abstract: BACKGROUND: The clonal origin of @entity6961 has been clearly demonstrated and it is known that @entity1148 occurs as a non specific response to various inflammatory or neoplastic conditions. Only a few papers have discussed the topic of @entity66 in blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report 8 cases of @entity66 (3 polycythemia vera and 5 essential @entity1148 ) in blood donors out of a total of 44 @entity6961 diagnosed in our Department during the last 5 years on the basis of the criteria established by the Polycythemia Vera Study Group criteria. As controls we considered 61 @entity1 with @entity1148 referred to our Department in the same period of time. The estimated odds ratio was calculated according to standard methods. RESULTS: The prevalence of blood donors with @entity6961 was 18.1%, while that of donors with @entity1148 was 3.2%. The estimated odds ratio was 6.56 with a 95% confidence interval between 1.07 and 17.3. No other single factor except blood donations was frequent in the past history of these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data seem to indicate that both @entity1148 and erythrocytosis resembled primary forms in these subjects; however, none of them suffered serious @entity715 and/or hemorrhagic symptoms. Our study indicates the importance of paying due attention to the blood cell counts of blood donors.

title: @entity66 in XXXX with a history of multiple blood donations: a report of 8 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['reactive thrombocytosis', 'thrombocythemia', 'thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Three approaches have been taken to determine the molecular mechanism by which @entity134 hormones traverse the nuclear envelope on their way to the genome. The first approach involved characterization of @entity134 binding to nuclear envelope preparations. We have characterized @entity342 binding to nuclear envelopes isolated from the @entity35 ventral prostate, the @entity35 liver, and @entity342 -responsive and @entity342 -unresponsive cell lines of the Shionogi @entity19 @entity189 and glucocorticoid binding to @entity35 liver. Relatively high affinity binding sites for @entity230 have been identified on nuclear envelopes. Importantly, the number and specificity of the sites correlates with the responsiveness of the tissue to the @entity134 . In the second approach, we have undertaken to identify the @entity134 binding site directly. As the characteristics of the @entity35 ventral prostate site resembled those of the nuclear @entity342 receptor, we have begun purifying that receptor and have found fast protein liquid chromatography to be very effective. By affinity labelling studies, the @entity619 binding site on the @entity35 liver nuclear envelope has been identified as a peptide of molecular weight of approximately 90,000. The third approach we have used is to identify @entity342 -dependent peptides in nuclear envelope preparations. In both the @entity35 ventral prostate and an @entity342 -responsive cell line of the Shionogi @entity19 @entity189 , we have identified abundant @entity342 -dependent peptides. The relationship of these peptides to the binding sites identified by the first two approaches and their role in @entity134 transport is being investigated.

title: Interaction of XXXX with the nuclear envelope.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: Intra-hippocampal @entity4176 injection induces an epileptiform activity termed @entity159 . We examined the emergence of this activity with extracellular and intracellular records of responses (1) to focal @entity4176 (KA) application in slices of @entity19 hippocampus and (2) of slices from @entity19 injected with KA. The effects varied with distance from the injection site of KA. At distances less than approximately 800 microm, KA injection induced a strong increase in extracellular firing which ceased after 2-4 min. Pyramidal cells in this zone fired and depolarized to a potential at which action potentials were no longer evoked. No further activity was detected near the injection site for 3-5 h. In longitudinal slices of the CA3 region, firing induced by KA injection spread at a velocity close to 1 x 10(-)(4) mm ms(-)(1). The velocity increased to approximately 1 x 10(-)(1) mm ms(-)(1) when synaptic inhibition was blocked, suggesting that inhibitory processes normally restrict the spread of firing. At distances of 1.5-2.5 mm, KA injection induced a short-term increase in firing which was maintained, and often increased and rhythmic at gamma frequencies at 2-5 h after injection. We also examined slices prepared from animals injected with KA, at a delay of 2-5 h corresponding to the expression of @entity159 . Near the injection site, Gallyas @entity575 staining revealed cellular degeneration, and no activity was recorded. Interictal-like activity was generated by ipsilateral slices distant from KA injection. Contralateral slices also generated an interictal-like activity, but no cell death was detected. @entity131 generated at distant sites may be associated with @entity159 .

title: Effects of focal injection of XXXX into the @entity19 hippocampus in vitro and ex vivo.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Hippocampal oscillations']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainic acid']


abstract: @entity228 therapy causes @entity2331 and @entity851 in @entity1 ; such changes are associated with diminished rates of bone formation and turnover. Since @entity2124 activates bone remodeling, the biochemical and skeletal responses to rhGH were evaluated in four pediatric @entity1 , aged 12.8 +/- 3 years, with long-term corticosteroid use (5 +/- 2 years). Recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH), 0.125 mg/kg, was given 3 times/week by subcutaneous injection for 12 months. Iliac crest bone biopsies were obtained after double @entity803 labeling before and at the end of rhGH therapy; serum levels of @entity460 , @entity3151 , alkaline phosphatase, @entity461 (intact), @entity14257 , @entity3873 , osteocalcin ( @entity12502 ), and @entity442 ( @entity442 ) were measured every 3 months during the treatment period. The average dose of @entity229 was 0.24 +/- 0.05 mg/kg/day initially, and this did not change during the study. Serum @entity460 , @entity3151 , alkaline phosphatase, @entity14257 , @entity3873 , and @entity12502 were unchanged during the rhGH therapy, but the serum @entity442 level increased by 71%, p < 0.01. Eroded bone perimeter and cancellous bone area did not change significantly during rhGH therapy. Bone formation rates rose from 423 +/- 475 to 781 +/- 407 microns2/mm2/day, p < 0.05, and the length of double @entity803 -labeled bone perimeter increased by 85%, p < 0.05. The bone formation rate in the @entity2124 group exceeded the values of an age-matched reference group (14.3 +/- 3 years), 780 +/- 407 microns2/mm2/day versus 411 +/- 479 microns2/mm2/day, p < 0.05.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Skeletal response to recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH) in XXXX treated with long-term corticosteroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECT: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has become a common alternative for managing @entity1276 in select @entity1 . Nevertheless, there is still controversy regarding the indications for ETV as the primary procedure, given its variable success rates. The purpose of this study is to review the authors' experience with ETV for a variety of @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 43 @entity1 underwent ETV between July 1992 and June 2003. Their medical records, operative reports, and imaging studies, when available, were retrospectively reviewed with regard to outcome, complications, and patency rate. Treatment failure was defined as the need to place a shunt within 4 weeks of performing ETV in the @entity1 . There were 20 male and 23 female @entity1 with a mean age of 9.6 years (range 8 weeks-21 years). The overall success rate was 69.8%, and the mean follow-up duration was 24.6 months. Six @entity1 underwent eight repeated ETVs at a mean interval of 25 months, with a patency rate of 62.5% after the second procedure. Only two surgeries were aborted for anatomical reasons. The highest success rates (100% in each instance) were achieved for obstructive @entity1276 resulting from @entity3308 (four @entity1 ) and @entity979 (three @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: The ETV procedure is an effective management tool for obstructive @entity1276 in @entity1 . It should be considered the primary procedure, rather than ventriculoperitoneal shunts, in carefully selected @entity1 . The success rate is dependent on the origin of the @entity1276 .

title: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for tumor-related XXXX in a pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain/tectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal tumor']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ) and intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) are potentially effective therapies in @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). In this study, eight @entity1 refractory to IVGG and to prednisone were treated with a protocol of combined @entity8450 and IVGG therapy using a single @entity8450 on each of 3 consecutive days, followed by 2 consecutive days of IVGG at 1 g per kg. Four of the eight @entity1 responded to the combined therapy with a mean peak platelet count of 132,000 per microliter (range, 74,000 to 225,000/microliter). Responses lasted approximately 2 weeks. These four @entity1 were among the five who had initially responded to IVGG before becoming refractory; none of the three @entity1 without an initial response to IVGG responded to the combined therapy. Age, duration of disease, and splenectomy status did not appear to be related to response to the combined therapy. Two @entity1 began maintenance treatment (1 @entity8450 followed by 1 g/kg IVGG on the same day), but both became unresponsive after three treatments. @entity8450 combined with IVGG may be a useful treatment for some @entity1 with refractory @entity3039 who have uncontrollable @entity548 or require major surgery. The development of resistance to IVGG effect may be mediated by an increase in the level of antiplatelet antibodies. @entity8450 , by lowering antiplatelet antibody levels, may then allow IVGG infusion to be effective again in elevating the platelet count.

title: Combined plasma exchange and intravenous gammaglobulin in the treatment of XXXX with refractory @entity3039 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['immune thrombocytopenic purpura', 'ITP']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['Plasma exchange', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of methods have been used in the treatment of symptomatic and aggressive @entity2695 , but none of them is optimal. @entity2695 treated with cement vertebroplasty or @entity1068 injection alone showed relatively good results despite their limitations. METHODS: Between February 2002 and May 2004, twelve @entity1 with @entity2695 were subjected to combined cement vertebroplasty and @entity1068 injection, five of them were @entity1 and seven @entity1 , and aged from 26 to 54 years (mean, 41 years). The following levels of the spine were involved: T9: 1, T10: 3, T12: 2, @entity55801 , @entity50985 , @entity37258 and @entity57127 . The clinical results and radiographic records of the @entity1 were assessed after 2 years and 5 months of follow-up. RESULTS: The average score of back @entity158 significantly decreased from 6.5 before operation to 1.7 one month after operation. No severe @entity532 occurred during and after operation. During the period of follow-up, symptoms were not deteriorated. At the end of follow-up, neither radiographic sign of aggressive destruction nor collapse of the involved vertebra was observed. Significant improvement in the 12 @entity1 was demonstrated on 7 of 8 SF-36 Health Scale except for mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Cement vertebroplasty combined with @entity1068 injection as a safe and effective technique is an alternative to the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2695 .

title: Cement vertebroplasty combined with XXXX injection in the treatment of @entity2695 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral hemangioma', 'Vertebral hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for developing disability. Although randomized clinical trials have demonstrated improving physical activity can reduce this risk in older adults with @entity625 , these studies did not specifically evaluate inactive adults. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of changes in physical activity with disability changes among initially inactive adults with or at high risk of @entity626 from @entity571 Initiative. METHODS: Inactive @entity1 were identified at baseline based on the US Department of Health and @entity1 Services classification (no [zero] 10-minute session of moderate-to-vigorous [MV] activity over 1 week) from objective accelerometer monitoring. Two years later, physical activity change status was classified as follows: (1) met Federal physical activity guidelines (>= 150 MV minutes/week acquired in bouts >= 10 minutes), (2) insufficiently increased activity (some but <150 MV bout minutes/week), or (3) remained inactive. Disability at baseline and 2 years was assessed by Late Life Disability Instrument limitation and frequency scores. Multiple regression evaluated the relationship of physical activity change status with baseline-to-2-year changes in disability scores adjusting for socioeconomics, health factors, and baseline disability score. RESULTS: Increased physical activity showed a graded relationship with improved disability scores in Late Life Disability Instrument limitation (P < 0.001) and frequency scores (P = 0.027). While increasing MV activity to guideline levels showed the greatest reduction, even insufficiently increased physical activity was related to @entity717 . CONCLUSIONS: Findings support advice to increase MV physical activity to reduce disability among inactive adults with or at high risk of @entity626 , even when guidelines are not met.

title: Do Inactive Older Adults Who Increase Physical Activity Experience Less Disability: Evidence From the XXXX Initiative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reduced disability']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: AIM: The main treatment for @entity409 ( @entity409 ), a major cause of @entity936 , is eyelid warming. Lack of compliance is the main reason for treatment failure. This has led to the development of eyelid-warming devices that are safe, effective and convenient. To obtain robust evidence demonstrating their efficacy, the authors conducted a 3-arm randomized clinical study. METHODS: The authors conducted a 3-month assessor-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of @entity1 from the Singapore National Eye Centre experiencing at least one of eight @entity936 'often' or 'all the time'. @entity1 who wore contact lenses, had an active @entity281 or known diagnosis of @entity1374 and @entity309 were excluded from the study. @entity409 @entity1 were randomly assigned to warm towel (n  =  25), EyeGiene(  ) (Eyedetec Medical Inc., Danville, CA, USA) (n  =  25) and Blephasteam(  ) (Spectrum Thea Pharmaceuticals LTD, Macclesfield, UK) (n  =  25) treatments. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes included the proportions of @entity1 with improved symptoms and changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), respectively. Other outcomes included tear break up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, corneal @entity941 dye staining and number of visibly occluded meibomian gland (MG) orifices. RESULTS: The study population was 53.5      11.1  years old and predominantly Chinese. For severity of symptom after 3  months of treatment, 78.3% Blephasteam(  ) @entity1 reported improvement compared to 45.5% warm towel @entity1 (p  =  0.023). The corresponding proportions for improvement in the frequency of symptoms were 82.6% and 50.0%, respectively (p  =  0.020). The proportions of improvement of symptoms in EyeGiene(  ) @entity1 were not significantly different from warm towel intervention. At 1  month of treatment, the crude odds ratio of improvement of severity of irritation for Blephasteam(  ) compared to control was 3.0 (95% CI 0.88-10.18). However, the odds ratio adjusted by age was 5.67 (1.30-24.66). The lid-warming treatments did not significantly change the TBUT, Schirmer test results or number of visibly occluded MGs in the study period. All treatment modalities did not worsen BCVA after 3  months. CONCLUSION: Blephasteam(  ) is more effective than warm towel for @entity409 treatment, with warm towel and EyeGiene(  ) being comparable effective. Older age might predict for treatment efficacy. All studied therapies were safe for visual acuity (VA) for 3  months of treatment.

title: A Randomized, Controlled Treatment Trial of Eyelid-Warming Therapies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['MGD', 'meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye', 'dry eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Meibomian Gland Dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity51 ( @entity51 ) is an indicator of @entity520 and is used as an index of shock and resuscitation for @entity130 @entity1 . @entity1068 causes an increase in lactate production and may cause @entity520 in otherwise normal @entity1 . The effects of @entity167 on @entity51 have not been investigated. This study was performed to determine the effects of @entity1068 on the utility of @entity51 for assessing shock and resuscitation among @entity130 @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of @entity130 registry, blood bank, and medical records data. METHODS: Data were collected for @entity130 @entity1 admitted to the University Medical Center Level I @entity130 service from July 1990 through August 1995 with an arterial blood gas and blood @entity167 level obtained within 1 hour of admission. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The @entity130 Score and the Revised @entity130 Score were slightly higher (p < 0.001), and the Injury Severity Score was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the presence of @entity167 . These changes were present until @entity1 reached the severe @entity51 category (< or = -10), at which point there were no significant differences across all blood @entity167 levels. In spite of these changes, there was no difference in intensive care unit or hospital length of stay in any @entity51 or blood @entity167 group. In @entity1 with a @entity51 < or = -6, there was a decreased requirement for transfusion in the presence of @entity167 (57 vs. 78%; p < 0.001, chi2), but the majority of @entity1 in both groups required blood transfusion. CONCLUSION: @entity1068 can contribute significantly to @entity520 among @entity130 @entity1 and may confound the utility of @entity51 to some degree. There was no difference in intensive care unit or overall length of stay, however, regardless of @entity1068 level, and the majority of @entity1 with a @entity51 < or = -6 still required transfusion. Even in the presence of @entity1068 , a @entity51 < or = -6 remains a powerful indicator of @entity130 , increased length of stay, and transfusion requirement.

title: Effect of @entity167 on the utility of base deficit in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Base deficit', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'major injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The goal of this study is to report four cases of @entity30148 with a literature review. @entity30148 is a @entity395 recently considered a @entity262 . Our first case shows woody induration of the buttock and trunk with features of @entity2631 . The diagnosis of @entity19272 , suspected on @entity1712 , was confirmed by histological findings of muscle biopsy. In the second and the third case, the induration affected arms and legs. Obiouvs streneous exercise was noted in the third @entity1 . Those @entity1 fullfiled the criteria of eosinopfilic @entity9156 . Visceral involvement consisted on restrictive lung function defects on the second case and @entity2845 in the third case. In the fourth case, there was a @entity2631 -like on the extremitis with extension to abdomen. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal. Histological findings confirm the diagnosis of @entity19272 . All @entity1 were treated with general @entity230 at high doses associated to @entity4444 in the second @entity1 . Once therapy ended, relapses occur in escond and third cases.

title: [ XXXX . A report of 4 cases and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity30148 :: ('MESH:C535954', 'Disease') :: ['Shulman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma', 'morphea']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity19272 :: ('MESH:C562487', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

answer: @entity30148 :: (MESH:C535954,Disease) :: ['Shulman syndrome']


abstract: Breathing vitally serves body homeostasis. The prevalence of upper @entity281 is often taken as an indicator of overall health status of a population living at a given time. In the present study we examined the unearthed remains of skulls from the XIII-XV century inhabitants searching for signs of @entity1180 . Maxillary sinuses of the skulls of 92 individuals were inspected macroscopically and, if necessary, endoscopically. Osseous changes, including the pitting and abnormal spicule formation were present in 69 cases (75.0 %). It was found that, overall, @entity281 was a major cause of @entity1180 (18.8 %). Severe bone changes were observed in the adults' skulls, but were also present in the sinus walls of @entity1 's skulls. Post-inflammatory changes were manifest as remodeling and damage to the sinus walls. The results indicate that both @entity1 and adults of the Middle Ages suffered from chronic @entity1244 . These observations confirm that the climate, environment, and lifestyle of the medieval populations contributed to the morbidity of the upper respiratory tract.

title: XXXX in @entity1 living in the medieval ages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['airway infections', 'dental infection']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['Sinusitis']


abstract: A rare side effect of @entity1214 is @entity1946 . In the literature only ten cases have been reported. We report two cases of @entity1214 which induced (eosinophilic) @entity3794 . A high fever, @entity2133 , dyspnoea and @entity1295 are the main features of the clinical picture. Peripheral blood @entity1712 and elevated total IgE content were seen in one @entity1 . Bronchoalveolar lavage in this @entity1 revealed @entity1712 . Transbronchial lung biopsies showed infiltration with eosinophilic granulocytes in both @entity1 . Airway macrophages contained brown-black pigment granules. In the acute stage an important decrease in diffusion capacity was observed. The pulmonary and systemic symptoms promptly cleared up after discontinuation of @entity1214 . Provocation with @entity1214 was positive, because both @entity1 noticed the same symptoms within one day.

title: [ XXXX as a cause of @entity1946 ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity1946 :: ('MESH:D015472', 'Disease') :: ['acute eosinophilic pneumonia']

answer: @entity1214 :: (MESH:D008911,Chemical) :: ['Minocycline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels obtained shortly after injury may not detect occult @entity548 in @entity130 @entity1 because of the time needed for plasma levels to equilibrate, or may be confounded by crystalloid-related hemodilution. We hypothesized that Hgb levels measured within minutes of arrival can identify @entity130 @entity1 who are actively @entity548 . METHODS: A retrospective study of 404 consecutive @entity1 was undertaken at an urban Level I @entity130 center, which included 39 @entity1 who required emergent surgical or radiologic intervention to control @entity548 . All 404 @entity1 underwent point-of-care Hgb measurements within 30 minutes of emergency department (ED) arrival. Hgb levels were correlated with physiologic signs of @entity548 (blood pressure, heart rate, base deficit, pH, and resuscitation volume), and the need for emergent interventions to stop @entity548 . RESULTS: Early Hgb levels were significantly lower in @entity1 who required emergent interventions to stop @entity548 (mean +/- SD: 12 +/- 2 gm/dL vs. 13 +/- 2 gm/dL, p < 0.001). Lower Hgb levels were associated with increasing heart rate, decreasing blood pressure, decreasing pH, worsening base deficit, and increasing transfusion requirements. Hgb < or =10 gm/dL was associated with a greater than three-fold increase in the need for emergent interventions to stop @entity548 (odds ratio 3.14, 95% confidence interval 1.18-8.35, p < 0.03), and correctly identified the need for intervention in 87% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity548 in @entity130 @entity1 is associated with an early decrease in Hgb level. Hgb < or =10 gm/dL in the first 30 minutes of @entity1 arrival will correctly identify presence or absence of significant @entity548 in almost 9 of 10 @entity130 @entity1 .

title: Hemoglobin drops within minutes of injuries and predicts need for an intervention to stop XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity295 continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 who have sustained severe @entity130 . Recently, much interest has been focused on the role of the peripheral blood neutrophil (PMN) in infections in these @entity1 . Two surface receptors, @entity9536 ( @entity9637 ) and @entity4071 ( @entity4071 ), are thought to participate in bacterial phagocytosis and are both present on greater than 85% of normal PMNs. We have previously shown that cells that lack both of these receptors have markedly reduced phagocytic function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of severe @entity130 on the expression of these PMN receptors. Twenty severe @entity130 @entity1 , age 19-70 years, presenting with an initial APACHE II score of greater than or equal to 10 were arbitrarily divided into two groups to define severity of injury: Group A, initial APACHE II of 10-18 (n = 11) and Group B, initial APACHE II of 19-25 (n = 9). Blood was obtained on admission, on Day 3, and weekly thereafter. PMNs were stained with @entity5610 -labeled monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity9536 and @entity4071 and then analyzed by flow cytometry. Controls consisted of 14 normal adults, age 20-65 years. The percentage and absolute numbers of @entity9536 +/ @entity4071 + PMNs were determined for each @entity1 or control sample. ANOVA and multiple comparison of variables (P = 0.05) were performed for each week. Values for Group A were different from controls at Weeks 0, 1, and 3. Values for Group B were significantly lower than those of controls at all weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reduced expression of neutrophil @entity9536 and XXXX after severe @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Overwhelming sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5610 :: ('CHEBI:51217', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorochrome']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'traumatic injury']

answer: @entity4071 :: (2214,Gene) :: ['CD16']


abstract: @entity5626 have become the agents of choice for early and specific antifungal treatment in @entity3124 @entity1 . In vitro studies and clinical case reports revealed a possible impact of @entity5637 treatment on cardiac function. The aim of our study was to evaluate @entity5637 -induced @entity712 . Using an in vivo @entity35 model, we assessed hemodynamic parameters and time to hemodynamic failure after central venous application (vena jugularis interna) of @entity25928 (low-dose group, 2.5 mg/kg body weight [BW]; high-dose group, 25 mg/kg BW), @entity11794 (low-dose group, 0.875 mg/kg BW; high-dose group, 8.75 mg/kg BW), @entity1331 (low-dose group, 3 mg/kg BW; high-dose group, 30 mg/kg BW), and placebo (0.9% @entity2827 ). Left ventricular heart tissue was collected to determine mitochondrial enzyme activity via spectrophotometric measurements. mRNA expression of transcriptional regulators and primary mitochondrial transcripts, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, and @entity1792 synthase activity were also explored. Animals receiving high-dose @entity25928 or @entity11794 showed an immediate decrease in hemodynamic function. All of the subjects in these groups died during the observation period. Every animal in the untreated control group survived (P < 0.001). Hemodynamic failure was not noticed in the @entity25928 and @entity11794 low-dose groups. @entity1331 had no impact on cardiac function. In analyzing mitochondrial enzyme activity and mitochondrial transcripts, we found no association between @entity5637 administration and the risk for hemodynamic failure. Further experimental studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in @entity1370 @entity5637 effects. In addition, randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to explore the clinical impact of @entity5637 treatment in @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: Cardiac effects of @entity5626 after central venous administration in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin', 'Micafungin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity25928 :: ('MESH:C102786', 'Chemical') :: ['anidulafungin']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['Echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: In a retrospective review, we included @entity3620 @entity1 treated with P/D and adjuvant RT at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1974 to 2003. When indicated, @entity1 received intraoperative brachytherapy to @entity41 . RESULTS: All 123 @entity1 received external beam RT (median dose, 42.5 Gy; range, 7.2-67.8 Gy) to the ipsilateral hemithorax postoperatively. Fifty-four @entity1 underwent brachytherapy (matched peripheral dose, 160 Gy). The median and 2-year overall survival for all @entity1 was 13.5 months (range, 1-199 months) and 23%, respectively. One-year actuarial local control for all @entity1 was 42%. Multivariate analysis for overall survival revealed radiation dose <40 Gy (p = 0.001), nonepithelioid histology (p = 0.002), left-sided disease (p = 0.01), and the use of an implant (p = 0.02) to be unfavorable. Two @entity1 (1.6%) died from Grade 5 @entity137 within 1 month of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Pleurectomy/decortication with adjuvant radiotherapy is not an effective treatment option for @entity1 with @entity3620 . Our results imply that @entity66 cannot be eradicated with external RT with or without brachytherapy and that a more extensive surgery followed by external RT might be required to improve local control and overall survival.

title: Hemithoracic radiation therapy after pleurectomy/decortication for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: To determine the effect of @entity1069 on serum @entity1486 in the diagnosis of @entity263 in Middle Eastern @entity1 , H_E-stained sections of all consecutive prostate specimens were reviewed for diagnosis (malignant or benign) and pattern of @entity32 . @entity32 was categorized into acute, active chronic and chronic inactive and graded semi-quantitatively according to previously published criteria. Results were correlated with serum PSA obtained from @entity1 ' records. Of 513 prostate specimens reviewed; 435 (84.8%) were benign and 78 (15.2%) were malignant. Chronic inactive @entity1069 was present in 259 (204 benign, 55 malignant) and active @entity1069 in 221 (204 benign, 17 malignant). Acute @entity1069 alone was not observed and @entity1069 was absent in 33 (27 benign, 6 malignant). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of inactive @entity1069 between benign and malignant specimens (p < 0.071), but active @entity1069 was more prevalent in benign specimens (p < 0.001). Increasing serum PSA was observed for increasing grades of both inactive and active @entity1069 in both benign and @entity5 . @entity263 showed higher serum PSA levels than benign, at different cut-off points (4 ng/ml = p < 0.0001; 8 ng/ml = p < 0.0001; 12 ng/ml = p < 0.0001). However, significant numbers of @entity1 with benign prostate biopsies presented with PSA above 12 ng/ml (82/260 = 32%). We conclude that active @entity1069 is common in Middle Eastern @entity1 with @entity4623 and a significant number of these present with very high PSA levels, some over 300 ng/ml.

title: Relationship between serum XXXX and the pattern of @entity32 in both benign and malignant @entity4623 in Middle Eastern @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['chronic prostatitis', 'prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intra-operative @entity5 spill increases the risk of local recurrence of @entity3969 , and adversely impacts relapse-free ( @entity4434 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates. METHODS: Surgical checklists, operative notes, institutional pathology reports, central pathology review and flow sheets of 602 @entity1 registered between August 1986 and September 1994 on National @entity3969 Study-4 as randomized, followed or switched and coded as Final Stage II, @entity15803 ( @entity15803 ) were reviewed. @entity4434 and @entity1349 were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using the Cox model and tested for statistical significance by the log-rank test. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-nine @entity1 were found after review to have Stage II, @entity15803 @entity3969 . The 8-year @entity4434 percentages were 85.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 81.1%, 88.1%) for those with no spill compared to 75.7% (65.8%, 83.2%) for those with spill. The 8-year @entity1349 percentages were 95.6% (93.1%, 97.3%) for those with no spill compared to 90.3% (82.2%, 94.9%) for those with spill. The HR for relapse among those with spill was 1.55 ((95%CI: 0.97,2.51), P = 0.067) and the HR for @entity204 was 1.94 ((0.92,4.09), P = 0.077). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4434 and @entity1349 were lower for @entity1 who had @entity5 spill. The majority of NWTS Stage II, @entity15803 @entity1 with @entity5 spill have an overall excellent outcome when treated with two drug chemotherapy (vincristine and actinomycin D) and no abdominal irradiation.

title: Outcome of XXXX with Stage II/ @entity15803 @entity3969 with and without @entity5 spill: a report from the National @entity3969 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'favorable histology']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms Tumor', 'Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microvascular alterations are prominent features of @entity785 ( @entity785 ) and often precede the appearance of clinically detectable @entity82 . The mechanism leading to selective microvascular injury in @entity785 is not known; however, microvascular endothelial cell (EC) activation has been demonstrated in @entity785 skin and is considered to be an early event in the pathogenesis of @entity785 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was examined in adult @entity1 dermal microvascular EC (HDMVEC), @entity1 iliac vein EC (HIVEC), and @entity1 umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and Northern hybridization analysis. The effects of heparin and the endothelial cell mitogens, @entity6898 ( @entity6898 ) supplement and acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors ( @entity6898 and @entity540 ), on the expression of ECM genes by these cells were also studied. RESULTS: Abundant transcripts for collagen types I, IV, VI, and fibronectin (FN) and weak expression of the type III collagen gene were detected in HDMVEC cultures in the absence of @entity6898 and heparin. In contrast, in the presence of these factors, no mRNA for types I, III, and VI collagens and marked down-regulation (more than twofold) of mRNA levels for collagen type IV and FN were observed. These results were confirmed at the protein level by IIF staining. In contrast to HDMVEC, HIVEC and HUVEC did not show expression of genes encoding types I, III, and VI collagens under any culture conditions examined. Next we studied the separate effect of heparin and @entity6898 or @entity540 on the expression of ECM genes in HDMVEC. In contrast to the maximal expression of types I and VI collagens and FN detected in the absence of growth factors, @entity6898 decreased mRNA levels by 43% for type I collagen, by 52% for type VI collagen, and by 47% for FN. The decreases in mRNA levels caused by @entity540 were 37, 41, and 36%, respectively. Heparin alone decreased the mRNA levels for these genes by 60, 77, and 65%, respectively; however, FGF potentiated the negative effect of heparin on ECM gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that HDMVEC display a unique pattern of expression of ECM genes that is different from that displayed by EC from medium and large vessels. The data also demonstrate that heparin, @entity6898 supplement, @entity6898 , and @entity540 regulate ECM gene expression in HDMVEC in vitro and suggest that these growth factors may modulate the expression of matrix genes in vivo. Altered expression of ECM genes by HDMVEC may play an important role in diseases affecting the microvasculature, such as @entity785 .

title: Expression of extracellular matrix genes in adult XXXX dermal microvascular endothelial cells and their regulation by heparin and endothelial cell mitogens.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6898 :: ('2246', 'Gene') :: ['ECGF', 'endothelial cell growth factor', 'aFGF']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To report an analysis of the concept of @entity4238 disturbance in adults who have been treated for @entity5 as a phenomenon of interest to nurses. BACKGROUND: Although the concept of @entity4238 disturbance has been clearly defined in adolescents and adults with @entity1277 , adults who have been treated for @entity5 may also experience @entity4238 disturbance. In this context, the concept of @entity4238 disturbance has not been clearly defined. DESIGN: Concept analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Psychological Information Database and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched for publications from 1937 - 2015. Search terms included @entity4238 , @entity5 , @entity4238 disturbance, adult and concept analysis. METHODS: Walker and Avant's 8-step method of concept analysis was used. RESULTS: The defining attributes of @entity4238 disturbance in adults who have been treated for @entity5 are: (1) self-perception of a change in appearance and displeasure with the change or perceived change in appearance; (2) decline in an area of function; and (3) psychological distress regarding changes in appearance and/or function. CONCLUSIONS: This concept analysis provides a foundation for the development of multidimensional assessment tools and interventions to alleviate @entity4238 disturbance in this population. A better understanding of @entity4238 disturbance in adults treated for @entity5 will assist nurses and other clinicians in identifying this phenomenon and nurse scientists in developing instruments that accurately measure this condition, along with interventions that will promote a better quality of life for survivors.

title: Body image disturbance in adults treated for XXXX - a concept analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['body image']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: An overview is presented of the management of impaired fertility in @entity1 . Laboratory examination of semen, the primary determination of fertility status, is complicated by the lack of criteria of "normal" parameters. Most seminologists agree that fertility is compatible with a count below 20 million/ml, but the quality of motility and morphology is the critical factor. Consecutive semen analyses in the same @entity1 can also show great variation, so several specimens should be studied over a period of months. A definite cause for @entity249 can be found in less than 10% of cases. Half of those with a known cause are azoospermic due to an obstructive lesion of the conducting pathways or to total failure of spermatogenesis. Varicocele and immunolgoic aspects of @entity249 have attracted recent interest. New investigational methods have identified a substantial retrograde flow down the internal spermatic vein whenever a true varicocele is palpable. Suprainguinal ligation of the internal spermatic vein has been performed in these cases and estimates of improvement in the semen profile range from 30-80% of cases. However, many clinicians have reservations about the overall role of spermatic venous reflex in @entity4810 . When a significant titer of antibodies is noted, corticosteroids are generally administered. Despite little evident benefit, the trend toward prolonged treatment of @entity249 with pituitary hormones and stimulants continues. Increasingly, the infertile couple is being treated as a unit. Since specific measures seldom improve the semen profile, attention should be focused on improvement of opportunity for any effective sperm to achieve fertilization. There has been renewed interest in the cervical insemination cap method. About 14% of couples where the @entity1 shows seminal impairment conceived by this method, provided some of the sperm are of normal morphology. Artificial insemination with pooled stored sperm has produced disappointing results.

title: Present-day management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is an event which may be rapidly fatal without early diagnosis and treatment. Aging is one of the main risk factors that could leading to @entity697 . To date, no specific biomarkers are available to increase the speed of diagnosis. @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ), @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -9 and metallopeptidase tissue inhibitor 1 ( @entity2843 ) are biologically related molecules which integrate @entity32 , tissue injury and remodeling, all events associated to @entity697 . Our is a pilot study to evaluate whether circulating levels of these molecules may be used as potential biomarkers in timely diagnosis of @entity697 . RESULTS: Within 24  h of symptom onset, circulating @entity11603 , @entity3335 , @entity3334 and @entity2843 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 22 @entity1 (40-86  years of age) with @entity697 of ascending aorta (type A according to Stanford classification) and 11 @entity1 with @entity697 of descending aorta (type B). 30 healthy individuals age matched were used as control group compared to controls, both type A and B @entity697 @entity1 had higher @entity11603 (p   <   0.001) and @entity3335 (p   <   0.01) levels. @entity3334 was higher in the overall @entity697 group (p   <   0.01). After Stanford classification, type A group had increased level compared to both control and type B (p   <   0.01 and p   <   0.05, respectively). @entity2843 was higher in both A and B groups compared to controls (p   <   0.001). No differences were observed in @entity1476 and @entity1495 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous evaluation of @entity11603 , @entity3335 and @entity3334 and @entity2843 , which may contribute to structural changes in aortic tissue in @entity697 @entity1 , seems to be a novel promising diagnostic panel.

title: Acute phase of aortic dissection: a pilot study on @entity11603 , @entity3335 , and @entity3334 and XXXX circulating levels in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute aortic dissection', 'AAD']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['TIMP-1']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of chitosan oligonucleotides ( @entity6862 ) on @entity2479 and reperfusion (I/R) injury. @entity35 pretreated with PBS, low-dose @entity6862 (5  mg/kg), or high-dose @entity6862 (10  mg/kg) were subjected to @entity2479 by increasing their intraocular pressure to 130  mm Hg for 60  min. The protective effect of @entity6862 was evaluated by determining the electroretinograms (ERGs), morphology of the retina, and survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The oxidative damage was determined by imuunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. The expressions of inflammatory mediators (TNF-a, @entity3426 , @entity4647 , @entity1506 , @entity1590 ) and apoptotic-related proteins ( @entity10740 , @entity2310 , @entity1976 ) were quantified by PCR and Western blots. The detection of @entity14185 @entity12149 in the retina was performed by immunofluorescence. The protein levels of IkB and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPK; viz. extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases ( @entity2509 ), c-Jun N-terminal kinases ( @entity6336 ) and @entity12220 ] and the @entity14185 /DNA binding ability were assessed by Western blot analysis and EMSA. We found that pretreatment with @entity6862 , especially a high dosage, effectively ameliorated the I/R-induced reduction of the b-wave ratio in ERGs and the retinal thickness and the survival of RGCs at 24  h. @entity6862 decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators, @entity10740 and @entity2310 , increasing @entity1976 expression and thereby reducing retinal oxidative damage and the number of apoptotic cells. More importantly, @entity6862 attenuated IkB degradation and @entity12149 presence in the retina, thus decreasing @entity14185 /DNA binding activity after I/R. In addition, @entity6862 decreased the phosphorylation levels of @entity49146 but increased the phosphorylation level of @entity12220 . Pretreatment with @entity12220 inhibitor ( @entity1441 ) abolished the protective effect of @entity6862 on retinal oxidative damage, as indicated by increased retinal @entity7599 stains, and significantly increased the expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-a, @entity4647 , @entity1506 , @entity1590 ) in I/R-injured @entity35 . In conclusion, @entity6862 prevented @entity5721 through its inhibition of oxidative stress and @entity32 . These effects were achieved by blocking the activation of @entity14185 , @entity6336 , and @entity2509 but promoting the activation of @entity12220 activation.

title: Chitosan oligosaccharides prevented @entity2479 and reperfusion injury via reduced oxidative stress and XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['retinal I/R injury']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between physical activity and @entity28 are age and sex related. METHODS: The analysis was based on data from 81,512 Canadians aged 20 to 64 years who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey conducted in 2000-01. Information collected included body mass index (BMI:<25.0 kg/m(2) (normal weight); 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2) (overweight); and 30.0+ kg/m(2) ( @entity28 )) and energy expenditure (EE) calculated based on the frequency and duration of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and its value of metabolic energy cost. RESULTS: Obese @entity1 and both @entity28 and overweight @entity1 had lower EE values compared with those with normal weight. Overweight @entity1 30 to 49 years of age were more active than @entity1 with normal weight. Average EE values decreased with age. Overall, 53.2% of @entity1 and 57.1% of @entity1 were inactive (EE<1.5 kcal/kg/day). In @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 , the corresponding prevalences were 59.7% and 71.4%, respectively. The prevalence of physical inactivity increased with increasing BMI in @entity1 and there was no "dose-effect" relationship in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Obese Canadians are less active, but overweight @entity1 tend to be more active than those with normal weight. The variation in the associations across age and sex groups suggests that intervention program development should take age and sex into consideration.

title: XXXX and leisure time physical activity among Canadians.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: The polymerase chain reaction was used to examine 114 @entity803 -resistant anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial isolates from @entity1 with @entity2520 for the tet(M) and tet(O) genes. A 740-base-pair fragment of the tet(M) gene was amplified from 84 of 114 isolates, and a 519-base-pair fragment of the tet(O) gene was amplified from 13 streptococcal isolates. Six of 7 @entity803 -resistant isolates of Veillonella spp. and @entity803 -resistant isolates of Eubacterium spp. (n = 3), Eubacterium saburreum (n = 1), @entity8210 (n = 5) and Gemella morbillorum (n = 2) all harbored the tet(M) gene. The tet(M) and tet(O) negative as well as selected positive isolates were tested for the tet(K) and tet(L) genes using DNA probes. All isolates of Staphylococcus spp. (n = 11) hybridized with the tet(K) probe. None of the isolates tested hybridized with the probe for tet(L). This is the first report of the tet(M) gene in the facultative bacterium G. morbillorum and in E. saburreum.

title: Detection of tet(M) and tet(O) using the polymerase chain reaction in bacteria isolated from XXXX with @entity2520 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8210 :: ('1338', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus intermedius']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of radiographic @entity2681 at disease onset in @entity1 with early @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is associated with clinical, serological, or genetic factors of poor outcome and whether @entity1 with @entity2681 only in the feet have a different pattern of presentation. METHODS: Sixty one @entity1 with early @entity309 (<6 months of evolution) were studied. Clinical evaluation and serological, radiological, and genetic studies were performed at disease onset and after one year. RESULTS: Forty one (67%) @entity1 showed @entity2681 in their hands or in their feet, or in both. Subjects with erosive @entity309 had a higher number of swollen joints (SJN; 9 (SD 6) v. 6 (3), p=0.008), and rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity was more common (80% v. 50%, p<0.02) than those without @entity2681 . Seven (17%) of the 41 @entity1 in the group with @entity2681 had @entity2681 only in their feet. This group had a longer duration of morning stiffness (120 (60) v. 72 (52) min, p<0.005), better @entity1 's global assessment of general health (34 (22) v. 57 (25), p< 0.05), and lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (32 (22) v. 60 (30) mm/1st h, p <0.05) than the rest of the subjects with @entity2681 , and none of them was in remission after one year. Remission after one year was related to a lack of cortical damage at onset and RF negativity. CONCLUSIONS: Radiological damage at disease onset is associated with a worse clinical presentation and RF positivity, which are markers of poor outcome. There is a subgroup of @entity1 , with @entity2681 only in their feet, whose clinical presentation is less aggressive. To identify these cases of early erosive @entity309 , radiographs of the feet should be obtained routinely.

title: Factors related to radiological damage in 61 Spaniards with early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The increasing prevalence of @entity28 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. The gut microbiota has been put forward as a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced @entity2175 . Importantly, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a cranberry extract (CE) on high fat/high @entity969 (HFHS)-fed @entity19 and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. DESIGN: C57BL/6J @entity19 were fed either a chow or a HFHS diet. HFHS-fed @entity19 were gavaged daily either with vehicle (water) or CE (200   mg/kg) for 8   weeks. The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analysing 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing. RESULTS: CE treatment was found to reduce HFHS-induced @entity1144 . CE treatment also decreased liver weight and @entity412 accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and @entity32 . CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased @entity413 -induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral @entity413 tolerance test. CE treatment was found to lower intestinal @entity412 content and to alleviate intestinal @entity32 and oxidative stress. Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples. CONCLUSIONS: CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the @entity209 , which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. population.

title: A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced XXXX , insulin resistance and intestinal @entity32 in association with increased Akkermansia spp. population in the gut microbiota of @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain and visceral obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The meniscus plays a key role in the functioning of the knee. At the present time, meniscal repair has becomes the main treatment for @entity937 . Compared to open surgery, arthroscopic meniscal repair has become popular because of shorter time need for the operation, the smaller wound, and better accessibility to the tear portion, which is particularly difficult during open surgery. Three arthroscopic techniques are widely used, namely inside-out, outside-in, and all-inside. Arthroscopy all inside meniscal repair has the lowest @entity531 rate. METHODS: This study prospectively evaluated 31 consecutively treated @entity1 to determine the effectiveness/safety of arthroscopic meniscal repair using the FasTFix repair system. The inclusion criteria for this study were: vertical fullthickness tear> 10 mm in length; location of the @entity937 < 6 mm from the meniscocapsular junction; repair of the meniscus solely with the FasTFix system; no former meniscus surgery; and no evidence of @entity625 during arthroscopy. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees were reconstructed using a hamstring autograft at the time of the meniscal repair. Follow-up examinations consisted of Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity score and radiographic evaluation. RESULTS: After an average of 3 years follow-up, no symptoms of @entity937 were found in 30/31 of the cases. For @entity1 with isolated meniscal repair or concurrent ACL reconstruction, the Lysholm and Tegner activity scores had significantly improved postoperatively. No neurovascular or other major complications were directly associated with the use of the device. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic all-inside repair using the FasT- @entity4682 device appears to be a safe and effective procedure.

title: Clinical results of all-inside meniscal repair using the FasT- XXXX meniscal repair system.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears', 'meniscal tear']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular injury']

answer: @entity4682 :: (2158,Gene) :: ['Fix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) is associated with a poor prognosis and poses a significant burden to the healthcare system, but few studies have evaluated whether @entity1167 incidence and survival have changed over time. METHODS AND RESULTS: A population-based cohort study was conducted, including 34   291 @entity1167 @entity1 >20 years of age who were transported alive to the emergency department of an acute-care hospital from April 1, 2002, to March 31, 2012, in Ontario, Canada. @entity1 with life-threatening @entity130 and those who died before hospital arrival were excluded. The overall age- and sex-standardized incidence of @entity1167 @entity1 who were transported alive was 36 cases per 100   000 @entity1 and did not significantly change over the study period. Cardiac risk factor prevalence increased significantly, whereas the rate of most @entity65 decreased significantly. The 30-day survival improved from 9.4% in 2002 to 13.6% in 2011; 1-year survival improved from 7.7% to 11.8% (P<0.001). @entity1 hospitalized in 2011 were significantly more likely to survive 30 days (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.22-1.77]) and 1 year (adjusted odds ratio, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.27-1.91]) compared with 2002. A significant interaction between temporal trends in survival improvement and age group was observed in which the improvement in survival was largest in the youngest age groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1167 @entity1 who were transported alive are increasingly likely to have cardiovascular risk factors but less likely to have previous @entity65 . The overall incidence of @entity1167 @entity1 transported to hospital alive did not change over the past decade. Short- and longer-term survival after @entity1167 has substantially improved, with younger @entity1 experiencing the greatest improvement.

title: Trends in Short- and Long-Term Survival Among Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest XXXX Alive at Hospital Arrival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular conditions']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest', 'OHCA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIMS: The mechanisms underlying numerous biological roles of @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) remain largely unknown. We have previously reported an inhibitory role of @entity3958 in the L-type @entity460 channels in cardiomyocytes. This prompts us to examine the mechanisms underlying the potential regulation of @entity3958 on the ion channels. RESULTS: @entity3958 showed a novel inhibitory effect on Ito @entity972 channels, and this effect was blocked by mutation at the @entity2569 320 and/or @entity2569 529 residues of the @entity26739 subunit. @entity3958 broke the @entity1520 bridge between a pair of oxidized @entity462 residues; however, it did not modify single @entity462 residues. @entity3958 extended action potential duration in epicardial myocytes and regularized fatal @entity943 in a @entity35 model of @entity583 . @entity3958 treatment significantly increased survival by    1.4-fold in the critical 2-h time window after @entity583 with a protection against ventricular premature beats and fatal @entity943 . However, @entity3958 did not change the function of other ion channels, including @entity9225 and INa. Innovation and Conclusion: @entity3958 targets the @entity2569 320/ @entity2569 529 motif in @entity26739 to regulate the Ito @entity972 channels. @entity3958 also shows a potent regularizing effect against fatal @entity943 in a @entity35 model of @entity583 . The study provides the first piece of evidence for the role of @entity3958 in regulating Ito @entity972 channels and also the specific motif in an ion channel labile for @entity3958 regulation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 129-147.

title: @entity3957 Targets the @entity2569 320/ XXXX 529 Motif in @entity26739 to Inhibit the Ito @entity972 Channels in Cardiomyocytes and Regularizes Fatal @entity943 in @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity2569 :: (CHEBI:17561,Chemical) :: ['Cys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for @entity1 (MASC) is a widely used self-report questionnaire for the assessment of @entity148 in @entity1 and adolescents with well documented predictive validity of the total score and subscales in internalizing and mixed clinical samples. However, no data exist on the screening efficiency in an inpatient sample of adolescents. AIM: To examine the psychometric properties and screening efficiency of the MASC in a high comorbid inpatient sample. METHOD: The current study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to investigate the predictive value of the MASC total and subscale scores for the Schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161 for School-age @entity1 -Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL), DSM-IV diagnoses of @entity148 ( @entity148 ), @entity1172 ( @entity1172 ) and @entity913 ( @entity913 ) in a highly comorbid inpatient sample of adolescents (11-18 years). RESULTS: The MASC total score predicted any @entity148 ( @entity148 ) and @entity148 moderately well. Physical symptoms predicted @entity148 moderately well. @entity148 and separation @entity148 / @entity4697 did not predict @entity913 or @entity1172 , respectively. Physical symptoms and harm avoidance also predicted the presence of major @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the utility of the MASC total score to predict the presence of any @entity148 and @entity148 . However, the utility of the social @entity148 and separation @entity148 / @entity4697 subscales showed limited utility to predict the presence of @entity1172 and @entity913 , respectively. The MASC has probably a more limited function in screening for @entity148 among a highly comorbid inpatient sample of severely affected adolescents. Our results should be interpreted in the light of a small, mixed sample of inpatient adolescents.

title: Screening efficiency of the self-report version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for XXXX in a highly comorbid inpatient sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia', 'SoP']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Affective Disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'anxiety symptoms', 'GAD', 'anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'Social anxiety', 'generalized anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['SAD', 'separation anxiety disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: While reperfusion therapy in @entity583 is associated with better short- and long-term outcomes, it paradoxically results in @entity5721 mediated by interactions between leukocytes, endothelial cells, platelets, and the myocardium. Several surface receptors, adhesion molecules, and ligands have been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity296 , and therapeutic strategies employing the use of monoclonal antibodies have been attempted against many of them. These have included monoclonal antibodies against activated complement 5 ( @entity2242 ) to inhibit leukotaxis, monoclonal antibodies against @entity8729 , @entity4619 , @entity1196 and @entity4105 to inhibit leukocyte rolling, and monoclonal antibodies against the @entity9536 ( @entity9536 / @entity1454 ) receptor and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 to block firm adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells. In addition, although initially developed as an antiplatelet agent, the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist abciximab shows significant ability to diminish or prevent @entity5721 , presumably through its ability to block the @entity9536 receptor on leukocytes. Finally, monoclonal antibodies have also been tested against several cytokines and adhesion molecules implicated in so-called subacute endothelial activation, including @entity687 and @entity4725 . Studies in animals evaluating the use of monoclonal antibodies in @entity5721 against various potential targets have largely been successful; however, studies in @entity1 have been disappointing, underscoring the pitfalls of using animal models for the study of complex diseases. Based upon current knowledge, it is becoming clear that a successful strategy against @entity5721 will require targeting several pathways at once, rather than attempting to block one final common pathway. In addition, inhibition of subacute endothelial activation through inhibition of transcription factors, namely nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, may be a prerequisite to significantly reducing the extent of @entity296 in this condition. The future of monoclonal antibodies in the overall strategy remains unclear. Newer small molecule inhibitors are also under development, and the eventual role of gene therapy remains to be elucidated.

title: Therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial reperfusion injury', 'myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity4619 :: ('6404', 'Gene') :: ['P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)-1']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial reperfusion injury']


abstract: Nocturnal @entity101 (HTA), even a relative one, consequence of the change of the circadian pattern of blood pressure, may increase the whole day blood pressure in @entity6 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: blood pressure has been measured every 15 minutes for 24 hours in 101 @entity6 @entity1 (43 insulin-dependent: type 1, 58 non insulin-dependent: type 2) by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. 39 of them are @entity101 @entity1 . Among these 101 @entity1 , 19 have a nocturnal relative HTA corresponding in a lack or a negative difference between the diurn and the nocturn systolic or diastolic pressure (Group 1). The Group 2 is constituted by the 82 other @entity1 ; 24 hour-microalbuminuria was assayed by immunoturbidimetry for two days on end. RESULTS: @entity1 of Group 1 were significantly older (p less than 0.01) than in the Group 2 (61 +/- 9 years vs 54 +/- 13 years). There was no significant change between the two Groups concerning the kind of @entity6 (type 1 or type 2), the glycosylated hemoglobin and the frequency of @entity179 . Microalbuminuria was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in Group 1 (72 +/- 104 mg/24 h) than in Group 2 (20 +/- 30 mg/24 h). Both nervous @entity712 and HTA treated were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2, respectively (14/19 vs 28/82; p less than 0.01) and (15/19 vs 24/82; p less than 0.001). The causal blood pressure measurement was similar in the two Groups, but the whole day ambulatory blood pressure monitoring revealed a significant increase of the average of systolic (Group 1: 133 +/- 14 mmHg vs Group 2: 119 +/- 12 mmHg; p less than 0.001) and diastolic (Group 1: 81 +/- 12 mmHg vs Group 2: 75 +/- 8 mmHg; p less than 0.01) blood pressure during 24 hours. COMMENTS: the causal blood pressure measurement fails to appreciate the increase of the whole day blood pressure consequent to the suppression of nocturnal @entity551 and sometimes to the occurrence of real nocturnal @entity101 . This observation is probably in relation with the nervous @entity712 and is associated with an increase of the microalbuminuria ( @entity1 with microalbuminuria greater than 30 mg/24 h--Group 1: 9/19 vs Group 2: 17/82; p less than 0.05). This situation can lead to an aggravation of @entity179 . Such results should urge practitioners to assess the circadian pattern of blood pressure in @entity6 @entity1 more accurately.

title: [Role of nocturnal XXXX in the deterioration of diabetic nephropathy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['dysautonomic cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative complications']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing mass effect following @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity1 with low-grade @entity11 (LGGs) can be mistaken for @entity5 progression and/or @entity528 . Distinguishing pseudoprogression (PP) from true progression is crucial, with vastly different treatment approaches and prognoses. PROCEDURE: @entity1 treated with @entity1161 for LGGs through the @entity1 's Hospital of Pittsburgh Neuro-Oncology Program are considered to have PP and managed conservatively if they develop increased mass effect within 3 years of @entity1161 . Pre- @entity1161 @entity5 area was compared to the maximum @entity5 size following @entity1161 and the size on the last follow-up scan by a central reviewer. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 , median age 13 years, received external beam @entity1161 for LGG between March 2000 and August 2011. Thirteen @entity1 (54.2%) developed an increase in @entity5 size compared to baseline beginning at a median of 6 months after @entity1161 and lasting for a median of 2.1 years (range 6.5 months to 5.1 years). Maximum @entity5 enlargement occurred at a median of 8 months after @entity1161 , with a range (5 months to 4.2 years). In all 13 cases, the @entity5 eventually decreased in size without additional anti- @entity5 therapy. Two @entity1 (8.3%) developed true @entity5 progression. With a median follow-up of 4.9 years (range 1.0-12.4 years), all @entity1 are alive. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudoprogression occurred in more than half of the @entity1 with LGG following @entity1161 , typically beginning within 8 months and often running a very protracted course. Late presentations can also occur. Pediatr @entity5 2014;9999:1-5.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Pseudoprogression of low-grade XXXX after radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Blood Cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['malignant degeneration']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lipman, Grant S., Nicholas C. Kanaan, Caleb Phillips, Dave Pomeranz, Patrick @entity9909 , Kristin Fontes, Becky Higbee, Carolyn Meyer, Michael Shaheen, Sean Wentworth, and Diane Walsh. Study Looking at End Expiratory Pressure for Altitude Illness Decrease ( @entity3224 ). High Alt Med Biol 00:000-000, @entity5754 ( @entity5754 ) affects 25%-70% of the tens of millions of high altitude travelers annually, with @entity519 and nocturnal desaturations as major contributing factors. This is the first double blind randomized placebo controlled trial to assess expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) for @entity5754 prevention and nocturnal @entity519 events. Healthy adult @entity1 trekking in the Khumbu region of the Himalayas were randomized to a single-use EPAP nasal strip, or a visually identical sham device (placebo) prior to first night sleeping between 4371-4530   m (14,340-14,800   ft). The primary outcome was @entity5754 incidence, measured by Lake Louise Questionnaire (LLQ), with secondary outcomes of @entity5754 severity (by LLQ) and physiologic sleep indices measured by continuous sleep monitor. Intent-to-treat analysis included 219 @entity1 with comparable demographic characteristics, of which 115 received EPAP and 104 placebo. There was no decrease in @entity5754 with EPAP intervention (14% EPAP vs. 17% placebo; p=0.65; risk difference (-)3.15%, 95% CI (-)12.85%-6.56%). While overall @entity5754 severity was not different between groups, EPAP reported decreased incidence of @entity10 (64% vs. 76%; p<0.05, OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.95) and @entity1296 (81% vs. 98%; p<0.03, OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.78). During sleep, EPAP resulted in significant improvements in average peripheral oxygenation (Spo2) (80% versus 78%; p<0.01, mean difference=2, 95% CI 0.58-3.63) and a reduced percentage of time below 80% Spo2 (31% vs. 46%; p<0.03, median difference=16, 95% CI 2.22-28.18). This lightweight and inexpensive EPAP device did not prevent @entity5754 , but did reduce the subgroup incidence of @entity10 and @entity1296 while improving average nighttime peripheral oxygenation.

title: Study Looking at End Expiratory Pressure for Altitude Illness Decrease (SLEEP- XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity5754 :: ('MESH:D000532', 'Disease') :: ['2015.-Acute mountain sickness', 'acute mountain sickness', 'AMS']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['AID']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To validate DCE MRI method of placental perfusion estimation and to demonstrate application of the method in a @entity95 model of fetal antenatal @entity519 - @entity63 . METHODS: Placental perfusion was estimated by dynamic contrast imaging with bolus injection of @entity7241 in 3 Tesla GE magnet in a @entity95 model of placental @entity63 -reperfusion in @entity95 dams at embryonic day 25 gestation age. Placental perfusion was measured using steepest slope method on DCE MRI before and after intermittent 40 min uterine @entity63 . Antioxidants (n   =   2 dams, 9 placentas imaged) or vehicle (n   =   5 dams, 23 placenta imaged) were given systemically in a separate group of dams during reperfusion-reoxygenation. Placental perfusion was also measured in two dams from the antioxidant group (10 placentas) and two dams from the control group (12 placentas) by fluorescent microspheres method. RESULTS: While placental perfusion estimates between fluorescent microspheres and DCE MRI were significantly correlated (R(2)    =   0.85; P   <   0.01), there was approximately 33% systematic underestimation by the latter technique. DCE MRI showed a significant decrease in maternal placental perfusion in reperfusion-reoxygenation phase in the saline, 0.44        0.06 mL/min/g (P   =   0.012, t-test), but not in the antioxidant group, 0.62        0.06 mL/min/g, relative to pre-occlusion values (0.77        0.07 and 0.84        0.12 mL/min/g, correspondingly). CONCLUSION: Underestimation of true perfusion in placenta by steepest slope DCE MRI is significant and the error appears to be systematic. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Placental perfusion in uterine XXXX model as evaluated by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of smoking on airway inflammation through the expressions of @entity519 -inducible factor-1a ( @entity1965 ) and @entity30653 ( @entity30653 ) in @entity748 @entity19 . METHODS: @entity565 total of 30 female SPF BALB/c @entity19 were divided randomly into 3 groups of control (C), @entity565 ( @entity565 ) and smoking @entity565 (S). The latter two groups were sensitized and challenged with @entity10328 (OVA) for @entity748 modeling. The @entity19 of group S were placed into a self-made fumigating box for passive smoking. While group S was sensitized and challenged with normal saline instead of OVA. The pathological changes of different groups were observed. The different cell counts of @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) were analyzed. The expressions of @entity1965 and @entity30653 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The level of @entity3806 in @entity5173 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And the levels of @entity1965 and @entity30653 in lung homogenate were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: The ratios of eosinophil (EOS) to total cell numbers of @entity5173 in groups @entity565 and S were significantly higher than that in group C ((8.90    1.60)%, (7.52    0.63)% vs (0.60    0.10)%, both P < 0.01), while the ratio of neutrophile (NEU) in group S was higher than that in group @entity565 ((18.24    5.19)% vs (8.46    1.58)%, P < 0.01). Western blot showed that @entity1965 expressions in lung homogenate of groups @entity565 and S were significantly elevated than that in groups C (0.144    0.008, 0.238    0.015 vs 0.081    0.005, both P < 0.01). While the @entity1965 level of group S was higher than that of group @entity565 (P < 0.01). And the expressions of @entity30653 in groups @entity565 and S significantly decreased than that in group C (0.287    0.008, 0.164    0.015 vs 0.452    0.041, both P < 0.01). While the @entity30653 level of group S was lower than that of group @entity565 (P < 0.01). The @entity5173 level of @entity3806 in group S was higher than those in groups @entity565 and C ((42.07    4.54) vs (21.66    2.78), (14.33    3.73) pg/ml, both P < 0.01). There were significantly negative correlations between the expressions of @entity1965 and @entity30653 (r = -0.950, P < 0.01) in lung as well as @entity30653 in lung and @entity3806 (r = -0.855, P < 0.01) in @entity5173 . CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking aggravates the airway inflammation through a down-regulated expression of @entity30653 by activating @entity1965 .

title: [Effects of smoking on expressions of XXXX and @entity30653 in @entity748 @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoalveolar fluid', 'BALF']

answer: @entity1965 :: (15251(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['HIF-1a']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate predictive factors of surgical management of subperiosteal @entity2694 in @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective monocentric study was conducted between 2000 and 2011 with @entity1 hospitalized for @entity4550 ( @entity4550 ). Clinical, biological and radiological data as well as medical and surgical management were collected and analyzed. All @entity1 received intravenous antibiotics and underwent a CT-scan. Orbit and subperiosteal intraorbital abscess dimensions were measured on axial and coronal planes and the abscess volume was calculated using a spheroid model. RESULTS: Eighty-three @entity1 with @entity4550 (mean age: 4.5 years) were included, 53 were @entity1 (63.9%). Thirty-two @entity1 (38.6%) presented with a subperiosteal @entity2694 . Mean abscess volume was 570mm(3) and mean exophthalmos was 4.7mm. Twenty @entity1 were treated surgically, 11 of which by an endoscopic approach. A positive correlation was observed between the volume of the abscess or exophthalmos and surgical drainage: 57.9% of @entity1 underwent surgery when exophthalmos was >4mm, 29.4% between 2 and 4mm, and none when <2mm. All @entity1 with an abscess volume >500mm(3) or >5% of orbital volume were operated on whereas only 30% or 39% of @entity1 , respectively, in case of smaller volumes (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Surgery for subperiosteal @entity2694 is usually performed in case of @entity227 or unfavorable medical outcome. The importance of the exophthalmos and the volume of the abscess measured on the CT-scan are predictive factors of surgery in @entity1 with subperiosteal @entity227 .

title: Subperiosteal XXXX : volumetric criteria for surgical drainage.

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital abscess']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['orbital abscess without visual complications', 'visual complications']

entities_list: @entity4550 :: ('MESH:D054517', 'Disease') :: ['APOC', 'acute pediatric orbital cellulitis']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['orbital abscess']


abstract: This is an investigation of 54 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 with a median age of 19 years (range 18-22 years). The study group contained 12 @entity1 and five @entity1 with @entity565 and 23 @entity1 and seven @entity1 with @entity2023 . Sensitivity to pollen and furred animals were reported by 22 @entity1 and eight @entity1 and by 17 @entity1 and six @entity1 , respectively. The levels of serum immune proteins (IgA, IgE and IgG with subclasses, and IgM) were determined by immunological techniques. As a biomarker of chromosomal damages, the lymphocyte micronuclei was used. We analyzed the frequencies of micronuclei in 3000 B-lymphocytes and in equal numbers of T4- and T8-lymphocytes. The lymphocytes were separated by magnetic attraction in T4 ( @entity404 ), T8 ( @entity405 ) and B ( @entity1075 ) fractions using Dynabeads(R). The most interesting finding of this investigation was that the three markers of @entity66 , @entity565 , @entity56 to pollen and IgE levels, associated significantly with increased frequencies of micronuclei in B-lymphocytes. There was also a relation between IgA and the frequency of micronuclei in B-cells. In an epidemiological study of 7000 individuals with @entity56 , we have found an over-risk for @entity706 in the group with positive skin prick test. Hypothetically, we think that there may be a link between our present finding of an increased mutagenic activity and the @entity706 over-risk among individuals with @entity56 since @entity706 stem from B-lymphocytes.

title: Micronuclei in lymphocyte subsets in relation to immune proteins and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma', 'most lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic disease', 'hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic disease']


abstract: From July 1972 until September 1985, 28 @entity1 with a mean age of 36 years who had advanced @entity625 of the patella were treated with a resurfacing arthroplasty using the @entity58837 prosthesis. The opposing articular surface of the femur appeared normal in 19 @entity1 . The 28 @entity1 had had a total of 50 previous operations on the patella (average, 1.8 operations per @entity1 ). These included 15 arthroscopic or open debridements, 14 lateral releases, six Maquet tibial tubercle elevations, six open patellar ligament transpositions, and seven open procedures for @entity174 . Every case was observed postoperatively from a minimum of four years to a maximum of 16 years (mean, 8.1 years). Results were evaluated according to a patellar rating scale at five and eight years postoperatively. Seventeen of 24 were rated good or excellent at five years. Of the three poor results at five years, two were attributed to tricompartmental @entity571 and were revised to total knee arthroplasties. There were no significant complications in the series. No @entity1 had postoperative patellar instability or prosthetic loosening. Prolonged physical therapy rehabilitation (mean, 4.6 months) was necessary for @entity1 to regain maximal ranges of motion, muscle strength, and endurance.

title: Long-term results for the XXXX patellar resurfacing prosthesis used as a salvage procedure for severe chondromalacia patellae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['reduction and fixation of patellar fractures']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

answer: @entity58837 :: (MESH:C536716,Disease) :: ['McKeever']


abstract: Several clonal sublines of HCT-116 @entity1 @entity694 cells were isolated and characterized on the basis of their growth characteristics, intrinsic enterocyte-like differentiation (as assessed by alkaline phosphatase and @entity290 activities), and responses to @entity4876 , an inducer of @entity694 cell maturation. The HCT-116 sublines were found to be heterogeneous and several phenotypically distinct clones were identified. Further characterization of these clones indicated that the effects of @entity4876 on cell growth, alkaline phosphatase activity, and @entity290 activity were distinct and separable. The growth of all of the clones were inhibited by @entity4876 (IC50 values varied from 0.44 to 1.5 mM), but the effects of this agent on alkaline phosphatase and @entity290 activities varied widely. In several sublines @entity4876 had no effect on either enzyme while in others one or both activities were induced. Additionally, the binding of 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) to cell surface receptors was found to be proportional to the expression of @entity290 activity in the cell. The D3 clone and other sublines with intrinsic @entity290 activities greater than 100 nmol/mg/min expressed a class of high-affinity EGF receptors (e.g., D3 cells had 3.48 X 10(4) EGF receptors/cell with a kd of 0.61 nM). Other clones with less @entity290 activity had undetectable levels of 125I-EGF binding. In clones which exhibited greater than twofold increases in @entity290 activity in response to @entity4876 , the expression of a large number of low-affinity EGF receptors was also induced. In one such clone, the P1 subline, @entity290 activity was increased from 70 nmol/mg/min to 230 nmol/mg/min after 96 h in 2 mM @entity4876 , and the expression of EGF receptors was increased from undetectable levels to 1.18 X 10(5) EGF receptors/cell (kd of 3.2 nM). Northern blot analysis indicated that the increased 125I-EGF binding after @entity4876 treatment may have been due, in part, to a greater than twofold accumulation of @entity470 mRNA. In addition, the expression of the messages for @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) was examined in @entity4876 -treated cells. While @entity7790 mRNA levels were found to correlate with @entity470 message levels in the HCT-116 clones, @entity2533 mRNA expression was not found to correlate with the @entity4876 -induced growth inhibition or with increases in @entity470 expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, or @entity290 activity in these cells.

title: Increased cell surface @entity470 expression during the XXXX -induced differentiation of @entity1 HCT-116 @entity694 cell clones.

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta', 'TGF-beta']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor', 'colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4876 :: (MESH:D002087,Chemical) :: ['butyrate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the prevalence and sources of @entity458 against nurses in @entity233 , its consequences, and factors affecting harassment experiences. DESIGN: Descriptive survey. @entity1 (N=622) were selected from nurses working in eight Ministry of Health hospitals in @entity233 . METHODS: @entity1 were surveyed with a @entity458 , consisting of the sociodemographic characteristics of @entity1 , types of @entity458 , sources, feelings, ramifications, and ways to cope with @entity146 . Frequency and percentage distributions, chi-square, and logistic regression were used for data analysis. FINDINGS: The results showed 37.1% of @entity1 had been harassed sexually. Physicians were identified as the primary instigators of @entity458 . The most common reactions against harassers were anger and fear; frequently reported negative effects of @entity458 were disturbed mental health function, decline in job performance, and @entity10 . "Did nothing" was the coping method used most commonly by the nurses. About 80% of sexually harassed nurses did not report the incident of @entity458 to hospital administration. CONCLUSIONS: The lower working status and power of nurses in the workplace, poor working conditions in healthcare settings, and insufficient administrative mechanisms, including the present law and regulations against sexual harassers, were identified as important factors in the work environment in @entity233 .

title: Sexual harassment against nurses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual harassment behaviors']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual harassment', 'Sexual Harassment Questionnaire']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']