abstract: BACKGROUND: Discouraging response duration and long-time survivals have so far been the result of @entity900 -containing combination chemotherapy against advanced or recurrent @entity957 . In order to increase the @entity902 -based effect upon this @entity5 without an increase in the specific @entity137 of @entity900 , we combined it with @entity3003 , added @entity1260 , which has been shown to possess a comparable degree of single-agent activity. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity957 not curable by radiation or surgery were treated with a combination of @entity1260 1.5 gr/m2 i.v. days 1-3, @entity3003 200 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, and @entity900 50 mg/m2. Thirty-one @entity1 were evaluable for response and 34 @entity1 for @entity137 . RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 responded (64%), 11 (31%) of them completely, and 12 (33%) partially. Median response duration was 23 weeks (range 8-107 weeks), reaching 27 weeks and 21 weeks for @entity1 with and without disease in previously irradiated areas, respectively. Median survival is 40 weeks (range 1-114 weeks). @entity137 consisted mainly of moderate to severe myelosuppression, resulting in 2 toxic deaths. CONCLUSION: The response rate, also for earlier irradiated areas, compares favorably with other known @entity900 -containing regimens. The combination deserves investigation in a randomized setting.

title: A phase II study of XXXX , @entity3003 and @entity900 in advanced and recurrent @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) is a fatal @entity179 in which an early and selective vulnerability of striatal Spiny Projection Neurons is observed. However, several studies have highlighted the implication of glial cells, and in particular astrocytes, in the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease. A better understanding of the respective contributions of neurons and astrocytes in @entity2033 is needed and would be important for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Today, no comparable in vivo models expressing the mutant @entity25864 selectively in astrocytes or in neurons are available. In this study, we developed comparable cell-type specific @entity19 models expressing a fragment of @entity25864 specifically in neurons, astrocytes, or in both cell populations of the adult @entity19 basal ganglia circuit. This approach allowed us to characterize behavioral alterations occurring as soon as 4 weeks postinjection. Interestingly, less severe but significant behavioral alterations were also observed in the two cell-type specific models. We further showed that astrocytes are less affected by @entity25864 compared to neurons, in particular concerning @entity25864 aggregation. Additionally, a more indirect contribution of astrocytes compared to neurons was observed in several pathophysiological mechanisms such as @entity528 . Finally, we showed that direct and indirect transcriptional alterations within the glial glutamatergic clearing system are caused by astrocytic and neuronal expression of @entity25864 , respectively. We anticipate that our study will help to better understand the contributions of astrocytes to @entity2033 and guide future therapeutic efforts. GLIA 2016.

title: Astrocytes are key but indirect contributors to the development of the symptomatology and pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['astrogliosis and neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the existence of antibodies that react against @entity1234 ( @entity1865 )-modified lipoprotein(a) ( @entity1865 -Lp[a]), a molecule that exhibits behavioral similarities to @entity1865 -modified low-density lipoprotein ( @entity1865 -LDL), and to assess the possible relationship of these antibodies (anti- @entity1865 -Lp[a]) to anti- @entity1865 -LDL antibodies (anti- @entity1865 -LDL) in the @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). METHODS: We studied 104 @entity1 with @entity1701 (61 with primary @entity1701 and 43 with @entity1701 secondary to @entity1252 ) and 106 healthy controls. Anti- @entity1865 -Lp(a) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using @entity1865 -Lp(a) as antigen. Plasma levels of Lp(a) were determined. Anti- @entity1865 -LDL, anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti- @entity9500 ) were also measured by ELISA. Inhibition assays were performed to determine the presence of cross-reactivity between anti- @entity1865 -Lp(a) and anti- @entity1865 -LDL. RESULTS: Anti- @entity1865 -Lp(a) were detected in 38 of 104 @entity1 (37%) but in only 6 of 106 controls (6%) (chi2 = 28, P<0.0001). Levels of anti- @entity1865 -Lp(a) were also higher in @entity1 than in controls (P<0.0001). Titers of these antibodies did not correlate with plasma levels of Lp(a). The presence of anti- @entity1865 -Lp(a) was significantly associated with that of anti- @entity1865 -LDL (chi2 = 22.09, P<0.0001). There was a strong correlation between the titers of anti- @entity1865 -Lp(a) and anti- @entity1865 -LDL (r = 0.59, P<0.0001), and inhibition assays showed significant cross-reactivity between the 2 populations of antibodies. Anticardiolipin antibodies and anti- @entity9500 were present in sera from 67 @entity1 (64%) and 48 @entity1 (46%), respectively. No correlation was found between the titer of anti- @entity1865 -Lp(a) and titers of either aCL or anti- @entity9500 . CONCLUSION: We report for the first time the existence of autoantibodies against @entity1865 -Lp(a). The presence of antibodies reacting not only against @entity1865 -LDL but also against @entity1865 -Lp(a) supports the hypothesis of a role for oxidative phenomena in the pathogenesis of @entity1701 and @entity731 .

title: Autoantibodies against XXXX -modified lipoprotein(a) in @entity1701 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1234 :: (MESH:D008315,Chemical) :: ['malondialdehyde']


abstract: Scans of slash pine wood chips infested with pine wood @entity2199 showed coiled aggregates of 5-10 @entity2199 in the axial resin canals, and 1-2 @entity2199 folded in the radial resin canals. Observations of the @entity8027 by SEM showed the head to be offset with six labial lobes. A smaller circle of six inner lobes surrounded the stoma. A single labial sensillum was observed on each of the two subventral and two subdorsal lobes. The two opposite lobes, without sensilla, bore a pore-like amphid. The female vulva flap was observed to be a pouch. In addition to two pairs of @entity1829 previously described for the male, three additional papillae were observed: an additional post-anal pair, and a single papilla anterior to the cloaca. Spicules were fused ventrally. Distal spicule ends terminated in two fused half discs. Caudal alae were angular at the tail terminus, but culed inward at the corners to appear oval. Lateral fields had four lateral striations.

title: Observations on the Morphology of the @entity8027 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['copulatory papillae']

entities_list: @entity8027 :: ('6326', 'Species') :: ['pine wood nematode']

answer: @entity8027 :: (6326,Species) :: ['Bursaphelenchus xylophilus']


abstract: @entity730 ( @entity13375 ) is an uncommon complication of @entity177 that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We report 16 @entity1 (13 female) who presented between 1985 and 1996. All @entity1 developed @entity158 that progressed to cutaneous @entity39 and @entity1066 (11 cases on the proximal extremities and five cases on the distal extremities). Two @entity1 with predominately distal leg disease survived; the cause of @entity204 in the other 14 @entity1 was @entity295 (six @entity1 ), withdrawal from dialysis (three), @entity1167 (three), and @entity360 (two). @entity5327 from @entity729 occurred in two cases. Clinical factors identified included the use of @entity1229 therapy in seven cases and significant @entity353 (>10% body weight) in seven cases in the 6 months preceding the development of @entity730 . Skin pathology was studied in 12 cases, with all showing @entity730 and small vessel calcification. Electron microscopic spectral analysis of the mineral content of the @entity730 in the subcutaneous tissue showed only @entity460 and phosphorous. In two cases, substitution of low molecular weight heparin for @entity1229 therapy resulted in clinical improvement. Current theories of pathogenesis and treatment are reviewed. This study confirms the high morbidity and mortality of @entity730 producing @entity63 tissue @entity39 while drawing attention to significant @entity353 and @entity1229 therapy as risk factors for the development of @entity63 tissue @entity39 . Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy warrants further study.

title: @entity39 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific lesions', 'Calcific uremic arteriolopathy', 'calcific panniculitis', 'calcific uremic arteriolopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful livido reticularis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity13375 :: ('MESH:D002115', 'Disease') :: ['calciphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['Mesenteric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcific uremic arteriolopathy']


abstract: The decrease in blood flow in response to @entity935 (DA) injected intraarterially (i.a.) into the femoral or renal vascular beds was examined in the anaesthetised @entity235 . DA or @entity1063 (NA) were 10 times more potent as vasoconstrictor agents in the femoral than in the renal vasculature. In the femoral bed, the DA induced vasoconstriction was completely resistant to antagonism by @entity3159 (30-300 micrograms/kg i.v.), but was dose-dependently blocked by the alpha 2-receptor antagonist @entity9006 (30-300 micrograms/kg i.v.). In the renal bed the vasoconstrictor effects of DA were resistant to blockade by @entity9006 , but were @entity3159 sensitive indicating that alpha 1-adrenoceptors were involved in this response. The alpha-receptor agonist profile for DA was not modified in the femoral bed after blockade of dilatory D1-receptors with @entity10095 (0.5 mg/kg i.v. and 0.1 mg/kg per h i.v.). However, this antagonist significantly increased the vasoconstrictor potency for DA in the renal bed. The decrease in femoral blood flow induced by an injection of DA, appears to be mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors. In the renal vascular bed where the predominant alpha-adrenoceptor corresponds to the alpha 1-subtype and there are few postsynaptic alpha 2-receptors subserving vasoconstriction, DA can stimulate alpha 1-receptors but this action requires higher doses of agonist than those needed for alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation.

title: XXXX preferentially stimulates postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the femoral vascular bed, but alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the renal vascular bed of the anaesthetised @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) develops with @entity99 (IVC), or both. Various methods have been reported regarding the treatment of @entity3181 . In this article, we present our preliminary experience with radical surgery in the treatment of @entity3181 under genuine direct vision. METHODS: In 13 @entity1 aged from 17 to 48 years, the disease lasted from 3 months to 5 years. @entity6323 (IVC) was observed in 3 @entity1 , right hepatic venous (HV) membrane in 1, IVC membrane with distal @entity715 in 6, long-segment @entity715 of the IVC in 2, and IVC @entity715 caused by @entity5 extending to the right atrium in 1. RESULTS: All lesions were successfully resected. Extracorporeal circulation was used in one @entity1 , and the cell saver in 2 @entity1 . No blood transfusion was given except for 3 @entity1 receiving blood transfusion of 2000, 400, and 400 ml, respectively. One @entity1 died of @entity177 during the postoperative period. Signs and symptoms disappeared after the operation in the remaining @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This new radical surgery gives access to the lesions under clear direct vision in further facilitating the correction needed.

title: Radical surgery under genuine direct vision for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal tumor']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['complete or incomplete obstruction of the hepatic veins (HV), the super hepatic inferior vena cava']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies investigating the efficacy of intraoral myofascial therapies (IMTs) for chronic @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) are rare. The present study was an expansion of a previously published pilot study that investigated whether chiropractic IMT and the addition of education and self-care were superior to no-treatment or IMT alone for 5 outcome measures-interincisal opening range, @entity158 at rest, @entity158 upon opening, @entity158 upon clenching, and global reporting of change-over the course of 1 year. METHODS: Ninety-three @entity1 with @entity2956 between the ages of 18 and 50 years experiencing chronic @entity158 of longer than 3 months in duration were recruited for the study. Successful applicants were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: (1) IMT consisting of 2 treatment interventions per week for 5 weeks, (2) IMT plus education and "self-care" exercises (IMTESC), and (3) wait-list control. The main outcome measures were used. Range of motion findings were measured by vernier callipers in millimeters, and @entity158 scores were quantified using an 11-point self-reported graded chronic @entity158 scale. Global reporting of change was a 7-point self-reported scale, balanced positively and negatively around a zero midpoint. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in resting, opening and @entity158 , opening scores, and global reporting of change (P < .05) in both treatment groups compared with the controls at 6 months and 1 year. There were also significant differences between the 2 treatment groups at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that both chiropractic IMT and IMTESC were superior to no-treatment of chronic @entity2956 over the course of 1 year, with IMTESC also being superior to IMT at 1 year.

title: Intraoral myofascial therapy for chronic XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['clenching pain', 'jaw pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['myogenous TMD', 'TMD', 'temporomandibular disorder']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['myogenous temporomandibular disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity4082 plus @entity898 versus @entity4082 for inducing ovulation in @entity1 with @entity3610 . DESIGN: Prospective cross-over trial. SETTING: University teaching hospital and a private practice setting. @entity1 : Five hundred and seventy-three @entity1 were treated with @entity4082 for one menstrual cycle among which 470 @entity1 were treated with @entity4082 plus @entity898 for another cycle. All @entity1 suffered from @entity3610 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 had @entity4082 50-mg tablets twice daily alone or with @entity898 1,200 mg/day orally for 5 days starting on day 3 of the menstrual cycle. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were number of mature follicles, serum E2, serum @entity1420 , and endometrial thickness. Secondary outcome was the occurrence of pregnancy. RESULTS: Ovulation rate improved significantly after the addition of @entity898 (17.9% versus 52.1%). Although the number of mature follicles was more in the @entity898 group (2.1+/-0.88 versus 3.2+/-0.93), the difference was not statistically significant. The mean E2 levels (pg/ml) at the time of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropine injection, serum @entity1420 levels (ng/ml) on days 21-23 of the cycle, and the endometrial thickness were significantly improved in the @entity898 group. The overall pregnancy rate was 11.5% in the @entity898 group. Insulin resistance occurred in 260 @entity1 (55.4%). There was no significant difference between the insulin resistance group (n = 260) and non-insulin resistance group (n = 210) as regards ovulation rate, number of follicles, serum E2 (pg/ml), serum @entity1420 (ng/ml), endometrial thickness (mm), or pregnancy rate. CONCLUSION: @entity898 is proved effective in inducing or augmenting ovulation in @entity3610 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity4082 for induction of ovulation in @entity3610 : a cross-over trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'polycystic ovary']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Acetyl cysteine', 'N-acetyl cysteine']

answer: @entity898 :: (MESH:D000111,Chemical) :: ['N-Acetyl cysteine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Falls are common and associated with adverse outcomes in @entity1 on dialysis. Limited data are available in earlier stages of CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: We analyzed data from 8744 Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in @entity64 Study @entity1 >= 65 years old with Medicare fee for service coverage. Serious @entity130 were defined as a fall-related @entity174 , @entity1545 , or joint dislocation using Medicare claims. Hazard ratios (HRs) for serious @entity130 were calculated by @entity470 and albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio (ACR). Among 2590 @entity1 with CKD ( @entity470 <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) or ACR>= 30 mg/g), cumulative mortality after a serious @entity130 compared with age-matched controls without a @entity130 was calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 1103 (12.6%) @entity1 had a serious @entity130 over 9.9 years of follow-up. The incidence rates per 1000 @entity1 -years of serious @entity130 were 21.7 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 20.3 to 23.2), 26.6 (95% CI, 22.6 to 31.3), and 38.3 (95% CI, 31.2 to 47.0) at @entity470 levels >= 60, 45-59, and <45 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively, and 21.3 (95% CI, 20.0 to 22.8), 31.7 (95% CI, 27.5 to 36.5), and 42.2 (95% CI, 31.3 to 56.9) at ACR levels <30, 30-299, and >= 300 mg/g, respectively. Multivariable adjusted HRs for serious @entity130 were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.09) and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.37) for @entity470 =45-59 and <45 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively, versus @entity470 >= 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.54) and 1.81 (95% CI, 1.30 to 2.50) for ACR=30-299 and >= 300 mg/g, respectively, versus ACR<30 mg/g. Among @entity1 with CKD, cumulative 1-year mortality rates among @entity1 with a serious fall and age-matched controls were 21.0% and 5.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated ACR but not lower @entity470 was associated with serious @entity130 . Evaluation for fall risk factors and fall prevention strategies should be considered for older adults with elevated ACR.

title: Association of Reduced XXXX and Albuminuria with Serious @entity130 among Older Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['fall injuries', 'fall injury']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['eGFR']


abstract: @entity5409 ( @entity5409 ) is a frequent complication of @entity454 . In about 50% of @entity1 on chronic haemodialysis treatment, secondary cysts are detected by sonography/computed tomography or at autopsy. @entity5409 is associated with an increased risk for the development of @entity8 . Renal @entity652 are found in 8.8% of the cases, @entity1358 are observed in 2.9% of the @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity1358 is 5-10 times greater in @entity5409 than in the general population. Therefore, @entity5409 should be considered as a @entity1613 carrying an increased risk for the development of @entity1358 . Consequently @entity1 with @entity5409 need careful and regular clinical observation and monitoring by ultrasound or computed tomography. An increased risk for the development of @entity1358 has also been discussed in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) based on anecdotal observations. A careful analysis of the literature as well as a retrospective examination of 86 necropsies (1951-1985) and 25 nephrectomy specimens with @entity8 revealed only one @entity1 with @entity1358 . With respect to the incidence of @entity1358 and the frequency of @entity8 (1:1000) in the general population, the present data do not permit the conclusion that @entity8 represents a @entity1613 .

title: [ XXXX and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease--precancerous condition?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal neoplasias', 'ADPKD', 'autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['Acquired cystic kidney disease', 'ACKD']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous condition']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity5409 :: (MESH:D052177,Disease) :: ['Acquired cystic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since Kraepelin, avolition, a core symptom of @entity161 , has been defined as a decrease in spontaneous, self-initiated and purposeful behaviors observed in daily life activities. However, the concurrent validity of commonly-used avolition measures has not been studied, and direct observation may offer a more objective way to measure avolition. METHOD: A direct observation measure of spontaneous and self-initiated behaviors that can be observed in an inpatient setting was defined with the use of time sampling method. This direct observation measure was used with fifty inpatients with @entity161 . Additionally, @entity1 were asked to rate their current interest in and their level of engagement in 10 active behaviors during the preceding 7 days. Clinicians rated the @entity1 ' engagement in the same activities for the preceding 7 days as well. RESULTS: The direct observation measure showed very good psychometric properties. Three clinical negative symptom scales showed moderate to high correlation with the direct measure. Concerning the retrospective ratings, @entity1 ' self-assessments were poorly correlated with clinicians' ratings, but showed high correlation with their subjective interests. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical rating scales of negative symptoms show moderate to good concurrent validity as measures of avolition in @entity161 . However, @entity1 ' self-reports do not appear to provide valid indices of avolition. Our results favor clinical negative symptoms scales that use observers' reports only, over @entity1 ' self-reports. The direct observation of @entity1 ' behavior offers a precise and objective measure of avolition that may be useful in drug challenges and clinical trials.

title: Behavioral validation of avolition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The natural history of @entity355 , particularly the prevalence and incidence of malignant changes in it, remains controversial. Furthermore the prognosis of surgically treated @entity1 with @entity189 in @entity355 has not been elucidated fully. To examine these and other issues, the records of 65 @entity1 with @entity189 in @entity355 presenting at the Lahey Clinic Medical Center from January 1973 to January 1989 were reviewed. During this period, 241 @entity1 with documented @entity355 were seen, for a prevalence of @entity189 of 27%. @entity420 in @entity355 accounted for 30% of the surgically treated @entity189 of the thoracic @entity418 during this period. All but four of these @entity1 were @entity1 . Symptoms of chronic reflux were present in less than one half of the @entity1 and @entity1282 was often the presenting symptom. In eight @entity1 the @entity189 was discovered on routine surveillance endoscopy, and in four @entity1 progression of disease from benign columnar epithelium to @entity1141 to @entity189 was documented. @entity5 developed in six @entity1 who had undergone previous antireflux surgery, and in four other @entity1 a second @entity189 developed in residual Barrett's epithelium after a previous resection. Of the 65 @entity1 , 61 (94%) were considered to have operable disease, all of whom underwent resection. Two @entity1 (3.3%) died within 30 days of operation. The resected specimens were staged as follows: stage 0, 4; stage I, 10; stage II, 17; stage III, 25; stage IV, 4. Of the resected specimens, 73% showed areas of @entity1141 adjacent to the @entity5 . The overall adjusted actuarial 5-year survival rate was 23.7%. The 3-year survival rate was 100% for @entity1 with stage 0 @entity189 , 85.7% for @entity1 with stage I @entity189 , 53.6% for @entity1 with @entity5 , 45% for @entity1 with @entity5 , 25.2% for @entity1 with @entity5 , and 0% for @entity1 with stage IV @entity189 . The premalignant nature of @entity355 requires endoscopic surveillance to detect early @entity189 because symptoms often occur late or are absent. Antireflux surgery does not protect against the development of @entity189 . All of the Barrett's epithelium must be resected because a second @entity189 may develop in residual columnar epithelium. @entity12341 should be considered an indication for resection. Although operability and resectability rates are high, long-term survival is not. Early detection is mandatory if long-term survival is to be achieved.

title: @entity420 in XXXX . A clinicopathologic study of 65 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'stage IIA carcinoma', 'stage IIB carcinoma', 'stage III carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophagus']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity12341 :: ('MESH:C563736', 'Disease') :: ['Severe dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: The relative merits of measuring blood concentrations of @entity1641 chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG, previously known as pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG)), or @entity19517 (OS), or faecal OS concentrations for determining pregnancy status in miniature @entity1641 were investigated. Pregnant mares between 40 and 140 days after mating had serum eCG concentrations > 1 I.U. @entity19264 , with the highest concentrations occurring between days 50 and 120. However, eCG measurements were susceptible to returning a 'false positive' diagnosis of pregnancy. Plasma OS concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 3.6 ng @entity19264 in non-pregnant mares, whereas pregnant mares beyond 100 days post-mating all had plasma OS concentrations > 30 ng @entity19264 . Faecal OS concentrations ranged from 4 to 89 ng g-1 in non-pregnant mares. For faecal samples collected from pregnant mares 150 days or more after mating, 97% of samples had OS concentrations > 85 ng g-1, the value 3 standard deviations above the mean non-pregnant value. None had values below 67 ng g-1, the value 2 standard deviations above the mean non-pregnant value. These results show that measurement of eCG is suitable for determining pregnancy status in miniature mares between 40 and 100 days post-mating. However, mares returning a 'pregnant' diagnosis should undergo a blood OS test 100 or more days after mating to eliminate the possibility of a 'false positive' diagnosis. Measuring blood OS is recommended as the method of choice for determining pregnancy status in miniature mares 100 or more days after mating. Faecal OS measurements provide a non-invasive alternative to blood OS testing from 150 days post-mating. However, the discrimination between 'pregnant' and 'non-pregnant' levels of OS is not as great in faeces as it is in blood.

title: Comparison of the merits of measuring XXXX chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and blood and faecal concentrations of @entity19517 for determining the pregnancy status of miniature @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity19517 :: ('MESH:C017296', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrone sulphate']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: PURPOSE: This is a pilot study to assess the use of @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) as an adjunct to vitreous surgery in eyes with advanced @entity6 . DESIGN: Prospective noncomparative interventional case series. @entity1 : Seven @entity1 with advanced @entity6 selected at random from our practice population. METHODS: Seven eyes were treated with @entity2246 as an adjunct to standard vitreous surgery. Six eyes had macular tractional @entity1713 , and one eye had refractory @entity1103 . Three fellow eyes had standard vitreous surgery performed for macular tractional @entity1713 without @entity2246 . All 10 eyes had @entity1103 and @entity6 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures included induction of a @entity20699 , retinal reattachment, improvement in visual acuity, and resolution of @entity1103 . RESULTS: All seven @entity2246 -treated eyes achieved spontaneous or easy removal of the posterior hyaloid including one eye that had vitreoschisis over areas of @entity11471 . All eyes treated with @entity2246 had resolution of intraretinal @entity4 . Retinas of all eyes treated with @entity2246 were reattached. The three fellow eyes were treated by vitreous surgery without @entity2246 . Two of the three fellow eyes had reattached retinas, but none had resolution of intraretinal @entity4 without further focal photocoagulation treatment. Mean visual acuity improvement was 0.7 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) units in @entity2246 -treated eyes and 0.1 LogMAR units in eyes without @entity2246 . The average follow-up period was 14 months. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that @entity2246 may be beneficial in the surgical management of @entity6 .

title: Autologous plasmin enzyme in the surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['background diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['posterior vitreous detachment']

entities_list: @entity11471 :: ('MESH:C565633', 'Disease') :: ['detached retina']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['APE', 'autologous plasmin enzyme']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: The carotid bodies of @entity35 were investigated by light and electron microscopy following adaptation to a simulated altitude of 7000 m. Some animals were studied immediately after readaptation to sea-level, other groups up to 41 days later. The animals of the first group show enlarged glomera with dilated capillaries as reported earlier. The type-I-cells are large with a light staining cytoplasm. The lobular configuration of the glomus is lost and intracapillary platelet @entity715 are frequently found. Under these thrombi there is usually a chief cell degeneration with @entity4 and vacuolisation. There is also a noticeable decrease in so-called @entity5733 bodies and the remaining ones are usually arranged along the cell borders. Electron microscopically the intercapillary tissue reveals an increase in collagen material partially replanning lost chief cells. Essentially unaltered sustentacular cells frequently enclose with their processes only collagen bundles and nerve fibres. During 41 days following the readaptation there is a narrowing of capillaries and vacuolisation, swelling and @entity715 are no longer observed. The amount of collagen, however, remains the same. Dense cored vesicles again increase in number and the chief cells show a prominent interdigitation. Light microscopically the restoration to normal appears to be almost complete. Fine structural analysis, however, shows an appearently permanent distortion in the composition and cellular arrangement of the glomus.

title: Light and electron microscopic observations on the carotid bodies of XXXX following adaptation to high altitude.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Objectives. @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) is a @entity102 , but comparative trials of anticholinergics, which are commonly used for treatment of @entity2182 , have generally been performed for up to 12 weeks only. There is no comparative study of a long-term intervention. Methods. We conducted a 52-week prospective randomized comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of two anticholinergics. Results. Forty-one Japanese @entity1 with untreated @entity2182 were randomly assigned to @entity9941 and @entity2180 groups. There was no difference in OABSS and KHQ scores between the two groups, but the severity and incidence of adverse events caused by the anticholinergics showed increased differences between the groups with time. The severity of @entity2133 and the incidence of @entity1142 were significantly lower in the @entity9941 group (P = 0.0092 and P = 0.0013, resp.). Conclusions. This study is the first long-term trial to show differences in the properties of anticholinergics that were not detected in short-term studies. Since @entity2182 is a @entity102 , we conclude that @entity9941 is preferable to @entity2180 from a perspective of safety.

title: Comparative Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Long-Term Use of XXXX and @entity2180 in @entity1 with Overactive Bladder: A Prospective, Open, Randomized, Parallel-Group Trial (the LIST Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9941 :: ('MESH:C120953', 'Chemical') :: ['imidafenacin']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity2180 :: ('MESH:C441209', 'Chemical') :: ['solifenacin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['Overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity9941 :: (MESH:C120953,Chemical) :: ['Imidafenacin']


abstract: @entity54 is the major filamentous fungal pathogen in @entity1 . Although A. fumigatus can be treated with many of the available antifungal drugs, including @entity5638 compounds, drug resistant isolates are being recovered at an increasing rate. In other fungal pathogens such as the Candida species, @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins play important roles in development of clinically-significant azole resistance phenotypes. Central among these ABC transporter proteins are homologues of the @entity375 @entity41157 multidrug transporter. In this work, we test the two A. fumigatus genes encoding proteins sharing the highest degree of sequence similarity to @entity375 @entity41157 for their ability to be function in a heterologous @entity41157 /\ strain of @entity375 . Expression of full-length cDNAs for these two Afu proteins failed to suppress the drug sensitive phenotype of a @entity41157 /\ strain and no evidence could be obtained for their expression as green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions. To improve the expression of one of these Afu ABC transporters (XP_755847), we changed the sequence of the cDNA to use codons corresponding to the major tRNA species in @entity375 . This codon-optimized ( @entity9931 fu abcA) cDNA was efficiently expressed in @entity41157 /\ cells and able to be detected as a GFP fusion protein. The @entity9931 fu abcA did not correct the drug sensitivity of the @entity41157 /\ strain and exhibited a high degree of perinuclear fluorescence suggesting that this fusion protein was localized to the @entity375 ER. Interestingly, when these experiments were repeated at 37   C, the CO Afu abcA was able to complement the drug sensitive phenotype of @entity41157 /\ cells and exhibited less intracellular fluorescence. Additionally, we found that the @entity9931 fu abcA was able to reduce resistance to drugs like @entity28978 that act via causing mislocalization of @entity535 permeases in fungi. These data suggest that the Afu abcA protein can carry out two different functions of @entity41157 : drug transport and regulation of protein internalization from the plasma membrane.

title: Functional analysis of an @entity855 -binding cassette transporter protein from @entity54 by heterologous expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity28978 :: ('MESH:C012491', 'Chemical') :: ['phytosphingosine']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 10-day @entity3403 treatment in @entity1 with @entity8831 has been assessed in the United States but not in Europe. Experts disagree on the significance of post- @entity3001 symptoms. METHODS: In a noninferiority trial, the efficacies of 10 days and 15 days of oral @entity3403 therapy were evaluated in adult European @entity1 with @entity8831 . The prevalence of nonspecific symptoms was compared between @entity1 with @entity8831 and 81 control subjects without a history of @entity3001 . The efficacy of treatment, determined on the basis of clinical observations and microbiologic tests, was assessed at 14 days and at 2, 6, and 12 months. Nonspecific symptoms in @entity1 and controls were compared at 6 months after enrollment. RESULTS: A total of 117 @entity1 (52%) were treated with @entity3403 for 15 days, and 108 (48%) received @entity3403 for 10 days. Twelve months after enrollment, 85 of 91 @entity1 (93.4%) in the 15-day group and 79 of 86 (91.9%) in the 10-day group had complete response (difference, 1.6 percentage points; upper limit of the 95% confidence interval, 9.1 percentage points). At 6 months, the frequency of nonspecific symptoms in the @entity1 was similar to that among controls. CONCLUSIONS: The 10-day regimen of oral @entity3403 was not inferior to the 15-day regimen among adult European @entity1 with solitary @entity8831 . Six months after treatment, the frequency of nonspecific symptoms among @entity8831 @entity1 was similar to that among control subjects. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT00910715.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity3403 for 10 days versus 15 days.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

answer: @entity8831 :: (MESH:C538499,Disease) :: ['erythema migrans']


abstract: @entity1374 are very common in @entity1 of reproductive age. The aim of this study was to review the current evidence on physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of @entity1 with @entity1374 that are currently seeking fertility, undergoing assisted reproduction technologies (ART) or being pregnant. Normal thyroid function is essential for normal function of the @entity444 , thus important in maintaining normal reproductive capacity. On the contrary, any type of @entity1374 may reduce the likelihood of pregnancy; the latter can be restored to normal after appropriate treatment. Over eight million @entity1 have been born as a result of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) since 1978. As these procedures are becoming more common in clinical practice, the exact impact of thyroid status on reproductive outcomes as well as that of drugs used in ART on thyroid function has to be fully elucidated. Maternal thyroid function is crucial, especially during the first weeks of gestation, for offspring's wellness and brain development. On the other hand, normal physiological mechanisms during gestation can have a major impact on maternal thyroid function. As @entity1 @entity1465 has a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-like effect, high hCG concentrations are associated with thyroid stimulation, both functionally (lower serum TSH concentrations) and anatomically (increased thyroid volume). Although the association between @entity1375 and @entity5845 has been described for over a century, more recently, even the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as recurrent abortions and @entity5869 . This is of major clinical significance, as anti-thyroid antibodies are surprisingly prevalent in pregnancy, especially during the first two trimesters.

title: XXXX and female reproduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['maternal hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['increased perinatal morbidity']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'Thyroid diseases', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['Thyroid diseases']


abstract: Bone densitometry using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is frequently used to diagnose @entity170 and to identify @entity1 at risk of later @entity174 . The parameters of interest are bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Bone densitometry results have a large overlap between normals and @entity1 with @entity174 . This would suggest that other factors are important for the development of @entity174 or that bone densitometry is not used optimally. It is generally believed that the conversion of BMC to @entity79 by division of the former by the projected bone area is a good normalization procedure. Other normalization procedures have been attempted in the past with little success. We hypothesized that this might be due to a blurring effect of time since menopause, and that body size could be demonstrated to have an effect on measured BMC and @entity79 , if this time effect could be eliminated. The results of this study, comprising 1625 early post-menopausal @entity1 studied at virtually the same time since menopause, confirm that this is the case. Body surface area was the parameter among conventional body size variables showing the highest correlation with BMC and @entity79 . It was clearly shown that low values of @entity79 were seen more often in the lowest than in the highest body surface area quartile. The difference between quartiles was statistically significant. Simple division of BMC by actual body surface area or division of @entity79 by the square root of body surface removed the uneven distribution between the body surface area quartiles for lumbar spine and femoral neck measurements, and reduced it at peripheral measuring sites. It is suggested that BMC and @entity79 of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck should be normalized as described to avoid overdiagnosis of @entity170 in @entity1 of petite body stature and underdiagnosis in tall ones.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX by planar bone densitometry: can body size be disregarded?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral areal density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: @entity308 and the treatment thereof have been associated with a number of neuroplastic events, such as neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling in discrete areas of the brain. The associations of these events in changes regarding the energy supply have not been investigated. Here, we investigated the changes in mitochondrial plasticity and its correlation to morphological alterations of neuroplasticity in the hippocampus, both associated with a @entity308 phenotype, and after treatment, with antidepressant @entity2645 . Design-based stereological methods were used to estimate the number and volume of mitochondria in @entity1249 of the hippocampus in two different strains of @entity35 , the Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Flinders @entity35 , which display a genetic susceptibility to @entity146 , the Flinders-sensitive line (FSL) and their corresponding controls, the Flinders-resistant line (FRL). Results showed a significantly reduced number of mitochondria in @entity1249 , which was significantly smaller in the untreated FSL saline group compared to the FRL group. However, the mean volume of mitochondria was significantly larger in the FSL saline group compared to the FRL saline group. Following treatment, the FSL @entity2645 group showed a significant increase in the number of mitochondria compared to the FSL saline group. Treatment with @entity2645 in the SD @entity35 did not induce significant differences in the number of mitochondria. Our results indicate that @entity308 may be related to impairments of mitochondrial plasticity in the hippocampus and antidepressant treatment may counteract with the @entity2383 . Moreover, the changes in mitochondrial morphology and number are a consistent feature of neuroplasticity.

title: Mitochondrial plasticity of the hippocampus in a genetic XXXX model of @entity308 after antidepressant treatment.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive disorders', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural impairments']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: An unusual histiocytic @entity1909 associated with a lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic @entity3139 appears to represent a previously undescribed disease process. A 56-year-old @entity1 presented with a 5 year history of a violaceous, maculo-papular @entity1910 primarily on her legs. It began approximately 8 months before therapy for @entity1148 . The @entity1910 subsequently progressed to form confluent patches and plaques on her torso and arms. The clinical impression was of disseminated @entity738 annulare, but multiple biopsies from different sites did not confirm this. Histologic examination revealed a diffuse proliferation of histiocytic cells in the dermis, without well-formed @entity738 or @entity16925 . The cells had large, focally irregular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and were associated with scattered, often bizarre multinucleate giant cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the histiocytic cells to be positive for @entity2281 and @entity469 and negative for @entity4896 . Perivascular siderophages as well as a lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic @entity3139 accompanied the process. The striking cutaneous changes are of unknown etiology but appear to be previously undescribed.

title: Giant cell rich histiocytic XXXX / @entity3139 associated with @entity1148 .

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity16925 :: ('MESH:D017441', 'Disease') :: ['necrobiosis']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['dermatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the surface characteristics of keratectomy specimens created with 4 microkeratomes by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). SETTING: Two university institutions. METHODS: Keratectomies were performed in 10 fresh, unfrozen @entity1 eyes with 1 of 4 microkeratomes: the @entity346 (Storz Instruments), the Universalkeratome (Phoenix), the Automated Corneal Shaper (Bausch _ Lomb), or the Hansatome (Bausch _ Lomb). The beds and edges of the keratectomy specimens were then examined by @entity4653 . Standardized photographs were taken, and the surface and cut-edge characteristics of the keratectomies were compared. RESULTS: Irregularities were noted in the cut edges of Bowman's membrane and the surface of the keratectomy beds with all instruments. The irregularities were most prominent in corneas cut with the Draeger instrument and least prominent in those cut with the Universalkeratome. The serrations in Bowman's membrane and the irregularities in the keratectomy bed appeared to be related to the @entity717 in oscillating blade instruments. CONCLUSIONS: All 4 microkeratomes caused some degree of surface irregularity. The Draeger microkeratome, which uses a continuously rotating blade, resulted in the greatest number of Bowman's membrane serrations and irregularities in the keratectomy bed. The tissue irregularities may be related to the development of pressure ridges ahead of the blade. In instruments that use an oscillating blade, chatter marks appear to be related to the reciprocating movement of the blade as it travels across the @entity2687 .

title: Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the surface characteristics of 4 microkeratome systems in XXXX corneas.

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['blade movement']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['Draeger rotary microkeratome']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is widely utilized for evaluation of @entity1 with thyroid nodules. However, approximately 30% are indeterminate for @entity5 . Recently, a mutation in the @entity817 gene has been reported to be the most common genetic event in @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). In this retrospective study, we assessed the utility of @entity817 @entity8554 mutation detection for refining indeterminate preoperative cytologic diagnoses in @entity1 with @entity3557 . METHODS: Archival indeterminate thyroid FNAs and corresponding @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) surgical samples with @entity3557 were identified in our @entity1 files. DNA extracted from slide scape lysates and 5 mum FFPE sections were evaluated for the @entity817 @entity8554 mutation using LightCycler PCR and fluorescent melting curve analysis (LCPCR). Amplification products that showed deviation from the wild-type genomic DNA melting peak, discordant FNA and FFPE matched pairs, and all benign control samples, underwent direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: A total of 19 indeterminate thyroid FNAs demonstrating @entity3557 on FFPE surgical samples were included in the study. Using @entity817 mutation analysis, the preoperative diagnosis of @entity3557 was confirmed in 3/19 (15.8%) FNA samples that could not be conclusively diagnosed on cytology alone. However, 9/19 (47.4%) FFPE tissue samples were positive for the @entity8554 mutation. Of the discordant pairs, 5/6 FNAs contained less than 50% @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: When used with indeterminate FNA samples, @entity817 mutation analysis may be a useful adjunct technique for confirming the diagnosis of @entity5 in an otherwise equivocal case. However, overall @entity5 cell content of some archival FNA smear slides is a limiting factor for mutation detection.

title: Utility of @entity817 XXXX mutation detection in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity8554 :: (p|SUB|V|600|E,ProteinMutation) :: ['V600E']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity5 deeply located in segment @entity797 (S8), @entity4265 ( @entity4265 ) often is thought to solve the issue of technical accessibility. Yet, the common existence of an associated underlying diseased liver raises the question of parenchymal-sparing resection. METHODS: From 2002 to 2011, 34 @entity1 underwent isolated S8 resection, and their operative and postoperative characteristics were compared to 34 matched @entity1 who underwent @entity4265 for lesions located in S8. RESULTS: Indications and preoperative characteristics were comparable between the two groups except for @entity5 in @entity4265 @entity1 compared with S8 @entity1 (48 vs. 40 mm; p = 0.001). Achieving S8 resection required significantly longer clamping time (45 vs. 37 min, p = 0.011), more additional biliostasis because of obvious biliary leak (65 vs. 18 %, p < 0.001), and subsequently increased application of sealant material (56 vs. 9 %, p < 0.001) compared with @entity4265 . The overall complication rate was similar between the two groups (59 vs. 62 %, p = 0.804), although a trend toward a higher rate of @entity3116 was observed in S8 @entity1 (20 vs. 6 %, p = 0.07). Routine CT scan performed on postoperative day 7 found significantly more subphrenic collections in S8 @entity1 compared with @entity4265 @entity1 (53 vs. 9 %, p = 0.003). On pathological examination, surgical margin width was comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomical S8 resection remains a technically demanding procedure with an elevated risk of @entity86 but allows achieving adequate carcinologic resection. Increasing consideration for parenchymal sparing resection should lead to favor this approach as a treatment of choice for small and medium-sized @entity5 located in this segment.

title: High risk of @entity3116 after isolated segment XXXX liver resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['RH', 'right hepatectomy']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Gene) :: ['VIII']


abstract: We described a case of late-infantile form of @entity17830 . This male @entity1 was a product of normal pregnancy. His parents were first cousins. He first sat at eight months, walked and talked at two years of age. His gait gradually became unsteady and he was diagnosed as @entity3500 at the age of five years. @entity4207 was first pointed out at seven years of age. At the age of nine years, we evaluated him in detail at our university hospital. Physical examination revealed a short stature for his age, slightly coarse face, short neck, funnel chest, genu, pes and hallucis valgus. Corneal clouding, @entity547 and @entity15967 were not found. Neurological examination showed @entity1032 , bilateral @entity1952 without cherry-red spots, and @entity508 and slightly ataxic gait. Slight muscular @entity194 with @entity425 was also seen in the extremities, more remarkable in the lower limbs. Deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive with bilateral ankle clonus and no extensor planter response. Routine examination of blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid were normal except for approximately 10% lymphocytes containing cytoplasmic vacuoles. X-ray films of the backbone exhibited vertebral plana with anterior breaking at the second lumbar vertebra level. The electroencephalography showed the multiple spike and slow wave complexes. Brain CT depicted the @entity194 of cerebellum. The activities of sialidase and @entity1194 were markedly reduced in white blood cells and cultured skin fibroblasts in this @entity1 . His urinary excretion of sialyloligosaccharides increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Late-infantile form @entity17830 with psychomotor retardation and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity1194 :: ('2720', 'Gene') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity17830 :: ('MESH:C536411', 'Disease') :: ['galactosialidosis']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormally slow learning']

entities_list: @entity15967 :: ('MESH:D000794', 'Disease') :: ['angiokeratoma']

answer: @entity3500 :: (MESH:D020336,Disease) :: ['spastic paraparesis']


abstract: High Mobility Group Box chromosomal protein 1 ( @entity518 ) is a nuclear DNA-binding protein acting as a proinflammatory cytokine when released in the extracellular space from necrotic cells,activated macrophages and dendritic cells. @entity518 acts on a specific receptor, @entity4283 ( @entity4283 ), and induces prolonged @entity32 , organ failure, @entity295 and @entity204 . The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of plasma @entity518 concentration and its role in the development of organ failure in @entity1 with @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). Plasma @entity518 levels were measured in @entity1 with suspected @entity5642 and their relationships with @entity5642 , organ failure and clinical outcome were determined. The study took place at the intensive care facility, Mie University School of Medicine and comprised 201 @entity1 with suspected @entity5642 . Plasma @entity518 was below the detection limit in normal subjects, but moderately elevated in @entity1 with @entity166 (4.54 +/- 8.18 ng/ml, mean +/- SD), @entity5 (2.15 +/- 5.34 ng/ml),and @entity130 (6.47 +/- 13.13 ng/ml). @entity5642 was associated with significantly high plasma @entity518 (14.05 +/- 12.56 ng/ml) in these @entity1 . The highest @entity518 levels were in @entity1 with organ failure (8.29 +/- 10.99 ng/ml) and non-survivors (16.58 +/- 11.01 ng/ml). @entity518 plasma levels correlated with the @entity5642 score and sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. In conclusion, our data suggest that @entity518 is a potentially suitable prognostic marker of OF or @entity5642 .

title: Plasma concentrations and importance of High Mobility Group Box protein in the prognosis of organ failure in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4283 :: ('177', 'Gene') :: ['receptor for advanced glycation end-products', 'RAGE']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['disseminated intravascular coagulation']


abstract: Decreased steadiness of muscle force may be associated with ageing and could be a cause of falls in older @entity1 . We studied this in isometric and anisometric @entity2472 in healthy young and older @entity1 . The older group contained @entity1 with and without a history of medically unexplained falls. Forty-four young (aged 18-40 years) and 78 older (aged > 70 years) subjects participated. In the latter group 34 @entity1 had a history of falling (fallers) and 44 did not (non-fallers). Isometric steadiness was measured by the coefficient of variation (CoV) of force at 10, 25 and 50% maximal voluntary force (MVC). Anisometric steadiness was measured by the SD of acceleration during concentric and eccentric contractions against two external loads (1 and 5 kg). There was an overall trend for the younger subjects to be most steady and the fallers the least but the differences were not consistently significant. Isometric steadiness was unaffected by force in all groups. The fallers were less steady (P < 0.001) than both the young and non-fallers, who had similar values. During anisometric contractions, steadiness was similar with both external loads and types of contraction in all groups. During dynamic contractions the older subjects were less steady (P < 0.002). Only eccentric contractions distinguished between the two older groups, with the fallers being less steady by 31% (P = 0.013). These data indicate ageing per se is associated with decreased anisometric, but not isometric, steadiness. Greater unsteadiness during eccentric contractions in the fallers could be an important mechanism of medically unexplained falls.

title: Steadiness of XXXX in young and older adults with and without a history of falling.

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps contractions']

answer: @entity2472 :: (MESH:C536214,Disease) :: ['quadriceps contractions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate and determine the clinical findings, lesions, risk factors, and variety of etiology in Turkish @entity1 suffering from @entity9085 . METHODS: The clinical, radiological, and prognostic features of @entity1 with @entity385 in the vertebrobasilar system (VBS) are not homogeneous. The mechanism, localization, and severity of the @entity455 and the presence of coexisting vascular risk factors influence the prognosis. The study included 134 @entity1 with @entity385 in the VBS that were evaluated according to age, gender, clinical findings, risk factors, lesion localization, echocardiography, Doppler sonography, and cervical magnetic resonance angiography at Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, @entity233 between 1998-2002. RESULTS: @entity101 , @entity299 , smoking, @entity6 , and @entity407 were the most commonly observed risk factors. While infratentorial involvement was seen at a higher ratio (75.4%), acute multi- @entity1188 appearing simultaneously were mostly localized in the thalamus and the brain stem (18.7%). Large and small vessel disease incidences have been found in 32.8% and 20.1% of the @entity1 . Cardioembolism with an incidence rate of 41.8% was the most frequent etiological cause in @entity9085 . No significant meaning has been developed with age and gender as compared to the relationship between localization and etiological subgroups. CONCLUSION: The most common risk factors were @entity101 and @entity299 , and the most common localization of the @entity1188 was the infratentorial region. The cerebellum was seen as the most coexisting localization with all @entity1188 . Cardioembolism accounted for the largest etiological group in all localizations and in @entity1188 .

title: XXXX in the vertebrobasilar system. Risk factors, etiology, and localization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['VBS ischemia', 'vertebrobasilar ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infarcts', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic stroke']


abstract: In this study we assessed the effects of @entity7130 (Dpt) rush immunotherapy in comparison with placebo treatment in our @entity748 @entity1 . Fourteen highly Dpt-susceptible adults were randomized in two groups (immunotherapy and placebo) and treated in single-blind manner. @entity1 were selected according to the recommendation of the immunotherapy position paper (1993). To minimize side effects we modified the protocol by adjusting allergen doses for each @entity1 separately. Immunologic (total and Dpt-specific serum IgE and IgG antibodies/EIA, Pharmacia) and clinical parameters (spirometry, medication score and skin testing) were recorded before treatment, after 2 weeks, at the second month and after 4 months of immunotherapy onset. None of the @entity1 had life-threatening side effects in the course of the treatment. The results obtained demonstrated significant influence of immunotherapy on Dpt-specific serum IgG synthesis (Kruskal Wallis test, p < 0.05) and on the late phase skin reaction with Dpt (U-test, p < 0.05) at the end of the second month of immunotherapy onset. In the immunotherapy group, we also registered a negative correlation between concentrations of Dpt-specific serum IgE and IgG antibodies (p = -0.83; p < 0.05), at the end of the second month. In addition, diversities among @entity1 , expressed by immunologic parameters, were related to the amount of delivered allergen. There were no significant differences between groups concerning medication score from opposite to better FEV, PEFR and dPEFR results (Kruskal Wallis, p < 0.05) in the placebo group. In conclusion, Dpt-specific serum IgG concentration, immunologic score and late phase skin reactivity to allergen appeared to be the valid parameters of rush-immunotherapy achievement, while delivered allergen dose also seemed to be an influencing factor.

title: Early effects of rush immunotherapy with XXXX in asthmatics.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

answer: @entity7130 :: (6956,Species) :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have examined whether @entity5 expression of @entity3840 (also known as @entity2247 ), an enzyme inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as @entity117 , is associated with prognosis in @entity1 with @entity14 . However, results to date have been mixed. METHODS: Using terms for @entity3840 and @entity14 , the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published, in any language, until December 2011. Random effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled HRs [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for the association between @entity3840 expression and @entity5 recurrence, @entity14 -specific survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: In total, 29 studies, which had prognostic data on 5,648 @entity1 , met the inclusion criteria. @entity3840 -positive @entity1 were at an increased risk of @entity5 recurrence (n = 9 studies; HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.76-4.41; P < 0.001) and had poorer @entity14 -specific survival (n = 7; HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.82; P = 0.04). However, there was funnel plot asymmetry, possibly due to publication bias, for the association with @entity5 -specific survival but less so for recurrence. @entity3840 expression was not associated with overall survival [(n = 16; pooled unadjusted HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.94-1.79; P = 0.11) and (n = 9; pooled adjusted HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.72-1.45; P = 0.91)]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3840 expression was associated with an increased risk of @entity5 recurrence and poorer @entity14 -specific survival but not overall survival among @entity1 with @entity14 . However, confounding by @entity5 characteristics such as @entity5 stage seems likely. IMPACT: There is insufficient evidence to recommend @entity3840 expression as a prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity14 . Furthermore, studies providing adjusted results are required.

title: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) expression and survival among @entity14 XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There are several anecdotal reports of improvement in @entity3949 following a course of pentoxifylline therapy. Pentoxifylline theoretically could improve skin blood flow, thus reducing @entity63 at axonal endings. The authors used laser Doppler techniques to measure skin blood flow and measured sine wave current perception thresholds (CPTs) in pentoxifylline-treated @entity6 @entity1 with @entity16 . Twenty-four @entity1 completed a six-month course of treatment. These @entity1 had a predominantly "stocking" @entity16 ; all the major abnormalities on clinical, laser Doppler, and current perception testing were found on the lower extremity. Seventeen of the 24 @entity1 reported symptomatic improvement. A careful, graded neurologic examination confirmed that improvement, with a decrease in symptom score on the lower extremity (SSDW) from a baseline of 5.0 +/- 0.7 to 3.5 +/- 0.7 (p < 0.01) and of physical score (PSDW) from baseline 22.0 +/- 2.0 to 16.0 +/- 1.9 (p < 0.01) after six months. On the lower extremity, there was an increase in laser Doppler measured flow score (FS) both at 35 degrees and at 44 degrees C. FSDW (35 degrees) increased from 10 +/- 2 to 14 +/- 3 at six months (p < 0.05). FSDW (44 degrees) increased from 58 +/- 5 to 77 +/- 7 at six months (p < 0.01). There was an improvement in sine wave current perception measured by current perception threshold score (TS). TSDW dropped from 150 +/- 32 to 84 +/- 28 at six months (p < 0.03). In @entity1 with @entity3949 , pentoxifylline appears to improve skin blood flow. Current perception thresholds improve in tandem, corroborating improvement in clinical neurologic findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Skin blood flow and current perception in pentoxifylline-treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic sensory neuropathy']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined gender-specific combined effects of smoking and @entity101 on risk of mortality from @entity65 in elderly Korean @entity1 and @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: This study followed a cohort of 6097 residents (2593 @entity1 , 3504 @entity1 ) in the general population of Kangwha County, aged >= 55 years in March 1985 and examined their cause-specific mortality for 20.8 years, up to December 31, 2005. All @entity1 were followed up more than once after the 1985 survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We calculated hazard ratios for mortality for the combined sets of smoking habits and blood pressure levels using the Cox proportional-hazard model. The set of non-smokers with normal blood pressure served as a reference group. RESULTS: During the 20.8 years of follow-up, 759 @entity1 died from @entity65 . The risk of mortality from @entity65 and @entity64 according to smoking or @entity101 was not different between @entity1 and @entity1 . However, the risk among smokers combined with @entity101 was higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 ; the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for mortality from @entity65 and @entity64 were 4.52 (1.67-12.21) and 6.37 (1.57-25.85) in @entity1 and 2.11 (1.37-3.24) and 2.41 (1.44-4.01) in @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of the joint effects of smoking and @entity101 on @entity65 and @entity64 mortality was different between @entity1 and @entity1 . This study suggests that combining quitting smoking with lowering blood pressure could contribute to preventing @entity65 and @entity64 , especially in @entity1 .

title: Gender-specific combined effects of smoking and XXXX on @entity65 mortality in elderly Koreans: THe Kangwha Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The B-subunit of the cholera toxin molecule ( @entity12338 ) has T-cell immunomodulatory properties. Because the pathogenesis of @entity6 in the nonobese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 model of @entity1723 is thought to be a T-cell-mediated process due to an imbalance of immunoregulatory and anti-islet effector cells, we examined the effect of @entity12338 administration on the development of @entity6 in the NOD @entity19 and assessed whether this potential @entity6 -sparing effect of @entity12338 is mediated by changes in immunoregulatory and/or anti-islet cytotoxic effector cell activity. The administration of either intravenous or intraperitoneal @entity12338 decreased the development of @entity6 with no apparent @entity137 . At 6 months of age, only 18% of @entity12338 vs. 75% of saline-treated animals had @entity6 . Histopathological examination revealed less islet atrophy in @entity12338 -treated animals. The in vitro proliferative responses of mononuclear splenocytes and thymocytes to concanavalin A and lipolysaccharide and the proportion of B-cells and T-cell subsets were not altered by @entity12338 treatment. @entity12338 administration did not inhibit the primary immunization of @entity19 to @entity116 toxoid. The development of @entity6 in irradiated NOD @entity19 was slower in the animals injected with spleen cells (SC) from @entity12338 -treated than from saline-treated NOD @entity19 , suggesting that @entity12338 decreases anti-islet effector cell activity. The injection of SC from @entity12338 -treated @entity19 inhibited the adoptive transfer of @entity6 by SC from @entity6 @entity19 into irradiated NOD @entity19 , documenting that @entity12338 administration induces regulatory cell activity. In conclusion, @entity12338 administration prevents the development of @entity6 in NOD @entity19 by inhibiting the immune destruction of islets. This islet-sparing activity appears mediated, at least in part, by the induction of regulatory cells and, in turn, suppression of anti-islet effector cells, which is not associated with generalized immunosuppression or T- or B-cell depletion.

title: The B-subunit of cholera toxin induces immunoregulatory cells and prevents XXXX in the NOD @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy as prophylaxis against @entity1150 or @entity1151 in surgical and high risk medical @entity1 . DESIGN: Overviews of all randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy that could have been available by March 1990 and in which @entity1150 was assessed systematically. SETTING: 53 trials (total 8400 @entity1 ) of an average of two weeks of antiplatelet therapy versus control in general or orthopaedic surgery; nine trials (600 patients) of antiplatelet therapy versus control in other types of immobility; 18 trials (1000 @entity1 ) of one antiplatelet regimen versus another. RESULTS: Overall, a few weeks of antiplatelet therapy produced a highly significant (2P < 0.00001) reduction in @entity1150 . 25% of patients allocated antiplatelet therapy versus 34% of appropriately adjusted controls had @entity1150 detected by systematic fibrinogen scanning or venography, representing prevention in about 90 @entity1 per 1000 allocated antiplatelet therapy. There was an even greater proportional reduction in @entity1151 : such emboli were detected among 47 (1.0%) antiplatelet allocated @entity1 versus an adjusted control total of 129 (2.7%), representing prevention among about 17 @entity1 per 1000 treated (2P < 0.00001). In analyses confined to surgical trials, the proportional reductions were similar and separately significant for @entity1151 (0.7% antiplatelet therapy v 1.8% control; 2P < 0.00001) and for @entity204 attributed to @entity1151 (0.2% v 0.9%; 2P = 0.0001). There was a slight but non-significant excess of @entity204 from other causes (1.0% v 0.7%), which made the difference in total mortality nonsignificant, though still favourable (1.2% v 1.5%). Information on adding antiplatelet therapy to heparin was limited but, at least for @entity1151 , suggested more protection from the combination than from heparin alone. The proportional reduction in the odds of suffering a @entity1150 was roughly the same in @entity1 having general surgery, traumatic orthopaedic surgery, and elective orthopaedic surgery (and in medical @entity1 who were at increased risk of @entity1031 ). For @entity1151 the numbers affected were smaller, but again the reductions were highly significant both in general surgery (16 (0.5%) v 58 (1.7%) @entity1151 ; 2P < 0.0001) and in orthopaedic surgery (28 (2.7%) v 63 (6.1%) @entity1151 ; 2P < 0.0002). CONCLUSION: It had previously been supposed that antiplatelet therapy did not influence @entity1211 , and many surgeons and physicians do not use it routinely for thromboprophylaxis, even for @entity1 who are at substantial risk of @entity1150 or @entity1151 . These results indicate that antiplatelet therapy--either alone or, for greater effect, in addition to other proved forms of thromboprophylaxis (such as subcutaneous heparin)--should be considered.

title: Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy--III: Reduction in venous thrombosis and XXXX by antiplatelet prophylaxis among surgical and medical patients. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli', 'nonfatal pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: In the present work the metabolic response of @entity9150 to deletion of the global transcriptional regulator McbR, which controls, e.g. the expression of enzymes of @entity1853 and @entity462 biosynthesis and @entity599 assimilation, was studied. Several oxidative stress proteins were significantly upregulated among about 40 proteins in response to deletion of McbR. Linked to this oxidative stress, the mutant exhibited a 50 % reduced growth rate, a 30 % reduced @entity413 uptake rate and a 30 % reduced biomass yield. It also showed metabolic flux rerouting in response to the deletion. @entity1110 metabolism was strongly altered. In contrast to the wild-type, the deletion strain supplied significantly more @entity1110 than required for anabolism, indicating the activity of additional @entity1110 -consuming reactions. These involved enzymes of oxidative stress protection. Through redirection of metabolic @entity505 flux in the central catabolism, including a 40 % increased @entity6626 ( @entity2974 ) cycle flux, the mutant revealed an enhanced @entity1110 supply to provide redox power for the antioxidant systems. This, however, was not sufficient to compensate for the oxidative stress, as indicated by the drastically disturbed redox equilibrium. The @entity1110 / @entity1110 + ratio in @entity9150 DeltamcbR was only 0.29, and thus much lower than that of the wild-type (2.35). Similarly, the @entity2125 / @entity2125 + ratio was substantially reduced from 0.18 in the wild-type to 0.08 in the mutant. Deletion of McbR is regarded as a key step towards biotechnological @entity1853 overproduction in @entity9150 . @entity9150 DeltamcbR, however, did not overproduce @entity1853 ; this was very likely linked to the low availability of @entity1110 . Since oxidative stress is often observed in industrial production processes, engineering of @entity1110 metabolism could be a general strategy for improvement of production strains. Unlike the wild-type, @entity9150 DeltamcbR contained large granules with high @entity3151 content. The storage of these energy-rich @entity36248 is probably the result of a large excess of formation of @entity855 , as revealed by estimation of the underlying fluxes linked to energy metabolism.

title: Physiological response of XXXX to oxidative stress induced by deletion of the transcriptional repressor McbR.

entities_list: @entity9150 :: ('1718', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium glutamicum', 'C. glutamicum']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity36248 :: ('MESH:D011122', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphosphates']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity9150 :: (1718,Species) :: ['Corynebacterium glutamicum']


abstract: We investigated the effect of antagonists of @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) MZ-J-7-138 and JV-1-92 on @entity1 @entity1 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) xenografted orthotopically into @entity19 . Treatment with MZ-J-7-138 or JV-1-92 inhibited orthotopic growth of H460 @entity1149 by 52-65% (P < 0.001) and was associated with a significant decrease in protein expression of @entity984 , @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) and phospho-Akt (pAkt). In other experiments, treatment with MZ-J-7-138 or @entity1205 reduced @entity5 volume of s.c. xenografted H460 @entity1 @entity1149 by 30-36% (P < 0.01). The combination of MZ-J-7-138 and @entity1205 resulted in a synergistic growth inhibition of H460 @entity1149 xenografts of 63%. MZ-J-7-138 alone or in combination with @entity1205 significantly reduced protein levels of @entity984 , @entity3840 , and pAkt by 56-63%. @entity1205 given singly diminished the protein levels only of @entity3840 and did not affect @entity984 and pAkt. High-affinity binding sites, mRNA, and protein expression of pituitary @entity7704 receptors and its splice variant (SV) 1 were found in @entity1 . @entity1 @entity1149 cells contained @entity7704 peptide, and its growth was significantly inhibited in vitro by 10 microM MZ-J-7-138 (P < 0.001). Serum @entity442 ( @entity442 ) was not reduced by either @entity7704 antagonists. These findings suggest that antiproliferative effects of @entity7704 antagonists in H460 @entity1149 are associated with down-regulation of @entity984 , @entity3840 , and pAkt. In conclusion, @entity7704 antagonists in combination with @entity1205 synergistically inhibit growth of H460 @entity1149 and the expression of @entity984 , @entity3840 , and pAkt, which might abrogate the signal transduction pathways for cell growth stimulation and therapeutic resistance.

title: Synergistic inhibition of growth of lung carcinomas by antagonists of @entity7704 in combination with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['GHRH', 'growth hormone-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF1', 'insulin-like growth factor 1']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: The @entity137 of 31 @entity11572 was studied by electro-rotation of @entity375 cells. Control @entity375 cells show both anti-field and co-field rotation, depending upon the field frequency applied. After treatment with supra-threshold amounts of @entity11572 the anti-field rotation is weakened or abolished and a stronger co-field rotation can be seen. The proportion of cells showing the co-field rotation was found to be a sensitive measure of @entity137 . Doses of 2.2 mumol/l of @entity211 , or of 0.3 mumol/l of @entity49492 were detectable after 3 h incubation at pH 4.0. At a given pH, the @entity137 of the @entity16648 correlated extremely well with their @entity10333 :water partition coefficients (Pow). The complete set of @entity11572 showed fair overall correlation with Pow, but less good correlation with their acidity constants (pKa). In particular the @entity137 of a given @entity3971 was less than predicted from its pKa if the incubation pH was higher than the pKa. Biochemical assays on 23 of the @entity11572 showed that the rotational sensitivity runs closely parallel to the sensitivities of cell growth rate and of the plasmamembrane ATPase, but less closely to the inhibition of @entity10043 incorporation. It appears that the electro-rotation method provides a useful and rapid test for the presence of organic ecotoxins. The test enables us to distinguish differences between single cells, and is comparable in sensitivity to biochemical tests that use vesicles or homogenates derived from a cell population.

title: The comparative influence of substituted @entity11572 (especially @entity16648 ) on XXXX cells assayed by electro-rotation and other methods.

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16648 :: ('MESH:D002733', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophenols']

entities_list: @entity49492 :: ('MESH:C098189', 'Chemical') :: ['pentabromophenol']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) are thought to be distributed throughout lymphoid and most nonlymphoid tissues. Single cell suspensions were prepared from @entity19 hearts and kidneys. Subsets of MHC class II-positive (Ia+) leukocytes from both sources expressed markers such as CDw32 Fc receptors, @entity47926 ( @entity3804 / @entity12213 ). The capacity of these cells to initiate primary in vitro immune responses was assessed using oxidative mitogenesis and allogeneic mixed leukocyte responses. After fractionation by density centrifugation, cell sorting, immunomagnetic bead separation, or cell panning, the stimulatory activity of kidney cell suspensions was found to reside in the low density, Ia+ leukocyte fractions after overnight culture (day 1). In contrast, freshly isolated (day 0) cells had considerably less or no activity in these assays. However, depletion of Ia+ or @entity8236 + cells on day 0 followed by overnight culture removed the stimulatory activity on day 1. Therefore, day 0 kidney cells contain Ia+ leukocytes that can acquire or up-regulate their stimulatory activity during overnight culture. Similar observations were made for cells isolated from hearts, except that a population of uncharacterized nonleukocytes with stimulatory activity was detected on day 0 but not day 1. The phagocytic capacity of the leukocytes was then examined. Subsets of Ia+ cells phagocytosed zymosan, as shown by two-color flow cytometry and other immunofluorescence studies, and the zymosan-positive cells from kidney were able to initiate primary responses. Overall, these data demonstrate the existence of DC in kidneys and hearts, and suggest that in situ these cells resemble immature rather than mature DC.

title: Isolation and characterization of dendritic cells from XXXX heart and kidney.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Six @entity1 with @entity521 of the olfactory nerve ( @entity4236 ) are presented who were irradiated between 1983 and 1986 at the Medical Radiologic Institute of T  bingen. Clinical manifestations, diagnostics, histology, therapy, and courses are compared and discussed with regard to a survey of literature. An attempt is made to find out the value of radiotherapy in the treatment of this rare disease. In stage A ( @entity5 restricted to the nasal cavity, 1 @entity1 ), a @entity5 control of up to now 28 months could be achieved by a treatment combination of surgery and radiotherapy. A treatment consisting of surgery or radiotherapy alone should even in this stage only be performed in connection with a close follow-up because of the increased local recurrence risk. @entity5 of stage B (manifestation in the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses) did not occur in this group of @entity1 . Five @entity1 suffered from @entity5 of stage C ( @entity5 extent beyond the paranasal sinuses). A good palliative effect was obtained temporarily by radiotherapy alone in three out of these @entity1 showing large inoperable @entity5 and rapidly progressing clinical symptoms. A complete remission now lasting 16 months was achieved only in one @entity1 by radical surgery with unilateral evisceration of orbit and homogeneous postirradiation. In case of stage C @entity5 it is recommended to perform, if possible, a radical @entity5 excision with evisceration of orbit in case of unilateral manifestation in the orbit and a postirradiation applying a radical, large volume technique. In order to reduce the risk of radiogenic cerebral necroses, it should be attempted to avoid dose maxima as they can occur when applying a combined ventro-dorsal and lateral irradiation technique.

title: [ @entity521 of the olfactory nerve. Radiotherapy experiences in 6 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity1 heart secretes both atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. This study attempts to clarify the pathophysiological significance of the peptides in @entity65 . Using immunoradiometric assay, plasma brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide levels in essential @entity101 , various secondary @entity101 , @entity177 , @entity712 during cardiac pacing, and acute @entity583 were determined. Mean plasma brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide levels in healthy subjects were 3.7 +/- 0.3 and 5.7 +/- 0.3 pmol/L, respectively, and increased as a function of age. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels showed a larger increase than atrial natriuretic peptide levels in various @entity65 . In @entity177 , whereas plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels decreased significantly after hemodialysis and were correlated with the changes in body weight, changes in plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels were less prominent and did not show such a correlation. In @entity712 , both basal plasma brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide levels were also significantly elevated. However, in response to acute ventricular or atrial pacing, brain natriuretic peptide levels did not show any increase in contrast to the marked increase of atrial natriuretic peptide levels. In acute @entity583 , brain natriuretic peptide levels showed more prominent changes than atrial natriuretic peptide levels and were correlated with serum levels of @entity908 kinase and cardiac myosin light chain I in most @entity1 . These results suggest that both brain and atrial natriuretic peptides play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']