abstract: Goswami (1986, 1988) has demonstrated that @entity1 can use orthographic analogies (particularly at the onset-rime level) between the spelling patterns in words to help to decode new words (e.g. using 'beak' to read 'peak'). This strategy has been shown in @entity1 as young as six years old. Since it is known that @entity1 with @entity245 find it particularly difficult to read words that they have not been specifically taught (Lovett, Warren-Chaplin, Ransby _ Borden, 1990), the present study investigated whether dyslexic @entity1 might be unable to use analogies. Employing a design similar to that used by Goswami (1988), it was hypothesized that dyslexics would find it difficult to transfer spontaneously knowledge of a 'clue' word to decode new words that could be read by analogy with the clue word. The results of Expt 1 indicated that the dyslexic readers read significantly fewer of the analogous words than a reading age-matched comparison group of younger @entity1 . Furthermore, none of the nine dyslexic @entity1 read as many of the analogous words as the lowest scoring control @entity1 . In a second experiment, a design similar to that of Muter, Snowling _ Taylor (1994) was used with a new and larger sample of dyslexic @entity1 . In this experiment, all the @entity1 were brought to criterion in reading the clue words before the analogous words were presented. Once again, the dyslexic @entity1 read significantly fewer words that were analogous with the clue words than did a reading age-matched comparison group. The number of analogous words that the dyslexic @entity1 read was significantly correlated with their performance on a test that is sensitive to the ability to detect rhyme. It is argued that a failure to make analogies may be one of the main causes of the reading impairment experienced by @entity1 with @entity245 .

title: Orthographic analogies and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental dyslexia']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['developmental dyslexia']


abstract: Adult @entity1 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are multipotent cells, which are abundant, easily collected, and bypass the ethical concerns that plague embryonic stem cells. Their utility and accessibility have led to the rapid development of clinical investigations to explore their autologous and allogeneic cellular-based regenerative potential, tissue preservation capabilities, anti-inflammatory properties, and anticancer properties, among others. hAMSCs are typically cultured under ambient conditions with 21% @entity26 . However, physiologically, hAMSCs exist in an environment of much lower @entity26 tension. Furthermore, hAMSCs cultured in standard conditions have shown limited proliferative and migratory capabilities, as well as limited viability. This study investigated the effects hypoxic culture conditions have on primary intraoperatively derived hAMSCs. hAMSCs cultured under @entity519 (hAMSCs-H) remained multipotent, capable of differentiation into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. In addition, hAMSCs-H grew faster and exhibited less cell death. Furthermore, hAMSCs-H had greater motility than normoxia-cultured hAMSCs and exhibited greater homing ability to @entity463 ( @entity463 ) derived from @entity1313 -initiating cells from our @entity1 in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, hAMSCs-H did not transform into @entity5 -associated fibroblasts in vitro and were not tumorigenic in vivo. Rather, hAMSCs-H promoted the differentiation of @entity1313 cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest an alternative culturing technique that can enhance the function of hAMSCs, which may be necessary for their use in the treatment of various pathologies including @entity64 , @entity583 , @entity746 , and @entity463 .

title: @entity519 -cultured XXXX adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are non-oncogenic and have enhanced viability, motility, and tropism to @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Internationally, the utilization of minimally invasive techniques for @entity356 resection has been increasing since first introduced in 1994. In the USA, the feasibility and safety of these techniques for @entity5 have not yet been demonstrated. METHODS: The University HealthSystem Consortium database was queried for gastrectomies performed between 2008 and 2013. Any adult @entity1 with an abdominal visceral malignancy that necessitated gastric resection was included in the cohort. Clinicopathological and in-hospital outcome metrics were collected for open, laparoscopic, and robotic procedures. RESULTS: Open gastrectomies comprised 89.5  % of the total study group, while 8.2  % of procedures were performed laparoscopically, and 2.3  % were performed with robotic assistance. When accounting for disparities in @entity1 severity of illness and risk of mortality subclass designations, there were no significant differences in mean length of stay, 30-day readmission, and in-hospital mortality between the three groups; however, mean total cost was highest in the robotic-assisted group (P  =  0.017). Overall, complication rates were also similar; however, there was a higher incidence of superficial infection in the laparoscopic group (P  =  0.013) and a higher incidence of @entity1211 in the robotic group (P  =  0.038). CONCLUSION: Despite widespread adoption for benign indications, minimally invasive gastrectomy for @entity5 remains underutilized in the USA. In these @entity1 , laparoscopic and robot-assisted gastrectomies appear to be comparable to open resection with respect to overall complications, length of stay, 30-day readmission, and in-hospital mortality. However, when employing minimally invasive techniques, infection and @entity1031 risk reduction strategies should be emphasized in the operative and postoperative periods.

title: Minimally invasive gastrectomy for XXXX : current utilization in US academic medical centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIM: To study the practical applicability of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines in suspected cases of @entity2877 . METHODS: This was a retrospective single center study, covering a 4-year period, from January 2010 to December 2013. All @entity1 who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for suspected @entity2877 were included. Based on the presence or absence of predictors of @entity2877 (clinical ascending @entity255 , common bile duct (CBD) stones on ultrasonography (US), total @entity648 > 4 mg/dL, dilated CBD on US, total @entity648 1.8-4 mg/dL, @entity409 test, age > 55 years and @entity788 ), @entity1 were stratified in low, intermediate or high risk for @entity2877 . For each predictor and risk group we used the   (2) to evaluate the statistical associations with the presence of choledocolithiasis at ERCP. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 268 ERCPs were performed for suspected @entity2877 . Except for @entity788 (P = 0.063), all other predictors of choledocholitiasis (clinical ascending @entity255 , P = 0.001; CBD stones on US, P  <= 0.001; total @entity648 > 4 mg/dL, P = 0.035; total @entity648 1.8-4 mg/dL, P = 0.001; dilated CBD on US, P  <= 0.001; @entity409 test, P = 0.012; age > 55 years, P = 0.002) showed a statistically significant association with the presence of @entity2877 at ERCP. Approximately four fifths of @entity1 in the high risk group (79.8%, 154/193 @entity1 ) had confirmed @entity2877 on ERCP, vs 34.2% (25/73 @entity1 ) and 0 (0/2 @entity1 ) in the intermediate and low risk groups, respectively. The definition of "high risk group" had a sensitivity of 86%, positive predictive value 79.8% and specificity 56.2% for the presence of @entity2877 at ERCP. CONCLUSION: The guidelines should be considered to optimize @entity1 ' selection for ERCP. For high risk @entity1 specificity is still low, meaning that some @entity1 perform ERCP unnecessarily.

title: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for suspected XXXX : From guidelines to clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship of @entity1 compliance to overall tooth prognosis remains controversial. There are little data, often conflicting, that pertain to @entity2524 as a function of @entity1 compliance. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluates the impact of compliance (complete versus erratic) on common periodontal clinical variables, such as probing depth, @entity548 index, plaque index, and @entity2524 for 505 @entity1 in a long-term period of observation (15 to 23 years) and maintenance therapy (at least 10 years). Compliance was defined in two ways for all analyses. Under the definition for compliance 1, @entity1 who missed <30% of all prescribed maintenance visits were classified as complete compliers. Under the definition for compliance 2, @entity1 who never went 2 years without a maintenance visit were classified as complete compliers. Change in clinical variables was dichotomized into reduction in plaque index versus no reduction, reduction in @entity548 on probing versus no reduction, reduction in the percentage of periodontal pockets>3 mm versus no reduction, no increase in decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) versus increase, and no @entity2524 versus @entity2524 . The effects of both definitions of compliance were then evaluated in a series of multiple logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: The analysis of the dichotomous change in clinical parameters over time revealed that complete compliers tended to show reduction in @entity548 on probing and reduction in plaque index compared to erratic compliers for both definitions of compliance. In contrast, complete compliers under compliance 2 were less likely to have a reduction in the percentage of periodontal pockets >3 mm compared to erratic compliers, whereas complete compliers under compliance 1 had about the same likelihood of demonstrating a reduction in periodontal pockets compared to erratic compliers under this classification scheme. Under both definitions for compliance, complete compliers were more likely to exhibit @entity2524 than erratic compliers, with the greatest @entity2524 exhibited by complete compliers under the definition for compliance 1. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, complete compliers under both definitions tended to show a reduction in plaque and @entity548 on probing over time. However, change in periodontal pockets and DMFT over time varied according to the definition of compliance that was used. In addition, the results seem to indicate that the decision for tooth extraction made by dental health professionals at maintenance visits may result in greater @entity2524 .

title: Compliance as a prognostic indicator: retrospective study of 505 XXXX treated and maintained for 15 years.

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate sick leave and disability pension in working-age subjects with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) compared with the general population. METHODS: Population-based cohort study: individual-level inpatient and outpatient Sk  ne Health Care Register data were linked with data from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. In 2009 all working-age (16-64 years) Sk  ne County residents who in 1998-2009 had been diagnosed with knee @entity571 (International Classification of Diseases-10 code M17) were identified and their sick leave and disability pension in 2009 related to those of the general working-age population (n=789 366) standardised for age. RESULTS: 15 345 working-age residents (49.6% @entity1 ) with knee @entity571 were identified. Compared with the general population, the RR (95% CI) of having had one or more episodes of sick leave during the year was 1.82 (1.73 to 1.91) for @entity1 and 2.03 (1.92 to 2.14) for @entity1 with knee @entity571 . The corresponding risk for disability pension was 1.54 (1.48 to 1.60) for @entity1 and 1.36 (1.28 to 1.43) for @entity1 with knee @entity571 . The annual mean number of sick days was 87 for each @entity1 with knee @entity571 and 57 for the general population (age- and sex-standardised). Of all sick leave and disability pension in the entire population, 2.1% of days were attributable to knee @entity571 or associated comorbidity in the @entity1 with knee @entity571 (3.1% for sick leave and 1.8% for disability pension). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with doctor-diagnosed knee @entity571 have an almost twofold increased risk of sick leave and about 40-50% increased risk of disability pension compared with the general population. About 2% of all sick days in society are attributable to knee @entity571 .

title: Risk of sick leave and disability pension in working-age XXXX and @entity1 with @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A study was conducted to determine the effect of @entity60680 ( @entity60680 ) supplementation to @entity18277 ( @entity18277 ) on its storage and feed-nutritional value improvement. In Exp. 1, the sawdust-based @entity18277 from a king @entity11829 (Pleurotus eryngii) farm was mixed with @entity60680 at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% levels on a wet basis and deepstack stored for short-term (1-wk) and long-term (3-wk). At 1-wk of short-term deepstack storage, @entity18277 with more than 50% @entity60680 levels showed favorable conservation. At 3-wk of long-term storage, all treatments except for @entity60680 100% had a serious fungal problem. Based on chemical parameters, @entity60680 -blending to @entity18277 practically improved the feed-nutritional value of the mixtures. Since the deepstacking method was not effective for long term storage, in Exp. 2 @entity18277 ensiled with or without @entity60680 was attempted to improve long-term (3-wk) storage. All the ensiled treatments ( @entity18277 100%, @entity18277 75%+ @entity60680 25% and @entity18277 50%+ @entity60680 50%) had desirable fermentation. As in deepstacking, @entity60680 -blending to @entity18277 improved the nutritive value of the ensiled mixtures. The populations of total bacteria, @entity880 bacteria and @entity375 were highest (P<0.05) when 75% @entity18277 was blended with 25% @entity60680 . In conclusion, blending 50% or more @entity60680 with @entity18277 was effective for the short-term (1-wk) deepstack storage. For long-term (3-wk) storage of @entity18277 , an ensiling method was effective with or without the addition of @entity60680 .

title: Broiler litter supplementation improves storage and feed-nutritional value of sawdust-based XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18277 :: ('MESH:D009145', 'Disease') :: ['SMS', 'spent mushroom substrate']

entities_list: @entity11829 :: ('5322', 'Species') :: ['oyster mushroom']

entities_list: @entity60680 :: ('MESH:D011201', 'Disease') :: ['BL', 'broiler poultry litter']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity18277 :: (MESH:D009145,Disease) :: ['spent mushroom substrate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the adherence rate after short-term @entity353 programs and to clarify the related life-style factors in community-residing @entity28 @entity1 . METHOD: The study subjects were 243 @entity1 who completed twelve-week @entity353 programs held at the health promotion center in Tokyo from 1992 to 1999. The program consisted of exercise training and individualized diet education once a week. They were instructed to increase their daily walking steps. A mail-survey using a present body weight, walking steps, and diet any habits questionnaire was conducted in November 1999. RESULTS: 128 @entity1 (54%) responded to the questionnaire. They were 51.6 +/- 9.6 years old and 4 years had passed on average after the program. Among these, 126 @entity1 provided their present body weight. Their mean BMI was 26.7 +/- 2.6 and 25.5 +/- 2.6 before and after the program respectively. Their present BMI was 25.8 +/- 2.9 which was significantly higher than the value immediately after the program (P < 0.01). 54 @entity1 (42.9%) increased their BMI by more than 1 kg/m2 after the program (rebound-group). 24 @entity1 (19.0%) decreased their BMI by more than 1 kg/m2 and 28 @entity1 (22.2%) maintained their ideal BMI defined as less than 24 kg/m2 after the program (adherent-group). In the other 20 @entity1 (15.9%), BMI did not change significantly after the program, but their present BMI was over 24 (27.4 +/- 2.8). The mean present daily walking-steps were significantly lower in the rebound than the adherent-group although the percentage with a exercise habit did not differ between the two groups. Diet any behavior was also more favorable in the adherent-group. CONCLUSION: After 4 years on average from the end of short-term body- @entity353 programs, 42.9% of the @entity1 had regained their original weight. Maintaining increased physical activity and a favorable diet is important for persistent @entity353 in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: [Body weight fluctuation and life-style change after short-term XXXX programs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight reduction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impulse noise produced from firearms can potentially damage hearing organs resulting in @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ). In Chiang Mai during 1997, Detphithak et al reported a prevalence of acute @entity13378 (AAT) in 22% of new military privates using an H.K.33 for shooting practice without hearing protection. The H.K.33 renders an average sound pressure level of 128 dBA. Earmuffs are claimed by their manufacturing company to attenuate noise 27 dB, and they have been recently introduced in Chiang Mai to prevent AAT. OBJECTIVE: To study the outcomes of hearing protection against AAT using earmuffs during shooting training (H.K.33) in the Military Reserve Officer Training Corps (MROTC). MATERIAL AND METHOD: A quasi - experiment study was conducted among 267 normal hearing MROTCs in the Reserve Officers Student Training Center (ROSTC) of the 33rd Military Circle, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Their condition of hearing was examined by an otolaryngologist and an audiologist using pure tone audiometry (PTA) before shooting practice, within 2 hours after the practice, 3 days after the practice at the ROSTC; and 1 month later at Fort Kawila Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand. RESULTS: All 267 MROTCs used earmuffs during shooting practice. Their mean age was 17.95 years. Average sound pressure level of an HK.33 was 127 dBA (range; 126.5-130 dBA). AAT was found in 4 @entity1 (1.5%) within two hours after shooting. Repeat testing 3 days later revealed that only one @entity1 (0.37%) still had @entity1274 . Fortunately, this case reached complete recovery within 1 month. When comparing these findings with those of 1997, earmuffs can reduce AAT by 15 times (95% confidence interval 5.3-40.5, p-value < 0.0001) to a negligible level. CONCLUSION: Shooting training with an H.K. 33 produces a dangerous sound pressure level at the shooting site, resulting in a possible high risk of acute @entity13378 . Earmuffs can effectively reduce this risk by approximately 15 times, and they should be widely used in all shooting training.

title: Prevention of acute XXXX by earmuffs during military training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity13378 :: ('MESH:D006317', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic trauma']

answer: @entity13378 :: (MESH:D006317,Disease) :: ['acoustic trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction: Functional foods have been widely utilized to reduce the symptoms of @entity66 such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Among the foods used to combat these effects are soluble fibres, mainly those rich in beta- glucans (BGs). Objective: To review the effects of beta-glucans (BGs) on @entity413 plasmatic levels of @entity6 individuals. Design: A search was conducted using the Pubmed, Science Direct and Scielo databases using the keywords: @entity6 and beta-glucan and @entity413 and glycaemia. As inclusion criteria, only studies on @entity6 @entity1 individuals (type 1 or type 2) who consumed BGs were selected. Results and Discussion: Of the 819 initial articles retrieved, only 10 fit the inclusion criteria and were used in the study. It was observed that doses around 6.0g/ @entity1 / day, for at least 4 weeks were sufficient to provoke improvements in the blood @entity413 levels and also lipid parameters of individuals with @entity6 . However, @entity413 levels do not reach normal levels using BG alone. Low doses of BG for at least 12 weeks were also reported to promote metabolic benefits. Conclusions: Based on previous research, it was concluded that the ingestion of BGs was efficient in decreasing @entity413 levels of @entity6 @entity1 . The consumption of greater doses or smaller doses for longer periods of time produced better results.

title: EFFECT OF BETA-GLUCANS IN THE CONTROL OF BLOOD XXXX LEVELS OF DIABETIC @entity1 : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['GLUCOSE']


abstract: @entity409 (USL) is a rare @entity99 in @entity1 . Its pathogenesis is largely unknown, but lines of evidence suggest common links to that of mesenchymal @entity96 ( @entity8176 ). Previously, we found a @entity876 mutation in a case of pediatric USL. Recently, there was another published report, demonstrating further evidence of @entity876 alterations in the adult cases. In this study, we analyzed in three cases of pediatric USL and two cases of @entity8176 by using PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing technique. The study identified missense mutations in all three cases of USL, but none of @entity8176 . The mutations were found specifically in @entity5 tissue and not detected in the surrounding normal hepatic tissue. Mutation points were localized in exon 7 ( @entity60576 ), exon 6 ( @entity60577 ), and exon 8 ( @entity60578 ), respectively. Immunohistochemical study of @entity876 protein expression revealed strong immunoreactivity in cases of USL and negative staining in @entity8176 . In summary, this study provided a novel data suggesting that mutations of @entity876 in pediatric USL are not random genetic events and highly possible to be involved in its tumorigenesis.

title: Non-random XXXX mutations in pediatric @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity60576 :: ('p|SUB|G|245|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly245Ser']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity60577 :: ('p|SUB|R|196|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg196Pro']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity60578 :: ('p|SUB|R|273|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg273Pro']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the treatment and outcomes of @entity1 with primary @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed for all @entity1 referred to our institution from 1981 through 2011 with primary @entity1892 without extracutaneous or distant nodal spread at diagnosis (n=136). Hematopathologists classified 99% of cases using the World Health Organization-European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (WHO-EORTC) guidelines. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Classification was 18% diffuse large B-cell leg-type (DLBCL-leg), 32% follicle center (FCCL), 45% marginal zone (MZL), and 6% nonclassifiable (OTHER). Of the 111 subjects with @entity706 (FCCL, MZL, OTHER), 79% received @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), 11% surgery alone, 3% chemotherapy alone, 4% chemotherapy followed by @entity1161 , and 3% observation. Following treatment, 29% of subjects relapsed. In-field recurrence occurred in 2% treated with @entity1161 and in 33% treated with surgery alone. Of the 25 subjects with DLBCL-leg, 52% received chemotherapy followed by @entity1161 , 24% chemotherapy, 20% @entity1161 , and 4% surgery alone. Seventy-nine percent received @entity3726 -type chemotherapy ( @entity786 , @entity632 or @entity1259 , @entity1891 , @entity229 ), 47% with rituximab added. Overall and disease-specific survival and time to progression at 5 years were 81%, 92%, and 69% for indolent and 26%, 61%, and 54% for DLBCL-leg, respectively. On Cox regression analysis of indolent subjects, @entity1161 was associated with better time to progression (P=.05). @entity1161 dose, chemo, age>60 y, and >1 lesion were not significantly associated with time to progression. For DLBCL-leg, disease-specific survival at 5 years was 100% for those receiving @entity2408 versus 67% for no rituximab (P=.13). CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates better outcomes for indolent histology compared with DLBCL-leg, validating the prognostic utility of the WHO-EORTC classification. In the indolent group, @entity1161 was associated with 98% local control. DLBCL-leg is a more aggressive disease; the excellent results in the rituximab group suggest it has an important role in management.

title: Treatment and outcomes in @entity1 with primary @entity1892 : the BC XXXX Agency experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['indolent lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation alone', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['CBCL', 'cutaneous B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2408 :: ('CHEBI:64357', 'Chemical') :: ['rituximab']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Following our previous studies on the biomolecular and biochemical aspects of the @entity1 tissue oxidative damage due to @entity519 , @entity63 and reperfusion, aim of the present work is to evaluate the role played by oxyradical generation in the morphofunctional cellular injury. We evaluated the tissue levels of some metabolic markers ( @entity1865 , @entity2196 , @entity414 ) to obtain a pathogenic picture and then a therapeutic approach closely related to the cellular biodynamics. METHODS: A skeletal muscle samples were taken during elective knee orthopedic surgery in 20 consecutive @entity1 . The biopsies were taken in normoxic conditions and after 5 +/- 1 and 62 +/- 3 min form tourniquet application and finally 21 +/- 2 min following muscle reperfusion. The samples were assayed for tissue Malondialdeyade ( @entity1865 ), @entity414 and @entity2196 ( @entity2196 ) contents with HPLC and fluorimetric procedures. All data were evaluated in terms of computerized statistical analysis. RESULTS: When compared to normoxic tissue (1.24 +/- 0.26 nmoli.mg-1 protein), the @entity1865 levels show a moderate increase in @entity519 (1.66 +/- 0.12) and @entity63 tissue (1.78 +/- 0.13), while highly significant is the rise in reperfused muscle @entity1865 content (5.94 +/- 0.15). The @entity414 as far as @entity2196 shows no appreciable alterations in @entity519 and @entity63 . Following reoxygenation an increase in @entity414 contents with a concomitant @entity2196 tissue consumption appear evident. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data seem to underline the cytoprotective role played by adaptive changes in the @entity519 and @entity63 @entity1 cells. On the contrary, the rapid reoxygenation of the @entity63 tissue appears to start oxyradical neo-generation. In clinical and therapeutic terms these observations underline a peculiar and different approach to the @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: [Biochemical and metabolic aspects of oxyradical pathology in the XXXX reperfused @entity1 skeletal muscle tissue. Clinical markers and therapeutic approach].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2196 :: ('847', 'Gene') :: ['CAT', 'catalase', 'Catalase']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid', 'Uric Acid']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity344 in suckling piglets, weaners, fattening @entity1707 and sows was studied from November 2001 to October 2002 on 16 free-range farms (FRF), 11 @entity347 ( @entity347 ) and 9 @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ) by means of faecal examinations of composite samples. Each farm was visited four times with a 3-month interval. Infections with coccidia were found on 43.8% of the FRF, 90.9% of the @entity347 and 66.7% of the @entity7617 . Sows had the highest prevalence, particularly on FRF (87.5%) and @entity347 (80%). @entity10130 was present on 50% of the FRF, 72.7% of the @entity347 and 11.1% of the @entity7617 , whereas fattening @entity1707 on FRF (42.9%) and @entity347 (54.5%) had the highest prevalence. Oesophagostomum spp. were observed on 25% of the FRF, 27.2% of the @entity347 and 22.2% of the @entity7617 . The @entity281 was most prevalent in the sows on all farm types: 37.5% on FRF, 30% on @entity347 and 22.2% on @entity7617 . @entity25524 was found on 37.5% of the FRF, 36.4% of the @entity347 and 11.1% of the @entity7617 . Again, this @entity281 was most prevalent in the sows, particularly on the FRF (50%) and @entity347 (30%). No other @entity344 species were found and no clinical signs were observed. No seasonal trends could be distinguished. In many cases, when an age group on a farm was positive for a certain parasite, it remained so during the whole study. This indicates that this parasite was really 'endemic' on that farm. The results of this study demonstrate that the prevalence of helminth infections of @entity1707 on farms with outdoor facilities is higher than in @entity1707 on @entity7617 .

title: A survey of gastrointestinal @entity1707 parasites on free-range, organic and conventional XXXX farms in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'conventional farms']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal parasites', 'gastrointestinal parasite']

entities_list: @entity25524 :: ('68888', 'Species') :: ['Trichuris suis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic farms', 'OF']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biliary injury during cholecystectomy can be managed successfully by biliary reconstruction in the majority of @entity1 ; however, a proportion of @entity1 may require hepatic resection or even liver transplantation. METHODS: Data on all @entity1 referred with @entity130 were recorded prospectively. The details of @entity1 who required hepatic resection or transplantation were analyzed and compared to those @entity1 managed with biliary reconstruction alone. RESULTS: From November 1984 until November 2003 there were 119 @entity1 referred with Strasberg grade E injuries to the biliary tree, 14 of whom (9 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ) required hepatic resection or transplantation. The median age of these 14 @entity1 was 48 (range: 30-81) years. Nine @entity1 were considered for hepatic resection, and of these six underwent right hepatectomy, two had a left lateral sectionectomy, and one @entity1 was deemed unfit for surgery and underwent metal stenting of the right hepatic duct. All @entity1 are alive and remain well. Five @entity1 developed @entity1578 and were considered for liver transplantation. Two @entity1 who were unfit for transplantation died, and another died while on the waiting list for transplantation. The remaining two @entity1 underwent liver transplantation, and one of them died from overwhelming @entity295 . Concomitant @entity1317 was demonstrated in 8 of the 14 @entity1 (57%), and in 3 of the 4 (75%) @entity1 that died. CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 or @entity295 after @entity130 can be managed successfully with hepatic resection. Liver transplantation is required occasionally for @entity1 with @entity2835 , but is rarely successful for early @entity1578 following @entity130 .

title: Liver resection and transplantation in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['secondary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['biliary injury', 'iatrogenic biliary injury', 'biliary injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['iatrogenic biliary injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is a difficult clinical challenge in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) because conventional treatment modalities could not produce significant survival benefit, which highlights the acute need for new treatment strategies. Our previous case-control study demonstrated the potential survival advantage of @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) over @entity1104 alone. This phase II study was to further investigate the efficacy and adverse events of @entity1104 +HIPEC for Chinese @entity1 with @entity14 @entity298 . METHODS: A total of 60 consecutive @entity14 @entity298 @entity1 underwent 63 procedures consisting of @entity1104 +HIPEC and postoperative chemotherapy, all by a designated team focusing on this combined treatment modality. All the clinico-pathological information was systematically integrated into a prospective database. The primary end point was disease-specific overall survival (OS), and the secondary end points were perioperative safety profiles. RESULTS: By the most recent database update, the median follow-up was 29.9 (range 3.5-108.9) months. The @entity3906 index (PCI)  <=20 was in 47.0% of @entity1 , complete @entity1104 (CC0-1) was performed in 53.0% of @entity1 . The median OS was 16.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.2-19.8) months, and the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 70.5%, 34.2%, 22.0% and 22.0%, respectively. Mortality and grades 3 to 5 morbidity rates in postoperative 30 days were 0.0% and 30.2%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified 3 parameters with significant effects on OS: PCI  <=20, CC0-1 and adjuvant chemotherapy over 6 cycles. On multivariate analysis, however, only CC0-1 and adjuvant chemotherapy >= 6 cycles were found to be independent factors for OS benefit. DISCUSSION: @entity1104 +HIPEC at a specialized treatment center could improve OS for selected @entity14 @entity298 @entity1 from China, with acceptable perioperative safety.

title: Cytoreductive Surgery plus Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Improves Survival for @entity1 with XXXX from @entity14 : A Phase II Study from a Chinese Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'Peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Peritoneal Carcinomatosis']


abstract: The novel anti- @entity302 drugs @entity2812 , @entity2807 and @entity2682 were compared in @entity35 experimental models of acute (tail flick) and @entity1118 : the chronic @entity130 and spinal nerve ligation models. @entity2812 (10-100 mg/kg, s.c.), @entity2807 (150-600 mg/kg, i.p.) and @entity2682 (30-300 mg/kg, i.p.) each reversed @entity1931 (chronic @entity130 model) with ED50 values of 28, 241 and 103 mg/kg, respectively, 1 h post-dose. However, only @entity2682 reversed tactile @entity1931 (spinal nerve ligation model) with an ED50 of 34 mg/kg (i.p.). The established anti- @entity302 drugs, @entity2049 (1-30 mg/kg, i.p.) and @entity3174 (1-100 mg/kg, s.c.), were ineffective in both models. The anti-allodynic effect of the newer anti- @entity302 drugs was observed at doses that were either ineffective or produced only a negligible effect on acute nociceptive function and/or locomotor activity. In conclusion, the data suggest that the newer anti- @entity302 drugs appear to have the potential to be effective alternatives to either @entity2049 or @entity3174 in the treatment of @entity9 . However, only @entity2682 ameliorated both cold and @entity17401 .

title: The effect of novel anti- XXXX drugs in @entity35 experimental models of acute and @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'cold allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2807 :: ('MESH:C047360', 'Chemical') :: ['felbamate']

entities_list: @entity17401 :: ('MESH:D006941', 'Disease') :: ['touch hyperesthesias']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine', 'lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['constriction injury']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11495 has broad antimicrobial activity at pH 6.5, including the ability to prevent biofilm growth by @entity796 on the surface of airway epithelial cells. Because of its antimicrobial activity, @entity3542 is being investigated as an inhaled agent for chronic @entity796 @entity281 in @entity1577 . However, the interaction between @entity3542 and commonly used @entity581 is unknown. This paper investigates the interaction between @entity3542 and @entity2890 in liquid culture, abiotic biofilms and in a biotic biofilm model simulating the conditions in the @entity1577 airway. The addition of @entity3542 prevents killing by @entity581 in liquid culture with dose dependence between 1.5 and 15mM. The effect was not blocked by the @entity842 scavenger CPTIO or dependent on efflux pump activity. @entity3542 shifts the MBC-biofilm from 256  g/ml to >1024  g/ml in an abiotic biofilm model. In a biotic biofilm model, the addition of 50mM @entity3542 decreased the antibiofilm activity of @entity2890 by up to 1.2 logs. Respiratory chain inhibition recapitulated the inhibition of @entity4028 activity by @entity3542 , suggesting a potential mechanism of inhibition of energy dependent @entity4028 uptake. In summary, @entity11495 induces resistance to both @entity801 and @entity2890 in @entity796 grown in liquid culture, as an abiotic biofilm and as a biotic biofilm.

title: XXXX blocks the activity of @entity581 against @entity796 biofilms.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrite', 'nitrite']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['airway infections']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity11495 :: ('MESH:D012977', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitrite', 'Sodium nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity11495 :: (MESH:D012977,Chemical) :: ['Sodium nitrite']


abstract: The expression of the single capsid protein of @entity43939 ) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus results in the assembly of virus-like particles (VLPs) of two sizes, the predominant 38-nm, or virion-size VLPs, and smaller, 23-nm VLPs. Here we describe the purification and biochemical characterization of the 23-nm VLPs. The 23-nm VLPs were purified to 95% homogeneity from the medium of Sf9 cultures by isopycnic @entity6928 gradient centrifugation followed by rate-zonal centrifugation in @entity969 gradients. The compositions of the purified 23- and 38-nm VLPs were compared by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and protein immunoblots. VLPs of both sizes showed a doublet at 58 kDa, the size of the full-length capsid protein. Upon alkaline treatment, the 23-nm VLPs underwent dissociation into soluble intermediates that were able to reassemble into 23- and 38-nm VLPs upon dialysis, suggesting that the assembly of both types of structures has a common pathway. Antigenic and biochemical properties of the 38- and 23-nm VLPs were examined and found to be conserved. Immunoprecipitation assays using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies indicated that immunodominant epitopes on the capsid protein as well as conformational epitopes are conserved in the two types of particles. The trypsin cleavage site at residue 227 was protected in the assembled particles of both sizes but exposed after alkaline dissociation. These results, and the conservation of the binding activity of both forms of recombinant NV VLPs to cultured cells (L. J. White, J. M. Ball, M. E. Hardy, T. N. Tanaka, N. Kitamoto, and M. K. Estes, J. Virol. 70:6589-6597, 1996), suggest that the tertiary folding of the capsid protein responsible for these properties is conserved in the two structures. We hypothesize that the 23-nm VLPs are formed when 60 units of the NV capsid protein assembles into a structure with T=1 symmetry.

title: Biochemical characterization of a smaller form of recombinant XXXX capsids assembled in insect cells.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity43939 :: ('11983', 'Species') :: ['Norwalk virus (NV']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity43939 :: (11983,Species) :: ['Norwalk virus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent small-sized genomic studies on the identification of @entity0 bioprofiles have led to profoundly dishomogenous results. Thus, we sought to identify distinct @entity5 profiles with possible clinical relevance based on clusters of immunohistochemical molecular markers measured on a large, single institution, case series. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tumor biological profiles were explored on 633 archival tissue samples analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Five validated markers were considered, i.e., @entity172 receptors (ER), @entity1420 receptors (PR), Ki-67/ @entity1758 as a proliferation marker, @entity1722 , and @entity876 in their original scale of measurement. The results obtained were analyzed by three different clustering algorithms. Four different indices were then used to select the different profiles (number of clusters). RESULTS: The best classification was obtained creating four clusters. Notably, three clusters were identified according to low, intermediate, and high ER/PR levels. A further subdivision in two biologically distinct subtypes was determined by the presence/absence of @entity1722 and of @entity876 . As expected, the cluster with high ER/PR levels was characterized by a much better prognosis and response to hormone therapy compared to that with the lowest ER/PR values. Notably, the cluster characterized by high @entity1722 /NEU levels showed intermediate prognosis, but a rather poor response to hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the possibility of profiling @entity0 by means of traditional markers, and have novel clinical implications on the definition of the prognosis of @entity5 @entity1 . These findings support the existence of a @entity5 subtype that responds poorly to hormone therapy, characterized by @entity1722 /NEU overexpression.

title: Molecular subtyping of XXXX from traditional @entity5 marker profiles using parallel clustering methods.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), progressive accumulation of @entity299 promotes @entity712 . While the cellular origins of @entity82 in @entity1555 hearts remain enigmatic, fibrotic tissue conspicuously forms near the coronary adventitia. Therefore, we sought to characterize the role of coronary adventitial cells in the formation of perivascular @entity82 . Utilizing the mdx model of @entity1555 , we have identified a population of @entity17776 +, PDGFRa+, @entity5231 -, and @entity8236 - coronary adventitial cells responsible for perivascular @entity82 . Histopathology of dystrophic hearts revealed that @entity17776 + cells extend from the adventitia and occupy regions of perivascular @entity82 . The number of @entity17776 + adventitial cells increased two-fold in fibrotic mdx hearts vs. age matched wild-type hearts. Moreover, relative to @entity17776 -, PDGFRa+, @entity5231 -, and @entity8236 - cells and endothelial cells, @entity17776 + adventitial cells @entity10062 -sorted from mdx hearts expressed the highest level of Collagen1a1 and 3a1, Connective tissue growth factor, and @entity20357 transcripts. Surprisingly, mdx endothelial cells expressed the greatest level of the @entity641 ligand. Utilizing Collagen1a1-GFP reporter @entity19 , we confirmed that the majority of @entity17776 + adventitial cells expressed type I collagen, an abundant component of @entity299 , in both wt (71%  4.1) and mdx (77%  3.5) hearts. In contrast, GFP+ interstitial fibroblasts were PDGFRa+ but negative for @entity17776 . Treatment of cultured Collagen1a1-GFP+ adventitial cells with @entity641 resulted in increased collagen synthesis, whereas pharmacological inhibition of @entity20357 signaling reduced the fibrotic response. Therefore, perivascular @entity299 by coronary adventitial cells may be mediated by @entity641 signaling. Our results implicate coronary endothelial cells in mediating @entity299 via transmural TGFb signaling, and suggest that the coronary adventitia is a promising target for developing novel anti-fibrotic therapies.

title: Coronary adventitial cells are linked to perivascular @entity299 via @entity641 signaling in the mdx @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the etiology of @entity263 is uncertain, @entity5 control programs need to know the factors that contribute to variations in @entity263 incidence from place to place. Geographic patterns of @entity263 cases diagnosed at the distant stage are particularly important, because survival is substantially lower than for @entity263 diagnosed at earlier stages. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize clusters of census tracts in New Jersey with significantly high proportions of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 . METHODS: @entity263 cases diagnosed in New Jersey residents from 1995 to 1999 (n=30,505) were geocoded at the census tract level (n=1938) based on their residences at time of diagnosis. A spatial scan statistic (SaTScan) then was applied to identify clusters of census tracts with elevated proportions of cases of distant @entity5 , using a case-control Bernoulli probability model study design. @entity5 were defined as cases (n=1230), and all other @entity263 as controls. Population characteristics from the 1990 Census for the area of the most likely cluster were compared to the remainder of the state. RESULTS: SaTScan identified a large geographic area in northeast New Jersey as the most likely cluster (RR=1.25, p=0.001). Compared to the remainder of the state, the underlying population in the most likely cluster area had higher proportions of African-American, Hispanic, and Asian @entity1 , and was more likely to be foreign-born, undereducated, in poverty, and have limited English speaking ability. CONCLUSIONS: Spatial analyses of late @entity5 cases can provide additional insights into less favorable outcomes for disadvantaged populations and racial and ethnic minorities.

title: Clusters of census tracts with high proportions of @entity1 with XXXX incidence in New Jersey, 1995 to 1999.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage prostate cancer', 'distant-stage prostate cancer', 'Distant-stage prostate cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['distant-stage prostate cancer']


abstract: AIMS: A significant proportion of @entity1 develop @entity955 ( @entity955 ) following cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation for typical @entity956 ( @entity956 ). The objective of this study was to assess whether the presence of @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) was associated with an elevated risk of @entity955 after CTI ablation in @entity1 with typical @entity956 and no prior history of @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included @entity1 with typical @entity956 and no prior history of @entity955 that were referred for CTI ablation. @entity1 were excluded when they had received repeat ablations or did not demonstrate a bidirectional block. In all @entity1 , a post-ablation electrocardiogram (ECG) in sinus rhythm was evaluated for the presence of @entity1442 , defined as a P-wave duration >= 120 ms and biphasic morphology in the inferior leads. New-onset @entity955 was identified from 12-lead ECGs, Holter monitoring, and device interrogations. The cohort comprised 187 @entity1 (age 67    10.7 years; ejection fraction 55.8    11.2%). Advanced interatrial block was detected in 18.2% of @entity1 , and left atrium was larger in @entity1 with @entity1442 compared with those without @entity1442 (46.2    5.9 vs. 43.1    6.0 mm; P = 0.01). Over a median follow-up of 24.2 months, 67 @entity1 (35.8%) developed new-onset @entity955 . The incidence of new-onset @entity955 was greater in @entity1 with @entity1442 compared with those without @entity1442 (64.7 vs. 29.4%; P < 0.001). After a comprehensive multivariate analysis, @entity1442 emerged as the strongest predictor of new-onset @entity955 [odds ratio (OR) 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-9.3; P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Advanced interatrial block is a key predictor for high risk of new-onset @entity955 after a successful CTI ablation in @entity1 with typical @entity956 .

title: New-onset XXXX after cavotricuspid isthmus ablation: identification of @entity1442 is key.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced interatrial block', 'aIAB']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['AFl', 'atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the evolution and complications of @entity548 under silicone oil after @entity6 vitrectomy. METHODS: A total of 44 cases of primary @entity6 vitrectomy with silicone oil infusion were reviewed in a 3-year period. Intravitreal bevacizumab was used preoperatively for cases with active proliferation, and in all cases at the end of surgery. @entity954 , postoperative extent of @entity548 , blood reabsorption time, and reproliferation and treatment results were assessed. RESULTS: Maximal blood distributed in thin and scattered patterns (23 cases), thick and localized patterns (10 cases), or thick and scattered patterns (10 cases) developed within 1 week after surgery, and was largely reabsorbed within a month with improved postoperative vision. Confluent blood extending to the midperiphery (one case) resulted in severe @entity82 and @entity1713 . Complications included @entity527 (two cases), and fibrous band and thick membrane (seven cases). Six cases underwent preretinal tissue removal. Vision improvement >=  3 lines was noted in three cases. CONCLUSION: Most of the rebleeding occurred within the first post-op week, with gradual reabsorption in the posterior pole within 4 weeks; widespread confluent bleeding might result in severe reproliferation and @entity1713 . A major complication of preretinal bleeding was the formation of preretinal @entity82 . Re-operation achieved a mild VA improvement.

title: Distribution, reabsorption, and complications of preretinal blood under silicone oil after vitrectomy for severe proliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['preretinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['detachment']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carrageenans are naturally occurring hydrophilic, polyanionic polysaccharide bioploymers with wide application in pharmaceutical industries for controlled drug delivery. Magnetic nanoparticles with their exceptional properties enable them to be an ideal candidate for the production of functional nanostructures, thus facilitating them for biomedical applications. The development of novel nanocomposite by coupling the synergistic effects of the sulfated polysaccharide (iota carrageenan) and a magnetic nanoparticle ( @entity1933 ) may offer new interesting applications in drug delivery and @entity5 therapy. The nanocomposite was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder XRD to highlight the possible interaction between the two components. Biocompatibility and the anticancer efficacy of the nanocomposite were assayed and analysed in vitro. RESULTS: Results suggested that iota carrageenans have electrostatically entrapped the @entity1933 nanoparticles in their @entity597 groups. Biocompatibility of the nanocomposite (at different concentrations) against normal cell lines (HEK-293 and L6) was confirmed by @entity98 assay. @entity5956 and 7-AAD staining studies under fluorescent microscopy revealed that the nanocomposite is able to induce appoptosis as the mode of cell death in @entity1 @entity694 cell line (HCT116). Cell apoptosis here is induced by following the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway, combined with downregulation of the expression levels of mRNA of @entity9846 and @entity12982 and upregulation of @entity522 , @entity588 and @entity1836 . CONCLUSIONS: This novel nanocomposite is biocompatible with potential properties to serve in magnet aided targeted drug delivery and @entity5 therapy.

title: Biocompatible   -carrageenan-y- XXXX nanocomposite for biomedical applications - synthesis, characterization and in vitro anticancer efficacy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['maghemite']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['maghemite']


abstract: Background. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is the standard of care for treatment of @entity8884 in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) and exocrine @entity3210 ( @entity3210 ). Aim. To evaluate efficacy and safety of a new formulation of pancrelipase (Ultrase MT20) in @entity1 with @entity1577 and @entity3210 . Coefficients of fat absorption ( @entity3795 %) and @entity1568 absorption (CNA%) were the main efficacy parameters. Safety was evaluated by monitoring laboratory analyses, adverse events (AEs), and overall signs and symptoms. Methods. @entity1 (n = 31) were randomized in a crossover design comparing this pancrelipase with placebo during 2 inpatient evaluation periods (6-7 days each). Fat and protein/ @entity1568 ingestion and excretion were measured from food diaries and 72-hour stool collections. @entity3795 % and CNA% were calculated for each period and compared. Results. Twenty-four @entity1 provided analyzable data. This pancrelipase increased mean @entity3795 % and CNA% (+34.7% and +25.7%, resp., P < .0001 for both), reduced stool frequency, and improved stool consistency compared with placebo. Placebo-treated @entity1 reported more AEs, with @entity344 being the most frequently reported AE. Conclusions. This pancrelipase is a safe and effective treatment for @entity8884 associated with exocrine @entity3210 in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

title: Efficacy and Safety of a New Formulation of Pancrelipase (Ultrase MT20) in the Treatment of @entity3210 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency', 'PI']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic Fibrosis']


abstract: A prospective multicenter trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and feasibility of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 )-primed bone marrow (G-BM) in @entity1 receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). A total of 42 @entity1 with a median age of 9.8 years (range, 0.8-17 years) were enrolled. Donors with median age of 9.2 years (range, 1.1-22 years) received 5 microg/kg per day of subcutaneous @entity1261 for 5 consecutive days. BM was harvested on the fifth day. No donor experienced complications related to @entity1261 administration or marrow har-vest. Median nucleated (NC) and CD34 cells infused was 6.7 x 10(8)/kg (range, 2.4-18.5 x 10(8)/kg) and 7.4 x 10(6)/kg (range, 2-27.6 x 10(6)/kg), respectively. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment was at a median of 19 days (range, 13-28 days) and 20 days (range, 9-44 days), respectively. A total of 13 (32%) @entity1 developed grade 2 @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), and 5 (13%) of 40 evaluable @entity1 developed chronic @entity2132 (3 limited and 2 extensive). Higher cell dose was not associated with increased risk of acute or chronic @entity2132 . Overall survival and event-free survival at 2 years were 81% and 69%, respectively. Collection of G-BM from pediatric donors is safe, and can result in high NC and CD34 cell doses that facilitate engraftment after myeloablative BMT without a discernable increase in the risk of @entity2132 .

title: A prospective study of @entity1261 primed bone marrow as a stem-cell source for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in XXXX : a Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium (PBMTC) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The urinary excretion of @entity7343 ( @entity57758 ) in @entity1 , @entity35 and @entity235 of various ages was studied. Great amounts of @entity57758 were consistently excreted in @entity1 urine throughout life. No age-dependent changes were observed in urinary @entity57758 /total-Ser ratios from the newborn to the aged. @entity57758 / @entity1011 ratios in adult @entity1 urine were found to be relatively constant in individuals. The constant excretion of @entity57758 in @entity1 urine was confirmed by analyzing the consecutive 24 h urine of three volunteers. High concentrations of @entity57758 and @entity12211 ( @entity5171 ) were found in adult @entity235 urine. The urinary @entity57758 concentration was high in young @entity35 at unweaned and weaned periods, and then declined with increasing age. In contrast, the urinary @entity5171 concentration was very low in suckling @entity35 , and increased rapidly after the weaned state and then declined with increasing age. The species- and age-related excretion of @entity57758 in @entity1 urine is considered to be due to the differences in the renal handing of @entity57758 , because plasma @entity57758 concentrations among the groups were not so different. Although free @entity57758 has been detected in animal foods and @entity1 colostrum, the amount is insufficient to explain the concentration of @entity57758 found in urine. These results indicate that urinary @entity57758 in mammals may be mainly of endogenous origin.

title: Urinary excretion of XXXX in @entity1 : comparison of different ages and species.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity7343 :: (CHEBI:16523,Chemical) :: ['D-serine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Transvenous embolization is the treatment of choice for @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) despite occasional difficulty in transvenous catheterization. We reported our experience in the treatment of @entity2457 by transarterial Onyx embolization in @entity1 who had failed transvenous catheterization. We reviewed the clinical and radiographic records of @entity2457 @entity1 receiving transarterial Onyx embolization after failed transvenous Onyx embolization at our institution over a period of 31  months. Success was defined as complete or near @entity432 upon angiographic examination. In seven cases, the microcatheter failed to reach the cavernous sinus; in the remaining case, the internal jugular vein was occlusive. Eight sessions of the embolization and catheterization procedures via the arterial routes were conducted. Among them, five cases via the middle meningeal artery and the other three via the accessory meningeal artery. Angiography, immediately after embolization, revealed @entity432 in seven cases (87.5  %) and partial occlusion in the remaining case. Angiographic follow-up (range, 6-10  months) showed that all @entity1 achieved complete embolization. In cases where transvenous embolization of the cavernous sinus is difficult, transarterial embolization of the @entity292 offers a safe and effective alternative.

title: Transarterial Onyx Embolization for XXXX with Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Who Have Failed Transvenous Embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['complete occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'csDAVFs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise impairment is a central feature of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), and a @entity922 ( @entity922 ) for 6-min walk distance (6MWD) decline (>30  m) has been associated with increased mortality. The predictors of the @entity922 are not fully known. We hypothesize that physiological factors and radiographic measures predict the @entity922 . METHODS: We assessed 121 @entity1030 subjects during 2 years using clinical variables, computed tomographic (CT) measures of @entity2415 , and functional measures including diffusion lung capacity for @entity1223 (DLCO). The association between an @entity922 for 6MWD and clinical, CT, and physiologic predictors was assessed using logistic analysis. The C-statistic was used to assess the predictive ability of the models. RESULTS: Forty seven (39%) subjects had an @entity922 . In an imaging-based model, log @entity2415 and age were the best predictors of @entity922 ( @entity2415 Odds Ratio [OR] 2.47 95%CI [1.28-4.76]). In a physiologic model, DLCO, age, and male gender were selected the best predictors (DLCO OR 1.19 [1.08-1.31]). The C-statistic for the ability of these models to predict an @entity922 was 0.71 and 0.75, respectively. CONCLUSION: In @entity1030 @entity1 the burden of @entity2415 on CT scan and DLCO predict a clinically meaningful decline in exercise capacity.

title: @entity2415 and DLCO predict a clinically important difference for 6MWD decline in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimal clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment with synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) depresses the immune response and may therefore modify @entity5 outcomes. We investigated the association between GC use and @entity0 recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study to examine the risk of @entity0 recurrence associated with GC use among incident stage I-III female @entity0 @entity1 aged >18 years diagnosed 1996-2003 in Denmark. Data on @entity1 , clinical and treatment factors, recurrence, and comorbidities as well as data on GC prescriptions and potential confounders were obtained from Danish population-based medical registries. GCs were categorized according to administrative route: systemic, inhaled, or intestinal. @entity1 were followed for up to 10 years or until 31 December 2008. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to evaluate the association between GC use and recurrence. Time-varying drug exposures were lagged by 1 year. RESULTS: We included 18 251 @entity0 @entity1 . Median recurrence follow-up was 6.9 years; 3408 @entity1 developed recurrence during follow-up. Four thousand six hundred two @entity1 filled at least one GC prescription after diagnosis. In unadjusted models, no association was observed among users of systemic, inhaled, and intestinal GCs (HRsystemic = 1.1, 95% CI 0.9-1.3; HRinhaled = 0.9, 95% CI 0.7-1.0; and HRintestinal = 1.0, 95% CI 0.9-1.2) versus nonusers. In adjusted models, the results were also near null (HRsystemic = 1.1, 95% CI 0.9-1.2; HRinhaled = 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-1.0; and HRintestinal = 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.2). CONCLUSION: We found no evidence of an effect of GC use on @entity0 recurrence.

title: Glucocorticoid prescriptions and XXXX recurrence: a Danish nationwide prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Since 1977, 119 @entity1 with @entity151 have undergone combined modality therapy including surgery at our institution. Seventy-nine @entity1 (58 male, 21 female; median age 63 years) had surgery first, and 67 of these had adjuvant chemotherapy. Forty (27 male, 13 female; median age 59 years) had chemotherapy first, and 94% had a complete or partial response before the operation. Pretreatment staging revealed 69 stage I, 27 stage II, and 23 @entity5 . Twenty-six @entity1 required pneumonectomy, 88 lobectomy, and five had no resection. Four @entity1 had gross and six had microscopic @entity66 . Postoperative pathologic examination showed @entity151 only (n = 95), @entity1149 (n = 3), mixed (n = 17), and no @entity41 (n = 4). Postoperative staging revealed 35 stage I, 36 stage II, and 48 stage IIIa @entity5 . The median survival of the entire group is 111 weeks and the projected 5-year survival rate is 39%. No survival difference was seen between @entity1 treated with chemotherapy before the operation and those undergoing an initial operation followed by chemotherapy (p = 0.756). The median survival for @entity1 with pathologic stage I disease has not been reached, and the projected 5-year survival rate is 51%. This is significantly better than for the @entity1 with stage II (median 82 weeks, p = 0.001) or stage III (median 83 weeks, p = 0.001) disease, who have projected 5-year survival rates of 28% and 19%, respectively. Seven of the 12 @entity1 who had no adjuvant chemotherapy remain alive at 6 to 48+ months. Sixty-seven @entity1 have died (11 had no evidence of disease). Only 10 @entity1 had a relapse in the primary site alone, seven at the primary and distant sites, and 39 only in distant sites. In summary, resection improves control at the primary site, and a significant proportion of @entity1 with stage I (N0) disease achieve long-term survival and cure with combined modality therapy including surgery. Stage II and IIIa @entity1 have survival predictions similar to stage IIIa @entity1149 treated surgically.

title: Surgical treatment for XXXX . The University of Toronto Lung Oncology Group experience.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung carcinoma', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['limited small-cell lung cancer', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['limited small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: By definition, the term "radiosurgery" refers to the delivery of a therapeutic radiation dose in a single fraction, not simply the use of stereotaxy. Multiple-fraction delivery is better termed "stereotactic radiotherapy." There are compelling radiobiological principles supporting the biological superiority of single-fraction radiation for achieving an optimal therapeutic response for the slowly proliferating, late-responding, tissue of a @entity808 . It is axiomatic that complication avoidance requires precise three-dimensional conformality between treatment and @entity5 volumes. This degree of conformality can only be achieved through complex multiisocenter planning. Alternative radiosurgery devices are generally limited to delivering one to four isocenters in a single treatment session. Although they can reproduce dose plans similar in conformality to early gamma knife dose plans by using a similar number of isocenters, they cannot reproduce the conformality of modern gamma knife plans based on magnetic resonance image--targeted localization and five to 30 isocenters. A disturbing trend is developing in which institutions without nongamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) centers are championing and/or shifting to hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for @entity5513 . This trend appears to be driven by a desire to reduce complication rates to compete with modern GKS results by using complex multiisocenter planning. Aggressive advertising and marketing from some of these centers even paradoxically suggests biological superiority of hypofractionation approaches over single-dose radiosurgery for @entity5513 . At the same time these centers continue to use the term radiosurgery to describe their hypofractionated radiotherapy approach in an apparent effort to benefit from a GKS "halo effect." It must be reemphasized that as neurosurgeons our primary duty is to achieve permanent @entity5 control for our @entity1 and not to eliminate complications at the expense of potential late recurrence. The answer to minimizing complications while maintaining maximum @entity5 control is improved conformality of radiosurgery dose planning and not resorting to homeopathic radiosurgery doses or hypofractionation radiotherapy schemes.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for @entity1 with XXXX : a Leksell Gamma Knife Society 2000 debate.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: T cells from the majority of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) express significantly lower levels of @entity12711 , a critical signaling molecule. However, TCR/CD3 triggering of @entity1252 T cells shows increased phosphorylation of downstream signaling intermediates and increased [ @entity141 ]i response, suggesting the presence of alternative signaling mechanisms. We investigated whether Fcepsilon receptor type I gamma chain ( @entity36587 ) could substitute for TCR zeta chain and contribute to T cell signaling in @entity1252 . METHODS: T cells were purified from the peripheral blood of 21 @entity1 with @entity1252 and 5 healthy volunteers. The expression of @entity36587 was investigated using immunoblotting, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry methods. Involvement of the @entity36587 in T cell signaling was studied by immunoprecipitation and/or immunoblotting after TCR/CD3 stimulation. RESULTS: Western blotting and densitometric analysis showed that the expression of @entity36587 in @entity1252 T cells was 4.3-fold higher than in normal T cells (P < 0.001). Flow cytometric analyses of T lymphocyte subsets revealed that the proportions of @entity36587 +,CD3+, @entity36587 +,CD4+, and @entity36587 +, @entity405 + cells were significantly greater in @entity1252 @entity1 than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Immunoprecipitation of @entity1252 T cell lysates with an anti- @entity36587 antibody showed that @entity36587 associates with the @entity669 kinase @entity10255 and the CD3epsilon chain, suggesting that @entity36587 is functionally involved in TCR signaling. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the @entity36587 chain is expressed at high levels in a large proportion of @entity1252 T cells. The increased expression of @entity36587 chain in @entity1252 T cells may account in part for the aberrant antigen receptor-initiated signaling and contribute to the diverse cellular abnormalities found in this disease.

title: Fc epsilon receptor type I gamma chain replaces the deficient XXXX in T cells of @entity1 with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12711 :: ('919', 'Gene') :: ['T cell receptor zeta chain']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity36587 :: ('2207', 'Gene') :: ['FcepsilonRIgamma']

answer: @entity12711 :: (919,Gene) :: ['T cell receptor zeta chain']


abstract: To further define the origin, selection, and diversity of hepatic T cells, we have determined V beta gene expression profiles in @entity14485 ( @entity14485 , @entity1961 -8-) and single positive (SP, @entity1961 +8- or CD8+4-) alpha beta + liver T cells of DBA/2 @entity19 . These I-E+ @entity19 express @entity19 @entity5 (Mtv) provirus-encoded endogenous superantigens of the Mlsa,c type, and thus display deletions/depletions of several V beta-bearing SP cells. Total liver alpha beta + T cells of these @entity19 exhibited an overall V beta expression profile similar to @entity1619 cells, with the notable exception of high V beta 7 and V beta 8.1 expression. As previously reported, @entity14485 alpha beta + T cells were enriched highly in the liver. This subset exhibited a V beta expression profile similar to thymic @entity14485 alpha beta + cells with deletions/depletions in several V beta s, but high V beta 7 expression in both populations. Surprisingly, hepatic @entity1961 + cells also displayed high V beta 7 expression compared with @entity1619 cells, suggesting that @entity99 alpha beta + and @entity1961 + T cells are selected via a common pathway. The V beta 7-expressing @entity14485 alpha beta + and @entity1961 + liver T cell populations were polyclonal, as evidenced by cloning and sequencing. High V beta 7 expression in these cells was undiminished with age. On the basis of V beta repertoire and surface phenotype, @entity14485 alpha beta + and/or certain @entity1961 + T cells seem to constitute a distinct population primarily found in the liver, thymus, and bone marrow. These cells may originate from SP T cells that have down-regulated their accessory molecules under certain activation conditions and, because of the accompanying expression of particular adhesion molecules, they accumulate in tissues such as the liver and thymus.

title: V beta repertoire of XXXX hepatic T cells. Implication for selection of @entity14485 alpha beta + T cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumor']

entities_list: @entity14485 :: ('MESH:D005671', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'double negative']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic DN']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The role of different hypothalamic nuclei, particularly the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), in the control of food intake and feeding behaviour is well known. It is also well established that @entity13557 ( @entity4113 ) causes @entity74 in feeding behaviour. In this study, we analyzed the precise distribution of hypothalamic neurons activated by i.p. @entity4113 administration (LCA neurons) and compared it to that of hypothalamic neurons which project to autonomic preganglionic levels (HAP neurons). We also analysed the possibility that some neurons belong to both populations of nerve cells. To this end, a multiple-labelling technique, using two retrograde fluorescent tracers together with @entity5019 -like immunohistochemistry, was performed. Fast Blue was injected in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and Fluorogold (FG) in the thoracic intermedial-lateral cell column, to trace parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways, respectively. @entity4113 was used as stimulus for @entity5019 -like immunohistochemistry. HAP neurons were located mainly in the dorsal, ventral and lateral regions of the parvocellular PVN, while LCA neurons were observed predominantly in the magnocellular region of the PVN rostrally to HAP neurons. A significant number of FG/ @entity5019 double-labelled neurons were located in the dorsal parvocellular subnucleus of the PVN (dp) in the @entity4113 -stimulated @entity35 . We concluded that there is a clear segregation of LCA neurons from HAP neurons within the PVN. The presence of FG/ @entity5019 double-labelled neurons in the dp suggests that this nucleus could mediate a sympathetic response after @entity4113 administration.

title: Separate populations of neurons within the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of the @entity35 project to vagal and thoracic autonomic preganglionic levels and express @entity5019 protein induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various disorders']

answer: @entity13557 :: (MESH:D018021,Chemical) :: ['lithium chloride']


abstract: Between 1977 and 1989, 24 @entity1 (19 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) with @entity12040 underwent renal artery restoration. Mean age was 32.9 years (range 15 to 60 years). All @entity1 were @entity101 and three had moderate, @entity177 . Renal artery lesions were unilateral in two @entity1 (8%), bilateral in 17 @entity1 (71%), and unilateral in a solitary kidney in five (21%). Associated lesions of the thoracic or abdominal aorta or both were found in 22 @entity1 (92%). Lesions of the visceral arteries found located in 21 @entity1 (87%) and of the supraaortic trunks in 16 (67%). Initial revascularization of the supraaortic trunks was performed in four @entity1 (17%). Renal artery revascularization was unilateral in 11 @entity1 (46%) and bilateral in 13 (54%). Concomitant aortic reconstruction was performed in 21 @entity1 (87%), visceral artery reconstruction in 17 @entity1 (71%), and supraaortic surgery in seven (29%). One @entity1 who underwent combined aortic and renal artery restoration, and in whom visceral artery involvement had been neglected, died postoperatively of @entity712 and @entity1188 . Three @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Twenty @entity1 have been followed for a mean of 61.3 months (range 4 to 124 months). One @entity1 died at 89 months of @entity1188 secondary to embolization originating from a false @entity449 . Five repeat renal revascularizations were required in four @entity1 . @entity101 is presently cured in 12 @entity1 (63%), improved in six (31%), and unchanged in one (6%). Even though surgical treatment of @entity455 in @entity12040 often includes complex and repeat revascularization procedures, satisfactory long-term results suggest the use of renal artery reconstruction in this affliction.

title: Reconstructive surgery of the renal arteries in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's disease"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal infarction']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous reports have documented better outcomes after open @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair in tertiary centers compared with lower-volume hospitals, but outcome variability for @entity1028 repair (EVAR) vs open @entity1028 repairs in a large tertiary center using a Medicare-derived mortality risk prediction model has not been previously reported. In the current study, we compared the observed vs predicted mortality after EVAR and open @entity1028 repair in a single large tertiary vascular center. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all @entity1 who underwent repair of a nonruptured infrarenal @entity1028 in our center from 2003 to 2012. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate 30-day mortality. @entity1 were stratified into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups, and mortality was predicted for each @entity1 based on demographics and comorbidities according to the Medicare risk prediction model. RESULTS: We analyzed 297 @entity1 (EVAR, 72%; open @entity1028 repair, 28%; symptomatic, 25%). Most of our @entity1 were of high and moderate risk (48% and 28%, respectively). The observed 30-day mortality was 1.9% after EVAR vs 2.4% after open repair (odds ratio [OR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-4.29; P  = .67). There was no difference in mortality with EVAR vs open repair after adjusting for predefined @entity1 characteristics (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.16-7.43; P  = .93); only preoperative @entity8 was predictive of 30-day mortality after @entity1028 repair in our cohort (OR, 8.39; 95% CI, 1.41-67.0). The observed mortality within our study was significantly lower than the Medicare-derived expected mortality for each treatment group within @entity1 stratified as high risk or medium risk (P  <= .0002 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Despite treating @entity1 with high preoperative risk status, we report a 10-fold decrease in operative mortality for EVAR and open @entity1028 repair in a tertiary vascular center compared with national Medicare-derived predictions. High-risk @entity1 should be considered for @entity439 management in dedicated aortic centers, regardless of approach.

title: Mortality variability after endovascular versus open XXXX repair in a large tertiary vascular center using a Medicare-derived risk prediction model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular AAA', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Invasive @entity3484 ( @entity3484 ) has a poor prognosis (survival <50% at 5 years), and @entity5 stage and grade often fail to predict outcome. Our purpose was to establish whether the expression of Ki67, @entity876 , @entity993 , @entity5962 , survivin or @entity4311 can provide prognostic information in @entity3484 . METHODS: The following data from the files of 62 @entity1 treated for @entity3484 over 12 years were collated: age at diagnosis, prior history of @entity5 , @entity286 consumption, @entity5 stage (including surgical margins) and grade, and disease progression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Ki67, @entity876 , @entity993 , @entity5962 , survivin and @entity4311 was performed on tissue microarray sections from @entity5 tissue. RESULTS: Overall, 31 @entity1 died with @entity3 from @entity3484 . Mean survival was 20+/-16 months (range 2-83). In a univariate analysis, advanced age (>68 years), high stage, and loss of @entity5962 and high Ki67 expression were associated with a poor prognosis and disease recurrence. In a multivariate analysis, the independent factors of prognosis and recurrence were @entity5962 (p=0.001; p=0.004), age (p=0.022; p=0.008), and high stage (p=0.023; p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5962 is a useful independent prognostic factor in @entity3484 , for use in addition to age and @entity5 stage. It is of particular interest to predict recurrence in @entity1 with low grade non-invasive @entity5 . Ki67 expression is informative but less significant. Survivin, @entity876 , @entity993 and @entity4311 have no prognostic value.

title: Tissue microarray analysis of the prognostic value of @entity5962 , Ki67, XXXX , @entity993 , survivin and @entity4311 expression in @entity3484 .

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma', 'UUT-TCC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospital compliance with the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) measures has increased recently for @entity1 undergoing hip arthroplasty. However, @entity86 were less than expected, and concern remains about complications associated with prophylaxis against @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). We sought to examine the association between hospital adherence to SCIP measures and @entity86 . METHODS: We conducted an observational study of 17,714 @entity1 who underwent hip replacement in 2008 at 128 New York state hospitals. These hospitals were divided into less compliant and highly compliant groups, on the basis of their levels of compliance compared with the median value of compliance with SCIP measures. From the New York State Department of Health annual report, we collected the confirmed @entity86 at the facility level. From the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project state inpatient database, we identified incidences of @entity86 at the @entity1 level, using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. RESULTS: During 2008, mean hospital compliance increased from 93.5% to 96.0% for the infection prevention measure and from 91.4% to 97.5% for the @entity1211 prevention measure. Higher adherence to infection prevention measures was not associated with a significant @entity281 (p >= 0.09 for all). Hospitals that were at least 97% compliant with the SCIP @entity1211 -2 measure ( @entity1 receiving @entity1211 prophylaxis around the time of surgery) reported significantly higher infection rates compared with less compliant hospitals (1.60% versus 0.93%; p < 0.001). Similarly, @entity1 from highly compliant hospitals (for the @entity1211 -2 measure) were at significant risk of @entity86 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 2.12; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Targeting complete compliance with SCIP infection prevention measures was not associated with additional reductions in infection outcomes following hip replacement. Furthermore, significant risk of @entity86 may result from increased perioperative use of @entity1211 prophylactics.

title: Compliance with Surgical Care Improvement Project measures and hospital-associated XXXX following hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in infection']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections', 'reductions in postoperative infections', 'postoperative infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: The aim of the study was to clarify if @entity194 of the thigh muscles was related to the radiological and clinical long-term healing results of primary knee ligament surgery. At the Tampere University Central Hospital a radiological and clinical reexamination was performed in 61 @entity1 on an average 40 months after primary operation of acute knee @entity130 . The study group consisted of 26 @entity1 having clear quadriceps @entity2057 in the injured knee at the follow-up. Thirty-four @entity1 with equal circumference of the thighs, served as controls. One @entity1 was excluded. The groups did not differ significantly from each other in respect to age, sex, physical activity, type of @entity130 , meniscectomy, and follow-up time. In radiological evaluation the previously developed knee scoring scale was used taking into account only changes caused by the studied injury. The mean score of the study group was 93.7 +/- 6.2 (range 73-100) and the controls 96.2 +/- 4.0 (87-100); p less than 0.05. In both the most common changes of post-traumatic @entity571 were @entity5040 , @entity730 and joint space narrowing. In clinical examination the @entity1 of the study group were placed significantly more often in the groups of fair or poor healing in subjective, objective, overall (in each p less than 0.001) and functional (p less than 0.05) evaluation. According to this study, it seems that thigh @entity2057 plays an important role as a poor prognostic factor of knee ligament injuries being thus a good target for efforts to stop the continuous deterioration of the injured knee. Obviously the post-traumatic osteoarthrotic process is a vicious circle: thigh @entity194 increases dynamic knee instability, which in turn not only starts or accelerates the arthrotic process but also increases--by discomfort and disuse of the knee--the @entity194 itself.

title: Thigh @entity2057 and postoperative XXXX after knee ligament tears.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['ligament calcification']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is not known whether @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ; a drug widely used in neurology and psychiatry) influences the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast changes induced by neuronal activation and measured by functional MRI (fMRI). We aimed to investigate the influence of @entity2050 on memory induced activation of the mesial temporal lobes in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one individual @entity1 with refractory symptomatic @entity1315 with different @entity2050 serum levels and 20 healthy controls were studied using BOLD fMRI. Mesial temporal lobe (MTL) activation was induced by a task that is based on the retrieval of individually familiar visuo-spatial knowledge. The extent of significant MTL fMRI activation was measured and correlated with the @entity2050 serum level. RESULTS: In @entity1315 @entity1 , the extent of significant fMRI activation over both MTL was negatively correlated to the @entity2050 serum level (Spearman r = -0.654, P < 0.001). Activation over the supposedly normal MTL, i.e. contralateral to the @entity410 onset of @entity1315 @entity1 , was smaller than the averaged MTL activation in healthy controls (P < 0.005). Age, duration of @entity302 , side of @entity410 onset, and intelligence were not correlated to the extent of the significant BOLD-response over both MTL in @entity1 with @entity1315 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1315 @entity1 , @entity2049 reduces the fMRI-detectable changes within the mesial temporal lobes as induced by effortful memory retrieval. FMRI appears to be suitable to study the effects of chronic drug treatment in @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: XXXX reduces memory induced activation of mesial temporal lobe structures: a pharmacological fMRI-study.

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['Carbamazepine']