abstract: BACKGROUND: VarS/VarA is one of the global factors regulating diverse aspects of the metabolism and virulence of bacteria including pathogenic Vibrio spp. An experiment to identify the VarS/VarA-regulon in @entity5345 revealed that a putative LuxR-type transcriptional regulator was down-regulated in   varA mutant. To investigate the roles of this regulatory cascade, the target gene regulated by a LuxR-regulator was identified and its expression was characterized. RESULTS: Transcriptomic analysis of the mutant deficient in this LuxR-type regulator showed that the acsA gene encoding @entity6625 synthetase was down-regulated. Thus, this regulator was named AcsR for "regulator of @entity6625 synthetase". A putative @entity3793 kinase gene, acsS, was located five ORFs downstream of the acsR gene. Expression of an acsA::luxAB transcriptional fusion was decreased in both   acsR and   acsS mutants. Similar to a   acsA mutant, strains carrying deletions either in acsR or acsS grew slowly than wild type in a minimal medium with @entity598 as a sole @entity505 source. Growth defect of the   acsR strain in @entity598 -minimal medium was restored by complementation. To investigate if AcsR directly regulates acsA expression, in vitro-gel shift assays were performed using the recombinant AcsR and the regulatory region of the acsA gene, showing that AcsR specifically bound the upstream region of the acsA ORF. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the VarS/VarA system plays a role in @entity5345 metabolism via regulating AcsR, which in turn controls @entity598 metabolism by activating the transcription of the @entity6625 synthetase gene.

title: Role of AcsR in expression of the @entity6625 synthetase gene in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity5345 :: ('672', 'Species') :: ['V. vulnificus']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Species) :: ['Vibrio vulnificus']


abstract: CONTEXT: The surgical management of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) is evolving away from open surgery. In developing countries however majority of cases are managed by transvesical prostatectomy (TP). AIMS: This study aims to describe our experience regarding the efficacy, complication profile and outcome of TP in the management of @entity1067 in Nigeria. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A descriptive, retrospective study carried out in three tertiary centers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-seven @entity1 were studied. Parameters examined included age, clinical features, investigations, type of postoperative bladder irrigation, prostate gland volume, duration of hospital stay, complications and outcome. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Simple means and percentages with SPSS 16. RESULTS: Mean age was 65.2    6.8 years (range 47-93 years). Presentation with severe lower urinary tract symptoms only occurred in 76 @entity1 (25.7%); acute urinary retention was seen in 106 @entity1 (35.7%). Chronic urinary retention, @entity8 and haematuria occurred in 47 (15.8%), 37 (12.5%), and 31 @entity1 (10.4%) respectively. On comorbidity, 63 @entity1 (21.2%) were @entity101 and 24 @entity1 (8.1%) had @entity6 . Two hundred and twenty three @entity1 (75%) had indwelling catheters at the time of surgery. Preoperative urinary catheter duration was 1 week-35 months. Mean duration of hospital stay was 8.8 days. Complications were transient @entity322 33 @entity1 (11.1%), @entity293 38 @entity1 (12.7%), and @entity697 15 @entity1 (5.1%). Clot retention occurred in 40 @entity1 (13.5%). Mortality rate was 1%. CONCLUSIONS: TP remains useful in developing climes. There is a need to emphasize effective preoperative workup so as to limit morbidity. Emphasis on variety of techniques for hemostasis is necessary.

title: Transvesical prostatectomy in the management of XXXX in a developing country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute epididymoorchitis']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Institutions are now incentivized to decrease rates of preventable readmissions. The purpose of this study was to examine readmissions following open @entity4037 repair (VHR), to ultimately create a model to preoperatively identify high-risk @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Utilizing the 2011 and 2012 ACS-NSQIP datasets, @entity1 undergoing open VHR were identified by CPT codes. @entity1 who were readmitted in 2011 within 30  days of the procedure were compared to those who were not with regard to preoperative and operative characteristics. A bootstrap analysis was performed to identify internally validated risk factors to be included in the final logistic regression, which was utilized to create a weighted model to predict the risk of readmission. This model was then validated with  VHR @entity1 in 2012. RESULTS: Overall, 10,745 @entity1 were included for model generation. Of these, 850 (7.9  %) @entity1 were readmitted within 30  days. The final bootstrap analysis demonstrated that active smoking, ASA  >=   3, a history of @entity3459 or @entity417 , long operative time, inpatient status, and concurrent panniculectomy were all independently associated with readmission following @entity4037 repair. Significant variables were assigned a weighted score, ranging from 1 to 3. Each @entity1 was then placed into one of four cohorts according to their summed score. The internally validated model [Hernia Readmission Risk (HERR) Score] demonstrated that risk increased in a linear fashion, with the highest risk cohort having a 21  % risk of 30-day readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative predictors of readmission following VHR include smoking, ASA score, operative magnitude, concurrent panniculectomy, and preoperative @entity417 and @entity3459 . The presented model based on these factors can aid in perioperative risk stratification for readmission.

title: Readmission following XXXX repair: a model derived from the ACS-NSQIP datasets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorder', 'bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The caudate lobe, because of its location and its highly unpredictable vascular anatomy, is one of the most surgical challenging segment of the liver. @entity157 ( @entity157 ) of the caudate lobe in cirrhotic @entity1 is not easily amenable to surgical resection. In order to treat @entity157 and to down-stage these @entity1 within accepted criteria for liver transplantation (LT), laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be performed. SUBJECTS AND RESULTS: We present three cases of laparoscopic RFA for caudate lobe @entity157 . All three @entity1 were successfully treated with laparoscopic RFA. The computed tomography scans 1 month postsurgery revealed @entity39 . No @entity260 occurred, and all @entity1 had a short postoperative stay. All three @entity1 underwent, thereafter, LT from a deceased donor. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic RFA is the treatment of choice in @entity1 with @entity157 who could be scheduled for LT. Furthermore, a laparoscopic technique with an accurate ultrasound examination of liver parenchyma can allow for a complete exclusion of @entity99 undetectable at the preoperative imaging and provides the minimal onset of adhesions, both approaches that are extremely useful in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation.

title: Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation in the caudate lobe for XXXX before liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['complete necrosis of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze a single surgeon's experience with one-stage resection with primary @entity254 in @entity694 , emphasizing intraoperative decompression before the @entity254 . METHOD: From January 1986 to September 1996, 91 @entity1 received one-stage resection with primary @entity254 for @entity694 . Eighty-five of these 91 @entity1 were operated on for @entity694 . Subtotal colectomies were performed in 20 @entity1 , left hemicolectomies in 21 @entity1 , sigmoid colectomies in 34 @entity1 , and anterior resections in 16 @entity1 . The preoperative serum @entity2313 level was less than 3 gm/dl in 17 @entity1 (less than 2.5 gm/dl in 10 @entity1 ). Four @entity1 had associated abscesses, and one @entity1 had @entity694 with @entity298 before operative colonoscopy. Neither antegrade nor retrograde irrigation was performed. RESULTS: Operative mortality rate was 2.2 percent. There were two cases (2.2 percent) of @entity834 . Other common complications included @entity2737 (11 cases), @entity293 (5 cases), @entity1321 (6 cases), and @entity1576 (3 cases). CONCLUSION: This experience suggests that an @entity254 can be performed more safely in @entity1 with @entity694 than in those with an @entity254 in the nondiverted colon. Neither intraoperative irrigation nor routine subtotal colectomy was found to be necessary. @entity254 below the peritoneal reflection is also not a contraindication.

title: One-stage resection and @entity254 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakages']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['acute obstruction of the left colon', 'colonic perforation', 'carcinoma of the colon and rectum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['acute obstruction of the left colon']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the posterior vitreous mobility following eye movements in @entity1 forming macular holes, using an optical coherence tomography (OCT) eye-tracking system. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive interventional case series. METHODS: Twenty-four eyes of 17 consecutive @entity1 with @entity937 and the remaining fellow eyes were recruited. Following acquisition of baseline fundus scans, all @entity1 were instructed to perform sets of standardized full-excursion @entity1319 . Immediately after each set of movements an OCT scan registered to the baseline fundus image was obtained using the eye-tracking system. Three images were then overlaid using picture-editing software, thereby documenting the changing configuration of the posterior vitreous as well as its position relative to the static retinal structures. RESULTS: In @entity1 with macular hole, 22 of 24 eyes (92%) had duplication of the posterior cortical vitreous in overlaid images. The extent of duplication (indicating mobility) was increased with increasing vitreous separation and as the stage of macular hole increased (75% in stage 0; 80% in stage 1; 100% in both stage 2 and stage 3). In all eyes in which there was a wavy configuration to the vitreous face, or in which there was a greater angle of vitreous insertion into the peripheral retina, vitreous mobility was evident on overlaid images (P  = 2.7  * 10(-17) and P  = 1.7  * 10(-13), respectively). CONCLUSION: By dynamically evaluating @entity1 , we offer potential mechanistic insights that may further implicate mobile vitreous and associated fluid currents in the pathogenesis and progression of macular holes.

title: Posterior Vitreous Mobility Delineated by Tracking of Optical Coherence Tomography Images in Eyes With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic macular hole']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['vertical and horizontal eye movements']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Macular Holes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perinatal @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) is associated with delayed @entity75 , which involves receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. Until now, successful interventions to reduce excitotoxicity early after HI in experimental settings failed to transform into clinical applications owing to negative side effects. A promising new approach using the anticonvulsant @entity1771 (TPM) has shown to be effective to reduce @entity75 after early HI in a rodent model of combined TPM- @entity2332 . Here, we used TPM solely administered 1 h after HI in a neonatal piglet model in order to verify possible neuroprotection. METHODS: Newborn piglets were subjected to HI by transient occlusion of carotid arteries and @entity551 (62-65% of baseline). Fifteen minutes later, an additional reduction of the inspired @entity26 fraction to 0.06 was performed for 13 min. One cohort (VEHICLE, n = 8) received saline solution i.v. 1 h after HI and then twice a day. Two further cohorts were treated at same times with TPM (HI-TPM10, n = 8, loading dose 20 mg/kg; maintenance dose 10 mg/kg/day; HI-TPM20, n = 8, loading dose 50 mg/kg; maintenance dose 20 mg/kg/day). Untreated animals (CONTROL, n = 8) received all experimental procedures except HI. Animals were monitored 3 days after HI concerning occurrence of @entity410 as well as neurological and behavioral functions. After 72 h, the brains were perfused and processed to assess neuronal loss and DNA-fragments (TUNEL staining). RESULTS: There was a significant reduction of neuronal cell loss in HI-TPM20 animals. However, apoptosis was @entity62 animals. CONCLUSIONS: Exclusive TPM treatment shows neuroprotection in newborn piglets after HI.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity1771 after XXXX - @entity63 in newborn piglets.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['Topiramate']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['increased in the frontal white matter of HI-TPM20']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: @entity420 ( @entity420 ) is an uncommon @entity5 (GCTs) in the central nervous system. Granular cells in these @entity5 are of enigmatic origin. We report a case of cerebral @entity420 in a 59-year-old @entity1 who suffered from @entity6 and @entity5343 . The @entity5 was localized in the left parietal lobe. Microscopically, the @entity5 was almost entirely composed of large, polygonal cells with round to oval, granular eosinophilic, PAS-positive cytoplasm. The nuclei were located centrally or eccentrically and sometimes exhibited nucleolar vacuoles. The @entity5 cells were arranged in nests surrounded by blood vessels and connective tissue. Immunohistochemically, the granular @entity5 cells were reactive for @entity538 and @entity2277 . They were intensively stained for ubiquitin and some of them were reactive for @entity469 . Moreover, a lot of stromal cells expressed @entity469 reactivity. Ultrastructurally, most @entity5 cells were round or oval with only a few or without filaments. Their cytoplasm was filled with electron-dense granular material limited by a single membrane and autophagic vacuoles. Another @entity5 cells, present in a significantly lower number, revealed abundant cytoplasm with numerous intermediate filaments, swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and a few clusters of granular material. Cells with numerous condensed electron-dense, bizarrely-shaped mitochondria and few filaments were occasionally observed. Among granular cells, macrophages with vacuoles and/or lamellar structures were visible. In our case, both immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis supported astroglial origin of the @entity5 .

title: XXXX . A case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['granular cell tumour', 'type of tumour', 'type of granular cell tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ['Addison-Biermer disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Granular cell astrocytoma', 'GCA']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Granular cell astrocytoma']


abstract: @entity101 and @entity6 are associated with an increased arterial stiffness. A direct blood pressure-independent effect of @entity1289 inhibitors on arterial stiffness has never been unequivocally demonstrated. In this mechanistic study, we used an experimental design in which @entity1 responding to 1 month treatment with 4 mg @entity4687 were randomized double-blind to either 4 mg @entity4687 or 8 mg @entity4687 for 6 months. We determined carotid distensibility with echotracking and applanation tonometry at baseline and after the 7-month treatment period in 57 essential @entity101 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (age 63+/-7 years). We monitored ambulatory blood pressure at baseline and after treatment. After 7 months treatment, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure significantly decreased, with no significant difference between 4 mg and 8 mg @entity4687 . Carotid distensibility increased more after 8 mg @entity4687 compared with 4 mg @entity4687 (8 mg: from 13.1+/-5.9 to 16.0+/-6.7 kPa(-1)x10(-3); 4 mg: from 13.2+/-5.2 to 12.7+/-5.9 kPa(-1)x10(-3); ANOVA, dose-period interaction, P<0.05). Carotid internal diameter and elastic modulus were significantly lower after 8 mg @entity4687 compared with 4 mg @entity4687 , independent of blood pressure reduction. These results indicate a dose-dependent and blood pressure-independent reduction in carotid stiffness under chronic treatment with an @entity1289 inhibitor. They suggest that arterial distensibility was increased through an inward remodeling, leading to a reduction in wall stress, thus reducing elastic modulus. They also suggest that long-term administration of high doses (8 mg) of @entity4687 is required to improve carotid structure and function in @entity101 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Brachial pressure-independent reduction in carotid stiffness after long-term @entity1289 inhibition in diabetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensives']


abstract: Fas ligand ( @entity9699 / @entity9699 ) is a transmembrane protein belonging to the @entity5 necrosis factor superfamily that can trigger apoptotic cell death following ligation to its receptor, Fas ( @entity1309 / @entity1309 ). Expression of @entity9699 may help to maintain @entity5 cells in a state of immune privilege by inducing apoptosis of antitumor immune effector cells-the "Fas counterattack." However, the ability of @entity9699 to mediate @entity5 immune privilege is controversial due to studies that indicate @entity9699 has both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. To resolve this controversy and functionally define the role of @entity9699 in @entity5 immune evasion, we investigated if suppression of endogenously expressed @entity9699 in @entity694 cells resulted in reduced @entity5 development and improved antitumor immune challenge in vivo. Specifically, @entity9699 expression in CMT93 @entity694 cells was down-regulated following stable transfection with a plasmid encoding antisense @entity9699 cDNA. Down-regulation of @entity9699 expression had no effect on @entity5 growth in vitro but significantly reduced @entity5 development in syngeneic immunocompetent @entity19 in vivo. @entity5 size was also significantly decreased. Reduced @entity9699 expression by @entity5 cells led to increased lymphocyte infiltration. The overall level of neutrophils present in all of the @entity5 examined was low, with no difference between the @entity5 , irrespective of @entity9699 expression. Thus, down-regulation of @entity9699 expression by @entity694 cells results in an improved antitumor immune challenge in vivo, providing functional evidence in favor of the "Fas counterattack" as a mechanism of @entity5 immune evasion.

title: Addressing the "Fas counterattack" controversy: blocking fas ligand expression suppresses XXXX immune evasion of @entity694 in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor', 'colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity2758 are high flow lesions that remain a challenge in the field of plastic surgery, interventional radiology, and neurosurgery. This is especially true for large lesions requiring a comprehensive team approach. From March 2001 to August 2004, six @entity1 with @entity2758 having extensive involvement of the skin underwent selective embolization followed by resection and reconstruction with anterolateral thigh perforator @entity1912 . The age of @entity1 ranged from 22 to 43 years (average, 29 years); four were male and two were female. The size of the defect ranged from 8 x 10 cm to 12 x 14 cm. During the follow-up period from 3 months to 41 months, two @entity1 required ancillary procedures to improve their aesthetic appearances. All @entity1 achieved acceptable contour, appearance, and sensation without any incidence of recurrences. The anterolateral thigh perforator @entity1912 provides a large, thin and sensible @entity1912 . The anatomy of the @entity1912 is relatively constant and reliable. Despite the extensive involvement of @entity2758 of the face, with selective embolization, maximal resection, and coverage with a well-vascularized tissue, it can be safely removed and successfully reconstructed.

title: Reconstruction of the face after resection of XXXX using anterolateral thigh perforator @entity1912 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation', 'Arteriovenous malformations']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: Solid fragments of a syngeneic @entity5 of low immunogenicity were implanted on the anterior surface of the iris or posterior surface of the @entity267 in young Fischer 344 @entity35 . Growth and @entity3 of these implants were examined and compared with those occurring following sc @entity5 implantation in the flank. Corneal implants did not grow well or metastasize. Iridial implants grew well, and @entity5 typically filled the eye within a few weeks. If @entity5 -filled eyes were left intact, all @entity35 died or became moribund 7-9 weeks later. @entity3 was seen in the lungs (11/11), cervical lymph nodes (7/11), body wall (5/11), heart (4/11), kidney (4/11), and liver (3/11). Removal (enucleation) of @entity5 -filled eyes prior to spread to the orbit prevented the development of overt metastatic disease for 1-2 years (11/11). When healthy enucleated @entity35 were necropsied 0 days to 26 weeks post enucleation, small nodules were seen in the lung (9/13), liver (3/13), or spleen (1/13). Nodules were not seen in @entity35 that had been housed in our animal facility for 1-2 years (16/16), had eye surgery with @entity5 implanted on the posterior surface of the @entity267 (6/6), or had been subjected to the surgical procedures of corneal implantation and enucleation (3/3). When @entity5 were implanted sc, @entity35 died after 6-7 weeks. @entity3 was seen in the lung (12/12), lymph nodes (12/12), spleen (1/12), and liver (1/12). @entity5 failed to prevent animals from dying 7-8 weeks later with pulmonary and lymph node @entity3 (10/10). In summary, iridial implantation resulted in an altered pattern of @entity3 . Animals that had iridial implants and enucleation failed to develop overt metastatic disease and had small nodules in the lung, liver, or spleen.

title: XXXX of ocular and flank implants of the 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma in syngeneic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Removal of very small flank tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity900 -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is a standard treatment for @entity5 , but nedaplatin-based CCRT is not routinely administered. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of nedaplatin-based CCRT (35 mg/m(2) weekly) and analyzed prognostic factors for survival among 52 @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage @entity3847 -IVA @entity5 treated from 1999 to 2009. @entity1 were treated with a combination of external beam radiotherapy of 40-56 Gy (in 20-28 fractions) and 13.6-28.8 Gy (in 2-4 fractions) of @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) intracavitary brachytherapy or 18 Gy (in 3 fractions) of @entity1168 interstitial brachytherapy. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local control (LC) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis. Acute and late @entity137 were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. The median follow-up period was 52 months. The median @entity1 age was 63 years. The 5-year OS, PFS and LC rates were 78%, 57% and 73%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that histologic type, maximum @entity5 diameter, and pretreatment hemoglobin level were independent risk factors for PFS. Regarding adverse effects, 24 @entity1 (46%) had acute Grade 3-4 @entity1431 and 5 (10%) had late Grade 3 gastrointestinal @entity137 . No @entity1 experienced @entity8 . @entity1814 -based CCRT for FIGO Stage @entity3847 -IVA @entity5 was efficacious and safe, with no @entity8 . Histologic type, maximum @entity5 diameter, and pretreatment hemoglobin level were statistically significant prognostic factors for PFS.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy for FIGO Stage @entity3847 -IVA @entity5 and its clinical prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['Nedaplatin']

answer: @entity1814 :: (MESH:C053989,Chemical) :: ['nedaplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess and identify gender differences in factors associated with prevalence, awareness, and treatment of @entity170 . METHODS: Data for 3,071 @entity1 and 3,635 @entity1 (age>= 50) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008~2011 were included. @entity170 was defined by World Health Organization T-score criteria. Impact factors and odds ratios were analysed by gender using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity170 prevalence rates were 7.0% in @entity1 and 40.1% in @entity1 . @entity2331 rates were 45.5% and 46.0% respectively. Among respondents with @entity170 , 7.6% @entity1 and 37.8% @entity1 were aware of their diagnosis. Also 5.7% @entity1 with @entity170 and 22.8% @entity1 were treated. Higher prevalence was found among respondents who were older, at lower socioeconomic levels, with lower body mass index and shorter height in both genders, and among @entity1 with @entity174 history, and non-hormonal replacement therapy. Awareness and treatment rates for the risk groups were similar compared to the low risk controls for both genders. @entity174 history increased awareness and treatment rates independently for both genders. @entity1 with perceived poor health status and health screening had increased awareness and treatment rates, but not @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Results indicate that postmenopausal @entity1 have a higher prevalence of @entity170 than @entity1 and awareness and treatment rates were higher than for @entity1 . Despite gender difference in prevalence, @entity170 was underdiagnosed and undertreated for both genders. Specialized public education and routine health screenings according to gender could be effective strategies to increase @entity170 awareness and treatment.

title: [Gender difference in XXXX prevalence, awareness and treatment: based on the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2008~2011].

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Although the contraceptive effect of @entity62124 has been proven by animal and clinical tests, the possibility of @entity74 to long-term users remained to be investigated. Genetic toxicology experiments on lymphocyte chromosome mutation, sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus and others gave no clear indication of induced transformation caused by @entity6319 use. Following a study on the SCE of @entity6319 users, 26 healthy males, aged 27 - 47, participated in a study designed to investigate the changes in lymphocyte SCE after its subjects had discontinued use of the substance. The control and treatment groups were composed of 13 subjects each. Each member of the tratment group took 20 mg @entity62124 per day for about 3 months. When his sperm count dropped below 4 million per ml semen, each @entity1 's dosage was reduced to 200 to 300 mg per month. The treatment lasted 2 years. 1 month after discontinuation, a blood sample was taken from each member of the control and treatment groups for the purpose of preparing a peripheral lymphocyte culture. Even though the mean SCE for the treatment and control groups was 6.3 and 7.0, respectively, the difference has no statistical significance. A comprehensive study was also conducted on cell genetic change, including chromosome mutation, SCE and micronucleus, of the treatment group during treatment and after discontinuation. In both cases, there was no indication of induced transformation.

title: [Sister chromatid exchanges in XXXX users after its discontinuation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity6319 :: ('MESH:D006072', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic damage']

entities_list: @entity62124 :: ('MESH:C050415', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol formic acid']

answer: @entity62124 :: (MESH:C050415,Chemical) :: ['gossypol formic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clear cell @entity8 (CCSK) in adults is extremely rare. Optimal treatment of adult @entity1 with CCSK remains unclear. CASE PRESENTATION: A 22-year-old @entity1 presented with a 2-month history of left @entity812 . A color duplex sonography revealed a hypervascular, heterogeneous renal mass. Abdominal and pelvic computerized tomography showed a heterogeneous mass originating from the lower pole of the left kidney and infiltrating to the psoas muscle. Further evaluation including bone scan did not demonstrate any evidence of @entity3 . A left radical nephrectomy with hilar lymphadenectomy through an intraperitoneal approach with an anterior subcostal incision was performed. The histopathological diagnosis of the mass was a clear cell @entity8 . No lymph node @entity3 were found. Concomitant chemo-radiotherapy was performed. Therapy-related serious side effects were not observed. There was no evidence of local recurrence or @entity3 during the following twenty-four months after therapy. CONCLUSION: We believe that the combination therapy is efficacious for preventing the local recurrence and distant @entity3 . Accurate diagnosis is very important and therapy must also include @entity632 regardless of the disease stage in adult @entity1 with CCSK.

title: Adult clear cell XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma of the kidney']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['sarcoma of the kidney']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND: Published information evaluating frequency of and risk factors for @entity2176 -induced @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in the @entity4806 ( @entity4806 ) population is conflicting. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to describe the proportion of our @entity4806 @entity1 who developed @entity810 with intravenous (IV) @entity2176 . The secondary objective was to describe the associated potential risk factors. METHODS: Pediatric @entity1 (0-18 years) who received their first IV @entity2176 dose in the @entity4806 were evaluated in this retrospective chart review. @entity810 was defined based on Pediatric-Modified RIFLE (pRIFLE) criteria. @entity1 demographics, @entity2176 trough concentrations, concomitant nephrotoxins, and estimated @entity1011 clearance changes were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 265 @entity1 included, the primary outcome of @entity810 (defined by meeting any pRIFLE criteria) occurred in 62 (23.4%) @entity1 (48 category R, 11 category I, 3 category F). @entity1 who received @entity2176 treatment for = 5 days were more likely to develop @entity810 (unadjusted odds ratio [uOR]: 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-5.73), as were @entity1 with a maximum @entity2176 trough level = 20 mg/L (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.54-5.78) and @entity1 on 1 (uOR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.12-4.66) or more concurrent nephrotoxin (uOR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.43-6.77). Among nephrotoxins, @entity1 receiving @entity1483 concomitantly with @entity2176 were more likely to develop @entity810 (uOR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.92-6.27). After adjustment, only @entity1483 was a significant predictor of risk of @entity810 / @entity810 (adjusted OR: 3.52; 95% CI: 1.88-6.62). The study was limited by its retrospective and observational design, and confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who were receiving @entity2176 with concurrent @entity1483 were at highest risk of developing @entity810 .

title: Frequency of and Risk Factors for XXXX Associated With @entity2176 Use in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric intensive care unit', 'PICU']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute Kidney Injury']


abstract: A 68-year-old male had @entity454 secondary to @entity101 . He was placed on chronic dialytic therapy and was given recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) for @entity8 . One month later, rapidly progressing @entity417 was noted. The @entity417 was unresponsive to maximal doses of @entity1307 and the @entity1 soon became transfusion-dependent. @entity10792 was demonstrated by bone marrow biopsy. A detailed search for the cause of the @entity16096 revealed nothing. A diagnosis of acquired pure @entity1308 was made. The use of immunosuppressive agents improved the @entity1 's symptoms and laboratory data. Antibodies for @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) were negative after the treatment. It is suggested that @entity1 with @entity1307 -resistant @entity417 with no obvious etiology should be examined for underlying @entity1503 .

title: Acquired pure @entity1308 in a hemodialyzed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16096 :: ('MESH:C536980', 'Disease') :: ['erythroblastopenia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO', 'epoetin']

entities_list: @entity10792 :: ('MESH:D029503', 'Disease') :: ['Erythroid hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1308 :: ('MESH:D012010', 'Disease') :: ['red cell aplasia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The effects of the morphinan drugs @entity3982 , @entity14031 and @entity14887 were tested towards the cataleptic activity induced by 1 mg/kg of @entity1767 i.p. in @entity35 . The influence of the morphinans was compared to that of the @entity1024 competitive antagonist, @entity12780 . @entity12780 (0.5 mumoles, i.c.v.), @entity3982 (7.5-15 mg/kg, i.p.) and @entity14031 (15-30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the degree of @entity8364 in the @entity1767 -treated @entity35 within 15 min. Conversely, @entity14887 (15-30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the degree of @entity8364 in the @entity1767 -treated @entity35 within 15 min. @entity1510 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) counteracted the potentiating effects of @entity14887 . These findings demonstrate a differential influence of the morphinan stereoisomers @entity3982 and @entity14887 on experimental @entity8364 , and suggest a potential use of @entity14031 in the treatment of @entity191 .

title: Differential effects of morphinan drugs on @entity1767 -induced XXXX in @entity35 : a comparative study with an @entity1024 antagonist.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity12780 :: ('CHEBI:138644', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid', '2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid']

entities_list: @entity14887 :: ('MESH:D007981', 'Chemical') :: ['levorphanol']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['catalepsy']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity3982 :: ('MESH:D003917', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrorphan']

answer: @entity8364 :: (MESH:D002375,Disease) :: ['catalepsy']


abstract: Preoperative and postoperative manometric findings and the results of lateral internal sphincterotomy were analyzed in 44 consecutive @entity1 affected with @entity12395 . Preoperatively, resting anal pressure was increased in 32 @entity1 . At one month postoperatively, 23 @entity1 showed normal pressures, whereas 14 were still hypertonic and seven, @entity2421 . Only three @entity1 still had a weak sphincter six months postoperatively. The overall morbidity rate was 31.8 percent. Minor complications occurred in 11 @entity1 . Major complications affected three @entity1 . Overall, impaired continence was recorded in eight @entity1 , although only two complained of persistent, albeit lesser, defects of continence not requiring the use of pads. Nonoperative treatment should be reserved for few selected @entity1 with recent, acute fissures. As for chronic and fissures, compared with other operative or nonoperative modalities of treatment, lateral internal sphincterotomy is a highly successful procedure and its minimal morbidity is well accepted by the @entity1 .

title: A critical appraisal of pathogenesis and morbidity of surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity12395 :: ('MESH:D005401', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anal fissure']

answer: @entity12395 :: (MESH:D005401,Disease) :: ['chronic anal fissure']


abstract: Some inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal system are associated with @entity16 which, in rare cases, may precede the onset of the gastrointestinal manifestation of the disease. @entity1593 is characterized by an intolerance to the @entity3505 protein gluten. The typical neurological manifestation of celiac sprue is @entity6447 . The @entity2055 as well as the gastrointestinal symptoms can be treated with a strictly gluten-free diet. The @entity16 of @entity1595 , @entity74 caused by gram-positive bacilli, are variable. Typical symptoms of cerebral @entity1595 include @entity303 , @entity4610 , @entity717 , and signs of @entity1640 . Nowadays, the diagnosis of cerebral @entity1595 is made by PCR detection of the bacilli in the CSF. @entity30 and @entity31 are associated with @entity16 to a similar proportion. Various forms of @entity305 have been observed. The CNS manifestations of @entity29 include @entity64 , @entity49 , and @entity12513 .

title: [ XXXX in @entity29 ].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['Celiac sprue']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1595 :: ('MESH:D008061', 'Disease') :: ["Whipple's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['a disorder']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurologic complications']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the recommendations in the guidelines, physicians still underuse @entity1229 in very elderly @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). The risks of @entity64 and @entity548 both increase with age, but it is still not clear whether the beneficial effects of @entity2067 antagonists (VKA) in preventing @entity64 outweigh the related @entity548 risks in fragile, very elderly @entity1 . The @entity548 rates reported in real-world observational studies differ considerably. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the incidence of @entity548 in VKA-na  ve @entity1 over 80  years old with @entity955 at a large anticoagulation clinic. Significant predictors of @entity548 were also investigated. Sixty-five @entity548 events (3.4 per 100 @entity1 -years) and 25 @entity1031 events (1.3 per 100 @entity1 -years) were recorded in a sample of 798 @entity1 with a median follow-up of 2.2  years. @entity1 over 85  years old had significantly more @entity548 events than the 80- to 84-year olds (4.7 vs. 2.6 per 100 @entity1 -years, p 0.014). Spontaneous @entity548 was also significantly more common (3.0 vs. 1.3 per 100 @entity1 -years, p 0.008) in the very elderly group. Age and @entity6 were the only independent risk factor for @entity548 on multivariate Cox analysis (Age HR 1.80, 95  % CI 1.10-2.93; @entity6 HR 1.76, 95  % CI 1.00-3.09). These data show a sharp increase in @entity548 episodes among the very elderly with @entity955 . Further studies are warranted with a view to identifying @entity1 at risk.

title: To treat or not to treat very elderly na  ve XXXX with @entity955 with @entity2067 antagonists (VKA): results from the VENPAF cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'non-valvular atrial fibrillation', 'NVAF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Soft tissue @entity242 has a primitive mesenchymal origin and represents a heterogeneous group of malignant entities with a continuous rising frequency in the age range below 18. @entity980 ( @entity980 ) constitutes 5.8% from the whole amount of pediatric @entity5 , taking the fourth place after CNS @entity5 , @entity521 , and @entity3969 . The other category of non- @entity5 in @entity1 and teenagers represents 3% of the solid @entity5 under 18 years old. Our study looks at the particularities of the pathological, clinical, therapeutic aspects and the statistical correlation with prognosis. We included in the study a well-known category of soft tissue @entity5 called of uncertain @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was made between January 1995 and July 2005 in the Pediatric Department of Hematology and Oncology of the "Sf. Maria" Clinical Emergency Hospital Ia  i on a group of 58 de @entity1 ranging between 0 and 18 years old. RESULTS: Positive diagnostic confirmation was established on pathological grounds in optic microscopy and immuno-histo-enzymology performed on bioptic samples in Department of Pediatric Surgery and analyzed in Pathology Laboratory of "Sf. Maria" Clinical Emergency Hospital Ia  i. Based on histological examination 19 cases (32.75%) were of @entity980 type with following subtypes: alveolar--7 @entity1 , embryonic-- 9 cases, fusiform - 2 cases, bothrioid--1 case), 8 cases were @entity242 and one @entity1 had a @entity5 of pleiomorphic type; 13 @entity1 (22.41%) had non- @entity980 soft tissue @entity242 : 6 @entity1492 , 2 @entity1352 , 1 @entity1822 , 1 @entity2826 , 1 case of @entity808 , 1 case of @entity5 , one @entity1821 ; 16 cases were included in soft tissue @entity5 of uncertain origin ( @entity81 --6 cases, @entity82 --4 cases, hamartoma--cases, @entity11279 --1 case, fibro-xanthoma--1 case, @entity8146 --1 case); 1 PPNET ( @entity11564 ). CONCLUSIONS: The continuously augmented incidence of soft tissue @entity242 in young ages and the advanced stages initial presentations of @entity5 require a much more serious and rhythmic survey at general practitioner level. An improvement of diagnostic means is useful, taking into account the limits of optic microscopy. Therapy must be stage and histology adapted; lowering risk @entity137 of good prognosis cases and enhancing doses when required are the only reasonable options to avoid over treatment and to have a much better survival rate.

title: [Statistical study of the evolution over ten years of the clinical and therapeutic approach in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ['Kaposi sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'undifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma tumors', 'malignancies', 'tumor', 'angioma tumor', 'solid tumors', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity11564 :: ('MESH:C563168', 'Disease') :: ['Askin tumor']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumors']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity11279 :: ('MESH:D009379', 'Disease') :: ['myoblastoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['childhood soft tissue sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) affects the quality of @entity1 ' life in many ways. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a mainland Chinese version of @entity29 quality-of-life questionnaire for @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ). METHODS: A draft questionnaire containing 30 items was generated from a descriptive qualitative study, literature review and consulting with @entity29 @entity1 and experts. The validity, discriminant ability, reliability, and sensitivity to change were validated in 336 @entity1 with @entity29 . RESULTS: A 22-item @entity29 quality-of-life questionnaire (IBDQOL-22) with 4 domains was developed. The 4 domain scores of the IBDQOL-22 correlated well with the related SF-36 (36-Item Short Form Health Survey) dimensional scores in @entity31 (r = 0.42-0.75) and @entity30 (r = 0.41-0.66). The total scores of the IBDQOL-22 correlated well with the physical component summary scores of the SF-36 in @entity31 (r = 0.74) and @entity30 (r = 0.74), the mental component summary scores of the SF-36 in @entity31 (r = 0.77) and @entity30 (r = 0.71), the @entity1960 activity index in @entity31 (r = -0.61) and the @entity30 activity index (r = -0.53). It was able to discriminate between @entity1 with active and inactive disease. Cronbach's alpha for the 4 domains of the IBDQOL-22 ranged from 0.77 to 0.90 in @entity31 and from 0.76 to 0.89 in @entity30 . Test-retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.88-0.95 in @entity31 and 0.72-0.90 in @entity30 ). The 3 domains of the IBDQOL-22 (emotional function, symptoms and discomfort, bowel symptoms and its influences) were able to detect changes in @entity1 whose clinical activity index changed more than one point. CONCLUSIONS: The IBDQOL-22 is a valid, reliable, and responsive instrument for assessing disease-specific quality-of-life in @entity1 with @entity29 in Mainland China.

title: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess the Quality of Life in XXXX with @entity29 in Mainland China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Lysed @entity2829 mitochondria synthesize RNA in the presence of radioactive @entity9953 , and this assay was utilized to compare the rates of transcription of seven genes. The rates of incorporation varied over a 14-fold range, with the following rank order: 18S rRNA greater than 26S rRNA greater than @entity59135 greater than atp6 greater than atp9 greater than cob greater than cox3. The products of run-on transcription hybridized specifically to known transcribed regions and selectively to the antisense DNA strand; thus, the isolated run-on transcription system appears to be an accurate representation of endogenous transcription. Although there were small differences in gene copy abundance, these differences cannot account for the differences in apparent transcription rates; we conclude that promoter strength is the main determinant. Among the protein coding genes, incorporation was greatest for @entity59135 . The most active transcription initiation site of this gene was characterized by hybridization with in vitro-capped RNA and by primer extension analyses. The DNA sequences at this and other transcription initiation sites that we have previously mapped were analyzed with respect to the apparent promoter strengths. We propose that two short sequence elements just upstream of initiation sites form at least a portion of the sequence requirements for a @entity2829 mitochondrial promoter. In addition to modulation at the level of transcription, steady-state abundance of protein-coding mRNAs varied over a 20-fold range and did not correlate with transcriptional activity. These observations suggest that posttranscriptional processes are important in the modulation of mRNA abundance.

title: Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of XXXX mitochondrial gene expression.

entities_list: @entity9953 :: ('CHEBI:17326', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside triphosphates']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: Twelve monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) produced against the @entity526 hemolysin (HlyA) encoded by the hemolysin recombinant plasmid pWAM04 were studied. HlyA derivatives from recombinant strains with different plasmids encoding HlyA @entity1472 -terminal and @entity1473 -terminal truncates, HlyA in-frame deletions, and HlyA frameshift mutations were used in immunoblots to localize the antigenic determinants for the anti-HlyA MAbs. The mapping of the MAb epitopes was also facilitated by immunoblotting analysis of HlyA polypeptide fragments derived by @entity13518 cleavage. The HlyA epitopes for 11 of the MAbs were mapped to relatively small linear regions of the cytolysin ranging from 28 to 160 @entity1522 . Five of the MAbs (C10, G8, E2, B7, and D12) neutralized HlyA hemolytic activity to varying degrees. The epitopes for these neutralizing MAbs were found to reside within the following HlyA regions: C10 and G8, @entity1522 2 to 160; E2, @entity1522 161 to 194; B7, @entity1522 518 to 598; and D12, @entity1522 626 to 726. Hemolytically active HlyA was dependent on the action of the hlyC gene product. The D12 MAb recognized only HlyA produced by strains with an intact hlyC function. MAb A10 recognized an epitope within the HlyA region from @entity1522 728 to 829 where a @entity2228 -rich repeat domain exists; however, this MAb did not neutralize HlyA hemolytic activity. A HlyA domain map showing the anti-HlyA epitope location was constructed.

title: Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the XXXX hemolysin.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity13518 :: ('MESH:D003488', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanogen bromide']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: This 2-year prospective study was conducted to identify those at risk for @entity341 , to define the risk factors and reasons for @entity4858 , to analyze treatment options, and to compare findings with those of previous studies. A total of 203 @entity1 (74% male, mean age 27.3+/-13.9 y, 51% right @entity4858 , 44% left @entity4858 , 5% bilateral injuries) with @entity4858 who presented to the emergency department for treatment were included in this study. All @entity1 were evaluated by an ophthalmologist, who completed a formal questionnaire. Information recorded included demographic data, details of the @entity4858 , whether eye protection was used, and the type, location, and mechanism of @entity4858 . Mechanism of injury was categorized as blunt, sharp, or a combination. The ophthalmologist reported the time that had passed between occurrence of @entity130 for treatment. Each @entity1 was examined by the ophthalmologist, and findings, diagnosis, and treatment were documented. Of treated @entity1 , 93% were hospitalized, most of whom required surgical treatment. One hundred (48%) injuries were related to blunt @entity130 and 86 (41%) to sharp device @entity130 . Only 10 (4%) @entity1 were wearing protective eyewear when injured. @entity397 was the most common diagnosis of hospitalized @entity1 and the most frequent cause of this was @entity2687 ; subconjunctival @entity548 was the most common diagnosis among nonhospitalized @entity1 . In this study, the leading cause of @entity4858 was workplace accidents, probably attributable to growing industrialization in the region. @entity2194 continues to be an important health problem in @entity233 . Investigators believe that with education about and use of proper eye protection, 90% of @entity4858 could be prevented.

title: XXXX in @entity233 : a 2-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmologic emergencies']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries', 'injury to the eye', 'injury to 208 eyes', 'eye injury']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Ruptured globe']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injury and presentation']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Ocular trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disulfiram (DSF), a treatment for alcohol use disorders, has shown some clinical effectiveness in treating addiction to cocaine, nicotine, and @entity11532 . The mechanism of action of DSF for treating these addictions is unclear but it is unlikely to involve the inhibition of liver aldehyde dehydrogenase ( @entity46243 ). DSF is a pro-drug and forms a number of metabolites, one of which is N-acetyl-S-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl) cysteine (DETC- @entity59017 ). Here we describe a LCMS/MS method on a QQQ type instrument to quantify @entity59017 in plasma and intracellular fluid from @entity1 brain. An internal standard, the N,N-di-isopropylcarbamoyl homolog (MIM: 291>128) is easily separable from DETC- @entity59017 (MIM: 263>100) on C18 RP media with a methanol gradient. The method's linear range is 0.5-500nM from plasma and dialysate salt solution with all precisions better than 10% RSD. DETC- @entity59017 and internal standards were recovered at better than 95% from all matrices, perchloric acid precipitation (plasma) or formic acid addition (salt) and is stable in plasma or salt at low pH for up to 24h. Stability is observed through three freeze-thaw cycles per day for 7 days. No HPLC peak area matrix effect was greater than 10%. A @entity1 plasma sample from a prior analysis for S-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl) glutathione ( @entity33275 ) was found to have DETC @entity59017 as well. In other @entity1 plasma samples from 62.5mg/d and 250mg/d dosing, @entity33275 concentration peaks at 0.3 and 4nM at 3h followed by @entity59017 peaks of 11 and 70nM 2h later. Employing microdialysis sampling, DETC- @entity59017 levels in the nucleus accumbens ( @entity59017 ), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and plasma of @entity35 treated with DSF reached 1.1, 2.5 and 80nM at 6h. The correlation between the appearance and long duration of DETC- @entity59017 concentration in @entity35 brain and the persistence of DSF-induced changes in neurotransmitters observed by Faiman et al. (Neuropharmacology, 2013, 75C, 95-105) is discussed.

title: N-Acetyl-S-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl) cysteine in XXXX nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, and in @entity35 and @entity1 plasma after disulfiram administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The appearance of @entity66 in @entity320 surgical scars is a frequent finding that in some instances may cause @entity911 with a @entity320 persistence. Nevertheless, only a few papers have dealt with this subject in the dermatologic literature. The @entity320 surgical scars of 60 consecutive @entity1 were reviewed with special attention to the presence of pigmentation and its clinical characteristics. Simultaneously, the scars of 60 consecutive @entity1 who had been subjected to excision of a @entity1489 were also studied. Biopsies were performed in representative clinical cases of @entity66 arising on the scars of both groups, as well as in non-pigmented scars, and processed for @entity1710 - @entity1711 and immunohistochemistry. @entity66 were present in a similar percentage in both groups (30% in @entity320 (18/60) and 25% in @entity320 (15/60)). Clinically, three types of clinical pigmentation were observed: lentigine-like lesions; pigmented streaks in scars after direct closure; and diffuse pigmentation in grafts. Histologically, two patterns emerged: one with @entity1373 , @entity2117 , and a normal or moderately increased number of melanocytes; and a second one characterized by @entity1373 of a variable degree. The scar process itself, irrespective of the @entity5 excised, seems to be responsible for the pigmentation. We suggest the existence of an induction process of scar tissue acting on melanocytes of the overlying epidermis.

title: Melanotic pigmentation in excision scars of melanocytic and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesions', 'Pigmented lesions']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin tumor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic hyperplasia', 'lentiginous epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'non-melanoma scars', 'melanoma scars']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['non-melanocytic skin tumors']


abstract: Incessant @entity4710 may lead to a reversible @entity1002 . This issue was investigated in 10 @entity1 (aged 64 +/- 13 years) who underwent radiofrequency His bundle ablation for control of drug refractory, chronic @entity955 (n = 9) and recurrent @entity956 (n = 1). LV function was assessed by 2-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography within 24 hours (baseline) and 49 +/- 18 days (follow-up) after successful ablation, both during VVI pacing at 70 beats/min. Fractional @entity3207 increased from 28 +/- 9% at baseline to 35 +/- 8% at follow-up (p = 0.006). This increase in fractional @entity3207 was due to a significant reduction of end-systolic diameter from 41 +/- 10 to 36 +/- 10 mm (p = 0.02), whereas there was no appreciable change in end-diastolic diameter (56 +/- 7 to 55 +/- 10 mm; p = 0.5). These changes were substantially greater in @entity1 with baseline impairment of LV function (fractional @entity3207 less than 27%). Fractional @entity3207 increased by 12% (p = 0.14) in @entity1 with normal LV function (n = 5) and by 44% (p = 0.02) in those with impaired LV function at baseline (n = 5). The greater increase in fractional @entity3207 in @entity1 with preexisting @entity1002 was due to a more pronounced decline in end-systolic dimensions (-11.9%; p = 0.08) compared with that of @entity1 with normal LV function at baseline (-9.21%; p = 0.2). End-diastolic diameter showed no significant change in either group (-3.53% [p = 0.8] and -0.58% [p = 0.4]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improvement in left ventricular systolic function after successful radiofrequency His bundle ablation for drug refractory, chronic XXXX and recurrent @entity956 .

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of left ventricular (LV) function', 'LV impairment']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Male Dunkin Hartley @entity840 , actively sensitized to ovalbumin (OA) and pretreated with @entity8765 (1 mg/kg i.p.), were challenged with OA as an aerosol. Histological analysis of the lung for eosinophils (EOs) showed significant accumulations in the submucosa of the airways (8 h: 1.477.3 +/- 43 EOs/mm2 airway, n = 3, p less than 0.01), after antigen challenge compared to saline control (478.6 +/- 104 EOs/mm2 airway, n = 4). Pretreatment with both @entity8765 and @entity4444 (10 mg/kg i.p.) did not affect this response. Aerosolization of OA to unsensitized @entity840 resulted in no significant accumulation of EOs (360.2 +/- 49 EOs/mm2 airway, n = 4) when compared with the saline-challenged sensitized control group. Pretreatment with the leukotriene (LT)D4 receptor antagonist @entity7359 (1 mg/kg p.o.) significantly inhibited the OA-induced EO migration (95 +/- 5% inhibition, n = 5, p less than 0.01) compared to vehicle in the presence of @entity8765 and @entity4444 , while @entity3352 (3 mg/kg p.o., n = 4) had no effect. Aerosolization of synthetic LTC4 (0.3-30 micrograms/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent migration of EOs into the submucosal layer over 8 h, reaching significance at the 10-micrograms/ml dose, with comparable results obtained with LTD4. Pretreatment of animals with @entity7359 (1 mg/kg p.o.) before LTC4 and LTD4 aerosol results in inhibition of the response in both cases, suggesting that this effect may be mediated through the @entity59989 . We conclude that peptide LTs produce @entity1712 in the airways of the @entity840 .

title: Peptide leukotriene involvement in pulmonary eosinophil migration upon antigen challenge in the actively sensitized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Genetic predispositions to @entity14 can schematically be divided in two categories depending on the presence or absence of a diffuse @entity1412 i.e.: a large number of @entity6523 and rectum of affected @entity1 . These syndromes are referred as @entity1412 and @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) respectively. The gene which when altered causes @entity1412 is called @entity1412 and has been identified in 1991 but the function of its product remained elusive. Recent experimental data indicate that the @entity1412 protein can interact with catenins and tubulins, two groups of proteins known to be components of adherens junctions and cytoskeleton. Thus the @entity1412 protein may play a role in cell adhesion and in transduction of signal regulating the cell cycle. Of more immediate clinical interest is the observation that specific @entity1412 mutations appear to participate in the severity of the disease and determine the development of @entity1184 of the retinal pigment epithelium, a diagnostically important manifestation of the @entity1412 found in 70% of the @entity1 . @entity4309 have been recognized as being frequently associated with a defect in the DNA mismatch repair pathway. Furthermore, @entity1 genes, demonstrating homology with the bacterial DNA repair genes MutS and MutL, have been identified and shown to be altered in several @entity4309 families. There are now indications that genotyping of @entity5 DNA at particular loci, termed microsatellite, may contribute in the identification of @entity1 genetically predisposed to @entity5 development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Genetic predispositions to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['HNPCC syndromes', 'hereditary non polyposis colon cancer', 'HNPCC']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps in the colon']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis coli', 'polyposis', 'APC disease', 'APC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Research on @entity5 prevention and therapy must focus on the refractory disease, the @entity5 that develops in @entity1 with organ-related solid @entity5 . @entity5 develop spontaneously in @entity5 or in relapsed cases after failed therapy. Because neither prevention nor therapy is currently feasible, @entity5 is a major impediment to survival. There is a great need for an animal model of @entity263 ( @entity263 ), one that develops @entity5 from initial premalignant to the terminal refractory stages. We describe here a model of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) that develops spontaneously through two stages by endogenous mechanisms in the Lobund- @entity35 (LW) @entity35 . The early premalignant, @entity251 (T)-dependent stage is promoted by high levels of endogenous T, and up to age 12 months is reversible by T deprivation; without this intervention, the tumorigenic process progresses to the refractory stage, which is highly aggressive and does not respond to T deprivation or to a wide range of therapies. Initial @entity5 are palpable at approximately 18 months of age. As they continue to grow, the @entity5 express characteristics seen in refractory @entity5 in @entity1 (i.e., @entity519 , expression of @entity519 -inducible factors, and @entity3 ). @entity576 in LW @entity35 manifest the same two developmental stages, but with shorter latency periods. A transplantable, metastasizing cell line (PAIII) was derived from a germfree LW @entity35 with @entity5 . Both spontaneous and chemically induced autochthonous @entity263 model systems serve as outstanding models for studies on the prevention and therapy of @entity5 .

title: @entity263 in the Lobund- @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity576 :: ('MESH:D064419', 'Disease') :: ['Chemically induced HRPCs']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'PC', 'HRPC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage cancer', 'refractory cancer', 'cancers', 'refractory tumors', 'cancer', 'Refractory cancers', 'advanced-stage tumors', 'tumors', 'fatal end-stage of cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Whether nasogastric or @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) prevents @entity834 , hastens the return of bowel function, and shortens hospital stay after gastrectomy for @entity356 has long been controversial. We evaluated the necessity of routine @entity5663 after radical gastrectomy for @entity356 with a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched literature published prior to January 2014 in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and BIOSIS Previews for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Only prospective RCTs comparing individuals with and without @entity5663 after gastrectomy for @entity356 were included. Outcome measures included time to first flatus, time to starting oral diet, @entity834 , @entity358 , wound @entity6783 , length of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.2 software was used for the meta-analysis. Eight RCT studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Of the 1,141 @entity1 in those RCTs, 570 received nasogastric or @entity5663 and 571 did not. @entity834 , @entity358 , wound @entity6783 , morbidity, and mortality were comparable between the groups. Stratified by the type of gastrectomy or gastrojejunostomy, no significant differences in above mentioned outcomes were observed in subgroup analyses. The no @entity5663 group displayed a significantly shorter time to oral diet (weighted mean difference [WMD]   =   0.45, 95  % confidence interval [CI]   =   0.29 to 0.61, p   <   0.001) and a marginally shorter end of hospital stay (WMD   =   0.48, 95  % CI   =   -0.01 to 0.98, p   =   0.05). The @entity5663 group significantly shortened time to first flatus (WMD   =   -0.7, 95  % CI   =   -1.13 to -0.27, p   =   0.001), especially with Roux-en-Y reconstruction (WMD   =   -1.0, 95  % CI   =   -1.52 to -0.48, p   =   0.0002) and prolonged time to starting oral diet (WMD   =   0.52, 95  % CI   =   0.13 to 0.90, p   =   0.009) in the @entity1 with subtotal gastrectomy. Routine @entity5663 appears to be unnecessary after gastrectomy for @entity356 , irrespective of the extent of resection, and the type of digestive reconstruction.

title: Is Nasogastric or Nasojejunal Decompression Necessary Following Gastrectomy for XXXX ? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['nasojejunal decompression', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity305 ( @entity305 ) is common complication of type 2 @entity6 (T2DM). In this work we investigated the role of oxidative damage in connection with particular polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and their repair capacity. MATERIAL/METHODS: Materials constitute the peripheral blood of @entity1 with T2DM with and without @entity305 and control subjects without disturbance of the @entity1735 fraction. The study of gene polymorphisms which products take part in base excision repair (BER) pathway: 726 @entity2596 /Ala adenosine diphosphate @entity13338 transferase ( @entity12982 ), 324 His/Glu MutYhomolog (MUTYH) and 148 Asp/Glu @entity1 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) method. The study of DNA damage induced by @entity273 and the efficiency of their repair was carried out using comet assay. RESULTS: None of the 3 polymorphisms were associated with the risk of @entity305 . However, in group of @entity1 together with T2DM and T2DM/ @entity305 726 Ala @entity12982 allele was significantly susceptible to increased risk of T2DM (OR=1.59; 95% CI: 1.08-2.36). Investigation of DNA damage and repair revealed that T2DM @entity1 have decreased ability to DNA repair. This capacity even drops down in the group of T2DM/ @entity305 @entity1 compared to subjects with @entity6 alone. @entity12982 and APE polymorphisms were significantly associated with higher DNA damages (P<0.05) in heterozygous and mutant homozygous in correlation to homozygous wild type, but for MUTYH polymorphism relation was not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Pathogenesis of T2DM and development of @entity305 may be related to oxidative stress connected with BER gene polymorphisms.

title: Analysis of oxidative DNA damage and its repair in Polish @entity1 with XXXX : Role in pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['Distal symmetric polyneuropathy', 'DSPN']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus type 2']


abstract: AIMS: @entity5036 ( @entity5036 ) early during @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is often considered high risk for mortality. Little is known about how different @entity5036 types influence prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity432 -2 trial recruited 17 073 @entity1 with @entity1109 lasting >30 min and either ST elevation with or without @entity714 ( @entity714 ) or presumed-new @entity714 ( @entity714 ). Electrocardiograms were performed before and 60 min after the start of fibrinolytic therapy. Using @entity1 with normal intraventricular conduction as a reference, odds ratios (ORs) for 30-day mortality were calculated for different @entity5036 types ( @entity714 , @entity714 with anterior @entity583 , and @entity714 with @entity4156 ) present at randomization and/or 60 min, with adjustment for recruitment region, pre-infarction characteristics, time to randomization, hemodynamics, and Killip class. At randomization, the 873 @entity1 (5.11%) with @entity5036 had worse baseline characteristics than @entity1 without @entity5036 . In @entity1 presenting with @entity714 (n=300), the ORs for 30-day mortality were 1.90 (95% CI 1.39-2.59) before and 0.68 (0.48-0.99) after adjustment for other prognosticators. In @entity1 presenting with @entity714 (n=415) and anterior @entity583 , the ORs were 3.52 (2.82-4.38) before and 2.48 (1.93-3.19) after adjustment. In @entity1 presenting with @entity714 and @entity4156 (n=158), the ORs were 1.74 (1.06-2.86) before and 1.22 (0.71-2.08) after adjustment. Within 60 min, 143 @entity1 (0.92%) developed new @entity5036 . The adjusted ORs for 30-day mortality were 2.97 (1.16-7.57) in the 25 @entity1 with new @entity714 , 3.84 (2.38-6.22) in the 100 with new @entity714 and anterior @entity583 , and 2.23 (0.54-9.21) in the 18 with new @entity714 and @entity4156 . CONCLUSION: @entity714 accompanying anterior @entity583 at presentation and new @entity5036 (including @entity714 ) early after fibrinolytic therapy are independent predictors of high 30-day mortality. These electrocardiographic features should be considered in risk stratification to identify high-risk @entity1 .

title: Prognostic differences between different types of @entity5036 during the early phase of XXXX : insights from the @entity432 ( @entity432 )-2 trial.

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'LBBB', 'right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['Bundle branch block', 'BBB']

entities_list: @entity4156 :: ('MESH:D056989', 'Disease') :: ['inferior AMI']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment given to @entity3604 @entity1 by orthopaedists at major hospitals in China. METHODS: A 25-item quantitative questionnaire survey, categorized into five domains, including primary purpose of @entity170 treatment, anti- @entity170 therapy, @entity460 and @entity560 supplement, monitoring of @entity170 , and knowledge of @entity170 treatment, was designed to elicit information on orthopaedists' views on the treatment of @entity3604 . A pre-survey test was conducted with a sample of 40 orthopaedic specialists to confirm the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Each interview of the survey took approximately 15   min and did not directly involve any @entity1 . The survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews at 119 tier 3 hospitals in 28 cities across Mainland China. RESULTS: A total of 484 valid responses were received. Seven in ten respondents have >= 10   years of professional practice. While two-thirds believed that @entity170 treatment was to prevent @entity174 or @entity174 , 95.0% agreed that anti- @entity170 medication should be administered to @entity1 with a history of @entity174 . Three in four would prescribe anti- @entity170 medication perioperatively. Of these, 79.0% regarded @entity171 as the first-line drug. Approximately 86.0% of the 21-30   years cohort chose @entity171 compared to 71.4% for those with <= 10   years. More of the younger (<= 10   years) cohort chose calcitonin compared to their older (21-30   years) colleagues (25.7% vs 11.6%). The most commonly prescribed daily dose is 800   IU for @entity560 supplements and 600   mg/day for @entity460 . CONCLUSIONS: Our respondents generally adhered to guidelines for the treatment and management of @entity170 . A significant number had recommended lower dosages of @entity560 and @entity460 . Some differences exist between the younger cohort and their older colleagues in the prescription of pharmacological therapies. The criteria for initiating therapy should be more holistic and include other factors besides @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Our results demonstrated that more comprehensive guidelines for @entity170 management and a greater awareness of these guidelines by orthopaedists are needed to enable them to better manage their @entity1 .

title: Treatment and Management of XXXX : A Nation-wide Survey of 484 Senior Orthopaedists in China.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fragility fractures', 're-fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['Osteoporotic Fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the additional information provided by minimally invasive @entity413 monitors results in improved glycaemic control in @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity2690 -requiring @entity6 , and to assess the acceptability and health economic impact of the devices. DESIGN: A four-arm randomised controlled trial was undertaken. SETTING: @entity1 were recruited from secondary care @entity6 clinics in four hospitals in England. @entity1 : 404 @entity1 aged over 18 years with @entity2690 -treated @entity6 (types 1 or 2) for at least 6 months who were receiving two or more injections of @entity2690 daily were eligible. @entity1 had to have had two glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values > or = 7.5% in the last 15 months. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomised to one of four groups. Two groups received minimally invasive @entity413 monitoring devices [GlucoWatch Biographer or MiniMed Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System (CGMS)]. These groups were compared with an attention control group (standard treatment with nurse feedback sessions at the same frequency as those in the device groups) and a standard control group (reflecting common practice in the clinical management of @entity6 in the UK). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in @entity4051 c from baseline to 3, 6, 12 and 18 months was the primary indicator of short- to long-term efficacy in this study. Perceived acceptability of the devices was assessed by use and a self-report questionnaire. A health economic analysis was also performed. RESULTS: At 18 months all groups demonstrated a decline in HbA1c levels from baseline. Mean percentage changes in @entity4051 c were -1.4 for the GlucoWatch group, -4.2 for the CGMS group, -5.1 for the attention control group and -4.9 for the standard care control group. At 18 months the relative percentage reduction in @entity4051 c in each of the intervention arms was less than that in the standard care control group. In the intention to treat analysis no significant differences were found between any of the groups at any of the assessment times. There was no evidence that the additional information provided by the devices resulted in any change in the number or nature of treatment recommendations offered by the nurses. The health economics analysis indicated no advantage in the groups who received the devices; a lower cost and higher benefit were found for the attention control arm. Assessment of device use and acceptability indicated a decline in use of both devices, which was most marked in the GlucoWatch group by 18 months (20% still using GlucoWatch versus 57% still using the CGMS). The GlucoWatch group reported more side effects, greater interference with daily activities and more difficulty in using the device than the CGMS group. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous @entity413 monitors do not lead to improved clinical outcomes and are not cost-effective for improving HbA1c in unselected individuals with poorly controlled @entity2690 -requiring @entity6 . On acceptability grounds the data suggest that the GlucoWatch will not be frequently used by individuals with @entity6 because of the large number of side effects.

title: A randomised controlled trial to compare minimally invasive @entity413 monitoring devices with conventional monitoring in the management of @entity2690 -treated XXXX (MITRE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: 1. @entity19 cells undergo morphological differentiation in response to appropriate culture conditions. We have used patch clamp techniques to compare responses mediated by the 5-HT3 receptor in differentiated and undifferentiated @entity19 cells. 2. In differentiated cells, desensitization of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) responses was much slower than in undifferentiated cells. Desensitization in differentiated cells was also highly variable, with half-times varying by greater than 40-fold. Rapidly desensitized responses in differentiated cells were qualitatively similar to the responses of undifferentiated cells. 3. In outside-out patches from undifferentiated cells, single channel currents could be seen after @entity750 application. These channels had a conductance of 12 pS. The @entity750 -activated channels in differentiated cells were too small to observe at the single-channel level. Noise analysis indicated that the channel conductance was approximately 4 pS. In differentiated cells, both rapidly and slowly desensitized responses were generated by channels with essentially the same conductance. 4. The @entity750 responses of differentiated cells were also distinguished from those of undifferentiated cells on the basis of the voltage dependence of desensitization and the curvature of the current-voltage curve. 5. @entity19 cells can produce different receptor subtypes, which may be expressed in different tissues or at different stages of development. These variations in receptor behavior suggest that there are at least two distinct mechanisms for regulation of the 5-HT3 receptor.

title: Differentiation of XXXX cells alters channel conductance and desensitization kinetics of the 5-HT3 receptor.

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-HT', '5-hydroxytryptamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['NG108-15']


abstract: @entity11659 may follow life-threatening acute @entity788 . At delayed operation, the surgeon may not be able to delineate dead pancreas from dead adipose tissue. The question arises: has "gloved hand" debridement resulted in pancreatectomy? The histologists report only " @entity39 , of uncertain origin." To obtain objective data, pancreatography was performed in 13 @entity1 , 10 weeks to 23 months after onset of massive @entity39 . Each @entity1 had required delayed laparotomy for debridement and external drainage at some earlier stage of their illness. Pancreatography was correlated with the clinical assessment of @entity6 and @entity6123 . Except in specific cases involving internal fistulae, pancreatography has not been previously reported in such @entity1 . The results demonstrate that the main pancreatic duct usually maintained its normal length and configuration. Necrosis or stricture of the main duct, if it occurred, was more likely to be followed by @entity6 . @entity6123 was clinically detected in a single @entity1 only. The @entity39 tissue, up to several kilograms in wet weight, is largely dead adipose tissue. The pancreas, especially its head, is resistant to @entity39 , much more resistant than is the retroperitoneal fat.

title: Pancreatography after recovery from massive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'pancreatic necrosis', 'necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['Steatorrhea', 'steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity11659 :: ('MESH:D047508', 'Disease') :: ['Massive retroperitoneal necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['pancreatic necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tracheal intubation can elicit reflex bronchoconstriction in @entity1 with @entity565 or @entity1030 , complicating mechanical ventilation and weaning from mechanical support. In vitro studies of @entity1 and animal bronchial tissue indicate that alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation can lead to smooth muscle relaxation and prevention of bronchoconstriction. @entity6948 is a selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist approved for sedation in the intensive care unit. Whether @entity6948 can affect reflex bronchoconstriction is unknown. METHODS: After the approval of the institutional animal care and use committee, five mongrel @entity235 were anesthetized with thiopental, endotracheally intubated, and ventilated, and their airways were challenged with @entity112 . High-resolution computed tomography was used to measure airway luminal areas at baseline and after nebulized @entity112 . After recovery to baseline, on separate days, @entity6948 (0.5 microg/kg) was administered either intravenously or as an aerosol, and the @entity112 challenge was repeated. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity112 constricted the airways to 66 +/- 27% (mean +/- SD) (P < 0.0001) and 59 +/- 30% (P < 0.0001) of maximum on the days @entity6948 was administered by intravenous and inhalational means, respectively. After recovery, intravenous administration of @entity6948 blocked the @entity112 -induced bronchoconstriction (87 +/- 30.4% of maximum, compared with @entity112 alone (P < 0.0001), whereas @entity6948 administered by inhalation showed no protective effect (45 +/- 30% of maximum; P < 0.0001 compared with @entity112 alone). CONCLUSION: alpha2-Adrenoceptor stimulation with intravenous @entity6948 completely blocked @entity112 -induced bronchoconstriction in @entity235 . Therefore, @entity6948 might be beneficial to decrease airway reactivity in @entity1 with @entity1030 or @entity565 , particularly during weaning from mechanical ventilation, when neurally mediated airway reflexes may be elicited.

title: Effects of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist XXXX on bronchoconstriction in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vascular complications are an important adverse event that can be associated with spinal reconstructive surgery. Direct injury of vessels, or indirect traction or compression of vessels, can cause both arterial and @entity1317 . Indirect compression of the mesenteric vessels is a well-recognized complication of bracing and surgical care of @entity1 with @entity85 (superior mesenteric artery syndrome), but the complication is not common or well recognized in the adult population with @entity85 . The purpose of this case report is to detail the case of postoperative @entity5327 in a 63-year-old @entity1 in whom a posterior approach was used to perform @entity85 correction. Preoperatively, the @entity1 had had significant lumbar hypolordosis. The reconstructive surgery with the use of posterior-based osteotomies resulted in a shortening of the posterior column of the spine but a relative lengthening of structures anterior to the spine. The significant @entity1515 achieved by the surgery led to an acute worsening of the mesenteric @entity850 suffered by the @entity1 . He required a vascular surgery intervention to restore perfusion to the bowel. Recognition of severe @entity455 is important in anticipating potential @entity86 . This case report will inform surgeons and clinicians to have a higher index of suspicion for the exacerbation of @entity5327 , including mesenteric pathology, in @entity1 undergoing surgery that involves significant realignment of the spine. Preoperative recognition of @entity5327 and treatment of symptomatic disease may limit the occurrence of @entity455 in spinal reconstructive surgery.

title: @entity5327 following the correction of adult XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative vascular complications', 'vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative vascular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['venous injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency', 'mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformity']