abstract: BACKGROUND: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is used to counteract learned nonuse observed following @entity64 in @entity1 and has been shown to improve function. Variations of CIMT used in animal models of @entity64 have the potential to inform and improve our understanding of this intervention. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of studies investigating constraint in experimental @entity64 . The authors aimed to assess the quality and establish the efficacy of constraint on neurobehavior, cognitive function, @entity1188 size, and stress and mortality and to determine the optimal dose or time to administration. METHODS: Systematic review with meta-analysis was used. Data were analyzed using DerSimonian and Laird weighted-mean-difference random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: The quality scores of the 8 articles (15 studies) included were moderate (median 5/10; interquartile range, 4.8-6.0). There was a trend for animals with constraint to have worse neurobehavioral scores (-10% worse; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -20 to 0; P = .06). @entity1188 volumes were not significantly different between groups (-3% larger with constraint; 95% CI = -15 to 9; P = .63). Cognitive function was significantly better after constraint, although this estimate was based on only 28 animals from 2 studies. Insufficient data prevented analysis of the effect of constraint on stress and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed no benefit of constraint on neurobehavioral scores, which is at odds with some @entity1 studies. Animal models may help us efficiently explore the biological basis of rehabilitation interventions; however, review of the data in this study raise uncertainty about its effectiveness in @entity1 .

title: Exploring the efficacy of constraint in animal models of XXXX : meta-analysis and systematic review of the current evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite the significant effort in developing radioprobes for @entity731 , few have low molecular weight. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL), a highly proinflammatory and proatherogenic factor that is abundant in @entity731 , plays a pivotal role in plaque destabilization, which makes OxLDL a relevant probe target. We developed a radioiodinated short peptide, AHP7, as a low molecular weight probe for specific OxLDL imaging and evaluated its utility using @entity583 -prone Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic @entity95 (WHHLMI). METHODS: [       I]AHP7 was designed and synthesized based on the sequence of @entity2574 -hemolysin, an OxLDL binding protein extracted from @entity54 . In vitro binding studies with OxLDL having varying degrees of oxidation were performed. Radioactivity accumulation in the aorta was measured 30 min post-administration in @entity95 . Autoradiography and histological studies were performed using serial aorta sections. A radioiodinated scrambled peptide ([       I]AHP scramble) was used as a negative control. RESULTS: [       I]AHP7 bound to OxLDL in proportion to the degree of oxidation (R=0.91, P<0.0001) and was inhibited by unlabeled AHP7 in a concentration-dependent manner. The aorta accumulation level and aorta/blood and aorta/muscle ratios of [       I]AHP7 in WHHLMI were 2.8-, 1.3- and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, than those in control @entity95 (P<0.001). Co-administration of AHP7 significantly reduced [       I]AHP7 radioactivity in aorta sections (P<0.0001). Regional radioactivity levels in the aorta sections showed nonuniformity but similarity to the immunohistochemical OxLDL density. CONCLUSIONS: The potential of radioiodinated AHP7 for selectively imaging OxLDL was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.

title: Radioiodinated peptide probe for selective detection of oxidized low density lipoprotein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']


abstract: This study was performed to examine the role played by the autonomic nervous system in the antiarrhythmic effects of @entity2399 ( @entity4612 ) in a @entity235 model of polymorphic @entity1165 facilitated by @entity42244 and a slower heart rate induced @entity1162 . In 6 experiments, complete @entity713 was created to control the heart rate and @entity1168 at 800- to 1500-ms cycle lengths was applied for 60 sec before and after drug-induced autonomic block. Transmural unipolar electrograms were recorded from multipolar needle electrodes, and activation-recovery intervals (ARI) were measured. Before drug-induced autonomic block, polymorphic @entity1165 developed in all 6 experiments during @entity1168 before but not after the administration of @entity4612 (0.2 ml/kg intravenous bolus). During drug-induced autonomic block, triggered premature activity decreased without significant changes in underlying dispersion of repolarization and polymorphic @entity1165 developed during @entity1168 in 1 experiment. Administration of @entity4612 during drug-induced autonomic block eliminated premature activity and polymorphic @entity1165 during @entity1168 . The distribution of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular repolarization and dispersion of transmural repolarization were analyzed before and 60 sec after @entity4612 administration during ventricular pacing at 80 bpm. @entity4612 caused a modest shortening of ARI at all sites before and after drug-induced autonomic block. Since ARI shortening was greater at the mid-myocardial sites than at other LV sites, @entity4612 decreased transmural ARI dispersion from 77 +/- 16 to 46 +/- 21 ms before drug-induced autonomic block and from 79 +/- 7 to 51 +/- 16 ms after drug-induced autonomic block. The antiarrhythmic effects of @entity4612 in this model of @entity1162 were attributable to its direct pharmacological properties and not to changes in ambient autonomic nervous activity. The blockade of sympathetic activity decreased the incidence of premature events and partially suppressed polymorphic @entity1165 in this model.

title: Role of autonomic nervous activity in the antiarrhythmic effects of @entity2399 in a @entity235 model of polymorphic XXXX associated with @entity1162 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity42244 :: ('MESH:C012746', 'Chemical') :: ['anthopleurin-A']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndrome', 'QT interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The feeling of hunger and feeding, a wake-state-dependent behavior, is regulated by specific centers within the hypothalamus. While paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and dorso- and ventromedial hypothalamus (DMH/VMH) regulate feeding, the @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) is associated both with feeding and wake/REM sleep regulation. In order to examine the effects of sleep and wakefulness on food intake and body weight, we also measured hypothalamic @entity855 concentrations, which are known to be involved in feeding behavior and sleep-wake regulation. METHODS: In @entity35 , food intake and body weight was measured during a 24-h light-dark cycle and during 6 h of @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) performed by gentle handling. Tissue samples from the PVN, ARC/DMH/VMH, and @entity2339 were collected after 6 h of @entity1949 and from time-matched diurnal controls. @entity855 was measured by @entity10051 -luciferase bioluminescence assay. RESULTS: Across the 24-h light-dark period, @entity35 consumed approximately 28.13  4.48 g of food and gained 5.22  1.65 g with a positive correlation between food intake and body weight. During @entity1949 , while food intake increased significantly +147.31  6.13%, they lost weight significantly (-93.29  13.64%) when compared to undisturbed controls. @entity1949 resulted in a significant decrease in @entity855 levels only in @entity2339 (-44.60  21.13%) with no change in PVN, ARC/DMH/VMH region when compared with undisturbed controls. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a strong overall correlation between @entity855 concentrations in the @entity2339 and individual food intake and suggest a sleep-wake dependent neuronal control of food intake and body weight.

title: Sleep, brain energy levels, and food intake: Relationship between hypothalamic XXXX concentrations, food intake, and body weight during @entity1949 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity10051 :: ('CHEBI:25078', 'Chemical') :: ['luciferin']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['LH', 'lateral hypothalamus']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although migrants form a large part of the Austrian population, information about mental health of migrants in Austria is scarce. Therefore, we compared the prevalence of @entity74 ( @entity308 and @entity148 ) and the corresponding utilization of health care services of Eastern European, western and other migrants with the non-migrant population in Austria. METHODS: We performed a telephone survey on a random sample of the general population of Austria aged 15 years and older (n=3509) between October 2010 and September 2011. @entity308 and @entity148 were measured with the @entity1 Health Questionnaire-4 and utilization of health care services in the last 4 weeks was inquired. RESULTS: 15.0% of our sample had a migration background. Female migrants from Eastern Europe, first and second generation, had a higher prevalence of @entity74 (29.7% and 33.4% respectively) than Austrian @entity1 (15.2%) (p<0.001). The prevalence in the other migrant groups did not differ significantly from the Austrian population. There was no gender difference in @entity74 in the Austrian population. After adjustment for age and @entity102 , having a @entity74 was associated with a higher utilization of health care services among migrant and Austrian @entity1 , but not among @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Because of the explorative nature of the study multiple testing correction was not performed. The reason for health care utilization was not assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health of female migrants from Eastern Europe should be studied in more detail; @entity1 could be an underserved group, both in migrants and Austrians.

title: XXXX and @entity148 among migrants in Austria: a population based study of prevalence and utilization of health care services.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dysphoric disorder', 'dysphoric disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapeutic concept of interlimb transfer provides very important information relevant to @entity1 with @entity64 because it can be applied to help these @entity1 recover movement skills disrupted following unilateral damage to the brain. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the transfer effects for both specialized training in each hemisphere and reversed training of a specialized task. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (ten @entity1 and ten @entity1 ) with @entity64 and @entity1269 participated. All @entity1 were in Brunnstrom recovery stage five or higher for arm and hand function and had Mini-Mental State Examination scores >= 25. We used a training task involving a modified static cone, modified box and block, and modified pegboard tasks. The specified-training group performed the reaching movements (based on grip, reach, and release movements) in a modified training setting in which left-handed @entity1 began from a single starting location and proceeded to one of three target locations (1S3T condition), and the right-handed @entity1 started form one of three starting locations and proceeded to a single target location (3S1T condition). The unspecified training group performed these movements starting under reverse-start and target conditions. RESULTS: As a result of the left-to-right limb transfer in the specified-training group differed significantly in duration from that in the pre-training group. Also, the biceps brachii and triceps (lateral head) muscles were significantly more active after performing the specified training than before. On the other hand, the activity of the upper trapezius muscle did not significantly differ after specified training compared with before training. CONCLUSION: Consequently, a symmetric transfer advantage was observed that depended on the characteristic resources of each hemisphere. The transfer of specified training from one arm to the other had a more positive influence on functional recovery than did unspecified training for @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity1269 .

title: Effect of specialized task training of each hemisphere on interlimb transfer in individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ) has been shown to decrease the postcardiac surgery inflammatory response and to improve respiratory function and cardiac performance in pediatric @entity1 ; however, this approach has not been well established in adults. The present study hypothesized that @entity3517 could decrease the postsurgical inflammatory response, leading to improved respiratory and cardiac function in adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to the @entity3517 or control group (n = 30 each). @entity3517 was performed for 15 minutes at the end of bypass. The following data were recorded at the beginning of anesthesia, end of bypass, end of experimental treatment, and 24 and 48 hours after surgery: alveolar-arterial @entity26 gradient, red blood cell units transfused, chest tube drainage, hemodynamic parameters, and cytokine levels ( @entity650 , @entity8729 , intercellular adhesion molecule, and soluble @entity5 necrosis factor receptor). RESULTS: The @entity3517 group displayed less chest tube drainage than the control group after 48 hours (598    123 mL vs 848.0    455 mL; P = .04) and less red blood cell transfusions (0.6    0.6 units/ @entity1 vs 1.6    1.1 units/ @entity1 ; P = .03). Hematocrit level was higher in the @entity3517 group than in the control group at the end of bypass (37.8%    1.1% vs 34.1%    1.1%; P < .05), but the levels were comparable at 48 hours. Similar values for @entity650 and @entity8729 were observed at all stages. Plasma levels of intercellular adhesion molecule were higher in the @entity3517 group than in the control group, particularly in the first sampling after experimental treatment (P = .01). Plasma levels of soluble @entity5 necrosis factor receptor were higher in the @entity3517 group than in the control group at 48 hours. Hemodynamic and @entity26 transport parameters were similar in both groups throughout the observation period. There were no differences in other clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Use of @entity3517 was associated with increased inflammatory response, reduced @entity190 , and less blood transfusions in adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

title: Use of modified ultrafiltration in adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with inflammatory modulation and less postoperative XXXX : a randomized and controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['Modified ultrafiltration', 'MUF']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity490 is frequently found in the pregnant population; however life-threatening pathology such as @entity14 does occur rarely. As such, @entity1321 are usually attributed to pregnancy-related issues. We present the case of a young @entity1 with an @entity697 caused by advanced @entity14 . PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 34-year old pregnant @entity1 was referred to our emergency department with complaints of severe upper @entity490 . Initial investigations did not show abdominal pathology and conservative treatment for obstipation was commenced. However, complaints persisted and a near blowout of the colon was diagnosed, prompting a caesarean section and diagnostic laparotomy. An obstructing @entity5 was found and a left-sided hemi-colectomy was performed. Unfortunately, skeletal, lymphatic and additional hepatogenic @entity3 were discovered during chemotherapy and treatment was discontinued. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The mainstay of abdominal complaints during pregnancy can be attributed to normal physiological alterations associated with gravidity. Nonetheless serious pathology should be considered, especially when conservative treatment fails. On this note, diagnostic imaging during pregnancy should be used promptly upon suspicion of serious abdominal pathology.

title: Advanced XXXX resulting in @entity697 during pregnancy; a case report.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstructions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the need for intestinal repeat resection for recurrence of @entity30 in @entity1 observed for more than 20 years after the first resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were gathered retrospectively from the medical records of 53 (28 F) consecutive @entity1 with @entity30 from May 1954 to December 2002. Median age at first intestinal resection was 24.5 (range 13-65) years, and median observation time thereafter was 26.5 (20.1-48.6) years. Disease location and behaviour were defined according to the Vienna classification. RESULTS: The 53 @entity1 had an average 2.7 and a median 2 intestinal resections. Out of 144 intestinal resections (77.1%) 111 were performed during the first three operations; no alterations in distribution of ileal, ileocolic and colic resections were found. From the first to the third operation there was an increase in penetrating disease from 15% to 39% (p=0.046) concomitant with a decrease in stricturing disease from 72% to 44% (p=0.048) of the @entity1 . There was also a corresponding decrease in ileocolic disease from 45% to 5% (p=0.003) and a tendency towards an increase in @entity4628 from 38% to 67%. One @entity1 died (1.8%) from rectosigmoid perforation after the third resectional operation. Six @entity1 needed reoperation (11.3%) for ileus, @entity548 , rectosigmoidal perforation and @entity490 . Thirty-four @entity1 (64.2%) needed intestinal repeat resection (median 8.3 years) during 25.3 years after the first repeat resection. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates a diminution of @entity30 activity with time, as demonstrated by no need for intestinal repeat resection more than 25 years after the first resection.

title: Long-term outcome after intestinal resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The significance of @entity551 developing during treadmill exercise testing was evaluated and correlated with the findings at cardiac catheterization in two groups of @entity1 . Twenty-five @entity1 (Group I) had a fall in systolic pressure during exercise and were compared to 50 consecutive unselected @entity1 (Group II) with a normal blood pressure response. Clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. Females comprised 48 per cent of the @entity1 in Group I and only 30 per cent in Group II. The incidence of significant @entity453 was not different when the two groups were compared as a whole, 56 per cent in Group I and 36 per cent in Group II (P = NS). When males and females were considered separately, it was noted that the incidence of @entity453 was higher in @entity551 males (77 per cent) when compared to control males (40 per cent) (p less than 0.01). Females in both groups had a lower but comparable incidence of @entity453 (25 per cent and 27 per cent, respectively). Resting hemodynamics and angiographic characteristics, such as @entity2472 , and the number and distribution of diseased coronary vessels, were similar in both groups of @entity1 . These findings suggest that @entity551 in females does not necessarily connote @entity453 . Males with @entity551 have a higher incidence of @entity453 , but the extent and distribution of their disease is no different from that of @entity1 with a normal blood pressure response to exercise.

title: The significance of XXXX developing during treadmill exercise testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contraction abnormalities']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: NBL is a spontaneous @entity1892 that originated in NIH Swiss nude @entity19 , and has been maintained as an in vitro line for 4 yr in our laboratory. It is surface IgM positive and expresses several B cell markers including Fc receptors, as well as Ly-1. Although clones of NBL will grow in serum-containing medium, this cell line enters a quiescent state in serum-free culture. However, in the presence of affinity-purified or monoclonal anti-mu reagents, NBL increases its rate of proliferation as measured by @entity1014 incorporation or in absolute cell numbers. This stimulation is specific for mu-chain, because it does not occur with anti- @entity12812 , irrelevant nonbinding antibodies, or with monoclonal anti-B cell lineage markers. Bivalent anti-mu is required, and no consistent Fc-mediated inhibition of growth has been detected. Stimulation of NBL occurs optimally at critical cell densities (greater than 3 X 10(3)/well) in the absence of serum. Therefore, we reasoned that NBL either produced or was receptive to known B cell growth factors. Although no classic @entity5003 was detected in NBL supernatants, some BCGF-I-like activity was found. Finally, in the presence of @entity558 , both spontaneous and anti-mu-stimulated NBL growth was inhibited, a result suggesting maturation of this @entity706 . These results suggest that NBL represents an excellent model to study the growth and differentiation of B cell subsets.

title: Lymphoma models for B cell activation and tolerance. I. Conditions for the anti-mu-dependent stimulation of growth in NBL, a nude XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B cell lymphoma']


abstract: The increased life expectancy of the population has led to increasing incidences of @entity5 , chronic inflammatory and @entity792 . Thus the continuous search for new drugs is necessary because ineffectiveness and adverse effects have been described for standard drugs. Essential oils are important sources of bioactive metabolites and several clinical trials have been developed using them. The Pterodon genus has been used in traditional medicine to treat @entity627 , thus this work investigated the properties of essential oil from Pterodon polygalaeflorus fruits (EsOPpg) on acute @entity32 and lymphocyte activation. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its components were identified by GC/ @entity15 . The anti-inflammatory response was assessed using the air pouch model. Antinociceptive potential was evaluated using the writhing model. Lymphocyte phenotyping, cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. EsOPpg promoted a reduction in leukocyte counts and protein concentration in the exudate, and reduced vasodilatation and inflammatory cell infiltrate in air pouch tissue. No antinociceptive effect was demonstrated for the doses tested. EsOPpg inhibited lymphocyte proliferation, arresting the cell cycle in G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in these cells. EsOPpg downregulated both the total number of @entity405 (+) T cells and the activated subpopulation ( @entity405 (+) @entity7986 (+)), while promoting upregulation of the total number of @entity1075 (+) and @entity1075 (+) @entity7986 (+) B cells. In conclusion, Pterodon polygalaeflorus essential oil diminished the acute inflammatory response and inhibited lymphocyte proliferation, reducing neutrophil recruitment into the cavity and air pouch tissue and promoting distinct modulations of the activation level of each lymphocyte subpopulation.

title: Pterodon polygalaeflorus essential oil modulates acute XXXX and B and T lymphocyte activation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine a possible association between recidivist superficial @entity2268 and anticardiolipin antibodies. Forty-five @entity1 with two or more episodes of superficial @entity2268 in lower limbs (33 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 with ages ranging from 17 to 60 years, average: 39.8) were studied. The control group was formed by 100 voluntary donors from the blood bank (83 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 , age range: 21 to 59 years, average: 35.4). Anticardiolipin antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For semiquantitative detection in @entity1 sera with use of QUANTA Lite ACA IgG/IgM--INOVA Diagnostic, Inc., and positive values were considered as 15 GPL units/mL and 12.5 MPL units/mL for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM, respectively, as recommended by the test. The Odds Ratio method was chosen for statistical analysis with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. In 15 @entity1 (33.3%) anticardiolipin antibody positivity was detected, whereas in 12 @entity1 (26.7%) it occurred as immunoglobulin M (IgM) anticardiolipin and in 3 (6.7%) as immunoglobulin G anticardiolipin. In the control group, positivity was found in 7 @entity1 (7%) for those antibodies. Furthermore, the Odds Ratio = 6.64 with CI = 95% and values ranging from 2.48 to 17.82 (p < 0.05) were significant, as well as for IgM/IgG anticardiolipin proportion with Odds Ratio = 5.09, C = 95% and values varying from 1.33 to 19.54 (p < 0.05). The authors conclude that there is a correlation between the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and recurrent superficial @entity2268 .

title: Superficial XXXX and anticardiolipin antibodies--report of association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

answer: @entity2268 :: (MESH:D013924,Disease) :: ['thrombophlebitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recurrent @entity5 has a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment. We evaluate the comparative-effectiveness of four management strategies in recurrent cervix @entity5 incorporating risk prognostication categories derived from pooled collaborative group trials: 1) standard doublet chemotherapy; 2) selective chemotherapy (home hospice with no chemotherapy for poorest prognosis @entity1 with remainder receiving standard doublet chemotherapy); 3) single-agent chemotherapy with home hospice; and 4) home hospice. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness decision model was constructed. Survival reduction of 24% was assumed for single-agent chemotherapy and 40% for hospice only compared to standard doublet chemotherapy. Overall survival and strategy cost for each arm were modeled as follows: standard doublet chemotherapy 8.9 months ( 33K); selective chemotherapy 8.7 months ( 29K); single-agent chemotherapy with home hospice 6.7 months ( 16K); and home hospice alone 5.3 months ( 11K). Base case analysis assumed equal quality of life (QOL). Sensitivity analyses assessed model uncertainties. RESULTS: Standard doublet chemotherapy for all is not cost-effective compared to selective chemotherapy with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of  276K per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Sensitivity analysis predicted that a 90% improvement in survival is required before standard doublet chemotherapy is cost-effective in the poorest prognosis @entity1 . Selective chemotherapy is the most cost-effective strategy compared to single-agent chemotherapy with home hospice with an ICER of  78K/QALY. Chemotherapy containing regimens become cost-prohibitive with small decreases in QOL. CONCLUSIONS: Supportive care based treatment strategies are potentially more cost-effective than the current standard of doublet chemotherapy for all @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 and warrant prospective evaluation.

title: Are supportive care-based treatment strategies preferable to standard chemotherapy in recurrent XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) testing is a useful tool for diagnosis of @entity712 ( @entity712 ). In our institution only physicians in the @entity358 , cardiology, and intensive care departments were authorized to order @entity3876 testing. Our study sought to determine the validity of this strategy. METHODS: In this one-year prospective study, @entity3876 testing was performed only in the @entity358 and cardiology departments. The following details were recorded for each @entity1 with a @entity3876 assay: demographic information, clinical symptoms, physical examination, laboratory reports, chest radiography and ECG findings, and initial diagnosis (including in particular suspicion of @entity712 ). The criterion for inclusion in this study was acute @entity1353 on admission from the @entity341 ( @entity341 ), and the exclusion criterion was @entity662 . We collected information about each @entity1 's final diagnosis and outcome from the medical file. RESULTS: Overall, the study included 236 @entity1 (100 admitted into the pneumology department and 136 into cardiology). Their mean age was 77.3+/-12.4 years and the sex ratio 1.29 (133 M/103 F). @entity10579 was the final diagnosis for 170 @entity1 (72%: 56% in pneumology and 84% in cardiology). Initial misdiagnosis led to erroneous orientation of 66 @entity1 , 13 (5.5%) of whom were among the 39 (17%) @entity1 who died. The diagnostic accuracy of the specialists' clinical judgment was 74%, compared with 87% and 91% for @entity3876 cut-off levels of 100 and 250 pg/mL, respectively. COMMENT: Without @entity3876 testing in the @entity341 , more than a quarter of the @entity1 with acute @entity1353 were incorrectly oriented. Our study found @entity3876 testing to be more effective than clinical judgment. In this series of @entity1 , the cut-off value providing the best sensitivity and specificity was 250 pg/mL.

title: [ XXXX tests in the @entity341 to diagnose @entity712 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

answer: @entity3876 :: (4879,Gene) :: ['BNP']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1781 complicating @entity5278 ( @entity5278 ). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Eight @entity1 (11 eyes) with @entity5278 and @entity1781 from a single center were reviewed and clinical outcomes described. RESULTS: The median age of @entity1 was 45 years; six @entity1 were @entity1 and seven were Caucasian. In the six @entity1 with available follow-up, the @entity1781 was corticosteroid-responsive, but required @entity228 treatment to prevent recurrences of @entity32 and subsequent @entity1018 . Five @entity1 required immunosuppressive drug therapy during their treatment course. No @entity1 had recurrence of @entity1781 while receiving immunosuppressive drug therapy. Visual acuity improved or stabilized with treatment in nine of 11 affected eyes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1781 is an uncommon complication of @entity5278 that may result in substantial visual morbidity. Immunosuppressive drug therapy may prevent recurrences of @entity1781 and subsequent @entity1018 .

title: XXXX complicating @entity5278 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity5278 :: ('MESH:C537374', 'Disease') :: ['MFCPU', 'multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['Optic neuropathy', 'optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['Optic neuropathy']


abstract: A small cryptic plasmid designated pSSU1 was isolated from @entity11769 serotype 2 strain DAT1. The complete sequence of pSSU1 was 4975 bp and contained six major open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 and ORF2 encode for proteins highly homologous to @entity40642 and RepB of the pMV158 family, respectively. ORF5 encodes for a protein highly homologous to @entity40643 of pMV158. @entity40644 encodes for a protein highly homologous to @entity40645 of pVA380-1 of S. ferus, but its function is unknown. There was no similarity between @entity40645 and @entity40646 and other protein sequences. In this plasmid, the ORF1 ( @entity40642 protein) was preceded by two multiples of direct repeat and the conserved @entity2036 that could be the double-strand origin (DSO) of rolling circle replication (RCR) mechanism. The ORF5 ( @entity40643 protein) was followed by a potential hairpin loop that could be the single-strand origin (SSO) of RCR mechanism. The sequence, which was complementary to the leader region of Rep mRNA, was homologous to the countertranscribed RNA (ctRNA) of pLS1. Moreover, a 5- @entity535 conserved sequence was found in C terminal of Rep and putative Rep proteins of several pMV158 family plasmids. These observations suggest that this plasmid replicates by use of the rolling circle mechanism.

title: Sequence analysis of a small cryptic plasmid isolated from XXXX serotype 2.

entities_list: @entity11769 :: ('1307', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus suis']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity11769 :: (1307,Species) :: ['Streptococcus suis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) measurement is recommended in the diagnosis and follow-up of the @entity101 @entity1 . The aim of the study was to evaluate the proportion of @entity101 attended in Primary Care who had an evaluation of UAE in the last year, along with the methodology of the measurement. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 958 investigators consecutively recruited 4786 @entity101 (first five @entity1 who attended). When present, the measurement of UAE during the last year was obtained from clinical records. In those having this measurement, the type of urine collection (24hours, nighttime or morning spot), as well as the value and units of measure (mg/24h,  g/min, mg/g or mg/L) were recorded. RESULTS: Mean age was 66 years. 51% were @entity1 and 49% @entity1 . UAE was determined in 2301 @entity1 (48.1%). In 329, 24-hour urine was collected, nighttime urine in 122 and in 1850 the collection came from a morning spot sample. However, only 696 @entity1 from the latter group had the value of albumin corrected by the @entity1011 excretion. Thus, only 24% of @entity101 @entity1 had a valid UAE measurement (mg/24h,  g/min or mg/g). Prevalence of microalbuminuria was 36%. The UAE determination was associated with older age, @entity28 , @entity6 and better blood pressure control rates. CONCLUSION: Only half of @entity101 @entity1 have a UAE measurement and in only 1 out of 4 a validated methodology has been used. It seems necessary a reinforcement of the messages contained in guidelines, as well as its applicability to any particular setting in order to promote a generalized and correct evaluation of UAE in @entity101 .

title: [Determination of urinary albumin excretion in arterial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1498 may have obstructions at other sites within the left heart which are not always apparent on the initial echocardiogram. The magnitude of the risk of having the additional obstructions is not well described, with few reliable quantitative criterions for identifying @entity1 at the highest risk. We determined the frequency of additional, late appearing, stenotic lesions within the left heart, and the predictive morphologic features on the initial cross-sectional echocardiogram. We identified all @entity1 with @entity1498 diagnosed by 3 months of age, excluding those with @entity299 or definite additional stenotic lesions at presentation, leaving 101 @entity1 for study. At follow-up, 31 stenotic lesions were diagnosed in 23 @entity1 , 15 of whom had at least 1 intervention. @entity4794 was diagnosed in 11 @entity1 , @entity472 in 10, @entity475 in 8, and @entity7196 in 2. The probability for freedom from obstructive lesions was 81% at 1 year, 74% at 3 years, and 70% at 5 years. Echocardiographic predictors of @entity4794 included smaller mitral valvar annuluses, presence of a mean transmitral gradient between 2.5 and 5.0 mmHg, and elongation of the area of intervalvar fibrous continuity. Predictors of @entity472 were smaller mitral valvar annuluses, an initial aortic valvar gradient between 15 and 20 mmHg, and obliteration of the commissure between the right and non-coronary leaflets of the aortic valve. Predictors of @entity475 were smaller mitral valvar annuluses and elongation of the area of intervalvar fibrous continuity. @entity1 with Z-scores for the diameter of the mitral valve of less than -1 were at the highest risk for manifesting obstructive lesions at any level. Associated stenoses in the left heart are common in the setting of @entity1498 . When Doppler data is equivocal, features of the cross-sectional echocardiogram can identify the sub-group of @entity1 at increased risk.

title: The risk of having additional obstructive lesions in neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity7196 :: ('MESH:D021921', 'Disease') :: ['supravalvar aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['complex cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta', 'aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral stenosis', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation of the aorta']


abstract: The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of @entity286 smoking and the clinical type of @entity2521 on the chosen parameters of oxidative stress ( @entity224 anion generation on the ground of cytochrome c reduction in the whole blood, the concentration of autoantibodies for oxidized low-density lipoprotein in @entity1503 , the level of @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) as a marker of oxidative DNA damage in @entity1503 and the total antioxidant capacity in @entity1503 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 50 @entity2521 @entity1 (20 @entity1 with generalized @entity146 and 30 @entity1 with @entity7278 ), aged 28-55 (the mean value 40.3). There were 28 females and 22 males. The control group consisted of 25 volunteers in good general health, aged 2-50 (the mean value 37.8). There were 15 @entity1 in this group. In clinical examination ofperiodontium following indexes were included: plaque index (Silness and L  e), aproximal plaque index (Lange et al.), bleeding upon probing (Saxer and M  hlemann), pockets depth, the number of teeth. RESULTS: Significant influence of periodontal diagnosis on the level of @entity7599 in gingival blood and total antioxidant capacity and also all analyzed clinical parameters was revealed. Significant total influence ofperiodontal diagnosis with @entity286 smoking on total antioxidant capacity was also seen in venous blood (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: 1) periodontal status impacted in significant way on the level of @entity7599 in gingival blood and total antioxidant capacity in venous blood, 2) @entity286 smoking and chronic @entity2521 presence were connected with significantly decreasing levels of total antioxidant capacity in venous blood; this fact may be under importance in connection between @entity2521 and @entity731 , 3) @entity286 smoking was a significant factor in the progression ofperiodontitis (higher levels of plaque indexes, deeper periodontal pockets in @entity1239 addicted @entity1 ).

title: [Influence of @entity286 smoking and XXXX on selected factors of oxidative stress].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine', '8-OHdG']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive periodontitis - GAP']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis--CP']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['venous and gingival blood']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: Nowadays, more @entity1 seem to die in hospitals or other establishments than in their own homes. The following paper reports on 50 consecutive cases of @entity204 that occurred in a clinic of internal medicine. The analysis concentrated on the circumstances, the symptoms and the treatment of the @entity1 during the 12 h. preceding and immediately before @entity204 as well as on the opinion of the relatives and the attending staff. A questionnaire registered the different opinions. Nearly a third of these @entity204 occurred after a fairly short hospitalization time. Death was not always the result of a long illness and it involved also young @entity1 . Most of the @entity1 died in their hospital room, in the presence of their relatives and/or of the attending staff. They were mostly unconscious during the moments preceding their @entity204 . Terminal symptoms such as @entity158 , @entity148 , @entity1353 or thirst were largely kept under control. The relatives and concerned @entity1 were, as far as possible, informed about the grievance and the fatal issue of the @entity1 's illness. Their reactions were diverse. Most relatives were satisfied with the treatment and care given to the hospitalized @entity1 . The doctors and nursing staff considered their working together as being better than usually expected. Clear therapeutical concepts, appropriate palliative care as much as optimal communication are important requirements for a good treatment of the dying. The following results allow us to question many a prejudice concerning @entity204 in a hospital surrounding, but also show us possibilities of improvement. So we should sometimes question ourselves about the sense and the need of certain nursing interventions. We should spend more time during our medical training on the question of palliative care and on the problem of the relationship of doctors to @entity204 and to the dying. We feel that establishing a "science of @entity204 " or a segregation of the dying in specialized institutions makes no sense.

title: [Dying and XXXX in an acute-care medical hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 occurring during pregnancy represents a lethal risk to both the mother and fetus. Our purpose was to study the prevalence, treatments, and outcome of this rare problem and to suggest therapeutic guidelines. METHODS: During the past 12 years, 6 pregnant @entity1 were admitted with an @entity697 . Four had a type A and 2 had a type B dissection (Stanford classification). RESULTS: Two of the 4 @entity1 with a type A dissection underwent a combined emergency operation consisting of first cesarean section and then ascending aortic repair. Cesarean section was carried out 5 days after the emergency procedure on the aorta in the third @entity1 , and 16 weeks later in the fourth @entity1 . All 4 fetuses were delivered alive. One fetus died 6 days later, but the other 3 are alive and well at long-term follow-up. Of the 2 @entity1 with a type B dissection, 1 was operated on for celiac @entity63 ; the other was treated medically. In both cases the fetus died in utero. There were no maternal deaths in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Cesarean section with concomitant aortic repair is recommended for pregnant @entity1 with a type A dissection, depending on the gestational age. The maternal hemodynamic status will determine the sequence of the two procedures. Medical treatment is advised for @entity1 with a type B dissection, but surgical repair is indicated if complications such as @entity548 or malperfusion of major side branches occur.

title: XXXX complicating pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute aortic dissection', 'acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute aortic dissection']


abstract: Enterotoxigenic @entity526 (ETEC) is a common cause of @entity2348 leading to acute watery @entity294 in @entity1 and young @entity1 . Although the prevalence of ETEC is high in Bangladesh and infections can be spread through food and contaminated water, limited information is available about ETEC in the surface water. We carried out studies to isolate ETEC from surface water samples from ponds, rivers, and a lake from a site close to field areas known to have a high incidence of @entity294 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Matlab, Bangladesh. ETEC strains isolated from the water sources were compared with ETEC strains isolated from @entity1 with @entity294 at two hospitals in these areas. ETEC were isolated from 30% (45 of 150) of the samples from the surface water sources and 19% (518 of 2700) of the clinical specimens. One hundred ETEC strains isolated from @entity1 with similar phenotypes as the environmental strains were compared for phenotypic and genotypic properties. The most common O serogroups on ETEC were O6, O25, O78, O115, and O126 in both types of strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses of the ETEC strains showed that multiple clones of ETEC were present within each colonization factor type and that some clones detected in the environment were also isolated from the stools of @entity1 . The strains showed multiple and similar antibiotic resistance patterns. This study shows that ETEC is prevalent in surface water sources in Bangladesh suggesting a possible reason for the endemicity of this pathogen in Bangladesh.

title: Comparison of enterotoxigenic XXXX isolated from surface water and diarrhoeal stool samples in Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: This intervention study was designed to examine whether a 12-week psychoeducational intervention influenced recurrent @entity299 , symptom experience and treatment adherence of @entity1 with @entity453 . Fifty-eight @entity1 were randomized to either the intervention or the control group. Measures were taken at baseline, after intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. Recurrent @entity299 included revascularization, rehospitalization, emergency room visits and mortality. Symptom experiences were measured using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire-Korean and Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale. Treatment adherence included health behaviours, routine check-up and medication adherence. At 6-month follow-up, the intervention group had significantly better physical functions and lower @entity148 and @entity308 . Treatment adherence was also significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group. No significant difference was noticed in the incidence of recurrent @entity299 between the groups. A longer follow-up study is needed to determine the long-term effects on the prevention of recurrent @entity299 .

title: Effects of a psychoeducational intervention for secondary prevention in Korean @entity1 with XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Event-related potentials (ERPs) and other electroencephalographic (EEG) evidence show that frontal brain areas of higher and lower socioeconomic status (SES) @entity1 are recruited differently during selective attention tasks. We assessed whether multiple variables related to self-regulation (perceived mental effort) emotional states (e.g., @entity148 , stress, etc.) and motivational states (e.g., boredom, engagement, etc.) may co-occur or interact with frontal attentional processing probed in two matched-samples of fourteen lower-SES and higher-SES adolescents. ERP and EEG activation were measured during a task probing selective attention to sequences of tones. Pre- and post-task salivary @entity701 and self-reported emotional states were also measured. At similar behavioural performance level, the higher-SES group showed a greater ERP differentiation between attended (relevant) and unattended (irrelevant) tones than the lower-SES group. EEG power analysis revealed a cross-over interaction, specifically, lower-SES adolescents showed significantly higher theta power when ignoring rather than attending to tones, whereas, higher-SES adolescents showed the opposite pattern. Significant theta asymmetry differences were also found at midfrontal electrodes indicating @entity3457 in lower-SES adolescents. The attended vs. unattended difference in right midfrontal theta increased with individual SES rank, and (independently from SES) with lower @entity701 task reactivity and higher boredom. Results suggest lower-SES @entity1 used additional compensatory resources to monitor/control response inhibition to distracters, perceiving also more mental effort, as compared to higher-SES counterparts. Nevertheless, stress, boredom and other task-related perceived states were unrelated to SES. Ruling out presumed confounds, this study confirms the midfrontal mechanisms responsible for the SES effects on selective attention reported previously and here reflect genuine cognitive differences.

title: Frontal EEG/ERP correlates of attentional processes, XXXX and motivational states in adolescents from lower and higher socioeconomic status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['left hypo-activity']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: Several studies have shown that hemorrheological parameters are modified by physical exercise and exposure to altitude @entity519 . These changes result in a decrease in @entity85 ( @entity85 ). Similarly, it has been shown that a daily dietary fish oil supplement increases @entity85 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of fish oil diet on @entity85 after exercise. Fourteen male subjects (19-38 years old) were divided into two groups. The first group ate a "standard diet" rich in saturated lipids; the second group received a daily amount of 6 g of MaxEPA fish oil for 6 weeks. Before the 6 weeks of experimental nutrition, and just after this period, both groups were submitted to two physical exercises of 1 h cycling at 70% of their VO2max. One test was performed at sea level, the other at a simulated altitude of 3000 m in a hypobaric chamber. Blood samples were drawn before and after exercise and used to evaluate: (1) @entity85 by filtration on @entity6027 membrane, (2) plasma viscosity, and (3) erythrocyte phospholipid composition. Energy charge of red cell was evaluated by @entity855 / @entity860 / @entity857 and two to three @entity11592 assays. Gas liquid chromatography indicated an increase in n-3 @entity5204 membrane erythrocyte composition. In the control group, @entity85 decreased by an average of 53% after exercise under @entity519 conditions and was unchanged after the same exercise at sea level. MaxEPA diet suppresses the decrease in @entity85 observed after @entity519 exercise. These results indicate a decrease in @entity85 under the combined effects of exercise and @entity519 , which is prevented by 6 weeks of fish oil supplement.

title: Influence of XXXX diet on the hemorrheological response to physical exercise in @entity519 .

entities_list: @entity6027 :: ('CHEBI:61433', 'Chemical') :: ['polycarbonate']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['red cell deformability', 'RCD']

answer: @entity5204 :: (CHEBI:26208,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']


abstract: Orthostatic intolerance is the development of disabling symptoms upon assuming an upright posture that are relieved partially by resuming the supine position. @entity10409 ( @entity10409 ) is an @entity9930 characterized by palpitations because of excessive orthostatic sinus @entity591 , lightheadedness, @entity400 , and near- @entity1163 . @entity1 usually undergo extensive medical, cardiac, endocrine, neurologic, and @entity146 evaluation, which usually fails to identify a specific abnormality. The authors investigated the autonomic and hemodynamic profile of @entity1 with @entity10409 and the effectiveness of @entity2179 and @entity7842 . The authors evaluated 11 female @entity1 with @entity10409 before and after medical treatment with a cardioselective @entity2179 beta-blocker or @entity7842 , or both, and 11 age-matched control @entity1 . Variability of heart rate and systolic blood pressure was assessed by fast Fourier transform, and spontaneous baroreceptor gain was assessed by use of the temporal sequences slope and alpha index. Modelflow was used to quantify hemodynamics. Symptoms in all @entity1 improved greatly after medication. The autonomic and hemodynamic impairment observed in @entity1 with @entity10409 , particularly after orthostatic stress, is treated effectively with @entity2179 or @entity7842 or both. These results need further confirmation in a controlled double-blind study. Proper medical treatment improves dramatically the clinical and autonomic-hemodynamic disturbances observed in @entity1 with @entity10409 . The data support the hypothesis that @entity10409 is the result of a hyperadrenergic activation or @entity3485 during orthostasis.

title: Clinical improvement in @entity1 with orthostatic intolerance after treatment with @entity2179 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10409 :: ('MESH:D054972', 'Disease') :: ['Postural tachycardia syndrome', 'POTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity9930 :: ('MESH:D054971', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic intolerance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol']

answer: @entity7842 :: (MESH:D005438,Chemical) :: ['fludrocortisone']


abstract: Stereotactic radiosurgery is an elegant alternative to microsurgery in both @entity1297 and solitary brain @entity3 . Though efficacy for both entities has been established prognostic variables pertaining to individual @entity5 biology have not yet been identified. Therefore the authors measured regional @entity413 utilisation, @entity4214 -uptake and blood flow in 20 @entity1 (10 @entity1653 , 10 @entity3 ) before and after LINAC radiosurgery. Measurements were performed using SPECT and stable xenon-CT. The mean @entity5 dose given was 16.3 and 19.5 Gy in @entity1653 and @entity3 respectively. @entity5 were @entity2495 in comparison to contralateral normal brain and responders to radiosurgery showed a lower @entity5 /brain ratio than non-responders (1.43 vs 0.91 respectively, p < 0.01). @entity1653 did not exhibit @entity2495 and therapeutic outcome was not related to @entity413 utilisation. @entity4214 -uptake, however, was closely related to therapeutic response in @entity1653 (1.37 vs 2.2 in responders vs non-responders, p < 0.01). This relationship could not be established in metastatic lesions. Blood flow was widely distributed in both @entity1653 and @entity3 (26-72.8 and 30.2-70.8 ml/100 g/min). @entity13279 did not correlate with therapeutic outcome. Using FDG-SPECT and thallium-201-SPECT the authors were able to distinguish between @entity5 likely to respond to stereotactic radiosurgery and those not prone to respond. Furthermore the methodology can be used to monitor therapeutic response in treated @entity5 before morphologic changes occur.

title: Effect of LINAC radiosurgery on regional cerebral blood flow, @entity413 metabolism and sodium-potassium AtPase in @entity1297 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium', 'Thallium']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['skull base meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic', 'hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a recommended treatment in the prevention of @entity385 . However, this procedure may cause @entity16 caused by @entity16 . While @entity9086 is a proinflammatory protein, @entity20698 ( @entity20698 ) and @entity4852 ( @entity4852 ) are structural components of the brain. The aim of the study was to investigate @entity9086 , @entity20698 , and @entity4852 in the serum of @entity1 undergoing CEA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 25 @entity1 who underwent CEA due to @entity543 . Blood samples were taken from each @entity1 at three different intervals: prior to the surgery, 12 h after the surgery, and 48 h after the surgery. Serum levels of these @entity75 markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The study showed that the serum @entity9086 level was significantly increased 48 h after CEA when compared to the level prior to surgery and also when compared to levels 12 h after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in serum @entity20698 and @entity4852 levels between all three recorded measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Data from our study showed that CEA affects serum @entity9086 but not @entity20698 and @entity4852 levels. This implicates that @entity9086 may be a valuable serum marker of @entity75 after CEA. However, the observed change in serum @entity9086 level in @entity1 after CEA does not necessarily warrant a change in recommendations concerning the use of this treatment in @entity1 with high-grade @entity543 .

title: Effect of carotid endarterectomy on XXXX markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4852 :: ('2173', 'Gene') :: ['brain lipid-binding protein', 'FABP7']

entities_list: @entity20698 :: ('4747', 'Gene') :: ['NEFL', 'neurofilament light polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular damage', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['internal carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2983 ( @entity3504 )-containing drugs are the mainstay of therapy in @entity29 , but adverse reactions to these medications are relatively common. Because there may be a lack of cross-reactivity among the various @entity3504 formulations, treatment with alternative preparations is sometimes possible even after an apparent @entity56 to a @entity3504 product. OBJECTIVE: To describe a @entity1 with a possible @entity566 to 2 different @entity3504 drugs who tolerated a third. METHODS: A 27-year-old @entity1 with @entity30 developed a @entity1910 while taking @entity2983 (Pentasa and Asacol). Treatment with @entity3504 products was discontinued, and @entity4446 and @entity229 were prescribed. He then experienced multiorgan failure secondary to herpes @entity281 , which required discontinuation of the immunosuppressive therapy. After recovery from the @entity697 , he underwent successful graded challenge with @entity38169 . RESULTS: The @entity1 continued treatment with @entity38169 for 9 months, with good control of his @entity29 and no adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse reactions to 1 or more @entity3504 medications do not necessarily preclude the use of others in the same class. A treatment algorithm for @entity1 with adverse reactions to @entity3504 is outlined based on the case report and review of the literature.

title: Lack of cross-reactivity between XXXX -based drugs: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['simplex infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity38169 :: ('MESH:C038637', 'Chemical') :: ['balsalazide']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Aminosalicylic acid', 'mesalamine']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']


abstract: The period of risk for recurrence of primitive @entity4969 ( @entity6196 / @entity23768 ) is not clearly defined. With current treatment since more than 50% of @entity1 with @entity6196 / @entity23768 can be expected to survive for at least 5 years after diagnosis, determining the evidence of "late" recurrence is of increasing concern. Collins has stated that @entity1 with @entity5 who survive, disease free, for a period of time equal to the age at diagnosis plus 9 months can be declared cured. This, so-called Collins' law has been applied to @entity1 with @entity6196 / @entity23768 . To determine the incidence of "late" recurrence, factors which impact on recurrence and applicability of Collins' law, the authors studied all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6196 / @entity23768 at the @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, between 1970 and 1984. For the 44 @entity1 in this study, the disease-free survival at 5, 10, and 12 years was 54%, 41% and 30%, respectively. For @entity1 surviving 5 years, the actuarial survival at 10 years was 75% and at 12 years, 51%. Age, sex, dose of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or extent of surgery were not predictive of late relapse. Recurrence in three of seven @entity1 (43%) occurred outside the "period of risk" as predicted by Collins. It appears that the "period of risk" for recurrent @entity1221 after @entity6196 / @entity23768 is as yet undefined and probably indefinite.

title: Late recurrence of primitive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor/medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

answer: @entity4969 :: (MESH:D017599,Disease) :: ['neuroectodermal tumor/medulloblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether involved-field (IF) radiotherapy is equally effective and less toxic in comparison with extended-field (EF) radiotherapy for @entity1 with early-stage @entity978 ( @entity978 ) who received combined modality therapy. METHODS: The data of 88 early-stage @entity978 @entity1 treated with combined modality therapy were retrospectively reviewed. According to Ann Arbor classification, 12 @entity1 (13.7%) had stage IA disease, 56 stage IIA (63.6%), and 20 IIB (22.7%). Forty-two (47.7%) @entity1 underwent involved field radiotherapy (IF group), whereas the other 46 (52.3%) received extended field radiotherapy (EF group). RESULTS: Of 6 @entity1 who developed recurrence, 3 (7.1%) were in IF group and the other 3 (6.5%) in EF group. Only one @entity1 's recurrence developed inside the radiation field in EF group. Three @entity1 (7.2%) in IF group and 9 (19.5%) in EF group had WHO grade 1 and 2 @entity1431 (P = 0.089). Overall survival rate at 1-, 2- and 3-year was 100.0%, 97.1%, and 97.1% in IF group versus 100.0%, 100%, and 95.8% in EF group (P = 0.86), respectively. Freedom from progression survival rate at 1-, 2- and 3-year was 97.6%, 94.8%, and 91.7% in IF group versus 97.8%, 93.2%, and 93.2% in EF group (P = 0.65), respectively. CONCLUSION: Compared with extended-field radiotherapy, involved-field radiotherapy is equally effective and less toxic for @entity1 with early-stage @entity978 treated with combined modality therapy.

title: [Comparison of preliminary results of involved-field with extended field radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy for early stage XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: The exercise capacity of polycythemic @entity1030 @entity1 has been shown to improve after phlebotomy, possibly because of reduction of ventricular afterload by decreased blood viscosity, resulting in @entity5691 . Ten @entity1 with polycythemic @entity1030 and mean hematocrit 62% were studied at rest and during exercise before and after reduction of mean hematocrit to 50% by repeated phlebotomy. Pulmonary function was evaluated by physiologic exercise testing on a bicycle ergometer. Cardiac function was evaluated by rest and exercise RNVG. Significant increase in exercise tolerance and maximal @entity26 uptake at peak exercise, with significant reduction in mean systemic BP, were demonstrated. Ejection fractions did not change, but dV/dt for ejection from the left ventricle at peak exercise improved significantly. Mean SV counts, @entity5778 counts, and EDV counts were measured and the fractional increase with exercise compared for prephlebotomy and postphlebotomy, assuming that resting volumes would not change. @entity5778 counts and EDV counts were both proportionately, though not significantly, reduced postphlebotomy. The data tend to support the hypothesis that the afterload on the left ventricle is reduced, with resulting improved myocardial contractility and left ventricular function. Improved peripheral @entity26 uptake may also be a factor.

title: Exercise-induced changes in left ventricular function after phlebotomy in @entity1 with polycythemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: A 23-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was referred for the evaluation of acute onset of @entity2055 and @entity308 , and a 2-day history of fever. On physical examination, the gelding was profoundly depressed and 10-12% dehydrated. The @entity1641 appeared very unstable, with a wide-based stance in the hind limbs, severe symmetric @entity2055 in all 4 limbs, and proprioceptive deficits in both hind limbs. Nasogastric intubation produced 4 L of brown, fetid reflux, and rectal examination revealed mild small intestinal and cecal distention. @entity1503 included @entity1398 with toxic change, compatible with acute @entity32 and @entity5694 , and prolonged coagulation times. Serum biochemical abnormalities included @entity2629 . @entity520 , and electrolyte abnormalities consistent with @entity1681 . Blood @entity3265 concentration was markedly increased (406 micromol/L; reference interval 4-49 micromol/L), however, serum @entity3645 concentration and hepatic enzyme activities were within reference intervals. Histopathologic examination of a liver biopsy revealed no abnormalities and results of tests for several infectious agents were negative. Clinical signs resolved with correction of the dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities and with antibiotic therapy. The @entity1641 was diagnosed with hyperammonemic @entity16 associated with @entity344 . In such cases, @entity3263 is caused by increased production of @entity3265 by organisms in the gastrointestinal tract in combination with increased gut permeability that facilitates @entity3265 absorption.

title: Neurologic signs and @entity3263 in a XXXX with colic.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2629 :: ('MESH:D053099', 'Disease') :: ['prerenal azotemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: @entity375 shows altered radiation response under various stress conditions, such as nutrition depletion, @entity1568 starvation, @entity1457 , @entity1457 , and mild chemical treatments. In general, the cells show higher levels of UV or gamma radiation resistance under the stress. However, not all the stress conditions affect the repair system in the same manner. For example, depletion of @entity1568 supply in the growth medium has been shown to enhance the repair of gamma ray-induced DNA damage without significantly affecting the UV response of the cells. On the other hand, a mild treatment with alkali or @entity273 improves the response to UV light but not to gamma radiation. It has further been shown that the effect of these stresses are not additive, e.g., the alkali and @entity273 treatments given simultaneously show the same effect as either of them alone. Low levels of gamma and UV radiation exposures are also treated as stress in the present context. Studies show that irradiation of low-dose gamma rays results in enhanced excision repair of UV-induced @entity7391 dimers. However, in all the wild-type strains tested, none showed any effect on gamma rays response. The exposure to low doses of UV light did not show any effect on either the gamma rays or the UV response. It is suggested that the stress-induced enhancement of DNA repair can be of two types: 1) A general response to stress, which prepares the organism to survive in adverse circumstances (some of the proteins produced during this response also take part in the DNA repair), and 2) a particular response involving DNA damage, such as that caused by gamma irradiation. In this case, the DNA damage may act as a signal for enhancement of the DNA repair.

title: Stress-inducible DNA repair in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['osmotic shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: Sixty-two @entity1 with @entity3127 or @entity3617 were treated with @entity5504 . In 42 @entity1 (= 68%), the therapy was clinically successful. Of the @entity1 who did not respond to therapy, @entity5504 -resistant bacteria were found in the sputum culture of seven. Of the remaining 13 @entity1 , ten suffered a secondary infection with @entity5504 -resistant bacteria, and in three @entity1 the pathogen found before therapy persisted, although sensitive to @entity5504 on testing. In seven @entity1 therapy was clinically successful although @entity5504 -resistant pathogens were present before the start of therapy. In the entire group of @entity1 investigated no increase of SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, @entity648 , @entity1133 or @entity1011 was observed. In two @entity1 alkaline phosphatase and SGOT increased slightly; in three @entity1 SGPT increased slightly. On the other hand, in several @entity1 initially elevated SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased during therapy. Clinical side-effects were seen in two @entity1 . In one @entity1 with known @entity114 allergy a @entity1910 developed; in the other @entity1 , who had @entity14086 , exacerbation of skin efflorescences occurred.

title: [Therapy of @entity3617 and @entity3127 in adults with XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity5504 :: ('MESH:D002433', 'Chemical') :: ['cefaclor']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['pruritic exanthema']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity14086 :: ('MESH:D003874', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis herpetiformis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity5504 :: (MESH:D002433,Chemical) :: ['cefaclor']


abstract: Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic @entity377 -modulated (HCN) channels contribute to rhythmic spontaneous activity in the heart and CNS. Ectopic spontaneous neuronal activity has been implicated in the development and maintenance of acute and @entity1931 , @entity1931 and spontaneous @entity158 . Previously, we documented that systemic administration of @entity22724 , a specific blocker of pacemaker current (I(h)), decreased ectopic activity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and reversed @entity1931 in spinal nerve ligated (SNL) @entity35 [Chaplan SR, Guo HQ, Lee DH, Luo L, Liu C, Kuei C, Velumian AA, @entity2468 , Brown SM, Dubin AE (2003) Neuronal hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channels drive @entity9 . J Neurosci 23:1169-1178]. @entity158 is the chief clinical manifestation of @entity1897 ; however, a role for I(h) in spontaneous @entity158 has not been described. Here, in further @entity35 studies, we report that systemic administration of @entity22724 reversed spontaneous @entity158 induced by mild @entity130 (MTI) and @entity1931 induced by SNL and MTI. In contrast, @entity22724 did not reduce thermal @entity1931 . An important locus of action appears to be in the skin since intraplantar (local) administration of @entity22724 completely suppressed @entity1931 arising from MTI and SNL and reduced spontaneous @entity158 due to MTI. Immunohistochemical staining of plantar skin sections detected @entity40285 - @entity40286 expression in mechanosensory structures (e.g., Meissner's corpuscles and Merkel cells). Collectively, these data suggest that expression and modulation of I(h) in the peripheral nervous system, including specialized sensory structures, may play a significant role in sensory processing and contribute to spontaneous @entity158 .

title: Role of peripheral hyperpolarization-activated cyclic XXXX -modulated channel pacemaker channels in acute and chronic pain models in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hyperalgesia', 'allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'tactile allodynia']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and tactile allodynia', 'Spontaneous pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 , including @entity565 , @entity2023 , and @entity483 , are major illnesses among @entity1 . Recent studies conducted worldwide have shown diverse trends in the prevalence of @entity565 , with a steady increase detected in industrialized countries. Other studies, however, have revealed a leveling trend or even a declining prevalence. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current prevalence of @entity56 in 6-to7-year-old schoolchildren in Taipei, Taiwan, and to analyze time trends. METHODS: We evaluated the prevalence and severity of @entity565 and other @entity56 using a phase I International Study of Asthma and @entity566 in Childhood core written questionnaire previously administered in Taipei in 1994 and 2002. RESULTS: A total of 24 999 first-grade students from 153 elementary schools completed the questionnaire. The proportion of @entity1 with wheeze ever and nocturnal cough in the past 12 months was significantly increased in 2007 compared to 1994 and 2002. No significant differences were detected in the prevalence of current wheeze or physician-diagnosed @entity565 . The prevalence of severe wheezing symptoms in the past 12 months (> or = 4 attacks of wheeze, > or = 1 night of @entity25 due to wheeze per week, wheeze-limiting speech, and exercise-induced wheeze) decreased significantly. The prevalence and severity of @entity2490 symptoms increased significantly during the 13-year period analyzed. The prevalence of @entity1109 as recurrent @entity1910 and typical @entity483 distribution in the past 12 months--also increased. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increase only in the prevalence and severity of current @entity56 in @entity2023 and @entity483 .

title: Prevalence, severity, and time trends of XXXX in 6-to-7-year-old schoolchildren in Taipei.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['itchy rash']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Allergies']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['eczema symptoms-defined']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conditions', 'allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic conditions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity158 , or @entity546 , is a common symptom among @entity1 . @entity546 presents in many ways, and arises from a range of causes. @entity2335 / @entity2336 ( @entity2337 /PBS) is one potential cause that may frequently be overlooked by clinicians. @entity2335 is increasingly recognized as more common than was once thought. However, it can be difficult to identify, as the symptoms of @entity2337 /PBS (urinary urgency and frequency, @entity546 , @entity2183 , and @entity2371 ) overlap with other urogynecologic conditions. AIM: This article will review the association between @entity546 and @entity2337 /PBS, and will provide an approach to the diagnosis and treatment of @entity2337 /PBS in @entity1 with @entity158 . METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Review of the medical literature and expert medical opinion. RESULTS: Many @entity1 with @entity2337 /PBS experience @entity546 , often in conjunction with chronic @entity2371 . When @entity2337 /PBS is suspected, there are simple measures to @entity3224 in the diagnosis of this condition, and treatments are readily available. CONCLUSIONS: When a @entity1 presents with the symptoms of urinary urgency and frequency, @entity546 , @entity2183 , and/or @entity2371 , @entity2337 /PBS should be part of the diagnostic evaluation.

title: XXXX / @entity2336 as a cause of @entity158 in @entity1 : a diagnosis to consider.

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['painful bladder syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sexual pain', 'Sexual pain']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia', 'Dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['Interstitial cystitis']


abstract: It is hypothesized that due to an abnormal functioning of the reward system @entity1 with @entity161 form @entity66 . It has been shown that the @entity935 target regions, especially the ventral striatum, are critical in the formation of reward associations. We wanted to examine how the ventral striatum responds as @entity1 learn reward-related associations and how this neural response is linked to objective and subjective behavioral measures. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Blood @entity26 level dependent (BOLD) responses were examined using aversive Pavlovian learning in 13 medicated @entity1 with @entity161 and 13 matched healthy controls. Colored circles served as conditioned stimulus (CS+) while a loud, individually adjusted, noise served as the unconditioned stimulus. Circles of another color served as neutral comparators (CS-). Subjective indices were assessed by a post-scan self-report, and galvanic skin responses (GSR) were used as objective measures of associative learning. fMRI data were analyzed using a random effects model in SPM2. @entity1 showed inappropriately strong activations in the ventral striatum in response to the neutral stimulus (CS-) as compared to the healthy controls. Consistent with this neural evidence of aberrant learning, @entity1 also showed evidence of abnormal learning by self-report and as indexed by GSR. The main finding here is that @entity1 with @entity161 , when exposed to neutral stimuli in a threatening situation, show an abnormal pattern of learning. The aberrant activations and response are consistent with the idea that @entity1 aberrantly assign motivational salience to neutral stimuli, and this process may be one of the aberrations that predisposes them to @entity716 .

title: The formation of abnormal associations in XXXX : neural and behavioral evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['context-inappropriate associations']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity2041 reductase from @entity526 is inactivated when incubated with either @entity1110 or @entity2125 . The process is inversely dependent on the enzyme concentration. Inactivation is rapid and monophasic with 1 microM @entity1110 and 1 nM enzyme FAD giving a t1/2 of 1 min. Complex formation between @entity1110 and the two-electron reduced enzyme (EH2) at higher levels of @entity1110 protects against rapid inactivation. @entity1110 +, produced in a side reaction with @entity26 , also protects by forming a complex with EH2. These complexes make analysis of the concentration dependence of the inactivation process difficult. Inactivation with @entity2125 , where complexes do not interfere, is slower but can be analyzed more readily. With 152 microM @entity2125 and 5.4 nM enzyme FAD, the time required for 50% inactivation is 17 min. The process is markedly biphasic, reaching the final inactivation level after 5-7 h. Analysis of the relationship between the final level of inactivation with @entity2125 and the enzyme concentration indicates that inactivation is due to dissociation of the normally dimeric enzyme. Thus, the position of the dimer-monomer equilibrium between an active dimeric two-electron reduced species and an inactive monomeric two-electron reduced form determines the enzyme activity. An apparent equilibrium constant (Kd) for dissociation of dimer obtained from the anaerobic concentration dependent inactivation curves is 220 nM. Enzyme inactivated with @entity2125 can be reactivated with @entity2041 , and the reactivation kinetics are second order, monomer-monomer over 75% of the reaction with an average apparent association rate constant (ka) of 13.1 (+/- 5.5) X 10(6) M-1 min-1.

title: Inactivation-reactivation of two-electron reduced XXXX @entity2041 reductase involving a dimer-monomer equilibrium.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the olfactory bulbectomy model of @entity308 in @entity35 could influence susceptibility to ligature-induced @entity2521 , and that chronic treatment with the anti-depressant drug @entity13707 could attenuate this effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity13707 was given twice daily (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the entire experiment, starting 29 days before induction of olfactory bulbectomy and @entity2521 . @entity4838 ( @entity4838 ) @entity35 and sham-operated @entity35 were given saline in a similar manner. Periodontal disease was assessed when the ligatures had been in place for 21 days. Two hours before decapitation, @entity35 were injected with lipopolysaccharide ( @entity558 ;100 microg/kg, i.p.) to induce a robust immune and stress response. RESULTS: Compared with sham-operated controls, @entity4838 @entity35 developed significantly more periodontal bone loss, exhibited characteristic behavioural responses in a novel open field test, and showed a decreased expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the hippocampus. @entity558 provoked a significantly larger increase in circulating levels of the stress hormone @entity2819 and the cytokine transformation growth factor (TGF)-1beta but smaller @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity1505 levels. @entity13707 treatment of @entity4838 @entity35 significantly @entity604 , normalized behavioural responses, enhanced TGF-1beta levels, and abolished @entity1505 decrease, but did not attenuate the increased @entity2819 response and the decreased hippocampal GR expression. CONCLUSIONS: These experimental results are consistent with an emerging literature showing that life stress, @entity148 , @entity308 , pathological grief, and poor coping behaviour may dysregulate regulatory mechanisms within the brain involved in immune regulation, and thereby alter immune responses and influence the susceptibility/resistance to inflammatory disorders.

title: Enhanced susceptibility to XXXX in an animal model of @entity308 : reversed by chronic treatment with the anti-depressant @entity13707 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity13707 :: ('MESH:C050504', 'Chemical') :: ['tianeptine', 'Tianeptine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['inhibited peridodontal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['Olfactory bulbectomized', 'OB']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: Two epidemiological surveys were made by the same research team on the prevalence and the aetiological factors of @entity3311 in coalminers. The first study was made in a coalminers' community of Belgian Limburg, the other one in a representative sample of coalminers regularly at work. In both surveys an excess of @entity1353 was observed in comparison to the prevalence of this symptom in controls. These @entity1353 often presented themselves as isolated symptoms, without chronic cough or phlegm production. @entity1353 in excess could not be explained by massive @entity82 . The prevalence of the symptom was not linked, neither to the spirometric values, nor to the results of respiratory challenge tests with @entity934 , @entity286 use, or the length of exposure at the coalface. When @entity1353 was associated with cough and phlegm production there was on the contrary a statistically significant relation with the spirometric values and the effect of @entity934 . It seems therefore reasonable to explain at least partially the isolated @entity1353 in coalminers by specific mechanisms not related to @entity3617 but resulting from the pathological lesions characteristic of @entity3673 . Complaints of cough and phlegm production appear as a rule later in the coalminer's life. In the groups taken into consideration in the study they were linked with cigarette smoking which appeared as the predominant aetiological factor for these complaints; in a subgroup a synergic action of coaldust, @entity286 use and air pollution could be discussed in this respect. Notwithstanding the pathogenic independence of some @entity1353 versus cough and expectoration, it is quite clear that when productive @entity3617 develops and causes broncho-obstruction, it may aggravate pre-existing dyspneic patterns.

title: Contribution to the natural history of chronic XXXX in coal-miners.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['simple pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['dyspnea complaints', 'Dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Sleep deprivation is a growing public health hazard, yet it is still under-recognized. @entity25 and @entity25 patterns may compromise the immune function and adversely affect host resistance to @entity166 . This is a particular risk in @entity5 @entity1 , who report a high frequency of @entity25 . The present study investigated the effects of @entity1949 on the development of Ehrlich @entity5 (EAT) in female BALB/c @entity19 . Our study also evaluated whether EAT would induce alterations in sleep pattern. Spleen lymphocyte cell populations and mortality were also quantified. METHODS: Female BALB/c @entity19 were intraperitoneally inoculated with EAT cells. Immediately after the inoculation procedure, animals were sleep deprived for 72 h. Ten or 15 days after inoculation, the number of tumoral cells was quantified and the lymphocytic cell population in the spleen was characterized by flow cytometry. In addition, the effect of @entity1949 on EAT-induced mortality was quantified and the influence of EAT on sleep patterns was determined. RESULTS: Sleep deprivation did not potentiate EAT growth, but it significantly increased mortality. Additionally, both @entity8270 decreased frequencies of splenic @entity1961 +, CD8+ and CD19+ cells. With respect to sleep patterns, EAT significantly enhanced paradoxical sleep time. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1949 did not potentiate EAT growth, it decreased the survival of female @entity5 -bearing @entity19 .

title: Sleep deprivation increases mortality in female @entity19 bearing Ehrlich ascitic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ascitic tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disorders', 'disruption of sleep', 'sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['EAT and sleep deprivation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']