abstract: BACKGROUND: the real incidence of @entity7261 is unknown, and only 15% to 20% of cases are symptomatic. METHODS: from january 1994 to May 2009, 20 @entity1 were treated laparoscopically for this condition. RESULTS: the most common operation performed was transhiatal diverticulectomy with myotomy and partial fundoplication. No case was converted to open surgery. Esophageal leak occurred in 1 @entity1 (5%). The postoperative courses were uneventful in the remaining 19 @entity1 . After a median follow-up period of 52 months (range, 1-141 months), 1 @entity1 had died of @entity957 , 1 had mild solid-food @entity1282 , 1 had @entity662 , and 1 had heartburn. Manometry was performed postoperatively in 7 @entity1 ; all had normal lower esophageal sphincter pressure. In 5 @entity1 who underwent 24-hour postoperative pH monitoring, pathologic reflux was absent. CONCLUSIONS: in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity7261 , laparoscopic surgery is feasible, providing good access to the distal esophagus and inferior @entity6830 . Long-term outcomes are satisfactory.

title: Long-term results of minimally invasive surgery for symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['epiphrenic diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

answer: @entity7261 :: (MESH:D004240,Disease) :: ['epiphrenic diverticulum']


abstract: @entity158 medications, commonly referred to as NSAIDs, are effective treatment for @entity158 , @entity221 and @entity32 . However their use associates with a 4-6 fold increase in the risk of @entity360 . The basic mode of action of NSAIDs lies in the inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COXs), a family of enzymes involved in the generation of @entity2918 (PGs). The COX exists at least in two isoforms, @entity9859 and @entity2247 , with PGs mediating @entity32 at site of injury generated by the @entity2247 , while @entity9859 produces PGs that are essential in maintaining integrity in the gastrointestinal tract. Selective inhibitors of @entity2247 , the coxibs, spare the gastrointestinal tract while exerting anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. However, their use has been linked to an increased risk of @entity887 . @entity842 (NO) and @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ), are potent vasodilatory agents that maintain mucosal integrity in the gastrointestinal tract. In the last decade hybrid molecules that release NO or @entity3958 have been coupled with non-selective NSAIDs to generate new classes of anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with the potential to spare the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system. These agents, the NO-releasing NSAIDs, or CINOD, and the @entity3958 -releasing NSAIDs are currently investigated as a potential alternative to NSAIDs and coxibs. Naproxcinod has been the first, and so far the only, CINOD extensively investigated in clinical trials. Despite its promising profile, the approval of this drug was recently rejected by the Food and Drug Administration because the lack of long-term controlled studies. NSAIDs that release @entity3958 as a mechanism to support an enhanced gastrointestinal and cardiovascular safety are being investigated in preclinical studies. Either naproxen or @entity3522 coupled to an @entity3958 releasing moiety has been reported to cause less gastrointestinal and @entity65 than parent NSAIDs in preclinical models.

title: XXXX -based therapies: focus on H2S releasing NSAIDs.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic events']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pain']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular injury']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']


abstract: This review presents the results of surgical repair of descending thoracic (DT) and thoracoabdominal aortic ( @entity2796 ) @entity439 , using @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ) distal aortic perfusion (DAP), and other adjuncts intended to reduce complications. Records of @entity1 undergoing repair of DT and @entity2796 between 1986 and 2002 were reviewed. Elective operations were performed using single lung ventilation, invasive monitoring, @entity4681 , modest anticoagulation, permissive @entity2332 (> or = 33 degrees F), liberal use of transaortic endarterectomy, and complete repair. Intercostal arteries were reimplanted when possible and DAP was used in DT and @entity2796 types I, II, and III repair. Exceptions to this approach were noted. Some of these adjuncts were used in emergency cases. Actuarial survival was calculated. Fifty consecutive @entity1 with DT (3) or @entity2796 (47), type I (4), type II (16), type III (18), or type IV (9), @entity439 received elective (36) or emergency (14) repair between 1986 and 2002. Mortality was 2/36 (5.5%) in the elective group. In the emergency group, there were 2 intraoperative deaths and mortality was 4/14 (28.5%, p < 0.07). Overall survivor morbidity was 6/34 (17.6%) in elective and 7/10 (70%, p < 0.02) in emergency cases. @entity451 occurred in one @entity1 in the elective group (2.7%) with dissecting type II @entity2796 @entity439 in whom the intercostal patch was sacrificed. Two of 12 initial survivors developed @entity451 in the emergency group (16.7%); one had @entity4681 but neither had DAP or intercostal reimplantation. Serious complications were associated with avoidable deviations from the approach. Five and 10-year survival for the entire series was 64.8% and 46.4%, respectively. These results parallel those in contemporary reports from centers where repair of descending and @entity2334 is frequently performed. Good long-term results can be achieved using @entity4681 and distal aortic perfusion, combined with other adjuncts as a means of reducing complications. When possible, the same approach should be used in emergency cases.

title: Descending XXXX repair: 15-year results using a uniform approach.

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'spinal drainage']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia', 'paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: @entity1891 is used clinically for the treatment of various types of @entity5 . Recent significant therapeutic improvements obtained by entrapping anthracyclines in sterically stabilized liposomes raised the question whether the therapeutic index of @entity1891 can be similarly increased by formulation into such long-circulating liposomes. Encapsulation of @entity1891 in sterically stabilized liposomes (SL-VCR) prolonged the drug's distribution phase plasma half-life in @entity35 from 0.22 to 10.5 hr. There was no significant difference in LD50 (> < or = 2.5 mg/kg, i.v.), but @entity19 given sublethal doses of SL-VCR experienced significantly less weight loss than those given the same dose of free drug. Compared to free drug, SL-VCR was most effective against i.p. or s.c. implanted @entity5 . However, i.v. @entity5 inoculation nullified the therapeutic advantage of encapsulation. A single i.v. 2 mg/kg dose of SL-VCR increased the life span of @entity19 bearing i.v. implanted @entity19 cells by only 44%, while the life span of i.p. P388 implanted @entity19 was increased by 199%. In an s.c. implanted @entity19 @entity694 , multiple doses of free drug did little to slow the growth of the @entity5 , but SL-VCR was able to produce long-term survivors in several dose regimens. These results indicate that prolonged circulation time increases the therapeutic index of VCR entrapped in liposomes against s.c. or i.p. implanted @entity5 , but does not improve the drug's activity against rapidly growing i.v. disseminated @entity1778 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and anti- XXXX activity of @entity1891 encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine', 'vincristine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: During contact lens wear, bacterial contamination of the lens can lead to the development of @entity1036 ( @entity1036 ) or @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ). Inflammatory mediators released by the host may heighten the response. We have examined the ability of @entity1 corneal epithelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to release cytokines upon stimulation with bacteria. METHODS: @entity5134 strains were added to corneal epithelial cells or PMNs. After incubations of up to 20 hours, supernatants were assayed for the presence of inflammatory mediators by ELISA. RESULTS: All strains stimulated PMNs to release IL-8 and @entity8285 . Epithelial cells did not release @entity8285 . IL-8 was released after exposure to most @entity5134 isolates. A sub-group of strains stimulated the release of TNF-alpha from corneal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5134 can stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators from both PMNs and corneal epithelial cells. This release could be important in the progression and resolution of @entity1036 and @entity2194 .

title: Induction of cytokines from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and epithelial cells by ocular isolates of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['contact lens induced acute red eye', 'CLARE']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['microbial keratitis', 'MK']

answer: @entity5134 :: (615,Species) :: ['Serratia marcescens']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Moderate-to-severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) remains a major global challenge, with rising incidence, unchanging mortality and @entity73 . State-of-the-science reviews are important for research planning and clinical decision support. This review aimed to identify @entity23 ( @entity23 ) evaluating interventions for acute management of moderate/severe @entity131 , synthesize key RCT characteristics and findings, and determine their implications on clinical practice and future research. @entity23 were identified through comprehensive database and other searches. Key characteristics, outcomes, risk of bias, and analysis approach were extracted. Data were narratively synthesized, with a focus on robust (multi-center, low risk of bias, n   >   100) @entity23 , and three-dimensional graphical figures also were used to explore relationships between RCT characteristics and findings. A total of 207 @entity23 were identified. The 191 completed @entity23 enrolled 35,340 @entity1 (median, 66). Most (72%) were single center and enrolled less than 100 @entity1 (69%). There were 26 robust @entity23 across 18 different interventions. For 74% of 392 comparisons across all included @entity23 , there was no significant difference between groups. Positive findings were broadly distributed with respect to RCT characteristics. Less than one-third of @entity23 demonstrated low risk of bias for random sequence generation or allocation concealment, less than one-quarter used covariate adjustment, and only 7% employed an ordinal analysis approach. Considerable investment of resources in producing 191 completed @entity23 for acute @entity131 management has resulted in very little translatable evidence. This may result from broad distribution of research effort, small samples, preponderance of single-center @entity23 , and methodological shortcomings. More sophisticated RCT design, large multi-center @entity23 in priority areas, increased focus on pre-clinical research, and alternatives to @entity23 , such as comparative effectiveness research and precision medicine, are needed to fully realize the potential of acute @entity131 research to benefit @entity1 .

title: A State-of-the-Science Overview of Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating Acute Management of Moderate-to-Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['lifelong impairments']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The systematic mediastinal and hilar lymph node dissection for the treatment of pulmonary @entity3 has, until now, not attracted much attention. A possible advantage of systematic lymph node dissection is an improved staging and a @entity5 control due to resection of @entity5 micrometastases and the disintegration of lymphatic vessels. Aim of the study was to investigate the impact of mediastinal and hilar lymphnode @entity3 on the prognosis of the @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 1978 and 2006, 249 @entity1 underwent resection of pulmonary @entity3 from renal cell (91), colorectal (89), breast (45) and @entity135 (24), in combination with a systematic mediastinal and hilar lymphnode dissection. Survival was analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression analysis. Lymph node @entity3 were histologically demonstrated in 25.3% of all @entity1 . They did not correlate with the @entity5 grading and lymph node status of the primary @entity5 or the number of pulmonary @entity3 . @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 had a significantly shorter median survival than @entity1 without (18 vs. 53 months, p<0.001). @entity1 who underwent a systematic mediastinal and hilar lymph node dissection showed a trend to a prolonged survival (39.1 vs. 31.9 months, p=0.089). CONCLUSION: Mediastinal and hilar lymph node @entity3 are significantly correlated with decreased survival. Systematic mediastinal and hilar lymphadenectomy provides valuable information for the staging and prognosis of @entity1 with pulmonary @entity3 of kidney, @entity0 and may help to distinguish those @entity1 who might profit from a more aggressive surgical therapy or an adjuvant therapy.

title: [Impact of systematic lymph node dissection in the resection of pulmonary @entity3 of solid extrapulmonary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck, breast and colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['better locoregional tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The continuing gap between the number of @entity1 requiring treatment for substance use disorders and those receiving treatment suggests the need to develop new approaches to service delivery. Meanwhile, the use of technology to provide counseling and support in the @entity734 field is exploding. Despite the increase in the use of technology in treatment, little is known about the impact of technology-supported interventions on access to services for substance use disorders. The E-TREAT intervention brings together the evidence-based practice of Motivational Interviewing and theories of Persuasive Technology to sustain clients' motivation to change substance use behaviors, provide support for change, and facilitate continuity across treatment settings. METHODS: This study used descriptive statistics, tests of statistical significance, and logistic regression to explore the characteristics and perceptions of the first 157 @entity1 who agreed to participate in E-TREAT and the predictors of their active engagement in E-TREAT services. In addition, responses to open-ended questions about the @entity1 ' experiences with the intervention were analyzed. RESULTS: The data reveal that clients who engaged in E-TREAT were more likely than those who did not engage to be female, have @entity1 and report a positive relationship with their recovery coach, and were less likely to have completed treatment for a substance use disorder in the past. A majority of @entity1 engaging in E-TREAT reported that it was helpful to talk with others with similar problems and that the program assisted them in developing a sense of community. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that technology-assisted interventions hold promise in expanding access to treatment for substance use disorders especially for @entity1 and parents. Further, the characteristics of the relationship with a coach or helper may be critical to engagement in technology-supported interventions. Additional investigation into ways technology may be useful to enhance treatment access for certain subgroups is needed.

title: An exploratory study of engagement in a technology-supported XXXX intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance abuse']


abstract: @entity1 @entity137 tissue was xenotransplanted to athymic @entity19 . Transplant function was analyzed as 18 h [125I]thyroid transplant uptake at day 21 and at 10 weeks after transplantation. Graves' IgG or normal IgG was given ip daily day 22-35. Epithelial cell proliferation in the thyroid transplants was analyzed by continuous @entity665 administration for 12 days between day 28 and 39 in a separate series given Graves' or normal IgG daily during the same period. The 18 h transplant uptake increased 12.8 times from 3 to 10 weeks in the Graves' IgG group but only 3.6 times in the controls (P less than 0.05). The fraction of labelled cells after @entity665 incorporation was 51% +/- (SEM) after parallel Graves' IgG administration but only 2 +/- 0.3% (P less than 0.002) in the controls. The increased 10 weeks @entity6893 uptake after Graves' IgG may be explained by an increased vascularisation or capillary maturation, by an increased individual cell sensitivity to stimulation or by an increased number of cells. Our results indicate that serum from @entity1 with @entity137 , i.e. Graves' IgG, contains a factor which promotes thyroid epithelial cell proliferation. Whether this is identical to TSI or is another IgG fraction remains to be shown.

title: Graves' IgG stimulates thyroid epithelial cell proliferation in xenotransplanted @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic diffuse goitre']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic diffuse goitre']


abstract: Several subspecies of @entity1 high density lipoprotein (HDL) have been shown to exist, and particle size is one parameter that can be used to distinguish them. Recently, a small HDL subspecies has been described that may be a particularly efficient acceptor of peripheral cell unesterified (free) @entity165 (FC). To address the effects of particle size on the ability of HDL to remove FC from cells, homogeneous, well defined HDL particles were reconstituted (rHDL) that varied in particle diameter within the size range of @entity1 HDL particles (7-13 nm). The abilities of each of these particles to remove cellular FC from @entity19 L-cells and @entity35 Fu5AH @entity157 cells were compared on the basis of their phospholipid (PL) content as well as on a per particle basis. The effect of particle size was also examined using small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) of 25 nm in diameter and large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of 70-180 nm in diameter. The SUV were prepared by sonication, and the LUVs were prepared by extrusion techniques. The FC efflux efficiency of these particles (in order of decreasing efficiency) was: rHDL > SUV > LUV when compared on the basis of acceptor PL content across a range of concentrations (i.e. at a given PL concentration for these three acceptor classes, smaller particles were more efficient). The FC efflux differences between the rHDL and the vesicles were not due to the absence of apolipoprotein in the vesicles. No difference was detected among the rHDL of varying size, nor was a difference detected among the LUVs of varying size when compared on the basis of PL content. When the FC efflux data for rHDL and LUVs were normalized on the basis of the number of acceptor particles present at a given PL concentration, a correlation was found between acceptor particle radius and the ability to accept cellular FC with larger particles being the most efficient. However, the dependence of the rate of FC efflux on acceptor particle size was not quantitatively the same within the rHDL and LUV classes of acceptor particles. The dependence of FC efflux on acceptor particle size may reflect differing abilities of the variously sized acceptor particles to access the region very close to the cell plasma membrane where most of the FC removal is expected to occur.

title: Effects of acceptor particle size on the efflux of cellular free XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: An analysis was carried out of 43 @entity1 treated by omental transposition for locoregional problems associated with @entity0 . Indications for surgery included advanced primary @entity5 (five), locally recurrent @entity5 (32), radiation induced @entity242 (two), and radionecrosis (four). Tumours were typically extensive (mean diameter 7.2 cm) and skin ulceration affected 30 @entity1 . Other treatment modalities had been exhausted. Surgical excision followed by reconstruction using transposed omentum resulted in worthwhile local control and symptom relief in 31 @entity1 (median duration 22 months). @entity764 rapidly recurred peripheral to the omental graft in 12 @entity1 . On multiple regression analysis, duration of local control was significantly related to @entity5 diameter, ulceration, and earlier radioresistance (hazard ratios 15.8, 3.8 and 14.8 respectively). Survival (median 21, range from 1.5 to 122 months) correlated with @entity5 size, previous chemotherapy, and early re-recurrence (hazard ratios 7.2, 3.0 and 4.3). Omental transfer is a reliable method of restoring epithelial cover after radical surgery and is particularly useful after previous irradiation injury. In advanced and recurrent @entity0 , an aggressive surgical approach significantly improved the quality of life of most @entity1 , but careful case selection is required to avoid inappropriate surgery for irremediable @entity5 .

title: Omental transposition in the treatment of locally advanced and recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['Chest wall disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We studied the efficacy of a two-step approach to autologous stem cell transplantation for @entity1 with advanced @entity3052 . Step 1 consisted of consolidation chemotherapy using @entity2592 2000 mg/m(2) twice daily for 4 days plus @entity2879 40 mg/kg by continuous infusion over the same 4 days. Peripheral blood stem cells were collected under @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) stimulation during recovery from this chemotherapy. Step 2, autologous stem cell transplantation, utilized the preparative regimen of oral @entity1863 16 mg/kg followed by @entity2879 60 mg/kg i.v. During step 1, there were no treatment-related @entity204 among 28 @entity1 , but two @entity1 did not proceed to transplantation because of failure of mobilization. A median @entity2280 + dose (x10(6)/kg) of 13.6 was collected. Of 26 @entity1 undergoing autologous transplant, there was one treatment-related @entity204 and 12 relapses. With a median follow-up of 5.4 years, 5 year event-free survival (EFS) of all @entity1 entered is 54%. The most important prognostic factor was cytogenetic changes. All seven @entity1 with t(15,17) remained in long-term remission whereas EFS for other @entity1 was 38%. We conclude that this two-step approach to autologous transplantation produces excellent stem cell yields, allows a high percentage of @entity1 to receive the intended therapy, and provides effective treatment.

title: Autologous stem cell transplantation for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presentation of @entity358 is dominated by haemoptysis, the results of medical treatment are disappointing and there is significant morbidity and mortality following surgery; the only really curative treatment. These facts emphasise the gravity of this condition. We undertook a study to estimate the current profile of the disease and its management in Senegal. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study took place between January 2004 and September 2008 including all the cases of @entity358 diagnosed in private practice and\or the thoracic and cardiovascular surgery service of the Fann Hospital, Dakar. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 records were collected. The sex ratio was four males to one female. The average age of the @entity1 was 43.7 years. All the @entity1 had a history of @entity1907 . Serology was positive for @entity54 at 22 @entity1 out of 29 (75.86%). Histological examination of surgical biopsies confirmed the diagnosis in 88.46%. The treatment was essentially surgical with no recorded mortality. Nine cases of @entity548 and eight of suppuration were reported. CONCLUSION: Surgery remains the reference treatment for @entity358 . In view of the morbidity of this condition we emphasize the importance of early screening and correct treatment of @entity378 , particularly in endemic countries, to achieve clinical cure and prevent serious after effects.

title: [Epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of XXXX in Dakar].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergilloma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary aspergilloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral rehydration therapy is used to treat @entity2700 caused by @entity294 . However the rehydration solution does not reduce stool loss or length of illness. A solution able to do this may lessen the use of ineffective @entity294 treatments as well as improve morbidity and mortality related to @entity294 . OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of @entity579 -based oral rehydration salts solution compared with @entity413 -based oral rehydration salts solution on reduction of stool output and duration of @entity294 in @entity1 with acute watery @entity294 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity166 Group trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase, Lilacs and the reference lists of relevant articles. We also contacted researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized trials comparing standard World Health Organization oral rehydration solution with an experimental oral rehydration salts solution in which @entity413 (20 grams per litre) was replaced by 50-80 grams per litre of @entity579 powder, with the electrolytes remaining unchanged. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted independently by a statistician and a clinician. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-two trials were included. Concealment of allocation was adequate in 15 of these trials. Irrespective of age, @entity1 with @entity3081 who were given @entity579 oral rehydration salts solution had substantially lower rates of stool loss than those given oral rehydration salts solution in the first 24 hours. Mean stool outputs in the first 24 hours were lower by 67 millilitres/kg of body weight (weighted mean difference -67.40, 95% confidence interval -94.26 to -41.53) in @entity1 , and by 51 millilitres/kg of body weight (weighted mean difference -51.07, 95% confidence interval -65.87 to -36.27) in adults. The rate of stool loss in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity294 was reduced by only four millilitres/kg of body weight (weighted mean difference -4.29, 95% confidence interval -9.36 to 0.78). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: @entity579 -based oral rehydration appears to be effective in reducing stool output in @entity1 with @entity3081 . This effect was not apparent in @entity1 and @entity1 with non- @entity3081 @entity294 .

title: WITHDRAWN: XXXX -based oral rehydration solution for treating @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-cholera diarrhoea', 'diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Rice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a computerized decision support system (DSS) for drug treatment of @entity101 , regarding quality, safety, and cost compared to actual antihypertensive drug treatment. DESIGN: The medical profiles of 338 @entity101 @entity1 treated with drugs against @entity101 were processed by the DSS. The drug treatment proposed by the system was then compared to actual treatment given by their physician. SETTING: Four health centres in the county of V  sterbotten, in Sweden. SUBJECTS: A list of @entity101 @entity1 was extracted from the computerized medical records of each health centre and every fifth @entity1 's medical profile was assessed by the system. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Drug used, drug used in relation to certain @entity66 such as @entity6 , @entity565 , @entity299 ( @entity299 ), and previous @entity583 . Adherence to @entity101 guidelines, safety, and cost. RESULTS: The DSS suggested significantly more @entity7206 and significantly fewer @entity460 antagonists than the physicians had prescribed, with a total cost reduction of 33-40%, depending on doses chosen. The DSS drug profile was more adherent to guidelines in @entity1 with major complicating diseases, suggesting an improvement in treatment quality for these @entity1 by the DSS. CONCLUSION: The DSS which fully implements current guidelines may improve the quality of antihypertensive treatment, concurrently leading to a considerable reduction in drug costs.

title: Evaluation of a computer-based decision support system for treatment of XXXX with drugs: retrospective, nonintervention testing of cost and guideline adherence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['major diseases']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The @entity733 of @entity4340 are more often secondary to a loco-regional cause. The authors report a series of 42 @entity733 of @entity4340 in 30 @entity1 during 3 years. It concerns 16 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 witch a mean age of 35 years. The @entity733 was secondary to a spondylodiscis in 25 @entity1 and primary in 5 @entity1 . The size of the @entity733 was upper 5 cm with a variable ultrasound structure: liquid in 33 cases, hypoechogenic in 9 cases. All @entity1 underwent a percutaneous treatment guided by ultrasonography. A single or multiple evacuation puncture with 16 Gauge needle were performed for 40 @entity733 . @entity5173 with 14 french drain was used in 3 cases. In 2 other cases, the percutaneous drainage was used firstly. The bacteriological study of puncture liquid isolated the germ in 8 cases. Evaluation has been assessed in only 29 cases. The recovery was reached in 12 @entity733 on 15 which were treated by a single puncture. In 10 @entity733 on 13 treated by multiple puncture; and in 4 @entity733 an 5 managed by drainage. The results demonstrate the accuracy of single or multiple drainage puncture associated with adapted antibiotherapy in the management of @entity733 .

title: [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity4340 . Apropos of a study with 30 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['Complementary percutaneous drainage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical manifestation and diagnosis of @entity6010 in spine and investigate the clinical effect of surgical treatment. METHODS: The clinical data of 6 @entity1 underwent a surgery for @entity6010 in spine from January 2008 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 4 males and 2 females, aged from 2 to 63 years old with an average of 34.6 years. The courses of disease were from 3 days to 17 years. Five @entity1 complicated with superficial @entity1183 in correlative level of @entity5 , and the muscle strength under @entity5 plane had decreased at different levels, with the strength of grade II-IV. Two cases complicated with @entity4372 and positive bilateral Hoffmann's and Babinski sign. Five cases were @entity75 in correlative spinal canal and one case complicated with the giant occupying lesion in thoracic cavity. RESULTS: Six operations had been performed including 5 en bloc and 1 subtotal resection. Postoperative pathological results showed @entity5 cells scattered or fasciculated inserted into Schwann cells in the stroma. In 2 @entity1 complicated with radiculalgia before operation, 1 case was relieved and 1 was invariant after operation. All 4 @entity1 with preoperative dyscinesia in the limbs obtained improvement after operation. All the @entity1 were followed up from 0.3 to 6.8 years with an average of 2.5 years. At the final follow-up, according to ASIA grade, 5 cases were good and 1 case was invariant. During the follow-up, only 1 @entity1 experienced chemoradiation because of merging @entity6012 and receiving subtotal resection. No recurrence in other 5 cases. CONCLUSION: @entity6010 is a benign and rare @entity5 in spine. Clinically, @entity158 and @entity3481 are the main manifestations. Its diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Prognosis of surgical treatment is good.

title: [Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of XXXX in spine].

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['Ganglioneuroma', 'ganglioneuroma']

entities_list: @entity6012 :: ('MESH:D018305', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic lesion']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['sensory-motor disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypermyotonia']

answer: @entity6010 :: (MESH:D005729,Disease) :: ['ganglioneuroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical determinants of occurrence of postictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES) after generalized @entity410 (GCS). METHODS: We reviewed the video-EEG recordings of 417 @entity1 included in the REPO2MSE study, a multicenter prospective cohort study of @entity1 with drug-resistant focal @entity302 . According to ictal semiology, we classified GCS into 3 types: tonic-clonic GCS with bilateral and symmetric tonic arm extension (type 1), clonic GCS without tonic arm extension or flexion (type 2), and GCS with unilateral or asymmetric tonic arm extension or flexion (type 3). Association between PGES and @entity1 -specific or @entity410 -specific variables was analyzed after correction for individual effects and the varying number of @entity410 . RESULTS: A total of 99 GCS in 69 @entity1 were included. Occurrence of PGES was independently associated with GCS type (p < 0.001) and lack of early administration of @entity26 (p < 0.001). Odds ratio (OR) for GCS type 1 in comparison with GCS type 2 was 66.0 (95% confidence interval [CI 5.4-801.6]). In GCS type 1, risk of PGES was significantly increased when the @entity410 occurred during sleep (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.2-20.9) and when @entity26 was not administered early (OR 13.4, 95% CI 3.2-55.9). CONCLUSION: The risk of PGES dramatically varied as a function of GCS semiologic characteristics. Whatever the type of GCS, occurrence of PGES was prevented by early administration of @entity26 .

title: Risk factors of postictal generalized EEG suppression in generalized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsive seizures']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['convulsive seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) classically occurs after group A Streptococcus (GAS) @entity7551 in @entity1 aged over 5 years in developing countries. The present report describes the bacterial and host determinants in non-related toddlers who developed @entity4789 diagnostic criteria after @entity137 ( @entity137 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: A 13-month-old @entity1 and a 14-month-old @entity1 presented GAS @entity137 . After several weeks, multiple subcutaneous nodules as well as @entity625 or monoarthritis developed in both @entity1 , fulfilling Jones criteria of @entity4789 . The relevance of the Jones criteria for very young @entity1 is, however, debatable and their use might lead to the unnecessary prescribing of secondary prophylaxis. A molecular analysis of both bacterial and host factors was carried out in an attempt to decipher the combination that could have led to such uncommon, but very similar presentations. The two GAS isolates belonged to the usual, although distinct, invasive emm-types 1 and 3. Both isolates carried a wide set of prophage-encoded virulence factors, with only the @entity21511 and speA superantigen-encoding genes in common. Both @entity1 shared the @entity3098 *0301 allele, which has been associated with susceptibility to GAS necrotizing @entity9156 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study exemplifies the particularity of @entity4789 in young @entity1 and the complex role of superantigens and streptodornases in GAS-related pathologies.

title: Group A Streptococcus virulence and host factors in two toddlers with @entity4789 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'Rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['migratory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic shock syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine quality of life and coping strategies among immigrant @entity1 living with @entity1118 . DESIGN: Qualitative content analysis based on in-depth semistructured interviews. SETTING: A clinic specifically targeting immigrants at a larger university hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. @entity1 : Non-western female immigrant @entity1 suffering from @entity1118 (n=13). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Experiences of the impact of @entity1118 on quality of life. RESULTS: @entity1118 was perceived to have an extensive, adverse effect on all aspects of quality of life, including physical health, mental well-being and social relations. This included the ability to maintain activities of daily living and the ability to work. @entity1118 was further experienced as a cause of @entity147 , @entity308 and altered personalities, which all had great consequences on @entity1 's social interactions, causing change and loss of social relations. A variety of coping strategies were used to cope with the @entity158 , manage its consequences, and restore a level of health that would enable @entity1 to function and fulfil social roles. Many @entity1 coped with the @entity158 by altering everyday life, keeping daily activities to a minimum and taking @entity158 -killing drugs, offering temporary relief. Seeking healthcare was another coping strategy used as an active means to assert agency and as a temporary distraction from @entity158 . However, accessing healthcare also involved a risk of disagreement and disappointments. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1118 had a severe negative impact on quality of life and necessitated alterations in everyday life and active health-seeking strategies. Implications for practice imply a need for a more holistic approach to immigrant @entity1 with @entity1118 , including a family-centred approach. Further research is needed to explore similarities or differences in and between populations with diverse ethnic, socioeconomic and psychosocial backgrounds, and to assess how ethnicity and culture might influence the experiences of @entity1118 .

title: Quality of life and coping strategies among immigrant @entity1 living with XXXX in Denmark: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Acute and subacute audiometric hearing changes were evaluated in 12 @entity1 receiving 35 courses of very high-dose (vhd) @entity900 (200 mg/m2 per course) in hypertonic saline at 4 or 8-week intervals. Audiogical evaluations were performed both before and immediately after each course of chemotherapy, and again after the discontinuation of treatment. A significant drop of the mean hearing threshold (P less than 0.01) at high frequencies was observed even within 48 h from the end of the first course of therapy, with 50% of the @entity1 presenting a @entity393 of more than 15 dB. At the same total dose (200 mg/m2), one course of this regimen provided an incidence of @entity393 of more than 15 dB, which was four times greater than that reported with two courses of standard-dose regimens. The incidence and severity of the @entity393 progressed further with subsequent courses of chemotherapy. Compared with baseline levels, most @entity1 (75%) receiving at least two courses had a moderate to severe @entity393 , especially involving 4 and 8 kHz. At the end of treatment, 33% of the @entity1 complained of a nondisabling functional @entity393 . No recovery occurred after chemotherapy had been discontinued for 9-28 weeks. At this dose level @entity900 is markedly @entity2167 . The use of hypertonic saline and vigorous hydration are effective means of minimizing the risk of nephrotoxicity, but seem to have no effect on @entity900 -related @entity2167 .

title: Very high-dose XXXX -induced @entity2167 : a preliminary report on early and long-term effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxic', 'ototoxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Little is known about the organization of lipids in biomembranes. Lipid rafts are defined as @entity8483 - and @entity165 -rich clusters in the membrane. Details of the lipid distribution of lipid rafts are not well characterized mainly because of a lack of appropriate probes. Ganglioside GM1-specific protein, cholera toxin, has long been the only lipid probe of lipid rafts. Recently it was shown that earthworm toxin, lysenin, specifically recognizes @entity4291 -rich membrane domains. Binding of lysenin to @entity4291 is accompanied by the oligomerization of the toxin that leads to pore formation in the target membrane. In this study, we generated a truncated lysenin mutant that does not oligomerize and thus is non-toxic. Using this mutant lysenin, we showed that plasma membrane @entity4291 -rich domains are spatially distinct from @entity4163 GM1-rich membrane domains in Jurkat T cells. Like T cell receptor activation and cross-linking of GM1, cross-linking of @entity4291 induced @entity460 influx and ERK phosphorylation in the cell. However, unlike CD3 or GM1, cross-linking of @entity4291 did not induce significant protein @entity669 phosphorylation. Combination of lysenin and sphingomyelinase treatment suggested the involvement of G-protein-coupled receptor in @entity4291 -mediated signal transduction. These results thus suggest that the @entity4291 -rich domain provides a functional signal cascade platform that is distinct from those provided by T cell receptor or GM1. Our study therefore elucidates the spatial and functional heterogeneity of lipid rafts.

title: Spatial and functional heterogeneity of XXXX -rich membrane domains.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity8483 :: ('CHEBI:26739', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipid']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity8483 :: (CHEBI:26739,Chemical) :: ['sphingolipid']


abstract: @entity4607 is one of the most common @entity5 in the lung, and most of the lung hamartomas are located in the parenchyma. This report reviews 24 cases with this kind of @entity5 . The male-female ratio was 1.4:1 and the mean age 46.4 years. Sixteen @entity1 of the 24 were asymptomatic, while in the remainder cases @entity662 or distress, cough, short breath or hemoptysis were presented. @entity4607 is usually composed of cartilage, fat, smooth muscle and respiratory epithelium. X-ray findings of the parenchymal type in these cases were characterized by a round or oval sharply outlined mass, but only one with a mass in the shape of a dumbbell. 33% cases showed @entity730 . In 19 cases the mass was < 3.0 cm diameter (79%) and in 17 it was located in the superficial edge of the lung. The diagnosis was confirmed in only 6 cases preoperatively. The other cases were misdiagnosed as @entity2 , @entity6551 , @entity3 of the lung, etc. Enucleation or wedge resection is desirable for this kind of @entity5 .

title: [ XXXX : an analysis of 24 cases].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['Lung hamartoma', 'Hamartoma']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['Hamartoma of the lung']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of functional knee braces on postural control in @entity1 with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) @entity397 . BACKGROUND: @entity6151 leads to both mechanical knee instability and deficits in proprioception. Although elastic knee braces do not increase mechanical stability, @entity1 report improved stability when wearing a brace. Elastic braces were found to reduce the loss of proprioception. It is, however, still unclear whether they also improve postural control, which involves the processing of proprioceptive input at a higher level. METHODS: We studied 58 @entity1 with isolated unilateral @entity6151 using computerized dynamic posturography and compared overall stability index (OSI) scores for injured and uninjured legs with and without a knee brace. In addition, @entity1 were classified as copers and non-copers depending on knee function. RESULTS: Within subjects, OSI scores were 3.0    1.1   for uninjured legs when unbraced, 2.8  1.3   for uninjured legs when braced (p=0.17), 3.7    1.5   for unbraced injured legs, and 2.9    1.3   for braced injured legs (p<0.001). For the injured legs of copers and non-copers, OSI scores were 3.4      1.2   for copers and 4.0      1.6   for non-copers in the unbraced condition (p=0.11) and 2.7    1.0   for copers and 3.1    1.4   for non-copers in the braced condition (p=0.26). CONCLUSION: Elastic knee braces increase postural stability by approximately 22% in @entity1 with @entity6151 . There was no difference in postural stability between uninjured and injured legs in the braced condition. One possible explanation is that bracing improves both proprioception and postural control.

title: Effects of knee bracing on postural control after anterior cruciate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6151 :: ('MESH:D057971', 'Disease') :: ['ACL rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ligament rupture']


abstract: Mononucleated myoblasts divide in vitro until they attain confluency and fuse, forming multinucleated myotubes. Fusion is an extracellular @entity141 -dependent process. We used for our studies an established line of skeletal myoblasts (L6) as well as a non-fusing Myo- alpha-amanitin-resistant mutant of this line (Ama102). Our results show that extracellular @entity460 at concentrations which elicit myoblast fusion activates the phosphorylation of a protein species of 48 kD, present at the surface of mononucleated myoblasts of the fusing wild type (L6). At fusion, as the cells become independent of the extracellular @entity460 concentration for their further differentiation, this activation can no longer be observed. In fusion inhibition experiments, where we used lowered @entity460 levels, the phosphorylation of the 48 kD protein band is clearly decreased. When the myoblasts are fed with standard medium, they fuse rapidly and the phosphorylation of the 48 kD species is markedly increased. The above-described phenomenon takes place at the cell surface and is completed in a short time. The use of Myo- mutant showed that it is developmentally regulated. In view of our results, it is reasonable to postulate that @entity141 -activated phosphorylation of the cell surface could be on the basis of spontaneous myoblast fusion.

title: Spontaneous myoblast fusion is mediated by cell surface XXXX -dependent protein kinase(s).

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1171 are among the most common musculoskeletal injures. These @entity174 occur with an overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate around 180 per 100 000 @entity1 -years. The most frequent mechanism is considered to be supination-external rotation (60 to 80% of all @entity1171 ) consisting of pathologic external rotation of the foot initially placed in some degree of supination. According to Lauge-Hansen classification, ankle joint structures are damaged in a sequence where the final, stage @entity130 , represents transverse fracture of the medial malleolus or its equivalent- @entity397 of the deltoid ligament. AIM OF THE WORK: The aim of this study is to compare the results of two subtypes of supination-external rotation stage IV @entity174 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 43 @entity1 treated surgically in 2006 to 2007 at Authors institution because of stage IV supination-external rotation @entity1171 were submitted to retrospective analysis. There were 25 @entity1 with @entity1171 (type 1) and in 18 @entity1 with lateral @entity174 with accompanying @entity397 of the deltoid ligament (type 2). The mean age was 46 years (from 20 to 82 years). Average follow up period was 37 months (from 24 to 46 months). For the evaluation of treatment AOFAS hind-foot score (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society) was used. RESULTS: The mean AOFAS score scale for Type 1 @entity174 was 85 points and for type 2 was significantly higher and amounted to 91 points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Supination-external rotation stage IV @entity1171 with @entity174 , requires the implementation of additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and procedures in order to improve the outcome of results.

title: [Outcome of operative treatment for supination-external rotation Lauge-Hansen stage IV XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'malleolar fracture', 'medial malleolar fracture']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture', 'ankle fractures', 'bimalleolar fracture', 'Ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['IV injuries']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the treatment of @entity2 , an accurate estimation of @entity1 clinical outcome is essential for choosing an appropriate course of therapy. It is important to develop a prognostic stratification model which combines clinical, pathological and demographic factors for individualized clinical decision making. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A total of 234,412 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity420 or @entity957 of the lung or bronchus between 1988 and 2006 were retrieved from the SEER database to construct a prognostic model. A model was developed by estimating a Cox proportional hazards model on 500 bootstrapped samples. Two models, one using stage alone and another comprehensive model using additional covariates, were constructed. The comprehensive model consistently outperformed the model using stage alone in prognostic stratification and on Harrell's C, Nagelkerke's R(2), and Brier Scores in the whole @entity1 population as well as in specific treatment modalities. Specifically, the comprehensive model generated different prognostic groups with distinct post-operative survival (log-rank P<0.001) within surgical stage IA and IB @entity1 in Kaplan-Meier analyses. Two additional @entity1 cohorts (n = 1,991) were used as an external validation, with the comprehensive model again outperforming the model using stage alone with regards to prognostic stratification and the three evaluated metrics. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These results demonstrate the feasibility of constructing a precise prognostic model combining multiple clinical, pathologic, and demographic factors. The comprehensive model significantly improves individualized prognosis upon @entity5 staging and is robust across a range of treatment modalities, the spectrum of @entity1 risk, and in novel @entity1 cohorts.

title: Combining clinical, pathological, and demographic factors refines prognosis of XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['AJCC tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: In the animal model of @entity5302 II only corneas from @entity669 (tyr)-fed @entity35 produce chemoattractants in organ culture. To study the role of neutrophils (PMNs) in production of these chemoattractants, leukocytes (WBCs) were depleted using i.p. @entity786 (CP). Saline ( @entity2697 )-treated @entity35 maintained 18,375 +/- 894 WBC/mm3 (mean +/- SEM) with 4168 +/- 424 PMNs. @entity35 receiving CP (150 mg/kg day 0, 75 mg/kg day 4) has 1565 +/- 170 WBC (565 +/- 129 PMN) on day 3, and 398 +/- 68 WBC (19 +/- 5 PMN) on day 8. @entity35 ate a low-protein +/- 5% tyr diet on days 4-8. Only @entity2697 -treated tyr-fed @entity35 developed plaque-like gray epithelial lesions; histopathology showed @entity39 , stromal @entity4 , and epithelial and stromal PMN infiltration. Control and CP-treated tyr-fed @entity35 corneas showed no @entity32 . On day 8 corneas were cultured in RPMI 1640 + 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. After 3 days, supernatants were assayed for chemotactic activity (leading front method); data were expressed as the percentage of peritoneal PMN migration relative to 5% zymosan-activated rat serum. The mean total migration toward 75% supernatant from @entity2697 -treated, tyr-fed @entity35 corneas was 79%, whereas migration toward corneal supernatants from controls and CP-treated tyr-fed @entity35 ranged from 42-48%. Corneal extracts were assayed for proteolytic activity. WBC depletion prevented the increase in @entity8647 - and D-like activities present in tyr-fed corneas, suggesting that PMNs were a major source of these enzymes. The data suggest that WBC depletion reduces both @entity32 in vivo and the production of chemotactic activity by tyr-fed corneas in culture.

title: Role of leukocytes in XXXX of @entity5302 II.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'corneal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['corneal epithelial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity5302 :: ('MESH:D020176', 'Disease') :: ['tyrosinemia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['ocular inflammation']


abstract: @entity565 disproportionately affects non-whites in urban areas and those of low socioeconomic status, yet @entity565 's social patterning is not well-explained by known risk factors. We hypothesized that disadvantaged urban populations experience acute and chronic housing stressors which produce psychological stress and impact health through biological and behavioral pathways. We examined eight outcomes: six @entity1 respiratory outcomes as well as parent and @entity1 general health, using data from 682 low-income, Chicago parents of diagnosed and undiagnosed asthmatic @entity1 . We created a continuous exposure, representing material, social and emotional dimensions of housing stressors, weighted by their parent-reported difficulty. We compared the 75th to the 25th quartile of exposure in adjusted binomial and negative binomial regression models. Higher risks and rates of poor health were associated with higher housing stressors for six of eight outcomes. The risk difference (RD) for poor/fair general health was larger for @entity1 [RD = 6.28 (95% CI 1.22, 11.35)] than for parents [RD = 3.88 (95% CI -1.87, 9.63)]. The @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) for exercise intolerance was nearly one extra day per 2 weeks for the higher exposure group [ @entity1168 = 0.88 (95% CI 0.41, 1.35)]; nearly one-third extra day per 2 weeks for waking at night [ @entity1168 = 0.32 (95% CI 0.01, 0.63)]; and nearly one-third extra day per 6 months for unplanned medical visits [ @entity1168 = 0.30 (95% CI 0.059, 0.54)]. Results contribute to the conceptualization of urban stress as a "social pollutant" and to the hypothesized role of stress in health disparities. Interventions to improve @entity565 outcomes must address individuals' reactions to stress while we seek structural solutions to residential stressors and health inequities.

title: Stress and the city: housing stressors are associated with respiratory health among low socioeconomic status Chicago XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['IRD', 'incidence rate difference']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 are common in early pregnancy in 50-90% of pregnant @entity1 and resolves in all but 10% of these @entity1 . Many obstetricians encounter this problem and should be familiar with the probable outcomes, current treatment options and oral health component of its management. This study assessed the awareness of obstetrics residents of the oral health component of management of @entity390 and @entity391 in pregnancy. METHODS: This study was carried out among resident doctors in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Nigeria. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. The data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17.0. Non parametric analysis in the form of chi square was carried out to test for statistical significance with P value <0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 200 questionnaires were administered while 186 were filled and returned, giving a response rate of 93%, comprising 21.5% senior residents and 78.5% junior residents. Most of the respondents agreed that oral health is important in pregnancy. A majority (58%) also thought that oral health complaints in pregnancy were not normal. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents neither assessed teeth and gums of pregnant @entity1 for problems during ante-natal care nor educated them on care that would improve their oral health. Majority (95.7%) of the respondents assisted pregnant @entity1 with dealing with @entity390 and @entity391 but were not aware of the oral health component of its management. CONCLUSION: Oral health component in the management of @entity390 and @entity391 in pregnancy has been largely neglected in obstetric care. It is pertinent that ante-natal health care providers receive adequate education on perinatal oral health care.

title: Resident obstetricians' awareness of the oral health component in management of XXXX and @entity391 in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between computed tomographic scan findings of subcortical @entity1188 , periventricular lucency, and @entity67 and a @entity1 's performance on a range of neuropsychological tests. DESIGN: Prospective study of @entity1 in whom computed tomographic scanning identified discrete areas of subcortical lucency that were consistent with multiple subcortical @entity1188 and in whom there was no evidence for additional cerebral computer tomographic pathology. SETTING: Hospital practice that included both inpatients and ambulatory @entity1 . @entity1 : One hundred forty-seven consecutive appropriate computed tomographic scans were identified. Sixty-two @entity1 were excluded because of concomitant medical disorders, and eight refused participation. We describe 77 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: The number of @entity1188 but not the volume of @entity1188 , periventricular lucency, and cerebral @entity67 but not cortical @entity194 were significantly associated with impaired performance on neuropsychological tests. The number of @entity1188 correlated with impaired performance on tests, and this impaired performance was thought to be dependent on the function of frontal systems, while periventricular lucency and @entity67 correlated with impaired performance on a wider range of tests, including tests that depended on memory and language. CONCLUSIONS: The number of @entity1188 , periventricular lucency, and @entity67 are the computed tomographic head scan parameters that correlated with severity of impaired performance on neuropsychological tests in @entity1 with subcortical @entity1188 . @entity73 is presumed to be the result of cortical disconnection following disruption of the connections between the subcortical regions and the frontal cortex.

title: @entity73 following subcortical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: "Toxicology" includes a broad range of application such as environmental, clinical and forensic toxicology. These several kinds of applied toxicology forms a mutually connected ring. This ring is supported by a column called as deductive and detective analysis by the author. "Deductive toxicology" is a way of thinking to solve toxicological problems more multidimensionally. In this paper, an application of this way to the study of @entity79 observed in Itai-itai diseased @entity1 is described. In cultured embryonic @entity1573 bone, both @entity3409 and @entity920 induced an @entity3145 . However, @entity219 induced an @entity1987 as a result of strong inhibition of calcification. These histological changes were supported by investigation using a culture system of osteoblastic @entity19 cells. @entity3409 stimulated bone resorption in a neonatal parietal bone. In addition, @entity3409 stimulated the formation of osteoclast-like cells in bone marrow cell culture. It is thus suggested that @entity3409 and @entity920 are factors of @entity170 whereas @entity219 is a factor of @entity4772 when they directly act on bone tissues. A simultaneous exposure of @entity3409 and @entity219 to cultured bones resulted in an @entity1987 with or without inhibition of bone matrix formation. @entity920 caused an @entity2048 or the presence of @entity219 . A combination of @entity3409 and @entity920 induced a severe @entity16 and osteogenic mesenchymal cells. These results suggested that an interactive exhibition of heavy metal @entity137 can cause various @entity79 such as @entity4772 , @entity170 and osteoporomalacia. The idea that heavy metals can directly act on bone tissues and their interaction can induce various histological changes in the tissue will help an understanding of @entity79 in @entity19362 .

title: [Interactive exhibition of heavy metal XXXX in bone metabolism. From the viewpoint of deductive toxicology].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacic change']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic change of the osseous tissue']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage of osteoblasts']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity19362 :: ('MESH:D002105', 'Disease') :: ['Itai-itai disease']

entities_list: @entity3409 :: ('MESH:D002104', 'Chemical') :: ['Cadmium', 'cadmium']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity920 :: ('MESH:D003300', 'Chemical') :: ['copper', 'Copper']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic change in the absence']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if maintenance rituximab (MR) after standard chemotherapy improves progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced-stage @entity706 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage III-IV @entity706 with responding or stable disease after @entity786 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 (CVP) chemotherapy were stratified by initial @entity5 burden, @entity66 after CVP (minimal or gross), and histology, and randomly assigned to observation (OBS) or MR 375 mg/m(2) once per week for 4 weeks every 6 months for 2 years. PFS was the primary end point. RESULTS: Three hundred eleven (282 with @entity706 ) evaluable @entity1 who received CVP were randomly assigned to OBS (n = 158) or MR (n = 153). Best response improved in 22% MR versus 7% OBS @entity1 (P = .00006). @entity137 was minimal in both study arms. Three-year PFS after random assignment was 68% MR versus 33% OBS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.4; P = 4.4 x 10(-10) [all @entity1 ]) and 64% MR v 33% OBS (HR = 0.4; P = 9.2 x 10(-8) [ @entity1 with @entity706 ]). There was an advantage for MR regardless of @entity706 International Prognostic Index score, @entity5 burden, @entity66 , or histology. In multivariate analysis of MR @entity1 , minimal disease after CVP was a favorable prognostic factor. @entity3012 at 3 years was 92% MR versus 86% OBS (HR = 0.6; log-rank one-sided P = .05) and, among @entity1 with @entity706 , @entity3012 was 91% MR versus 86% (HR = 0.6; log-rank one-sided P = .08). A trend favoring MR was observed among @entity1 with high @entity5 burden (log-rank one-sided P = .03). CONCLUSION: The E1496 study provides the first phase III data in untreated @entity706 that MR after chemotherapy significantly prolongs PFS.

title: Maintenance rituximab after XXXX , @entity1891 , and @entity229 prolongs progression-free survival in advanced @entity706 : results of the randomized phase III ECOG1496 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['indolent lymphoma', 'Follicular Lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of selective sacral rhizotomy in treating @entity1494 after @entity1566 and to explore the mechanism and the best surgical method of different sacral rhizotomies. METHODS: The @entity1494 models were established in 12 male @entity235 and were divided into 4 groups according to the different rhizotomies of the sacral nerve as the following: rhizotomy of the anterior root of S2 (group A), rhizotomy of the anterior root of S2 and half of the anterior root of S3 (group B), rhizotomy of the anterior roots of S2 and S3 (group C), and total rhizotomy of the nerve roots of S2-4 (group D). By urodynamic examination and electrophysiological observation, the changes of all functional data were recorded and compared between pre-rhizotomy and post-rhizotomy to testify the best surgical method. In clinical trial, according to the results of the above experiments, rhizotomy of the anterior root of S2 or one of the half-anterior root of S3 were conducted on 32 @entity1 with @entity1494 after @entity1566 . The mean bladder capacity, the mean urine evacuation and the mean urethra pressure were (120 +/- 30), (100 +/- 30)ml and (120 +/- 20) cm @entity2507 , respectively before rhizotomy. RESULTS: After rhizotomy, the bladder capacity in 4 groups amounted to (150 +/- 50), (180 +/- 50), (230 +/- 50), and (400 +/- 50) ml, respectively; and the urine evacuation volume were (130 +/- 30), (180 +/- 50), (100 +/- 50) and (50 +/- 30)ml, respectively. In the treated 32 @entity1 , the mean bladder capacity were raised to 410 ml, and the mean urine evacuation volume were also increased to 350 ml. @entity322 disappeared in all @entity1 . After 22-month follow-up on 13 @entity1 , no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION: The effect of selective sacral rhizotomy in treating @entity1566 is significant and worthy of further studies.

title: [Experimental and clinical studies on selective sacral rhizotomy in treatment of XXXX after @entity1566 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Incontinence of urine']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['spastic bladder']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'spastic cord injury']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['spastic bladder']


abstract: PURPOSE: Open surgical muscle biopsy (OB) and percutaneous Bergstroem needle muscle biopsy (NB) are equally accepted procedures. However, there are no data comparing @entity158 for both techniques. We designed this prospective trial to test the hypothesis that the less invasive NB causes less @entity158 than OB. METHODS: In a two-center prospective trial, 33 @entity1 underwent both procedures in one session. All @entity1 quantified @entity158 using the numeric rating scale (NRS). Mean NRS values were calculated along with the difference in NRS values (  NRS) between both types of biopsies. RESULTS: Mean NRS values were 4.5 (  2.7 standard deviation [SD]) for NB and 3.2 (  2.1) for OB (P=0.02). Of the @entity1 , 57.6% described the   NRS as  <=2 NRS points. Regarding the @entity158 categories "mild" (NRS 0-3), "moderate" (NRS 4-7), and "severe" (NRS 8-10), no significant difference was observed between NB and OB. @entity1 who found NB to be more uncomfortable were more likely to quantify the   NRS as >2 NRS points than @entity1 finding OB more uncomfortable. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the hypothesis that @entity158 in NB is less than in OB. When informing the @entity1 about both types of muscle biopsies, the amount of @entity158 should not serve as a differentiating characteristic.

title: Differences in XXXX perception during open muscle biopsy and Bergstroem needle muscle biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['intraprocedural pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether administration of postoperative antibiotics affects the incidence of complications after primary @entity2419 repair in a developing area. METHODS: This study was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial composed of 518 consecutive @entity1 who underwent primary @entity2419 repair at a single institution. @entity1 were aged 1 to 43 years at the time of surgery (median, 9 years). The @entity1 were divided randomly into two groups. One group received a 5-day regimen of oral @entity115 (50 mg/kg/day) postoperatively and the other group received placebo medication. Both groups received a single dose of @entity2261 (30 mg/kg) before incision. @entity1 and providers were blinded to the randomization. @entity1 were followed postoperatively for @entity532 (infection and wound breakdown) and for late complications ( @entity2419 ). RESULTS: The incidence of @entity532 was 13.8 percent among the @entity1 in the placebo group and 8.7 percent among the @entity1 in the antibiotic group (p = 0.175). Fistulas were noted in 17.1 percent in the placebo group and in 10.7 percent in the antibiotic group (p = 0.085). Logistic regression analysis identified visiting surgeons as the only covariate related to @entity532 (OR, 3.71; p < 0.001). However, the use of placebo (OR, 2.09; p = 0.037), female sex (OR, 2.04; p = 0.047), and @entity3354 (OR, 3.31; p = 0.004) were observed as factors associated with the incidence of @entity292 . CONCLUSION: The authors' results indicate that postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of @entity292 after primary @entity2419 repair in a developing area.

title: Role of Postoperative Antimicrobials in XXXX Surgery: Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['early complications']

entities_list: @entity3354 :: ('MESH:C565336', 'Disease') :: ['Veau III and IV']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'palatal fistulas']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Cleft Palate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Because evacuation of effusion or collection could depend on the type of drainage, we compared the effects of closed @entity5173 with @entity400 through tubes or undulated drains after abdominoperineal rectal excision for @entity189 on early and late perineal wound healing. METHODS: Of 234 consecutive @entity1 undergoing abdominoperineal rectal excision for @entity189 between January 1983 and August 1990, unsatisfactory hemostasis or gross intraoperative septic contamination were recorded in 48 @entity1 who were not included in the trial. After rectal excision and closure of the perineum, the remaining 186 @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity400 ( @entity400 ; n = 96) or closed @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ; n = 90). Eighteen @entity1 were withdrawn because of protocol violation, and three were lost to follow-up, leaving 165 (89 @entity400 and 76 @entity5173 ) @entity1 for analysis. Preoperative factors (sex, age, degree of @entity28 , @entity353 , @entity417 , or presence of ascites), intraoperative and pathologic findings (Dukes stage), and postoperative courses (recurrence, late mortality) were similar in both groups. All @entity1 were followed up for 12 months or until @entity204 . RESULTS: The rate of perineums healed at one month was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in @entity400 (55/89 = 61 percent) compared with @entity5173 (54/72 = 75 percent) @entity1 . At three months, the rate of healed perineums no longer differed between the two groups (70/87 = 81 percent vs. 60/72 = 84 percent). The number of @entity12478 , secondary reopenings, and perineums not healed at 12 months was similar in both groups. Median duration to complete healing was similar in both groups (23 vs. 21 days, respectively). On the other hand, three retained drains were seen in @entity400 @entity1 only. The median duration of hospital stay was identical in both groups (22 days). Seven @entity1 died in the early postoperative period, including one in the @entity400 group and six in the @entity5173 group. There was no significant difference in the number of late deaths (3 vs. 7) in @entity400 and @entity5173 @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that closed @entity5173 should be used after abdominoperineal rectal excision with satisfactory hemostasis or absence of gross introperative septic contamination.

title: Passive vs. closed @entity5173 after perineal wound closure following abdominoperineal rectal excision for XXXX . A multicenter, controlled trial. The French Association for Surgical Research.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity12478 :: ('MESH:D014624', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'suction drainage']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'passive drainage']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity627 in Han Chinese in north and south China. METHODS: Samples of 4192 adults in the Beijing (north) and 5057 in the Shantou (south) areas, based on village administration registers, were studied. The same questionnaire was administered by doctors who then examined those with @entity627 . One observer (QYZ) took part in both studies. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) was 0.34% (95% CI; 0.20-0.51) in the north and 0.32% (0.16-0.47) in the south. @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) was noted in 0.26% of both samples (95% CI; 0.11-0.42 north and 0.14-0.40 south). Only 3 cases of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) in the north and one in the south were identified. General @entity158 was reported more frequently in the north. Lumbar problems were recorded on examination 5 times more frequently in the north than in the south [ @entity1 , 25%:5.3%; @entity1 38%:6.5%] and knee problems 10 times more frequently [ @entity1 , 24%:1.8%; @entity1 , 36%:3.4%] in the north. The difference was greatest in the 55 to 64 year age group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity309 was similar to that in other rural populations and Japan, but only half that reported from other industrialized communities. The prevalence of @entity1691 was similar to that in most Caucasian populations. @entity1252 was too infrequent to establish a prevalence with confidence, but did not differ from that in other populations. A study is planned in the south to assess the contribution of interobserver error and/or differences in cultural response to the north/south differences observed in the prevalence of general @entity615 .

title: @entity627 in China: ILAR-China study comparing the prevalence of XXXX in northern and southern rural populations.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic symptoms', 'rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic symptoms and back pain']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['definite rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic symptoms']


abstract: The use of @entity291 pericardium as a urethral patch to substitute a ventral segment of @entity235 urethras was studied. Healing, epithelial growth, urethral permeability, @entity292 , and @entity730 were analyzed. Thirty male mongrel @entity235 of medium and large size underwent resection of a ventral segment of the medial urethra measuring 2.0 x 0.5 cm, which was replaced with a @entity291 pericardium graft, treated with buffered @entity3584 and preserved in @entity406 . Two running sutures of polygalactin 5-0 were applied, one on each side of the patch. The corpus spongiosum was closed with uninterrupted suture and the skin with interrupted suture of polygalactin 5-0. Six months later, the animals were examined and sacrificed under anesthesia. Retrograde urethrograms showed that the urethral healing was complete in six of the 30 animals, without @entity850 , @entity292 or dilations. Microscopic examination showed complete epithelization of these six urethras. The remaining 24 animals presented @entity292 without @entity850 , demonstrated by urethral catheterism using a 10-Fr plastic catheter. These data show that a successful urethral reconstruction of the penile urethra was possible in only 20% of the operated animals. Infection and leakage may be the cause of the @entity292 present in 80% of cases. Further studies are necessary to determine whether such @entity292 are avoidable. If they are, the @entity291 pericardium may well be an option in the treatment of @entity75 in @entity235 .

title: Urethroplasty using a @entity291 pericardium graft: an experimental study using normal urethras from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['urethral lesions']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas', 'urethrocutaneous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: a reliable assessment of mandibular invasion is crucial for treatment planning to obtain both radical @entity5 resection and good functional results. PURPOSE: to retrospectively compare the diagnostic value of three different imaging methods - computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, @entity419 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT - and their combined use for detection of mandibular invasion by @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the @entity1697 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: forty-six @entity1 (39 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ; mean age, 59.4 years) suspected of having mandibular invasion by @entity1544 underwent CT, MR, and PET/CT within 2 weeks before surgery. First, each study was reviewed separately for the presence of mandibular invasion by @entity5 . Then, the value of combined images was assessed based on a confidence rating score for each modality assigned by observers. These results were verified with histopathologic findings. RESULTS: HIstopathologic examination revealed mandibular invasion in 12 of 46 SCCs. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 41.7%, 100%, and 84.8% for CT; 58.3%, 97.1%, and 87.0% for MR; and 58.3%, 97.1%, and 87.0% for PET/CT, respectively. The comparison of these modalities showed no statistically significant difference among them (P > 0.05). The combination of CT, MR, and PET/CT improved sensitivity (83.3%), without loss of specificity (100%) and accuracy (95.7%), although the difference failed to reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: the combined analysis of CT, MR, and PET/CT can improve sensitivity in the detection of mandibular invasion by @entity1544 .

title: CT, MR, (18)F-FDG PET/CT, and their combined use for the assessment of mandibular invasion by XXXX of the @entity1697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['SCC of the oral cavity']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the impact of @entity810 and dysfunction on the distal nephron. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Selective @entity39 of the kidney @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ) was induced in @entity35 by subcutaneous injection of the aminoglycoside @entity801 during 2 days. Damage and repair were measured until complete morphologic recovery after 10 days. Special attention was given to structural and biochemical alterations in the distal nephron. RESULTS: In control animals, cellular turnover, measured by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, was higher in distal than in proximal tubules. After injury, the strongly increased cell proliferation in regenerating @entity9538 was preceded by an equally important proliferation in the distal tubules of the cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla in the absence of @entity39 but displaying enhanced apoptosis. Yet, epithelial @entity7229 expression was restricted to regenerating @entity4094 . A temporary loss in the amount of immunostainable epidermal growth factor in the distal nephron was paralleled by a similar reduction in Tamm- Horsfall protein and @entity2594 receptor staining and in peanut and Helix pomatia lectin binding. Furthermore, the epithelial area/nucleus in the cortical distal tubules was increased by 71%, 6 days after the onset of @entity810 ; this @entity1184 was confirmed ultrastructurally. After full recovery of the @entity4094 , a second burst in proliferative activity occurred in the @entity1184 distal segments in the absence of apoptosis. In the regenerated @entity4094 , an excess cell number was accompanied by increased apoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS: Development of distal tubular @entity1184 after @entity4094 @entity39 may be a compensatory response to a transient loss of proximal tubular function. The early reduction in staining for epidermal growth factor and other distal tubular markers in the presence of apoptosis and @entity1373 indicates transient phenotypic simplification and implies that renal epidermal growth factor is unlikely to control @entity4094 regeneration.

title: @entity1373 , @entity1184 , and phenotypic alterations in the distal nephron after XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal convoluted tubule', 'PCT']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic PCT']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic condition', 'hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute proximal tubular injury', 'acute renal failure']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute proximal tubular injury']


abstract: Seventy cases of blunt @entity130 were retrospectively reviewed for the period 1979-1984. There were 57 adults and 13 @entity1 . Motor vehicle accidents were implicated in 62%. Forty-five splenectomies and eight splenorrhaphies were performed. The @entity1 fell into two groups. Group A, numbering 48 @entity1 , were those operated upon within 24 hours of injury. The mortality rate was 16%, and no deaths were attributable to @entity130 . Indications for surgery were hemodynamic instability in 46% and positive peritoneal lavage in 40%. Group B included 22 @entity1 , 17 of whom were managed nonoperatively with no deaths. Five @entity1 eventually went to laparotomy. Fifty per cent of all @entity1 had associated @entity3511 but only 17% needed repair; 31% of @entity1 were initially managed conservatively with a 77% success rate and no mortality. It is concluded that conservative management is safe in stable @entity1 with blunt @entity130 .

title: The management of blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'splenic trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 often result in chronic relapsing disease that presents a challenge to the currently available therapy. @entity7143 , an oral extended-spectrum @entity10998 agent, has been shown in vitro and in vivo to have potent activity against this fungus. METHODS: An open-label multinational study of @entity7143 , 800 mg/d, administered in divided doses for the treatment of invasive @entity364 that has been refractory to previous therapy was conducted. The data were reviewed by an independent data review committee (DRC). Fifteen @entity1 met the criteria for proven @entity281 and disease refractory to previous therapy. Success was a complete or partial response; nonsuccess was stable disease, lack of response to therapy, or undetermined response. RESULTS: The sites of @entity281 were pulmonary (seven @entity1 ) and disseminated (eight @entity1 ). @entity1 were refractory to previous therapy (including @entity2379 with or without an @entity5638 ) for a median duration of 306 days. At the end of treatment ( @entity7143 treatment duration, 34 to 365 days), therapy for 11 of 15 @entity1 (73%) was considered to be successful by the DRC. Four responses were complete and seven were partial; these included five @entity1 with pulmonary sites and six @entity1 with disseminated sites. In responders, improvement was seen within months of the initiation of therapy. Five @entity1 received therapy for >or= 12 months. The side effects were minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy for @entity6656 remains a clinical challenge, especially when @entity1 have not responded to therapy with drugs that were recommended in treatment guidelines. The success rate (73%) achieved in this case series suggests that oral @entity7143 should be considered as an important agent for the treatment of @entity6656 .

title: XXXX therapy for chronic @entity6656 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Coccidioides infections', 'coccidioidal infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['coccidioidomycosis', 'refractory coccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['Posaconazole', 'posaconazole']

answer: @entity7143 :: (MESH:C101425,Chemical) :: ['Posaconazole']