abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate anatomical suitability and application rate for endovascular repair of @entity1 with a @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ). METHODS: The Amsterdam Acute @entity439 trial is a multicenter randomised trial comparing open with endovascular treatment in @entity1 with a @entity1755 (International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 66212637). Between April 2004 and January 2006, all consecutive @entity1 with clinical suspicion of a @entity1755 at presentation were assessed prospectively. Anatomical suitability for endovascular repair was based on use of an aorto-uni-iliac endovascular graft and assessed in @entity1 with a proven @entity1755 on CT angiography (CTA). RESULTS: In 128/256 @entity1 , presenting with clinical suspicion of a @entity1756 , @entity1755 was diagnosed. 105 @entity1 were brought to a trial center and CTA confirmed @entity1755 in 83 @entity1 . In 38 of 83 @entity1 (45.8%) with positive CTA, the anatomy of the aorta and iliac arteries was considered suitable for endovascular repair. Exclusion from endovascular repair was due to unsuitable infrarenal neck or iliac anatomy (37 and 8 @entity1 respectively). Overall, endovascular treatment was applicable in 38/128 @entity1 (29.7%) with a @entity1755 in the Amsterdam region and in 38 out of 105 @entity1 (35.5%) admitted to the trial centers. CONCLUSION: In this prospective cohort of all @entity1 with a @entity1755 in the Amsterdam Acute @entity439 Trial region, the suitability for endovascular repair in @entity1 with a @entity1755 confirmed on CTA is 45.8%, but the application rate was lower.

title: The Amsterdam Acute @entity439 Trial: suitability and application rate for endovascular repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture', 'ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'RAAA']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: @entity1810 is a key player in early brain development, hence, its availability (i.e., synthesis and release) affects neuronogenesis. @entity1810 moves proliferating cells out of the cell cycle and promotes their subsequent migration. The present study tested the hypothesis that neural progenitors self-regulate @entity1810 . B104 @entity521 cells which can grow in the absence of serum or growth factors were used in systematic studies of transcription, translation, release, and activation. These studies relied on quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and real-time polymerase chain reactions. @entity1810 positively upregulated its own intracellular expression and promoted increased release of @entity1810 from cells. The induction of @entity1810 was independent of a change in transcription, but it depended on @entity1880 -inhibited translation. Signaling mediated by downstream @entity22345 through the TGFbeta receptors and intracellular protein transport were also required for release of @entity1810 from @entity35 cells. Thus, @entity1810 production and release were mediated through a feed-forward mechanism and were pivotally regulated at the level of translation. These activities appear to be key for the role of @entity1810 in the proliferation and migration of young neurons.

title: Regulating the availability of transforming growth factor   1 in XXXX @entity521 cells.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1', 'TGFbeta1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['B104']


abstract: @entity2435 (tPA), an @entity369 -specific @entity563 protease, is an @entity2931 -regulated protein in uterine and @entity0 tissue. It contains a domain which shares homology with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The aim of the present study was to determine whether specific tPA receptors or EGF receptors mediate the binding of tPA to cells and whether tPA possesses intrinsic mitogenic activity. The binding of 125I-labelled tPA to @entity35 uterine and liver membranes was shown to be non-specific and could not be displaced by unlabelled tPA or EGF. Furthermore, acid washing of cell membranes did not unmask specific tPA-binding sites. In contrast, 125I-labelled EGF binding to both @entity35 uterine and liver membranes was displaced in a dose-dependent manner by unlabelled EGF, and Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed dissociation constant (Kd) values of 2.4 and 0.71 nM respectively. Unlabelled tPA (up to 20,000-fold excess) did not displace 125I-labelled EGF binding to these membranes. A study of the binding of 125I-labelled tPA and 125I-labelled EGF to @entity1204 cells (Ishikawa), @entity2622 cells (HOG-1) and @entity189 cells (A431) showed that up to a 100-fold excess of EGF or a 1000-fold excess of tPA did not displace 125I-labelled tPA binding to these cells. In contrast, 125I-labelled EGF binding was displaced by unlabelled EGF (Kd values for Ishikawa and HOG-1 cells were 2.72 and 1.92 nM respectively) but not by unlabelled tPA (1000-fold excess).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Absence of specific cell-surface binding of XXXX in uterine cells.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulval carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2435 :: ('25692(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity2435 :: (25692(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is common in @entity135 ( @entity135 ) @entity1 and may be attributed to the @entity5 treatment. @entity158 mechanisms and @entity1 report of @entity158 in @entity135 are expected to include both nociceptive and @entity1109 . The purpose of this study was to assess the trajectory of orofacial and other @entity158 during and following treatment, using @entity1 reports of @entity9 and @entity158 and @entity158 impact. METHODS: 124 consecutive @entity135 @entity1 receiving @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) (95 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 ; mean age: 54.7 +/- 12.3 years) participated in a @entity1 -reported outcome (PRO) assessment. @entity1 completed the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire three times during therapy and 3 months following study entry. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 related their @entity5 treatment. Whereas 59% reported their @entity158 to be less severe than they expected, 29% were not satisfied with their level of @entity158 despite @entity158 management during @entity5 therapy. Worst @entity158 was 3.0 +/- 1.3 on a 0- to 5-point verbal descriptor scale. @entity158 intensity was present at entry, highest at 2-week follow-up, declining towards the end of treatment and persisting at 3-month follow-up. The most common @entity9 descriptors chosen were aching (20%) and burning (27%); nociceptive words chosen were dull (22%), sore (32%), tender (35%), and throbbing (23%), and affective/evaluative descriptors were tiring (25%) and annoying (41%). 57% of @entity1 reported @entity158 , and combined continuous and intermittent @entity158 was reported by 79% of @entity1 . DISCUSSION: This study provides evidence that @entity1 with @entity135 experience nociceptive and @entity9 during @entity1161 despite ongoing @entity158 management. The affective and evaluative descriptors chosen for head and neck @entity158 indicate considerable impact on quality of life even with low to moderate levels of @entity158 intensity. These findings suggest that clinicians should consider contemporary management for both nociceptive and @entity9 in @entity135 @entity1 .

title: @entity9 in @entity135 @entity1 receiving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pain to the tumor and/or cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancy and/or cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic components']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'nociceptive pain', 'pain', 'continuous pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: @entity262 with prominent neurological features include @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), @entity309 ( @entity309 ), Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ), and the systemic vasculitides. These systemic conditions can affect the nervous system in diverse ways. In many cases, the @entity16 . Recognizing the pattern of neurological and systemic features of these conditions is critical in order to uncover the systemic condition in a timely manner. Although treatment of these conditions is usually directed at the underlying @entity262 , discovery of certain types of @entity16 such as rapidly progressive @entity4216 may often necessitate more robust immunosuppressive therapy. The larger treatment trials addressing optimal therapy in these conditions are coordinated by rheumatologists and rarely address the neurological complications in isolation. As such, the evidence supporting neurology-specific therapy regimens is generally an extrapolation of findings that apply to the systemic condition as a whole and cannot be considered as Class I. Less severe neurological manifestations are often treated with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive treatments such as @entity500 as a @entity134 -sparing strategy. More severe @entity16 requires early and aggressive therapy with powerful immunosuppressive agents, often in combination with glucocorticoids and plasma exchange. @entity786 is the most established immunosuppressive therapy in this context but is limited by its @entity137 . Rituximab is emerging as a highly promising alternative although its high cost is a major limitation.

title: Neurologic manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological involvement', 'neurological disease heralds the onset of the systemic condition']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease', 'Systemic immunopathological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["gren's Syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuritis multiplex']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['systemic immunopathological diseases']


abstract: @entity2381 is a very rare disease, documented in only 12 cases. Although seen in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised @entity1 , serious invasive sequelae, such as @entity5422 and @entity204 , have been noted in immunocompromised @entity1 . Immunocompromised @entity1 are susceptible and require complex multidisciplinary care to contain the spread of infection and maximize outcomes. This is the first case report, to our knowledge, of @entity2381 in the setting of an organ transplant. A 68-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity10 , left @entity1805 , and @entity1736 . Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a sellar mass, which was believed to be a benign pituitary @entity652 . She underwent trans-sphenoidal resection, and subsequent histopathologic examination showed @entity2381 . She was subsequently started on @entity5074 . On postoperative day 3, she developed a left anterior cerebral @entity385 , likely from @entity17555 and occlusion. Her mental status declined further and she died when care was withdrawn.

title: XXXX in a kidney transplant recipient and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity17555 :: ('MESH:C535390', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus angioinvasion']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary aspergillosis', 'pituitary aspergillosis', 'aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['temporal hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['cephalgia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['artery ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2381 :: (MESH:D001228,Disease) :: ['Pituitary aspergillosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7855 increases ocular blood flow. Thus, the authors investigated if it also increases anterior chamber (AC) refilling after paracentesis. METHODS: Corriedale @entity742 and albino @entity95 were used as animal models. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured, paracentesis performed on one eye, and AC refilling followed by observation using oblique illumination. IOP measurements continued as the AC formed. After IOP stabilization, @entity7855 (100 mg) was orally administered. Forty to 60 minutes later, @entity3798 was withdrawn from the contralateral eye. The point at which IOP recovered was used to determine refilling time. Paracentesis volumes were either 60, 120, or 300  L in @entity742 , and 50 or 100  L in @entity95 . RESULTS: IOP recovered in approximately 49, 56, and 50 minutes after the 60, 120, and 300  L withdrawals in @entity742 . The refilling times of the contralateral eye after @entity7855 ingestion were approximately 19, 26, and 37 minutes for the respective @entity3798 withdrawals. With @entity95 , IOP recovered in approximately 13 minutes after the 50 and 100  L @entity3798 withdrawals. After @entity7855 , the IOP recovery times of the fellow eye were approximately 6 minutes. @entity3798 refilling rates were estimated by dividing the paracentesis volume by IOP recovery time. After @entity7855 , such rates were larger than the @entity3798 formation rate attributed to secretion by the ciliary epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7855 accelerates the rate of AC refilling and might have beneficial utility as an agent enhancing fluid entry into the AC of @entity1 who experienced @entity3798 loss during eye surgery, as well as in some cases of @entity8814 .

title: @entity7855 accelerates anterior chamber refilling after paracentesis in XXXX and @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8814 :: ('MESH:D015814', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypotony']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: @entity558 is a well known model for studying neural generation of acquired motor responses. The acquisition of this type of associative learning has been related to many cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar structures. However, until now, no one has studied the motor cortex (MC) and its possible role in @entity558 . We recorded in @entity95 the activity of MC neurons during blink conditioning using a delay paradigm. Neurons were identified by their antidromic activation from facial nucleus (FN) or @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ). For conditioning, we used a tone as a conditioned stimulus (CS) followed by an air puff as an unconditioned stimulus (US) that coterminated with it. Conditioned responses (CRs) were determined from the electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle and/or from eyelid position recorded with the search coil technique. Type A neurons increased their discharge rates across conditioning sessions and reached peak firing during the CS-US interval, while type B cells presented a second peak during US presentation. Both of them project to the FN. Type C cells increased their firing across the CS-US interval, reaching peak values at the time of US presentation, and were activated from the @entity10789 . These three types of neurons fired well in advance of the beginning of CRs and changed with them. Reversible inactivation of the MC during conditioning evoked a decrease in learning curves and in the amplitude of CRs, while train stimulation of the MC simulated the profile and kinematics of conditioned blinks. In conclusion, MC neurons are involved in the acquisition and expression of CRs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: @entity558 is a popular experimental model for studying neural mechanisms underlying the acquisition of motor skills. The acquisition of this type of associative learning has been related to many cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar structures. However, until now, no one has studied the motor cortex (MC) and its possible role in @entity558 . Here, we report that the firing activities of MC neurons, recorded in behaving @entity95 , are related to and preceded the initiation of conditioned blinks. MC neurons were identified as projecting to the red or facial nuclei and encoded the kinematics of conditioned eyelid responses. The timed stimulation of recording sites simulated the profile of conditioned blinks. MC neurons play a role in the acquisition and expression of these acquired motor responses.

title: The Motor Cortex Is Involved in the Generation of Classically Conditioned Eyelid Responses in Behaving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['classical eyeblink conditioning', 'Classical blink conditioning']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbits']


abstract: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone originating from atrial cardiocytes. It seems to be involved in the regulatory control of circulating volume and vascular tone. Plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (IrANP) was investigated in 22 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity4710 (16 with @entity955 , 4 with @entity956 , one with a @entity3153 ( @entity3153 ) and one with @entity591 ). During the aute attack, IrANP was significantly increased (125.3 +/- 11.4 pmol/l) compared to samples obtained during convalescence (55.9 +/- 4.7 pmol/l). Heart rate (HR) was 144 +/- 4.3 beats/min during the @entity943 and 75 +/- 2.6 during convalescence. The reduction of IrANP in plasma from the acute attack of @entity591 to follow-up was significantly related to the reduction of HR (p less than 0.05). Irrespective of type of paroxysmal @entity4710 , 50% of the @entity1 experienced @entity2011 during the attack. This symptom was more frequent in younger @entity1 with a shorter duration of @entity591 . @entity2011 @entity1 had a higher HR during the attack of @entity4710 . Even though @entity2011 was not always found in the @entity1 with the highest IrANP values, the symptom was associated with significantly higher concentrations of IrANP in plasma compared to the non- @entity2011 group. We conclude that IrANP is increased in plasma during acute attacks of paroxysmal @entity4710 . Furthermore, the @entity2011 frequently associated with this condition may partly be due to excess release of ANP from cardiac myocytes.

title: Increased plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in @entity1 with paroxysmal supraventricular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2011 :: ('MESH:D011141', 'Disease') :: ['polyuria', 'Polyuria']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'supraventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['WPW', 'Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: The @entity1245 (BZ) recognition sites on the @entity1246 receptor/ @entity2865 ionophore complex have been suggested to be involved in the modulation of mesoprefrontal @entity935 (DA) neurons. We have examined further the effects of different classes of BZ receptor ligands on DA metabolism in the prefrontal cortex. The anxiogenic inverse agonist @entity12453 elevated selectively @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) levels and @entity4925 /DA ratio in the prefrontal cortex in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The activating effect was not, however, observed in any other mesocortical, mesolimbic or nigrostriatal DA terminal fields examined. Pretreatments with BZ agonists such as @entity3175 , @entity1248 , @entity2934 and @entity27271 and BZ antagonists such as @entity5757 and @entity17996 and barbiturates such as @entity4485 , significantly antagonized the @entity3704 -induced elevation of prefrontal @entity4925 levels. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the pharmacological profile of different BZ receptor ligands on prefrontal DA metabolism and their profiles in behavioral, electrophysiological and receptor binding studies. Agonists increased DA levels and consequently decreased @entity4925 /DA ratio in the prefrontal cortex. Inverse agonists, on the other hand, significantly elevated prefrontal @entity4925 levels and @entity4925 /DA ratio in a dose-dependent manner. Antagonists such as @entity5757 and @entity17996 , at low doses, did not alter mesoprefrontal DA metabolism, but at higher doses did elevate @entity4925 /DA ratio in the prefrontal cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Modulation of mesoprefrontal @entity935 neurons by central XXXX receptors. I. Pharmacological characterization.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', 'DO-PAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3704 :: ('CHEBI:109895', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carboline']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1248 :: ('MESH:D005479', 'Chemical') :: ['flurazepam']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepine']


abstract: Large (>6 microm) rigid microparticles (MPs) become passively entrapped within the lungs after intravenous (i.v.) injection making them an attractive and highly efficient alternative to inhalation for pulmonary delivery. In this study, PEGylated 6 microm @entity852 MPs with multiple copies of the norvaline ( @entity2684 ) alpha- @entity535 prodrug of @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ) were prepared. Surface morphology was characterized using a scanning electron microscope. @entity1191 was released from the @entity1191 -Nva-MPs over 24 h in @entity35 plasma at 37 degrees C. In-vivo @entity1191 plasma concentrations were low (approximately 1 ng/ml or less) and constant over a period of 4 days after a single i.v. injection of @entity1191 -Nva-MPs as compared with high but short-lived systemic exposures after an i.v. injection of free @entity1191 . This suggests that sustained local @entity1191 concentrations were achieved in the lung after administration of the MP delivery system. Anticancer efficacy was evaluated in an orthotopic @entity2 animal model and compared with a bolus injection of @entity1191 . Animals receiving free @entity1191 (2 mg/kg) and @entity1191 -Nva-MPs (0.22 mg/kg @entity1191 and 100 mg/kg MPs) were found to have statistically significant smaller areas of @entity2 (P<0.05 and 0.01, respectively) than untreated animals. In addition, 40% of the animals receiving @entity1191 -Nva-MPs were found to be free of @entity5 . The @entity1191 dose using targeted MPs was 10 times lower than after i.v. injection of free @entity1191 , but was more effective in reducing the amount of @entity5 areas. In conclusion, @entity1191 -Nva-MPs were able to achieve effective local lung and low systemic @entity1191 concentrations at a dose that was 10 times lower than systemically administered @entity1191 resulting in a significant improvement in anticancer efficacy in an orthotopic @entity35 model of @entity2 .

title: Pulmonary targeting microparticulate @entity9800 delivery system: anticancer evaluation in a @entity35 orthotopic XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parasitic roundworms ( @entity2199 ) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in livestock animals globally, and considerable productivity losses to farmers. The control of these @entity2199 has relied largely on the use of a limited number of anthelmintics. However, resistance to many of these these anthelmintics is now widespread, and, therefore, there is a need to find new drugs to ensure sustained and effective treatment and control into the future. METHODS: Recently, we developed a screening assay to test natural, plant extracts with known inhibitory effects against the free-living worm @entity2199 . Using this assay, we assessed here  the effects of the extracts on motility and development of parasitic larval stages of @entity5167 , one of the most important @entity2199 of small ruminants worldwide. RESULTS: The study showed that two of five extracts from Picria fel-terrae Lour. have a significant inhibitory effect (at concentrations of 3-5  mg/ml) on the motility and development of @entity5167 larvae. Although the two extracts originated from the same plant, they displayed different levels of inhibition on motility and development, which might relate to the presence of various active constituents in these extracts, or the same constituents at different concentrations in distinct parts of the plant. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that extracts from P. fel-terrae Lour. have promising anthelmintic activity and that more broadly, plant extracts are a potential rich source of anthelmintics to combat helminthic diseases.

title: Anthelmintic activity of selected ethno-medicinal plant extracts on parasitic stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematodes', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity5167 :: ('6289', 'Species') :: ['Haemonchus contortus', 'H. contortus']

answer: @entity5167 :: (6289,Species) :: ['Haemonchus contortus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity378 of calcaneum is a rare entity. @entity3084 of foot is uncommon and that of calcaneum is very rare. In @entity1 , diagnosis is often delayed as clinical presentation is non-specific and awareness is low due to its rare presentation. Also pediatric @entity378 has traditionally received a lower priority than adult @entity1906 in National @entity1906 programmes. CASE PRESENTATION: 8 yr old @entity1 presented to OPD with swelling and dull @entity158 over left heel. Radiograph of calcaneum showed small @entity75 in the calcaneum. Further investigations showed presence of multiple tuberculous bacilli. Anti-Kochs treatment was started immediately and @entity1 was treated conservatively. Four drugs (HRZE) were prescribed for a period of 12 months. Radiographs at 2 years follow-up showed a healed lesion. CONCLUSION: Rare and unusual locations of @entity3084 often pose a problem of differential diagnosis. Meticulous history and clinical examination helps in reaching the diagnosis. Start of @entity584 drugs as soon as reports show presence of tubercular bacilli plays a vital role in treatment as well as functional outcome of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX of Calcaneum - A Rare presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarticular tuberculosis', 'osteoarticular TB']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic puctate lesions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['aching pain']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test which @entity73 are associated with higher mobility performance among community-dwelling, mobility-limited older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from @entity1 within a randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation research center. @entity1 : Community-dwelling older adults (N=138; mean age, 75.4 y) with mobility limitations as defined by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Balance measured via the Berg Balance Scale, leg strength, leg velocity, submaximal aerobic capacity, body mass index (BMI), and mobility performance as measured by the SPPB. RESULTS: Each of the 5 physiologic attributes (unipedal balance, leg strength, leg velocity, submaximal aerobic capacity, BMI) was categorized into tertiles by using lower values as reference for impairment status. Within an adjusted model, measures associated with higher SPPB performance (>9) included a @entity6575 score greater than or equal to 54 (odds ratio [OR]=4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-18.60), leg strength greater than or equal to 21.5 N/kg (OR=30.35; 95% CI, 5.48-168.09), leg velocity .0101 to .0129 m.s(-1).kg(-1) (OR=5.31; 95% CI, 1.25-22.57), and leg velocity greater than or equal to .0130 m.s(-1).kg(-1) (OR=22.86; 95% CI, 3.88-134.75). CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation highlights the importance of @entity73 in leg strength, leg velocity, and balance as being associated with mobility status as measured by the SPPB. In our sample of @entity1 within an exercise trial, submaximal aerobic capacity and BMI status were not associated with mobility performance. These findings suggest that the augmentation of not only leg strength and balance but also leg velocity may be important in the rehabilitative care of mobility-limited older adults.

title: XXXX are most associated with high mobility performance in older adults? Implications for a rehabilitation prescription.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['rehabilitative impairments']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Which impairments']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity149 can be a debilitating complication after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Cardiopulmonary bypass, in particular, @entity999 , has been implicated. We compared neurocognitive function and @entity999 in @entity1 undergoing on-pump and off-pump CABG. METHODS: 212 @entity1 admitted for CABG were randomly assigned to on-pump (n = 104) or off-pump (n = 108) surgery. Embolic signals were detected with bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of the middle cerebral artery. Neurocognitive tests were administered preoperatively, on discharge from hospital, at 6 weeks, and at 6 months after surgery. Composite neurocognitive scores were derived using principal component analysis and were compared between the two groups, using analysis of covariance to adjust for baseline values. RESULTS: At discharge from hospital, the adjusted composite neurocognitive score was 0.25 standard deviations greater in the off-pump group compared with the on-pump group (95% confidence interval: 0.05 to 0.45; p = 0.01). There was no significant difference at 6 weeks (0.09 standard deviations, 95% confidence interval: -0.11 to +0.30; p = 0.4) and 6 months (-0.002 standard deviations, 95% confidence interval: -0.23 to +0.23; p = 1.0). Median number of embolic signals was 1,605 (751 to 2,473) during on-pump and 9 (4 to 27) in off-pump CABG (p < 0.001). Age, length of education, and on-pump status were independent predictors of the predischarge neurocognitive score (p = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity999 are more prevalent during on-pump CABG. At discharge from hospital, neurocognitive function is better after off-pump surgery, possibly as a result of the lower embolic load. However, the difference in neurocognitive function does not persist at 6 weeks and 6 months.

title: XXXX : randomized study of on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral emboli', 'cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive impairment']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['Neurocognitive function and cerebral emboli']


abstract: Mining elite alleles for grain size and weight is of importance for the improvement of cultivated @entity579 and selection for market demand. In this study, association mapping for grain traits was performed on a selected sample of 628 @entity579 cultivars using 262 SSRs. Grain traits were evaluated by grain length (GL), grain width (GW), @entity121 ( @entity121 ), grain length to width ratio (GL/GW), and 1000-grain weight (TGW) in 2013 and 2014. Our result showed abundant phenotypic and genetic diversities found in the studied population. In total, 2953 alleles were detected with an average of 11.3 alleles per locus. The population was divided into seven subpopulations and the levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD) ranged from 34 to 84 cM. Genome-wide association mapping detected 10 marker trait association (MTAs) loci for GL, 1MTAs locus for GW, 7 MTAs loci for @entity121 , 3 MTAs loci for GL/GW, and 1 MTAs locus for TGW. Twenty-nine, 2, 10, 5, and 3 elite alleles were found for the GL, GW, @entity121 , GL/GW, and TGW, respectively. @entity2915 designs were predicted for improving the target traits. The accessions containing elite alleles for grain traits mined in this study could be used for breeding @entity579 cultivars and cloning the candidate genes.

title: Genetic Diversity and Elite Allele Mining for Grain Traits in @entity579 ( XXXX .) by Association Mapping.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['GT', 'grain thickness']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Optimal cross']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Oryza sativa L']


abstract: The efficacy of three antihypertensive treatments given for 3 weeks each, 2.5 mg @entity21261 , a new potent long-acting @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor, 120 mg @entity1169 , and the combination of both, were compared in 17 @entity1 suffering from essential @entity101 . Blood pressure control (i.e. sitting diastolic blood pressure at rest less than or equal to 90 mm Hg) was achieved in about 40% of the @entity1 by the monocomponents, the combination therapy increased the rate to 80%. An additional blood pressure-lowering effect of the combination was also observed during isometric exercise (handgrip) but not during @entity7047 (bicycle). At rest and during isometric exercise on @entity21261 alone cardiac output rose, total peripheral resistance fell, on @entity1169 the inverse reactions occurred. On the combination cardiac output and total peripheral resistance decreased. During @entity7047 @entity1169 slightly decreased (VO2max fell, @entity880 concentration went up), @entity21261 slightly increased aerobic capacity (VO2max went up and @entity880 concentration fell) and exercise tolerance. These effects were partially attenuated by the combination. The additional blood pressure-lowering effect of the combination was assumed to be due to the suppression of the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system (the @entity1289 inhibitor and the betablocker act in a synergistic way), a peripheral vasodilation, and the reduction of sympathetic tone expressed as heart rate reduction and hence a decrease in cardiac output. It is concluded that the combination of an @entity1289 inhibitor and a betablocker seems to exert a good antihypertensive activity not only at rest but also during exercise.

title: Does the combination of @entity21261 and XXXX lower blood pressure at rest and during exercise more pronouncedly than either of the two components given alone?

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity21261 :: ('MESH:D017315', 'Chemical') :: ['cilazapril']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity7047 :: ('MESH:D001250', 'Disease') :: ['isotonic exercise']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of the step-up approach for @entity656 ( @entity656 ). METHODS: Clinical data of 121 @entity656 @entity1 admitted between January 2002 and December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty-eight @entity1 (37 males and 21 females, aged from 20 to 72 years, mean 47.6 years) in the group of direct open necrosectomy from January 2002 to December 2006 were performed laparotomy through removal of all @entity39 tissue. Sixty-three @entity1 (42 males and 21 females, aged from 19 to 78 years, mean 46.2 years) of step-up approach from January 2007 to December 2011 underwent percutaneous catheter drainage through retroperitoneum or omental bursa guided by B-type ultrasonography for the first therapy, and then, according to the pathogenetic condition, if necessary, followed by a small incisional necrosectomy along the drainage tube. The two groups were compared for the rates of @entity260 , @entity204 , transfusion and length of stay, medical costs. RESULTS: The rates of @entity260 , @entity881 , alimentary tract fistula and incisional @entity547 in step-up approach group were significantly lower than those of direct open necrosectomy group (31.7% vs. 62.1%, 14.3% vs. 37.5%, 6.3% vs. 19.0%, 9.5% vs. 29.3%;   (2) = 4.43 to 11.17, P = 0.001 to 0.035). The other complications had no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). @entity1 in step-up approach group had a lower rates of transfusion (44.4% vs. 70.7%,   (2) = 8.488, P = 0.004), fewer medical costs of transfusion and hospital stay, compared with those in direct open necrosectomy group ((2525    4573) yuan vs. (4770    6867) yuan, t = 2.131, P = 0.035; (171 213    50 917) yuan vs. (237 874    67 832) yuan, t = 2.496, P = 0.014). There were no significant differences of length of stay and mortality between two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Step-up approach for @entity656 which can reduce the rates of @entity260 , transfusion and medical costs has significant feasibility and great clinical value.

title: [The clinical analysis of a step-up approach for XXXX : report of 121 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'severe acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'total postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['severe acute pancreatitis']


abstract: The management of adults presenting with @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) requires careful exclusion of other causes of @entity2131 . Late-onset @entity2150 may present in adulthood with subclinical disease. Recent long-term studies of HLA identical sibling donor BMT show excellent survival for @entity1 under the age of 40 years, but @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is still a major problem, impacting on quality of life. Recent improvements in outcome after matched unrelated donor BMT may reflect better donor matching and use of reduced intensity conditioning regimens. For @entity1 treated with immunosuppressive therapy (IST), antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and @entity205 (CSA) remain the standard regimen with excellent overall survival but less impressive failure-free survival due to nonresponse, relapse and @entity2214 . The benefit of adding @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) to ATG and CSA is unclear and being assessed in a further prospective European study. @entity1 who are refractory to conventional IST and currently ineligible for BMT represent difficult management problems. For these @entity1 , new approaches to transplantation are being evaluated, such as @entity3118 -based conditioning regimens and the potential use of double umbilical cord blood transplants, but there is a need for new immunosuppressive agents. Improved supportive care is likely to be a major factor in improved outcome of all @entity2150 @entity1 whether treated with IST or BMT. Robust predictive factors for response to IST are needed to help in decision making at diagnosis and to help justify exploring novel approaches to therapy.

title: Making therapeutic decisions in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['later clonal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['inherited forms of AA', 'aplastic anemia', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28219 ( @entity28219 ) is an @entity8650 (STT), characterized by recurrences, but rarely @entity3 . Later, certain molecular signatures have been identified underlying this @entity5 , which at times, is either underdiagnosed as a @entity5 , or over diagnosed as a high-grade @entity242 , including a @entity1418 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 14-year-period, five diagnosed cases of @entity28219 were analyzed. RESULTS: Five @entity5 occurred in three males and two females, over a wide age-range (median = 21, mean = 30 years); mostly in the extremities (4) (80%). Microscopically, most @entity5 were circumscribed, comprising large, blood-filed spaces with surrounding histiocytic cells and a "cuff" of lymphoplasmacytic cells. Three @entity5 revealed solid growth pattern with polygonal to spindle cells, including myxoid matrix in one of these @entity5 . On molecular analysis, this @entity5 exhibited EWS- @entity10366 transcript. Immunohistochemically, various @entity5 were positive for @entity469 (n = 2/2), epithelial membrane antigen (n = 3/4), @entity3778 / @entity3778 (n = 2/3), and @entity2283 (n = 1/4). All @entity5 were surgically excised. On follow-up (n = 2), a single @entity1 , who underwent wide-excision was free-of-disease (24 months), while another @entity1 had a recurrence 4 months post @entity5 excision. CONCLUSIONS: This forms as the first documented series on clinicopathological features of @entity28219 , a rare STT, from our country. Significant clinicopathological features include younger age, extremities as commonest site and histopathological appearance of blood-filled spaces with surrounding "cuff" of histiocytic cells and lymphocytes. Tumors with unusual histopathological @entity5 patterns require molecular confirmation. Surgical resection remains the treatment mainstay.

title: @entity28219 : Clinicopathological spectrum of five cases, including EWSR1- XXXX positive result in a single case.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['unusual soft tissue tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'benign vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity28219 :: ('MESH:C563181', 'Disease') :: ['AFH', 'Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma']

answer: @entity10366 :: (1385,Gene) :: ['CREB1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) is a prototypic @entity1198 -mediated @entity3026 (CNS), and serves as a model for the @entity1 @entity17 , @entity15 . @entity900 is a drug widely used in the treatment of a variety of @entity1 @entity5 , such as advanced @entity150 , @entity16663 , @entity0 , @entity135 . @entity900 binds to DNA and interferes with cellular repair and other mechanism, which eventually result into cell death. It is known that @entity900 can induce immunosuppressive effects through inhibition of T cell activity. Therefore we analyzed the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity900 in a @entity35 @entity6503 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity6503 was induced in male LEW @entity35 by immunizing with a synthetic peptide of @entity840 @entity7998 . The development of @entity6503 and neurological signs were evaluated by a standard protocol. Immunohistochemistry was applied to show immune cell infiltration into the CNS. RESULTS: Early treatment of @entity6503 @entity35 with @entity900 effectively ameliorated the development of disease and provided a significant protective effect compared to control @entity35 . Further, histological analysis demonstrated that the formation of the typical perivascular cuffs and brain infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes were complete absent in @entity900 treated @entity35 , while abundant T cell infiltration was seen in the CNS of @entity6503 @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that @entity900 has protective effects in @entity6503 , indicating that @entity900 could be a candidate in the treatment of @entity1 CNS @entity792 .

title: Therapeutic effects of @entity900 on XXXX experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck or lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity3026 :: ('MESH:D020278', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal cortex carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) often present a preponderance of small, dense LDL particles (small-LDL), which are associated with a high risk of @entity583 . Some studies suggest that @entity6864 -agonists increase LDL @entity165 but have divergent effects on various LDL subclasses in T2DM @entity1 . We studied the effect of @entity6170 on the LDL subclass profile in T2DM @entity1 with verified @entity453 ( @entity453 ). 58 @entity1 with T2DM (HbA1c < 8.5%) and @entity453 were enrolled in a 16-week, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial with @entity6170 8 mg/day (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29). The LDL subclass profile was measured with gel electrophoresis. @entity6170 improved insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. Total @entity165 did not change after @entity6170 treatment (p = 0.062, ANCOVA adjusted for gender and baseline values), whereas LDL (including IDL) @entity165 increased from 2.33 +/- 0.48 to 2.67 +/- 0.61 mmol/l (p = 0.002 vs. baseline, p = 0.0497 vs. placebo) and large buoyant LDL (large-LDL < 250A) increased from 1.31 +/- 0.36 to 1.46 +/- 0.42 mmol/l (p = 0.010 vs. baseline, p = 0.044 vs. placebo) in the @entity6170 group. No significant changes occurred to the concentration of small-LDL (< 250A), the average LDL particle size, or HDL or @entity412 concentrations. @entity1720 was associated with the average LDL particle size after intervention in the whole population (r = 0.40, p = 0.002) and in the @entity6170 group (r = 0.43, p = 0.020). In conclusion, in T2DM @entity1 with @entity453 , @entity6170 treatment significantly increases the concentration of large (buoyant) LDL @entity165 , but not of small dense LDL @entity165 . The long term consequences of this divergent effect of @entity6170 on LDL subfractions require further exploration.

title: The effect of @entity6864 -agonism on LDL subclass profile in @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX and @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['Whole-body insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['Rosiglitazone', 'rosiglitazone']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The long history of the beta-adrenergic receptor blockers for the treatment of @entity101 is fraught with many controversies. The first compound had severe untoward effects preventing their use until @entity1169 was introduced. It was found effective for treatment of angina pectoris since not all @entity1 with @entity101 responded to monotherapy with a meaningful reduction of pressure. Nevertheless, the beta-blockers were most effective in: younger @entity1 , especially with @entity71 circulation; with co-morbid diseases (e.g. coronary arterial disease with or without prior @entity583 ); or when used with a diuretic. Subsequently with the advent of meta-analysis to evaluate more generalized experience, controversy resumed with statements made to exclude beta-blockers for initial @entity101 therapy. Support for this argument was gained with reports of @entity1 developing 'dysglycemia' with treatment. However, exclusion of any one therapeutic class for a @entity66 such as @entity101 seems unrealistic. Meta-analysis confounded this conclusion since inadequate numbers of @entity1 having specific clinical and biological characteristics were included (especially young @entity1 ). This is particularly important at this time when third-party reimbursement procedures are particularly relevant and when the primary care physician must deal with the individual @entity1 . The NICE report has introduced specific thinking along these lines. In-and-of itself, its recommendations are reasonable, but current articles continue to suggest that the 'older' beta-blockers should be excluded from national guidelines for initial antihypertensive therapy. Personally, I disagree; and, no doubt, controversy will continue.

title: Role of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents in XXXX : personal thoughts as the controversy persists.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pediatric @entity1791 can cause significant morbidity and damage to the kidney, or even @entity177 . We review our experience of the management of @entity1791 in pediatric @entity1 at a tertiary referral center. @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records of all @entity1 with @entity1791 who were diagnosed and managed at our center from August 2003 to October 2011. Management was planned according to stone burden and location. We noted and statistically analysed data about age, sex, stone burden, clinical features, management, @entity209 and recurrence. RESULTS: There were 325 @entity1 with 378 stone sites. Age range was 3-17 (mean 8) years. The male to female ratio was 3:1. Most common presentation was @entity490 in 257 @entity1 (79%), and the most common stone site was kidney in 215 (57%). Twenty-four (7%) @entity1 (stone burden  <=3  mm) were managed conservatively, while the rest received some form of intervention. Metabolic workup could be done in 154 (47%) @entity1 . A @entity209 was seen in 67 (43%) @entity1 , normocalcemic @entity5200 being the most common. Recurrence of @entity1791 was seen in 78 (24%) @entity1 after a mean follow-up of 3.2 (1-6) years, and was more common in those who had a @entity209 or in whom small residual fragments were left in situ. CONCLUSIONS: Availability of smaller instruments has led to safer use of percutaneous endoscopy and ureteroscopy in @entity1 , with results comparable to those in adults and an acceptable complication rate. The presence of a @entity209 is quite common and is a cause of recurrence.

title: Pediatric XXXX : experience from a tertiary referral center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormality', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the corrected QT cardiac repolarization time before and during @entity302 . METHODS: Thirty-nine video-EEG/ECG/SAO(2) (electroencephalography/electrocardiography/ @entity26 saturation) telemetry @entity1 were included in this prospective study. @entity302 were identified both clinically and electrographically. RR intervals and associated QT intervals were measured 5 min prior to the onset of the identified @entity410 . Consecutive RR and associated QT intervals were then measured from the @entity410 onset until the @entity410 had ended and the EEG had resumed its preseizure trace. Averaged RR and QT intervals over nine consecutive beats were applied to Bazett's, Hodge's, Fridericia's, and Framingham's formulas to compare the corrected QT values before and during the @entity410 . RESULTS: A total of 156 @entity410 had corrected QT analysis performed. Nine generalized @entity410 (5 @entity1 ), 34 absences (6 @entity1 ), 12 tonic @entity410 (6 @entity1 ), 27 @entity410 (14 @entity1 ), 58 @entity410 (4 @entity1 ), and 16 subclinical @entity410 (4 @entity1 ). All formulae reported a statistically significant difference in corrected QT (p < 0.001) during total @entity410 data compared to total preseizure values. According to Bazett's formula, 21 @entity410 (nine @entity1 ) transiently increased their corrected QT beyond normal limits, with a maximum corrected QT of 512 ms during a right @entity410 . CONCLUSION: Significant lengthening of corrected QT cardiac repolarization time occurred during some @entity302 in this study. Prolonged corrected QT may have a role in @entity944 ( @entity944 ).

title: Lengthening of corrected QT during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'temporal lobe seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'frontal lobe seizures', 'temporal lobe seizure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden unexplained death in epilepsy', 'SUDEP']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'Epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are a heterogeneous group of @entity245 with a complex inheritance pattern. While many rare variants in synaptic proteins have been identified in @entity1 with @entity72 , little is known about their effects at the synapse and their interactions with other genetic variations. Here, following the discovery of two de novo @entity17237 deletions by the Autism Genome Project, we identified a novel 421 kb de novo @entity17237 deletion in a @entity1 with @entity2438 . We then sequenced @entity17237 in 455 @entity1 with @entity72 and 431 controls and integrated these results with those reported by Berkel et al. 2010 (n=396 @entity1 and n=659 controls). We observed a significant enrichment of variants affecting conserved @entity1522 in 29 of 851 (3.4%) @entity1 and in 16 of 1,090 (1.5%) controls (P=0.004, OR=2.37, 95% CI=1.23-4.70). In neuronal cell cultures, the variants identified in @entity1 were associated with a reduced synaptic density at dendrites compared to the variants only detected in controls (P=0.0013). Interestingly, the three @entity1 with de novo @entity17237 deletions also carried inherited CNVs at 15q11-q13 previously associated with @entity146 . In two cases, the nicotinic receptor @entity15561 was duplicated and in one case the synaptic translation repressor @entity35862 was deleted. These results strengthen the role of synaptic gene dysfunction in @entity72 but also highlight the presence of putative modifier genes, which is in keeping with the "multiple hit model" for @entity72 . A better knowledge of these genetic interactions will be necessary to understand the complex inheritance pattern of @entity72 .

title: Genetic and functional analyses of XXXX mutations suggest a multiple hit model of @entity72 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity17237 :: (22941,Gene) :: ['SHANK2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Percutaneous catheter-based treatment of supraaortic trunk @entity432 obviates the need for extraanatomic bypass or median sternotomy. Although early results have been encouraging, late outcomes have yet to be defined. Reported are long-term outcomes of supraaortic trunk stent placement with particular attention to structural failures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 27 ostial supraaortic trunk lesions managed with balloon-expandable or self-expandable stents. Treated vessels were innominate (n = 9), common carotid (n = 8), and subclavian (n = 10). Access to the @entity75 was achieved either antegrade via the femoral artery (n = 13), retrograde through the brachial artery (n = 2), or through a cutdown on the common carotid artery (n = 12). @entity256 and stent integrity were detected with duplex imaging, computed tomography, conventional arteriography, and plain radiography. Mean follow-up time is 34 months. RESULTS: Mean age was 68 years (eight @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ), and mean stenosis was 85%. Preprocedural symptoms, including @entity64 , transient @entity63 attack, arm @entity1295 , @entity63 , and @entity951 were present in 85% (23 of 27) of the group. At 30 days, there were no deaths, @entity583 , or @entity64 . During follow-up, three type IV stent @entity174 in the innominate were detected as well as two midbody stent crush deformities with significant @entity256 (one innominate and one common carotid). All stent failures were identified in heavily calcified lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Endoluminal stent placement in supraaortic trunk lesions is a viable early solution; however, mid- to long-term @entity256 caused by bare metal @entity1295 and @entity174 , particularly in cases of @entity455 , are a worrisome finding.

title: Late stent @entity174 after endoluminal treatment of ostial supraaortic trunk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['calcified innominate artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['digital ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive lesions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusive lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the treatment of childhood @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) with historical practice in the UK. DESIGN: Data collection through a national UK Childhood @entity3039 registry (http://www.uk-itp.org) started in January 2007. SETTINGS: UK hospitals. @entity1 : @entity1 admitted with a new diagnosis of @entity3039 and their treating physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bleeding severity, platelet count, disease management and outcome from the time of presentation to 6 months. RESULTS: Data from 225 @entity1 were analysed. 54% of @entity1 had clinically mild, 42% had moderate and 4% had severe disease as defined previously. The mean platelet counts at diagnosis for these groups were 14, 8 and 6 10(9)/l respectively. @entity1 with mild disease had fewer @entity548 sites (1.9), compared with moderate (2.5) or severe disease (3.6). There was one @entity932 reported. At 6 months' follow-up, 32% had a persistent platelet count <150 10(9)/l, but only 4.8% had a count <20. The proportion of UK @entity1 receiving platelet-raising treatment was noted to decrease from 61% in 1995 to 38% in 2000. The current UK 2009 registry data show a continued decrease in treatment to 16% of all the @entity1 . In contrast, historical international data report 69% of @entity1 receiving interventional therapy. CONCLUSION: The current UK practice has shown a continued reduction in the number of @entity1 receiving treatment in comparison with historical data and international practice.

title: Changing trends in the UK management of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['acute ITP', 'ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['ITP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from partially matched family donors is a promising therapy for @entity1 who have a @entity1583 and are at high risk for relapse. The donor T-cell infusions associated with such transplantation can promote post-transplantation immune reconstitution and control @entity66 . METHODS: We identified 43 @entity1 who underwent haploidentical transplantation and infusion of donor T cells for @entity3052 or @entity2590 and conducted post-transplantation studies that included morphologic examination of bone marrow, assessment of hematopoietic chimerism with the use of short-tandem-repeat amplification, and HLA typing. The genomic rearrangements in mutant variants of @entity1778 were studied with the use of genomic HLA typing, microsatellite mapping, and single- @entity377 -polymorphism arrays. The post-transplantation immune responses against the original cells and the mutated leukemic cells were analyzed with the use of mixed lymphocyte cultures. RESULTS: In 5 of 17 @entity1 with @entity1778 relapse after haploidentical transplantation and infusion of donor T cells, we identified mutant variants of the original leukemic cells. In the mutant leukemic cells, the HLA haplotype that differed from the donor's haplotype had been lost because of acquired @entity26036 . T cells from the donor and the @entity1 after transplantation did not recognize the mutant leukemic cells, whereas the original leukemic cells taken at the time of diagnosis were efficiently recognized and killed. CONCLUSIONS: After transplantation of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells and infusion of donor T cells, leukemic cells can escape from the donor's antileukemic T cells through the loss of the mismatched HLA haplotype. This event leads to relapse.

title: Loss of mismatched HLA in XXXX after stem-cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26036 :: ('MESH:C536470', 'Disease') :: ['uniparental disomy of chromosome 6p']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic cancer']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Lymphocyte surface markers were determined in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in 31 @entity5 @entity1 (15 males and 16 females) and 47 controls (20 males and 27 females) using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The monoclonal antibodies used were Leu 2a ( @entity405 , suppressor/cytotoxic T cells), Leu 3a ( @entity404 , inducer/helper T cells), Leu 4 (CD3, pan T reagent), Leu 11 ( @entity4071 , natural killer cells) and Leu 12 ( @entity1075 , B cells). The numbers of PBL, CD3+, @entity404 +, @entity405 +, @entity4071 + and @entity1075 + cells significantly decreased and the @entity404 : @entity405 value increased in @entity1 with @entity5 compared to those in healthy volunteers. In stage I, PBL, none of the PBL subsets nor the @entity404 : @entity405 value were significantly different from those of the controls. In stage II, the numbers of PBL, CD3+, @entity404 + and @entity405 + cells decreased. In stage III, the @entity1075 + cells decreased in addition to the decreased subsets in stage II. In stage IV, PBL and all subsets measured decreased. The @entity404 : @entity405 value showed significant increases in stages II, III and IV, because the @entity405 + cells decreased to a greater extent than did the @entity404 + cells. Changes in the subsets were analyzed with regard to age, sex, performance status and smoking history, no significant relation being observed between these factors and lymphocyte subsets. From the present study, we have demonstrated that lymphocyte subsets were differentially depressed in the order of T cells, B cells and natural killer cells, with progression of the stage of disease.

title: Differential depression of lymphocyte subsets according to stage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stomach cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stomach cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity774 are rare cystic masses that arise from the adrenal gland and which are usually non-functional and asymptomatic. We report a rare case of a @entity548 presenting with @entity490 and we discussed the radiological features. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 75 year old @entity1 was admitted with acute @entity490 post mild-trauma. Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen revealed a hemorrhagic mass measuring 18 cm located in the right suprarenal region, displacing the right kidney and liver. He subsequently underwent to contrast enhancement ultrasound (CEUS), which showed features suggestive for hemorrhagic @entity774 . A complete endocrine working didn't show any hormonal hypersecretion. The @entity1 underwent laparotomy and right adrenal mass was excised. Histological examination revealed @entity548 . The @entity490 resolved after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: to the best our knowledge, this is the first case studied with CEUS reported in the literature.

title: A giant hemorragic XXXX : contrast-enhanced examination (CEUS) and computed tomography (CT) features.

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['giant hemorrhagic adrenal pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal pseudocyst', 'Adrenal pseudocysts']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal pseudocyst']


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of legs @entity4 and periorbital @entity4 in Dec. 1983. Laboratory findings showed massive @entity644 (3.7 g/day), Bence Jones protein (BJP) in urine, and @entity9427 . Peripheral blood examinations were normal and a bone marrow aspiration @entity8544 with slight increase of monocytes and plasma cells. Serum immunoelectrophoresis showed two M-components (IgG kappa, IgA lambda). Serum IgG was 1,690 mg/dl, IgA 379 mg/dl and IgM 160 mg/dl. No remarkable findings were obtained in bone survey, Ga-scintigraphy and rectal biopsy, and a diagnosis of @entity1581 with @entity1985 was made. In Aug. 1986, serum IgA started to increase rapidly with concomitant decrease IgG. He died of @entity55 due to @entity3043 in Dec. 1986, when serum IgG was 450 mg/dl, @entity5727 ,014 mg/dl, and IgM less than 39 mg/dl. Immunoelectrophoresis showed two M-components (IgG kappa, IgA lambda) in serum and BEP (kappa, lambda), IgG (kappa) and IgA (lambda) in urine. An autopsy showed massive infiltration of @entity1582 cells which were positive for lambda light chain in bone marrow, suggesting a development of @entity1582 from a @entity1581 in about 3 years.

title: [Diclonal @entity1581 (IgG kappa, IgA lambda) with @entity1985 terminating into IgA lambda XXXX after three years--report of a case].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['diclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity8544 :: ('MESH:D005254', 'Disease') :: ['showed hypocellularity']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: Changing the composition of milk proteins and @entity5066 affects the nutritional and physical properties of dairy products. Intravenous infusions of glucagon decreases milk protein production and concentration by promoting the use of gluconeogenic blood @entity5066 for hepatic @entity413 synthesis. Little is known about how the diversion of @entity5066 to gluconeogenesis affects the composition of milk proteins and @entity5066 . The objective was to quantify changes in composition of milk protein and @entity5066 in response to i.v. glucagon infusions. Three separate experiments were used: 1) 8 Holstein @entity291 were fed ad libitum and infused with glucagon at 10 mg/d for 14 d, 2) 7 Holstein @entity291 were feed restricted and infused with glucagon at 10 mg/d for 14 d, and 3) 4 Brown Swiss @entity291 were infused with glucagon at 5 and 10 mg/d for 2 d each. Milk and milk component yields and milk protein and @entity535 composition of samples, collected with blood samples at the first and last day of the glucagon infusion period, were compared with those collected 1 d before and after the glucagon infusion period. Glucagon infusions decreased milk protein production and concentration in each experiment by at least 0.2 +/- 0.05 kg/d and 4 +/- 0.4 g/L, respectively. The decrease was accompanied by changes in milk protein composition, the most consistent being an increase in kappa-casein (1.68 +/- 0.27%). Overall, glucagon infusions resulted in higher proportions of kappa-casein and alpha(S2)-casein (1.34 +/- 0.51%) and smaller proportions of alpha(S1)-casein (-3.83 +/- 1.75%) and @entity14617 (-0.91 +/- 0.32%). Glucagon had little impact on milk @entity5066 composition except an increase in @entity2228 (0.26 +/- 0.11%). The results suggest that milk protein synthesis is regulated by many factors including @entity5066 and @entity413 availability.

title: Effects of glucagon infusions on protein and @entity535 composition of milk from dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: @entity902 -based chemotherapy improves long-term survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Meta-analyses have demonstrated an improvement in median and 1-year survival times as well as quality of life. However, these benefits are largely confined to @entity1 with a good performance status (PS), one of the most critical determinants influencing outcome. Several clinical trials that initially included @entity13770 @entity1 ultimately discontinued their enrollment due to a high propensity of adverse reactions to treatment. The advent of more active, less toxic agents has revitalized investigator interest in treating @entity13770 @entity1 . @entity25669 is a novel paclitaxel conjugate undergoing investigation in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 . The median survival for @entity13770 @entity1 treated with single-agent @entity25669 in one small trial proved similar to that reported for @entity1311 / @entity3003 in @entity1149 @entity1 and was associated with an improved safety profile compared with conventional taxanes. Phase III studies comparing @entity25669 as a single agent and in combination with @entity3003 to current standards of care are in progress. Unlike a well-defined population with good PS, the therapeutic index in @entity13770 @entity1 is narrower and not as clearly defined. These and other efforts will determine the optimal mode of therapy in @entity13770 individuals with @entity1149 .

title: Dilemmas in management: the controversial role of chemotherapy in @entity13770 advanced XXXX and the potential role of @entity25669 (Xyotax).

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Reduning injection for treating @entity497 . METHOD: Literatures about randomized controlled trials of Reduning injection for treating @entity497 were reviewed. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed by the Jadad scale, and evaluation was performed. RESULT: Seven RCTS were included. Reduning combined group (Reduning injection plus antibiotics and basic therapy) was compared with antibiotics group (antibiotics plus basic therapy). Meta-analysis showed that the relative risk (RR) for the total cure rate was 1.34, and 95% confidence interval (CI) was [1.19, 1.51]; RR for the total effective rate was 1.10, and 95% CI was [1.06, 1.15]. The @entity353 ( @entity353 ) in disappearance time of fever between the two groups was - 1.42, and 95% CI was [- 2.58, -0.26]; The @entity353 between the two groups for the total obvious effect rate of cough and expectoration were - 2.36, and 95% CI was [- 3.41, - 1.31]; Improve the time of pulmonary rales MD -2.30, 95% CI [- 2.61, - 2.00]; The @entity353 between the two groups in absorption of chest x-ray shadow was -2.36 and 95% CI [-2.52, -2.20]. Serious systematic adverse reactions had not been reported in the trials. CONCLUSION: The effect of combined therapy with Reduning injection plus antibiotics and basic therapy is better than that of antibiotics plus basic therapy. Reduning injection can improve the symptoms of cough and expectoration, shorten the fever time and facilitate the absorption of chest x-ray shadow without any significant adverse reactions. However, further high quality trials are needed.

title: [Reduning injection for XXXX : meta-analysis].

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weighted mean difference', 'WMD']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local anesthetic administered directly to the operative site by slow infusion has become a popular supplementary @entity158 management strategy following rotator cuff surgery, but it is expensive and there is little conclusive evidence that it provides additional benefits. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of @entity1342 infusion following arthroscopic or mini-incision rotator cuff surgery. METHODS: We performed a randomized, @entity1 and outcome assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. @entity1 , stratified by operative procedure (either arthroscopic decompression or rotator cuff repair), were given preemptive 1% @entity1342 (20 mL) and intraoperative intravenous @entity14340 (40 mg) and were randomly assigned to 0.75% @entity1342 or placebo by elastomeric pump at 5 mL/hr. @entity158 at rest was reported on a verbal analogue scale at fifteen, thirty, and sixty minutes and at two, four, eight, twelve, eighteen, and twenty-four hours. The use of alternative analgesia, delay in discharge, and adverse events, including development of stiff @entity158 , and leakage, were also assessed. RESULTS: Eighty-eight @entity1 received arthroscopic decompression (forty-three in the placebo arm and forty-five in the @entity1342 arm) and seventy received rotator cuff repair (thirty-five @entity1 in each treatment arm). Compared with placebo, @entity1342 infusion resulted in a significant but clinically unimportant improvement in average @entity158 in the first twelve hours following both procedures (the average @entity158 score was 1.62 and 2.16 for the @entity1342 and placebo arms, respectively, in the arthroscopic decompression group and 2.12 and 2.82 in the rotator cuff repair group, with a pooled difference between groups of 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.22 to 1.01; p = 0.003). When adjusted for opioid use, the pooled difference between groups was 0.49 (95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.86; p = 0.009). No difference was detected between groups with regard to the maximum @entity158 in the first twelve hours or the average or maximum @entity158 in the second twelve hours, with or without adjustment for opioid use, and no difference was found between groups with regard to the amount of oral analgesia used. No difference was detected between groups with regard to the prevalence of @entity390 and @entity391 , catheter leakage, delayed discharge, or stiff @entity158 , and no @entity1 in either group had a @entity86 develop. CONCLUSIONS: We found minimal evidence to support the use of @entity1342 infusion for improving outcomes following rotator cuff surgery in the setting of preemptive @entity1342 and intraoperative @entity14340 .

title: Efficacy of subacromial XXXX infusion for rotator cuff surgery. A randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful shoulder', 'Pain', 'pain', 'painful shoulder, infection']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) was assessed for the importance of influencing factors, the ability to detect @entity1002 , and the prognostic power compared with @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) and @entity1472 -terminal pro- @entity3876 (NT-proBNP) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: MR-proANP is a biologically stable natriuretic peptide measured by a recently developed assay, with potential advantages over conventional natriuretic peptides such as @entity3876 and NT-proBNP. METHODS: We measured MR-proANP, @entity3876 , and NT-proBNP in 797 @entity1 with chronic @entity712 . RESULTS: All 3 natriuretic peptides were independently influenced by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the presence of ankle @entity4 . Area under receiver-operator characteristic curves for detection of an LVEF <40% were similar between MR-proANP (0.799 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.753 to 0.844]), @entity3876 (0.803 [95% CI: 0.757 to 0.849]), and NT-proBNP (0.730 [95% CI: 0.681 to 0.778]). During a median observation time of 68 months, 492 (62%) @entity1 died. In multiple Cox regression analysis each natriuretic peptide was the strongest prognostic parameter among various clinical variables. Proportion of explained variation showed that NT-proANP (4.36%) was a significantly stronger predictor of @entity204 than both NT-proBNP (2.47%, p < 0.0001) and @entity3876 (2.42%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite similarities in influencing factors and detection of reduced LVEF, MR-proANP outperformed @entity3876 and NT-proBNP in the prediction of @entity204 . A new assay technology and the high biological stability of MR-proANP are potential explanations for these findings.

title: Comparison of midregional pro-atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides in XXXX : influencing factors, detection of @entity1002 , and prediction of @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chemotherapy with @entity6023 such as @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ) is a key component of triple negative @entity0 (TNBC) treatment. @entity4045 is used in combination with other drugs in both the adjuvant setting and in advanced @entity0 . Since a proportion of @entity1 respond poorly to @entity4045 or relapse after its use, a greater understanding of the mechanisms conferring resistance to @entity4045 is required. One protein shown to be involved in drug resistance is @entity25536 ( @entity25536 ). High levels of @entity25536 have previously been associated with resistance to @entity4045 in TNBCs. In this study, we aimed to determine mechanisms by which @entity25536 confers @entity4045 resistance. We generated isogenic TNBC cell lines that differed by @entity25536 levels and treated these with @entity4045 . Using microarray analysis, we identified @entity5738 as a potential target of @entity25536 . We found that low @entity5738 mRNA levels are associated with poor @entity0 @entity1 prognosis, and that @entity5738 and @entity25536 mRNA expression was inversely correlated in a TNBC line and in a proportion of @entity0 . Reducing the levels of @entity5738 caused TNBC cells to become more resistant to @entity4045 . Given that @entity4045 targets cycling cells, we propose a model whereby high @entity25536 levels in some TNBC cells can lead to reduced levels of @entity5738 , which in turn promotes slow cell cycling and resistance to @entity4045 . Therefore @entity25536 and @entity5738 levels are biologically linked and may provide a biomarker for TNBC response to @entity4045 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A novel @entity5738 dependent mechanism for @entity25536 modulation of @entity1311 response in a triple negative XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TNBC tumours', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to search whether @entity136 - a commonly used antimetabolite type antineoplastic agent-has @entity2167 effect. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: An experimental animal research. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the effect of @entity136 on hearing through its possible effect on cochlea by using otoacoustic emission method on experimental @entity35 model. For this purpose 16 healthy adult male @entity35 albino @entity35 were used and these were divided into 4 groups. The @entity35 in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and the 4th groups were given 40-160-240 and 320 mg/kg of intraperitoneal @entity136 respectively. Distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements on both ears of each @entity35 were performed before and 1 week after administration of @entity136 . The mean of signal to noise ratio of emission values obtained from each @entity35 before and after the drug administration were calculated. RESULTS: @entity35 in the 1st group had no statistically significant difference at the emission rates before and after @entity136 administration. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the emission rates at emission values of only 5 kHz in the 2nd group, at 4-6 kHz in the 3rd group, at 4-5-6-8 kHz in the 4th group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 causes a decrease in otoacoustic emission values on experimental @entity35 models at high doses and especially at high frequencies. Larger clinical and laboratory studies are needed to determine whether this decrease in emission rates are permanent and whether it has any permanent effect on hearing.

title: Evaluation of the effect of XXXX on cochlea by otoacoustic emission in experimental animal model.

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: A @entity575 technique for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) was applied to sections from 156 gastric biopsies and gastrectomy specimens. These included normal controls, normal gastric mucosa from @entity189 , intestinal metaplasia types I and III, @entity1141 and @entity189 . AgNOR counts gradually increased from normal, through intestinal metaplasia, to @entity189 . This finding supports the chronic @entity4056 sequence concept for @entity356 . Normal gastric mucosa was different from all lesions, including normal mucosa from @entity189 . Significantly higher AgNOR counts were observed in @entity5 compared to all other lesions except @entity1141 . @entity1141 differed from intestinal metaplasia type I but not from type III. Eighty-five per cent of metaplasia cases overlapped with @entity189 and 19% with normal controls. The spread of AgNOR values in intestinal metaplasia reinforces the concept that this lesion is a heterogeneous entity reflecting a dynamic and continuous process. The AgNOR technique may contribute to the assessment of the stage of evolution of 'borderline' lesions.

title: Nucleolar organizer regions in XXXX and its precursor stages.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis-intestinal metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'carcinoma-bearing stomachs']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A 71-year-old @entity1 was referred for control of intractable left-sided @entity490 and @entity1142 caused by stage 2B rectosigmoid @entity694 . She was treated with an intravenous @entity1286 infusion at 4 mg/h which made her drowsy and lethargic. Because the distal colon is innervated by the inferior mesenteric sympathetic ganglion, it was hypothesized that a continuous block of this ganglion would provide both @entity158 control and increased intestinal motility. METHODS: The @entity1 was placed in a prone position, and a Tuohy needle was placed at an entry site 7 cm lateral to the L3 spinous process. The needle was advanced 2 cm anterior to the L3 vertebral body with fluoroscopic guidance. An 18-gauge indwelling catheter was placed through the needle and a continuous infusion with 0.1% @entity1341 was maintained for 4 days. RESULTS: The @entity1 obtained immediate @entity158 . She remained awake and comfortable throughout the duration of therapy. She was discharged home 3 days after stopping the infusion and required a minimal amount of opioids. CONCLUSION: Continuous inferior mesenteric @entity616 may be an option in providing relief for @entity158 caused by distal colon pathology.

title: Continuous inferior mesenteric XXXX for the control of @entity490 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain relief and bowel motility']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['ganglion block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relational impact of advanced @entity5 on both @entity1 and spouse caregivers has rarely been examined simultaneously. This study describes a framework for understanding distress in each partner as a consequence of psychosocial characteristics, @entity66 or of caregiving, and the distress of the other @entity1 . A model focusing on the protective value of social relatedness was tested to illustrate the interdependence of @entity1 and spouses in their mutual adaptation to disease. METHODS: A total of 278 advanced @entity5 @entity1 and their spouse caregivers completed measures of @entity458 (e.g., @entity308 ), physical burden from @entity5 (e.g., symptom count), caregiving burden (i.e., time and task demand), and social relatedness (i.e., social support and attachment security). Structural equation modeling was used to extract latent factors associated with these constructs and to examine their interrelationships. RESULTS: The model fit was adequate. @entity1 distress was related to disease burden (standardized path coefficient   =   0.52) and @entity1 social relatedness (-0.32). Caregiver distress was related to caregiving burden (0.21) and caregiver social relatedness (-0.51). Caregiving burden was related to @entity1 disease burden (0.43) and caregiver social relatedness (-0.37). Reciprocal pathways between @entity1 and caregiver distress indicated that caregiver distress was influenced by @entity1 distress (0.30) but not vice versa (0.12). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the view that @entity1 and caregivers constitute an interdependent relational system and interventions in this setting should take into account both interactions between @entity1 and caregivers and the nature of their social relatedness. Copyright    2013 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Couples facing advanced XXXX : examination of an interdependent relational system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is enriched with transplantable @entity2280 + cells. In addition to @entity2280 -expressing haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), @entity1 UCB contains a rare population of @entity2280 -lineage- cells endowed with the ability to differentiate along the T/NK pathway in response to @entity8252 and a stromal cell support. @entity15787 is a crucial regulator of NK cell function, whose influence on @entity8252 -induced differentiation of @entity2280 -lineage- cells has not been investigated previously. The present study was designed and conducted to address whether @entity15787 might replace the stromal cell requirements and foster the @entity8252 -induced NK differentiation of @entity1 UCB @entity2280 -lineage- cells. RESULTS: @entity2280 -lineage- cells were maintained in liquid culture with @entity11601 and @entity6826 , with the addition of @entity8252 and @entity15787 , either alone or in combination. Cultures were established in the absence of feeder cells or serum supplementation. Cytokine-treated cells were used to evaluate cell surface phenotype, expression of molecular determinants of lymphoid/NK cell differentiation, secretion of @entity379 , @entity2841 , @entity310 and @entity10557 / @entity10557 , and cytolytic activity against NK-sensitive @entity5 cell targets. @entity2280 -lineage- cells proliferated vigorously in response to @entity8252 and @entity15787 but not to @entity15787 alone, and up-regulated phosphorylated @entity6897 and @entity4104 proteins. @entity2280 -lineage- cells expanded by @entity15787 in combination with @entity8252 acquired lymphoid morphology and @entity16304 ( @entity16304 )- @entity2940 + @entity4071 -/+ phenotype, consistent with pseudo-mature NK cells. @entity15787 / @entity8252 -differentiated cells expressed high levels of mRNA for @entity588 , @entity9388 and @entity29096 , a master switch required for NK-cell development, and harboured un-rearranged TCRgamma genes. From a functional standpoint, @entity15787 / @entity8252 -treated cells secreted copious amounts of @entity379 , @entity2841 and @entity10557 / @entity10557 , and expressed cell surface @entity3220 upon contact with NK-sensitive @entity5 targets, a measure of exocytosis of NK secretory granules. CONCLUSION: This study underpins a novel role for @entity15787 in the differentiation of pseudo-mature lytic NK cells in a synergistic context with @entity8252 , and identifies a potential strategy to expand functional NK cells for immunotherapy.

title: XXXX induces the differentiation of @entity1 umbilical cord blood @entity2280 -lineage- cells into pseudomature lytic NK cells.

entities_list: @entity16304 :: ('3806', 'Gene') :: ['KIR', 'killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity15787 :: (59067,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-21']