abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) including @entity955 ( @entity955 ), @entity956 ( @entity956 ), and @entity591 represent a clinical challenge in the adult with @entity299 ( @entity299 ). @entity2781 (D) is a rapidly activating delayed rectifier @entity972 channel (IKr) blocker effective in pharmacological conversion and maintenance of normal sinus rhythm in @entity1 with @entity955 and @entity956 . There is limited knowledge regarding the role of D in adults with @entity299 . METHODS: Safety and efficacy of D was evaluated in a consecutive group of thirteen adult @entity1 (age 40    11; six @entity1 ) with @entity299 and refractory @entity4710 . RESULTS: Ten @entity1 had persistent (four @entity956 , one @entity955 , and five @entity591 ) and three paroxysmal (one @entity955 and two @entity591 ) @entity4710 . All @entity1 were symptomatic during @entity591 , 12 @entity1 had previously failed 2    1 antiarrhythmic drugs. Mean systemic ventricular ejection fraction was 55    9%; baseline QRS complex duration was 129    45   ms (>120   ms in six @entity1 ). @entity1 were followed on D for 33    39 months (median 16). Among 10 @entity1 with persistent @entity4710 , seven @entity1 (70%) pharmacologically converted to sinus rhythm on D and three @entity1 (30%) required direct current cardioversion. Two @entity1 (15.4%) experienced complete @entity943 suppression, and seven (53.8%) experienced significant clinical improvement with sporadic recurrences; average time to recurrence was 5.5    3.5 months. One @entity1 developed @entity1166 during loading, and the drug was discontinued. D was discontinued in five (38.5%) other @entity1 due to recurrence of @entity4710 (n = 4) and @entity177 (n = 1). Corrected QT interval (QTc) increased from 452    61 to 480    49   ms (P = .04) and corrected JT interval (JTc) from 323    39 to 341    33   ms (P = .09). CONCLUSIONS: D should be considered a pharmacologic alternative when adult @entity1 with @entity299 develop @entity4710 . D does not depress conduction, sinus node, or ventricular function but needs close monitoring for potential ventricular pro- @entity943 .

title: Clinical efficacy of @entity2781 for the treatment of @entity4710 in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2781 :: ('MESH:C063533', 'Chemical') :: ['Dofetilide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsade de pointes']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial tachyarrhythmias', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the similarities and differences in clinical, laboratory and radiographic presentation of @entity5414 in childhood and at adult ages, to find out its etiological profile, and to establish an antibiotic treatment protocol for the initial period and for @entity1 in whom the causative agent could not be identified. METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 (age range 15 months to 85 years) who underwent surgery with a diagnosis of @entity5414 were retrospectively studied in two groups, namely, @entity1 -adolescents (age = or < 15 years ; 16 @entity1 ) and adults (age >15 years; 18 @entity1 ). Clinical and laboratory findings of @entity5414 were compared with operation findings. The etiological profile and sensitivity patterns were investigated. RESULTS: Unflatering features in both groups were clinical findings of decreased range of motion and tenderness, laboratory findings of elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity1851 , and domination of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the joint fluid. Gram staining of the joint fluid was highly informative in terms of probable bacteria. During the first two years of life, the most common bacteria were @entity327 and @entity2260 , and after two years, staphylococci and streptococci. @entity2177 and @entity5899 - @entity869 were found effective against most of the Gram-positive microorganisms isolated in both groups. CONCLUSION: The most useful test for @entity5414 is arthrosynthesis and macroscopic and microscopic analyses of the material. Gram staining is of great help in the planning of initial antibiotic treatment. For @entity1 older than two years of age, treatment with @entity5899 - @entity869 is effective against staphylococci and streptococci, and @entity4509 against Gram-negative bacteria. Detection of Gram-negative bacteria in @entity1 younger than two years should bring @entity327 in mind, for which @entity869 must be the first choice.

title: [Diagnosis of XXXX and initial antibiotic treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5414 :: (MESH:D001170,Disease) :: ['septic arthritis']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: A shift in the balance of @entity784 (T(H)2) has been suggested as a possible mechanism for impaired immune responses after severe @entity130 . We suggest that major @entity130 ( @entity1230 ) induce an alteration in the pattern of T(H)1/T(H)2 cells. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A prospective study of 35 polytraumatized @entity1 (Injury Severity Score >16) admitted to a @entity130 intensive care unit at a level I @entity130 center (university hospital). INTERVENTIONS: Blood samples were collected from @entity1 at various times during their stay in the intensive care unit and from age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serial determinations (n = 81) of intracellular @entity1199 (T(H)1 cells) and @entity3646 (T(H)2 cells) in stimulated CD3(+) T cells from @entity1 with @entity1230 twice a week during their stay in the intensive care unit accompanied by determination of the cell activation marker @entity7986 using 3-color flow cytometry. In parallel, the release of @entity1199 and @entity3646 from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and systemic plasma @entity3646 levels were analyzed by conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Healthy donors (n = 53) served as the control group. Data were related to outcome, Injury Severity Scores, and time after @entity130 . RESULTS: Expression of the cell activation marker @entity7986 was similar in stimulated lymphocytes from @entity1 and healthy donors. There were no significant posttraumatic alterations in numbers of CD3(+) cells stained for intracellular @entity1199 or @entity3646 , except for a minor decrease in @entity1199 (+) cells during the first week after @entity130 . Subgroups with high (>24) and lower (<25) Injury Severity Scores or survivors and nonsurvivors revealed no differences in intracellular cytokine staining. In contrast, @entity1 revealed a highly significant decrease in the number of CD3(+) T cells. Mean systemic @entity3646 levels did not differ in @entity1 compared with healthy donors. Release of @entity1199 and @entity3646 from peripheral blood mononuclear cell fractions stimulated with @entity4514 and @entity1360 was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity130 but not from those stimulated with @entity137 toxin-1. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1230 have no significant alteration in the ratio of circulating T(H)1/T(H)2 cells. Thus, our results suggest pathomechanisms in posttraumatic T-cell suppression apart from alterations in the T(H)1/T(H)2 pattern.

title: The potential pattern of circulating lymphocytes TH1/TH2 is not altered after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['helper T cells type 1 (T(H)1) toward type 2']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries', 'polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbolmyristateacetate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['multiple injuries']


abstract: @entity16258 exists either in a free-living state in the soil or in symbiosis within legume nodules, where the bacteria differentiate into @entity1568 -fixing bacteroids. Expression of genes involved in @entity1568 fixation and associated respiration is governed by two intermediate regulators, NifA and FixK, respectively, which are controlled by a two-component regulatory system FixLJ in response to low- @entity26 conditions. In order to identify the FixLJ regulon, gene expression profiles were determined in microaerobic free-living cells as well as during the symbiotic life of the bacterium for the wild type and a fixJ null-mutant strain. We identified 122 genes activated by FixJ in either state, including 87 novel targets. FixJ controls 74% of the genes induced in microaerobiosis (2% @entity26 ) and the majority of genes expressed in mature bacteroids. Ninety-seven percent of FixJ-activated genes are located on the symbiotic plasmid pSymA. Transcriptome profiles of a nifA and a fixK mutant showed that NifA activates a limited number of genes, all specific to the symbiotic state, whereas FixK controls more than 90 genes, involved in free-living and/or symbiotic life. This study also revealed that FixJ has no other direct targets besides those already known. FixJ is involved in the regulation of functions such as denitrification or @entity535 / @entity4664 metabolism and transport. Mutations in selected novel FixJ targets did not affect the ability of the bacteria to form @entity1568 -fixing nodules on Medicago sativa roots. From these results, we propose an updated model of the FixJ regulon.

title: FixJ: a major regulator of the @entity26 limitation response and late symbiotic functions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity16258 :: ('382', 'Species') :: ['Sinorhizobium meliloti']

answer: @entity16258 :: (382,Species) :: ['Sinorhizobium meliloti']


abstract: We encountered a @entity1 with a @entity301 accompanied by an ascending @entity2009 , a rare @entity600 . The @entity1 was a 42-year-old female complaining of exertional @entity1353 and @entity662 at rest. She noticed @entity1353 while going up and down the stairs, and @entity662 at rest at the age of about 40 years. While she was being treated for @entity101 , a cardiac murmur was detected. She was admitted to our hospital for close examination. Coronary angiography (CAG) showed a @entity301 that branches from the left anterior descending branch and forms an @entity439 , running to the trunk of the pulmonary artery. On March 28, 1989, ligation of the fistula was performed. Postoperative CAG demonstrated an ascending @entity2009 that flowed to an @entity439 adjacent to the pulmonary artery. On November 29, transcatheter embolization was performed. She was discharged 7 days after embolization without complications. She is now being treated on an outpatient basis, and the symptoms in her chest have disappeared. Transcatheter embolization used in this @entity1 may also be applicable in the treatment for coronary arteriovenous fistulae.

title: [Transcatheter embolization of ascending XXXX combined with @entity301 ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['aorto-pulmonary fistula', 'aortopulmonary fistula']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity2009 :: (MESH:C537782,Disease) :: ['aorto-pulmonary fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity10645 remains a challenge to Surgeons. This study was carried out to determine the pattern and outcome of management of @entity2463 ( @entity2463 ) in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: The clinical and operative records of consecutive @entity1 with @entity10645 managed between October 1990 and September 2000 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 82 @entity1 , (57.3%) males and 35 (42.3%) females (m:f=1.3:1). There were 20 (24.4%) cases each of the high and intermediate types, 40 (48.8%) low variety and 2 (2.4%) cases of persistent cloaca. The high type was proportionately commoner in the males. Less than one-third presented within 24 hours. Eighty three percent of @entity1 (mainly males) presented in @entity1321 . Passage of stools from abnormal sites and "imperforate" anus were complaints in 60 (73.1%) @entity1 each. A total of 63 @entity1 had definitive corrective procedure. Four @entity1 with stenotic anus were treated by serial anal dilatations while 29 with @entity258 had anoplasty during the neonatal period. Twenty eight @entity1 with intermediate or high anomalies or persistent cloaca had definitive repair or pull-through operations carried out 6-12 months after an initial colostomy. The definitive pull-through operations included abdominoperineal pull-through in 11 @entity1 , PSARP in 15, while 2 @entity1 with persistent cloaca had posterior sagittal anorectovaginoure-throplasty (PSARVUP). Twenty nine @entity1 were fully continent of stools after surgery; three @entity1 developed occasional faecal soiling; while six @entity1 had @entity322 . CONCLUSION: @entity10645 is common, but presentation is late in our environment. Although mortality rate was high (26%), early results of definitive operation among survivors were generally good after a mean follow-up period of 19 months.

title: XXXX : a review of 82 cases seen at JUTH, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity10645 :: ('MESH:C567938', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal anomaly', 'Anorectal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformations', 'ARM']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['acute intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low anomaly']

answer: @entity10645 :: (MESH:C567938,Disease) :: ['Anorectal anomaly']


abstract: Root elongation and root hair formation are important in nutrient absorption. We found that two @entity958 ( @entity958 ) phospholipase Ds (PLDs), @entity45314 and @entity45315 , were involved in root elongation during @entity1391 limitation. @entity45314 and @entity45315 are structurally different from the majority of plant PLDs by having phox and pleckstrin homology domains. Both PLDzetas were expressed more in roots than in other tissues. It was reported previously that inducible suppression or inducible overexpression of @entity45314 affected root hair patterning. However, gene knockouts of @entity45314 , @entity45315 , or the double knockout of @entity45314 and @entity45315 showed no effect on root hair formation. The expression of PLDzetas increased in response to @entity1391 limitation. The elongation of primary roots in @entity45314 and @entity45315 double knockout mutants was slower than that of wild type and single knockout mutants. The loss of @entity45315 , but not @entity45314 , led to a decreased accumulation of @entity8558 in roots under @entity1391 -limited conditions. These results indicate that @entity45314 and @entity45315 play a role in regulating root development in response to nutrient limitation.

title: Double knockouts of phospholipases Dzeta1 and Dzeta2 in XXXX affect root elongation during @entity1391 -limited growth but do not affect root hair patterning.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The effect of lifelong exposure to drinking-water containing @entity1388 on tooth enamel microhardness was investigated. @entity3296 of teeth from adult subjects, who lived continuously since birth in areas characterized by the hot climate of India, supplied by drinking-water containing between 0.5 and 8.7 parts/10 F, was estimated by the Dean score. Tooth enamel sections were examined from the enamel surface towards the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) for microhardness. Separated enamel crowns were pulverized and analysed for @entity1388 . Regarding the distribution of the @entity1388 concentrations in the drinking-water, we selected a partition below and above 0.8 parts/10 F as a criterion for comparison between the results. Tooth enamel of @entity1 from Israel living in a drinking-water area containing about 0.5 parts/10 F was also examined. Positive associations were evident between @entity1388 in drinking-water, @entity1388 concentrations in the bulk enamel and @entity3296 selection. A significantly high inverse relationship was evident between the @entity1388 concentration of the drinking-water and the subsurface enamel microhardness. In similar @entity1388 -concentration drinking-water areas of India and Israel the microhardness of the subsurface enamel was less for the Indian teeth. The microhardness of the enamel near the DEJ for the three different water @entity1388 -concentration areas was not significantly different.

title: A laboratory assessment of enamel hypoplasia of teeth with varying severities of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis', 'Dental fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity3296 :: (MESH:D009050,Disease) :: ['dental fluorosis']


abstract: Four hundred thirty-two 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were randomly divided into 36 groups of 12. All chicks were given 0.2 ml of @entity7467 antiserum (hemagglutination-inhibition [HI] titer 1:5120) by injection into the yolk sac at hatch. Half of the groups received 0.2 ml of @entity797 (4.0 x 10(8) colony-forming units/ml) by injection into the yolk sac at hatch (treatment). The remaining 18 groups received no bacteria (control). Two treatment groups and two control groups were weighed, bled, killed, and yolk sac weighed daily for the first 9 days of life. Feed was weighed at placement and at the end of the trial. Blood was tested for packed cell volume ( @entity1485 ), total plasma protein, and @entity7467 . No significant difference was observed between treatment and control groups for @entity1573 body weight, @entity1485 , and feed consumption. Total plasma protein and retained yolk weight were significantly higher for treatment groups over control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Also, the geometric mean serum HI titer (log2) for @entity7467 antibody was significantly higher in the control chicks vs. the treatment chicks (P < 0.01).

title: The effect of inoculating XXXX into the yolk sac on @entity1573 quality and maternal antibody absorption.

entities_list: @entity7467 :: ('MESH:D009521', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle disease HI titer', 'Newcastle disease']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the frequency of familial (at least 2 cases) and @entity263 (CaP), (2) to define the results according to the @entity1 's age at diagnosis, as various epidemiological studies have demonstrated a possible familial aggregation of CaP in about 15 to 25% of cases. Carter's familial segregation study (P.N.A.S. 1992, 89, 3367-71) showed that a genetic predisposition, with autosomal dominant transmission, could be responsible for 9% of all cases of @entity263 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic genealogy study of @entity1 suffering from newly diagnosed CaP or followed for known CaP in 3 French urological centres, by means of questionnaires completed by the @entity1 . Subsequently, a national collection of families with at least 2 cases of CaP identified families with hereditary forms of CaP. Hereditary cases were considered to be those presenting at least: one CaP in three 1st degree relatives, or 3 cases over 3 generations in the same branch of the family (paternal or maternal), or finally 2 early cases before the age of 55 years. Statistical analysis used the univariate logistic regression test between family status and the medical centre or the @entity1 's age at diagnosis. RESULTS: From July 1994 onwards, we included 801 @entity1 (all stages combined) in the systematic study and 110 @entity1 (13.7%) were excluded (refusal to participate, advanced age). For 691 of the families studied (Brest: 225, Nancy: 249, Paris St Louis: 217), we observed 32 (14.2%), 29 (11.6%), 37 (17.1%) of familial forms (mean: 14.2%) and 11 (4.9%), 6 (2.4%), 8 (3.7%) of hereditary forms (mean: 3.6%), respectively (no significant differences between centres). Analysis of the results according to age at diagnosis of CaP also showed a higher incidence of familial (significant difference) and hereditary forms (limit of significance) for CaP occurring at a younger age (before 65 years). The national collection collected a total of 624 familial forms of CaP, including 236 (37.8%) cases of hereditary forms; 115 families were informative for the genetic linkage study. CONCLUSION: These results confirm the data of earlier studies, revealing about 15 to 25% of familial forms of CaP and 5 to 10% of hereditary forms. Similarly, the systematic study confirmed the earlier onset of CaP in @entity1 with a genetic predisposition. These data therefore encourage systematic questioning of @entity1 for a family history of CaP in order to propose targeted screening of high-risk subjects in the families concerned and to intensify identification of hereditary forms in order to investigate the genes involved.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX : 4-year assessment of French studies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'hereditary forms of prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['familial prostatic cancer']


abstract: The objectives of the present study were to examine relationships between @entity577 ( @entity578 ) output and animal and dietary factors, and to use these relationships to develop prediction equations for @entity578 emission from beef @entity291 . The dataset was obtained from 108 growing-to-finishing beef steers in five studies and @entity578 production and energy metabolism data were measured in indirect respiration calorimeter chambers. Dietary forage proportion ranged from 29.5% to 100% ( @entity62 ( @entity62 ) basis) and forages included grass silage, fresh grass, dried grass and fodder beet. Linear and multiple regression techniques were used to examine relationships between @entity578 emission and animal and dietary variables, with the effects of experiment or forage type removed. Total @entity578 emission was positively related to live weight (LW), feeding level and intake of feed ( @entity62 and organic matter) and energy (gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE) and metabolisable energy (ME)) (P < 0.001), while @entity578 / @entity62 intake ( @entity9956 ) was negatively related to energy digestibility and ME/GE (P < 0.05 or less). Using LW alone to predict @entity578 emission produced a poor relationship when compared to @entity9956 and GE intake (GEI) (R2 = 0.26 v. 0.68 and 0.70 respectively). Adding feeding level, dietary NDF concentration and CP/ME or feeding level, energy digestibility and ME/GE to support LW resulted in a R2 of 0.66 or 0.84. The high R2 (0.84) was similar to that obtained using @entity9956 or GEI together with energy digestibility and ME/GE as predictors. Further inclusion of dietary forage proportion and @entity48013 and NDF concentration to the multiple relationships using GEI as the primary predictor resulted in a R2 of 0.87. These equations were evaluated through internal validation, by developing a range of similar new equations from two-thirds of the present data and then validating these new equations with the remaining one-third of data. The validation indicated that addition of energy digestibility and ME/GE to support LW with feeding level, @entity9956 and GEI considerably increased the prediction accuracy. It is concluded that @entity578 emission of beef steers can be accurately predicted from LW plus feeding level, @entity9956 or GEI together with energy digestibility and ME/GE. The dataset was also used to validate a range of prediction equations for @entity578 production of @entity291 published elsewhere.

title: Prediction of @entity577 emission from beef XXXX using data measured in indirect open-circuit respiration calorimeters.

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no nationwide population-based study of the survival rate for @entity96 in Taiwan. Consequently, the true rate of @entity96 survival is unknown. Our aim was to determine the survival rate for @entity96 @entity1 in Taiwan. METHOD: The Taiwan Cancer Registry was searched for @entity96 cases in 1987 and 2,558 cases were found. Of these, 485 lacked an identification number, 29 lacked documentation of age, 33 were metastatic, nine lived in Kinmen and Lienkiang Hsien of Fukien Province leaving 2,002 to be studied. With the help of identification numbers, we linked our cases with the Death Registry of the Department of Health, Executive Yuan, ROC, for the 1987 to 1992 period and calculated the five-year survival rate using actuarial life tables. For analyzing factors affecting the five-year survival rate, multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model was used. RESULTS: Of the 2,002 @entity1 , 752 were diagnosed histopathologically and 1,250 @entity1 were diagnosed clinically. A total of 15% of @entity1 survived for five years or longer after diagnosis. Of those diagnosed histopathologically, 17% survived for five or more years, and of those diagnosed clinically, 13% survived for five or more years. The sex, age, residential area and ethnic origin did not affect the five-year survival rate significantly. Only diagnosis type affected the five-year survival rate significantly (p < 0.05). The 660 pathologically diagnosed @entity96 @entity1 had a better survival rate than the 1,250 @entity1 diagnosed clinically. CONCLUSIONS: The overall five-year survival rate for @entity96 in Taiwan was 15%. The prognosis for @entity96 @entity1 in Taiwan is still unfavorable. The aim is to persuade affected @entity1 to accept treatment.

title: Survival rate for XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Little is known about the impact of gender on short-term effects of @entity2993 . We investigated the gender differences in the short-term lipid-lowering and pleiotropic effects of @entity2993 therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-two consecutive @entity1 including 48 @entity1 with @entity1007 , were assigned prospectively to treatment with @entity2993 (10mg/day) for 3 months. We measured fasting lipid concentrations, @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS) as marker of lipid @entity2625 , fibrinolytic parameters, and endothelial function by flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery ( @entity4631 ), at baseline and after 3 months of therapy. We assessed the impact of gender on temporal differences in these parameters. In @entity1 , @entity2993 decreased total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and small, dense LDL- @entity165 concentrations, and increased @entity4631 after 3 months. In @entity1 , @entity2993 decreased TBARS, @entity412 , and total, LDL, small, dense LDL, and remnant-like lipoprotein particle- @entity165 concentrations, and increased @entity4631 after 3 months. Fibrinolytic parameters did not change significantly in either @entity1 or @entity1 . With respect to the percent change in those parameters after 3 months, TBARS (-17.6+/-12.4 vs. -0.4+/-18.8%, p<0.01) and small, dense LDL- @entity165 (-96.7+/-8.3 vs. -68.6+/-29.7%, p<0.01) decreased to a greater degree in @entity1 , although the relative changes in other parameters were similar between @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We found gender differences in some of the lipid altering changes, including TBARS and small, dense LDL- @entity165 concentrations, after short-term @entity2993 therapy, which were greater in @entity1 . However, short-term @entity2993 therapy may be beneficial in improving endothelial function equally in both @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Gender differences in short-term effects of XXXX on lipid profile, fibrinolytic parameters, and endothelial function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to specify the objective criteria of existence of @entity3540 in @entity102 media on the preoperative multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and to evaluate the complications of disease. METHODS: We compared the results of preoperative MDCT scan with intraoperative findings in 71 @entity1 (22 @entity1 , 49 @entity1 ; mean age, 16-73 years) who had mastoidectomy operation between January 2008 and May 2012. Multidetector computed tomography evaluations of temporal bone were performed on a workstation using high-spatial-resolution magnified images with intended angle and plane. RESULTS: We observed @entity3540 formation in all @entity1 with scutum erosion (n = 11), dural exposure (n = 6), and lateral semicircular canal @entity292 (n = 5). Computed tomography revealed these findings with 100% sensitivity. Distortion of ossicular integrity (n = 11) and facial canal dehiscence (n = 5) was significantly higher in @entity3540 @entity1 . Using the criteria of @entity3061 , the sensitivity, specificity, and the accuracy rates of MDCT in detecting @entity3540 were 71%, 93%, and 88%, respectively. The best diagnostic clue of a @entity3540 was a mass-like soft tissue located in a retraction pocket in the posterosuperior quadrant of the Shrapnell membrane, causing widening of Prussak space and scutum erosion. Evaluation of computed tomography scan showed nearly 100% sensitivity in detecting tympanic opacification, dural height, dehiscence of lateral semicircular canal, @entity2681 , and @entity85 . However, its contribution to detecting @entity2170 , facial canal dehiscence, and incudostapedial joint evaluation was limited. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative assessment of @entity102 media via MDCT with intended angle and plane produces important guidance to understand the extent of disease and to prevent possible intraoperative complications.

title: Reliability of preoperative multidetector computed tomography scan in XXXX with @entity102 media.

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['tegmen tympani erosion']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity2170 :: ('MESH:C537142', 'Disease') :: ['minor ossicular erosion']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformation of malleoincudal articulation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes of anterior cervical decompression plus sublevel fusion and posterior cervical laminoplasty in treating multilevel cervical spondylotic @entity602 . METHODS: The clinical data of 56 @entity1 with multilevel cervical spondylotic @entity602 were retrospectively analyzed from July 2009 to June 2012. There were 32 males and 24 females, aged from 42 to 79 years old with an average of (56.9 +/- 12.8) years. All @entity1 had the typical clinical features of cervical spondylotic @entity602 ,radiological evidences, and courses of disease were from 2 months to 16 years with an average of (10.6 +/- 3.2)years. Of them,34 @entity1 were treated with anterior cervical decompression plus sublevel fusion (anterior fusion group) and 22 @entity1 with posterior cervical laminoplasty (posterior laminoplasty group). JOA score and radiological data were used to evaluate the clinical results: RESULTS: No complications about nerve and blood vessel was found and the @entity1 were followed up from 24 to 36 months with an average of 28.6 months. In anterior fusion group, the cervical anterior column height was significantly increased and the anterior cervical curvature angle was significantly decreased at 2 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05). In posterior laminoplasty group, there was no significant difference in above items between preoperative and postoperative at 2 weeks,final follow-up. Postoperative at 2 weeks and final follow-up, there was significant difference in anterior cervical curvature angle between two groups (P<0.05). Postoperative JOA score had obviously improved in all @entity1 , at 3 months after operation and final follow-up, anterior fusion group was better than that of posterior laminoplasty group (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The anterior sublevel fusion can effectively restore cervical anterior column height, and compared with the posterior cervical laminoplasty, it can obviously improve the spinal cord function. It is an effective method for the multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathv.

title: [Case-control study of anterior cervical decompression plus sublevel fusion and posterior cervical laminoDIastv for the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: Artemisia pallens is an important medicinal plant. In-vitro regeneration and multiplication of A. pallens have been established using attached cotyledons. Different growth regulators were considered for regeneration of multiple shoots. An average of 36 shoots per explants were obtained by culturing attached cotyledons on Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 2  mg/L @entity3015 and 0.1  mg/L @entity14728 , after 45  days. The shoots were rooted best on half Murashige and Skoog's medium with respect to media containing 1  mg/L @entity21927 or 1  mg/L @entity14728 . Different parameters such as type of bacterial strains, OD600 of bacterial culture, co-cultivation duration, concentration of @entity33177 and explants type were optimized for transient expression of the reporter gene. @entity3261 harbouring pCambia1301 plasmid carrying b-glucuronidase as a reporter gene and @entity13995 phosphotransferase as plant selectable marker genes were used for genetic transformation of A. pallens. Hygromycin lethality test showed concentration of 15  mg/L were sufficient to inhibit the growth of attached cotyledons and multiple shoot buds of nontransgenics in selection media. Up to 83  % transient transformation was found when attached cotyledons were co-cultivated with @entity3261 strain AGL1 for 2  days at 22    C on shoot induction medium. The bacterial growth was eliminated by addition of @entity3524 (200  mg/L) in selection media. T0 transgenic plants were confirmed by GUS histochemical assay and further by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using uidA and hpt gene specific primers. The study is useful in establishing technological improvement in A. pallens by genetic engineering.

title: In vitro regeneration and optimization of factors affecting XXXX mediated transformation in Artemisia Pallens, an important medicinal plant.

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens', 'Agrobacterium']

entities_list: @entity33177 :: ('MESH:C051667', 'Chemical') :: ['acetosyringone']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity13995 :: ('MESH:C026273', 'Chemical') :: ['hygromycin']

answer: @entity3261 :: (358,Species) :: ['Agrobacterium']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness (success, safety, and complications) of a novel technique of gestational sac aspiration in the management of @entity177 as an alternative to dilation and evacuation (D_E) and conservative management. DESIGN: Prospective historical cohort study comparing effectiveness of gestational sac aspiration (study group) to conservative management (control group) with follow-up until negative quantitative beta @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin testing is achieved (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). SETTING: An @entity249 treatment center. @entity1 : Among 60 @entity1 with failed early pregnancies that were achieved by in vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination, 20 underwent gestational sac aspiration, whereas 40 chose conservative management. INTERVENTIONS: Gestational sac aspiration was done by transvaginal ultrasound-guided needle aspiration under conscious sedation. Aspirated tissue was sent for karyotyping. Both study and control (conservative management) groups received close follow-up with ultrasound and serial beta @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin measurements. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age, @entity249 factor, or treatment between study and control groups. Mean gestational age was 8 versus 6 weeks in study and control groups, respectively (p < .05). One and 11 @entity1 required D_E in the study and control groups, respectively (p < .05). Karyotyping was successful in all except one @entity1 in the study group. @entity2008 were found in 36% of products of conception. No significant complications occurred CONCLUSION: Gestational sac aspiration is a simple and safe outpatient technique that is more effective than conservative management of @entity177 and less invasive than D_E. Moreover, the technique provides a high probability of obtaining a noncontaminated adequate gestation tissue sample for chromosomal study.

title: Gestational sac aspiration: a novel alternative to dilation and evacuation for management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['early pregnancy failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['early pregnancy failure']


abstract: Mechanisms that regulate conversion of @entity1356 (pro- @entity1356 ) to its mature form by the @entity462 protease @entity9302 are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that mature @entity9302 subunits are produced when @entity1 monocytes are treated with @entity855 and, like mature @entity1356 , are released extracellularly. Characterization of the pharmacological sensitivity of this stimulus-coupled response revealed that some @entity9302 inhibitors allow @entity1356 secretion, whereas others do not. Two nonselective alkylating agents, @entity8816 and @entity11892 , also blocked maturation and release of @entity1356 . Two inhibitors of anion transport, @entity5217 and @entity7734 , blocked maturation of both @entity9302 and @entity1356 and prevented release of the propolypeptides. @entity522 was detected in monocyte extracts, but its proteolytic activation was not efficient in the presence of @entity855 . Maturation of procaspase-1 and release of the mature enzyme subunits therefore accompany stimulus-coupled @entity1 monocyte @entity1356 post-translational processing. Agents that appear to selectively inhibit mature @entity9302 do not prevent @entity855 -treated cells from releasing their cytosolic components. On the other hand, anion transport inhibitors and alkylating agents arrest @entity855 -treated monocytes in a state where membrane latency is maintained. The data provided support the hypothesis that stimulus-coupled @entity1356 post-translational processing involves a commitment to cell death.

title: @entity855 treatment of @entity1 monocytes promotes XXXX maturation and externalization.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1beta', 'pro-IL-1beta', 'IL-1', 'prointerleukin-1beta']

entities_list: @entity11892 :: ('MESH:C029341', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylarsine oxide']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glyburide']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity7734 :: ('MESH:D004976', 'Chemical') :: ['ethacrynic acid']

answer: @entity9302 :: (834,Gene) :: ['caspase-1']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study examined the differences in @entity56 across 6 different strains of male @entity19 , and between male and female @entity35 of 3 different strains in a rodent model of @entity1643 associated with @entity614 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated the possibility that differences in tactile @entity1931 following the same @entity128 are affected by genotype and sex in rodents. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1643 associated with @entity614 affects countless @entity1 throughout the world, encompassing a wide range of individual @entity158 susceptibility. The roles of genetics and sex on differences in nociceptive sensitivities following lumbar @entity128 have yet to be fully characterized. METHODS: Six strains of @entity19 (BALB/cJ, CBA/J, C57BL/6J, 129P3/J, C3H/HeJ, and C58/J; all males) and male and female Sprague Dawley, Holtzman, and Long-Evans @entity35 underwent a lumbar @entity128 followed by assessment of tactile @entity1931 . RESULTS: The most sensitive @entity19 strains following @entity128 were: 129P3/J, C58/J, and BALB/cJ; and the less sensitive strains were: C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, and CBA/J. Female Sprague Dawley and Long-Evans @entity35 displayed increased @entity56 following @entity128 compared to males. No sex differences were observed in Holtzman @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Different @entity19 strains, and male and female @entity35 that are exposed to identical nerve root injuries have diverse levels of @entity56 , supporting the hypothesis that genetic factors and sex play a key role in @entity158 . Our results correlate with data compiled in identical @entity19 and @entity35 strains after L5-L6 nerve ligation, suggesting that the precise nature of the injury is not relevant to the inheritance of neuropathic symptom sensitivity.

title: The magnitude of mechanical XXXX in a rodent model of @entity614 is dependent on strain and sex.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve root injury']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity', 'tactile hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['allodynia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over a period of years general anesthesia has been a standard anesthetic technique for defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing at the time of implant. DFT testing without general anesthesia cover has gained limited acceptance. Use of local anesthesia combined with deep sedation for DFT testing might facilitate and simplify these procedures by reducing the procedural time, staff time, avoiding inefficient service in organizing anesthetic cover; thereby improving @entity1 compliance. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate feasibility, safety and efficacy of conscious sedation for DFT testing during @entity737 ( @entity737 ) implantation. METHOD: Data of 87 non-selected @entity1 who achieved adequate sedation with titrated doses of @entity1363 and @entity6882 were analyzed retrospectively. These medications were administered by a circulating nurse under the supervision of the implanting physicians. All hemodynamic measures, treatment and complications were monitored and recorded throughout the procedure. RESULTS: A retrospective analysis of data from 87 @entity1 who underwent @entity737 implantation and DFT testing under conscious sedation at our center was reported. The mean dose of @entity1363 and @entity6882 administered was 4.9      1.8 and 47.7      20  mg, respectively. During the period of conscious sedation, no @entity1 depicted episode of sustained @entity386 . No major complication or mortality was reported. CONCLUSION: Use of conscious sedation as an alternative to the use of general anesthesia for DFT testing during @entity737 implantation is found to be feasible, safe and effective, with an added advantage of reduced procedural time and improved @entity1 compliance.

title: Safe and effective use of conscious sedation for defibrillation threshold testing during XXXX implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['Implantable cardioverter defibrillators', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['ICD']


abstract: Five @entity1 with a fragile site at 16q22-23 and @entity146 are reported. Three of five had @entity4676 , three had @entity1032 , two had @entity162 , and one had @entity2438 . During our attempts to study the fragile sites in more detail we were unable to reproduce the fragile sites found several years earlier. The potential relationship between the fragile sites and the @entity146 in these @entity1 is discussed. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:69-73, 2000.

title: Peek-a-boo fragile site at 16d associated with XXXX , @entity162 , @entity2438 , and @entity1032 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette disorder']

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette syndrome']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity910 have symptoms consistent with biliary colic and an abnormal gallbladder ejection fraction (GEF) in the absence of @entity2963 . @entity8586 hepatobiliary scan quantifies gallbladder function and may assist in selecting @entity1 with acalculous @entity158 who would benefit from cholecystectomy. Seventy-eight @entity1 with an abnormal GEF (< 35%) on @entity8586 hepatobiliary scan without @entity2963 were studied retrospectively. @entity1 were divided into groups based on diagnosis and treatment. In Group I, the @entity1 who underwent cholecystectomy, 80 per cent (35 of 44) had complete symptomatic resolution whereas the remaining 20 per cent (9 of 44) had symptomatic improvement. Pathology reports demonstrated chronic @entity2679 in 95 per cent of specimens. Group II were @entity1 with symptoms attributable to @entity910 , but did not undergo cholecystectomy. Persistence of symptoms was noted in 75 per cent (18 of 24) of @entity1 whereas 25 per cent (6 of 24) had symptomatic resolution without any treatment. Group III consisted of @entity1 with an abnormal ejection fraction who had improvement of symptoms after treatment for an alternative diagnosis (n = 10). These findings suggest that an abnormal ejection fraction does not always indicate @entity1085 . Alternative diagnoses must be investigated and treated. @entity1 with persistent @entity253 in combination with an abnormal GEF in the absence of other attributable causes can expect a favorable response to cholecystectomy.

title: XXXX : natural history and surgical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder disease']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['biliary dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholecystokinin', 'cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pain']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary type symptoms']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['Biliary dyskinesia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hydrolyzed fish proteins ( @entity8108 -pro) contain high concentrations of free @entity3534 and low molecular peptides that potentially may benefit fish health. The following study aimed to test whether the water-soluble phase of @entity8108 -pro could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provoked @entity32 in liver cells and head kidney cells isolated from @entity12178 . Cells were grown as mono cultures or co cultures to assess possible crosstalk between immune cells and metabolic cells during treatments. Cells were added media with or without @entity8108 -pro for 2 days before LPS exposure and harvested 24  @entity8108 post LPS exposure. Respective cells without @entity8108 -pro and LPS were used as controls. H-pro alone could affect expression of proteins directly as @entity8108 -pro increased catalase protein expression in head kidney- and liver cells, regardless of culturing methods and LPS treatment. @entity8285 ( @entity8285 ) production was also increased by @entity8108 -pro in head kidney cells co cultured with liver cells. H-pro increased LPS induced @entity49234 (IL-1b) transcription in liver cells co cultured with head kidney cells. All cultures of head kidney cells showed a significant increase in IL-1b transcription when treated with H-pro  +  LPS. @entity8108 -pro decreased @entity49235 transcription in liver cells cultured co cultured with head kidney cells. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a (PPAR a) was upregulated, regardless of treatment, in liver cells co cultured with head kidney cells clearly showing that culturing method alone affected gene transcription. @entity8108 -pro alone and together with LPS as an @entity32 inducer, affect both antioxidant and inflammatory responses.

title: Hydrolyzed fish proteins modulates both inflammatory and antioxidant gene expression as well as protein expression in a co culture model of liver and head kidney cells isolated from @entity12178 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8285 :: ('MESH:D007975', 'Chemical') :: ['Leukotriene B4', 'LTB4']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['Salmo salar']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity730 ( @entity730 ) is a rare but serious disorder affecting 4% of dialysis @entity1 . Intravenous @entity15451 (IV @entity2031 ) has been shown as an effective treatment. In Canada, the average cost of IV @entity2031 is about CAD 12,000 per month, while the cost of compounded oral @entity2031 is CAD 45 per month. METHODS: Prospective cohort where all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity730 during the year 2011 were included. They were treated initially with IV @entity2031 . Afterwards, each @entity1 had a baseline bone scan and was started on oral @entity2031 for a total of 6 months followed by a repeat bone scan. A single radiologist, blinded to the dates of both scans for a given @entity1 , read all scans. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were studied. The intravenous dose used was 25 g three times a week for an average duration of 131 days. After the maintenance therapy, 2 @entity1 developed further regression of the lesions, 1 had stable lesions, and 1 got worse; however, nonadherence to the drug was confirmed. The oral medication was well tolerated with no reported side effects. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity2031 , after IV @entity2031 , seems to stabilize, or even improve @entity730 lesions, and therefore could be useful as maintenance therapy, especially since its cost is much more reasonable than IV @entity2031 and due to the ongoing shortage of the IV formulation.

title: Oral XXXX as maintenance therapy for @entity730 : a case series.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Calcific uremic arteriolopathy', 'CUA']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15451 :: ('MESH:C017717', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium thiosulfate']

answer: @entity15451 :: (MESH:C017717,Chemical) :: ['sodium thiosulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS: @entity1582 is the second most common @entity1503 caused by clonal proliferation of B cells. Evaluation of number of plasmocytes in the bone marrow is still one of the basic diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was to verify if this evaluation has prognostic value even in the era of new drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of MM @entity1 were enrolled in this study. The group T - 45 newly diagnosed MM @entity1 who underwent treatment with @entity2816 . Group B - 86 @entity1 in first relapse of MM without autologous transplantation of bone marrow that were treated with @entity2816 and @entity1749 in various combinations. Percentage of subtypes of plasmocytes in the bone marrow was evaluated based on progressive analysis of nucleus, chromatin and nucleo-cellular ratio (N/C). RESULTS: Mature plasma cells were found in 53.3% (group T) and 53.5% (group B) of @entity1 ; proplasmocytes I were found in 22.2% (group T) and 24.4% (group B) of @entity1 ; proplasmocytes II were found in 22.2% (group T) and 22.1% (group B) of @entity1 and plasmablasts in 1% (group T) and 0% (group B). @entity1 who reached treatment response after first treatment had statistically significant number of proplasmocytes II when compared to group without treatment response (median 37% vs. 11%, p = 0.033). Group B @entity1 with mature plasmocytes below 10% had significantly shorter overall survival than other @entity1 when comparison of quartiles was performed. Group B @entity1 with higher infiltration of proplasmocytes I than median of 15% had lower overall survival (median 50.3 months vs. 74.9 months, p = 0,024); the same was true for evaluation of proplasmocytes II (median OS 41.3 months vs. 74.9 months, p = 0,011). CONCLUSION: Numerical evaluations of plasma cells in the bone marrow remain basic diagnostic criteria of MM even in the era of new genomics analyses. More precise morphological evaluation of 8 subtypes of plasma cells brings important prognostic information that is necessary for new protocols for immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors.

title: [Prognostic significance of morphology in multiple XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disease']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have shown an association between long-term anticholinergic (AC) drug exposure and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) pathogenesis, which has been primarily investigated in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). However, long-term AC exposure as a risk factor for developing @entity179 and the exact mechanisms and potential for disease progression remain unclear. Here, we have addressed the issue using @entity20286 ( @entity16980 ), a commonly used AC drug in @entity191 @entity1 , to determine if @entity16980 can accelerate @entity195 -like neurodegenerative progression and study potential mechanisms involved. METHODS: Male @entity35 (SD) were intraperitoneally injected with @entity16980 (0.3 and 1.0  mg/kg) or normal saline (NS) for 7  months. Alterations in cognitive and behavioral performance were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) and open field tests. After behavior tests, whole genome oligo microarrays, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence-confocal were used to investigate the global mechanisms underlying @entity16980 -induced neuropathology with aging. RESULTS: Compared with NS controls, the MWM test results showed that @entity16980 -treated @entity35 exhibited significantly extended mean latencies during the initial 3  months of testing; however, this behavioral deficit was restored between the fourth and sixth month of MWM testing. The same tendencies were confirmed by MWM probe and open field tests. Gene microarray analysis identified 68 (47  %) upregulated and 176 (53  %) downregulated genes in the " @entity16980 -aging" vs. "NS-aging" group. The most significant populations of genes downregulated by @entity16980 were the immune response-, antigen processing and presentation-, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related genes, as validated by qRT-PCR. The decreased expression of MHC class I in @entity16980 -treated aging brains was confirmed by confocal analysis. Notably, long-term @entity16980 treatment primed hippocampal and cortical microglia to undergo an inflammatory phenotypic switch, causing microgliosis and microglia activation, which were positively accompanied by pathological misfolded tau lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that immune response and neuroinflammation represent a pivotal mechanism in @entity16980 -induced @entity195 -like neuropathology processes with long-term exposure to AC drugs.

title: Long-term @entity20286 exposure alters neuroimmune response and inflammation in aging @entity35 : relevance to age and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity20286 :: ('MESH:D014282', 'Chemical') :: ['trihexyphenidyl']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: 1. @entity1351 activity in the conditioned medium of @entity8246 cells, a @entity1 gingival fibroblast cell line, was stimulated by Porphyromonas endodontalis, a putative pathogen of oral submucous abscesses, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. 2. P. endodontalis stimulated the activity of plasminogen activator in both the conditioned medium and the cell lysate. The plasminogen activator in @entity8246 cells was approx. 50 kDa by zymography. 3. The conditioned medium of @entity8246 cells exposed to P. endodontalis stimulated the conversion of human serum prekallikrein to kallikrein. 4. These results suggested that P. endodontalis stimulates the plasminogen activator- @entity1351 system in @entity8246 cells, and that activated @entity1351 plays a role in the progress of periodontal tissue @entity32 .

title: Stimulation of XXXX activity in cultured @entity1 fibroblast cells by Porphyromonas endodontalis.

answer: @entity1351 :: (5340,Gene) :: ['plasmin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5282 ( @entity5282 )-positive @entity0 is associated with a poor response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Thus, it is important to identify @entity5282 -positive @entity1 who can benefit from chemotherapy and the Ki-67 index may help to predict chemotherapy efficacy in such populations. However, controversies exist regarding the prognostic and predictive role of Ki-67 and its exact cut-off value in @entity5282 -positive @entity1 . Therefore, we conducted this study. METHODS: The meta-analysis included 4512 @entity1 in five trials. Due to different data formats provided by studies, we classified the trials into two groups to facilitate analysis. Group 1 included the PACS01, USON 01062, and IBCSG VIII and IX trials, while Group 2 included the BCIRG001, USON 01062, and IBCSG VIII and IX trials. RESULTS: In Group 1, Ki-67 high @entity1 had a worse prognosis in disease-free survival (DFS) than Ki-67 low counterparts (risk ratio [RR] = 1.62, 95% confidence index [CI] = 1.36-1.94, P < 0.001). In Group 2, Ki-67 high @entity1 had a better prognosis in DFS (RR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.45-0.61, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (RR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.25-0.42, P < 0.001). In Ki-67 high @entity1 administered @entity4349 / @entity3907 -based chemotherapy, the experimental group ( @entity47402 , @entity47403 ) achieved a better DFS than the control group (FAC, @entity47404 , respectively) (RR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.39-0.90, P = 0.014). With a cut-off point >= 19%, Ki-67 high @entity1 achieved a worse DFS (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.28-1.72, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study had limitations due to its retrospective nature and the lack of standardized Ki-67 measurement methods. Nevertheless, our findings indicate that Ki-67 high @entity1 have a worse prognosis and may be more sensitive to @entity4349 / @entity3907 -based regimens. The ideal Ki-67 cut-off point for predicting chemosensitivity may be a certain value among a range of values >= 19% in @entity5282 -positive @entity1 .

title: The clinical significance of Ki-67 as a marker of prognostic value and chemosensitivity prediction in XXXX -positive @entity0 : a meta-analysis of the published literature.

entities_list: @entity47402 :: ('|SUB|FAC||T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['FAC    >    T']

entities_list: @entity47404 :: ('c|SUB|AC||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['AC    >    T']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity47403 :: ('c|TX||', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['AC    >    TX']

answer: @entity5282 :: (3164,Gene) :: ['hormone-receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the objective and subjective cure rates after the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure in @entity1 with @entity322 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 112 consecutive @entity1 with genuine stress (n = 88) and mixed (n = 24) @entity322 . The objective cure rate was evaluated by clinical and urodynamic examinations and the subjective cure rate using the Contilife questionnaire. The mean follow-up time was 25 months (range 18 to 34). RESULTS: The mean operative time was 30 minutes (range 25 to 50). Most @entity1 (58%) underwent surgery with locoregional anesthesia. The overall complication rate was 37.5% (42 of 112). The perioperative complication rate was 14.3%, including 13 @entity1494 (11.6%). Five (38.5%) of the latter occurred in 7 @entity1 with a previous history of @entity322 surgery (P <0.001). The early postoperative complication rate was 32.1%. The main complication was voiding difficulties, diagnosed in 14 @entity1 . Ten (71.4%) required intermittent self-catheterization for less than 15 days and four for a mean duration of 28 days (range 15 to 90). The late postoperative complication rate was 29.4%, including 29 cases of de novo urge symptoms (25.9%). Anticholinergic drugs were effective in only 15 (51.7%) of the 29. The objective cure rate was 89.3%. No difference was found between @entity1 with genuine stress @entity322 and those with mixed @entity322 . The subjective cure rate was 66%. The difference in cure rates between the objective and subjective evaluations was significant (P <0.05). The subjective cure rate in @entity1 with de novo urge symptoms was 37.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the TVT procedure is a safe and effective surgical method. The lower subjective cure rate was related to the high incidence of de novo urge symptoms.

title: Objective and subjective cure rates after tension-free vaginal tape for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder injuries']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms of cytokine genes are an interesting focus for association studies involving @entity66 due to their role in immune cell communications during @entity32 . The aim of this study was to investigate associations of @entity310 @entity15646 , @entity310 @entity15647 , @entity1192 @entity35404 and @entity688 @entity28707 polymorphisms with @entity66 with adjustment for confounding lifestyle and environmental factors. METHODS: This study was performed on 356 Croatian students. The diagnosis of @entity12131 , @entity2490 and @entity483 was based on symptoms reported by the modified International Study of @entity566 in Childhood questionnaire and a positive skin prick test (SPT) to at least one common inhalatory allergen. Genetic polymorphisms were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-based technique. The influence of personal (gender, body mass index, parental history of @entity66 ), lifestyle (cigarette smoking, pet ownership) and environmental (urban/rural residency, residency in continental/Mediterranean region) factors reported in the questionnaire was investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Compared to the control subjects, univariate analysis showed a significant negative association of the @entity310 @entity15646 polymorphism with @entity12131 , @entity483 , @entity565 and @entity272 and positive SPT. These observations were confirmed in a multivariate model only for @entity483 and @entity272 ( @entity483 : OR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.07-1.00; p = 0.050; @entity272 : OR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.10-0.83; p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a protective role of @entity310 @entity15646 genetic polymorphisms regarding @entity483 and @entity272 even after controlling for personal, lifestyle and environmental factors. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular patterns of this association in @entity483 and other chronic @entity272 .

title: Associations of @entity310 @entity15646 , @entity310 @entity15647 , @entity1192 @entity35404 and XXXX @entity28707 Genetic Polymorphisms with @entity66 : Asthma, @entity2490 and Dermatitis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases', 'atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['atopic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory skin disorders', 'skin symptoms']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With current genetic technology, it is possible to detect mutations associated with @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ), a hereditary @entity943 . As a result, prospective parents diagnosed with @entity1162 will have to decide whether or not to prevent its transmission to future generations, either by not procreating or through the use of assisted reproductive technologies or prenatal testing. This paper explores how a hereditary predisposition to @entity1164 can influence reproductive decision making. METHODS: This study draws from interviews and focus groups with individuals who have personal or family histories of @entity943 or @entity944 . A keyword search was conducted on interview transcripts to identify quotes for analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 expressed complex, often ambivalent attitudes about the prospect of having a @entity1 with a predisposition to @entity1164 . Their comments reveal conflicting understandings of genetic responsibility and reflect the variable effects of personal experience on reproductive decision making. This paper compares attitudes towards @entity1162 and other genetic conditions in analyzing the themes that emerged in interviews and focus groups. CONCLUSIONS: The "disability critique" of prenatal testing should be applied carefully to a context of genetic predisposition to @entity1164 in order to understand reproductive decision making. Firsthand experience with the condition, among other factors, can weigh heavily in those decisions.

title: Reproductive Decision Making and Genetic Predisposition to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['LQTS', 'long QT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia', 'cardiac arrhythmia syndrome']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['Sudden Cardiac Death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is relatively little evidence on the test-retest reliability of utility scores derived from multiattribute measures. The objective was to estimate test-retest reliability for Health Utilities Index @entity26646 (HUI2) and @entity26077 (HUI3) utility scores in @entity1 recovering from @entity173 . METHODS: We enrolled an inception cohort of @entity173 @entity1 within 3 to 5 days of surgery. Baseline assessments included the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Folstein Mini-Mental State Examinations, and the HUI2 and HUI3 questionnaire. Follow-up assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months also included a global change question. Test-retest reliability was assessed as agreement between 3- and 6-month scores using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Two approaches were used to classify @entity1 as stable; a third approach based on the generalizability theory was also used. @entity1 were classified as stable if their FIM overall scores changed by 10 points or fewer and if they classified themselves as having experienced no or only a little change according to their global change question. RESULTS: Complete data at both the 3- and 6-month assessments based on self-report were available for 196 @entity1 ; 141 @entity1 with complete data were classified as stable. The ICCs for HUI2 and HUI3 for stable @entity1 were 0.71 and 0.72; the ICCs derived from the generalizability theory were 0.76 and 0.77. CONCLUSIONS: Test-retest reliability for HUI in this cohort was similar to reliability estimates for other preference-based multiattribute and generic health-profile measures--in the acceptable range for making valid group-level comparisons.

title: Test-retest reliability of health utilities index scores: evidence from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Decreases in @entity26 saturation (SO2) and @entity880 concentration [Lac] from superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) to pulmonary artery have been reported. These gradients (Delta SO2 and Delta[Lac]) are probably created by diluting @entity6480 blood with blood of lower SO2 and [Lac]. We tested the hypothesis that Delta SO2 and Delta[Lac] result from mixing @entity6480 and inferior vena cava (IVC) blood streams. METHODS: This was a prospective, sequential, observational study of hemodynamically stable individuals with @entity120 (n = 9) who were about to undergo right heart catheterization. Catheters were advanced under fluoroscopic guidance into the IVC, @entity6480 , right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery. Samples were obtained at each site and analyzed for @entity9734 , [Lac], and @entity413 concentration ([ @entity367 ]). Analysis of variance with Tukey HSD test was used to compare metabolite concentrations at each site. RESULTS: There were no differences in SO2 or [Lac] between IVC and @entity6480 , both being greater than their respective pulmonary artery measurements (P < 0.01 for SO2 and P < 0.05 for [Lac]). SO2 and [Lac] in right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery were similar. Delta SO2 was 4.4 +/- 1.4% (mean +/- standard deviation) and Delta[Lac] was 0.16 +/- 0.11 mmol/l (both > 0; P < 0.001). Delta[ @entity367 ] was -0.19 +/- 0.31 mmol/l, which was not significantly different from zero, with @entity6480 [ @entity367 ] being less than IVC [ @entity367 ]. CONCLUSION: Mixing of @entity6480 with IVC blood does not account for the development of Delta SO2 and Delta[Lac] in hemodynamically stable individuals with @entity120 . An alternate mechanism is mixing with coronary sinus blood, implying that Delta SO2 and Delta[Lac] may reflect changes in coronary sinus SO2 and [Lac] in this @entity1 population.

title: The concentration of @entity26 , @entity880 and @entity413 in the central veins, right heart, and pulmonary artery: a study in XXXX with @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify all pregnancies complicated by maternal @entity5512 and report the obstetric performance in these @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of all deliveries between May 1984 and December 2004 at Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong. Maternal demographic data as well as information on the antenatal course and delivery outcome were abstracted from the maternal records. Neonatal record review yielded information on the gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar scores, sex and neonatal conditions after delivery. RESULTS: Fifteen singleton pregnancies in 9 @entity1 with @entity5512 were identified. There were 6 pregnancies in 3 @entity1 with situs inversus and 9 pregnancies in 6 @entity1 with @entity5512 . There were no apparent antenatal complications. None of the @entity1 developed any @entity299 antenatally. All the @entity1 had a 5-minute Apgar score > 7. Four small-for-gestational-age (SGA) @entity1 , defined after correcting for parity, gestational age, maternal height and maternal entry weight, occurred in @entity1 with situs inversus. This is significantly different from the 10% expected (p < 0.002). No SGA @entity1 were born to @entity1 with @entity5512 . CONCLUSION: Pregnancies complicated by maternal @entity5512 did not have any @entity66 . However, SGA @entity1 should be watched in @entity1 with situs inversus.

title: XXXX in pregnancy: 20 years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5512 :: ('MESH:D003914', 'Disease') :: ['isolated dextrocardia', 'dextrocardia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['detrimental effect on the disease or vice versa']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac symptoms']

answer: @entity5512 :: (MESH:D003914,Disease) :: ['Dextrocardia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of withdrawing biologics from @entity1 with @entity309 in sustained remission or low disease activity. This is a systematic review of clinical trials that randomized withdrawal or continuation of biologics. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and other databases. Three authors independently selected and extracted the data from the studies. The GRADE approach was employed to assess the quality of the evidence. We calculated meta-analyses of random effects model and estimated the heterogeneity by I (2). The number needed to treat (NNT) was calculated for significant outcomes. We included six trials (N   =   1927 @entity1 ), most were industry-sponsored. Compared to withdrawing, continuing biologics increased the probability of low disease activity (relative risk [RR]   =   0.66, 95  % CI 0.51-0.84, I (2)   =   91  %, NNT   =   4, low quality), remission (0.57, 0.44-0.74, I (2)   =   82  %, NNT   =   3, low quality), and radiographic progression (RR   =   0.91, 95  % CI 0.85-0.98, I (2)   =   13  %, NNT   =   12, moderate quality). No significant difference was detected in the incidence of serious adverse events, serious infection, @entity5 , and scores of improvement of tender and swollen joints between these strategies (low quality). A worse profile of outcomes was experienced by those @entity1 when compared to the ones that continued biologics, but almost half of @entity1 maintained low disease activity after withdrawal. As the quality of evidence was low, the conclusions may change as new results become available. The potential harms and benefits of this decision must be discussed with @entity1 .

title: Withdrawal of biologic agents in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2909 and @entity808 of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are mainly comprised of spindle-shaped @entity5 cells and should always be differentiated from @entity674 ( @entity674 ). Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT) and discovered on @entity677 -1 (DOG1) are well-known diagnostic markers for the detection of a @entity677 by immunohistochemical staining. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and significance of spindle cell @entity5 of the GIT with KIT- or DOG1-positive spindle-shaped cells, presumed to be interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), other than @entity674 . A total of 71 @entity2909 and 35 @entity808 were examined and clinicopathological information was obtained. KIT and DOG1 immunostaining was performed to determine the proportions of positive cells. Mutation screening of KIT exons 9, 11, 13 and 17, and @entity29134 ( @entity29134 ) exons 12 and 18 was performed in cases with a relatively high proportion of either KIT- or DOG1-positive cells. The frequency of @entity2909 and @entity808 with KIT- and DOG1-positive ICCs was 35.2% (25/71 cases) and 5.7% (2/35 cases), respectively. Among the @entity2910 with KIT- and @entity235 -positive ICCs (14/25; 56.0%), 5 @entity2909 involved the muscularis mucosa and 9 @entity2909 involved the muscularis propria. All @entity356 with KIT- and DOG1-positive ICCs (11/25; 44%) involved the muscularis propria. All @entity808 with an increased proportion of KIT- or DOG1-positive ICCs were of gastric origin. No KIT or @entity29134 mutations were detected in 7 @entity2909 and 2 @entity808 . In conclusion, the majority of @entity2909 and the minority of @entity808 in the GIT had a significant portion of KIT- and DOG1-positive cells. All of the @entity5 were located in the upper GIT, and could be present in the muscularis propria or muscularis mucosa. The @entity5 represented a non-neoplastic proliferation of KIT- and DOG1-positive cells in the GIT. Careful evaluation of KIT- or DOG1-positive cells in spindle cell @entity5 of the GIT can assist in forming the correct diagnosis by differentiation from a @entity677 .

title: Gastrointestinal tract spindle cell @entity5 with interstitial cells of Cajal: Prevalence excluding XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity29134 :: ('442860(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFRA', 'platelet-derived growth factor receptor a']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'Leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric leiomyomas']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that heterotrimeric G proteins, and in particular Go, regulate ionic channel activities. In order to investigate the role of Go proteins in the modulation of the @entity141 influx, @entity36 cells were stably transfected with alpha o1 cDNA. Expression of the Go1 alpha protein was checked by @entity7320 toxin-catalyzed @entity857 -ribosylation and Western blots using one- and two-dimensional gel analyses. Three clones were selected based on their degree of Go1 alpha expression. In alpha o1-transfected cells, @entity268 accumulations, in response to @entity3044 or @entity1928 , were lower than in control cells. This inhibitory effect was a function of the amount of expressed Go1 alpha. In contrast, Go1 alpha expression was not followed by a significant inhibition of @entity3044 - or @entity1928 -stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities in particulate fractions. In C6 parental cells, 50-60% of the @entity3044 -induced @entity268 accumulation was dependent on external @entity141 concentration. This @entity141 -dependent @entity268 accumulation was related to an induced transient @entity141 influx. In transfected cells, expression of Go1 alpha inhibited the @entity141 influx and the @entity141 -dependent component of @entity3044 -induced @entity268 accumulation. In conclusion, beta-adrenergic agonists stimulate an entry of @entity141 which exerts a positive feedback on @entity268 production, and Go1 alpha blocks this positive feedback by inhibiting the @entity141 influx.

title: Transfected Go1 alpha inhibits the calcium dependence of beta-adrenergic stimulated @entity268 accumulation in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity7320 :: ('520', 'Species') :: ['Bordetella pertussis']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity36 :: (MESH:C567307,Disease) :: ['C6 glioma']


abstract: Macrophages altered by various Th2-associated and anti-inflammatory mediators--including @entity58 and @entity1312 [inducing alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs)], @entity1618 and @entity641 --were generically termed M2. However, markers that discriminate between AAMs and other M2 remain scarce. We previously described @entity3112 as a marker for AAMs, permitting these macrophages to fuse upon @entity58 stimulation. To identify novel potential contributors to macrophage fusion, we assessed the effect of @entity58 on other adherens and tight junction-associated components. We observed an induction of @entity8840 ( @entity8840 ), @entity50397 and @entity41911 genes by @entity58 in different @entity19 macrophage populations. Extending our findings to other stimuli revealed @entity8840 as a mainly @entity641 -induced gene and showed that @entity41911 is predominantly associated with @entity58 -induced AAMs. @entity50397 is upregulated by diverse stimuli and is not associated with a specific macrophage activation state in vitro. Interestingly, different claudin genes preferentially associate with M2 from distinct diseases. While @entity41911 is predominantly expressed in AAMs from helminth-infected @entity19 , @entity8840 is the major macrophage claudin during chronic @entity7246 and @entity50397 dominates in @entity5 -associated macrophages. Overall, we identified @entity8840 , @entity50397 and @entity41911 as genes that discriminate between diverse types of M2.

title: @entity8840 , @entity50397 and XXXX genes differentially associate with distinct types of anti-inflammatory macrophages in vitro and with parasite- and @entity5 -elicited macrophages in vivo.

entities_list: @entity7246 :: ('MESH:D014352', 'Disease') :: ['trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity41911 :: (18417(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['claudin-11']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of metastatic sites in @entity521 and the extent to which metastatic sites correlate with age, @entity5 biology, and survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: All 648 @entity1 with stage IV and IVS @entity521 registered on @entity1 's @entity5 Group protocols 3881 and 3891 were analyzed. Metastatic site data were provided by treating institutions and reviewed in @entity1 with central nervous system (CNS), intracranial, lung, or "other" @entity3 . RESULTS: The incidence of metastatic sites at diagnosis was 70.5% in bone marrow, 55.7% in bone, 30.9% in lymph nodes, 29.6% in liver, 18.2% in intracranial and orbital sites, 3.3% in lung, and 0.6% in CNS. Event-free survival (EFS) was decreased in @entity1 with bone, bone marrow, CNS, intracranial/ orbital, lung, and @entity3 , and improved in those with liver and skin @entity3 . In @entity1 , @entity4180 amplification and unfavorable Shimada histopathology correlated with increased frequencies of bone and intracranial or orbital @entity3 . In older @entity1 , @entity4180 amplification correlated with increased frequencies of @entity409 . Multivariate analysis revealed that metastatic site is not an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: Metastatic pattern in @entity521 differs with age and correlates with @entity5 biological features and EFS. These correlations could reflect changes in host or @entity5 biological features with age resulting in differences in metastatic capacity or @entity5 affinity for specific sites.

title: Metastatic sites in stage IV and IVS @entity521 correlate with age, XXXX biology, and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial or orbital, liver, and lung metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'pleural metastases']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: 1. The present study was designed to determine the effect of sleep on the tonic output to respiratory muscle and on the level of chemical respiratory stimulation required to produce rhythmic respiratory output. 2. Chronically implanted electrodes recorded expiratory (triangularis sterni) and inspiratory (diaphragm and parasternal intercostal) electromyographic (EMG) activities in three trained @entity235 during wakefulness and sleep. The @entity235 were mechanically hyperventilated via an endotracheal tube inserted into a permanent tracheostomy. During the studies, a @entity4775 was maintained to avoid the complicating effects of vagal inputs on respiratory drive and rhythm. 3. During wakefulness, steady-state @entity13147 (partial pressure of @entity515 , PCO2 = 30 mmHg) abolished inspiratory EMG activity, resulting in apnoea, but the expiratory muscle became tonically active. Compared to wakefulness, the level of the tonic expiratory EMG activity was decreased in non- @entity1949 (non-rapid eye movement) sleep (median decrease = 34%, P = 0.005) and was further decreased in @entity1949 sleep (median decrease = 78%, P < 0.0001). During @entity1949 sleep, the tonic expiratory EMG activity was highly variable (mean coefficient of variation = 39% compared to 7% awake, P < 0.0001) and in some periods of @entity1949 , bursts of inspiratory EMG activity and active @entity1353 movements were observed despite the presence of @entity13147 . 4. During constant mechanical hyperventilation, progressive @entity101 (in @entity871 ) were produced by rebreathing. Measurement of the @entity515 threshold for the onset of spontaneous @entity1353 showed that this threshold was not different between wakefulness and non- @entity1949 sleep (mean difference = 0.1 mmHg from paired observations, 95% confidence interval for the difference = -1.0 to +1.1 mmHg, P = 0.898). 5. The results show that @entity25 to respiratory muscles but does not increase the @entity515 threshold for the generation of rhythmic respiratory output. These observations suggest that changes in the tonic drives to the respiratory motoneurones may be a principal mechanism by which changes in sleep-wake states produce changes in respiratory output.

title: Effects of sleep on the tonic drive to respiratory muscle and the threshold for rhythm generation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in arterial PCO2']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity4775 :: ('MESH:D020421', 'Disease') :: ['cold block of the cervical vagus nerves']

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep reduces the tonic output']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine presentations and prevalence of @entity542 among elder victims of blunt @entity130 and to estimate the prevalence of occult injuries associated with a normal level of consciousness, @entity51 , and no evidence of significant skull @entity174 . METHODS: The study population consisted of all @entity1 aged 65 years or older enrolled in the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) @entity542 cohort. The authors assessed the prevalence and patterns of @entity1504 among this cohort and compared the prevalence of specific presenting signs and symptoms among injured and uninjured @entity1 . An @entity130 subcohort was also constructed, and injury prevalence was examined among this group. RESULTS: A total of 1,934 elder @entity1 were identified among the 13,326 subjects in NEXUS II (14.5%). Significant @entity1504 , defined as an injury that typically requires procedural intervention or is associated with persistent @entity16 or long-term disability, was found in 178 elder @entity1 (9.2%; 95% confidence interval = 8.0% to 10.6%) as compared with 697 individuals among 11,392 younger @entity1 (6.1%; 95% confidence interval = 5.7% to 6.6%). Focal @entity51 were present in 55.8% of elder @entity1 with injury. Prevalence of specific injuries among elder and younger @entity1 , respectively, included the following: subdural @entity1410 , 4.4% and 2.4%; contusion, 4.0% and 3.2%; epidural @entity1410 , 0.5% and 1.0%; and @entity13668 , 0.2% and 0.5%. Forty-two elder @entity1 (2.2%) had an @entity130 , compared with only 92 younger @entity1 (0.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Elder @entity1 with @entity542 are at higher risk of developing a significant @entity1504 , including @entity3439 . An occult presentation is also more common in elders.

title: Intracranial pathology in elders with blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural and epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity13668 :: ('MESH:D020204', 'Disease') :: ['depressed skull fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury', 'II head injury']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injuries', 'intracranial injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['absence of neurologic deficit', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['occult injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of different regimes of thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section. DESIGN: Retrospective single-center cross-sectional study. SETTING: University Medical Center, The Netherlands. POPULATION: All @entity1 that delivered by cesarean section in the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, between January 2004 and December 2007 received thromboprophylaxis. We included @entity1 who received thromboprophylaxis according to the routine administration schedule at that time. METHODS: Three different consecutive regimes of thromboprophylaxis were used. In the first period, @entity1 received dalteparin 5000IU pre- and postoperatively (group A), in the second period, nadroparin 5700IU was administered pre- and postoperatively (group B), and in the third period, nadroparin 2850IU was administered not earlier than 6-12 hours postoperatively (group C). Detailed information on individual characteristics, cesarean section and postpartum period were extracted from @entity1 files. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity86 complications. RESULTS: A total of 1527 @entity1 were eligible and included. In group B, significantly more @entity1 experienced @entity548 complications (necessitating either conservative treatment or re-laparotomy) compared with the other two groups (19/574 @entity1 in group B vs. 9/647 in group A and 1/306 in group C). After adjusting for potential confounders (maternal age, body mass index, and occurrence of @entity1468 / @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count) these effects remained significant (p=0.005). The incidence of @entity1031 was not different in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Different regimes of thromboprophylaxis in @entity1 with cesarean section influenced the occurrence of @entity548 complications.

title: Thrombophylaxis and XXXX complications after cesarean section.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']