abstract: Experiments were performed to study the influence of the cerebellar anterior vermis on both amplitude and directional properties of the vestibulospinal (VS) reflexes. In decerebrate @entity468 , the multiunit EMG activity of the medial head of the forelimb extensor triceps brachii was recorded during wobble of the whole animal at 0.15 Hz. With this procedure the animals were submitted to a tilt characterized by a fixed amplitude (10 degrees) and by a direction moving at constant velocity over the horizontal plane, in both a clockwise (CW) and a counterclockwise (CCW) direction. These dynamic stimuli permitted characterization of the triceps muscle response to animal tilt as a single vector in the horizontal plane. The gain of this vector was taken as the mean value obtained for the CW and CCW responses, while its orientation corresponded to the direction of head displacement, lying midway between the maximal response directions to CW and CCW rotations. The temporal phase was evaluated as the half difference between the directions of the CW and CCW responses. In all the experiments the response vector of the triceps brachii was closely aligned with the transverse axis and pointed to the side-down direction. Unilateral inactivation of the cerebellar anterior vermis after microinjection, in one or two folia of lobule V, of the @entity1246 -A agonist @entity6341 (0.5 microL at 8 micrograms/microL saline), consistently and reversibly reduced in 20 to 40 min the amplitude of the EMG modulation of the ipsilateral triceps brachii to 46% to 80% of the control value, while only a small shift (up to 30 degrees) of the response vector occurred either nosewards or tailwards. Small shifts in temporal phase were also observed. These findings suggest that the Purkinje (P)-cells, which usually fire out of phase with respect to the VS neurons, contribute positively to the amplitude of the VS reflexes. It was previously shown that P-cells with response vectors covering all the directions of animal displacement are present in small regions of the cerebellar anterior vermis; it is likely that these neurons represent functional units facilitating the VS reflexes elicited by animal tilt in the direction of their response vectors. By suppressing the activity of these cells, @entity6341 injections would lead to a general @entity308 of the triceps responses to animal displacement, not associated with prominent changes in directional specificity.

title: Changes in gain and spatiotemporal properties of the vestibulospinal reflex after injection of a XXXX -A agonist in the cerebellar anterior vermis.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: Two recent studies have described allelic loss of an @entity996 intragenic marker on chromosome 13q in aggressive and metastatic @entity977 that did not correlate with loss of @entity996 . The second report also showed that losses were more frequently associated with a more centromeric marker. Because both of these studies suggest the presence of another or other @entity5 suppressor genes (TSGs) on 13q, we carried out an allelotype analysis encompassing known and recently described @entity18566 loci on 13q, together with immunohistochemical analysis of @entity996 . We analyzed 82 @entity5 and 53 @entity10759 subdivided into invasive and noninvasive cohorts. A significantly higher frequency of loss, at one or more of 13 markers, was evident in the invasive @entity5 (54%, 26 of 48) than in their noninvasive counterparts (29%, 10 of 34). An approximately equal frequency of loss was apparent in invasive (28%, 5 of 18) and noninvasive (31%, 11 of 35) @entity10759 at one or more markers. In those @entity5 harboring deletion, loss at two or more markers was more frequent in invasive @entity5 65% (17 of 26) compared with 36% (4 of 11) of their noninvasive counterparts. In @entity10759 , 40% (2 of 5) of invasive @entity5 as compared with 64% (7 of 11) of noninvasive @entity5 had evidence of two or more deletions. In @entity5 showing loss at two or more loci, the majority showed large deletions; however, loss of the @entity996 intragenic marker D13S153 was infrequent. In most cases, loss at individual markers was more frequent in invasive @entity5 than their noninvasive counterparts. A marker 3 cM telomeric to @entity996 (D13S1319) showed the highest frequency of deletion in both invasive cohorts (29% of @entity10759 and 24% of @entity5 ). Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity996 showed frequent loss in @entity10759 (27%, 9 of 33) in comparison with 4% (2 of 53) of @entity5 . Although loss of @entity996 did not correlate with loss of an intragenic marker or @entity5 grade, it was significantly associated with the @entity10759 subtype (P = 0.002). These data suggest that chromosome 13q is a frequent target for allelic deletion in @entity977 and point to another or other @entity18566 loci in these regions.

title: Chromosome 13q deletion mapping in @entity977 : infrequent loss of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene ( XXXX ) locus despite loss of @entity996 protein product in @entity10759 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-functional tumors', 'nonfunctional tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['somatotrophinomas', 'somatotrophinoma']

answer: @entity996 :: (5925,Gene) :: ['RB1']


abstract: GOALS: We aimed to present our long-term surveillance experience in @entity1 with @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ), and we retrospectively evaluated the natural history, results of @entity49 studies, and the factors related to mortality. BACKGROUND: Primary @entity3181 is a rare form of @entity455 , secondary to underlying @entity49 . Because of its rarity and heterogeneous nature, there is a scarcity of knowledge about the natural history of the disease. STUDY AND RESULTS: In 22 years, a total of 62 @entity1 with primary @entity3181 were followed in our tertiary hospital. We identified an acquired cause of @entity3181 in 40 out of 62 @entity1 (64.5%), whereas in 6 @entity1 (9.7%), we found no identifiable cause. One or more @entity49 causes were identified in 56 @entity1 (90.3%). In 19 @entity1 with @entity66 , 15 had Janus @entity669 kinase 2 mutation analysis and Janus @entity669 kinase 2 positivity was found in 10 @entity1 . In regression analysis, @entity715 was found to be the only indicator of mortality, with an estimated instantaneous risk of 8.4. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we present one of the largest series of @entity3181 in the English literature. We have shown that the multifactorial nature of underlying @entity49 should be thoroughly investigated. In a @entity1 with @entity3181 , a clinician should be alert for the development or coexistence of @entity715 due to its deleterious effect on mortality.

title: Long-term follow-up study in XXXX : single-center experience in 22 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: AIMS: @entity9486 , a homologue of @entity876 , is known as a negative regulator of @entity5 progression. However, delta Np73, an isoform of @entity9486 lacking the @entity2733 -terminal transactivation domain plays an oncogenic role by interfering with the activity of @entity876 and TA (full-length transactivating isoforms) @entity9486 . In this study, we investigated the expression of delta Np73 in @entity1 @entity259 originating from follicular cells. METHODS: We immunohistochemically investigated delta Np73 expression in 223 @entity259 . Delta Np73 expression level was evaluated as the sum of positivity score and intensity score. RESULTS: Normal follicular cells did not express delta Np73, but 27.3% of follicular @entity652 , 85.4% of @entity189 , 99.2% of @entity1377 , and 95.7% of @entity189 were positive for the transcript. Delta Np73 expression level did not differ between widely invasive and minimally invasive @entity189 . In @entity1377 , the level was inversely linked to @entity5 size, extrathyroid extension, and clinically apparent @entity3 . Furthermore, in @entity189 , delta Np73 expression level was significantly lower than that in @entity1377 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that delta Np73 plays a role predominantly in the early phase of @entity1377 progression.

title: Delta Np73 expression in XXXX originating from follicular cells.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinomas', 'anaplastic carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid neoplasms']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid neoplasms']


abstract: We have investigated how the abnormal head posture and motility in spasmodic torticollis interferes with ecological movements such as combined eye-to-foot whole-body reorientations to visual targets. Eight mildly affected @entity1 and 10 controls @entity717 and body in response to illuminated targets of eccentricities up to    180  . The experimental protocol allowed separate evaluation of the effects of target location, visibility and predictability on movement parameters. @entity1 ' latencies of eye, head, trunk and foot motion were prolonged but showed a normal modification pattern when target location was predictable. Peak head-on-trunk displacement and velocity were reduced both ipsi- and contralaterally with respect to the direction of torticollis. Surprisingly, peak trunk velocity was also reduced, even more than in previously studied @entity1 with @entity191 . As a consequence, @entity1 made short, hypometric gaze saccades and only exceptionally foveated initially nonvisible targets with a single large gaze shift (4 % of predictable trials as opposed to 30 % in controls). Foveation of distant targets was massively delayed by more than half a second on average. Spontaneous @entity42385 did not interfere with the execution of voluntary gaze shifts. The results show that neck @entity3519 does not arise from gaze ( @entity735 ) motor centres but the eye-to-foot turning synergy is seriously compromised. For the first time we identify significant 'secondary' complications of torticollis such as trunk @entity2845 and foveation delays, likely to cause additional disability in @entity1 . Eye movements per se are intact and compensate for the reduced head/trunk performance in an adaptive manner.

title: Trunk XXXX and foveation delays during whole-body turns in spasmodic torticollis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity42385 :: ('MESH:C536300', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic head movements']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntarily rotated eyes']

answer: @entity2845 :: (MESH:D018476,Disease) :: ['bradykinesia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This longitudinal study examined multiple factors that influence survival in a cohort of @entity195 @entity1 followed over two decades. METHODS: Time to @entity204 after symptom onset was determined in 641 probable @entity195 @entity1 who were evaluated annually until @entity204 or loss to follow-up, and information was entered into a longitudinal database. Date of @entity204 was available for everyone including those eventually lost. Baseline variables included age, sex, race, disease severity, a calculated index of rate of initial @entity73 from symptom onset to cohort entry (pre-progression rate or @entity11595 ), years of education, and medical comorbidities ( @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity301 , @entity66 ). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to analyze the baseline and/or time dependent association in Mini-mental Status Exam (MMSE) severity, Physical Self Maintenance Scale (PSMS), Persistency Index (PI) of exposure to antipsychotic and antidementia drugs, and @entity716 ( @entity1833 , delusions) with mortality. RESULTS: Baseline covariates significantly associated with increased survival were younger age (p = .0016), female sex (p = .0001), and a slower @entity11595 (p < .0001). Overall disease severity at baseline, medical comorbidities, and education did not influence time to @entity204 . Time-dependent changes in antipsychotic drug use, development of @entity716 , antidementia drug use, and observed MMSE change were not predictive. In the final model the only time-dependent covariate that significantly decreased survival was worsening of functional ability on the PSMS (hazard ratio = 1.10; CI: 1.07-1.11). CONCLUSIONS: In this large @entity195 cohort survival is influenced by age, sex, and the development of functional disability during follow-up. The most important predictor of mortality was a faster rate of @entity73 at the initial @entity1 visit ( @entity11595 ). The currently available antidementia drugs do not prolong survival in @entity195 @entity1 .

title: Factors that influence survival in a probable XXXX cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone @entity3 can cause @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity3557 . There is, however, limited information about the clinical presentations and prognoses of @entity1 with @entity3557 with bone @entity3 in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 39 @entity1 with @entity3557 with bone @entity3 treated at our center from 1977 through 1995 was retrospectively reviewed to elucidate the clinical presentations and results of treatment of this disease. RESULTS: The occurrence rate of bone @entity3 in @entity3557 was 4.3%. Of the 39 @entity1 , whose mean age was 57.5 years, 28 (71.8%) had follicular and 11 (28.2%) had @entity1377 . Thirty-two @entity1 (82.1%) were female and 7 (17.9%) were male. Twenty-nine @entity1 (74.4%) presented with bone @entity3 before the @entity259 were diagnosed. Bone @entity3 were detected using radiography in 33 @entity1 and using 131I scans in 28 @entity1 . Thirty-one @entity1 (79.5%) had multiple bone @entity3 . The spine was the most frequently involved site (53.8%). Three @entity1 were disease-free and 14 @entity1 died during the course of treatment. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the 5-year survival rate was estimated to be 64.9%. CONCLUSION: Bone @entity3 , although rare in @entity1 with @entity1377 , was not very uncommon in @entity1 with @entity189 . Bone @entity3 occurred more often in older @entity1 . Multiple bone @entity3 were noted more often than single bone @entity3 . Most @entity1 had symptoms and signs resulting from metastatic @entity79 . Although multimodality therapy was tried, the prognoses for most @entity1 with bone @entity3 were poor.

title: XXXX with bone @entity3 : a series of 39 cases during a period of 18 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary or follicular thyroid carcinomas', 'papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma', 'papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and correlates of mood, @entity148 , and @entity1314 among lifetime inhalant users. METHODS: Statistical analyses were based on data from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity167 and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative survey of adults in the United States. RESULTS: Inhalant users (N=664) had high lifetime prevalences of DSM-IV mood (48%), @entity148 (36%), and @entity1314 (45%) disorders. Of all inhalant users, 70% met criteria for at least one lifetime mood, @entity148 , or @entity1314 and 38% experienced a mood or @entity148 in the past year. Prevalences of comorbid @entity146 varied by gender. Compared with male inhalant users, female inhalant users had higher prevalences of lifetime dysthymia (24% versus 16%), any @entity148 (53% versus 30%), @entity4697 without @entity8396 (25% versus 11%), and specific @entity913 (28% versus 14%), but a lower prevalence of @entity10420 (22% versus 36%). Female inhalant users also were more likely than male inhalant users to meet criteria for three or more mood or @entity148 (15% versus 8%) in the past year. Among inhalant users with comorbid disorders, those who developed social or specific @entity913 typically experienced onset of these disorders prior to initiation of inhalant use; all other mood and @entity148 usually developed following the onset of inhalant use. Inhalant users who were @entity1 , poor, less educated, with early onset of inhalant use, family histories of psychopathology, and personal histories of substance abuse treatment had increased odds of @entity146 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 are highly prevalent among inhalant users nationally and female inhalant users are more likely than male inhalant users to experience multiple @entity146 . Inhalant use and its consequences among females warrant greater research attention.

title: @entity146 in inhalant users: results from The National Epidemiologic Survey on XXXX and Related Conditions.

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'Psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality', 'personality disorder', 'personality disorders']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: @entity308 is associated with various endocrine disturbances. Apart from the well-known @entity2915 of the @entity2339 , also the function of the @entity2339 and of the @entity2339 may be altered compared to healthy subjects. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin is involved in mood regulation and may have antidepressant effects. In addition, it has been shown to suppress secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in healthy subjects. Aim of this study was therefore to test the effect of ghrelin on the activity of the HPG and @entity2339 in @entity1 with @entity308 . Therefore, secretion profiles of LH and TSH were determined in 14 unmedicated @entity1 with @entity308 (7  @entity1 ) twice, receiving 50   g ghrelin or placebo at 2200, 2300, 0000, and 0100  h. LH secretion after ghrelin injection as assessed by the AUC (4.05      1.18  mlIU  min/ml) was significantly (P  =  0.049) lower than after placebo injection (4.75      1.33  mlIU  min/ml) during the predefined intervention period (2220-0200  h). In addition, LH pulses occurred significantly (P  =  0.045) less frequently after ghrelin injection (3.2      1.4) than after placebo injection (3.9      1.7). Mean TSH plasma levels were significantly lower at 0240  h and from 0320 until 0420  h after ghrelin injection than after placebo injection. In conclusion, ghrelin suppressed nocturnal secretion of LH and TSH in @entity1 with @entity308 . However, these effects were weaker than previously shown in healthy subjects.

title: Ghrelin suppresses nocturnal secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in XXXX with @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis', 'HPT axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression', 'Major depression']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Latin-Americans have a heterogeneous ancestry that is defined by their place of domicile, while Hispanics are defined as those @entity1 of Spanish descent. These two groups have a diverse range of skin phototypes and @entity2118 and are prone to an increased incidence of @entity1709 and @entity32 . @entity306 has been conducted to evaluate the frequency, course, effects, tolerability and treatment response of @entity272 in Hispanic and Latin-American populations. From the limited data that are available it is considered that the treatment of @entity1709 in these two groups does not differ from the general population. First-line therapy of @entity1709 should consist of effective topical therapies, mainly a fixed triple combination of @entity8156 , @entity1968 and @entity20773 . Where @entity1 have either sensitivity or triple combination therapy is unavailable, other compounds with dual ingredients may be considered as an alternative. Options for second-line therapy include peels either alone or in combination with topical therapy. Lasers should rarely be used in the treatment of @entity1709 and then only as third-line therapy in cases of @entity1709 which is resistant to all other therapies. If applied, skin type must be taken into account. Irritation and sensitivity can be a concern in darker-skinned Hispanic @entity1 and for this reason, the risk of @entity32 ( @entity32 ) following treatment should be considered.

title: Ethnic considerations in the treatment of Hispanic and Latin-American XXXX with hyperpigmentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['PIH', 'post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity20773 :: ('MESH:D005446', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['Little research']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radical nephrectomy with @entity5 thrombectomy in @entity1 with @entity1358 and level I to III @entity715 extension is directly associated with an improved prognosis. However, radical surgery in @entity1 with level IV @entity715 extension is associated with high perioperative mortality, even if long-term survival is possible. In this report, we describe an alternative technique of vena caval and @entity5 thrombectomy to decrease perioperative mortality and morbidity. METHODS: A cohort of 6 @entity1 aged 46, 50, 53, 56, 54, and 52 years underwent radical nephrectomy with @entity5 thrombectomy from the vena cava and right atrium under mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and intermittent cross-clamping of the supraceliac abdominal aorta. Intraatrial @entity5 thrombectomy was performed on a beating, perfused heart in 4 @entity1 and a hypothermic, cardioplegia-perfused heart in 2 @entity1 . RESULTS: There were no early or late deaths. The aortic cross-clamp time was 12 and 15 minutes for @entity1 5 and 6, respectively. The cumulative hepatic and renal ischemic time was 16 minutes (range, 14 to 22 minutes) at 32 degrees C. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 53.3 +/- 8.9 minutes (range, 40 to 65 minutes). At a mean follow-up of 43 +/- 24.6 months (range, 10 to 70 months), all @entity1 are active and remain disease-free. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that radical nephrectomy and @entity5 thrombectomy in @entity1 with level IV thrombi can be safely performed with cardiopulmonary bypass, mild @entity2332 . and intermittent supraceliac abdominal aortic occlusion, avoiding potential hematologic, hepatic, @entity16 associated with @entity1167 .

title: Novel techniques for @entity5 thrombectomy for @entity1358 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intraatrial tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['renal, neurologic, and septic complications']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intraatrial tumor thrombus']


abstract: Single-walled @entity505 nanotubes have gained enormous popularity due to a variety of potential applications which will ultimately lead to increased @entity1 and environmental exposure to these nanoparticles. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the inflammatory response of immortalised and primary @entity1 lung epithelial cells (A549 and NHBE) to single-walled @entity505 nanotube samples (SWCNT). Special focus was placed on the mediating role of lung surfactant on particle @entity137 . The @entity137 of SWCNT dispersed in cell culture medium was compared to that of nanotubes dispersed in @entity4747 ( @entity4748 , the main component of lung lining fluid). Exposure was carried out for 6 to 48 h with the latter time-point showing the most significant responses. Moreover, exposure was performed in the presence of the pro-inflammatory stimulus tumour @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) in order to mimic exposure of stimulated cells, as would occur during @entity281 . Endpoints evaluated included cell viability, proliferation and the analysis of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-8, @entity650 , @entity310 and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ). Crocidolite asbestos was included as a well characterised, @entity137 fibre control. The results of this study showed that HiPco SWCNT samples suppress inflammatory responses of A549 and NHBE cells. This was also true for @entity310 stimulated cells. The use of @entity4748 improved the degree of SWCNT dispersion in A549 medium and in turn, leads to increased particle @entity137 , however, it was not shown to modify NHBE cell responses.

title: SWCNT suppress inflammatory mediator responses in XXXX lung epithelium in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'macrophage chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Partial @entity155 of the optic nerve head is a rare and severe complication of ocular blunt @entity130 . OBSERVATION: We report the case of a 28-year-old @entity1 presenting to the emergency department for blunt @entity130 to his right eye with a basketball. Visual acuity was decreased to hand motion, and fundus examination showed a @entity548 . After five days, the preretinal @entity1410 spontaneously dispersed into the vitreous cavity. Because of the persistence of an intravitreal @entity548 and the lack of visual recovery, a vitrectomy was performed 2 months later, leading to the diagnosis of a partial @entity18489 with cicatricial @entity5219 on fundus exam and angiography. Six months after vitrectomy, the visual acuity was 4/10 P4 in the right eye and the visual field showed an @entity1019 corresponding to the @entity130 . Seven months later, the visual acuity had decreased progressively, secondary to the development of a macular epiretinal membrane. A membrane peel was performed with a visual acuity recovery to 3/10 P4 after a 3-year follow-up. DISCUSSION: Through a complete literature review, we describe the clinical signs, the mechanism, the treatment and the natural history of this poorly known disease. CONCLUSION: @entity18489 must be considered in cases of @entity130 with forced rotation of the eye. Individualized management and monitoring of complications are essential to the preservation of residual visual acuity, especially in case of partial @entity155 .

title: [ @entity18489 : case report of partial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'prepapillary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity18489 :: ('MESH:D020221', 'Disease') :: ['Optic nerve avulsion', 'optic nerve avulsion']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['absolute infero-nasal scotoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'temporal injury']

answer: @entity18489 :: (MESH:D020221,Disease) :: ['optic nerve avulsion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is recommended that @entity174 be treated earlier than in adults, within 3-7 days of the injury. This study was aimed at evaluating if delayed treatment could affect surgical outcomes of @entity174 . METHODS: Pediatric @entity1 ( <=17 years) with nasal @entity174 , who underwent corrective surgery between 2003 and 2011, were reviewed. @entity1 who underwent previous septo/rhinoplasty, or who had a previous nasal fractures and combined @entity174 , were excluded. A telephone survey was conducted, and clinical data and results from early ( <=7 days) and delayed (>7 days) treatment groups were evaluated. RESULTS: Out of 56 eligible @entity1 , 48 (85.7%) underwent closed reduction (CR) only, and eight (14.3%) were given combined rhinoplastic (CR+) approaches. Out of 35 @entity1 who underwent CR alone or CR+ and responded to the telephone interview, the long-term cosmetic results were good, with a median score of 2; the long-term nasal obstruction was minimal with a median score of 1. The median follow up period was 62 months (range 6-109). The elapsed time from injury to surgery did not affect @entity1 satisfaction in terms of cosmetic outcomes (P=0.939) and nasal obstruction (P=0.264). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity174 , regardless of delayed or early treatment, the cosmetic outcome was consistently good, and nasal obstruction was nearly absent. Based on the time period from injury to surgery, the surgical outcome of delayed treatment group was also good.

title: XXXX : does delayed treatment really lead to adverse outcomes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric nasal bone fractures', 'bone fractures', 'facial bone fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pediatric nasal bone fractures']


abstract: We report a SAH case of a ruptured dissecting @entity439 of the middle cerebral artery following parietooccipital subcortical @entity548 . A 68-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital, complaining of @entity10 . On admission she was alert with left @entity1805 . A CT scan disclosed subcortical @entity548 in the right parieto-occipital lobe. An angiogram revealed no abnormal vessels. Seven days after admission, she suddenly lapsed into unconsciousness with @entity1269 . A CT scan demonstrated @entity510 with a right sylvian @entity1410 . A second angiogram revealed fusiform dilatation of the M2 branches and @entity384 at the M1-M2 bifurcation. Following conservative therapy, she died 21 days after admission. The relationship between subcortical @entity548 and the subsequent @entity510 was not certain. We discuss and review the treatment of a dissecting @entity439 of the middle cerebral artery.

title: [Dissecting @entity439 of the middle cerebral artery (M1-2 portion) with XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['homonymous hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the importance of morphological scoring systems in differentiation of @entity43 in childhood. METHODS: Morphological assessment using DePriest's index was performed for all @entity1 with histopathological @entity43 , with evaluation of @entity5 markers, from January 1997. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 (age range 13 months to 19 years) were surgically treated for 59 @entity43 , including six bilateral. All lesions with cystic appearance on ultrasonography were benign, 23 of 35 semisolid, and four of ten solid @entity5 were also benign. Stage of @entity5 was as follows: stage I, ten; stage II, two; stage III, six. Sensitivity, positive predictive value and accuracy by DePriest's and Ueland's indexes for @entity5 (score <7) were: 0.88, 0.79; 0.89; and 0.94, 0.84; 0.93; respectively. Elevated levels of @entity5 markers were observed in 17 @entity1 , including four @entity1 with endocrine manifestations. In 24 @entity1 ovaries were successfully preserved, including two @entity1 with foci of @entity44 in a @entity48 . CONCLUSION: Ultrasonographic assessment with morphological analysis recommended by DePriest and Ueland is a very useful procedure for differentiating benign from malignant @entity43 in @entity1 . @entity5 markers and endocrinological investigation are also useful for preoperative evaluation.

title: Pre-operative differentiation of pediatric XXXX : morphological scoring system and @entity5 markers.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'confirmation of ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'Tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immature teratoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: @entity3237 , the product of the @entity28 ( @entity28 ) gene, is a 16 kilodalton protein secreted from adipose tissue. Restoration of @entity3237 to @entity28 @entity28 / @entity28 @entity19 leads to normalization of body weight. The effect of @entity3237 in larger animals has not been explored, in part because of limited supplies of @entity3237 . To date, the potency and yield of recombinant @entity3237 purified from a variety of eukaryotic sources or from @entity526 has been highly variable. While purification of @entity3237 from @entity526 inclusion bodies has afforded the greatest yield of protein, its potency is at least an order of magnitude lower than that of @entity3237 secreted from @entity526 or eukaryotic cells. The mechanistic basis of this difference in potency is not clear at present. The ability to purify significant quantities of highly active @entity3237 will be crucial for the evaluation of @entity3237 structure, as well as its function in additional animal models of @entity28 . We now report a facile protocol for the preparation of recombinant @entity3237 using an @entity526 expression system. 75-85 milligrams of @entity3237 with a purity of greater than 97 % was prepared from a liter of recombinant E. coil. The procedure can be performed in less than 48 h and requires no chromatography. Intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg/kg renatured @entity3237 into @entity28 / @entity28 @entity19 results in a significant @entity448 . The potency of this material is similar to the most potent recombinant @entity3237 described to date. The ability to rapidly prepare large quantities of high specific activity material will hasten the definition of @entity3237 's role in non-rodent models of @entity28 .

title: Purification of milligram quantities of human leptin from recombinant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['ob', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in food consumption']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A strategy for stacking multiple ceramic 3D photonic crystals is developed. Periodically structured porous films are produced by vertical convective self-assembly of @entity852 (PS) microspheres. After infiltration of the opaline templates by @entity655 ( @entity655 ) of @entity6701 and thermal decomposition of the @entity852 matrix, a ceramic 3D photonic crystal is formed. Further layers with different sizes of pores are deposited subsequently by repetition of the process. The influence of process parameters on morphology and photonic properties of double and triple stacks is systematically studied. Prolonged contact of amorphous @entity6701 films with warm water during self-assembly of the successive templates is found to result in exaggerated roughness of the surfaces re-exposed to @entity655 . Ranndom scattering on rough internal surfaces disrupts ballistic transport of incident photons into deeper layers of the multistacks. Substantially smoother interfaces are obtained by calcination of the structure after each infiltration, which converts amorphous @entity6701 into the crystalline anatase before resuming the @entity655 infiltration. High quality triple stacks consisting of anatase inverse opals with different pore sizes are demonstrated for the first time. The elaborated fabrication method shows promise for various applications demanding broadband dielectric reflectors or @entity6701 photonic crystals with a long mean free path of photons.

title: Bottom-up Fabrication of Multilayer Stacks of 3D Photonic Crystals from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['atomic layer deposition', 'ALD']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['Titanium Dioxide']


abstract: Investigation of the cell S--Ig in @entity981 ( @entity981 ), at the onset of relapse of the disease, shows quite marked differences from @entity1 to @entity1 according to the extent of the immunofluorescent-positive cells. They may vary from 0.5 to 25% or more. When these Ig-positive cells are treated with trypsin and then incubated "in vitro" for six hours, many of them are no longer Ig-positive, i.e. they do not synthesize Ig. It might be possible, that the membrane-Ig observed before trypsinization does not represent true Ig-determinants of mature B-cells (antibodies attached to @entity1778 -specific determinants?). The extent of these features decrease in remission until their disappearance. Relationship between the cell immunological patterns and the treatment response in @entity981 could exist. In a group of @entity981 - @entity1 under the same treatment, that is, @entity1891 and @entity229 , the correlation between the course of the disease after the above-mentioned therapy showed quick and complete remission in @entity1 with low percentage of Ig-positive cells (below 10%) and poor improvement (often without complete remission) in @entity1 with higher percentage of Ig-positive cells. Among the most important B-lymphocyte abnormalities in @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) are the following: (a) fluorescence intensity may vary not only from @entity1 to @entity1 , but also from cell to cell in the same @entity1 ; (b) the Fc-receptor can be lacking; (c) the C3b-receptor is not always present, or it is from 2 to 20-folds less frequent than the C3d-receptor, whereas normal @entity1 lymphocytes do not show any outstanding differences between the number of EAC rosette-forming cells either when tested with @entity19 complement (C3d-receptor) or with @entity1 complement C3b-receptor); (d) the traffic capacity of peripheral-blood B-lymphocytes in @entity6444 is quite defective. Results of the observations on lymphocytes in @entity6444 , taken as a whole, suggest that @entity6444 is in general given by the expansion of an abnormal clone of cells of B origin, arrested in their maturative development, non-responsive to the mitogen stimulation, accumulating in the peripheral-blood for a @entity942 . On the contrary, the T-cells class is apparently normal, and the T-cell extent in @entity6444 can be even greater than normal when taken as absolute value.

title: Lymphocyte immunological patterns in XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['CLL-peripheral blood', 'CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['traffic deficiency']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: KD-247 is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the third hypervariable (V3) loop of @entity7957 . It can efficiently neutralize a broad panel of clade B, but not non-clade B, @entity2858 isolates. To overcome this limitation, we are seeking to prepare genetically-engineered single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of KD-247 that will have broader neutralizing activity against both clade B and non-clade B @entity2858 isolates. Initial attempts of optimizing the expression of KD-247 @entity10390 have resulted in the formation of insoluble protein. Therefore, we have established purification protocols to recover, purify, and refold the KD-247 @entity10390 from inclusion bodies. The protocol involved step-wise refolding of denatured @entity10390 by dilution, dialysis, and on-column nickel-affinity purification. Monomeric @entity10390 was further purified by size-exclusion chromatography. Using far UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy we confirmed the expected beta-sheet profile of the refolded KD-247 @entity10390 . Importantly, the refolded KD-247 @entity10390 showed neutralizing activity against replication-competent @entity2858 BaL and JR-FL Env pseudotyped @entity2858 , at potency comparable to that of the native full-size KD-247 antibody. Ongoing studies focus on the application of this system in generating KD-247 @entity10390 variants with the ability to neutralize clade B and non-clade B @entity2858 isolates.

title: Preparation of biologically active single-chain variable antibody fragments that target the @entity2858 XXXX V3 loop.

answer: @entity7957 :: (3700,Gene) :: ['gp120']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the effectiveness of intramedullary fixation of displaced long bones shaft @entity174 in skeletally immature @entity1 using the elastic stable intramedullary nails. @entity1 AND METHODS: The case records of 173 @entity1 who underwent fixation with @entity702 intramedulary nails because of long bones @entity174 were reviewed. The average age of the @entity1 was 11.7 years, and mean follow-up was 41.3 months. There were 55 humeral, 42 forearm, 42 femoral and 36 @entity174 . Subjective satisfaction was assessed. RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved complete healing at a mean of 7.5 weeks. Complications were recorded in 11 (6.3%) @entity1 and included: one neuropraxia, six entry site skin irritations, two protrusions of the wires through the skin and two @entity272 at the entry site. In a subjective measure of outcome at follow-up, 89% of @entity1 were very satis   ed and 11% satis   ed; no @entity1 reported their outcome as not satis   ed. The implants were removed at a median time of six months from the index operation. CONCLUSION: Elastic Stable Intra-medullary Nailing is the method of choice for the pediatrics @entity1 , because it is minimaly invasive and shows very good functional and cosmetic results. It allows an early functional and cast-free follow-up with a quick @entity158 reduction.

title: Elastic stable intramedullary nailing for XXXX : experience with 175 @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial fractures']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pediatric long bone fractures']


abstract: Suction rectal biopsy (SRB) may not include sufficient submucosa for histological diagnosis of @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) and a repeat biopsy is required. Substitution of the conventional syringe for sustained suction from a machine or wall suction unit could provide a more consistently adequate tissue biopsy. This study was conducted to compare the adequacy of SRB specimens using a conventional method of syringe suction (SSRB) with those taken by wall or machine suction (WSRB). Hospital records of @entity1 who had a SRB between 2002 and 2004 were studied retrospectively. The biopsy was considered inadequate if there was insufficient submucosa and a repeat specimen was requested. SSRB were taken using the conventional SSRB technique. WSRB were taken with the same Noblett forceps but with suction from wall suction or from a portable suction machine. Ninety-five @entity1 had 103 SRB, 24 had WSRB and all (100%) were adequate for histopathological diagnosis or exclusion of @entity1963 . Seventy nine conventional SSRB were undertaken in 71 @entity1 of which 64 (81.02%) were adequate. The difference in adequacy between WSRB and SSRB was statistically significant (P = 0.02). There were no instances of @entity548 or bowel perforation in either subgroup. WSRB with the Noblett biopsy forceps is more likely to produce an adequate specimen and to reduce the incidence of repeat biopsies.

title: Wall or machine suction rectal biopsy for XXXX : a simple modified technique can improve the adequacy of biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: @entity16420 are an icon for international conservation, yet little is known about their physiology due to their secretive nature. To overcome these challenges, non-invasive methods were used to monitor rhinoceros in two sections of Addo @entity16871 National Park, South Africa, namely Addo and Nyathi. These sections were separated by a public road, and the numbers of elephants, predators and tourists were higher in Addo. Faecal samples (n   =   231) were collected (from July 2007 to November 2010) from known individuals and analysed for progestagen and @entity342 metabolite (FPM and FAM, respectively) concentrations. As biotic factors could impact reproduction, we predicted that demographics, FPM and FAM would vary between sections and with respect to season (calendar and wet/dry), climate and age of the rhinoceros. Mean FPM concentrations from pregnant females were seven times higher (P   <   0.05) than samples from non-pregnant rhinoceros. Positive relationships were found between monthly temperatures and FPM from non-pregnant females (r (2)   =   0.25, P   =   0.03) and the percentage of @entity291 born (r   =   0.609, P   =   0.04). Although FAM peaked in the spring, when the majority of @entity291 (40%) were conceived, no seasonal patterns in male @entity342 concentrations were found with respect to month of conception and parturition. Females in Addo had a longer inter-calving interval and were less likely to be pregnant (P   <   0.05) compared with those in Nyathi. The biotic stressors (e.g. predators and more competitors) within Addo section could be affecting the reproductive physiology of the rhinoceros negatively. Enhanced knowledge about how @entity16420 populations respond to environmental stressors could guide management strategies for improving reproduction.

title: Impacts of environmental pressures on the reproductive physiology of subpopulations of @entity16420 ( @entity16420 bicornis) in Addo XXXX National Park, South Africa.

entities_list: @entity16420 :: ('9805', 'Species') :: ['black rhinoceros', 'Black rhinoceros']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity16871 :: (99490,Species) :: ['Elephant']


abstract: A significant circadian rhythm of acute @entity137 was demonstrated in @entity19 with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ). The role of pharmacokinetics on the rhythms of the @entity137 and electroshock seizure (ES) threshold was investigated. ICR male @entity19 , housed under a light-dark (12:12) cycle, were injected intraperitoneally 1200 mg/kg for the acute @entity137 study and 300 mg/kg for the anticonvulsant effect study. In the acute @entity137 , the highest mortality was found when @entity2052 was injected at 1700 and the lowest at 0900 or 0100. The time course of mean plasma and brain @entity2052 concentrations after an injection of @entity2052 was not different between @entity19 injected at 1700 and @entity19 injected at 0100. In the anticonvulsant effect, no significant circadian rhythm was demonstrated for both the ES threshold and the plasma @entity2052 concentrations after i.p. injection, although a significant rhythm has been reported for them after oral administration. The results suggest that the circadian rhythm in the mortality after an i.p. injection of @entity2052 may be due to the rhythm in the sensitivity of the central nervous system to the drug and that the mechanism underlying the rhythm of @entity2052 acute @entity137 is different from that of the anticonvulsant action of @entity2052 . The route and the time of drug administration are essentially important to study the anticonvulsant effect and acute @entity137 of @entity2052 in @entity19 .

title: Chronotoxicity of XXXX and its mechanisms in @entity19 : dose-concentration-response relationship.

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['sodium valproate']


abstract: In a double-blind trial comparing two thrombolytic agents as treatment for @entity583 , we randomized 270 consecutive @entity1 an average (+/- SD) of 2.5 +/- 0.6 hours after the onset of @entity662 from a first @entity583 --135 to receive intravenous streptokinase (1.5 million units over 30 minutes) and 135 to receive intravenous recombinant @entity1456 (rt-PA) (100 mg over three hours). The primary end point was left ventricular function as assessed by cineangiography performed three weeks after @entity1188 . The effects of the two agents on left ventricular function were similar. The ejection fraction was identical (58 +/- 12 percent) in both groups. The end-systolic volume was 61 +/- 29 ml in the streptokinase group and 66 +/- 31 ml in the rt-PA group (P not significant). Patency rates at three weeks for the @entity1188 were also similar (75 percent in the streptokinase group and 76 percent in the rt-PA group). Reinfarction rates at 30 days were the same (5 percent) in both groups. One @entity1 had a fatal @entity1779 13 hours after receiving rt-PA, and another had a @entity548 21 hours after receiving rt-PA for reinfarction nine days after treatment with streptokinase. An intention-to-treat analysis revealed that mortality at 30 days was 3.7 percent in the rt-PA group as compared with 7.4 percent in the streptokinase group (P greater than 0.2). Follow-up for a mean of 9.0 months revealed no significant difference in survival; we observed 12 @entity204 (8.9 percent) in the streptokinase group and 8 @entity204 (5.9 percent) in the rt-PA group (P = 0.34). We conclude that rt-PA and streptokinase, in the doses given, have similar effects on left ventricular function after a first @entity583 . Because of the small number of @entity204 , it is not possible to determine whether their effects on mortality are similar.

title: Effect of intravenous streptokinase as compared with that of @entity1456 on left ventricular function after first XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['fatal cerebellar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Although transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) autocrine mechanism is widely demonstrated in many kinds of @entity5 , its biological significances still remain circumstantial. We critically assessed the significance of this mechanism on the growth of an @entity43 cell line. Northern blot analysis in polyadenylated RNA isolated from cells by using 32P-labeled pre- @entity7790 , EGRF, and prepro-EGF complementary DNAs as probes revealed that pre- @entity7790 and @entity470 but not prepro-EGF gene transcripts were expressed in the cell. @entity7790 and @entity470 but not EGF proteins were observed by immunocytochemical stainings, using monoclonal antibodies against @entity1 @entity7790 , @entity470 , and EGF, respectively. This cell line possessed a class of high affinity @entity470 by 125I-EGF binding studies; Kd being 2.9 x 10(-10) M and Bmax to be 7.7 x 10(4) sites/cell. As much as 1.12 +/- 0.14 ng (SD; n = 3)/10(7) cells/24 h of @entity7790 was secreted in the conditioned media. These results suggested the expression of a @entity7790 / @entity470 autocrine mechanism in this cell line. We, therefore, assessed the biological significance of this mechanism on the growth of this cell line in serum-free monolayer cell cultures. Although 0.1, 1.0, and 10 nM concentrations of @entity7790 did not show significant growth promotion, monoclonal antibodies against @entity7790 and @entity470 but not EGF significantly inhibited cell growth. All these data suggested the biological importance of a @entity7790 / @entity470 autocrine mechanism on the growth of this cell line in vitro.

title: Involvement of transforming growth factor alpha/ XXXX autocrine growth mechanism in an @entity43 cell line in vitro.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGF receptor', 'EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: @entity4225 ( @entity4225 ) represents a significant therapeutic challenge. Critical factors in psychotherapeutic treatment of @entity1 with @entity4225 are noticeable and strictly related to the psychopathological dimensions of this disorder: affective and relational instability, @entity146 and precarious definition of identity. These features are emphasized by therapeutic intervention and become evident during the course of the treatment. Psychotherapeutic setting induces @entity4225 @entity1 to actualize the dysfunctional relational patterns that have been acquired during childhood. Specific critical factors concern the characteristics of the @entity1 (risk of suicide, @entity146 , chronic @entity74 , disorganized attachment style), of the therapist (therapeutic skills, training, countertransference, risk of burnout) and of the setting of psychotherapy ( @entity1 selection, therapeutic alliance, need to set limits, duration and end of therapy). In Otto Kernberg's and Marsha Linehan's models of psychotherapy specific for @entity13520 the authors identify substantially overlapping objectives and modalities of intervention. In particular, therapists should take care of @entity1 safety, maintain boundaries of therapeutic setting and promote the development of psychotherapeutic process. The aim of this article is to analyze the main critical factors affecting psychotherapeutic process in @entity1 with @entity4225 . Objectives and priorities that therapist should consider to address these issues will be discussed. We will also try to make clear why interpersonal psychotherapy adapted to @entity13520 can represent one of the therapeutic models that may be useful to manage and resolve these difficulties.

title: [Psychotherapy of XXXX : critical factors and proposals of intervention].

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'Borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral impulsivity', 'aggressive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['course of the disorder']

answer: @entity4225 :: (MESH:D001883,Disease) :: ['borderline personality disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity17963 is increasingly cultured in sputum from @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 ; nevertheless, there are few published data on the clinical impact of this @entity281 . METHODS: Relying on DNA fingerprinting techniques we studied the prevalence of A. @entity17963 in our @entity1577 population. In a retrospective case control study the clinical status of @entity1 with at least 3 sputum cultures positive for A. @entity17963 over at least 9 months, at the moment of the first positive culture and during the period of colonisation were compared to age (+/-1 year), gender and to @entity796 colonisation controlled @entity1577 @entity1 who had never A. @entity17963 positive sputum cultures. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1 with at least one positive A. @entity17963 culture was 17.9%. 5.3% of the @entity1 fulfilled the criteria of our definition of colonisation. Colonised @entity1 had a median age of 20 years (range 11-27 years) and a mean colonisation period of 1.5 (+/-0.9) years. At the moment of the first positive culture we found significantly lower Bhalla scores on HRCT scans of the lungs (11+/-3 versus 16+/-3, p<0.002), lower Brasfield chest X-ray scores (14+/-3 versus 18+/-3, p<0.019), lower FVC values (70%+/-22 versus 94%+/-12, p<0.017) and lower FEV(1) values (55%+/-32 versus 78%+/-23, p=0.123), although the latter did not reach significance. There was no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) (18.7+/-3 kg/m2 versus 19.6+/-3 kg/m2, p=0.8). Over the study period A. @entity17963 -colonised @entity1 did have more need for intravenous antibiotic treatment courses (19 versus 5, p<0.001); nevertheless, there was no significant difference in lung function decline over the study period (FVC: -6.25+/-12.34% versus -5.62+/-8.30%, p 0.77, FEV1: -5.62+/-8.30% versus -1.87+/-11.58%, p<0.47). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of A. @entity17963 infection or colonisation is probably underestimated. Colonised @entity1 are mostly older, with more pronounced lung damage and lower lung function values. Although there was more need for intravenous antibiotic treatment courses, no faster @entity358 was observed in A. @entity17963 positive @entity1 .

title: @entity17963 in XXXX : prevalence and clinical relevance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection or chronic colonisation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['decline in lung function']

entities_list: @entity17963 :: ('85698', 'Species') :: ['Achromobacter xylosoxidans', 'xylosoxidans']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Developmental changes in the @entity141 dynamics of @entity1 zygotes and preimplantation embryos were related to changes in the distribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). The fertilization-induced @entity141 oscillations were typically observed over > 5 h, were @entity8452 -sensitive and showed a periphery-to-centre propagation of @entity141 waves. At the same time, ER and @entity7131 were accumulated in the cell periphery. After the appearance of pronuclei, @entity8452 -sensitive @entity141 oscillations of lower amplitude and frequency were observed until the pronuclear breakdown. However, @entity141 waves then began in the perinuclear region, in the area of ER and @entity7131 accumulation and spread towards the cell periphery. During the second to fourth cell cycle, small sinusoidal @entity141 fluctuations were observed; sparse higher-amplitude @entity141 spikes, superimposed on these basal fluctuations, appeared shortly before cell division. The sinusoidal @entity141 fluctuations were asynchronous in individual blastomeres and disappeared progressively in arrested embryos. The direction of @entity141 wave propagation and the distribution of ER and @entity7131 were similar to the situation observed in pronuclear zygotes. In contrast to the zygotes, @entity8452 did not arrest the @entity141 oscillations but augmented their amplitude and frequency. These data suggest that @entity1 pre-embryos use different mechanisms of @entity141 signalling in the early post-fertilization period, during the pronuclear development and during cleavage.

title: Developmental changes in calcium dynamics, @entity7131 distribution and endoplasmic reticulum organization in XXXX preimplantation embryos.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) have regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, exerted by cell-cell contact and in a paracrine fashion. Part of their immunosuppressive activity has been ascribed to their ability to promote the induction of @entity1961 +CD25+ @entity3744 + T lymphocytes with regulatory functions (Treg). Here the authors studied the effect of MSCs on the induction of Treg and on the development of @entity792 , and they examined the possibility that MSC-mediated Treg induction could be attributed to the secretion of soluble factors. METHODS: The authors induced experimental @entity792 (EAU) in @entity19 by immunization with the 1-20 peptide of the intraphotoreceptor binding protein. At the same time, some of the animals were treated intraperitoneally with syngeneic MSCs. The authors checked T-cell responses and in vitro Treg conversion by cell proliferation and blocking assays, in cell-cell contact and transwell settings. @entity641 and @entity641 receptor gene expression analyses were performed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The authors found that a single intraperitoneal injection of MSCs was able to significantly attenuate EAU and that a significantly higher percentage of adaptive Treg was present in MSC-treated @entity19 than in MSC-untreated animals. In vitro blocking of antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II precluded priming and clonal expansion of antigen-specific Treg, whereas blockade of @entity641 impaired the expression of @entity3744 , preventing the conversion of @entity1961 + T cells into functionally active Treg. CONCLUSIONS: The authors demonstrated that MSCs can inhibit EAU and that their immunomodulatory function is due at least in part to the induction of antigen-specific Treg in a paracrine fashion by secreting @entity641 .

title: Mesenchymal stem cells induce functionally active T-regulatory lymphocytes in a paracrine fashion and ameliorate experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune uveitis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In two kidney-one clip @entity2792 (2K1C), blood flow is reduced in the clipped kidney leading to ischaemia. The non-clipped kidney is characterized by increased shear stress. Circulating @entity1808 is elevated. All these factors are stimuli of the paracrine renal endothelin system. Indeed, we demonstrated an activation of the renal endothelin system in the 2K1C @entity35 model. METHODS: We analysed the effects of chronic treatment with the ETA receptor antagonist @entity11344 on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma @entity3449 activity, and on the progression of @entity631 , interstitial @entity82 and vascular remodeling in the clipped and non-clipped kidney. RESULTS: Long-term treatment with @entity11344 led to a @entity194 of the clipped kidney characterized by a significantly reduced weight of the clipped kidney compared to the clipped kidney of the placebo-treated group. Computer-aided image analysis revealed a markedly enhanced interstitial @entity82 of these clipped kidneys after long-term ETA blockade. The effects of ETA receptor antagonists on the non-clipped kidney were less pronounced. Neither blood pressure nor plasma @entity3449 activity were significantly altered by @entity11344 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that long-term blockade of the activated endothelin system in the clipped kidney of @entity35 with @entity2792 using an ETA receptor antagonist led to a @entity194 of the clipped kidney.

title: ETA receptor blockade induces XXXX of the clipped kidney in two-kidney-one-clip renovascular hypertensive @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate symmetry of the lip and nose in @entity1 with CUCLP after primary cheiloseptoplasty (Afroze technique), in comparison to non-cleft controls. METHODOLOGY: In this prospective study, forty-four @entity1 with operated non-syndromic CUCLP were included. The control group consisted of 44 volunteers without cleft defects of approximately the same age and sex. Primary septoplasty was performed in conjunction with the @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) repair using the Afroze incision. 3D facial images were acquired using 3D stereophotogrammetry. After a 3D cephalometric analysis of the lip and nose was performed in both groups, linear and volumetric data were acquired. Lip and nose symmetry were calculated and compared using Student s t-tests as well as the Chi square test. RESULTS: For all measurements, the control group was up to 36% closer to perfect symmetry compared to the CUCLP group after primary surgery. This difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: After primary cheiloseptoplasty according to the Afroze technique in @entity1 with CUCLP, asymmetry in the nose and lip area still exists as compared to non-cleft controls. Although non-cleft individuals also show some degree of asymmetry, the results of this study stress the difficulty in obtaining near normal symmetrical relations.

title: 3D stereophotogrammetric analysis of lip and nasal symmetry after primary XXXX repair.

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cheiloseptoplasty in complete unilateral cleft lip']


abstract: We have previously reported the successful development of hematopoietic chimerism after the in utero transplantation of fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ). These animals exhibit sustained engraftment without immunosuppression or @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). To assess the functional response of the donor-derived erythropoietic population, we assayed the relative expression of donor and recipient hematopoietic progenitors in chimeric monkeys before and after anemic stress. @entity417 in our chimeric animals resulted in increased @entity40613 ( @entity40613 ) production comparable to controls. This was accompanied by changes in erythroid progenitor profiles, again similar to controls. Chimeric animals demonstrated normal reticulocytosis and reconstituted their hematocrit after @entity548 at the same rate as controls. The donor-derived erythropoietic population exhibited normal responses to recipient regulatory signals and did not seem to expand at the expense of other hematopoietic lineages. Thus the proportions of engraftment for the myeloid and erythroid precursors in bone marrow and for blood lymphocytes remained stable. Our results demonstrate that the in utero transplantation of fetal HSC results in stable engraftment of donor erythropoietic progenitors, which appear to be fully integrated within the recipient's regulatory system. The abnormalities reported in the postnatal transplantation setting can then be attributed to immunologic reactions requiring conditioning myeloablative regimens. Fetal transplantation bypasses all these factors.

title: Effect of erythropoietic stress on donor hematopoietic cell expression in chimeric XXXX transplanted in utero.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys', 'Macaca mulatta']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although in many cases of @entity17539 , laser therapy has become the standard treatment, opinion still differs regarding the risks related to the relatively high rate of recurrence that accompanies this form of treatment. In this study, we reviewed the results of @entity3278 :yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet laser treatment of 44 consecutive @entity1 with @entity17539 in our institution from 1986 to 2003. METHODS: We created five groups, on the basis of the T stage and grade of the @entity5 . Of the 44 @entity1 , 21 had Stage T1, 17 had Stage T2, and 6 had @entity189 in situ. RESULTS: Local disease recurrence (in the treated area) occurred in 48% of the treated @entity1 , and in 20% of the @entity1 , the first recurrence was elsewhere on the glans penis. These were subsequently treated by laser therapy or partial amputation. In 10 cases, nodal @entity3 were found. Eight of these cases were Stage T2. Our results suggest a stronger prognostic role for the primary T stage of the @entity5 than for the @entity5 grade, with respect to the risk of nodal @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: From the high recurrence rate in our series, we decided to perform a wider initial laser excision and to diminish the number of retreatments to less than three. We also now believe that laser therapy is best for Stage Tis and T1 @entity5 exclusively. Only selected @entity1 with T2 @entity5 should be treated in combination with early lymph node resection.

title: Long-term follow-up after laser therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinoma']

answer: @entity17539 :: (MESH:D010412,Disease) :: ['penile carcinoma']


abstract: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for the detection of IgG, IgG4 and IgE antibodies against Strongyloides stercoralis. A commercial ELISA (IVD Research, USA) was also used, and the sensitivities and specificities of the four assays were determined. Serum samples from 26 @entity1 with S. stercoralis infection and 55 @entity1 with other @entity281 or no infection were analysed. Sensitivities of the IgG4 , IgG, IgE and IgG (IVD) assays were 76.9%, 84.6%, 7.7% and 84.6%, respectively, while the specificities were 92.7%, 81.8%, 100% and 83.6%, respectively. If @entity6565 samples were excluded, the specificities of the IgG4 -ELISA and both IgG-ELISAs increased to 100% and 98%, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between IgG- and IgG4 -ELISAs (r = 0.4828; P = 0.0125). IgG- and IgG- (IVD) ELISAs (r = 0.309) were positively correlated, but was not significant (P = 0.124). Meanwhile there was no correlation between IgG4 - and IgG- (IVD) ELISAs (r = 0.0042; P = 0.8294). Sera from @entity6565 @entity1 showed weak, positive correlation between the titres of antifilarial IgG4 and the optical densities of anti-Strongyloides IgG4 -ELISA (r = 0.4544, P = 0.0294). In conclusion, the detection of both anti-Strongyloides IgG4 and IgG antibodies could improve the serodiagnosis of @entity1 @entity13739 . Furthermore, @entity1 from @entity3754 endemic areas who are serologically diagnosed with @entity13739 should also be tested for @entity6565 .

title: Laboratory detection of @entity13739 : IgG-, IgG4 - and IgE-ELISAs and cross-reactivity with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis', 'brugian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity13739 :: ('MESH:D013322', 'Disease') :: ['strongyloidiasis']

answer: @entity3754 :: (MESH:D004605,Disease) :: ['lymphatic filariasis']


abstract: Endoscopic surgical treatment has become an option to treat @entity1067 . We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of photoselective vaporization of the prostate ( @entity12468 ) in @entity1 . We evaluated preoperative and perioperative parameters, functional outcomes, and adverse events up to 12 months postoperatively of @entity1 on oral anticoagulation therapy undergoing @entity12468 , and compared the results with @entity1 who did not take anticoagulation therapy. A total of 89 @entity1 who received photoselective vaporization laser for @entity1067 from May 2006 to February 2011 in our hospital were enrolled in our study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups based on whether or not they were taking oral @entity117 ; 23 (25.8%) @entity1 were taking @entity117 derivatives ( @entity117 group), and 66 (74.2%) were not taking @entity117 derivatives (control group). The mean prostate volume (58.8 mL vs 51 mL; P = 0.16) and mean energy consumption (235,268 J vs 289,793 J; P = 0.097) were comparable between the @entity117 group and control group. The average postoperative results of hemoglobin were 13.4 mg/ dL for the @entity117 group versus 13.9 mg/dL for the control group (P = 0.327). A significantly higher maximum flow rates and 80% improved post-void residual urine were noted during the followup. Postoperatively all variable showed significant improvement starting at month 1 of followup and remained improved for the 12 month followup. @entity260 were low and comparable between groups. @entity12468 was characterized by excellent hemostatic properties and a very low intraoperative complication rate, even in the @entity1 who were taking @entity117 . On the basis of our perioperative results, we recommend @entity12468 as a safe and effective procedure for @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1067 when taking an @entity117 derivative.

title: The safety and efficacy of XXXX intake in photoselective vaporization laser treatment of @entity1067 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study examined Maryland dental hygienists' knowledge of @entity286 and @entity167 use as @entity5 risk behaviors; the practice of obtaining comprehensive medical histories regarding @entity1 ' current, past, and type/amount of @entity167 and @entity286 used; and their opinions about the adequacy of their @entity286 and @entity167 cessation educational preparation in a state that ranks unusually high for @entity5 mortality rates. METHODS: The data source was the Maryland Oral Cancer Survey of Dental Hygienists conducted in November 1997 (MDOCSDH, 1997) with a simple random sample of 700 dental hygienists selected from a registry of 2,677 licensed dental hygienists in Maryland. Data were collected with a 40-item self-administered mailed questionnaire. Unweighted data from 331 returned surveys (response rate = 60%) were analyzed using SAS and SUDAAN Software. Stratified and logistic data analysis techniques were utilized, and the results were evaluated statistically using a .05 level of significance. RESULTS: Nearly all of the responding dental hygienists knew that @entity286 is an @entity5 risk factor. Most probed their @entity1 ' present use of @entity286 in medical histories; however, fewer assessed @entity1 ' past use and type/amount of @entity286 used. Very few believed that they were adequately prepared to provide @entity286 cessation education, although the majority agreed that dental hygienists should be prepared to provide this type of information. The majority of respondents also knew that @entity167 use is an @entity5 risk factor; however, less probed their @entity1 ' present use of @entity167 in medical histories compared to assessing present @entity286 use. Even fewer assessed @entity1 ' past use and type/amount of @entity167 used. A very small minority believed that they were adequately prepared to provide @entity167 cessation education. Yet, in contrast to @entity286 cessation counseling preparation, few respondents believed that dental hygienists should be prepared to provide @entity167 cessation education. There was a significant relationship (p < .05) between screening for all three aspects of @entity286 use and agreement of dental hygienists that they were adequately prepared to provide @entity286 cessation education. Of seven background characteristics, practice setting was the only one found to be positively associated (p < .05) with even one of three complete medical history screening indices--the practice of assessing all three @entity286 screening items. CONCLUSION: There is a need to provide more complete and accurate information in @entity286 and @entity167 educational programs for Maryland dental hygienists. Additional research is needed to explore sources of noninterest or discomfort in assessing @entity1 ' use of these substances, since a substantial number of Maryland dental hygienists do not assess all aspects of @entity1 ' @entity286 and @entity167 usage and do not agree that dental hygienists should be prepared to provide @entity286 and @entity167 cessation education for their @entity1 . Maryland dental hygienists' opinions regarding the adequacy of their @entity286 and @entity167 cessation education appear to accurately reflect their practice of obtaining comprehensive medical histories regarding these substances.

title: Maryland dental hygienists' assessment of XXXX ' risk behaviors for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a major health problem and contributes to more than 50% of the overall perinatal mortality. Preterm birth has multiple risk factors including @entity5027 and @entity2099 . Different management strategies have been tried to prevent @entity600 , including cervical cerclage. Cervical cerclage is an invasive technique that needs anaesthesia and may be associated with complications. Moreover, there is still controversy regarding the efficacy and the group of @entity1 that could benefit from this operation. Cervical pessary has been tried as a simple, non-invasive alternative that might replace the above invasive cervical stitch operation to prevent @entity600 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of cervical pessary for the prevention of @entity600 in @entity1 with risk factors for @entity5027 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (1 September 2012), Current Controlled Trials and the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (1 September 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected all published and unpublished randomised clinical trials comparing the use of cervical pessary with cervical cerclage or expectant management for prevention of @entity600 . We did not include quasi-randomised trials. Cluster-randomised or cross-over trials were not eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion. MAIN RESULTS: The review included one randomised controlled trial. The study included 385 pregnant @entity1 with a short cervix of 25 mm or less who were between 18 to 22 weeks of pregnancy. The use of cervical pessary (192 @entity1 ) was associated with a statistically significantly decrease in the incidence of spontaneous @entity600 less than 37 weeks' gestation compared with expectant management (22% versus 59 %; respectively, risk ratio (RR) 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27 to 0.49). Spontaneous @entity600 before 34 weeks was statistically significantly reduced in the pessary group (6% and 27% respectively, RR 0.24; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.43). Mean gestational age at delivery was 37.7 + 2 weeks in the pessary group and 34.9 + 4 weeks in the expectant group. @entity1 in the pessary group used less tocolytics (RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.50 to 0.81) and @entity288 (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.81) than the expectant group. Vaginal discharge was more common in the pessary group (RR 2.18; 95% CI 1.87 to 2.54). Among the pessary group, 27 @entity1 needed pessary repositioning without removal and there was one case of pessary removal. Ninety-five per cent of @entity1 in the pessary group would recommend this intervention to other @entity1 . Neonatal paediatric care admission was reduced in the pessary group in comparison to the expectant group (RR 0.17; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.42). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The review included only one well-designed randomised clinical trial that showed beneficial effect of cervical pessary in reducing @entity600 in @entity1 with a short cervix. There is a need for more trials in different settings (developed and developing countries), and with different risk factors including @entity2099 .

title: Cervical pessary for preventing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity5027 :: ('MESH:D002581', 'Disease') :: ['cervical incompetence']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the lifetime prevalence of 12 @entity74 with @entity716 in a general population survey. METHOD: Addresses were contacted in a multistage clustered area probability sampling frame of administrative neighbourhoods and households, covering 9 districts and 302 neighbourhoods in the Izmir metropolitan area between November 2007 and October 2008. One household member aged between 15 and 64 years and available to complete the interview was randomly selected using a within-household sampling method. The primary screening instrument was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1. A systematic screening procedure was implemented to detect probable cases with any @entity914 . Those selected by the screens were re-interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Diagnoses of individuals who were not available for re-interview were made by combining screening information with case register diagnoses and/or the telephone interviews with relatives or spouse. RESULTS: A total of 4011 individuals were screened for disorders with @entity716 . After screening, 499 respondents were selected as a probable case. 277 of screen positive respondents were available for clinical reappraisal. Initial screening interviews and additional material were used for best estimate diagnoses of the remaining 172 respondents. Total lifetime prevalence of 12 @entity74 with @entity716 was 2.62%. Lifetime prevalence of @entity74 separately were as follows: 0.74% for @entity161 , 0.20% for @entity914 , 0.05% for @entity914 , 0.10% for @entity4750 , 0.12% for @entity914 , 0.55% for major @entity308 with @entity716 features, 0.37% for @entity162 , 0.20% for substance induced @entity914 , and 0.07% for @entity914 due to a general medical condition. CONCLUSION: Total lifetime prevalence of disorders with @entity716 is higher than any previously reported estimates in @entity233 ; with a prevalence of approximately 2.5%, these disorders can be considered a major public health concern.

title: [Lifetime prevalence and correlates of @entity161 and disorders with XXXX in the general population of izmir, @entity233 ].

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar I disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4750 :: ('MESH:D012563', 'Disease') :: ['delusional disorder']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder', 'psychotic disorders', 'schizoaffective disorder', 'brief psychotic disorder', 'schizophreniform disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['each disorder', 'DSM-IV disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic symptoms']


abstract: Forty-four @entity1 with previously untreated histologically proven @entity151 ( @entity151 ) were treated with a combination of @entity2663 60 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1 through 5 and @entity3003 400 mg/m2 IV on day 1 every 28 days for six courses. @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) subsequently received prophylactic cranial and thoracic radiotherapy. Of the 44 @entity1 , 40 were evaluable for response: 31 (78%) achieved an objective response; 9 of 18 @entity1 (50%) with @entity66 had a complete response (CR), with a partial response (PR) plus CR rate of 78%. Two of 22 @entity1 (9%) with @entity66 achieved a CR, with a combined PR and CR rate of 77%. Median duration of response for all evaluable @entity1 was 253 days (36 weeks). Median duration of survival for @entity66 @entity1 was 368 days (52 weeks). Survival of @entity66 @entity1 was 86% at 6 months, 52% at 12 months, and 26% at 18 months. Median duration of survival for all @entity1 in the study was 275 days, with a survival of 79% at 6 months, 36% at 1 year, and 12% at 18 months. Myelosuppression was the main @entity137 , with World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 or 4 infection occurring in 38% of @entity1 . However, no @entity1 died of @entity295 or @entity548 . Treatment was otherwise well tolerated, with no @entity2359 or nephrotoxicity documented. The high activity of this drug combination justifies its use as first-line treatment of previously untreated @entity151 .

title: @entity2663 ( XXXX ) and @entity3003 as initial therapy for @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'limited disease', 'LD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2663 :: ('MESH:D013713', 'Chemical') :: ['teniposide']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2663 :: (MESH:D013713,Chemical) :: ['VM-26']


abstract: @entity4414 LPS26, isolated from a natural fermentation of green olives, produces a capsular polymer constituted of two exopolysaccharides (EPS): EPS A, a high-molecular-weight (high-Mw) polysaccharide (1.9x10(6) Da) composed of @entity413 and @entity20689 (3:1), and EPS B, a low-Mw polysaccharide (3.3x10(4) Da) composed of @entity413 and @entity3913 (3:1). Fermentation experiments in a chemically semidefined medium with different @entity505 sources ( @entity413 , @entity948 , @entity2656 , and @entity1132 ) showed that all of them except @entity948 supported EPS A production rather than EPS B production. The influence of temperature and pH was further analyzed. As the temperature dropped, increased synthesis of both EPS was detected. The control of pH especially enhanced EPS B production. With regard to this, the maximum total EPS production (514 mg liter-1) was achieved at a suboptimal growth temperature (20 degrees C) and pH 6.0. Continuous cultures showed that EPS A, synthesized mainly at low dilution rates, is clearly dependent on the growth rate, whereas EPS B synthesis was hardly affected. EPS production was also detected in supplemented skimmed milk, but no increase on the viscosity of the fermented milk was recorded. This could be linked to the high proportion of the low-Mw polysaccharide produced in these conditions in contrast to that observed in culture media. Overall, the present study shows that culture conditions have a clear impact on the type and concentration of EPS produced by strain LPS26, and consequently, these conditions should be carefully selected for optimization and application studies. Finally, it should be noted that this is, to our knowledge, the first report on EPS production by @entity4414 .

title: Culture conditions determine the balance between two different exopolysaccharides produced by XXXX LPS26.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity4414 :: ('1589', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus pentosus', 'L. pentosus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4414 :: (1589,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus pentosus']


abstract: Noxious stimulation of skeletal muscle evokes @entity158 that is often referred into distal areas. Despite @entity158 being of significant clinical importance, the brain regions responsible for the perception of @entity158 remain unexplored. The aim of this investigation is to define these regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We induced @entity925 by hypertonic saline injections (0.5 ml) into the tibialis anterior (TA) or flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle. TA injections evoked @entity158 that was referred to the ankle/foot in 10/17 subjects, whereas FCR injections evoked @entity158 that was projected into the wrist/hand in 6/12 subjects. Regional brain responses were statistically tested by convolving the temporal profile of the subjective @entity158 intensity rating with the hemodynamic response function. For all subjects, signal increased in the region of primary somatosensory cortex (SI), which represents the leg or arm, that is, the area corresponding to the injection site. However, for those subjects who reported @entity158 , signal intensity increases also occurred in the SI region representing the foot or hand. Interestingly, differential signal changes also occurred in anterior cingulate, cerebellar, and insular cortices. This is the first study to provide evidence of cortical differentiation in the processing of primary and @entity158 .

title: Discrete changes in cortical activation during experimentally induced referred XXXX : a single-trial fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'referred pain']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['muscle pain']


abstract: We report a 28-year-old mole with a @entity3686 ( @entity3686 ) on hemodialysis for 5 years, who received a kidney graft from a deceased donor. @entity205 ( @entity870 ), @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and @entity230 were prescribed. In the postoperative period the @entity1 had @entity2268 and @entity294 . A CT sean showed @entity381 , @entity843 , bilateral @entity1143 and bowel @entity4 . Laboratory showed @entity4988 , increased @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and panhypogammaglobulinemia. At day 32 after transplantation, an acute rejection (Banff II b) was diagnosed and treated with @entity1667 , replacing @entity870 by @entity1140 . The acute rejection was controlled but six days later, high fever, @entity3043 and @entity6737 appeared. A bone marrow smear showed numerous histiocytes and hemophagocytosis. @entity9058 was diagnosed. @entity2098 and @entity1140 were withdrawn and @entity870 was reinstituted. Fever fell quickly, CPR normalized at 24 hours and white blood cell count at 72 hours. Days later, the concentrations of albumin, immunoglobulins and hematological parameters normalized. The @entity1 was discharged on day 57 after admission in good condition.

title: [ XXXX after kidney transplant in a @entity1 with @entity3686 . Report of one case].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nephritis', 'Alport Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity6737 :: ('MESH:C538137', 'Disease') :: ['hyperferritinemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['CRP', 'C reactive protein']

answer: @entity9058 :: (MESH:D051359,Disease) :: ['Hemophagocytic syndrome']