abstract: @entity23429 )-deficient @entity74 ( @entity74 ) is a rare and severe @entity39011 caused by mutations in @entity23429 . It is characterized by collodion babies at birth, dramatically increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and lifelong pronounced scaling. The disease has a tremendous burden, including the problem of stigmatization. Currently, no therapy targeting the molecular cause is available, and the therapeutic situation is deplorable. In this study, we developed the basis for a causative therapy aiming at the delivery of the enzyme to the inner site of the keratinocytes' plasma membrane. We prepared sterically stabilized liposomes with encapsulated recombinant @entity1 TG1 (rhTG1) and equipped with a highly cationic lipopeptide vector to mediate cellular uptake. The liposomes overcame the problems of insufficient cutaneous delivery and membrane penetration and provided excellent availability and activity of rhTG1 in primary keratinocytes. To demonstrate the general feasibility of this therapeutic approach in a humanized context, we used a skin-humanized @entity19 model. Treatment with rhTG1 liposomes resulted in considerable improvement of the @entity5657 phenotype and in normalization of the regenerated @entity74 skin: in  situ monitoring showed a restoration of TG1 activity, and @entity165 clefts vanished ultrastructurally. Measurement of TEWL revealed a restoration of epidermal barrier function. We regard this aspect as a major advance over available nonspecific approaches making use of, for example, retinoid creams. We conclude that this topical approach is a promising strategy for restoring epidermal integrity and barrier function and provides a causal cure for individuals with @entity942 .

title: Topical enzyme-replacement therapy restores XXXX activity and corrects architecture of @entity23429 -deficient skin grafts.

entities_list: @entity39011 :: ('MESH:D012873', 'Disease') :: ['genetic skin disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis', 'ARCI']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['TG1 deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5657 :: ('MESH:D007057', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity23429 :: (7051,Gene) :: ['transglutaminase 1']


abstract: @entity2514 (Hyd) is a vaso-active drug that significantly affects the nature of blood flow in @entity5 . As a result, Hyd reduces blood flow and @entity26 tension in @entity5 , causing an increase in the toxic effect of @entity221 treatment. We investigated enhancement of the anti- @entity5 effect of @entity221 by @entity5 in C3H @entity19 . Hyd was administered by intraperitoneal injection, and @entity5 were heated by water bath. We measured the @entity5 temperature in animals receiving Hyd by thermocouple. We found no significant change in @entity5 temperature with Hyd treatment. The effect of Hyd (2.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg, 7.5 mg/kg) on @entity5 was evaluated in terms of a growth delay value at which @entity5 volume reached four-fold. The growth delay values obtained were 6.25 +/- 0.82, 7.14 +/- 0.90, 8.50 +/- 0.98, 9.72 +/- 0.92, and 9.84 +/- 1.3 days for: @entity221 alone, Hyd of 1.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. This effect was independent of the time course of administration of Hyd. These results indicate that Hyd can increase the therapeutic efficacy of @entity221 treatment. Changes in the microenvironment, such as low pH and @entity5 , induced by @entity1416 may have increased the sensitivity of @entity5 to heat.

title: [ XXXX -induced enhancement of @entity221 treatment in vivo].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor hypoxia', 'Hyd on SCC-VII tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity2514 :: (MESH:D006830,Chemical) :: ['Hydralazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate how urethral mobility and urethral closure pressure affect the outcome of @entity365 ( @entity365 ) insertion for @entity3142 . METHODS: A total of 191 consecutive @entity1 with genuine stress urinary incontinence with or without @entity1690 were evaluated prospectively with multichannel urodynamics, 24-h voiding diaries, clinical stress tests and introital ultrasound measurements preoperatively and 6 months after surgery. Additional introital ultrasound examinations were performed immediately after the operation, at 12 months and annually thereafter. 177/191 @entity1 had completed a 36-month follow-up at the time of writing. Urethral mobility was described as linear dorsocaudal movement (LDM), with @entity8018 being defined as LDM > 15 mm on sonography. @entity1690 was defined by a maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) of <20 cm @entity2507 . RESULTS: The overall cure rate at the 36-month follow-up was 89.5% (Kaplan-Meier estimator), with secondary cure (within 6 months of surgery) in 10.5% of these @entity1 . The operation failed in 4.2% of the @entity1 and recurrence was seen in 6.3% of the cases. @entity1494 mobility was significantly reduced at the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.001). Compared with primary cure, therapeutic failure and secondary cure were associated with a significantly lower postoperative @entity1494 mobility (P < 0.05). @entity86 reduced the risk of therapeutic failure. In addition, @entity1 with therapeutic failure or secondary cure had a significantly lower MUCP than did those with primary cure (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of the @entity365 sling appears to depend on adequate postoperative urethral mobility and urethral closure pressure.

title: Role of @entity1494 mobility and urethral closure pressure in predicting outcome of XXXX ( @entity365 ) procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['Intrinsic sphincter deficiency', 'intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder neck', 'bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['tension-free vaginal tape', 'TVT']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['tension-free vaginal tape']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Excessive @entity548 and transfusion increase morbidity and mortality in @entity1 receiving coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), especially in those exposed to antiplatelet agents. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence and interaction of @entity1397 and @entity927 on @entity548 and transfusion outcomes. DESIGN: A multicenter randomized and blinded trial. SETTING: Seven medical centers across China. @entity1 : @entity1 eligible for randomization were 1173 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18 to 85 years undergoing primary and isolated on-pump CABG; 570 adults were randomized and 552 were analyzed. @entity1 were recruited and stratified into 3 levels according to preoperative @entity1397 exposure ( @entity1397 ingestion  <=7 days, @entity1397 discontinuation >7 days, and nonexposure). INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity927 (10-mg/kg-1 bolus and 10-mg/ @entity7285 maintenance dose) or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcomes included @entity190 , major @entity548 , and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion volume and exposure. RESULTS: As compared with controls, @entity1397 increased @entity190 (mean difference [MD], 270 mL; 95% CI, 135 to 404 mL), major @entity548 (risk difference [RD], 18.5; 95% CI, 7.85 to 29.2), volume of RBCs transfused (MD, 2.97 U; 95% CI, 1.51 to 4.43 U), and RBC transfusion exposure (RD, 17.9; 95% CI, 8.51 to 27.2). As compared with placebo, @entity927 reduced @entity190 (MD, -278 mL; 95% CI, -380 mL to -176 mL), major @entity548 (RD, -19.5; 95% CI, -27.7 to -11.4), volume of RBCs transfused (MD, -2.58 U; 95% CI -3.61 U to -1.55 U), and RBC transfusion exposure (RD, -18.9; 95% CI, -26.4 to -11.4). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significantly enhanced effect of @entity927 especially in @entity1 with @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Preoperative @entity1397 exposure increased @entity548 and transfusion requirements in @entity1 receiving on-pump CABG. @entity927 reduced this risk and provided extra protection selectively in the @entity1 with persistent @entity1397 exposure within 7 days before surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATIONL clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01060163.

title: Protective effects of XXXX on @entity1397 before coronary artery bypass grafting: a multicenter randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel bisulfate']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired platelet function']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid', 'Tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic acid']


abstract: The pathogenesis of aseptic loosening of total joint prostheses is not clearly understood. Two features are associated with loosened prostheses, namely, particulate debris and movement of the implant. While numerous studies have evaluated the cellular response to particulate biomaterials, few have investigated the influence of movement of the implant on the biological response to particles. Our aim was therefore to test the hypothesis that excessive mechanical stimulation of the periprosthetic tissues induces an inflammatory response and that the addition of particulate biomaterials intensifies this. We allocated 66 adult @entity235 to four groups as follows: stable implants with (I) and without (II) particulate polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and moving implants with (III) and without (IV) particulate PMMA. They were then evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. The stable implants were well tolerated and a thin, fibrous membrane of connective tissue was observed. There was evidence of positive staining in some cells for @entity7259 ( @entity7259 ). Addition of particulate PMMA around the stable implants resulted in an increase in the fibroblastic response and positive staining for @entity7259 and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity19208 ). By contrast, movement of the implant resulted in an immediate inflammatory response characterised by large numbers of histiocytes and cytokine staining for @entity20655 , @entity19208 and @entity7259 . Introduction of particulate PMMA aggravated this response. Animals with particulate PMMA and movement of the implant have an intense inflammatory response associated with accelerated @entity604 . Our results indicate that the initiation of the inflammatory response to biomaterial particles was much slower than that to gross mechanical instability. Furthermore, when there was both particulate debris and movement, there was an amplification of the adverse tissue response as evidenced by the presence of osteolysis and increases in the presence of inflammatory cells and their associated cytokines.

title: Effect of PMMA particles and movement on an implant interface in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: VT is usually characterized by stability of the RR intervals after a few cycles from the onset. The aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) variability in @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ), in whom a third-generation @entity1479 was previously implanted. Eighty-three episodes of VT were analyzed in 10 @entity1 (8 male, 2 female, 65 +/- 6 years) with @entity384 , and NYHA Class II (7 @entity1 ) or III (3 @entity1 ). As an index of @entity3656 variability, the coefficient of variance of the last 15 consecutive RR intervals (CVRR) of the detected and stored VT by the device was considered. The mean value of the RR intervals and the mean value of CVRR of the VT episodes recorded during day versus night time were compared. Fifty-five VT episodes were recorded during the day and 28 episodes during the night time. The mean RR intervals of VT episodes during day time was 335 +/- 29 ms and during the night time was 350 +/- 22 ms (P = NS). The mean CVRR of VT episodes during day time and night time were 2.83 +/- 0.52 and 3.36 +/- 0.48, respectively (P = 0.017). In conclusion, a circadian modulation of @entity3656 variability exists in @entity1 with @entity384 . The @entity3656 variability is less during day time compared to night time. A possible explanation is a circadian alteration of sympathovagal balance modifying the electrophysiological properties of the arrhythmogenic substrate.

title: Circadian modulation of ventricular tachycardia cycle length variability in XXXX @entity1 with @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['VTCL', 'VT cycle length']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1479 :: (OMIM:252500,Disease) :: ['ICD']


abstract: RATIONALE: There is a direct relationship between @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) reactivity and susceptibility to drug use in outbred @entity35 . Specifically, manipulations that increase or decrease @entity2339 activity also increase or decrease drug intake, respectively. Interestingly, this relationship has not been established in the inbred Fischer (F344) and Lewis (LEW) @entity35 strains that are often used as animal models of susceptibility to drug use. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the effects of manipulations known to affect @entity2339 activity on @entity1286 -induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male LEW, F344, and Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In experiment 1, animals were exposed to an injection of @entity25528 ( @entity25528 ) and 2-h restraint stress prior to the conditioning of a @entity1286 -induced place preference (1, 4, or 10 mg/kg subcutaneous). In experiment 2, animals were chronically exposed to corticotropin-releasing hormone type 1 receptor antagonist, @entity31085 , prior to CPP training. The effects of @entity25528 /restraint and @entity31085 on @entity2819 levels were examined in experiments 3 and 4. RESULTS: In outbred @entity35 , @entity25528 /restraint increased both @entity2339 activity and @entity1286 -induced CPP, while @entity31085 decreased CPP and produced a slight, but nonsignificant, decrease in @entity2819 levels. In the inbred @entity35 , however, @entity25528 /restraint increased plasma @entity2819 yet decreased place preferences in the LEW strain, and @entity31085 treatment decreased plasma @entity2819 but increased place preferences in the F344 strain. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the relationship between stress and drug use may be nonmonotonic. The use of these inbred strains in genetic analysis of @entity734 may require reexamination.

title: Effects of stress modulation on XXXX -induced conditioned place preferences and plasma @entity2819 levels in Fischer, Lewis, and @entity35 strains.

entities_list: @entity25528 :: ('MESH:C034818', 'Chemical') :: ['DMCM', 'methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

entities_list: @entity31085 :: ('MESH:C103016', 'Chemical') :: ['antalarmin']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate how the inhibitory and excitatory reflex components of the @entity1 (polysynaptic) withdrawal reflex are organized depending on the stimulation site. The reflexes were elicited during a voluntary pre-contraction (between 10 and 20% of maximum @entity2472 ) of two antagonistic muscles. METHODS: Inhibitory and excitatory reflex receptive fields to tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SO) were mapped in 14 healthy subjects using randomized electrical stimulation at 16 sites of the foot sole. Low, non- @entity158 (3x perception threshold), and high, @entity158 (1.5x @entity158 threshold), stimulus intensities were used. RESULTS: The inhibitory reflex receptive fields were organized in a highly functional manner supporting the action of the excitatory reflex. Together the two reflexes result in an optimal withdrawal from the stimulus. Low stimulation intensity was found sufficient to elicit the inhibitory reflex. High stimulation intensity caused a reversal of the inhibition to excitation in tibialis anterior. In soleus the inhibition was facilitated for stronger intensities. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, findings in animals of a modular organization of inhibitory reflexes are reproduced in @entity1 .

title: Modular organization of excitatory and inhibitory reflex receptive fields elicited by electrical stimulation of the foot sole in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Review of @entity18329 ( @entity18329 ) undergoing emergent neurosurgical intervention despite a very low Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score on admission in order to identify predictors of good outcome, with correlates to recent literature. METHODS: A retrospective review of select cases of @entity18329 presenting to our @entity130 center over the past 5 years with poor GCS requiring emergent neurosurgical intervention and a minimum of 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Out of a total of 17 @entity1 who went to the operating room (OR) for GSW to the head during this period, 4 cases with a GCS < 5 on admission were identified. All cases required a hemicraniectomy to alleviate cerebral swelling. Two cases presented with a unilaterally blown pupil due to @entity428 . The remaining 2 cases had equal and reactive pupils. One @entity1 with a GCS of 3 and a significant bilateral pattern of parenchymal bullet injury was initially assessed in moribund status but rallied and received a delayed hemicraniectomy on day 7. Three out of 4 @entity1 are functionally independent at 1-year follow-up. The fourth @entity1 who received a delayed decompression remains wheelchair dependent. CONCLUSION: Victims of @entity18329 can have good outcomes despite having a very poor admission GCS score and papillary abnormalities. Factors predicting good outcomes include the following: time from injury to surgical intervention of < 1 h; injury to noneloquent brain; and absence of @entity130 , brainstem, and major vessels.

title: "Time is brain" the Gifford factor - or: Why do some civilian XXXX to the head do unexpectedly well? A case series with outcomes analysis and a management guide.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18329 :: ('MESH:D014948', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial gunshot wounds', 'GSWs']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to midbrain', 'trauma']

answer: @entity18329 :: (MESH:D014948,Disease) :: ['gunshot wounds']


abstract: 1. Infusion of a @entity412 emulsion (Intralipid) into overnight fasted normal subjects produced a rise in plasma free @entity1718 (FFA) and blood @entity16623 . 2. @entity413 given orally 60 min after the start of the Intralipid infusion produced a sharp fall in blood @entity16623 without much change in plasma FFA. 3. An infusion of glucagon given together with Intralipid did not alter the reduction in blood @entity16623 produced by oral @entity413 in normal subjects. 4. Oral @entity413 given 60 min after the start of the Intralipid infusion in three @entity2690 -requiring @entity6 subjects produced no fall in blood @entity16623 . 5. The results suggest that @entity413 prevents the increase in blood @entity16623 after Intralipid through an increase in @entity2690 secretion rather than through a suppression of glucagon or as a direct effect of @entity413 . 6. It is most likely that the effect of @entity2690 is to inhibit hepatic ketogenesis.

title: Evidence for an hepatic anti-ketogenic effect of XXXX in man.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adjuvant intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IHIC) is a therapy which combines thermotherapy and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. It is theoretically powerful for @entity1 with advanced @entity356 (AGC), but is there evident advantage in clinical practice? We need evidence to guide our decision-making. OBJECTIVES: Meta-analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of adjuvant intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IHIC) for @entity1 with resectable locally advanced @entity356 , and to provide the reference for clinical practice and study. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Chinese databases (Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang) electronically and also retrieved papers from other sources (tracing related references and communication with other authors). All relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were collected to compare surgery combined with IHIC to surgery without IHIC for AGC. There were no language restrictions. After independent quality assessment and data extraction by two reviewers, meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.1 software. RESULTS: 16 RCTs involving 1,906 @entity1 were included. Compared with surgery alone, combination therapy (surgery plus IHIC) was associated with a signi   cant improvement in survival rate at 1 year (hazard ratio (HR)   =   2.99; 95% confidence interval (CI)   =   2.21 to 4.05; p   <   0.00001), 2 years (HR   =   2.43; 95%CI   =   1.81 to 3.26; p   <   0.00001), 3 years (HR   =   2.63; 95%CI   =   2.17 to 3.20; p   <   0.00001), 5 years (HR   =   2.49; 95%CI   =   1.97 to 3.14; p   <   0.00001), and 9 years (HR   =   2.14; 95%CI   =   1.38 to 3.32; p   =   0.0007). Compared with surgery alone, combination therapy was associated with a signi   cant reduction in recurrence rate at 2 years (RR   =   0.42; 95%CI   =   0.29 to 0.61; p   <   0.00001), 3 years (RR   =   0.35; 95%CI   =   0.24 to 0.51; p   <   0.00001) and 5 years (RR   =   0.47; 95%CI   =   0.39 to 0.56; p   <   0.00001). IHIC was not found to be associated with higher risks of @entity834 , ileus, bowel perforation, myelosuppression, @entity344 and hypohepatia, but it increased the incidence of @entity490 (RR   =   21.46; 95%CI   =   5.24 to 87.78; p   <   0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with surgery alone, surgery combined with IHIC can improve survival rate and reduce the recurrence rate, with acceptable safety. However, safety outcomes should be further evaluated by larger samples and high quality studies. Additionally, @entity221 for the intraperitoneal chemotherapy needs more clinical research.

title: Surgery combined with intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IHIC) for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal reaction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity6 depends on identifying a compatible clinical picture with confirmation by demonstrable abnormalities in blood @entity413 levels. In florid @entity6 , classical symptoms of @entity6 and high @entity413 in blood and urine make the diagnosis easy. For asymptomatic @entity6 ; if confirmed fasting blood @entity413 measures over 125 mg per 100 ml, the diagnosis is accepted. When the fasting blood @entity413 measures under 125 mg per 100 ml, I recommend an oral @entity413 tolerance test and apply suitable criteria for interpretation. The United States Public Health Service criteria represent a reasonable, moderate approach when one modifies the interpretation by cognizance of environmental factors in the @entity1 and by identifying interfering influences as drugs, physical inactivity, fever or starvation. Indeed, one should postpone a @entity413 tolerance test until these interfering factors abate. Management of the @entity1 with an abnormal @entity413 tolerance test includes sharing the prognostic dilemma with the @entity1 regarding the likelihood of deterioration in @entity413 tolerance to florid @entity6 . In this situation the term, abnormal @entity413 tolerance test, is preferred over chemical @entity6 . The physician and the @entity1 must develop some degree of comfort with a clinical state that often remains nebulous. Though the writings of authorities occasionally sound dogmatic, rigid, and conflicting, they reflect a viewpoint which opines that no clear answers are available; that the clinician and his @entity1 must accept this posture; and that together they must develop the best therapeutic program for the individual in question.

title: The diagnosis of XXXX : how to determine which @entity1 to treat.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with severe @entity712 , prolonged unloading of the myocardium with the use of a left ventricular assist device has been reported to lead to myocardial recovery in small numbers of @entity1 for varying periods of time. Increasing the frequency and durability of myocardial recovery could reduce or postpone the need for subsequent heart transplantation. METHODS: We enrolled 15 @entity1 with severe @entity712 due to nonischemic @entity296 and with no histologic evidence of active @entity2401 . All had markedly @entity998 and were receiving inotropes. The @entity1 underwent implantation of left ventricular assist devices and were treated with @entity3593 , @entity1405 , @entity1482 , and @entity9886 to enhance reverse remodeling. Once regression of @entity1002 had been achieved, the beta2-adrenergic-receptor agonist @entity16959 was administered to prevent @entity296 . RESULTS: Eleven of the 15 @entity1 had sufficient myocardial recovery to undergo explantation of the left ventricular assist device a mean (+/-SD) of 320+/-186 days after implantation of the device. One @entity1 died of intractable @entity943 24 hours after explantation; another died of @entity2 27 months after explantation. The cumulative rate of freedom from recurrent @entity712 among the surviving @entity1 was 100% and 88.9% 1 and 4 years after explantation, respectively. The quality of life as assessed by the Minnesota Living with @entity712 Questionnaire score at 3 years was nearly normal. Fifty-nine months after explantation, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 64+/-12%, the mean left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was 59.4+/-12.1 mm, the mean left ventricular end-systolic diameter was 42.5+/-13.2 mm, and the mean maximal @entity26 uptake with exercise was 26.3+/-6.0 ml per kilogram of body weight per minute. CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center study, we found that sustained reversal of severe @entity712 secondary to nonischemic @entity296 could be achieved in selected @entity1 with the use of a left ventricular assist device and a specific pharmacologic regimen.

title: Left ventricular assist device and drug therapy for the reversal of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial atrophy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['reduced cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity16959 :: ('MESH:D002976', 'Chemical') :: ['clenbuterol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular enlargement']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity194 is a common chronic condition among postmenopausal @entity1 that can affect their quality of life. Recent studies have evaluated new treatment alternatives for @entity194 ; however, few therapeutic options have been thoroughly evaluated. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and adverse effects of @entity172 , @entity251 , @entity3880 , and placebo lubricant for the treatment of postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity194 . METHODS: We conducted a randomized clinical trial with 80 postmenopausal @entity1 aged between 40 and 70 years who were being followed up at the Menopause Clinic of CAISM UNICAMP between November 2011 and January 2013. @entity1 were randomly assigned to topical vaginal treatment with @entity172 , @entity251 , @entity3880 , and placebo lubricant, three times a week for 12 weeks. We used the vaginal maturation index, pH, vaginal health score, vaginal flora, laboratory tests, and ultrasound to evaluate changes of @entity194 at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: After a 12-week treatment with topical @entity172 and @entity251 compared with the lubricant, an increased percentage of @entity1 had vaginal pH less than 5, increased vaginal score, and an increase in the number of lactobacilli. Treatment with topical @entity172 improved the vaginal maturation index and showed increased levels of @entity53 in three @entity1 . No changes were observed in the endometrial evaluation of all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: After a 12-week treatment with @entity251 and @entity172 compared with placebo lubrication, there was a significant improvement in vaginal trophism in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity194 .

title: Efficacy of vaginally applied XXXX , @entity251 , or @entity3880 on @entity194 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3880 :: ('CHEBI:51133', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylic acid']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Vaginal atrophy', 'vaginal atrophy']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop data-driven criteria for clinically @entity66 on and off therapy for @entity8817 ( @entity8817 ). METHODS: The Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) database contains 275 @entity1 with active @entity8817 evaluated prospectively up to 24 months. Thirty-eight @entity1 off therapy at 24 months were defined as clinically inactive and included in the reference group. These were compared with a random sample of 76 @entity1 who had active disease at study baseline. Individual measures of muscle strength/endurance, muscle enzymes, physician's and parent's global disease activity/damage evaluations, @entity66 criteria derived from the literature and other ad hoc criteria were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity and Cohen's k agreement. RESULTS: The individual measures that best characterised @entity66 (sensitivity and specificity >0.8 and Cohen's k >0.8) were manual muscle testing (MMT) >= 78, physician global assessment of muscle activity=0, physician global assessment of overall disease activity (PhyGloVAS)  <=0.2, Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS) >= 48, Disease Activity Score  <=3 and @entity66 Activity Assessment Visual Analogue Scale  <=0.2. The best combination of variables to classify a @entity1 as being in a state of @entity66 on or off therapy is at least three of four of the following criteria: @entity908 kinase  <=150, CMAS >= 48, MMT >= 78 and PhyGloVAS  <=0.2. After 24 months, 30/31 @entity1 (96.8%) were inactive off therapy and 69/145 (47.6%) were inactive on therapy. CONCLUSION: PRINTO established data-driven criteria with clearly evidence-based cut-off values to identify @entity8817 @entity1 with clinically @entity66 . These criteria can be used in clinical trials, in research and in clinical practice.

title: The PRINTO criteria for clinically @entity66 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis', 'JDM']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['inactive disease', 'Myositis Disease']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity8817 :: (MESH:C538250,Disease) :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2023 is associated with significant impairment in quality of life and therefore has a significant impact on the indirect health care costs associated with treatment of @entity2490 in the United States. It has been stated that early intervention in the treatment of @entity2490 by an @entity566 specialist improves health outcomes but few unbiased studies have been conducted to substantiate this claim. OBJECTIVE: This study measured quality of life outcomes in the treatment of @entity2490 by an @entity566 specialist. METHODS: Quality of life changes were assessed using the @entity7370 Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and the "Short-Form" 36-item questionnaire (SF-36) in @entity1 before and after treatment of @entity2490 by a board-certified allergist. @entity1 with @entity2490 were asked by a 3rd year medical student to complete these questionnaires prior to any contact with the allergist. Treatment by the allergist included counseling on avoidance measures when appropriate and a new medication regimen. @entity1 were contacted by the 3rd year medical student 3 to 5 months later to complete follow-up RQLQ and SF-36 surveys. All data analysis was conducted independently by the 3rd year medical student. RESULTS: Complete sets of pre-treatment and post-treatment surveys were obtained from 19 @entity1 . @entity9590 was diagnosed for 13 @entity1 , @entity9590 with a seasonal component was diagnosed for three @entity1 , @entity25488 was diagnosed for two @entity1 and mixed @entity56 and @entity2023 was diagnosed for one @entity1 . Statistically significant improvement was observed in four of the nine health concepts measured by the SF-36 questionnaire. Significant changes above the minimal important difference (MID) were observed post-treatment in six of eight RQLQ dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that intervention by a board-certified allergist significantly improves many areas of health-related quality of life. Further studies comparing health care outcomes and costs of treating @entity2490 by primary care physicians to early intervention by @entity566 specialists are warranted.

title: Treatment of XXXX by an @entity566 specialist improves quality of life outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['Rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'non-allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity25488 :: ('MESH:D012223', 'Disease') :: ['vasomotor rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinitis', 'chronic rhinitis symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis', 'Perennial allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinitis']


abstract: Constitutive activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) is involved in tumorigenesis and chemo-resistance. As the key regulator of NF-kB, @entity15955 is a major therapeutic target for various @entity5 . @entity42976 ( @entity16362 ) is a metabolite isolated from an endophytic fungus of the herbal plant Maytenus hookeri Loes. In this study, we evaluated the anti- @entity5 activity of @entity16362 and found that @entity16362 markedly inhibits the growth of @entity5 cells with constitutively activated NF-kB. @entity16362 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in @entity5 cells, activating pro-apoptotic proteins, including @entity42977 and @entity12982 , and decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins @entity588 , @entity1836 , and survivin. Reporter activity assay and target genes expression analysis illustrated that @entity16362 works as a potent inhibitor of the NF-kB signaling pathway. @entity16362 inhibits the phosphorylation and degradation of @entity4284 and blocks the nuclear translocation of @entity9135 , and thus inhibits the expression of NF-kB target genes @entity9846 , @entity4910 , and @entity1836 . Though @entity16362 does not directly interfere with @entity15955 kinase, it suppresses the phosphorylation of @entity15955 . Overexpression of constitutively activated @entity15955 aborted @entity16362 induced @entity5 cell apoptosis, whereas knockdown of endogenous @entity15955 with siRNA sensitized @entity5 cells toward apoptosis induced by @entity16362 . Moreover, @entity16362 showed a markedly weaker effect on normal cells. These findings suggest that @entity16362 may be a potential therapeutic candidate for @entity5 treatment, targeting NF-kB signaling.

title: @entity42976 induces cell death in NF-kB constitutively activated human @entity5 cells via inhibition of XXXX phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity42976 :: ('MESH:C025711', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichothecin']

answer: @entity15955 :: (3551,Gene) :: ['IKKb']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a microsecond 1,064-nm @entity3278 -doped yttrium @entity3775 garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for the treatment of @entity8721 . METHODS: Subjects ages 35-70 with Fitzpatrick skin types I to III and @entity8721 underwent two treatments with a micropulse (0.65  ms) 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser. Treatments were spaced 30  days apart, with a final evaluation 60  days after the second treatment. Evaluation included digital photography and an assessment of the degree of improvement on a scale from 1 to 5 by the subject and a nontreating investigator. RESULTS: Twenty subjects (18 @entity1 , two @entity1 ) with Fitzpatrick skin type II and III completed the study. The nontreating investigator rated the objective clinical response as total clearance (100% clear) in 10% (n  =  2) of subjects, significant clearance (>= 50% clear) in 75% (n  =  15), and some clearance (0-49% clear) in 15% (n  =  3). None of the subjects was rated as having no clearance or worsening. In terms of subjective clearance reported by subjects, 80% (n  =  16) reported significant clearance, with the remainder reporting some clearance. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The micropulse 1,064-nm Nd:YAG successfully treated @entity8721 with a high degree of @entity1 satisfaction, minimal discomfort, and no adverse events.

title: Successful treatment of XXXX using a micropulse 1,064-nm @entity3278 -doped yttrium @entity3775 garnet laser.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['facial telangiectasias']

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['facial telangiectasias']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective study was to examine rates and risk factors for @entity7184 among 824 @entity1 during Marine Corps Recruit Depot basic training at Parris Island, SC, in 1999. METHODS: Data collected included @entity227 ( @entity227 ), baseline performance on a standardized 1.5-mile timed run, and a pretraining questionnaire highlighting exercise and health habits. The @entity1 were followed during training for occurrence of @entity1642 and other @entity7184 . RESULTS: There were 868 lower-extremity @entity7184 for an overall injury rate of 12.6/1000 @entity227 . Rates for initial and subsequent injury were 8.7/1000 and 20.7/1000 @entity227 , respectively. There were 66 confirmed @entity1642 among 56 (6.8%) @entity1 (1.0/1000 @entity227 ). Logistic regression modeling indicated that low aerobic @entity410 (a slower time on the timed run (> 14.4 min)), no menses in six or more consecutive months during the past year, and less than 7 months of lower-extremity weight training were significantly associated with @entity1642 incidence. Self-rated fair-poor @entity410 at baseline was the only variable significantly associated with other non- @entity1642 @entity7184 during basic training. CONCLUSIONS: Among this sample of @entity1 , the risk of @entity7184 was high, with a twofold risk of subsequent injury. The results suggest that @entity1642 might be decreased if @entity1 entered training with high aerobic @entity410 and participated frequently in lower-extremity strength training. Furthermore, @entity1 reporting a history of @entity1866 at their initial medical exam may require closer observation during basic training.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX and @entity7184 in female recruits.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['training day exposures', 'TDE']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['overuse injuries', 'lower-extremity overuse injury', 'overuse injury']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularity']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity stress fractures', 'stress fracture injury', 'stress fracture']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['stress fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although CT scans are very useful clinically, potential @entity5 risks exist from associated ionising radiation, in particular for @entity1 who are more radiosensitive than adults. We aimed to assess the excess risk of @entity1778 and @entity1313 after CT scans in a cohort of @entity1 and young adults. METHODS: In our retrospective cohort study, we included @entity1 without previous @entity5 diagnoses who were first examined with CT in National Health Service (NHS) centres in England, Wales, or Scotland (Great Britain) between 1985 and 2002, when they were younger than 22 years of age. We obtained data for @entity5 incidence, mortality, and loss to follow-up from the NHS Central Registry from Jan 1, 1985, to Dec 31, 2008. We estimated absorbed brain and red bone marrow doses per CT scan in mGy and assessed excess incidence of @entity1778 and @entity5 with Poisson relative risk models. To avoid inclusion of CT scans related to @entity5 diagnosis, follow-up for @entity1778 began 2 years after the first CT and for @entity1313 5 years after the first CT. FINDINGS: During follow-up, 74 of 178,604 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1778 and 135 of 176,587 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1313 . We noted a positive association between radiation dose from CT scans and @entity1778 (excess relative risk [ERR] per mGy 0  036, 95% CI 0  005-0  120; p=0  0097) and @entity1313 (0  023, 0  010-0  049; p<0  0001). Compared with @entity1 who received a dose of less than 5 mGy, the relative risk of @entity1778 for @entity1 who received a cumulative dose of at least 30 mGy (mean dose 51  13 mGy) was 3  18 (95% CI 1  46-6  94) and the relative risk of @entity1313 for @entity1 who received a cumulative dose of 50-74 mGy (mean dose 60  42 mGy) was 2  82 (1  33-6  03). INTERPRETATION: Use of CT scans in @entity1 to deliver cumulative doses of about 50 mGy might almost triple the risk of @entity1778 and doses of about 60 mGy might triple the risk of @entity1313 . Because these @entity5 are relatively rare, the cumulative absolute risks are small: in the 10 years after the first scan for @entity1 younger than 10 years, one excess case of @entity1778 and one excess case of @entity1313 per 10,000 head CT scans is estimated to occur. Nevertheless, although clinical benefits should outweigh the small absolute risks, radiation doses from CT scans ought to be kept as low as possible and alternative procedures, which do not involve ionising radiation, should be considered if appropriate. FUNDING: US National @entity5 Institute and UK Department of Health.

title: Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of @entity1778 and XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'brain tumours cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours', 'brain cancer']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: The use of a high-flux membrane, which eliminates larger molecular weight solutes with better biocompatibility, has steadily increased since the discovery of @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) amyloidosis in 1985. The long-term effects of a dialyzer membrane on morbidity and mortality are not completely understood. To examine the membrane effect as a factor of @entity923 onset and mortality, multivariate Cox regression analysis with time-dependent covariate was conducted on 819 @entity1 from March 1968 to November 1994 at a single center. Two hundred and forty-eight of the @entity1 were either switched from the conventional to high-flux membrane or treated only with a high-flux membrane. Fifty-one @entity1 underwent a CTS operation and 206 died. Membrane status (on high-flux or on conventional) was considered as time-dependent covariate and risk was adjusted for age, gender, type of @entity8 and calendar year of dialysis initiation. The relative risk of CTS was reduced to 0.503 (P < 0.05) and mortality 0.613 (P < 0.05) by dialysis on the high-flux membrane, compared to the conventional membrane. Serial measurements of @entity2262 indicated significantly lower @entity2262 to persist in @entity1 on the high-flux membrane. The high-flux membrane decreased the risk of morbidity and mortality substantially. Larger molecule elimination was shown important not only for preventing @entity2262 amyloidosis, but for prolonging survival of dialysis @entity1 as well.

title: Switch from conventional to high-flux membrane reduces the risk of XXXX and mortality of hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2m', 'beta-2 microglobulin']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the surgical @entity130 after microincision phacoemulsification and small-incision coaxial phacoemulsification after implantation of conventional, foldable, hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. METHODS: A prospective investigator-masked case series comprised @entity1 with bilateral @entity231 who had @entity231 surgery on the same day. Thirty-three @entity1 (66 eyes) were randomized. Microincision @entity231 surgery (MICS) was performed through 2, 1.4 mm clear corneal incisions (CCIs) using bimanual sleeveless phacoemulsification (cool phaco) in 1 eye. Small-incision @entity231 surgery (SICS) was performed on the other eye through a 3.2 mm CCI. In all cases, an AcrySof SA60AT IOL was inserted, in the MICS group after the CCI was enlarged. Laser flare photometry, specular microscopy, corneal endothelial cell density, and pachymetry were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Intraindividual comparison and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: There were no relevant clinical differences or perioperative complications in either group. There were no statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative anterior chamber flare or endothelial cell loss. On the first postoperative day, the MICS group had statistically significantly increased @entity4 (P = .008). Postoperatively, the mean endothelial cell density loss was higher in the MICS group (6.2%) than in the SICS group (3.10%); however, the difference between groups was not significant (P = .08) CONCLUSIONS: Microincision @entity231 surgery was a safe and reproducible technique. The postoperative results in the MICS group were comparable to those in the SICS group.

title: Intraindividual comparison of surgical XXXX after bimanual microincision and conventional small-incision coaxial phacoemulsification.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['corneal swelling']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The difference between the first postpacing interval (PPI) after @entity591 entrainment from the right ventricular apex and the @entity591 cycle length (TCL) can be used as an index of proximity to the circuit. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the response to entrainment of @entity591 during ventricular stimulation with correction for AV node delay is a useful, simple maneuver for differentiating @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ) from orthodromic reciprocating @entity591 (ORT) using a concealed accessory pathway. METHODS: The study consisted of 193 consecutive @entity1 who underwent electrophysiologic study and ablation of regular paroxysmal supraventricular @entity591 without preexcitation during sinus rhythm. @entity591 entrainment was attempted through trains of 5 to 15 right ventricular apex pacing pulses. The increment in AV nodal conduction time in the first PPI was subtracted from the PPI-TCL difference (corrected PPI-TCL). RESULTS: Electrophysiologic study demonstrated ORT in 84 @entity1 and @entity2917 in 109 @entity1 . Transient entrainment was achieved in all but 12 @entity1 . The mean corrected PPI-TCL difference was significantly shorter in 77 @entity1 with ORT (66 +/- 27 ms) than in 104 @entity2917 @entity1 (151 +/- 28 ms; P <.0001). @entity1 with septal accessory pathways had shorter corrected @entity7371 -TCL differences than @entity1 with free-wall accessory pathways. The presence of a corrected PPI-TCL difference <110 ms identified all but one @entity1 with ORT, and no @entity1 with @entity2917 had such a difference. CONCLUSION: The return cycle after @entity591 entrainment by right ventricular apex stimulation with correction for AV node delay is a rapid, useful maneuver for differential diagnosis of @entity2917 vs ORT in @entity1 without preexcitation. The presence of a corrected PPI-TCL <110 ms accurately identified with high reliability those @entity1 with ORT.

title: First postpacing interval after @entity591 entrainment with correction for atrioventricular node delay: a simple maneuver for differential diagnosis of XXXX versus orthodromic reciprocating @entity591 .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['AV nodal reentrant tachycardia', 'AVNRT']

answer: @entity2917 :: (MESH:D013611,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical stabilization of flail @entity764 with generic osteosynthesis implants remains challenging. A novel implant system comprising anatomic rib plates and intramedullary splints may improve surgical stabilization of flail @entity764 . This observational study evaluated our early clinical experience with this novel implant system to document if it can simplify the surgical procedure while providing reliable stabilization. METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 that underwent stabilization of flail @entity764 with anatomic plates and intramedullary splints were prospectively enrolled at two Level I @entity130 centres. Data collection included @entity1 demographics, injury characterization, surgical procedure details and post-operative recovery. Follow-up was performed at three and six months to assess pulmonary function, durability of implants and fixation and @entity1 health. RESULTS: @entity1 had an Injury Severity Score of 28  10, a chest Abbreviated Injury Score of 4.2  0.4 and 8.5  2.9 fractured ribs. Surgical stabilization was achieved on average with five plates and one splint. Intra-operative contouring was required in 14% of plates. Post-operative duration of ventilation was 6.4  8.6 days. Total hospitalization was 15  10 days. At three months, @entity1 had regained 84% of their expected forced vital capacity (%FVC). At six months, 7 of 15 @entity1 that completed follow-up had returned to work. There was no mortality. Among the 91 rib plates, 15 splints and 605 screws in this study there was no hardware failure and no loss of initial fixation. There was one incidence of @entity2737 . Implants were removed in one @entity1 after @entity174 had healed. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic plates eliminated the need for extensive intraoperative plate contouring. Intramedullary rib splints provided a less-invasive fixation alternative for single, non-comminuted @entity174 . These early clinical results indicate that the novel implant system provides reliable fixation and accommodates the wide range of @entity174 encountered in flail @entity764 .

title: Surgical stabilization of flail XXXX with MatrixRIB implants: a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury', 'chest injuries']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest injuries']


abstract: @entity4188 ( @entity4188 ) is a key P450 enzyme involved in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous substrates in endocrine-mediated @entity5 such as @entity263 . The potential significance of nonsynonymous SNP @entity27514 ( @entity27515 ) as a risk factor in @entity263 has been extensively studied. The objective of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively summarize the association between @entity4188 @entity27514 polymorphism and @entity263 . All eligible studies were searched and acquired from the PubMed and ISI databases. Statistical analysis was performed by using the software STATA 11.0. Ten case-controlled studies from nine eligible publications were identified, which includes 6,668 subjects with 3,221 cases and 3,447 controls. Overall, no significant association was found between the @entity4188 @entity27514 polymorphism and @entity263 susceptibility for @entity2596 / @entity2596 vs Leu/Leu (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.79-1.44; P = 0.67), Leu/ @entity2596 vs Leu/Leu (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.94-1.17; P = 0.42), Leu/ @entity2596 + @entity2596 / @entity2596 vs Leu/Leu (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.91-1.26; P = 0.40) and @entity2596 / @entity2596 vs Leu/ @entity2596 + Leu/Leu (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.86-1.44; P = 0.43). However, a higher risk was found among Asians in all genetic models ( @entity2596 / @entity2596 vs Leu/Leu :OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.14-5.39, P = 0.02; Leu/ @entity2596 vs Leu/Leu: OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03-1.89, P = 0.03; Leu/ @entity2596 + @entity2596 / @entity2596 vs Leu/Leu: OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.14-2.01, P = 0.004; @entity2596 / @entity2596 vs Leu/ @entity2596 + Leu/Leu: OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.35-4.56, P = 0.004). We were not able to detect any association in the subgroup analysis by source of controls and genotyping method in all genetic models. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides evidence that @entity4188 @entity27514 polymorphism is not associated with @entity263 risk overall with the exception in Asians.

title: Association of the @entity4188 XXXX polymorphism with the risk of @entity263 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity27514 :: ('p|SUB|L|432|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Leu432Val']

answer: @entity27514 :: (p|SUB|L|432|V,ProteinMutation) :: ['Leu432Val']


abstract: The plastidic caseinolytic protease (Clp) of higher plants is an evolutionarily conserved protein degradation apparatus composed of a proteolytic core complex (the P and R rings) and a set of accessory proteins (ClpT, ClpC, and ClpS). The role and molecular composition of Clps in higher plants has just begun to be unraveled, mostly from studies with the model dicotyledonous plant @entity958 ( @entity958 ). In this work, we isolated a virescent yellow leaf (vyl) mutant in @entity579 ( @entity579 ), which produces chlorotic leaves throughout the entire growth period. The young chlorotic leaves turn green in later developmental stages, accompanied by alterations in @entity38 accumulation, chloroplast ultrastructure, and the expression of chloroplast development- and photosynthesis-related genes. Positional cloning revealed that the VYL gene encodes a protein homologous to the @entity958 @entity41473 subunit and that it is targeted to the chloroplast. VYL expression is constitutive in most tissues examined but most abundant in leaf sections containing chloroplasts in early stages of development. The mutation in vyl causes premature termination of the predicted gene product and loss of the conserved catalytic triad ( @entity563 - @entity3793 - @entity492 ) and the polypeptide-binding site of VYL. Using a tandem affinity purification approach and mass spectrometry analysis, we identified OsClpP4 as a VYL-associated protein in vivo. In addition, yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that VYL directly interacts with OsClpP3 and OsClpP4. Furthermore, we found that OsClpP3 directly interacts with OsClpT, that OsClpP4 directly interacts with OsClpP5 and OsClpT, and that both OsClpP4 and OsClpT can homodimerize. Together, our data provide new insights into the function, assembly, and regulation of Clps in higher plants.

title: A XXXX virescent-yellow leaf mutant reveals new insights into the role and assembly of plastid caseinolytic protease in higher plants.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa', 'rice']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: We developed an isolated @entity95 atrial preparation which responds consistently and reproducibly to brief, submaximal stimulation of the autonomic nerves contained in it. In 6 of 11 preparations in the presence of @entity1169 (1 mg/liter), the time course of changes in the atrial rate following 120 msec vagal stimulation was bimodal. The maximal slowing occurred at 0.64 +/- 0.16 second, and the peak secondary slowing occurred at 2.3 +/- 1.0 seconds. An acceleratory component occurred between the first and second peaks between 0.8 and 1.6 seconds. The total time course of vagal effect lasted for 5.0 +/- 2.0 seconds. These changes in rate could not be explained by shifts in the location of the primary pacemaker. The acceleratory component was due to a 4.7 +/- 2.0 (SD) mV depolarization of the maximum diastolic membrane potential of the primary pacemaker of the sinus node which lasted for 1.8 +/- 0.3 seconds. Following vagal stimulation, there was an increase of 0.2 mM in the activity of @entity972 in the extracellular space recorded with a @entity972 -sensitive electrode; this peaked between 1.4 and 2.5 seconds and cleared with an exponential time course. The halftimes for recovery ranged between 2.8 and 4.6 seconds. The initial peak slowing of the bimodal time course and the acceleratory component therefore appear to be direct effects of @entity934 . The secondary slowing occurs after @entity934 presumably has been inactivated and occurs coincidently with the accumulation of @entity972 in the extracellular space.

title: The effect of brief vagal stimulation on the isolated XXXX sinus node.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dairy products may be involved in the etiology of @entity29 by modulating gut microbiota and immune responses, but data from epidemiological studies examining this relationship are limited. We investigated the association between prediagnostic intake of these foods and dietary @entity460 , and the subsequent development of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ). METHODS: In total, 401,326 @entity1 were enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition cohort. At recruitment, consumption of total and specific dairy products (milk, yogurt, and cheese) and dietary @entity460 was measured using validated food frequency questionnaires. Cases developing incident @entity30 (n = 110) or @entity31 (n = 244) during follow-up were matched with 4 controls. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for total energy intake and smoking. RESULTS: Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs for the highest quartile of total dairy products and dietary @entity460 intake were 0.61 (95% CI, 0.32-1.19, p trend = 0.19) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.28-1.42, p trend = 0.23) for @entity30 , and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.50-1.30, p trend = 0.40) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.49-1.34, p trend = 0.60) for @entity31 , respectively. Compared with nonconsumers, individuals consuming milk had significantly reduced odds of @entity30 (OR 0.30, 95% CI, 0.13-0.65) and nonsignificantly reduced odds of @entity31 (OR 0.85, 95% CI, 0.49-1.47). CONCLUSIONS: Milk consumption may be associated with a decreased risk of developing @entity30 , although a clear dose-response relationship was not established. Further studies are warranted to confirm this possible protective effect.

title: Dairy Products, Dietary XXXX , and Risk of @entity29 : Results From a European Prospective Cohort Investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: @entity413 transport by the 492-residue @entity1 erythrocyte hexose transport protein may involve ligand-mediated conformational/positional changes. To examine this possibility, hydrophilic quencher molecules [ @entity7526 and @entity3323 (ACR)] were used to monitor the quenching of the total protein intrinsic fluorescence exhibited by the six protein @entity2340 (Trp) residues in the presence and absence of substrate @entity413 , and in the presence of the inhibitors @entity7969 and @entity2389 . Protein fluorescence was found to be quenched under various conditions, ca. 14-24% by KI and ca. 25-33% by ACR, indicating that the bulk of the Trp residue population occurs in normally inaccessible hydrophobic regions of the erythrocyte membrane. However, in the presence of @entity413 , quenching by KI and ACR decreased an average of -3.4% and -4.4%, respectively; Stern-Volmer plots displayed @entity393 in the presence of @entity413 , confirming the relatively reduced quenching. In contrast, quenching efficiency increased in the presence of @entity7969 (+5.9%, +3.3%), while addition of @entity2389 had no effect on fluorescence quenching. The overall results are interpreted in terms of ligand-activated movement of an initially aqueous-located protein segment containing a Trp residue into, or toward, the cellular membrane. Relocation of this segment, in effect, opens the @entity413 channel; @entity7969 and @entity2389 would thus inhibit transport by mechanisms which block this positional change. Conformational and hydropathy analyses suggested that the region surrounding Trp-388 is an optimal "dynamic segment" which, in response to ligand activation, could undergo the experimentally deduced aqueous/membrane domain transfer.

title: Ligand-dependent quenching of XXXX fluorescence in @entity1 erythrocyte hexose transport protein.

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity7526 :: ('MESH:D011193', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium iodide']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased slopes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['D-Glucose', 'D-glucose']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: 1. Effects of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation on central dopaminergic system were investigated by testing the behavioral responses to @entity3826 and brain @entity935 metabolism in @entity19 . 2. @entity11755 for 48 hr significantly suppressed @entity3826 . @entity5828 (3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg, i.p.)-stimulated spontaneous locomotor activity without affecting the intensity of stereotyped behavior. 3. Neither the latency of nociceptive response in a hot-plate test nor the duration of @entity4485 -induced sleep was changed by @entity11755 . 4. @entity935 turnover in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens of REM sleep-deprived @entity19 was significantly higher than that of control animals. 5. These results suggest that @entity11755 may decrease the function of postsynaptic @entity935 receptor in the mesolimbic but not nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.

title: @entity11755 decreases @entity3826 -induced stimulation of locomotor activity but not stereotyped behavior in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep deprivation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: FUNDAMENTALS: American @entity232 (ATL) treatment remains a challenge, since most available drugs are injectable and only a small number of comparative, randomized clinical trials have been performed to support their use. Moreover, treatment outcome may depend on the causative species of @entity8436 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and tolerability of @entity17004 , @entity7341 , and @entity2379 in the treatment of ATL caused by @entity8436 ) guyanensis. METHODS: 185 @entity1 were selected according to the eligibility criteria and randomly allocated into three groups - two groups with 74 @entity1 each, and one group with 37 @entity1 , which underwent @entity1559 , @entity7341 and @entity2379 treatment, respectively. Doses, mode of administration and time periods of treatment followed the current recommendations for each drug. @entity1 were re-examined one, two and six months after completion of treatment. RESULTS: No differences were observed among the therapeutic groups in relation to gender, age, number or site of lesions. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed efficacy of 58.1% for @entity7341 and 55.5% for @entity1559 (p=0.857). The @entity2379 group was analyzed separately, since 28 @entity1 (75.7%) in this group refused to continue participating in the study. Mild or moderate adverse effects were reported by 74 (40%) @entity1 , especially @entity4841 (20.3%) in the @entity1559 group, and @entity158 (35.1%) or induration (10.8%) at the site of injection in the @entity7341 group. CONCLUSION: @entity7341 and @entity1559 show similar efficacy in the treatment of ATL caused by L. guyanensis. Given the low efficacy of both drugs, there is an urgent need for new therapeutical approaches.

title: A randomized clinical trial comparing XXXX , @entity7341 and @entity2379 for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by @entity8436 guyanensis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17004 :: ('MESH:C005278', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine antimoniate']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['tegumentary leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity1559 :: ('MESH:D008536', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine']

entities_list: @entity7341 :: ('MESH:D010419', 'Chemical') :: ['pentamidine', 'pentamidine isethionate', 'Pentamidine']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity8436 :: ('5660', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania', 'Leishmania (Viannia']

answer: @entity17004 :: (MESH:C005278,Chemical) :: ['meglumine antimoniate']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC (Rutaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of @entity627 , @entity96 , @entity32 etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study is aimed at elucidating the effect of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC on the key markers of apoptosis, @entity3 and angiogenesis, in vitro. The study also evaluated the effect of fractions in vivo in @entity106 -induced @entity5 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fractions of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC leaf extracts was studied for their effect on apoptotic markers in @entity0 cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. They were also studied for their effect on metastatic and angiogenic markers, @entity1495 and @entity7738 in MCF-7 cells. The fractions were studied in vivo in @entity106 -induced @entity5 model in @entity35 . RESULTS: The studies showed that the fractions induced apoptosis in @entity0 cells through the intrinsic/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The fractions were also able to inhibit the metastatic and angiogenic markers, @entity1495 and @entity7738 . Anti- @entity5 studies in @entity106 -induced mammary model in @entity35 also showed favorable results.

title: In vitro mechanistic and in vivo anti- XXXX studies of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC against @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer, liver disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: It is known that @entity404 (+) regulatory T cells (Tr cells) play a central role in inducing immune tolerance in animals and @entity1 . Compared to polyclonal Tr cells, autoantigen-specific Tr cells are more potent at blocking pathogenic immune responses. In order to better understand the role of Tr cells in controlling type 1 @entity6 development and to help design effective antigen-specific cell-based therapeutic methods to treat the disease, it is necessary to: (a) determine the antigen specificity of Tr cells; (b) study how antigen-specific Tr cells behave in vivo; (c) investigate the interaction of Tr cells with pathogenic T cells (Tpath cells) and determine whether such interaction correlates with the progression or inhibition of @entity6 ; and (d) determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of @entity6 by Tr cells. We have addressed these questions with a focus on the studies of @entity367 decarboxylase (GAD)-specific T cells. Previous studies have suggested that GAD-specific T cells play a key role in type 1 @entity6 . Treatment of NOD @entity19 with GAD or its peptides can prevent the progression toward overt disease. The preventive effect could be due to either the deletion of antigen-specific pathogenic T cells or the induction of potent antigen-specific Tr cells. Using antigen-specific I-Ag7 tetramers we have isolated several populations of GAD peptide-specific T cells from @entity6 and @entity6 -resistant NOR @entity19 . Herein, we summarize our studies on the role of these GAD peptide-specific T cells in type 1 @entity6 . We present evidence that supports the hypothesis that the repertoire of T cells specific for these GAD peptides is biased toward Tr cells that inhibit @entity6 rather than toward pathogenic T cells that induce @entity6 .

title: XXXX decarboxylase-specific CD4+ regulatory T cells.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes-prone NOD']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity367 :: (CHEBI:18237,Chemical) :: ['Glutamic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) may be discrete or extensive, and larger lesions may be difficult to remove with surgery. @entity75 have a tendency to recur. We report our experience with @entity1068 ablation of @entity1211 . METHODS: All 12 @entity1 (seven @entity1 ; mean age, 37 years) were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging before treatment. A total of 19 prior surgical excisions had been performed for seven of the @entity1 . Symptoms were present in all 12 @entity1 and included @entity548 , @entity158 , @entity4 , and limitation of exercise. The @entity1211 were present in the lower extremities of seven @entity1 , in the upper extremities of three @entity1 , and in the flank and buttocks in two @entity1 . RESULTS: The 12 @entity1 have undergone 30 injection procedures, with six @entity1 requiring one, three @entity1 requiring two, two @entity1 requiring three, and one @entity1 having undergone 12 treatments. General anesthesia was used in 11 @entity1 . @entity190 was minimal for all procedures, and 28 of the 30 procedures were technically successful. Skin ulceration was seen in approximately half of the treated @entity1211 , all of which healed with local wound care. Focal @entity1211 were injected in six @entity1 and resolved with a single treatment in five @entity1 . @entity1 were free of symptoms at a mean follow-up of 10 months. Extensive @entity1211 were injected for discrete, symptomatic areas in five @entity1 . These lesions all regressed and were asymptomatic at a mean follow-up of 23 months in all but one @entity1 . However, these lesions required multiple treatments as additional areas became problematic. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1068 @entity1463 is a well-tolerated, safe, and effective adjunct to the management of @entity1211 . Advantages of @entity1068 injection include the ability to treat a very localized area without an incision. Conversely, extensive lesions may be @entity1109 occur.

title: Treatment of @entity1211 by direct injection with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Incompletely removed lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['palliated as symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VMs', 'Venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity706 have many morphologic forms and clinical features. Lymphoma presents rarely with a constellation of nodules, @entity3139 , and @entity2631 . The histopathologic similarities of @entity706 and connective tissue disease @entity3139 may create a diagnostic challenge. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the case of a 47-year-old @entity1 who presented 15 years earlier with recurrent fevers, @entity1295 , tender subcutaneous nodules, and facial, trunk, and extremity @entity3388 . RESULTS: Initial biopsy of a cutaneous nodule showed @entity3139 without atypical inflammatory cells. Serologic tests showed negative connective tissue serologies, yet the initial clinical impression was most consistent with @entity30338 . Initially, the @entity1 was treated with oral @entity229 ; later, @entity134 -sparing agents were used with modest improvement evidenced by resolution of his systemic symptoms and stabilization of the cutaneous findings. A decade later, more pronounced @entity2652 , new facial nodules, and posterior thigh @entity158 developed. Laboratory testing showed @entity1431 , elevated liver and muscle enzymes, @entity2298 , and a low level of high-density lipoprotein. Biopsy of a new chin nodule indicated @entity3191 , whereas an evaluation for systemic malignant involvement was negative. The @entity1 was started on chemotherapy, which resulted in stabilization of the @entity3388 and decreasing size and frequency of the cutaneous nodules, but the posterior thigh @entity158 persisted. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of @entity706 presenting as nodules and profound @entity3388 , which exemplifies the complexity of @entity706 . Profound @entity3388 and @entity3139 may be an unusual and diagnostically challenging presentation of @entity706 .

title: XXXX presenting as @entity3388 and nodules.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'cutaneous lymphoma', 'Cutaneous lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity30338 :: ('MESH:D015435', 'Disease') :: ['lupus panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['localized lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3388 :: ('MESH:C535905', 'Disease') :: ['lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis', 'lymphohistiocytic panniculitis']

answer: @entity3191 :: (MESH:D016411,Disease) :: ['Peripheral T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of a functionally-based neurorehabilitation programme. DESIGN: Retrospective, case-matched cohort design. SETTING: An inpatient acquired @entity1545 (ABI) service at a post-acute rehabilitation facility. In 2001, a functionally-based rehabilitation model was introduced that streams @entity1 into neurocognitive (NC) and neurophysical (NP) treatment groups based on predominant functional deficits. METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity1 with @entity131 admitted to the ABI service before implementation of the functionally-based programme comprised a historical control group. These @entity1 were individually case-matched to 69 @entity1 admitted after the functionally-based programme began. Rehabilitation outcomes were compared between matched @entity1 treated before and after implementation of the programme. OUTCOME MEASURES: Rehabilitation length of stay (RLOS), @entity177 ( @entity177 ) and Disability Rating Scale (DRS) at rehabilitation discharge and @entity177 efficiency. RESULTS: At discharge, the NP-stream had a significantly higher @entity177 motor efficiency compared to the historical control (0.41 vs. 0.29; p   =   0.01). The NC-stream had significantly less disability, as measured by the DRS, compared to its control (3.63 vs. 5.05; p   =   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study presents preliminary evidence that a rehabilitation programme that targets functional needs rather than diagnosis may be useful in improving function after @entity131 .

title: Efficacy of a functionally-based neurorehabilitation programme: a retrospective case-matched study of rehabilitation outcomes following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) following topical application of @entity2518 (ALA) is increasingly employed for several types of @entity5 . However, data with respect to tissue penetration and distribution of ALA-induced porphyrins after topical application are scarce. Therefore, it was our aim to study tissue distribution and the penetration potency of topically applied ALA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used @entity329 implanted with the @entity5701 A-Mel-3 growing in a transparent dorsal skinfold chamber. ALA was topically applied in aqueous solution at a concentration of 3% for 4 hours. The fluorescence pattern was quantified by fluorescence microscopy and digital image analysis from cryosections and given as percentage of a reference standard in medians (25%, 75% quartiles). RESULTS: Fluorescence intensities in @entity5 were 90.8% (56.2%, 115.2% of a reference standard, p < 0.01 vs. normal tissue) significantly exceeding normal surrounding host tissue yielding fluorescence intensities of 12.1% (9.1%, 16.1%). The @entity5 selectivity, that is the ratio of fluorescence intensities between @entity5 and normal tissue, was 7.3 (6.1, 9.1). For superficial @entity5 with a thickness of approximately 1 mm no fluorescence gradients after topical application of ALA could be observed. CONCLUSION: In superficial cancerous lesions the fluorescence distribution of ALA induced @entity7889 is @entity5 selective without significant fluorescence gradients throughout the @entity5 . Thus, by optimising the treatment modalities for topical ALA-PDT an enhanced efficacy and selectivity will be reached.

title: Tissue distribution and penetration of @entity2518 induced fluorescence in an XXXX after topical application.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian golden hamsters']

answer: @entity5701 :: (MESH:D018328,Disease) :: ['amelanotic melanoma']


abstract: The hypocretins are peptides synthesized in neurons of the @entity2339 . Recent studies have suggested a role for these peptides in the regulation of sleep, feeding, and endocrine regulation. The distribution of hypocretin-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers has been extensively described in @entity35 , but not in other species. This study was designed to examine the distribution of hypocretin immunoreactivity in @entity329 , as important differences in neuropeptide distribution between @entity35 and hamsters have previously been demonstrated. Immunoreactive cell bodies were found primarily in the lateral hypothalamic area and the perifornical area, although a few hypocretin-positive cells were also located in the dorsomedial @entity2339 and the retrochiasmatic area. Fibers were distributed throughout the brain in a pattern similar to that seen in @entity35 . The densest projections were found in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe, and lateroanterior @entity2339 . The innervation of the anterior @entity2339 may be of particular interest as similar cluster of immunoreactivity does not appear to be present in @entity35 . Moderate levels of immunoreactivity could be seen throughout the @entity2339 , the lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, A5 noradrenergic area, and the midline thalamic nuclei. Hypocretin-immunoreactive fibers are present in all lamina of the spinal cord, with the greatest axon densities in lamina 1 and 10. The widespread distribution of hypocretin suggests its involvement in a wide variety of physiological and behavioral processes. Our results in hamsters indicate that the organization of the hypocretin system is strongly conserved across species, suggesting an important role for the peptide and its projections.

title: Distribution of hypocretin-(orexin) immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of XXXX ( @entity329 ).

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the cost-effectiveness of implantable loop recorders (ILRs) in @entity1 with transient @entity909 (TLoC), which, after initial assessment and specialist cardiovascular assessment, is either suspected to be arrhythmic in origin or remains unexplained. This analysis was conducted to inform clinical guideline recommendations made by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the management of TLoC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Decision analytic modelling was used to estimate the costs and benefits of using ILRs compared with a strategy of no further diagnostic testing. Diagnostic outcomes were estimated from a systematic review and used to populate a decision tree model. To capture the main consequences of diagnosis, the costs and benefits of treatment for several clinically significant @entity943 were estimated within the model. We used a cost-utility approach, in which benefits are measured using quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and took a UK National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services perspective. The cost per QALY was   17,400 in @entity1 with unexplained @entity1163 and   16,400 in @entity1 with suspected @entity1163 . Sensitivity analysis found that the cost-effectiveness estimates are fairly robust despite the areas of uncertainty identified in the evidence and assumptions used to inform the model. CONCLUSIONS: Implantable loop recorder monitoring is likely to be a cost-effective strategy in @entity1 presenting to the UK NHS who are experiencing infrequent episodes of TLoC which either remain unexplained or are suspected to be arrhythmic after initial assessment and specialist cardiovascular assessment. Implantable loop recorder monitoring has been recommended by NICE for these populations.

title: Implantable loop recorders are cost-effective when used to investigate transient XXXX which is either suspected to be arrhythmic or remains unexplained.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'arrhythmic syncope']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

answer: @entity909 :: (MESH:D014474,Disease) :: ['loss of consciousness']


abstract: Platelet activation seems to play a critical role in a number of @entity455 , including @entity64 . The aim of our study was whole-blood flow cytometry evaluation of platelet activation markers: @entity8729 ( @entity8729 ), glycoprotein-53 ( @entity5775 ) and platelet-derived microparticle in vivo in @entity1 with @entity385 . We investigated 50 @entity1 (29 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 , mean age 67.8) with @entity385 . Parameters of platelet activation were measured on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after @entity64 onset. Comparisons were made with 20 control @entity1 matched age. Compared to controls (1.6 +/- 0.7%) the @entity64 @entity1 showed higher expression of @entity8729 on the 1st (2.6 +/- 1.4%), 3rd (3.5 +/- 2.3%) and 7th (3.0 +/- 2.0%) day after @entity64 onset. The differences were statistically significant on all days (p < 0.05). Compared to controls (1.5 +/- 0.6%) the @entity64 @entity1 had also higher expression of @entity5775 on the 1st (1.9 +/- 0.6%), 3rd (2.0 +/- 0.6%) day and they showed higher level of platelet-derived microparticles on the 3rd (13.0 +/- 3.0%) day after @entity64 onset. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Elevated expression of @entity8729 , @entity5775 and platelet-derived microparticles level indicate platelet activation during the acute phase of @entity64 . Flow cytometry is a useful tool for in vivo assessment of platelet activation.

title: [Blood platelet activation markers in XXXX with @entity385 during the earliest stage of the disease--evaluation using flow cytometry methods].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2533 plays a dual role in the progression of @entity1 @entity5 . During the early stages of carcinogenesis, @entity2533 functions as a @entity5 suppressor. During the late stages of @entity5 development, however, @entity2533 can promote @entity5 growth and @entity3 . A shift in @entity14877 phosphorylation from the @entity1473 terminus to linker sites is a key event determining biological function of @entity2533 in @entity14 . In the present study, we investigated the potential role of differential @entity14877 phosphorylation in @entity356 . METHODOLOGY: Immunohistochemical staining with anti-P- @entity2536 /3C and P- @entity2536 /3L antibodies was performed on 130 paraffin-embedded @entity356 specimens. The relationship between P- @entity2536 /3C and P- @entity2536 /3L immunohistochemical score and clinicopathologic characteristics of @entity1 was analyzed. Real time PCR was used to measure mRNA expression of @entity2536 and @entity7379 in @entity5 and surrounding non- @entity5 tissue. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: No significant P- @entity2536 L and/or P-Smad3L positive staining was detected in the majority of specimens (positive staining in 18/130 samples). Positive P- @entity2536 /3L staining was not associated with a decrease in carboxyterminal phosphorylation staining. Loss of P-Smad2C remarkably correlated with depth of @entity5 infiltration and poor differentiation of @entity5 cells in @entity1 with @entity356 . No correlation was detectable between P-Smad3C and clinicopathologic characteristics of @entity356 . However, co-staining analysis revealed that P-Smad3C co-localised with @entity1970 and collagen I in @entity356 cells, indicating a potential link between P-Smad3C and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of @entity5 . Real time PCR demonstrated reduced mRNA expression of @entity2536 in @entity356 when compared with surrounding non- @entity5 tissue in 15/16 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Loss of P-Smad2C tightly correlated with @entity3 and poor differentiation in @entity356 . Contrary to @entity14 , canonical @entity1473 -terminal phosphorylation, but not linker phosphorylation, of @entity2536 is critical for @entity356 .

title: Decreased levels of active @entity2536 correlate with poor prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Fifty-three adult asthmatic subjects requiring 800 micrograms or more of inhaled @entity2715 were enrolled in a double-blind parallel group study of 6-month duration to compare the efficacy and side effects of inhaled @entity4184 in doses of 800, 1,200, and 1,600 micrograms given two or four times a day ( @entity5353 or QID). After a two-week observation period to establish baseline, subjects were given the same dose of @entity4184 as they would be for @entity2715 ; however, the frequency regimen ( @entity5353 or QID) was randomly allocated. Subjects were asked to fill in diary cards describing their asthmatic symptoms, need for medication, and throat symptoms. They were assessed by a physician every 4 wk, at which time spirometry was performed. Throat swabs were done at every other monthly visit. @entity701 and response to @entity701 after synthetic ACTH injection were assessed at the beginning and end of the trial. Thirty-six subjects, half in each group, completed the study. Those on the @entity5353 regimen had almost twice as many days with nocturnal @entity565 and cough and almost three times as many days with disability due to @entity565 . There were also twice as many relapses in the @entity5353 regimen as judged by the clinician. These relapses mainly occurred toward the end of the study. The maximal daily swings in peak expiratory flow rates were slightly greater in the @entity5353 group, although this difference was not physiologically significant. Spirometry, @entity701 secretion, and the response after synthetic ACTH injection were not significantly different in either group from the beginning to the end of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Four-times-a-day dosing frequency is better than a twice-a-day regimen in subjects requiring a high-dose inhaled steroid, @entity4184 , to control moderate to severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone dipropionate']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']