abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity734 among individuals with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) is associated with a range of adverse psychosocial outcomes in the areas of occupational functioning, housing stability, economic independence, access to health care, and involvement with the legal system. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of @entity734 ( @entity734 ), SSDS, and dual diagnosis with both disorders on the risk for six important @entity2673 . This was accomplished using a large dataset of @entity1 who are representative of individuals in routine US @entity146 practice. METHOD: Weighted data from the 1999 Study of Psychiatric @entity1 and Treatments from a practice-based research network of the American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education were analyzed. Some 615 US psychiatrists provided detailed clinical, psychosocial, and health services information on 1,843 @entity1 , including 285 @entity1 with one or more @entity734 without an @entity15838 , 180 @entity1 with a diagnosis of an @entity15838 without @entity734 comorbidity, and 68 dually diagnosed @entity1 . @entity2357 models were used to determine effect estimates (adjusted odds ratios), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: After adjusting for sociodemographic variables and for @entity15838 diagnosis, SUD diagnosis was independently associated with increased risk for five of the @entity2673 of interest ( @entity3675 , housing problems, economic problems, problems with access to health care services, and problems related to interaction with the legal system/crime) when compared to all other @entity146 @entity1 (n=1,310). After adjusting for the sociodemographic variables and for SUD diagnosis, @entity15838 diagnosis (compared to all other @entity146 diagnoses) was associated with @entity2270 , but not with the other five psychosocial problems of interest. The presence of both an SUD and an @entity15838 diagnosis (dual diagnosis) was associated with a greater risk for four of the six @entity2673 studied, compared to the risks associated with either diagnosis alone. Limiting the substance of abuse to @entity167 resulted in similar findings. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity734 are associated with increased risk for poor social adjustment, the comorbidity of @entity734 and @entity72 is associated with greatly compounded psychosocial burdens. These findings, from a large sample of representative US @entity146 @entity1 , demonstrate the ongoing need for improved services and policies for those specially burdened @entity1 with the dual diagnosis of both an @entity15838 and @entity734 or @entity734 .

title: The associations between @entity734 , @entity72 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational problems']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['Axis IV psychosocial problems']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['SSDs', 'schizophrenia-spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['Axis IV economic problems']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'Substance abuse', 'SUDs', 'substance abuse', 'substance use disorders']

answer: @entity2673 :: (MESH:C535569,Disease) :: ['Axis IV psychosocial problems']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stage IV @entity14 encompasses various clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to validate the utility of the recent AJCC @entity14 sub-classification, and to establish a prognostic scoring system using independent factors. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the multicenter registry. Factors affecting the curative resection and prognosis were analyzed in @entity1 with @entity14 . RESULTS: Of the 60,176 @entity1 who received surgery for @entity14 , 9,624 (16.0 %) were classified as stage IV. The prognoses of @entity1 with peritoneum-only @entity3 were superior to those of @entity1 with a stage IVB (P < 0.0001). Of the 11 independent prognostic factors identified, eight with a hazard ratio greater than 1.3 (depth of @entity5 invasion, regional lymph node @entity3 , histologic grade, liver @entity3 , lung @entity3 , distant lymph node @entity3 , peritoneal @entity3 , and curative resection) were used in the prognostic scoring system. The scoring system gave one or two points for the presence of each prognosis risk factor, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 9. The 5-year overall survival rates of @entity1 with a total score of 0-2, 3, 4, 5, and 6-9 were 50.4, 30.4, 17.7, 7.7, and 4.0 %, respectively (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Although the AJCC staging for @entity1 with @entity14 reflected the prognosis, @entity1 with peritoneum-only metastases should be classified as stage IVA. The prognostic scoring system using eight independent factors is useful in predicting the survival of @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: Prognostic scoring system for XXXX : is the AJCC sub-classification of @entity14 appropriate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['stage IV colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous @entity1512 is an uncommon disease, which may result in serious complications with potentially high morbidity and mortality. We conducted a prospective case study over a 2-year period in order to analyze the clinical features, approaches to management, and outcome of @entity1512 . METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity1 (four @entity1 , four @entity1 ; age range 53-82 years) suffering from @entity1512 were identified during the study period. Parameters recorded included: demographics, past medical history, predisposing factors, presenting signs and symptoms, spinal level and extension of the @entity32 , microbiological testing, radiological assessment, kind and duration of treatment, follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, and outcome. RESULTS: Duration of symptoms varied from 14 to 90 days. All @entity1 had back @entity158 ; @entity221 >or=38 degrees C was present in 5/8 (62.5%) and neurological findings in 6/8 (75%). @entity6 was identified in six (75%). Most of the @entity1 had elevated laboratory markers of @entity32 . At the initial MRI, 12 anatomical levels were found. The microorganism was identified in 7/8 by blood or bone marrow cultures (50% @entity794 ). None of the @entity1 underwent surgical intervention. Seven @entity1 (87.5%) recovered to full activity; follow-up MRI study results were not always in parallel with the clinical improvement of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous @entity1512 should be considered in every @entity1 with back @entity158 accompanied by @entity221 and laboratory markers of @entity32 . The major predisposing risk factor seems to be uncontrolled @entity6 . MRI appears to be the method of choice for confirming diagnosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis along with prompt administration of antibiotics appears mandatory for a favorable outcome and avoidance of surgical intervention.

title: Spontaneous XXXX : presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['infection, laboratory indices of inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['spondylodiscitis']


abstract: Substantial evidence supports an association between @entity32 , and @entity5 . The aim of this study was to assess the effect of @entity7278 on @entity213 ( @entity213 ). The study population consisted of new @entity1 at the Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Roswell Park @entity5 Institute between 1999 and 2005. Cases were @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity213 . Controls were all @entity1 seen during the same time period but negative for @entity5 . @entity1 age <21 years, edentulous, immunocompromised, and those with history of @entity5 were excluded. @entity2521 was measured by @entity604 ( @entity604 ) from panoramic radiographs by one examiner blind to @entity5 status. A total of 473 @entity1 (266 cases and 207 controls) were included in the study. Each millimeter of @entity604 was associated with >4-fold increased risk of @entity213 (odds ratio, 4.36; 95% confidence interval, 3.16-6.01) after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, smoking status, @entity167 use, and missing teeth. The strength of the association was greatest in the @entity1697 , followed by oropharynx and larynx. The association persisted in subjects who never used @entity286 and @entity167 . There was a significant interaction between smoking and @entity604 (P = 0.03). @entity1 with @entity2521 were more likely to have poorly differentiated @entity1697 SCC than those without @entity2521 (32.8% versus 11.5%; P = 0.038). This study suggests that @entity7278 is an independent risk factor for @entity213 and smoking modifies this association. These results have implications for practical and safe strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity213 .

title: XXXX and the incidence of @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infections/inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar bone loss', 'ABL']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['Periodontitis', 'periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['Chronic periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radical prostatectomy is the most common and effective therapy for @entity263 . But in addition to its surgical complications, even highly selected series carry a positive margin rate of 35 to 50%. Radiotherapy is another alternative for @entity263 , but following radiotherapy there have been high positive biopsies reported. Cryosurgery, defined as in situ freezing and hence, devitalization of neoplastic tissues, has currently raised the interest of urologists in the management of @entity263 or failed radiotherapy. MATERIAL: Five @entity1 underwent transperineal cryosurgery of prostate in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Among them, three cases were stage D, one stage B and another failed radiotherapy of @entity5 . All @entity1 received hormone therapy too. RESULTS: PSA declined in 3 @entity1 and biopsies showed @entity5 . All 5 @entity1 suffered from @entity322 and one persisted. No mortality has been reported. CONCLUSION: Cryoablation of the prostate is an alternative for treatment of @entity263 .

title: Application of cryoablation in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage C prostate cancer', 'intraductal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urine incontinence']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity1459 and non-ST-segment elevation @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are collectively referred to as unstable @entity453 (UCAD). They are conditions that share a common pathophysiology and represent frequently encountered, potentially life-threatening clinical manifestations of advanced @entity731 . Therefore, treatment of UCAD is a major focus for practicing clinicians, and although pharmacologic agents have been developed that impact on @entity1 outcome, recent data suggest that a further reduction in @entity63 complications is possible. Acute-phase treatment with @entity117 is associated with a significant reduction in death and nonfatal @entity583 in @entity1 with UCAD. This benefit is enhanced by the addition of unfractionated heparin (UFH) to the treatment strategy; however, UFH requires careful monitoring and titration. In contrast, low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), produced by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of UFH, yield a predictable and consistent pharmacokinetic profile and anticoagulant response, making them an attractive treatment alternative to UFH in @entity1 with UCAD. The optimal duration of treatment with LMWH is an important question influenced by the observation that reactivation of coagulation occurs following the early and abrupt discontinuation of heparin treatment. Early trials, such as FRISC and FRIC, demonstrated the benefit of acute therapy with @entity16960 ; however, the results of extended treatment with @entity16960 were inconclusive. The extended phase of these studies included relatively low-risk @entity1 , and a once-daily, relatively low-dose strategy was employed. The findings derived from the FRISC II trial, which used a twice-daily dose of @entity16960 , suggest a benefit for at least 60 days with extended treatment in high-risk @entity1 with UCAD. Although an early-invasive treatment strategy is particularly beneficial, @entity1 in whom early revascularization is not possible should be considered for extended treatment with @entity16960 for up to 45 days, especially those awaiting percutaneous coronary intervention. Extended treatment with @entity16960 therefore provides a protective "bridge" to enhance the outcome of @entity1 with UCAD awaiting revascularization.

title: A critical review of clinical trials for low-molecular-weight heparin therapy in unstable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['dalteparin', 'dalteparin sodium']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Distal anterior choroidal artery (AChA) @entity439 are rare, with few surgically verified reported cases. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report a rare case of distal AChA @entity439 associated with @entity7025 in a 48-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity391 and severe @entity10 . Computed tomographic scans revealed an @entity1779 in the right temporoparietal lobe and a @entity548 . INTERVENTION: The @entity1410 was removed via computed tomography-guided stereotactic aspiration and ventricular drainage. Cerebral angiography showed a @entity439 located at the distal branch of the right AChA. By means of magnetic resonance imaging, a small signal void lesion was detected in the periventricular area lateral to the trigone of the right lateral ventricle. The @entity439 was accurately accessed via a parietal cortical incision by use of magnetic resonance imaging-guided stereotactic localization. The @entity439 was successfully resected after undergoing trapping of the parent artery, and when the @entity1 was discharged, he had no evidence of @entity51 . The @entity439 was histologically verified to be a true @entity439 . CONCLUSION: Direct surgery should be considered in cases of @entity1756 located in the periventricular or intraventricular regions.

title: Distal anterior choroidal artery aneurysm in a @entity1 with XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysm', 'aneurysms in moyamoya disease', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured distal AChA aneurysms']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['moyamoya disease']


abstract: Purified @entity55851 hydrolase from @entity4328 or @entity95 erythrocytes is inactivated when incubated with @entity268 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity1425 , which increases cytosolic @entity268 and @entity460 concentrations, is able to modify in situ the activity of @entity55851 hydrolase in the heart. The enzyme was assayed in a crude extract obtained from superfused @entity840 papillary muscles with the different tested substances. @entity1425 was found to inhibit @entity55851 hydrolase in papillary muscles in a concentration-dependent fashion. This inhibition was associated with an increase in the concentration of @entity55851 (326%), and a decrease of @entity859 (40%). beta-Adrenoceptors are involved in the effect of @entity1425 , since @entity3044 , a beta-adrenergic agonist, inhibited the enzyme, whereas the beta-adrenergic blocker, @entity1169 , prevented this inhibition. Participation of @entity460 in the inhibitory effect of @entity1425 was suggested because the @entity460 channel blocker, @entity1855 , suppressed this inhibition, and high @entity460 in the perfusion medium inhibited the enzyme. In vitro experiments with @entity460 were performed in a semi-purified fraction of the enzyme, resulting in a concentration-dependent inhibition of the enzyme. @entity460 concentration, which inhibited the enzyme 50%, was in the millimolar range for control and in the micromolar range for the obtained enzyme from @entity1425 -treated muscles, indicating a different sensitivity to @entity460 inhibition. We conclude that @entity1425 inhibits @entity55851 hydrolase in situ, probably by a @entity460 -modulated mechanism.

title: Inhibition of XXXX hydrolase by @entity1425 in isolated @entity840 papillary muscles.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity55851 :: ('CHEBI:57856', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline', 'adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity55851 :: (CHEBI:57856,Chemical) :: ['S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is characterized by the deposition of fibrillar deposits formed by the amyloid beta ( @entity477 ) peptide. The most widely accepted model of fibrillogenesis of @entity477 affirms that fibrillogenesis occurs in two distinct stages, nucleation and elongation. A modification of the model includes the formation of micelles. We have demonstrated with accurate experimental determinations the existence of aggregates with micellar properties (namely, the critical micellar concentration, CMC, and aggregation number). Values of the CMC were obtained by analysis of surface tension (17.5 microM) and changes in the fluorescence of @entity9435 (17.6 microM), respectively. The average aggregation number determined by fluorescence quenching was 25, and it was independent of peptide concentration. The presence of micelles implies that above the CMC all excess peptide is incorporated into micelles, and consequently, the monomer concentration is kept almost constant. Thus, micelles act as a peptide reservoir. Micelles are located on-pathway, since they serves as nucleation centers. Experimental data support the model, since above 17.7 microM the time of half-aggregation is independent of peptide concentration, and the overall reaction of the conversion of monomer peptide into fibril can be treated as an apparent first-order reaction.

title: Evidence of the existence of micelles in the fibrillogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity477 :: (351,Gene) :: ['beta-amyloid peptide']


abstract: We and others have previously documented increased resting and exercise-induced skeletal muscle blood flow in young subjects with @entity1723 compared with healthy controls. Both NO and @entity2918 are important regulators of vascular tone and may therefore contribute to this hyperaemia. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of NO and vasodilator @entity2918 to this skeletal muscle hyperaemia in @entity6 . We assessed the effects of infusion into the intrabrachial artery of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor @entity117 ( @entity1281 ; @entity117 ) and of the @entity534 analogue @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ) on skeLetal muscle blood flow in subjects with @entity6 ( @entity3918 subjects) and control subjects. Blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Isotonic forearm exercise involved 2 min of wrist flexion and extension. Resting flow (forearm blood flow; FBF) was augmented in @entity3918 subjects, as was peak exercise-related blood flow (PFBF) and the volume repaid to the forearm 5 min after exercise (AUC 5, where AUC is area under the flow-time curve) (P<0.05), even when accounting for differences in basal flow. Infusion of @entity7293 reduced resting flow by 48% in controls (P<0.005) and by 12% in @entity3918 subjects (not significant). @entity7293 reduced PFBF and AUC 5 by 29% (P<0.05) and 39% (P<0.0005) respectively in controls, but had no significant effect on these parameters in @entity3918 subjects. Infusion of @entity1281 reduced FBF, PFBF and AUC 5 in both @entity3918 (P<0.05) and control (P<0.05) subjects, but the magnitude of this reduction was greater in @entity3918 than in control subjects (ANOVA, P<0.05), even when differences in resting FBF were accounted for. Indeed, @entity1281 eliminated the differences in FBF, PFBF and AUC 5 between @entity3918 and control subjects. Thus increased release of vasodilator @entity2918 , rather than of NO, appears to account for skeletal muscle hyperaemia in @entity1723 .

title: Vasodilator @entity2918 , but not nitric oxide, may account for skeletal muscle hyperaemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Type I diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type I diabetes', 'Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type I diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2072 @entity137 frequently manifests as @entity410 and @entity159 . Frequently, @entity413 is administered to @entity1 with @entity2072 -induced @entity410 . The objective of this study was to examine the effect of pre-existing @entity4854 on @entity2072 @entity2359 and @entity204 in @entity19 . METHODS: Swiss albino @entity19 received intraperitoneal dextrose at a dose of 1 g/kg (12.5%) ( @entity1602 group, n = 98). The euglycemic group (n = 98) received an equal volume of 0.9% saline. After 60 minutes, all the animals received intraperitoneal @entity2072 at a dose of 90 mg/kg. The times to onset of @entity2055 , @entity410 , and @entity204 were recorded in seconds. Times to events were compared using a Kaplan-Meier method and results were compared using the logrank test. The overall percentage outcomes were compared using chi-square. RESULTS: The @entity2055 rates ( @entity1602 97%, euglycemic 97%, chi(2) = 0, @entity29605 ), @entity410 rates ( @entity1602 85%, euglycemic 82%, chi(2) = 0.292, p = 0.589), and survival rates ( @entity1602 62%, euglycemic 51%, chi(2) = 0.2514, p = 0.113) were similar between the groups. The survival following a @entity410 was significantly higher in the @entity1602 group ( @entity1602 57%, euglycemic 41%, chi(2) = 4.439, p = 0.035). The median @entity2055 time was earlier in the @entity1602 group (190 sec) than in the euglycemic group (166 sec) (p = 0.031). @entity410 occurred no earlier in the @entity1602 group (331 sec) than in the euglycemic group (342 sec) (p = 0.207). Survival times were not different for the @entity1602 group (9,133 sec) and the euglycemic group (7,593 sec) (p = 0.394). Survival times following @entity410 were not different for the @entity1602 group (8,095 sec) and the euglycemic group (5,816 sec) (p = 0.0752). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity19 with pre-existing @entity4854 , @entity2055 occurred earlier and survival following @entity2072 -induced @entity410 was longer than for euglycemic @entity19 . No significant difference in the overall percentage of @entity410 and @entity204 was detected. Pre-existing @entity4854 had minimal effect on worsening @entity2072 @entity137 in @entity19 .

title: The effect of @entity4854 on @entity2072 @entity2359 and XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal herniorrhaphy (TAPP) was attempted on 989 @entity547 in 708 @entity1 . Of these 137 (14%) @entity547 were recurrent after conventional anterior repair. Laparoscopic repair was performed on 135 recurrences in 120 @entity1 (the study cohort). There were 119 males and three females with an average age of 59 years (22-83 years). One hundred twelve (83%) were the first recurrences, and 23 (17%) were multiple recurrences. In 90 recurrences (66.7%) the last repair was performed more than 10 years previously. Seventy-seven @entity1 (64%) had a prior or concomitant repair of a @entity717 . Direct recurrences and right-side recurrences were more common (73% and 61% respectively). @entity260 occurred in 18 repairs (13%). These included 15 @entity1410 , two @entity2080 , and one urinary retention. Re-recurrence occurred in one @entity1 (0.7%) in whom @entity547 staples were not used. No recurrence has occurred since the @entity547 staples became available. We conclude that the overall incidence of recurrent @entity169 is high (14%). @entity1 with recurrent @entity547 have a tendency toward a @entity717 (64%). Most recurrences occurred 10 or more years after the previous repair (66.7%). The laparoscopic repair (TAPP) offers a good repair for recurrent @entity3145 and with low complication and recurrence rates.

title: Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal XXXX for recurrent @entity169 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia avoiding the scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Open radical nephroureterectomy has been the standard treatment for upper @entity3484 ( @entity1606 ). Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LN) offers the advantages of a minimally invasive approach. We report our experience with both @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ) and total LN. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity1 who underwent @entity8566 and LN for the treatment of localized upper urinary tract @entity1606 between 2001 and 2005. Histology of the operative specimen confirmed @entity189 in all cases. Their demographic data, perioperative parameters and follow-up data were assessed. RESULTS: There were 31 @entity1 with a median age of 71 years (range 39-82 years). The mean operating time was 236 min (range 120-350 min) and mean @entity190 was 365 ml (range 200-2000 ml). There were no conversions to open surgery. The mean length of hospitalization was 7 days (range 3-30 days). Clear oncological margins were achieved in 27 cases. The mean duration of follow-up was 28 months (range 2-55 months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8566 and LN are safe and effective alternatives to open surgery for the treatment of upper urinary tract @entity1606 . Medium-term follow-up showed favourable oncological results. A larger sample size and a longer follow-up period are required before @entity8566 and LN can be considered standard treatments for upper urinary tract @entity1606 .

title: Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-assisted LN', 'HALN']

answer: @entity3484 :: (MESH:D014571,Disease) :: ['urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: Chemotherapeutic drugs are cytotoxic by induction of apoptosis in drug-sensitive cells. We investigated the mechanism of @entity1732 -induced @entity137 in @entity157 cells. At concentrations present in the sera of @entity1 during therapy, @entity1732 induced transient accumulation of nuclear wild-type (wt) @entity876 and upregulated expression of cell surface @entity1197 ( @entity1197 in @entity157 cells carrying wt @entity876 (HepG2). @entity1732 did not increase @entity1197 in @entity157 cells with mutated @entity876 ( @entity5959 ) or in @entity157 cells which were @entity876 -/- (Hep3B). In addition, sensitivity towards @entity1197 -mediated apoptosis was also increased in wt @entity876 positive HepG2 cells. Microinjection of wt @entity876 cDNA into HepG2 cells had the same effect. In contrast, @entity1732 did not enhance susceptibility towards @entity1197 -mediated apoptosis in @entity5959 and in Hep3B cells. Furthermore, @entity1732 treatment of HepG2 cells increased @entity12 ( @entity12 ) mRNA expression. Most notably, @entity1732 -induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells was almost completely inhibited by antibodies which interfere with @entity1197 receptor/ligand interaction. These data suggest that apoptosis induced by @entity1732 is mediated, at least in part, by @entity876 -dependent stimulation of the @entity1197 receptor/ligand system. The same applies to other anti- @entity5 drugs such as @entity900 and @entity1499 . These data may have major consequences for drug treatment of @entity5 and the explanation of drug sensitivity and resistance.

title: Drug-induced apoptosis in XXXX cells is mediated by the @entity1197 ( @entity1197 /ligand system and involves activation of wild-type @entity876 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: Behavioral studies have demonstrated that chronic food restriction augments the rewarding and motor-activating effects of centrally injected psychostimulants and direct @entity935 (DA) receptor agonists. Recently, it has been shown that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of the D-1 DA receptor agonist, @entity11639 , produces an enhanced locomotor-activating effect as well as increased activation of striatal ERK 1/2 MAP kinase, CaM kinase II, @entity14889 , and @entity5019 in food-restricted (FR) relative to ad libitum fed (AL) @entity35 . Striatal neurons that express the D-1 DA receptor coexpress dynorphin and substance P, and @entity14889 is known to couple D-1 DA receptor stimulation to @entity20543 (ppD) gene expression. The purpose of the present study was to examine possible genomic consequences of FR using real-time quantitative RT-PCR to measure striatal @entity11095 gene expression 3 h after i.c.v. injection of @entity11639 (20 microg). Results indicate that, in nucleus accumbens (NAc), basal levels of ppD and preprotachykinin ( @entity12892 ) mRNA are lower in FR than AL @entity35 . This may reflect a decrease in tonic DA transmission during FR which precedes the compensatory upregulation of postsynaptic D-1 DA receptor-mediated cell signaling. In response to @entity11639 challenge, however, FR subjects displayed greater levels of ppD and @entity12892 mRNA in NAc than did AL subjects. A similar trend was seen in caudate-putamen (CPu). @entity11639 also increased @entity18812 (ppE) mRNA in Nac, but not CPu, with no difference between feeding groups. The present findings regarding ppD and @entity12892 are consistent with prior findings of increased behavioral and cellular responses to acute D-1 DA agonist challenge in FR @entity35 . The functional consequences of increased @entity11095 gene expression in response to acute drug challenge remain to be investigated but may include modulation of behavioral effects that emerge with repeated drug exposure, including sensitization, tolerance, and addiction.

title: Comparison of basal and D-1 @entity935 receptor agonist-stimulated @entity11095 gene expression in caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens of ad libitum fed and food-restricted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity18812 :: ('MESH:C033660', 'Chemical') :: ['preproenkephalin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a rare cause of @entity1448 in @entity1 . Causative mutations in @entity56818 , a gene that encodes a Class C vacuolar sorting protein, have recently been reported in individuals with @entity8 . We have identified a @entity3392 @entity56818 -ortholog that is expressed in developing liver and intestine. Knockdown of @entity56818 causes bile duct paucity and impairs intestinal lipid absorption, thus phenocopying digestive defects characteristic of @entity8 . By contrast, neither motor axon nor kidney epithelial defects typically seen in @entity8 could be identified in @entity56818 -deficient larvae. Biliary defects in @entity56818 -deficient @entity3392 larvae closely resemble the bile duct paucity associated with knockdown of the onecut transcription factor @entity56819 . Consistent with this, reduced @entity56818 expression was evident in @entity56819 -deficient larvae and in larvae with mutation of @entity56820 , a downstream target of @entity56819 . @entity3392 @entity56820 , but not @entity56819 , increases @entity56818 expression in @entity3392 embryos and in @entity1 liver cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggest that this regulation occurs through direct binding of @entity56820 to the @entity56818 promoter. These findings identify @entity56818 as a novel downstream target gene of the @entity56819 / @entity56820 pathway that regulates bile duct development in @entity3392 . Furthermore, they show that tissue-specific roles for genes that regulate trafficking of intracellular proteins have been modified during vertebrate evolution.

title: XXXX vps33b, an ortholog of the gene responsible for @entity1 @entity8 , regulates biliary development downstream of the onecut transcription factor hnf6.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis syndrome', 'ARC']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Zebrafish', 'zebrafish']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Zebrafish']


abstract: @entity4243 ( @entity4243 ) is more identified for its cutaneous features but its neurological manifestations have not received the focused attention. Four @entity1 of @entity4243 ( @entity4243 ) with neurological manifestations were evaluated for phenotypic data. These four @entity1 were from three families and two had consanguineous parentage. The mean age at onset and presentation of neurological symptoms were 10.5 years and 19 years respectively. @entity1 1 presented with bilateral @entity1952 , @entity1274 , @entity6447 and @entity16 . @entity1 2 had marfanoid habitus, @entity4790 and @entity6447 . @entity1 3 had action and percussion @entity8525 , @entity5653 and weakness of @entity121 . @entity1 4 had action @entity8525 , @entity33159 of both hands and @entity16 . MRI of brain showed right parietal @entity8568 . Neuroaxis involvement at multiple levels in @entity4243 may have prognostic significance.

title: Neurological manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity33159 :: ('OMIM:157600', 'Disease') :: ['mirror movements']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome', 'EDS']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['sternocleidomastoid and distal limb muscles']

answer: @entity4243 :: (MESH:D004535,Disease) :: ['Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome']


abstract: Postural control impairments and @entity1296 , which are major health problems with high secondary morbidity and mortality, increase with aging. Elevated @entity1255 (Hcy) level is an age-related @entity209 , known to be involved in @entity51 . Elevated Hcy level might be involved in sensory balance control systems impairment and @entity1296 occurrence. @entity1296 , fitness Instrumental Activity of Daily Living scale (fitness IADL), systolic arterial pressure with ankle-brachial blood pressure index and @entity3563 were studied in 61 noninstitutionized elderly @entity1 . Clinical balance tests (timed "Up and Go", 10-m walking and one-leg balance) and posturography (including @entity13317 [ @entity13317 ] and cognitive conflicting situations [CCS]) were performed. Clinical balance control was lower in dizzy @entity1 who presented particularly poor stability in @entity13317 . @entity1296 was related to low fitness IADL scores (odds ratio [OR] 0.452, 95% CI 0.216-0.946) and to elevated Hcy (OR 8.084, 95% CI 1.992-32.810). Elevated Hcy was correlated with @entity74 both in @entity13317 and CCS. @entity1296 is associated with a reduced ability in balance control management. Hcy is related both to @entity1296 and low postural performance. This relation between elevated Hcy levels and @entity73 , resulting in @entity1296 , may be explained by its angiotoxicity and @entity2359 .

title: XXXX in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['balance impairments']

entities_list: @entity3563 :: ('MESH:C566403', 'Disease') :: ['homocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular, neurological, and multisensory dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['balance disorders']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['Dizziness', 'dizziness']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity13317 :: ('MESH:C580162', 'Disease') :: ['sensory conflicting situations', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Biological determinants of postural disorders']


abstract: The early establishment of an @entity2858 reservoir with integrated provirus in the DNA of cells with @entity281 hampers viral eradication, despite maintenance of viral loads lower than 50 copies/mL for years. By early initiation of highly suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), the half-life of this reservoir could be as short as 4.6 months and require only 7.7 years for complete elimination. The constant presence of low-grade viral replication probably indefinitely replenishes this resting CD4+ T cell reservoir. This reservoir probably results from both the release of virus stored in latently-infected cells that have become activated and from residual replication of some still-activated cells. This also allows new resistant mutants selected after therapeutic failure to be incorporated into the reservoir. @entity5197 has been demonstrated to significantly reduce elimination times in the first two viral decay phases after initiation of ART. On starting the second phase, the viral load was 70% lower in @entity1 treated with @entity5197 than in those treated with efavirenz. Through its late mechanism of action in the @entity2858 cell cycle, this drug could induce greater decreases in proviral DNA than other antiretroviral agents. The presence of unintegrated @entity645 DNA under prolonged effective ART indicates that either there is continual low-level viral replication or that this unintegrated DNA can persist for prolonged periods. In both cases, intensification of ART with @entity5197 could provide beneficial effects on the speed of elimination of the @entity2858 reservoir.

title: [Potential of integrase inhibitors to deplete XXXX reservoirs or prevent their replenishment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['latent infection']

entities_list: @entity5197 :: ('MESH:C507898', 'Chemical') :: ['raltegravir', 'Raltegravir']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Fermentation of rye dough is often accompanied with an increase in @entity1501 content. In this study, three sourdough @entity375 , Candida milleri CBS 8195, @entity375 TS 146, and @entity53173 TS 207; a control, @entity375 @entity375 ALKO 743; and four @entity18326 spp., @entity9206 TSB 262, @entity3869 TSB 307, @entity1336 TSB 304, and @entity18326 TSB 299 originally isolated from rye sourdough were examined for their abilities to produce or consume folates. The microorganisms were grown in @entity375 extract-peptone- @entity413 medium as well as in small-scale fermentations that modelled the sourdough fermentation step used in rye baking. Total @entity1501 contents were determined using @entity10263 (ATCC 7469) as the growth indicator organism. The microorganisms studied did not excrete folates into the media in significant amounts. @entity375 increased the @entity1501 contents of sterilised rye flour-water mixtures from 6.5 microg/100 g to between 15 and 23 microg/100 g after 19-h fermentation, whereas @entity880 bacteria decreased it to between 2.9 and 4.2 microg/100 g. Strains of @entity6330 , @entity6329 , @entity20201 , @entity10688 , @entity11070 , Pediococcus spp., and @entity5858 that were also tested gave @entity1501 contents after fermentation that varied between 2 and 10.4 microg/100 g. Although the four @entity18326 spp. from sourdough consumed folates their effect on @entity1501 contents in co-cultivations was minimal. It was concluded that the increase of @entity1501 content during fermentation was mainly due to @entity1501 synthesis by @entity375 . Fermentation of non-sterilised flour-water mixtures as such resulted in three-fold increases in the @entity1501 contents. Two @entity1501 producing bacteria were isolated from the non-sterilised flour and identified as Enterobacter cowanii and @entity5133 .

title: Effects of XXXX and bacteria on the levels of folates in rye sourdoughs.

entities_list: @entity5133 :: ('549', 'Species') :: ['Pantoea agglomerans']

entities_list: @entity18326 :: ('1625', 'Species') :: ['L. sanfranciscensis', 'Lactobacillus']

entities_list: @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus']

entities_list: @entity6330 :: ('1585', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus bulgaricus']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['L. acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Yeasts', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', "baker's yeast", 'yeast', 'yeasts', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity53173 :: ('4950', 'Species') :: ['Torulaspora delbrueckii']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['d-glucose']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeasts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) who are insured by Medicaid or health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are more likely to receive postacute care in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) than in rehabilitation facilities, compared with @entity1 insured by commercial fee-for-service (FFS) plans. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: County hospital admitting 30% of all @entity131 @entity1 . @entity1 : @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity131 discharged to rehabilitation facilities or SNFs between 1992 and 1997 (n = 1271); 56.3% were insured by Medicaid, 26.1% by FFS plans, and 17.6% by HMOs. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disposition on discharge from acute care (rehabilitation facilities vs SNF); adjusted relative risk (RR) and confidence interval (CI) for different insurance types. RESULTS: After accounting for confounding factors, Medicaid @entity1 were 68% more likely (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.34-2.11) and HMO @entity1 were 23% more likely (RR = 1.23, 95% CI =.90-1.68) to go to a SNF than FFS @entity1 . However, the latter difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: An association exists between insurance type and postacute care site. Efforts should be made to determine the effect this relationship has on the cost and outcomes for @entity131 @entity1 .

title: Discharge disposition from acute care after XXXX : the effect of insurance type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Washington State TBI', 'TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: We report the case of a 31-year-old @entity1 with no history of @entity299 . She came to the hospital with @entity221 , @entity1353 , palpitation, and @entity4 of the lower extremities. She was found to have aortic, mitral, and @entity338 , and the initial diagnosis was subacute @entity3555 . At surgery, we replaced the aortic and mitral valves with mechanical prostheses and the pulmonary valve with a bioprosthesis. The prostheses were soaked intraoperatively with @entity2380 and the @entity299 were irrigated with @entity4279 to prevent @entity281 by bacteria and fungi. We also found 2 previously unsuspected anomalies: 1 was a muscular bundle that divided the right ventricle into 2 chambers, and the other was a @entity1757 , 1.0 cm in diameter. We resected the muscular bundle and patched the @entity1757 . The @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course and was in New York Heart Association functional class I at the 15-month follow-up visit. We speculate that this @entity1 's @entity154 made the heart more susceptible to damage from the @entity884 . Therefore, any @entity1 who has @entity884 should also be examined closely for @entity154 .

title: Right XXXX complicated by subacute @entity3555 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies', 'congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defect', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart chambers', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular and septal anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the gene mutation and its possible mechanism in a long QT family. DESIGN: Using DNA samples obtained from the proband and his family members, we sequenced all the exons and flanking intron regions of @entity1 ether-go-go gene ( @entity9678 ) gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. We also investigated the mRNA expression of the @entity9678 gene in mutation carriers. RESULTS: We found a novel nonsense mutation ( @entity51929 ) in the @entity9678 gene. There were six mutation carriers in the family The @entity51929 mutation located in the S6/pore region and subjected to the mechanism of @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) according to the proposed @entity1547 rules. The mRNA level of the @entity9678 gene was significantly lower in @entity51929 carriers than in non-carriers. The mRNA expressed from the normal alleles was about 54% of that expressed in the non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS: A novel nonsense mutation was found in a LQTS family. The mutated transcript was subjected to @entity1547 mechanism according to the @entity1547 rule. @entity1547 might contribute to the mild phenotype presented in the pore surrounding mutation carriers.

title: A novel nonsense mutation XXXX in the S6/pore region of @entity1 ether-go-go gene found in a long QT syndrome family.

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['nonsense-mediated decay', 'NMD']

answer: @entity51929 :: (p|SUB|Y|652|X,ProteinMutation) :: ['Y652X']


abstract: Risk factors for @entity102 were studied in a random sample of 475 males and 728 females from the Metropolitan area of Santiago. A questionnaire was used to estimate the consumption of @entity167 and @entity286 and the level of physical activity. Weight and height were measured and socio-economic situation was classified according to Graffar. Prevalence rates for males and females were: @entity101 8.6 and 9.1%; @entity28 13.2 and 22.7%; present sokers 50.7 and 43.4%; sedentarism 75.6 and 86.9%; @entity167 consumption 56.2 and 19.8%. Thus, @entity1 show higher rates than males for @entity101 , @entity28 and sedentarism. They smoked as much as males and consumed less @entity167 . Among @entity1 a higher prevalence of @entity28 , @entity167 consumption and sedentarism was observed in lower socio-economic classes. Among males, only sedentarism was more prevalent in lower socio-economic classes. The number of risk factors present was 1 in 28.6% of the population; 2 in 40.1%; 3 in 22.1%; 4 in 3.7% and 5 in 0.1%. Absence of risk factors was observed in only 5.4% of the population. The present data may help to design preventive strategies for diseases related to these risk factors.

title: [Prevalence of risk factors for XXXX . A study in the general population of the metropolitan area, 1986-1987].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Probably the most common procedure in dentistry is the administration of local anesthetic, or LA. Immediate complications of LA administration include positive @entity1503 , blanching of the tissue and burning sensation on impingement of the nerve. Because studies about the immediate complications of LA administration were conducted before 1980, more recent data regarding this procedure are needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, an experienced dentist administered, 2,528 LA injections to 1,007 consecutive @entity1 with 1-inch 27-gauge needles, using a solution of 2 percent @entity3303 and 1:100,000 nordefrine @entity5209 . RESULTS: The authors observed positive @entity1503 in 73 injections (2.9 percent) without any further complications. The most severe immediate @entity1163 in one case. In 63 injections (2.5 percent), the dentist touched the nerve, and the @entity1 reported feeling an electric current sensation (40 times with @entity616 , 18 times with lingual nerve blocks, four times with @entity616 and one time with a second injection to the same site) without any further complications. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm that LA injections that are properly carried out appear to be safer today than they were in the past. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: LA is a safe procedure when the appropriate technique is used. It is even safer when an @entity616 is administered.

title: Immediate complications of local anesthetic administered to 1,007 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['complication-syncope-occurred only']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood aspiration']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['mental nerve blocks', 'inferior alveolar nerve blocks', 'inferior alveolar nerve block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Phospholipase C was purified 110 fold from @entity1 platelets. The activity of the enzyme was totally dependent upon @entity141 . The activity of the enzyme was markedly enhanced in the presence of @entity1426 and was strongly inhibited by @entity4028 antibiotics. The enzyme hydrolyzed endogenous @entity17420 in addition to PI in @entity141 dependent manner, suggesting the involvement of this enzyme in stimulus-linked rapid hydrolysis of @entity17420 in platelets. The stimulation by thrombin of 32P-labelled @entity1 platelets induced about 30% decrease in 32P- @entity49368 and about 220% increase in 32P-PA at the first 10 sec. The degree of hydrolysis of @entity49368 was dependent upon the amount of agonist and it was not affected by the extracellular concentration of @entity141 . The changes in 32P-phospholipids in thrombin-stimulated platelets in the absence of @entity141 were inhibited in a dose dependent manner by preincubation with relatively higher amount of @entity6028 AM. The inhibition was completely overcome by an addition of @entity3282 to the suspending buffer. By such treatment in the absence of extracellular @entity141 , the intracellular @entity141 concentration was significantly lowered below the basal level (less than 100 nM). Those observations suggest that @entity49368 breakdown in thrombin-stimulated platelets is primary mediated by the agonist receptor coupling and requires at least the basal level of intracellular @entity141 .

title: Hydrolysis of @entity17420 in XXXX platelets.

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity17420 :: ('MESH:D018129', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphosphoinositides']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2783 is a disorder of protein folding in which normally soluble proteins undergo conformational changes and are deposited in the extracellular space in an abnormal fibrillar form. Accumulation of these fibrils causes progressive disruption of the structure and function of tissues and organs, and the systemic forms of @entity2783 are frequently fatal. The conditions that underlie @entity527 may be either acquired or hereditary. Amyloid-A (AA) @entity2783 is the most common form of @entity1582 worldwide, @entity2783 occurs in the course of chronic @entity32 , @entity8649 , and with certain neoplasms such as @entity978 and @entity1358 . @entity2783 due to @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ) is not common but can be seen. We report here a @entity1 with @entity6331 and @entity12042 . CASE REPORT: we present a 30 year-old Egyptian male with a history of @entity6331 , accidently discovered to have @entity1985 range @entity644 and rising serum @entity1011 . Serology studies were negative or normal, including antinuclear antibody (ANA) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). C3 and C4 complement levels were normal. Kidney biopsy revealed @entity12042 . CT chest and abdomen revealed bilateral hilar and mediastinal @entity3329 and para-aortic lymph nodes. Endobronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage revealed non-specific chronic inflammatory changes. The @entity1 's secondary @entity2783 was presumed to be related to the long standing @entity6331 after exclusion of other causes of secondary @entity2783 . The @entity1 finally died due to @entity712 and @entity3126 . CONCLUSION: Long standing @entity6331 can lead to secondary @entity2783 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity12042 .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['RHD', 'rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['AA renal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloidosis', 'AA amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity8649 :: ('MESH:D056660', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary periodic fevers']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['Rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the results of helium ion irradiation in 218 @entity1 with @entity2184 treated more than 10 years ago. METHOD: A retrospective review was made of 218 @entity1 (218 eyes) treated with helium ion radiation for @entity2184 between 1978 and 1984. RESULTS: After helium ion irradiation, 208 (95.4%) of 218 eyes had @entity5 control. Ten years after irradiation, 46 (22.4%) of 218 eyes had been enucleated; the majority of enucleations (37 of 46) resulted from anterior ocular segment complications. Ten years after radiation, 102 (46.8%) of the 218 @entity1 were dead; 51 had non- @entity320 -related deaths and 51 had died of @entity320 . Best-corrected visual acuity after radiation was greater than 20/40 in 21 (23%) of 93 eyes of the @entity1 who were alive and who had retained their eyes 10 or more years after treatment. In @entity1 with @entity5 less than 6 mm in height and more than 3 mm distant from the nerve or the fovea, 13 (72%) of 18 retained visual acuity greater than 20/40. In contrast, only 11% of the @entity1 with either thicker @entity5 or those close to the nerve or fovea retained that level of visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Helium ion irradiation of @entity2184 is associated with good @entity5 control and reasonable retention of the treated eye 10 years after treatment. In eyes with @entity5 less than 6 mm in thickness and more than 3 mm distant from the optic nerve and fovea, many @entity227 .

title: Ten-year follow-up of helium ion therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['retain excellent vision']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: The complete @entity377 sequence and exon/intron structure of the @entity35 embryonic skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene has been determined. This gene comprises 24 X 10(3) bases of DNA and is split into 41 exons. The exons encode a 6035 @entity377 (nt) long mRNA consisting of 90 nt of 5' untranslated, 5820 nt of protein coding and 125 nt of 3' untranslated sequence. The @entity35 embryonic MHC polypeptide is encoded by exons 3 to 41 and contains 1939 @entity535 residues with a calculated Mr of 223,900. Its @entity535 sequence displays the structural features typical for all sarcomeric MHCs, i.e. an @entity1472 -terminal "globular" head region and a @entity1473 -terminal alpha-helical rod portion that shows the characteristics of a coiled coil with a superimposed 28-residue repeat pattern interrupted at only four positions by "skip" residues. The complex structure of the @entity35 embryonic MHC gene and the conservation of intron locations in this and other MHC genes are indicative of a highly split ancestral sarcomeric MHC gene. Introns in the @entity35 embryonic gene interrupt the coding sequence at the boundaries separating the proteolytic subfragments of the head, but not at the head/rod junction or between the 28-residue repeats present within the rod. Therefore, there is little evidence for exon shuffling and intron-dependent evolution by gene duplication as a mechanism for the generation of the ancestral MHC gene. Rather, intron insertion into a previously non-split ancestral MHC rod gene consisting of multiple tandemly arranged 28-residue-encoding repeats, or convergent evolution of an originally non-repetitive ancestral MHC rod gene must account for the observed structure of the rod-encoding portion of present-day MHC genes.

title: Complete @entity377 and encoded XXXX sequence of a mammalian myosin heavy chain gene. Evidence against intron-dependent evolution of the rod.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: @entity66 in young @entity1 has not been as well characterized in East Africa as it has been in industrialized countries. Although pneumococci are likely to cause substantial mortality and morbidity, universal diagnostic challenges plus the rudimentary nature of public health surveillance make the true epidemiological characteristics of these diseases difficult to ascertain with these methods alone. However, local data are critical to inform the debate on vaccine deployment and assess vaccine impact. The Network for Surveillance of @entity66 in the East African Region has worked to expand the World Health Organization Paediatric @entity4008 Network-initiated surveillance process aimed at @entity327 influenza type b to perform surveillance on @entity66 . A total of 119 @entity327 isolates from @entity1 aged >2 years but <5 years of age have been confirmed. Eighty-three isolates (69.75%) were serotype b, 19 belonged to other capsular antigen groups, and 17 were nontypable. For @entity328 , a total of 442 isolates were confirmed to be pneumococci; 302 isolates were from blood cultures, and 140 were from cultures of cerebrospinal fluid. Most of the isolates were obtained from @entity1 in the 6-29-month age group; in this age group, overall coverage by the heptavalent vaccine was 56% (increasing to 67% with the addition of cross-protection due to serotype 6A). @entity2260 isolates are susceptible to most commonly used antibiotics, with the exception of @entity206 - @entity207 , and have exhibited no resistance to @entity114 . A surveillance network is in place to provide local data on the importance of @entity2260 as a cause of both @entity693 and @entity2259 . Serotypes in the currently available heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine and related serotypes account for two-thirds of invasive @entity66 among @entity1 aged 6-29 months.

title: Report on invasive disease and @entity693 due to @entity327 and XXXX pneumonia from the Network for Surveillance of @entity66 in the East African Region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal diseases', 'pneumococcal disease', 'Pneumococcal disease', 'Pneumococcal Disease']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae', 'Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus']


abstract: In @entity375 , adenylate cyclase activity is controlled by @entity16778 and @entity6774 . Activation of the Ras proteins is in turn controlled by the GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), @entity48509 and @entity37038 , and the @entity6370 exchange factor (GNEF), @entity49494 . We have characterized @entity49494 enzymologically in order to gain information about the mechanism of @entity49494 -mediated @entity6370 exchange and to appreciate how the activity of a GNEF is integrated as a part of a basic molecular switch module consisting of Ras, GNEF, and GAP. Using @entity6774 and a catalytic fragment of @entity49494 , both expressed in and purified from @entity526 , we determined that @entity49494 has a Km for @entity6774 - @entity3006 of 160 nM and a maximal rate of 0.20 s-1. The Km of @entity49494 for @entity6774 complexed to @entity3007 is 3-fold greater than that for @entity6774 complexed to @entity3006 . The Km of free @entity3006 is about 2-fold higher than the Km of free @entity3007 . This suggests that @entity49494 activates @entity6774 primarily by equilibrating @entity6774 with the pool of free @entity6989 in the cell rather than by driving @entity6774 inexorably into the activated state. This renders Ras activation potentially subject to energy charge fluctuations in the cell. The free @entity6370 affects kcat, indicating that the rate-limiting step is @entity377 association. Finally, we demonstrated that dominant negative alleles of @entity6774 are potent competitive inhibitors of @entity49494 . These data, in conjunction with the kinetic data, are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity49494 catalyzes @entity6370 exchange by stabilizing a @entity377 -free intermediate of Ras.

title: XXXX , the @entity6370 exchange factor for the Ras proteins of @entity375 , promotes exchange by stabilizing Ras in a @entity377 -free state.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity6989 :: ('MESH:D006150', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity49494 :: (851019(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Cdc25p']


abstract: Using the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers to identify novel G-protein-coupled receptors of the @entity35 alveolar Type II cell, we identified sequences expressed by the Type II cell identical to the sequence of the @entity35 brain cannabinoid receptor ( @entity13677 ). The use of Northern blot analysis to examine expression of @entity13677 mRNA in @entity35 tissues revealed differences between the brain and lung. While @entity35 brain expressed a 6.0 kb mRNA as previously described, @entity35 lung expressed mRNA of 4.5 and 6.0 kb. Isolated lung alveolar Type II cells also expressed mRNA of 4.5 and 6.0 kb as determined by Northern analysis. However, only freshly isolated Type II cells contained cannabinoid receptor mRNA. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) failed to detect @entity13677 mRNA in Type II cells maintained in culture for 1 or 2 days. We next determined developmental changes in lung @entity13677 mRNA expression using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. @entity13677 expression was detected as early as gestational day 16 in @entity35 lung and mRNA levels increased to fetal day 20 before birth, before declining to adult levels. Fetal @entity35 lung explants were utilized to further examine the ontogeny and hormonal effects on @entity13677 mRNA expression. @entity701 induced a dose-dependent expression in 15-day and 18-day explants, similar to previous results for surfactant-associated proteins. Our results demonstrate expression of @entity13677 mRNA in @entity35 alveolar Type II cells and @entity35 lung. This expression is ontogenically and hormonally regulated, with maximal expression noted just prior to birth in @entity35 lung. Since @entity13677 mRNA is only expressed in freshly isolated Type II cells, @entity13677 may be useful as a Type II cell marker.

title: Expression of a @entity13677 ( @entity13677 ) in alveolar Type II cells in the lung: regulation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['hydrocortisone']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy of laparoscopic laser surgery in the treatment of @entity2371 . METHODS: We conducted a long-term follow-up of 56 @entity1 who had participated in a randomized, double-blind controlled study at a tertiary referral center for the laparoscopic treatment of @entity46 . The @entity1 had @entity2371 , minimal-to-moderate @entity46 , and underwent laser laparoscopy. We asked @entity1 whether they had now achieved satisfactory symptom relief or whether they had received any further medical intervention for their @entity46 . The main outcome measure was continued symptom relief after treatment and subsequent medical history. RESULTS: Of the original 56 @entity1 , we were able to contact 38 (67.9%). The mean (range) time since operation was 73 months. @entity158 symptoms had recurred in 28/38 (73.7%) @entity1 at some point since their operation. The median (range) time for recurrence was 19.7 (5-60) months. At the time of follow-up, satisfactory symptom relief was reported in 21/38 (55.3%) @entity1 . The remaining 17/38 (44.7%) @entity1 continued to experience @entity2531 , and eight eventually had a hysterectomy. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that operative laparoscopy can have long-term benefits for the majority of @entity1 with @entity2371 due to @entity46 , but because of the small numbers, this study lacks the power to demonstrate this conclusively.

title: Long-term follow-up of a controlled trial of laser laparoscopy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['painful pelvic endometriosis', 'pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful symptoms']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ) are rare @entity5 with poor outcome after conventional chemotherapy. The role of myeloablative therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation (autoSCT) is still unclear. Therefore, we initiated the first prospective multicenter study on upfront autoSCT in PTCL and recently reported good feasibility and efficacy of this approach. Here, we present the final analysis of the study. @entity1 AND METHODS: The treatment regimen consisted of four to six cycles of @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 followed by mobilizing therapy with either the @entity619 , @entity3600 , @entity3601 , @entity2879 , and @entity2592 protocol or the @entity2879 , @entity1667 , @entity2592 , and @entity900 protocol and stem-cell collection. @entity1 in complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR) underwent myeloablative chemoradiotherapy (fractionated total-body irradiation and high-dose @entity786 ) and autoSCT. RESULTS: From June 2000 to April 2006, 83 @entity1 were enrolled onto the study. Main subgroups were PTCL not specified (n = 32) and angioimmunoblastic @entity784 (n = 27). Fifty-five (66%) of the 83 @entity1 received transplantation. The main reason for not receiving autoSCT was progressive disease. In an intent-to-treat analysis, the overall response rate after myeloablative therapy was 66% (56% CR and 8% PR). With a median follow-up time of 33 months, 43 @entity1 are alive; the estimated 3-year overall and disease-free survival rates for @entity1 in CR (calculated from CR to the date of relapse) and 3-year progression-free survival rate were 48%, 53%, and 36%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this prospective study suggest a substantial impact on outcome for upfront autoSCT in PTCL and should be further evaluated in randomized trials. Pretransplantation treatment needs to be improved to increase the transplantation rate.

title: Autologous stem-cell transplantation as first-line therapy in XXXX : results of a prospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTCLs', 'Peripheral T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity3191 :: (MESH:D016411,Disease) :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphomas']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity2929 (EM) on @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 in @entity35 and its possible mechanisms. Seventy-five @entity35 were divided into three groups. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were harvested through bronchalveolar lavage (BAL) and consecutive changes of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity1505 ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in AM supernatant and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assayed with ELISA and bioassay, respectively. The AM-derived @entity1505 was elevated on day 3, peaked day 7 and then decreased but remained at higher level until day 28. The AM-derived PDGF was increased on day 3, peaked on day 7 then decreased to non-statistically significant higher level. The @entity1505 in BALF was increased significantly on day 3 then decreased to normal level; the peak preceded that of AM-derived @entity1505 . The PDGF in BALF was increased on day 3, peaked on day 7, and then decreased to normal, which exhibited a consecutive change similar to that of AM-derived PDGF. The EM significantly suppressed @entity1505 and PDGF release by AM, markedly decreased @entity1505 and PDGF levels in BALF. The EM also lessened the collagen deposition, the lung @entity720 comprised 75.44%, 72.72% and 56.24% that of @entity1732 -treated group on day 7, 14 and 28, respectively. In conclusion, EM can ameliorate @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 possibly through suppression of @entity1505 and PDGF as well as the inhibition on accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung.

title: Ameliorating effect of @entity2929 on @entity1732 -induced XXXX : role of alveolar macrophage activation and cytokine release.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: @entity8775 is widely used for prophylaxis in areas with @entity503 -resistant falciparum @entity311 . As the use of @entity8775 has increased, so have the reports on its adverse effects. We sought to evaluate the possible association between serum levels of @entity8775 and serious side effects caused by this drug by means of a case-control design study. The study population included 17 @entity1 who presented to emergency rooms or travel clinics with symptoms suggesting serious adverse effects of @entity8775 and 28 controls (healthy @entity1 , still taking @entity8775 after travel). The mean age of the @entity1 and the controls was 31.5 +/- 11.6 years and 34 +/- 12.2 years, respectively. The percentage of @entity1 among the @entity1 was higher than in the control population (76% versus 40%, respectively; P = 0.03). Most of the complaints were related to the central nervous system (13 of 17); 5 @entity1 interrupted their trip and 2 others were hospitalized. No difference in the level of @entity8775 in the blood was found between the @entity1 and the control groups. Also, no significant difference was found between @entity8775 levels in the blood of @entity1 and @entity1 . These results suggest that blood levels of @entity8775 do not correlate with its severe adverse events. @entity1 tended to be more susceptible than @entity1 , despite having similar blood levels of the drug.

title: Serious adverse events of XXXX in relation to blood level and gender.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine', 'Mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity8775 :: (MESH:D015767,Chemical) :: ['mefloquine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic valve replacement for @entity472 ( @entity472 ) carries an increased risk in the presence of left ventricular (LV) @entity299 . Few data are available on the outcome of such @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 1985 and 1992, 154 consecutive @entity1 (107 @entity1 and 47 @entity1 ) with LV @entity299 ( @entity9568 [ @entity9568 ] < or = 35%) underwent aortic valve replacement for @entity472 . The mean preoperative characteristics included @entity9568 , 27 +/- 6%; aortic valve mean gradient, 44 +/- 18 mm Hg; aortic valve area, 0.6 +/- 0.2 cm2; and cardiac output, 4.1 +/- 1.5 L/min. Simultaneous coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed in 78 @entity1 (51%). Perioperative (30-day) mortality was 9% (14 of 154 @entity1 ). Fifty @entity1 died during follow-up. @entity453 (P = .002) and a reduced preoperative cardiac output (P = .03) were significantly related to reduced overall survival rate by multivariate analysis. Postoperative improvement occurred in most @entity1 ; 88% were New York Heart Association class III or IV before surgery versus 7% after surgery. Postoperative @entity9568 was assessed in 76% of survivors; 76% of these demonstrated improvement. By multivariate analysis, change in @entity9568 was inversely related to @entity301 (P = .002) and preoperative aortic valve area (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Despite @entity1002 , the risk of aortic valve replacement for @entity472 was acceptable and related to @entity453 and mean aortic gradient, and long-term survival was related to @entity998 . Improvement in symptoms and @entity9568 occurred in most @entity1 .

title: Aortic valve replacement for @entity472 with severe XXXX . Prognostic indicators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease and cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity9568 :: ('MESH:D054160', 'Disease') :: ['ejection fraction', 'EF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: A @entity13571 of unknown etiopathogenesis may be termed @entity573 ( @entity573 ). The syndrome has been recognized primarily in young Beagles used for toxicologic studies. We studied 9 young Beagles with @entity573 . Affected @entity235 had fever (40 to 41.5 C), @entity448 , and signs of @entity158 in the cervical area. They had a characteristic hunched stance, and were unwilling to move. @entity854 in all @entity235 included nonregenerative @entity417 , @entity4988 , and @entity491 characterized by a mature neutrophilia. Analysis of CSF revealed a moderate to severe @entity5309 pleocytosis and a mildly high protein concentration in most @entity235 . Signs of disease resolved rapidly with high doses (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, PO) of @entity229 . If untreated, clinical signs and @entity854 had a remitting and relapsing course in most @entity235 . Findings at necropsy included @entity39 with @entity39 , @entity11657 , @entity715 , and intimal proliferation that most frequently affected small- to medium-sized vessels in the cervical spinal cord, mediastinum, and heart. An immune-mediated pathogenesis for this disease is suspected.

title: XXXX in nine young beagles.

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['systemic necrotizing vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['JPS', 'juvenile polyarteritis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing arteritis', 'fibrinoid necrosis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities', 'Laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['periarteritis']

entities_list: @entity5309 :: ('MESH:C564275', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity13571 :: (MESH:D056647,Disease) :: ['Systemic necrotizing vasculitis']


abstract: The functional sizes of the two streptococcal hyaluronan synthases (HASs) were determined by radiation inactivation analysis of isolated membranes. The native enzymes in membranes from Group A @entity4195 HAS and Group C @entity30180 HAS were compared with the recombinant proteins expressed in @entity526 membranes. Based on their @entity535 sequences, the masses of these four proteins as monomers are approximately 48 kDa. In all cases, loss of enzyme activity was a simple single exponential function with increasing radiation dose. The functional sizes calculated from these data were identical for the four HASs at approximately 64 kDa. In contrast, the sizes of the proteins estimated by the loss of antibody reactivity on Western blots were essentially identical at 41 kDa for the four HAS species, consistently lower than the functional size by approximately 23 kDa. Matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry analysis of purified @entity4195 HAS-H6 and @entity30180 HAS-H6 gave masses that differed by <0.07% from the predicted monomer sizes, which confirms that neither protein is posttranslationally modified or covalently attached to another protein. Ongoing studies indicate that the purified HAS enzymes require @entity6894 (CL) for maximal activity and stability. When irradiated membranes were detergent solubilized and the extracts were incubated with exogenous CL, the residual level of HAS activity increased. Consequently, the calculated functional size decreased by approximately 23 kDa to the expected size of the HAS monomer. The approximately 23-kDa larger size of the functional HAS enzyme, compared with the HAS monomer, is due, therefore, to CL molecules. We propose that the active streptococcal HA synthases are monomers in complex with approximately 16 CL molecules.

title: The active streptococcal hyaluronan synthases (HASs) contain a single HAS monomer and multiple XXXX molecules.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity30180 :: ('119602', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus equisimilis', 'S. equisimilis']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'S. pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity6894 :: (MESH:D002308,Chemical) :: ['cardiolipin']


abstract: The mechanisms underlying off-line consolidation of memory during sleep are elusive. Learning of hippocampus-dependent tasks increases neocortical @entity73 synchrony, and thalamocortical spindle and hippocampal ripple activity during subsequent non-rapid eye @entity10522 . @entity73 representing an oscillation between global neocortical states of increased (up-state) and decreased (down-state) neuronal firing temporally group thalamic spindle and hippocampal ripple activity, which both occur preferentially during @entity73 up-states. Here we examined whether @entity73 also group learning-induced increases in spindle and ripple activity, thereby providing time-frames of facilitated hippocampus-to-neocortical information transfer underlying the conversion of temporary into long-term memories. Learning (word-pairs in @entity1 , odor-reward associations in @entity35 ) @entity73 up-states and, in @entity1 , shaped the timing of down-states. @entity73 grouped spindle and @entity35 ripple activity into up-states under basal conditions. Prior learning produced in @entity1 an increase in spindle activity focused on @entity73 up-states. In @entity35 , learning induced a distinct increase in spindle and ripple activity that was not synchronized to up-states. Event-correlation histograms indicated an increase in spindle activity with the occurrence of ripples. This increase was prolonged after learning, suggesting a direct temporal tuning between ripples and spindles. The lack of a grouping effect of @entity73 on learning-induced spindles and ripples in @entity35 , together with the less pronounced effects of learning on @entity73 , presumably reflects a weaker dependence of odor learning on thalamo-neocortical circuitry. @entity73 might provide an effective temporal frame for hippocampus-to-neocortical information transfer only when thalamo-neocortical systems are already critically involved during learning.

title: The influence of learning on sleep slow oscillations and associated spindles and ripples in @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['increased slow oscillation', 'slow oscillation', 'slow oscillations', 'Slow oscillations']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Open, randomized, parallel group multicenter study. OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of transdermal @entity3575 ( @entity12046 ) and sustained release @entity1286 (SRM) in strong-opioid na  ve @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Most studies of @entity12046 and SRM have involved @entity1 already receiving strong opioids. This is the first large-scale study focusing on strong-opioid na  ve @entity1 with @entity1643 . METHODS: Adults with @entity1643 requiring regular strong opioid therapy received either @entity12046 or SRM for 13 months. Starting doses were 25 microg/hr @entity3575 patches every 72 hours or 30 mg oral @entity1286 every 12 hours. Doses were adjusted according to response. @entity1 assessed @entity158 relief and bowel function using weekly diaries. Other assessments, including quality of life, disease progression, and side effects, were made by @entity1 and investigators. RESULTS: Data from 680 @entity1 showed that @entity12046 and SRM provided similar levels of @entity158 relief, but @entity12046 was associated with significantly less @entity1142 than SRM, indicating a greater likelihood of @entity158 relief without unmanageable @entity1142 for @entity1 receiving @entity12046 . Other ratings were similar for @entity12046 and SRM, but @entity12046 provided greater relief of @entity158 at rest and at night. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12046 and SRM provided equivalent levels of @entity158 relief, but @entity12046 was associated with less @entity1142 . This study indicates that sustained-release strong opioids can safely be used in strong-opioid na  ve @entity1 .

title: Transdermal @entity3575 versus sustained release oral @entity1286 in strong-opioid na  ve XXXX with @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['satisfactory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Most nonmuscle cells of higher vertebrates contain two different actin isoforms, beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic actin. The beta-isoform is with few exceptions the predominant isoform in nonmuscle cells and tissues. Perturbation of the beta:gamma ratio has been shown to affect the organization of bundled actin filaments indicating that the beta- and gamma-genes encode functionally distinct cytoarchitectural information. In the present study we localized by immunostaining @entity55148 in @entity1573 auditory hair cells. These highly specialized cells serve as model system for studying certain developmental and structural aspects of a complex actin filament system with high architectural precision. We show that @entity55149 is the predominant actin isoform in auditory hair cells with an apparent beta:gamma ratio of approximately 1:2. @entity55149 is not sorted and occurs in all three actin assemblies of the hair border, i.e. the cores of sensory hairs (stereocilia), the subjacent gel-like actin filament meshwork (cuticular plate) and the zonula adherens ring. In contrast to @entity55149 , the beta-isoform is specifically sorted to the actin filament core bundle of stereocilia that is extensively crosslinked by @entity37883 . In view of recent studies showing that L-plastin, the leukocyte homolog of @entity37883 , has a higher binding affinity for @entity17921 than for @entity55149 , a mechanism is proposed for how hair cells might restrict formation of actin filament bundles to a single cellular site (i.e. the stereocilia). The limited level of expression of @entity17921 in hair cells may help to prevent ectopic bundle formation in other cellular compartments.

title: Sorting of actin isoforms in XXXX auditory hair cells.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: beta-glucan receptors, with ligand specificity for @entity375 and fungal @entity1735 polymers, have been studied as phagocytic receptors of @entity1 monocytes. To characterize their structure, binding studies were carried out with @entity1 U937 cells and a rabbit IgG anti-Id that recognizes epitopes on monocyte beta-glucan receptors. Unstimulated U937 cells specifically bound large amounts of the anti-Id, but almost none of the control anti-isotype. At saturation, the number of anti-Id molecules bound per U937 cell was 2.6 x 10(6) with an apparent Ka of 1.9 x 10(7) M-1. Immunoprecipitates from detergent lysates of surface-radioiodinated U937 cells contained only two membrane proteins with antigenic specificity for the anti-Id, one having a mol wt of 180 kD and the other 160 kD. Both proteins were @entity1520 -linked and presented, after reduction, as five polypeptides of 95, 88, 60, 27, and 20 kD. Detergent lysates of unlabeled U937 cells, purified by affinity chromatography on anti-Id- @entity3367 , yielded the same two nonreduced proteins and five reduction products in slab gels stained with Coomassie blue. In Western blots probed with the anti-Id, the most immunoreactive nonreduced and reduced affinity-purified products were the 160 and 20 kD molecules, respectively. Immunoblots of two-dimensional gels showed the 180 and 160 kD proteins to express a common epitope through @entity1520 linkage to the 20 kD polypeptide. By immunoblot analysis, U937 cell glucan-binding proteins from detergent lysates contained two cell proteins antigenic for the anti-Id that were indistinguishable from affinity-purified molecules in size and subunit composition. Studies of affinity-purified proteins from detergent lysed @entity1 monocytes were characterized by immunoblot analysis and found to be identical to U937 cell beta-glucan receptors. They consisted of two @entity1520 -linked proteins, with mol wt of 180 and 160 kD, and had in common a 20 kD polypeptide with the anti-Id epitope.

title: Isolation and characterization of beta-glucan receptors on XXXX mononuclear phagocytes.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity3367 :: ('MESH:D012685', 'Chemical') :: ['Sepharose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']