abstract: A 28-year-old @entity1 with solitary nodular shadows in both lungs was admitted. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was accelerated, with elevation of the serum @entity6307 values, and the tuberculin reaction was strongly positive. The X-Ray film of the chest revealed symmetrical and bilateral nodular shadow in both lung apices. Both nodular lesions revealed a tendency to grow, pleural indentation and spiculated margins. Moreover, the tomogram film showed convergence of the pulmonary vein branch in the central part of the left apex nodule. Since it was extremely difficult to distinguish these lesions from malignant nodules based on just radiographic findings, an exploratory thoracotomy was carried out. The histologic diagnosis of both nodules was @entity6551 . Currently, the radiologic criteria used to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions are assessment of size, contour, absence or presence of @entity5 growing tendency by serial radiographs, calcification as well as the relation between the lesion with the pulmonary vasculature. It was concluded that, as was shown by this case, the radiographic criteria appear to be insufficient to categorize the nature of a lesion into benign or malignant. Consequently, more reliable non-invasive techniques would be desirable for the accurate diagnosis of @entity378 .

title: [A case of symmetrical and bilateral XXXX of both lung apices].

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity6551 :: (MESH:D014375,Disease) :: ['tuberculoma']


abstract: @entity23224 (L1) has been given daily for 1-15 months to 13 transfusion dependent @entity68 loaded @entity1 . No significant change occurred in liver, renal or cardiac function, ECG and radionucleotide angiocardiogram, in audiometry tests and in visual function and electrical retinography. No @entity1910 , @entity344 and no neurological changes that could be detected clinically were observed. Two of the @entity1 died of their underlying diseases. One @entity1 had severe @entity299 before receiving L1 and died of @entity712 with @entity281 5 weeks after stopping a 2-month course of L1. The other, a @entity1 with @entity2590 suffered recurring @entity281 due to progression of the disease. Joint and @entity925 occurred in five @entity1 . In two these disappeared despite continuing the drug; another @entity1 developed swollen @entity3681 which gradually resolved on stopping L1 therapy; a @entity1 with underlying @entity571 complained of mild @entity158 and stiffness in her knees which remained intermittent both on and off the drug while in the fifth @entity1 peripheral small joint swelling and @entity158 present before starting L1 improved with L1 therapy. One @entity1 , with Blackfan Diamond @entity417 , developed a Lw red cell antibody 6 months after commencing L1. This disappeared on stopping the drug and did not reappear. She then developed severe @entity3028 and @entity882 6 weeks after recommencing L1 after 3 months discontinuation of the drug. No other @entity1 showed a change in granulocyte or platelet count.

title: Long-term trial with the oral XXXX chelator @entity23224 (L1). II. Clinical observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity23224 :: ('MESH:C044919', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-Dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pains']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: The aim of this study is to analyse short- and long-term results after surgical treatment of foramen magnum @entity1653 and to identify the possible advantages of the posterior suboccipital approach over lateral and anterior approaches. Between 1992 and 2006, 16 @entity1 with foramen magnum @entity1653 were operated on in our institution, and in all cases a posterior suboccipital approach was utilised with lateral extension of the bone opening according to the position of the @entity5 . In 14 @entity1 , intraoperative monitoring of the lower cranial nerves was performed. Localisation of the @entity5 was ventral (3), ventrolateral (10), dorsal (1) and dorsolateral (2). Mean age of the @entity1 was 61 years (ranging from 40 to 85 years). Preoperative and postoperative function was classified according to the McCormick scale. We found in eight @entity1 a postoperative upgrading of at least one grade, in five @entity1 an unchanged status and a deterioration in only two @entity1 . @entity5 was possible in 14 cases (Simpson 1-2). The follow-up period varied from 24 to 119 months (mean 43.5 months), during this time there were no recurrences. Removal of foramen magnum @entity1653 can be performed safely today with the use of microsurgical techniques and intraoperative monitoring. In our experience, the posterior suboccipital approach is suitable for the majority of these @entity5 .

title: Foramen magnum XXXX --experience with the posterior suboccipital approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Complete removal of the tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: @entity808 are benign usually encapsulated @entity4847 derived from the Schwann cells. These @entity5 commonly arise from the cranial nerves as @entity5513 but they are extremely rare in the pelvis and the retroperitoneal area (less than 0.5% of reported cases), unless they are combined with von Recklinghausen disease (type 1 @entity4786 ). We report the case of a 58-year-old female with pelvic @entity808 , 6.5   5.5 cm in size, in the right parametrium. This is the first case reported in the literature. Based on the rarity of this @entity5 and in order to ensure optimum treatment and survival for our @entity1 , we performed laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy and en-block @entity5 excision. A frozen section was taken during the surgery before complete resection of the mass, which was ambiguous. Because of the possibility of @entity5 , complete excision of the mass was performed, with pelvic blunt dissection. Histological examination showed a benign @entity5 , originating from the cells of peripheral nerve sheaths; diagnosis was a @entity808 . There were degenerative areas, including @entity528 , hemorrhagic infiltrations, ischemic foci with pycnotic cells, and collagen replacement. @entity530 are rare neoplasms that can be misdiagnosed. Laparoscopy is a safe and efficient option for @entity530 and might offer the advantage of better visualization of structures due to the magnification in laparoscopic view, especially in narrow anatomic spaces.

title: XXXX in the right parametrium.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'Neurilemomas']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic schwannomas', 'approaching benign pelvic tumors']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['nerve sheath tumors']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cystic degeneration']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['Pelvic schwannoma']


abstract: Whether the best option for the emergency treatment of major forearm @entity455 is @entity254 or ligation is still debated in the literature. The choice may be influenced by the resulting long-term musculoskeletal changes relating to vessel patency and the surgical procedure used. Fifty-three @entity1 who had undergone emergency surgery involving arterial microanastomoses for lesions affecting one or more major forearm arteries (with a preserved distal circulation) were reassessed in terms of @entity254 patency at the end of a long-term follow-up, using arterial plethysmography, eco-color Doppler, and magnetic resonance angiography. In a subset of 40 @entity1 , changes in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and lean mass of the affected limb were compared with the contralateral healthy limb and correlated with vessel patency and severity of @entity130 , using peripheral quantitative computed tomography and dual X-ray absorptiometry. Functional performance was also tested with a dynamometer by means of the hand-grip test. At long-term reassessment, 75% of the microanastomosed vessels were patent. @entity79 showed @entity73 at and around the site of the lesion (Delta: -6%, P < 0.001) and distally thereto (Delta: -3%, P < 0.05), which correlated with @entity432 and @entity130 severity. The @entity174 risk consequently also increased. There was evidence of a significant loss of lean mass ( P < 0.01) and muscle strength in the affected limb, especially in cases of occlusion of a major vessel. Given the satisfactory outcome of the anastomotic procedures as opposed to the greater loss of bone mass, muscular mass, and strength in @entity1 who had undergone arterial ligation, we suggest that @entity254 is always preferable to ligation, even in emergencies. Anastomosis enables overall limb function to be better preserved (both in the vicinity of the lesion and distally).

title: Traumatic musculoskeletal changes in forearm and hand after emergency vascular XXXX or ligation.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['significant impairments']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vessel occlusion']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: A multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial was performed comparing the efficacy of a single intratracheal dose of modified @entity291 surfactant extract (Survanta, 100 mg/kg, Abbott Laboratory, North Chicago, IL) with air placebo in preventing @entity649 . @entity1 were enrolled if they were estimated to be between 24 and 30 weeks' gestation, weighed between 750 and 1250 g, and were intubated and stabilized within 15 minutes after birth. A total of 160 @entity1 were treated (79 with surfactant, 81 with air placebo) between 4 and 37 minutes after birth (median time 12 minutes). Of these, 5 @entity1 were excluded from the final analysis. The 72-hour average values for the arterial-alveolar @entity26 ratio, fraction of inspired @entity26 , and mean airway pressure were calculated from the area under the curve of scheduled values measured throughout 72 hours. Clinical status was classified using five ordered categories (no supplemental @entity26 or assisted ventilation, supplemental @entity26 only, continuous positive airway pressure or assisted ventilation with intermittent mandatory ventilation less than or equal to 6 breaths/min, assisted ventilation with intermittent mandatory ventilation greater than 6 breaths/min, death). Chest radiographs at 24 hours were graded for severity of @entity649 . @entity1 receiving Survanta had less severe radiographic changes at 24 hours of age and decreased average fraction of inspired @entity26 (31% vs 42%, P = .002) compared with control @entity1 . No differences were noted in the average arterial-alveolar @entity26 ratio, mean airway pressure, or clinical status on days 7 and 28. A beneficial effect was noted in the incidence of pneumothorax (P = .057) and an increase was noted in the incidence of @entity3166 (P = .052). No differences in incidence of @entity2461 , @entity548 , @entity295 , or @entity2107 were seen. According to results of a secondary analysis, there was improvement in the fraction of inspired @entity26 and a greater number of survivors without @entity2107 in the subgroup of @entity1 weighing less than 1000 g who were treated with surfactant. It was concluded that a single dose of Survanta given shortly after birth resulted in decreased severity of chest radiographic findings 24 hours after treatment and improved oxygenation during 72 hours after treatment, but did not improve other acute measures of disease severity or clinical status later in the neonatal period. The group at highest risk for @entity649 ( @entity1 with birth weights between 750 and 999 g) may benefit the most from preventive therapy.

title: Multicenter trial of single-dose modified @entity291 surfactant extract (Survanta) for prevention of XXXX . Ross Collaborative Surfactant Prevention Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: @entity3102 , an antifungal agent, inhibits in vitro C17-C20 lyase, an enzyme involved in @entity342 biosynthesis. Since adrenal and ovarian @entity3800 are the main precursors of @entity2931 in postmenopausal @entity1 , the endocrine and therapeutic effects of high dose @entity3102 (400 mg three times a day) were evaluated in 14 postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity251 levels were suppressed significantly (37%, P less than 0.025), as was @entity2990 , and @entity2671 levels showed a similar but non-significant fall. Seventeen @entity35829 levels rose significantly, as would be expected if C17-C20 lyase was inhibited. There was no suppression of @entity701 or @entity7042 levels. There was a small suppression of @entity53 concentrations, reflecting a decrease in its precursor, @entity251 . @entity443 levels rose, which may be due to a decrease in @entity251 . All the changes are compatible with C17-C20 lyase as a major site of action in vivo. No responses occurred in 12 @entity1 treated with @entity3102 alone, but in 2 @entity1 who were progressing on @entity6239 , @entity251 levels were suppressed and in one @entity1 a partial response occurred. @entity3102 was poorly tolerated due to @entity344 . This study shows that C17-C20 lyase is a potential target for hormone therapy, and that sequential blockade of enzymes involved in @entity2931 biosynthesis should be further evaluated.

title: High dose XXXX : endocrine and therapeutic effects in postmenopausal @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2990 :: ('CHEBI:16814', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens', 'oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity35829 :: ('CHEBI:17252', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7042 :: ('CHEBI:17263', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['Sex hormone binding globulin']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']


abstract: Limited data directly characterize the dynamic evolution of brain activity associated with motor learning after @entity64 . The current study considered whether sequence-specific motor skill learning or increasing non-specific use of the hemiparetic upper extremity drive functional reorganization of the contralesional motor cortex after @entity64 . Eighteen individuals with chronic @entity2500 practiced one of two novel motor tasks; a retention test occurred on a separate fifth day. Using the hemiparetic arm, @entity1 performed a serial targeting task during two functional MRI scans (day one and retention). @entity1 were randomized into either a task-specific group, who completed three additional sessions of serial targeting practice, or a general arm use group, who underwent three training sessions of increased but non-task specific use of the hemiparetic arm. Both groups performed a repeated sequence of responses that may be learned, and random sequences of movement, which cannot be learned. Change in reaction and movement time for the repeated sequence indexed motor learning; shifts in the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) within primary motor cortex (M1) for repeated and random sequences illustrated training effects on brain activity. Task-specific practice of the repeated sequence facilitated motor learning and shifted the @entity894 for M1 as shown by a reduced volume of contralesional cortical activity. Random sequence performance did not stimulate motor learning or alter the @entity894 within the task-specific training group. Further, between-group comparisons showed that increasing general arm use did not induce motor learning or alter brain activity for either random or repeated sequences. Motor skill learning of a repeated sequence altered cortical activation by inducing a more normal, contralateral pattern of brain activation. Our data suggest that task-specific motor learning may be an important stimulant for neuroplastic change and can remediate maladaptive patterns of brain activity after @entity64 .

title: Motor learning after XXXX : is skill acquisition a prerequisite for contralesional neuroplastic change?

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery stroke']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['laterality index', 'LI']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) on attention in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity7541 has shown to improve apathy in @entity195 , and both apathy and attention have been related to dopaminergic function. The goal was to investigate @entity7541 effects on attention in @entity195 and assess the relationship between attention and apathy responses. METHODS: @entity7541 (10 mg PO twice daily) or placebo was administered for six weeks in a randomized, double-blind trial in mild-to-moderate @entity195 outpatients with apathy (Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) Apathy >=  4). Attention was measured with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Digit Span (DS) subtest (DS forward, selective attention) and apathy with the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). A mixed effects linear regression estimated the difference in change from baseline between treatment groups, defined as    ( @entity7541 (DS week 6-DS baseline)) - (placebo (DS week 6-DS baseline)). RESULTS: In 60 @entity1 (37 females, age = 76    8, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) = 20    5, NPI Apathy = 7    2), the change in DS forward (   = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.06-1.68), p = 0.03) and DS total (   = 1.01 (95% CI: 0.09-1.93), p = 0.03) favored @entity7541 over placebo. Of 57 completers, 17 @entity1 had improved apathy (>= 3.3 points on the AES from baseline to end point) and 40 did not. There were no significant associations between AES and NPI Apathy with DS change scores in the @entity7541 , placebo, AES responder, or non-responder groups. DS scores did not predict apathy response to @entity7541 treatment. CONCLUSION: These results suggest @entity7541 can improve attention and apathy in @entity195 ; however, the effects appear independent in this population.

title: Effect of @entity2727 on attention in apathetic @entity195 XXXX in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report the karyotypic analysis of seven testicular and one @entity43 ( @entity2971 ) cell lines, a number of which have previously been partially investigated. An i(12p) was found in each of the @entity2969 cell lines, while it was absent in the ovarian @entity2971 cell line. Thus, our study extends to cell lines the observation from fresh @entity5 tissues that i(12p) is a highly nonrandom chromosomal abnormality of @entity2969 . Additional consistent nonrandom abnormalities in the @entity2969 cell lines included the following: del(1)( @entity9822 ), @entity28166 ), i(1q), del(7)(q11.2), and del(12)(q14). The del(12)(q14) abnormality was identified in five of the cell lines investigated. This observation, together with previous detection of this marker chromosome in fresh @entity5 specimens by us and others, suggests that loss of genetic material on 12q may represent a primary change associated with malignant transformation of testicular germ cells. As reported in a previous study, a t(15;20)( @entity1354 ;q11) translocation was identified in the ovarian @entity2971 cell line. Interestingly, it also was seen in one @entity2969 cell line. In addition, a der(15)t(15;20)( @entity1354 ;q11) marker chromosome was identified in two other @entity2969 cell lines. Thus, this reinvestigation of @entity2971 cell lines has resolved the discrepancy regarding the occurrence of @entity5 versus established cell lines and identified additional nonrandom abnormalities of potential importance to the development of GCTs.

title: Nonrandom chromosome abnormalities in testicular and XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'i(12p) in fresh tumors']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['testicular GCT']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian germ cell tumor']


abstract: To assess the disease activity of @entity2012 in @entity1 , we measured the changes in serum @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) levels during oral @entity413 tolerance test and the basal serum levels of @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ) in 29 acromegalic @entity1 and 30 health @entity1 served as normal controls. Based on the clinical and laboratory criteria, @entity2012 was in an active state of disease in 18 @entity1 and was inactive in the other 11 patients. Basal serum @entity442 levels were 177+/-116 ng/ml (mean+/-SD), 250+/-135 ng/ml and 810+/-297 ng/ml in the normal subjects, the inactive and active acromegalic @entity1 , respectively. Basal serum @entity2301 levels were 1.71+/-1.29 microg/ml, 2.98+/-0.96 microg/ml and 6.82+/-1.31 microg/ml in the normal controls, the inactive and active acromegalic patients, respectively. Serum levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 significantly correlated with each other in the normal subjects as well as the @entity1 . Both @entity442 and @entity2301 levels were significantly higher in the group of @entity1 with active @entity2012 than inactive acromegalic @entity1 and the normal subjects but there was not statistically difference between the normal controls and the inactive acromegalics. While serum @entity442 levels presented considerable overlapping instances among the three groups, the serum @entity2301 of inactive @entity1 and the normal controls could rarely reach 4.44 ng/ml, the lowest value of the active acromegalics. The serum @entity442 and @entity2301 levels declined with increased age in normal controls, but not in the @entity1 with @entity2012 . There was no sex predilection of serum @entity442 and @entity2301 found in our study. The results of this study indicated that the serum @entity2301 level is an important laboratory parameter for assessing @entity2124 function in @entity1 , and might be a more reliable discrimination for the disease activity of @entity2012 than the serum @entity442 is.

title: Serum @entity442 and XXXX levels for the assessment of disease activity of @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2301 :: (3486,Gene) :: ['IGFBP-3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Undiagnosed @entity1 with the attenuated form of @entity1646 ( @entity1646 ) type I often have joint symptoms in childhood that prompt referral to a rheumatologist. A survey conducted by Genzyme Corporation of 60 European and Canadian rheumatologists and pediatric rheumatologists demonstrated that < 20% recognized signs and symptoms of @entity12751 or could identify appropriate diagnosis tests. These results prompted formation of an international working group of rheumatologists, pediatric rheumatologists, and experts on @entity12751 to formulate a rheumatology-based diagnostic algorithm. The resulting algorithm applies to all @entity74 with musculoskeletal manifestations.Bone and joint manifestations are prominent among most @entity1 with @entity74 . These life-threatening @entity2315 are caused by deficient activity of specific enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. @entity1 with @entity536 often experience diagnostic delays. Enzyme replacement therapy is now commercially available for @entity12751 (laronidase), @entity1646 II (idursulfase), and @entity22608 (galsulfase). PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS: Evolving @entity158 and @entity1159 in the absence of @entity32 should always raise the suspicion of an @entity74 . All such @entity1 should undergo urinary glycosaminoglycan (uGAG) analysis (not spot tests for screening) in a reputable laboratory. Elevated uGAG levels and/or an abnormal uGAG pattern confirms an @entity74 and specific enzyme testing will determine the @entity1646 type. If uGAG analysis is unavailable and the @entity1 exhibits any other common sign or symptom of an @entity74 , such as corneal clouding, history of @entity547 surgery, frequent @entity1729 ; @entity923 , or heart murmur, proceed directly to enzymatic testing. Refer @entity1 with confirmed @entity1646 to a geneticist or metabolic specialist for further evaluation and treatment. TESTING OF THE HYPOTHESIS: We propose that rheumatologists, pediatric rheumatologists, and orthopedists consider our diagnostic algorithm when evaluating @entity1 with @entity158 and @entity1159 . IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS: @entity1 and young adults can suffer for years and sometimes even decades with unrecognized @entity1646 . Rheumatologists may facilitate early diagnosis of @entity1646 based on the presenting signs and symptoms, followed by appropriate testing. Early diagnosis helps ensure prompt and appropriate treatment for these progressive and debilitating diseases.

title: @entity1159 in the absence of XXXX may indicate @entity1646 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage diseases']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated MPS disease']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis', 'MPS']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['MPS disorders', 'MPS disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory and/or ear, nose and throat infections']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of zirconia implants under immediate loading compared with delayed loading in @entity235 over 30-90  days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tooth extractions were made for the subsequent placement of dental implants at premolars P2, P3, P4 and molars M1 bilaterally in the @entity235 mandible. Forty eight zirconia implants, 4  mm in diameter and 10  mm in length, were inserted, whose neck and body surfaces had been treated with femtosecond laser texturing; 24 implants were loaded immediately and 24 remained unloaded during the osseointegration period. Final radiographs were taken recording stability values before sacrifice at 30 or 90  days when sample removal for histological and histomorphometric analysis was performed. Bone-to-implant contact, crestal @entity604 and implant stability were evaluated at these two study times. RESULTS: Bone-to-implant contact values after 30  days were 38.9% for immediately loaded implants and 32% for non-loaded implants. After 90  days, values increased to 65% for immediately loaded and 57.6% for non-loaded implants. After 30  days, there was more crestal bone lost in the non-loaded group (0.58      0.28  mm) compared with the immediately loaded group (0.5      0.3  mm). After 90  days, there was improved stability in both groups, but was lower in the immediately loaded group (0.5      0.23  mm) compared with the non-loaded group (0.56      0.28  mm). Initial implant stability values were -3.5 @entity343 at the moment of implant placement. Stability values after the first 30  days were -4 for immediately loaded implants and -3 for non-loaded. At 90  days, non-loaded implants showed -4.9, whereas immediately loaded showed -7.1. CONCLUSIONS: For the different parameters studied, zirconia implants treated with femtosecond laser and subjected to immediate loading showed better results compared with non-loaded implants in terms of @entity11899 , crestal @entity604 and implant stability.

title: Histological, radiological and histomorphometric evaluation of immediate vs. non-immediate loading of a zirconia implant with surface treatment in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Unfolding of the gene expression program that converts precursor cells to their terminally differentiated counterparts is critically dependent on the nucleosome-remodeling activity of the @entity1 SWI/SNF complex. The complex can be powered by either of two alternative ATPases, BRM or @entity23423 . @entity23423 is critical for development and the activation of tissue specific genes and is found in two major stable configurations. The complex of @entity23423 -associated factors termed @entity27044 is the originally characterized form of @entity1 SWI/SNF. A more recently recognized configuration shares many of the same subunits but is termed PBAF in recognition of a unique subunit, the polybromo protein ( @entity16166 ). Two other unique subunits, @entity27045 and @entity19689 , are also diagnostic of PBAF. PBAF plays an essential role in development, apparent from the embryonic lethality of Pbmr1-null @entity19 , but very little is known about the role of PBAF, or its signature subunits, in tissue-specific gene expression in individual differentiation programs. Osteoblast differentiation is an attractive model for tissue-specific gene expression because the process is highly regulated and remains tightly synchronized over a period of several weeks. This model was used here, with a stable shRNA-mediated depletion approach, to examine the role of the signature PBAF subunit, @entity19689 , during differentiation. This analysis identifies a critical role for @entity19689 -containing complexes in promoting osteoblast differentiation and supports a view that the PBAF subset of SWI/SNF contributes importantly to maintaining cellular identity and activating tissue-specific gene expression.

title: Essential role of XXXX protein-containing SWI/SNF complex in tissue-specific gene expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity19689 :: (196528,Gene) :: ['ARID2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity161 is a core symptom of this disease. The computerized CogState Battery ( @entity19217 ) has been used to detect seven of the most common cognitive domains in @entity161 . The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the @entity19217 ( @entity19217 ), in Chinese @entity1 with @entity161 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Sixty Chinese @entity1 with @entity161 and 58 age, sex, and education matched healthy controls were enrolled. All subjects completed the @entity19217 and the Repeated Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). To examine the test-retest reliability of @entity19217 , we tested 33 healthy controls twice, at a one month interval. The Cronbach a value of @entity19217 in @entity1 was 0.81. The test-retest correlation coefficients of the Two Back Task, Gronton Maze Learning Task, Social Emotional Cognition Task, and Continuous Paired Association Learning Task were between 0.39 and 0.62 (p<0.01) in healthy controls. The composite scores and all subscores for the @entity19217 in @entity1 were significantly (p<0.01) lower than those of healthy controls. Furthermore, composite scores for @entity1 on the RBANS were also significantly lower than those of healthy controls. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation (r = 0.544, p<0.001) between the composite scores on @entity19217 and RBANS for @entity1 . Additionally, in the attention and memory cognitive domains, corresponding subsets from the two batteries correlated significantly (p<0.05). Moreover, factor analysis showed a two-factor model, consisting of speed, memory and reasoning. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The @entity19217 shows good reliability and validity in measuring the broad cognitive domains of @entity161 in affected Chinese @entity1 . Therefore, the @entity19217 can be used as a cognitive battery, to assess the therapeutic effects of potential cognitive-enhancing agents in this cohort.

title: Reliability and validity of the CogState battery Chinese language version in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background Advanced @entity262 comprises @entity1583 that are associated with a poor prognosis and lack effective treatment options. The multikinase inhibitor @entity25293 inhibits KIT @entity5311 , a primary driver of disease pathogenesis. Methods We conducted an open-label study of oral @entity25293 at a dose of 100 mg twice daily in 116 @entity1 , of whom 89 with @entity5310 -related organ damage were eligible for inclusion in the primary efficacy population; 16 had aggressive @entity262 , 57 had @entity262 with an associated @entity1583 , and 16 had @entity17587 . The primary outcome was the best overall response. Results The overall response rate was 60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49 to 70); 45% of the @entity1 had a major response, which was defined as complete resolution of at least one type of @entity5310 -related organ damage. Response rates were similar regardless of the subtype of advanced @entity262 , KIT mutation status, or exposure to previous therapy. The median best percentage changes in bone marrow mast-cell burden and serum tryptase level were -59% and -58%, respectively. The median overall survival was 28.7 months, and the median progression-free survival was 14.1 months. Among the 16 @entity1 with @entity17587 , the median overall survival was 9.4 months (95% CI, 7.5 to not estimated). Dose reduction owing to toxic effects occurred in 56% of the @entity1 ; re-escalation to the starting dose was feasible in 32% of those @entity1 . The most frequent adverse events were low-grade @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity294 . New or worsening grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 , @entity417 , and @entity882 occurred in 24%, 41%, and 29% of the @entity1 , respectively, mostly in those with preexisting @entity1503 . Conclusions In this open-label study, @entity25293 showed efficacy in @entity1 with advanced @entity262 , including the highly fatal variant @entity17587 . (Funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00782067 .).

title: Efficacy and Safety of @entity25293 in Advanced XXXX Mastocytosis.

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity17587 :: ('MESH:D007946', 'Disease') :: ['mast-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity25293 :: ('MESH:C059539', 'Chemical') :: ['midostaurin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['rare hematologic neoplasms', 'hematologic neoplasm']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['Systemic']


abstract: The effects of @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) on the in vitro development of @entity742 embryos cocultured with @entity742 oviduct epithelial cells (SOEC) or cultured in medium alone were investigated. The in vitro development was evaluated after culture in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) medium to Day 6, and then the viability of some of the morula/blastocyst stage embryos was assessed by transfer into recipient ewes. In Experiment 1, @entity742 embryos were cultured from Day 2 to Day 6 in SOF containing 0 or 1 mM @entity7647 with or without (SOEC) support in a 2 x 2 factorial design. An interaction was found between the effects of @entity7647 and SOEC (P<0.001). The addition of @entity7647 increased blastocyst formation (6%, 2 36 vs 35%, 11 31 ) and the rate of pregnancy (50%, 4 8 vs 100%, 5 5 ) when the embryos were cultured in medium alone, but had no beneficial effect in the presence of SOEC. In Experiments 2 and 3, @entity742 embryos were cultured from Day 1 to Day 6 in SOF supplemented with 1 mM @entity7647 , with 1 mM @entity15706 or without supplementation (control). In Experiment 2, no other @entity1522 were added, but in Experiment 3 SOF was supplemented with 19 other @entity1522 . In Experiment 2, when @entity7647 was the only @entity535 , the rate of blastocyst formation was increased by the addition of @entity7647 (24%, 8 35 ), but @entity15706 caused no increase in blastocyst formation (3%, 1 34 ) compared to the control group (6%, 2 34 ). In Experiment 3, when 19 other @entity1522 were added, neither @entity7647 nor @entity15706 affected the rate of blastocyst formation or the subsequent development of embryos in recipient ewes. These results showed that @entity7647 , when used as a single @entity535 , has a beneficial effect on the development of @entity742 embryos in serum free culture without somatic cells. The data suggest that @entity7647 is used as a source of @entity1472 groups rather than as a source of energy since no beneficial effects were found when its deaminated @entity505 skeleton ( @entity15706 ) was used or when other @entity1522 were present.

title: The effect of @entity1160 on the development of XXXX embryos in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-ketoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Renal transplant is the best treatment for @entity1 with chronical @entity8 however acute graft rejection is the major impediment to success in renal transplantation leading to loss of the organ the first year after transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify plasma proteins that may be early biomarkers of acute rejection of renal allograft, developing a diagnostic model that avoids the loss of the transplanted organ. Shotgun proteomics (LC-MS/MS) method was used to analyze a set of thirty-one plasma samples, including 06 from @entity1 with acute graft rejection after transplantation (rejection group/Rej-group) and twenty-five from renal transplant @entity1 with stable renal graft function (control group/Ct-group). As results nineteen proteins were upregulated in the rejection group compared to the control group, and two proteins were downregulated; and three were present exclusively in the rejection group. After analysis, we selected four proteins that were related to the acute phase response and that were strongly associated with each other: they are @entity6417 ( @entity6417 ), @entity7426 ( @entity7426 ), serum amyloid A ( @entity5475 ) and apolipoprotein CIII ( @entity12436 ). We think that simultaneous monitoring of @entity5475 and @entity12436 can provide insights into a broad profile of signaling proteins and is highly valuable for the early detection of a possible acute renal graft rejection. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: In this study we did plasma shotgun @entity1 with and without acute rejection of renal allograft. In a clinical setting an acute rejection is typically suspected upon an increase in plasma @entity1011 and renal biopsy. But these methods are late and unspecific; sometimes the rejection process is already advanced when there is an increase in serum @entity1011 . Therefore, it is necessary to find proteins that can predict the allograft rejection process. In our study were able to identify changes in the concentration of plasma protein belonging to a network of protein interaction processes the acute phase response. We believe, therefore, that development of a routine diagnosis of these proteins can detect early acute rejection of renal allograft process, thus preventing its loss.

title: Plasma proteomics for the assessment of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal transplant rejection']


abstract: The authors here describe manual small incision @entity231 surgery (MSICS) by using topical anesthesia with intracameral 0.5% @entity3303 , which eliminates the hazards of local anesthesia, cuts down cost and time taken for the administration of local anesthesia. AIMS: To evaluate the @entity1 ' and surgeons' experience in MSICS using topical anesthesia with intracameral @entity3303 in terms of @entity158 , and outcome. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 of senile @entity231 were operated by MSICS under topical anesthesia with intracameral @entity3303 using "fish hook technique." The @entity1 and the single operating surgeon were given a questionnaire to evaluate their experience in terms of @entity158 , surgical experience, and complications. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis software "Analyseit." RESULTS: There were 96 @entity1 enrolled in the study. The mean @entity158 score was 0.7 (SD +/- 0.97, range 0-5, median 0.0, and mode 0.0). Fifty-one @entity1 (53%) had @entity158 score of zero, that is, no @entity158 . Ninety-one @entity1 (approximately 95%) had a score of less than 3, that is, mild @entity158 to none. All the surgeries were complication-free except one and the surgeon's experience was favorable in terms of @entity1 's cooperation, anterior chamber stability, difficulty, and complications. The ocular movements were not affected, and hence, the eye patch could be removed immediately following the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: MSICS can be performed under topical anesthesia with intracameral @entity3303 , which makes the surgery @entity1 friendly, without compromising the outcome.

title: Manual small incision XXXX surgery under topical anesthesia with intracameral @entity3303 : study on @entity158 evaluation and surgical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain, surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity612 and @entity179 share many symptoms and the same treatment, but their causes remain unclear. Bone mineral density has been suggested to play a role. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in spinal bone density between @entity612 and @entity179 @entity1 . 81 @entity1 older than 60 years, who underwent DXA-scanning of their lumbar spine one year after a lumbar spinal fusion procedure, were included. Radiographs were assessed for disc height, @entity13949 , and @entity28489 . @entity158 was assessed using the Low Back @entity158 Rating @entity158 index. T-score of the lumbar spine was significantly lower among @entity179 @entity1 compared with @entity612 @entity1 (-1.52 versus -0.52, P = 0.04). Thirty-nine percent of @entity179 @entity1 were classified as @entity3604 and further 30% @entity6092 compared to only 9% of @entity612 @entity1 being @entity3604 and 30% @entity6092 (P = 0.01). @entity158 levels tended to increase with poorer bone status (P = 0.06). @entity1 treated surgically for symptomatic @entity179 have much lower bone mass than @entity1 of similar age treated surgically for @entity612 . Low BMD might play a role in the development of the @entity179 , further studies are needed to clarify this.

title: @entity179 is associated with low spinal bone density: a comparative study between XXXX and @entity179 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis', 'Spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity28489 :: ('MESH:D013128', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytosis']

entities_list: @entity13949 :: ('MESH:C537350', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral wedging']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'Scale pain']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical results of the single-stage surgery only from posterior approach for the management of @entity5 and to discuss its usefulness and limitations. METHODS: Sixteen cases of @entity5 (11 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , mean age, 44  years) were analyzed retrospectively. Pathologic findings included @entity808 in 10 @entity1 , @entity3292 in 2 @entity1 (Recklinghausen in 1 @entity1 ), @entity1653 in 2 @entity1 , myxolipoma in 1 and @entity6010 in 1. They underwent single-stage @entity5 using the posterior approach followed by laminectomy and often costotransversectomy combined with instrumentation. Clinical and radiologic outcomes are reviewed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period for clinical and radiographic outcome variables was 66  months (range, 24-120  months). Operative time ranged from 185 to 420  min (mean, 320  min), with estimated @entity190 ranging from 71 to 1830  ml (mean, 540  ml). @entity260 were @entity130 during the enucleation of @entity5 , which could be repaired, and the chest tube was detained to prevent @entity86 . @entity260 included @entity891 in one case. All @entity1 had @entity5 successfully removed with no @entity16 . One @entity1 underwent both posterior and anterior surgery because of attachment to and compression of an artery. We were not able to diagnose this case preoperatively, although a biopsy had been performed. CONCLUSIONS: Single-stage surgery may be a useful method for removing @entity5 without the combined anterior approach, unless they are attached to and compressing the artery and the diagnosis cannot be made preoperatively.

title: XXXX through a single-stage posterior approach: its usefulness and limitations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic dumbbell tumors', 'thoracic dumbbell tumor', 'large thoracic dumbbell tumor', 'removal of dumbbell tumor', 'paravertebral tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pleural injury']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Removal of thoracic dumbbell tumors']


abstract: Backbone conformational dynamics of @entity21664 adenylate kinase in the free form (TNAK) and inhibitor-bound form (TNAK*Ap5A) were investigated at 30 degrees C using @entity13140 NMR relaxation measurements and NMR monitored @entity3884 - @entity6189 exchange. With kinetic parameters identical to those of @entity526 AK (ECAK) at 30 degrees C, TNAK is a unique hyperthermophilic enzyme. These catalytic properties make TNAK an interesting and novel model to study the interplay between @entity2003 , stability, and activity. Comparison of fast time scale dynamics (picosecond to nanosecond) in the open and closed states of TNAK and ECAK at 30 degrees C reveals a uniformly higher @entity2003 across all domains of TNAK. Within this framework of a rigid TNAK structure, several residues located in the @entity860 -binding domain and in the core-lid hinge regions display high picosecond to nanosecond time scale flexibility. Together with the recent comparison of ECAK dynamics with those of hyperthermophilic @entity11475 AK (AAAK), our results provide strong evidence for the role of picosecond to nanosecond time scale fluctuations in both stability and activity. In the slow time scales, TNAK's @entity2003 is not uniform but localized in the @entity860 -binding and lid domains. The core domain amides of ECAK and TNAK in the open and closed states show comparable protection against exchange. Significantly, the hinges framing the lid domain show similar exchange data in ECAK and TNAK open and closed forms. Our NMR relaxation and @entity3884 - @entity6189 exchange studies therefore suggest that TNAK maintains high activity at 30 degrees C by localizing flexibility to the hinge regions that are key to facilitating conformational changes.

title: Dynamics in @entity21664 adenylate kinase: 15N relaxation and XXXX - @entity6189 exchange studies of a hyperthermophilic enzyme highly active at 30 degrees C.

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['protein rigidity', 'increased rigidity', 'rigidity']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity11475 :: ('63363', 'Species') :: ['Aquifex aeolicus']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

entities_list: @entity21664 :: ('2337', 'Species') :: ['Thermotoga neapolitana']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3884 :: (MESH:D006859,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen']


abstract: @entity5 -associated @entity4053 as a @entity8231 phenomenon is a well-known entity and is referred to as @entity5451 . A @entity1 was admitted because of acute @entity911 and drowsiness. Laboratory results showed profound @entity4053 . All investigations proved to be normal, except for a chest x-ray, which showed a large pleural mass. On transthoracic puncture, a @entity5 of pleural origin was diagnosed. This @entity5 , presenting as a large, well-circumscribed encapsulated mass, was removed by thoracotomy. On pathologic examination, the diagnosis of a solitary @entity5 with benign characteristics was made. After surgical removal, the @entity4053 resolved. @entity2460 are localized tumors of the pleura with an unpredictable behavior. The therapy consists of resection.

title: Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura with associated @entity4053 : XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'fibrous tumor']

entities_list: @entity5451 :: ('MESH:C536482', 'Disease') :: ['Doege-Potter syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary fibrous tumors']

answer: @entity5451 :: (MESH:C536482,Disease) :: ['Doege-Potter syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been significant concerns about the care and treatment of @entity1 with @entity717 ( @entity717 ) when attending general hospitals, which have led to inquiries that highlight service and systems failures. One response has been the development of @entity4207 Liaison Nursing (LDLN) Services across the UK that aim to ensure that additional, specialist support is available for @entity1 , their carers and general healthcare professionals. METHODS: A mixed-methods study to investigate the impact of LDLN Services across four Scottish NHS boards was undertaken. In total, 323 referrals made over 18 months were analysed along with qualitative data drawn from interviews and focus groups with a sample of 85 @entity1 including @entity1 with @entity717 (n = 5), carers (n = 16), primary care healthcare professionals (n = 39) and general hospital professionals (n = 19) and @entity4207 liaison nurses (n = 6). RESULTS: The referral patterns to the four liaison nursing services closely matched the known health needs of adults with @entity717 , with common admissions being due to neurological, respiratory and gastrointestinal issues. The LDLN role was seen to be complex and impacted on three key areas: (i) clinical @entity1 care; (ii) education and practice development; and (iii) strategic organisational developments. Specific @entity1 outcomes were linked to issues relating to capacity and consent to treatment, fostering @entity1 -centred adjustments to care, augmenting communication and the liaison nurses acting as positive role models and ambassadors for @entity1 with @entity717 . CONCLUSIONS: The LDLN Services were valued by stakeholders by achieving @entity1 -centred outcomes. With their expert knowledge and skills, the liaison nurses had an important role in developing effective systems and processes within general hospital settings. The outcomes highlight the importance of supporting and promoting LDLN Services and the challenges in delivering the multifaceted elements of the role. There is a need to take account of the complex and multidimensional nature of the LDLN role and the possible tensions between achieving clinical outcomes, education and practice developments and organisational strategic initiatives.

title: XXXX Liaison Nursing Services in south-east Scotland: a mixed-methods impact and outcome study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disabilities']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Learning Disability', 'learning disability']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['Learning Disability']


abstract: @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) is a chronic @entity32 with the potential for progressive spinal stiffness that ultimately makes @entity1 susceptible to @entity174 with traumatic @entity1566 from even low-energy @entity130 . Treatment of @entity1 with @entity1691 and @entity174 ( @entity1691 +FX) is controversial because, although these @entity1 need especially rigorous stabilization, surgery has been associated with an increased risk of complications and persistent @entity51 . The purpose of this retrospective case series was to profile @entity1 with @entity1691 +FX from a 19-year period within the authors' county hospital system, including differences of neurological status in @entity1 treated operatively vs nonoperatively. The study group comprised 11 @entity1 with @entity1691 +FX (9 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; mean age, 63 years [range, 38-91 years]). The authors reviewed available clinical notes and imaging reports. Six @entity1 had posterior operative fixation, and 5 were stabilized nonoperatively. By the time of either discharge or final follow-up, 3 of the @entity1 treated operatively deteriorated neurologically (2 of them preoperatively) and 3 remained stable. Of the @entity1 treated nonoperatively, 3 remained neurologically intact, 1 deteriorated, and 1 recovered completely. The most common complications in all @entity1 were @entity55 and @entity293 . Operative and nonoperative management produced acceptable outcomes in most @entity1 . The authors recommend individualized treatment, accounting for @entity1 preferences and comorbidities.

title: Treatment of @entity174 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The rare autosomal dominant @entity74 familial @entity4144 and @entity101 which is caused by mutations in @entity22144 kinase, is characterized by childhood @entity4144 and @entity5200 , and appearance of @entity101 in the third to fourth decade. Accompanying @entity851 is often described. METHODS: We determined height, blood pressure and blood and urinary biochemical parameters in members of a very large family of FHHt with the @entity22144 @entity26545 mutation. RESULTS: The family has 57 members, 30 of whom (including 14 @entity1 ) are affected. @entity1556 occurred in 7/11 affected and 1/10 unaffected @entity1 (P = 0.024). Serum @entity972 (SK) was ~0.5 mmol/L higher in affected @entity1 vs adults [5.98    0.42 vs 5.46    0.40 mmol/L, respectively (P < 0.0001)] (33 samples from 11 @entity1 and 36 samples from eight adults). SK of >=  6.0 mmol/L occurred in 16/33 @entity1 's samples and in 3/36 adults' samples (P = 0.0003). Hyperkalaemia in @entity1 is currently untreated. @entity1 also had more severe hyperchloraemia and @entity5200 . The family contains four large subfamilies, and each includes 8-10 siblings. In one subfamily, height Z-score was lower in affected vs unaffected subjects [- 2.69    0.36 vs -1.05    0.16, respectively (P < 0.0001)]. In the other three subfamilies, no such difference was found. CONCLUSIONS: Short stature is not part of FHHt with the @entity22144 @entity26545 mutation. @entity1 affected with FHHt have a high prevalence of @entity1556 , and their hyperkalaemia is more severe than that of affected adults. @entity1 may have a more severe defect in the basic mechanism that produces hyperkalaemia. We suggest that, in affected adults, the attenuation of hyperkalaemia and appearance of @entity101 may be the result of a late rise in the activity of renal transporters or channels such as the epithelial sodium channel.

title: Effect of age and affection status on blood pressure, serum @entity972 and stature in familial hyperkalaemia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['Prehypertension', 'prehypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that @entity1420 can induce a rapid decrease in @entity172 receptor (ER) binding in the anterior pituitary of the @entity35 . This effect of @entity1420 on ER correlates well with the loss of @entity172 action. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the rapid decrease in ER binding in the @entity35 pituitary after a single injection of @entity53 and the decrease in ER binding induced by @entity1420 in the @entity172 -primed @entity35 could be due to a suppression of mRNA levels for the @entity172 receptor. Ovariectomy for 14 days decreased ER mRNA levels and injection of 2 mug of @entity53 in @entity1068 :saline for 3 days increased ER mRNA levels. A single injection of 1 mug of @entity53 brought about no change in ER mRNA levels in the pituitary of ovariectomized @entity35 within 1 h of administration. Five micrograms of @entity53 increased the ER mRNA levels, whereas 10 mug of @entity53 brought about a decrease in ER mRNA levels. Thus, the reported decrease in pituitary ER binding after 1 and 5 mug of @entity53 was not accompanied by a similar change in ER mRNA levels, suggesting that the decrease in ER binding may be due to accelerated processing of ER or to decreased translation of ER mRNA. When 2 mug of @entity53 was injected into @entity172 -primed ovariectomized @entity35 , the recovery of ER binding at 18 h was preceded by an increase in ER mRNA levels at 12 h, suggesting new ER synthesis during the recovery process. @entity1420 (0.8 mg/kg body wt), in the absence of @entity53 -priming, increased ER mRNA levels in the pituitary at 1, 6, and 12 h and decreased them at 18 h. In @entity172 -primed animals, the changes in ER mRNA levels brought about by @entity1420 combined with @entity53 were similar to those observed with @entity53 alone, with the exception that ER mRNA levels were elevated in the @entity1420 -treated group at 1 h, a time when ER binding was further suppressed. Thus the @entity1420 -induced decrease in ER binding was not due to a suppression of ER mRNA levels. In @entity172 -primed @entity35 0.8 and 4.0 mg/kg body wt doses of @entity1420 increased ER mRNA levels, whereas the 2.0 mg/kg body wt dose did not. These results indicate that @entity53 alone has a time- and dose-dependent effect on ER mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary. @entity1420 by itself and in the presence of @entity172 priming has a dose-related effect on anterior pituitary ER mRNA levels. Furthermore, the effect of @entity1420 on decreasing ER binding appears to be due either to a post-transcriptional effect and/or to accelerated receptor processing.

title: @entity35 anterior pituitary @entity172 receptor mRNA levels after XXXX and @entity1420 treatment.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: @entity1243 is emerging as a key regulator of bone remodeling. In a population-based study of 1306 postmenopausal Danish @entity1 , nonsynonymous @entity13156 SNPs were associated with risk of @entity1386 , @entity1555 , and @entity174 . Smoking exacerbates this @entity13156 -associated @entity174 risk. INTRODUCTION: Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the @entity1 @entity13156 gene have been associated with @entity1386 in a number of studies, but there have been no large-scale studies of their implications for @entity1555 and @entity3604 risk in postmenopausal @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a population-based study of 1430 @entity1 . Three well-known nonsynonymous @entity13156 ( @entity13156 ) SNPs ( @entity13157 , @entity13159 , and @entity13161 ) were genotyped for qualitative and quantitative association analysis. Phenotype characteristics of main interest were DXA measures of body fat and lean tissue mass, @entity1555 , and radiographic @entity174 . RESULTS: @entity13159 associated with risk of @entity174 (overall OR = 1.76; OR in smokers = 2.31; p = 0.0004), in addition to @entity1555 of the femoral neck and total hip (p = 0.036 and 0.008, respectively). Heterozygote carriers showed lower @entity1555 at both sites. @entity13159 was also associated with @entity1386 (p = 0.001 for total fat mass). For @entity1386 , the at-risk allele was G (resulting in an @entity369 at position 223). CONCLUSIONS: Variation in @entity13156 seemed to contribute to the variation in @entity1555 and @entity174 risk in Danish postmenopausal @entity1 ; the heterozygous genotype was associated with increased risk of manifest @entity170 . Further studies are needed to replicate these data and to clarify the mechanisms involved.

title: XXXX receptor genotype at @entity13159 is associated with body composition, @entity1555 , and @entity174 in postmenopausal Danish @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity13156 :: ('3953', 'Gene') :: ['LEPR', 'leptin receptor']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity13159 :: ('p|SUB|Q|223|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gln223Arg']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity13161 :: ('p|SUB|K|656|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys656Asn']

entities_list: @entity13157 :: ('p|SUB|K|109|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys109Arg']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['Leptin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aims to test a novel balloon expandable stent covered with a @entity736 membrane ( @entity531 ( @entity531 ), NFocus Neuromedical, Palo Alto, California) regarding angiographic and histologic @entity439 . Radiopacity, stent placement, navigation, flexibility, and intimal proliferation were also evaluated. METHODS: Eight @entity439 were induced in New Zealand white @entity95 . Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed directly after stent placement and after 5 and 10  min. Four and 8  weeks after stent placement, an intra-arterial DSA control was performed. The animals were then sacrificed and the @entity439 histologically evaluated. RESULTS: The radiopaque markers were clearly visible. Although all the stents were easily navigated into the subclavian artery, the limited flexibility of the stent resulted in straightening of the vessel in four cases. As a result, exact stent placement was achieved and acutely confirmed in only two cases. However, at sacrifice, angiographic and histologic occlusion was noted at follow-up in five @entity439 . CONCLUSION: In tortuous anatomy, the relative stiffness of the stent makes exact stent placement challenging. This may have been exacerbated by the movement of the vessels due to proximity to the heart in this model. Future studies should evaluate whether existing residual flow into an @entity439 lumen might lead to embolization without any additional treatment. Anticoagulation remains a very important part of @entity439 treatment with stents. The trend toward @entity439 by excluding it from the blood circulation seems a promising method in future endovascular therapy. The @entity531 device shows good potential.

title: Treatment of elastase-induced intracranial aneurysms in New Zealand white @entity95 by use of a novel XXXX stent device.

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular embolization cover', 'NEC']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysm occlusion']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['neurovascular embolization']


abstract: The Intelligent Dosing System (IDS, Dimensional Dosing Systems, Inc., Wexford, PA) is a software suite that incorporates @entity1 -specific, dose-response data in a mathematical model, and then calculates the new dose of agent needed to achieve the next desired therapeutic goal. We evaluated use of the IDS for titrating @entity2690 therapy. The IDS was placed on handheld platforms and provided to practitioners to use in adjusting total daily @entity2690 dose. Fasting @entity413 , random @entity413 , and hemoglobin A1c were used as markers against which @entity2690 could be adjusted. Values of markers expected at the next follow-up visit, as predicted by the model, were compared with levels actually observed. For 264 @entity1 , 334 paired visits were analyzed. Average age was 54 years, @entity6 ' duration was 10 years, and body mass index was 33.2 kg/m(2); 57% were female, 88% were African American, and 92% had type 2 @entity6 . The correlation between IDS suggested and actual prescribed total daily dose was high (r = 0.99), suggesting good acceptability of the IDS by practitioners. Significant decreases in fasting @entity413 , random @entity413 , and hemoglobin A1c levels were seen (all P < 0.0001). No significant difference between average expected and observed follow-up fasting @entity413 values was found (145 vs. 149 mg/dL, P = 0.42), and correlation was high (r = 0.79). Mean observed random @entity413 value at follow-up was comparable to the IDS predicted level (167 vs. 168 mg/dL, P = 0.97), and correlation was high (r = 0.73). Observed follow-up hemoglobin A1c was higher than the value expected (7.9% vs. 7.4%, P < 0.0055), but correlation was good (r = 0.70). These analyses suggest the IDS is a useful adjunct for decisions regarding @entity2690 therapy even when using a variety of markers of @entity413 control, and can be used by practitioners to assist in attainment of glycemic goals.

title: Management of @entity2690 therapy in urban XXXX @entity1 is facilitated by use of an intelligent dosing system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence of @entity735 in eye-amputated @entity1 , to give a description of @entity1833 , and to identify triggers, stoppers, and emotions related to @entity1833 . METHODS: The hospital database was screened, using surgery codes for @entity1 who had received ocular evisceration, enucleation, or secondary implantation of an orbital implant in the period 1993-2003. A total of 267 @entity1 was found and invited to participate, 173 accepted. @entity1 who accepted participation had their records reviewed, and a structured interview about @entity1833 and @entity158 was performed by one trained questioner (M.L.R.R.). RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity735 was 51%. @entity1833 were present in 36%, complex @entity1833 in only 1%, and other @entity1833 in 14%. The @entity1833 were most often white or colored light, as a continuous sharp light or as moving dots. The most frequent triggers were darkness, @entity16479 ; 54% of @entity1 had the experience more than once a week. Ten @entity1 were so visually disturbed that it interfered with their daily life. CONCLUSIONS: Phantom @entity735 is common, and the authors recommend that surgeons inform their @entity1 about the phenomenon.

title: Phantom @entity735 : types of XXXX and related phenomena.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16479 :: ('MESH:D001248', 'Disease') :: ['closing of the eyes, fatigue, and psychological stress']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['elementary visual hallucinations', 'visual hallucinations', 'Elementary visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['phantom eye syndrome', 'eye syndrome']

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['visual hallucinations']


abstract: The prognosis for @entity1 with @entity11 , the most common primary @entity1313 , remains dismal despite significant progress in neuro-oncological therapies and technology. This stems from the inability of current treatment strategies to address the highly invasive nature of this disease. Malignant glial cells often disseminate throughout the brain, making it exceedingly difficult to target and treat all intracranial neoplastic foci with the result that @entity5 recurrence is inevitable despite aggressive surgery and adjuvant radio- and/or chemotherapy. The use of neural stem cells as delivery vehicles for @entity5 toxic molecules is a novel experimental strategy aimed specifically at targeting disseminated @entity5 pockets. It has been demonstrated that neural stem cells possess a robust tropism for infiltrating @entity5 cells and that they can be used to deliver therapeutic agents directly to @entity5 satellites with significant therapeutic benefit. The aim is to develop these findings into a clinically viable technology which would not be hindered by ethical and tissue rejection related concerns stemming from the use of fetal or embryonic tissue transplants. A novel technology whereby neural progenitors similar in morphology, phenotype and behavior to fetal neural stem cells can be isolated from adult bone marrow is also discussed. These technologies represent important progress in the development of a treatment strategy that can specifically target disseminated neoplastic pockets within the brain. However, despite encouraging results in preclinical models, there are significant impediments that must be overcome prior to clinical implementation of this strategy. The key among these is understanding the specific tropic mechanisms that govern neural stem cells @entity5 and refining the processes used to generate neural progenitors from adult bone marrow in a clinically implementable fashion. Despite these limitations, the use of neural stem cells for @entity1313 therapy holds significant promise and may emerge as an important therapeutic modality for @entity1 with @entity11 .

title: Use of neural stem cells as therapeutic vehicles for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'migration towards tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'intracranial neoplasm']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: Acute cardiovascular responses to different high-velocity resistance exercise protocols were compared in untrained older @entity1 . Twelve apparently healthy volunteers (62.6    2.9 y) performed three different protocols in the bench press (BP). All protocols involved three sets of 10 repetitions performed with a 10RM load and 2 minutes of rest between sets. The continuous protocol (CP) involved ten repetitions with no pause between repetitions. The discontinuous protocols were performed with a pause of five ( @entity6292 ) or 15 (DP15) seconds between the fifth and sixth repetitions. @entity551 (SBP), rate pressure product (RPP), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), and blood @entity880 (BLa) were assessed at baseline and at the end of all exercise sets. Factorial ANOVA was used to compare the cardiovascular response among different protocols. @entity299 and RPP were significantly (p < 0.05) higher after the third set in all protocols. HR and RPP were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in @entity6292 and DP15 compared with CP for the BP exercise. Compared to baseline, RPE increased significantly (p < 0.05) with each subsequent set in all protocols. Blood @entity880 concentration during @entity6292 and DP15 was significantly lower than CP. It appears that discontinuous high-velocity resistance exercise has a lower cardiovascular demand than continuous resistance exercise in older @entity1 . Key pointsThe assessment of cardiovascular responses to high-velocity resistance exercise in older individuals is very important for exercise prescription and rehabilitation in elderly population.Discontinuous protocol decrease myocardial @entity26 consumption (HR x SBP) during the performance of dynamic high-velocity resistance exercise in older @entity1 .The decrease in RPP (~ 8.5%) during the discontinuous protocol has clinical implications when developing high-velocity resistance exercise strategies for elderly individuals.

title: High-velocity resistance exercise protocols in older XXXX : effects on cardiovascular response.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Compared to baseline, HR']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Double-stranded break (DSB) repair during meiotic recombination in @entity375 @entity375 leads to the formation of heteroduplex DNA, a hybrid DNA molecule composed of single strands from two homologous chromosomes. Differences in sequence between the strands within heteroduplex DNA generate mismatches or large unpaired loops that are substrates for repair. At least two pathways function to repair large loops that form within heteroduplex DNA: the @entity28425 -dependent large loop repair (LLR) pathway and another as yet uncharacterized @entity28425 -independent LLR pathway. Repair of large loops during meiotic recombination is especially important for the genomic stability of the repetitive DNA sequences known as minisatellites. Minisatellite DNA tracts are generally stable during mitotic cell divisions but frequently alter in length during meiosis. Using a @entity375 minisatellite system in which the @entity1 minisatellite associated with the @entity35558 proto-oncogene has been inserted into the recombination hotspot region upstream of @entity14412 in @entity375 , our lab previously showed that the @entity28425 -dependent LLR pathway controls minisatellite length expansions, but not contractions. Here we show that minisatellite length expansions are controlled by the products of the @entity35559 and @entity35560 genes, while contractions are controlled by @entity35561 . By examining meiotic segregation patterns in @entity375 strains heterozygous for the 26bp @entity14412 -lopd insert, we found that deleting @entity35559 caused a loss of LLR activity similar to that seen in a @entity28425 mutant. Double mutant analysis revealed that failure to repair loops is exacerbated upon deleting both @entity28425 and @entity35559 - specifically the type of repair that fills in loops, which would generate minisatellite length expansions. A model for minisatellite length alteration based on these results is presented.

title: The role of @entity35559 , XXXX , and @entity35560 in minisatellite stability and large loop DNA repair during meiosis in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity35561 :: (850297(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['MRC1']


abstract: In this study 21 adults with severe form of @entity3458 ( @entity5099 ; sickle cell @entity417 , n = 15; Hb S/beta degree-thal, n = 6) were treated with @entity1862 (HU) to assess the effectiveness of the drug in managing @entity5099 . The individual dose was selected for each @entity1 . The dose selection was based on the HU clearance study. Thereafter, the @entity1 received daily doses of 15-20 mg/kg body weight. An evaluation data form was filled out at the monthly visit. The severity index (SI) of the disease was determined and haematological parameters including red cell indices, platelet counts, reticulocyte counts, irreversibly sickled cells, red cell deformability, Hb F, Hb F cells, total and direct @entity648 levels were measured prior to treatment, at follow-up intervals during treatment and after cessation of treatment. The trial period lasted 3 months. Statistically significant improvement was observed in the clinical presentation, haematological and biochemical parameters. Hb F level and F cells showed a significant increase in most @entity1 , but to a variable degree. A major resultant effect was an increase in mean cell volume. Our experience shows that HU can be used for the treatment of severe forms of @entity5099 with no major side effects, provided that the doses are monitored and that laboratory investigations are regularly undertaken.

title: XXXX for the treatment of @entity3458 .

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyurea']


abstract: Mining elite alleles for grain size and weight is of importance for the improvement of cultivated @entity579 and selection for market demand. In this study, association mapping for grain traits was performed on a selected sample of 628 @entity579 cultivars using 262 SSRs. Grain traits were evaluated by grain length (GL), grain width (GW), @entity121 ( @entity121 ), grain length to width ratio (GL/GW), and 1000-grain weight (TGW) in 2013 and 2014. Our result showed abundant phenotypic and genetic diversities found in the studied population. In total, 2953 alleles were detected with an average of 11.3 alleles per locus. The population was divided into seven subpopulations and the levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD) ranged from 34 to 84 cM. Genome-wide association mapping detected 10 marker trait association (MTAs) loci for GL, 1MTAs locus for GW, 7 MTAs loci for @entity121 , 3 MTAs loci for GL/GW, and 1 MTAs locus for TGW. Twenty-nine, 2, 10, 5, and 3 elite alleles were found for the GL, GW, @entity121 , GL/GW, and TGW, respectively. @entity2915 designs were predicted for improving the target traits. The accessions containing elite alleles for grain traits mined in this study could be used for breeding @entity579 cultivars and cloning the candidate genes.

title: Genetic Diversity and Elite Allele Mining for Grain Traits in XXXX ( @entity579 .) by Association Mapping.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['GT', 'grain thickness']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Optimal cross']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Rice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Earlier data support the hypothesis that the relation between circulating @entity442 ( @entity442 ) levels and @entity0 risk differs by menopausal status. The strong association of @entity442 with height in childhood and weak or no association between adult levels and adult height also suggest that IGF levels in young @entity1 may better reflect an exposure time period of importance to @entity0 . Few studies have assessed @entity10116 ( @entity10116 ) or free IGF and @entity0 risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a large case-control study nested within the prospective Nurses' Health Study. Plasma concentrations of @entity442 , free IGF, @entity2301 , and @entity10116 were measured in blood samples collected in 1989 to 1990. Eight hundred @entity1 were identified who had a diagnosis of invasive or in situ @entity0 after blood collection, up to 1998, 27% of whom were premenopausal at blood collection. To those 800 @entity1 , one to two controls were age-matched for a total of 1,129 controls. We used logistic regression models to estimate the relative risk (RR) of @entity0 associated with IGF levels. FINDINGS: Among postmenopausal @entity1 , neither @entity442 , @entity2301 , @entity10116 , nor free IGF was associated with @entity0 risk [RRs, top versus bottom quintile: @entity442 , 1.0; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.7-1.4; @entity2301 , 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.1; @entity10116 , 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6-1.5; and free IGF, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.6-1.4]. Among premenopausal @entity1 , @entity2301 , @entity10116 , and free IGF similarly were not associated with @entity0 risk (RRs, top versus bottom quintile: @entity2301 , 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-2.3; @entity10116 , 1.5; 95% CI, 0.8-3.0; and free IGF, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7-2.1). Higher @entity442 plasma levels, however, were associated with a modestly elevated @entity0 risk (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.6) among the premenopausal @entity1 , with a stronger association among premenopausal @entity1 ages < or =50 (RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4-4.3); further adjustment for @entity2301 did not greatly change these estimates. INTERPRETATION: Circulating @entity442 levels seem to be modestly associated with @entity0 risk among premenopausal @entity1 , but not among postmenopausal @entity1 . @entity2301 , @entity10116 , and free IGF are not associated with @entity0 risk in either premenopausal or postmenopausal @entity1 in this cohort.

title: Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors, their binding proteins, and XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity10116 :: ('3484', 'Gene') :: ['IGF binding protein-1', 'IGFBP-1']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anaesthetics may target ionotropic @entity2227 receptors in brain cells to produce their biological actions. Membrane-bound ionotropic @entity2227 receptors undergo dynamic trafficking between the surface membrane and intracellular organelles. Their subcellular distribution is subject to modulation by changing synaptic inputs and determines the efficacy and strength of excitatory synapses. It has not been explored whether anaesthesia has any impact on surface @entity2227 receptor expression. In this study, the effect of general anaesthesia on expression of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors in the surface and intracellular pools of cortical neurones was investigated in vivo. METHODS: General anaesthesia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity22292 in adult male @entity19 . Surface protein cross-linking assays were performed to detect changes in distribution of @entity143 receptor subunits ( @entity13429 , @entity18192 , and @entity13430 ) in the surface and intracellular compartments of cerebral cortical neurones. RESULTS: @entity22292 did not alter the total amounts of @entity13429 , @entity18192 , and @entity13430 proteins in cortical neurones. However, the drug reduced @entity13429 proteins in the surface pool of these neurones, and induced a proportional increase in @entity13429 in the intracellular pool. Similar redistribution of @entity13430 subunits was observed between the two distinct pools. The changes in @entity13429 and @entity13430 were rapid and remained throughout the duration of anaesthesia. @entity18192 proteins were not altered in the surface or intracellular pool in response to @entity22292 . CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that subcellular expression of @entity13429 and @entity13430 in cortical neurones is sensitive to anaesthesia. @entity22292 reduces surface-expressed @entity143 receptors (specifically @entity13430 -containing @entity143 receptors) in these neurones in vivo.

title: Loss of surface XXXX receptor proteins in @entity19 cortical neurones during anaesthesia induced by @entity22292 in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral hydrate', 'Chloral hydrate']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, the divergent wire stretching method used to @entity4682 the fractured pieces in the Ilizarov technique is biomechanically compared with the olive wire fixation method. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2005, 36 @entity174 of 34 @entity1 (27 males, 7 females; mean age 48.4; range 26 to 81 years) were treated with the Ilizarov technique. Divergent wire stretching technique was used in all cases. @entity1 were mobilized regardless of @entity174 type and with full load bearing in the shortest possible time after the operation. In the second stage of this study, in order to achieve interfragmentary compression, the reciprocal olive wire method was compared with the divergent wire stretching method developed by us on tibia models at the biomechanic laboratory. RESULTS: All cases were mobilized with full weight bearing at the early postoperative period. The fusion period was 14 weeks and fixators were removed at an average of 19 weeks. No deep infection was observed in any of the cases. No other surgical intervention was required for nonunion or reduction failure. More than 2 mm separation was detected in 12 cases during 24 weeks of observation. But this has not been considered to be clinically significant. In 29 cases, the knee range of motion was 0-135 degrees. In the biomechanical phase of the study, no distinct difference was observed between the classic olive wire stretching method and the divergent wire stretching method regarding the preservation of the interfragmentary compression under weight. The divergent wire stretching method was significantly superior in achieving an homogeneous interfragmentary compression. CONCLUSION: The divergent wire stretching technique applied parallel to the Ilizarov fixation technique is an effective method for the early and unrestricted mobilization of the @entity1 and the preservation of the range-of-motion of the joint.

title: [Biomechanical comparison of two different wire stretching methods in the treatment of XXXX with the Ilizarov echnique and the related clinical results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibial plateau fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial plateau fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2946 is a highly aggressive @entity5 of the posterior fossa. It is more common in @entity1 and has a very low incidence in adults. This @entity5 may cause endocranial @entity101 , which requires placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt after surgical resection. It is possible, however, that neoplastic cells found in the cerebral spinal fluid can migrate through the shunt and implant themselves into the peritoneal cavity, producing multiple metastases that create great difficulty in treatment and offer a poor prognosis. This event is extraordinarily rare, which explains the few published cases and the lack of guidelines for treatment. CLINICAL CASE: We present a 26-year-old male with a history of @entity2946 of the cerebellum that was treated by complete @entity5 resection, radiotherapy and placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Two years later the @entity1 demonstrated severe @entity490 caused by the presence of multiple irresectable @entity5 in the abdomen and pelvis. A percutaneous biopsy documented metastatic @entity2946 and the @entity1 was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on schemes used for pediatric @entity1 . There was a significant reduction in @entity5 activity that later allowed complete @entity5 resection. CONCLUSIONS: In adult @entity1 , peritoneal metastases from @entity2946 are an unusual event. With this surgical and clinical case, we can suggest new guidelines for diagnosis and treatment to obtain satisfactory results.

title: [Peritoneal metastases of @entity2946 due to placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in an adult XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently few studies tried to confirm the association between AF and lipoprotein(a) ( @entity3452 ), however the results remained conflicted. In present study we evaluated the possible interaction between @entity3452 , inflammatory state and echocardiographic characteristics in @entity1 after successful electrical cardioversion (EC) of persistent AF. We also tried to investigate the role of @entity3452 as a possible prognostic factor for AF recurrence after successful EC. RESULTS: Data of 79 @entity1 admitted due to planned EC was analyzed. After successful procedure @entity1 were monitored for 2 years. For analytical purposes @entity1 were divided in two groups according to AF recurrence. There was no significant difference between @entity3452 levels in both groups. We also didn't find any positive correlation between @entity3452 and CRP levels, as well as between @entity3452 levels and left atrium diameter. For logistic and survival analysis optimal cut-off value of @entity3452 >= 0.32 (upper quartile) was used. In logistic regression model with AF recurrence as dependent variable @entity3452 didn't show any statistically significant association with AF recurrence. Survival analysis showed slightly higher AF recurrence rate in group with higher @entity3452 levels but not to the level of statistical significance (log rank test, p=0.62). CONCLUSIONS: We weren't able to confirm the association between @entity3452 levels and AF recurrence, @entity32 and left atrium diameter in @entity1 after successful EC of persistent AF. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of @entity3452 in this clinical setting.

title: Lipoprotein(a) and @entity32 in XXXX with atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']