abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the demographic data, clinical behavior, management (surgery/radiotherapy), disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in Mexican Mestizos with @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study comprising all cases with histologic diagnosis of @entity2347 of the head and neck treated from 1986 to 2012. RESULTS: There were 101 cases (69 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 50  years; mean evolution time before diagnosis was 25  months (range 1-180 months). Most @entity5 involved maxillary sinus (25.8  %), followed by hard palate (15.9  %) and parotid gland (10.9  %). Surgery was the treatment in 81 cases (80.2  %), radiotherapy alone in 3 cases (3  %), chemo-radiotherapy in 4 cases (4  %) and 13 cases (12.9  %) did not receive any treatment. Post-surgery adjuvant radiotherapy was used in 58 cases (57.4  %); 6 cases (5.9  %) had adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy after surgery and 37 (36.6  %) cases did not receive any adjuvant treatment. Mean follow-up time was 52  months (range 1-288 months). Histologic patterns were cribriform (50.5  %), solid (28.7  %), and tubular (11.9  %) types. @entity1349 was 57.6  % and 42.3  % at 5 and 10  years respectively. DFS was 57.8  % at 5  years and 49.7  % at 10  years. CONCLUSIONS: Initial management in most cases within this series was surgery followed by radiotherapy. There is more to learn about real benefits of molecular therapies. There were no significant differences in DFS and @entity1349 depending on site of involvement. @entity1349 did not show statistically significant differences amongst @entity1 with positive and negative lymph nodes.

title: XXXX in a Mexican Population.

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity5274 are responsible for subfertility in 12.0-33.0% of subfertile couple. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a safe and less invasive method of detecting both the tubal and uterine defects. The objective of this study was to find out the incidence of tubal blockage including its site and side diagnosed by HSG in subfertile Nepalese @entity1 and to find out the incidence of uterine and other abnormalities detected by this test. This was a prospective study of 1000 cases of subfertility, conducted in Om Hospital, Kathmandu. A short history and HSG report of these cases were obtained from the Radiology department of the hospital. Size and shape of the uterine cavity, evidence of @entity5027 , tubal visualization, spillage of dye, @entity616 with its side and site, evidence of peritoneal adhesion and intravasation of dye in vessels were noted. Quick @entity298 or spillage only after pushing the dye with pressure was also noted. Results were entered in simple tabulations and analyzed. Among 1000 cases, 65.8% had primary and 34.2% had secondary subfertility. 29.0% of the total 1000 cases had abnormal HSG findings. 19.0% of total 1000 cases had tubal blockage. Incidence of tubal blockage in both primary (19.1%) and secondary subfertilty (18.7%) was almost same, in contrary to previous belief. Mullerian defect was present in 3.2% of primary subfertility and 2.0% of secondary subfertility cases. @entity5027 was not detected in any case. Evidence of uterine infection was present in 0.7% of primary subfertility and 0.2% of secondary subfertility cases. Abnormal size of uterine cavity was present in 1.2% of primary subfertility and 0.5% of secondary subfertility. Features of phimosis of fimbrial opening, localized spill and intravasation of dye were present respectively in 5.6%, 1.5%, 1.2% in primary subfertility and 4.9%, 1.7% and 1.7% in secondary subfertility.In conclusion; the incidence of tubal blockage detectable by HSG in this study was 19.0%.

title: Detection of tubal abnormalities by HSG in Nepalese subfertile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5027 :: ('MESH:D002581', 'Disease') :: ['cervical incompetence', 'Cervical incompetence']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['Fallopian tube defects']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['spillage of the dye in the peritoneal cavity']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['tubal block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Postoperative increase in inflammation biologic markers is associated with a nonspecific inflammatory response to a @entity3816 . We investigated the kinetics of changes in serum concentrations of @entity1904 (PCT), @entity1851 and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) after abdominal surgeries and we focused on the behaviour of those markers in the case of development of the @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). In the single centre we conducted a prospective observational study and we included @entity1 admitted to the ICU after elective abdominal surgery. A total of 41 @entity1 were included and 8 (19.5%) of them had clinical and laboratory signs of @entity1850 . @entity295 was confirmed in one of the @entity1 , a 72-year old @entity1 operated due to having an @entity1028 . Plasma concentrations of PCT, @entity1851 and @entity650 were measured in all the @entity1 before surgery and at the postoperative day 1 ( @entity773 ), postoperative day 2 (POD2) and postoperative day 3 (POD3). Systemic release of PCT, @entity1851 and @entity650 was present in all the measured time points after the abdominal surgery. Median concentrations of @entity650 (100.4 pg/mL) and PCT (1, 17 pg/mL) production were measured highest at @entity773 and the median of @entity1851 (147 mg/L) was measured at highest POD2. A larger increase of all three measured markers was found in @entity1 with @entity1850 compared to those without. @entity650 at @entity773 and POD2 was a good predictor of @entity1850 (areas under curves were 0.71 and 0.765, respectively), showing the highest accuracy among investigated markers at those time points. @entity1851 at POD3 was a good predictor of @entity1850 (AUC was 0.76). A cut-off of 95 mg/mL in the level of @entity1851 at POD3 yielded a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 66.7% in detecting @entity1850 . @entity650 and @entity1851 were the best in detecting postoperative @entity1850 after abdominal surgery with the highest area under ROC curve. This study is showing that PCT is not a good marker of @entity1850 caused only by @entity3816 without @entity295 .

title: Kinetics of changes in serum concentrations of @entity1904 , @entity650 , and XXXX after elective abdominal surgery. Can it be used to detect postoperative complications?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injury']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP)', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C- reactive protein']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the feasibility of a new inverse planning technology based on the Hybrid Inverse treatment Planning and Optimisation (HIPO) algorithm for image-guided @entity5 brachytherapy in comparison to conventional manual optimisation as applied in recent clinical practice based on long-term intracavitary @entity5 brachytherapy experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinically applied treatment plans of 10 tandem/ring (T/R) and 10 cases with additional needles (T/R+N) planned with @entity6381 v14.3 were included. Standard loading patterns were manually optimised to reach an optimal coverage with 7 Gy per fraction to the High Risk CTV and to fulfil dose constraints for organs at risk. For each of these @entity1 an inverse plan was retrospectively created with Oncentra GYN v0.9.14. Anatomy based automatic source activation was based on the topography of target and organs. The HIPO algorithm included individual gradient and modification restrictions for the T/R and needle dwell times to preserve the spatial high-dose distribution as known from the long-term clinical experience in the standard @entity5 brachytherapy and with manual planning. RESULTS: HIPO could achieve a better target coverage (V100) for all T/R and 7 T/R+N @entity1 . Changes in the shape of the @entity1445 volume (V200/400) were limited. The D(2 cc) per fraction for bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon was on average lower by 0.2 Gy, 0.4 Gy, 0.2 Gy, respectively, for T/R @entity1 and 0.6 Gy, 0.3 Gy, 0.3 Gy for T/R+N @entity1 (a decrease from 4.5 to 4 Gy per fraction means a total dose reduction of 5 Gy EQD2 for a 4-fraction schedule). In general the dwell times in the additional needles were lower compared to manual planning. The sparing factors were always better for HIPO plans. Additionally, in 7 T/R and 7 T/R+N @entity1 all three D(0.1 cc), D(1 cc) and D(2 cc) for vagina wall were lower and a smaller area of vagina was covered by the reference dose in HIPO plans. Overall loading times in the tandem, the ring and the needles, as well as dose distribution, were largely preserved with adaptations performed due to specific topographical variations, in particular in lateral and caudal directions. CONCLUSIONS: Inverse planning based on the HIPO algorithm can produce treatment plans for @entity5 brachytherapy which are comparable to plans based on manual optimisation as applied in clinical practice. It is essential to take into account the spatial dose distribution in addition to the DVH-based constraints. The proposed inverse planning concept is feasible for improving the therapeutic ratio and limiting substantial high-dose regions around needles.

title: New inverse planning technology for image-guided XXXX brachytherapy: description and evaluation within a clinical frame.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: AIM: Malnutrition has been reported in the literature to be adversely associated with outcomes in @entity5 . Our objective in this paper was to evaluate @entity3147 as a potential predictor for adverse outcomes in @entity1398 associated with @entity5 . METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Kolkata, India. Forty-eight @entity1 , suffering from @entity5 , were included. @entity1 were included if they experienced at least one episode of @entity1398 . For @entity1 aged <5   years, weight for height, height for age and weight for age were used as criteria for defining @entity3147 , while body mass index for age was used in @entity1 >= 5   years. A total of 162 episodes of @entity1398 were studied. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 (30/48, 62.5%) included in the study had @entity3147 . In bivariate analyses at @entity1 level, there is a strong association between @entity3147 and @entity204 (odds ratio (OR) 7.286, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.838-63.345, one-tailed P   =   0.044), and life-threatening complications show a moderate trend towards significance (OR 3.333, 95% CI 0.791-14.052, one-tailed P   =   0.084). Survival functions were significantly different between malnourished and @entity3257 @entity1 (log rank test   (2)    =   4.609, degree of freedom   =   1, P   =   0.032). @entity5653 was associated with life-threatening complications in @entity1 aged <5   years ( @entity16135 , 95% CI 1.135-172.642, one-tailed P   =   0.036). Logistic regression analyses at episode level revealed that phase of treatment and respiratory system involvement were significant predictors of @entity204 , while @entity3147 was not. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition may be a potential predictor of mortality in @entity1398 .

title: Evaluation of @entity3147 as a predictor of adverse outcomes in @entity1398 associated with paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematological malignancies', 'haematological malignancy', 'paediatric malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-malnourished']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['haematological malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy and prognostic value of FDG PET/CT for response assessment after treatment in @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) when using the Deauville Criteria (DC) and the International Harmonization Project Criteria (IHPC). METHODS: This retrospective study included 101 @entity1 (35 @entity978 , 66 @entity1893 ) who underwent early restaging FDG PET/CT after treatment. Scans were evaluated using the IHPC and DC. Two thresholds of positivity for the DC were used: a score of at least 3 ( @entity33888 , i.e. scores 3   -   5) and a score of at least 4 ( @entity33889 , i.e. a score of 4 or 5). Accuracy was assessed using conventional diagnostic procedures, multidisciplinary team case notes, further PET/CT scans and/or follow-up. Progression-free survival and overall survival were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of outcome. RESULTS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of FDG PET/CT for early restaging were, respectively, 92  %, 87  %, 74  %, 92  % and 86  % using @entity33889 , 97  %, 76  %, 64  %, 98  % and 84  % using @entity33888 , and 97  %, 67  %, 57  %, 98  % and 76  % using the IHPC. FDG PET/CT positivity was associated with a worse cumulative survival rate over a 2-year period when using @entity33889 in comparison with the IHPC (20  % vs. 49  %; p   <   0.05) and @entity33888 (47  %; p   <   0.05). Cox regression analysis showed different risks of progression in @entity1 positive on FDG PET/CT using the IHPC, @entity33888 and @entity33889 (hazard ratios 1.57, 0.7 and 3.2, respectively). CONCLUSION: FDG PET/CT using @entity33889 showed higher diagnostic accuracy for @entity978 and @entity1893 than FDG PET/CT using either the IHPC or @entity33888 , indicating its value in predicting clinical outcome after treatment.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT for clinical evaluation at the end of treatment of @entity978 and XXXX : a comparison of the Deauville Criteria (DC) and the International Harmonization Project Criteria (IHPC).

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['NHL']


abstract: Undiagnosed @entity5 in childhood are rare causes of @entity944 . Deaths due to undiagnosed @entity1583 are limited to a small number of case reports. The following case of @entity3052 was diagnosed at forensic autopsy in a 5-year-old @entity1 with no significant past medical history. He complained of @entity390 and @entity391 2 days before his @entity204 , with the subsequent development of @entity221 . @entity693 was the initial suspected cause of @entity204 . Findings at autopsy included a 100% cellular bone marrow with greater than 95% blasts. @entity548 involving the cerebrum, pons, epicardium, lungs, and thymus were present. @entity2617 and @entity6922 were present in the brain, heart, lungs, spleen, hilar lymph nodes, liver, and kidneys. A peripheral blood smear and automated blood cell count showed a white blood cell count of 435   10/L with greater than 80% circulating blasts. Immunohistochemical stains confirmed the diagnosis of @entity11511 . Given these circumstances, the diagnosis of @entity3052 should be considered when an @entity1779 and/or visceral @entity548 are identified on internal examination for appropriate collection of tissue for smears and microscopic examination. This case also highlights the uncommon, although serious, risks associated with @entity981 and hyperleukocytosis.

title: @entity944 due to undiagnosed @entity11511 in a 5-year-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages', 'Hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden and unexpected death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['Prominent leukemic infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6922 :: ('MESH:D018921', 'Disease') :: ['leukostasis']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boy']


abstract: There are numerous important problems concerning relationship between @entity302 and sleep. To clarify the clinical significance and pathophysiology of the @entity159 with @entity11228 ( @entity11228 ) in EEG, this study was carried out on seven cases each of @entity302 with @entity159 during @entity25 (ESES) and with peculiar type of @entity159 in childhood (PNSE) and four cases of @entity302 ( @entity302 ). @entity1032 was most frequently observed in ESES, less in PNSE but none in @entity302 . In both ESES and PNSE, mentally deteriorated cases showed suppression of @entity11228 at significantly later ages than those without deterioration. And spike-wave indices during slow-wave sleep, which were the highest in ESES and lower in PNSE and @entity302 , also had a strong relation to @entity1032 . In these three disorders, both clinical @entity410 and @entity11228 were suppressed at or before 16 years of age, although they were intractable before adolescence. This finding indicated age dependent evolutions of the three disorders. Coherence and phase analysis of @entity11228 was undertaken to differentiate primary and secondary bilateral synchrony in seven cases of these three disorders, which have both features of generalized and partial @entity302 . This analysis disclosed secondary bilateral synchrony as the nature of @entity11228 in six cases. And this analysis method was considered to provide a clue to their pathophysiology. Thus, in these disorders, importance of early diagnosis by EEG including deep sleep and early treatment was recognized.

title: [ XXXX : with special reference to @entity159 with @entity11228 ].

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration', 'Mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow sleep']

entities_list: @entity11228 :: ('MESH:C535500', 'Disease') :: ['continuous diffuse spike-waves during slow-wave sleep', 'CSWS']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'atypical benign partial epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'ABPE']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['nonconvulsive status epilepticus', 'electrical status epilepticus']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy and sleep']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of secondary @entity6582 on perioperative @entity548 . DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Surgical @entity1 at a university-affiliated Veterans Administration Hospital. @entity1 : One hundred @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1030 and a preoperative hemoglobin concentration (Hb) greater than 16 g/dl and 100 age-, sex-, operation-, and ASA physical status-matched control @entity1 without secondary @entity6582 having operations during January to June 1988. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Anesthetic and perioperative records were retrospectively analyzed for excessive @entity548 and transfusion requirements. Charts also were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of @entity548 for 30 days following surgery. The secondary polycythemic @entity1 were compared with the matched control group and did not have a higher frequency of these complications. Red blood cell transfusion requirements for @entity1 with secondary @entity6582 were less than that for the matched controls (p less than 0.005). There was no statistical difference for transfusions of other types of blood products such as platelets and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). CONCLUSION: Secondary @entity6582 does not impart any added perioperative risk.

title: Secondary XXXX does not increase the risk of perioperative @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['polycythemia']


abstract: The influence of concurrent drug therapy ( @entity3174 , @entity1092 , @entity109 , @entity8821 ) on serum concentrations of total and free @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) and its active metabolite @entity15058 ( @entity2050 -E) in 135 @entity302 @entity1 was studied. Serum @entity2050 and @entity2050 -E levels were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, whereas serum levels of the anticonvulsants were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Ultrafiltration was used to separate the free drugs from the protein-bound drugs in serum. Patients were divided into five groups according to the medication they received. Linear regression analyses revealed that concurrent drug therapy affected the metabolic rate of @entity2050 and @entity2050 -E in various ways. In @entity1 on @entity2050 monotherapy, 78.3% of @entity2050 and 52.4% of @entity2050 -E were bound to plasma proteins. The total serum @entity2050 and @entity2050 -E concentrations significantly correlated with their respective free levels in serum. Compared with the @entity2050 monotherapy group, @entity1 receiving concurrent drug therapy showed higher @entity2050 clearance and had elevated @entity2050 -E/ @entity2050 ratios. Although the decrease in the total @entity2050 concentration depended on the simultaneous @entity3174 and @entity1092 concentrations (p less than 0.05), the serum levels of @entity109 and @entity8821 appeared to have no significant influence on the @entity2050 concentration. Since great interindividual variations were found in the serum concentration after a given dose, routine monitoring of the @entity2050 and @entity2050 -E serum concentrations is essential in designing a safe and effective therapeutic regimen for @entity302 @entity1 , especially for those on polytherapy.

title: @entity2049 drug interactions: the influence of concurrent drug therapy on serum concentrations of XXXX and its epoxide metabolite.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity8821 :: ('MESH:D011324', 'Chemical') :: ['primidone']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity15058 :: ('MESH:C012227', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: @entity209 increases the risk of developing @entity6 as well as @entity65 . This research studied the effects of tesaglitazar, a dual-acting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha/gamma agonist, on @entity209 and @entity8 in obese Zucker @entity35 (OZR). Lean Zucker @entity35 (LZR) and OZR were used as control groups. Tesaglitazar (1 micromol/kg/day) was given for 8 weeks in the treatment group ( @entity28 ). Metabolic parameters, 24-hour urine albumin excretion, and tail blood pressure were measured. Glomerular filtration rate by inulin clearance, abdominal fat and renal histology were determined at the end of the study. In comparison with the OZR and @entity28 groups, the LZR control animals' parameters were significantly more favorable in all measures. Tesaglitazar treatment in OZR significantly reduced nonfasting @entity413 , C-reactive protein levels and improved @entity2299 . Body weight, blood pressure and urine albumin excretion were lower, but the adjusted glomerular filtration rate higher, in the @entity28 group than in the OZR controls. Glomerular area, mesangial expansion and tubulointerstitial changes were ameliorated, and the glomerular expression of @entity10944 was markedly more decreased in the @entity28 group than in the OZR controls. Therefore, the @entity3725 /gamma agonist tesaglitazar significantly improved @entity209 and renal function, decreased blood pressure, and protected against glomerular and @entity16 in OZR.

title: Tesaglitazar, a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist ( @entity3725 /gamma), improves @entity209 and reduces @entity8 in obese Zucker XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial damage']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and kidney diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of soft tissue reconstruction after resection of @entity85 and to discuss the strategy of soft tissue reconstruction. METHODS: Between June 2003 and December 2010, 90 @entity1 with @entity85 underwent @entity5 resection and soft tissue reconstruction. There were 59 males and 31 females with a median age of 37.2 years (range, 9-85 years), including 52 @entity3478 and 38 soft tissue @entity5 . One stage reconstruction of soft tissue was performed after @entity5 resection in 75 cases; reconstruction of soft tissue was performed after debridement in 7 cases of wound dehiscence; and two stage reconstruction of soft tissue was performed after debridement and vacuum sealing drainage placement in 8 cases of @entity2737 . The gastrocnemiums flap was used in 40 cases, the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in 6 cases, rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap in 4 cases, gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flap in 1 case, pectoralis major muscle flap in 1 case, @entity1661 in 1 case, local transfer flap in 27 cases, pedicled flaps in 5 cases, and skin grafts in 5 cases. The size of the flap ranged from 6.5 cm x 4.5 cm to 21.0 cm x 9.0 cm. RESULTS: Eighty-seven flaps survived, and incisions healed by first intention in 81 cases. In 6 cases of @entity446 by second intention, 2 had partial flap @entity39 , which was cured by dressing change; 3 had delayed @entity446 ; 1 had mild @entity281 , which was cured after conservative treatment. Wound of donor site healed primarily, and the grafted skin survived. Seventy-three @entity1 were followed up 10-102 months (mean, 36.1 months). Local @entity5 recurrence was observed in 6 @entity1 , who received second resection at 2-27 months (mean, 8.2 months) after operation. Thirteen @entity1 dead of @entity66 at 6-34 months (mean, 19.2 months) after operation. CONCLUSION: The defects caused by resection of @entity85 require soft tissue reconstructions. Optimal reconstruction can enhance wound closure, decrease incidence of wound complication, preserve limb function.

title: [Soft tissue reconstruction after resection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['cross-abdominal flap']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['infected wounds']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal tumor']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal tumors']


abstract: AIM: Individuals with @entity6 are at increased risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). There is good evidence that this risk can be reduced by pharmacotherapies and lifestyle modification. Despite this, knowledge of @entity65 risk amongst individuals with @entity6 remains poor. We undertook a qualitative study to investigate lay perceptions of @entity299 risk amongst individuals with @entity6 in order to gather information about underlying perceptions concerning risk and risk reduction strategies. METHODS: We conducted three focus groups in Oxford using an open-ended question map. Content analysis was performed to identify recurring themes, similar patterns, distinctions and supportive quotations. RESULTS: Concern about having a @entity299 varied widely. A commonly held view was that a 10-year @entity299 risk of 10% or greater was high and being aware of one's risk was important so that lifestyle changes or other interventions could be implemented. @entity1 consistently viewed physical activity as potentially harmful. Almost all @entity1 sought healthcare and lifestyle advice from their primary healthcare providers in the first instance, preferring this to information in the lay press or government campaigns. CONCLUSION: The focus groups have allowed us to better understand lay perceptions of, and underlying assumptions about, @entity65 risk. These findings may be of use when discussing @entity65 risk and risk reduction strategies in primary care.

title: Perceptions of XXXX risk amongst individuals with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart attack']


abstract: Intense resistance exercise causes a significant inflammatory response. NF-kB has been identified as a prospective key transcription factor mediating the postexercise inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a single bout of intense resistance exercise regulates NF-kB signaling in @entity1 skeletal muscle. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis of five recreationally active, but not strength-trained, males (21.9    1.3 yr) prior to, and at 2 and 4 h following, a single bout of intense resistance exercise. A further five subjects (4 males, 1 female) (23    0.89 yr) were recruited as a nonexercise control group to examine the effect of the muscle biopsy protocol on key markers of @entity32 . Protein levels of @entity4284 and phosphorylated NF-kB ( @entity9135 ), as well as the mRNA expression of inflammatory myokines @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), @entity650 , and @entity687 were measured. Additionally, NF-kB ( @entity9135 ) DNA binding to the promoter regions of @entity2842 , @entity650 , and @entity687 was investigated. @entity4284 protein levels decreased, while p-NF-kB ( @entity9135 ) protein levels increased 2 h postexercise and returned to near-baseline levels by 4-h postexercise. Immunohistochemical data verified these findings, illustrating an increase in p-NF-kB ( @entity9135 ) protein levels, and nuclear localization at 2 h postexercise. Furthermore, NF-kB DNA binding to @entity2842 , @entity650 , and @entity687 promoter regions increased significantly 2 h postexercise as did mRNA levels of these myokines. No significant change was observed in the nonexercise control group. These novel data provide evidence that intense resistance exercise transiently activates NF-kB signaling in @entity1 skeletal muscle during the first few hours postexercise. These findings implicate NF-kB in the transcriptional control of myokines known to be central to the postexercise inflammatory response.

title: Resistance exercise increases NF-kB activity in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal muscle inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein 1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Fifteen pregnant @entity2608 near term were anesthetized with @entity4485 . Catheters were placed into the right femoral arteries of the mother and fetus, the fetuses being retained in utero. After repair of all incisions, the mothers were placed on their sides and allowed to recover from anesthesia. As they awakened, their fetuses regularly developed blood chemical and, frequently, vital signs changes indicative of deepening @entity1763 . In eight cases, anesthesia was reinstated with intravenous @entity4485 , 30 mg. per kilogram. This caused an immediate and significant improvement in oxygenation of the fetus in all instances. The remaining animals were transferred to restraining chairs where the blood chemical and cardiovascular statuses of the mothers and fetuses were followed over the next 3 to 72 hours. During this time, the mothers, fully awake, were subjected to both "contrived" and "incidental" episodes of @entity1642 . In the majority of instances, these periods of stress to the mothers caused episodes of @entity1168 and @entity551 in their fetuses. These induced vital signs changes of the fetuses appeared regularly about 50 seconds after the beginning of the periods of stress stimulation of the mother. Similarly, the vital signs changes frequently began returning toward more normal values with 1 to 2 minutes after the alleviation of maternal stress. Blood samples drawn in single cases before, during, and after recovery from @entity1168 identified an associated increase in @entity1763 of the fetuses. These episodic aggravations of the already existent @entity2241 of the fetuses. These episodic aggravations of the already existent @entity2241 brought about by stress stimulation of the mother are interpreted as resulting from activation of the maternal sympathetic nervous system causing vasoconstriction throughout the abdominal viscera and an accompanying retardation in intervillous space perfusion.

title: XXXX : a study in the monkey.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress stimulation']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal asphyxia']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['Maternal psychological stress and fetal asphyxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Transient elastography (TE) is gaining popularity as a non-invasive method for predicting @entity1575 , but intraobserver and interobserver agreement and factors influencing TE reproducibility have not been adequately assessed. This study investigated these aspects. SETTING: Tertiary referral liver unit. @entity1 : Over a 4-month period, 200 @entity1 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ) with varying aetiology consecutively underwent TE and liver biopsy. INTERVENTIONS: TE was performed twice by two different operators either concomitantly or within 3 days of the bioptic procedure (METAVIR classification). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraobserver and interobserver agreement were analysed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and correlated with different @entity1 -related and @entity409 . RESULTS: 800 TE examinations were performed, with an indeterminate result rate of 2.4%. The overall interobserver agreement ICC was 0.98 (95% CI 0.977 to 0.987). Increased body mass index (>25 kg/m(2)), @entity1560 , and low staging grades ( @entity82 ( @entity82 ) stage <2) were significantly associated with reduced ICC (p<0.05). Intraobserver agreement ICC was 0.98 for both raters. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, three diagnostic TE thresholds were identified: >7.9 kPa for @entity82 >/=2, >10.3 for @entity82 >/=3 and >11.9 for @entity82 = 4. TE values assessed by the two raters fell within the same cut-off of @entity82 in 88% of the cases for @entity82 >/=2, in 92% for @entity82 >/=3 and 91% for @entity82 = 4. CONCLUSIONS: TE is a highly reproducible and user-friendly technique for assessing @entity1575 in @entity1 with @entity409 . However, because TE reproducibility is significantly reduced (p<0.05) in @entity1 with @entity1560 , increased BMI and lower degrees of @entity1575 , caution is warranted in the clinical use of TE as a surrogate for liver biopsy.

title: Reproducibility of transient elastography in the evaluation of @entity1575 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease-related covariates', 'CLD', 'chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'hepatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: Combination induction chemotherapy consisting of @entity5713 , @entity1732 , and @entity900 was administered to 126 @entity1 with @entity2971 of the testis. Following this 4-month induction therapy, maintenance treatment consisting of @entity5805 and @entity4316 alternating monthly with @entity5713 was given for an additional 20-month period. Sixty-four @entity1 (51%) achieved a complete remission, while 33 @entity1 (26%) achieved a partial response. Responses were observed in all histologic categories. Seven @entity1 (11%), who were in complete remission, have relapsed at a median time of 5 months. Median duration of remission is greater than 12 months for complete responders and 4 months for partial responders. Significant @entity1431 was noted in 57% of evaluable courses and significant @entity882 was noted in 18%. Less than 20% of @entity1 were noted to have nephrotoxicity. Other toxic effects observed were gastrointestinal (42%), dermatologic (15%), @entity221 (14%), neuromuscular (9%), and pulmonary (less than 5%). Several pretreatment parameters are currently being evaluated to determine the impact on complete remission rate and survival.

title: XXXX , @entity1732 , and @entity900 in disseminated testicular cancer: preliminary report of a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['advanced germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['Vinblastine']


abstract: Total intravenous anesthesia with @entity1875 , @entity3575 and @entity3652 (PFK) was given to two @entity1 complicated with @entity3918 . Case-1: A 42-year-old female underwent a hemithyroidectomy. Anesthesia was induced slowly with intravenous @entity3652 20 mg and @entity1875 60 mg. Her tracheal intubation was performed smoothly without any muscle relaxants. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity1875 infusion of 5 mg.kg-1.h-1, @entity3652 infusion of 0.3 mg.kg-1.h-1 and @entity3575 200 micrograms in total. She regained consciousness 20 minutes after the end of @entity1875 infusion, and 15 minutes later, her @entity825 was extubated without any troubles. Case-2: A 41-year-old female underwent a removal of left @entity5 . Anesthesia was induced slowly with @entity3652 40 mg and @entity1875 100 mg intravenously. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity1875 infusion of 5-10 mg.kg-1.h-1, @entity3652 infusion of 0.5 mg.kg-1.h-1 and @entity3575 350 micrograms in total. No muscle relaxant was used through the surgical procedure. Emergence from anesthesia was observed 10 minutes after the end of @entity1875 infusion and her @entity825 was extubated. When a nasogastric tube was pulled out, her respiration stopped suddenly and she was intubated again only for two hours without any troubles. In both cases their serum @entity9153 levels and rectal temperatures were very stable. PFK method would be a choice for @entity1 with @entity3918 .

title: [Total intravenous anesthesia for two @entity1 complicated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['parotid tumor']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['myotonic dystrophy']


abstract: We report 2 @entity1 showing invasion of @entity2381 into the central nerve system (CNS). @entity1 1, an 81-year-old @entity1 , underwent surgery for @entity18184 . She developed @entity385 with unconsciousness on 12th postoperative day. CSF examination demonstrated pleocytosis with increased protein and @entity17555 antigen. She was diagnosed as having invasion of @entity2381 into the CNS, and was treated with @entity5074 . Her clinical manifestations and CSF findings markedly improved. However, the effects of @entity5074 gradually attenuated and she demonstrated recurrence of the @entity385 . After 2 months, she died of @entity8318 and @entity295 . Autopsy studies. Severe @entity731 changes with @entity730 were demonstrated in the bilateral carotid and basilar arteries, and many @entity17555 were clustered in the vessel walls. Granulomatous inflammatory lesions with @entity17555 were also demonstrated in the area surrounding the chiasm. There were no massive @entity1188 or @entity548 in the brain, but multiple small @entity1188 were present. Patinet 2, a 64-year-old @entity1 , showing bilateral @entity227 , was receiving treatment with corticosteroids under a diagnosis of @entity7995 . Two weeks later, he developed @entity385 . CSF examination showed pleocytosis with increased protein and @entity17555 antigen. He was diagnosed as having @entity3 from the @entity18184 into the CNS. He was treated with @entity5074 , and unconsciousness and CSF findings improved transiently. However, he developed a recurrence of the @entity4798 and @entity55 and finally died 6 months later. Treatment by @entity5074 was definitely effective in both @entity1 , but both @entity1 died of recurrent @entity385 , possibly due to resistance for @entity5074 , or developing multicellular filamentous biofilms. @entity5074 is recommended as the first choice of antifungal agents for @entity2381 . @entity281 is strongly invasive into arterial vessels. It is important to consider the possible occurrence of @entity66 when treating invasion of @entity2381 into the CNS.

title: [Effects of XXXX and vascular lesions in invasion of @entity2381 into the central nerve system].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['man', 'woman', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity17555 :: ('MESH:C535390', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity8318 :: ('MESH:D020953', 'Disease') :: ['systemic aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus infection']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole', 'Voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity18184 :: ('MESH:D015524', 'Disease') :: ['sphenoidal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity5074 :: (MESH:C102790,Chemical) :: ['voriconazole']


abstract: @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated in 269 consecutive @entity1 the incidence and gravity of dysrhythmic complications during nonsynchronized extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) using an electromagnetic lithotripter. RESULTS: @entity943 occurred during treatment in 22 @entity1 (8.8%) with no previous @entity943 . @entity1540 occurred in 14 @entity1 , @entity11706 in 7 @entity1 , and sinus @entity1168 in 1 @entity1 . It was not necessary to terminate treatment because of the occurrence of @entity943 in any of the @entity1 . For 13 of the 22 @entity1 (59%), it was sufficient to interrupt the treatment momentarily to obtain resumption of the normal rhythm. For 8 @entity1 (36%), treatment was continued after triggering the release of the shockwaves with the refractory phase of the heart cycle. For one case of @entity1168 (42 beats/min), it was possible to continue with the treatment after intravenous administration of @entity3897 0.5 mg. @entity943 were revealed by the electrocardiographic examination in 16 of the @entity1 studied (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy without ECG triggering has been found to be fast and efficient and not correlated with the occurrence of dysrhythmic episodes of any particular clinical significance. No significant correlation was found between the occurrence of @entity943 , the side treated, the number and strength of the shockwaves, or the administration of analgesics. It was found, however, that @entity943 occurred almost exclusively in treatments involving the kidneys. The ECG-triggering option was indispensable in some @entity1 in order to complete the lithotripsy without complications.

title: XXXX induced by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia', 'Dysrhythmia', 'Pretreatment dysrhythmias', 'cardiac dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Cardiac dysrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Circulating levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 are low in @entity82 and are related to @entity409 . @entity209 include @entity3147 with altered body composition and @entity2331 . Since the effects of @entity442 may be associated to changes in body composition and bone mineral content (BMC) in cirrhotic @entity1 , we investigated the relations between changes in the @entity13738 and the effects of long-term alpha- and beta-blockade. DESIGN: The study was designed as a combined cross-sectional and prospective randomised controlled study of 62 @entity1 with @entity82 . Twenty-three of these @entity1 were randomised to treatment with beta- or combined alpha/beta-blocker for 3 months. Haemodynamics, body composition, and systemic and hepatic @entity442 and @entity2301 levels were determined in all @entity1 . In the subgroup changes in body composition and @entity442 / @entity2301 levels after 3 months of beta- or combined alpha/beta-blockade were additionally examined. RESULTS: Both the hepatic and the systemic IGF systems were suppressed and correlated with @entity409 and anthropometrics (p<0.05-0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that changes in the IGF-system were determined by metabolic @entity409 as well as anthropometrics. In the follow-up study, hepatic venous @entity442 (p=0.05) and @entity2301 (p=0.02) increased after 3 months only in the group who received beta-blocker. In both groups, fat body mass increased significantly after 3 months (p=0.05-0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity82 , the IGF-system is associated with both anthropometrics and synthetic capacity of the liver. Changes in @entity442 relate to changes in anthropometrics and there seems to be a differential effect depending on the type of adrenoreceptor blockade. Future longitudinal studies are needed to unravel these mechanisms in @entity82 .

title: The insulin like growth factor system in XXXX . Relation to changes in body composition following adrenoreceptor blockade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity13738 :: ('MESH:C564221', 'Disease') :: ['IGF-system and body composition']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: A double-blind placebo-controlled study using the double-dummy technique has been done to examine whether the responses of pituitary and adrenal hormones to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia were @entity73 by a pharmacological dose of @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide ( @entity1 @entity8224 -(99-126), @entity8224 ). After an overnight fast eight male healthy volunteers (aged 23-40 years) received in random order i.v. bolus injections of insulin 0.125 U.kg-1 + placebo, @entity8224 100 micrograms + placebo,insulin + @entity8224 , or both placebo preparations. In the insulin-only experiment, @entity1 growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, @entity701 , @entity1369 , plasma @entity916 activity, @entity1425 , and @entity1063 were all stimulated by hypoglycaemia. In the @entity8224 -only experiment there were no hormonal changes other than decreases in plasma @entity916 activity and @entity1369 concentration. In the insulin + @entity8224 experiment the nadir of blood @entity413 was decreased to 1.3 from the 2.0 mmol.1-1 found in the insulin-only experiment. The exaggerated hypoglycaemia resulted in increased stimulation of @entity1 growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and adrenaline when compared to the insulin-only experiment. The rise in the @entity701 and @entity1369 concentrations was only slightly increased, and the stimulation of plasma @entity916 activity was blunted. Unexpectedly, @entity8224 was found to enhance the hypoglycaemic action of insulin, most probably by inhibiting insulin degradation within the liver. There was no evidence of an inhibitory effect of @entity8224 on the stimulation of pituitary or adrenal hormones during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. The reduction in @entity916 may indicate an inhibitory action of @entity8224 on catecholaminergic effects within the kidney.

title: Effect of @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide on blood @entity413 concentrations and hormone stimulation during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein ( @entity9198 ) is a member of the @entity2067 -dependent protein family with unique structural and physical properties. @entity9198 has been shown to be an inhibitor of arterial wall and cartilage @entity730 . One inhibitory mechanism is thought to be binding of @entity1841 . Binding has been shown to be dependent upon the @entity2067 -dependent gamma-carboxylation modification of @entity9198 . Since @entity9198 is an insoluble matrix protein, this work has focused on intracellular processing and transport of @entity9198 to become an extracellular binding protein for @entity1841 . @entity1 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were infected with an adenovirus carrying the @entity9198 construct, which produced non-gamma-carboxylated @entity9198 and fully gamma-carboxylated @entity9198 . Both forms of @entity9198 were found in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions obtained from the cells by differential centrifugation. The crude microsomal fraction was shown to contain an additional, more acidic Ser-phosphorylated form of @entity9198 believed to be the product of Golgi casein kinase. The data suggest that phosphorylation of @entity9198 dictates different transport routes for @entity9198 in VSMCs. A proteomic approach failed to identify a larger soluble precursor of @entity9198 or an intracellular carrier protein for @entity9198 . Evidence is presented for a receptor-mediated uptake mechanism for fetuin by cultured @entity1 VSMCs. Fetuin, shown by mass spectrometry not to contain @entity9198 , was found to be recognized by anti- @entity9198 antibodies. Fetuin uptake and secretion by proliferating and differentiating cells at sites of @entity730 in the arterial wall may represent an additional protective mechanism against @entity729 .

title: Processing and transport of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein and @entity1841 in cultured XXXX vascular smooth muscle cells: evidence for an uptake mechanism for serum fetuin.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['arterial calcification']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity571 at the base of the thumb is a common problem, especially in @entity1 . Among the many surgical procedures aimed at restoring the function of the trapeziometacarpal joint, total trapeziectomy has been shown to provide good long-term results in most @entity1 . But in some @entity1 continued @entity158 may lead the surgeon to consider a revision procedure. We report the use of costochondral autograft as an interposition material in revision of trapeziectomy in trapeziometacarpal @entity571 and to study its usefulness. METHODS: The study design was retrospective. All of the @entity1 had a costochondral autograft as a revision procedure after a failed trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction. @entity1 were clinically assessed before and after surgery. The follow-up period was 24 months. Results were assessed as follows: good, complete relief of @entity158 ; fair, persistent mild @entity158 and @entity2693 ; poor, no relief of @entity158 or any improvement with revision surgery. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were included; there were 2 good results, 2 fair results, and no poor result. @entity158 relief was obtained in all @entity1 . Thumb opposition showed a slight improvement in 1 @entity1 and no change in the other 3 @entity1 . Pinch strength showed no change. One case of @entity4542 was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Costochondral autograft as a revision procedure after failed trapeziectomy is a reliable procedure. These preliminary outcomes showed that the result did not compare favorably with soft-tissue interposition. Nevertheless, in case of an iterative procedure, the lack of available soft-tissue material to interpose may lead the surgeon to consider a costochondral autograft. This procedure should be considered a salvage procedure.

title: Costochondral autograft as a salvage procedure after failed trapeziectomy in trapeziometacarpal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury of the sensory branch of the radial nerve']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Between January 1970 and December 1988, 105 consecutive @entity1 underwent complete resection for lung metastases from @entity242 , 33 of them in the years from 1970 to 1983 and 72 between 1984 and 1988. In the latter period, new criteria consisting of early bilateral surgical staging and lung resection through median sternotomy were adopted for the management of lung metastases, in all @entity1 with purely intrathoracic relapse. There was no operative mortality, follow-up was updated in August 1989, and actuarial survivals were calculated by the logrank method at 36 months from the time of first lung resection. During the second period, the overall actuarial survival at three years improved significantly (24% vs. 50%, P less than 0.02), notwithstanding the higher incidence of @entity1 with unfavourable prognostic factors. The three-year survival was also significantly better in the subset of @entity1 with a disease-free interval less than or equal to 12 mos. and/or multiple pathological lesions (9% vs. 45%, P less than 0.05). Contralateral occult metastases were resected in 10 of 29 subjects who underwent sternotomy for monolateral clinical lesions. Of 26 @entity1 with further intrapulmonary recurrence, 16 (62%) were amenable to re-operation and eventual surgical rescue. These data suggest that median sternotomy and early management of occult contralateral disease may contribute to an improvement in the long-term survival of @entity1 with @entity3 . On the other hand, it is possible that the effectiveness of salvage surgery is related to the higher activity and wider application of adjuvant and salvage chemotherapy.

title: Results of salvage surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic sarcomas']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity9923 is a potent and selective @entity21276 agonist in development for treatment of @entity2182 . METHODS: Mirabegron pharmacokinetics after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral doses, absolute bioavailability (F), dose proportionality, sex differences and tolerability were assessed in 2 single-dose, open-label, randomized, parallel-group, cross-over studies in healthy @entity1 (exploratory Study 1, n = 12) and @entity1 and @entity1 (Study 2, n = 91). RESULTS: After oral dosing (25 - 150 mg), peak plasma concentrations were attained after ~ 4 h. Mean half-life was around 40 h for both routes of administration. Volume of distribution at steady state was 1,670 l and total clearance was around 57 l/h for i.v. dosing. Mirabegron pharmacokinetics were linear after i.v. dosing (7.5 - 50 mg), but exposure increased more than proportionally after oral dosing due to increased F (29% for 25 mg to 45% at 150 mg). About 20% of the (absorbed) dose was excreted unchanged into urine. Area under the curve (AUC) was 27% and 64% higher in females than males after i.v. and oral dosing respectively; differences were mostly attributed to body weight, and for oral dosing, also to F. CONCLUSIONS: Mirabegron pharmacokinetics were linear after i.v. dosing (7.5 - 50 mg), but increased more than proportionally after oral dosing (25 - 150 mg) as a result of increased F. Sex differences in exposure could be explained by body weight and for oral dosing, also by F. Mirabegron was in general well tolerated up to the highest doses studied, 50 mg i.v. and 150 mg oral.

title: Single dose pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of @entity9923 , a b   -adrenoceptor agonist for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9923 :: ('MESH:C520025', 'Chemical') :: ['Mirabegron']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Both @entity15486 (ET-1) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may play important roles in @entity8 in the obstructed kidney. However, there have been few clear demonstrations of a relationship between their activation and additive or synergistic roles in @entity8 . We investigated the protective roles and relationship between renal RAS and ET-1 in @entity1695 ( @entity1695 ) @entity19 . METHODS: 8-week-old male C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into seven groups: sham, @entity12584 +sham, @entity917 +sham, vehicle+ @entity1695 , @entity12584 + @entity1695 , @entity917 + @entity1695 , and @entity917 + @entity12584 + @entity1695 . @entity917 and @entity12584 were administered orally using an NG tube ( @entity917 10 mg/kg/day, @entity12584 100 mg/kg/day for 8 days, after which the molecular and structural kidney parameters were evaluated. @entity12584 treatment elevated plasma renin activity, renal renin, and @entity14207 expression in @entity1695 @entity19 . RESULTS: Although @entity917 decreased plasma ET-1 in these @entity19 , it did not affect ET(A) or @entity14801 in their kidneys. Co-treatment with @entity917 and @entity12584 decreased ET-1 in these @entity19 compared to the single treatments. @entity12584 , but not @entity917 , elevated eNOS expression in their kidneys. Co-treatment with @entity917 and @entity12584 reduced @entity641 , @entity3113 , and collagen IV expression, and the Masson's trichrome stained area in their kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12584 and @entity917 acted complementarily, and co-treatment with both drugs had an additive protective effect against @entity8 .

title: Co-inhibition of Angiotensin II Receptor and XXXX Attenuates @entity8 in Unilateral Ureteral Obstructed @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan', 'Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity12584 :: ('MESH:C086232', 'Chemical') :: ['Bosentan', 'bosentan']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['UUO', 'unilateral ureteral obstruction']

answer: @entity15486 :: (13614(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Endothelin-1']


abstract: @entity741 leads to the activation of neutrophils as well as endothelial cells. The interaction between these cells is dependent on certain adhesion glycoproteins which are expressed on their surface. Adhesion of neutrophils to endothelium, mediated by adhesion molecules, has been shown to result in coronary capillary plugging and impairment of coronary blood flow. In certain conditions, upon cell activation, adhesion proteins may be released in soluble form into the circulating blood. The purpose of our study was to verify whether @entity741 occurring during @entity951 episodes results in the release of the soluble adhesion molecules, @entity1196 , @entity4105 , and @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), into the circulation. Plasma samples were collected by venepuncture from 15 @entity1 admitted to the emergency room with @entity662 caused by attacks of @entity951 and 15 @entity1 with noncardiac @entity662 . To confirm the diagnosis, all @entity1 underwent an exercise stress test and, if not conclusive, 99mTc MIBI SPECT or coronary arteriography. Another set of plasma samples were taken from each @entity1 in the absence of @entity662 . In addition, blood for analysis was obtained from 15 sex-and age-matched healthy subjects. Soluble adhesion molecules plasma levels were measured by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In @entity1 with @entity951 , plasma levels of soluble @entity1196 estimated during @entity662 were significantly higher than in the control group and decreased in the absence of @entity662 . Similarly, the mean concentration of soluble @entity2071 at the time of @entity951 onset was significantly elevated in the @entity1 in comparison with the control group and remained higher, although not significantly, in the absence of @entity662 . In @entity1 with noncardiac @entity662 , plasma levels of soluble @entity1196 did not differ significantly from those observed in control subjects. In this group of @entity1 , the plasma levels of soluble @entity2071 estimated during @entity158 onset and in the absence of this symptom were not significantly elevated. On the contrary, the mean values of soluble @entity4105 in the @entity1 with @entity63 @entity158 during @entity662 and in the absence of this symptom, as well as those in the @entity1 with noncardiac @entity662 during or without symptoms, remained unchanged in comparison with the control group. During attacks of @entity951 an increase in the plasma levels of the soluble adhesion molecules, @entity2071 and @entity1196 , was noted, possibly reflecting activation of neutrophils and endothelial cells during @entity741 . However, @entity4105 plasma levels remained unchanged in response to @entity741 .

title: Increased release of the soluble form of the adhesion molecules @entity1196 and @entity2071 but not @entity4105 during attacks of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'cardiac pain']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intracellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sixteen percent of @entity1 with @entity356 will develop pulmonary metastases. Standard of care for these @entity1 is systemic chemotherapy with a median survival of 6 months and a 5-year survival of only 2%. Our aim was to critically evaluate the published data on pulmonary resection for @entity356 ( @entity356 ) and to analyze the potential rationale for surgical management to determine which @entity1 may benefit from this approach. METHODS: The Pubmed and SCOPUS databases were queried for all studies reporting on pulmonary resections for @entity356 . All available clinicopathologic data were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies from 1975 to 2008 reported 48 pulmonary resections in 43 @entity1 including five repeat resections and four extrapulmonary metastasectomies. Eighty-two percent (34/43) of @entity1 had solitary lesions with a median size of 24 mm (4-90 mm). Median time from gastrectomy to pulmonary resection was 35 months (0-120 months). At a median follow-up of 23 months, 15 of 43 (35%) @entity1 were alive without disease, and two @entity1 died without disease. Median survival was 29 months (3-84 months) after pulmonary metastasectomy and 65 months (5-180 months) after gastrectomy. Fifty-six percent (24/43) of @entity1 had another recurrence at a median of 12 months (range: 6-48 months) after resection including 30% (13/43) of @entity1 with @entity358 . Overall 5-year survival was 33%. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary metastasectomy for @entity356 can potentially result in long-term survival in a highly selected group of @entity1 and should be considered for those who present with small, @entity75 after a prolonged disease-free interval.

title: Pulmonary resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary recurrences']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['isolated lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'MGC', 'metastatic gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['metastatic gastric cancer']


abstract: The 32-residue @entity368 zipper subsequence, called here @entity1178 -lz, associates in benign media to form a parallel two-stranded coiled coil. Studies are reported of its thermal unfolding/folding transition by circular dichroism (CD) on samples of natural isotopic abundance and by both equilibrium and spin inversion transfer (SIT) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on samples labeled at the @entity368 -18 alpha- @entity505 with 99% @entity7352 . The data cover a wide range of temperature and concentration, and show that @entity1178 -lz unfolds below room temperature, being far less stable than some other @entity368 zippers such as GCN4. @entity7352 -NMR shows two well-separated resonances. We ascribe the upfield one to @entity7352 spins on unfolded single chains and the downfield one to @entity7352 spins on coiled-coil dimers. Their relative intensities provide a measure of the unfolding equilibrium constant. In SIT NMR, the recovery of the equilibrium magnetization after one resonance is inverted is modulated in part by the unfolding and folding rate constants, which are accessible from the data. Global Bayesian analysis of the equilibrium and SIT NMR data provide values for the standard enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity of unfolding, and show the latter to be unusually large. The CD results are compatible with the NMR findings. Global Bayesian analysis of the SIT NMR data yields the corresponding activation parameters for unfolding and folding. The results show that both reaction directions are activated processes. Activation for unfolding is entropy driven, enthalpy opposed. Activation for folding is strongly enthalpy opposed and somewhat entropy opposed, falsifying the idea that the barrier for folding is solely due to a purely entropic search for properly registered partners. The activation heat capacity is much larger for folding, so almost the entire overall change is due to the folding direction. This latter finding, if it applies to GCN4 @entity368 zippers, clears up an extant apparent disagreement between folding rate constants for GCN4 as determined by chevron analysis and NMR in differing temperature regimes.

title: Site-specific experiments on folding/unfolding of @entity1178 coiled coils: thermodynamic and kinetic parameters from spin inversion transfer nuclear magnetic resonance at XXXX -18.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: @entity29690 is a @entity738 of the mucous membrane caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an organism of uncertain taxonomic position, most probably a fungus. It usually infects mucous membrane of the nose and nasopharynx but may infect mucous membrane of all other parts even the skin. Inoculation of the eye and related structures are grouped as oculosporidiosis. In this case of a 50 years old male agriculturist from remote village had complaints of a mass protruding out from the palpebral fissure since last one year. It was gradually increasing in size and shape. There was recurrent redness, watering and discharge. This mass caused dragging of lower lid to produce @entity4549 . On examination there was a pedunculated polypoidal broad based conjunctival mass originated from inferior bulbar conjunctiva. It is chemosed with the evidence of @entity39 and old @entity548 spot, engorged conjunctival vessel and in the exposed pert there is keratinisation. Conjunctival rhinosporidosis has predilection for agriculture workers so that contact with contaminated soil may be the causative factor. The only effective treatment is radical surgical excision followed by thermal and @entity3459 , nevertheless relapse is the rule rather the exception. No such medical treatment has proved to be effective. @entity3101 and @entity2379 have been used without success.

title: Giant mass conjunctival rhinosporidiosis causing severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity29690 :: ('MESH:D012227', 'Disease') :: ['Rhinosporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3101 :: ('MESH:D006118', 'Chemical') :: ['Griseofulvin']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['chemical coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4549 :: ('MESH:D004483', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical ectropion']

answer: @entity4549 :: (MESH:D004483,Disease) :: ['mechanical ectropion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An early diagnosis of @entity1897 in @entity6 @entity1 is useful in order to slow down the progress of this complication. Nerve conduction tests are the gold standard for this diagnosis but they are challenging for the @entity1 . This study examines whether it is possible to assess the presence of @entity3949 at an early stage by static posturography tests. METHODS: Static posturography tests were performed on 37 type-2 @entity6 subjects (25 @entity1109 @entity1 and 12 non- @entity1109 control subjects). Each subject was tested twice under two visual conditions: open and closed eyes. Both "global" (classic) and "structural" (model-based) posturographic parameters (PP) were derived from centre-of-pressure trajectories. A total of 65 PP were computed but only five were selected, normalized and fed to a linear classifier based on linear discriminant analysis. RESULTS: This method correctly classified 86.5% of the @entity1 . Five subjects were misclassified and only 2 false negatives out of 25 @entity1109 subjects were erroneously diagnosed as control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This paper shows that "global" and "structural" parameters derived by static posturography tests, and classic linear statistical approaches, can be used for the diagnosis of @entity16 provided PP are properly chosen and normalized.

title: Identification of XXXX in type-2 @entity6 subjects by static posturography and linear discriminant analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: AIMS: High-dose radiotherapy after surgical debulking is the treatment of choice for @entity3580 and @entity511 . This study reviewed our outcomes, in relation to @entity5 volume and radiation dose, in order to inform our future practice. @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 referred to the Neuro-Oncology Unit at Addenbrooke's Hospital (Cambridge, UK) between 1996 and 2009 and treated with photon radiotherapy were reviewed. Seventeen of the 19 were treated with curative intent. The median follow-up was 53 months. The @entity5 in the study had a mean gross @entity5 volume (GTV) of 17.2 cm(3) (median 10.5 cm(3)) and a range of 0-76.3 cm(3). The median dose was 65Gy in 39 fractions. RESULTS: The 5 year cause-specific survival for radically treated @entity1 with @entity3580 was 92% and the 5 year local control rate was 83%. The 5 year cause-specific survival and local control rates with @entity511 were both 100%. A planning target volume ( @entity343 ) below 90 cm(3) is predictive of local control, but volumes above this are not. The GTV seems to be a better predictor of outcome: among the 17 of 19 @entity1 treated curatively, a GTV threshold of 30 cm(3) distinguished local failures from the 15 @entity1 with local control, with sensitivity to detect local control of 100% (95% confidence interval 78-100%), specificity 100% (95% confidence interval 16-100%) and positive predictive value 100% (95% confidence interval 78-100%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a high level of efficacy for fractionated photon radiotherapy after surgery, in keeping with other series. In addition, we found that although surgical debulking is essential, a small @entity5 volume may still be controlled with high-dose photon radiotherapy. This information may be relevant during neurosurgical planning, possibly allowing a reduction in risk of serious @entity51 . This should encourage the further development of sophisticated photon radiotherapy, for @entity1 unsuitable for proton therapy.

title: Residual postoperative @entity5 volume predicts outcome after high-dose radiotherapy for XXXX and @entity511 of the skull base and spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: We isolated @entity2235 (SV40) chromosomes from lytically infected CV-1 cells at various times during the late phase and transcribed them in vitro with either whole-cell or nuclear extracts of HeLa cells. The late promoter was 3- to 10-fold more active than the early promoter. With bare SV40 DNA templates, the early promoter was up to 10-fold stronger than the late promoter. The relative strengths of the early and late promoters on SV40 chromosomes were essentially independent of template concentration or length of the replicative phase of the @entity281 . When monoclonal antibodies or antisera against T antigen (T Ag) were added to SV40 chromosomes or when T Ag, both free and chromatin bound, was removed by immunoprecipitation with anti-T, the activity of the late promoter remained essentially unchanged. Washing with 0.4 M @entity1219 removed T Ag from more than 90% of the mature chromosomes associated with T Ag. Transcription from the late promoter still predominated in the salt-washed T Ag-depleted chromosomes, even though there was a marked increase in early promoter activity. The @entity308 of the early promoter could be reversed by adding the T Ag-containing extract back to the depleted chromosomes. Extraction of SV40 chromosomes with 1.5 M @entity1219 resulted in a decrease in the activity of the late promoter and a further increase in the activity of the early promoter so that the relative amounts of early and late RNA synthesized were similar to those for bare SV40 DNA templates. Late RNA synthesis from bare SV40 DNA templates was stimulated by high-speed supernatants prepared from nuclear extracts of SV40-infected cells but not from those of uninfected cells. Pretreatment of the supernatants with anti-T did not alter the result. Our findings indicate that the activity of the early and late SV40 promoters is regulated by at least two different mechanisms at the chromosomal level. One is mediated by a subclass of T Ag bound to SV40 chromosomes which represses early SV40 transcription but has no effect on late transcription. A second level of regulation, involving a tightly bound trans-acting chromosomal factor and a stable nucleoprotein structure, favors the late promoter over the early promoter by up to 10-fold.

title: Both trans-acting factors and chromatin structure are involved in the regulation of transcription from the early and late promoters in XXXX chromosomes.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity2235 :: (10633,Species) :: ['simian virus 40']


abstract: This study was designed to explore the relationship of sunlight exposure and ultraviolet (UV) light protection measures with clinical outcome in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). A structured questionnaire was administered to sixty Puerto Rican @entity1252 @entity1 , to assess their attitudes and behavior regarding sunlight exposure and photoprotection measures. Medical records were reviewed to evaluate the clinical outcome measures that included: clinical manifestations, number of @entity1252 -related hospitalizations, number of exacerbations and pharmacologic treatment. Almost all (98.3%) @entity1 were well acquainted of sunlight effects on disease activity. Two thirds were exposed to direct sunlight for an average of less than one hour per day and 33.3% for one hour or more. Thirty @entity1 (50%) reported use of sunscreen, with sun protective factor of 15 or greater, when exposed to sunlight. Less than 40% of @entity1 regularly wore hat or long-sleeves clothes to protect from sunlight. Although there were some clinical differences between the groups with different sunlight exposure times, none reached statistical significance. Also, no significant differences were found between the groups in regards to sunlight protective clothes. However, @entity1 that regularly used sunscreen had significantly lower renal involvement (13.3 vs 43.3%), @entity882 (13.3 vs 40%), hospitalizations (26.7 vs. 76.7%), and requirement of @entity786 treatment (6.7 vs. 30%) than @entity1 that did not used it (P < 0.05). We conclude that use of sunscreen photoprotection was associated with a better clinical outcome in our @entity1252 @entity1 . These findings further support the importance and benefits of photoprotective measures in @entity1 with @entity1252 .

title: Association of sunlight exposure and photoprotection measures with clinical outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The effect of smoking is in our days a serious global public health problem of major concern. Incidence of @entity957 (SCC) in cigarette smokers is four to seven times higher than in nonsmokers. There is a constant and direct attack of various cigarette smoke constituents on the oral epithelial cells, which gradually accumulate and cause malignant transformation. Saliva is the first biological fluid that encounters inhaled cigarette smoke (CS). We have studied the influence of CS on salivary antioxidant capacity, @entity414 , amylase and LDH ( @entity880 dehydrogenase). In our study both, gas and particulate phase of CS were tested separately, and possible antioxidant effect of @entity2764 on salivary components was examined. Our results indicate that exposure to both, gas and particulate phase of CS caused a statistically significant decrease in salivary @entity414 , LDH and amylase activity. We have also studied the effect of @entity620 (10 mg/dl) and @entity2245 (1 mM) during incubation of saliva in the presence of CS. The addition of @entity620 had a significant (p < 0.05) protective effect on salivary @entity414 level (0.25 +/- 0.12 for saliva incubated with gas phase of CS vs. 0.65 +/- 0.12 for saliva incubated with gas phase of CS in the presence of @entity620 ). @entity620 was not able to maintain/restore the original @entity414 level. In the presence of the gas phase, @entity2764 had no protective effect, neither on salivary @entity414 level nor on the FRAP activity of saliva. The purpose of our study was to discover a connection between the level of antioxidants in saliva in the presence of the two components of CS. Our results show that salivary antioxidant system is significantly and distinctly affected by both gas and particulate phase of CS and suggest that an adequate intake of antioxidants may help smokers to avoid CS-induced oxidative damage and to prevent @entity179 .

title: Effect of gas phase and particulate phase of cigarette smoke on salivary antioxidants. What can be the role of @entity620 and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity2764 :: ('MESH:D011736', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxine']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C', 'vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity2764 :: (MESH:D011736,Chemical) :: ['pyridoxine']


abstract: In @entity1 , rare non-synonymous variants in the planar cell polarity gene @entity13044 are associated with @entity601 ( @entity601 ). These variants were hypothesized to be pathogenic based mainly on genetic studies in a large cohort of NTD @entity1 . In this study, we validate the potential pathogenic effect of these mutations in vivo by investigating their effect on @entity346 in @entity3392 . Knocking down the expression of tri, the ortholog of @entity26626 , using an antisense morpholino (MO), as shown previously, led to a defective @entity346 ( @entity346 ) manifested by a shortened @entity2270 and widened somites. Co-injection of the @entity1 @entity13044 with the tri-MO was able to partially rescue the tri-MO induced phenotype in @entity3392 . In contrast, co-injection of two @entity1 @entity13044 variants, @entity26627 and @entity26628 , failed to rescue this phenotype. We next carried out overexpression studies where we measured the ability of the @entity1 @entity13044 alleles to induce a @entity346 phenotype when injected at high doses in @entity3392 embryos. While overexpressing the wild-type allele led to a severely defective @entity346 , overexpression of either @entity26627 or @entity26628 variant failed to do so. Results from both tri-MO knockdown/rescue results and overexpression assays suggest that these two variants most likely represent "loss-of-function" alleles that affect protein function during embryonic development. Our study demonstrates a high degree of functional conservation of VANGL genes across evolution and provides a model system for studying potential variants identified in @entity1 @entity601 .

title: VANGL1 rare variants associated with @entity601 affect @entity346 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26627 :: ('p|SUB|V|239|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Val239Ile']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity26628 :: ('p|SUB|M|328|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Met328Thr']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['CE', 'convergent extension']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine nasal airway function using a disease-specific quality-of-life survey instrument in subjects undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy without simultaneous rhinosurgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of nasal airway function in consecutive Le Fort I osteotomy @entity1 , who had not received simultaneous rhinosurgical procedures, between 2007 and 2008 at Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center. We administered the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) survey before and 3 months after surgery. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed, and the relevant medical and demographic factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The initial study sample comprised 55 @entity1 , of whom 5 were excluded. Of the remaining 50 @entity1 (median age 21 years, 60% @entity1 ), the maxilla was advanced (median 4 mm, interquartile range 3 to 5) with minimal vertical change. During the follow-up period (median 5.5 months), significant improvement was seen in the NOSE scores for the cohort, with a median decrease of 10 units (P = .0005). @entity1 with moderate @entity8968 (preoperative NOSE score >25) had the greatest improvement (P < .001). Those with severe @entity8968 (preoperative NOSE score >50) improved, however, this did not reach statistical significance (P < .0625). The NOSE scores worsened in 10 @entity1 ; of these, 6 had minimal change. However, 4 had significant worsening, with 2 having symptomatic complaints. No predictor variables were identified in this small subgroup; however, individual case analyses revealed 1 subject with postoperative turbinate @entity32 on the side of maxillary segmentalization and 1 had nasal septal buckling. CONCLUSIONS: Our overall findings have suggested that nasal airway function improved after maxillary advancement and that subjects with greater preoperative NOSE scores (>25) were more likely to experience relief of nasal obstructive symptoms.

title: Nasal airway function after maxillary surgery: a prospective cohort study using the XXXX symptom evaluation scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity8968 :: (MESH:D015508,Disease) :: ['nasal obstruction']


abstract: Antibodies that recognize @entity1238 class II molecules have been developed. Mouse monoclonal antibodies were prepared by immunizing BALB/c @entity19 with frog MHC antigens that had been partially purified with alloantisera, and by immunizing @entity19 spleen cells in vitro with activated @entity1238 T lymphocytes. In addition, five mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity1 class II antigens were found to cross-react with @entity1238 class II antigens. A.TH @entity19 , which do not express E class II molecules, always produce immunoprecipitating antibodies reactive with frog class II molecules after immunization with frog lymphocytes; other @entity19 strains rarely produce such antibodies. Two of the monoclonal antibodies raised against frog class II molecules recognize the denatured class II beta chain on Western blots, and the other three appear to recognize only the class II heterodimeric complex. The antibodies display differential reactivity with the allelic class II products of @entity1238 . The monoclonal antibodies react with all adult lymphocytes in the spleen and peripheral blood, T cells and B cells having equivalent levels of class II antigens per cell. Class II molecules are "differentiation antigens" on adult thymocytes as the expression is greatest on the mature medullary population. The number of class II molecules/lymphocyte increases after culturing in medium containing fetal bovine serum. Sequential immunoprecipitation and isoelectric focusing experiments have shown that cell surface class II molecules immunoprecipitated with the monoclonal antibodies are the same as those immunoprecipitated with the cross-reactive antiserum specific for DR antigens which was previously used to identify frog class II molecules.

title: Evolution of the MHC: antigenicity and unusual tissue distribution of XXXX (frog) class II molecules.

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: A better understanding of the conformational changes exhibited by intrinsically disordered proteins is necessary as we continue to unravel their myriad biological functions. In repeats in toxin (RTX) domains, @entity460 binding triggers the natively unstructured domain to adopt a beta roll structure. Here we present an in vitro Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based method for the investigation of the conformational behavior of an RTX domain from the @entity7320 adenylate cyclase consisting of nine repeat units. Equilibrium and stopped-flow FRET between fluorescent proteins, attached to the termini of the domain, were measured in an analysis of the end-to-end distance changes in the RTX domain. The method was complemented with circular dichroism spectroscopy, @entity2340 fluorescence, and bis-ANS dye binding. High ionic strength was observed to decrease the @entity460 affinity of the RTX domain. A truncation and single @entity535 mutations yielded insights into the structural determinants of beta roll formation. Mutating the conserved @entity2574 residue in one of the nine repeats significantly reduced the affinity of the domains for @entity460 ions. Removal of the sequences flanking the repeat domain prevented folding, but replacing them with fluorescent proteins restored the conformational behavior, suggesting an entropic stabilization. The FRET-based method is a useful technique that complements other low-resolution techniques for investigating the dynamic conformational behavior of the RTX domain and other intrinsically disordered protein domains.

title: A FRET-based method for probing the conformational behavior of an intrinsically disordered repeat domain from XXXX adenylate cyclase.

entities_list: @entity7320 :: ('520', 'Species') :: ['Bordetella pertussis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity7320 :: (520,Species) :: ['Bordetella pertussis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) use among family practice @entity1 and the proportions of @entity1 using @entity1281 for primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, self-reported, waiting room questionnaire. SETTING: Two family medicine clinics in Alberta. @entity1 : @entity1 50 years of age and older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall prevalence of @entity1281 use, proportion of @entity1281 use for primary or secondary cardiovascular prevention, @entity1281 use by @entity1 age and sex, the proportion of @entity1 who initiated @entity1281 therapy on the advice of a physician, adverse events, and @entity1 beliefs about @entity1281 therapy. RESULTS: A total of 807 @entity1 completed the questionnaire; the response rate was 89.1%. Overall, 39.8% of @entity1 reported taking @entity1281 regularly. Of those who took @entity1281 , 87.0% did so for cardiovascular prevention (53.1% for primary prevention and 46.9% for secondary prevention). Of @entity1 taking @entity1281 for primary prevention, 62.8% did so upon the advice of their family physicians. @entity1 who took @entity1281 believed that the benefits of taking @entity1281 outweighed the risks; those who did not take @entity1281 were unsure of the benefit-to-risk profile. CONCLUSION: Many family practice @entity1 take @entity1281 , and more than half of those taking @entity1281 take it for primary cardiovascular prevention. Family physicians appear to have an influence on @entity1 ' decisions to take @entity1281 . Educating family physicians and @entity1 about the potential benefits and risks of @entity1281 therapy would help promote the use of @entity1281 in those who might receive the greatest overall benefit.

title: Family practice XXXX ' use of @entity117 for cardiovascular disease prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']