abstract: BACKGROUND: The main aims of this paper are to describe the setting and design of a Minimal Intervention in general practice for Stress-related @entity146 in @entity1 on Sick leave (MISS), as well as to ascertain the study complies with the requirements for a cluster @entity23 ( @entity23 ). The potential adverse consequences of sick leave due to @entity146 ( @entity146 ) are extensive, but often not recognised. Since most @entity1 having @entity146 with sick leave consult their general practitioner (GP) at an early stage, a tailored intervention given by GPs is justified. We provide a detailed description of the MISS; that is more accurate assessment, education, advice and monitoring to treat @entity146 in @entity1 on sick leave. Our hypothesis is that the MISS will be more effective compared to the usual care, in reducing days of sick leave of these @entity1 . METHODS: The design is a pragmatic @entity23 . Randomisation is at the level of GPs. They received the MISS-training versus no training, in order to compare the MISS vs. usual care at @entity1 level. Enrollment of @entity1 took place after screening in the source population, that comprised 20-60 year old primary care attendees. Inclusion criteria were: moderately elevated distress levels, having a paid job and sick leave for no longer than three months. There is a one year follow up. The primary outcome measure is lasting full return to work. Reduction of @entity1109 is one of the secondary outcome measures. Forty-six GPs and 433 @entity1 agreed to participate. DISCUSSION: In our study design, attention is given to the practical application of the requirements for a pragmatic trial. The results of this cluster @entity23 will add to the evidence about treatment options in general practice for @entity146 in @entity1 on sick leave, and might contribute to a new and appropriate guideline. These results will be available at the end of 2006.

title: Effectiveness of a Minimal Intervention for Stress-related @entity146 with Sick leave (MISS); study protocol of a cluster XXXX in general practice [ISRCTN43779641].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomised controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['SMD- symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'SMDs', 'Stress-related Mental Disorders']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['randomised controlled trial']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of @entity189 arising in @entity35187 of the breast. METHODS: Morphological observation and immunohistochemistry using MaxVision method were performed in fifty-four cases of @entity189 arising from @entity35187 of the breast from January 2003 to February 2014. RESULTS: Thirty-eight cases of @entity189 arose from @entity1557 . Twelve cases were classical @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ). Twenty-one cases were @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ), including four cases of low-grade, ten cases of intermediate-grade, six cases of high-grade and one case of apocrine. One case was mixed @entity3821 and @entity1137 . Three cases were @entity513 ( @entity513 ) accompanied with @entity3821 . One case was spindle cell @entity189 . Sixteen cases arose from phyllodes @entity5 . Six cases arose from @entity5 , including four cases of @entity3821 , one case of high-grade @entity3821 , and one case of classical @entity1137 with micro-invasion (diameter 0.9 mm). Three cases arose from @entity5 , including one case of classical @entity1137 , one case of intermediate-grade @entity3821 , and one case of @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ) with @entity1137 . Seven cases arose from @entity5 , including two cases each of @entity3821 and intermediate-grade @entity3821 , one case of high-grade @entity3821 , one case of apocrine @entity3821 , and one case of mixed @entity513 with @entity3821 . By immunohistochemistry, @entity1137 and @entity1137 were diffusely positive for ER and PR. @entity3821 was diffusely positive for ER and PR ( > 90%), intermediate-grade @entity3821 was 70%-90% positive, high-grade @entity3821 was negative for ER and 20%-30% positive for PR, apocrine @entity3821 was both negative, and @entity513 was 40%-90% positive. The spindle cell @entity189 was negative for ER and PR, but showed diffuse or scattered positivity for @entity4205 and @entity4206 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity189 arising from @entity35187 of the breast are rare, showing unusual clinical presentation, and are characterized by in situ or invasive @entity189 in a background of @entity35187 . The accurate diagnosis depends on the recognition of the background @entity35187 and assessment of the nature of the epithelial proliferation, supplemented by immunohistochemistry when necessary.

title: [Clinicopathologic observation of @entity189 arising in XXXX of the breast].

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma in situ', 'LCIS', 'invasive lobular carcinoma', 'ILC']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['DCIS', 'Low-grade DCIS', 'ductal carcinoma in situ', 'low-grade DCIS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['borderline phyllodes tumours', 'tumours', 'malignant phyllodes tumours', 'benign phyllodes tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'metaplastic carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'Carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating ductal carcinoma', 'IDC']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity35187 :: ('MESH:D018225', 'Disease') :: ['fibroepithelial neoplasms']

answer: @entity35187 :: (MESH:D018225,Disease) :: ['fibroepithelial neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity79 ( @entity79 ), as an indicator of cumulative @entity172 exposure, may be reduced in female @entity1 with @entity914 (van der Leeuw et al., 2013), possibly reflecting reduced cerebral exposure to @entity172 and alterations in neuroprotective effects. To the degree that @entity79 is a marker of cumulative (endogenous) @entity172 exposure, we hypothesized that @entity79 would be positively associated with cerebral gray and white matter indices. METHODS: Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and magnetic resonance (MRI) scans were acquired in fourteen female @entity1 diagnosed with a @entity914 . @entity79 was expressed in total @entity79 (g/cm(2)), Z- and T-scores. Cerebral @entity121 ( @entity121 ) (as indicator of gray matter status) and fractional anisotropy (FA) (as indicator of white matter integrity) were measured and served as the dependent variables in multilevel random regression models. @entity79 measures were the independent variables. RESULTS: Femoral @entity79 measures were positively associated with @entity121 at trend significance (total @entity79 : B=0.266, 95% CI: -0.019-0.552, p=0.067; Z-score: B=0.034, 95% CI: 0.001-0.067, p=0.046; T-score: B=0.034, 95% CI: 0.000-0.068, p=0.052). There were no significant associations between femoral @entity79 measures and FA. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that in @entity1 with @entity914 , alterations in the neuroprotective effect of @entity172 (as measured by @entity79 ) impact cortical gray matter, but not white matter integrity. These findings merit further investigation and, if replicated, would lend support to the @entity172 hypothesis of @entity161 .

title: Testing the @entity172 hypothesis of @entity161 : associations between cumulative XXXX exposure and cerebral structural measures.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['cortical thickness', 'CT']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this case report, we describe a predisposed renal transplant @entity1 who developed @entity15168 with cellular and collapsing features after @entity3446 exposure and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms. CASE REPORT: A 35-year old African American female with end stage @entity8 due to @entity1988 received a living related renal transplant from a brother. She had immediate function achieved serum @entity1011 level of 1.7 mg/dl post day 4. Following a slow rise in the @entity1011 , first renal allograft biopsy performed on post op day 14 that showed @entity9818 ( @entity9818 ) involving arterioles and glomerular capillaries without any sign of rejection. The serological work up was negative for donor specific and antiphospholipid antibodies. The @entity9818 was attributed to @entity1140 which was subsequently discontinued. It was replaced with @entity3446 with loading dose of 10mg once and then 5 mg daily maintenance dose at day 21. At day 35, the @entity1 was noted to have @entity1985 range @entity644 , 12 gm/24 hrs. A second renal biopsy performed that revealed de novo @entity628 with cellular and collapsing features, mild @entity631 with immunoflourescence consistent with early recurrence of @entity1988 ISN/RPS class 2. The etiology of cellular and collapsing @entity15168 was thought to be related to @entity3446 based on timing of exposure and negative work up for secondary causes of collapsing @entity15168 . @entity3446 was switched to @entity205 . At day 105, @entity644 decreased to 1.6 grams/day and serum @entity1011 leveled off 1.6 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of possible @entity3446 -induced collapsing @entity15168 in a renal transplant recipient who may have been predisposed to develop a podocytopathy possibly due to @entity9818 and altered @entity8587 expression resulting from m- @entity9908 exposure.

title: Collapsing XXXX in a renal transplant recipient: potential molecular mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerulopathy']


abstract: The key 'statin trials' focussed on the beneficial effect of lowering the circulating concentrations of low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL). However, epidemiological surveys, mainly based on healthy populations, indicate that other lipid-related variables, such as high-density @entity165 (HDL), @entity1674 (TG), dense LDL subfraction distribution, and possibly lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), are also predictors of vascular events. Furthermore, TG and HDL levels influenced outcome within some of the statin trials. Plasma @entity2002 levels have also been shown to be powerful predictors of vascular risk in healthy subjects and @entity1 with established @entity299 . The fibrates exert beneficial effects on all these variables that predict vascular events. The results from recent trials, the @entity10569 Infarction Prevention (BIP) study and the @entity9680 ( @entity9680 ) have revived our interest in fibrates. These trials involved @entity10569 and @entity8445 that have a relatively poor LDL-lowering capacity. Therefore, the benefits reported in BIP and @entity9680 must be attributed to actions on variables other than a reduction in LDL quantity. @entity17544 and @entity3724 have significantly greater LDL-lowering capacity than @entity10569 or @entity8445 . This advantage may render them more effective, especially since they retain the additional beneficial actions associated with this class of lipid-lowering drugs.

title: Treatment of dyslipidaemias in XXXX with established vascular disease: a revival of the fibrates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['VA-HIT', 'Veterans Administration HDL Intervention Trial']

entities_list: @entity17544 :: ('MESH:C019304', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofibrate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity10569 :: ('MESH:D001629', 'Chemical') :: ['bezafibrate', 'Bezafibrate']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['gemfibrozil']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In this study, we introduced a length-normalized parameterization method to establish anatomical correspondence of white matter fiber tracts across subjects and applied this method to investigate the presence of abnormal diffusion along the pyramidal tract (PYT) of relapsing @entity1652 (RNMO) @entity1 without visible @entity75 . In this approach, the part of the PYT between the lowest slice of the cerebral peduncle and the uppermost slice of the lateral ventricle was reconstructed to establish the anatomical correspondence across subjects using diffusion tensor tractography. Then it was parameterized by normalizing its length and dividing equally the normalized length into a certain number of segments, so that the comparability of each segment across subjects along the PYT was established. Tract-specific diffusion indices, including directionally averaged diffusivity (D(av)), fractional anisotropy (FA), primary diffusivity (lambda(1)) and transverse diffusivity (lambda(23)), were obtained from each segment. Thus, the distribution maps of these indices along the PYT were obtained. The distribution maps of D(av), FA, and lambda(23) of RNMO @entity1 were significantly different from those of healthy controls, especially in the lower part of the PYT. The differences may be caused by @entity75 in the spinal cord. In conclusion, a length-normalized parameterization method is proposed to establish anatomical correspondence for the PYT. Compared with existed methods, a major merit of our method is to provide comparability across subjects along the PYT on the basis of diffusion tensor tractography and to make it possible for the quantitative analysis along the fiber tract. This method can also be used to quantitatively analyze other white matter fiber tracts between two definite anatomic landmarks in many neurological or @entity146 diseases.

title: Quantitative analysis along the pyramidal tract by length-normalized parameterization based on diffusion tensor tractography: application to @entity1 with relapsing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions', 'secondary degeneration to lesions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring techniques for @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) are evolving over time, and the specific type of EEG utilized could influence @entity410 diagnosis and management. We examined whether the type of EEG performed affected @entity410 treatment decisions (e.g., the choice and number of antiseizure drugs [ASDs]) in therapeutic @entity2332 -treated neonates with HI from 2007 to 2015 in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. During this period, 3 different EEG monitoring protocols were utilized: Period 1 (2007-2009), single, brief conventional EEG (1 h duration) at a variable time during therapeutic @entity2332 treatment, i.e., ordered when a @entity410 was suspected; Period 2 (2009-2013), single, brief conventional EEG followed by amplitude-integrated EEG for the duration of therapeutic @entity2332 treatment and another brief conventional EEG after rewarming; and Period 3 (2014-2015), continuous video-EEG (cEEG) for the duration of therapeutic @entity2332 treatment (72 h) plus for an additional 12 h during and after rewarming. One hundred and sixty-two newborns were included in this retrospective cohort study. As a function of the type and duration of EEG monitoring, we assessed the risk (likelihood) of receiving no @entity2438 , at least 1 @entity2438 , or >= 2 ASDs. We found that the risk of a neonate being prescribed an @entity2438 was 46% less during Period 3 (cEEG) than during Period 1 (brief conventional EEG only) (95% CI 6-69%, p = 0.03). After adjusting for initial EEG and MRI results, compared with Period 1, there was a 38% lower risk of receiving an @entity2438 during Period 2 (95% CI: 9-58%, p = 0.02) and a 67% lower risk during Period 3 (95% CI: 23-86%, p = 0.01). The risk ratio of receiving >= 2 ASDs was not significantly different across the 3 periods. In conclusion, in addition to the higher sensitivity and specificity of continuous video-EEG monitoring, fewer infants are prescribed an @entity2438 when undergoing continuous forms of EEG monitoring (aEEG or cEEG) than those receiving conventional EEG. We recommend that use of continuous video-EEG be considered whenever possible, both to treat @entity410 more specifically and to avoid overtreatment.

title: EEG Monitoring Technique Influences the Management of XXXX in Neonates Undergoing Therapeutic @entity2332 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Hypoxic-Ischemic Seizures']


abstract: It is admitted that only complete @entity5 clearance with negative surgical margins provides benefit for @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity5 . For @entity157 , since micrometastases disseminate via portal venous branches, anatomic resection is preferred over non-anatomic resection in liver resection carried out with curative intent. Thus, an anatomic liver resection with a wider resection margin theoretically gives a higher potential for cure. However, preserving @entity96 parenchyma is an important consideration, especially in cirrhotic liver resection to decrease the incidence of @entity1578 . The optimal liver resection margin is still controversial. It seems that a resection margin of 2 cm is associated with a decreased postoperative recurrence rate and improved survival outcomes especially for @entity157 <or= 2 cm. Due to the unsatisfying alternatives in the medical and interventional treatment of @entity1419 , hepatic resection, whenever technically possible, should be enforced. Expected narrow hepatic resection margins should not exclude @entity1 from potentially curative surgery, and should not be used as a reason to establish palliative treatment instead since R1 resection is compatible with long-term survival. Aggressive hepatic surgery could and should therefore be performed if the peri-operative mortality is low. For @entity201 , @entity954 has been shown in multivariate analyses of multiples studies to be the only parameter with a significant impact on survival. Extended right-side hepatectomies seems to give the best oncologic results. A predicted margin of < 1 cm after resection of hepatic colorectal metastases should not be used as an exclusion criterion for resection and will not impair @entity1 ' prognosis. Resection should be performed whatever the width of the surgical margin, rather than not performing the resection at all.

title: [Surgical margin status in hepatectomy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['non-tumorous liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hepatobiliary malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative liver failure']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical radicality']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pathologists' contribution in the determination of prognosis in invasive @entity957 is crucial. The @entity2802 staging system is based on the identification of pathological data. There are multiple pathologically based factors believed to be important in relation to the rates of regional inguinal lymph node and specific @entity5 . Among them are @entity5 site, size, histological subtypes, thickness or anatomical level of invasion, @entity5 front, and vascular or perineural invasion. The identification of these factors determines the prognostic profile of @entity1 with @entity5 . These factors are used for the construction of pathological risk groups, prognostic index, or nomograms and are helpful in the prediction of nodal @entity3 or @entity1 ' outcome. This review will describe in detail the influential pathological prognostic factors present in each @entity5 category emphasizing the impact of especial histological subtypes in @entity5 spread and final outcome. There are few studies comprehensibly addressing the relation of @entity5 morphology and prognosis according to histological types. We are summarizing findings of prognostic factors in 3 different series for the most common types and individual series in more recently described @entity5 entities. We had found a broad correlation of special subtypes of @entity957 that made regional nodal status and final outcome predictable according to histological features of the @entity5 . These findings permitted grouping special subtypes of @entity957 into prognosis risk groups of low, intermediate, and high. In the first category of excellent prognoses are the usual grade I, verrucous, papillary NOS, @entity189 . In the second group, there are the grade II usual, @entity189 . The third category of @entity5 , with the worst prognosis is composed of high grade usual, basaloid, warty-basaloid, papillary basaloid, and @entity189 . We found that subtyping of @entity957 is important to determine risk for nodal @entity3 and @entity1 ' survival.

title: Pathological factors, behavior, and histological prognostic risk groups in subtypes of XXXX ( @entity957 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'penile cancer', 'cancer death', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['penile squamous cell carcinomas', 'penile squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mixed and warty carcinomas', 'sarcomatoid carcinomas', 'pseudohyperplastic and cuniculatum carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['penile squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: No serological cut-off exists to separate @entity3214 ( @entity3214 ) and @entity1375 ( @entity1375 ). The objective of this retrospective study was to propose such a cut-off. The first @entity1 group comprised 52 @entity1 from the age of six to twenty years. This group consisted of @entity1 of 36 @entity1278 with @entity3214 and 16 @entity1375 . The second @entity1 groups comprised 229 @entity1 of all the same range of ages at the same hospital and included @entity3214 (n = 58) and @entity1375 (n = 4) @entity1 , respectively. The third group of @entity1 comprised 125 @entity3214 and 27 @entity1375 @entity1 at the same hospital at all ages less than eighteen years. The last group of @entity1 comprised 10 @entity1375 @entity1 from the other two hospitals. The main outcome measure was fT3/fT4 ratio (pg/mL, ng/dL respectively). This ratio in the first group was significantly different (p < 0.05) between @entity3214 and @entity1375 . When the cut off value of fT3/fT4 was set as 2.0, the sensitivity of the @entity3214 and @entity1375 @entity1 in the second group was 62% and 100%, respectively. This cut-off value of 2.0 was useful for distinguishing @entity3214 from @entity1375 only above the age of two years, as shown in the third group. The fT3/fT4 in 10 subjects with @entity1375 in the last group, aged 2 to 7 years, ranged from 2.55 to 7.71. In conclusion, fT3/fT4 less than 2.0 suggests @entity3214 rather than @entity1375 for @entity1 from the age of two to eighteen years.

title: Free T3 to free T4 ratio less than 2.0 suggests XXXX rather than @entity1375 from the age of two to eighteen years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['central hypothyroidism', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['low T3 syndrome', 'LT']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity3214 :: (MESH:D005067,Disease) :: ['low T3 syndrome']


abstract: Immunization with @entity16451 membranes containing major surface proteins (MSPs) induces protective immunity against @entity922 (N. Tebele, T. C. McGuire, and G. H. Palmer, Infect. Immun. 59:3199-3204, 1991). For use in design of a recombinant antigen subunit vaccine for A. marginale, intermolecular relationships of known A. marginale MSPs were analyzed. Under nonreducing conditions, MSP-2 and MSP-5 occur as multimers. A large (> 300-kDa-molecular-mass), nonreduced protein complex contained MSP-1a linked by @entity1520 bonds to MSP-1b and by noncovalent bonds to MSP-5. MSP-2 was also noncovalently bound to this complex. The nearest neighbor membrane proteins were identified by cross-linking reactions followed by immunoblotting with anti-MSP antibodies. A cross-linked aggregate retained in the stacking gel contained MSP-1a, MSP-1b, MSP-2, MSP-3, MSP-4, and MSP-5. Collectively, the data indicate that MSP-2 and MSP-5 occur as monomers and @entity1520 -bonded multimers. The MSP-1 complex occurs as both @entity1520 -bonded and noncovalently associated MSP-1 and MSP-1b, and MSP-2 and MSP-5 are noncovalently associated with MSP-1. Also, MSP-1, MSP-2, MSP-3, and MSP-4 are nearest neighbors, and MSP-5 is noncovalently associated with this cross-linked complex.

title: Intermolecular relationships of major surface proteins of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity16451 :: ('770', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma marginale']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical disease']

answer: @entity16451 :: (770,Species) :: ['Anaplasma marginale']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A range of behavioral and psychosocial factors may contribute to a chronically stimulated @entity2339 and subsequently altered diurnal patterns. The goal of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations among diurnal @entity701 levels, perceived stress, and @entity28 patterns. METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 (aged 24-72 years) employed in a rural public school system completed the perceived stress scale, collected diurnal saliva samples, and underwent anthropometric assessments. Reduced peak-to-nadir @entity701 values across the day were considered a sign of @entity73 . A series of linear regression models determined the best predictors of diurnal @entity701 variation. RESULTS: There was a marginal linear trend in stress levels across body mass index (BMI) categories, with @entity28 @entity1 reporting the highest levels of stress (p = 0.07). Perceived stress was the only significant predictor of the degree of flattening of the diurnal @entity701 curve in the sample as a whole (beta = -0.042, R(2) = 0.11, F = 8.6, p = 0.005), indicating reduction in the normal diurnal pattern. Among overweight @entity1 (BMI = 25-29.9 kg/m(2)), stress and waist circumference combined predicted 35% of the variability in diurnal @entity701 . In contrast, among @entity28 @entity1 (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)), BMI predicted 31% of the variability in diurnal @entity701 (F = 13.8, p = 0.001), but stress was no longer significantly related to diurnal @entity701 . CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress predicts a significant portion of @entity2339 functioning. In overweight @entity1 , perceived stress and waist circumference were of approximately equal importance in predicting adrenal @entity701 secretion. However, among @entity28 @entity1 , a major portion of the diurnal @entity701 variation was predicted by BMI alone, not stress or waist circumference. This may help elucidate the mechanisms linking @entity28 to increased risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ).

title: @entity2339 function: relative contributions of perceived stress and @entity28 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in HPA function']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is defined as @entity158 that originates from myofascial trigger points in skeletal muscle. It is prevalent in regional @entity4512 syndromes, either alone or in combination with other @entity158 generators. The @entity158 syndrome is one of the largest groups of under-diagnosed and under-treated medical problems encountered in clinical practice. Trigger points are commonly seen in @entity1 with @entity158 that can be responsible for localized @entity158 in the affected muscles as well as @entity158 patterns. Correct needle placement in a myofascial trigger point is vital to prevent complications and improve efficacy of the trigger point injection to help reduce or relieve @entity158 . In the @entity28 @entity1 , these injections may not reach the target tissue. In the cervicothoracic spine, a misguided or misplaced injection can result in a pneumothorax. Here, we review an electromyographically guided trigger point injection technique to avoid this potential pitfall. METHODS: Using a disposable Teflon coated hypodermic injection needle attached to an electromyography (EMG) machine, a trigger point injection can be performed utilizing electromyographic guidance. This guidance by observing motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) on the EMG screen helps confirm the needle placement to be within the muscle tissue and not in an adipose tissue or any other non-musculature structure. RESULTS: The technique is simple when performed by a @entity158 management specialist who has electromyographic training. CONCLUSION: This technique helps confirm proper needle placement within the cervicothoracic musculature in an @entity28 @entity1 in whom the musculature is not readily palpated. This, thus, reduces the potential for a pneumothorax by an improperly placed injection.

title: Electromyographically guided trigger point injections in the cervicothoracic musculature of XXXX @entity1 : a new and unreported technique.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain', 'Myofascial pain', 'referred pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radionuclide imaging modalities have increasingly been evaluated in the assessment of organ involvement in @entity370 . Fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT) scanning has received increasing attention in the recent years. The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of FDG-PET-CT in determining the extent of organ involvement and disease activity in @entity1 of @entity370 and to assess its utility in the evaluation of response to therapy. The secondary objective was to compare the agreement between clinical, radiological (HRCT) and metabolic indices (FDG-PET-CT) of disease activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective observational study conducted between March 2007 and December 2008 at a tertiary care referral center in north India. Twenty-five symptomatic and histopathologically proven cases of @entity370 underwent FDG-PET-CT scanning at baseline and a follow-up scan in 21 @entity1 at 6-9 months post-treatment with glucocorticoids. RESULTS: FDG-PET-CT scan detected metabolic disease activity in 24 of the 25 @entity1 with clinically active @entity370 . It also demonstrated many clinically inapparent sites of disease activity. Complete or partial metabolic response was seen in 17 of the 21 @entity1 in whom a follow-up scan was available. Substantial degree of agreement was found between the metabolic response and the radiological response, whereas moderate agreement was found between clinical and metabolic responses. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET-CT scanning is a useful imaging modality to assess disease activity, extent of disease involvement and response to treatment in clinically active @entity370 . There is substantial agreement between the HRCT and metabolic parameters of disease activity. Further, large sample size studies are proposed in order to identify the subset of @entity1 who are likely to benefit the most from this sensitive modality of imaging, especially in developing countries where the cost of the procedure is an important concern.

title: Utility of FDG-PET-CT scanning in assessing the extent of disease activity and response to treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: A home-made combustion and sampling apparatus was used to burn green leaves under flaming and smoldering conditions and to collect the smoke generated. The smoke was measured with Organic/Elemental @entity505 (OC/EC) Analyzer using IMPROVE thermal-optical reflectance (TOR) method, to investigate the mass fractions and the distribution of OC, EC and eight @entity505 fractions in foliar smoke. The results showed that in smoldering condition, the mean OC, EC mass fractions of ten foliar smokes were 48.9% and 4.5%, respectively. The mean mass fraction of char-EC ( @entity42660 - POC) was 4.4%. The average emission factors (EF) of particulate matters, OC and EC in smoldering foliar smoke were 102.4 g x kg(-1), 50.0 g x kg(-1) and 4.7 g x kg(-1), respectively. The mean ratios of OC/EC, OC1/ @entity35958 and char-EC/soot-EC ( @entity42660 - POC/ @entity44368 + EC3) in this condition were 11.5, 1.9 and 48.1, respectively. For the foliar smoke emitted in flaming condition, the mean mass fractions of OC, EC and char-EC were 44.9%, 10.9% and 10.7%, respectively. The average EF of PM, OC and EC in flaming smoke were 59.2 g x kg(-1), 26.6 g x kg(-1) and 6.0 g x kg(-1). And the three ratios mentioned above in this condition were 4.8, 1.1 and 133.0, respectively. In conclusion, foliar smoke had higher OC1 mass fractions and OC1/ @entity35958 values in smoldering condition. While flaming foliar smoke had higher char-EC mass fractions and char-EC/soot-EC values. The compositions of OC, EC in foliar smoke varied between different tree species and different combustion conditions. The composition was also obviously different from those of other biomass smoke.

title: [Organic and element XXXX in foliar smoke].

entities_list: @entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon', 'Carbon']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Narcotics are routinely used to decrease @entity282 after laparotomy. But they are associated with unwarranted side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of local perfusion of @entity1341 in @entity1907 after midline laparotomy. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a prospective, randomized, double blind study involving @entity1 who underwent a midline laparotomy with subsequent wound closure. @entity1 were randomized to receive a 72-hour continuous wound perfusion through the ON-Q @entity158 management system (I Flow Corporation) of the local anesthetic @entity1341 (0.5%, study group) or 0.9% @entity1219 (control group). In addition, all @entity1 received standardized intraoperative analgesia and postoperative morphine @entity1 -controlled analgesia. Total postoperative analgesic requirement, @entity158 control, recovery of bowel function, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Seventy @entity1 were recruited: 35 in the study group (mean age, 55.7 years) and 35 in the control group (mean age, 58.8 years). There was no difference in overall @entity282 scores. @entity1 in the study group reported earlier ambulation as compared with the control group. Mean (+/-SD) daily narcotic requirements were significantly less in the study group versus the control group (33.7+/-32 mg versus 60.1+/-62 mg, respectively; p=0.03). @entity1 in the study group made 50% fewer attempts to receive @entity1 -controlled analgesia (p=0.011). But there was no significant difference in length of hospitalization or time to first bowel movement. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary pilot study revealed that the ON-Q @entity158 management system after midline laparotomy, as part of a multimodal approach, is an effective approach to @entity282 control.

title: Use of the ON-Q XXXX management system is associated with decreased postoperative analgesic requirement: double blind randomized placebo pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['decreasing narcotic consumption']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Past studies have identified surgeon- and institution- related characteristics as prognostic factors in @entity14 surgery. The present work assesses the influence of the surgeon's and the hospital's caseload on long-term results of @entity14 surgery. METHODS: The data on 2706 @entity1 from 2, randomized, @entity14 trials (Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research [SAKK] 40/81, SAKK 40/87) investigating adjuvant intraportal and systemic chemotherapy and 1 concurrent registration study (SAKK 40/88) were reviewed. A first analysis included 1809 eligible, nonmetastatic @entity1 from all 3 studies. A subsequent subgroup analysis included 915 eligible @entity1 from both randomized trials. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), disease-free survival (DFS), and local recurrence (LR) were analyzed in multivariate models taking into account the possible effect of clustering. The main potential covariates were surgeon's annual caseload (>5 operations/year vs < or =5 operations/year), hospital's annual caseload (>26 operations/year vs < or =26 operations/year), @entity5 site, T stage, and nodal status. RESULTS: Primary analysis of all 3 studies combined found a high surgeon's caseload to be positively associated with @entity1349 (P = .025) and marginally with DFS (P = .058). Separate analysis for each trial, however, showed that a high surgeon's caseload was beneficial for outcome in both randomized trials but not in the registration study. A subgroup analysis of 915 @entity1 with 376 rectal and 539 colonic primaries from both randomized trials, therefore, was performed. Neither age, gender, year of operation, adjuvant chemotherapy (intraportal vs systemic vs operation alone), hospital academic status (university vs non-university), training status of the surgeon (certified surgeon vs surgeon-in-training), nor inclusion in 1 of the 2 randomized trials (SAKK 40/81 vs SAKK 40/87) was a significant predictor of outcome. However, both high surgeon's and high hospital's annual caseloads were independent, beneficial prognostic factors for @entity1349 (P = .0003, P = .044) and DFS (P = .0008, P = .020), and marginally significant factors for LR (P = .057, P = .055). CONCLUSIONS: High surgeon's and hospital's annual caseloads are strong, independent prognostic factors for extending overall and disease-free survival and reducing the rate of local recurrence in 2 randomized @entity14 trials.

title: The influence of the surgeon's and the hospital's caseload on survival and local recurrence after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Epidemiologic and experimental evidence suggests that exposure to acidic aerosols may affect @entity1 health. Brief exposures to acidic aerosols alter mucociliary clearance and increase airway responsiveness, but effects on host defense mechanisms at the alveolar level have not been studied in @entity1 . Twelve healthy, nonsmoking volunteers between 20 and 39 yr of age were exposed for 2 h to aerosols of approximately 1,000 micrograms/m3 @entity8316 ( @entity4197 ) or @entity2827 ( @entity1219 [control]), with intermittent exercise, in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Each subject received both exposures, separated by at least 2 wk. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 18 h after exposure in order to detect evidence of an inflammatory response, changes in alveolar cell subpopulations, or changes in alveolar macrophage (AM) function, which is important in host defense. When compared with @entity1219 , exposure to @entity4197 did not increase polymorphonuclear leukocytes in BAL fluid. The percentage of T lymphocytes decreased in association with @entity4197 exposure, but the difference was not statistically significant (14.9% after @entity1219 , 11.5% after @entity4197 ; p = 0.14). Antibody-mediated @entity137 of AM increased in association with @entity4197 exposure (percent lysis 19.1 after @entity1219 , 23.6 after @entity4197 ; p = 0.16). No significant change was seen in release of @entity224 anion or inactivation of influenza virus in vitro. Brief exposures to @entity4197 aerosol at 1,000 micrograms/m3 do not cause an influx of inflammatory cells into the alveolar space, and no evidence was found for alteration in antimicrobial defense 18 h after exposure.

title: @entity8316 aerosol exposure in XXXX assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8316 :: ('MESH:C033158', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfuric acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Secretory immunoglobulins are found in nongoblet columnar cells of normal intestinal epithelium. These molecules consist of a secretory component portion, which is synthesized in the columnar cells, and an immunoglobulin portion which enters the columnar cells from plasma cells in the adjacent lamina propria. In the present work, the synthesis and transport of these various subunits have been studied by immunofluorescence in @entity694 . In both the epithelium and plasma cells of benign and @entity5 , as well as in normal tissue, IgA is the principal immunoglobulin, followed by IgM. However, when compared to normal tissue, @entity5 epithelium contains less immunoglobulin and also less secretory component; the decrement usually inversely parallels the degree of differentiation. Thus, benign @entity1127 closely resemble normal colonic mucosa in so far as the secretory immunoglobulin system is concerned. In contrast, atypical areas of @entity1127 exhibit greatly decreased or absent synthesis and transport of secretory IgA. Plasma cells tend to be markedly @entity189 , suggestive of an alteration in the normal mechanism for attracting the circulating precursors of local IgA plasma cells. Whenever @entity5 epithelium contained IgA, plasma cells with IgA could be observed in the vicinity; this is in keeping with the concept of local synthesis of secretory IgA. In some instances in which local plasma cells were plentiful, @entity5 cells were @entity60531 , which suggested impairment of the mechanisms for transporting IgA across epithelium. The possible role of secretory component in such transport and in attracting lymphoblasts to mucous membranes is dicussed.

title: Secretory immunoglobulins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'benign polyps and carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity60531 :: ('MESH:C562869', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in secretory component and IgA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['decreased in the stroma of carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['benign polyps and cancers of the colon']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic neoplasms']


abstract: Several studies have suggested that the function of @entity2227 receptor channels can be regulated by protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, a basal level of phosphorylation may be necessary to maintain receptor function. Little is known, however, about the phosphorylation state of @entity2227 receptor channels in neurons and how it is regulated by synaptic activity. In this study, we have investigated the phosphorylation of the @entity140 -preferring @entity2227 receptor subunit @entity7335 in cortical neurons in primary culture. These neurons elaborate extensive processes, form functional synapses, and exhibit spontaneous 4-8 sec bursts of synaptic activity every 15-20 sec. In cultures in which this synaptic activity was suppressed by @entity1022 and @entity3390 , the @entity7335 protein was phosphorylated on @entity563 residues within a single tryptic phosphopeptide, as determined by @entity13269 analysis and phosphopeptide mapping. This same peptide was basally phosphorylated in recombinant @entity7335 receptors transiently expressed in @entity1 embryonal kidney 293 cells. Treatment of these synaptically inactive cortical neurons with the adenylyl cyclase activator @entity1928 resulted in a robust increase in phosphorylation on @entity563 residues on a phosphopeptide distinct from the basally phosphorylated peptide. Again, this same phosphopeptide was observed in recombinant @entity7335 receptors isolated from 293 cells coexpressing the catalytic subunit of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase. Spontaneous synaptic activity in cultures of cortical neurons resulted in a consistent, rapid (within 10-30 sec) increase in phosphorylation on @entity563 and @entity1889 residues. Interestingly, these phosphopeptides were also phosphorylated when neurons from inactive cultures were stimulated with @entity4996 , which activate protein kinase C. These results indicate that @entity140 receptors containing the @entity7335 subunit may be regulated by extracellular signals working through the @entity268 second messenger system as well as by synaptic activity, possibly acting through protein kinase C. Such regulation by protein phosphorylation may be involved in short-term changes in synaptic efficacy thought to involve the functional modulation of @entity140 receptors.

title: Cyclic AMP and synaptic activity-dependent phosphorylation of XXXX -preferring @entity2227 receptors.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity13269 :: ('CHEBI:26051', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoamino acid']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A hemicallotasis method has been developed utilizing an external fixator as high tibial osteotomy (HTO), and satisfactory results of this method with the external fixator have been reported. This external fixator has a universal joint that moves in all directions. We have recently designed a hemicallotasis device for this operation. METHODS: HTO for the knee with @entity85 utilizing the hemicallotasis method was performed on 44 knees. The @entity1 had a mean age at operation of 65 years (range 49-82 years), a mean follow-up period of 68 months (range 36-119 months), and a mean preoperative knee score of 66 points (range 27-90 points). RESULTS: The operated knees had a mean knee score at the final follow-up of 86 points (range 51-98 points), but the mean range of knee motion was not changed as follows. Before surgery, the mean flexion was 129 degrees (range 90-150 degrees) and the mean extension was -5 degrees (range -30 to 0 degrees), whereas at the final follow-up, the corresponding values were 127 degrees (range 85-150 degrees) and -4 degrees (range -25 to 0 degrees), respectively. Radiographically, the femorotibial joint was classified as grade 2 in 9 knees, grade 3 in 21 knees, and grade 4 in 14 knees according to the classification of @entity571 (Kellgren and Laurence). The patellofemoral joint was also classified as grade 1 in 39 knees, grade 2 in 2 knees, and grade 3 in 3 knees. The mean femorotibial angle was 184 degrees (4 degrees varus) before surgery, 169 degrees (11 degrees valgus) after pin extraction, and was maintained at the final follow-up. The complications of this method were relatively few and consisted of pin-tract infection (8 knees), @entity1150 (3 knees), and delayed union (2 knees). No @entity3030 or @entity2054 was encountered. No knee was converted to total arthroplasty. However, administration of analgesics was necessary in ten knees at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: The hemicallotasis method easily determined the angle of correction even in the knees with @entity10089 . Nevertheless, one of the major demerits of this method was a longer period of application of the external fixator. The level of evidence was level IV (case series).

title: High tibial osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the knee with XXXX utilizing the hemicallotasis method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10089 :: ('MESH:C536012', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous laxity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['varus deformity']


abstract: After occurrence of @entity1566 , it is not known whether the respiratory rhythm generator undergoes plasticity to compensate for @entity1576 . To test this hypothesis, respiratory variables were measured in adult semiaquatic turtles using a pneumotachograph attached to a breathing chamber on a water-filled tank. Turtles breathed room air (2 h) before being challenged with two consecutive 2-h bouts of @entity2944 (2 and 6% @entity515 or 4 and 8% @entity515 ). Turtles were spinalized at dorsal segments D8-D10 so that only pectoral girdle movement was used for breathing. Measurements were repeated at 4 and 8 wk postinjury. For turtles breathing room air, breathing frequency, tidal volume, and ventilation were not altered by spinalization; single-breath (singlet) frequency increased sevenfold. Spinalized turtles breathing 6-8% @entity515 had lower ventilation due to decreased frequency and tidal volume, episodic breathing (breaths/episode) was reduced, and singlet breathing was increased sevenfold. Respiratory variables in sham-operated turtles were unaltered by surgery. Isolated brain stems from control, spinalized, and sham turtles produced similar respiratory motor output and responded the same to increased bath pH. Thus spinalized turtles compensated for pelvic @entity393 while breathing room air but were unable to compensate during hypercapnic challenges. Because isolated brain stems from control and spinalized turtles had similar respiratory motor output and chemosensitivity, breathing changes in spinalized turtles in vivo were probably not due to plasticity within the respiratory rhythm generator. Instead, caudal spinal cord damage probably disrupts spinobulbar pathways that are necessary for normal breathing.

title: XXXX -induced changes in breathing are not due to supraspinal plasticity in turtles (Pseudemys scripta).

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['girdle loss']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2222  ( @entity2222 ) is a very common disease. However, it the disease is still unmanageable and the related molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of @entity2222 using transcriptome analysis. Transcriptome analysis was conducted in 3  pairs of gastric mucosa tissues from @entity1 with @entity2222 and healthy residents at a similar altitude. Endoscopy and histopathological analyses were used to examine the injury to gastric tissues. Molecular remodeling was performed for the interaction between different KLK members and @entity165 . @entity2222 was found to lead to morphological changes and pathological damage to the gastric mucosa of @entity1 . A total of 10,304  differentially expressed genes  (DEGs) were identified. Among these genes, 4,941  DEGs were upregulated, while 5,363  DEGs were downregulated in the @entity1 with @entity2222  (fold change  >= 2, P<0.01 and FDR  <0.01). In particular, the @entity18504 gene cluster  ( @entity40753 /3/7/8/12) was upregulated  >17-fold. All the members had high-score binding @entity165 , particularly for the polymers of @entity21843 . The @entity18504 gene cluster  ( @entity40753 /3/7/8/12) is on chromosome  19q13.3-13.4. The elevated levels of @entity40753 , @entity1486 , @entity21843 , @entity23821 and @entity48663 may be closely associated with the @entity101 , @entity32 , @entity28 and other @entity1819 associated with @entity6582 . The interaction of KLKs and @entity165 maybe play an important role in the development of @entity101 . The findings of the present study revealed that @entity2222 induces @entity1819 by upregulating the @entity18504 gene cluster  ( @entity40753 /3/7/8/12), which can bind @entity165 and result in @entity18504 @entity101 . These findings provide some basic information for understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for @entity2222 and @entity2222 -related diseases.

title: Transcriptome reveals the overexpression of a XXXX gene cluster ( @entity40753 /3/7/8/12) in the Tibetans with high altitude-associated @entity6582 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric injuries', 'gastric injury']

entities_list: @entity2222 :: ('MESH:C535833', 'Disease') :: ['High altitude-associated polycythemia', 'HAPC']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity18504 :: (9622,Gene) :: ['kallikrein']


abstract: These experiments were undertaken to define the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the recovery of ovarian function after transplantation to an ectopic site. Both ovaries from 23-day-old @entity35 were transplanted to the region of the neck, next to the jugular vein. Serum gonadotropin and plasma immunoreactive @entity7456 levels were determined at several intervals thereafter. Serum @entity53 (E2) was measured during the first week posttransplantation. Reinnervation of the ovary by sympathetic and sensory nerves was monitored by immunohistochemistry. Sympathetic nerves were identified as adrenergic by the presence of @entity669 hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in @entity2922 biosynthesis, and as peptidergic, by their @entity10969 ( @entity10969 ) or vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ) immunoreactivity. Sensory nerves were identified by the presence of substance @entity10133 ) and calcitonin-gene related peptide ( @entity4655 ) immunoreactivity. Serum LH and FSH increased, and plasma inhibin levels decreased, within 48 h after transplantation. Serum LH reached maximum levels on day 4, decreasing rapidly thereafter to basal values by day 6. These changes were functionally correlated with the posttransplantation fluctuations in serum E2, which decreased at 48 h, rebounded by day 4, and returned to basal values on day 7. Removal of the transplanted ovaries on day 3 resulted in the disappearance of serum E2 levels on day 4, thus confirming the ovarian graft as the source of E2. In contrast to LH, serum FSH remained significantly elevated for at least 3 weeks after transplantation, then decreased to basal levels after day 21, coinciding with the rise in inhibin secretion. Although a substantial loss of follicles was noted 48 h after transplantation, quantitative examination of the changes on day 4 revealed that approximately 40% of antral follicles were not necrotic. Ovulation and formation of corpora lutea were noted 21 days after transplantation. Reinnervation of the transplanted ovary by TH-, @entity12180 -, @entity10969 -, SP-, and @entity4655 -containing fibers was first detected 7 days after transplantation. Although @entity12180 reinnervation was sparse and only transiently detected (days 7-21), the density of sympathetic (TH, @entity10969 ) and sensory (SP, @entity4655 ) fibers increased 2- to 3-fold between days 7-28, remaining unchanged thereafter. Since apparent completion of this reinnervation coincided with reestablishment of normal levels of both LH and FSH, an additional experiment was performed to determine if the two events were causally related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Functional recovery of the developing XXXX ovary after transplantation: contribution of the extrinsic innervation.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We summarize new knowledge that has accrued in recent years on @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in Indigenous Australians. @entity740 refers to all stages of @entity8 , including end-stage @entity177 (ESKF), whether or not a @entity1 receives renal replacement therapy (RRT). Recently recorded rates of ESKF, RRT, non-dialysis @entity740 hospitalizations and @entity740 attributed deaths were, respectively, more than sixfold, eightfold, eightfold and threefold those of non-Indigenous Australians, with age adjustment, although all except the RRT rates are still under-enumerated. However, the nationwide average Indigenous incidence rate of RRT appears to have stabilized. The median age of Indigenous @entity1 with ESKF was about 30   years less than for non-Indigenous @entity1 , and 84% of them received RTT, while only half of non-Indigenous @entity1 with ESKF did so. The first-ever (2012) nationwide health survey data showed elevated levels of @entity740 markers in Indigenous @entity1 at the community level. For all @entity740 parameters, rates among Indigenous @entity1 themselves were strikingly correlated with increasing remoteness of residence and socio-economic disadvantage, and there was a female predominance in remote areas. The burden of @entity8 in Australian Indigenous @entity1 is seriously understated by Global Burden of Disease Mortality methodology, because it employs underlying cause of @entity204 only, and because deaths of @entity1 on RRT are frequently attributed to non-renal causes. These data give a much expanded view of @entity740 in Aboriginal @entity1 . Methodologic approaches must be remedied for a full appreciation of the burden, costs and outcomes of the disease, to direct appropriate policy development.

title: An expanded nationwide view of XXXX in Aboriginal Australians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['preterminal kidney disease', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Basement membranes (BMs) of vertebrates and invertebrates have been shown to contain glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which include oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycans. Lectin binding sites were characterized in the BM of gastrulating embryos of the starfish, @entity38961 . In early and mid-gastrulae, the @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-lectin conjugates of concanavalin A (Con A) and @entity3505 germ agglutinin (WGA) reveal the presence of @entity3913 / @entity413 and @entity4823 / @entity3167 residues in the BM of all regions of the embryos. However, in the late gastrula embryo, an apparent reduction of these components is observed over the esophageal BM. Ultrastructural studies using the lectin-gold conjugates Con A, Limax flavus agglutinin (LFA), specific for @entity3167 , and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), specific for @entity11485 , demonstrate that most @entity3913 / @entity413 and @entity11485 -containing residues lie in the lamina densa, whereas most @entity3167 residues are located over the lamina lucida. In addition, a statistical analysis of lectin binding in the late gastrula embryo reveals that the amount of labelling with both Con A and LFA is significantly reduced in the esophageal region, suggesting that @entity3913 / @entity413 and @entity3167 residues are reduced in this region. These results confirm the observations of the FITC-lectin studies described above. They also confirm earlier studies that demonstrated a difference in BM morphology of the esophageal region (Crawford, '88). Mesenchyme cells, some of which arise from the forming coeloms (Crawford, '90), and which may represent a distinct population, colonize exclusively on this esophageal BM, where they later differentiate into muscle. Quantitative differences in BM glycoconjugates may act to direct the presumptive muscle cells to the region of the esophagus.

title: Basement membrane lectin binding sites are decreased in the esophageal endoderm during the arrival of presumptive muscle mesenchyme in the developing asteroid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity38961 :: ('7612', 'Species') :: ['Pisaster ochraceus']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity11485 :: ('MESH:D005688', 'Chemical') :: ['galactosamine']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity38961 :: (7612,Species) :: ['Pisaster ochraceus']


abstract: The development of targeted treatment strategies adapted to individual @entity1 requires identification of the different @entity5 classes according to their biology and prognosis. We focus here on the molecular aspects underlying these differences, in terms of sets of genes that control pathogenesis of the different subtypes of @entity816 . By performing cDNA-array analysis of 53 @entity1 biopsies, comprising low-grade @entity816 , secondary @entity463 (respective recurrent high-grade @entity5 ), and newly diagnosed @entity463 , we demonstrate that @entity1 @entity11 can be differentiated according to their gene expression. We found that low-grade @entity816 have the most specific and similar expression profiles, whereas @entity463 exhibit much larger variation between @entity5 . @entity463 display features of both other groups. We identified several sets of genes with relatively highly correlated expression within groups that: (a). can be associated with specific biological functions; and (b). effectively differentiate @entity5 class. One prominent gene cluster discriminating primary versus nonprimary @entity463 comprises mostly genes involved in angiogenesis, including @entity7 fms-related @entity669 kinase 1 but also @entity10513 , that has not yet been directly linked to angiogenesis. In situ hybridization demonstrating coexpression of @entity10513 and @entity7 in pseudopalisading cells surrounding @entity5 @entity39 provided further evidence for a possible involvement of @entity10513 in angiogenesis. The separating groups of genes were found by the unsupervised coupled two-way clustering method, and their classification power was validated by a supervised construction of a nearly perfect @entity11 classifier.

title: Classification of @entity1 XXXX on the basis of gene expression: a correlated group of genes with angiogenic activity emerges as a strong predictor of subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytic glioma', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary glioblastoma', 'glioblastoma', 'primary glioblastoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytic gliomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aim: Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of prognostic factors in anterior skull base @entity1653 in order to determine the post-operative management. Materials and Methods: The studied material consisted in resection specimens from 65 @entity1 with anterior skull base @entity1653 hospitalized in Clinic of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and @entity531 , Bucharest, Romania, and diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of the same Institute, between 2007 and 2013. The biological material was processed by standard histological technique with @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining which allowed the classification of @entity5 according to WHO 2007 system and the assessment of the morphological parameters of known prognostic value. Subsequently, the @entity5 fragments were submitted to immunohistochemistry to evaluate the proliferative activity (Ki-67 labeling index) and @entity1420 hormone receptor (PR) status. Results: 83.07% of the 65 anterior skull base @entity1653 were WHO grade I @entity5 ; the grade II @entity5 accounted 15.38%, while the grade III @entity5 were rare (1.53%). Mitotic activity was variable, reaching up to 14 mitoses  10 @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) in atypical and @entity5 ; mitoses were absent in 64.81% of grade I @entity5 ; the average mitotic index in grade II @entity5 was 5.15 mitoses  10 @entity2194 . Both mitotic activity and infiltrative and invasive @entity5 growth (the latter found in 36.92% of cases) were correlated with @entity5 grade. Ki-67 labeling index ranged between 1.1% and 7.7%, with the highest value found in anaplastic @entity5 ; @entity1420 receptors (PR) were expressed with variable index in 84.61% of cases. The immunonegative PR @entity5 were represented by 16.66% of grade I @entity5 and by the only grade III @entity5 . In contrast to PR, Ki-67 expression was statistically correlated with @entity5 grade. The comparison between the expression of Ki-67 and PR revealed an inverse relationship between the level of PR expression and the proliferative activity intensity. Conclusions: We found that PR expression decreases as the biological behavior of @entity5 becomes more @entity146 ; it may be related with an increased risk of recurrence, making the postoperative surveillance more rigorous in these @entity1 .

title: Prognostic factors in anterior skull base XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['HPF', 'high-power field']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'anaplastic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['Neurovascular Diseases']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early detection of precancerous or malignant lesions may be decisive for prognosis of @entity1 with @entity14 . In this prospective feasibility study, multi-detector spiral computed tomography (CT) colonography was compared with conventional colonoscopy for the detection of @entity1127 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 underwent CT colonography (standard colonoscopy preparation, distension with room air, prone and supine position) immediately before colonoscopy. Sixty-five (83%) were asymptomatic screening subjects, while the rest had symptoms suggestive of @entity14 . Presence, location, and size of lesions were prospectively assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CT colonography were calculated using conventional colonoscopy as the reference standard. RESULTS: Conventional colonoscopy was normal in 52 @entity1 . In 26 @entity1 a total of 49 @entity1127 and 3 @entity189 were identified. All three @entity189 and 39 @entity1127 (80%) were identified by CT colonography. Seven of 7 @entity1127 > or = 10 mm (100%), 13 of 16 @entity1127 of 6 to 9 mm (81%), and 19 of 26 @entity1127 < or = 5 mm (73%) in diameter were identified. Fourteen false-positive findings (10 of which were < or = 5 mm in diameter) were related to 8 @entity1 (specificity at the @entity1 level was 86%). In 10 @entity1 , a total of 10 @entity1127 were missed by CT colonography, 7 of which were < or = 5 mm in diameter. CONCLUSIONS: In this feasibility study, multi-detector spiral CT colonography allows accurate detection of @entity1127 > 5 mm in diameter, but at the expense of low specificity in the small size range.

title: Virtual colonography: identification and differentiation of XXXX using multi-detector computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal disease', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal lesions']


abstract: @entity11 , including the most devastating type, @entity463 ( @entity463 ), are characterised by their local growth and aggressive infiltration of the normal brain. GBMs result in a profound disability, leading to death in almost all cases. There has been little improvement in outcome despite intensive clinical and laboratory research during recent decades. Interestingly, many researchers have been successful in treating @entity463 models in animals, but the success has been limited when new treatment principles have been translated into the clinic. One reason for this failure is the lack of appropriate animal models that reflect the behaviour of @entity1 GBMs. Therapeutic progress has also been hindered by the limited delivery of effective therapeutic compounds to an extremely heterogenic @entity5 cell population. This article discusses the present use and limitations of preclinical animal models to study @entity11 growth and progression. In addition, it focuses on the potential use of cell-based therapies for the treatment of GBMs. This includes aspects of gene therapy, stem cell therapy and immunotherapy. Several of these treatment modalities use the principle of transplanting cells or compounds that either directly or indirectly show therapeutic efficacy. Many of these principles depend on an increased biological knowledge of @entity11 . The development of new therapeutic principles based on such knowledge may finally provide @entity11 @entity1 with an improved survival.

title: Cell therapies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas', 'gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: Here we describe 2 @entity1 with @entity3052 in whom @entity780 ) @entity198 developed after cord blood transplantation. In @entity1 1 and 2, generalized @entity410 and @entity772 developed on day 62 and day 15, respectively, after cord blood transplantation, which failed to engraft in @entity1 1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of @entity1 1's brain showed low-intensity signals at the gyri of the bilateral lateral lobes on T1-weighted images and high-intensity signals on T2-weighted images. MRI of @entity1 2's brain showed high-intensity signals in bilateral white matter on T2-weighted images and on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed an increased protein level with pleocytosis in @entity1 1 and a normal protein level without pleocytosis in @entity1 2. Polymerase chain reaction analysis detected @entity780 DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of both @entity1 . @entity1 1 recovered after administration of @entity4540 for 3 weeks. However, she again suffered from @entity198 after discontinuation of @entity4540 , and died of @entity295 . @entity1 2 died from an anoxic brain caused by generalized @entity410 . When @entity16 and signs appear in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients, we should consider @entity780 @entity198 and promptly and empirically treat them with @entity4540 or foscarnet.

title: XXXX @entity198 after unrelated cord blood transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['gancyclovir']

entities_list: @entity780 :: ('10368', 'Species') :: ['HHV-6', 'human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6']

answer: @entity780 :: (10368,Species) :: ['Human herpesvirus-6']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the role of 3D imaging using spiral CT for the detection and evaluation of @entity356 ( @entity356 ). METHOD: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity356 underwent 3D and axial imaging using spiral CT, and all cases were confirmed at surgery. According to the pathologic specimens, one @entity1 (3.2%) had type I, five (16.1%) had type IIb, 13 (42.0%) had type IIc, three (9.6%) had types IIc + IIb, three (9.6%) had types IIc + III, two (6.5%) had types IIa + IIc, two (6.5%) had types IIb + IIc, and two (6.5%) had types IIb + III. Spiral CT was first performed with 3 mm collimation, 4.5 mm/s table feed, and a 1 mm reconstruction interval in the supine position after intravenous injection of Buscopan and ingestion of gas. The 3D shaded surface display renderings were performed, analyzed, and graded as excellent, good, or poor. Axial CT scanning was performed with 5 mm collimation, 7 mm/s table feed, and a 5 mm reconstruction interval in the prone position after ingestion of water. RESULTS: With use of axial CT images, 20 of 31 @entity5 (64.5%) were detected. @entity5 were suspected in two cases, but nine were not detected. With use of 3D images, 29 of 31 @entity5 (93.5%) were detected (p < 0.05). Of the 31 cases of @entity356 , excellent 3D images were obtained in 6 @entity1 (19.3%), good 3D images in 21 (67.7%), and poor 3D images in 2 (6.5%). In the two cases with poor images, the @entity5 was confined to the mucosal layer and the types were @entity356 IIc + IIb. In the remaining two cases (6.5%), the @entity5 were not detected by 3D images. In one case, the @entity5 was confined to the mucosal layer, and in the other it was located in the pyloric antrum. Both @entity5 were @entity356 . The two cases not detected by 3D imaging were also not detected by axial CT scanning. CONCLUSION: The detection rate of @entity356 is higher using 3D imaging than axial CT scan alone.

title: The role of 3D spiral CT in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['EGC', 'early gastric carcinoma', 'EGC type IIc']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['early gastric carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosticating effects of discography and intradiscal injection blockage for @entity1 with @entity1643 and end plate Modic changes when posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) was adopted. METHODS: @entity1 who received diagnostic discography for suspected @entity1643 were recruited. A total of 60 @entity1 (42 males and 18 females) with positive discography and end plate Modic changes at a single level were enrolled in the study and allocated into Groups A and B: Group A was both positive sign of discography and negative sign of intradiscal injection blockage two weeks later, which further was subdivided into Group A1 (Modic I endplate change) and Group A2 (Modic II endplate change). Group B was both positive sign of discography and intradiscal injection blockage two weeks later, which further was subdivided into Group A1 (Modic I endplate change) and Group A2 (Modic II endplate change). There were 15 cases in each subgroup, with a mean age of 43.2 years old (29 to 62 years old). The lumbar decompression combined with interbody fusion was performed for these @entity1 . The clinical outcome of each @entity1 was evaluated and recorded by using the VAS and ODI before operation and at 24 months after the procedure. The bone fusion state was evaluated by both dynamic X-ray and CT reconstruction films. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference of the scales of VAS and ODI before operation.Compared with the scales before operation, although the scales of VAS and ODI of both group A and group B at 24 months after the procedure were significantly improved, the scales of both VAS and ODI of group B were significantly superior to group A. The statistics analysis showed that comparing the improvement rate of VAS and ODI before and after operation, group B was significantly superior to group A, but there was no obviously correlations between the type of Modic endplate change and the the improvement rate of VAS and ODI. CONCLUSION: The combination the discography with intradiscal injection blockage before operation would effectively prognosticate the therapy of posterior lumbar interbody fusion. There was no obviously correlations between the type of Modic endplate change and the improvement rate of VAS and ODI.

title: [Retrospective and comparative analysis of therapy for XXXX with end plate Modic changes with discography and intradiscal injection blockage].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative chronic discogenic low back pain', 'degenerative discogenic low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['degenerative chronic discogenic low back pain']


abstract: @entity161 @entity1 have problems with saccadic eye movements that can be characterized as a loss of control over the saccadic system. Preliminary clinical results suggest that antipsychotics can either disrupt or improve saccadic performance. The brain mechanism through which antipsychotics might affect saccades is the subject of study. The superior colliculus (SC) is crucially involved in the generation of saccades. Previous experimental studies showed that the substantia nigra reticulata (SNr), a structure with profound inhibitory influence on the SC, is differentially affected by classical and atypical antipsychotics. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of atypical antipsychotics ( @entity1088 , @entity1037 , and @entity1090 ) and a classical antipsychotic ( @entity1767 ) on the firing rate of SC cells in the @entity35 . In anesthetized @entity35 , we performed extracellular recordings on spontaneous active neurons in the intermediate and deep layers of the SC. After subcutaneous injection of an antipsychotic drug, changes in firing rate were compared with responses upon saline injection. @entity1037 (1.0 mg/kg), @entity1090 (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg), and @entity1767 (0.5 mg/kg) did not significantly alter cell activity, but @entity1088 (10.0 mg/kg) induced a short-lasting but significant decrease. Except for @entity1088 , the effects of antipsychotics on the SC were nonsignificant and therefore independent of the effects in the SNr. Our results support the notion that @entity1088 is different from the other atypical antipsychotics.

title: Antipsychotics and single-cell activity in the XXXX superior colliculus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical variables on survival rates in @entity1 with @entity957 in the lower oral cavity. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 who exhibited a histological diagnosis of @entity957 of the lower oral cavity, who underwent surgery. Data on clinical, histological, and treatment variables were collected to assess the effect of these variables on global survival and disease-free curves. RESULTS: We studied 117 @entity1 , 86 (73.5%) males and 31 (26.5%) females, who underwent surgery between January 2005 and June 2009. The overall survival rate was 74.4% after two years, and the disease-free rate was 67.5%. Midline invasion by the @entity5 negatively impacted overall survival (P=0.02) and disease-free survival (P=0.01). The disease-free survival rate of @entity1 with histologically confirmed neck @entity3 was 76.8% versus 59% for @entity1 without @entity3 (P=0.01). Disease-free survival of @entity1 with one affected lymph node was 89.5%, and 45.2% for more than one affected lymph node (P<0.01). @entity1 who ended radiotherapy in less than 60 days exhibited a disease-free rate of 59.0%, and @entity1 whose treatment lasted more than 60 days exhibited a rate of 77.1% (P=0.06). CONCLUSION: In our study, @entity5 invasion of the midline, the presence of more than one affected lymph node as confirmed by histology, the delaying radiotherapy for more than 56 days and radiotherapy that lasted longer than 60 days worsen @entity1 prognosis.

title: Prognostic factors for surgically resected XXXX of the lower oral cavity.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Abstract Aim: To report the demographic profile, clinical presentation, and management outcome of @entity697 . Methods: Retrospective study of 347 eyes of 320 @entity1 , who presented to the Ophthalmic Plastic Clinic of a tertiary eye care center over a period of 22 years from January 1990 to March 2012 with @entity697 , were reviewed for demographic profile, clinical presentation, and management outcome. The numbers of @entity1 with @entity74 during the same period were retrieved to assess the incidence of @entity697 . Successful anatomical outcome was defined as patency on irrigation and a successful functional outcome was defined as resolution of @entity281 . Results: The mean age at presentation was 37 years. The female to male ratio was 2:1. There was no difference in the laterality between the right and the left eyes. @entity66 was noted in 8.4% (27/320) @entity1 . 23% (80/347) eyes presented with lacrimal abscess while 2.8% (10/347) eyes had @entity4550 . Intensive medical care with hospital admission was needed in 4.4% (14/320) @entity1 . The mean time to resolution of acute symptoms was 10 days. 5.6% (18/320) @entity1 developed a @entity292 , among which 83% (15/18) were following a @entity1409 of the lacrimal abscess. Dacryocystorhinostomy was performed in 82.5% (264/320) @entity1 with an anatomical success of 94.5% and a functional success of 93.5%. Conclusions: Acute @entity4578 comprises 2.4% of all @entity1 presenting with @entity74 . @entity292 formation is a sequel more commonly seen with @entity1409 of a lacrimal abscess. The long-term outcomes in @entity1 presenting with @entity697 are good with a surgical success rate of 94.3%.

title: Clinical Profile and Management Outcome of Acute XXXX : Two Decades of Experience in a Tertiary Eye Care Center.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute dacryocystitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral disease']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and epiphora']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'Fistula']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimal system disorders', 'lacrimal disorders']

entities_list: @entity4550 :: ('MESH:D054517', 'Disease') :: ['orbital cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity4578 :: ('MESH:D003607', 'Disease') :: ['dacryocystitis']

answer: @entity4578 :: (MESH:D003607,Disease) :: ['Dacryocystitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute @entity891 is common, and it is sometimes difficult to determine whether the cause is benign or malignant. Recently, diffusion-weighted imaging has been reported to be useful for differentiating the two types. The purpose of this study was to evaluate diffusion abnormalities quantitatively in benign and malignant compression fractures using line scan diffusion-weighted imaging. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Line scan diffusion-weighted imaging was prospectively performed in 17 @entity1 with 20 acute @entity3814 caused by @entity170 or @entity130 , in 12 @entity1 with 16 @entity3814 caused by @entity5 , and in 35 @entity1 with 47 metastatic vertebrae without collapse. Images were obtained at b values of 5 and 1,000 sec/mm(2). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured in @entity3814 and metastatic vertebrae without collapse. RESULTS: The ADC (mean +/- SD) was 1.21 +/- 0.17 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec in benign compression fractures, 0.92 +/- 0.20 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec in malignant compression fractures, and 0.83 +/- 0.17 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec in metastatic @entity75 without collapse. The ADC was significantly higher in benign compression fractures than in malignant compression fractures (p < 0.01), although the two types showed considerable overlap. CONCLUSION: Although the quantitative assessment of vertebral diffusion provides additional information concerning compressed vertebrae, the benign and malignant compression fracture ADC values overlap considerably. Therefore, even a quantitative vertebral diffusion assessment may not always permit a clear distinction between benign and malignant compression fractures.

title: Quantitative assessment of diffusion abnormalities in benign and malignant XXXX by line scan diffusion-weighted imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral collapse']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of @entity295 in Japanese @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) and to evaluate the impact of @entity295 on mortality and length of stay (LOS). METHODS: Using the JANIS database for the period between June 2002 and June 2004, 21,895 eligible @entity1 aged >= 16 years, hospitalized in 28 participating @entity1213 for >= 24 hours, were monitored until ICU discharge. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the incidence of @entity295 was calculated using Cox's proportional hazard model. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated on the basis of the crude mortality in @entity1 without @entity580 ( @entity580 ) for respective APACHE II categories. Mean LOS for survivors was assessed by two-way analysis of variance with adjustment for APACHE II. RESULTS: @entity295 was diagnosed in 450 @entity1 (2.1%), with 228 meeting the definition on ICU admission and 222 during the ICU stay. The overall incidence of @entity295 was 1.02/100 admissions or 2.00/1000 @entity1 -days. A significantly higher HR for the incidence of @entity295 was found in @entity1 (1.54, 95% CI: 1.14-2.07), APACHE II >= 21 (2.92, 95% CI: 1.92-4.44), ventilator use (3.30, 95% CI: 1.98-5.49), and central venous catheter use (3.45, 95% CI: 1.90-6.28). SMR was determined to be 1.18 (95% CI: 0.82-1.21) in @entity580 @entity1 without @entity295 and 2.43 (95% CI: 1.88-3.09) in @entity580 @entity1 with @entity295 . Mean LOS for survivors was calculated to be 11.8 days (95% CI: 11.3-12.4) in @entity580 @entity1 without @entity295 and 15.0 days (95% CI: 13.3-17.0) in @entity580 @entity1 with @entity295 compared with 3.8 days (95% CI: 3.8-3.9) in @entity1 without @entity580 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity295 is not very common in Japanese @entity1213 , but its development leads to further increases in mortality and LOS in @entity1 with @entity580 .

title: Incidence and outcome of @entity295 in Japanese XXXX : The Japanese @entity580 surveillance system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care units', 'ICUs']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NI', 'nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity1213 :: (MESH:D012555,Disease) :: ['intensive care units']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anesthesia has been shown to suppress immune function, which can negatively affect the treatment of @entity1 with various @entity5 . Here, we assessed two different anesthesia methods, general versus combined regional/general, in treatment of @entity43 by laparoscopic therapy. METHODS: Out of 160 @entity1 with @entity43 treated by laparoscopic therapy, 80 received general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia during surgery, and 80 received general anesthesia only. Venous blood samples were obtained at the following time points: before induction of anesthesia (T0), 2 hours after anesthesia, during operation, 3 days (d) after operation, 5 d after operation, and 7 d after operation. Percentages of CD3(+), @entity404 (+), and @entity404 (+)/ @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes were determined at these time points by flow cytometry to assess immune function. RESULTS: For both groups, percentages of CD3(+), @entity404 (+), and @entity404 (+)/ @entity405 (+) T cells decreased significantly from T0 to 2 hr after anesthesia (P < 0.05). These percentages decreased again during surgery. However, T cell percentages in @entity1 receiving combined anesthesia returned to normal levels 5 d after surgery, and those receiving only intravenous anesthesia returned to normal by 7 d after surgery. There were no significant differences in CD3(+), @entity404 (+), or @entity404 (+)/ @entity405 (+) T cell percentages between the two anesthesia groups at T0 and 7 d. However, significant differences in these percentages were observed between the two groups at all other time points. Interestingly, the decrease observed within the combined group were less dramatic than those observed within the intravenous-only group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that, while any anesthesia may suppress immune function of @entity1 treated by laparoscopic therapy, the effect of general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia on immune function was less than that produced by general anesthesia alone.

title: Combined general and regional anesthesia and effects on immune function in @entity1 with XXXX treated by laparoscopic therapy.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['benign ovarian tumors', 'benign ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['benign ovarian tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and side effects of @entity1363 and @entity3652 administered nasally for pediatric premedication. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this double blind trial 60 @entity1 scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to two groups to receive 0.25 mg.kg or 5 mg.kg nasal @entity3652 . We measured level of acceptance of medication, sedation, hemodynamic variables, reaction to separation from parents, side effects and time until recovery from anesthesia. RESULTS: The two groups were homogeneous. Acceptance of medication was good or adequate in all @entity1 . The level of sedation was significant in both groups 10 min after premedication. Systolic arterial pressure was higher in the @entity3652 group 20 min after administration of the drug and upon arrival in the operating theater. Reaction to separation from parents was good in all groups. Secretions were higher in the @entity3652 group and @entity1833 were experienced by three @entity1 in the @entity3652 group and by two in the @entity1363 group. We found no difference in time until spontaneous eye opening after surgery. No complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The nasal route is adequately accepted by @entity1 . Both drugs are effective by this route and sedation is rapid. Time until postanesthetic recovery is similar with both drugs. The doses used have wide safety margins.

title: [Nasal XXXX compared with nasal @entity1363 in premedication in pediatrics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']