abstract: UNASSIGNED: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a treatment option with proved effectiveness especially in drug resist @entity308 . It is used in functional brain mapping before neurosurgery operations and diagnostic of corticospinal tract transmission. Many studies are performed to evaluate rTMS using in treatment of @entity3119 , @entity161 , @entity2438 , @entity64 , tinnitus, @entity191 , cranial @entity130 . Moreover rTMS was used in treatment of @entity15 , @entity2704 , @entity3519 . Electromagnetical field generated by rTMS penetrate skin of the scalp and infiltrate brain tissues to a depth of 2 cm, cause neurons depolarization and generating motor, cognitive and affective effects. Depending on the stimulation frequency rTMS can stimuli or inhibit brain cortex. rTMS mechanism of action remains elusive. Probably it is connected with enhancement of neurotransmitters, modulation of signals transductions pathways in Central Nervous System, gene transcription and release of neuroprotective substances. Studies with use of animals revealed that rTMS stimulation can generate brain changes similar to those seen after electric shock therapy without provoking @entity410 . The aim of presenting study was to analyze actual researches evaluating rTMS use in treatment of @entity146 .

title: [Evaluation of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation effectiveness in treatment of XXXX and neurologic diseases].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric and neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive - compulsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determine the prevalence of stress @entity322 among males and females at or after age 15 years in an education and research health district. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a personal interview questionnaires were given to a total of 2,053 @entity1 at or after age 15 years in an education and research health district near Ankara, @entity233 . In addition to the particular questions about @entity3142 , the medical history, including congenital or acquired diseases of clinical significance, operations and details relevant to positive findings were obtained. Groups with or without @entity3142 were compared in regard to age and sex, and parity in @entity1 . Subgroups that emerged as to the presence of @entity2183 and/or urgency @entity322 were examined in regard to @entity262 , operations, @entity154 and regular medications. RESULTS: A total of 229 @entity1 (11.1%) had @entity3142 , with a female predominance of 20.8% versus 1.0% (p <0.05). @entity1 65 years old or older experienced @entity3142 6.24 times more than those in the 15 to 24-year age group. In contrast, females had increasing @entity3142 prevalence by age as noted by relevant odds ratios. @entity3142 prevalences among @entity1 in the 35 to 44 and 45 to 54-year age groups were about 39 and 35 times higher than those of @entity1 in the corresponding age groups. As expected the @entity322 prevalences increased with the number of births in @entity1 . @entity2183 was absent in 50.2% of all subjects, whereas 26.7% reported @entity2183 at all times and 23.0% had @entity2183 sometimes. Persistent @entity2183 was present in 21.1% of males and 32.1% of females. Persistent @entity2183 and urgency were apparently greater in @entity1 with @entity262 and/or those who had undergone surgery. Urgency @entity322 was present in 9.7% of the entire population with a distinct female predominance of 16.3% versus 2.7%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3142 occurred in both sexes at or after age 15 years with a female predominance. The prevalence of @entity3142 increases with age and parity in @entity1 . Urgency and @entity2183 are more prevalent in @entity1 with @entity262 and those who have undergone previous pelvic or neurosurgical operations.

title: Prevalence of stress XXXX in both sexes at or after age 15 years: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2183 :: ('MESH:D053158', 'Disease') :: ['Nocturia', 'nocturia']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence', 'Stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2530 of the knee after various arthroscopic procedures associated with the use of laser or radiofrequency devices has been described in a few case reports. The purpose of this study was to report on a series of nineteen @entity1 with @entity2530 of the knee after arthroscopic procedures. A literature search was done to compare this series of @entity1 to previously reported cases. In addition, we analyzed the outcome after treatment with minimally invasive knee arthroplasty. METHODS: We studied @entity1 who had development of @entity2530 of the knee after a routine arthroscopic procedure. Preoperative and postoperative clinical notes, radiographs, and magnetic resonance images of @entity1 were analyzed. Only those @entity1 with no evidence of @entity2530 on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging who later had development of @entity2530 and subsequently required a knee arthroplasty were included. We conducted a search of the current literature to compare the results seen in our @entity1 population with those seen in other @entity1 with this entity. @entity1 were followed both clinically and radiographically for a mean of sixty-two months. RESULTS: A total of nineteen @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. There were fourteen @entity1 and five @entity1 with a mean age of sixty-nine years. Six @entity1 underwent an arthroscopy with associated holmium or yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet laser treatment, ten @entity1 had associated radiofrequency treatment, and three @entity1 had microfracture surgery. Subsequent arthroplasty procedures included four unicompartmental knee arthroplasties and fifteen tricompartmental knee arthroplasties. At the time of final follow-up, the mean Knee Society objective score was 95 points. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic procedures may play a role in the development of @entity2530 of the knee. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of @entity1 to have development of this condition after arthroscopy with associated laser, radiofrequency, or microfracture surgery. The midterm results of knee arthroplasty in this unique @entity1 population are comparable with those of @entity1 undergoing knee arthroplasty for @entity571 of the knee. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors on jbjs.org for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX of the knee after laser or radiofrequency-assisted arthroscopy: treatment with minimally invasive knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Osteonecrosis']


abstract: Plant temperature-induced lipocalins (TILs) have been shown to be responsive to @entity8291 ( @entity8291 ), but the nature of this response was unknown. In this study, a reverse genetic approach was taken to elucidate the role of @entity958 @entity39987 (At5g58070) in thermotolerance. A T-DNA knock-out line of @entity39987 ( @entity39987 ) showed severe defects in basal (BT) and @entity2319 ( @entity2319 ), which could be complemented by introducing the wild-type gene. However, over-expression of @entity39987 did not significantly enhance thermotolerance in transgenic plants. @entity39987 is peripherally associated with plasma membrane. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the @entity1457 response in @entity39987 seedlings was about the same as in the wild-type plants except the expression of @entity39987 . The level of @entity39987 did not affect the temperature threshold for @entity1457 protein induction. Ion leakage analysis revealed no significant difference in membrane stability between the wild-type and @entity39987 seedlings. These results suggest that @entity39987 is not involved in regulating membrane fluidity or stability. Nevertheless, the mutant plants were also more sensitive than the wild type to @entity2469 , a reagent that induces lipid peroxidation. Taken together, these data indicate that @entity39987 is an essential component for thermotolerance and probably functions by acting against lipid peroxidation induced by severe @entity8291 .

title: Temperature-induced lipocalin is required for basal and XXXX in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['acquired thermotolerance', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity8291 :: ('MESH:D018882', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'heat stress']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['tert-butyl hydroperoxide']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['acquired thermotolerance']


abstract: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is the most important infectious complication in @entity298 ( @entity298 ), but disagreement remains about the impact of @entity298 modality on the frequency of @entity298 episodes. We compared indices linked to @entity298 between @entity1 on @entity1726 ( @entity1726 ) and those on @entity1726 ( @entity1726 ) in the short and very long term. The study included 9 prevalent and 72 incident @entity1 on @entity1726 (twin-bag system) and 37 incident @entity1 on @entity1726 from 4 August 1995 to 31 March 2011. Data were collected prospectively from our database. The cumulative @entity298 rate ( @entity13324 ) by weighted Student t-test (p < 0.05) expressed as the probabilities of remaining free of a first @entity298 episode and remaining free of all @entity298 episodes were compared by the Kaplan-Meier method (log rank p < 0.05). The proportion of @entity1 with @entity298 (PPP) per group (chi2 p < 0.05) and the relative risk (RR) of @entity298 were also calculated. The @entity1726 @entity1 included 51 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 [mean age.: 50.2 +/- 14.21 years (range: 15-82 years); duration of treatment: 3579 @entity1 -months (mean: 44.2 +/- 34.2 @entity1 -months); @entity298 episodes: 111] had a @entity13324 of 0.38 episodes (1 episode in 31.35 @entity1 -months) and a @entity298 rate per year (PRY) in the range 0.08-0.89 episodes. The @entity1726 @entity1 [23 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 ; mean age: 53.62 +/- 13.61 years (range: 26-78 years); duration of treatment: 1718 @entity1 -months (mean: 46.4-38.3 @entity1 -months); @entity298 episodes: 46] had a @entity13324 of 0.32 episodes (1 episode in 373 @entity1 --months) and a PRY in the range 0-1.12 episodes. At 1, 3, 5, and 10 years respectively, a first @entity298 episode occurred in 73%, 36%, 23%, and 8% of @entity1726 and 72%, 59%, 35%, and 23% ofAPD @entity1 (log-rank p = 0. 056; @entity13324 : p = 0.01; PPP: chi2 p = 0.39), for a RR of 0.83 linked to @entity1726 compared with @entity1726 . A lower @entity298 frequency and a trend of less time to first @entity298 was observed for @entity1726 compared with @entity1726 . The @entity1726 @entity1 did not show a higher risk of developing @entity298 than did the @entity1726 @entity1 . For comparisons between the modalities, @entity13324 is a reliable index in the very long term at risk. Depending on the size of the population and the time at risk, the PRYobtained on short follow-up could result in a misinterpretation of the performance of each treatment modality.

title: Continuous ambulatory @entity298 versus automated XXXX and @entity298 in the short and very long term at risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1726 :: ('OMIM:168600', 'Disease') :: ['CAPD', 'APD', 'automated PD', 'continuous ambulatory PD']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['P', 'peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'Peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: We studied the early infectious complications of all @entity1 admitted for intensive care over a six-year period who were at high risk of having severe aspiration of gastric or pharyngeal secretions. @entity1 were only analyzed if they required mechanical ventilation for @entity1576 , had a blood culture obtained in the first 48 hours, and survived at least 24 hours. @entity281 were identified by positive blood cultures. Possible @entity281 were defined as fever (over 38.5 degrees C), abnormal leukocyte count (greater than 10,000 or less than 5000), and a potential pathogen in tracheal secretions. @entity1 ' diagnoses included near-drowning (13), @entity5744 (5), observed aspiration of gastric contents in a hospitalized @entity1 (2), and @entity7294 aspiration (1). Of 21 high-risk @entity1 , five (23.8%) had @entity281 and two (9.5%) had possible @entity281 in the first 48 hours. In contrast, no late @entity281 were seen. Infected @entity1 tended to be older (P less than 0.05). No diagnostic features in the first two days of hospitalization reliably identified those who would develop @entity281 (P greater than 0.05). Since early life-threatening infection is common and cannot be reliably predicted by clinical signs, we recommend aggressive bacteriologic surveillance and the administration of IV antibiotics on admission to all @entity1 in @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation after presumed aspiration of gastric or pharyngeal secretions.

title: Can early bacterial complications of aspiration with XXXX be predicted?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['aspirated foreign body']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infections', 'early infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'acute respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: Alleviating @entity1118 is a global healthcare priority. Understanding the medical profile and current treatment patterns in @entity1 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is crucial to the development of effective @entity158 management strategies. Thus, our objective was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity9 and their use of @entity158 medications. Using the general practice research database, we categorized @entity9 in two ways: Pure @entity9 (which include @entity3949 , @entity14000 , etc.; N=16,690) and Mixed @entity9 (which include @entity615 with @entity1109 ; N=14,309). On average, PND @entity1 were 55 years old (Pure, 55.4 [SD=16.9] years; Mixed, 54.3 [SD=16.4] years). Over a third had other @entity1118 -related (Pure, 37.5%; Mixed, 37.1%) and nearly a quarter had non- @entity158 related (Pure, 28.1%; Mixed, 24.1%) comorbidities. Use of medications with clinically demonstrated efficacy in @entity9 was higher among @entity1 with Pure @entity9 (tricyclic antidepressants [Pure, 16.6%; Mixed, 10.1%]; 2nd generation antidepressants [Pure, 11.0%; Mixed, 9.7%]; and antiepileptics [Pure, 12.2%; Mixed, 2.6%]), whereas use of NSAIDs (Pure, 43.1%; Mixed, 65.2%) and opioids (Pure, 8.5%; Mixed, 14.3%) was higher among @entity1 with Mixed @entity9 . Average daily doses of select @entity9 -related medications among PND @entity1 (Pure and Mixed) were lower than those recommended for @entity9 . Among both Pure and Mixed PND @entity1 , use and doses of evidenced-based @entity9 -related medications was low, and lower than the use of NSAIDs (a medication class with no proven efficacy for @entity9 ) in each group, suggesting possible sub-optimal @entity9 management among these @entity1 .

title: Clinical characteristics and @entity158 management among @entity1 with @entity158 peripheral XXXX in general practice settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic involvement']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back/neck pain']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'PNDs', 'painful neuropathic disorders']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['neuropathic disorders']


abstract: Tissue cultures were performed on stools from 189 @entity1 to detect a cytopathic toxin which is neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin. Specimens satisfying these criteria were considered positive in the tissue culture assay. Stools from 26 of 27 patients with antibiotic-associated @entity8307 were positive and 16 of these specimens showed toxin titers of 10(-3) dilutions or greater. The tissue culture assay was positive with specimens from 9 of 63 patients with antibiotic-associated @entity294 without documented @entity8307 formation. Stools from @entity1 with @entity3166 , @entity31 , and healthy controls were uniformly negative in this assay. Cultures were performed on stools from 38 patients with antibiotic-associated @entity294 or @entity1960 to detect clostridia which produce a cytopathic toxin in vitro. @entity2718 was recovered from 6 of 8 specimens which were positive in the tissue culture assay and 5 of 30 which were negative in this assay. C. sordellii was recovered in a single specimen. One hundred and nine clostridia strains were tested in the tissue culture assay and @entity2718 was the only species which produced a cytopathic toxin. All strains of this organism were positive in the tissue culture assay and, in each instance, @entity137 was neutralized by C. sordellii antitoxin. These results indicate that @entity2718 is the major cause of antibiotic-associated @entity8307 and offer an explanation for previous studies showing that the cytotoxin of stools from these @entity1 is neutralized by C, sordellii antitoxin.

title: Role of Clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis', 'pseudomembrane']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity8307 :: (MESH:D004761,Disease) :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Toxin injections are an effective treatment for neurogenic detrusor overactivity. The efficacy of repeat injections is not well documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of repeat injections of toxin A to the detrusor in @entity1 with neurogenic overactive bladders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who had received 300-UI injections of Botox(R) were retrospectively studied. The clinical data included continence, duration of the absence of @entity322 , changes in anticholinergic dosage or pad use and @entity1 satisfaction. Urodynamic data analyzed were maximal cystometric capacity, @entity1494 and detrusor pressure during contraction. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS-DISCUSSION: Data for 42 @entity1 (30 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ) were analysed. Pathologic features were @entity130 to the spinal cord, @entity15 or varied causes of @entity602 . @entity1 received 1 to 6 injections of Botox(R). The mean duration of efficacy was 6 months. Efficacy did not differ among successive injections. Anticholinergic drugs were discontinued in 43% of @entity1 and pad use in 48%. A total of 80% of the @entity1 were satisfied with the treatment. @entity1494 disappeared in 70% of @entity1 . The mean maximal cystometric capacity increase was 144 ml. CONCLUSION: Clinical and urodynamic data show that repeat injection of toxins to the detrusor remains an effective therapy for @entity2182 . Efficacy for continence is maintained during successive injections.

title: [Efficacy of repeat injections of botulinum A toxin to the detrusor in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder contraction', 'bladder contraction']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder overactivity']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bladder overactivity']


abstract: @entity165 side-chain cleavage (CSCC) catalyzed by purified @entity291 adrenal mitochondrial @entity21767 is highly dependent on the vesicles that supply @entity165 . Six-fold higher rates are achieved with large unilamellar @entity14146 vesicles (diameter 150 nm) prepared by @entity6072 (OG) dialysis ( @entity14146 -LUV) than with small sonicated vesicles (diameter 30 nm) ( @entity14146 -SUV) (Vmax = 25 and 4 min-1, respectively. Extensive dialysis that may remove OG decreased Vmax rates for @entity14146 -LUV almost to rates seen with @entity14146 -SUV. These dialyzed @entity14146 -LUV were, however, very sensitive to addition of OG (EC50 = 2.5 microM, 4.3-fold stimulation) while @entity14146 -SUV were only weakly affected (EC50 = 100 microM, 1.6-fold stimulation). This enhancement of CSCC in LUV by OG only occurred when the @entity165 : @entity14146 exceeded 0.1 and was associated with a 15-fold increase in the Km for @entity165 . Structural changes in both SUV and LUV at high @entity165 : @entity14146 ratios (0.1-1) were indicated by decreases in internal volume that were insensitive to OG and did not affect the external diameters. @entity3106 produced a similar stimulation of CSCC in LUV (EC50 = 50 microM) and had no effect on SUV. The Vmax for CSCC, produced by OG activation of @entity14146 -LUV, is comparable to the highest attained for @entity21767 ( @entity9266 / @entity165 ). In LUV, a minor proportion of OG (1-5% of @entity165 ) is thus sufficient to generate a domain of reactive @entity165 that maintains a near-optimum turnover. This increased CSCC was paralleled by increased binding of @entity165 to @entity21767 , suggesting that this @entity165 is more readily donated by the membrane to the cytochrome.

title: XXXX metabolism by purified @entity21767 is highly stimulated by @entity6072 and @entity3106 exclusively in large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles.

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['Stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6072 :: ('MESH:C018619', 'Chemical') :: ['octyl glucoside']

entities_list: @entity14146 :: ('MESH:C017251', 'Chemical') :: ['dioleoylphosphatidylcholine', 'DOPC']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: There is a high frequency of dyshidrosis in @entity191 . Daily use of an antiparkinsonian drug does not affect sweating. Mental sweating relates to the contraction period and seriousness. However, hyperthermic sweating does not necessarily relate to the contraction period or seriousness. @entity854 are not necessarily correlated with cardiovascular autonomic disturbances. As the autonomic disturbance becomes more advanced, dyshidrosis becomes more common. @entity1119 may develop with @entity910 . @entity1119 may be improved by the temporally administration of levodopa. Dyshidrosis might be caused by a centrally-acting abnormality during its early stage. However, @entity854 as well as central changes may increase as the disease progresses. The presence of dyshidrosis affects the QOL and @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity191 . The only therapy for @entity74 is the administration of levodopa or dopaminagonist. Additional studies including therapy for @entity74 are necessary.

title: Sweating dysfunctions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['postganglional abnormalities', 'Abnormalities in mental sweating']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['sweating disorders', 'hyperhydrotic sweating disorders']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: This is a retrospective comparison of @entity1 with unresected @entity1721 treated by radiation therapy and chemotherapy (21 @entity1 ) versus radiation therapy alone (34 @entity1 ). Pretreatment characteristics were comparable in both groups. In the combined modality group, treatment was given in split courses with concomitant radiation therapy (20 to 25 Gy in 10 fractions on days 1-12 and days 42-54) and chemotherapy (bolus @entity1138 on day 1; 96 hr. of continuous 5 Fluorouracil infusion on days 1-4 and days 42-46). There was improvement in @entity66 control with the combined modality approach. Initial complete response was achieved in 86% of the radiation and chemotherapy group, versus 57% of the radiation alone group. The one-year local relapse-free rate was 67% versus 35%, and 2 year rate was 41% versus 28%. (p less than 0.05). The 1-year and 2-year survival was 64% and 32% respectively, for the radiation and chemotherapy group, versus 28% and 10% respectively for the radiation alone group (p less than 0.05). The majority of @entity1 had disease relapsed, 81% of the combined modality group and 97% of the radiation alone group. However, the pattern of failure was different in the two groups. In the radiation and chemotherapy group, 29% had local failure alone, 53% had distant failure alone, and 18% had both local and distant failure. In the radiation alone group, 33% had local failure alone, 24% had distant failure alone, and 43% had both local and distant failure. Concomitant radiation therapy, 5 @entity1487 infusion and bolus @entity1138 is effective treatment for local control in @entity1721 , but not for distant hematogenous metastases. This combined modality treatment was well tolerated, with little additional hematological @entity137 , @entity2910 and @entity3136 over radiation therapy alone.

title: Concomitant XXXX infusion, @entity1138 and radical radiation therapy in @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a model that might predict the probability of lymph node and distant @entity3 (stages IIIC-IV) in @entity1204 . METHODS: We studied 774 @entity1 with @entity1204 treated in a single institution. Demographic factors, biochemical factors and preoperative @entity5 characteristics, identified as potential risk factors for advanced @entity189 in unadjusted analyses, were used to create a logistic regression model with lymph node and distant @entity3 as the dependent variable. Statistically significant odds ratios in the regression model were rounded to the nearest whole number. These rounded values were the estimated weights for each factor that were summed to generate a score that might predict the probability of stage IIIC-IV @entity189 . RESULTS: Biochemical factors and preoperative @entity5 characteristics predicted lymph node and distant @entity3 in the regression model, whereas demographic factors were without effect. The score combining weighted risk factors was: (2   leukocytosis)+(3   @entity1148 )+(7   elevated CA125)+(4   high-risk histology). The area under curve (AUC) for this total score was 0.823, with 71.6% sensitivity, 75.2% specificity, 25.9% positive predictive value, and 95.7% negative predictive value, using 6 as cut-point. After excluding stage IV @entity189 from the dataset, the AUC was 0.813 for the total score in predicting nodal involvement (P=0.82 vs. total score in predicting @entity5 in the complete dataset). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the high negative predictive value, this prediction model could be applied for identifying @entity1 who may not benefit from lymphadenectomy for @entity1204 staging.

title: Prediction of lymph node and distant @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity1204 : a new model based on demographics, biochemical factors, and XXXX histology.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IIIC-IV carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Signal transducing mechanisms are essential for regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes is accomplished by @entity563 / @entity1889 and @entity669 kinases and cognate phosphatases. In contrast, gene expression in prokaryotes is controlled by two-component systems that comprise a sensor @entity3793 kinase and a cognate DNA binding response regulator. Pathogenic bacteria utilize two-component systems to regulate expression of their virulence factors and for adaptive responses to the external environment. We have previously shown that the @entity1 pathogen @entity5967 (Group B Streptococci, @entity5011 ) encodes a single eukaryotic-type @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase @entity7801 , which is important for virulence of the organism. In this study, we aimed to understand how @entity7801 contributes to virulence of @entity5011 . Our results indicate that @entity7801 expression is important for resistance of @entity5011 to @entity1 blood, neutrophils and oxidative stress. Consistent with these observations, @entity7801 positively regulates transcription of a cytotoxin, beta-haemolysin/cytolysin (beta-H/C) that is critical for survival of @entity5011 in the bloodstream and for resistance to oxidative stress. Interestingly, positive regulation of beta-H/C by @entity7801 requires the two-component regulator CovR. Further, we show that @entity7801 can negatively regulate transcription of CAMP factor in a CovR-dependent manner. As @entity7801 phosphorylates CovR in vitro, these data suggest that @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphorylation impacts CovR-mediated regulation of @entity5011 gene expression. In summary, our studies provide novel information that a eukaryotic-type @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase regulates two-component-mediated expression of @entity5011 cytotoxins.

title: Regulation of cytotoxin expression by converging eukaryotic-type and two-component signalling mechanisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5967 :: (1311,Species) :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']


abstract: Increased formation of @entity26 radicals has previously been shown for alveolar macrophages (AM) challenged with @entity1327 cells opsonized with fresh serum or polyclonal immunoglobulin G. AM show similar responses to @entity5132 or @entity54 . @entity26 radicals are capable of damaging various macromolecules, including lipids. In the present study, lipid peroxidation (LPO) caused by AM incubated with the fungi was examined in the presence and absence of lung surfactant. The level of @entity1234 was used as an indicator of LPO. AM damage was examined by electron microscopy (EM), by @entity3460 exclusion and by counting the AM loss from culture dish to supernatant. Stimulation of AM by each fungus increased cellular LPO but did not affect AM viability. A slight surfactant LPO induced by AM alone was shown with significantly increased values after addition of each fungus. EM studies showed that dense lipid droplets, presumably consisting of oxidized lipids, were ingested in high amounts together with @entity1327 cells that had been opsonized in fresh serum, and in low amounts in combination with @entity5132 . These processes were accompanied by increased numbers of AM in the supernatants. LPO and detachment of AM were counteracted by @entity270 . In the lungs, AM exposed to one of these fungal pathogens might promote peroxidation of surfactant lipids.

title: Lipid peroxidation by alveolar macrophages challenged with @entity1327 , XXXX or @entity54 .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans', 'C. neoformans']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: Lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) cytotoxicity against @entity5 cells is induced by the use of high-dose infusional @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ). LAK cytotoxicity against @entity5 cells may be augmented by @entity6359 . Twelve (12) @entity1 have been treated with continuous infusion @entity1199 (18 MIU/m2/24 hours) for 72 hours and @entity6359 20 mg IVPB twice per day. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. These @entity1 were of median age--67 years (range, 25-79), had a median performance status of 1 (range, 0-1), and had metastatic sites, including lung, lymph node, subcutaneous/soft tissue, and liver. The most common @entity137 of this regimen were fever, @entity5084 , @entity390 / @entity391 , @entity5886 , and @entity1272 . Three (3) partial responses have been seen (25% response rate). One (1) of these responders has undergone complete surgical resection and is disease-free at 15+ months. Four (4) @entity1 are alive at a median of > 25 months. The median survival for all @entity1 is 13 months. This combination of infusional @entity1199 with @entity6359 is active in @entity320 .

title: Continuous infusion XXXX and intravenous @entity6359 in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to compare the three classification criteria for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in a large cohort of early @entity625 @entity1 . @entity1 who had at least one clinically swollen joint with disease duration no more than 1  year and age more than 18  years were enrolled. The clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. The @entity1 were diagnosed by two experienced rheumatologists. Undiagnosed @entity1 were followed up every 3  months until 1  year. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value were compared among the early @entity309 ( @entity7971 ) criteria, the 1987 ACR criteria, and the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria in this inception cohort of early @entity625 @entity1 . A total of 417 @entity1 with @entity625 were recruited. By the end of 1  year follow-up, there were 399 @entity1 (95.7  %) with a definitive diagnosis and 18 (4.3  %) @entity1 remained as undifferentiated @entity625 . Among the @entity1 with definitive diagnosis, 202 (50.6  %) @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity309 and 197 (49.4  %) with non- @entity309 . The sensitivity of @entity7971 criteria was equal to 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria (both were 72.3  %), but much higher than 1987 ACR criteria (72.3 vs. 39.1  %, P   <   0.001); the specificity of @entity7971 criteria was comparable to 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria (87.8 vs. 83.2  %) and slightly lower than 1987 ACR criteria (87.8 vs. 92.4  %, P   <   0.001). Unlike the complicated scoring system of 2010 criteria, the @entity7971 criteria were more feasible to use in practice with five criteria only. The @entity7971 criteria have a high sensitivity and more clinically feasibility in daily practice for early @entity309 diagnosis.

title: Comparison of three classification criteria of @entity309 in an XXXX cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['inception early arthritis']


abstract: @entity407 ( @entity407 ) is associated with @entity73 . Acute exercise reduces @entity407 in adults. This investigation examined the effect of an acute bout of exercise on postprandial changes in @entity1674 (TG), @entity413 , insulin, @entity32 [white blood cell count (WBC), @entity650 ( @entity650 ) @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, @entity1851 and endothelial activation [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)] following a high-fat meal in adolescents. Ten normal weight (NW) (BMI, 20.9 +/- 1.7 kg m(-2); 15.6 +/- 0.7 years) and eight overweight (OW) (BMI, 28.3 +/- 3.6 kg m(-2); 15.9 +/- 0.4 years) adolescent @entity1 underwent two 6-h oral fat tolerance tests (OFTT) separated by 7-10 days. On the evening prior to each OFTT, subjects either rested or completed a treadmill exercise bout (65% V(O)(2max); 600 kcal expended). Exercise reduced (P < 0.01) the postprandial TG area under the curve by approximately 20% in the NW and OW groups. The postprandial @entity413 and insulin response did not differ between the control and exercise trials or between the NW and OW groups. Circulating leukocytes and plasma @entity650 levels increased (P < 0.01) in the NW and OW groups 6 h following the OFTT in both experimental conditions. There were no changes in CRP, sVCAM-1 or sICAM-1 following the OFTT and there were no differences between experimental condition or NW and OW groups. In conclusion, a moderate exercise bout prior to a high-fat meal effectively reduces postprandial TG concentrations to a similar degree in both NW and OW adolescents, but does not reduce the concomitant postprandial increase in WBC or @entity650 .

title: Effect of XXXX and markers of @entity32 and endothelial activation in normal weight and overweight adolescent @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['PPL', 'Postprandial lipemia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired endothelial function and inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP)]']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['prior exercise on postprandial lipemia']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1397 pretreatment is recommended for @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) and stable @entity453 who are scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but whether using @entity1397 as a pretreatment for PCI is associated with positive clinical outcomes has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of @entity1397 pretreatment vs no treatment with mortality and major @entity548 after PCI. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases, and reference lists of qualifying articles. STUDY SELECTION Studies reporting clinical data on mortality and major @entity548 were included. Of the 392 titles identified, 15 articles published between August 2001 and September 2012 met the inclusion criteria: 6 @entity23 ( @entity23 ), 2 observational analyses of @entity23 , and 7 observational studies. DATA EXTRACTION: Quality of studies was assessed with the Ottawa Scale and the Jadad Score as appropriate. Results were independently extracted by 2 reviewers. A random-effect model was applied. Pretreatment was defined as the administration of @entity1397 before PCI or catheterization. The main analysis was performed on @entity23 and confirmed by observational analyses and observational studies. Prespecified subgroups--clinical presentation and @entity1397 loading dose--were analyzed. The primary efficacy and safety end points were all-cause mortality and major @entity548 . Secondary end points included major @entity299 . RESULTS: Of the 37 814 @entity1 included in the meta-analysis, 8608 @entity1 had participated in @entity23 ; 10,945, in observational analyses of @entity23 ; and 18,261, in observational studies. Analysis of @entity23 showed that @entity1397 pretreatment was not associated with a @entity204 (absolute risk, 1.54% vs 1.97%; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.57-1.11; P = .17) but was associated with a lower risk of major @entity299 (9.83% vs 12.35%; OR, 0 .77; 95% CI, 0.66-0.89; P < .001). There was no significant association between pretreatment and major @entity548 overall (3 .57% vs 3.08%; OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.93-1.50; P = .18). Analyses from observational analyses of @entity23 and observational studies were consistent for all results. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 scheduled for PCI, @entity1397 pretreatment was not associated with a lower risk of mortality but was associated with a lower risk of major coronary events.

title: Association of XXXX pretreatment with mortality, cardiovascular events, and major @entity548 among @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of death']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: Reperfusion of the @entity63 myocardium is associated with the extension of already existing injury. Investigation of the reperfused myocardium under different conditions revealed ultrastructural changes as well as functional disturbances which were identified as free radical-mediated damage. Free radical scavengers and antioxidant agents have been shown to reduce the size of the @entity1188 , in which a temporary regional @entity63 was followed by reperfusion. Elaborately designed in vitro and animal models strongly suggest that @entity5721 might be of clinical significance in operations involving extracorporeal circulation, as in coronary by-pass surgery. However, there is limited information on the relationship between @entity5721 and subsequent clinical conditions. In our study, we determined lipid @entity2625 concentrations in timed serum samples of @entity1 who had undergone coronary by-pass surgery. Preoperative lipid @entity2625 concentrations were 2.50 +/- 0.50 mumol/l. This value increased to 3.30 +/- 1.00 mumol/l after six hours and showed a second increase to 4.20 +/- 0.80 mumol/l 48 hours after the onset of reperfusion. These results suggest that postoperative increases in lipid @entity2625 concentrations can be of multifactorial origin and may be an indication of @entity5721 to the myocardium. Further studies are under way to elucidate the relevance of this increase in different groups and clinical conditions.

title: Serum lipid XXXX levels in the course of coronary by-pass surgery.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

answer: @entity2625 :: (CHEBI:44785,Chemical) :: ['peroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-adherence is one of the strongest predictors of therapeutic failure in @entity645 -positive @entity1 . @entity177 with subsequent emergence of resistance reduces future treatment options and long-term clinical success. METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study including @entity1 starting new class of antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2003 and 2010. @entity1 were na  ve to ART class and completed >= 1 adherence questionnaire prior to resistance testing. Outcomes were development of any IAS-USA, class-specific, or @entity19899 mutations. Associations between adherence and resistance were estimated using logistic regression models stratified by ART class. RESULTS: Of 314 included individuals, 162 started NNRTI and 152 a PI/r regimen. Adherence was similar between groups with 85% reporting adherence >= 95%. Number of new mutations increased with increasing non-adherence. In NNRTI group, multivariable models indicated a significant linear association in odds of developing IAS-USA (odds ratio (OR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-2.67) or class-specific (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.00-2.70) mutations. Levels of drug resistance were considerably lower in PI/r group and adherence was only significantly associated with @entity19899 mutations (OR 8.38, 95% CI: 1.26-55.70). Adherence was significantly associated with @entity645 RNA in PI/r but not NNRTI regimens. CONCLUSION: Therapies containing PI/r appear more forgiving to incomplete adherence compared with NNRTI regimens, which allow higher levels of resistance, even with adherence above 95%. However, in failing PI/r regimens good adherence may prevent accumulation of further resistance mutations and therefore help to preserve future drug options. In contrast, adherence levels have little impact on NNRTI treatments once the first mutations have emerged.

title: Adherence as a predictor of the development of class-specific resistance mutations: the Swiss XXXX Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Virologic failure']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: We report cumulative results of the transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of @entity4923 in 221 @entity1 : 173 @entity1 had selective adenomectomy, 25 had total hypophysectomy, 6 had partial hypophysectomy, and 12 had exploration only. Five @entity1 were excluded from analysis because intraoperative technical difficulties precluded exposure of the pituitary gland. The selection of candidates for transsphenoidal exploration was based on endocrinologic criteria. Magnetic resonance imaging was the preferred radiologic test. Selective venous sampling of @entity4545 further refined the diagnosis when endocrinologic and radiologic procedures were not definitive. Remission of disease was achieved in 164 of 216 (76%) @entity1 analyzed (95% CI, 69 to 81). Among @entity1 with histologic confirmation of @entity652 , the percentage having remission was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in @entity1 with microadenomas than in @entity1 with macroadenomas and in @entity1 with intrasellar @entity652 than in @entity1 with extrasellar extension of their @entity652 or perforation of the sellar floor by @entity652 (P less than 0.001). Five @entity1 had an ectopic source of @entity4545 secretion. Two @entity1 had @entity1373 . Complications occurred in 9.3% of the @entity1 , including two deaths that were apparently unrelated to surgery (CI, 5.4 to 13). The results indicate that transsphenoidal surgery is the preferred treatment for most @entity1 with @entity4923 .

title: Transsphenoidal microsurgery for XXXX . A report of 216 cases.

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pituitary hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing disease']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity4923 :: (MESH:D047748,Disease) :: ['Cushing disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some cases of @entity944 ( @entity944 ) have been attributed to @entity166 ( @entity166 ) in middle- and low-income countries of the world even in this 21st century. CDs produce clinical symptoms and signs over several days before culminating in death. They are also amenable to treatment with antimicrobials if affected @entity1 present early. We sought to find out the incidence of @entity166 -related @entity944 at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital (Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria) - a tertiary health facility in southwest Nigeria - and the prevailing associated factors. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity166 -related @entity944 in adult @entity1 aged 18 years and older that occurred from January 2003 to December 2011. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 was used for analysis of the generated data. Percentages and frequencies were calculated. RESULTS: There were 17 (39.6%) @entity166 -related SDs out of the 48 cases of @entity944 studied. @entity166 -related @entity944 also accounted for 2.4% of all adult medical admissions. The mean age of the @entity1 was 37.6    11.6 years, age range of 25-62 years, mode of 25 years, and median 34 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.8:1. @entity1682 was responsible for @entity944 in 47.1% of @entity1 , @entity1907 in 17.7% of @entity1 , and @entity55 in 17.7% of @entity1 . The most affected age group was the 20-29-year-old group (41.2%), while the unskilled occupational group was the most affected occupational group with 35.3% of them having @entity944 . Most of the @entity1 with acute @entity2348 died of @entity881 . CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to step up public health strategies to curtail infections in this environment, encourage better use of the existing health facilities by the @entity1 , and the government should strive hard to make health a top priority.

title: Communicable disease-related XXXX in the 21st century in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lobar pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'communicable diseases']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['Typhoid sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: PURPOSE: A real-time tracking radiotherapy was investigated to assess its usefulness in precise localization and verification of prostate and @entity150 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: The real-time tracking radiation therapy (RTRT) system consists of implantation of a 2.0-mm gold marker into a clinical target volume (CTV), three-dimensional radiation treatment planning (3DRTP) system, and the use of two sets of diagnostic x-ray television systems in the linear accelerator room, image processing units, and an image display unit. The position of the @entity1 can be corrected by adjusting the actual marker position to the planned marker position, which has been transferred from the 3DRTP and superimposed on the fluoroscopic image on the display unit of the RTRT system. The position of the markers can be visualized during irradiation and after treatment delivery to verify the accuracy of the localization. Ten @entity1 with @entity263 and 5 @entity1 with @entity150 were examined using this system for the treatment setup on 91 occasions. RESULTS: After manual setup using skin markers, the median of absolute value of discrepancies between the actual position of the marker and the planned position of the marker for @entity263 was 3.4 (0.1-8.9) mm, 4.1 (0.2-18.1) mm, and 2.3 (0.0-10.6) mm for the lateral, anteroposterior, and craniocaudal directions, respectively. The 3D median distance between the actual and planned positions of the marker was 6.9 (1.1-18.2) mm for @entity263 and 6.9 (1.7-18.6) mm for @entity150 . After relocation using RTRT, the 3D distance between the actual and planned position of the marker was 0.9 +/- 0.9 mm. Median 3D distances between actual positions after treatment delivery and planned positions were 1.6 (0.0-6.3) mm and 2.0 (0.5-8.0) mm during daily radiotherapy for the marker in @entity1 with @entity263 and @entity150 , respectively. CONCLUSION: We believe the new positioning system can reduce uncertainty due to setup error and internal organ motion, although further improvement is needed for the system to account for the rotational and elastic changes of the affected tissues.

title: Use of an implanted marker and real-time tracking of the marker for the positioning of prostate and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancers']


abstract: 1. The average velocity of transport of @entity935 -beta-hydroxylase, an enzyme confined to unmyelinated adrenergic nerves, was measured in @entity95 and bullfrog sciatic nerves or branches incubated in vitro at various temperatures. In parallel experiments, the number and density of microtubules were measured in cross-sections of randomly selected unmyelinated axons from another set of nerves incubated under the same conditions. 2. Average transport velocity was exponentially related to temperature over a wide range, but it fell abruptly towards zero at temperatures below 13 degrees C in the case of @entity95 nerves and 10 degrees C in the case of frog nerves. 3. The number of microtubules per unmyelinated axon had declined considerably before the transport of @entity935 -beta-hydroxylase was impaired. At 13 degrees C, axons in @entity95 nerves lost 30% of their microtubules. Axons in bullfrog nerves were, if anything, more sensitive to cold, losing 35% of their microtubules at 15 degrees C and 65% of them at 10 degrees C. 4. Since the temperature-dependence of the axonal transport of @entity935 -beta-hydroxylase is probably typical of rapid axonal transport in general, it was concluded that transport in unmyelinated axons can continue unaffected when a substantial fraction of the microtubular population has been lost. 5. Although these results could imply that microtubules are not essential for transport, they are equally compatible with the view that these organelles determine the capacity of the transport system and are normally present in excess.

title: Comparison of the temperature-dependence of rapid axonal transport and microtubules in nerves of the XXXX and bullfrog.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Although @entity1 are overrepresented in @entity130 , little is known about the environmental hazards and risk behaviours associated with injury, or about how to identify these factors at a local level. This study addresses the measurement of these hazards and hazardous behaviours. The study was conducted in 1990 at Gloucester, New South Wales, a small dairy, beef and hobby farm community. After some formative research and local consultation, a checklist survey was constructed and sent to 120 farm families with school-age @entity1 . Families were sent the checklist forms again two weeks later to assess test-retest reliability, which was found to be acceptable among the 38 per cent who responded on both occasions. The findings on the prevalence of environmental hazards and risk behaviours from the 84 per cent of respondents were useful to refine the existing injury information available from local hospital morbidity figures, which had identified injuries related to riding ( @entity1641 , bicycles and motorcycles) and to machinery and drowning as major @entity130 issues. In particular the importance of bicycle riding and @entity1641 -related injury were confirmed. The survey importantly identified some previously undetected issues, most notably the danger to @entity1 's hearing. The prevalence data were used to identify targets for the development of local health promotion initiatives, leading the local farm safety action group to select @entity1641 , helmets and hearing as issues for preventive action. Findings from the method indicated the importance of local information, involving farmers in constructing the checklist, and feeding back results to the community.

title: Identifying hazards and risk opportunity in XXXX @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rural injury', 'farm injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: PURPOSE: Conventional prostheses used for @entity169 repair are static and passive. This feasibility-study shows the features of a new 3D tension-free prosthesis in an experimental model. METHODS: This study was divided into two-phases: 1) aimed to test the physics intrinsic features and the anatomical adaptability of a new 3D designed mesh, and 2) aimed to evaluate the inflammatory reaction associated with different materials used. On phase-1 implantations were performed in @entity1707 . During the first trial phase, the prostheses were also implanted on @entity1 cadavers. On phase-2, implantation was carried out on large @entity1707 . Follow-up was of 60-days, after which the animals were anaesthetized for laparoscopic assessment, and for sample collection of mesh implantation site for histological analysis. RESULTS: All animals showed good 3D mesh tolerance, and the follow-up period was uneventful. The laparoscopy showed no inflammatory lesions on the internal surface of the peritoneum. Macroscopic observation of implantation site revealed some local @entity82 and reorganization of tissue, no signs of @entity281 , and no changes on original implant positioning. Histological analysis on phase-1 showed in most sample segments the deferent duct maintaining its central position and surrounded by vascular and nervous structures. On phase-2 differences in inflammatory lesion score could be found between subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This new 3D mesh can be placed appropriately and from this preliminary animal study no untoward complications were noted over a 60  day period.

title: Endoscopic and histological evaluations of a newly designed @entity169 implant: Experimental studies on porcine animal model and XXXX cadaver.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection of @entity674 ( @entity674 ) has been the most effective therapy for these rare @entity5 . @entity2213 has been introduced as systemic therapy for locally advanced and metastatic GIST. In this study, the surgical resection rates and long-term outcomes of @entity1 treated with preoperative @entity2213 for locally advanced primary, recurrent, or metastatic @entity674 were evaluated. METHODS: @entity1 were retrospectively assessed for completeness of surgical resection and for disease-free and overall survival after resection. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 underwent surgery after treatment with @entity2213 . Eleven were treated for locally advanced primary @entity674 for a median of 11.9 months, followed by complete surgical resection. All eleven were alive at a median of 19.5 months, and ten were free of disease. Thirty-five @entity1 were treated for recurrent or metastatic GIST. Of these, eleven underwent complete resection. Six of the eleven @entity1 had recurrent disease at a median of 15.1 months. All eleven @entity1 were alive at a median of 30.7 months. @entity1 with a partial radiographic @entity5 response to @entity2213 had significantly higher complete resection rates than @entity1 with progressive disease (91% vs. 4%; P < .001). Of the 24 @entity1 with incomplete resection, 18 initially responded to @entity2213 but were unable to undergo complete resection after they progressed before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative @entity2213 can decrease @entity5 volume and is associated with complete surgical resection in locally advanced primary @entity674 . Early surgical intervention should be considered for @entity2213 -responsive recurrent or metastatic GIST, since complete resection is rarely achieved once @entity5 progression occurs.

title: Surgical resection of @entity674 after treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: @entity446 is a popular complementary and alternative therapy; in the UK almost 13000 members are registered in nine separate healing organisations. The present randomized clinical trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of healing in the treatment of @entity1118 . One hundred and twenty @entity1 suffering from @entity1118 , predominantly of neuropathic and nociceptive origin resistant to conventional treatments, were recruited from a Pain Management Clinic. The trial had two parts: face-to-face healing or simulated face-to-face healing for 30 min per week for 8 weeks (part I); and distant healing or no healing for 30 min per week for 8 weeks (part II). The McGill Pain Questionnaire was pre-defined as the primary outcome measure, and sample size was calculated to detect a difference of 8 units on the total @entity158 rating index of this instrument after 8 weeks of healing. VASs for @entity158 , SF36, HAD scale, MYMOP and @entity1 subjective experiences at week 8 were employed as secondary outcome measures. Data from all @entity1 who reached the pre-defined mid-point of 4 weeks (50 subjects in part I and 55 subjects in part II) were included in the analysis. Two baseline measurements of outcome measures were made, 3 weeks apart, and no significant differences were observed between them. After eight sessions there were significant decreases from baseline in McGill Pain Questionnaire total @entity158 rating index score for both groups in part I and for the control group in part II. However, there were no statistically significant differences between healing and control groups in either part. In part I the primary outcome measure decreased from 32.8 (95% CI 28.5-37.0) to 23.3 (16.8-29.7) in the healing group and from 33.1 (27.2-38.9) to 26.1 (19.3-32.9) in the simulated healing group. In part II it changed from 29.6 (24.8-34.4) to 24.0 (18.7-29.4) in the distant healing group and from 31.0 (25.8-36.2) to 21.0 (15.7-26.2) in the no healing group. Subjects in healing groups in both parts I and II reported significantly more 'unusual experiences' during the sessions, but the clinical relevance of this is unclear. It was concluded that a specific effect of face-to-face or distant healing on @entity1118 could not be demonstrated over eight treatment sessions in these @entity1 .

title: @entity446 as a therapy for XXXX : a randomized, clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['Spiritual healing']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: A prospective study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity2177 in the treatment of selected @entity281 was conducted at the Ochsner Medical Institutions from October 1986 through March 1987. Thirty-three @entity1 were treated with intravenous @entity2177 at dosages of either 200 mg or 300 mg every 12 hours. The mean duration of therapy was 12 days. Various infection sites were treated and included urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin and skin structure, bone, intra-abdominal, blood, and heart. Clinical improvement was noted in 20 of the 26 evaluable @entity1 (77 percent). Fifty-two bacterial pathogens were isolated with eradication of 37 (71 percent). There was bacteriologic persistence in seven @entity1 (13 percent). @entity17158 occurred in one @entity1 ; however, no recurring or reinfecting organisms were isolated. Adverse events related to @entity2177 occurred in six @entity1 and were primarily mild. Overall, @entity2177 was useful in the treatment of a variety of @entity281 , and adverse events were minimal.

title: Safety and efficacy of intravenous @entity2177 in the treatment of selected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity17158 :: ('MESH:D015163', 'Disease') :: ['Superinfection']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 85% of @entity1 develop @entity1143 after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Although the majority resolve spontaneously, post-CABG effusions can persist. The cause of these persistent effusions is unknown, and the histology of the pleural changes has seldom been reported. OBJECTIVES: To describe the @entity1 characteristics and pathologic condition of the pleural tissues in @entity1 with persistent post-CABG effusions. SUBJECTS: Eight @entity1 with persistent post-CABG effusions who underwent thoracoscopy or thoracotomy over a 2-year period by one thoracic surgeon. These eight @entity1 were selected as having undergone CABG > 2 months before their thoracic surgery and had no other identifiable causes of effusion. RESULTS: The median time from CABG to pleural surgery was 132 days (range, 74 to 2,258 days). The median left ventricular ejection fraction was 57% (range, 15 to 70%). All @entity1 were dyspneic and had large (> or = 25% of the hemithorax) effusions on chest radiograph. All effusions persisted after two or more thoracenteses. @entity1143 was left sided in three @entity1 and bilateral in five @entity1 . Pleural fluid was characterized by lymphocytosis (82 to 99%). Four of the eight @entity1 had a visceral peel and @entity358 requiring decortication. Seven of the eight biopsy specimens showed @entity456 characterized by dense fibrous tissues with associated mononuclear cell infiltration, while the eighth biopsy specimen showed only clotted blood. The degree of @entity32 and @entity82 correlated with the interval between CABG and pleural surgery. Early post-CABG @entity1 displayed more @entity32 , with abundant lymphocytes in nodular configuration deep in the fibrous tissues away from the surface. Abundant keratin-positive, spindle-shaped cells were present in the fibrous tissues. Late cases showed predominantly mature @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: Persistent post-CABG effusion can occur. Pleural fluids and pleural tissue in early-stage lesions were characterized by lymphocytosis. With time, the inflammatory changes were replaced by @entity82 that resulted in @entity1353 and, at times, trapped lungs requiring surgical intervention.

title: Symptomatic persistent post-coronary artery bypass graft XXXX requiring operative treatment : clinical and histologic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['trapped lung']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic @entity79 is a substantial burden to @entity1 and the healthcare system as a whole. @entity3 can be @entity158 , is associated with decreased survival, and is emotionally traumatic to @entity1 when they discover their disease has progressed. In the United States, more than 250,000 @entity1 have metastatic @entity79 , with an estimated annual cost of USD 12 billion. Prior studies suggest that @entity1 who receive prophylactic fixation for impending pathologic @entity174 , compared with those treated for realized pathologic @entity174 , have @entity282 , and less in-hospital morbidity. However, to our knowledge, the relative economic utility of these treatment options has not been examined. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked: (1) Is there a cost difference between a cohort of @entity1 treated surgically for pathologic @entity174 compared with a cohort of @entity1 treated prophylactically for impending pathologic lesions? (2) Do these cohorts differ in other ways regarding their utilization of healthcare resources? METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 40 @entity1 treated our institution. Between 2011 and 2014, we treated 46 @entity1 surgically for metastatic lesions of long bones. Of those, 19 (48%) presented with pathologic @entity174 ; the other 21 @entity1 (53%) underwent surgery for impending @entity174 . Risk of impending @entity174 was determined by one surgeon based on appearance of the lesion, subjective symptoms of the @entity1 , cortical involvement, and location of the lesion. At 1 year postoperative, four @entity1 in each group had died. Six @entity1 (13%) were treated for metastatic disease but were excluded from the retrospective data because of a change in medical record system and inability to obtain financial records. Variables of interest included total and direct costs per episode of care, days of hospitalization, discharge disposition, 1-year postoperative mortality, and descriptive demographic data. All costs were expressed as a cost ratio between the two cohorts, and total differences between the groups, as required per medical center regulations. All data were collected by one author and the medical center's financial office. RESULTS: Mean total cost was higher in @entity1 with pathologic @entity174 (cost unit [CU], 642    519) than those treated prophylactically without @entity174 (CU, 370    171; mean difference, 272; 95% CI, 19-525; p = 0.036). In USD, this translates to a mean of nearly USD 21,000 less for prophylactic surgery. Mean direct cost was 41% higher (nearly USD 12,000) in @entity1 with a pathologic @entity174 (CU, 382    300 versus 227    93; mean difference, 155; 95% CI, 9-300; p = 0.038). Mean length of stay was longer in @entity1 with pathologic @entity174 compared with the group treated prophylactically (8    6 versus 4    3 days; mean difference, 4; 95% CI, 1-7; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings show economic and clinical value of prophylactic stabilization of metastatic lesions when performed for @entity1 with @entity158 compromising the structural integrity of long bones. @entity1 sustaining a pathologic @entity174 may represent a more severe, sicker demographic than @entity1 treated for impending pathologic lesions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, economic and decision analysis.

title: Is Prophylactic Intervention More Cost-effective Than the Treatment of @entity174 in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful lesions', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['decreased pain levels, faster postoperative rehabilitation']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Metastatic Bone Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe the long-term outcome and immunological status of @entity1 born to mothers with @entity1701 , to determine the factors responsible for @entity854 , and to correlate the @entity1 's immunological profile with their mothers. METHODS: A prospective follow-up of a European multicentre cohort was conducted. The follow-up consisted of clinical examination, growth data, neurodevelopmental milestones and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) screening. @entity1 were examined at 3, 9, 24 months and 5 years. RESULTS: 134 @entity1 were analysed (female sex in 65 cases, birth weight 3000  500 g, height 48  3 cm). Sixteen per cent had a preterm birth (<37 weeks; n=22), and 14% weighted less than 2500 g at birth (n=19). Neonatal complications were noted in 18 cases (13%), with five @entity281 (4%). During the 5-year follow-up, no @entity715 or @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) was noted. Four @entity1 displayed @entity854 , which consisted of @entity2438 , hyperactive behaviour, feeding disorder with @entity10791 and @entity8814 with @entity1155 delay. At birth @entity4555 was present in four (4%), anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL) IgG in 18 (16%), anti-b(2) glycoprotein-I (anti- @entity9500 ) IgG/M in 16 (15%) and three (3%), respectively. ACL IgG and anti- @entity9500 disappeared at 6 months in nine (17%) and nine (18%), whereas @entity1701 persisted in 10% of @entity1 . ACL and anti- @entity9500 IgG were correlated with the same mother's antibodies before 6 months of age (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Despite the presence of @entity1701 in @entity1 , @entity715 or @entity1252 were not observed. The presence of @entity16 seems to be more important in these @entity1 , and could justify long-term follow-up.

title: European registry of babies born to mothers with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid antibodies', 'APL', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8814 :: ('MESH:D015814', 'Disease') :: ['axial hypotony']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['childhood abnormalities', 'behavioural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['language delay']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Factors associated with @entity490 in @entity7623 are incompletely evaluated and comparisons of @entity158 vs other symptoms are limited. This study related @entity158 to clinical factors in @entity7623 and contrasted @entity158 /discomfort- with @entity1209 . METHODS: Clinical and scintigraphy data were compared in 393 @entity1 from seven centers of the NIDDK Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium with moderate-severe ( @entity1 Assessment of Upper @entity344 Symptoms [PAGI-SYM] score >=  3) vs none-mild (PAGI-SYM < 3) upper @entity490 and predominant @entity158 /discomfort vs @entity390 / @entity391 . KEY RESULTS: Upper @entity490 was moderate-severe in 261 (66%). @entity158 /discomfort was predominant in 81 (21%); @entity390 / @entity391 was predominant in 172 (44%). Moderate-severe @entity158 was more prevalent with @entity7623 and with lack of infectious prodrome (P  <= 0.05) and correlated with scores for @entity390 / @entity391 , bloating, lower @entity490 , and opiate and antiemetic use (P < 0.05), but not gastric emptying or @entity3949 or control. Gastroparesis severity, quality of life, and @entity308 and @entity148 were worse with moderate-severe @entity158 (P  <= 0.008). Factors associated with moderate-severe @entity158 were similar in @entity6 and @entity7623 . Compared to @entity1209 , predominant @entity158 /discomfort was associated with impaired quality of life, greater opiate, and less antiemetic use (P < 0.01), but similar severity and @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Moderate-severe @entity490 is prevalent in @entity7623 , impairs quality of life, and is associated with idiopathic etiology, lack of infectious prodrome, and opiate use. @entity158 is predominant in one fifth of gastroparetics. Predominant @entity158 has at least as great an impact on disease severity and quality of life as @entity1209 .

title: Factors related to @entity490 in @entity7623 : contrast to @entity1 with predominant XXXX and @entity391 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal Disorders']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain/discomfort, bowel disturbances']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis', 'idiopathic gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric retention']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting-predominant disease', 'predominant nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a therapeutic interchange from @entity8673 to @entity5753 on treatment outcomes, quality of life, @entity1 satisfaction, and costs. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of 170 @entity1 switched from @entity8673 to @entity5753 from September 1997 through November 1997. @entity1 AND METHODS: The therapeutic interchange program promoting @entity5753 as the preferred agent went into effect June 2, 1997 after Merck _ Co. was awarded the Veterans Health Administration national contract for @entity2453 reductase inhibitors. @entity1 were switched to @entity5753 by either their primary care physician during routine clinic visits or the pharmacist by mail. The following outcomes were measured before and after conversion to @entity5753 : lipid values, liver function tests, National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) low-density @entity165 (LDL-C) goals achieved, quality of life (QOL) (measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey [SF-36]), medication tolerance (measured with a global symptom survey), @entity1 satisfaction, and cost-minimization analysis. RESULTS: Lipid values and liver function test results were similar for @entity8673 and @entity5753 treatment. Forty percent of @entity1 achieved NCEP LDL-C goals before and after formulary conversion. There were no significant differences between @entity8673 and @entity5753 in QOL, medication tolerance, and @entity1 satisfaction. The projected cost savings from this therapeutic interchange was approximately  211,000 annually. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic interchange from @entity8673 to @entity5753 resulted in substantial cost savings. QOL, @entity1 satisfaction, and achievement of NCEP LDL-C goals were maintained.

title: Impact of therapeutic interchange from XXXX to @entity5753 in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity8673 :: (MESH:D017035,Chemical) :: ['pravastatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to identify @entity1 and procedural parameters that negatively impact the 30-day rates for @entity64 , @entity204 and @entity63 ( @entity63 ) after @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) and that might be modified or further studied in future efforts to improve @entity2998 . METHODS: This was a retrospective investigation of a dual-center @entity2998 database of 701 consecutive @entity2998 @entity1 (414 @entity1 ; mean age, 72.4 +/- 8.4). A subset of @entity1 -related, lesion-related, or procedure-related variables (age >or=80, left sided lesion, symptomatic, @entity1239 abuse, @entity101 , @entity6 , other @entity1095 , @entity1007 , embolic protection devices usage, predilation, @entity1066 , echolucent plaque, restenosis after surgery) were analyzed for association with occurrence of @entity64 , @entity204 , or @entity63 <or=30 days after @entity2998 . The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value were calculated for each variable to predict adverse outcome. RESULTS: The overall combined rate of @entity64 , @entity204 , and @entity63 within this database was 3.7% at 30 days. In the total population of 701 @entity1 , only the OR of 2.7 for @entity1007 (95% CI, 1.0 to 7.3; P = .041) was found to be significant. Subgroup analysis of the 304 symptomatic @entity1 (43%) showed that open-cell stent designs and concentric EPD designs yielded an OR of 4.1 (95% CI, 1.4 to 12, P = .0136) and 3.3 (95% CI, 1.016 to 10, P = .0525), respectively, for 30-day @entity64 / @entity204 / @entity63 within this database. Analysis of open-cell stent designs and concentric EPD designs in @entity1 with echolucent lesions yielded an OR of 3.1 (95% CI,1.2 to 8.2, P = .0343) and 3.7 (95% CI, 1.3 to 10, P = .0174), respectively, for 30-day @entity64 / @entity204 / @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that increased analysis of device design variables may be necessary. Particularly in symptomatic @entity1 or with echolucent lesions, closed-cell design and eccentric filters seem superior. Prospective investigation comparing open-cell vs closed-cell stents and eccentric vs concentric filter devices may be warranted.

title: Do device characteristics impact outcome in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated lesion']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Auditory @entity16 (ANSD) is a @entity2167 with impaired signal transmission from the inner ear to the brain. The electrophysiological characteristics of @entity2167 ( @entity1278 characteristics) are marked with presence of @entity392 ( @entity392 ) or @entity18129 ( @entity18129 ) in the absence of auditory brainstem response (ABR). This study aimed to review etiologies related to @entity1278 characteristics from @entity1 with profound @entity393 ( @entity393 ), either unilaterally or bilaterally. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study for thirty @entity1 with prelingual profound @entity393 . METHODS: ABR, @entity392 , and/or @entity18129 were analyzed to identify electrophysiological characteristics. Temporal bone computed tomography and/or internal acoustic canal magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed to identify anatomical abnormalities. The electrophysiological characteristics and cochlear nerve status were analyzed according to the laterality of @entity2319 (unilateral vs bilateral). RESULTS: Among the total 41 ears (from 30 @entity1 ) with profound @entity393 , 13 ears (7 (36.8%) of 19 ears with unilateral @entity393 and 6 (27.3%) of 22 ears associated with bilateral @entity393 ) showed @entity1278 characteristics (37.1%), and 21 ears showed @entity4237 ( @entity4237 ) (51.2%). @entity1278 characteristics was detected about two times more frequently in cases with @entity4237 (38.1%) than with anatomically normal cochlear nerve (20.0%), the difference not reaching a statistical significance probably due to a small sample size. Detection of @entity1278 characteristics did not differ between unilateral and bilateral profound @entity393 , even though presence of @entity4237 was more frequently detected in cases with unilateral profound @entity393 than with bilateral cases. There were at least five types of etiologies related to @entity1278 characteristics in 13 ears (from 10 @entity1 ) in our series depending on the laterality of @entity2319 and presence of @entity4237 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that there were diverse etiologies related to @entity1278 characteristics from @entity1 with unilateral or bilateral profound @entity393 . Association between @entity4237 and @entity1278 characteristics is suggestive but not solid at this moment and @entity1278 characteristics is not a fully penetrant feature of @entity4237 .

title: Diverse etiologies @entity2167 characteristics from @entity1 with profound XXXX and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disorder', 'auditory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear nerve deficiency', 'CND']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['otoacoustic emissions', 'OAE']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity18129 :: ('MESH:D015834', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cochlear microphonics']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: Betel nut (BN), betel quid (BQ) and products derived from them are widely used as a socially endorsed masticatory product. The addictive nature of BN/BQ has resulted in its widespread usage making it the fourth most abused substance by @entity1 . Progressively, several additives, including chewing @entity286 , got added to simple BN preparations. This addictive practice has been shown to have strong etiological correlation with @entity1 susceptibility to @entity5 , particularly oral and @entity5 .The PUBMED database was searched to retrieve all relevant published studies in English on BN and BQ, and its association with oral and @entity5 . Only complete studies directly dealing with BN/BQ induced @entity105 using statistically valid and acceptable sample size were analyzed. Additional relevant information available from other sources was also considered.This systematic review attempts to put in perspective the consequences of this widespread habit of BN/BQ mastication, practiced by approximately 10% of the world population, on @entity5 with a clinical perspective. BN/BQ mastication seems to be significantly associated with susceptibility to oral and @entity5 . Addition of @entity286 to BN has been found to only marginally increase the @entity5 risk. Despite the widespread usage of BN/BQ and its strong association with @entity1 susceptibility to @entity5 , no serious strategy seems to exist to control this habit. The review, therefore, also looks at various preventive efforts being made by governments and highlights the multifaceted intervention strategies required to mitigate and/or control the habit of BN/BQ mastication.

title: Association of betel nut with XXXX : revisit with a clinical perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancers', 'cancer', 'oral cancer']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5200 is a risk factor for @entity1790 . We hypothesized that @entity1 with recurrent stones in 1 but not both kidneys and a normal 24-hour bladder urine @entity460 -to- @entity1011 ratio might exhibit isolated @entity5200 of the affected kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 18 years or younger with symptomatic @entity1791 who had undergone ureteroscopic stone removal were included. All subjects underwent 24-hour bladder urinalysis. Subjects with an increased urine @entity460 -to- @entity1011 ratio from the 24-hour urine collection were excluded. The 4 subject cohorts defined were 1) single stone episode in 1 kidney, 2) single stone episode in both kidneys, 3) recurrent stone episodes on 1 side and 4) recurrent stone episodes on both sides. All urine collections were obtained at ureteroscopy. Urine was obtained from the bladder and from the renal pelvis of the kidney forming the stone. Spot urine @entity460 -to- @entity1011 ratio was determined from these samples. RESULTS: A total of 329 @entity1 were included. Nine of 74 subjects (12%) with recurrent stone episodes on 1 side had increased spot urine @entity460 -to- @entity1011 ratio from the affected kidney. No @entity1 in the other cohorts had increased spot urine @entity460 -to- @entity1011 ratio. @entity1 who formed recurrent stones in 1 kidney had increased spot urine @entity460 -to- @entity1011 ratio in the affected kidney vs other stone formers (ANOVA p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral @entity5200 can occur in @entity1 with normal @entity460 levels in bladder urine. Unilateral @entity5200 should be considered as a risk factor for @entity1790 in @entity1 with recurrent stone episodes in 1 kidney only.

title: Unilateral XXXX : a stealth culprit in recurrent @entity1791 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalciuria', 'hypercalciuria']

answer: @entity5200 :: (MESH:D053565,Disease) :: ['hypercalciuria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity706 are rare and most often revealed by @entity4 . The authors report the case of a mandibular lymphoma revealed by an isolated lesion of the @entity129 for eight months. CASE REPORT: A 41-year-old male @entity1 was followed for @entity158 , with @entity1183 . The radiological assessments remained normal during eight months. Then a @entity5 developed in front of tooth 34. The biopsy revealed a @entity1892 . No other localization was found. The @entity1 was in complete remission two years after polychemotherapy. DISCUSSION: Our observation is unusual in its clinical presentation. @entity706 most often present as a @entity4 , sometimes ulcerated in the mouth. They are very rarely diagnosed after an isolated hypoesthesia of V3. @entity706 are the second most frequent head and @entity706 after @entity957 , but the frequency seems to be increasing. In almost all the cases, they present as @entity5 of the DLBCL subtype in the WHO classification. Mandibular localizations account for only 0.6% of the cases. They are often misdiagnosed as a dental problem. The complete remission rate after chemotherapy ranges from 60 to 80% at one year. Nevertheless, the prognosis remains bad with a survival rate of only 50% at five years.

title: [Isolated mandibular XXXX revealed by inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['inferior alveolar nerve evolving']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['progressive hypoesthesia of the left inferior alveolar nerve']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphomas', 'neck lymphomas', 'Mandibular lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular tumor', 'B-cell tumours']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['painless swelling']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['left mandibular pain']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: Disposition pharmacokinetics of @entity1535 following oral dosing of @entity5616 @entity1535 @entity1792 are complicated and variable. An analysis of data from healthy volunteers suggests a model with three disposition compartments and first-order absorption. @entity1 data are pooled from 10 separate studies and consist of 1140 trough concentrations measured in 802 @entity1 following dosing of 2 to 12 weeks duration. There are therefore insufficient data to obtain reliable parameter estimates for the full model and we use instead a much reduced model and an informative prior based on the volunteer data. Individual parameter estimates from this model can then be used to establish covariate relationships. Trough concentrations were influenced by the coadministration of @entity4581 and by @entity1011 clearance. A simulation study was carried out to check the validity of the estimates obtained from the reduced model. We carry out analysis via Bayesian sampling-based techniques. Throughout, we use predictive distributions for both diagnostic and inference purposes. In particular, we determine predicted distributions for the Cmax, Cmin and AUC characteristics of new individuals.

title: Modeling of trough plasma XXXX concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity1535 :: (MESH:D001729,Chemical) :: ['bismuth']