abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful resection of malignant skull base disease depends implicitly on the ability to reconstruct the resulting defects in the craniovisceral diaphragm, to support neural structures, and to prevent ascending @entity281 . Microsurgery reliably achieves these objectives and has increased the scope of curative oncologic surgery. The authors assessed the reconstructive results and the long-term oncologic outcome of @entity1 having skull base surgery with free tissue transfer. METHODS: A retrospective review of cases between 1989 and 2001 was undertaken. Demographics, histology, surgical management, complications, locoregional control, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Predominantly male @entity1 (n = 53; 62 percent) with an average age of 60 years had microvascular reconstruction following oncologic surgery. There was a preponderance of cutaneous @entity5 (56 percent), and most lesions involved the anterior skull base (53 percent). @entity5 were mostly resected with a combined intracranial or extracranial approach, and reconstruction was undertaken with radial forearm, rectus abdominis, or latissimus dorsi flaps with 94 percent success. Complications occurred in 23 percent of @entity1 , and no specific risk factors for developing @entity1504 were identified. Specifically, extensive reconstructions did not increase the complication rate. The 5-year locoregional control and survival rates were 74 percent and 60 percent, respectively. A positive resection margin significantly increased the risk of locoregional recurrence and worsened disease-specific survival on Cox regression. Survival was also influenced by grade of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgery is highly reliable for reconstructing defects resulting from oncologic resections of the cranial base. It can and should be undertaken using a small number of highly dependable flaps.

title: Long-term outcome of skull base surgery with microvascular reconstruction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial infections']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and to assess the contributing factors in @entity1 developing bone @entity3 in @entity5 . METHODS: Two thousand thirteen @entity1 had a diagnosis of @entity5 at Samsung Medical Center between June 1994 and December 2011. During the study period, 105 @entity1 with bone @entity3 were identified, and their clinicopathologic data were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: Among 105 @entity1 with bone @entity3 , 14 @entity1 were excluded and 91 @entity1 were evaluable. The median bone @entity3 -free survival was 27 months (range, 0-279 months).The time to bone @entity3 was significantly shorter in @entity1 with @entity420 than in @entity1 with @entity957 (median duration, 12 vs 29 months; P = 0.016). In addition, it was shorter in @entity1 with stage IIB to stage IV disease than in those with stage I to stage IIA disease (15 vs 22 months; P = 0.02). The median survival after bone @entity3 was 10 months, longer in the @entity1 who received radiotherapy (   chemotherapy) than in the @entity1 who received chemotherapy alone as a salvage therapy (12 vs 7 months; P = 0.01). Initial stage, number of bone metastases, location of involved bone, and coexisting metastatic lesion were not associated with the overall survival of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that @entity420 , advanced stage (IIB-IV) and initial multiple bone metastases contribute to earlier bone @entity3 . Once bone @entity3 was recognized, the survival of these @entity1 was poor and no factors were identified to predict survival of those @entity1 .

title: Contributing factors for bone XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['uterine cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether parasite @entity281 is correlated with a reduced number of exacerbations and altered immune reactivity in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). METHODS: A prospective, double-cohort study was performed to assess the clinical course and radiological findings in 12 @entity15 @entity1 presenting associated @entity1712 . All @entity1 presented @entity281 with positive stool specimens. In all parasite-infected @entity15 @entity1 , the @entity1712 was not present during the 2 previous years. Eosinophil counts were monitored at 3- to 6-month intervals. When counts became elevated, @entity1 were enrolled in the study. @entity3646 , @entity688 , IL-12, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and @entity379 production by @entity2610 -specific peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied using enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). @entity403 and @entity8110 expression were studied by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: During a 4.6-year follow-up period, parasite-infected @entity15 @entity1 showed a significantly lower number of exacerbations, minimal variation in disability scores, as well as fewer magnetic resonance imaging changes when compared with uninfected @entity15 @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity2610 -specific responses in peripheral blood showed a significant increase in @entity688 and @entity2533 and a decrease in IL-12 and @entity379 -secreting cells in infected @entity15 @entity1 compared with noninfected @entity1 . @entity2610 -specific T cells cloned from infected subjects were characterized by the absence of @entity1199 and @entity3646 production, but high @entity688 and/or @entity2533 secretion, showing a cytokine profile similar to the T-cell subsets @entity18012 and Th3. Moreover, cloning frequency of @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + T cells was substantially increased in infected @entity1 compared with uninfected @entity15 subjects. Finally, @entity8110 messenger RNA was not detected in T cells from infected @entity15 @entity1 secreting @entity2533 . INTERPRETATION: Increased production of @entity688 and @entity2533 , together with induction of @entity2902 + @entity404 + @entity403 + T cells, suggests that regulatory T cells induced during parasite infections can alter the course of @entity15 .

title: Association between parasite XXXX and immune responses in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['Myelin basic protein', 'myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'parasitic infections']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The increase in drug resistance and invasion caused by biofilm formation brings enormous challenges to the management of @entity6923 . @entity117 's antibiofilm activity in vitro was discovered recently. The spectrophotometric method and the XTT { @entity43804 } reduction assay used for data generation make it possible to evaluate fungal biofilm growth accurately. The combined use of the most commonly used methods, the @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) and a newly developed method, the /\E model, which uses the concentration-effect relationship over the whole concentration range instead of using the MIC index alone, makes the interpretation of results more reliable. As an attractive tool for studying the pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial agents, time-kill curves can provide detailed information about antimicrobial efficacy as a function of both time and concentration. In the present study, in vitro interactions between @entity117 ( @entity117 [ @entity1281 ]) and @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) against @entity1358 and biofilm cells of @entity5132 and @entity7409 were evaluated by the checkerboard microdilution method and the time-kill test. Synergistic and indifferent effects were found for the combination of @entity1281 and @entity11015 against @entity1358 , while strong synergy was found against biofilm cells analyzed by @entity6251 . The /\E model gave more consistent results with @entity6251 . The positive interactions in concentration were also confirmed by the time-kill test. Moreover, this approach also revealed the pharmacodynamics changes of @entity1281 and synergistic action on time. Our findings suggest a potential clinical use for combination therapy with @entity1281 and @entity11015 to augment activity against biofilm-associated @entity281 .

title: In vitro interactions between @entity117 and @entity2379 against XXXX and biofilm cells of @entity5132 and @entity7409 .

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infection']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['planktonic cells']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['fractional inhibitory concentration index', 'FICI']

entities_list: @entity43804 :: ('MESH:C059087', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['planktonic cells']


abstract: @entity172 replacement therapy is considered antiatherosclerotic because it reduces LDL @entity165 and fibrinogen and increases HDL @entity165 concentrations. However, exogenous @entity172 is also known to increase hepatic @entity412 production. @entity407 in the @entity1985 is probably due to increased lipoprotein secretion into plasma and decreased clearance of lipoprotein @entity165 and @entity1674 . Previously, lipid-lowering effects of ovariectomy in analbuminemic @entity35 were observed, suggesting that in the presence of @entity4988 , @entity172 replacement may have adverse effects on the lipid profile. To test this hypothesis, ovariectomized control @entity35 and @entity35 with @entity632 -induced @entity1985 were treated with @entity53 . In ovariectomized controls, @entity53 reduced plasma LDL @entity165 , @entity8151 , and fibrinogen and increased @entity8150 and @entity1674 . @entity1985 @entity35 were characterized by a marked decrease in plasma colloid osmotic pressure, hyperfibrinogenemia, @entity407 , and stimulated hepatic @entity844 synthesis. The beneficial effects of @entity53 on LDL @entity165 , @entity8151 , and fibrinogen found in ovariectomized controls were not present in @entity53 -treated @entity1985 @entity35 . This suggests that in @entity4988 , downregulation of the @entity3244 overrides putative @entity53 -induced increases in @entity3244 activity. Moreover, @entity172 replacement in the @entity1985 doubled @entity844 synthesis and @entity412 secretion, and markedly exacerbated @entity2298 , suggesting saturation of @entity412 clearance. Thus, severe @entity4988 in @entity35 induces an @entity731 metabolic response that is aggravated by @entity172 replacement. These findings suggest that @entity172 replacement in hypoalbuminemic subjects could be contra-indicated.

title: @entity172 replacement during @entity4988 may enhance XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia', 'hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'Nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: PURPOSE: In its recent proposal, the Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against @entity302 classified @entity302 with @entity7965 (CEOP) into two syndromes with different predominant @entity410 types: early onset (Panayiotopoulos type) with eye deviation and @entity391 and late onset (Gastaut type) with @entity227 . We documented the clinical features of a large group of @entity1 with CEOP to confirm whether the classification is justified. METHODS: A file review of all @entity1 with partial-onset @entity410 and interictal occipital spikes referred to our pediatric @entity410 unit between January 1975 and May 1997 yielded 134 who met the criteria for CEOP. Data were collected with a specially developed protocol and classified according to the two International League Against @entity302 : (a) @entity410 classification, to test age-specific differences associated with the predominant @entity410 type, and (b) syndrome classification, to determine whether the clusters of signs and symptoms are sufficiently delineated. RESULTS: Three groups were defined according to the predominant ictal manifestations. Group 1 (visual) consisted of 24 @entity1 (17.9%) with @entity227 ; 19 (14%) of these @entity1 also had overlapping adversive manifestations, either as a separate @entity410 or as part of the same event (median age at first and last @entity410 , 7 years 11 months and 10 years). Group 2 (adversive) consisted of 72 @entity1 (53.7%) with @entity735 (median age at first and last @entity410 , 5 years 2 months and 7 years 2 months). Group 3 (nonvisual, nonadversive) consisted of 38 @entity1 (28.4%) with various @entity410 spread patterns (median age at first and last @entity410 , 6 and 7 years 2 months). Two syndromes were identified. The Gastaut type included all 24 @entity1 in the visual group (group 1); @entity410 were brief and frequent and were diurnal in 83%. The Panayiotopoulos type included all 72 @entity1 in group 2; @entity735 occurred in 100% of the @entity1 and @entity391 in 44%; prolonged @entity410 were observed in 35% and were more frequent in @entity1 who had @entity391 than in those who did not (46.8% versus 25%, respectively; p < 0.027). @entity410 were infrequent; 24% of @entity1 had a single @entity410 and 58% had nocturnal @entity410 . Onset was earlier than for the Gastaut type (p < 0.002). The 38 @entity1 with nonoccipital manifestations did not satisfy the criteria for the complete form of either syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The most common type of CEOP, the Panayiotopoulos type, is characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms sufficiently delineated to justify their separate classification from Gastaut-type CEOP, despite the @entity391 in more than 50% of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX with @entity7965 : clinical variants in 134 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['ictal visual symptoms', 'initial ictal visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['absence of ictal vomiting', 'ictal vomiting']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['tonic eye deviation', 'ictal eye deviation']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['occipital paroxysms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy systems', 'Epilepsy', 'childhood epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Childhood epilepsy']


abstract: During the last five years, 37 @entity1 with @entity1241 because of childbirth have been investigated. Ages varied from 22 to 62 years and duration of symptoms from 0.3 to 26 years. Anal manometry was performed in all @entity1 and electromyography was performed in 24 @entity1 . Thirty @entity1 underwent delayed sphincter repair. In all @entity1 , a dehiscence was found anteriorly, bridged by scar tissue. Continence was restored in 25 @entity1 (83 percent). Electromyography was performed postoperatively in @entity1 who remained incontinent and who demonstrated severe denervation. All these @entity1 had undergone previous sphincter repair. In seven @entity1 , there were no signs of @entity130 . Electromyography demonstrated severe denervation, but sphincter mapping did not demonstrate muscle discontinuity. Continence improved in four @entity1 within one year as a result of reinnervation demonstrated by electromyography. The authors conclude that @entity1241 after childbirth may be due to either @entity397 or denervation. Both disorders may coexist. Delayed sphincter repair gives excellent results provided that denervation is not present. Preoperative assessment with electromyography is mandatory.

title: Obstetric XXXX . Role of pelvic floor denervation and results of delayed sphincter repair.

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric injury']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The basal rate of cell proliferation in the @entity1 parathyroid gland is generally believed to be low, but has never previously been measured directly, although, as in other tissues, it is relevant to the pathogenesis of @entity5 . METHODS: We retrieved embedded tissue blocks of parathyroids removed at autopsy from 39 @entity1 without hypercalcaemia or @entity8 , aged 18 to 76 years (mean 47.6). New sections were cut and examined for expression of Ki-67, a cell-cycle marker, using the @entity1758 antibody with microwave antigen retrieval, and tonsil as positive control. Using an eyepiece graticule with unbiased square-counting frame, positively labelled chief cells were counted in large squares and total chief cells in small squares in fields selected by systematic random sampling from multiple regions. A minimum of 15 x 10(3) chief cells were accumulated in each case. The prevalence of Ki-67 positive cells per 10(4) cells (label index or @entity3162 ) was converted to cell birth rate assuming that the duration of Ki-67 expression was 24 hours. In ten cases, the entire section was examined; a map of the distribution of the positive cells was reconstructed, and divided into outer and inner regions. RESULTS: The geometric mean value for @entity3162 was 1.44/ 10(4), and multiplicative SD 2.54. The corresponding geometric mean cell-birth rate was 5.24%/year and 95% confidence interval 0.81-33.8%/year. We found no significant effect of age, sex, race, or duration of tissue storage. The distribution of cells conformed to a Poisson distribution, and there was no difference between central and peripheral regions. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Our results establish the @entity1 parathyroid gland as a conditionally renewing tissue with very low basal cell-birth rate; other reports of much higher @entity3162 values are probably due to selective and consequently biased sampling. (2) Since the total number of cell divisions is a major determinant of the total number of mutations, our results place some constraints of possible mechanisms for @entity3243 .

title: The basal rate of cell proliferation in normal XXXX parathyroid tissue: implications for the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal renal function']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid neoplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity5 cells can proliferate rapidly, and giving radiotherapy in many small fractions may reduce long-term normal-tissue morbidity. In response to these observations, we developed the @entity400 ( @entity400 ) regimen, which uses thirty-six small fractions of 1.5 Gy given three times per day, to give 54 Gy in only 12 consecutive days. We report the long-term follow-up of a trial of @entity400 versus conventional radiotherapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: 563 @entity1 were entered by thirteen centres between April, 1990, and March, 1995. We included @entity1 with @entity1149 localised to the chest with a performance status of 0 or 1 in whom radical radiotherapy was chosen as the definitive management. @entity1 were randomly allocated in a 3:2 ratio to @entity400 or conventional radiotherapy. The latter was thirty fractions of 2 Gy to a total dose of 60 Gy in 6 weeks. RESULTS: The groups were well matched for possible prognostic factors. Overall there was a 24% reduction in the relative risk of @entity204 , which is equivalent to an absolute improvement in 2-year survival of 9% from 20% to 29% (p = 0.004, 95% CI 0.63-0.92). Subgroup analyses (predefined) suggest that the largest benefit occurred in @entity1 with @entity957 (82% of the cases), in whom there was a 34% reduction in the relative risk of @entity204 (an absolute improvement at 2 years of 14% from 19% to 33%). During the first 3 months, severe @entity1282 occurred more often in the @entity400 group than in the group on conventional radiotherapy (19 vs 3%). Otherwise, there were no important differences in short-term or long-term morbidity. INTERPRETATION: @entity400 compared with conventional radiotherapy gave a significant improvement in survival of @entity1 with @entity1149 . Further improvement may be achieved with dose escalation in conformal radiotherapy, by the addition of cytotoxic chemotherapy, and by @entity519 cell radiosensitisation.

title: Continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy ( XXXX ) versus conventional radiotherapy in @entity1149 : a randomised multicentre trial. @entity400 Steering Committee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy', 'CHART']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['CHART']


abstract: @entity2491 uses two-component regulatory systems (TCRSs) to respond to environmental stimuli. Upon @entity281 , the TCRSs PhoP-PhoQ (PhoPQ) and PmrA-PmrB (PmrAB) are activated by environmental signals detected in the lumen of the intestine and within host cells. TCRS-mediated gene expression leads to upregulation of genes involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification and cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance. This research expands on previous studies which have shown that CAMPs can activate @entity2491 TCRSs in vitro. The focus of this work was to determine if CAMPs can act as environmental signals for PhoPQ- and PmrAB-mediated gene expression in vitro, during @entity281 of macrophages and in a @entity19 model of @entity281 . Monitoring of PhoPQ and PmrAB activation using recombinase-based in vivo expression technology (RIVET), alkaline phosphtase and b-galactosidase reporter fusion constructs demonstrated that @entity2491 PhoQ can sense CAMPs in vitro. In @entity19 macrophages, the cathelecidin @entity20474 does not activate the PhoPQ regulon. Acidification of the @entity2491 -containing vacuole activates PhoP- and PmrA-regulated loci but blocking acidification still does not reveal a role for @entity20474 in TCRS activation in @entity19 macrophages. However, assays performed in susceptible @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity20474 knockout (KO), and matrilysin (a metalloproteinase necessary for activating @entity19 a-defensins) KO @entity19 suggest @entity20474 , but not a-defensins, serve as a putative direct TCRS activation signal in the @entity19 intestine. These studies provide a better understanding of the in vivo environments that result in activation of these virulence-associated TCRSs.

title: Cationic antimicrobial peptides serve as activation signals for the XXXX PhoPQ and PmrAB regulons in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella', 'S. Typhimurium', 'Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella Typhimurium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory mediator concentration was found to be increased in active @entity29 , and this could be related to an insulin-resistant state. Moreover, glucocorticoids, which are widely used in the treatment of @entity29 , are notoriously related to insulin resistance. AIM: To measure body composition, whole body @entity413 uptake and oxidation in @entity30 and @entity31 @entity1 with inactive disease. METHODS: All @entity1 had clinical, ultrasound and biochemical assessment. Body composition was determined by isotopic dilution technique; basal metabolic rate and substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Ten @entity1 with inactive @entity30 (five males, aged 31.1 +/- 7.0 years) and 10 @entity1 with inactive @entity31 (five males, aged 33.4 +/- 8.8 years) participated in the study. Forty healthy subjects, matched for age and height were used as a control group. RESULTS: @entity30 @entity1 showed lower BMI (P < 0.001), fat mass (P < 0.05) and respiratory quotient (P < 0.001) values compared to both @entity31 and control subjects. No difference in peripheral @entity413 uptake (micromol/kg/min) was found between groups (respectively 42.5 +/- 6.78 in @entity30 , 40.2 +/- 8.00 in @entity31 and 41.4 +/- 10.8 in control subjects). @entity413 storage and oxidation did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that @entity29 @entity1 in a remission phase of the disease activity had a whole body @entity413 uptake and oxidation similar to those of control subjects, probably due to fat-free mass preservation and low blood and tissue cytokine concentration.

title: @entity413 metabolism and insulin sensitivity in inactive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND Hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are mostly used as supportive measures to reduce infectious complications associated with @entity1398 . Over the past decade, the use of HGFs became a common method for mobilizing @entity1 @entity2280 + stem cells, either for autologous or allogeneic transplantation. However, since their introduction the long-term safety of the procedure has become a major focus of discussion and research. Most information refers to healthy normal donors and data concerning pregnant and lactating @entity1 are scarce. The clinical question, which is the core of this review, is whether stem cell donation, preceded by administration of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) for mobilization, is a safe procedure for pregnant donors. METHODS Literature searches were performed in Pubmed for English language articles published before the end of May 2012, focusing on @entity1261 administration during pregnancy, lactation and hematopoietic stem cell donation. Searches included animal and @entity1 studies. RESULTS Data from animals (n = 15 studies) and @entity1 (n = 46 studies) indicate that @entity1261 crosses the placenta, stimulates fetal granulopoiesis, improves neonatal survival mostly for very immature @entity1 , promotes trophoblast growth and placental metabolism and has an anti-abortive role. Granulocyte macrophage-CSF is a key cytokine in the maternal immune tolerance towards the implanted embryo and exerts protective long-term programming effects to preimplantation embryos. The available data suggest that probably CSFs should not be administered during the time of most active organogenesis (first trimester), except perhaps for the first week during which implantation takes place. Provided CSF is administered during the second and third trimesters, it appears to be safe, and pregnant @entity1 receiving the CSF treatment can become hematopoietic stem cell donors. There are also risks related to the anesthesia, which is required for the @entity236 . During lactation, there should be a period of at least 3 days to allow for clearance of CSF from milk before resuming breast feeding. With regard to teratogenicity or leukaemogenity, in non-pregnant or non-lactating @entity1 reports show that CSF administration is associated with a risk for @entity1778 ; however, this risk is not higher compared with the control population. CONCLUSIONS The information available to date indicates that administration of CSF in general, and @entity1261 in particular, is safe and healthy pregnant @entity1 can serve as donors of either bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells. However, the clinical experience is rather limited and therefore until more data become available, @entity1261 should not be used during pregnancy and lactation when other therapeutic options, instead of stem cell transplantation, are available.

title: XXXX for hematopoietic stem cell donation from healthy female donors during pregnancy and lactation: what do we know?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Differences between neonatal, pediatric and adult airway anatomy, structure and function are important to understand. Size, surface area, proportion, resistance and compliance are all very different between age groups and @entity1 are certainly not small adults. Knowledge of these airway differences is essential in rapid correction of an emergency situation. Unanticipated airway emergencies are the most serious of all and may be classified into profiles such as the unanticipated emergency in the non-intubated @entity1 , the unanticipated emergency in the intubated @entity1 , and @entity1 with tracheostomy. A neonatal airway emergency can be effectively managed by a strategy for anticipation, identification, preparation, mobilization, and execution. Furthermore, neonatal airways may be classified by severity in being considered either difficult or critical. These neonatal specific clinical challenges have recently substantiated the need for a distinct neonatal airway algorithm. This strategy is strengthened by regular education of the team and frequent simulation of airway emergencies. Following a predetermined pathway for activating an airway emergency alert and having all necessary equipment readily available are essential components of a well-defined strategy. Finally, knowing the pediatric otolaryngologist's perspective of what defines these @entity1030 and current management is key to working collaboratively.

title: XXXX of the fetus and neonate: An overview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disorders']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Airway disorders']


abstract: New @entity2383 of @entity1 @entity5320 and @entity5322 have recently been reported, and in this study, we wanted to compare them with previously used homology models with respect to predictions of site of metabolism and ligand-enzyme interactions. The data set consisted of a family of synthetic opioid analgesics with the aim to cover both @entity5320 and @entity5322 , as most of these compounds are metabolized by both isoforms. The program MetaSite was used for the site of metabolism predictions, and the results were validated by experimental assessment of the major metabolites formed with recombinant CYP450s. This was made on a selection of 14 compounds in the data set. The prediction rates for MetaSite were 79-100% except for the @entity5322 homology model, which picked the correct site in half of the cases. Despite differences in orientation of some important @entity1522 in the active sites, the MetaSite-predicted sites were the same for the different structures, with the exception of the @entity5322 homology model. Further exploration of interactions with ligands was done by docking substrates/inhibitors in the different structures with the docking program GLUE. To address the challenge in interpreting patterns of enzyme-ligand interactions for the large number of different docking poses, a new computational tool to handle the results from the dockings was developed, in which the output highlights the relative importance of @entity1522 in CYP450-substrate/inhibitor interactions. The method is based on calculations of the interaction energies for each pose with the surrounding @entity1522 . For the @entity5322 structures, this method was compared with consensus principal component analysis (CPCA), a commonly used method for structural comparison to evaluate the usefulness of the new method. The results from the two methods were comparable with each other, and the highlighted @entity1522 resemble those that were identified to have a different orientation in the compared structures. The new method has clear advantages over @entity37619 in that it is far simpler to interpret and there is no need for protein alignment. The methodology enables structural comparison but also gives insights on important @entity535 substrate/inhibitor interactions and can therefore be very useful when suggesting modifications of new chemical entities to improve their metabolic profiles.

title: Exploration of enzyme-ligand interactions in XXXX _ 3A4 homology models and @entity2383 using a novel computational approach.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['crystal structures']

answer: @entity5320 :: (1565,Gene) :: ['CYP2D6']


abstract: The laying hen represents a physiological model in which the mechanisms of action of @entity172 on lipid transport can be evaluated. The plasma lipoproteins in the laying hen were subfractionated into discrete particle species by isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation and the physicochemical properties and apolipoprotein contents of individual subfractions evaluated. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of this @entity172 -specific profile were then compared to those of the immature @entity1573 . As observed earlier, @entity172 induced dramatic elevation in @entity37768 ( @entity37768 ) (up to 900 mg/dl). Indeed, @entity412 -rich lipoproteins with densities up to 1.035 g/ml, i.e. @entity37768 and their remnants, behaved as a continuum which displayed little variation in size (20.5-21 nm), electrophoretic mobility (beta-like) and apolipoprotein content; apo B-100 (540 kDa) predominated while @entity37769 (27 kDa), apo @entity37768 -II (19 kDa) and an apo-C-like protein (13 kDa) were present as minor components. The typical high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the immature @entity1573 were replaced by a lipoprotein population whose physicochemical properties were quite distinct. Thus these particles were distributed as a single, asymmetric peak over the density range 1.030-1.158 g/ml, a wide interval which overlapped that of apo-B-rich particles at its lower limit. The rho 1.030-1.158 g/ml lipoproteins were present at concentrations (approximately equal to 200 mg/dl) some twofold to threefold lower than those of HDL in immature birds. Furthermore, they displayed physical and chemical properties in common with both low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and HDL and were LDL-like in exhibiting beta mobility but HDL-like in size (9-15 nm diameter). Their protein moiety was also HDL-like in its predominant content of @entity37769 ; small amounts of apo @entity37768 -II and the apo-C-like protein were also detected. Substantial amounts of lipid were found at rho greater than 1.195 g/ml: such substances are absent in the immature @entity1573 and may reflect the presence of vitellogenins. The hyperestrogenic state in the laying hen is therefore associated with major modifications in lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile. Such modifications may be of relevance to clinical disorders involving @entity172 -induced @entity407 .

title: Alterations in plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins associated with @entity172 -induced XXXX in the laying hen.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity37768 :: ('396154(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['VLDL', 'very-low-density lipoproteins']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: SIGNIFICANCE: African Americans with @entity5 are less likely to use hospice services and more likely to die in the hospital than white @entity1 with the same diagnosis. However, there is much that is not understood about the factors that lead African Americans to choose options for end-of-life care. DESIGN: A qualitative, descriptive design was used in this pilot study. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with two groups of African Americans with @entity5 ( @entity1 enrolled in hospice and those who were not under hospice care). FINDINGS: End-of-life decisions were primarily guided by clinical factors, the @entity1 -related physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that are sequelae of the underlying disease or medical treatments. The physician was the healthcare provider most likely to be involved in decision making with @entity1 , family members, and caregivers. Individual factors, such as personal beliefs, influenced end-of-life decision making. Religion and spirituality were a topic in many interviews, but they did not consistently influence decision making. DISCUSSION: Future studies should include interviews with family members, caregivers, and healthcare professionals so that factors that impact end-of-life decision making can be fully described. Strategies to facilitate recruitment will need to be added to future protocols.

title: Factors That Impact End-of-Life Decision Making in African Americans With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Advanced Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childhood @entity3519 can severely impact upper limb function. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be effective in reducing @entity3520 in childhood. Functional recovery following DBS is however not well understood. AIMS: To explore changes in upper limb function following DBS in paediatric @entity3519 . METHODS: Upper limb outcomes, using the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function, are reported in 20 cases of childhood @entity3519 (unilateral n = 1, four limb n = 19) at 6 and 12 months following DBS. RESULTS: Improvement in at least in one upper limb was seen in the majority of cases (n = 17, 85%) at 12 months following DBS. Deterioration of scores in both upper limbs was seen in 3 @entity1 with progressive disorders. Grouping the @entity1 aetiologically, a significant improvement in the dominant hand was obtained for the @entity3520 / @entity3519 -plus group at both six (p = 0.018) and twelve months (p = 0.012). In @entity3520 due to a @entity74 , improvement was also seen at 6 (p = 0.043) and 12 months (p = 0.046) in the non-dominant hand. No significant change was found in the group of @entity1 with progressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS: DBS has the potential to alter upper limb function in @entity1 with primary and @entity3520 . The dominant hand improved most in @entity1 with @entity3520 , with greater improvement in the non-dominant hand in secondary-static cases.

title: Improvement in upper limb function in XXXX with @entity3519 following deep brain stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic symptoms', 'primary dystonia', 'secondary dystonia', 'primary dystonias']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['static disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidermal permeability alterations induced by ablative fractional resurfacing and low-frequency ultrasound technology may offer drug delivery for the treatment of @entity2805 through transepidermal drug delivery (TED). This technology can improve treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical response and side effects of TED technology in @entity2805 in the body and on the face using ablative fractional radiofrequency (RF) associated with low-frequency acoustic pressure ultrasound (US). METHODS: Four @entity1 with @entity2805 were treated with @entity2713 using fractional ablative RF and US. The treatment procedure comprised three steps: (i) ablative fractional RF for skin perforation; (ii) topical application of @entity2995 20  mg/ml on the perforated skin; and (iii) acoustic pressure wave US applied to enhance @entity2713 penetration into the skin. RESULTS: Complete resolution was seen after one session in @entity1 with scars on the nose and mandibular area. The scar on the neck showed complete resolution after four sessions. The scar on the knee showed a marked improvement after four sessions. Mild and homogeneous @entity194 was observed in @entity2805 on the neck. CONCLUSION: Ablative fractional RF associated with acoustic pressure US is a new technology aiming to increase drug delivery into skin. This new method can improve the efficacy of @entity230 in @entity1184 scar treatment, minimizing the risks of localized @entity194 and irregular appearance of the treated lesion.

title: Topical delivery of XXXX via skin pretreated with ablative radiofrequency: a new method in @entity1184 scar treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2713 :: (MESH:D014221,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although chemotherapy in advanced @entity788 procures dismal results, both @entity1487 and @entity136 have shown a modest activity. We report a phase II study of @entity136 combined with protracted @entity1487 . METHODOLOGY: @entity136 was given at 1000 mg/m2/week intravenously, in combination with concomitant @entity1487 200 mg/m2/day as a protracted venous infusion, both 3 out of 4 weeks in @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity788 . Twenty-nine @entity1 were enrolled, among whom 27 were metastatic. Response rate, overall and progression-free survival were endpoints, as well as tolerance and clinical benefit. RESULTS: We observed 3 (10%) partial responses, and 12 (42%) stabilizations within which the median disease control was 5.6 months. The median progression-free and overall survivals were 2.8 and 4 months, respectively. A clinical benefit was observed in 39% of @entity1 . Myelosuppression was the main @entity137 , but no grade 4 was observed. Other @entity137 were mild. CONCLUSIONS: This combination chemotherapy was well tolerated in advanced @entity788 @entity1 .

title: @entity136 and protracted XXXX for advanced @entity788 . A phase II study.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-FU']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) mild @entity221 in deep tissue targets for enhancing radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the context of recurrent @entity5 . A preclinical study was performed to evaluate the safety and performance of MR-HIFU mild @entity221 . A prospective imaging study was performed in volunteers with @entity5 to evaluate MR thermometry quality near the rectum and accessibility of @entity5 using MR-HIFU. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Mild @entity221 was performed in @entity1707 thigh (9 sonications, 6 @entity1707 ) using a clinical MR-HIFU system. Targets near the rectal wall and deep thigh were evaluated. Thermal maps obtained in 6 planes every 3.2  seconds were used to control sonications in 18-mm diameter treatment regions at temperatures of 42  C to 42.5  C for 10 to 60  minutes. Volunteer imaging-only studies to assess the quality of MR thermometry (without heating) were approved by the institutional research ethics board. Anatomic and MR thermometry images were acquired in consenting volunteers with @entity5 . In 3 of 6 study @entity1 , rectal filling with saline was used to reduce motion-related MR thermometry artifacts near the @entity5 . RESULTS: In @entity1707 , mean target temperature matched the desired @entity221 temperature within 0.2  C; temporal standard deviation  <=0.5  C. With optimized control thresholds, no undesired tissue damage was observed. In @entity1 volunteers, MR temperature measurements had adequate precision and stability, especially when rectal filling was used to reduce bowel motion. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1707 , MR-HIFU can safely deliver mild @entity221 (41  C-43  C) to a targeted volume for 30  minutes. In @entity1 , careful @entity1 selection and preparation will enable adequate targeting for recurrent @entity5 and sufficient MR temperature mapping stability to control mild @entity221 . These results enable @entity1 trials of MR-HIFU @entity221 .

title: Magnetic Resonance-Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Hyperthermia for Recurrent XXXX : MR Thermometry Evaluation and Preclinical Validation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Male @entity250 is an increasing problem across a variety of general and clinical populations, such as @entity5 populations; especially among @entity263 @entity1 who tend to receive treatments that often result in @entity323 ( @entity323 ) and/or @entity2754 ( @entity2754 ). Therefore, in order to diagnose @entity323 and @entity2754 in these populations, adequate and efficient instruments such as the International Index of Erectile Function 5-item version (IIEF-5) and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) are needed. However, since this is an important topic additional evidence of psychometric properties of the IIEF-5 and the PEDT in such samples are required. Thus the aim of the present study was to use Rasch models to investigate the construct validity, local dependency, score order, and differential item functioning (DIF) of both questionnaires in a sample of @entity263 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity263 @entity1 (n = 1058, mean  SD age = 64.07  6.84 years) who visited urology clinics were invited to fill out the IIEF-5 and the PEDT. Construct validity was examined using infit and outfit mean square (MnSq) and local dependency using correlations between each two residual Rasch scores. Score order was investigated using step and average measures of difficulty and DIF using DIF contrast. RESULTS: All IIEF-5 and PEDT items had acceptable infit and outfit MnSq. Step measures revealed that all but two items had disordered categories in terms of scores 1 to 3. Only one local dependency was found, and no items displayed DIF across age, educational level, and help seeking. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that both the IIEF-5 and the PEDT had sound psychometric properties in the Rasch analyses, although some score disordering could be detected in both instruments. The results of no DIF items in both instruments suggest using them to compare @entity323 and @entity2754 across age and educational level is adequate.

title: Rasch Analysis of the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in an Iranian Sample of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore whether ethnic variations in @entity146 admission and detention reported for adults also apply to adolescents and to establish the influence of diagnosis. DESIGN: A longitudinal, case-note study over a 10-year period. SETTING: An adolescent inpatient @entity146 unit in London. @entity1 : All adolescents admitted to the unit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of admission and detention under the Mental Health Act, according to catchment area population. RESULTS: Young Black @entity1 were nearly six times more likely than the White group to be admitted with @entity716 but showed no increase in admission for non-psychotic conditions. Young @entity1 in the Other group were over three times more likely to be admitted with @entity716 but showed only a modest increase in admission with non-psychotic conditions. Young Asians were over twice as likely to be admitted with @entity716 but were only one-third as likely to be admitted with non-psychotic conditions. Young @entity1 with @entity716 in the Black and Other groups were around three times more likely to have been detained, but there were no significant differences for non-psychotic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Significant ethnic variation was found in the rates of admission and detention for adolescents. However, diagnosis was also an important consideration and must be taken into account when examining for evidence of ethnic bias in the use of mental health services by young @entity1 . Further investigation is required to establish whether adolescent care pathways are providing a safe and appropriate level of inpatient care for all ethnic groups.

title: The role of ethnicity and diagnosis in rates of adolescent XXXX admission and compulsory detention: a longitudinal case-note study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the relative cost-effectiveness of two AEDs by a prospective clinical audit. @entity1 @entity1021 on the adjunctive therapies @entity2812 and @entity1771 were recruited from the out- @entity1 @entity302 clinics at Queen Square. Three interview were scheduled: baseline; three months follow-up and six months from baseline. Of the 81 @entity1 recruited, a total of 73 @entity1 completed all three interviews. An intention to treat analysis was performed on the data. @entity410 severity and frequency were assessed using the National Hospital @entity410 Severity Scale. Side-effects, adverse events and reasons for stopping medication were also recorded. At the third interview, a total of 47/73 (64%) were still on the prescribed adjunctive drug. Outcome was assessed by two methods: the > 50% @entity410 reduction cited in the literature and a more stringent assessment of @entity1 'satisfaction' which we defined operationally on clinical criteria. Using this definition, a total of 10/73 (14%) @entity1 were 'satisfied'. The relative costs of @entity1021 @entity1 on each of the two AEDs were calculated, both drug costs and the costs of adverse events (the latter were defined as events requiring urgent medical attention). The costs of the two drugs were compared. A number of methodological issues relating to cost comparison are discussed. Outcome and pharmaco-economic studies need to assess more than reduction in number of @entity410 . They should take into account variables important for quality of life including side-effects and adverse events.

title: Adjunctive therapy in XXXX : a cost-effectiveness comparison of two AEDs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of early functional disability in @entity1 with @entity32 ( @entity32 ), for all-cause and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) mortality. METHODS: 1010 subjects with new-onset @entity32 from the Norfolk @entity625 Register were studied. All were seen at baseline and at 1 year. @entity283 ( @entity283 ) scores were obtained at both time points. Vital status at 10 years from registration was established through central records. Mortality (all-cause and @entity65 ) per 1000 @entity1 -years were calculated by @entity283 stratum ( @entity283 scores<1, 1-2 and>or=2). The predictive value of @entity283 (per unit increase) at the two time points, adjusted for age at onset of symptom, sex and other factors found to predict mortality, was assessed using Cox regression models. The analysis was repeated for those who satisfied the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) by 5 years. RESULTS: By 10 years, 171 (16.9%) subjects had died. 89 @entity204 (52%) were attributed to @entity65 . Mortality was greatest in the highest @entity283 group at both time points. Following adjustment for other predictors, @entity283 score at year 1 remained a significant predictor of all-cause mortality (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.85) and @entity65 mortality (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.97). The predictive value of @entity283 at year 1 was similar in the @entity309 subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that at 1 year of follow-up, @entity283 score is an important independent predictor of subsequent all-cause and @entity65 mortalities in @entity1 with @entity32 and @entity309 . Baseline @entity283 scores are of less value.

title: Early functional disability predicts both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in XXXX with @entity32 : results from the Norfolk @entity625 Register.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'inflammatory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HAQ', 'Health Assessment Questionnaire']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical studies, chemistry manufacturing and controls, and clinical pharmacology and toxicology that led to Food and Drug Administration approval of @entity32344 (Arranon) for the treatment of @entity11511 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Two phase 2 trials, one conducted in pediatric @entity1 and the other in adult @entity1 , were reviewed. The i.v. dose and schedule of @entity32344 in the pediatric and adult studies was 650 mg/m2/d daily for 5 days and 1,500 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Treatments were repeated every 21 days. Study end points were the rates of complete response (CR) and CR with incomplete hematologic or bone marrow recovery (CR*). RESULTS: The pediatric efficacy population consisted of 39 @entity1 who had relapsed or had been refractory to two or more induction regimens. CR to @entity32344 treatment was observed in 5 (13%) @entity1 and CR+CR* was observed in 9 (23%) @entity1 . The adult efficacy population consisted of 28 @entity1 . CR to @entity32344 treatment was observed in 5 (18%) @entity1 and CR+CR* was observed in 6 (21%) @entity1 . @entity137 was dose limiting for both pediatric and adult @entity1 . Other severe @entity137 included @entity854 in pediatric @entity1 and @entity344 in adults. CONCLUSIONS: On October 28, 2005, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval for @entity32344 for treatment of @entity1 with relapsed or @entity11511 after at least two prior regimens. This use is based on the induction of CRs. The applicant will conduct postmarketing clinical trials to show clinical benefit (e.g., survival prolongation).

title: Approval summary: XXXX for the treatment of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and pulmonary toxicities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma', 'refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity32344 :: ('MESH:C104457', 'Chemical') :: ['nelarabine']

answer: @entity32344 :: (MESH:C104457,Chemical) :: ['nelarabine']


abstract: @entity582 of oral origin may result in @entity884 in susceptible individuals. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the occurrence of @entity582 due to periodontal probing. Thirty @entity1 (15 male, 15 female; mean age 42.7 years) with untreated @entity2521 were investigated. All were free of significant medical disorders and none had taken antibiotics in the previous month. Prior to and immediately following periodontal probing, 20 mL of venous blood were obtained from each @entity1 and inoculated into aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles and incubated. Negative bottles were monitored continuously for three weeks before being discarded. Periodontal probing consisted of measuring pockets at six points around each tooth and recording the presence or absence of @entity548 . A positive @entity582 was recorded for three of the @entity1 prior to probing. One @entity1 exhibited Prevotella species whilst two exhibited skin commensals. Following probing, 13 @entity1 (43 per cent) exhibited @entity582 of oral origin. Viridans streptococci were the most common isolates (45 per cent). No significant correlations were found between @entity582 and the severity of @entity2521 or extent of @entity548 on probing. The results indicate that periodontal probing can cause @entity582 in @entity1 with @entity2521 . It would be advisable for @entity1 considered at risk of developing @entity884 to receive antibiotic prophylaxis for periodontal probing if they have radiographic evidence of @entity2521 .

title: XXXX caused by periodontal probing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia', 'Bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity582 :: (MESH:C531821,Disease) :: ['Bacteraemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The cumulative incidence for @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) after primary @entity978 ( @entity978 ) ranges between 1% and 6%. To investigate the course of disease for secondary @entity1893 , we retrospectively analyzed @entity1 treated within clinical trials of the German @entity978 Study Group (GHSG) since 1981. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1981 to 1998, the GHSG conducted three generations of clinical trials for the treatment of primary @entity978 involving a total of 5,406 @entity1 . Reference histology by an expert panel was obtained for 4,104 of the @entity1 . Data on incidence, treatment, and outcome of secondary @entity1893 were updated in March 1999. RESULTS: At first diagnosis of @entity978 , the pathologists rejected 114 (2.1%) of 5,520 cases initially diagnosed as @entity978 and rediagnosed them as primary @entity1893 . Fifty-two (0.9%) of the remaining 5,406 @entity1 developed a secondary @entity1893 . One @entity1 was excluded from further analyses because of insufficient documentation. Six @entity1 had no further therapy because of @entity1 refusal (n = 1) or rapidly progressive disease (n = 5). For the remaining 45 @entity1 , overall response rate was 43% (36% complete response and 7% partial response). The actuarial 2-year freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) and overall survival (OS) for all @entity1 was 24% and 30%, respectively, and for @entity1 with @entity4812 , it was 28% and 35%, respectively. Time of occurrence of secondary @entity1893 after first diagnosis of @entity978 and variables employed in the age-adjusted International Prognostic Factor Index (IPFI) significantly influenced treatment outcome. CONCLUSION: In the GHSG, the incidence of secondary @entity1893 with 0.9% is relatively low compared with previously reported series. The prognosis of secondary @entity1893 seems dismal and is significantly influenced by time of occurrence and the age-adjusted IPFI. In a subset of @entity1 with secondary @entity1893 , long-term disease-free survival could be achieved.

title: @entity1893 after primary @entity978 in the German XXXX Study Group: incidence, treatment, and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non-Hodgkin lymphoma's"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's Lymphoma", 'HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse large-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's Lymphoma']


abstract: It is important to ascertain the contribution of anesthesia to perioperative mortality in order to enable improvement in the safety and quality of care. Scanty literature regarding anesthetic mortality from developing countries is available. We present data regarding anesthesia related mortality in a university hospital in a developing country. We reviewed all @entity1 @entity204 occurring between 1992-2003 occurring within 24 hours of anesthesia, as part of departmental quality assurance activity. The aim of study was to identify any contributing factors associated with mortality, and to compare our data with similar studies from developed and developing countries. 111,289 cases were handled in this period. Within 24 hours the crude mortality was 35 (3.14: 10,000). 3 @entity1 died at induction, 13 intraoperatively and one at emergence. In the postoperative period 18 (51%) cases of mortality occurred. In 4 (11%) cases anesthesia was found to be solely responsible (0.35 per 10,000), in 8 (23%) cases anesthesia was found to be partially responsible (0.7 per 10,000). In 23 @entity1 disease and surgical factors played a primary role. In 10 (28.5%) cases @entity204 were considered to be avoidable. Two time periods were also compared. Between 1992-1998 anesthesia mortality was 0.68: 10,000 anesthetics, and from 1999-2003 it was 0.18: 10,000 Higher mortality was observed with advancing age, higher ASA status, emergency and complex surgical procedures. @entity1 factor, @entity1 error, inadequate preoperative @entity86 and lack of supervision were identified as preventable factors.

title: XXXX in a developing country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['preparation, inappropriate postoperative care']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['Anesthetic deaths']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) in @entity1 with @entity296 . We explored the accuracy of resting echocardiographic and tissue Doppler parameters to predict a positive response by low-dose METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 100 consecutive @entity1 with prior @entity583 , and a @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) < 35%. They underwent resting echocardiographic assessment of @entity1002 , wall motion score index (WMSI), mitral E and A peak velocities, E/A ratio, E peak deceleration time, isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), early mitral annular diastolic velocity (e'), and E/e' ratio. Subsequently, they underwent low-dose DSE for assessment of myocardial viability. The presence of viability was defined by improvement of the regional wall motion score by > or =1 grade in > or = 5 myocardial segments, with > or = 20% reduction in WMSI compared with baseline evaluation. Thirty-six @entity1 had a negative response to DSE (group 1); 64 had a positive response (group II). Resting @entity1002 was higher, and resting WMSI lower in group II versus group I; E peak deceleration time and IVRT shorter in group I (P < 0.05 for all). Multivariable regression analysis identified @entity1002 , WMSI, and IVRT as the independent predictors of a positive response to DSE. A cutoff value of @entity1002 of > 25% predicted viability with a sensitivity of 85.9%, specificity 80.6%; WMSI of < or = 2.6 had a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity 61.1%; IVRT of > 60 msec had a sensitivity of 93.7%, specificity 47.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Resting @entity1002 > 25%, WMSI < 2.6, and IVRT > 60 msec predicted viability with a high sensitivity; however, with the exception of @entity1002 , specificity was quite low.

title: Does resting echocardiography predict a positive response to subsequent low-dose XXXX stress echocardiography in @entity1 with @entity296 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for @entity1 Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) project addresses the need for effective @entity65 ( @entity65 ) prevention among underserved, midlife @entity1 . We describe an Enhanced Intervention that addressed environmental and individual factors within the context of a clinic-based intervention. We also present the study design and baseline results of the randomized trial to evaluate the enhanced intervention. METHODS: The multicomponent behavior change intervention addressed many elements of the Chronic Care Model (CCM), including the community resources and policy element, wherein Enhanced Intervention @entity1 were encouraged to overcome environmental barriers to a healthy lifestyle by using community resources. Study @entity1 were enrolled at one community health center; all were low-income, underinsured, midlife (40-64 years) @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 236 @entity1 were randomized to receive the Enhanced Intervention or the Minimum Intervention. At baseline, over three fourths of the @entity1 were overweight or @entity28 . @entity1 reported a variety of problematic neighborhood characteristics, including a @entity8404 of restaurants with healthy food choices (41% reported as a problem); not enough farmer's markets or produce stands (50%), not enough affordable exercise places (52%), not enough physical activity programs that met @entity1 's needs (42%), heavy traffic (47%), and speeding drivers (53%). Overall, @entity1 knew little about affordable exercise venues and nutrition classes. CONCLUSIONS: In this clinic-based intervention, we addressed environmental factors related to a healthy lifestyle. Results indicate the need for effective and feasible intervention strategies to address the environments in which individuals are making behavior changes. The effectiveness of the WISEWOMAN Enhanced Intervention will be assessed in a randomized trial.

title: Linking clinical care to community resources for XXXX prevention: the North Carolina Enhanced WISEWOMAN project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vibroarthrographic (VAG) signals are used as useful indicators of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) status. The objective was to build a template database of knee crepitus sounds. Internships can practice in the template database to shorten the time of training for diagnosis of @entity571 . METHODS: A knee sound signal was obtained using an innovative stethoscope device with a goniometer. Each knee sound signal was recorded with a Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade. The sound signal was segmented according to the goniometer data. The signal was Fourier transformed on the correlated frequency segment. An inverse Fourier transform was performed to obtain the time-domain signal. Haar wavelet transform was then done. The median and mean of the wavelet coefficients were chosen to inverse transform the synthesized signal in each KL category. The quality of the synthesized signal was assessed by a clinician. RESULTS: The sample signals were evaluated using different algorithms (median and mean). The accuracy rate of the median coefficient algorithm (93  %) was better than the mean coefficient algorithm (88  %) for cross-validation by a clinician using synthesis of VAG. CONCLUSIONS: The artificial signal we synthesized has the potential to build a learning system for medical students, internships and para-medical personnel for the diagnosis of @entity571 . Therefore, our method provides a feasible way to evaluate crepitus sounds that may assist in the diagnosis of knee @entity571 .

title: Synthesis of vibroarthrographic signals in XXXX diagnosis training.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with nonpalpable @entity2318 ( @entity2318 ) identified with color duplex ultrasonography (CDU) comprise a group of previously unrecognized @entity1 with wide-ranging sexual concerns. AIM: We aim to identify the clinical characteristics of @entity1 presenting with this atypical form of @entity545 characterized by the absence of palpable @entity85 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 482 consecutive @entity1 who presented to a tertiary care @entity323 ( @entity323 ) clinic and underwent CDU after satisfying inclusion criteria, 27 (5.6%) @entity1 with nonpalpable @entity2318 and no dorsal or ventral plaque were identified. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), CDU, and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 with nonpalpable @entity2318 was 49 years. The length of time from onset of symptoms to presentation was 22 months, and the pretreatment IIEF score was 14. The remaining 455 @entity1 who underwent CDU were of similar age (48 years) but had a markedly lower IIEF score of 9.5 (statistical median). @entity2318 @entity1 presented with @entity2003 (20), penile shortening (13), @entity1118 with erection (13; mean 33 months), and the inability to maintain an erection (7). Fourteen @entity1 had failed phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor therapy, and four reported unsatisfactory results. Management options included retrial with oral agents, intracavernous pharmacotherapy, @entity1855 injections, and surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The clinician should be suspicious for nonpalpable @entity2318 in @entity1 with sexual concerns who present with @entity2003 , @entity393 , and @entity1118 with erection. Our findings support the use of CDU for this @entity1 group, particularly when previous treatment has failed, because @entity1 with @entity2318 had a greater likelihood of having no palpable @entity85 or curvature and ongoing @entity546 .

title: Nonpalpable scarring of the penile septum as a cause of XXXX : an atypical form of @entity545 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['decreased penile rigidity']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['ISS', 'isolated septal scars']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['length loss']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: This study was designed to assess whether the acute blood pressure response of an individual @entity101 @entity1 to a @entity460 antagonist or an @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor is a good predictor of the long-term efficacy of these drug classes in this particular @entity1 . The concept that good responses to @entity1289 inhibitors and @entity460 antagonists may be mutually exclusive was also tested. Sixteen @entity1 were included in a randomized crossover trial of @entity4688 , 20 mg daily, and @entity3988 , 120 mg daily, for 6 weeks each. Blood pressure was measured by ambulatory blood pressure recording. During the washout phase, the acute effect of @entity594 , 10 mg p.o., and enalaprilat, 5 mg i.v., was evaluated. @entity594 and enalaprilat reduced blood pressure equally well. The long-term blood pressure reduction induced by @entity4688 and @entity3988 was similar. The acute blood pressure response to a given drug was not a good predictor of the result obtained with long-term therapy. No age dependency of the antihypertensive effect of either drug class was apparent. There was no evidence that a good response to one drug excluded a similarly good response to the other.

title: Individual responses to converting enzyme inhibitors and XXXX antagonists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: An examination of the effect of the @entity4028 antibiotics @entity17998 and @entity5154 on mitochondrial ribosome function in @entity375 has been made. Both antibiotics are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis in isolated mitochondria. With isolated mitochondrial ribosomes programmed with @entity22878 (poly U), the drugs are shown to inhibit @entity37251 synthesis at moderately high concentrations (above 100 microgram/ml). At lower concentrations (about 10 microgram/ml), @entity17998 and @entity5154 cause a 2-3 fold stimulation in the extent of misreading of the UUU codons in poly U, over and above the significant level of misreading catalyzed by the ribosomes in the absence of drugs. Comparative studies have been made between a @entity17998 sensitive strain D585-11C and a mutant strain 4810P carrying the par l-r mutation in mtDNA, which leads to high resistance to both @entity17998 and @entity5154 in vivo. A high level of resistance to these antibiotics is observed in strain 4810P at the level of mitochondrial protein synthesis in vitro. Whilst the degree of resistance of isolated mitochondrial ribosomes from strain 4810P judged by the inhibition of @entity37251 synthesis by @entity17998 and @entity5154 is not extensive, studies on misreading of the poly U message promoted by these drugs demonstrate convincingly the altered properties of mitochondrial ribosomes from the mutant strain 4810P. These ribosomes show resistance to the stimulation of misreading of the codon UUU brought about by @entity17998 and @entity5154 in wild-type mitochondrial ribosomes. Although strain 4810P was originally isolated as being resistant to @entity17998 , in all the in vitro @entity535 incorporation systems tested here, the 4810P mitochondrial ribosomes show a higher degree of resistance to @entity5154 than to @entity17998 . It is concluded that the parl-r mutation in strain 4810P affects a component of the mitochondrial ribosome, possibly by altering the 15S rRNA or a protein of the small ribosomal subunit. The further elucidation of the functions in the ribosomes that are modified by the parl-r mutation was hampered by the inability of current preparations of @entity375 mitochondrial ribosomes to translate efficiently natural messenger RNAs from the several sources tested.

title: Biogenesis of mitochondria 51: biochemical characterization of a mitochondrial mutation in @entity375 affecting the mitochondrial ribosome by conferring resistance to XXXX antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity17998 :: ('MESH:D010303', 'Chemical') :: ['paromomycin']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity22878 :: ('CHEBI:73279', 'Chemical') :: ['polyuridylic acid']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity37251 :: ('MESH:C012001', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenylalanine']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: @entity3519 is a @entity71 @entity717 characterized by sustained muscle contractions that produce repetitive movements and abnormal postures. Specific information on the prevalence of @entity3519 has been difficult to establish because the existing epidemiological studies of the condition have adopted different methodologies for case ascertainment, resulting in widely differing reported prevalence. Medline and Embase databases were searched using terms specific to @entity3519 for studies of incidence, prevalence, and epidemiology. All population-based studies reporting an incidence and/or prevalence of @entity3520 were included. Sixteen original studies were included in our systematic review. Fifteen studies reported the prevalence of @entity3519 , including 12 service-based and three population-based studies. We performed a meta-analysis on the results of the service-based studies, and were able to combine data on the prevalence of several @entity3519 subtypes. From these studies, we calculated an overall prevalence of @entity3520 of 16.43 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.09-22.32). The prevalence of @entity3519 reported in the three population-based studies appears higher than that reported in the service-based studies. Only 1 of the 16 studies reported an incidence of cervical @entity3519 . This corresponded to a corrected incidence estimate of 1.07 per 100,000 @entity1 -years (95% CI: 0.86-1.32). Despite numerous studies on the epidemiology of @entity3519 , attempting to determine an accurate prevalence of the condition for health services planning remains a significant challenge. Given the methodological limitations of the existing studies, our own prevalence estimate of @entity3520 likely underestimates the true prevalence of the condition.

title: The prevalence of XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['primary dystonia']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'Dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity3520 :: (MESH:D020821,Disease) :: ['primary dystonia']


abstract: Seventeen mostly elderly @entity1 , 13 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , were consecutively admitted for implant-prosthodontic treatment after they had undergone resection of @entity5 in the oral cavity. A total of 53 dental implants (ITI-Straumann) was placed, 12 in the maxilla, 41 in the mandible. The prosthetic rehabilitation consisted of overdenture therapy in 15 @entity1 , and 2 @entity1 were treated with fixed partial prostheses. Thirty-three implants were prescribed for @entity1 who received radiotherapy either before or after implant placement. The average dose varied between 50 and 74 Gy. Eighteen implants were located in grafted bone from the fibula, scapula, or hip. For 2 @entity1 , hyperbaric @entity26 therapy was also prescribed after @entity7190 had developed. One implant was lost before prosthetic loading. During an observation period of up to 7 years after loading, 3 more implants were removed. All implant losses occurred in the mandibles of @entity1 who had received radiotherapy. A life table analysis was performed, and the cumulative survival rates, calculated for 2, 3, and 5 years, were 93%, 90%, and 90% respectively. No failures or complications were observed with technical components of the implants or prostheses. All prostheses could be maintained during the entire observation time. Although in the present investigation the survival rate of implants was slightly lower than under standard conditions, the treatment with implant-supported prostheses seemed to be advantageous for @entity1 who had undergone intraoral resections.

title: Life table analysis and clinical evaluation of oral implants supporting prostheses after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the early morphological results of a new @entity7687 (SRD) between bony and cartilaginous nose structures. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective, multi-judge, blind comparison of pre- and post-operative photographs displayed on Google documents was designed. A nasal morphology analysis grid based on 10 items was fulfilled independently by 6 judges to assess pre- and post-operatively, two times with a 15 day interval, the severity of @entity85 by a score between 0 and 2. The sum of all deformities in a single @entity1 produced the individual global score of @entity85 , which was set between 0 and 20 for each @entity1 . Pre- and post-operative individual global scores were compared using Student s t test on paired samples. Percentages of post-operative improvement and deterioration were calculated for each item. RESULTS: Thirty-five SRD were analyzed. Before surgery, 80% of noses were humped and 86% were crooked; three months after surgery, 64% of noses had a rectilinear nasal crest on profile and 57% on facial view. The mean global score of deformities drop- ped from 11.1 before surgery to 5.8 after surgery, an improvement of 47% . Improvement rates of 82% and 74.3% were obtained, respectively, for hump profiles and orbitonasal lines. DISCUSSION: The early morphological results of SRD allow to propose this technique as a possible solution to correct crooked noses with humps.

title: XXXX : early assessment of a new technique for morphological correction of crooked noses.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['each deformity', 'nasal deformity']

entities_list: @entity7687 :: ('MESH:D001184', 'Disease') :: ['septorhinoplasty technique based on disarticulation']

answer: @entity7687 :: (MESH:D001184,Disease) :: ['Septorhinoplasty by disarticulation']


abstract: AIMS: To demonstrate the economic implication of adopting @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) for the characterization of diminutive @entity1127 in the colon from an English payer perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A decision-tree model was undertaken to perform a cost-consequence and budget impact analysis from the NHS England perspective in the UK, over a 7-year time horizon. Clinical inputs came from the published literature (both randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses) identified through a systematic literature review, and cost inputs came from national list prices and unpublished internal market data. Deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) was conducted on the budget impact results to assess their robustness. RESULTS: Optical diagnosis with @entity2996 offered cost savings vs white light endoscopy (WLE) over 7 years due to reductions in histological exams, resections, and associated adverse events, while having minimal impact on health outcomes. Budget impact analysis demonstrated annual cost savings of   141 192 057 over 7 years, with histological exams being the biggest cost driver. DSA showed these results to be robust, but most sensitive to the cost of tariff with and without biopsy, and the cost of histological exam. Break-even analysis to explore how changing the unit cost and number of biopsies per @entity1 would change the budget impact found @entity2996 consistently offered net savings, even if the cost of biopsy was   0. LIMITATIONS: Although every effort was made to ensure robustness of results, as with any model, there were some limitations including a lack of published data for certain clinical inputs and potential variation between model inputs and real-life cost and market share values. CONCLUSIONS: Optical diagnosis with @entity2996 was found to be equally effective compared with the standard of care (WLE), while potentially enabling cost savings from the NHS England perspective.

title: Economic value of narrow band imaging versus white light endoscopy for the characterization of diminutive XXXX in the colon: systematic literature review and cost-consequence model.

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['NBI', 'narrow-band imaging']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We provide histological details of the development of oocytes in the cyprinodontid @entity36467 , @entity36467 . There are six stages of oogenesis: Oogonial proliferation, chromatin nucleolus, primary growth (previtellogenesis [PG]), secondary growth (vitellogenesis), oocyte maturation and ovulation. The @entity43 are lined by a germinal epithelium composed of epithelial cells and scattered oogonia. During primary growth, the development of cortical alveoli and oil droplets, are initiated simultaneously. During secondary growth, yolk globules coalesce into a fluid mass. The full-grown oocyte contains a large globule of fluid yolk. The germinal vesicle is at the animal pole, and the cortical alveoli and oil droplets are located at the periphery. The disposition of oil droplets at the vegetal pole of the germinal vesicle during late secondary growth stage is a unique characteristic. The follicular cell layer is composed initially of a single layer of squamous cells during early PG which become columnar during early vitellogenesis. During primary and secondary growth stages, filaments develop among the follicular cells and also around the micropyle. The filaments are seen extending from the zona pellucida after ovulation. During ovulation, a space is evident between the oocyte and the zona pellucida. Asynchronous spawning activity is confirmed by the observation that, after ovulation, the @entity43 contain follicles in both primary and secondary growth stages; in contrast, when the seasonal activity of oogenesis and spawning ends, after ovulation, the @entity43 contain only follicles in the primary growth stage. J. Morphol., 2016.            2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Oogenesis: From Oogonia to Ovulation in the @entity36467 , XXXX Goode and Bean, 1879 (Teleostei:  Cyprinodontidae).

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian lamellae']

entities_list: @entity36467 :: ('28745', 'Species') :: ['flagfish', 'Jordanella floridae']

answer: @entity36467 :: (28745,Species) :: ['Jordanella floridae']


abstract: A rapid method for analyzing trace levels of @entity21865 (CQ) in meat samples by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The samples were extracted with @entity1626 , followed by a rapid cleanup through a dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) technique with @entity36292 (C18) DSPE sorbents. The chromatographic separation was achieved within 6 min using a HILIC column with 10 mM @entity6190 and 0.1% (v/v) @entity5189 in water/ @entity1626 (v/v, 40:60) as the mobile phase. Quantification was performed using a matrix-matched calibration curve, which was linear in the range of the 0.05-100  g/L. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated at 0.03  g/kg for CQ on the basis of a peak to peak signal noise (S/N = 3). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.1  g/kg on the basis of the lowest spiked concentration with suitable precision and accuracy. The average recovery of CQ in spiked meat samples was 86.4-94.7% at 2, 20, and 200  g/kg. Finally, this method was applied to determine CQ in the livestock and poultry meats purchased from markets in Beijing in 2011. CQ was detected in all 12 samples, and the concentration was 0.4-636.0  g/kg. Concentrations in a @entity1573 sample (636.0  g/kg) and a @entity1237 meat sample (486.0  g/kg) were found to be 15.9 and 2.43 times the corresponding Codex maximum residue limits, respectively.

title: Rapid determination of XXXX in meat by dispersive solid-phase extraction and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity36292 :: ('CHEBI:26755', 'Chemical') :: ['octadecyl']

entities_list: @entity21865 :: ('MESH:D002716', 'Chemical') :: ['chlormequat']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity21865 :: (MESH:D002716,Chemical) :: ['chlormequat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite colonoscopic surveillance, @entity4309 @entity1 develop @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Identification of modifiable factors has the potential to improve outcome of surveillance. The aims of this study were to determine (1) characteristics of @entity1 with @entity14 , (2) endoscopic and histological features of these @entity5 , and (3) quality of the previous colonoscopy. METHODS: Approximately 2,200 medical reports from proven and obligate mutation carriers identified at the Dutch Lynch Syndrome Registry and two large hospitals were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of an @entity5 defined as @entity14 diagnosed within 24 months of previous colonoscopy. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity5 were detected in 29 @entity1 (median age of 52 [range 35-73]), after a median time of 17 months. All were @entity6756 or @entity4311 mutation carriers, and 39 % had a previous @entity14 . In @entity1 without previous surgery for @entity14 , 84 % was proximally located. Of all @entity5 , 77 % were at local stage (T1-3N0Mx). In three @entity1 (9 %) with an incomplete previous colonoscopy, @entity14 was located in the unexamined colon. In six of the nine @entity1 with an @entity652 during previous colonoscopy, the @entity5 was detected in the same colonic segment as the previously removed @entity652 . CONCLUSIONS: Interval @entity5 were detected in @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutation carriers, especially in those with a history of previous @entity14 and between 40 and 60 years. Interval @entity5 could be related to @entity445 and possibly residual adenomatous tissue. Further @entity5 risk may be achieved by optimizing endoscopy quality and individualization of surveillance guidelines.

title: Quality colonoscopy and risk of XXXX in @entity4309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['interval cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'reduction of the interval cancer', 'interval cancer']

entities_list: @entity445 :: ('MESH:C536298', 'Disease') :: ['incompleteness of previous endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['interval cancer']


abstract: An increase of @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) and a decrease of @entity3479 have been associated with the transition from normal to adenomatous @entity14 . Serial sections from 25 @entity652 were used to identify PA-related caseinolytic activities by in situ zymography, blocking selectively @entity2290 or tPA. The distribution of @entity2290 , tPA, and type 1 PA inhibitor mRNAs was investigated by nonradioactive in situ hybridization, and the receptor for @entity2290 was detected by immunostaining. Low- and high-grade epithelial cell @entity1141 was mapped histologically. Results show that 23 of 25 @entity652 expressed @entity2290 -related lytic activity located predominantly in the periphery whereas tPA-related activity was mainly in central areas of @entity652 . In 15 of 25 @entity652 , @entity2290 mRNA was expressed in stromal cells clustered in foci that coincided with areas of @entity2290 lytic activity. The probability of finding @entity2290 mRNA-reactive cells was significantly higher in areas with high-grade @entity5115 . @entity2290 receptor was mainly stromal and expressed at the periphery. Type 1 PA inhibitor mRNA cellular expression was diffuse in the stroma, in endothelial cells, and in a subpopulation of alpha-smooth muscle cell actin-reactive cells. These results show that a stromal up-regulation of the @entity2290 / @entity1351 system is associated with foci of severe @entity1141 in a subset of @entity2513 .

title: In situ stromal expression of the urokinase/ @entity1351 system correlates with XXXX in @entity2513 .

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity5115 :: (MESH:C567703,Disease) :: ['epithelial dysplasia']