abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity36543 and @entity5213 sustained-release suppositories in the treatment of @entity15231 . STUDY DESIGN: 369 @entity1 with symptoms and signs of @entity15231 were enrolled in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. After clinical examination and vaginal sampling, 183 @entity1 were treated with a 300-mg @entity36543 suppository and the other 186 with a 150-mg @entity5213 suppository. They were evaluated 1 week after treatment and those who were clinically uncured received a second suppository and were re-assessed 1 week later. All @entity1 were evaluated 1 month after the last administration. At each follow-up visit, clinical efficacy was assessed and a vaginal sampling was performed for microscopic examination and culture. RESULTS: Of the 369 @entity1 included, only the 310 who had a positive culture for a strain of Candida were taken into account for efficacy analysis: 150 in the @entity36543 group and 160 in the @entity5213 group. One hundred and five @entity1 (49 in the @entity36543 group and 56 in the @entity5213 group) were not clinically cured after 1 week and received a second suppository. There were no differences between the two groups for the rates of clinical recovery (disappearance of signs and symptoms) and mycological recovery (negative culture), 1 week after the first application (62.1 and 67.7%, respectively), 1 week after the second application for @entity1 treated twice (72.3 and 80.6%, respectively) and for all @entity1 1 month after the last application (65.3 and 62.0%, respectively). Among the @entity1 cured 1 week after the last application, the mycological recurrence rate after 1 month was significantly higher in the @entity5213 group (32.7 vs. 19.8%, P=0.035). There was a trend towards better efficacy of @entity36543 after the first application, whereas the two treatments had similar efficacy in @entity1 treated twice. There were no serious adverse events and only local irritation was reported, without any statistically significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Single topical administration of @entity36543 and @entity5213 had similar efficacy and safety but the former is associated with a lower rate of mycological recurrence one month after achieving a negative culture.

title: Topical treatment of vaginal candidosis with @entity36543 and XXXX sustained-release suppositories.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15231 :: ('MESH:D014848', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal candidosis', 'vulvovaginitis']

entities_list: @entity36543 :: ('MESH:C061131', 'Chemical') :: ['sertaconazole']

entities_list: @entity5213 :: ('MESH:D004464', 'Chemical') :: ['econazole']

answer: @entity5213 :: (MESH:D004464,Chemical) :: ['econazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Detection of @entity5 site in @entity1 with @entity189 has always been a diagnostic dilemma, necessitating extensive workup. Early detection of @entity5 site coupled with specific therapy improves prognosis. The low detection rate of the @entity5 site can be attributed to the biological behavior or the small size of the @entity5 to be detected by conventional imaging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of @entity419 ( @entity419 ) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in detecting CUP. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of 100 PET-CT scans of @entity1 with @entity189 between November 2009 and December 2013 was performed. Eighteen @entity1 whose final histopathology results could not be obtained for correlation were excluded from analysis. The @entity2495 sites were assessed in correlation with histopathology. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values were assessed for PET-CT. RESULTS: Out of the 82 @entity1 , @entity5 was correctly identified in 57.3% @entity1 by @entity419 PET-CT (true positive). The PET-CT scan results were negative for primary site localization in 15% of @entity1 (false negative). While 21% had true negative results, 7.3% displayed false positive results. PET-CT scan upstaged the disease in 27% cases. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy was found to be 78%, sensitivity 80%, specificity 74%, positive predictive value 88.7% and negative predictive value 59%. CONCLUSION: Our data supports the utility of @entity419 PET-CT scan in the localization and staging of @entity189 .

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of @entity419 Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '18F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['CUP syndrome', 'carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of Unknown Primary']


abstract: PURPOSE: In its recent proposal, the Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against @entity302 classified @entity302 with @entity7965 (CEOP) into two syndromes with different predominant @entity410 types: early onset (Panayiotopoulos type) with eye deviation and @entity391 and late onset (Gastaut type) with @entity227 . We documented the clinical features of a large group of @entity1 with CEOP to confirm whether the classification is justified. METHODS: A file review of all @entity1 with partial-onset @entity410 and interictal occipital spikes referred to our pediatric @entity410 unit between January 1975 and May 1997 yielded 134 who met the criteria for CEOP. Data were collected with a specially developed protocol and classified according to the two International League Against @entity302 : (a) @entity410 classification, to test age-specific differences associated with the predominant @entity410 type, and (b) syndrome classification, to determine whether the clusters of signs and symptoms are sufficiently delineated. RESULTS: Three groups were defined according to the predominant ictal manifestations. Group 1 (visual) consisted of 24 @entity1 (17.9%) with @entity227 ; 19 (14%) of these @entity1 also had overlapping adversive manifestations, either as a separate @entity410 or as part of the same event (median age at first and last @entity410 , 7 years 11 months and 10 years). Group 2 (adversive) consisted of 72 @entity1 (53.7%) with @entity735 (median age at first and last @entity410 , 5 years 2 months and 7 years 2 months). Group 3 (nonvisual, nonadversive) consisted of 38 @entity1 (28.4%) with various @entity410 spread patterns (median age at first and last @entity410 , 6 and 7 years 2 months). Two syndromes were identified. The Gastaut type included all 24 @entity1 in the visual group (group 1); @entity410 were brief and frequent and were diurnal in 83%. The Panayiotopoulos type included all 72 @entity1 in group 2; @entity735 occurred in 100% of the @entity1 and @entity391 in 44%; prolonged @entity410 were observed in 35% and were more frequent in @entity1 who had @entity391 than in those who did not (46.8% versus 25%, respectively; p < 0.027). @entity410 were infrequent; 24% of @entity1 had a single @entity410 and 58% had nocturnal @entity410 . Onset was earlier than for the Gastaut type (p < 0.002). The 38 @entity1 with nonoccipital manifestations did not satisfy the criteria for the complete form of either syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The most common type of CEOP, the Panayiotopoulos type, is characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms sufficiently delineated to justify their separate classification from Gastaut-type CEOP, despite the @entity391 in more than 50% of the @entity1 .

title: @entity302 with @entity7965 : clinical variants in 134 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['ictal visual symptoms', 'initial ictal visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['absence of ictal vomiting', 'ictal vomiting']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['tonic eye deviation', 'ictal eye deviation']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['occipital paroxysms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy systems', 'Epilepsy', 'childhood epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a @entity1 with @entity9007 , summarize the salient features of this condition, and review other sports-associated dermatoses of the ear. BACKGROUND: Pseudocyst of the auricle is an intracartilaginous collection of viscous straw-colored fluid typically located in the triangular fossa of the upper half of the auricle. It is usually asymptomatic. It can result in a permanent @entity85 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 63-year-old @entity1 developed a @entity9007 following a traumatic rugby-related injury to his left ear. The lesion has persisted for many years; chronic massage has slightly decreased its size. RESULTS: The etiology of @entity9007 has been described as either traumatic or developmental. Our @entity1 developed his pseudocyst after a rugby-related injury. This condition is usually unilateral. Aspirate of the content is usually sterile. Histology shows an intracartilaginous cyst devoid of an epithelial lining. Treatment involves either partial removal of the cartilage or chemical irritation to enhance adhesiveness. Subsequent compression (via button bolsters) minimizes recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudocyst of the auricle is a benign @entity384 , which is intracartilaginous, devoid of an epithelial lining, and may be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin. A @entity1 with rugby-associated @entity130 to his left ear developed this condition. @entity9007 can be added to the list of sports-associated dermatoses of the ear.

title: Rugby injury-associated XXXX : report and review of sports-associated dermatoses of the ear.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['Auricular pseudocyst', 'pseudocyst of the auricle']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['auricular deformity']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pseudocyst of the auricle']


abstract: BACKGROUND Paris @entity3857 have been studied for their anticancer effects in various cancer types, but the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic effects, especially in @entity470 -TKI-resistant cells, are still unclear. We explored the potential mechanism of the antitumor effects of PSI, II, VI, VII in @entity470 -TKI-resistant cells and attempted to develop PSI, II, VI, VII as a systemic treatment strategy for @entity470 -TKI-resistant @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS Growth inhibition was detected by @entity98 assay. The apoptosis assay was detected using @entity4404 /PI and Hoechst staining. The level of @entity10412 , pAKT, @entity589 , @entity588 , @entity522 , and @entity8187 protein expression were detected using Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that PSI, II, VI, VII inhibited the proliferation of PC-9-ZD cells. Furthermore, PSI, II, VI, VII induced significant cell apoptosis. The levels of @entity10412 , pAKT, @entity588 protein decreased, while the @entity589 , @entity522 , and @entity8187 protein was increased by PSI, II, PSVI, PSVII treatment and resulted in increased sensitivity to @entity4562 in PC-9-ZD cells. CONCLUSIONS The underlying mechanism of Paris @entity3857 may be related to targeting the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathways to cause apoptosis. Our results suggest a therapeutic potential of Paris @entity3857 in clinical settings for @entity4562 -resistant NSCLC.

title: Anticancer Effects of Paris @entity3857 by Apoptosis and @entity10412 / XXXX Pathway in @entity4562 -Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['AKT']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the incidence and risk factors for @entity989 ( @entity989 ) King Faisal Specialist Hospital and King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, preterm @entity1 who were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit from 2012 to 2013 were evaluated for @entity989 . Inclusion criteria were, preterm @entity1 with gestational age <32  weeks and/or birth weight <1500  g. The risk factors that were assessed were @entity548 , @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ), @entity295 and @entity1276 . The relative risk was used to measure the risk and logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. Statistical significance was indicated by p  <  0.05. RESULTS: Thirty-one of 92 (33.7%) preterm @entity1 had unilateral or bilateral @entity989 . The mean gestational age was 26.7  weeks (range, 24-29  weeks) and mean birth weight was 0.843  kg (range, 0.606-1.450  kg). There were 7 @entity1 with stage 1 @entity989 , 10 @entity1 with stage 2, 14 @entity1 with stage 3 and no cases of stage 4 or 5. Twelve (13%) @entity1 had @entity66 and received laser therapy within 72  h of diagnosis. Statistically significant risk factors for @entity989 were @entity2461 (p  =  0.0005) and @entity548 (p  =  0.0005). CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity989 was 33.7% and risk factors were @entity2461 and @entity548 . Laser therapy was very effective for the treatment of @entity66 and preventing progression of @entity989 . Clinicians should assess for potential risk factors when monitoring premature @entity1 .

title: Incidence of XXXX at two tertiary centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['plus disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coffee and tea are widely consumed globally and are rich sources of potential chemopreventive compounds. Epidemiologic data for coffee and tea intakes in relation to @entity14 remain unclear. Despite differences in gut physiology, few studies have conducted investigations by anatomic subsites. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated coffee and tea intakes (caffeinated and decaffeinated) in relation to @entity694 . DESIGN: The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study included 489,706 @entity1 and @entity1 who completed a baseline (1995-1996) self-administered questionnaire of demographics, diet, and lifestyle. Over a median of 10.5 y of follow-up, we identified 2863 proximal colon, 1993 distal colon, and 1874 @entity5 . Multivariable HRs and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox regression. RESULTS: Approximately 16% of @entity1 drank >= 4 cups coffee/d. Compared with nondrinkers, drinkers of 4-5 cups coffee/d (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.96) and >= 6 cups coffee/d (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.89; P-trend < 0.001) had a lower risk of @entity694 , particularly of @entity5 (HR for >= 6 cups/d: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.81; P-trend < 0.0001). Results were similar to those overall for drinkers of predominantly caffeinated coffee. Although individual HRs were not significant, there was a significant P-trend for both @entity694 for @entity1 who drank predominantly decaffeinated coffee. No associations were observed for tea. CONCLUSIONS: In this large US cohort, coffee was inversely associated with @entity694 , particularly @entity5 . Additional investigations of coffee intake and its components in the prevention of @entity14 by subsites are warranted. The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00340015.

title: Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea intakes and risk of XXXX in a large prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancers', 'colon (proximal and distal) and rectal cancers', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['proximal tumors', 'rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity74 are frequently associated with @entity3885 ( @entity3885 ). AIM: To analyze the incidence of @entity74 in Brazilian @entity1 with @entity3885 , using a screening questionnaire and to compare the answers given before and after surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 30 @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity3885 . The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: group I, @entity1 aged 4 to 7; group II, from 8 to 10; and group III, @entity1 over 11. The applied questionnaires were answered by the parents or tutors, and comprised 30 questions, 10 for each @entity71 , @entity2915 and impulsivity. The @entity1 were diagnosed with one of the disorders when presented 3 or more positive answers. The follow up interview occurred 6 months after adenotonsillectomy. RESULTS: There was a predominance of male gender (60.6%) over female gender (39.4%). Group II presented the highest number of significant changes, with reductions raging from 87.5% to 33.3% of @entity1 with @entity71 , 75% to 50% of the @entity2915 @entity1 , and 50% to 33% of the impulsive @entity1 . CONCLUSION: There was neuropsychological improvement after the surgery, which occurred mainly in the @entity1 from group II. More interaction among health professionals is necessary when diagnosing and following up similar cases.

title: @entity2915 and XXXX in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: is there improvement with surgical management?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['disorder: attention deficit', 'attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive ventilatory disorders', 'OVD']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactive', 'hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychological disorders', 'neuropsychological disorders']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention deficit syndrome']


abstract: Food intake of six adult male @entity6599 ( @entity3474 ) was monitored during daily 22-hr experimental sessions. Food was available under a chain schedule with two components. After completion of the first "procurement component" response requirement, access to food, i.e., a meal, became available under the second "consumption component," during which each response produced a 1-g food pellet. After a 10-min interval in which no response occurred, the consumption component was terminated. Complete dose-response functions for @entity4944 and @entity4899 were determined before, during and after a period of repeated administration of each drug. On the first day of repeated administration both drugs decreased intake during both the first 8 hr and the entire session to 65% of baseline. Total intake returned to 93% of baseline during repeated @entity4944 , but only to 76% of baseline during repeated @entity4899 . There was no recovery of intake, however, during the first 8 hr of the session. @entity6599 given repeated @entity4944 were tolerant to the food intake decreasing effects of acute @entity4944 , but not acute @entity4899 . @entity6599 given repeated @entity4899 did not develop tolerance to the effects of @entity4899 or @entity4944 on food intake. The absence of cross-tolerance or increased sensitivity between @entity4944 and @entity4899 suggests that although both serotonergic and dopaminergic systems are involved in feeding, they can influence food intake independently.

title: Differential development of tolerance to the effects of d-amphetamine and XXXX on food intake in @entity6599 .

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity3474 :: ('9555', 'Species') :: ['Papio cynocephalus anubis']

entities_list: @entity6599 :: ('9557', 'Species') :: ['baboons', 'Baboons']

answer: @entity4899 :: (MESH:D005277,Chemical) :: ['fenfluramine']


abstract: Low membrane permeability is one of the major obstacles to the successful cryopreservation of @entity3392 embryos. The aim of the present study was to explore if this could be overcome by yolk modification with different cryoprotectants by micro-injection. Initial investigation of two cryoprotectants, @entity1042 and @entity969 , was undertaken to determine their suitability for micro-injection supplementation of the yolk mass. Intact @entity3392 embryos at 50% epiboly stage were injected with Hanks' solution, 5.2 M @entity1042 or 1.3 M @entity969 yielding approximate final concentrations of 2.0 and 0.5 M of the cryoprotectants within the yolk sac respectively. After micro-manipulation, the embryos were cultured at 28 degree C for three days and their survival assessed at the hatching stage. All micro-manipulations performed in the present study resulted in a significant decrease in embryo survival (P < 0.05). Embryos micro-injected with @entity1042 or @entity969 were also subjected to a cooling procedure. They were placed in 3M @entity1042 + 0.5 M @entity969 at room temperature for 30 min and then cooled from 20 degree C to 0 degree @entity44235 degree/min, from 0 degree C to -7.5 degree/min at 1 degree/min, seeded at -7.5 degree C and held for 10 min, before cooling at 0.3 degree/min to - 20 degree C or until full crystallization in all embryos. The processes of extra- and intracellular crystallization were studied by cryomicroscopy. The temperature of intracellular crystallization did not differ significantly between control and injected embryos. However, it was found that intracellular crystallization did not always happen instantly after extracellular crystallization.

title: XXXX embryos ( @entity3392 ) using microinjection.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It was the aim of this retrospective study to analyse the anatomical success rate and functional outcome of @entity1 with rhegmatogenous @entity1713 treated primarily by pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ). MATERIAL, @entity1 AND METHODS: 157 of 200 eyes (79%, 89 phakic (57%), 67 pseudophakic (43%), 1 aphakic) with @entity1713 were treated by primary pars plana vitrectomy. 132 cases (84%) completed 6 months, 131 (83%) 12 months, and 108 cases (69%) 24 months of follow-up. Selection of surgical methods was guided by recommendations from the SPR study. Different from these recommendations, phakic eyes were treated by primary @entity2286 if the chance of successful scleral buckling was estimated to be < 90%. RESULTS: Initial retinal attachment was achieved in all eyes. In 4 eyes peripheral tractional detachment presented during @entity6619 removal. A second surgical intervention for the treatment of re-detachment became necessary in 8 eyes during follow-up. The rate of permanent single-intervention (except @entity6619 removal) attachment was 92.4%. Finally the retina was completely attached in all eyes. Visual acuity improved from a preoperative level of logMAR 1.01 to 0.48 at month 6, 0.40 at month 12 and 0.33 at month 24. Mean final visual acuity at month 24 was 0.32 in phakic eyes and 0.35 in @entity735 (difference not significant). Significant differences in visual acuity were found in relation to the preoperative status of the fovea. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this case series, together with the previous published outcome of a cohort treated in the identical study period by scleral buckling, indicate that the outcome of @entity1713 surgery in an average cohort of @entity1 can be expected to be much better than suggested by results of the SPR study.

title: Anatomical and functional results of primary pars plana vitrectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'retinal detachment', 'retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic eye']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is paucity of data regarding @entity616 in the Hispanic population with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in a systolic @entity712 population, with attention to the Hispanic population. METHODS: A cross sectional study of 926 @entity1 enrolled in a systolic @entity712 disease management program. ECGS were obtained in @entity1 with an ejection fraction (EF)  <= 40% by echocardiography at enrollment. Univariate and multivariate analysis adjusted by ethnicities was performed. RESULTS: White @entity1 exhibited higher prevalence of @entity955 (14.7%) than black @entity1 (8.0%, P = 0.01) whereas Hispanics presented higher prevalence of paced rhythm (14.3% in Hispanics vs. 6.5% in whites and 5.2% in blacks, P<0.01 for both comparisons), higher prevalence of @entity714 (LBBB, 14.5% in Hispanics vs. 8.8% in whites and 5.8% in blacks, P = 0.002) and increased frequency of @entity1162 (76.7% in Hispanics) than whites (59.6%) and blacks (69%) @entity1 (P< 0.01 for both comparisons). A QRS interval greater than 120 ms was less prevalent among blacks (15.8% vs. 26.0% in whites and 25.3% in Hispanics, P = 0.01 for both comparisons). Univariate and multivariate analysis disclosed no influence of other characteristics (age, sex, @entity453 , @entity101 , ejection fraction, medications) in the ECG findings. CONCLUSIONS: Hispanics with Systolic @entity712 presented with increased prevalence of paced rhythm, LBBB, and @entity1162 . Attention should be addressed to these ECG variations to recommend additional guidance for therapeutic interventions and provide important prognostic information.

title: Prevalence of @entity616 in a XXXX population by race, ethnicity, and gender.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'systolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal QT intervals']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['conduction abnormalities']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['systolic heart failure']


abstract: In this report, we evaluated the cardiac findings of 15 @entity1 with @entity11657 . The age range of the @entity1 was 4-14 years; with a mean of 10 years. All have had systemic involvement of the disease. The most common findings in cardiac evaluation were diminished left ventricular systolic functions and mild mitral and/or @entity997 . One @entity1 had pericardial thickening with no effusion. One had @entity7129 . There were no signs of @entity583 or @entity63 clinically or electro-cardiographically. In conclusion, we did not find @entity299 , such as @entity2396 or @entity583 , to be as frequent as in previous reports. However, even in asymptomatic @entity1 , @entity299 or valvular involvement were common findings in @entity1 with @entity11657 , which were not reported previously. These findings may be due to the histological changes of the myocardium or atrioventricular valves. Although these were not severe and fatal lesions, long-term follow-up of these @entity1 with echocardiography may help to determine the course of cardiac involvement.

title: XXXX in childhood @entity11657 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac involvement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe practice patterns for developmental-behavioral pediatricians (DBPs) practicing within Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Research Network (DBPNet) academic medical centers providing follow-up for @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) and determine how well they adhere to American Academy of Pediatrics @entity71 Clinical Practice Guidelines. METHODS: Seventy-eight DBPs at 12 academic medical centers participating in the DBPNet were asked to complete follow-up encounter surveys for @entity1 with @entity71 or @entity72 seen from 12/2011 through 6/2012. Data regarding @entity1 characteristics, comorbid conditions, and medication management were obtained at the time of each visit. RESULTS: Fifty-seven DBPs completed 301 @entity71 follow-up encounter surveys; 75.3% of @entity1 were male with mean age 9.57 years (SD = 3.3). Race/ethnicity was primarily white/non-Hispanic with similar numbers on private insurance (41.5%) versus Medicaid (45.5%). DBPs identified comorbid @entity4207 in 27.6% of @entity1 >= 6 years. Only 58.3% of @entity1 <6 years received counseling/behavioral therapy or had it recommended during the visit. DBPs primarily (90.6%) prescribed medications FDA-approved for @entity71 treatment and growth was monitored for >98% of visits during which stimulants were prescribed. Parent- and teacher-completed rating scales were reviewed/completed during 43.9% and 37.8% of visits, respectively. There were no @entity1 or physician factors consistently associated with variation in practice patterns. CONCLUSION: Developmental-behavioral pediatricians practicing within DBPNet medical centers adhere to the recommended medication prescribing practices for @entity71 , including use of FDA-approved medications and monitoring growth. However, DBPs within DBPNet do not consistently review @entity71 rating scales or recommend behavioral counseling for @entity1 <6 years of age as recommended.

title: Management of XXXX by Developmental-Behavioral Pediatricians: A DBPNet Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disorders']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our treatment strategy for @entity808 . In @entity808 , possible difficulties include reoperation due to recurrent @entity5 , denervation due to nerve root resection, and postoperative @entity85 due to extensive bony removal. METHODS: We reviewed 75 cases of @entity808 that were treated surgically between 1985 and 2006. @entity51 , effects of surgical margins on @entity5 recurrence, and surgical complications were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: @entity3481 due to resection of specific nerve roots appeared temporarily in 33 and 23 % of all cases, and persisted in 8 and 8 % at final evaluation, respectively. Total, subtotal, and partial resection was performed in 57, 13, and 5 cases, respectively. The total resection rate was low in the @entity5 that had large extraforaminal components. Of the subtotally resected 13 cases, only two cases of high @entity5 rate required re-operation or showed @entity5 growth. Among the five partially resected cases, re-operation was necessary in two cases 13 and 15 years later because of aggravated @entity16 due to @entity5 growth. Two @entity1 who underwent C2 laminectomy developed @entity1513 , and three @entity1 who underwent facet joint resection and curettage of @entity75 developed @entity1635 . CONCLUSION: Total resection should be attempted for cervical @entity5 . In cases where total resection was potentially of high risk, however, subtotal resection (within the capsule) was found to be a practical choice yielding favorable long-term outcome when the @entity5 growth rate ( @entity1758 index) was low.

title: Long-term surgical outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['treating cervical dumbbell neurinoma', 'cervical dumbbell neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'dumbbell tumors', 'tumor-growth', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral body lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['Sensory and motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['cervical dumbbell neurinomas']


abstract: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is the most common inflammatory disease of the cervical spine (CS). After hands and feet, CS is the most commonly involved segment, being present in more than half of the @entity1 with @entity309 . Especially in the CS, @entity309 may cause degeneration of ligaments, leading to laxity, instability and subluxation of the vertebral bodies. This is often asymptomatic or symptoms are erroneously attributed to peripheral manifestations. Otherwise, this may cause @entity1745 leading to severe @entity51 and even @entity944 . Owing to its potentially debilitating and life-threatening sequelae, inevitable progression once @entity51 occur and the poor medical condition of afflicted @entity1 , @entity3799 remains a priority in the diagnosis and its treatment will remain a challenge. The surgical approach aims a solid fixation of the upper cervical spine, giving stability, preventing @entity16 and injury to the SC, leading to improved neurologic function, vascular integrity and maintenance of sagittal balance. The recent advances in surgical techniques, complete understanding of the anatomy and precise preoperative evaluation led to safer and more effective procedures that have decreased complication rates. Based on the fact that when a @entity1 becomes myelopathic the rate of long-term mortality increases and the chance of neurologic recovery decreases, many authors agree that early surgical intervention, before the onset of @entity51 , gives a more satisfactory outcome. However, the timing when a prophylactic stabilization should occur is poorly defined, and so, @entity1 with radiographic instability but without evidence of @entity51 are still the most difficult to manage.

title: XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['compression of spinal cord (SC) and medulla oblongata']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['CS involvement']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['Cervical spine instability']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Acoustic cavitation can be fatal to cells and is used to destroy cancerous @entity5 . The particles in a liquid decrease the ultrasonic intensity threshold needed for onset of cavitation. Bubble generation from intense pulsed light-irradiated gold nanoparticles was investigated as a means of providing nucleation sites for acoustic cavitation in @entity5 tissues. METHODS: This study was conducted on @entity694 in BALB/c @entity19 . The @entity5 -bearing @entity19 were randomly divided into 7 groups (each containing 15 @entity19 ): (1) control, (2) gold nanoparticles, (3) intense pulsed light irradiation, (4) intense pulsed light + gold nanoparticles, (5) ultrasound alone, (6) ultrasound + gold nanoparticles, and (7) intense pulsed light + ultrasound + gold nanoparticles. In the respective groups, gold nanoparticles were injected into @entity5 . Intense pulsed light and ultrasound irradiation were performed on the @entity5 24 hours after injection. Antitumor effects were estimated by evaluation of the relative @entity5 volume, doubling time, and 5-folding time for @entity5 after treatment. The cumulative survival fraction of the @entity19 and percentage of the lost tissue volume (treated) were also assessed in different groups. RESULTS: A significant difference in the average relative @entity5 volumes 15 days after treatment was found between the intense pulsed light + ultrasound + gold nanoparticle group and the other groups (P < .05). The longest doubling and 5-folding times were observed in the intense pulsed light + ultrasound + gold nanoparticles and ultrasound + gold nanoparticle groups. CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic cavitation in the presence of gold nanoparticles and intense pulsed light has been introduced as a new way for improving therapeutic effects on @entity5 by reducing the relative @entity5 volume and increasing the cumulative survival fraction.

title: Therapeutic effects of acoustic cavitation in the presence of gold nanoparticles on a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma tumors']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , the prognostic impact of an @entity20833 in blood pressure is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prognostic implications of the diastolic orthostatic blood pressure response in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . We also evaluated associations between different orthostatic blood pressure responses and markers of subclinical @entity65 . METHODS: Office blood pressures were measured in the sitting and in the standing position in 749 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who participated in the CARDIPP study (Cardiovascular Risk factors in @entity1 with @entity6 -a Prospective study in Primary care). @entity101 was defined as a rise of diastolic blood pressure >= 10 mmHg and @entity20833 was defined as a drop of diastolic blood pressure >= 10 mmHg. Recruitment took place between the years 2005-2008, and @entity1 were followed until any of the primary outcome events ( @entity65 or hospitalization for either @entity583 or @entity64 ) occurred or until December 31st, 2014. Measurements of aortic pulse wave velocity and of carotid intima-media thickness were performed at base-line. RESULTS: @entity101 was found in 140 @entity1 (18.7 %) and was associated with significantly lower risk of cardiovascular events (crude hazard ratio compared with @entity1 with normal systolic and diastolic orthostatic blood pressure response: 0.450, 95 % C.I. 0.206-0.987, P = 0.046). @entity20833 was found in 31 @entity1 (4.1 %) and was associated with higher values for aortic pulse wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness, compared with @entity1 with normal systolic and diastolic orthostatic blood pressure response. CONCLUSIONS: @entity101 is common in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , and may be a novel marker for decreased cardiovascular risk in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX and cardiovascular prognosis in @entity164 2 @entity6 : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic orthostatic hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity20833 :: ('MESH:D007024', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic orthostatic hypotension', 'orthostatic rise', 'Diastolic orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular organ damage', 'cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Diastolic orthostatic hypertension']


abstract: Haemodialysis (HD) and @entity298 ( @entity298 ) remains the cornerstone of management of @entity1 with @entity177 in developing countries as renal transplantation is just developing in most. Although both HD and @entity298 are cost intensive, specific advantages and disadvantages have been identified with either of them. Comparative assessment of their effectiveness, benefits and cost will assist in providing a rational basis for preference of one or the other especially in third world countries where renal replacement therapy remains unaffordable and therefore relatively inaccessible to majority of @entity1 . We therefore conducted this prospective randomised study to compare the effectiveness, benefits, cost and complications of acute or intermittent @entity298 (IPD) and HD using locally manufactured @entity298 fluids. Two groups of twenty @entity1 with @entity177 matched for age and clinical diagnosis were managed with IPD and HD and the effectiveness, costs and complications of both modalities compared. We found that both were comparably effective in the control of uraemia with significant reductions in the serum @entity1133 , @entity1011 and @entity972 from 29.2 +/- 7.2 mmol/L, 1693.7 +/- 580.5micromol/L and 4.8 +/- 1.2 mmol/L to 13.2 +/- 4.6 mmol/L, 796.0 +/- 458.0micromol/ L and 3.3 +/- 0.6 mmol/L respectively for IPD (P<0.05) and 34.4 +/- 9.0mmol/L, 1536.0 +/- 832.5 micromol/L and4.8 +/- 1.3 mmoV L to 14.6 +/- 7.5 mmol/L, 830.0 +/- 570.7 micromol/L and 3.9 +/- 0.8 mmol/L respectively for HD (P<0.05). In addition, there were significant improvements in serum @entity3157 in both groups. There was no significant difference in percentage reduction in serum @entity1133 , @entity1011 and serum @entity972 in both groups (P>0.05). However, HD managed @entity1 required more blood transfusion (P<0.05). There were also comparably significant @entity551 in both groups (P<0.05). The costs of dialysis as well as the total cost of hospitalization were found to be significantly lower in @entity1 managed with IPD (P<0.05). The commonest complication observed in @entity1 managed with IPD was @entity298 while in @entity1 managed with HD it was dialysis-induced @entity551 . The clinical outcome was equally good in all the ARF @entity1 as all of them recovered irrespective of the treatment modality; @entity6192 @entity1 did not fare as well with 37.5% mortality observed. We conclude that IPD and HD are effective renal replacement therapies with the former being significantly cheaper. IPD should be encouraged in our @entity1 with ARF or acute exacerbation of @entity177 .

title: An analysis of the effectiveness and benefits of XXXX and haemodialysis using Nigerian made @entity298 fluids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reductiohs in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity712 who take several prescription medications sometimes have poor adherence to their treatment regimens. Few interventions designed to improve adherence to therapy have been rigorously tested. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a pharmacist intervention improves medication adherence and health outcomes compared with usual care for @entity258 @entity1 with @entity712 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial conducted from February 2001 to June 2004. SETTING: University-affiliated, inner-city, ambulatory care practice. @entity1 : 314 @entity258 @entity1 50 years of age or older with @entity712 confirmed by their primary care physician. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to intervention (39% [n = 122]) or usual care (61% [n = 192]) groups and were followed for 12 months. A pharmacist provided a 9-month multilevel intervention, with a 3-month poststudy phase. An interdisciplinary team of investigators designed the intervention to support medication management by @entity1 who have low health literacy and limited resources. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were adherence, as measured by using electronic prescription monitors, and exacerbations requiring emergency department care or hospital admission. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life, @entity1 satisfaction with pharmacy services, and total direct costs. RESULTS: During the 9-month intervention period, medication adherence was 67.9% and 78.8% in the usual care and intervention groups, respectively (difference, 10.9 percentage points [95% CI, 5.0 to 16.7 percentage points]). However, these salutary effects dissipated in the 3-month postintervention follow-up period, in which adherence was 66.7% and 70.6%, respectively (difference, 3.9 percentage points [CI, -5.9 to 6.5 percentage points]). Medications were taken on schedule 47.2% of the time in the usual care group and 53.1% of the time in the intervention group (difference, 5.9 percentage points [CI, 0.4 to 11.5 percentage points]), but this effect also dissipated at the end of the intervention (48.9% vs. 48.6%, respectively; difference, 0.3 percentage point [CI, -5.9 to 6.5 percentage points]). Emergency department visits and hospital admissions were 19.4% less (incidence rate ratio, 0.82 [CI, 0.73 to 0.93]) and annual direct health care costs were lower ( -2960 [CI,  -7603 to  1338]) in the intervention group. LIMITATIONS: Because electronic monitors were used to ascertain adherence, @entity1 were not permitted to use medication container adherence aids. The intervention involved 1 pharmacist and a single study site that served a large, indigent, inner-city population of @entity1 . Because the intervention had several components, intervention effects could not be attributed to a single component. CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacist intervention for outpatients with @entity712 can improve adherence to cardiovascular medications and decrease health care use and costs, but the benefit probably requires constant intervention because the effect dissipates when the intervention ceases. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00388622.

title: Pharmacist intervention to improve medication adherence in XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Current standard systemic therapies for treating @entity0 @entity1 with brain @entity3 are inefficient. Targeted therapies against @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptors are of clinical interest because of their alteration in a subset of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). We analyzed copy number, mutation status, and protein expression of @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity1 epidermal growth factor 2 ( @entity1722 ), @entity983 ( @entity983 ), and PI3K catalytic subunit ( @entity10160 ) in 110 @entity513 in situ, @entity5 , and metastatic BC samples. Alterations in @entity470 , @entity1722 , and @entity983 , alone or in combination, were found in a significantly larger fraction of @entity0 tissue compared with samples from @entity5 with good prognosis, bone relapse, or other distant @entity3 (all P < 0.05). @entity5 @entity1 with a subsequent brain relapse showed almost equally high frequencies of especially @entity470 and @entity983 alteration as the @entity0 @entity1 . @entity10160 was not associated with an increased risk of brain @entity3 . Genetic alterations in both @entity470 and @entity983 were especially common in triple-negative @entity0 @entity1 and rarely were seen among @entity1722 -positive @entity1 . In conclusion, we identified two independent high-risk primary BC subgroups for developing brain @entity3 , represented by genetic alterations in either @entity1722 or @entity470 / @entity983 -driven pathways. In contrast, none of these pathways was associated with an increased risk of bone @entity3 . These findings highlight the importance of both pathways as possible targets in the treatment of brain @entity3 in @entity0 .

title: Frequent genetic alterations in @entity470 - and @entity1722 -driven pathways in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer brain metastases', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer brain metastases tumor', 'breast cancer', 'BCs']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'Primary tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity983 :: ('5728', 'Gene') :: ['phosphatase and tensin homologue', 'PTEN']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer brain metastases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our previous study showed @entity19316 ( @entity8312 ) has protective effects against SCI. In this study, we aimed to uncover the mechanism underlying the protective effects of @entity8312 in SCI. SCI was induced in @entity35 with a modified weight-drop device. One group was subjected to SCI in combination with @entity8312 administration at a dose of 200mg/kgd, for 3 days. Concurrently, another group received SCI in combination with an equal volume of 0.9% saline. Locomotor functional recovery was assessed during the 4 weeks post-injury by performing the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) rating procedure. Lesion size and spared tissue were measured by @entity10371 staining. @entity34323 ( @entity34323 ) expression was determined by real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. @entity23975 , @entity36606 , and @entity21202 are direct targets of @entity34323 in many diseases and cell types; their levels were analyzed by western blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expression of @entity36606 and @entity21202 . Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining and DNA laddering. @entity8312 treatment after contusion SCI significantly improved functional recovery, decreased lesion size, and increased tissue sparing and @entity34323 levels; expression of @entity23975 , @entity36606 , and @entity21202 was decreased. @entity8312 treatment also reduced apoptosis after SCI. Thus, @entity8312 administration improved functional recovery and reduced cell apoptosis. Its protective effect may partly based on increasing the expression of @entity34323 and decreasing the expression of @entity23975 , @entity36606 , and @entity21202 . These could serve as new exploratory targets for SCI treatment.

title: @entity19316 enhances functional recovery after contusion spinal cord injury by modulation of @entity34323 , @entity23975 , @entity36606 and XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetramethylpyrazine']

entities_list: @entity10371 :: ('MESH:C028911', 'Chemical') :: ['cresyl violet']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity21202 :: (50557(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PTEN']


abstract: The identification of a @entity9 in a @entity5 @entity1 requires a focused clinical evaluation based on knowledge of common @entity9 syndromes. If a @entity5 is directly involved in the etiology of the @entity158 , oncologic treatment is an initial consideration and may include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. There is no single accepted algorithm for the analgesic treatment of @entity9 and a systematic approach utilizing therapeutic trials of specific agents at gradually increasing doses is warranted. A trial of opioids, perhaps in combination with an NSAID, is warranted. If the @entity158 is relatively unresponsive to an opioid, a trial with an adjuvant analgesic is reasonable. For example, a tricyclic antidepressant might be selected early for @entity1 with @entity809 , and early treatment with an anticonvulsant might be used if the @entity158 is predominantly lancinating or paroxysmal. Other adjuvant analgesics can be selected if there is insufficient response to these agents. A trial of sympathetic blockade, pharmacologic, anesthetic or surgical, should be considered in @entity1 with evidence of @entity6866 or @entity6865 . Physiatric modalities such as massage, heat, or cold; counterstimulation or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and orthopedic interventions, such as braces and splints may be useful. Epidural injections or neurostimulation of the spinal cord or brain can be considered in selected cases where appropriate expertise is available. Treatment of @entity9 remains a challenge for both clinicians and @entity1 . The complexity of syndromes and underlying etiologic mechanisms warrants further clinical trials to determine the best treatment modalities for individual @entity158 syndromes.

title: @entity9 in XXXX @entity1 : mechanisms, syndromes, and clinical controversies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['continuous dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity6866 :: ('MESH:D002422', 'Disease') :: ['causalgia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic pain syndrome']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Proto-oncogenes have been revealed to participate in normal cell proliferation as well as in cell transformation. Since cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated, they cannot divide except in the fetal period. To determine the role of cellular oncogenes in the growth of the heart, the expression pattern of eight cellular oncogenes during the developmental stage and pressure-overloaded @entity1184 of the @entity35 hearts were examined in vivo. Northern blot analysis was performed with eight oncogene probes (myc, @entity5019 , Ha-ras, @entity16497 , erbA, erbB, sis, myb). Pressure overload increased the levels of @entity5019 , @entity4569 , and c-Ha-ras. An increase of @entity5019 and @entity4569 was detected at 30 minutes and 2 hours, respectively; the levels peaked at 8 hours, and they returned to baseline by 48 hours after aortic constriction. However, the level of c-Ha-ras showed a gradual increase. During the course of development, the expression of @entity4569 was detectable only in the embryonic stage, whereas the expression of @entity5019 was not detected in the fetal period, was increased after birth, and peaked in 200-day-old adults. The expression of c-Ha-ras was almost the same throughout the development. Cellular oncogenes were expressed in the heart in response to pressure overload and in a stage-specific manner. These results suggest that cellular oncogenes may participate in the normal developmental process and @entity1184 of hearts and that the cellular @entity1184 induced by pressure overload may share a similar mechanistic pathway with cell proliferation.

title: Expression of cellular oncogenes in the myocardium during the developmental stage and pressure-overloaded @entity1184 of the XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A major barrier to understanding facetogenic low back @entity158 has been the lack of radiographic diagnostic criteria. This study investigates the correlation between radiographic findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) scans in @entity1 clinically found to have @entity615 . METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with severe @entity615 underwent lumbar MRI and SPECT scans. Two hundred thirty facets were identified and were graded from 1 to 4 using synovial area, size, cartilaginous discontiguity, @entity5040 , and joint space obliteration. Twenty-nine "hot" joints were identified on SPECT scans. MRI features of 230 lumbar facets were correlated with SPECT results. RESULTS: Four basic morphological patterns were identified on the basis of synovial appearance on MRI scans, light, mottled, narrowed, and obliterated, and formed the basis for the grading 1 to 4, respectively (sensitivity for "hot facet", 0.93). The mottled group had 0.90 specificity (P = 0.0001). Osteophytic overgrowth demonstrated 0.94 specificity (P = 0.0004). Facet @entity1184 was not associated with increased tracer uptake. CONCLUSION: We identify four types of synovial architecture on T2-weighted MRI scans with overall high sensitivity for predicting SPECT positivity. These four grades likely represent a continuum of facet degeneration, from a normal to obliterated joint. One particular subtype, Grade 2, demonstrated a high specificity for SPECT and synovial fluid increase suggestive of @entity32 . Facet @entity1184 was not predictive of bone scan positivity, perhaps suggesting the protective nature of a hypertrophied facet. @entity854 correlate with SPECT findings and a grading scale is proposed delineating the degeneration of a lumbar facet over time. A subtype of SPECT(+) inflamed joint is proposed. Further studies will be needed to improve our understanding of the natural history of the lumbar facet.

title: Magnetic resonance image-based morphological predictors of single photon emission computed tomography-positive facet arthropathy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytic overgrowth']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['axial back pain', 'facetogenic axial back pain']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial abnormalities']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['axial back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article describes the differential diagnosis of @entity3169 and reviews the treatment options with a focus on the new topical @entity4020 beta therapy. CASE: A 45-year-old white @entity1 presented with a red right eye of approximately 6 months' duration. The lesion was suspicious and suggestive of @entity5 ; therefore, the @entity1 was referred for consultation. The lesion was diagnosed as a @entity3169 . The @entity1 was placed on topical @entity4020 eye drops, and within 2 weeks he experienced complete lesion regression. CONCLUSION: Interferons, in particular interferon alpha-2b (IFN-alpha2beta), have recently been shown to be successful in treating @entity3169 and @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ). Previously, treatment was limited to observation for asymptomatic @entity1 . Larger lesions in symptomatic @entity1 were treated by surgical excision and cryotherapy. Additional treatment modalities included topical antimetabolite treatment with @entity1138 and @entity1487 . These treatments, although effective, had significant attendant postsurgical complications and toxic ocular adverse reactions. Interferons represent a new successful treatment modality.

title: Topical XXXX therapy in the management of @entity3169 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha 2', 'interferon alpha 2 beta']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival papilloma', 'conjunctival papillomas']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity4020 :: (3440,Gene) :: ['interferon alpha 2 beta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the GOLD international guidelines, the treatment of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) should be proportional to the severity of airflow obstruction graded according to FEV(1)% predicted. Regular treatment with long-acting bronchodilators should be prescribed for symptomatic @entity1 with FEV(1)  <  80%. Inhaled corticosteroids should be added in @entity1 with FEV(1)  <  50% predicted and frequent exacerbations. AIM: To investigate whether pulmonologists follow the GOLD guidelines when prescribing treatment for @entity1030 . METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out in 49 Pulmonary Units evenly distributed throughout the country. For each @entity1 the demographic, clinical data and the current therapies were registered in an electronic database. RESULTS: 4094 @entity1 (mean age: 70.9      9.4; males 72.4%, female 27.6%) were enrolled. Disease severity was classified as: mild (745), moderate (1722), severe (923), very severe (704). Irrespective of disease severity, inhaled corticosteroids alone or in combination with long-acting bronchodilators were used in 15.2% and 66.8% of @entity1 , respectively. The appropriateness of the pharmacological treatment of the @entity1030 @entity1 was defined in accordance with the GOLD recommendations. The treatment was appropriate in 37.9% of @entity1 and inappropriate in 62.1%, p  <  0.0001. The inappropriateness was due to under-prescription in 7.2% and to over-prescription in 54.9% of @entity1 . The presence and the number of exacerbations represented an important trigger for over-prescription at stages I and II. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that there is a poor relationship between the recommendations of the GOLD international guidelines and current clinical practice, and that exacerbations may play a role in over-prescription.

title: How far is real life from XXXX therapy guidelines? An Italian observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the relation between leak point pressure (LPP) at first urodynamic evaluation and the status of the upper urinary tract (UUT) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ). METHODS: The study comprised 45 @entity2590 @entity1 , one week to 13 years of age; 19 (42%) were less than one year old. LPP was measured when liquid started to come out through the urethral meatus, around the 5-6 Fr catheter. UUT was evaluated by ultrasound and @entity8 by voiding cystography. RESULTS: 19 @entity1 had LPP < 30 cm @entity2507 ; all cases had a normal UUT, although 5 (26%) had @entity8 . Twenty-six cases (58%) had LPP > 30 cm @entity2507 ; 12 (46%) had abnormal UUT and 6 of these had @entity8 ; 7 cases had @entity8 but normal UUT. The group with LPP > or = 30 cm @entity2507 was analyzed according to LPP values. The UUT was abnormal in 31% of cases with LPP 30-60 cm @entity2507 and 37% had @entity8 ; UUT was abnormal in 70% of cases with LPP > 60 cm @entity2507 and 70% had @entity8 . Of the 19 @entity1 less than one year old 9 (47%) had LPP < 30 cm @entity2507 , no @entity1 had abnormal UUT and only two (22%) had @entity8 ; 10 cases had LPP > or = 30 cm @entity2507 , 6 of these had abnormal UUT and 5 had @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study UUT was normal when LPP was < 30 cm @entity2507 . @entity8 and @entity8 increased with LPP. Urethral functional obstruction carries a worse prognosis of pediatric @entity1494 . In these cases clean intermittent catheterization is recommended, regardless of @entity1 age and sex.

title: [Fluid loss pressure in 45 @entity1 with congenital XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RR', 'renal reflux', 'Renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bladder']


abstract: @entity2263 microglobulin ( @entity2262 ) has been identified as a major component of @entity527 . This study was designed to determine whether changes occur in the synthesis of @entity2262 in dialysis @entity1 . Mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated in peripheral blood from healthy volunteers, @entity1 on hemodialysis (HD) and on @entity298 ( @entity298 ). MNC were cultured in a medium of RPMI 1640 with or without interleukins @entity1356 , @entity1199 or interferon INF-r. @entity2262 in the cultured cells and supernatant was measured by enzyme immunoassay. @entity1199 or INF-r stimulated @entity2262 synthesis was significantly lower (25%) in @entity1 on HD than in normal controls regardless of the type of dialysis membranes used, with no change in basal @entity2262 synthesis. No differences were detected between healthy volunteers and @entity298 @entity1 . Preincubation of MNC with complement--activating or non-complement--activating membrane had no influence on @entity2262 synthesis. The basal @entity2262 synthesis of MNC significantly increased after a 4-hour HD regardless of the membranes used, and @entity1199 and @entity41430 stimulated synthesis were both essentially the same before and after HD. It was thus concluded that maximum capacity for @entity2262 synthesis of MNC decreases in hemodialysis @entity1 . This low responsiveness of MNC may be partially the cause for the reduction in cell-mediated immune response in HD @entity1 .

title: XXXX -microglobulin synthesis of mononuclear cells in chronic dialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis', 'CAPD']

answer: @entity2263 :: (10242,Gene) :: ['Beta 2']


abstract: @entity1641 with @entity66 have an increased load on the navicular bone in early stance. This has been suggested to be a response to @entity158 in the heel region. Seven @entity1641 with clinical, radiographic and scintigraphic signs of @entity66 underwent forceplate and kinematic analysis before and after desensitisation of the heel region with a bilateral @entity616 . The compressive force exerted on the navicular bone during stance, and stride kinematics, were determined in each state. After regional analgesia of the palmar digital nerves (PDNB) the compressive force on the navicular bone was lower throughout stance. The mean +/- s.d. peak force at the beginning of stance was 7.05+/-1.10 N/kg before, and 6.46+/-1.15 N/kg after PDNB (P = 0.01) and at the end of stance the mean peak values were 5.00+/-2.05 N/kg before, and 4.39+/-1.65 N/kg after PDNB (P = 0.05). We explained this finding as indicating that the @entity1641 responds to heel @entity158 (including @entity158 in the navicular region) by contracting the deep digital flexor muscle to unload the heels. This increases the compressive load on the navicular bone, which may cause remodelling and, in some @entity1641 , damage to the overlying flexor cartilage, which is then @entity158 and identified as @entity66 . This mechanism identifies @entity66 as a possible end point for a variety of heel related conditions.

title: The effect of bilateral palmar digital nerve analgesia on the compressive force experienced by the navicular bone in @entity1641 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horse', 'horses']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['navicular disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['palmar digital nerve block']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['navicular disease']


abstract: A study of the molecules @entity3684 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptor in the induction of the prospective neural crest in @entity1238 embryos has been carried out, using the expression of the gene @entity43665 as a marker for the neural crest. We show that when a truncated FGF receptor (XFD) was expressed ectopically in order to block FGF signaling @entity43665 expression was inhibited. The effect of XFD on @entity43665 was specific and could be reversed by the coinjection of the wild-type FGF receptor (FGFR). Inhibition of @entity43665 expression by XFD is not a consequence of neural plate inhibition, as was shown by analyzing @entity43666 expression. When ectoderm expressing XFD was transplanted into the prospective neural fold region of embryos @entity43665 induction was inhibited. The neural crest can also be induced by an interaction between neural plate and epidermis. As this induction is suppressed by the presence of XFD in the neural plate and not in the epidermis, it suggests that the neural crest is induced by FGF from the epidermis. However, treatment of neural plate with FGF was not able to induce @entity43665 expression, showing that in addition to FGF other non-FGF factors are also required. Previously we have suggested that the ectopic ventral expression of @entity43665 produced by overexpression of @entity3684 mRNA resulted from an interaction of @entity3684 with a ventral signal. Overexpression of XFD inhibits this effect, suggesting that FGF could be one component involved in this ventral signaling. Overexpression of FGFR produced a remarkable increase in the expression of @entity43665 in the posterior neural folds and around the blastopore. Injections in different blastomeres of the embryo suggest that the target cells of this effect are the ventral cells. Finally, we proposed a model in which the induction of the neural crests at the border of the neural plate requires functional FGF signaling, which possibly interacts with a neural inducer such as @entity3684 .

title: Role of FGF and XXXX in neural crest induction.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

answer: @entity3684 :: (373646(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['noggin']


abstract: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) consists of the @entity1116 antibody linked to @entity10316 . The binding of GO to the @entity1116 antigen on @entity1778 cells results in internalization followed by the release of @entity10316 , thereby inducing DNA strand breaks. We hypothesized that the induction of DNA strand breaks would be a surrogate marker of GO cytotoxcity. Here, two GO-resistant variants ( @entity1733 /GO-CSA [225-fold], @entity1733 /GO [200-fold]) were established by serially incubating @entity1 @entity1778 @entity1733 -60 cells with GO with or without a @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) inhibitor, @entity205 , respectively. The @entity1116 positivity was reduced in both variants. The @entity1733 /GO-CSA cells showed an increased @entity11092 ( @entity11092 ) transcript, and an @entity11092 inhibitor partially reversed GO resistance. The @entity1733 /GO cells had neither @entity1262 nor @entity11092 overexpression. Microarray analysis and Western blotting indicated elevated levels of DNA repair-associated proteins in both variants. Two other @entity1778 subclones, showing either @entity1262 or @entity11092 overexpression, were also GO-resistant. Using single cell gel electrophoresis analysis, it was determined that GO-induced DNA strand breaks increased dose-dependently in @entity1733 -60 cells, whereas the number of breaks was reduced in the GO-resistant cell lines. The induction of DNA strand breaks was correlated with GO sensitivity among these cell lines. The @entity1116 positivity and the expression levels of transporters were not proportional to drug sensitivity. Using primary @entity1778 cells, the induction of DNA strand breaks appeared to be associated with GO sensitivity. Thus, GO-induced DNA strand breaks as the final output of the mechanism of action would be critical to predict @entity137 .

title: Induction of DNA strand breaks is critical to predict the XXXX of gemtuzumab ozogamicin against @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['GO cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10316 :: ('CHEBI:64068', 'Chemical') :: ['calicheamicin']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['MRP1', 'multidrug resistance protein-1']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: This study was prospectively conducted to evaluate the clinical potential of the advanced breast biopsy instrumentation (ABBI) system as an alternative to needle localization and open surgery in the management of nonpalpable @entity1558 (NPBL). One hundred and eighty-six consecutive @entity1 were referred for management of NPBL. Thirty-six underwent an ABBI procedure, offered as a first step before possible surgery for lesions which would in any case have required complete excision. The 18 @entity1 with a malignant ABBI biopsy underwent re-excision of the biopsy site and axillary dissection was carried out in cases of infiltrating @entity189 . The other 150 @entity1 underwent image-guided needle biopsy. Following these procedures, 60/150 (40%) @entity1 underwent needle-guided surgery. Finally, 96/186 (51%) @entity1 required complete excision. A total of 43 benign lesions and 53 @entity189 were confirmed. Thirty-six out of 96 (38%) excisions were obtained with the ABBI system; 17/43 (40%) benign lesions and 11/53 (21%) @entity189 were completely removed with the ABBI system. Out of 9 malignant specimens with a pathological size less than 10 mm, 5/9 (55%) had @entity5 -free margins and in 8/9 (89%) no @entity66 was found at re-excision. The preliminary results of this study suggest that, in selected cases, en bloc excision using the ABBI procedure could be an alternative to conventional surgery.

title: En bloc excision of nonpalpable XXXX using the advanced breast biopsy instrumentation system: an alternative to needle guided surgery?

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity16 in the early stage after hospital admission immediately after the onset of @entity385 is important in establishing a treatment plan. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of progressive @entity64 on admission. The subjects were 309 @entity1 admitted on the day of the onset of symptoms and showed a low density area on CT images within 5 days. There were 202 with @entity385 in the territory of the deep perforate arteries, 77 with @entity385 in the territory of the cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and the remaining 36 had @entity385 in the territory of MCA. The results were as follows: 1) Progressive @entity64 was observed in 71 @entity1 (23.0%): 60 with @entity64 and 11 with @entity51 ( @entity51 ). 2) The @entity1 with progressive @entity64 were clearly older than those with non progressive @entity64 (p < 0.05: Cochran Cox's test). 3) Progressive @entity64 was seen more frequently in @entity1 with @entity2500 and @entity1 with @entity432 and MCA trunk than @entity1 with @entity385 of the deep perforate arteries (p < 0.001: chi 2 test). 4) All @entity1 with progressive @entity64 had initial evidence of @entity16 within 5 days after the onset, with 39 @entity1 showing deterioration on day 2 and 13 @entity1 showing deterioration on day 3. 5) Deterioration of @entity51 usually stopped the day after the start of progression. The maximum period from the beginning to the end of the @entity16 was 7 days. 6) Progressive @entity64 was not seen in 11 @entity1 who were admitted with higher @entity409 and without @entity1109 , and was seen in only 8 (4%) of the 187 @entity1 with @entity1109 without higher @entity409 . 7) Progressive @entity64 was seen in 63 (57%) @entity1 with @entity1109 and higher @entity409 . 8) Progressive @entity64 was seen frequently in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) on the ECG [P < 0.001). 9) Fifty-six of 71 @entity1 with progressive @entity64 showed persistent severe @entity73 in the upper limbs. Therefore, to diagnose progressive @entity64 , it is useful to assess the higher @entity409 and examine for @entity955 on admission.

title: [Progressive @entity64 during the acute state of XXXX in the territory of the internal carotid artery].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['completed stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction of the cortical branch of the MCA']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sensory or motor disturbances']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'reversible ischemic neurological deficits', 'RIND']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Af']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) is the most common cause of @entity1897 in the Western world. A comorbidity, @entity101 , has been speculated to contribute to initiation or worsening of @entity1897 . We studied adult @entity35 models using genetic strains with @entity3918 (Zucker Diabetic Fat @entity35 )  @entity101 (HTN (ZSF-1 @entity35 )) to investigate the relative contributions of @entity3918 and HTN and the potential for additive effects of HTN upon existing @entity3918 for the development of @entity1897 . Long duration sensorimotor behavioral and electrophysiological testing was complemented by histological and molecular methods. Only @entity3918 led to tactile and thermal @entity1931 and affected motor nerve electrophysiology. Although @entity3918 led to marked @entity393 and to sensory conduction slowing, a mild additive effect from HTN contributed after 6months of @entity3918 with worsening of slowing of sensory nerve conduction velocities, but without effect upon sensory amplitudes. At the sensory dominant sural nerve, mild (<10%) but greater degrees of myelin thinning were noted with @entity3918 and HTN combined, suggesting a mild additive effect. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression was increased only at the sural nerve in the presence of HTN with co-localization to Schwann cells and myelin. The effects of @entity3918 and HTN upon peripheral nerve are dissimilar, with HTN contributing to MMP upregulation at the sites of myelin thinning at sensory nerve fibers, potentially worsening comorbid @entity3918 . Together, our results indicate that HTN has a mild additive contribution to @entity1897 at sensory peripheral nerve fibers manifesting with the loss of myelin thickness.

title: The adjuvant effect of @entity101 upon @entity1897 in experimental @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy', 'diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of sensory amplitudes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the development of new antiepileptic drugs, @entity3148 frequently remains therapy resistant and is a @entity302 . @entity4899 is an @entity4944 -like drug that has been used in the past as a part of antiobesity treatments. Because of the possible cardiac adverse effects (valve thickening, @entity120 ) associated with use of @entity4899 , it was withdrawn from the market in 2001. In Belgium, a Royal Decree permitted examination of the potential anticonvulsive effects of @entity4899 in a clinical trial consisting of a small group of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3148 . METHODS: Herein, we report 12 @entity1 , 7 female and 5 male, with a genetically proven (11 of 12) diagnosis of @entity3148 who received @entity4899 as add-on therapy. KEY FINDINGS: Their ages at their last evaluation ranged from 3-35 years. The mean dosage of @entity4899 was 0.34 (0.12-0.90) mg/kg/day. Exposure duration to @entity4899 ranged from 1-19 years. Seven of the @entity1 who were still receiving the @entity4899 treatment at the time of the last visit had been @entity410 -free for at least 1 year. In total, @entity1 had been @entity410 -free for a mean of 6 (1-19) years. In seven @entity1 , the @entity4899 treatment was interrupted once during the follow-up; @entity410 reappeared in three of the @entity410 -free @entity1 . Subsequent reintroduction of @entity4899 controlled the @entity410 in these three @entity1 again. Only two @entity1 exhibited a mild thickening of one or two cardiac valves without clinical significance. SIGNIFICANCE: Compared with a recent long-term follow-up series in which a maximum of 16% of @entity1 with @entity3148 were @entity410 -free, our result of 70% of @entity1 with @entity3148 remaining @entity410 -free is noteworthy. Given the limitations of this observational study, a larger prospective study should be undertaken to confirm these promising results.

title: Successful use of XXXX as an add-on treatment for @entity3148 .

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine', 'Fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic epilepsy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['Dravet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity4899 :: (MESH:D005277,Chemical) :: ['fenfluramine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The temperature at @entity1167 during open distal anastomosis is the most significant issue for aortic arch repair. In many institutions, there has been trend toward raising the temperature during @entity1167 . METHODS: Between 2004 and 2011, 164 consecutive @entity1 underwent aortic arch repair with antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (ASCP) and moderate @entity2332 . The @entity1 were divided into two subsets (n = 84 each): group A ( @entity1167 at less than 27.9  C) and group B (at more than 28  C). RESULTS: In group A compared with group B, mean temperature at @entity1167 was 26      1.0  C vs 29      1.0  C, mean ASCP time was 72    23 minutes vs 67    17 minutes, and mean @entity1167 time was 47    21 minutes vs 44    13 minutes. The 30-day mortality was 6.1% in both groups. Permanent @entity51 occurred in 8 @entity1 (9.8%) in group A and in 5 (6.1%) in group B (p = 0.39). The incidence of @entity177 requiring hemodialysis was 14.6% in group A and 3.6% in group B (p = 0.02). @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation exceeding 3 days occurred in 12.2% of @entity1 in group A and in 7.3% in group B (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The temperature during ASCP can be safely increased to more than 28  C without increasing the rate of mortality and morbidity. ASCP with moderate @entity2332 offered sufficient cerebral and distal organ protection.

title: Aortic arch repair with antegrade selective cerebral perfusion using mild to moderate XXXX of more than 28  C.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity19473 , a selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist, in preventing @entity390 and @entity391 in high-risk inpatients undergoing various surgical procedures. DESIGN: Prospective, open, nonrandomized, observational, interventional study. SETTING: Postanesthesia care unit, and surgical wards of the University Hospital Center, Charleroi. @entity1 : A total of 1,132 elective surgical inpatients (>15 years of age) in two separate surveys. The first prospective survey covered all surgical adult inpatients (n = 671) after various surgical procedures over a 3-month period. A new 3-month survey was performed to assess the effectiveness of the preventive measure and included another 461 @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Risk factors associated with @entity390 and @entity391 were recorded in the first survey and used to establish an antiemetic policy. This consisted in the administration of @entity19473 2 mg intravenously after anesthesia induction, if two @entity1 -related risk factors associated with high-risk surgery and general anesthesia were present. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity390 frequency and intensity, assessed every 4 hours using a visual analog scale (VAS), frequency and times of @entity391 episodes and the need for rescue medication were recorded for 72 hours postoperatively. @entity390 was experienced by 18.8% and @entity391 by 9.8% of the @entity1 in the first survey (211 high risk- @entity1 of 671). In the second survey, 137 @entity1 of 461, considered at high-risk received prophylactic @entity19473 . The proportion of @entity1 having @entity390 decreased to 11.1% (p,178 0.01) and @entity391 episodes to 2.8% (p < 0.001). Twenty-six of the @entity19473 -treated @entity1 (19%) suffered subsequent @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ). @entity1 satisfaction with @entity19473 was high. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic @entity19473 can reduce the incidence of @entity1209 in selected high-risk inpatients undergoing various types of surgical procedures.

title: XXXX in the prevention of @entity1209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity19473 :: ('MESH:C045504', 'Chemical') :: ['tropisetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity19473 :: (MESH:C045504,Chemical) :: ['Tropisetron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify epidemiological trends and measure outcomes in elderly @entity1 hospitalized for @entity299 or @entity943 . DESIGN: Review of the standard 5% samples of the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review Files to characterize 144,512 discharges from 1991 through 1998 in which the principal diagnosis was a @entity9054 or @entity943 , using the corresponding Enrollment Databases for denominator data. SETTING: Short-stay hospitals in the United States. @entity1 : Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and older in the standard 5% sample. MEASUREMENTS: Diagnosis-specific trends and rates; discharges by year; cumulative age-, race-, and sex-specific discharge rates; mean length of stay in hospital and in intensive care; mean Medicare reimbursement to the hospital; case-fatality rate in hospital; discharge destinations of @entity1 discharged alive. RESULTS: Annual hospitalizations for @entity1817 , @entity956 , @entity955 , or @entity2224 increased more rapidly than did the elderly Medicare beneficiary population. Hospitalizations with a principal diagnosis of @entity1540 or @entity1167 showed steep secular declines. Discharge rates for @entity1817 , a group of rhythms with a nonsinus pacemaker, @entity955 , Mobitz I, or complete @entity713 all increased steeply and continuously with @entity1 age. In contrast, discharge rates for @entity956 or @entity2224 peaked among 75- to 84-year-old @entity1 . White @entity1 were at uniquely high risk of hospitalization for @entity956 or @entity2224 , and, among the white majority, @entity1 had higher discharge rates than @entity1 for nine of the 11 commonest rubrics. Whites, particularly white @entity1 , had the highest discharge rates for @entity955 . Blacks, especially black @entity1 , were at disproportionate risk for hospitalization for the group of nonsinus pacemaker rhythms. Diagnosis-specific mean resource costs were strongly correlated with each other and with mean Medicare reimbursement but not with case-fatality rate. CONCLUSION: Medicare claims data demonstrated striking differences among and within diagnoses of @entity616 or @entity943 in terms of the populations at greatest risk for hospitalization. This variation should be explored further to generate and test hypotheses about differential causation or delivery of care.

title: Trends and outcomes in the hospitalization of older Americans for @entity299 or XXXX , 1991-1998.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinoatrial node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduction disorder']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac conduction disorders']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart blocks']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: 1. Secretion of @entity5828 and pepsin from abomasal fundic pouches was studied in @entity742 during perfusion of antral pouches with cholinergic @entity616 and stimulating agents and @entity3303 . 2. Resting secretion was reduced to about 50% of control levels and secretory responses to feeding were largely or completely blocked during antral pouch perfusions with @entity3897 (0-01-0-16%) and @entity4033 (1%). 3. Antral pouch perfusions with @entity3303 (2%) reduced fundic pouch resting secretion to about 60% of control values but did not block secretory responses to feeding. 4. Perfusions of @entity934 (0-1%) and @entity5402 (0-0037 and 0-005%) through antral pouches characteristically stimulated increases in the concentration of acid, outputs of acid and pepsin, but not concentration of pepsin. 5. The mechanisms involved in the release of @entity38438 in the @entity742 are discussed. 6. It is concluded that antral secretion of @entity38438 contributes both to the maintenance of resting secretion of acid and the secretory responses of fundic pouches of @entity742 when they eat freshly provided food.

title: Acid and pepsin secretion of separated gastric pouches during perfusion of antral pouches with cholinergic stimulating and @entity616 agents and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['blocking']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lignocaine']


abstract: Markers of collagen metabolism may possibly be used in the assessment of @entity358 in @entity1355 -related @entity358 . In this study the levels of the carboxyterminal propeptide of @entity4173 (PICP) and the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and serum from @entity1 with @entity1355 related @entity358 . Forty-two consecutive @entity1 with occupational exposure to @entity2537 , who underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at the time of the diagnosis were investigated. Five @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity1355 , while 37 showed no parenchymal involvement. Of the latter group, 25 had @entity456 , while 12 had no detectable changes in chest radiographs. The @entity1 were followed-up for an average of 7 yrs. The PICP in BALF and ELF was detectable in all @entity1 with @entity1355 and in 8/37 subjects without parenchymal involvement. The levels of PICP in BALF and ELF were significantly higher in the @entity1355 group compared to the @entity1 without @entity1355 (9.8+/-1.8 microg x L(-1) versus 0.6+/-1.3 microg x L(-1), p<0.001 and 488.9+/-208.8 microg x L(-1) versus 22.6+/-50.6 microg x L(-1), p<0.001, respectively). Only 1 @entity1 with @entity1355 and 3 @entity1 without parenchymal involvement had detectable levels of PIIINP in BALF. The serum levels of PICP and PIIINP did not differ between the @entity1 with @entity1355 and those with exposure to @entity2537 without @entity1355 and were within the normal range. None of the 37 @entity1 exposed to @entity2537 without parenchymal involvement at the baseline developed @entity1355 during the follow-up period of 7 yrs. In conclusion, the data show that the carboxyterminal propeptide of procollagen type I, but not the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen is highly elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and epithelial lining fluid in @entity1 with @entity1355 , but not in those without parenchymal involvement. This suggests that the determination of carboxyterminal propeptide of procollagen type I in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid could be used as a marker of parenchymal involvement in @entity1 exposed to @entity2537 .

title: Carboxyterminal propeptide of XXXX in ELF: elevation in @entity1355 , but not in @entity456 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4173 :: ('1278', 'Gene') :: ['type I procollagen']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos fibres']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and pleural involvement', 'pulmonary involvement', 'pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos', 'asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural plaques']

answer: @entity4173 :: (1278,Gene) :: ['type I procollagen']