abstract: Previous immunocytochemical investigations performed in our laboratory on the @entity1 hippocampus surgically resected for the treatment of @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) have demonstrated an increased expression of the @entity140 -receptor subunit @entity7335 on neurons in the hilus and area @entity1400 . Light microscopically, many of these neurons exhibited peculiar filamentous extensions and grape-like excrescences that protruded from their somata and proximal dendrites, suggesting that these neurons may be mossy cells and @entity1400 pyramidal neurons, respectively. The present electron microscopic study was carried out to further characterize these cells. The filamentous extensions were identified as dendrites from which spines often protruded, and the grape-like excrescences represented clusters of closely associated dendrites and spines. A variety of synapses were formed by the @entity7335 -positive profiles. These arrangements ranged from simple contacts between a single unlabelled axon terminal and a single labelled postsynaptic element, to complex contacts involving multiple unlabelled axon terminals and labelled postsynaptic elements. Many of the axon terminals involved in these arrangements were mossy fibre boutons. Thus, a large proportion of the @entity7335 -positive neurons were identified as hilar mossy cells and @entity1400 pyramidal neurons, cells hitherto thought to be absent or greatly reduced in the @entity1315 hippocampus. Taken together, these data suggest the presence of a highly efficient excitatory circuit involving @entity140 receptors, mossy cells and @entity1400 pyramidal neurons in the @entity3808 hippocampus. Such a circuit could be critically involved in the genesis and maintenance of @entity1315 .

title: Novel expression of @entity140 -receptor subunit @entity7335 on mossy cells and @entity1400 pyramidal neurons in the XXXX epileptogenic hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy', 'MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) features of @entity11677 ( @entity11677 ) in adults. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity11677 underwent MR imaging to obtain T1- and T2-weighted images and T2-weighted fat saturation images. In addition, contrast enhanced images were obtained in five @entity1 . RESULTS: The signal intensity of @entity11677 was of that of a simple cyst in seven (44%) @entity1 , yielding high signal intensity on T2- and low signal intensity on T1-weighted images. In nine (56%), the signal intensity was either intermediate or high on T1-weighted images, the T2 signal intensity in these cases being high (7), intermediate (1) or low (1). Enhancement of the wall of the cyst was present in three of five (60%) @entity1 . All 16 @entity11677 were located at or just to one side of the midline and 12 were embedded in the strap muscles. All @entity11677 were infrahyoid in location but 11 also extended superiorly to be directly related to the hyoid. At the hyoid the cystic component was immediately posterior (6) anterior (3) or anterior and posterior (2) to the bone. Intralaryngeal extension was present in eight (50%) @entity1 . A suprahyoid tract was identified in three @entity1 . The thyroid gland was in a normal location in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity11677 are most commonly of high T1 signal intensity consistent with high protein content. The tract leading to the base of the tongue is infrequently seen, the diagnosis being determined by the intimate relationship to the hyoid and strap muscles. Intralaryngeal extension in adult @entity1 with @entity11677 is more frequent than reported previously.

title: MR imaging of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11677 :: ('MESH:D013955', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroglossal duct cysts', 'TDC', 'thyroglossal duct cysts']

answer: @entity11677 :: (MESH:D013955,Disease) :: ['thyroglossal duct cysts']


abstract: A 74 year old female with @entity2 had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS) and survived for 9 months after subsequent chemotherapy. She had been suffering from severe @entity662 since 2 years before that time, and deteriorated intractably. At the same time, @entity2 was suggested radiologically, and revealed as @entity151 by bronchial biopsy. Coronary angiogram study was done to verify the @entity453 and severe @entity455 was shown. CABGS was done to relieve her condition to start chemotherapy. Post-operative course was fine and CODE therapy [ @entity900 , @entity1891 ( @entity1891 ), @entity632 ( @entity632 ), @entity2879 ] was done subsequently to CABGS. @entity5 focus and swollen lymph node were vanished in radiographic examination. She had discharged and spent at home for a while. However, multiple metastatic lesions emerged later, and deceased finally 9 mouths after CABGS. We conclude, CABGS done for her was a reasonable therapy to relief her condition and was successful to carry out chemotherapy.

title: [A case report of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and subsequent chemotherapy for the patient with unstable angina and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['triple artery disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['oncovin', 'vincristine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: A single dose of @entity8710 ( @entity1300 or @entity1300 ; 5 microg/kg, ip) inhibits @entity53 (E2)-induced uterine epithelial mitogenesis, apparently through disruption of stromal-epithelial interactions. To understand if @entity1300 alters early uterine (Ut) responses to E2, young adult C57BL/6J @entity19 were ovariectomized and given (i.p.) either oil or 5 microg/kg @entity1300 . After 24 h, @entity1300 -treated @entity19 received E2, and oil-treated @entity19 were given E2 or oil. Body and Ut weights were collected 6 and 18 h later. Ut were flash-frozen at 6 h. E2 increased Ut weight (p < 0.0001) and Ut/body weight ratio (p < 0.0001), compared to @entity19 given oil alone. Ut @entity4698 expression was assessed by an RNase protection assay. E2 increased mRNA expression for @entity31319 (p < 0.05), in addition to D1, D2, and D3 (p < 0.001), while @entity49816 was unchanged from oil controls and cyclins @entity46860 were undetectable. In contrast, @entity1300 completely abolished E2-induced @entity5206 , which has been associated with S phase initiation, and reduced @entity30611 (p < 0.05). Interestingly, @entity1300 did not alter E2-induced Ut weight increases at 6 h, but inhibited E2-induced Ut weight gain at 18 h. A 10-microg/kg @entity1300 dose was necessary for attenuation of the early E2-induced Ut weight increases (p < 0.01). Since @entity641 regulates cyclins, Ut @entity641 was also assessed in @entity1300 + E2-treated and control @entity19 . @entity641 mRNA levels were increased after @entity1300 compared to E2 alone (p < 0.01), suggesting a possible mechanism for @entity1300 inhibition of Ut @entity5206 . Thus, @entity1300 alters specific E2-regulated Ut G(1) phase activities and may inhibit E2-induced Ut epithelial mitogenesis by disrupting specific cell signaling mechanisms necessary for S phase initiation in vivo.

title: @entity8710 inhibition of estrogen-induced @entity19 uterine epithelial mitogenesis involves changes in XXXX and transforming growth factor-beta expression.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1300 :: ('MESH:D013749', 'Chemical') :: ['TCDD', '2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

answer: @entity4698 :: (18538(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['cyclin']


abstract: The aim of this study was to conduct a descriptive study of haemoglobin concentration found on high-prolificacy sows, to study the relationship between the concentration of haemoglobin and body reserves, and to determine whether @entity417 is a risk factor for reproductive performance. A cohort of 308 sows from seven farms was followed from the last third of gestation to the confirmation of the following gestation. Haemoglobin concentration was assessed at four stages of the reproductive cycle: seven and four weeks before farrowing, a few days and three weeks after farrowing. @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was measured at parturition. The results were analysed using linear mixed-effect models. The mean haemoglobin concentration was 108.4 g/l. The mean modellised haemoglobin concentration of parity 1 sows with a @entity121 of 16 mm, sampled seven weeks before farrowing, was 118 g/l. Haemoglobin concentration of sows of parity 6 or higher was 8.0 g/l lower than those of parity 1 sows (95% confidence interval -11.0 to -5.1). Haemoglobin concentration is lower in sows with a lower @entity121 , whatever parity rank. There is no evidence of a relation between haemoglobin concentration and the number of total born, stillborn or number of piglets alive at three weeks and the next breeding performance.

title: XXXX in the sow: a cohort study to assess factors with an impact on haemoglobin concentration, and the influence of haemoglobin concentration on the reproductive performance.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['BFT', 'Backfat thickness']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a continuous @entity1341 infusion into the retropleural space as an adjunct for @entity282 management in pediatric thoracotomy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 13 pediatric @entity1 undergoing thoracotomy over a 3-year period (April 1995 through July 1997). In seven @entity1 , insertion of a retropleural catheter was accomplished before closure of the thoracotomy by placing an epidural catheter posterior to the parietal pleura. This potential space was entered two intercostal levels below the incision and advanced superiorly four intercostal spaces. @entity1341 (0.125% or 0.25%) was infused at 0.5 mL/kg/h. Postoperative intravenous narcotic requirement was compared between the study population (n = 7) and the control population (n = 6). Statistical analysis was conducted using the "separate" Student's t test. RESULTS: Thirteen pediatric @entity1 (age range, 7 to 18 years) were evaluated for total @entity1286 use after thoracotomy. Seven @entity1 had anterior spinal release and fusion, whereas five had mediastinal operations, and one @entity1 had a lobectomy. The two groups were comparable in age, weight, and type of operation. Infusion through the retropleural catheter continued for an average of 3.8 days (range, 3 to 6 days). The total mean postoperative @entity1286 requirement was 2.32 mg/kg (0.544 mg/kg/day) in the control population and 0.88 mg/kg (0.204 mg/kg/day) for the @entity1 with a retropleural catheter (P<.001). CONCLUSION: A continuous infusion of @entity1341 through a unique retropleural technique decreases the postoperative need for @entity1286 in postoperative pediatric thoracotomy @entity1 .

title: Use of continuous retropleural XXXX in @entity282 management for pediatric thoracotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: @entity450 ( @entity450 ) is an emerging neurovascular device based on self-expandable braided stent for treating @entity438 . Variability in @entity450 outcome has underscored a need for investigating the hemodynamic effect of fully deployed @entity450 in @entity1 -specific @entity439 . Image-based computational fluid dynamics, which can provide important hemodynamic insight, requires accurate representation of @entity450 in deployed states. We developed a finite element analysis (FEA) based workflow for simulating mechanical deployment of @entity450 in @entity1 -specific @entity439 . We constructed @entity450 models of interlaced wires emulating the Pipeline Embolization Device, using 3D finite beam elements to account for interactions between stent strands, and between the stent and other components. The FEA analysis encompasses all steps that affect the final deployed configuration including stent crimping, delivery and expansion. Besides the stent, modeling also includes key components of the @entity450 delivery system such as microcatheter, pusher, and distal coil. Coordinated maneuver of these components allowed the workflow to mimic clinical operation of @entity450 deployment and to explore clinical strategies. The workflow was applied to two @entity1 -specific @entity439 . Parametric study indicated consistency of the deployment result against different friction conditions, but excessive intra-stent friction should be avoided. This study demonstrates for the first time mechanical modeling of braided @entity450 stent deployment in cerebral vasculature to produce realistic deployed configuration, thus paving the way for accurate CFD analysis of flow diverters for reliable prediction and optimization of treatment outcome.

title: Computer modeling of deployment and mechanical expansion of neurovascular flow diverter in XXXX -specific @entity438 .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Flow diverter', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: RATIONALE: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is associated with adverse effects on the diaphragm, but the cellular basis for this phenomenon, referred to as @entity409 ( @entity409 ), is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether mitochondrial function and cellular energy status are disrupted in @entity1 diaphragms after MV, and the role of mitochondria-derived oxidative stress in the development of @entity409 . METHODS: Diaphragm and biceps specimens obtained from brain-dead organ donors who underwent MV (15-176 h) and age-matched control subjects were compared regarding mitochondrial enzymatic function, mitochondrial DNA integrity, lipid content, and metabolic gene and protein expression. In addition, diaphragmatic force and oxidative stress after exposure to MV for 6 hours were evaluated in @entity19 under different conditions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In @entity1 MV diaphragms, mitochondrial biogenesis and content were down-regulated, with a more specific defect of respiratory chain cytochrome-c oxidase. Laser capture microdissection of cytochrome-c oxidase-deficient fibers revealed mitochondrial DNA deletions, consistent with damage from oxidative stress. Diaphragmatic lipid accumulation and responses of master cellular metabolic sensors ( @entity860 -activated protein kinase and sirtuins) were consistent with energy substrate excess as a possible stimulus for these changes. In @entity19 , induction of @entity407 worsened diaphragmatic oxidative stress during MV, whereas transgenic overexpression of a mitochondria-localized antioxidant ( @entity19522 ) was protective against @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity2383 lies at the nexus between oxidative stress and the impaired diaphragmatic contractility that develops during MV. Energy substrate oversupply relative to demand, resulting from diaphragmatic inactivity during MV, could play an important role in this process.

title: @entity2383 and lipid accumulation in the XXXX diaphragm during mechanical ventilation.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction', 'VIDD']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The analysis of the dynamic properties of @entity302 in vitro has led to a better understanding of the time course of neural synchronization and @entity410 states. Nonlinear analysis is thus potentially useful for the prediction of @entity410 onset. We have used nonlinear analysis methods to investigate the development of activity in the low @entity460 model of @entity302 in @entity75 . This model is particularly interesting since neurons synchronize in the absence of synaptic transmission. The dynamic properties calculated from extracellular recordings of activity were used to analyze the transition to synchronous firing and their relation to @entity528 . The global embedding dimension, local dimension and the Lyapunov exponent were calculated from time segments corresponding to the onset, transition and fully developed stages of activity. The analysis was repeated for recordings made in the presence of various levels of DC electric fields to modulate @entity528 . The global and local dimensions did not change once activity was first initiated, even in the presence of the electric field. The maximum Lyapunov exponents increased during the onset of activity but decreased when the applied hyperpolarizing electric field was large enough to partially suppress the activity. These findings establish a relationship between @entity528 and the maximum Lyapunov exponent, and suggest that the Lyapunov exponent may be used to distinguish between various states of the neural network and might be important in @entity410 prediction and control.

title: Nonlinear dynamic properties of low @entity460 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain slices']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal excitability']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptiform activity']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the clinical presentations and visual outcomes of @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted involving 18 consecutive @entity1 (20 eyes) with @entity1781 attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2005 until December 2009. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were Malay (94.4%), and followed by Chinese (5.6 %). The female-to-male ratio was 3.5:1. The age of @entity1 ranged from 36 to 85 years (mean, 57.1 years). The main risk factors in @entity262 were @entity101 (55.5%), @entity6 (44.4%), and @entity299 (11.1%). Most @entity1 (77.8%) presented with acute @entity1018 while gradual onset was in 22.3% of cases. Majority had visual acuity worse than 1/60 (80%). The most common fundoscopic findings were @entity548 (90%), sectorial swollen optic disc (60%) and hyperemic disc (60%). During follow up, 20% of the @entity1 showed stabilization in visual acuity, and 80% showed @entity227 . CONCLUSION: Majority of @entity1 with @entity1781 presented with @entity227 involving middle-aged and elderly individuals. @entity101 and @entity6 were among the main risk factors involved. @entity1781 can lead to permanent @entity227 despite treatment.

title: Non-arteritic anterior XXXX in Malaysia: a 5 years review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'acute poor vision', 'worsening of vision']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['peripapillary splinter haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy', 'NAION']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['ischaemic optic neuropathy']


abstract: The effects of @entity15043 ( @entity15044 ) on the levels of soluble proteins and enzyme activities in various tissues of @entity5872 were investigated. @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis showed that the soluble proteins with molecular masses corresponding to 160.4 and 52.5 kDa were either missing or present at lower concentrations in the brain of the @entity15044 treated group compared to those in the control group. The soluble liver proteins with molecular masses 200, 120 and 70.5 kDa were missing in the treated group compared to those in the control while those of a molecular mass 15.1 kDa were found to be present at higher concentrations. Similarly, treatment with @entity15044 decreased the concentration of soluble proteins in pectoral muscle with molecular masses 92.3, 54.5, 43.5, 41.2, 34.5, 27.5, 20.1 and 17.5 kDa and increased those with molecular masses 96.5, 37.7, 25.0, 19.3, 16.6, 13.8 and 10.8 kDa. In the heart, soluble proteins with molecular mass 84.6 kDa were increased. There was a marked reduction in the treatment group in the concentration of @entity2125 in pectoral muscle but not in other tissues. A similar observation was also made with total RNA levels. The specific activity of malic enzyme was markedly increased by @entity15044 treatment in the kidney and pectoral muscle but reduced in the liver. @entity16749 dehydrogenase and @entity880 dehydrogenase activities were markedly reduced in the liver. @entity16335 dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased in liver and pectoral muscle. NAD glycohydrolase activity was markedly decrease in pectoral muscle. Acetylcholinesterase activity was markedly reduced in liver but was enhanced in pectoral muscle. The results suggest that the metabolic actions of @entity15044 are specific for certain proteins in the liver and muscle with the effect being most pronounced in muscle. The effects are also quite distinct from those by its analogue @entity8250 .

title: Effects of @entity15043 on levels of soluble proteins and enzyme activities in various tissues of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15043 :: ('MESH:D015120', 'Chemical') :: ['6-aminonicotinamide']

entities_list: @entity16749 :: ('MESH:C008884', 'Chemical') :: ['6-Phosphogluconate']

entities_list: @entity8250 :: ('MESH:C010835', 'Chemical') :: ['3-acetylpyridine']

entities_list: @entity16335 :: ('MESH:D005986', 'Chemical') :: ['Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: Transcription factors of the basic @entity368 zipper (bZIP) family control development and stress responses in eukaryotes. To date, only one bZIP has been described in any oomycete; oomycetes are members of the stramenopile kingdom. In this study, we describe the identification of 38 bZIPs from the @entity15908 genome. Half contain novel substitutions in the DNA-binding domain at a site that in other eukaryotes is reported to always be Asn. Interspecific comparisons indicated that the novel substitutions (usually @entity2569 , but also @entity2596 and Tyr) arose after oomycetes diverged from other stramenopiles. About two-thirds of @entity15908 bZIPs show dynamic changes in mRNA levels during the life cycle, with many of the genes being upregulated in sporangia, zoospores, or germinated zoospore cysts. One bZIP with the novel @entity2569 substitution was shown to reside in the nucleus throughout growth and development. Using stable gene silencing, the functions of eight bZIPs with the @entity2569 substitution were tested. All but one were found to play roles in protecting @entity15908 from @entity273 -induced injury, and it is proposed that the novel @entity2569 substitution serves as a redox sensor. A ninth bZIP lacking the novel @entity2734 -to- @entity2569 substitution, but having @entity2569 nearby, was also shown through silencing to contribute to defense against @entity2625 . Little effect on asexual development, plant pathogenesis, or resistance to osmotic stress was observed in transformants silenced for any of the nine bZIPs.

title: bZIP transcription factors in the oomycete XXXX with novel DNA-binding domains are involved in defense against oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity15908 :: ('4787', 'Species') :: ['P. infestans', 'Phytophthora infestans']

answer: @entity15908 :: (4787,Species) :: ['phytophthora infestans']


abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) is not only effective at @entity1 ' survival rates, but also produces undesirable late complications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the post-treatment late complications in @entity189 ( @entity189 ) @entity1 , and to analyze the individual impact factors. We enrolled 188 newly diagnosed @entity189 @entity1 who had received complete treatments and at least 3  years' follow-up between March 1984 and March 2010. Late complications were modified from the @entity137 Criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 . Of 188 @entity1 , 132 were male and 56 were female. Eighty-eight @entity1 received CCRT and the other 100 @entity1 received RT alone. The median follow-up duration was 7.34  years (range 3.30-26.54). Only 5.3% of @entity1 reported no complication during post-treatment follow-up. The most common major and @entity532 were @entity7190 (10.1%) and @entity2133 (56.4%), respectively. There was no impact factor for age, underlying disease, and @entity5 staging. However, there was a negative impact factor for @entity2133 and limb numbness in the CCRT group compared with the RT group. Besides, re-radiation for recurrent @entity1 could increase the risk of major complications. Fortunately, these major complications were reduced after the introduction of intensity-modulated radiotherapy in 2003. The improvement of treatment modality decreased the risk of major complications. Physicians should pay more attentions and improve @entity1 ' quality of life during follow-up.

title: Post-treatment late complications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['minor complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Detection of @entity3 in lymph nodes (LNs) is critical for @entity5 management. Conventional histological methods may miss metastatic foci. To date, no practical means of evaluating the entire LN volume exists. The aim of this study was to develop fast, reliable, operator-independent, high-frequency, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods for evaluating LNs over their entire volume to effectively detect LN @entity3 . METHODS: We scanned freshly excised LNs at 26 MHz and digitally acquired echo-signal data over the entire three-dimensional (3D) volume. A total of 146 LNs of colorectal, 26 LNs of gastric, and 118 LNs of @entity0 @entity1 were enrolled. We step-sectioned LNs at 50- m intervals and later compared them with 13 QUS estimates associated with tissue microstructure. Linear-discriminant analysis classified LNs as metastatic or nonmetastatic, and we computed areas (Az) under receiver-operator characteristic curves to assess classification performance. The QUS estimates and @entity5 probability values derived from discriminant analysis were depicted in 3D images for comparison with 3D histology. RESULTS: Of 146 LNs of @entity14 @entity1 , 23 were metastatic; Az = 0.952    0.021 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.911-0.993); sensitivity = 91.3% (specificity = 87.0%); and sensitivity = 100% (specificity = 67.5%). Of 26 LNs of @entity356 @entity1 , five were metastatic; Az = 0.962    0.039 (95% CI: 0.807-1.000); sensitivity = 100% (specificity = 95.3%). A total of 17 of 118 LNs of @entity0 @entity1 were metastatic; Az = 0.833    0.047 (95% CI: 0.741-0.926); sensitivity = 88.2% (specificity = 62.5%); sensitivity = 100% (specificity = 50.5%). 3D @entity5 probability images showed good correlation with 3D histology. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that operator- and system-independent QUS methods allow reliable entire-volume LN evaluation for detecting @entity3 . 3D @entity5 probability images can help pathologists identify metastatic foci that could be missed using conventional methods.

title: Three-dimensional quantitative ultrasound for detecting lymph node XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: CONTEXT: Recent evidence indicates that thyroid hormones may be closely linked to cognition among adults. OBJECTIVE: We investigated associations between thyroid hormones and cognitive performance, while testing effect modification by sex, race, and @entity308 ( @entity308 ). DESIGN: This cross-sectional study used extensive data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. SETTING: The study was conducted in Baltimore, Maryland, from 2004 to 2009. @entity1 : @entity1 were U.S. adults aged 30 to 64 years. The sample size ranged from 1275 to 1346. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes included 13 cognitive test scores spanning domains of learning/memory, language/verbal, attention, visuo-spatial/visuo-construction, psychomotor speed, executive function, and mental status. RESULTS: Within reference ranges and after Bonferroni correction, elevated free @entity1955 (fT4) was associated with better performance on tests of visuo-spatial/visuo-construction ability (overall, @entity1 , and African Americans) and learning/memory ( @entity1 and African Americans), whereas a higher total @entity1955 (tT4) level was associated with better performance in the domain of psychomotor speed (individuals without @entity308 ) and higher levels of both fT4 and tT4 were linked to better language/verbal test performance among @entity1 . In contrast, higher T3(% uptake) was related to better performance on tests of visuo-spatial/visuo-construction ability and psychomotor speed among whites. When the above reference range was compared within the overall population and after Bonferroni correction, a within reference range fT4 was linked to better performance on visuo-spatial/visuo-constrution ability and psychomotor speed, whereas a below normal range TSH level (compared with the reference range) was linked to better performance in domains of psychomotor speed and attention. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid hormones and cognition are closely linked differentially by sex, race, and @entity308 status.

title: Thyroid hormones are associated with cognitive function: moderation by sex, race, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['EDS', 'elevated depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The appearance of the damaged spinal cord after injury correlates with @entity51 , as determined by the American @entity3510 Association grade and manual muscle test score, as well as with recovery, as assessed by manual muscle test scores. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of @entity548 and the size and location of spinal cord @entity4 on MR images is predictive of functional recovery in survivors of cervical @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). METHODS: The degree of damage to the cervical spinal cord was measured on the MR images of 49 @entity1 who underwent imaging within 72 hours of sustaining @entity1566 . The effects of @entity548 and length/location of @entity4 on changes in the value of the motor scale of the @entity177 ( @entity177 ) were assessed on admission to and discharge from rehabilitation. RESULTS: @entity1 without @entity548 had significant improvement in self-care and mobility scores compared with @entity1 with @entity548 . There was no significant effect of @entity548 on changes in locomotion and sphincter control scores. The rostral limit of @entity4 positively correlated with admission and discharge self-care scores and with admission mobility and locomotion scores. @entity4 had a negative correlation with all @entity177 scales at admission and discharge. CONCLUSION: The imaging characteristics of cervical @entity1566 ( @entity548 and @entity4 ) are related to levels of physical recovery as determined by the @entity177 scale. Imaging factors that correlate with poor functional recovery are @entity548 , long segments of @entity4 , and high cervical locations.

title: The relationship between the functional abilities of XXXX with cervical @entity1566 and the severity of damage revealed by MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'spinal cord hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema length']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional independence measure', 'FIM']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['initial neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate microstructural @entity614 in @entity1 affected by chronic @entity2371 associated with @entity46 . METHODS: We enrolled 30 @entity1 with an ultrasound diagnosis of @entity1118 ; 10 age-matched healthy @entity1 comprised the control group. All subjects underwent 3  T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); the sacral roots were reconstructed by post-processing the DTI data with dedicated software. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the S1, S2 and S3 roots were quantified. Analysis of FA values was performed by two radiologists in order to evaluate the interobserver agreement. RESULTS: The sacral nerve roots in healthy subjects were clearly visualised. Most of the @entity1 with @entity46 , S2 and S3 bilaterally at tractography, including an irregular and disorganised appearance. FA values in the S1, S2 and S3 roots were significantly lower in @entity1 than in controls (P   <   0.0001, <0.05 and <0.02, respectively) for both observers. No significant difference was found between observers. CONCLUSION: DTI with tractography is a non-invasive means of detecting changes in the microarchitecture of the sacral nerve roots. It can qualitatively and quantitatively reveal @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity46 -associated @entity158 . KEY POINTS:     MRI is increasingly used for @entity1118 (CPP).     Magnetic resonance tractography can demonstrate microarchitectural @entity614 .     Tractography shows altered microstructure of sacral roots affected by @entity46 and CPP.     S1-S3 fractional anisotropy values are lower in @entity46 than in healthy @entity1 .     Sacral nerve root alteration may explain the nature of @entity46 -related CPP.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography to evaluate sacral nerve XXXX in @entity158 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['sacral root abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis displayed abnormalities of S1', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in sacral nerve roots']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain', 'endometriosis and moderate-severe chronic pelvic pain']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['root abnormalities']


abstract: A 69-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of @entity1282 . The diagnosis was @entity5 with @entity418 from upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination. Pathological examinations of the @entity5 revealed moderately-differentiated @entity957 . Computed tomography(CT)of the neck and abdomen showed metastases of the right neck and cardiac lymph nodes. Clinical stagings of the @entity5 were Stage III (T1, N1, M0)in @entity189 and Stage III (T3, N1, M0)in @entity418 , respectively. He received radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy using @entity1205 ( @entity4420 ), @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )and @entity1814 (CDGP). After this combination chemoradiation therapy(CRT), the adverse event was grade 2 in @entity1210 and grade 2 in @entity344 . Repeated macroscopic and histological examinations after CRT revealed disappearance of the hypopharyngeal and advanced @entity418 with @entity1600 , leading to a complete response(CR). He had maintained CR for the 20 months since undergoing CRT. This combination chemotherapy of @entity4420 , @entity1487 and CDGP with radiation may well be effective and tolerable for @entity1 with @entity5 of @entity418 .

title: [A case of double advanced @entity5 with esophageal and @entity189 responding completely to combination chemotherapy of @entity1205 / XXXX and @entity1814 with radiation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['double cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal and esophageal carcinoma', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 150,000 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in the United States in 2005. Most presented with inoperable advanced-stage disease. Although combination chemotherapy remains the standard treatment, median survival with these regimens is only 8 to 10 months. Recent advances in our understanding of @entity2 on a molecular level have led to the introduction of targeted therapies. METHODS: We reviewed the mechanism of action of @entity4562 and @entity3866 as well as the results of phase I, II, and III trials with these drugs. RESULTS: No survival advantage was seen with the addition of @entity4562 or @entity3866 to combination chemotherapy in first-line treatment of advanced @entity1149 . @entity3866 has shown a survival advantage over placebo in @entity1 with @entity1149 after first- or second-line chemotherapy. Recently, mutations in the @entity470 - @entity669 kinase domain have been identified. @entity1 who express these mutations have shown a higher probability of response to @entity4562 . CONCLUSIONS: Combination chemotherapy remains the first-line treatment of advanced @entity1149 . The benefit of alternating drug schedules and combinations has been small. Targeted therapies such as @entity4562 and @entity3866 , although to date have shown no survival advantage when combined with chemotherapy in the first-line setting, remain promising. Ongoing studies of @entity1 characteristics of responding @entity1 and molecular studies of @entity5 may help to identify @entity1 most likely to respond to these therapies.

title: XXXX -targeted agents for @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: @entity5647 is a @entity1014 analogue useful in the treatment of @entity791 . It has been demonstrated that this compound can possess a significant antineoplastic activity when combined with de novo thymidylate synthesis inhibitors, such as @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). Here we report a review of our data concerning the efficacy and tolerance of the combination @entity5647 + @entity1500 in @entity645 -related @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Twenty-nine @entity1 were treated, at weekly intervals, with three ( @entity1 1 to 10) or six ( @entity1 11 to 29) consecutive courses of @entity1500 1g/m2 and increasing doses of oral @entity5647 (2, 4 and 6g/m2) with leucovorin rescue. Of 26 evaluable @entity1 , a total (complete + partial) response rate of 77% was obtained. The median complete response duration was 16.8 months. There was one therapy-related @entity204 due to @entity326 . Grade III-IV @entity1398 was observed after 19% of the courses, but was prevented by @entity1261 administration in 82/119 courses. @entity417 was observed after 9% of the courses. In conclusion, the combination @entity5647 + @entity1500 was effective and well tolerated in our series of @entity645 -related @entity1893 @entity1 .

title: @entity5647 plus @entity1499 in @entity645 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Grade III-IV anemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Postmortem studies indicate that the number and density of glial cells are reduced in different brain regions of @entity1 with @entity308 . @entity6352 ( @entity6352 ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and might be a biomarker for damage to nerve cells. In this study, we compared the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and @entity905 , a @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, on @entity308 @entity1 , focusing on the serum level of @entity6352 . DESIGN: This was a prospective, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Seventy-five @entity1 with @entity308 from the Department of Acupuncture, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, were recruited. INTERVENTION: Twenty @entity1 were treated with acupuncture for 6 weeks on the acupoints of Baihui (DU20) and Zusanli (ST36). Sixteen @entity1 were treated with acupuncture for 6 weeks on the acupoints of Taichong ( @entity8950 ), Sanyinjiao ( @entity8949 ), Neiguan ( @entity11399 ), and Shenmen (HT7), and constituted the electroacupuncture control group. The @entity1 received acupuncture treatment five times per week. Twenty-five @entity1 were treated with oral @entity905 (20   mg/day) for 6 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: All subjects were evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at four time points (0 [baseline], 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment). Serum @entity6352 was quantified in duplicate by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: EA and @entity905 had similar curative effects on @entity308 @entity1 . EA had a faster onset of action, better response rate, and better improvement rate than @entity905 . Both @entity905 and EA treatment restored the normal concentration of @entity6352 in the serum of @entity308 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: EA treatment for @entity308 is as effective as a recommended dose of @entity905 . However, EA demonstrates an advantage in the regulation of the production of @entity6352 compared with @entity905 .

title: Effects of electroacupuncture on @entity308 and the production of @entity6352 compared with XXXX : a randomized controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor', 'GDNF']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression', 'DD']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper is to increase awareness of the prevalence and cost of @entity146 and @entity16 ( @entity75 ) in the UK. METHOD: UK data for 18 @entity75 were extracted from a systematic review of European epidemiological data and prevalence rates and the costs of @entity74 were summarized (2010 values). RESULTS: There were approximately 45 million cases of @entity75 in the UK, with a cost of    134 billion per annum. The most prevalent were @entity10 , @entity148 , @entity25 , @entity1316 and @entity2531 . However, the five most @entity74 (    million) were: @entity303 :    22,164; @entity914 :    16,717; @entity1316 :    19,238; addiction:    11,719; @entity148 :    11,687. Apart from @entity716 , these @entity74 ranked amongst those with the lowest direct medical expenditure per subject (<   3000). The approximate breakdown of costs was: 50% indirect costs, 25% direct non-medical and 25% direct healthcare costs. DISCUSSION: The prevalence and cost of UK @entity75 is likely to increase given the ageing population. Translational neurosciences research has the potential to develop more effective treatments but is underfunded. Addressing the clinical and economic challenges posed by @entity75 requires a coordinated effort at an EU and national level to transform the current scientific, healthcare and educational agenda.

title: The size, burden and XXXX of the brain in the UK.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['costly disorders', 'each disorder', 'five disorders']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['cost of disorders']


abstract: @entity6739 @entity5068 regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), called Sre1p, functions in an @entity26 -sensing pathway to allow adaptation to fluctuating @entity26 concentrations. The Sre1p-Scp1p complex responds to @entity26 -dependent @entity5068 synthesis as an indirect measure of @entity26 availability. To examine the role of Sre1p in anaerobic gene expression in @entity6739 , we performed transcriptional profiling experiments after a shift to anaerobic conditions for 1.5 h. Of the 4,940 genes analyzed, expression levels of 521 (10.5%) and 686 (13.9%) genes were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, under anaerobic conditions. Sre1p controlled 68% of genes induced > or = 2-fold. @entity26 -requiring biosynthetic pathways for @entity12364 , @entity1446 , @entity8483 , and @entity12931 were primary targets of Sre1p. Induction of glycolytic genes and repression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes largely did not require Sre1p. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that Sre1p acts directly at target gene promoters and stimulates its own transcription under anaerobic conditions. sre1+ promoter analysis identified two DNA elements that are both necessary and sufficient for @entity26 -dependent, Sre1p-dependent transcription. Interestingly, these elements are homologous to @entity5068 regulatory elements bound by @entity1 SREBP, highlighting the evolutionary conservation between Sre1p and SREBP. We conclude that Sre1p is a principal activator of anaerobic gene expression, upregulating genes required for nonrespiratory @entity26 consumption.

title: XXXX regulatory element binding protein is a principal regulator of anaerobic gene expression in @entity6739 .

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe', 'Fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8483 :: ('CHEBI:26739', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipid']

answer: @entity5068 :: (CHEBI:15889,Chemical) :: ['Sterol']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and aetiological factors of @entity2675 in eastern @entity233 . For this purpose we evaluated @entity0 @entity1 admitted to our regional hospital from 1990 to 2000. A total of 196 @entity1 were admitted during that time, 11 of whom were male (5%). The average age at presentation was 60.7 +/- 7.5. @entity513 was the most frequent histopathological @entity1137 was detected in only one of our cases. Right-sided @entity2675 was seen in 7 of 11 cases, left-sided in four cases. We detected gynaecomastia in two @entity1 . Other factors were excessive @entity167 consumption for 35 years in one @entity1 , family history in one @entity1 and exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and light at night in four @entity1 . We demonstrated no risk factor in the other three cases. Of the @entity1 in our study, the youngest was 45 years old--the @entity1 with post-pubertal gynaecomastia. The overall rate of @entity2675 seen among @entity1 who had worked for the Turkish Institution of Electricity in eastern @entity233 was 0.3%. In our study we demonstrated a close relation between exposure to EMFs and light at night and @entity2675 in eastern @entity233 . We also supposed that not only exposure to EMFs but also the duration of the exposure could affect the risk of development of @entity2675 .

title: Epidemiology and aetiological factors of XXXX : a ten years retrospective study in eastern @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['type; lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Infiltrating ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['male breast cancer']


abstract: From December 1990 to April 1992, 41 consecutive @entity1 (22 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 with an average age of 35 +/- 16 years -6-72) underwent ablation of accessory atrioventricular conduction pathways (Bundles of Kent) for poorly tolerated and/or medically resistant @entity4710 . In 33 cases, the @entity943 was a paroxysmal SVT, in 7 cases @entity955 , and in 1 @entity1 incessant @entity591 causing @entity1002 . The @entity3153 was apparent in 30 @entity1 and concealed in 11 cases. The location of the @entity5509 was left lateral in 22 cases (53.7%), posterior paraseptal in 9 cases (21.9%), right lateral in 5 cases (12.2%) and anterior paraseptal in 5 cases (12.2%). The Kent bundles were ablated by radiofrequency currents in 38 cases (92.7%); in 2 @entity1 (4.9%) in whom radiofrequency could not be used (increased impedance) high energy electrical shock was successful. In one @entity1 (2.4%), it was not possible to suppress the @entity5509 . A single session of radiofrequency ablation was sufficient in 33 cases: 7 cases (17.5%) required 2 (4) or 3 (3) sessions. The average number of sites of application per @entity1 was 8.8 +/- 8.8. The duration and intensity were respectively 32.2 +/- 9.3 (5-60) seconds and 25 +/- 15 (20-30) watts. With an average follow-up of @entity591 or of ventricular preexcitation have been observed in the 40 @entity1 . In addition, in 36 @entity1 , electrophysiological control studies confirmed the initial result with absence of any disturbance of nodohisian conduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Ablation of accessory pathways by radiofrequency current. Towards a simplified approach of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5509 :: ('MESH:D058606', 'Disease') :: ['Kent bundle']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'junctional tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a need to develop a self-report measure that reliably identifies moderate to severe @entity2336 ( @entity2336 ) @entity1 for inclusion into clinical trials to assess the efficacy of new @entity2336 treatments. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a @entity1 -reported symptom-based instrument, the Bladder @entity158 / @entity2335 Symptom Score (BPIC-SS), for clinical trial eligibility of @entity2336 @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Stage 1: Qualitative concept elicitation (CE) interviews were conducted with @entity2336 @entity1 in France (n=12), Germany (n=12), and the United States (US) (n=20), and @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) (n=10) @entity1 in the US for comparison. Stage 2: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) interviews were performed with US @entity2336 @entity1 (n=20). Stage 3: An observational study with 99 @entity2336 , 99 @entity2182 , and 100 healthy @entity1 in the US was used to perform item reduction, identify cut scores, and validate the measure. A cut score was defined using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves. Psychometric properties, including test-retest reliability, were assessed. MEASUREMENTS: In addition to the BPIC-SS, the Pelvic @entity158 and Urgency/Frequency @entity1 Symptom Scale, the @entity2335 Symptom Index, a Clinician Global Impression of Severity, and a @entity1 Global Impression of Change were included in the observational study. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: In CE, reported symptoms were @entity2336 , persistent urge to urinate, and high urinary frequency. In @entity73 , 13 items were deleted, and 15 were retained. Based on validation analyses, qualitative findings, and clinical relevance, the instrument was reduced to eight items that had strong sensitivity (0.72) and specificity (0.86) with a cut score >= 19 to determine clinical trial inclusion. Psychometric properties were strong. CONCLUSIONS: The BPIC-SS is a reliable, valid, and appropriate questionnaire to select @entity2336 / @entity2335 @entity1 for clinical trials.

title: The XXXX / @entity2335 symptom score: development, validation, and identification of a cut score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Cognitive debriefing']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['BPS', 'bladder pain syndrome', 'bladder pain']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial Cystitis', 'interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2336 :: (MESH:D018856,Disease) :: ['bladder pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity1713 in the development of @entity2747 . DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary care @entity726 referral center. METHODS: High-resolution, anterior segment ultrasound biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and B-scan ultrasonography were performed on 6 eyes of 6 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of postoperative @entity726 . RESULTS: Each eye had an elevated intraocular pressure, a shallow anterior chamber, 1 or more patent iridectomies, and no ophthalmoscopic or B-scan ultrasound evidence of serous or hemorrhagic @entity1713 . Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed @entity1713 in each eye. In 4 eyes, observation with topical medical treatment was associated with deepening of the anterior chamber, reduced intraocular pressure, and resolution of the detachment. Drainage of the supraciliary fluid was performed in 2 eyes. CONCLUSION: Occult, annular, serous detachment of the ciliary body may cause @entity2747 . This entity is clinically indistinguishable from @entity726 . Ultrasound biomicroscopy facilitates the diagnosis.

title: XXXX associated with occult @entity1713 .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['annular ciliary body detachment', 'ciliochoroidal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'malignant glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['Angle-closure glaucoma']


abstract: Twenty-eight consecutive extraperitoneal @entity130 for a period of 34 months ending in May 1990 were reviewed retrospectively. All @entity130 were due to penetrating @entity18329 . The rectal exam was positive in 75% of @entity1 versus 80.8% with proctosigmoidoscopy. All 28 @entity1 had diversion of the fecal stream. Diverting colostomies were performed in 17 @entity1 , @entity195 in 7 @entity1 , and proximal loop colostomies in 4 @entity1 . Presacral drainage was used in 25 @entity1 (89.3%). Distal irrigation was performed in 13 @entity1 (46.4%) and primary repair in 9 @entity1 (32.1%). There was one infectious complication (3.6%) and no deaths (0%). Fecal diversion and presacral drainage are the mainstay of therapy for civilian @entity130 . The importance of distal irrigation of the rectum has not been established. Primary repair of the rectum has no effect on morbidity and mortality.

title: Management of extraperitoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18329 :: ('MESH:D014948', 'Disease') :: ['gunshot wounds']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'rectal injuries']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Hartmann's colostomies"]

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['rectal injuries']


abstract: In a district with about 70,000 inhabitants (2/3 urban, 1/3 rural population) 89 @entity1 and 64 @entity1 , aged between 31-50, who suffer from varying @entity308 have been treated during the period 1981-1988. The study gives the number of cases specified according to the diagnoses as well as the percentage rates of relapse with reference to four age groups. A growing tendency up to the age group 41-45 years may be observed with the female proportion increasing. On the other hand, the age group 46-50 reports a declining tendency. The @entity1 have been questioned about particular aspects of their so-called midlife crisis. The @entity1 concerned were open to all questions related to this complex of problems. The study shows the evaluation frequency of some essential conflict situations. The biological, sociological, and psychological background becomes evident in the syndrome. The clarification and therapy of @entity308 in the middle years will not ignore the particularly problematic nature of their conflicts, but they contribute correspondingly to stabilizing the profile of mood. Specific medicamentous therapy may be helpful, but, due to the side effects, should be kept under continuous medical control.

title: [Characteristics of XXXX in middle age].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive psychoses']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity882 in @entity3619 is not well known. This study evaluated the relationship between @entity99 , serum thrombopoietin, @entity381 and @entity882 in @entity3619 . Two hundred and nine @entity1 were enrolled, 85 with @entity381 and 124 without. @entity882 was present in 71% and 23% of @entity1 with or without @entity381 respectively. In subjects with low platelet count, those with @entity381 showed significantly lower platelet numbers than those without @entity381 . The spleen size correlated with portal @entity101 . An inverse correlation between spleen size and platelet count was observed (r = -0.54; P < 0.0001). In @entity1 without @entity381 , @entity882 was associated with the grade of @entity82 ; platelet counts were the highest in @entity1 with @entity82 0-2, lower in those with grade 3 (P < 0.008) and lowest in those with grade 4 (P < 0.05). These findings were independent of demographic and biochemical characteristics, hepatic necroinflammatory activity, portal @entity101 and @entity381 . @entity1 with normal platelet counts showed higher @entity21929 levels than those with low platelet counts (P < 0.0001). An inverse correlation between thrombopoietin levels and @entity82 grade was observed (r = - 0.50; P < 0.0001). Median thrombopoietin levels were 58 and 27 pg/ml for @entity82 grade 0-1 and grade 4 respectively (P < 0.001). These data indicate that advanced hepatic @entity82 , causing an altered production of thrombopoietin and portal @entity101 , plays the central role in the pathogenesis of @entity882 in @entity3619 .

title: Hepatic fibrosis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of @entity882 in XXXX with @entity3619 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity21929 :: ('MESH:D013926', 'Chemical') :: ['thrombopoietin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis', 'chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The activity of the renin-angiotensin system influences blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular structure in @entity1 . Therefore, we questioned whether left-ventricular (LV) structure and function are influenced by the @entity26201 variant of the @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) gene in young normotensive or mildly @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: A homogenous cohort of young, male, white subjects (n = 214) with normal or mildly elevated BP never treated in the past, or on current cardiovascular medication, were recruited. All subjects were genotyped by single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing for the @entity26201 polymorphism of the @entity2178 gene. Ambulatory BP was assessed over 24 h by an automatic portable device. Left-ventricular structure and function were determined by two-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography. RESULTS: The frequency of subjects homozygous for the -20 A allele was 73.4%, and the frequency for those with at least one copy of the -20 C allele was 26.6%. In @entity101 subjects with at least one copy of the -20 C allele, posterior (P = .027) and septal (P = .021) wall thickness, as well as LV mass (P = .027), were greater than in @entity101 subjects homozygous for the -20 A allele. Moreover, LV functional parameters such as midwall fractional fiber shortenings (P = .021) and the velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (P = .013) were decreased in @entity101 subjects with at least one copy of the -20 C allele, compared with subjects homozygous for the -20 A allele. Confounding factors of LV structure and systolic function, such as age, height, body mass index, physical activity, ambulatory 24-h BP, and @entity1372 intake, were similar between the @entity26201 variants of the @entity2178 gene in both normotensive and @entity101 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In young, mildly @entity101 subjects, cardiac structure and function are modulated by the -20 A/C gene variant of the @entity2178 .

title: Left-ventricular structure and function are influenced by XXXX gene polymorphism ( @entity26201 ) in young male @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensinogen']


abstract: Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of rRNA genes was employed to genetically compare Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme isolates from multiple abscesses of the same liver and isolates from liver abscesses, the ruminal wall, and ruminal contents from the same animal. Four livers with multiple abscesses and samples of ruminal contents, ruminal walls, and liver abscesses were collected from 11 @entity291 at slaughter. F. necrophorum was isolated from all liver abscesses, nine ruminal walls, and six ruminal content samples. Chromosomal DNA of the isolates was extracted and single or double digested with restriction endonucleases (EcoRI, EcoRV, SalI, and HaeIII); then restriction fragments were hybridized with a @entity1859 -labeled cDNA probe transcribed from a mixture of 16S and 23S rRNAs from @entity526 . EcoRI alone or in combination with EcoRV yielded the most discriminating ribopatterns for comparison. Within the subspecies multiple isolates from the same liver were indistinguishable based on the ribopattern obtained with EcoRI. The hybridization patterns of @entity5572 isolates were concordant with those of the corresponding isolates from ruminal walls in eight of nine sets of samples. None of the six ruminal content isolates matched either the @entity5572 isolates or the ruminal wall isolates. The genetic similarity between the isolates from liver abscesses and ruminal walls supports the hypothesis that F. necrophorum isolates of liver abscesses originate from the rumen.

title: Ribotyping to compare Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates from XXXX liver abscesses, ruminal walls, and ruminal contents.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Eighty out- @entity1 with @entity6004 were studied in an integrated treatment model combining psychotherapy and psychotropics in a "conjoint marital therapy" setting. The spouses, who seemed a healthy group, were used as reporters, as controls and as @entity1 in the psychotherapy. The pharmacological trial was a double-blind, cross-over study, comparing @entity838 and @entity5957 after a placebo period. @entity838 was more effective in controlling different @entity148 and demonstrated more potent activating properties than @entity5957 . Hostility symptoms, however, responded better to @entity5957 . These findings were confirmed by ratings performed by @entity1 , spouses and the investigator. Differences in drug preference and drop-out rate showed the same tendency. Nine weeks' continuous treatment did not change the differences found in the cross-over study. No pharmacological rebound symptoms were observed after drug withdrawal. The personality of the spouses was related to the outcome in the @entity1 . Moreover, there was an obvious positive interaction between the psychotherapy given and the drug treatment.

title: Combination of psychotherapy and drugs in the treatment of neurosis. A controlled comparison of XXXX and @entity5957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5957 :: ('MESH:D013881', 'Chemical') :: ['thioridazine']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity838 :: ('MESH:D001960', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromazepam', 'bromazepam']

answer: @entity838 :: (MESH:D001960,Chemical) :: ['bromazepam']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively compare @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and computed tomographic (CT) angiography with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for use in detecting @entity850 and plaque morphology at the carotid bifurcation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four carotid arteries (in 22 @entity1 ) were analyzed by using CT angiography, enhanced MR angiography, and DSA. CT and enhanced MR angiograms were reconstructed with maximum intensity projection and multiplanar volume reconstruction. The following four features were analyzed: degree of @entity850 on the basis of North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria, @entity850 , luminal surface, and presence of @entity1066 . RESULTS: There was significant correlation between CT angiography, enhanced MR angiography, and DSA for degree and @entity850 . With enhanced MR angiography and CT angiography, degree of @entity850 was underestimated in two of 44 cases. No case of overestimation with CT angiography was found. Severe internal carotid artery stenoses were detected with high sensitivity and specificity: 100% and 100%, respectively, with CT angiography; 93% and 100%, respectively, with enhanced MR angiography. Luminal surface irregularities were most frequently seen at CT angiography. With CT angiography and enhanced MR angiography, more @entity1066 was detected than with DSA. CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between CT angiography, enhanced MR angiography, and DSA in evaluation of @entity543 . Enhanced MR angiography or CT angiography can be used to adequately evaluate @entity543 .

title: @entity543 : prospective comparison of CT, three-dimensional XXXX -enhanced MR, and conventional angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['length of stenosis', 'stenosis', 'atheromatous stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: Parasitic @entity2199 are significant pathogens of @entity1 and other animals. The molecular and genetic basis of animal parasitism is not yet fully understood. Strongyloides spp. are a genus of gastrointestinal @entity2199 of which species infect approximately 100   200 million @entity1 worldwide. S. ratti is a natural parasite of the @entity35 , and a useful and amenable laboratory model. Previous EST and microarray analyses of the S. ratti life cycle have identified genes whose expression was specific, or biased, to the parasitic adult stage, suggesting that they may play a key role in parasitism in this species. Here we have further investigated the expression of these genes (by RT-PCR) throughout the S. ratti life-cycle. We produced recombinant proteins in vitro for a subset of these genes, which were used in Western blot analyses to investigate the distribution of the gene products among different stages of the S. ratti life cycle. We tested the efficacy of these recombinant proteins as anti-S. ratti vaccines. One of the proteins was detected in the excretory/secretory products of the parasitic stages.

title: Characterization of genes with a putative key role in the parasitic lifestyle of the XXXX Strongyloides ratti.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'people']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematode']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic valve replacement in @entity1 with severe @entity731 of the ascending aorta poses technical challenges. The purpose of this study was to examine operative strategies and results of aortic valve replacement in @entity1 with a severely @entity731 ascending aorta that could not be safely crossclamped. @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 1990 to December 1998, 4983 @entity1 had aortic valve surgery; of these, 62 (1.2%) @entity1 had a severely @entity731 ascending aorta and required hypothermic @entity1167 to facilitate aortic valve replacement. They form the study group. RESULTS: All @entity1 had hypothermic @entity1167 , but several different strategies were used to manage the ascending aorta. These techniques included aortic valve replacement with the use of hypothermic @entity1167 (39%), ascending aortic endarterectomy (26%), ascending aortic replacement (19%), aortic inspection and crossclamping during hypothermic @entity1167 (10%), and balloon occlusion of the ascending aorta (6%). Duration of hypothermic @entity1167 was substantially longer for @entity1 having aortic valve replacement with hypothermic @entity1167 than for all other strategies. Hospital mortality was 14%, and 10% of @entity1 had @entity64 . Increasing New York Heart Association functional class and impaired left ventricular function were risk factors for hospital mortality. Choice of operative technique did not influence @entity1 outcome; however, no @entity1 who underwent replacement of the ascending aorta had a @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valve replacement in @entity1 with severe @entity731 of the ascending aorta is associated with increased operative morbidity and mortality. Complete aortic valve replacement during hypothermic @entity1167 , the "no-touch" technique, requires a prolonged period of @entity1167 . Ascending aortic replacement is a preferred technique, as it requires a short period of hypothermic @entity1167 and results in comparable mortality with a low risk of @entity64 .

title: The XXXX aorta at aortic valve replacement: surgical strategies and results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eye movements in essential @entity400 (ET) are poorly described and may present useful information on the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with ET, including 15 de novo untreated @entity1 , and 60 age-matched controls constitute the study population. A video-based eye tracker was used to assess binocular eye position. Oculomotor function was assessed while subjects followed random horizontally and vertically step-displaced targets. RESULTS: For all reflexive saccades, latencies were increased in ET subjects by a mean of 16.3% (p<0.01). Saccades showed reduced peak velocities with a lengthy, wavering velocity plateau, followed by slowed decelerations. For larger 30  + saccades, peak velocities were decreased by a mean of 25.2% (p<0.01) and durations increased by 31.8% (p<0.01). The frequency of square wave jerks (SWJs) in @entity1 was more than triple that of controls (p<0.0001). Despite frequent interruptions by SWJs, fixations were otherwise stable and indistinguishable from controls (root mean square [RMS] velocity, p=0.324). The abnormal eye movement parameters were independent of disease duration, @entity400 severity, and medication therapy. DISCUSSION: In contrast to normally @entity514 onset and efficient acceleration/deceleration movements, saccades in ET are characterized by abnormally prolonged latencies and slowed velocity profiles. Although ET subjects maintain highly stable fixations, they are interrupted by increased numbers of SWJs. This study reveals novel @entity51 in ET, which are distinct from the eye @entity717 of other @entity717 , supporting a role for eye tracking to assist in the differential diagnoses of not only atypical, but also more common @entity717 .

title: Slowed saccades and increased square wave jerks in essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor deficits']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders', 'movement dysfunction']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: Our objective was to investigate the association of risk factors, especially @entity6 , with high-grade @entity543 . The study group was chosen from the @entity1 who were sent to our Doppler ultrasonography laboratory for detecting the vascular anatomy. Doppler sonography was performed in 1,058 @entity1 . High-grade @entity543 with a diameter reduction of 70% to 99% was detected in 89 @entity1 . In the moderate and mild @entity850 groups, we had 85 and 884 @entity1 , respectively. @entity1 in the moderate @entity850 group had a 40% to 69% @entity543 , and @entity1 in the mild group had a 0% to 39% @entity850 or normal ultrasonographic findings. Parameters of age, sex, alcohol, smoking, @entity741 , @entity101 , and @entity6 were considered potential risk factors for @entity850 . Multivariate logistic regression model was used as the statistical test in comparing the 3 groups. In the high-grade @entity850 group, sex distribution was 34.8% female and 65.2% male with a mean age of 64.48 +/- 10.19 years. In the second and third groups these distributions were 51.8% female and 48.2% male with a mean age of 65.15 +/- 9.66 years, and 54.30% female and 45.70% male with a mean age 59.56 +/- 12.37, respectively. @entity6 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.77), @entity741 (OR = 1.67), age (OR = 1.02), and male gender (OR = 1.75) were found to be significantly associated with high-grade @entity543 . As a cost-effective, noninvasive, easily performed, and fast technique, Doppler sonography is used in vascular evaluation of @entity1 . Early diagnosis of carotid @entity455 in @entity1 with modifiable risk factors like @entity6 may play an important role in the prevention of a consequent @entity64 .

title: @entity6 as a determinant of high-grade XXXX : evaluation of 1,058 cases by Doppler sonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Gleason sum is an important prognostic parameter for @entity1 treated with radical prostatectomy for @entity263 . However, frequently more than two predominant Gleason patterns are present in one specimen. In this study we investigated the prognostic significance of tertiary Gleason patterns in radical prostatectomy specimens. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1994 and 2001, 277 @entity1 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for clinically localised @entity263 in our institute. We collected information on Gleason score and @entity5 volume (CV) for all @entity5 localizations, clinical and pathological stage, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and extra capsular extension (ECE). In case one pattern was seen in more than 95% of the @entity5 , this pattern was used both for the primary and secondary Gleason pattern, and any other pattern (actually the secondary pattern) was called tertiary. Charts were examined retrospectively for clinical follow up. PSA progression was defined as two subsequent rising PSA measurements above 0.10 ng/ml. Kaplan-Meier time to PSA progression was compared between @entity1 with and without a tertiary pattern. RESULTS: Overall, of the 223 @entity1 , 106 (48%) were found to have a tertiary pattern, which on average, was 7% of the total @entity5 volume. @entity1 with a tertiary pattern had a 5-year risk of PSA progression of 37.3% versus 12.6% in case no tertiary Gleason pattern was present (log rank p=0.0002). There was no prognostic difference between @entity1 with a higher-grade tertiary pattern as compared to those with a lower grade tertiary pattern. CONCLUSIONS: If present, a tertiary Gleason pattern, whether better or worse than the primary or secondary pattern, is an indication for a worse outcome, as indicated by a shorter time to PSA progression. This suggests that @entity5 multifocality, rather than the presence of a higher-grade tertiary Gleason pattern has prognostic value.

title: Does the tertiary Gleason pattern influence the PSA progression-free interval after retropubic radical prostatectomy for organ-confined XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: There is overwhelming evidence that genetic factors play a role in the predisposition to suffer the development of the chronic @entity29 . The genetic analysis of complex diseases, such as @entity31 and @entity30 , is difficult. The presence of disease heterogeneity, the relative low frequency in the population, the degree to which first-degree relatives are affected (approximately 10%), the presence of genes with minor genetic effects, and ethnic differences are some of the difficulties encountered when identifying disease susceptibility loci. Two major approaches to identifying these genes are being followed at present. The first, family-based, consists of studying linkage analysis in sibling pairs and parental transmission in genome-wide screening using microsatellite markers. These studies are appropriate and helpful for finding genes of major or moderate effects but may provide difficulty when identifying genes with minor effects. Risch and Merikangas have pointed to the power of association studies utilizing candidate genes in families. These studies should be considered in the future in genome-wide screens when technologic advances permit. The second approach is based on classic epidemiologic designs, population-based studies, using candidate genes in the framework of a biologic hypothesis. Recent data using both approaches in both @entity30 and @entity31 are reviewed. The results of genome-wide linkage studies have not reached consensus but suggest that these diseases are different and polygenic in nature. We have started our studies with the hypothesis that an abnormal immune dysbalance contributes to the biologic basis of disease. We therefore study polymorphisms in genes encoding proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines. Preliminary data of these association studies suggest the importance of several genes with small effects in determining the severity and prognosis of these diseases.

title: Genetics of XXXX : implications for the future.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: Central @entity49 is an uncommon problem associated with @entity5 . We present here a 53-year-old male who visited the emergency room because of @entity4 . Fluid accumulation over deep neck space led to the diagnosis of suspected @entity548 , and central @entity49 was found by computed tomography. This @entity1 had no other precipitating cause. @entity792 , @entity49 and @entity5 surveys were performed during hospitalization. Elevated serum tissue polypeptide antigen and CA130 were noted, and multiple liver @entity3 were found by another computed tomography. Subsequently, @entity356 was confirmed after gastroendoscopy. @entity356 with distal @entity3 was finally diagnosed. This case reminds us that central @entity49 is a sign of many diseases. Malignancy, including @entity356 , is one of the causes that should be considered.

title: An unusual presentation of metastatic @entity356 --acute onset of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['right neck swelling']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'hypercoagulation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['right neck swelling']


abstract: The high correlation between the IgG isotype of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs) and clinical @entity715 was first documented in 1983, and this observation was confirmed in subsequent studies. In addition, the frequency of fetal loss and @entity882 was increased in this group of @entity1 . These findings were termed the @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). This syndrome was mostly seen in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), but it soon became clear that also other @entity1 not suffering from defined @entity1252 might exhibit features of @entity1701 . aCL in @entity1701 @entity1 are detected in immunoassays by using solid phase @entity6894 as a putative antigen. However, antibodies directed against phospholipid-binding plasma or serum proteins, @entity9500 ( @entity9500 ), in particular, are also detected. Many recent studies have indicated that one of predominant antibodies that has been identified as aCL in @entity1701 @entity1 is against @entity9500 rather than any of the negatively charged phospholipids. The epitopes recognized by anti- @entity9500 antibodies raised in @entity1701 @entity1 are composed of discontinuous @entity535 sequences from the IV domain of @entity1 @entity9500 . These epitopes are cryptic when @entity9500 does not interact with anionic phospholipids. An early event in @entity731 is the accumulation of @entity165 -laden foam cells, which originate mainly from monocyte-macrophage cells by their uptake of chemically modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL). We found that @entity9500 binds directly to oxLDL, and that the complex of oxLDL and @entity9500 is subsequently recognized by aCL (anti- @entity9500 ) to be taken up by macrophages. While the pathogenesis of this accelerated @entity731 is likely to be multifactorial, it is possible that antiphospholipid antibodies, including aCL (anti- @entity9500 antibodies), may have contributed to the formation of @entity731 .

title: Antiphospholipid antibodies in arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity9500 :: ('350', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-GPI', 'beta2-glycoprotein I']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will focus on the recent clinical insights into @entity1264 ( @entity1265 ), the most common geno-oculo- @entity272 . Advances in the treatment will also be reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS: @entity1265 shares phenotypic features with disorders such as @entity52949 , @entity8605 ( @entity13755 ), and multiple lentigenes syndrome. Molecular diagnostic testing aids in diagnosing young @entity1 with still-evolving clinical signs and distinguishes @entity1265 from these other conditions. The management of @entity5150 ( @entity5150 ) remains controversial. @entity5150 may enlarge in later childhood and beyond such that longer ocular surveillance may be appropriate. @entity5995 nerve fiber layer thickness inversely correlates with @entity5150 and @entity227 . There is suspected correlation of @entity1779 risk with the presence of @entity5150 . @entity45 and @entity989 may also be markers of @entity1265 . Studies continue to confirm the utility of Lisch nodules as a diagnostic marker in older @entity1 and adults and seem to correlate with underlying iris pigmentation and sunlight exposure. Promising therapies are being developed based on @entity1265 's central role in the RAS/ @entity20191 / @entity3470 signal transduction pathway. SUMMARY: Continuing advances are enhancing the diagnosis and management of @entity1265 . Current clinical trials use agents that target the RAS/ @entity3470 signal transduction pathway and alter microenvironmental factors that contribute to @entity5 progression.

title: XXXX : a geno-oculo-dermatologic update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigmentary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['type I neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity52949 :: ('MESH:C548032', 'Disease') :: ['Legius syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5150 :: ('MESH:D020339', 'Disease') :: ['optic pathway gliomas', 'OPGs']

entities_list: @entity8605 :: ('MESH:D016518', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Ciliary body cysts']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriopathy']

answer: @entity1264 :: (MESH:D009456,Disease) :: ['Type I neurofibromatosis']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of gender on chronotropic and hemodynamic response during @entity452 stress echocardiography with early injection of @entity3897 (EA-DSE). METHODS: From January 2000 to June 2003, we retrospectively evaluated @entity1 who underwent EA-DSE for known or suspected @entity453 . We studied 494 @entity1 , 243 @entity1 and 251 @entity1 , who were not under beta-blocker or @entity460 channel-blocker therapy (Group A) and 326 @entity1 , 157 @entity1 and 169 @entity1 , using these medications (Group B). Differences on chronotropic and hemodynamic responses during EA-DSE were assessed by gender in the two groups. Predictors of need for higher doses of @entity452 were determined by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In Group A, higher proportion of @entity1 achieved test end points at the stage of 20 mcg/kg per minute. @entity452 and @entity3897 doses were lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 (29 +/- 5 versus 31 +/- 6 mcg/kg per minute; P = 0.001 and 0.61 +/- 0.32 versus 0.78 +/- 0.43 mg; P = 0.006). Cardiac chronotropism and systolic blood pressure response patterns differed by gender. In Group B, there was no difference in the proportion of @entity1 who achieved test end points at each stage of @entity452 . The independent predictors of the need for higher doses of @entity452 in Group A were gender [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.99, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.19-3.32; P = 0.008], age (OR = 0.91,CI = 0.89-0.93; P < 0.001), and baseline heart rate (OR = 0.95,CI = 0.93-0.98; P < 0.001). Independent predictors in the total population were age (OR = 0.92,CI = 0.90-0.94; P < 0.001), baseline heart rate (OR = 0.95,CI = 0.93-0.97; P < 0.001), and beta-blocker therapy (OR = 0.42,CI = 0.18-1.51; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Gender has influence on heart rate and blood pressure response to the EA-DSE in @entity1 without use of drugs with negative chronotropic effects.

title: Gender differences in chronotropic and hemodynamic responses during @entity452 - XXXX stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']