abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report, in 4 @entity1 , the occurrence of 2 different @entity5 in proximity in the same bone. Three @entity1 had @entity421 , and 1 had a @entity5 ; all had coincident metaphyseal @entity82 . METHODS: Four @entity1 (2 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ; 18, 25, 24 and 10 years of age, respectively) presented with progressive @entity158 in the knee and distal thigh. All were studied by radiography, magnetic resonance imaging was done in 3 @entity1 , and diagnostic open biopsy was performed for all. RESULTS: Radiologic studies demonstrated @entity5 in the distal end of the femur in all 4 @entity1 . Biopsy tissue showed a metaphyseal @entity82 in all, with coexistence of an associated @entity5 in 1 @entity1 and an @entity421 in each of the others. In all cases, the metaphyseal @entity82 was penetrated by the adjacent @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite the relative prevalence of metaphyseal @entity82 , @entity5 and @entity421 in the distal end of the femur and their occurrence in approximately the same age group, their association has rarely been reported. As both @entity5 and @entity421 are usually diagnosed late in their clinical course, they may outgrow and destroy any evidence of pre-existing metaphyseal @entity82 . The rate of destruction is also influenced by the distance between the 2 lesions--the shorter the distance, the earlier the destruction.

title: Coexistence of primary @entity5 : report of 4 cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'man']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous defect']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumours', 'giant cell tumours', 'giant cell tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['collision tumours']


abstract: The purpose of the present biomechanical investigation was to check the functional importance of the syndesmosis ligaments and of the deltoid ligament for ankle @entity174 type B according to the AO-Weber classification. We constructed a special fixation clamp, with 12 fresh and unembalmed lower legs being tested for lateral shift (mm) and ten for @entity717 . All specimens were exposed in the same neutral position. Transverse loads (F(y)) varied between 0 and 150 N, axial loads (F(z)) between 0, 300, 600 and 1,000 N and rotational loads (F(r)) between 2.4 and 4.9 Nm. All series were repeated according to @entity907 ( @entity907 ) injury patterns of the Lauge-Hansen classification. Syndesmotic ligaments and the fibula were incrementally sectioned from anterior to posterior. Type @entity907 I consisted of an isolated incision of the anterior syndesmosis ligament. Type @entity907 II had an additional oblique @entity174 of the fibula at the height of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. In type @entity130 , in addition to the fibular @entity174 , a complete rupture of the syndesmosis ligaments was present, and for type @entity907 IV lesions the deltoid ligaments were incised. The transverse load-displacement curve was s-shaped in all uninjured joints,with the highest gradient between 10 and 20 N with no axial compression. Without axial compression in cases of F(y)=25 N transverse loads, the mean talus translation was 0.51 mm. Following type II injuries, the average talus translation was 0.68 mm (not significant) and rose to an average of 0.95 mm ( P <0.01) in @entity130 . After additional incision of the deltoid ligaments, the ankle joint subluxed permanently when more than 5-10 N transverse loads were applied. Axial loads of 300 N or more resulted in a considerable reduction in talus translations, indicating increased stability and congruency within the joint complex. In this way, the vertical loading of the ankle joints always contributed to joint stability. The average internal @entity717 reached with a torque of 2.4 Nm was 3.52 degrees and with 4.9 Nm 5.15 degrees when no axial compression was applied. @entity717 measured -6.36 degrees and -8.62 degrees, respectively. Following the experimental protocol, significant increases were noted for external rotation at @entity907 II degrees injuries ( P =0.003) and for internal rotation at @entity907 III degrees ( P =0.03) injuries. Our data support the proposition that the deltoid ligaments and the posterior syndesmosis play a key role in the stability of @entity1171 for @entity907 injuries. If these structures remain intact, conservative and early functional treatment are recommended in @entity1 with minimal (<2 mm) or no @entity174 . This concept is confirmed by the literature dealing with clinical mid- and long-term follow-up studies.

title: [The role of the tibiofibular syndesmotic and the deltoid ligaments in stabilizing Weber B type ankle joint XXXX --an experimental investigation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'supination-eversion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fracture displacement']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['tibiotalar rotation', 'External rotation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['SE III injuries', 'type III injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) is a common complication in @entity6 @entity1 , and most of them needrenal replacement therapy such as hemodialysis (HD). These @entity1 have a high tendency to develop @entity281 and exhibit anomalies in the immune system. The objective of this study was to assess the expression of activation-related markers on T cells, as well as to quantify inflammatory cytokines, before and after a single HD session in @entity2316 @entity1 . The study involved @entity2316 @entity1 under HD treatment who signed an informed consent form. Blood samples before and after one HD session were collected, in order to analyze the expression of @entity2902 , @entity7986 and @entity8282 in T cells. We also quantified IL-12p70, @entity687 , @entity688 , @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity650 in serum samples using the Cytometric Bead Array technique. After the HD session, there was an increase in the @entity404 / @entity405 ratio due to significant alterations in both subsets. The relative percentage of @entity2902 + T cells and @entity405 + @entity2902 + increased significantly after the HD session, while the relative percentage of @entity7986 T cells decreased. There was a significant decrease of the @entity2902 Mean Fluorescence Intensity values for @entity404 + T, as well as in the case of @entity8282 in T cells after the HD session. Regarding cytokine synthesis, we found a significant increase in @entity688 and @entity650 and a decrease in @entity687 after HD session. This study showed that a HD session in @entity2316 @entity1 affects the T cell activation status in the two major subpopulations, and differentially modulates the production of inflammatory cytokines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Hemodialysis in @entity6 XXXX modulates inflammatory cytokine profile and T cell activation status.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The majority of the @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) show remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This is the result of @entity86 and b-cell secretion. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the importance of the preoperative b-cell function in T2DM for the chance of remission after RYGB. Fifteen @entity1 with and 18 without T2DM had 25 g oral (OGTT) and intravenous (IVGTT) @entity413 tolerance tests performed at inclusion, after a diet-induced @entity353 , and 4 and 18 months after RYGB. Postoperative first phase insulin secretion rate (ISR) during the IVGTT and b-cell @entity413 sensitivity during the OGTT increased in T2DM. @entity86 and the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) markedly increased in both groups. By stratifying the T2DM into two groups according to highest (T2DMhigh ) and lowest (T2DMlow ) baseline @entity894 , a restoration of first phase ISR and b-cell @entity413 sensitivity were seen only in T2DMhigh . Remission of @entity164 2 @entity6 was 71 and 38% in T2DMhigh and T2DMlow , respectively. Postoperative postprandial @entity6757 concentrations increased markedly, but did not differ between the groups. Our findings emphasize the importance of the preoperative of b-cell function for remission of @entity6 after RYGB.

title: Preoperative b-cell function in XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 is important for the outcome of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['disposition index', 'DI']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['increased postoperative insulin sensitivity', 'Postoperative insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique, feasibility and early complications of "Rome pouch" urinary diversion. METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive @entity1 affected by advanced or recurrent gynecological @entity5 who required anterior or total pelvectomy entered the study. Rome pouch technique starts with the transection of terminal ileum about 12 cm from the ileocecal valve; the large colon is transected 15-20 cm distal to the hepatic flexure. The intestinal wall tension and internal pressure are reduced using 5-8 transverse teniamyotomies of the cecum. The efferent segment of the pouch is created either with the appendix or with the distal ileum. Operative data, intra- and early @entity260 were recorded. RESULTS: Between February 2000 and March 2006, an ileocolonic urinary diversion (Rome pouch) was carried out in 35 @entity1 affected by advanced or recurrent gynecologic @entity5 . The average operative time to complete the anterior and total exenteration including reconstruction procedure was 285 (range, 230-350) and 320 (range 280-415) min, respectively. The average time in performing the Rome pouch technique was 60 min (range, 45-90). Overall postoperative complication rate (major and minor complications) was 82% (29 @entity1 ). Febrile morbidity occurred in 26 @entity1 (74%). Wound complications and pelvic collection were found in 7 (20%) and 6 (17%) @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Our experience demonstrated that Rome pouch technique represents a valid alternative in gynecology oncology for continent urinary diversion. This technique showed low rate of medical and early urologic complications. The simplicity of performing the procedure and the reduced operating time are the best goals reached by Rome pouch technique. Future comparative trials will better define the role that the Rome pouch will have in these @entity1 .

title: Continent ileocolonic urinary diversion (Rome pouch) for gynecologic XXXX : technique and feasibility.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: Background/Aims: @entity3478 ( @entity3478 ) is one of the most common @entity158 in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . Because of treatment-associated side effects, more than half of @entity5 @entity1 are reported to have inadequate and undermanaged @entity158 control. New mechanism-based therapies must be developed to reduce @entity5 . @entity1089 is a commonly used atypical antipsychotic drug. We report a study of the potential analgesic effects of @entity1089 in a @entity19 model of @entity3478 and examine the mechanism of @entity158 by analyzing the expression of various nociceptors. Methods: Fifteen male C3H/HeN @entity19 were arbitrarily divided into five groups: control and, @entity3478 with no treatment, @entity1089 treatment, opioid treatment, and @entity2493 treatment. The @entity19 were tested for mechanical @entity1931 by determining the nociceptive hind paw withdrawal pressure threshold. Tissues from tibia were removed and subjected to quantitative and qualitative evaluations of @entity4412 ( @entity4412 ), @entity18540 , @entity21296 ( @entity21296 ), @entity10871 , and @entity10872 expression. Results: Paw withdrawal pressure threshold was improved in the @entity1089 treatment group compared with the @entity3478 group. Expression of @entity4412 , @entity18540 , @entity21296 , @entity10871 , and @entity10872 in the @entity3478 with @entity1089 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the @entity3478 group. Conclusions: Our results suggest an analgesic effect of @entity1089 in the @entity3478 animal model and implicate TRPV and ASICs as potential targets for @entity5 management.

title: Analgesic effect of @entity1089 in a @entity19 model of XXXX -induced @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['CIBP', 'Cancer-induced bone pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity4412 :: ('193034(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transient receptor potential vanilloid 1', 'TRPV1']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain', 'pains']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity26026 ( @entity26026 ) from @entity1527 , the agent of @entity1526 , are virulence factors shed to the bloodstream that induces strong alterations in the immune system. Here we report that enzymatically active TS (aTS) or its lectin-like isoform (iTS) disturb CD4 T cell physiology inducing downregulation of Th1 cell functionality and in vivo cell-expansion. By using ovalbumin-specific DO11.10 cells as tracers of Th1-phenotype developing clones, we found that the infection induced significant amounts of IFN-y but low IL-2 and increased IL-4 production in vivo, in agreement with a mixed T helper response. Production of cytokines associated with Th2-phenotype was prevented by passive transference of TS-neutralizing antibodies. @entity26026 also reduced the T cell receptor signaling, assayed by Zap-70 phosphorylation. @entity26026 also reduced IL-2 and IFN-y secretion with a concomitant increased IL-4 production, then unbalancing the CD4 T cell response towards the Th2 phenotype. This effect was prevented with IL-10-neutralizing antibodies or by using IL10(-/-) antigen-presenting cells, supporting the subversion of this regulatory pathway. In support, @entity26026 stimulated IL-10 secretion by antigen-presenting cells during their interaction with CD4 T cells. When polarized cells were stimulated in the presence of @entity26026 , secretion of IL-2 and IFN-y was strongly downregulated in Th1 while IL-2 production was upregulated in Th2 cells. Although Th1 response is associated with host survival, it may simultaneously induce extensive damage to infected tissues. Thus, by delaying the elicitation of Th1-response and limit its effector properties, @entity26026 restrain cell response supporting @entity1527 colonization and persistence while favoring host survival.

title: XXXX trans-sialidase prevents Th1 elicitation via interleukin 10 and downregulates Th1 effector cells.

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity26026 :: ('MESH:C537366', 'Disease') :: ['trans-sialidases', 'TSs']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the effects of laser photocoagulation combined with subtenon injection of @entity2995 with photocoagulation alone, for @entity1103 . METHODS: This retrospective comparative study analyzed data for 34 eyes with @entity1103 treated with photocoagulation alone (n=17) or combined with @entity2713 (n=17). All @entity1 were followed for 6 months after the procedure. Laser photocoagulation included focal photocoagulation focused on microaneurysms and light grid photocoagulation spread over the @entity4 . Subtenon injection of @entity2713 (20 mg/0.5 cc) was performed in the superior-temporal conjunctiva. RESULTS: In the photocoagulation only group, the pretreatment mean visual acuity (VA) measured by the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) was 1.06+/-0.49. The number of laser spots was 34+/-10. The 6 -month post- treatment mean LogMAR was 1.13+/-0.60. In the photocoagulation combined with @entity2713 group, the pretreatment mean LogMAR was 1.31+/-0.49. The number of laser spots was 42+/-14. The 6 -month post- treatment mean LogMAR was 1.26+/-0.49. In the photocoagulation only group, 7 eyes had stable vision (improved, stable or loss of <2 lines) and 8 eyes had @entity1018 (loss>or=2 lines). In the photocoagulation combined with @entity2713 group, 15 eyes had stable vision and 2 eyes had @entity1018 . Fewer eyes had @entity1018 in the photocoagulation combined with @entity2713 group. (chi-square test, p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: This study, with a follow-up of 6 months, suggests that subtenon injection of @entity2713 combined with macular photocoagulation provides a better chance of stabilizing @entity1018 in @entity1 with @entity1103 than photocoagulation alone.

title: Laser photocoagulation combined with subtenon injection of @entity2995 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous retina']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cystoid macular edema', 'cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic cystoid macular edema']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated persistent @entity51 ( @entity51 ) and @entity6314 ( @entity6314 ) after mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomies ( @entity18661 ) and their association with @entity1 age at time of operation and eight additional variables. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 more than 2 years post- @entity18661 were identified and stratified by age: group 1, 10 to 19 years (n=16); group 2, 20 to 29 years (n=24); group 3, 30 to 39 years (n=30); group 4, older than 40 years (n=15). Mean mandibular advancement, incidence of "bad split," excessive @entity954 , nerve manipulation, removal of third molars, use of rigid fixation, simultaneous mandibular procedures, and associated @entity262 were documented for each group. A questionnaire modified from Zuniga was used to document the presence of persistent (2 years or longer) @entity51 and @entity6314 . Statistical analysis was performed to determine differences between groups. Logistic regression was used to evaluate each variable and determine its association with persistent @entity51 and @entity6314 . RESULTS: Persistent @entity51 by age was: group 1, 81%; group 2, 46%; group 3, 73%; group 4, 87%. The trend of increasing persistence with increasing age was not significant (P=.248). However, persistent @entity6314 with increasing age was highly significant (P=.003). The incidence of @entity6314 in group 4 was statistically greater than in the other groups (P < .001; P < .001; P=.004, respectively). Logistic regression identified @entity1 age and "bad splits" as associated with @entity6314 (P=.003; P=.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of persistent @entity6314 more than 2 years post- @entity18661 increases with increasing age in a predictable and highly significant manner. Presurgical counseling should address this issue. @entity6314 is also significantly associated with "bad splits." No other variables were found to be significant.

title: XXXX and functional impairment after sagittal ramus osteotomy: a long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['functional sensory deficit', 'FSD']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory deficit', 'NSD']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['Neurosensory deficit']


abstract: Postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity302 represent an understudied @entity1 population. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to characterize the impact of menopause on @entity410 activity and to conduct a health risk assessment. We conducted telephone interviews of 40 postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity302 concerning the effect of menopause on @entity410 frequency. We surveyed use of hormone replacement therapy, postmenopausal bone @entity174 , use of vitamins, and frequency of exercise. The average age and mean @entity410 duration were 55.8 and 27.6 years, respectively. Twenty-six @entity1 had onset of @entity410 activity before menopause. Of these 26, 3 reported fewer @entity410 after menopause, 7 reported more @entity410 , 11 reported no change, and 5 were unsure whether menopause affected their @entity410 . Only 30% of the 40 @entity1 were currently taking hormone replacement therapy. The impact of menopause on @entity410 activity was variable. @entity3604 and cardiovascular preventive measures are underutilized. @entity1 education on these protective measures should be part of the comprehensive treatment approach in this "at-risk" @entity1 population.

title: Characterization and health risk assessment of postmenopausal XXXX with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: In most trials, at least 50% of @entity1 with @entity2743 treated with antithyroid drugs (ATD) relapse after @entity3214 . At present, there are no definitive prognostic parameters available early in treatment to indicate those likely to achieve long-term remission. Because @entity5010 antibodies (TRAb) are specific for @entity2743 , the possibility that their rate of change early in treatment (0 to 6 months) might be such an indicator was explored. TRAb were measured both as thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) and as thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) in 85 @entity1 with untreated @entity2743 at 6-month intervals throughout their ATD treatment. The @entity1 in the study were treated for a minimum period of 12 months and were categorized retrospectively into two groups depending on whether or not they remained in remission after ATD treatment. Remission was deemed as reached in @entity1 who remained euthyroid for a minimum period of 15 months after cessation of ATD. The mean initial TBII and TSAb values in the nonremission group were significantly higher than in the remission group (p < 0.001 for both parameters). The rates of fall in mean TBII levels were similar for each group in the first 6 months of treatment, but while they continued to fall in the remission group over the next 6 to 12 months, mean values for the nonremission group plateaued and failed to fall to control levels within that period. These results indicate that changes in TRAb levels, measured either as TBII or TSAb, occur more rapidly in the second 6 months of treatment in @entity1 who ultimately achieve remission than those who do not. If TBII fall to control levels by 12 months, the @entity1 has at least a 70% chance of ultimately achieving remission with ATD treatment alone.

title: The prognostic value of XXXX antibody measurement in the early stages of treatment of @entity2743 with antithyroid drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['achieving euthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5010 :: ('7253', 'Gene') :: ['thyrotropin receptor']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

answer: @entity5010 :: (7253,Gene) :: ['thyrotropin receptor']


abstract: @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) is a chronic @entity6961 characterized by @entity1148 and increased megakaryocytes in bone marrow, @entity715 and/or @entity548 manifestations. We report here a ten-year experience in the treatment of @entity4407 with @entity18829 (A), a non mutagenic drug that inhibits megakaryocyte maturation. Between April 1991 and June 2001, 54 @entity4407 @entity1 were included with platelet counts > 900 x 10(9)/l in asymptomatic cases and > 600 x 10(9)/l in symptomatic ones. Age at diagnosis was 39 years (11-83). Previously 30 @entity1 had received treatment with @entity1862 , alpha INF, @entity1863 and/or 32P. At diagnosis 18 @entity1 had @entity3885 , 7 @entity715 , 8 @entity548 manifestations and 3 both @entity548 and @entity715 . Platelet counts at diagnosis were 1200 x 10(9)/l (600-3472) and before A 995 x 10(9)/l (520-2206). The follow-up from diagnosis was 68 months (9-172) and with A treatment 34 months (2-100). The A dose during the first week of treatment was 2.5 mg/d (1-3) and at maintenance 1.5 mg/d (1-3). Complete response was obtained in 96.3% cases, 77% with platelet counts < 400 x 10(9)/l, and 18.5% < 600 x 10(9)/l. The median time to obtain a complete response was 14 days. Transient adverse effects were present in 66% of @entity1 ( @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity1661 , palpitation and @entity4 ). Mild to moderate @entity417 developed within 2-8 months in 40% of @entity1 . During treatment 8 @entity1 had @entity3885 with platelet counts over 400 x 10(9)/l and 7 with normal values. One @entity1 developed @entity4018 . Five @entity1 died for reasons unrelated to @entity4407 . In conclusion, @entity18829 was effective in reducing platelet counts and preventing mayor @entity715 events.

title: [Treatment of essential XXXX with @entity18829 : a ten-year experience].

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['Essential thrombocythemia', 'ET']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity18829 :: ('MESH:C021139', 'Chemical') :: ['anagrelide']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative syndrome']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['thrombocythemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As treatment goals in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) evolve, targets now include clinical remission (CR), @entity33 ( @entity33 ) and biological remission [C-reactive protein normalisation (CRPnorm )]. AIMS: To evaluate the association of baseline factors and treatment with the achievement of different composite remission parameters at week 26. METHODS: This post hoc analysis of the SONIC trial evaluated different composite remission measures at week 26 in a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity30 activity index (CDAI) scores, CRP, and endoscopic data available at baseline and week 26 (N  =  188). Assessed composite remission measures were: CR (CDAI  <  150) and @entity33 (absence of any mucosal @entity1066 ), previously referred to as 'deep remission;' and alternative composite endpoints: CR  +  CRPnorm (CRP  <  0.8  mg/dL); CRPnorm   +  @entity33 ; and CR  +  CRPnorm   +  @entity33 . RESULTS: Among analysed @entity1 , 136/188 (72.3%) achieved CR and 90/188 (47.9%) achieved @entity33 at week 26. All composite outcomes were significantly greater (Bonferroni significance level, P   <=  0.016) with combination therapy (i.e. infliximab and @entity500 ; 52.3-63.6%) vs. @entity500 monotherapy (12.9-29.0%; p  <= 0.005 for all comparisons). Composite remission rates including @entity33 were significantly greater with combination therapy (52.3-56.9%) vs. infliximab (25.6-32.3%; P   <=  0.015 for all comparisons except CRPnorm   +  @entity33 , P  =  0.017) and vs. @entity500 monotherapy (12.9-20.4%; P   <=  0.002 for all comparisons). Median serum trough infliximab concentrations among @entity1 who achieved @entity33 or CR  +  @entity33 were greater when compared with those among @entity1 who did not achieve @entity33 (P  =  0.018) or CR  +  @entity33 (P  =  0.053). Among the subgroup of @entity1 with early @entity30 , @entity33 alone or in combination with composite remission criteria significantly improved clinical outcomes of @entity1 who received combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy was more effective in achieving various composite remission measures vs. @entity500 or infliximab monotherapy. These data illustrate that 'deep remission' is achievable with combination therapy in a high percentage of @entity1 with early @entity30 . ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00094458.

title: Randomised clinical trial: deep remission in biologic and immunomodulator na  ve @entity1 with XXXX - a SONIC post hoc analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1 @entity788 has an overall poor prognosis. Therapeutic efforts are often ineffective because of late diagnosis and a high degree of chemoresistance. Overexpression of @entity13898 in the pancreas of @entity19 causes the formation of @entity75 and the development of @entity420 . The aim of the present study was to explore regulation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic signals during @entity788 development in @entity19 . METHODS: EL-TGFalpha-hGH @entity19 crossbred to @entity899 -deficient @entity19 develop ductal @entity788 resembling the @entity1 disease. During the multistep carcinogenesis up-regulation of @entity26667 is evident early and persists throughout tumorigenesis as detected by Real Time PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Up-regulation of @entity26667 is evident early in @entity5 development and persists throughout tumorigenesis. The transcription factors @entity10433 and @entity1991 induce increased @entity26667 expression in the @entity75 and @entity5 cells. Inhibition of either transcription factor alone leads to @entity26667 down-regulation in transient transfection assays. Functional analysis shows that blocking of both @entity10433 and @entity1991 together induces programmed cell death in @entity19 @entity788 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that apoptosis resistance precedes formation of invasive @entity788 . Therefore, combined inhibition of @entity10433 and @entity1991 might represent a novel strategy for @entity5 prevention and therapy.

title: @entity10433 and XXXX activation prevents apoptosis in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13898 :: ('21802(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant ductal lesions', 'premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1991 :: (18033(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NF-kappaB']


abstract: Renal transplantation studies have indicated that some form of @entity8 underlies the development of @entity101 in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) @entity35 . In the present study, we compared renal hemodynamic and tubular function of conscious Dahl S and salt-resistant ( @entity5698 . Prehypertensive Dahl S @entity35 had a blunted natriuretic response to an intravenous isotonic @entity2827 load compared with the responses of normotensive Dahl R or @entity101 Dahl S @entity35 . This difference was probably not related to a generalized defect in @entity8 of @entity1372 and water, since prehypertensive Dahl S @entity35 excreted quantities of @entity1372 comparable to those of R or @entity101 S @entity35 when infused with hypertonic @entity2827 solutions. Dahl S @entity35 also elevated free water clearance and lowered urine osmolality similar to @entity5698 when challenged with a @entity2421 saline load. @entity8 and glomerular filtration rates were similar in prehypertensive Dahl S, @entity101 Dahl S, and Dahl @entity5698 . The possible link between @entity1372 retention and the development of @entity101 in Dahl S @entity35 was examined further by measuring the changes in @entity1372 and water balance, extracellular fluid volume (ECV), and blood pressure after exposure to an 8% @entity2827 diet. No differences could be detected in the salt and water balances of Dahl S and @entity5698 exposed to a high-salt diet for 14 days. ECV increased significantly by 10% in Dahl S @entity35 on the 1st day of a high-salt diet, whereas no change was observed in Dahl R animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Renal function and @entity1372 balance in conscious Dahl S and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular handling', 'Renal blood flows', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity5698 :: (10117,Species) :: ['R rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity739 ( @entity739 ) are severe @entity302 during infancy. The @entity8031 encodes the a1 subunit of the neuronal voltage-gated @entity1372 channels, and mutations in @entity8031 have been frequently detected in @entity3762 and @entity75 , which had similar symptoms as @entity739 . Therefore, we investigated the association of @entity8031 polymorphism with the @entity739 and the responsiveness to @entity4545 (ACTH) treatment in the present study. @entity1 AND METHODS: We totally collected 113 @entity739 @entity1 and and 122 age-matched healthy controls. All of the subjects were Han Chinese descent, and the 113 cases were further divided into subgroups of cryptogenic and symptomatic @entity1 . Nine tag SNPs within the @entity8031 gene were selected and genotyped by the direct sequencing of PCR-amplified products. The ACTH was then applied to all of the cases. RESULTS: Two SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium, @entity64768 and @entity64769 , were significantly associated with @entity739 under genotype model (p = 0.015). In addition, we also found that a 4-SNP haplotype ( @entity10356 ) which contains the aforementioned 2 SNPs, was associated with increased responsiveness to ACTH therapy in @entity739 (p = 0.018, OR = 4.8) under recessive model. Of the 2 subgroups of cases, more cryptogenic @entity1 responded to the ACTH treatment than the symptomatic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that genetic variants of the @entity8031 gene were associated with @entity739 and ACTH responsiveness.

title: Association of XXXX gene polymorphisms with infantile spasms and @entity4545 responsiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile spasms', 'IS']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']

answer: @entity8031 :: (6323,Gene) :: ['SCN1A']


abstract: The present study was aimed to investigate whether @entity4854 may alter the regulation of vascular natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR). The @entity4854 was induced in @entity35 by the treatment with @entity3839 (50 mg/kg, i.v.). The expression of different subtypes of NPR was determined in the thoracic aorta by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography. The isometric tension and the guanylyl cyclase activity of the isolated thoracic aorta in response to natriuretic peptides were also determined. Following the treatment with @entity3839 , the plasma concentration of @entity12579 (ANP) was significantly increased. The expression of @entity28353 was increased, while that of @entity28354 was reduced. The receptor binding study demonstrated an increased maximal binding capacity of NPR, with its affinity not significantly altered. The magnitude of vasodilation and guanylyl cyclase activity in response to ANP was significantly increased. On the other hand, the vasodilator response as well as the tissue formation of cGMP in response to @entity934 or @entity1854 was significantly reduced. These results indicate that the @entity4854 may cause an altered regulation of vascular NPR.

title: Augmented natriuretic peptide-induced guanylyl cyclase activity and vasodilation in experimental hyperglycemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: About 100   000 @entity1 present to hospitals each year in England with an @entity302 . How they are managed is unknown; thus, the National Audit of @entity410 management in Hospitals (NASH) set out to assess prior care, management of the acute event and follow-up of these @entity1 . This paper describes the data from the second audit conducted in 2013. SETTING: 154 @entity341 ( @entity341 ) across the UK. @entity1 : Data from 4544 attendances (median age of 45   years, 57% @entity1 ) showed that 61% had a prior diagnosis of @entity302 , 12% other neurological problems and 22% were first @entity410 cases. Each ED identified 30 consecutive adult cases presenting due to a @entity410 . PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Details were recorded of the @entity1 's prior care, management at hospital and onward referral to neurological specialists onto an online database. Descriptive results are reported at national level. RESULTS: Of those with @entity302 , 498 (18%) were on no antiepileptic drug therapy and 1330 (48%) were on monotherapy. Assessments were often incomplete and witness histories were sought in only 759 (75%) of first @entity410 @entity1 , 58% were seen by a senior doctor and 57% were admitted. For first @entity410 @entity1 , advice on further @entity410 management was given to 264 (27%) and only 55% were referred to a neurologist or @entity302 specialist. For each variable, there was wide variability among sites that was not explicable. For the sites who partook in both audits, there was a trend towards better care in 2013, but this was small and dwarfed by the intersite variability. CONCLUSIONS: These results have parallels with the Sentinel Audit of @entity64 performed a decade earlier. There is wide intersite variability in care covering the entire care pathway, and a need for better organised and accessible care for these @entity1 .

title: National Audit of @entity410 management in Hospitals (NASH): results of the national audit of XXXX in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizure', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['adult epilepsy']


abstract: The vasculature tailors to the needs of different tissues and organs. Molecular, structural, and functional specializations are observed in different vascular beds, but few genetic models give insight into how these differences arise. We identify a unique cerebrovascular mutation in the @entity3392 affecting the integrity of blood vessels supplying the brain. The @entity3392 bubblehead (bbh) mutant exhibits @entity1276 and severe cranial @entity548 during early embryogenesis, whereas blood vessels in other regions of the embryo appear intact. Here we show that @entity548 are associated with poor cerebral endothelial-mesenchymal contacts and an immature vascular pattern in the head. Positional cloning of bbh reveals a hypomorphic mutation in betaPix, a binding partner for the p21-activated kinase (Pak) and a @entity6370 exchange factor for Rac and @entity36343 . betaPix is broadly expressed during embryonic development and is enriched in the brain and in large blood vessels. By knockdown of specific betaPix splice variants, we show that they play unique roles in embryonic vascular stabilization or @entity1276 . Finally, we show that @entity64075 signaling is downstream of betaPix. These data identify an essential in vivo role for betaPix and @entity64075 during embryonic development and illuminate a previously unrecognized pathway specifically involved in cerebrovascular stabilization.

title: A betaPix XXXX signaling pathway regulates cerebral vascular stability in @entity3392 .

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

answer: @entity64075 :: (266749(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['Pak2a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5513 is the most common @entity5 in the cerebello-pontine angle. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present the results after surgery in 99 cases, and the natural course of the disease in 82 @entity1 followed for up to 20 years (mean 3 years). RESULTS: During the observation period, 43% of the @entity5 increased in size. 36% of @entity1 suffered increasing @entity393 . Total removal was accomplished in 92 cases. In 12 cases hearing preservation was attempted; successfully in five cases. 72 @entity1 had normal or near normal postoperative facial nerve function, whereas 19 @entity1 got a @entity3541 . Two @entity1 died, one because of @entity1779 and @entity4 , and one because of @entity2224 . Five @entity1 had to be reoperated for CSF leakage. INTERPRETATION: @entity5513 treatment is still a challenge. We favour a team approach to treat this condition.

title: [Treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['Acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar swelling']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic infarction']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: The Helex Septal Occluder is a new device used to close @entity118 via interventional catheterization. In order to study the role of echocardiography during its use, and to describe the morphologic variants of defects suitable for closure with this occluder, we evaluated all @entity1 undergoing intended closure of an @entity118 with the Helex occluder. A combination of transthoracic, transesophageal, three-dimensional, and intracardiac echocardiography were used before, during, and after the procedure to characterize anatomy, assess candidacy for closure, guide the device during its deployment, and evaluate results. Among the 60 candidates included in the study, 11 were excluded because of transesophageal echocardiographic and/or catheterization data obtained in the laboratory. Attempts at closure were successful in 46 @entity1 , and unsuccessful in 3. We successfully treated four types of defects. These were defects positioned centrally within the oval fossa with appreciable rims along the entire circumference of the defect, @entity942 or absent segments of the rim, defects with @entity439 of the primary @entity955 , and defects with multiple fenestrations. Follow-up transthoracic echocardiograms taken at a median of 7 months demonstrated no residual defects in 21, trivial residual defects in 17, and small residual defects in 8 @entity1 . In 20 @entity1 , three-dimensional reconstructions were used to characterize the morphology of the defect and the position of the device. Because transesophageal echocardiography was often limited by acoustic interference from the device, intracardiac echocardiography was utilized in 3 cases to overcome this limitation.

title: Echocardiographic considerations during deployment of the Helex Septal Occluder for closure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septum']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['defects with deficient']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: Extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary radiologic features of @entity6924 and @entity120 ( @entity120 ) and the clinical expressions that coincide with the radiologic features of these 2 forms of @entity120 have not previously been characterized. Computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) utilized GE High Speed Advantage or Siemens Evolution electron beam tomographic (EBT) scanners in 31 @entity1 with @entity358 (PVD) (group A: 12 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ; mean age 38 +/- 4 years) and in 13 @entity1 with @entity120 -acyanotic PVD (group B: mean age 30 +/- 3 years). Ten group A and 3 group B @entity1 underwent imaging twice, yielding 57 studies. Group A @entity1 ' extrapulmonary radiologic features included proximal pulmonary arteries that were consistently enlarged, and were aneurysmal in 13%, causing @entity2850 and @entity891 . @entity715 were uniformly present and mild in 71% and moderate to massive in 29% of @entity1 . Massive proximal @entity715 caused asphyxic death and augmented right-to-left shunts by increasing flow resistance. Mild to extensive mural @entity730 occurred in 26% of @entity1 . Intrapulmonary radiologic features included @entity1188 , @entity548 , @entity2488 , and @entity2295 . Group B @entity1 ' extrapulmonary radiologic features included proximal pulmonary arteries that were consistently enlarged but not aneurysmal and devoid of @entity715 . Mild to extensive mural @entity730 occurred in 23% of these @entity1 . Intrapulmonary radiologic features were confined to mosaic attenuation and @entity2488 .

title: Proximal pulmonary arterial and intrapulmonary radiologic features of @entity6924 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intrapulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial/systemic arterial collaterals', 'bronchial/systemic collaterals']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularity']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PPH', 'primary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial compression']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific deposits']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['cyanotic pulmonary vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['intrapulmonary embolic infarction']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'Thromboses']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['primary pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to employ a new three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and modeling method to measure displacement of undisplaced @entity2249 ( @entity5 and II). We also aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Garden classification for determining the displacement of undisplaced @entity2249 .A total of 120 consecutive @entity1 with undisplaced @entity2249 were enrolled between 2012 and 2014, including 60 within the Garden I group and 60 within the Garden II group. The displacements of the femoral head center (d1) and the lowest point of the fovea capitis femoris (d2) and rotational displacement of the femoral head (a) in the 3D model were measured with 3D computed tomography reconstruction and modeling. Five observers, @entity130 surgeons, were asked to found the centers of the femoral heads and the deepest points of the foveae. The intraobserver and inter-observer agreements were calculated using Fleiss' kappa.The inter-observer and intra-observer kappa values were 0.937 and 0.985, respectively. Current method has good reliability. We discovered that many @entity1 in our study had been misclassified by an anterior-posterior radiograph as having an "incomplete" @entity174 . In incomplete @entity174 of Garden stage I group, the average displacements d1 and d2 were 3.69  1.77mm and 14.51  1.91mm, respectively. The mean a was 4.91    2.49  . For impacted @entity174 of Garden stage I, significant spatial displacement in the impacted @entity174 was observed (d1: 6.22  3.36mm; d2: 10.30  5.73mm; and a: 17.83      10.72  ). Similarly, significant spatial displacement was observed among the Garden stage II group (d1: 7.16  4.58mm; d2: 12.95  8.25mm; and a: 18.77      9.10  ). There was no significant difference in a, d1, and d2 between impacted @entity174 and Garden stage II groups (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were found between incomplete @entity174 and Garden stage II groups (P < 0.05).Our findings suggest that 3D reconstruction and modeling may be a better tool for assessing @entity2249 than the Garden classification. Undisplaced @entity2249 showed @entity572 and were not undisplaced, stable @entity174 . Garden classification for undisplaced @entity2249 has certain limitations.

title: Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Modeling of the Spatial Displacement, Extent and Rotational Orientation of Undisplaced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Garden stages I']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['variable degrees of displacement']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['Femoral Neck Fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The spectrum of injury associated with anterior @entity2980 (SWs) is well established. The literature on the spectrum of organ injury associated with SWs to the posterior abdomen, however, is limited. METHODS: We reviewed our experience of 105 consecutive @entity1 who had established indications for laparotomy managed over a 4-year period in a high volume @entity130 service in South Africa. RESULTS: Of the 105 @entity1 , 97 (92%) were male and the overall mean age was 24 years. Fifty-seven @entity1 (54%) had immediate indications for laparotomy. The remaining 48 @entity1 (46%) initially underwent active clinical observation and the indications for laparotomy became apparent during the observation period. Of the 105 laparotomies performed, 94 (90%) were positive and 11 (10%) were negative. Of the 94 positive laparotomies, 92 were therapeutic and 2 were non-therapeutic. A total of 176 organ injuries were identified: 50 (53%) of the 94 @entity1 sustained a single organ injury while the remaining 44 (47%) sustained multiple organ injuries. The most commonly injured organs were the colon (n=63), spleen (n=21) and kidney (n=19). CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of intra-abdominal injuries secondary to SWs to the posterior abdomen is different to that seen with the anterior abdomen. @entity1049 is most commonly encountered, followed by injuries to the spleen and kidney. Clinicians must remain vigilant because of the potential for occult injuries.

title: The spectrum of injuries resulting from posterior XXXX : a South African experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic injury']

entities_list: @entity2980 :: ('MESH:D014951', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal stab wounds']

answer: @entity2980 :: (MESH:D014951,Disease) :: ['abdominal stab wounds']


abstract: Endogenous active plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was targeted in vivo with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that redirect its reaction with proteinases to the substrate branch. mAbs were used as an adjunct to prourokinase (single-chain [sc] urokinase [ @entity3730 ]) intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) of @entity803 -induced @entity130 in @entity95 . Outcomes of scuPA IPFT (0.25 or 0.0625 mg/kg) with 0.5 mg/kg of mouse IgG or mAbs (MA-33H1F7 and MA-8H9D4) were assessed at 24 hours. Pleural fluid (PF) was collected at 0, 10, 20, and 40 minutes and 24 hours after IPFT and analyzed for plasminogen activating (PA), @entity3730 , fibrinolytic activities, levels of total plasmin/plasminogen, a-macroglobulin (aM), mAbs/IgG antigens, free active @entity3730 , and aM/ @entity3730 complexes. Anti-PAI-1 mAbs, but not mouse IgG, delivered with an eightfold reduction in the minimal effective dose of scuPA (from 0.5 to 0.0625 mg/kg), improved the outcome of IPFT (P < 0.05). mAbs and IgG were detectable in PFs at 24 hours. Compared with identical doses of scuPA alone or with IgG, treatment with scuPA and anti-PAI-1 mAbs generated higher PF @entity3730 amidolytic and PA activities, faster formation of aM/ @entity3730 complexes, and slower @entity3730 inactivation. However, PAI-1 targeting did not significantly affect intrapleural fibrinolytic activity or levels of total plasmin/plasminogen and aM antigens. Targeting PAI-1 did not induce @entity548 , and rendered otherwise ineffective doses of scuPA able to improve outcomes in @entity803 -induced @entity130 . PAI-1-neutralizing mAbs improved IPFT by increasing the durability of intrapleural PA activity. These results suggest a novel, well-tolerated IPFT strategy that is tractable for clinical development.

title: Targeting of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 improves fibrinolytic therapy for @entity803 -induced XXXX in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pleural injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['pleural injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and prognosis of @entity1 who develop brain @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical and @entity5 registry records of 611 @entity1 treated at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 1965 and 2000 for a @entity242 , @entity521 , or @entity3969 were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 (4.9%) were found to have brain @entity3 . @entity75 occurred in 9 of 113 (8%) @entity521 , 7 of 104 (6.7%) @entity980 , 6 of 105 (5.7%) @entity2828 , 5 of 106 (4.7%) @entity421 , 2 of 83 (2.4%) nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue @entity242 , and 1 of 100 (1%) @entity3969 @entity1 . There were 22 male and 8 female @entity1 , with a median age of 14 years at the time of diagnosis of brain @entity3 (range 8 months-20 years). Four @entity1 were diagnosed at autopsy, whereas five had brain @entity3 at initial diagnosis. For the 25 @entity1 who did not have brain @entity3 at initial presentation, the median interval from initial diagnosis to development of brain @entity3 was 5 months (range 1-43 months). Twenty-nine (97%) had concurrent or prior history of distant @entity3 . Eighteen (60%) had solitary brain @entity3 . Treatment for the 26 non-autopsy-diagnosed @entity1 included surgery (S), followed by postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) in 2, S and postoperative RT in 1, RT and @entity7730 in 16, S alone in 2, @entity7730 alone in 2, RT alone in 1, and no treatment in 2. Median survival was 4 months after diagnosis of brain @entity3 , with a 1-year survival rate of 11.5%. On multivariate analysis, only the use of RT was found to positively influence freedom from neurologic progression (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: @entity75 is uncommon in @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity242 , @entity521 , or @entity3969 and is often accompanied by concurrent distant disease. @entity1 treated with RT for brain @entity3 had a better freedom from neurologic progression rate than those who did not receive radiotherapy.

title: @entity75 in XXXX with @entity242 , @entity521 , and @entity3969 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain metastasis']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was designed to assess the beneficial effects of high-dose ( @entity3875 ) @entity560 supplementation on metabolic profiles and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant @entity1 at risk for @entity1468 . This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed among 60 pregnant @entity1 at risk for @entity1468 according to abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveform. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive 50   000 IU @entity560 supplements (n=30) or receive placebo (n=30) every 2 weeks from 20 to 32 weeks of gestation. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline study and 12 weeks after the intervention to quantify relevant variables. Newborn's anthropometric measurements were determined. Pregnant @entity1 who received @entity3875 supplements had significantly increased serum @entity14257 concentrations (+17.92  2.28 vs. +0.27  3.19   ng/ml, p<0.001) compared with the placebo. The administration of @entity3875 supplements, compared with the placebo, resulted in significant differences in serum insulin concentrations (+1.08  6.80 vs. +9.57  10.32    IU/ml, p<0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (+0.19  1.47 vs. +2.10  2.67, p<0.001), homeostatic model assessment-beta cell function (HOMA-B) (+5.82  29.58 vs. +39.81  38.00, p<0.001) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) score (-0.009  0.03 vs. -0.04  0.03, p=0.004). Furthermore, @entity3875 -supplemented pregnant @entity1 had increased HDL- @entity165 concentrations (+2.67        8.83 vs. -3.23  7.76   mg/dl, p=0.008) compared with the placebo. Finally, @entity3875 supplementation led to a significant rise in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (+79.00  136.69 vs. -66.91  176.02   mmol/l, p=0.001) compared with the placebo. Totally, the administration of @entity3875 supplements among pregnant @entity1 at risk for @entity1468 for 12 weeks had favorable effects on insulin metabolism parameters, serum HDL- @entity165 , and plasma TAC concentrations.

title: Effects of High-Dose @entity560 Supplementation on Metabolic Status and Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant @entity1 at Risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['Pre-Eclampsia']


abstract: Surgical treatment of @entity1737 should include the complete resection of the thymus with the whole fatty tissue adherent to the pericardium for immunologic as well as oncologic reasons. The aim of the current study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of robotic approach. A total of 18 @entity1 with @entity1737 (mean age 44 years) have been operated robotically via a left-sided approach. Preoperative MGFA ( @entity1737 Foundation of America) classification was: Class I n=4, Class IIa n=4, Class IIb n=5, and Class IIIa n=3, IIIb n=2. Total endoscopic resection was feasible in 17/18 @entity1 . One @entity1 had to be converted due to @entity548 . In the remaining @entity1 , operative time was 175 min, intensive care unit (ICU) one day, hospital stay four days. In all @entity1 it was possible to perform an extended thymic resection. MGFA post-intervention status after a mean of 18 months follow-up showed complete stable remission n=5, pharmacologic remission n=4, minimal manifestations n=5, unchanged n=1. Complete endoscopic thymus surgery with the da Vinci surgical system enables a complete and extended resection of all thymic tissue in the mediastinum. Due to the minimal @entity130 , @entity1 can return to full activity within a short time.

title: Extended videoscopic robotic thymectomy with the da Vinci telemanipulator for the treatment of XXXX : the Vienna experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis', 'Myasthenia Gravis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of second-line treatment after failure of @entity902 -based chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 is limited. Based on encouraging preclinical and clinical phase I data, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of the combination of @entity1311 and @entity2239 in these @entity1 . METHODS: In this trial, @entity1 having failed to respond to prior @entity902 -based combination treatment of @entity5 were treated with @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2) i.v., 3-weekly) and the @entity3470 -inhibitor @entity2239 (10 mg p.o., once daily). The @entity1 were treated until @entity5 progression or until a maximum of 6 cycles was completed. A one-stage design was used to evaluate the objective response rate (ORR) as the primary endpoint. RESULTS: A total of 27 @entity1 (67% male; median age 63 years) were enrolled. The most frequent grade III/IV @entity137 were @entity417 (28%), @entity1897 (28%), and @entity1295 (24%). No treatment-related @entity204 were reported. Complete and partial remissions were observed in 0/24 and 3/24 @entity1 eligible for efficacy analysis, respectively (ORR 13%). Progression-free survival was 2.9 months [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.9-4.2], and the median overall survival was 5.6 months (95% CI 4.8-10.2). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity2239 has not achieved the expected efficacy in second-line treatment of @entity5 and should not be further explored.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Second-Line Treatment of Advanced @entity5 with XXXX and @entity2239 in a German Phase II Trial (AUO Trial AB 35/09).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: So far, clinical studies in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) have failed to meet their primary efficacy endpoints. To some extent this might be attributable to the choice of assessments or to the selection of the study population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify outcome influencing factors by analyzing the design and methods of previous randomized studies in @entity15 @entity1 without restriction to intervention or comparator. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS and the COCHRANE Central Register of Controlled Trials (inception to February 2015). Keywords included @entity15 , primary progressive @entity15 and @entity19383 . Randomized, controlled trials of at least one year's duration were selected if they included only @entity1 with @entity15 or if they reported sufficient @entity15 subgroup data. No restrictions with respect to intervention or comparator were applied. Study quality was assessed by a biometrics expert. Relevant baseline characteristics and outcomes were extracted and compared. RESULTS: Of 52 @entity15 studies identified, four were selected. Inclusion criteria were notably different among studies with respect to both the definition of @entity15 and the requirements for the presence of disability progression at enrolment. Differences between the study populations included the baseline lesion load, pretreatment status and disease duration. The rate of disease progression may also be an important factor, as all but one of the studies included a large proportion of @entity1 with a low progression rate. In addition, the endpoints specified could not detect progression adequately. CONCLUSION: Optimal @entity15 study methods involve appropriate @entity1 selection, especially regarding the @entity15 phenotype and progression rate. Functional composite endpoints might be more sensitive than single endpoints in capturing progression.

title: Evaluation of Study and @entity1 Characteristics of Clinical Studies in XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['PPMS', 'multiple sclerosis', 'primary progressive MS']

entities_list: @entity19383 :: ('MESH:D020528', 'Disease') :: ['chronic progressive multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity19383 :: (MESH:D020528,Disease) :: ['Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: The present study aimed at determining the contamination of @entity13367 grown in Germany with relevant bacterial organisms. Seasonal variations were examined. For that purpose, mussel samples were taken regularly between June 2004 and May 2005 in seven shellfish-growing areas of the German Wadden Sea. A total of 90 samples were analysed. The analysis included the compulsory microbiological parameters @entity526 and @entity5746 spp., as well as the determination of the contamination with Vibrio spp. Although the analysed mussels complied with the legislation in force, potential @entity1 pathogens were detected in a wide range of samples. Vibrio spp. was detected in 74.4% of the samples analysed in this study. Among Vibrio isolates, @entity12671 was the species most frequently detected (51.2%), followed by @entity8966 (39.5%). @entity5345 was detected in 3.5% of the samples. @entity8966 and @entity5345 were not found in samples collected at low water temperatures. The results indicate that @entity13367 from shellfish-growing areas in the German Wadden Sea regularly contain pathogens relevant to public health. They also show that @entity526 is not a reliable indicator for the contamination with Vibrio spp. To improve consumer protection, it therefore seems necessary to extend the analysis of mussels for direct @entity1 consumption by additional parameters.

title: Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in XXXX ( @entity13367 ) from the German Wadden Sea.

entities_list: @entity12671 :: ('663', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio alginolyticus']

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus', 'V. parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity5345 :: ('672', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio vulnificus', 'V. vulnificus']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity13367 :: (6550,Species) :: ['blue mussels']


abstract: An open trial was conducted to study the potential efficacy of @entity2812 , a novel antiepileptic agent that blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels and inhibits the release of @entity2227 , in relieving the @entity158 associated with @entity3949 . Subsequent to a 1 week washout period from previous analgesics, @entity2812 was administered at a dose of 25 mg/day for 1 week. The dose was doubled on a weekly basis up to 400 mg/day over 6 weeks. The @entity158 questionnaire (MPQ), spontaneous @entity158 and a series of mechanical and thermal stimuli-induced @entity158 were measured with the use of 0-100 visual analogue scale (VAS), on seven office visits. @entity158 level was also recorded by each @entity1 twice daily, 1 week before, during, and 2 weeks after the treatment period with the use of a 0-10 @entity158 ( @entity158 ). Quantitative mechanical (Von Frey filaments) and thermal testing (QTT), and routine blood tests were performed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Thirteen @entity1 completed the study. @entity158 measured by VAS and @entity158 gradually dropped from a baseline of 49 +/- 8 and 6.8 +/- 0.6, to 20 +/- 8.6 (p < 0.001) and 4.3 +/- 0.9 (p < 0.001), respectively, at the end of the treatment period. Similarly, cold @entity1931 dropped from 38 +/- 9.2 to 16 +/- 15.3 (p = 0.01), and the MPQ score from 13.6 +/- 0.8 to 11.0 +/- 1.5 (p < 0.01). In contrast, no significant changes were found in the QTT, @entity158 thresholds and laboratory results. Two @entity1 were withdrawn from the study because of adverse effects. A long-term follow up showed that most @entity1 were still using @entity2812 6 months after the end of the study. The results of the study suggest that @entity2812 is potentially effective and safe in treating @entity3949 . Copyright Rapid Science Ltd

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity3949 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy', 'diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['McGill pain', 'numerical pain scale', 'Pain', 'mechanical pain', 'Spontaneous pain', 'pain', 'NPS']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['Lamotrigine']


abstract: The records of a total of 102 @entity1 who underwent primary total hip replacement during 1987-88 were evaluated retrospectively. 36 @entity1 had donated 1-3 units of whole blood preoperatively. Surgery was performed with the use of a device for @entity954 ( @entity954 ). Another 25 @entity1 without preoperative autologous blood donation were operated with the use of @entity954 . None of these techniques was available for the remaining 41 @entity1 . The mean perioperative @entity190 and the mean volume of transfused blood were 1400 ml and 1000 ml respectively. Equal quantities of blood were lost intra- and postoperatively, whereas only one fifth of transfused blood was given intraoperatively. Homologous blood transfusion was not required in 32% of the @entity1 for whom autologous blood was not available. However after preoperative autologous blood donation, 95% of the 2-unit donors and 100% of the 3-unit donors could be operated without homologous blood transfusion. Autologous blood donation did not increase the need for homologous blood transfusions. With the use of @entity954 it was only 20% of the @entity1 that at least 500 ml of blood were salvaged for retransfusion. On the basis of these findings, elective primary total hip replacement would seem to be the ideal operation to be performed after preoperative autologous blood donation and, whenever possible with the use of @entity954 . The desirable ratio of 1,5:1 for the units of blood to be crossmatched preoperatively vs. units transfused perioperatively can be achieved solely by preoperative donation of 3 units of autologous blood.

title: [Preoperative autologous blood donation and XXXX in first implantation of hip endoprostheses--a retrospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative autotransfusion', 'IAT']

answer: @entity954 :: (MESH:D016063,Disease) :: ['intraoperative autotransfusion']


abstract: AIM:     The relationship between sugar consumption and @entity1547 has been researched extensively for many years. The individual drive for the consumption of sweet food is controlled by a variety of biologic, psychologic, and sociologic factors. Sweet preference has been linked to bitter taste sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil, a heritable trait. The present study investigates the association between inherited taste sensitivity to 6-n-popylthiouracil and dental @entity1547 experience in 15-year-old school @entity1 . METHODS:     Two hundred 15-year-old school @entity1 from randomly selected schools in Bangalore, India, participated in the study. Data were collected regarding demographic factors and socioeconomic status by personal interviews with the @entity1 . Sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil was determined using Tepper filter paper method, and the responses were recorded on the labeled magnitude scale. Each @entity1 was examined thoroughly for oral hygiene status and @entity1547 experience. Appropriate statistical tests, such as chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis test, were used to analyze the data. RESULTS:     Non-tasters were significantly associated with @entity1547 experience (P   <   0.001). The decayed component in non-tasters (3.43        2.18) was statistically significant when compared to tasters (2.86        1.58 medium tasters, 1.50      0.55 supertasters). CONCLUSIONS:     After all associated factors were controlled, 6-n-propylthiouracil taste status was the only independent variable significantly related to overall @entity1547 experience.

title: Caries experience in 15-year-old school XXXX in Bangalore with inherited taste sensitivity levels to 6-n-propylthiouracil: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administration of 13-cis @entity1968 ( @entity10211 ) for acne is occasionally accompanied by @entity407 . It is not known why some @entity1 develop this side effect. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity10211 triggers a familial susceptibility to @entity407 and the @entity209 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison. SETTING: University hospital in Lausanne, Switzerland. @entity1 : 102 @entity1 in whom @entity412 levels increased at least 1.0 mmol/L (> or =89 mg/dL) (hyperresponders) and 100 @entity1 in whom @entity412 levels changed 0.1 mmol/L (< or =9 mg/dL) or less (nonresponders) during @entity10211 therapy for acne. Parents of 71 hyperresponders and 60 nonresponders were also evaluated. MEASUREMENTS: Waist-to-hip ratio; fasting @entity413 , insulin, and lipid levels; and @entity2204 genotype. RESULTS: Hyperresponders and nonresponders had similar pretreatment body weight and plasma lipid levels. When reevaluated approximately 4 years after completion of @entity10211 therapy, hyperresponders were more likely to have @entity2298 ( @entity412 level > 2.0 mmol/L [>177 mg/dL]; odds ratio [OR], 4.8 [95% CI, 1.6 to 13.8]), @entity1007 ( @entity165 level > 6.5 mmol/L [>252 mg/dL]; OR, 9.1 [CI, 1.9 to 43]), @entity28 (waist-to-hip ratio > 0.90 [OR, 11.0 (CI, 2.0 to 59]), and @entity3190 (insulin- @entity413 ratio > 7.2; OR, 3.0 [CI, 1.6 to 5.7]). In addition, more hyperresponders had at least one parent with @entity2298 (OR, 2.6 [CI, 1.2 to 5.7]) or a ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 that exceeded 4.0 (OR, 3.5 [CI, 1.5 to 8.0]). Lipid response to @entity10211 was closely associated with the @entity2204 gene. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who develop @entity2298 during @entity10211 therapy for acne, as well as their parents, are at increased risk for future @entity407 and the @entity209 .

title: High risk for XXXX and the @entity209 after an episode of @entity2298 during 13-cis @entity1968 therapy for acne: a pharmacogenetic study.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['truncal obesity']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim was to compare the self-perceived oral health, periodontal inflammatory conditions and socioeconomic status (SES) in @entity1 with and without @entity5710 . METHODS: Thirty-nine individuals [19 @entity1 with @entity5710 (test group) and 20 control individuals (control group)], at least 20 years old were included. Plaque index, @entity548 on probing, probing depth (4 to <6 mm and >= 6 mm) and number of missing teeth were recorded. Fasting blood @entity413 levels were recorded, and marginal @entity604 was measured on radiographs. SES, education status, self-perceived oral health, family history of @entity6 and @entity286 habits were also investigated. RESULTS: Mean ages of individuals in the test and control groups were 40.6 and 42.3 years, respectively. Plaque index, @entity548 on probing, probing depth (4 to <6 mm and >= 6 mm) and number of missing teeth were higher in the test group as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Premolar and molar marginal @entity604 was higher in the test group as compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Self-perceived @entity548 gums was more often reported by individuals in the test group as compared with the control group. A poor SES and education status was higher among individuals in the test group as compared with the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Self-perceived @entity548 and clinical periodontal @entity32 were severe in @entity1 with @entity5710 as compared with controls. An underprivileged SES aggravated periodontal conditions in @entity1 with @entity5710 .

title: Comparison of self-perceived oral health, periodontal inflammatory conditions and socioeconomic status in individuals with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['prediabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The administration of solutions rich in branched-chain @entity1522 leads to mental recovery from acute @entity99 in @entity1 with @entity1575 . However, the mechanism of action of branched-chain @entity1522 remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous infusion of branched-chain @entity1522 on brain perfusion in @entity1 with @entity1575 . METHODS: Single photon emission computed tomography scans were performed in 14 @entity1 with @entity1575 before and after the administration of branched-chain @entity1522 in a single-day split-dose protocol. The per cent change in regional brain perfusion was calculated in high frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes and cerebellum. Thereafter, statistical parametric mapping was performed to identify brain regions with abnormal cerebral perfusion. RESULTS: Intravenous infusion of solutions enriched with branched-chain @entity1522 induced a 13-20% increase in regional cerebral blood flow. Cirrhotic @entity1 had regions of significant hypoperfusion, as determined by statistical parametric mapping, in the left superior parietal and posterior cingulate as compared to the control group. This hypoperfusion of parietal and cingulate regions was not detected after treatment with solutions of branched-chain @entity1522 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that administration of solutions enriched with branched-chain @entity1522 improves cerebral perfusion in @entity1 with @entity82 .

title: Improvement of regional cerebral blood flow after treatment with branched-chain amino acid solutions in XXXX with @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy between laparoscopic and open surgery in the treatment of @entity1820 ( @entity356 ), and to explore the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic resection for @entity356 . METHODS: Clinical data of 226 @entity356 @entity1 confirmed by pathology with maximal @entity5 diameter less than 10 cm undergoing operation in our department from January 2002 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 158 @entity1 received laparoscopic surgery(laparoscopic group), and 68 open surgery (open group). Related indicators of clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Laparoscopic group @entity1 were further divided into 4 groups according to chronological order, including 39 @entity1 in group A, 39 in group B, 39 in group C and 41 in group D. Operating time was compared among 4 groups. RESULTS: Compared with the open group, laparoscopic group had shorter operation time [(138.8  69.2) min vs. (173.3  74.5) min, P=0.001], less @entity954 [30 ml vs. 125 ml, P=0.000], faster recovery to postoperative first flatus [(3.2  1.1) d vs. (3.8  1.1) d, P=0.000] and resumption of oral intake [(3.9  1.5) d vs. (4.7  1.5) d, P=0.000], and a shorter hospital stay [(8.1  2.3) d vs. (10.0  2.6) d, P=0.001]. The operation time of laparoscopic group A, B, C and D was (181.0  81.2) min, (124.7  57.8) min, (126.9  67.9) min and (123.4  51.8) min respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(F=7.188, P=0.001). Median follow-up time of 226 @entity1 was 32 months(5 to 104 months). In laparoscopic group, 136 cases(86.1%) received follow-up, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival were 98.7%, 90.7% and 72.8% respectively. In the open group, 59 cases (86.8%) received follow-up, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival were 98.3%, 87.1% and 83.1%, respectively. The survival between two groups were not significantly different(P=0.164). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery removing @entity356 with a maximal diameter of less than 10 cm is safe and feasible. The learning curve of laparoscopic @entity356 surgery is about 40 cases.

title: [Clinical efficacy comparison between laparoscopic and open surgery in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: The polysaccharide capsule of @entity328 and several well-characterized virulence proteins are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity66 . However, there is a paucity of data on the expression of their respective genes in vivo. In this study, the relative abundance of the mRNA transcripts of the genes encoding pneumolysin (ply), @entity7251 ( @entity7251 ), pneumococcal surface antigen A (psaA) and @entity1877 -binding protein A (cbpA), and of the first gene of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis locus (cps2A), was measured in virulent type 2 pneumococci harvested from the blood of BALB/c @entity19 at 12 h and 24 h following intraperitoneal @entity281 . The mRNA levels were then compared, using relative quantitative RT-PCR, with those present in organisms grown in serum broth. The expression of ply was upregulated threefold at 12 h, and 10-fold at 24 h post- @entity281 ; the expression of @entity7251 and psaA was upregulated threefold and fivefold, respectively, at 12 h post- @entity281 . Interestingly, the expression of @entity7251 was 36-fold higher at 24 h post- @entity281 whereas the expression of cps2A was upregulated approximately fourfold at 12 and 24 h post- @entity281 . However, cbpA mRNA levels remained comparable in vivo and in vitro. When organisms were grown in whole blood or THY broth, the relative expression of these genes in the two growth media also differed markedly. This work provides direct molecular evidence that known virulence-associated genes of @entity2260 are differentially expressed in vivo. Data on the relative expression of these genes in different growth media also suggests that the regulation of expression of these genes is highly complex and multifactorial.

title: The genes encoding virulence-associated proteins and the capsule of XXXX are upregulated and differentially expressed in vivo.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7251 :: ('20387(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['pspA', 'pneumococcal surface protein A']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed: (i) to characterize reflex responses from peripheral and central chemoreceptors in different age groups of healthy @entity1 (<50  years old vs >= 50  years old) and, (ii) to assess, within these groups, whether there is any relationship between ventilatory and hemodynamic responses from chemoreceptors and indices of autonomic nervous system (ANS). METHODS: Peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity was assessed by the transient @entity519 method and respiratory, @entity551 responses were calculated. Central chemoreflex sensitivity was assessed by the rebreathing method and respiratory response was calculated. ANS was assessed using @entity299 variability indices and baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ). RESULTS: Sixty-seven healthy @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: <50  years (n  =  38, mean age: 32      10  years) and >= 50  years (n  =  29, mean age: 61      8  years). There were no differences in respiratory response from central and peripheral chemoreceptors between the older and younger groups of healthy males. We found a significantly different pattern of hemodynamic responses from peripheral chemoreceptors between the older and the younger groups. The former expressed attenuated @entity299 acceleration and exaggerated blood pressure increase in response to transient @entity519 . Blunted @entity299 response was related to reduced @entity4375 and sympathovagal imbalance characterized by reduced vagal tone. Blood pressure responses seemed to be independent of sympathovagal balance and @entity4375 . INTERPRETATION: Ageing impacts hemodynamic rather than respiratory response from chemoreceptors. Impaired arterial baroreflex and sympathovagal imbalance related to ageing may contribute to decreased @entity299 response, but not to increased blood pressure response from peripheral chemoreceptors.

title: Age-related reflex responses from peripheral and central chemoreceptors in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HR', 'heart rate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate (HR) and blood pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: In Norway, doctors may make the decision to refer @entity1 to involuntary @entity146 treatment. This is a difficult decision, as it involves a range of medical, legal and ethical challenges. The decision to commit is presumed based on an independent assessment of the @entity1 and whether a set of medico-legal criteria is met. Aims: To examine characteristics of GPs that admitted @entity1 involuntarily to a @entity146 hospital, and to examine how the GPs assessed this process. Methods: 74 doctors who had referred @entity1 to involuntary admission at one major Norwegian @entity146 hospital participated in semi-structured interviews. The questions posed were in part factual and in part about the participating doctors' assessments and considerations with respect to the involuntary admission of @entity146 @entity1 . Results: Approximately half of the participating doctors worked at the public out-of-hours clinics, while a fifth were the @entity1 ' family doctors. Those working at the out-of-hours clinics had less work experience and fewer had prior knowledge of the @entity1 they committed. About half the doctors felt it was difficult to apply the medico-legal criteria. More than half had felt pressured/advised to refer the @entity1 to hospital and about half had felt pressured/advised to do so involuntarily. Conclusions: While doctors considering the commitment of @entity146 @entity1 are presumed to make independent assessments of @entity1 based on medico-legal criteria, this study suggests that many doctors feel pressured to commit. Clinical implications: The assessment made by doctors who refer @entity1 involuntarily to @entity146 hospital may be influenced by other parts of the health service, the @entity1 's family and the police. Many doctors feel that it is difficult to apply the medico-legal criteria when referring @entity1 involuntarily.

title: Involuntary XXXX admission: Characteristics of the referring doctors and the doctors' experiences of being pressured.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity177 and subsequent translocation of bacteria from the gut play a decisive role in the development of @entity281 in severe acute @entity788 . @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) has been shown to stabilize gut barrier function and to reduce bacterial translocation in various experimental settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether @entity7647 reduces gut permeability and @entity2348 in a model of @entity656 . @entity656 was induced in 50 @entity35 under sterile conditions by intraductal infusion of @entity23222 and intravenous infusion of @entity8629 . Six hours after the induction of @entity788 , animals were randomly assigned to one of two groups: standard total parental nutrition (TPN) or TPN combined with @entity7647 (0.5 g/kg(-1)/day(-1)). After 96 hours, the animals were killed. The pancreas was prepared for bacteriologic examination, and the ascending colon was mounted in a Ussing chamber for determination of transmucosal resistance and @entity2656 flux as indicators of intestinal permeability. Transmucosal resistance was 31% higher in the animals treated with @entity7647 - supplemented TPN compared to the animals given standard TPN. @entity2656 flux through the epithelium was decreased by 40%. The prevalence of @entity788 was 33% in animals given @entity7647 -enriched @entity8856 as compared to 86% in animals receiving standard TPN (P < 0.05). Adding @entity7647 to standard TPN not only reduces the permeability of the colon but decreases @entity788 in @entity656 in the @entity35 . This confirms previous reports that @entity7647 decreases bacterial translocation by stabilizing the intestinal mucosal barrier. The present findings provide the first evidence suggesting that stabilizing the intestinal barrier can reduce the prevalence of @entity788 in acute @entity788 and that @entity7647 may be useful in preventing @entity532 in clinical @entity788 .

title: @entity1160 stabilizes intestinal permeability and reduces @entity788 in acute experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol', 'mannitol']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic infection', 'pancreatic infections']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute necrotizing pancreatitis', 'acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['septic complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal barrier failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity23222 :: ('MESH:D006002', 'Chemical') :: ['glycodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']