abstract: The Ste20-like kinase @entity59684 plays a pivotal role in cell migration and focal adhesion turnover and is regulated by the LIM domain-binding proteins @entity59685 and @entity59686 . These adapter proteins have been demonstrated to interact with @entity59687 in the organization of transcriptional complexes. Therefore, we have assessed the ability of @entity59687 to also interact and regulate @entity59684 activity. Our data show that @entity59687 can directly bind to @entity59684 and activate its kinase activity in vitro and in vivo. @entity59687 can be co-precipitated with @entity59684 following the induction of cell migration by scratch wounding and Cre-mediated deletion of @entity59687 in conditional @entity59687 (fl/fl) fibroblasts inhibits cell migration and @entity59684 activation. Deletion of @entity59687 impairs @entity59685 and @entity59684 recruitment to the leading edge of migrating cells. Supporting this, @entity19 /Yes/ @entity24698 -deficient cells (SYF) expressing very low levels of @entity59687 do not recruit @entity59684 to the leading edge. Re-expression of wildtype Myc- @entity59687 in SYF cells, but not a mutant version, restores @entity59684 localization and kinase activity. Overall, our data suggest that activation of @entity59684 by haptotactic signals requires its recruitment to the leading edge by @entity59687 in a Src-dependent manner. Furthermore, this establishes a novel cytosolic role for the transcriptional co-activator @entity59687 .

title: Recruitment and activation of XXXX at the leading edge of migrating cells requires Src family kinase activity and the LIM-only protein 4.

answer: @entity59684 :: (20874(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['SLK']


abstract: MRI is widely used in the assessment of acute @entity385 . In particular, it identifies the mismatch between hypoperfused and the permanently damaged tissue, the PWI-DWI mismatch volume. It is used to help triage @entity1 into active or supportive treatment pathways. COMBAT @entity64 is an automated software tool for estimating the mismatch volume and ratio based on MRI. Herein, we validate the decision made by the software with actual clinical decision rendered. Furthermore, we evaluate the association between treatment decisions (both automated and actual) and outcomes. COMBAT @entity64 was used to determine PWI-DWI mismatch volume and ratio in 228 @entity1 from two European multi-center @entity64 databases. We performed confusion matrix analysis to summarize the agreement between the automated selection and the clinical decision. Finally, we evaluated the clinical and imaging outcomes of the @entity1 in the four entries of the confusion matrix (true positive, true negative, false negative, and false positive). About 186 of 228 @entity1 with @entity64 underwent thrombolytic treatment, with the remaining 42 receiving supportive treatment only. Selection based on radiographic criteria using COMBAT @entity64 classified 142 @entity1 as potential candidates for thrombolytic treatment and 86 for supportive treatment; 60% sensitivity and 29% specificity. The @entity1 deemed eligible for thrombolytic treatment by COMBAT @entity64 demonstrated significantly higher rates of compromised tissue salvage, less @entity51 , and were more likely to experience @entity715 dissolving and reestablishment of normal blood flow at 24   h follow-up compared to those who were treated without substantial PWI-DWI mismatch. These results provide evidence that COMBAT @entity64 , in addition to clinical assessment, may offer an optimal framework for a fast, efficient, and standardized clinical support tool to select @entity1 for thrombolysis in acute @entity385 .

title: Automated decision-support system for prediction of treatment responders in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of @entity14385 and to determine the safety of withholding anticoagulant therapy in @entity1 with negative ultrasonographic results. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE database was searched for literature published from January 1, 1980, to December 31, 2000, that evaluated ultrasonography for the diagnosis of @entity14385 . Bibliographies of the retrieved articles were cross-checked to identify additional studies. STUDY SELECTION: All prospective English-language studies were selected. Retrospective studies, review articles, and case reports were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Two of us (B.O.M. and S.W.R.) used predefined criteria to independently assess each study. Data on sensitivity and specificity and the associated 95% confidence intervals were recorded when available. DATA SYNTHESIS: Only one study met all of the predefined criteria for adequately evaluating sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity of duplex ultrasonography ranged from 56% to 100%, and the specificity ranged from 94% to 100%. No study evaluated the safety of withholding anticoagulant therapy without additional testing in @entity1 with negative ultrasonographic results. CONCLUSION: The safety of withholding anticoagulant treatment in a @entity1 with suspected @entity14385 and negative ultrasonographic results is uncertain.

title: Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14385 :: ('MESH:D056824', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity deep vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity14385 :: (MESH:D056824,Disease) :: ['upper extremity deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: An SH3-binding domain within the @entity4483 protein of primate lentiviruses has been reported to be important to viral replication and infectivity and dispensable for @entity404 downregulation, but its precise role remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of mutations in both the @entity19696 helix and in the hydrophobic pocket that constitute the SH3-binding domain of @entity4483 . The data demonstrate that the well-studied mutation of the central prolines is only partially disruptive to viral infectivity and replication. The central prolines also make a subtle contribution to the efficiency of @entity404 downregulation, detectable only using low levels of @entity4483 expression. Mutation of a conserved @entity369 in the @entity19696 helix abrogated more completely @entity4483 -mediated enhancement of viral infectivity; this mutation also adversely affected @entity404 downregulation at low levels of @entity4483 expression. Only the @entity61680 mutation substantially impaired downregulation of class I MHC. However, mutation of the central prolines and of R77 yielded proteins that were expressed less efficiently than wild-type @entity4483 . The @entity61680 mutant was expressed most poorly, compatible with its defective phenotypes in all assays. Mutations of the hydrophobic pocket were minimally detrimental to both the virologic and the receptor modulatory functions of @entity4483 . Taken together, this analysis suggests that mutations in the SH3-binding domain do not abrogate fully any @entity4483 -associated phenotype in the absence of detrimental effects on protein expression. We suggest that mutations in this domain can introduce incomplete effects caused by @entity73 to protein expression; these effects may appear selective under certain experimental conditions due to different sensitivities of the assays to the level of @entity4483 expression.

title: Analysis of the SH3-binding region of HIV-1 nef: partial functional defects introduced by mutations in the XXXX helix and the hydrophobic pocket.

entities_list: @entity19696 :: ('MESH:C011083', 'Chemical') :: ['polyproline']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['subtle impairments']

entities_list: @entity61680 :: ('p|SUB|R|77|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R77A']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity19696 :: (MESH:C011083,Chemical) :: ['polyproline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence rates of @entity10 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 varied widely in recent studies. This study aimed to investigate the 1 year prevalence of @entity10 in @entity15 compared with the general population. METHODS: Population-based case-control study in Germany. RESULTS: We included 491 @entity1 with definite @entity15 (68% female, mean age 45.3 years, 63.7% relapsing remitting @entity15 , mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 3.2, 106 treated with interferon-beta, 53 with @entity1638 , 271 untreated) and 447 age and gender matched controls. @entity10 was diagnosed with a validated questionnaire according to the International @entity10 Society Criteria. @entity10 prevalence was 56.2% ( @entity2701 37.2%, @entity2704 24.6%). @entity10 prevalence rates did not differ from controls. @entity10 was not associated with disability or treatment. Trigeminal @entity9 was found in 6.3% of @entity15 cases. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that @entity10 in @entity15 @entity1 reflects comorbidity in most conditions.

title: Prevalence of @entity2704 , XXXX and trigeminal neuralgia in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension-type headache']


abstract: PURPOSE: To introduce arthroscopic surgery of intra-articulator adhesion of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) upper compartment and evaluate its effect. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred forty-two @entity1 (159 joints) with intra-articular adhesions confirmed by arthroscope were treated with lysis of the adhesions, intra-articular cleanup surgery, or capsule radiofrequency catheter ablation. One hundred ten @entity1 (123 joints) with disc displacement were treated with the disc repositioning and suturing technique. The follow-up index includes @entity89 , visual analog scale @entity158 value, and @entity1 ' self-evaluation. The therapeutic effect was divided into excellent, good, and poor. Excellent and good @entity1 were defined as effective. Jaw movement and visual analog scale @entity158 value before and after the operation were evaluated by a paired t test. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 10.3 months (range: 2-27 months), and 33.80% (48/142) of all joints were excellent; 56.34% (80/142) were good, and 9.86% (14/142) were poor. The total effectiveness rate was 90.14% (128/142). Of all @entity1 , 93.66% (133/142) felt more comfortable than they had before the operation. The interincisal opening increased from a preoperative 23.14    5.93 mm (range: 10-40 mm) to postoperative 37.48    3.51 mm (range: 30-40 mm; P < .01), and the @entity158 scores were reduced from 28.94    23.54 (0-80) to 4.44    10.10 (0-40; P < .05). CONCLUSION: The effect of arthroscopic surgery on @entity1348 intra-articular adhesion was positive. It can increase the mouth's range of motion, improve jaw function, and reduce @entity158 during @entity89 .

title: Arthroscopic treatment for intra-articular adhesions of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw movement']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mixed @entity194 of the testis (MAT), a frequent finding in biopsies of formerly cryptorchid and/or @entity249 @entity1 , is defined as the synchronous occurrence of both seminiferous tubules containing germ cells and Sertoli cell only-tubules in variable proportions. In tubules containing germ cells, different types of abnormalities in spermatogenesis may be seen. The presence of adult spermatids in the biopsy, even in small numbers, correlates with successful spermatozoa retrieval for "in vitro" fertilization techniques. Currently, it is unknown whether precursor lesions of MAT can be identified in cryptorchid @entity1 during childhood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen formerly cryptorchid adults who had undergone testicular biopsies in childhood had a repeat testicular biopsy to evaluate @entity249 . In prepubertal biopsies, abnormalities of the testicular parenchyma were classified into types I (slight alterations), II (marked @entity3453 ), and III ( @entity3453 ). In postpubertal biopsies, the percentage of tubules containing germ cells and Sertoli cell only-tubules were estimated, as well as the presence of complete spermatogenesis. Abnormalities in spermatogenesis were classified into lesions of the adluminal or basal compartments of seminiferous tubules. RESULTS: Comparison between prepubertal and postpubertal biopsies revealed that most specimens developing from @entity75 presented with incomplete spermatogenesis (P<0.0001) and more severe lesions of the germinal epithelium (P=0.049). DISCUSSION: @entity75 correlated with MAT characteristics that confer a worse prognosis for in vitro fertilization. Thus, MAT characteristics may be predicted in prepubertal cryptorchid @entity1 , allowing a fertility prognosis. The pathogenesis of these lesions, and their possible inclusion into the spectrum of the @entity10523 , are discussed.

title: Bilateral prepubertal testicular biopsies predict significance of cryptorchidism-associated mixed XXXX , and allow assessment of fertility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3453 :: ('MESH:D054331', 'Disease') :: ['germinal hypoplasia', 'severe germinal hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular dysgenesis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type III lesions', 'Type III lesions']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['testicular atrophy']


abstract: Aim of this study is to examinate time period from the beginning of symptoms in @entity1187 to the arrival time in @entity341 medical service Zivinice where electrocardiogram is only one exact method for diagnosis of the @entity741 . In retrospectively-prospectively study during one year, every @entity1 with symptoms of @entity1187 were taken beside and performed physical survay. We recorded ECG, performed ECG monitoring and/or serial ECG records. We investigated reasons for the lete arrival, sex and age and risk factors. In 167 @entity1 with diagnostic @entity1187 , average time period from beginning symptoms to the arrival time was 8.12 (+/-5,87) hours, significant longer from optimal 2 hours (p=0,001). Average age of these @entity1 was 60,4 years. Male subjects were ill for about 9,2 years earlier than @entity1 and 1,6 times higher incidence than female subjects in all age groups. Most important risk and precipitating factors were @entity101 , smoking, @entity6 , @entity407 , @entity28 . Leading factors for late arrival was unadequate attributing for importance of the acute @entity662 and nonexistance of @entity341 medical service "on call". CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to informe citizens about risiko factors of @entity1187 development, its symptoms, characteristic and consequences . Necessity is to organize @entity341 medical service "on call" and establish modern @entity341 centers. It is necessery to adequately equip stationary @entity341 medical services and train doctors and other medical staff to point out and adopt the usage of algoritms and protocols for @entity1187 management. To educate members of public services about basic principles of cardiopulmonary reanimation.

title: [The examination space of time from the beginning symptoms of the XXXX to the time of the urgent treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Department of emergency', 'emergency']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: We report the case of a @entity1 with an aggressive @entity2479 accompanied with @entity1103 and neovascular vessels, who was initially treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections. A 24-year-old male presented to our clinic complaining of @entity227 in his right eye. At 8 years of age, he had been diagnosed as having @entity2916 complex. Fundus examination demonstrated a retinal @entity5 accompanied with marked neovascular vessels on the surface, @entity5861 , and @entity1103 . After six monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections, fundus examination demonstrated marked regression of the @entity1103 and neovascular vessels. Two months later, a @entity548 developed which necessitated pars plana vitrectomy. After additional intravitreal bevacizumab injection for preventing @entity954 , vitrectomy with endophotocoagulation for the @entity5 was performed. The vitreous sample was obtained during vitrectomy, and we measured the @entity7 concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The surgically removed epiretinal neovascular membrane and biopsied retinal @entity5 expressed @entity7 , although several intravitreal bevacizumab injections led to a vitreous @entity7 concentration of undetectable levels. The clinical course and immunohistochemical analyses indicate that intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy may have been insufficient to treat the aggressive @entity2479 with @entity1103 and that laser photocoagulation or photodynamic therapy for the @entity5 should be considered following intravitreal bevacizumab injection in such cases.

title: Aggressive XXXX associated with @entity2916 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal astrocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the quantity and profile of subjective @entity73 in young @entity1 as compared with elderly @entity1 referred to a memory clinic. METHODS: @entity1 were consecutively recruited from the Copenhagen University Hospital Memory Clinic at Rigshospitalet. In total, 307 @entity1 and 149 age-matched healthy controls were included. @entity1 were classified in 4 diagnostic groups: @entity303 , mild @entity73 , @entity1316 and no @entity73 . Subjective memory was assessed with @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ) scale. Global cognitive functions were assessed with the Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE), and symptoms of @entity308 were rated with @entity308 ( @entity308 ). All interviews and the diagnostic conclusion were blinded to the @entity2414 score. RESULTS: We found that young @entity1 with @entity303 have a significantly higher level and a different profile of subjective @entity73 as compared with elderly @entity1 with @entity303 . Furthermore, young @entity1 , diagnosed with an @entity1316 , had the highest level of subjective @entity73 of all @entity1 in a memory clinic. The age of the @entity1 and @entity308 score (but not MMSE or ACE) had significant impact on the level of subjective @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: We have established that young @entity1 with @entity303 have a different profile of subjective @entity73 than elderly @entity1 , and further studies are needed to clarify possible relation to specific subtypes of @entity303 . Altogether, a systematic interview on subjective @entity73 may contribute to the diagnostic evaluation of @entity1 referred to a memory clinic. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Subjective @entity73 included in diagnostic evaluation of XXXX helps accurate diagnosis in a mixed memory clinic cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'MDI', 'Major Depression Inventory']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive complaints', 'cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders', 'affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['SMC', 'subjective memory complaints']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying delayed progressive @entity3794 , a characteristic of subacute paraquat (PQ) @entity4968 . Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as a cause of organ @entity82 , and transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) is suggested to be a powerful mediator of EMT. We thus examined the possibility that EMT is involved in @entity3794 during PQ @entity4968 using A549 @entity1 alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. The cells were treated with various concentrations of PQ (0-500  M) for 2-12 days. Short-term (2 days) high-dose (>100  M) treatments with PQ induced cell @entity204 accompanied by the activation of @entity8187 as well as a decrease in @entity5962 (an epithelial cell marker), suggesting apoptotic cell @entity204 with the features of anoikis (cell @entity204 due to the loss of cell-cell adhesion). In contrast, long-term (6-12 days) low-dose (30  M) treatments with PQ resulted in a transformation into spindle-shaped mesenchymal-like cells with a decrease of @entity5962 as well as an increase of @entity1970 ( @entity1970 ). The mesenchymal-like cells also secreted the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin into the culture medium. The administration of a @entity2533 receptor antagonist, @entity21795 , almost completely attenuated the mesenchymal transformation as well as fibronectin secretion, suggesting a crucial role of @entity2533 in EMT-like cellular response and subsequent fibrogenesis. It is noteworthy that despite the suppression of EMT-fibrogenesis, apoptotic @entity204 was observed in cells treated with PQ+ @entity21795 . EMT-like cellular response and subsequent fibrogenesis were also observed in normal @entity1 bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells exposed to PQ in a @entity2533 -dependent manner. Taken together, our experimental model reflects well the etiology of PQ @entity4968 in @entity1 and shows the involvement of EMT-like cellular response in both fibrogenesis and resistance to cell @entity204 during subacute PQ @entity4968 of pulmonary epithelial cells.

title: Paraquat Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Cellular Response Resulting in Fibrogenesis and the Prevention of Apoptosis in XXXX Pulmonary Epithelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1970 :: ('58', 'Gene') :: ['a-SMA', 'a-smooth muscle actin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity545 described as @entity546 , fibromathosis and @entity158 that occur most often in @entity1 aged 40 to 60 years. The main complaint that caused the @entity1 to visit the clinic is nodules on the upper surface of the penis, causing curvature and distortion particularly during erection, but they don't have any urinary problem. In this study, we evaluated the effect of @entity1855 compared to @entity1502 in @entity545 . METHODS: In this study, 90 @entity1 with signs and symptoms of @entity545 which were diagnosed and were in the age range 40 to 70 years enrolled. The @entity1 were randomly divided into 3 groups. First group received @entity1502 orally at a dose of 400 mg three times a day, in the second group @entity1855 (10 mg every other week for up to 12 sessions) was injected into the lesion and the third group received both treatments in combination. RESULTS: In @entity1 , who received @entity1502 , curvature reduction was 26.7%, plaque size reduction was 30%, the recovery rate of @entity323 was 46.7% and @entity158 reduced was 73.3%. Each of these cases in @entity1 , who used beta-blockers, was 36.7%, 33.3%, 66.7% and 76.6%. In combination therapy, curvature reduction was 36.7%, plaque size reduction was 33.3%, the recovery rate of @entity323 was 86.7% and @entity158 reduced was 80%. CONCLUSION: In our study there was no significant difference between two groups using @entity1855 or @entity1502 , but there was a significant improvement in combination therapy group. Due to our results we propose that combination therapy can improve results and should be considered as a choice in treatment of @entity545 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX efficacy in @entity545 comparing with @entity1502 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile curvature']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: We have previously shown that the antiviral state of explanted @entity19 peritoneal macrophages (PM) decays during in vitro culture and that this decay is much more rapid in Lpsd PM than it is in Lpsn PM. Moreover, Lpsn PM can transfer the antiviral state to other cells, whereas Lpsd PM cannot. In vitro treatment of Lpsn PM with different agents [i.e., bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), @entity60 , tumour @entity39 factor ( @entity637 , @entity9827 ( @entity9827 ) and antibody to @entity3804 antigen] induced an antiviral state to @entity8310 virus (VSV) which was inhibited by antibodies to @entity12421 . Treatment of Lpsn PM with LPS or @entity60 resulted in greater accumulation of @entity12421 mRNA, whereas no change in the barely detectable levels of @entity12419 mRNA was observed. Marked accumulation of @entity12421 mRNA was also observed in PM after @entity637 treatment. @entity9827 and @entity60 (but not LPS) also induced an IFN-mediated antiviral state in Lpsd PM. Low levels of spontaneous transcription of @entity12421 mRNA were detected in nuclei from Lpsd PM. Treatment of Lpsd PM with @entity60 for 3 h resulted in the accumulation of @entity12421 mRNA without any concomitant increase in the transcription of the @entity12421 gene, as determined by run-on transcription assays with isolated nuclei. The addition of as little as I international unit/ml of @entity60 to PM resulted in a 100-fold inhibition of VSV yield. As antibodies to @entity12419 /beta inhibited only a portion of the @entity60 -induced antiviral state, such an antiviral state might reflect the synergism between @entity60 and endogenous @entity12421 . In fact, the addition of low doses of both @entity60 and @entity12421 to either Lpsn or Lpsd PM resulted in synergistic antiviral effects. In vivo treatment of Lpsd @entity19 with @entity2304 , @entity9827 , @entity60 or Newcastle disease virus rendered peritoneal cells capable of transferring an antiviral state. These results indicate that (i) various stimuli can induce @entity12421 production by PM, (ii) Lpsd PM spontaneously transcribe low levels of @entity12421 mRNA, even though they cannot transfer an antiviral state, (iii) different stimuli, but not LPS, induce a normal IFN response in Lpsd PM, (iv) @entity60 increases the accumulation of @entity12421 mRNA in Lpsd PM by post-transcriptional mechanisms and (v) @entity60 may act synergistically with endogenous @entity12421 in inducing a potent antiviral state to VSV in PM.

title: Effects of different biological response modifiers on interferon expression in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive and LPS-hyporesponsive XXXX peritoneal macrophages.

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF']

entities_list: @entity9827 :: ('12977(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['M-CSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The present paper deals with the proliferation and differentiation of glial cells in organotypic slice cultures of the @entity35 hippocampal formation. Transverse slices of hippocampus of newborn to five-day-old @entity35 were cultivated using the roller tube technique. To study the development of glial cells under these conditions, the slice cultures were processed for immunostaining employing antibodies against the glial fibrillary acidic protein. The proliferation of glial cells was studied in double-labeling experiments employing glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunostaining and the @entity1603 technique. The three-dimensional glial scaffold in the cultures was analysed in semithin and ultrathin cross-sections through the slice cultures after varying periods following explanation. Our results can be summarized as follows: 1. At all intervals after explanation of the slices there are numerous glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells with morphological characteristics of astrocytes. 2. With some modifications, the differentiation of astrocytes and their processes follows similar rules as observed in the hippocampus in vivo. A radial glial scaffold is also formed in the cultures. However, in cultures, a regular pattern of radial fibers is more obvious in the hippocampus proper than in the dentate gyrus. This glial scaffold persists after 20 days in vitro whereas it is known to disappear after the first postnatal week in vivo. 3. @entity1603 -positive nuclei of glial cells were found at all time periods after explanation. After short incubation periods, they were most frequent in the "ventricular" zones of the cultures. Following longer incubation periods after @entity1603 administration, proliferating cells were found throughout the cultures, covering and underlying the cultured tissue. A rim of laterally migrating astrocytes completely surrounds the cultures. Our results demonstrate that glial cells proliferate and differentiate under the present culture conditions. After three weeks of incubation the whole slice culture is surrounded by a glial cover which may play an important role for the survival and differentiation of the cultured hippocampal neurons.

title: Proliferation and differentiation of glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive glial cells in organotypic slice cultures of XXXX hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine', 'Bromodeoxyuridine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A paucity of information is available regarding the surgical repair of @entity85 ( @entity85 ). From 1993 through 2001 35 @entity1 ranging in age from 6 to 51 years (mean, 23 years) underwent repair of @entity85 a mean of 11 years after the original repair: modified Ravitch repair (31), prosthetic implantation (three), and Nuss procedure (one). All @entity1 had accompanying symptoms including decreased stamina (76%), chest discomfort (53%), @entity565 (33%). The repair performed was dependent on the findings at operation. A modified Ravitch procedure with Adkins strut was performed for 21 @entity1 . Three had reattachment of mobile costal cartilages and/or xiphoid process to the sternum; three @entity1 had autologous bone or cartilage grafts, three had muscular reconstruction, and two had resection of a localized cartilage protrusion. Three @entity1 could not be reconstructed safely. Very good to excellent results were achieved for 32 @entity1 (mean follow-up, 24.8 months). There were no deaths or major complications. Minor complications occurred in five @entity1 . The mean @entity190 was 105 mL. The mean hospital stay was 2.8 days. We conclude that although it is technically difficult @entity85 can be repaired with low morbidity, short hospital stay, and very good physiologic and cosmetic results.

title: Repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['RPD', 'recurrent pectus deformities']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['recurrent pectus deformities']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intracapsular @entity2249 are common in the elderly population. To avoid the poor outcome of internal fixation and for early mobilization, hemiarthroplasty is performed. However, there is inadequate evidence to support the choice between @entity162 . The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of unipolar with the @entity162 in geriatric @entity1 . METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 above 60 years of age and an acute displaced @entity174 of the femoral neck were randomly allocated to treatment by either @entity162 , in the Department of Orthopaedics, between September 2009 and October 2012. Functional outcome was assessed and compared using Harris hip score and radiological parameters with a follow-up of one year. RESULTS: The two groups of @entity1 with mean age of 67.3 in bipolar group and 75.6 in unipolar group did not differ in their pre-injury characteristics and perioperative parameters. The mean Harris hip score in bipolar and unipolar groups was 86.18  12.18 and 79.79  15.55, respectively (p=0.183); range of motion was 210.63  28.39 and 181.58  37(p=0.015) with bipolar and unipolar groups, respectively. Functional activities were better in the bipolar group. Complications like @entity158 hip, @entity3029 , @entity3564 and @entity7195 were encountered in unipolar prostheses. CONCLUSION: The use of bipolar endoprosthesis in the management of displaced @entity2249 in the elderly was associated with better mean Harris hip score and incidence of complications was limited. Hence, bipolar would be a better option in elderly @entity1 with @entity2249 . KEY WORDS: Unipolar; Bipolar; Hemiarthroplasty.

title: Treatment of XXXX : @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar prosthesis', 'unipolar or bipolar hemiarthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['fracture neck of femur', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular erosion']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['posterior dislocation']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oral streptococci including mitis group streptococci are commensal residents and are also the first to colonize the oral cavity. However, various species of these oral streptococci have the potential to invade the host and occasionally lead to severe @entity166 such as @entity65 . Oral streptococci have close interactions with the host immune system including macrophages at the oral mucosal surface. One notable common trait of oral streptococcus including @entity9858 ( @entity9858 ) is the production of @entity273 ( @entity5568 ). Using a comprehensive microarray approach, we sought to understand the innate immune response profiling affected by @entity5568 production from oral streptococci. We compared the gene expression patterns of macrophages infected with @entity9858 wild type (WT) and streptococcal @entity2388 oxidase knockout (SpxB-KO), a strain that does not produce @entity5568 . We found that @entity5568 from @entity9858 suppressed proinflammatory gene expression such as TNF-a, that is induced in response to infection, and activated the cellular stress genes such as Egr-1 in response to oxidative stress. A comparative gene ontology analysis of @entity9858 WT and SpxB-KO strains revealed that during infection, down regulated genes were closely related to the processes involved in the host defense reaction and up regulated genes were related with the cellular stress responses. Using qPCR analysis, we also confirmed the same pattern of expression changes such as TNF-a, IL-6 and Egr-1. Furthermore, supernatant from SpxB-KO could not suppress the expression of TNF-a in macrophages stimulated with @entity558 . These findings suggested that @entity5568 production from @entity9858 leads to the suppression of inflammatory responses and NF-kB signaling pathways in macrophages as well as the induction of the oxidative stress response. We concluded that streptococcal @entity5568 production has the beneficial effects of modulating the innate immune response, thereby stabilizing streptococcal colonization at the mucosal surface and even in the bloodstream leading to @entity65 after invasion, in addition to the commensal role to compete other bacterial species as initial colonizer at oral cavity.

title: Microarray analysis of macrophage response to infection with XXXX reveals the immunosuppressive effect of @entity273 .

entities_list: @entity9858 :: ('1303', 'Species') :: ['S.  oralis', 'Streptococcus oralis']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity9858 :: (1303,Species) :: ['Streptococcus oralis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Behavioral engagement and cognitive coping have been hypothesized to mediate effectiveness of exposure-based therapies. Identifying which specific @entity1 factors mediate successful therapy and which therapist factors facilitate change can help make our evidence-based treatments more efficient and robust. The current study examines the specificity and temporal sequence of relations among hypothesized client and therapist mediators in exposure therapy for pediatric @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ). METHOD: Youth coping (cognitive, behavioral), youth safety behaviors (avoidance, escape, @entity146 ), therapist interventions (cognitive, exposure extensiveness), and youth @entity148 were rated via observational ratings of therapy sessions of @entity3119 youth (N=43; ages=8 - 17; 62.8% male) who had received Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). Regression analysis using Generalized Estimation Equations and cross-lagged panel analysis (CLPA) were conducted to model @entity148 change within and across sessions, to determine formal mediators of @entity148 change, and to establish sequence of effects. RESULTS: @entity148 ratings decreased linearly across exposures within sessions. Youth coping and therapist interventions significantly mediated @entity148 change across exposures, and youth-interfering behavior mediated @entity148 change at the trend level. In CLPA, youth-interfering behaviors predicted, and were predicted by, changes in @entity148 . Youth coping was predicted by prior @entity148 change. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides a preliminary examination of specificity and temporal sequence among @entity1 and therapist behaviors in predicting youth @entity148 . Results suggest that therapists should educate clients in the natural rebound effects of @entity148 between sessions and should be aware of the negatively reinforcing properties of avoidance during exposure.

title: Mediators of exposure therapy for youth XXXX : specificity and temporal sequence of client and treatment factors.

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['Obsessive Compulsive Disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['compulsive behaviors']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: A feature of the @entity35 brain @entity1246 transporter @entity44297 , and other members of the neurotransmitter transporter family, is its regulated redistribution between intracellular locations and the plasma membrane. Recent studies have focused upon defining the signaling molecules that facilitate this redistribution. Agents that promote direct @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity44297 promote a relative increase in surface @entity44297 levels, and this results from a slowing of the transporter internalization rate. Agents that act to increase @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activity promote a relative decrease in surface @entity44297 levels; whether this effect is caused by direct transporter phosphorylation is unknown. The opposing actions of @entity669 kinase activity and @entity7131 activity raise the possibility that the subcellular distribution of @entity44297 is associated with mutually exclusive transporter phosphorylation events. The present experiments show that @entity44297 is phosphorylated on @entity563 residues in a @entity7131 -dependent manner, but this state is only revealed when @entity44297 @entity669 phosphorylation is eliminated or greatly reduced. The relative levels of @entity563 phosphorylation and @entity669 phosphorylation are negatively correlated. The amount of @entity563 phosphorylation is regulated by agents that affect @entity669 phosphorylation, and vice versa. In addition, the ability of agents that affect @entity669 kinase activity to regulate @entity44297 @entity563 phosphorylation requires a change in its @entity669 phosphorylation state. These data support the ideas that @entity44297 can exist in either of two mutually exclusive phosphorylation states and that the relative abundance of these states determines in part the relative subcellular distribution of the transporter.

title: Regulation of a @entity1246 transporter by reciprocal XXXX and @entity563 phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: In this study, the cDNA sequences of @entity2285 and @entity4041 were isolated from the special chondr-ganoid scale, Amur sturgeon, for the first time. Homology analysis indicated that @entity535 sequences of @entity2285 and @entity4041 shared high identity with other species (82.68-99.07 and 90.19-98.07  %, respectively). The tissue expression analysis showed that the asHSP70 and asHSP90 mRNA were ubiquitously expressed in all the examined tissues under unstressed condition. The expression pattern of @entity2285 and @entity4041 under chronic (crowding) and acute ( @entity519 ) stress was examined by q-PCR in liver, spleen and kidney. Results showed that stocking density could significantly influence the expression of @entity2285 at day 20 and/or day 40. In contrast to stocking density, levels of @entity2285 transcripts indicated a remarkable increase in all examined tissues after @entity519 stress. @entity4041 levels in liver and spleen increased significantly in high stocking density. By comparison, significant increase of asHSP90 in kidney was only found in high stocking density at day 40. Similar to @entity2285 , the levels of @entity4041 transcripts showed significant increases after @entity519 stress except the transcript of liver in H2 group 6  h after @entity519 . The assessment of asHSP70 and asHSP90 mRNA levels under crowding and @entity519 stresses indicated that asHSP70 and asHSP90 gene might be good indicators of stressful situations for Amur sturgeon. Taking serum globulin and electrolytes account, we suggest that crowding and @entity519 stress can result in considerable stress for Amur sturgeon.

title: Two HSPs gene from juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii): cloning, characterization and expression pattern to crowding and XXXX stress.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct a uterovaginal canal in a @entity1 with a complete cervical agenesis and partial @entity365 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Zeynep Kamil @entity1 's and @entity1 Hospital. @entity1 (S): A 15-year-old @entity1 presented with lower @entity490 . On examination, partial @entity365 with a 4-cm vagina was noted. A pelvic ultrasonography revealed hematometra and the absence of a cervix. INTERVENTION(S): Surgical therapy included creation of an ostium by making 1.5-cm midline vertical hysterotomy incision, trimming away the fibrous tissue at the distal portion of uterus, and @entity10273 the proximal end of the vagina to the uterus by the abdominal route. A stent was left in place for 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pelvic ultrasonography and clinical follow-up evaluation. RESULT(S): Regular menstrual periods were observed for 6 months beginning at the first month. The follow-up pelvic ultrasonography was normal. CONCLUSION(S): Cervicoplasty @entity10273 the mucosal lining of the endometrium to that of the vagina permits the creation of a patent cervical canal with short stenting time.

title: Abdominal surgical approach to a case of complete cervical and partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'Children', 'Women', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal agenesis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['vaginal agenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The uncertainty surrounding the role of @entity3069 @entity3068 (Map) in @entity30 has been compounded by possible contamination from Map present in the lumen microflora. This study used laser capture microdissection (LCM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Map DNA in subepithelial @entity738 , isolated from 15 surgically resected, formalin fixed specimens of granulomatous @entity30 and from 12 @entity738 controls (10 bowel, 2 non-bowel). METHODS: The effect of amplicon size on reliability of PCR from formalin fixed samples was examined by amplifying 435 bp and 133 bp sequences of the @entity1 @entity1412 gene. After this, nested primers were designed to detect a small fragment (155 bp) of the Map specific IS900 gene in @entity30 . LCM isolated @entity738 from Map culture positive @entity291 intestine was used as positive control. PCR product specificity was confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: The smaller, but not the larger, fragment of the @entity1412 gene amplified reliably in all samples. Amplification of the 155 bp fragment of the IS900 gene detected Map DNA in microdissected @entity30 in 6 of 15 cases, and in 0 of 12 disease control @entity738 . CONCLUSIONS: LCM can be used to detect Map DNA in @entity738 in a proportion of @entity1 with @entity30 . However, @entity406 fixation requires that comparatively short DNA fragments of the Map specific IS900 gene be targeted, to permit consistent detection. Detection of Map DNA within @entity738 might suggest an infectious aetiology in a subset of @entity1 ; alternatively, a transmissible agent may not be involved but mycobacterial DNA may influence pathogenesis by modifying the local cytokine responses.

title: PCR detection of @entity3069 XXXX in @entity30 isolated by laser capture microdissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's granulomas", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis']

answer: @entity3068 :: (MESH:D010283,Disease) :: ['paratuberculosis']


abstract: Microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) have been isolated from cultured cells of @entity238 by a @entity1311 -dependent polymerization procedure. The principal MAPs are a group of four polypeptides with similar electrophoretic mobilities corresponding to approximately Mr 205,000 (the @entity60834 ). These proteins are resistant to precipitation by boiling. One mouse monoclonal antibody and one polyclonal rabbit antiserum specific for the Mr 205,000 MAP were produced and characterized by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence. Both antibody preparations stain the Mr 205,000 molecules and an Mr 255,000 molecule in immunoblots of @entity238 cell homogenates; the rabbit antiserum also stains an Mr 150,000 triplet. Both preparations stain the microtubules of the mitotic spindle, and the rabbit antiserum stains the cytoplasmic microtubules as well. Experiments using affinity-purified rabbit antiserum demonstrate that it is the Mr 205,000 species that is located in the mitotic apparatus and on cytoplasmic microtubules. A random shear genomic library was produced in the expressing vector lambda gt11 and screened with the rabbit antiserum to isolate the DNA sequences encoding these polypeptides. Several cross-hybridizing clones were recovered, shown to encode antigenic determinants in the Mr 205,000 MAP, and characterized by hybridization to Northern blots of mRNA and Southern blots of genomic DNA. Analysis by in situ hybridization reveals that the gene encoding the @entity60834 is located in polytene region 100EF.

title: A microtubule-associated protein in XXXX : identification, characterization, and isolation of coding sequences.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila', 'Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) respond to multiple stresses and have been implicated as essential immune chaperones that regulate innate and adaptive immunity. The exposure of HSPs containing @entity5 peptide complex to immune surveillance elements may elicit a specific anti  - @entity5 response. The present study examined the potential of anticancer drugs to induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and elicit the expression of HSP proteins, including @entity2285 and @entity19892 , on the membrane or their release to the extracellular environment, leading to HSP exposure. In the present study, @entity2879 and @entity3003 were classified by an @entity855 assay as representatives of hypersensitive and hyposensitive anticancer drugs, respectively. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, ELIZA and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were all used to detect changes in the HSPs. The results demonstrated that @entity2879 and @entity3003 induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. In addition, following treatment with @entity2879 or @entity3003 , @entity2285 / @entity19892 expression increased, demonstrating a 'transfer expression' pattern: The cytosol expression decreased while the surface expression increased. These alterations progressed steadily with notable alterations following treatment with @entity2879 for 24  h or @entity3003 for 72  h. Additionally, at the end of treatment, release of @entity2285 / @entity19892 to the extracellular environment increased. Notably, following treatment with the hyposensitive anticancer drug @entity3003 for 72  h, the surface expression of @entity19892 in HepG2 cells was significantly increased. These results suggest that when combined with @entity5 cell apoptosis, anticancer drugs induce the membrane expression and release of @entity2285 / @entity19892 in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cells, which may represent a crucial event in the immune anti  - @entity5 response. Notably, treatment with the hyposensitive anticancer drug for a longer time period resulted in greater surface expression and release of @entity19892 , which suggests a potential use for hyposensitive anticancer drugs in HSP  -based dendritic cell vaccine preparation and chemoimmunotherapy for @entity157 @entity1 .

title: A hyposensitive anticancer drug induces higher surface expression and release of XXXX proteins in a @entity1 @entity157 cell line.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: This study examined changes in skeletal muscle @entity50465 content and @entity413 transport in isolated muscle membranes ( @entity1422 ) from @entity1641 before and 2 min after standardised submaximal exercise tests (SET) prior to and after completion of 6 weeks of training. Seven @entity1641 , age 3-9 years, body mass mean +/- s.e. 530 +/- 19 kg, and sedentary for at least 4 months, completed 6 weeks of training on a treadmill. An initial SET (UT) was performed on a 4 degree incline at a speed equivalent to 55% of pretraining VO2max and was repeated post-training at the same absolute workload (ABS). A third SET ( @entity62239 ) was performed at 55% of post-training VO2max. There was no significant pre- to postexercise change in @entity50465 content before or after training. Following training, total @entity50465 content was increased 2- or 3-fold in pre-exercise biopsies (pre UT: 0.30 +/- 0.05; pre ABS: 1.05 +/- 0.32; pre @entity62239 : 1.34 +/- 0.28 arbitrary units) (P<0.05) with similar increases in postexercise @entity50465 content (P<0.05) (post UT: 033 +/- 0.06; post ABS: 1.19 +/- 0.44; post @entity62239 : 1.43 +/- 0.31). @entity1422 increased 2.5- to 6-fold in postexercise muscle membrane vesicles in UT over a range of @entity413 concentrations. After training (ABS and @entity62239 ), there was a 25-50% attenuation (P<0.05) in membrane @entity1422 in response to exercise in ABS and @entity62239 . These finding indicate that moderate intensity exercise training increased middle gluteal muscle @entity50465 content, but this change was not reflected in an increase in muscle membrane @entity413 transport activity in postexercise muscle samples.

title: Changes in skeletal muscle XXXX content and muscle membrane @entity413 transport following 6 weeks of exercise training.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity50465 :: (100033939(Tax:9796),Gene) :: ['GLUT4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Postoperative deep sternal wound @entity281 is a severe complication of cardiac surgery, with a high mortality rate and a high morbidity rate. The objective of this prospective study is to report our experience with the vacuum assisted closure (VAC) system for the management of deep wound @entity281 . We also devised an innovative closure technique post VAC therapy using thermo reactive clips. The advantage of this technique is that the posterior face of the sternum does not have to be separated from the mediastinal structures thus minimising the risk of damage. METHODS: From October 2006 to October 2008, we prospectively evaluated 21 @entity1 affected by @entity1764 after sternotomy. Nineteen @entity1 had sternotomy for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), one @entity1 for @entity886 ( @entity886 ) and another one for ascending aortic replacement (AAR). All @entity1 were treated with the VAC system at the time of @entity281 diagnosis. When the wound tissue appeared viable and the microbiological cultures were negative, the chest was closed using the most suitable procedure for the @entity1 in question; nine @entity1 were closed using pectoralis flaps, nine @entity1 using @entity5648 clips, one @entity1 with a combined technique (use of @entity5648 clips and @entity121 ), one @entity1 with a direct wound closure and another @entity1 , who needed AAR with a homograft performed in another institution, was closed using sternal wires. RESULTS: We had no mortality; wound healing was successfully achieved in all @entity1 . In more than 50% of the @entity1 , the VAC therapy allowed direct sternal resynthesis. The average duration of the vacuum therapy was 26 days (range 14-37 days). CONCLUSIONS: VAC is a safe and effective option in the treatment of post-sternotomy @entity1764 , with excellent survival and immediate improvement of local wound conditions; furthermore, the use of @entity5648 clips after VAC therapy demonstrated to be a safe and non-invasive option for sternal resynthesis. After VAC therapy, a reduction in number of muscular flaps used and an increase of direct sternal resynthesis were observed.

title: Improved results of the vacuum assisted closure and XXXX clips sternal closure after postoperative deep sternal wound infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['AVR', 'aortic valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flap']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['Nitinol']


abstract: The incidences of @entity281 caused by an aerobic Gram-negative bacterium, @entity3064 are very common in hospital environments. It usually causes soft tissue @entity281 including @entity293 and @entity55 . It is difficult to treat due to acquired resistance to available antibiotics is well known. In order to design specific inhibitors against one of the important enzymes, peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase from @entity3064 , we have determined its three-dimensional structure. Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (AbPth) is involved in recycling of peptidyl-tRNAs which are produced in the cell as a result of premature termination of translation process. We have also determined the structures of two complexes of AbPth with @entity3183 and @entity6683 . AbPth was cloned, expressed and crystallized in unbound and in two bound states with @entity3183 and @entity6683 . The binding studies carried out using fluorescence spectroscopic and surface plasmon resonance techniques revealed that both @entity3183 and @entity6683 bound to AbPth at nanomolar concentrations. The structure determinations of the complexes revealed that both ligands were located in the active site cleft of AbPth. The introduction of ligands to AbPth caused a significant widening of the entrance gate to the active site region and in the process of binding, it expelled several water molecules from the active site. As a result of interactions with protein atoms, the ligands caused conformational changes in several residues to attain the induced tight fittings. Such a binding capability of this protein makes it a versatile molecule for hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNAs having variable peptide sequences. These are the first studies that revealed the mode of inhibitor binding in Peptidyl-tRNA hydrolases which will facilitate the structure based ligand design.

title: The mode of inhibitor binding to peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase: binding studies and structure determination of unbound and bound peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3183 :: ('MESH:D003562', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidine']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In most cases of total hepatectomy (TH) required for @entity4177 ( @entity4177 ), the retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) has to be removed with the native liver for complete @entity5 excision. Because the liver graft procured by living donation has no IVC, a reconstruction of the recipient IVC is needed. We report our experience with living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) and IVC replacement in such cases. METHODS: Between May 1998 and December 1999, four @entity1 underwent TH, including IVC and LRLT with IVC replacement for otherwise irresectable @entity4177 after chemotherapy (SIOPEL 2 and 3 protocols). IVC reconstruction used an allogenic iliac vein procured from a cadaveric donor (bank graft) in two cases and an internal jugular vein procured from the donor parent in two cases. Median age and weight at surgery were 17 months (range 10-60) and 9.6 kg (range 8.3-17.9). RESULTS: In the living donors, there were two complications of the procurement: one intra-abdominal biliary collection and one @entity733 . In all four @entity1 , complete excision of the @entity5 could be achieved without any @entity532 . One @entity1 died 5 months after LRLT due to lung metastases. Three @entity1 were alive and well with no evidence of @entity5 recurrence 13-24 months after surgery. Reconstructed IVC was patent in two @entity1 , and asymptomatic @entity715 occurred 2 years after operation in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Total hepatectomy including the retrohepatic IVC is not a technical obstacle to LRLT. Therefore, scheduled surgery, at the best time after chemotherapy, can be considered in all @entity1 with otherwise irresectable HBs.

title: Living-related liver transplantation and vena cava reconstruction after total hepatectomy including the vena cava for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative complication']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous abscess']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['HB', 'hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['hepatoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Striae and folds are observed with a slitlamp biomicroscope in the @entity267 following overnight contact lens wear. These phenomena are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to employ confocal microscopy to observe and document these and other morphological changes in the @entity1 @entity267 following overnight contact lens wear. METHODS: Slitlamp biomicroscopy, slit-scanning confocal microscopy and ultrasonic pachometry were performed on both eyes of 13 subjects (3M, 10F, age 24 +/- 3 years) before and after eight hours overnight wear of a -3.00 D Bausch _ Lomb one day disposable soft contact lens (Dk/t = 15.1 x 10(-9) [cm/sec] x [ml O2/ml x mmHg]) in one eye; the other non-lens-wearing eye acted as a control. RESULTS: Following sleep, both corneas were swollen (lens-wearing eye 11.8 +/- 3.8 per cent; control eye 2.1 +/- 1.9 per cent) and the stroma of both corneas displayed an apparent reduction in keratocyte density (lens-wearing eye 21 per cent; control eye 10 per cent). Folds were observed with the slitlamp biomicroscope and long, straight, dark, orthogonal lines were observed with the confocal microscope, in the posterior stroma of the @entity735 . Such features were not observed in the control eyes. The keratocytes appeared less distinct with greater levels of @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The apparent loss of keratocytes following overnight lens wear is an optical artefact that can be explained in terms of @entity4 causing volumetric tissue expansion and a loss of optical clarity, which hampers keratocyte detection. These findings place the onus on researchers postulating a loss of stromal keratocytes following clinical interventions, such as contact lens wear, to account for the effects of @entity4 .

title: Confocal microscopic observations of the @entity1 XXXX following overnight contact lens wear.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['oedematous lens-wearing eyes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'corneal oedema']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinicopathologic factors influencing survival in @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 undergoing salvage chemotherapy. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on cases of metastatic @entity189 who underwent @entity900 -based salvage chemotherapy at our institution between April 2003 and July 2011. The association of various clinicopathologic factors with survival was assessed. Survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan-Meier method. A log-rank test for univariate analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis were used. RESULTS: Eighty-three cases were identified in the study. Among them, 64 @entity1 were dead during the follow-up. The median survival was 14.6 months. Multivariate analysis evaluating variables at the start of chemotherapy demonstrated that liver metastasis, performance status score >=  2 and leukocyte counts >=  8000/  l were significant predictive factors for poor outcome. Based on these three pre-induction variables, a risk model predicting the overall survival from the initiation of chemotherapy was constructed, which classified @entity1 into three groups with significantly different overall survival (P < 0.0001). Additionally, factors after induction of chemotherapy were studied, and poor response for chemotherapy and absence of focal treatment for metastatic lesions were also significantly associated with poorer survival. CONCLUSIONS: Liver metastasis, poor performance status and higher leukocyte counts were independent poor prognostic indicators for metastatic @entity189 . Our risk classification enables an accurate prediction of survival that can be useful in deciding which @entity1 are likely to benefit from salvage chemotherapy.

title: Prognostic factors for metastatic XXXX undergoing @entity900 -based salvage chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define the cognitive and physical attributes of regular social dancing so as to help establish its health benefits and help plan future dance interventions to prevent adverse outcomes in older adults such as falls, slow gait, and @entity303 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey with two-group comparison. SETTING: Bronx County, New York. @entity1 : Twenty-four cognitively normal @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) were compared with 84 age-, sex-, and education-matched @entity16557 ( @entity16557 ) participating in a community-based study. MEASUREMENTS: Motor and cognitive performance was assessed using validated clinical and quantitative methods. RESULTS: There were no differences in the frequency of participation in other cognitive and physical leisure activities, @entity102 , or falls between @entity6100 and @entity16557 . Cognitive test performance was not different between @entity6100 and @entity16557 . @entity6100 had better balance but not strength than @entity16557 . @entity6100 had a longer mean stride+/-standard deviation than @entity16557 (117.8+/-10.5 cm vs 103.4+/-20.2 cm, P=.008) on quantitative gait assessment, with a more stable pattern during walking with reduced stance time (63.9% vs 65.9%, P=.01), longer swing time (36.1% vs 34.1%, P=.01), and shorter double support time (27.9% vs 30.9%, P=.03). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that long-term social dancing may be associated with better balance and gait in older adults.

title: Cognitive and mobility profile of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['older social dancers', 'OSDs']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity16557 :: ('MESH:C536013', 'Disease') :: ['ONDs', 'older nondancers']

answer: @entity6100 :: (OMIM:300082,Disease) :: ['older social dancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The assessment of body composition (BC) in dialysis @entity1 is of clinical importance given its role in the diagnosis of @entity3147 and @entity6288 . Bioimpedance techniques routinely express BC as a 2-compartment (2-C) model distinguishing fat mass (FM) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), which may be influenced by the hydration of adipose tissue and fluid overload ( @entity2145 ). Recently, the BC monitor was introduced which applies a 3-compartment (3-C) model, distinguishing @entity2145 , adipose tissue mass, and lean tissue mass. The aim of this study was to compare BC between the 2-C and 3-C models and assess their relation with markers of functional performance (handgrip strength [HGS] and 4-m walking test), as well as with biochemical markers of nutrition. METHODS: Forty-seven dialysis @entity1 (30 males and 17 females) (35 hemodialysis, 12 peritoneal dialysis) with a mean age of 64.8      16.5  years were studied. 3-C BC was assessed by BC monitor, whereas the obtained resistivity values were used to calculate FM and @entity1386 according to the Xitron Hydra 4200 formulas, which are based on a 2-C model. RESULTS: @entity1386 (3-C) was 0.99  kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 1.71, P  =  .008) higher than @entity1386 (2-C). FM (3-C) was 2.43  kg (95% CI, 1.70-3.15, P  <  .001) lower than FM (2-C). @entity2145 was 1.4      1.8  L. @entity2145 correlated significantly with   @entity1386 ( @entity1386 3-C - @entity1386 2-C) (r  =  0.361; P  <  .05) and   FM (FM 3-C - FM 2-C) (r  =  0.387; P  =  .009). HGS correlated significantly with @entity1386 (2-C) (r  =  0.713; P  <  .001), @entity1386 (3-C) (r  =  0.711; P  <  .001), body cell mass (2-C) (r  =  0.733; P  <  .001), and body cell mass (3-C) (r  =  0.767; P  <  .001). Both physical activity (r  =  0.456; P  =  .004) and HGS (r  =  0.488; P  =  .002), but not BC, were significantly related to walking speed. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences between 2-C and 3-C models were observed, which are partly explained by the presence of @entity2145 . @entity2145 , which was related to   @entity1386 and   FM of the 2-C and 3-C models, is therefore an important parameter for the differences in estimation of BC parameters of the 2-C and 3-C models. Both @entity1386 (3-C) and @entity1386 (2-C) were significantly related to HGS. Bioimpedance, HGS, and the 4-m walking test may all be valuable tools in the multidimensional nutritional assessment of both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis @entity1 .

title: Body Composition in Dialysis XXXX : A Functional Assessment of Bioimpedance Using Different Prediction Models.

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'fat-free mass']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13359 ( @entity13359 ) is a severely pruritic form of reversible @entity1448 that is associated with significant fetal risks. Because precise diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines are lacking, we performed a retrospective investigation of dermatologic and biochemical features, treatment, and neonatal outcome in @entity1 with @entity13359 seen from 2000 through 2005 at a university-based dermatologic hospital in central Europe. OBSERVATIONS: The 13 observed cases of @entity13359 (11 @entity1 ) represented 6% of all pregnancy-associated dermatoses at our department. @entity13359 started at a mean+/-SD of 30+/-4 weeks' gestation, with @entity111 as the leading symptom, followed by @entity272 in 11 cases (85%). Total serum @entity6741 levels were markedly elevated in all @entity1 and correlated with @entity2241 . Only 10 cases (77%) had other liver function test result abnormalities. @entity147 occurred in 3 pregnancies (23%). In the 10 cases treated with @entity10055 , 3 (30%) involved preterm deliveries compared with a 100% preterm delivery rate in the cases not treated with @entity10055 . CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity111 with or without skin changes in the second half of pregnancy should alert the physician to the possibility of @entity13359 . Elevated total serum @entity6741 levels are the clue to diagnosis, which should be established as early as possible. Close obstetric surveillance and prompt treatment with @entity10055 are warranted.

title: The importance of serum @entity6741 level analysis and treatment with @entity10055 in intrahepatic XXXX of pregnancy: a case series from central Europe.

entities_list: @entity13359 :: ('MESH:C535932', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal distress']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['secondary skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['impaired fetal prognosis']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['cholestasis']


abstract: Irradiation of LBNF1 @entity35 testes induces arrest of spermatogonial differentiation, which can be reversed by suppression of @entity251 with @entity1176 antagonist treatment. The cause of the arrest is unknown. We investigated the time course and hormonal effects on radiation-induced arrest and changes in interstitial fluid volume. We postulated that the @entity4 evident in irradiated testes caused the differentiation blockade. @entity35 testes were irradiated with 3.5 or 6 Gy. Interstitial fluid @entity251 (IFT) increased between 2 and 6 wk after irradiation, followed by increased interstitial fluid volume at 6 wk and spermatogonial blockade at 8 wk. Additional @entity35 irradiated with 6 Gy were given @entity1176 antagonist, alone or with exogenous @entity251 , for 8 wk starting at 15 wk after irradiation. In @entity35 treated with @entity1176 antagonist, IFT started falling within 1 wk of treatment, followed by interstitial fluid volume decreases at wk 2 and 3, with recovery of spermatogenesis starting at wk 4. Addition of exogenous @entity251 largely blocked the effects of @entity1176 antagonist on IFT, interstitial fluid volume, and spermatogenesis. Thus the @entity4 was largely modulated by intratesticular @entity251 levels. The time course of changes in the spermatogonial blockade more closely followed that of the @entity4 than of IFT, indicating that @entity251 may block spermatogonial differentiation indirectly by producing @entity4 . This conclusion was further supported by an experiment in which irradiated @entity35 were treated with @entity1176 antagonist plus @entity172 ; the treatment further reduced IFT and interstitial fluid volume and reduced the time to initiation of recovery of spermatogonial differentiation. These results suggest that studies of the @entity4 process or composition of the fluid would help elucidate the mechanism of @entity1167 in toxicant-treated @entity35 .

title: @entity4 is associated with @entity1167 in irradiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'testicular edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogonial arrest']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In @entity1 with severe @entity490 , of pancreatic origin, there are a few with minimal or equivocal findings on pancreatic investigation and in whom the aetiology of their @entity660 is elusive. The findings and outcome in 16 of these @entity1 (four @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ) who underwent resection are reported. Pancreatic imaging showed minimal or equivocal findings in all 16; @entity788 was present in five. All were managed conservatively at first but resection was required for progression of symptoms. A drainage procedure was performed initially in five @entity1 but relief of @entity158 was at best transitory before further surgery was required. Partial resection was needed in 12, of whom eight required subsequent completion pancreatectomy and four had a one stage total resection. Nine @entity1 are currently @entity158 free after resection or are very much improved, while six are no better and one @entity1 has died from an unrelated cause. Histology of resected specimens showed chronic inflammatory changes accompanied by subtle non-inflammatory changes in all but one. These changes include duct proliferation, duct complex formation, adenomatous nodules, and acinar cell atrophy, the significance of which is unclear. These findings suggest a syndrome of minimal macroscopic and radiological change chronic @entity788 with @entity158 as its chief clinical feature and a distinct histology, the aetiology of which is unclear. It seems that there is a distinct syndrome of minimal change @entity788 , among the group of @entity1 which presents with the clinical features of chronic @entity788 .

title: Minimal change chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6759 and volatile anesthetics have myocardial pre-conditioning effects. beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists may inhibit the protective effect of volatile anesthetics. No information exists as to whether this also applies to the pre-conditioning effect of @entity6759 . We therefore investigated whether @entity6759 added to @entity1406 would demonstrate a cardioprotective effect. METHODS: Three groups of anesthetized open chest @entity1707 underwent 30 min of @entity741 and 90 min of reperfusion by temporary occlusion of the largest side branch from the circumflex artery or the left anterior descending artery. One group (CTRL) served as a control, in another group (BETA), a @entity1406 -loading dose was intravenously injected 30 min before @entity63 , and in a third group (BETA+L), a @entity6759 infusion was added to @entity1406 . Myocardial tissue concentrations of @entity413 , @entity653 , and @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio as the primary end-points were investigated with microdialysis in @entity63 and non- @entity63 tissues. RESULTS: At the end of the @entity63 period, statistically significant differences were only found between CTRL and BETA+L in the @entity63 , with a lower @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio, lower @entity653 , and higher @entity413 concentrations in BETA+L as compared with CTRL. There were no differences in non- @entity63 . From 10 to 90 min of reperfusion, no more differences were found between groups. CONCLUSION: The cardioprotective effect of @entity6759 on @entity63 metabolism with a reduction in the myocardial @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio, less @entity653 accumulation, and better preserved @entity413 concentration does not seem to be prevented by beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonism with @entity1406 .

title: @entity6759 cardioprotection in acutely beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocked open chest XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6759 :: ('MESH:C076731', 'Chemical') :: ['Levosimendan', 'levosimendan']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: We review the work of others in which the effects of circumscribed, topographically corresponding binocular @entity989 on the topographic organization of the visual cortex revealed that there is a substantial degree of topographical plasticity in the primary visual cortices of adult @entity468 and macaque monkeys. Despite the evidence indicating that the reorganization of the topographic map in primary visual cortices of adult @entity468 and macaques related to the input from one eye could be suppressed for a long time by inputs related to the other eye, we observed a substantial degree of topographical plasticity in the primary visual cortices of adult @entity468 in which we have made circumscribed monocular @entity989 . Overall, in both binocularly and monocularly lesioned adult animals, most cells recorded in the cortical projection zone of the @entity989 (LPZ), several hours, several weeks or several months after placement of the lesions exhibited 'ectopic' excitatory visual receptive fields (RFs) which were displaced to the normal retina in the immediate vicinity of the lesion. The presence of ectopic RFs in cells recorded in the cortical LPZ, combined with the presence of normal cortical representation of the part of the retina in the vicinity of the lesion, indicate a clear expansion of the cortical representation of the part of the retina surrounding the lesion. When stimulated via the ectopic RFs, cortical cells exhibited normal orientation tuning and in the case of animals with monocular lesions, the orientation tuning of binocular cells when stimulated via ectopic RFs appeared to be very similar to that when the cells were stimulated via the RFs in the normal, unlesioned eye. In both binocularly and monocularly lesioned animals, the responses evoked by optimal visual stimuli from the ectopic RFs were substantially weaker than those evoked from their normal counterparts. Similarly, upper velocity limits were significantly lower when visual stimuli were presented via the ectopic RFs. In contrast to @entity468 in which the @entity989 were made in adulthood, in @entity468 lesioned monocularly in adolescence (8-11 weeks postnatal), both the peak discharge rates and upper velocity limits of responses to photic stimuli presented via the ectopic RFs were very similar to those to stimuli presented via the normal eye. The intracortical mechanism(s) underlying the long-term cortical plasticity revealed by @entity989 are likely to be closely linked to the mechanism(s) underlying the short-term reversible enlargement of cortical receptive fields observed with artificial @entity1019 . Furthermore, a similar putative intracortical mechanism(s) appears to underlie psychophysical phenomena observed in studies of @entity2479 in @entity1 . Overall, the research reviewed here strongly challenges the view that receptive fields of neurons in @entity1 visual cortices are 'hard-wired'.

title: Cortical plasticity revealed by circumscribed XXXX or artificial @entity1019 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal scotomas']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal lesions', 'retinal lesion']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal lesions']


abstract: Forty six consecutive @entity1 with @entity356 were treated between 1970 and 1990. The proportion of cases of @entity356 increased significantly (p < 0.01) from 1% of all cases in the first five year period to 15% in the last five year period, because of greater awareness of the condition and more widespread use of endoscopy. There were 33 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 , of median age 69 years (range 38-86). Most @entity1 (91%) presented with symptoms indistinguishable from those of peptic ulceration. The median duration of symptoms was four months (range 0.1-36 months). All 46 @entity1 were treated surgically. Three @entity1 (6.5%) died after operation and a further 10 (22%) suffered @entity260 . None of the surviving @entity1 has been lost to follow up and 25 have been followed up for a minimum period of five years. Five year survival by life table analysis was 98%. These findings suggest that in Britain in the 1990s, as in Japan, it may be possible to diagnose an increasing proportion of @entity1 with @entity356 at a relatively early pathological stage, when most @entity1 can be cured by radical surgical resection with lymphadenectomy.

title: XXXX : 46 cases treated in one surgical department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'early gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Early gastric cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide further evidence of the reliability and validity of the ABNAS as a measure of @entity1 -perceived cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drug treatment. METHODS: The measure was developed specifically to assess @entity1 -perceived cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drug treatment. Evidence of its reliability and validity has been previously documented and this evidence has been further extended by administration of a battery of 400 questionnaires to two groups (200 @entity1 with @entity302 , PWE; and 200 controls who do not have @entity302 ). The questionnaire packs consisted of the ABNAS, HADS, the everyday memory questionnaire, and the Adverse Events Profile. Data were analysed using MAP-R and SPSS. RESULTS: Further evidence of the psychometric properties of the scale demonstrated that it had excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.96) and good face, congruent, content and construct validity. The sensitivity of the instrument was demonstrated through analysis of floor and ceiling levels. CONCLUSIONS: The ABNAS is a reliable, tool for the detection of @entity73 associated with @entity302 and its treatment. We have provided further evidence of its criterion validity. This measure has the potential to be a useful tool for both clinical practice and clinical trials.

title: The A-B neuropsychological assessment schedule (ABNAS): the further refinement of a @entity1 -based scale of XXXX -perceived cognitive functioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity347 are characterised by an @entity73 , and/or reduced vocal capacity, and/or laryngeal sensory disturbances, all in the absence of causal organic laryngeal pathology. Psychogenic causes, a " @entity458 ", and an increased tension of the laryngeal muscles are presumed to be one end of the spectrum of possible factors leading to the development of the disorder. In making a diagnosis, perceptive and acoustic methods for voice analysis are used in addition to the ENT-examination and the laryngostroboscopy. An assessment of the degree to which the @entity1 feels him/herself subjectively affected by the @entity1740 also plays an important role. If the history reveals any indication of psychosocial stress or conflict, the @entity1 is offered psychological consultations. These conflicts seem less often to be deep rooted psychopathological problems but rather daily anxieties, failures, injuries, annoyances, disappointments regarding the sufferer him/herself and others, the non-fulfillment of desires, feelings of inadequacy and of lack of self-confidence. The @entity1 may find it difficult to speak about conflicts and feelings, and they follow social conventions to an excessive extent. In frustrating situations @entity1 tend to react aggressively towards themselves rather than towards others and are too quick in seeking a solution to any problem that may arise. The role of the voice as a "barometer of emotion", where a disorder may be regarded as a sign of emotional stress, has to be taken into consideration before starting a therapy: If the @entity347 is obviously due to vocal misuse and muscle tension, a more symptom-orientated voice therapy may be favoured. If psychosocial stress seems to play a greater role, additional counseling may be necessary. Only by using this approach can the @entity1 be offered a therapy which goes into the causes and thereby addresses the whole @entity1 .

title: Stress and distress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired voice sound']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disequilibrium']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice disorder']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['Non-organic voice disorders', 'non-organic voice disorder']

answer: @entity347 :: (MESH:D019965,Disease) :: ['non-organic voice disorder']


abstract: Aggressive encounters of previously isolated individuals were investigated in dyads and groups of five. Fights were longer and more intense when they were performed in dyads compared to fights involving five fishes. During @entity146 encounters, an elevation in @entity1735 catabolism was noticed in both dyads and groups. Losing a fight resulted in a reduction in glycogen content and an increase in glycogen synthesis. Similar changes in winners did not appear; thus, the metabolic response in losers was different from that noticed in winners, both in dyads and groups. In dyadic contest winners, a marked increase in the free @entity413 content and @entity413 consumption was noticed (without changes in losers). In groups, free @entity413 content of the winners was not modified, while @entity413 consumption was enhanced both in winners and losers. Thus, the differences existing between winners and losers were greater in dyads compared to those noticed in groups. The energy cost of @entity146 seems to be different in dyads compared to groups of five. The rate of @entity413 oxidation was strongly reduced in dyads (there were no differences between winners and losers in this respect), while in groups, this parameter was not modified.

title: Group size modifies the patterns and muscle @entity1735 effects of XXXX in Betta splendens.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive', 'aggression']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggression']


abstract: AIMS: Direct @entity916 inhibitors provide an alternative approach to inhibiting the @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) at the most proximal, specific, and rate-limiting step. We tested the hypothesis that direct @entity916 inhibition would attenuate left ventricular remodelling in @entity1 following acute @entity583 receiving stable, individually optimized therapy, including another inhibitor of the RAAS. METHODS AND RESULTS: We randomly assigned 820 @entity1 between    2 and 8 weeks following acute @entity583 , with the @entity1002 ( @entity1002 )  <=45%, and regional wall motion abnormalities (>= 20% @entity2845 area), to receive aliskiren (n = 423), titrated to 300 mg, or matched placebo (n = 397), added to the standard therapy. All @entity1 were required to be on a stable dose of an ACE-inhibitor or ARB, and beta-blocker unless contraindicated or not tolerated. Echocardiograms were obtained at baseline, and following 26-36 weeks of treatment. The primary endpoint was change in left ventricular end-systolic volume from baseline to 36 weeks, and was evaluable in 329 @entity1 in the placebo group and 343 @entity1 in the aliskiren group. We observed no difference in the primary endpoint of end-systolic volume change between @entity1 randomized to aliskiren (-4.4    16.8 mL) or placebo (-3.5    16.3 mL), or in secondary measures of end-diastolic volume, or @entity1002 . We also observed no differences in a composite endpoint of @entity65 , hospitalization for @entity712 , or reduction in @entity1002 >6 points. There were more investigator reported adverse events in the aliskiren group, including @entity551 , increases in @entity1011 and hyperkalaemia. CONCLUSION: Adding the direct @entity916 inhibitor aliskiren to the standard therapy, including an inhibitor of the RAAS, in high-risk post-MI @entity1 did not result in further attenuation of left ventricular remodelling, and was associated with more adverse effects. These findings do not suggest that dual RAAS blockade with aliskiren would provide additional benefit in these high-risk post-MI @entity1 .

title: Effect of the direct @entity916 inhibitor aliskiren on left ventricular remodelling following XXXX with systolic dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Tracheostomies are currently used for airway management in @entity1 requiring long-term respiratory assistance. The dilatational percutaneous technique of forming tracheostomies is a valuable alternative to traditional surgical 'open' techniques. In this study, we tested a new dilatational percutaneous tracheostomy device using a balloon dilator with a particular innovative shape (G-Trach). At the Autonomous University of Barcelona Veterinary Institute, eight @entity1707 (weighing 20-40 kg) were anaesthetised and underwent tracheostomy using the novel G-Trach technique. The mean (SD) procedure time was 2.63 (0.64) min from tracheal puncture to ventilation through the tracheostomy tube, and the mean (SD) time from positioning the dilator balloon to introducing the cannula was 0.71 (0.38) min. Vital functions and @entity26 saturation remained constant throughout the procedures. Postmortem examinations did not reveal any @entity130 . The G-Trach seems to be a safe and easy new dilatational percutaneous technique for forming tracheostomies. The minimal subcutaneous tissue dissection could potentially decrease complications when compared with standard dilatational percutaneous tracheostomy methods. To confirm this hypothesis a @entity1 trial is ongoing.

title: A new technique for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (G-Trach): preliminary experience in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal injury']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']