abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity6081 in @entity1 with @entity4094 surgery is significantly higher than that in @entity1 with other spinal surgery. Hyperbaric @entity26 has been used as a supplement to treat postsurgical @entity281 . Our aim was to determine beneficiary effects of hyperbaric @entity26 treatment in terms of prevention of postoperative deep @entity281 in this specific group of @entity1 in a retrospective study. METHODS: Forty two @entity4094 cases, operated between 2006-2011 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 who had presence of @entity1635 and/or @entity1513 in addition to @entity306 or @entity9960 , postoperative follow-up >1 year and posterior only surgery were the subjects of this study. Eighteen @entity1 formed the Hyperbaric @entity26 prophylaxis (P-HBO) group and 24, the control group. The P-HBO group received 30 sessions of HBO and standard antibiotic prophylaxis postoperative, and the control group (received standard antibiotic prophylaxis). RESULTS: In the P-HBO group of 18 @entity1 , the etiology was @entity306 in 13 and @entity9960 in 5 cases with a mean age of 16.7 (11-27 yrs). The average follow-up was 20.4 months (12-36mo). The etiology of @entity1 in the control group was @entity306 in 17, and @entity9960 in 7 cases. The average age was 15.3 years (8-32 yrs). The average follow-up was 38.7 months (18-66mo). The overall incidence of @entity281 in the whole study group was 11.9% (5/42). The @entity281 rate in the P-HBO and the control group were 5.5% (1/18), and 16.6% (4/24) respectively. The use of HBO was found to significantly decrease the incidence of @entity86 in @entity4094 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In this study we found that hyperbaric @entity26 has a possibility to reduce the rate of @entity85 in high risk neuromuscular @entity1 .

title: Can hyperbaric XXXX be used to prevent @entity281 in neuro-muscular @entity1635 surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['myelomeningocele']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['post-surgical deep infections in complex spine deformity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nursing home residents bear a substantial burden of @entity683 morbidity and mortality. Vaccination of residents and @entity12767 ( @entity12767 ) is the main strategy for prevention. Despite recommendations, @entity683 vaccination coverage among @entity12767 remains generally low. METHODS: During the 2007-2008 @entity683 season, we conducted a nationwide survey to estimate @entity683 vaccination coverage of @entity12767 and residents in nursing homes for elderly @entity1 in France and to identify determinants of vaccination rates. Multivariate analysis were performed with a negative binomial regression. RESULTS: Influenza vaccination coverage rates were 33.6% (95% CI: 31.9-35.4) for @entity12767 and 91% (95% CI: 90-92) for residents. Influenza vaccination uptake of @entity12767 varied by occupational category. Higher vaccination coverage was found in private elderly care residences, when free vaccination was offered (RR: 1.89, 1.35-2.64), in small nursing homes (RR: 1.54, 1.31-1.81) and when training sessions and staff meetings on @entity683 were organized (RR: 1.20, 1.11-1.29). The analysis by occupational category showed that some determinants were shared by all categories of professionals (type of nursing homes, organization of training and staff meetings on @entity683 ). Higher @entity683 vaccination coverage was found when free vaccination was offered to recreational, cleaning, administrative staff, nurses and nurse assistants, but not for physicians. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide study assessed for the first time the rate of @entity683 vaccination among residents and @entity12767 in nursing homes for elderly in France. Better communication on the current recommendations regarding @entity683 vaccination is needed to increase compliance of @entity12767 . Vaccination programmes should include free vaccination and education campaigns targeting in priority nurses and nurse assistants.

title: Influenza vaccination coverage of XXXX and residents and their determinants in nursing homes for elderly @entity1 in France: a cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['HCWs', 'healthcare workers']

answer: @entity12767 :: (MESH:D000382,Disease) :: ['healthcare workers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thrombin activation measured by the levels of the complex between @entity10855 ( @entity10855 ) and the @entity10854 (PCI) is elevated in several @entity731 . The aim of this study was to evaluate whether levels of the @entity10855 -PCI complex are related to the prognosis in @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). Longitudinal study performed at the Vascular Centre, Malm   University Hospital, Sweden. METHODS: @entity10855 -PCI complex levels were analyzed in 268 consecutive @entity1 hospitalized for @entity3657 and in 42 healthy controls (median age, 74 years). @entity1 (n = 35) with @entity1229 treatment less than 4 weeks before @entity10855 -PCI sampling were excluded from analysis. Data-based medical records of all 233 remaining @entity1 (median age, 72 [64-79] years) were searched for vascular events such as hospitalization because of @entity731 , operative or endovascular recanalization of peripheral arteries, transtibial or transfemoral amputation because of @entity3657 , @entity1187 , @entity64 , or @entity204 . RESULTS: Median duration of follow-up was 16 months (interquartile range, 12-23 months). @entity10855 -PCI complex levels were higher in @entity3657 @entity1 than in controls (0.240 [0.180-0.320] microg/L vs. 0.140 [0.190-0.220] microg/L; p < 0.0001) but not associated with an increased risk for @entity204 (p = 0.2054) or events during follow-up (p = 0.2850). Independent predictors of future events were low b-hemoglobin (p = 0.0084), high b-leukocytes (p = 0.0034), and history of a previous vascular event (p = 0.0032). Age (p = 0.0286), high p- @entity1011 (p = 0.0165), and history of a previous event (p = 0.0311) were independent predictors of @entity204 . CONCLUSION: @entity10855 -PCI complex levels were higher in @entity3657 @entity1 than in controls, but did not predict the clinical outcome. The effect of a possible prethrombotic state, as reflected in increased @entity10855 -PCI levels, on prognosis and severity of @entity731 has to be further investigated.

title: Activated protein C- @entity10854 complex in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity10855 :: ('MESH:D020016', 'Disease') :: ['activated protein C', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease', 'atherosclerotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity10854 :: ('5104', 'Gene') :: ['protein C inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: 1. The identification and relative contributions of @entity1 @entity12325 ( @entity12325 ) enzymes involved in the metabolism of @entity5217 and @entity10042 in @entity1 liver microsomes were investigated using an approach based on the in vitro disappearance rate of unchanged drug. 2. Recombinant @entity4433 and @entity5322 catalysed a significant disappearance of both drugs. When the contribution of CYPs to the intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) of drugs in pooled @entity1 microsomes was estimated by relative activity factors, contributions of @entity4433 and @entity5322 were determined to be 4.6 and 96.4% for @entity5217 , and 75.1 and 35.6% for @entity10042 , respectively. 3. CL(int) of @entity5217 correlated very well with @entity5322 marker activity, whereas the CL(int) of @entity10042 significantly correlated with @entity4433 and @entity5322 marker activities in @entity1 liver microsomes from 12 separate individuals. Effects of @entity12325 -specific inhibitors and anti- @entity5322 serum on the CL(int) of drugs in pooled @entity1 liver microsomes reflected the relative contributions of @entity4433 and @entity5322 . 4. The results suggest that @entity5217 is mainly metabolized by @entity5322 , whereas @entity10042 is metabolized by both @entity4433 and @entity5322 in @entity1 liver microsomes. This approach, based on the in vitro drug disappearance rate, is useful for estimating @entity12325 identification and their contribution to drug discovery.

title: Identification and relative contributions of @entity1 @entity12325 isoforms involved in the metabolism of XXXX and @entity10042 : evaluation of an approach based on the in vitro substrate disappearance rate.

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

answer: @entity5217 :: (MESH:D005905,Chemical) :: ['glibenclamide']


abstract: Background and study aims: Current diagnostic testing is inadequate to determine the malignant potential of @entity45 , resulting in overcautious @entity1 management. Integrated molecular pathology (IMP) testing combines molecular analysis with first-line test results (cytology, imaging, and fluid chemistry) to assess the malignant potential of @entity45 . This multicenter study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of IMP for @entity788 , and the utility of IMP testing under current guideline recommendations for managing @entity45 . @entity1 and methods: @entity1 who had undergone previous IMP testing as prescribed by their physician and for whom clinical outcomes were available from retrospective record review were included (n=492). Performance was determined by correlation between clinical outcome and previous IMP diagnosis ("benign"/"statistically indolent" vs. "statistically higher risk [SHR]"/ "aggressive") or an International Consensus Guideline (Sendai 2012) criteria model for "surveillance" vs. "surgery." The Cox proportional hazards model determined hazard ratios for @entity5 . Results: Benign and statistically indolent IMP diagnoses had a 97% probability of benign follow-up for up to 7 years and 8 months from initial IMP testing. SHR and aggressive diagnoses had relative hazard ratios for @entity5 of 30.8 and 76.3, respectively (both P<0.0001). Sendai surveillance criteria had a 97% probability of benign follow-up for up to 7 years and 8 months, but for surgical criteria the hazard ratio was only 9.0 (P<0.0001). In @entity1 who met Sendai surgical criteria, benign and statistically indolent @entity15129 diagnoses had a >93% probability of benign follow-up, with relative hazard ratios for SHR and aggressive IMP diagnoses of 16.1 and 50.2, respectively (both P<0.0001). Conclusion: IMP more accurately determined the malignant potential of @entity45 than a Sendai 2012 guideline management criteria model. IMP may improve @entity1 management by justifying more relaxed observation in @entity1 meeting Sendai surveillance criteria. IMP can more accurately differentiate between the need for surveillance or surgery in @entity1 meeting Sendai surgical criteria.

title: Integrated molecular pathology accurately determines the malignant potential of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cysts']


abstract: @entity1283 is a common response to hemodynamic stress in the heart and can progress to @entity712 . To investigate whether the transcription factor @entity24362 ( @entity24362 / @entity24362 ) influences the development of @entity1283 and progression to @entity712 under conditions of pressure overload, we performed aortic constriction on 12-wk-old male wild-type (WT) and @entity24180 ( @entity24180 ) @entity19 globally underexpressing @entity24362 / @entity24362 . After aortic banding, WT and @entity24180 @entity19 showed @entity1283 as measured by gravimetric analysis, as expected. @entity24362 / @entity24362 @entity24180 @entity19 , however, demonstrated a greater increase in the ventricular weight-to-body weight ratio compared with WT @entity19 (P < 0.05). Echocardiographic measurements showed a significantly decreased ejection fraction compared with WT @entity19 (P < 0.05). Histological examination of Masson trichrome-stained heart tissue demonstrated extensive @entity82 in @entity24180 @entity19 compared with WT @entity19 . TUNEL staining demonstrated increased apoptosis in @entity24180 hearts (P < 0.05). Exposure of cultured neonatal myocytes from WT and @entity24180 @entity19 to @entity274 and @entity2425 , known inducers of apoptosis that work through different mechanisms, demonstrated significantly increased apoptosis in @entity24180 cells compared with WT cells (P < 0.05). Expression of @entity7348 , a downstream activator of the mitochondrial death pathway, was expressed in @entity24180 hearts at increased levels after aortic banding. Expression of @entity7006 , a transcriptional activator of @entity1283 , was also increased in @entity24180 hearts, as was phosphorylation of @entity7006 at Ser(105). Our findings demonstrate that @entity24362 / @entity24362 expression levels influence @entity1184 and the progression to @entity712 in response to pressure overload through modulation of apoptosis and @entity7006 activity.

title: The bHLH transcription factor @entity24362 / @entity24362 regulates susceptibility to apoptosis and XXXX after pressure overload.

entities_list: @entity24180 :: ('MESH:C535776', 'Disease') :: ['heterozygous', 'HET']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity24362 :: ('15214(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CHF1', 'cardiovascular basic helix-loop-helix factor 1/hairy/enhancer of split related with YRPW motif 2', 'Hey2']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'increased cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2425 :: ('MESH:D014415', 'Chemical') :: ['tunicamycin']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: Postpartum @entity548 (PPH) represents a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Giving @entity398 after birth reduces the risk for PPH. It has never been tested whether different methods of @entity398 administration affect the maternal outcome. This study aims to compare the infusion versus the bolus application of @entity398 after singleton vaginal delivery. METHODS: This retrospective monocentre study compares the incidence of clinically relevant postpartum complications in @entity1 receiving 5  IE of @entity398 as a bolus or as a 100  ml-infusion over 5  min, given immediately after birth. Included were @entity1 delivering singletons vaginally at term. We used propensity score weighting to compare outcomes between @entity1 receiving bolus and infusion and to minimize the selection bias in this retrospective cohort. RESULTS: 1765 @entity1 were included. @entity1 characteristics were balanced. We found no significant differences for the combined overall postpartum adverse outcome (the incidence of PPH, manual removal of the placenta and/or curettage). For the single outcomes, we observed a significantly higher frequency of manual removal of the placenta (Odds ratio 1.47, 95  % CI 1.02-2.13) and a slightly higher but clinically not relevant estimated @entity190 (Relative effect 1.05, 95  % CI 1.01-1.10) in the infusion group. CONCLUSION: The data show a tendency towards more complications in the infusion group. It is related to a more frequent need for manual removal of the placenta.

title: Replacement of XXXX bolus administration by infusion: influences on postpartum outcome.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to establish the predictive accuracy of the Kattan postoperative nomogram for non-metastatic @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) in a Japanese population. METHODS: A total of 211 @entity1 with stage T1-3N0M0 clear cell @entity1358 who underwent radical nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery between 1991 and 2004 were included in this analysis. Median follow up was 81 months (range: 4-208). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and the influence of age, sex, clinical presentation, T stage, histological @entity5 size, grade, and microvascular invasion on disease @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was determined. For each @entity1 , the prognostic score for 5-year @entity1349 was calculated using the Kattan nomogram. The discriminating ability of this model was assessed by the concordance index, and bootstrapping was used to evaluate confidence intervals. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity1349 rate for all @entity1 calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method was 80.6%. In multivariate analysis, the statistically significant prognostic factors for 5-year @entity1349 were high-grade @entity5 (P=0.019) and symptomatic disease (P=0.017). The concordance index for @entity1349 predicted by the Kattan nomogram was 0.735 (95% confidence interval: 0.734-0.736). There was a slight discrepancy between the @entity1349 predicted by the Kattan nomogram and the likelihood of being recurrence-free at 5 years according to the Cox analysis in the current @entity1 population. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the necessity of constructing a more useful nomogram for predicting the prognosis of Japanese @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity1358 .

title: Kattan postoperative nomogram for XXXX : predictive accuracy in a Japanese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with acute @entity64 frequently show hemorrhagic transformation (HTr). We attempted to identify predictors of symptomatic HTr in acute @entity385 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: Of the consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 with @entity955 at 12 hospitals in Korea, @entity1 with posterior circulation @entity64 or thrombolytic therapy were excluded. Immediate anticoagulation was recommended to all @entity1 , except those with: (1) large @entity1188 , 50% or more of the middle cerebral artery territory, (2) significant HTr on initial imaging, or (3) other safety concerns. Symptomatic HTr was defined as @entity1779 temporally related to @entity16 . RESULTS: Of the 389 included @entity1 (mean age 71 years), 260 (67%) were treated with anticoagulation within 1 week from the onset. Symptomatic HTr occurred in 4.6%. Large @entity1188 (OR 6.38, 95% CI 1.16-35.14), previous @entity64 (OR 10.67, 1.77-64.25), and low platelet count (OR per 10(4) increase 0.87, 0.79-0.97) were independent predictors of symptomatic HTr. hsCRP values tended to be higher in @entity1 with symptomatic HTr (p = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS: Caution is needed in anticoagulation treatment of acute @entity64 @entity1 with a large @entity1188 , previous @entity64 , low platelet count, or a high hsCRP level.

title: Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation and its predictors in acute XXXX with @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), found to be effective in reducing @entity417 in chemotherapy-treated @entity5 @entity1 , also are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including @entity64 . In an attempt to mitigate the risk, the Food and Drug Administration implemented a Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy (REMS) in February 2010. The purpose of this study is to evaluate change over time in the incidence of @entity64 among these @entity1 before and after implementation of REMS. A retrospective data analysis using the Medicare 5% Sample Dataset, 2008-2011, was performed. @entity1 had to be 65 years of age or older at the start of at least 1 year of continuous enrollment and to have lung and/or @entity0 along with @entity417 ( @entity417 ) in both pre-REMS and post-REMS periods (1Q2008 through 4Q2009 and 1Q2010 through 4Q2011, respectively). Logistic regression was used to evaluate differences in proportions of @entity1 who received ESAs and experienced a @entity64 pre and post REMS. The pre-REMS cohort included 1252 eligible @entity1 prescribed ESAs; the post-REMS cohort included 949 @entity1 . No statistically significant change in @entity64 incidence was observed post REMS among @entity1 with @entity417 who received ESAs. There was a 29.5% decrease in ESA use in @entity1 with @entity2 and a 27.8% decrease in @entity1 with @entity0 . Both were statistically significant. Results adjusted for baseline characteristics and comorbid conditions were similar. There was a statistically significant decrease in ESA use in @entity1 with @entity0 post REMS; no statistically significant reduction in the incidence of @entity64 was observed regardless of @entity5 type. (Population Health Management 2016;19:63-69).

title: The Impact of the Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy for Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents on Their Use and the Incidence of XXXX in Medicare Subjects with Chemotherapy-Induced @entity417 with Lung and/or @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast and/or lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['chemotherapy-induced anemia', 'anemia', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: The antiappetite agent @entity16543 (DEP), and the antidepressant and antismoking aid compound @entity752 (BP), not only share the same structural motif but also present similar mechanisms of action in the CNS. For example, both drugs induce the release as well as inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as a @entity935 (DA) and @entity1063 (NE). In general, they produce mild side effects, including reversible @entity1155 alterations mostly in geriatric @entity1 (by BP), or moderate changes in neurotransmitter contents linked to oxidative damage (by DEP). Therefore, attention must be paid during any therapeutic use of these agents. Regarding the interaction of BP with the @entity7712 , residues S359, located in the middle of TM7, and A279, located close to the extracellular end of @entity16544 , contribute to the binding and blockade of translocation mediated by BP, respectively. Additional mechanisms of action have also been determined for each compound. For example, BP is a noncompetitive antagonist (NCA) of several nicotinic @entity934 receptors (AChRs). Based on this evidence, the dual antidepressant and antinicotinic activity of BP is currently considered to be mediated by its stimulatory action on DA and NE systems as well as its inhibitory action on AChRs. Considering the results obtained in the archetypical @entity19 muscle AChR, a sequential mechanism can be hypothesized to explain the inhibitory action of BP on neuronal AChRs: (1) BP first binds to AChRs in the resting state, decreasing the probability of ion channel opening, (2) the remnant fraction of open ion channels is subsequently decreased by accelerating the desensitization process, and finally (3) BP interacts with a binding domain located between the @entity563 (position 9') and @entity4857 (position 13') rings that is shared with the NCA @entity12781 and other tricyclic antidepressants. The homologous location in the alpha3beta4 AChR is between the @entity563 and @entity4857 / @entity815 rings. This new evidence opens a window for further investigation using AChRs as targets for the action of safer antidepressants and novel antiaddictive compounds.

title: Pharmacological and neurotoxicological actions mediated by @entity752 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity16543 :: ('MESH:D004053', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylpropion']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity16543 :: (MESH:D004053,Chemical) :: ['diethylpropion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Except for @entity4269 , the consequences of arm/shoulder problems (ASPs), at long-term in @entity0 survivors (BCSs) have hardly been studied. We examined demography, lifestyle, quality of life (QoL) and somatic morbidity in BCSs with and without ASPs. We also compared the associations of restricted shoulder abduction and @entity4269 with QoL. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional case-control design. A sample of 256 BCSs all with lymph node @entity3 were examined at a mean of 4.1 (SD 0.9) years post-surgery. Based on objective examinations and self-rating the sample were separated into 81 BCSs (32%) with definite @entity2574 ( @entity2574 + group) and 175 (68%) with minimal or no @entity2574 ( @entity2574 - group). The self-rating contained among other schedules the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Kwan's arm/shoulder problem scale (KAPS). RESULTS: In univariate analysis @entity2574 + was associated with not being employed, having had mastectomy, longer follow-up time, radiotherapy to axilla, poorer self-rated health and physical condition, minimal physical activity, increased body mass index, regularly intake of analgesics, and poorer physical QoL. Multivariate analysis showed that mastectomy, longer follow-up time, minimal physical activity and poorer physical QoL were associated with belonging to @entity2574 + group. All domains of the SF-36 were significantly associated with having @entity73 (> or = 25 degrees difference) while none of the associations with @entity4269 were significant. DISCUSSION: In BCSs, at four years after treatment, having @entity2574 was associated with mastectomy, minimal physical activity and poorer physical QoL. Poor physical QoL is strongly associated with reduced shoulder abduction rather than with @entity4269 .

title: Arm/shoulder problems in XXXX survivors are associated with reduced health and poorer physical quality of life.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired shoulder abduction']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multinational time-trend analyses of @entity66 have shown that the East-West gradients in prevalence are shrinking. We set out to clarify whether the disparities in the occurrence of @entity402 and @entity66 in Finnish and Russian Karelia during the past 10 years have diminished and how the prevalence of @entity402 has evolved with successive years of birth. METHODS: Two surveys with identical methodology were performed in 1997/1998 and 2007. The study population comprised randomly selected adults, aged 25-54 years, from Finnish and Russian Karelia. Serum samples were collected for total and specific IgE measurements. Clinical data were obtained by questionnaires. RESULTS: Sensitization rates to birch pollen increased from 7.8% to 14.8% (P < 0.001) and to cat from 6.1% to 10.8% (P < 0.001) in Finland. In Russia, no significant increase was found. Contrary to this, total IgE remained stable in Finland but decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in Russia. Analyses based on years of birth revealed that the prevalence of sensitization to allergens increased with successive birth years in Finland, but remained stable in Russia. Over the 10 years, self-reported physician-diagnosed @entity565 increased from 5.5% to 8.1% (P = 0.05) and hay @entity221 from 8.1% to 13.2% (P < 0.001) in Finland. CONCLUSIONS: Disparities in the prevalence of @entity402 and @entity66 between Finnish and Russian Karelia have further grown. The ' @entity566 @entity3082 ' continues in Finland and is mainly attributable to the years of birth effect shown in @entity402 prevalence. In Russia, no signs of the @entity3082 are discernible, although the decrease in total IgE may indicate a change in environmental exposure.

title: XXXX gap between Finnish and Russian Karelia on increase.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases', 'atopic disease']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['Allergy']


abstract: AIMS: @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) is associated with high incidence of first and recurrent @entity65 , especially @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ); however, the mechanisms involved are still unknown. We sought to investigate the role of @entity404 (+) @entity1361 (null)T-lymphocytes, a rare long-lived subset of T-lymphocytes with proatherogenic and plaque-destabilizing properties, in the increased cardiovascular risk associated with @entity3918 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity404 (+) @entity1361 (null)T-cell frequency was analysed by flow-cytometry in 60 @entity3918 @entity1 without overt @entity65 (cDM), in 166 ACS @entity1 with or without @entity3918 (ACS/ @entity3918 +, n= 51 and ACS/ @entity3918 -, n= 115), and in 60 healthy individuals. The incidence of @entity65 ( @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity1459 ) was assessed at 36 months follow-up. @entity404 + @entity1361 (null)T-cell frequency (median, range) was higher in ACS/ @entity3918 + (12.7%, 0.1-48) vs. ACS/ @entity3918 - (3.9%, 0.2-35), cDM (3.1%, 0.3-22.4), and controls (1.5%, 0.1-9.1) (P< 0.001 for all comparisons). Notably, cDM @entity1 had significantly higher @entity404 + @entity1361 (null)T-cell frequency than controls (P= 0.001). Glycosylated haemoglobin A(1c) was the only parameter independently associated with @entity404 + @entity1361 (null)T-cells in cDM. The 36-month event-free survival was significantly lower in cDM @entity1 with @entity404 + @entity1361 (null)T-cells >= 4% (90th percentile of normal distribution) than in those with @entity404 + @entity1361 (null)T-cells <4% (P= 0.039). Among ACS @entity1 , the 36-month event-free survival was the lowest in those with @entity3918 and @entity404 + @entity1361 (null)T-cells >= 4% and highest in those without @entity3918 and @entity404 + @entity1361 (null)T-cells <4% (P< 0.001), being intermediate in those with only one of these features. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity3918 @entity1 , @entity404 + @entity1361 (null)T-cells are expanded and are associated with poor glycaemic control; they also correlate with the occurrence of a first cardiovascular event and with a worse outcome after an ACS.

title: Expansion of @entity404 + XXXX null T-lymphocytes in @entity6 @entity1 : exploring new pathogenetic mechanisms of increased cardiovascular risk in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes', 'ACSs']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1361 :: (940,Gene) :: ['CD28']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Changes in thyroid hormone levels, mostly as @entity3214 ( @entity3214 ), have been described in many diseases. However, the relationship between @entity879 ( @entity879 ) and thyroid hormone levels has not yet been clarified. The present study evaluates potential correlations of select thyroid functional parameters with @entity879 . METHODS: 84 consecutively recruited @entity879 @entity1 were grouped according to the outcome of @entity879 (spontaneous recovery: SR; transplantation or death: NSR). TSH, free @entity1955 (fT4), free @entity1954 (fT3), T4, and T3 were determined. RESULTS: More than 50% of @entity1 with @entity879 presented with @entity1374 . These @entity1 had greater risk for an adverse outcome than euthyroid @entity1 . SR @entity1 had significantly higher TSH, T4, and T3 concentrations than NSR @entity1 . Albumin concentrations were significantly higher in SR than in NSR. In vitro T3 treatment was not able to rescue primary @entity1 hepatocytes from @entity1443 induced changes in mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity879 , TSH and total @entity6145 levels differed significantly between SR @entity1 and NSR @entity1 . This might be related to diminished liver-derived transport proteins, such as albumin, in more severe forms of @entity879 . Thyroid parameters may serve as additional indicators of @entity879 severity.

title: Higher Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, XXXX and @entity1955 Values Are Associated with Better Outcome in @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['non-thyroidal illness syndrome', 'NTIS']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal thyroid parameters']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['Triiodothyronine']


abstract: Heat induces an increase in the fraction of cells staining with the nontoxic fluorescent membrane dye @entity16967 (DL). The fraction of cells excluding DL can, under certain circumstances, be closely correlated to the fraction of cells surviving a heat treatment. @entity16967 has previously been shown to select for @entity165 -free membrane domains. We now describe the use of DL to provide rapid estimates of the kinetics of thermotolerance development and decay in vitro and in vivo. Following a 45 degree C-10-min heat shock, @entity3569 ovary cells develop resistance to the lethal effects of a second heat treatment. This thermotolerance, as measured by both clonogenicity and resistance to DL staining, is maximal at approximately 12 h and gradually decays with a t1/2 of 2 to 3 days. DL staining also has utility in predicting the heat survival response in vivo. Radiation-induced @entity1492 grown in C3H @entity19 were heated to 43 degrees C for 30 min. From 1 to 3 days later the @entity5 were excised and a single cell suspension was prepared. @entity5 cells were then heated in vitro and assayed for survival or scored microscopically for DL staining. The two assays again yielded similar results showing maximal resistance by 19 h which decreased toward control @entity6167 by 49 h. The evaluation of @entity4329 and induced thermotolerance is critical to rational treatment design in clinical @entity221 . DL staining is rapidly quantitated by flow cytometry and can be applied to biopsy samples to provide estimates of @entity6167 within hours.

title: XXXX , a new probe for assaying heat-induced cell killing and thermotolerance in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity16967 :: ('CHEBI:42024', 'Chemical') :: ['dansyl lysine', 'Dansyl lysine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heat sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4329 :: ('MESH:C563242', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic heat sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity16967 :: (CHEBI:42024,Chemical) :: ['Dansyl lysine']


abstract: Hepatic and alimentary ketogenesis occur at similar rates in fed, nonpregnant, nonlactating @entity1237 , @entity742 and dairy @entity291 . Alimentary ketogenesis begins to diminish within 24 h after fasting but compensatory increases in hepatic ketogenesis maintain total splanchnic release and, therefore, no change in circulating concentrations of @entity6178 bodies is observed. By the third day of fast the gut is utilizing @entity4323 and @entity4322 and alimentary ketogenesis has ceased. Hepatic ketogenesis of both @entity6178 bodies accelerates rapidly due to portal-drained visceral and hindquarter lipolysis and subsequent hepatic @entity844 uptake and total circulating concentrations are doubled. During pregnancy and lactation in @entity742 and @entity291 alimentary ketogenesis is maintained as long as digestible organic matter intake is constant. Hepatic and total splanchnic release of @entity4322 increases in late gestation and early lactation. Again, this is due to increased portal-drained visceral and hindquarter free @entity844 release and hepatic free @entity844 uptake. Hindquarter uptake of both @entity16623 during late gestation is similar to the ratio observed in nonpregnant fed @entity742 but the percentage of utilization decreases, perhaps reflecting partitioning to uteroplacental tissues. Hindquarter uptake of both @entity6178 bodies in @entity742 increases in early lactation due to increased circulating concentrations because extraction ratios are similar to those of fed animals. Ketosis during pregnancy in @entity742 and lactation in @entity291 may be prevented by @entity4322 stimulation of pancreatic insulin production. However, an insulin-independent intrahepatic mechanism apparently occurs in @entity742 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Hepatic ketogenesis and peripheral XXXX body utilization in the ruminant.

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

answer: @entity6178 :: (CHEBI:17087,Chemical) :: ['ketone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 is an important cause of mortality among @entity1 in developing countries, especially in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. Infection with high-risk (HR) @entity1082 ) has been identified as the primary cause of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HR-HPV genotypes in low-grade and high-grade squamous @entity75 ( @entity2784 , @entity2784 ) and @entity2622 ( @entity2622 ) among Venezuelan @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects with histopathological diagnosis of @entity2784 , @entity2784 , and @entity2622 ( @entity2784 =200; @entity2784 =100; @entity2622 =150) were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. Biopsy samples of these subjects were analyzed to determine the lesion type. HPV detection and typing was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse hybridization. HPV type specific prevalence was determined in subjects with single and multiple @entity281 . RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 68%, 95%, and 98.7% of @entity2784 , @entity2784 , and @entity2622 cases, respectively. HR-HPV and low-risk oncogenic HPV (LR-HPV) was observed in 66.9%/11.8% of @entity2784 cases, 87.3%/3.2% of @entity2784 cases, and 91.2%/0.7% of @entity2622 cases. HPV types -16/-18 (65%) were the most common high-risk HPV types observed, followed by types -52, -33, -45, and -31. CONCLUSION: @entity5 burden in Venezuelan @entity1 is substantial. HPV types -16/-18 were the most common types prevalent among Venezuelan @entity1 followed by types -52, -33, -45, and -31 (prevalence, ~90.1%). The results of this study provide baseline information on the HPV type distribution, which may facilitate the development of a @entity5 prevention and control program in Venezuela.

title: @entity1082 ) type distribution in XXXX , low-grade, and high-grade squamous @entity75 in Venezuelan @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: Spleen cells from BALB/c @entity19 immunized against @entity2328 were fused with @entity19 @entity1582 cells (P3X6.5.3.) in the presence of @entity968 ( @entity968 ), and the hybridomas were obtained. Of the 85 hybridomas, 23 were found to produce antibodies. Of the 23 cell lines, 13 hybridomas which produced a high titer of antibodies were cultured for cloning the cells by the limiting dilution method. Then 5 monoclonal antibodies were obtained. The immunoglobulin class of the monoclonal antibodies were IgM in one, IgG in 4. IgG monoclonal antibodies were studied by the ABC immunostain method. The germinal layer, brood capsules and protoscolices were stained. Germinal layer was especially stained by 4 monoclonal antibodies. However sections of liver, kidney, spleen and other parasites; anisakis, @entity2329 lumbricoides, @entity2330 and @entity2042 were not stained with those monoclonal antibodies.

title: [Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity2328 :: ('6211', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus multilocularis']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['schistosoma japonicum']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol', 'PEG 1000']

answer: @entity2328 :: (6211,Species) :: ['Echinococcus multilocularis']


abstract: A 52-year-old @entity1 with @entity15993 ( @entity15993 ) was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of skin @entity1066 on his thighs. Routine chest radiography revealed an abnormal shadow in the left upper lung field. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a poorly demarcated homogeneous mass (diameter, 4 cm) in the S1 + 2 lung area; no @entity1143 was observed. CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy revealed the presence of an @entity420 . Other imaging studies did not reveal any lymph-node involvement or presence of metastatic lesions. The @entity1 was diagnosed with stage IB @entity420 (T2N0M0), and a left upper lobectomy was successfully carried out; postoperative wound healing was steady and uneventful, with no obvious @entity1066 formation. @entity2 very rarely develop in @entity1 with @entity15993 ; @entity5 are usually observed in such @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity15993 usually develop severe skin problems, such as @entity4537 in the extremities; however, our @entity1 did not develop any skin-related complications after surgery. As the expected lifespan of @entity1 with @entity15993 is increasing, we need to pay attention not only to the rare non-epithelial @entity5 , but also @entity5 . Further, the expected short lifespan of @entity1 with @entity15993 , as well as the possibility of skin-related problems after surgery, should not be considered while deciding whether to take the option of surgery in the case of @entity5 .

title: Primary XXXX associated with @entity15993 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-epithelial tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Primary lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity15993 :: ('MESH:D014898', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'Werner Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4537 :: ('MESH:D012883', 'Disease') :: ['refractory skin ulcers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Fiberoptic ductoscopy allows direct visualization of the breast ductal lumen, providing a targeted approach to the diagnosis of @entity66 . The purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether (1) endoscopic evaluation of the breast could be reliably performed, and (2) ductoscopic data (intraductal distance traveled, visual observations, epithelial and foam cell quantity, cytology) predict whether a @entity1 has @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ductoscopic information was collected on intraductal distance traveled, visual observations, epithelial and foam cell quantity, and cytology. RESULTS: Ductoscopic samples were successfully collected in 106/108 attempts. The first six specimens collected were acellular. Of the 100 remaining ductoscopic specimens, 37 were from breasts with @entity513 in situ or invasive @entity0 , 10 from breasts with @entity1613 , 37 duct @entity1373 / @entity1185 , 11 histologically normal specimens, and five specimens from breasts that did not undergo subsequent surgical excision. The ability to travel intraductally > or = 10 cm was greater in @entity1 with @entity1373 and @entity1185 (with and without atypia) lesions. Intraductal lesions that were visually considered @entity5 were more often @entity1373 / @entity1185 and @entity5 . Extrinsic duct occlusion was observed only in malignant lesions. Excluding learning curve samples, 67/100 (45% of normal, 68% of @entity5072 , 90% of precancerous, 82% of @entity513 in situ, and 70% of invasive) fiberoptic ductoscopy specimens had adequate epithelial cells, and all duct cannulation attempts except two were successful. There was one false-positive cytologic result in a @entity1 found to have a @entity1185 . Foam cell quantity was significantly related to epithelial cell quantity. CONCLUSION: Fiberoptic ductoscopy is feasible in the vast majority of subjects. Fiberoptic ductoscopy is a specific but not sufficiently sensitive method to be used alone to diagnose @entity0 . The presence of highly atypical epithelial cells in specimens from breasts containing @entity1185 is a pitfall of this method. Caution must be exercised to avoid a false-positive diagnosis in @entity1 with spontaneous nipple discharge.

title: Ductoscopic cytology to detect XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignant than other lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'papilloma']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility, @entity137 , and potential efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy before surgery in @entity1 with @entity1149 limited to the chest. DESIGN: Phase 2 pilot study. SETTING: Multi-institutional, multimodality cooperative group. @entity1 : Eight-five @entity1 with advanced stage III-A or minimal stage III-B @entity1149 in whom attempted resection would have been likely to leave @entity66 . INTERVENTION: @entity900 , 75 mg/m2, was given on days 1 and 29; @entity1487 , 1 g/m2 for 24 h, was given as a continuous infusion on days 1 to 4 and 29 to 32; thoracic radiation, 30 Gy in 15 fractions, was administered on days 1 to 19. Thoracotomy with @entity5 resection was planned for day 57. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Two @entity1 achieved a complete and 46 achieved a partial response after the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for an overall response rate of 56%. @entity137 was moderate but acceptable. Fifty-four @entity1 underwent thoracotomy and @entity5 resection was attempted in 44; 29 (34%) had complete and 15 (18%) had incomplete resections. There was no apparent @entity260 . In eight @entity1 (9%), no viable @entity5 was detected pathologically in the resection specimen. Of the 18 @entity1 whose @entity5 were completely resected and had disease recurrence, none had recurrence only in the chest, 15 (83%) had recurrence in distal sites, and 3 (17%) developed second @entity5 . Median survival of all @entity1 was 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: This neoadjuvant regimen did not appear to provide major benefit in @entity1 with advanced but potentially resectable @entity1149 . Further studies are needed to better define the relative roles of preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

title: Preoperative chemotherapy ( @entity900 and @entity1487 ) and radiation therapy in XXXX . A phase 2 study of the LCSG.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['increase in postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, controlled, prospective multicenter trial comparing the outcomes of @entity613 ( @entity613 ) @entity1 treated with the interspinous process decompression system (X STOP) with @entity1 treated nonoperatively. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of the X STOP interspinous implant. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1 suffering from @entity613 secondary to @entity2649 have been limited to a choice between nonoperative therapies and decompressive surgical procedures, with or without fusion. The X STOP was developed to provide an alternative therapeutic treatment. METHODS.: 191 @entity1 were treated, 100 in the X STOP group and 91 in the control group. The primary outcomes measure was the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire, a @entity1 -completed, validated instrument for @entity613 . RESULTS: At every follow-up visit, X STOP @entity1 had significantly better outcomes in each domain of the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire. At 2 years, the X STOP @entity1 improved by 45.4% over the mean baseline Symptom Severity score compared with 7.4% in the control group; the mean improvement in the Physical Function domain was 44.3% in the X STOP group and -0.4% in the control group. In the X STOP group, 73.1% @entity1 were satisfied with their treatment compared with 35.9% of control @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The X STOP provides a conservative yet effective treatment for @entity1 suffering from @entity2649 . In the continuum of treatment options, the X STOP offers an attractive alternative to both conservative care and decompressive surgery.

title: A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial evaluating the X STOP interspinous process decompression system for the treatment of XXXX : two-year follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic intermittent claudication', 'NIC']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['neurogenic intermittent claudication']


abstract: Sera collected in New York in 1984 from 77 @entity1 with homozygous @entity8674 were assayed for antibodies to HTLV-III by ELISA and Western blot techniques. Eight (12%) of the 66 hypertransfused thalassemics were seropositive. Retrospective sera of these eight individuals were examined by radioimmune precipitation (RIP), and assays for neutralization of virus infectivity were performed. With seroconversion, antibodies to viral envelope proteins appeared first and were correlated with development of neutralizing antibody. Affinity purified @entity7957 , the major envelope glycoprotein of HTLV-III, blocked viral infectivity and absorbed neutralizing antibody activity from a positive serum. Neutralizing antibody titers mirrored antibody titers to @entity7957 by RIP. Antibody to @entity7957 sometimes occurred in the absence of neutralizing antibody, although the reverse was not true. One @entity2395 @entity1 who exhibited antibody to @entity7957 for 3 yr post-seroconversion failed to develop neutralizing antibody, acquired the acquired @entity465 with central nervous system involvement and @entity706 , and subsequently died. In contrast, all other seropositive thalassemics possessed neutralizing antibodies, and were asymptomatic or exhibited only lymphadenopathy. These results indicate that @entity7957 elicits neutralizing antibodies in the course of natural infection with HTLV-III. The relationship seen here between neutralizing antibody and better clinical outcome needs to be verified by additional studies.

title: HTLV-III neutralizing antibody development in transfusion-dependent seropositive @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity5845 have high rates of sudden, unexpected @entity204 . The mechanism of @entity204 in these @entity1 is uncertain. Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity5845 (22 sudden @entity204 , 6 unnatural deaths) were compared to 11 age-matched nonobese @entity1 with traumatic deaths. Heart weight, left ventricular cavity diameter, left and right ventricular wall thickness, @entity1757 , and extent of @entity453 were determined; myocyte size, nuclear size, and degree of interstitial @entity82 were calculated morphometrically. Mean heart weights in the @entity1 with @entity5845 were increased but remained constant as a percentage of body weight. Of the gross parameters, only heart weight and left ventricular cavity size were independent predictors of @entity28 . Of microscopic parameters, only nuclear area was an independent predictor of @entity28 . Of 22 @entity1 with @entity5845 , @entity384 was the most frequent cause of @entity1164 in (10 @entity1 ), followed by severe @entity453 (6), @entity4346 without @entity5988 (4), @entity1151 (1), and hypoplastic coronary arteries (1). The @entity296 of @entity5845 is characterized by @entity1283 , @entity5988 , and myocyte @entity1184 in the absence of interstitial @entity82 . It is the most common cause of @entity1164 in these @entity1 .

title: Sudden death as a result of heart disease in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal thickness, epicardial fat thickness']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['concentric left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis', 'coronary artery atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'cardiac deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity519 -inducible factors mediate adaptive responses to @entity63 , among others, by induction of anti- and pro-survival genes. Thus, the impact of HIF on neuronal survival upon @entity64 is controversial. Therefore, neuron-specific knockout @entity19 deficient for @entity1965 and @entity22168 were exposed to inspiratory @entity519 or @entity63 -reperfusion injury. Both @entity1965 - and @entity22168 -deficient @entity19 showed no altered @entity1188 and @entity4 size, suggesting that both HIF-a subunits might compensate for each other. Accordingly, @entity519 HIF-target gene regulation was marginally affected with exception of anti-survival @entity18134 and pro-survival erythropoietin. In the early acute stage upon @entity64 , @entity1965 / @entity22168 double knockout @entity19 exhibited significantly reduced expression of the anti-survival @entity18134 , @entity22551 , and @entity22552 . Accordingly, global cell death and @entity4 were significantly reduced upon 24   h but not 72   h reperfusion. Behavioral assessment indicated that @entity1965 / @entity22168 -deficient @entity19 initially performed better, but became significantly more impaired after 72   h accompanied by increased apoptosis and reduced angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that in neurons HIF-1 and HIF-2 have redundant functions for cellular survival under ischemic conditions. By contrast, lack of anti-survival factors in @entity1965 / @entity22168 -deficient @entity19 might protect from early acute neuronal cell death and @entity16 , indicating a benefit of HIF-pathway inhibition in neurons in the very acute phase after @entity385 .

title: Neuronal XXXX and @entity22168 deficiency improves neuronal survival and sensorimotor function in the early acute phase after @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1965 :: (15251(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['HIF-1a']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: LBA4003 Background: CRT is one of the best treatment options for localized @entity418 . As new combinations are required to improve safety and survival, we launched a randomized phase II study to assess the complete response (CR) rate of CRT with FOLFOX versus @entity1487 / @entity900 in 97 pts with localized @entity418 (Conroy 2010). The trial having met its objectives, it has been pursued as a phase III trial. Stratified randomization was performed centrally in a 1:1 ratio according to histological type, pretreatment weight loss in the prior 6 months (<10% vs >= 10%), ECOG PS (0 vs 1 vs 2), and center. METHODS: Pts with technically unresectable @entity5 or those with surgical contraindications or who refused to undergo surgery were eligible. Eligibility criteria also included age >18 years (y), PS <=  2, previously untreated @entity420 or squamous cell @entity418 (any T, N0 or N1, M0 or M1a). The radiation dose was 50 Gy (2Gy/fr) 5 d/wk for 5 wks in both arms. In Arm A, pts received 6 bimonthly cycles (cy): @entity901 85 mg/m2 d1 and @entity4181 200 mg/m2 followed by @entity1487 400 mg/m2 bolus d1 then 1,600 mg/m2 46h continuous infusion (ci) ; the first 3 cy were delivered during RT, the 3 other after. In Arm B, pts received 4 cy: @entity900 75 mg/m2 d1 followed by 5FU 1,000 mg/m2/d ci d1-4, the first 2 cy during RT and 2 other after. The primary endpoint was PFS. Main secondary endpoints were OS, grade 3-4 @entity137 , and quality of life. A total of 266 pts would provide 90% power to detect a 20% 3y-PFS difference (a=0.05). RESULTS: 267 pts were enrolled between 10/2004 and 08/2011. Treatment cohorts were well balanced: male 81%; median age 61 y; PS 0 53%, squamous cell 85.8%, stage III 52%, @entity18079 6.0% and IVB 3.0%. Full treatment was delivered to 67.9% and 72.2% of pts in arms A/B, respectively. 7 toxic deaths occurred in each arm. Grade 3/4 @entity137 per pt (%) in arms A/B were @entity1398 30.6/31.3, @entity1398 5.3/7.0, @entity417 5.4/11.0, asthenia 17.6/10.2, respectively. The median FU time was 25.3 mos. 3y-PFS was 18.2/17.4 % (HR=1.07; 95%CI =0.80-1.43) and median OS was 20.2 /17.5 m (HR=1.06; 95%CI =0.77-1.46). CONCLUSIONS: CRT with FOLFOX does not improve PFS compared to @entity900 and @entity1487 and has similar @entity137 .

title: Phase III randomized trial of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with FOLFOX or @entity900 and XXXX in @entity418 ( @entity418 ): Final results of the PRODIGE 5/ACCORD 17 trial.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent efforts are being undertaken to update and refine current diagnostic criteria for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplantation. We believe that the appropriate reactants are those that best predict the adverse consequences of AMR and therefore tested various models using different reactants to find the best predictors of @entity65 in pathologically defined AMR. METHODS: The study group included only @entity1 in whom all immunofluorescence antibodies of interest had been tested on biopsy specimens obtained after 2002 when C4d was routinely added. We analyzed our data using 3 Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying covariates using an end point of @entity65 , as previously defined. RESULTS: In 3,712 biopsy specimens from 422 @entity1 , the 2-antibody model achieved a value of R(2) = 0.930 using @entity8428 and C4d antibodies alone. A model that used 4 antibodies-- @entity8428 , C4d, human leukocyte antigen-D related (HLA-DR) and fibrin--was superior (R(2) = 0.988). The model that best predicted @entity65 included all 6 antibodies: HLA-DR, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, @entity8428 , C4d, and fibrin (R(2) = 0.989). The models using 4 or 6 antibodies were significantly superior to the model using only @entity8428 and C4d (for each interaction, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of complement components, HLA-DR and fibrin, is valuable in defining AMR in @entity1 at risk for allograft loss from cardiovascular causes. Fibrin is particularly important for detecting the presence of severe AMR, with a high likelihood of poor long-term @entity1 outcome.

title: Antibody testing for cardiac antibody-mediated rejection: which panel correlates best with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity358 in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is characterized by a neutrophilic inflammatory response. This can lead to the production of oxidants, and to oxidative stress in the lungs. @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) represents the primary intracellular antioxidant, and provides an important defense in the epithelial lining fluid. Evidence suggests that lymphocyte @entity2197 reflects lung @entity2197 concentrations, and so could potentially serve as a peripheral marker of @entity55 . METHODS: We assessed peripheral blood lymphocyte @entity2197 concentrations in 20 @entity1 (13 @entity1 ) with @entity1577 who were in stable condition at the time of evaluation. Values were compared with nutritional status and lung function parameters. RESULTS: @entity1 were 11.7+/-3.03 years old (mean +/- SD). Their percentage of ideal body weight was 101.8+/-17.92%; FEV1, 79.5+/-19.22% predicted; FEV1/FVC, 75.0+/-10.08%; and residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC), 31.3+/-10.47%. For the group, the @entity2197 concentration was 1.31+/-0.52 micromol/10(6) lymphocytes, which was not different from laboratory control values. @entity2197 values were correlated with nutritional status (percentage of ideal body weight: r = 0.49, p < 0.03) and the degree of gas trapping (RV/TLC: r = 0.50, p < 0.03), and were correlated inversely with airflow limitation (FEV1, percent predicted: r = -0.45, p < 0.05; FEV1/FVC: r = -0.48, p < 0.04), but not with age, height, or weight (p > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: We interpret the inverse correlation between lymphocyte @entity2197 concentration and lung function as a reflection of upregulation of @entity2197 production by lung epithelial tissue in response to oxidative stress. We interpret the correlation between lymphocyte @entity2197 concentration and nutritional status as a reflection of the role of @entity462 in hepatic @entity1160 metabolism. Peripheral blood lymphocyte @entity2197 concentration may potentially serve as a convenient marker of @entity55 . Furthermore, the increased demand for @entity2197 production in the face of ongoing @entity32 suggests a potential role for supplementation with @entity462 donors.

title: Lymphocyte XXXX levels in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of latanoprost, a @entity3009 analog, on the blood-aqueous barrier and angiographic @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) formation in early postoperative @entity6781 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Included in the study were eyes with @entity2790 , normal-tension @entity726 , or primary @entity1538 undergoing surgery for @entity231 . The study consisted of a randomized double-masked trial for latanoprost and an open-label controlled trial for determining the effects of @entity3522 or @entity11074 eyedrop use on latanoprost or its placebo. We compared 4 groups of eyes with concurrent application of latanoprost and @entity3522 (group A), latanoprost and @entity11074 (group B), latanoprost placebo and @entity3522 (group C), and latanoprost placebo and @entity11074 (group D). A laser flare cell meter was used to determine the severity of blood-aqueous barrier disruption, and @entity941 angiography was performed to determine angiographic @entity1103 formation. Mean diurnal intraocular pressure differences were compared on the preoperative baseline day and in the fifth postoperative week. Latanoprost (0.005%) or its placebo was given once a day starting 2 days before surgery until the fifth postoperative week. @entity3522 or @entity11074 eyedrops were given 4 times a day before surgery on the day of surgery and 3 times a day until the fifth postoperative week. RESULTS: In group B compared with group D, the amount of flare 3 days and 1 and 2 weeks after surgery and the incidence of angiographic @entity1103 in the fifth postoperative week were significantly higher. These 2 factors were significantly higher in group B than in group A (P < .05) and in group D than in group C (P < .01). There was no significant difference in these factors between groups A and C. The intraocular pressure decline was significant in groups A and B compared with groups C and D (P < .05), but there was no significant difference between groups A and B and between groups C and D. CONCLUSIONS: Latanoprost therapy enhances disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier and increases the incidence of angiographic @entity1103 formation in early postoperative @entity6781 . Because administration of nonsteroidal eyedrops such as @entity3522 seems to prevent the adverse effects of latanoprost therapy while maintaining its effect to lower intraocular pressure, we suggest their concurrent application.

title: Latanoprost accelerates disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier and the incidence of angiographic @entity1103 in early postoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity6781 :: ('MESH:D019591', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakias']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac', 'diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CME', 'cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity11074 :: ('MESH:D005469', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorometholone']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity6781 :: (MESH:D019591,Disease) :: ['pseudophakias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if marriage and marital strain are related to the 10-year @entity301 ( @entity301 ) incidence or total mortality. Research has demonstrated associations between marital strain and prognosis of @entity299 , but little research has addressed the association between specific aspects of marital strain and incident @entity301 . METHODS: From 1984 to 1987, 3682 @entity1 (mean age 48.5 +/- 10.1 (standard deviation) years; 52% @entity1 ) of the Framingham Offspring Study were examined; measures of marital status, marital strain, and risk factors for @entity301 were collected at the baseline examination. The present study describes the 10-year follow-up for incident @entity301 and total mortality. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, cigarette smoking, @entity6 , and total @entity165 /high density @entity165 , the married @entity1 compared with unmarried @entity1 were almost half as likely to die during follow-up (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34-0.83). @entity1 who "self-silenced" during conflict with their spouse, compared with @entity1 who did not, had four times the risk of dying (HR = 4.01; 95% CI: 1.75-9.20). @entity1 with wives who were upset by work were 2.7 times more likely to develop @entity301 (HR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.22-6.03). Marital happiness, satisfaction, and disagreements were not related to the development of @entity301 or @entity204 in @entity1 or @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that marital communication, conflict, and strain are associated with adverse health outcomes. Further research into the influence of marital stress on health is merited.

title: Marital status, marital strain, and risk of XXXX or total mortality: the Framingham Offspring Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: The appearance of microalbuminuria in @entity6 @entity1 predicts development of macroalbuminuria and @entity301 . @entity5433 in @entity299 is related to an increased incidence of arrhythmic deaths. To assess sympathovagal balance in relation to microalbuminuria we performed 24-h spectral analysis of RR interval oscillations in 37 insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 . @entity1 were divided according to urinary albumin excretion as normo-(< 20 micrograms/min) (n = 12), micro-(> 20 and < 200 micrograms/min) (n = 14) and macro- @entity633 (> 200 micrograms/min) (n = 11). None had symptoms or signs of @entity299 at clinical examination or during stress testing. Fourteen matched healthy subjects served as controls. Overall RR interval variability was calculated as the 24-h standard deviation. The square root of power of the @entity2198 were considered indices of the sympathovagal interaction and vagal function, respectively. @entity1 with micro and macroalbuminuria had, compared to control subjects, significantly reduced 24-h standard deviation, a much smaller day/night difference in mean RR level and a significantly reduced amplitude of the low frequency and high frequency oscillations, which were even more reduced in macroalbuminuria. The differences in vagal function were also present after correction for mean RR level, and differences in physical training level and smoking. Insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 who develop microalbuminuria have significantly impaired vagal function and abnormal sympathovagal interaction, which is further deranged in macroalbuminuria. This early @entity5433 may later contribute to a increased risk for @entity1164 .

title: Early recognition of @entity5433 in microalbuminuria: significance for cardiovascular mortality in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) component']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic dysfunction', 'autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity2227 -induced excitotoxicity is responsible for @entity528 in acute neurological conditions as well as in chronic @entity179 . In this review, we give an overview of the contribution of excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of @entity746 ( @entity746 ). The selective motor neuron death that is the hallmark of this @entity179 seems to be related to a number of intrinsic characteristics of these neurons. Most of these characteristics relate to @entity460 entry and @entity460 handling in the motor neurons as intracellular free @entity460 concentrations increase quickly due to a high @entity2227 -induced @entity460 influx in combination with a low @entity460 buffering capacity. The high @entity460 influx is because of the presence of @entity7336 lacking, @entity460 -permeable AMPA receptors while a low expression of @entity460 binding proteins explains the low @entity460 buffering capacity. In the absence of these proteins, mitochondria play an important role to remove @entity460 from the cytoplasm. While all of these characteristics make at least a subpopulation of motor neurons intrinsically very prone to @entity140 receptor mediated excitotoxicity, this vulnerability is further increased by the disease process. Mutated genes as well as unknown factors do not only influence the intrinsic characteristics of the motor neurons, but also the properties of the surrounding astrocytes. In conclusion, excitotoxicity remains an intriguing pathological pathway that could not only explain the selectivity of the motor neuron death but also the role of surrounding non-neuronal cells in @entity746 . In addition, excitotoxicity is also an interesting drug-able target as indicated by the only FDA-approved drug, @entity10891 , as well as by a number of ongoing clinical trials.

title: XXXX and excitotoxicity: from pathological mechanism to therapeutic target.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: Twenty-six premature @entity742 were treated by tracheal instillation of [ @entity3209 ]labeled natural @entity742 surfactant before the onset of breathing or after the establishment of @entity649 30 min after birth. Half of both groups were subsequently ventilated for 3 h with 100% O2 by conventional mechanical ventilation ( @entity2834 ) and half by high frequency oscillation superimposed onto backup mechanical ventilation (HFOV). Mean airway pressure, arterial blood pressures, and heart rate were recorded continuously. Arterial blood gases and pH were obtained every 15 min. After sacrifice, the distribution of radiolabeled surfactant was quantified and alveolar expansion was evaluated by morphometrics. At comparable oxygenation, mean airway pressures were significantly lower in the @entity742 treated with surfactant at birth (groups @entity2834 -B and HFOV-B) than in @entity742 on @entity2834 and treated with surfactant during RDS (group @entity2834 -R). Mean airway pressures in both groups of @entity742 on HFOV (groups HFOV-B and HFOV-R) were comparable at values lower than in group @entity2834 -R and higher than in group @entity2834 -B. The distribution of radiolabeled surfactant was more homogeneous in @entity742 treated at birth and not different for both types of ventilatory assistance. Morphometrics demonstrated significantly better expansion of the alveoli of @entity742 ventilated with HFOV than of those on @entity2834 , irrespective of the timing of surfactant administration. These results indicate that prophylactic surfactant administration at birth leads to a better distribution of surfactant than rescue treatment with surfactant after the establishment of @entity649 and is not affected by a subsequent type of ventilatory assistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of high-frequency oscillation superimposed onto backup mechanical ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation on the distribution of exogenous surfactant in premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: Recent GWAS studies focused on uncovering novel genetic loci related to @entity195 have revealed associations with variants near CLU, @entity3432 , @entity4690 and @entity4691 . In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study in an independent set of 1034 cases and 1186 controls using the Illumina genotyping platforms. By coupling our data with available GWAS datasets from the ADNI and GenADA, we replicated the original associations in both @entity4690 ( @entity4692 ) and @entity3432 ( @entity4693 ). The @entity4690 variant seems to be non-significant after we adjusted for @entity2204 e4 status. We further tested our top markers in 751 independent cases and 751 matched controls. Besides the markers close to the @entity2204 locus, a marker ( @entity4694 ) upstream of @entity4691 locus was replicated and the combined analysis reached genome-wide significance level (p=5E-08). We combined our data with the published Harold et al. study and meta-analysis with all available 6521 cases and 10360 controls at the @entity4691 locus revealed two significant variants ( @entity4694 , p=1.32E-10 and @entity4695 , p=3.16E-10) in limited linkage disequilibrium (r   = 0.05) with each other. The independent contribution of both SNPs was supported by haplotype conditional analysis. We also conducted multivariate analysis in canonical pathways and identified a consistent signal in the downstream pathways targeted by Gleevec (P=0.004 in Pfizer; P=0.028 in ADNI and P=0.04 in GenADA). We further tested variants in CLU, @entity4690 , @entity4691 and @entity3432 for association with disease progression in 597 @entity195 @entity1 where @entity73 are sufficient. Both the @entity4690 and CLU variants showed nominal significant association with @entity73 as measured by change in Clinical @entity303 Rating-sum of boxes (CDR-SB) score from the baseline but did not pass multiple-test correction. Future experiments will help us better understand potential roles of these genetic loci in @entity195 pathology.

title: Meta-analysis for genome-wide association study identifies multiple variants at the @entity4691 locus associated with late-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'longitudinal cognitive measures']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The optimal treatment method for displaced @entity6342 continues to be under debate. There are a variety of fixation techniques, none of which has been proven to be more effective. We retrospectively studied 24 @entity1 with displaced @entity174 , treated with the Polarus intramedullary nail. All @entity1 were followed radiographically and clinically for one year. Clinical outcome was assessed with the Constant score. All @entity174 went on to clinical and radiographic union. Mean time to union was 9.2 weeks (range: 9-16). Only one @entity1 with a 3-part @entity174 had an asymptomatic malunion and one @entity1 had iatrogenic @entity4542 , which spontaneously recovered. In total, 83.3% of the @entity1 had an excellent or good clinical outcome. The Polarus nail appeared in this study as an effective device to treat @entity6342 , with good overall functional results and a low complication rate.

title: Internal fixation of XXXX with the polarus intramedullary nail.

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'proximal humerus fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve palsy']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['proximal humerus fractures']


abstract: @entity2759 may develop into @entity451 in some cases during operation of the thoracoabdominal aorta. This is attributable to the vulnerability of spinal motor neurons to @entity63 . In this study, iloprost was used as an agent to decrease the severity of @entity63 and reperfusion injury to the spinal cord motor neurons. Twenty-one @entity95 were randomized into three groups of seven animals each: group A (iloprost not administered), group B (25 ng/kg per minute iloprost), and group S (sham-operated). The @entity2759 model was created by a 15-min occlusion of the aorta just caudal to the renal artery with a balloon catheter. Administration of iloprost began 10 min before occlusion of the aorta, and continued thereafter for 60 min. The pre- and postocclusion arterial pressure and heart rate recordings, results of blood gas analyses, and hematocrit and @entity413 levels were recorded. The spinal cords were removed after 8-h monitoring of neurologic function. Viable and nonviable motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord were counted under light microscopy. Any significant alteration in hemodynamics, blood gases, and other physiologic parameters could not be detected within the groups. Iloprost had a moderately @entity551 effect. Neurologic function in terms of Johnson scoring was significantly better in the iloprost group (P<0.05). The number of viable cells was higher, whereas the number of nonviable cells was lower in iloprost group, when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Higher numbers of viable motor neurons were consistent with the neurological findings. As a result of this study we concluded that iloprost infused during clamping of the aorta mitigates the @entity1566 due to @entity63 and reperfusion, and has a significant protective effect.

title: Early protective effects of iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, during XXXX in a @entity95 model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia', 'spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['spinal cord ischemia']


abstract: In view of the methodological problems of epidemiological studies on associations between residential and occupational exposures to 50/60-Hz @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) and increased incidence of @entity5 , laboratory studies are necessary to determine if 50/60-Hz @entity2194 can affect @entity5 development or growth. Recently, it was reported that alternating (50-Hz) @entity2194 of low flux density (100 microT) increase @entity5 growth and progression in a model of @entity0 in female @entity35 in which @entity5 were induced by the chemical carcinogen @entity3653 ( @entity106 ). The objective of the present study was to determine if a replicate experiment carried out in the same laboratory under the same experimental conditions yields a significant increase in @entity5 development and growth of similar magnitude. For the @entity2194 experiment, a group of 99 female @entity35 was exposed to a homogeneous horizontally polarized @entity2194 for 24 h/d (minus time for weighing, @entity5 palpation, cage cleaning, cage rotation), 7 d/wk; another group of 99 @entity35 was sham exposed. @entity106 was administered intragastrically at a dose of 5 mg/ @entity35 at the first day of exposure and at weekly intervals thereafter up to a total dose of 20 mg/ @entity35 . Duration of @entity2194 or sham exposure was 91 d. In both @entity2194 -exposed and sham-exposed @entity35 , the first @entity5 could be recorded 6 wk after the initial @entity106 application. At 9 wk after @entity106 application, the group of @entity2194 -exposed @entity35 exhibited significantly more animals with @entity5 than the sham-exposed group. This significant difference in the rate of @entity5 development was observed throughout the subsequent period of exposure. After autopsy, the incidence of macroscopically visible @entity5 was 62% in controls, but 83% in @entity2194 -exposed @entity35 , with the 35% difference between groups being statistically significant. Data substantiate that long-term exposure of @entity106 -treated female @entity35 in an alternating @entity2194 of low flux density promotes the development and growth of @entity5 , thus indicating that @entity2194 exposure exerts @entity5 -promoting and/or copromoting effects. Furthermore, the data show that the effects of @entity2194 exposure in the @entity106 @entity0 model are reproducible if the same experiment is repeated in the same laboratory.

title: Acceleration of mammary tumorigenesis by exposure of @entity3653 -treated female XXXX in a 50-Hz, 100-microT magnetic field: replication study.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['magnetic fields', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current guidelines recommend severity of @entity1030 be graded by using forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). But this measurement is biased by @entity2850 depending on lung volume and airflow resistance. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the effect of @entity2850 on FEV1 is greater in @entity2415 than @entity3311 because of larger lung volumes, and this influences severity classification and prognosis. FEV1 was simultaneously measured by spirometry and body plethysmography (FEV1-pl) in 47 subjects with dominant @entity2415 and 51 with dominant @entity3311 . Subjects with dominant @entity2415 had larger lung volumes, lower diffusion capacity, and lower FEV1 than those with dominant @entity3311 . However, FEV1-pl, @entity1 -centered variables ( @entity1353 , quality of life, exercise tolerance, exacerbation frequency), arterial blood gases, and respiratory impedance were not significantly different between groups. Using FEV1-pl instead of FEV1 shifted severity distribution toward less severe classes in dominant @entity2415 more than @entity3311 . The body mass, obstruction, @entity1353 , and exercise (BODE) index was significantly higher in dominant @entity2415 than @entity3311 , but this difference significantly decreased when FEV1-pl was substituted for FEV1. In conclusion, the FEV1 is biased by @entity2850 more in subjects with dominant @entity2415 than in those with @entity3311 . This variably and significantly affects the severity grading systems currently recommended.

title: Severity grading of XXXX : the confounding effect of phenotype and @entity2850 .

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic gas compression']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim was to identify a mathematical model that, when fitted with the survival time distribution of a @entity978 population, would provide a reliable estimate of expected survival at diagnosis for any new @entity978 @entity1 . This model would be based upon a multivariable selection of the best prognostic factors evaluable at diagnosis and its forecast could be of assistance in the choice of treatment. METHODS: The study sample consisted of the 5,023 @entity1 whose basic clinical information was collected into the @entity978 . These were @entity1 treated with standard protocols over the last two decades in 18 institutions. Several survival time distributions (exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, log-logistic and log-normal) were investigated to find the one that best fit the data and to relate its parameters to @entity1 prognostic characteristics. RESULTS: The log-normal model provided the best fit for the data. The most statistically significant prognostic covariates were stage, age, histotype, B symptoms, serum albumin, sex and involved area distribution. Mediastinal, extranodal or bone marrow involvement, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, serum alkaline phosphatase and @entity880 dehydrogenase did not add significant information. An equation containing these seven variables was derived to estimate median survival. Five distinct prognostic classes were identified by four cut-off values for this estimate. CONCLUSIONS: Direct use of estimated median survival or allocating each @entity1 into one of the five prognostic classes allows better tailoring of clinical strategies according to prognostic characteristics, more accurate @entity1 stratification and evaluation of results in clinical trials and metaanalyses. Instructions are given for using this tool for both clinical and investigational purposes.

title: Estimate of expected survival at diagnosis in @entity978 : a means of weighting prognostic factors and a tool for treatment choice and clinical research. A report from the @entity978 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin', 'IDHD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['IDHD']