abstract: The effect of 1 wk of supervised fasting on plasma lipid concentrations in subjects with different @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) phenotypes was studied in 58 healthy free-living volunteers. The @entity1 consumed an 870-kJ(208 kcal)/d liquid diet containing fruit and berry juices, tea, and water. The decline in plasma total @entity165 during 1 wk of fasting was 0.46 mmol/L in @entity1 and 0.35 mmol/L in @entity1 . The decreases were significant in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The response patterns of plasma total @entity165 were not significantly different between the sexes. In @entity1 , the changes in plasma low-density-lipoprotein @entity165 during the fast differed significantly (P = 0.0181) between the @entity2204 phenotypes, whereas in @entity1 there were no differences due to phenotype (P = 0.695). The magnitude of the change in plasma @entity1674 during the fast was different between the sexes (P = 0.0099). The changes in plasma @entity1674 differed significantly between @entity2204 phenotype groups in @entity1 (P = 0.0295) but not in @entity1 (P = 0.0661). Statistical comparison between different @entity2204 phenotypes was performed with and without the small apo E3,2+E2,2 group, with essentially similar results. During fasting, plasma high-density-lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations decreased slightly but not significantly. The study shows significant differences in the associations of @entity2204 alleles and sex on plasma lipid responses during fasting and illustrates the importance of gene-diet interactions in the regulation of lipid metabolism in @entity1 .

title: The effect of short-term fasting, XXXX gene polymorphism, and sex on plasma lipids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol', 'triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apo E', 'apolipoprotein E']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: A gel-electrophoretic screening for link proteins, @entity5967 ( @entity5967 ), and @entity21876 abnormalities was performed in fetuses, newborn @entity1 , and @entity1 with various types of @entity1610 . Microdissected freeze-dried sections of upper tibial growth cartilage were extracted with 4M @entity2097 in the presence of proteolysis inhibitors. After dialysis against 8M @entity1133 , the extracts were submitted to stepwise ion-exchange chromatography to separate the large proteoglycans (aggrecans) from the other components. The latter were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, electrotransferred onto nitrocellulose membranes, and reacted with specific antibodies. Control samples from individuals with apparently normal growth were analyzed in the same runs. Two link protein bands with abnormal electrophoretic migration were found in a sporadic case of @entity7126 , @entity30440 . Three link protein bands with the same migration as in the control samples were found in @entity7344 , homozygous achondroplasia, achondrogenesis type II, hypochondrogenesis, @entity2792 , @entity51985 , @entity13107 , and @entity336 . In several pathologic cases with normal electrophoretic pattern of the link proteins, small link protein fragments appeared after reduction. The gel electrophoretic pattern of @entity5967 was studied in @entity7344 , @entity336 , homozygous achondroplasia, fibrochondrogenesis, hypochondrogenesis, @entity2792 , and @entity45764 . In all these cases the pattern was the same as in the control samples. The main band of @entity21876 had a normal migration rate in fibrochondrogenesis, @entity51985 , @entity45764 , and @entity13107 . It was delayed in @entity336 .

title: Non-collagenous protein screening in the XXXX @entity1610 : link proteins, @entity5967 ( @entity5967 ), and @entity21876 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7344 :: ('MESH:D013796', 'Disease') :: ['thanatophoric dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7126 :: ('MESH:C537501', 'Disease') :: ['spondylometaphyseal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity336 :: ('MESH:C536170', 'Disease') :: ['diastrophic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity51985 :: ('MESH:C535943', 'Disease') :: ['Desbuquois dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['Goldblatt syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity30440 :: ('MESH:C537510', 'Disease') :: ['Kozlowski type']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Gene') :: ['cartilage oligomeric matrix protein', 'COMP']

entities_list: @entity13107 :: ('MESH:C535819', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoachondroplasia']

entities_list: @entity45764 :: ('MESH:C537207', 'Disease') :: ['Kniest dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity91 results in ipsilateral retrusion of the forehead and superior orbital rim, shortening the elevation of the orbital roof and @entity308 . This @entity91 is associated with the development of @entity7944 strabismus and aniso- @entity940 . Since 2004 endoscopic strip craniectomy performed in @entity1 by 3 months of age has been offered as an alternative to @entity2694 at 9 to 11 months of age. We compare the incidence and severity of @entity7944 strabismus and aniso- @entity940 in @entity1 treated by these 2 procedures. METHODS: A retrospective review identified 37 @entity1 with @entity91 treated with either @entity2694 or endoscopic strip craniectomy. Incidence and severity of @entity7944 strabismus, fundus excyclotorsion, and aniso- @entity940 was recorded for an "early" examination (between 2 and 14 months of age) and a "late" examination (between 14 and 45 months of age). RESULTS: Early examination revealed no statistical difference in severity of @entity7944 strabismus or aniso- @entity940 between the 2 groups. At late examination there was a trend toward greater severity of @entity7944 strabismus, an increase in excyclotorsion, and a statistically significant increase in the standard deviation of aniso- @entity940 in the cohort of @entity1 treated by @entity2694 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity91 treated by early endoscopic strip craniectomy may develop less severe @entity7944 strabismus, excyclotorsion, and range of aniso- @entity940 than those treated by later @entity2694 . This is an early, retrospective, nonrandomized study with a short follow-up period; longer follow-up is necessary to confirm these results.

title: Treatment of XXXX by endoscopic strip craniectomy or @entity2694 : Ophthalmologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral frontal bossing and orbital roof depression']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['fronto-orbital advancement']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral coronal synostosis', 'craniosynostosis', 'unilateral coronal synostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['unilateral coronal synostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed preferences for current health using the @entity227 ( @entity227 ), standard gamble (SG), @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), and willingness to pay (WTP) in @entity1 with @entity438 , a population vulnerable to @entity73 related to @entity439 or treatment. METHODS: We measured @entity227 , SG, @entity1054 , and WTP values for current health in 165 outpatients with @entity438 . We assessed @entity73 with the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ; scores < 24 = @entity73 ). We examined the distributions of preference responses stratified by cognitive status, and the relationship between preferences and @entity73 , @entity1 characteristics, and @entity439 history. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (7%) had @entity1032 scores < 24. The distribution of preferences responses from @entity1 with @entity73 had greater variance (SG, 0.39 vs. 0.21, P = 0.001; @entity1054 , 0.36 vs. 0.24, P = 0.017) and altered morphology ( @entity227 , P = 0.012; SG, P = 0.023) compared to the responses of unimpaired @entity1 . There was good correlation between most preference measures for unimpaired @entity1 ( @entity227 : @entity1054 , rho = 0.19, P = 0.018; SG: @entity1054 , rho = 0.36, P < 0.001; SG:WTP, rho = -0.33, P < 0.001) and a trend towards significance with another pairing ( @entity227 :WTP, rho = 0.16, P = 0.054). In subjects with @entity73 , there was a significant correlation only between @entity227 and @entity1054 scores (rho = 0.76, P = 0.023). Separate regression models showed that @entity73 was associated with lower preferences on the @entity227 (beta = -0.12, P = 0.048), SG (beta = -0.23, P = 0.002), and @entity1054 (beta = -0.17, P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: @entity73 is associated with lower preferences for current health in @entity1 with @entity438 . @entity73 @entity1 have poor inter-preference test correlations and different response distributions compared to unimpaired @entity1 .

title: XXXX and preferences for current health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analogue scale', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitively impaired', 'cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'aneurysm bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTO', 'time trade-off']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the surgical methods and therapeutic effects for the treatment of @entity173 . METHODS: From 2001 to 2006, 136 senility @entity1 (over 75-years-old) were reviewed in the study. Among the @entity1 , 37 @entity1 were male and 99 @entity1 were female, ranging in age from 75 to 97 years, with an average of 78.9 years (6 @entity1 over 90 years, and the highest age was 97 years). All the @entity1 were combined with chronicity internal medicine diseases. Thirty-four @entity1 were treated with non-operative method and other 102 @entity1 were treated with operative method. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up for an average of 12 months. In operation group, 9 @entity1 were dead within 1 year, and the mortality was 8.82%. And in non-operation group, 23 @entity1 were dead within 1 year, and the mortality was 67.65%. CONCLUSION: Operation treatment for @entity173 was effective to reduce complications, lower mortality. If the @entity1 can pull through the perioperative period successfully, the quality of life will be enhanced remarkably.

title: [Therapeutic effects for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['senile hip fractures']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['senile hip fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE:     To compare spectacles plus alternate-day patching for 8 hr or more with spectacles plus patching for 8 hr or more 6 days weekly to treat strabismic @entity4457 1 year after a 1-year randomized trial. METHODS: Forty @entity1 (mean age, 4.3 years) participated. Refractive correction was provided. The @entity1 were assigned to alternate-day patching for 8 hr or more or patching for 8 hr or more daily 6 days weekly. VA, binocular function, and @entity2516 were measured after 2 years. The main outcome measure was the median VA change in the amblyopic eye after 2 years. RESULTS: The median VA change in the amblyopic eye at the 2-year visit was significantly (p = 0.0453) greater with alternate-day patching (0.8 log unit) versus patching daily 6 days weekly (0.6 log unit). The final median VA in the amblyopic eyes was 0.0 logMAR in the alternate-day patching group and 0.1   logMAR in the daily patching group. Binocular function improved with both treatments. The median spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error @entity735 (alternate-day patching, p < 0.0001; patching daily 6 days weekly, p = 0.0033); no change was found in the amblyopic eyes in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of the VA change 2 years after treatment with spectacles plus alternate-day patching for 8 hr or more was significantly greater than with spectacles plus daily patching for 8 hr or more 6 days weekly for strabismic @entity4457 . However, the final median VA did not differ significantly between the two treatments.

title: Two-year follow-up of a randomized trial of spectacles plus alternate-day patching to treat strabismic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['increased in the fellow eyes']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: Sleep is fundamental to health and well-being, with @entity1 consistently reporting greater @entity25 than @entity1 , yet scant sociological research has examined gender differences in sleep quality. This paper analyses (i) gender differences in @entity25 , and (ii) how marital status differences in @entity25 differ among @entity1 and @entity1 . In both cases, the relative contributions of socio-economic status (SES), smoking, worries, health and @entity308 in explaining these gender and marital status differences are analysed. Logistic regression is used to analyse the British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2000, which interviewed 8578 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 16 to 74. @entity1 reported significantly more @entity25 than @entity1 , as did the divorced and widowed compared with married respondents. Gender differences in @entity25 were halved following adjustment for socio-economic characteristics, suggesting that SES inequalities play a major part in accounting for gender differences. This study casts doubt on the primacy of physiological explanations underlying gender differences in sleep. Marital status differences in sleep are greater among @entity1 than @entity1 , with previously partnered @entity1 reporting particularly @entity25 . However, this is largely explained by the more disadvantaged socio-economic circumstances of the previously partnered, especially for @entity1 . The paper concludes that gender and marital status differences are partly due to the lower socio-economic status of @entity1 and of the previously partnered.

title: Gender, marital status and XXXX in Britain.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problems', 'poor quality sleep']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep problems']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity13558 on symptomatic uterine @entity10401 . METHODS: This was a prospective intervention study carried out in a university department of obstetrics and gynecology. Forty-one premenopausal @entity1 eligible for hysterectomy with 45 uterine @entity10401 were enrolled and treated with @entity13558 1 mg daily for three cycles of 28 days each. The effect of treatment was evaluated on @entity2909 and uterine volumes, endometrial thickness, gonadotrophins, @entity53 and hematocrit levels, menstrual pattern, severity of @entity1109 , and adverse effects. The effects of @entity2909 location, size, and age of @entity1 on @entity5 volume changes were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 with 39 @entity10401 finished the study. @entity13558 resulted in a mean 55.7% reduction of @entity2909 volumes (163 mL to 72 mL, P<.001), a 29.9% reduction in total uterine volumes (278 mL to 195 mL, P<.001), and an 11.3% increase of the hematocrit levels (33.4% to 37.2%, P<.001) at the end of the treatment. @entity2909 location had no significant effect on volume decrease. @entity2909 volume decreased in @entity1 aged older than 40 years (P=.002), whereas no difference was found in @entity1 younger than 40. The size of large (greater than 50 mm) @entity10401 decreased significantly (P=.004). Less difference was observed in small (50 mm or less) @entity10401 (P=.031). No differences were detected in hormonal status. @entity13558 improved @entity2909 -related symptomatology and caused no serious adverse effects. CONCLUSION: In premenopausal @entity1 , @entity13558 reduces the size of uterine @entity10401 , improves symptomatology, and is generally well tolerated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: The effect of XXXX on symptomatic uterine @entity10401 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['Anastrazole', 'anastrazole']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity13558 :: (MESH:C090450,Chemical) :: ['anastrazole']


abstract: Preneoplastic @entity99 have been demonstrated in liver acini, which drain the blood from intraportally transplanted pancreatic islets in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 with mild persisting @entity6 . In long-term studies of this animal model, @entity8055 ( @entity157 ) developed after a sequence of characteristic preneoplastic @entity99 . In this experimental model, the @entity3190 is thought to have a causative role. Because insulin and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) @entity2270 are closely linked, an altered gene expression of the IGF @entity2270 components is likely. Therefore, preneoplastic @entity99 and @entity157 were studied for the expression of IGF @entity2270 components. Glycogen-storing "early" preneoplastic @entity99 were detectable several days after pancreatic islet transplantation. Northern blot analysis, in-situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical studies of these "early" lesions demonstrated increased expressions of @entity2135 and @entity10777 ( @entity10777 ) in altered parenchymal cells, and a decreased expression of @entity10681 . @entity2620 was not detected in these preneoplastic foci. @entity157 arising in this model had decreased expressions of @entity2135 and @entity10777 but @entity10681 expression was not significantly altered. Some @entity157 showed a more than 100-fold overexpression of @entity2620 , whereas other @entity5 were completely negative for @entity2620 expression. Low @entity7814 expression was detected in preneoplastic foci and adjacent nonaltered liver tissue. However, @entity157 tissue consistently showed an increased @entity7814 expression, rendering these tissues susceptible to the mitogenic effects of IGF. The altered gene expression in glycogen-storing preneoplastic @entity99 , especially the up-regulation of @entity2135 and @entity10777 with the down-regulation of @entity10681 , resemble the insulin-dependent regulation of these components in normal @entity35 hepatocytes. These data agree with previous studies demonstrating a correspondence of the focal character, morphology, and enzyme pattern of preneoplastic @entity99 with insulin effects on hepatocytes. The development from preneoplastic foci to @entity157 may be driven by insulin itself and/or an altered IGF @entity2270 component or yet unidentified factors.

title: Analysis of the IGF XXXX in preneoplastic @entity99 developing after low-number pancreatic islet transplantation into the livers of @entity3839 @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['local hyperinsulinism']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic foci']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the treatment of @entity320 , inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) is the standard of care for palpable or biopsy-proven lymph node @entity3 . Wound complications occur frequently after ILND. In the current study, the multicenter American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) was utilized to examine the frequency and predictors of wound complications after ILND. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity320 who underwent superficial and superficial with deep ILND from 2005-2010 were selected from the ACS NSQIP database. Standard ACS NSQIP 30-day outcome variables for wound occurrences-superficial @entity281 ( @entity281 ), deep @entity281 , organ space @entity281 , and disruption-were defined as wound complications. RESULTS: Of 281 total @entity1 , only 14  % of @entity1 had wound complications, a rate much lower than those reported in previous single institution studies. In a multivariable model, superficial with deep ILND, @entity28 , and @entity6 were significantly associated with wound complications. There was no difference in the rate of reoperation in @entity1 with and without wound complications. CONCLUSIONS: ACS NSQIP appears to markedly underreport the actual incidence of wound complications after ILND. This may reflect the program's narrow definition of wound occurrences, which does not include @entity2080 , @entity1410 , lymph leak, and @entity39 . Future iterations of the ACS NSQIP for Oncology and procedure-specific modules should expand the definition of wound occurrences to incorporate these clinically relevant complications.

title: Wound complications after inguinal lymph node dissection for XXXX : is ACS NSQIP adequate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Malignant metastases are rarely located in skeletal muscles. We report a case of @entity2220 disclosed by metastatic dissemination to the infraspinatus muscle. CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old @entity1 consulted for a @entity158 stiff right shoulder. @entity158 had developed progressively and did not respond to class 2 antalgesics. There was a complete loss of passive and active medial rotation while the other shoulder amplitudes were normal. A discrete tumefaction was palpated in the infraspinatus fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging alone was able to evidence an intramuscular tumoral formation within the infraspinatus. Surgical excision led to the diagnosis of metastatic @entity2220 and provided rapid @entity158 relief. Nearly normal medial rotation amplitude was recovered. The @entity1 died at 10 months from complications related to the @entity2220 . DISCUSSION: This is the first report of metastatic @entity2 located in the infraspinatus muscle. The clinical presentation was very exceptional, no similar cases being reported in the literature. In bloc surgical resection appears to be the best therapeutic approach, allowing positive diagnosis and relief of @entity158 and @entity2693 .

title: [An unusual shoulder XXXX : metastasis in the infraspinatus muscle as the first clinical manifestation of @entity2 ].

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2693 :: (MESH:C566112,Disease) :: ['stiffness']


abstract: An improved screening plate method for the detection of @entity535 decarboxylase-positive microorganisms (especially @entity880 bacteria) was developed. The suitability and detection level of the designed medium were quantitatively evaluated by confirmation of @entity6115 -forming capacity using an HPLC procedure. The potential to produce the biogenic @entity4478 (BA) @entity6114 , @entity112 , @entity7224 , and @entity7226 , was investigated in a wide number of @entity880 bacteria (LAB) of different origin, including starter cultures, protective cultures, type strains and strains isolated from different food products. Also, several strains of Enterobacteriaceae were examined. Modifications to previously described methods included lowering @entity413 and @entity2827 concentrations, and increasing the buffer effect with @entity4959 and @entity17500 . In addition, @entity2707 was included as a codecarboxylase factor for its enhancing effect on the @entity535 decarboxylase activity. The screening plate method showed a good correlation with the chemical analysis and due to its simplicity it is presented as a suitable and sensitive method to investigate the capacity of biogenic @entity6115 production by LAB. @entity6114 was the main @entity6115 formed by the LAB strains investigated. Enterococci, carnobacteria and some strains of lactobacilli, particularly of Lb. curvatus. Lb. brevis and Lb. buchneri, were the most intensive @entity6114 formers. Several strains of lactobacilli, Leuconostoc spp., Weissella spp. and pediococci did not show any potential to produce @entity4478 . Enterobacteriaceae were associated with @entity7226 and @entity7224 formation. No significant @entity112 production could be detected for any of the strains tested.

title: Improved screening procedure for biogenic XXXX production by @entity880 bacteria.

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxal-5-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity7226 :: ('MESH:D002103', 'Chemical') :: ['cadaverine']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyramine', 'tyramine']

answer: @entity6115 :: (CHEBI:32952,Chemical) :: ['amine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine which factors predict the occurrence of @entity339 after balloon dilatation of the mitral valve for @entity627 . DESIGN: Analysis of a case series of @entity1 with rheumatic @entity4794 who had had successful balloon dilatation of the mitral valve. SETTING: A tertiary care centre with an experience of over 150 balloon dilatations of the mitral valve. @entity1 : 70 young @entity1 with non-calcified @entity4794 , who had undergone successful balloon dilatation of the mitral valve. No @entity1 had @entity339 or @entity955 before dilatation. INTERVENTION: Dilatation of the mitral valve by the transvenous, transatrial double balloon technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Development of @entity339 after balloon dilatation of the mitral valve and its relation to age, mitral valve area before dilatation and after dilatation, the degree of mitral subvalvar pathology, and the size of balloon used for dilatation. RESULTS: In 10 @entity1 (14%) @entity339 developed after balloon dilatation of the mitral valve. No statistically significant differences were found between @entity1 who did not develop regurgitation and those who did in terms of age (mean (SD)) (19.9 (6.46) v 19.4 (5.5)), mitral valve area before dilatation (1.05 (0.33) v 0.94 (0.4) cm2) and after dilatation (2.52 (1.06) v 2.45 (1.1) cm2), mitral subvalvar pathology assessed by the mitral subvalvar distance ratio (0.116 (0.03) v 0.118 (2.32), or balloon diameter corrected for body surface area (21.37 (3.5) v 20.57 (2.32) mm/m2. CONCLUSIONS: In this subset of @entity1 and young adults with non-calcified @entity4794 , none of the morphological, technical, or @entity1 characteristics studied predicted the development of @entity339 after balloon dilatation. The low incidence of @entity339 may have reduced the discriminatory power of this study. None the less, the means and standard deviation for each factor in each group suggest that even in a larger sample size the variables would have little predictive capacity.

title: Can XXXX after balloon dilatation of the mitral valve be predicted?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve stenosis', 'rheumatic mitral stenosis', 'mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary objective was to assess whether oral analgesia with @entity1288 offers superior @entity158 relief after cesareans than @entity1 controlled analgesia (PCA). Secondary outcomes were additional @entity158 medication, time to first mobilization, therapeutic side effects, postoperative restrictions, overall satisfaction and costs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized controlled trial at a University Hospital conduct between July 2009 and November 2009. Of the 1,112 @entity1 , 257 met the inclusion criteria and 239 agreed to participate. @entity1 were randomly assigned to either receive intravenous @entity22730 PCA (2 mg @entity22730 /ml 0.9 % saline) or oral @entity1288 (20 mg). @entity158 was assessed on a visual analog @entity158 scale (VAS) at 2, 12, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 72 h after cesarean. RESULTS: No differences in VAS scores were observed within the general study population. @entity158 scores of @entity1288 versus PCA were comparable at 24 h. @entity1 randomized to @entity4901 demonstrated increased demand for rescue medication 48 h after cesarean (p = 0.057). In the PCA group, @entity1 with previous cesarean had increased operative times, a trend towards increased VAS scores after 48 h (p = 0.081) and increased VAS scores in comparison to @entity1 who did not have cesarean before (p = 0.044). For this subgroup, no difference was seen in the @entity1288 @entity1 (p = 0.883). CONCLUSION: General satisfaction with both treatment regimes was high. The results support the potential use of oral @entity158 regimes and emphasis the importance of a multimodal approach to treat post-cesarean @entity158 . Oral @entity1288 is a not expensive, convenient and comparable analgesic to PCA devices with opioids after cesarean. Trial registration at clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT 01115101.

title: XXXX management after cesarean: a randomized controlled trial of @entity1288 versus intravenous @entity22730 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity22730 :: ('MESH:D010892', 'Chemical') :: ['piritramide']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Because @entity1215 (RIF) induces hepatic enzymes and inhibits uptake transporters, dosing a drug that is a dual substrate of enzymes and uptake transporters on the final day of an inducing regimen should exhibit less inductive effect than dosing on the following day in the absence of RIF, since RIF decreases drug uptake into liver. In vitro and in vivo @entity35 studies were conducted using @entity6838 as a model substrate. @entity6838 was administered to an uninduced control group to obtain baseline values. The second group (induced with @entity619 ) received @entity6838 alone, mimicking administration of a test drug 1 day following completion of an induction regimen, whereas the third group (induced) received @entity6838 with RIF mimicking the concomitant dosing on the final day of an induction regimen. Results from hepatocyte concentration-time course studies showed that compared with uninduced control (26.9 +/- 1.3 microM . min/mg), @entity6838 area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) in induced cells when no RIF is present decreased significantly (13.7 +/- 0.9 microM . min/mg; p < 0.01), suggesting induction of @entity12531 . However, @entity6838 AUC for induced cells in the presence of RIF (27.3 +/- 0.9 microM . min/mg) matched the control. @entity35 pharmacokinetic studies showed that compared with @entity6838 clearance in uninduced controls (7.08 +/- 1.57 ml/min/kg), @entity6838 clearance in induced @entity35 increased 2-fold (15.6 +/- 3.7 ml/min/kg; p < 0.001), but when RIF was coadministered in the induced @entity35 , @entity6838 clearance (7.14 +/- 1.24 ml/min/kg) overlapped with control. That is, concomitant dosing of RIF and @entity6838 masked the inductive effect. To observe full inductive effects, test drugs should be administered 1 day after final dosing of RIF to minimize potential organic anion transporting polypeptide inhibition effects.

title: Elucidating the effect of final-day dosing of XXXX in induction studies on hepatic drug disposition and metabolism.

entities_list: @entity6838 :: ('MESH:D004077', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxin', 'Digoxin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the typing accuracy of conventional smear (CS), cell block (CB) preparations and combined use of both procedures (CS + CB) for the diagnosis of @entity99 and to determine whether immediate on-site cytopathological evaluation improves the diagnostic yield of liver fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). METHODS: Ultrasound-guided FNABs were performed on 323 consecutive cases with @entity409 between December 2002 and December 2004. Histologically and/or clinically correlated 167 cases were included in the study. Preliminary FNAB results, results of CS, CB, and combined use of CS and CB were compared regarding diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of @entity5 . Subtyping accuracies of different methods were also compared. RESULTS: The sensitivity of on-site cytopathological examination and CS were both 92.8%. The sensitivity of CS + CB was slightly better than that of CB (93.5% versus 84.8%). Specificity of all procedures was achieved 100%. Diagnostic accuracy of on-site cytopathological evaluation, CS, CB, and CS + CB were 93.9%, 93.9%, 87.2%, and 94.5%, respectively. A specific subtype diagnosis of @entity5 could be rendered accurately on the basis of preliminary diagnosis in 71%, CS in 75.4%, CB in 78.3% and combined approach in 92% of cases. In terms of typing accuracy, 87.5% of HCCs, 93.2% of @entity420 , 92.3% of @entity3270 , 100% of @entity706 and 100% of other @entity5 were correctly subclassified in the final cytopathological diagnosis. The agreement between preliminary diagnosis and final cytopathological diagnosis was 77.2%. CONCLUSION: With use of on-site cytopathological evaluation and combined use of CS and CB, the diagnostic accuracy of @entity96 approaches 100% and also significantly improve diagnostic and subtyping accuracy of @entity409 .

title: The diagnostic value of on-site cytopathological evaluation and cell block preparation in fine-needle aspiration cytology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver masses', 'liver malignancies']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinomas']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver masses']


abstract: The growth rate of piglets is limited by sow milk yield, which reflects the extent of epithelial growth and differentiation in the @entity3923 ( @entity3923 ) during pregnancy. @entity3848 (PRL) promotes both the growth and differentiation of the mammary epithelium, where the lactational success of @entity1707 is absolutely dependent on PRL exposure during late gestation. We hypothesized that inducing @entity4089 in primiparous gilts during late gestation by administering the @entity935 antagonist @entity2211 ( @entity13304 ) would increase @entity3923 epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, subsequent milk yield, and piglet growth. A total of 19 Yorkshire-Hampshire gilts were assigned to receive either no treatment (CON, n = 9) or @entity13304 (n = 10) twice daily from gestation d 90 to 110. Serial blood sampling during the treatment period and subsequent lactation confirmed that plasma PRL concentrations were increased in @entity13304 gilts on gestation d 91 and 96 (P < 0.001). Piglets reared by @entity13304 -treated gilts gained 21% more BW during lactation than controls (P = 0.03) because of increased milk production by these same gilts on d 14 (24%, P = 0.02) and 21 (32%, P < 0.001) of lactation. Milk composition did not differ between the 2 groups on d 1 or 20 of lactation. Alveolar volume within the @entity3923 of @entity13304 -treated gilts was increased during the treatment period (P < 0.001), whereas epithelial proliferation was unaffected by treatment. Exposure to @entity13304 during late gestation augmented the postpartum increase in mRNA expression within the @entity3923 for b-casein (P < 0.03), @entity6625 carboxylase-a (P < 0.01), lipoprotein lipase (P < 0.06), a-lactalbumin (P < 0.08), and @entity413 transporter 1 (P < 0.06). These findings demonstrate that late gestational @entity4089 enhances lactogenesis within the porcine @entity3923 and increases milk production in the subsequent lactation.

title: Late gestational XXXX accelerates mammary epithelial cell differentiation that leads to increased milk yield.

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl CoA']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'mammary glands']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: Apoptosis is an active type of cell death, occurring under several physiological and pathological conditions. The role of cellular organelles such as mitochondria in this process is still an open question. We recently described a new method to measure mitochondrial membrane potential in intact cells using flow cytometry. Using this method we studied alterations of mitochondrial membrane potential in a classical model of apoptosis, i.e., @entity619 -treated @entity35 thymocytes. Moreover, apoptosis induced by @entity1457 was also studied in the same cells. Mitochondria are functionally intact during the early phases of apoptosis, when DNA fragmentation occurs, whereas early alteration in their potential and mass takes place after DNA damage. According to flow-cytometric analysis, the presence of a hypodiploid peak, an index of nuclear DNA loss, predates depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and decrease of mitochondrial mass. Loss of plasma membrane integrity, which indicates cell death and is revealed by the permeability to @entity2667 , eventually follows. All these phenomena are more evident in @entity619 -treated cells than in heat-shocked cells. Thus, in these types of apoptosis the involvement of mitochondria is apparently not a primary event.

title: Mitochondrial modifications during XXXX thymocyte apoptosis: a study at the single cell level.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Despite prolonged immobility the desert frog, Cyclorana alboguttata, suffers @entity73 in muscle function. To determine compensatory mechanisms at neuromuscular junctions, transmitter release was examined along primary terminals in C. alboguttata iliofibularis muscle. Using extracellular recording we found the amplitudes of evoked endplate currents were significantly smaller in dormant frogs. In active frogs we identified two negatively sloping proximal-distal gradients of transmitter frequency and quantal content; a shallow proximal-distal gradient with low probability of transmitter release (<0.2) and a second much steeper proximal-distal gradient for quantal content with high probability release sites (>0.6). During aestivation, only a shallow gradient was identified. The high probability release sites in control frogs were inhibited during aestivation by a mechanism that could be reversed by (1) increasing the extracellular @entity460 concentration, and (2) increasing the frequency of stimulation. This suggests that transmitter vesicles are available during aestivation but not released. We quantified expression of messenger RNA transcripts coding for the transmitter vesicle-docking proteins @entity22880 , @entity56826 and @entity38774 . All three were rare transcripts maintained at control values during aestivation. Neuromuscular remobilisation after dormancy in C. alboguttata is more likely a product of rapidly reversible physiologic mechanisms than reorganisations of the neuromuscular transcriptome.

title: Role of XXXX and vesicle-docking proteins in remobilising dormant neuromuscular junctions in desert frogs.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['little impairment']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity20389 is a specific and direct-acting @entity7102 inhibitor superior to heparin as an anticoagulant. @entity7102 is a multifunctional molecule that acts as a @entity563 protease locally generated from prothrombin during @entity1003 related to @entity32 . We previously reported that @entity7102 might be involved in the inflammatory response, glial reaction, and scar formation that occurred in central nervous system (CNS). Here we studied the suppressive effects of @entity20389 on the @entity32 , @entity7229 -positive astrocytes, and @entity40 ( @entity40 )-positive astrocytes using @entity35 cerebral ablation models. @entity20389 and vehicle solution soaked in Gelform were administered to the cavity of the traumatic brain defect. Brains were examined by conventional histologic and immunohistologic technique. Antibodies for monocytes/macrophages, @entity40 , and @entity7229 were used to assess the infiltration of inflammatory cells and reaction of astrocytes. The number of the inflammatory cells, @entity7229 -positive astrocytes, and @entity40 -positive astrocytes were quantitatively analyzed. @entity20389 suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the increase in @entity7229 -positive astrocytes, but had no effects on the increase in @entity40 -positive astrocytes. These data suggest that @entity7102 may play an important role in inflammatory and glial responses to @entity149 , and that @entity20389 can be a candidate for the therapeutic agent that minimizes the secondary @entity75 following the @entity32 , and the glial reaction mediated by @entity7229 -positive astrocytes near the lesion site.

title: @entity20389 suppresses the invasion of inflammatory cells and the appearance of XXXX -positive astrocytes in the @entity35 cerebral ablation model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'injury and/or inflammation']

entities_list: @entity20389 :: ('MESH:D006629', 'Chemical') :: ['Hirudin', 'hirudin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS injury']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity7229 :: (81818(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['vimentin']


abstract: Distinct natural killer (NK) cell subsets (CD56bright and CD56dim) are mobilized with exercise and these cells may serve adaptive functions. We determined the distribution of NK cell subsets in response to exercise and @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) intake in young @entity1 and compared these responses with previous findings in young @entity1 of the same age. Twelve @entity1 (12 years old) cycled for 60 min at 70% VO2max while drinking 6% @entity435 or flavoured water. Blood was collected at rest, during (30 and 60 min) and following (30 and 60 min) exercise to identify NK cells as CD3-CD56bright or CD3-CD56dim. @entity7986 expression on total CD3- @entity2940 + cells was also determined. A trend (P=0.07) was found for a trial x time interaction in CD56dim cell counts, with values lower with @entity435 than with water. @entity435 intake did not influence CD56bright responses (P>or=0.39). The CD56bright:CD56dim ratio increased during recovery from exercise (P<0.001), compared to rest, with no effect of @entity435 intake (P=0.48). @entity7986 expression was not different between exercise or recovery and rest. Like young @entity1 , @entity1 experience an elevated CD56bright:CD56dim ratio during recovery from exercise and @entity435 intake attenuates the exercise-induced @entity2940 dim but not CD56bright cell response. Unlike young @entity1 , @entity1 do not experience a @entity435 -induced increase in the CD56bright:CD56dim ratio during recovery and @entity7986 expression does not increase on @entity2940 + cells during recovery. We conclude that even in young @entity1 sex-based differences exist in the NK cell response to exercise and @entity435 intake.

title: Evidence of sex-based differences in natural killer cell responses to exercise and XXXX intake in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Recently the near complete cDNA of the regulatory atrial myosin light chain ( @entity13470 ) was cloned. The atrial specific isoform has been shown to be a useful molecular marker for cardiac chamber specification. Therefore, the regulatory sequence of the gene will provide clues on cardiomyocyte differentiation and atrial specific transcription regulation. Here we report the identification of the @entity19 genomic sequence of the @entity13470 gene ( @entity13470 ). The entire 5' flanking region was identified and sequenced. In addition, the exon-intron boundaries and 3' flanking region were determined. Sequence comparison revealed the presence of the final exon (11) of the @entity19 @entity52378 gene on chromosome 11, 2.0 kb upstream of the @entity13470 transcription start site. In addition, we compared the structure of the gene to other myosin light chains to show evolutionary conservation. The intron-exon boundaries turned out to be highly conserved and an increasing intron size in more complex @entity1 species was found. At the @entity535 level there is 95% homology between the @entity1 and @entity19 @entity13470 sequence.

title: The XXXX atrial myosin light chain-2 gene: a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of contractile proteins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: A disruption in the balance between the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), has been implicated in the progression of many types of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to determine whether a specific MMP or @entity2843 has clinicopathologic and prognostic significance in @entity3123 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed 70 @entity1124 tissues for expression of @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity1549 , @entity1917 (matrilysin), @entity1495 , @entity1551 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 . The results were matched with clinicopathologic characteristics and @entity1 ' survival. The effects of the suppression of a specific MMP on in vitro invasiveness of @entity3123 cells were also examined. RESULTS: Expression of @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity1549 , matrilysin, @entity1495 , @entity1551 , @entity2843 , and @entity1552 was detected in either @entity5 cells or @entity5 stromal cells, or in both components, at varying frequencies. Among MMPs, matrilysin showed a unique distribution in the @entity5 nests; its expression was usually most pronounced at the invasive front of the @entity5 . Sections with immunostaining signals in more than 30% of @entity189 cells at the invasive front, which were observed in 40 cases (57%), were judged to be positive for matrilysin. Matrilysin positivity was significantly correlated with pT, pN, and pM categories and with more advanced pathologic @entity5 -node- @entity3 stages. @entity1 with matrilysin-positive @entity189 had a significantly shorter overall survival time than did those with matrilysin-negative @entity189 . Matrilysin was a significant independent prognostic factor for overall survival in multivariate analysis. In contrast, there was no correlation between the presence of other MMPs or TIMPs and clinicopathologic characteristics, nor was the presence of individual MMPs or TIMPs related to survival. Antisense matrilysin-transfected CFPAC-1 cells expressed reduced levels of matrilysin and demonstrated a similar growth potential but were less invasive in vitro compared with neotransfected CFPAC-1 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that matrilysin may play a key role in progression of @entity3123 and thereby contribute to a poor prognosis. Because different synthetic MMP inhibitors affect different types of MMPs to a different degree, examination of the expression of MMPs, especially that of matrilysin, may serve as an indicator for selecting the most effective MMP inhibitor.

title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in XXXX pancreatic adenocarcinomas: clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of matrilysin expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Introduction. @entity2909 uteri is one of the most common benign conditions for which @entity1 undergo hysterectomy every year. Fibroids found retroperitoneally are a rare entity, especially, primary retroperitoneal fibroid. Case Presentation. We report a case of 42-year-old para 1 who presented to our hospital with recurring @entity490 , and @entity546 . Provisional diagnosis on the basis of examination and imaging was large subserosal fibroid with mild right-sided hydroureteronephrosis, due to pressure effect of the fibroid. Abdominal hysterectomy was done for the @entity1 , and intraoperatively, a bulky uterus was found with multiple small fibroids on anterior and posterior walls, and a large fibroid approx. 10   8   cm was found arising from the posterior surface at the level of internal os retroperitoneally, which was confirmed by histopathology as @entity2909 . Conclusion. Retroperitoneal fibroids are rare neoplasms and treatment is surgical removal. Preoperative imaging can only give provisional diagnosis and can be misguiding. Final diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibroid can be made only intraoperatively.

title: A rare case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['retention of urine, lower abdominal and pelvic pain']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal leiomyoma']


abstract: LSP contents of sputum samples from @entity1 with chronic @entity1030 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit which was designed by Kuroki et al to examine whether a substance identical to lung surfactant contained in alveolar lining layer, is also contained in respiratory tract fluid or not in the ELISA kit. One antibody to LSP was conjugated to peroxidase and another one to LSP was fixed onto a bead. A neo-anionic detergent, @entity6000 and an anionic detergent, @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) were added to extraction medium to separate LSP from lung surfactant, and LSP reaction of sputum sample was maximal when the ratio of @entity6000 to @entity214 was in range of 1 to 4. Airway mucous glycoprotein (AMG) purified from sputum sample did not show any LSP reaction. In CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation of whole sputum, the LSP reaction was detectable only in the top fraction with density of about 1.40 and AMG was located in the fraction with a density of about 1.50. These results indicate that the LSP reaction of sputum sample is not due to false reaction caused by nonspecific binding of viscous AMG to the two antibodies to LSP, but to the existence of LSP. Therefore it was concluded that lung surfactant is contained in respiratory tract fluid. In general, the LSP concentrations in sputum samples were lower in purulent sputa than in mucoid or mucopurulent sputa, and lower in @entity1 with @entity11592 and bronchiectasia than in those with @entity2542 and chronic @entity3617 . It was shown that LSP was hydrolyzed by neutrophil leucocyte homogenate. These results suggest that LSP content of sputum is influenced by various factors such as @entity281 in the respiratory tract, and thus is useful to estimate pathological states of chronic @entity1030 .

title: [Lung surfactant apoprotein (LSP) content of sputum samples from XXXX with chronic @entity1030 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and disease']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

entities_list: @entity11592 :: ('MESH:C536174', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse panbronchiolitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity9805 is a second-generation dihydropyridine @entity460 antagonist selective for @entity101 . The aim of this study was to assess whether, in addition to reduce resting blood pressure, @entity9805 also affects the cardiovascular reactivity to physical and psychologic stress. Ten essential @entity101 @entity1 , out of treatment for at least 2 weeks, underwent a symptom-limited dynamic maximal exercise and a mental arithmetic stress test (MAT) after placebo (1 week) and 1 and 5 weeks of active treatment with @entity9805 (20 mg q.i.d.). To evaluate the cardiovascular response to exercise and its changes during treatment, the slope of the regression line (if statistically significant) of the blood pressure, heart rate, and @entity551 ( @entity551 ) values against workload were considered, together with exercise capacity, blood pressure, and pressure-rate product at the peak of maximal exercise. During mental stress, indexes of @entity64 volume (SVI), cardiac output (COI), and peripheral resistance (TPRI) were obtained by Doppler transcutaneous aortovelography ( @entity16491 ). Resting systolic and diastolic BP were significantly reduced during treatment. The average length of exercise was 7.3, 7.64, and 8.0 min after, respectively, placebo, 1, and 5 weeks of treatment. Peak systolic and diastolic BP, peak @entity551 , and @entity551 slope were consistently decreased after treatment, significantly for peak @entity13520 and @entity551 . During mental arithmetics, a significant @entity101 and a decrease of SVI were observed on placebo; both BP and SVI responses disappeared after 5 weeks on @entity9805 , whereas the HR increase was unchanged. Peak values of COI and TPRI during MAT were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, after @entity9805 , whereas basal values showed similar changes, but not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiovascular reactivity to physical and psychologic stress during long-term treatment with XXXX in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increase of BP and HR', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9805 :: ('MESH:D009568', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrendipine', 'nitrendipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['rate-pressure product', 'RPP']

answer: @entity9805 :: (MESH:D009568,Chemical) :: ['nitrendipine']


abstract: Immunization with a combination of several virulence-associated proteins is one of the strategies of developing effective protein-based vaccines to enhance the protection against @entity328 . In this study, we evaluated the protection effects against @entity7706 caused by @entity21824 in BALB/c @entity19 immunized with either single pneumococcal surface protein A ( @entity7251 ), pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC), the caseinolytic protease ( @entity56155 ) or their combinations. The median survival times for @entity19 immunized with single antigen or their combinations were significantly longer than that for @entity19 treated with adjuvant alone. @entity19 treated with a combination of three antigens survived significantly longer than those that received either single or two antigens. The highest survival rate of the various groups of @entity19 was observed with the combination of three antigens, this survival rate was significantly different from those for @entity19 that received either single antigen or the combinations of two antigens except the mixture of @entity56155 and @entity7251 . In the experiment of passive immunization with hyperimmune serums containing their specific polyclonal antibodies (anti- @entity7251 serum, anti-PspC serum, anti- @entity56155 serum), the median survival times for @entity19 immunized with hyperimmune serums containing specific polyclonal antibodies were significantly longer than that for control @entity19 , the treatment of serum containing only one single polyclonal antibody could not provide higher survival rate than control serum. However, the survival rates for @entity19 treated with the serums containing combined polyclonal antibodies were significantly higher than those for @entity19 treated with either control serum or anti- @entity7251 serum alone. Immunization with the combination of three hyperimmune serums also provided the best protection against @entity2260 . Compared to @entity19 treated with serum containing single polyclonal antibody, the survival rate for @entity19 treated with serums containing three polyclonal antibodies was significantly higher but was not different from those for @entity19 treated with serums containing two polyclonal antibodies. Our findings provided evidence that a mixture of @entity7251 , PspC, and @entity56155 or their polyclonal antibodies could enhance the protection against @entity7706 acting a synergetic effect.

title: Enhanced protection against XXXX elicited by immunization with the combination of @entity7251 , PspC, and @entity56155 .

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity7706 :: (MESH:D011008,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal infection']


abstract: Withdrawal of beta-blocker therapy has been associated with the development of @entity56 and adverse clinical effects in @entity1 with @entity453 and @entity101 . The aim of this study was to establish the occurrence and clinical significance of @entity56 after abrupt withdrawal of long-term beta blockade in @entity1121 . Beta-adrenergic sensitivity was measured using the @entity3044 chronotropic dose25. Symptom assessment chronotropic dose25 calculation, bicycle exercise, echocardiography and Holter monitoring were performed while the @entity1 received beta-blocker therapy and repeated on days 2, 4, 6, 8 (acute withdrawal period) and on day 21 after abrupt withdrawal. The study was terminated after 7 @entity1 had been studied because all @entity1 experienced a marked deterioration in symptoms and several clinical events had occurred. The chronotropic dose25 (mean +/- standard deviation) demonstrated beta 1- @entity56 with a minimal value of 1.6 +/- 0.8 micrograms during the acute withdrawal period compared with 3.8 +/- 1.7 micrograms on day 21 (p = 0.003). Heart rates during rest and exercise showed an overshoot increase during the acute withdrawal period. The maximal 24-hour ventricular ectopic count was higher during the acute withdrawal period than during day 21 (p = 0.04). Of 3 @entity1 with inducible outflow tract gradients, 2 developed resting gradients greater than 30 mm Hg during the acute withdrawal period. There was an increase in peak late filling velocity of mitral inflow after beta-blocker withdrawal. In conclusion, transient beta- @entity56 occurs after beta-blocker withdrawal in @entity1121 and is associated with significant physiologic changes and adverse clinical consequences.

title: Adrenergic @entity56 after beta-blocker withdrawal in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['adrenergic hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity32 and oxidative stress play a crucial role in the development of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and interference with these mechanisms represents a strategy in @entity14 chemoprevention. @entity208 , a safe molecular scavenger largely used as antigout agent, has been shown to increase survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity14 and to reduce @entity14 incidence in long-term gout users in epidemiologic studies. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled preoperative trial in subjects with @entity6523 to assess the activity of @entity208 on biomarkers of @entity14 . After complete colonoscopy and biopsy of the index polyp, 73 subjects with @entity2513 were assigned to either placebo or one of two doses of @entity208 (100 mg or 300 mg) and treated for four weeks before polyp removal. Change of Ki-67 labeling index in adenomatous tissue was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of NF-kB, @entity3546 , topoisomerase-II-a, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) in @entity6523 and normal adjacent colonic tissue. Compared with placebo, Ki-67 levels were not significantly modulated by @entity208 , whereas @entity3546 and NF-kB expression levels decreased significantly in adenomatous tissue, with a mean change from baseline of -10.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI), -20.5 to -0.7, and -8.1%, 95% CI, -22.7 to 6.5, respectively. NF-kB also decreased significantly in normal adjacent tissue (-16.4%; 95% CI, -29.0 to -3.8). No dose-response relationship was noted, except for NF-kB expression in normal tissue. @entity208 can inhibit biomarkers of oxidative activation in @entity6523 and normal adjacent tissue. Further studies should define its potential chemopreventive activity.

title: A randomized, placebo-controlled, preoperative trial of XXXX in subjects with @entity2513 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps', 'colorectal adenomatous polyps', 'colon adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinogenesis', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence rates, risk factors, and pattern of @entity308 in elderly Hispanic and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). METHODS: This survey was a community-based, cross-sectional survey of randomly selected Medicare recipients living in Bernalillo County (Albuquerque, New Mexico). The survey's objective was to examine the health and health-related issues of Hispanic and NHW elderly @entity1 (> or =65 years of age). As part of the survey, @entity1 were administered the Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS). RESULTS: Complete data were available on 798 subjects with a mean age of 73.7 years, age range 65-96. The prevalence of a GDS score > or =6 was: Hispanic males, 9.5%; Hispanic females, 19.2%; NHW males, 5.4%; and NHW females, 8.7%. Hispanics (P=.001) and @entity1 (P=.003) had higher prevalence rates. Sociodemographic variables, health, social support, and the activities of daily living (ADLs) were significantly related to symptoms. English skills (P<.0001) and birthplace (P=.011) were associated with symptoms in Hispanics. Significant differences were found in the response patterns between Hispanics and NHWs. Logistic regression analyses showed that ethnic differences were largely explained by differences in the level of education and income among Hispanics and NHWs. CONCLUSION: A difference was seen in the prevalence rates of @entity308 between Hispanic and NHW elderly @entity1 and between @entity1 and @entity1 . In addition to the traditional risk factors for @entity308 , we found that ethnic differences in prevalence rates can be largely explained by education and income differences in the two groups.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in new Mexico Hispanic and non-Hispanic white elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: Twenty-six adult outpatients suffering from @entity615 were observed in a clinical study. Treatment was multifaceted. A psychiatrist with a subspecialty in @entity158 management served as the coordinator of all treatments used. Treatment included biofeedback, physical therapy, behavioral-management program and @entity158 measurement scales, psychotherapy with @entity158 counseling, and medication. @entity1 were seen weekly for 4 months and observed for 1 year thereafter. Results of the study bore out the necessity of a coordinated multifaceted approach to treatment of @entity1118 . Strong emotional overlay was seen in all @entity1 . Stress, @entity308 , and secondary gain are symptoms that were addressed along with the physical symptomatology. @entity1 improved significantly. The @entity146 component serving as the anchor for treatment was viewed as a key to success. The emotional component present in @entity1118 must not be overlooked, because it plays a vital role in successful treatment.

title: XXXX : view from a psychiatrist's office.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['Chronic back pain']


abstract: Trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 12 is a rare chromosomal anomaly, with an estimated incidence of 1/50,000 births. It may present as a pure trisomy (complete or incomplete), as mosaic trisomy, or with other @entity2008 . Little is known from prior reports about the natural history and life expectancy of these individuals. In this study we describe the long-term outcome and the differences between @entity1 with mosaic @entity47940 compared to @entity1 with complete trisomy. We present a series of 16 @entity1 with @entity47940 ; 6 of them are older than 10 years. Most @entity1 were born at term with normal or above normal birth weight. Seven were born with @entity154 , but no @entity154 was present in more than one individual. A clear and consistent dysmorphic facial pattern was apparent in all of the subjects. Most @entity1 over 7 years old had a @entity302 . All individuals exhibited @entity245 with speech affected more severely than motor skills. Six @entity1 were described as "being social." Six had severe @entity146 , and seven had significant @entity25 . Facial features of the three adult @entity1 were different than the younger individuals. We show here that the outcome for @entity1 with mosaic @entity47940 is better than the outcome in @entity47940 or in @entity47940 with other @entity2008 . We also provide recommendations for the long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity47940 .

title: The natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['single anomaly', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity47940 :: ('MESH:C538299', 'Disease') :: ['complete trisomy 12p', 'trisomy 12p']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity47940 :: (MESH:C538299,Disease) :: ['trisomy 12p']


abstract: Despite strong linkage of @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) with human @entity1530 , its contribution to disease susceptibility is only 15%, and additional genetic factors are likely to be involved in @entity1691 . @entity1192 locus has been linked to @entity1691 in European population. Thus, we studied @entity1193 polymorphism in Indian @entity1 with @entity1691 . One hundred and sixty-two @entity1 with @entity1691 and ethnically matched healthy controls were included. @entity1193 variable number tandem repeat polymorphism was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). @entity1530 was done by amplification refractory mutation system PCR. Clinical details regarding severity of @entity66 , presence of @entity625 , and extra-articular manifestations were collected. The mean age of these 162 @entity1 was 35 years, and the mean duration of disease was 10.8 years. Of these 162 @entity1 , 137 were @entity1530 positive. The commoner alleles-- @entity1193 *1 and @entity1193 *2--together accounted for 99.5% of the @entity1193 alleles in the control population and 98.5% of the cases. The allele frequency as well as the carriage rate of allele @entity1193 *2 were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1691 than the control populations (26.3 vs 16.2% and 41.97 vs 22.5%, respectively; p=0.015 and 0.0002). The @entity1193 *2 allele was not associated with any difference in clinical disease expression. The @entity1193 *2 allele is a susceptibility marker for @entity1691 in the Indian population but does not influence disease phenotype.

title: XXXX *2 allele of IL-1receptor antagonist VNTR polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to ankylosing [corrected] spondylitis in Indian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1530 :: ('3106', 'Gene') :: ['HLA B27', 'leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['articular disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1Ra', 'IL-1RN', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

answer: @entity1193 :: (3557,Gene) :: ['IL1RN']


abstract: We examined the effect of smoking on bone mineral density (BMD), rates of @entity604 , and fractional whole-body retention of 47Ca in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 enrolled in a 2-year @entity460 supplementation trial. Bone density was measured by single- and dual-photon absorptiometry. BMD of the radius at the study baseline was inversely related to pack-years of exposure when controlled for body mass index and years since menopause (partial r = -0.18, p = 0.05, n = 125). The adjusted mean (+/- SD) annualized rate of bone change from the radius was greater among smokers than nonsmokers (-0.914 +/- 2.624%/year, n = 34, versus 0.004 +/- 2.568%/year, n = 278, respectively; p = 0.05). Similar trends were observed at the femoral neck, os calcis, and spine. Rates were were adjusted for @entity5834 intake, @entity167 use, supplement type, and, at the spine only, menopausal status. At entry into the trial higher serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and lower levels of total and ionized @entity460 were found in smokers compared to nonsmokers. These differences did not persist with supplementation. In 44 @entity1 studied fractional 47Ca retention was lower in the 8 smokers than the 36 nonsmokers (16.6 versus 19.1%, respectively; p = 0.03). These results demonstrate an increased rate of @entity604 at the radius after menopause and suggest that smoking is associated with decreased @entity460 absorption.

title: Smoking and @entity604 among postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2453 reductase inhibitors are widely prescribed for @entity407 , yet their effect on the evolution of @entity453 has not been defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: To address this issue, 331 @entity1 with diffuse but not necessarily severe @entity453 documented on a recent arteriogram and with fasting serum @entity165 between 220 and 300 mg/dL were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. All @entity1 received intensive dietary counseling. @entity5753 or placebo was begun at 20 mg/d and was titrated to 40 and 80 mg during the first 16 weeks to attain a fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 < or = 130 mg/dL. The mean @entity5753 dose was 36 mg/d. Coronary arteriography was repeated after 2 years. In 299 @entity1 (90%), 3858 coronary segments containing 2309 stenoses were measured blindly on pairs of films with an automated computerized quantitative system. Total and LDL @entity165 decreased by 21 +/- 11% and 29 +/- 11%, respectively, in the @entity5753 -treated group but changed by < 2% in placebo @entity1 . The primary end point, coronary change score, defined as the per- @entity1 mean of the minimum lumen diameter changes (follow-up minus baseline angiogram) for all lesions measured, excluding those < 25% on both films, worsened by 0.09 +/- 0.16 mm in the placebo group and by 0.05 +/- 0.13 mm in the @entity5753 group (P = .01). Progression (a worsening in minimum diameter of one or more stenoses by > or = 0.4 mm) with no regression at other sites occurred in 48 of 146 @entity5753 and 76 of 153 placebo @entity1 (33% versus 50%, P = .003). New coronary lesions developed in 23 @entity5753 and 49 placebo @entity1 (P = .001). The beneficial effect of treatment was most pronounced in the more numerous, milder lesions and in @entity1 whose baseline total or LDL @entity165 levels were above the group median. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5753 slows the progression of @entity453 and inhibits the development of new coronary lesions.

title: Effects of monotherapy with an @entity2453 reductase inhibitor on the progression of @entity453 as assessed by serial quantitative arteriography. The Canadian XXXX Intervention Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Atherosclerosis']


abstract: Somatic immunoglobulin diversity is generated in avian species by sequential gene conversion of variable (V) gene segments of the immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain loci during B-cell development. The germ line pools of donor sequence information for somatic V-region gene conversion are found in families of V pseudogenes, located 5' of the single functional V gene of each locus. The sequence relationships among the pseudogenes ( @entity10389 ) and functional VL1 gene of the @entity1573 light-chain alleles in three inbred strains were compared to determine the extent of diversity within the germ line pseudogene cluster. Numerous differences were observed. For example, compared with the previously reported CB allele and the G4 allele, the S3 allele contains two intact pseudogenes between psi VL16 and psi VL18. These two adjacent @entity10389 gene segments (psi VL17a and psi VL17b) could have given rise to the psi VL17 segment of the G4 and CB alleles by homologous recombination. The majority of other sequence polymorphisms among the @entity10389 alleles appear to be the result of meiotic gene conversion. The incidence of untemplated mutations within @entity10389 segments is significantly lower than the incidence of mutation within the pseudogene flanking regions. Together with the observations that most @entity10389 segments have open reading frames and lack stop codons, these data support the hypothesis that the psi @entity10389 resembles a functional multigene family maintained by evolutionary selection for its functional role in generating somatic antibody diversity. Meiotic gene conversion events within the psi @entity10389 serve both to introduce diversity by the exchange of short segments between family members and to prevent the accumulation of random mutations.

title: Germ line maintenance of the pseudogene donor pool for somatic immunoglobulin gene conversion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10389 :: ('MESH:C536141', 'Disease') :: ['VL cluster', 'psi VL']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study assessed the antibiotic resistance organisms isolated from the blood and bile of acute @entity255 and evaluated risk factors associated with them and their impact on clinical outcomes. METHODS: The identities and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from 433 cases of acute @entity255 from 346 @entity1 were analyzed. Risk factors and the outcomes of @entity1 infected with them were assessed. RESULTS: Microorganisms were isolated from 266 of 419 blood cultures and 256 of 260 bile cultures. Isolates from bile and blood were identical in 71% of the cases. A total of 20 extended spectrum-b-lactamase (ESBL)-producers and 4 carbapenemase-producing organisms were isolated from blood, and 34 ESBL-producers and 13 carbapenemase-producers were isolated from bile. Sixty-four (14.8%) cases were infected with any one of these bacteria isolated from blood or bile. Risk factors associated with them in blood were @entity580 and prior biliary intervention. In bile, indwelling biliary device was a risk factor associated with them. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were associated with mortality, independent of other prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: ESBL or carbapenemase-producing bacteria were frequently isolated in acute @entity255 @entity1 especially with prior biliary intervention and @entity580 . Isolation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was an independent risk factor of mortality.

title: Extended Spectrum-b-Lactamase or Carbapenemase Producing Bacteria Isolated from XXXX with Acute Cholangitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Benign @entity1263 are divided into @entity808 , @entity3292 and @entity4847 . In recent years, @entity5 with hybrid features, composed of multiple, discrete areas of different histological types, were described. These @entity5 may represent a diagnostic challenge. A 24-year-old @entity1 with @entity15 was found to have a 1.3 cm TV   0.7 cm @entity22944 intermediate lesion within the left internal auditory canal. Gross examination revealed a tan-white, well circumscribed mass. Histologic examination demonstrated a well demarcated, cellular, solid @entity5 with a biphasic pattern. Most of the @entity5 was composed of spindle cells arranged in fascicles with focal @entity1053 formation and diffuse S100 positivity. A second, minor area showed concentric proliferation of neoplastic spindle cells around one or more axons. @entity5 cells in this area were positive for perineurial markers, @entity3670 and @entity1365 , and focally immunopositive for @entity2280 .We present here a case of a benign @entity1263 with histological and immunohistochemical features consistent with a dual pattern of differentiation of @entity808 and @entity4847 , in the VIIIth cranial nerve. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of a hybrid @entity4847 / @entity808 reported in a cranial nerve.

title: 24-year-old @entity1 with an internal auditory canal mass. Hybrid XXXX with @entity808 / @entity4847 components.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumors', 'peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Verocay body']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['perineurioma', 'perineuriomas']

answer: @entity1263 :: (MESH:D010524,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumor']


abstract: Experimental data have suggested that the pineal hormone @entity2493 (MLT) may counteract chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression and immunosuppression. In addition, MLT has been shown to inhibit the production of free radicals, which play a part in mediating the @entity137 of chemotherapy. A study was therefore performed in an attempt to evaluate the influence of MLT on chemotherapy @entity137 . The study involved 80 @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 who were in poor clinical condition ( @entity2 : 35; @entity0 : 31; gastrointestinal tract @entity5 : 14). @entity2 @entity1 were treated with @entity900 and @entity2879 , @entity0 @entity1 with mitoxantrone, and gastrointestinal tract @entity5 @entity1 with @entity1487 plus @entity26457 . @entity1 were randomised to receive chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus MLT (20 mg/day p.o. in the evening). @entity882 was significantly less frequent in @entity1 concomitantly treated with MLT. Malaise and @entity1395 were also significantly less frequent in @entity1 receiving MLT. Finally, @entity3136 and @entity16 were less frequent in the MLT group, albeit without statistically significant differences. @entity1665 and @entity391 were not influenced by MLT. This pilot study seems to suggest that the concomitant administration of the pineal hormone MLT during chemotherapy may prevent some chemotherapy-induced side-effects, particularly myelosuppression and @entity16 . Evaluation of the impact of MLT on chemotherapy efficacy will be the aim of future clinical investigations.

title: Treatment of @entity5 chemotherapy-induced XXXX with the pineal hormone @entity2493 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define both the natural history of and prognostic factors affecting outcome post relapse from a complete response in advanced stage @entity4812 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 468 @entity1 aged 17-74 years received the 12-week duration chemotherapy regimens MACOP-B, VACOP-B and ACOP-12 between 1 April 1981 and 31 December 1995 for advanced stage diffuse large, mixed or @entity706 . Of these 402 entered a complete remission, 97 (24%) of whom subsequently relapsed. Initial staging data, follow-up, and relapse information were analyzed to define the natural history of relapse and also subjected to univariate and multivariate correlation with overall ( @entity3012 ) and @entity177 ( @entity177 ). RESULTS: Eleven percent of the relapses were low grade. All other relapses were of intermediate grade with 75% occurring within the first two years, the remainder up until the eleventh year. Median and five-year @entity3012 from the time of relapse for intermediate grade relapse were 12 months and 20%; for @entity177 they were eight months and 18% respectively. Adverse independent factors, for both @entity3012 and @entity177 were: less than one year to relapse, decreasing performance status at relapse, and more than three nodal sites at relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Low-grade relapse is not uncommon in @entity1 who initially presented with @entity4812 . As the management of low- and intermediate grade disease is so different biopsy proof of the nature of the relapse is of value. The prognostic factors identified need to be taken into consideration when analyzing results from trials of secondary treatment so as to avoid erroneous conclusions about comparative treatment efficacy.

title: Advanced XXXX treated with 12-week combination chemotherapy: natural history of relapse after initial complete response and prognostic variables defining outcome after relapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['immunoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse large cell lymphoma', 'diffuse large-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['failure free survival', 'FFS']

answer: @entity4812 :: (MESH:D016403,Disease) :: ['diffuse large-cell lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine associations of whole-grain intake with body weight and @entity1386 in two nationally representative samples of British adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 2064 adults aged 16-64 years in 1986-1987, 1599 adults aged 19-64 years in 2000-2001. Whole-grain intake (g day(-1) and 16-g amounts) was estimated from consumption of all foods with >or=10, >or=25 or >or=51% whole-grain content, using 7-day weighed dietary records. Body weight, body mass index (BMI) and, in 2000-2001, waist circumference (WC) were measured. BMI and WC were considered as continuous and categorical variables. For each survey, associations of whole-grain intake with body weight and anthropometric indices were examined in @entity1 and @entity1 separately, before and after adjustment for age, occupational social class, smoking habit, region, season and, in 2000-2001, misreporting. RESULTS: In 1986-1987, whole-grain intake was inversely associated with percentage of @entity1 classified using BMI as @entity28 (P=0.008, trend), independent of other factors. However, intake was not associated with body weight or prevalence of overweight. No corresponding associations were observed among @entity1 . In 2000-2001, whole-grain intake was not associated with body weight, BMI or WC. CONCLUSIONS: Two national surveys of British adults, with detailed quantitative estimates of whole-grain intake, provide little evidence of an association of whole-grain intake with body weight or measures of @entity1386 .

title: Whole grains and XXXX : little association among British adults.

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['adiposity']


abstract: CONTEXT: In the past few years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of therapies available to treat metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 (mCRPC). Currently, approved treatments consist of the @entity3907 class of cytotoxic drugs and @entity342 -targeted therapies. The challenge for clinicians is to decide the best sequence in which to give these therapies to provide the greatest benefit to their @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To review recent research into the mechanism of action of @entity6023 in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) cells and the clinical evidence for an interaction between @entity6023 and @entity342 -targeted therapies. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A nonsystematic review of the relevant medical literature between 2004 and the present, in combination with clinical trial data reported at oncology meetings during 2012, was undertaken. Our perspective, focussing on the potential implications for sequencing of therapies for mCRPC, is provided. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: @entity6023 are shown to interact with @entity342 signalling in @entity263 cells at both the cytoplasmic level (via microtubules) and the nuclear level, affecting transcriptional regulators of @entity342 -responsive gene expression. Data from clinical trials suggest that @entity342 deprivation can potentially decrease the efficacy of @entity6023 in treating @entity263 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings have important implications for clinical practice, and there is an urgent need for strong clinical data to support a recommendation for an optimal sequence of therapies.

title: XXXX mechanisms of action: potential implications for treatment sequencing in metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6023 :: ('MESH:D043823', 'Chemical') :: ['taxanes', 'Taxanes']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity3907 :: (MESH:C080625,Chemical) :: ['Taxane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although rare, graft @entity63 and @entity39 after esophagectomy is a devastating complication. The aim of this study was to review our experience with early endoscopy for evaluation of the graft and @entity254 after esophagectomy and reconstruction. METHODS: From a population of 479 @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy during the years 1996-2003, we identified 102 @entity1 who had endoscopy within 21 days of operation. RESULTS: Endoscopy was performed a median of 9 days after operation. Graft @entity63 , @entity834 , or both were found in 63 of the 102 @entity1 . Reoperation was necessary in 27% of these @entity1 , including graft removal in nine @entity1 . In 39 @entity1 , endoscopy demonstrated a healthy graft; only one of these @entity1 (2.6%) required reoperation. No @entity1 with @entity63 judged insufficient to warrant graft removal on initial endoscopy subsequently lost their graft. There were no complications or @entity130 associated with early endoscopy. CONCLUSION: Endoscopy early after esophagectomy is safe and provides accurate and reliable identification of graft @entity63 that can be used to guide the treatment of these @entity1 .

title: The safety and usefulness of endoscopy for evaluation of the graft and XXXX early after esophagectomy and reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic injuries']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: @entity2339 activation is a hallmark of the stress response. In the case of physical stressors, there is considerable evidence that medullary @entity2922 neurones are critical to the activation of the paraventricular nucleus @entity6192 cells that constitute the apex of the @entity2339 . In contrast, it has been thought that @entity2339 responses to emotional stressors do not involve brainstem neurones. To investigate this issue we have mapped patterns of restraint-induced neuronal @entity1639 expression in intact animals and in animals prepared with either paraventricular nucleus-directed injections of a retrograde tracer, lesions of paraventricular nucleus @entity2922 terminals, or lesions of the medulla corresponding to the A1 or A2 noradrenergic cell groups. Restraint-induced patterns of neuronal activation within the medulla of intact animals were very similar to those previously reported in response to physical stressors, including the fact that most stressor-responsive, paraventricular nucleus-projecting cells were certainly catecholaminergic and probably noradrenergic. Despite this, the destruction of paraventricular nucleus @entity2922 terminals with @entity2955 did not alter @entity6192 cell responses to restraint. However, animals with @entity4326 lesions encompassing either the A1 or A2 noradrenergic cell groups displayed significantly suppressed @entity6192 cell responses to restraint. Notably, these medullary lesions also suppressed neuronal responses in the medial amygdala, an area that is now considered critical to @entity2339 responses to emotional stressors and that is also known to display a significant increase in @entity1063 turnover during restraint. We conclude that medullary neurones influence @entity6192 cell responses to emotional stressors via a multisynaptic pathway that may involve a noradrenergic input to the medial amygdala. These results overturn the idea that @entity2339 response to emotional stressors can occur independently of the brainstem.

title: Medullary neurones regulate hypothalamic XXXX cell responses to an emotional stressor.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis', 'Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity4326 :: ('MESH:D007051', 'Chemical') :: ['ibotenic acid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Gene') :: ['corticotropin-releasing factor']

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Gene) :: ['corticotropin-releasing factor']