abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aflibercept ( @entity7 [VEGF] trap), a recombinant fusion protein, blocks the activity of @entity7 and placental growth factor and has demonstrated activity in pretreated @entity1 with @entity2 in a phase I trial. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of intravenous aflibercept in @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity3866 -resistant @entity2220 . METHODS: An open-label, single arm, multicenter trial was conducted, with the primary end point of response rate (modified RECIST). Additional endpoints included safety, duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. @entity1 with @entity902 - and @entity3866 -resistant @entity2220 were eligible. Aflibercept 4.0 mg/kg intravenous every 2 weeks was administered until progression of disease or intolerable @entity137 . RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity1 were enrolled; 89 were evaluable for response. Median age was 60 years, 41% were @entity1 with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0/1/2 in 35/55/9% of @entity1 . The overall response rate was 2.0%, (95% confidence interval, 0.2-7.2%). Median progression-free survival was 2.7 months, and overall was survival 6.2 months. Six- and 12-month survival rates were 54 and 29%, respectively. A median of four cycles was administered (range 1-22). Common grade 3/4 @entity137 included @entity1353 (21%), @entity101 (23%), and @entity644 (10%). Two cases of grade 5 hemoptysis were reported, and one case each of @entity4501 , decreased cardiac ejection fraction, @entity2806 , and reversible posterior @entity62 . CONCLUSIONS: Aflibercept has minor single agent activity in heavily pretreated @entity2220 , and is well tolerated, with no unexpected @entity137 . Further studies evaluating aflibercept in @entity2 , in combination with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies, are ongoing.

title: A multicenter, phase 2 study of @entity7 trap (Aflibercept) in XXXX - and @entity3866 -resistant @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF-A']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: The principle functions of the heart are to accept blood from the systemic and the pulmonary circulatory system, pump and deliver it to the whole body tissues and lungs. The term " @entity712 " is used to describe the pathophysiological state in which an abnormality of cardiac function is responsible for failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues, or to do so only from an elevated filling pressure. Thus, for a long period, @entity712 has been thought of as a mechanical disorder of the heart and vessels, and its treatment has been based on improving @entity299 . Recently multi-center, randomized placebo-controlled survival trials revealed that pure inotropic agents such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors succeeded in mechanical improvement, yet not only failed to prolong the @entity1 's life, but also increased mortality. A number of neurohumoral mechanisms, which are activated in @entity712 , were thought to be compensatory ones. However, survival trials demonstrated that two types of drug interfering with the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system reduced mortality. Those drugs are @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and beta blockers. @entity1289 inhibitors reduce the direct effects of @entity2178 on myocardial cells, which may lead to cell @entity39 , imbalanced @entity5707 through @entity82 , and attenuate the progressive @entity2554 . Local tissue renin-angiotensin system may be potentially important in regulating the @entity2178 production in both heart and vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Pathophysiology and treatment of @entity712 --recently advanced strategy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['remodeling']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cardiac function and hemodynamic disorder']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Targeting with toxic EGF-based conjugates against @entity5 cells with amplified EGF-receptors might be a possible approach towards improved therapy of certain @entity5 such as @entity11 and @entity957 . In this study, the penetration and binding of 125I delivered by EGF-dextran conjugates were analysed in cultured spheroids applied as a @entity5 nodule model. The spheroids consisted of @entity1 @entity11 cells, U-343MGaCl2:6, with large amounts of EGF-receptors. The penetration and binding patterns of 125I delivered by 125I-EGF and 125I-dextran were analysed for comparison. The EGF-dextran associated 125I-activity showed a rather slow penetration but after some hours significant amounts of radioactivity had reached the deeper regions and good penetration was obtained within 5 hours. The penetration seemed somewhat faster when the 125I-activity was delivered with EGF possibly dependent on the lower molecular weight allowing for faster diffusion. Furthermore, EGF-dextran associated 125I seemed to penetrate somewhat faster after the EGF-receptors were blocked with non-radioactive EGF, probably due to the lack of binding preventing free diffusion. After administration of 125I-EGF-dextran or 125I-EGF, the binding patterns were superimposed on the penetration patterns. In the penetration studies, the superimposed accumulations due to binding were removed by presaturation of the receptors with non-radioactive EGF. After a 1 hour incubation, binding of EGF-dextran associated 125I-activity could be seen only in an outer region, with an approximative thickness of 50 microns, of the viable cell layer. Extensive receptor specific binding in the deeper regions, at a depth of 100-200 microns, was seen after several hours incubation. In addition, low levels of non-specific binding in the central regions were seen when the 125I-activity was delivered with dextran without EGF. A similar low background binding was seen also in the centre of spheroids incubated with 125I-EGF-dextran or 125I-EGF after saturation of the receptors with non-radioactive EGF. However, the major amount of radioactivity delivered as 125I-EGF-dextran or 125I-EGF had a receptor specific binding and, also in inner regions, it could be displaced by non-radioactive EGF. Thus, EGF-dextran, which is a candidate compound for targeted therapy, allowed penetration of the applied radioactivity and binding could be observed, after some hours, also in the inner regions of the spheroids.

title: Penetration and binding of epidermal growth factor-dextran conjugates in spheroids of XXXX @entity11 origin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Some xenobiotics induce membrane-bound drug metabolizing enzymes (Xme) and a profound proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in vivo. However these effects are much weaker in vitro, possibly due to absence of certain transcription factors. We tested the possibility that ER proliferation can affect the level of ER-resident enzymes even in the absence of transcriptional activation. For this purpose we analysed the effects of compactin, which has been shown to induce ER proliferation in vitro, on recombinant Xme, which were expressed from a constitutive viral promoter. High levels of recombinant @entity858 -glucuronosyltransferase @entity11107 were achieved by amplification of the @entity11107 cDNA using the @entity9796 reductase cDNA as selectable marker in DHFR- CHO cells. Treatment of the resulting cell lines with @entity9680 serum in the absence and presence of compactin for 5 days resulted in a 1.3- and 2.3-fold, respectively, increase of the UGT enzyme activity towards @entity11108 , paralleled by an induction of immunoreactive @entity11107 protein. Similarly, treatment with this @entity2453 reductase inhibitor increased the endogenous P450 reductase activity 2.6-fold, concomitant with an increase of immunodetectable protein. As expected compactin induced the level of @entity2453 reductase. Increased levels of this protein have been associated with a proliferation of the ER. Compactin treatment of a separate cell line that expressed recombinant @entity1 P450 reductase increased this enzyme activity fivefold. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the induction of the recombinant Xme by compactin was most likely due to decreased protein degradation. Our results show that enzyme systems unrelated to those involved in @entity165 biosynthesis are affected by compounds known to affect membrane biogenesis. Since this effect extends to heterologously expressed enzymes, it also provides an efficient means by which to increase the levels of recombinant ER proteins.

title: Treatment of XXXX cells with the endoplasmic reticulum-proliferator compactin strongly induces recombinant and endogenous xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and @entity2453 reductase in vitro.

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['lipoprotein-deficient']

entities_list: @entity11108 :: ('MESH:C489431', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methylumbelliferone']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6613 Background: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) is the most common type of @entity1778 among adults in the U.S. However, data on treatment patterns and costs of @entity3052 are sparse. METHODS: Using the linked SEER-Medicare database, we retrospectively evaluated mortality, patterns of treatment, healthcare resource use, and Medicare payments associated with @entity3052 and its relapse over 2 years among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65+ initially diagnosed with @entity3052 in a SEER registry between 1991 and 1999. The SEER-Medicare database includes SEER @entity5 registry data and Medicare claims for approximately 14% of @entity5 cases in 17 geographically diverse regions across the US. Chemotherapy was ascertained based on inpatient and outpatient bills. Relapse was identified using a validated algorithm. Costs of care were based on total Medicare payments. RESULTS: A total of 3,439 elderly @entity1 with @entity3052 were identified. Median survival was 2.4 months (mean  SD: 5.6  6.8), with less than 7% of @entity1 alive at 2 years (medians of 3.9, 2.2, 1.4 months for ages 65-74, 75-84, and 85+). Mean total Medicare payments (  SD) (2001 US dollars) were  51,888   54,825, and declined by age (due to poorer survival). In the 2 years following diagnosis, 34% of @entity1 underwent chemotherapy treatment (ranging from 7% among those 85+ to 49% among those 65-74). Treatment rates increased by cohort diagnosis year (29% and 38% for @entity1 diagnosed in 1991 and 1999), mostly among younger @entity1 and those treated in teaching hospitals. Median survival among treated @entity1 was 5 months longer than that for untreated, and costs were 3 times higher. Use of hospice care was low, but increased over time (12% and 29% for @entity1 diagnosed in 1991 and 1999). Finally, 192 @entity1 (16% of treated @entity1 ) relapsed and received retreatment with chemotherapy. These @entity1 survived a median 18 months, with a median duration of remission of 7.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3052 among the elderly is associated with a poor prognosis, and substantial costs over the few remaining months of life. Treatment appears to be changing, with increasing use of chemotherapy and hospice care. [Table: see text].

title: Treatment patterns and costs associated with XXXX in the elderly: A population-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity19020 ( @entity19020 ) is the single most common @entity299 of the @entity235 , and bears close similarities to @entity102 in @entity1 . However, limited quantitative data are available on cellular and morphological changes in both species. The study aim was to use an image analysis system to examine various morphological changes associated with @entity19020 , and in particular to measure changes in cell numbers in overtly @entity19021 of the distal portion of the valve. METHODS: Mitral valve complexes were collected from normal @entity235 and @entity235 with varying severity of @entity19020 (veterinary Whitney grades 1-4; a measure of disease severity and age-related disease progression in the @entity235 ). An image analysis technique (ImageJ; National Institutes of Health, USA) was used to measure valve leaflet length, thickness, connective tissue content and density, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, cell number and shape in normal and @entity19021 of diseased valves. RESULTS: There was a change in the valve leaflet anterior/posterior length ratio in the diseased valves, suggestive of valve lengthening. Distinct and statistically significant (p < 0.01) changes occurred in the valve thickness ratio for both anterior and posterior leaflets as the disease progressed, and the posterior leaflet thickness ratios were consistently higher than for the anterior leaflets. There was a statistically significant decrease in cell numbers in overtly @entity19021 of the distal portion of affected valves compared to similar locations in normal valves, but there was no difference between the different grades of disease. The majority of cells in both diseased and normal valves had a circularity score typical of a spindle (elongated) shape. Connective tissue derangement was clearly seen in the @entity19021 , and this was associated with a significant reduction in connective tissue density. The reduction in connective tissue density was associated with advancing disease severity (age). There was an increase in GAG expression with disease severity, as shown by the level of Alcian blue staining, but this could not be quantified with ImageJ. CONCLUSION: Mitral valve @entity528 in the @entity235 is associated with lengthening and thickening of @entity340 , a loss of connective tissue, and a decrease in cell numbers in selected @entity19021 , but no change in cell circularity. Some of these changes were age- (disease severity-) related.

title: Structural and cellular changes in @entity235 XXXX : an image analysis study.

entities_list: @entity19021 :: ('MESH:C537478', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous areas']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic degenerative mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity19020 :: ('MESH:C563573', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous mitral valve disease', 'Myxomatous mitral valve disease', 'MMVD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve leaflets']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous degeneration']

answer: @entity19020 :: (MESH:C563573,Disease) :: ['myxomatous mitral valve disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We analyzed mortality in adult @entity1 with newly diagnosed and @entity302 over a 13-year period. METHODS: Eighty-one @entity1 aged >=  20 years with newly diagnosed @entity302 and 309 adult @entity1 with @entity302 were originally identified from population-based incidence and prevalence studies conducted in Tartu between 1994 and 1996. @entity1 with @entity302 were followed until the date of @entity204 or until the end of 2007. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was analyzed for both cohorts. The influences of age at diagnosis, sex, @entity302 , @entity410 type, risk factors and treatment compliance on the SMR were also investigated. RESULTS: The SMR was significantly increased in both cohorts, but was higher in @entity1 with @entity302 (SMR 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5-3.8) relative to @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity302 ( @entity21233 .6; 95% CI 1.8-3.5). In the newly diagnosed @entity302 cohort, the increased mortality risk was more pronounced in @entity1 with complex partial @entity410 (SMR 5.6; 95% CI 2.4-11.0). In the @entity302 cohort, the mortality risk was higher in @entity1 with secondary generalized @entity410 (SMR 3.4; 95% CI 2.5-4.5). Non-compliant @entity1 had twice the mortality risk (SMR 4.2; CI 95% 2.7-6.2) compared to those who were on anticonvulsant treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality rates are higher in @entity1 with newly diagnosed and @entity302 . Mortality risks should be discussed with @entity1 with @entity302 , especially if anticonvulsant treatment is refused despite recurrent @entity410 .

title: Mortality risk in adults with newly diagnosed and XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['chronic epilepsy', 'epilepsy syndrome', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['chronic epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 119 Background: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has been developed recently and it provides an advantage in detection of breast masses compared to 2D mammography (MMG) since it allows to separate the tissue layers and to noticeably reduce occlusions caused by overlapping anatomical structures. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been used increasingly for the treatment of @entity0 . The imaging methods that have been used until now to assess @entity5 response to NAC have serious limitations. Attaining pathological complete response (pCR) is the most important predictor of long-term survival in @entity1 receiving NAC. We assessed the radiological findings and capability of DBT to predict response to NAC in comparison with 2D MMG. METHODS: 33 @entity1 (mean age, 47.3 y.o.) having 36 lesions were recruited. Image utilizing adjunction of DBT to 2D MMG were taken for diagnosis from January, 2010 to March, 2015. Pathological subtypes were IDC (n = 34), ILC (n = 1), and IMPC (n = 1). Pathological responses of the lesions to NAC were Grade1 (n = 16), Grade2 (n = 11), and Grade3 (n = 9). The clinical image data sets were acquired with a DBT system (MAMMOMAT Inspiration, Siemens, Germany).For each @entity1 , CC and MLO views were taken for diagnosis. With one-view 2D MMG and DBT, those radiation dose, utilizing the ACR phantom 156, were 1.20mGy and 1.80mGy. RESULTS: The clinical response to NAC was classified into the following categories: 1) Fairly Response (FR): reduction in size of the @entity5 by more than 70% including Complete Response (CR), 2) Partial Response (PR): reduction in size of the @entity5 by 30% or more but less than 70%, 3) @entity66 ( @entity66 ): reduction in size of the @entity5 by less than 30%. DBT findings of pathological Grade2-3 cases were all suggested FR (28/28, 100.0%) Grade3 cases were all suggested CR (9/9,100.0%). Regarding the Grade1b cases, all lesions were suggested PR (8/8, 100.0%). Regarding the Grade1a cases, 3 out of 8 (36.5%) lesions were suggested CR, and 2 out of 8 (25%) lesions suggested PR, and 3 out of 8 lesions suggested @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: DBT will contribute to improved diagnosis accuracy with regard to NAC response to @entity0 in comparison with 2D MMG.

title: Usefulness of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in evaluation of pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Stable disease', 'SD']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In a recently completed pilot clinical study at Roswell Park @entity5 Institute, @entity1 with @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) received topical application of 20% @entity2518 (ALA) and were irradiated with 633 nm light at 10-150 mW cm(-2). @entity13880 ( @entity13880 ) photobleaching in the lesion and the adjacent perilesion normal margin was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. In most cases, the rate of bleaching slowed as treatment progressed, leaving a fraction of the @entity13880 unbleached despite sustained irradiation. To account for this feature, we hypothesized a decrease in blood flow during ALA-photodynamic therapy (PDT) that reduced the rate of @entity26 transported to the tissue and therefore attenuated the photobleaching process. We have performed a detailed analysis of this hypothesis. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a comprehensive, previously published mathematical model to simulate the effects of therapy-induced blood flow reduction on the measured @entity13880 photobleaching. This mathematical model of PDT in vivo incorporates a singlet- @entity26 -mediated photobleaching mechanism, dynamic unloading of @entity26 from hemoglobin, and provides for blood flow velocity changes. It permits simulation of the in vivo photobleaching of @entity13880 in this @entity1 population over the full range of irradiances and fluences. RESULTS: The results suggest that the physiological equivalent of discrete blood flow reductions is necessary to simulate successfully the features of the bleaching data over the entire treatment fluence regime. Furthermore, the magnitude of the blood flow changes in the normal tissue margin and lesion for a wide range of irradiances is consistent with a @entity842 -mediated mechanism of vasoconstriction. CONCLUSION: A detailed numerical study using a comprehensive @entity4906 dosimetry model is consistent with the hypothesis that the observed trends in the in vivo @entity13880 photobleaching data from @entity1 may be explained on the basis of therapy-induced blood flow reductions at specific fluences.

title: Simulations of measured photobleaching kinetics in @entity1 XXXX suggest blood flow reductions during ALA-PDT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['Protoporphyrin IX', 'PpIX']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric-oxide']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['sBCC', 'superficial basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity239 ( @entity239 ) is a confounding factor for diagnosing and assessing @entity627 activity. This study sought to assess the extent of this syndrome in @entity627 @entity1 at a French rheumatology department. METHOD: This monocentric epidemiological study enrolled all @entity1 consulting due to @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), or @entity2597 ( @entity2597 ). @entity239 diagnosis was confirmed or excluded according to the rheumatologist opinion and the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. RESULTS: We enrolled 691 @entity1 , including 451 @entity1 (65.3%), with a mean age of 55.8 years (18-93). Of the enrolled @entity1 , 325 presented with @entity309 , 298 @entity1691 [59 @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ), 137 @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), 64 non-radiographic @entity1691 (nr- @entity1691 ), and 38 peripheral @entity1691 ], and 71 @entity2597 . The rheumatologist established @entity239 diagnosis in 97 @entity1 (14%), while 55 (8%) fulfilled the 1990 ACR criteria. The frequency of @entity239 was lower in @entity309 @entity1 (4.9% by 1990 ACR criteria; 7.7% by expert opinion) compared to @entity1691 (11.1% by 1990 ACR, p < 0.05; 17.5% by expert opinion, p < 0.003) and @entity2597 (11.3% by 1990 ACR, non-significant; 28.2% by expert opinion, p < 0.001). In the @entity1691 subgroups, @entity239 was more common in the nr- @entity1691 than in @entity5144 or @entity1691 (23.9%, 9.6%, and 6.4%, by 1990 ACR, p = 0.001; 37.3%, 13.5%, and 7.2%, by expert opinion, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity239 -like symptoms are commonly associated with @entity627 . The frequency of @entity239 is particularly high in non-radiographic axial @entity1691 , thus raising questions about the specificity of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria.

title: Frequency of concomitant @entity239 in XXXX : Monocentric study of 691 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease', 'CTD']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease', 'rheumatic diseases', 'rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthritis', 'SpA', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe @entity101 trends in U.S. adults aged 60 and older using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. SETTING: NHANES III (1988-1994) and NHANES 1999 to 2004. DESIGN: Cross-sectional nationally representative health examination survey. @entity1 : @entity1 in NHANES III (n=5,093) and NHANES 1999 to 2004 (n=4,710). MEASUREMENTS: Blood pressure (BP). RESULTS: In 1999 to 2004, 67% of U.S. adults aged 60 and older years were @entity101 , an increase of 10% from NHANES III. Between 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2004, @entity101 control increased for @entity1 from 39% to 51% (P<.05) but remained unchanged for @entity1 (35% to 37%; P>.05). @entity7864 @entity1 and @entity1 had higher prevalences of @entity101 than @entity62 (odds ratio (OR)=2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.90-3.40 and OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.31-3.26, respectively), but @entity1 were less likely to have controlled BP (OR=0.60, 95% CI=0.41-0.86). Mexican-American @entity1 and @entity1 were less likely than @entity62 to have controlled BP (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.33-0.91 and OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.40-0.98, respectively). @entity1 and @entity1 aged 70 and older were significantly less likely to control their @entity101 than those aged 60 to 69. In addition, @entity1 aged 70 and older were significantly less aware and treated. Having BP measured within 6 months was significantly associated with greater awareness, greater treatment in @entity1 and @entity1 , and greater control in @entity1 . A history of @entity6 or @entity740 ( @entity740 ) was significantly associated with less @entity101 control. CONCLUSION: There was a significant increase in @entity101 prevalence from 1988 to 2004. @entity101 control continues to be problematic for @entity1 , @entity1 aged 70 and older, @entity7864 and Mexican Americans, and individuals with @entity6 and @entity740 .

title: Trends in XXXX prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in older U.S. adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988 to 2004.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['Non-Hispanic black', 'non-Hispanic blacks']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic whites']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A paradoxical increased risk of @entity204 has been reported during the first 24 hours after thrombolysis for @entity583 . The mechanism of this phenomenon is not known, nor is its relation to the success or failure of reperfusion. The present study was a prospectively designed analysis of deaths occurring within the first 24 hours in the GUSTO trial. METHODS AND RESULTS: There were 41,021 @entity1 enrolled in GUSTO, a randomized comparison of streptokinase with intravenous or subcutaneous heparin, accelerated @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ), and combination of streptokinase and @entity3479 . An angiographic mechanistic substudy examined reperfusion (using the TIMI flow grading criteria) 90 minutes after the assigned thrombolytic regimen was begun in 1567 @entity1 . There were 1125 deaths (2.8%) within 24 hours ("early deaths") and 1726 additional deaths (4.2%) after 24 hours but within 30 days ("later deaths"). At the time of presentation, the most potent predictors of @entity204 were @entity551 and @entity7129 . In a multiple logistic regression model, lower systolic blood pressure, shorter height, higher heart rate, and the absence of prior smoking distinguished @entity204 from later @entity204 . Reinfarction occurred in 26 @entity1 (2.4%), shock in 572 @entity1 (52%), @entity713 in 308 @entity1 (28%), and tamponade in 106 @entity1 (10%) dying early compared with 262 (15%), 788 (46%), 396 (23%), and 74 (4%) respective @entity1 dying later. There were no differences in early mortality among the thrombolytic regimens for the first 6 hours after randomization. By 24 hours, however, mortality was 2.89% for streptokinase recipients, 2.84% for combination therapy recipients, and 2.36% for accelerated @entity3479 recipients (P = .005). There was little difference among @entity1 with differing flow grades in the @entity1188 artery during the first 4 hours, although mortality was 2.35% for @entity1 with flow grade 0 or 1, 2.92% for @entity1 with flow grade 2, and 0.89% for @entity1 with flow grade 3. CONCLUSIONS: Even with aggressive management regimens, mortality within the first 24 hours accounted for a large proportion of @entity204 . @entity1 dying early were more likely to present with pump failure than were those dying later and were more likely to diet of events related to @entity1002 , although @entity2293 also accounted for a significant minority of these deaths. Thus, the severity of the clinical presentation rather than the underlying risk factors predicts early mortality. Based on the angiographic substudy data, it appears that rather than hastening early mortality, successful restoration of complete antegrade flow in the @entity1188 protects against @entity204 .

title: Mortality within 24 hours of thrombolysis for XXXX . The importance of early reperfusion. The GUSTO Investigators, Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 'TPA']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'postthrombolytic deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The frequency and timing of @entity876 inactivation in @entity31 ( @entity31 )-associated tumorigenesis were investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect @entity876 protein overexpression in 56 @entity189 and 40 @entity6349 epithelia derived from 58 @entity1 with @entity31 undergoing colectomy for @entity5 . @entity876 DNA in 25 of the @entity189 also was evaluated by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) to detect point mutations in exons 5-8 and by loss of heterozygosity analysis to detect allelic deletions. Point mutations were detected in 20 of the 25 @entity189 (80.0%) undergoing both IHC and DNA analysis. One @entity189 contained an allelic deletion but no mutations of the corresponding allele within the region tested. @entity876 overexpression occurred in 16 (76.2%) of the 21 @entity189 with point mutations and/or allelic deletions but not in any of those with wild type DNA. Of the 56 @entity189 evaluated by IHC, @entity876 overexpression occurred in 34 @entity189 (60.7%). The proportion of positive @entity5 was independent of stage, anatomic location, differentiation, and histological subtype. Overexpression was observed in nine of 20 @entity6349 masses devoid of and situated remote from @entity189 (45.0%) and correlated positively with increasing grade of @entity1141 (P < .025). In contrast, overexpression occurred in 16 of 20 @entity6349 epithelia situated adjacent to @entity189 (80.0%) and correlated with overexpression by the corresponding @entity189 but not with the grade of @entity1141 present (P = .013). It is concluded that @entity876 overexpression can be detected by IHC in most, although not all, @entity31 with @entity876 mutations and/or allelic deletions. Based on this method, @entity876 overexpression occurs frequently in @entity31 regardless of stage and pathological characteristics, in noncancerous @entity6349 masses with high grade @entity1141 , and in @entity1141 of all grades situated adjacent to @entity189 . These findings implicate @entity876 inactivation in the progression from @entity189 in @entity31 and suggest that its occurrence in @entity7944 may be an independent marker of malignant potential.

title: XXXX protein expression in @entity31 -associated colorectal dysplasia and carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC', 'UC-associated carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'dysplasia to carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic epithelium']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'dysplasias']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Although altered cellular @entity460 handling plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of @entity101 , little attention has been focused on the impact of @entity460 regulating hormones on target-organs (e.g. vascular tissue). Therefore the relationship between @entity460 , @entity3151 , parathyroid hormone, 25- and @entity3873 , blood pressure (BP) and regional circulation was examined in 25 @entity1 (44 +/- 2.5 years) with moderate @entity101 (systolic BP 164 +/- 4 mmHg, diastolic BP 105 +/- 2 mmHg). @entity291 and finger blood flow were measured simultaneously using ECG-triggered plethysmography at rest and after 3 min @entity432 ( @entity450 ). Systolic and diastolic BP were inversely correlated with @entity14951 (r = -0.511 and r = -0.445, p < 0.002). @entity291 vascular resistance at rest (r = -0.46, p = 0.02) and after 3 min @entity432 (r = -0.78, p = 0.0001) was related to @entity14951 concentration. Only @entity291 vascular resistance during @entity450 was significantly related to @entity3873 (r = -0.44, p = 0.03). After correction for blood pressure @entity291 vascular resistance after 3 min @entity432 remained significantly and inversely related with @entity14951 . There was no relation between finger (skin) circulation and @entity3875 . All other @entity460 regulating factors were unrelated to the parameters of peripheral circulation. Our results indicate that among the @entity460 regulating factors, particularly @entity3875 seems to inversely influence muscle, but not skin vascular tone-independently of blood pressure in mild to moderate @entity101 .

title: Relationship between @entity3875 and the peripheral circulation in moderate arterial primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-(di) hydroxyvitamin D3', '1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['reactive hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D3']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy is used in the treatment of @entity189 . The search for biologic parameters that could be used to identify @entity1 who will respond to radiotherapy is crucial. The aim of this study was to determine whether the Ki-67 and @entity876 indices and the pretreatment apoptotic index would be useful in predicting local control and survival for a group of @entity189 @entity1 given postoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity189 treated between 1988 and 1993 were included in this study. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to a mean dose of 57.7 gray (Gy) (range, 50-68; median, 60) in 2-Gy daily fractions. Ki-67 and @entity876 immunostaining were performed on @entity982 -embedded tissue. Cells were evaluated for apoptosis using @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained slides. @entity5 characteristics were studied in relation to Ki-67, @entity876 , and apoptotic indices, and as prognostic factors for local control and survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The Ki-67, @entity876 , and pretreatment apoptotic indices were not related to any clinicopathologic @entity5 characteristics. Five-year actuarial local control for the whole group was 47%. @entity1 with @entity5 that had low Ki-67 proliferation had better long term local control (P < 0.01). and survival (P < 0.03). @entity876 expression was not predictive of local control or survival in this study. @entity1 with @entity5 that had low pretreatment apoptotic indices had better local control (P < 0.049) and survival (P < 0.056) than @entity1 with highly apoptotic @entity5 . @entity5 extension and the pretreatment apoptotic index were significant predictive factors for local control and survival in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Ki-67 proliferation measurement and the pretreatment apoptotic index are useful in predicting the clinical outcome of @entity189 @entity1 referred for radiotherapy. The role of @entity876 oncoprotein determination in predicting these outcomes is unclear. @entity5 characteristics could aid in the selection of @entity1 for different treatment strategies.

title: @entity5 proliferation, XXXX expression, and apoptosis in @entity189 : relation to the results of radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Assessment of biologic tumor', 'Clinicopathologic tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of @entity12692 ( @entity12692 ). METHODS: Clinical features and related information on diagnosis and treatment of eight cases of @entity12692 were retrospectively analyzed. The size of involved lymph nodes ranged from (2 cm x 2 cm x 3 cm) - (4 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm). The lymph nodes were found in level I (1 case), level II (3 cases), level III (3 cases) and level IV (1 case). CT examination in eight @entity1 showed the lesions manifested as @entity7085 soft masses. Dynamic contrast CT scan in four @entity1 showed ring-enhanced area around the masses. Blood routine examination in eight @entity1 were generally normal, with six @entity1 had mild @entity417 . RESULTS: Based on the clinical classification, all lesions in this group were localized @entity12692 . Histopathology indicated that all lesions were of hyaline-vascular type. After surgery, there was no recurrence during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with localized @entity12692 mainly have lymphadenectasis in a single location. The CT scan can give some evidence. Surgery should be given first priority.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of cervical XXXX presenting as a neck mass].

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['Castleman disease', 'CD']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) vs. @entity4361 + @entity4184 irrigations in post- functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity1412 (CRSwNP). Currently, no evidence exists for @entity4361 + @entity4184 irrigation over @entity4361 irrigation alone. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Subjects were prospectively enrolled to @entity4361 or @entity4361 + @entity4184 arms. @entity1 were evaluated at pre-operative and three post-operative visits (POV): @entity20963 (1-2 weeks post-op), @entity20964 (3-8 weeks post-op), and POV3 (3-6 months post-op). @entity1 were evaluated by three quality of life (QOL) questionnaires (SNOT-22, RSOM-31, and RSDI) and two olfaction scores (UPSIT and the @entity3587 test). RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were randomized, with 25 @entity1 in the @entity4361 arm and 25 @entity1 in the @entity4361 + @entity4184 arm. Two @entity1 had unexpected pathology and were excluded from the study. By @entity20964 and POV3, @entity1 experienced a significant improvement in all three QOL surveys, although the degree of improvement between arms was not significant up through POV3. Neither arm experienced significant olfactory improvement up through POV3. CONCLUSIONS: While both @entity4361 and @entity4361 + @entity4184 treatments improve QOL for post-FESS @entity1 , neither intervention significantly increases QOL as compared to the other. Olfaction was not significantly improved in either treatment group.

title: Post-operative @entity4184 irrigations for @entity1 with XXXX : a blinded, randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity4361 :: ('MESH:C537354', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'normal saline']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['polyposis']


abstract: A 63-year-old @entity1 presented to the Orthopedic Unit of our hospital complaining of right hip @entity158 of 6 months' duration associated with a worsening limp. Her past medical history included @entity740 . Physical examination revealed @entity158 in the iliac region and severe restriction of the right hip's articular function in the maximum degrees of range of motion. X-rays and CT scan detected an osteolytic and expansive lesion of the right supra-acetabular region with structural reabsorption of the right iliac wing. 99mTc- @entity7192 whole-body bone scan showed an abnormal uptake in the right iliac region. Bone biopsy revealed an @entity690 with multinucleated giant cells, indicating a @entity5 . Serum intact @entity461 was elevated (1020 pg/ml; normal values, 12-62 pg/ml), but her serum @entity460 was normal (total=9.4 mg/dl, nv 8.5-10.5; ionized=5.0 mg/dl, nv 4.2-5.4) due to the coexistence of @entity177 . 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy revealed a single focus of sestamibi accumulation in the left retrosternal location, which turned out to be an intrathoracic @entity3243 at surgical exploration. After surgical removal of the @entity3243 , @entity461 levels decreased to 212 pg/ml. Three months after parathyroidectomy, the imaging studies showed complete recovery of the @entity690 , thus avoiding any orthopedic surgery. This case is noteworthy because (1) @entity459 was not suspected due to the normocalcemia, likely attributable to the coexistence of @entity177 ; and (2) it was associated with a @entity5 of unusual location (right supra-acetabular region).

title: Supra-acetabular @entity5 due to XXXX associated with @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['brown tumor']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['deep pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Extracardiac conduits, such as Dacron or homo-graft, have been utilized for the operative management of many @entity1 with @entity3585 . However, they have been recognized to become obstructed or calcified with time. As a new material for extracardiac conduit, an original valved conduit using @entity3584 -preserved @entity1641 pericardium (Xenomedica) was investigated. Various types of valved conduit were evaluated for the hydrodynamics by a circulation system. A flow-pressure gradient Lissajous was used for the evaluation. The conduit of 10 mm in diameter had a high resistance to flow. The monocusp-valved conduit had a diastolic regurgitation (DR) at any given pressures and heart rates. The bicusp-valved conduit had a DR at higher heart rates (greater than 153/min). In this experiment, the tricusp-valved conduit with a valvular vertical versus horizontal length ratio of 2:3 had utmost favorable results under any given conditions. The valved conduits were also evaluated using sixteen mongrel @entity235 in which the conduit were used for the reconstruction of continuity between right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Five @entity235 died of @entity2348 . Following hemodynamic studies, which were performed in eleven @entity235 1, 6, and 12 months after the operation, the @entity235 were sacrificed to evaluate the histological changes in the conduits. The valvular function had been satisfactory until one month, however, it was lost in 6 months because the @entity340 were covered with neointimae grown over them. Thin neointimae were observed both at the sites of @entity254 and at the base of the valves in @entity235 sacrificed at one month. They spread from the proximal anastomotic site to distal one. They were organized and it was hard to remove them manually. Thrombi were found in six @entity235 at the proximal anastomotic site with intimal @entity1373 . There was no calcification in Xenomedica and its degenerative change was minimal. In conclusion, the @entity1641 pericardium valved conduit is thought to be an useful material for the reconstruction of right @entity3585 to improve early hemodynamic changes after operation.

title: [Experimental studies of original valved conduit using XXXX -preserved @entity1641 pericardium (Xenomedica)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['congenital right ventricular outflow obstruction', 'ventricular outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection or thrombotic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular leaflets']

answer: @entity3584 :: (MESH:D005976,Chemical) :: ['glutaraldehyde']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 1% to 3% of all @entity356 are associated with families exhibiting an autosomal dominant pattern of susceptibility. @entity5962 ( @entity5962 ) truncating mutations have been shown to be present in approximately 30% of families with @entity356 ( @entity356 ) and are associated with a significantly increased risk of @entity356 and @entity0 . METHODS: Individuals from a large kindred with @entity356 who were identified to have a @entity5962 mutation prospectively underwent comprehensive screening with stool occult blood testing, standard upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with random gastric biopsies, high-magnification endoscopy with random gastric biopsies, endoscopic ultrasonography, CT, and PET scans to evaluate the stomach for @entity5 . Subsequently, they each underwent total gastrectomy with D-2 node dissection and Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. The stomach and resected lymph nodes were evaluated pathologically. RESULTS: Six @entity1 were identified as @entity5962 carriers from a single family. There were 2 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 . The mean age was 54 years (range, 51-57 years). No @entity1 had any signs or symptoms of @entity356 . Exhaustive preoperative stomach evaluation was normal in each case, and the stomach and adjacent lymph nodes appeared normal at surgery. However, each @entity1 (6 of 6, 100%) was found to have multiple foci of T1 invasive @entity356 (pure signet-ring cell type). No @entity1 had lymph node or distant metastases. Each was staged as T1N0M0. Each @entity1 recovered uneventfully without morbidity or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5962 mutations in individuals from families with @entity356 are associated with @entity356 in a highly penetrant fashion. @entity5962 mutations are an indication for total gastrectomy in these @entity1 . This mutation will identify @entity1 with @entity5 before other detectable symptoms or signs of the disease.

title: XXXX truncating mutations in the @entity5962 gene: an indication for total gastrectomy to treat @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['lobular breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['occult cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'hereditary diffuse gastric cancer', 'HDGC', 'diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['CDH1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity5115 ( @entity5115 ) is a @entity154 of intestinal mucosa development characterized by severe intestinal failure requiring @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) and, in some cases, small bowel transplantation. A few @entity1 have had a more favorable outcome. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible correlations between histological lesion severity in duodenal biopsies and clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity5115 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5115 between 1993 and 2003 at our institution based on intractable neonatal-onset @entity294 with prolonged @entity734 on @entity3147 and duodenal biopsy findings of @entity194 , @entity5115 with enterocyte dedifferentiation and disorganization (tufting) of the surface epithelium, and crypt abnormalities. The histological lesions were assessed semiquantitatively and compared with the clinical outcomes including @entity734 on @entity3147 . RESULTS: Seven @entity1 , all from consanguineous parents, were studied for a median of 6.5 years. Three were permanently weaned off @entity3147 and experienced normal growth without nutritional assistance. Initial biopsies in all 3 @entity1 showed severe diffuse histological lesions. At weaning off @entity3147 , 2 of these 3 @entity1 had persistent, although less diffuse, histological lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive weaning off @entity3147 is possible in some @entity1 with @entity5115 . In our experience, this favorable outcome was not predicted by histological lesion severity, although the lesions improved in some @entity1 . New biomarkers for identifying the histological lesions and predicting the outcome would be useful.

title: Intractable XXXX with tufting enteropathy: a favorable outcome is possible.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['TE', 'Tufting enteropathy', 'epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['villous atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rosenthal fibers (RFs) are thick, elongated, brightly eosinophilic structures occurring within astrocytic processes. Although the presence of abundant RFs within @entity1313 is most closely associated with a low-grade @entity816 , particularly @entity816 ( @entity816 ), a few RFs are recognized to occur, although rarely, in @entity463 ( @entity463 ). We report a very rare case of @entity463 with abundant RFs. CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old @entity1 presented with a 6-month history of difficulty coordinating her right hand, occasional intermittent @entity892 , and occasional dizzy spells. An MRI showed a heterogeneously enhancing, infiltrating @entity66 with a cystic component involving the left midbrain, thalamus, and posterior basal ganglia. Biopsy was performed. Cytologic touch imprints revealed fibrillary astrocytic cells possessing oval nuclei and long delicate processes with abundant RFs. Histologic sections showed diffusely infiltrating @entity816 with prominent RFs diffusely distributed throughout the @entity5 , brisk mitotic activity, vascular proliferation, and small areas of @entity39 , as seen in a @entity463 . The Ki-67 ( @entity1758 ) labeling index was 7.1%. @entity876 immunoreactivity was not seen. A follow-up MRI study performed 3 months after the biopsy showed a considerable @entity5 progression with extension into the left superior cerebellar peduncle and progressive @entity1276 . DISCUSSION: This is a case of @entity463 (primary or de novo type). The differential diagnosis includes @entity816 and anaplastic @entity816 . For the histological diagnosis, infiltrating @entity816 with abundant RFs should be carefully examined in light of clinical information (e.g., @entity1 age, evolution of the symptoms) and neuroimaging studies.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma', 'PA', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma', 'RF-rich GBM']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Rosenthal fiber-rich glioblastoma']


abstract: We surveyed Japanese @entity1 with @entity6788 by means of a questionnaire. Clinical findings, including intellectual and motor function levels and @entity302 , were investigated. All 44 @entity1 (28 males and 16 females) with @entity6788 were sporadic. Sixteen @entity1 had underlying @entity4848 . The number of @entity1 with right-sided @entity6788 (n = 29) was almost twice that of @entity1 with left-sided @entity6788 (n = 15). Forty-one @entity1 had @entity1032 and @entity1269 and 14 @entity1 were bedridden. All @entity1 had @entity302 , which first appeared within a month in 18 cases and within 6 months in 11 cases. In 42 @entity1 , magnetic resonance imaging revealed both @entity62 in the affected hemisphere. Antiepileptic drugs were not very effective. Fifteen @entity1 were surgically treated. Eleven @entity1 underwent functional hemispherectomy, which resulted in fairly good @entity410 control and improved development. There is a correlation between the onset of @entity302 and the degree of clinical severity of @entity51 and intellectual level. Neither underlying disorders nor laterality of the affected side was related to the degree of clinical severity.

title: Clinical aspects of XXXX by means of a nationwide survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous syndromes']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['cortical and white-matter abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6788 :: ('MESH:D065705', 'Disease') :: ['hemimegalencephaly']

answer: @entity6788 :: (MESH:D065705,Disease) :: ['hemimegalencephaly']


abstract: In an ancient @entity9963 village in the neighbourhood of Leiden a cluster of @entity320 -prone families was detected. In these families atypical precursor naevi were recognizable in many @entity320 @entity1 and in their relatives. This combination of symptoms is called the @entity9397 ( @entity9397 ). The spectrum of clinical signs characterizing the phenotype of the @entity9397 ranged from apparent lack of gene-expression through minimal to obvious manifestations. Genetic analysis of six pedigrees revealed an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, with a very variable expressivity of the gene, which is also rather frequently non-penetrant. The total number of family members (affected or at risk) was 314, 243 of which were alive and were personally examined by us. In the six pedigrees a total of 33 @entity1 with @entity320 occurred. In thirty @entity1 with multiple atypical naevi, the clinical diagnosis of @entity9397 was histologically verified. A further thirty-six @entity1 with several atypical naevi were also regarded as gene carriers. Fifteen 'normal' individuals had to be gene-carriers on the basis of their position in the pedigree.

title: Clinical and genetic studies in six Dutch kindreds with the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity9397 :: ('MESH:C580062', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplastic Naevus Syndrome', 'DNS']

answer: @entity9397 :: (MESH:C580062,Disease) :: ['dysplastic naevus syndrome']


abstract: Fifty-five @entity1 with @entity1593 and coexistent malignant disease (27 @entity706 , 28 other @entity5 ) are described. The important clinical features at presentation of @entity706 were @entity353 , @entity490 , @entity294 , profound @entity425 and @entity221 , associated with @entity417 , raised ESR, @entity4988 and @entity6123 . There were no specific features to enable earlier diagnosis. Radiology was unhelpful and in no case were malignant cells seen in the jejunal biopsy. Four of the @entity706 were @entity978 , none of which involved the bowel; the remainder were reticulum cell @entity242 , 17 of which involved the bowel. Definitive diagnosis prior to @entity204 was made in only 18 @entity1 , of whom 16 survived from 2 to 226 days (mean, 76 days). Of the remaining two @entity1 , one is still alive, while the other died 26 years after the original diagnosis of @entity978 . The possibility of @entity706 should be considered in those who present with @entity1593 in middle life and in those who deteriorate for no apparent reason after a period of stability on a gluten-free diet. The index of suspicion for @entity706 should be high and early laparotomy be considered in @entity1 with unexplained deterioration. Twenty-eight @entity1 with 29 @entity189 and 3 other @entity5 are also described. The presentations of these @entity5 were no different from their presentations in non-celiac @entity1 , and their development did not provoke a relapse of @entity1593 . Considering the whole series of 55 @entity1 , there was little evidence for the view that @entity5 itself was the cause of the flat jejunal mucosal appearances seen in these @entity1 .

title: @entity1593 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma in celiac disease', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: Both mechanical and humoral triggers have been put forward to explain the @entity1184 response of the challenged cardiomyocyte. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cyclic equibiaxial stretch is a direct stimulus for isolated adult @entity95 cardiomyocytes to develop @entity1184 and to explore the potential involvement of the autocrine/paracrine factors ANG II, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1), and @entity2503 in this process. Isolated cardiomyocytes were exposed to 10% cyclic equibiaxial stretch (1 Hz) for up to 48 h or treated with ANG II (100 nM), TGF-beta(1) (5 ng/ml), @entity2503 (100 ng/ml), ANG II type 1 ( @entity1129 (1)) receptor blockers, or conditioned medium of stretched fibroblasts. Cyclic stretch significantly increased cell surface area (+3.1%), protein synthesis (+21%), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA expression (6-fold) in cardiomyocytes. TGF-beta(1) expression increased (+42%) transiently at 4 h, whereas cardiomyocyte @entity2503 expression was not detectable under all experimental conditions. The @entity1129 (1) receptor blockers @entity1564 and @entity7056 (100 nM) did not prevent the stretch-induced @entity1184 response. Direct exposure to ANG II, TGF-beta(1), or @entity2503 did not enhance cardiomyocyte BNP expression. In cardiac fibroblasts, stretch elicited a significant approximately twofold increase in TGF-beta(1) and @entity2503 expression. Conditioned medium of stretched fibroblasts increased BNP expression in cardiomyocytes ( approximately 2-fold, P = 0.07). This study clearly indicates that cyclic stretch is a strong, direct trigger to induce @entity1184 in fully differentiated @entity95 cardiomyocytes. The present findings do not support the notion that stretch-mediated @entity1184 of adult @entity95 cardiomyocytes involves autocrine/paracrine actions of ANG II, TGF-beta(1), or @entity2503 .

title: Stretch-induced @entity1184 of isolated adult XXXX cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of stool water analysis in the management of @entity1 with chronic @entity294 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 6 years of experience. SETTING: A specialized laboratory in a major referral center. @entity1 : 325 @entity1 with @entity294 who were referred for stool chemistry analysis. Fecal analysis was requested by many internists and gastroenterologists. @entity1 records were reviewed to establish the final and most likely cause of @entity294 . RESULTS: One third of @entity1 provided samples that were inappropriate for analysis, but data from 202 @entity1 were available. The usefulness of the general separation of cases of chronic @entity294 into those in which @entity1 had predominantly osmotic pathophysiologies and those in which @entity1 had predominantly secretory pathophysiologies was confirmed, but overlap and intra-individual variability limited the usefulness of this approach in individual @entity1 . Thirty-five @entity1 (17%) had a diagnosis of factitial @entity294 (30 because of laxative use and 5 because of fluid added to stools). CONCLUSIONS: Among selected subpopulations, the chemical analysis of fresh stools has a role in the evaluation of obscure examples of chronic @entity294 . It is especially useful in identifying factitial @entity294 .

title: Stool composition in factitial XXXX : a 6-year experience with stool analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'persons']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: @entity24373 ( @entity24373 ) plays a pivotal role in @entity56 such as @entity565 , @entity1030 , and @entity483 . Enhanced @entity24373 expression has been detected in asthmatic airways that correlated with both the expression of Th2-attracting chemokines and with disease severity. Although cumulative evidence suggests that @entity1 airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells can initiate or perpetuate the airway inflammation by secreting a variety of inflammatory cell products such as cytokines and chemokines, the role of @entity24373 in this pathway is not known. In the current study, we sought to investigate whether HASM cells express the @entity24374 ( @entity24374 ) and whether it is functional. We first demonstrated that primary HASM cells express the transcript and protein of both @entity24374 subunits ( @entity24374 and @entity6978 ). Functionally, @entity24374 -mediated HASM activation induced a significant increase in CXC ( @entity687 / @entity687 ), CC ( @entity14700 / @entity14700 ) chemokines, and proinflammatory cytokine @entity650 expression. Furthermore, using biochemical and genetic approaches, we found that @entity24373 -induced proinflammatory gene expression in HASM involved the transcriptional mechanisms, MAPKs ( @entity1366 , @entity3963 , and @entity4675 ), and @entity4104 activation. Finally, @entity24374 immunoreactivity in bronchial sections from mild allergic asthmatics suggested the potential in vivo @entity24373 targeting of HASM. Altogether, our data suggest that the @entity24374 -mediated HASM activation induces proinflammatory cytokine and chemokines release that may facilitate inflammatory immune cells recruitment in airways. In addition, it may be inferred that @entity24374 is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity56 through the activation of HASM cells by @entity24373 .

title: @entity24373 receptor-mediated @entity650 and CC/CXC chemokines expression in @entity1 airway smooth muscle cells: role of MAPKs ( XXXX , @entity3963 , and @entity4675 and @entity4104 pathways.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity24373 :: ('85480', 'Gene') :: ['Thymic stromal lymphopoietin', 'TSLP']

answer: @entity1366 :: (5595;5594,Gene) :: ['ERK1/2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite its estimated high heritability, the genetic architecture leading to differences in cognitive performance remains poorly understood. Different cortical regions play important roles in normal cognitive functioning and impairment. Recently, we reported on sets of regionally enriched genes in three different cortical areas (frontomedial, temporal and occipital cortices) of the adult @entity35 brain. It has been suggested that genes preferentially, or specifically, expressed in one region or organ reflect functional specialisation. Employing a gene-based approach to the analysis, we used the regionally enriched cortical genes to mine a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the Norwegian Cognitive NeuroGenetics (NCNG) sample of healthy adults for association to nine psychometric tests measures. In addition, we explored GWAS data sets for the serious @entity146 @entity161 ( @entity161 ) (n = 3 samples) and @entity162 (BP) (n = 3 samples), to which @entity73 is linked. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: At the single gene level, the temporal cortex enriched gene @entity163 ( @entity163 ) showed the strongest overall association, namely to a test of verbal intelligence (Vocabulary, P = 7.7E-04). We also applied gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to test the candidate genes, as gene sets, for enrichment of association signal in the NCNG GWAS and in GWASs of BP and of @entity161 . We found that genes differentially expressed in the temporal cortex showed a significant enrichment of association signal in a test measure of non-verbal intelligence (Reasoning) in the NCNG sample. CONCLUSION: Our gene-based approach suggests that @entity163 could be involved in verbal intelligence differences, while the genes enriched in the temporal cortex might be important to intellectual functions as measured by a test of reasoning in the healthy population. These findings warrant further replication in independent samples on cognitive traits.

title: Gene-based analysis of regionally enriched cortical genes in GWAS data sets of cognitive traits and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity163 :: ('309288(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['RAR-related orphan receptor B', 'RORB']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SCZ']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the compliance, benefits and side effects associated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy among @entity15449 @entity1 treated for @entity27 ( @entity27 ) in private sector. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed to have @entity27 based on overnight study who were recommended for CPAP therapy, between 1998 and 2003, were evaluated by telephonic survey and review of hospital notes. Compliance, benefits and side effects associated with CPAP therapy were assessed. RESULTS: Out of 135 @entity1 who were prescribed CPAP therapy, 75 could be contacted. Sixty (80%) started using CPAP within one month of diagnosis and 46 (61%) continued to use it long-term (beyond one year). Compliance with CPAP therapy was associated with higher body mass index, higher @entity25 scale score, history of witnessed @entity386 , and reduction in @entity25 with CPAP therapy. @entity27 severity as assessed by @entity386 - @entity387 index did not affect compliance with CPAP therapy. Use of anti-depressants and CPAP induced @entity25 were associated with poor compliance with CPAP therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity, excessive @entity25 , witnessed @entity386 and improvement of daytime symptoms following use of CPAP were predictors of improved compliance. Use of antidepressants and CPAP induced @entity25 were predictors of poor compliance.

title: Compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for XXXX among privately paying @entity1 - a cross sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'Epworth sleepiness', 'sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: According to current theory, @entity46 is initiated during retrograde menstruation when menstrual fragments flow out of the fimbriated end of the fallopian tubes and become established on the ovarian surface or other sites in the peritoneal cavity. In recent years, new data have accumulated on the properties of menstruating tissue itself, and several laboratories agree that this tissue is rich in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that may facilitate endometriotic implantation. Recently, we found that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its receptor @entity319 ( @entity319 ) were dramatically upregulated in the stromal cells of the superficial endometrial zones by @entity1420 (P) withdrawal during the premenstrual phase. A unique role of @entity7 at this stage of the cycle may be to stimulate MMP expression in stromal cells because @entity7 , @entity319 , and MMPs were all coordinately induced in these cells in the superficial zone of the primate endometrium by P withdrawal. The rich content of MMPs and @entity7 in the menstrual fragments could facilitate attachment and angiogenesis of menstrual fragments in ectopic sites. In addition, a variety of chemokines, cytokines, and cellular regulators are induced by P withdrawal in the premenstrual @entity1 endometrium. These include NFKB, @entity2918 , @entity687 ( @entity687 ), @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ), and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), among others. The perivascular expression of several of these factors may facilitate the rapid invasion of leukocytes into the endometrium, especially in the superficial zones. Consequently, menstrual fragments may be rich in @entity687 and @entity2842 , both of which would add to the angiogenic potential of such fragments in ectopic sites. In sum, menstrual tissue is rich in @entity7 , @entity319 , MMPs, leukocytes, chemokines, cytokines, and @entity2918 , all factors that may facilitate attachment and angiogenesis when menstrual fragments exit from the tubes and implant on pelvic sites. Additional research on these and other factors in premenstrual and menstrual endometrium may deepen our understanding of both the establishment and progression of this debilitating disease.

title: Premenstrual and menstrual changes in the macaque and @entity1 endometrium: relevance to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic peptide-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: @entity548 is still a life-threatening complication of portal @entity101 responsible for an appreciable rate of morbidity and mortality. The most appropriate treatment approach, whether drugs (nonselective beta-blockers) or endoscopic (variceal band ligation) therapy, to prevent the initial bleed, or primary prophylaxis, is an issue of controversy. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials indicates that banding seems to be somehow slightly more effective than beta-blockers at preventing a first @entity548 episode, but this does not translate to improved survival. The firmness of this conclusion is, in addition, diminished by the small sample size and short follow-up of most studies. Moreover, adverse events due to banding are more severe than those associated with beta-blockers. Thus, beta-blockers remain as first-line therapy in @entity1 with @entity82 and large esophageal varices. Prophylactic therapy with beta-blockers can be considered in @entity1 with small varices, especially in those with red signs or @entity1 class C @entity409 . The available evidence does not support the idea that organic @entity3362 improve the efficacy of beta-blockers in primary prophylaxis. The method used to establish the dose of beta-blockers and check its effect on hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) has also been disputed. An attractive strategy is to measure the HVPG response to beta-blockers as a guide to primary prophylaxis, with the aim of switching to another therapy, that is, band ligation, in HVPG nonresponders. However, no study has yet demonstrated that banding as rescue therapy in nonresponders lowers the risk of first @entity548 and improves survival.

title: Preventing first @entity548 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Variceal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: We report the first case of @entity2631 -like @entity272 induced by @entity1205 chemotherapy for @entity263 in Japan. A 67-year-old @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy for cT3aN0M0 @entity263 in 2003. Thereafter PSA recurrence developed and antiandrogen deprivation therapy was used. However, we diagnosed this case as hormone @entity263 and began @entity1205 chemotherapy in October 2008. There were no nonhematological adverse events through two courses of treatment. He presented to dermatology due to @entity158 and swelling of both upper arms on the second day of the third course. However, when treated with a cooling method, swelling of the upper arms became worse and @entity9153 rose to 1,921 IU/I on the eighth day. We administered a @entity134 ointment and an antibiotic due to suspicion of @entity2268 . Nevertheless, @entity9153 rose to 2,791 IU/I and a skin biopsy was done. In consequence, @entity2631 -like @entity272 induced by @entity1205 chemotherapy was diagnosed. @entity4 appeared in both lower limbs and the @entity158 got worse on the 17th day. Therefore @entity1205 chemotherapy was discontinued and @entity617 was increased to 30 mg/day, in addition to beginning codeine use for the @entity158 . Thereafter, the @entity158 was ameliorated.

title: [ @entity2631 -like @entity272 induced by @entity1205 chemotherapy for hormone XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Swelling']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful sclerosis', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: Due to the unpredictable nature of @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ), it would be clinically valuable to discover a reliable biomarker for disease activity and progression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of anti- @entity6300 antibodies, sCD40L and @entity13982 in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and their relation to disease activity and kidney involvement. This study included 47 @entity1 with @entity1252 , 28 with @entity1988 and 19 without @entity1988 , as well as, 20 healthy subjects as controls. All subjects underwent complete history, examination and estimation of disease activity index (SLEDAI) and renal SLEDAI. The following investigations were done for all subjects: anti- @entity6300 antibodies, sCD40L, @entity13982 and @entity404 / @entity405 ratio, in addition to complete blood picture, ESR, kidney function tests, ANA, anti-ds DNA antibodies and C3, C4. Anti- @entity6300 antibodies, sCD40L and @entity13982 and anti-dsDNA were significantly higher in @entity1252 @entity1 than controls (P < 0.001 for each), while C3, C4 and @entity404 / @entity405 ratio were significantly lower (P < 0.001, 0.05 and 0.001 respectively). In @entity1988 patients, anti- @entity6300 antibodies, sCD40L and @entity13982 were significantly higher than non @entity1988 @entity1 (P < 0.001 for each). Anti- @entity6300 antibodies, sCD40L and @entity13982 correlated with traditional disease activity parameters (C3, C4, anti-dsDNA and SLEDAI) as well as rSLEDAI. Levels of serum @entity13982 correlated with the development of @entity1988 in @entity1 with @entity1252 . We concluded that anti- @entity6300 antibodies, sCD40L and @entity13982 may be used as serum biomarkers for the assessment of disease activity and development of @entity1988 .

title: Anti- @entity6300 antibodies, sCD40L, @entity13982 and @entity404 / @entity405 ratio in XXXX and their relations to disease activity and renal involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity461 is prevalent in tropical settings where diverse opportunities exist for transmission between @entity1 and animals. We conducted a cross-sectional study of @entity461 in @entity1 , livestock, and wild primates near Kibale National Park, Uganda, where @entity1 -livestock-wildlife interaction is high due to habitat disturbance. Our goal was to infer the cross-species transmission potential of @entity461 using molecular methods and to investigate clinical consequences of infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Real-time PCR on DNA extracted from fecal samples revealed a combined prevalence of @entity461 in @entity1 from three villages of 44/108 (40.7%), with prevalence reaching 67.5% in one village. Prevalence rates in livestock and primates were 12.4% and 11.1%, respectively. Age was associated with @entity461 infection in @entity1 (higher prevalence in individuals <or=15 years) and livestock (higher prevalence in subadult versus adult animals), but other potential risk factors in @entity1 (gender, contact with domestic animals, working in fields, working in forests, source of drinking water, and medication use) were not. @entity461 infection was not associated with @entity344 in @entity1 , nor was clinical disease noted in livestock or primates. Sequence analysis of four @entity461 genes identified assemblage AII in @entity1 , assemblage @entity3032 in @entity1 and endangered @entity24378 monkeys, and assemblage E in livestock and @entity24378 , representing the first documentation of assemblage E in a non- @entity1 primate. In addition, genetic relationships within the @entity3032 assemblage revealed sub-clades of identical @entity461 sequences from @entity1 and @entity24378 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our finding of @entity461 in @entity1 and primates (assemblage @entity3032 ) and livestock and primates (assemblage E) underscores that cross-species transmission of multiple @entity461 assemblages may occur in locations such as western Uganda where @entity1 , livestock, and primates overlap in their use of habitat. Our data also demonstrate a high but locally variable prevalence of @entity461 in @entity1 from western Uganda, but little evidence of associated clinical disease. Reverse zoonotic @entity461 transmission may be particularly frequent in tropical settings where anthropogenic habitat disturbance forces @entity1 and livestock to interact at high rates with wildlife, and this could have negative consequences for wildlife conservation.

title: Molecular epidemiology of cross-species XXXX transmission in western Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia duodenalis', 'G. duodenalis']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Species) :: ['Giardia duodenalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4591 clearance ( @entity4592 ) constitutes a sensitive indicator of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity providing specific information on hepatic function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of hypocaloric peripheral parenteral nutrition on @entity4592 in @entity1 receiving nutrition support after elective surgery. METHODS: @entity4592 was measured in 15 @entity1 before elective gastrointestinal surgery and 6 days after the surgery. @entity4591 (1 g) was administered orally, and @entity4592 was determined by the one-sample method. Subjects received a postoperative 786 kcal/d regimen providing 66 g of @entity535 per day and 133 g of @entity413 per day for 5 days. Nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric parameters. A control group of 15 @entity1 received no postoperative hypocaloric peripheral parenteral nutrition but received conventional fluid therapy. RESULTS: Mean @entity4592 was increased by 61% (0.66 +/- 0.06 mL/min.kg-1 body wt vs 0.41 +/- 0.05 mL/min.kg-1 body wt in the preoperative period; p < .001), and @entity4591 half-life was reduced by 42% (10.9 +/- 1.0 hours vs 18.9 +/- 2.0 hours; p < .001) after 5 days of hypocaloric peripheral parenteral nutrition. No significant modification was shown among control @entity1 in @entity4592 (0.54 +/- 0.07 mL/min.kg-1 body wt vs 0.46 +/- 0.05 mL/min.kg-1 body wt in the preoperative period) or in @entity4591 half-life (14.0 +/- 1.4 hours vs 16.5 +/- 1.8 hours). No significant correlation was observed between @entity4592 changes and those for the nutritional status of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that oxidative drug-metabolizing capacity is increased in surgical @entity1 maintained on hypocaloric peripheral parenteral nutrition. Clinicians should be conscious of the potential of this effect for altering the efficacy or @entity137 of many therapeutic agents.

title: XXXX clearance in surgical @entity1 maintained on hypocaloric peripheral parenteral nutrition.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4591 :: ('MESH:D000983', 'Chemical') :: ['Antipyrine', 'antipyrine']

answer: @entity4591 :: (MESH:D000983,Chemical) :: ['Antipyrine']


abstract: Wnt signaling is a critical regulatory pathway in development and disease. Very little is known about the mechanisms of Wnt signaling in @entity263 , a leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 . A quantitative analysis of the expression of @entity18297 protein in @entity1 tissue arrays, containing 600 prostate tissue cores, showed >50% increase in malignant compared to benign cores (p<0.0001). In a matched pair of @entity263 and normal cell line, expression of @entity18297 protein was also increased. @entity460 waves were induced in prostate cells in response to @entity18297 with a 3 fold increase in Flou-4 intensity. The activity of @entity141 /calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), a transducer of the non-canonical Wnt/ @entity141 signaling, increased by 8 fold in @entity5 cells; no change was observed in @entity3546 expression, known to activate the canonical Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway. Mining of publicly available @entity1 @entity263 oligoarray datasets revealed that the expression of numerous genes (e.g., @entity4910 , @entity1759 ) under the control of @entity3546 transcription is down-regulated. Confocal and quantitative electron microscopy showed that specific inhibition of CaMKII in @entity5 cells causes remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, irregular wound edges and loose intercellular architecture and a 6 and 8 fold increase in the frequency and length of filopodia, respectively. Conversely, untreated normal prostate cells showed an irregular wound edge and loose intercellular architecture; incubation of normal prostate cells with recombinant @entity18297 protein induced actin remodeling with a regular wound edge and increased wound healing capacity. Live cell imaging showed that a functional consequence of CaMKII inhibition was 80% decrease in wound healing capacity and reduced cell motility in @entity5 cells. We propose that non-canonical Wnt/ @entity141 signaling via CaMKII acts as a novel regulator of structural plasticity and cell motility in @entity263 .

title: A novel role for Wnt/ XXXX signaling in actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell motility in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have reported that @entity1 @entity263 @entity19023 (E) cells undertake epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when stimulated by certain soluble factors, and that EMT is regulated by surface receptor-elicited signaling pathways through protein phosphorylation. It is known that @entity4621 @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), a potent antagonist to both conventional and novel @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) isoenzymes, induces @entity5 cell scattering. METHODS: To assess the effect of @entity4515 on EMT, @entity19023 (E) cells were treated with @entity4515 and were assayed for EMT-related morphologic and behavioral changes. Specific inhibitors were used to investigate the @entity4515 -induced EMT. RESULTS: @entity4515 at 100 nM induced EMT in a time-dependent manner, resulting in a complete change from epithelial to mesenchymal stromal morphology. Concurrently, @entity4515 inhibited expression of epithelial marker @entity5962 and increased the level of stromal marker protein @entity2277 , while the treated cells showed increased migratory and invasive capacities. Using specific inhibitors, we confirmed that the effect of @entity4515 was mediated by @entity7131 , while isoenzymes of the novel @entity7131 subfamily were implicated as the main mediator. Finally, we determined that the EMT was dependent on newly synthesized proteins, because inhibitors for gene transcription and protein translation could both inhibit the initiation of EMT. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity4515 is well known for its effects on cell migration and @entity5 formation, this work is the first to define @entity4515 as an EMT inducer in @entity263 cells. Further investigation in this experimental model may reveal important regulatory mechanisms and additional molecular changes underlying EMT.

title: Phorbol ester @entity1359 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in @entity1 XXXX ARCaPE cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) of the skin is the most common @entity1 @entity5 . The genetic alterations underlying @entity1491 development are only partly understood. OBJECTIVES: To investigate further the molecular genetics of sporadic BCCs, we performed mutation analyses of 10 @entity1489 -associated genes in 42 @entity5 . METHODS: Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis followed by DNA sequencing was used to screen for mutations in the sonic hedgehog pathway genes @entity2750 , @entity2751 , @entity25181 and @entity8889 , in the @entity876 @entity5 suppressor gene, and in the proto-oncogenes @entity8497 , @entity984 , @entity8498 , @entity817 and @entity3546 . Microsatellite markers flanking the @entity2750 , @entity25181 and @entity876 loci at 9q22, 10q24 and 17p13, respectively, were studied for loss of heterozygosity (LOH). RESULTS: @entity2750 mutations were found in 28 of 42 @entity5 (67%). Microsatellite analysis revealed LOH on 9q22 in 20 of 38 @entity5 investigated (53%), including 14 @entity5 with and six @entity5 without @entity2750 mutations. @entity2751 mutations were identified in four of the 42 BCCs (10%) while two @entity5 demonstrated mutations in @entity25181 , including one missense mutation and one silent mutation. None of the BCCs showed LOH at markers flanking the @entity25181 locus. Seventeen BCCs (40%) carried @entity876 mutations, with only three @entity5 showing evidence of biallelic @entity876 inactivation. @entity876 mutations were present in BCCs with and without mutations in @entity2750 , @entity2751 or @entity25181 . Interestingly, 72% of the @entity876 alterations were presumably ultraviolet (UV)-induced transition mutations. In contrast, only 40% of the @entity2750 and @entity2751 alterations corresponded to UV signature mutations. No mutations were identified in @entity8889 , @entity8497 , @entity984 , @entity8498 , @entity817 or @entity3546 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the importance of @entity2750 , @entity2751 and @entity876 mutations in the pathogenesis of sporadic BCCs. @entity25181 alterations are restricted to individual cases while the other investigated genes do not appear to be important targets for mutations in BCCs.

title: Somatic mutations in the @entity2750 , @entity2751 , @entity25181 and XXXX genes in sporadic basal cell carcinomas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCC', 'Basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['TP53']