abstract: @entity12047 is endemic throughout Tunisia and @entity2328 has previously been reported as the cause of two cases of @entity1 @entity4281 in the north-west of the country. The aim of the present study was to screen wild carnivores from the north-western Jendouba governorate and semi-stray @entity235 from the Siliana and Sejnane regions of northern Tunisia for these two zoonotic cestodes. The results of the coproscopy, coproELISA and coproPCR that were undertaken were compared with those of necropsy, where possible. Overall, 111 faecal samples (51 from wild carnivores and 60 from stray @entity235 ) were tested by coproELISA for @entity2328 antigen and by coproPCR for @entity12047 and @entity2328 species-specific DNA. All 60 @entity235 and seven of the wild carnivores were necropsied. Eleven (18.4%) of the @entity235 and one golden jackal (Canis aureus) were found positive for @entity12047 at necropsy. The jackal was found to be carrying 72 @entity12047 tapeworms, which were confirmed to be of the common @entity742 - @entity235 (G1) genotype. Faecal samples from 10 (19.6%) of the wild carnivores--putatively, four golden jackals, two red foxes ( @entity13616 atlantica), one hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) and three genets (Genetta genetta)--gave a positive result in the @entity2328 coproELISA. In the coproPCR-based follow-up, @entity12047 DNA was detected in faecal samples from five jackals, two foxes and six stray @entity235 . The DNA of @entity2328 was not, however, detected in any of the faecal samples investigated. This is the first report from Tunisia of (coproPCR-)confirmed @entity12047 infections in golden jackals and red foxes. The possible role of such wild hosts in the transmission of @entity12047 in Tunisia should be investigated further. The possibility of the active transmission of @entity2328 in Tunisia still remains an open question.

title: XXXX in the wild carnivores and stray @entity235 of northern Tunisia: the results of a pilot survey.

entities_list: @entity13616 :: ('9627', 'Species') :: ['Vulpes vulpes']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['E. granulosus', 'Echinococcus granulosus']

entities_list: @entity2328 :: ('6211', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus', 'E. multilocularis']

entities_list: @entity4281 :: ('MESH:C536591', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar echinococcosis']

answer: @entity2328 :: (6211,Species) :: ['Echinococcus']


abstract: According to the WHO, 16-18 million @entity1 in Central and South America are infected by @entity1527 . @entity1318 affects between 7.1% and 10.6% of the population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Botox injections in the clinical response and esophageal function of @entity1 with @entity1282 due to chagasic @entity1318 . In total, 24 symptomatic @entity1 with chagasic @entity1318 were randomly chosen to receive Botulinum Toxin (BT) or saline injected by endoscopy in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). @entity1 were monitored with a clinical score of @entity1282 and an objective assessment (esophagograms, scintillography, manometry, and nutritional assessment) for a period of 6 months. Clinical improvement of @entity1282 was statistically significant (P < 0.001) in @entity1 receiving BT when compared with the placebo. There was no significant difference in the placebo group regarding clinical score, LES basal pressure and esophageal emptying time. Esophageal emptying time in the toxin group was significantly lower than in the placebo (P=0.04) after 90 days. There were non-significant increases in esophageal emptying of 25.36% and 17.39%, respectively, at 90 and 180 days, in the BT group (P=0.266). Gender, age, and baseline LES pressure did not influence the response to BT. Our data strongly suggests that intrasphincteric injection of BT in LES is clinically effective in the treatment of chagasic @entity1318 .

title: Intrasphincteric botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of chagasic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['Chagasic achalasia', 'achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: @entity2414 is a prominent defining feature of @entity195 ( @entity195 ), yet the degree to which the profile of @entity2414 is uniform across @entity1 is not fully resolved. The study examined patterns of @entity2414 in a large cohort of @entity195 @entity1 , with particular attention to the relationship between working and long-term declarative memory. @entity2414 were administered to 67 @entity195 @entity1 in the early to moderate stages of disease and to 30 age-matched controls. Performance on all measures was significantly poorer in @entity1 than in controls. Factor analysis of test scores delineated five factors representing the domains of working @entity2414 , indicating that these aspects of memory can break down separately. Cluster analysis revealed distinct memory profiles. Some @entity1 showed predominant problems in working memory, with relatively superior long term retention, whereas other @entity1 showed the reverse pattern. Qualitatively distinct profiles arose at comparable levels of severity. Problems in working memory, but not long term memory were associated with the presence of language and @entity51 . The results reinforce previous findings that both working and long term memory failure contribute to the memory symptoms of @entity195 @entity1 , and demonstrate dissociations in memory breakdown across the cohort. The link between working memory and language performance, together with findings of posterior hemisphere abnormalities on neuroimaging, lead us to reassess the nature of working @entity2414 in @entity195 .

title: Distinct memory profiles in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['perceptuospatial deficits']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory, visual recall, verbal recall, recognition, and personal memory', 'Memory impairment', 'memory deficits', 'memory impairment', 'Tests of working memory, visual and verbal recall and recognition, and recent personal memory']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Background: @entity5187 is characterised by CHD and @entity4218 . Mutations in @entity15775 gene, encoding the T-box transcription factor, are responsible for the development of @entity5187 , but such mutations are variably detected in 30-75% of @entity1 . Methods: Clinically diagnosed eight @entity5187 @entity1 from six families were evaluated the clinical characteristics, focusing on the cardiac manifestations, in particular, and molecular aetiologies. In addition to the investigation of the mutation of @entity15775 , @entity15693 , @entity21505 , and @entity15774 genes, which are known to regulate cardiac development by physically and functionally interacting with @entity15775 , were also analyzed. Multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was performed to detect exonic deletion and duplication mutations in these genes. Results: All included @entity1 showed @entity18975 and @entity3140 . Of the eight @entity1 , seven underwent cardiac surgery, and four suffered from @entity616 such as severe sinus @entity1168 and complete @entity713 . Although our @entity1 showed typical clinical findings of @entity5187 , only three distinct @entity15775 mutations were detected in three families: one nonsense, one splicing, and one missense mutation. No new mutations were identified by testing @entity15693 , @entity21505 , and @entity15774 genes. Conclusions: All @entity5187 @entity1 in this study showed @entity18975 . Half of them showed @entity15775 gene mutations. To understand the genetic causes for inherited CHD such as @entity5187 is helpful to take care of the @entity1 and their families. Further efforts with large-scale genomic research are required to identify genes responsible for cardiac manifestations or genotype-phenotype relation in @entity5187 .

title: Clinical and molecular characterisation of XXXX focusing on cardiac manifestations.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity18975 :: ('MESH:D006343', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac septal anomalies', 'cardiac septal defects']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb anomalies']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['conduction abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper-limb anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5187 :: ('MESH:C535326', 'Disease') :: ['Holt-Oram syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity5187 :: (MESH:C535326,Disease) :: ['Holt-Oram syndrome']


abstract: @entity4224 (L.) is the primary vector of @entity779 virus in the Philippines, where @entity779 is endemic. We examined the genetic changes of Ae. aegypti collected from three selected sites in Cebu city, Philippines, during the relatively wet (2011-2012) and dry seasons (2012 and 2013). A total of 493 Ae. aegypti adults, reared in the laboratory from field-collected larvae, were analyzed using 11 microsatellite loci. Seasonal variation was observed in allele frequencies and allelic richness. Average genetic differentiation (DEST=0.018; FST=0.029) in both dry seasons was higher, due to reduced @entity33548 , than in the wet season (DEST=0.006; FST=0.009). Thus, average gene flow was higher in the wet season than in the dry seasons. However, the overall FST estimate (0.02) inclusive of the two seasons showed little genetic differentiation as supported by Bayesian clustering analysis. Results suggest that during the dry season the intense selection that causes a dramatic reduction of population size favors heterozygotes, leading to small pockets of mosquitoes (refuges) that exhibit random genetic differentiation. During the wet season, the genetic composition of the population is reconstituted by the expansion of the refuges that survived the preceding dry season. Source reduction of mosquitoes during the nonepidemic dry season is thus recommended to prevent @entity779 re-emergence in the subsequent wet season.

title: Seasonal Genetic Changes of XXXX (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Selected Sites of Cebu City, Philippines.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: AIM: To describe the study protocol for a study of the effectiveness of an internet-based learning program on @entity3179 care (eVLU) in home health care. BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity3179 is increasing as population age. The majority of these @entity1 are treated in a municipal home healthcare setting. However, studies show nurses' lack of knowledge of @entity1066 nursing care. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study with pre- and postmeasurements and non-equivalent intervention and comparison groups. METHODS: During the study, nurses taking care of @entity1 with a chronic leg @entity1066 in home health care in one Finnish municipality will use the eVLU. Nurses working in home health care in another Finnish municipality will not use it providing standard care. Nurses will complete three questionnaires during the study and they will also be observed three times at @entity1 ' homes. Nurses' perceived and theoretical knowledge is the primary outcome of the study. Funding for this study was received from the Finnish Foundation for Nursing Education in 2014. DISCUSSION: Data from this study will provide information about the effectiveness of an internet-based educational program. After completing the program nurses will be accustomed to using internet-based resources that can aid them in the nursing care of @entity1 with a VLU. Nurses will also have better knowledge of VLU nursing care. This study is registered with the International Clinical Trials Registry, identifier NCT02224300.

title: Effectiveness of an internet-based learning program on XXXX care in home health care - study protocol.

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcer nursing', 'venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcer nursing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As proxies for local and remote @entity63 preconditioning, we examined whether preinfarction @entity951 and @entity613 influenced mortality following @entity583 . METHODS: Using medical registries, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study of all first-time @entity583 @entity1 in Denmark during 2004-2012 (n=70,458). We computed all-cause and coronary mortality rate ratios (MRRs). We categorized time between @entity951 /claudication presentation and subsequent @entity583 as 0-14, 15-30, 31-90, and >90days. We adjusted for age, sex, coronary intervention, comorbidities, and medication use. RESULTS: Among all @entity583 @entity1 , 18.4% had prior @entity951 and 3.8% had prior @entity613 . Compared to @entity1 without prior @entity951 , the adjusted 30-day coronary MRR was 0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80-0.92) for stable and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.58-0.79) for @entity1459 @entity1 . The mortality reduction increased when @entity951 presented close to @entity583 and was higher for unstable than for stable @entity951 . Thus, the 30-day coronary MRR was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.51-1.02) for stable @entity951 and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.17-0.73) for @entity1459 presenting within 14days before MI. The results were robust for all-cause mortality and in numerous subgroups, including @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity1 treated with PCI, and @entity1 treated with and without cardioprotective drugs. Preinfarction @entity613 was associated with higher short- and long-term mortality compared to @entity1 without @entity613 . CONCLUSIONS: Preinfarction @entity951 reduced 30-day mortality, particularly when @entity1459 closely preceded MI. Preinfarction @entity613 was associated with increased short- and long-term mortality.

title: Time-dependent effect of preinfarction @entity951 and @entity613 on mortality following XXXX : A Danish nationwide cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Typically @entity6675 is considered an isolated @entity600 ; however, other major @entity600 are reported to occur in 5-35% of cases depending on inclusion criteria. This study evaluated the associated @entity600 , small for gestational age, and survival among a clinically well-characterized population-based @entity6675 cohort, delivered from 1997-2011. We used data from Utah's statewide population-based surveillance system, which monitors major structural @entity600 among all pregnancy outcomes (i.e., live births, stillbirths, pregnancy terminations, and @entity2208 ). Of the initial 387 @entity6675 cases, we excluded 51 (13.2%) for the following reasons: inadequately described or macerated fetuses, part of a specific @entity600 complex or sequence (limb-body wall complex, @entity18348 , or a severe form of abdominoschisis), leaving a study sample of 336 clinically confirmed cases. @entity6675 was isolated non-syndromic in 284 cases (84.5%). One case was syndromic (trisomy 16; 0.3%) and the remaining 51 (15.2%) were classified as multiple: one unrelated major @entity600 (27; 52.9%); two or more unrelated major @entity600 or one major with @entity156 or mild @entity600 (6; 11.8%); >=  one distinctive minor @entity154 or mild @entity600 (13; 25.5%); amyoplasia (5; 1.5%). Of the liveborn @entity1 , 63.3% were preterm (delivered at <37 weeks of gestation) and 21.8% were small for gestational age (SGA). SGA was more common in males (38.8%) than females (16%) (P   =   0.008). Overall first year survival was high (95.6%); however, preterm @entity1 with @entity8593 had the highest mortality (13.8%). The high proportion of isolated cases (84.5%) in @entity6675 is similar to that observed in many other phenotypes and not unique to @entity6675 . Because one in every six @entity1 with @entity6675 had a major unrelated @entity600 , additional @entity600 should be sought in every newborn with @entity6675 . @entity1 mortality was low overall but still a significant concern in affected preterm @entity1 with associated @entity8593 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Clinical presentation and survival in a population-based cohort of XXXX with @entity6675 in Utah, 1997-2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriages']

entities_list: @entity18348 :: ('MESH:C531614', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic band sequence']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple minor anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect', 'malformations', 'malformation', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroschisis', 'gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity8593 :: ('MESH:D007409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital intestinal atresia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that @entity4150 ( @entity4150 ) can act on several immune cells as well as residential cells. But little is known about their role in modulating eosinophil function via activation of high-affinity receptors. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess whether eosinophils express functional receptors and if their function is influenced by @entity4150 , @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) or @entity19562 (NT-3). METHODS: Eosinophils were purified by negative immunoselection (purity > 96%). High-affinity neurotrophin receptors were demonstrated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and flow-cytometry analysis. Functionality of receptors was demonstrated by receptor phosphorylation after ligand binding. Eosinophils were incubated with @entity4150 , @entity2252 and NT-3, and cells and supernatants were collected for measurement of the mediators @entity3646 , @entity225 , @entity687 , @entity2533 , eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), @entity29074 ( @entity29074 ) as well as eosinophil viability. RESULTS: Eosinophils expressed mRNA for neurotrophin receptors. Proteins were detectable by western blot and fluorescent-activated cell sorter analysis. The receptors were phosphorylated after stimulation with neurotrophins. After @entity4150 stimulation, a significant increase in @entity3646 was detectable. @entity2252 and NT-3 stimulation led to a significant increase in @entity29074 . Eosinophil viability was not influenced. CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophils express the functionally active receptors @entity2250 , @entity12715 and @entity13820 . Receptor activation stimulates eosinophils. This might be an additional pathway regulating inflammatory responses in @entity56 .

title: Activation of the specific neurotrophin receptors @entity2250 , XXXX and @entity13820 influences the function of eosinophils.

entities_list: @entity29074 :: ('8288', 'Gene') :: ['EPX', 'eosinophil protein X']

entities_list: @entity4150 :: ('4803', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor', 'NGF']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

answer: @entity12715 :: (4915,Gene) :: ['TrkB']


abstract: This retrospective study was performed to analyze the long-term outcome of topical corticosteroid treatment for severe @entity936 associated with @entity244 ( @entity244 ). @entity1 who had severe @entity936 associated with @entity244 were topically treated with @entity3748 0.5% (group A, n=66) or @entity11074 0.1% (group B, n=67) twice daily and were followed up for 2 years. Visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), Schirmer test, tear film breakup time (BUT), keratoepitheliopathy, and symptom scores were measured at baseline and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after treatment. VA and IOP were not changed significantly during follow-up in either group. Schirmer test results, keratoepitheliopathy, and symptom scores at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months (p<0.05) and tear film BUT at 12, 18, and 24 months (p<0.05) significantly improved after treatment compared with baseline in both groups. No significant differences between the groups were found in any parameter during follow-up. At 24 months, the number of @entity1 with IOP elevation of more than 2 mmHg compared with baseline was 4 in group A (6.1%) and 9 in group B (13.4%). The mean IOP in these @entity1 was lower in group A than in group B (15.00  0.82 mmHg versus 16.50  1.12 mmHg; p=0.04). Long-term application of low-dose topical @entity288 is effective for controlling signs and symptoms of chronic, severe @entity936 associated with @entity244 . @entity3748 0.5% may have a lower risk for IOP elevation than @entity11074 0.1%.

title: Long-Term Outcome of Treatment with Topical Corticosteroids for Severe XXXX Associated with Sj  gren's Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11074 :: ('MESH:D005469', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorometholone']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity3748 :: ('MESH:C063378', 'Chemical') :: ['loteprednol etabonate', 'Loteprednol etabonate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['Dry Eye']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extraocular muscle (EOM) injury is a rare but serious complication of @entity50 ( @entity50 ). The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and course of @entity121 occurring during @entity50 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Medical records and CT images of @entity1 who suffered from @entity121 after @entity50 between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 demographics, endoscopic anatomy, type of surgery (primary or revision), predisposing risk factors, site and extent of injury on CT imaging, and associated complications were evaluated. In addition, data regarding ophthalmologic management and clinical outcomes were collected. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 with @entity121 after @entity50 were included in this study. One @entity1 was undergoing revision @entity50 . All @entity1 sustained medial rectus @entity121 and one @entity1 suffered concurrent @entity7733 . A microdebrider was used in nine cases. Right-sided injury (90% of @entity1 ) was more prevalent than left-sided injury, and 70% of injured medial rectus muscles were completely transected. After subsequent strabismus surgery, 8/9 @entity1 regained binocular single vision in primary gaze despite residual @entity892 in some gaze positions. CONCLUSION: Although proper ophthalmologic surgery after @entity121 may improve deviation in the primary gaze position, none of the @entity1 regained normal EOM movement. Therefore, prevention of this complication through adequate surgical technique and precautions is important.

title: Extraocular @entity121 during XXXX : a series of 10 cases at a single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['EOM injuries', 'muscle injury', 'EOM injury']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['ESS', 'endoscopic sinus surgery']

entities_list: @entity7733 :: ('MESH:D058494', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral inferior rectus muscle injury']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['endoscopic sinus surgery']


abstract: The significance of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ) remains discussed. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical significance of permanent @entity955 in @entity1 with @entity1000 . METHODS: Systematic noninvasive and invasive studies including Holter monitoring, measurement of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), electrophysiological study and coronary angiography were performed in 323 @entity1 with @entity1000 ; all @entity1 had a @entity1002 ( @entity1002 )<40%. The studies were indicated for spontaneous @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in 69 @entity1 , @entity1163 in 103 @entity1 and nonsustained @entity1165 on Holter monitoring in 151 asymptomatic @entity1 . Sixty-five @entity1 were in permanent @entity955 (group I). Remaining @entity1 were in sinus rhythm at the time of evaluation (group II). Programmed ventricular stimulation using up to 3 extrastimuli in control state and if necessary after @entity3044 was systematic. @entity1 were followed 3+/-2 years. RESULTS: Mean age was significantly older in group I (61+/-8 years) than in group II (52+/-12) (P<0.01). @entity1163 (31 vs 36%), spontaneous sustained @entity1165 (18 vs 23%); mean @entity1002 (28+/-9% vs 29+/-9%), @entity1165 induction (25 vs 35%) were similar in both groups. During the follow-up, there were no statistical differences between groups I and II concerning each event: @entity944 occurred in 13 @entity1 , 1.5% of group I @entity1 and 5% of group II @entity1 ( @entity7031 ); a death related to @entity712 occurred 22 @entity1 , 5% of group I @entity1 and 7% of group II @entity1 ( @entity7031 ); heart transplantation was performed in 13 @entity1 , 8% of group I @entity1 and 3% of group II @entity1 ( @entity7031 ). CONCLUSIONS: An older age is the only significant clinical factor associated with the presence of a permanent @entity955 in @entity1000 . The presence of permanent @entity955 does not increase the induction of a sustained @entity1165 and does not affect the general prognosis of @entity1000 .

title: [Significance of permanent @entity955 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'IDCM']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity8184 is a common intestinal parasitic protist infecting birds and mammals. @entity8184 comprises at least 17 subtypes (ST), of which @entity28620 have been detected in @entity1 . Significant correlation between certain subtypes and pathogenicity remains to be established. Nevertheless, some studies suggest a potential linkage between subtypes (inter- and @entity1320 ) and clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to identify intra-subtype genetic variation of subtypes of @entity8184 submitted by diarrheic and non-diarrheic @entity1 . A 550-bp fragment of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal rRNA gene was amplified from 58 culture-positive samples isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic Iranian @entity1 . PCR products were sequenced and sequences subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Intra-and inter-subtype variation was calculated. Based on comparison with reference sequences in GenBank, @entity28620 , @entity8389 and @entity49155 were found in 18 (31.03%), 21 (36.22%), and 19 (32.75%) of the samples, respectively. Diarrheic stools were observed in eight (44.44%), 10 (47.61%), and nine (47.36%) @entity1 with @entity28620 , @entity8389 , and @entity49155 , respectively. No statistically significant correlation was found between subtypes and @entity294 (P=1.000). Multiple sequence alignment exhibited a within-subtype similarity of 98.76%, 97.17%, and 99.78% in @entity28620 , @entity8389 , and @entity49155 , respectively. Highest similarity was seen among @entity49155 isolates, while lowest similarity was seen among @entity8389 isolates. Phylogenetic analysis did not suggest any correlation between @entity294 and @entity1320 . Inter- and @entity1320 in SSU rRNA gene appears not to reflect differences in the clinical outcome of @entity8184 carriage.

title: Inter- and XXXX of @entity8184 subtypes isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic @entity1 in Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8184 :: ('MESH:D016776', 'Disease') :: ['Blastocystis in stools samples', 'Blastocystis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-subtype variation']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intra-subtype variation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Esophageal @entity1146 is known to be associated with a variety of additional @entity154 in multiple organ systems. Persistent @entity4264 is one of the most common @entity1211 , occurring in about 0,3% of the population. The aim of this study was to characterize persistent @entity4264 in @entity1 treated in Hospital Dona Estefa  nia with @entity1152 . Methods: A retrospective review of all @entity1 treated for @entity1152 from January 2002 to December 2013 was undertaken. Charts were reviewed for gestational age, weight, type of @entity1146 , preoperative echocardiogram, associated anomalies, surgical approach, eventual postoperative echocardiogram and angioresonance for the study of @entity154 . Results: Of 107 @entity1 , five had persistent @entity4264 . Of the five cases, one had prenatal diagnosis. Further investigation showed @entity15960 in one, @entity600 , @entity4643 and @entity2169 in other. All five @entity1 were operated on through right thoracotomy and primary @entity254 was performed after ligation of the @entity1727 and underwent angioresonance to characterize the @entity455 . No operative or post-operative complications were registered. Conclusions: Inspite of the preoperative @entity154 was only identified in one of the @entity1 . Generally, diagnosis of PLSVC is incidentally found during routine left-sided central venous catheterizations. It is essential to characterize the pattern of cardiac venous return that places those @entity1 at a risk for @entity2121 to the arterial system.

title: [Persistence of @entity4264 associated to XXXX : Presenta- tion of 5 cases.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital venous anomaly', 'workup, the anomaly', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['left superior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['trachea-esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['urologic malformation']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral ear deformities']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thoracic anomaly']

entities_list: @entity15960 :: ('MESH:C535720', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal atresia']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: The authors present a retrospective analysis of 59 @entity511 @entity1 treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital during the period 1981 to 1993. 31 @entity1 were admitted with untouched @entity5 , seven after fine needle cytology and 20 after open biopsy or partial excision. One @entity1 had recurrent @entity66 . Only 20% of the @entity5 were of high grade @entity5 . 51 @entity1 were treated by surgery. Reconstructions were performed in 16 @entity1 , using allografts or endoprostheses. Amputations were performed in six cases and wide excision in 12 cases. In these 18 @entity1 local recurrence appeared in one case, and two developed lung metastases. Only one of the 18 @entity1 operated by amputation or wide excision has since died from @entity511 . Marginal excisions were performed in 26 cases. Nine of these @entity1 developed a local recurrence, five developed metastases and three have died. Six @entity1 had partial excisions. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to one @entity1 only. Five of the six are alive. In one case, the quality of the margins could not be evaluated. A total of 45 of the 51 @entity1 treated for the primary @entity5 by surgery are alive. The median observation time is four years. Treatment of nonmetastatic @entity511 should be surgical. @entity511 @entity1 show wider variations in age, localization of @entity5 and @entity5 growth rate than @entity1 with other @entity79 . Although wide excisions provide the best local control of any grade of @entity5 , the mutilation or risk involved may be so great that some @entity1 may benefit from marginal or even partial excision.

title: [Treatment of XXXX . A retrospective study at the Norwegian Radium Hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'Chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9066 in @entity1 is a self-limited condition that may interfere with walking and physical performance in sports, thus causing concern to the @entity1 and parents. There is still controversy about the significance of the radiographic changes in @entity1 with @entity158 , since the report of Sever in 1912. One of the reasons is that normal @entity1 may display a considerable variation in the radiographic aspects of the secondary ossification center of the calcaneus at different ages. METHODS: In this investigation, the developmental aspects of primary and secondary ossification centers of the calcaneus were studied in radiographs obtained from healthy @entity1 and from @entity1 with @entity9066 . The normal population comprised 392 @entity1 and adolescents ranging in age from 6 to 15 years. There were 69 individuals with @entity9066 ranging in age from 8 to 14 years. Lateral standard radiographs were obtained of both heels, and a @entity920 step wedge was used as a calibration to determine bone density. The following parameters were analyzed on the plain films: time of appearance, fusion and number of fragments of the secondary nucleus, area and bone densitometry of the primary and secondary ossification centers of the calcaneus. RESULTS: In the normal population, the ossification of the secondary nucleus began at 7 years of age, and at 15 years of age, the nucleus was fused in all individuals. In the apophysitis group, the secondary ossification center was present and not fused in all individuals. Both secondary nuclei increased in size with age with no difference between the two groups. Regarding bone density, both the primary and secondary nuclei were less dense in the apophysitis group than their counterparts in the normal population. The most significant difference between the two populations referred to the degree of @entity1949 , which was greater in the apophysitis group. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the @entity3808 aspect of the secondary nucleus of the calcaneus is a normal feature and, therefore, should not be used to establish the diagnosis of @entity195 . The most consistent difference between the normal and apophysitis group was related to the more fragmented aspect of the secondary nucleus in the latter individuals, which may suggest a mechanical etiology for that condition.

title: XXXX : a quantitative radiographic evaluation of the secondary ossification center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['Calcaneal apophysitis', 'calcaneal apophysitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['heel pain']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Sever's disease"]

answer: @entity9066 :: (MESH:D036982,Disease) :: ['Calcaneal apophysitis']


abstract: We investigated the antiischemic and antiarrhythmic effects of @entity62799 in @entity4485 -anesthetized, open-chest @entity95 subjected to 10 min regional @entity741 and 20 min reperfusion, using two experimental protocols. In the first, @entity62799 (0.02-0.16 mg/kg) was administered as a bolus intravenous (i.v.) injection 5 min before ligation of a branch of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX); in the second, the drug, at the highest dose studied (0.16 mg/kg), was injected by the same route during @entity63 , 5 min after coronary artery ligation. @entity63 -induced ST segment increase and reperfusion-induced @entity943 were determined in lead II of the four-limb ECG. Mean carotid arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) were also measured. When given before @entity63 , @entity62799 dose-dependently prevented @entity63 -induced ST segment increase and reperfusion @entity943 . The antiischemic and antiarrhythmic dose-response curves were superimposable, suggesting a common mechanism of action. @entity62799 (0.16 mg/kg) fully attenuated @entity63 -induced ST segment shift and @entity943 on reperfusion. These protective effects were not associated with systemic @entity551 or @entity1168 . When high-dose @entity62799 (0.16 mg/kg) was given during @entity63 , ST segment shift and @entity943 on reperfusion were not attenuated. The results strongly suggest that @entity62799 affords protection against the deleterious effects of moderate @entity63 by mechanisms not associated with an indirect reduction of cardiac work. @entity62799 may elicit cardioprotection directly in ischemic tissue.

title: Attenuation by @entity62799 , a novel cytoprotective drug, of regional XXXX - and reperfusion-induced electrocardiographic disturbances in anesthetized @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ) acts as an osteoclast activator, a proinflammatory cytokine, and a chemokine attracting histiocytes/monocytes and is abundantly expressed in @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ). We investigated whether serum @entity1096 levels are related to disease types in @entity1222 . Fifty-eight newly diagnosed @entity1222 @entity1 were studied; eight with risk organ (liver, spleen and/or hematopoietic) involvements positive multisystem ( @entity15 +) disease, 27 with risk organ involvement negative multisystem ( @entity15 -) disease and 23 with @entity262 ( @entity262 ) disease. Pediatric @entity1 with @entity32 (n=27) were used as controls. All of @entity1 with @entity15 + disease were younger than 3 years. Serum @entity1096 levels and 44 kinds of humoral factors were measured by ELISA and Bio-Plex suspension array system, respectively. In the @entity1 younger than 3 years, the median serum @entity1096 level (interquartile range) was 240.3ng/ml (137.6-456.0) in @entity15 + (n=8); 92.7ng/ml (62.0-213.8) in @entity15 - (n=14) and 72.5ng/ml (55.6-94.0) in @entity262 (n=9) and 74.4ng/ml (42.2-100.0) in control (n=12). The @entity1096 values were significantly higher in the @entity15 + group than the @entity15 -, @entity262 and control groups (p=0.044, p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively), but not different between the @entity15 -, @entity262 and control groups. In the @entity1 older than 3 years, the median level of serum @entity1096 (IQR) was 56.2ng/ml (22.9-77.5) in @entity15 - (n=13), 58.9ng/ml (31.0-78.7) in @entity262 (n=14) and 41.9 (28.9-54.1) in control (n=15). These values did not differ significantly between each group. The serum @entity1096 levels were positively correlated with the serum @entity650 , @entity2842 , @entity8923 , @entity687 and @entity1199 receptor concentration. @entity1096 may be involved in risk organ dissemination and poor prognosis of @entity1222 through the function as inflammatory cytokine/chemokine.

title: High serum XXXX levels in pediatric @entity1 with high risk @entity1222 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis', 'LCH']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['single system', 'SS']

answer: @entity1096 :: (6696,Gene) :: ['osteopontin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Spasticity and @entity1931 are major sequelae that affect the quality of life and daily activities of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) @entity1 . Although rehabilitation ameliorates @entity508 and @entity1931 , the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes remain elusive. Objective. To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which rehabilitation ameliorates @entity508 and @entity1931 after @entity1566 in @entity35 . Methods. The expression levels of @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) and @entity972 - @entity2865 cotransporter-2 ( @entity26677 ), as well as the localization of @entity26677 , were examined in the lumbar enlargements of untrained and treadmill-trained thoracic @entity1566 model @entity35 . Spasticity and @entity1931 were determined via behavioral and electrophysiological analyses. The effects of @entity2136 on @entity508 , @entity1931 , and @entity26677 activation were determined by inhibition of @entity2136 signaling via intrathecal administration of @entity10864 -IgG. The effects of @entity1566 and training on the expression levels of functional phospholipase C-y in the lumbar enlargement were also examined. Results. Treadmill training after @entity1566 upregulated endogenous @entity2136 expression and posttranslational modification of @entity26677 in the lumbar enlargement significantly. There were also significant correlations between increased @entity26677 expression and ameliorated @entity508 and @entity1931 . Administration of @entity10864 -IgG abrogated the training-induced upregulation of @entity26677 and beneficial effects on @entity508 and @entity1931 . The expression level of functional phospholipase C-y was reduced significantly after @entity1566 , which may have contributed to the change in the function of @entity2136 , whereby it did not trigger short-term downregulation or induce long-term upregulation of @entity26677 expression secondary to training. Conclusions. @entity2136 -mediated restoration of @entity26677 expression underlies the suppression of @entity508 and @entity1931 caused by rehabilitation.

title: @entity2136 Induced by Treadmill Training Contributes to the Suppression of Spasticity and Allodynia After @entity1566 via Upregulation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity26677 :: (171373(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['KCC2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To experimentally clarify the symptomatological and pathophysiological aspects of a newly proposed clinical entity, we produced an experimental @entity35 " @entity304 complex" model. METHODS: A total of 60 male @entity35 were used. Twenty @entity35 were treated with only @entity4563 as controls. Hemiparkinsonism was induced in the other 40 @entity35 by stereotactic injection of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) directly into the right substantia nigra. Twenty of these 40 @entity35 were then treated with an injection of @entity4563 into the cisterna magna 3 days after the induction of @entity304 . Neurological features were assessed weekly for 1 to 6 weeks after @entity2955 injection by an @entity3826 -induced turning test. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 25% in the @entity35 injected with @entity4563 and 10% in those with the @entity2955 injection. The frequency of the induction of @entity304 -like signs was minimal in the first 2 weeks and reached a maximum point 4 weeks after the @entity2955 injection. In contrast, the @entity35 injected with both @entity2955 and @entity4563 developed hemiparkinsonism-like signs in the early stage of the progression of @entity1276 , and the peak incidence was reached in the 2nd week after induction ( p<0.05 compared with the @entity2955 group). The severity of the neurological disturbance was also significantly more prominent in the latter group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the hydrodynamic effect in the early period of ventriculomegaly is the mechanism for signs of @entity304 in @entity2955 -treated @entity35 . It could be concluded that the hydrocephalic state aggravates @entity304 , if any as the associated condition, and it may be a new clinical entity of @entity1276 symptomatology with a specific pathophysiology.

title: " @entity304 complex": progressive XXXX as a factor affecting extrapyramidal tract disorder-an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus-parkinsonism', 'parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcome of @entity739 and to elucidate the differences in the outcome related to the timing of @entity1545 . STUDY DESIGN: Medical records of 60 @entity1 who were followed regularly for more than seven years were reviewed. The following clinical features were assessed: onset, @entity410 evolution, electroencephalography and intelligence. Those variables were compared among five groups: cryptogenic, prenatal, preterm, term, and postnatal groups. RESULTS: The onset ages of the postnatal group were later than those of the others (P<.05). The relapse after adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy of the preterm group was the earliest among the groups (P<.05). Regarding encelphalography, the ratio of @entity1 with focal discharges was higher in the postnatal group than in the prenatal group (P<.05). The ratios of @entity1 in whom @entity1625 developed were higher in the term and postnatal group than in the cryptogenic and prenatal group (P<.05). The term group showed similar characteristics to those of the postnatal group. Seven of the 60 had normal intelligence, including three @entity1 with @entity2916 . CONCLUSION: The diverse outcomes of @entity739 depending on etiology seemed to be related to the timing of @entity1545 and brain development.

title: Long-term follow-up study of XXXX : Differences of outcome among symptomatic etiologies.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['West syndrome']


abstract: The clinical usefulness of trastuzumab (Herceptin; Genentech, San Francisco, CA) in @entity0 treatment is limited by the rapid development of resistance. We previously reported that @entity442 signaling confers resistance to the growth-inhibitory actions of trastuzumab in a model system, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. We used SKBR3/neo cells (expressing few @entity442 receptors) and SKBR3/ @entity2856 cells (overexpressing @entity2856 ) as our experimental model. @entity442 antagonized the trastuzumab-induced increase in the level of the Cdk inhibitor @entity993 ( @entity13525 ). This resulted in decreased association of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) with @entity15308 , restoration of @entity15308 activity and attenuation of cell-cycle arrest in G(1) phase, all of which had been induced by trastuzumab treatment in SKBR3/ @entity2856 cells. We also found that the decrease in @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) induced by @entity442 was accompanied by an increase in expression of @entity20127 , which is a ubiquitin ligase for @entity993 ( @entity13525 ), and by increased @entity20127 association with @entity993 ( @entity13525 ). A specific proteasome inhibitor (LLnL) completely blocked the ability of @entity442 to reduce the @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) protein level, while @entity442 increased @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) ubiquitination. This suggests that the action of @entity442 in conferring resistance to trastuzumab involves targeting of @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) to the ubiquitin/proteasome degradation machinery. Finally, specific inhibitors of MAPK and @entity10412 suggest that the @entity442 -mediated reduction in @entity993 ( @entity13525 ) protein level by increased degradation predominantly involves the @entity10412 pathway. Our results provide an example of resistance to an antineoplastic therapy that targets one @entity669 kinase receptor by increased signal transduction through an alternative pathway in a complex regulatory network.

title: Molecular mechanisms underlying XXXX -induced attenuation of the growth-inhibitory activity of trastuzumab (Herceptin) on SKBR3 @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: INTRODUCTION and objective. In spite of the advances made over the past two decades in neuro anesthesia, neuro radiology and neurosurgical microsurgery, @entity1653 of the base of the skull are still a challenge in the field of neurosurgery. In this paper we describe the clinical and surgical characteristics of @entity1653 of the middle fossa and our experience in their surgical treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS. We describe 24 @entity1 who were operated on consecutively for @entity1653 of the temporal fossa, lesser wing of the sphenoid and cavernous sinus and the surgical results obtained. RESULTS and conclusions. The results obtained included: 1. Predominance of @entity1 for all sites. 2. Age was not a decisive factor when deciding whether to operate or not. 3. The average period between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was two years. 4. In most cases resection of the @entity5 was total, as confirmed on macroscopy studies. 5. There was a significant increase on the Kamofsky scale postoperatively whatever the site of the @entity5 resected. 6. The @entity5 of the cavernous sinus were technically the most difficult to resect surgically. 7. The size of the @entity5 worsened the preoperative clinical condition and postoperative morbidity.

title: [Clinical and surgical aspects of @entity1653 at the base of the skull. II. XXXX of the middle fossa].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Meningiomas']


abstract: Several features common to a Western lifestyle, including @entity28 and low levels of physical activity, are known risk factors for @entity1820 . There is substantial evidence suggesting that diet markedly affects the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Moreover, there is now unequivocal evidence linking @entity6636 to @entity5 development. However, the mechanisms by which high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated changes in the microbial community affect the severity of tumorigenesis in the gut remain to be determined. Here we demonstrate that an HFD promotes @entity5 progression in the small intestine of genetically susceptible, @entity11518 (G12Dint), @entity19 independently of @entity28 . HFD consumption, in conjunction with @entity11518 mutation, mediated a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota, and this shift was associated with a decrease in Paneth-cell-mediated antimicrobial host defence that compromised dendritic cell recruitment and MHC class II molecule presentation in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. When @entity4876 was administered to HFD-fed @entity11518 (G12Dint) @entity19 , dendritic cell recruitment in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues was normalized, and @entity5 progression was attenuated. Importantly, deficiency in @entity5001 , a signalling adaptor for pattern recognition receptors and Toll-like receptors, blocked @entity5 progression. The transfer of faecal samples from HFD-fed @entity19 with @entity5 to healthy adult @entity11518 (G12Dint) @entity19 was sufficient to transmit disease in the absence of an HFD. Furthermore, treatment with antibiotics completely blocked HFD-induced @entity5 progression, suggesting that distinct shifts in the microbiota have a pivotal role in aggravating disease. Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the reciprocal interaction between host and environmental factors in selecting a microbiota that favours @entity105 , and they suggest that tumorigenesis is transmissible among genetically predisposed individuals.

title: High-fat-diet-mediated @entity6636 promotes @entity105 independently of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumours', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: It is generally believed that increase in adult contractile cardiac mass can be accomplished only by @entity1184 of existing myocytes. Documentation of myocardial regeneration in acute stress has challenged this dogma and led to the proposition that myocyte renewal is fundamental to cardiac homeostasis. Here we report that in @entity1 @entity472 , increased cardiac mass results from a combination of myocyte @entity1184 and @entity1373 . Intense new myocyte formation results from the differentiation of stem-like cells committed to the myocyte lineage. These cells express stem cell markers and telomerase. Their number increased >13-fold in @entity472 . The finding of cell clusters with stem cells making the transition to cardiogenic and myocyte precursors, as well as very primitive myocytes that turn into terminally differentiated myocytes, provides a link between cardiac stem cells and myocyte differentiation. Growth and differentiation of these primitive cells was markedly enhanced in @entity1184 , consistent with activation of a restricted number of stem cells that, through symmetrical cell division, generate asynchronously differentiating progeny. These clusters strongly support the existence of cardiac stem cells that amplify and commit to the myocyte lineage in response to increased workload. Their presence is consistent with the notion that myocyte @entity1373 significantly contributes to @entity1283 and accounts for the subpopulation of cycling myocytes.

title: Intense myocyte formation from cardiac stem cells in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the potential impact on clinical MRI practice in the UK of the European Union (EU) Physical Agents Directive (PAD) on @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ). There is evidence that the exposure limit values contained in the PAD will make it impossible for members of staff to stand close to the magnet during scanning; currently this is common practice in order to provide care and support for vulnerable @entity1 . Interventional MR procedures will also be impossible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Members of the British Association of MR Radiographers (BAMRR) were sent a questionnaire to assess the impact of the PAD and related safety issues. RESULTS: A total of 25% of responding sites have at least one sedation/general anesthesia (GA) session per week, while only 3% reported any interventional practice. A total of 29% of respondents reported that operators give a bolus injection by hand during contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) scans. Overall it is estimated that 3% of all MR examinations in the UK are performed with a staff member in the magnet room. Some of these examinations would be impossible without staff in the room and it would be necessary for @entity1 to have computed tomography (CT) instead of MRI. The additional radiation dose of substituting CT for MRI is estimated at 224 @entity1 -sievert per year. CONCLUSION: While the financial costs of implementing the PAD ( @entity2194 ) are relatively low, the social costs are difficult to quantify but potentially more alarming.

title: British Association of MR Radiographers (BAMRR) safety survey 2005: potential impact of European Union (EU) Physical Agents Directive (PAD) on XXXX ( @entity2194 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['electromagnetic fields', 'EMF']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['electromagnetic fields']


abstract: It is believed @entity528 begins in the disc, where desiccation and collapse lead to instability and compensatory facet @entity4040 . We explored the contrary contention that facet degeneration precedes @entity1797 by examining 647 skeletal lumbar spines. Using facet @entity28489 as a measure of facet @entity528 as a measure of @entity1797 , we assumed @entity79 in both locations equally reflected the progression of those in the soft tissues. We graded @entity4040 Grade 0 to 4 on a continuum from no @entity625 to @entity3947 . The data were analyzed for different age groups to examine patterns of degeneration with age. Specimens younger than 30 years of age had a higher prevalence of facet @entity28489 compared with @entity14726 at L1-L2 and L2-L3. Specimens aged 30 to 39 years showed more facet @entity28489 than @entity28489 at L4-L5. Specimens older than 40 years, however, showed more @entity28489 compared with facet @entity28489 at all levels except L4-L5 and L5-S1. This skeletal study suggests facet @entity28489 appears early in the degenerative process, preceding @entity28489 of degenerating intervertebral discs. However, once facets begin deteriorating with age, @entity28489 overtakes continued facet @entity28489 . These data challenge the belief that facet @entity28489 follows @entity28489 ; rather, it appears @entity28489 progresses more rapidly in later years, but facet osteophotosis occurs early, predominating in younger individuals.

title: Does lumbar facet @entity4040 precede XXXX ? A postmortem study.

entities_list: @entity14726 :: ('MESH:C536816', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral rim osteophotosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity28489 :: ('MESH:D013128', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral rim osteophytosis', 'osteophytosis']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration and vertebral rim osteophytosis', 'lumbar degeneration']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The changing incidence of @entity385 is of major concern in view of its public health impact, to define the population concerned, to identify risk factors, and to set up health-care systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time trends associated with the incidence of all the subtypes of @entity385 and transient @entity63 attacks in a well-defined population for 10 years. METHODS: Since 1985, a population registry has recorded each @entity1 living in Dijon (France) who suffered from a @entity66 ( @entity66 ) regardless of the type of management. This study involved all @entity1 suffering from their first @entity385 and their first transient @entity63 attacks (TIAs) during 1 calendar year between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 1994. The incidence changes according to age, sex, and type of cerebral @entity63 event (cortico-subcortical @entity1188 , and @entity4905 ) were studied on the basis of their annual variations. RESULTS: During the 10-year study period, 834 cortico-subcortical @entity1188 (52.1%), 296 @entity1188 (18.5%), 369 TIAs (23.1%), and 101 undetermined @entity385 (6.3%) were collected. The incidence of all @entity63 events was relatively stable in both sexes over the 10-year period. However, the incidence rates differed according to age and type of @entity63 . An increased incidence of cerebral cortico-subcortical @entity1188 was observed in @entity1 older than 75 years of age (+5.45% annual change [AC] in @entity1 , P<0.05; +5. 09% AC in @entity1 , @entity7031 ). In parallel, a higher proportion of emboligenic @entity943 was observed in these @entity1 (P<0. 001). The incidence of @entity1188 tended to decrease, regardless of age but mainly in @entity1 under younger than 75 years of age (-12.74% AC in @entity1 , @entity7031 ; +0.31% AC in @entity1 , @entity7031 ). The incidence of TIAs was relatively stable in both sexes. Because our population consisted of a large number of elderly subjects, the @entity101 causes could partially explain the increased incidence of cerebral cortico-subcortical @entity1188 in @entity1 older than 75 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data emphasize the importance of @entity64 surveillance in considering the variations of the different mechanisms of @entity63 . Although the incidence of @entity4905 is stable and the incidence of lacunes tends to decrease in @entity1 , mainly before 75 years of age, we emphasize the rise of the crude incidence of cortico-subcortical @entity1188 in @entity1 older than 75 years of age, induced by an @entity101 causes.

title: Incidence trends of XXXX and transient @entity63 attacks in a well-defined French population from 1985 through 1994.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in cardioembolic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular disease', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct, lacunar infarct', 'lacunar infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged action potentials (APs) and decreased transient outward K+ currents (I(to)) are consistent findings in @entity1184 . However, the connection of these changes with @entity1283 is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of changes in I(to) and the associated alterations in AP on myocyte @entity1184 induced by @entity2647 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Chronic incubation of cultured neonatal ventricular @entity35 myocytes (NVRMs) with @entity2647 (PE) reduced I(to) density and prolonged AP duration, leading to a 2-fold increase in the net @entity141 influx per beat and a 1.4-fold increase in @entity141 -transient amplitude. PE treatment of chronically paced (2-Hz) NVRM also induced increases in cell size, protein/DNA ratio, @entity12579 mRNA expression, as well as beta/alpha myosin mRNA ratio. These @entity1184 changes were associated with a 2.4-fold increase in activation of @entity28630 ( @entity28630 ), indicating increased activity of the @entity141 -dependent phosphatase calcineurin. Overexpression of @entity26739 channels using adenovirus prevented the AP duration prolongation as well as the increases in @entity141 influx and @entity141 -transient amplitude induced by PE. @entity26739 overexpression also prohibited the PE-induced increases in cell size, protein/DNA ratio, @entity12579 expression, beta/alpha myosin mRNA ratio, and @entity28630 activation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that PE-mediated @entity1184 in NRVMs seems to require I(to) reductions and AP prolongation associated with increased @entity141 influx and @entity141 transients as well as calcineurin activation. The clinical implications of these studies and the possible involvement of other signaling pathways are discussed.

title: Prevention of @entity1184 by overexpression of XXXX in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic', 'hypertrophic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic factor']

entities_list: @entity28630 :: ('307820(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor of activated T-cells', 'NFAT']

answer: @entity26739 :: (65180(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Kv4.2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the roles of job demands, living conditions and lifestyle in @entity5281 . METHODS: The sample included 2,888 workers, aged > or =15 years, randomly selected from the north-eastern France. The subjects completed a mailed questionnaire. Data were analyzed with adjusted odds ratios (ORa) computed with the logistic model. RESULTS: In total, 9.2% of workers had an injury during the previous 2 years. The high job demands: tasks at height, handling objects, pneumatic tools, other vibrating hand tools, work in adverse climate, physical workload, vibrating platform, machine tools, cold, heat, awkward posture, noise, hammer, and pace had crude odds ratios between 1.81 and 5.25 for injury. A strong exposure-response relationship was found between the @entity14783 ( @entity14783 , defined by their number) and injury: OR 1.88 (95% CI 1.23-2.87) for CJD1, 4.39 (2.98-4.46) for CJD2-3, and 9.93 (6.70-14.7) for @entity14783 > or = 4, versus CJD0. These ORs decreased to 1.68, 3.70, and 7.15 respectively, when adjusted for sex, age, and living conditions/lifestyle confounders; and to 1.54, 2.99, and 5.45 respectively when also adjusted for job category. The following factors had significant ORa: age <30 years (1.54, 1.12-2.12), male (1.64, 1.18-2.30), smoking (1.60, 1.22-2.10), @entity85 (1.54, 1.17-2.04), and frequent drug use for @entity1295 (2.03, 1.17-3.53). The workmen, farmers/craftsmen/tradesmen, and foremen had a 5.7-8.7-fold while the clerks and technicians a 2.7-3.6-fold higher risk compared with upper class. The risk associated with @entity14783 was twofold higher among the workers aged > or =40 or with frequent drug use for @entity1295 compared with the others. Obesity had ORa 2.05 (1.11-3.78) among the subjects aged > or =40, and excess @entity167 use had ORa 2.44 (1.26-4.72) among those free of disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a wide range of job demands and living conditions/lifestyle which predicted injury. Preventive measures should be conducted to reduce job demands and to help workers to be aware of the risk and to improve their living conditions/lifestyle.

title: Associations of job, living conditions and lifestyle with XXXX in working population: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity14783 :: ('MESH:D007589', 'Disease') :: ['CJD', 'cumulated job demands']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity5281 :: (MESH:D060051,Disease) :: ['occupational injury']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), @entity2407 ( @entity2407 ) is frequently present and associated with @entity120 ( @entity120 ). @entity551 (PASP) is an indicator of @entity120 and can be estimated noninvasively. We attempt to explore the significance of @entity2407 in @entity1252 and to correlate it with clinical and serological parameters of the disease. The study population consisted of 34 @entity1 (age, sex and disease duration matched) who fulfilled the revised @entity1252 criteria of the American College of Rheumatology, and were categorized into two groups: Group 1 had @entity1 having @entity1252 and @entity2407 (2 males/15 females, mean age 45 +/- 18 years) and group 2 had @entity1 with @entity1252 but without @entity2407 (3 males/14 females, mean age 40 +/- 14 years. Detailed cardiac ultrasound was performed including measurement of PASP, while clinical and serological features of both groups were collected and correlated. Significant differences were shown in the presence of arterial @entity101 (P < 0.05), @entity4841 (P < 0.005), @entity625 (P < 0.05), @entity925 (P < 0.05), @entity1665 (P < 0.05) and PASP (P < 0.0001). No difference was observed among the cardiac ultrasound indices and the ejection fraction between the two groups. PASP was significantly correlated with @entity2407 , while no correlation was observed regarding the disease duration. In @entity1 with @entity1252 , the presence of @entity2407 was associated with elevation in PASP. Further investigation is needed to clarify the significance of this relation.

title: Raynaud's phenomenon is correlated with elevated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure in XXXX with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PHT']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ['Raynaud phenomenon', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the etiologic causes and the value of nasal endoscopy in adult onset @entity2346 media with effusion (OME). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 50 @entity1 with adult-onset OME (28 males, 22 females; mean age 46 years; range 18 to 41 years). Pneumatic otoscopy, otomicroscopy, pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry were performed in all @entity1 . The nasal cavity and the nasopharynx were examined by nasal endoscopy. Skin prick tests were performed and serum specific IgE levels were determined in all @entity1 . Computed tomography scans of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, and the skull base were obtained when indicated. RESULTS: Adult-onset OME was bilateral in 24 @entity1 . Allergy was detected in three @entity1 . Four @entity1 had marked septal deviation. Mucopurulent discharge in the middle meatus was observed in 20 @entity1 and polypoid tissue in the lateral nasal wall in two @entity1 . Mucoid and purulent discharge and @entity4 were observed at the orifice of the eustachian tube in 13 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 , respectively. Biopsies obtained from nasopharyngeal masses revealed @entity957 in one @entity1 and @entity706 in four @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We concluded that nasal endoscopy was a reliable method in the investigation of etiologic factors in adult-onset OME.

title: [Adult onset XXXX media with effusion: an etiologic study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) using an open-lung strategy has been demonstrated to improve oxygenation in neonatal and pediatric @entity1576 , without increasing @entity11283 . Animal studies using small (<4 mm) endotracheal tubes have shown reduced histopathologic evidence of @entity651 and inflammatory mediator release, suggesting reduced ventilator-induced @entity651 . CLINICAL STUDIES: During the last decade, case reports and observational studies of HFOV in @entity1 failing conventional ventilation strategies have suggested improved oxygenation in adult @entity1 with severe acute @entity649 . These reports have also suggested that early (2 days) initiation of HFOV is more likely to result in survival than delayed initiation (>7 days). A recently published randomized, controlled trial in acute @entity649 @entity1 (n = 148) comparing HFOV with a pressure-control ventilation strategy (Pao(2)/Fio(2) ratio of <or=200 mm Hg on positive end-expiratory pressure of >10 cm @entity4358 ) demonstrated early (<16 hrs) improvement in Pao(2)/Fio(2) (p =.008) in the HFOV group but no significant difference in oxygenation index between the two groups during the initial 72 hrs of treatment. Thirty-day mortality was 37% in the HFOV group and 52% in the conventional ventilation group (p =.102). There was no significant difference between treatment groups in the prevalence of @entity11283 , hemodynamic instability, or mucus plugging. This study suggests that HFOV is as effective and safe as the conventional strategy to which it was compared. CLINICAL APPLICATION: For clinical use in adults, a trial of HFOV may be considered when Fio(2) requirements exceed 60% and mean airway pressure is approaching 20 cm @entity4358 or higher (or, alternatively, positive end-expiratory pressure of >15 cm @entity4358 ). It is currently unknown whether initiating HFOV at a lower severity threshold would result in reduced @entity21712 or mortality. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Future studies should compare different algorithms of applying HFOV to determine the optimal techniques for achieving oxygenation and ventilation, while minimizing @entity21712 . The potential role of adjunctive therapies used with HFOV (e.g., prone ventilation, inhaled @entity842 , aerosolized vasodilators, liquid ventilation) will require further research.

title: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for acute @entity649 in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21712 :: ('MESH:D055397', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated lung injury']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity11283 :: ('MESH:D001469', 'Disease') :: ['barotrauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PerR is a ferric uptake repressor (Fur) homolog that functions as the central regulator of the inducible @entity2625 stress response in @entity3881 . PerR has been previously demonstrated to regulate the mrgA, katA, ahpCF, hemAXCDBL, and zosA genes. We now demonstrate that PerR also mediates both the repression of its own gene and that of fur. Whereas PerR-mediated repression of most target genes can be elicited by either @entity921 or @entity68 , repression of perR and fur is selective for @entity921 . Genetic studies indicate that repression of PerR regulon genes by either @entity921 or @entity68 requires PerR and is generally independent of Fur. Indeed, in a fur mutant, @entity68 -mediated repression is enhanced. Unexpectedly, repression of the fur gene by @entity921 appears to require both PerR and Fur, but only PerR binds to the fur regulatory region in vitro. The fur mutation appears to act indirectly by affecting cellular metal ion pools and thereby affecting PerR-mediated repression. While many components of the perR regulon are strongly induced by @entity273 , little, if any, induction of fur and perR could be demonstrated. Thus, not all components of the PerR regulon are components of the @entity2625 stimulon. We suggest that PerR exists in distinct metallated forms that differ in DNA target selectivity and in sensitivity to oxidation. This model is supported by the observation that the metal ion composition of the growth medium can greatly influence the transcriptional response of the various PerR regulon genes to @entity273 .

title: Regulation of the @entity3881 fur and perR genes by PerR: not all members of the PerR regulon are XXXX inducible.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity2625 :: (CHEBI:44785,Chemical) :: ['peroxide']


abstract: We treated 9 @entity1 with @entity957 of the posterior oropharyngeal wall at the @entity5 Institute Hospital, Tokyo. All were @entity1 averaging 64.1 years of age. One @entity1 each was stage I, stage II or stage III, and 6 were stage IV. Cervical lymph node @entity3 was seen in 6 at initial diagnosis. Retropharyngeal lymph nodes were involved in 4, while 5 had second @entity5 such as esophageal, gastric, @entity135 . Radical radiotherapy was done for 3 and surgery as initial treatment in 6. Five-year local control was 50% and 5-year disease-free survival was 22%. Total laryngectomy was done for 4 @entity1 . Six died of @entity5 and 1 of second @entity5 . @entity5 of posterior pharyngeal wall is relatively rare and the prognosis is considered poorer than other types of @entity5 for necessitating study to determine which modality may improve treatment results.

title: [ XXXX of the posterior oropharyngeal wall].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancer', 'primary cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5292 antibiotics including @entity801 (GM) induce delayed @entity2167 effects such as @entity393 after long-term use, unlike the early-onset @entity2167 caused by @entity900 . The purpose of the study was to identify the mechanism of the delayed GM-induced @entity2167 by exploring the role of autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Treating HEI-OC1 auditory cells with GM led to a time-dependent increase of the autophagosome marker @entity21684 -II, which was accompanied by cell death. In contrast, @entity900 and @entity114 caused a rapid increase and had no effect on @entity21684 -II levels, respectively. @entity21684 -II-expressing autophagosomes co-localized with the labeled GM. GM-treated autophagosomes expressed reduced levels of @entity21219 , which is necessary for the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. When the autophagic flux enhancer @entity3446 was applied to GM-treated cells, @entity21219 and the lysosomal enzyme @entity10815 were upregulated, and increased cell survival was observed. In animal studies, the intraperitoneal injection of GM worsened hearing thresholds and induced the accumulation of @entity21684 in the organ of Corti. This @entity393 was attenuated by @entity3446 . These findings suggest that the delayed onset- @entity2167 of GM may be closely related to the accumulation of autophagosomes via impaired autophagy. This GM-induced auditory cell death could be inhibited by enhancing autophagic flux.

title: Autophagic flux, a possible mechanism for delayed XXXX -induced @entity2167 .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxic', 'ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plants enter their reproductive phase when the environmental conditions are favourable for the successful production of progeny. The transition from vegetative to reproductive phase is influenced by several environmental factors including ambient temperature. In the model plant @entity958 , @entity36423 ( @entity36423 ) is critical for this pathway; @entity36423 mutants cannot modify their flowering time in response to ambient temperature. @entity36423 encodes a MADS-box transcription factor that directly represses genes that promote flowering. @entity36423 binds DNA in complexes with other MADS-box transcription factors, including @entity33201 (FLM), which acts with @entity36423 to repress the floral transition at low temperatures. Small temperature changes post-transcriptionally regulate FLM through temperature-dependent alternative splicing (TD- @entity5427 ). As ambient temperature increases, the predominant FLM splice isoform shifts to encode a protein incapable of exerting a repressive effect on flowering. Here we characterize a closely related MADS-box transcription factor, @entity64226 ( @entity64226 ), which has independently evolved TD- @entity5427 . At low temperatures the most abundant @entity64226 splice variant encodes a protein that interacts with @entity36423 to repress flowering. At increased temperature the relative abundance of splice isoforms shifts in favour of an intron-retaining variant that introduces a premature termination codon. We show that this isoform encodes a protein that cannot interact with @entity36423 or repress flowering. At lower temperatures @entity64226 and @entity36423 repress flowering in parallel with FLM and @entity36423 , providing an additional input to sense ambient temperature for the control of flowering.

title: XXXX Is Regulated by Temperature-Dependent Splicing and Represses Flowering at Low Temperatures in Parallel with FLM.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity64226 :: (836629(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['MAF2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the effect of topical alpha-interferon (alpha-IF) in two cases of recurrent @entity3169 . METHODS: One @entity1 with a @entity3169 and one @entity1 with a limbus-based @entity1185 were treated with excision and cryotherapy. Recurrences included @entity2735 . Retreatment included systemic and topical alpha-IF. RESULTS: In Case 1, the @entity1185 regressed with systemic alpha-IF followed by topical application of alpha-IF (2.8 x 106 U) for 1 year against recurrence. In Case 2, the @entity1185 disappeared with topical alpha-IF over 1 year. No recurrences were seen during follow-up (84 and 91 months, respectively). The possible side effect of topical alpha-IF was superficial keratitis. Retrospective polymerase chain reaction tests for HPV were positive and showed type 6 in Case 1 and type 33 in Case 2. CONCLUSION: Topical alpha-IF can be used as adjuvant therapy in recurrent @entity3169 .

title: Topical alpha-interferon in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival papilloma', 'conjunctival papillomas']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'papilloma']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['one in situ carcinoma']

answer: @entity3169 :: (MESH:D003229,Disease) :: ['conjunctival papilloma']


abstract: Measurements of the intracellular free concentration of @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) were performed during fatiguing stimulation of intact, single muscle fibers, which were dissected from a @entity19 foot muscle and loaded with @entity593 . Fatigue, which was produced by repeated 100-Hz @entity116 , generally occurred in three phases. Initially, @entity2701 declined rapidly to approximately 90% of the original @entity2701 (0.9 Po) and during this period the tetanic [ @entity141 ]i increased significantly (phase 1). Then followed a lengthy period of almost stable @entity2701 production and tetanic [ @entity141 ]i (phase 2). Finally, both the tetanic [ @entity141 ]i and @entity2701 fell relatively fast (phase 3). The resting [ @entity141 ]i rose continuously throughout the stimulation period. A 10-s rest period during phase 3 resulted in a significant increase of both tetanic [ @entity141 ]i and @entity2701 , whereas a 10-s pause during phase 2 did not have any marked effect. Application of @entity5834 under control conditions and early during phase 2 resulted in a substantial increase of the tetanic [ @entity141 ]i but no marked @entity2701 increase, whereas @entity5834 applied at the end of fatiguing stimulation ( @entity2701 depressed to approximately 0.3 Po) gave a marked increase of both tetanic [ @entity141 ]i and @entity2701 . The tetanic [ @entity141 ]i for a given @entity2701 was generally higher during fatiguing stimulation than under control conditions. Fatigue developed more rapidly in fibers exposed to @entity3789 . In these fibers there was no increase of tetanic [ @entity141 ]i during phase 1 and the increase of the resting [ @entity141 ]i during fatiguing stimulation was markedly larger. The present results indicate that fatigue produced by repeated @entity116 is caused by a combination of reduced maximum @entity2701 -generating capacity, reduced myofibrillar @entity141 sensitivity, and reduced @entity141 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The @entity308 of maximum @entity2701 -generating capacity develops early during fatiguing stimulation and it is of greatest importance for the force decline at early stages of fatigue. As fatigue gets more severe, reduced @entity141 sensitivity and reduced @entity141 release become quantitatively more important for the @entity2701 decline.

title: Changes of myoplasmic calcium concentration during fatigue in single XXXX muscle fibers.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity67 might represent an important pathophysiological intermediate between @entity101 and @entity712 . Our aim was to determine whether inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system, which can reduce @entity123 and @entity296 , can improve diastolic function to a greater extent than can other antihypertensive agents. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity101 and evidence of @entity67 were randomly assigned to receive either the angiotensin receptor blocker @entity917 (titrated to 320 mg once daily) or matched placebo. @entity1 in both groups also received concomitant antihypertensive agents that did not inhibit the renin-angiotensin system to reach targets of under 135 mm @entity5332 systolic blood pressure and under 80 mm @entity5332 diastolic blood pressure. The primary endpoint was change in diastolic relaxation velocity between baseline and 38 weeks as determined by tissue doppler imaging. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00170924. FINDINGS: 186 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity917 ; 198 were randomly assigned to receive placebo. 43 @entity1 were lost to follow-up or discontinued the assigned intervention. Over 38 weeks, there was a 12.8 (SD 17.2)/7.1 (9.9) mm @entity5332 reduction in blood pressure in the @entity917 group and a 9.7 (17.0)/5.5 (10.2) mm @entity5332 reduction in the placebo group. The difference in blood pressure reduction between the two groups was not significant. Diastolic relaxation velocity increased by 0.60 (SD 1.4) cm/s from baseline in the @entity917 group (p<0.0001) and 0.44 (1.4) cm/s from baseline in the placebo group (p<0.0001) by week 38. However, there was no significant difference in the change in diastolic relaxation velocity between the groups (p=0.29). INTERPRETATION: Lowering blood pressure improves diastolic function irrespective of the type of antihypertensive agent used.

title: Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade and antihypertensive drugs on diastolic function in XXXX with @entity101 and @entity67 : a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The efficiency of Hemoperfusion in acute @entity4968 cannot be clinically estimated, because: a) concomitant intestinal absorption, hepatic metabolism and urinary excretion must be taken into account. b) with supportive treatment alone, spontaneous recovery usually occurs in 98% of the intoxications in Intensive Care Units. The efficiency of hemoperfusion can only be estimated biologically. Measuring the blood level at the beginning and the end of hemoperfusion as well as measuring the clearances of the drug is misleading. A better method is to measure the amount of extracted drug, either indirectly by calculation (form hourly differences of arterio-venous measures of drug concentration multiplied by the blood flow) or directly by elution of the cartridge. In a practical way, if the blood level of drug is readily available after the @entity1 is hospitalized, the optimum efficiency of hemoperfusion can be estimated beforehand, so that the decision to carry out the hemoperfusion can be maintained, postponed or abandoned. For the most part, the experience of toxicologists has shown hemoperfusion to be ineffective for drugs with weak extra-cellular distribution (such as @entity8451 , Tricyclic drugs, Heavy Metals, Colchicine). Its effectiveness for certain drugs, with poor in vitro dialysance (such as @entity1443 ) or with small percentage of intestinal absorption (such as @entity6453 ) is still debatable. In the case of intoxications by hypnotic drugs, one hemoperfusion allows an average of 4 - 12% of the ingested medium and short barbiturates, 7 - 17% of the ingested @entity31056 . Whether these results can be judged satisfactory, life-saving or insignificant is largely a matter of personal standards.

title: Biological evaluation of hemoperfusion in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraquat']

entities_list: @entity8451 :: ('MESH:D004074', 'Chemical') :: ['Digitoxin']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity31056 :: ('MESH:D008620', 'Chemical') :: ['Meprobamate']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2449 is a @entity28943 anti-hyperglycaemic drug. @entity2449 -associated @entity8193 may sometimes be life-threatening. Continuous renal replacement therapy has been suggested as a method for resolving this extremely dangerous metabolic state. We describe the history of six @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit over a 28-month period in pre-shock conditions because of severe @entity8193 , attributed to @entity2449 -associated @entity8193 , and successfully treated. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of six @entity1 admitted to our intensive care unit between January 2008 and May 2010. After initial assessment, all @entity1 were treated with continuous renal replacement therapy. Admission serum @entity880 and @entity1011 levels, pH, need for ventilatory and cardiovascular support, as well as continuous renal replacement therapy details and length of stay were reviewed. RESULTS: Admission pH levels of the six @entity1 ranged between pH   6.63 and 7.0 and their serum @entity880 levels ranged between 12 and 27   mmol/l; the estimated @entity1011 clearance ranged between 6 and 24   ml min(-1)    1.73   m(-2) . All @entity1 required vasoactive support and five required ventilatory support. @entity880 levels decreased to near zero with continuous renal replacement therapy within 7-19   h in five of the @entity1 whose intensive care unit length of stay ranged between 1 and 5   days. One @entity1 's length of stay reached 11   days because of @entity55 , one died from @entity881 and another suffered permanent @entity16 following prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation before continuous renal replacement therapy was administered. All other @entity1 recovered without sequellae. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate recognition of @entity2449 -associated @entity8193 and prompt initiation of haemodialysis are paramount steps towards rapid recovery. Large series reports and controlled studies may better determine the optimal duration and best dialysis technique in these @entity1 .

title: @entity2449 -associated XXXX following acute kidney injury. Efficacious treatment with continuous renal replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity28943 :: ('CHEBI:3095', 'Chemical') :: ['biguanide']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity8193 :: (MESH:D000140,Disease) :: ['lactic acidosis']