abstract: The @entity2451 family of transcription factors is an important regulator of genes expressed during inflammatory responses, immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. Recently, members of the NF-kappaB family, including @entity9135 ( @entity9135 ), have been implicated in promoting survival of various @entity5 , including T cell malignancies such as @entity6494 . We investigated the expression of active @entity2451 @entity9135 ( @entity9135 ) in cases of @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) and the effect of chemical inhibitors of @entity2451 on apoptosis in @entity784 ( @entity784 ) cell lines. @entity982 -embedded tissues from 23 cutaneous lesions and a single lymph node biopsy from @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4888 were evaluated for @entity9135 ( @entity9135 ) expression by using a monoclonal mouse antibody that detects the activated form of @entity9135 ( @entity9135 ). Apoptosis after treatment with the @entity2451 inhibitors gliotoxin, @entity16626 , @entity30462 , and @entity30231 was quantitatively measured in the @entity784 cell lines HuT-78 and HH by @entity2667 (PI)/cell cycle analysis for detection of a hypodiploid (sub-G(0)) population and by determination of increased Annexin V/ @entity10713 (7-AAD) expression. Nuclear extracts from @entity784 cells before and after chemical inhibition were analyzed for @entity2451 nuclear DNA-binding activity by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with quantitative densitometry. Nuclear expression of @entity9135 ( @entity9135 ) before and after treatment with the various inhibitory compounds was measured by immunofluorescence staining in each @entity784 cell line. Neoplastic T lymphocytes from 22 of 24 cases of @entity4888 showed strong nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of active @entity9135 ( @entity9135 ). Compared with untreated control cells, a marked increase in apoptosis, a significant decrease in @entity2451 DNA-binding activity, and a marked decrease in nuclear @entity9135 ( @entity9135 ) expression were seen in cells from both @entity784 cell lines after chemical @entity2451 inhibition. These data show that the active form of @entity9135 ( @entity9135 ) is commonly expressed in neoplastic T lymphocytes in @entity1 with @entity4888 . In @entity784 cell lines, the significant decrease in nuclear @entity2451 expression and the marked increase in spontaneous apoptosis caused by chemical @entity2451 inhibition suggest a critical role for @entity2451 in the pathogenesis and @entity5 cell maintenance of CTCLs. HUM PATHOL 31:1482-1490.

title: Constitutive expression of @entity2451 is a characteristic feature of XXXX : implications for apoptosis resistance and pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hematopoeitic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity10713 :: ('MESH:C025942', 'Chemical') :: ['7-amino-actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['CTCL', 'cutaneous T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: @entity74 of sexual development (DSD) is characterized by the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissues in the same individual. The most common karyotype is 46,XX. Here, we report the case of a @entity1 with a 46,XX/47,XXY karyotype diagnosed as @entity4998 by gonadal biopsy. A 5-month-old @entity1 presented with @entity2650 , @entity246 , and a @entity18272 . Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a suspicious gonad tissue that is solid in structure in the right scrotum and a suspicious gonad that is cystic in structure in the left inguinal canal. He underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood revealed a 46,XX/47,XXY karyotype. Histopathologic examination of the left gonad showed ovarian tissue containing primordial follicles with ipsilateral undifferentiated tuba uterina. The right gonad showed immature testis tissue. He underwent left gonadectomy and @entity2650 repair, and was raised as a male. Through this rare case, we highlight the importance of histological and cytogenetic investigation in DSD.

title: XXXX of sexual development and a rare 46,XX/47,XXY karyotype.

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['ovotesticular DSD']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity18272 :: ('MESH:C536649', 'Disease') :: ['micropenis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Ovotesticular disorder']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Ovotesticular disorder']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) effusion on magnetic resonance (MR) images, and its association with specific categories of disk displacement, @entity236 and @entity158 . From a series of 523 consecutive @entity1348 MR imaging studies of @entity1 referred to imaging because of @entity158 and dysfunction, those with @entity1348 effusion, defined as an amount of fluid that exceeded the maximum amount seen in a control group of asymptomatic volunteers, were analysed. The selected @entity1 were reassessed and the amount of @entity1348 fluid was graded bilaterally according to a set of reference films. Other parameters recorded included disk displacement categories and @entity236 . @entity158 self-records were obtained from the @entity1 immediately before MR imaging. The association between the recorded parameters and @entity158 was analysed with t-tests and regression analysis. Of the 523 @entity1 , 70 (13%) had @entity1348 effusion, which was unilateral in 61%. Only 9% of the 70 @entity1 had effusion bilaterally, whereas bilateral disk displacement was found in 80%. In the 76 joints with effusion, 83% showed two specific categories of disk displacement at @entity2133 . @entity236 were found in 31% of the 70 @entity1 , mostly on one side, and in 24% of the 76 joints. An in- @entity1 regression analysis of the side difference in @entity158 showed that effusion and @entity236 were significant @entity158 -increasing factors. In conclusion, @entity1 with @entity1348 effusion represent a subgroup with @entity158 and dysfunction with more severe intra-articular pathology than those with disk displacement but no other @entity2720 .

title: MR grading of XXXX fluid: association with disk displacement categories, @entity236 and @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['closed mouth']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'TMJ pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow abnormalities', 'Condyle marrow abnormalities', 'condyle marrow abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity989 ( @entity989 ) is a @entity3217 associated with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). @entity989 prevalence has been reported to be increased in subjects with familial or sporadic @entity14 ( @entity23 ), suggesting that some individuals with @entity10915 have an attenuated form of @entity1412 . Other studies have not confirmed these clinical observations and have failed to identify mutations in the gene responsible for @entity1412 , but the reason for the discrepancy in relation to @entity989 prevalence has not been resolved. We determined the prevalence of @entity989 in subjects without @entity23 (negative @entity23 ), subjects with @entity1412 (positive @entity23 ), and subjects with @entity1412 (test cohort). METHOD: A cohort study consisting of 37 negative control subjects, 9 positive control subjects with documented @entity1412 gene mutations, and 36 test subjects with @entity1412 but no identified pathogenic @entity1412 gene mutation. The diagnosis of @entity4309 was excluded in the test cohort by testing for microsatellite instability in @entity5 tissue. RESULTS: None of the 37 @entity1 in the negative control group had @entity989 . Five of nine (56%) @entity1 with @entity1412 had multiple @entity989 lesions. None of the 36 subjects in the test cohort had @entity989 lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmoscopy may contribute to risk assessment in families with @entity1412 but not in @entity1412 . Care must be exercised when interpreting @entity3217 because 8-13% of subjects in each of the cohorts had @entity989 that were not @entity989 . @entity66 and lesions with a depigmented halo were the hallmarks of @entity989 associated with @entity1412 .

title: @entity989 ( @entity989 ) in familial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10915 :: ('MESH:C563924', 'Disease') :: ['non-polyposis CRC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral lesions']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented fundus lesions', 'pigmented fundus lesion']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['control cohort', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['non-polyposis colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium', 'CHRPE', 'pigmented retinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial non-polyposis CRC', 'familial adenomatous polyposis', 'APC', 'FAP']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of two regimens of @entity3753 therapy for @entity6583 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTINGS: @entity1 admitted to neurologic wards in Lima, Peru. @entity1 : Adult @entity1 with active @entity6583 demonstrated by CT and Western blot (immunoblot). INTERVENTION: One week (n = 25) versus 2 weeks (n = 25) of @entity3753 therapy. MEASUREMENTS: Decrease in the number of cysts on CT. RESULTS: Effectiveness of @entity3753 was 78%, with no difference between the groups when compared 3 months after therapy. Complete cure was obtained in only 38% of @entity1 . @entity1 with more than 20 cysts had poorer responses to therapy. The clinical course and EEG evolution improved in most @entity1 . Side effects were present in 38% of @entity1 , mainly mild, transient @entity344 . Therapy was also associated with exacerbation of neurologic symptoms. Two @entity1 died in the first year after therapy, both because of aggregated infections of ventricle-peritoneal shunts. One-year follow-up CT showed lesions in three of 10 @entity1 presumed to be cured 3 months after therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Extension of @entity3753 therapy for more than 7 days adds no benefits for the @entity1 .

title: @entity3753 therapy for XXXX : a prospective double-blind trial comparing 7 versus 14 days of treatment. Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru.

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['neurocysticercosis']


abstract: @entity9703 and @entity10175 ( @entity10175 ) are cytoplasmic substrates of @entity669 kinase receptors that engage, localize, and activate downstream SH2 enzymes. Each contains a @entity10393 -binding (PTB) domain that is structurally unrelated to SH2 domains. We have designed high-affinity, cellular inhibitors of the @entity9703 PTB domain by incorporating nonnatural, phosphatase-resistant @entity1522 into short peptides. None of the inhibitors bind the @entity10175 PTB domain, consistent with distinct specificities for domains. The best inhibitor of the @entity9703 domain was introduced by electroporation into Rat1 fibroblasts that express @entity1 insulin receptors. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of @entity9703 was inhibited, with no effect on @entity10175 , and downstream effects on mitogen-activated protein kinase and DNA synthesis were both inhibited. The PTB domain inhibitor had less influence on epidermal growth factor-induced effects and essentially no impact on serum- or @entity4621 -induced effects. The inhibitor did not affect insulin internalization and its degradation. We conclude that the PTB domain of @entity9703 is critical for its phosphorylation by the @entity8277 , that @entity9703 is an important mediator of insulin's mitogenic effects, and that @entity9703 is not central to @entity8277 cycling in these cells. PTB domains can be inhibited selectively in cells and represent potential targets for drug discovery.

title: Cellular effects of XXXX -binding domain inhibitors on @entity8277 signaling and trafficking.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity10175 :: ('3667', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor substrate 1', 'IRS-1']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity10393 :: (CHEBI:74956,Chemical) :: ['phosphotyrosine']


abstract: Spontaneous repair or treatment-induced recovery after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) is very limited and might be related to extramedullary alterations that have only briefly been documented. Here we report on the morphological changes of the spinal subarachnoid space (SAS) in a clinically relevant model of @entity1566 . Anesthetized @entity35 were subjected either to mild or severe @entity1566 at T9. Spine blocks from the site of injury and adjacent segments were harvested at acute (1 h and 1 day [d]), subacute (3 and 7 d), and chronic (1 and 3 months) stages post-injury. Histopathology and morphometry at each decalcified vertebral level were assessed. At acute and subacute stages, reduction of SAS lumen was observed after both mild and severe @entity130 . Acutely, after severe @entity130 , SAS occlusion was associated mainly with cord swelling and @entity510 ; a trend for dural sac constriction was observed for mild @entity130 . At 7 d, cord swelling diminished in both instances, but dural sac constriction increased for severe @entity130 . At early stages, in the epicenter and vicinity, histopathology revealed @entity531 within the SAS, which was more intense in severe than in mild @entity130 . In the chronic stage, SAS lumen increased notably, mostly from @entity194 , despite dural sac constriction. Myelograms complemented observations made on SAS lumen permeability. Post-traumatic @entity2443 occurred mainly in animals with @entity130 . In conclusion, early extramedullary SAS changes described here might be expected to produce alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and cord blood perfusion, thereby contributing to the pathophysiology of @entity1566 and becoming novel targets for treatment.

title: Spatial and temporal morphological changes in the subarachnoid space after graded XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hematomas']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cord atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI', 'spinal cord contusion']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['compression of neurovascular elements']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'severe injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord contusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A key aim when conducting systematic reviews of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) is to include all of the evidence, if possible. Serious bias may result if trials are missed through inadequate search strategies. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the search plan for identifying @entity23 in nutrition as part of a systematic review, in The Cochrane Library, of nutritional supplementation trials in @entity1 after @entity173 . DESIGN: We identified potential studies by searching the electronic databases BIOSIS, CABNAR, CINAHL, EMBASE, HEALTHSTAR, and MEDLINE; reference lists in trial reports; and other relevant articles. We also contacted investigators and other experts for information and searched 4 nutrition journals by hand. RESULTS: We identified 15 @entity23 that met the predefined inclusion criteria. The search plan identified 8 trials each in EMBASE, HEALTHSTAR, and MEDLINE and 7 in BIOSIS and CABNAR. BIOSIS was the only electronic database source of 2 trials. Eleven trials were identified by searching electronic databases and 2 unpublished trials were identified via experts in the field. We found one trial, published only as a conference abstract, by searching nutrition journals by hand. After publication of the protocol for the review in The Cochrane Library, we were informed of another unpublished trial. CONCLUSIONS: We found that a limited search plan based on only MEDLINE or one of the other commonly available databases would have failed to locate nearly one-half of the studies. To protect against bias, the search plan for a systematic review of nutritional interventions should be comprehensive.

title: Lessons for search strategies from a systematic review, in The Cochrane Library, of nutritional supplementation trials in @entity1 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examined the antibody responses after recombinant @entity1956 vaccine in juvenile @entity1252 @entity1 and whether antibody levels were affected by immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS: This study consisted of 64 juvenile @entity1252 @entity1 and 24 healthy controls. We evaluated HBsAg, Anti-HBs and Anti-HbcIgG titers in @entity1252 @entity1 . 24 @entity1 (37%) were non-immunised, 39 @entity1 were immunised (61%) and 1 @entity1 (1.5%) was chronic @entity1956 carrier. Of the 24 non-immunised @entity1 , 3 had active disease (SLEDAI>10) and 1 was being treated for @entity378 so they were not included in the vaccination program. Twenty non-immunised @entity1252 @entity1 were given 3 dose recombinant @entity1956 vaccine doses at 0,1,6 months. AntiHBs antibody titer >10 IU/ml one month after the last dose of vaccine was accepted as seroconversion. RESULTS: After 3 doses of vaccination, 16 (80%) of @entity1252 @entity1 and all of the healthy controls had seroconversion. Since two @entity1 had SLEDAI score >10 after the first 2 doses of vaccine and one @entity1 had SLEDAI score >10 after the first dose, these @entity1 were given only two doses of @entity1956 vaccine. These @entity1 had already seroconverted. One @entity1 had exacerbation of the disease one month after the third dose of the vaccine. Protective antibody responses were statistically insignificant between the two groups (p=0.49). Geometric mean antibody titers of @entity1252 @entity1 were lower than those of the healthy controls. Adequate antibody response was not affected by immunosuppressive treatment as @entity229 , @entity500 , and @entity6383 . CONCLUSIONS: Juvenile @entity1252 @entity1 could reach an adequate antibody response after recombinant @entity1956 vaccination and this response is not affected by immunosuppressive treatment.

title: XXXX vaccination in juvenile @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['Hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1725 is a rare disease characterized by @entity5 and massive @entity843 . The mainstay of treatment is surgery in combination with adjuvant therapy. METHODOLOGY: From 1995 to 2002, 8 @entity1 with pathologically confirmed @entity1725 were studied. After surgical debulking, intraoperative intraperitoneal @entity221 was performed followed by 5 days of postoperative intraperitoneal @entity221 . Normal saline at 46 C was used for @entity221 . @entity1 were followed for clinical data, survival, morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: The appendix was the origin of @entity1725 in 6 @entity1 , the ovary in 1 @entity1 , and the fallopian tube in another. The pathologic diagnosis was @entity3079 in 4 @entity1 , @entity4347 in 3, and @entity8940 in 1. Associated morbidity and mortality was 12.5% and 0, respectively. The recurrence rate was 62.5%, with a median follow-up of 52.5 months. The estimated 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 100%, 88%, and 49%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical debulking followed by 46 C normal saline intraperitoneal @entity221 resulted in a 5-year survival of 49% with low morbidity and no mortality for the treatment of @entity1725 . We concluded that this is an easy, safe, and efficacious treatment for @entity1 with this rare disease.

title: Intraperitoneal XXXX in the management of @entity1725 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse intraperitoneal mucinous tumor']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous ascites']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei', 'Pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report treatment outcomes of @entity1 with different types of @entity174 , following a tailored treatment protocol. DESIGN: The patterns and the severity of the @entity174 were determined by a preoperative facial photo and nasal bone computed tomography (CT) retrospectively. SETTING: A tertiary referral centre. @entity1 : We evaluated 129 @entity1 who underwent surgery between March 2002 and January 2014. @entity1 were subjected to five different treatment methods depending on the severity of injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical records were reviewed to assess rates of complications and revision surgery. Cosmetic and functional (the degree of nasal obstruction) outcomes were measured using the Likert scale from 1 (very dissatisfied, severe obstruction) to 5 (very satisfied, no obstruction). RESULTS: The mean elapsed time from injury to surgery was 14.9 days. The overall treatment failure rate, defined as a deformity that required revision, was 6.2%. The @entity1 satisfaction scores for aesthetic and functional outcomes were 3.9 and 4.6 respectively. CONCLUSION: The prudent selection of @entity1 with indication for closed reduction, and further specification of variable treatment options for the various degrees of @entity174 , may be helpful in achieving an improved treatment outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: level IV.

title: An Asian perspective on improving outcomes for nasal bone XXXX by establishing specific treatment options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'nasal bone fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity788 have only short survival after diagnosis, irrespective of treatment. The aim of this study was to perform a health economic evaluation of present standard treatment (in most cases, palliative treatment in combination with best supportive care) versus palliative treatment with @entity136 in combination with best supportive care in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity3123 . DESIGN: The use of resources and associated costs according to present treatment practice were estimated and calculated retrospectively. Costs were calculated from diagnosis until @entity204 . Actual costs and treatment effects for the @entity1 population were compared with expected treatment costs for the same population if they additionally received @entity136 . SETTING: This economic analysis is based on a hypothetical comparison and was performed from a societal point of view. @entity1 AND @entity1 : The study population consisted of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity788 during the year April 1994 to March 1995 and resident in Stockholm County, Sweden. After exclusions, 184 @entity1 were included in the economic analysis. INTERVENTIONS: The effects of @entity136 treatment on survival and disease-related symptoms were extrapolated from the results of a recent randomised clinical trial in North America. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: The estimated additional costs for chemotherapy, treatment of adverse effects and in- and outpatient care associated with @entity136 treatment were approximately 132,000 Swedish kronor (SEK) per life-year gained. This result is comparable with costs per life-year gained for other accepted treatments, for example those of home dialysis and kidney transplants for @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity136 in @entity1 with @entity788 may be a cost-effective alternative, but the results need to be confirmed in future randomised trials.

title: Treatment of locally advanced @entity3123 in Sweden. A health economic comparison of palliative treatment with best supportive care versus palliative treatment with XXXX in combination with best supportive care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: We have aimed at characterizing top soil samples taken in-situ from five different locations of the unregulated dumping site in Eski  ehir/ @entity233 for a period of six months. The study is the first attempt in the city and in @entity233 , regarding particularly the SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction Technique) analysis method utilized. A comprehensive research has been conducted to produce critical soil data to be used for indicating current risks as well as the urgency of rehabilitating the site and establishing a sanitary landfill in the site. Conventional physicochemical analytical methods and SPME technique were used to analyze the samples. Physicochemical analyses were performed for determining the pH, total dried matter, volatile matter, total @entity1568 , @entity3151 , macro elements and heavy metals. Meteorological data were also recorded for the same period. SPSS.10.0 statistical program was used to determine the correlation between meteorological data and physicochemical analysis results. Mean values were used in the correlation analyses. These data indicated that the air temperature and precipitation have significant effects on soil characteristics. SPME, coupled with GC/ @entity15 , was used to identify eighty six volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds contained in soil samples. The samples were extracted by headspace SPME with heating (DeltaHS-SPME). SPME analyses were conducted using a commercially available @entity13768 / @entity33218 ( @entity16549 /DVB) fiber having a film thickness of 65 microm (Supelco) as a capture medium. The experimentally optimized headspace sampling conditions were arranged (15 min. at 50 degrees C) before a 30 min. sampling period.

title: Characterization of an urban landfill soil by using physicochemical analysis and solid phase microextraction (SPME)-GC/ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']

entities_list: @entity33218 :: ('MESH:C004985', 'Chemical') :: ['divinylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic features and the expressions of proliferation cell nuclear antigen ( @entity1364 ) in @entity43 ( @entity43 ). METHODS: The primary @entity43 , implants and recurrent specimens of 48 cases of @entity43 were studied. Expression of @entity1364 was determined by avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Clinical data for all @entity1 were abstracted from hospital records. RESULTS: While the primary @entity43 have the characteristic histological pictures of borderline @entity5 , three different types of histologic appearance including benign, noninvasive and invasive were shown by their peritoneal implants. All benign and most noninvasive implants were @entity1364 negative or weakly positive, and the 25 @entity1 were free from @entity5 5-28 years after their operations. Some of the noninvasive implants (9/22) were recurrent, and a few (3/22) underwent malignant transformation 10-23 years after surgery. The only one invasive implant was @entity1364 strongly positive and the @entity1 died 3.5 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: The different histologic types of the peritoneal implants are of prognostic significance and are factors to be considered in determining the treatment project. The diagnostic value of @entity1364 immunoreactivity in implantations is confirmed.

title: [Clinicopathological evaluation on XXXX and their implants].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['OSBT', 'ovarian serous borderline tumours', 'ovarian tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian serous borderline tumours']


abstract: @entity908 kinase (CK) release curves were analysed in 40 @entity1 with @entity583 . Three groups could be identified. Group A (duration of CK release less than 30 hours) comprised 15 @entity1 whose CK release was completed within 22.8 hours. In these @entity1 @entity662 was noted on the first hospital day and necropsy in three showed a homogeneous @entity583 . Group B (duration of CK release greater then 30 hours) comprised 16 @entity1 who had a significantly longer CK release time of 42.2 hours (P less than or equal to 0.05). Their @entity662 persisted for two to three days and pathological examination in five @entity1 showed a heterogeneous composition of the infarcted @entity1562 . Group C comprised nine @entity1 who had a second rise of serum CK. This was always associated with @entity662 . It reflected an extension of the @entity1188 which accounted on average for 24 per cent of the size of the final @entity1188 . We concluded that a CK release of short duration indicated @entity1188 without extension, CK release of longer duration indicated a gradual extension of @entity1188 , and a repeated CK release resulted from a sudden extension of an @entity1188 . According to these criteria an extension of the @entity1188 occurred in 62 per cent of our @entity1 .

title: @entity908 kinase release in XXXX : correlation with clinical, electrocardiographic, and pathological findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1615 is a complex spinal pathology characterized as a three-dimensional spine deformity combined with @entity717 . Various surgical techniques for correction of severe @entity85 have evolved and became more advanced in applying the corrective forces. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between corrective forces acting on deformed rods and degree of @entity1635 correction. METHODS: Implant rod geometries of six adolescent @entity2112 @entity1 were measured before and after surgery. An elasto-plastic finite element model of the implant rod before surgery was reconstructed for each @entity1 . An inverse method based on Finite Element Analysis was used to apply forces to the implant rod model such that it was deformed the same after surgery. Relationship between the magnitude of corrective forces and degree of correction expressed as change of Cobb angle was evaluated. The effects of screw configuration on the corrective forces were also investigated. FINDINGS: Corrective forces acting on rods and degree of correction were not correlated. Increase in number of implant screws tended to decrease the magnitude of corrective forces but did not provide higher degree of correction. Although greater correction was achieved with higher screw density, the forces increased at some level. INTERPRETATION: The biomechanics of @entity1635 correction is not only dependent to the corrective forces acting on implant rods but also associated with various parameters such as screw placement configuration and spine stiffness. Considering the magnitude of forces, increasing screw density is not guaranteed as the safest surgical strategy.

title: Relationship of forces acting on implant rods and degree of XXXX correction.

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['scoliotic deformity']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: We aimed to compare the safety of antidepressants for the treatment of @entity308 ( @entity308 ) with each other and with placebo. We conducted a systematic electronic search and included randomized controlled trials that investigated antidepressants for the treatment of @entity308 in adults. Outcomes were the incidence of experiencing any adverse event, specific adverse events and related treatment discontinuations. We analyzed the data using traditional and network meta-analyses. Thirty-four studies that comprised 4,769 @entity1 and examined 20 individual agents in nine substance classes were included. Almost all analyzed substance classes were associated with higher discontinuation rates than placebo including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), @entity1154 oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), antipsychotics, and the @entity750 antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) @entity3346 . The odds of experiencing any adverse event were significantly higher for TCAs and @entity750 @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) compared to placebo. Pairwise comparisons among the substance classes revealed that more @entity1 receiving TCAs or SNRIs experienced any adverse event and that more @entity1 receiving TCAs or the SARI trazodone discontinued treatment. The complementary treatment with @entity4162 showed lower rates of experiencing any adverse event and related discontinuations than all other comparators. TCAs were primarily associated with (anti-)cholinergic and sedating adverse events. SSRIs primarily showed gastrointestinal adverse events. @entity1 treated with the antipsychotic @entity14867 were more likely to manifest @entity1017 and endocrine adverse events. The comparative evidence for further agents was insufficient or lacking. The identified safety differences may be used to inform the selection among the antidepressants.

title: Comparative Safety of Pharmacologic Treatments for Persistent XXXX : A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['trazodone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['persistent depressive disorder', 'PDD']

entities_list: @entity14867 :: ('MESH:C012052', 'Chemical') :: ['amisulpride']

entities_list: @entity4162 :: ('MESH:D000108', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-l-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive Disorder']


abstract: DNA repair ability is reduced in a variety of pathologic conditions. In addition, in some of these diseases a disturbance in cellular Ca homeostasis occurs or cytosolic ( @entity141 ) responses to various stimuli are impaired. The leading environmental cause for genomal DNA damage is ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate a possible dependence of UV-induced DNA repair ability on cytosolic @entity141 in @entity1 lymphocytes and (2) to assess the direct effect of UV irradiation on @entity141 homeostasis in these cells. UV-induced DNA repair ability in lymphocytes was maximal at 1 mmol/L @entity3282 in the medium. Suppression of DNA repair ability occurred after elevation or reduction of cellular ( @entity141 ) when various methods were used, including changes in @entity141 concentration in the medium, cellular @entity141 depletion by @entity4526 , excessive @entity141 concentration induced by ionophore, and shortening of @entity141 presence time during repair synthesis. UV irradiation caused an immediate and significant rise in cytosolic ( @entity141 ) that was the result of both enhanced @entity141 uptake and inhibition of plasma membrane Ca- @entity859 triphosphatase activity. The @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity670 inhibited both UV-induced DNA repair and UV-induced cytosolic ( @entity141 ) elevation. These results emphasize the importance of a precise cellular @entity141 level regulation for the optimal DNA repair process. UV irradiation, by inducing cellular @entity141 rise, may activate DNA repair as soon as DNA is damaged.

title: The role of calcium in XXXX lymphocyte DNA repair ability.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity4526 :: ('CHEBI:30740', 'Chemical') :: ["ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid"]

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A 58-year-old @entity1 with @entity8057 ( @entity8057 ) was scheduled for total knee arthroplasty for left proximal-end @entity174 . Before surgery, he took @entity619 2 mg orally, and his preoperative IgM level was 2,388 mg x dl(-1). The intraoperative course was favorable. Two days after surgery, he could move to a wheelchair. But, four days after surgery, he fell into @entity326 with disseminated @entity5642 . Furthermore, @entity1167 ocurred twice and he finally died. Autopsy revealed the large volume of turbid ascites and @entity4125 of the digestive tract mucosa and the endocardium. However, the @entity281 focus could be not identified. Four days after surgery, the blood culture showed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing @entity526 . In @entity1 with @entity854 in immunoglobulins may frequently lead to @entity281 . Decreased cellular immunity by surgical stress, may lead to severe @entity281 . Perioperative management, such as evaluation of the indications for surgery, appropriate administration of prophylactic antibiotics, and proper selection of anesthetic must be considered.

title: [ @entity326 after total knee arthroplasty in a XXXX with @entity8057 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibial fracture']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['WM, abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['WM', 'Waldenstr  m macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of @entity85 with @entity1513 and @entity850 of the spinal canal in producing secondary changes of the spinal cord has been discussed for quite some time. Since the advent of @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ), 20-40% of @entity1 with posttraumatic @entity451 are found to develop hydromyelia. PURPOSE OF OUR STUDY: To evaluate the influence of residual @entity85 , defined by the extent of the @entity1513 and @entity850 , in the development of posttraumatic hydromyelia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and seven cases of traumatic @entity451 with @entity2996 follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. A minimum of 3 years duration between @entity130 and @entity2996 study was required (mean 10.6 years [3.2-38.3]). For statistical analysis two groups of @entity1 were formed: with hydromyelia and without hydromyelia. After healing of the @entity174 , the extent of the @entity1513 and @entity850 , as well as the characteristics of the @entity451 were noted. RESULTS: We found that 53 @entity1 had hydromyelia. A highly significant correlation was found for the extent of @entity612 and the amount of @entity1513 . Cluster analysis indicated that @entity1 with more than 15 degrees of @entity1513 and more than 25% of @entity850 were twice as likely to develop hydromyelia. The level of the lesion and the remaining neurological function was not proven to have any influence towards the development of hydromyelia. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the idea that chronic mechanical stress to the spinal cord increases the risk for the development of hydromyelia. Surgical reconstruction should be considered for all @entity1 to prevent secondary changes of the spinal cord.

title: XXXX of the spinal canal in @entity1 with traumatic @entity451 and secondary changes of the spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Residual deformity']


abstract: E2F and DP family members are established regulators of the cell cycle. In this study, we examined their activity/expression during keratinocyte growth arrest. Treating @entity1 epidermal keratinocytes with the growth inhibitors @entity865 or @entity379 or allowing the cells to reach confluence resulted in 90% inhibition of DNA synthesis, whereas a keratinocyte-derived @entity957 cell line (SCC25) was resistant to growth inhibitors. Gel shift analysis of keratinocytes using an E2F response element indicated that growth arrest was associated with a decrease in all E2F binding complexes. This indicates that growth inhibition is not due to negative regulation by pocket proteins. Conversely, gel shift analysis of growth inhibitor-resistant @entity1 cells showed no decrease in E2F binding. If deregulated E2F expression/activity is involved in @entity5 development, then the deliberate deregulation of E2F activity may make keratinocytes resistant to growth inhibitors in much the same way as the SCC cells. The @entity1799 E7 protein is known to activate E2F. @entity281 of keratinocytes with E7-expressing constructs resulted in growth inhibitor resistance, whereas infection with E6 constructs did not. E2F is a heterodimeric complex consisting of E2F family members (1-5) and DP proteins (1-3). Examination of the expression levels for E2F genes and other genes associated with the cell cycle indicated that @entity16262 was profoundly decreased in growth-arrested keratinocytes (90%), whereas @entity29005 , @entity43354 , and @entity6291 were not. E2F2 and E2F4 were increased in @entity379 -treated keratinocytes but not in TPA-treated or confluent keratinocytes. In contrast, @entity1 cells did not undergo growth arrest and did not downregulate @entity16262 mRNA expression in response to growth inhibitors. Our results indicate that E2F DNA binding and in particular @entity16262 mRNA expression are associated with keratinocyte proliferation. Our results with the @entity1 cells and the E7-infected cells are consistent with the proposition that deregulated E2F expression/activity (in particular @entity16262 ) may be involved in the unregulated proliferation of @entity1489 cells.

title: E2F as a regulator of keratinocyte proliferation: implications for XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Retroviral infection']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin tumor']


abstract: @entity16 during childhood can produce @entity3947 and alteration of the mandibular growth. In case of unilateral @entity3947 occurring in early childhood, a @entity3572 of the affected side may develop. The @entity1 have limitation of mouth opening, facial asymmetry, and chin deviation toward the affected side. The aims of this study are to show the use of distraction osteogenesis in @entity3572 associated with @entity3947 and to present our experience with a new therapeutic option for the treatment of @entity3572 with unilateral @entity3947 in the childhood consisting of the association of arthroplasty to treat the @entity3947 and mandibular distraction to correct the facial asymmetry, both accomplished in the same surgical procedure. From November of 1996 to November of 1997, three male @entity1 aged 2, 7, and 13 years with @entity3572 and @entity3947 were treated by distraction osteogenesis. An arthroplasty consisting of the resection of the @entity616 and interposition of a temporalis muscle flap, plus coronoidectomy was done in two of them and mandibular distraction was done in all three @entity1 . Articular functional rehabilitation began on the first postoperative day. Mandibular distraction began on the fifth postoperative day with a rate of 1 mm per day, ending when the facial symmetry was achieved. From the first postoperative day, an increase in the mouth opening was achieved; this increase continued until ending the distraction. The average duration of distraction was 22 days. Average duration of consolidation was 6 weeks. Oral opening increased from 10 mm to 35 mm in the 7-year-old @entity1 , from 9 mm to 27 mm in the 2-year-old @entity1 , and from 14 mm to 38 mm in the 13-year-old @entity1 . To date, oral opening and facial symmetry persist. Osseous mandibular distraction together with arthroplasty offers an excellent new alternative for treatment of @entity1 with @entity3572 and associated @entity3947 , with minimal morbidity and complications.

title: Mandibular distraction in temporomandibular joint XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3572 :: ('MESH:D008336', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Condylar damage']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ankylotic block']

answer: @entity3947 :: (MESH:D000844,Disease) :: ['ankylosis']


abstract: To evaluate the results of treatment of Stage I and Stage II-T1 and T2, NO and N1- @entity0 by modified radical mastectomy with preservation of the pectoralis major muscle, the survival rates of all such @entity1 treated by the senior author from 1965 through 1968 were compared with the survival rates of a simultaneous group of @entity1 with similar stage disease treated by conventional radical mastectomy by the same surgeon. There were a total of 134 @entity1 , of whom 51 had modified radical mastectomy and 83 conventional radical mastectomy. The five year survival rate for those treated by standard radical mastectomy was 81 per cent, and for those treated by modified radical mastectomy, it was 84 per cent. In @entity1 with histologically negative axillary lymph nodes, the rates were 86 per cent following both radical mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy. Four per cent of the surviving @entity1 after modified radical mastectomy and 7 per cent of the five year survivors after radical mastectomy had evidence of @entity3 at five years. Locally recurrent disease was noted in 5 per cent of those who had modified radical mastectomy and 7 per cent of those who underwent standard radical mastectomy. This analysis demonstrates that there is no significant difference in the survival and recurrence rates after conventional radical mastectomy and ,odified radical mastectomy of the Patey type. There is a high incidence of recurrence-free survival after both of these operations. Since modified radical mastectomy is less traumatic, involving less damage to muscular tissues, and is followed by significantly @entity85 , it is advised as the treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity0 having no or minimal evidence of axillary node involvement. More extensive @entity5 adherent to the pectoral fascia or associated with multiple or large palpable axillary nodes should still be treated by conventional radical mastectomy.

title: Treatment of XXXX by modified radical mastectomy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['decreased deformity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: The direct conversion of skin cells into somatic stem cells has opened new therapeutic possibilities in regenerative medicine. Here, we show that @entity1 induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) can be efficiently generated from cord blood (CB)- or adult peripheral blood (PB)- @entity2280 (+) cells by direct reprogramming with a single factor, @entity4729 . In the presence of a GSK3 inhibitor, 16% of the @entity4729 -transduced @entity2280 (+) cells are converted into iMSCs within 2 weeks. Efficient direct reprogramming is achieved with both episomal vector-mediated transient @entity4729 expression and lentiviral vector-mediated @entity4729 transduction. The iMSCs express MSC markers, resemble bone marrow (BM)-MSCs in morphology, and possess in vitro multilineage differentiation capacity, yet have a greater proliferative capacity compared with BM-MSCs. Similar to BM-MSCs, the implanted iMSCs form bone and connective tissues, and are non-tumorigenic in @entity19 . However, BM-MSCs do not, whereas iMSCs do form muscle fibers, indicating a potential functional advantage of iMSCs. In addition, we observed that a high level of @entity4729 expression is required for the initial reprogramming and the optimal iMSC self-renewal, while a reduction of @entity4729 expression is required for multilineage differentiation. Our method will contribute to the generation of @entity1 -specific iMSCs, which could have applications in regenerative medicine. This discovery may also facilitate the development of strategies for direct conversion of blood cells into other types of cells of clinical importance.

title: Rapid and efficient reprogramming of @entity1 fetal and adult blood XXXX + cells into mesenchymal stem cells with a single factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of @entity788 is challenging in @entity1 with inconclusive findings on pancreatic multidetector row CT (MDCT). OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and to identify predictors of @entity788 by EUS with FNA in this setting. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review during the study period of January 2002 to December 2010. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Of the 1046 @entity1 who underwent pancreatic EUS, 116 @entity1 were selected because their clinical presentation was suspicious for @entity9451 , but their MDCT findings were inconclusive. INTERVENTION: EUS with FNA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Diagnostic yield of malignancy and significance of clinical variables. RESULTS: When surgical pathology or subsequent clinical course was used as the criterion standard, EUS with FNA had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of 87.3%, 98.3%, 98.5%, and 92.1%, respectively, in diagnosing a @entity788 that was indeterminate on MDCT. Factors significantly associated with EUS detection of @entity1124 were total @entity648 level greater than 2 mg/dL (P < .001), CT finding of @entity384 (P < .001), bile duct stricture (P < .001), and @entity5 size 1.5 cm or larger detected by EUS (P = .004). Among them, @entity384 on CT (odds ratio 4.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-11.05), and @entity5 size 1.5 cm or larger detected by EUS (odds ratio 8.46; 95% confidence interval, 2.02-35.45) were independent risk factors. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design and @entity1 referral bias. CONCLUSIONS: When MDCT is indeterminate, EUS is a highly sensitive and accurate modality for the detection of @entity788 , especially when the @entity5 is smaller than 2.0 cm.

title: Use of EUS-FNA in diagnosing XXXX without a definitive mass on CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic duct dilation']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancy']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neoplasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity551 due to the induction of sedation with @entity6948 infusion may be harmful in critically ill @entity1 . Changes in pulse pressure induced by the passive leg raising test (PLR-/\PP) as marker of fluid responsiveness, assessed prior to sedation, may predict hemodynamic changes. The present study was to investigate the power of the PLR test in critically ill @entity1 in predicting @entity551 induced by the induction of @entity6948 sedation. METHODS: Fluid responsiveness was estimated by a passive leg raising (PLR) test before @entity6948 sedation. @entity1 were assigned to either the "Nonresponders" or "Responders" group according to their hemodynamic responses to the PLR test ("Nonresponders", PLR-/\PP < 10.3%; "Responders", PLR-/\PP >=  10.3%). Sedation was performed with a @entity6948 infusion (0.5   g/kg over a 10-minute loading period, then 0.2 - 0.7   g kg(-1) h(-1)) and titrated to maintain the target Richmond agitation sedation scale (RASS) score in the range of -2 to -1 and the bispectral index value in the range of 60 to 75. Radial artery pulse pressure, heart rate (HR), and central venous pressure (CVP) were measured at each phase of the study procedure. Hemodynamic fluctuations during the use of @entity6948 sedation were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 had a median (25% - 75% interquartile range) of 71 (61 - 78) years old were studied. At baseline, 39 of the 50 @entity1 were "Nonresponders" and 11 were "Responders". Following @entity6948 sedation, @entity1 classified as "Responders" had a significantly greater systolic blood pressure decrease during the induction of @entity6948 sedation than the "Nonresponders" ((-26.3    6.8)% vs. -11.8    8.5)%, P < 0.001). In addition, the "Responders" group required significantly more fluid boluses (8 vs. 3; P < 0.001) and vasopressors (2 vs. 0; P < 0.05) than the "Nonresponders" group to restore blood pressure. Finally, PLR-/\PP was positively correlated with changes in systolic blood pressure (PLR-/\ @entity13519 ) (r(2) = 0.576; P < 0.001) and significantly correlated with @entity6948 infusion-induced changes in @entity13519 (r(2) = 0.202; P < 0.05). AUC for PLR-/\PP was 0.84 (95%CI 0.71 - 0.93). PLR-/\PP predicted @entity551 with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 92%. CONCLUSIONS: The fluid responsiveness assessment pre-sedation was found to predict blood pressure fluctuation during the induction of @entity6948 sedation. The PLR test conducted prior to sedation may be a useful tool to identify @entity1 with a high risk of hemodynamic events and may be used to indicate the need for prophylactic treatment.

title: Changes in arterial blood pressure induced by passive leg raising predict XXXX during the induction of sedation in critically ill @entity1 without severe cardiac dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Severe hypoglycaemia (SH) is one of the most feared complications of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) @entity6 eported prevalence of nearly 40%. In randomized trials of Multiple Daily I @entity2794 nu @entity2794 Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) therapy there is a possible benefit of CSII in reducing SH. However few trials have used basal insulin analogues as the basal insulin in the MDI group and in @entity2794 iduals with established SH have often been excluded from prospective studies. In published studies investigating the effect of Real Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (RT-CGM) benefit in terms of reduced SH has not yet been demonstrated. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate whether in people with T1DM @entity1 icated by impaired awarene @entity73 p @entity73 ention of biochemical hypoglycaemia using optimized existing self-management technology and educational support will restore awareness and reduce risk of recurrent SH. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a multicentre prospective RCT comparing hypoglycaemia avoidance with optimized MDI and CSII wit @entity2794 r without RT-CGM in a 2*2 factorial design in people with type @entity1 betes who hav @entity6 he primary @entity73 tcome measure for this study is the difference in IAH (Gold score) @entity73 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes include biomedical measures such as HbA1c, SH incidence, blinded CGM analysis, self monitored blood glucose (SMBG) and response to hypoglycaemia in gold standard clamp studies. Psychosocial measures including well-being and quality of life will also be assessed using several validated and novel measures. Analysis will be on an intention-to-treat basis. DISCUSSION: Most existing RCTs using this study's interventions have been powered for change in HbA1c rather than IAH or SH. This @entity73 al will demonstrate whether IAH can be rever @entity73 and SH prevented in people with T1DM @entity1 en those at highest risk by using optimized conventional management and existing technology. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN52164803 Eudract No: 2009-015396-27.

title: Comparison of Optimised XXXX versus Pumps with or without Sensors in Severe Hypoglycaemia (the Hypo COMPaSS trial).

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia', 'IAH']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'Multiple Daily Injections']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['MDI']


abstract: CONTEXT: In @entity1 who develop an elevated serum @entity11179 after having undergone a radical prostatectomy, the natural history of progression to distant @entity3 and @entity204 due to @entity263 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the time course of disease progression in @entity1 with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. DESIGN: A retrospective review of a large surgical series with median (SD) follow-up of 5.3 (3.7) years (range, 0.5-15 years) between April 1982 and April 1997. SETTING: An urban academic tertiary referral institution. @entity1 : A total of 1997 @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy, by a single surgeon, for clinically localized @entity263 . None received neoadjuvant therapy, and none had received adjuvant hormonal therapy prior to documented distant @entity3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After surgery, @entity1 were followed up with @entity11179 assays and digital rectal examinations every 3 months for the first year, semiannually for the second year, and annually thereafter. A detectable serum @entity11179 level of at least 0.2 ng/mL was evidence of biochemical recurrence. Distant @entity3 were diagnosed by radionuclide bone scan, chest radiograph, or other body imaging, which was performed at the time of biochemical recurrence and annually thereafter. RESULTS: The actuarial metastasis-free survival for all 1997 @entity1 was 82% (95% confidence interval, 76%-88%) at 15 years after surgery. Of the 1997 @entity1 , 315 (15%) developed biochemical @entity11179 level elevation. Eleven of these underwent early hormone therapy after the recurrence and are not included in the study. Of the remaining 304 @entity1 , 103 (34%) developed @entity3 within the study period. The median actuarial time to @entity3 was 8 years from the time of @entity11179 level elevation. In survival analysis, time to biochemical progression (P<.001), Gleason score (P<.001), and @entity11179 doubling time (P<.001) were predictive of the probability and time to the development of @entity3 . An algorithm combining these parameters was constructed to stratify @entity1 into risk groups. Once @entity1 developed @entity3 , the median actuarial time to @entity204 was 5 years. The time interval from surgery to the appearance of @entity3 was predictive of time until @entity204 (P<.02). CONCLUSIONS: Several clinical parameters help predict the outcomes of @entity1 with @entity11179 elevation after radical prostatectomy. These data may be useful in the design of clinical trials, the identification of @entity1 for enrollment into experimental protocols, and counseling @entity1 regarding the timing of administration of adjuvant therapies.

title: Natural history of progression after XXXX elevation following radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity11179 :: ('9520', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen level (PSA)']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity11179 :: (9520,Gene) :: ['PSA']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: In @entity775 ( @entity775 ), @entity32 is closely related to @entity82 . Although transaminase levels are commonly used to assess @entity99 , they may not relate directly to the histology. We developed a noninvasive diagnostic score as an alternative to liver biopsy to help optimize treatment for @entity775 and monitor disease progress. METHODS: Eighty-two @entity1 with type 1 @entity775 who had undergone liver biopsy were included (44 in training and 38 in validation sets). Liver histology was assessed according to the @entity15803 ( @entity15803 ; score 0-18) and Ishak's histologic @entity82 index (HFI; score 0-6). High @entity32 was defined as @entity15803 >4, and advanced @entity82 was defined as HFI>2. Routine laboratory test findings and stepwise linear regression were used to develop the best models predicting @entity15803 and HFI. The best cut-off value to predict @entity32 and advanced @entity82 for these formulas was then calculated based on receiver-operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: The cut-off value for a model predicting @entity32 was >= 3.57 (AUROC  =  0.93; 95% CI: 0.86-1.00), with 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity. High @entity32 was confirmed with an 81% positive predictive value and excluded with a 100% negative predictive value. In the validation set, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 100, 56, 88 and 100% respectively. The diagnostic yield of the @entity82 score was unsatisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The noninvasive inflammatory score based on four routine laboratory parameters discriminated @entity1 with and without significant @entity99 and may facilitate follow-up of type 1 @entity775 @entity1 .

title: Laboratory-based scoring system for prediction of hepatic inflammatory activity in XXXX with @entity775 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'high inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['HAI', 'histologic activity index']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics (age, sex, @entity5 location, socioeconomic status) and potential predisposing factors ( @entity167 , @entity286 , mobile phone use, severe @entity542 ) of @entity13 in a defined area of Northwest Greece. METHODS: The prospective study was conducted in @entity1 with @entity11 referred to all 7 hospitals of a study area with a population of 488,435 inhabitants, from June 1, 2005, to May 31, 2007. Incidence rates (IR) were calculated as new cases diagnosed among residents of the study area during the study period per 100,000 inhabitants. A case-control study was carried out in order to study the possible association of the risk of @entity11 with smoking, @entity167 , use of mobile phone, and severe cranial @entity130 . RESULTS: A total of 56 @entity11 incident cases were identified with IRs of @entity11 and @entity463 ( @entity463 ) at 5.73/10(5)/year and 3.69/10(5)/year, respectively. A male to female ratio of 1.25 was obtained in the @entity463 group. IRs of @entity11 and @entity463 for both males and females were higher in the age group 60-79. The most frequent anatomic location was the frontal lobe. 46.5% of the @entity1 originated from the low, 25% from the middle and 28.5% from the high socioeconomic class. There was no significant association between @entity11 and @entity167 consumption, smoking and mobile phone use. A trend for a positive association between the risk of @entity11 and a history of severe cranial @entity130 was observed, but this association was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The estimated IR of @entity11 and @entity463 in this study was higher compared with data from other studies carried out on European, Asian and US populations. Further studies may be needed to assess the possible association of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors with the high occurrence of @entity11 observed in this study.

title: Descriptive epidemiology of XXXX in northwest Greece and study of potential predisposing factors, 2005-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral gliomas']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity13 :: (MESH:C564230,Disease) :: ['cerebral gliomas']


abstract: Airborne particulate matter (PM) may lead to increased cardiac risk through an inflammatory pathway. Therefore, we investigated associations between ambient PM and markers of systemic @entity32 among repeated measures from 44 senior citizens (>/= 60 years of age) and examined susceptibility by conditions linked to @entity32 . Mixed models were used to identify associations between concentrations of fine PM [aerodynamic diameter </= 2.5 microm (PM2.5)] averaged over 1-7 days and measures of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) , @entity650 ( @entity650 ) , and white blood cells (WBCs) . Effect modification was investigated for @entity6 , @entity28 , @entity101 , and elevated mean inflammatory markers. We found positive associations between longer moving averages of PM2.5 and WBCs across all @entity1 , with a 5.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) , 0.10 to 11%] increase per interquartile increase (5.4 microg/m3) of PM2.5 averaged over the previous week. PM2.5 and @entity1851 also exhibited positive associations among all individuals for averages longer than 1 day, with the largest associations for @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity28 , and @entity101 . For example, an interquartile increase in the 5-day mean PM)2.5 (6.1 microg/m3) was associated with a 14% increase in @entity1851 (95% CI, -5.4 to 37%) for all individuals and an 81% (95% CI, 21 to 172%) increase for @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity28 , and @entity101 . @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity28 , and @entity101 also exhibited positive associations between PM2.5 and @entity650 . Individuals with elevated mean inflammatory markers exhibited enhanced associations with @entity1851 , @entity650 , and WBCs. We found modest positive associations between PM2.5 and indicators of systemic @entity32 , with larger associations suggested for individuals with @entity6 , @entity28 , @entity101 , and elevated mean inflammatory markers.

title: @entity6 , @entity28 , and @entity101 may enhance associations between air pollution and markers of systemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An analysis of imaging data. OBJECTIVE: To investigate concurrent numeric and morphological variations of presacral vertebrae and to propose a modified designation for the lumbosacral transitional @entity5788 (LSTV). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: During the assessment of the lumbosacral @entity5788 , variations from typical anatomy (numeric, morphological, or both) may confuse the practitioner, potentially leading to significant clinical errors. Common practice, which involves counting cephalad from the presumed fifth lumbar @entity5788 , may result in inaccurate localization of lumbosacral levels. METHODS: The study group was composed of 8280 consecutive @entity1 who underwent both lumbar magnetic resonance imaging with cervicothoracic scanning and lumbar radiographical examinations. The presacral vertebral number was verified by counting caudally from C2, with cross-referencing of cervicothoracic and lumbar sagittal scans on a picture archiving and communication system workstation. After correlating the numbering on the magnetic resonance images with those on the radiographs, the lumbosacral junction was classified according to the Castellvi's method. RESULTS: Of the 8280 consecutive @entity1 , 214 (2.6%) had 4 lumbar vertebrae (L4), 7384 (89.2%) had 5 lumbar vertebrae (L5), and 682 (8.2%) had 6 lumbar vertebrae (L6). Overall, 877 (10.6%) @entity1 had LSTV of types II, III, or IV, including 439 (5.3%) with sacralized L5 @entity5788 and 438 (5.3%) with lumbarized S1 @entity5788 . The most common LSTV was L5-type @entity5788 with a unilateral type II transition, designated as L5IIa, in 222 (2.7%) @entity1 . The second most common LSTV was L6-type @entity5788 with a bilateral type III transition in 174 (2.1%) @entity1 that was designated as L6IIIb. Only 6945 (83.9%) of the population were modal type, with 5 lumbar vertebrae without transitional @entity5788 . All the 214 (2.6%) L4-type and 244 (2.9%) of the 682 L6-type @entity1 presented with no transitional @entity5788 , looking like a modal L5-type @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Spine physicians and radiologists should consider the possibility of both numeric and morphological variations when evaluating lumbosacral spine images.

title: Numeric and morphological verification of lumbosacral segments in 8280 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the response rate and @entity137 of @entity1945 in @entity1 with @entity43 resistant to first-line therapy. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity43 were enrolled in a phase I/II protocol, and an additional 16 @entity1 were treated following protocol closure at Washington University Medical Center. The starting dose of @entity1945 was 1.25 mg/m2/day given intravenously over 30 min for 5 consecutive days. @entity1 were eligible for response evaluation if they completed more than one cycle of @entity1945 . All @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 . RESULTS: Of 28 @entity1 eligible for response evaluation, 26 were resistant to both @entity902 and @entity1311 prior to treatment with @entity1945 . There were four partial responders and no complete responders for a total response rate of 14% (95% confidence interval: 4 to 33%). All responders had exhibited primary resistance to both @entity902 and @entity1311 . Myelotoxicity was the major @entity137 , with 92% of @entity1 experiencing Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 and 67% experiencing GOG grade 3 or 4 @entity882 . Other @entity137 was minimal and easily managed. Fifty percent of @entity1 receiving more than one cycle of @entity1945 tolerated a dose equal or greater to the starting dose. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1945 exhibits activity in @entity1 with @entity43 resistant to both @entity902 and @entity1311 . Further study is warranted in less heavily pretreated @entity1 and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.

title: XXXX in @entity902 - and @entity1311 -resistant @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['Topotecan', 'topotecan']

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['Topotecan']


abstract: @entity850 , although not very common, is an important medical condition that represents a true diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We present our experiences in treating 22 @entity1 with laryngotracheal @entity850 between 1995 and 2004 at Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. Josip Bencevi   General Hospital in Slavonski Brod. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity850 was caused by @entity130 in 9 @entity1 , by endotrauma due to intubation in 3, and by war penetrating injury caused by shell and mine fragments in 4 @entity1 . @entity1184 , after supraglottic laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy caused @entity3885 in 2 @entity1 . @entity5 caused @entity850 in 11 @entity1 : @entity5 of the thyroid with compression in 9, and malignant infiltration of the @entity825 in 2 @entity1 . @entity850 was present in 4, glottic and subglottic in 4, subglottic and tracheal in 2, isolated @entity6184 in 12 @entity1 . Surgical treatment was performed in 14 @entity1 : endoscopic in two and classic open procedure in 12 @entity1 . Laryngeal and tracheal stents were inserted in 3 @entity1 with inopeable @entity259 . All treated @entity1 except one were extubated. RESULTS: Excellent functional results were achieved upon endoscopic resection, resection of @entity850 and end-to-end @entity254 . Minimally invasive and good palliative treatment was achieved by the stent placement into the airway.

title: [ XXXX --etiology and therapeutic options].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic glottic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'Glottic stenosis', 'stenosis', 'Laryngotracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumor']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Laryngotracheal stenosis']


abstract: We describe the association of recurrent complicated @entity410 , @entity245 , @entity2055 , and @entity28 in three unrelated @entity1 . The three @entity1 , aged 3 to 4 years, were all born to healthy, nonconsanguineous parents and have normal siblings. Their birth weight was appropriate for gestational age. They are not dysmorphic and have normal head circumference. Development is delayed; they all walked with an ataxic gait after the age of 2 years and started speaking at 3 years. Their growth charts are remarkably alike: they initially had a normal growth curve and around 24 months of age started to gain weight excessively. They all continue to suffer from @entity410 , which started before 12 months of age, and are resistant to prophylactic anticonvulsants. Metabolic evaluation is normal. They have normal magnetic resonance images and electroencephalograms. Fragile X and @entity6038 were ruled out. We suggest that this is a new @entity1032 that should be considered in @entity1 with recurrent @entity410 , @entity245 , and @entity28 . In a recent study, mutations in the @entity1227 @entity460 channel were identified in the mutant @entity302 @entity19 that presents with @entity302 , @entity1032 , and @entity2055 . We hypothesize that a @entity460 channel gene may be involved in this syndrome.

title: Febrile XXXX , @entity2055 , @entity245 , and @entity28 : a new syndrome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['complicated febrile seizures', 'febrile convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'mental retardation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader-Willi syndromes']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['convulsions']


abstract: Within a period of 14 years 23 @entity1 were treated for peptic ulcer (0.039% of all inpatients). Acute @entity1066 were seen in neonates or after major surgery, and were diagnosed only after perforation or @entity548 . @entity1066 predominantly occurred after the sixth year. In addition to @entity490 and colic, perforation and @entity548 were also seen, the latter occasionally without previous symptoms. Three @entity1 were operated on for perforation, two for @entity548 . One of them, a neonate, died of @entity295 with @entity510 . The bleedings were stopped by purse-string suture, the perforations by oversewing in two, local excision in one. Follow-up examination was undertaken in 14 of the 22 surviving @entity1 six months to 12 years after the initial manifestation. None had a recurrence. It is concluded that peptic ulcer is more frequent in @entity1 than is generally supposed. Treatment is mainly conservative. In case of perforation or @entity548 the least possible surgical intervention should be practised.

title: [Peptic ulcer in XXXX : diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'gastroduodenal haemorrhage', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Whereas early cytokinesis events have been relatively well studied, little is known about its final stage, abscission. The @entity38988 phosphatase is involved in the regulation of multiple cell cycle events, and in all systems studied @entity38988 misexpression leads to cytokinesis defects. In this work, we have cloned two @entity38988 cDNA from @entity1238 , including a previously unreported @entity39165 homologue. We use @entity1238 and @entity1 cell lines and demonstrate that localization of @entity38988 proteins is independent of both cell-type and species specificity. Ectopically expressed @entity39166 is centrosomal in interphase and localizes to the midbody in cytokinesis. By using @entity39166 misregulation, we confirm its control over different cell cycle events and unravel new functions during abscission. @entity39166 regulates the G1/S and G2/M transitions. We show that @entity38890 is an in vitro substrate for @entity39166 and might be its target at the G2/M transition. Upregulated wild-type or phosphatase-dead @entity39166 arrest cells in a late stage of cytokinesis, connected by thin cytoplasmic bridges. It does not interfere with central spindle formation, nor with the relocalization of passenger protein and centralspindlin complexes to the midbody. We demonstrate that @entity39166 upregulation prevents targeting of exocyst and SNARE complexes to the midbody, both essential for abscission to occur.

title: Regulation of multiple cell cycle events by XXXX homologues in vertebrates.

answer: @entity38988 :: (8556,Gene) :: ['Cdc14']


abstract: We reported a 72-year-old male with @entity63 due to ophthalmic @entity2791 followed by @entity1188 due to @entity543 . The @entity1 had history of @entity101 and @entity6 . He had severe @entity10 and @entity227 . He was diagnosed right @entity2297 and @entity6 (simple type), and received diuretics, beta-blockade and other anti- @entity101 drugs. One month later, he noticed left mild @entity1269 in a morning, and he experienced progression of @entity1269 over a week. He was admitted to our hospital on the 11th day. He showed left complete @entity1158 , @entity132 , @entity1054 and left unilateral spatial neglect. His right eye was diagnosed @entity2297 but left eye was normal. The 5th days CT showed low density area in the right terminal zone and bilateral periventricular lucency. At the same area, the 46th days MRI showed high intensity area in the T2-weighted image and low intensity area in the T1-weighted image. Cerebral angiography performed on the 33rd day, disclosed severe kinking at the cervical segment and 50% @entity850 at the intracavernous segment in the right internal carotid artery, and 90% @entity850 and post-stenotic dilatation of the right ophthalmic artery. Left internal carotid artery had each 60% @entity850 at the cervical segment and the intracavernous segment. Left ophthalmic artery had severe @entity850 from its beginning to distal part. This @entity1188 was considered berder zone @entity1188 by it's localization (terminal zone) and @entity543 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of XXXX followed by border zone @entity1188 ].

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbance of the right eye']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['left diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic oculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis', 'left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['left sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral border zone infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['internal carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['anosognosia']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic oculopathy']


abstract: In @entity1737 the muscle @entity934 receptor (AChR) is the target of an autoimmune response. AChR epitopes recognized by @entity404 + T cells in @entity8491 @entity1 have been identified. AChR-specific @entity404 + cell lines can be propagated by stimulation of blood lymphocytes with synthetic or biosynthetic AChR sequences. We analysed, using a semi-quantitative PCR assay, the T cell receptor (TCR) V beta usage of 16 anti-AChR polyclonal @entity404 + T cell lines of known epitope specificity, propagated from @entity8491 @entity1 using pools of overlapping peptides corresponding to the sequence of an AChR subunit, or individual synthetic AChR sequences. Twelve lines had been propagated for less than 2 months, four lines for 3.5-5 months. Most lines had limited V beta usage, but in most cases different V beta regions were used for different epitopes in the same @entity1 , and for the same epitope in different @entity1 . In a few @entity1 , the same V beta regions were used for recognition of different epitopes. The V beta 4 and V beta 6 regions were used most frequently. These findings suggest that the potentially autoimmune T cells that survive clonal deletion have a limited TCR repertoire. Although the present data do allow conclusions on the role of a superantigen in triggering the anti-AChR autoimmune response, the finding that different V beta regions were used in different @entity1 does not support an important role of a superantigen in the maintenance of the @entity404 + response in @entity1737 .

title: TCR V beta usage by XXXX receptor-specific @entity404 + T cells in @entity1737 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) is secreted by cells in a latent form (L- @entity1810 ) noncovalently bound to a latency-associated peptide. Activated alveolar macrophages obtained from @entity35 lungs after @entity1732 -induced @entity651 released increased amounts of active @entity1810 as well as plasmin, a protease, and @entity23056 ( @entity23056 ), a trimeric glycoprotein. Previously we had demonstrated that plasmin was critical to the activation of L-TGF- beta1. In the present study we demonstrated that @entity23056 is also important for the activation of L-TGF- beta1 because the activation can be inhibited by anti- @entity23056 monoclonal antibody. Proteins obtained from alveolar macrophage cell lysates immunoprecipitated with antibodies specific for @entity23056 were identified on immunoblots as @entity39420 and @entity1810 , indicating that @entity23056 /L- @entity1810 complexes are present on alveolar macrophages. However, in the presence of plasmin both latency-associated peptide and @entity1810 were decreased in the same cell lysates, indicating that L- @entity1810 associated with @entity23056 is released by plasmin. Using immunofluorescence and antibodies to @entity1810 and @entity19182 , a receptor for @entity23056 , there was colocalization of @entity1810 with @entity19182 . Because @entity23056 but not @entity1810 is a natural ligand for @entity19182 , these findings suggest that the L- @entity1810 in a complex with @entity23056 localizes to the macrophage cell surface when @entity23056 interacts with its receptor, @entity19182 . Furthermore, the association of @entity23056 /L- @entity1810 complex with @entity19182 is necessary to the activation of L- @entity1810 because antibodies to @entity19182 prevent the colocalization of @entity1810 with @entity19182 as observed by immunofluorescence and inhibit activation of the L- @entity1810 by explanted alveolar macrophages. These findings suggest that activation of L- @entity1810 by plasmin occurs at the cell surface of activated alveolar macrophages and requires a @entity23056 / @entity19182 interaction.

title: Activation of XXXX alveolar macrophage-derived latent transforming growth factor beta-1 by plasmin requires interaction with @entity23056 and its cell surface receptor, @entity19182 .

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-beta-1', 'TGF-beta1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative chemoradiation therapy in @entity1 with @entity5 results in pathologic complete response in approximately 10% to 30% of @entity1 . Accurate predictive factors for obtaining pathologic complete response would likely influence the selection of @entity1 best treated by chemoradiation therapy as the primary treatment without radical surgery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of @entity5 size, stage, location, circumferential extent, @entity1 characteristics, and pretreatment @entity787 levels on the development of pathologic complete response after chemoradiation therapy. DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review. SETTINGS AND @entity1 : Five hundred thirty @entity1 treated with preoperative chemoradiation therapy and radical surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma between 1998 and 2011 were identified. A total of 469 @entity1 remained after excluding @entity1 with a history of pelvic radiation (n = 2), previous transanal endoscopic microsurgery or polypectomy of the @entity75 (n = 15), concurrent @entity5 (n = 14), and no information about pre- or posttreatment T stage in the chart (n = 30). Preoperative @entity787 levels were available for 267 @entity1 (57%). INTERVENTIONS: Preoperative chemoradiation therapy and total mesorectal excision were performed in @entity1 with @entity5 . MAIN OUTCOME: The primary outcome measured was pathologic complete response. RESULTS: : Ninety-six @entity1 (20%) were found to have a pathologic complete response in the operative specimen. Low pretreatment @entity787 (3.4 vs 9.6 ng/mL; p = 0.008) and smaller mean @entity5 size (4.2 vs 4.7 cm; p = 0.02) were significantly associated with pathologic complete response. Low @entity787 levels and interruption in chemoradiation therapy were significant predictors of pathologic complete response in the multivariate analysis. When stratifying for smoking status, low @entity787 level was significantly associated with pathologic complete response only in the group of nonsmokers (p = 0.02). LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its retrospective design, missing @entity787 values, and lack of @entity5 regression grade assessment. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated an association between low pretreatment @entity787 levels, interruption in chemoradiation therapy, and pathologic complete response in @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced @entity5 . The predictive value of @entity787 in smokers can be limited, and further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of smoking on the predictive value of @entity787 levels for pathologic complete response in @entity5 .

title: @entity787 - a predictor for pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Innominate @entity438 are an uncommon pathology. There are several pathogenic mechanisms involved in their formation, and @entity1 are usually asymptomatic. However, different clinical presentations are possible. Management varies according to anatomic characteristics. Surgical treatment is recommended in order to avoid complications. We present a case of a @entity1 with an innominate artery @entity439 found incidentally during surgery for myocardial revascularization. A 77-year-old male with unstable @entity951 secondary to multivascular @entity741 was subjected to surgery. Coronary angiography did not evaluate the aortic arch and its branches. During the surgical procedure we found a 2-cm saccular @entity439 at the origin of the innominate artery. After completing the revascularization procedure and once the @entity1 was no longer on cardiopulmonary bypass, aneurysmorrhaphy was successfully done.

title: [Surgical treatment of an innominate artery XXXX : case report of incidental finding during myocardial revascularization].

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']