abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To observe the survival and the differentiation of grafted bone marrow cells (BM-MNCs) in host myocardium. To observe whether BM-MNCs transplantation can potentially cause @entity943 and whether the BM-MNCs transplantation can alter the spatial distribution of connexins, important mediator for @entity943 genesis after @entity583 . Methods: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation in hybrid @entity235 . BM-MNCs suspension was prepared by density centrifugation. The BM-MNCs were labeled with CM-DiI. Sixteen hybrid @entity235 were randomly divided into transplantation group and control group. BM-MNCs (transplantation group, n=10) or saline (control group, n=6) were intracoronarily infused into @entity1188 related artery at 2 hours after @entity583 . At 6 weeks after @entity583 , @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) was induced in @entity1188 area and periinfarct area. The effective refractive period (ERP) of different areas in myocardium was assessed and the expression of @entity22602 ( @entity22602 ) was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Six weeks after the BM-MNCs transplantation, CM-DiI labeled BM-MNCs were mainly located within periinfarct and @entity1188 area. Some BM-MNCs were positive for @entity22602 . Combined" CM-DiI and @entity2823 " in images were observed. @entity2224 was induced in 2 out of the 10 @entity235 in transplantation group and in 2 out of the 6 @entity235 in control group in @entity1188 area. @entity2224 was not induced in periinfarct area of both groups. The ERP of @entity1188 area ((85.0  9.3) ms vs. (90.0  7.1)ms, P>0.05), periinfarct area (87.8  9.4 vs. 90.0  7.1, P>0.05) and normal area (85.0  12.0 vs. 88.3  9.4, P>0.05) was similar between transplantation group and control group. The expression of @entity22602 in normal area was similar between transplantation group and control group (3 543.7  446.0 vs. 3 431.7  421.5, P>0.05). The expression of @entity22602 in periinfarct area of transplantation group was significantly higher than that in control group (2 312.5  412.0 vs. 1 356.2  332.7, P<0.05), but was still much less than in normal area (2 312.5  412.0 vs. 3 543.7  446.0, P<0.05). The expression of @entity22602 in @entity1188 area was similar between transplantation group and control group (327.0  98.7 vs. 311.3  78.7, P>0.05). Conclusions: The implanted BM-MNCs could survive in the @entity4798 and differentiate into cells expressing @entity22602 .In transplanted group, @entity2224 was not induced in periinfarct area. ERP of @entity1188 area, periinfarct area and normal area is similar between two groups. The expression of @entity22602 in periinfarct area was significantly higher in transplantation group than that in control group.

title: [Effect of intracoronary autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation on XXXX in @entity235 ].

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted lesion']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myocardial infarction', 'AMI', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To clarify whether a new @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) providing 3D images for telemedical use constitutes a more correct expression of the clinical situation compared to standard telemedical equipment in this case iPhone 4s. METHOD: We investigated intra- and interindividual variability between the new portable camera and the iPhone images vs. clinical assessment as the 'gold standard'. The study included 36 foot @entity1066 . Four specialists rated the @entity1066 and filled out a questionnaire, which formed the basis of the evaluation. RESULTS: We found fair to very good intra-rater agreement for the new @entity1652 and iPhone, respectively. The gold standard was evaluated by assessing the @entity1066 twice by two different specialists. Kappa values were moderate to very good with respect to inter-rater agreement except for two variables. The agreement between standard and new equipment compared to the gold standard showed highest agreement with the new @entity1652 . CONCLUSION: The new @entity1652 is more in accordance with the clinical assessment compared to standard images. It opens for the possibility of using more advanced techniques in a telemedical approach to @entity1066 treatment and care, including volume measurements.

title: Validation of a new imaging device for telemedical XXXX monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['portable imaging device', 'PID']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: Clinical trials for the treatment of @entity161 now often include cognitive assessments in addition to clinical ratings of symptoms. Recently, these trials have included cross-national assessments. It is not clear if translated psychological tests produce consistent results across different languages. This paper presents the results of a study of the comparability of the results of cognitive assessments in different English-speaking countries and a number of countries where tests were translated into other languages. Performance on tests of executive functioning, verbal and visuo-spatial learning and memory, language skills, psychomotor speed, and vigilance was compared across the first episode @entity1 with @entity161 (n = 301) assessed in six different languages (English, French, Finnish, German, Hebrew, and Afrikaans), including two different countries where @entity1 were assessed in English and other languages: Canada (French) and South Africa (Afrikaans). The variance in performance across the sites tested in English was as large as the variance between English and non-English speakers when all tests were considered. Performance differences across English and other languages were found only for executive functions, vigilance, and psychomotor speed, with executive functioning differences nonsignificant when education was considered. No differences were found between English and non-English speakers in Canada. These results suggest that the translation of tests of memory and verbal skills can lead to consistent results across translated versions of the tests. Differences between countries were greater than differences between languages, suggesting the need to consider representativeness of @entity1 samples in terms of local educational attainment. In general, these data support the validity of cross-national neuropsychological assessments.

title: Cross-national cognitive assessment in XXXX clinical trials: a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Transgender (TG) @entity1 often receive, or self-treat, with cross-sex hormone (CSH) treatments as part of their treatment plans, with little known about their incidence of @entity0 . This information gap can lead to disparities in the provision of transgender health care. The purpose of the study was to examine the incidence of @entity0 in the largest North American sample of TG @entity1 studied to date to determine their exposure to CSH, incidence of @entity0 , and to compare results with European studies in transsexual populations. We used Veterans Health Administration (VHA) data from 5,135 TG veterans in the United States from 1996 to 2013 to determine the incidence of @entity0 in this population. Chart reviews were completed on all @entity1 who developed @entity0 . Age-standardized incidences of @entity0 from the general population were used for comparison. @entity1 -years of exposure to known CSH treatment were calculated. Ten @entity0 cases were confirmed. Seven were in female-to-male @entity1 , two in male-to-female @entity1 , and one in a natal male with transvestic fetishism. Average age at diagnosis was 63.8 (SD  =  8.2). 52  % received >1 dose of CSH treatment from VHA clinicians. All three males presented with late-stage disease were proved fatal. The overall incidence rate was 20.0/100,000 @entity1 -years of VHA treatment (95  % CI 9.6-36.8), irrespective of VA CSH treatment. This rate did not differ from the expected rate in an age-standardized national sample, but exceeded that reported for smaller European studies of transsexual @entity1 that were longer in duration. Although definitive conclusions cannot be made regarding @entity0 incidence in TG veterans who did or did not receive VA CSH due to the sample size and duration of observation, it appears that TG veterans do not display an @entity0 incidence. This is consistent with European studies of longer duration that conclude that CSH treatment in gender @entity55840 @entity1 of either birth sex does not result in a greater incidence than the general population.

title: Incidence of XXXX in a cohort of 5,135 transgender veterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Person', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['increase in breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological factors and @entity146 play a role in a variety of @entity344 , including @entity1208 . AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of @entity354 in @entity1 with @entity161 in @entity233 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-eight @entity1 with @entity161 and one hundred control individuals were enrolled in the study, which was undertaken at the Manisa State Hospital for Mental Health and @entity16 and Celal Bayar University Gastroenterology Department. Case and control subjects alike underwent 30-45 min oral interviews conducted by a designated study coordinator (E.K.). The coordinator gathered information about demographic characteristics, social habits, and a large variety of symptoms suggestive of @entity354 or other @entity344 . RESULTS: In terms of reflux symptoms, cough was the only significant association in @entity161 @entity1 than controls. Heartburn and regurgitation were more frequent in @entity161 @entity1 who smoked than in controls who were smokers. However, the prevalence of reflux symptoms in cigarette smokers versus nonsmoker @entity1 with @entity161 was similar. Heartburn and/or regurgitation occurred more frequently in @entity1 with @entity161 than controls with @entity167 use. CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 might indirectly affect esophageal physiology through increased consumption of @entity167 and @entity1239 .

title: XXXX and @entity354 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'Psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal conditions', 'gastrointestinal illnesses']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal diseases']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms', 'reflux disease']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: The incidence and mortality, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of @entity295 and the @entity1850 are reviewed, and the use of antiendotoxin monoclonal antibodies to treat @entity1 with @entity295 is discussed. The @entity1850 and @entity326 are induced by the presence of endotoxin, a lipopolysaccharide found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Proper management of gram-negative @entity295 includes appropriate antimicrobial therapy, fluids and electrolytes, nutritional support, administration of vasopressors, and mechanical ventilation if necessary. To date, two antiendotoxin monoclonal antibodies have been produced and subjected to extensive clinical testing. HA-1A, a @entity1 cell line-derived monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody that contains only a small fragment of @entity19 protein, was tested in one trial. HA-1A significantly reduced mortality in @entity1 with @entity295 and @entity2259 and produced better resolution of major morbidities than placebo in those @entity1 . E5, an IgM antibody produced entirely via murine monoclonal antibody technology, was evaluated in two trials. Results from the first trial showed that E5 significantly reduced mortality in @entity1 with gram-negative @entity281 who were not in @entity1457 . In contrast, results from the second trial did not show any significant reduction in mortality among @entity1 with gram-negative @entity281 who received E5. However, resolution of major morbidities occurred more frequently among E5 recipients in both trials. HA-1A and E5 were both well tolerated in the trials. The cost of therapy is expected to be  3000- 4000 per treatment course. The antiendotoxin monoclonal antibodies represent the next step along the path toward important reductions in morbidity and mortality from gram-negative @entity281 . However, the financial implications of the use of HA-1A and E5 are enormous, and stringent @entity1 selection criteria for administration of these products will have to be developed.

title: Gram-negative @entity295 , the XXXX , and the role of antiendotoxin monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['refractory shock']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['gram-negative bacteremia']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['sepsis syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the opinions and current practice of pediatric rheumatologists regarding treatment of @entity1118 in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: Standardized questionnaires were distributed to pediatric rheumatologists who are members of the @entity1 's @entity625 and Rheumatology Research Alliance. Demographic data, opinions, and attitudes were solicited about @entity158 assessment, current treatment of @entity4932 with @entity158 , and actual use of opioids to treat @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity4932 . RESULTS: Of 99 rheumatologists who were contacted, 53 responses were received (53.5%). No significant demographic differences were found in attitudes about @entity158 management and use of opioids. A total of 77.3% of respondents agreed that there are @entity1 who continue to have significant @entity158 despite adequate treatment. However, 59.6% disagreed with the use of opioid analgesics for treatment of those @entity1 . Cross tabulations showed significant relationships between attitudes about opioid use and concerns for side effects, including drowsiness, @entity1295 , and @entity1142 (chi(2) = 1.16, P > 0.05), as well as addiction (chi(2) = 5.51, P = 0.019). Thirty percent of those who strongly disagreed with opioid use and 52.4% of those who disagreed had in fact prescribed opioids in the past year. The most commonly prescribed opioids were codeine and @entity1288 . Practitioners' perceived knowledge of the drugs significantly affected their likelihood to prescribe them. CONCLUSION: Pediatric rheumatologists are divided in their attitudes regarding treatment of @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity4932 . Concern for side effects appears to be a major factor in the decision to prescribe these analgesics. More data are needed to facilitate clearer cost-benefit analyses in the decision to prescribe opioids to this clinical population.

title: Treatment of @entity158 in XXXX : a survey of pediatric rheumatologists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['residual pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed release @entity4184 was approved by the FDA for the treatment of mildly to moderately active @entity30 involving the ileum and ascending colon. Controlled trials have demonstrated that @entity4184 is effective in inducing remission and for maintenance of remission, with less frequent @entity134 side effects than conventional @entity230 . We sought to determine the benefit of this medication in clinical practice and to identify any non-FDA-approved uses that may warrant further study. METHODS: @entity1 in whom oral @entity4184 was prescribed between November 1, 2001 and October 31, 2002, were identified and medical records were reviewed. @entity1 were categorized by indication for therapy: @entity30 (group 1), @entity30 elsewhere (group 2), and other conditions (group 3). RESULTS: A total of 225 @entity1 were identified (108 in group 1, 62 in group 2, and 55 in group 3). Group 3 included @entity1 with @entity3178 (n = 28), @entity5042 (n = 13), @entity31 (n = 12), and @entity1593 (n = 2). A favorable outcome occurred in 61% of group 1 @entity1 but only 24% of @entity1 in group 2. In group 3, only @entity3178 @entity1 and @entity5042 @entity1 experienced response rates >50% (77% and 60%, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity4184 is effective in a majority of @entity1 with @entity30 and @entity3178 , which is consistent with results reported from clinical trials. A majority of @entity1 with @entity5042 also benefit from @entity4184 therapy, but prospective controlled trials are necessary to clarify the benefit in this group.

title: XXXX in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: the first year of experience in clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic colitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["ileocolonic Crohn's disease", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['Budesonide']


abstract: @entity13526 has a wide variety of severe @entity149 . A worldwide @entity2462 epidemic from 1963 to 1965 affected thousands of @entity1 . This is a 20 year follow up study of @entity1 with @entity13526 analysing the prevalence of @entity74 , associated systemic problems, and correlations among these defects. The authors statistically analysed 125 cases of @entity13526 seen in the Mayo clinic ophthalmology department over a 32 year interval. Most @entity1 were young adults. @entity2194 was the most commonly noted disorder (78%), followed by @entity1274 (66%), @entity1155 (62%), @entity299 (58%), and @entity1032 (42%). Multiorgan disease was typical (88%). @entity2194 and @entity393 were frequently associated (53% had both) but not significantly correlated. A similar association existed between ocular and @entity299 . @entity231 and @entity4353 were significantly correlated with poor visual acuity (each p < 0.0001). @entity726 was significantly correlated with @entity231 (p = 0.0002) and @entity4353 (p = 0.0024) but not poor visual acuity. Four @entity1 with @entity4353 developed late onset @entity726 . No significant association was found between gestational age at time of @entity281 and the incidence of individual ocular conditions. However, several @entity299 were significantly associated with gestational age. Although new cases of @entity13526 are rare, surviving victims continue to challenge the ophthalmic and medical communities with a wide range of @entity2788 .

title: XXXX : ophthalmic manifestations and associated @entity74 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'Cataracts']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic and systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'cardiac abnormalities', 'cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['maternal infection']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['ocular and systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing deficits']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic disorders']

entities_list: @entity13526 :: ('MESH:D012410', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital rubella syndrome', 'congenital rubella syndrome', 'congenital rubella']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity13526 :: (MESH:D012410,Disease) :: ['Congenital rubella syndrome']


abstract: Positive patch tests to @entity9732 (SMB) are frequent. Standard series patch testing to SMB in 1751 @entity1 showed 71 reactions interpreted as positive and @entity56 . 33 (46.5%) reactions were originally reported as relevant and 38 (53.5%) were of unexplained relevance depending on the presence or absence of identifiable sources responsible for the presenting @entity1909 . A breakdown of these findings is presented. An additional detailed study of the sources of SMB in the environment and a retrospective analysis of these results have been undertaken to identify further, possibly overlooked sources of SMB exposure based on the occupational and recreational history. Most of the positive reactions in the relevant group were attributed to the use of Trimovate cream (63%). 5 @entity1 (13%) with positive reactions in the unexplained relevance group were potentially exposed to SMB in local anaesthetic solutions while at work. 3 @entity1 in the unexplained relevance group (7.8%) and 4 (12.1%) in the relevant group had potential for occupational exposure to SMB as bakers or caterers. Overall, occupational exposure was considered as a possible source of sensitization in 10 (26.3%) @entity1 in the unexplained relevance group. We propose that sensitization to SMB from parenteral solutions and occupational exposure from food handling may account for some of the otherwise unexplained positive patch test reactions. A detailed occupational history should be therefore be sought in otherwise unexplained positive reactions to SMB. We also propose that it is worthwhile including SMB in our standard series in the UK.

title: XXXX allergy is common but is it relevant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity9732 :: ('MESH:C005200', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium metabisulfite']

answer: @entity9732 :: (MESH:C005200,Chemical) :: ['Sodium metabisulfite']


abstract: @entity263 has a varied natural history. @entity1 with similar serum @entity1486 levels, clinical stages, and histologic features in their tissue specimens can have markedly different outcomes. While @entity263 is lethal in some @entity1 , most @entity1 die with @entity5 rather than because of it. Moreover, histologically apparent @entity5 can be found in the prostate glands of approximately 42% of @entity1 over 50 years of age who die from other causes, but the lifetime risk that a @entity1 in the US will be diagnosed with @entity263 is estimated to be 11% and the risk of dying from the disease is only 3.1%. Consequently, appropriate disease management requires risk assessment. How likely is it that a given @entity1 's @entity5 will progress or @entity3 over his remaining lifetime? What is the probability of successful treatment? What are the risks of adverse effects and complications of each treatment? Physicians use a variety of clinical and pathologic parameters to assess the risk that a given @entity5 poses to an individual @entity1 . In addition to the accepted parameters of serum @entity1486 level, clinical staging, and pathologic grading and staging, @entity1486 doubling time has emerged as an important factor in the evaluation of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity263 or @entity263 that recurs after treatment. @entity1486 doubling time can also be used as a surrogate marker for @entity263 -specific death. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of @entity1486 doubling time as a prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: XXXX doubling time as a prognostic marker in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: AIM: To establish a cell line of @entity12047 . METHODS: The proliferating membranes striped from @entity96 in a naturally infected @entity742 from Urumq were released to monodispersed germinal cells by grinding. The germinal cells were cultivated in the RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%-20% calf serum on collagen-coated 24-well culture plate alternately from passage 1 to passage 14, and then continued. The morphological feature and growth situation were observed by light microscopy. The cultured cells were inoculated into BALB/c @entity19 to identify the infectivity. ELISA was used to determine the immunogenicity of the cells. RESULTS: The germinal cells have been cultivated continuously up to passage 75. The subcultured cells were circular in shape with smooth surface and had the tendency to form syncytia and tissue-like masses. The cells from this cell line could be stored for at least 15 days in refrigerator at 4 degrees C and 10 months in liquid @entity1568 . No cyst materials were detected in the @entity19 inoculated with cells. The antigens from cell line could react with positive sera from @entity19 infected with protoscoleces and sera against secreted antigens of cyst membrane, soluble antigens from cyst membrane, soluble antigens from protoscoleces and SHF. CONCLUSION: A germinal cell line of @entity12047 was successfully established.

title: [Establishment of germinal cell line of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cysts']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

answer: @entity12047 :: (6210,Species) :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']


abstract: The effects of protein and fat on glycemic responses have not been studied systematically. Therefore, our aim was to determine the dose-response effects of protein and fat on the glycemic response elicited by 50 g @entity413 in @entity1 and whether subjects' fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and diet influenced the results. Nondiabetic @entity1 , 10 with FPI < [corrected] or =40 pmol/L and 10 with FPI >40 pmol/L, were studied on 18 occasions after 10 14-h overnight fasts. Subjects consumed 50 g @entity413 dissolved in 250 mL water plus 0, 5, 10, or 30 g fat and/or 0, 5, 10, or 30 g protein. Each level of fat was tested with each level of protein. Dietary intake was measured using a 3-d food record. Gram per gram, protein reduced @entity413 responses approximately 2 times more than fat (P < 0.001) with no significant fat x protein interaction (P = 0.051). The effect of protein on glycemic responses was related to waist circumference (WC) (r = -0.56, P = 0.011) and intake of dietary fiber (r = -0.60, P = 0.005) but was unrelated to FPI or other nutrient intakes. The effect of fat on glycemic responses was related to FPI (r = 0.49, P = 0.029) but was unrelated to WC or diet. We conclude that, across the range of 0-30 g, protein and fat reduced glycemic responses independently from each other in a linear, dose-dependent fashion, with protein having approximately 3-times the effect of fat. A large protein effect was associated with high WC and high dietary-fiber intake, whereas a large fat effect was associated with low FPI. These conclusions may not apply to solid meals. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms for these effects.

title: The effects of fat and protein on glycemic responses in nondiabetic XXXX vary with waist circumference, fasting plasma insulin, and dietary fiber intake.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plerixafor (P) reduces mobilization failure rates but it is very expensive. For better utilization of P, we employed a risk-adaptive strategy of using it only in @entity1 who are at high risk of mobilization failure, defined by peripheral blood (PB) @entity2280 + cell count of fewer than 10 10(6)/L after 4 days of filgrastim (F) alone. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Herein, we present the results of efficacy and cost-benefit analysis of this risk-adaptive approach for @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) collection. All @entity1 received daily F for 4 days, and P was added for those "at-risk" @entity1 from Day 4 with apheresis commencing the following morning. F and P were continued daily for up to a maximum of 4 days or until more than 5 10(6) @entity2280 + cells/kg were collected. Forty-two transplant-eligible @entity1 underwent @entity1583 mobilization. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 mobilized with F alone and 24 @entity1 required P with F. Two @entity1 failed adequate @entity1583 mobilization after F+P. Addition of P increased the PB @entity2280 + count by 6.8-fold with a mean yield of 4.9 10(6) @entity2280 + cells/kg. Decision-analysis model estimated cost-effectiveness for this risk-adaptive approach of using P with savings of  19,300/ @entity1 . Engraftment after @entity1583 infusion was similar among the @entity1 regardless of mobilization regimens. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that addition of P to F based on a risk-adaptive strategy significantly reduces the frequency of mobilization failures and is also cost-effective.

title: Efficacy and cost-benefit analysis of risk-adaptive use of plerixafor for autologous XXXX mobilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HPC', 'hematopoietic progenitor cell']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic progenitor cell']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to assess the function of tissue plasminogen activator ( @entity35311 ) expression in @entity2023 . METHODS: Age-matched @entity35311 gene knock out ( @entity35311 (-/-)) and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 were sensitised four times, and then challenged for six weeks with @entity10663 . The controls were treated with saline instead of @entity10663 . The structural change in the nasal mucosa was investigated with @entity6175 and @entity1711 stain and van Gieson staining. @entity16372 ( @entity16372 ) and @entity15630 (plasminogen activator inhibitor) gene expression were measured by real time PCR. @entity1235 ( @entity1235 ) expression was tested with Western blotting and with real time PCR. RESULTS: After @entity10663 challenge for six weeks, compared with the @entity164 group, @entity35311 depletion increased collagen deposition and @entity1373 . @entity16372 and @entity15630 gene expression increased both in @entity35311 (-/-) and in @entity164 @entity19 after @entity10663 treatment. @entity1235 expression decreased greatly after @entity10663 challenge in @entity35311 (-/-) @entity19 . CONCLUSION: @entity35311 affects the nasal mucosa matrix reconstruction process in @entity2023 , with which @entity1235 is involved.

title: Tissue-type plasminogen activator depletion affects the nasal mucosa matrix reconstruction in XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['gland hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity16372 :: ('18792(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'u-PA']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: The genomes of @entity2247 and @entity3505 , two of the world's most important crops, are very large and complex due to their high content of repetitive DNA. In order to obtain a whole-genome sequence sample, we performed two runs of 454 (GS20) sequencing on genomic DNA of @entity2247 cv. Morex, which yielded approximately 1% of a haploid genome equivalent. Almost 60% of the sequences comprised known @entity1417 ( @entity1417 ) families, and another 9% represented novel repetitive sequences. We also discovered high amounts of low-complexity DNA and non-genic low-copy DNA. We identified almost 2300 protein coding gene sequences and more than 660 putative conserved non-coding sequences. Comparison of the 454 reads with previously published genomic sequences suggested that @entity1417 families are distributed unequally along chromosomes. This was confirmed by in situ hybridizations of selected TEs. A comparison of these data for the @entity2247 genome with a large sample of publicly available @entity3505 sequences showed that several @entity1417 families that are highly abundant in @entity3505 are absent from the @entity2247 genome. This finding implies that the @entity1417 composition of their genomes differs dramatically, despite their very similar genome size and their close phylogenetic relationship.

title: A whole-genome snapshot of 454 sequences exposes the composition of the @entity2247 genome and provides evidence for parallel evolution of genome size in XXXX and @entity2247 .

entities_list: @entity1417 :: ('MESH:C565217', 'Disease') :: ['TE', 'transposable element']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively determine if phase-sensitive inversion-recovery (IR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging eliminates the need to find the precise inversion time (TI) to null the signal of normal @entity1562 to achieve high contrast between infarcted and normal @entity1562 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Informed consent was obtained from each @entity1 for this prospective MR imaging research study, which was approved by the institutional review board. Twenty @entity1 (16 @entity1 ; four @entity1 ; mean age, 56 years +/- 12.3) who experienced Q-wave @entity583 2 weeks earlier were examined with a 1.5-T MR system 10 minutes after administration of 0.1 mmol per kilogram of body weight @entity23432 . To determine the optimal TI, a TI scout sequence was used. A segmented two-dimensional IR turbo fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence and a segmented two-dimensional IR true fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) sequence that produces both phase-sensitive and magnitude-reconstructed images were used at TI values of 200-600 msec (TI values were varied in 100-msec steps) and at optimal TI (mean value, 330 msec). Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of normal and @entity1188 and the area of @entity1188 were determined. Magnitude-reconstructed IR turbo FLASH images were compared with magnitude-reconstructed and phase-sensitive IR true FISP images. Two-tailed unpaired sample Student t test was used to compare CNRs, and two-tailed paired-sample Student t test was used to compare area of @entity1188 . RESULTS: Mean CNR of images acquired with IR turbo FLASH and IR true FISP (phase-sensitive and magnitude-reconstructed images) at optimal TI (mean value, 330 msec) were 6.6, 6.2, and 6.1, respectively. For a TI of 200 msec, CNR values were -4.3, -4.0, and 7.2, respectively; for TI of 600 msec, CNR values were 3.1, 3.3, and 4.3, respectively. Area of @entity1188 was underestimated on magnitude-reconstruction images (P = .002-.03) for short TI values (ie, 200 msec) for both sequences and for a TI of 300 msec for IR true FISP but not on phase-sensitive reconstructed IR true FISP images when compared with IR turbo FLASH images obtained at optimal TI. CONCLUSION: Phase-sensitive image reconstruction results in reduced need for precise choice of TI and more consistent image quality.

title: Phase-sensitive inversion-recovery MR imaging in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity23432 :: ('MESH:C064572', 'Chemical') :: ['gadobenate dimeglumine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarcted myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The extreme sensitivity of the developing @entity35 brain to @entity5 induction by @entity330 ( @entity331 ) has been ascribed to the relatively inefficient repair of the presumed promutagenic lesion @entity57964 from brain DNA. We have compared the brain of the newborn @entity35 with liver, kidney and lung with respect to the repair of other types of DNA lesions that @entity331 induces, namely single strand breaks and @entity75 . The induction and repair or loss of these lesions has been analysed by alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation using both mild as well as strong alkaline hydrolysis conditions. We found that @entity331 induces few lesions in the DNA of various organs that are detectable as breaks after mild alkaline hydrolysis. 24 h after @entity331 treatment such lesions are no longer detectable in brain DNA, while they are detectable in the DNA from other organs up to 10 days after @entity331 treatment. The number of @entity331 -induced lesions, detectable as breaks after strong alkaline hydrolysis, is far larger. These lesions were persistent in kidney DNA, disappeared slowly from liver DNA (t(1/2) = about 10 days), and more rapidly from brain and lung DNA (t(1/2) = 2-3 days). The latter result seems to be in contradiction with various reports that a large fraction of the @entity331 -induced @entity75 are stable in vivo. This difference between our results and those of others might be due to a difference between proliferating and non-proliferating cells. Whether the @entity75 are removed from brain and lung DNA by a specific repair mechanism or by other causes remains to be investigated.

title: Repair of XXXX -induced DNA damage in the newborn @entity35 . I. @entity75 and in situ breaks.

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['alkali-labile lesions']

entities_list: @entity57964 :: ('MESH:C007673', 'Chemical') :: ['O6-ethylguanine']

answer: @entity330 :: (MESH:D005038,Chemical) :: ['ethylnitrosourea']


abstract: 1. Fourteen @entity1 with @entity302 on a twice daily regimen of modified-release @entity2049 ( @entity2050 -MR. Tegretol Retard. Ciba Pharmaceuticals) completed a balanced, double-blind, double dummy, random order, crossover comparison of 8 weeks treatment with once (o.d.) and twice daily (b.d.) dosing. In order to obtain a profile of serum @entity2050 concentrations over 24 h on once daily dosing, @entity1 were randomised to taking it in the morning (o.d. a.m.) or evening (o.d. p.m.) for 4 weeks. Each treatment was taken with a placebo of the other and total tablet numbers were matched. Blood sampling was undertaken 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h after the morning tablets at the end of each 4 week treatment period. 2. Overall, trough serum drug concentrations (Cmin) were lower with once daily dosing (Cmin: b.d. 7.5 mg l-1, o.d. 6.5 mg l-1, P < 0.05, 95% CI of the difference -1.3 to -0.1), but no significant differences were found in average ( @entity3895 ) or peak (Cmax) concentrations, AUC values or fluctuations in @entity2050 concentrations. 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters for @entity2050 10.11 @entity4299 , the active metabolite of @entity2050 did not differ significantly between the dosage schedules. 4. @entity410 control was similar during once and twice daily dosing with @entity2050 -MR (median @entity410 /month (range): b.d. 1 (0-14.5), o.d. 0.5 (0-11), @entity7031 , 95% CI of the difference -1.8 to + 0.25). 5. There were no differences in psychomotor performance between the treatment periods. 6. More @entity1 (n = 11) preferred treatment (P < 0.05) with once daily than twice daily dosing (n = 3) with @entity2050 -MR. 7. Once daily dosing with @entity2050 -MR should be possible in the majority of @entity1 receiving the drug as monotherapy.

title: Double dummy comparison between once and twice daily dosing with modified-release XXXX in @entity302 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: AIM: To compair biological and clinical outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) and conventional on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CCABG) in the elderly with @entity1002 . MATERIAL OF STUDY: We retrospectively reviewed 90 consecutive @entity1 aged more than 75 years with preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting at our Institution between January 2000 and July 2009. According to operative technique, @entity1 were categorized in to the OPCABG group (39 @entity1 ) or in to the CCABG group (51 @entity1 ). We compared postoperative CK, CK-MB, troponin T serum levels and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). RESULTS: The overall in-hospital mortality was 2% (2/90) and was similar in both groups (p=0.8336). Mean troponin T levels at 6,24,48 hours after operation were significantly lower in the OPCABG group (p=0.0001; p=0.0021; p=0.0070, respectively). Overall survival was 77.6% at 10 years and no significant difference in MACCE was observed (p=0.3016). DISCUSSION: Our results show a lower incidence of @entity296 in OPCABG group, but there aren't differences in term of MACCE in both groups. Recent studies have indicated the advantages of OPCABG in the elderly @entity1 , reporting a @entity86 . However these studies not analyzed the impact of @entity1002 on early and late postoperative outcomes in high-risk @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In the elderly with @entity1002 , the OPCABG technique showed lower incidence of postoperative @entity296 . However, at the follow-up, this does not reflect any significant differences in incidence of MACCE. KEY WORDS: Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Coronary Artery Bypass, Off Pump, @entity67 , Left.

title: Biological and clinical outcomes in the elderly with left XXXX Are there differences between on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting?

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of postoperative morbidity and organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular Dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: The amyloid beta protein ( @entity26673 ) that is deposited in senile plaques and in cerebral vessels in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is derived from a larger membrane-associated glycoprotein, the amyloid beta protein precursor ( @entity477 ). The gene encoding @entity477 produces at least four major transcripts. Three of the four transcripts contain an alternatively-spliced exon encoding a Kunitz protease inhibitor domain (KPI). We now report the results of a series of experiments using novel immunohistochemical reagents to anatomically localize @entity26673 , @entity477 , and KPI-containing forms of @entity477 ( @entity477 ) in the hippocampal formation and temporal neocortex. A new monoclonal antibody against @entity26673 recognized senile plaques and vascular amyloid, but no cellular elements. Anti- @entity477 and anti-KPI monoclonal antibodies stained neurons, including proximal axons and dendrites. The neuritic component of some plaques in @entity1 with @entity195 and in elderly control individuals were also immunoreactive for both @entity477 and @entity477 . Quantitative assessment of senile plaques in temporal neocortex showed that, on average, about one-third of @entity26673 immunoreactive plaques stained with either anti- @entity477 or anti-KPI. Amyloid beta protein precursor and @entity477 immunoreactivity were also found in the white and grey matter vessels of both @entity195 @entity1 and control individuals. These results suggest that KPI-containing forms of @entity477 are present in @entity3986 of senile plaques, and normally in neurons, neuronal processes, and in the vascular compartment in the brain. Thus, @entity477 is in a position to be intimately associated with @entity26673 deposition in the neuropil, in plaques and in @entity2333 .

title: Kunitz protease inhibitor-containing amyloid beta protein precursor immunoreactivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic neurites']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid angiopathy']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Quantitative assessment of left @entity67 in @entity583 was made by computer analysis of the two-dimensional echocardiogram. @entity851 cross-sectional images of the left ventricle at the levels of the mitral valve, papillary muscle and apex were recorded by a phased array sector scanner in 20 @entity1 with @entity583 and ten normal controls. End cardial and epicardial outlines at end-diastole and end-systole were traced and analyzed by a computer system. @entity851 cross-sectional images of the left ventricle were divided equally into octants and analyzed with a fixed external reference system, using the center of gravity of end-diastolic left ventricular cavity and the axis intersecting this and the right side of the posterior interventricular septum as the reference point and line. @entity1347 , area, wall thickness and those changes during cardiac cycle were measured and calculated in each octants. Regional contractility of the left ventricle was evaluated by systolic percent change of segmental hemiaxis, area and wall thickness. These parameters were significantly reduced in the @entity1188 segments documented by left ventriculography and electrocardiography. The area method is better than the hemiaxis system in both reproducibility and variability. The center of gravity of the left ventricular cavity determined by the computer shifted slightly towards the anterior wall during systole in normal subjects, possibly reflecting anterior swinging motion of the entire heart. The center of the gravity of the left ventricular cavity in @entity583 showed the tendency to shift towards the @entity1188 region, suggesting the possibility that the location of asynergic area can be detected by determining the direction of the gravity center shift during systole in @entity1 with a single @entity1188 . This finding gives a basis of using the fixed reference system for the detection of asynergy. The use of computers for the analysis of short-axis two-dimensional echocardiographic images is very useful for the quantification of regional contractility of the left ventricle in a clinical setting.

title: [Computer analysis of wo-dimensional echocardiogram for the quantitative evaluation of left @entity67 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Short-axis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Segmental hemiaxis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular asynergy']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: First-generation drug-eluting stents - such as the @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) and @entity1311 -eluting stent (PES) - have become attractive options for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and are still widely used in Asia. However, the effect of East Asian ethnicity on their efficacy remains unclear. METHODS: Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of the Cypher SES and Taxus PES. The outcomes of interest were stent @entity715 , @entity75 revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity299 , and all-cause mortality. Pooled 'East Asian' studies were compared against pooled 'non-East Asian' studies. RESULTS: SES significantly reduced stent @entity715 incidence in East Asian @entity1 relative to PES. Irrespective of East Asian status, SES significantly reduced the incidence of TLR and TVR as compared to PES. CONCLUSIONS: The Cypher SES appears to be a superior choice over the Taxus PES for East Asian @entity1 on account of its reduced risk of stent @entity715 in these @entity1 . Irrespective of East Asian ethnic status, the Cypher SES also yields a significantly reduced incidence of TLR and TVR as compared to the Taxus PES. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Comparative Efficacy of @entity3446 -Eluting Stents and XXXX -Eluting Stents in East Asian Versus non-East Asian @entity1 : A Systematic Review _ Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac mortality']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Classical surgical management of endometriotic @entity42 using the laparoscopic stripping technique has been recently questioned because of the surgical-related @entity2670 . Accordingly, available guidelines suggest that @entity46 with a mean diameter below 4 cm should not be systematically removed before IVF procedures. However, conservative management may have some potential drawbacks and risks. The presence of the @entity46 may theoretically interfere with ovarian responsiveness to hyperstimulation and oocyte competence, the retrieval of the oocytes may be more difficult and risky, the disease may progress during the procedure, pregnancy outcome may be affected and there is the risk of missing @entity5 with @entity5 development later in life. In the present review, we aimed at assessing whether these risks do exist and, if so, at estimating their clinical relevance. METHODS: We searched PubMed for articles published in the English language between January 1990 and August 2014 that reported on @entity46 and assisted reproductive techniques. Special care was given to studies reporting data purporting to distinguish the effects of @entity43 per s   from those consequent to surgery for @entity46 or from @entity46 in general. RESULTS: Based on the evidence reviewed in the present study, it can be concluded that conservative management may actually expose @entity1 to four of the following theoretical risks, i.e. @entity281 , follicular fluid contamination with the @entity46 content, higher risk of pregnancy complications and @entity5 development later in life. The first three conditions do not justify surgery because these events are uncommon and the number of @entity1 needed to be treated would be exceedingly high and would not justify the costs and risks of the intervention. Albeit also very rare, the possibility of developing @entity43 later in life is more troublesome because it is a life-threatening condition. However, this alarmism is supported by only one cohort study and this risk can be effectively prevented by postponing surgery until after the IVF programme is concluded or when @entity1 have definitely satisfied their reproductive wishes. CONCLUSION: The available evidence on the risks of conservative management does not support systematic surgery before IVF in @entity1 with @entity43 .

title: Risks of conservative management in XXXX with @entity43 undergoing IVF.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriomas', 'ovarian cancer', 'small ovarian endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'occult malignancies']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection of the endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas', 'endometrioma', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the ovarian reserve']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Hadrontherapy is an advanced form of radiotherapy that uses beams of charged particles (such as protons and @entity505 ions). Compared with conventional radiotherapy, the main advantages of @entity505 ion therapy are the precise absorbed dose localization, along with an increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE). This high ballistic accuracy of particle beams deposits the maximal dose to the @entity5 , while damage to the surrounding healthy tissue is limited. Currently, hadrontherapy is being used for the treatment of specific types of @entity5 . Previous in vitro studies have shown that, under certain circumstances, exposure to charged particles may inhibit cell motility and migration. In the present study, we investigated the expression of four motility-related genes in prostate ( @entity5049 ) and colon (Caco-2) @entity5 cell lines after exposure to different radiation types. Cells were irradiated with various absorbed doses (0, 0.5 and 2 Gy) of accelerated @entity7352 -ions at the GANIL facility (Caen, France) or with X-rays. Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the RBE. RT-qPCR analysis showed dose- and time-dependent changes in the expression of @entity58230 , @entity8946 , @entity9410 and @entity9067 in both cell lines. However, whereas in @entity5049 cells the response to @entity505 ion irradiation was enhanced compared with X-irradiation, the effect was the opposite in Caco-2 cells, indicating cell-type-specific responses to the different radiation types.

title: Dose- and time-dependent gene expression alterations in prostate and colon cancer cells after in vitro exposure to XXXX ion and X-irradiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8711 is a subcutaneous @entity3217 , seen frequently in tropical areas, and caused by dematiaceous fungi. It produces nodulo-verrucous lesions in the arms and legs. There is no treatment of choice for this disease and sometimes a combination of chemotherapy and physical therapy is necessary. METHODS: The study included 12 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity8711 by means of fungal and histopathologic tests. The @entity1 were assigned to three treatment groups: @entity1 with small lesions, not greater than 15 cm2 in area, were assigned to Group 1, in which the treatment consisted of @entity2059 300 mg/day, or to Group 2, in which the treatment consisted of one or more sessions of open-spray cryosurgery. @entity1 with large lesions were assigned to Group 3 and started treatment with @entity2059 300 mg/day, until a maximal @entity8 occurred, and then underwent one or several cryosurgery sessions. Clinical, fungal, and laboratory tests were performed in each group before, during, and at the completion of treatment. RESULTS: Positive cultures of Fonsecaea pedrosoi were obtained in 11 out of 12 @entity1 . Two out of four @entity1 in Groups 1 and 3 had a clinical and fungal cure and the remaining @entity1 experienced significant improvement. All four @entity1 included in Group 2 achieved a cure. No important side-effects were seen among the @entity1 included in any of the two @entity2059 groups, and only two out of eight @entity1 reported gastric discomfort. The cryosurgery group reported only normal complications of the process, such as @entity4 and @entity158 ; two out of eight @entity1 had a superimposed @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of @entity2059 and cryosurgery were good in cases with small lesions; antifungal therapy being more appropriate for flexion areas. The combination of @entity2059 , to reduce the size of the lesions, with subsequent treatment of the remaining lesions with cryosurgery, represents a new alternative in the treatment of @entity1 with large lesions. Both types of therapy are considered safe, with few side-effects.

title: Treatment of @entity8711 with XXXX , cryosurgery, and a combination of both.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of lesions']

entities_list: @entity8711 :: ('MESH:D002862', 'Disease') :: ['chromoblastomycosis', 'Chromoblastomycosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['itraconazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether biofilm formation on @entity1346 tympanostomy tubes (TTs) is prevented by @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ) coating. DESIGN: In vitro microbiologic study. SUBJECTS: @entity1346 TTs with and without a @entity12468 coating. INTERVENTION: The TTs were exposed to blood or @entity1391 -buffered saline and cultured with @entity796 or @entity794 . After 4 days, antibiotics were added to kill planktonic bacteria. Biofilm formation was assessed by quantitative bacterial counts and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: @entity1 blood enhanced @entity794 biofilm formation on TTs with and without @entity12468 (P < .001). @entity794 biofilm formation was similar on TTs with and without @entity12468 coating. @entity796 biofilm formation was less on TTs with @entity12468 coating after exposure to @entity1391 -buffered saline (P = .04), but this difference was not significant after blood exposure (P = .19). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4280 coating of TTs imparts resistance to @entity796 biofilm formation. The clinical impact of @entity12468 on TTs may be attenuated by exposure to blood, but this will require study in clinical trials.

title: Biofilm formation on XXXX tympanostomy tubes with @entity4280 coating.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone', 'Polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: Amyloid beta-peptide ( @entity22561 ) containing plaques and @entity3072 ( @entity3072 ) are the two major histopathological hallmarks of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, deposition of @entity22561 is an initial and essential step in the pathogenesis of @entity195 , and formation of @entity3072 has been proposed to be caused by increased @entity22561 levels. Several previous studies revealed that @entity22561 plaque formation can be reduced or even prevented by active immunization with @entity22561 preparations or by administration of @entity22561 -specific antibodies. To assess the role of fibrillar preparations of Abeta42 in @entity3072 formation, we previously performed intracerebral (i.c.) injections of Abeta42 into brains of @entity3072 -forming @entity18824 tau @entity19 which caused significant @entity3072 . To determine whether these increases in @entity3072 can be blocked or reduced by active immunization, @entity18824 tau @entity19 were immunized with intraperitoneal injections of preaggregated Abeta42. Abeta42-specific titers were monitored and the @entity19 injected i.c. with Abeta42. We found that i.c. injection of Abeta42 caused significant increases in @entity3072 formation. However, this induction was not affected by active immunization despite high serum anti-Abeta42 titer levels and binding of anti-Abeta42 antibodies to the injected Abeta42 aggregates. We conclude that active immunization is not sufficient to prevent the effect of Abeta42 on tau aggregation in our model system. Further studies are required to determine whether modifications of our protocol could affect the Abeta42-mediated induction of @entity3072 formation.

title: Active immunization trial in Abeta42-injected @entity18824 tau XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['increases in NFT numbers', 'neurofibrillary tangles', 'NFT']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: The effect of @entity935 (DA) and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) uptake inhibitors on @entity21435 ( @entity14842 )-induced increase in DA efflux was studied using in vivo microdialysis. @entity14842 was infused directly into the anterolateral striatum via the dialysis probe. The local administration of @entity14842 produced a dose- and time-dependent increase in the extracellular concentration of DA in the striatum. Peripheral administration of the DA uptake blockers, @entity9015 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or @entity11719 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), produced a slight but significant increase in the extracellular concentration of DA. Moreover, pretreatment with either @entity9015 or @entity11719 30 min before the infusion of @entity14842 (10 microM) significantly attenuated the @entity14842 -induced increase in the extracellular concentration of DA. Pretreatment with @entity905 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a @entity750 uptake blocker, 30 min before the infusion of @entity14842 produced a slight but significant inhibition of @entity14842 -induced increase in DA concentration. In contrast, pretreatment with the 5-HT2/1C antagonist, @entity6009 (3 mg/kg, i.p.), had no significant effect on the increase in DA concentration produced by the local administration of @entity14842 . These data are suggestive that @entity14842 increases the concentration of DA in the striatum, in part, via a carrier-mediated mechanism which is largely independent of its effects on @entity750 release.

title: Microdialysis studies on XXXX -induced @entity935 release: effect of @entity935 uptake inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity21435 :: ('CHEBI:1391', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity9015 :: ('MESH:D008454', 'Chemical') :: ['mazindol']

answer: @entity21435 :: (CHEBI:1391,Chemical) :: ['3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine']


abstract: The expression of the following cell adhesion molecules, their @entity8652 and @entity2263 integrin ligands and the cytokine @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) was investigated by light and electron microscope immunohistochemistry in the liver tissue in 20 @entity1 with @entity14 also presenting with liver @entity3 : @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ), @entity4105 , @entity1453 ( @entity1453 ), @entity1454 ), and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4). We have found a parallel enhancement of the adhesion molecules and of @entity310 in liver sinusoids surrounding @entity3 . The expression of @entity2071 was enhanced on sinusoidal cells in all zones of the acinus. @entity4725 immune reactivity was diffuse but less intensive in the lobule. @entity4105 expression was observed in sinusoidal cells attached to @entity3 . In @entity5 @entity3 the expression of @entity2071 , @entity4725 , and @entity4105 was visible on the @entity5 vascular endothelium. Tumour infiltrating host cells sowing positive immunoreactivity for @entity2071 , @entity4725 , @entity1453 , @entity1454 , and VLA-4 were located mainly at the boundary between liver parenchyma and the @entity3 . At the ultrastructural level, @entity2071 -positive immune deposits were observed on the cellular membrane and in some transport vesicles of gastric metastatic cells. Further, the expression of all adhesion molecules was confirmed to sinusoidal endothelial cells and @entity5 vessels. It is concluded that the enhanced expression of adhesion molecules in liver sinusoids could be a marker for the assessment of the ability of sinusoidal endothelial cells to control the recruitment of leukocytes and monocytes to the metastatic site. They could also direct the adhesion of new circulating @entity5 cells to sinusoidal endothelium.

title: Expression of cell adhesion molecules, their ligands and XXXX necrosis factor alpha in the liver of @entity1 with metastatic gastrointestinal carcinomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['VCAM-1', 'vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1453 :: ('3683', 'Gene') :: ['leucocyte function-associated antigen-1', 'LFA-1']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiology and surgical treatment outcome in Chinese @entity1 with @entity602 caused by contiguous multilevel ossification of ligamentum flavum. METHODS: Medical notes and imaging data of 18 Chinese @entity1 (14 males and 4 females, aged 43-72 years, mean: 57 years) with @entity602 caused by contiguous multilevel ossification of ligamentum flavum were studied retrospectively in this article. The diagnosis was based on clinical examination, X-ray films, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning results and pathological results. Sixteen @entity1 were treated by laminectomy and two by laminoplasty. The average follow-up duration was 34 months (range, 28-49 months). The outcome was evaluated by Japanese Orthopaedics Association (JOA) score. RESULTS: The average time for occurring clinical symptoms was 7.5 months (range, 2 days-16 months). All the 18 cases presented with clinical evidences of @entity1745 , which included bilateral leg weakness, @entity426 in lower limbs, paresthesia in terminal and perineum, and @entity322 . Neurological examination revealed severe @entity3500 , absence of abdominal reflexes, and reduction of the sensory function below the compression level. The mean JOA score before operation was 3.6 (range, 0-6). MRI and CT scans of the thoracic spine confirmed the presence of contiguous multilevel ossification of the ligamentum flavum. The mean recovery rate after surgery in terms of JOA score was 66.3% (range, 33.3%-100%), with a mean final JOA score of 8.3. Thoracic decompression laminectomy or laminoplasty could result in a good postoperative outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Contiguous multilevel ossification of the ligamentum flavum is not a common cause of @entity602 in Chinese population and should be treated as early as possible. MRI and CT scan examinations may diagnose the presence of thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF). Posterior decompression, especially with en bloc dissection of the laminae, can obtain satisfactory results.

title: XXXX caused by contiguous multilevel ossification of ligamentum flavum in Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['chronic and progressive thoracic spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['spastic gait, numbness']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['Thoracic cord compression']


abstract: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common @entity943 managed by emergency physicians and there is increasing evidence that selected @entity1 with acute @entity955 can be safely managed in the emergency department without the need for hospital admission. The principles of management are identification and treatment of precipitating or underlying causes, hemodynamic stabilization/rate control, reduction of @entity1031 risk and the conversion/maintenance of sinus rhythm. A strategy of rate or rhythm control should be chosen based on the @entity1 's clinical status, the duration of @entity955 , the experience of the treating physician and the status of anticoagulation. Before either electric or pharmacological cardioversion, anticoagulation should be considered. Most @entity1 should be given heparin or low molecular weight heparin while preparing for cardioversion. All @entity1 should be considered for long-term anticoagulation based on their @entity1031 risk and @entity548 risk from antithrombotic therapy. Following restoration of sinus rhythm, a decision regarding the use of antiarrhyhmic drugs should be made based on the estimated frequency of recurrence and degree of symptoms. In the setting of acute @entity583 , beta-blockers should be administered whenever possible. If beta-blockers are contraindicated, the rate can be slowed with digoxin or @entity2643 . Cardioversion should be performed if the @entity1 is hemodynamically unstable. Class IC antiarrhythmic drugs should not be administered in this setting.

title: Management of XXXX in the emergency department and following acute @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Isolated, small bowel @entity3 from @entity2 are extremely rare; only 34 cases have been previously reported. Rarer still is the @entity2 with a lesion metastatic to the small bowel. These 34 cases and 3 recent ones from Easton Hospital (Easton, PA) were analyzed to clarify the clinical and pathologic features of the disease. The majority of @entity1 had a history of @entity490 (86%), melena (23%), or @entity390 and @entity391 (26%). Few had @entity353 (16%). Twenty-one @entity1 (57%) came to the hospital with perforation and @entity298 , including 9 in whom @entity2 was undiagnosed before laparotomy. Thirteen @entity1 (34%) underwent laparotomy because of @entity27855 (6%) for @entity548 and 1 (3%) for a mass found during work-up. Squamous cell (49%) and large cell (22%) were the most common cell types, and the jejunum was the most common site of the @entity3 (79%). Survival time was dismal (mean 51 days) and was unaffected by therapy to the primary site of the @entity5 or its @entity3 . The authors conclude that small bowel @entity3 from @entity2 are not uncommon and may be seen more frequently as @entity1 live longer after their diagnosis of @entity5 . Small bowel @entity3 must be considered in any @entity1 with both @entity2 and @entity490 , and should be expected in @entity1 with both @entity2 and an acute abdomen.

title: Small bowel @entity3 from primary XXXX : a rarity waiting to be found?

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['presentation of lung carcinoma', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity27855 :: ('MESH:C563310', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction, 2']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung carcinoma']


abstract: In plants, cell morphogenesis is dependent on intercellular auxin accumulation. The polar subcellular localization of the @entity7495 ( @entity7495 ) protein is crucial for this process. Previous studies have shown that the protein kinase PINOID (PID) and protein phosphatase6-type phosphatase holoenzyme regulate the phosphorylation status of @entity30403 in root tips and shoot apices. Here, we show that a type-one protein phosphatase, @entity58313 , is essential for the formation of interdigitated pavement cell (PC) pattern in @entity958 ( @entity958 ) leaf. The dominant-negative mutant @entity58313 -1 showed severely inhibited interdigitated PC growth. Expression of @entity58313 -1 gene in wild-type plants recapitulated the PC defects in the mutant. Genetic analyses suggested that @entity58313 and @entity30403 likely function in the same pathway to regulate PC morphogenesis. Furthermore, colocalization, in vitro and in vivo protein interaction studies, and dephosphorylation assays revealed that @entity58313 mediated @entity30403 polar localization and endocytic trafficking in PCs by acting antagonistically with PID to modulate the phosphorylation status of @entity30403 . In addition, @entity58313 affects the cytoskeleton pattern through the Rho of Plant GTPase-dependent auxin-signaling pathway. Therefore, we conclude that @entity58313 -regulated @entity30403 polar targeting through direct dephosphorylation is crucial for PC morphogenesis in the @entity958 leaf.

title: TYPE-ONE PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE4 Regulates Pavement Cell Interdigitation by Modulating XXXX -FORMED1 Polarity and Trafficking in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity7495 :: (MESH:D017825,Disease) :: ['PIN']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a single injection of @entity1341 with @entity1425 close to the fascia could decrease opiate consumption and @entity158 in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section in spinal anesthesia. DESIGN: Randomized double-blind controlled study. SETTINGS: Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. POPULATION: 260 @entity1 scheduled for elective cesarean section were enrolled in the study. METHODS: The treatment group (n= 130) received 40 mL @entity1341 (2.5 mg/mL) with @entity1425 (5  g/mL) (Marcain   adrenalin) and the control group (n= 130) received 40 mL saline solution (0.9%), which was, in both groups, injected close to the fascia before closure of the wound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1286 consumption and mean resting @entity158 intensity numerical rating scale at 12 and 24 hours were the primary outcome variables. Other assessments for @entity158 as well as mobilization parameters were considered secondary. RESULTS: @entity1286 requirements were significantly less in the @entity1341 group, 19.0 mg/ @entity1 , compared with 24.0 mg/ @entity1 in the placebo group, during the first 12 postoperative hours. During this time period there was also a trend towards a difference between groups in mean @entity158 intensity, but significant only during the first six hours. Over the whole first postoperative 24 hours, there were no differences in either @entity1286 requirement or @entity158 intensity between groups. CONCLUSIONS: A single injection of @entity1341 with @entity1425 in the surgical wound decreases the need for @entity1286 requirements for the first 12 postoperative hours and contributes to safe and effective @entity158 management in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section.

title: Intraoperative injection of XXXX - @entity1425 close to the fascia reduces @entity1286 requirements after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: Sex determination and dosage compensation in @entity238 are implemented by the ratio of X-chromosomes to sets of autosomes (X:A ratio). Our aim was to change this X:A ratio during development, and to assess the response of the affected cells in sexually dimorphic structures. For this purpose, clones of XO constitution were produced in female embryos and larvae of two genotypes in which almost the entire euchromatic arm of one X-chromosome was translocated to the third chromosome. Genotype I was heterozygous for the X-linked recessive mutations @entity21704 , genotype II was homozygous for @entity21704 . The @entity21704 gene (sex-lethal) is involved in mediating sex determination and dosage compensation. In genotype I ( @entity21704 ), male clones could be generated up to 48 h in genitalia and analia, up to 72 h in the sex comb region and up to 96 h in 5th and 6th tergites. In genotype II ( @entity21704 ), male clones only appeared in the tergites, and only up to 24 h. The difference in these results is ascribed to the presence of @entity21704 in genotype I: when homozygous, this mutation causes XX clones to differentiate male structures; most of the male clones produced in genotype I must therefore be XX. In contrast, male clones produced in genotype II must be XO. Since these were only found when generated in embryos we conclude that the X:A ratio expresses itself autonomously in clones by setting the state of activity of the @entity21704 gene around blastoderm stage. Once this is achieved, the X:A signal is no longer needed, and the state of activity of the @entity21704 gene determines sex and dosage compensation.

title: Sex determination and dosage compensation in XXXX : production of male clones in XX females.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated levels of @entity1063 (NE) have been reported in recipients of small-for-size liver (SFS) grafts in the perioperative period. The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that although circulating @entity2661 are elevated in recipients of SFS grafts, they are not the primary agents responsible for the @entity455 . METHODS: Female porcine recipients receiving a 20% (n = 10) partial liver graft were compared with a control group, using 60% partial liver transplanted grafts (n = 9). Hepatic blood flow (PVF, @entity8258 ) and levels of plasma @entity2661 ( @entity1425 and NE) were measured at designated time points through postoperative day (POD) 7. @entity5521 (PA), an a-adrenergic blocker, was administered at doses of 1 to 112.5 ug/kg/min through an indwelling HA to the recipients of 20% group  on @entity773 (n = 5). RESULTS: In the 20% group following reperfusion, HA @entity2553 was found at 10, 60, and 90 min, and persisted on POD 3 and POD 7. Plasma NE levels increased after reperfusion in 20% and 60% groups and peaked at 6 h with 10- to 13-fold increased levels compared with baseline. In the 20% group, NE levels remained elevated up to POD 7. PA infusion at low (1-10 ug/kg/min) and high (12.5-112.5 ug/kg/min) doses did not reverse the reduced @entity8258 observed in 20% group recipients. CONCLUSION: Elevated serum NE does not appear to be the primary factor mediating HA @entity2553 in the porcine SFS graft.

title: Elevated @entity2661 and hepatic artery XXXX in porcine small-for-size liver graft.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery (HA) vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: The BEACOPP chemotherapy regimen for advanced @entity978 employs a rearranged schedule permitting a shortened three-week cycle. With haematological growth factor support, the dosages of @entity786 , @entity2879 and @entity632 could be moderately escalated. The 3-armed multicentre HD9 trial (recruitment 1993-1998; 1300 @entity1 randomised) aimed to compare BEACOPP with the standard COPP/ABVD chemotherapy and to detect and measure the gain in efficacy, if any, due to moderate dose escalation of BEACOPP. Eight cycles were given, followed by local irradiation. The most recent interim analysis, with 689 evaluable @entity1 , circa 40% of all expected events and a median observation time of 27 months, showed significant differences in progression rate (P) and in two-year freedom from treatment failure (F) between the treatment arms, with escalated BEACOPP (P = 2%, F = 89%) better than baseline BEACOPP (P = 9%, F = 81%) better than COPP/ABVD (P = 13%, F = 72%). Survival was not significantly different. Acute @entity137 was more severe due to dose escalation, but remained manageable. These preliminary results suggest that BEACOPP improves efficacy. Moderate dose escalation is feasible with @entity1261 support and appears likely to make a worthwhile improvement in the cure rate. The results must await confirmation (or otherwise) by the final analysis including all randomised @entity1 and sufficiently mature data.

title: BEACOPP: a new regimen for advanced XXXX . German @entity978 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular interventions that maximize initial lumen diameter provoke extensive neointimal @entity1373 but minimize its effects, causing long-term lumen size to be greater. Nevertheless, interventions such as endovascular stents, which increase lumen size above that achieved with balloon angioplasty, are subject to frequent @entity715 and @entity256 . It has been unclear whether the response to stent-induced injury is determined solely by the degree of stent-induced arterial expansion or whether the geometric configuration of the stent or the material left in contact with the vessel wall also contribute. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the vascular response to steel stents deployed in denuded @entity95 iliac arteries for 14 days. In one set of experiments, the effects of sten configuration were examined, holding diameter, mass, surface area, and stent surface material constant. In another set, stent surface material was changed, with mass, configuration, and diameter unaltered. Changing stent configuration to reduce strut-strut intersections by 29% without affecting mass or surface area reduced @entity1317 by 42%, @entity715 by 69%, and neointimal @entity1373 by 38%. Monocyte adhesion to stented arteries correlated linearly with vascular @entity130 and neointimal @entity1373 (r = .96, P < .01 for each). When the stainless steel surface was coated with an inert polymer material, @entity1317 and neointimal @entity1373 were unchanged but @entity715 was eliminated. CONCLUSIONS: Surface material and geometric configuration of stents may be more important than postplacement diameter in determining neointimal @entity1373 and @entity715 . Alterations in configuration @entity1317 and neointimal @entity1373 , while surface material plays a greater role in @entity715 . Monocytes may be important modulators of stent-induced intimal thickening. Clinical confirmation of these findings may alter coronary stent deployment techniques and future stent designs.

title: Endovascular stent design dictates experimental @entity256 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'affect vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) mediates a variety of innate and adaptive immunity through four distinct receptors: @entity17782 - @entity13947 . It has been suggested that each EP plays a unique and pivotal role in various disease conditions. We investigated the pathophysiological role of EP receptors in @entity99 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, a 70% hepatic @entity63 model was used in male C57BL/6 @entity19 . Selective EP agonists were used to clarify the function of each @entity1421 receptor in I/R injury. Although all four receptors were expressed in the na  ve liver, @entity13947 expression was significantly upregulated after hepatic I/R. Although @entity58446 , or 3 agonists did not show any protective effect on liver function, the @entity13947 agonist significantly inhibited @entity5721 as determined by serological and histological analyses. Furthermore, the @entity13947 agonist downregulated the local expressions of several proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in the early phase of reperfusion. In contrast, it augmented the local expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, @entity1618 . Additionally, the neutrophil accumulation was also inhibited by @entity13947 agonist treatment. Finally, to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the @entity13947 agonist in @entity5721 , the nonischemic shunt liver was removed after 120 minutes of @entity63 , resulting in the death of 86% of control @entity19 within 48 hours. In sharp contrast, 80% of @entity19 treated with the @entity13947 agonist survived. In conclusion, the @entity1421 - @entity13947 signaling pathway has an inhibitory role in @entity5721 . An @entity13947 agonist effectively protects against @entity63 .

title: Significance and therapeutic potential of @entity1421 receptor in XXXX /reperfusion injury in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic ischemia']


abstract: Oxidative mechanisms of injury are important in many @entity16 , including @entity75 . @entity306 after @entity600 is hypothesized to be caused by @entity63 of developing oligodendrocytes (OLs). Here we examined the developmental sensitivity of OLs to exogenous @entity273 ( @entity274 ) with stage-specific @entity35 oligodendrocyte cultures. We found that @entity274 itself or that generated by @entity413 oxidase was more toxic to developing than to mature OLs. Mature OLs were able to degrade @entity274 faster than developing OLs, suggesting that higher antioxidant enzyme activity might be the basis for their resistance. Catalase expression and activity were relatively constant during oligodendrocyte maturation, whereas @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) was upregulated with a twofold to threefold increase in its expression and activity. Thus, it appeared that the developmental change in resistance to @entity274 was caused by modulation of GPx but not by catalase expression. To test the relative roles of catalase and GPx in the setting of oxidative stress, we measured enzyme activity in cells exposed to @entity274 and found that @entity274 induced a decrease in catalase activity in developing but not in mature OLs. Inhibition of GPx by mercaptosuccinate led to an increase in the vulnerability of mature OLs to @entity274 as well as a reduction in catalase activity. Finally, @entity274 -dependent inactivation of catalase in developing OLs was prevented by the GPx mimic ebselen. These data provide evidence for a key role for GPx-catalase cooperativity in the resistance of mature OLs to @entity274 -induced cell death.

title: XXXX peroxidase-catalase cooperativity is required for resistance to @entity273 by mature @entity35 oligodendrocytes.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['Glutathione']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a @entity5 Inventory (CPI) that measures @entity5 @entity1 ' beliefs and concerns about @entity158 . This paper describes development and pilot testing of a preliminary version of the CPI and describes its psychometric properties including its reliability and validity relative to @entity158 measures. METHODS: Subjects were recruited from inpatient and outpatient oncology services of an NCI-designated comprehensive @entity5 center. @entity1 completed the 50 potential CPI items and these standard measures-Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test, Survey of @entity158 Attitudes, Brief @entity158 Inventory, @entity158 Disability Index, and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. The magnitude and significance of associations between the CPI and the other measures were examined. RESULTS: Of 366 @entity1 who were eligible and agreed to participate in the study, 262 completed the questionnaires. Principal components analyses were used to select items most appropriate for retention in the preliminary version of the CPI and to describe its factor structure. Based on the content of items that loaded on each factor, the five factors were labeled as Catastrophizing, Interference with Functioning, Stoicism, Social Aspects, and Concerns about @entity158 Medication. Correlations between the CPI and other measures supported construct validity of the five CPI factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results supported the validity of the CPI as a measure of five constructs relevant to the experience of @entity158 in the @entity5 setting. The results also underscored the presence of unique features of @entity5 that clearly differ from commonly recognized dimensions of chronic, non- @entity5 .

title: The XXXX Inventory: preliminary development and validation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Pain', 'cancer-related pain', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'established pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence strongly suggests that the neighbourhood in which @entity1 live influences their health. Despite this, investigations of ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors have focused mainly on individual-level characteristics. The main purpose of this study was to investigate associations between neighbourhood-level environmental stressors (crime, housing density, nuisance from @entity167 and drug misuse, quality of green space and social participation), and blood pressure (BP) and @entity101 among different ethnic groups. METHODS: Individual data from the Amsterdam Health Survey 2004 were linked to data on neighbourhood stressors creating a multilevel design for data analysis. The study sample consisted of 517 Dutch, 404 Turkish and 365 Moroccans living in 15 neighbourhoods in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. RESULTS: Amongst Moroccans, high density housing and nuisance from drug misuse were associated with a higher systolic BP, while high quality of green space and social participation were associated with a lower systolic BP. High level of nuisance from drug misuse was associated with a higher diastolic BP. High quality of green space was associated with lower odds of @entity101 . Amongst Turkish, high level of crime and nuisance from motor traffic were associated with a higher diastolic BP. Similar associations were observed among the Dutch group but none of the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study findings show that neighbourhood-level stressors are associated with BP in ethnic minority groups but were less evident in the Dutch group. These findings might imply that the higher BP levels found in some ethnic minority groups might be partly due to their greater susceptibility to the adverse neighbourhood environment in which many ethnic minority @entity1 live. Primary prevention measures targeting these neighbourhood stressors may have an impact in reducing high BP related morbidity and mortality among ethnic minority groups.

title: Ethnic differences in the effect of environmental stressors on blood pressure and XXXX in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']