abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spinal anesthesia to high thoracic dermatomes is alleged to result in almost complete block of all sympathetic efferent nerves. To examine the degree of sympathectomy during spinal anesthesia, the sympathetic response to a cold pressor test (CPT) applied to unblocked dermatomes before and during spinal anesthesia was measured with use of three different local anesthetics. METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers were studied in a randomized and double-blind fashion on three separate occasions. In random order, each volunteer received approximately equipotent spinal doses of @entity6513 15 mg, @entity1341 15 mg, and @entity3303 100 mg in hyperbaric solutions. Prior to and 30 minutes after spinal injection of local anesthetic, a CPT was applied for 2 minutes, and changes from baseline resting conditions in five physiologic variables were measured. RESULTS: The @entity13513 given before anesthetic administration resulted in an increase in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and plasma concentrations of @entity1063 and @entity1425 . Spinal anesthesia to a median level of T3 resulted in a decrease in mean arterial pressure by 10-12% but did not significantly decrease the other variables. Spinal anesthesia did not change the increase in heart rate or cardiac index in response to the second CPT, but the increase in mean arterial pressure was attenuated compared to the CPT before anesthesia. No increase in @entity1063 or @entity1425 concentration was observed during the CPT given during spinal anesthesia. There was no significant relationship between level of analgesia and sympathetic response to stress. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric solutions of @entity6513 15 mg, @entity1341 15 mg, and @entity3303 100 mg attenuated sympathetic function but did not produce complete sympathectomy. The effects were independent of the local anesthetic used.

title: Sympathetic block during spinal anesthesia in volunteers using @entity3303 , @entity6513 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: @entity3170 is an often misdiagnosed disease of the eye. Mainly it appears in elderly @entity1 and tends to be recurrent. Symptoms leading to diagnosis are swelling of the eye lids, a red eye, disturbances of the motility and protrusio bulbi. In rare cases you find exudative @entity1713 , @entity1103 , or the optic nerve head, and secondary @entity2747 . Often @entity3170 is associated with general illness as @entity4091 , mixed @entity2597 , or @entity370 . Differential diagnosis are @entity5 as for example, @entity320 , @entity2695 , and @entity3 . The typical uveal effusion can also be caused by an @entity7838 , panretinal photocoagulation, buckling procedure for @entity1713 , and by intraocular surgery in general. @entity20470 anularis pseudotumorosa has to be considered and shut out. Most important diagnostical means are ultrasound, and CT-scan. The underlying case describes an 81 years old @entity1 that presented with @entity2747 , and exudative @entity2194 . The ultrasound and CT-scan investigations confirmed the diagnosis of @entity3170 posterior. The @entity2747 , and the @entity1713 regressed immediately under the treatment with @entity230 given locally and systemically. There was no impact of miotics and peripheral iridectomy which both could not avoid recurrence of @entity2747 .

title: [Secondary angle-block glaucoma in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue diseases']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment of the right eye']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity7838 :: ('MESH:D001159', 'Disease') :: ['arterio-venous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment', 'retinal detachment', 'choroidal or retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal tumors']

entities_list: @entity20470 :: ('MESH:D015867', 'Disease') :: ['Especially cyclitis']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['edema of the macula']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ["Boeck's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle closure glaucoma', 'acute angle closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['posterior scleritis', 'Posterior scleritis', 'scleritis']

answer: @entity3170 :: (MESH:D015423,Disease) :: ['posterior scleritis']


abstract: Thirty-two conditioned 15-18 kg @entity235 underwent laparotomy, heparinization, left lateral @entity99 and subsequent partial left lateral hepatic lobectomy. The hemostatic capabilities of the surgical scalpel combined with suture ligatures and stay sutures, the Bovie, and the @entity515 laser were compared. The @entity515 laser proved significantly more effective in achieving hemostasis both in comparison to the @entity291 and the surgical scalpel combined with classical methods. The postoperative mortality utilizing the Bovie was 11%, the scalpel 30% and the laser 23%. Two of the three laser deaths were related to a bulky laser delivery system which can be redesigned. Postoperative laboratory evaluation revealed that SGOT, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin and hemoglobin levels were altered in the postoperative period but returned to normal levels in uniform fashion in all groups. There was no statistical difference between various surgical modalities with regard to these parameters. The white blood count was significantly lower in laser @entity235 when compared to the other two groups. Other laboratory parameters were unchanged. Damage to liver tissue may be less extensive when the laser is utilized as opposed to the Bovie or stay suture methods of hemostasis and healing is equally good. The CO-2 laser is considered a valuable ancillary tool in hepatic resection and clinical evaluation is warranted.

title: Laser surgery in exsanguinating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lobe injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: @entity2227 - @entity462 ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting enzyme in @entity2041 synthesis, is made up of two subunits, a catalytic (heavy) subunit ( @entity55499 ) and a modifier (light) subunit ( @entity55583 ), which are differentially regulated. Increased hepatic @entity55499 expression occurs during rapid growth, oxidative stress and after @entity1068 treatment. To facilitate studies of @entity55499 transcriptional regulation, we have cloned and characterized a 1.8 kb 5'-flanking region of the @entity35 @entity55499 (GenBank accession number AF218362). A consensus TATA box and one transcriptional start site are located at 302 and 197 @entity2036 upstream of the translational start site, respectively. The promoter contains consensus binding sites for many transcription factors including nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and @entity19505 ( @entity19505 ). The @entity35 @entity55499 promoter was able to efficiently drive luciferase expression in H4IIE cells. Sequential deletion analysis revealed that three DNA regions, -595 to -111, -1108 to -705 and -705 to -595, are involved in positive (the first two regions) and negative (the latter region) gene regulation. Specific protein binding to these regions was confirmed by @entity3420 footprinting and electrophoretic mobility-shift assays (EMSAs). @entity1068 -fed livers exhibit increased protein binding to region -416 to -336 on @entity3420 footprinting analysis, which was found to be NF-kappaB and @entity19505 on EMSA and supershift analysis. @entity3094 treatment of H4IIE cells led to a time- and dose-dependent increase in @entity55499 mRNA levels, binding of NF-kappaB and @entity19505 to the @entity55499 promoter, and luciferase activity driven by the @entity55499 promoter fragment containing these binding sites.

title: Cloning and characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the XXXX @entity2227 - @entity462 ligase catalytic subunit.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The nonapeptide @entity398 (OT) is important for milk ejection during lactation, uterine contractility at parturition, and the onset of maternal behavior. Sequential exposure to @entity53 (E2) and @entity1420 (P) followed by P withdrawal increases OT mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and to a lesser degree the supraoptic nucleus (SON), of the @entity35 48 hours after the P is removed. Although increases in PVN OT mRNA are not accompanied by changes in posterior pituitary OT peptide content, the PVN contains OT neurons that project to both the posterior pituitary (magnocellular group) and extra pituitary sites (parvocellular groups). @entity134 -induced increases in OT mRNA occur in both the magnocellular and the parvocellular regions of the PVN. The latter are believed to contribute to CNS release of OT which may be important for certain behaviors including the onset of maternal behavior. The same @entity134 sequence that increases PVN OT mRNA also induces maternal behavior in virgin ovariectomized @entity35 . Exposure of animals to @entity4492 for 2 weeks resulted in the shortest latency to the onset of maternal behavior in ovariectomized @entity35 , whereas exposure for 6 days was associated with a longer latency. In this study we questioned if the duration of @entity4492 exposure prior to P withdrawal is an important regulator of PVN OT mRNA levels. We compared OT mRNA levels in the PVN of virgin ovariectomized @entity35 administered no @entity134 or sequential @entity4492 for 2 weeks versus 6 days. On day 1 animals received @entity134 -filled or empty capsules followed by P-filled or empty capsules on day 3. In one @entity134 -treated group, @entity4492 were continued for 6 days and in the other group for 14 days prior to P removal. Animals were sacrificed 48 hours after P removal. Levels of OT mRNA were compared among 6 day and 2 week @entity134 -treated animals and sham-treated animals. The relative abundance of OT mRNA was significantly increased, P < 0.05, in animals receiving the 2-week, but not the 6-day, @entity134 treatment compared to sham-treated animals. Pituitary OT peptide content was not significantly different among the three groups. We conclude that the duration of @entity134 exposure may be an important regulator of the level of OT mRNA in the PVN of the @entity35 .

title: The duration of @entity53 and XXXX exposure prior to @entity1420 withdrawal regulates @entity398 mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Devices that monitor the depth of @entity590 are increasingly used to titrate sedation and avoid @entity3596 during @entity590 . Many of these monitors are based upon electroencephalography (EEG) collected from large adult reference populations and not pediatric populations (Anesthesiology, 86, 1997, 836; Journal of Anaesthesia, 92, 2004, 393; Anesthesiology, 99, 2003, 34). We hypothesized that EEG patterns in @entity1 would be different from those previously reported in adults and that they would show anesthetic-specific characteristics. METHODS: This prospective observational study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and informed written consent was obtained. @entity1 were randomized to receive maintenance @entity590 with @entity5161 or @entity2614 . EEG data collection included at least 10 min at steady-state maintenance @entity590 . The EEG was recorded continuously through emergence until after extubation. A mixed model procedure was performed on global and regional power by pooled data analysis and by analyzing each anesthetic group separately. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 completed the study (ages 22 days-3.6 years). @entity5161 and @entity2614 had different effects on global and regional EEG power during emergence from @entity590 , and frontal predominance patterns were significantly different between these two anesthetic agents. CONCLUSIONS: The principal finding of the present study was that there are anesthetic-specific and concentration-dependent EEG effects in @entity1 . Depth-of- @entity590 monitors that utilize algorithms based on the EEGs of adult reference populations therefore may not be appropriate for use in @entity1 .

title: Anesthetic-specific electroencephalographic patterns during emergence from @entity2614 and @entity5161 in XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['awareness']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['anesthesia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of cement augmentation for cephalad @entity174 after @entity2649 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity170 may contribute to cephalad @entity174 by an altered biomechanics in the adjacent segments due to the loss of motion at the fused segments. However, few studies on the treatment for @entity174 using bone cement augmentation after @entity2649 have been published. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 who had cephalad @entity174 after @entity2649 underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty ( @entity12468 ). All @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of intravertebral vacuum clefts (IVC) on plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging: group 1 consisted of 9 @entity1 without an associated IVC and group 2 consisted of 8 @entity1 with an IVC. The @entity717 Index and the Visual Analogue Scale were recorded prospectively. The radiologic parameters of @entity85 , vertebral height changes, and leakage of cement were studied. RESULTS: The @entity717 Index and Visual Analogue Scale scores in group 1 decreased after @entity12468 , but the mean score in group 2 was higher than in group 1 at the last follow-up. The mean kyphosis measured 15.7  7.4 degrees preoperatively and 15.6  7.1 degrees at the final follow-up in group 1, and 16.9  8.8 degrees preoperatively and 27.2  8.8 degrees at the final follow-up in group 2.The mean preoperative anterior and posterior vertebral height ratio measured 0.6  0.2 preoperatively and 0.6  0.2 at the final follow-up in group 1, and 0.6  0.2 preoperatively and 0.5  0.2 at the final follow-up in group 2.The mean preoperative middle and posterior vertebral height ratio measured 0.5  0.1 preoperatively and 0.6  0.1 at the final follow-up in group 1, and 0.5  0.1 preoperatively and 0.4  0.2 at the final follow-up in group 2. Four @entity1 underwent revision surgery in group 2 and 1 in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity12468 treatment may be a useful method for cephalad @entity174 after @entity2649 in elderly @entity1 with persistent unremitting @entity615 , recollapse of the vertebral body can occur after a @entity12468 for cephalad or adjacent @entity174 with an IVC.

title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty for cephalad @entity174 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'cephalad fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['instrumented lumbar fusion']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['instrumented lumbar fusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4153 is a rare and @entity146 . Most gynecologic oncology centers have little experience with this @entity5 , and only small series have been published. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity4153 were treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital. Clinical data, immunohistochemical characteristics, and @entity281 with @entity1082 were studied. RESULTS: Twelve @entity5 were of oat cell type and 14 of intermediate cell type. Twelve @entity5 were associated with other forms of @entity189 : @entity957 (6 @entity5 ), @entity420 (5 @entity5 ), and @entity420 in situ (1 @entity5 ). Neuroendocrine differentiation was expressed in 79% of the @entity5 . @entity1082 )-18 was detected in 40% of the @entity5 and @entity1799 in 28%. Fifteen @entity1 had Stage I disease, 7 had Stage II, 2 had Stage III, and 3 had Stage IV. Fourteen @entity1 with Stage I and II disease underwent radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection. In four, the operation was preceded by intracavitary radiation treatment. The @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with a combination of intracavitary radium, external beam radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The 5-year survival rate was 14%. Four @entity1 are alive, one with recurrent disease 50 months after diagnosis. Three @entity1 free of disease have been followed up 26, 54, and 101 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4153 is an @entity146 with a propensity for rapid recurrence; it is associated with high mortality.

title: XXXX . A clinicopathologic study of 26 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['Small cell carcinoma of the cervix', 'small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage II, III, and IV disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus', 'Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['Small cell carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: Gene therapy may become an option for the treatment of @entity5 such as @entity157 ( @entity157 ), once safe and efficient vector systems have been established. Due to their stability in vivo, recombinant adenoviral vectors are promising vectors for gene delivery to @entity157 . To study the characteristics of gene delivery into HCCs by recombinant adenoviral vectors in vivo, we established an in situ @entity157 model in the livers of athymic @entity19 by intrahepatic injection of @entity1 @entity157 cells. Recombinant adenovirus vectors expressing @entity7791 (Ad2 @entity2834 beta gal) were injected via the tail vein of @entity19 bearing @entity157 or directly into @entity5 . Levels of @entity7791 expression in @entity5 tissue and surrounding normal liver were analyzed by histochemistry or for quantification by a chemiluminescence assay in tissue homogenates. Following tail vein injection, high levels of @entity7791 expression were found in the liver, but virtually no gene expression could be detected in the @entity5 tissue. In contrast, after direct injection of Ad2 @entity2834 beta gal into intrahepatic HCCs, high levels of @entity7791 expression were detected in the @entity5 tissue. However, single transduced hepatocytes scattered throughout the normal liver could also be identified. These results indicate that barriers such as the endothelial lining of the @entity5 vasculature impair the efficiency of adenoviral vectors for gene delivery into HCCs by intravenous administration, which can be overcome by direct injection into the @entity5 tissue. However, due to the observed transduction of disseminated hepatocytes following intratumoral administration, additional @entity157 -specific targeting to further enhance the safety of adenoviral vectors may be required.

title: @entity157 in athymic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic tumors', 'tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracranial @entity2698 ( @entity2698 ) is a rare @entity5 for which treatment recommendations vary. OBJECTIVE: We sought to characterize outcomes of @entity2698 @entity1 treated with postoperative external beam radiotherapy (PORT). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program of the US National @entity5 Institute. We identified @entity1 with @entity932 who underwent surgery alone or PORT. RESULTS: We identified 88 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity2698 between 1982 and 2009 treated with surgery alone or PORT. The majority of @entity1 were female (53%) and white (84%) with a median age of 50.5 years (range, 0-92 years). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 55%, and PORT was delivered to 48% of the entire cohort. The median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and cause-specific survival (CSS) were 111 months and 161 months, respectively. On univariate analysis, age older than 50 years correlated with poor @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70-6.95; P = .001) and CSS (HR: 2.77; 95% CI: 1.18-6.48; P = .019). On multivariate analysis (MVA), age >50 years correlated with poor @entity1349 (HR: 3.69; 95% CI: 1.72-7.93; P = .001) and CSS (HR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.08-6.59; P = .034). On MVA, GTR correlated with improved @entity1349 (HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.11-0.71; P = .007) and CSS (HR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.76; P = .016). In addition, PORT correlated with improved @entity1349 (MVA HR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00-0.31; P = .005) and CSS (MVA HR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00-0.45; P = .015). @entity1 undergoing STR with PORT compared favorably with those undergoing GTR alone with respect to @entity1349 (HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.15-1.26; P = .13) and CSS (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.15-1.78; P = .29). CONCLUSION: In intracranial @entity2698 , both PORT and GTR independently correlate with improved @entity1349 and CSS.

title: Intracranial XXXX and the role of radiation therapy: a population based analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['HPC', 'hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: In Latin America, there are about 10-12 million @entity1 infected with @entity1527 , the agent of @entity1526 , one of the most important neglected tropical @entity4801 . Identification of molecular targets, specific for the aggressor or host cells or both, may be useful in the development of pharmacological and/or immunological therapeutic tools. Classic efforts in @entity1526 explore those strategies. Although the immune system frequently controls parasite @entity146 , sterile immunity is seldom achieved and chronic interactions are thus established. However, laboratory-modified immunologic probes aimed at selected parasite targets, may be more effective than their unmodified counterparts. Calreticulin (CRT) from vertebrates is a @entity460 binding protein, present mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it directs the conformation of proteins and controls @entity460 levels. We have isolated, gene-cloned, expressed and characterized @entity1527 calreticulin (TcCRT). Upon infection, the parasite can translocate this molecule from the ER to the surface, where it inhibits both the classical and lectin complement pathways. Moreover, by virtue of its capacity to bind and inactivate first complement component C1, it promotes parasite infectivity. These two related properties reside in the central domain of this molecule. A different domain, @entity1472 terminal, binds to endothelial cells, thus inhibiting their angiogenic capacity. Since @entity5 growth depends, to a large extent on angiogenesis, their growth is also inhibited.

title: Roles of XXXX calreticulin in parasite-host interactions and in @entity5 growth.

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressions']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: An enzyme's active site is essential to normal protein activity such that any disruptions at this site may lead to dysfunction and disease. Nonsynonymous single- @entity377 variations (nsSNVs), which alter the @entity535 sequence, are one type of disruption that can alter the active site. When this occurs, it is assumed that enzyme activity will vary because of the criticality of the site to normal protein function. We integrate nsSNV data and active site annotations from curated resources to identify all active-site-impacting nsSNVs in the @entity1 genome and search for all pathways observed to be associated with this data set to assess the likely consequences. We find that there are 934 unique nsSNVs that occur at the active sites of 559 proteins. Analysis of the nsSNV data shows an over-representation of @entity369 and an under-representation of @entity462 , @entity815 and @entity669 when comparing the list of nsSNV-impacted active site residues with the list of all possible proteomic active site residues, implying a potential bias for or against variation of these residues at the active site. Clustering analysis shows an abundance of hydrolases and transferases. Pathway and functional analysis shows several pathways over- or under-represented in the data set, with the most significantly affected pathways involved in @entity1735 metabolism. We provide a table of 32 variation-substrate/product pairs that can be used in targeted metabolomics experiments to assay the effects of specific variations. In addition, we report the significant prevalence of @entity2574 to @entity3793 variation in eight proteins associated with nine diseases including glycogen storage diseases, @entity16138 , @entity191 .

title: Proteome-wide analysis of nonsynonymous single- @entity377 variations in active sites of XXXX proteins.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity16138 :: ('MESH:C563160', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease and several cancers"]

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The mortality from @entity299 was studied in a prospective cohort of 1725 shipyard workers exposed to @entity1355 . The analyses were stratified for age and smoking habits and restricted to @entity1 . In agreement with other findings, @entity1 with @entity73 had a significantly higher risk (relative risk (RR) = 3.5) of dying from @entity299 than @entity1 with normal lung function. @entity1 with @entity1355 or suspected @entity1355 had a significantly higher risk (RR = 3.1) of dying from @entity299 than @entity1 without @entity1355 . Thus @entity1355 or suspected @entity1355 also seemed to be a risk factor for @entity299 . This finding was independent of respiratory function. There was no increased risk for @entity299 in @entity1 with compared with @entity1 without @entity456 . @entity1 with production of phlegm or sputum and wheezing or whistling had no increased risk for @entity299 compared with @entity1 without these symptoms. In the group with normal lung function @entity1 with dyspnoea had a significantly higher risk of dying from @entity299 than @entity1 without dyspnoea. The findings for @entity1 with @entity1355 or suspected @entity1355 indicated a further risk factor besides @entity73 , in @entity1 exposed to @entity1355 . Perhaps this risk factor is due to lesions of the pericardium with consequences for heart function.

title: The importance of lung function, non-malignant diseases associated with XXXX , and symptoms as predictors of @entity299 in shipyard workers exposed to @entity1355 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired lung function']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos', 'asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural plaques']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestos']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although computed tomography has been considered the diagnostic modality of choice for pediatric @entity1 with blunt @entity1661 (BAT), it is costly, time-consuming, requires sedation, and may be associated with complications in young @entity1 . Abdominal ultrasonography (US) is a promising modality in the evaluation of BAT that is quick, noninvasive, repeatable, and cost-effective. We hypothesized that emergency department US, performed by trauma surgeons, is a useful triage tool for pediatric BAT that reduces the need for computed tomography. METHODS: The 230 @entity1 (<18 years old) with suspected BAT were initially evaluated with US in the emergency department by surgeons. Subsequent computed tomographic scan or exploratory laparotomy was performed as indicated by the key clinical pathway. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (5.2%) had documented intra-abdominal injuries. All five injured @entity1 with significant intraperitoneal fluid were identified by US. Of the seven @entity1 who had intra-abdominal injury not detected by US, six sustained solid organ injuries that were managed nonoperatively. @entity353 in hospital charges due to the decreased number of computed tomographic scans total  130,000. CONCLUSIONS: Using US as a triage tool may dramatically reduce the cost of pediatric BAT evaluation while being able to quickly identify significant intraperitoneal fluid that requires further evaluation and possible laparotomy.

title: Ultrasound is an effective triage tool to evaluate blunt XXXX in the pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapolated reductions']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To carry out a systematic review of program outcomes used in the evaluation of group-based self-management interventions aimed at @entity1 with @entity625 and other chronic conditions. METHODS: The systematic search was performed across databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Both between-group and within-group effect sizes (ES) were calculated. Results were interpreted as small (ES  ~  0.2), medium (ES  ~  0.5), or large (ES  ~  0.8) effects. RESULTS: The majority of 18 included trials investigated the effectiveness of @entity625 -specific interventions. Across most outcomes, small effects on course @entity1 were shown. While effects on knowledge were large (between-group ES  =  0.78), effects on clinical outcomes such as @entity158 (ES  =  0.10) were negligible to small. CONCLUSIONS: This paper is consistent with other reviews in this area, suggesting that @entity1 with @entity625 receive only marginal benefits from participating in @entity102 self-management interventions. When looking at the types of outcomes that trials are based on, however, alternative explanations for these results seem probable. As evaluations heavily rely on @entity1 self-report, current approaches to program evaluation may not be sufficient to assess the intended impact of self-management education. An in-depth investigation of the types of outcomes assessed is provided in a separate paper.

title: A systematic review of outcomes of XXXX self-management interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Published data on kidneys transplanted after resecting small @entity703 during the transplantation surgery are very rare and, to the best of our knowledge, no pediatric cases have been reported in the literature. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: Our @entity1 was diagnosed with a bilateral @entity3969 when he was 15 months old. A total bilateral nephrectomy was required to control the disease. Two years later, a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical living-donor transplant from his father was performed. A small mass in the father's left kidney was diagnosed as an @entity359 during the pretransplant donor evaluation. During the surgery, the mass was excised and the kidney implanted. One week later, the pathological study revealed the mass to be a @entity1358 . After joint discussion, the urologic and nephrologic teams and the family decided to maintain the transplant, managing the @entity1 with monotherapy based on @entity3446 and close ultrasound control. To date, 8 years after transplantation, no signs of @entity5 have been detected, and renal function is normal. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported pediatric case of a living-donor graft with a small @entity703 excised in the operating room. No @entity5 has been observed in 8 years of follow-up.

title: Living-donor transplantation after excision of unrecognized XXXX diagnosed after transplant.

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancers', 'renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Resuscitation research with an @entity12870 ( @entity12870 ) has not been reported in the inpatient or pediatric setting, and little practical information exists to guide application of @entity12870 regulations to inpatient or pediatric research. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of conducting inpatient pediatric resuscitation research with @entity12870 using handouts to communicate with parents of potential @entity1 and to determine how many parents would likely allow their @entity1 to participate in such research. DESIGN: Verbal questionnaire. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care units. @entity1 : Parents of pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Three one-page handouts described proposed studies; version 1 described a trial of a new medication given during @entity1167 , and versions 2a and 2b described of a trial of induced @entity2332 , with version 2a in paragraph format and version 2b in bullet format. We asked parents of pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 to review the handouts, and then we administered a verbal questionnaire to assess parental reactions to the handouts and to determine how many parents would allow their @entity1 to participate. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One or both parents of 91 @entity1 were asked to participate; 100% agreed. Sixty-three percent said they would likely allow their @entity1 to participate in resuscitation research with @entity12870 if they were given a prospective opportunity to opt out. Parents who reviewed version 2b (bullet format) were more likely than parents who reviewed version 2a (paragraph format) to say that they would let their @entity1 participate. Parents were more supportive of a trial of induced @entity2332 than of a trial of a new medication given during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Parents endorsed conducting the community consultation process for inpatient resuscitation research with families and healthcare providers of @entity3124 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient pediatric resuscitation research is feasible using handouts to inform parents of a study and provide a prospective opportunity to opt out. Succinct, bullet-format handouts will yield higher participation rates than paragraph-format handouts.

title: A paradigm for inpatient resuscitation research with an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['EFIC', 'exception from informed consent']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity12870 :: (MESH:D055191,Disease) :: ['exception from informed consent']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ) are known to have significantly reduced functional abilities, as measured by the @entity3355 ( @entity3355 ). We investigated the clinical correlates with @entity3355 scores in a cohort of @entity1 with lesser degrees of @entity8 recruited from an academic general medicine practice (mean calculated creatinine clearance, 25 mL/min). Of 603 eligible @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) defined as a serum @entity1011 greater than 1.5 mg/dL and a calculated creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min on two occasions more than 6 months apart, 360 (60%) agreed to participate. These @entity1 were primarily elderly (mean age, 69 years) black (83%), @entity1 (69.2%), with an average of 6 years of education and a household income of  400 to  800 per month; 92% had @entity101 and 57% had @entity6 . The @entity3355 was administered in-home by trained interviewers. Independent variables included demographic data, education, income, and medications (via interviewers), vital signs taken by a renal nurse, and diagnostic test results and diagnoses from @entity1 's computerized records. The total @entity3355 score was the dependent variable, and its physical and psychosocial subscales were also investigated. Variables with univariate correlations with total @entity3355 (P < 0.05) were included in a multiple regression analysis. All variables with a multivariable P value less than 0.10 were included in the final model. The mean @entity3355 score was 24.5 +/- 15.6, higher than that found in @entity1 on dialysis. Significant (P < 0.05) independent correlates with higher @entity3355 scores (greater disability) were lower educational level and income, prior diagnoses of @entity453 and @entity64 , and lower serum albumin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Clinical correlates of functional status in XXXX with @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['Sickness Impact Profile', 'SIP']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'CRI']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Congenital absence of the @entity825 is a rare cause of @entity9972 . Experimental studies show that it is probably caused by disorders in a system of folds in the tracheo-oesophageal space rather than abnormalities of a tracheo-oesophageal septum. A literature review disclosed 82 cases of @entity9933 , which showed male predominance and an association with prematurity and @entity2978 . In 90% of cases associated @entity600 were present, most frequently affecting the cardiovascular or gastro-intestinal systems and the genito-urinary tract. Clinical signs of @entity9933 or @entity1146 are @entity1576 , often with severe @entity649 , absence of audible crying and difficult or impossible endotracheal intubation. At present, curative repair and survival are impossible unless there is enough proximal or distal @entity825 to create a tracheostoma. Important ongoing research is aimed at tissue-engineered cartilage for surgical repair of @entity8276 . CONCLUSION: @entity9933 , although very rare, can be recognised from a characteristic clinical pattern. Mostly associated @entity600 are present. Research into tissue-engineering might lead to possibilities for definitive surgical repair of @entity9933 or @entity1146 ; however, until curative repair becomes possible, prolonged ventilation via the oesophageal tube does not seem to be worthwhile.

title: Congenital absence of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal defects']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity9933 :: ('MESH:C536975', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal agenesis', 'Tracheal agenesis']

entities_list: @entity9972 :: ('MESH:D012127', 'Disease') :: ['severe neonatal respiratory distress']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A previous small study showed lower serum ferritin levels in subjects with @entity4676 than in healthy subjects. The authors measured peripheral @entity68 indices in a large group of @entity4676 and comparison subjects and explored associations of ferritin levels with regional brain volumes. METHOD: Ferritin was measured in 107 @entity1 and adults (63 @entity4676 , 44 comparison); serum @entity68 was measured in 73 (41 @entity4676 , 32 comparison). Magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to measure volumes of the basal ganglia and cortical gray matter. RESULTS: Ferritin and serum @entity68 were significantly lower in the @entity4676 subjects, although still within the normal range. No association was found between tic severity and either @entity68 index. In the @entity4676 subjects, ferritin did not correlate significantly with caudate volume but did correlate positively with putamen volume. In the comparison subjects, ferritin correlated inversely with caudate volume but did not correlate significantly with putamen volume. Irrespective of diagnosis, ferritin correlated positively with volumes of the sensorimotor, midtemporal, and subgenual cortices. CONCLUSIONS: The lower peripheral ferritin and @entity68 levels in @entity1 with @entity4676 are consistent with findings in other @entity717 and suggest that lower @entity68 availability may have a causal role in the pathophysiology of @entity1765 . Lower @entity68 stores may contribute to @entity509 of the caudate and putamen, increasing vulnerability to developing tics or to having more severe tics. Lower @entity68 stores may also contribute to smaller cortical volumes and consequently to reduced inhibitory control of tics.

title: Ferritin levels and their association with regional brain volumes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic disorders']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ["Tourette's syndrome"]

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['Tourette's syndrome']


abstract: @entity11 are highly aggressive @entity5 that are very resistant to current therapeutic approaches, including irradiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. To improve the prognosis, it is absolutely essential to explore novel modalities of treatment. Recently, we have demonstrated that @entity9302 ( @entity9302 ), a @entity1 homologue of the @entity2199 cell death gene @entity36786 , induces apoptotic cell death in @entity11 cells. To date, @entity9302 and @entity9302 -like proteases (the @entity9302 family), such as @entity15097 , @entity522 , Mch2alpha, and Mch3alpha, have been shown to mediate apoptosis in some cells. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the @entity9302 gene family functions as a useful tool for the treatment of @entity11 cells through induction of apoptosis. The transient transfection assays showed that @entity522 and Mch2alpha genes induced apoptotic cell death in @entity11 cells more effectively than did the @entity9302 , @entity15097 , and Mch3alpha genes. To improve the efficiency of gene transfer into @entity11 cells, we constructed the retroviral vectors containing the @entity9302 gene family. The retroviral transfer of @entity522 or Mch2alpha gene effectively induced apoptosis in @entity11 cells in vitro. Furthermore, treatment of @entity5 grown in @entity19 with retrovirus containing @entity522 significantly inhibited growth of the @entity5 through induction of apoptosis. The retroviral transfer of @entity522 or Mch2alpha, therefore, may be a novel and promising approach for the treatment of @entity11 , an invariably fatal @entity5 .

title: Retroviral transfer of @entity522 gene into XXXX in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas', 'malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity9302 :: ('834', 'Gene') :: ['ICE', 'interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: The most widely used screening test for the diagnosis of @entity3377 in the @entity235 is the rapid slide agglutination test in the presence of @entity6514 ( @entity6514 -RSAT). The diagnosis is partially confirmed by the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) and definitively confirmed by bacteriological isolation. Some chronic cases not detected by these tests may be detected by ELISA tests. The use of 2ME-RSAT in routine clinical practice requires a microscope and an experienced operator. An immunochromatographic diagnostic test for @entity235 @entity3377 (FASTest(  ) Brucella c., Megacor, H  rbranz, Austria) has been recently released. In this study, we compared the diagnostic performance of the FASTest with those of 2ME-RSAT, @entity1062 and ELISAs. Sera from 17 healthy @entity235 used as negative controls yielded negative results by FASTest, indicating a 100% specificity in this sample. Among 27 sera of @entity235 with acute or subacute @entity3377 confirmed by @entity14991 isolation, all of which were positive by RSAT and ELISAs, the FASTest was positive in 24 cases and @entity1062 in 23. In acute and subacute cases, the sensitivity of FASTest was 89%. Sera from six @entity235 with bacteriologically confirmed @entity102 , which were positive by ELISAs but negative by 2ME-RSAT, were also tested; 1 was positive by FASTest and 4 were positive by @entity1062 . These preliminary results indicate a good specificity of the FASTest (100% in this sample) but an unacceptable sensitivity as a screening test. In cases with @entity102 , the sensitivity of the FASTest was lower than that of ELISAs but this assay could make a good intermediate test to be run after a positive RSAT and before running an @entity1062 .

title: Preliminary study of an immunochromatography test for serological diagnosis of XXXX @entity3377 .

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol', '2ME']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['AGID', 'agar gel immunodiffusion test']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: All reported cases of non-catheter induced @entity49 in @entity1 with @entity447 or B have been carefully evaluated. A total of 27 cases were reported,12 @entity1 with @entity447 and 15 @entity1 with @entity4777 . The age of @entity1 varied between 9 and 67 years. There were 10 cases of @entity1150 , 8 @entity1 with @entity1151 accompanied or not by @entity1150 , 5 cases of @entity715 . In addition, there were 3 cases of @entity715 in unusual sites (1 retinal central vein @entity715 and 2 portal vein @entity715 ). Finally, in one case, @entity49 was multiple. There was a fatality in a @entity4777 @entity1 with @entity1151 . The most frequent risk or triggering factor in @entity447 was the administration of Feiba or rFVIIa concentrates in @entity1 with inhibitors. Surgery together with @entity556 Complex concentrates was the most frequent cause in @entity4777 @entity1 . Congenital associated prothrombotic risk factors were present in two @entity1 . No or very few therapeutic procedures were initiated in these @entity1 but for a suspension or reduction of concentrates infusion. In a few instances low molecular weight heparin was given for a few days. The frequent association of @entity49 with infusion of concentrates indicates the need for a careful evaluation of @entity1 about to receive such therapy.

title: Non-catheter associated @entity49 in XXXX and B. A critical review of all reported cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['superficial vein thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of clinical course and outcome of @entity1121 in a representative Greek population. BACKGROUND: @entity1121 is characterized by unexplained @entity4346 and varied clinical expression. Recent studies suggest ethnic differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-four consecutive Greek @entity1 (117 male, 57 female, age 47+/-16 years) from 143 different families were assessed at the Department of Cardiology of the University of Athens, Greece, and the State Cardiac Department, Hippokration Hospital, both located in Athens, Greece. To reduce selection bias, referral was based on disease diagnosis irrespective of clinical status or treatment needs. All @entity1 were examined clinically, echocardiographically, and by ECG ambulatory monitoring at 6-month intervals for a period of 74+/-22 months (range, 8 to 108 months). RESULTS: Most @entity1 (n = 156, 89.7%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I or II. The disease was familial (at least one affected first-degree relative) in 81 of the 143 families (56.6%), and in 19 of these (13.3%) there was familial history of @entity1164 . At initial examination, intraventricular septal thickness was 17.3+/-4.1 mm and posterior wall thickness was 13.7+/-3.8 mm and a left ventricular outflow gradient >30 mm Hg was present in 58 @entity1 (33.3%). Similar were the findings during the last examination (17.5+/-4.3 mm, 13.5+/-4.4 mm, and 56 (32.2%, respectively, p = not significant). Episodes of nonsustained @entity1165 were noted in 15 @entity1 (8.6%). There were eight @entity204 during follow-up: four sudden @entity204 and four from intractable @entity712 . @entity1163 was reported by all @entity1 who died. The annual mortality in this study was 1%. @entity1163 and NYHA class were the only predictors of outcome. CONCLUSIONS: In this representative Greek @entity1 cohort with @entity1121 , the arrhythmogenic substrate was modest and the clinical course benign. @entity1164 was infrequent and @entity1163 , functional class, and @entity943 were the only predictors of a poor outcome.

title: XXXX in Greece: clinical course and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2383 are responsible for a variety of @entity16 . Specific mitochondrial DNA mutations have been identified recently in some of these rare disorders. Clinical symptoms may occur in different organs to various extent; often they are associated with progressive @entity393 . The aims of this study were to determine incidence, onset, and characteristics of @entity393 in @entity1 with mitochondrial @entity17903 and to investigate a possible correlation between the degree of @entity393 and @entity16 . In addition, we investigated the prognostic value of @entity393 as a predictor of the disease. STUDY DESIGN: From August 1992 to September 1998, 29 @entity1 ranging in age from 5 to 23 years (mean years) were studied. These @entity1 were hospitalized for diagnostic purposes in the neuropediatric department. METHODS: The @entity2383 was diagnosed by clinical and laboratory testings, including analysis of the mtDNA. Audiological evaluation consisted of measurements of pure-tone and speech audiometry, tympanometry, and acoustic refle- threshold testing, auditory brainstem response, and evoked as well as distortion-product otoacoustic emissions. RESULTS: A @entity1274 was identified in 12 @entity1 . Three of these were diagnosed as having classic @entity12295 ; five as having multisystem KSS; two as having the syndrome of mitochondrial @entity20066 ( @entity20066 ); one as having @entity20066 ; and one as having @entity7960 . Longitudinal testing was performed in seven @entity1 , and in all of them a progression of the @entity393 could be demonstrated. Audiological test results in all 12 @entity1 suggested cochlear as well as retrocochlear origin of the @entity393 presenting independently from the severity of @entity393 . No correlation between the characteristics and degrees of @entity393 and the number and severity of clinical @entity16 could be found. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated a high incidence (42%) of @entity1274 in @entity1 with mitochondrial @entity17903 . The progressive nature of the @entity393 was confirmed by a significant correlation between the duration in years and severity of @entity393 in the @entity1 . The @entity393 does not have a prognostic value for the @entity74 . Based on our findings, we recommend regular audiometric examinations in @entity1 with @entity2383 .

title: Progressive @entity1274 in @entity1 with mitochondrial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20066 :: ('MESH:D017241', 'Disease') :: ['MELAS', 'KSS-MELAS overlap syndrome', 'myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes']

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ['Friedreich ataxia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological syndromes', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity12295 :: ('MESH:D007625', 'Disease') :: ['Kearns-Sayre syndrome']

entities_list: @entity17903 :: ('MESH:D017237', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progression of the disorder']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disorder', 'mitochondrial disorders', 'Mitochondrial disorders']

answer: @entity17903 :: (MESH:D017237,Disease) :: ['encephalomyopathies']


abstract: Long-chain n-3 @entity1718 can lower the risk of lifestyle-related diseases, therefore, we introduced a plant @entity844 desaturation3 (FAD3) gene into @entity1 cells. The FAD3 cDNA was isolated from the immature seeds of scarlet flax and optimized to @entity1 high-frequency codon usage for enhancement of its expression levels in @entity1 cells (hFAD3). We introduced the gene into @entity291 muscle satellite cells, which can be differentiated into multilocular adipocytes in vitro. After hFAD3 transfection, the cells were differentiated into adipocytes and their @entity844 composition was analyzed by gas chromatography. The level of @entity7461 (18:3n-3) in transfected adipocytes increased about ten-fold compared with non-transfected adipocytes. In addition, the levels of @entity23165 ( @entity16771 , 22:5n-3) and @entity4600 ( @entity4601 , 22:6n-3) in transfected adipocytes were significantly higher than those in non-transfected adipocytes. Moreover, we produced @entity291 cloned embryos from the hFAD3 cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Blastocyst rates of hFAD3 clones were the same as the control clones using the non-transfected cells (21% vs 27%, P > 0.05). hFAD3 transcripts were detected in all of the blastocysts. These results demonstrate the functional expression of a plant hFAD3 in @entity1 adipocytes, and normal development of cloned embryos carrying the hFAD3 gene.

title: Functional expression of a humanized gene for an omega-3 fatty acid desaturase from scarlet flax in transfected @entity291 adipocytes and XXXX embryos cloned from the cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity23165 :: ('MESH:C026219', 'Chemical') :: ['docosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gastrointestinal symptoms and signs are rarely the main clinical presentation of @entity573 ( @entity573 ). In the present study, we report a series of @entity1 with @entity573 in whom a gastroenterology consult was obtained before consideration of the diagnosis of @entity573 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 with @entity573 admitted to @entity1 's Hospital Colorado from January 2009 through February 2011 with prominent @entity344 , resulting in @entity344 before their diagnosis of @entity573 . RESULTS: We identified 7 of 118 (6%) @entity1 with @entity573 who met our criteria. All 7 @entity1 were males, and the median age at admission was 9.7 years. All @entity1 had @entity490 and @entity221 at presentation. Vomiting, @entity294 , and clinical @entity1087 were present in 70%, 50%, and 43% of @entity1 , respectively. Aminotransferases and/or y-glutamyl transpeptidase abnormalities were observed in 6 (89%) @entity1 . All of the @entity1 had @entity221 and @entity1910 on admission, and 86% had nonexudative @entity2024 and 71% had mucosal changes. Median duration of illness at gastroenterology consultation was 5 days, whereas median duration of illness at @entity166 was 6 days. One @entity1 developed @entity453 and 2 @entity1 had intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant @entity573 . CONCLUSIONS: Gastroenterologists should be aware of gastrointestinal presentations of @entity573 . @entity344 in the presence of @entity221 , and 1 or 2 of the major clinical signs of @entity573 , should prompt consideration of @entity573 in the differential diagnosis.

title: XXXX and the pediatric gastroenterologist: a diagnostic challenge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms', 'Unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms', 'gastrointestinal service consultation']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease consultation']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery dilation']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: In essential @entity101 , ventricular function is determined primarily by the degree of @entity1184 ( @entity296 ) and by organic complications in the coronary artery (coronary factor). Ventricular function is inversely correlated with ventricular size and systolic wall stress, inasmuch as ventricular function diminishes when these two variables increase. Even the young @entity101 heart of normal size with no @entity854 appears to be prone to @entity63 , because the coronary reserve is seriously limited even in the absence of @entity3979 . Unlike ventricular distensibility, myocardial compliance may be normal, even in the presence of pronounced @entity1283 . As myocardial compliance decreases, systolic wall stress increases and ventricular function is reduced. The @entity101 heart, the most common form of an irregular @entity1184 of the ventricular wall, is found in 14% of such cases. Analysis of the degree of @entity1184 shows that the @entity1184 can be inappropriately high (high mass-to-volume ratio, reduced wall stress), appropriate, or inappropriately low (normal mass-to-volume ratio, increased wall stress). One of the profound mechanisms influencing both myocardial and coronary function in @entity101 is the pressure-dependent development of smooth vascular @entity1184 (media) or coronary resistance vessels. Consequently, the @entity26 supply to the @entity1562 is impaired and secondary lesions occur such as @entity82 , increased myocardial and perivascular collagen content and scars within the heart muscle. @entity67 develops, as well as an increase in @entity296 , thus promoting the transition from the concentric (compensated) to the eccentric or dilated (decompensated) state, with the consequence of the occurrence of @entity712 . On the basis of both functional and morphological criteria, evidence is presented in this report that @entity301 is one of the underlying mechanism for the development of @entity712 in @entity101 .

title: Development of XXXX by @entity301 in @entity101 ?

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial factor', 'myocardial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['cardiac failure']


abstract: The objective was to investigate the relationship between elevated plasma nonesterified @entity844 ( @entity3691 ) concentration and @entity8788 resistance in Holstein @entity291 . Six nonlactating, nongestating, ruminally cannulated Holstein @entity291 were blocked by body condition score and randomly assigned to a sequence of 2 treatments in a crossover design. @entity291 were offered legume and grass hay ad libitum supplemented with minerals and @entity2221 and were allowed free access to water and a trace mineralized salt block. Mobilization of body reserves was stimulated by withdrawing forage for 48 h before initiation of treatments. Treatments consisted of 11 hourly abomasal infusions of water (control) or @entity1670 (NA; 6 mg/h per kg of body weight) as an antilipolytic agent. Infusions of NA decreased plasma @entity3691 concentration from 545 microEq/L to approximately 100 microEq/L within 2 h after initiation of treatments, and differences were maintained throughout infusions. Intravenous @entity413 tolerance test was performed 8 h after initiation of treatments and was followed by 3 h of blood sampling. The reduction of plasma @entity3691 concentration led to significantly greater @entity413 clearance rate (1.9 vs. 1.2%/min) and to decreased @entity413 half-life (37 vs. 58 min), time to reach basal concentration (81 vs. 114 min) and @entity413 response area under the curve during 180 min of sampling [6,942 vs. 10,085 (microIU/mL) x 180 min]. Enhanced @entity413 clearance was achieved when plasma @entity3691 was reduced by NA, despite lower @entity8788 concentration (70.0 vs. 97.9 +/- 13.4 microIU/mL) and a tendency for smaller @entity8788 response area under the curve during 180 min of sampling [7,646 vs. 12,104 +/- 2,587 (microIU/mL) x 180 min], reflecting an increased response to endogenous @entity8788 . Based on literature, we do not expect NA to have altered @entity413 metabolism directly; therefore, this experiment demonstrates a cause and effect relationship between elevated @entity3691 and @entity8788 resistance in Holstein @entity291 .

title: Reduction of plasma XXXX concentration by @entity1670 enhances the response to @entity8788 in feed-restricted Holstein @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3691 :: (MESH:D005230,Chemical) :: ['NEFA']


abstract: Symptomatic @entity7723 ( @entity7723 ) as found in South-East Asia is uncommon in India. However, the presence of Hb @entity16655 's in cord blood samples has been reported from different parts of India and the prevalence of @entity7723 has ranged from 0.5 to 18% by different electrophoretic techniques. The methodology utilised has ranged from paper electrophoresis to isoelectric focussing (IEF). We screened 798 cord bloods for the presence of Hb @entity16655 's by cellulose @entity598 electrophoresis and found a prevalence rate of @entity7723 of 15.3% in a heterogenous population in Bombay. A comparison of four different electrophoretic techniques for detection of Hb @entity16655 's in 138 neonates showed that cellulose @entity598 and starch gel electrophoresis were by and large comparable and only a little less sensitive than IEF. Paper electrophoresis used at many centers in India was most insensitive. As alpha-genotyping is not possible at most centers in the country, it is suggested that a simple @entity27238 electrophoresis would be the method of choice for screening neonates for @entity7723 in India. As a part of our follow-up study, alpha-genotyping was done by Southern blot hybridization in 24 cases who had shown variable levels of Hb @entity16655 's at birth. The rightward deletion (-alpha3.7/) either in a heterozygous or homozygous condition was the only gene defect encountered in this preliminary study. However, 7 of 24 cases (29.17%) showed no correlation between Hb @entity16655 's level and alpha-genotypes.

title: Is cellulose XXXX electrophoresis a suitable technique for detection of Hb @entity16655 's at birth?

entities_list: @entity7723 :: ('MESH:D017085', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-thal', 'alpha-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity27238 :: ('MESH:C005062', 'Chemical') :: ['cellulose acetate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

answer: @entity598 :: (CHEBI:47622,Chemical) :: ['acetate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in the treatment of @entity726 . METHODS: The preoperative and postoperative courses of 68 eyes of 68 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Study @entity1 had diverse forms of @entity726 , and most had failed maximal medical therapy as well as failed filtration or transscleral cyclodestructive procedures, or both. Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation treatment encompassed 180 to 360 degrees of the ciliary body circumference and was performed through a limbal incision (56 eyes, 12 of which underwent concurrent @entity231 extraction) or pars plana incision (12 eyes). A second laser treatment was required in five eyes (7%). RESULTS: During the mean follow-up period of 12.9 months, mean +/- SD intraocular pressure decreased from 27.7 +/- 10.3 mm Hg preoperatively to 17.0 +/- 6.7 mm Hg at the final postoperative visit (P < .0001), for a mean reduction of 10.7 mm Hg and a mean percent decrease of 34%. @entity735 (90%) achieved an intraocular pressure < or = 21 mm Hg. Using this definition of success, Kaplan-Meier analysis predicted a successful outcome in 94% of @entity1 after 1 year and 82% after 2 years. The mean number of @entity726 medications used by each @entity1 was reduced from 3.0 +/- 1.3 preoperatively to 2.0 +/- 1.3 postoperatively (P < .0001). Best-corrected visual acuity was stable or improved in 64 eyes (94%), with four (6%) losing 2 or more lines of Snellen acuity. No case of @entity8814 (intraocular pressure < 5 mm Hg) or phthisis was observed. CONCLUSION: These early results suggest that endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for @entity726 .

title: Endoscopic photocoagulation of the ciliary body for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['refractory glaucomas', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Sixty-one eyes']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['refractory glaucomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of " @entity13593 " is essentially based on the disclosure of hypoglycemic agents in blood or urine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a quantitative method for determination of @entity16860 , @entity11243 , @entity15506 , @entity23375 , and @entity5217 in serum. METHODS: Serum samples (1 mL), with internal standard added, were purified by solid-phase extraction on @entity12522 (TM) HLB cartridges (Waters), dried under reduced pressure, and reconstituted with 30-60 microL of @entity1626 : @entity2507 . Analysis was carried out by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in 5 mmol/L borate, 5 mmol/L @entity1391 , 75 mmol/L @entity658 , pH 8.5, containing 25 mL/L @entity1042 . Separation was accomplished in a 20 cm x 50 microm (i.d.) silica capillary at 25 degrees C and a constant voltage of +10 kV. Pharmacokinetics of @entity23375 (80-mg tablet) in a @entity6 @entity1 were assayed by both HPLC and CE. Two hypoglycemic @entity1 positive by HPLC analysis for unreported @entity23375 and @entity11243 @entity1445 were also screened by CE. RESULTS: Separation of six drugs (including the internal standard) was accomplished in 5 min plus 5 min rinsing. The between-day CV of the ratio of the areas of the @entity4136 drugs to internal standard was <1% (n = 10). Linearity (r(2) > or =0.998) and recovery (> or =80%) were good for all @entity4136 drugs tested. Pharmacokinetic curves for @entity23375 by CE and HPLC were superimposable. CE analysis confirmed the HPLC diagnosis of surreptitious abuse of @entity23375 and @entity11243 . CONCLUSION: CE is a useful tool in the clinical chemistry and toxicology laboratory for drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic investigations.

title: Comparison of capillary electrophoresis with HPLC for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity23375 :: ('MESH:D005907', 'Chemical') :: ['gliclazide']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity13593 :: ('MESH:D005162', 'Disease') :: ['factitious hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity15506 :: ('MESH:D005913', 'Chemical') :: ['glipizide']

entities_list: @entity658 :: ('MESH:D020358', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cholate']

entities_list: @entity16860 :: ('MESH:D002747', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpropamide']

answer: @entity13593 :: (MESH:D005162,Disease) :: ['factitious hypoglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations in parkin and PTEN-induced protein kinase ( @entity193 ) represent the two most common causes of @entity191 . The possibility that heterozygous mutations in these genes also predispose to disease or lower the age of disease onset has been suggested, but currently there is insufficient data to verify this hypothesis conclusively. OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency and spectrum of parkin and @entity193 gene mutations and to investigate the role of heterozygous mutations as a risk factor for early-onset @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: All exons and exon-intron boundaries of @entity193 and parkin were sequenced in 250 @entity1 with early-onset @entity191 and 276 normal controls. Gene dosage measurements were also performed, using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays. RESULTS: In total 41 variants were found, of which 8 have not been previously described (parkin: @entity53250 , @entity53251 , @entity53252 , @entity53253 , @entity53254 ; @entity193 : @entity50167 , p.T420T, @entity53255 ). 1.60% of @entity1 were homozygous or compound heterozygous for pathogenic mutations. Heterozygosity for pathogenic parkin or @entity193 mutations was over-represented in @entity1 compared with healthy controls (4.00% vs. 1.81%) but the difference was not significant (p = 0.13). The mean age at disease onset was significantly lower in @entity1 with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations than in @entity1 with heterozygous mutations (mean difference 11 years, 95% CI 1.4 to 20.6, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in the mean age at disease onset in heterozygous @entity1 compared with @entity1 without a mutation in parkin or @entity193 (mean difference 2 years, 95% CI -3.7 to 7.0, p = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support a trend towards a higher frequency of heterozygosity for pathogenic parkin or @entity193 mutations in @entity1 compared with normal controls, but this effect was small and did not reach significance in our cohort of 250 cases and 276 controls.

title: Parkin and @entity193 mutations in early-onset XXXX : comprehensive screening in publicly available cases and control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity50167 :: ('p|SUB|P|52|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.P52L']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive parkinsonism', "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since @entity1272 occurs frequently in @entity1140 treated @entity1 , we studied the correlation between renal @entity1760 wasting and @entity1140 blood levels in renal transplant patients. METHODS: Serum @entity1760 , fractional excretion of @entity1760 (FEMg), and 24-hour urinary excretion of @entity1760 were measured in 41 transplant @entity1 and 10 healthy volunteers for correlation with @entity1140 level. RESULTS: Of @entity1140 -treated @entity1 , 43% displayed @entity1272 . FEMg (7.42+/-3.59% versus 1.88+/-0.43%) and 24-hour urinary excretion (112.36+/-51.43 mg/dL versus 6.7+/-2.79 mg/dL) were significantly higher among @entity1140 -treated @entity1 than controls. @entity1760 replacement did not influence FEMg or 24-hour urinary @entity1760 excretion. @entity1140 level was the best predictor of 24-hour urinary @entity1760 excretion and FEMg. Serum @entity1760 levels correlated inversely with @entity1140 concentrations and @entity1011 clearance. CONCLUSION: @entity1272 in renal transplant recipients results from renal @entity1760 wasting. @entity1140 levels and renal function impact on the excess renal @entity1760 excretion. Studies of longer duration are warranted to assess the long-term effects of this early posttransplant @entity1272 .

title: @entity1140 -associated XXXX in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia', 'Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity1272 :: (MESH:C537153,Disease) :: ['hypomagnesemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vastus lateralis release for @entity158 . We have also compared the results of open method versus arthroscopic method using a @entity23008 :YAG laser system (OmniPulse Holmium Laser System; Trimedyne Inc, Irvine, CA). TYPE OF STUDY: This study was a nonrandomized control and cross-over trial. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with 17 @entity158 who underwent vastus lateralis release were included in this study. The average age of @entity1 was 14.3 +/- 2.2 years. In 7 knees of 6 @entity1 , vastus lateralis release was performed through a skin incision over the bipartite fragment, and in 10 knees of 9 @entity1 , we performed the procedure arthroscopically with the holmium:YAG laser. We assessed clinical and radiographic data of the @entity1 chronologically in both groups. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , @entity158 over the fragment disappeared within 4 weeks after the operation, and all returned to their previous sports activities at an average of 3.1 +/- 0.9 months postoperatively. Clinical assessment was classified as excellent in 13 knees and good in 4 knees. Bone union at 6 months after the operation was complete in 11 knees (64.7%) and incomplete in 6 knees (35.3%), and none of the knees was graded as not healed. Bone union in @entity1 with an age of 15 or younger was significantly better than that in @entity1 over 15 years of age (P <.05). Release under arthroscopy showed statistically better results in duration of knee effusion (P <.05), return of circumference of thigh (P <.05), and return of muscle strength (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Because vastus lateralis release is less invasive surgery with good results, we conclude that this procedure can be a first choice of operative treatment for @entity158 .

title: Vastus lateralis release for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful bipartite patella']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful bipartite patella']


abstract: 1. The structural basis for the different activation kinetics of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated (HCN) channels was investigated with the whole-cell patch clamp technique by using @entity40249 , @entity26039 , chimeric channels and mutants in a @entity1 expression system (COS-7). 2. The activation time constant of @entity26039 was about 40-fold longer than that of @entity40249 when compared at -100 mV. 3. In chimeras between @entity40249 and @entity26039 , the region of the S1 transmembrane domain and the exoplasmic S1-S2 linker markedly affected the activation kinetics. The cytoplasmic region between S6 and the cyclic @entity377 -binding domain (CNBD) also significantly affected the activation kinetics. 4. The S1 domain and S1-S2 linker of @entity40249 differ from those of @entity26039 at eight @entity535 residues, and each single point mutation of them changed the activation kinetics less than 2-fold. However, the effects of those mutations were additive and the substitution of the whole S1 and S1-S2 region of @entity40249 by that of @entity26039 resulted in a 10- to 20-fold slowing. 5. The results indicate that S1 and S1-S2, and S6-CNBD are the crucial components for the activation gating of HCN channels.

title: Determinants of activation kinetics in XXXX hyperpolarization-activated cation channels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement in treating postoperative consecutive @entity5770 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review on 31 @entity1 with consecutive @entity5770 who were treated with unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection (17 @entity1 ) or unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle partial resection combined with advancement (14 @entity1 ). All @entity1 had @entity5770 with a less than 10 prism diopters (PD) distance near-disparity. The characteristics studied before surgery included type of @entity5971 surgery, detection of @entity4457 , presence of an "A" or "V" pattern, @entity4785 , limitation of adduction, deviation angle measurement, and forced duction testing. Ocular alignment and status of adduction postoperatively at the last follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (61.3%) had @entity4457 , 17 @entity1 (54.8%) had limitation of adduction, 8 @entity1 (25.8%) had @entity4785 , and 5 @entity1 (16.1%) had an "A" or "V" pattern. The mean preoperative exodeviation was 47.3 PD. Overall 21 (67.7%) of 31 @entity1 achieved a successful postoperative result (alignment within 10 PD of orthophoria). There was no significant difference in successful alignment in @entity1 treated with unilateral medial rectus muscle resection compared with those treated with unilateral medial rectus muscle partial resection combined with advancement. There was no influence of @entity4457 on the result. Twelve (70.6%) of the 17 @entity1 with limited adduction preoperatively showed normalization of adduction postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement is an effective alternative for treating postoperative consecutive @entity5770 .

title: Unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus muscle resection with or without advancement for postoperative consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['dissociated vertical deviation']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['exotropia']


abstract: There is a lot of debate on the treatment method for spontaneous @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). Intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) provides excellent images of @entity75 . In this paper, we describe the surgical procedure and the efficacy of iCT during lobar @entity548 evacuations and subsequent @entity1 outcomes. Fifty-eight @entity1 with lobar @entity548 were treated using iCT. We performed preoperative cerebral angiography and/or three-dimensional (3D) CT angiography to detect abnormal vessels and identify the spatial relationships between the cerebrovascular structures and the @entity1410 . After administration of local anesthesia, an enlarged burr-hole was created just above the @entity1410 . Microsurgical evacuation of the @entity1410 was performed, and an iCT image was obtained to assess real-time 3D information on residual @entity1410 or unexpected rebleeding. Mean @entity1410 volume, evacuation rate, and duration of the surgery were 42 mL, 93 %, and 89 min respectively. Postoperative rebleeding occurred in 1 case. The median Glasgow Coma Scale score upon admission was 12. At discharge, most @entity1 (60 %) had good functional outcomes defined by modified Rankin Scale scores of 0-3. Postoperative neurological findings and consciousness levels showed early improvement. Safe, accurate, and effective evacuation of lobar @entity548 was possible with iCT as an image-guided intraoperative navigation tool.

title: Usefulness of intraoperative computed tomography for the evacuation of lobar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) in families of @entity1 with @entity5 with its use in those with routine pediatric conditions. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: @entity34 refers to healing practices such as therapeutic massage, acupuncture, and use of medicinal herbs that have become increasingly popular with the general public, but are not widely accepted by the medical profession. Although studies have investigated the use of @entity34 in the families of both healthy @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity5 , no comparison of the incidence of its use between these two populations has been published. We hypothesized that @entity34 was used more frequently among the families of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: Using a prevalence survey design, we interviewed 81 parents of @entity1 with @entity5 attending a pediatric hematology/oncology clinic and 80 parents of @entity1 attending a continuity care clinic for routine check-ups and acute care. We explored the types of @entity34 being used, the reasons for its use, and the frequency with which it was discussed with the @entity1 's physician. RESULTS: 1) Overall, 65% of the @entity5 group were using @entity34 , compared with 51% of the control group. This was not statistically significant. 2) Prayer, exercise, and @entity446 were three @entity34 practices most often used by the @entity5 group, and prayer, massage, and @entity446 by the control group. 3) Discussion of @entity34 with the physician varied according to group, with 53% of the @entity5 @entity1 discussing its use; income level, with 59% of parents in the higher income group discussing its use; and ethnicity, with 47% of whites discussing its use. CONCLUSION: Use of @entity34 is not limited to the families of @entity1 with life-challenging illnesses, but is commonly used by those of @entity1 with routine pediatric problems. Pediatricians need to be aware that their @entity1 may not tell them about @entity34 practices they are using in addition to prescribed treatment.

title: Use of alternative therapies for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['spiritual healing']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['alternative therapy', 'AT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A 75 year-old female with @entity571 of @entity2720 was scheduled for right total knee replacement. Her medical history included @entity453 , @entity565 , and previous surgery of lumbar laminectomy, but she had no @entity51 before the operation. A 22-gauge spinal needle was inserted at the @entity14331 -5 level and 4 ml of 0.5% @entity1341 with preservatives (Marcain 0.5%) was administered. The sensory block level was noted to @entity5022 and motor blockade of bilateral feet was achieved within 10 minutes. Anesthesia and operative courses were uneventful for 1.5 hours, and she complained severe @entity1643 but she could not move her thigh. Eight hours after administration of the anesthetic, her @entity1643 improved but the anesthetic effects showed no improvement. MRI showed no abnormality of the spinal cord on the following day, but her sensory loss level to @entity5022 and flaccid paralysis of bilateral lower extremities continued. Myelogram showed @entity32 of cauda equina on the fourth day after the operation. She suffered from @entity1276 two months later and MRI utilizing @entity2287 as a contrast medium was consistent with a diagnosis of @entity2443 of thoracolumbar region. Her @entity51 showed no improvement for two years.

title: [Persistent XXXX and @entity2443 following spinal anesthesia with @entity1341 containing preservatives].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral knee joints']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neurological deficit']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: When ventilating a nonintubated @entity1 in @entity1167 , the European Resuscitation Council has recently recommended a decrease in the tidal volume from 0.8 to 1.2 L to 0.5 L, partly in an effort to decrease peak flow rate, and therefore, to minimize @entity1819 . The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity of the European Resuscitation Council's recommendation in terms of gas distribution between lungs and stomach in a bench model that simulates ventilation of a nonintubated @entity1 with a self-inflatable bag representing tidal volumes of 0.5 and 0.75 L. DESIGN: A bench model of a @entity1 with a nonintubated airway was used consisting of face mask, manikin head, training lung (lung compliance, 50 mL/cm @entity2507 ; airway resistance, 5 cm @entity2507 /L/sec), adjustable lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and simulated stomach. SETTING: University hospital laboratory. SUBJECTS: Thirty healthcare professionals. INTERVENTIONS: Healthcare professionals performed 1-min bag-mask ventilation at each LESP level of 5, 10, and 15 cm @entity2507 at a rate of 12 breaths/min, using an adult and pediatric self-inflating bag, respectively. Volunteers were blinded to the LESP, which was randomly varied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Both types of self-inflating bags induced @entity1819 , with higher stomach and lower lung tidal volumes when the LESP was decreased. Lung tidal volume with the pediatric bag was significantly (p < .05) lower at all LESP levels when compared with the adult bag, and ranged between 240 mL at an LESP of 15 cm @entity2507 and 120 mL at an LESP of 5 cm @entity2507 . Stomach tidal volume with the adult bag ranged between 250 mL at an LESP of 15 cm @entity2507 and increased to 550 mL at an LESP of 5 cm @entity2507 . Stomach tidal volume with the pediatric bag was significantly lower (p < .05) at all LESP levels when compared with the adult bag and ranged between 70 mL at an LESP of 15 cm @entity2507 and 300 mL at an LESP of 5 cm @entity2507 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the recommendation of the European Resuscitation Council to decrease tidal volumes to 0.5 L when ventilating a @entity1167 victim with an unprotected airway. A small tidal volume may be a better trade-off in the basic life support phase, as this may provide reasonable ventilation while avoiding massive @entity1819 .

title: Influence of tidal volume on the distribution of gas between the lungs and stomach in the nonintubated XXXX receiving positive-pressure ventilation.

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['stomach inflation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']