abstract: BACKGROUND: Modular stent-graft systems for @entity439 repair (EVAR) most often require two to three components, depending on the device. Differences in path lengths and availability of main body systems often require additional extensions for appropriate @entity439 exclusion. These additional devices usually result in added expenses and can affect the financial viability of an EVAR program within a hospital. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of extensions during EVAR, focusing on incidence, clinical impact, and financial impact, as well as determining the associated cost differences between two- and three-component EVAR device systems. METHODS: We reviewed available clinical data, images, and follow-up of 218 @entity1 (203 males and 15 females, mean age: 74    9 years) who underwent elective EVAR at a single academic center from 2004 to 2007. @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity1 undergoing EVAR using the standard number of pieces, that is, no extensions used (group A, n = 98), and those needing proximal or distal extensions during the index procedure (group B, n = 120). RESULTS: Both groups were similar in terms of demographics; preoperative characteristics, including @entity439 morphology; as well as intraoperative, postoperative, and midterm outcomes. Overall, 30-day operative mortality was 1.4%, with a mean follow-up of 24 months. Group A @entity1 underwent repair with two-piece modular devices 41% of the time and three-piece systems 59% of the time, whereas group B @entity1 underwent repair with two-piece modular systems 82% of the time and three-piece modular systems 18% of the time. The number of additional extensions per @entity1 ranged from one to four (median: one piece). There was a 30% cost increase in overall mean device-related cost when using extensions versus the standard number of pieces (group A:  13,220 vs. group B:  17,107, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical midterm @entity439 -related outcomes after EVAR in @entity1 who required additional extensions was comparable with those treated with the standard number of pieces. An increased number of extensions led to increased costs and could have potentially been minimized with appropriate preoperative planning or device selection. Consideration should be made toward per-case pricing instead of per-piece pricing to further improve cost efficiency without compromising long-term @entity1 outcomes.

title: Cost impact of extension cuff utilization during XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: A case of @entity50 presenting @entity2896 and @entity227 is reported. A 73-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital with the complaint of head heaviness on the 27th of March, 1989. Although results of neurological examinations were normal, craniogram revealed the destruction of the clivus, and CT scan and MRI showed a @entity66 , which was thought to be a mucocele in the sphenoid sinus. On the 1st of September, she developed right @entity2896 and @entity227 . MRI performed on the same day showed an enlargement of the @entity66 in the sphenoid sinus. In order to decompress the involved cranial nerves, her sphenoid sinus was explored on the 22nd of September. The sphenoid sinus was filled with purulent fluid and yellowish mass. Histopathological examination revealed colonies of @entity54 . @entity2380 , a new antifungal drug, was given for 34 days postoperatively. The right @entity227 gradually improved along with a reduction of the @entity66 in her sphenoid sinus. Sphenoid @entity50 is a rare disease. Its diagnosis is difficult. However, MRI can show a specific low signal intensity in T2-weighted image. Also in our case, MRI on the first admission showed a definite low signal intensity in some parts of the lesion, which exhibited a high intensity later on during the second administration, probably due to a qualitative change. To our knowledge, only 33 such cases have been previously reported. Intracranial involvement occasionally occurs in this disease. In its early stage, @entity129 are caused by nerve compression or invasion by this disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Sphenoid @entity50 presenting @entity2896 and XXXX ; a case report].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['abducens nerve palsy and the visual field impairment', 'visual field impairment']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['abducens nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus aspergillosis', 'sphenoid sinus aspergillosis']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field impairment']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and describe the demands of long-term @entity5 surveillance among survivors of @entity259 and how these perceived demands influence their quality of life. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY: The sample consisted of 34 @entity1 who had undergone thyroid hormone withdrawal before body scanning for evaluation of @entity5 recurrence and/or metastatic disease. @entity1 completed two self-report instruments: 1) a Demographic Data Tool, and 2) three open-ended questions about quality of life during thyroid hormone withdrawal. The @entity1 wrote down their answers to the demographics and open-ended questions. RESULTS: The 34 @entity1 had a mean age of 40 years (range, 22-73 years); 85% were @entity1 and 74% were white. All were high school educated, and 32% were college graduates. Sixty-eight percent were married, and 75% were employed either full- or part-time. @entity1 experienced profound changes in relationship to withdrawal from thyroid hormone medication. These changes in physical well-being coupled with the potential for disease recurrence influenced their psychological and social well-being. Balancing the demands of @entity5 surveillance (through body scanning and thyroid hormone withdrawal) against day-to-day living had a major influence on perceptions of quality of life. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Study results support other studies and clinical reports that physical symptoms related to thyroid hormone withdrawal were profound, severe, and debilitating. First, @entity1 with @entity259 had to learn through their own personal experiences what physical limitations were imposed during the period of surveillance testing. Second, the physical changes and anticipation of body scanning exerted a profound effect on psychological and social well-being. Feelings of loss, @entity148 , @entity308 , and loss of concentration were very difficult to endure. Third, given the general characteristics of this population of @entity259 survivors who generally are younger and working, the experience of @entity1375 can have a major impact on work schedules. Individuals who require a large amount of concentrated attention to work tasks may need to modify their work schedules during @entity1375 states. Findings suggest that individuals who are considered "cured" of their disease are a largely forgotten segment of @entity5 survivors. However, @entity1 in this study continued to inform us of the process of @entity5 survivorship and the need for exploring quality-of-life concerns, regardless of prognosis.

title: Balancing demands of @entity5 surveillance among survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical ventricular restoration is increasingly applied in @entity1 with @entity384 . Previous studies show promising results with regard to survival and clinical outcome. However, a comprehensive midterm analysis of this approach on left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular function is not yet available. We investigated biventricular function and clinical status at 6-month follow-up. METHODS: We investigated the effects of surgical ventricular restoration on clinical variables, LV volume, right ventricular reverse remodeling, @entity1002 , @entity997 , and pulmonary artery pressure in 21 @entity1 with @entity384 (New York Heart Association class III or IV) who underwent surgical ventricular restoration and coronary artery bypass grafting. Additional surgery included mitral annuloplasty (n = 14) and tricuspid valve annuloplasty (n = 8). Clinical variables (New York Heart Association class, quality-of-life questionnaire, 6-minute hall-walk test) and echocardiographic variables were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up, all clinical variables were significantly improved. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 0.27 +/- 0.10 to 0.36 +/- 0.11 (p < 0.01), LV end-diastolic volume decreased from 248 +/- 78 mL to 152 +/- 50 mL (p < 0.001), and LV end-systolic volume decreased from 186 +/- 77 mL to 101 +/- 50 mL (p < 0.001). @entity1002 decreased from 61 +/- 41 ms to 12 +/- 12 ms (p < 0.001). Right ventricular annular diameter decreased from 30 +/- 7 mm to 27 +/- 6 mm, right ventricular short-axis from 30 +/- 9 mm to 27 +/- 7 mm, and right ventricular long-axis from 90 +/- 7 mm to 79 +/- 10 mm (all p < 0.05). Finally, significant reductions in severity of @entity997 (from 1.3 +/- 1.1 to 0.9 +/- 0.6; p = 0.001) and pulmonary artery pressure (42 +/- 11 mm Hg to 28 +/- 10 mm Hg; p = 0.015) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical ventricular restoration resulted in improvement of clinical variables, significant @entity1002 , and reduced @entity1002 at 6-month follow-up. In addition, right ventricular reverse remodeling was noted with reductions in @entity997 and pulmonary artery pressure.

title: Beneficial hemodynamic and clinical effects of surgical ventricular restoration in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dyssynchrony', 'LV volume reduction', 'Left ventricular dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Palliative surgery for the treatment of incurable obstructive @entity14 is associated with a considerable perioperative morbidity and mortality but no substantial improvement of the prognosis. The aim of the present study was to study the effectiveness of colorectal stenting compared with palliative surgery in incurable obstructive @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From April 1999 to April 2005, data of consecutive @entity1 with incurable stenosing @entity14 , either treated with stent implantation or palliative surgical intervention, were prospectively recorded with respect to age, sex, @entity5 location (including metastases), ASA-score, peri-interventional morbidity, mortality, rates of complications, and re-interventions as well as survival. RESULTS: Of 40 @entity1 , 38 (95%) were successfully treated with a stent. Two @entity1 (5%) underwent surgical intervention after stent dislocation. In contrast, 38 @entity1 primarily underwent palliative surgical intervention. Stent @entity1 were significantly older (P=0.020), had a higher ASA-score (P=0.012), and had more frequently distant metastases (P=0.011). After successful stent implantation, no early complications were observed, but late complications occurred in 11 subjects (29%). Following palliative surgical intervention, @entity260 occurred in 12 individuals (32%) . Postoperative mortality was 5% in the surgery group, whereas no @entity1 died following stent implantation. There was no significant differences in the survival of both groups (9.9 vs. 7.8 months, respectively; log rank: 0.506). CONCLUSIONS: Palliative treatment of incurable obstructive @entity14 using stents is an effective and suitable alternative to palliative surgery with no negative impact on the survival but less peri-interventional morbidity and mortality as well as comparable overall morbidity.

title: Incurable stenosing XXXX : endoscopic stent implantation or palliative surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) is an uncommon disease with an incidence of 10.4 per 100,000 inhabitants. It occurs mainly in older individuals and is evenly distributed among both sexes. There are no signs or symptoms indicative of the presence of the disease. Progressive but unpredictable enlargement of the dilated aorta is the natural course of the disease and can lead to @entity397 . Open chest surgical repair using prosthetic graft interposition has been a conventional treatment for TAAs. Despite improvements in surgical procedures perioperative complications remain significant. The alternative option of @entity439 repair (TEVAR) is considered a less invasive and potentially safer technique, with lower morbidity and mortality compared with conventional treatment. Evidence is needed to support the use of TEVAR for these @entity1 , rather than open surgery. This is an update of the review first published in 2009. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to assess the efficacy of TEVAR versus conventional open surgery in @entity1 with @entity2334 . SEARCH METHODS: For this update the Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched the Specialised Register (last searched January 2016) and CENTRAL (2015, Issue 12). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials in which @entity1 with TAAs were randomly assigned to TEVAR or open surgical repair. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently identified and evaluated potential trials for eligibility. Excluded studies were further checked by another author. We did not perform any statistical analyses as no randomised controlled trials were identified. MAIN RESULTS: We did not find any published or unpublished randomised controlled trials comparing TEVAR with conventional open surgical repair for the treatment of @entity2334 . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Stent grafting of the thoracic aorta is technically feasible and non-randomised studies suggest reduction of early outcomes such as @entity451 , mortality and hospital stay. High quality randomised controlled trials assessing all clinically relevant outcomes including open-conversion, @entity439 , @entity1070 , and late mortality are needed.

title: Thoracic stent graft versus surgery for thoracic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic aortic aneurysm', 'thoracic aortic aneurysms', 'TAA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm exclusion', 'thoracic endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: Experience with @entity384 of acid- and alkali-induced strictures of the esophagus using Savary-Gilliard (SG) and balloon dilators is limited, especially in adults. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of @entity384 in the management of @entity3332 and to compare results with regard to acid- vs. alkali-induced strictures. The records of 230 @entity1 who were treated by @entity384 between 1997 and 2005 at our center were reviewed. This study included all the @entity1 who had corrosive-induced @entity3332 . SG dilators were used in most of our @entity1 [67/79 (85%)], while only a few @entity1 [12/79 (15%)] were treated with balloon dilators. Dilation was found to be successful after an initial course of dilation (not requiring further dilations) in 28/37 (75.67%) cases in the SG dilator group and in 9/12 (75%) in the balloon group. Strictures caused by acids required a greater mean number of dilations for initial relief of @entity1282 compared with that for alkalis. Some of these @entity1 responded to a second course of dilation, leading to final combined SG dilator and balloon dilator success rates of 24/28 (86%) in the acid group and 17/21 (81%) in the alkali group. A total of 359 sessions of dilations were performed with a complication rate of 2/359 (0.56%). Endoscopic dilation using Savary-Gilliard and balloon dilators is safe and effective in managing @entity3332 , but it is operator-dependent and the final outcome depends largely on the technical expertise and appropriate selection of @entity1 .

title: Management of acid- and alkali-induced XXXX in 79 adults by @entity384 : 8-years' experience in New Delhi.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic dilation']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal strictures', 'corrosive esophageal strictures']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity3332 :: (MESH:D004940,Disease) :: ['esophageal strictures']


abstract: The role of preoperative parathyroid imaging continues to evolve. This study evaluated whether surgeon-performed ultrasound (U/S) obviates the need for other imaging studies and leads to a focused exploration with a high degree of surgical success. From July 2010 to February 2012, 200 @entity1 presenting with nonfamilial @entity459 underwent neck U/S in the surgeon's office. The U/S interpretation was classified as Class 1 if an @entity652 was identified with high confidence, Class 2 if a possible but not definite enlarged gland was imaged, and Class 0 (zero) if no @entity652 was identified. The findings were correlated with subsequent intraoperative findings. There were 144 Class 1 U/Ss (72%); of 132 @entity1 coming to surgery, 96.2 per cent had surgical findings concordant with preoperative U/S and all had apparent surgical cure. Twenty-nine @entity1 (14.5%) had Class 2 U/S; the 31 per cent confirmed false-positives in this group were usually colloid nodules. Fourteen of 27 with Class 0 U/S underwent surgery after being offered dynamically enhanced computed tomography scan. All 200 @entity1 were apparent surgical cures. Surgeon-performed U/S is expedient, convenient, inexpensive, and accurate. A clearly identified @entity652 can safely lead to a focused limited exploration and avoid additional imaging 93 per cent of the time.

title: Surgeon-performed ultrasound for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) and @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ) have been widely used as industrial products, and are persistent organic pollutants due to their chemical stability. Previous studies suggested that @entity14912 and @entity2207 might disrupt @entity6145 (TH) status. Although TH plays an important role in fetal growth during pregnancy, little attention has been paid to the relationships between maternal exposure to @entity11997 and TH statuses of mothers and fetuses. We investigated the effects of low levels of environmental @entity14912 and @entity2207 on thyroid function of mothers and @entity1 . METHODS: Of the eligible subjects in a prospective cohort, 392 mother- @entity1 pairs were selected. Concentration of maternal serum @entity14912 and @entity2207 was measured in samples taken during the second and third trimesters or within 1  week of delivery. Blood samples for measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free @entity1955 (FT4) levels were obtained from mothers at early gestational stage (median 11.1  weeks), and from @entity1 between 4 and 7  days of age, respectively. RESULTS: Median concentrations of @entity14912 and @entity2207 were 5.2 [95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.6-12.3] and 1.2 (95  % CI limitation of detection-3.4) ng/mL, respectively. Maternal @entity14912 levels were inversely correlated with maternal serum TSH and positively associated with infant serum TSH, whereas maternal @entity2207 showed no significant relationship with TSH or FT4 among mothers and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity14912 may independently affect the secretion and balances of maternal and @entity1 TSH even at low levels of environmental exposure.

title: Association of perfluorinated chemical exposure in utero with maternal and @entity1 @entity6145 levels in the Sapporo cohort of Hokkaido Study on the Environment and XXXX 's Health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanoate']

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorooctane sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity11997 :: ('MESH:D005466', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorocarbons']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: A clinical trial study in the treatment of @entity1569 was conducted in twenty three @entity1 . The @entity1 of @entity1569 attending at the department of Dermatology and Venereology, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of July 2009 to May 2010 were enrolled in this study. Eleven @entity1 were treated with oral @entity1862 (case), belonged to Group A and rest 13 @entity1 were treated with oral @entity1499 (control), belonged to Group B. Elements of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were calculated as main outcome measure at baseline; follow up after 4 weeks and finally at 8 weeks. The mean PASI score for the Group A @entity1 was 17.0  7 and that of Group B @entity1 was 13.8  3. The mean reduction was higher among the Group B @entity1 (11.8  3.5) than the Group A @entity1 (13.5  6.8), but the mean reduction was not statistically significant (p>0.05) between two groups of @entity1 . The mean percentage of decrease of PASI score was found to be high among the Group B @entity1 (84.9  10.4, i.e. 85%) than the Group A @entity1 (77.6  14.0, i.e. 78%), but the mean difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Analysis revealed that a statistically significant improvement of @entity1569 was observed based on PASI score eight weeks of treatment in both treatment group (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant mean difference was found between Group A and Group B @entity1 in terms of blood hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, WBC and platelet count and serum ALT (p>0.05). The current study showed adverse effects in 7(63%) @entity1 of Group A and 8(66.6%) @entity1 of Group B. In both groups of @entity1 the adverse effects were few and mild in nature. So @entity1862 can be alternative drug to @entity1499 in the treatment of @entity1569 .

title: Comparative efficacy of XXXX and @entity1499 in treating @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: AIM: To assess the benefit of short-term low molecular weight heparin nadroparin compared with unfractionated heparin in @entity1459 or non-Q wave @entity583 @entity1 and to determine whether a longer, 2-week low molecular weight heparin regimen would offer additional clinical benefit. @entity1 , METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a multicentre, prospective, randomized, double-blind study in three parallel groups, involving 3468 @entity1 . @entity1 received one of three treatment regimens: the unfractionated heparin group received an intravenous bolus of unfractionated heparin 5000 IU, followed by an activated partial thromboplastin time adjusted infusion of unfractionated heparin for 6+/-2 days; the @entity11270 6 group received an intravenous bolus of nadroparin 86 anti-Xa IU. kg(-1), followed by twice daily subcutaneous injections of nadroparin 86 anti-Xa IU. kg(-1)for 6+/-2 days, and the nadroparin 14 group received an intravenous bolus of nadroparin 86 anti-Xa IU. kg(-1), followed by twice daily subcutaneous injections of nadroparin 86 anti-Xa IU. kg(-1)for 14 days. No statistically significant differences were observed between the three treatment regimens with respect to the primary outcome ( @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity951 , or recurrence of @entity1459 at day 14). The absolute differences between the groups in the incidence of the primary outcome were: -0.3% (P=0.85) for the nadroparin 6 group vs the unfractionated heparin group and +1.9% (P=0.24) for the nadroparin 14 group vs the unfractionated heparin group. Furthermore, there were no significant intergroup differences regarding any of the secondary efficacy outcomes. However, there was an increased risk of major @entity548 in the nadroparin 14 group compared with unfractionated heparin (3.5% vs 1.6%;P=0.0035). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with nadroparin for 6+/-2 days provides similar efficacy and safety to treatment with unfractionated heparin, for the same period, in the therapeutic management of acute @entity1459 or non-Q wave @entity583 , and may be easier to administer. A prolonged regimen of nadroparin (14 days) does not provide any additional clinical benefit.

title: Comparison of two treatment durations (6 days and 14 days) of a low molecular weight heparin with a 6-day treatment of unfractionated heparin in the initial management of @entity1459 or non-Q wave XXXX : FRAX.I.S. (FRAxiparine in Ischaemic Syndrome).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity11270 :: ('MESH:D017762', 'Chemical') :: ['nadroparin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['refractory angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: We analyzed the records of 339 @entity1 with @entity957 . The @entity1 were treated by irradiation alone in the period of 1973-1985 with external and high-dose rate intracavitary irradiation using linear source arrangement. The reason for using the linear source arrangement was to ensure the position of source as well as to simplify the technique of intracavitary irradiation. First, external irradiation was performed mainly with a dosage of 50Gy/25f four times a week or 50.4Gy/28f five times a week. Intracavitary irradiation was then carried out mainly with a dose of 30Gy/6f two times a week or 35Gy/7f two times a week and dose was indicated at point A. The 5-year survival rate of all 330 @entity1 were 51.4%, and 55.1% for stage I (N = 19), 66.7% for stage II (N = 88), 47.1% for stage III (N = 212), 33.7% for stage IV (N = 20). Of the @entity1 followed up for 24 months and found to have recurrence, 21.8% (39/179) had a recurrence in the pelvis and 22.1% (39/175) were found to have a distant @entity3 . Of the @entity1 followed up for over 24 months, 21.5% 932/149) developed intestinal complications and 12.2% (18/149) developed @entity1494 . However complications Grade 2-4 were 5.4% for intestinal complications and 2.0% for @entity1494 . From these results high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation using a linear source arrangement was considered to be an effective treatment of @entity2622 and to produce a standard results of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Radiotherapy of XXXX --high dose rate intracavitary irradiation using a linear source arrangement].

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder complications']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) are common @entity5 with a relatively poor prognosis. Locoregionale recurrences are regularly encountered and associated with a detrimental outcome. Studies of the last few years report that not only @entity5 staging and grading influence locoregional control but also histologic and biological markers. One such histological marker is coined "worst pattern of invasion". It describes a histologic growth pattern consisting of invading @entity5 cell islands and strands that are dispatched from the invasion front (POI typ 4 and 5). Additional features of invasion are perineural invasion and extracapsular nodal extension. Besides histological markers there are molecular characteristics that include the expression of gene families involved in extracellular matrix degradation. The data suggest that @entity135 differ with respect to their invasive growth capacity and thus their ability to generate locoregionale recurrences. It appears that locoregionale control is a consequence of this growth pattern. This may explain, why in recent clincial studies the prognostic marker "pattern-of-invasion" outweights even such well established prognosticators such as "surgical margins".

title: [What makes " XXXX " recur: Tumorinvasion "revisited"].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head-and-Neck-Cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6119 ( @entity6119 ) is the most common juvenile @entity1020 , characterized by central @entity227 . All recessively inherited cases are thought to be due to mutations in the @entity24816 gene, mapped to 1p21-p13. METHODS: To describe a form of non-mendelian inheritance in a @entity1 with @entity6119 identified through the course of a conventional mutational screening performed on 77 @entity6119 families. DNA from the @entity1 and relatives was analyzed for variants in all 50 exons of the @entity24816 gene by screening on the ABCR400 microarray; results were confirmed by direct sequencing. Haplotype analyses, standard and high-resolution (HR) karyotypes, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were also performed. RESULTS: A @entity1 with @entity6119 caused by the homozygous @entity39914 mutation in the @entity24816 gene was found to be the daughter of a noncarrier mother and a father who was heterozygous for this change. Haplotype analysis suggested that no maternal @entity24816 allele was transmitted to the @entity1 . Microsatellite markers spanning the entire chromosome 1 identified a homozygous region of at least 4.4 Mb, involving the @entity24816 gene. The cytogenetic study revealed normal female karyotype. Further evaluation with MLPA showed the @entity1 had a normal dosage for both copies of the @entity24816 gene, thus suggesting partial paternal isodisomy but not a maternal microdeletion. CONCLUSIONS: We report that recessive @entity6119 can rarely be inherited from only one unaffected carrier parent in a non-mendelian manner. This study also demonstrates that genomic alterations contribute to only a small fraction of disease-associated alleles for @entity24816 .

title: Partial paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 1 in a XXXX with @entity6119 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity6119 :: ('MESH:C580470', 'Disease') :: ['Stargardt disease', 'STGD']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity39914 :: ('p|SUB|R|1129|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg1129Leu']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) and @entity281 are frequently associated with the development and progression of @entity649 ( @entity649 ) and @entity881 ( @entity881 ). We investigated, at onset and during the progression of @entity649 , the relationships among (1) clinical variables and biological markers of @entity1850 , (2) @entity281 defined by strict criteria, and (3) @entity1 outcome. Biological markers of @entity1850 included serial measurements of inflammatory cytokines (IC)- @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity1356 , 2, 4, 6, and 8-in plasma and BAL fluid. METHODS: We prospectively studied two groups of @entity649 @entity1 : 34 @entity1 treated conventionally (group 1) and nine @entity1 who received glucocorticoid rescue treatment for unresolving @entity649 (group 2). Individual @entity1850 criteria and @entity1850 composite score were recorded daily for all @entity1 . Plasma IC levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 12 of @entity649 and every third day thereafter while @entity1 received mechanical ventilation. Unless contraindicated, bilateral BAL was performed on day 1, weekly, and when @entity2489 was suspected. @entity1 were closely monitored for the development of @entity580 ( @entity580 ). RESULTS: ICU mortality was similar among @entity1 with and without @entity295 on admission (54% vs 40%; p < 0.45). Among @entity1 with @entity295 -induced @entity649 , mortality was higher in those who subsequently developed @entity580 (71% vs 18%; p < 0.05). At the onset of @entity649 , plasma @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity687 levels were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in nonsurvivors (NS) and in those with @entity295 (p < 0.0001). The NS group, contrary to survivors (S), had persistently elevated plasma IC levels over time. In 17 @entity1 , 36 definitive @entity580 (17 in group 1 and 19 in group 2) were diagnosed by strict criteria. No definitive or presumed @entity580 caused an increase in plasma IC levels above @entity1 ' preinfection baseline. Daily @entity1850 components and @entity1850 composite scores were similar among S and NS and among @entity1 with and without @entity295 -induced @entity649 , were unaffected by the development of NI, and did not correlate with plasma IC levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity295 as a precipitating cause of @entity649 was associated with higher plasma IC levels. However, @entity580 were not associated with an increase in @entity1850 composite scores, individual @entity1850 criteria, or plasma IC levels above @entity1 ' preinfection baseline. @entity1850 composite scores over time were similar in S and NS. @entity1850 criteria, including fever, were found to be nonspecific for NI. Irrespective of etiology of @entity649 , plasma IC levels, but not clinical criteria, correlated with @entity1 outcome. These findings suggest that final outcome in @entity1 with @entity649 is related to the magnitude and duration of the host inflammatory response and is independent of the precipitating cause of @entity649 or the development of intercurrent @entity580 .

title: Infections and the inflammatory response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'ARDS']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukins (IL) 1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['SIRS', 'Systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NIs', 'nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity386 and @entity1168 of prematurity (ABP) are possible risks towards damage of the developing brain. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the influence of neonatal factors on ABP and to determine the relationship of ABP to neurodevelopmental outcome. METHODS: ABP was described in very low birth weight @entity1 (n = 83) using the frequency and severity of @entity1168 with a clinical score considering heart rate, oxygenation, duration and interventions performed during each episode. Neonatal factors were analyzed for their relationship to ABP using regression analysis. Neurodevelopment was investigated using the @entity146 ( @entity146 ) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the Bayley Scales of @entity1 Development II at a corrected age of 13 months. Power of ABP parameters to predict outcome was assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: ABP typically started within the first week after birth. Spontaneous resolution occurred at a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36.0 +/- 2.2 (31.1-44.1) weeks. A delayed resolution (>36 weeks PMA) and a higher average daily ABP score during a defined developmental period (31-37 weeks PMA) were associated with a higher incidence of unfavorable outcome ( @entity146 or PDI <69 or @entity204 ). CONCLUSION: ABP is an age-specific phenomenon. However, more severe courses than expected for @entity4515 or the resolution at a later PMA indicated an increased risk of @entity245 at a corrected age of 13 months.

title: Factors influencing @entity386 and XXXX of prematurity - implications for neurodevelopment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Developmental Index', 'MDI']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia', 'ABP episodes']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['bradycardia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Elastic band (EB) training is a common form of resistance training used by the elderly, individuals with joint problems or those recovering from injury. EB training performed at low intensities by these populations may have little effect on @entity2086 . However, when combined with blood flow restriction (BFR), low-intensity EB resistance training may result in @entity2086 . METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity1 (61    5 years) were assigned to a moderate-to-high-intensity EB group ( @entity8176 , n = 8) or a low-intensity EB group combined with BFR (LI-BFR, n = 6). Each group performed seated chest press, seated row and seated shoulder press with EB three times a week for eight weeks. EB colours progressed in each group by having @entity1 maintain a rating of 7-9 on the OMNI Resistance for active muscle (OMNI-RES AM) scale (0-10) throughout training. In the LI-BFR group, BFR pressure progressed during the first 4 weeks of training (80-120 mmHg), after which EB colours were progressed. RESULTS: 1-repetition maximum increased for chest press (P = 0.01), shoulder press (P = 0.02) and seated row (P = 0.01), but no differences were found between groups. Only pectoralis major muscle thickness in the upper body increased (P = 0.04). A trend was found for an increase in total bone-free lean body mass (P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS: The main findings of this study were that moderate-to-high-intensity EB training and low-intensity EB training with BFR resulted in similar increases in strength, total bone-free lean body mass and muscle thickness.

title: The effects of elastic band resistance training combined with blood flow restriction on strength, total bone-free lean body mass and muscle thickness in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Synchronous and heterochronous multiple soft @entity242 of the extremities is very rare. Out of 1,201 of our @entity1 , 4 @entity1 presented with symmetrical bilateral soft @entity242 of the extremities. The aim of this study was to identify possible reasons for this unusual manifestation of @entity242 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1 ' data was acquired by review of the @entity1 ' charts and follow-up information was gathered by phone calls to the @entity1 or their relatives and their general practitioners. RESULTS: All @entity5 were located at the extremities and were diagnosed as @entity1822 in two @entity1 , @entity1418 and @entity14495 in one @entity1 each. No other individual or family history of cumulation of @entity5 was known in the @entity1 . The median interval between the diagnoses was 3 1/2 years (range: 4 months to 9 1/2 years). In two @entity1 a second primary @entity242 of the same entity was considered the most likely diagnosis, whereas in one @entity1 a contralateral lymph node @entity3 and in one other @entity1 an atypical soft tissue @entity3 had to be taken into account. A positive family history with a father with @entity1418 may indicate a hereditary predisposition in one @entity1 . Aside from irradiation effects, exposition to other carcinogenic agents or genetic predisposition, the reasons for the clustering of soft @entity242 in one same @entity1 remain still unclear. Only one @entity1 , although suffering from disseminated @entity3 was living at follow-up time, the other three @entity1 had already died. CONCLUSION: The interpretation of the bilateral manifestation of soft @entity242 remains open, but predicts an unfavourable outcome.

title: Metachronous bilateral soft XXXX of the extremities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'tissue sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['tissue sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1614 ( @entity1614 ) is characterized by manifestations in the skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular systems. Dilatation of the aortic root is the hallmark feature in the cardiovascular system. @entity384 is associated with fragmented elastic fibers and accumulation of amorphous matrix elements in the medial layer. This pathology is caused by mutations in @entity16865 , the major structural component of elastic microfibrils. @entity16865 mutations may affect the assembly or function of the elastic microfibrils or both. To answer this important question, @entity1614 -like @entity19 have been created. METHODS: @entity1614 -like @entity19 were generated by homologous gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Targeting of the @entity19 @entity16865 gene had the dual effect of reducing gene expression 10-fold and of producing an internally deleted protein. RESULTS: Mutant homozygous @entity19 make very small amounts of only mutant @entity16865 and die postnatally of @entity1614 -like @entity455 . Histopathological findings include focal fragmentation of elastic fibers and accumulation of amorphous matrix in the aortic media. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity19 model for the severe form of @entity1614 has been created using the technique of gene targeting. Aside from its clinical value, the model has demonstrated that @entity16865 is predominantly involved in the function rather than the assembly of elastic microfibrils.

title: Mutations of extracellular matrix components in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', "Marfan's syndrome"]

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular disease']


abstract: @entity521 is one of the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . Treatment is of limited utility for high-risk @entity521 and prognosis is poor. Resistance of @entity521 to conventional therapies has prompted us to search for a novel therapeutic approach based on genetically modified polioviruses. @entity9925 targets motor neurons leading to irreversible @entity912 . Neurovirulence can be attenuated by point mutations or by exchange of genetic elements between different picornaviruses. We have developed a novel and stable attenuated @entity9925 , replicating in @entity521 cells, by engineering an indigenous replication element (cre), copied from a genome-internal site, into the 5'-nontranslated genomic region (mono-crePV). An additional host range mutation (A(133)G) conferred replication in @entity19 @entity521 cells (Neuro-2a( @entity27279 )) expressing @entity27279 , the @entity9925 receptor. Crossing immunocompetent @entity19 susceptible to @entity9925 ( @entity27279 tg @entity19 ) with A/J @entity19 generated @entity27279 tgA/J @entity19 , which we immunized against @entity9925 . Neuro-2a( @entity27279 ) cells were then transplanted into these animals, leading to lethal @entity5 . Despite preexisting high titers of anti-poliovirus antibodies, established lethal s.c. Neuro-2a( @entity27279 ) @entity5 in @entity27279 tgA/J @entity19 were eliminated by intratumoral administrations of A(133)Gmono-crePV. No signs of @entity912 were observed. Interestingly, no @entity5 growth was observed in @entity19 cured of @entity521 that were reinoculated s.c. with Neuro-2a( @entity27279 ). This result indicates that the destruction of @entity521 cells by A(133)Gmono-crePV may lead to a robust antitumor immune response. We suggest that our novel attenuated oncolytic @entity9925 is a promising candidate for effective oncolytic treatment of @entity1 @entity521 or other @entity5 even in the presence of present or induced antipolio immunity.

title: Oncolytic treatment and cure of @entity521 by a novel attenuated @entity9925 in a novel XXXX -susceptible animal model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity9925 :: ('138950', 'Species') :: ['Poliovirus', 'poliovirus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The volume-dependent single compartment model (VDSCM) has been applied for identification of overdistension in mechanically ventilated @entity1 with @entity647 . In this observational study we evaluated the use of the VDSCM to identify tidal @entity7804 induced by tidal volume (Vt) and positive end-expiratory pressure ( @entity9239 ) in lung-healthy anesthetized subjects. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 (ASA physical status I-II) undergoing general anesthesia for elective plastic breast reconstruction surgery were mechanically ventilated in volume-controlled ventilation (VCV), with Vt of 8 mL   kg(-1) and @entity9239 of 0 cm @entity2507 . With these settings, ventilatory mode was randomly adjusted in VCV or pressure-controlled ventilation ( @entity1485 ) and @entity9239 was sequentially increased from 0 to 5 and 10 cm @entity2507 , 5 min per step. Thereafter, @entity9239 was decreased to 0 cm @entity2507 , Vt increased to 10 mL   kg(-1) and, keeping minute ventilation constant, @entity9239 was similarly increased to 5 and 10 cm @entity2507 . Airway pressure and flow were continuously recorded and fitted to the VDSCM with or without considering flow-dependencies. A "distension index" (%E(2)) derived from the VDSCM was used to assess Vt and @entity9239 -induced @entity7804 . Positive and negative values of %E(2) suggest tidal overdistension or tidal recruitment, respectively. In addition, the linear respiratory system elastance was calculated. Comparisons among variables at each @entity9239 value, Vt setting, ventilatory mode, and regression model considering or not considering flow-dependencies were performed with the Wilcoxon-sign rank test for paired samples (P < 0.05). Multiple comparisons were corrected with the Bonferroni method. The relative change in the estimated noisy variance was used as an index of the goodness of fit of the models. RESULTS: VDSCM including the flow-dependent parameter significantly improved estimated noisy variance in almost all experimental conditions (11.2 to 71.4, smallest of the lower and highest of the upper 95% confidence intervals). No differences in %E(2) were observed between VCV and @entity1485 , at comparable Vt and @entity9239 levels, when flow-dependencies were included in the regression model. The negligence of the flow-dependent parameter systematically led to an underestimation of %E(2) in @entity1485 compared to VCV mode (all P < 0.02). At a given Vt, %E(2) was negative at a @entity9239 of 0 cm @entity2507 and significantly increased with @entity9239 , being almost 0 at a @entity9239 of 5 cm @entity2507 . At a given level of @entity9239 , %E(2) significantly increased with Vt. CONCLUSIONS: The distension index %E(2), derived from the VDSCM considering flow-dependencies, seems able to identify tidal @entity7804 induced by Vt and @entity9239 independent of flow waveform in healthy lung-anesthetized @entity1 .

title: Detection of tidal @entity7804 in lung-healthy mechanically ventilated XXXX under general anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['recruitment/overdistension']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Exposure to ambient particulate air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular and @entity1576 and mortality. It is necessary to understand causal pathways driving the observed health effects, particularly if they are differentially associated with particle size. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of different size ranges of ambient particulate matter (PM) on gene and protein expression in an in vitro model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal @entity1 tracheobronchial epithelium (NHTBE) three-dimensional cell constructs were exposed for 24 h to washed ambient PM of different sizes (size 1: 7-615 nm; size 2: 616 nm-2.39   m; size 3: 2.4-10   m) collected from a residential street. A @entity1 stress and @entity137 PCR array was used to investigate gene expression and iTRAQ was used to perform quantitative proteomics. RESULTS: Eighteen different genes of the 84 on the PCR array were significantly dysregulated. Treatment with size 2 PM resulted in the greatest number of genes with altered expression, followed by size 1 and lastly size 3. ITRAQ identified 317 proteins, revealing 20 that were differentially expressed. Enrichment for gene ontology classification revealed potential changes to various pathways. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Different size fractions of ambient PM are associated with dysregulatory effects on the cellular proteome and on stress and @entity137 genes of NHTBE cells. This approach not only provides an investigative tool to identify possible causal pathways but also permits the relationship between particle size and responses to be explored.

title: Gene and protein responses of XXXX lung tissue explants exposed to ambient particulate matter of different sizes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory morbidity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the intermediate clinical and radiographic outcomes of Bryan Cervical Disc (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Inc, Memphis, Tennessee) replacement for the treatment of cervical @entity179 and its effect on adjacent levels. Between November 2004 and December 2007, thirty-four @entity1 (38 disks) underwent Bryan Cervical Disc replacement in the authors' hospital. The authors retrospectively analyzed the records of 32 @entity1 who completed follow-up. Outcome data were collected preoperatively; at 3, 12, 24 months postoperatively; and at last follow-up, which ranged from 32 to 69 months (average, 49.4 months). Clinical outcome, radiographic outcome, @entity528 , and reoperations were evaluated. The SF-36 physical component, SF-36 mental component, Neck Disability Index, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and neck/arm pain @entity227 scale scores were all improved significantly at each postoperative time point compared with preoperative values (P<.05), but no statistically significant differences were noted between postoperative time points (P>.05). The postoperative flexion-extension range of motion of the operative site and adjacent segments were not significantly different from the preoperative values (P>.05) and were approximately the same for each postoperative time point (P>.05). A new @entity528 scoring system demonstrated that approximately 23% of the adjacent levels displayed mild @entity528 at last follow-up. However, @entity528 did not affect the clinical outcomes. Prosthesis-related complications were rare, and no reoperations were performed. Bryan Cervical Disc replacement achieves satisfactory mid-term clinical and radiographic outcomes. The authors observed the progression of adjacent segment @entity528 postoperatively, although no degradation of clinical outcomes occurred.

title: Intermediate clinical outcome of Bryan Cervical Disc replacement for XXXX and its effect on adjacent segment disks.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analog pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disk disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['adjacent segment degeneration, complications', 'degeneration']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative disk disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies indicate that selectin-mediated leukocyte migration may depend on the types of initiating inflammatory stimuli or on the vascular beds involved in the inflammatory response. Thus, targeting selectin interactions to treat @entity32 may have variable effects depending on the site and origin of the inflammatory response. OBJECTIVE: To address whether selectin-mediated leukocyte recruitment is stimulus or tissue dependent. METHODS: We examined pulmonary and cutaneous @entity56 inflammatory responses and @entity3440 -induced @entity55 and @entity82 in wild-type and @entity24780 -deficient (P/E-/-) double knockout @entity19 . Allergen-sensitized wild-type and P/E-/- double knockout @entity19 were challenged either intradermally or via the airways to induce @entity56 responses in the skin or lung, respectively. Other animals were subjected to intranasal @entity3440 administration to induce a nonallergic lung inflammatory/fibrotic response. RESULTS: The P/E-/- @entity19 exhibited significantly @entity32 in the skin and lung. Allergic late-phase ear swelling and @entity56 lung airway hyperresponsiveness were also significantly attenuated in the P/E-/- @entity19 compared with identically treated wild-type animals. In contrast, @entity55 and @entity82 induced by intranasal administration of @entity3440 particles resulted in a more severe phenotype in the P/E-/- @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Selectin interactions drive @entity32 in the lung and skin. @entity3440 -induced @entity55 and @entity82 , however, was more pronounced in the absence of selectin interactions, suggesting that selectin-mediated leukocyte migration may depend on the types of initiating inflammatory stimuli.

title: A role for endothelial selectins in XXXX and nonallergic inflammatory disease.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'allergic inflammation', 'reduced allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation', 'nonallergic lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['Silica', 'silica']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: Background. @entity170 is a major health problem for the elderly population. Chinese herb may be @entity170 due to its capability. Objectives. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese medicine treatment on the @entity1 with @entity170 . Search Methods. Randomized controlled trials were retrieved from different 9 databases. Results. This meta analysis included 12 RCTs involving 1816 @entity1 to compare Chinese herbs with placebo or standard anti- @entity3604 therapy in the treatment of @entity604 . The pooled data showed that the percent change of increased @entity1555 in the spine is higher with Chinese herb compared to placebo (lumber spine: WMD   =   0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.04). In the femoral, Chinese herb showed significantly higher increments of @entity1555 compared to placebo (femoral neck: WMD   =   0.06, 95% CI: -0.02-0.13). Compared to the other standard anti- @entity3604 drugs, Chinese herbs also show advantage in @entity1555 change (lumber spine: WMD   =   0.03, 95% CI: -0.01-0.08; femoral: WMD   =   0.01, 95% CI: -0.01-0.02). Conclusions. Our results demonstrated that Chinese herb significantly increased lumbar spine @entity1555 as compared to the placebo or other standard anti- @entity3604 drugs.

title: Chinese herbal medicine for XXXX : a systematic review of randomized controlled trails.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis', 'beneficial to osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In endovascular recanalisation of infrapopliteal arteries, studies have already pointed out the value of balloon angioplasty, but for stent implantation very few randomized controlled data exist so far. @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled prospective trial in @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) comparing the effect of percutaneous @entity661 ( @entity865 ) versus primary stenting in infrapopliteal arteries, concerning 1-year clinical benefit and reobstruction rate. RESULTS: 54 @entity1 were either randomized for primary stenting (balloon expandable stent) or @entity865 alone, 33 @entity1 were assigned to the @entity865 group, 21 @entity1 to the stent group. The whole follow up period of 12 months was completed by 46 @entity1 . Improvement by at least one Rutherford classification was reached by a total of 33 (75.0 %) of @entity1 at month 12, 22 (81.5 %) in the @entity865 group and 11 (64.7 %) in the stent group. A complete @entity1066 at month 12 showed 21 (63.6 %) of all @entity1 , with a higher percentage in @entity1 treated with @entity865 alone 16 (80.0 %) vs 5 (38.5 %). 50.0 % of all @entity1 showed re-obstruction over the follow-up period, 39.4 % of the @entity865 and 66.7 % of the stent group. At month 3 primary patency rate was nearly equal in both groups (76.7 % @entity865 vs 75.0 % stent), but drifted apart with the duration of the follow-up period, with a primary patency at month 12 in the @entity865 group of 48,1 % vs 35,3 % in the stent group. As for secondary patency at month 12 the @entity865 group showed a patency rate of 70.4 %, vs 52.9 % in the stent group. CONCLUSIONS: Primary stenting with balloon expandable stents in the infrapopliteal arteries does not outway the benefit of @entity865 alone with the application of modern hydrophilic balloon catheters in @entity1 with @entity63 .

title: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty versus primary stenting in infrapopliteal arteries in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['transluminal balloon angioplasty']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: Gene therapy is one of the approaches used to treat @entity2 . The benefit of @entity5 gene therapy is that different types of @entity5 can be selectively targeted by @entity5 -specific expression of therapeutic genes that include an apoptosis gene to destroy the @entity5 . Previously, we described a promoter (TTS promoter) that we designed that is specifically targeted to @entity2 cells but not to other types of @entity5 or normal cells including stem cells. In this pursuit, we further characterize the specificity of the TTS promoter in four types of @entity2 cells ( @entity957 , @entity420 , @entity151 , @entity2 ). The TTS promoter is highly active only in @entity420 cells but not in the other three types of @entity2 cells. The specificity seems to be derived from transcription factor @entity7457 -associating cofactors that affect @entity1 @entity3231 promoter activity in @entity420 . We inserted the proapoptotic gene @entity589 ( @entity589 ) into the TTS promoter (TTS/ @entity589 ). The TTS/ @entity589 selectively causes @entity589 expression and cell death in @entity420 but not in other cells. Cell death caused by the @entity589 expression was also observed in @entity420 that is resistant to the anticancer drug @entity4562 (epidermal growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor). @entity589 expression and cell death can be suppressed by @entity619 (a glucocorticoid) treatment through negative glucocorticoid elements in the TTS promoter. Here we report a drug-controllable TTS/ @entity589 system targeting @entity420 .

title: @entity420 -targeted gene therapy by a XXXX - and tissue-specific promoter system.

entities_list: @entity3231 :: ('653509', 'Gene') :: ['surfactant protein A1']

entities_list: @entity589 :: ('581', 'Gene') :: ['BAX', 'Bax', 'Bcl-2-associated X protein']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['large-cell lung carcinoma', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor 1']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 idiopathic @entity631 ( @entity631 ) has a highly variable clinical course and factors determining its outcome are poorly known. Since @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) has an essential role in renal fibrogenesis, we studied the possibility to use urinary excretion of @entity2533 in the assessment of progression of the disease in @entity1 with @entity631 . METHODS: Urinary @entity2533 was determined in 41 @entity1 with @entity631 , 25 healthy subjects, six non-proteinuric renal transplant @entity1 , 10 @entity1 with @entity631 , and seven proteinuric @entity1 (with non-progressive diseases) using a novel, double antibody enzyme immunoassay. The results were compared with renal morphology and clinical indices of activity of @entity631 over 12 months. RESULTS: The median urinary @entity2533 excretion (pg/mg @entity1011 ) was significantly higher (1730; range 60-16,970) in @entity631 @entity1 than in the healthy controls (300; 30-1330; P < 0.0001). In renal allograft recipients the excretion was 840 (250-3440; P < 0.0001 vs healthy controls), in IgA GN it was 1130 (30-4910; P = 0.039), and in proteinuric @entity1 it was 39 (29-165; P = NS). In @entity631 but not in the proteinuric controls or renal allograft recipients, urinary @entity2533 correlated with urinary albumin excretion (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001) but no correlation with renal function or the duration of the disease was found. Urinary @entity2533 at renal biopsy correlated with @entity32 and its excretion 1 year before the biopsy correlated with indices of @entity1463 / @entity82 . Immunosuppressive therapy significantly decreased urinary @entity2533 from 2800 (1610-16,960) to 840 (170-1600) pg/mg @entity1011 (P = 0.028). @entity1 with persistent @entity1985 and/or declining renal function had a higher initial @entity2533 excretion (median 3680; 1830-7420 pg/mg @entity1011 ) than those entering partial or complete remission (1060; 60-1960; P = 0.003) within 12 months from sampling.

title: Urinary @entity2533 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cellular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1', 'TGF-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis', 'MGN', 'IgA glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Determining what is the ideal acute management of @entity75 is controversial. The reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligaments is a fundamental part of the surgical management of these lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The records of @entity1 with @entity697 treated with open reduction and fixation with highly resistant sutures were reviewed. The preliminary results were assessed at the 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were included, all of them males; mean age was 28 years. Three were Rockwood grade III, one grade IV, and 8 grade V. The mean time elapsed between the injury and the surgery was 9 days. According to the Constant scale 11 @entity1 had excellent results and one had good results. Only one @entity1 developed a @entity2080 . Radiographic reduction was maintained in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligaments reduces complications considerably, especially when such reconstruction is made using materials with a grip strength similar to the one offered by native ligaments.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX . Preliminary report].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type III lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute acromioclavicular dislocation']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute acromioclavicular dislocation']


abstract: @entity5 cells as a consequence of @entity41 are often not detectable by routine diagnostic procedures. However, before or after surgery, @entity5 cells in lymph nodes, the peritoneal cavity, blood, or bone marrow can frequently be identified by immunohistochemical or molecular methods. Failure to reveal the presence of such cells results in under-staging of @entity5 @entity1 and may constitute the source of unexpected @entity5 recurrence after radical surgery. These facts emphasize the importance of @entity5 cells at least as a surrogate marker. The frequency of appearance of @entity5 cells in different organ systems also depends on the type of @entity5 . Developments in modern detection methods have led to increasing sensitivity but at the expense of specificity. @entity5 cells demonstrate remarkable heterogeneity with respect to proliferative potential and tumorigenicity. This characteristic is also reflected by a striking variability in the expression of various genes conditioning the aforementioned biological behavior. Unfortunately there is also remarkable heterogeneity in methods used for sampling and processing @entity1 material as well as for the enrichment and detection of @entity5 cells. Despite the ongoing controversies concerning detection methods and biological significance of @entity5 cells, several clinical trials providing data supporting the prognostic relevance of @entity41 should also be considered for @entity1820 . In future this finding should be integrated in the planning of trials in surgical oncology, and " @entity41 " should receive stronger attention as a stratification criterion in such clinical studies.

title: [Minimal @entity41 in XXXX . Relevance to prognosis and oncologic surgical consequences].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor', 'primary tumor', 'Isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['minimal residual disease']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal carcinoma']


abstract: The quantitative measurement of @entity842 (NO) in plant cells acquired great importance, in view of the multifaceted function and involvement of NO as a signal in various plant processes. Monitoring of NO in guard cells is quite simple because of the large size of guard cells and ease of observing the detached epidermis under @entity3178 . Stomatal guard cells therefore provide an excellent model system to study the components of signal transduction. The levels and functions of NO in relation to stomatal closure can be monitored, with the help of an inverted fluorescence or confocal @entity3178 . We can measure the NO in guard cells by using flouroprobes like @entity14011 ( @entity14011 ). This fluorescent dye, @entity14011 , is cell permeable and after entry into the cell, the diacetate group is removed by the cellular esterases. The resulting DAF-2 form is membrane impermeable and reacts with NO to generate the highly fluorescent @entity10998 (DAF-2T), with excitation and emission wavelengths of 488 and 530 nm, respectively. If time-course measurements are needed, the epidermis can be adhered to a cover-glass or glass slide and left in a small petri dishes. Fluorescence can then be monitored at required time intervals; with a precaution that excitation is done minimally, only when a fluorescent image is acquired. The present method description is for the epidermis of @entity958 and @entity3587 and should work with most of the other dicotyledonous plants.

title: XXXX (NO) Measurements in Stomatal Guard Cells.

entities_list: @entity14011 :: ('MESH:C414689', 'Chemical') :: ['4,5-diamino fluorescein diacetate', 'DAF-2DA']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscope']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['Pisum sativum']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric Oxide']


abstract: Impairment of hand function is prevalent among @entity64 survivors, motivating the search for effective rehabilitation therapy. Recent studies have suggested that for upper extremity functional recovery, repetitive training with virtual reality is helpful. Repetitive training can be facilitated with assistance from mechanical devices. Thus, we have developed a training environment that integrates augmented reality (AR) with assistive devices for post- @entity64 hand rehabilitation. The AR element of our environment utilizes head mounted @entity392 for reach-and-grasp task training. The assistive device consists of either a body-powered orthosis (BPO) or a @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ), both of which are incorporated into gloves. This environment can be easily set up and calibrated, is customizable for individual users, and requires active user participation. Additionally, it can be used with both real and virtual objects, as desired. We are currently conducting pilot case studies to assess ease of use and efficacy. At present, one @entity64 survivor from each of the three training conditions, AR-with-BPO, AR-with- @entity1652 and AR-only (acting as the control), has completed the 6-week training paradigm. Preliminary findings suggest user acceptance of the technology and some potential for beneficial effects.

title: Integration of augmented reality and assistive devices for post- XXXX hand opening rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatic-powered device', 'PPD']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['display and virtual objects']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity3626 ( @entity3626 ) is a challenging anatomical region, rich in vascular and nervous vital structures. Surgery is considered the treatment of choice for the majority of @entity75 . Herein, we present a retrospective evaluation on ten @entity1 with various types of lesions of the parapharyngeal and @entity6804 ( @entity6804 ) regions operated on via an endoscopic-assisted transoral-transpharyngeal approach (EATTA), focusing on feasibility and safety. A retrospective evaluation of @entity1 treated by means of EATTA to @entity3626 and/or @entity6804 lesions was carried out. The clinical records of @entity1 who were operated on with EATTA for @entity3626 and/or @entity6804 lesions between March 2009 and October 2015 at two referral centres were reviewed and the intra-operative and post-operative complications were analysed. Ten @entity1 who underwent EATTA on the @entity3626 and @entity6804 were included in this series. The procedure was performed in six @entity1 for @entity5 removal, in three @entity1 for diagnostic purposes and in one @entity1 for @entity158 control. No major complications occurred. No conversion to external approach was required. We observed only two minor complications which were promptly solved. No @entity1282 or other problems during the food intake were observed in our series. One day after surgery all @entity1 , except one, referred a value of VAS minor than 4. To date, no evidence of disease recurrence has been assessed in all six oncological cases. Although preliminary, our experience seems to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of EATTA when properly planned and performed.

title: Endoscopic-assisted transoral-transpharyngeal approach to XXXX and @entity6804 : focus on feasibility and lessons learned.

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['ITF', 'infratemporal fossa']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PPS lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3626 :: ('MESH:D018489', 'Disease') :: ['parapharyngeal space', 'PPS']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity3626 :: (MESH:D018489,Disease) :: ['parapharyngeal space']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite modern techniques, in some @entity1 receiving whole breast radiotherapy (WBI) parts of the heart and the lung might receive doses which are nowadays considered relevant for the development of late morbidity. Our aim was to analyze the usefulness of a  thermoplastic breast brassiere to reduce lung and heart doses. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 29  @entity1 with left-sided and 16  @entity1 with right-sided @entity0 treated with breast conserving surgery and WBI between 2012 and 2013 were included in a  prospective study analyzing the effectiveness of a  thermoplastic breast bra. WBI was performed using 3D tangential fields up to 50.4  Gy. Treatment planning was performed with and without bra. Several dosimetrical parameters were analyzed comparatively focusing on the heart and @entity358 . For heart dose comparisons, subvolumes like the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and a  defined apical region, so-called "apical @entity296 " (AMT), were defined. RESULTS: By using the bra, the mean lung dose was reduced by 30.6   % (left-sided @entity5 ) and 29.5   % (right-sided; p  < 0.001). The V20Gy for the left lung was reduced by 39.5   % (4.9 vs. 8.1   % of volume; p  < 0.001). The mean and maximum heart doses were significantly lower (1.6 vs. 2.1  Gy and 30.7 vs. 39.3  Gy; p  = 0.01 and p  < 0.001), which also applies to the mean and maximum dose for the AMT (2.5 vs. 4.4  Gy and 31.0 vs. 47.2  Gy; p  < 0.01 and p  < 0.001). The mean and maximum dose for LAD was lower without reaching significance. No acute @entity137 >  grade  2 were observed. CONCLUSION: By using a  thermoplastic breast bra, radiation doses to the heart and especially parts of the heart apex and @entity358 can be significantly lowered without additional @entity137 .

title: Usefulness of a thermoplastic breast bra for XXXX radiotherapy : A  prospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial territory']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicities', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral lung']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Background: High quality @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of psychotherapeutic interventions should ensure that the therapy being tested is what is actually delivered. However, contamination of one therapy into the other, a critical component of treatment adherence, is seldom measured in psychotherapy trials of @entity716 . Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether a purpose-designed measure, the ACE Treatment Integrity Measure (ATIM) could detect therapy contaminations within a controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) versus Befriending for first-episode @entity716 and to compare the ATIM to a more traditional adherence measure, the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS). Method: Therapy sessions were audio-recorded and at least one therapy session from 53 of the 62 @entity1 in the @entity23 was rated by an independent rater using the CTS and ATIM. Results: Ninety-nine therapy sessions were rated. All Befriending sessions and all but three CBT sessions were correctly identified. The ATIM showed that 29 of the 99 (29%) sessions were contaminated by techniques from the other therapy. Within the CBT sessions, 19 of the 51 sessions (37%) were contaminated by one or more Befriending techniques. Of the Befriending sessions, 10 of 48 (21%) were contaminated by ACE techniques. The mean CTS score was higher in the CBT than the Befriending group. Conclusions: The ATIM was able to detect contaminations and revealed more meaningful, fine-grained analysis of what therapy techniques were being delivered and what contaminations occurred. The study highlights the benefit of employing purpose-designed measures that include contamination when assessing treatment adherence.

title: Therapy Contamination as a Measure of Therapist Treatment Adherence in a Trial of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy versus Befriending for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCT']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['Psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suppressors of cytokine signalling ( @entity36456 ) protein family are key regulators of cellular responses to cytokines and play an important role in the nervous system. The @entity38238 protein, a less extensively studied @entity36456 family member, has been shown to induce insulin resistance in the retina and promote survival of the retinal neurons. But no reports are available about the role of @entity38238 in neuritogenesis. In this study, we examined the role of @entity38238 in neurite outgrowth and neuronal cell signalling. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The effect of @entity38238 in neural stem cells differentiation was studied in neural stem cells and PC12 cell line. Highly elevated levels of @entity38238 were found upon neural cell differentiation both at the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, @entity38238 over-expression lead to increase in neurite outgrowth and degree of branching, whereas @entity38238 knockdown with specific siRNAs, lead to a significant decrease in neurite initiation and extension. @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) stimulation which enhanced neurite outgrowth of neural cells resulted in further enhancement of @entity38238 expression. Jak/Stat (Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription) pathway was found to be involved in the @entity38238 mediated neurite outgrowth. Bioinformatics study revealed presence of putative Stat binding sites in the @entity38238 promoter region. Transcription factors @entity27576 and @entity36455 were involved in @entity38238 gene upregulation leading to neuronal differentiation. Following differentiation, @entity38238 was found to form a ternary complex with @entity7814 ( @entity7814 ) and @entity13720 which acted in a negative feedback loop to inhibit pStat5 activation. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The current paradigm for the first time states that @entity38238 , a @entity36456 family member, plays an important role in the process of neuronal differentiation. These findings define a novel molecular mechanism for @entity13720 / @entity27576 mediated @entity38238 signalling.

title: Suppressor of cytokine signalling-6 promotes neurite outgrowth via XXXX / @entity27576 -mediated signalling pathway, involving negative feedback inhibition.

entities_list: @entity7814 :: ('25718(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor', 'IGFR']

answer: @entity13720 :: (24514(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['JAK2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a @entity1 who developed @entity137 ( @entity137 ) possibly secondary to @entity2812 use. CASE SUMMARY: A 74-year-old white @entity1 with a history of probable complex partial @entity410 was admitted to the neurology service for a prolonged postictal state. His antiepileptic regimen was changed while he was in the hospital to include @entity2812 . After 19 days of hospitalization and 14 days of @entity2812 therapy, the @entity1 became febrile. The next day he developed a @entity1910 which progressed within 4 days to @entity137 , diagnosed by skin biopsy. All suspected drugs were discontinued, including @entity2812 . The @entity1 was treated with hydrotherapy in the burn unit. His symptoms improved and he was discharged from the hospital 26 days after the @entity1910 developed. DISCUSSION: During @entity2812 's premarketing clinical trials, the manufacturer reported several cases of @entity6715 and @entity137 . There are several published case reports of @entity2812 -induced severe skin reactions. All of these reports included @entity1 being treated with both @entity1092 and @entity2812 . Our @entity1 was exposed to @entity3174 , @entity2049 , @entity3402 , and @entity2812 , but not @entity1092 . The @entity1 reported prior use of @entity3174 with no @entity1910 . @entity2049 was the antiepileptic drug the @entity1 was maintained on prior to his hospital admission, and the symptoms of @entity137 resolved while he was still receiving @entity2049 . The @entity1 received only two doses of @entity3402 , which makes this agent an unlikely cause of @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Because of the temporal relationship of the onset of the @entity1 's @entity1910 and several drugs that are known to cause severe @entity1910 , it is not certain which drug was the definite culprit. However, based on the evidence from the literature, @entity2812 appears to be the causative agent.

title: Suspected XXXX -induced @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['rashes', 'rash', 'skin rash']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine', 'Carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['lamotrigine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine exposure to @entity13414 ( @entity13414 ) at home, in workplace, and in various public places in Bangladesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 2009 Global Adult @entity286 Survey (GATS) conducted in Bangladesh was analyzed. The data consists of 9,629 respondents from a nationally representative multi-stage probability sample of adults aged 15 years and above. Exposure to @entity13414 was defined as respondents who reported being exposed to @entity286 smoke in the following locations: Indoor workplaces, homes, government building or office, health care facilities, public transportation, schools, universities, restaurants, and cafes, coffee shops or tea houses. Exposure to @entity286 smoke in these places was examined by gender across various socioeconomic and demographic sub-groups that include age, residence, education and wealth index using SPSS 17.0 for complex samples. RESULTS: The study shows high prevalence of @entity13414 exposure at home and in workplace and in public places. Exposure to @entity13414 among adults was reported high at home (54.9%) (male-58.2% and female-51.7%), in workplace (63%) (male-67.8% and female-30.4%), and in any public place (57.8%) (male-90.4% and female-25.1%) 30 days preceding the survey. Among the public places examined exposure was low in the educational institutions (schools-4.3%) and health care facilities (5.8%); however, exposure was high in public transportation (26.3%), and restaurants (27.6%). @entity13414 exposure levels at home, in workplace and public places were varied widely across various socioeconomic and demographic sub-groups. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure was reported high in settings having partial ban as compared to settings having a complete ban. Following the WHO FCTC and MPOWER measures, strengthening smoke-free legislation may further the efforts in Bangladesh towards creating and enforcing 100% smoke-free areas and educating the public about the dangers of @entity13414 . Combining these efforts can have a complementary effect on protecting the @entity1 from hazardous effect of @entity13414 as well as reducing the social acceptance of smoking both at home and in public and workplaces. Ongoing surveillance in Bangladesh is necessary to measure progress towards monitoring @entity13414 exposure.

title: Exposure to XXXX smoke among adults in Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity13414 :: ('MESH:C536784', 'Disease') :: ['SHS', 'second-hand smoke']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: We aimed to determine the ability of partial nephrectomy to prevent @entity454 and @entity5 recurrence or progression in @entity1 with @entity189 . Retrospectively, eight @entity1 undergoing partial nephrectomy for @entity189 were identified and their medical records reviewed. All @entity1 had imperative indications for nephron sparing, and diagnosis of @entity189 not adequately amenable to endoscopic management. Although three @entity1 suffered @entity4295 , only one required postoperative hemodialysis. During the follow-up period 25% (2/8) developed @entity454 , including the one @entity1 who had received postoperative hemodialysis. Recurrences occurred in five of seven @entity1 with adequate oncological surveillance. Recurrences were successfully treated endoscopically in 80% (4/5) @entity1 , and one @entity1 had @entity3 . Of the eight @entity1 , four have died. @entity204 occurred 4 months, 1 year, 1.2 years and 3.5 years after partial nephrectomy. Of these @entity1 , one succumbed to metastatic disease; the exact cause of @entity204 is unknown in the other three, but there was no documentation of @entity5 . The mean duration of follow up in the remaining four @entity1 , all without evidence of metastatic @entity5 , is 71 months (range 22-108 months). In summary, partial nephrectomy for @entity189 in @entity1 with imperative indications averts @entity454 in most @entity1 , and appears to be associated with acceptable disease-specific survival. Partial nephrectomy is a sparingly used option in @entity1 with @entity189 refractory to endoscopic management who have imperative indications for nephron sparing.

title: Open surgical partial nephrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'metastatic cancer', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: In 20 anesthetized opened-chest @entity235 , plunge wire and electrode catheter recordings of the this bundle electrogram which also showed septal activation, were monitored before and after ligation of the anterior septal artery. The average time to onset of @entity1165 after ligation was 5-1/2 min. The evolution of the @entity943 was temporally related to progressive @entity1949 and delay of the septal potential, resulting in a marked increase in total ventricular activation time (up to 335 msec). In six experiments the fragmented, delayed septal depolarization was inscribed well beyond the T wave of the surface QRS prior to the onset of @entity943 . @entity9054 involving the ischemic septal myocardium were observed which closely correlated to the patterns of conduction disorder in the ischemic proximal His-Purkinje system. First degree block, 2 degree block of the Mobitz II and Wenckebach types, @entity616 and paroxysmal complete block occurred. The onset of the @entity943 was characteristically associated with a Wenckebach pattern of conduction delay of a part of the septal deflection. Conduction disorders of the @entity63 were @entity591 -dependent. @entity1168 resulted in recovery of form, duration, and timing of the septal potential with the coincident disappearance of @entity943 . The study shows that the basic prerequisites for re-entry do exist during the early period following occlusion of a major coronary artery and can explain the malignant phase of @entity943 . Similar disorders in @entity1 may be detected by intracardiac electrode catheter recordings.

title: Electroide cather recording during malignant ventricular arrythmia following experimental acute myocardial ischemia. Evidence for re-entry due to conduction delay and block in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['Various conduction disorders']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['higher degree block']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic myocardium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3918 type 1 ( @entity5471 ) represents a @entity66 in which diffuse brain white and gray matter alterations related to clinical and genetic features have been described. We aimed to evaluate in the brain of adult @entity1 with @entity5471 (i) white and gray matter differences, including @entity62 and cortical thickness and (ii) their correlation with @entity717 , global neuropsychological performance and triplet expansion. METHODS: We included 24 adult genetically-confirmed @entity5471 @entity1 (14 males; age: 38.5      11.8  years) and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (14 males; age: 38.5      11.3  years) who underwent an identical brain MR protocol including high-resolution 3D T1-weighted, axial T2 FLAIR and DTI sequences. All @entity1 underwent an extensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluation. Voxel-wise analyses of white matter, performed by using Tract Based Spatial Statistics, and of gray matter, with Voxel-based Morphometry and Cortical Thickness, were carried out in order to test for differences between @entity1 with @entity5471 and healthy controls (p  <  0.05, corrected). The correlation between MRI measures and clinical-genetic features was also assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity5471 showed @entity854 of all DTI parameters in the white matter, which were associated with reduced gray matter volume in all brain lobes and thinning in parieto-temporo-occipital cortices, albeit with less extensive cortical alterations when congenital cases were removed from the analyses. White matter alterations correlated with @entity717 , global cognitive performance and triplet expansions. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity5471 , the combined smaller overall gray matter volume and white matter alterations seem to be the main morpho-structural substrates of CNS involvement in this condition. The correlation of white matter differences with both clinical and genetic findings lends support to this notion.

title: Relationship of white and gray matter abnormalities to clinical and genetic features in XXXX type 1.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['clinical disability']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['widespread abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['Myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['cortical-subcortical gray matter volume']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['myotonic dystrophy']