abstract: Slipped @entity4039 is rare in Asiatic Indonesian-Malays. Seven cases (9 hips) of this condition in Ramathibodi Hospital including five @entity1 (average age, 12.5 years) and two @entity1 (average age, 13 years) were reviewed. Most of the cases (4 out of 7) were acute on chronic and mild slips. No @entity4903 was observed in all cases. All of the @entity1 had a body weight above the mean of the normal population, four of which were @entity28 . For the treatment, a single screw fixation including one case with cancellous and six cases with cannulated type were used. In the follow-up of average 2.5 years, six cases had satisfactory results. @entity2530 occurred in one case with mild and chronic slips in which a cancellous screw was used. It is concluded that @entity28 is the important factor related to the etiology in this study and probably is the same in other developing countries. The effect of a cancellous screw causing @entity2530 is still questionable.

title: Slipped XXXX in Ramathibodi Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disorder']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis', 'Avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']


abstract: Both @entity486 and @entity5190 were readily metabolized by @entity1 intestinal microsomes. Comparison of the patterns of metabolites in incubations with enterocyte microsomes and expressed @entity12325 ( @entity12325 ) isozymes and immunoinhibition and chemical inhibition studies showed the essential role of the @entity5322 subfamily in the metabolism of both protease inhibitors by the small intestine. @entity486 was similarly biotransformed by microsomes containing expressed @entity5322 or @entity5396 isozymes (KM = 0.05-0.07 microM, Vmax = 1-1.4 nmol/min/nmol @entity12325 ). In contrast, both the patterns of metabolites and the enzyme kinetic parameters for the metabolism of @entity5190 by expressed @entity5396 (KM = 0.21 microM, Vmax = 0.24 nmol/min/nmol @entity12325 ) and @entity5322 (KM = 0.04 microM, Vmax = 0.68 nmol/min/nmol @entity12325 ) were different. The biotransformation of both @entity5190 and @entity486 in @entity1 enterocyte microsomes was characterized by very low KM values (0.2-0.4 microM for @entity5190 and <0.1 microM for @entity486 ). The Vmax for @entity5190 metabolism was greater in enterocyte (163 +/- 35 pmol/min/mg protein) than in liver (68 +/- 44 pmol/min/mg protein) microsomes. The metabolism of @entity486 in liver and enterocyte microsomes was associated with inactivation of @entity5322 . The initial Vmax for @entity486 metabolism by enterocyte microsomes was 89 +/- 59 pmol/min/mg protein. The apparent inactivation rate constants for intestinal @entity5322 and expressed @entity5322 were 0.078 and 0.135 min-1, respectively. Metabolic inactivation of @entity5322 by @entity486 explains the improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of @entity486 and the sustained elevation of blood levels of other, concomitantly administered, substrates of @entity5322 .

title: Metabolism of the @entity1 immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors @entity5190 and @entity486 by XXXX intestinal microsomes and expressed cytochrome P4503A4/3A5: mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P4503A by @entity486 .

entities_list: @entity5190 :: ('MESH:D019469', 'Chemical') :: ['indinavir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir', 'Ritonavir']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To increase our understanding of @entity1 ' reactions and behavior at onset of symptoms of @entity583 . PROCEDURE: During a 5-month period a questionnaire focusing on symptoms, thoughts, and environmental factors at onset of symptoms was administered to all @entity1 admitted to the coronary care unit at Sahlgrenska Hospital in G  teborg, Sweden, because of suspected @entity583 . RESULTS: A @entity583 developed in 48% of the 226 @entity1 answering the questionnaire. In 81% of the @entity1 , @entity662 was the main symptom bringing them to the hospital. Forty-three percent characterized their symptoms as an oppression or uncomfortable feeling. Eighty-five percent suspected that the @entity158 emanated from the heart, and yet 51% hesitated to go to the hospital, mainly because they expected the @entity158 to disappear. Efforts to relieve @entity158 were made by 63%, (mostly with @entity1242 ), which was taken more often by @entity1 who did not subsequently develop a @entity583 than by those who did. Only 50% of the @entity1 used an ambulance for transportation to hospital. There was a significant relation between subjective assessment of severity of symptoms and 1-year mortality (p < 0.05) and rehospitalization rate (p < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1 seem to interpret the symptoms of a @entity583 correctly and also have a correct perception of the severity of symptoms. For only a few is the natural next step to immediately call for an ambulance to get to the hospital.

title: Symptoms, thoughts, and environmental factors in suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: In the present study we have evaluated the effect of recombinant @entity1 fibroblast, @entity2391 ser, and immune, @entity379 , interferon, alone and in combination, on the proliferation of fifteen early passage @entity1 @entity463 cell cultures. Explant cultures were established from @entity463 tumor tissue obtained at the time of surgery. After sufficient outgrowth, cultures were dispersed with trypsin/versene and maintained as independent cell lines. @entity2391 ser induced a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in the 7 day growth of 6 of the 15 cultures. The majority of cultures, 9 of 15, displayed less than or equal to 50% growth suppression in comparison with control cultures after 7 days exposure to 2000 Units/ml of @entity2391 ser. When treated with 2000 Units/ml of @entity379 , only 1 of the 15 @entity463 cultures exhibited a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in growth. In contrast, when treated with the combination of @entity2391 ser plus @entity379 , 1000 Units/ml of each interferon preparation, 12 of 15 cultures were inhibited by greater than or equal to 50% after 7 days growth. The combination of interferons was effective in suppressing @entity463 growth both in cultures displaying relative sensitivity and those exhibiting innate resistance to either or both types of interferon when employed alone. One @entity463 culture, @entity13459 , was studied through 45 passages and displayed the same sensitivity at different passages to growth inhibition when exposed to @entity2391 ser, @entity379 or both interferons. Based on previous clinical studies indicating that @entity2391 or @entity379 when administered alone to @entity1 do not generally alter the clinical progression of @entity11 , the present results suggest that the combination of @entity2391 plus @entity379 may prove more effective than either agent alone in the clinical treatment of @entity1 with @entity463 multiforme.

title: Enhanced in vitro growth suppression of XXXX @entity463 cultures treated with the combination of recombinant fibroblast and immune interferons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The undulation pump is a small continuous flow displacement-type blood pump. The undulation pump total artificial heart (UPTAH) is a unique implantable total artificial heart using undulation pumps. An adult female @entity1237 weighing 45.8 kg was used for implantation. The natural heart was replaced with the UPTAH under extracorporal circulation. The cardiac output (CO) was maintained to 100 ml/kg/min by controlling the right pump manually. To prevent @entity4 , the left pump was controlled automatically to maintain the left atrial pressure below 20 mm Hg. The CO was maintained for 2 weeks. Thereafter, the CO gradually decreased. The @entity1237 suddenly died because of a @entity64 on the 31st postoperative day. At autopsy, the cavity of the left atrial cuff was almost occupied by the big pannus-like @entity715 , which was thought to be the cause of @entity204 . Improvement of the atrial cuff is necessary to obtain longer survival and is being modified. No @entity715 was found inside the pumps. However, temperature rise in a left motor was a problem. Improvement of the efficiency in a motor is necessary. Although many problems still remained, 1 month survival could be obtained with this unique implantable TAH using continuous flow displacement-type blood pumps.

title: One month survival with the undulation pump total artificial heart in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['brain stroke']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lung edema']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']


abstract: Activity of the four known protease-activated receptors (PARs) has been well studied in rodent enteric nervous system and results in animal models established an important role for neuronal @entity12610 . We recently demonstrated that, unlike in rodents, @entity8781 is the dominant neuronal protease receptor in the @entity1 submucous plexus. With this study we investigated whether this also applies to the @entity1 myenteric plexus. We used voltage sensitive dye recordings to detect action potential discharge in primary cultures of @entity1 myenteric neurons in response to PAR activating peptides (APs). Application of the @entity8781 -AP (TFLLR) or @entity42689 -AP (GYPGQV) evoked spike discharge in 79 or 23% of myenteric neurons, respectively. The @entity8781 -AP response was mimicked by the endogenous @entity8781 activator thrombin and blocked by the @entity8781 antagonists @entity8226 . @entity1 myenteric neurons did not respond to @entity12610 -AP. This was not due to culture conditions because all three PAR-APs evoked action potentials in cultured @entity840 myenteric neurons. Consecutive application of PAR-APs revealed coexpression (relative to the population responding to PAR-APs) of @entity8781 / @entity12610 in 51%, @entity8781 / @entity42689 in 43%, and of @entity12610 / @entity42689 in 29% of @entity840 myenteric neurons. Our study provided further evidence for the prominent role of neuronal @entity8781 in the @entity1 enteric nervous system.

title: Activity of protease-activated receptors in primary cultured XXXX myenteric neurons.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs), produced in response to stress, are suppressive in disease models. We previously showed that @entity4430 @entity18458 prevented development of airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 in @entity19 . Our goal in this study was to define the mechanism responsible for the suppressive effects of HSP. In one in vivo approach, BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized to OVA, followed by primary OVA challenges. Several weeks later, @entity18458 was administered prior to a single, provocative secondary challenge. In a second in vivo approach, the secondary challenge was replaced by intratracheal instillation of allergen-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The in vitro effects of @entity18458 on BMDCs were examined in coculture experiments with @entity1961 (+) T cells. In vivo, @entity18458 prevented the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 . Additionally, @entity630 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased. In vitro, @entity18458 induced Notch receptor ligand @entity13186 expression on BMDCs, and @entity18458 -treated BMDCs skewed @entity1961 (+) T cells to @entity630 cytokine production. Thus, @entity18458 -induced effects on allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 were associated with increased @entity13186 expression on dendritic cells, modulation of dendritic cell function, and @entity1961 (+) @entity630 cytokine production.

title: Microbial @entity1457 protein 65 attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and XXXX by modulating the function of dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium leprae']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Genes of the VCS (variable coding sequence) family are characterized by an extensive evolutionary divergence in the protein-coding sequence. The VCS family has been characterized by cDNA cloning from submandibular glands in the @entity35 , @entity19 and @entity1 . At the genomic level, the sequences of two members of this family are known in the @entity35 @entity35 : the @entity47212 gene, encoding the prohormone-like polypeptide @entity47212 , and the @entity56659 gene, encoding a salivary Pro-rich polypeptide. No genomic data were available for the VCS genes of other species. To understand the evolution of the VCS gene family better, we have now sequenced 23 kilobases (kb) of the @entity19 @entity56660 gene. The @entity56660 sequence reveals numerous genomic reorganizations such as an inversion, insertions of short elements and an unusually high number of long interspersed repeated elements (LINEs), which make up 42% of this region. Interestingly, @entity56660 is composed of three different VCS-like regions. The first of these regions contains all the exons necessary to encode the previously described @entity19 submandibular gland polypeptide MSG2alpha. This region aligns with the entire genomic sequences of @entity35 @entity47212 and @entity56659 genes. The two other regions align with fragments of these @entity35 sequences. The three regions are arrayed in tandem and flanked by LINEs. In particular, the third region also contains exons that were found in mRNA species from the submandibular gland. In total, we have characterized five mRNAs from @entity19 submandibular glands which have in common their first exon, and are produced by alternative splicing. @entity56660 is thus a single gene that arose by the fusion of three genes (or pseudogenes) of the VCS multigene family.

title: The @entity19 XXXX gene is a composite structure which evolved by gene fusion and encodes five distinct salivary mRNA species.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Rattus norvegicus']

answer: @entity56660 :: (20600(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Vcs2']


abstract: The principle rate-limiting enzyme required for @entity2434 production is @entity49226 : @entity2945 cytidylyltransferase. Two functional forms of cytosolic cytidylyltransferase have been previously identified: an active high-molecular weight multimer (H-form) and a relatively inactive low-molecular-weight species (L-form). In the present study, we examined the maturational changes in enzyme mass in the subcellular fractions of fetal, neonatal, and adult @entity35 lungs. Total enzyme mass, measured by immunoblotting of total cellular lung homogenates, revealed a large amount of immunoreactive enzyme during the fetal and neonatal periods and relatively low levels of enzyme in the adult lung. A similar developmental profile for enzyme mass was noted in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions. Further, in the fetus, the majority of cytosolic enzyme mass was expressed as an inactive form (L-form). Stimulation of fetal cytosol with @entity3634 converted the enzyme mass from an inactive form (L-form) to an active form (H-form). In the adult, a substantial portion of the cytosolic enzyme mass was expressed as the active species (H-form). These observations suggest that cytidylyltransferase activity early in lung development is accompanied by an increase in enzyme mass, the majority of which exists as an inactive low-molecular-weight species. In contrast, high levels of enzyme activity are maintained in the adult lung, despite relatively low levels of enzyme mass, because a significantly greater portion of the enzyme mass is expressed as an active high-molecular-weight multimer.

title: Expression of immunoreactive @entity49226 : XXXX cytidylyltransferase in developing @entity35 lung.

entities_list: @entity49226 :: ('CHEBI:17677', 'Chemical') :: ["cytidine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['cholinephosphate']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity2945 :: (MESH:D010767,Chemical) :: ['cholinephosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 may become life threatening if it is complicated by @entity733 . To the best of our knowledge, only case reports have been documented; thus, we analyzed the published experiences and reviewed this issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In addition to two @entity1 treated at our institution, a PubMed search identified 22 cases of @entity697 , complicated by @entity733 , reported by 18 authors between 1955 and 2005. The @entity1 ' characteristics, onset of symptoms, timing and methods of diagnosis and management, and outcome are reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 were adults (21/24, 87.5%), of whom seven were older than 65 years. None of the @entity1 presented with the classical symptoms of @entity697 at the onset of the disease, and less than half (9/24) reported @entity490 . The average interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 16 days, and the most effective diagnostic tool was computed tomography. Pathogens were usually polymicrobial, and appendectomy followed by adequate drainage of the abscess was the best treatment. The mortality rate was 16.7% (4/24), and all @entity204 were caused by profound @entity295 . According to the available data, the average hospital stay was 27.3 days for the survivors. CONCLUSION: The formation of complicated retroperitoneal abscesses involving thigh, psoas muscle, perinephric space, or even the lateral abdominal wall is a serious complication of perforated @entity697 . An intra-abdominal pathological abnormality cannot be excluded in a @entity1 presenting without abdominal symptoms. The mortality rate can only be reduced by a high index of suspicion, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment.

title: @entity733 resulting from perforated XXXX : analysis of its management and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal abscess']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Currently, nearly 1 in 5 Americans is at least 60 years of age. @entity604 , decreased capacity for tissue repair, and @entity102 are known to influence @entity174 patterns and operative algorithms in this age group. This study presents @entity2122 patterns and treatment in an elderly population at a major urban @entity130 center. METHODS: @entity1 records were retrospectively reviewed from February 1998 through December 2010. @entity1 at least 60 years of age who met the inclusion criteria for craniofacial @entity174 identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code review and confirmed by author review of available computed tomograms were studied. Demographic information, @entity174 type, concomitant injuries, and management were recorded. RESULTS: Of 11,084 @entity1 presenting with @entity174 , 1,047 were older than 60 years. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (50%), and most @entity1 were @entity1 (59%). Commonly fractured areas included the nose (n = 452, 43%), maxilla (316, 30%), zygoma (312, 30%), orbital floor (280, 27%), and mandible (186, 18%), with 51 @entity1 (5%) having a concomitant basilar skull @entity174 . Inpatient mortality and length of stay were significantly increased compared with the nongeriatric population (P < .01), although only 5% of all @entity174 were treated operatively. CONCLUSIONS: Fractures in the elderly tend to be minimally displaced midfacial @entity174 that do not warrant surgical intervention. Despite conservative management, the elderly are hospitalized longer than their younger counterparts, have increased critical care needs, and have higher mortality. These data support national medical preparedness in anticipating the craniofacial @entity130 needs of the aging US population and can be used to update treatment algorithms for these @entity1 .

title: Defining predictable patterns of XXXX in the elderly: analysis of 1,047 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial trauma injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'facial fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone atrophy']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['craniomaxillofacial injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5626 represent a new antifungal group with potent activity against Candida species. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the utility of the Sensititre @entity375 One method to determine the in vitro activity of @entity25928 , @entity1331 , and @entity11794 against Candida species isolated from clinical specimens. METHODS: A total of 131 Candida strains were tested using Sensititre @entity375 One colorimetric microdilution method. They belonged to the following species: 42 @entity5132 , 36 @entity7408 , 21 @entity7409 , 12 @entity9841 , 10 C. krusei, 3 @entity18203 , 2 C. famata, 3 C. kefyr, 1 @entity19323 , 1 C. zeylanoides, and 1 @entity10057 . For being considered susceptible the strains had to be inhibited by concentrations  <=2 mg/L of @entity25928 , @entity11794 or @entity1331 . RESULTS: The 80.1% of the strains tested were inhibited by concentrations  <=0.25 mg/L of @entity25928 and @entity1331 . The activity of @entity11794 was slightly lower (78.6% of strains inhibited by concentrations  <=0.25 mg/L). The 96.9% of strains turned out susceptible to concentrations  <=2 mg/L against the three @entity5626 . Two strains of @entity7409 (9.5%), one of @entity18203 , and two of C. famata showed non-susceptible to one or more @entity5626 . CONCLUSIONS: In our series, @entity25928 , @entity1331 , and @entity11794 were effective against @entity5132 , @entity7408 , @entity9841 , C. krusei, C. kefyr, @entity19323 and @entity10057 . The 96.9% of strains were susceptible to all three @entity5626 . Thus, @entity5626 are proved to exhibit excellent activity to the Candida species most frequently involved in @entity1 infections, except @entity7409 .

title: Evaluation of the Sensititre @entity375 One microdilution method for susceptibility testing of Candida species to XXXX , @entity11794 , and @entity1331 .

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity25928 :: ('MESH:C102786', 'Chemical') :: ['anidulafungin']

entities_list: @entity18203 :: ('4929', 'Species') :: ['C. guilliermondii']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['Candida parapsilosis', 'C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins', 'Echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity25928 :: (MESH:C102786,Chemical) :: ['anidulafungin']


abstract: CONTEXT: Earlier findings demonstrated that pretreatment of Herba Cistanches [the dried whole plant of Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma (Orobanchaceae)], a "Yang-invigorating" Chinese tonic herb, stimulated the @entity855 -generation capacity ( @entity855 -GC) in mitochondria isolated from @entity35 heart ex vivo. The enhancement of mitochondrial @entity855 -GC by Herba Cistanches was associated with induction of @entity2041 antioxidant status and protection against @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury in @entity35 hearts. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationship between enhancements in mitochondrial @entity855 -GC and @entity2041 antioxidant status in H9c2 cardiomyocytes using a semipurified fraction of Herba Cistanches (HCF1). MATERIALS AND METHODS: HCF1 (10-300 ng/mL) was tested for its effects on mitochondrial @entity855 generation, @entity2041 antioxidant status and protection against oxidant injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and @entity35 hearts. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: HCF1 at 30 ng/mL increased mitochondrial @entity855 -GC and @entity857 -stimulated state 3 respiration (by 50 and 100%, respectively) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The stimulation of mitochondrial respiration was associated with the induction of mitochondrial uncoupling (27%) and enhancement of cellular @entity2041 redox cycling as well as protection against @entity519 /reoxygenation (hypox/reoxy)-induced apoptosis (by 60%). While HCF1 treatment increased reactive @entity26 species generation from mitochondrial respiration in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, pretreatment with antioxidants ( @entity14455 ) abrogated the HCF1-induced cellular responses and the associated cytoprotective effect. HCF1 pretreatment (1.14 and 3.41 mg/kg   14) also protected against @entity741 in @entity35 (by 13 and 32%), presumably mediated by the induction of @entity2041 antioxidant response. CONCLUSION: The long-term intake of HCF1 may offer a prospect for the prevention of @entity741 .

title: Herba Cistanches stimulates cellular @entity2041 redox cycling by reactive XXXX species generated from mitochondrial respiration in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial I/R injury', 'ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine the importance of smoking status at operation and histology type with regard to long-term survival after potential curative surgery for @entity2 . METHODS: We analysed a prospectively validated thoracic surgery database (n = 2485). We benchmarked our 5-year survival against the International Association for the Study of @entity2 (IALSC) results. Univariate and Cox multivariate analyses were performed for the study group and for @entity420 and @entity957 histological subtypes. RESULTS: Benchmarking failed to reveal any differences in survival of our study cohort compared with the IALSC results, P = 0.16. Univariate analysis revealed that non-smokers have a statistically better long-term outcome, P < 0.0001, than ever smokers. @entity1 with @entity420 , n = 1216, had a worse outcome in ever smokers, P = 0.006. In @entity1 with @entity957 , n = 1065, smoking status made no difference, P = 0.4. Long-term survival was not significantly different for @entity420 or @entity957 , P = 0.87. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that @entity1 with @entity420 who were current smokers had a significantly worse long-term survival compared with ex-smokers and non-smokers (hazard ratio: 1.26, 95 confidence interval: 1.01-1.56), P = 0.04. Age, body mass index, sex, T stage, N stage, predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), @entity66 , @entity167 consumption and oral @entity6 were additional significant factors affecting long-term survival. Pneumonectomy, pack years, bronchial resection margin, New York Heart Association class, @entity101 , previous cerebrovascular event, diet or insulin-controlled @entity6 and previous @entity583 were excluded by the analysis as significant risk factors. Smoking status did not affect long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity957 . CONCLUSIONS: Smoking status at time of surgery does not effect long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity957 . Smoking status makes a significant difference to the long-term outcomes of @entity1 with @entity420 even after adjustment for their risk factors. This implies that a histological classification of @entity420 may incorporate genetically diverse @entity420 with regard to prognosis.

title: Smoking status at diagnosis and histology type as determinants of long-term outcomes of @entity2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma', 'isolated adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The relationship between thyroid status and renal function has been well characterized. However, renal function is affected by various factors, including sex and dysglycemia. Because these studies have yet to be undertaken in a normoglycemic population, this study sought to explore the association between thyroid and renal function in large population of normoglycemic euthyroid adults. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional survey. @entity1 : A total of 8,418 normoglycemic euthyroid @entity1 were recruited after excluding individuals with @entity1374 (thyrotropin, TSH < 0.47 mU/L, TSH >=  5.0 mU/L) or dysglycemia (fasting @entity413 >= 100 mg/dL). MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measurements were collected, and @entity1011 , TSH, and fasting @entity413 levels were evaluated. Renal function was determined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) calculated using the simplified Modification of Diet in @entity8 formula. RESULTS: TSH levels were inversely correlated with e-GFR. After adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate analysis revealed that TSH remained an independent factor of e-GFR in both genders (beta = -1.512 in males and -1.685 in females), and TSH was an independent factor of @entity740 (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.021-1.604). CONCLUSIONS: TSH is an independent factor for @entity8 in normoglycemic euthyroid adults.

title: Thyrotropin as an independent XXXX in normoglycemic euthyroid adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease', 'determining renal function and chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['factor of renal function and chronic kidney disease']


abstract: In The Netherlands, national guidelines for the treatment of adult @entity1 with @entity4008 were introduced in October 1997. In 1998 we began a prospective, nationwide study to evaluate the compliance with these consensus-based guidelines. In addition, we evaluated whether the recommended initial treatment provides adequate microbiological coverage. From October 1998 to January 2000, 365 adults with @entity4008 were identified using information from The Netherlands Reference Laboratory for @entity4008 ; 263 @entity1 were classified into four categories depending on @entity1 's age and underlying health status. In the first category, @entity1 16-60 years without risk factors, @entity3631 was the most common pathogen (53%); 62 of 127 @entity1 (49%) received treatment in compliance with the guidelines. In the second and third categories, @entity1 >60 years without risk factors and those with risk factors independently of age, @entity328 caused 61% and 58% of cases, respectively. Compliance in these categories was about 17%. Overall, 33% of @entity1 received treatment in compliance with the guidelines. The microbiological coverage of @entity1 treated in compliance and not in compliance with the guidelines was 98% and 93%, respectively. In conclusion, 1 year after national consensus-based guidelines for the initial treatment of adult @entity1 with @entity4008 were introduced in The Netherlands, only one-third of Dutch physicians were adhering to the guidelines. The microbiological coverage for the @entity1 who were treated in compliance with the guidelines was almost complete (98%).

title: Antibiotic guidelines and antibiotic use in adult XXXX in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis', 'Bacterial Meningitis']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided cryotherapy as a primary treatment for @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of percutaneous transrectal US (TRUS)-guided cryotherapy was performed on 71 @entity1 with T1-T3, N0, M0 @entity263 : 10 @entity1 underwent two or more procedures. All cases were newly diagnosed and @entity1 had no previous treatment for @entity5 . For all @entity1 , TRUS biopsies were performed at 5-6 months. @entity1 were monitored at 6 weeks; 3, 6, 9, and 12 months; and twice yearly thereafter for @entity1486 (PSA) levels, complications, and clinical evidence of @entity66 . RESULTS: Follow-up from 10 to 36 months was available for 70 of 71 @entity1 ; one @entity1 died of unrelated disease. Initially, 10 of 69 @entity1 had positive postcryotherapy biopsy results. After repeated treatment, nine of these 10 @entity1 had negative biopsy results and one @entity1 had no follow-up. Overall, 68 of 69 @entity1 had negative biopsy results. At 1 year, 43 of 64 (67%) had an undetectable PSA level. Two @entity1 had proven metastases. Complications include three cases with urethral sloughing requiring transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). One @entity1 had @entity11570 . Two @entity1 had persistent @entity322 , one as the result of a TURP. There was no death, acute serious morbidity, or @entity292 formation. Impotence was universal at 6 months, but many @entity1 demonstrated late recovery. CONCLUSION: Cryoablation is an imaging-guided percutaneous intervention for @entity263 that can safely yield disease-free status in a high percentage of @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: Outcome and safety of transrectal US-guided percutaneous cryotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'localized disease']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: Serum levels of soluble @entity1199 receptor (sIL-2R) have been proposed as a clinical marker of @entity29 . The source of sIL-2R in @entity1 with @entity30 and @entity31 is unknown, and other soluble receptors have not been investigated. In the present study, sIL-2R and soluble @entity405 and @entity404 levels were measured in plasma and culture supernatants of peripheral blood and intestinal mucosal mononuclear cells from @entity1 with @entity29 , surgical controls, and healthy subjects. Level of plasma sIL-2R was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity30 and @entity31 than in healthy volunteers. Intestinal cells always produced more sIL-2R than peripheral cells. Spontaneous sIL-2R production by mucosal cells was significantly elevated in @entity30 but not in @entity31 supernatants compared with levels of surgical controls. Soluble @entity405 and @entity404 were poor indicators of @entity1200 . A positive correlation was found between plasma sIL-2R and spontaneous production by intestinal cells of @entity1 with @entity30 and surgical control @entity1 , whereas @entity31 plasma sIL-2R correlated with spontaneous production by peripheral cells. The association of plasma or spontaneous sIL-2R levels with the degree of @entity32 was weak, and there was a wide overlap with control values. Therefore, caution should be used before considering sIL-2R an accurate marker of @entity29 activity.

title: Soluble @entity1199 and XXXX and @entity404 receptors in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or mucosal immunity']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1118 often complain of difficulties with cognitive functioning. Previous studies suggest that these occur with no history of @entity542 or @entity16 . This study examined potential predictors of @entity73 in 275 consecutive @entity1 referred to a university @entity158 management center. @entity1 completed a brief set of self-report measures of problems with cognitive functioning, biographical information, @entity158 severity, @entity158 location, @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity25 , medication use, and litigation status during their first visit to the clinic. The most frequently reported @entity73 included forgetfulness (23.4%), minor accidents (23.1%), difficulty finishing tasks (20.5%), and difficulty with attention (18.7%). Fifty-four percent of @entity1 reported at least one problem with cognitive functioning. Correlation analyses showed that using antidepressants, @entity158 severity, @entity158 -related @entity148 , and @entity308 were moderately associated with @entity73 . Regression analyses showed that @entity308 accounted for the largest unique proportion of variance in @entity73 (DeltaR2 = 29%). Given the high frequency of complaints of @entity73 , this realm of functioning deserves routine assessment. When these complaints are encountered, a careful evaluation considering a range of neurological, social, and emotional influences is in order.

title: Predicting complaints of @entity73 in XXXX with @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive complaints', 'total cognitive complaints', 'impaired cognitive functioning']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The early to intermediate stages of the majority of @entity14 are thought to be driven by aberrations in the Wnt ( @entity1412 , @entity3546 ) and @entity984 ( @entity984 ) pathways. A smaller proportion of @entity5 shows @entity5527 . The aim of this study was to analyse the co-occurrence of these genetic alterations in relation to @entity5 and @entity1 characteristics. METHODS: In a group of 656 unselected sporadic @entity14 @entity1 , aberrations in the @entity1412 , @entity984 , @entity3546 genes, and expression of @entity6756 were investigated. Additionally, @entity5 were divided in groups based on molecular features and compared with respect to @entity1 's age at diagnosis, sex, family history of @entity14 , @entity5 sub-localisation, Dukes' stage and differentiation. RESULTS: Mutations at the phosphorylation sites (codons 31, 33, 37, and 45) in the @entity3546 gene were observed in @entity5 from only 5/464 @entity1 . Tumours with truncating @entity1412 mutations and activating @entity984 mutations in codons 12 and 13 occurred at similar frequencies (37% (245/656) and 36% (235/656), respectively). Seventeen percent of @entity5 harboured both an @entity1412 and a @entity984 mutation (109/656). Nine percent of all @entity5 (58/656) lacked @entity6756 expression. @entity1 harbouring a @entity5 with absent @entity6756 expression were older, more often @entity1 , more often had proximal @entity5 that showed poorer differentiation when compared to @entity1 harbouring @entity5 with an @entity1412 and/or @entity984 mutation. CONCLUSION: @entity3546 mutations seem to be of minor importance in sporadic @entity14 . The main differences in @entity5 and @entity1 characteristics are found between groups of @entity1 based on @entity5527 .

title: Mutations in XXXX , @entity3546 and @entity984 genes and expression of @entity6756 in sporadic @entity14 from the Netherlands Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'colon tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['mismatch repair deficiency']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumours']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['APC']


abstract: @entity1653 are reported infrequently as pure @entity5 , and they are rarely located at the caudal end of the spine. The unique combination of a wholly @entity5 confined entirely to the sacral canal has not been previously described. The authors describe the case of a 29-year-old @entity1 who presented with coccygeal and left-sided S2-4 dermatomal @entity158 . Examination confirmed sensory loss in the same distribution. A magnetic resonance image revealed an enhancing @entity66 in the sacral canal scalloping the bone at @entity40159 and @entity12678 . An apparent complete resection was performed. Intraoperatively the authors observed an entirely @entity5 with a small dural attachment at the most caudal end of the thecal sac. Histological examination confirmed that the @entity5 was an @entity1653 . A local recurrence developed within 1 year of surgery, and the @entity1 underwent a hemisacrectomy for @entity5 removal. An additional recurrence in the lumbosacral spine and multiple pulmonary metastases developed thereafter. In addition to the unique nature of this case, the authors also observed a @entity5 behaving in a far more @entity146 fashion than its histological findings would suggest. This adds to the differential diagnosis of @entity5 occurring in the sacral canal.

title: XXXX of the sacral canal. Case report.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epidural tumors', 'epidural tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal meningiomas', 'atypical meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Epidural meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1421 and @entity18469 ( @entity18469 ) are embryonic-derived signals that time embryo passage into the uterus in the mare and hamster respectively. @entity18469 -like activity is detectable in the spent media of preimplantation @entity1 embryos and it has been suggested that @entity18469 may be the embryonic signal that controls embryo transport to the uterus in our species. The actions of @entity18469 are regulated at the level of its synthesis and degradation as well as the expression of a specific cell surface receptor ( @entity3765 ). The enzyme @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ) degrades @entity18469 . This study was undertaken to examine whether or not @entity3765 and @entity6511 are expressed in the @entity1 Fallopian tube and to identify the cell types in which they are expressed. METHODS: The presence of @entity3765 mRNA in tissue extracts was investigated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We amplified the predicted amplicon for @entity3765 mRNA from RNA samples extracted from Fallopian tubes. The expression of @entity6511 was detected by Western blot and the localization of @entity3765 and @entity6511 proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Utilizing antibodies against @entity3765 and @entity6511 , co-localization of the two proteins in the epithelium and stromal cells were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: These observations show that the @entity1 Fallopian tube expresses @entity3765 and @entity6511 at a location compatible with the proposed paracrine role of early embryo-derived @entity18469 .

title: XXXX receptor and @entity6511 expression in the endosalpinx of the @entity1 Fallopian tube: possible role of embryo-derived @entity18469 in the control of embryo transport to the uterus.

entities_list: @entity18469 :: ('9768', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-activating factor', 'PAF']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin-E(2)']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['PAF acetylhydrolase', 'PAF-AH']

answer: @entity18469 :: (9768,Gene) :: ['PAF']


abstract: @entity839 ( @entity839 ) impairs multiple immunological functions. The ability of a macrophage hybridoma to function as an antigen-presenting cell was examined by the stimulation of a soluble protein antigen-specific helper T cell hybridoma to secrete @entity1199 . @entity839 exposure significantly reduced the T cell response to the native form of the antigen after a 24-h pretreatment of the macrophages with nanomolar drug concentrations. However, @entity839 did not affect @entity1199 production when the macrophages presented a synthetic peptide of the antigen to the T cells, suggesting that the drug may interfere with antigen processing, not peptide presentation. @entity26877 inhibition of the T cell response to the native antigen was stereoselective consistent with the involvement of a @entity26877 (CB) receptor. Bioactive @entity18864 diminished T cell activation, whereas the inactive stereoisomer @entity18864 did not. The macrophage hybridoma expressed mRNA for the @entity12332 but not the @entity6510 receptor whereas the T cells expressed an extremely low level of mRNA for the @entity12332 receptor. The @entity6510 -selective antagonist @entity351 did not reverse the suppression caused by @entity839 , demonstrating that the @entity6510 receptor was not responsible for the drug's inhibitory effect. In contrast, the @entity12332 -selective antagonist @entity10029 completely blocked @entity839 's suppression of the T cell response, implicating the participation of the @entity12332 receptor. These findings suggest that the @entity12332 receptor may be involved in CB inhibition of antigen processing by macrophages in this system.

title: XXXX inhibition of the processing of intact lysozyme by macrophages: evidence for @entity12332 receptor participation.

entities_list: @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol', 'THC']

entities_list: @entity26877 :: ('CHEBI:67194', 'Chemical') :: ['Cannabinoid', 'cannabinoid']

answer: @entity26877 :: (CHEBI:67194,Chemical) :: ['Cannabinoid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluates the effect of a novel coil with a @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) core that delivered basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to @entity439 in @entity95 induced by elastase. METHODS: @entity939 was processed to form small threads and inserted into the central core of a primary coil ( @entity939 -core coil). After immersion in saline or bFGF (500 or 2000 mug/ml), @entity939 -core coils were implanted into elastase-induced @entity439 in @entity95 in vivo. Follow-up angiography was performed 4 and 8 weeks after embolization, and the effects were histologically semiquantified according to a grading scale. RESULTS: Follow-up angiography showed that the coils did not compact or protrude and that clots did not form in any group. The score of gross neck healing was significantly higher in the 8-week 2000 bFGF group than in the 8-week @entity939 coil group (2.7 +/- 0.6 versus 0.0 +/- 0.0, P < 0.05). The dome healing score was significantly higher in the 4-week 2000 bFGF group than that of the 4-week @entity939 coil group (4.0 +/- 0.0 versus 2.7 +/- 0.6, P < 0.05). Cells positive for @entity9977 densely accumulated in the dome of the @entity439 embolized with @entity939 -core coils containing bFGF. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the @entity939 -core coil containing bFGF accelerated tissue growth at the neck as well as in the dome of @entity439 induced by elastase in @entity95 . These results suggested that @entity939 -core coils could prevent the recanalization of embolized @entity439 .

title: A @entity4832 core coil containing basic fibroblast growth factor evaluated in @entity95 with XXXX induced by elastase.

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate an outbreak of gram-negative @entity14663 in relation to a common exposure, mud wrestling, and identify risk factors for @entity1909 among those who mud wrestled. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: University of Washington, Seattle. @entity1 : Two college-residence groups of students. RESULTS: Cultures from affected students and from mud similar to that used for wrestling yielded Enterobacteriaceae. The odds ratio associated with mud wrestling was 79.5 (95% confidence interval, 13.9 to 895.4). Increased time spent wrestling was associated with increased risk. Skin @entity130 during wrestling or immersion in the mud increased the risk of @entity281 (odds ratio, 23.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 1440.4). CONCLUSIONS: Mud wrestling is one cause of @entity1909 . @entity130 to the skin may be a necessary cofactor for the development of @entity281 .

title: An outbreak of mud-wrestling-induced @entity1909 in college students. XXXX palaestrae limosae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity14663 :: ('MESH:D005499', 'Disease') :: ['folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['pustular follicular dermatitis', 'dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['Dermatitis']


abstract: @entity2885 ( @entity2885 ), which is mainly caused by uropathogenic @entity526 (UPEC), is the most common bacterial complication in renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. However, it remains unclear how immunosuppressive drugs, such as the calcineurin inhibitor @entity205 ( @entity870 ), decrease renal resistance to UPEC. Here, we investigated the effects of @entity870 in host defense against UPEC in an experimental model of @entity2885 . We show that @entity870 -treated @entity19 exhibit impaired production of the chemoattractant chemokines @entity9701 and @entity15891 , decreased intrarenal recruitment of neutrophils, and greater susceptibility to UPEC than vehicle-treated @entity19 . Strikingly, renal expression of Toll-like receptor 4 ( @entity1990 ) and @entity377 -binding oligomerization domain 1 ( @entity23483 ), neutrophil migration capacity, and phagocytic killing of @entity526 were significantly reduced in @entity870 -treated @entity19 . @entity870 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced, @entity1990 -mediated production of @entity9701 by epithelial collecting duct cells. In addition, @entity870 markedly inhibited @entity23483 expression in neutrophils, macrophages, and renal dendritic cells. @entity870 , acting through inhibition of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATs), also markedly downregulated @entity23483 in neutrophils and macrophages. Silencing the @entity25314 isoform mRNA, similar to @entity870 , downregulated @entity23483 expression in macrophages, and administration of the 11R-VIVIT peptide inhibitor of NFATs to @entity19 also reduced neutrophil bacterial phagocytosis and renal resistance to UPEC. Conversely, synthetic @entity23483 stimulating agonists given to @entity870 -treated @entity19 significantly increased renal resistance to UPEC. Renal transplant recipients receiving @entity870 exhibited similar decrease in @entity23483 expression and neutrophil phagocytosis of @entity526 . The findings suggest that such mechanism of @entity25314 -dependent inhibition of @entity23483 -mediated innate immune response together with the decrease in @entity1990 -mediated production of chemoattractant chemokines caused by @entity870 may contribute to sensitizing kidney grafts to @entity2885 .

title: @entity205 impairs @entity377 binding oligomerization domain ( @entity23483 )-mediated innate antibacterial renal defenses in XXXX and human transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pyelonephritis', 'APN']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Other pathology besides @entity698 may be found in @entity1 with right lower @entity158 . This has led some to advocate diagnostic laparoscopy/laparoscopic appendectomy for all such cases. This policy would substantially raise the costs of care without a priori proof of its efficacy. However, a selective approach on when to proceed with diagnostic laparoscopy will depend on the frequency of finding unexpected, nonappendiceal pathology. To determine this, we reviewed our experience with 202 appendectomies. For females < 50 years old, 33 per cent had normal appendices, 12 per cent had periappendicitis, 47 per cent had @entity697 , 12 per cent had @entity698 , and 26 per cent had other nonappendiceal pathology. For males < 50 years old, 13 per cent had normal appendices, 8 per cent had periappendicitis, 67 per cent had @entity697 , 15 per cent had @entity698 , and 5 per cent had other pathology. For @entity1 > 50 years old, 7 per cent had normal appendices, 13 per cent had periappendicitis, 33 per cent had @entity697 , 60 per cent had @entity698 , and 20 per cent other pathology. Other nonappendiceal pathology was found in 42 per cent of females < 50 with normal appendices, 57 per cent with periappendicitis, and 14 per cent with acute/ @entity698 . In males < 50 years, 50 per cent of those with normal appendices, 10 per cent of those with periappendicitis, and 0.7 per cent of those with @entity697 had nonappendiceal pathology. In conclusion, @entity1 of childbearing age and @entity1 > 50 years old have a significant incidence of nonappendiceal pathology. In this group of @entity1 , a diagnostic laparoscopy appears justifiable to identify the cause of the @entity490 .

title: When it's not XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of surgery and chemotherapy on survival in @entity1 with @entity43 . METHODS: Five hundred twenty-three @entity1 were treated at the same institution in 1977-1990. All pertinent data from @entity1 files were collected by the author. Operations were performed by senior surgeons of the hospital. Cumulative survival and survival analysis with covariates (Cox model) were calculated. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the impact of surgery and chemotherapy on survival in 244 @entity1 who had @entity43 . RESULTS: The overall cumulative 5-year survival for @entity1 with @entity43 treated in the period 1977-1980 was significantly (P = .001) lower (33%) than that for @entity1 treated in 1981-1985 (49%) or 1986-1990 (46%). The 5-year survival of @entity1 with @entity43 improved from 10% in 1977-1980 to 27% in 1986-1990. In these stage III @entity1 , chemotherapy containing @entity900 was associated with better survival than other chemotherapies, both in @entity1 with optimal surgery (1.0- versus 2.9-fold risk of @entity204 ) and in those with suboptimal surgery (1.4- versus 1.7-fold risk of @entity204 ). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that @entity900 may be more important than surgery in improving survival in @entity43 . Thus, @entity43 , at least in advanced stages, is a disease not curable with aggressive surgical procedures alone.

title: XXXX : impact of surgery and chemotherapy on survival during 1977-1990.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage III epithelial ovarian cancer', 'stage III ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of a 5-day cefdinir course with a 10-day @entity20803 course in the treatment of pediatric @entity697 ( @entity697 ). DESIGN: Comparative, investigator-blinded multicenter trial. SETTING: Primary care, ambulatory. @entity1 : @entity1 ages 6 months through 12 years with clinical symptoms and tympanic membrane signs of @entity697 , plus tympanometric-confirmed @entity2171 in at least 1 ear. Of the 435 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 373 were evaluable. INTERVENTION: @entity1 received cefdinir 14 mg/ kg/day divided twice a day for 5 days or @entity20803 30 mg/kg/day divided twice a day for 10 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical resolution of tympanic membrane signs and symptoms of @entity697 determined at end of therapy on Study Days 9 to 11. RESULTS: The clinical cure rate at end of therapy was 80% (152 of 190) for cefdinir-treated @entity1 and 82.5% (151 of 183) for @entity20803 -treated @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 10.43% to 5.4%). @entity294 and overall adverse reactions, respectively, occurred in 7.8 and 13% of cefdinir-treated @entity1 and in 4.2 and 12% of @entity20803 -treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A short course 5-day regimen of cefdinir was as clinically effective and well-tolerated as a 10-day regimen of @entity20803 in the treatment of nonrefractory @entity697 .

title: Five-day cefdinir course vs. ten-day XXXX course for treatment of @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity20803 :: ('MESH:C052018', 'Chemical') :: ['cefprozil']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusion']

answer: @entity20803 :: (MESH:C052018,Chemical) :: ['cefprozil']


abstract: The surface of @entity5603 is now recognized as a dynamic structure which turns over quite rapidly and serves as a renewable source of large quantities of antigen(s). The major host responses to these antigens include a marked @entity1712 and hyperglobulinemia. Both of these responses are apparently ineffective at ridding the body of infective larvae. Both eosinphils and IgE antibodies are manifestations of the Th2 subset of T helper cells and the cytokines that they secrete. Further, there is reason to believe that the antigens released from @entity5603 larvae favor the induction of this cellular population. Finally, there is mounting evidence that the chronic production of parasite antigen and its continued stimulation of the host immune system with a concomitant production of eosinophils can lead to a permanent alteration of the normal organization of the cardiopulmonary system. In the absence of any well-documented drugs capable of killing infective larvae, it would seem that immunological intervention may offer the only way to minimize or neutralize this 'gift from @entity1 's best friend'. This chapter was not intended to be an exhaustive review of the literature pertaining to @entity13871 . Several other recent publications will hopefully fulfill the need for more detailed information on the biology of this organism and the clinical spectrum of the disease it produces [16, 138-140]. Finally, a MEDLARS search of the current medical literature should bring anyone up to speed in a very short time.

title: XXXX @entity13871 and the visceral larva migrans syndrome: correlative immunopathology.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity13871 :: ('MESH:D014120', 'Disease') :: ['toxocariasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Intravenous @entity619 ( @entity3784 ) is used as adjuvant medication in @entity4008 of childhood, although no single study has proven its efficacy against @entity204 , severe @entity16 , or @entity393 . Meta-analyses do not facilitate interpretation, because they combine profoundly dissimilar populations and neglect the @entity1 's presenting condition. Important new information was revealed by a large double-blind, prospective study from Latin America in which the effects of oral @entity653 ( @entity4022 ) were compared with those of @entity3784 . RECENT FINDINGS: Of 654 @entity1 , mainly with @entity327 type b or @entity2506 , 166 received @entity3784 , 159 @entity3784 and @entity4022 , 166 @entity4022 , and 163 placebo. Neither of the adjuvants prevented @entity393 , regardless of agent or timing of antibiotic. Instead of the causative agent, the presenting status was the only characteristic that associated with all three outcomes. @entity4022 , but not @entity3784 , prevented @entity16 , especially in @entity327 type b @entity693 . The likely mechanism of @entity4022 is the increase in plasma osmolality. Cerebrospinal fluid genome counts differ enormously and predict @entity204 in pneumococcal but not @entity327 influenzae type b @entity693 . SUMMARY: Being the first adjuvant in childhood @entity693 with documented clinically meaningful benefits, @entity4022 seriously challenges the position of @entity3784 as adjuvant medication. Severe @entity16 are relieved by @entity4022 , whereas no current medication prevents @entity393 .

title: Improving the outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae', 'Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: To evaluate health effects of chemical mixtures, such as multiple heavy metals in drinking water, we have been developing efficient and accurate hazard identification strategies. Thus, in this study, we determine the @entity137 of @entity3494 , @entity3409 , @entity3407 , and lead, and characterize interactions among these metals in @entity1 epidermal keratinocytes. Three immortal keratinocyte cell lines (RHEK-1, HaCaT, and NM1) and primary keratinocytes (NHEK) were used. A statistical approach applying an additivity response surface methodology was used to test the validity of the additivity concept for a 4-metal mixture. Responses of the 4 keratinocyte strains to the metal mixture were highly dose-dependent. A growth stimulatory effect (hormesis) was observed in RHEK-1, NM1, and NHEK cells with the metal mixture at low concentrations (low ppb range). This hormesis effect was not significant in HaCaT. As the mixture concentration increased, a trend of additivity changed to @entity137 in all 4 cell strains. However, in NHEK, RHEK-1, and HaCaT, at the highest mixture concentrations tested, the responses to the metal mixtures were antagonistic. In NM1, no significant antagonistic interaction among the metals was observed. To explore a mechanistic basis for these differential sensitivities, levels of @entity2041 and @entity13498 were determined in the keratinocyte cell strains. Initial data are consistent with the suggestion that @entity137 turned to antagonistic effects because at highest mixture exposure concentrations cellular defense mechanisms were enhanced.

title: Toxicological interactions among @entity3494 , @entity3409 , @entity3407 , and lead in XXXX keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['synergistic cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity13498 :: ('4502', 'Gene') :: ['metallothioneins I and II']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity302 suffer from an increased risk of @entity204 , primarily due to @entity410 -related fatalities including @entity944 ( @entity944 ), which could be conceivably avoided by surgical cure of the @entity302 . Several series have addressed this issue by comparing the mortality rate between medically and surgically treated drug resistant populations, as well as between @entity1 , @entity410 free and non @entity410 free post-operatively. Results from some studies suggest that successful temporal lobe surgery reduced the risk of @entity204 to that observed in the normal population, whereas @entity1 who continue to suffer recurrent @entity410 still present an increased standardized mortality ratio (SMR). However, other series have failed to replicate this finding, or found no difference in the overall mortality and @entity944 rates between operated and medically treated @entity1 . All the above studies suffer various types of methodological limitations, hampering any definite conclusion regarding the impact of @entity302 surgery on mortality. However, part of the apparently discordant reported findings might be reconciled through the following framework. @entity1 who will eventually respond favourably or unfavourably to an anterior temporal lobectomy might already differ in the risk of @entity410 -related @entity204 , pre-operatively. Specifically, @entity1 whose @entity1315 extends to the perisylvian region ( @entity25474 ) appear to be at higher risk of failed TLE surgery, secondary generalised @entity410 , ictal apnoea or insula-driven severe @entity299 . This population might carry most of the @entity944 burden, both pre- and post-operatively, accounting for the lack of an obvious net reduction of @entity410 related @entity204 after temporal lobe surgery. A multicentric study has recently been launched in order to test this hypothesis, and will hopefully help to conclude on the impact of @entity302 surgery on mortality outcome.

title: The impact of XXXX surgery on mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['SUDEP', 'sudden unexpected death']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epileptogenic network']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhytmias']

entities_list: @entity25474 :: ('MESH:C536956', 'Disease') :: ['temporal plus epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Molecular markers are increasingly being analyzed in @entity5 specimens because of their relevance to both prognosis and choice of therapy. @entity1558 is an uncommon form of @entity0 , in which molecular markers have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of @entity1722 , @entity876 , Ki-67, @entity4910 , @entity588 , @entity172 receptors (ER), and @entity1420 receptors (PR) in mammary Paget disease. METHODS: Archival @entity5 tissues from 14 @entity1 diagnosed between 1990 and 1999 with @entity1558 were analyzed for these molecular markers by using an automated immunohistochemical assay. Both the intraepidermal Paget cells and the underlying @entity189 were assessed for these markers. RESULTS: The majority of Paget cells were positive for @entity1722 (92.9%), @entity4910 (100%), and Ki-67 (85.7%), but very few were positive for @entity588 (14.3%). @entity876 was overexpressed in 42.9% of the cases, and only 28.6% were positive for ER and PR. The rate of expression of these biologic markers was similar in both the Paget cells and the underlying intraductal and/or @entity513 cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 from @entity1 with @entity1558 were positive for @entity1722 , @entity4910 , and Ki-67, molecular markers commonly associated with more @entity146 behavior and poorer survival in @entity0 @entity1 . Few of these @entity5 expressed @entity588 or ER and PR, which are generally associated with a better prognosis. Similar expression of these markers in both Paget cells and the underlying @entity189 supports the theory that these cells are the result of an intraepidermal @entity513 .

title: Molecular markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['spread of ductal carcinoma', 'ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['Paget disease of the breast']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['Paget disease of the breast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity28 Zucker @entity35 exhibits insulin resistance, develops @entity8 at an early age, and may be a model of @entity2316 . @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) may ameliorate many of the factors that contribute to @entity2316 , while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are known to be effective. One marker of @entity8 is the expression of @entity1918 . METHODS: We studied the effect of @entity2494 on the expression of @entity1918 in @entity28 Zucker @entity35 and compared the changes with those in a control group, a group given @entity9383 , and a group on a low-calorie diet. @entity2494 (0.6%) added to plain chow, @entity9383 (0.3 mg/kg) added to drinking water, and a low-calorie diet based on pair-feeding were administered to @entity28 @entity35 from age 4 to 20 weeks. Immunohistochemical expression of @entity1918 , a marker of @entity8 and an early indicator of @entity8 , was measured semiquantitatively in glomeruli, cortical interstitium, and medullary interstitium on a scale of 0 to 4 and was reported as mean +/- SEM. RESULTS: When compared with the @entity28 control group, @entity9383 exhibited a marked reduction in @entity1918 staining in glomeruli, cortical interstitium, and medullary interstitium (P < 0.0005); @entity2494 reduced @entity1918 staining in cortical interstitium and medullary interstitium (P < 0. 005), and a low-calorie diet reduced @entity1918 staining in cortical and medullary interstitium (P < 0.005), which was similar to the effects of @entity2494 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2494 was similar to a low-calorie diet in reducing the immunohistochemical staining of @entity1918 in @entity28 Zucker @entity35 . However, @entity9383 exerted a marked protective effect on the development of @entity82 , as indicated by @entity1918 staining, which was significantly less than that of @entity2494 at the doses studied.

title: Effects of @entity2494 and @entity9383 on @entity8 in @entity28 Zucker XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'interstitial and glomerular fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity9383 :: ('MESH:C041125', 'Chemical') :: ['quinapril']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), an @entity1112 due to lack of @entity4714 , is associated with @entity425 and @entity296 . Although preliminary data support the efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on left ventricular (LV) function, our aim was to examine the long-term impact of a preventive treatment with @entity4687 on mortality in @entity1 with @entity1555 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1555 between the ages of 9.5 and 13 years presenting with normal LV ejection fraction were included in this prospective study. They were randomly assigned for 3 years to @entity4687 , 2 to 4 mg (group 1), or placebo (group 2) in a double-blind protocol, followed by open-label treatment with @entity4687 for up to 10 years. Survival rate at 10 years in each group is reported. RESULTS: There were 28 @entity1 assigned to group 1 and 29 to group 2. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. At the end of the 10 years' follow-up period, survival status was available for all included @entity1 : 26 (92.9%) of 28 @entity1 in group 1 were alive at 10 years versus 19 (65.5%) of 29 in group 2 (P = .02). Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 (P = .013). CONCLUSION: Early initiation of treatment with @entity4687 is associated with a lower mortality in @entity1 with @entity1555 with normal LV ejection fraction at study entry.

title: @entity4687 preventive treatment on mortality in XXXX : 10 years' follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked disorder']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: @entity1 (n = 47) presenting to a @entity16 (CFS) were studied prospectively. Controls were @entity1 with peripheral fatiguing @entity4094 and inpatients with @entity308 in a @entity146 hospital. Seventy-two percent of the CFS @entity1 were cases of @entity146 , using criteria that excluded @entity1295 as a symptom, compared with 36% of the neuromuscular group. There was no difference in subjective complaints of physical @entity1295 between all groups. Mental @entity1295 and @entity346 was equally common in CFS and affective @entity1 , but only occurred in those neuromuscular @entity1 who were also cases of @entity146 . Overall, the CFS @entity1 more closely resembled the affective than the neuromuscular @entity1 . Attribution of symptoms to physical rather than psychological causes was the principal difference between matched CFS and @entity146 controls. The symptoms of "postviral" @entity1295 had little ability to discriminate between CFS and @entity1316 . The @entity1295 in CFS appeared central in origin, suggesting it is not primarily a @entity4094 . The implications for research and treatment of chronic @entity1295 are discussed.

title: @entity1295 : a XXXX and @entity1316 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases', 'neuromuscular illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological centre with unexplained chronic "postviral" fatigue']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['fatigability']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['comparison of chronic "postviral" fatigue with neuromuscular']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term incidence of stent @entity715 (ST) and complications after @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES) implantation is still a matter of debate. METHOD: We conducted a systematic follow-up on the day of their 5-year SES implantation anniversary, in a series of consecutive real-world @entity1 treated with a SES. The use of SES implantation was not restricted to "on-label" indications, and target lesions included in-stent restenosis, vein graft, left main stem locations, bifurcations, and long lesions. The Academic Research Consortium criteria were used for ST classification. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty consecutive @entity1 were treated with SES between April and December 2002 in 3 Swiss hospitals. Mean age was 63 +/- 6 years, 78% were @entity1 , 20% presented with @entity1187 , and 19% were @entity1 with @entity6 . Five-year follow-up was obtained in 98% of eligible @entity1 . Stent @entity715 had occurred in 12 @entity1 (3.6%) [definite 6 (1.8%), probable 1 (0.3%) and possible 5 (1.5%)]. Eighty-one percent of the population was free of complications. Major adverse @entity299 occurred in 74 (21%) @entity1 and were as follows: @entity204 3%, noncardiac death 4%, @entity583 2%, @entity75 revascularization 8%, non- @entity75 revascularization target vessel revascularization 3%, coronary artery bypass graft 2%. Non-TVR was performed in 8%. CONCLUSION: Our data confirm the good long-term outcome of @entity1 treated with SES. The incidence of complications and sub acute @entity715 at 5 years in routine clinical practice reproduces the results of prospective randomized trials.

title: Incidence of stent XXXX and adverse @entity299 5 years after @entity3446 stent implantation in clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Complications of internal @entity1416 were studied in 21 @entity1 . The 9 male and 12 female @entity1 were 12-70 years old (average 39). This procedure was carried out for control of @entity548 due to @entity174 . Embolization was performed using gelfoam cubes (1-2 mm) for main internal iliac artery or its branches subselectively. In the earlier series, steel coils were placed in the internal iliac artery routinely after gelfoam embolization. In the group of 9 @entity1 , 4 male had @entity323 and 5 had no change in sexual function. As a possible post embolization @entity16 , 4 @entity1 had @entity132 and 8 @entity1 had gait disturbance. Three @entity1 had @entity3833 and one of them had also difficulty in defecation. All these complications following internal @entity1416 are suspected to be due to associated injuries and varied effect of traumatic @entity174 than a result of the @entity432 . Percutaneous transcatheter therapeutic embolization is a safe and effective procedure of choice for controlling massive @entity548 associated with @entity174 .

title: [Complications following transcatheter @entity1416 for @entity548 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pelvic fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Homeopathy is considered as an emerging area of alternative medicine which could be established for the global health care. One of the greatest objections to this science lies in its inability to explain the mechanism of action of the micro doses based on scientific experiments and proofs. The present study has been undertaken to screen in vivo antimalarial activity of Malaria Co Nosode 30 and Nosode 200 against @entity2637 infection in BALB/c @entity19 . METHODS: Peter's 4-day test was used to evaluate the in vivo schizontocidal effect of Nosode 30 and Nosode 200. One month follow-up study was done to calculate the @entity1349 of @entity19 in each group. Biochemical analysis was carried out to assess the liver and kidney function tests using diagnostic kits. RESULTS: Nosode 30 and 200 exhibited 87.02 and 37.97% chemosuppression on Day 7 and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of 18.5    2.16 and 16.5    1.37 days respectively, which were extremely statistically significant when compared to @entity1349 of infected control (8.55    0.83 days). The safety of Nosode 30 was also confirmed by the comparable levels of @entity13372 , SGOT, SGPT activities, concentration of @entity648 , @entity1133 and @entity1011 to CQ treated group. CONCLUSION: Nosode 30 possesses considerable in vivo antiplasmodial activity against @entity2637 infection as compared to Nosode 200 as evident from the chemosuppression obtained using Peter's 4-day test. Further, studies on the drug can be carried out to establish its antimalarial potential in monotherapy or in combination with other homeopathic drug formulations.

title: Antimalarial potential of Nosode 30 and 200 against XXXX infection in BALB/c @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['mean survival time', 'MST']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei', 'P. berghei']

answer: @entity2637 :: (5821,Species) :: ['Plasmodium berghei']


abstract: The clinical and pathologic features of 26 primary @entity358 were analyzed. Fourteen @entity1 were male and 12 were female; ranging in age from 18 to 75 years (mean, 48 yr). The @entity5 measured from 0.9 cm in greatest diameter to filling the entire hemithorax. Thirteen @entity5 were in the left lung and nine in the right lung; one was bilateral, two were in the pulmonary artery, and the location of one @entity5 was not available. The histologic diagnoses were @entity1418 (7), @entity1352 (6), @entity808 (3), @entity1822 (3), @entity5426 (2), @entity242 (2), @entity1492 (2), and one case of @entity13904 . Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination supported these diagnoses. Morphologically, the differential diagnosis often included @entity189 or @entity3620 @entity1 were treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these. Follow-up was available for 22 @entity1 and ranged from 2 to 183 months (mean, 45 mo). Fourteen @entity1 are free of disease, four died of disease, three are alive with disease, and one died of surgical complications. A variety of @entity242 , especially @entity1418 and @entity1352 , arise within the @entity358 . These @entity5 have the potential to behave aggressively but can be cured by resection, with or without adjuvant therapy. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy can be helpful in distinguishing primary @entity358 from other @entity5 in the differential diagnosis.

title: Primary XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral-nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'intimal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcomas', 'pulmonary parenchyma', 'pulmonary sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity13904 :: ('MESH:D018323', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioid hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoma']


abstract: The effect of chronic intrascalar electrical stimulation on the @entity4494 cell survival of the @entity2167 deafened @entity840 was investigated. Immediately after @entity2167 drug administration, unilateral sinusoidal (1 kHz) charge-balanced electrical stimulation on a 50% duty cycle was administered for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, at intensities from 0 (control) to 400 microAmp via an implanted scala tympani electrode. The relationship of electrically evoked middle latency response (EMLR) to stimulation protocol and cell survival was studied. At 9 weeks post-drug treatment, the animals were killed and temporal bones were prepared for morphometric analysis of @entity4494 cell density. The subjects showed essentially complete elimination of outer hair sensory cells, with minimal remaining inner hair cells confined to apical turns. Variable loss of @entity4494 cell populations was observed, which related to electrical stimulation. In animals that received daily unilaterally electrical stimulation, statistically significant increases in survival of @entity4494 cells were observed in the stimulated ear, compared to the nonstimulated ear-particularly in basal cochlear regions near the electrode. @entity4494 cell density was a function of stimulation current intensity level. Moreover, the slope of the amplitude input/output (I/O) function of the EMLR was found to be dependent on stimulating current level. The effect of stimulation on induced survival may be dependent on a number of mechanisms, including metabolic effects of direct activation of "deafferented" @entity4494 cells. These data support the suggestion that implantation may provide optimal benefits when performed shortly after @entity2319 .

title: Protective effect of electrical stimulation in the deafened XXXX cochlea.

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['Spiral ganglion', 'spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxically', 'ototoxic']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: @entity16928 RING ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases and mediate polyubiquitination of a number of cellular substrates. CRLs are activated via the covalent modification of the @entity16928 protein with the ubiquitin-like protein @entity16929 . This results in a conformational change in the @entity16928 @entity1473 terminus that facilitates the ubiquitin transfer onto the substrate. @entity20379 signalosome (CSN)-mediated @entity16928 deneddylation is essential for @entity18204 activity in vivo. However, the mechanism through which CSN promotes @entity18204 activity in vivo is currently unclear. In this paper, we provide evidence that @entity16928 deneddylation is not intrinsically coupled to substrate polyubiquitination as part of the @entity18204 activation cycle. Furthermore, inhibiting substrate-receptor autoubiquitination is unlikely to account for the major mechanism through which CSN regulates @entity18204 activity. CSN also did not affect recruitment of the substrate-receptor SPOP to @entity30566 , suggesting it may not function to facilitate the exchange of @entity30566 substrate receptors. Our results indicate that CSN binds preferentially to CRLs in the neddylation-induced, active conformation. Binding of the CSN complex to active CRLs may recruit CSN-associated proteins important for @entity18204 regulation. The deneddylating activity of CSN would subsequently promote its own dissociation to allow progression through the @entity18204 activation cycle.

title: Characterization of the role of @entity20379 signalosome in regulating XXXX E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity16928 :: (143384,Gene) :: ['cullin']


abstract: @entity64 . The type and location of apparel fasteners (e.g. buttons) are important to facilitate dressing for @entity1 with @entity1158 . This study evaluated a series of garments with different fastener types and locations using hemiplegic subjects. The experimental design was a 3 x 3 + 1 factorial complete randomized block design with a control. Fastener type and location were independent variables. Dependent variables were: (1) time required to open and close the fasteners, (2) number of fasteners opened and closed, (3) and subjective responses to a questionnaire. The subjects for this study were ten @entity64 victims with @entity1158 . Results indicated significant differences for fastener type and location. These results should aid apparel manufacturers to provide more functional apparel for @entity1 with @entity1158 due to @entity64 , as well as those responsible for selecting and/or helping to dress @entity1 with @entity1158 due to @entity64 .

title: Fastener systems on apparel for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Many stroke victims suffer hemiplegia', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['hemiplegic stroke victims']


abstract: Advances in technology and improved availability have led to increased use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate @entity1 presenting to the emergency department or to their primary care provider with @entity490 . Computed tomographic examinations are often performed to evaluate the presence of @entity698 or @entity8 . However, @entity13374 are frequently identified on these examinations. Although ultrasound remains the primary modality by which complaints specific to the pelvis are evaluated, in many instances, CT and MRI imaging occurs before sonographic evaluation.Historically, because of cost, radiation exposure, and relative ease of use, ultrasound examinations have preceded all other imaging modalities when evaluating @entity4134 . However, as CT and MRI technology have improved, their use in diagnosing causes of @entity2371 has become equal to that of ultrasound. In some cases, primarily because of historic comfort with sonographic evaluation, @entity13374 originally diagnosed on CT or MRI may be immediately and unnecessarily reevaluated by ultrasound. For a @entity1 in her reproductive years, the most common @entity4134 are physiological cysts, @entity46 , and cystic @entity44 . Although lesions are often asymptomatic and incidentally detected, they can present with @entity158 , and they increase the risk of @entity43 . Common causes of chronic @entity2371 in this population include @entity10401 and @entity1870 . In postmenopausal @entity1 , @entity43 , which often does not present clinically until a late stage, has to be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity4134 . If a gynecologic pathology is discovered on CT or MRI, an immediate follow-up ultrasound need not be pursued if the lesion can be characterized as benign, needing immediate surgical intervention, or a variant of normal anatomy. If, on the other hand, findings demonstrate a mass that either is uncharacteristic of a benign lesion, has an indeterminate risk for @entity5 , or demonstrates suspicious characteristics for @entity5 (such as enhancing mural nodules), further evaluation by serial ultrasound, biochemical marker, and/or CT or MRI is warranted. The purpose of this review is to present a series of commonly encountered @entity13374 with either CT or MR to make radiologists more familiar with gynecologic pathology on CT and MRI.

title: Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance features of XXXX in @entity1 presenting with acute or chronic @entity490 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian torsion']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal stone disease']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal and/or pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses', 'pelvic disorders']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity13374 :: (MESH:D005831,Disease) :: ['gynecologic abnormalities']