abstract: The acute and the long-term (24 h) effects of protein kinase C activators, @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) and @entity6165 , and the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 on cultured @entity1707 Leydig cell functions were investigated. None of these drugs modified basal @entity268 production, but they induced a small (3-4-fold) increase in @entity251 secretion. The stimulatory effects of @entity1 choriogonadotropin (hCG; 1 nM) on both @entity268 and @entity251 productions were inhibited by short-term incubation with these drugs. In addition, they suppressed the stimulation of @entity251 output by @entity1928 and @entity7410 , whereas the @entity1928 -dependent @entity268 production was unaffected. The inhibitory effects of @entity4515 on hCG stimulation of both @entity268 and @entity251 were due mainly to a decrease of the Vmax without modification of the ED50. Moreover, @entity4515 did not modify the binding of 125I-hCG. Pretreatment of Leydig cells with the three drugs for 24 h induced more pronounced modifications, such as a reduction in the number of hCG binding sites and a decreased responsiveness to hCG and @entity1928 , the @entity251 production being drastically reduced. The effects of @entity4515 were dose- and time-dependent; however, the concentration of @entity4515 required to induce half-maximal effects on hCG receptors (10 nM) was about one order of magnitude higher than those required to reduce @entity268 and @entity251 productions. Further, the inhibitory effects on @entity268 and @entity251 secretions appeared within the first 3 h, whereas the hCG receptor number remained constant for at least 8 h. It appears therefore, that the main alteration responsible for the steroidogenic refractoriness of @entity4515 -treated Leydig cells is located beyond @entity268 formation. Moreover, since conversion of exogenous @entity3333 to @entity251 by control and @entity4515 -treated cells was similar, the alteration was probably located before @entity3333 formation. Kinetic studies with 125I-hCG showed that the rate of internalization of the hormone-receptor complexes was similar in control cells and in @entity4515 -treated cells, suggesting that the decline in receptor number observed in the latter group after an 8-h delay is not due to an increased rate of internalization nor to sequestration of the internalized receptors inside the cells. Since @entity1880 blocked the effects of @entity4515 on hCG down-regulation, it is likely that the @entity4996 and @entity6165 induce the synthesis of some proteins which blocked the recycling of internalized receptors. A similar hypothesis has been put forward recently to explain the hCG-induced down regulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of protein kinase C activation and XXXX ionophore on cultured @entity1707 Leydig cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity6165 :: ('MESH:C038237', 'Chemical') :: ['1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity7410 :: ('CHEBI:64211', 'Chemical') :: ["8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate"]

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) genes are expressed only in the germ line and certain @entity5 and are most frequently located on the X-chromosome (the @entity5 -X genes). Amongst the best studied @entity5 -X genes are those encoding several MAGE protein families. The function of MAGE proteins is not well understood, but several have been shown to potentially influence the tumorigenic phenotype. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We undertook a mutational analysis of coding regions of four @entity5 -X MAGE genes, @entity6472 , @entity20522 , @entity7488 , @entity6473 and the ubiquitously expressed @entity22870 in @entity1 @entity320 samples. We first examined cell lines established from @entity5 and matching blood samples from 27 @entity320 @entity1 . We found that @entity320 cell lines from 37% of @entity1 contained at least one mutated MAGE gene. The frequency of mutations in the coding regions of individual MAGE genes varied from 3.7% for @entity6472 and @entity20522 to 14.8% for @entity6473 . We also examined 111 fresh @entity320 samples collected from 86 @entity1 . In this case, samples from 32% of the @entity1 exhibited mutations in one or more MAGE genes with the frequency of mutations in individual MAGE genes ranging from 6% in @entity6472 to 16% in @entity7488 . SIGNIFICANCE: These results demonstrate for the first time that the MAGE gene family is frequently mutated in @entity320 .

title: Frequent MAGE mutations in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'Cancer/testis', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity65 remains an important cause of @entity204 in the U.S. where veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces represent a significant segment of the population. Limited national estimates of @entity65 risk factors using physical measurements and reported veteran status in the U.S. civilian population have been reported. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of @entity65 risk factors among veteran and non-veteran @entity1 in the U.S. civilian population. METHODS: Using data from the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1,107 veteran and 3,972 non-veteran @entity1 were identified for this study (analyzed in 2014-2015). Differences in @entity101 , dsylipidemia, @entity6 , @entity28 , and smoking between veterans and non-veterans were compared using chi-square and t-tests. Predicted prevalence from multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, race/Hispanic origin, and poverty level were used to assess whether previous military service was associated with having a @entity65 risk factor. RESULTS: Veteran @entity1 were older than non-veteran @entity1 (59.9 years vs 43.4 years) and were more likely to be non-Hispanic white (79.9% vs 65.7%). Adjusted predicted prevalence estimates show that veterans were more likely than non-veterans to be @entity28 (42.6% vs 33.7%, p<0.01). After adjustment for @entity28 , there was no difference in @entity101 , @entity2299 , diagnosed @entity6 , or smoking between veteran and non-veteran @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a segment of the U.S. civilian population-veteran @entity1 -who have a higher prevalence for @entity28 , a risk factor associated with increased risk for other @entity65 risk factors.

title: XXXX Risk Factors Among Male Veterans, U.S., 2009-2012.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: 1. The identification of @entity165 as a constituent in the genesis of @entity453 in @entity1 and experimental animals are well documented. 2. The hypolipidemic effects of Commiphora mukul (guggulu) and Alium sativum (Garlic powder) were screened in @entity235 and Presbytis monkeys. 3. Progressive decrease in the mean values of @entity165 , @entity1674 and phospholipids were conspicuous for forty eight hours following the administration of guggulu/garlic powder. 4. 25 mg/kg body weight garlic powder was more effective in lowering the serum @entity165 and @entity1674 as compared with that of guggulu. 5. A comparative hypolipidemic action of the two compounds is discussed.

title: Hypolipidemic activity of guggal resin (Commiphora mukul) and garlic (Alium sativum linn.) in XXXX ( @entity235 ) and monkeys (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne).

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The role of @entity6636 in @entity28 via the cross-talk with peripheral tissues is under debate. Our objective was to decipher the mechanisms by which intervention in the gut ecosystem with a specific @entity19941 strain reduces systemic @entity32 and improves @entity209 in @entity28 high-fat diet (HFD) fed @entity19 . METHODS: Adult male wild-type C57BL-6 @entity19 were fed either a standard or HFD, supplemented with placebo or @entity19941 CECT 7765, for 14 weeks. Lymphocytes, macrophages and cytokine/chemokine concentrations were quantified in blood, gut, liver and adipose tissue using bead-based multiplex assays. Biochemical parameters in serum were determined by ELISA and enzymatic assays. Histology was assessed by @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. Microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR. RESULTS: @entity19941 CECT 7765 reduced @entity28 by restoring the balance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and B lymphocytes and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines of adaptive (IL-17A) and innate (TNF-a) immunity and @entity5694 . In the gut, the bifidobacterial administration partially restored the HFD-induced alterations in microbiota, reducing abundances of Firmicutes and of @entity558 , paralleled to reductions in B cells, macrophages, and cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-a, IL-17A), which could contribute to systemic effects. In adipose tissue, bifidobacterial administration reduced B cells whereas in liver the treatment increased Tregs and shifted different cytokines (MCP-1 plus ILP-10 in adipose tissue and INF-y plus IL-1b in liver). In both tissues, the bifidobacteria reduced pro-inflammatory macrophages and, TNF-a and IL-17A concentrations. These effects were accompanied by @entity1017 and in serum @entity165 , @entity412 , @entity413 and insulin levels and improved oral @entity413 tolerance and insulin sensitivity in @entity28 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Here, we provide evidence of the immune cellular mechanisms by which the inflammatory cascade associated with diet-induced @entity28 is attenuated by the administration of a specific @entity19941 strain and that these effects are associated with modulation of gut microbiota structure.

title: XXXX CECT 7765 Reduces Obesity-Associated Inflammation by Restoring the Lymphocyte-Macrophage Balance and Gut Microbiota Structure in High-Fat Diet-Fed @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['LPS-producing Proteobacteria']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity19941 :: ('28026', 'Species') :: ['B. pseudocatenulatum', 'Bifidobacterium', 'Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese', 'obesity-associated systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in body weight gain']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19941 :: (28026,Species) :: ['Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical course of nephrectomized @entity1 due to complications related to @entity1790 and ascertain the prevalence of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in this population. METHODS: From 2005 to 2010, 658 @entity1 were treated with @entity1791 . Among these, 30 (4.6%) were nephrectomized. For each case, a control was selected and matched to the case by age, sex and disease duration. All data were collected from medical records, which contained the clinical, laboratory evaluation and diagnostic imaging. RESULTS: Age of the study group was 51.5    10.4 years and the control group 47.1    5.2 years. There were 17 (85%) @entity1 and three @entity1 in each group. @entity1 from the study group reported 3 (range, 1-5) episodes of acute renal colic before nephrectomy. @entity293 and @entity811 was detected in 70% of cases before surgery. In addition, half of the @entity1 had at least one previous urological procedure. The control group showed higher urinary levels of @entity460 (216.1    114.3 vs. 130.9    72.2), @entity414 (530.2    197.4 vs. 424    75.2) and @entity1792 (755    533 vs. 380.2    260.7), p < 0.01, 0.03 and 0.01, respectively. The @entity1011 clearance was lower in the study group, 52.5    18.8 ml/min vs. 92.9    24.2 ml/min in the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a decrease in kidney function in nephrectomized @entity1 compared to a control group of stone-forming @entity1 with both kidneys. Prospective studies are needed to assess the incidence of @entity740 in @entity1 with @entity1790 submitted to nephrectomy.

title: Nephrectomy as a cause of XXXX in the treatment of @entity1791 : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 develops through a multistage process involving the accumulation of diverse genetic alterations. To gain an understanding of the roles played by @entity5 suppressor gene proteins and @entity4698 ( @entity4698 ) in chemical carcinogen-induced @entity19 lung tumorigenesis, we examined the expression of @entity995 protein (Rb), @entity899 , and @entity4698 in normal lung tissues and @entity4774 -induced @entity19 @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: ICR @entity19 were given @entity4774 by intra-peritoneal injection, and sacrificed at 5, 13, 21, 31, and 37 weeks following treatment. Sequential morphological changes and the immunohistochemical expression of Rb protein, @entity899 , and ( @entity4698 ), during @entity19 lung tumorigenesis, were examined. RESULTS: During the carcinogenesis, sequential histological changes from hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, to @entity652 , and ultimately to overt @entity420 were noted. Intense nuclear staining of the Rb protein was observed in normal and hyperplastic alveolar epithelial cells and @entity652 . In @entity420 , the Rb protein expression was significantly diminished. The @entity899 mutant protein was not detected in any lesion. The @entity4698 labeling index increased along with the advance in the histological grade. CONCLUSION: The above results indicate that @entity19 @entity420 develop through @entity75 , and down-regulation of the Rb protein expression may be implicated in the @entity4774 -induced @entity19 lung tumorigenesis. In addition, the @entity4698 labeling index may reflect the malignant potential during the @entity5 progression.

title: Altered XXXX Protein Expression and Proliferative Activity in @entity4774 Induced @entity19 Lung Tumorigenesis.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity4698 :: ('18538(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'pulmonary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2764 -dependent @entity302 is a rare @entity74 . Untreated @entity1 suffer from a progressive @entity75 with @entity1032 , @entity302 , and progressive neurological signs and symptoms. Lifelong supplementation with @entity2245 is the treatment of choice. However, despite early treatment, many @entity1 develop @entity1032 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of @entity2227 as an excitatory neurotransmitter and neurotoxin in @entity2764 -dependent @entity302 . METHODS: We examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of @entity2227 , @entity1246 , and @entity2707 in a @entity1 with @entity2764 dependency while on and off @entity2245 treatment. RESULTS: Off @entity2245 the @entity2227 level was two hundred times normal. An intermediate dose of @entity2245 (5 mg/kg BW/day) caused normalization of the EEG and remission of the @entity410 , but the CSF @entity2227 concentration was still ten times normal. With a higher dose of @entity2764 (10 mg/kg BW/day) the CSF @entity367 normalized. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that control of @entity302 might not suffice as the therapeutic aim in treating of @entity2764 dependency. In view of the evidence for the role of excitatory @entity1522 in destruction of CNS nerve cells, the optimal treatment must counteract the raised levels of CSF @entity2227 and the dosage of @entity2245 must be adjusted accordingly. The development of @entity1032 might theoretically be prevented by adjusting the dose of @entity2245 to achieve not only remission of @entity302 but also normalization of CSF @entity2227 .

title: @entity2227 in @entity2764 -dependent XXXX : neurotoxic @entity2227 concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid and its normalization by @entity2764 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2764 :: ('MESH:D011736', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyridoxine', 'pyridoxine']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ["pyridoxal-5'-phosphate"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective treatment for @entity157 3.1 to 8.0 cm in diameter. DESIGN: Case series with prospective data collection. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Eighty-six @entity1 with @entity157 treated with radiofrequency ablation from May 1, 2001, to December 31, 2002, were placed into categories of those with @entity5 3 cm or smaller (group 1, n = 51) and those with @entity5 3.1 to 8.0 cm (group 2, n = 35) in diameter. INTERVENTIONS: Radiofrequency ablation was performed with a single or cluster cool-tip electrode. The choice of treatment route was based on @entity5 size and position. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Complication, treatment mortality, and complete ablation rates. RESULTS: Radiofrequency ablation was performed percutaneously in 26 @entity1 in group 1 and 9 @entity1 in group 2, with laparoscopy in 2 @entity1 in group 1 and 1 @entity1 in group 2, and with open operation in 23 @entity1 in group 1 and 25 @entity1 in group 2. The complication rates were 12% and 17% in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P =.48); treatment mortality rates were 0% and 3%, respectively (P =.41). Complete ablation rates after a single session of ablation assessed by means of computed tomography 1 month after treatment were 94% and 91% in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P =.68). CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective treatment for @entity1 with @entity157 3.1 to 8.0 cm in diameter.

title: Effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation for XXXX larger than 3 cm in diameter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']


abstract: Responses of @entity35 chorda tympani fibers to stimulations of the tongue with linearly rising anodal currents of varying rise rates and intensities, cathodal currents and chemical solutions representing the four basic taste qualities were obtained. Single fibers were classified into four types according to their response patterns to anodal and cathodal current stimulations of the tongue. Type A1 fibers responded only to an anodal current with both transient and steady response phases. Type A2 fibers responded only to an anodal current with only a steady response phase. Type B fibers responded to both anodal and cathodal currents. Type C fibers responded only to a cathodal current. Sensitivity to the rate f anodal current rise varied widely among individual chorda tympani fibers. The @entity1219 -sensitive fibers were most sensitive, the @entity5272 -sensitive fibers next, and the @entity969 -sensitive fibers least. Fibers responding to cathodal current were sensitive to @entity4807 . Fibers which showed rhythmic bursts of discharges in response to chemical stimuli also gave a similar discharge pattern in response to electrical stimulation.

title: Responses of XXXX chorda tympani fibers to electrical stimulation of the tongue.

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartaric acid']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4807 :: ('MESH:D011803', 'Chemical') :: ['quinine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To propose standardized consensus definitions for important clinical endpoints in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), investigations in an effort to improve the quality of clinical research and to enable meaningful comparisons between clinical trials. To make these consensus definitions accessible to all stakeholders in TAVI clinical research through a peer reviewed publication, on behalf of the public health. BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation may provide a worthwhile less invasive treatment in many @entity1 with severe @entity472 and since its introduction to the medical community in 2002, there has been an explosive growth in procedures. The integration of TAVI into daily clinical practice should be guided by academic activities, which requires a harmonized and structured process for data collection, interpretation, and reporting during well-conducted clinical trials. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Valve @entity4207 established an independent collaboration between Academic Research organizations and specialty societies (cardiology and cardiac surgery) in the USA and Europe. Two meetings, in San Francisco, California (September 2009) and in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (December 2009), including key physician experts, and representatives from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and device manufacturers, were focused on creating consistent endpoint definitions and consensus recommendations for implementation in TAVI clinical research programs. Important considerations in developing endpoint definitions included: 1) respect for the historical legacy of surgical valve guidelines; 2) identification of pathophysiological mechanisms associated with clinical events; 3) emphasis on clinical relevance. Consensus criteria were developed for the following endpoints: mortality, @entity583 , @entity64 , @entity548 , @entity455 , and prosthetic valve performance. Composite endpoints for TAVI safety and effectiveness were also recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Although consensus criteria will invariably include certain arbitrary features, an organized multidisciplinary process to develop specific definitions for TAVI clinical research should provide consistency across studies that can facilitate the evaluation of this new important catheter-based therapy. The broadly based consensus endpoint definitions described in this document may be useful for regulatory and clinical trial purposes.

title: Standardized endpoint definitions for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation clinical trials: a consensus report from the Valve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury, vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Academic Research Consortium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['Academic Research Consortium']


abstract: We have analyzed 1301 serum determinations of the @entity5 markers @entity2355 and @entity787 in 405 @entity0 @entity1 . @entity2355 exhibited a higher accuracy than @entity787 (sensitivity-specificity diagram). Using cut-off levels of 30 U/ml ( @entity2356 ng/ml ( @entity787 ) we observed a sensitivity of 70.7% versus 61.8% and an approximate specificity of 93.8% versus 83.4%. The sensitivity of the panel of both markers was 80.9%, the specificity 84.5%. The high specificity of both markers caused high positive predictive values. The marker expression was higher in @entity1 with hematogenic @entity3 than with local recurrences (the median for @entity2355 levels was 88.2 U/ml versus 26.6 U/ml; for @entity787 : 10.0 ng/ml versus 2.5 ng/ml). Less expression of both markers in @entity1 younger than 40 years in comparison to @entity1 older than 40 seems to be remarkable. Early detection of relapse - a marker increase over the cut-off level before clinical proof - was observed in 43.8% ( @entity2355 ; median of leadtime 6.1 months) of 73 @entity1 ; @entity787 : 24.7%, 7.2 months. @entity3 was predicted 3-6 times more often than local recurrences. Monitoring of the manifest more or less progressed @entity5 is still the main task of present @entity5 markers. But the results also suggesting the use of these markers for early detection of @entity3 , especially in panels.

title: [Tumor markers in @entity0 : on the diagnostic value of serum determinations in clinical freedom from XXXX and manifest disease].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The aim of this study was to test for gender differences in how negative @entity73 (overgeneralizing, catastrophizing, selective abstraction, and personalizing) mediate the association between adverse life events and adolescents' emotional and behavioural problems (measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). The sample consisted of 202 @entity1 and 227 @entity1 (aged 11-15 years) from three state secondary schools in disadvantaged areas in one county in the South East of England. Control variables were age, ethnicity, special educational needs, exclusion history, family structure, family socio-economic disadvantage, and verbal cognitive ability. Adverse life events were measured with Tiet et al.'s (1998) Adverse Life Events Scale. For both genders, we assumed a pathway from adverse life events to emotional and behavioural problems via @entity73 . We found no gender differences in life adversity, @entity73 , total difficulties, peer problems, or @entity2915 . In both @entity1 and @entity1 , even after adjustment for controls, @entity73 were related to total @entity1109 , and life adversity was related to total difficulties and conduct problems. The life adversity/conduct problems association was not explained by negative @entity73 in either gender. However, we found gender differences in how adversity and @entity73 produced @entity2915 and internalizing problems. In particular, life adversity was not related, after adjustment for controls, to @entity2915 in @entity1 and to peer problems and emotional symptoms in @entity1 . @entity73 mediated the effect of life adversity on @entity2915 in @entity1 and on peer and emotional problems in @entity1 .

title: Gender differences in the pathway from adverse life events to adolescent emotional and behavioural problems via negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive errors fully', 'cognitive errors']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['difficulties and emotional symptoms']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive errors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early onset @entity303 has serious consequences for @entity1 and their family members. Although there has been growing attention for this @entity1 group, health care services are still mainly targeted at the elderly. Specific knowledge of the needs of early onset @entity303 @entity1 and their families is limited but necessary for the development of adequate health care services and specific guidelines. This research project is mainly targeted at delineating the course of early onset @entity303 , the functional characteristics and needs of early onset @entity303 @entity1 and their caregivers, the risk factors for institutionalization and the interaction with the caring environment. METHODS/DESIGN: The NeedYD-study (Needs in Young Onset @entity303 ) is a longitudinal observational study investigating early onset @entity303 @entity1 and their caregivers (n = 217). Assessments are performed every six months over two years and consist of interviews and questionnaires with @entity1 and caregivers. The main outcomes are (1) the needs of @entity1 and caregivers, as measured by the Camberwell Assessment of Needs for the Elderly (CANE) and (2) neuropsychiatric symptoms, as measured by the @entity146 Inventory (NPI). Qualitative analyses will be performed in order to obtain more in-depth information on the experiences of EOD @entity1 and their family members. The results of this study will be compared with comparable data on late onset @entity303 from a historical cohort. DISCUSSION: The study protocol of the NeedYD-study is presented here. To our knowledge, this study is the first prospective cohort study in this research area. Although some limitations exist, these do not outweigh the strong points of this study design.

title: Research protocol of the NeedYD-study (Needs in Young onset @entity303 ): a prospective cohort study on the needs and course of early onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['NeuroPsychiatric']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Several developing countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo have adopted @entity645 NET 012, i.e. a single dose of @entity5198 to mother (200 mg at labour onset) and baby (2 mg/kg within 72 h of birth), because of the accessible cost of @entity5198 and its supposedly easy use in MTCTP programs [2]. The protocol can nonetheless prove complex to apply in rural regions of Africa and must be evaluated. This article aims to present the difficulties encountered in implementation of this protocol at the Oicha General Reference Hospital, in the northeastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The study took place time from December 2002 through December 2004. During the study period, 94 @entity1 were identified as @entity645 positive at the prenatal clinic of Oicha Hospital. Of the 94 @entity645 positive @entity1 : 59 (62.8%) received antiretroviral prophylaxis and 35 (37.2%) did not receive @entity5198 despite their identification at the prenatal clinic. Among these 35 @entity1 , 26 (27.7%) of the expected @entity1 arrived fully dilated and thus went directly to the delivery room. Nine (9.5%) of the expected @entity1 who delivered at the Oicha maternity were not administered the product by the midwives. For administration of @entity5198 to the mother: 33 pregnant @entity1 out of 59 (55.9%) received @entity5198 within the time recommended - within two hours of the onset of contractions. Twenty four of 59 @entity1 (40.7%) did not receive the @entity5198 within the time recommended, but within an average delay of 11.00 hours. For 2 of 59 @entity1 (3.4%), the hour of administration of the @entity5198 was not specified. For administration of @entity5198 to the @entity1 : 48 of 101 @entity1 (47.5%) received @entity5198 within the recommended period, i.e. in the 24-72 hours after birth. 52 of 101 @entity1 (51.5%) received the @entity5198 in an average of 2.9 hours of birth. This is the proportion of the @entity1 whose mothers arrived at the maternity ward ready for delivery. Only 1 @entity1 (1%) received the @entity5198 later than the recommended period, 13.9 hours later. Applying as simple a protocol as the @entity645 prophylaxis program with @entity5198 in African rural areas encounters difficulties.

title: [Feasibility of XXXX prophylaxis with @entity5198 in a northeastern rural area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perinatal @entity1763 and aerodigestive symptoms are troublesome. We tested the hypothesis that pharyngeal provocation alters proximal and distal aerodigestive reflex coordination and kinetics in @entity1 with @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ), compared with healthy controls. Specifically, we characterized the sensory-motor properties of pharyngeal provocation induced effects on upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) reflexes. METHODS: Ten orally-fed controls (32.0    1.5 weeks gestation) and 25 @entity1 with @entity2806 (38.1    0.4 weeks gestation), were evaluated at 39.7    0.9 weeks and 41.9    0.6 weeks postmenstrual age respectively. Pharyngo-esophageal reflexes evoked upon graded water stimuli were tested using water-perfusion micromanometry methods. Analysis included sensory-motor characteristics of @entity20674 ( @entity20674 ), pharyngo-UES- contractile reflex (PUCR), esophageal body-waveform kinetics, and pharyngo-LES-relaxation reflex (PLESRR). RESULTS: For controls vs. @entity1 with @entity2806 , median APGAR scores were 6 vs. 1 at 1 min (P< 0.001), and 8 vs. 3 at 5 min (P< 0.001). Upon pharyngeal- stimulation, @entity2806 @entity1 (vs. controls) had frequent PUCR (P= 0.01); increased UES basal tone (P= 0.03); decreased LES basal tone (P=0.002); increased pharyngeal-waveforms per stimulus (P=0.03); decreased frequency of LES relaxation (P=0.003); and decreased proximal esophageal contractile amplitude (P=0.002), with prolonged proximal esophageal contractile duration (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Increased tonicity and reactivity of the UES and dysregulation of LES may provide the pathophysiological basis for pooling of secretions, improper bolus clearance, and aspiration-risk. Deficits in function at the nuclear or supranuclear level involving @entity1274 and respiratory regulatory pathways involved with aerodigestive protection may be contributory.

title: Effects of Birth XXXX on the Modulation of Pharyngeal Provocation Induced Adaptive Reflexes.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity20674 :: ('MESH:D005683', 'Disease') :: ['PRS', 'pharyngeal reflexive swallow']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['glossopharyngeal and vagal neural networks']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['Asphyxia']


abstract: @entity158 intensity in @entity102 varies with the stage in the clinical-etiologic-anatomic-pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification but also with @entity1 perception, @entity158 being by definition subjective. The @entity101 responsible for the varicose veins and trophic changes in CVD has a variety of algogenic repercussions in which leukocytes play a particular role, notably through their ability to roll along the vessel wall. Shear stress, @entity519 and @entity3179 activate the marginated leukocytes to shed @entity1196 from their surface and express integrins, @entity1495 , elastase, lactoferrin and free radicals. Meanwhile the endothelium expresses adhesion molecules that permit slow rolling on @entity4105 followed by adhesion and tissue transmigration. Vein wall and valve areas in particular attract mast cells, monocyte-macrophages and T lymphocytes, and undergo remodeling. Sympathetic sensory C and Adelta fibers, which wrap around cutaneous venules and are also present in the venous intima and media, are nociceptors sensitive to the @entity158 mediators concentrated within leukocytes, such as mast cell @entity13474 , responsible for @entity3825 . @entity528 combined with wall remodeling intensifies symptoms. Yet no direct link has so far been shown between @entity158 and mast cell mediator levels. Leukocyte adhesion is also associated with the increased capillary permeability that leads to @entity4 . Antileukocyte therapies include postural rest and venotonics which alone or in combination with compression have been shown to unstick and inhibit leukocytes. The micronized purified @entity3096 fraction (MPFF) protects vascular endothelium against @entity519 and reduces adhesion molecule expression. Unlike other antileukocyte therapies, venotonics do not cause @entity1398 .

title: Leukocyte involvement in the signs and symptoms of XXXX . Perspectives for therapy.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal inflammation']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic venous disease']


abstract: When treating advanced and metastatic @entity0 @entity1 with chemotherapy, it is mandatory to maintain the @entity1 quality of life while keeping an acceptable level of antitumor activity. For these purposes, oral administration of @entity11730 , fluorinated @entity7391 , is a good choice of treatment. Conventionally, a 4-week administration followed by a 2-week rest has been the treatment of choice with @entity11730 . However, we applied a new regimen for 16 @entity1 with advanced and metastatic @entity0 , in which one course consisted of a 2 week-administration followed by a week of rest, repeated twice. The median age of the @entity1 who received this treatment was 59 years old(range 46. 8-80. 6). The response rate was 31. 2%, and the median values of time to progression and overall survival were 5. 1 and 17. 9 months, respectively. One case of @entity882 as an adverse event was recognized. Our new @entity11730 regimen is likely to show an acceptable anti- @entity5 effect with minimal adverse events. The fidings suggest that this new regimen is clinically applicable for advanced and metastatic @entity0 @entity1 .

title: [Chemotherapy of a 2-week @entity11730 administration followed by 1-week rest for advanced and metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unsuccessful surgical treatment of @entity2737 ( @entity2737 ) and @entity1764 may lead to sepsis, @entity177 and @entity204 . Omental flap transposition (OFT) may, in this situation, be the only effective therapy. METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity2737 and @entity1764 after one or more unsuccessful surgical attempts to cure the @entity281 were treated by OFT. Forty-one interventions (1.5/ @entity1 ) consisting of closed irrigation technique, bilateral pectoralis flap reconstruction and vacuum-assisted therapy were performed before carrying out OFT. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 0. Mean postoperative ventilation time was 1.38 days and mean time in the intensive care unit was 4.7 days. Hospital mortality was 7.4 % (n = 2). Mean follow-up time was 2 years. One @entity1 (4 %) died one year after discharge. During follow-up, @entity4036 occurred in one @entity1 (4 %) and presternal fistula resection was necessary in another @entity1 (4 %). CONCLUSION: OFT is, in our experience, the most effective procedure for the treatment of recurrent @entity2737 and @entity1764 after cardiac surgery. Early mortality is acceptable, morbidity is low and late results are very good.

title: Omental flap for recurrent XXXX and @entity1764 after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall hernia']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['DSWI', 'deep sternal wound infection']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['deep sternal wound infection']


abstract: Transient @entity1168 may be intrinsic because of sinus node or atrioventricular (AV) conduction abnormalities, or extrinsic because of abnormal vagal reflex. Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 , referred to us for study of unexplained @entity1163 , who, during electrocardiographic monitoring, had a documented episode of intermittent @entity1168 that caused @entity1163 , underwent a full electrophysiologic study, carotid sinus massage, and the head-up tilt test. A prolonged @entity1167 (5 to 20 seconds) was documented during @entity1163 in all @entity1 : sinus arrest in 13, @entity713 plus @entity713 in 3, and @entity1167 pause during @entity955 in 2. Abnormal electrophysiologic findings suggested the correct diagnosis in 6 @entity1 (24%): block within the bundle of His in 5 and @entity1817 in 1. An abnormal response to carotid sinus massage or to the head-up tilt test suggested a neurally mediated mechanism in 17 @entity1 (68%). Overall, electrophysiologic study and vasovagal maneuvers were able to identify the mechanism of spontaneous @entity1163 in 23 @entity1 (92%). Thus, in @entity1 affected by @entity1163 due to transient @entity1168 , the most likely mechanism of @entity1163 is neurogenic, whereas it is cardiogenic only in a few instances. Electrophysiologic testing, carotid sinus massage, and the head-up tilt test can identify most of these @entity1 . Conversely, when all these tests are negative, it is unlikely that transient @entity1168 is the cause of @entity1163 . Because of the different mechanisms involved, electrophysiologic study and vasovagal maneuvers are complementary diagnostic tools.

title: Mechanisms of XXXX caused by transient @entity1168 and the diagnostic value of electrophysiologic testing and cardiovascular reflexivity maneuvers.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'AV block in 7, sinus arrest']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['asystolic', 'ventricular asystole']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to present the complications which occurred in knee replacement with the GUEPAR prosthesis, after @entity3478 resection. We tried to point out complications in relation to prosthetic design and surgical technique. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between 1972 and 1993, 90 @entity1 had a knee resection, for 80 malignant and 10 @entity5 . There were 51 males and 49 females, aged 12 to 75 years (mean age 35). Fifty-six distal femur resections and 34 proximal tibial resections were performed. Length of resection averaged 16 cm (9 to 30). The reconstruction was always achieved with a cemented, custom-made GUEPAR prosthesis. Including revisions, there was a total of 102 prostheses in 90 @entity1 . A patellar resurfacing was performed in 64 cases. An allograft reconstruction was associated in 39 knees. In all tibial resections and in two extra-articular femoral resections, the extensor mechanism had to be reconstructed. Several reconstruction techniques were associated, in which 19 medial gastrocnemius transfers. The prosthesis design was slightly modified with time. Ten @entity1 received radiotherapy, and 55 had chemotherapy. RESULTS: Results and complications were retrospectively assessed, with an average follow-up of 4.3 years (1 to 22). Six @entity1 were lost for follow-up, 62 @entity1 were alive, with no evolutive disease, 13 had an evolutive disease and 10 were deceased from disease. Nineteen @entity1 had distant @entity3 and 17 had local recurrences. Apart from intraoperative complications, late mechanical complications included: 13 @entity1349 , 2 femoral shaft @entity174 , 18 @entity1159 , 5 femoral stem @entity174 and, 18 intra-articular instabilities related to wear of the hinge- @entity2270 . In the 39 allograft-composite prostheses, only 15 had a favorable evolution. There were 15 extensor mechanism failures and 13 knees had persistent @entity281 . There was a total of 94 reoperations in the 90 @entity1 . In 28 cases, the initially implanted prosthesis was removed. There were also 18 revisions, 7 amputations and 3 arthrodeses. Survivorship analysis showed a 60 per cent probability for the initial prosthesis not to be revised at 10 year-follow-up, apart from oncologic complications. DISCUSSION: Results with allograft-composite reconstruction were not better than with massive prosthesis. When needed, soft tissue coverage and patellar @entity924 would better be performed with gastrocnemius plasty. @entity691 and @entity11555 bushes were not solution for hinge @entity2270 wear.

title: [Complications from the hinged GUEPAR prosthesis after resection of knee XXXX . 102 cases].

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon augmentation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['knee contractures']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes of the rate of disorders of @entity460 and @entity3151 metabolism and their control in @entity1 on hemodialysis (HD) in Lithuania in 1996-2003. Every December during this period we visited all HD centers of Lithuania and collected data on @entity460 - @entity3151 metabolism in HD @entity1 . 51.8% of HD @entity1 in 1999 and 44.6% in 2003 had @entity2265 (>1.8 mmol/l) (p<0.05). The mean @entity1391 concentration was 1.82+/-0.56 mmol/l in 2003 (p<0.05, comparing with 1.95+/-0.72 mmol/l in 1999 and 1.9+/-0.72 mmol/l in 2001). 7.1% of HD @entity1 had @entity3747 in 2003 and 7.8% @entity2741 . Serum parathyroid hormone level was investigated only in 27.3% of HD @entity1 in 1999 and 84.8% in 2003 (p<0.05). Use of @entity15199 significantly decreased from 77.5% in 1998 to 29.4% in 2003, when the evaluation of serum parathyroid hormone increased (r=-0.911, p=0.03). Serum parathyroid hormone level was not analyzed for 59.8% of @entity1 who used @entity15199 and 59.4% of them had @entity2265 in 1999 (6.3% and 32.9% in 2003, respectively; p<0.05). 10.7% of these @entity1 had @entity2741 in 2003. In summary, the correction of disorders of @entity460 and @entity3151 metabolism in HD @entity1 was insufficient but ameliorative. Monitoring of serum parathyroid hormone increased significantly during 1997-2003. The percentage of the precarious use of @entity15199 decreased significantly when the evaluation of serum @entity6685 level became regular.

title: [Changes of control of disorders of @entity460 and XXXX metabolism in Lithuanian hemodialysis centers 1996-2003].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity6685 :: ('MESH:D010281', 'Chemical') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity15199 :: ('MESH:C008088', 'Chemical') :: ['alfacalcidol']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain @entity1 with locally advanced @entity320 have a high risk of regional recurrence after surgical excision and lymphadenectomy alone. Growing evidence suggests that radiation therapy may improve local control with acceptable morbidity for @entity1 with @entity320 in some sites. There is no information regarding the safety or efficacy of this treatment when applied to the axilla for regional metastasis of cutaneous @entity320 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of @entity1 who received postoperative radiation therapy to the axillary lymphatics for @entity320 at the M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center between 1980 and 1992. Twenty-eight @entity1 were identified who had undergone a formal axillary lymph node dissection followed by postoperative irradiation to the full axilla and supraclavicular fossa. Twenty-two @entity1 were irradiated using a hypofractionated treatment regimen (4-7 Gy/fraction), generally to 30 Gy in five fractions. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 are currently alive. Actuarial survival at 5 years is 50.1%. Local @entity5 recurred or persisted in five @entity1 , four of whom had clinically palpable @entity5 when they were irradiated. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative irradiation of the axilla for @entity320 has acceptable @entity137 , even in those with extensive axillary dissection. In this group, @entity1 treated for subclinical disease had a low rate of recurrence (1 of 21, [5%]).

title: Adjuvant radiation therapy after axillary lymphadenectomy for XXXX : @entity137 and local control.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Few studies have investigated the effectiveness of early @entity282 control regimens after volar plating for @entity174 . This study evaluated postoperative levels of @entity158 after volar plating of @entity174 under @entity616 in @entity1 with and without injections of local anesthetics, narcotics, and @entity1425 around the @entity174 site. METHODS: @entity158 levels were prospectively assessed in 44 consecutive @entity1 who had had volar plating for a @entity174 under @entity616 at a mean time of 2.8 days after @entity130 . Intravenous, @entity1 -controlled analgesia and prescheduled analgesic medications were administered to all @entity1 . In addition, @entity1 were randomly allocated to 2 groups: perifracture site injection (PI; n = 22) and no perifracture site injection (no-PI; n = 22). At the end of surgery, PI group @entity1 were administered perifracture site injections and blocks of the superficial radial and interosseous nerves with a local anesthetic mixture consisting of @entity1342 , @entity1286 , and @entity1425 . During the first 48 hours after surgery, @entity158 visual analog scale (VAS) scores (0 to 100), total amount of narcotic consumption, incidences of additional narcotic requirement, and opioid-related side effects were assessed. RESULTS: The overall mean @entity158 VAS scores among all 44 study subjects were 29 before surgery, and 58, 47, 40, and 27 at 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after surgery, respectively. Thirteen @entity1 needed additional @entity158 rescue despite the multimodal analgesic approach used. No intergroup differences were observed between the PI and no-PI groups in terms of VAS @entity158 scores, total narcotic consumption, adjuvant @entity158 rescue incidence, and opioid-related side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative mean @entity158 VAS scores after volar plating of @entity174 were found to be 58 at 4 hours and 47 at 8 hours. Perifracture site injections were not found to provide any additional @entity158 control benefit. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic II.

title: Evaluation of early @entity282 and the effectiveness of perifracture site injections following volar plating for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fracture', 'distal radius fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Perioperative pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['axillary nerve block']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wrist flexion contracture is a common pathology which presents secondary to distal radius @entity174 . Joint stability, restoration and early mobilization are frequently achieved through surgical treatment after such an injury. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the initial effect of dynamic splinting on wrist extension (active range of motion), in both surgical and non-surgical @entity1 following distal radius @entity174 . METHODS: Records were obtained from 133 @entity1 who were treated with a Wrist Extension Dynasplint (WED) following distal radius @entity174 , between May 2007 and May 2009. Forty-two of these @entity1 received surgical treatment for their @entity174 . This study specifically examined the initial usage of the WED as a home therapy. The retrospective analysis included categorization of @entity1 who received the WED exclusively vs. @entity1 who received WED treatment with concurrent hand therapy; surgical categorization included surgical @entity1 vs. nonsurgical @entity1 . RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in maximal active range of motion (AROM) for all @entity1 (P < 0.0001) after a mean duration of 3.9 weeks of dynamic splinting. @entity1 showed a mean 62% increase in active extension. There was not a significant difference between @entity1 who had received surgical treatment for the @entity174 vs. nonsurgical. CONCLUSION: This dynamic splinting modality contributed 138 to 185 hours of stretching at the end range of motion for these @entity1 in their first month following @entity174 . This unique regime is considered directly responsible for significant gains in AROM.

title: Dynamic splinting in wrist extension following distal radius XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemoresistance is the principal reason for poor survival and disease recurrence in @entity421 @entity1 . @entity18828 dehydrogenase type II ( @entity21940 ) encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo @entity6370 biosynthesis and has been linked to cell growth, differentiation, and malignant transformation. In a previous study we identified @entity21940 as an independent prognostic factor and observed frequent @entity21940 overexpression in @entity421 @entity1 with poor response to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to provide evidence for direct involvement of @entity21940 in the development of chemoresistance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Stable cell lines overexpressing @entity21940 and @entity21940 knock-down cells were generated using the @entity421 cell line Saos-2 as parental cell line. Chemosensitivity, proliferation, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by flow cytometry, WST-1-assay, and western blot analysis. Overexpression of @entity21940 in Saos-2 cells induced strong chemoresistance against @entity900 and @entity1499 . The observed chemoresistance was mediated at least in part by increased expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins @entity588 , @entity2423 , and @entity9846 , reduced activation of @entity8187 , and, consequently, reduced cleavage of the caspase substrate @entity9190 . Pharmacological inhibition of IMPDH induced a moderate reduction of cell viability and a strong decrease of cell proliferation, but no increase in chemosensitivity. However, chemoresistant @entity21940 -overexpressing cells could be resensitized by RNA interference-mediated downregulation of @entity21940 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity21940 is directly involved in the development of chemoresistance in @entity421 cells, suggesting that targeting of @entity21940 by RNAi or more effective pharmacological inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy might be a promising means of overcoming chemoresistance in @entity421 with high @entity21940 expression.

title: Overexpression of XXXX dehydrogenase type II mediates chemoresistance to @entity1 @entity421 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity18828 :: ('CHEBI:17202', 'Chemical') :: ["Inosine 5'-monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity18828 :: (CHEBI:17202,Chemical) :: ['inosine 5'-monophosphate']


abstract: We assessed the clonality of @entity33 cells in @entity1 with @entity1593 and controls. Fifteen adult @entity1 were studied. Four @entity1 had a complicated @entity1593 , 3 did not respond to a gluten-free diet, and 2 had an @entity1066 (including 1 @entity1 with nonresponsive @entity1593 ). Seven @entity1 had an untreated @entity1593 responsive to a gluten-free diet. Histological examination of duodenal biopsies of these 11 @entity1 showed benign-appearing @entity1593 without evidence of @entity706 . Four @entity1 with @entity2210 and normal duodenal biopsies served as controls. TCRgamma gene rearrangements were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracted from duodenal biopsies. Major clonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor were found in 4 cases, all with complicated @entity1593 . Monoclonality was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the junctional region in 3 cases and by hybridization with clone-specific oligoprobes. @entity1 with @entity1593 responsive to gluten-free diet had mainly a polyclonal pattern, with 1 of them having an oligoclonal rearrangement. An oligoclonal pattern was also observed in 2 control @entity1 . Three @entity1 with complicated @entity1593 evolved to @entity784 with liver (n = 2) or bone marrow (n = 1) invasion. Identical clones were found in the enteropathic duodenojejunum and peripheral blood in the @entity1 with @entity706 with @entity236 . This study suggests that complicated @entity1593 is a cryptic @entity784 .

title: Are complicated forms of XXXX cryptic @entity784 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'large-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative jejunitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal mucosal T']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['nonulcer dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow invasion']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that stimulation of the oxidative metabolism in @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ) by in vitro phagocytosis of various microorganisms results in photon emission, termed chemiluminescence (CL). Studies were conducted to determine whether @entity2348 induce enhanced basal endogenous host peripheral @entity6415 CL in the absence of in vitro phagocytic stimulation. Nonimmune @entity35 and @entity840 as well as immune @entity35 were inoculated with various doses (10(5) to 10(7)) of live vaccine strain @entity5092 (per 100 g of body weight). In addition, nonimmune @entity840 were inoculated with 40,000 plaque-forming units of @entity8815 . Luminol-assisted endogenous @entity6415 CL was measured at various time intervals after inoculation of microorganisms. Enhanced endogenous @entity6415 CL was detected as early as the appearance of @entity221 (12 h) in nonimmune animals infected with @entity5092 . Addition of @entity4627 , @entity8816 , @entity224 dismutase, or catalase to the CL reaction mixture containing @entity6415 from infected animals significantly decreased the CL response. Immune @entity35 challenged with @entity5092 exhibited resistance to infection and a decreased @entity6415 CL compared with nonimmune @entity35 24 and 48 h after inoculation. However, the CL response from immune @entity35 was significantly elevated, compared with control values. In contrast to the results obtained with the model @entity2348 , @entity6415 isolated from @entity840 inoculated with @entity8815 failed to exhibit enhanced CL, compared with controls, despite significant @entity646 and @entity221 . Results suggest that enhanced endogenous CL during @entity2348 occurs through mechanisms involving increased @entity6415 oxidative metabolism and the subsequent generation of microbicidal forms of @entity26 . Further, measurement of endogenous @entity6415 CL may have diagnostic and prognostic value in @entity166 .

title: Differential alterations in host peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence during the course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphonuclear leukocytes', 'PMN']

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium azide']

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis', 'F. tularensis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection', 'bacterial and viral infections']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity8815 :: ('11630', 'Species') :: ['Pichinde virus']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial and viral infections']


abstract: @entity4165 refers to skin induration of the lower extremities characterized by tortuous, hyperpermeable vessels preceding venous leg @entity1066 . Protein ligands and receptor @entity669 kinases that specifically regulate endothelial cell function are mainly involved in physiological as well as in disease-related angiogenesis. These ligand/receptor systems include the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and the angiopoietin (Ang) families and their receptor the @entity669 kinase with immunoglobulin-like domains ( @entity878 ) as well as the @entity7 receptor family ( @entity6758 and @entity319 ). In the present study, the contribution of these endothelium-specific ligand/receptor systems in tissue samples of @entity4165 was evaluated. Our results provide evidence, that the mRNA-transcripts of @entity7 (p<0.01), @entity3658 (p<0.1), @entity877 (p<0.1) and @entity6758 (p<0.01) were significantly upregulated in all samples of @entity4165 in comparison with healthy skin by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. On protein level @entity7 (p<0.01), @entity3658 (p<0.1), @entity877 (p<0.1) and @entity6758 (p<0.01) were significantly elevated as well. Solely for @entity878 and for @entity319 no statistical difference could be detected on mRNA and protein level in @entity1 with @entity4165 in comparison with healthy skin. By immunohistochemistry we confirmed upregulated protein expression for @entity7 , @entity3658 , @entity877 and @entity6758 compared with healthy skin. Our findings strongly suggest that an imbalance between these ligand/receptor systems might contribute to the pathophysiology of advanced stages of chronic @entity4096 . Inhibition of angiogenesis could significantly impact the tissue breakdown in @entity4165 and could hereby enable the formation of venous leg @entity1066 .

title: Inhibition of angiogenesis in XXXX : implication for venous @entity1066 formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity4165 :: ('MESH:C537026', 'Disease') :: ['lipodermatosclerosis', 'Lipodermatosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity4165 :: (MESH:C537026,Disease) :: ['lipodermatosclerosis']


abstract: Fifty-seven episodes of @entity956 in 46 consecutive medically treated @entity1 (aged 60 +/- 17 years) were treated by rapid atrial pacing. Thirty-three @entity1 (72%) had structural @entity299 . Most pacing trials were conducted in @entity1 receiving digoxin (88%) and antiarrhythmic drugs (77%). In 51 of 57 trials (89%), @entity1 were successfully converted to normal sinus rhythm. Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity1 who had @entity712 and who were older were more likely to be refractory to pacing. Left atrial size did not influence outcome. Confirmation of local atrial capture with a bipolar atrial electrogram and use of multiple atrial pacing sites enhanced the success rate. Eight @entity1 (17%) demonstrated sinus node suppression after atrial pacing; @entity1817 was previously unsuspected in 4 of these @entity1 . These @entity1168 were easily managed because a pacing catheter was already in place. The only significant complication was femoral vein @entity715 in 1 @entity1 . It is concluded that atrial pacing is an effective, safe and convenient method for the elective conversion of @entity956 in the general population of medically treated @entity1 . This technique is an attractive alternative to transthoracic cardioversion, and may be preferable in many @entity1 .

title: Atrial pacing for conversion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus node disease']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: Significant transplant @entity2791 (TRAS) results in an intraarterial pressure gradient and increasing graft dysfunction correctable by endovascular therapy. Kinks of the transplant artery cause velocity gradients on Doppler ultrasound, but some will have no intraarterial pressure gradient across the kink. It is not known whether these nonflow limiting kinks progress further to threaten graft function and should undergo endovascular correction. This is a longitudinal study of conservatively managed arterial kinks to define their natural history. Fourteen @entity1 who had undergone angiography over a 5-year period for suspected TRAS had kinks of the renal artery. True intraarterial pressures were measured in all cases by slow withdrawal of an end-hole catheter after intraarterial injection of a vasodilator. Those with a significant pressure change (> or =10% change in peak systolic pressure across the area of suspicion) underwent endovascular treatment. The rest were managed conservatively, with maximal antihypertensive therapy. Outcome of all 14 cases was determined by follow-up of @entity1011 levels, blood pressure (BP) control and graft outcome over a 3-5-year period (median 4 years). Of the 14 @entity1 with kinks, 10 were male and 4 female; age range 23-67 years (mean 47 years). Eleven had received cadaveric transplants and 3 were allografts; 12 had end-to-side and 2 end-to-end @entity254 , 11/14 cases had an intraarterial pressure ratio of <10% and at median 4 years follow-up on conservative treatment, the serum @entity1011 of these 11 @entity1 did not differ significantly from those who underwent successful endovascular treatment (mean 118 micromol/l versus 149 micromol/l; p = 0.30, Mann Whitney test). Mean blood pressure was 137/82 mmHg, with a range of 124-155/56-95 mmHg. Only one @entity1 has required an unexplainable increase in antihypertensive medication. Grafts (2/11) were lost and both had chronic rejection on histology. There were no unexplained graft failures. @entity8 with normal intraarterial pressures do not appear to progress and threaten renal graft function. Satisfactory graft outcome was seen on 5-year follow-up with conservative therapy alone.

title: XXXX without accompanying intraarterial pressure gradient do not require correction: five-year outcome study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kinks of the renal transplant artery']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kinks of the transplant renal artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery for @entity1689 is indicated for intractable @entity158 or the treatment of complications. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the applicability of @entity158 coping and quality-of-life (QOL) scoring in @entity1 with @entity1689 . METHODS: Between 1995 and 2008, 155 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity1689 in two Dutch university hospitals. Medical charts were reviewed, and QOL and coping with @entity158 were assessed by two validated questionnaires. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 5.6 years. The aetiology was @entity167 related in 48.3 per cent. Some 111 resections and 46 drainage procedures were performed. Fifty-seven @entity1 had major complications and the hospital mortality rate was 1.3 per cent. After surgery the number of @entity1 needing analgesics was reduced (P < 0.001). @entity167 consumption significantly reduced @entity158 coping mechanisms (P = 0.032). Overall, QOL remained poor after surgery. Scores on three dimensions of the QOL questionnaire were significantly better after drainage than after resection procedures. CONCLUSION: In general, QOL after surgery for @entity1689 remains poor, owing to pre-existing lifestyle and co-morbidity. @entity1 selected for a pancreatic duct drainage procedure have a better postoperative QOL than those undergoing resectional procedures. @entity167 consumption is associated with poor ability to cope with @entity158 after surgery and should be discouraged.

title: Long-term quality of life after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent publications have recommended parathyroidectomy guided solely by preoperative imaging. However, when the @entity3243 is located deep in the mediastinum, the surgeon often encounters difficulties to localize and completely remove all hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissues. Thus, we hypothesized that @entity1 with mediastinal @entity652 differ substantially from cervical cases and require a specific strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative serum parathyroid hormone monitoring (ioPTH) used to guide completeness of targeted mediastinal parathyroidectomy. METHODS: In a 10-year period, 33 @entity1 underwent targeted mediastinal parathyroidectomy with ioPTH for primary @entity2742 . A greater than 50% drop in ioPTH was considered confirming successful resection. If ioPTH failed to decline adequately, the operation was extended to complete cervical exploration. We analyzed the impact of ioPTH on the final surgical outcome. RESULTS: In 26 @entity1 the @entity652 was correctly identified and removed at targeted mediastinal parathyroidectomy. In 7 @entity1 lack of adequate ioPTH drop after targeted mediastinal parathyroidectomy triggered continued exploration, providing success at complete cervical exploration in 6 @entity1 . In 1 @entity1 this strategy failed owing to an undiagnosed lesion in the posterior mediastinum. Use of ioPTH decreased the failure rate from a potential 21.2% without ioPTH to 3% in the actual series. CONCLUSIONS: Mediastinal @entity3243 represents a distinct subset of @entity459 and requires a specific diagnostic and therapeutic approach. In these cases ioPTH monitoring is a reliable and effective method to confirm curative resection. It is an important adjunct predictor of postoperative successful outcome, which allows a low failure rate and avoids unnecessary reoperations.

title: Surgical treatment of mediastinal XXXX : rationale for intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring.

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenoma']


abstract: @entity460 -channel blockers are useful for the treatment of @entity1121 (HCM), but, their adverse effects, especially, those of @entity3988 , have not been of much concern. Forty @entity1 with HCM were treated with @entity460 -channel blockers such as @entity594 , @entity3988 , and @entity1855 . @entity955 was induced by @entity3988 in two @entity1 and @entity1855 induced @entity1163 in one @entity1 . The clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of the @entity1 were as follows. All of them had the obstructive type of HCM (HOCM). One of them had a high pressure gradient of the left ventricular outflow tract and the others had earlier onset. In these @entity1 , the left atrial overload seemed to be severe. The vasodilating action of @entity460 -channel blockers decreases the systemic pressure and in turn, may increase the pressure gradient and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure causes the left atrial overload which could be at risk of @entity955 in @entity1 with HCM. Therefore, @entity460 -channel blockers should be used carefully in peculiar cases of HOCM.

title: Adverse effects of XXXX and @entity1163 induced by @entity460 -channel blockers in @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1163 in @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is a frequent but poorly studied problem. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 with @entity299 and recurrent @entity1163 were followed for 2 to 127 months. They were classified into the following groups: G-I (n = 15) without inducible @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and normal HV interval; G-II (n = 17) with only inducible @entity1165 ; G-III (n = 11) with only an abnormal HV interval; and G-IV (n = 10) with both an inducible @entity1165 and an abnormal HV interval. Empiric pharmacologic therapy was given in G-I; pharmacologic therapy guided by electrophysiologic study in G-II; atrioventricular pacing in G-III; and empiric pharmacologic with atrioventricular pacing in G-IV. Age and sex were similar among groups; New York Heart Association Functional Class I symptoms were more prevalent (P = 0.0001) in G-I. The ejection fraction by echocardiography was higher in G-I (P = 0.0122). The density of premature ventricular complexes by Holter monitoring was similar among groups. The complexity of premature ventricular complexes by Holter was significantly higher in G-II (P = 0.0270); this variable, analyzed from the exercise electrocardiogram, was not different among groups. All @entity204 were sudden, prevalence was higher in G-II and absent in G-III, and recurrence of @entity1163 was similar among groups. CONCLUSION: The most probable causes of recurrent @entity1163 were @entity1165 (43%) with poor prognosis, and paroxysmal @entity713 (21%) with a favorable prognosis. Absence of @entity712 , complexity of premature ventricular complexes by Holter, and absence of intraventricular @entity616 showed statistical correlation with normal electrophysiologic study, inducible @entity1165 , and normal HV interval, respectively.

title: Clinical and electrophysiologic features of @entity1163 in chronic chagasic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Chagasic heart disease', 'CCHD']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: The objectives were to evaluate the effects of elevated pre- and postpartum nonesterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ) and @entity4322 ( @entity19412 ) concentrations during the transition period on reproductive performance and milk production in dairy @entity291 . In a prospective cohort study of 91 freestall, total mixed ration-fed herds in the northeastern United States, blood samples were collected from approximately 15 prepartum and 15 different postpartum transition animals in each herd. All samples were stratified based on pre- or postpartum status at the time of sample collection, and 2,259 and 2,290 animals were used to evaluate reproductive and milk production performance, respectively. Reproductive performance was assessed by time to conception within 70 d post-voluntary waiting period (VWP) and milk production was assessed using mature-equivalent 305-d (ME305) milk yield estimated at 120 d in milk. While controlling for body condition score (BCS), calving season, median ME305 milk production, and parity, @entity3691 and @entity19412 concentrations were evaluated with time to event analysis to investigate reproductive performance. These same predictor variables were used to determine the effects of elevated @entity3691 and @entity19412 concentrations on ME305 milk yield with herd as a random effect. Heifers and @entity291 were grouped in the final analyses if the results between groups were similar. In all animals sampled prepartum, the risk of pregnancy within 70 d post-VWP was reduced by 19% when @entity3691 concentrations were >or=0.27 mEq/L. In all animals sampled postpartum, those with @entity3691 concentrations >or=0.72 mEq/L had a 16% decrease in risk of pregnancy and those with @entity19412 concentrations >or=10mg/dL had a 13% decrease in risk. In @entity291 and heifers, ME305 milk yield was decreased by 683 kg when prepartum @entity3691 concentrations were >or=0.33 mEq/L. In heifers sampled postpartum, ME305 milk yield was increased by 488 kg when @entity3691 concentrations were >or=0.57 mEq/L and increased by 403 kg when @entity19412 concentrations were >or=9 mg/dL. In @entity291 sampled postpartum, ME305 milk yield was decreased by 647 kg when @entity3691 concentrations were >or=0.72 mEq/L and decreased by 393 kg when @entity19412 concentrations were >or=10mg/dL. With the exception of milk production in heifers, this study indicates that increased concentrations of serum @entity3691 and @entity19412 had a detrimental effect on reproductive performance and milk production.

title: Associations of elevated nonesterified @entity1718 and XXXX concentrations with early lactation reproductive performance and milk production in transition dairy @entity291 in the northeastern United States.

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity4322 :: (MESH:D020155,Chemical) :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity12353 in tissues controlling energy homeostasis are altered in @entity28 , thus contributing to @entity209 . Here we evaluate @entity10204 in the small intestine of @entity19 with diet-induced @entity28 (DIO) and in peripheral tissues of Zucker and lean @entity35 following food deprivation and re-feeding. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Intestinal transit, evaluated using @entity21237 -labelled dextran, and small intestinal endocannabinoid levels, measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, were measured in @entity19 fed normal or @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). Endocannabinoid levels were measured also in various tissues of lean and Zucker @entity35 fed ad libitum or following overnight food deprivation with and without subsequent re-feeding. KEY RESULTS: After 8 weeks of HFD, baseline intestinal transit was increased in DIO @entity19 and enhanced by cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonism less efficaciously than in lean @entity19 . Small intestinal @entity9393 and @entity9394 levels were reduced and increased respectively. In Zucker @entity35 , endocannabinoids levels were higher in the pancreas, liver and duodenum, and lower in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Food deprivation increased endocannabinoid levels in the duodenum and liver of both @entity35 strains, in the pancreas of lean @entity35 and in adipose tissues of Zucker @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Reduced @entity9393 levels might account for increased intestinal motility in DIO @entity19 . Regulation of endocannabinoid levels in @entity35 peripheral tissues, induced by food deprivation and re-feeding, might participate in food intake and energy processing and was altered in Zucker @entity35 . These data, together with previous observations, provide further evidence for dysregulation of peripheral endocannabinoids in @entity28 .

title: Peripheral XXXX in @entity28 : relation to intestinal motility and energy processing induced by food deprivation and re-feeding.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity21237 :: ('CHEBI:52334', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine-B']

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonoylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['endocannabinoid dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity12353 :: ('MESH:D063388', 'Chemical') :: ['Endocannabinoids']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['high-fat diets', 'HFDs']

answer: @entity10204 :: (MESH:D021081,Disease) :: ['endocannabinoid dysregulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity910 are some of the major motor complications that impair quality of life for @entity1 with @entity191 . The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of @entity7776 in @entity191 @entity1 suffering from @entity910 . METHODS: In this multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial, 36 @entity1 with @entity191 and @entity910 were randomized, and 62 interventions, which included @entity7776 (300 mg/day) or placebo treatment for 27 days, were analyzed. At 15 days after washout, the treatments were crossed over. The primary outcome measure was the changes in the @entity910 Rating Scale (RDRS) during each treatment period. The secondary outcome measures were changes in the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale part IVa (UPDRS-IVa, @entity910 ), part IVb (motor fluctuations), and part III (motor function). RESULTS: RDRS improved in 64% and 16% of @entity1 treated with @entity7776 or placebo, respectively, with significant differences between treatments. The adjusted odds-ratio for improvement by @entity7776 was 6.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 31.5). UPDRS-IVa was improved to a significantly greater degree in @entity7776 -treated @entity1 [mean (SD) of 1.83 (1.56)] compared with placebo-treated @entity1 [0.03 (1.51)]. However, there were no significant effects on UPDRS-IVb or III scores. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the present study demonstrated that @entity7776 exhibited efficacious effects against @entity910 in 60-70% of @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trial Registry UMIN000000780.

title: XXXX for @entity910 in @entity191 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Dyskinesias', 'Rush Dyskinesia', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease"]

answer: @entity7776 :: (MESH:D000547,Chemical) :: ['Amantadine']


abstract: The varied aspects of spread of @entity2466 are reviewed with emphasis on the often clinically dramatic phenomenon known as @entity1725 , a term mostly used to describe grossly evident @entity3558 within the peritoneal cavity. The majority of cases of @entity1725 result from @entity5 primary in the appendix, which are usually low-grade. On microscopic examination @entity1725 is typically characterized by large aggregates of @entity3558 which may be relatively acellular or cellular containing strips of mucinous epithelium, mucinous epithelium encircling glands and cysts, or aggregates of mucinous epithelium lying within @entity3558 pools. High-grade @entity420 may spread to the omentum and peritoneal surfaces without grossly striking @entity3558 deposition and resemble spread of other high-grade gastrointestinal @entity420 . In many cases of @entity1725 in females there is involvement of one, or more often, both ovaries. The size of the @entity43 characteristically dwarfs the often relatively unremarkable appearing appendix in these cases. The ovaries are typically multilocular, although one locule may dominate, and in cases in which the primary is a low-grade appendiceal @entity5 often have a "jelly-like" consistency. In cases of spread of @entity420 the ovarian metastases typically have a more solid, albeit still somewhat gelatinous consistency. Microscopic examination of the ovaries typically shows surface involvement, a characteristic of spread to the ovaries in general, and the glands and cysts that replace most or all of the parenchyma are typically lined by tall @entity3558 -rich cells with, in many cases, relatively bland microscopic features. In cases of @entity420 , the @entity5 may mimic closely a primary mucinous @entity420 . Spread to the ovaries may also be seen in cases of frank intestinal-type @entity420 primary in the appendix and the uncommon signet ring cell @entity189 , the latter being one cause of the @entity13305 . Occasional cases are reported in the literature of ovarian spread of goblet cell @entity5 , but in our opinion most of the @entity5 in those cases are better classified as @entity420 , usually dominantly of signet-ring cell type, albeit sometimes with focal neuroendocrine differentiation. Other interesting aspects of spread of @entity2466 include to the lining of the uterus and the fallopian tube. In yet other cases the @entity5 may present clinically as incidentally discovered @entity1423 within hernia sac specimens or as a scrotal mass.

title: @entity1725 and selected other aspects of the spread of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity13305 :: ('MESH:D007725', 'Disease') :: ['Krukenberg tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous neoplasm', 'carcinoid tumor of the appendix', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous aggregates']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the appendix']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'frank adenocarcinomas', 'frank adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the appendix', 'adenocarcinoma of the ovary', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2466 :: (MESH:D001063,Disease) :: ['appendiceal neoplasms']


abstract: @entity12570 and @entity238 arizonae, a pair of sibling species @entity4759 , constitute an important model system to study ecological genetics and the evolution of reproductive isolation. This species pair can produce fertile hybrids in some crosses and are sympatric in a large part of their ranges. Despite the potential for hybridization in nature, however, evidence of introgression has not been rigorously sought. Further, the evolutionary relationships within and among the geographically distant populations of the two species have not been characterized in detail using high-resolution molecular studies. Both species have six chromosomes: five large acrocentrics and one 'dot' chromosome. Fixed inversion differences between the species exist in three chromosomes (X, 2 and 3) while three are colinear (4, 5 and 6), suggesting that were introgression to occur, it would be most likely in the colinear chromosomes. We utilized @entity377 sequence variation at multiple loci on five chromosomes to test for evidence of introgression, and to test various scenarios for the evolutionary relationships of these two species and their populations. While we do not find evidence of recent introgression, loci in the colinear chromosomes appear to have participated in exchange in the past. We also found considerable population structure within both species. The level of differentiation discovered among D. arizonae populations was unexpectedly high and suggests that its populations, as well as those of @entity12570 , may be themselves undergoing incipient speciation and merit further attention.

title: Multilocus nuclear sequences reveal intra- and interspecific relationships among chromosomally polymorphic species of cactophilic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity12570 :: ('7230', 'Species') :: ['D. mojavensis', 'Drosophila mojavensis']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['endemic to North America']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: One hundred ninety-one @entity1 with @entity43 were treated with either a combination of @entity632 and a five-day course of @entity900 alternating with @entity786 and @entity11558 orally for 14 days (CHAP-5) or @entity786 and @entity900 both administered intravenously (IV) on a single day at 3-week intervals ( @entity2723 ). At a median follow-up time of 45 months, treatment with each of these combinations resulted in the same remission rates (80% and 74%, respectively) and exactly the same progression-free survival and overall survival (median, 26 months). Despite adequate hydration, more @entity8 was encountered in the @entity2723 -treated @entity1 than in those who received CHAP-5. Disabling @entity2359 and severe myelosuppression were encountered more frequently in the @entity1 treated with CHAP-5. Because the @entity137 was lower and @entity2723 treatment required shorter hospitalization, the single-day regimen was considered preferable for future use. The Karnofsky index was the only independent predictor for response, whereas both this index and the size of @entity41 before chemotherapy were predictive of survival. After correcting for other prognostic factors, it was determined that @entity5 size associated with improved survival was less than 1 cm. The site of metastases in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IV @entity1 did not influence survival within this category. The results of this study confirm our previous findings that @entity1 with microscopic remnants at second-look have a survival similar to that of @entity1 who are histopathologically free of disease. This makes the significance of so-called pathologically confirmed complete remission questionable. The survival benefit of debulking surgery performed during chemotherapy seems only minimal for @entity1 in whom debulking has already been attempted before treatment. Like others, we have found the @entity2723 regimen to have a good therapeutic index.

title: Randomized trial comparing two combination chemotherapy regimens ( XXXX ) in advanced @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity11558 :: ('MESH:D006585', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethylmelamine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2723 :: (MESH:C566991,Disease) :: ['CHAP-5 v CP']