abstract: BACKGROUND: IgA @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) is the most prevalent primary @entity740 worldwide. Thus, it is of vital importance to search for factors aggravating the disease progress, monitor disease activity and predict disease-specific therapy. C4d is a well-known biomarker of the complement cascade with a potential to meet the above needs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was, therefore, to determine whether C4d staining at the time of kidney biopsy had any correlation with the demographic, clinical and biochemical variables in @entity6994 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The definition of @entity6994 requires the presence of @entity7491 which were graded >= 2+ and weak @entity6300 deposition. C4d immunohistochemical staining was conducted retrospectively on 29 renal biopsies of @entity1 with @entity6994 , which were selected randomly from all biopsies. C4d immunohistochemical staining was performed on 3- m deparaffinized and rehydrated sections of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded renal tissues. RESULTS: Of 29 selected @entity1 , 68% were male. In this study, 54.2  25 percent of glomeruli in all biopsies were positive for C4d. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of serum @entity1011 and the magnitude of @entity644 were 1.72  1.2 mg/dl and 1582  1214 mg/day, respectively. In this study, we observed statistically significant correlations of percent C4d positivity with the serum @entity1011 (r=0.61, p=0.0005), magnitude of @entity644 (r=0.72, p=0.0001), the proportion of globally sclerotic glomeruli (r=0.43, p=0.02) and the proportion of tubulointerstitial @entity82 (r=0.54, p=0.0023). CONCLUSIONS: The results from our investigation on C4d positivity in biopsy-proven cases of @entity6994 are in accord with some of the previous studies. These findings, however, require further validation in larger samples.

title: Association of glomerular C4d deposition with various demographic data in IgA @entity8 XXXX ; a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity7491 :: ('MESH:D017098', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse and global IgA deposits']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fast inactivation and deactivation gating were compared between wild-type @entity1 voltage-gated skeletal muscle @entity1372 channel ( @entity16093 ) and @entity972 -aggravated @entity8525 (PAM) mutations @entity57960 , @entity46840 , and @entity52009 . Cell-attached macropatches were used to compare wild-type and PAM-gating properties in normal extracellular K+ (4 mM), decreased K+ (1 mM), and increased K+ (10 mM). @entity46840 /A increased the apparent valence of the conductance (g(V)) curve. Compared to @entity16093 , the steady-state inactivation (h infinity) curve was depolarized for @entity46840 /A but hyperpolarized by @entity52009 , and this mutation increased apparent valence. @entity57961 slowed the rate of current rise towards peak activation. @entity52009 slowed open-state deactivation, inactivated-state deactivation, and recovery from fast inactivation. @entity57961 abbreviated open-state deactivation at negative commands. These mutants slowed open-state deactivation at more positive commands, at voltages for which fast inactivation might influence tail current decay. @entity46840 abbreviated recovery delay without affecting recovery rate. Low K+ increased peak current in @entity16093 and in @entity52009 . For @entity46840 , low K+ increased the rate of entry into fast inactivation, hyperpolarized the g(V) and h(infinity) curves, and increased recovery delay. Biophysical underpinnings of PAM caused by mutations of G1306 thus vary with the specific mutation, and @entity6564 exacerbation of effects of mutations at this residue are not direct.

title: K-aggravated XXXX mutations at residue G1306 differentially alter deactivation gating of @entity1 skeletal muscle sodium channels.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic']

answer: @entity8525 :: (MESH:D009222,Disease) :: ['myotonia']


abstract: Neurofilament proteins are critical to the development and maintenance of neuronal shape in the nervous system. These proteins are developmentally regulated and several transition forms are expressed, prior to full neuronal stabilization. We have studied the spatial distribution and time course of expression of non-phosphorylated neurofilament protein (NPNFP) immunoreactivity in several preparations of @entity35 hippocampus, using a mixture (SMI 311) of several monoclonal antibodies directed against NPNFP epitopes. Differential staining was observed in young and adult hippocampus. Large pyramidal neurons in @entity1251 and @entity16711 subfields were strongly immunoreactive in adult hippocampus whereas the smaller @entity1249 pyramidal neurons, most interneurons and dentate granule cells were immunonegative. SMI 311 staining initially appeared at postnatal day (P) 5 with positive staining in apical dendrites and soma in a few pyramidal neurons in @entity1251 , but almost reached the adult pattern by P10. Compared to adult hippocampus, the number of immunoreactive interneurons in all subfields appeared increased at P10 and P15. In cultures of embryonic hippocampus, all neurons, regardless of their morphology, were SMI 311 positive, suggesting loss of differential expression in tissue culture conditions. However, SMI 311 expression in fetal hippocampal neurons grafted to adult hippocampus was similar to hippocampal neurons which had developed in situ. These results suggest that SMI 311 antibody identifies a distinct group of primarily @entity1251 and @entity16711 pyramidal cells in adult hippocampus. The application of SMI 311 immunostaining appears suitable for identification of large @entity1251 and @entity16711 pyramidal neurons within hippocampal transplants grafted to adult CNS but not in tissue culture.

title: Non-phosphorylated neurofilament protein immunoreactivity in adult and developing XXXX hippocampus: specificity and application in grafting studies.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 increase risk of @entity740 and associated mortality. Race and SES differences in the effects of these risk factors are, however, still unknown. Current study aimed to investigate whether or not race and SES alter the effects of @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 on mortality due to @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data came from the Americans' Changing Lives Study (ACL), 1986 to 2011, a nationally representative prospective cohort of adults with 25 years of follow up. The study included 3,361 adults 25 and older who were followed for up to 25 years. Outcome was @entity204 due to @entity8 . @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 were the main predictors. Race and SES (education, income, and employment) were moderators. Health behaviors and health at baseline were covariates. We used Cox proportional hazards models for data analysis. RESULTS: In separate models, @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 at baseline were associated with higher risk of @entity204 due to @entity8 . From our SES indicators, education and income interacted with @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 on @entity204 due to @entity8 . In a consistent pattern, @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 showed stronger effects on risk of @entity204 due to @entity8 among high SES groups compared to low SES individuals. Race and employment did not alter the effects of @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 showed stronger effects on risk of @entity204 due to @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Social groups differ in how @entity3918 , HTN, and @entity28 influence their health outcomes over long-term periods. Elimination of disparities in @entity8 mortality in the United States requires understandings of the complex and non-linear effects of socioeconomic and medical risk factors on health outcomes. Multi-disciplinary programs and policies are needed to reduce social inequality in @entity8 caused by @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity6 , @entity101 , Obesity and Long Term Risk of XXXX Mortality; Racial and Socioeconomic Differences.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease burden', 'renal diseases', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cervicovaginal @entity1146 is a @entity395 . The management of cervicovaginal @entity1146 has evolved from historical recommendations of hysterectomy to various reconstructive procedures more recently. The latter carries a risk of significant morbidity and unknown fertility. We present our experience in the management of this @entity154 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with cervicovaginal @entity1146 were operated in our hospital from January 2004 through December 2013. The details of their anatomical variations and functional outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen out of twenty @entity1 had cervical agenesis. Two @entity1 had @entity3799 . All @entity1 underwent utero-coloneovaginoplasty. Post operatively, all @entity1 have regular menstrual cycles. One @entity1 is married, sexually active and has satisfactory coital function. One @entity1 had a bowel @entity834 that required a diversion ileostomy. Two @entity1 developed mild @entity850 . One @entity1 has mild @entity33 . No @entity1 has developed @entity52734 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with cervicovaginal @entity1146 need to be counselled about the various reconstructive options available and the potential risks. Social and economic factor play a significant role in determining the plan of management. For @entity1 from conservative societies, utero-coloneovaginoplasty provides a safe conduit for the passage of menstrual flow and coitus, at the cost of permanent @entity249 .

title: Cervicovaginal XXXX with hematometra: restoring menstrual and sexual function by utero-coloneovaginoplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['complex anomaly']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare Mullerian anomaly']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['neovaginal mucosal prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ) (or obliterative @entity5924 ) designates @entity32 and @entity82 occurring predominantly in the walls and contiguous tissues of membranous and respiratory bronchioles, with resultant narrowing of their lumens. It differs from @entity3616 in its histopathology and clinical course. Most cases of @entity4154 occur in the setting of organ transplants, particularly lung and heart-lung transplants, but also in bone marrow transplants. Other bona fide cases are rare: infection, particularly @entity1800 , appears to be a well-documented precursor to @entity4154 in @entity1 , but not in immunocompetent adults. @entity4154 also has been reported in the course of @entity309 , in certain other @entity792 such as @entity7271 , after inhalation of toxic gases such as @entity17242 , after ingestion of certain drugs or medicinal agents such as Sauropus androgynous, and as a cryptogenic illness. Recent reports suggest that @entity4154 , as defined by clinical criteria (that is, @entity4154 ), is very common in lung allograft recipients who survive more than 5 years and, although it is associated with significant mortality, it also can be clinically stable. Furthermore, with the current practice of close monitoring of these @entity1 , it appears that @entity4154 may now be diagnosed at an earlier stage, at which resolution, or at least stabilization of progression, is possible. A histopathologic diagnosis of @entity4154 in lung transplant and other @entity1 may be difficult to make due to the patchy distribution of lesions, the technical difficulty in obtaining tissue in late lesions with extensive @entity82 , and the failure to recognize lesions. With regard to the last of these, in early stages of disease, @entity4154 may be subtle and easily missed in routine @entity1710 - @entity1711 -stained specimens, while in advanced stages the disease may be equally difficult to diagnose if the patchy scarring in the lung is interpreted as nonspecific. The relative loss of bronchioles and the relationship of the scars to contiguous arteries should signal the need for elastic stains to look for the residual elastica of the bronchioles amidst the foci of @entity82 . Increasingly, clinical grounds, including pulmonary functions studies and high-resolution computed tomography findings, are proving to be relatively sensitive methods of detecting @entity4154 . Finally, the progressive airway destruction in chronic transplantation rejection appears to be a T-cell-mediated process. The "active" form of @entity4154 , with @entity32 of the airways, likely precedes the "inactive" or scarred form of @entity4154 .

title: Constrictive (obliterative) XXXX : diagnosis, etiology, and a critical review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'attendant lymphocytic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity17242 :: ('CHEBI:35196', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen oxide']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive bronchiolitis', 'Constrictive bronchiolitis', 'CB', 'bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5924 :: (MESH:D001988,Disease) :: ['bronchiolitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to improve the enforcement rate of the standard regimen (A) of @entity378 chemotherapy. SUBJECTIVE AND METHODS: We introduced the common database system for @entity378 in three national hospitals in Hokkaido. From January 2002 to December 2003, we collected the anonymous informations of the @entity1 with @entity378 at the start of treatment, at the discharge and at the end of treatment. Then, we reported the enforcement rate of the standard regimen (A) as a clinical indicator periodically to three hospitals. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty-nine @entity1 were registered. In @entity1 below 80 years old, the enforcement rate of the standard regimen (A) was 48.5% in 2002. The enforcement rate rose significantly to 62.7% (p = 0.0126) in 2003. In elder smear-positive @entity1 (> or =75) and in elder smear-negative @entity1 (> or =70), the enforcement rate was low (29.1% and 25.0%, respectively). Furthermore in young smear-negative @entity1 (< or =29), the enforcement rate was low (28.0%). As the extent of their disease was minimal, they were treated with other regimens. In @entity1 treated with the standard regimen (A), there were no significant differences in the frequency of adverse effects between elder @entity1 ( 70) and other @entity1 (< or =69). There were also no significant differences in the frequency of changing the regimen between them. Median admission period of 2002 was 114 days. In 2003, it was shortened significantly to 110 days (p = 0.0487). CONCLUSION: By the introduction of the common database system for @entity378 , the enforcement rate of the standard regimen (A) was improved. Low enforcement rate in young smear-negative @entity1 in an important problem to be improved in the future. The clinical indicator based on the common database system between hospitals, is useful to clarify the problems, and then to improve the quality of medical performance.

title: [The improvement of the enforcement rate of the standard regimen (A) of XXXX chemotherapy by the introduction of common database system for @entity378 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ), temporomandibular joint involvement may lead to disturbances in dentofacial growth and mandibular function. The aim of this thesis was to study the dentofacial morphology, temporomandibular joint destruction and mandibular function in @entity4932 @entity1 , and the relation between these factors. The intention was also to make a longitudinal study of the changes in facial morphology during growth and during treatment with functional appliances. Thirty-five @entity4932 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 , aged 7-16 years (mean 11.2 years), and the control groups, with either normal or distal occlusion, were studied by means of panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalograms, study casts, recordings of signs and symptoms of @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ), bite force and chewing characteristics. A method to evaluate the condylar height on panoramic radiographs was developed. Panoramic radiographs are found to be reliable for evaluation of the condylar height, provided the same panoramic machine is used. The dentofacial morphology in @entity4932 @entity1 is characterized by a smaller, more retrognathic and steeper inclined mandible compared to that of healthy @entity1 with ideal occlusion. Compared to healthy @entity1 with distal occlusion, no difference in mandibular retrognathia could be demonstrated but the @entity4932 @entity1 showed a smaller, more steeply inclined mandible. The presence and extent of @entity75 play a significant role in the development of the facial morphology and also contribute to the facial heterogeneity among @entity4932 @entity1 . During growth the @entity4932 @entity1 without radiographically visible @entity75 showed a growth pattern resembling that of healthy @entity1 with normal occlusion, while @entity1 with @entity75 showed aggravation of the mandibular retrognathia and a tendency towards a backward-rotating growth pattern. The chewing movements in @entity4932 @entity1 are restricted by the disease and by the presence of @entity75 . In @entity4932 @entity1 with distal occlusion, interaction between both factors ( @entity4932 and @entity3232 ) resulted in further alterations of the chewing movements and chewing velocity. Subjective signs and clinical symptoms of @entity2956 are more frequently found in @entity4932 @entity1 , some of which are significantly correlated to radiographic changes in the condyle. The bite force and the endurance time are about half of that of healthy @entity1 . A low molar bite force is significantly correlated to a @entity258 . The orthodontic treatment with functional appliances resulted in improvement in the @entity3232 , while the skeletal effects were of minor magnitude in both the @entity4932 @entity1 and in healthy @entity1 with distal occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX . Dentofacial morphology, growth, mandibular function and orthodontic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['condylar lesions']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion', 'dental malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile Chronic arthritis', 'JCA']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low mouth-opening capacity']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['Juvenile chronic arthritis']


abstract: Receptors for urokinase ( @entity2290 ) and plasminogen provide a mechanism to direct the cellular activation of plasminogen. The regulation of these receptors is important for several macrophage functions. In these studies, the effect of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) on @entity2290 , @entity2290 receptor, and plasminogen receptor expression by @entity1 @entity1357 macrophage was examined. @entity2533 induction of @entity2290 expression by @entity1357 cells was differentiation dependent. Suspension and adherent cultures expressed similar constitutive levels of @entity2290 . Exposure of adherent cells to @entity2533 led to a dose- and time-dependent increase in @entity2290 activity which was paralleled by an increase in @entity2290 antigen and @entity2290 mRNA. In contrast, @entity2290 expression by suspension cultures was unresponsive to @entity2533 . The differential response exhibited by suspension and adherent @entity1357 cells may reflect differences in their expression of @entity2533 receptors, since when assayed by crosslinking techniques, suspension cells primarily expressed a 65 kDa receptor; whereas, the adherent cells expressed 65 and 100 kDa receptors. @entity2533 -induced alterations in @entity2290 receptor expression by adherent @entity1357 cells were examined by quantitating membrane-bound @entity2290 activity. Membrane-bound @entity2290 activity increased three-fold when cells were incubated with @entity2533 . The increase in membrane- @entity2290 activity expressed by @entity2533 -treated cells was not due to increased @entity2290 receptor occupancy since incubation of either control or @entity2533 primed cells with exogenous @entity2290 did not lead to an increase in membrane-bound @entity2290 activity. Furthermore, immunoreactive @entity2290 receptor was increased in @entity2533 -treated cells. Following incubation with plasminogen, membrane-bound @entity1351 activity increased three-fold in @entity2533 -treated cells. However, no change in immunoreactive membrane-bound @entity1351 (ogen) was observed. In addition, binding of 125I-Lys-plasminogen to @entity1357 cells was not affected by @entity2533 treatment. We conclude that @entity2533 stimulates membrane-bound @entity1351 activity, without affecting plasminogen receptor expression, through the up-regulation of @entity2290 and the @entity2290 receptor expression.

title: @entity1357 macrophage membrane-bound XXXX activity is up-regulated by @entity2533 via increased expression of urokinase and the urokinase receptor.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta 1', 'transforming growth factor-beta 1']

answer: @entity1351 :: (5340,Gene) :: ['plasmin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One component of effective @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) control is ensuring those at highest risk of @entity2953 have access to clinical services because terminating transmission in this group will prevent most future cases. Here, we describe the results of a validation study of a clinical prediction rule for identifying individuals at increased risk for @entity1047 and @entity281 derived in Vancouver, British Columbia (BC), against a population of asymptomatic @entity1 attending sexual health clinics in other geographical settings in BC. METHODS: We examined electronic records (2000-2012) from clinic visits at seven sexual health clinics in geographical locations outside Vancouver. The model's calibration and discrimination were examined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) statistic, respectively. We also examined the sensitivity and proportion of @entity1 that would need to be screened at different cut-offs of the risk score. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity281 was 5.3% (n=10   425) in the geographical validation population. The prediction rule showed good performance in this population (AUC, 0.69; @entity8108 -L p=0.26). Possible risk scores ranged from -2 to 27. We identified a risk score cut-off point of >= 8 that detected cases with a sensitivity of 86% by screening 63% of the geographical validation population. CONCLUSIONS: The prediction rule showed good generalisability in STI clinics outside of Vancouver with improved discriminative performance compared with temporal validation. The prediction rule has the potential for augmenting triaging services in STI clinics and enhancing targeted testing in population-based screening programmes.

title: A validation study of a clinical prediction rule for screening asymptomatic @entity1047 and XXXX among heterosexuals in British Columbia.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections', 'STIs']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'gonorrhoea infection']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['gonorrhoea infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of modified needlescopic video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for treating @entity5229 . The efficacy between apical pleurectomy and @entity456 through this technique was also compared. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2003, 65 @entity1 with @entity5229 underwent modified needlescopic VATS procedures. The blebs were resected with endoscopic linear staplers. Pleurodesis was achieved by apical pleurectomy before September 2002 (n = 30) and by @entity456 for the remainder of the study period (n = 35). RESULTS: Mean operation time was 103 min in the pleurectomy group and 78 min in the abrasion group (p = 0.001). Complications developed in four @entity1 (6.2%): prolonged air leaks in three @entity1 and wound @entity281 in one @entity1 . The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.8 +/- 1.8 days. The two groups had comparable doses of requested analgesics, complication rates, postoperative chest tube and hospital stays, and postoperative pulmonary function test. Ipsilateral recurrence did not occur in any of the pleurectomy group @entity1 after a mean follow-up of 31 months, but it occurred in three @entity1 (8.6%) in the abrasion group after a mean follow-up of 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Modified needlescopic VATS provides a feasible and safe procedure for treating @entity5229 . In terms of efficacy, apical pleurectomy is more effective in preventing ipsilateral recurrence than @entity456 .

title: Modified needlescopic video-assisted thoracic surgery for XXXX : the long-term effects of apical @entity456 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['primary spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural abrasion']

answer: @entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['primary spontaneous pneumothorax']


abstract: The active metabolite of @entity560 , 1a, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 ( @entity3873 ) is classically known to regulate @entity460 and @entity1391 homeostasis and bone mineralization. In addition, @entity3873 has also been documented to act as a potent anticancer agent in multiple cell culture and animal models of @entity5 . However, major side effects, such as @entity2741 , hinder broad-spectrum therapeutic uses of @entity3873 in @entity5 chemotherapy. Synthesis of @entity3873 analogues with the same or increased antiproliferative and pro-differentiating activities, and with reduced undesired effects on @entity460 and bone metabolism, is getting significant attention towards rational therapeutics to treat @entity5 . In this regard, @entity14872 analogues have been shown to display a certain degree of dissociation between the @entity560 activity in vitro and undesired @entity2741 in vivo. However, few @entity60417 have been described in the literature and fewer of them tested for antitumoral effects. Our group has synthesized a novel @entity560 analogue (EM1) bearing an alkynylphosphonate moiety that combines the low calcemic properties of @entity60417 with the decreased metabolic inactivation due to the presence of a triple bond between @entity4049 and C-24. Biological assays demonstrated that this analogue has potent antiproliferative effects in a wide panel of @entity5 cell lines, even in those resistant to @entity3873 treatment. Importantly, EM1 does not show toxic effects in animals, even administered at high doses and for extended periods of time. In the current review we discuss the effects and the potential application in @entity5 of @entity560 and its derivatives, with an emphasis on @entity14872 analogues.

title: XXXX Analogues of 1a, 25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 are Promising Candidates for Antitumoural Therapies.

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity60417 :: ('MESH:D063065', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphonates']

entities_list: @entity14872 :: ('CHEBI:26066', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphonate']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity14872 :: (CHEBI:26066,Chemical) :: ['Phosphonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To investigate the clinical effect of treatment with @entity9206 La-5 and @entity9207 (Probio-Tec AB-25) to maintain remission in @entity1 with @entity31 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity31 in remission - including proctitis and at least one relapse within the last year were randomised (2:1) in a double-blind placebo-controlled study to Probio-Tec AB-25 or placebo for 52 weeks. The @entity1 were evaluated clinically, endoscopically and histologically at entry and if relapsing. No other medication for @entity31 than the study drug was allowed during the study. Primary endpoint was maintenance of clinical remission, secondary endpoints comparisons of days to relapse, and safety and tolerability of the study drug. The concentrations of the probiotic bacterial strains in stool were analysed in a subset of @entity1 . RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 were randomised. Twenty @entity1 received Probio-Tec AB-25 and twelve @entity1 received placebo. Five @entity1 (25%) in the Probio-Tec AB-25 group and one @entity1 (8%) in the placebo group maintained remission after 1 year of treatment (p=0.37). The median time to relapse was 125.5days (range 11-391 days) in the probiotic group and 104 days (range 28-369 days) in the placebo group respectively, (p=0.683). Probio-Tec AB-25 was overall well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: In this small randomised placebo-controlled trial no significant clinical benefit of Probio-Tec AB-25 could be demonstrated in comparison with placebo for maintaining remission in @entity1 with @entity31 . A difference may be achieved in larger studies, but the clinical significance of this would be questionable. This study was registered in ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT00268164).

title: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial with XXXX La-5 and @entity9207 for maintenance of remission in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'left-sided ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity9207 :: ('552531', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12']

answer: @entity9206 :: (1579,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']


abstract: Over the last year, significant steps have been made toward understanding the pathogenesis of @entity1208 and translating this knowledge to clinical practice. @entity354 ( @entity354 ) is the most common outpatient diagnosis in gastroenterology and has a high prevalence in the general population. As many as 40% of @entity1 with @entity354 have incomplete response to medical therapy, and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying lack of response are now better understood. Novel medical and minimally invasive interventions are available to optimize management of @entity354 . @entity418 , regardless of the histological subtype, has among the worst survival statistics among all @entity5 . Taking advantage of technological advances in genome sequencing, the mutational spectra in @entity418 are now emerging, offering novel avenues for targeted therapies. Early diagnosis is another strand for improving survival. While genome-wide association studies are providing insights into genetic susceptibility, novel approaches to early detection of @entity5 are being devised through the use of biomarkers applied to esophageal samples and as part of imaging technologies. @entity4423 and @entity5202 are the differential diagnoses in @entity1 with @entity1282 . New pathophysiological classifications have improved the management of @entity1319 . Meanwhile, exciting progress has been made in the endoscopic management of these conditions. @entity5202 is still a relatively new entity, and the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. However, it is now clear that an @entity56 to food plays an important role, and dietary interventions as well as biologic agents to block the inflammatory cascade are novel, promising fields of clinical research.

title: Research advances in XXXX : bench to bedside.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['Dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorders']

answer: @entity1208 :: (MESH:D004935,Disease) :: ['esophageal diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The pH preferred and avoided by wild, adult @entity12943 @entity12943 and brown trout Salmo trutta was examined in a series a laboratory tests using gradual and steep-gradient flow-through aquaria. The results were compared with those published for the observed segregation patterns of juvenile @entity12943 and @entity20050 in Pennsylvania streams. The adult @entity20050 tested showed a preference for pH 4  0 while adult @entity12943 did not prefer any pH within the range tested. Salmo trutta are not found in Pennsylvania streams with a base-flow pH < 5  8 which suggests that @entity20050 prefer pH well above 4  0. Adult @entity20050 displayed a lack of avoidance at pH below 5  0, as also reported earlier for juveniles. The avoidance pH of wild, adult @entity12943 (between pH 5  5 and 6  0) and @entity20050 (between pH 6  5 and 7  0) did not differ appreciably from earlier study results for the avoidance pH of juvenile @entity12943 and @entity20050 . A comparison of c.i. around these avoidance estimates indicates that avoidance pH is similar among adult @entity12943 and @entity20050 in this study. The limited overlap of c.i. for avoidance pH values for the two species, however, suggests that some @entity20050 will display avoidance at a higher pH when @entity12943 will not. The results of this study indicate that segregation patterns of adult @entity12943 and @entity20050 in Pennsylvania streams could be related to pH and that competition with @entity20050 could be mediating the occurrence of @entity12943 at some pH levels.

title: pH preference and avoidance responses of adult XXXX @entity12943 and brown trout Salmo trutta.

entities_list: @entity12943 :: ('8038', 'Species') :: ['S. fontinalis', 'S.  fontinalis', 'brook trout', 'Salvelinus fontinalis']

answer: @entity12943 :: (8038,Species) :: ['brook trout']


abstract: During recent years, much attention has been devoted at investigating the modulatory role of central @entity750 (2C) receptors on @entity935 (DA) neuron activity, and it has been proposed that these receptors modulate selectively DA exocytosis associated with increased firing of DA neurons. In the present study, using in vivo microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the striatum of @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity35 , we addressed this hypothesis by assessing the ability of @entity750 (2C) agents to modulate the increase in DA outflow induced by @entity1767 and @entity2072 , of which the effects on DA outflow are associated or not with an increase in DA neuron firing, respectively. The intraperitoneal administration of @entity2072 (10-30 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent increase in DA extracellular levels in the NAc and the striatum. The effect of 15 mg/kg @entity2072 was potentiated by the mixed @entity750 (2C/2B) antagonist @entity56573 (5 mg/kg i.p.) and the selective @entity750 (2C) antagonist @entity21483 (1 mg/kg i.p.) in both brain regions. The mixed @entity750 (2C/2B) agonist, @entity41510 (1 mg/kg i.p.), failed to affect @entity2072 -induced DA outflow, but reduced significantly the increase in DA outflow induced by the subcutaneous administration of 0.1 mg/kg @entity1767 . The obtained results provide evidence that @entity750 (2C) receptors exert similar effects in both the NAc and the striatum, and they modulate DA exocytosis also when its increase occurs independently from an increase in DA neuron impulse activity. Furthermore, they show that @entity750 (2C) agonists, at variance with @entity750 (2C) antagonists, exert a preferential control on the impulse-stimulated release of DA.

title: In vivo evidence that 5-HT2C receptor antagonist but not agonist modulates @entity2072 -induced XXXX outflow in the @entity35 nucleus accumbens and striatum.

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence rate of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) in Russia has increased from 9.3 to 16.5 per 100000 @entity1 -years making it the 4th commonest form of @entity5 in @entity1 . In spite of lack of evidence to justify the wide spread incorporation of @entity7735 screening it continues to gain popularity. We present the results of the screening study, which was initiated at Blokhin @entity5 Center in 1996. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1129 healthy volunteers, 40-80 years old were recruited into the screening arm. @entity1 underwent 3 screening tests including total @entity7735 measurement, digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). 6-10 core biopsies were performed in @entity1 with suspicious findings on DRE or TRUS and @entity1 with @entity7735 greater than 4 ng/ml. The control arm included 943 @entity1 who were referred to our center between 1996 and 2001. RESULTS: Five yearly rounds of screening were performed with an overall @entity5 detection rate of 5.7% (64). 54 @entity5 were detected in the first round, 6 in the second, 3 in the third, 1 in the fourth and none in the fifth round. In @entity1 with @entity7735 between 4 and 10 ng/ml the sensitivity of total @entity7735 was 92% with specificity 63%. The majority of @entity1 with high grade @entity263 (21 of 22) had @entity7735 above 4 ng/ml. The sensitivity of DRE reached 54%, with a specificity 94% and @entity2286 24.7%. The sensitivity of TRUS was 65% with a specificity 92%, and @entity2286 22.4%. In the control arm @entity263 was diagnosed in 489 (52%) of 943 @entity1 with 79% having either locally advanced or metastatic disease. On the contrary, 80% of @entity1 in screening arm had clinically localized disease. 41% (22) of screened @entity1 had high grade disease compared to 57% (538) in the control arm. Over 50% of screen detected @entity1 were treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy compared to only 25% in clinically diagnosed group. The overall 8-year survival of @entity1 in the screening arm treated with definite therapy (radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy) was better than in @entity1 treated conservatively, 66% versus 43% (p = 0.047). However, when adjusted to the stage the difference in survival was lost, 74% versus 56% (p = 0.2). CONCLUSION: Screening of @entity263 enables detection of the disease at an earlier, localized stage. The increased detection of cases with organ-confined @entity263 is hoped to result in a decreased number of @entity5 .

title: Screening of XXXX . Is it needed? Russian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-specific deaths', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity24386 ( @entity24386 ) is characterized by fever, @entity490 , and @entity1398 . Observed most commonly in relation to solid, hematologic, and lymphoproliferative @entity5 and their treatment, this disease entity may involve a wide area of the gastrointestinal tract. We report the first case of @entity24386 with isolated appendiceal involvement in a non-oncologic @entity1398 @entity1 who was managed successfully medically. In addition, we formally recognize @entity1398 as a variant of @entity24386 and differentiate it from acute non- @entity1398 . METHODS: Case report and review of the pertinent English language literature. CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old @entity1 with seronegative large-joint @entity625 presented emergently with a one-day history of subjective @entity490 in the setting of recently developed @entity3378 -induced @entity3028 . Abdominal examination revealed mild-to-moderate @entity925 and rebound @entity925 in the right lower quadrant. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen demonstrated findings consistent with @entity697 . The @entity1 improved clinically with non-operative management including a broad-spectrum antibiotic, with normalization of the white blood cell count four days after initiation of @entity1261 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Given the similarity in clinical presentation and CT imaging in @entity1 with @entity1398 and non- @entity1398 , accurate recognition of @entity1398 rests on a thorough @entity1 history and a high index of suspicion in febrile @entity1398 @entity1 .

title: Variant @entity24386 presenting as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity24386 :: ('MESH:D044504', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenic enterocolitis', 'NE']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic appendicitis', 'neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'fever and acute-onset abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although early identification of @entity1 at risk for @entity1282 is crucial in @entity64 care, predicting whether a particular @entity1 is likely to have swallowing problems based on the brain scan is difficult because a comprehensive model of swallowing control is missing. In this study whether @entity64 location is associated with @entity1282 incidence, severity and the occurrence of penetration or @entity1173 was systematically evaluated relying on a voxel-based imaging analysis approach. METHODS: Two hundred @entity64 @entity1 were investigated applying fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing within 96  h from admission. Lesion masks were obtained from each @entity1 's brain scan and registered to standard space. The percentage of lesioned volume of 137 atlas-based brain regions was determined in each case. Region-specific odds ratios were afterwards calculated with respect to presence of @entity1282 , its severity and occurrence of penetration or @entity1173 . RESULTS: In all, 165 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1282 , 80 of whom had severe @entity73 . For each investigated item there were significant differences of regional percentage @entity1188 in distinct brain areas between affected @entity1 and those who did not present with that specific dysfunction. In particular, right hemispheric lesions of the pre- and post-central gyri, opercular region, supramarginal gyrus and respective subcortical white matter tracts were related to @entity1282 , with post-central lesions being especially associated with severe swallowing impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct @entity75 locations are related to the incidence, severity and pattern of swallowing dysfunction.

title: The impact of lesion location on XXXX incidence, pattern and complications in @entity64 . Part 1: @entity1282 incidence, severity and @entity1173 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['swallow impairment']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: Non-islet-cell @entity5 which induce hypoglycaemia are rare. @entity5100 ) produced by some @entity5 is thought to be responsible for the hypoglycaemia and other systemic effects, despite normal or even low serum @entity5100 levels. We studied a 44-year-old @entity1 presenting with symptomatic hypoglycaemia associated with a large intraabdominal haemangiopericytoma. The serum @entity5100 level was 455 micrograms/l when measured after acid- @entity1068 extraction (normal range (NR) 450-750 micrograms/l) and 1063 micrograms/l after acid chromatography (normal human serum pool 1068 micrograms/l). Levels of fasting plasma insulin, @entity2690 , @entity413 and serum @entity442 levels were low before the operation (less than 2 mU/l (NR less than 2-14), 0.23 nmol/l (NR 0.4-1.2), 3.1 mmol/l, (NR 3.7-5.9) and 0.02 U/ml respectively). After @entity5 removal, the symptoms resolved rapidly and the @entity1 made a full recovery. Secretion of both insulin and @entity2124 was suppressed before the operation in response to a 75 g @entity413 meal and to an infusion of 100 micrograms @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) respectively in comparison with studies after the operation. Serum @entity5100 levels 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the operation fell to 385 micrograms/l (777 micrograms/l; acid chromatography) and 280 micrograms/l (647 micrograms/l; acid chromatography) and serum @entity442 levels increased to 0.35 U/ml and 0.26 U/ml. Serum before the operation and @entity5 extract contained chiefly a large molecular weight precursor @entity5100 (molecular weight 15,000-20,000) which disappeared from the serum after the operation. The IGF-binding proteins ( @entity10116 , @entity10513 , @entity2301 and @entity12561 ) were examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in a case of non-islet-cell XXXX -associated hypoglycaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['GHRH', 'GH-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II', 'IGF-II']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of proton exchange were performed on @entity375 tRNA( @entity815 ) and @entity375 tRNA( @entity2574 ), at temperatures from 20 to 45 degrees C, in the presence of various levels of salt, @entity1391 , added @entity1760 , and pH. The dynamical changes of the tRNA molecule were interpreted, with the aid of firmly established assignments and the use of the saturation recovery technique. In tRNA( @entity815 ), the exchange rates in zero @entity1760 indicated early melting of the acceptor stem, tertiary structure, and D stem. However, in the presence of even low levels of @entity1760 the D stem remained intact up to high temperature, stabilized by a @entity1025 ion. A similar unfolding sequence was observed in tRNA( @entity2574 ). The difference between these two tRNAs was the thermal behavior of the tertiary resonance U8-A14. In tRNA( @entity815 ), this base pair showed sharp rate increases between 32 and 39 degrees C. However, in tRNA( @entity2574 ), it remained intact up to 36 degrees C and disappeared at 39 degrees C, even if there was not important kinetic broadening. By measuring the temperature dependence of the exchange rates, we obtained an activation energy of 40-60 kcal/mol for all the imino protons of @entity375 tRNA( @entity815 ) in zero @entity1760 . The same activation energy was obtained for tRNA( @entity815 ) with equimolar concentration of @entity1760 . By investigation of the dependence of the exchange rates of these imino protons on solution conditions, we observed the transition from kop rate limiting in the absence of @entity1760 to kex rate limiting in the presence of @entity1760 .

title: Proton exchange and basepair kinetics of XXXX tRNA( @entity815 ) and tRNA(Asp1).

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in predicting resectability of @entity9451 has been questioned recently and alternative methods have been recommended. METHODS: To determine the accuracy of CT for predicting resectability and its influence on survival, a standard protocol for performing CT and reporting the results was developed and then compared retrospectively with the ability of one surgeon to perform a resection during 1989-1994. Postoperative survival was determined. RESULTS: Of 88 consecutive @entity1 35 (40 per cent) had CT-resectable disease and 53 (60 per cent) had CT-irresectable disease. Twenty-one @entity1 were excluded because of @entity1442 or poor performance status. Of the remaining 67 @entity1 , 47 (70 per cent) had @entity1124 and 20 (30 per cent) had @entity420 , of whom 32 had a resection, 32 had a palliative bypass and three had only a staging laparoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity for computed tomographic prediction of resectability were 72 and 80 per cent respectively. The positive predictive value was 77 per cent and the negative predictive value 76 per cent. There were seven false-positive and nine false-negative findings. Survival was more dependent on whether or not resection was performed than on computed tomographic predictability of resection. CONCLUSION: CT was reasonably accurate in predicting resectability but cannot be relied on entirely, requiring an improvement in staging methods for @entity9451 .

title: Prediction of resectability of XXXX by computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity9451 :: (MESH:D010195,Disease) :: ['pancreatic malignancy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph node @entity3 is one of the most important factors influencing prognosis and further therapy in @entity1 with @entity2622 . The aim of this study was to confirm the impact of nodal @entity3 od disease-free interval in @entity1 with stage @entity3846 @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From June 1986 to December 1999 269 @entity1 with stage @entity3846 @entity2622 were operated on. Two hundred thirty-six (87.84%) @entity1 had class III and 33 (12.16%) class II radical hysterectomy, according to Piver's classification. RESULTS: The median number of the removed lymph nodes was 21. Positive lymph nodes were found in 71 (25.28%) @entity1 . All @entity1 with positive lymph nodes received postoperative adjuvant external beam radiotherapy. @entity1 with bulky @entity66 received also chemotherapy.Overall 5-year disease-free interval in 212 @entity1 was 80%. Five-year disease-free interval for @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 was 91%, while it was 40% in those with lymph node @entity3 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Surgical staging of @entity5 , which includes pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy,together with pathological data, can provide potentially useful information for the radiation oncologist and precise analysis of survival and prognostic risk factors.

title: Radical hysterectomy for stage @entity3846 @entity2622 : lymph node XXXX as a prognostic factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the uterine cervix', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity161 demonstrate @entity73 , but no studies have examined the underlying cognitive mechanisms (e.g., clustering and switching) associated with impaired fluency among middle-aged and older, non-institutionalized @entity1 . Using Troyer et al.'s [Troyer, A.K., Moscovitch, M., Winocur, G., 1997. Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: evidence from younger and older healthy adults. Neuropsychology 11 (1), 138-146] conceptual model, we examined clustering and switching on verbal fluency tasks among 163 middle-aged and older outpatients with @entity161 and 92 age comparable healthy comparison (HC) @entity1 . The @entity1 produced significantly fewer total words than HC @entity1 on both the letter ("F", "A", "S") and Animal fluency conditions. With regard to clustering, @entity1 were similar to HC @entity1 on both @entity24344 and Animal fluency tasks. However, significantly fewer switches between lexical-semantic categories were observed among @entity1 with @entity161 on both conditions relative to HC @entity1 . A small, but statistically significant association was found between number of switches on the Animal fluency task and severity of negative symptoms. The absence of a difference in mean cluster size between the @entity1 and HC groups suggests intact lexical-semantic stores among middle-aged and older outpatients with @entity161 . Differences in switching between @entity1 and HC @entity1 may be driven by several @entity73 associated with @entity161 . Further delineation of the cognitive mechanisms of the observed @entity51 in @entity161 should be a focus of future research.

title: @entity73 among middle-aged and older outpatients with XXXX are characterized by deficient switching.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired verbal fluency', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['lexical-semantic switching deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that bipolar @entity1 may differ in several features according to gender, but a number of the differences found remain controversial. METHODS: The demographic, illness course, clinical, comorbidity and temperament characteristics of a total of 1090 consecutive DSM-IV @entity162 @entity162 inpatients were compared according to gender. RESULTS: @entity162 in @entity1 was characterised by the predominance of @entity308 , as indicated by a @entity308 polarity at onset, higher rates of mixed @entity162 , more suicidal behaviour, and a greater number of temperaments with @entity308 propensities. In contrast, the @entity162 component was found to predominate in @entity1 . @entity1 also had an earlier onset of their illness. @entity1 displayed more comorbidities with eating, @entity209 , whereas @entity1 were more comorbid with @entity988 and other forms of substance abuse, neurological, and @entity5 . The following independent variables were associated with male gender: being single (+), @entity308 temperament (-), excessive @entity167 use (+), cyclothymic temperament (-), excessive other substance use (+), mood congruent psychotic features (+), and @entity162 polarity at onset (+). LIMITATIONS: The retrospective design and the sample being potentially not representative of the @entity162 population are limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study tend to confirm most of the differences previously observed among bipolar @entity1 and @entity1 . Furthermore, these results draw attention to the risks that may be specifically linked to gender differences in @entity162 @entity1 .

title: Risks associated with gender differences in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'bipolar I', 'Bipolar illness', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer disorders']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety, and endocrine/metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar I disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Deficient retro-aortic rim has been identified as a risk factor for device @entity2681 following trans-catheter closure of @entity118 ( @entity118 ). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the primary screening method for subjects for possible device closure of ASD, but its reliability in measuring retro-aortic rim size has not been assessed previously. DESIGN: A single-institution cross-sectional analysis of @entity1 and adults referred for trans-catheter device closure of single ostium secundum ASD from January 1, 2005 to April 1, 2012 with reviewable TTE and trans-esophageal echocardiogram images was performed. Inter-rater reliability of measurements was tested in a 24% sample. Accuracy of TTE measurement of retro-aortic rim was assessed using a Bland-Altman plot with trans-esophageal echocardiogram measurement as the gold standard. Test characteristics of TTE detection of @entity2333 were calculated. Risk factors for misclassification of @entity2333 were assessed using receiver operator characteristic curves. Risk factors for measurement error were assessed through multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: In total, 163 subjects of median age 5 years (range: 0.3-46 years) were included. Trans-thoracic echocardiography had 90% sensitivity, 84% specificity, 90% positive predictive value, and 83% negative predictive value to detect @entity2333 . Bland-Altman plot demonstrated no fixed bias (P   =   .23), but errors in measurement increased on average as the aortic rim increased in size (P   <   .001). Prespecified @entity1 level risk factors did not affect receiver operator characteristic curve area under the curve, nor were any @entity1 -level risk factors independently associated with increased measurement error on TTE. CONCLUSIONS: TTE is a sensitive and specific screening test for @entity2333 across a range of @entity1 ages and sizes.

title: Accuracy of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Assessing Retro-aortic Rim prior to Device Closure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASDs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['deficient retro-aortic rim']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['Atrial Septal Defects']


abstract: Skeletal development and growth are complex processes regulated by multiple microenvironmental cues, including integrin-ECM interactions. The b1 sub-family of integrins is the largest integrin sub-family and constitutes the main integrin binding partners of collagen I, the major ECM component of bone. As complete b1 integrin knockout results in @entity2085 , studies of b1 integrin function in vivo rely on tissue-specific gene deletions. While multiple in vitro studies indicate that b1 integrins are crucial regulators of osteogenesis and mineralization, in vivo osteoblast-specific perturbations of b1 integrins have resulted in mild and sometimes contradictory skeletal phenotypes. To further investigate the role of b1 integrins on skeletal phenotype, we used the @entity58228 -Cre, @entity32251 -Cre and @entity2450 -Cre lines to generate conditional b1 integrin deletions, where Cre is expressed primarily in mesenchymal condensation, pre-osteoblast, and mature osteoblast lineage cells respectively within these lines. @entity19 with @entity58228 -specific b1 integrin disruption were smaller, had impaired skeletal development, especially in the craniofacial and vertebral tissues at E19.5, and did not survive beyond birth. @entity32251 -specific b1 integrin deficiency resulted in viable @entity19 which were normal at birth but displayed @entity154 in @entity9332 , incisor eruption and growth as well as femoral bone mineral density, structure, and mechanical properties. Although these defects persisted into adulthood, they became milder with age. Finally, a lack of b1 integrins in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes resulted in minor alterations to femur structure but had no effect on mineral density, biomechanics or @entity174 healing. Taken together, our data indicate that b1 integrin expression in early mesenchymal condensations play an important role in skeletal ossification, while b1 integrin-ECM interactions in pre-osteoblast, odontoblast- and @entity1184 chondryocyte-lineage cells regulate incisor eruption and perinatal bone formation in both intramembranously and endochondrally formed bones in young, rapidly growing @entity19 . In contrast, the @entity2450 -specific b1 integrin deletion had only minor effects on skeletal phenotype.

title: The effect of conditional inactivation of beta 1 integrins using twist 2 Cre, XXXX Cre and @entity2450 Cre lines on skeletal phenotype.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['early defects']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lethality']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial ossification']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

answer: @entity32251 :: (170574(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Osterix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a multicentre clinical study was evaluated the efficacy and safety of a mouthwash containing @entity3522 0.074% in @entity1 undergone to oral or periodontal surgery. METHODS: Multicentre clinical open study. The @entity1 rinsed for 1 min twice a day with @entity3522 mouthwash for 7 days. After the baseline measurements of all parameters, spontaneous @entity158 and burning were evaluated daily, while redness and @entity4 after 3 and 7 days of treatment. Seventy-nine @entity1 (48 F, 31 M), mean aged 42.5 years+/-13.1 SD, with @entity158 intensity at the end of anaesthesia effect equivalent to 54.8 mm+/-15.1 SD of a visual analogue scale were evaluated for efficacy. RESULTS: Spontaneous @entity158 was significantly reduced by @entity3522 mouthwash, versus baseline, in the first day of treatment. After a week of treatment, intensity was reduced more than 88% (p<0.01). Burning, redness and @entity4 too evidenced a similar behaviour, with absence of the sign respectively superior to 87%, 72% and 91 % (p<0.01). The physician's and @entity1 's final judgement overlapped, recording a resolution/improvement in 94.1% of cases, particularly improvement in 77.2% for the physician and in 70.9% for the @entity1 . Palatability was judged pleasant/acceptable in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3522 mouthwash is endowed by very good efficacy and safety in the treatment of inflammatory condition of the @entity14705 following oral or periodontal surgery.

title: [Efficacy and safety of mouthwash XXXX in oral or periodontal surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['buccal cavity']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the characteristics of @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) in the Hospital Infantil Universitario Ni  o Jes  s (HIUNJ) between 2003 and 2008. To also evaluate whether clinical variables as age, gender, initial platelet count, and treatment have any prognostic significance on the outcome of @entity3039 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from 288 @entity1 diagnosed with "Purpura and other @entity548 ". Forty-two out of these 288 satisfied the criteria for "chronic @entity3039 ". RESULTS: Ten @entity1 out of 42 (23.8%) achieved remission with splenectomy, and 25 (almost 60%) achieved it without splenectomy (14 were complete remissions and 11 were partial remissions). Eight @entity1 (almost 20% of @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 ) had spontaneous remissions between 6 and 12 months from initial diagnosis. None of the clinical variables analysed were related to the outcome of the disease and the prognosis of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Almost 60% of @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 without treatment regardless of age, gender, initial treatment or platelet count. Splenectomy is one of the treatments with best results; however the high spontaneous recovery rate in @entity1 with cITP, the low percentage of @entity548 , and the generally benign outcome should encourage delaying this as long as possible. As it is possible to have a remission between 6 and 12 months from the initial diagnosis, the term "chronic" should be reserved for @entity1 with @entity3039 lasting more than 1 year.

title: [What is the prognosis of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP achieve remission', 'chronic immune thrombocytopenia', 'ITP']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhagic illnesses']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['chronic immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: The effect of temperature on isolated @entity35 liver perfusion was studied. Livers were perfused for 12 hours with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C, followed by one hour normothermic reperfusion. After each perfusion, @entity26 consumption, liver enzyme release, tissue swelling, energy metabolism and histopathological abnormalities were determined. Compared to the @entity26 consumption at 37 degrees C, that of 25, 10 and 5 degrees C was 47%, 16% and 12%, respectively. When the liver was perfused at 30 degrees C, higher enzyme release and lower energy status was observed. Tissue swelling was significant only with livers perfused at 5, 10 and 30 degrees C. After normothermic reperfusion, @entity99 indicated by enzyme release and bile production was remarkable with 30 degrees C liver, and that of the other groups was essentially the same as the control. @entity855 of 5, 25 and 30 degrees C liver was significantly lower than the control. Histopathological examination demonstrated abnormalities of sinusoidal cells and hepatocytes in livers perfused at 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C Thus higher temperature (25 degrees C to 30 degrees C) during continuous perfusion were found to induce @entity409 . Moderate @entity2332 between 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C maintained structure and function of @entity35 livers rather well. These results suggest that, when a machine perfusion of the liver is attempted, a wider temperature range, higher than the conventional, needs to be taken into consideration.

title: Isolated perfusion of XXXX livers: effect of temperature on O2 consumption, enzyme release, energy store, and morphology.

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute effect of @entity619 administration on serum leptin levels and the relationships between @entity2494 ( @entity2990 ), @entity2671 , @entity251 and the @entity442 /IGFBP system and leptin levels in healthy elderly @entity1 . METHODS: In 209 healthy elderly individuals (95 @entity1 , 114 @entity1 , aged 55-80 years) measurements were made in the fasting state (0800 h) and after an overnight @entity619 suppression test (1 mg p.o. at 2300 h. RESULTS: Mean leptin levels increased from 6.2 +/- 0.4 (SE) micrograms/l to 7.3 +/- 0.5 (SE) micrograms/l in @entity1 and from 18.9 +/- 1.4 (SE) micrograms/l to 23.9 +/- 1.8 (SE) micrograms/l in @entity1 after 1 mg @entity619 overnight ('post treatment')(P < 0.001 for both sexes). There was a significant relationship between post-treatment leptin and @entity619 levels ( @entity1 : P = 0.002; @entity1 : P < 0.001). The increase in leptin levels after @entity619 administration was only partially related to the increase in plasma insulin concentrations. @entity701 levels were not related to leptin. In multivariate analyses the relationship between post-treatment leptin and @entity619 levels remained after adjustment for post-treatment insulin levels, BMI, waist:hip ratio (WHR) and age ( @entity1 : P < 0.001; @entity1 : P = 0.001). Plasma (free and total) @entity442 and @entity2301 levels were not related to leptin levels in @entity1 or @entity1 . @entity10116 levels were inversely related to leptin levels (P = 0.02), but this relationship was lost after adjustment for insulin, and/or BMI. In multivariate analyses the relationship between leptin and DHEAS was inverse in @entity1 (P = 0.04) (after adjustment for BMI, WHR, insulin and @entity413 ), while there was no relationship between leptin and DHEAS in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Administration of @entity619 acutely increased leptin levels within 9 h in this elderly population. This increase was only partly related to changes in circulating insulin concentrations, but was independent of BMI and waist:hip ratio. No relation existed between leptin and (free or total) @entity442 and @entity2301 in @entity1 or @entity1 . @entity2494 was inversely related to leptin in @entity1 . These findings suggest a contributory regulatory role for corticosteroids in modulating circulating leptin concentrations in elderly healthy individuals of both sexes, which is at least in part independent of insulin, BMI and waist:hip ratio. @entity2494 might play a role in the gender-specific differences in serum leptin levels.

title: The acute effect of @entity619 on plasma leptin concentrations and the relationships between fasting leptin, the @entity442 /IGFBP system, @entity2494 , XXXX and @entity251 in an elderly population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['Dehydroepiandrosterone', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2671 :: (MESH:D000735,Chemical) :: ['androstenedione']


abstract: AIM: In the TELEDIAB-1 study, the Diabeo system (a smartphone coupled to a website) improved @entity4051 c by 0.9% vs controls in @entity1 with chronic, poorly controlled type 1 @entity6 . The system provided two main functions: automated advice on the insulin doses required; and remote monitoring by teleconsultation. The question is: how much did each function contribute to the improvement in HbA1c? METHODS: Each @entity1 received a smartphone with an insulin dose advisor (IDA) and with (G3 group) or without (G2 group) the telemonitoring/teleconsultation function. @entity1 were classified as "high users" if the proportion of "informed" meals using the IDA exceeded 67% (median) and as "low users" if not. Also analyzed was the respective impact of the IDA function and teleconsultations on the final @entity4051 c levels. RESULTS: Among the high users, the proportion of informed meals remained stable from baseline to the end of the study 6months later (from 78.1  21.5% to 73.8  25.1%; P=0.107), but decreased in the low users (from 36.6  29.4% to 26.7  28.4%; P=0.005). As expected, HbA1c improved in high users from 8.7% [range: 8.3-9.2%] to 8.2% [range: 7.8-8.7%] in @entity1 with (n=26) vs without (n=30) the benefit of telemonitoring/teleconsultation (-0.49  0.60% vs -0.52  0.73%, respectively; P=0.879). However, although HbA1c also improved in low users from 9.0% [8.5-10.1] to 8.5% [7.9-9.6], those receiving support via teleconsultation tended to show greater improvement than the others (-0.93  0.97 vs -0.46  1.05, respectively; P=0.084). CONCLUSION: The Diabeo system improved glycaemic control in both high and low users who avidly used the IDA function, while the greatest improvement was seen in the low users who had the motivational support of teleconsultations.

title: Telemedicine and type 1 XXXX : is technology per se sufficient to improve glycaemic control?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 was ranked as the sixth worldwide most common @entity5 , but recent studies noticed an overall downward trend in its incidence. However, for @entity5 localized on the tongue, the incidence seems to increase. The @entity189 is associated with loss of epithelial differentiation and gain of a mesenchymal phenotype, a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which for @entity957 ( @entity957 ) could be a predictor and a prognostic factor. The aim of our study was to investigate immunohistochemically the @entity5962  @entity6076 "switch" and @entity2277 expression as markers of EMT process in tongue @entity957 . Thus, we analyzed 15 cases of tongue @entity957 by enzymatic double immunohistochemistry using the following double pairs of antibodies: @entity5962  @entity2277 and @entity6076  @entity5962 . @entity5962 reactivity was recorded in all the investigated cases, the pattern of expression being both membranous and cytoplasmic, with the membrane pattern decreasing simultaneously with the decrease of the differentiation degree and with the increase of invasion phenotype, while the cytoplasmic pattern had an opposite behavior. @entity5 parenchyma reactivity for @entity2277 was noticed in 73.3% and its expression was more obvious in @entity5 cells from the periphery of proliferative islands and in acantholytic @entity3909 cells. @entity6076 reactivity was restricted to only 33.33% of the investigated cases and its expression was prevalent in poorly differentiated forms. In conclusion, in @entity957 at the invasion front the @entity5962 reactivity decreases while @entity2277 expression increases, with a cytoplasmic @entity6076 reactivity in a few of the observed cases. This EMT phenotype was correlated with the decrease of differentiation degree, with the increase of the type of invasion pattern and with increasing disease' stages and thus these EMT markers could be used for prognostic stratification of such @entity1 .

title: The immunohistochemical investigations of cadherin "switch" during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Oral cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas', 'OSCC', 'tongue squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of many carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['tongue squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity64 , defined as a focal or global disturbance of cerebral function lasting over 24h resulting from disruption of its blood supply, is a devastating event for a pregnant @entity1 . This can result in long-term disability or @entity204 , and impact on her family and unborn @entity1 . In addition to pre-existing @entity1 risk factors, the @entity49 state and @entity1468 need to be taken into account. The patterns and types of @entity64 affect pregnant @entity1 differ from the non-pregnant female population of @entity1 -bearing age. Like other @entity887 in pregnancy, @entity64 is essentially a disease of the puerperium. Population studies have estimated the risk of @entity64 at between 21.2 and 46.2 per 100,000. The US Nationwide Inpatient Sample, identified 2850 pregnancies complicated by @entity64 in the United States in 2000-2001, for a rate of 34.2 per 100,000 deliveries. There were 117 deaths, a mortality rate of 1.4 per 100,000. Both the mortality and disability rates were higher than previously reported, with 10-13% of @entity1 dying. With the increasing prevalence of @entity28 , @entity101 and @entity299 amongst @entity1 of @entity1 -bearing age, so is the incidence of @entity64 during pregnancy and the puerperium. In the United States, an alarming trend toward higher numbers of @entity64 hospitalizations during the last decade was demonstrated in studies from 1995 to 1996 and 2006 to 2007. The rate of all types of @entity64 increased by 47% among antenatal hospitalizations, and by 83% among post-partum hospitalizations. @entity101 , @entity28 and @entity299 complicated 32% of antenatal admissions and 53% of post-partum admissions. In addition to pre-existing @entity1 risk factors, the @entity49 state and @entity1468 need to be taken into account. The patterns and types of @entity64 affect pregnant @entity1 differ from the non-pregnant female population of @entity1 -bearing age. Like other @entity887 in pregnancy, @entity64 is essentially a disease of the puerperium.

title: A review of XXXX and pregnancy: incidence, management and prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared contrast-enhanced sonography findings with pathologic findings in @entity788 to evaluate the ability of contrast-enhanced sonography to depict the pathologic changes associated with @entity788 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity788 who underwent surgery were investigated. Sonography was performed with contrast material (Levovist) for all @entity1 before surgery. Pathologic findings were evaluated on the basis of the resected @entity5 specimens. We compared contrast-enhanced sonography findings with pathologic findings. RESULTS: All @entity5 that were hyperechoic on contrast-enhanced sonography were @entity4937 , and all @entity5 that were hypoechoic on contrast-enhanced sonography were @entity420 . Among @entity420 , five (71.4%) of seven @entity5 for which the size of the hypoechoic area was unchanged on contrast-enhanced sonography had clear @entity5 margins with no infiltration or @entity32 in the margin. In contrast, all @entity5 for which the size of the hypoechoic area was reduced on contrast-enhanced sonography had unclear @entity5 margins with infiltration of cancerous cells and @entity32 . Nine (90%) of 10 @entity5 that showed partial contrast enhancement or a vascular shadow in a hypoechoic area had large or medium-sized vessels within a @entity5 at pathology. In contrast, only one (4.8%) of 21 @entity5 that did not show the vascular shadow in a hypoechoic area had no large or medium-sized vessels in a @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced sonography well reflects the pathologic changes of @entity788 and will provide useful information in a pretreatment evaluation. Further studies with a large number of @entity1 will be required to confirm this finding.

title: Comparison of IV contrast-enhanced sonography and histopathology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma', 'ductal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. @entity1 : Total of 3271 @entity1 aged 40 years and older from Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Five-year incidence of @entity1538 . METHODS: @entity1 were recruited through a cluster random sampling from nine urban clusters. Baseline examination was conducted from 1992 through 1994, and the follow-up data were collected from 1997 through 1999. Each @entity1 both at baseline and follow-up underwent a standardized ophthalmic examination including intraocular pressure measurement, visual field assessment, cup-to-disc ratio measurement, and paired stereo photographs of the optic disc. @entity726 was assessed by a consensus group of six ophthalmologists that included two @entity726 specialists. @entity726 was diagnosed as possible, probable, or definite. RESULTS: The overall incidence of definite @entity1538 was 0.5% (95% confidence limits [CL], 0.3, 0.7); probable and definite incidence of @entity1538 was 1.1% (95% CL, 0.8,1.4); and possible, probable, and definite @entity1538 incidence was 2.7% (95% CL, 1.8, 3.7). The incidence of possible, probable, and definite @entity1538 increases significantly as age increases (P < 0.001). The incidence of definite @entity1538 increases from 0% of @entity1 aged 40 to 49 years to 4.1% of @entity1 aged 80 years and older. The incidence of probable and definite @entity1538 increases from 0.2% of @entity1 aged 40 to 49 years to 5.4% of @entity1 aged 80 years and older. The incidence of possible, probable, and definite @entity1538 increases from 0.5% of @entity1 aged 40 to 49 years to 11% of @entity1 aged 80 years and older. A nonsignificant but higher incidence of definite @entity1538 among @entity1 was observed in this study when compared with @entity1 (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CL, 0.9, 5.9). Fifty percent of the definite @entity1538 @entity1 were undiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1538 increases significantly with age. The undiagnosed cases suggest the need to develop novel community screening strategies for @entity726 .

title: Five-year incidence of XXXX : the visual impairment project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Nutritional support is the key to the successful recovery of any @entity1 . @entity39 is described in @entity1 being fed with enteral nutrition after surgery. Five @entity1 with @entity39 after surgery will be discussed and an etiology proposed. A retrospective review of @entity1 data was performed. Data was collected on the type of surgical procedures performed, the enteral nutrition given to the @entity1 , basic laboratory data, the length of stay, and discharge status. A total of five @entity1 ' charts were reviewed. Three @entity1 had pancreaticoduodenectomy for a pancreatic mass and two required pyloric exclusion secondary to gunshot wounds. All five @entity1 were fed with a fiber-based enteral nutrition. All @entity1 subsequently had @entity39 requiring reoperation. Four of the five @entity1 had inspissated tube feeding within the necrotic small bowel. Two @entity1 died and three survived with prolonged hospital courses. We propose that the combination of duodenal surgery and fiber-based enteral nutrition contribute to the development of @entity39 postoperatively.

title: XXXX related to enteral nutrition after duodenal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel necrosis', 'Small bowel necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['Small bowel necrosis']


abstract: @entity2631 in @entity1 includes morphea mainly on the trunk and @entity2631 on the limbs, scalp, and face. Progressive @entity785 is very rare in @entity1 and change from localized to progressive disease is extremely rare. @entity854 occur with @entity2631 , including @entity1712 , positive antinuclear factor ( @entity8224 ), and increased immunoglobulin (Ig)G. The diseases are usually self limited, but involvement over bones may lead to marked functional impairment. Those on the face may be associated with underlying abnormalities and, occasionally, @entity410 . Treatment regimens are difficult to assess as there is no chemical marker, but @entity2361 has gained wide use. It has numerous side effects and @entity1 should be carefully monitored, particularly with regard to renal function. Other modalities have been used with variable success, but series of @entity1 are small. Many medications produce skin softening in @entity1 with progressive @entity785 . The pathogenesis of @entity272 involves complicated interactions between vascular responses, lymphokines, and connective tissue proliferation. The etiology is completely unknown, despite a few cases associated with increased Borrelia titers.

title: Localized cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Localized scleroderma', 'localized scleroderma', 'linear scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy profiles of R- @entity3726 and R-fCHOP regimes in the treatment of primary gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma (PG-DLBCL). METHODS: Data of PG-DLBCL @entity1 admitted in our hospital from March 2010 to March 2014 were collected retrospectively. Differences in @entity360 and perforation between the R- @entity3726 group and R-fCHOP group were compared. The influence of the @entity344 on subsequent treatment was also analyzed. Treatment outcome of the two groups was also compared. RESULTS: A total of 50 @entity1 were included in this retrospective study. Forty of them were in the R- @entity3726 group, another ten were in the R-fCHOP group. @entity1 in the R-fCHOP group had a higher rate of Lugano late stage disease, and a relatively high rate of a deeper/larger ulcer. Fence occult blood test (FOBT) was positive in one (10.0%) @entity1 in the R-fCHOP group, and 11 (31.4%) @entity1 in the R- @entity3726 group, among them one had @entity6552 and had to give up the subsequent chemotherapy. No perforation was observed in both groups. The response rate (RR) was 92.5% in the R- @entity3726 group and 90.0% in the R-fCHOP group (P > 0.05). The PFS was also comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: R-fCHOP regimen has a good safety profile in @entity1 with Lugano late stage and deep/large @entity1066 , who are of high risk of @entity360 or perforation, and also has a comparable efficacy profile when compared with the R- @entity3726 regimen in short-term follow-up.

title: [Efficacy and safety of rituximab combined with XXXX or combined with dose fractionated @entity3726 in the treatment of primary gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complication']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity3726 :: (1649,Gene) :: ['CHOP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alcoholism is a worldwide problem. Many strategies for @entity167 detoxification and relapse prevention exist, but each @entity167 treatment center has its own program. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the financial cost and effectiveness of @entity167 treatment programs from inpatient stay to follow-up 1 year later. This was a prospective, open, nonrandomized study of 4 specialized @entity167 treatment centers and 267 @entity1 admitted for @entity167 detoxification. METHODS: We recorded all medical and nonmedical interventions related to the program during @entity1 stay in the hospital and every 3 months after discharge for 1 year and recorded the occurrence of @entity167 relapse. Financial evaluation was based on the prices of refund from the French national health insurance service. RESULTS: The mean cost of hospitalization ranged from 1326 @entity7634 to 1917 @entity7634 (p = 0.001), a variation mainly due to the difference in the length of hospital stay but also to the cost of the inpatient program, routine medical checkups, and drugs administered. The mean cost of 1 year of follow-up per @entity1 ranged from 419 @entity7634 to 1704 @entity7634 (p = 0.001). The efficiency, corresponding to the money spent to prevent the relapse of one @entity1 during 1 month, was approximately 500 @entity7634 /month in three centers and 658 @entity7634 in the fourth. However, for a similar efficiency, the effectiveness, assessed by the mean time without relapse, was significantly (p = 0.001) different; center 1, which had the highest total cost, had an effectiveness 1.56 times higher than center 3, which had the lowest cost. CONCLUSIONS: This work emphasizes the heterogeneity of the costs and effectiveness of @entity988 treatment programs and suggests that research should be conducted to determine which program is the most rational, cost-efficient, and beneficial for @entity1 and the public health office economy.

title: Financial costs of XXXX treatment programs: a longitudinal and comparative evaluation among four specialized centers.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: We report 4 cases of @entity2414 that clinically resembled @entity195 . The @entity1 were 3 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , aged 56 to 79 years. The greatest disturbance was in recent memory. The @entity1 ' remote memory and orientation were relatively intact. @entity1032 and a decline in daily activities were also observed. No overt @entity410 were observed in any of the @entity1 . Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed spikes in the left temporal region in 3 @entity1 and in the left central region in the other @entity1 . Single photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography revealed focal areas of @entity1887 in the frontal, parietal, and parietotemporal regions. Performance of activities and memory improved rapidly in all @entity1 after treatment with @entity2049 ; the improvement was maintained after more than a year. It might be speculated that @entity302 discharges caused dysfunction in the temporal lobe and the remote cortex through the neocortical and mesiotemporal network. EEG would be useful to rule out the possibility of a reversible condition in @entity1 with @entity73 . Moreover, investigation of this @entity302 with the combination of EEG and neurofunctional imaging might provide clues to clarify the pathophysiology of @entity195 .

title: A case series of XXXX -derived @entity2414 resembling @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental dullness']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy-related condition', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy-derived progressive memory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']