abstract: From 1964 to 1972, 69 @entity1 were treated for @entity189 of the tonsillar region; all have been followed for at least 4 years. Sixteen @entity1 (23%) had second primaries, and in 11 they were clearly the cause of @entity204 . No irradiated @entity1 has died from primary recurrence after 2 years. The overall 3 year determinate survival rate (NED) for @entity1 treated curatively was 63% (32/51). Twenty-four @entity1 had interstitial implants after preliminary external radiation (usually 4,000 rad in 4 weeks). Local control (2+ years) was obtained in at least 82% (18/22); two clearly had recurrence. Of 12 stage I or II @entity1 , 11 survived at least 2 years without evidence of disease; of 12 stage III or IV @entity1 , seven did. Survival could have been improved by more aggressive management of neck nodes, as shown by results for the @entity1 treated since 1969. While small superficial ulcers frequently occurred in the group with implants, all healed spontaneously in 1--6 months; there were no serious complications. The main advantages of implantation are reduction in serious complications and @entity2133 .

title: Interstitial radiation in the treatment of XXXX of the tonsillar region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of incidentally found cases of @entity1086 , the incidence of @entity66 at reexploration, and the changes in the mode of presentation, treatment, and survival of @entity1 with @entity1086 during a period of more than 4 decades. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary care center. @entity1 : Between January 1, 1962, and @entity3490 , 2008, 402 @entity1 with @entity1086 were identified and their clinicopathologic data were analyzed. INTERVENTIONS: Surgical treatment, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidentally discovered @entity1086 , incidence of @entity66 , and differences in presentation, treatment, and survival. RESULTS: Surgical exploration was performed in 260 @entity1 (64.7%), of whom 151 (58.1%) underwent resection. The median age of the @entity1 was 72 years, and 72.3% were female. Between January 1, 1994, and @entity3490 , 2008, 6881 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed, and there were 17 incidentally discovered cases of @entity1086 (0.25%). @entity66 on reexploration was identified in 0 of 2 @entity1 with T1 @entity5 , 3 of 13 @entity1 with T2 @entity5 , and 8 of 10 @entity1 with T3 @entity5 (P = .01). @entity1 with stage IV disease (34 [13.1%] diagnosed from 1962-1979; 34 [13.1%] diagnosed from 1980-1997; and 22 [8.5%] diagnosed from 1998-2008) had a median survival of 4 months (range, 0-37 months). Concomitant liver resections increased in the third study period (11.1%, 10.1%, and 54.3%; P < .001), with an increase in negative margins (33.3%, 42.0%, and 63.0%; P = .01). Cox regression analysis identified T stage and surgical margin status as significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1086 is incidentally found during 0.25% of laparoscopic cholecystectomies. As T stage increases, the likelihood of @entity66 on reexploration increases. Although many @entity1 with @entity1086 present with incurable disease and have very poor survival, the overall prognosis is improving, likely because of more extensive operations.

title: Trends in presentation and survival for XXXX during a period of more than 4 decades: a single-institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder cancer']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: When a male @entity19 is presented with two @entity8200 congenic two female in estrus, his choice of a mate is influenced by their @entity8200 types. The term "strain preference" is used to describe the general tendency of the male population of one inbred strain to prefer two female of one @entity8200 type rather than another. The term "consistency of choice" is used to describe the added tendency of particular two males of one inbred strain, in sequential mating trials, to prefer two females of the @entity8200 type they chose in previous trials. Statistical analysis showed trends in the data that support the following conclusions: (a) The choice is made by the male, not the female. (b) The strain preference of two males may favor two females of dissimilar @entity8200 type (four of six comparisons), or of similar @entity8200 type (one of six comparisons). (c) Consistency of choice does not always correspond with strain preference. In one of six comparisons of @entity8200 genotypes there was no strain preference but pronounced consistency of choice by individual two male. This suggests memory, but fortuitous bias is not excluded. (d) Strain preference of the same male population may favor two male of the same or a different @entity8200 type, depending on which different @entity8200 type is offered as the choice alternative to self. These findings conform to a provisional model in which olfactory mating preference is governed by two linked genes in the region of @entity8200 , one for the female signal and one for the male receptor. These mating preferences could in natural populations serve the purpose of increasing the representation of particular @entity8200 haplotypes or of maintaining heterozygosity of genes in the region of @entity8200 .

title: Control of mating preferences in XXXX by genes in the major histocompatibility complex.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: A variant of the @entity2335 , minimal or no @entity158 or significant @entity158 that has been lessened by another therapy, can be clinically improved by retraining of the individual's voiding pattern. @entity1 with greater @entity158 but capable of completing this protocol also may be helped. While this group of @entity1 fills the diagnostic criteria of IC and has many of the classic changes, many differ in that they have minimal or no @entity158 , while simultaneously they have a dysfunctional bladder as expected from long-term low-volume voiding. All @entity1 were placed on a protocol which focused on progressively increasing intervals between voids. Fifteen to thirty minutes initially were added to their present voiding time. The same increase was added to the voiding pattern every three or four weeks until an interval of three to four hours between voids was achieved. Twenty-one @entity1 fit the criteria to be entered into this study. Overall 71 percent (15/21) had successful management of their symptoms and reported a 50 percent decrease in their symptoms of urinary urgency, frequency, and @entity2183 . Nineteen percent (4/21) reported 25 percent decrease in symptoms and 10 percent had no change. Presence of significant @entity158 adversely affects outcome, 3/7 (with @entity158 ) improvements versus 12/14 (without @entity158 ). For all @entity1 there was a significant increase in bladder capacity (92 mL average before study and 179 mL after) and average daily voids (13.2/day prestudy and 7.4 post-therapy). These differences in voided profiles were statistically significant (p value less than 0.01).

title: XXXX : successful management by increasing urinary voiding intervals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis (IC) syndrome']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['Interstitial cystitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare recent trends of @entity6 prevalence, incidence and mortality between @entity1 and @entity1 living in urban and rural Alberta, Canada. METHODS: We tracked population trends in @entity6 in adults based on diagnostic codes from provincial administrative health records from 1995 to 2006. Location of residence was defined by registered postal codes. Sex-stratified logistic regression with interactions was used to compare increases in rates over the past decade by location of residence, adjusting for age. RESULTS: @entity1 in rural residences had the greatest increases in prevalence, at 61%, from 3.6 per 100 in 1995 to 5.8 per 100 in 2006, compared with a 55% increase in urban @entity1 , from 3.9 per 100 in 1995 to 6.0 per 100 in 2006 (P < 0.001). @entity6 incidence in rural @entity1 increased 61% while urban @entity1 had a similar increase of 59% (P = 0.177). Incidence was lower in @entity1 in both urban and rural locations, at 5.6 and 5.3 per 1000 in 2006. Overall, mortality rates decreased by 34% for urban @entity1 and 8% for rural @entity1 with @entity6 (P = 0.006). @entity1 with @entity6 had no decline in overall mortality, compared with a 28% reduction in urban @entity1 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 prevalence remains highest in @entity1 , with the greatest increases seen in @entity1 living in rural residences. While mortality rates have declined substantially over the past decade for those @entity1 with @entity6 living in urban settings, declines in mortality in rural areas have been much more modest (for @entity1 ) or non-existent (for @entity1 ).

title: Increasing incidence and prevalence with limited survival gains among rural Albertans with XXXX : a retrospective cohort study, 1995-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Men', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes in rural areas']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity583 is @entity1455 . We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate early revascularization in @entity1 with @entity1455 . METHODS: @entity1 with shock due to @entity1002 complicating @entity583 were randomly assigned to emergency revascularization (152 @entity1 ) or initial medical stabilization (150 @entity1 ). Revascularization was accomplished by either coronary-artery bypass grafting or angioplasty. Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation was performed in 86 percent of the @entity1 in both groups. The primary end point was mortality from all causes at 30 days. Six-month survival was a secondary end point. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 66+/-10 years, 32 percent were @entity1 and 55 percent were transferred from other hospitals. The median time to the onset of shock was 5.6 hours after @entity1188 , and most @entity1188 were anterior in location. Ninety-seven percent of the @entity1 assigned to revascularization underwent early coronary angiography, and 87 percent underwent revascularization; only 2.7 percent of the @entity1 assigned to medical therapy crossed over to early revascularization without clinical indication. Overall mortality at 30 days did not differ significantly between the revascularization and medical-therapy groups (46.7 percent and 56.0 percent, respectively; difference, -9.3 percent; 95 percent confidence interval for the difference, -20.5 to 1.9 percent; P=0.11). Six-month mortality was lower in the revascularization group than in the medical-therapy group (50.3 percent vs. 63.1 percent, P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1455 , emergency revascularization did not significantly reduce overall mortality at 30 days. However, after six months there was a significant survival benefit. Early revascularization should be strongly considered for @entity1 with @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 .

title: Early revascularization in @entity583 complicated by XXXX . SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for @entity1455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increasing number of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom veterans experience @entity1118 . Despite treatment guidelines, there is wide variation in physicians' approaches to @entity158 treatment, and many physicians are unsure of the best treatment approach. Research has examined factors associated with opioid prescribing, but there is little information on physician characteristics that predict patterns of clinical responses to @entity158 . OBJECTIVES: To identify patterns in primary care physicians' treatment decisions for nonmalignant @entity1118 , and identify physician and practice characteristics that predict treatment decision patterns. METHODS: A national sample of 381 primary care physicians who responded to a mailed vignette involving a veteran with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) were categorized into latent classes by clinical actions taken to treat the @entity158 . The associations between newly derived treatment patterns and physician and practice characteristics were examined with multivariate models. RESULTS: Latent class analysis identified three treatment approaches: 1) Multimodal/Aggressive (14%); 2) Low Action (38%); and 3) Psychosocial/Non-Opioid (48%). In a multivariate model, treatment pattern was associated with demographic and personality factors; opioid-related attitudes, beliefs, and concerns; perceptions of the @entity1 ; availability of resources; and practice characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: There may be distinct patterns in primary care physicians' responses to @entity1 with @entity1118 . Relatively few physicians use the multimodal approach endorsed by proponents of the biopsychosocial model of @entity158 treatment. Several physician and practice characteristics predict patterns of clinical action.

title: Understanding primary care physicians' treatment of XXXX : the role of physician and practice factors.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: The cleavage of the @entity5290 subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF-4F) that is induced by the @entity9925 protease 2A has been shown previously to require another translation initiation factor, @entity19601 . The role of @entity19601 in this cleavage reaction, however, is not known. An antiserum was raised against @entity1 @entity19601 and used to analyze the @entity19601 subunit composition in @entity9925 -infected and uninfected HeLa cells and after incubation of @entity19601 in vitro with viral 2A protease. No evidence for 2Apro-dependent cleavage of any @entity19601 subunit was detected. Infected cells contain an activity that catalyzes the cleavage of @entity5290 to a specific set of cleavage products. This activity is thought to be an activated form of a latent cellular protease. The @entity5290 -specific cleavage activity was partially purified. It was resolved from @entity19601 by both gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. Neither intact @entity19601 nor any detectable subunits of @entity19601 were found to copurify with the @entity5290 -specific cleavage activity. The latter activity behaves as a protein of 55,000 to 60,000 molecular weight and is inhibited by alkylating agents and metals, which indicates the presence of essential @entity1432 groups. When this activity was incubated with partially purified @entity5290 , cleavage occurred only in the presence of @entity19601 . Thus, @entity19601 appears to play a role in the @entity5290 cleavage cascade which is subsequent to the 2Apro-induced activation of the @entity5290 -specific protease.

title: Relationship of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 to @entity9925 -induced XXXX cleavage activity.

answer: @entity5290 :: (1981,Gene) :: ['p220']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 often initiate insulin with once-daily basal insulin. Over time, many @entity1 intensify their insulin regimens in an attempt to attain and sustain glycemic targets. This study compares three intensification approaches: changing insulin glargine to preprandial AIR inhaled insulin (developed by Alkermes, Inc. [Cambridge, MA] and Eli Lilly and Company [Indianapolis, IN]; AIR is a registered trademark of Alkermes, Inc.), intensifying glargine via validated titration algorithms (IG), or adding AIR insulin while intensifying glargine (AIR + IG). METHODS: Five hundred sixty @entity1 with hemoglobin A(1c) ( @entity3916 ) of 7.5-10.5%, on one or more antihyperglycemic medications, and on once-daily insulin glargine for > or =4 months were randomly allocated to one of the three treatments lasting 52 weeks. The primary objective assessed between-group differences in @entity3916 mean change from baseline to 24 weeks using last-observation-carried-forward (LOCF) in the intent-to-treat population. RESULTS: At 24 weeks, @entity3916 was reduced from a mean baseline of 8.5% to 7.7%, 7.9%, and 7.5% for the AIR, IG, and AIR + IG groups, respectively. AIR produced 0.20% greater @entity3916 decrease than IG (least-squares mean difference = -0.20%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.39, -0.02). AIR + IG had a 0.35% greater @entity3916 decrease versus IG (95% CI, -0.57, -0.13). The -0.15% difference between AIR + IG versus AIR was not significant (P < 0.198). More @entity4053 categorized as severe occurred with AIR alone versus IG alone at LOCF end points. More @entity4053 occurred with IG alone versus AIR alone and AIR + IG. CONCLUSIONS: Preprandial inhaled insulin provides an alternative for @entity1 not optimized on insulin glargine alone. Glycemic control, hypoglycemic risk, delivery preference, and regimen complexity must be considered when selecting insulin initiation and optimization regimens.

title: Comparison of prandial AIR inhaled insulin alone to intensified insulin glargine alone and to AIR insulin plus intensified insulin glargine in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 previously treated with once-daily insulin glargine.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'nocturnal hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgery for spinal @entity3 is often associated with significant morbidity. Despite a number of preoperative scoring systems/scales and identified variables that have been reported to predict complication risk, clinical studies that directly evaluate this issue using multivariate analysis are scarce. The goal of our study was to assess independent predictors of complication after surgery for spinal @entity3 . METHODS: We queried electronic medical records to identify a consecutive population of adult @entity1 who underwent surgery for spinal @entity3 for the period June 2005 through June 2011. Utilizing multivariate logistic regression, we assessed independent predictors of perioperative and postoperative adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 106 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. Overall complication rate was 21.7 %. Independent predictors for higher rates of complication were age greater than 40 years [40-65 years had @entity11512 , 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.02-16.78 and >65 years had OR 5.17, 95 % CI 1.54-29.81] and metastatic lesions involving three or more contiguous levels of the spine (OR 2.76, 95 % CI 1.09-9.61). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 older than 40 years or @entity1 who have metastatic lesions involving three or more contiguous vertebral levels appear to be at higher risk for complication. @entity1 older than 65 years have the greatest likelihood of complication.

title: Independent predictors of complication following surgery for spinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: There is an increasing interest in the health risks related to the use of herbal remedies. Although most consumers think that phytomedicines are safe and without side effects, interactions between complementary alternative and conventional medicines are being described. The aim of this clinical case report is to highlight the importance of the safe use of herbal remedies by providing a clinical interaction study between pharmaceutical medicines and herbal medicinal products. The case of a @entity1 self-medicated with Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. while he was on @entity2934 treatment is described. Handshaking, dizziness, throbbing and muscular @entity1295 were reported within the 32 h before clinical diagnosis. The analysis of family medical history ruled out essential @entity400 , @entity191 , @entity2360 and other symptom-related pathologies. His medical history revealed a generalized @entity148 and medicinal plant consumption but no @entity16 . Appropriate physical examination was carried out. An additive or synergistic effect is suspected to have produced these symptoms. The active principles of Valerian and passionflower might increase the inhibitory activity of @entity1245 binding to the @entity1246 receptors, causing severe secondary effects. Due to the increase in herbal product self-medication, the use of herbal remedies should be registered while taking the personal clinical history. Multidisciplinary teams should be created to raise studies on medicinal plants with impact on medical praxis.

title: Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a XXXX treated with @entity2934 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine the local control rate and contributing factors to local progression after computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for unresectable @entity2 . This study included 138 @entity2 in 72 @entity1 (56 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ; age 70.0 +/- 11.6 years (range 31-94); mean @entity5 size 2.1 +/- 1.2 cm [range 0.2-9]) who underwent lung RFA between June 2000 and May 2009. Mean follow-up periods for @entity1 and @entity5 were 14 and 12 months, respectively. The local progression-free rate and survival rate were calculated to determine the contributing factors to local progression. During follow-up, 44 of 138 (32%) @entity2 showed local progression. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall local control rates were 61, 57, 57, and 38%, respectively. The risk factors for local progression were age (>or=70 years), @entity5 size (>or=2 cm), sex (male), and no achievement of roll-off during RFA (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified @entity5 size >or=2 cm as the only independent factor for local progression (P = 0.003). For @entity5 <2 cm, 17 of 68 (25%) showed local progression, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall local control rates were 77, 73, and 73%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified that age >or=70 years was an independent determinant of local progression for @entity5 <2 cm in diameter (P = 0.011). The present study showed that 32% of @entity2 developed local progression after CT-guided RFA. The significant risk factor for local progression after RFA for @entity2 was @entity5 size >or=2 cm.

title: Determinants of local progression after computed tomography-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for unresectable XXXX : 9-year experience in a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 elimination will require that both symptomatic- and asymptomatic-infected @entity1 be identified and treated. However, well-characterized, individual-level risk factors for @entity311 may not be valid in regions with declining @entity311 transmission. Changes in individual-level correlates of @entity281 were evaluated over three years in a region of declining @entity311 transmission in southern Zambia. METHODS: @entity311 surveys were conducted in two study areas within the catchment area of Macha Hospital, Zambia in 2007 and 2008/2009. A random sample of households was identified from a digitized satellite image of the study areas. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted approximately five times throughout the year in each of the two study areas. During study visits, adults and caretakers of @entity1 were administered questionnaires and a blood sample was obtained for a @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) for @entity311 . RESULTS: In the 2007 study area, 330 individuals were surveyed. 40.9% of @entity1 lived in a household with at least one insecticide-treated bed net (ITN); however, only 45.2% reported sleeping under the ITN. 23.9% of @entity1 were @entity1062 positive. Correlates of @entity1062 positivity included younger age, the presence of symptoms, testing during the rainy season, using an open water source, and not sleeping under an ITN. In the 2008 study area, 435 individuals were surveyed. 77.0% of @entity1 lived in a household with at least one ITN; however, only 56.4% reported sleeping under the ITN. 8.1% of @entity1 were @entity1062 positive. @entity1062 positivity was negatively correlated with the presence of symptoms within the last two weeks but positively correlated with documented fever. In 2009, 716 individuals were surveyed in the same area as 2008. 63.7% of @entity1 lived in a household with at least one ITN; however, only 57.7% reported sleeping under the ITN. 1.5% of @entity1 were @entity1062 positive. Only self-reported fever was significantly correlated with @entity1062 positivity. CONCLUSIONS: With declining @entity311 prevalence, few individual-level characteristics were correlated with @entity1062 positivity. This lack of correlation with individual characteristics hampers identification of individuals infected with @entity311 . Strategies based on ecological or environmental risk factors may be needed to target control efforts and achieve further reductions and elimination.

title: Changing individual-level risk factors for XXXX with declining transmission in southern Zambia: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['RDT', 'rapid diagnostic test']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the surgical treatment method and outcome for @entity3 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 7 cases of @entity3 treated at our hospital between 2002 and 2007. There were 3 male and 4 female @entity1 . The primary lesions included 1 @entity2 , 1 @entity703 , 2 @entity0 . All cases were treated with anterior vertebrectomy, reconstruction of cervical spine stability with mesh cage and plate fixation. Preoperative and 3-month postoperative VAS scores of neck @entity158 and neurological status of Frankel classification were analyzed statistically. Cervical spine stability was observed by radiography during follow-up. RESULTS: The preoperative and postoperative VAS scores of neck @entity158 were 7.4 +/- 0.8 and 1.8 +/- 1.2 respectively. There was obvious statistical difference between two scores (t = 15.11, P = 0.000). The post-operative neurological status of Frankel classification improved by one to two grades. The mean follow-up period was 18 months except for one @entity1 dying from @entity881 at 9 months post-operation. Radiology showed satisfactory cervical spine stability during follow-up. CONCLUSION: For treating @entity3 , anterior vertebrectomy, reconstruction with mesh cage and plate fixation is an effective method to relieve clinical @entity158 and improve neurological functions by complete spinal cord decompression and cervical stability reconstruction.

title: [Surgical treatment for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers and 2 breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['subaxial cervical spine metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer, 1 liver cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['subaxial cervical spine metastatic tumor']


abstract: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the thyroid is a reliable, safe, cost-effective, and widely used test. Its introduction and application have had a significant impact in the management of nodular @entity1374 in adults. However, its utility in pediatric practice is not recognized or emphasized. During the last 12 years we performed 10,971 FNAs; 57 (0.5%) were in @entity1 younger than age 17 years. Among 47 of these biopsies, 66% were benign, 15% were malignant, 6% were suspicious for @entity5 and 13% were nondiagnostic. Biopsy was most often (96%) performed for the evaluation of @entity8170 . The most common benign cytologic diagnosis was @entity5651 in 17 of 31 @entity1 (55%) and @entity2621 in 9 of 31 @entity1 (29%). There were no false-positive results and there was one false-negative cytologic result. Among @entity1 who had @entity5 proved histologically, nine @entity1 (75%) had @entity3557 . In this study, FNA biopsy was crucial in deferring surgery in 28 of 47 @entity1 (60%). It is clear that the application of FNA biopsy prevents unnecessary surgery and improves surgical selection of @entity1 with @entity1374 . On the basis of our extensive experience, we recommend FNA biopsy as the first diagnostic test for pediatric @entity1 with nodular thyroid lesions.

title: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: use in diagnosis and management of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse or nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['colloid goiter']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy', 'thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid diseases']


abstract: Diabetic @entity9 remains an unmet clinical problem and is poorly relieved by conventional analgesics. @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors play an important role in central sensitization in @entity9 . Although @entity143 antagonists are highly effective in reducing @entity9 , these agents cause severe side effects at therapeutic doses, which limit their clinical uses. @entity32739 and @entity3393 are uncompetitive @entity143 antagonists with minimal side effects at therapeutic doses. Here we determined the antinociceptive effect of chronic administration of @entity32739 and compared its effect with that of @entity3393 and @entity2682 in a @entity35 model of @entity9 . Mechanical @entity1931 was measured with a noxious pressure stimulus, and tactile @entity1931 was assessed with von Frey filaments in @entity6 @entity35 induced by @entity3839 . Compared with vehicle-treated @entity35 , treatment with @entity32739 (12.3, 24.6, and 49.2 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks via an osmotic minipump produced dose-dependent and sustained effects on @entity1931 and @entity1931 . Administration of @entity3393 (20 mg/kg/day) or @entity2682 (50 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks also produced significant and persistent antinociceptive effects on @entity1931 and @entity1931 . The magnitude of the antinociceptive effect produced by the intermediate and high doses of @entity32739 was comparable to that of @entity2682 and @entity3393 . The plasma level achieved by @entity32739 at 12.3, 24.6, and 49.2 mg/kg/day was 0.26 +/- 0.04, 0.50 +/- 0.05, and 1.21 +/- 0.16 microM, respectively. These data suggest that @entity32739 at therapeutically relevant doses attenuates @entity9 . Our study provides valuable information about the therapeutic potential of chronic administration of @entity32739 and @entity3393 for @entity3949 .

title: Antinociceptive effects of chronic administration of uncompetitive @entity143 receptor antagonists in a XXXX model of @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity32739 :: ('MESH:C114144', 'Chemical') :: ['neramexane', 'Neramexane']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'diabetic neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The soluble @entity4283 (sRAGE) has been shown to play an important role in @entity2412 . We conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sRAGE in Asian @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 and validated the association in an independent cohort of @entity6 . METHODS: GWAS for sRAGE was performed in 2058 @entity6 @entity1 . Associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and plasma sRAGE level were analyzed in an additive model using a linear mixed model. To validate the associations, we performed de novo genotyping in an independent cohort (n = 1984). We selected the top SNP for assessment with @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ). RESULTS: The strongest SNP, @entity32983 @entity6344 (P = 1.21 * 10(-52)), was a genotyped, missense SNP located on chromosome 6, corresponding to the @entity4283 (AGER) gene locus, the gene encoding @entity4283 . Conditioning analysis on @entity32983 revealed that @entity32984 @entity6344 was the top genotyped independent SNP (P = 8.36 * 10(-10)). Both SNPs were strongly and dose-dependently correlated with sRAGE level (TT = 399.6 pg/mL, CT = 737.0 pg/mL and CC = 967.0 pg/mL, P < 0.001 for @entity32983 ; TT = 687.9 pg/mL, CT = 737.6 pg/mL and CC = 904.7 pg/mL, P < 0.001 for @entity32985 ). Both SNPs were robustly replicated in the independent cohort, especially among Chinese @entity1 (P = 9.02 * 10(-72) for @entity32983 ; P = 1.13 * 10(-9) for @entity32984 ). Log-transformed sRAGE was associated with @entity2316 after adjustment for age, gender and ethnicity in pooled cohorts [odds ratio 2.536 (95% confidence interval 1.864-3.450), P < 0.001]. However, we did not observe any significant association between @entity32983 and @entity2316 . CONCLUSIONS: Common variants in @entity4283 are strongly associated with plasma sRAGE level, which is associated with @entity2316 . However, we did not find a causal link between sRAGE and renal function by Mendelian randomization.

title: Genetic variants in the @entity4283 ( @entity4283 ) gene were associated with circulating soluble @entity4283 level but not with renal function among Asians with type 2 XXXX : a genome-wide association study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C>T']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['DKD', 'diabetic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity4283 :: ('177', 'Gene') :: ['receptor for advanced glycation end products', 'RAGE']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined the incidence and clinical correlates of @entity1742 ( @entity1742 ) in youth with @entity1765 ( @entity1765 ). The independent contribution of tics, @entity148 , @entity308 and externalizing symptoms on @entity1742 severity in youth with @entity1765 was assessed. METHOD: @entity1 were 75 treatment-seeking youth with a @entity1765 (N=75) aged 6-18. @entity1 completed diagnostic assessments, clinician-ratings, self- and parent-report measures of emotional functioning and the presence and/or severity of @entity1742 . RESULTS: Based on youth-report, 61% of youth endorsed at least some symptoms of @entity1742 , and 8% endorsed symptoms that exceeded the clinically significant cut-off. Parents reported @entity1742 in 11% of cases, with generally poor agreement between parent- and youth-report. Suicidal ideation correlated with higher @entity148 , @entity308 and externalizing symptoms, affective lability, and with poorer distress tolerance and overall functioning. @entity148 , @entity308 and externalizing symptoms showed an independent relationship with @entity1742 . @entity1775 severity was not associated with @entity1742 . Rather, higher tic severity was associated with an increase in @entity148 , which in turn, was associated with greater @entity1742 severity. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional data limits causal conclusions. Diagnosis was based on unstructured assessments by expert clinicians, including consensus diagnosis, rather than structured clinical interviews. CONCLUSIONS: Around 8-11% of youth with @entity1765 experienced @entity1742 . @entity1775 severity did not have any direct influence on @entity1742 , however the presence of comorbid @entity148 and @entity308 significantly increases this risk. Results suggest that it is @entity146 comorbidity, rather than tics themselves, that predispose youth with @entity1765 to increased risk of suicidality.

title: Suicidal ideation in youth with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'tic disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['suicidal ideation', 'SI']

answer: @entity1765 :: (MESH:D013981,Disease) :: ['tic disorders']


abstract: AIM: Upper @entity360 is often associated with a higher risk of serious @entity190 . Both H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are commonly given intravenously for endoscopic hemostatic therapies. We compared the effects of a H2-receptor antagonist ( @entity6359 ) and a proton pump inhibitor ( @entity4546 ) injected during the early phase (the first 3 days) on cessation of bleeding and prevention of its recurrence in @entity1 who underwent endoscopic therapy for gastroduodenal @entity1066 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 who were hospitalized at our clinic with @entity10189 and underwent endoscopic therapy were randomly assigned to receive injections of @entity6359 , @entity4546 , or both. Injection of acid suppressants was switched on the fourth day to the oral administration of @entity4546 continued for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Over a 25-month period, 116 @entity1 were enrolled. The overall success rate for endoscopic hemostasis was 115/116 (99.1%). The success rate of hemostasis and prevention of recurrent @entity1066 by type of acid suppressant following endoscopic hemostasis was 39/40 (97.5%) for Group 1 (3-day @entity4546 administration), 35/37 (94.6%) for Group 2 (3-day @entity6359 administration), and 38/39 (97.4%) for Group 3 (1-day @entity6359 and then 2-day @entity4546 administration), yielding an overall rate of 112/116 (96.6%). No significant difference in the hemostatic effect was observed among the groups. There were also no differences in the duration of hospital days and the number of fasting days between the three groups. CONCLUSION: @entity6359 and @entity4546 injected during the early phase of a bleeding @entity1066 may have similar effects to an adjuvant therapy for preventing rebleeding from endoscopically treated @entity360 in Japanese @entity1 .

title: Comparison of adjuvant therapies by an H2-receptor antagonist and a proton pump inhibitor after endoscopic treatment in hemostatic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine', 'Famotidine']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Metastatic @entity420 from an unknown primary site is a common clinical problem. Determining the cytokeratin (CK) 7/ @entity2225 pattern of @entity5 is one of the most helpful procedures for this purpose since the @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + pattern is typical of @entity14 . @entity6628 , a critical nuclear transcription factor for intestinal development, is expressed in intestinal epithelium and @entity420 . In the present study, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of @entity6628 expression and the @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + phenotype in differentiating @entity14 from @entity356 . METHODS: @entity5822 / @entity2225 staining pattern and @entity6628 expression were evaluated in 118 cases of colorectal, 59 cases of gastric, and 32 cases of @entity788 . The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + phenotype and of @entity6628 expression were analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + immunophenotype was expressed by 75 of 118 (64%) colorectal and 3 of 59 (5%) @entity356 and was not observed in any @entity788 . The @entity5822 +/ @entity2225 + immunophenotype was expressed in 24/118 (20%) of colon, 28/59 (48%) of gastric and 7/32 (22%) of @entity788 . The @entity5822 +/ @entity2225 - expression pattern was observed in only 2% (2 of 118) of @entity14 . @entity6628 was expressed in 114 of 118 (97%) colorectal, 36 of 59 (61%) gastric, and 5 of 32(16%) @entity788 . There was no significant association between @entity6628 expression and @entity5 differentiation in @entity14 . In @entity356 , @entity6628 expression was more common in @entity4056 than in @entity189 . The @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + phenotype showed a specificity of 96.7% in predicting @entity14 , which was superior to that of @entity6628 expression. @entity6628 expression at both cut-off levels (> 5% and > 50%) had a higher sensitivity (96.6% and 78%) than the CK phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Both the @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + phenotype and expression of the antibody @entity6628 are highly specific and sensitive markers of colorectal origin. @entity6628 expression should be a useful adjunct for the diagnosis of intestinal @entity420 , particularly when better established markers such as @entity5822 and @entity2225 yield equivocal results. The @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + phenotype is superior in its specificity and positive predictive value and might be preferred. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4851011866354821.

title: The value of @entity6628 and cytokeratins 7 and 20 expression in differentiating @entity14 from extraintestinal gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas: @entity5822 -/20+ phenotype is more specific than XXXX antibody.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal type tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse type carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and gastric adenocarcinomas', 'gastric tumors', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity6628 :: (1045,Gene) :: ['CDX2']


abstract: In an attempt to produce substantial reductions in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in @entity1 with @entity120 , a new treatment strategy using high doses of @entity460 channel-blocking drugs was developed. Thirteen @entity1 were given an initial test dose of 60 mg @entity3988 or 20 mg @entity594 followed by consecutive hourly doses until a 50% fall in pulmonary vascular resistance and 33% fall in pulmonary arterial pressure was achieved or untoward side effects developed. The initial drug challenges failed to produce significant reductions in mean pulmonary arterial pressure or pulmonary vascular resistance. In eight of 13 @entity1 , continued hourly doses produced a reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 48% (61 to 35 mm Hg, p less than .01) and a reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance of 60% (15 to 6 units, p less than .01). These @entity1 were discharged on high-dose (up to 720 mg/day @entity3988 or 240 mg/day @entity594 ) @entity460 channel-blocking drugs as long-term therapy. Five @entity1 have returned for restudy after 1 year. In four of five the reductions in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were sustained and were associated with regression of @entity8158 as assessed by electrocardiography and echocardiography. One @entity1 who reduced her dose to a conventional level had a return of her pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance toward previous levels. We conclude that substantial reductions in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance that are associated with regression of @entity8158 are possible in some @entity1 with @entity120 by use of @entity460 channel-blocking drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: High-dose @entity460 channel-blocking therapy for XXXX : evidence for long-term reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure and regression of @entity8158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['primary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['primary pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: This paper summarises the current evidence on @entity851 in the early (< 1 month of age) treated @entity6750 and the influencing factors. A literature search revealed only few citations that compared outcome with matched controls. In all but one, the median age of treatment onset was >2 weeks. Mean Global IQ scores are about 10 points lower and remain identifiable in adulthood. Verbal and performance scores are usually similar. Deficits persisting into adolescence and adulthood involve the visuomotor, memory, attention and posture domains. Lower academic performance is common in the early years. Prenatal factors associated with a worse prognosis are aetiology ( @entity16490 ), low birth weight, associated complications and severity of @entity1375 . Postnatal factors are age at onset of treatment (>1 month), lower @entity1955 dose at onset (<8 mcg/kg/day), late normalisation of thyroid function (>2 weeks after treatment), and a lower socio economic family status. The author proposes the evaluation of a multi centre cohort with a median age of treatment onset <1 week, TSH normalisation by <3 weeks with treatment thyroxine levels maintained in the 3rd quartile for age. The outcome of this cohort should indicate if current targets in management need to be revised.

title: @entity851 in early-treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['neuro-developmental deficits']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroid']

answer: @entity6750 :: (MESH:D003409,Disease) :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']


abstract: An isolated perfused @entity35 kidney (IPK) preparation is described in which renal perfusion flow, perfusion pressure, urinary flow, urinary pH, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are recorded continuously during the perfusion experiment. The usefulness of this IPK system in studying the @entity8 and the effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is shown using @entity28475 (SU), @entity3785 (SA), and @entity1623 (NA). Excretion of SU involves glomerular filtration, active secretion, and passive reabsorption. The excretion rates of SA and NA were both much lower than their filtration rate, indicating extensive reabsorption. All three drugs accumulate in the IPK but at different levels. SU accumulates much more than either SA or NA. The effects on renal function were different for the three drugs studied. SU had no effect on kidney function. SA perfusate concentrations greater than 100 micrograms/mL caused diuresis and natriuresis, while SA concentrations less than 100 micrograms/mL did not influence kidney function. NA perfusate concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 25 micrograms/mL caused a decrease in urinary flow and @entity1372 excretion. Very high NA concentrations (greater than 500 micrograms/mL) caused an increase in urinary flow and @entity1372 excretion. We conclude that the IPK is a suitable preparation for characterizing and comparing @entity8 and effects of NSAIDs.

title: Isolated perfused XXXX kidney as a tool in the investigation of @entity8 and effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal handling']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity28475 :: ('MESH:C000693', 'Chemical') :: ['salicyluric acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of non- @entity143 receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the expression and production of the @entity1420 -induced gonadotropin surge in the @entity172 -primed ovariectomized adult @entity35 and the preovulatory gonadotropin and prolactin (PRL) surges in the PMSG-primed immature @entity35 . Adult female @entity35 (45 days old) ovariectomized for 2 weeks were implanted with a third ventricular cannulae 1 week before the experiment. @entity53 (5 mug) was injected subcutaneously (sc) at 1700 h on Days 59 and 60 and either vehicle or @entity1420 (0.5 mg/ @entity35 ) injected at 0900 h on Day 61. Vehicle or the non- @entity143 antagonist @entity10639 (20 nmol/10 mul) was administered via the third ventricle cannula at 0800 and 1030 h on Day 61. From 1200 to 1800 h on Day 61 blood samples were withdrawn hourly from jugular cannulas for serum LH and FSH measurements. @entity10639 treatment completely blocked the @entity1420 -induced LH surge. FSH secretion, on the other hand, was unaffected by @entity10639 treatment. To study the effect of @entity10639 on preovulatory gonadotropin and PRL secretion, 27-day-old female @entity35 were implanted with a third ventricle cannulae followed by sc injection of PMSG (8 IU) at 28 days of age (0800 h). On Day 30, either vehicle or @entity10639 (15 nmol/5 mul) were administered via the third ventricle cannula at 1100 and 1500 h. Groups of @entity35 were sacrificed at 1600, 1800, and 2000 h on Day 30 for serum LH, FSH, and PRL measurements. @entity10639 treatment significantly attenuated the preovulatory LH surge at 1600 and 1800 h with no effects at 2000 h as the values began to return to baseline. As was the case in the @entity134 -treated @entity35 , @entity10639 had no effect on the preovulatory FSH surge. @entity10639 treatment did, however, significantly attenuate the preovulatory surge of PRL at 1600 and 1800 h. Taken as a whole, the present studies support a role for non- @entity143 receptor neurotransmission in the regulation of @entity134 -induced LH secretion as well as preovulatory LH and PRL surges. In contrast, non- @entity143 receptors appear to play little to no role in regulating FSH secretion.

title: Possible Role of Non- XXXX Receptor-Mediated Neurotransmission in @entity134 -Induced and Preovulatory Gonadotropin Surges in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate visual results, comfort of use, safety, and efficacy of mini scleral contact lenses in optical management in @entity1 with traumatic @entity4118 and severe @entity267 . METHODS: In a case series, eight eyes with post traumatic @entity4118 and severe @entity267 that were evaluated at the Contact Lens Clinic of Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran for contact lens fitting and could not be corrected with conventional corneal RGP contact lenses were fitted with miniscleral contact lenses. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and BCVA (Best corrected visual acuity) with miniscleral lens were recorded. Slit lamp examination, comfortable daily wearing time, and any contact lens-related complication were documented in each follow-up visit. RESULTS: The mean UCVA and BSCVA of the cases was >2.7 and 0.41 LogMAR, respectively (BSCVA could not be assessed in one case due to severe @entity2687 ). The mean final BCVA with the miniscleral lens was 0.05 LogMAR (range from 0.4 to -0.04 LogMAR). The mean follow-up period was 14.6 months. The mean comfortable daily wearing time (CDWT) was 11.6  h, ranging from 8 to 16  h. The only contact lens-related complication was mild redness and @entity146 that was observed in 2 @entity1 during the follow-up visits. All @entity1 were comfortable with handling these lenses. CONCLUSION: Miniscleral contact lenses can be considered a safe and effective option in @entity4118 @entity1 with concurrent corneal scarring secondary to @entity4858 for whom surgical intervention would be complicated.

title: Visual management of XXXX with concomitant severe @entity2687 by mini-scleral design contact lenses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant irido-corneal injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injury']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal irregularity']

answer: @entity4118 :: (MESH:D001035,Disease) :: ['aphakia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We present the first study specifically investigating outcomes of centenarian (age>100 years) @entity130 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study over a 2-year period using data from @entity1 ' notes. Inclusion criteria were: admission to Poole Hospital, age of 100 years old or greater and history of sustaining @entity130 . RESULTS: We used the hospital CaMIS database to identify @entity1 aged 100 years and over who had incurred an injury. 24 @entity1 met the entry criteria for the study: accounting for 26 admission episodes. 23 @entity1 were female and 13 had sustained a @entity2249 . 10 @entity1 underwent surgery and the rest were managed non-operatively. There were five inpatient deaths and the majority of the discharged @entity1 returned to their original place of residence following treatment and rehabilitation. Overall mortality at 1 year was 10 out of 24. DISCUSSION: Our increasingly elderly population is leading to a growing burden upon the NHS. Admission of the extreme elderly @entity130 @entity1 is becoming more commonplace and presents us with difficult management decisions. Orthopaedic/geriatric collaborative care is now the norm and should continue to develop and improve in the future. CONCLUSION: The extreme elderly should be afforded the same consideration for operative treatment as younger @entity1 and that age alone should not be relied upon as a determinant of treatment and management in these @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of XXXX in centenarians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['fractured neck of femur']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with prostate @entity5 and mortality. The contribution of periprostatic adipose tissue, which is often infiltrated by malignant cells, to @entity5 progression is largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine if periprostatic adipose tissue is linked with aggressive @entity5 biology in @entity263 . METHODS: Supernatants of whole adipose tissue (explants) or @entity455 ( @entity455 ) from paired fat samples of periprostatic (PP) and pre-peritoneal visceral (VIS) anatomic origin from different donors were prepared and analyzed for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 activity. The effects of those @entity558 ( @entity558 ) on growth and migration of hormone-refractory (PC-3) and hormone-sensitive (LNCaP) @entity263 cells were measured. RESULTS: We show here that PP adipose tissue of overweight @entity1 has higher @entity1495 activity in comparison with normal subjects. The observed increased activities of both @entity1476 and @entity1495 in PP whole adipose tissue explants, likely reveal the contribution of adipocytes plus @entity455 ( @entity455 ) as opposed to @entity455 alone. @entity1476 activity was higher for PP when compared to VIS adipose tissue. When PC-3 cells were stimulated with @entity558 from PP adipose tissue explants, increased proliferative and migratory capacities were observed, but not in the presence of @entity455 . Conversely, when LNCaP cells were stimulated with PP explants @entity558 , we found enhanced motility despite the inhibition of proliferation, whereas @entity558 derived from @entity455 increased both cell proliferation and motility. Explants culture and using adipose tissue of PP origin are most effective in promoting proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells, as respectively compared with @entity455 culture and using adipose tissue of VIS origin. In LNCaP cells, while explants @entity558 cause increased migration compared to @entity455 , the use of PP adipose tissue to generate @entity558 result in the increase of both cellular proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the PP depot has the potential to modulate extra-prostatic @entity5 cells' microenvironment through increased MMPs activity and to promote @entity263 cell survival and migration. Adipocyte-derived factors likely have a relevant proliferative and motile role.

title: XXXX periprostatic adipose tissue promotes prostate @entity5 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'conditioned media']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['stromal-vascular fraction', 'stromal vascular fraction', 'SVF']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer aggressiveness', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: CONTEXT: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of @entity645 / @entity791 Prevention, spends approximately 50% of its  325 million annual @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV) prevention funds for @entity645 -testing services. An accurate estimate of the costs of @entity645 testing in various settings is essential for efficient allocation of @entity645 prevention resources. OBJECTIVES: To assess the costs of @entity645 -testing interventions using different costing methods. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND @entity1 : We used the microcosting-direct measurement method to assess the costs of @entity645 -testing interventions in nonclinical settings, and we compared these results with those from 3 other costing methods: microcosting-staff allocation, where the labor cost was derived from the proportion of each staff @entity1 's time allocated to @entity645 testing interventions; gross costing, where the New York State Medicaid payment for @entity645 testing was used to estimate program costs, and program budget, where the program cost was assumed to be the total funding provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total program cost, cost per @entity1 tested, and cost per @entity1 notified of new @entity645 diagnosis. RESULTS: The median costs per @entity1 notified of a new @entity645 diagnosis were  12 475,  15 018,  2697, and  20 144 based on microcosting-direct measurement, microcosting-staff allocation, gross costing, and program budget methods, respectively. Compared with the microcosting-direct measurement method, the cost was 78% lower with gross costing, and 20% and 61% higher using the microcosting-staff allocation and program budget methods, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis showed that @entity645 -testing program cost estimates vary widely by costing methods. However, the choice of a particular costing method may depend on the research question being addressed. Although program budget and gross-costing methods may be attractive because of their simplicity, only the microcosting-direct measurement method can identify important determinants of the program costs and provide guidance to improve efficiency.

title: Comparison of methods for estimating the cost of XXXX @entity465 virus-testing interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2857 , a multitarget kinase inhibitor, inhibits members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and receptor @entity669 kinases, including @entity319 ( @entity319 ). @entity2857 , @entity3003 , and @entity1311 (SCP) has antitumor activity in @entity320 @entity1 , but no association was found between response and activating @entity817 @entity8554 mutations. We assessed the expression of @entity2857 targets in SCP-treated @entity1 specimens and evaluated the association with response and progression-free survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using automated quantitative analysis, we quantified the expression of @entity6758 , @entity319 , @entity7802 , @entity32302 , @entity2467 , @entity817 , @entity10242 , meiosis-specific @entity563 / @entity1889 protein kinase 1, and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 ( @entity1366 ) in pretreatment specimens from 46 @entity1 . Furthermore, we assessed @entity1366 expression in 429 @entity320 . RESULTS: @entity319 expression was significantly higher in @entity1 with a complete or partial response (P = 0.0435), whereas @entity1366 was higher in @entity1 who did not respond (P = 0.0417). High @entity1366 was an independent predictor of poor survival. High @entity1366 was associated with decreased survival in the @entity320 cohort, suggesting that high @entity1366 -expressing @entity5 are biologically more aggressive. All of the six @entity1 with both high @entity319 and low @entity1366 responded to SCP. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity319 expression is associated with response to SCP in @entity320 , whereas high @entity1366 is associated with resistance. Collection of specimens from SCP-treated @entity320 @entity1 in a cooperative group phase III trial comparing this regimen with the chemotherapy alone is ongoing, and confirmation of these findings is necessary. These markers might be useful for predicting response to @entity2857 when given with other chemotherapies and in other diseases, resulting in the possible elimination of unnecessary treatment of @entity1 unlikely to respond.

title: Expression of XXXX targets in @entity320 @entity1 treated with @entity3003 , @entity1311 and @entity2857 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorafenib', 'sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-R2', 'vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2']

entities_list: @entity32302 :: ('2260;5159', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'archival melanomas', 'archival melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: Cryopreserved hepatocytes with good hepatospecific functions upon thawing are important for clinical transplantation and for in vitro drug @entity137 testing. However, cryopreservation reduces viability and certain hepatospecific functions, but the most pronounced change is diminished attachment efficiency of hepatocytes. Adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix and cell-cell contacts are crucial for many aspects of cellular function. These processes are partly mediated and controlled by cellular adhesion molecules. The mechanisms responsible for reduced attachment efficiency of cryopreserved hepatocytes are not well understood. To address this question, we investigated the effect of a new cryopreservation procedure, using @entity3505 proteins (WPs) or mixtures of recombinant forms of @entity3505 freezing tolerance-associated proteins, on the stability of three important adhesion molecules (beta1-integrin, @entity17937 , and @entity12747 ). Immunoblot analyses revealed that the levels of beta1-integrin, @entity17937 , and @entity12747 were much lower in cryopreserved @entity35 hepatocytes, when compared to fresh cells. Protein expression of the adhesion molecules was generally lower in cells cryopreserved with @entity3733 , compared to WPs. Moreover, the stability of the adhesion molecules was not affected by cryopreservation to the same degree, with more pronounced decreases occurring for beta1-integrin (62-74%) > @entity12747 (51-58%) > @entity17937 (21-37%). However, when hepatocytes were cryopreserved with partially purified WPs (SulWPE, AcWPE) or with mixtures of recombinant @entity3505 proteins, there was a clear protective effect against the loss of protein expression of beta1-integrin, @entity17937 , and @entity12747 . Protein expression was only 10-20% lower than that observed in fresh hepatocytes. These findings clearly demonstrate that WPs, and more particularly, partially purified WPs and recombinant @entity3505 proteins, were more efficient for cryopreservation of @entity35 hepatocytes by maintaining good expression of these adhesion molecules. These promising results could lead to a new and improved cryopreservation technology for applications such as clinical transplantation of hepatocytes.

title: XXXX proteins enhance stability and function of adhesion molecules in cryopreserved hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['Wheat']


abstract: @entity32 and microenvironment play a crucial role in muscle regeneration. @entity777 , as a multifunctional cytokine is involved in the processes. However, the causative effect of @entity777 in muscle regeneration remains unclear. In a @entity19 model of cardiotoxin-induced @entity121 /regeneration, infiltrated monocytes/macrophages produce a high level of @entity777 started on 1 day (24 h) after injury. In @entity777 knock-out (-/-) @entity19 , the muscle regeneration procedure was impaired along with decreased @entity14814 ( @entity14814 ) and @entity20476 mRNA level and increased interstitial @entity82 . The @entity777 (-/-) @entity19 exhibited less macrophage infiltration, lower inflammatory cytokine ( @entity635 , @entity13633 , @entity641 , and @entity1618 ) and chemokine ( @entity1750 , @entity12427 , and @entity638 ) expression, and inhibited myoblast proliferation. In vitro, @entity777 deficiency or @entity10433 ( @entity10433 ) knockdown in activated macrophage attenuated the expression of @entity1750 , @entity12427 , but not @entity638 , which resulted in less macrophage migration. Moreover, inflammatory macrophages promoted myoblast proliferation in an @entity777 -dependent manner. Finally, adoptive transfer @entity777 (+/+) BM cells into @entity777 (-/-) @entity19 rescued the impaired regeneration with improved @entity14814 and @entity20476 expression. Taken together, @entity777 expression and the activated @entity10433 signaling pathway in monocytes/macrophages is a critical mediator of macrophage migration and myoblast proliferation during muscle regeneration.

title: Interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( XXXX ) pathway is essential for macrophage infiltration and myoblast proliferation during muscle regeneration.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14814 :: ('17927(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['myogenic determination factor', 'MyoD']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1']

entities_list: @entity10433 :: ('20848(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['STAT3', 'Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury']

answer: @entity10433 :: (20848(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT3']


abstract: @entity2057 of the distal upper limb ( @entity2056 ) occurs predominantly in @entity1 in the second decade with unilateral weakness of the fingers and hand, and @entity194 of the hand and forearm. The symptoms generally progress for 3-4 years after onset and then stop. Since the second decade is a very important period starting one's career, early stopping of the progression and possibly the improvement are essential. On the bases of the neuroradiological studies, a forward displacement of the posterior wall of the dural canal at the lower cervical level on neck flexion is presumed to be the main pathogenetic mechanism in this disease. On neck flexion, the spinal cord is compressed anteroposteriorly at C7 and C8 segmental levels. Pathological studies suggested that chronic microcirculatory disturbances in the spinal cord as the result of repeated flexion of the neck might produce @entity39 of the anterior horns. We used a cervical collar for the prevention of neck flexion in 14 @entity1 in the early stage and compared the results with those of 18 @entity1 who had natural courses. In the therapy group, @entity425 of the affected hand improved in 5 @entity1 and the progression of the disease was stopped in 8 @entity1 with the duration of 1.8 +/- 1.2 years, whereas the duration of progression of the natural course group was 2.9 +/- 1.6 years. Only one @entity1 who could not tolerate the use of collar showed a slight progression. These results suggest that the cervical collar is a useful therapeutic tool in this disease.

title: [A cervical collar therapy for @entity2057 of the distal upper limb ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity2056 :: ('MESH:C538253', 'Disease') :: ["Hirayama's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Non-progressive juvenile spinal muscular atrophy']

answer: @entity2056 :: (MESH:C538253,Disease) :: ['Hirayama's disease']


abstract: The aim of present study was to investigate the in vivo antiaggressive activity of @entity22738 using defensive and offensive behavioral models in rodents. Adult male @entity35 and @entity19 were used for the present study. Animals were divided into three groups, with 6 animals in each. @entity2934 was used as standard antiaggressive agent. Animals were treated once daily, for seven consecutive days. @entity22738 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected in a volume of 10 mL/kg for seven consecutive days. Standard group was treated with @entity2934 (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). The control group was treated with equal volume of vehicle (0.3% @entity5070 cellulose suspension, i.p.). Animals were screened for @entity146 before dividing them into groups. At the end of 7 days, experiments were performed. Antiaggressive activity was evaluated using following validated models of @entity146 viz. foot shock-induced @entity146 , isolation-induced @entity146 , resident-intruder @entity146 and water competition test. @entity22738 treatment significantly (p < 0.001) reduced various aggressive parameters viz. latency to first attack and number of fights in isolation induced @entity146 , resident intruder @entity146 and foot shock induced @entity146 tests. In water competition test, @entity22738 treatment significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the duration of water consumption and frequency of water spout possession. We conclude that @entity22738 , the major lipophilic compound contained in extracts of Hypericum perforatum, is thus responsible for the antiaggressive activity, suggesting the therapeutic potential of @entity22738 as an antiaggressive agent.

title: Antiaggressive activity of XXXX : A preclinical study.

entities_list: @entity22738 :: ('MESH:C001654', 'Chemical') :: ['Hyperforin', 'hyperforin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy methyl']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam', 'Lorazepam']

answer: @entity22738 :: (MESH:C001654,Chemical) :: ['hyperforin']


abstract: The present study sought to determine the extent to which adverse angiographic events encountered during percutaneous coronary intervention for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. @entity1 with @entity583 represent a cohort at particularly high risk of intraprocedural thrombotic events (IPTEs). The overall frequency and implications of IPTEs occurring in @entity1 with @entity583 have not been systematically quantified in previous studies. A total of 3,163 @entity1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation for @entity583 in the Harmonizing Outcomes with RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute @entity583 (HORIZONS-AMI) trial underwent detailed frame-by-frame core laboratory angiographic analysis to assess IPTEs. The clinical outcomes at 30 days were compared between the @entity1 with and without IPTEs. IPTEs, defined as the development of new or increasing @entity715 , abrupt vessel closure, no reflow, slow reflow, and distal embolization at any point during the procedure, occurred in 386 @entity1 (12.2%). The independent predictors of IPTE were @entity715 at baseline, lesion length, and randomization to bivalirudin; the @entity1 with IPTEs were also more likely to receive bailout glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and unplanned thrombectomy. Compared with @entity1 without IPTEs, the @entity1 with IPTEs had higher 30-day rates of composite major adverse cardiovascular events ( @entity204 , @entity583 , @entity63 target vessel revascularization, and @entity64 ; 7.8% vs 4.2%, p = 0.002), major @entity548 not related to coronary artery bypass grafting (11.8% vs 6.5%, p <0.001), and all-cause @entity204 (4.2% vs 1.8%, p = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, IPTEs were independently associated with 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events, major @entity548 , and @entity204 . In conclusion, the development of IPTEs in @entity1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for @entity583 was associated with subsequent adverse outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events, major @entity548 , and @entity204 . Additional studies of strategies to decrease the occurrence of IPTEs are warranted.

title: Association between intraprocedural thrombotic events and adverse outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for @entity583 (a Harmonizing Outcomes With RevasculariZatiON and Stents in Acute XXXX [HORIZONS-AMI] Substudy).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: AIMS: We explored the association between exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) and various cardiometabolic biomarkers in 10-year-old @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out. Data on ETS exposure and potential confounders were collected by parental questionnaire. @entity1254 , leptin, markers of @entity32 , @entity3516 , and @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ) were measured. Linear and logistic regression models were applied using the 90th percentile as a cut-off point except for @entity1254 and apoAI (10th percentile). In linear models, ETS exposure was significantly associated with increasing plasma concentrations of leptin, @entity1851 , @entity2002 , @entity650 , and @entity6511 . When compared with none, ETS exposure of more than 10 cigarettes per day was associated with elevated concentrations of leptin (OR 6.40; 95% CI, 2.67-15.39), @entity1851 (OR 3.17; 95% CI, 1.31-7.68), @entity6511 (OR 2.97 95% CI, 1.32-6.68), low @entity1254 (OR 2.69; 95% CI, 1.10-6.57), and low apoAI (OR 4.48; 95% CI, 2.16-10.85). Increasing dose of ETS exposure was related to an increasing number of abnormal cardiometabolic markers. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 , ETS exposure was associated with a low-grade inflammatory response and altered markers of lipid metabolism, which may initiate @entity731 in early life. However, longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the potential causal relevance of these associations.

title: Environmental @entity286 smoke and cardiometabolic risk in young XXXX : results from a survey in south-west Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['Lp-PLA(2)', 'lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2)']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3516 :: ('335;338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoproteins (apo) AI and B']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5414 of the @entity572 has been treated traditionally by surgical drainage. Recent reports have described repeated @entity1173 as an adequate and safe treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess the success of treatment of @entity5414 by repeated @entity1173 and to identify predictive factors for failure. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for all @entity1 treated by ultrasound-guided aspiration and intravenous antibiotics between 2002 and 2010. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were recorded. Findings were compared between @entity1 who responded to this treatment and those who subsequently required surgery. A total of 42 @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of the total 33 responded to repeated @entity1173 and nine required surgical drainage. The mean age of @entity1 requiring surgery was 8.3 years compared with 2.6 years for those responding to @entity1173 . Age older than 10 years was associated with a 57% rate of failed conservative treatment compared with 14% for age younger than 10 years. There was no significant difference between the groups in any of the other parameters measured. Follow-up of the operated group after an average of 7.44 years showed no unfavorable results. In @entity1 with @entity5414 , @entity572 decompression may be achieved with repeated @entity1173 and lavage combined with antibiotics, sparing @entity1 the risks of anesthesia and surgery. Age older than 10 years at admission may serve as the cutoff for initial conservative treatment. The postponement of surgery did not cause any long-term morbidity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III; @entity1 compared on the basis of outcome of conservative treatment of @entity5414 .

title: Percutaneous aspiration and irrigation technique for the treatment of pediatric septic XXXX : effectiveness and predictive parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspirations']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic hip arthritis', 'septic arthritis of the hip', 'Septic arthritis']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of single-dose oral @entity18813 and single-dose parenteral @entity2261 for the prevention of @entity293 following transurethral surgery. A total of 63 @entity1 were enrolled in this prospective, randomized open-label study, which was conducted at two medical centers in France. @entity1 were randomized to receive either 400 mg of oral @entity18813 2-6 hours before surgery or 1.5 g parenteral @entity2261 30-90 minutes before surgery. Postoperative clinical evaluation was performed daily, and bacteriologic evaluation included urine cultures performed 24 hours after surgery, just before and 1 day after removal of the indwelling catheter, and 3-5 days after surgery. Another urine culture was optionally performed 1-3 months after surgery. Infection was defined as a urinary bacteria count greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of urine. Of the 63 @entity1 enrolled, 54 were evaluable for efficacy, 27 in each group. The success rate of prophylaxis was 88.9% in the @entity18813 group and 88.5% in the @entity2261 group (p = nonsignificant). None of the 16 @entity18813 -treated @entity1 who were re-cultured at 1-3 months was found to be infected. Adverse events were minor in both groups. A single oral dose of @entity18813 was as efficacious and as safe as a single intravenous dose of @entity2261 for prevention of @entity293 in @entity1 undergoing transurethral surgery.

title: XXXX prophylaxis in transurethral surgery: oral @entity18813 versus parenteral @entity2261 .

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity18813 :: ('MESH:C053091', 'Chemical') :: ['lomefloxacin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'postoperative urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['Urinary tract infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemokines are critical mediators of T-cell homing into inflamed skin. The complex nature of this multicellular response makes it difficult to analyse mechanisms mediating the early responses in vivo. OBJECTIVES: To visualize directly T-cell homing into inflamed skin and its inhibition by blockades using a unique noninvasive confocal microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A @entity19 model of @entity3408 was used. T cells from @entity10312 -sensitized and -challenged Balb/c @entity19 were first analysed phenotypically in vitro. @entity1961 T cells were then labelled with a tracker dye and transferred into Balb/c- @entity915 @entity19 . The recipient @entity19 were challenged with @entity10312 and @entity1961 T-cell homing into inflamed skin was visualized. RESULTS: T cells with the skin homing receptors @entity23924 and @entity31809 were increased in the affected skin and draining lymph nodes, and effectively attracted by their specific chemokines @entity15064 , @entity13128 and @entity31810 in vitro. Using in vivo imaging, T-cell migration into the inflamed skin was observed at 2 h after application, peaking at 12 h and continuing for 48 h. Simultaneous systemic administration of neutralizing antibodies against @entity23924 ligands ( @entity15064 and @entity13128 ) and @entity31809 ligand ( @entity31810 ) led to a significant suppression of @entity784 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that these tissue-selective adhesion molecules and chemokine/receptor pathways act in concert to attract specialized T-cell populations to mediate cutaneous @entity32 . The in vivo imaging technique can be applicable to other models of @entity66 to help with better understanding of the pathogenesis and monitoring the therapeutic effects.

title: Visualizing @entity1961 T-cell migration into inflamed skin and its inhibition by XXXX / @entity31809 blockades using in vivo imaging model.

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous diseases']

entities_list: @entity10312 :: ('MESH:D010081', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazolone']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell migration and skin inflammation']

answer: @entity23924 :: (12773(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CCR4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neuroendoscopy has become an integral part of neurosurgery, in particular in the ventricular system. Obstructive @entity1276 secondary to @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is a good indication for neuroendoscopic surgery. We evaluated its efficacy and limitations in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 5-year period, 13 @entity1 with obstructive @entity1276 secondary to hypertensive @entity548 were studied. @entity1 with @entity548 with no evidence of obstructive @entity1276 or with a large parenchymal @entity1410 or @entity548 of vascular origin were excluded. Rigid endoscope was used to evacuate @entity1410 in lateral ventricles and third ventricle in all @entity1 . Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS), Graeb score and ventriculo-cranial ratio were evaluated before and after endoscopic intervention and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was appraised at 1 month and 12 months, postoperatively. RESULTS: Of the 13 @entity1 , eight (61.5%) @entity1 had @entity548 . A successful endoscopic removal of intraventricular @entity1410 was achieved in all @entity1 . Complications observed included, fornix contusion (1) and @entity693 (1) and there was no procedure-related mortality. The mean Graeb score reduced from 8.69    1.89 to 6.00    2.68 (P=0.001) and ventriculo-cranial ratio decreased from 0.41   0.05 to 0.39    0.05 (P=0.085) following the procedure. The mean GOS scores at 1 month and 12 months both were 2.7, but a bipolar distribution was observed at 12 months. The Graeb score changed significantly with positive correlation to GCS score change (=0.565 and P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic management of severe @entity548 with obstructive @entity1276 allows effective reduction of the amount of ventricular blood and improves level of consciousness. Future refinement in instrumentation and discreet case selection may make this method more applicable and effective.

title: Application of neuroendoscopy in the treatment of obstructive @entity1276 secondary to hypertensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'IVH', 'thalamus hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The urokinase receptor ( @entity18870 ) is a key regulator of pericellular proteolysis, cell adhesion and migration, all of which are fundamental processes in atherogenesis. We hypothesized that increased monocytic @entity18870 expression in circulation is associated with the formation and development of @entity731 . METHODS: A total of 42 male @entity6970 -/- @entity19 were ramdonly divided into high-fat (HF) diet and normal diet (n=21 per group). The percentage of @entity18870 expressing monocytes (PUEM) and the expression of @entity18870 within different types of @entity731 plaques were measured at an interval of 3 weeks from week 10 to week 16. In vitro, @entity18870 expression upon ox-LDL stimulation and the migration of monocytes were examined. RESULTS: PUEM in circulation was significantly higher in animals with HF diet compared with those having normal diet (p<0.03). The augmented levels of PUEM were associated with body weight, visceral fat weight and numbers of @entity18870 +macrophages within @entity731 . Accumulation of @entity18870 +macrophages increased with the progression of @entity731 . Monocytes upon ox-LDL stimulation exhibited an increased @entity18870 expression and @entity18870 antibody markedly suppressed monocyte migration induced by @entity1750 . @entity18870 modulated monocyte migration was accelerated by @entity16372 and was suppressed by @entity1472 terminal fragment of @entity16372 dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Over-expression of @entity18870 both in circulating monocytes and in @entity731 is associated with the development of @entity731 plaques. @entity18870 and its interaction with @entity16372 may contribute to enhanced monocyte migration. Thus, @entity18870 may be a novel target for prevention of uncontrolled monocyte recruitment in inflammatory atherogenic process.

title: Urokinase receptor surface expression regulates monocyte migration and is associated with accelerated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: A 1-year retrospective coroner-based forensic examination of causes of @entity204 among @entity1 with a history of @entity302 was conducted at the Allegheny County Coroner's Office to evaluate the phenomenon of @entity944 ( @entity944 ), a diagnosis of exclusion. All cases at the Coroner's Office from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2001, were examined. Review of a total of 1200 autopsied deaths revealed 12 cases with a past medical history of @entity302 on the @entity204 certificate, which listed @entity302 as the immediate cause of @entity204 or contributory cause of the @entity204 . Of the 7 @entity1 with @entity302 , 5 were categorized as definite @entity944 and 2 as possible @entity944 . Of the 5 @entity1 with @entity302 , 2 were listed as definite @entity944 , 2 as possible, and 1 as non- @entity944 because the @entity410 seizures developed from a grade II @entity5 . Postmortem findings were evaluated for 11 cases; 1 body was decomposed. Toxicological screens were carried out on blood, bile, urine, and eye fluid for all 12. Antiepileptic drug (AED) levels detected in postmortem toxicological analysis were examined. AED levels were determined in 7 cases. Four of 7 had subtherapeutic AED levels, 2 had therapeutic levels, and only 1 victim of @entity944 had levels above the therapeutic range. Five cases had no detectable AED levels. AED levels at autopsy were either absent or subtherapeutic in 9 of 10 @entity944 cases, findings consistent with the likelihood of poor AED compliance. Subtherapeutic levels of AEDs may be a risk factor for @entity944 that could contribute to increased interictal and/or @entity302 with associated @entity5433 leading to disturbance of heart rate, heart rhythm, and/or blood pressure.

title: Forensic antiepileptic drug levels in autopsy cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden unexplained/unexpected death in epilepsy', 'SUDEP']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumor']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder', 'seizure disorders', 'epilepsy', 'ictal epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Post-transplant relapse is a major factor influencing the long-term outcome in @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) @entity1 . AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relapse rates following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in @entity1 with @entity5881 in the Indian context with strong family support. METHODS: Of 458 @entity1 who underwent LDLT for @entity5881 , 408 were included in the study. Post-transplant relapse was determined by information provided by the @entity1 and/or family by means of outpatient and e-mail questionnaire, supported by clinical/biochemical parameters/liver histopathology. RESULTS: All except one were males, with a mean age of 46.9        8.5  years. The overall rate of relapse was 9.5  % at 34.7  months (interquartile range (IQR) 15-57.6), lower than that reported in the literature from the West. The relapse rate was higher in @entity1 with a shorter duration of pre-transplant abstinence (17.4 % and 15.4  % for recipients with pre-transplant abstinence of <3 and <6  months, respectively, p   <   0.05). The overall survival was 88.5  % at 3  years. Of 39 @entity1 with relapse, 16 (41  %) were occasional drinkers, 14 (35.8  %) were moderate drinkers, and 9 (23  %) were heavy drinkers. All the heavy drinkers presented with features of @entity813 . CONCLUSIONS: Good results can be obtained following LDLT for @entity5881 , with significantly lower relapse rates in our setup as compared to the West.

title: Lower relapse rates with good post-transplant outcome in XXXX : Experience from a living donor liver transplant center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease']