abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) may promote @entity409 . This phenomenon requires further investigation, especially in @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ), as it is considered the experimental model most similar to @entity309 . OBJECTIVES: identify @entity1753 -induced changes in NE and @entity3451 responses in @entity19 aortas that may suggest @entity409 in these animals. Moreover, characterize @entity1753 -induced modifications in @entity13633 expression in the aortas and cardiac and renal tissues taken from these @entity19 that may be related to possible @entity409 . METHODS: Male DBA/1J @entity19 were immunized with 100  g of emulsified @entity291 collagen type II (CII) plus complete Freund's adjuvant. Twenty-one days later, these animals received a boost of an additional 100  g plus incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Fifteen days after the onset of the disease, aortic rings from @entity1753 and control @entity19 were challenged with NE and @entity3451 in an organ bath. In these animals, @entity13633 was detected through immunohistochemical analysis of aorta, heart and kidneys. Plasma @entity3542 concentration was determined using the Griess reaction. RESULTS: @entity1753 did not change NE or @entity3451 responses in @entity19 aorta but apparently increased the @entity13633 expression, not only aorta, but also in cardiac and renal microcirculation. In parallel, @entity1753 reduced @entity3542 plasma concentration. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity19 , @entity1753 appears to increase the presence of @entity13633 in aorta, as well as in heart and in kidney microcirculation. This @entity13633 increase apparently occurs in parallel to a reduction of the bioavailability of NO. This phenomenon does not appear to change NE or @entity3451 responses in aorta. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Collagen-induced arthritis increases inducible nitric oxide synthase not only in aorta but also in the cardiac and renal microcirculation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Interleukin (IL)-12 (p70), composed of @entity10357 and @entity12782 subunits, stimulates cellular immunity and @entity32 . Stimulation of IL-12 production by smokeless @entity286 extract ( @entity26995 ) could increase the chances of oral inflammatory disease. However, @entity12782 forms homodimers and is part of IL-23 heterodimers. Expression of @entity10357 and @entity12782 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-gamma requires activation of nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-kappaB) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) transcription factors. To determine the impact of @entity26995 on expression of @entity10357 and @entity12782 , the activities of @entity10357 and @entity12782 promoter reporter plasmids in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with @entity26995 alone or in the presence of @entity60 and LPS were assessed. In addition, nuclear localizations of @entity1991 , @entity1992 and @entity67385 in RAW264.7 cells treated with @entity26995 were evaluated. The results show that @entity26995 alone stimulates @entity12782 and @entity10357 promoter activity and enhances @entity60 -induced @entity12782 and @entity10357 promoter activity. In contrast, @entity26995 had no effect on LPS-induced @entity10357 and @entity12782 promoter activity and diminished @entity60 /LPS-induced @entity10357 promoter activity. @entity26995 had little effect upon nuclear localization of IRFs, but it stimulated nuclear localization of both @entity1991 and @entity1992 . @entity26995 also stimulated @entity60 -induced activation of @entity1991 but reduced nuclear localization of @entity60 - and @entity60 /LPS-induced NF-kappaB @entity1992 . SN50, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB nuclear localization, significantly lowered @entity26995 -induced @entity10357 and @entity12782 promoter activity. These results suggest that @entity26995 stimulation of bioactive IL-12 production is correlated with its impact upon both @entity10357 and @entity12782 and can be attributed in part through an effect upon @entity1991 nuclear localization.

title: Modulation of IL-12 @entity10357 and @entity12782 promoter activity by smokeless XXXX extract is associated with an effect upon activation of NF-kappaB but not IRF transcription factors.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: This study tested the potential of circulating RNA-based signals as predictive biomarkers for @entity1205 response in @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 ( @entity263 ). RNA was analyzed in blood from six @entity263 @entity1 by whole-transcriptome sequencing (total RNA-sequencing) before and after @entity1205 treatment using the Illumina's HiSeq platform. Targeted RNA capture and sequencing was performed in an independent cohort of ten @entity1 with @entity263 matching the discovery cohort to confirm differential expression of the genes. Response to @entity1205 was defined on the basis of @entity1486 levels and imaging criteria. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare differential gene expression in @entity1 classified as responders versus nonresponders before and after @entity1205 treatment. Thirty-four genes with two-fold differentially expressed transcripts in responders versus nonresponders were selected from total RNA-sequencing for further validation. Targeted RNA capture and sequencing showed that 13/34 genes were differentially expressed in responders. Alpha defensin genes @entity23120 , @entity66886 , and @entity23121 exhibited significantly higher expression in responder @entity1 compared with nonresponder @entity1 before administration of chemotherapy (fold change >2.5). In addition, post- @entity1205 treatment significantly increased transcript levels of these defensin genes in responders (fold change >2.8). Our results reveal that @entity1 with higher defensin RNA transcripts in blood respond well to @entity1205 therapy. We suggest that monitoring @entity23120 , @entity66886 , and @entity23121 RNA transcripts in blood prior to treatment will be helpful to determine which @entity1 are better candidates to receive @entity1205 chemotherapy.

title: Whole blood defensin mRNA expression is a predictive biomarker of XXXX response in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mitral annular/leaflet calcification (MALC) is frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity472 ( @entity472 ). However, the impact of MALC on mitral valve function has not been established. We aimed to investigate whether MALC reduces mitral annular area and restricts leaflet opening, resulting in @entity4794 . METHODS: Real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal images of the mitral valve were acquired in 101 @entity1 with degenerative @entity472 and 26 control @entity1 . The outer and inner borders of the mitral annular area (MAA) and the maximal leaflet opening angle were measured at early diastole. The mitral valve area (MVA) was calculated as the left ventricular @entity64 volume divided by the velocity time integral of the transmitral flow velocity. RESULTS: Although the outer MAA was significantly larger in @entity1 with @entity472 compared to control @entity1 (8.2  1.3 vs 7.3  0.9   cm(2), p<0.001), the inner MAA was significantly smaller (4.5  1.1 vs 5.9  0.9   cm(2), p<0.001), resulting in an average decrease of 45% in the effective MAA. The maximal anterior and posterior leaflet opening angle was also significantly smaller in @entity1 with @entity472 (64  10 vs 72  8  , p<0.001, 71  12 vs 87  7  , p<0.001). Thus, MVA was significantly smaller in @entity1 with @entity472 (2.5  1.0 vs 3.8  0.8   cm(2), p<0.001). Twenty-four (24%) @entity1 with @entity472 showed MVA <1.5   cm(2). Multivariate regression analysis including parameters for mitral valve geometry revealed that a decrease in effective MAA and a reduced posterior leaflet opening angle were independent predictors for MVA. CONCLUSIONS: Calcific extension to the mitral valve in @entity1 with @entity472 reduced effective MAA and the leaflet opening, resulting in a significant @entity4794 in one-fourth of the @entity1 .

title: Calcific extension towards the mitral valve causes XXXX in @entity472 : real-time 3D transoesophageal echocardiography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'degenerative aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['non-rheumatic mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['non-rheumatic mitral stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central gastrectomy (CG) for @entity356 was developed to preserve pyloric function and maintain a large gastric volume. Whether this procedure is feasible for limited cases of @entity356 is unclear. METHODS: On the basis of Union Internationale Contre le Cancer TNM classification, pathologic characteristics, perioperative parameters, and long-term results, we analyzed 100 @entity1 who underwent CG. RESULTS: Pathologic findings included T1 ( @entity5 depth, mucosal or submucosal) in 82 @entity1 and T2 (muscularis propria or subserosal) in 18 @entity1 . Mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 17.3, and pathologic N1 (node @entity3 , 6 or less) was found in 14 @entity1 . There were no operative deaths, but 5 @entity1 had postoperative complications: anastomotic leakage in 1, severe @entity7623 in 2, @entity2275 in 1, and @entity548 in 1. No @entity1 had a @entity5 recurrence in a mean follow-up of 49 months. New early @entity356 was detected in 3 @entity1 during follow-up endoscopic examination. The 5-year cumulative survival was 0.97. One year after CG, 63 @entity1 had early satiety after food intake. Mean ratio of 1-year postoperative/preoperative body weight was 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Central gastrectomy with sufficient node dissection resulted in good long-term survival and minimal postoperative weight loss. CG is a safe and useful procedure for selected @entity1 with @entity356 , although close follow-up for recurrence and a more precise analysis on physiologic states is needed.

title: Editorial comment: feasibility of central gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Between 50% and 89% of @entity1118 @entity1 report unrefreshing sleep. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to compare the sleep of normal subjects with the sleep of a clinical population presenting musculoskeletal @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ), @entity22 and @entity4531 /periodic limb movements during sleep (RLS/PLMS) in order to identify sleep variables that may explain the poor sleep complaints of @entity1118 @entity1 . METHODS: Sleep data from 10 normal subjects and 37 @entity1 (mean age 55+/-3 yo), matched for age and sex, were retrieved from our sleep data bank. Sub-analysis controlled for the effects of medication. RESULTS: In comparison to normal subjects, sleep duration was shorter in @entity1118 @entity1 (-71 min; p<0.01); sleep efficiency was significantly lower in @entity1118 and @entity22 @entity1 (-10.1% and -11.1%, respectively; p<0.05). @entity1118 and PLMS @entity1 lost one non-rapid eye movement (REM) to REM sleep cycle (p<0.04). An intermediate level of @entity6512 was observed during the sleep of @entity1118 @entity1 in comparison to normal subjects (8.8/h vs. 2.0/h) and PLMS @entity1 (33/h). Regular use of non-narcotic analgesics did not seem to interfere with sleep variables. CONCLUSIONS: The sleep of middle-aged @entity1 with @entity1118 is comparable to that of @entity22 @entity1 . The moderate level of @entity6512 during sleep suggests that such sensory motor activity needs to be evaluated in @entity1 suffering from @entity1118 .

title: Comparison of sleep variables between chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, XXXX , periodic leg movements syndrome and control subjects in a clinical sleep medicine practice.

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['CWP', 'chronic widespread pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['psychophysiological insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Primary @entity2828 (ESs) are extremely rare @entity5 , limited to the skin and generally appear as a single small lesion, circumscribed mid-to-deep dermis or involving subcutis. Due to their rarity and morphological similarity to other @entity5 , ESs are subject to being clinically and pathologically subdiagnosed. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 37-year-old @entity1 presented a large rapidly growing mass of the first toe measuring 9.5*8cm with no radiological evidence of bone involvement. The @entity1 underwent wide surgical @entity5 resection; histological, immunohistochemical and molecular evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of ESs. Postoperative examinations revealed no @entity3 and after 11 months follow-up no recurrences were detected. DISCUSSION: Current literature reports only a few isolated cases or small series. ESs are generally described as small masses with a favorable clinical behavior. Despite lower extremity is a relatively frequent site, only rare and small ESs of the foot have been reported. To our knowledge the present case is the largest ES of the foot. Despite its large size, the @entity1 did not report any @entity3 confirming the hypothesis of treating superficial ES with surgery alone, thus avoiding adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy and their related side-effects. CONCLUSION: ESs still remain exceedingly rare @entity5 and they could not be taken in consideration into differential diagnosis. This case represents a peculiar example of large ES in an uncommon site as the foot successfully treated with surgery alone, and may serve as an alert for those physicians who approach such rapidly growing superficial lesions.

title: A peculiar case of large primary cutaneous XXXX of the foot: Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cutaneous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["cutaneous extraskeletal Ewing's sarcomas"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: Twenty-three European centers participated in a randomized clinical trial (AML-5) to study the effect of @entity3800 and immunotherapy during maintenance in adult @entity3052 . Induction treatment consisted of @entity632 ( @entity632 ) 50 mg/m2 day 1, vincristine VCR 1 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity2592 80 mg/m2 every 12 hours by push injection days 3-9. @entity1 in complete remission were randomized into four groups: (1) @entity4446 70 mg/m2 days 1-14, @entity1499 15 mg/m2 twice weekly days 15-28, and reinduction with @entity5699 35 mg/m2 and @entity1891 1 mg/m2 day 29; (2) chemotherapy as in group 1 plus @entity27620 0.15 mg/kg/day; (3) @entity332 70 mg/m2 orally on 4 consecutive days and @entity2592 80 mg/m2 subcutaneously day 5 every week; and (4) chemotherapy as in Group 3 plus irradiated blast cells treated with @entity689 . Three hundred forty-eight @entity1 were eligible and 295 were evaluable. The median age was 45 yrs. A complete remission was achieved in 64% of the @entity1 , with 158 complete remissions randomized. @entity1 not randomized and @entity1 receiving bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were analyzed separately. There was no difference in disease-free survival (DFS) or survival in the four maintenance arms. For @entity1 reaching complete remission, the median DFS was 40 weeks, and median survival was 22 months with 30% surviving at 4 years. The overall survival was 18% at 4 years. There was no beneficial effect for DFS or survival by adding either immunotherapy or @entity3800 to chemotherapy during maintenance. However, @entity1 receiving immunotherapy seemed to have a higher rate of responses to reinduction after relapse than those in the other treatment arms.

title: A randomized comparison of maintenance treatment with XXXX , immunotherapy, and chemotherapy in adult @entity3052 . A Leukemia-Lymphoma Group Trial of the EORTC.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity27620 :: ('MESH:D013197', 'Chemical') :: ['stanozolol']

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['6-thioguanine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['androgens']


abstract: Background: @entity320 belongs to the most deadly @entity1 @entity5 and despite all preventive programs its incidence continues to rise. Until 2011, chemotherapy was the only therapeutic option for inoperable or @entity3 in the Czech Republic. However, new treatment modalities (e. g. targeted therapy) have been introduced recently. Aim: Since most of the modern drugs are still available only in clinical trials, the aim of this article is to provide a brief and comprehensive review of current treatment options for @entity3 . The attention is focused on their potential side effects, so that doctors who do not usually deal with these drugs would get acquainted with them. This could contribute to a prompt management of associated symptoms or an early referral of the @entity1 to an appropriate clinical centre without undue delay.Key words: @entity320 - immunotherapy - targeted therapy - side effects - @entity817 inhibitor - anti- @entity4386 -anti-PD-1 - @entity8047 inhibitor The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or   services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE "uniform requirements" for biomedical papers.Submitted: 30. 9. 2014Accepted: 8. 10. 2014.

title: [Adverse Effects of Modern Treatment of XXXX and their Treatment/Management.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant Melanoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: White matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin, are recognized as an important cause of morbidity with established clinical and cognitive consequences. Nonetheless, many doubts remain on its physiopathology. Our goal is to clarify the potential role of @entity2998 and other vascular risk factors in the development of white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included @entity1 that underwent CT brain scan and neurosonologic evaluation within a one-month period. Full assessment of vascular risks factors was performed. We seek to find independent associations between white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin, carotid intima-media thickness and vascular risk factors. RESULTS: 472 @entity1 were included, mean age was 67.32 (SD: 14.75), 274 (58.1%) were male. The independent predictors of white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin were age (OR: 1.067, 95% IC: 1.049 - 1.086, p < 0.001) and @entity101 (OR: 1.726, 95% IC: 1.097 - 2.715, p = 0.018). No association was found between IMT (OR: 2.613, 95% IC: 0.886 - 7.708, p = 0.082) or @entity543 (OR: 1.021, 95% IC: 0.785 - 1.328, p = 0.877) and white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. DISCUSSION: Only age and @entity101 proved to have an independent association with white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. Carotid @entity731 , evaluated by IMT and the degree of @entity543 , showed no association with white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. Since @entity731 is a systemic pathology, these results suggest that alternative mechanisms are responsible for the development of white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. CONCLUSION: Age and @entity101 seem to be the main factors in the development of white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. No association was found between @entity2998 and white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin.

title: [Carotid XXXX and white matter hypodensities: a controversial relationship].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Clinicopathologic features of 45 @entity1 with @entity879 due to massive or submassive @entity99 were studied. Both percutaneous biopsies and liver explants were available in 23 @entity1 , whole livers only in 11 cases, and biopsies only in 11 cases. An etiologic diagnosis was established in 16 cases (36%). A further 3 cases (7%) were associated with @entity2150 . Established etiologies included @entity137 (n = 7); @entity775 (n = 3); @entity1508 @entity99 (n = 1); @entity63 / @entity551 (n = 1); @entity18277 (n = 1); @entity2383 (n = 1); @entity9058 (n = 1); and @entity99 (n = 1). The extent of @entity39 on liver biopsy correlated poorly with that in liver explants (mean difference, 32% +/- 23.8%). Almost all cases could be classified into one of 2 broad patterns of @entity39 , namely, (1) @entity39 or (2) panlobular (nonzonal) @entity39 . These patterns differed significantly with respect to several clinical parameters including sex ratio, peripheral blood white cell count, serum @entity492 transaminase and @entity493 transaminase, conjugated @entity648 , and alkaline phosphatase levels. Livers with panlobular @entity39 showed a spectrum of histopathologic findings that included central venulitis (76%), lymphocytic infiltration of large duct/gallbladder epithelium (54%), and syncytial giant cell transformation (18%). These features were not seen in livers with @entity39 which frequently showed prominent @entity1560 (91%). Both patterns of @entity39 frequently showed ductular proliferation (100%) and cholangiolitis (80%). The diagnostic yield of ancillary studies (histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy) was very low (<1%). The small proportion of cases with etiologic diagnoses precluded correlation of clinical and histopathological parameters with specific etiologies. In summary, this study describes the spectrum of changes seen in massive and submassive @entity39 in @entity1 and identifies clinical features that might differentiate between 2 broad patterns of @entity39 .

title: Clinicopathologic spectrum of massive and submassive XXXX in @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disorder']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity18277 :: ('MESH:D009145', 'Disease') :: ['mushroom poisoning']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['zonal coagulative necrosis', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic necrosis', 'hepatitis', 'adenoviral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis, type 2']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A wide variety of modalities, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, alone or in combination, have been used for the treatment of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the maxillary sinus to obtain better local control and maintain functions. However, there is still much controversy with regard to the optimum treatment. METHODS: From 1987 to 1999, 33 @entity1 with @entity957 of maxillary sinus were treated at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo Hospital. The treatment consisted of 30-40 grays (Gy) of preoperative radiotherapy with concomitant intraarterial infusion of @entity1487 and @entity900 followed by surgery and 30-40 Gy of postoperative radiotherapy, for @entity5 without skull base invasion. For @entity5 invading the skull base, preoperative systemic chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy was performed, instead of intraarterial chemotherapy, then followed by skull base surgery. The surgical procedures varied according to the extent of @entity5 . Results were compared with those of the 108 @entity1 treated in our hospital from 1976 to 1982. RESULTS: Partial maxillectomy was performed in 2 T2 @entity1 and 12 T3 @entity1 . Total maxillectomy was performed in 1 T2 @entity1 , 3 T2 @entity1 , and 7 T4 @entity1 . Skull base surgery was performed in eight T4 @entity1 . Orbital content and hard palate were preserved in 22 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 , respectively. The overall 5-year survival rates were 86% in T 3 @entity1 and 67 % in T4 @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our multimodal treatment has provided favorable local control and survival outcome with good functional results.

title: Results of multimodality therapy for XXXX of maxillary sinus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which when taken in adequate amounts provide a health benefit on the host. They have been used to improve @entity344 , and their popularity has prompted increased interest for their role in the promotion of oral health also. The study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of diet alteration on oral microflora with the addition of probiotics in the form of curd in the diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample pool included total 20 @entity1 , 15 in experimental group; who were given curd containing probiotic bacteria in their diet daily and 5 @entity1 in control group; who were contradicted of food containing probiotics. All the @entity1 were followed for over a period of 1-year. A pre and post quantitative analysis of @entity6586 and Lactobacilli were done in the saliva of both active and control groups, and caries score was recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data thus compiled were statistically evaluated using Chi-square test and Pearson correlation on SPSS software version 14. RESULTS: In experimental group, 87% @entity1 showed decrease and 7% showed increase in @entity6586 count (P = 0.83), whereas 67% showed increase and 7% decrease in Lactobacilli count (P = 0.002) after 1-year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Probiotics are upcoming as an intriguing field in oral health. Efforts should be made to increase the knowledge of the general dental practitioners with this facet of @entity66 therapy and promote the implementation of the concept of "food rather than medicine."

title: Evaluation of Lactobacillus and XXXX by Addition of Probiotics in the form of Curd in the Diet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal health']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral disease']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: @entity5015 , a vasodilator and potent inhibitor of @entity1423 , was administered to 26 @entity1 with severe @entity66 of the hands. @entity1 tolerated infusions well and reported appreciable symptomatic improvement. Five of eight ischaemic @entity1066 healed in six weeks. Non-invasive studies of blood flow were used to observe haemodynamic changes during and after infusions. The Doppler-derived radial artery pulsatility index fell from 8.8 +/- 0.6 to 4.6 +/0 0.5 (mean +/- SEM), indicating hand vasodilatation. This fall was maintained 24 hours after infusion (5.9 +/- 0.9), but the index had returned to normal values at two weeks. The amplitude of finger pulse volume recordings increased (5.6 +/- 0.7 mm to 23.8 +/- 3.4 mm) and was raised two and six weeks after infusion (13.5 +/- 2.1 mm). Hand temperature measured by infrared radiometry also increased (27.4 +/- 0.7 degrees C to 31.2 +/- 1.2 degrees C). Intensity of digital @entity2553 induced by cold water challenge was not objectively affected by @entity5015 despite an increased finger temperature after infusion. Nevertheless, @entity1 reported less frequent and severe attacks. @entity5015 given by central venous infusion is a safe new vasoactive agent that can produce appreciable symptomatic improvement by increasing digital perfusion, which may last for several weeks after treatment. Further study will define its mode of action and its place in the management of @entity1095 .

title: Treatment of @entity66 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1', 'Prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity5015 :: (MESH:D000527,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E1']


abstract: Positive and negative symptoms of @entity716 may be common in @entity1 with @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), but few studies have investigated the use of antipsychotic agents in these @entity1 . This preliminary study examined the potential efficacy of @entity1090 in treating @entity716 associated with chronic @entity1005 . In a 5-week, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adjunctive @entity1090 treatment was assessed in 40 combat veterans with chronic @entity1005 and comorbid @entity716 features. Most @entity1 were receiving antidepressants and some other psychotics with doses of concurrent medications held constant for at least 1 month prior to and during the study. Thirty-seven @entity1 completed at least 1 week of treatment with @entity1090 or placebo. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinician Administered @entity1005 Scale (CAPS) were used to assess symptoms. The PANSS was the primary outcome measure. At treatment endpoint, @entity1090 -treated @entity1 showed a significantly greater decrease from baseline, albeit modest, in @entity716 (PANSS total scores) than placebo-treated @entity1 (P < 0.05). CAPS ratings declined significantly in both groups but did not differ significantly between groups. However, CAPS re-experiencing subscale scores had greater improvement in the @entity1090 -treated @entity1 at week 5 (P < 0.05, completer analysis) with a trend towards greater improvement versus placebo a endpoint (P < 0.1, LOCF). @entity1090 was well tolerated with minimal @entity21 . These preliminary results support studying the potential efficacy of @entity1090 for treating @entity716 associated with chronic @entity1005 with a suggestion that core re-experiencing symptoms may also be responsive. Further research using randomized, controlled trial designs in larger @entity1 groups are needed to define more adequately the role of @entity1090 and other atypical agents in @entity1005 .

title: Adjunctive @entity1090 treatment in @entity1005 : a preliminary controlled trial of effects on comorbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['chronic post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'global psychotic symptoms', 'psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Former meta-analyses have shown a survival benefit for the addition of chemotherapy (CHX) to radiotherapy (RT) and to some extent also for the use of hyperfractionated radiation therapy (HFRT) and accelerated radiation therapy (AFRT) in locally advanced @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the @entity135 . However, the publication of new studies and the fact that many older studies that were included in these former meta-analyses used obsolete radiation doses, CHX schedules or study designs prompted us to carry out a new analysis using strict inclusion criteria. METHODS: Randomised trials testing curatively intended RT (> or =60 Gy in >4 weeks/>50 Gy in <4 weeks) on @entity1544 , oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx published as full paper or in abstract form between 1975 and 2003 were eligible. Trials comparing RT alone with concurrent or alternating chemoradiation ( @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), @entity900 , @entity3003 , @entity1138 ) were analyzed according to the employed radiation schedule and the used CHX regimen. Studies comparing conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) with either HFRT or AFRT without CHX were separately examined. End point of the meta-analysis was overall survival. RESULTS: Thirty-two trials with a total of 10 225 @entity1 were included into the meta-analysis. An overall survival benefit of 12.0 months was observed for the addition of simultaneous CHX to either CFRT or HFRT/AFRT (p < 0.001). Separate analyses by cytostatic drug indicate a prolongation of survival of 24.0 months, 16.8 months, 6.7 months, and 4.0 months, respectively, for the simultaneous administration of @entity1487 , @entity900 -based, @entity3003 -based, and @entity1138 -based CHX to RT (each p < 0.01). Whereas no significant gain in overall survival was observed for AFRT in comparison to CFRT, a substantial prolongation of median survival (14.2 months, p < 0.001) was seen for HFRT compared to CFRT (both without CHX). CONCLUSION: RT combined with simultaneous @entity1487 , @entity900 , @entity3003 , and @entity1138 as single drug or combinations of @entity1487 with one of the other drugs results in a large survival advantage irrespective the employed radiation schedule. If radiation therapy is used as single modality, hyperfractionation leads to a significant improvement of overall survival. Accelerated radiation therapy alone, especially when given as split course radiation schedule or extremely accelerated treatments with decreased total dose, does not increase overall survival.

title: A meta-analysis of hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy and combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens in unresected locally advanced XXXX of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['SCC of the oral cavity']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: This study aims to evaluate the frequency of @entity1295 in Moroccan @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), and its relationships with disease-specific variables, psychological status, and @entity25 . A cross-sectional study included @entity1 fulfilled the modified New York classification criteria for @entity1691 . To assess @entity1295 , the first item of Bath @entity1691 activity index (BASDAI) and the @entity1295 ( @entity1295 ) was used. The evaluation included the activity of the disease (BASDAI), global well-being (Bath @entity1691 global index), functional status (Bath @entity1691 functional index), metrologic measurements (Bath @entity1691 metrological index), and visual analog scale of axial or joint @entity158 . The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity1851 were measured. To assess psychological status, the hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale (HADS) was used. Sleep disturbance was assessed by the fourth item of Hamilton @entity148 scale. One hundred and ten @entity1 were included, of average age 38.0 years    12.6. In our data, 66.4% experienced severe @entity1295 (BASDAI @entity1295 >=  5). The mean total score of @entity1295 was 26    12.77. The disease-specific variables contributed significantly with both BASDAI @entity1295 and @entity1295 as dependent variables, accounting for 71.3 and 65.6% of the variance, respectively. The contribution of the @entity308 , @entity148 , and @entity25 were 24.9, 18.4 and 15.4%, respectively. This study state the importance of @entity1295 in @entity1691 @entity1 . Even though disease activity was the most powerful predictor of @entity1295 , the effects of psychogenic factors and @entity25 , should be taken into consideration in the management of @entity1691 .

title: Fatigue in @entity1 with @entity1691 : prevalence and relationships with disease-specific variables, psychological status, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['MAF', 'multidimensional assessment of fatigue', 'fatigue']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbance']


abstract: The past decade of basic research in periodontology has driven radical changes in our understanding and perceptions of the pathogenic processes that drive periodontal tissue destruction. The core elements of the classical model of disease pathogenesis, developed by Page _ Kornman in 1997, remain pertinent today; however, our understanding of the dynamic interactions between the various microbial and host factors has changed significantly. The molecular era has unraveled aspects of genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle and environmental factors that, in combination, influence biofilm composition and the host's inflammatory immune response, creating a heterogenic biological phenotype that we label as ' @entity2521 '. In this volume of Periodontology 2000, experts in their respective fields discuss these emerging concepts, such as a health-promoting biofilm being essential for periodontal stability, involving a true symbiosis between resident microbial species and each other and also with the host response to that biofilm. Rather like the gut microbiome, changes in the local environment, which may include @entity32 , conspire to drive @entity6636 and create a biofilm that supports pathogenic species capable of propagating disease. The host response is now recognized as the major contributor to periodontal tissue damage in what becomes a dysfunctional, poorly targeted and nonresolving @entity32 that only serves to nourish and sustain the @entity6636 . The role of epithelial cells in signaling to the immune system is becoming clearer, as is the role of dendritic cells as transporters of periodontal pathogens to distant sites within the body, namely metastatic infection. The involvement of nontraditional immune cells, such as natural killer cells, is being recognized, and the simple balance between T-helper 1- and T-helper 2-type T-cell populations has become less clear with the emergence of T-regulatory cells, T-helper 17 cells and follicular helper cells. The dominance of the neutrophil has emerged, not only as a potential destructor when poorly regulated but as an equally unpredictable effector cell for specific B-cell immunity. The latter has emerged, in part, from the realization that neutrophils live for 5.4 days in the circulation, rather than for 24 h, and are also schizophrenic in nature, being powerful synthesizers of proinflammatory cytokines but also responding to @entity3009 signals to trigger a switch to a pro-resolving phenotype that appears capable of regenerating the structure and function of healthy tissue. Key to these outcomes are the molecular signaling pathways that dominate at any one time, but even these are influenced by microRNAs capable of 'silencing' certain inflammatory genes. This volume of Periodontology 2000 tries to draw these complex new learnings into a contemporary model of disease pathogenesis, in which @entity32 and @entity6636 impact upon whether the outcome is driven toward acute resolution and stability, chronic resolution and repair, or failed resolution and ongoing periodontal tissue destruction.

title: Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory response mediators or viruses', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that maps the cyclic change of regional myocardial blood volume ( @entity5685 ) during the cardiac cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The method is based on the dominant T(2)* shortening effect of @entity1933 nanoparticle-induced magnetic susceptibility perturbation in myocardium in the steady state. The technique was demonstrated in vivo with normal @entity19 hearts at 9.4 T. The regional @entity5685 maps in left ventricular myocardium were computed from the steady-state pre- and post-monocrystalline @entity1933 nanoparticle (MION) gradient echo (GE) cine images. Cyclic changes of @entity5685 in normal @entity19 were analyzed quantitatively in different transmural and angular locations. RESULTS: High-resolution @entity5685 maps at various cardiac points were obtained. The study showed a general regional @entity5685 decrease from end-diastole (ED) to end-systole (ES). Percentage reductions were 18.2 +/- 6.6%, P < 0.03 in the lateral wall and 24.7 +/- 3.1%, P < 0.0002 in the interventricular septum. The heterogeneous characteristics of @entity5685 transmural distribution were also reported. CONCLUSION: The steady-state susceptibility effect of intravascular superparamagnetic contrast agent (CA) can be used to map the cyclic change of regional @entity5685 . This imaging approach is relatively simple and may provide a new perspective for functional assessment of the microvasculature in myocardium.

title: Mapping cyclic change of regional myocardial blood volume using steady-state susceptibility effect of XXXX nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a community-based exercise program on motor recovery and functional abilities of the @entity2045 in @entity1 with @entity64 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation research laboratory and a community hall. @entity1 : A sample of 63 @entity1 (> or =50y) with chronic deficits resulting from @entity64 (onset > or =1y). INTERVENTIONS: The arm group underwent an exercise program designed to improve @entity2319 (1h/session, 3 sessions/wk for 19wk). The leg group underwent a lower-extremity exercise program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), hand-held dynamometry (grip strength), and the Motor Activity Log. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed a significant group by time interaction (Wilks lambda=.726, P=.017), indicating that overall, the arm group had significantly more improvement than the leg group. Post hoc analysis demonstrated that gains in WMFT (functional ability) (P=.001) and FMA (P=.001) scores were significantly higher in the arm group. The amount of improvement was comparable to other novel treatment approaches such as constraint-induced movement therapy or robot-aided exercise training previously reported in @entity64 . @entity1 with moderate arm impairment benefited more from the program. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot study showed that a community-based exercise program can improve @entity2319 in @entity1 with @entity64 . This outcome justifies a larger clinical trial to further assess efficacy and cost effectiveness.

title: A community-based upper-extremity group exercise program improves motor function and performance of functional activities in XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['paretic upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['upper-extremity function']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND @entity2783 ( @entity5066 ) is a rare complication of @entity627 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of symptomatic @entity2783 in @entity1 with @entity5145 . @entity1 AND METHOD: Retrospective study (1984-2013). We reviewed the medical records of @entity1 with @entity5145 who had a histological diagnosis of @entity2783 (15 @entity1 ). RESULTS: We identified 1.125 @entity1 with @entity5145 . Fifteen (1.3%) @entity1 with @entity2783 were recruited. It was suspected in 14 @entity1 (93.3%) because of @entity1985 in most of them: 14 were symptomatic (93.3%): 5 (33.3%) @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), 5 (33.3%) @entity1511 associated with @entity29 ( @entity29 ), 4 (26.7%) @entity5144 , and one (6.7%) reactive @entity625 . The mean disease duration was 23.9 years. Mortality after one and 5 years of follow-up was 30 and 50% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of clinical @entity2783 in our @entity1 was 1.3%. There was a marked male predominance, with @entity1691 or @entity29 . Clinical @entity2783 was diagnosed at a relatively late stage in @entity5145 .

title: [ @entity2783 complicating XXXX : Analysis of 15 cases.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AND OBJECTIVE: Secondary amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis AA', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy', 'spondyloarthropathies']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity5145 :: (MESH:D025242,Disease) :: ['spondyloarthropathies']


abstract: The low GFR of newborns is maintained by various factors including the renin-angiotensin system. We previously established the importance of angiotensin II in the newborn kidney, using the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindoprilat. The present study was designed to complement these observations by evaluating the role of angiotensin-type 1 ( @entity1129 (1)) receptors, using @entity9886 , a specific @entity1129 (1)-receptor blocker. Increasing doses of @entity9886 were infused into anesthetized, ventilated, newborn @entity95 . Renal function and hemodynamic variables were assessed using inulin and @entity10945 clearances as markers of GFR and renal plasma flow, respectively. @entity9886 0.1 mg/kg slightly decreased mean blood pressure (-11%) and increased diuresis (+22%). These changes can be explained by inhibition of the @entity1129 (1)-mediated vasoconstrictive and antidiuretic effects of angiotensin, and activation of vasodilating and diuretic @entity1129 (2) receptors widely expressed in the neonatal period. GFR and renal blood flow were not modified. @entity9886 0.3 mg/kg decreased mean blood pressure significantly (-15%), probably by inhibiting systemic @entity1129 (1) receptors. GFR significantly decreased (-25%), whereas renal blood flow remained stable. The decrease in filtration fraction (-21%) indicates predominant efferent vasodilation. At 3 mg/kg, the systemic @entity551 effect of @entity9886 was marked (mean blood pressure, -28%), with @entity177 (-57% and -51%, respectively), a stable filtration fraction, and an increase in renal vascular resistance by 124%. The renal response to this dose can be considered as reflex vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent arterioles, rather than specific receptor antagonism. We conclude that under physiologic conditions, the renin-angiotensin is critically involved in the maintenance of GFR in the immature kidney.

title: The effects of XXXX on renal function in the newborn @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity10945 :: ('MESH:D010130', 'Chemical') :: ['para-aminohippuric acid']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decreased GFR and renal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: The complement system is composed by 26 plasmatic proteins. The activation of either the classical or alternative complement pathway leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex C5b-C9 (MAC) which is capable of producing damage of the cellular membrane. MAC has been identified in renal biopsies from @entity1 and experimental, immune and nonimmune @entity8 , but it has not been possible to demonstrate any enzymatic activity on the glomerular basement membrane components (GBM). MAC can produce a lytic or a nonlytic effect on renal cells depending upon the dose used. The lytic effect in vitro has been demonstrated in epithelial, mesangial and endothelial cells, whereas the lytic effect in vivo has been described in a model of acute @entity631 produced by the administration of monoclonal antibody anti-Thy 1.1. which reacts with mesangial cells. The nonlytic effect of MAC on renal cells is characterized by alterations in cell metabolism which can lead the production of @entity2918 , type IV collagen, reactive @entity26 species, and a growth factor resembling interleukin I which can contribute to @entity8 , to the modification of the filtration barrier permeability and hemodynamic changes in experimental @entity631 . The effector mechanisms by which the complement system participates in the pathogenesis of @entity631 are different in the various experimental models of @entity1310 . In @entity1310 the complement pathway participates at least in 3 different ways: a) complement-neutrophil mediated injury, b) MAC dependent mechanism and c) producing hemodynamic alterations. In acute serum sickness the complement system beyond C2 is not necessary for the development of @entity644 and @entity8 , but the MAC assembly seems to be important for the formation of large deposits. In the chronic @entity465 in the early @entity644 as well as in the histological expression of the disease. In the heterologous phase of Heymann's @entity1310 , the @entity644 is complement dependent whereas in the autologous phase the damage depends upon cellular mediated immunity. In passive Heymann's @entity1310 the complement system and particularly MAC, has a central role for the histological lesion of the epithelial cell as well as in the @entity644 . In conclusion, the complement system can mediate renal damage by the following mechanism: a) Releasing chemotactic factors which result in neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil mediated @entity8 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Role of complement in experimental XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'glomerular inflammation', 'glomerular damage']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotoxic nephritis', 'nephritis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['serum sickness model, the complement system participates']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity565 is a complex, @entity66 resulting due to dysregulated immune responses. Genetic factors contribute significantly to @entity565 pathogenesis, and identification of these factors is one of the major goals in understanding the disease. @entity1198 /Th2 helper differentiation has a critical role in modulating the phenotypes associated with @entity12131 . This study was aimed at identifying genetic modifiers of @entity565 in selected genes involved in T helper differentiation. A total of 354 single- @entity4334 polymorphisms (SNPs) in 33 candidate genes were genotyped in a case-control cohort (cases=147, controls=199) and families (n=247) using Illumina's Golden Gate Assay. Five SNPs, @entity64178 @entity6407 ( @entity29953 ), @entity64179 @entity4866 ( @entity650 ), @entity64180 @entity13284 ( @entity16201 ) and @entity64181 @entity13284 ( @entity7116 ) and @entity64182 @entity11414 ( @entity9597 ) were found to be associated with @entity565 in family based as well as in case-control analyses (P=0.002, P=0.001, P=0.004, P=0.003 and P=0.001, respectively). Interestingly, the minor alleles at these loci showed a protective effect. A five loci haplotype, TAACG, in @entity29953 gene, was significantly associated with @entity565 in families (P=1.1 * 10(-6)) and in case-control cohort (P=0.01). In conclusion, our studies led to identification of some key candidate genes, namely @entity29953 , @entity650 , @entity16201 , @entity7116 and @entity9597 that modulate genetic susceptibility to @entity565 in the Indian population. Also, this is the first report of independent association of @entity650 gene polymorphism with @entity12131 .

title: Genetic association of key @entity1198 /Th2 pathway candidate genes, @entity29953 , @entity650 , @entity16201 , XXXX and @entity9597 , with @entity12131 in the Indian population.

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A/G']

entities_list: @entity6407 :: ('c|SUB|A||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A/C']

answer: @entity7116 :: (6775,Gene) :: ['STAT4']


abstract: The efficiency of @entity683 vaccine was evaluated in the working population by comparing the percentage of @entity1 presenting with an @entity683 ( @entity683 ) according to their @entity683 immunization status, drug expenses and workdays lost. A self-completed questionnaire about the vaccination was sent to 5785 @entity1 randomly chosen among 18 249 workers. When any sick leave was incurred amongst the respondents (63.3%), of whom 301 were vaccinated and 3362 unvaccinated, a clinical form was completed by the private physician and the medical adviser of the firm (Electricit   de France and Gaz de France). A final self-completed questionnaire was sent to @entity1 whose sick leave was not documented by a physician's reported diagnosis. In total, we obtained complete data for 90.9% of the sampling. The vaccine coverage rate of 8.2% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 7.4-9.0%] was higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 , increasing with age and professional category. Among the 775 subjects with a medical diagnosis, the vaccine effectiveness was not significant: 27.3% (95% CI = -13.8 to 53.5%). In the unvaccinated group, 9.6% had days absent from work, versus 7.0% in the vaccinated group; the two populations were comparable in terms of clinical symptoms, smoking habits, exposure to respiratory risk factors and chronic pathology. The average duration of sick leave for @entity683 was not significantly different between vaccinated (0.5 days) and unvaccinated workers (0.6 days). Despite the large size of the population and the occurrence of an epidemic due to a virus closely related to the vaccine strain (A/Wuhan/359/95), the vaccine did not effectively protect the small vaccine group nor result in an economic benefit, whatever the professional group.

title: Reduced efficiency of @entity683 vaccine in prevention of XXXX in working adults: a 7 month prospective survey in EDF Gaz de France employees, in Rh  ne-Alpes, 1996-1997.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza-like illness', 'ILI']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza-like illness']


abstract: The periplasmic @entity1507 reductase (Nap) from @entity38622 has a role in cellular redox balancing. Previously, transcription from the nap promoter in @entity38622 was shown to be responsive to the oxidation state of the @entity505 substrate. During batch culture, expression was higher during growth on reduced substrates such as @entity4876 compared to more oxidized substrates such as @entity4588 . In the present study the effect of growth rate on nap expression in @entity4588 -, @entity598 - and @entity4876 -limited chemostat cultures was investigated. In all three cases transcription from the nap promoter and Nap enzyme activity showed a strong correlation. At the fastest growth rates tested for the three substrates nap expression and Nap activity were highest when growth occurred on the most reduced substrate ( @entity4876 > @entity598 > @entity4588 ). However, in all three cases a bell-shaped pattern of expression was observed as a function of growth rate, with the highest levels of nap expression and Nap activity being observed at intermediate growth rates. This effect was most pronounced on @entity4588 , where an approximately fivefold variation was observed, and at intermediate dilution rates nap expression and Nap activity were comparable on all three @entity505 substrates. Analysis of mRNA prepared from the @entity4588 -grown cultures revealed that different transcription initiation start sites for the nap operon were utilized as the growth rate changed. This study establishes a new regulatory feature of nap expression in @entity38622 that occurs at the level of transcription in response to growth rate in @entity505 -limited cultures.

title: Characterization of the expression and activity of the periplasmic @entity1507 reductase of XXXX in chemostat cultures.

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity38622 :: ('82367', 'Species') :: ['P. pantotrophus', 'Paracoccus pantotrophus']

answer: @entity38622 :: (82367,Species) :: ['Paracoccus pantotrophus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3174 is an effective anticonvulsant that has not previously been studied prophylactically in bipolar (BP) @entity1 . Thus a study of @entity3174 prophylaxis was undertaken and is herein reported. METHOD: Bipolar @entity1 were studied who had at least one episode per year in the previous 2 years despite ongoing prophylaxis. @entity1 were stable for a mean of 4 months (range 1-13) before entering the study. @entity3174 or placebo was added to their current therapy in a double-blind cross-over design for 6 months in each phase. Thirty observation periods of 6 months each were studied for 23 @entity1 . RESULTS: Three @entity1 had relapse on @entity3174 and nine had relapse on placebo. There was a significant prophylactic effect of @entity3174 in @entity162 [Cox's F-test for comparing survival in two groups: F(6, 18) = 3.44, p = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests prophylactic effects of add-on @entity3174 in @entity162 . However, the number of @entity1 was small and confirmation is necessary.

title: Prophylactic effect of @entity3174 in XXXX : a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BP illness', 'BP disorder']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a logical algorithm for management of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that occurs after @entity5 removal, and to describe a method for eustachian tube resection. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present an algorithm in the form of a flow chart, describe middle fossa craniotomy for eustachian tube resection, and present three cases in which this technique was used. TECHNIQUE: For CSF leak, pressure dressing at the wound and bed rest for the @entity1 are advised; lumbar drain is indicated if the leak does not resolve. Occasionally, wound exploration is required. @entity5254 is treated first with a lumbar drain. If this approach is unsuccessful, the choice of treatment depends on the @entity1 's @entity393 status. If a @entity1 has no @entity393 , we perform a blind sac closure of the ear canal and pack the eustachian tube. If a @entity1 has @entity393 , wound reexploration and lumbar drainage are advised. When conservative and initial surgical procedures for resolving CSF leak fail, we perform a middle fossa craniotomy to identify, divide, and remove a segmental portion of the @entity5274 and then cauterize and occlude both ends. CONCLUSION: At centers where surgical removal of @entity5 is frequently performed, a logical protocol should be in place for treatment of postoperative CSF leak. The leak location and the @entity1 's @entity393 status are factors in determining the appropriate treatment method. Middle fossa craniotomy for resection of the eustachian tube is a safe, definitive management option for treatment of recalcitrant @entity5254 that occurs after @entity5 surgery.

title: Management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks after XXXX removal.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic tumors', 'acoustic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous eustachian tube']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['CSF rhinorrhea']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['acoustic tumor']


abstract: @entity63302 ( @entity7792 ), a @entity2359 mycotoxin produced by Penicillium citreonigrum is generally detected in cereal grains and agricultural products worldwide, and has numerous toxicological effects on @entity1 and @entity4409 . Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid, sensitive, and reliable immunoassay method for CIT. In this study, artificial antigen CIT-KLH and CIT-BSA was successfully prepared via @entity43464 and @entity26408 two-step method. CIT-KLH conjugates were injected into Balb/c @entity19 , and titer of the antiserum against CIT was determined using CIT-BSA as coating antigen by ELISA method. A hybridoma cell line 8D8 stably secreting monoclonal antibody against CIT was generated by fusing SP2/0 @entity1582 cells with the splenocytes from the immunized @entity19 . The titer of 8D8 mAb reached 1: 1.28     10(5) after purified by caprylic/ @entity1329 precipitation (CA-AS) method. The 8D8 mAb was identified as @entity6527 subtype. The cross-reactivity results indicated that anti-CIT mAb was highly specific to @entity63302 , and the average affinity 4.57     10(8)  L/mol. A sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for CIT was established. Under optimal condition, the linear range to detect CIT was 11.02-2370.48  ng/mL with IC50 of 161.66  ng/mL and the limit of detection of the ic-ELISA was 11.86  ng/mL. With the mean coefficient of variation lowing 5%, the mean recovery in intra-assay and inter-assay were (90.06      1.60)% and (89.65      1.69)%, respectively. Therefore, the anti-CIT mAb secreted by 8D8 hybridoma cell line is useful for analysis of food contaminated with CIT.

title: Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibody against XXXX and development of detection by Ic-ELISA.

entities_list: @entity26408 :: ('CHEBI:53091', 'Chemical') :: ['carbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health']

entities_list: @entity43464 :: ('MESH:C031801', 'Chemical') :: ['succinic anhydride']

entities_list: @entity63302 :: ('MESH:C014416', 'Chemical') :: ['Citreoviridin']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity63302 :: (MESH:C014416,Chemical) :: ['Citreoviridin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4310 ( @entity4310 ) is a risk factor for @entity65 , especially @entity453 ( @entity453 ). The impact on risk of @entity64 is less clear. This study investigated young and middle-aged @entity385 @entity1 ' knowledge on @entity4310 of @entity64 , @entity453 , and @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) with a special regard to sex differences. METHODS: From September 2010 to February 2014, all @entity385 @entity1 aged 15-60 years were prospectively included in the Norwegian @entity64 in the Young Study (NOR- @entity60907 ). @entity4310 of @entity64 , @entity453 and @entity3657 in offspring, siblings, parents, and grandparents was assessed using a standardized face-to-face interview. In addition to 'yes' and 'no', the optional reply 'don't know' was included to improve accuracy. McNemar's test was used to compare paired proportions, i.e. @entity4310 in male vs. female relatives. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to test the influence of @entity1 sex on @entity4310 reporting and to adjust for possible confounding factors. RESULTS: Altogether 257 @entity1 were included. Mean age was 49.5  years and 68.1% were males. @entity4310 of @entity65 was reported by 59% of @entity1 . When asked about @entity4310 of @entity64 , 48 (18.7%) and 46 (17.9%) @entity1 reported yes, whereas 17 (6.6%) and 9 (3.5%) reported 'don't know' regarding father and mother respectively, similarly @entity1 reported 'don't know' regarding 117 (45.5%) paternal vs. 83 (32.4%) maternal grandmothers (p   <   0.001). Female @entity1 reported less 'don't know' and were more likely to report a positive @entity65 than males (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.5 to 7.7; p   =   0.004). @entity1 had more detailed knowledge about @entity453 than @entity64 in fathers (p   <   0.001), mothers (p   <   0.001) and siblings (p   =   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Young and middle-aged @entity64 @entity1 reported a high @entity4310 burden of @entity65 . Females are more likely to report a positive @entity4310 than males. Detailed knowledge on @entity4310 was best for @entity453 . Our results suggest sex has a big impact on @entity4310 knowledge. Females have more knowledge of @entity4310 than males and knowledge is better for relatives with a female than male linkage. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov , unique identifier: NCT01597453 .

title: XXXX @entity1 ' knowledge about cardiovascular family history   -   the Norwegian @entity64 in the Young Study (NOR- @entity60907 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'Family history']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular FH', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Abnormalities in dendritic spines have long been associated with @entity73 and @entity245 , whereas rapid changes in spine shape underlie synaptic plasticity. The key regulators of cytoskeletal reorganization in dendrites and spines are the Rho GTPases, which modify actin polymerization in response to synaptic signaling. Rho GTPase activity is modulated by multiple regulatory proteins, some of which have been found to associate with proteins localized to spines. Here, we show that the nonkinase @entity4621 receptor alpha1-chimerin is present in dendrites and spines, where it binds to the @entity143 receptor @entity11588 subunit in a @entity4621 -dependent manner. Alpha1-chimerin contains a GTPase activating (GAP) domain, with activity toward the Rho family member @entity5180 . Overexpression of alpha1-chimerin in cultured hippocampal neurons inhibits formation of new spines and removes existing spines. This reduction in spine density is mediated by @entity5180 inhibition, because it depends critically on the presence of a functional GAP domain. Conversely, depletion of alpha1-chimerin leads to an increase in spine density, indicating that a basal inhibition of @entity5180 maintains the number of spines at a submaximal level. The ability of alpha1-chimerin to modulate spine number requires an interaction with the @entity143 receptor, because an alpha1-chimerin mutant that binds weakly to @entity11588 fails to decrease spine density. Together, these results suggest that alpha1-chimerin is able to modulate dendritic spine morphology by binding to synaptic @entity143 receptors and locally inactivating @entity5180 .

title: The nonkinase XXXX receptor alpha 1-chimerin binds the @entity143 receptor @entity11588 subunit and regulates dendritic spine density.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental delay']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

answer: @entity4621 :: (CHEBI:37532,Chemical) :: ['phorbol ester']


abstract: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the information policy given to all @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity1 . One hundred consecutive @entity1252 @entity1 were asked to answer anonymously a questionnaire covering demographic issues including education, adherence with prescriptions and advice given and methods of sourcing information. Seventy-three females and ten males responded. The demographic data showed that 34 had a university education, 29 high school and 19 primary school education. An @entity66 was increased compared with the matched population (P < 0.001). Forty-two reported that they had received advice about physical training and forty of them followed this advice. Only 28 out of 46 smokers reported that they had got any advice about smoking, and out of these only 13 followed the advice. The @entity1 with university background were less likely to smoke (P < 0.05) and followed the advice more often (P < 0.05). Most @entity1 followed given advice about exposure to sunlight. Thirty-five percent of those prescribed glucocorticoids reported that they varied from the prescribed dosages without consultation with their specialist. This behaviour was more common in the university group (P < 0.05), this grouping also had a higher median dosage. Seventy-three @entity1 had read the booklet about @entity1252 provided by the clinic. Accessing internet information was more common for those with university education (P < 0.01). This study shows that on the whole @entity1252 @entity1 follow given advice, but adherence varies. Aside from the issue of glucocorticoid dosage adherence, educational level seems to be the most important predictor for adherence to advice. Thus, we conclude that a more individualized approach to delivery of information is required and better follow up is needed.

title: Adherence with advice and prescriptions in XXXX is mostly good, but better follow up is needed: a study with a questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['inability to work due to disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Early graft failure is often associated with technical failures and is therefore potentially avoidable. We used thermal coronary angiography ( @entity2974 ) for intraoperative graft patency control in 370 @entity1 undergoing routine coronary artery bypass graft surgery to determine whether consequent intraoperative bypass graft control may result in improved patency rates. METHODS: The temperature differences generated in between the myocardium and the grafts by injecting cold cardioplegic solution into the proximal end of a vein graft or by warmer blood running through an internal thoracic artery (ITA) graft were detected using three different infrared camera systems. The resulting " @entity6167 " were evaluated for anastomotic patency and to outline graft anatomy. RESULTS: A total of 693 vein grafts were visualized. In 9.4% @entity2974 failed to produce usable images. In the remaining 628 grafts, @entity2974 revealed intraoperative patency in 98.8%. Out of 370 ITA grafts, only 14 could not be sufficiently visualized by @entity2974 . @entity432 (5.3%) were found: 5 intimal flaps; 11 suture imposed strictures; and 3 proximal ITA occlusions. All occluded grafts were subsequently revised or replaced. All sequential ITA as well as 15 right ITA grafts proved to have patent anastomoses. CONCLUSION: Using @entity2974 an early graft dysfunction rate of 1% for vein grafts and 5.3% for ITA grafts could be demonstrated. Most occlusions were due to technical mistakes at the distal anastomosis. @entity2974 outlines grafts and the attached coronaries by temperature differences without the need for a contrast agent. There is no interference with the surgical procedure. It is an ideal, noninvasive method to immediately document the success or failure of myocardial revascularization.

title: Thermal coronary angiography for intraoperative patency control of arterial and saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts: results in 370 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heat pictures']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Nineteen ITA occlusions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The burden of @entity731 has led to treatment prioritization on high-risk individuals without established @entity65 based on risk estimates. We investigated the effects of biological variation in risk factors on risk estimate accuracy and whether current primary prevention screening (risk assessment) models correctly categorize @entity1 . METHODS: A population of 10 000 'perfect' individuals with 100 stimulants affected by biological and analytical variation for systolic blood pressure, total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 was mathematically modelled. @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risks were calculated using the Framingham study algorithm and the mathematical properties of the screening system were evaluated. RESULTS: At internationally recommended 10-year @entity301 risk treatment threshold levels of 15, 20 and 30%, the 95% confidence intervals were +/- 5.1, +/- 6.0 and +/- 6.9% for single-point (singlicate), +/- 3.6, +/- 4.2 and +/- 4.9% for duplicate and +/- 2.8, +/- 3.3 and +/- 3.9% for triplicate estimates respectively (i.e. for singlicate 15% risk, 95% confidence interval is 9.9-20.1%). Consequently, using the 30% risk threshold from the National Service Framework (NSF) for @entity301 with singlicate estimation, 30% of @entity1 who should receive treatment would be denied it and 20% would receive treatment unnecessarily. Multiple measurements improve precision but cannot absolutely define risk. Blood pressure should be measured to the greatest accuracy possible and not rounded prior to averaging. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests biological variation in cardiovascular risk factors has profound consequences on calculated risk for therapeutic decision-making. Current guidelines recommending multiple measurements are usually ignored. Triplicate measurement is required to allow risk to be identified and clinical judgement has to be exercised in interpretation of the results.

title: Accuracy of cardiovascular risk estimation for primary prevention in XXXX without diabetes.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recent developments in cognitive behavioral theory emphasize the role of " @entity458 " in adaptive functioning. Psychological flexibility includes processes of acceptance, mindfulness, values, and @entity73 . The present study was intended to investigate aspects of @entity458 in relation to the functioning of @entity1 with @entity1118 . Two hundred sixty @entity1 seeking treatment for @entity1118 completed a battery of measures, including an expanded version of an instrument assessing responses to @entity158 that reflect both @entity458 and traditionally conceived " @entity158 management strategies" (ie, pacing, relaxation, positive self-statements). Initial psychometric evaluation of the expanded instrument yielded 2 reliable subscales, as hypothesized. Both subscales were correlated with measures of emotional functioning and @entity717 , although @entity458 achieved larger correlations and was correlated with additional measures of physical functioning, health care use, and work status. Regression analyses indicated that, after @entity158 and @entity1 background variables were statistically controlled, @entity458 accounted for significant variance in eight separate measures of functioning while @entity158 management strategies accounted for significant variance in none. These results may call for a shift in our approaches to @entity1118 in line with developments taking place in broader areas of behavioral and cognitive therapy. PERSPECTIVE: This study includes development of an instrument for assessing coping, consisting of traditionally conceived coping strategies and a process that may be unfamiliar to most readers, termed " @entity458 ." Results demonstrated that this process, a blend of acceptance, values-based action, mindfulness, and @entity73 , is significantly related to @entity1 functioning with @entity1118 .

title: Psychological flexibility and traditional XXXX management strategies in relation to @entity1 functioning with @entity1118 : an examination of a revised instrument.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive defusion']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological flexibility']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial disability']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Intractable @entity1625 is a @entity74 with profound effects on cognition and quality of life. @entity302 surgery can lead to @entity410 freedom in @entity1 with @entity1625 ; however, sometimes it fails due to an incomplete delineation of the epileptogenic zone. Brain networks in @entity302 can be studied with resting-state functional connectivity analysis, yet previous investigations using functional magnetic resonance imaging or electrocorticography have produced inconsistent results. Magnetoencephalography allows non-invasive whole-brain recordings, and can be used to study both @entity132 in @entity1625 and regional connectivity at the epileptogenic zone. In magnetoencephalography recordings from presurgical @entity302 @entity1 , we examined: (i) global functional connectivity maps in @entity1 versus controls; and (ii) regional functional connectivity maps at the region of resection, compared to the homotopic non-epileptogenic region in the contralateral hemisphere. Sixty-one @entity1 were studied, including 30 with mesial @entity1315 and 31 with focal neocortical @entity302 . Compared with a group of 31 controls, @entity1 with @entity302 had decreased resting-state functional connectivity in widespread regions, including perisylvian, posterior temporo-parietal, and orbitofrontal cortices (P < 0.01, t-test). Decreased mean global connectivity was related to longer duration of @entity302 and higher frequency of consciousness-impairing @entity410 (P < 0.01, linear regression). Furthermore, @entity1 with increased regional connectivity within the resection site (n = 24) were more likely to achieve @entity410 postoperative @entity410 freedom (87.5% with Engel I outcome) than those with neutral (n = 15, 64.3% @entity410 free) or decreased (n = 23, 47.8% @entity410 free) regional connectivity (P < 0.02, chi-square). Widespread global decreases in functional connectivity are observed in @entity1 with @entity1625 , and may reflect deleterious long-term effects of recurrent @entity410 . Furthermore, enhanced regional functional connectivity at the area of resection may help predict @entity410 outcome and aid surgical planning.

title: Global and regional functional connectivity maps of neural oscillations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['long-range network disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['devastating disorder']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['focal epilepsy']


abstract: We present the results of our initial experience in the use of non-penetrating @entity702 clips in the closure of spinal dura. A retrospective analysis of case notes of @entity1 identified from the unit database was carried out, limited to adults. A proforma that included demographic details, the diagnosis, the procedure undertaken, whether or not additional dural closure methods were used, the use of bed rest and any complications, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. There were 58 @entity1 with a mean age of 53 years. The commonest diagnoses were @entity1653 , @entity424 and @entity3292 . Eight @entity1 had additional methods of dural closure used and approximately half the @entity1 had a period of postoperative bed rest. Eight @entity1 (13.7%) had a CSF leak. Our early experience with the use of non-penetrating clips for the closure of the spinal dura is presented. We have found them easy to use, especially in anatomically-restricted spaces and rapid in their application. However, our results have revealed an unexpectedly high complication rate. A further prospective study to evaluate them more fully is planned.

title: The use of XXXX non-penetrating clips to close the spinal dura.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: The cases of 30 @entity1 with @entity5414 of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints as a complication of plantar ulceration in @entity1201 who underwent excision arthroplasty and primary closure of the plantar @entity1066 were reviewed. Twenty-two of these @entity1 were male. The commonest site of MTP joint involvement was the first MTP joint. The average longitudinal diameter of @entity1066 was 2cm, and most @entity1066 were oval in shape. Diagnosis was made on the basis of signs of @entity281 over the MTP joint, discharge from the @entity1066 and examination with a probe. Infection in the joint ranged from simple synovial discharge to seropurient or purulent discharge. Treatment involved excision arthroplasty of the MTP joint, excision of the @entity1066 with primary closure of the plantar incision and dorsal or lateral drainage depending upon the direction in which the @entity281 extended. In two @entity1 , the plantar wound could not be closed as it was too large. Healing of the plantar incision took 2 weeks in 12 @entity1 and 3 weeks in 14 @entity1 . In four @entity1 , healing did not occur by primary intention. In a follow up of 1-2 years, there was no recurrence in 24 @entity1 , while four @entity1 had recurrent simple ulceration. Two @entity1 were lost to follow up. Review of the results of this procedure dealing with @entity5414 of @entity1411 shows that primary healing of the plantar incision could be achieved in 3 weeks. With regard to recurrence, even though only four out of 28 @entity1066 treated by this procedure recurred, other contributing factors should be considered in a prospective control study to support the view that this procedure has contributed to non-recurrence.

title: Excision arthroplasty: an effective method in the management of XXXX with @entity281 in anaesthetic feet.

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['MTP joints secondary to plantar ulceration']

answer: @entity1411 :: (MESH:D016523,Disease) :: ['plantar ulcers']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several characteristics of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) as predictors of the risk of recurrence or @entity204 were examined in @entity1 with @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). The presence of cancerous nodules as a characteristic of LNMs in @entity3557 has not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) to determine the risk of distant @entity3 and survival in @entity1 with @entity3557 . METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study enrolled 1408 @entity1 with pathologically confirmed @entity3557 without initial distant @entity3 who underwent thyroidectomy and neck dissection. All @entity1 were divided into two groups ( @entity5 group and Non- @entity5 group) according to the presence of @entity5 . RESULTS: Multivariate analyses showed that the presence of a special histologic variant (OR 3.31), @entity5 (OR 7.13), and lateral @entity1600 (OR 4.02) was an independent factor predictive of distant @entity3 . Distant @entity3 was found in 23.1% and 2.3% of @entity1 in the @entity5 and Non- @entity5 group, respectively (p   <   0.001). Furthermore, tumor-specific @entity204 was found in 7.7% and 0.6% of @entity1 in the @entity5 and Non- @entity5 group, respectively (p   <   0.001). @entity1 in the @entity5 group had a shorter distant @entity3 -free survival and overall survival than @entity1 in the Non- @entity5 group (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity3557 is a novel indicator of distant @entity3 and poor survival. @entity3557 @entity1 accompanied with @entity5 should undergo more aggressive treatment and careful follow-up.

title: The presence of cancerous nodules in lymph nodes is a novel indicator of distant @entity3 and poor survival in XXXX with @entity3557 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous nodules in the lymph node', 'CNLN']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis', 'LNM']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vitrification is an alternative to slow-rate freezing for cryopreserving @entity291 embryos. However, this technology requires simplification if it is to be used under field conditions. The main objective of this work was to develop a new system for the direct transfer of vitrified embryos to be used under farm conditions. For this, three objectives were set: (1) to compare the effect of vitrification, using the cryologic vitrification method (CVM), and slow-rate freezing on @entity291 embryo development and quality; (2) to develop a one-step warming procedure for @entity291 in  vitro-produced (IVP) vitrified (by CVM) embryos; and (3) to assess the effects on embryo survival of a new method for the direct transfer of vitrified IVP @entity291 blastocysts. In  vitro-produced blastocysts were initially either vitrified by CVM or subjected to slow freezing to compare embryo survival and quality (experiment 1). No differences were detected between these cryopreservation techniques in terms of the survival and quality variables at 24  hours or in terms of the proteins expressed. However, at 48  hours the vitrified embryos showed higher hatching rates, greater total cell numbers, and lower apoptotic indices (P  <  0.05). In experiment 2, CVM-vitrified IVP blastocysts were warmed by the conventional two-step or one-step warming procedure by incubating them at 41    C in 0.25  M @entity969 for 10  minutes, 0.15  M @entity969 for 10  minutes, or 0.25  M @entity969 for 5  minutes. In addition, embryo transfer (ET) was performed using vitrified embryos warmed by the one-step procedure in 0.25  M @entity969 solution for 5  minutes. As a control group, IVP fresh embryos were transferred to recipient females. No differences were observed in embryo survival or total cell number between any of the warming procedures. Moreover, no significant differences for pregnancy at 60  days were found between the ET groups. In experiment 3, expanded IVP blastocysts were then either vitrified using a conventional or a modified fiber plug designed to allow direct ET after in-straw cryoprotectant (CP) dilution. They were warmed using the one-step process (0.25  M @entity969 , 5  minutes) in a 0.25  mL French straw. Embryo recovery associated with the modified fibreplug system was less reliable than with the conventional system. However, no differences were seen between the systems in terms of in  vitro embryo survival among those finally recovered. Finally, IVP blastocysts were vitrified using conventional fibreplugs to maintain a high embryo recovery rate, and then warmed using the one-step warming in-straw CP dilution procedure, but using an adapter with a wider opening coupled to the French straw and a heated metal chamber to protect and keep the straw at 41    C (experiment 4). No differences were seen in embryo survival rates between the two groups. The CVM combined with this new one-step warming in-straw CP dilution procedure could be used for direct ET under field conditions.

title: Survival of vitrified in  vitro-produced XXXX embryos after a one-step warming in-straw cryoprotectant dilution procedure.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective single-center study aimed to identify features determining long-term outcome after thrombolysis in a Central @entity64 population. METHODS: Between 1 January, 2004, and 31 December, 2010, 415 @entity1 were treated with recombinant @entity1456 at the Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen. @entity64 severity by the National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale score (NIHSSS) and imaging findings by the Alberta @entity64 Programme Early Computed Tomography score (ASPECTS) were evaluated on admission and 1  day later. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3  months and case fatality at 1  year were evaluated. Independent predictors of outcome were identified by multivariate testing. RESULTS: Data of 369 @entity1 were analyzed. Median NIHSSS was 12 (interquartile range [IQR], 8-17) on admission and 10 (IQR, 5-16) at 24  hours. @entity432 was found in 55%. @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) was detected in 3.8%. Outcome was significantly worse, and @entity1779 was more frequent in intra-arterially treated @entity1 . At 3  months, one third of the @entity1 were independent ( @entity5329 ), and 23% were dead. At 1  year 2 of 3 @entity1 were alive. Significant independent predictors of disability at 3  months were 24-hour NIHSSS, admission ASPECTS, admission @entity413 level, and treatment modality. Only the 24-hour NIHSSS was a significant predictor of case fatality at 1  year. CONCLUSIONS: Although short-term outcome was similar, the 3-month and 1-year outcomes were worse than data from previous reports. A more efficient health care program should be implemented after @entity64 to maintain the favorable effect of thrombolysis in the long term.

title: Predictors of Long-term Outcome after Intravenous or Intra-arterial Recombinant XXXX Treatment in the Eastern Hungarian Thrombolysis Database.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'European stroke']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage', 'SICH']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['Tissue Plasminogen Activator']