abstract: A simple and sensitive GC-EI-MS method using solvent extraction and evaporation was developed for the determination of @entity1037 concentrations in plasma samples. Because @entity1037 and @entity1038 , which was used as the internal standard (IS), are nitrogenous bases, they can adsorb to the weakly acidic @entity1039 groups on the surfaces of glass centrifuge tubes during solvent extraction and evaporation. Silylation of the glass tubes, addition of @entity1040 ( @entity1041 ), and use of a sample solution with a basic pH could prevent adsorption loss. The extraction method involved mixing plasma (500  L) in a silylated glass tube with a @entity1038 solution (2  g/mL, 25  L) in @entity1042 containing 1% @entity1041 . After addition of aqueous @entity1043 (0.5 mol/L, pH 11.1, 1 mL) and extraction into 3 mL of @entity1044 / @entity1045 (1:1, v/v) containing 1% @entity1041 , the organic phase was evaporated to dryness in a silylated glass tube. The residue was dissolved in @entity1046 containing 1% @entity1041 (50  L). For GC-EI-MS analysis, the calibration curves of @entity1037 in @entity1 plasma were linear from 0.5 to 100 ng/mL. Intra- and interday precisions in plasma were both less than 7.36% (coefficient of variation), and the accuracy was between 94.6 and 110% for solutions with concentrations greater than 0.5 ng/mL. The limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL in plasma. The assay was applied to therapeutic drug monitoring in samples from three @entity161 @entity1 .

title: Development and validation of a GC-EI-MS method with reduced adsorption loss for the quantification of @entity1037 in XXXX plasma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity1040 :: ('MESH:C016162', 'Chemical') :: ['triethylamine']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity1043 :: ('MESH:C005686', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1038 :: ('MESH:D011395', 'Chemical') :: ['promazine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Induction of @entity1457 /stress proteins is a key feature of a universal mechanism of cellular defence to injury known as the "stress response". The present study investigated whether @entity1457 protein expression correlates with the extent of @entity528 inflicted by increasingly intense @entity410 activity. @entity302 was elicited by injecting intraperitoneally 8, 10 or 12 mg/kg @entity4176 in adult @entity35 , resulting in graded degrees of @entity410 intensity and duration that closely correlated with the respective dose. Stress protein expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis of microdissected brain areas with specific antibodies directed against representative members of three major classes of stress proteins, i.e. @entity1457 protein 72, @entity1457 protein 90 and @entity1457 protein 27, respectively. @entity1457 protein 72 was absent in the brains of control animals, but markedly induced after limbic @entity410 in neurons of the limbic system, cortex, striatum and thalamus, with peak levels at 24 h. An increasing degree of @entity410 intensity caused a graded increase of @entity1457 protein 72 levels with a sequence reflecting the rank order of @entity4176 susceptible hippocampal subpopulations. In contrast to @entity1457 protein 72, @entity1457 protein 90 was markedly expressed and equally abundant in all brain areas of untreated control animals and at any time point investigated following limbic @entity410 . @entity1457 protein 27 was not detected in the brain of untreated animals nor following @entity302 . The present investigations demonstrate that the induction threshold of @entity1457 protein 72 in specific neuronal subpopulations clearly correlates with @entity410 intensity and duration. In addition, our experiments also define a narrow range of @entity1457 protein 72 expression with an upper limit beyond which @entity1457 protein 72 synthesis sharply declines. These findings reflect the risk of hippocampal neurons to undergo limbic @entity410 induced @entity528 . It remains to be determined whether @entity1457 protein 72 expression is only a valuable marker for reversible @entity528 or actually confers a neuroprotective effect.

title: Correlation between @entity410 intensity and stress protein expression after limbic @entity302 in the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Limbic epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury', 'neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of @entity1 receiving combined-modality @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) vs. other approaches for early-stage @entity978 ( @entity978 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A review of @entity1 with nonbulky, early-stage (IA/IIA) @entity978 treated between 1984 and 2002 was performed to determine the treatment approaches used and the outcomes obtained. RESULTS: There were 173 adult @entity1 with newly diagnosed early-stage @entity978 (49% @entity1 , 51% @entity1 , median age 33 [range 17-82] years). Treatment was as follows: extended-field radiotherapy alone (EFRT) 49%; chemotherapy alone (CTA) 13%; and @entity1161 38%. Among @entity1161 @entity1 , 36% received abbreviated @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 , and @entity2699 chemotherapy (three to four cycles) followed by involved-field radiotherapy. With a median follow-up of 8.3 years, the estimated 10-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates for the entire cohort were 78% and 85%, respectively. The 10-year RFS and @entity1349 rates for the various groups were as follows: 69% and 81% for EFRT; 78% and 84% for CTA; and 87% and 89% for @entity1161 . The 10-year RFS rate was significantly higher (p < 0.01) among @entity1161 @entity1 . The use of EFRT has diminished from approximately 90% in the 1980s to virtually no use at present, whereas the use of CTA and @entity1161 has increased significantly (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Early-stage @entity978 treatment has changed dramatically over the past 2 decades, and our results support the superiority and continued use of @entity1161 , specifically abbreviated-course chemotherapy and involved-field radiotherapy, as an appropriate treatment approach.

title: Comparison of favorable early-stage XXXX treatments: a single-institution review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'chemotherapy and radiation']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', "Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of early @entity356 is effective and avoids the morbidity and mortality of surgery. We report the long-term results of a consecutive series of 93 endoscopic resections, during a 7-year period, in a U.K. population. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity1 with 93 lesions were included. EMR was performed for 64 and 29 malignant and benign lesions, respectively. @entity1 with @entity5 were subgrouped into "high risk" or "low risk" for recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 35 lesions in the low-risk group, local control was achieved in 31; 29 after 1 EMR session. Two had residual @entity189 , one had treatment ceased due to @entity788 , and one @entity1 did not attend follow-up. Of the 29 lesions in the high-risk group, local control was achieved in 15; 13 after 1 EMR session. Median follow-up was 53 months. Cancer specific survival for the 45 invasive @entity5 (T1m and T1sm) was 93%; three @entity1 died from their disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown for the first time in a U.K. population that EMR is effective in controlling disease in @entity1 with local @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and early @entity189 , with no mortality and low morbidity.

title: Endoscopic mucosal resection for XXXX in a U.K. population. Long-term follow-up of a consecutive series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and esophageal tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal cancer']


abstract: @entity5426 is a very rare but aggressive @entity5 . @entity5426 of the scalp is very rare, and a review of the world literature revealed less than 60 cases. Here, the author reports a case of poorly differentiated @entity5426 . The pathological diagnosis was very difficult. A 70-year-old Japanase @entity1 was admitted to our hospital complaining of red mass of the scalp. An excisional biopsy was done. The biopsy showed proliferation of malignant spindle cells in the dermis. Apparent differentiation was not recognized. Invasion into the lateral dermis and subcutis was recognized. There were many mitotic figures and a few foci of @entity39 . The size was 2 x 2 x 3 cm. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles were recognized in the @entity5 cells in some places. A few vague vasoformative features were recognized in one very small area. Immunohistochemically, the malignant spindle cells were positive for factor VIII-related antigen (F-VIII-RA), Ulex lectin, @entity2279 , @entity2280 , @entity2277 , @entity876 protein. The Ki-67 labeling was 76%. In contrast, the @entity5 cells were negative for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, @entity2283 , @entity2281 protein, alpha-smooth muscle antigen, @entity588 , melanosome, and myoglobin. The intracytoplasmic vacuoles were strongly positive for F-VIII-RA, Ulex lectin, @entity2279 , and @entity2280 , The abortive vasoformative channels were moderately positive for these endothelial markers. A pathologic diagnosis of @entity5426 was made. Chemoradiation and immunotherapy were performed. However, the @entity5 recurred several times, and ultimately metastasized to the systemic bones and lungs. The @entity1 died of systemic @entity189 33 months after the first manifestation.

title: Fatal poorly differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['Angiosarcoma', 'Cutaneous angiosarcoma', 'angiosarcoma of the scalp']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['angiosarcoma of the scalp']


abstract: @entity375 suffers from a variety of environmental stresses, such as osmotic pressure and @entity1068 produced during fermentation. Since @entity460 ions are protective for high concentrations of @entity1068 , we investigated whether @entity141 flux occurs in response to @entity1068 stress. We find that exposure of @entity375 to @entity1068 induces a rise in the cytoplasmic concentration of @entity141 . The response is enhanced in cells shifted to high-osmotic media containing @entity1521 , @entity3649 , @entity5121 , or @entity2656 . Suspension of cells in @entity1521 and @entity3649 -containing media increases the @entity141 levels in the cytoplasm independent of @entity1068 exposure. The enhanced ability for @entity1068 to induce @entity141 flux after the hypertonic shift is transient, decreasing rapidly over a period of seconds to minutes. There is partial recovery of the response after zymolyase treatment, suggesting that cell wall integrity affects the @entity1068 -induced @entity141 flux. @entity598 inhibits the @entity141 accumulation elicited by the @entity1068 /osmotic stress. The @entity141 flux is primarily via the @entity17124 @entity141 influx channel because strains carrying deletions of the @entity17124 and @entity17125 genes show greater than 90% reduction in @entity141 flux. Furthermore, a functional @entity17124 channel reduced growth inhibition by @entity1068 .

title: XXXX induces @entity460 influx via the @entity17124 - @entity17125 transporter in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetate']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: Plasmid elimination in @entity526 by a quaternary @entity6115 of @entity2644 was demonstrated on different incompatibility groups of plasmid. The biological effect of the drug depends partly on the host bacteria and partly on the plasmid itself. Various receptor substrates such as @entity859 , @entity935 , @entity112 and @entity1063 do not alter the plasmid elimination by @entity4489 and @entity2645 . None of the known drug-receptors studied are involved in drug binding of the bacteria. The direct membrane action of @entity2645 and @entity4489 was demonstrated in electron microscopic studies and alterations in the bacterial membrane such as discontinuities, phase separation or rarely extensive lytic alterations were observed. @entity1760 ions prevent the ultrastructural membrane alterations caused by @entity2645 and @entity4489 . There is some evidence that the drugs bind to two different receptor sites simultaneously on the plasmid replication site. The first and strongest binding has to be ionic through the side chain @entity1472 group, displacing the bivalent cations. In turn, the two aromatic rings of the fixed (ionically bound) drug molecules bind weakly through pi-electrons, hydrophobically or by a charge transfer complex. This weaker binding together with the ionic one are essential for biologic action and lead to the inhibition of plasmid replication. A schematic model of the effect of tricyclic psychotropic drugs on the bacterial membrane is proposed.

title: Drug-receptor interaction on plasmid elimination by phenothiazines and XXXX in @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium']

answer: @entity2645 :: (MESH:D007099,Chemical) :: ['imipramine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 exacerbations requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission have a major impact on morbidity and mortality. Only 10%-25% of @entity1030 exacerbations are eosinophilic. AIM: To assess whether eosinophilic @entity1030 exacerbations have better outcomes than non-eosinophilic @entity1030 exacerbations in the ICU. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in a thoracic, surgery-level III respiratory ICU of a tertiary teaching hospital for @entity764 from 2013 to 2014. Subjects previously diagnosed with @entity1030 and who were admitted to the ICU with @entity1576 were included. Data were collected electronically from the hospital database. Subjects' characteristics, complete blood count parameters, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), delta NLR (admission minus discharge), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) on admission to and discharge from ICU, length of ICU stay, and mortality were recorded. @entity1030 subjects were grouped according to eosinophil levels (>2% or  <=2%) (group 1, eosinophilic; group 2, non-eosinophilic). These groups were compared with the recorded data. RESULTS: Over the study period, 647 eligible @entity1030 subjects were enrolled (62 [40.3% female] in group 1 and 585 [33.5% female] in group 2). Group 2 had significantly higher @entity1851 , neutrophils, NLR, delta NLR, and hemoglobin, but a lower lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet count than group 1, on admission to and discharge from the ICU. Median (interquartile range) length of ICU stay and mortality in the ICU in groups 1 and 2 were 4 days (2-7 days) vs 6 days (3-9 days) (P<0.002), and 12.9% vs 24.9% (P<0.034), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1030 exacerbations with @entity1576 requiring ICU admission had a better outcome with a peripheral eosinophil level >2%. NLR and peripheral @entity1712 may be helpful indicators for @entity479 and antibiotic management.

title: Does XXXX have a better patient outcome than non-eosinophilic in the intensive care unit?

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic COPD exacerbation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A single base change within the @entity21378 gene has been associated with @entity21379 leventinese and @entity21379 , two @entity74 with early onset drusen. The aim of this study was to determine whether the same disease allele was also associated with other forms of early onset drusen or familial cases of age-related @entity1020 . METHODS: Thirteen index cases of early onset drusen together with 15 other family members were examined. In addition, 54 familial cases of age-related @entity1020 were examined. Blood was taken for DNA analysis and screened for the @entity21380 disease-associated allele of the @entity21378 gene. Twenty-four cases of @entity21379 leventinese or @entity21379 were also screened as positive controls. Another 150 ethnicity- and age-matched individuals acted as controls. RESULTS: The @entity21380 disease-associated allele in the @entity21378 gene was confirmed in individuals with @entity21379 leventinese and @entity21379 . However, involvement of this allele was not evident in either early onset drusen or familial age-related @entity1020 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity21380 disease-associated allele of the @entity21378 gene does not appear to be associated with cases of early onset drusen that fall outside the diagnosis of @entity21379 leventinese or @entity21379 , nor does it appear to play a role in familial age-related @entity1020 . These findings do not exclude the involvement of other alleles of the @entity21378 gene in either phenotype. The genetic mechanisms involved in the heterogeneous group of early onset drusen remain to be elucidated but should lead to insights into the genetic causes of @entity1020 .

title: Analysis of the @entity21380 disease-associated allele of the XXXX gene in individuals with early onset drusen or familial age-related @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity21380 :: ('p|SUB|R|345|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg345Trp']

entities_list: @entity21379 :: ('MESH:C535602', 'Disease') :: ['malattia', 'Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dominantly inherited macular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration', 'macular diseases']

answer: @entity21378 :: (2202,Gene) :: ['EFEMP1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing concern that prenatal exposure to @entity8241  (BPA) and @entity5600 , which are widely used in consumer products, might affect susceptibility to infections and the development of @entity566 and @entity565 in @entity1 , but there are currently very few prospective studies. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate whether prenatal exposure to BPA and @entity5600 increases the risk of respiratory and allergic outcomes in @entity1 at various ages from birth to 7 years. METHODS: We measured BPA and metabolites of high-molecular-weight @entity5600 , 4 @entity5248 ( @entity5248 ) metabolites (  4DEHP) and @entity5245 (MBzP), and 3 low-molecular-weight @entity5244 (LMWP) metabolites (  3LMWP) in urine samples collected during the first and third trimesters in pregnant @entity1 participating in the Infancia y Medio Ambiente-Sabadell birth cohort study. The occurrence of @entity5837 , @entity3617 , wheeze, and @entity484 in @entity1 was assessed at ages 6 and 14 months and 4 and 7 years through questionnaires given to the mothers. Atopy (specific IgE measurement) and @entity565 (questionnaire) were assessed at ages 4 and 7 years, respectively. RESULTS: The relative risks (RRs) of wheeze (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.40; P  = .02), @entity5837 (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32; P  = .05), and @entity3617 (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37; P  = .04) at any age increased for each doubling in concentration of maternal urinary BPA.   4DEHP metabolites were associated with the same outcomes (wheeze: RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50, P  = .02; @entity5837 : RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.97-1.35; P  = .11; @entity3617 : RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01-1.43; P  = .04). MBzP was associated with higher risk of wheeze (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.33; P  = .05). The risk of @entity565 at age 7 years was also increased with increasing prenatal BPA,   4DEHP, and MBzP exposure. There were no other exposure-outcome associations. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to BPA and high-molecular-weight @entity5600 might increase the risk of @entity565 symptoms and @entity1729 throughout childhood.

title: Prenatal exposure to XXXX  and @entity5600 and childhood @entity1729 and @entity566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity5245 :: ('MESH:C103325', 'Chemical') :: ['mono-benzyl phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate', 'DEHP']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest infections']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalates']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity8241 :: ('MESH:C006780', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphenol A']

answer: @entity8241 :: (MESH:C006780,Chemical) :: ['bisphenol A']


abstract: A one-year-old female neutered beagle was presented with marked abdominal effusion. Echocardiography showed marked dilatation of the right cardiac chambers, an @entity118 and severe @entity997 . Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP), evaluated by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography, was very high (80 mmHg), with a right to left interatrial shunt. The radiographic images were compatible with widespread @entity55 . Numerous larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum were visible on direct faecal examination. The animal was given @entity18172 for 15 days, combined with diuretics, an antibiotic and a vasodilator. Two weeks later, the @entity235 showed a marked improvement. The treatment, except the anthelmintic, was continued for seven weeks and then stopped. At that stage, Doppler echocardiography revealed that the sPAP had returned to normal (20 mmHg) and the interatrial shunt had reversed (left to right). Eighteen months later, clinical and Doppler echocardiographic examinations were normal.

title: Reversible pulmonary hypertension presenting simultaneously with an XXXX and angiostrongylosis in a @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity18172 :: ('MESH:D005273', 'Chemical') :: ['fenbendazole']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: @entity2910 rarely involves life-threatening complications, such as @entity39 , perforation, or @entity292 formation between the esophagus and the airway. We herein report a case of @entity2910 complicated by esophagobronchial and esophagopulmonary fistulas. The @entity1 in our study was a 70-year-old @entity1 with a 3-month history of @entity1282 . Based on endoscopy and histological findings, he was diagnosed with a @entity778 . Antifungal and antiviral therapy was administered without success. The esophagopulmonary @entity292 formation and a @entity1997 were identified 7 months later. The @entity1 was deemed intolerable to an esophagectomy due to his poor general condition, thus necessitating a two-stage operation. A cervical esophagostomy and a tube drainage of the thoracic esophagus were followed by an esophageal bypass using the pedicled jejunum via an antethoracic route. Although the @entity1997 resolved, the @entity32 of the esophagus persisted. A @entity292 between the esophagus and the left main bronchus eventually formed postoperatively and the @entity1 died due to @entity1576 .

title: XXXX complicated by an esophago-airway @entity292 : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['coinfection of Candida spp. and herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['lung abscess']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['Candida esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['Candida esophagitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present experience with the percutaneous management of iatrogenic @entity1901 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 and six @entity1 with a mean age of 59.3 years (range 33-80 years) received a diagnosis of @entity1901 sustained during gynecologic, urologic, and general surgical procedures. In a total of 25 injured ureters, 12 had interruption of continuity of their lumen, 10 were associated with contrast extravasation, and 3 were related to both. A standard percutaneous nephrostomy tract was established on the side of the afflicted kidney. Combined use of hydrophilic guidewires and balloon dilations were performed to achieve antegrade recanalization of the @entity1901 . Then, a ureteral stent was inserted to assure patency. RESULTS: Average stricture length was 1.21 (range 0.5-1.9 cm). Success of the aforementioned technique was possible in 18 ureters. Successful management in one session took place in 14 ureters. Average hospitalization time was 1.8 days (range 0-5 d). The follow-up period ranged between 12 and 18 months, with mean follow-up time of 12.9 months. Ureteral patency was evident at 1 week follow-up in six @entity1 with obstructed ureters. In the remaining @entity1 , balloon dilation of the stricture was repeated, and another stent was placed. Extravasation of contrast was observed in two @entity1 with extravasating ureters in the same period. Nephrostomy tubes were removed after a mean indwelling period of 5.9 weeks (range 1-12 wks). Two @entity1 treated by the described method died during their hospitalization in the intensive care unit because of @entity295 from @entity298 that was related to @entity1049 and multiple concomitant injuries. Major complications were not observed in the remaining 22 @entity1 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The minimally invasive management of @entity1901 is a safe and efficient method for both @entity1695 in a wide range of iatrogenic @entity1901 .

title: Percutaneous minimally invasive management of iatrogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral injuries', 'ureteral injury', 'ureteral lesion']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction and/or laceration']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon injury']

answer: @entity1901 :: (MESH:D014515,Disease) :: ['ureteral injuries']


abstract: Alternative splicing is a key molecular mechanism for increasing the complexity of the @entity1 transcriptome. Nearly all @entity1 genes are regulated by alternative splicing and the deregulation of this process has a causative role in various @entity1 diseases, including @entity5 . The discovery that alternatively spliced isoforms of several genes are expressed selectively in @entity5 cells opened the exciting possibility that pharmacological treatment of aberrant splicing could lead to new anti- @entity5 therapeutic approaches. An alternatively spliced isoform of a scatter factor receptor and proto-oncogene, @entity7277 , accumulates during @entity5 progression of epithelial tissues and is able to confer an invasive phenotype to the expressing cells. This isoform, called /\ @entity7277 , originates from skipping of exon 11, and this specific splicing event is controlled by the expression level of the splicing factor and proto-oncogene @entity19593 / @entity19593 . Over-expression of @entity19593 / @entity19593 , which occurs frequently in various @entity1 @entity5 , induces the production of /\ @entity7277 and activates the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading to increased cell motility. In this paper, we have used targeted oligonucleotide enhancers of splicing (TOES) to recruit positive splicing factors to @entity7277 exon 11 and thereby stimulate its inclusion. As an alternative approach, we have used selected @entity104 derivatives that target @entity19593 splicing activity. Both treatments correct aberrant /\ @entity7277 splicing, restoring the incorporation of @entity7277 exon 11. Notably, @entity104 derivatives are also able to affect the invasive phenotype of the cells. Thus, these treatments may have therapeutic applications for anti- @entity5 purposes.

title: Pro-metastatic splicing of @entity7277 proto-oncogene mRNA can be reversed: therapeutic potential of bifunctional oligonucleotides and XXXX derivatives.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity104 :: (MESH:C030374,Chemical) :: ['indole']


abstract: The topical administration of chemotherapeutics is a promising approach for the treatment of @entity1489 ; however, different pharmaceutical strategies are required to allow large amounts of drug to penetrate @entity5 . This work examined the potential of the anodic iontophoresis of @entity632 -loaded cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (DOX-SLN) to increase the distribution and @entity5 penetration of @entity3105 . A double-labeled cationic @entity3105 -SLN composed of the lipids @entity3106 and @entity3107 and a new @entity3108 dye was prepared and characterized. The skin distribution and penetration of @entity3105 were evaluated in vitro using confocal microscopy and vertical diffusion cells, respectively. The antitumor potential was evaluated in vivo through the anodic iontophoresis of DOX-SLN in @entity957 induced in nude BALB/c @entity19 . The encapsulation of @entity3105 drastically altered the @entity3105 partition coefficient and increased the distribution of @entity3105 in the lipid matrix of the stratum corneum (SC). The association with iontophoresis created high-concentration drug reservoir zones in the follicles of the skin. Although the iontophoresis of a @entity3105 solution increased the penetration of @entity3105 in the viable epidermis by approximately 4-fold, the iontophoresis of cationic DOX-SLN increased the @entity3105 penetration by approximately 50-fold. In vivo, the DOX-SLN iontophoretic treatment was effective in inhibiting @entity5 cell survival and @entity5 growth and was accompanied by an increase in keratinization and consequent cell death. These results indicate a strong and synergic effect of iontophoresis with DOX-SLN and provide a potential strategy for the treatment of @entity1489 .

title: Topical @entity1489 Therapy Using XXXX -Loaded Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles and lontophoresis.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3107 :: ('MESH:C005953', 'Chemical') :: ['monoolein']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: Studies confirming a possible relationship of @entity6558 within @entity1374 , either @entity1375 or @entity1378 , are hardly available. To define the association, identify clinical, laboratory, electromyographic, and pathologic features in @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ) @entity1 with @entity1375 or @entity1378 , we conducted a MEDLINE and Chinese biomedicine database search to identify relevant literature published in the past 25  years. Seventeen cases were included. All @entity1 were female (10 @entity1375 @entity1 , seven @entity1378 @entity1 ). The mean (SD) age of @entity6558 , @entity1375 , and @entity1378 at diagnosis was 54.8 (16.7), 55.5 (16.5), and 32.7  years (10.2), respectively. @entity6558 diagnosis can precede or parallel @entity1375 while @entity6558 may occur following the diagnosis of @entity1378 . The most common comorbidities were @entity5 in these disorders, @entity704 , @entity694 , and @entity259 . @entity425 was described in 100% of @entity1 . Other common manifestations included muscles' @entity194 and @entity158 , @entity4841 , and @entity1282 . Most @entity1 had markedly elevated @entity908 kinase and the presence of anti- @entity10632 A (SSA) antibodies was also found in two cases. Malignancy associated with @entity6558 may more frequently occur in @entity1375 than in @entity1378 . The abnormalities on electromyography and biopsy did not differ from those findings of @entity6558 . Therapy consisting of corticosteroids, thyroid hormone, or anti-thyroid drugs was administrated; however, poor prognosis seemed to be associated with @entity5 as well as older age and the presence of anti-SSA antibodies. It is reasonable to suggest that those @entity1 should be routinely evaluated for thyroid function, especially in older female and @entity1 suffering from @entity5 .

title: @entity6558 associated with @entity1375 or XXXX : two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['including thymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, deep tendon reflexes']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthralgia']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity5 are at a high risk of @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ), which contributes to morbidity and mortality. Several case reports of @entity1031 have been reported in @entity1 with @entity320 in the literature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in @entity320 and determine risk factors, outcomes associated with the development of @entity1211 and the number of @entity548 in patients under anti-coagulant treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we included all consecutive @entity1 with @entity320 among 290 @entity1 followed-up in the department of Dermatology each year between January 2005 and 31 December 2007. The diagnosis of @entity1211 was confirmed by venous ultrasound, pulmonary perfusion-ventilation technetium scan and angiography. The primary outcome was to evaluate the number of @entity1031 diagnosed in @entity320 @entity1 . The secondary outcomes were to study the influence of @entity1031 on survival, its prevalence according to metastatic sites and to evaluate the number of @entity548 . RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1211 events were found [25.2% (CI: 16.5-34)]. Eighteen @entity1211 were @entity1150 in lower limbs associated with @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) in 50% of cases. Twenty-five percent were asymptomatic and were revealed in the pulmonary scan performed for follow-up. Eight percent of @entity1211 events revealed @entity320 . Seventeen @entity1 developed @entity715 at home after stopping heparin prophylaxis. Seven @entity715 events occurred during oral anti-coagulant therapy. CONCLUSION: We found as high a prevalence of @entity1211 in @entity320 as in lung and @entity1820 . All @entity1 suffered @entity715 events when they were treated with chemotherapy and at home when they stopped heparin prophylaxis. Therefore, heparin prophylaxis should be maintained at home.

title: High prevalence and risk factors of @entity1031 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic events', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'stage IV melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['stage IV melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Compressing the internal jugular veins can reverse @entity1276 of inappropriately low pressure acute @entity1276 , and it has been suggested that this works by "stiffening" the brain tissue. Jugular compression may also alter blood and @entity2841 flow in other conditions. We aimed to understand the effect of jugular compression on brain tissue stiffness and @entity2841 flow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The head and neck of 9 healthy volunteers were studied with and without jugular compression. @entity75 (shear modulus) was measured by using MR elastography. Phase-contrast MR imaging was used to measure @entity2841 flow in the cerebral aqueduct and blood flow in the neck. RESULTS: The shear moduli of the brain tissue increased with the percentage of blood draining through the internal jugular veins during venous compression. Peak velocity of caudally directed @entity2841 in the aqueduct increased significantly with jugular compression (P < .001). The mean jugular venous flow rate, amplitude, and vessel area were significantly reduced with jugular compression, while cranial arterial flow parameters were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Jugular compression influences cerebral @entity2841 hydrodynamics in healthy subjects and can increase brain tissue stiffness, but the magnitude of the stiffening depends on the percentage of cranial blood draining through the internal jugular veins during compression-that is, subjects who maintain venous drainage through the internal jugular veins during jugular compression have stiffer brains than those who divert venous blood through alternative pathways. These methods may be useful for studying this phenomenon in @entity1 with the syndrome of inappropriately low-pressure acute @entity1276 and other conditions.

title: MR Elastography Can Be Used to Measure XXXX as a Result of Altered Cranial Venous Drainage During Jugular Compression.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly in the syndrome']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Brain Stiffness Changes']


abstract: Treatment of @entity1 with hepatic metastases from @entity14 using hepatic artery @entity10049 (FUDR) has been reported to induce high partial remission rates and perhaps prolonged survival. However, several investigators, including our own group, have obtained response rates of only 30%. Alkylating agents can increase the efficacy of antimetabolites. Based on clinical data and pharmacokinetic considerations the authors have combined FUDR with @entity1138 and @entity3600 ( @entity3600 ) by the arterial route. Thirty-six @entity1 with hepatic metastases from @entity14 received FUDR 0.3 mg/kg/day 2 weeks of 4, @entity1138 15 mg/M2 over 1 hour every 8 weeks, and @entity3600 150 mg/M2 over 1 hour every 8 weeks--all via the hepatic artery using Infusaid pumps (Infusaid, Sharon, MA). The @entity1138 and @entity3600 were alternated monthly at the start of each FUDR cycle. The @entity1 characteristics were as follows: 78% @entity382 , 44% also extrahepatic @entity5 , 42% prior systemic @entity1487 . Combined partial and complete response rates were independent of prior chemotherapy: 71% if untreated, 67% with prior @entity1487 . Median survival for the combined response/stable disease group was 13.7 months from the start of hepatic artery chemotherapy, and 4.5 months for the six nonresponders. Based on these data the authors have begun a randomized trial comparing single-agent FUDR to the FUDR, @entity1138 , @entity3600 combination.

title: Treatment of metastatic XXXX with hepatic artery combination chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['BCNU', 'carmustine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Whereas the structural implications of drug intervention are well established, there are few data on the possible mechanical consequences of treatment. In this work we examined the changes in elastic and shear moduli (EM and SM) in a region of trabecular bone in the distal radius and distal tibia of early postmenopausal @entity1 on the basis of MRI-based micro-finite-element (microFE) analysis. Whole-section @entity5221 ( @entity5221 ) encompassing both trabecular and cortical compartments was evaluated as well. The study was conducted on previously acquired high-resolution images at the two anatomic sites. Images were processed to yield a 3D voxel array of bone-volume fraction (BVF), which was converted to a microFE model of hexahedral elements in which tissue modulus was set proportional to voxel BVF. The study comprised 65 early postmenopausal @entity1 (age range 45 to 55 years), of whom 32 had chosen @entity172 supplementation ( @entity53 group); the remainder had not (control group). Subjects had been scanned at baseline and 12 and 24 months thereafter. At the distal tibia, EM and SM were reduced by 2.9% to 5.5% in the control group (p < .05 to <.005), but there was no change in the @entity53 subjects. @entity5221 decreased 3.9% (4.0%) in controls (p < .005) and increased by 5.8% (6.2%) in @entity53 group subjects (p < .05) at 12 (24) months. At the distal radius, EM and SM changes from baseline were not significant, but at both time points @entity5221 was increased in @entity53 group subjects and decreased in controls (p < .005 to <.05), albeit by a smaller margin than at the tibia. EM and SM were strongly correlated with BV/TV (r(2) = 0.44 to 0.92) as well as with topologic parameters expressing the ratio of plates to rods (r(2) = 0.45 to 0.82), jointly explaining up to 96% of the variation in the mechanical parameters. Finally, baseline @entity5221 was strongly correlated between the two anatomic sites (r(2) = 0.58), suggesting that intersubject variations in the bone's mechanical competence follows similar mechanisms. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that micro-MRI-based microFE models are suited for the study of the mechanical implications of antiresorptive treatment. The data further highlight the anabolic effect of short-term @entity172 supplementation.

title: Mechanical implications of XXXX supplementation in early postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5221 :: ('MESH:C537792', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'axial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: During both mild and severe ischemia, vascular endothelial cells lining large and small vessels of the ischemic organ are exposed to @entity26 -derived free radicals resulting in oxidative damage to the organ. Heat shock has been shown to induce thermotolerance and also protect against ischemic injury, possibly via increased synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs). We hypothesized that heat shock preconditioning may protect @entity1 endothelial cells against oxidative damage. Cultured @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were subjected to heat shock (42 degrees C, 1 h) and allowed to recover for 2 or 20 h, at which times the cells were oxidatively stressed for 1 h by exposing them to 100-200 mumol/l of @entity273 ( @entity274 ). Cellular damage was assessed immediately and 18 h later by morphology and release of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH). No protection of HUVEC was seen using the 2-hour recovery interval, but a significant protection (P < 0.05) was observed after the 20-hour delay. Northern blot analysis at 1 and 2 h after heating showed induction of @entity2285 mRNA. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant increase in @entity1878 protein after 2 as well as 20 h of recovery from heat shock, although the amounts of protein at the two times were not significantly different. Furthermore, no differences in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase were observed between heated and unheated HUVEC at 2 and 20 h after heat preconditioning. Thus, heat shock preconditioning induces delayed protection against oxidative injury in HUVEC, and the mechanism of protection appears to involve more than the expression of @entity1878 or activity of catalase.

title: Heat shock provides delayed protection against oxidative injury in cultured XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules with a putative role in inflammation. Alterations in sphingolipids, in particular @entity9932 , have been consistently observed in psoriatic skin. Herein, we quantified the circulating sphingolipid profile in individuals with mild or severe psoriasis as well as healthy controls. In addition, the effects of anti- @entity310 treatment were determined. Levels of sphingoid bases, including @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ), increased in severe (P   <   0.001; n   =   32), but not in mild (n   =   32), psoriasis relative to healthy controls (n   =   32). These alterations were not reversed in severe @entity1 (n   =   16) after anti- @entity310 treatment despite significant improvement in psoriasis lesions. Circulating levels of @entity19846 and @entity9932 shifted in a @entity844 chain length-dependent manner. These alterations were also observed in psoriasis skin lesions and were associated with changes in mRNA levels of @entity2367 synthases. The lack of @entity5596 response to treatment may have pathobiological implications due to its close relation to the vascular and immune systems. In particular, increased levels of sphingolipids and especially @entity5596 in severe psoriasis @entity1 requiring biological treatment may potentially be associated with cardiovascular comorbidities. The fact that shifts in @entity5596 levels were not ameliorated by anti- @entity310 treatment, despite improvements in the skin lesions, further supports targeting @entity5596 receptors as therapy for severe psoriasis.

title: Circulating levels of @entity5595 are elevated in severe, but not mild psoriasis and are unresponsive to anti- XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity19846 :: ('MESH:D013109', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelins']

entities_list: @entity9932 :: ('MESH:D002518', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramides']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: A set of degenerate PCR primers was designed and used to amplify and sequence about 75% of the catalase (kat) gene from each of 49 staphylococcal strains. In some strains of @entity794 xylosus, @entity8803 , and S. equorum, two catalase genes, katA and katB, were found. A phylogenetic tree was generated and showed diversities among 66 partial (about 900-bp) staphylococcal kat @entity377 sequences (including 17 sequences found in GenBank) representing 26 different species. The topology of this tree showed a distribution of staphylococcal species similar, but not identical, to those reported previously based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, sodA, rpoB, tuf, and gap genes. The kat gene sequences were less conserved than those of 16S rRNA, rpoB, hsp60, and tuf genes and slightly more conserved than those of the gap gene. Therefore, kat gene sequence analysis may provide an additional marker for inferring phylogenetic relationships of staphylococci. Moreover, the discrete nucleotide polymorphism revealed in this gene could be exploited for rapid, low-cost identification of staphylococcal species through PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. In this study, a PCR-RFLP assay performed by using only the TaqI restriction enzyme was successfully developed for rapid unequivocal identification/differentiation, at species and subspecies levels, of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS). The assay was validated by testing the DNA from 100 staphylococcal strains, including reference and wild CPS strains isolated from different environments. This reliable, rapid, and low-cost approach (requiring about 6 h from DNA isolation to the achievement of results and <5 @entity7634 for each strain tested) allowed unambiguous identification of all the strains assayed, including the newly described S. delphini and @entity23819 CPS species.

title: Diversity of @entity794 species strains based on partial kat (catalase) gene sequences and design of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for identification and differentiation of coagulase-positive species ( @entity794 , S. delphini, S. hyicus, S. intermedius, XXXX , and S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans).

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity8803 :: ('29385', 'Species') :: ['S. saprophyticus']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['S. pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity23819 :: (283734,Species) :: ['S. pseudintermedius']


abstract: Choroidal melanocytes and the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) were studied morphologically and histochemically in the Smyth @entity1573 , an avian model for @entity1 @entity1694 . The sequence of cytological events occurring in the ocular tissue of minimally depigmented Smyth birds was determined. @entity32 was least severe in peripheral areas of the choroid and most pronounced in the back of the eye at the base of the optic nerve head. In the peripheral choroid, morphologically normal melanocytes and an occasional mononuclear leukocyte were observed. However, some of these morphologically normal melanocytes histochemically demonstrated atypical @entity12250 activity at the trans area of the Golgi apparatus. Toward the back of the eye, the melanocytes first appeared swollen and had retracting dendrites. Ultrastructurally these melanocytes demonstrated an @entity101 . Later, melanocytes became spherical and had membrane bound, autophagosome-like compartments of pigment granules. As the melanocyte injury progressed, macrophages invaded the tissue and phagocytized melanocytic dendrites. These were followed by numerous plasma cells. Eventually, the back of the eye contained no pigment and was infiltrated with numerous mononuclear inflammatory cells. The retinal pigment epithelium also demonstrated a gradient in the degree of destruction, related to its topography. These cytological features consisted of the retraction of apical @entity989 processes, the disappearance of the basal plasma membrane infoldings, and the replacement of Bruch's membrane by collagen-like fibrils. These results demonstrate that the @entity1596 which develops in @entity1694 appears to be a consequence of an inherent @entity3193 .

title: Ocular pathology in the minimally depigmented subline of the vitiliginous Smyth XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities of melanocytes and the associated inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in extramelanosomal cytoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanocyte defect']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigmented epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation and management of a @entity1 with @entity5925 secondary to @entity66 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Hospital based. @entity1 : A 60-year-old Caucasian @entity1 presenting with @entity425 caused by @entity5925 secondary to @entity66 . INTERVENTIONS: Following the diagnosis by jejunal biopsy, the @entity1 was treated with both intravenous and oral @entity972 supplements, and a gluten-free diet. OUTCOME MEASURES: Resolution of @entity425 and restitution of normal villous architecture following treatment. RESULTS: The @entity1 's @entity121 responded to the @entity972 supplements, his @entity294 and histological changes resolved while on the gluten-free diet. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity66 may present with hypokalaemia in association with steatorrhoea. If @entity972 loss is rapid, @entity5925 may occur. @entity66 should be considered a cause of malabsorption-induced @entity5925 .

title: @entity5925 : an unusual presentation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalaemic rhabdomyolysis', 'rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: This paper presents the results about the expression of the polyketide ketoreductase gene from @entity21671 -producing strain (S. mycarofaciens 1748), gene localization and nucleotide sequences analysis. A BamHI-BamHI 4.0 kg fragment isolated from a genomic library of @entity21671 -producing strains containing the actIII homologous DNA was inserted into @entity526 -Streptomyces shuttle vector pWHM3. A recombinant plasmid pCB4 was obtained and introduced into a @entity21672 producer S. galilaeus ATCC 31671 that was a polyketide ketoreductase gene deficient mutant. The transformant produced @entity21673 according to TLC and HPLC analyses. The BamHI-BamHI 4.0-kb fragment was inserted into pWHM3 in the reverted orientation with pCB4 and a recombinant plasmid pCBR4 was obtained. Introduction pCBR4 into S. galilaeus ATCC 31671 also resulted in the production of @entity21673 . Thus we demonstrated that this gene encoded a polyketide ketoreductase which results in deoxygenation of @entity21672 in C-2 position and that this gene has its own promoter. Restriction map analysis of pCB4 indicated that there were no sites for EcoRI and HindIII, but there were sites for BssHII, SalI, SphI and XhoI on the cloned gene fragment. The polyketide ketoreductase gene was located on a BssHII-BamHI 1.3-kb fragment from Southern hybridization result, using actIII gene as a probe, and that was confirmed by gene expression in S. galilaeus ATCC 31671. The @entity377 sequence analysis showed that the BssHII-BamHI 1.3-kb fragment contained an @entity5545 ( @entity5545 ). The protein coding region was assumed to start with an ATG start codon, end at an TAG stop codon. There was a 5nt (GGAGG) SD sequence at the upstream of start codon. A presumptive promoter consisted of 7 nt AACCGGA at the -10 region and 5 nt TTCGA at the -35 region. The deduced @entity535 sequences of MPKR gene consisted of 261 aa residues. Its @entity535 were compared with actIII gene coding protein sequences. The similarity was 77.4% and the identity was 66.7%.

title: Characterization of polyketide ketoreductase gene (MPKR) from XXXX -producing strain (Streptomyces mycarofaciens 1748).

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity21671 :: ('MESH:C026483', 'Chemical') :: ['midecamycin']

entities_list: @entity21673 :: ('MESH:C027832', 'Chemical') :: ['aklavinone']

entities_list: @entity21672 :: ('MESH:C033382', 'Chemical') :: ['2-hydroxyaklavinone']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['ORF', 'open reading frame']

answer: @entity21671 :: (MESH:C026483,Chemical) :: ['midecamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MASA syndrome is the acronym for @entity1032 , @entity2026 , Shuffling gait and @entity10721 . Linkage studies have shown linkage to markers in the Xq28 band. CASE REPORTS: Case no. 1: Micka  l was examined at the age of 3 yr 4 mo. He was @entity1032 (IQ = 40), aphasic, and had @entity426 , moderate @entity2652 and adducted thumbs. His parents were normal, except that his mother had similar @entity2652 . His brain CT scan was normal. Case no. 2: Philippe was the elder brother of Micka  l. When examined at the age of 5 years, he had the same features as his brother. His IQ was 40. His brain-CT scan was also normal. DNA analysis with markers for the Xq28 area showed that the brothers had received different X chromosomes from their mother. CONCLUSION: DNA studies suggest that the MASA syndrome is heterogeneous.

title: [The MASA syndrome ( @entity1032 , XXXX , Spastic paraplegia and @entity10721 ), is it heterogeneous?].

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded', 'Mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysmorphy']

entities_list: @entity10721 :: ('MESH:C562949', 'Disease') :: ['Adducted thumbs']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['spastic gait']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['Aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some @entity1 have pelvic, pudendal, or @entity158 radiating into the legs that is worse while sitting but differs from @entity3815 . The purpose of this study was to present a new clinical entity of @entity9 by pelvic neuro-vascular entrapment. OBJECTIVES: To report about the locations of predilection for pelvic neurovascular entrapment. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort pre- and post-intervention. SETTING: University referral unit specializing in advanced gynecological surgery and neuropelveology. METHODS: @entity1 , Intervention: In a prospective study, 97 @entity1 presenting with intractable pelvic @entity9 ( @entity158 , @entity158 , @entity2411 , coccygodynia, and @entity158 ) underwent laparoscopic exploration with decompression of compressed pelvic somatic nerves. The population included 76 (78.3%) @entity1 and 21 @entity1 . Indication for laparoscopic exploration of pelvic nerves suspected to be involved in @entity158 has been indicated after neuropelveological work up, pelvic neuro-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Doppler-sonography. @entity158 evolution was recorded over 2 years after the procedure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Three entities were isolated: @entity3815 by compression at the less sciatic notch, @entity614 at S2-4 by compression at the infracardinal level of the sacral plexus, and sciatica L5-S1/2 by compression at the greater sciatic notch. @entity158 was worse sitting (98%), during @entity548 in @entity1 , and during Valsalva maneuver, but the @entity158 did not wake the @entity1 up at night and was not accompanied by @entity51 . A decrease in VAS scores (> 50%) at 2 years follow-up was observed in 86 @entity1 (88.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Neuro-vascular entrapment is a pathophysiologic phenomenon implicated in several pelvic @entity16 . The most common are L5-S1 sciatica, @entity3815 , and @entity614 . After intraoperative confirmation, laparoscopic exploration of the entire sacral plexus is essential to diagnose conflict. Laparoscopic decompression is a treatment of choice, based on the separation of the offending vessel from the nerves. Those procedures are safe, with a high success rate; the neuropelveological approach is essential in order to obtain good treatment results. The laparoscopic approach gives the possibility of reducing morbidity and improving results by providing wider insight into the operating field with @entity3816 . Key words: @entity2411 , coccygodynia, chronic @entity2371 , @entity158 , @entity455 .

title: XXXX by Neuro-Vascular Entrapment: Anatomical Findings in a Series of 97 Consecutive @entity1 Treated by Laparoscopic Nerve Decompression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-vascular conflict']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['vulvodynia', 'Vulvodynia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity3815 :: ('MESH:D060545', 'Disease') :: ['pudendal neuralgia', 'pudendal neuralgie']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic pain', 'gluteal pain', 'Pain', 'pudendal pain', 'low lumbar pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['sacral radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['smaller intraoperative injury']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Pelvic Neuralgias']


abstract: In a prospective randomized double-blind study, we compared the effectiveness of @entity619 8 mg with either granisetron 1 mg or @entity3974 4 mg in the prevention of @entity1209 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Hundred ASA I and II @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic surgery were enrolled in the study and 84 @entity1 completed it. Following induction of anesthesia, group I (n=42) received granisetron 1 mg and @entity619 8 mg, group II (n=42) received @entity3974 4 mg and @entity619 8 mg. @entity390 and @entity391 episodes, @entity158 scores as well as side effects were recorded during the first hour and subsequently during the first 6 and 24 hours postoperatively. Satisfaction scores were obtained at discharge. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups during the 1st 24 hours following surgery in regards to @entity158 scores, satisfaction and side effects manifestations. At 0-1 hour interval, 100% of @entity1 in group I and 97.6% in group II had no @entity391 . Total response (no moderate or severe @entity390 and no rescue antiemetics) was 83.3% in group I and 80.95% in group II, and @entity1769 was used in 7.1% of @entity1 in both groups. At 1-6 hours interval, 97.6% of @entity1 in group I and 100% in group II had no @entity391 . Total response was 92.8% in group I and 90.9% in group II, and @entity1769 was used in 4.76% of @entity1 in group I and 2.38% in group II. At 6-24 hours no @entity391 occurred in 97.6% of @entity1 in group I and 100% in group II. Total response was 95.2% in both groups, and @entity1769 was used in 2.38% of @entity1 in both groups. In conclusion, the combination of @entity619 8 mg with either granisetron 1 mg or @entity3974 4 mg following induction of anesthesia in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic surgery showed no statistically significant difference in antiemetic efficacy with minimal side effects and excellent @entity1 satisfaction.

title: @entity619 with either granisetron or XXXX for @entity1209 in laparoscopic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['ondansetron']


abstract: The Singapore General Hospital Diabetes Centre (DBC) is a multidisciplinary specialist outpatient clinic which aims to provide an integrated one-stop service for @entity6 . As with many tertiary academic centre clinics, DBC encounters an expanding @entity1 load, greater @entity1 expectations and increasingly complicated @entity1 who require services from a multitude of health providers. Such rising demands amidst limited resources cause inefficiencies and long waiting times to consultation. This result in low @entity1 satisfaction and an unpleasant clinic experience. A multidisciplinary team was formed to reduce the waiting time at DBC and improve communication and work processes of staff. Addressing wait-times is complicated as multiple stakeholders and operational processes are involved and interlinked. By systematically breaking down processes and identifying problem areas, targeted changes were implemented. This included a revised model of appointment scheduling, a @entity1 reminder system, more effective communication sheets and work reassignments. The primary aim of this project was to improve the @entity1 turn-around time (duration a @entity1 spends at the centre for a visit). There was no documented improvement in turn-around time after project implementation (108.23 minutes versus 106.6 minutes) but other secondary aims were achieved. These included an increase in the percentage of @entity1 seen by the doctor within 60 minutes from 80% to 84%, a reduction in wait-time for payment and reappointment at the cashier by 36.6% and a reduction in non-attendances of new cases to the clinic from 30.2% to 21.3%. Staff satisfaction and communication were greatly improved. To aid sustainability, personalized reports of individual doctor's waiting times and workload were produced quarterly and tracked. As this is a first step quality improvement project, efforts to track, examine and further improve turn-around times are on-going. Future initiatives are directed at time-efficient appointment scheduling between care providers for same day appointments, a reactive SMS system for reminders and reappointments and optimization of processes and manpower allocation for clinics.

title: Improving waiting time and operational clinic flow in a tertiary XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1 with idiopathic @entity31 ( @entity31 ) have a colonbound antibody ( @entity4435 ) that reacts with colon tissue extracts. We have partially characterized a colonic protein that is specifically recognized by @entity4435 . @entity4435 was eluted from operative colon specimens from 10 @entity1 with @entity31 . A colon tissue-bound IgG was similarly eluted from six @entity1 with @entity30 , two with @entity63 , and one with @entity4436 . Purified serum IgG from @entity1 with @entity30 , from normal subjects and a @entity1 with @entity1582 were also used as additional controls. For detection of antigen(s), tissue extracts were prepared from 26 specimens of colon ( @entity31 , 12; @entity30 , 6; normal, 4; other controls, 4), 8 specimens of @entity1 normal stomach, duodenum, ileum, and liver (2 each). Tissue extracts were also prepared from @entity35 and @entity19 , including germ-free @entity35 colons and @entity35 's fetal colons. Immunorecognition of @entity4435 to the tissue extracts was examined by affinity-column chromatography and by transblot analysis. Tissue-extracted proteins were electrophoresed in @entity214 - @entity2975 gel, transferred to nitrocellulose sheet, and probed with iodinated @entity4435 , colonic IgG from other @entity29 patients, @entity31 serum IgG, and control serum IgG. Although many proteins were present in colon tissue extracts, 9 of 10 @entity4435 consistently recognized a protein of 40 kD. None of the nine IgG preparations from colon specimens of @entity1 with @entity30 and other colonic inflammatory diseases reacted with the 40-kD protein. Five of six symptomatic @entity31 serum IgG and none of eight control serum IgG reacted with the 40-kD protein. The 40-kD protein was present in all colon specimens and it appeared to be organ specific. It was absent in @entity19 and @entity35 tissues, including colon. The 40-kD protein is not actin and nor a part of the Ig molecule. These results suggest that the 40-kD protein is a colonic "autoantigen" that may initiate a specific IgG antibody response in @entity31 .

title: Isolation and characterization of a colonic autoantigen specifically recognized by colon tissue-bound immunoglobulin G from idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's colitis", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity3038 ( @entity3038 ) is a @entity463 with a @entity3038 that is presumed to be a metaplastic differentiation of @entity11 cells. We studied the clinical relevance of this histological @entity463 subentity within the pediatric population. We obtained @entity1 data from the German @entity11 database, which contains clinical data for more than 600 pediatric @entity1 with centrally reviewed high-grade @entity11 . By applying defined inclusion criteria (diagnosis of @entity3038 proven by central neuropathological review; @entity1 age 0 to 21 years), four @entity1 were identified. In addition, after a review of the English medical scientific literature, 19 additional cases were found. The relative frequency of @entity3038 in the German @entity11 database was only 1.9%. In the whole series of 23 pediatric @entity3038 @entity1 , including previously reported cases, the male-to-female-ratio was 1.2:1. @entity3038 was found in all pediatric age groups with a median age of 11 years, but there was an unexpectedly high accumulation in @entity1 (6 of 23 <3 years of age, 26%). @entity3038 showed a strong predilection of the cerebral hemispheres (22 out of 23 cases). @entity428 was the leading symptom of a short clinical history with a median duration of 0.7 month. Interestingly, six @entity1 (26%) were reported with a history of cranial radiotherapy prior to @entity3038 diagnosis. In 60% of the @entity3038 @entity1 in our series, gross total resection was achieved. Median overall (OS) and event-free survivals (EFS) of the total cohort were 12.1 and 9.8 months, respectively. In conclusion, @entity3038 is a very rare @entity5 entity in @entity1 . Literature review suggests a relatively higher incidence in @entity1 and in @entity1 with a previous history of radiotherapy.

title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['Gliosarcoma', 'sarcomatous component', 'GS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['Increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['HIT-GBM', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity3038 :: (MESH:D018316,Disease) :: ['pediatric gliosarcomas']


abstract: AIMS: To characterize a population with stable @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in an outpatient setting and to evaluate the importance of resting heart rate (HR), a recently recognized prognostic risk factor. TYPE OF STUDY: A prospective and observational registry of @entity1 with stable @entity453 followed mainly by cardiologists in private outpatient clinics. METHODS: @entity1 were selected by at least one of the following inclusion criteria: coronary angiography with at least one significant @entity850 ; positive stress test; previous @entity583 ; or revascularization by angioplasty or surgery. Demographics, concomitant diseases, HR, blood pressure (BP), presence of @entity951 and medical therapy were all recorded. Data compilation and statistical analysis were performed by a CRO independent of the sponsor and the investigators. RESULTS: Between May and October 2009, 3477 consecutive @entity1 were included by 186 doctors. Mean age was 66.6 +/- 10.1 years and 26.3% were female, 76% had arterial @entity101 , 34% @entity6 , 47% previous @entity1188 , 42% angioplasty and 25% coronary surgery. Of concomitant diseases, 13% of @entity1 had @entity1095 or @entity323 . Medical therapy included antiplatelet agents (97%), lipid-lowering agents (92%), beta-blockers (72%), ACEIs (54%), @entity3362 (39%), @entity460 blockers (36%), ARBs (28%), @entity15726 (24%) and @entity1481 (17%). Mean HR was 67 +/- 12 bpm and 67% of @entity1 had HR > 60 bpm. Mean systolic BP was 134 +/- 18 mmHg and mean diastolic BP was 76 +/- 10 mmHg. @entity951 was present in 31.3% of @entity1 and 53.4% had @entity951 . The population with @entity951 was more severe, 74% had HR > 60 bpm and 68% were taking beta-blockers. In @entity1 with @entity951 and HR > 60 bpm, beta-blocker use was only 64%. CONCLUSION: In an outpatient population with stable @entity453 of whom a third had @entity951 , there was an increased number of @entity1 with HR > 60 bpm and decreased use of beta-blockers with increasing disease severity. These findings support increased use of newly developed drugs for the treatment of stable @entity453 and @entity951 .

title: Characterization of an ambulatory population with stable XXXX and importance of heart rate: the PULSAR registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Angina', 'angina', 'class II angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetazidine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity15726 :: ('MESH:C088408', 'Chemical') :: ['ivabradine']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Questions concerning nonretractile foreskin are frequently asked by parents in @entity1 consultations. Topical @entity134 treatment could be a less expensive and less traumatizing alternative to surgery. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of topical @entity134 therapy in @entity1 with @entity5372 . METHODS: Literature review. All randomized controlled trials were selected, using the following research sources: Medline, Cochrane Library, Pascal, Embase, Blackwell Science, Google, Google scholar, SUDOC, international register of trials, and congress abstracts. Unpublished trials were also searched. The trials were analyzed using the ANAES guide from a therapeutic article. RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled trials (n=714 @entity1 ) were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The @entity1 were between 1 and 12 years old. The treatment lasted for 4-8 weeks. The success rate at the end of the study was higher with the @entity134 (53.8-95%) than with the placebo (6.25-52%), P<0.05 for 6 randomized control trials. DISCUSSION: According to the ANAES criteria, the level of scientific evidence is low (gradeC) because of the lack of power in clinical trials and numerous methodological shortcomings and biases, even when examining both randomized control trials and nonrandomized trials. Only a few local side effects were noted. CONCLUSION: The use of topical @entity230 can be recommended in first-intention treatment before surgery for the management of @entity5372 .

title: [Assessment of topical XXXX treatment for childhood @entity5372 : review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of @entity1501 on @entity1255 , lipid profile and hematological changes in @entity1853 -induced hyperhomocysteinemic @entity35 . @entity3562 was induced by @entity1853 (1 g/kg, p.o.) administration for 30 days. Biochemical and hematological observations were further substantiated with histopathological examination. The increase in @entity1255 , total @entity165 , low density lipoprotein- @entity165 , very low density lipoprotein- @entity165 and @entity1674 levels with reduction in the levels of high density lipoprotein in serum were the salient features observed in @entity1853 treated toxicologic control @entity35 (i.e. group II). Hematological observations of the peripheral blood smears of toxicologic @entity35 also showed crenation of red blood cells membrane and significant (P<0.01) increase in total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count and platelet counts with significant (P<0.01) decrease in the mean hemoglobin levels, as compared to vehicle control @entity35 . Administration of @entity1501 (100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 30 days to @entity1853 - induced hyperhomocysteinemic @entity35 produced a significant (P< 0.01) decrease in the levels of @entity1255 , total @entity165 , low density lipoprotein- @entity165 , very low density lipoprotein- @entity165 and @entity1674 with significant (P< 0.01) increase in high density lipoprotein- @entity165 levels in serum when compared with toxicologic control @entity35 . The present study, for the first time, investigates the effect of @entity1501 treatment on hematological changes in @entity35 with @entity1853 -induced @entity3562 .

title: Effect of XXXX on hematological changes in @entity1853 -induced @entity3562 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic Acid']


abstract: A retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity4008 admitted to our hospital during 1949-52, highlighted the lack of 'classical' signs of @entity693 in these @entity1 . We carried out a similar review of 44 @entity1 aged less than three months, admitted during 1982-91. We also determined the causative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities. Symptoms and signs were similar in the two series. Forty @entity1 in the later series were either febrile, irritable or had @entity410 on the day of admission. Overall mortality fell from 30% to 11%. Between 1982 and 1991 Group B Streptocococcus and @entity3631 were the commonest causes of @entity693 . All organisms, except one, were sensitive to @entity869 and/or @entity3524 . @entity4008 should be suspected in young @entity1 who are febrile, irritable or having @entity410 . Initial treatment with @entity869 and @entity3524 is appropriate.

title: XXXX in the first three months of life.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis', 'Bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['Bacterial meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is among the most common causes of olfactory loss. The loss of the sense of smell is thought to result from structural and functional changes occurring in the olfactory epithelium caused by @entity32 . However, the cellular mechanisms underlying @entity102 -associated olfactory loss remain incompletely understood. METHODS: @entity19 expressing @entity637 specifically within the olfactory epithelium were used as a model for @entity102 -associated olfactory loss. @entity637 expression was induced over different time intervals, and olfactory epithelial tissue was assessed for the expression of neuronal markers by laser scanning confocal microscopy and Western blot. RESULTS: @entity637 expression results in an inflammatory infiltrate in the olfactory epithelium, thinning of the olfactory neuron layer, and a progressive @entity393 . Reduced expression of markers for neurons and mature olfactory neurons (neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM] and @entity22261 [OMP], respectively) was observed in the neuroepithelium and in the subepithelial axon bundles. Expression of @entity22262 , a marker for immature neurons, was also reduced. These alterations were reversed when @entity637 expression was discontinued. CONCLUSION: @entity637 expression in a transgenic model of @entity102 -associated olfactory loss results in progressive @entity528 . Decreased @entity22262 expression suggests that @entity637 -associated @entity32 inhibits differentiation of progenitor cells into immature olfactory neurons. Therefore, reduced regeneration of olfactory neurons may be an important mechanism underlying olfactory loss in @entity102 , in addition to @entity528 or apoptosis. This @entity19 model represents a potential tool in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention of olfactory neuron loss in @entity102 .

title: Reversible loss of neuronal marker protein expression in a transgenic XXXX model for sinusitis-associated olfactory dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Transgenic mice', 'mouse']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

entities_list: @entity22261 :: ('18378(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['olfactory marker protein']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of olfactory function']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['loss of olfactory neurons', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neglected case of nonunion of @entity174 both bones forearm with deformity is very difficult to manage. Treatment options are minimal. Identifying such a case in literature is also very rare. One such rare case is discussed here. CASE REPORT: Here, we present a case of a 65-year-old male @entity1 , who was operated 15 years back for @entity174 both bones forearm, with 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate. @entity174 went into nonunion and plate was broken. The @entity1 presented to us 15 years later in August 2013 with nonunion, broken, and loosened implants and @entity85  . Implants were removed, sequential correction of deformity was done, using external fixators. After deformity correction was achieved, nonunion was managed by modified Boyd's dual onlay bone graft technique. CONCLUSION: Modified Boyd's dual onlay bone graft technique is an effective method in achieving union and restoration of functions, even in @entity1 with resistant nonunion.

title: Modified Boyd's Dual Onlay Bone Graft Technique for 15 Years Old Neglected Nonunion XXXX both Bone Forearm with Severe Angular Deformity: Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity of 90']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']


abstract: One hundred forty-seven stool specimens from 93 @entity1 younger than four months of age in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were tested for rotavirus by the Rotazyme ELISA method (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL). None of the @entity1 had @entity294 at the time of the testing. Ten of 147 (6.8%) specimens were either low or suspect positive. None had rotavirus by electron microscopy. Excluding the suspect positives, which were negative on retesting, the false positive rate was only 6 of 147 (4.1%). Of five specimens with sufficient material and repeatedly positive tests, heat to 56 degrees C for one-half hour eliminated the binding to the Rotazyme bead but had no effect on the rotavirus positive control. One @entity1 was found to have an extremely high positive Rotazyme test, independently of the survey. No virus was found in this specimen by electron microscopy, and the material responsible for the false positive result was not removed by centrifugation (100,000 X g for one hour), heating to 56 degrees C for one-half hour, trypsin, ether/ @entity5643 , or dialysis. Thus, false positives were encountered, but the overall rate was acceptably low. Such false positives are likely to result from more than one cause and, depending on results of further study, may be confirmed as false positives by loss of reactivity at 56 degrees C for one-half hour and perhaps lack of binding to a control bead.

title: Rotazyme assay in neonates without XXXX . Results of screening survey and preliminary analysis of false positive specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5643 :: ('CHEBI:41218', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: Permanent fish cell lines have become common model systems for determining ecotoxicological effects of pollutants. For these cell lines little is known on the cellular active transport mechanisms that control the amount of a compound entering the cell, such as the MXR (multixenobiotic resistance) system mediated by @entity855 binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins. Therefore, for toxic evaluation of chemicals with those cells information on MXR is important. We here present data on constitutive mRNA expression and protein activity levels of a series of ABC efflux transporters in seven permanent cell lines derived from liver (RTL-W1; R1) and liver @entity157 (RTH-149), gill (RTgill-W1), gonad (RTG-2), gut (RTgutGC) and brain (RTbrain) of @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ). In addition to known transporters @entity7354 (designated here abcb1a), @entity7355 , abcc1-3, abcc5 and @entity7356 , we quantified expression levels of a newly identified @entity7354 isoform (abcb1b) and @entity7357 , previously unknown in trout. Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) indicated that mRNA of the examined ABC transporters was constitutively expressed in all cell lines. Transporter mRNA expression patterns were similar in all cell lines, with expression levels of abcc transporters being 80 to over 1000 fold higher than for @entity7356 , abcb1a/b and @entity7355 (abcc1-5> @entity7356 >abcb1a/b, 11). Transporter activity in the cell lines was determined by measuring uptake of transporter type specific fluorescent substrates in the presence of activity inhibitors. The combination of the @entity7354 and ABCC transporter substrate @entity5384 -AM with inhibitors @entity205 , @entity7358 and @entity7359 resulted in a concentration-dependent fluorescence increase of up to 3-fold, whereas @entity7360 caused a slight, but not concentration-dependent fluorescence increase. Accumulation of the dyes @entity5956 and @entity7361 was basically unchanged in the presence of Ko134 and @entity7362 , respectively, indicating low @entity7356 and @entity7355 activities, in accordance with low @entity7356 and @entity7355 transcript levels. Our data indicate that transporter expression and activity patterns in the different trout cell lines are irrespective of the tissue of origin, but are determined by factors of cell cultivation.

title: Constitutive mRNA expression and protein activity levels of nine ABC efflux transporters in seven permanent cell lines derived from different tissues of @entity5660 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity7361 :: ('MESH:C110400', 'Chemical') :: ["2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate"]

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: Between 1980 and 1990, 291 @entity1 with a @entity5 in the cervical area of the oesophagus were admitted to our Department: in 187 the @entity5 was located mainly in the cervical region, 76 in the hypopharynx and 28 had a @entity5 that had spread to the cervical oesophageal region following laryngectomy. Most @entity5 of the hypopharynx involved the cervical oesophagus when it was often difficult to define the site of origin. 153 @entity1 (53%) underwent surgical resection which included a modified neck dissection followed by different kinds of reconstruction. 96 @entity1 underwent pharyngogastric anastomosis. Twenty @entity834 (23%) were recorded including both those clinically evident and asymptomatic ones detected radiologically. Moreover, segmental proximal @entity39 was seen in ten @entity1 . Hospital mortality rate after pharyngogastric anastomosis was 14.7% (14/95). Colon interposition was used in 11 @entity1 . Two @entity834 and two partial @entity39 were observed. Hospital mortality was 18% (2/11). Eighteen @entity1 underwent laryngopharyngectomy and cervical oesophagectomy with reconstruction performed by means of revascularized jejunal loop. One @entity834 was observed and hospital mortality was nil in these cases. Twenty-four @entity1 underwent total oesophagectomy with larynx preservation when the @entity5 was located at least 2 cm below the upper oesophageal sphincter. Five @entity834 and two partial @entity39 occurred and hospital mortality was 8.3% (2/24) in these @entity1 . The remaining five @entity1 operated on underwent miscellaneous surgical procedures with one @entity204 . Overall survival for resections considered curative was 21%:37% for hypopharyngeal and 18% for @entity5 respectively, while it was nil at three years after palliative resection and total oesophagectomy with larynx preservation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Therapeutic options for XXXX and cervical oesophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necroses']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'cervical cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the hypopharynx']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As society ages, the frequency of elderly @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity2 is increasing. However, the indications for surgery in octogenarians are still controversial. We examined the outcomes of elderly @entity1 undergoing thoracic surgery for @entity2 , focusing especially on non-cancer-related @entity204 . METHODS: Between January 2004 and March 2011, 1673 @entity1 with @entity2 underwent surgical resection at our institution. Of these, we retrospectively examined 174 @entity1 aged 80 years or older. RESULTS: Perioperative morbidity and mortality were 24.3% and 1.15%, respectively. Of 163 @entity1 who were followed up completely, 78 (47.9%) died. The overall postoperative survival rate at 3 and 5 years was 63.6% and 48.3%, respectively. Almost half of the @entity204 were due to causes other than @entity2 recurrence, with @entity1576 accounting for the majority. We found that a low body mass index was a significant risk factor for @entity204 due to @entity1576 after @entity2 surgery in this @entity1 cohort. CONCLUSION: The overall survival rate of octogenarians undergoing @entity2 surgery is acceptable. However, because octogenarians with a low body mass index have a significantly higher risk of @entity204 due to @entity1576 , surgeons and pulmonologists should take this into account when performing postoperative follow-up in these @entity1 .

title: Risk factor for @entity204 after XXXX surgery in octogenarians.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']