abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of interleukin-12 (IL-12) administration on the evolution of @entity281 and @entity5414 induced by @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) in @entity19 . METHODS: @entity2659 @entity19 were inoculated intravenously with arthritogenic strain 1/82 of type IV @entity1892 . Exogenous @entity19 IL-12 was administered intraperitoneally 18 hours or 5 days after infection with 1 x 10(7) @entity1892 , at doses ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 microg per @entity19 . @entity19 were monitored daily for survival and for signs of @entity625 . In a subsequent set of experiments, @entity19 were killed at selected times for examination of bacterial clearance, histopathologic changes in the joints, and cytokine production. RESULTS: IL-12 administration before the onset of clinical signs had a beneficial effect on @entity1892 -induced @entity625 and was clearly dose-dependent. The 2.5-microg dose per @entity19 totally prevented @entity204 from @entity1892 -induced @entity625 . The decrease in pathology was associated with a reduction of the bacterial burden and a change in the cytokine profile. In particular, systemic and joint levels of @entity60 ( @entity60 ) and @entity1618 significantly increased in @entity19 treated with IL-12, whereas a decrease in @entity777 and @entity635 production was observed. The beneficial effects of IL-12, in terms of the incidence and severity of @entity75 , were reversed by coadministration of anti- @entity60 or anti- @entity1618 -neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrate that IL-12 is important in controlling the cytokine production that leads to the evolution of @entity1892 -induced experimental @entity625 . The amelioration of @entity75 is mostly attributable to IL-12-induced @entity60 , but with a relevant participation of IL-12-induced @entity1618 .

title: The beneficial effect of interleukin-12 on @entity625 induced by XXXX is mediated by @entity60 and @entity1618 production.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'Mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['articular lesions']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN gamma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'group B streptococci']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['group B streptococci']


abstract: Accurate normalization is a primary component of a reliable gene expression analysis based on qRT-PCR technique. While the use of one or more reference genes as internal controls is commonly accepted as the most appropriate normalization strategy, many qPCR-based published studies still contain data poorly normalized and reference genes arbitrarily chosen irrespective of the particular tissue and the specific experimental design. To date, no validated reference genes have been identified for @entity1204 tissues. In this study, 10 normalization genes ( @entity7501 , @entity2262 , @entity14875 , @entity40438 , @entity29314 , @entity7408 , @entity9996 , @entity12398 , @entity11567 , @entity8549 ) belonging to different functional and abundance classes in various tissues and used in different studies, were analyzed to determine their applicability. In total, 100 @entity1204 samples, which were carefully balanced according to their @entity5 grade, and 29 normal endometrial tissues were examined using SYBR Green Real-Time RT-PCR. The expression stability of candidate reference genes was determined and compared by means of geNorm and NormFinder softwares. Both algorithms were in agreement in identifying @entity7501 , @entity8549 , @entity7408 , and @entity9996 as the most stably expressed genes, only differing in their ranking order. Analysis performed on the expression levels of all candidate genes confirm @entity9996 and @entity7408 as the most stably expressed in the study groups regardless of sample type, to be used alone or better in combination. As the stable expression of @entity9996 and @entity7408 between normal and @entity5 endometrial samples fulfill the basic requirement of a reference gene to be used for normalization purposes, @entity9996 expression showed significant differences between samples from low-grade and high-grade @entity5 . In conclusion, our results recommend the use of @entity7408 as a single reference gene to be considered for improved reliability of normalization in gene expression studies involving @entity1204 samples at different @entity5 degrees.

title: Identification of optimal reference genes for gene expression normalization in a wide cohort of endometrioid XXXX tissues.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial tumor', 'endometrioid endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differential nature of disturbed sleep in subjects with @entity239 ( @entity239 ) reporting @entity25 versus subjects with @entity22 ( @entity22 ) and subjects who do not complain of disturbed sleep ("normals"). METHODS: Subjects ( @entity239 : n=132; @entity22 : n=109; normals: n=52) were recruited for different studies. @entity239 and @entity22 subjects were pre-selected to meet @entity25 criteria. Subjects with sleep or circadian disorders were excluded from all groups. Polysomnography (PSG) was conducted at screening, during 2 consecutive nights. For this post hoc analysis of PSGs, length and frequency (duration, number) of wake and sleep bouts were analyzed, together with traditional sleep measures; a "bout"=consecutive 30-second epochs of sleep or wake. Data are mean  SD. RESULTS: @entity239 and @entity22 subjects had decreased @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and increased @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and wake time after sleep onset (WASO) versus normals (P<0.05 for each). @entity239 versus @entity22 subjects had more @entity25 (48.1  32.4 vs. 27.2  23.6 min; P<0.0001) and shorter @entity25 (58.2  29.8 vs. 70.7  31.3 min; P=0.0055), but comparable WASO (107.7  32.8 vs. 108.6  31.5 min). Despite comparable WASO, @entity239 subjects had shorter (4.64  2.42 vs. 5.87  3.15 min; P=0.0016) but more frequent wake bouts versus @entity22 subjects (41.6  16.7 vs. 35.7  12.6; P=0.0075). Sleep bout duration was similar for @entity239 (9.32  0.35 min) and @entity22 subjects (10.1  0.37 min); both populations had shorter sleep bout duration versus normals (15.7  0.7 min; P<0.0001 both). CONCLUSION: Increased frequency of wake and sleep bouts and decreased wake bout duration, together with decreased @entity25 and increased @entity25 , suggests sleep in @entity239 is characterized by an inability to maintain continuous sleep but a greater sleep drive compared with @entity22 .

title: Characteristics of Disturbed Sleep in Patients with @entity239 Compared with XXXX or with Healthy Volunteers.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'slow wave sleep', 'latency to persistent sleep', 'SWS', 'LPS', 'sleep difficulties', 'total sleep time', 'sleep-disturbance']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['PI', 'primary insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['Insomnia']


abstract: The mechanisms of @entity5 cell resistance to interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) are at present mostly unsolved. We have previously demonstrated that @entity3027 induces apoptosis on epidermoid @entity5 cells and EGF antagonizes this effect. We have also found that @entity3027 -induced apoptosis depends upon activation of the @entity2733 -terminal @entity4675 ( @entity4675 ) and @entity1435 , and that these effects are also antagonized by EGF. At the same time, @entity3027 increases the expression and function of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ). Here we report that the apoptosis induced by @entity3027 occurs together with activation of caspases 3, 6 and 8 and that EGF also antagonizes this effect. On the basis of these results, we have hypothesized that the increased @entity470 expression and function could represent an inducible survival response that might protect @entity5 cells from apoptosis caused by @entity3027 via @entity3962 ( @entity1366 ) cascades. We have found an increased activity of Ras and @entity10242 in @entity3027 -treated cells. Moreover, @entity3027 induces a 50% increase of the phosphorylated isoforms and enzymatic activity of @entity1366 . We have also demonstrated that the inhibition of Ras activity induced by the transfection of the dominant negative Ras plasmid RASN17 and the inhibition of @entity12363 with @entity4286 strongly potentiates the apoptosis induced by @entity3027 . Moreover, the selective inhibition of this pathway abrogates the counteracting effect of EGF on the @entity3027 -induced apoptosis. All these findings suggest that epidermoid @entity5 cells counteract the @entity3027 -induced apoptosis through a survival pathway that involves the hyperactivation of the EGF-dependent Ras-> @entity3963 signalling. The selective targeting of this pathway appears to be a promising approach in order to enhance the antitumor activity of @entity3027 .

title: EGF activates an inducible survival response via the RAS-> @entity1366 pathway to counteract interferon-alpha-mediated apoptosis in epidermoid XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGF-R']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p(38) mitogen-activated protein kinase']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The interferon-inducible RNA-specific @entity859 deaminase (ADAR1) is an RNA-editing enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of @entity859 in double-stranded RNA structures. Three alternative splice-site variants of ADAR1 (ADAR1-a, -b, and -c) occur that possess functionally distinct double-stranded RNA-binding motifs as measured with synthetic double-stranded RNA substrates. The pre-mRNA transcript encoding the B subunit of @entity2227 receptor ( @entity139 ) has two functionally important editing sites (Q/R and R/G sites) that undergo selective A-to-I conversions. We have examined the ability of the three ADAR1 splice-site variants to catalyze the editing of @entity139 pre-mRNA at the Q/R and R/G sites as well as an intron hotspot (+60) of unknown function. Measurement of @entity139 pre-mRNA editing in vitro revealed different site-specific deamination catalyzed by the three ADAR1 variants. The ADAR1-a, -b, and -c splice variants all efficiently edited the R/G site and the intron +60 hotspot but exhibited little editing activity at the Q/R site. ADAR1-b and -c showed higher editing activity than ADAR1-a for the R/G site, whereas the intron +60 site was edited with comparable efficiency by all three ADAR1 splice variants. Mutational analysis revealed that the functional importance of each of the three RNA-binding motifs of ADAR1 varied with the specific target editing site in @entity139 RNA. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of @entity139 RNA from dissected regions of @entity35 brain showed significant expression and editing at the R/G site in all brain regions examined except the choroid plexus. The relative levels of the alternatively spliced flip and flop isoforms of @entity139 RNA varied among the choroid plexus, cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and striatum, but in all regions of @entity35 brain the editing of the flip isoform was greater than that of the flop isoform.

title: Editing of @entity2227 receptor subunit B pre-mRNA by splice-site variants of interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-specific XXXX deaminase ADAR1.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Almost 2,000 new cases of @entity2 are reported in Norway every year. Only 16-17% are operated upon with resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over the 1995-98 period, 1,035 not resected cases with @entity2 were reported to the @entity5 Registry of Norway; 166 cases were excluded for various reasons. Records from the @entity5 Registry with additional information from clinicians were revised by the authors with regard to staging and operability. RESULTS: Of 869 evaluable @entity1 , 386 were inoperable due to @entity1442 , and in 86 the situation was not adequately clarified. Of the remaining 397, 270 were classified as being operable and 127 possibly operable. Of the operable @entity1 , @entity151 was considered as the sole contraindication to surgery in 61 @entity1 despite being in stage 1. Poor lung function was noted as contraindication to surgery in 50 @entity1 . However, most of them were inadequately investigated. In 124 @entity1 one or more other risk factors were considered as contraindications, but the impact of some of them seemed to have been overestimated. INTERPRETATION: The study showed that the information about stage routinely submitted to the @entity5 Registry was unsatisfactory. We believe that more @entity1 with @entity66 in the present series should have been operated on.

title: [Is the treatment of XXXX in Norway adequate?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['localized lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a @entity179 characterized by severe @entity73 . While causes of @entity195 pathology are debated, a large body of evidence suggests that increased cleavage of @entity44949 ( @entity44949 ) producing the neurotoxic Amyloid-b (Ab) peptide plays a fundamental role in @entity195 pathogenesis. One of the detrimental behavioral symptoms commonly associated with @entity195 is the fragmentation of sleep-activity cycles with increased nighttime activity and daytime naps in @entity1 . Sleep-activity cycles, as well as physiological and cellular rhythms, which may be important for neuronal homeostasis, are generated by a molecular system known as the circadian clock. Links between @entity195 and the circadian system are increasingly evident but not well understood. Here we examined whether genetic manipulations of @entity44949 ( @entity44949 ) protein cleavage in @entity238 affect rest-activity rhythms and core circadian clock function in this model organism. We show that the increased b-cleavage of endogenous @entity44949 by the b-secretase ( @entity65724 ) severely disrupts circadian behavior and leads to reduced expression of clock protein PER in central clock neurons of aging flies. Our data suggest that behavioral rhythm disruption is not a product of @entity44949 -derived Ab production but rather may be caused by a mechanism common to both a and b-cleavage pathways. Specifically, we show that increased production of the endogenous @entity238 Amyloid Intracellular Domain (dAICD) caused disruption of circadian rest-activity rhythms, while flies overexpressing endogenous @entity44949 maintained stronger circadian rhythms during aging. In summary, our study offers a novel entry point toward understanding the mechanism of circadian rhythm disruption in @entity195 .

title: Manipulations of XXXX cleavage disrupt the circadian clock in aging @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity44949 :: ('31002(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['APPL', 'APP-like', 'APP', 'Amyloid Precursor Protein']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity44949 :: (31002(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['amyloid precursor protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Myelotomy is an essential step for the @entity5 . Often, this manoeuvre requires division of large vessels surfacing the midline, contributing to the development of @entity86 . We developed a technique of discontinuous myelotomy to preserve the integrity of these large spinal cord vessels. METHODS: Over a three-year period, we approached 20 intramedullary astrocytomas through a posterior myelotomy consisting of two separate incisions one above and the other below the midline vessel. The @entity5 was removed using the Cavitron ultrasound aspirator (CUSA), through either incision. Tumour underlying the bridging area between the two incisions was successfully removed through an oblique view. FINDINGS: We retrospectively analysed the clinical outcome in terms of sensory function. Follow-up examinations showed that up to 70% of the @entity1 had their sensory function unchaged. 5 (20%) @entity1 experienced a permanent @entity51 , involving superficial and deep sensation in cases 1 and 4, respectively. Two (10%) @entity1 showed significant improvement. INTERPRETATION: Discontinuous myelotomy is a viable technical option whenever the presence of large vessels on the median raphe would make the standard midline myelotomy unsafe.

title: Discontinuous myelotomy: an alternative to standard myelotomy in the surgical treatment of intramedullary spinal cord XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of intramedullary tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['worsening of their deficits']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative sensory deficits']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: The authors report a rare case of @entity51333 of the radius in a @entity1 . The diagnosis and treatment were delayed because of misleading and wrongly reassuring radiological and histological aspects. The 12-year-old @entity1 was admitted for a tumefaction of the proximal extremity of the right radius noticed after @entity130 . Physical examination showed a hard and slightly @entity158 @entity4 . Xrays showed an irregular osseous mass developed from the superior metaphysis of the radius and encircling it. MRI showed a juxtacortical @entity5 with medullary involvement. A biopsy concluded to a @entity174 . Ten months later, the @entity5 became @entity158 and homogeneous, regular and well defined on Xrays. A repeat biopsy showed @entity51333 . Enbloc resection of the @entity5 was done. After a follow-up of 2 years, the @entity1 is alive without recurrence and @entity3 and with a satisfactory function of the upper limb.

title: [ @entity51333 of the radius in a XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture callus']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity51333 :: ('MESH:D018217', 'Disease') :: ['juxtacortical osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12417 ( @entity12417 ) is defined as @entity10 symptoms originating from the cervical spine. Cervical dysfunction from abnormal posture has been proposed to aggravate or cause @entity12417 , but there are conflicting reports as to whether there is an association between posture and @entity12417 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in cervical spinal posture, measured on radiographs, between @entity1 with probable @entity12417 and asymptomatic control @entity1 . DESIGN: A single-blinded comparative measurement design was used. METHODS: Differences in postural variables from radiographs between @entity1 with @entity12417 (n=30) and age- and sex-matched asymptomatic control @entity1 (n=30) were determined using paired t tests or the nonparametric equivalent. Postural variables were @entity1515 ( @entity2483 ), @entity1515 ( @entity1515 , sagittal alignment C2 compared with C3-C4), and C2 spinous process horizontal deviation. Logistic regression determined postural variables, increasing the likelihood of @entity12417 . RESULTS: There were no significant differences in posture between the @entity12417 and control groups. The mean @entity1515 was 10.97 degrees (SD=7.50) for the @entity12417 group and 7.17 degrees (SD=5.69) for the control group. The mean @entity1515 was 11.86 degrees (SD=6.46) for the @entity12417 group and 9.44 degrees (SD=4.28) for the control group. The mean C2 spinous process horizontal deviation was 3.00 mm (SD=1.66) for the @entity12417 group and 2.86 mm (SD=2.04) for the control group. However, there was a significant association between greater @entity1515 and an increased likelihood of having @entity12417 (odds ratio=1.08; 95% confidence interval=1.001, 1.191). LIMITATIONS: The findings are limited to an association between @entity1515 and posture, as cause and effect cannot be determined. CONCLUSIONS: The association between greater @entity1515 and increased likelihood of having @entity12417 suggests that @entity1515 might be considered in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity12417 . However, as the data do not support posture as a cause of @entity12417 , it is unknown whether addressing posture would reduce @entity12417 .

title: An Investigation of Cervical Spinal Posture in Cervicogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12417 :: ('MESH:D051298', 'Disease') :: ['Cervicogenic headache', 'CGH']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['upper cervical lordosis', 'UCL', 'general cervical lordosis', 'GCL']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['GCL, Cobb angle C2-C7']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['Headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate @entity5 vascularity by dual source volume perfusion computed tomography (VPCT) in advanced @entity2220 with positive @entity470 -mutant and determine whether any of the VPCT parameters would predict the @entity5 response to @entity4562 . METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (5 males and 7 females, Median age: 53 years, range: 36 - 69 years) with advanced @entity2220 received VPCT scan. All @entity1 with positive @entity470 -mutant were confirmed by pathological biopsy. After a 6-week therapy of @entity4562 , VPCT was repeated and the short-term effect evaluated by the RECIST criteria. The VPCT parameters (blood volume, blood flow and permeability surface) of 12 @entity1 were compared with their differentiation grade and short-term effect. RESULTS: Short-term effects were poor in those cases in whom BF increased after a 6-week of targeted therapy (P = 0.030). BF and PS at pre-therapy were negatively correlated with differentiation grade (r = -0.603, -0.694, P = 0.038, 0.012). There was a negative correlation between the rate of BF decline and differentiation grade (r = -0.686, P = 0.029); a negative correlation existed between the trend of BF and RECIST criteria (r = -0.707, P = 0.010). But there was no significant correlation with differentiation grade (P = 0.059). If the BF decline was considered effective, the dual source VPCT could predict the effect of RECIST criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of VPCT was 100%, 66.7%, 83.3%, 75% and 100% respectively. CONCLUSION: Dual source VPCT of advanced @entity2220 can assess effectively @entity5 vascularity and perfusion changes after the therapy of @entity4562 . It is important in evaluating the response of targeted therapy in @entity2 .

title: [Evaluating the short-term effect of @entity4562 in advanced @entity2220 with positive XXXX -mutant by dual source volume perfusion CT].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: There were 71 @entity1 with @entity4963 in our hospital from November 1, 1993 to October 31, 1999. We investigated the 59 @entity1 from isolated species, route of infection, underlying disorders, risk factors, complications, treatment and prognosis. @entity5132 was the most commonly isolated species (52%), followed by @entity9841 (11%). Eighty eight percent of the @entity1 developed @entity4963 from central venous catheter related @entity281 . The risk factors to @entity4963 included keeping the catheter in place for more than 5 days, gastrointestinal tract @entity5 , postoperative state of gastrointestinal tract surgery, administration of broad-spectrum or combination antibiotics for more than 5 days, and under corticosteroid therapy. About half of the @entity1 (47%) had complications, including @entity3225 (19 @entity1 , 32%), @entity326 (12 @entity1 , 20%). Mortality rate associated with @entity4963 was 46%. Mortality rate was lower in 20 @entity1 who were treated with @entity2379 (40%) than in 34 @entity1 treated with only @entity2380 (50%), but it was not statistically significant. In order to make an early diagnosis of @entity4963 , taking blood cultures and ophthalmologic examinations are essential, especially for @entity1 who have those risk factors to @entity4963 mentioned above. If the @entity1 was suspected of having @entity1212 , the catheter should be removed quickly and the catheter tip should be cultured. Once @entity4963 is found, ophthalmologic examination and systemic antifungal therapy are needed. Antifungal therapy with @entity2379 should be used for @entity1 with severe @entity4963 or with @entity4963 of non-albicans Candida species.

title: [A study for XXXX during the six year period from 1993 to 1999 in St. Luke's International Hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9841 :: ('5482', 'Species') :: ['Candida tropicalis']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter related infection']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity4963 :: (MESH:D058387,Disease) :: ['candidemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and @entity1 in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate burden of @entity645 / @entity791 . Integration of @entity645 with maternal and @entity1 services aims to reduce the impact of @entity645 / @entity791 . To assess the potential gains and risks of such integration, this paper considers pregnant @entity1 's and providers' perceptions about the effects of integrated @entity645 testing and counselling on care seeking by pregnant @entity1 during antenatal care in Tanzania. METHODS: From a larger evaluation of an integrated maternal and newborn health care program in Morogoro, Tanzania, this analysis included a subset of information from 203 observations of antenatal care and interviews with 57 providers and 190 pregnant @entity1 from 18 public health centers in rural and peri-urban settings. Qualitative data were analyzed manually and with Atlas.ti using a framework approach, and quantitative data of respondents' demographic information were analyzed with Stata 12.0. RESULTS: Perceptions of integrating @entity645 testing with routine antenatal care from @entity1 and health providers were generally positive. Respondents felt that integration increased coverage of @entity645 testing, particularly among difficult-to-reach populations, and improved convenience, efficiency, and confidentiality for @entity1 while reducing stigma. Pregnant @entity1 believed that early detection of @entity645 protected their own health and that of their @entity1 . Despite these positive views, challenges remained. Providers and @entity1 perceived opt out @entity645 testing and counselling during antenatal services to be compulsory. A sense of powerlessness and @entity148 pervaded some @entity1 's responses, reflecting the unequal relations, lack of supportive communications and breaches in confidentiality between @entity1 and providers. Lastly, stigma surrounding @entity645 was reported to lead some @entity1 to discontinue services or seek care through other access points in the health system. CONCLUSION: While providers and pregnant @entity1 view program synergies from integrating @entity645 services into antenatal care positively, lack of supportive provider- @entity1 relationships, lack of trust resulting from harsh treatment or breaches in confidentiality, and stigma still inhibit @entity1 's care seeking. As countries continue rollout of Option B+, social relations between @entity1 and providers must be understood and addressed to ensure that integrated delivery of @entity645 counselling and services encourages @entity1 's care seeking in order to improve maternal and @entity1 health.

title: Program synergies and social relations: implications of integrating XXXX testing and counselling into maternal health care on care seeking.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'child']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improving unipolar @entity737 ( @entity737 ) effectiveness has favorable implications for @entity737 safety, efficacy, and size. Advances in defibrillation efficacy would accelerate @entity737 ease of use by decreasing device size and by minimizing morbidity and mortality related to an improved defibrillation safety margin. The specific purpose of the present study was to determine whether @entity308 efficacy could be improved further in @entity1 by lowering biphasic waveform capacitance. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively and randomly compared the defibrillation efficacy of a 60-microF and a 120-microF capacitance asymmetrical 65% tilt biphasic waveform using a @entity308 system in 38 consecutive @entity1167 survivors before implantation of a presently available standard transvenous defibrillation system. The right ventricular defibrillation electrode had a 5-cm coil located on a 10.5F lead and was used as the anode. The system cathode was the electrically active 108-cm2 surface area shell (or "can") of a prototype @entity702 alloy pulse generator placed in a left infraclavicular pocket. The defibrillation pulse was derived from either a 60-microF or a 120-microF capacitance and was delivered from RV-->CAN. Defibrillation threshold (DFT) stored energy, delivered energy, leading-edge voltage and current, pulse resistance, and pulse width were measured for both capacitances examined. The 60-microF capacitance biphasic pulse resulted in a stored-energy DFT of 8.5 +/- 4.1 J and a delivered-energy DFT of 8.4 +/- 4.0 J. In 34 of 38 @entity1 (89%), the stored-energy DFT was < 15 J. Leading-edge voltage at the DFT was 517 +/- 128 V. Mean pulse impedance for the 60-microF waveform was 60.6 +/- 7.1 omega. The 120-microF capacitance biphasic pulse resulted in a stored-energy DFT of 10.1 +/- 7.4 J and a delivered-energy DFT of 10.0 +/- 7.2 J (P = .13 and .13, respectively). In 28 of 38 @entity1 (74%), the stored-energy DFT was < 15 J (P = .052). Leading-edge voltage at the DFT with the 120-microF capacitance pulse was 386 +/- 142 (P < .00001). Mean pulse impedance for the 120-microF waveform was 60.7 +/- 7.0 omega (P = .80). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that a relatively small capacitance, 60 microF, can be used for @entity308 systems without compromising defibrillation energy requirements compared with more typical @entity737 capacitance values, but this will require a higher circuit voltage. The use of lower capacitance also provides a modest increase in the percent of @entity1 who have very low energy defibrillation requirements, an important issue should maximum @entity737 energy be decreased from the present level of 34 J. Such a move to smaller output devices could allow significant decreases in device size, a necessary feature of making cardioverter-defibrillator implantation comparable to that of standard pacemaker surgery.

title: A prospective randomized comparison in XXXX of biphasic waveform 60-microF and 120-microF capacitance pulses using a @entity308 system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Phenotypic and genotypic tolerance in 71 @entity5125 isolates from different varieties of foods to @entity3676 (BC) and @entity3409 were investigated by susceptibility test and molecular methods. To investigate the role of efflux pumps in BC tolerance, @entity2515 , an efflux pump inhibitor, was added to the BC tolerant strains. Tolerance to BC and @entity3409 were 26.8% (19/71) and 49.3% (35/71) respectively. Strains with BC tolerance were significantly more frequent among those of serotype 4b (100%, 6/6) than among those of serotype 1/2a (or 3a) (13.5%, 5/37), which represent the predominant number of strains (52.1%, 37/71). Tolerance to @entity3409 was encountered among 62.2% (23/37) and 50.0% (3/6) of the serotype 1/2a (or 3a) and 4b strains, respectively, and among 19.0% (4/21) of the strains of the serotype 1/2c. All of the 10 (14.1%) isolates found to be BC and @entity3409 co-tolerance were isolated from raw meat or quick-frozen food made of @entity3505 flour and @entity579 . Five multi-drug resistant strains were tolerant to @entity3409 as well. Among 71 isolates examined, one contained qacA and three contained qacE/\1-sul. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of qacA and qacE/\1-sul in @entity5125 , an indication of the possible horizontal transfer of the two genes. Addition of @entity2515 to the tolerant strains resulted in the loss of tolerance among seven out of 19 BC strains, suggesting a certain role the efflux pump played in mediating BC tolerance. Of the three distinct cadA types known to date in @entity5125 , the cadA1 and cadA2 genes were detected among 24 (33.8%) and three (4.2%) isolates respectively. The presence of cadA1 and cadA2 largely corresponded to the susceptibility phenotype. A subset (9/35 [25.7%]) of the @entity3409 -tolerant isolates lacked the known @entity3409 resistance determinants. These findings suggest that food products could act as a reservoir for @entity5125 harboring tolerance to BC and @entity3409 and will further our understanding of the adaptations of this organism to these two compounds.

title: @entity3676 and heavy-metal tolerance in XXXX from retail foods.

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity3676 :: ('MESH:D001548', 'Chemical') :: ['benzalkonium chloride']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: OBJECT: It has been suggested that @entity2451 , a pleiotropic transcription factor, controls cell proliferation. The authors examined NF-kappaB activity and its participation in the growth of @entity1 @entity5 . METHODS: The authors examined NF-kappaB activity in @entity1 @entity5 cell lines and high-grade @entity816 tissues by using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and immunohistochemical studies, respectively. In addition, messenger (m)RNA expression of @entity2451 and @entity9135 , which are representative subunits of NF-kappaB, and @entity4284 , which is a representative inhibitory protein of NF-KB, were analyzed using Northern blot hybridization in the @entity816 cell lines. Furthermore, alterations in DNA synthesis and cell growth in the @entity816 cell lines were examined after inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by @entity9135 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. The authors found NF-kappaB activity in all @entity816 cell lines and high-grade @entity816 tissues that were examined, but not in the fetal astrocyte strain or in normal cerebral tissue. Expression of @entity2451 , @entity9135 , and @entity4284 mRNA was found in the fetal astrocyte strain and normal adult brain tissue, in addition to the @entity816 cell lines. The relative levels of expression of these mRNAs were similar among these cell lines, the cell strain, and normal tissue. The @entity9135 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide specifically reduced the levels of @entity9135 mRNA expression and NF-kappaB activity in the @entity816 cell lines, thus significantly inhibiting their DNA synthesis and cell growth. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity5 cells have aberrant NF-KB activity, which promotes their growth. This activity is not associated with aberrant expression of @entity2451 and @entity9135 .

title: Aberrant nuclear factor-kappaB activity and its participation in the growth of XXXX @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['p50', 'nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity12837 (ALA) has been shown to combat oxidative stress by quenching a variety of reactive @entity26 species. It is involved in the regeneration of exogenous and endogenous antioxidants, chelation of metal ions, and repair of oxidized proteins. This study aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of ALA on @entity1959 ( @entity10776 )-induced gut @entity13570 and @entity1960 in @entity35 . METHOD: After 48 h of fasting, @entity35 underwent a laparotomy under ether anesthesia. TNBS solution 30 mg/mL in 40% @entity1068 (1 mL) was injected into the lumen, 10 cm proximal to the ileocolonic junction to induce @entity13570 or intrarectally 8 cm proximal to the anal sphincter to induce @entity1960 . ALA (25 mg/kg intraperitoneally, twice a day) was given after induction of @entity32 and continued for 3 days. All animals were decapitated 3 days after induction of the @entity32 . The @entity3137 of the ileum and colon were scored macroscopically and microscopically. Samples were taken for the measurement of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels, tissue-associated @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity and @entity6931 - or @entity12487 -enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). RESULTS: Macroscopic scores, morphological changes and increased tissue lipid peroxidation with a concomitant reduction in @entity2197 of the @entity13570 or @entity1960 groups were all reversed by treatment with ALA. ALA treatment was also effective in improving tissue @entity1589 activity and CL values, which were elevated in untreated @entity13570 or @entity1960 groups. CONCLUSION: ALA is beneficial in TNBS-induced gut @entity32 in @entity35 via suppression of neutrophil accumulation, preservation of endogenous @entity2041 and inhibition of reactive oxidant generation.

title: @entity12837 modulates gut XXXX induced by @entity1959 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['Alpha-lipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activity levels in @entity1 early after @entity64 vary across the world. The primary aim of this study was to assess the variation in motor activity in @entity1 admitted to multiple @entity64 and to identify factors which explained the variation between hospitals. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were those less than 14  days after @entity64 , more than 18  years, not receiving palliative care. Activity levels, @entity1 present, and location were recorded by the use of a standard method of observation between 8 am and 5 pm. Hospital policy on serving meals in communal areas was also registered. Mixed general binomial model was used to analyze, which factors explained variation in activity levels between hospitals, after adjusting for age and @entity64 severity. RESULTS: A total of 393 @entity1 from 11 @entity64 units were included. The @entity1 spent 44.1% of the day in bed, 43.2% sitting out of bed, and 8.3% in higher motor activities (4.4% were not observed). Increased physical activity was associated with spending more time with a physical therapist, odds ratio (OR), 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.08, P  <  .001) and admitted to a hospital serving the meals in communal areas, OR, 1.46 (95% CI, 1.09-1.95, P = .011). CONCLUSIONS: Despite variation between the hospitals, @entity1 admitted to @entity64 spend most of the day out of bed. Time spent with a physical therapist and hospitals having a policy of serving meals in communal areas explained most of the variation in activity between hospitals.

title: Hospital Differences in Motor Activity Early after @entity64 . A Comparison of 11 Norwegian XXXX Units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Norwegian stroke units']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical outcomes and quality of life in terms of anal, urinary, and sexual function, after low anterior resection for @entity5 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital, Switzerland. SUBJECTS: 43 @entity1 with @entity5 . INTERVENTIONS: 27 were not given adjuvant radiotherapy and 16 had preoperative adjuvant radiotherapy 1.6 Gy twice daily for 13 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anal, urinary, and sexual function postoperatively. RESULTS: 23 @entity1 reported normal defaecation (53%), 9 had @entity322 of flatus (21%), 5 had occasional minor soiling (12%), 2 had frequent major soiling (5%), 4 had a total @entity322 (9%), and 3 had @entity322 (7%). @entity250 was reported by 9 of the 13 sexually active @entity1 and 2 of the 11 sexually active @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Despite their reported faecal, urinary and @entity250 most @entity1 were satisfied with their quality of life. Counselling at the time of operation is highly recommended as a means of contributing to personal satisfaction.

title: Clinical outcomes and quality of life after low anterior resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'low rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE: Whether histologic subtype of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) has an important effect on prognosis after surgery is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that we could predict mortality more effectively by integrating precise @entity5 size and histology rather than relying on conventional staging. METHODS: We used the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) registry. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) primary squamous cell or @entity420 ; (2) potentially curative surgery, defined as a lobectomy or bilobectomy; (3) lymph node dissection performed; and (4) pathologic stage IA or IB. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: From 1988 to 2000, 7,965 @entity1 were included. For both all-cause and @entity2 -associated mortality, @entity5 size demonstrated the strongest association (log-rank P < 0.0001 for each). When @entity5 were small (</=2 cm), @entity2 -associated mortality was similar for @entity420 when compared with @entity957 . When @entity5 were 3 cm or larger in size, @entity2 -associated mortality was higher for @entity420 . The increased risk of @entity2 -associated mortality with @entity420 was more pronounced in those younger than 65 years. Survival prediction using precise size and histology had much better discriminatory power than conventional TNM ( @entity5 -node-metastasis) staging (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Staging that takes into account size, histology, late recurrence risk, and @entity1 age is more accurate than the current TNM system and is clinically relevant because improved prediction can facilitate better decisions on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Survival after surgery in stage IA and IB XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Immunoparalysis has recently emerged as a possible cause explaining the failure of clinical trials in @entity326 . Because @entity1 peripheral blood @entity404 + @entity2902 + T cells have been characterized as suppressor T cells, we hypothesized they might be increased in sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, clinical study. SETTING: Adult intensive care units in a university hospital. SUBJECTS: @entity1 with @entity326 (n = 16) and healthy individuals (n = 36). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity326 (mortality rate at 28 days, 56%; mean admission Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, 47), we first illustrated immunoparalysis by showing a severe diminished monocytic human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression. Afterward, compared with control values, we found in these @entity1 a marked elevation of circulating @entity404 + @entity2902 + T cells that were also CD45RO+ and @entity7986 - and overexpressed @entity4386 . Importantly, nonsurvivors (n = 9) presented prolonged lower monocytic HLA-DR expression and higher percentage of @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-suppressor T cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the concept that the persistence of a pronounced immunoparalysis after @entity326 is associated with a poor outcome. Whether @entity404 + @entity2902 + T cells directly participate in sepsis-induced immunoparalysis remains to be investigated.

title: Marked elevation of XXXX circulating @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T cells in sepsis-induced immunoparalysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine cutoffs for interocular differences in ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in @entity735 and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these values for differentiating between normal subjects and @entity726 @entity1 . DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Macular and optic disc scanning were performed in 275 normal subjects, 58 @entity726 @entity1 , and 58 normal controls by high-definition optical coherence tomography. The ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness was calculated, and the normal ranges of the interocular differences were determined as 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. The signed and absolute interocular differences were compared between normal subjects and @entity726 @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean    standard deviation interocular difference in the average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness thickness was 0.10    2.31   m, which was not statistically significant (P  = .466). The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the interocular difference were  -4.10   m and  +5.00   m, respectively. On multiple regression analysis, the interocular difference in axial length was correlated with the interocular difference in average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness thickness (b  = 2.044, P  = .003). The signed and absolute interocular differences in ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness were higher in @entity726 @entity1 than in normal subjects (all P < .001). Sensitivity and specificity of absolute interocular differences ranged from 25.9% to 51.7% and from 93.1% to 100.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness shows significant interocular symmetry in normal subjects. An absolute interocular difference exceeding normal limits may be indicative of @entity726 .

title: Macular ganglion cell imaging study: interocular symmetry of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['normal healthy eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['normal healthy eyes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the neurotrophic factors [nerve growth factor (NGF), @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ), @entity6352 ( @entity6352 )] expression and their association with the severity and outcome of @entity1 with @entity131 . DESIGN: Prospective observational clinical study. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit. @entity1 : Fourteen @entity1 with severe @entity542 ; 12 controls with obstructive @entity1276 . MEASUREMENT: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples were collected 2 h (T1) and 24 h (T2) after @entity542 . @entity19562 levels were measured using an immuno-enzymatic assay. MAIN RESULTS: In @entity1 , @entity19562 mean levels were significantly different in both CSF and plasma, showing high levels of @entity2252 compared to NGF and @entity6352 . Considering T1 and T2 expression, in the CSF the level of NGF increased from 3.5+/-0.4 pg/ml to 48.2+/-11.7 pg/ml ( p<0.001); @entity2252 decreased from 4854.0+/-1303.7 pg/ml to 593.0+/-114.8 pg/ml ( p<0.001), while @entity6352 did not undergo significant variations. In plasma, no significant changes were observed. Regarding severity and outcome, @entity2252 levels showed a sharp peak after @entity542 , but the only significant association was between NGF expression in the CSF and a good outcome versus a poor outcome ( p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The variations in @entity19562 levels reflect an endogenous attempt at neuroprotection against biochemical and molecular changes after traumatic @entity542 . @entity2252 represents an early marker of @entity1545 , while NGF expression in the CSF was indicative of a good outcome and the role of this neurotrophin in the treatment of @entity1 with severe @entity542 may be hypothesized.

title: Correlation between XXXX expression and outcome of @entity1 with severe @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['glia-derived neurotrophic factor', 'GDNF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity19562 :: ('4908', 'Gene') :: ['Neurotrophic factor', 'neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity19562 :: (4908,Gene) :: ['neurotrophic factor']


abstract: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is a @entity409 that could be improved with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) supplementation in diet. We propose the monitoring, in whole @entity19 liver extracts and in isolated mitochondria, of the absorption of compounds from three different diets: standard (CT), high-fat (HFD) and high-fat supplemented with EVOO (HFSO). Male @entity19 were submitted to one of the following three diets: CT or HFD for 16   weeks or HFD for 8   weeks followed by additional 8   weeks with HFSO. Following this period, liver was extracted for histological evaluation, mitochondria isolation and mass spectrometry analyses. Diets, liver extracts and Percoll-purified mitochondria were analyzed using ESI-MS and the lipidomics approach. Morphological, histological and spectrometric results indicated a decrease in @entity1561 severity with EVOO supplementation in comparison with animals maintained with HFD. Spectrometric data also demonstrated that some compounds presented on the diets are absorbed by the mitochondria. EVOO was shown to be a potential therapeutic alternative in food for @entity1561 . Our results are in accordance with the proposition that the major factor that influences different responses to diets is their composition - and not only calories - especially when it comes to studies on @entity28 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Identification of compounds from high-fat and extra virgin olive oil-supplemented diets in whole XXXX liver extracts and isolated mitochondria using mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver disorder']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1579 are a group of rare @entity179 in @entity1 and animals that are histopathologically characterized by @entity149 . TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The author reviewed all available case reports and any studies of the oral aspects of @entity1579 published in peer-reviewed journals and available via PubMed. He then outlined the risk of nosocomial transmission of prions in dental health care. RESULTS: @entity13895 , or sCJD, is the most common of the acquired @entity1 prion disorders, and it typically affects elderly @entity1 and leads to rapid @entity204 . In contrast, variant @entity3605 , or @entity3605 , has affected young adults from Europe, giving rise to a @entity73 comprising both @entity146 and neurological upset. Oral neurological manifestations are rare and seem to occur only in @entity1 with @entity3605 ; there are no oral mucosal or gingival manifestations of @entity1579 . Prions can be detected in the oral tissues--usually the gingivae and dental pulp--of animals experimentally infected with prions. In contrast, prions have not been detected in the pulpal tissue of @entity1 with sCJD, and there are no data of @entity281 in @entity3605 . There also are no data suggesting that prions are transmitted easily in the dental setting, but there remains the rare risk of such transmission if appropriate @entity281 control measures are not adhered to. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Few @entity1 in the United States and worldwide have @entity1579 . Oral manifestations are rare. Evidence suggests that the risk of transmission and acquisition of a prion @entity281 as a result of dental treatment is rare, if appropriate @entity281 control measures are maintained.

title: XXXX : possible implications for oral health care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow onset disorder']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['spongiform change within the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion disease', 'prion diseases', 'Prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity13895 :: ('MESH:C565143', 'Disease') :: ['Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['fatal neurodegenerative disorders']

answer: @entity1579 :: (MESH:D017096,Disease) :: ['Prion disease']


abstract: Ligands are an imperative part of targeted drug delivery systems, and choosing a ligand with high affinity is a subject of considerable interest. In this study, we first synthesized a 12-residue peptide (TK) that interacts with integrin a6b1 overexpressed on @entity694 cells. The molecular binding affinity assay indicated that TK had a high binding affinity for integrin a6b1. The results of cellular and @entity5 spheroid uptake suggested that TK peptide not only increases Caco-2 cells uptake, but also effectively increases penetration of the @entity5 spheroids. TK-conjugated @entity59906 was synthesized to prepare a novel @entity59906 micelles loading @entity3105 or @entity1524 -6 (TK-MS/ @entity3105 or TK-MS/C6). The obtained TK-MS/ @entity3105 exhibited uniform, spherical shape with a size of 23.80        0.32   nm and zeta potential of 12.21        0.31 mV. The release behavior of @entity3105 from micelles were observed no significant changes after TK modification, however, the release profile exhibited pH-sensitive properties. Compared with MS/ @entity3105 , TK-MS/ @entity3105 exhibited significantly stronger @entity137 for Caco-2. Confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry data further indicated that the targeting micelles not only had higher uptake by Caco-2 cells, but also more effectively penetrated the @entity5 spheroids. Therefore, TK peptide appears to be suitable as a targeting ligand with potential applications in colonic targeted therapy.

title: A new peptide ligand for XXXX targeted delivery of micelles.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO), the ubiquitous free radical, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including sunburn and ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced pigmentation, and it also seems to play an important part in host defence against @entity2348 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of production of NO and time course of expression of @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) by UVB irradiation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in keratinocyte cell lines. Furthermore, we intended to elucidate the relationship between @entity3623 and NO in various stimulated conditions. METHODS: Normal @entity1 keratinocytes (NHK), HaCaT cells and PAM212 cells were irradiated with UVB at a dose of 50 mJ cm-2 and 100 mJ cm-2. Separately, the cell lines were stimulated with 20 micro g of LPS. NO was measured by the Griess assay and @entity3623 mRNA was isolated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after stimulation. RESULTS: The generation of NO was induced by UVB irradiation and LPS stimulation. NO production was significantly increased at 72 h after irradiation of UVB 100 mJ cm-2 in NHK, and at 48 and 72 h in HaCaT cells. In PAM212 cells, NO production was significantly increased at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h by UVB 100 mJ cm-2 and at 72 h by LPS. Induction of @entity3623 mRNA peaked at 48 h and then decreased to basal level at 72 h when treated with UVB irradiation. The time course of production of NO was approximately correlated with the timing of induction of @entity3623 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the expression of @entity3623 mRNA is upregulated by UVB irradiation, and that NO produced by this inducible enzyme may play a part as a mediator or an immunomodulator in UV-induced skin reactions such as sunburn reaction and photo-induced immune alterations.

title: Time course of expression of mRNA of inducible XXXX synthase and generation of @entity842 by ultraviolet B in keratinocyte cell lines.

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Prospective studies ware carried in 200 lying-ins. To diagnose @entity1316 medical interview and anonymous questionnaire BDI and EPDS were used. During interview 31% showed @entity33017 . Signs of postpartum @entity308 occurred in 18.5% @entity1 . No case of @entity716 as well as critical incident of stress debriefing were stated. Recapitulating postpartum @entity1316 occurred in 49.5% of examined group. Among negative psycho-socioeconomic factors pathological course of pregnancy in 14%, incorrect relationship with parents in 9%, low material status in 7%, unemployment in 32% and unwanted pregnancy in 3% of @entity1 were observed. @entity1316 in lying-ins @entity1 with postpartum @entity308 are correlated with occurring of least 3 of above-mentioned factors. @entity33017 was found in 31%, while signs of @entity308 were found in 17-20% of @entity1 during first week of puerperium. Existence of at least 3 negative psycho-socioeconomic factors during pregnancy or labour correlates with appearance of postpartum @entity308 .

title: [Characteristic of XXXX of the first week of puerperium].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders', 'Affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity33017 :: ('MESH:C538136', 'Disease') :: ['Baby-blues', 'baby-blues']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['affective disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) disease therapies directed at intra-mitochondrial pathology are largely ineffective. Recognizing that @entity1576 invokes pronounced extra-mitochondrial transcriptional adaptations, particularly involving dysregulated translation, we hypothesized that translational dysregulation is itself contributing to the pathophysiology of @entity2383 . Here, we investigated the activities, and effects from direct inhibition, of a central translational regulator ( @entity13407 ) and its downstream biological processes in diverse genetic and pharmacological models of @entity2383 . Our data identify novel mechanisms underlying the cellular pathogenesis of @entity1576 , including the combined induction of proteotoxic stress, the ER stress response and autophagy. @entity13407 inhibition with @entity3446 partially ameliorated @entity8 in B6.Pdss2(kd/kd) @entity19 with @entity6345 , improved viability and mitochondrial physiology in gas-1(fc21) @entity2199 with @entity9714 , and rescued viability across a variety of RC-inhibited @entity1 cells. Even more effective was @entity5119 , a @entity5601 -activating anti-lipid drug that we show also inhibits @entity13407 . However, directly inhibiting @entity13407 -regulated downstream activities yielded the most pronounced and sustained benefit. Partial inhibition of translation by @entity1880 , or of autophagy by @entity13557 , rescued viability, preserved cellular respiratory capacity and induced mitochondrial translation and biogenesis. @entity1880 also ameliorated proteotoxic stress via a uniquely selective reduction of cytosolic protein translation. RNAseq-based transcriptome profiling of treatment effects in gas-1(fc21) mutants provide further evidence that these therapies effectively restored altered translation and autophagy pathways toward that of wild-type animals. Overall, partially inhibiting cytosolic translation and autophagy offer novel treatment strategies to improve health across the diverse array of @entity1 diseases whose pathogenesis involves @entity1576 .

title: Inhibiting cytosolic translation and autophagy improves health in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide', 'Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity6345 :: ('MESH:C565128', 'Disease') :: ['complexes I-III/II-III deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['RC dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5119 :: ('MESH:D011341', 'Chemical') :: ['probucol']

entities_list: @entity9714 :: ('MESH:C537475', 'Disease') :: ['complex I deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['RC disease']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial disease']


abstract: Previous studies indicate that @entity4059 ( @entity4730 or @entity4730 ) controls the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint upon DNA damage. We present evidence for an equally important role of @entity4730 in maintaining the integrity of the G2/M checkpoint following DNA damage. HCT116, a @entity694 cell line with wild type @entity876 alleles, underwent sustained G2 arrest up to 4 days after gamma-irradiation. In contrast, HCT116 cells null for @entity876 were able to enter @entity4498 following irradiation. Western blot analyses of irradiated HCT116 cells showed increased levels of @entity876 , @entity4730 , and @entity994 and decreased levels of @entity8189 when compared with unirradiated controls. In contrast, the levels of @entity8189 increased in irradiated HCT116 @entity876 -/- cells, in which @entity4730 failed to increase due to the absence of @entity876 . When @entity4730 was inhibited by small interfering RNA, irradiated HCT116 cells exhibited increased mitotic indices and a rise in @entity8189 levels. Conversely, irradiated HCT116 @entity876 -/- cells that were infected with @entity4730 -expressing adenoviruses demonstrated a concurrent reduction in mitotic indices and @entity8189 levels. In each case, @entity10610 kinase measurements showed an inverse correlation between @entity10610 kinase activities and @entity4730 levels. Co-transfection experiments showed that @entity4730 repressed the @entity8189 promoter through a specific GC-rich element. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that both @entity4730 and HDAC were associated with the @entity8189 promoter in irradiated HCT116 cells. We conclude that @entity4730 is essential in preventing mitotic entry following gamma-irradiation and does so by inhibiting @entity8189 expression.

title: Requirement of @entity4059 in preventing XXXX following DNA damage.

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['Kr  ppel-like factor 4']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity4498 :: (OMIM:604588,Disease) :: ['entry into mitosis']


abstract: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a @entity5 treatment that has been used over the course of more than 2 decades for the removal of cutaneous and subcutaneous @entity5 . Several lines of evidence support the premise that the immune system is an important factor underlying anticancer treatment efficacy, potentially including @entity1 responses to ECT. The concept of @entity204 ( @entity204 ) arose a few years ago, stating that some @entity5 treatments generate danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that trigger an adaptive immune response against @entity5 . Hence, dying @entity5 cells behave as a therapeutic vaccine, eliciting a cytotoxic immune response against surviving malignant cells. In our study, we sought to evaluate the ability of ECT to generate @entity5 cell death encompassing the immunostimulatory characteristics of @entity204 . To this end, we assayed CT26 @entity19 @entity694 cells in vitro in response to either electric pulses (EPs) application only or in combination with the anticancer drug @entity1732 (that is ECT) by quantification of @entity23078 (CRT) membrane externalization, as well as the liberation of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) and @entity8919 ( @entity8919 ) protein. We show here that cell permeabilizing yet non-lethal electric pulses induce CRT exposure on the cell surface of EP-only treated @entity5 cells, as well as @entity855 release. However, the association of electric pulses along with the chemotherapeutic agent @entity1732 was mandatory for @entity8919 release coincident with regimen-induced cell death. These data obtained in vitro were then substantiated by vaccination protocols performed in immunocompetent @entity19 , showing that the injection of dying ECT-treated cells elicits an antitumor immune response that prevents the growth of a subsequent administration of viable @entity5 cells. We also confirmed previous results showing ECT treatment is much more efficient in immunocompetent animals than in immunodeficient ones, causing complete regressions in the former but not in the latter. This supports a central role for immunity in this beneficial outcome. In conclusion, we show that ECT not only possesses an intrinsic cytotoxic property toward @entity5 cells but also generates a systemic anticancer immune response via the activation of @entity204 . Hence, ECT may represent an interesting approach to treat solid @entity5 while preventing recurrence and @entity3 , possibly in combination with immunostimulating agents.

title: Electrochemotherapy with @entity1732 induces hallmarks of @entity204 in @entity19 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['immunogenic cell death', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Conduit artery @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is a noninvasive index of preclinical @entity731 in @entity1 . Exercise interventions can improve @entity384 in both healthy and clinical populations. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effect of exercise training on @entity384 in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents as well as investigate the role of @entity410 (peak @entity26 consumption [Vo2peak]) on effects observed. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cinahl databases were searched from the earliest available date to February 2015. STUDY SELECTION: Studies of @entity1 and/or adolescents who were overweight or @entity28 were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Standardized data extraction forms were used for @entity1 and intervention characteristics, control/comparator groups, and key outcomes. Procedural quality of the studies was assessed using a modified version of the Physiotherapy Evidence Base Database scale. RESULTS: A meta-analysis involving 219 @entity1 compared the mean difference of pre- versus postintervention vascular function ( @entity384 ) and Vo2peak between an exercise training intervention and a control condition. There was a significantly greater improvement in @entity384 (mean difference 1.54%, P < .05) and Vo2peak (mean difference 3.64 mL/kg/min, P < .05) after exercise training compared with controls. LIMITATIONS: Given the diversity of exercise prescriptions, @entity1 characteristics, and @entity384 measurement protocols, varying @entity384 effect size was noted between trials. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training improves vascular function in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 , as indicated by enhanced @entity384 . Further research is required to establish the optimum exercise program for maintenance of healthy vascular function in this at-risk pediatric population.

title: Exercise and Vascular Function in XXXX Obesity: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'humans', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 in Mexico is ranked third in both males and females. Most @entity1 present clinically with @entity1442 and treatment options are sparse. @entity1722 overexpression in @entity356 is related to poor outcome. Immunohistochemical testing for @entity1722 is becoming the standard of care for guiding adjuvant treatment of @entity356 with trastuzumab. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of @entity1722 overexpression in @entity1 with @entity356 in the Hospital de Oncolog  a del Centro M  dico Nacional, Siglo XXI and its association with other histopathological findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent surgery between March 12, 2006-August 31, 2011, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Diagnosis was confirmed by review of slides and immunohistochemistry with anti- @entity1722 antibody was performed. Scoring was done by Hoffman scoring system. Medical records were evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety-three @entity1 were included in the study, with 43 (46.2%) male and 50 (53.7%) female @entity1 . The median age was 64 years. @entity1722 -positive @entity5 were identified in 6 @entity1 (6.45%) and located most frequently in the proximal stomach. There was no difference in @entity1722 overexpression in relation to age, gender or histologic type. CONCLUSION: In our study, about 7% of @entity1 with @entity356 were @entity1722 -positive on immunohistochemistry.

title: [Immunohistochemical assessment of XXXX expression in @entity356 . A clinicopathologic study of 93 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity6 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated the powerful impact of glycemic control on the early manifestations of microvascular complications. Contemporary prospective data on the evolution of macrovascular and late microvascular complications of type 1 @entity6 are limited. The Epidemiology of @entity6 Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study is a multicenter, longitudinal, observational study designed to use the well-characterized DCCT cohort of > 1,400 @entity1 to determine the long-term effects of prior separation of glycemic levels on micro- and macrovascular outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using a standardized annual history and physical examination, 28 EDIC clinical centers that were DCCT clinics will follow the EDIC cohort for 10 years. Annual evaluation also includes resting electrocardiogram. Doppler ultrasound measurements of ankle/arm blood pressure, and screening for @entity8 . At regular intervals, a timed 4-h urine is collected, lipid profiles are obtained, and stereoscopic fundus photographs are taken. In addition, dual B-mode Doppler ultrasound scans of the common and internal carotid arteries will be performed at years 1 and 6 and at study end. RESULTS: Written informed consent was obtained from 96% of the DCCT subjects. The @entity1 , compared with nonparticipants, tended to have better glycemic control at the completion of the DCCT and were more likely to have their @entity6 care provided by DCCT personnel. The EDIC baseline measurement stratified by sex delineates multiple @entity65 risk factor differences such as age (older in @entity1 ), waist-to-hip ratio (higher in @entity1 ). HDL @entity165 (lower in @entity1 ), @entity101 (more prevalent in @entity1 ), and maximum intimal-medial thickness of common and internal carotid arteries (thicker in @entity1 ). Of the original conventional treatment group, 69% have changed to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily injections. Although the mean HbA1c difference between the intensive and conventional treatment groups narrowed at EDIC years 1 and 2, @entity4051 c remained significantly lower in the intensive group. Of all expected clinic visits, 95% were completed, and the quality of EDIC data is very similar to that observed in the DCCT. CONCLUSIONS: Although obvious problems exist in extended follow-up studies of completed clinical trials, these are balanced by the value of continued systematic observation of the DCCT cohort. In contrast to other epidemiologic studies, EDIC will provide 1) definitive data on type 1 as distinct from type 2 @entity6 ; 2) reliance on prospective rather than on cross-sectional analysis; 3) long-term follow-up in a large population; 4) consistent use of objective, reliable measures of outcomes and glycemia; and 5) observation of @entity1 from before the onset of complications.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX Interventions and Complications (EDIC). Design, implementation, and preliminary results of a long-term follow-up of the @entity6 Control and Complications Trial cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discover the extent to which @entity1 with @entity5011 receive treatment by a physiotherapist (as inpatients and outpatients), and to assess whether the amount of treatment received is related to outcome. DESIGN: Survey method using self-administered questionnaires distributed through a national database. @entity1 : Members of the Guillain-Barr   Syndrome Support Group (n=1535). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: General @entity1 data, general mobility, F-score, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, Short Form-36 and Fatigue Severity Scale. RESULTS: In total, 884/1535 (58%) complete responses were received. Nearly 10% of respondents had not received treatment by a physiotherapist in hospital despite their average functional level being the same as respondents who had received treatment in hospital. One-quarter of respondents said that they had not received treatment following hospital discharge despite the identification of relatively high levels of disability. Those who did not receive treatment by a physiotherapist following discharge were less severely disabled. This may indicate that physiotherapists tend to offer treatment to more severely disabled @entity1 . The majority of @entity1 @entity717 fatigue; whilst not statistically related to receipt of treatment by a physiotherapist, this highlights the importance of assessing fatigue in treatment plans to improve physical functioning. CONCLUSION: Improvements to policy and practice can be made by widening inpatient accessibility to treatment by a physiotherapist and increasing outpatient provision of treatment for @entity1 with @entity5011 of all degrees of severity.

title: Physiotherapy and XXXX : results of a national survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reported disabling']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: The localization of @entity6402 complex (Bcc) bacteria in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) lungs, alone or during coinfection with @entity796 , is poorly understood. We performed immunohistochemistry for Bcc and @entity796 bacteria on 21 coinfected or singly infected @entity1577 lungs obtained at transplantation or autopsy. Parallel in vitro experiments examined the growth of two Bcc species, @entity7081 and @entity9180 , in environments similar to those occupied by @entity796 in the @entity1577 lung. Bcc bacteria were predominantly identified in the @entity1577 lung as single cells or small clusters within phagocytes and mucus but not as "biofilm-like structures." In contrast, @entity796 was identified in biofilm-like masses, but densities appeared to be reduced during coinfection with Bcc bacteria. Based on chemical analyses of @entity1577 and non- @entity1577 respiratory secretions, a test medium was defined to study Bcc growth and interactions with @entity796 in an environment mimicking the @entity1577 lung. When test medium was supplemented with alternative electron acceptors under anaerobic conditions, @entity7081 and @entity9180 used fermentation rather than anaerobic respiration to gain energy, consistent with the identification of fermentation products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both Bcc species also expressed mucinases that produced carbon sources from mucins for growth. In the presence of @entity796 in vitro, both Bcc species grew anaerobically but not aerobically. We propose that Bcc bacteria (i) invade a @entity796 -infected @entity1577 lung when the airway lumen is anaerobic, (ii) inhibit @entity796 biofilm-like growth, and (iii) expand the host bacterial niche from mucus to also include macrophages.

title: Localization of XXXX complex bacteria in cystic fibrosis lungs and interactions with @entity796 in hypoxic mucus.

entities_list: @entity9180 :: ('87883', 'Species') :: ['B. multivorans', 'Burkholderia multivorans']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia cepacia']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity7081 :: ('95486', 'Species') :: ['B. cenocepacia', 'Burkholderia cenocepacia']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity6402 :: (292,Species) :: ['Burkholderia cepacia']


abstract: A 68-year old @entity1 was hospitalised because of isolated @entity712 . Doppler echocardiography revealed severe @entity997 with thickened, shortened, hypomobile leaflets. Pulmonary valve was thickened with mild @entity338 . Mitral and aortic valves were normal. The @entity1 was finally diagnosed with @entity299 from an isolated ovarian @entity5 without hepatic metastases. Ovarectomy was performed and the @entity1 was considered cured of her @entity5 . Because of refractory @entity712 , she underwent tricuspid valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. Such cardiovascular manifestations are rarely the presenting symptoms of @entity26555 . @entity299 from @entity43 is exceptional. In this circumstance, carcinoid @entity299 may develop in the absence of hepatic metastases because the venous blood from the ovaries drains into the inferior vena cava without hepatic first past effect. Surgical resection of primary @entity43 is often curative and the prognosis depends mainly on the @entity299 . The diagnosis of @entity4303 should be discussed in @entity1 with organic @entity997 without @entity340 .

title: [Isolated XXXX of the @entity43 by @entity997 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian primary cancer', 'ovarian carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac condition', 'carcinoid heart disease', 'cardiac lesions', 'Carcinoid heart disease']

entities_list: @entity26555 :: ('MESH:D002275', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['left valvular disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['carcinoid tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the relationship between clinical risk factors for systemic @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity955 and the prevalence of left atrial (LA) spontaneous echocontrast (SEC) and LA @entity715 (LAT). BACKGROUND: @entity955 is associated with an increased risk of systemic @entity1031 . LA SEC and LAT also predict @entity1031 events. The relationship between clinical risk factors for systemic @entity1031 and prevalence of LA SEC and LAT is unknown. METHODS: In all, 524 @entity1 with @entity955 underwent transesophageal echocardiography between August 2000 and March 2005. Clinical risk factors for systemic @entity1031 were determined for each @entity1 . A CHADS(2) score ranging from 0 to 6 was calculated for each @entity1 as: @entity712 = 1 point; @entity101 = 1 point; age 75 years or older = 1 point; @entity6 = 1 point; and history of @entity64 including transient @entity63 = 2 points. Transesophageal echocardiography reports were reviewed for the presence of LA SEC and LAT. Univariate and multivariable models were structured to assess which clinical risk factors predicted the presence of LA SEC or LAT. RESULTS: In a multivariable model, age 75 years or older, previous @entity1031 , and @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) less than 40% predicted LA SEC, whereas @entity1002 less than 40% was the only predictor of LAT. LA SEC was present in 24% of @entity1 with a CHADS(2) score of 0, but was present in 58% with a CHADS(2) score of 5 or 6 (P < .0001). LAT was present in 3% percent of @entity1 with a CHADS(2) score of 0, but in 17% of @entity1 with a CHADS(2) score of 5 or 6 (P = .0026). CONCLUSION: Age 75 years or older, previous @entity1031 , and @entity1002 less than 40% predict presence of LA SEC. @entity1002 less than 40% is the only multivariate predictor of LAT. The prevalence of LA SEC and LAT increases with increasing CHADS(2) score.

title: Clinical predictors of left @entity715 and spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in XXXX with @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack or systemic embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic event']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the patterns of cervical @entity1600 of @entity259 . METHODS: Ninety-one @entity1 with @entity259 first treated between January 1999 and October 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Of 91 @entity1 , 39 cases presented with clinical negative node (cN0) and 52 cases with clinical positive node (cN+). Central compartment dissection was performed in all cases. Lateral neck dissection was performed in 52 cN+ cases (71 sides). All neck dissection specimens were obtained and analyzed for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) involvement with respect to neck levels. The distribution of @entity1600 with @entity3 was studied in cN+ @entity1 and the following factors were used to study the predictive value of central compartment @entity1600 @entity3 : sex, age, family history, @entity5 size, bilateral @entity5 , multifocality of the @entity5 , extracapsular spread, and remote @entity3 . Univariate analysis with the   (2) test was used to analyze the statistical correlation between central compartment @entity1600 @entity3 and other clinical factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors related to central compartment @entity3 . RESULTS: Neck and bilateral neck @entity3 rates were 73.6%, 19.8% respectively. @entity3 rates in central compartment and superior mediastinal region were 68.1% and 27.5% respectively. The central compartment @entity3 rate was 33.3% in cN0 @entity1 and 94.2% in cN+ @entity1 . The superior mediastinal @entity3 rate was 2.6% in cN0 @entity1 and 46.2% in cN+ @entity1 . Extracapsular spread was an independent predictive factor for central compartment @entity3 (  (2)=15.592, P=0.000, OR=12.876). The incidences of @entity1600 metastases at level II, III, IV, V were 62.9%,84.5%,83.1%,50.0% in cN+ @entity1 , respectively. Multi-sites were involved. The possibility of lateral neck @entity3 was higher when preoperative value of @entity175 was higher than 300 ng/L (66.7% vs 28.6%,   (2)=5.771, P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Cervical @entity1600 of @entity259 is higher. Central compartment dissection is necessary in cN0 @entity1 with extracapsular spread. Neck dissection from level II to level VII was necessary in cN+ @entity1 . Preoperative value of calcitonin maybe can predict the lateral neck @entity3 incidence.

title: [Cervical @entity1600 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph node metastasis', 'lymph node']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Extracellular matrix expansion in the glomerular mesangium contributes to the development of @entity631 and chronic @entity8 in @entity101 . @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) are involved in this process. Conflicting data are reported on the effects of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) and the response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on MMPs and TIMPs in early stages of hypertensive @entity8 . We therefore investigated the effects of @entity1808 -dependent @entity101 on @entity11017 , @entity6929 , @entity6930 , and @entity11018 in isolated glomeruli of 8-week-old homozygous male @entity35 overexpressing the @entity19 @entity15656 gene [TGR(mRen2)27]. At this age, systolic blood pressure was already significantly elevated in @entity15656 compared with Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 (197 +/- 38 versus 125 +/- 16 mm Hg, p < 0.01). @entity15656 exhibited @entity8 as determined by increased urinary albumin excretion, focal @entity631 , mesangial matrix expansion, and @entity1918 deposition. Quantification of mRNA levels in isolated glomeruli by real-time polymerase chain reaction showed a significant increase of @entity1810 , a 2.3- and a 2.6-fold increase of @entity11017 and @entity6930 in @entity15656 compared with SD (p < 0.01, respectively) and no strain differences for @entity11018 . In contrast, @entity6929 mRNA expression was markedly suppressed to 10% of control levels in @entity15656 (p < 0.01). Early treatment with ramipril completely prevented @entity8 in @entity15656 and restored mRNA expression of @entity1810 , @entity11017 , and @entity6930 to SD control levels. Interestingly, down-regulation of @entity6929 mRNA, protein, and activity was not affected by @entity3372 , indicating that the protective effect of this compound is not attributable to restoration of @entity6929 in the glomerulus.

title: Expression and response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition of @entity11017 in XXXX in young transgenic @entity35 with renin-dependent @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage', 'renal disease', 'glomerular damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal glomerular damage']


abstract: Since there is a need for cost-effective screening techniques to identify @entity73 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 , and because existing methods require cognitive testing with subsequent interpretation by a neuropsychologist, a brief self-report procedure was developed to screen for @entity73 in @entity15 . In the first phase of the study, a pool of 80 items was generated based on a literature review and consultation with healthcare professionals. The set was reduced to 15 via Rasch analysis. Using these items, a brief (five minute) @entity15 Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ), including @entity1 - and informant-report forms, was composed. In phase II, 50 @entity15 @entity1 and their caregivers completed the MSNQ. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was also administered. Analyses covered the reliability of the MSNQ and correlations between both @entity1 - and informant-report scores and objective neuropsychological testing. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.93 and 0.94 for the @entity1 - and informant-report forms, respectively, and both forms of the test were strongly correlated with a more general cognitive complaints questionnaire. The @entity1 MSNQ form correlated significantly with measures of @entity308 but not with objective tests of cognitive function. In contrast, the informant form was correlated with @entity1 cognitive performance but not @entity308 . A cut-off score of 27 on the informant form of the MSNQ optimally separated @entity1 based on a neuropsychological summary score encompassing measures of processing speed and memory. There were two false-negatives and one false-positive, giving the test a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.97. It is concluded, therefore, that this self-administered neuropsychological screening test is reliable and predicts @entity73 in @entity15 @entity1 with a reasonable degree of accuracy.

title: Screening for XXXX using a self-administered 15-item questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis cognitive impairment']