abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the development of @entity302 in a @entity1 group with @entity5719 followed at a tertiary pediatric neurology center. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 108 @entity1 aged between 2 and 8 years with radiologically proven @entity5719 who had been regularly observed at the Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology outpatient clinic between January 2006 and December 2011. RESULTS: @entity410 were reported in 22 @entity1 (20.3%), 14 of whom developed @entity302 . A significant correlation was found between @entity410 and @entity3465 and newborn @entity1763 (p=0.013 and p=0.010, respectively). @entity302 developed in 35 @entity1 (32.4%), history of @entity410 and more severe loss of white matter, periventricular hyperintensity and corpus callosum involvement were found to be correlated with @entity302 (p=0.001, p=0.004, p=0.016, and p=0.004, respectively). The most common @entity410 pattern observed was generalized tonic clonic @entity410 (n=13) and complex partial @entity410 (n=11). Those with focal EEG findings had a significantly better neurodevelopmental and cognitive level than those with multifocal/generalized EEG findings (p=0.024). @entity410 continued with varying frequency in 14 @entity302 @entity1 (40%) despite antiepileptic treatment. CONCLUSION: Almost a third of @entity1 with @entity5719 develop @entity302 that can be intractable in substantial part. @entity410 and severe MRI findings are important clues that can indicate the development of @entity302 in these @entity1 .

title: @entity302 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'neonatal seizures', 'Seizures', 'seizures', 'Neonatal seizures']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity5719 :: (MESH:D007969,Disease) :: ['periventricular leukomalacia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in muscular strength and endurance, work capacity, and subjective @entity1295 following surgical treatment of @entity459 ( @entity459 ), and to assess whether changes in muscular function were due to changes in activation of the muscles. A prospective consecutive study design was used, and @entity1 surgically treated for nontoxic @entity5651 served as controls. Nineteen female @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity459 and 20 controls were included. Maximal isometric handgrip and quadriceps strength, quadriceps endurance (intermittent stimulation), and quadriceps activation (superimposed twitch technique) were used for evaluation of muscular function. All @entity1 were operated on successfully. Knee extension strength increased by 17 +/- 17% (mean +/- SD; p = 0.0004) in the @entity1 , whereas no change was observed in the controls. The relative strength increase correlated positively to @entity1 age at operation (r = 0.52, p = 0.02). Handgrip strength, quadriceps endurance, and general work capacity did not change in any group after operation. Subjective @entity1295 was preoperatively higher in @entity1 than in controls (p = 0.01), and decreased postoperatively to the level of controls. In conclusion, @entity1 with @entity459 increase knee extension force after parathyroidectomy as a result of increased force generation capacity of the muscle. If change in physical performance is a determinant for change in subjective @entity1295 in @entity459 after operation, then change in strength of the quadriceps muscle seems to be of primary importance, whereas handgrip strength, muscular endurance, and work capacity do not seem to be important. The cause of the increasing strength benefit with increasing age at operation as found in this study needs further investigation.

title: Muscular performance and @entity1295 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['pHPT', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with @entity565 are managed exclusively in primary care. Little is known about the patterns of @entity409 in these @entity1 and how these relate to other aspects of the disease. AIMS: We set out to assess this in a cross-sectional study of 262 @entity1 . METHODS: Symptoms, spirometry, airway responsiveness, reversibility, and airway @entity32 were all assessed. Exacerbations requiring oral @entity288 in the preceding year were enumerated. RESULTS: @entity1 had heterogeneous patterns of @entity409 . Those with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/ forced vital capacity ratio of <0.7 had more exacerbations in the previous year (2.2 vs. 0.8; mean difference 1.4; 95% CI 0.4 to 2.4; p=0.007). @entity1 with normal results had less @entity32 (proportion with a sputum eosinophil count of >1.9%, 20% vs. 48%,     =14.8, df=3; p<0.001) and fewer exacerbations (0.5 vs. 1.4; mean difference -0.9; 95% CI -1.4 to -0.4; p=0.001) but similar symptom scores (6.2 vs. 6.9; p=0.2) compared with @entity1 with any abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity565 have mixed patterns of physiological impairment; many have no airflow obstruction or airway hyper-responsiveness. The physiological characterisation of @entity565 is not related to symptoms and is of little value in predicting exacerbations or @entity32 .

title: A cross-sectional study of patterns of @entity409 , symptoms and morbidity in primary care XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic airway inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['airway dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study gaze in @entity19355 @entity1 during pursuit and passive @entity717 . BACKGROUND: Smooth pursuit and vestibularly induced @entity1319 interact to maintain the accuracy of @entity1319 in space (i.e., gaze). Previous studies have implicated the cerebellum, particularly the floccular lobe and dorsal vermis, in the control of gaze velocity during pursuit and @entity2194 . @entity19355 has recently been identified genetically and characterized as @entity6447 that affects the cerebellar cortex selectively. METHODS: Using infrared oculography, @entity1319 of five @entity19355 @entity1 and five age-matched normal control subjects were recorded during sinusoidal pursuit and passive @entity717 in the horizontal plane (amplitude, +/- 10 deg; frequency, 0.2 Hz). Eye and gaze gain (eye and gaze velocity/stimulus velocity) were calculated after deleting saccades. RESULTS: Eye gain of all @entity19355 @entity1 during pursuit was significantly lower than those of the control subjects (mean +/- SD, 0.26+/-0.06 versus 0.91+/-0.07). In contrast, eye gain of the @entity1 was not significantly different from that of the control subjects either during VOR cancellation, when the subjects tracked a target that moved with the same amplitude and phase, like a chair (0.21+/-0.05 versus 0.12+/-0.07), or during visually enhanced VOR (x1), when the target remained stationary in space (0.85+/-0.06 versus 0.95+/-0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in mean VOR gain in total darkness between the two groups. Gaze gain of @entity1 (0.26+/-0.06 versus 0.81+/-0.06) but not control subjects (0.91+/-0.07 versus 0.88+/-0.08), was significantly different during pursuit and VOR cancellation. CONCLUSION: @entity19355 @entity1 @entity4785 in the control of gaze tracking during smooth pursuit and VOR cancellation.

title: Dissociation of smooth pursuit and XXXX in @entity19355 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) cancellation']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['show dissociation']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['pure cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['whole-body rotation']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['eye movements']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['vestibulo-ocular reflex cancellation']


abstract: The search for the evolutionary roots of @entity1 language has fuelled much research into the cognitive mechanisms underlying communication in nonhuman animals. One core issue has been whether the context-specific calls of nonhuman animals are meaningful, with call meaning inferred from recipients' responses in the absence of supporting contextual cues. This direct inference may well offer an oversimplified view of how vocalisations are perceived, however, as responses under natural conditions are likely guided by contextual cues as well as by the signal. In this study, we investigate how the anti-predator responses of @entity3176 , @entity46933 , are affected by alarm call structure and by context. We first simulated the presence of @entity14301 and snakes to elicit alarm vocalisations and to identify predator-typical response behaviours. In both contexts, the monkeys produced chirp calls that revealed only graded variation in relation to predator type. We then carried out playback experiments to explore whether @entity3176 would respond with predator-typical behaviour to @entity14301 and snake chirps, and whether contextual cues, in the form of pre-exposure to a @entity14301 or snake model, would modify these responses. Irrespective of context, subjects were more likely to respond to @entity14301 chirps with a @entity14301 -typical response. Predator priming did not have a significant effect on the type of response, but, together with call type, did affect response duration. This suggests that the immediate attribution of meaning was influenced by acoustic cues, whilst receiver's prior knowledge was incorporated to guide subsequent behaviour.

title: Meaning attribution in the West African XXXX : influence of call type and context.

entities_list: @entity14301 :: ('9691', 'Species') :: ['leopards', 'leopard']

entities_list: @entity46933 :: ('60711', 'Species') :: ['Chlorocebus sabaeus']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['green monkeys']

answer: @entity3176 :: (9534,Species) :: ['green monkey']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate using Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) how pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) affects orbital circulation in diffuse @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) associated with either the epiretinal membrane (ERM) or @entity47587 posterior hyaloid (TPH). METHODS: The sample included 46 eyes of 42 @entity1 with @entity1103 associated with the ERM (n = 22, Group 1) or TPH (n = 24, Group 2). All @entity1 received panretinal laser photocoagulation and antivascular endothelial growth factor injections preoperatively and underwent 23-gauge @entity2286 combined with ERM or TPH removal and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Pre- and postoperative peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and the resistivity index (RI) of the @entity432 ( @entity432 ), central retinal artery (CRA), @entity1416 ( @entity1416 ), and central retinal vein were measured with DUS. RESULTS: Statistically significant decreases in the PSV and EDV of the @entity432 , CRA, and @entity1416 were detected in all groups. In Group 1, the PSV of the @entity432 and CRA as well as the EDV and PSV of the @entity1416 declined significantly. In Group 2, the EDV of the @entity432 and both the PSV and EDV of the CRA and @entity1416 decreased. Postoperatively, the CRA's PSV and EDV were lower in Group 2, while the preoperative and postoperative RI of the CRA and preoperative RI of the @entity1416 were greater in Group 2 than in Group 1. Changes in the CRA's RI, PSV, and EDV were greater in Group 2 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: 23-Gauge @entity2286 combined with ERM or TPH removal and ILM peeling in @entity1103 reduces blood flow rates of both @entity989 . In eyes with TPH, the RIs of the CRA and @entity1416 were significantly greater preoperatively and the changes in the CRA's RI, PSV, and EDV were greater postoperatively. The removal of the TPH may play a role in regulating blood flow.

title: The Effects of 23-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy on Orbital Circulation Using Doppler Ultrasonography in XXXX with Epiretinal Membrane and @entity47587 Posterior Hyaloid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['posterior ciliary artery', 'PCA']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal and retinal vessels']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'ophthalmic artery']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Macular Edema']


abstract: There is lack of data on the prevalence of @entity2144 in the health care setting in Iran. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of @entity2144 and type IV @entity566 to latex and rubber additives among the operating room staff with glove-related symptoms in 13 general hospitals in Tehran. Skin-prick tests with commercial latex extract, patch tests with latex and 25 rubber additive series, and total and latex-specific IgE detection were performed on the operating room staff who reported latex glove-related symptoms. Five hundred twelve self-administered questionnaires (100%) were completed by all operating room staff and latex glove-related symptoms were reported by 59 (11.5%) employees. Among all symptomatic operating room staff tested, the prevalence of @entity2144 was 30.5% and the prevalence rates of type IV @entity566 to latex and rubber additives were 16.7 and 14.6%, respectively. The most positive patch test result with rubber additives was related to @entity45763 (38.5%). The risk factors for @entity2144 were female sex (p = 0.009) and positive patch test with rubber additives (p = 0.012). Subjects who had positive patch test with latex were significantly more likely to have positive patch test with rubber additives (p < 0.0001). Our results showed a high prevalence of @entity2144 and type IV @entity566 to latex and rubber additives. Based on this study, we recommend eliminating powdered latex gloves from the operating rooms of the 13 studied general hospitals and support the substitution of powder-free latex gloves.

title: Prevalence of type I @entity566 to natural rubber latex and type IV XXXX to latex and rubber additives in operating room staff with glove-related symptoms.

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['type I latex allergy', 'latex allergy']

entities_list: @entity45763 :: ('MESH:C034033', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylthiuram monosulfide']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: Previously it has been hypothesized that the granulopoietic and erythropoietic lineages may compete for differentiating stem cells. According to this hypothesis one would expect that a stimulation of granulopoiesis by @entity24778 administration would lead to a reduction of the stem cell pool and be followed by a decline of erythropoietic progenitor numbers. In addition one would expect an enhanced response of granulopoiesis if @entity24778 administration were combined with suppression of erythropoiesis by red cell transfusion. To evaluate whether this hypothesis holds true C57bl @entity19 were injected subcutaneously for 6 d with 3.75 micrograms rh @entity24778 / @entity19 /d (150 micrograms @entity24778 /kg body weight/d). Marrow CFU-S numbers showed an increase to 160% on day 2, followed by a decrease to 50% of control on day 6. Splenic and peripheral blood CFU-S increased 20-fold and 10-fold, respectively. Marrow CFU-E declined to 40% of the control value. Splenic CFU-E increased 10-fold. The increase in marrow @entity7419 numbers ranged between 140% and 180%. @entity7419 obtained from the spleen and the peripheral blood increased 60-fold and 15-fold, respectively. Regarding the CFU-S and @entity7419 a similar pattern of response was found in an experiment where rh @entity24778 administration was combined with an additional red cell transfusion. These data do not provide convincing evidence for an exhaustion of haemopoietic stem cells during treatment with @entity24778 . They rather suggest that an important side effect of @entity24778 treatment is a release of CFU-S and progenitors from the marrow to the peripheral blood and a reseeding in the spleen.

title: Differential effects of recombinant human colony stimulating factor (rh G-CSF) on stem cells in marrow, spleen and peripheral blood in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Between May 1984 and January 1988, 18 @entity1 (31 pyeloureteral units) with documented symptomatic @entity1434 stones were treated. Stone size ranged from 5 to 56 mm. in largest diameter, with an average of 21 mm. All pyeloureteral units were treated initially by endourological methods, including ureteroscopy in 10, percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy in 9, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in 10 and chemolysis in 2. Of the @entity1 10 required a combination of these technologies and 2 required an open operation. Of the 31 units 23 were free of stones when the @entity1 was discharged from the hospital. Of 8 @entity1 with retained stones only 3 had fragments greater than 3 mm. in diameter. Based on this experience an algorithm was developed for the urological management of @entity1434 stones. @entity1607 may be removed by ureteroscopic techniques or manipulated into the renal pelvis and managed as @entity1290 . @entity1434 @entity1290 of less than 1.5 cm. may be treated with ESWL monotherapy. Stones of 1.5 to 3 cm. may be treated with ESWL and dissolution, or percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy plus dissolution. Staghorn calculi may be treated by percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy plus ESWL and/or dissolution for retained fragments.

title: Endourological experience with XXXX calculi and a treatment algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi', 'renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1434 :: ('MESH:D003553', 'Chemical') :: ['Cystine', 'cystine']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['Ureteral calculi']

answer: @entity1434 :: (MESH:D003553,Chemical) :: ['cystine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although intracoronary stenting has decreased @entity256 rate compared to percutaneous @entity661 , still a high number of @entity1 develop in-stent @entity256 , which is an entity primarily due to tissue proliferation. Experimental studies have indicated that the renin-angiotensin system is involved in neointimal @entity1373 . Plasma and cellular levels of @entity1289 are associated with an I/D polymorphism in the @entity1289 gene. Indeed, @entity336 subjects have the higher @entity1289 levels. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility that the I/D polymorphism might be related with in-stent @entity256 . METHODS: We studied the @entity1289 polymorphism in 48 consecutive @entity1 who underwent successful implantation of an elective coronary stent in native coronary vessels and had a 6 month angiographic follow up. @entity256 (50% of the reference vessel) was observed in 23/48 @entity1 . @entity1 with or without @entity256 did not differ in demographic or clinical variables like @entity6 , plasma @entity165 levels or in quantitative angiographic parameters such as vessel reference size or minimal lumen diameter after stent implantation. RESULTS: I/D polymorphism was distributed as follows: 22.9% of the @entity1 were D/D; 14.5% were I/I and 62.5% of the @entity1 were heterozygous I/D. The presence of @entity256 was strongly related with the I/D polymorphism: 81.8% of the @entity1 with D/D genotype had @entity256 , compared with 40.0% of I/D @entity1 and only 14.2% of the I/I @entity1 (chi 2 p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this limited cohort, homocygous D/D of the @entity1289 gene was significantly associated with in-stent @entity256 , whereas @entity256 was infrequent in @entity1 with the I/I genotype.

title: [D/D genotype of the gene for XXXX as a risk factor for post-stent coronary @entity256 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']


abstract: Levels of messenger RNA for nerve growth factor, @entity2136 , @entity10862 , and the @entity669 kinase receptors @entity3249 , @entity10864 and @entity10865 have been studied using in situ hybridization in the @entity35 brain 2 h and four weeks after kindling-induced @entity410 . Epileptiform activity evoked by hippocampal stimulation and exceeding 70 s lead to a concomitant and transient increase of @entity2136 , nerve growth factor, @entity10864 and @entity10865 messenger RNA expression in dentate granule cells after both focal and generalized @entity410 . @entity2136 messenger RNA levels were also increased bilaterally in the CA1-CA3 regions, amygdala and the piriform, entorhinal, perirhinal, retrosplenial and temporal cortices after generalized @entity410 . The magnitude of the increases was similar throughout the development of kindling and in the fully kindled brain. No changes of @entity3249 messenger RNA were observed. In amygdalar kindling, elevated @entity2136 messenger RNA levels developed more rapidly in the amygdala-piriform cortex than after stimulation in the hippocampus but changes in the hippocampal formation were only seen in few animals. Intraventricular @entity2955 or a bilateral fimbria-fornix lesion did not alter basal expression or @entity410 -evoked changes in messenger RNA levels for neurotrophins or @entity3249 receptors but increased the number of animals exhibiting elevated levels after the first stimulation, probably due to a prolongation of @entity410 activity. Both in sham-operated and fimbria-fornix-lesioned @entity35 @entity410 activity caused a marked reduction of @entity10862 messenger RNA levels in dentate granule cells. The results indicate that activation of the @entity2136 gene, at least in dentate granule cells, is an "all-or-none" type of response and dependent on the duration but not the severity of @entity410 or the stage of kindling epileptogenesis. Changes in @entity2136 , nerve growth factor, @entity10862 and @entity10864 and @entity10865 were observed concomitantly in the dentate gyrus, which suggests that @entity410 activity sets in motion a cascade of genomic events possibly mediated via a common mechanism. Since altered messenger RNA levels outside hippocampus were detected only for @entity2136 , neurotrophin and @entity3249 gene expression in these regions seems to be regulated differently.

title: Regulation of neurotrophin and @entity3249 , @entity10864 and XXXX @entity669 kinase receptor messenger RNA expression in kindling.

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['brain- derived neurotrophic factor', 'Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity10865 :: (29613(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['trkC']


abstract: @entity1241 is the impaired ability to control gas or stool. It is a disabling and distressing condition. Its exact incidence and prevalence are unknown. It is a disorder about which @entity1 are frequently reluctant to discuss, even with their physician. However, it is a common condition especially in older individuals, where the prevalence has been reported to approach 60%. In @entity1 , @entity322 reaches 54% as a result of childbirth. Of the @entity1 surgically treated, the female-to-male ratio is 4 to 1. In an epidemiological study to identify its community-based prevalence, the University of Illinois determined @entity1241 existed in 2.2% of the general population. There is available treatment for @entity1241 . Many @entity1 improve with conservative treatment (constipating agents, antidiarrheal medications, dietary changes) or with biofeedback. For @entity1 where conservative treatment has failed, surgical treatment (direct-apposition sphincter repair, overlapping sphincteroplasty, postanal repair, neosphincter procedures) may be successful.

title: A clinical approach to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is widely used, it is not clear which subgroup of locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 should be treated with this approach, and if a particular benefit associated with NCT exists. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential correlates of benefit from NCT in @entity1 with @entity1149 . METHODS: All @entity922 ( @entity922 ) utilizing a NCT arm (without radiotherapy) versus a control arm before surgery were included for metaregression analysis. All regression analyses were weighed for trial size. Separate analyses were conducted for trials recruiting @entity1 with different stages of disease. Previously published measures of treatment efficacy were used for the purpose of this study, regardless of being published in full text or abstract form. RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity922 , consisting of 3,615 @entity1 , were selected. Histology, stage, various characteristics of the NCT protocol, and different trial features including trial quality score were not associated with the benefit of NCT. However, in trials of stage 3 disease only, there was a greater benefit in terms of reduction in mortality from NCT, if protocols with three chemotherapeutics were used (B   =   -0.18, t   =   -5.25, P   =   0.006). CONCLUSIONS: We think that @entity1 with stage 3 @entity1149 are served better with NCT before surgery if protocols with three chemotherapy agents or equally effective combinations are used. In addition, the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is consistent with regard to disease and @entity1 characteristics. This finding should be tested in future @entity922 or individual @entity1 data meta-analyses.

title: The correlates of benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery in XXXX : a metaregression analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality is a widely used, but often criticised, quality indicator for hospitals. In many countries, mortality is calculated from in-hospital @entity204 , due to limited access to follow-up data on @entity1 transferred between hospitals and on discharged @entity1 . The objectives were to: i) summarize time, place and cause of @entity204 for first time @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 and @entity173 , ii) compare case-mix adjusted 30-day mortality measures based on in-hospital @entity204 and in-and-out-of hospital @entity204 , with and without @entity1 transferred to other hospitals. METHODS: Norwegian hospital data within a 5-year period were merged with information from official registers. Mortality based on in-and-out-of-hospital @entity204 , weighted according to length of stay at each hospital for transferred @entity1 (W30D), was compared to a) mortality based on in-and-out-of-hospital @entity204 excluding @entity1 treated at two or more hospitals ( @entity46480 ), and b) mortality based on in-hospital @entity204 (IH30D). Adjusted mortalities were estimated by logistic regression which, in addition to hospital, included age, sex and stage of disease. The hospitals were assigned outlier status according to the Z-values for hospitals in the models; low mortality: Z-values below the 5-percentile, high mortality: Z-values above the 95-percentile, medium mortality: remaining hospitals. RESULTS: The data included 48 048 @entity583 @entity1 , 47 854 @entity64 @entity1 and 40 142 @entity173 @entity1 from 55, 59 and 58 hospitals, respectively. The overall relative frequencies of @entity204 within 30 days were 19.1% ( @entity583 ), 17.6% ( @entity64 ) and 7.8% ( @entity173 ). The cause of @entity204 diagnoses included the referral diagnosis for 73.8-89.6% of the @entity204 within 30 days. When comparing @entity46480 versus W30D outlier status changed for 14.6% ( @entity583 ), 15.3% ( @entity64 ) and 36.2% ( @entity173 ) of the hospitals. For IH30D compared to W30D outlier status changed for 18.2% ( @entity583 ), 25.4% ( @entity64 ) and 27.6% ( @entity173 ) of the hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality measures based on in-hospital @entity204 alone, or measures excluding admissions for transferred @entity1 , can be misleading as indicators of hospital performance. We propose to attribute the outcome to all hospitals by fraction of time spent in each hospital for @entity1 transferred between hospitals to reduce bias due to double counting or exclusion of hospital stays.

title: Comparing hospital mortality--how to count does matter for @entity1 hospitalized for @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity64 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity46480 :: ('p|SUB|S|30|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S30D']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: A complementary DNA for the small subunit of @entity9578 carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) was cloned from @entity286 ( @entity286 ) and fused in the antisense orientation to the @entity3260 35S promoter. This antisense gene was introduced into the @entity286 genome, and the resulting transgenic plants were analyzed to assess the effect of the antisense RNA on Rubisco activity and photosynthesis. The mean content of extractable Rubisco activity from the leaves of 10 antisense plants was 18% of the mean level of activity of control plants. The soluble protein content of the leaves of anti-small subunit plants was reduced by the amount equivalent to the reduction in Rubisco. There was little change in phosphoribulokinase activity, electron transport, and @entity38 content, indicating that the loss of Rubisco did not affect these other components of photosynthesis. However, there was a significant reduction in carbonic anhydrase activity. The rate of @entity515 assimilation measured at 1000 micromoles quanta per square meter per second, 350 microbars @entity515 , and 25 degrees C was reduced by 63% (mean value) in the antisense plants and was limited by Rubisco activity over a wide range of intercellular @entity515 partial pressures (p(i)). In control leaves, Rubisco activity only limited the rate of @entity515 assimilation below a p(i) of 400 microbars. Despite the decrease in photosynthesis, there was no reduction in stomatal conductance in the antisense plants, and the stomata still responded to changes in p(i). The unchanged conductance and lower @entity515 assimilation resulted in a higher p(i), which was reflected in greater @entity505 isotope discrimination in the leaves of the antisense plants. These results suggest that stomatal function is independent of total leaf Rubisco activity.

title: Reduction of XXXX carboxylase/oxygenase content by antisense RNA reduces photosynthesis in transgenic @entity286 plants.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity3260 :: ('10641', 'Species') :: ['cauliflower mosaic virus']

entities_list: @entity9578 :: ('MESH:C001933', 'Chemical') :: ['ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity9578 :: (MESH:C001933,Chemical) :: ['ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intramedullary nail fixation in @entity3330 and explore the management approach. METHOD: From January 2010 to December 2014, a total of 116 @entity1 over 60 years old with femoral intertrochanteric @entity174 or femoral shaft @entity174 were treated in Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Among the @entity1 , 11 with @entity3330 , aged from 62 to 82 ( 69.3  5.6) years old, received surgical treatments. There were 2 males (18.2%) and 9 females (81.8%). 5 @entity1 (45.5%) had the prodromal symptom of thigh pain. 9 @entity1 (81.8%) had the history of long-term use of @entity171 with the duration of 3 to 9 (5.3  2.1) years. All the @entity174 received close reduction and antegrade intramedullary nail fixation. The Thoresen score and EuroQol 5 dimensions scores (EQ-5D) were applied to evaluate the extremity function and life quality after surgery. RESULT: All the operations were performed successfully. At least 1 years follow-up was accomplished with the follow-up period of 1 to 4 (1.8  0.9) years. There were 8 (72.7%) excellent, 2 (18.2%) good, 1 (9.1%) fair according to the Thoresen score with total excellent to good rate up to 90.9% at the last follow-up. The EQ-5D scores showed the life quality was similar with that before injury (P>0.05). @entity174 healing was achieved in all 11 cases with time from 3 to 8 (5.7  1.6) month. There was no case complicated with infection, nonunion or implant failure during the follow-up period. No contralateral @entity3330 was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity3330 are uncommon in the clinical practice. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management approach are the keys of satisfactory outcomes.

title: [Diagnosis and management of XXXX : clinical efficacy in 11 cases].

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['atypical femoral fracture', 'atypical femoral fractures', 'Atypical femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['atypical femoral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The skin of @entity1 with @entity483 is colonized with @entity794 . Reduction of bacterial colonization has been reported to be effective in the treatment of @entity483 . AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of a combination of @entity5023 0.005% and @entity23782 2.0% ointment twice daily for 2 weeks in @entity1 with @entity483 clinically suspected of secondary @entity2348 . METHODS: An open-label, non-randomized study of 122 @entity1 (64 males and 58 females) from 20 centers was conducted. @entity483 was diagnosed by clinical assessment and scoring was done on the visual analogue scale (VAS). Clinical evaluation of the lesions was done on day 1 (baseline), day 8 and on day 15 of study visits. RESULTS: At baseline, many @entity1 had moderate itching (41.8%), moderate dryness (41.8%) and mild weeping lesions (49.2%). The baseline proportions of the clinicians' global impressions (CGI) scale for mild, moderate and severe @entity483 were 19.7%, 55.7% and 12.2% respectively. At the end of the treatment period, 67.2% @entity1 had mild disease, whereas only 9% and 0.8% @entity1 had moderate and severe disease respectively. At baseline, only 33.65% @entity1 were comfortable with the existing lesions when assessed on visual analog scale (VAS). However, after the treatment, this proportion increased to 51.77% and 78.60% @entity1 on day 8 and on day 15 respectively. CONCLUSION: Twice daily topical application of a @entity5023 0.005% and @entity23782 2.0% ointment is an effective and safe therapeutic regimen in @entity483 .

title: Efficacy and safety of combination ointment " @entity5023 0.005% plus XXXX 2.0%" for the treatment of @entity483 with clinical suspicion of secondary @entity2348 : an open label uncontrolled study.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis lesions', 'atopic dermatitis', 'Atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity23782 :: ('MESH:D016712', 'Chemical') :: ['mupirocin']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity23782 :: (MESH:D016712,Chemical) :: ['mupirocin']


abstract: Topical @entity3504 Agents. Observations that @entity3504 may be the clinically active component of @entity3378 have stimulated extensive pharmaceutical efforts to develop a new class of agents for the treatment of the @entity29 . Both oral and rectal forms of @entity3504 have been designed, tested, and released for use in Europe and Canada. Only one rectal @entity3504 formulation is now commercially available in the United States. Studies with topical @entity3504 have demonstrated that this formulation is safe and effective for @entity1960 , even in @entity1 with disease refractory to standard therapy. Adverse effects of topical @entity3504 are minimal. However, optimal treatment doses have not been defined, relapse is common after withdrawal of therapy, and issues regarding maintenance regimens are not yet resolved. Other disadvantages include the expense and inconvenience of enema therapy. However, rectally administered @entity3504 is an appropriate initial therapy for the treatment of distal @entity31 , or as a therapeutic option for @entity1960 . Data are insufficient to make recommendations regarding the use of topical @entity3504 in @entity30 . Whether this class of agents will be of benefit for @entity30 or for perineal disease must await further clinical trials. Oral @entity3504 Agents. There appears to be a well-substantiated benefit equivalent to that of @entity3378 achieved by the new oral formulations of @entity3504 when used for the treatment of acute mild to moderate @entity31 , and as maintenance treatment of @entity31 in remission. Adverse reactions to these agents are uncommon, usually mild, and infrequently require withdrawal of therapy. The major problem reported with these agents is watery @entity294 , most commonly associated with @entity18573 , but the practical importance of this adverse effect is disputed. Rare occurrences of reversible @entity2396 and acute @entity788 have been encountered during clinical application of these agents. As more experience is obtained, these agents may become the initial therapy of choice for the treatment of mild to moderate @entity31 and for maintenance in inactive disease. Currently available data have defined a role for these agents as an important alternative for the treatment of @entity1 intolerant or allergic to @entity3378 . As with @entity3378 , these agents should not be used as the sole treatment for severely active @entity31 . Many unanswered questions remain regarding therapy with these agents for @entity31 . Still undefined are optimal drug dosages, appropriate dosing intervals, and the necessary duration of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Newer pharmacologic agents for the therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['refractory distal colitis', 'distal colitis']

entities_list: @entity18573 :: ('MESH:C032587', 'Chemical') :: ['olsalazine']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's proctitis", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize in part the factor(s) in @entity558 ( @entity558 ) that maintains sperm motility after @entity1 oviductal cell culture. DESIGN: Controlled, experimental, laboratory study. SETTING: University-based gynecology unit. @entity1 (S): Fallopian tubes were obtained from @entity1 who underwent tubal ligation or hysterectomy. Semen with normal sperm parameters was obtained from @entity1 who visited subfertility clinics. INTERVENTION(S): Spermatozoa were incubated with @entity558 and their motility was evaluated by a computer-aided sperm analysis system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, linearity, amplitude of lateral head displacement, beat cross-frequency, and percentage of spermatozoa that exhibited hyperactivation. RESULT(S): Compared with their baseline motility (0 hour), spermatozoa incubated with @entity558 maintained various motility parameters for a longer period than did control spermatozoa. All the motility parameters of the @entity558 -treated spermatozoa were higher than those of the control spermatozoa at the same time point. This effect of @entity558 was dose-dependent and increased with the duration of incubation. The effect was stable at 56 degrees C but was not observed after 100 degrees C heat treatment. Trypsin, but not proteinase K, abolished the effect. A fraction with a molecular weight of <3 kd in the @entity558 was responsible for the observed effect. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 oviductal cells produce a peptide(s) that maintains sperm motility.

title: XXXX oviductal cells produce a factor(s) that maintains the motility of @entity1 spermatozoa in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'conditioned medium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: We report two cases of severe @entity130 of the upper limb requiring arterial revascularization. A brachio-brachial inverted saphenous bypass graft was done in both cases. Graft rupture attributed to local @entity281 occurred at fourth post-operative week. @entity796 was isolated from the surgical wound in the first case and @entity3064 in the second. The first case ended up with arm amputation mostly owing to extensive destruction of soft tissue, the @entity1 being discharged home without any other sequel. In the second case the @entity1 was successfully resuscitated after @entity1167 , secondary to @entity548 . He underwent new brachio-brachial venous bypass graft avoiding the contaminated area. Irreversible @entity63 signs plus growing overt @entity281 led to arm amputation later on. This @entity1 developed @entity881 and died by the fifth post-operative week. @entity3064 and @entity796 are gram-negative bacilli widely present in hospital environment. Most of them are resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Their association with vascular conduit infections might have dreadful consequences as it happened in these cases.

title: [Rupture of venous bypass graft associated to XXXX of multiresistant bacteria].

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Acinetobacter baumanni']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with antimicrobial agents are promising infection-targeted therapeutic platforms when coupled with external magnetic stimuli. These antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs) may offer advantages in fighting intracellular pathogens as well as biomaterial-associated @entity281 . This requires the development of NPs with high antimicrobial activity without interfering with the biology of @entity1 cells. Here, we report the preparation of biocompatible antimicrobial SPION@gold core-shell NPs based on covalent immobilization of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) cecropin melittin (CM) (the conjugate is named AMP-NP). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the AMP-NP for @entity526 was 0.4  g/mL, 10-times lower than the MIC of soluble CM. The antimicrobial activity of CM depends on the length of the spacer between the CM and the NP. AMP-NPs are taken up by endothelial (between 60 and 170 pg of NPs per cell) and macrophage (between 18 and 36 pg of NPs per cell) cells and accumulate preferentially in endolysosomes. These NPs have no significant cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activities for concentrations up to 200  g/mL (at least 100 times higher than the MIC of soluble CM). Our results in membrane models suggest that the selectivity of AMP-NPs for bacteria and not eukaryotic membranes is due to their membrane compositions. The AMP-NPs developed here open new opportunities for @entity281 targeting.

title: High Antimicrobial Activity and Low XXXX Cell Cytotoxicity of Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with an Antimicrobial Peptide.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection-site', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vaginal administration of the @entity842 donor @entity15230 can induce effective ripening of the @entity1 cervix. We investigated whether this drug is associated with fewer side-effects than @entity2918 when used to ripen the cervix before first-trimester surgical termination of pregnancy, and assessed whether the extent of cervical ripening it induces is clinically sufficient. METHODS: 66 primigravid @entity1 scheduled for surgical termination were assigned to receive before surgery, per vaginam, @entity15230 40 mg or 80 mg, or the @entity3009 analogue gemeprost 1 mg. The primary measured outcome was onset of new symptoms before termination of pregnancy. FINDINGS: More @entity1 remained symptom-free after @entity15230 than after gemeprost (28/44 [64%] vs 3/22 [14%], p<0.005). Pretreatment with @entity17494 resulted in @entity490 in 73% of @entity1 and @entity3556 in 32% compared with 3% and 0%, respectively, after @entity15230 , whereas, more @entity1 developed @entity10 after @entity15230 (27%) than after gemeprost (0%). Cervical resistance and measured intraoperative @entity190 were lowest after pretreatment with gemeprost. The measured cervical resistance and intraoperative @entity190 with either dose of @entity15230 did not differ from those in a comparison group of 22 parous @entity1 not in the randomised trial. INTERPRETATION: Pretreatment with @entity15230 to ripen the cervix before first-trimester termination of pregnancy is associated with fewer side-effects than gemeprost treatment and adequately decreases cervical resistance. @entity15230 could be used as an alternative to gemeprost for this indication.

title: Randomised trial of @entity842 donor versus XXXX for cervical ripening before first-trimester termination of pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity17494 :: ('MESH:C021182', 'Chemical') :: ['gemeprost']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity15230 :: ('MESH:C030397', 'Chemical') :: ['Isosorbide mononitrate', 'isosorbide mononitrate']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency catheter ablation within the tricuspid annulus-inferior caval vein isthmus can cure typical @entity956 . The target for ablation, nonetheless, is relatively wide, and standard ablation procedures may require significant exposure to radiation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 50 @entity1 (mean age, 58+/-11 years) with typical @entity956 were prospectively randomized to receive isthmus ablation using conventional fluoroscopy for catheter navigation (group I, n=24) or electromagnetic mapping (group II, n=26). Complete bidirectional isthmus block was verified with double potential mapping. If complete isthmus block could not be achieved after 20 radiofrequency pulses or 25 minutes of fluoroscopy, the @entity1 were switched to the other group. Eight @entity1 from group I (33%) but only 1 @entity1 from group II (4%) were switched. Overall, complete isthmus block was achieved in 47 of 50 @entity1 (94%). The overall fluoroscopy time, including the placement of the diagnostic catheters, was 22.0+/-6.3 minutes in group I and 3.9+/-1.5 minutes in group II (P:<0.0001). The fluoroscopy time needed for isthmus mapping was 17.7+/-6.5 minutes in group I and 0.2+/-0.3 minutes in group II (P:<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Electromagnetic mapping during the induction of linear lesions for the ablation of @entity956 permitted a highly significant reduction in exposure to fluoroscopy while maintaining high efficacy, and it allowed the time required for fluoroscopy to be reduced to levels anticipated for diagnostic electrophysiological studies.

title: Electromagnetic versus fluoroscopic mapping of the inferior isthmus for ablation of typical XXXX : A prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristic patterns of the thyroid hormonal changes in @entity2743 during the one-year period after 131I therapy considering that few serial hormonal data during this period are available in the literature. METHODS: The levels of serum T3, T4 and FT4 before and during one year were plotted as a function of time in 70 therapy courses of 58 @entity1 without subsequent antithyroid or @entity134 therapy. RESULTS: 35 euthyroid, 6 @entity1375 and 29 @entity1378 states were obtained during one year after therapy. Although individual @entity1 had individual hormonal changing patterns, 3 common basic patterns were observed from baseline to one month (early) and thereafter (late), respectively. The early patterns were a decrease in 54 (77%), a minimum change in 8 (11.5%) and an increase in 8 (11.5%). The late patterns were a stable state after an initial decrease with a bottom followed by an increase (valley pattern) in 47 (67%), a stable state after an initial increase with a peak followed by a decrease with a bottom and a subsequent re-increase (mountain pattern) in 12 (17%) and a late stable state after a gradual slow decrease without an obvious bottom near or till one year (downhill pattern) in 11 (16%). The bottom level and the degree of hormonal recovery from the bottom determined the stable euthyroid, @entity1375 or @entity1378 state in 49 (86%) of 57 with the valley or mountain pattern. Most of the bottom levels (81%) and transient abnormal changes including transient @entity1375 (93%, 13/14), peak or @entity1378 (85%, 11/13) and euthyroidism (67%, 10/15) appeared within 6 months. The post-therapeutic stable euthyroid, @entity1375 or @entity1378 state could be judged from the hormonal patterns in 57% (39/68) from 2.5 to 6 months, in 18% (12/68) from 6 to 9 months and in 25% (17/68) thereafter. CONCLUSION: Although the changes in thyroid hormones are not constant in @entity2743 during one year after 131I therapy, there are three basic patterns; valley, mountain and downhill patterns from one month after therapy. The post-therapeutic stable state can be judged by the hormonal level recovered from the bottom in most @entity1 .

title: Three basic patterns of changes in serum thyroid hormone levels in XXXX during the one-year period after radioiodine therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Concerns over the ability of the nation's emergency departments to meet current demands are growing among the public and health care professionals. Data supporting perceptions of inadequate capacity are sparse and conflicting. We describe changes in the use and capacity of @entity7452 's EDs between 1990 and 1999, as well as trends in severity of @entity1 @entity130 . METHODS: Data from @entity7452 's Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD), which describe all hospital and health service use in the state, were analyzed and later verified using a telephone survey of all 320 open EDs in @entity7452 . Six variables were analyzed: hospital's ownership type (public or private), total number of annual @entity2613 visits, severity of @entity1 @entity130 (percentage of visits categorized as critical, urgent, or nonurgent), number of @entity2613 beds, proximity to a closed @entity2613 , and teaching status. We tested 2 main hypotheses: (1) Have statewide @entity2613 visits, @entity2613 beds, visits per @entity2613 , and visits per bed increased or decreased between 1990 and 1999? and (2) Has severity of @entity1 @entity130 , as reported to OSHPD, changed over the past decade? State level data were analyzed using ordinary least-squares regression. Hospital level data were analyzed using repeated measures analyses. RESULTS: The number of EDs in @entity7452 decreased by 12% (P <.0001). The number of @entity2613 treatment stations (ie, physical spaces for the treatment of @entity1 ) increased by 687 (16%) statewide (P =.0001), or an average of 79 beds per year. The average annual change in @entity2613 visits was not statistically significant (P =.5), whereas visits per @entity2613 increased by 27% for all EDs (P <.0001), although with differing trends noted at public and private hospitals. At private hospitals, the average increase was 512 visits/ @entity2613 each year, whereas at public hospitals, visits decreased by an average of 1,085 visits/ @entity2613 each year (P <.0001). Overall, critical visits per @entity2613 increased by 59% (P <.0001), and nonurgent visits per @entity2613 decreased by 8% (P <.0001). CONCLUSION: The number of EDs in @entity7452 decreased significantly during the 1990s, whereas the number of @entity2613 beds increased. Increases in visits per @entity2613 , beds per @entity2613 , and in the proportion of @entity1 categorized as critical may help explain the perception that @entity2613 capacity is inadequate to meet growing demand.

title: Trends in the use and capacity of XXXX 's emergency departments, 1990-1999.

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['illness or injury']

answer: @entity7452 :: (MESH:D004670,Disease) :: ['California']


abstract: We assessed midterm outcomes, predictors of mortality, and residual defects after repair of post-infarction @entity1757 in 10 @entity1 (mean age, 65.3 years; range, 50-78 years) who were operated on between 2000 and 2008. Mean time from onset of symptoms of @entity583 to diagnosis of @entity1757 was 3.5 days. Time from diagnosis to surgery ranged from 6 h to 84 days. The defects were located anteriorly in 4 @entity1 and posteriorly in 6. Patch reconstruction of the septum was used in 6 @entity1 and the infarct exclusion technique in 4. Hospital mortality was 60%. The only predictor of mortality was tricuspid valve competence (p = 0.048). There was no correlation between location of the defect or type of repair and operative mortality. Residual or recurrent @entity1757 was noted in 6 @entity1 . Location of the defect and type of repair were not predictors of residual or recurrent defects. @entity1757 was not associated with increased short-term mortality or reduction of functional status. Early mortality associated with post-infarction @entity1757 repair is significant. Discharged @entity1 continue to have good functional capacity and quality of life, as well as favorable midterm survival.

title: Management and midterm outcomes of post-infarction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['Residual ventricular septal defect', 'ventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: 1. @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) evoked secretion by the @entity460 ionophore, @entity1360 , was studied at frog motor nerve endings. 2. Bath application of @entity1360 stimulated an irreversible increase in the rate of spontaneous, quantal @entity1617 release in the presence of extracellular @entity141 . In contrast, local application of @entity1360 stimulated a rapid, reversible acceleration of spontaneous @entity1617 release. 3. The magnitude of the secretory response to @entity1360 was dependent both upon the concentration of ionophore and the concentration of extracellular @entity141 . 4. @entity859 or @entity17828 inhibited @entity1360 -stimulated @entity1617 release with the same potency and efficacy observed previously for these @entity859 analogues as inhibitors of @entity1617 secretion evoked by nerve impulses. 5. These results support the conclusion that @entity859 receptor activation inhibits quantal @entity1617 secretion at a site distal to that of @entity141 entry at frog motor nerve endings.

title: @entity1360 -induced @entity934 release and its inhibition by XXXX at frog motor nerve endings.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity17828 :: ('MESH:D015762', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloroadenosine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Influence of luminal @entity141 on the integrity of normal mucosa and recovery of damaged mucosa in anesthetized @entity35 stomachs was studied using a perfusion system. Changes in the mucosal integrity were monitored by measuring transmucosal @entity841 ( @entity841 ) and luminal pH. @entity1098 , a @entity141 chelator, dose-dependently reduced @entity841 and increased luminal pH. Five mM @entity141 ( @entity3282 ) alone produced no changes in either @entity8487 , but the @entity841 which was reduced by 250 mM @entity1098 was significantly recovered. @entity1068 or @entity1219 concentration-dependently reduced @entity841 , but gradually reverted to baseline levels. While 5 mM @entity141 or 5 mM @entity1098 did not influence the reduction in @entity841 with 50% @entity1068 and 1 M @entity1219 , these agents either enhanced or delayed the recovery processes in reduced @entity841 , respectively. Five mM @entity141 enhanced the recovery of @entity841 which was reduced by 50% @entity1068 plus 5 mM @entity1098 . @entity1819 induced by 50% @entity1068 plus 5 mM @entity1098 was much more severe than that induced by 50% @entity1068 alone or 50% @entity1068 plus 5 mM @entity141 . Both 50% @entity1068 and 1 M @entity1219 significantly increased @entity141 contents in the gastric lumen. Luminal @entity141 appears to play an important role in maintaining mucosal integrity, under normal physiological conditions, and in accelerating the recovery process of damaged mucosa in @entity35 stomachs.

title: Role of luminal XXXX on normal and damaged gastric mucosa in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['PD and luminal pH']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric damage']

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['potential difference', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: Recently, cytokine gene transfer into @entity5 cells has been shown to mediate @entity5 regression in animal models via immunomodulation. Consequently, a number of clinical protocols have been developed to treat @entity5 @entity1 with cytokine gene-modified @entity5 cells. Here, we report the results of a clinical phase I trial using for the first time autologous, @entity6977 gene-modified @entity5 cells for vaccination of ten @entity1 with disseminated @entity320 . @entity320 cells were expanded in vitro from surgically removed metastases, transduced by a ballistic gene transfer technique and were then injected after in vitro irradiation s.c. at weekly intervals. Clinically, there was no major @entity137 except for mild fever, and no major clinical response towards vaccination was observed. Eight of ten @entity1 completed the initial three s.c. vaccinations and were eligible for immunological evaluation. Post vaccination, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were found to contain an increased number of @entity5 -reactive proliferative as well as cytolytic cells, as determined by a limiting dilution analysis. In three of six @entity1 , the frequencies of anti- @entity320 cytolytic precursor cells increased between 2.6- and 28-fold. Two of these @entity1 showed a minor clinical response. Analysis of the autologous @entity5 cell vaccines regarding @entity6977 secretion after gene transfer, HLA class I and class II cell surface expression, secretion of immunosuppressive mediators ( @entity2533 , @entity688 ) and various @entity320 -associated @entity5 antigens revealed a very diverse expression profile. In conclusion, vaccination using gene-modified @entity320 cells induced immunological changes in a group of advanced, terminally ill @entity1 . These changes can be interpreted as an increased anti- @entity5 immune response. However, immunological modulation was most pronounced in @entity1 in good physical condition. Therefore, @entity1 with minimal @entity5 load or minimal residual disease might preferentially benefit from @entity5 cell vaccination in further studies. In order to evaluate the effects of the cytokine gene-modified @entity5 cell vaccines more precisely, an antigenically better defined vaccine is needed.

title: Vaccination with @entity6977 gene-modified @entity320 cells can enhance the anti- XXXX lytic activity in peripheral blood of @entity1 with a good clinical performance status: a clinical phase I study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'autologous melanoma', 'Melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: To analyse long term outcome, including functional status and prognostic factors, in @entity1 who have undergone arterial repair of civilian @entity3140 . Retrospective data analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. METHODS: This was a retrospective data analysis of prospectively collected data. Records of all @entity1 who had undergone repair of traumatic arterial lesions in the upper limb between 1989 and 2010 were reviewed, and clinical follow up was performed. End points were: long term patency, measured by color Doppler ultrasound; vascular re-intervention; limb salvage rate; and long term functional status using the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. The DASH questionnaire is an instrument used to identify a @entity1 's disabilities, in which everyday activities are assessed by 30 questions. The DASH answers are summarized and, using a conversion formula, lead to a score between 0 (full recovery) and 100 (severe disability). The DASH questionnaire was sent to all German-speaking individuals for data supplementation after completion of a clinical follow up study. RESULTS: A total of 117 arterial repairs were performed in 108 @entity1 (87 @entity1 , median age 35.7 years). @entity130 was the predominant cause of injury (n  =  96; 82%). @entity66 (n  =  39; 36%) and/or orthopedic injuries (n  =  65; 60%) were present in 84 @entity1 (78%). After a median follow up time of 5.3 years (range 0.5-19.7 years), 65 @entity1 (60%) were re-investigated: long-term patency was 97%. The DASH questionnaire was answered by 57 @entity1 (53%). Functional impairment was frequently seen, and determined by @entity16 (including @entity16 , median DASH score was 40.3 [range 3.5-69.8] vs. 0.8 [range 0-5.8] without; p  <  .001) and @entity63 at time of injury (median DASH score with @entity63 4.2 [range 0-16.9] vs. 0.0 [0-1.7] without; p  <  .04). CONCLUSION: Favorable long term patency rates after arterial repair in upper extremity injuries can be achieved. Long term functional impairment is a significant problem and determined by associated @entity16 , as well as @entity63 at time of injury.

title: Long-term Clinical Outcome and Functional Status After Arterial Reconstruction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Accompanying nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury', 'neurological lesions']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Blunt trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Upper Extremity Injury']


abstract: @entity50351 -nanoparticle conjugates have been designed and synthesised for the delivery of hydrophobic photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of @entity5 . The @entity50351 photosensitizer stabilized gold nanoparticles have an average diameter of 2-4 nm. The synthetic strategy interdigitates a phase transfer reagent between @entity50351 molecules on the particle surface that solubilises the hydrophobic photosensitizer in polar solvents enabling delivery of the nanoparticle conjugates to cells. The @entity50351 is present in the monomeric form on the nanoparticle surface, absorbs radiation maximally at 695 nm and catalytically produces the cytotoxic species singlet @entity26 with high efficiency. These properties suggest that the @entity50351 -nanoparticle conjugates are ideally suited for PDT. In a process that can be considered as @entity5 therapy using a 'Trojan @entity1641 ', when the nanoparticle conjugates are incubated with HeLa cells (a cervical @entity5 cell line), they are taken up thus delivering the @entity50351 photosensitizer directly into the cell interior. Irradiation of the nanoparticle conjugates within the HeLa cells induced substantial cell mortality through the photodynamic production of singlet @entity26 . The PDT efficiency of the nanoparticle conjugates, determined using colorimetric assay, was twice that obtained using the free @entity50351 derivative. Following PDT with the nanoparticle conjugates, morphological changes to the HeLa cellular structure were indicative of cell mortality via apoptosis. Further evidence of apoptosis was provided through the bioluminescent assay detection of @entity12507 /7. Our results suggest that gold nanoparticle conjugates are an excellent vehicle for the delivery of surface bound hydrophobic photosensitizers for efficacious photodynamic therapy of cultured @entity5 cells.

title: Intracellular photodynamic therapy with photosensitizer-nanoparticle conjugates: @entity5 therapy using a 'Trojan XXXX '.

entities_list: @entity50351 :: ('MESH:C013647', 'Chemical') :: ['Phthalocyanine', 'phthalocyanine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: @entity20083 alters lymphocyte recirculation and homing by interfering with S1P receptors on lymphocytes, possibly in combination with chemokine receptors, and induces a decrease in PBL counts. In fresh, whole blood samples of 14 kidney transplant @entity1 , we analyzed by flow cytometry the effect of FTY on the number of NK cells, monocytes, na  ve ( @entity9350 +) T cells, memory ( @entity5075 +) T cells and B cells. @entity1 treated with 0.5, 2.5 or 5mg FTY/day showed a strong decrease in T and B cell numbers. NK cells and monocytes were not affected. FTY reduced primarily na  ve T cells. From the memory T cells ( @entity5075 +), predominantly CD8 cells, 40-60% remained in the circulation. The majority of the @entity9350 + cells disappeared from the circulation within 3-6h, while a further reduction was achieved later. The more slowly decrease in na  ve @entity9350 + T cell numbers was also observed in the group treated with 0.25mg FTY/day. Elispot assays revealed no @entity3646 producing cells and a low frequency of @entity379 producing cells. We suggest that both @entity9350 dependent and independent mechanisms are involved in the depletion of T cells from peripheral blood.

title: @entity20083 treatment of kidney transplant XXXX : a differential effect on B cells, na  ve T cells, memory T cells and NK cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recent evidence indicates that the cells of the immune system and their large network of secretory products, or cytokines, play an active role in the ovary throughout the oestrous cycle. In the present study, immune cell populations (T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes and eosinophils) and expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II were investigated in corpora lutea from mares in early (days 2-4), mid- (days 7-10) and late (days 12-14) dioestrus, the post-luteolytic phase (days 16-17) and early pregnancy. The number of T lymphocytes within the corpus luteum increased in the late luteal phase. @entity28160 + cells did not increase until day 16, whereas the number of CD8+ cells increased before functional luteolysis; an apparently selective luteal infiltration of CD8+ cells was observed. MHC class II expression by non-steroidogenic cells was increased in samples from days 16-17, as was the number of infiltrating macrophages. Flow cytometry revealed very low expression of MHC class II by large luteal cells at all stages of the oestrous cycle. In early pregnancy, the number of @entity28160 + and CD8+ cells and macrophages decreased, as did MHC class II expression, compared with mid-dioestrous samples. B cells were present in very small numbers in all samples examined. Eosinophils were similarly sparsely distributed and numbers decreased further in pregnancy. After exogenous PGF2 alpha administration, populations of @entity28160 + cells and non-specific esterase staining cells were significantly smaller than after natural luteolysis, whereas eosinophil numbers were increased compared with samples from days 16-17. However, the number of CD8+ and @entity47808 + cells and MHC class II expression were not significantly different from those observed after natural luteolysis. These findings indicate that populations of immune cells in the @entity1641 corpus luteum vary during its lifespan. The selective increase in CD8+ cells before functional luteolysis indicates that they have a physiological role in the regression of the corpus luteum.

title: Immune cell populations in the XXXX corpus luteum throughout the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy: an immunohistochemical and flow cytometric study.

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: We describe a "new" mild @entity600 of the phalanx, which we call the "angel-shaped phalanx" (ASP) because of its resemblance to the little angels used for the decoration of Christmas trees. A particular middle phalangeal type of ASPs is found in a distinct variety of @entity1610 with marked retardation of bone age and severe @entity570 in adult life, previously reported as "hereditary @entity39084 " [Bachman, 1967: @entity25698 Soc Med 60:21-22; Giedion, 1969: Fortschr Rontgenstr 110:507-524]. However, these authors overlooked the unique configuration of the middle phalanges. We renamed the condition "angel-shaped @entity1610 ( @entity45647 )", which may be transmitted in an autosomal-dominant manner. Six new @entity1 are added, bringing the total to nine @entity1 (two families and two isolated @entity1 ). ASPs were seen in five of six @entity1 . The ASPs grew into inconspicuous @entity14883 after physeal closure (3/3). The most important additional radiological finding is late and @entity6349 development of both femoral heads (5/5), leading to Perthes-like and osteoarthritic changes and severe @entity158 in the early thirties (2/2 adults, having reached this age). The marked retardation of carpal bone age may lead to unnecessary clinical evaluation for @entity4903 . Less frequent clinical manifestations of @entity45647 are hyperextensibility of the interphalangeal joints (7/9) and @entity2651 (4/7). Other types of ASPs are observed in @entity2195 , and other conditions. The concept of mild @entity79 as specific markers for @entity74 , as with cone-shaped epiphyses and now evident in @entity45647 , may also be useful for ASPs in general.

title: Angel-shaped XXXX ( @entity45647 ): identification of a new genetic bone marker.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39084 :: ('MESH:C538179', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral dysostosis']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['multiple epiphyseal dysplasia', 'phalango-epiphyseal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity14883 :: ('MESH:D059327', 'Disease') :: ['brachydactyly']

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['hypodontia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity2195 :: ('OMIM:211750', 'Disease') :: ['brachyphalangy type C, spondylo-megepiphyseal-metaphyseal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disorders']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['coxarthrosis']

answer: @entity1610 :: (MESH:D010009,Disease) :: ['phalango-epiphyseal dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of simple enucleation as a conservative treatment for pT1a @entity1358 , and to report on the incidence of major complications, local recurrence, and progression-free and disease-specific survival rates. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 232 @entity1 who had nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) by simple enucleation between 1986 and 2004 for sporadic, unilateral, pathologically confirmed pT1a @entity1358 . The @entity1 ' status was evaluated last in September 2005. The mean (median, range) follow-up was 76 (61, 12-225) months. RESULTS: The mean (SD, median, range) @entity5 greatest dimension was 2.8 (0.78, 2.85, 0.6-4) cm. The histopathologic review according to the International Union Against @entity5 and American Joint Commission for @entity5 (1997) classification revealed 198 clear cell (85.3%), 18 papillary (7.8%), 15 chromophobe (6.5%) and one (0.4%) collecting duct RCCs. There were no major complications, such as prolonged @entity4295 / @entity740 and bleeding requiring open reoperation. One @entity1 developed postoperative late retroperitoneal fluid collection consistent with @entity6986 , which required aspiration, drainage position and JJ stenting for 3 weeks. The 5- and 10-year @entity5 -specific survival were 96.7% and 94.7%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year progression-free survival were 96% and 94%, respectively. Overall, 13 (6.4%) @entity1 had disease progression, three of whom had local recurrences alone (1.5%) elsewhere in the kidney; none had local recurrence at the level of the enucleation bed. CONCLUSIONS: Simple @entity5 enucleation is a safe and acceptable nephron-sparing treatment that provides excellent long-term local control and @entity5 -specific survival rates.

title: Simple enucleation for the treatment of XXXX : our 20-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['PT1a renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity5 refractory to @entity900 , @entity5713 and @entity1732 ( @entity7297 ) were treated with a non-cross-resistant regimen including @entity632 , 60 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, and @entity1891 , 1.2 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 8, alternated q 3 weeks with @entity786 , 600 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 8, and @entity4316 , 1 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 8. The median number of administered cycles was 8 (range 3-14). The results were analyzed according to previous response to @entity7297 . One of two @entity1 relapsing after the first-line therapy obtained a transient second complete response (CR) (duration 7 months). None of seven @entity1 who showed no response to @entity7297 obtained a CR; in 3/9 @entity1 with a partial response (PR) after @entity7297 , the achievement of CR could not be definitely attributed to salvage therapy. @entity137 was mild; no @entity712 or drug-related deaths were observed. In conclusion, these two alternating regimens were well tolerated, but this treatment was not found to be useful in @entity1 not responsive to @entity7297 , for whom new and alternative therapies are required. The favorable impact on prognosis, evident only in the subgroup of @entity1 with PR, was probably attributable to @entity7297 rather than to this salvage regimen.

title: Chemotherapy with @entity632 and @entity1891 alternated with @entity786 and @entity4316 in testicular germ cell XXXX refractory to @entity900 , @entity5713 and @entity1732 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of coronary vessel wall alterations in the general population is not known. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of @entity453 in @entity1 in whom the underlying disease was not related to @entity453 and could therefore be regarded as a near normal population. METHODS: We included 331 consecutive @entity1 (173 @entity1 , 158 @entity1 , aged between 40 and 70 years) who were referred for catheter ablation of an accessory pathway (67.4% ) or @entity713 (32.6%) and who underwent coronary angiography as part of their routine baseline evaluation before radiofrequency current application. Most of the @entity1 (79%) of this cohort were free of symptoms of @entity453 . Based on visual inspection of coronary angiograms in multiple projections, @entity1 were classified to have one-, two- or three-vessel disease if stenoses greater than 50% of lumen diameter were present. In addition, diffuse vessel wall alterations were assessed using two different score systems. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity453 in this near normal population was 7.3%, with a significant difference in coronary asymptomatic (3.8%) vs symptomatic @entity1 (17.1%). Mean levels of total @entity165 and other risk factors were not significantly different in @entity1 with @entity453 compared to those without. But levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and lipoprotein(a) were significantly higher and high-density (HDL) @entity165 lower in @entity1 with a @entity850 or extent score higher than zero compared to a score of zero. The values of all vessel scores evaluating the extent of critical and diffuse coronary vessel alterations were very low in @entity1 affected with @entity453 , indicating a low degree of diffuse alteration of the vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity453 with at least one critical @entity850 in subjects aged 40-70 years with an average @entity165 level of 238+/-42 mg. dl(-1)is 7.3%.

title: Prevalence of @entity453 in a general population without suspicion of XXXX : angiographic analysis of subjects aged 40 to 70 years referred for catheter ablation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular-node modification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A negative electromechanical window (EMw) was recently proposed as a better preclinical tool than QTc interval to predict clinical pro-arrhythmic potential. As such, we utilized the @entity3652 / @entity4763 anesthetized @entity840 to characterize the EMw and QTc interval for a diverse set of reference agents with known clinical pro-arrhythmic potential. Then we determined the clinical proarrhythmia predictive capacity of EMw shortening compared to @entity9493 inhibition or QTc interval prolongation alone. METHODS: Changes in EMw and QTc interval by 26 reference agents were evaluated in the @entity3652 / @entity4763 -anesthetized @entity840 . @entity911 matrix analysis using the @entity9493 , QTc and EMw indexes ( @entity9493 IC50, QTc EC5 or the EMw EC-10 divided by their respective free therapeutic maximal plasma concentration) at various folds the therapeutic concentrations was conducted to assess the concordance of each index to predict clinical pro-arrhythmic risk. RESULTS: Shortening of the EMw concomitant to an increase in QTc interval was observed in the GP with known pro-arrhythmic drugs. Non-torsadogenic compounds did not cause EMw shortening, although some prolonged the QTc interval. The preclinical:clinical concordance of the EMw index (88%) was similar (p>0.05) to using QTc interval prolongation alone (85%) but significantly greater (p<0.05) than using @entity9493 inhibition alone (69%). In addition, the specificity when using the EMw (87%) was largely greater (p<0.05) than using QTc interval (73%) or @entity9493 inhibition (60%) alone. When the components of the response (duration of left ventricular pressure (LVP) cycle (QLVPend) or QT interval) that caused EMw shortening were considered, the concordance is further improved (>95%). CONCLUSION: EMw shortening improves QTc interval prolongation recording in early drug development and increases the translatability over existing preclinical tools in predicting clinical @entity943 .

title: Shortening of the electromechanical window in the XXXX / @entity4763 -anesthetized @entity840 model to assess pro-arrhythmic risk in early drug development.

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['Confusion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: @entity5850 is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by Actinomyces israeli, a gram positive anaerobic bacterium. It can have a variety of clinical manifestations and can mimic a @entity5 . We present one such case of urachal @entity5850 that mimicked a @entity5 . A 28-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity490 of 20 days duration. Per abdominal palpation revealed a firm mass with ill-defined borders in the suprapubic region. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the pelvis showed an irregular lesion in the urinary bladder extending to the umbilicus, giving the impression of urachal remnants with @entity32 . Peroperatively, an irregular, hard mass measuring 6   5 cm, involving the anterior and posterior bladder walls, the appendix, the terminal ileum and sigmoid colon, was seen, which was suspicious for a @entity5 . Frozen sections from the mass showed extensive @entity32 and a florid fibroblastic proliferation, giving the impression of an @entity6437 . The tissue was extensively sampled for paraffin sections and only one of them revealed a colony of Gram, PAS and GMS- positive organisms, conclusive for @entity5850 . It is important to be aware of this uncommon, yet significant, presentation of a common @entity166 in order to avoid misdiagnosis and over-treatment as a @entity5 .

title: XXXX in urachal remnants: A rare cause of @entity6437 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycosis', 'actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity5850 :: (MESH:D000196,Disease) :: ['Actinomycosis']


abstract: @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) is associated with @entity209 in adulthood. In @entity35 , an early adverse environment alters food preferences in adult life. We investigated whether @entity1592 is associated with spontaneous macronutrient preferences in @entity1 . Two thousand sixty-three @entity1 from a Brazilian birth cohort were evaluated at 24 y of age using a food frequency questionnaire, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical assays ( @entity413 , insulin, @entity165 , and @entity1674 ). @entity1592 was defined by the birth weight ratio (BWR = birth weight/mean weight for gestational age). Individuals were classified as non growth restricted (BWR > or =0.85), moderately growth restricted (0.85 > BWR > or = 0.75), and severely growth restricted (BWR <0.75). Severe @entity1592 @entity1 consumed a greater @entity1735 to protein ratio, even after controlling for social variables. There was a continuous association between growth restriction and later @entity1735 to protein ratio consumption in @entity1 . @entity1 from both @entity1592 groups had a larger waist to hip ratio (WHR). The prevalence of @entity209 was comparable between the groups. @entity1592 @entity1 preferred carbohydrates to protein in their regular diet, suggesting that spontaneous food choices may precede the appearance and contribute to the risk for @entity209 in this group.

title: Severe intrauterine growth restriction is associated with higher spontaneous XXXX intake in young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'humans', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'Intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The identification of @entity1 at high risk for poor outcomes may allow for earlier palliative care and prevent futile interventions. We examined the association of presenting symptoms on risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity5 admitted through an @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: We queried @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center databases for all @entity1 who visited the @entity341 in 2010. Presenting symptoms, ICU admissions, and hospital deaths were reviewed; @entity1 data analyzed; and risk factors for ICU admission and hospital mortality identified. RESULTS: The main presenting symptoms were @entity158 , @entity221 , and @entity649 . Of the @entity1 with @entity5 who visited the @entity341 , 5,362 (58%) were admitted to the hospital at least once (range, 1 to 13 admissions), 697 (13%) were admitted to the ICU at least once, and 587 (11%) died during hospitalization (31% of 233 @entity1 with @entity1583 and 27% of 354 @entity1 with solid @entity5 died in the ICU; P < .001). In multivariable logistic regression, presenting symptoms of @entity649 or @entity1032 ; @entity2 , @entity1778 , or @entity706 ; and nonwhite race were independent predictors of @entity204 . @entity1 who died had a longer median length of hospital stay than @entity1 discharged alive (14 v 6 days for @entity1583 and 7 v 5 days for solid @entity5 ; P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity5 admitted through an @entity341 experience high ICU admission and hospital mortality rates. @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity649 or @entity1032 may benefit from palliative care that avoids unnecessary interventions.

title: Presenting Symptoms in the Emergency Department as Predictors of Intensive Care Unit Admissions and Hospital Mortality in a XXXX Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer', 'tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']


abstract: We determined the degree of variability and sampling distribution of several commonly used parameters of microalbuminuria in @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and proposed a sampling strategy for estimating the level of @entity633 . Four @entity1 with @entity2175 with previously documented microalbuminuria collected 30 consecutive split (overnight and daytime) 24-hour urine samples (experiment A). These samples were analyzed for total 24-hour albumin excretion; daytime, overnight, and 24-hour albumin concentration; and daytime, overnight, and 24-hour albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio. In a second experiment (B), 10 @entity1 collected 10 consecutive overnight urine samples. Finally, a total of 300 separate triplicate urine samples were analyzed for the variability of 24-hour albumin excretion (100 samples) and albumin-to- @entity1011 ratios in 24-hour urine (100 samples) and overnight urine (100 samples). We found that the sampling distribution shape of all parameters of @entity633 is positively skewed, without consistent evidence of log-normality. When two methods were used for quantifying day-to-day variability (the interquartile range/median ratio and the chance of a single measurement being >50% off the actual value of @entity633 ), the overnight albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio is the least-variable parameter of @entity633 , scoring 0.38% and 10% on both methods, respectively, in experiment A. Collecting multiple samples of overnight urine improves accuracy. The largest gain in precision in estimating the actual value of @entity633 is obtained for sample sizes of three and five and does not increase with nonconsecutive sampling of urine. Based on the combined data from experiments A and B, the expected mean deviation of the median of three and five overnight samples from the actual level of the overnight albumin- @entity1011 ratio is 17.9% and 12.1%, respectively. An analysis of variability in three sets of 100 triplicate 24-hour urine samples shows that the overnight albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio is a significantly more-constant parameter of microalbuminuria than the amount of albumin excreted in 24 hours or the albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio in 24-hour urine (p < 0.05). We concluded that the parameters of @entity6 have positively skewed, non-log-normal sampling distributions. The overnight albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio is the least-variable parameter of microalbuminuria. We recommend collecting three consecutive early morning urine samples, using the median value of the albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio in these samples for quantifying @entity633 .

title: Short-term variability and sampling distribution of various parameters of urinary albumin excretion in XXXX with @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']