abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evasins (chemokine-binding proteins) have been shown to selectively neutralize chemokine bioactivity. We investigated the potential benefits of Evasin-3 on @entity19 @entity741 /reperfusion injury. METHODS AND RESULTS: In vivo and ex vivo (Langendorff model) left coronary artery ligature was performed in C57Bl/6 @entity19 . Coronary occlusion was maintained for 30 minutes, followed by different times (up to 24 hours) of reperfusion. Five minutes after coronary occlusion, @entity19 received 1 intraperitoneal injection of Evasin-3 or vehicle. @entity1188 size was assessed histologically and by serum @entity24274 ELISA. In vitro neutrophil chemotaxis, immunohistology, oxidative stress quantification, real-time RT-PCR analysis of leukocyte chemoattractants, and Western blots for cardioprotective intracellular pathway activation were performed. Evasin-3 reduced @entity1188 size and @entity24274 levels compared with vehicle. This effect was associated with the reduction of neutrophil infiltration and reactive @entity26 species production within the infarcted @entity1562 . Evasin-3 did not reduce @entity1188 size in the absence of circulating neutrophils (Langendorff model). Evasin-3 did not influence the activation of intracellular cardioprotective pathways or the expression of leukocyte chemoattractants during early phases of reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Single administration of Evasin-3 during @entity741 significantly reduced @entity1188 size by preventing CXC chemokine-induced neutrophil recruitment and reactive @entity26 species production in @entity741 /reperfusion.

title: Single administration of the CXC chemokine-binding protein Evasin-3 during ischemia prevents myocardial reperfusion injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are currently at least six major competing criteria used to determine response to yttrium-90 and other liver-directed therapies, including: (i) Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST); (ii) World Health Organization (WHO), (iii) volumetric, (iv) two-dimensional (2D) European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), and (v) three-dimensional (3D) EASL criteria; and (vi) functional diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This study evaluated agreement among these competing @entity5 response classification schemes based on quantitative measurements of @entity5 size, @entity39 , and changes in water mobility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 20 @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) underwent (90)Y radioembolization. The @entity1 ' @entity5 burden before and 3-6 months after treatment was assessed with MR imaging. The percent change in size of @entity5 was used to classify @entity1 into response categories. kappa and agreement statistics were used to compare concordance among the different criteria. RESULTS: Conventional size criteria (RECIST, WHO, and volumetric) all had a substantial level of agreement (kappa = 0.76-0.78) when classifying @entity1 into response categories. However, the conventional size criteria in relation to 2D or 3D EASL had only slight to moderate concurrence, with kappa statistics as low as 0.06. Two-dimensional EASL criteria and functional DW MR imaging resulted in the highest response rates, 55% (n = 11) and 75% (n = 15), respectively, whereas conventional size criteria produced lower response rates. CONCLUSIONS: Classification of @entity157 response to (90)Y radioembolization is related to which of the competing criteria are used. It is recommended that anatomic imaging criteria be used as the primary method to determine response and functional imaging criteria be used as a complementary secondary method.

title: Agreement between competing imaging measures of response of XXXX to yttrium-90 radioembolization.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Generalized low bone mass and @entity2331 in both @entity1897 in @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) have been reported in literature. However, the exact mechanisms and causes of the @entity604 in @entity1615 are not identified yet. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, this study examined the relationship between @entity1615 and @entity604 represented by: serum concentration of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand ( @entity5298 ), serum level of @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ), serum level of osteocalcin (OST), parathormon (PTH) and BMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 15 @entity1 with @entity1615 and compared to the group of 8, age and gender-matched healthy controls. The bone markers in @entity1 with @entity1615 were disturbed compared with than in control individuals. Statistical analysis was performed by using t-test for independent samples. RESULTS: The mean @entity5298 and @entity5298 to @entity2159 ratio in @entity1 with @entity1615 were increased compared with that in control subjects. The @entity5298 and @entity5298 to @entity2159 ratios were negatively correlated to serum @entity2159 levels in both groups. These findings mean that the imbalance and the disturbed interaction of @entity5298 and @entity2159 may be an important cause and pathogenesis in @entity2331 in @entity1615 . CONCLUSION: Research date showed an important correlation between @entity2331 and @entity1615 . The level significant higher of osteocalcin (p<0.01) and @entity5298 (p<0.01) was observed at adolescents with @entity2112 comparing with control group. @entity2159 show no differences between the groups of study. @entity5298 / @entity2159 ratio was significant higher compared with control group. Higher levels of @entity5298 , in the presence of increased levels of osteocalcin, may induce modification in bone remodelling due to imbalance in @entity5298 / @entity2159 system.

title: XXXX and @entity2331 ).

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['axial and peripheral skeleton']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: The @entity7372 is characterized by features of familial occurrence, @entity6391 , @entity28 , @entity5767 , @entity21942 and @entity1032 . Recently, several reports have @entity8 as an additional cardinal feature of the syndrome. We present two cases of this syndrome from two different families. The first case was an obese eight-year-old @entity1 with @entity227 and signs of @entity1032 beginning at four months of age. An intravenous urogram showed dilatation of the minor calyces of both kidneys. Genital agenesis and typical @entity6391 on fundal examination all supported the diagnosis of @entity7372 . The @entity1 's father and grandmother also had symptoms of @entity227 , @entity1032 and @entity28 . The second case was an obese 14-year-old @entity1 with @entity227 and severe @entity1032 noticed at two to three months of age. Fundi showed typical @entity6391 . She also had genital agenesis but no significant family history.

title: XXXX : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['suggested renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['poor vision', 'blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity21942 :: ('MESH:C566623', 'Disease') :: ['hypogenitalism']

entities_list: @entity5767 :: ('MESH:D017689', 'Disease') :: ['polydactyly']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity7372 :: ('MESH:D007849', 'Disease') :: ['Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome']

answer: @entity7372 :: (MESH:D007849,Disease) :: ['Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome']


abstract: @entity3841 (Aa) has been implicated in most cases of localized @entity6223 and some cases of severe @entity7278 and @entity2521 . The Aa leukotoxin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Aa associated periodontal disease. Rapid detection of Aa in a periodontal pocket is hampered by the slow growth and fastidious nature of this bacterium. In this study, we developed a rapid, sensitive, nonradioactive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify a unique As sequence directly from @entity527 samples. Two oligonucleotide primers derived from DNA sequences of the leukotoxin gene were used in the PCR. The Aa-specific DNA fragments were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and then visualized under 302 nm ultraviolet light after staining with @entity5611 . In the 12 @entity527 samples screened, the Aa-specific sequences were found in five out of nine sites with @entity2521 . No Aa-specific sequence was found in three healthy sites. The specificity of the amplified DNA fragments was confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. These results indicated that the PCR technique should assist in the rapid detection of Aa in @entity527 samples. Moreover, combined with direct DNA sequencing, this method can be used to study the molecular epidemiology of this periodontal pathogen.

title: Rapid and specific detection of the leukotoxin sequences of XXXX from periodontal pockets by the polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'refractory periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

answer: @entity3841 :: (714,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']


abstract: Combining information across modalities can affect sensory performance. We studied how co-occurring sounds modulate behavioral visual detection sensitivity (d'), and neural responses, for visual stimuli of higher or lower intensity. Co-occurrence of a sound enhanced @entity1 detection sensitivity for lower- but not higher-intensity visual targets. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) linked this to boosts in activity-levels for sensory-specific @entity227 , plus multisensory superior temporal sulcus (STS), specifically for a lower-intensity visual event when paired with a sound. Thalamic structures in visual and auditory pathways, the lateral and medial geniculate bodies, respectively (LGB, MGB), showed a similar pattern. Subject-by-subject psychophysical benefits correlated with corresponding fMRI signals in @entity227 . We also analyzed differential "coupling" patterns of LGB and MGB with other regions in the different experimental conditions. Effective-connectivity analyses showed enhanced coupling of sensory-specific thalamic bodies with the affected cortical sites during enhanced detection of lower-intensity visual events paired with sounds. Coupling strength between @entity227 with cortical regions, including STS, covaried parametrically with the psychophysical benefit for this specific multisensory context. Our results indicate that multisensory enhancement of detection sensitivity for low-contrast visual stimuli by co-occurring sounds reflects a brain network involving not only established multisensory STS and @entity227 .

title: Sound-induced enhancement of low-intensity vision: multisensory influences on XXXX sensory-specific cortices and thalamic bodies relate to perceptual enhancement of visual detection sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and auditory thalamus', 'visual, auditory, and multisensory regions', 'sensory-specific cortex but also visual and auditory thalamus', 'visual and auditory cortex']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Alternative splicing of primary transcripts from the @entity175 /alpha @entity175 gene-related peptide (alpha @entity4655 ) gene result in mature mRNAs encoding either @entity175 or alpha @entity4655 . We have produced sequence-specific, synthetic, biotinylated oligodeoxynucleotide probes that recognize @entity175 (exon 4), and alpha @entity4655 (exon 6) sequences as well as sequences common to both splice variants (exon 3) of this gene. Probes to exons 4 and 3 revealed strong cytoplasmic signals in @entity35 parafollicular cells. In addition, a punctate nuclear signal was obtained with these probes. The alpha @entity4655 -specific (exon 6) probe resulted in weak cytoplasmic labelling of parafollicular cells, but produced a punctate nuclear labelling similar to that seen with the exon 4 and 3 probes. RNase digestion removed all the cytoplasmic and nuclear signals obtained with all probes. Hybridization with a thyroglobulin-specific probe failed to label parafollicular cells. A control ( @entity1 enterovirus) probe yielded negative results, while a probe to @entity35 @entity1943 produced cytoplasmic labelling of a small subpopulation of parafollicular cells. Finally, a probe specific for beta @entity4655 mRNA labelled most, if not all, parafollicular cells. Fluorescent alkaline phosphatase development of in situ hybridizations could be combined with indirect immunofluorescence for @entity4655 . Analysis by fluorescence and confocal microscopy revealed that @entity4655 immunoreactive cells contained @entity175 , alpha @entity4655 and beta @entity4655 hybridization signals. Our results demonstrate that all three genes may be simultaneously expressed by thyroid parafollicular cells and show that synthetic biotinylated oligonucleotide probes can be used for highly precise localizations of primary transcripts in the nuclei of these cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Detection of primary and mature transcripts of XXXX -gene-related peptide genes in @entity35 parafollicular cells by light, fluorescence and confocal microscopy.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['calcitonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between subchondral bone reconstruction and articular cartilage regeneration in a @entity95 model of spontaneous osteochondral repair. METHODS: Twenty-four 6-month-old New Zealand white @entity95 were included. The @entity4713 (4 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth) were created in the trochlear groove of the unilateral femur, which penetrated the subchondral bone without any treatment. The @entity95 were sacrificed at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks. after operation, respectively. The specimens were obtained for macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical observations. According to the @entity1844 ( @entity1844 ) histological scoring, the effect of cartilage repair was assessed. The histomorphometrical parameters of subchondral bone were analyzed by micro-CT scan and reconstruction, and the relationship between cartilage repair and the histomorphometrical parameters of the subchondral bone were also analyzed. RESULTS: @entity4713 could be repaired spontaneously in @entity95 model. With time, defect was gradually filled with repaired tissue, subchondral bone plate under the defect region gradually migrated upward. Bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, tissue mineralized density, trabecula number, and trabecula thickness were increased, while trabecula spacing was decreased. Significant difference was found in the other parameters between different time points (P < 0.05) except for trabecula thickness between at 4 and 12 weeks after operation (P > 0.05). Histological examination showed that @entity82 was predominant with rare hyaline cartilage. With time, @entity1844 scores increased gradually, showing significant differences between other time points (P < 0.05) except for between at 4 and 12 weeks after operation (P > 0.05). Among the histomorphometrical parameters of subchondral bone, the trabecula spacing was negatively correlated with @entity1844 score (r = -0.584, P = 0.039), and the other histomorphometrical parameters were positively correlated with @entity1844 score (r = 0.680-0.891). CONCLUSION: There is relevant correlation as well as independent process between cartilage regeneration and subchondral bone reconstruction in the @entity95 model of spontaneous osteochondral repair, and fast subchondral bone remodeling may adversely affect articular cartilage repair.

title: [RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBCHONDRAL BONE RECONSTRUCTION AND ARTICULAR CARTILAGE REGENERATION IN A XXXX MODEL OF SPONTANEOUS OSTEOCHONDRAL REPAIR].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous repair']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['International Cartilage Repair Society', 'ICRS']

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['Osteochondral defects', 'osteochondral defects']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['RABBIT']


abstract: In a double-blind randomised four-center trial 43 @entity1 with @entity2275 (20 @entity1 , 23 @entity1 ; mean age 52.2 years) were treated with either @entity4140 (P) 50 mg b.i.d. (n = 24) or @entity4444 (C) 400 mg b.i.d. (n = 19) during six weeks. In ten @entity1 gastric juice was examined before and at the end of the treatment for concentration and type of the microbial flora, and for @entity3542 concentration. After six weeks 83% of the @entity1 in both groups were either symptom-free or clearly improved. In 15/24 @entity1 on P (62.6%) and in 13/18 on C (72.2%) the @entity1066 (s) were healed at the time of control endoscopy. In the ten @entity1 investigated, intragastric concentrations of fungi, bacteria, and @entity3542 were not significantly changed by the treatment. In @entity2275 , treatment with @entity4140 50 mg b.i.d. or @entity4444 400 mg b.i.d. during six weeks does not result in significant microbial overgrowth or generation of @entity3542 .

title: The intragastric milieu during XXXX treatment with @entity4140 50 mg b.i.d. or @entity4444 400 mg b.i.d.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are conflicting reports regarding the effects of @entity12472 ( @entity10664 ) on amphibian development. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms of action of @entity10664 in amphibians. OBJECTIVES: Our aim in this study was to determine whether low concentrations of @entity10664 affect gonadal development and metamorphosis in the Northern @entity14301 frog, Rana pipiens. METHODS: Tadpoles were exposed in outdoor mesocosms to nominal concentrations of 0.1 and 1.8 microg/L of formulated @entity10664 from Gosner stage 27 (G27) to metamorphic climax (G42). Exposure to @entity23588 ( @entity7869 ; 1.5 microg/L) provided a positive control for induction of testicular oocytes in males. Endocrine-related gene expression and gonadal histopathology were examined at G42 and in a subset of premetamorphic G34 tadpoles that failed to metamorphose. RESULTS: Gonadal gross morphology revealed that the 1.8-microg/L @entity10664 treatment produced 20% more females compared with the control. Histologic analysis revealed that 22% of @entity7869 -treated males had testicular oocytes, whereas none were observed in any animals from the control or either @entity10664 groups. @entity10664 increased brain @entity172 receptor alpha mRNA to 2.5 times that of the control at premetamorphosis and altered liver levels of 5beta-reductase activity at metamorphosis. In contrast, brain aromatase mRNA level and activity did not change. @entity10664 treatments significantly reduced metamorphic success (number of animals reaching metamorphosis) without affecting body weight, snout-vent length, or age at metamorphosis. Gene expression analysis indicated that @entity10664 decreased the expression of deiodinase type 3 in the tail at premetamorphosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that exposure to low concentrations of @entity10664 in experimental mesocosms alters gonadal differentiation and metamorphosis in developing R. pipiens.

title: Low levels of the herbicide XXXX alter sex ratios and reduce metamorphic success in Rana pipiens tadpoles raised in outdoor mesocosms.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity23588 :: ('CHEBI:4903', 'Chemical') :: ['17alpha-ethinylestradiol']

answer: @entity12472 :: (MESH:D001280,Chemical) :: ['atrazine']


abstract: Since July 1984, eight @entity1 with advanced @entity5734 have received treatment with recombinant alpha A interferon. At commencement of interferon, seven @entity1 had progressive @entity1503 , and one was in leukemic phase (greater than 20 x 10(9)/L circulating hairy cells). All @entity1 had had previous splenectomy. Interferon was administered subcutaneously. The initial dose was 3 x 10(6) U/day, continued until peripheral counts stabilised. Subsequently, @entity1 received 6 x 10(6) U/day, 9 x 10(6) U/day, and finally 12 x 10(6) U/day. The dose increases proceeded every 8-12 weeks, as tolerated. Seven @entity1 had an objective response. There were four complete remissions, two partial remissions, and one minor response. Complete remission was documented only in @entity1 on at least 6 x 10(6) U/day for 12 weeks. The median time to complete remission was 40 weeks (range 35-53). Normalisation of peripheral blood counts preceded histologic marrow improvement. The median times for response (platelets greater than or equal to 100 x 10(9)/L, hemaglobin greater than or equal to 12 gm/dL, neutrophils greater than or equal to 1.5 x 10(9)/L), were six to eight and 17 weeks, respectively. @entity137 included myelosuppression during the first four weeks of therapy. With increasing doses of interferon, myelosuppression did not recur. A transient, mild, @entity683 affected all @entity1 . Two @entity1 developed asymptomatic transaminitis at doses greater than 6 X 10(6) U/day. This resolved with dose reduction. In one case @entity323 was reported during the first four weeks of each interferon level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of XXXX with increasing doses of recombinant alpha A interferon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['flu-like syndrome']

answer: @entity5734 :: (MESH:D007943,Disease) :: ['hairy cell leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Colonoscopy can produce false-negative results, and the reasons for this remain obscure. The aim of this study was to examine why @entity5 are missed at colonoscopy. @entity1 AND METHODS: All colonoscopies carried out at Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand, over a 43-month period (1 October 1997 - 30 April 2001) were retrospectively analyzed (the data having been prospectively collected). All cases of @entity14 during the period 1 October 1997 - 30 July 2001 (3 months longer, to capture delayed diagnoses) were also identified. The two databases were then compared, and all cases in which a colonoscopy had been performed more than 6 weeks before a @entity14 specimen being received by the pathology department were identified and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 5055 colonoscopies were undertaken in 4598 @entity1 . Over this period, 630 @entity14 were identified in the pathology database; 286 of the @entity1 affected were in the colonoscopy and pathology database. Sixty-six @entity1 had had a colonoscopy performed more than 6 weeks before the diagnosis of @entity14 . @entity189 was identified in 48 of these 66 @entity1 , and management was being provided. Seventeen @entity5 (5.9 %) were missed at colonoscopy, and the @entity1 had had an incomplete colonoscopy in nine of these cases. In seven of the 17, an alternative benign cause was recorded. In four @entity1 , a lesion was seen and thought to be benign, although subsequently proven not to be. In another four cases, the @entity5 was not diagnosed despite adequate bowel preparation and what was thought by the colonoscopist to be an adequate colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopy missed 17 of 286 @entity5 (5.9 %). The reasons why @entity5 were missed relate to incomplete colonoscopy, poor bowel preparation, misinterpretation of what was seen, failure to carry out adequate biopsy (and follow-up) of lesions seen, and systems failures related to follow-up investigations in @entity1 who had an incomplete colonoscopy. The fact that colonoscopy and barium enema investigations may fail to diagnose @entity5 has important medicolegal implications. The recognition that colonoscopy may miss a @entity5 should encourage doctors to reinvestigate @entity1 when there is a lack of correlation between the clinical and investigative findings.

title: Reasons for failure to diagnose XXXX at colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Unlike in a healthy population, the protection of @entity4091 ( @entity4091 ) vaccine in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 might be insufficient, considering data demonstrating suboptimal response to other vaccines. The study evaluates the association between @entity4091 vaccination and the subsequent @entity4091 risk among @entity454 @entity1 . METHODS:    This cohort study included @entity454 @entity1 age >= 60 years who were enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Southern California. The vaccinated cohort included 582 @entity1 who received @entity4091 vaccine during 01/01/2007 through 12/31/2013. Each vaccinated @entity1 was matched to five unvaccinated @entity1 on age, sex, and dialysis duration. Subjects were passively followed through their electronic health records to identify @entity4091 incidence. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) associated with vaccination. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the cumulative incidence were generated. RESULTS:    The number of @entity4091 cases was 16 in 1373 @entity1 -years (11.7 per 1000 @entity1 -years; 95% CI, 7.1-19.0) among the vaccinated and 126 in 5644 @entity1 -years (22.3 per 1000 @entity1 -years; 95% CI, 18.7-26.6) among the unvaccinated. The 36-month cumulative risk of incident @entity4091 was 4.1% and 6.6%, respectively. @entity4091 vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of @entity4091 (adjusted HR = 0.49; 95% CI, .29-.85). The reduced risk seems more prominent if the vaccine is given within two years of dialysis initiation. CONCLUSIONS:    Among @entity454 @entity1 age >= 60 years, receipt of @entity4091 vaccine was associated with a lower incidence of @entity4091 . In addition, @entity4091 vaccination soon after the initiation of dialysis may provide greater protection.

title: Effectiveness of Herpes Zoster Vaccine in @entity1 60 Years and Older With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['HZ', 'herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage Renal Disease']


abstract: The dopaminergic role of @entity14766 receptors in @entity8364 was evaluated using drugs with preferential receptor affinities. The D-1 antagonist, @entity10095 , caused distinct @entity8364 in @entity19 at 1, 2, and 10 mg/kg, IP, but not at two lower doses. The selective D-1 blocker, @entity16680 , also caused @entity8364 at 5 and 10 mg/kg; and blockade of both receptor types produced additive cataleptogenic effects. @entity3826 (4 mg/kg), which is an agonist for both receptors, potentiated @entity10095 -induced @entity8364 much more than it did the @entity8364 induced by @entity16680 ; the potentiation was produced by higher, not lower, doses of @entity3826 . To determine if the @entity3826 potentiation was mediated by D-1 or D-2 receptors, we tested selective agonists in @entity19 that were concurrently injected with selective blockers. @entity10095 -induced @entity8364 was potentiated by a large dose of the D-2 agonist, @entity2847 . The @entity8364 of D-2 blockade with @entity16680 was not potentiated by the D-1 agonist, @entity2344 , which slightly disrupted the @entity8364 of D-2 blockade. We conclude that @entity8364 is not a simple D-2 blockade phenomenon and that preferential antagonism of either receptor type can cause @entity8364 . @entity8364 is most profound when both receptor types are blocked. @entity935 agonists, in large concentrations, are known to promote movements, and thus it is not surprising that they tend to disrupt @entity8364 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: D-1 and D-2 receptor blockade have additive cataleptic effects in XXXX , but receptor effects may interact in opposite ways.

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine', 'apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['Catalepsy', 'catalepsy']

entities_list: @entity16680 :: ('MESH:D008972', 'Chemical') :: ['molindone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The study is one of the first to compare corresponding birth weights documented on New York City @entity283 ( @entity283 ) birth tapes and the neonatal medical records of the hospital of birth. Only those @entity1 with birth weights of 2,500 grams (g) or less were studied. Analyses were made of the scope, magnitude of error, and direction of the discrepancies observed. Concordance was considered present if the discrepancy in birth weight was 30 g or less. @entity283 birth tapes and the hospital charts of 3,864 neonates were reviewed. The study population came from 48 of 53 hospitals in the metropolitan area. Hospitals were divided into three categories by the level of care offered. Each level of care was subdivided into groups by type of hospital ownership, that is, proprietary, voluntary, and municipal. Concordance was 87 percent overall and ranged from 67 to 96 percent among the study hospitals. More discrepancies were found for levels II and III hospitals than in level I hospitals, those with less sophisticated resources. Municipal hospitals had more discrepancies in birth weights than @entity580 . @entity1 who had been transported from the birth facility to another facility had significantly higher concordance rates than the nontransported @entity1 , after adjusting for levels of care, type of ownership of the hospital, and birth weight categories. Increased concordance rates were shown to be associated with increased birth weights.

title: Discrepancies in birth weights between hospital records and health department data for low birth weight XXXX in New York City.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Health Department Vital Statistics', 'HDVS']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary hospitals']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop evidence-based guidelines, based on a systematic review, for endocrine therapy for postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity5282 -positive @entity0 . METHODS: A literature search identified relevant randomized trials. Databases searched included MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, the Cochrane Collaboration Library, and those for the Annual Meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS). The primary outcomes of interest were disease-free survival, overall survival, and time to @entity0 . Secondary outcomes included adverse events and quality of life. An expert panel reviewed the literature, especially 12 major trials, and developed updated recommendations. RESULTS: An adjuvant treatment strategy incorporating an aromatase inhibitor (AI) as primary (initial endocrine therapy), sequential (using both @entity440 and an AI in either order), or extended (AI after 5 years of @entity440 ) therapy reduces the risk of @entity0 recurrence compared with 5 years of @entity440 alone. Data suggest that including an AI as primary monotherapy or as sequential treatment after 2 to 3 years of @entity440 yields similar outcomes. @entity440 and AIs differ in their adverse effect profiles, and these differences may inform treatment preferences. CONCLUSION: The Update Committee recommends that postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity5282 -positive @entity0 consider incorporating AI therapy at some point during adjuvant treatment, either as up-front therapy or as sequential treatment after @entity440 . The optimal timing and duration of endocrine treatment remain unresolved. The Update Committee supports careful consideration of adverse effect profiles and @entity1 preferences in deciding whether and when to incorporate AI therapy.

title: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline: update on adjuvant endocrine therapy for @entity1 with XXXX -positive @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity5282 :: (3164,Gene) :: ['hormone receptor']


abstract: Clinical and electrographic data were reviewed on 2 of our @entity1 with @entity302 who were @entity410 free at 5-year follow-up, and on 2 similar @entity1 from the literature. One of our @entity1 was lesional, and the other was nonlesional. Interictal EEG discharges were lateralized to the side of invasively recorded orbitofrontal @entity410 in the nonlesional case. In this case, no clinical manifestations occurred until the orbitofrontal discharge had spread to the opposite orbitofrontal and both mesial temporal areas. @entity16715 or arrest of activity were the initial manifestations of complex partial @entity410 in both cases. The 2 cases from the literature with long-term @entity410 -free follow-up had little impairment of @entity3596 and displayed @entity1957 . @entity302 was bifrontally synchronous in 1 case. Ipsilateral frontotemporal discharges were seen in both. Invasive @entity302 appeared maximal in the ipsilateral orbitofrontal region in both @entity1 . No consistent electrographic or clinical pattern characterized these 4 cases. @entity410 of orbitofrontal origin may be characterized by either unresponsiveness associated with oroalimentary automatisms or limited alteration of @entity3596 and associated with @entity1957 . Invasive monitoring of the orbitofrontal cortex should be considered in nonlesional cases with complex partial @entity410 that show nonlocalizing ictal patterns and interictal frontal or frontotemporal @entity302 .

title: XXXX : electroclinical analysis of surgical cases and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['awareness']

entities_list: @entity16715 :: ('MESH:C567934', 'Disease') :: ['Unresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['vigorous motor automatisms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['orbitofrontal epilepsy', 'Interictal epileptiform activity', 'ictal epileptiform activity', 'epileptiform discharges']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Orbitofrontal epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity67 ( @entity67 ) restore hemodynamics in those with @entity712 , reversibility of end-organ dysfunction with VAD support is not well characterized. Renal function often improves in adults after VAD placement, but this has not been comprehensively explored in @entity1 . METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 on VAD support were studied. @entity810 ( @entity810 ) was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined by the Schwartz method. Generalized linear mixed-effects models compared the pre-VAD and post-VAD eGFR for the cohort and sub-groups with and without pre-VAD @entity8 (pre-VAD eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). RESULTS: The pre-VAD eGFR across the cohort was 84.0 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (interquartile range [IQR] 62.3-122.7), and 55.6% (34 of 63) had pre-VAD @entity8 . @entity810 affected 60.3% (38 of 63), with similar rates in those with and without pre-existing @entity8 . Within the cohort, the nadir eGFR occurred 1 day post-operatively (62.9 ml/min/1.73 m(2); IQR, 51.2-88.9 ml/min/1.73 m(2); p < 0.001). By Day 5, however, the eGFR exceeded the baseline (99.0 ml/min/1.73 m(2); IQR, 59.3-146.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2); p = 0.03) and remained significantly higher through the first post-operative week. After adjusting for age, gender, and @entity810 , the eGFR continued to increase throughout the entire 180-day study period (b = 0.0025; 95% confidence interval, 0.0015-0.0036; p < 0.001). @entity1 with pre-VAD @entity8 experienced the greatest improvement in the eGFR (b = 0.0051 vs b = 0.0013, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is prevalent in @entity1 with @entity712 undergoing VAD placement. Although peri-operative @entity810 is common, renal function improves substantially in the first post-operative week and for months thereafter. This is particularly pronounced in those with pre-VAD @entity8 , suggesting that @entity67 may facilitate recovery and maintenance of kidney function in @entity1 with advanced @entity712 .

title: Impact of ventricular assist device placement on longitudinal renal function in XXXX with end-stage @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal dysfunction', 'renal impairment', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular assist devices', 'VADs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spinal anesthesia using two different doses of @entity3575 combined with low-dose @entity1343 in anorectal surgery. METHODS: In this prospective, double-blind study, 52 American Society of Anaesthesiologists I-II @entity1 scheduled for elective anorectal surgery were randomized into two groups. The @entity1 in group I received intrathecal 2.5mg hyperbaric @entity1343 plus 12.5 g @entity3575 and in group II received intrathecal 2.5mg hyperbaric @entity1343 plus 25 g @entity3575 . All the @entity1 remained in the seated position for 5min after completion of the spinal anesthesia. Sensory block was evaluated with pin-prick test and motor block was evaluated with a modified Bromage scale. RESULTS: Motor block was not observed in both of the groups. The sensory block was limited to the S2 level in group I, and S1 level in group II. None of the @entity1 required additional analgesics during the operation. Time to two-segment regression was shorter in group I compared with group II (p<0.01). One @entity1 in group I and 5 @entity1 in group II had @entity111 . Hemodynamic parameters were stable during the operation in both of the groups. CONCLUSION: Spinal saddle block using hyperbaric @entity1343 with both 12.5 g and 25 g @entity3575 provided good quality of anesthesia without motor block for anorectal surgery in the prone position.

title: [Low-dose @entity1343 plus XXXX combination for spinal anesthesia in anorectal surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the health care needs of @entity1 after surgical resection of @entity2 at discharge and evaluate the significance of factors associated with such needs. BACKGROUND: Other studies have found that symptom distress level, social supports and health beliefs are associated with health care needs. Design.    Sixty-two @entity1 were recruited from a thoracic surgery clinic at a medical centre in Taipei from July-December 2005. Data related to demographic variables, disease characteristics, functional status, symptom distress and social support were collected. METHODS: The @entity1 were administered the Karnofsky Performance Scale, the Symptom Distress Scale-Chinese Modified Form, the Social Support Scale (adapted from the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List), the Health Needs Scale and self-reported rating scales for @entity158 . Data were analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and linear regression models. RESULTS: Pulmonary function was found to be correlated with the level of need for health care information and physiological care. Self-perceived symptom distress and degree of distress were also correlated with levels of need for information, physiological care and psychosocial care. The level of @entity158 was found to be correlated with the level of need for health care information and physiological care. After controlling for @entity158 level, multivariate analysis revealed that self-perceived symptom severity (p = 0  032) and degree of distress (p = 0  043) were modestly correlated with the need for health care. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary function, self-perceived symptom distress, degree of distress and level of @entity158 were correlated with the level of need for health care information and physiological care. Self-perceived symptom severity and degree of distress were independent predictors of health care needs. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Administration of relevant questionnaires to assess postoperative symptom distress may be necessary for optimal disease management.

title: Post-discharge health care needs of XXXX after @entity2 resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accelerated radiotherapy combined with @entity15436 and @entity4571 (ARCON) to overcome @entity5 and cell proliferation achieved @entity5 control and survival in Phase II studies of @entity1 with advanced @entity135 . Thus, morbidity and treatment outcomes from the latter study were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ARCON. METHODS: Acute and late morbidity was assessed in 105 @entity1 with high-grade superficial or muscle-invasive @entity150 who were given accelerated radiotherapy (50-55 grays in 4 weeks) with @entity15436 alone or with ARCON. Urinary dysfunction was scored based on daytime frequency, @entity2183 , @entity322 , @entity3833 , @entity811 , and urgency. Bowel morbidity was based on stool frequency and consistency, rectal discharge, @entity190 , and medication. Endpoints for treatment outcome were overall survival, disease-free survival, and locoregional control. RESULTS: Nearly all @entity1 experienced reduced ability to retain urine beyond 2 hours, although 20-30% had almost normal function at night. Incidence of acute moderate or worse @entity3833 was 41% with ARCON and 56% with @entity15436 ; 96% and 76% of @entity1 , respectively, had bowel frequencies > or = 3 times per day. By 10-12 weeks from the start of radiotherapy, acute reactions returned to baseline levels. At 3 years, the daytime frequency < or = 2 times per hour was approximately 75% in both arms. Incidence of severe @entity811 (< or = 25%) and urinary urgency (< or = 16%) was much lower. No more than 6% of @entity1 had severe bowel morbidity. With most assays, the differences between schedules were not significant either for acute or late morbidity. @entity5 control and survival rates at 3 years were 53% and 43%, respectively, for ARCON, similar to the rates for @entity15436 alone. CONCLUSIONS: Historical comparisons suggested no overt increase in normal tissue radiosensitivity when adding @entity15436 and @entity4571 . Although, for some endpoints, the incidence of late sequelae was higher than expected, overall morbidity was no worse than reported by others. The data indicated that ARCON could achieve a therapeutic gain in @entity1 with advanced @entity150 . A Phase III, randomized, multicenter trial is underway currently in the United Kingdom to evaluate these findings.

title: Acute and late morbidity in the treatment of advanced @entity150 with accelerated radiotherapy, XXXX , and @entity4571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck and bladder carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hypoxia', 'high tumor', 'Local tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

answer: @entity15436 :: (MESH:C011700,Chemical) :: ['carbogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3100 is a @entity364 of the scalp occurring commonly in @entity1 . Historical data indicate that clinical manifestations and the spectrum of etiologic agents vary greatly with geography, as well as socioeconomic affected populations. OBJECTIVE: To study the possible connection between socioeconomic status, the disease patterns and the variability of etiological agents. METHODS: We reviewed @entity3100 in China through literature since 1956. The disease pattern was correlated with economic and public health management protocols. Historical data on fungal identification were mostly obtained by morphology. The accuracy of these historical results was further confirmed by use of both morphological and ITS identification on a control set of 90 isolates collected recently from local hospital. RESULTS: Full agreement of the two identification methods implies that data from the literature were sufficiently reliable to allow comparison across reported cases. In sum, 88 papers involving 25 administrative provinces and municipalities with 38,962 clinical strains met the inclusion criteria of this review. Zoophilic species @entity14476 is the most prevalent agent within large, modernized cities in China today accounting for over 80% of @entity281 . In contrast, anthropophilic dermatophytes, particularly Trichophyton violaceum, are geographically endemic only in some southeastern and northwestern regions. CONCLUSION: Economic development and urbanization of cities favor a shift of etiological agents from anthroponoses to zoonoses in contemporary China. Pets are becoming the most likely sources of infection in modern lifestyles, replacing the earlier @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission mode. However, the latter transmission mode is still prevalent in less developed areas lacking adequate social and public health facilities.

title: Epidemiological changes in XXXX over the sixty years of economic growth in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['Tinea capitis', 'tinea capitis']

entities_list: @entity14476 :: ('63405', 'Species') :: ['Microsporum canis']

answer: @entity3100 :: (MESH:D014006,Disease) :: ['tinea capitis']


abstract: In the last decade, operative decompression of cord and cauda, internal fixation with rods, bony fusion and early ambulation, have become more popular in the management of thoracolumbar injuries with @entity51 . Computer-tomography, CT myelography and peroperative ultrasonography provided direct evidence, that, without surgical decompression, reduction of displaced bone and disc fragments, propelled into the spinal canal, is often incomplete, not only after postural reduction, but also after rod instrumentation. The percentage of @entity1 with incomplete @entity451 who show improvement of @entity51 after surgical reduction and stabilization, is probably greater than that noted with postural management. There are, however, shortcomings in the classification of @entity51 , which hamper adequate comparison. Further research in this field is necessary. The value of the surgical approaches is mainly in immediate stabilization, which diminishes @entity158 , facilitates nursing care and allows more rapid mobilization. This results in a shorter stay in hospital and earlier active rehabilitation. That decompression of the neural elements provides improved neurological recovery seems likely, but has so far not been proven. Management of these @entity1 , preferably admitted to specialized units, should be carried out by an orthopedic surgeon and a neurosurgeon in cooperation. The orthopedic surgeon is mainly concerned with management of the spine; the neurosurgeon with management of the @entity451 , operations being carried out by both.

title: The value of more aggressive management in traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been proposed that @entity6312 may be caused by a degree of impeded proximal venous drainage (pelvic @entity432 ) in the same way that biological tubes dilate in response to an obstruction. The @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) of air-plethysmography (APG) was used to test this hypothesis. A dependency to elevation manoeuvre was used to provoke gravitational venous drainage. A rapid reduction in @entity291 volume implied good drainage. METHODS: This was a single centre, proof-of-concept study comparing gravitational venous drainage in @entity6312 @entity1 and controls. Leg filling and drainage manoeuvres (elevation to dependency and dependency to elevation) were performed three times per leg in 15 @entity1 (7 male, 8 right) and 16 controls (3 male, 8 right). The @entity1211 was measured in the same way the established venous filling index (VFI) is calculated to quantify filling: @entity1211   =   90% of venous drainage volume (90VDV)/90% venous drainage time (VDT90). RESULTS: The @entity1 were significantly older at 58 (41-75) years versus the controls 47 (18-58), p   =   0.001. There was no significant difference between the groups in weight, height, BMI or common femoral vein diameter. The @entity1 were (C2   =   8; C3   =   1, C4   =   6), VCSS 4 (1-11) with a median refluxing proximal thigh saphenous diameter of 6 (5-11) mm. The median (inter-quartile range) VFI and @entity1211 (both in mL/s) in the control tests (n   =   48) were 1.3 (0.9-1.9) and 33.8 (21.5-55), respectively. The VFI and @entity1211 in the @entity1 tests (n   =   41) were significantly faster at 6.2 (3.5-9.4), p   <   0.0005, and 47.1 (36.1-66.3), p   =   0.002, respectively. Adjusted to a standard mean for each leg, the reproducibility limits (*3) of the @entity1211 was very good at 39.7 (95% CI: 36.5-42.9) in controls and 52.9 (95% CI: 49.7-56.1) in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The @entity1211 was significantly greater in @entity1 with @entity6312 compared to controls. It is unlikely that impeded gravitational drainage is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of @entity6312 .

title: Gravitational venous drainage is significantly faster in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['varicose vein', 'varicose veins']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous drainage index', 'VDI']

answer: @entity6312 :: (MESH:D014648,Disease) :: ['varicose veins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about medical comorbidity or health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in @entity162 across the adult age span, especially in public sector @entity1 . METHODS: We obtained cross-sectional demographic, clinical, and functional ratings for 330 veterans hospitalized for @entity162 with Mini-Mental State score > or = 27 and without active @entity167 /substance intoxication or withdrawal, who had had at least 2 prior @entity146 admissions in the last 5 years. Structured medical record review identified current/lifetime comorbid medical conditions. SF-36 Physical (PCS) and Mental ( @entity8848 ) Component Scores, measured physical and mental HRQOL. Univariate and multivariate analyses addressed main hypotheses that physical and mental function decrease with age with decrements due to increasing medical comorbidity. RESULTS: PCS decreased (worsened) with age; number of current comorbid medical diagnoses, but not age, explained the decline. Older individuals had higher (better) @entity8848 , even without controlling for medical comorbidity. Multivariate analysis indicated association of @entity8848 with age, current @entity308 /mixed episode, number of past-year @entity308 , and current @entity148 , but not with medical comorbidity, number of past-year @entity162 episodes, current @entity734 or lifetime comorbidities. LIMITATIONS: This cross-sectional design studied a predominantly male hospitalized sample who qualified for and consented to subsequent randomized treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Medical comorbidity is associated with lower (worse) physical HRQOL, independent of age. Surprisingly, younger rather than older subjects reported lower mental HRQOL. This appears due in part to more complex @entity146 presentations, and several mechanisms are discussed. Both results suggest that age-specific assessment and treatment may enhance HRQOL outcome.

title: Medical comorbidity and health-related quality of life in XXXX across the adult age span.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episodes', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: AIM: To examine the incidence of paroxysmal @entity302 and @entity302 and the associated prenatal and perinatal factors that might predict them in the first year of life in a population-based cohort. METHOD: This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from early fetal life onwards. Information about the occurrence of paroxysmal events, defined as suddenly occurring episodes with an altered consciousness, altered behaviour, @entity2358 , altered muscle tone, and/or a changed breathing pattern, was collected by questionnaires at the ages of 2, 6, and 12 months. Information on possible prenatal and perinatal determinants was obtained by measurements and questionnaires during pregnancy and after birth. RESULTS: Information about paroxysmal events in the first year of life was available in 2860 @entity1 (1410 males, 1450 females). We found an incidence of @entity74 of 8.9% (n=255) in the first year of life. Of these @entity1 , 17 were diagnosed with @entity410 and two with @entity302 . Non- @entity302 events included physiological events, @entity9587 , @entity909 by causes other than @entity302 or @entity9587 , @entity4939 , and other events. Preterm birth (p<0.001) and low Apgar score at 1 minute (p<0.05) were significantly associated with @entity74 in the first year of life. Continued maternal smoking during pregnancy and @entity600 were significantly associated with @entity410 in the first year of life (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: @entity74 are frequent in @entity950 . They are associated with @entity600 and a low Apgar score. @entity302 only form a minority of the paroxysmal events in @entity950 . In this study, @entity1 whose mothers continued smoking during pregnancy had a higher reported incidence of @entity410 in the first year of life. These findings may generate various hypotheses for further investigations.

title: XXXX in @entity950 and their risk factors in a population-based cohort: the Generation R Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['parasomnias']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal disorders', 'Paroxysmal disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'Epileptic seizures', 'non-epileptic disorders', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity9587 :: ('MESH:D004411', 'Disease') :: ['apnoeic spells']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Paroxysmal disorders']


abstract: @entity12087 is due to @entity2246 and is usually manifested clinically by progressive @entity409 with @entity82 and @entity1578 between the second and fourth years of life. We describe a 5-year-old @entity1 who, following an @entity221 at 2 years of age, was first noted to have @entity382 with mildly elevated serum transaminase levels. Liver biopsy revealed @entity1575 with periodic-acid Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant inclusions in hepatocytes and fibrillar inclusions characteristic of amylopectin by electron microscopy. Enzymatic assay revealed @entity99 activity with normal activity of @entity413 -6-phosphatase, debranching enzyme and phosphorylase activities. During the succeeding 3 years, he grew and developed normally with apparent resolution of any clinical evidence of @entity409 and only intermittent elevation in serum transaminase levels associated with fever and prolonged fasting. Repeat liver biopsy at 4 years of age showed persistence of scattered hepatocellular @entity5644 Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant inclusions, but no progression of @entity1575 in spite of persistent @entity99 activity. Skeletal muscle and skin fibroblasts from the @entity1 also showed deficient enzyme activity. Skin fibroblasts from both parents exhibited half the normal control activity, suggesting a heterozygote state. This is the first documented @entity1 with @entity2246 but without evidence of progressive @entity99 . This @entity1 , coupled with reports of other @entity1 with late onset hepatic or @entity121 with @entity2246 , suggests that the defect resulting in @entity12087 is more heterogenous and possibly more common than previously suspected.

title: A new variant of @entity12087 : XXXX without apparent progressive @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity12087 :: ('MESH:D006011', 'Disease') :: ['Type IV glycogen storage disease', 'Type IV glycogenosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5644 :: ('MESH:D010504', 'Chemical') :: ['periodic-acid']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['deficient hepatic branching enzyme', 'hepatic disease', 'deficiency of hepatic branching enzyme']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['acute febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of branching enzyme', 'branching enzyme deficiency']

answer: @entity2246 :: (MESH:D008661,Disease) :: ['deficiency of branching enzyme activity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations in the @entity9796 reductase (dhfr) and @entity9795 synthase (dhps) genes of @entity3964 are associated with resistance to anti- @entity1501 drugs, most notably @entity1484 (SP). Molecular studies document the prevalence of these mutations in parasite populations across the African continent. However, there is no systematic review examining the collective epidemiological significance of these studies. This meta-analysis attempts to: 1) summarize genotype frequency data that are critical for molecular surveillance of anti- @entity1501 resistance and 2) identify the specific challenges facing the development of future molecular databases. METHODS: This review consists of 220 studies published prior to 2009 that report the frequency of select dhfr and dhps mutations in 31 African countries. Maps were created to summarize the location and prevalence of the highly resistant dhfr triple mutant ( @entity25396 , @entity25397 , @entity25398 ) genotype and dhps double mutant ( @entity25399 and @entity25400 ) genotype in Africa. A hierarchical mixed effects logistic regression was used to examine the influence of various factors on reported mutant genotype frequency. These factors include: year and location of study, age and clinical status of sampled population, and reporting conventions for mixed genotype data. RESULTS: A database consisting of dhfr and dhps mutant genotype frequencies from all African studies that met selection criteria was created for this analysis. The map illustrates particularly high prevalence of both the dhfr triple and dhps double mutant genotypes along the @entity8668 and Malawi. The regression model shows a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of both the dhfr triple and dhps double mutant genotypes in Africa. CONCLUSION: Increasing prevalence of the dhfr triple mutant and dhps double mutant genotypes in Africa are consistent with the loss of efficacy of SP for treatment of clinical @entity311 in most parts of this continent. Continued assessment of the effectiveness of SP for the treatment of clinical @entity311 and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy is needed. The creation of a centralized resistance data network, such as the one proposed by the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), will become a valuable resource for planning timely actions to combat drug resistant @entity311 .

title: Anti- @entity1501 drug resistance in Africa: meta-analysis of reported @entity9796 reductase (dhfr) and XXXX synthase (dhps) mutant genotype frequencies in African @entity3964 parasite populations.

entities_list: @entity9795 :: ('MESH:C000978', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropteroate']

entities_list: @entity1484 :: ('MESH:C001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['Kenya-Tanzania border']

entities_list: @entity25397 :: ('p|SUB|C|59|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C59R']

entities_list: @entity25396 :: ('p|SUB|N|51|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N51I']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

answer: @entity9795 :: (MESH:C000978,Chemical) :: ['dihydropteroate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sigmoid resection is a feasible and frequent operation for @entity1 who suffer from recurrent @entity4436 . There is still an ongoing debate about the optimal timing for surgery in @entity1 who suffer from recurrent @entity4436 episodes. In elective situations the complication rate for this procedure is moderate, but there are @entity1 at high risk for perioperative complications. The few identified risk factors so far refer to open surgery. Data for the elective laparoscopic approach is rare. The objective of this study was to identify potential predictive risk factors for intra- and @entity260 in @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic sigmoid resection due to @entity66 . METHODS: Uni- and multivariate analyses of a prospectively gathered database (1993-2006) were performed on a consecutive series of 526 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic sigmoid resection due to recurrent @entity4436 in a single institution. @entity1 were assessed for demographic data, operative indications, and intra- and @entity260 . Altogether, we analyzed 17 potential risk factors to identify significant influence on the intra- and postoperative outcome, including timing of surgery. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of specific medical and surgical complications revealed @entity417 , previous @entity583 , @entity712 , experience of the surgeon, and male gender, as independent predictive risk factors for @entity260 . @entity1 older than age 75 years was the only independent risk factor for intraoperative complications in a multiple logistic regression model. Early elective surgery led to increased conversion rate but did not influence the postoperative complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: This large, single-center study provides first evidence of the significance of specific predictive risk factors for intra- and @entity260 in laparoscopic sigmoid resection for @entity66 .

title: Predictive risk factors for intra- and @entity260 in 526 laparoscopic sigmoid resections due to recurrent XXXX : a multivariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: Following five promotional and educational programs on CBS-TV news in Chicago, 54,101 Hemoccult kits were requested by the public and distributed by seven @entity5 detection facilities. Only 14,074 individuals completed the test. Six hundred and seventeen or 4.38% were positive. Two hundred and fifteen test positive @entity1 failed to respond to repeated notification. In 123 positives, diagnostic tests by the private physician were considered incomplete. In 33 positives, the private physician did no further testing at all. In 152 positives, no abnormality could be found, but work-up was variable. One hundred and eighty-seven had @entity5 , including 40 with @entity1127 . Twenty-seven asymptomatic and two symptomatic @entity5 were found. Nearly two-thirds had Dukes A or B lesions, while one-third had Dukes C @entity5 . Public compliance in both completing kits and following through with positive results was low. Physician evaluation of positives was often incomplete. Chemical testing for occult fecal blood, when properly combined with other tests such as proctoscopy, has the potential for lowering mortality from @entity14 . Continued public and professional education is needed.

title: A mass screening program for XXXX using chemical testing for occult blood in the stool.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities other than cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The liver is responsible for drug metabolism and drug-induced hepatotoxicity is the most frequent reason for drug withdrawal, indicating that better pre-clinical @entity137 tests are needed. In order to bypass animal models for @entity137 screening, we exposed primary @entity19 hepatocytes for exploring the prototypical hepatotoxicant @entity205 . To elucidate the mechanisms underlying @entity205 -induced hepatotoxicity, we analyzed expression levels of proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs and metabolites. Integrative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics showed that protein @entity1520 isomerase family A, member 4 was up-regulated on both the protein level and mRNA level. This protein is involved in protein folding and secretion in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the microRNA mmu-miR-182-5p which is predicted to interact with the mRNA of this protein, was also differentially expressed, further emphasizing endoplasmic reticulum stress as important event in drug-induced @entity137 . To further investigate the interaction between the significantly expressed proteins, a network was created including genes and microRNAs known to interact with these proteins and this network was used to visualize the experimental data. In total 6 clusters could be distinguished which appeared to be involved in several @entity137 related processes, including alteration of protein folding and secretion in the endoplasmic reticulum. Metabonomic analyses resulted in 5 differentially expressed metabolites, indicative of an altered @entity413 , lipid and @entity165 homeostasis which can be related to @entity1448 . Single and integrative analyses of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabonomics reveal mechanisms underlying @entity205 -induced @entity1448 demonstrating that endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response are important processes in drug-induced liver @entity137 .

title: Integrative cross-omics analysis in primary @entity19 hepatocytes unravels mechanisms of XXXX -induced hepatotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To record the daily @entity1286 doses, the influence of the treatment on quality of life and the incidence of side-effects and complications of continuous intrathecal @entity1286 administration. SETTING: Academic Hospital, Free University, Amsterdam. DESIGN: Prospective. METHODS: Forty terminal @entity1 with intractable @entity5 , who had either insufficient @entity158 relief or severe side effects from systemic analgesics were selected for continuous intrathecal administration of @entity1286 . An intrathecal catheter was implanted, tunnelled and connected with a portable infusion pump delivering @entity1286 constantly and if needed on demand. In a @entity158 diary the @entity1 recorded: the number of daily doses of @entity1286 , concomitant medication, @entity158 scores on a visual analogue scale (VAS), extra doses and activities. RESULTS: The total number of catheter days was 1486. @entity1 were treated for a mean of 37.2 (range 2-183) days. The mean dose of daily administered @entity1286 was in 30 @entity1 (75%) less than 20 mg. Sufficient @entity158 relief (VAS score < 5) was achieved in 37 @entity1 (92.5%). Three @entity1 had @entity158 due to @entity1745 , hardly responding to intrathecal @entity1286 . @entity3347 , post-puncture @entity10 and leakage of fluid could been treated conservatively. The catheter was removed inadvertently 6 times and could be replaced on outpatient basis. @entity693 occurred in 2 @entity1 , who were adequately treated with antibiotics. The catheter could be re-inserted within 10 days. CONCLUSION: In terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 , the continuous intrathecal administration of @entity1286 may be recommended if conventional @entity158 relief fails.

title: [Continuous intrathecal analgesia in terminal XXXX @entity1 within transmural health care].

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['Withdrawal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Studies on fertility in Africa have known a major paradigm shift when demographic concerns about 'overpopulation' came to be replaced by new ideas about reproductive health, rights, and choices during the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD). Whereas this shift has allowed for more recognition of losses during pregnancy which had been virtually absent in previous demographic accounts of high fertility rates, the new discourse on rights and choices turns most of its attention to induced loss. Losses that spontaneously occur remain merely bound to the medical realm. Yet this paper shows that for many @entity1 in Africa and elsewhere, spontaneous @entity393 is a daily life reality which is inherently related to many social affairs, i.e. life and @entity204 , illness and suffering, marriage and kinship, the body and personhood. The rather reductionist biomedical discourse prevalent in the global health arena largely ignores these themes and social complexities--thus causing a gap between health policies and daily life realities for @entity1 . Drawing on eleven months of anthropological fieldwork in Cameroon in 2004 and 2008, this article explores the way in which socio-cultural insights could contribute to a better understanding of the experiences of @entity1 coping with @entity393 . The notions of 'vital conjunctures' and 'social bodies' will form an alternative approach to decision-making in case of reproductive mishaps. By applying these concepts to the personal story of an informant, their relevance and contribution to an interdisciplinary discussion on the topic become clear. The author argues for an integration of anthropological expertise in international reproductive health debates and explores how interdisciplinary work could make health policies on reproductive loss less marginal than is the case at present.

title: Marginal matters: XXXX as a social event.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['pregnancy loss']


abstract: @entity2724 is characterized by symptoms that include @entity25 during the daytime, @entity2725 , @entity1833 and @entity2726 . We present a single unusual case report of a @entity1 who was admitted to a @entity146 facility. A 20-year-old single @entity1 was hospitalized in a general hospital due to @entity2358 in her limbs. Following complaints of continual daily sleepiness and instances of a loss of muscle tone she was referred for sleep assessment. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity2724 and @entity2725 . Later, due to @entity2167 she was referred to a @entity146 hospital. Her reality judgement was poor, with partial insight regarding her illness. The @entity1 was treated with @entity2727 20 mg/day and antipsychotic medication; @entity1090 of up to 4 mg/day, and @entity903 20 mg/day to prevent @entity2725 . Following further exacerbation, pharmacotherapy was changed to @entity1090 6 mg/day and @entity2728 200 mg/day. This treatment led to a significant improvement in her condition. The report presented here suggests that combined treatment with a psycho-stimulant drug, an SSRI in combination with antipsychotic treatment, may be indicated in @entity2724 with @entity2725 and vivid @entity716 production. Multidisciplinary cooperation of neurologists and psychiatrists enabled this therapy to be administered for the @entity1 's benefit.

title: XXXX and @entity716 states--a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity2726 :: ('MESH:D020188', 'Disease') :: ['sleep paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy', 'Narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hypnagogic hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['modafinil']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['excessive sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['Narcolepsy']


abstract: The diagnosis of near total occlusion of the internal carotid artery was made on a group of 122 @entity1 (90 symptomatic - 32 asymptomatic) by Doppler examination on one hand and carotid phonoangiography and oculoplethysmography, used together, on the other hand. The angiographic examination, including the study of the extra cranial arteries and the intra cerebral vessels, was performed. It has shown that a @entity850 (greater than or equal to 90% of an internal carotid artery was the only lesion on 65 @entity1 (53.3%) and that in 57 cases (46.7%) there were multiple lesions. 96 @entity1 (76 symptomatic - 20 asymptomatic) were operated on. 4 @entity1 (4.2%) died but the mortality was none in the group of 20 asymptomatic @entity1 . 19 @entity1 refused the operation and we have noted 7 occlusions of the internal carotid artery and 2 @entity1 died (10.2%). On 7 @entity1 with a surgical contra indication we have noted 1 secondary occlusion. We have to consider a near total occlusion of the internal carotid artery as an emergency. Its diagnosis by non invasive techniques must be followed by heparin therapy and angiographic examination. The carotid endarterectomy will respect the external carotid artery patency.

title: [Pre-occlusive XXXX of the internal carotid artery. Haemodynamic study by Doppler effect, phonoangiography-oculoplethysmography and arteriography (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the endoscopic manifestations and prognoses of gastrointestinal (GI) @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ). METHODS: A database search at the Department of Pathology of Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences revealed 57 @entity1073 @entity1 with @entity344 . Clinical records were available for 35 of the 57 @entity1 from 21 institutions, and those 35 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. We summarized the gross types of endoscopic features, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) of those @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 35 @entity1 , @entity344 in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum was found in 2 (5.7%), 26 (74.3%), and 12 (34.3%) @entity1 , respectively. Twenty-one of the 35 @entity1 underwent colonoscopy; among them, @entity344 in the ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum was found in 10 (47.6%), 3 (14.3%), 12 (57.1%), and 10 (47.6%), respectively. Various lesions, such as superficial, protruded, fold thickening, or ulcerative, were found in the stomach, whereas @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) was dominant from the duodenum to the rectum. Twelve @entity1 were treated with a hyper-CVAD/MA regimen, and they had better OS (3-year rate, 88.3% vs 46.4%, P < 0.01) and better EFS (3-year rate, 66.7% vs 33.8%, P < 0.05) than the remaining 23 @entity1 who were not treated with this regimen. CONCLUSION: @entity1412 was a representative form of intestinal involvement, whereas a variety of lesions were found in the stomach. The hyper-CVAD/MA regimen may improve survival in these @entity1 .

title: Endoscopic features and prognoses of @entity1073 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI involvement']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lymphomatous polyposis', 'MLP']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal involvement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The profile of lipoprotein expression in plasma is altered by surgical stress. The role of total @entity165 in postsurgical @entity1 with @entity580 remains unknown. METHODS: We validated the data from 1,031 @entity1 undergoing open gastrointestinal surgery between December 2006 and November 2008 using a clinical database available from Iizuka Hospital. Biochemical parameters related to plasma total @entity165 were measured. Various parameters predictive of the conditions--e.g., surgical @entity281 , organ space @entity281 , @entity55 within 30 days after surgery--were assessed by multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The most frequent @entity281 was surgical @entity281 . Serum total @entity165 levels-(1) lowest quartile (<159 mg/dl) vs. reference (200-239 mg/dl): adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.28-12.76; (2) second lowest quartile (160-199 mg/dl) vs. reference: OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.01-7.53-showed a significant inverse relation with surgical @entity281 . Both lowest and highest total @entity165 levels were associated with a higher risk of surgical @entity281 . None of the @entity1 with high (> or =200 mg/dl) total @entity165 levels suffered from @entity55 . CONCLUSIONS: Total @entity165 levels appeared to be one of the risk factors for surgical @entity281 and @entity55 . @entity1 with borderline blood @entity165 levels (200-239 mg/dl) seemed to be the best candidates for operation.

title: Serum total @entity165 in XXXX after gastrointestinal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'incisional infection and organ space infection', 'incisional infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity1893 (stages I and II) received intermediate doses of oral @entity1499 followed by leucovorin @entity460 every four weeks, on days 1 and 8, followed on day 15 by intravenous @entity786 and @entity1891 . @entity229 was given for four weeks on alternate courses of treatment. A total of six such four-week courses was planned. Involved-field radiation (3000 or 3600 rad [30 or 36 Gy]) was given between three courses of chemotherapy to 18 @entity1 who presented with @entity5 exceeding 7 cm in greatest diameter and who had responded to the initial chemotherapy. On completion of treatment, 27 @entity1 (82%) were in complete remission; all the failures were in @entity1 with large intra-abdominal masses. The presence of high @entity880 dehydrogenase levels, large @entity5 size, and age over 60 years had a suggestive negative correlation with the achievement of complete remission. The median follow-up was 26 months (range, ten to 59 months). At 48 months, the actuarial disease-free survival, remission duration, and overall survival were 53%, 72%, and 68% respectively. No deaths from toxic effects and no septic episodes were observed during treatment. The complete remission rate achieved with this program is comparable with those of other intensive programs of treatment reported previously.

title: Primary chemotherapy for localized XXXX with diffuse histologic characteristics. Preliminary report of a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Multicolumn @entity602 ( @entity602 ) is now considered to be effective for the treatment of the @entity615 in refractory @entity11252 ( @entity11252 ) @entity1 . The relationship between the paresthesia coverage of the back and clinical outcomes has recently been confirmed by an international prospective study. However, significant disparities in outcomes were identified and could result from the heterogeneity of lead implantation parameters which are dependant on local practices and experience. We therefore sought to analyse the impact of lead implantation level and its lateralization on the ability to address @entity615 with multicolumn @entity602 leads. STUDY OBJECTIVES, MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a retrospective subgroup analysis from an observational, prospective non-randomized trial that included 76 @entity1 with refractory @entity11252 , implanted with multicolumn @entity602 between 2008 to 2011 in three @entity158 centres (Poitiers, France, Montreal, Canada and Regina, Canada). A subgroup of 21 @entity1 with "optimized lead positioning" ( @entity10108 ) was identified, distinguished from the rest of the main study population (NON @entity10108 subgroup; n=51) and submitted to specific data analysis. Baseline characteristics of both groups were strictly comparable. Our primary objective was to analyse the impact of lead positioning (vertebral level and lateralization) on the back paresthesia coverage. The secondary objectives were to compare the analgesic and functional efficacy of multicolumn stimulation in these @entity10108 and NON @entity10108 subgroups and to determine if a paresthesia coverage improvement leads to better clinical outcomes in these difficult-to-treat @entity1 . RESULTS: In this subgroup analysis, unilateral coverage of the low back area was achieved in 85.0% of @entity10108 @entity1 vs. 76.5% in the NON @entity10108 group. Bilateral and complete coverage of the low back area was achieved in 60% of @entity10108 @entity1 vs. 51% in the NON @entity10108 group but these differences were not statistically significant. At 6months, 81.0% of @entity10108 @entity1 vs. 69.4% in the NON @entity10108 group presented at least 30% improvement of the low back VAS, while 52.4% of them achieved at least 50% improvement of the low back VAS vs. 38.8% in the NON @entity10108 group. Functional improvement at 6months, available and calculated only in the French group of @entity10108 @entity1 (n=14) by the @entity717 Index, was significant, decreasing from 60.67% to 33.43%. CONCLUSION: Despite limitations in this retrospective subgroup analysis, this study suggests that the vertebral level (T8-T9) and midline positioning of the lead during implantation could be decisive factors to optimize paresthesia coverage and finally, clinical and functional outcomes. While sophistication has been responsible for an increase of the size and the programming possibilities of surgical @entity602 leads during the past years, multicolumn @entity602 lead implantation should in fact be considered as a "functional neurosurgical" procedure and could benefit from intraoperative @entity1 cooperation, as in the case for deep brain stimulation procedures, due to minimally invasive implantation techniques.

title: The Franco-Canadian multicolumn XXXX prospective study: a subgroup analysis focusing on the decisive role of lead positioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['radicular and back component', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['FBSS', 'Failed Back Surgery Syndrome']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord stimulation']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 concomitantly poisoned with @entity1042 are described. Their whole blood @entity1042 concentration ranged from 137.2 mmol/l (4.39 g/l) to 7.4 mmol/l (0.24 g/l). The clinical course in most @entity1 was mild, which was attributed to the concomitant and subsequent @entity1068 ingestion and rapid transport to dialysing units. One @entity1 suffered permanent @entity227 while the others recovered completely. Symptoms of @entity4968 were most clearly correlated to the degree of @entity520 . All @entity1 were hemodialysed. In two @entity1 the average dialysator clearance of @entity1042 was 157 and 176 ml/min at blood flows of 200 and 215 ml/min, respectively. In the same @entity1 the average dialysator clearance of @entity1068 was 149 and 164 ml/min. Assuming a volume of distribution of @entity1042 of 0.7 l/kg, the dialysator represented about 89 and 95%, respectively, of the total body clearance of @entity1042 during @entity1068 therapy. @entity1068 in concentrations even lower than usually recommended may be useful as the only treatment of @entity1 with blood @entity1042 concentrations up to 15 mmol/l (0.5 g/l), provided there is no @entity520 or @entity227 .

title: Studies on @entity1042 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment of one eye', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis', 'acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: Cognitive biases have been theorized to play a critical role in the onset and maintenance of @entity148 and @entity308 . @entity73 ( @entity73 ), an experimental paradigm that uses training to induce maladaptive or adaptive cognitive biases, was developed to test these causal models. Although @entity73 has generated considerable interest in the past decade, both as an experimental paradigm and as a form of treatment, there have been no quantitative reviews of the effect of @entity73 on @entity148 and @entity308 . This meta-analysis of 45 studies (2,591 @entity1 ) assessed the effect of @entity73 on cognitive biases and on @entity148 and @entity308 . @entity73 had a medium effect on biases (g = 0.49) that was stronger for interpretation (g = 0.81) than for attention (g = 0.29) biases. @entity73 further had a small effect on @entity148 and @entity308 (g = 0.13), although this effect was reliable only when symptoms were assessed after @entity1 experienced a stressor (g = 0.23). When @entity148 and @entity308 were examined separately, @entity73 significantly modified @entity148 but not @entity308 . There was a nonsignificant trend toward a larger effect for studies including multiple training sessions. These findings are broadly consistent with cognitive theories of @entity148 and @entity308 that propose an interactive effect of cognitive biases and stressors on these symptoms. However, the small effect sizes observed here suggest that this effect may be more modest than previously believed.

title: A meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive bias modification on XXXX and @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['CBM', 'Cognitive bias modification']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand the experiences and support needs of @entity1 with advanced @entity409 and those of their lay and professional carers to inform improvements in the supportive and palliative care of this rapidly growing but currently neglected @entity1 group. DESIGN: Multiperspective, serial interviews. We conducted up to three qualitative in-depth interviews with each @entity1 and lay carer over 12   months and single interviews with case-linked healthcare professionals. Data were analysed using grounded theory techniques. @entity1 : @entity1 with advanced @entity409 of diverse aetiologies recruited from an inpatient hepatology ward, and their lay carers and case-linked healthcare professionals nominated by the @entity1 . SETTING: Primary and secondary care in South-East Scotland. RESULTS: 37 @entity1 (15 @entity1 , 11 lay and 11 professional carers) completed 51 individual and 13 joint @entity1 -carer interviews. Nine @entity1 died during the study. Uncertainty dominated experiences throughout the course of the illness, across @entity1 ' considerable physical, psychological, social and existential needs and affected @entity1 , lay carers and professionals. This related to the nature of the condition, the unpredictability of physical deterioration and prognosis, poor communication and information-sharing, and complexities of care. The pervasive uncertainty also shaped @entity1 ' and lay carers' strategies for coping and impeded care planning. While @entity1 ' acute medical care was usually well coordinated, their ongoing care lacked structure and focus. CONCLUSIONS: Living, dying and caring in advanced @entity409 is dominated by pervasive, enduring and universally shared uncertainty. In the face of high levels of multidimensional @entity1 distress, professionals must acknowledge this uncertainty in constructive ways that value its contribution to the @entity1 's coping approach. Pervasive uncertainty makes anticipatory care planning in advanced @entity409 challenging, but planning 'just in case' is vital to ensure that @entity1 receive timely and appropriate supportive and palliative care alongside effective management of this unpredictable illness.

title: Managing uncertainty in advanced XXXX : a qualitative, multiperspective, serial interview study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']