abstract: BACKGROUND: Enterohemorrhagic @entity526 (EHEC) O157 causes severe @entity6766 in @entity1 . The chromosome of O157 consists of 4.1 Mb backbone sequences shared by benign @entity2624 , and 1.4 Mb O157-specific sequences encoding many virulence determinants, such as Shiga toxin genes (stx genes) and the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Non-O157 EHECs belonging to distinct clonal lineages from O157 also cause similar illness in @entity1 . According to the 'parallel' evolution model, they have independently acquired the major virulence determinants, the stx genes and LEE. However, the genomic differences between O157 and non-O157 EHECs have not yet been systematically analyzed. RESULTS: Using microarray and whole genome PCR scanning analyses, we performed a whole genome comparison of 20 EHEC strains of O26, O111, and O103 serotypes with O157. In non-O157 EHEC strains, although genome sizes were similar with or rather larger than O157 and the backbone regions were well conserved, O157-specific regions were very poorly conserved. Around only 20% of the O157-specific genes were fully conserved in each non-O157 serotype. However, the non-O157 EHECs contained a significant number of virulence genes that are found on prophages and plasmids in O157, and also multiple prophages similar to, but significantly divergent from, those in O157. CONCLUSION: Although O157 and non-O157 EHECs have independently acquired a huge amount of serotype- or strain-specific genes by lateral gene transfer, they share an unexpectedly large number of virulence genes. Independent infections of similar but distinct bacteriophages carrying these virulence determinants are deeply involved in the evolution of O157 and non-O157 EHECs.

title: Extensive genomic diversity and selective conservation of virulence-determinants in enterohemorrhagic XXXX strains of O157 and non-O157 serotypes.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food-borne illness']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) including heterophyids and opisthorchiids are prevalent in native and aquaculture fish in Southeast Asia. FZT are reported highly prevalent in juvenile aquaculture fish that belonged to the family Heterophyidae, particularly Haplorchis taichui. Aquaculture fish are reported to have varying levels of @entity281 with H. taichui, but data for their susceptibility as well as resistance to @entity281 are not available. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of five aquaculture fish to H. taichui. @entity281 were performed by exposing fish individually to 0 (control), 50, 100, or 200 H. taichui cercariae for 12  h. Metacercarial burden was measured at 45  days postinfection. Three out of five fish species, @entity575 barb ( @entity65782 ), @entity7136 ( @entity7136 ), and mrigal ( @entity65783 ), were highly susceptible to H. taichui @entity281 with percentage ranging from 93.33 to 100  %. The Nile and red tilapia were not susceptible to @entity281 . Among the susceptible fish species, @entity575 barb had higher intensity of H. taichui metacercariae than @entity7136 and mrigal (P   <   0.001). Metacercarial burden significantly correlated with the dose of cercarial @entity281 (P   <   0.001). Our findings that common aquaculture fish species have varying degrees of susceptibility to H. taichui @entity281 provide important information to reduce parasite transmission in aquaculture fish.

title: Susceptibility, metacercarial burden, and mortality of juvenile @entity575 barb, XXXX , mrigal, and tilapia following exposure to Haplorchis taichui.

entities_list: @entity65782 :: ('381606', 'Species') :: ['Barbonymus gonionotus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['natural infection', 'infection', 'Experimental infections']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['common carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

entities_list: @entity65783 :: ('683832', 'Species') :: ['Cirrhinus mrigala']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['common carp']


abstract: @entity1314 is the subject of extensive discussion in the literature. Yet, the validity of this diagnostic category remains questionable. This is owed, in large part, to the relative absence of empirical work that has examined narcissism in clinical samples. Descriptions and findings from studies involving non-clinical samples suggest that narcissism is associated with considerable interpersonal impairment. The objective of the present study was to examine this possibility in a sample of @entity146 outpatients. Consecutively admitted @entity1 (N=240) to a day treatment program completed measures of narcissism, interpersonal problems, and general @entity146 . @entity1 were categorized into high, moderate, and low narcissism groups. The groups were compared on overall interpersonal impairment, as well as on particular domains of interpersonal behavior. Treatment duration and discharge status were also compared among the three groups. Analysis of covariance and chi-square analyses were used. At baseline, higher levels of narcissism were significantly associated with greater interpersonal impairment. The interpersonal style of the more narcissistic @entity1 was particularly characterized by domineering, vindictive, and intrusive behavior. At post-treatment, only the association between narcissism and intrusive behavior remained significant. Change in interpersonal difficulties following treatment did not differ significantly among the groups. However, failure to complete treatment was associated with narcissism. The results underscore the interpersonal impairment associated with narcissism and support the notion of @entity1314 as a valid diagnostic category.

title: Interpersonal problems associated with narcissism among XXXX outpatients.

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['narcissistic personality disorder', 'Narcissistic personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric distress']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: AIM: Efficacy of low-energy shock wave therapy for @entity3444 . METHOD: 32 @entity1 were randomly assigned into real and placebo ESWT groups, treatment comprised 1000 impulses of 0,08 mJ/mm 2 at 14 kV (OssaTron OSA 120, HMT AG, Switzerland) in 12 cases repeated after six weeks or placebo (energy-absorbing foil). Follow-up evaluation (19, 32 and 48 wks.) included specific questionnaire, clinical-functional examination and measurement of plantar pressure while walking (Emed AT-4. pedograph, Novel GmbH, Munich). Examiner and @entity1 were blinded. RESULTS: 88 % of the treatment group were @entity158 free or had good results. None of the placebo group were @entity158 free, 33.3 % had good results (Roles and Maudsley Score). The treatment group showed significantly better outcome for morning and resting @entity158 , pressure stamp-tolerance and walking ability. Pedography did not show a clear correlation between @entity158 relief and load pattern. CONCLUSION: The results of this study corroborate the value of ESWT for @entity9156 . As a non invasive technique with low side effects, it can complement the row of conservative treatments.

title: [Shock wave therapy for XXXX with heel spur: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['recalcitrant plantar fascitis']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['recalcitrant plantar fasciitis']

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['recalcitrant plantar fasciitis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Aristolochia tagala (AT) and Curcuma caesia (CC) have been used traditionally by local herbal practitioners for @entity5 treatment and as chief ingredients of many polyherbal formulations for various types of ailments. However, there is void in scientific study to evaluate their anti- @entity5 property. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-carcinogenic properties of the crude methanolic extracts of roots of AT and rhizomes of CC in BALB/c @entity19 exposed to a hepatocarcinogen, @entity107 ( @entity108 ). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: (I) @entity137 of @entity7189 ( @entity7189 ); (II) Anticancer studies; (III) Histological studies; and (IV) Biochemical studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the effects of these two @entity7189 either alone or following @entity108 exposure, serum transaminases ( @entity492 aminotransferase [AST], @entity493 aminotransferase [ALT]), @entity4972 ( @entity4972 ), and @entity5 marker enzyme @entity934 esterase (AChE) were assayed in @entity19 . In addition, histological study was also carried out under similar conditions. The antioxidant potentials of the @entity7189 were evaluated by monitoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and metabolites, such as @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity5533 ( @entity5533 ), @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx), and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was performed by GraphPad Prism 6 Software using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Our findings show that @entity108 administration elevated AST, ALT, @entity4972 , and AChE activities. CC or AT extracts attenuated the increased activities of these marker enzymes. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, which were decreased following @entity108 administration, were significantly increased in @entity19 treated with CC or AT. CONCLUSIONS: The present study clearly documents anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties of AT and CC in @entity108 -induced @entity19 @entity96 in vivo.

title: Inhibitory potential of methanolic extracts of Aristolochia tagala and Curcuma caesia on hepatocellular carcinoma induced by @entity107 in BALB/c XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4972 :: ('MESH:C562645', 'Disease') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity7189 :: ('MESH:D010939', 'Disease') :: ['HPE', 'herbal plant extracts']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Examination of polymorphisms in the @entity3964 gene for falcipain 2 revealed that this gene is one of two paralogs separated by 10.8 kb in chromosome 11. We designate the annotated gene denoted chr11.gen_424 as encoding falcipain 2A and the annotated gene denoted chr11.gen_427 as encoding falcipain 2B. The paralogs are 96% identical at the @entity377 level and 93% identical at the @entity535 level. The consensus sequences differ in 31/309 synonymous sites and 45/1140 nonsynonymous sites, including three @entity535 replacements ( @entity62771 , @entity62772 , and @entity62773 ) that are near the catalytic site and that may affect substrate affinity or specificity. In six reference isolates, among 36 synonymous sites and 46 nonsynonymous sites that are polymorphic in the gene for falcipain 2A, falcipain 2B, or both, significant spatial clustering is observed. All but one of the polymorphisms appear to result from gene conversion between the paralogs. The estimated rate of gene conversion between the paralogs may be as many as 1,400 to 1,700 times greater than the rate of mutation. Owing to gene conversion, one of the falcipain 2A alleles is more similar to the falcipain 2B alleles than it is to other falcipain 2A alleles. Divergence among the synonymous sites suggests that the paralogous genes last shared a common ancestor 15.2 MYA, with a range of 8.8 to 20.6 MYA. During this period, the paralogs have acquired 0.10 synonymous substitutions per synonymous site in the coding region. The 5' and 3' flanking regions differ in 47.7% and 39.8% of the @entity377 sites, respectively. Hence synonymous sites and flanking regions are not conserved in sequence in spite of their high AT content and T skew.

title: Gene conversion as a source of XXXX diversity in @entity3964 .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: Advances in medicine are allowing @entity1 with @entity1503 to live longer and healthier lives than ever before. As these @entity1 age, however, manifestations of their disease processes may develop as complications in other organ systems. We discussed the major genitourinary complications of @entity3458 , @entity1778 , and @entity1031 . These range from the benign inability to concentrate urine that is seen in sickle cell disease to @entity1188 that results from @entity1985 . Our ability to treat and prevent these complications will improve as our understanding of these disease processes and their pathophysiology grows. Additionally, it is important for urologists to understand the underlying pathophysiology of @entity1503 to best serve the @entity1 . For example, it may be the urologist who makes the diagnosis of @entity43 in a pregnant @entity1 with right lower @entity158 and @entity221 . This diagnosis, with the proper treatment of antibiotics and anticoagulation, could prevent the potential development of @entity2268 . Urologists will increasingly be called upon to deal with the manifestations of these complex diseases as these @entity1 are living longer. It is our duty to educate ourselves about these disease processes so that we can make the best clinical decisions for our @entity1 .

title: Urologic manifestations of XXXX , and @entity1031 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['septic thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['renal infarction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['hematologic disease sickle cell, leukemia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Severity assessment is an important component of the management of @entity497 . Clinicians are increasingly searching for biomarkers to aid in clinical decisions. @entity3459 can accompany severe @entity55 . We seek to investigate the association of D-dimer, a fibrinolysis biomarker, and 30-day mortality or the need for mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 with @entity497 . METHODS: We prospectively enrolled @entity341 @entity1 with @entity497 between December 2005 and January 2008 in a convenience manner. We measured D-dimer level with the Vitek ImmunoDiagnostic Assay System. To assess clinical illness severity, both CURB65 and the @entity55 Severity Index ( @entity55 Severity Index class) were calculated. Our primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and need for mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support. RESULTS: Of the 314 enrolled @entity1 , 23.9% of @entity1 had a D-dimer level less than 500 ng/mL on initial @entity341 measurement, and 81.3% of these @entity1 were in @entity55 Severity Index class I to III. A D-dimer level of less than 500 ng/mL had a negative likelihood ratio of 0 (95% confidence interval 0 to 1.37) for 30-day mortality and 0.33 (95% confidence interval 0.09 to 1.27) for need for mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support. For 30-day mortality, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for D-dimer was similar to both CURB65 and @entity55 Severity Index class. For mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for D-dimer was lower than that for CURB65 but did not differ from that for @entity55 Severity Index. CONCLUSION: An admission D-dimer level less than 500 ng/mL is associated with low risk of short-term death and major morbidity in @entity1 with @entity497 .

title: Admission D-dimer can identify low-risk @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['Coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE The object of this study was to determine the percentage of high-dose (1800-2600 cGy) single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SF- @entity6815 ) treatments to the spine that result in @entity1897 . METHODS All @entity1 treated with SF- @entity6815 for primary or metastatic spine @entity5 between January 2004 and May 2013 and referred to the Rehabilitation Medicine Service for evaluation and treatment of neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, or functional impairments or @entity158 were retrospectively identified. RESULTS Five hundred fifty-seven SF- @entity6815 treatments in 447 @entity1 resulted in 14 PNS injuries in 13 @entity1 . All injures resulted from SF- @entity6815 delivered to the cervical or lumbosacral spine at 2400 cGy. The overall percentage of SF- @entity6815 treatments resulting in @entity1897 was 2.5%, increasing to 4.5% when the thoracic spine was excluded from analysis. The median time to symptom onset following SF- @entity6815 was 10 months (range 4-32 months). The plexus (cervical, brachial, and/or lumbosacral) was affected clinically and/or electrophysiologically in 12 (86%) of 14 cases, the nerve root in 2 (14%) of 14, and both in 6 (43%) of 14 cases. All @entity1 experienced @entity158 and most (93%) developed @entity425 . @entity1897 were CTCAE Grade 1 in 14% of cases, 2 in 64%, and 3 in 21%. No dose relationship between SF- @entity6815 dose and @entity1897 was detected. CONCLUSIONS Single-fraction @entity6815 to the spine can result in @entity1897 with major implications for function and quality of life.

title: XXXX after high-dose single-fraction image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery for spine @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nervous system (PNS) injury', 'PNS injury', 'Peripheral nervous system injuries']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral nervous system injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of recombinant @entity1 @entity10120 on @entity5 growth and @entity3 of @entity420 LA795 in @entity19 . METHODS: Recombinant @entity1 @entity10120 was purified rom endostadin-expressing pCX clones. LA795 cells were inoculated subcutaneously on the back of T739 @entity19 , which were randomized into 2 groups. From the tenth day on, treatment group was given 20 mg/kg recombinant @entity1 @entity10120 subcutaneously daily for 14 consecutive days, and the control group received PBS in the same manner. The sizes of the subcutaneous @entity5 , lung weights, the number of metastases over the lung surface and the survival time of the @entity19 were observed. RESULTS: The @entity5 sizes of the treatment group in creased slowly from (650+/-201) mm3 to (1 642+/-21) mm3 when compared with those of the control group which showed and increase from (623+/-248) mm3 to (9 194+/-952) mm3. The lung weight of the 2 groups was (190+/-25) mg and (324+/-43) mg respectively, and the number of lung sung surface metastases was 8+/-2 and 22+/-8 for each. The average survival time of the @entity35 in the 2 groups was 48 d and 27 d, respectively. All parameters measured between the 2 groups showed significant differences (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Recom binent @entity1 @entity10120 has strong inhibitory effect on both the growth of @entity5 and @entity3 of lung @entity420 LA795 cells, and prolongs the survival time of the @entity5 -bearing @entity19 .

title: Inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma LA795 in @entity19 by recombinant XXXX @entity10120 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: An experimental study was planned to evaluate and compare the effects of orchidopexy and orchidectomy on @entity717 in @entity35 subjected to ipsilateral abdominal testis and @entity12108 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four groups of 12 @entity35 each were established. Sham operation, intra-abdominal testis with @entity12108 and orchidopexy or orchidectomy for prior intra-abdominal testis with @entity12108 were performed in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. While testes were maintained for 8 weeks in the same position in groups 1 and 2, orchidopexy or orchidectomy was performed in groups 3 and 4 after the first 4 weeks, and the remaining testes were harvested after an additional 4 weeks. Lactic acid @entity3625 contents were determined and the groups were compared with the paired t test. RESULTS: Maintaining intra-abdominal testis with @entity12108 for 8 weeks and orchidopexy yielded the highest lactate values. However @entity880 levels in contralateral testes did not increase. On the other hand, @entity3625 levels revealed the highest values after the initial 4 weeks. The 8-week study period resulted in increases of ipsilateral and contralateral testicular @entity3625 levels. Orchidopexy caused a decrease in ipsilateral testicular values and ameliorated the increase in @entity3625 levels in contralateral testes. CONCLUSIONS: Replacing an intra-abdominal testis with its vas deferens ligated into the scrotum ameliorates the oxidative stress in both @entity717 . Since orchidectomy does not result in better contralateral testicular values, orchidopexy should be preferred when treating an undescended testis with @entity3885 .

title: Orchidopexy or orchidectomy for preventing tissue hypoxia in @entity717 following induction of ipsilateral abdominal testis associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['vasal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity12108 :: ('MESH:C535984', 'Disease') :: ['vas deferens obstruction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral and contralateral testes']

answer: @entity12108 :: (MESH:C535984,Disease) :: ['vas deferens obstruction']


abstract: A bioassay of @entity67277 ( @entity13507 ) @entity5209 [IPD] for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical intraperitoneally to @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . The IPD was injected three times per week to groups of 35 animals, using doses of 12, 24, or 48 mg/kg for the @entity35 , and 20 or 40 mg/kg for the @entity19 . @entity35 at 12 mg/kg were treated for 52 weeks. Because of the @entity137 of the chemical, administration of IPD for the group receiving 24 mg/kg was discontinued at week 34. @entity35 receiving 48 mg/kg were treated until all had died at week 23 (males) and week 27 (females). Both groups of @entity19 were treated for 52 weeks. All survivors were killed after post-administration periods that varied among groups. With @entity35 , untreated and vehicle-control groups, each consisting of 10 males and 10 females, were started with the high- and mid-dose groups and additional untreated and vehicle-control groups of the same size were started with the low-dose groups. With @entity19 , untreated and vehicle-control groups each consisted of 15 males and 15 females. The @entity137 of IPD was associated with lower mean body weights and lower rates of survival of both the @entity35 and @entity19 . The shortened life spans, particularly in the @entity35 , reduced the likelihood of the development of @entity5 . In @entity35 , @entity298 and @entity82 , possibly, from direct irritation by the test chemical were observed in most treated @entity35 at necropsy. @entity242 , @entity81 , or @entity1492 of the peritoneum occurred in two low-dose male, one mid-dose male, and one mid-dose female @entity35 , but not in any control animals. Because of this low incidence, and because irritation by the test chemical have been involved in the pathogenesis, these @entity5 may have been due to local effects of the chemical. In @entity19 , @entity706 were observed at the following incidences (males: controls 0/14, low-dose 0/26, high-dose 3/21; females: controls 1/15, low-dose 2/29, high-dose, 6/27). The Tarone test for life-table analysis of the probability of survival without @entity706 indicated a significant positive dose-related @entity706 with a probability level of 0.011 for male @entity19 and 0.003 for female @entity19 . @entity957 was noted in the @entity19 (low-dose males 6/26, high-dose females 2/27). Seven of these @entity5 were observed in subcutaneous tissue in the inguinal region near the sites of injection. Although not statistically significant, this @entity5 may be associated with administration of IPD. @entity5 of the peritoneum in @entity35 and @entity5 in the subcutaneous tissue in @entity19 may have been due to local effects related to administration of the test chemical. The @entity706 in @entity19 , although marginally significant, were too few in number to clearly be related to dosing. Conclusions from this study are limited by early deaths and @entity137 , but the appearance of @entity5 in the peritoneum near the injection sites in both @entity35 and @entity19 indicate the carcinogenic potential of IPD.

title: Bioassay of XXXX ( @entity13507 ) @entity5209 (IPD) for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous adhesions']

entities_list: @entity67277 :: ('MESH:C001441', 'Chemical') :: ["3,3'-iminobis-1-propanol dimethanesulfonate"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma', 'increase of lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity67277 :: (MESH:C001441,Chemical) :: ['3,3'-iminobis-1-propanol dimethanesulfonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our first trial on radiotherapy for @entity158 published in 2012 comparing the analgesic effect of a standard dose (6   *   1.0 Gy within three weeks) to that of a very low one (6   *   0.1 Gy within three weeks) resulted in a highly significant superiority of the standard dose arm. In the meantime, experimental data have shown that lower single doses in the range of 0.5 - 0.7 Gy might be even more effective than the current standard dose of 1.0 Gy. Therefore, we conducted a second trial comparing the analgesic effect of standard single doses of 1.0 Gy to that of low single doses of 0.5 Gy using uniform total doses of 6 Gy. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven @entity1 were randomized to receive radiation therapy either with a total dose of 6.0 Gy applied in 6 fractions of 1.0 Gy twice weekly (standard dose) or with the same total dose applied in 12 fractions of 0.5 Gy three times weekly (experimental dose). In all @entity1 lateral opposing 6MV photon beams were used. The results were measured using Visual analogue scale (VAS), Calcaneodynia score (CS) and SF-12 health survey. The first phase of this trial ended after a three months' follow-up; it will be continued up to 48 weeks. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 had to be excluded after randomization either due to the withdrawal of informed consent to radiotherapy by the @entity1 or radiotherapy with an incorrect dosage. The groups were comparable concerning biographical and disease data. The mean calcaneodynia score (CS) was higher in the experimental group (p   =   0.002). After three months' follow-up, we saw a very favorable @entity158 relief in both arms (decline of VAS score: standard arm 42 points, experimental arm 44 points (n.s.), but we did not notice any statistically significant difference between the arms neither concerning the @entity158 parameters nor the quality of life parameters. No relevant acute side effects were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Favorable laboratory results could not be translated into an enhanced @entity158 relief in our @entity1 . This trial was terminated after the interim analysis (127 @entity1 randomized). Further trials will be necessary to explore the best fractionation schedule. This trial has been approved by the expert panel of the DEGRO as well as by the Ethics committee of the Saarland Physicians' chamber. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current trial registration at German Clinical Trials Register with the number DRKS00004458.

title: Randomized multicenter follow-up trial on the effect of radiotherapy on XXXX (plantar fasciitis) comparing two fractionation schedules with uniform total dose: first results after three months' follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful heel spur']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful heel spur']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to assess the frequency and sequelae of portal system @entity715 (PST) after splenectomy in @entity1 with @entity5 or chronic @entity1503 and to determine whether routine surveillance imaging for this potential complication is warranted. METHOD: The radiology reports of 203 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 or chronic @entity1503 who underwent splenectomy between January 1990 and January 1997 were reviewed. Imaging examinations and medical records were reviewed for those in whom PST was found after splenectomy. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three @entity1 (60.6%) underwent CT (n = 88), sonography (n = 10), or both (n = 24) after splenectomy; one other @entity1 underwent MRI. Twelve of these @entity1 (9.8%) had @entity715 of the splenic, portal, and/or superior mesenteric veins. Their underlying diseases were @entity4018 / @entity2590 (n = 8), @entity706 (n = 3), and @entity1778 (n = 1). At follow-up imaging (obtained in 10 of the 12 @entity1 ), PST had resolved (n = 5), worsened (n = 2), improved (n = 1), remained unchanged (n = 1), or resulted in cavernous transformation of the portal vein (n = 1). Nine of 12 @entity1 were symptomatic. No @entity1 died of PST. CONCLUSION: PST was an uncommon and typically unsuspected finding after splenectomy in this @entity1 population, and no serious sequelae of PST were found. Routine surveillance imaging for PST after splenectomy does not seem warranted, but in symptomatic @entity1 (particularly those with @entity4018 / @entity2590 ), a high clinical suspicion and a low threshold for obtaining imaging examinations are needed.

title: Portal system @entity715 after splenectomy for XXXX or @entity1503 : is routine surveillance imaging necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term efficacy of oral @entity12793 10-mg wafers in the treatment of @entity2704 attacks. METHODS: Data from an extension study where @entity1 with @entity2704 used @entity12793 10 mg to treat moderate or severe @entity2704 attacks occurring over periods of up to 6 months were included in a retrospective analysis. @entity1 used a diary card to record details of each @entity2704 attack and onset of menstruation. Attacks in @entity1 were classified as menstrual or nonmenstrual according to 3 time windows relative to onset of menstruation (day 0): -3 to +3 days (7-day window), -2 to + 2 days (5-day window), and 0 to +1 days (2-day window). The analysis looked at the efficacy of @entity12793 10 mg by menstrual category of attack for each definition on three measures: @entity158 relief at 2 hours ( @entity158 to mild or none), @entity158 free at 2 hours, 24-hours sustained @entity158 free ( @entity158 free at 2 hours with no @entity10 recurrence and no use of additional medications from 2 to 24 hours). RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity1 used @entity12793 10 mg to treat a total of 1,839 attacks. The percentage of menstrual attacks was 30% for the -3 to +3 days definition, 23% for the -2 to +2 days definition, and 11% for the 0 to +1 days definition. @entity12793 10 mg was equally effective in menstrual and nonmenstrual @entity2704 attacks regardless of the definition used. For example, using the -3 to +3 days definition, 78% of @entity2704 attacks were relieved at 2 hours after dosing compared with 78% of nonmenstrual attacks. @entity158 relief rates for the other definitions were as follows: -2 to +2 days, menstrual = 78%, nonmenstrual = 78%; 0 to +1 days, menstrual = 79%, and nonmenstrual = 78%. No differences between menstrual and nonmenstrual attacks were found for the 2-hour @entity158 free and 24-hour sustained @entity158 free measures for any of the three definitions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12793 10-mg wafers were equally effective in the treatment of menstrual and nonmenstrual @entity2704 attacks occurring over 6 months, regardless of the precise definition of menstrual association used and even when the outcome criteria were very stringent. These data provide further evidence that triptans are effective treatments for @entity2704 .

title: Further evaluation of @entity12793 in XXXX : retrospective analysis of long-term data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'menstrual migraine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'reduction of pain']

entities_list: @entity12793 :: ('MESH:C093622', 'Chemical') :: ['rizatriptan', 'Rizatriptan']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['menstrual migraine']


abstract: @entity2834 and @entity2025 are common in @entity1 . In immunocompetent @entity1 those @entity281 are usually asymptomatic but in immunocompromised can manifest as a severe disease. @entity2834 is a common cause of @entity281 . It is also a frequent complication in transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of @entity2834 and @entity2025 among hospitalized children. Specific antibodies against @entity2834 and EBV were detected in serum by ELISA test. Presence of @entity2834 DNA was determined in leucocytes by Murex Hybrid Capture System. @entity2834 and @entity2025 were defined as the presence in serum IgM-class specific antibodies. Obtained results indicate that @entity2834 and @entity2025 are frequent in immunocompromised @entity1 . Among @entity1 with @entity2834 or @entity2025 , 40% have been diagnosed with @entity5 , most of whom with @entity1583 : @entity1778 or @entity706 . @entity2834 and @entity325 was detected in 14% of infected @entity1 . Of all @entity1 with @entity2834 , 50% were neonates and @entity1 . @entity281 was diagnosed only in one case. The remaining @entity281 were acquired during perinatal period or later.

title: [CMC and XXXX in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients', 'infants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'Congenital infection', 'congenital infections']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['EBV infection', 'EBV infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['EBV coinfection']

answer: @entity2025 :: (MESH:D020031,Disease) :: ['EBV infections']


abstract: The effect of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and low-power laser radiation on @entity842 (NO) production and the activity of @entity224 dismutase (SOD) in @entity35 peritoneal exudate macrophages was investigated. It was found that LPS increased NO production and SOD activity in macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximal activity of SOD was more than 100 times greater than in the control and was achieved at an LPS concentration of less than 10 ng/ml. The maximal production of NO was more than 250% of the control and was achieved at an LPS concentration of 100 ng/ml. The presence of @entity1880 , a transcriptional synthesis inhibitor, in conditioned media almost completely abolished SOD activation and NO production. This implies that the LPS-induced increase in SOD activity and NO production were determined by the activation of de novo protein synthesis (SOD and @entity1506 ). The irradiation of macrophages by red light resulted in a dose-dependent increase in NO production and SOD activity. The incubation of irradiated cells in the presence of 10 microM @entity1880 abolished the increase. The presence of antioxidants ( @entity64071 and @entity9050 ) also significantly inhibited the laser-induced activity of macrophages. Thus, laser irradiation of cells in the red range activates the synthesis of SOD and @entity1506 de novo due to photosensitized initiation of free radical reactions.

title: [Effect of low intensity laser light in the red range on macrophage XXXX dismutase activity].

entities_list: @entity1506 :: ('24599(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'inducible NO-synthase']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the severity, size, and depth of @entity227 using standard full threshold (FT), Swedish interactive threshold algorithm (SITA) standard (SS), and SITA fast (SF) algorithms of the Humphrey perimeter. METHODS: A prospective observational case series of 77 @entity1 with @entity726 performed FT, SS, and SF 30-2 white-on-white testing programs on the same day on 2 occasions for 1 month. The severity of defects was compared using the mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, @entity726 Intervention Study, and Hodapp-Anderson-Parrish severity scores. The sizes of defects were compared using the total number of abnormal points on the pattern deviation plot that fit standard criteria for @entity227 . The depths of the defects were compared using the sum of the threshold values for points identified in the pattern deviation plot as fitting criteria for @entity154 . RESULTS: The mean deviations were slightly better using the SS (-9.6 +/- 7.1 dB) or the SF (-9.1 +/- 6.7 dB) algorithm compared with the FT algorithm (-10.3 +/- 7.1 dB) (P<.005). There were no significant differences in pattern standard deviations between SS (8.6 +/- 4.0, P =.08) and SF (8.1 +/- 3.6, P =.19) compared with FT (8.3 +/- 3.3), although the pattern standard deviation was higher in SS fields compared with SF fields (P<.001). @entity726 Intervention Study scores were slightly better when the SS (7.5 +/- 5.6) or SF (7.2 +/- 5.4) algorithm was used compared with the FT algorithm (8.6 +/- 5.4) (P<.001). The sizes of @entity154 were slightly larger using the SS (20.9 +/- 10.7) algorithm compared with the FT algorithm (19.2 +/- 10.9) (P =.004) but not the SF algorithm (20.0 +/- 10.6) (P =.11). The depth of defects measured by the SS (220.4 +/- 108.0 dB) and SF (219.8 +/- 101.3 dB) algorithms was significantly shallower compared with that measured by the FT algorithm (152.3 +/- 79.1 dB) (P<.001). There were no significant differences in Hodapp-Anderson-Parrish severity scores among algorithms (P =.12). CONCLUSIONS: @entity154 are measured significantly shallower using the new SITA algorithms but are approximately the same size and severity compared with FT measurements. Care should be taken when using threshold values to compare @entity154 in a @entity1 when converting from FT to SITA algorithms.

title: XXXX using standard full threshold and Swedish interactive threshold algorithms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous defects', 'Glaucomatous defects']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Comparison of glaucomatous visual field defects']


abstract: Pathological activation of microglia, which reside quiescently in physiological CNS, is associated with various @entity179 . Endogenous @entity4663 , @entity11667 and @entity8037 , are known to be activators of cell proliferation and differentiation. We previously reported that both @entity11667 and @entity8037 induce dose-dependent cell death in cultured @entity35 brain microglia at a submicromolar concentration range via apoptotic process, whereas cultured astrocytes were less sensitive to these @entity4663 [Neuroscience 120 (2003) 961]. These @entity4664 effects were observed only in the presence of fetal bovine serum. In the present study we examined further the mechanism of @entity4664 -induced microglial cell death. @entity6115 oxidase in fetal bovine serum produces @entity273 and an @entity67870 from @entity8037 , and the latter generates @entity8697 spontaneously. @entity8697 was found to be much more toxic to microglia than to astrocytes and the effective concentration of @entity8697 was similar to that of @entity8037 , whereas @entity273 was marginally toxic. @entity5118 , an inhibitor of @entity6115 oxidase, blocked the toxic effects of @entity8037 on microglia. @entity8037 @entity137 was also prevented by antioxidant reagents; @entity2041 (reduced form), @entity462 , and @entity898 . These results suggest that @entity4664 -induced apoptotic cell death of microglia is triggered by an oxidative stress with @entity8697 , which is produced by @entity6115 oxidase from @entity4664 . The different toxicities of @entity4664 between two glial cells may regulate the balance of glial activation in some pathological conditions of CNS.

title: Oxidative metabolites are involved in XXXX -induced microglial cell death.

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine', 'Spermine']

entities_list: @entity6115 :: ('CHEBI:32952', 'Chemical') :: ['amine', 'Amine']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity67870 :: ('CHEBI:22492', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity8697 :: ('MESH:D000171', 'Chemical') :: ['Acrolein', 'acrolein']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4664 :: (CHEBI:60143,Chemical) :: ['polyamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic solar irradiation results in both morphological and functional changes in affected skin. Superficial peels have been shown to improve all symptoms of photodamaged skin. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of @entity25104 (GA, 70%) with @entity2804 ( @entity2974 , 15%) for the treatment of photoaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty female @entity1 affected by photodamage were treated with graded concentrations of 70% GA and 15% @entity2974 peel. Each @entity1 was submitted to 5 sessions of these peels, with an interval of 14 days between each session. Four clinical parameters of surface evaluation of the living skin (hydration, elasticity, melanin, and erythema) were measured. The records were made before each treatment and 3 months after the last application. RESULTS: The statistical significance in each group of @entity1 was observed with elasticity and hydration. Decrease in melanin content in the skin occurred significantly after the application of a series of treatments with GA. Increase in severity of erythema showed statistical significance after the treatment with @entity2974 . CONCLUSION: Superficial peels, such as 70% GA and 15% @entity2974 , proved to be an effective treatment modality for photodamaged facial skin. Both acids contribute to improvement of the photodamaged skin's parameters. @entity25104 increases skin's hydration faster.

title: Evaluation of 70% glycolic peels versus 15% trichloroacetic peels for the treatment of photodamaged facial skin in aging XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity25104 :: ('MESH:C031149', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycolic acid', 'glycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIM: This pilot study compared @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and @entity1140 (Tac) in the treatment of severe @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ). METHOD: This was a 24 month prospective, randomized, open-label multi-centre exploratory study on Chinese @entity1 with biopsy-proven pure Class V @entity1988 with @entity1985 . @entity1 were randomized to treatment with either @entity2098 or Tac, both in combination with @entity617 and the efficacy and tolerability outcomes were examined. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were included, seven in the @entity2098 and nine in the Tac treatment arm. At 24 months the complete response, partial response and overall response rates were 57.1% vs. 11.1% (P = 0.049), 14.3% vs. 44.4% (P = 0.197) and 71.4% vs. 55.6% (P = 0.515) in the @entity2098 and Tac groups, respectively. The two groups had similar reduction of @entity644 and longitudinal profiles of serum albumin and @entity1011 levels. Serum creatinine remained stable in both groups, except in two @entity1 who had a transient increase associated with high Tac blood levels. Adverse events in the @entity2098 group included @entity4091 in one @entity1 and reversible @entity1210 in another, while in the Tac group four @entity1 had severe @entity281 and one developed new onset @entity6 . No relapse occurred during the study period. CONCLUSION: Both @entity2098 and Tac when combined with @entity288 are effective treatment options for severe @entity1988 .

title: Pilot 24 month study to compare @entity618 and XXXX in the treatment of @entity1988 with @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['MLN', 'membranous lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While isolating the pulmonary arterial branches within the fissure is a crucial step in lobectomy, a largely fused fissure usually hinders its achievement, making lobectomy with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) difficult to achieve. For VATS lobectomy in @entity2 @entity1 with a largely fused fissure, we have conducted an unusual approach for each lobe, and the surgical results were compared between @entity1 with and without a fused fissure. METHODS: Since1999, we have conducted VATS lobectomies in 77 @entity1 . Of these, 10 had largely fused fissures that needed an unusual surgical approach for dividing the pulmonary arterial branches. The other 67 @entity1 had separated fissures that allowed the isolation and division of the arterial branches within it. While the surgical approach used for the @entity1 with largely fused fissures differed in each lobe, most often the lobar bronchus was divided before pulmonary arterial branches within the fissure were divided, with the fused fissure being divided last. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, lobectomy site, or @entity5 stage between the @entity1 with fused fissures and those with separated fissures. The surgical data showed no significant differences between the two groups in operating time, @entity190 , duration of @entity764 , and hospital stay after surgery. However, the @entity1 with fused fissures required more staples to close the incision than did those with a separated fissure (mean number of staples, 7.7 vs 5.7; p < 0.001). There was no postoperative mortality or morbidity, including prolonged air leakage, in the @entity1 with fused fissures. CONCLUSION: Although the performance of VATS lobectomy for @entity1 with largely fused fissures is more costly, it is feasible and safe. A largely fused fissure is not a limiting factor for the performance of VATS lobectomy.

title: XXXX with a largely fused fissure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest tube drainage']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity6659 ( @entity6659 ) can be caused by several diseases, but in about half of the @entity1 the etiological diagnosis remains unknown. @entity4611 ( @entity4611 ) is an increasingly recognized entity among cases of idiopathic @entity6659 ; however, the differential diagnosis from other @entity4611 @entity5 can be difficult because of similar clinical and radiological manifestations. The definite diagnosis of @entity4611 requires invasive pituitary biopsy. OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to identify the autoantigen(s) in @entity4611 and thus develop a diagnostic test based on serum autoantibodies. DESIGN: @entity35 posterior pituitary lysate was immunoprecipitated with IgGs purified from the sera of @entity1 with @entity4611 or control subjects. The immunoprecipitates were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to screen for pituitary autoantigens of @entity4611 . Subsequently, we made recombinant proteins of candidate autoantigens and analyzed autoantibodies in serum by Western blotting. RESULTS: @entity53279 proved to be the most diagnostically useful autoantigen. Anti- @entity53279 antibodies were detected in 22 of the 29 (76%) @entity1 (including 4 of the 4 biopsy-proven samples) with @entity4611 and 2 of 18 (11.1%) @entity1 with biopsy-proven lymphocytic adeno- @entity4611 . In contrast, these antibodies were absent in @entity1 with biopsy-proven sellar/suprasellar masses without @entity4611 (n = 34), including 18 @entity1 with @entity6659 . @entity53279 was expressed in posterior pituitary and hypothalamic vasopressin neurons but not anterior pituitary. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity53279 is a major autoantigen in @entity4611 . Autoantibodies to @entity53279 may serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of @entity4611 and be useful for the differential diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity6659 .

title: XXXX as a Targeted Autoantigen in Lymphocytic Infundibulo-neurohypophysitis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['including tumors']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophysitis', 'lymphocytic hypophysitis', 'pituitary diseases', 'LINH', 'hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity6659 :: ('MESH:D020790', 'Disease') :: ['Central diabetes insipidus', 'CDI']

answer: @entity53279 :: (22895,Gene) :: ['Rabphilin-3A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of a two staged treating strategy with the use of a non-permanent urethral ALLIUM   stent for the management of recurrent @entity1494 and subsequently the use of an artificial sphincter AUS800   by AMS for the management of the @entity322 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We progressively identified @entity1 eligible for the study creating a population of cases with recurrent @entity1494 and concomitant @entity322 occurring after the last intervention for the @entity850 . Efficacy for the treatment of the @entity850 was defined as no recurrence both prior and post to the sphincter placement and efficacy for the treatment of the @entity322 was defined as continence (0-1pads) after the sphincter placement. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: 14 white males with a mean age of 66.21, ranging from 59 to 73 years consisted the population of the study. All @entity1 had severe @entity3142 following the last transurethral resection. The efficacy of the treatment of the @entity1494 was 93% (13/14) while the efficacy for the treatment of the @entity322 was 100%. A single @entity1 had a recurrent @entity1494 after the artificial sphincter placement and was treated with transurethral resection using a long pediatric 13 F resectoscope at 12 months. Our limitations is the absence of a control group and the small number of @entity1 enrolled, with a relatively short time of follow up. CONCLUSIONS: In our series we propose the use of a non-permanent urethral ALLIUM   stent for 6 months in order to control the growth of @entity3145 , a further 6 months follow up for recurrence, and then placement of an artificial sphincter. The results are very promising both on stabilizing the vesicourethral @entity850 , and on @entity1 safety and tolerability.

title: A two staged treatment procedure for the difficult to treat @entity1494 with concomitant XXXX . In the search of a solution to a complex problem.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity18147 is relayed to higher centers by projection neurons in the spinal and medullary dorsal horn. We employed a double-label method to map the ascending projections of pruriceptive and nociceptive trigeminal and spinal neurons. The retrograde tracer fluorogold (FG) was stereotaxically injected into the right thalamus or lateral parabrachial area (LPb) in @entity19 . Seven days later, @entity19 received intradermal (id) microinjection of @entity112 , @entity503 , @entity2951 , or vehicle into the left cheek. @entity112 , @entity503 , and @entity2951 intradermally elicited similar distributions of @entity9830 -positive neurons in the medial aspect of the superficial medullary and spinal dorsal horn from the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis to C2. Among neurons retrogradely labeled from the thalamus, 43%, 8%, and 22% were @entity9830 -positive following id @entity112 , @entity503 , or @entity2951 . Among the @entity9830 -positive neurons following pruritic or @entity2951 stimuli,    1-2% were retrogradely labeled with FG. Trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons exhibited a higher incidence of double labeling in the superficial dorsal horn. Among the neurons retrogradely labeled from LPb, 36%, 29%, and 33% were @entity9830 positive following id injection of @entity112 , @entity503 , and @entity2951 , respectively. Among @entity9830 -positive neurons elicited by id @entity112 , @entity503 , and @entity2951 , respectively, 3.7%, 4.3%, and 4.1% were retrogradely labeled from LPb. The present results indicate that, overall, relatively small subpopulations of pruriceptive and/or nociceptive neurons innervating the cheek project to thalamus or LPb. These results imply that the vast majority of pruritogen- and algogen-responsive spinal neurons are likely to function as interneurons relaying information to projection neurons and/or participating in segmental nocifensive circuits. J. Comp. Neurol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Anatomical evidence of pruriceptive trigeminothalamic and trigeminoparabrachial projection neurons in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7403 and its receptor @entity26975 are both type I membrane glycoproteins that modulate the activity of myeloid and lymphoid cells, and their interaction is functionally important in the suppression of effector T-cell responses by regulatory T-cells. We aimed to investigate the extent of expression of @entity7403 and @entity26975 on @entity404 + T-cells in blood of @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and to explore their correlations with effector T cell subsets, regulatory T cells (Treg), and routine clinical and serological markers. METHODS: The frequencies of blood @entity404 + expressing @entity7403 and @entity26975 as well as T-helper @entity404 +CD25+ @entity403 + Treg, @entity404 + @entity4155 + (Th17), @entity49648 + ( @entity1198 ), and @entity67394 + (Th2) were estimated by flow cytometry in 23 @entity1 with @entity30 , 14 with @entity31 , and 14 healthy volunteers (HCs). The clinical and inflammatory markers were also investigated. RESULTS: @entity8787 @entity1 showed decreased @entity404 + @entity26975 + T-cells, whereas, @entity404 + @entity7403 + T-cells were significantly higher in @entity1 groups compared with healthy controls. Treg cells were found significantly decreased in the @entity1 with @entity31 and @entity30 compared with healthy controls (both at p < 0.01). The percentage of Th17 was found significantly increased in @entity30 (p < 0.05) compared with @entity31 @entity1 and healthy subjects (p = 0.014). @entity7403 + @entity404 + T-cells showed significant positive correlations with ESR, @entity1198 , and Th17 (r = 0.438, p < 0.05; r = 0.411, p < 0.05; r = 0.492, p < 0.01, respectively). @entity26975 + @entity404 + T-cells correlated positively with Th2 and Treg (r = 0.482, p < 0.01, and r = 0.457, p < 0.01, respectively) and negatively with ESR (r = -0.387, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates an aberrant expression of @entity7403 / @entity26975 on @entity404 + T-cells in @entity8787 @entity1 and these data may have potent pathological significance in @entity8787 pathophysiology.

title: Expression of @entity26975 and its Ligand @entity7403 on T-helper Lymphocytes of Pediatric XXXX with @entity31 and @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity796 is an environmental bacterium involved in mineralization of organic matter. It is also an opportunistic pathogen able to cause serious @entity281 in immunocompromised hosts. As such, it is exposed to xenobiotics including solvents, heavy metals, and antimicrobials. We studied the response of @entity796 upon exposure to heavy metals or antibiotics to investigate whether common regulatory mechanisms govern resistance to both types of compounds. We showed that sublethal @entity219 concentrations induced resistance to @entity219 , @entity3409 , and @entity1953 , while lethal @entity219 concentrations selected mutants constitutively resistant to these heavy metals. Both @entity219 -induced and stable @entity219 -resistant strains were also resistant to the @entity2893 antibiotic @entity2892 . On the other hand, only 20% of clones selected on @entity2892 were also resistant to @entity219 . Heavy metal resistance in the mutants could be correlated by quantitative real time PCR with increased expression of the heavy metal efflux pump CzcCBA and its cognate two-component regulator genes czcR-czcS. Western blot analysis revealed reduced expression of the basic @entity535 and @entity2893 -specific OprD porin in all @entity2892 -resistant mutants. Sequencing of the czcR-czcS DNA region in eight independent @entity219 - and @entity2892 -resistant mutants revealed the presence of the same @entity66943 mutation in the CzcS sensor protein. Overexpression in a susceptible wild type strain of the mutated CzsS protein, but not of the wild type form, resulted in decreased oprD and increased czcC expression. We further show that @entity219 is released from latex urinary catheters into urine in amounts sufficient to induce @entity2893 resistance in @entity796 , possibly compromising treatment of @entity293 by this class of antibiotics.

title: CzcR-CzcS, a two-component system involved in heavy metal and XXXX resistance in @entity796 .

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential use of contact endoscopy for the diagnosis of persistent and recurrent @entity189 in postirradiated @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study to examine 64 consecutive @entity1 who have been irradiated for @entity189 in a clinic setting using contact rhinoscopes (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany [7215 AA, 0 degrees, and 7215 BA, 30 degrees; 23 cm long. 4 mm in diameter]). METHODS: The superficial cells of the posterior walls of the nasopharynx were stained with 1% @entity6693 and examined with contact rhinoscopes with the @entity1 under local anesthesia at high magnifications (x60 and x150). Biopsy of the areas under examination was performed. The contact endoscopic images were analyzed and correlated with the corresponding histological sections of the biopsy tissues. RESULTS: Contact endoscopy was performed in 64 @entity1 (54 @entity1 ; mean age, 42 y) with the use of local anesthesia. Four patterns of contact endoscopic findings were identified: squamous metaplasia (43 cases), postirradiation atypia (10), granulation tissue (6), and @entity5 (5). In the last group, the nasopharynx appeared normal in two @entity1 (40%). The findings of contact endoscopy correlated well with the histological findings (kappa reliability coefficient = 0.847; P <.001; diagnostic accuracy, 92.1%). For prediction of persistent and recurrent disease, the sensitivity and specificity of endoscopic findings were both 100%. CONCLUSION: Contact endoscopy is an accurate, reliable office-based procedure that allows for in vivo and in situ diagnosis of persistent and recurrent @entity189 in postirradiated @entity1 .

title: In vivo diagnosis of persistent and recurrent XXXX by contact endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has suggested possible sex-related differences in executive functioning among @entity2072 users; however, no studies specifically explain sex-related @entity149 (NCI) among @entity2072 users receiving clinical care. Knowledge about this association can aid in the development of targeted prevention strategies to reduce adverse health outcomes. This study was designed to examine the sex-related differences in NCI among high-risk @entity2072 users receiving substance-abuse treatment. METHODS: The Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS) was administered to 199 @entity2072 users (98 @entity1 ; 101 @entity1 ), receiving @entity284 maintainance treatment, to assess self-reported NCI by identifying the @entity1 ' awareness of neuropsychological symptoms. We used T-test comparison to find differences in NCI between @entity1 and @entity1 and multiple regression analysis to explore the relative contribution of sex to NCI. RESULTS: Consistent with prior work, high NCI was evident within this sample, as indicated by high scores on most of the NIS subscales. @entity1 reported greater impairment than @entity1 , as evidenced by significantly higher scores on several NIS subscales, after controlling for demographic and other confounding variables. Interestingly, @entity2072 craving significantly predicted NCI among @entity1 but not among @entity1 , as suggested by the significant association between @entity2072 craving and all except one of the NIS subscales. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity2072 users enter into treatment with a range of NCI - with @entity1 having significantly more @entity149 than @entity1 - that may contribute to differential treatment outcomes. This highlights the need to include additional services such as neuropsychological screening and sex-specific treatment programs to optimally reduce adverse health outcomes in these high-risk, @entity73 @entity1 .

title: Sex-Related Differences in Self-Reported @entity149 among High-Risk XXXX Users in @entity284 Maintenance Treatment Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitively impaired']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive deficits', 'differences in neurocognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['Cocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIM: @entity1647 , a rare @entity75 , is described as a triad of @entity384 of the fourth ventricle, complete or partial agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, and an enlarged posterior fossa with elevated tentorium. We aimed to report an association of @entity12608 and @entity1647 . CASE: A fifteen years old @entity1 was referred to endocrinology department due to delayed @entity1175 . Stages of male genital development according to Marshall and Tanner, was stage @entity63929 respectively. In the LHRH test, peak LH level was 40th min.:15.3 IU/ml. Peak growth hormone with insulin tolerance test was 14.5 microg/L. Olfactory test revealed light anosmia. With these findings the @entity1 was accepted as @entity7103 ( @entity244 ). In computed tomography of the brain, cerebellar vermis was found to be hypoplastic and 4th ventricle was large and in posterior fossa broad hypodens area with cerebrospinal fluid density were seen ( @entity1647 ). CONCLUSION: We reported an association of @entity12608 and @entity1647 . This is second reported case probably.

title: A rare embryological malformation of XXXX - and its association with @entity12608 .

entities_list: @entity7103 :: ('MESH:C535764', 'Disease') :: ['isolated gonadotropin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['congenital brain malformation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1647 :: ('MESH:D003616', 'Disease') :: ['Dandy-Walker malformation']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Kalmann's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity12608 :: ('MESH:D017436', 'Disease') :: ["Kallmann's syndrome"]

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain - Dandy-Walker syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study addressed whether age is prognostic for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) or @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 20,023 @entity1 from 24 first-line clinical trials in the ARCAD (Aide et Recherche en Canc  rologie Digestive) database were analyzed. Primary age effects and interactions with age,sex, performance status (PS), and metastatic site were modeled using Cox proportional hazards stratified by treatment arm within study. RESULTS: Of total @entity1 , 3,051 (15%) were age < or =50 years. Age was prognostic for both @entity1349 (P < .001)and @entity1349 (P < .001), with U-shaped risk (i.e., highest risk was evident in youngest and oldest @entity1 ). Relative to @entity1 of middle age, the youngest @entity1 experienced 19% (95% CI, 7% to 33%) increased risk of @entity204 and 22% (95% CI, 10% to 35%) increased risk of progression. The oldest @entity1 experienced 42% (95% CI, 31% to 54%) increased risk of @entity204 and 15% (95% CI, 7% to 24%) increased risk of progression or @entity204 . This relationship was more pronounced in the first year of follow-up. Age remained marginally significant for @entity1349 (P = .08) when adjusted forPS, sex, and presence of liver, lung, or peritoneal metastases, and age was significant in an adjusted model for @entity1349 (P = .005). The age effect did not differ by site of metastatic disease, year of enrollment, type of therapy received, or biomarker mutational status. CONCLUSION: Younger and older age are associated with poorer @entity1349 and @entity1349 among treated @entity1 with mCRC. Younger and older @entity1 may represent higher-risk populations, and additional studies are warranted.

title: Association of age with survival in XXXX with metastatic @entity14 : analysis from the ARCAD Clinical Trials Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'PFS', 'overall survival', 'progression-free survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between activities of daily living (ADL) impairment and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) severity in mild to moderately severe @entity195 @entity1 receiving the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor @entity11544 . METHODS: ADLs were evaluated using the @entity5122 ( @entity5122 ). Disease severity was assessed with the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). @entity1 were @entity1 in one of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with @entity11544 . RESULTS: Baseline @entity5122 scores differed significantly (P<.001) by disease severity. At Week 26, @entity5122 declines from baseline for placebo @entity1 were significantly different at all disease stages. Specific ADL affected were disease stage-dependent. @entity11544 treatment (6-12 mg/day) resulted in total @entity5122 scores being significantly improved compared with placebo at all disease stages, although the effect on individual items differed by severity. CONCLUSIONS: ADL impairment differs across the stages of @entity195 . Greater impairment in total ADL scores is observed with increasing severity of illness. However, the stage of illness determines the type of ADLs lost. Treatment response to @entity11544 occurs with mild, moderate and moderately severe @entity195 , with the largest effect in @entity1 with advancing severity of disease.

title: Impact of @entity195 and XXXX treatment on activities of daily living over the course of mild to moderately severe disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivastigmine', 'rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive Deterioration Scale', 'PDS']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity11544 :: (MESH:C072506,Chemical) :: ['rivastigmine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the characteristics and outcomes of @entity2783 @entity1 treated with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell reconstitution. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity2783 received transplants between March 1996 and January 2001. All @entity1 had evidence of a clonal @entity1581 ; those with nonimmunoglobulin forms of @entity2783 were excluded, as were those who had no symptoms of @entity2783 , @entity4125 , @entity923 , or symptomatic @entity1582 . RESULTS: Amyloid was seen clinically in the kidneys (n = 45 @entity1 ), heart (n = 32), peripheral nerves (n = 11), and liver (n = 11). A monoclonal protein was found in the serum in 46 @entity1 and in the urine in 57 @entity1 . The median daily urinary protein loss was 4.1 g. Septal thickness, measured by echocardiography, ranged from 7 to 24 mm (median, 12 mm); 8 @entity1 had a septal thickness > or =16 mm. Ten @entity1 received transplants 1 year or more after diagnosis. All @entity1 received melphalan-based chemotherapy; 17 @entity1 were conditioned with total body irradiation. Nine @entity1 required dialysis, 7 of whom died. Treatment-related mortality for stem cell transplantation was 14% (9/66). After a median of 25 months of follow-up after transplantation, the percentage of @entity1 alive with one organ involved was 91% (31 of 34); two organs, 82% (18 of 22); three organs, 33% (3 of 9); and four organs, 0% (0 of 1). Hematologic responses were seen in 33 @entity1 and organ responses in 32 @entity1 . The 2-year actuarial survival of all @entity1 was 70%. CONCLUSION: The number of organs involved before stem cell transplantation for @entity2783 is the most important factor in predicting subsequent survival. Stem cell transplantation should be considered as a treatment option for selected @entity1 with @entity2783 .

title: Stem cell transplantation for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['primary systemic amyloidosis']


abstract: Abstract Background: Use of mesh in @entity357 repairs is a topic of debate. We present our experience in laparoscopic primary (nonmesh) repair of @entity357 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All laparoscopic antireflux procedures done by a single surgeon from November 1997 to October 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were primary crural closure with pledgets and @entity357 (greater than one-third of the stomach in the chest by esophagram, greater than 5   cm in length endoscopically, or greater than one-third of the stomach in the chest operatively). We attempted to reach all @entity1 who met inclusion criteria and administered the @entity304 ( @entity304 ) and Quality of Life Scale for @entity354 (QLSGR) questionnaires. RESULTS: In total, 89 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. The male-to-female ratio was 32:57. Average age was 62.7 years. Average body mass index was 29.3 kg/m(2). Average length of stay was 2 days, and mean clinic follow-up was 161 days. At the most recent follow-up, 62% of @entity1 were asymptomatic. The most common postoperative symptoms were @entity1282 (16%), reflux/ @entity391 (5%), bloating (5%), @entity390 (4%), @entity158 (4%), and heartburn (3%). There were six (6.7%) recurrences on esophagogastroduodenoscopy or upper gastrointestinal examination. Five @entity1 with recurrence were symptomatic. Of the 89 @entity1 , 29 (33%) completed the questionnaire, with a mean follow-up of 69.7 months. Average @entity304 score was 12 (maximum possible score, 45). In six of nine categories, the average score was less than 1 (possible score, 0-5). Average QLSGR score was 12 (maximum possible score, 45). For satisfaction with the present condition, the average score was 4.34 (maximum score, 5), and 82.7% of respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with their present condition. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic primary repair of @entity357 provides excellent long-term results. We found that 62% of @entity1 were asymptomatic at the last follow-up and that 82% of respondents were satisfied or very satisfied. The recurrence rate was 6.7%.

title: Pledgeted repair of XXXX provides excellent long-term results.

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'Reflux Symptom Index']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['giant hiatal hernia', 'hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['giant hiatal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The normal duct and lobular system of the mammary gland is lined with luminal and myoepithelial cell types. Although evidence suggests that myoepithelial cells might suppress @entity5 growth, invasion and angiogenesis, their role remains a major enigma in @entity0 biology and few models are currently available for exploring their influence. Several years ago a spontaneous transplantable mammary @entity420 (M38) arose in our BALB/c colony; it contains a malignant myoepithelial cell component and is able to metastasize to draining lymph nodes and lung. METHODS: To characterize this @entity5 further, primary M38 cultures were established. The low-passage LM38-LP subline contained two main cell components up to the 30th subculture, whereas the higher passage LM38-HP subline was mainly composed of small spindle-shaped cells. In addition, a large spindle cell clone (LM38-D2) was established by dilutional cloning of the low-passage MM38-LP cells. These cell lines were studied by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and ploidy, and syngeneic @entity19 were inoculated subcutaneously and intravenously with the different cell lines, either singly or combined to establish their tumorigenic and metastatic capacity. RESULTS: The two subpopulations of LM38-LP cultures were characterized as luminal and myoepithelium-like cells, whereas LM38-HP was mainly composed of small, spindle-shaped epithelial cells and LM38-D2 contained only large myoepithelial cells. All of them were tumorigenic when inoculated into syngeneic @entity19 , but only LM38-LP cultures containing both conserved luminal and myoepithelial malignant cells developed aggressive @entity4937 that spread to lung and regional lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: The differentiated histopathology and metastatic ability of the spontaneous transplantable M38 @entity19 mammary @entity5 is associated with the presence and/or interaction of both luminal and @entity20027 cell types.

title: Malignant myoepithelial cells are associated with the differentiated papillary structure and metastatic ability of a syngeneic @entity19 mammary XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity20027 :: ('MESH:D009208', 'Disease') :: ['myoepithelial tumor']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Background. Multidisciplinary team (MDT) conferences have been introduced into standard @entity5 care, though evidence that it benefits the @entity1 is weak. We used the national Swedish @entity5 Register to evaluate predictors for case discussion at a MDT conference and its impact on treatment. Material and methods. Of the 6760 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 in Sweden between 2007 and 2010, 78% were evaluated at a MDT. Factors that influenced whether a @entity1 was discussed at a preoperative MDT conference were evaluated in 4883 @entity1 , and the impact of MDT evaluation on the implementation of preoperative radiotherapy was evaluated in 1043 @entity1 with pT3c-pT4 M0 @entity5 , and in 1991 @entity1 with pN+ M0 @entity5 . Results. Hospital volume, i.e. the number of @entity5 surgical procedures performed per year, was the major predictor for MDT evaluation. @entity1 treated at hospitals with < 29 procedures per year had an odds ratio (OR) for MDT evaluation of 0.15. Age and @entity5 stage also influenced the chance of MDT evaluation. MDT evaluation significantly predicted the likelihood of being treated with preoperative radiotherapy in @entity1 with pT3c-pT4 M0 @entity5 (OR 5.06, 95% CI 3.08-8.34), and pN+ M0 (OR 3.55, 95% CI 2.60-4.85), even when corrected for co-morbidity and age. Conclusion. @entity1 with @entity5 treated at high-volume hospitals are more likely to be discussed at a MDT conference, and that is an independent predictor of the use of adjuvant radiotherapy. These results indirectly support the introduction into clinical practice of discussing all @entity5 @entity1 at MDT conferences, not least those being treated at low-volume hospitals.

title: Multidisciplinary team conferences promote treatment according to guidelines in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal Cancer', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 121 Background: Low-grade in   ammation, characterized by high cytokine activity, plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Further, cytokines and other inflammatory biomarkers are closely implicated in @entity5 growth, angiogenesis, and @entity3 . This metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials estimates the effects of exercise training in the control of the serum levels of cytokines and other inflammatory markers in @entity0 survivors. METHODS: PRISMA statement and the Cochrane Handbook were followed. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus and DARE database to retrieve randomized controlled trials published between 1980- March 2014 providing effect estimates of exercise interventions in the serum levels of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) -2, @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity39 factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) in @entity0 survivors. An Inverse of variance (IV) fixed-effects model was conducted in absence of heterogeneity (I(2)<50%); otherwise a random-effects model was selected. Mean Differences (MD) were calculated to estimate differences between groups (p<0.05 with 95% Confidence interval). Heterogeneity was measured with the Chi(2) test (p<0.10) and I(2) statistics. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies were included (n=1,447; mean age= 51.6 years old). Exercise interventions resulted in positive effects for @entity1851 (MD= 0.37, 95%CI, 0.04 to 0.71; p= 0.03; I(2)=15%), @entity1199 (MD= -6.04, 85%CI, -11.41 to -0.67; p=0.03; I(2)=0%), @entity688 (-22.90, 95%CI, -41.27 to -4.53; p=0.001, I(2)=0%) and waist circumference as indicator of body composition (MD= -1.12, 95%CI, -2.06 to -0.18; p=0.02; I(2)=45%). Non-significant differences were observed for @entity650 and @entity310 . There was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that exercise training improves the systemic pro-inflammatory profile in @entity0 survivors and consequently the immunological responses and the carcinogenic processes related to tumoral environment. The effects observed for @entity688 provide a novel focus of evidence for the role of exercise as an effective anti-inflammatory intervention in @entity5 survivors.

title: Exercise training, inflammatory cytokines, and other markers of low-grade inflammation in XXXX survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['tumoral necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of central stimulant medication in adults with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) who receive opioid maintenance treatment remains controversial and empirical evidence is limited. Because of the abuse potential of stimulant drugs, Norway has restrictions on prescribing central stimulants to individuals who have substance use disorders or who are on opioid maintenance treatment. In this naturalistic study, we describe experiences from a program through which central stimulant medication was administered to @entity1 with @entity71 receiving opioid maintenance treatment. METHODS: This report is based on a program evaluation of a combined treatment project designed to provide stimulant medication to @entity1 with adult @entity71 who were receiving opioid maintenance treatment. As part of the clinical treatment, @entity1 were monitored closely for any medical issues or adverse medication reactions and provided regular urine samples for analysis and information regarding demographics, treatment goals, legal involvement, diagnoses, @entity734 , and @entity71 symptoms. Monitoring occurred at baseline, at 2 months (after @entity1 being stabilized on the central stimulant), and again at 3, 6 and 24 months. RESULTS: Among 42 @entity1 initially offered the combined treatment, 24 were actually eligible, 20 started the combined treatment, and 10 stayed in the program. We were not able to identify a single major cause of treatment dropout. @entity1 reported significantly fewer symptoms of @entity71 at the 6- to 8-week point, regardless of whether the data were analyzed using an intent-to-treat (all @entity1 ) or per-protocol (only those with complete data at all points) method. Even though self-assessed @entity71 scores dropped significantly during treatment, the scores still remained fairly high, suggesting persistent functional impairment. Neither severe complications nor @entity734 were observed during treatment with central stimulants. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show some promise with regard to the safety and utility of central stimulant medications for @entity1 with @entity71 who are receiving opioid maintenance treatment. Our study has methodological limitations, and systematic, well-designed clinical investigations are needed to increase the knowledge base.

title: Stimulant medication for XXXX in opioid maintenance treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse', 'increase in substance abuse']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity101 is estimated to cause 4.5% of current @entity66 and is as prevalent in many developing countries, as in the developed world. Blood pressure-induced @entity65 rises continuously across the whole blood pressure range. Countries vary widely in capacity for management of @entity101 , but worldwide the majority of diagnosed @entity101 are inadequately controlled. This statement addresses the ascertainment of overall @entity65 to establish thresholds for initiation and goals of treatment, appropriate treatment strategies for non-drug and drug therapies, and cost-effectiveness of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Since publication of the WHO/ISH Guidelines for the Management of @entity101 in 1999, more evidence has become available to support a systolic blood pressure threshold of 140 mmHg for even 'low-risk' @entity1 . In high-risk @entity1 there is evidence for lower thresholds. Lifestyle modification is recommended for all individuals. There is evidence that specific agents have benefits for @entity1 with particular compelling indications, and that monotherapy is inadequate for the majority of @entity1 . For @entity1 without a compelling indication for a particular drug class, on the basis of comparative trial data, availability, and cost, a low dose of diuretic should be considered for initiation of therapy. In most places a thiazide diuretic is the cheapest option and thus most cost effective, but for compelling indications where other classes provide additional benefits, even if more expensive, they may be more cost effective. In high-risk @entity1 who attain large benefits from treatment, expensive drugs may be cost effective, but in low-risk @entity1 treatment may not be cost-effective unless the drugs are cheap.

title: 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of @entity101 (ISH) statement on management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['global disease burden']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4878 have been studied as chemopreventive treatment for @entity1 with @entity189 . @entity904 modulates growth and differentiation of cells, and its deficiency enhances susceptibility to @entity105 . The chemopreventive mechanism of action of @entity904 is discussed, and a review of clinical results and side effects of the systemic use of @entity904 is included. The objective of the current report was to review the possible role of topical @entity904 and @entity904 derivatives in the management of @entity1 with @entity75 with a risk of transformation to @entity189 . METHODS: A Medline search was conducted and references identified within the identified papers were also reviewed. RESULTS: Only four studies using topical @entity904 for @entity1 with @entity8407 have been reported. A complete response was achieved in 10-27% of @entity1 , and a partial response was achieved in 54-90% of @entity1 ; however, recurrence of @entity12120 was reported after withdrawing the medication in approximately 50% of @entity1 . The side effects of the topical use were minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Although the direct application of higher concentrations of @entity1968 results in @entity8407 only, its use in the treatment of @entity1 with recurrent and persistent lesions may be justified for controlling lesions that otherwise may progress. Further controlled clinical studies are needed.

title: The effect of XXXX on @entity75 : focus on topical therapy.

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoids']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['oral leukoplakia', 'suppression of oral leukoplakias']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'Vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity4878 :: (MESH:D012176,Chemical) :: ['retinoids']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14537 is a form of infantile @entity11125 characterized by excessive body size from the time of birth, particular facies, acromegalic changes and signs of non-progressive cerebral involvement. The etiology is unknown. Diagnosis is based on somatometric data and the particular phenotype traits. Biochemical and endocrine studies are normal. Torticollis is a @entity3520 and therefore more common in adults. CLINICAL CASE: A 20 year old @entity1 with macrosomic features since birth presented with: weight 104 kg, height 182 cm; prognathism, @entity5766 , a broad over hanging forehead with a high hair line; large ears, hands and feet; torticollis towards the right with elevation and anteroversion of the right shoulder which caused symptomatic @entity1635 . She was bradypsychic and rather slow in speech. The complementary tests done (cerebral and cervical CT and MR, bone gammography, evoked potentials, EMG-ENG, sural nerve biopsy, biopsy of skin and muscle, EEG and hormone and biochemistry studies) were normal. The torticollis was treated with botulinus toxin and improved considerably, as did the @entity1635 . CONCLUSIONS: To date, @entity3519 has not been described in association with @entity14537 . This may be a causal association, or even perhaps hereditary, since the @entity1 's mother had @entity3519 (in the form of @entity9663 ).

title: [ @entity14537 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity14537 :: ('MESH:D058495', 'Disease') :: ['Sotos syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

answer: @entity3520 :: (MESH:D020821,Disease) :: ['focal dystonia']