abstract: Recent observations concerning presumed @entity460 -induced @entity2383 and focal intraaxonal proteolysis in the pathogenesis of @entity130 ( @entity130 ) have opened new perspectives for therapeutic intervention. Studies from our laboratory demonstrated that @entity205 ( @entity870 ), a potent inhibitor of @entity141 -induced @entity2383 , administered 30 min prior to traumatic @entity1545 preserved mitochondrial integrity in those axonal foci destined to undergo delayed disconnection. We attributed this neuroprotection to the inhibition by @entity870 of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Additional experiments proved that @entity870 pretreatment also significantly reduced @entity460 -induced, calpain-mediated spectrin proteolysis (CMSP) and neurofilament compaction (NFC), pivotal events in the pathogenesis of axonal failure and disconnection. Given these provocative findings the goal of the current study was to evaluate the potential of @entity870 to inhibit @entity460 -induced @entity21 in a more clinically relevant postinjury treatment paradigm. To this end, @entity205 was administered intrathecally to @entity35 30 min following impact acceleration traumatic @entity1545 . The first group of animals were sacrificed 120 min postinjury and the density of CMSP and NFC immunoreactive damaged axonal segments of @entity870 -treated and vehicle-treated injured animals were quantitatively analyzed. A second group of @entity870 - versus vehicle-treated @entity35 was sacrificed at 24 h postinjury to compare the density of damaged axons displaying beta amyloid precursor protein (APP) immunoreactivity, a signature protein of axonal perturbation and disconnection. Postinjury @entity870 administration resulted in a significant decrease (>60%) in CMSP/NFC immunoreactivity in corticospinal tracts and medial longitudinal fasciculi. A similar decrease was detected in the density of APP immunoreactive damaged axons, indicating an attenuation of axonal disconnection at 24 h postinjury in @entity870 -treated animals. These results once again suggest that the maintenance of the functional integrity of the mitochondria can prevent @entity130 , presumably via the preservation of the local energy homeostasis of the axon. Moreover and perhaps more importantly, these studies also demonstrate the efficacy of @entity870 administration when given in the early posttraumatic period. Collectively, our findings suggest that a therapeutic window exists for the use of drugs targeting mitochondria and energy regulation in traumatic @entity1545 .

title: Postinjury @entity205 administration limits @entity21 and disconnection in traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['TAI', 'traumatic axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity256 and stent @entity715 after endovascular intervention in @entity1 with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) can potentially be tackled by more intensive antiplatelet therapy, such as dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) consisting of @entity117 and @entity3075 inhibitor. Despite @entity1397 treatment, some @entity1 still display high platelet reactivity (HCPR). Tailored antiplatelet therapy, based on platelet reactivity testing, might overcome HCPR. However, more data are warranted regarding the proportion of @entity1 with HCPR in the @entity3657 population, different platelet reactivity tests, their correlation, and the optimal timing for these tests as a stepping stone for a future trial investigating the potential benefit of tailored antiplatelet therapy in @entity3657 @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 on DAPT after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty underwent platelet reactivity testing by VerifyNow, @entity19319 ( @entity19319 ) and platelet activation assay, and @entity4433 -polymorphism testing. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with HCPR measured by VerifyNow varied between 43.3% and 83.3%, depending on the cut off values used. Testing within 24 hours of initiation of DAPT gave a higher proportion of HCPR than testing after more than 24 hours. According to DNA testing, 14.8% were @entity4433 *2 homozygote, 22.2% heterozygote, and 63% @entity4433 *2 negative. @entity19319 assay revealed 24% HCPR. The highest HCPR rate was found with a VerifyNow cut off of less than 40% inhibition, whereas the lowest HCPR rate was found with the @entity19319 assay. There was a low correlation between the tests. CONCLUSION: HCPR is present in @entity3657 @entity1 and research on HCPR is needed in this population; timing of tests is relevant and standardisation of tests is needed. The optimal conditions for platelet function testing should be determined.

title: High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity in XXXX : A Pilot Study to Find the Optimal Test and Cut Off Values.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity19319 :: ('7408', 'Gene') :: ['VASP', 'vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['Peripheral Arterial Disease']


abstract: "Tsumura-shuuji-bushi-matsu" ( @entity41532 ) is a herbal medicine produced from Aconiti tuber through autoclaving to decrease its @entity137 . In this study, the analgesic effects of @entity41532 and @entity41533 (MA) was examined in @entity35 and @entity19 . @entity41532 (300 mg/kg, p.o.) or MA (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) depressed the @entity1543 -induced writhing significantly. In Randall-Selitto's method, @entity41532 (1000 mg/kg) increased the @entity158 threshold ratio in the inflamed foot significantly but not in the normal foot. In the hot plate method or on adjuvant-induced @entity158 , @entity41532 (1000 mg/kg) significantly increased the @entity158 threshold, and its effect was less than that of "nama-bushi-matsu" (TNB), which was produced from the same Aconiti tuber without autoclaving. Repeated cold stress (RCS) for 65.5 hr decreased the @entity158 threshold ratio on the paw pressure in @entity35 by 60%. @entity41532 (300 mg/kg) significantly increased the @entity158 threshold ratio in RCS @entity35 , and its activity was almost the same degree as that of TNB. MA (0.5 mg/kg) significantly increased the @entity158 threshold ratio in RCS @entity35 or on the adjuvant-induced @entity158 ; and in RCS @entity35 , it was more potent than @entity1286 (1 mg/kg, p.o.).

title: [Analgesic effects of Tsumura-shuuji-bushi-matsu and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity41533 :: ('MESH:C019470', 'Chemical') :: ['mesaconitine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'arthritic pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity41533 :: (MESH:C019470,Chemical) :: ['mesaconitine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1204 is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity1 with intermediate risk disease (stage IB, IC, and occult stage II) is controversial. Despite no proven survival advantage, a significant number of @entity1 undergo this treatment annually. The purpose of this study was to compare the estimated health and economic outcomes for adjuvant whole pelvic radiotherapy to no treatment with salvage therapy for recurrence. METHODS: A decision analytic model was created to estimate the costs of adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy versus no adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity1 with intermediate risk @entity1204 . Data used was gathered from published literature and institutional data on costs. The model incorporates complications, recurrence rates, treatment of recurrence, and survival in each group. RESULTS: In the base case analysis, adjuvant pelvic radiation reduced the recurrence rate by 50%. Cost-effectiveness as measured by cost per recurrence prevented was highly sensitive to the probability of recurrence and the efficacy of adjuvant therapy. In our model the mean costs of Strategy 1 with observation and treatment reserved until the time of recurrence would be  5016. In contrast the mean cost of Strategy 2 which incorporated adjuvant radiotherapy would be  21,159. Cost per recurrence prevented based on the incremental cost-effectiveness is thus  225,215. In the highest risk subgroup, using the upper limit of the 90% confidence limit of efficacy seen in GOG Protocol 99, cost/recurrence prevented was approximately  50,000. Results did not differ when using parameters solely from GOG 99 or PORTEC. CONCLUSIONS: Although adjuvant pelvic radiation does not appear to improve survival for intermediate risk @entity1204 @entity1 , it does prevent recurrences, at a net positive cost compared to no therapy. Data are not currently available to incorporate quality of life information into cost-effectiveness analyses. Obtaining such data would allow cost/quality-adjusted life year gained to be estimated. This information is necessary to determine if the extra costs of adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity1 with intermediate risk @entity1204 are acceptable by current health care policy standards.

title: Cost-effectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy in intermediate risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of oral Pycnogenol (Horphag Research Ltd, United Kingdom) in @entity1 with @entity532 . @entity1 without a history of @entity6 @entity1066 were treated with Pycnogenol. @entity1 received oral Pycnogenol (50 mg capsules, 3 times daily for a total of 150 mg daily for 4 weeks). A group of 30 @entity1 was included (severe @entity455 ); 30 comparable @entity1 were observed as controls (no treatment during the observation period). All @entity1 (age, 59 years; range, 55-68 years; male:female = 18:12) included in the treatment group completed the 4-week study. Also, all controls completed the follow-up period. There were no drop-outs. All included subjects had signs and symptoms of @entity532 . The duration of @entity6 -from the first signs/symptoms--was on average 7.5 years (SD = 3). After 4 weeks, microcirculatory and clinical evaluations showed a progressive decrease in skin flux at rest in the foot (indicating an improvement in the level of @entity455 ), a significant decrease in capillary filtration, and a significant improvement in the venoarteriolar response in all treated subjects. There were no visible effects in controls except a slight reduction in skin flux at rest in the foot. Treatment was well tolerated in both groups. In conclusion, this study confirms the clinical efficacy of Pycnogenol in @entity1 with @entity532 . The study indicates the clinical role of Pycnogenol in the management, treatment, and control of this common clinical problem. The treatment may be also useful to prevent @entity6 @entity1066 by controlling the level of @entity455 .

title: Improvement of XXXX with pycnogenol: A prospective, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The operation of choice for acutely obstructed @entity189 of the left colon is controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of its management by emergency subtotal/total colectomy with immediate @entity254 without diversion. METHODS: An emergency subtotal/total colectomy was performed in 44 @entity1 (mean age, 72.4 years). Inclusion criteria were reasonable operative risk, resectable acutely obstructed @entity189 , massively distended colon of dubious viability and likely to contain @entity2806 , signs of impending cecal perforation, and masses suggesting synchronous @entity694 . RESULTS: Postoperative mortality was 6.8 percent. Two @entity1 over 90 years of age died postoperatively as a result of @entity532 . An 83-year-old female died as a result of an anastomotic dehiscence. Morbidity was 6.8 percent including one @entity292 which recovered without surgery. There were three synchronous @entity694 . Six months after surgery, the mean daily stool frequency was two following subtotal colectomy and three after total colectomy. CONCLUSION: Emergency subtotal colectomy achieves in one stage relief of @entity1744 and @entity5 resection by encompassing a massively distended and fecal-loaded colon with @entity2806 and serosal tears on the cecum, ensures restoration of gut contiguity via a "safe" ileocolonic @entity254 , and removes occasional lesions proximal to the index @entity5 . It is a safe procedure given that operative mortality rates are as low as with elective surgery.

title: Emergency subtotal/total colectomy with XXXX for acutely obstructed @entity189 of the left colon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancers', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare internal fixation with no fixation of the medial malleolus after open reduction and internal fixation of the lateral malleolus and if needed, the posterior malleolus. DESIGN: Randomized prospective trial. SETTING: Level III @entity130 center in a metropolitan area. @entity1 : One hundred @entity1 with bimalleolar or trimalleolar Orthopaedic @entity130 Association type 44 @entity1171 and displacement of the medial malleolus less than 2 mm after open reduction and internal fixation of the lateral component. INTERVENTION: Internal fixation or nonoperative treatment of the medial malleolus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle hind foot score (AOFAS), The Olerud Molander Ankle (OMA) score, and @entity227 ( @entity227 ). RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 39 months (range: 24-72). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to OMA (P = 0.91), AOFAS (P = 0.85), @entity227 (P = 0.85), or development of @entity571 (P = 0.22). Reoperation and complication rates were also comparable, but 4 @entity1 treated nonoperatively developed nonunion of the medial malleolus. These @entity1 reported no functional disabilities and presented OMA, AOFAS, and @entity227 scores better than average. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that nonoperative treatment of minimally displaced @entity174 of the medial malleolus after operative fixation of the fibula yields satisfactory results. However, long-term follow-up is needed due to increased risk of nonunion and uncertainty regarding the development of @entity625 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Nonoperative treatment of the medial malleolus in bimalleolar and XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VAS', 'visual analogue pain scale']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['trimalleolar ankle fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms responsible for cellular radiosensitivity in two @entity1 fibroblast cell lines 84BR and 175BR derived from two @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: Clonogenic assays were performed following exposure to increasing doses of gamma radiation to confirm radiosensitivity. y- @entity6714 foci assays were used to determine the efficiency of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in cells. Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) established the expression levels of key DNA DSB repair genes. Imaging flow cytometry using annexin V-FITC was used to compare artemis expression and apoptosis in cells. RESULTS: Clonogenic cellular hypersensitivity in the 84BR and 175BR cell lines was associated with a defect in DNA DSB repair measured by the y- @entity6714 foci assay. The Q-PCR analysis and imaging flow cytometry revealed a two-fold overexpression of the artemis DNA repair gene, which was associated with an increased level of apoptosis in the cells before and after radiation exposure. Overexpression of normal artemis protein in a normal immortalised fibroblast cell line NB1-Tert resulted in increased radiosensitivity and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: We conclude that elevated expression of artemis is associated with higher levels of DNA DSB, radiosensitivity and elevated apoptosis in two radio-hypersensitive cell lines. These data reveal a potentially novel mechanism responsible for radiosensitivity and show that increased artemis expression in cells can result in either radiation resistance or enhanced sensitivity.

title: Elevated expression of artemis in XXXX fibroblast cells is associated with cellular radiosensitivity and increased apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this cross-sectional, case-controlled, observational study were to examine attitudes toward menstruation in female @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 and in a control group, and to explore the associations between attitudes toward menstruation and psychopathology, menstrual regularity during antipsychotic treatment, and @entity1866 . METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 treated with anti- @entity716 medications for at least the previous 6 months were placed in irregular (irregular menstrual cycle) (n = 31) and regular (regular menstrual cycle) (n = 27) groups. Sixty-two, age-matched, healthy female @entity1 with regular menstrual cycles were enrolled as a control group. Psychopathology was assessed by psychiatrists using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) was used to assess attitudes toward menstruation, and symptom checklists based on the Moos Menstruation Distress Questionnaire (MMDQ) were used to assess @entity1866 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity914 (both irregular and regular groups) had more negative attitudes toward menstruation than the control group. In the @entity161 group, there was no association between the severity of @entity716 and their influence on attitudes toward menstruation. Moreover, regular menstrual cycles during antipsychotic treatment and fewer @entity1866 were the two main predictors for more positive attitudes toward menstruation in the @entity1 group. CONCLUSION: This is one of the first studies to explore the relationship between @entity716 and attitudes toward menstruation. The findings provide more support for the assumption that attitudes toward menstruation are derived from a @entity1 's perception of her bodily experience rather than a @entity146 .

title: Attitudes toward menstruation in females with XXXX or @entity914 in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual distress symptoms']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the prognostic value of conventional EEG for the identification of preterm @entity1 at risk for subsequent adverse neurodevelopment in the current perinatal care and medicine setting. METHODS: We studied 780 EEG records of 333 preterm @entity1 born <34 weeks' gestation between 2002 and 2008. Serial EEG recordings were conducted during 3 time periods; at least once each within days 6 (first period), during days 7 to 19 (second period), and days 20 to 36 (third period). The presence and the grade of EEG background abnormalities were assessed according to an established classification system. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at a corrected age of 12 to 18 months. RESULTS: Of the 333 @entity1 , 33 (10%) had @entity245 and 34 (10%) had @entity306 . The presence of EEG abnormalities was significantly predictive of @entity245 and @entity306 at all 3 time periods: the first period (n = 265; odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-9.4), the second period (n = 278; OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 3.6-16), and the third period (n = 237; OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.8-13). The grade of EEG abnormalities correlated with the incidence of @entity245 or @entity306 in all periods (P < .001). After controlling for other clinical variables, including severe @entity1545 , EEG abnormality in the second period was an independent predictor of @entity245 (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1-9.7) and @entity306 (OR, 6.8; 95% CI 2.0-23). CONCLUSIONS: EEG abnormalities within the first month of life significantly predict adverse neurodevelopment at a corrected age of 12 to 18 months in the current preterm survivor.

title: EEG for predicting early neurodevelopment in preterm XXXX : an observational cohort study.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Individuals with @entity6340 are at increased risk of @entity731 and @entity715 . Although there is controversy whether platelet survival is shortened or normal in this disease, several in vitro tests of platelet function are abnormal including a decreased threshold concentration for stimulation of aggregation by @entity857 , @entity1425 and collagen and increased release of @entity2036 to the same agents. These functional changes are accompanied by an increase of @entity165 to phospholipid ratio in the platelet membrane and in low density lipoprotein in individuals with @entity6340 . @entity12880 and @entity38902 reverse some of the abnormalities in vitro and the former drug, when administered for 6 weeks to @entity1 with @entity6340 decreases platelet sensitivity to @entity857 and @entity1425 . The @entity56 to aggregating agents can be reproduced in vitro by increasing the @entity165 to phospholipid rather in normal platelets. These artificially hypersensitive platelets can be returned to normal by @entity38902 in vitro. Incorporation of @entity165 into platelet membranes increases the basal level of the membrane associated enzyme adenylate cyclase. However, the enzyme no longer responds to stimulation by @entity5015 , and this is associated with relative resistance of the platelet to inhibition by this pharmacologic agent. These functional alterations produced by @entity165 enrichment of platelet membranes occur is parallel with an increase in platelet membrane microviscosity suggesting that the more rigid membrane can alter the behavior of membrane associated enzymes and receptors. A correlation appears to exist between the ability of certain drugs to induce phase separation in model membranes and the potency in inhibitory platelet aggregation.

title: Platelet function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity38902 :: ('MESH:D006218', 'Chemical') :: ['halofenate']

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['Clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia', 'type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['platelet hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['premature atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6340 :: (MESH:D006938,Disease) :: ['hyperbetalipoproteinemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of @entity102 remains unsatisfactory. Short-chain @entity1718 are the preferred energy source for the colonic epithelium. We aimed to determine for the first time whether topical @entity4877 enemas relieve symptoms and improve the macroscopic and microscopic findings in @entity102 . METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot trial compared @entity1 given two weeks of @entity4877 enemas (40 mmol) twice per day with those given placebo, with a one-week washout period; 15 @entity1 were randomized and 12 completed both arms of the trial. A total symptom score combined six symptom items per week ( @entity158 , episodes of @entity548 , amount of blood passed, days with @entity294 , number of stools, and urgency). Symptom, endoscopic, and histologic scores were obtained at the beginning of the study and again at the last week of each treatment arm. RESULTS: Total symptom score at baseline (median, 5.5) improved for those @entity1 receiving active treatment (median, 3.5), but compared with placebo (median, 4.5), the change was not significant. Endoscopic appearances were largely unaltered by active treatment. Histology was abnormal in 82 percent of @entity1 receiving placebo compared with 55 percent of those given @entity4877 enemas (P = not significant). CONCLUSION: @entity4877 enemas do not appear to be superior to placebo in the treatment of @entity102 .

title: Short-chain XXXX in the treatment of radiation proctitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot trial.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity4877 :: ('MESH:D020148', 'Chemical') :: ['Butyric acid', 'butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rectal pain']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: Primary @entity6887 is uncommon; optimal primary treatment is still not well defined, and little information is available about the efficacy of @entity900 -based combination chemotherapy. Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity6887 were treated with @entity786 (500 mg/m2), @entity632 (50 mg/m2), and @entity900 (50 mg/m2) ( @entity9527 ). Thirty-two @entity1 received the combination chemotherapy as first-line treatment after cytoreductive surgery, whereas six subjects were treated for recurrent disease. The @entity1 received a median of six cycles of therapy (range, four to nine). At the initiation of chemotherapy, 24 @entity1 had measurable lesions. In this group of @entity1 , 15 had a clinical @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ), four had a partial response (PR), three had @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and two had @entity74 ( @entity74 ) after chemotherapy. The overall clinical response rate ( @entity1939 + PR) was 80%. Ten of the 14 @entity1939 @entity1 who were submitted to second-look operation (SLO) were found free of disease, in pathologic @entity1939 (pCR). Three pCR @entity1 relapsed, and two of them died despite second-line treatment. Nine @entity1 achieving PR, @entity66 , and @entity74 after first-line chemotherapy were further treated (five with chemotherapy, two with radiotherapy, two with @entity42287 ), but none responded to second-line treatment and all died (median survival, 9 months). Fourteen @entity1 without gross @entity66 after cytoreductive surgery had no measurable lesions and were not evaluable for response. Seven of them had negative SLO and remain disease free. Three @entity1 (two stage III and one stage II) who refused SLO relapsed 14, 16, and 26 months after completion of chemotherapy. The median survival for the entire group was 38 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 35%. The @entity137 of the regimen was moderate. The @entity9527 regimen appears to be active in @entity6887 and yields response rates comparable to those reported for @entity43 .

title: @entity6887 with @entity786 , XXXX , and @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['primary fallopian tube carcinoma', 'fallopian tube carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['complete response', 'CR']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity42287 :: ('CHEBI:17026', 'Chemical') :: ['progesteron']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conservative treatment represents the current therapy for @entity0 . When risk factors for local relapse exist, a @entity5 bed boost is required. Retrospectively, we evaluated the prognostic factors influencing local recurrence (LR), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: After conservative treatment, 210 @entity1 received a single-dose HDR brachytherapy (HDRBT) boost between June 1996 and December 2005. Mean age was 57 years; 75% had @entity513 . The most frequent surgery was lumpectomy (55.7%); 39.4% were G3, 18.6% intraductal component >25% and only 22% had negative margins. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 85 months, at 5 and 10 years the @entity1349 was 93% and 88%, DFS 92% and 89%, and LR 3.6% and 5.3%, respectively. For LR, the risk factors were @entity189 in situ, N+ and involved margins, whereas for @entity3 , the risk factors were T2 @entity5 , stage III, N+ and the presence of local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: HDR-BT boost in one fraction is an effective, simple and safe method for reducing LR. The outpatient setting and shorter treatment duration represent undeniable advantages.

title: XXXX conservative treatment: high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost in a single fraction of 700 cGy to the @entity5 bed.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study documents mid-term outcomes of a series of @entity439 compared with concurrent results of open surgical repair. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was done of all @entity438 repairs since January 1, 2000. Patency was defined as continued presence of palpable pulses or maintenance of postoperative ankle-brachial index +/- 0.15. Statistical methods included chi(2), t test, Fisher's exact test, and Kaplan-Meier plots with log-rank comparison. RESULTS: A total of 56 @entity438 repairs were performed. All @entity439 ( @entity439 , n = 15) were performed using Viabahn endoprostheses. @entity1 with open repair (OR, n = 41) underwent surgical bypass and @entity439 with great saphenous vein (n = 26), short saphenous vein (n = 3), or @entity736 (n = 12), through either a medial (n = 28) or posterior (n = 13) approach. All urgent cases received open repair. Technical success was 100% in both groups. Mean follow-up was 16.5 +/- 3 months (range, 0.5 to 56 months). @entity439 size, location, and outflow were similar between groups. Primary patency, secondary patency, and survival did not differ between groups. Endoleaks were observed in three (20%) of 15 endovascular cases, and @entity1070 were treated with additional endografts. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this represents the largest United States series of @entity439 to date. Early mid-term results of elective endovascular repair of popliteal artery @entity439 are encouraging. Further studies are warranted to define optimal indications for @entity439 and to generate long-term outcomes for this technique.

title: Mid-term outcomes of XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type I and III endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['EVPAR', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm exclusion', 'endovascular popliteal aneurysm repairs', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['popliteal artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['endovascular popliteal artery aneurysm']


abstract: We investigated the expression of @entity1551 , @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1552 mRNAs and their roles in @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and T1 and T2 @entity9962 . We further compared these two types of @entity189 for differences in microvessel density, and expression of angiogenic factors and CD44std. @entity1551 , @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1552 mRNA were expressed in both @entity3821 and @entity513 . Expression rates of @entity1551 , @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1552 mRNAs were not statistically different between @entity3821 and @entity513 , nor did they differ statistically when grouped by @entity5 size, histologic grade or nuclear grade of @entity513 . Microvessel density and expression of @entity7 and @entity2533 were not statistically different between @entity3821 and @entity513 . @entity1759 std expression was significantly increased in @entity3821 compared to @entity513 (p < 0.05) and it was also significantly increased in lower clinical stage, histologic grade and nuclear grade of @entity513 (p < 0.05). Axillary node @entity3 was significantly correlated with @entity1551 mRNA, @entity7 and @entity2533 expression (p < 0.05) and @entity1551 mRNA was positively correlated with @entity7 expression and @entity1552 mRNA (p < 0.05). In summary, patterns of MMP mRNA expression in @entity3821 and @entity513 suggest that the invasive potential of @entity0 is already achieved before morphologically overt invasive growth is observed. As @entity1551 mRNA expression is significantly correlated with axillary nodal @entity3 , it may be useful as a prognostic indicator of @entity513 . Considering the positive correlation of @entity1551 mRNA and @entity1552 mRNA expression, our finding supports a role for @entity1552 in @entity5 growth, as well as the utility of @entity1759 std as a prognostic indicator of @entity0 .

title: Expression of @entity1551 , @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1552 mRNAs in @entity3821 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinomas', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity9962 :: (MESH:D018270,Disease) :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: Serum hypergastrinemia promotes the growth of @entity14 . Some @entity2513 express cholecystokinin B/ @entity32861 receptor mRNA, and thus hypergastrinemia may increase progression through the adenoma- @entity189 sequence. This was investigated in the multiple intestinal @entity5 @entity1412 (Min-/+) mouse. Serum @entity32861 levels in @entity1412 (Min-/+) @entity19 were elevated 5-6-fold by oral administration of @entity4546 (75 mg/kg). Terminal @entity5 burden was monitored by onset of @entity417 . A labeling index was generated by immunohistochemical detection of @entity1603 incorporation. Serum @entity32861 was neutralized by antigastrin antibodies raised in situ by use of a @entity32861 immunogen, Gastrimmune. Hypergastrinemia resulted in reduced survival of the @entity1412 (Min-/+) @entity19 from a median survival of 13 weeks in the controls to 10 weeks following @entity4546 treatment (P < 0.00001, log-rank test). The labeling indices of @entity652 from the small and large intestines of @entity4546 -treated @entity19 were increased 35 and 29%, respectively (P < 0.05 and P < 0.025, respectively). Gastrimmune immunization reversed both the survival effect and the increased proliferation resulting from serum hypergastrinemia. Hypergastrinemia may promote the progression of existing @entity1049 by increasing proliferation. Clinical investigations should determine whether this occurs in the @entity1 scenario, considering the widespread use of proton pump inhibitors.

title: Hypergastrinemia promotes @entity652 in the XXXX (Min-/+) @entity19 model of @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant colonic lesions']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['APC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although administration of stress @entity1066 ( @entity43500 ) has been recommended for specific @entity1 in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, this practice has been extrapolated to care of non-ICU @entity1 without evidence to support need or efficacy. AIMS: To examine the practice of @entity43500 in non-ICU @entity1 in a university hospital setting, with specific attention to resource utilization. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of adult non-ICU admissions to one family medicine and five general internal medicine teaching services over a consecutive 4-month period. Proportion of @entity1 prescribed @entity43500 was ascertained after exclusion of @entity1 admitted on antisecretory therapy (AST) or prescribed AST for non- @entity43500 indications. Annual cost estimates were calculated assuming full compliance. RESULTS: Of 1,769 @entity1 admissions, 22% received @entity43500 and 54% of these were discharged home on AST. None of these @entity1 met evidence-based criteria for appropriate @entity43500 . Inpatient @entity43500 cost Dollars 11,024 over the 4 months of the study (Dollars 44,096 annually), and outpatient costs based on discharge prescriptions were Dollars 16,924 (Dollars 67,695 annually), yielding a total cost expenditure of Dollars 27,948 (Dollars 111,791 annually). CONCLUSION: @entity43500 is overutilized in the non-ICU setting, and @entity1 are often discharged unnecessarily on AST, resulting in significant cost expenditure. Interventions to ensure appropriate use of @entity43500 should decrease resource expenditures without detrimental impact on quality of care.

title: Magnitude and economic impact of inappropriate use of stress XXXX in non-ICU hospitalized @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ) is an increasingly popular invasive treatment for @entity3657 , but there have been very few controlled trials to justify its use. This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed to determine in @entity1 with mild and moderate @entity613 differences in outcome between @entity865 and conventional medical treatment after 2 years. METHODS: Six hundred @entity1 with @entity613 were screened at the Peripheral Vascular Clinic, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Sixty-two @entity1 with short femoral artery stenoses or occlusions (47 @entity1 ) and iliac stenoses (15 @entity1 ) were randomized to either @entity865 plus medical treatment ( @entity865 group, 30 @entity1 ) or to medical treatment alone (control group, 32 @entity1 ). Medical treatment consisted of daily low-dose @entity117 and advice on smoking and exercise. Outcome measures studied were @entity1 -reported maximum walking distance, exercise treadmill distance until onset of @entity613 , treadmill maximum walking distance, ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI), quality of life (Nottingham Health Profile), and duplex ultrasound-measured extent of @entity432 . RESULTS: At 2 years of follow-up, the @entity865 group and control subjects did not differ significantly in @entity1 -reported maximum walking, treadmill onset to @entity613 , treadmill maximum walking distances, or ABPI (p > 0.05). However, the @entity865 group had significantly fewer occluded arteries (p = 0.003) and a lesser degree of @entity850 (expressed in terms of the velocity ratio; p = 0.004) in patent arteries. Quality of life was not demonstrably different between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Two years after @entity865 , @entity1 had less extensive disease than medically treated @entity1 , but this did not translate into a significant advantage in terms of improved walking or quality of life. There are important implications for @entity1 management and future clinical research.

title: Is XXXX improved by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty? A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication', 'intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['intermittent claudication']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA and China, but the etiology of @entity409 , medical practice, and @entity1 expectations in these two countries are different. AIMS: To compare @entity1 knowledge about their @entity409 , @entity1 satisfaction with @entity409 care, and @entity1 medical decision-making preference in the USA and China. METHODS: Three cohorts of established adult @entity1 with @entity409 seen in liver clinics in Ann Arbor, USA, and Beijing (urban) and Hebei (rural), China, completed a survey between May and September 2014. RESULTS: A total of 990 @entity1 (395 USA, 398 Beijing, and 197 Hebei) were analyzed. Mean @entity409 knowledge score (maximum 5) in the USA, Beijing, and Hebei @entity1 was 4.1, 3.6, and 3.0, respectively (p  <  0.001). @entity10479 @entity1 had a greater preference for collaborative decision-making: 71.8  % preferred to make treatment decisions together with the doctor, while most Chinese @entity1 (74.6  % Beijing and 84.8  % Hebei) preferred passive decision-making. Mean satisfaction score (maximum 85) in the USA was higher than in Beijing, which in turn was higher than in Hebei (78.2 vs. 66.5 vs. 60.3, p  <  0.001). There was a positive correlation between @entity409 knowledge score and satisfaction score (r  =  0.27, p  <  0.001) and with collaborative medical decision-making (r  =  0.22, p  <  0.001) when responses from all sites were combined. CONCLUSIONS: @entity409 knowledge and @entity1 satisfaction were greatest in the USA, followed by Beijing and then Hebei @entity1 . Understanding these differences and associated factors may help to improve @entity1 outcomes.

title: A Comparative Study of XXXX Care in the USA and Urban and Rural China.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic liver disease', 'Liver disease', 'liver disease']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: Advanced, life-limiting illnesses are likely to have a predictable functional decline through a terminal phase to @entity204 , but some @entity1 may also die suddenly. To date, empirical evidence characterizing " @entity944 " in hospice/palliative care is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine prevalence and clinico-demographic predictors of @entity944 in hospice/palliative care. METHODS: Longitudinal consecutive cohort study of prospectively collected national data in 104 specialist palliative care services from the Australian Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration. @entity1 who died between1 July 2013 and 30 June 2014 with >= 1 measurement of Australian-modified Karnofsky Performance Status (AKPS) in the last 30 days of life were included. ' @entity944 ' was defined as a lowest AKPS >= 50 in the last seven days of life and excluded anyone with 'terminal phase' as their last phase prior to @entity204 . Predictors were defined using logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 13,966 @entity1 were included; mean age 73.6 (SD 13.6) years, 46% @entity1 , 77% had @entity5 . During the seven days before @entity204 , there were 20,992 AKPS measurements; median 1 (interquartile range [IQR], 1 to 2) per @entity1 . Four percent of deaths (1/25) were sudden, predicted independently by having @entity2 (OR 2.64), @entity65 (OR 1.94), other @entity5 (OR 1.63), being male (OR 1.23), younger, worse @entity1295 and worse @entity1353 . @entity944 was associated with higher rates of @entity204 at home; OR 3.2 (95% CI, 2.9 to 3.6). CONCLUSION: This study quantifies rates of @entity944 in hospice/palliative care and has implications for conversations about prognosis between clinicians, @entity1 and their families.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in Palliative Care: Data from the Australian Palliative Care Outcomes Collaborative (PCOC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden Death']


abstract: @entity364 caused by invasive @entity364 , such as @entity2583 , occurs predominantly in an immunocompromised @entity1 . However, @entity3478 are rare and are usually associated with @entity465 . They are difficult to diagnose, and in many cases are fatal. Treatment consists of antifungal chemotherapy, radical surgical debridement, and control of the underlying immunological condition. We report a case of @entity2583 in a @entity1 with @entity6 . The @entity1 had a history of dental pathology and associated @entity8 . The @entity1 was managed by extensive surgical debridement followed by @entity2379 lipid complex injection (Abelcet 5 mg/bw kg/day) as an antifungal agent. Our @entity1 's ocular function was affected. The radical treatment and follow-up by a multidisciplinary team eliminated the mucor-related consequences, however, the @entity1 died because of @entity454 . In conclusion, type 1 @entity6 may be associated with @entity364 .

title: @entity2583 mimicks sinusitis in a XXXX adult.

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['Mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cranial bone mycoses']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['invasive fungal sinusitis', 'fungal infections', 'Fungal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['host immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The effects of dwarfing alleles (reduced height, Rht) in near isogenic lines on @entity3505 grain quality are characterised in field experiments and related to effects on crop height, grain yield and GA-sensitivity. Alleles included those that conferred GA-insensitivity (Rht-B1b, Rht-B1c, Rht-D1b, Rht-D1c) as well as those that retained GA-sensitivity (rht(tall), Rht8, Rht8 + Ppd-D1a, Rht12). Full characterisation was facilitated by including factors with which the effects of Rht alleles are known to interact for grain yield (i.e. system, [conventional or organic]; tillage intensity [plough-based, minimum or zero]; @entity1568 fertilizer level [0-450 kg N/ha]; and genetic backgrounds varying in height [cvs Maris Huntsman, Maris Widgeon, and Mercia]. Allele effects on mean grain weight and grain specific weight were positively associated with final crop height: dwarfing reduced these quality criteria irrespective of crop management or GA-sensitivity. In all but two experiments the effects of dwarfing alleles on grain @entity1568 and @entity26687 concentrations were closely and negatively related to effects on grain yield, e.g. a quadratic relationship between grain yield and crop height manipulated by the GA-insensitive alleles was mirrored by quadratic relationships for @entity1568 and @entity26687 concentrations: the highest yields and most dilute concentrations occurred around 80cm. In one of the two exceptional experiments the GA-insensitive Rht-B1b and Rht-B1c significantly (P<0.05) reduced grain @entity1568 concentration in the absence of an effect on yield, and in the remaining experiment the GA-sensitive Rht8 significantly reduced both grain yield and grain @entity1568 concentration simultaneously. When Rht alleles diluted grain @entity1568 concentration, N:S ratios and @entity214 -sedimentation volumes were often improved. Hagberg falling number (HFN) was negatively related to crop height but benefits from dwarfing were only seen for GA-insensitive alleles. For HFN, therefore, there was the strongest evidence for a direct pleiotropic effect of GA-insensitivity, rather than an effect consequential to yield and/or height.

title: Reduced Height (Rht) Alleles Affect XXXX Grain Quality.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['Wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab and the antimetabolites @entity416 and @entity136 have been shown to improve outcomes when added to @entity6023 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . The primary aims of this trial were to determine whether the addition of @entity416 or @entity136 to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1205 , followed by @entity632 plus @entity786 , would increase the rates of pathological complete response in the breast in @entity1 with operable, @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 )-negative @entity0 and whether adding bevacizumab to these chemotherapy regimens would increase the rates of pathological complete response. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1206 @entity1 to receive neoadjuvant therapy consisting of @entity1205 (100 mg per square meter of body-surface area on day 1), @entity1205 (75 mg per square meter on day 1) plus @entity416 (825 mg per square meter twice a day on days 1 to 14), or @entity1205 (75 mg per square meter on day 1) plus @entity136 (1000 mg per square meter on days 1 and 8) for four cycles, with all regimens followed by treatment with @entity632 - @entity786 for four cycles. @entity1 were also randomly assigned to receive or not to receive bevacizumab (15 mg per kilogram of body weight) for the first six cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The addition of @entity416 or @entity136 to @entity1205 therapy, as compared with @entity1205 therapy alone, did not significantly increase the rate of pathological complete response (29.7% and 31.8%, respectively, vs. 32.7%; P=0.69). Both @entity416 and @entity136 were associated with increased toxic effects--specifically, the @entity8566 , @entity33 , and @entity1398 . The addition of bevacizumab significantly increased the rate of pathological complete response (28.2% without bevacizumab vs. 34.5% with bevacizumab, P=0.02). The effect of bevacizumab on the rate of pathological complete response was not the same in the hormone-receptor-positive and hormone-receptor-negative subgroups. The addition of bevacizumab increased the rates of @entity101 , @entity1002 , the @entity8566 , and @entity33 . CONCLUSIONS: The addition of bevacizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly increased the rate of pathological complete response, which was the primary end point of this study. (Funded by the National @entity5 Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00408408.).

title: Bevacizumab added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the technique of laparoscopic radical trachelectomy (LRT) and laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy for early @entity5 . DESIGN: Stepwise explanation of the technique using videos and pictures (educational video). Over the past 15 years, gynecological oncologists have sought ways to preserve female fertility when treating @entity3 . Many cases of @entity5 have been diagnosed in young @entity1 with a desire to preserve their fertility. As more @entity1 are delaying childbearing, fertility preservation has become an important consideration. Radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy represent the standard surgical treatment for stage IA2- @entity3846 @entity5 [1]. In some @entity1 with small localized @entity3 , there is hope for a pregnancy after treatment. Vaginal radical trachelectomy (VRT) is a fertility preserving surgical procedure for early @entity5 . The National @entity5 Network has published guidelines stating that radical trachelectomy is part of the standard of care for @entity1 desiring to preserve their future fertility[2]. Since Dargent introduced VRT in 1987 and first reporte dits use in 1994[3], more than 1000 cases of VRT have been reported involving more than 250 live birth. The @entity5 recurrence rate is between 4,2 and 5,3%, and the mortality rate is between 2,5 and 3,2%[4]. However, VRT has several limitations despite results demonstrating the safety of the procedure. One limitation is that it is an inadequate procedure for nulliparous @entity1 and those with history of previous conization with adverse vaginal anatomy. In addition, it is difficult to learn the techniques involved in radical vaginal surgery. In recent years, with the rapidly growing availability of laparoscopy surgery, LRT was introduced. It is expected that this novel surgical technique will compensate for the deficiences of VRT. There is limited published information about this procedure. To date, 86 cases of LRT have been reported in 10 series in the litterature[5-13], including our study. No one describe the technique with an original video. INTERVENTIONS: In this video, the authors report a case of @entity1544 (stage FIGO @entity3846 ) treated with LRT and pelvic lymphadenectomy with round ligament and uterine artery preservation. CONCLUSION: LRT appears to be a safe option for @entity1 who intend to maintain their desire of a future pregnancy.

title: Type B laparoscopic radical trachelectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer', 'stage cervical cancers', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell tumor of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: AIMS: The present study investigates the expression and clinical relevance of the constitutive NO synthases in heart and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from @entity712 @entity1 . MAIN METHODS: mRNA and protein levels (qRT-PCR and immunoblot) of eNOS and @entity2821 were determined in: i) Left ventricle (LV, n=4) and PBMCs (n=10) from healthy donors; ii) LV, right ventricle (RV) and PBMCs of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 (n=32); and iii) biopsies and PBMCs of the @entity712 @entity1 after cardiac transplant (n=15). KEY FINDINGS: Expression of constitutive NOS isoforms in heart exhibits wide variability in @entity712 @entity1 , but this variability was not related to aetiology, disease severity, concomitant pathologies or drug regimes. A significantly increased eNOS expression was found in LV from @entity712 @entity1 without vs. with @entity120 . Overall, higher eNOS expression in this chamber was associated with lower pulmonary arterial pressure. Furthermore, a higher eNOS expression in @entity712 is associated with smaller LV diameter, whereas, a higher post-transplant eNOS expression is related to greater cardiac distensibility. In the RV, @entity2821 increased after transplant. The positive correlation found between the @entity2821 expression in the LV of @entity712 @entity1 and the cardiac index suggests a role for this isoform in facilitating cardiac work. A decreased expression of eNOS was observed in PBMCs from @entity712 @entity1 vs. healthy donors, which recovers after transplant. SIGNIFICANCE: A selective up-regulation of the cardiac expression of each NOS isoform in the failing heart, which is not mirrored by PBMCs, is related to an improved health status.

title: Myocardial and lymphocytic expression of eNOS and XXXX before and after heart transplantation: relationship to clinical status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity2821 :: (4842,Gene) :: ['nNOS']


abstract: Between March, 1980 and July, 1984, 165 multiple mucosal biopsies were performed in 111 @entity1 with @entity150 . Of these 165 multiple mucosal biopsies, 87 were performed in new cases and 78 in recurrent cases: 147 were performed under in vivo staining with intravesical @entity6693 . Before @entity5 resection, biopsies were taken with a flexible cup biopsy forceps from non-tumorous urothelium lateral to the ureteral orifices, in the midline posteriorly, from both lateral wall and bladder neck, adjacent to the @entity5 and from the @entity5 itself. @entity854 in this paper indicate @entity1606 , microinvasion of @entity2735 , @entity2735 , @entity1141 and @entity1373 . In the total 955 biopsy specimens, @entity1606 was found in 45 (4.7%), microinvasion of @entity2735 in 30 (3.1%), @entity2735 in 55 (5.8%), @entity1141 in 27 (2.8%), @entity1373 in 141 (1.5%), squamous metaplasia in 4 (0.4%), @entity2335 in 58 (6.1%), @entity32 in 230 (24.1%) and normal epithelium in 492 (51.5%). The frequency of @entity854 in biopsied specimens was 14.8% in new cases, 21.1% in recurrent cases, the difference being statistically significant (P less than 0.01). @entity1606 and @entity1141 were more common in mucosal biopsies of recurrent cases than those of new cases (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.05). The frequency of @entity854 was 11.5% in 836 biopsy specimens from cystoscopically normal-looking mucosa, while 65.5% in 119 biopsy specimens from grossly abnormal mucosa, the difference being statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Of histological @entity1606 , microinvasion of @entity189 in situ were more common in biopsy specimens from grossly abnormal mucosa than those from normal-looking mucosa (P less than 0.001). The frequency of @entity854 in mucosal biopsy was 11.4% in @entity1 who exhibited a @entity5 , and 26.7% in those with @entity5 , the difference being significant (P less than 0.005). Biopsies of mucosa adjacent to a visible @entity5 were abnormal most frequently (26.9%), while those taken lateral to the ureteral orifices, from the midline posteriorly and from both lateral wall revealed a slightly lower rate of abnormal findings. The frequency of @entity854 in mucosal biopsy was 7.7% in @entity1 with G1 @entity5 , 15.8% in those with G2 @entity5 and 36.0% in those with G3 @entity5 . The @entity854 increased with the increase in the grade of main @entity5 ; this correlation was statistically significant (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Studies on multiple mucosal biopsy in @entity1 with @entity150 . 1. Evaluation of the results of multiple mucosal biopsy in XXXX with @entity150 and in vivo @entity6693 staining].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'single tumor', 'endoscopic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ and carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Histological abnormalities', 'histological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'Transitional cell carcinoma', 'abnormalities, transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative cystitis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Taste is a crucial factor of meat quality, and @entity3534 are important taste-active components in meat. Here, the effects of dietary @entity376 ( @entity9108 ) content on taste-active components in meat, especially free @entity3264 ( @entity367 ), were investigated. Twenty-eight-day-old broilers ( @entity1573 ) were fed diets with graded @entity9108 content of 90% or 100% of the recommended @entity9108 requirement, (according to the National Research Council, ) for 10 days. Free @entity3689 content in meat and sensory scores of meat soup were estimated. Free @entity367 content, the main taste-active component of meat, was significantly increased by a reduction of dietary @entity9108 . Compared with the @entity9108 100% group (control), free @entity367 concentrations of meat were increased by 35.7% in the @entity9108 90% group (P < 0.05). In addition, free @entity8959 , @entity4857 , @entity6778 , @entity368 , @entity3793 and @entity1889 concentrations of meat were significantly increased in the @entity9108 90% group (P < 0.05). Sensory evaluation of meat soup made from the @entity9108 100% and 90% groups indicated different meat tastes. Sensory scores of taste intensity, umami and kokumi tastes were significantly higher in the @entity9108 90% group. These results suggest that a reduction of dietary @entity376 increased free @entity3264 content in meat and improved its taste.

title: Reduction of dietary XXXX increases free @entity3264 content in @entity1573 meat and improves its taste.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['Gallus gallus']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Reactive @entity26 species favor reproductive processes at low concentrations, but damage spermatozoa and decrease their fertilizing capacity at high concentrations. During @entity32 of the accessory sex glands reactive @entity26 species overproduction may occur which, in turn, may negatively impact on sperm motility, sperm DNA fragmentation, and lipid peroxidation. A number of nutraceutical formulations containing antioxidant molecules have been developed to counteract the deleterious effects of the oxidative stress. A recent formulation containing @entity219 , @entity12161 , and @entity7447 is present in the pharmaceutical market. Based on these premises, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of this combination on spermatozoa in vitro. The study was conducted on 24 @entity1 (32.2        5.5 years): 12 normozoospermic @entity1 and 12 asthenozoospermic @entity1 . Spermatozoa from each sample were divided into two control aliquots (aliquot A and B) and an aliquot incubated with @entity219 , @entity12161 , and @entity7447 (aliquot C). After 3  h of incubation, the following parameters were evaluated: progressive motility, number of spermatozoa with progressive motility recovered after swim-up, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation. Incubation with @entity219 , @entity12161 , and @entity7447 maintained sperm motility in normozoospermic @entity1 (37.7        1.2   % vs. 35.8        2.3   % at time zero) and improved it significantly in asthenozoospermic @entity1 (26.5        1.9   % vs. 18.8        2.0   % at time zero) (p   <   0.01). This resulted in a significantly higher (p   <   0.01) number of spermatozoa with progressive motility recovered after swim-up in both normozospermic @entity1 (4.1        0.9 vs. 3.3        1.0  millions) and asthenozooseprmic @entity1 (3.2        0.8 vs. 1.6        0.5  millions). Finally, a statistically significant lower sperm lipid peroxidation was found after incubation with @entity219 , @entity12161 , and @entity7447 (p   <   0.05) in both normozospermic @entity1 (1.0        0.4   % vs. 2.4        0.9   %) and asthenozooseprmic @entity1 (0.2        0.1   % vs. 0.6        0.2   %). No statistically significant effect was observed on sperm DNA fragmentation. This nutraceutical formulation may be indicated in vitro during the separation of the spermatozoa in the assisted reproduction techniques, during which the spermatozoa undergo an increased oxidative stress.

title: In vitro effects of XXXX , @entity12161 , and @entity7447 on sperm function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['infection and/or inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12161 :: ('CHEBI:17364', 'Chemical') :: ['D-aspartic acid']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: PURPOSE: Many residents of assisted living (AL) have @entity102 that are difficult to manage, including @entity712 ( @entity712 ), @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We estimated the amount and intensity of care delivered by the staff for residents with these conditions. METHODS: We performed a secondary data analysis from the Maryland Assisted Living (MDAL) Study (399  residents, 29 facilities). In- @entity1 assessments included measures of cognition, function, @entity308 , and general medical health. Diagnosis of @entity712 , @entity1030 , and @entity6 , as well as current medications was abstracted from AL medical charts. Measures of care utilization were operationalized at the resident level as: 1) minutes per day of direct care (caregiver activity scale [CAS]), 2) subjective staff ratings of care burden, and 3) assigned AL "level of care" (based on state regulatory criteria). RESULTS: In best fit regression models, @entity712 and @entity6 were not significant predictors of the evaluated care utilization measures; however, @entity1030 was independently associated with increased minutes per day of direct care - 34% of the variance in the caregiver activity scale was explained by degree of functional dependency, @entity73 , age, and presence of @entity1030 . Functional dependency, @entity308 , and age explained almost a quarter (23%) of the variance of staff care burden rating. For the AL level of care intensity rating, degree of functional dependency, level of cognition, and age were significant correlates, together explaining about 28% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity1030 was a significant predictor of time per day of direct care. However, @entity712 and @entity6 were not correlates of care utilization measures. Functional and @entity73 was associated with measures of care utilization, reiterating the importance of these characteristics in the utilization and intensity of care consumed by AL residents. Further study of this population could reveal other forms and amounts of care utilization.

title: The XXXX on care utilization among assisted living residents.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['impact of complex chronic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Serial brain MRI is widely used in pilot studies of new agents to monitor treatment efficacy in relapsing-remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) @entity15 ( @entity15 ). For pilot trials, sample size calculations for the RR subgroup are based on the data from small numbers of @entity1 and separate calculations for the SP subgroup have not been performed. The present study considers these issues. METHODS: The sample size calculations were based on data from six months of monthly T2 weighted and @entity2287 enhanced MRI in 31 RR and 28 SP untreated @entity1 undergoing natural history studies or in the placebo arm of a therapeutic trial. The calculations were for a placebo controlled, parallel groups design lasting six months. The sample sizes were based on bootstrap analysis with an 80% likelihood of showing a given treatment effect. RESULTS: With a single pretreatment scan, demonstration of a 70% reduction in newly active lesions required 2x30 RR and 2x50 SP @entity1 . With an extra run-in scan one month before treatment, the sample sizes were 2x20 for RR and 2x30 for SP @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The sample sizes required for RR @entity1 were comparable with previous smaller studies. Larger sample sizes were needed for the SP group, but the extra run in scan resulted in a reduction in both groups. The larger sample sizes in the SPMS group were probably due to the combination of a higher proportion of @entity1 with low MRI activity (< or =2 active MRI lesions in 50% of SP and 32% RR @entity1 ), as well as a few @entity1 who displayed extremely high activity, thus increasing interpatient variability. These data should be considered in planning pilot MRI outcome trials.

title: Exploratory treatment trials in XXXX using MRI: sample size calculations for relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive subgroups using placebo controlled parallel groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The low background incidence of @entity5 in rodents from subchronic @entity137 studies makes it difficult to assess their relevance, especially when present only in treated animals. This report investigates the occurrence of @entity703 ( @entity703 ), specifically the amphophilic-vacuolar (AV) phenotypic variant, in young Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 from a survey of laboratories conducting subchronic @entity137 studies spanning a period of 10 years (2002-2012). This survey establishes a general profile of @entity5 occurrence; it does not estimate overall incidence or prevalence. @entity5 are spontaneous, nontreatment-related @entity5 of familial origin, and morphologically distinct from conventional @entity703 induced by exposure to @entity8 . They are composed of distinct lobules of large, round to polyhedral cells with vacuolated amphophilic to eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. Data from five collaborating laboratories, representing 37 qualifying studies, are presented. In total, 58 @entity703 were recorded in this data set. The @entity5 variant was reported more commonly than the conventional RTT (n = 45 and 13, respectively), and it was recorded in both experimental (n = 32) and control (n = 13) groups. @entity5 occurred more often in females (n = 34) than in males (n = 11); conventional @entity703 were recorded more often in males (n = 9) than in females (n = 4). @entity5 often occurred in more than one @entity35 within the same study (up to 7) and were documented to occur in @entity35 as young as 7 to 10 weeks of age. Results from this survey indicate that @entity5 are being reported more commonly in recent years; the majority (n = 33) were reported in studies commencing since 2009. In conclusion, this study reaffirms that @entity5 are spontaneous, nontreatment-related lesions, and suggests that they may be more common than conventional @entity703 in young SD @entity35 . The authors propose that @entity5 be recorded separately from conventional @entity703 in order to clearly distinguish these two @entity703 from one another and allow for appropriate interpretation of a compound's potential carcinogenic effect in the kidney.

title: Occurrence of spontaneous @entity703 in @entity35 from subchronic XXXX studies.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinogens']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'AV tumors', 'AV tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['RTTs', 'renal tubule tumors', 'renal tubule neoplasms']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study was designed to assess the value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging (PET/CT) in the post-treatment evaluation of the @entity1 with @entity1204 and to compare PET/CT scan with conventional imaging (CI) including computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and @entity10224 with both 20U/ml and 35U/ml cut-off values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 31 @entity1 who were treated for histopathologically proven @entity1204 , underwent PET/CT examination for restaging and suspected recurrence. Thirty five PET/CT studies were performed in 31 @entity1 . Lesion status was determined on the basis of clinical follow-up including radiological imaging (follow-up CT scan) at least 6 months and response to therapy. RESULTS: Of the 35 PET/CT studies, 13 (37%) studies were positive, whereas 22 (63%) of them were negative. On study-based analysis the overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy for PET/CT imaging were 100%, 96% and 97%, respectively. The corresponding information for CI were 46%, 87% and 74%, for @entity10224 (cut off=20U/ml) measurement were 45%, 88% and 74%, and for @entity10224 (cut off=35U/ml) measurement were 27%, 100% and 78%, respectively. On lesion-based analysis, PET/CT revealed only one false positive case. In none of 21 @entity1 with negative 22 PET/CT studies, no subsequent clinical or radiological recurrences were observed with a follow-up of at least 6 months. CONCLUSION: FDG-PET/CT is found more useful modality than CI and @entity10224 in the evaluation of post-treatment @entity1204 @entity1 , for suspected recurrence.

title: The value of FDG-PET/CT in the post-treatment evaluation of @entity1204 : a comparison of PET/CT findings with conventional imaging and XXXX as a tumour marker.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity10224 :: (94025,Gene) :: ['CA 125']


abstract: Fusarium wilt of banana is caused by the soil-borne fungus @entity4278 @entity10327 . cubense (Foc). The fact that there are no economically viable biological, chemical, or cultural measures of controlling the disease in an infected field leads to search for alternative strategies involving activation of the plant's innate defense system. The mechanisms underlying @entity262 ( @entity262 ) are much less understood in monocots than in dicots. Since systemic protection of plants by attenuated or avirulent pathogens is a typical @entity262 response, the establishment of a biologically induced @entity262 model in banana is helpful to investigate the mechanism of @entity262 to Fusarium wilt. This paper described one such model using incompatible Foc race 1 to induce resistance against Foc tropical race 4 in an in vitro pathosystem. Consistent with the observation that the @entity262 provided the highest level of protection when the time interval between @entity281 and challenge inoculation was 10d, the activities of defense-related enzymes such as @entity815 ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), @entity3978 oxidase (PPO, EC 1.14.18.1), and @entity224 dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) in systemic tissues also reached the maximum level and were 2.00-2.43 times higher than that of the corresponding controls on the tenth day. The total @entity3785 (SA) content in roots of banana plantlets increased from about 1 to more than 5  g g      FW after the second leaf being inoculated with Foc race 1. The systemic up-regulation of MaNPR1A and MaNPR1B was followed by the second up-regulation of PR-1 and PR-3. Although SA and @entity7214 (JA)/ @entity1786 (ET) signaling are mostly antagonistic, systemic expression of PR genes regulated by different signaling pathways were simultaneously up-regulated after @entity281 , indicating that both pathways are involved in the activation of the @entity262 .

title: Systemic acquired resistance in Cavendish banana induced by infection with an incompatible strain of @entity4278 XXXX . cubense.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic acquired resistance', 'SAR']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity10327 :: (239,Species) :: ['f. sp']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) is related closely to the tumorigenesis of @entity150 , and @entity3840 inhibitor has potential antitumor effect. This study was to investigate the effects of selective @entity3840 inhibitors on the proliferation and apoptosis of @entity1 @entity150 cell line T24. METHODS: The effects of selective @entity3840 inhibitors @entity25592 and @entity12698 , and nonselective COX inhibitor @entity3352 on the proliferation of @entity1 cells were evaluated by @entity98 assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry (FCM), DNA ladder electrophoresis, and fluorescent microscopy with @entity2455 staining. The expression of apoptosis-related genes @entity588 and @entity589 were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Within concentrations of 12.5-200 micromol/L, @entity25592 , @entity12698 , and @entity3352 could inhibit the proliferation of @entity1 cells to different extents. @entity25592 tended to be more effective than the other two. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of @entity25592 was determined to be 25-50 micromol/L. The apoptosis of @entity1 cells was enhanced after exposure to @entity25592 . When treated with 100 micromol/L @entity25592 for 6 and 12 h, the apoptosis rates of @entity1 cells were (7.95+/-1.88)% and (12.5+/-2.42)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of control cells (P<0.05). But the expression of @entity588 and @entity589 genes did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Selective @entity3840 inhibitor could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of @entity1 cells.

title: [Effects of selective @entity3840 inhibitor on proliferation and apoptosis of XXXX @entity150 cell line T24].

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The relationship of blood pressure sensitivity to @entity1372 with plasma @entity2690 concentration was examined in young adult (22 to 28 yr) blacks (N = 45). The study included normotensive and borderline @entity101 subjects. Blood pressure sensitivity to @entity1372 was determined by the change in mean blood pressure after 14 days of @entity1372 loading (10 g of @entity1219 daily plus usual diet). Plasma @entity2690 concentration was determined during an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT). The correlation of fasting plasma @entity2690 concentration with blood pressure or blood pressure sensitivity to @entity1372 was not statistically significant. There was a significant correlation (after adjustment for adiposity) of blood pressure sensitivity to @entity1372 with both the sum of @entity2690 (r = 0.41; P < 0.01) and the 60-min plasma @entity2690 concentration during the OGTT. The plasma @entity2690 concentration at 60 min during the OGTT correlated significantly with the change in mean arterial pressure over a 5-yr interval (r = 0.36; P < 0.02). There was a similar significant correlation of blood pressure sensitivity to @entity1372 with change in mean arterial pressure over 5 yr (r = 0.48; P < 0.001). These data demonstrate an association of @entity3190 and blood pressure sensitivity to @entity1372 in the young. The data also suggest that @entity2690 may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity101 in the black population.

title: @entity3190 and blood pressure sensitivity to XXXX in young blacks.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors previously reported the usefulness of trabeculotomy ab externo for the treatment of primary @entity1538 in adult @entity1 . In an attempt to elucidate the long-term risk-to-benefit ratio of this surgical modality in combination with @entity231 surgery, the authors conducted a retrospective study of the surgical effects and complications of a triple procedure: phacoemulsification, implantation (of an intraocular lens), and trabeculotomy ( @entity558 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 treated with @entity558 at multiple hospitals. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual function data were obtained from @entity1 after @entity558 as an initial surgical treatment in cases where antiglaucoma medications failed to resolve uncontrolled IOP (higher than 21 mm Hg). Included in this study were 96 eyes of 64 @entity1 with primary @entity1538 and coexisting @entity231 . The mean follow-up period was 22.6 +/- 14.7 months (range 3-56 months). RESULTS: In 94 (98%) of the 96 eyes, the IOP was well controlled, having achieved a level of 21 mm Hg or lower at the final examinations. The mean preoperative IOP of the 33 eyes that underwent the triple procedure using a single flap method ( @entity558 -I) was 24.3 +/- 3.9 mm Hg, with an average of 2.1 +/- 1.1 medications. At the final examinations, the mean IOP had dropped to 16.0 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, with an average of 1.2 +/- 1.2 medications. The mean preoperative IOP of the 63 eyes that underwent the triple procedure using a double flap method ( @entity558 -II) was 26.2 +/- 6.2 mm Hg, with an average of 1.9 +/- 1.2 medications. At the final examination, the mean IOP for this group was 15.6 +/- 2.9 mm Hg, with an average of 1.0 +/- 0.9 medications. CONCLUSION: The long-term results from this multicenter study showed that the triple procedure, @entity558 , can be useful and effective as an initial surgical treatment for @entity1538 in @entity726 @entity1 with coexisting @entity231 .

title: Trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification and implantation of an intraocular lens for the treatment of primary XXXX and coexisting @entity231 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Participatory Web 2.0 interventions promote collaboration to support @entity102 self-management. Growth in Web 2.0 interventions has led to the emergence of e- @entity1 communication tools that enable older adults to (1) locate and share disease management information and (2) receive interactive healthcare advice. The evolution of older e- @entity1 contributing to Web 2.0 health and medical forums has led to greater opportunities for achieving better @entity102 outcomes. To date, there are no review articles investigating the planning, implementation, and evaluation of Web 2.0 @entity102 self-management interventions for older adults. OBJECTIVE: To review the planning, implementation, and overall effectiveness of Web 2.0 self-management interventions for older adults (mean age >=  50) with one or more @entity102 (s). METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using six popular health science databases. The RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) model was used to organize findings and compute a study quality score (SQS) for 15 reviewed articles. RESULTS: Most interventions were adopted for delivery by multidisciplinary healthcare teams and tested among small samples of white females with @entity6 . Studies indicated that Web 2.0 @entity1 felt greater self-efficacy for managing their disease(s) and benefitted from communicating with health care providers and/or website moderators to receive feedback and social support. @entity1 noted asynchronous communication tools (eg, email, discussion boards) and progress tracking features (eg, graphical displays of uploaded personal data) as being particularly useful for self-management support. Despite high attrition being noted as problematic, this review suggests that greater Web 2.0 engagement may be associated with improvements in health behaviors (eg, physical activity) and health status (eg, HRQoL). However, few studies indicated statistically significant improvements in medication adherence, biological outcomes, or health care utilization. Mean SQS scores were notably low (mean=63%, SD 18%). Studies were judged to be weakest on the Maintenance dimension of RE-AIM; 13 reviewed studies (87%) did not describe any measures taken to sustain Web 2.0 effects past designated study time periods. Detailed process and impact evaluation frameworks were also missing in almost half (n=7) of the reviewed interventions. CONCLUSIONS: There is need for a greater understanding of the costs and benefits associated with using @entity1 -centered Web 2.0 technologies for @entity102 self-management. More research is needed to determine whether the long-term effectiveness of these programs is sustainable among larger, more diverse samples of chronically ill @entity1 . The effective translation of new knowledge, social technologies, and engagement techniques will likely result in novel approaches for empowering, engaging, and educating older adults with @entity102 .

title: Web 2.0 XXXX self-management for older adults: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: The i.v. injection of a rabbit anti-rat thymocyte serum (ATS) induces mesangiolysis in @entity35 , followed by a mesangioproliferative @entity631 (4 to 7 days after antibody). This proliferative lesion disappears 4 to 6 wks after antibody. In order to induce an antibody-mediated @entity8 , uninephrectomized @entity35 received ATS twice at 6-wk interval. At 6 months after the first antibody injection, @entity633 , arterial blood pressure, and inulin clearances were evaluated and renal morphologic studies were performed. At the time of evaluation, mean arterial blood pressure and inulin clearances were not different between animals that received the antibody and uninephrectomized controls. @entity35 that were injected with antibody, however, had significantly higher @entity633 compared with that of controls. Glomeruli of @entity35 with ATS revealed expansion of the glomerular mesangial matrix and focal @entity1463 . A semiquantitative morphologic analysis revealed an increased incidence of @entity8 and a higher glomerular damage index in kidneys of nephritic @entity35 . These data demonstrate that the repetitive injection of ATS to unilaterally nephrectomized @entity35 induces a model of chronic @entity8 .

title: Morphologic and functional consequences of immune-mediated mesangiolysis: development of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic glomerular disease', 'glomerular sclerosis', 'glomerular lesions']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between @entity43 and the presence of deep infiltrating @entity46 in a sample of @entity1 of the South of Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in all @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment of @entity46 from January 2010 to June 2012. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or not of @entity43 . @entity1 presenting an @entity43 were subsequently divided into 2 groups according to the diameter of the @entity46 (<40 and >= 40 mm). The following parameters were compared between the groups: cancer antigen (CA) 125 level, size of the @entity46 , presence and number of @entity75 . The statistical analysis was performed with Statistica version 8.0 using Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test, when needed. The p values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 201 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic surgical treatment of @entity46 . Fifty-five @entity1 (27.9%) presented @entity43 and 180 @entity1 (89.5%) presented DIE confirmed by pathologic examination. @entity1 presenting an @entity43 had higher CA 125 levels (39.5 versus 24.1 U/mL; p<0.01) and stronger association with the presence of @entity75 (98.2 versus 86.2%; p=0.01) and intestinal DIE (57.1 versus 37.9%; p=0.01). There was no difference between the groups with @entity46 <40 and >= 40 mm. CONCLUSIONS: @entity43 is a marker for the presence of @entity75 , including intestinal DIE.

title: [Association between @entity43 and deep infiltrating XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometrioma', 'Ovarian endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis (DIE) lesions', 'endometriomas', 'endometrioma', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['DIE lesions', 'deep lesions']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']