abstract: Bleeding time measurement and investigation of @entity1423 in platelet rich plasma (PRP) are routine procedures for the diagnosis of defects in primary hemostasis. These tests are subject to methodological difficulties and should be well standardized in each individual laboratory. - In the present study, bleeding time was measured using the Simplate II device in 40 normal subjects. Furthermore, @entity1423 in PRP induced by @entity857 , collagen, @entity3899 , and @entity8325 was examined. 26 @entity1 referred for investigation of a suspected mild @entity3459 , who had a normal plasmatic coagulation profile, a normal @entity2880 factor activity, and a normal platelet count, were similarly studied. - Based on the reference values established in the 40 normal subjects, @entity1423 was found to be pathologic in 7 @entity1 and normal in 12. In 7 @entity1 @entity1423 was considered to be borderline-pathologic as defined by the range of @entity1423 found in the 10% of our normal subjects showing the @entity1423 responses. Bleeding time was prolonged in only 3 @entity1 whereas it was normal in the remaining 23. There was strong evidence of a hemostatic defect as assessed by systematic @entity1 history in 6 out of 7 @entity1 with pathologic @entity1423 , but in only 3 out of 19 showing normal or borderline-pathologic aggregation. - Pathologic @entity1423 , therefore, represents not only an abnormal laboratory finding but is likely to be associated with a @entity548 . Platelet aggregation studies do not permit etiologic diagnosis of the @entity1423 except for the well-defined membrane @entity2246 . The bleeding time appeared to be of low sensitivity for the diagnosis of mild @entity1423 .

title: [Measurement of bleeding time and study of thrombocyte aggregation. Standardization of methods, normal values and results in XXXX with suspected @entity548 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic diathesis']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopathy', 'platelet aggregation', 'platelet dysfunction', 'weakest aggregation', 'platelet aggregability']

entities_list: @entity8325 :: ('MESH:D012310', 'Chemical') :: ['ristocetin']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['glycoprotein deficiencies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of @entity7447 added to systemic @entity134 in @entity1 with @entity1274 . DESIGN: A controlled prospective study. SETTING: Asan medical center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine. @entity1 : Between August 2007 and October 2008, the first 60 @entity1 diagnosed with sudden @entity1274 were managed with systemic @entity134 treatment for 2 weeks including 5-day hospitalisation. And the second 60 @entity1 were managed with @entity7447 for 2 weeks added to previous management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We evaluated auditory function by pure tone audiometry and speech discrimination score. Auditory evaluations were performed before and 3 months after treatment using Siegel's criteria. The degree of improvement in four-tone average hearing and speech discrimination score was calculated from the results before and after treatment. RESULTS: The total hearing improvement rate after the treatment was 75.0% (90/120 @entity1 ) in this study. Although 47 @entity1 (78.3%) of @entity7447 group showed better hearing improvement than 43 @entity1 (71.7%) of control group, there was no significant difference. However, the @entity7447 group showed significantly higher improvement in speech discrimination score. CONCLUSION: From this study, we suggest that @entity7447 may have beneficial effects in the treatment of sudden @entity1274 .

title: @entity7447 in combination with XXXX therapy for treatment of sudden @entity1274 : a controlled prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effect of intraoperative intravitreal injection of @entity2995 on the central macular thickness, visual outcomes, and development of @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) after phacoemulsification in @entity6 @entity1 . SETTING: Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. METHODS: In this prospective randomized controlled study, @entity1 with @entity6 were randomly assigned to a treatment group, which received an intravitreal injection of @entity2995 at the end of phacoemulsification, and a control group, which had routine phacoemulsification. Visual acuity, center-point thickness, central 1.0 mm subfield mean thickness, @entity1103 development, and @entity6 progression were compared between the 2 groups 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The treatment group comprised 20 eyes and the control group, 21 eyes. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in the mean corrected distance visual acuity at any follow-up examination (P>.05). The mean change in center-point thickness and central 1.0 mm subfield mean thickness was statistically significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group at all follow-up visits (P<.05). Four eyes in the control group and no eye in the treatment group developed @entity1103 (P = .059). Three eyes (15%) in the treatment group developed an intraocular pressure rise that was managed by topical medication. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection of @entity2713 reduced the amount of increase in center-point thickness and central 1.0 mm subfield mean thickness after phacoemulsification in eyes of @entity6 @entity1 . Although it also reduced the incidence of @entity1103 , it had no effect on visual acuity gain.

title: Effect of intravitreal @entity2995 injection on central macular thickness in XXXX @entity1 having phacoemulsification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['CME', 'cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Liver biopsy specimens with or without chronic @entity409 were examined immunohistochemically to determine the distribution of enolase isozymes (alpha, beta, and gamma). In normal liver, alpha-enolase was positively stained in almost all hepatocytes and bile duct cells. beta- and gamma-enolases were localized in hepatocytes and bile duct cells, respectively. Electron microscopic studies revealed that Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells had both alpha- and gamma-enolases. In @entity3619 and @entity82 , proliferated biliary ductular cells had both alpha- and gamma-enolases, but did not express beta-enolase. This is almost the same localization pattern of enolase isozymes as in preexisting bile duct cells. gamma-Enolase was detected in some hepatocytes in eight of 12 cases with @entity3619 cases with @entity82 . These hepatocytes were small, showed a cobblestone pattern, and binucleate cells were frequent. On the other hand, rosette-formed hepatocytes adjacent to a regenerating bulging lobule were not stained for gamma-enolase. These results suggest that regenerating hepatocytes have gamma-enolase and that, with maturation, hepatocytes lose it.

title: In situ distribution of enolase isozymes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis', 'chronic active hepatitis and six of 12']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: Thirty-four evaluable @entity1 were treated with @entity1206 , a novel, semisynthetic @entity18480 , as first-line chemotherapy for advanced @entity0 . They received @entity1206 25 mg m-2 i.v. given weekly for a maximum of 16 cycles. Two @entity1 achieved a complete remission and 15 a partial remission, giving a response rate of 17/34 (50%; 95% CI of 34-66%); median response duration was 5.8 months. The median progression-free interval was 4.4 months and median survival 9.9 months. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Fatigue was the most common side-effect. The main reason for dose adjustments was myelosuppression; 68% of @entity1 had WHO grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 and there was one @entity204 attributed to @entity1398 . @entity390 / @entity391 and @entity16 were mild and @entity1665 was uncommon. This study confirms @entity1206 as a highly active, well-tolerated agent in advanced @entity0 worthy of evaluation in combination chemotherapy regimens.

title: A phase II, multicentre, UK study of @entity1206 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity18480 :: ('CHEBI:27288', 'Chemical') :: ['vinca alkaloid']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity11685 - @entity11686 may be useful for treatment of organisms causing peritoneal dialysis-related @entity298 , including @entity3256 -resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 , and @entity2176 -resistant enterococci. The pharmacokinetic profiles of single intravenous doses of this combination streptogramin antibiotic of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight were characterized for eight noninfected @entity1 receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Comparison was made to pharmacokinetic profiles determined for eight healthy volunteers matched by age, sex, and race. Drug was measured in dialysate up to 6 h following the dose. Plasma and dialysate were assayed for parent compounds and metabolites. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between groups. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for maximal concentrations in plasma, times to maximal concentration, areas under the curve, distribution volumes, rates of total body clearance, or half-lives in plasma for @entity11685 and @entity11686 . No statistically significant differences were observed in maximal concentrations in plasma, times to maximal concentration, areas under the curve, or half-lives for @entity462 , the @entity2041 conjugates of @entity11685 , or the @entity11687 metabolite of @entity11686 . The measurements in dialysate of the parent and most metabolites were below the expected MICs. Dialysis clearance was insignificant. @entity11685 - @entity11686 was well tolerated in both groups, causing only mild adverse events that resolved prior to discharge from the study. The disposition of @entity11685 , @entity11686 , or their primary metabolites following a single dose was unaltered in @entity1 receiving peritoneal dialysis. Intravenous dosing of this antibiotic combination is unlikely to be adequate for the treatment of @entity298 associated with peritoneal dialysis.

title: Pharmacokinetics of quinupristin-dalfopristin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity11687 :: ('MESH:D025364', 'Chemical') :: ['pristinamycin IIA']

entities_list: @entity11685 :: ('MESH:C113825', 'Chemical') :: ['quinupristin', 'Quinupristin']

entities_list: @entity11686 :: ('MESH:C113826', 'Chemical') :: ['dalfopristin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report the clinical and parasitological effects of a modified treatment regimen for @entity5747 . Twenty adult males received up to 5 g (72.5 to 84.7 mg/kg) of @entity5747 over 36 days. Detailed clinical and laboratory examinations were done before treatment and then at intervals over 2 years. Nodules were removed at 6, 13, 26 and 52 weeks for histology. Systemic tolerance was good. @entity1347 was however common and 2 @entity1 required intervention to prevent @entity5862 . No new @entity1347 developed; a rare improvement occurred in one @entity1 with @entity1829 . @entity644 , mostly mild, occurred in nearly all @entity1 . Previously unreported renal @entity10200 was documented in one @entity1 . Microfilariae in the skin and anterior chamber did not change significantly for 5 or more weeks after which rapid reductions occurred. Ocular parasites were absent at 2 years and skin microfilariae were near zero. Peripheral blood eosinophil counts fell in parallel with those of microfilariae in the skin and anterior chamber and were normal at one and two years. These findings at 2 years may provide indirect evidence of a macrofilaricidal or a permanent chemosterilant effect on the adult worms. Nodule examination revealed an embryotoxic effect from week 6, a lethal effect on the male worms from month 3 and on the female worms from month 6 after treatment started. At one year 34% of the female worms examined were alive. Thus total doses of @entity5747 in the range 72.5 to 84.7 mg/kg have only a modest lethal effect on the female worms. @entity5747 remains a restricted drug and a suitable replacement is urgently needed.

title: The chemotherapy of onchocerciasis XVIII. Aspects of treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior segment inflammation', 'posterior segment lesions']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papillitis']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['posterior synechiae']

entities_list: @entity5747 :: ('MESH:D013498', 'Chemical') :: ['suramin', 'Suramin']

answer: @entity5747 :: (MESH:D013498,Chemical) :: ['suramin']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine first-admitted @entity1 with @entity716 meaning functional @entity716 with @entity10963 with respect to clinical course and outcome. The index population comprised 88 @entity1 . At discharge from first admission the @entity1 were classified according to ICD-8 and DSM-III. According to both diagnostic classifications the majority of the @entity1 did not belong to either of the two major @entity716 , @entity161 or @entity716 . During the 2-year observation period half of the @entity1 took psychotropic drugs continuously, and almost half of the @entity1 experienced one or more relapses. One third of the @entity1 were readmitted, and in average the @entity1 stayed in the hospital for 4 months during the observation period including the time of index admission. At follow-up half of the @entity1 revealed @entity716 , while two thirds were moderately or severely impaired because of @entity716 or @entity1314 . It is concluded that the present aftercare treatment is insufficient to prevent relapse and @entity716 . In consequence of this the existence of delusions at first admission to hospital because of functional @entity716 seems for many to predict an unfavourable course and outcome. Further study will search for clinical and social predictors of course and outcome in @entity1 with @entity716 .

title: Clinical course and outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic groups', 'positive psychotic symptoms', 'psychotic illness', 'delusional psychosis', 'affective psychosis', 'psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid symptoms']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['delusional psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5414 is a known complication of @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) in @entity1 , and the association with @entity4034 and @entity2530 has been described. However, it is unclear whether this association applies to adults. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore asked whether @entity5414 is a frequent complication in adults with @entity3458 and whether it also is associated with @entity4034 or @entity2530 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 2000 consecutive adult @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3458 and recorded symptoms, select findings during physical examination, laboratory data, and select radiographic CT, and MRI observations. RESULTS: Fifty-nine of the 2000 @entity1 (3%) had @entity5414 , 56 of the 59 @entity1 had hemoglobin SS. Thirty-six of the 59 @entity281 (61%) were in the hip. The most frequent findings were @entity158 , swelling, @entity221 greater than 38.2 degrees C (71% of cases), a leukocyte count exceeding 15,000/mm(3) (range, 7900-32,300/mm(3)), a Westergren sedimentation rate greater than 24 mm/hour, and C-reactive protein exceeding 20 mg/L. Cultures were positive in 96% of the joint aspirates. Staphylococcus and Gram-negative infection predominated; no @entity1 had @entity5746 . Preexisting factors of @entity5414 included @entity2530 (29 @entity1 ) and @entity4034 (37 cases) in childhood. @entity6 , @entity309 , glucocorticoids, and immunoparesis related to medical treatment by @entity1862 were associated comorbidities. CT and MRI confirmed the diagnosis of associated @entity2530 or @entity4034 and @entity2720 and detection of soft tissue abscess. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity5414 in adults with @entity3458 is low, but often is associated with @entity4034 or @entity2530 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prognostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: @entity5414 in adults with @entity3458 often is associated with @entity4034 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis', 'bacterial arthritis', 'Septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella joint infections']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['allowed joint aspiration']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Acute @entity8 is a common complication after aortic surgery. @entity20659 , a @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide, was reported to be effective for preventing @entity810 after cardiac surgery. However, most studies were from single centers, and results of meta-analyses are subject to publication bias. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether @entity20659 preserved renal function in @entity1 undergoing cardiovascular surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Participating hospitals (N = 281) in a national database from 2010 to 2013. @entity1 : Adult @entity1 (N = 47,032) who underwent cardiovascular surgery. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main intervention variable investigated was the use of @entity20659 on the day of surgery. Assessed outcomes included receiving renal replacement therapy within 21 days of surgery and in-hospital mortality. Data were available for 47,032 @entity1 , of whom 2,186 (4.6%) received @entity20659 on the day of surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity20659 was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of receiving renal replacement therapy within 21 days of surgery, but not with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing cardiovascular surgery, @entity20659 significantly increased the odds of receiving renal replacement therapy within 21 days after surgery.

title: XXXX Increases the Need for Renal Replacement Therapy After Cardiovascular Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity20659 :: ('MESH:C472955', 'Chemical') :: ['carperitide', 'Carperitide']

answer: @entity20659 :: (MESH:C472955,Chemical) :: ['Carperitide']


abstract: @entity1910 ( @entity1910 ) induced by drugs is a T-cell mediated reaction and effector cells may play an important role in its development. We assessed the effector and cutaneous homing phenotype in peripheral blood cells from @entity56 @entity1 after drug stimulation. This study included 10 @entity1 and 10 controls. The effector phenotype ( @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (+/-)), chemokine receptors ( @entity16952 and @entity23055 ), and activation ( @entity2902 (low)) and regulatory markers ( @entity2902 (high)) were measured by flow cytometry in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and @entity404 -T-lymphocytes. Proliferation was determined by @entity22139 ( @entity22139 ) assay and the migratory capacity by a chemotaxis assay using @entity14420 and @entity17997 . Compared to controls, @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (-) cells were increased in @entity1 without (p=0.003) and with drug stimulation (p less than 0.001) and had significantly higher proliferation (p=0.010). @entity23055 expression was increased in @entity1 after drug stimulation in total and memory @entity2731 (+) T-cells. Lymphocyte migration with @entity17997 was higher in @entity1 with drug stimulation (p=0.048), with a decrease in @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (-) (p less than 0.0001) and an increase in @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (+) (p=0.017). In @entity1 , @entity404 -T-lymphocytes were significantly activated after drug stimulation (p less than 0.001). In conclusion, we show that effector memory @entity404 (+) T-cells ( @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (+)) respond specifically to the drug responsible for @entity1910 and confirm previous data about the involvement of @entity23055 in cell trafficking to the skin.

title: Role of effector cells ( @entity9350 (-) XXXX (-)) and effector-memory cells ( @entity9350 (-) @entity2731 (+)) in drug-induced @entity1910 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['Maculopapular exanthema', 'MPE']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity22139 :: ('MESH:C087165', 'Chemical') :: ['CFSE', '5-(-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester']

answer: @entity2731 :: (939,Gene) :: ['CD27']


abstract: @entity8864 reductase in a stable form was purified to homogeneity from @entity35 liver cytosol. The purified enzyme showed 3700-fold increase in specific activity when compared with the crude preparation, and the extent of recovery was 30-35%. The molecular weight was estimated at 34,000-36,000. The @entity535 analysis of the purified preparation revealed the presence of 3 @entity462 residues/mol of enzyme. The reductase utilized @entity1110 and @entity2125 as electron donors. The @entity1110 -dependent @entity8864 reductase activity was extremely sensitive to SH reagents, including @entity8865 , @entity8816 , @entity8866 , and @entity8867 . However, the pretreatment of the enzyme with @entity1110 and @entity8864 fully protected the reductase from inactivation by these reagents. The enzyme activity was irreversibly inhibited by @entity3143 . The addition of @entity3902 to the enzyme inhibited by @entity8865 promoted the full reversal of inhibition. The enzyme exhibited different pH optima for activity with @entity1110 (pH 8.7) and @entity2125 (pH 7.0). The apparent Km for @entity8864 was established to be 5.0 microM with @entity2125 and 3.0 microM with @entity1110 . The apparent Km for @entity1110 was 3.0 microM, while that of @entity2125 was 270 microM. The enzyme activity was inhibited by the substrate when the concentration exceeded 4.0-5.0 microM. The product, @entity648 , inhibited the enzyme activity in a competitive manner. In addition, the reductase was inhibited by @entity8868 and @entity1450 . Dilution produced instability in the enzyme, but the presence of exogenous proteins, such as serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and lysozyme, stabilized the enzyme protein.

title: Purification and characterization of @entity8864 reductase from XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity1450 :: ('MESH:C017803', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc-protoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8865 :: ('MESH:D004228', 'Chemical') :: ["5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)"]

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity8864 :: ('MESH:D001664', 'Chemical') :: ['Biliverdin', 'biliverdin']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity8866 :: ('MESH:D020245', 'Chemical') :: ['p-chloromercuribenzoic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Objectives. We investigated relations between changes in neighborhood ethnic composition and changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference among Chinese and Hispanic immigrants in the United States. Methods. We used Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 data over a median 9-year follow-up (2000-2002 to 2010-2012) among Chinese (n   =   642) and Hispanic (n   =   784) immigrants aged 45 to 84 years at baseline. We incorporated information about residential moves and used econometric fixed-effects models to control for confounding by time-invariant characteristics. We characterized neighborhood racial/ethnic composition with census tract-level percentage Asian for Chinese @entity1 and percentage Hispanic for Hispanic @entity1 (neighborhood coethnic concentration). Results. In covariate-adjusted longitudinal fixed-effects models, results suggested associations between decreasing neighborhood coethnic concentration and increasing weight, although results were imprecise: within- @entity1 BMI increases associated with an interquartile range decrease in coethnic concentration were 0.15 kilograms per meters squared (95% confidence interval [CI]   =   0.00, 0.30) among Chinese and 0.17 kilograms per meters squared (95% CI   =   -0.17, 0.51) among Hispanic @entity1 . Results did not differ between those who did and did not move during follow-up. Conclusions. Residential neighborhoods may help shape chronic disease risk among immigrants.

title: Neighborhood ethnic composition, spatial assimilation, and change in body mass index over time among Hispanic and chinese immigrants: multi-ethnic study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current investigation evaluated the clinical effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone or in combination with systemic @entity868 and/or repeated professional @entity527 in subjects with @entity7278 . METHODS: Fourty-four adult subjects (mean age: 45+/-6 years) with @entity2521 were randomly assigned to four treatment groups; a control (C, n=10) that received SRP and placebo and three test groups treated as follows: @entity5482 (T1) (n=12) received SRP and @entity868 (400 mg t.i.d., M) for 10 days; Test 2 (T2) (n=12) received SRP, weekly professional @entity527 for three months (professional cleaning (PC)) and placebo; and Test 3 (T3) (n=10) received SRP, M and PC. @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ), @entity10273 ( @entity10273 ), @entity548 on probing (BOP) and presence of visible plaque and suppuration were measured at six sites per tooth at baseline and at 90 days post-therapy. Significance of differences over time was determined using the Wilcoxon test, and among groups using ancova. RESULTS: A reduction in full-mouth mean clinical parameters was observed at 90 days after all therapies. Sites with baseline @entity5951 <4 mm showed an increase in mean @entity5951 in the control group and in mean @entity10273 in all treatment groups. Sites with baseline @entity5951 of 4-6 mm in subjects who received PC as part of therapy (T2, T3) showed a marked @entity5951 , @entity10273 and in the % of sites with BOP. Subjects who received @entity868 (T1 and T3) showed the best clinical response at sites with an initial @entity5951 of >6 mm. The major clinical benefit occurred when the combination of SRP, M and PC was used. Group T3 showed the least attachment loss in initially shallow pockets. This group also exhibited the greatest reduction in the % of sites with BOP and suppuration as well as in mean @entity5951 and @entity10273 at sites with baseline @entity5951 >4 mm. CONCLUSION: The data suggest a significant clinical benefit in combining SRP, systemic @entity868 and weekly professional @entity527 for the treatment of @entity7278 .

title: Scaling and root planing, systemic @entity868 and professional plaque removal in the treatment of XXXX in a Brazilian population. I. clinical results.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['supragingival plaque removal', 'removal of supragingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity10273 :: ('MESH:D019962', 'Disease') :: ['attachment level', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in PD', 'PD', 'Pocket depth']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between depth of excision of @entity3146 and risk of @entity600 . DESIGN: Case-control study nested in record linkage cohort study. SETTING: 12 hospitals in England. @entity1 : From a cohort of 11 471 @entity1 with at least one histological sample taken at colposcopy and a live singleton birth (before or after colposcopy), 1313 @entity1 with a @entity600 (20-36 weeks) were identified and frequency matched on maternal age at delivery, parity, and study site to 1313 @entity1 with term births (38-42 weeks). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk of @entity600 and very/extreme @entity600 by depth of excisional treatment of the cervical transformation zone. RESULTS: After exclusions, 768 preterm births (cases) and 830 term births after colposcopy remained. The risk of @entity600 was no greater in @entity1 with a previous small (<10 mm) excision (absolute risk 7.5%, 95% confidence interval 6.0% to 8.9%) than in @entity1 with a diagnostic punch biopsy (7.2%, 5.9% to 8.5%). @entity1 with a medium (10-14 mm) (absolute risk 9.6%; relative risk 1.28, 0.98 to 1.68), large (15-19 mm) (15.3%; 2.04, 1.41 to 2.96), or very large (>=  20 mm) excision (18.0%; 2.40, 1.53 to 3.75) had a higher risk of @entity3152 than those with small excision. The same pattern was seen in 161 @entity1 with @entity600 (20-31 weeks) and with increasing volume excised. Most births were conceived more than three years after colposcopy, and the risk of @entity3152 did not seem to depend on time from excision to conception. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity600 is at most minimally affected by a small excision. Larger excisions, particularly over 15 mm or 2.66 cm(3), are associated with a doubling of the risk of both preterm and very preterm births. The risk does not decrease with increasing time from excision to conception. Efforts should be made to excise the entire lesion while preserving as much healthy cervical tissue as possible. Close obstetric monitoring is warranted for @entity1 who have large excisions of the cervical transformation zone.

title: Risk of @entity3152 with increasing depth of excision for XXXX in England: nested case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth', 'very/extremely preterm births']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Psoriasis is one of the major problems facing dermatologists worldwide. Planar arrays of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently attracted attention in the treatment of difficult dermatological entities, 830 nm in near infrared (near-IR) and 633 nm in visible red. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of combination 830-nm and 633-nm LED phototherapy in the treatment of recalcitrant @entity1569 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nine informed and consenting @entity1 with @entity1569 were enrolled in this preliminary study, (3 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 , mean age 34.3, skin types I to IV). All had chronic @entity1569 , which in most cases had proved resistant to conventional treatments. They were treated sequentially with LED arrays delivering continuous-wave 830 nm (near-IR) and 633 nm (red) in two 20-min sessions over 4 or 5 weeks, with 48 h between sessions (830 nm, 60 J/cm(2); 633 nm, 126 J/cm(2)). RESULTS: All @entity1 completed their LED regimens (4 requiring 1 regimen, 5 requiring a second). Follow-up periods were from 3 to 8 months, except in two @entity1 who were lost to follow-up. Clearance rates at the end of the follow-up period ranged from 60% to 100%. Satisfaction was universally very high. CONCLUSIONS: The antiinflammatory effects of LED energy at 830 nm and 633 nm have been well documented, as has their use in wound healing. LED phototherapy is easy to apply, @entity158 free and side-effect free, and is well tolerated by @entity1 of all skin types. The promising results of this preliminary study warrant a proper controlled double-blind study with a larger @entity1 population.

title: Combination 830-nm and 633-nm light-emitting diode phototherapy shows promise in the treatment of recalcitrant XXXX : preliminary findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: In an attempt to determine the basis for apparently conflicting reports of the effects of @entity1063 (NA) on the neurohypophyseal system and its effects on the parvocellular periventricular region of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), recordings were made from the neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and the periventricular region in the @entity19 @entity1640 slice preparation. Of 47 SON neurons, 43 (91%) were excited and two (4%) were inhibited by NA. Seven SON neurons increased the firing rate with increase of NA concentration (10(-7)-10(-4) M). Both the alpha 1-agonists @entity2647 and @entity7202 also increased the activity of all SON neurons tested whereas application of the alpha 2-agonist @entity1338 and the beta-agonist @entity3044 had weak and inconsistent effects. While the alpha 2-antagonist @entity3160 had no consistent influence, the alpha 1-antagonist @entity3159 blocked or reversed the effects of NA. Another group of 37 neurons in the periventricular region of the PVN was also tested; 13 (35%) were excited and 22 (59%) inhibited by application of NA (10(-5) M). When tested with @entity2647 or @entity7202 , 6 of the 7 neurons were excited and one inhibited but all the 4 neurons tested were excited by @entity3044 . @entity1338 strongly depressed the activity of all 12 neurons tested. The NA-induced excitatory effects were suppressed or reversed by pre-application of @entity3159 and the beta-antagonist @entity1169 while the inhibitory ones were suppressed or reversed by @entity3160 . Synaptic blockade did not affect the excitatory responses of SON cells to NA nor the inhibitory responses of periventricular neurons to NA or @entity1338 . We conclude that SON neurons receive adrenergic excitatory effects mainly through alpha 1-receptors. The periventricular neurons receive the excitatory effects through alpha 1- or beta-receptors and receive the inhibitory effects through alpha 2-receptors.

title: Characterization of @entity1640 @entity1063 receptors in the supraoptic nucleus and periventricular region of the paraventricular nucleus of XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our pilot data showed an increased intima media thickness in the @entity1 with @entity261 ( @entity261 ). Alteration in homeostasis of @entity460 , @entity4613 , and @entity461 ( @entity461 ) may predispose to increase the risk of @entity65 and mortality. The data on objective assessment of this increased risk is however lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of altered @entity460 , @entity4613 , and @entity461 homeostasis in the @entity1 with @entity261 on coronary @entity460 score (a marker of increase vascular risk) by multidetector computed tomography scan (MDCT). METHODS: In this case-control study, we measured coronary CT @entity460 score in 30 @entity1 of @entity261 and compared with 40 age and sex matched healthy subjects. Correlation of coronary @entity460 score with biochemical parameters was evaluated. RESULTS: Three of the 30 cases (10%) with @entity261 were found to have @entity729 ( @entity729 ) of varying degree, whereas none of the control showed @entity729 (P = 0.07). The @entity1 with @entity729 had significantly lower serum @entity460 levels (albumin corrected), as compared to the @entity1 without @entity729 . Inverse correlation of @entity729 was found with serum @entity460 levels. No correlation was found with other biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: The vascular risk is increased in the @entity1 with @entity261 as assessed by coronary @entity460 score measured by MDCT. Low serum @entity460 levels might be a predisposing factor for this increased risk.

title: To assess @entity729 in the @entity1 of XXXX using multidetector computed tomography scan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism', 'SIH']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity261 :: (MESH:D007011,Disease) :: ['hypoparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Relapse of disease is documented in 15-20% of @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Although testicular relapse is rare with modern risk-adapted treatment protocols, earlier, the testes were a frequently encountered site of relapse and were designated as "drug sanctuaries". PURPOSE: This descriptive study was designed to assess the pattern of testicular relapse and to identify high-risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data obtained from case records of 407 @entity1 with @entity981 were analyzed. Fine needle aspiration cytology was carried out in @entity1 presenting with painless enlargement of testi(e)s. @entity236 and cerebrospinal fluid examination were performed concomitantly to confirm or exclude disease at these sites. RESULTS: @entity4557 was documented in 30 @entity1 . It was isolated in 17 @entity1 and associated with @entity236 in 13. At relapse, nine @entity1 were over the age of 10 years. The majority were very early and early relapsers. Hyperleucocytosis was documented in five of 30 and seven of 137 relapsers and nonrelapsers, respectively (P = 0.04). Twelve of the 30 @entity1 with testicular relapse were treated with testicular irradiation, reinduction and maintenance therapy. The estimated median overall survival was 33 months. CONCLUSION: @entity4557 , which depends on the therapy administered, may manifest several months/years after completion of treatment. The high incidence of testicular relapse in our series implicates the need of revaluation of our protocol and incorporation of high/intermediate dose methotrexate therapy upfront.

title: XXXX in childhood @entity981 : the challenges and lessons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow aspiration', 'bone marrow and/or central nervous system relapse']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular relapse']

answer: @entity4557 :: (MESH:D012008,Disease) :: ['Testicular relapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat postoperative and @entity1118 . Animal studies suggest that these drugs act, in part, by blocking @entity3009 production in the spinal cord. The authors tested intrathecal @entity6058 in @entity1 with @entity282 . METHODS: After approval of the institutional review board and the Food and Drug Administration, three clinical studies were performed. First, 15 @entity1 receiving chronic intrathecal @entity1286 received 0.5-2.0 mg of intrathecal @entity6058 . Second, 12 @entity1 receiving chronic intrathecal @entity1286 received, in a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over design, intrathecal saline or 2.0 mg of @entity6058 , with @entity158 intensity as the primary outcome measure. Third, 30 @entity1 undergoing total vaginal hysterectomy received, in a double-blinded, randomized, controlled design, intrathecal saline or 2.0 mg of @entity6058 , with @entity1341 with time to first @entity1286 dose after surgery as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1118 had many symptoms before intrathecal injection, without worsening of these symptoms from @entity6058 . @entity158 intensity was reduced by intrathecal @entity6058 , but this did not differ from placebo. In the first study, @entity158 was reduced by intrathecal @entity6058 in @entity1 with high cerebrospinal fluid @entity1421 concentrations but not in those with normal concentrations. Intrathecal @entity6058 did not alter time to first @entity1286 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal @entity6058 did not relieve @entity1118 or extend anesthesia or @entity1337 from intrathecal @entity1341 administered at the beginning of surgery. Under the conditions of these studies, it seems that spinal cylcooxygenase activity does not contribute to @entity282 .

title: Role of spinal cyclooxygenase in XXXX postoperative and @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['chronic or postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1468 is associated with altered placental production of several end-products of cyclooxygenase activity. @entity2871 (TX) is one of these end-products, and trophoblast is a source of villous @entity2871 . We cultured term trophoblast in the presence or absence of fibrin to study how differentiation and epithelial-matrix interactions regulate cyclooxygenase expression. The cellular trophoblast present during the first 24 h of culture on uncoated plastic produced TXB2, but little or no TX was produced in cultures grown longer than 24 h when differentiation into syncytial trophoblast occurred. Growth of cells on a fibrin matrix enhanced cellular trophoblast TX production five-fold. Medium containing 10 mumol/l @entity1426 maximized @entity2871 production in cells cultured for less than 24 h, regardless of growth surface, but this medium had little or no effect on TX production by cultures grown for more than 24 h. In contrast, exogenous @entity1426 enhanced @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production by both cellular and syncytial trophoblast. Cytochemical staining indicated that changes in cyclooxygenase content occurred with trophoblast differentiation. Western immunoblot analysis of cells cultured in the presence or absence of a fibrin matrix showed cyclooxygenase was induced under both growth conditions. Detectable cyclooxygenase protein disappeared beyond 24 h in cells grown on uncoated plastic. In contrast, cells grown beyond 24 h on fibrin showed sustained expression of cyclooxygenase by Western immunoblotting, and this enzyme protein expression correlated with increased @entity1421 production by the differentiated trophoblast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differentiation and growth on a fibrin matrix modulate the cyclooxygenase expression and XXXX production by cultured human placental trophoblasts.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['Thromboxane', 'thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4341 stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) evaluates the key phases (perfusion and wall motion) of the @entity63 cascade. We sought to determine the prognostic value of @entity4341 stress-CMR in consecutive  @entity1 symptomatic for @entity662 . METHODS: Seven hundred and ninety-three consecutive @entity1 symptomatic for @entity662 underwent @entity4341 stress-CMR and were followed up for 810    665 days. @entity1 were classified in group 1 (no- reversible @entity63 ), group 2 (stress perfusion defect alone), and group 3 [stress perfusion defect plus abnormal wall motion (AWM)]. End points were "all @entity299 " ( @entity583 , @entity204 and revascularization) and "hard @entity299 " (all @entity299 excluding revascularization). RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-five (24 %) all @entity299 and 53 (7 %) hard @entity299 were observed. All and hard cardiac event rates in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 11 %, 49 %, 69  % and 4 %, 8 %, 21 %, respectively, with a higher rate in group 2 vs. group 1 (p<0.01) and group 3 vs. groups 1 and 2 (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed the presence of late @entity2287 enhancement and stress perfusion defect plus AWM as independent predictors of all and hard @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4341 stress-CMR improves prognostic stratification of @entity1 through differentiation between the different components of the @entity63 cascade. KEY POINTS:     @entity4341 stress cardiac magnetic resonance helps to assess @entity453 .     Novel technique to study the key phases of @entity741 .     Combined assessment of perfusion and motion defects.     @entity4341 stress imaging has additional value for predicting @entity299 .

title: Prognostic value of @entity4341 stress cardiac magnetic resonance in XXXX with known or suspected @entity453 : a mid-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increased prevalence of @entity146 has been described among @entity1 with @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate those associations between common @entity146 and @entity565 , with an emphasis on the roles of medications used for @entity565 . METHOD: We studied 409 @entity1 who had been followed-up in pediatric allergy clinics and 157 age-matched healthy controls. A diagnostic and statistical manual disorder-referenced symptom inventory was used to assess "attention @entity71 " ( @entity71 ), " @entity71 " ( @entity71 ), " @entity2915 and impulsivity" (HI), and " @entity952 " ( @entity952 ) @entity146 . RESULTS: The study group consisted of 409 @entity1 (male: 251, female: 158), with a mean age of 9.0    2.67 years, and the control group consisted of 157 @entity1 (male: 75, female: 82), with a mean age of 9.0    2.86 years. Prevalences of @entity71 , @entity2915 , @entity71 , and @entity952 were not significantly different between the study and control groups. Among those @entity1 receiving @entity4352 antagonist (LA) drugs adjunctive to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), duration of treatment was correlated with total scores calculated for @entity2915 (P = .035, r = 0.432), @entity71 (P = .044, r = 0.414), @entity71 (P = .042, r = 0.418), and @entity952 (P = .032, r = 0.439). Among @entity1 with @entity565 , @entity1 with @entity952 had a significantly longer duration of LA+ICS use (P = .024) compared with those with no @entity952 . @entity1 with @entity2915 had a longer duration of ICS+LA use compared with those with no @entity2915 (P = .009). @entity1 with @entity565 receiving LA+ICS treatment had a higher risk for oppositional behavior (4.282 times compared with the control group [P = .042, confidence interval (CI): 1.542-15.949]) and 8.3 times compared with @entity1 with @entity565 not using any drug (P = .021, CI: 1.419-48.543). CONCLUSION: Rather than @entity565 itself, adjunctive use of ICS+LA therapy appears to be related with symptoms of common @entity146 , including @entity2915 , @entity71 , @entity71 , and @entity952 and to increase the risk of @entity952 .

title: Common @entity146 among XXXX with @entity565 : is there a role of @entity565 treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'AD', 'deficit-hyperactivity disorder', 'attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['ODD', 'oppositional defiant disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of infliximab and etanercept, @entity310 ( @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha blockers) on functional disability and quality of life in thirteen @entity1 over 65 years-old with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: We consecutively included @entity1 over 65 years-old, attending our clinic from Rheumatology Service in Hospital Cl  nico de Granada. These @entity1 were all refractory to conventional therapy with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD). Disease activity was assessed using BASDAI index (bath @entity1691 activity index). Functional disability was assessed using BASFI (bath @entity1691 functional index) and ASQol index ( @entity1691 quality of life index). RESULTS: We present a pilot study with 13 @entity1 over 65 years-old treated with @entity310 blockers for 16 weeks. A significant decrease in disease activity was observed. Mean values of VAS (visual analogue scale) pain scores and disease decreases significantly after treatment (from 6.72 to 3.67 and 6.15 to 2.79 respectively), less than 4, which is considered an acceptable BASDAI response. Functional ability (BASFI) and health related quality of life (HRQOL) improved significantly from 6.15 to 2.79 and 13.85 to 4.22. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the data available in the literature about @entity310 blockers decreasing clinical signs of the disease. Disease activity had significantly decreased 16 weeks after the onset of @entity310 blocker therapy. Functionality and quality of life have been also improved in elderly @entity1 with @entity1691 .

title: [Functional level and quality of life in @entity1691 , pilot study after 16 weeks XXXX blocker treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF']


abstract: @entity5371 is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent useful for treatment of @entity1 . To study the effects in developing @entity1 lungs, four groups of jill ferrets and their litters were given whole body inhalation exposures for 6 h a day for 10 or 30 consecutive days to concentrations of 0 (vehicle control), 162, 355 or 620 mg/m3. The effects, including special lung observations in suckling kits, were evaluated after exposures at weaning and at puberty. First the high dose, then the mid dose jills developed @entity177 . Probably due to @entity3147 , approximately half of the mid dose and three quarters of the high dose kits were found dead or killed whilst moribund. There were no test compound-related @entity204 in the control or low dose level groups. Reductions in body weight gain were observed in both 10 and 30 day exposed kits, and high dose kits actually lost weight as exposure continued. Some recovery was apparent in survivors. Some discoloration of the liver was seen in malnourished kits at necropsy. There were no gross or histopathologic lesions in the lungs or tracheas of suckling ferrets attributable to the test material. @entity5371 exposure had no effect on the lavageable cell pool, while lung DNA to protein ratios showed a mild, reversible, proliferative response in smaller kits. There were no differences in lung function between controls and low dose kits of either group. Effects seen in the higher dose groups are due to differences in size. While there may have been a real dose-related enlargement of alveolar diameters at 40 days of age, this disappeared in males by puberty and did not seem toxicologically significant in females. The low dose, which corresponds to an exposure dose 4 to 6 times that used clinically, appeared to be a no-effect level.

title: Inhalation toxicity of XXXX in suckling ferrets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['lactation failure']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5371 :: ('MESH:D012254', 'Chemical') :: ['Ribavirin']

answer: @entity5371 :: (MESH:D012254,Chemical) :: ['ribavirin']


abstract: Forty-four @entity1 with locally recurrent or metastatic @entity14 were treated with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) 100 mg/m2 i.v. followed 1 h later by @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) 600 mg/m2 i.v. @entity460 leucovorin 10 mg/m2 p.o. q 6 h X four doses was given 24 h after @entity1500 . The regimen was given on days 1 and 8 and repeated every 28 days. Six of 44 @entity1 (14%) obtained either complete or partial response with a mean response duration of 6.8 months. Of 26 previously untreated @entity1 there were one complete response (4%), four partial responses (15%), and 12 (46%) instances of stabilization of disease. @entity1 obtaining response or stabilization of disease experienced improved survival compared to those with progressive disease. @entity137 consisted of @entity3136 and hematopoietic suppression requiring dose attenuation in six @entity1 (14%); there were no treatment-related @entity204 . Sequenced @entity1500 / @entity1487 is modestly active with acceptable @entity137 in previously untreated @entity1 with @entity14 but offers no apparent advantage over single-agent @entity1487 .

title: Sequential @entity1499 , XXXX , and @entity460 leucovorin in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 291 Background: Clinical guidelines for @entity1 receiving @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) recommend @entity79 ( @entity79 ) monitoring. We examined physician visit patterns following ADT initiation and the implications for follow up @entity79 testing. METHODS: We analyzed linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) _ Medicare data for @entity1 aged 65+ with incident non-metastatic @entity263 diagnosed during 2007-2009 and receiving ADT for at least 6 months. We examined the proportion of @entity1 who visited the following physician types after ADT initiation: urologist, medical oncologist (MO), radiation oncologist (RO), and primary care physician (PCP). Physician contact was measured during 3 time periods: 3 months pre-ADT and 3 months post-ADT (P1); 3-6 months post-ADT (P2); and 6-9 months post-ADT (P3). Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the association between physician visits and @entity79 testing. RESULTS: The sample included 4,631 @entity1 (median age: 75) with non-metastatic @entity263 who received ADT over a median duration of 12 months. During follow-up, 12% received @entity79 testing, and median time from ADT initiation to @entity79 testing was 364 days. The proportion who visited any urologist, MO, RO, and PCP during P1 was 97%, 12%, 52%, and 71%. During P2, the proportions dropped to 69%, 9%, 19%, and 53%, respectively, and remained similar in P3. Physician visits during P1 were not associated with @entity79 testing. During P2, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for @entity79 testing in @entity1 who saw a MO was 1.39 (1.04-1.86). During P3, the AOR (95% CI) was 1.52 (1.15-2.01) in @entity1 who saw a MO and 1.23 (1.02-1.49) in @entity1 who saw a PCP. CONCLUSIONS: In older @entity263 @entity1 treated with ADT, physician contact was highest during ADT initiation and decreased over time. Continued contact with physicians following ADT initiation can be beneficial.

title: Impact of physician visits on bone density testing in @entity1 with @entity263 who receive XXXX deprivation therapy.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PC', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: The course of postoperative @entity1368 and its effect on fluid and electrolyte metabolism were studied in @entity1 undergoing open and closed heart surgery. Serum @entity1372 was transiently @entity308 and red cell @entity1372 concentration remained unchanged. Serum and red cell @entity972 concentrations were low. Hematocrit did not change significantly during the postoperative period ruling out @entity5225 . Therefore, the electrolyte changes are interpreted to indicate body @entity972 loss. That @entity1368 caused @entity972 loss is suggested by an inverse relationship between plasma @entity1369 and red cell @entity972 concentration. No significant differences were observed between @entity1 undergoing open and those undergoing closed heart surgery. An additional, alternately selected group of @entity1 undergoing open heart surgery was treated with @entity1369 antagonists beginning 48 hours before surgery. Treatment did not change the course or extent of @entity1368 . Specifically, @entity972 loss was not diminished and there was no difference in urine volume postoperatively. We conclude that @entity1369 antagonists in the dosage used had no effect on the course of postoperative @entity1368 .

title: XXXX after heart surgery in @entity1 . Part I: Treatment with @entity1369 antagonists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5225 :: ('MESH:C566111', 'Disease') :: ['overhydration']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['Hyperaldosteronism']


abstract: Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are essential mediators of the bioavailability and biological effects of the IGFs. Liver expression of the @entity35 (r) @entity10681 and @entity7815 genes has been characterized between day 16 in utero (16 diu) and 16 days postnatally (+16 dpn). Run-on experiments showed transcriptional activity of the @entity10681 and @entity7815 genes at birth (B) to be 25 and 5 times that at 16 diu, respectively. After B, transcriptional activity of the @entity10681 gene remained high (140% B at +6 dpn), but that of the @entity7815 gene dropped to 70% B by +6 dpn. Northern blot analysis done simultaneously showed @entity10681 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels to increase approximately 50-fold between 16 diu and B, whereas @entity7815 mRNA increased only 5- to 10-fold. @entity10681 mRNA levels decreased after birth, reaching about 20% B by +6 dpn; @entity7815 mRNA, however, remained stable (about 80% B) at least up to +6 dpn. Parallel Western ligand blot and immunoblot analyses of serum rIGFBPs revealed @entity10681 and @entity7815 concentrations to be increased 3- and 2-fold, respectively between 20 diu and B. Maximal expression of @entity10681 was at +1 dpn (220% B), and of @entity7815 , at B. Both rIGFBPs then decreased, reaching about 5% B at adulthood. All these data indicate that increased transcriptional activity of the @entity10681 and @entity7815 genes at birth would determine the increased synthesis in the liver and circulating levels of these proteins. In addition, it would seem that post-transcriptional events (reduced half-life of the @entity10681 messenger after birth, translation efficiency of the @entity7815 messenger) modulate transcriptional regulation.

title: Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and -2 genes through the perinatal period in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An elevated plasma @entity413 concentration has been considered to be a potential risk factor in the pathogenesis of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). Therefore the present study was performed to investigate if @entity66 ( @entity1267 , metritis, @entity1270 etc) in dairy @entity291 results in elevated concentrations of @entity413 and @entity701 in blood as @entity701 is the major regulator of @entity413 in ruminants. METHODS: @entity701 , insulin, @entity4322 ( @entity19412 ), non esterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ), and serum @entity460 were analyzed in blood serum and @entity413 , in whole blood, from 57 spontaneously diseased @entity291 collected at different farms. The @entity291 were grouped according to the disease; @entity1267 , recumbent for other reasons, @entity1271 , metritis, @entity1270 , inappetance and others. RESULTS: No elevated concentrations of @entity701 or @entity413 were found in @entity291 with metritis and @entity1271 but both @entity701 and @entity413 were elevated in @entity291 stressed by recumbency. @entity291 with @entity1270 ( @entity19412 > 1.5 mmol/l) did not have low concentration of @entity413 in blood but significantly low levels of @entity701 . Some of these @entity291 even had @entity701 concentrations below the detection limit of the analysing method (< 14 nmol/l). CONCLUSIONS: The study gives patho-physiological support to the treatment strategies of @entity1270 , recommending glucocorticoids, insulin etc. However further studies of this problem are needed to understand why @entity291 with @entity1270 have low levels of @entity701 and normal levels of @entity413 . To what extent elevated @entity701 and @entity413 levels in @entity14645 and recumbent @entity291 are involved in the ethiology and /or the pathogenesis of @entity1002 also will need further research.

title: Low @entity701 levels in blood from dairy @entity291 with XXXX : a field study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous disease']

entities_list: @entity1267 :: ('MESH:D010319', 'Disease') :: ['parturient paresis']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketosis', 'ketonemia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left-displaced abomasums', 'DA']

answer: @entity1270 :: (MESH:D007662,Disease) :: ['ketosis']


abstract: The serotypes and molecular clones of @entity114 -nonsusceptible @entity328 (PNSP) responsible for invasive @entity66 (IPD) and discharging ears in metropolitan New South Wales were characterized to form a baseline prior to introduction of the heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in Australia. Pneumococci isolated between 1 July 2000 and 30 June 2003 in Sydney from @entity1 <15 years were tested for antibiotic susceptibilities and serotyped. @entity114 -nonsusceptible pneumococci were typed by multilocus sequence typing and BOX PCR. During this period, 97 (13.9 %) of 698 pneumococci from IPD that were serotyped were @entity114 -nonsusceptible. Of 607 pneumococci from discharging ears, 157 (26.1 %) were @entity114 -nonsusceptible. Serotype 14 was the predominant serotype responsible for IPD and serotype 19F predominated from discharging ears. The heptavalent vaccine serotypes accounted for 613 (87.8 %) of all invasive isolates and 420 (69.8 %) of all isolates from discharging ears. Representatives of the major international clones were present among the PNSP. The majority of serotypes and clones that showed @entity114 -nonsusceptibility are present within the vaccine. Serotype switching was also noted to have occurred prior to introduction of the vaccine. This study provides a characterization of the pneumococcal serotypes associated with IPD and discharging ears that will be useful for detecting potential selective effects of the vaccine. This surveillance should be continued, as it will be important to monitor the frequency and distribution of serotypes in the post-vaccine era.

title: Pneumococci responsible for invasive disease and discharging ears in XXXX in Sydney, Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin', 'penicillin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Astroglial cells are activated following injury and up-regulate the expression of the intermediate filament proteins @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ) and @entity3111 . Adult @entity19 lacking the intermediate filament proteins @entity9327 and @entity3111 ( @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-)) show @entity536 , reduced @entity66 formation and improved regeneration of neuronal synapses after neurotrauma. @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) @entity19 exhibit larger brain @entity1188 after @entity2500 suggesting protective role of reactive @entity5219 after adult focal @entity2806 . However, the role of astrocyte activation and reactive @entity5219 in the injured developing brain is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We subjected @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) and wild-type @entity19 to unilateral @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) at postnatal day 9 (P9). @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ; 25 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally twice daily from P9 to @entity15050 . On @entity15050 and @entity19363 , the animals were perfused intracardially. Immunohistochemistry with @entity7001 , @entity1603 , @entity7079 , and S100 antibodies was performed on coronal sections. We found no difference in the hemisphere or @entity1188 volume between @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) and wild-type @entity19 at @entity15050 and @entity19363 , i.e. 3 and 22 days after HI. At @entity19363 , the number of @entity7079 (+) neurons in the @entity63 and contralateral hemisphere was comparable between @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) and wild-type @entity19 . In wild-type @entity19 , the number of S100(+) astrocytes was lower in the ipsilateral compared to contralateral hemisphere (65.0+/-50.1 vs. 85.6+/-34.0, p<0.05). In the @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) @entity19 , the number of S100(+) astrocytes did not differ between the @entity63 and contralateral hemisphere at @entity19363 . At @entity19363 , @entity9327 (-/-)Vim(-/-) @entity19 showed an increase in @entity7079 (+) @entity1603 (+) (surviving newly born) neurons in the @entity63 cortex compared to wild-type @entity19 (6.7+/-7.7; n = 29 versus 2.9+/-3.6; n = 28, respectively, p<0.05), but a comparable number of S100(+) @entity1603 (+) (surviving newly born) astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that attenuation of reactive @entity5219 in the developing brain does not affect the hemisphere or @entity1188 volume after HI, but increases the number of surviving newborn neurons.

title: Attenuation of reactive XXXX does not affect @entity1188 volume in neonatal @entity2806 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated reactive gliosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

answer: @entity5219 :: (MESH:D005911,Disease) :: ['gliosis']


abstract: Regular @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and pap-smear tests are the two of the positive @entity146 for improving, promoting and protecting the health of adolescent @entity1 . The present quasi-experimental research was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the relations between breast and cervical @entity5 prevention behavior of female students at a School of Health and their health lifestyle. The research was conducted at Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Health between November 2008 and February 2009. A total of 77 female students attending the first and second grades were included in the sample. Education pertinent to the matter was provided and evaluation was made three months later. A knowledge evaluation form for breast and gynecological examination, the Healthy Life-Style Behavior Scale (HPLP), was used in data collection. Number percentages, the McNemar Bowker test, the t test and the Mann Whitney U test were used in the evaluation. Despite the information they had received, not all of the students performed regular @entity0 ( @entity0 ) prior to the education. For 24.7% (n=19) the reason for not doing regular @entity0 was their having no symptoms and for 29.9% (n=23) it was due to thinking that they would not have @entity0 . The reason for not having pap smear test was a virgin status. Three months after the education, knowledge level scores of the students increased approximately three and a half times (from 23.8-9.8) to 81.2-8.0). The rate of having regular @entity0 was 88.3% after three months, however; there was no pap smear test probably due to the fact that it was a taboo. When the rate of having regular @entity0 three months after the education and HLPL scores were compared, the scores of those having it regularly and the scores of those not having it regularly were found to be close and no statistically significant difference was detected (p> 0.05). In conclusion, consultancy service units should be established to comprehend the barriers perceived by adolescent @entity1 who do not have regular health screening, to make appropriate strategic planning in order to eradicate the hindrances in Muslim societies and to enhance the motivation of youth with continuous education.

title: Relations between breast and cervical XXXX prevention behaviour of female students at a school of health and their healthy life style.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast self-examination', 'breast cancer', 'BSE']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['heath behaviors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Antitumor effects of @entity2929 and the related mechanism were investigated in the present study. @entity521 cells (SH-SY5Y) were exposed to @entity2929 at different concentrations for different durations. Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting, and cell viability was examined by @entity98 assay. Cell cycle phase distribution and the cytosolic @entity460 level were detected by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by the JC-1 probe staining and fluorescent microscopy. The expression of an oncogene ( @entity517 ) and a @entity5 suppressor [ @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 )] proteins was analyzed by using Western blotting. @entity2929 could inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The cell cycle was arrested at S phase. Mitochondrial membrane potential collapsed and the cytosolic @entity460 was overloaded in SH-SY5Y cells when treated with @entity2929 . The expression of @entity517 protein was down-regulated, while that of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) protein was up-regulated. It was concluded that @entity2929 could restrain the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells. The antitumor mechanism of @entity2929 might involve regulating the expression of @entity517 and @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) proteins.

title: Antitumor activity of @entity2929 on human XXXX cell line (SH-SY5Y).

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The superior vena cava ( @entity6480 ) has been proved to be a focal point in the initiation of paroxysmal @entity955 . The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the genesis of @entity955 . However, the arrhythmogenic potentials of @entity6480 and its responses to autonomic agents are not clear. The purpose of this study was to isolate single @entity6480 cardiomyocytes and to investigate their electrophysiological characteristics, as well as the direct effects of autonomic agents. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity235 @entity6480 cardiomyocytes were isolated by perfusion with digestive enzymes. The action potentials and ionic currents were investigated in single @entity6480 cardiomyocytes using the whole-cell clamp technique. Dissociation of the @entity6480 yielded rod-shaped single cardiomyocytes with (n=74, 51%) or without (n=71, 49%) pacemaker activities. There were similar densities of inward @entity141 , delayed rectifier K+, transient inward, inward rectifier K+, and pacemaker currents between @entity6480 cardiomyocytes with and without pacemaker activity. @entity6480 cardiomyocytes with pacemaker activity have, however, greater transient outward currents than those without pacemaker activity. In @entity6480 cardiomyocytes, @entity934 (5.5 micromol/L) abolished the spontaneous activities, but @entity3044 (10 nmol/L), @entity3897 (10 micromol/L), and @entity2647 (10 micromol/L) accelerated the spontaneous activity and induced the occurrences of early or delayed afterdepolarizations. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity6480 cardiomyocytes have distinct action potentials and ionic current profiles that may be responsible for the arrhythmogenic activity of the @entity6480 .

title: Electrophysiology and arrhythmogenic activity of single cardiomyocytes from XXXX superior vena cava.

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the main and interaction effects of 3 dietary nutrient densities (low-, medium-, high-density), 2 feed forms (mash, pellet), and 2 lighting programs (20L:4D, 12L:12D) on the walking ability and skeletal quality of broiler @entity1573 raised to a young age (35 d). Forty-eight birds per treatment (nutrient density x feed form x lighting program subclass) were randomly selected (0 d) for assessment of their @entity11583 ( @entity11583 ) and BW at 11, 18, 25, and 32 d. Samples of birds from various @entity11583 classifications were selected at 32 d for radiographs and histology of the femur and tibiotarsus. Bone ash (BA) content was evaluated at 35 d from the right tibiotarsus to assess bone quality. Overall, the mean @entity11583 values were low ( @entity11583 <1). An interaction existed between lighting and sex. Males provided with 20L:4D had a higher @entity11583 (0.74) than females (0.45), and this score was greater than for broilers provided with 12L:12D (0.34 and 0.26 for males and females, respectively). Feeding mash reduced the @entity11583 (0.29) compared with pellet rations (0.62). The @entity11583 increased with age, and by 32 d 2.43% of birds had a @entity11583 >/=3. Broilers fed mash had a higher BA content (50.6%) than birds fed pellet diets (49.8%), and the 12L:12D value (50.5%) was greater than for 20L:4D (48.9%). Last, males had a lower BA content (49.8%) than females (50.6%). A positive correlation existed between BW and @entity11583 based on sex, where BW at 11, 18, and 25 d affected bird mobility at 32 d (r(2) = 0.39, 0.49, and 0.50 for males; r(2) = 0.34, 0.37, and 0.36 for females, respectively). Radiography and histology were unaffected by @entity11583 . This study confirmed that a reduced growth rate improved @entity11583 but also demonstrated that overall bird mobility was good and the incidence of @entity1141 was low.

title: The impact of nutrient density, feed form, and photoperiod on the walking ability and skeletal quality of broiler XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal disease']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: In a case control study 31 asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity565 and/or @entity2023 and 31 normal controls had their bleeding time measured using the Simplate II device and venostasis. Mean bleeding time in the atopic group (527 s) was significantly prolonged compared to the controls (393 s) (p less than 0.0005). Platelet aggregation to collagen and @entity857 (but not to @entity8303 ) was significantly @entity308 in the atopics. Mean circulating platelet mass was significantly greater in atopics than in the controls (p = 0.006). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that within the control group bleeding time was best predicted by platelet mass (p = 0.007). No such relationship was found in the atopics. However stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that bleeding time in the atopics (but not in the controls) was best predicted by @entity8303 induced @entity1423 (p less than 0.05). In neither group was bleeding time related to collagen induced platelet @entity7489 production. It is hypothesised that in respiratory atopy the @entity308 aggregatory function of platelets is not compensated for sufficiently by an increase in platelet mass, leading to prolongation of the bleeding time. This haemostatic imbalance, whose cause remains to be established, appears to constitute a trait of atopy.

title: Prolonged bleeding time, reduced @entity1423 , altered @entity8303 sensitivity and increased platelet mass are a trait of @entity565 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregability']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity8303 :: ('MESH:D010972', 'Chemical') :: ['PAF-acether']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['hay fever']


abstract: Polymorphism of a 8 10-bp mitochondrial @entity21932 gene region was studied in 16 cercaria isolates of bird schistosomes (family Schistosomatidae), which were collected in water bodies of Moscow and Moscow oblast and represented three species: @entity21933 szidati, T. franki, and @entity21933 . A substantial predominance of @entity1129 (65.4%) was characteristic of the @entity21932 sequences in all three species. Rare single @entity377 substitutions determined low (0.2-0.9%) intraspecific @entity377 and @entity535 sequence diversity. Haplotype diversity h was high (80-100%) in all three species, suggesting a unique character for almost all @entity21932 sequences in the sample. Phylogenetic trees based on the @entity377 and @entity535 sequence variations were constructed to study the relationships of the three schistosome species. A high support was observed for the main branching node that reflects differentiation of the monophyletic group @entity21933 and species of the genera Bilharziella (B. polonica), Dendritobilharzia (D. pulverulenta), and Gigantobilharzia (G. huronensis). Based on the @entity377 substitutions and @entity535 polymorphisms, two groups of isolates, which infect Lymnaea stagnalis (T. szidati) and snails of the group Radix (T. franki and @entity21933 ) respectively, were isolated in the genus @entity21933 . The time of divergence between the two schistosome groups infecting snails of the genera Radix and Lymnaea was calculated from the @entity21932 @entity377 substitution rate, which is known for @entity1503 from the genus Schistosoma and is 2-3% per million years on average. Divergence of the three bird schistosome species under study and divergence of the Asian species of @entity1 schistosome were almost concurrent, dating back to 2.5-3.8 Myr ago. Factors responsible for the lack of intraspecific subdivision with respect to the @entity21932 gene in bird schistosomes and the lack of separation between two species (T. franki and @entity21933 ) are discussed.

title: [Polymorphism of the XXXX gene in bird schistosome cercaria isolates (Trematoda, Schistosomatidae) from ponds of Moscow and Moscow oblast].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity21933 :: ('157069', 'Species') :: ['T. regenti', 'Trichobilharzia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Asian and Indian blood flukes']

answer: @entity21932 :: (5333427(Tax:157069),Gene) :: ['cox1']


abstract: @entity22756 (IMD) is a novel member of the @entity175 /calcitonin gene-related peptide family. We investigated the cardioprotective mechanism of IMD(1-53) in the in vivo @entity35 model of @entity741 /reperfusion (I/R) injury and in vitro primary neonatal cardiomyocyte model of @entity519 /reoxygenation (H/R). @entity583 size was measured by @entity5045 staining. Cardiomyocyte viability was determined by @entity3460 staining, cell injury by @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick-end labeling assay, Hoechst staining, gel electrophoresis and @entity4124 activity. The translocation of mitochondrial cytochrome c of myocardia and expression of apoptosis-related factors @entity1976 and @entity2310 , phosphorylated @entity2308 and phosphorylated @entity9096 were determined by western blot analysis. IMD(1-53) (20 nmol/kg) limited the @entity583 size in @entity35 with I/R; the @entity1188 size was decreased by 54%, the apoptotic index by 30%, and @entity4124 activity by 32%; and the translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol was attenuated. IMD(1-53) increased the mRNA and protein expression of @entity1976 and ratio of @entity1976 to @entity2310 by 81 and 261%, respectively. IMD(1-53) (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) inhibited the H/R effect in cardiomyocytes by reducing cell death by 43% and LDH leakage by 16%; diminishing cellular apoptosis; decreasing @entity4124 activity by 50%; and increasing the phosphorylated @entity2308 and @entity9096 by 41 and 90%, respectively. The cytoprotection of IMD(1-53) was abolished with @entity2306 , a PI3K inhibitor. In conclusion, IMD(1-53) exerts cardioprotective effect against @entity296 /R injury through the activation of the @entity2308 / @entity9096 signaling pathway to inhibit mitochondria-mediated @entity296 .

title: Activation of @entity2308 / @entity9096 signaling pathway is involved in @entity22756 (1-53) protection against XXXX induced by ischemia/reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial I', 'myocardial apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct', 'Myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial apoptosis']


abstract: Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) have been shown to bind to target DNA sequences in several @entity1 gene promoters such as the @entity517 oncogene, the @entity470 , and the @entity9796 reductase genes. TFOs have been shown to inhibit transcription in vitro and gene expression in cell culture of the @entity517 and other genes. The @entity1722 oncogene, which is overexpressed in @entity0 and other @entity1 @entity5 , contains a @entity10043 -rich sequence in its promoter, which is favorable for @entity10043 : @entity10043 : @entity7391 (R:R:Y) triplex formation. Although its function in the @entity1722 promoter is unknown, this @entity10043 -rich site is homologous to a protein-binding sequence in the promoter of the @entity470 that is necessary for efficient transcription of this gene. We have shown that this sequence is a site for nuclear protein binding by incubation with a crude nuclear extract. We describe the formation of an interstrand triplex using a @entity10043 -rich oligonucleotide antiparallel to this @entity10043 -rich target sequence of the @entity1722 promoter. Triplex formation by the oligonucleotide prevents protein binding to the target site in the @entity1722 promoter in vitro. We have shown that this oligonucleotide is a potent and specific inhibitor of @entity1722 transcription in an in vitro assay. The triplex target site contains a single @entity7391 base that does not conform to the R:R:Y triplex motif. In an attempt to abrogate the potentially destabilizing effects of this @entity7391 base on triplex formation, we have substituted an abasic linker for the @entity7391 residue in the triplex forming oligonucleotide. Triplex formation with the modified oligonucleotide appears to occur with approximately equivalent binding affinity. Triplex formation in the @entity1722 oncogene promoter prevents transcription in vitro and may represent a future modality for specific inhibition of this gene in vivo.

title: Triplex formation inhibits XXXX transcription in vitro.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER-2/neu']


abstract: @entity652 that contain early @entity189 (ACIC) represent the earliest form of clinically relevant @entity5 of the colorectum in most @entity1 . In order to assess the incidence of nodal @entity3 of ACIC, we studied 31 @entity1 in whom the colon was resected after endoscopic polypectomy (EP) done from 1975 to 1987. We also reviewed the pathologic features reported in individual cases and in literature series of ACIC with lymph node @entity3 published from 1958 to 1986. The lymph node metastatic potential of ACIC is relatively high, ranging from an average value of 8.5% in the literature of to 16.1% in our own study, and is equivalent to the range of 10%-17% that occurs in @entity14 that invade the submucosa. When an ACIC is seen in an EP specimen in which the polypectomy margin is normal, the decision as to whether the @entity1 should enter a follow-up protocol or have radical surgical resection is determined by the assessment of the probability of the occurrence of nodal @entity3 . According to several authors, certain histopathologic features make it possible to distinguish between an ACIC with a high-risk of nodal @entity3 versus those with a low-risk. The most relevant pathologic parameters include the state of the resection margins, the grade of the @entity189 , and the presence or absence of vascular invasion. Of 351 cases of ACIC that were operated on, derived from 16 literature series, 45.6% were high-risk cases and 8.5% had lymph node @entity3 . In our group of high-risk ACIC that had surgical resection subsequently, the lymph node metastatic rate was 35.7%. Our results help to estimate the nodal metastatic potential of early @entity14 and stress the importance of adequate pathologic evaluation in order to assess metastatic risk in these @entity1 accurately.

title: Colorectal adenomas containing XXXX . Pathologic assessment of lymph node metastatic potential.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['invasive carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The repair of combined vesico-vaginal @entity292 (VVFs) and @entity12478 ( @entity12478 ) is challenging to both surgeon and @entity1 . The multistage approach involves at least 3 surgical sessions, all associated with morbidity and sometimes with a colostomy procedure as well. The outcomes of the 1-stage approach were examined. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 aged between 16 and 38 years were recruited for a multicenter study conducted from March 2005 to August 2006. @entity1162 was the cause of all @entity292 . The VVFs were mainly midvaginal (60%), juxtaurethral (25%), and juxtacervical (15%). The @entity12478 measured between 1 and 3 cm, they were low in 70% of cases, and 1 was associated with fourth-degree perineal tear. Bowel preparation was performed in all @entity1 prior to surgery. No @entity1 underwent temporary colostomy. RESULTS: Both VVFs and VVFs were successfully closed in all @entity1 , as evidenced by the continence dye test. CONCLUSION: The combined repair relieves economic constraints and emotional challenges, and it accelerates restoration to health and social reintegration for @entity1 affected with both VVFs and @entity12478 .

title: One-stage repair for combined XXXX : myth or reality?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Prolonged obstructed labor']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity12478 :: ('MESH:D014624', 'Disease') :: ['RVFs', 'recto-vaginal fistulas']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']