abstract: BACKGROUND: The 24-hour observation critical pathway for @entity130 is a clinical tool developed to expedite health care delivery to minimally injured @entity1 . The use of @entity1 care, BS, guidelines and physician-approved standing orders was implemented in a Level I @entity130 center. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of 122 @entity1 admitted via the emergency department between December 1, 1993, and May 31, 1994. All @entity1 were evaluated in the emergency department by emergency medicine and @entity130 physicians and deemed appropriate for 24-hour observation. The information collected included @entity1 demographics, hospital charges, @entity130 , length of stay, diagnostic tests, consultations, and variances from the critical pathway. RESULTS: During the 6-month study period, there were 600 @entity130 admissions. Of those admissions, 122 @entity1 (20%) were evaluated in the emergency department and deemed appropriate for enrollment in the 24-hour observation pathway. The charts of these @entity1 were reviewed. Fourteen admissions were determined inappropriate for the critical pathway because of the severity of @entity130 or discharge against medical advice. One hundred eight charts were evaluated further. Eighty-nine @entity1 (80%) completed the critical pathway with a length of stay of 24 hours. CONCLUSION: The 24-hour observation critical pathway was designed and used appropriately as exemplified by an overall 80% completion rate. The critical pathway offers a mechanism to streamline care of the minimally injured @entity130 @entity1 . It also serves as a quality-improvement tool for increasing efficiency, decreasing utilization of resources, and decreasing length of stay.

title: XXXX 24-hour observation critical path.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) have been reported to be an independent risk factor for @entity64 and @entity63 ( @entity63 ). We examined the relationship between @entity7303 in the internal carotid artery and the occurrence of @entity385 in @entity1 with @entity63 . A total of 67 @entity1 who had a @entity63 were examined with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to detect @entity3538 1, 3, and 7 days after admission, and 3 months after discharge. The relationship between the presence of @entity7303 and the subsequent occurrence of @entity385 was the primary outcome of interest. 35.8% (24/67) of @entity1 were @entity7303 (+). During follow-up, @entity385 occurred significantly more frequently in @entity1 who were @entity7303 (+) compared with @entity1 who were @entity7303 (-) (6/24; 25.0% versus 2/43; 4.7%, p=0.021), as did @entity63 (11/24; 45.8% versus 4/43; 9.3%). @entity7303 (+) status was significantly associated with the occurrence of @entity385 after adjusting for age, sex, @entity101 , @entity6 , and drug therapy (odds ratio: 8.30; 95% confidence interval: 1.37-50.42; p=0.021). The positive and negative predictive values of @entity7303 status for predicting @entity385 were 25.0% and 95.4%, respectively. The presence of @entity3538 appears to be an important risk factor for the occurrence of @entity385 after @entity63 . The @entity7303 (+) rate in @entity1 with @entity63 with severe @entity543 is markedly higher than in @entity1 without @entity543 .

title: Relationship between @entity3538 and the occurrence of @entity385 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['Microembolic signals', 'MES']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['microemboli in the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['internal carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['transient ischemic attack']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Studies in @entity375 and animals have revealed that histone deacetylases (HDACs) often act as components of multiprotein complexes, including chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs). However, interactions between HDACs and CRCs in plants have yet to be demonstrated. Here, we present evidence for the interaction between @entity958 @entity49452 deacetylase and a BRM-containing SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Moreover, we reveal a novel function of @entity49452 as a regulator of the heat stress response. @entity49452 transcript levels were strongly induced in plants subjected to heat treatment and the expression of selected heat-responsive genes was up-regulated in heat-stressed @entity49452 mutant, suggesting that @entity49452 acts to down-regulate heat-activated genes. In keeping with the histone deacetylase activity of @entity49452 , the altered expression of @entity49452 -regulated genes coincided in most cases with increased histone acetylation at their loci. Microarray transcriptome analysis of @entity49452 and brm mutants identified a subset of commonly regulated heat-responsive genes, and the effect of the double brm @entity49452 mutation on the expression of these genes was non-additive. Moreover, heat treated 3-week-old @entity49452 , brm and brm @entity49452 mutants displayed similar rates of @entity851 . Taken together, our findings suggest that @entity49452 and BRM act in a common genetic pathway to regulate the @entity958 heat stress response. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: HD2C histone deacetylase and a SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex interact and both are involved in mediating the heat stress response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In Linz, capital of the province of Upper Austria, there is a considerable shortage of supported housing. Yet the rate of places available reaches 0.9/1000 inhabitants, thus already exceeding the recommended number. METHODS: A comprehensive investigation was started concerning all @entity1 living in supported housing facilities. Services for @entity146 @entity1 (n = 190) were included as well as services for homeless @entity1 (n = 159). RESULTS: Only 41 % of the @entity146 @entity1 and 31 % of the homeless @entity1 actually belonged into the region. Also among those who have been living less than one year in the facility, 45 % of the @entity146 and 67 % of the homeless @entity1 come from outside, thus indicating, that the migration of @entity1 is still going on. Among the homeless 69 % were mentally ill. While in the @entity146 services @entity161 and affective @entity914 were predominant, addictive disorders prevailed in the services for the homeless. CONCLUSIONS: It is the aim of mental health services in Upper Austria to care for the @entity1 within their home regions. All regions are providing a fair amount of places for supported housing. Despite this a considerable number of @entity1 keeps coming to the provincial capital. The causes and consequences of this process are discussed.

title: [Residential care and regional XXXX care:].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The process to develop a guideline in a European setting remains a challenge. The ESCMID @entity364 Study Group (EFISG) successfully achieved this endeavour. After two face-to-face meetings, numerous telephone conferences, and email correspondence, an ESCMID task force (basically composed of members of the Society's @entity364 Study Group, EFISG) finalized the ESCMID diagnostic and management/therapeutic guideline for @entity66 . By appreciating various @entity1 populations at risk for @entity66 , four subgroups were predefined, mainly ICU @entity1 , paediatric, @entity645 / @entity791 and @entity1 with @entity5 including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Besides treatment recommendations, the ESCMID guidelines provide guidance for diagnostic procedures. For the guidelines, questions were formulated to phrase the intention of a given recommendation, for example, outcome. The recommendation was the clinical intervention, which was graded by a score of A-D for the 'Strength of a recommendation'. The 'level of evidence' received a score of I-III. The author panel was approved by ESCMID, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 , European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the European Confederation of Medical Mycology. The guidelines followed the framework of GRADE and Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation. The drafted guideline was presented at ECCMID 2011 and points of discussion occurring during that meeting were incorporated into the manuscripts. These ESCMID guidelines for the diagnosis and management of @entity66 provide guidance for clinicians in their daily decision-making process.

title: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of XXXX 2012: developing European guidelines in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Candida diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal Infection']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Candida diseases']


abstract: @entity1362 affecting the hip is rare. Seven new @entity1 are presented and 117 cases from the literature are reviewed. Among the new @entity1 , two refused treatment; in one @entity1 , severe @entity604 was observed after a radiographic followup of 21 years; the second @entity1 showed no radiographic changes 2 years after diagnosis. One @entity1 underwent a synovectomy and had a recurrence 9 years later, requiring a total hip replacement. The remaining four @entity1 underwent synovectomy and primary total hip replacement with no recurrences detected after an average followup of 13 years (range, 2-23 years). Among 117 cases published, 62 @entity1 (53%) did not have enough information for analysis. A metaanalysis using the remaining 55 @entity1 was done. In nine @entity1 (16%; nine of 55) the diagnosis was made with a preoperative biopsy. Treatment consisted of synovectomy in 26 @entity1 (47%; 26 of 55), arthroplasty in 24 (43%; 24 of 55), arthrodesis in two (4%; two of 55), and hindquarter amputation in a @entity1 misdiagnosed as having @entity1352 (2%; one of 55). Two @entity1 (4%; two of 55) were not treated. Ten @entity1 had a recurrence (19%; 10 of 53); nine in the synovectomy group (35 %; nine of 26) and one in the joint replacement group (4%; one of 24). Synovectomy is recommended for @entity1 with preserved articular cartilage and total hip replacement is recommended for @entity1 with secondary @entity571 . Removal of all macroscopic @entity5 including careful curetting of the @entity690 should be done as they may constitute a source of recurrence.

title: XXXX of the hip: 2- to 23-year followup study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1362 :: ('MESH:D013586', 'Disease') :: ['Pigmented villonodular synovitis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

answer: @entity1362 :: (MESH:D013586,Disease) :: ['Pigmented villonodular synovitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: African-Americans with @entity454 receiving dialysis have more severe secondary @entity2742 than Whites. We aimed to assess racial differences in clinical use of cinacalcet. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from DaVita, Inc., for 45,589 prevalent hemodialysis @entity1 , August 2004, linked to Centers for Medicare _ Medicaid Services data, with follow-up through July 2007. @entity1 with Medicare as primary payer, intravenous @entity560 use, or weighted mean @entity461 ( @entity461 ) level >150 pg/ml at baseline (August 1-October 31, 2004) were included. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to evaluate race and other demographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of cinacalcet initiation, titration, and discontinuation. RESULTS: Of 16,897 included @entity1 , 7,674 (45.4%) were African-American and 9,223 (54.6%) were white; 53.2% of cinacalcet users were African-American. Cinacalcet was prescribed for 47.7% of African-Americans and 34.5% of Whites, and for a greater percentage of African-Americans at higher doses at each @entity461 strata. After covariate adjustment, African-Americans were more likely than Whites to receive cinacalcet prescriptions (hazard ratio 1.17, p < 0.001). The direction and magnitude of this effect appeared to vary by age, baseline @entity461 , and @entity460 , and by elemental @entity460 use. African-Americans were less likely than Whites to have prescriptions discontinued and slightly more likely to undergo uptitration (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.995-1.188), but this relationship lacked statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Cinacalcet is prescribed more commonly and at higher initial doses for African-Americans than for Whites to manage secondary @entity2742 .

title: Racial differences in clinical use of cinacalcet in a large population of hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effectiveness of @entity4688 10-40 mg/day as first choice treatment of mild (90-104 mmHg, n = 37), moderate (105-114 mmHg, n = 21), or severe (115-130 mmHg excluding accelerated @entity101 , n = 16) essential @entity101 was studied in an open multicentre trial. @entity4688 alone controlled the @entity101 (diastolic blood pressure 90 mmHg or less) in 25 @entity1 (34%). Of these, 20 had mild and 5 had moderate @entity101 . The remaining @entity1 required either @entity4688 plus @entity918 12.5 or 25 mg/day (n = 30), or a third drug of the physician's choice (n = 9). A relationship was present between baseline blood pressure and the number of drugs required to achieve blood pressure control. Plasma @entity1011 increased beyond the limits of laboratory error in 3 @entity1 , and from 100-108 mumol/l (p less than 0.05) on @entity4688 alone in a subgroup of @entity1 who ultimately required a diuretic. @entity4688 was well tolerated; 60 (73%) had no drug related side effects during active treatment. Tiredness (n = 5), @entity10 (n = 4), @entity1296 (n = 4) and palpitations (n = 3) were the most frequent side effects. Cough was a feature in 3 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 had a @entity1910 . This study suggests that @entity4688 is an effective and well tolerated anti- @entity101 agent in mild, moderate or severe @entity101 , but that caution may be required in @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: @entity4688 as first choice treatment of mild, moderate and severe essential @entity101 : results of an open multicentre clinical trial. New Zealand XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity3170 at a tertiary care eye center and determine which factors in these @entity1 were associated with the need for systemic immunosuppressive therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective study. Fifty @entity1 with @entity3170 presenting to the @entity267 Service at Wills Eye Hospital from August 1996 to August 2001 were reviewed and divided into two groups. The control group included 35 @entity1 who responded to oral non- @entity134 anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or systemic @entity230 . The study group consisted of 15 @entity1 who required additional treatment with systemic immunosuppressive agents. The influence of demographics, type of @entity3170 , bilateral disease, and ocular complications were analyzed. The presence of a @entity792 , the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), medications, and complications related to treatment were recorded. The statistical significance was evaluated by Student's t test for independence samples and Fisher's exact test; P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 19.3 +/- 24.9 months, an associated @entity792 was present in 17 @entity1 (34%). @entity3170 was the first manifestation of the @entity262 in 10 out of 17 @entity1 (59%). @entity1 who required immunosuppressive treatment had more frequent ocular complications (80% versus 26%, P=0.0004) than did @entity1 who responded to oral NSAIDs and/or @entity230 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3170 may be the sign of presentation of a @entity792 . The presence of ocular complications, in particular corneal involvement, may be associated with the need for systemic immunosuppressive therapy.

title: Therapeutic decision in XXXX : our experience at a tertiary care eye center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['systemic autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['anterior scleritis', 'scleritis', 'Scleritis']

answer: @entity3170 :: (MESH:D015423,Disease) :: ['anterior scleritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Utilization of heparins has been increasing in the last decade, thus, in-depth analysis is needed to assess heparins safety monitoring patterns, incidence rates of adverse drug reactions (ADR), and frequency of coadministration with other medicines.   OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety monitoring of heparin in hospitals and the influence of coadministration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antithrombotic medicines, and @entity1229 on heparin safety.   METHODS: We reviewed hospital records of 339 @entity1 who had orders for heparin or low molecular weight heparin from May 2009 to May 2010. IBM SPSS Statistics version 18.0 was used to perform statistical analysis.     RESULTS: @entity16960 (n=238, 70.21%) was the most frequently prescribed    heparin. The most frequent indications given were for prophylaxis of @entity49 (n=135, 39.82%) and treatment of unstable @entity453 and @entity583 (n=166, 48.97%). ADRs were reported for 75 @entity1 (22.12%), including @entity854 in 25 @entity1 (7.37%), @entity8 in 24 @entity1 (7.08%), and @entity882 in 10 @entity1 (2.95%). 256 @entity1 (75.52%) had relative contraindications. ADRs were associated with the previously reported relative contraindications (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [rS] = 0.261, Pearson's chi-squared test [  2]= 45.5, P less than 0.0005) and with prolonged treatment with heparins (rS=0.279 and   2=74.7, P less than 0.0005). ADRs were not related to heparin use but indicated increased risk for negative treatment outcomes. Coadministration of heparin with @entity1229 , @entity117 , @entity1397 , @entity6058 , and NSAIDs was associated with the increased risk of adverse drug reactions. The relationship was low but statistically significant. The strongest relationship was with coadministration of @entity117 (rS=0.283,   2=21.42, P less than 0.0005), while the coadministration of NSAIDs showed only a very weak relationship to the development of ADRs (rS=0.133,   2=21.01, P less than 0.0005). For the development of @entity882 , the strongest risk was calculated for coadministration of @entity1229 (rS=0.248,   2=28.14, P less than 0.0005), while coadministration of medicines from the list did not have a relationship with the risk of @entity1148 .     CONCLUSIONS: Safety monitoring of heparin orders is essential, especially for @entity1 with relative contraindications during long-term treatment and in case of coadministration of oral anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors, and NSAIDs.

title: Influence of coadministration of antithrombotic medicines, XXXX , and NSAIDs on heparin safety: data from a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['Dalteparin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: To discover the role of lysosomal enzyme release from polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes during @entity295 , plasma levels of @entity11891 were measured with a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of the @entity11891 -alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex (E-alpha 1PI). Plasma samples from 41 @entity1 were assayed continuously before and after major abdominal surgery. The @entity1 were divided into a group without @entity281 (group A) and two @entity295 groups (survivors in group B and nonsurvivors in group C). The E-alpha 1PI levels of the 11 @entity1 in group A without any signs of pre- or @entity86 were in the normal range (a normal value of 86.5 +/- 25.5 ng/ml has been reported in 153 healthy subjects), except for a small increase to 208.8 +/- 25.6 ng/ml 12 hours after surgery. When @entity295 was confirmed clinically in @entity1 in groups B and C, the E-alpha 1PI levels rose on average to six times the norm in group B (649.9 +/- 116.3 ng/ml) and to more than 10 times the norm in group C (985.0 +/- 154.6 ng/ml). Peak values greater than 2,200 ng/ml could be measured in both groups. In @entity1 in group B, the E-alpha 1PI levels returned to normal during recovery, while in those in group C they remained significantly elevated (560.5 +/- 174.7 ng/ml) until @entity204 . Correlations were demonstrated between the amount of elastase released into the circulation and the decrease in the activities of antithrombin III, coagulation factor XIII, and @entity5843 , as well as the increased C-reactive protein in plasma. We conclude that release of elastase and other lysosomal factors from PMN cells plays a major role in the pathobiochemical alterations during @entity295 . In addition, significantly elevated E-alpha 1PI levels in the postoperative course seem to be a suitable indicator for onset and persistance of @entity295 as well as of the severity of this disorder in @entity1 after major surgery.

title: Released granulocytic elastase: an indicator of pathobiochemical alterations in XXXX after abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'septicemia']

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2-macroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['septicemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical microvascular decompression (MVD) is the curative treatment for hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS). Monitoring MVD by recording the lateral spread response (LSR) intraoperatively can predict a successful clinical outcome. However, the rate of the LSR varies between trials, and the reason for this variation is unclear. The aim of our trial is to evaluate the rate of the LSR after intubation following treatment with @entity2900 , @entity3369 , or no muscle relaxant. METHODS AND DESIGN: This trial is a prospective randomised controlled trial of 96 @entity1 with HFS (ASA status I or II) undergoing MVD under general anaesthesia. @entity1 are randomised to receive @entity2900 , @entity3369 , or no muscle relaxant before intubation. Intraoperative LSR will be recorded until dural opening. The primary outcome of this study is the rate of the LSR, and the secondary outcomes are post-intubation pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, the rate of difficult intubations, the rate of adverse haemodynamic events and the relationship between the measurement of LSR or not, and clinical success rates at 30 days after surgery. DISCUSSION: This study aims to evaluate the impact of muscle relaxants on the rate of the LSR, and the study may provide evidence supporting the use of muscle relaxants before intubation in @entity1 with HFS undergoing MVD surgery. TRIALS REGISTRATION: http://www.chictr.org/ ChiCTR-TRC-11001504 Date of registration: 24 June, 2011. The date the first @entity1 was randomised: 30 September, 2011.

title: A comparison of three induction regimens using @entity2900 , XXXX , or no muscle relaxant: impact on the intraoperative monitoring of the lateral spread response in hemifacial @entity2473 surgery: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity3369 :: (MESH:D014673,Chemical) :: ['vecuronium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The degradation of @entity12392 ( @entity12392 ) by @entity11017 ( @entity11017 ) during @entity63 /reperfusion has been implicated in the development of @entity299 . Our objective was to elucidate the role of @entity11017 and @entity12392 in the development of @entity299 in a model of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) @entity1563 . METHODS: Adult @entity35 (300-350 g) were anaesthetized, and the isolated hearts were retrogradely perfused in a Langendorff apparatus. The @entity1347 was stabilized for 25 minutes and occluded for either 45 or 90 minutes and then reperfused. Cardiac function (evaluated as rate-pressure product) was significantly decreased in the reperfused hearts subjected to 90 minutes of @entity432 in comparison with hearts subjected to either sham or 45 minutes of occlusion. Ninety minutes of occlusion resulted in 60% of @entity1188 . RESULTS: @entity11017 activity, measured by gelatin zymography, was significantly increased following occlusion as well as reperfusion. An increased degradation of @entity12392 was observed at the end of reperfusion, but not at the end of occlusion, which most likely was because of the compensatory increase in @entity34501 ( @entity34501 ) during occlusion, but not reperfusion. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that @entity11017 activation is an ischemic event that extends into the reperfusion phase, while @entity12392 degradation in response to @entity63 /reperfusion is strictly a reperfusion event. @entity12392 degradation during occlusion is prevented by a compensatory increase in the levels of @entity34501 .

title: @entity11017 is activated during XXXX /reperfusion in a model of myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity34501 :: ('680130(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-4', 'tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-4']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury and dysfunction', 'cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Upfront liver transplantation is the gold standard in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity82 , but a shortage of donor organs negatively impacts on survival outcomes, with significant disease progression during long waiting lists. This systematic review evaluates the safety and efficacy of salvage liver transplantation (SLT) as treatment for recurrent @entity157 after initial hepatic resection. METHODS: Electronic searches of Pubmed, Embase, and Medline databases identified 130 abstracts, from which 16 eligible studies comprising 319 @entity1 were selected for review. Studies adopting SLT following primary hepatic resection for recurrent @entity157 with more than five @entity1 were included. Demographic details, morbidity and mortality indices, and survival outcomes were collected from each study and were tabulated. RESULTS: All @entity1 included in the studies had @entity1575 , with the majority being @entity1 -Pugh A (50%) and B (33%). The etiology of @entity409 was @entity1956 in the majority of @entity1 (84%). Disease recurrence occurred in 27-80% of @entity1 at a median of 21.4 months (range 14.5-34) following initial resection. SLTs were performed on 41% of recurrences, and were associated with biliary complications (8%), @entity281 (11%), @entity548 (8%), and @entity455 (7%). There were 18 perioperative @entity204 (5.6%). The median 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall and disease-free survival was 89%, 80%, and 62%, and 86%, 68%, and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Synthesis of available observational studies suggests that SLT following primary hepatic resection is a highly applicable strategy with long-term survival outcomes that are comparable to upfront liver transplantation.

title: Systematic review of efficacy and outcomes of salvage liver transplantation after primary hepatic resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) and @entity2542 ( @entity2542 ) have distinct clinical and pathological characteristics, and have been considered to be separate disorders. However, recent animal experiments have suggested that, with regard to their pathogenesis, the diseases have some features in common. However, there are no clinical data supporting this hypothesis. We report here 9 @entity1 (all male, 67 +/- 2 years, mean +/- SE) who had @entity2542 followed by @entity2416 . They were found among 152 @entity2542 @entity1 who came to Tohoku University Hospital during the past 15 years (1976-1991). All @entity1 were male and heavy smokers and 2 @entity1 also had @entity263 and @entity356 , respectively. Three @entity1 were alive during this study and had been diagnosed as having @entity2416 and @entity2542 by the combination of transbronchial biopsy, selective alveolobronchogram, CT examination and lung function tests. The diagnosis of @entity2416 and @entity2542 in the other @entity1 was based on the pathological findings of autopsied lungs in addition to clinical findings. All @entity1 showed @entity2542 mainly in the upper lobes and @entity2416 in the lower lobes. In all @entity1 , in addition to all known causes of @entity3794 , the possibilities that chronic or recurrent infections in @entity2542 induced @entity3794 and that @entity2416 produced emphysematous changes were carefully excluded by medical records and pathological findings. It is not clear whether the occurrence of @entity2415 and @entity3794 in these cases is coincidental, or whether the two diseases are linked by a common pathogenetic pathway.

title: @entity2542 followed by XXXX of undetermined cause.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', 'IPF']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema', 'PE']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: Carotid sinus massage (CSM) was performed in 44 @entity1 (23 female, 21 male, mean age 52 years) with recurrent episodes of unexplained @entity1163 and without any @entity299 . The protocol of examination consisted of 5 s CSM performed unilaterally in supine, upright 60 degrees positions, after administration of @entity1169 (i.v. 0.1 mg/kg) and during autonomic inhibition ( @entity3897 i.v. 0.02 mg/kg after @entity1169 ). The diagnosis of hypersensitive @entity50 (HCSS) was established in case of pathologic response to CSM in supine and upright 60 degrees positions. Positive results of CSM was obtained in 15 (34%) examined @entity1 . Cardioinhibitory form of HCSS was recognized in 9 and mixed form in 6 cases. @entity50 reflex was provoked in 8 cases by massage of the right, in 4 cases of the left and in 3 both carotid sinuses. Maximal time of electrical asystole after CSM was 6300 ms while maximal decreased od systolic blood pressure was 70 mmHg. Intravenous administration of @entity1169 caused decrease of systolic blood pressure approximately 43 +/- 15 mmHg whereas the cardioinhibitory effect of CSM after this drug significantly was increased only in @entity1 with a positive response to CSM in the supine or upright 60 degrees positions. Autonomic inhibition significantly decreased the cardioinhibitory effect of CSM without significant influence on its vasodepressive component.

title: [Carotid sinus massage in diagnosing XXXX of unknown origin].

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['carotid sinus syndrome', 'Pathologically augmented carotid sinus']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare multiple source linkage and capture-recapture analysis in determining the current age and gender specific prevalence of type 1 and type 2 @entity6 in a UK white population. To assess whole population trends in @entity6 prevalence and treatment by comparison with previous studies. DESIGN: Data were obtained from hospital sources and all 74 general practices in the study population. Analyses were carried out both by record linkage and by use of a two source capture-recapture model to correct for incomplete ascertainment. SETTING: County of Clwyd, North Wales: total population 418,200. MAIN RESULTS: By record linkage the age adjusted prevalence of all @entity6 was 2.04 (95% confidence intervals 2.00 to 2.09)%. Using the capture-recapture method it was 2.29 (2.24 to 2.33)%. From capture-recapture data the age adjusted prevalence of type 1 @entity6 was 0.40 (0.37 to 0.43)% in @entity1 and 0.28 (0.25 to 0.30)% in @entity1 ; the prevalence of type 2 was 2.03 (1.97 to 2.09)% in @entity1 and 1.67 (1.62 to 1.72)% in @entity1 . These figures represent an increase compared with previous surveys. The age specific prevalence of type 2 @entity6 was greater in @entity1 in a ratio of approximately 1.5:1 and there were more @entity1 treated by diet alone. CONCLUSIONS: Record linkage using multiple sources underestimates the prevalence of @entity6 compared with capture-recapture estimates. The results suggest the prevalence of known @entity6 in the UK has approximately doubled in less than 20 years. There is an increasing preponderance of male @entity1 and of @entity1 treated currently with diet alone.

title: Estimation of the prevalence of diagnosed XXXX from primary care and secondary care source data: comparison of record linkage with capture-recapture analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The investigation of @entity385 etiology is commonly limited to the heart and extracranial vessels. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of @entity932 may carry important therapeutic implications. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and clinical predictors of @entity4522 ( @entity4522 ) in a sample of @entity1 with @entity385 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 admitted to a university-based outpatient @entity64 clinic underwent CT angiography of the intracranial and extracranial brain vessels. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory characteristics were compared between @entity1 with increasing levels of @entity850 . @entity3681 ( @entity3681 ) was measured to quantify peripheral @entity455 , defined as an @entity3681   less than or equal to   .9. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was constructed to predict increasing @entity850 grades (none, 1%-49%-mild, 50%-69%-moderate, 70%-100%-severe). RESULTS: We studied 106 subjects, mean age 62        15 years, 54% female. @entity4522 was present in 38 (36%) @entity1 : 19 (50%) mild, 7 (18%) moderate, and 12 (32%) severe. Of 74 @entity1 where @entity3681 was measured, low @entity3681 was found more frequently with increasing @entity4522 severity (26%, 42%, 67%, and 89% of @entity1 with none, mild, moderate, and severe @entity4522 , respectively). In univariable analysis, higher age, presence of @entity6 , @entity1144 , and low @entity3681 correlated with increasing @entity850 grades. In multivariable analysis, only low @entity3681 remained independently associated with increasing @entity850 grades. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3681 is independently associated with increasing severity of @entity4522 , making it a potentially useful triaging tool for more invasive test selection.

title: Low Ankle-Brachial Index is a Simple Physical Exam Sign Predicting @entity4522 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ABI', 'Ankle-brachial index']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis', 'ICAS']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) in the salivary glands is a rare but unique @entity5 . METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity1 with salivary gland @entity189 with long-term follow-up were reviewed for this study. RESULTS: There were 52 cases in the parotid gland and 17 cases in the submandibular gland. All @entity1 underwent complete @entity5 excision, 41 underwent neck dissection, and 39 received postoperative radiotherapy. The 5-year, 10-year, and 15-year overall survival (OS) rates were 90%, 75%, and 54%, respectively. @entity1 with higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR >=    4.0) and advanced stage (stage III and IV) had significantly poorer OS. @entity1 who received postoperative radiotherapy had significantly better @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ). In multivariate analysis, stage, NLR, and neck dissection were associated independently with OS, whereas stage and postoperative radiotherapy were associated independently with @entity4557 . CONCLUSION: Salivary gland @entity189 is a rare @entity5 with a better prognosis that partially attributes to surgery with neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy. Preoperative NLR is an independent prognostic factor.

title: XXXX of salivary gland: sixty-nine cases with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['LELC', 'Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Primary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma']


abstract: @entity4236 ( @entity4236 ) is a rare malignant @entity5 arising from the cribriform olfactory epithelium. Its aggressive biologic behavior is characterized by inapparent submucosal spread, local recurrence, atypical distant @entity3 , and poor long-term prognosis. Historically, the suspicion of neck @entity3 has not been associated with @entity4236 . A retrospective review of all @entity4236 @entity1 treated at the University of North Carolina Hospitals since 1972 has revealed an unusually high incidence of cervical @entity3 (four of four @entity1 ). This prompted a review of the @entity4236 surgical literature. All English-literature series published since the widespread use of craniofacial surgery with accruals of eight or more @entity1 were examined for reports of neck @entity3 . Although the cumulative cervical metastatic rate reached 27% (55 of 207 @entity1 ), most authors failed to recognize the potential risk of cervical @entity3 in @entity4236 . Furthermore, in @entity1 suffering from Kadish stage C disease, the cervical metastatic rate climbed to 44% (25 of 57 Kadish stage C @entity1 ). This further emphasizes the importance of the neck as a high-risk metastatic site. These findings suggest that cervical @entity3 may be an important consideration in the evaluation and treatment of @entity1 suffering from @entity4236 . Strategies for evaluation and management of the neck are discussed.

title: @entity4236 and neck XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['ENB', 'Esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pneumoperitoneum induced to facilitate laparoscopy is associated with splanchnic hypoperfusion, @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury, and oxidative stress. AIM: This study investigated the effects of pre- and postlaparoscopic conditioning, @entity219 , @entity1502 , and @entity898 on markers of I/R injury of the small intestine in an animal model. METHODS: Male @entity35 (n=56) were randomized to 1 of 7 treatment groups. Except for group 7 (control group that underwent sham surgery without @entity516 ), @entity516 was induced in all by use of @entity544 insufflation under a pressure of 15   mmHg. Group 1 (laparoscopic I/R) was subjected to 60 minutes of @entity516 . Group 2 (laparoscopic preconditioning plus laparoscopy) was subjected to 5 minutes of insufflation and 5 minutes of desufflation followed by 60 minutes of @entity516 . Group 3 (laparoscopy plus laparoscopic postconditioning) was subjected to 60 minutes of @entity516 and 60 minutes of desufflation followed by 5 minutes of insufflation and 5 minutes of desufflation. Group 4 ( @entity219 ), group 5 ( @entity1502 ), and group 6 ( @entity898 ) received a single intraperitoneal injection of @entity219 (50   mg/kg), @entity1502 (50   mg/kg), or @entity898 (150   mg/kg), respectively, 5 minutes before the desufflation period. Animals were killed at the end of the experiments, and small intestine samples were tested for @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity12609 ( @entity12609 ), @entity2041 peroxidase (GPX), and @entity224 dismutase (SOD). RESULTS: There was no significant difference for @entity1865 levels between each other in the groups 1, 2, and 3. But @entity1865 levels were higher significantly in groups 1, 2, and 3 than those of groups 4, 5, 6, and 7. SOD and GPX levels of group 3 were significantly higher than those of groups 1, 2, 4 through 7. According to the SOD levels, there was no significant difference between each other in those of groups 1, 2, 4 through 7. GPX levels of group 3 were significantly higher than those of groups 1, 2, 4 through 7. GPX levels of group 1 were significantly lower than those of groups 5 and 7. The mean @entity12609 level of groups 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that of groups 3, 6, and 7. The mean @entity12609 level of group 3 was significantly higher than that of groups 1, 2, 4 through 7. CONCLUSIONS: In this animal model of small intestine I/R injury, laparoscopy caused small intestine @entity63 as evidenced by elevated markers of tissue I/R injury. This effect was significantly attenuated by @entity219 , @entity1502 , and @entity898 , but not by prelaparoscopy conditioning and postlaparoscopy conditioning.

title: Protective effects of @entity219 , XXXX , and @entity898 in an animal model of laparoscopy-induced @entity63 /reperfusion injury of the small intestine.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbondioxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1502 :: (MESH:D010431,Chemical) :: ['pentoxifylline']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) segmental 3D velocities in @entity1 with @entity101 heart disease using magnetic resonance (MR) tissue phase mapping (TPM). METHODS: LV radial, long-axis and rotational myocardial velocities were assessed by TPM in @entity1 with @entity4346 and preserved EF (n   =   18, age = 53        12 years) and volunteers (n   =   20, age = 51        4 years). Systolic and diastolic peak and time-to-peak velocities were mapped onto a 16-segment LV model. 3D myocardial motion was displayed on an extended visualisation model. Correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate differences in regional dynamics. RESULTS: @entity1 revealed @entity67 as expressed by decreased peak long-axis velocities in all (except apical) segments (basal, P    <=   0.01; two midventricular segments, P   =   0.02, P   =   0.03). During systole, @entity1184 was associated with heterogeneous behaviour for long-axis velocities including an increase in anteroseptal apical and midventricular regions (P   =   0.001), a reduction in mid-inferior segments (P   =   0.03) and enhanced septal velocities (P   <   0.05). Segmental correlation analysis revealed altered dynamics of @entity1002 and increased dyssynchrony of lateral long-axis motion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity101 heart disease demonstrated alterations in systolic long-axis motion, @entity717 and dyssynchrony. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the value of regional wall motion abnormalities regarding disease progression and outcome.

title: XXXX : MR tissue phase mapping reveals altered left ventricular rotation and regional myocardial long-axis velocities.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['basal rotation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV base rotation']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to 50% of @entity1 with stinging-insect @entity566 have double-positive RAST results to @entity5157 and yellow jacket (YJ) venom. True double sensitization and crossreactivity through venom hyaluronidases are considered main reasons for this multiple reactivity. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the role of antibodies against cross-reactive @entity1735 determinants in venom double positivity. METHODS: @entity9527 inhibition experiments were performed with crude @entity4335 (OSR) and timothy grass pollen extracts and a neoglycoprotein construct displaying a MUXF glycan, as present in pineapple-stem bromelain (MUXF-BSA). @entity9527 to OSR was used as a rough measure for @entity1735 -specific IgE in individual sera. RESULTS: @entity9527 results to OSR pollen were positive in 2 of 14 single-positive @entity5157 venom sera, 2 of 16 single-positive YJ venom sera, and 33 (80.5%) of 41 double-positive sera (P < .00001, chi(2) test). @entity9527 inhibition was performed in 16 selected @entity1 with a @entity9527 class of 3 or higher to both venoms. In 9 of 11 @entity1 with a highly positive @entity9527 result to OSR ( @entity9527 score to OSR > @entity9527 score to second venom), pollen extracts, MUXF-BSA, or both were able to completely inhibit IgE binding to one of the venoms, whereas this was not the case in 5 @entity1 with a negative or weakly positive @entity9527 result to OSR ( @entity9527 score to OSR < @entity9527 score to second venom). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that @entity1735 -specific IgE is a major cause for the double positivity to @entity5157 and YJ venom seen in @entity1 with @entity566 . Because these antibodies may have low clinical relevance, they may severely impede the correct diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom @entity566 .

title: Antibody binding to venom carbohydrates is a frequent cause for double positivity to XXXX and yellow jacket venom in @entity1 with stinging-insect @entity566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['oilseed rape']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Hymenoptera allergy', 'allergy']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['honeybee']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 that aggregate in families with history of @entity5 may have an inheritable genetic basis. @entity11 can occur in several well known @entity5 syndromes. However, their occurrence in the absence of these syndromes is quite rare. High-grade @entity11 , such as @entity463 ( @entity463 ), are the most common and most lethal primary @entity5 (CNS). CASE DESCRIPTION: We present a case of two brothers both diagnosed with @entity463 . Both siblings underwent biopsy with debulking of the @entity5 by different surgeons. Only one sibling elected to undergo chemotherapy and radiation. Cytogenetic studies were possible only on one sibling and the @entity5 specimen revealed @entity2008 , including triploidies 4, 8, 12, 22 and loss of heterozygosity of 1p, 9p, and 10. Histological samples for both @entity5 were similar, both revealing increased cellularity consisting of gemistocytic astrocytes, central @entity39 , and microvascularization. CONCLUSION: We present two brothers who display a rare familial relationship in the development of their GBMs. Supplementary and improved genetic studies may allow for specific treatment modalities as certain @entity74 have better response to tailored treatments and carry better prognoses.

title: XXXX : A case report of @entity463 in two brothers and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers of the central nervous system', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['multiple chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Familial glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the proliferation and chemotaxis capacity of autogenous @entity235 dental pulp cells (cDPCs), and to evaluate the use of PRF as a pulp capping material in vital pulp therapy. METHODS: cDPCs were isolated and cultured from permanent anterior teeth of @entity235 by enzymatic methods. PRF was attained by Choukroun's protocols and the exudates of PRF were collected at the time point of the 7th day. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was applied to analyze cell proliferation. The medium of the control group was minimum essential medium alpha medium (a-MEM) containing 2% (volume fraction) @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ). The experiment group was the exudates of PRF containing 2% @entity2241 , and was divided into 5 groups (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) by the volume fraction of the exudates of PRF. The 5 groups were named as @entity51325 , PRF2, PRF3, PRF4 and PRF5 respectively. Transwell model was used to evaluate cell chemotaxis capacity. The exudates of PRF which was most effectively in promoting cDPCs proliferation was added in the lower chamber of the experimental group; The positive control group was a-MEM containing 30% @entity2241 and the negative control group was fresh a-MEM; The upper chamber of each group was added with 1 * 105 cells. RESULTS: The optical density of group PRF2 (1.45    0.06) was significantly higher than that of the control group(1.21    0.11, P<0.001). The optical density of groups @entity51325 , PRF3, PRF4, and PRF5 were 1.20    0.02, 1.28    0.04, 1.19    0.02, 1.22    0.02, respectively, and there was no significant difference between these groups and the control group ( @entity51325 : P=0.902; PRF3: P=0.084; PRF4: P=0.726; PRF5: P=0.779). Therefore, the volume fraction which was most effective in promoting cell proliferation was 40%. At these concentrations the number of migrated cells was higher in PRF group(55.89    18.42) than in the negative group(6.52    1.97, P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between PRF group and the positive group(59.25    29.17, P=0.970). CONCLUSION: PRF was a biocompatible material with cDPCs. Appropriate concentration of the exudates of PRF accelerated the proliferation and migration of cDPCs, which contributes to pulp repair in vital pulp therapy.

title: [Effects of platelet-rich fibrin on XXXX dental pulp cells in vitro].

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'Beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ) was measured in 328 eyes of 167 @entity1 (50 @entity1 and 117 @entity1 , an average age was 62 years). @entity2840 was determinated by ultrasonic pachymeter NIDEC, design UP-1000, at Eye Department of 3rd Medical Faculty of Prague. RESULTS: The mean @entity2840 at @entity726 @entity1 was 561 microns, in margins 490-650 microns. @entity2840 for right eyes were 0.567 +/- 0.035 mm, for left eyes 0.569 +/- 0.037 mm. There were no influence by previous operations ( @entity231 , trabeculectomy and combined operations). NTG had the lowest @entity2840 values 551 microns, POAG had 569 microns and OHT the greates value, @entity2840 is 588 microns. @entity2840 in @entity1 with NTG was significantly lower (p = 0.047) than in POAG. The higher difference is between NTG a OHT (p = 0.015). We had no statistical difference in @entity2840 between @entity735 . The corneal thickness is decreasing during ageing. @entity2840 is another clinically helpful factor for evaluation our @entity726 @entity1 . @entity2840 together with other risk factors can help us in establishing a target pressure. @entity1 after refractive surgery (PRK, LASIK) should be more carefully evaluated not to miss early stages of @entity726 .

title: [Pachymetry in XXXX with @entity726 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['CCT', 'Central corneal thickness']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetropic, emetropic and myopic eyes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The insulin-like growth factor-II/ @entity7788 ( @entity5100 /M6P) receptor is a multifunctional membrane glycoprotein, which binds different classes of ligands including @entity5100 and M6P-bearing lysosomal enzymes. Besides participating in the process of endocytosis this receptor functions in the trafficking of lysosomal enzymes from the @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ) or the cell surface to lysosomes. In @entity195 ( @entity195 ) brain, marked overexpression of certain lysosomal enzymes in vulnerable neuronal populations and their association to beta-amyloid (Abeta) containing @entity527 has been correlated to altered metabolic functions. In the present study, we measured the levels of @entity5100 /M6P receptor and characterized its distribution profile in selected regions of @entity195 and age-matched normal postmortem brains. Western blot analysis revealed no significant alteration in the levels of @entity5100 /M6P receptor either in the hippocampus, frontal cortex or cerebellum between @entity195 and age-matched control brains. However, a significant gene dose effect of @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) epsilon4 allele on @entity5100 /M6P receptor levels was evident in the hippocampus of the @entity195 brain. At the cellular level, immunoreactive @entity5100 /M6P receptors were localized in the neurons of the frontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of control brains. In @entity195 brains, the labeling of the neurons was less intense in the frontal cortex and hippocampus than in the age-matched control brains. Additionally, @entity5100 /M6P receptor immunoreactivity was observed in association with a subpopulation of Abeta-containing @entity527 as well as tau-positive @entity3072 both in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. Reactive glial cells localized adjacent to the plaques also occasionally exhibited @entity5100 /M6P receptor immunoreactivity. These results, when analyzed in context of the established role of the @entity5100 /M6P receptor in the regulation of the intracellular trafficking of lysosomal enzymes, suggest that alterations in @entity5100 /M6P receptor levels/distribution are possibly associated with altered functioning of the lysosomal enzymes and/or loss of neurons observed in @entity195 brains, especially in @entity1 carrying @entity2204 epsilon4 alleles.

title: Cellular distribution of insulin-like growth factor-II/ XXXX receptor in normal @entity1 brain and its alteration in @entity195 pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['trans-Glogi network', 'TGN']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity7788 :: ('MESH:C027693', 'Chemical') :: ['mannose-6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity7788 :: (MESH:C027693,Chemical) :: ['mannose-6-phosphate']


abstract: The @entity563 protease @entity28044 ( @entity28044 ), principally involved in the processing of polypeptide hormone precursors in neuroendocrine tissues, requires interaction with the neuroendocrine protein 7B2 to generate an enzymatically active form. 7B2 null @entity19 express no @entity28044 activity and release large quantities of uncleaved ACTH, resulting in a lethal endocrine condition that resembles pituitary Cushing's (Westphal, C. H., Muller, L., Zhou, A., Bonner-Weir, S., Schambelan, M., Steiner, D. F., Lindberg, I. _ Leder, P. (1999) Cell 96, 689). Here, we have compared the 7B2 and @entity28044 null @entity19 models to determine why the 7B2 null, but not the @entity28044 null, exhibits a lethal disease state. Both 7B2 and @entity28044 nulls contained highly elevated pituitary @entity11982 (ACTH); the neurointermediate lobe content of ACTH in 7B2 nulls was 13-fold higher than in @entity7097 @entity19 ; that of the @entity28044 null was 65-fold higher. However, circulating ACTH levels were much higher in the 7B2 null than in the @entity28044 null. Because @entity1640 inhibitory dopaminergic control represents the major influence on intermediate lobe proopiomelanocortin-derived peptide secretion, @entity935 levels were measured, and they revealed that 7B2 null pituitaries contained only one-fourth of @entity7097 pituitary @entity935 . Adrenalectomized 7B2 null animals survived past the usual time of @entity204 at 5 weeks; a month after adrenalectomy, they exhibited normal levels of pituitary @entity935 , circulating ACTH, and @entity2819 . Elevated @entity2819 , therefore, seems to play a central role in the lethal phenotype of the 7B2 null, whereas a 7B2-mediated @entity942 state may be involved in the actual ACTH @entity4089 phenomenon. Interestingly, adrenalectomized 7B2 nulls also developed unexpectedly severe @entity28 .

title: Mortality in 7B2 null XXXX can be rescued by adrenalectomy: involvement of @entity935 in ACTH @entity4089 .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hypersecretion']

entities_list: @entity11982 :: ('18976(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic deficiency']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1 cells have a marked capacity to repair double-strand breaks in DNA, but the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying this process are largely unknown. A previous report has described an activity from @entity1 cell nuclei that is capable of multimerizing blunt-ended DNA substrates (R. Fishel, M.K. Derbyshire, S.P. Moore, and C.S.H. Young, Biochimie 73:257-267, 1991). In this report, we show that nuclear extracts from HeLa cells contain activities which preferentially join linear plasmid substrates in either a head-to-head or tail-to-tail configuration, that the joining reaction is covalent, and that the joining is accompanied by loss of sequence at the junction. Sequencing revealed that there was a loss of a uniform number of @entity2036 from junctions formed from any one type of substrate. The loss was not determined by any simple site-specific mechanism, but the number of @entity2036 lost was affected by the precise terminal sequence. There was no major effect on the efficiency or outcome of the joining reaction with substrates containing blunt ends or 3' or 5' protruding ends. Using a pair of plasmid molecules with distinguishable restriction enzyme sites, we also observed that blunt-ended DNA substrates could join with those containing protruding 3' ends. As with the junctions formed between molecules with identical ends, there was uniform loss of @entity2036 . Taken together, the data are consistent with two models for the joining reaction in which molecules are aligned either throughout most of their length or by using small sequence homologies located toward their ends. Although either model can explain the preferential formation of head-to-head and tail-to-tail products, the latter predicts the precise lossof @entity2036 observed. These activities are found in all cell lines examined so far and most likely represent an important repair activity of the @entity1 cell.

title: Characterization of DNA end joining in a XXXX cell nuclear extract: junction formation is accompanied by nucleotide loss, which is limited and uniform but not site specific.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Pfmdr1, and Pfcrt, genes of @entity3964 may confer resistance to a number of anti- @entity311 drugs. Pfmdr1 86Y and haplotypes at Pfcrt 72-76 have been linked to @entity503 (CQ) as well as @entity16944 (AQ) resistance. @entity8775 (MQ) and @entity15281 (LU) sensitivities are linked to Pfmdr1 86Y. Additionally, Pfcrt K76 allele carrying parasites have shown tolerance to LU. We investigated the association between Pfmdr1 86/Pfcrt 72-76 and @entity3964 resistance to CQ, AQ, MQ and LU using field samples collected during 2008-2011 from @entity311 endemic sites in western Kenya. Genomic DNA from these samples was genotyped to examine SNPs and haplotypes in Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt respectively. Additionally, immediate ex vivo and in vitro drug sensitivity profiles were assessed using the @entity311 SYBR Green I fluorescence-based assay. We observed a rapid but steady percent increase in wild-type parasites with regard to both Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt between 2008 and 2011 (p<0.0001). Equally, a significant reciprocate decrease in AQ and CQ median IC50 values occurred (p<0.0001) during the same period. Thus, the data in this study point to a significantly rapid change in parasite response to AQ and CQ in the study period. This may be due to releasing of drug pressure on the parasite from reduced use of AQ in the face of increased @entity507 (ART) Combination Therapy (ACT) administration following the intervention of the Global Fund in 2008. LU has been shown to select for 76K genotypes, thus the observed increase in 76K genotypes coupled with significant cross resistance between LU and MQ, may herald emergence of tolerance against both drugs in future.

title: The role of Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt in changing XXXX , @entity16944 , @entity8775 and @entity15281 susceptibility in western-Kenya @entity3964 samples during 2008-2011.

entities_list: @entity15281 :: ('MESH:C102070', 'Chemical') :: ['lumefantrine']

entities_list: @entity16944 :: ('MESH:D000655', 'Chemical') :: ['amodiaquine']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['Artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity503 :: (MESH:D002738,Chemical) :: ['chloroquine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity4082 (CC) and @entity48774 on @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) volume and receptivity sampled serially over the periovulatory period. DESIGN: Using prospective luteinizing hormone (LH) timing @entity3799 volume and receptivity were compared in standard CC and @entity48774 -stimulated cycles using normal ovulatory cycles as controls. LOCATION: The Donor Insemination Unit at the University Research Clinic, Sheffield, United Kingdom. @entity1 : Twenty anovulatory @entity1 and 10 normally ovulating @entity1 , all of whom were participating in a treatment cycle of donor insemination. INTERVENTIONS: The 20 anovulatory @entity1 were allocated at random into two groups: group 1 was administered 50 mg of CC on days 2 to 6 of the menstrual cycle; group 2 was administered 400 mg of @entity48774 on days 3 to 12 of the menstrual cycle. All the @entity1 were given a single treatment of donor insemination 24 to 36 hours after the onset of the LH surge. RESULTS: @entity4082 and @entity48774 were shown to exert differential impacts on @entity3799 quantity and quality. In terms of quantity, the CC @entity1 produced significantly lower volumes of @entity3799 than the @entity48774 @entity1 and controls. In terms of quality, the CC @entity1 and controls produced @entity3799 of similar receptivity, whereas the @entity48774 @entity1 produced @entity3799 that was significantly more receptive to sperm than both the CC @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Neither CC nor @entity48774 exerted a detrimental impact on @entity3799 quality throughout the periovulatory period.

title: The effects of @entity4082 and XXXX on @entity3799 volume and receptivity over the periovulatory period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate', 'Clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cervical mucus']

entities_list: @entity48774 :: ('MESH:D003506', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclofenil']

answer: @entity48774 :: (MESH:D003506,Chemical) :: ['cyclofenil']


abstract: 1. At least two different groups of molecules can be considered neurotrophic factors because they exert a variety of effects upon neural cells. The first consists of the numerous families of polypeptide growth factors known to take part in almost all stages of neural cell growth and functioning, including development, differentiation, survival and pathology. The second group also is characterized by extensive complexity of multiple forms, and consists of the @entity3167 -containing glycosphingolipids or @entity7746 . These molecules also take part in the transfer of information from the extracellular milieu to the cell interior, and, similarly to growth factors, are @entity1 in such aspects as development, differentiation and functioning. 2. In this short overview, we consider the existing data on the neuroprotective effects of growth factors [e.g., @entity664 ( @entity664 ), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor] and one species of @entity4163 (GM1) against @entity2479 in vivo and cerebral excitotoxicity in vitro. 3. We used three different experimental models to investigate their relevance to @entity63 in the retina and have shown that: (a) both @entity664 and EGF show highly effective neuroprotection for @entity35 retinal neurons exposed to toxic levels of @entity2227 or its nonphysiological agonist @entity4176 in vitro (b) retinal glial cells suffer morphological perturbations after @entity2227 or @entity4176 treatment, and this effect depends on neuron-glial interactions; (c) these glial changes can also be corrected by posttreatment with either @entity664 or EGF in vitro; (d) with the use of an in vivo animal model involving anterior chamber pressure-induced @entity63 in adult @entity35 , either pretreatment by intraperitoneal injection of GM1 or posttreatment by intraocular injection of the same @entity4163 significantly reduces histological damage to inner nuclear regions. 4. Hence both groups of trophic molecules show interesting features for retinal ischemic treatment.

title: Growth factors and @entity7746 as neuroprotective agents in excitotoxicity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic and excitotoxic conditions', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1311 and @entity2664 are highly active agents in the treatment of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). This study evaluated the combination of @entity1311 and @entity2664 in @entity1 with @entity0 to determine activity and @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHOD: 42 @entity1 with @entity0 were treated with @entity1311 at a fixed dose of 175 mg/m2 intravenous (IV) by a 3-hour infusion on day 1, while @entity2664 was given by 2 mg/m2 increments, starting from 10 mg/m2 by bolus IV injection on day 1 after @entity1311 . Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. @entity2664 doses were increased if the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) had not been reached. RESULT: The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 69% (CI 95%: 55-83). Six (14%) @entity1 obtained CR and 23 (55%) PR with a median duration of response of 8 months (range 2-16). There were no differences in response rates (RR) between the three levels of @entity2664 . Median time to failure and survival were 7 months (range 1-26) and 12 months (range 2-29), respectively. After 12 months 14 (33%) @entity1 had died and 8 (19%) @entity1 were alive after 18 months. MTD was reached at 14 mg/m2 level of @entity2664 . @entity1431 was evident in 39 (93%) of total @entity1 and was severe in 28 (67%) @entity1 . All non-hematological @entity137 observed was mild. CONCLUSION: This trial shows the activity of @entity1311 and @entity2664 in @entity0 and finds that a dose of 14 mg/m2 of @entity2664 is the MTD in combination with a fixed dose of 175 mg/m2 of @entity1311 without @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ).

title: Dose intensification of @entity2664 in combination with XXXX in @entity0 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer', 'ABC']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Airway resistance depends not only on an airway's geometry but also on flow rate, and gas density and viscosity. A recent study showed that at clinically relevant concentrations, the mixtures of volatile agents with air and @entity26 and @entity26 - @entity1568 affected the density of the mixture. The goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of different minimum alveolar concentrations (MACs) of three commonly used volatile agents, @entity5161 , @entity2614 , and @entity10233 , on the measurements of airway resistance. METHODS: A two-chamber fixed-resistance test lung was connected to an anesthesia machine using the volume control mode of ventilation. Pulmonary resistance was calculated at baseline (25% @entity26 in air); at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 MAC; and also at the same concentrations, 1.2% and 4%, of @entity5161 , @entity2614 , and @entity10233 mixtures with 25% @entity26 in air. The analysis of variance test for repeated measures and probabilities for post hoc Tukey and least significant difference tests were used. RESULTS: @entity5161 affected pulmonary resistance only at 2 MAC. @entity2614 caused a significant increase of pulmonary resistance at 1.5 and 2 MAC, whereas @entity10233 caused the greatest increase in pulmonary resistance at all MAC values used. At 1.2% concentration, no difference from the baseline resistance was observed, whereas at 4%, the three agents produced similar increases of pulmonary resistance. CONCLUSION: High concentrations of volatile agents in 25% @entity26 in air increased the density of the gas mixture and the calculated resistance of a test lung model with fixed resistance.

title: Effect of the physical properties of @entity5161 , @entity2614 , and XXXX on pulmonary resistance in a laboratory lung model.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

answer: @entity10233 :: (MESH:C053562,Chemical) :: ['desflurane']


abstract: @entity844 concentrations in blood are potential biomarkers of dietary fat intake, but methodological studies among @entity1 are scarce. The large number of @entity1718 and their complex interrelationships pose a special challenge in research on @entity1718 . Our target was to assess the interrelationships between the total @entity844 profiles in diet and serum of young @entity1 . The study subjects were healthy control @entity1 from the birth cohort of the Type 1 @entity6 Prediction and Prevention Study. A 3-day food record and a frozen serum sample were available from 135 @entity1 at the age of 1 year, from 133 at 2 years, and from 92 at 3 years. The relationship between dietary and serum @entity844 profiles was analysed using canonical correlation analysis. The consumption of fatty milk correlated positively with serum @entity1718 , @entity4491 , @entity7609 and conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) at all ages. Correlations between dietary and serum eicosapentaenoic and/or @entity4600 were observed at 2 and 3 years of age. Serum @entity4722 was positively associated with the consumption of @entity1 formula at the age of 1 year, and with the consumption of vegetable margarine at 2 and 3 years. The results indicate a high quality of the 3-day food records kept by parents and other caretakers of the @entity1 , and suitability of non-fasting, un-fractioned serum samples for total @entity844 analyses. The correlation between intake of milk fat and serum proportion of CLA is a novel finding.

title: XXXX in serum and diet--a canonical correlation analysis among toddlers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid', 'Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity4491 :: ('MESH:C117025', 'Chemical') :: ['pentadecanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['Fatty acids']


abstract: Resting measurement of only left ventricular systolic function, is not enough sufficient parameter that predicts exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity299 . Therefore, left ventricular filling shortly after an @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was prospectively studied to determine whether it could predict subsequent exercise time. Consecutive @entity583 @entity1 underwent Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography within 48 hours of @entity1188 . The study group consisted of 63 @entity1 : 33 @entity1 with an uncomplicated @entity583 who had undergone symptom-limited stress testing during recovery and 30 healthy subjects. Systolic function was evaluated by wall motion score index (WMSI), and diastolic one was assessed by the peak transmitral Doppler velocity in early diastole (E) and atrial systole (A), then by their ratio (E/A), normalized E/A ratio, and by diastolic filling period (DFP). @entity583 ( @entity583 ) size was measured electrocardiographically, using Selvester's QRS scoring system (QRSSI) and then expressed in percentages. Healthy @entity1 and @entity1 were compared, through common parameters. The @entity1 receiving BB treatment at the time of exercise testing, had a lower resting pulse, and achieved a lower maximal pulse, yet their exercise time was similar incomparison to that of the group not receiving BB therapy. Our results have shown a strong positive correlation between exercise time and WMSI (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) DFP (r = 0.56, p < 0.001), respectively weak negative correlation with QRSSI (r = -0.17, p < 0.001) and better negative correlation with normalized E/A ratio (r = -0.56, p < 0.001). This correlation was not influenced by beta-blokers (BB) at the time of stress testing. Normalized E/A ratio and DFP are the only diastolic function parameters, which predict exercise capacity during recovery, measured soon after an uncomplicated @entity583 .

title: The relationship between left ventricular filling shortly after an uncomplicated XXXX and subsequent exercise capacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction', 'AMI', 'MI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of @entity221 of unknown origin has changed because of the recent advances in and widespread use of invasive and non-invasive diagnostic tools. However, undiagnosed @entity1 still constitute a significant number. OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiological distribution and role of non-invasive and invasive diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of @entity221 of unknown origin. MATERIALS _ METHODS: One hundred @entity1 who were hospitalized between June 2001 and 2009 with a @entity221 of unknown origin were included in this study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from the @entity1 ' medical records retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifty three percent of the @entity1 were male, with a mean age of 45 years. The etiology of @entity221 was determined to be @entity166 in 26, @entity1413 in 38, @entity5 in 14, miscellaneous in 2 and undiagnosed in 20 @entity1 . When the etiologic distribution was analyzed over time, it was noted that the rate of @entity166 decreased, whereas the rate of rheumatological and undiagnosed diseases relatively increased because of the advances in imaging and microbiological studies. Seventy @entity1 had a definitive diagnosis, whereas 10 @entity1 had a possible diagnosis. The diagnoses were established based on clinical features and non-invasive tests for 61% of the @entity1 and diagnostic benefit was obtained for 49% of the @entity1 undergoing invasive tests. Biopsy procedures contributed a rate of 42% to diagnoses in @entity1 who received biopsies. CONCLUSION: Clinical features (such as detailed medical history-taking and physical examination) may contribute to diagnoses, particularly in cases of @entity1413 . Imaging studies exhibit certain pathologies that guide invasive studies. Biopsy procedures contribute greatly to diagnoses, particularly for @entity5 and @entity166 that are not diagnosed by non-invasive procedures.

title: The role of invasive and non-invasive procedures in diagnosing XXXX of unknown origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic diseases', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To predict @entity245 ( @entity245 ) in @entity600 @entity1 by classification trees with recursive partitioning and automatic selection of optimal cut points of variables. STUDY DESIGN: Data from the Trial of @entity3352 Prophylaxis in Preterms were randomly divided into development (n=784) and validation sets (n=262). Three models were developed for the combined outcome of @entity204 (8 days to 18 months) or @entity245 ( @entity306 , @entity73 , @entity2319 , or @entity1939 at 18 months corrected age): antenatal: antenatal data; early neonatal: antenatal+first 3 days data; and first week: antenatal, first 3 days, and 4th to 8th days data. Decision trees were tested on the validation set. RESULTS: Variables associated with @entity204 / @entity245 in each model were: Antenatal: Gestation<or=25.5 weeks and antenatal steroids<7 days. Early neonatal: Birth weight<or=787 g and fluid intake>01 mL/kg/d. First week: Birth weight<or=787 g: transfusion>3 mL/kg/d. Birth weight>787 g: cranial echodense intraparenchymal lesion and transfusion>1 mL/kg/d. Correct classification rates were 61% to 62% for all models. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to predict long-term morbidity/ @entity204 in @entity600 @entity1 does not improve significantly over the first week of life. Effects of different variables depend on age.

title: Early prediction of poor outcome in XXXX @entity1 by classification tree analysis.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive delay']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['NDI', 'death or neurodevelopmental impairment']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['extremely low birth weight']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['extremely low birth weight']


abstract: Life threatening @entity565 is a serious condition that is often difficult to treat. Often, despite maximal medical therapies, these @entity1 remain functionally crippled. In addition, older @entity1 are even more susceptible to @entity565 as they are less able to adapt to or tolerate the symptoms. In this paper we report the effectiveness of a new treatment regimen of high-dose intramuscular @entity2713 (360 mg) in 7 elderly @entity1 with severe, chronic, @entity134 -dependent @entity565 . Each @entity1 was given one intramuscular injection of 360 mg of @entity2713 (Kenalog) after maximizing traditional medicines. All 7 @entity1 experienced resolution of their @entity565 symptoms within 1 week of receiving this injection. They showed marked functional improvement in their activities of daily living, and independence. Six of seven progressed from being homebound to walking, shopping, and grooming without restriction. All had a corresponding rise in peak expiratory flow rates ranging between 25 and 93%. In addition, all were able to stop taking their daily oral @entity229 . Response durations ranged from 3 to 24 months. In the 6 @entity1 who experienced relapse, all requested and received a second injection, with similar positive outcomes. Some experienced transient @entity425 and @entity6 during the first week of the therapy but all elected to receive additional shots when they experienced break-through wheezing. Thus, we feel that high-dose intramuscular @entity2713 should be considered as a therapeutic option for a highly select group of older @entity134 -dependent @entity565 @entity1 .

title: Effect of high-dose intramuscular XXXX in older adults with severe, chronic @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2713 :: (MESH:D014221,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56 , especially @entity565 , seem to be increasingly common the world over. The International Study of @entity566 in Childhood [ISAAC] was the first worldwide study carried out with standardized questionnaires in order to create a reliable global map of childhood @entity566 . OBJECTIVES: The Maltese Islands were one of the centres participating in this study and in this paper the data obtained from 4184 13-15 year olds from 22 state and three private schools [88.7% response rate], and also data obtained from some added 'local' questions addressed to the same @entity1 , are included. in order to evaluate the problem of @entity56 in Maltese schoolchildren. RESULTS: 27.9% of the @entity1 were wheezers 'ever' while 16% were current wheezers. Of the latter @entity1 15.1% were experiencing nocturnal wheezing at least once a week and 22% had a wheezing episode severe enough to limit speech. Nasal problems were present in 52.7% of these teenagers and 47.4% of all respondents persisted with these symptoms up to the year of answering the questionnaire. @entity2023 had been diagnosed in 32.3% of all the @entity1 . 12.8% of respondents had a recurring @entity1910 suggestive of @entity484 for at least 6 months of their lives and 10% had it currently. This was slightly lower than the global mean, unlike the case of wheezing, which in Malta was more common than the world average, and @entity2490 , for which we had the second highest cumulative prevalence rate in the world. Multiple variables such as gender, smoking, family history of atopy, pets, soft furnishings and living in busy roads affected the prevalence and severity of the @entity56 studied. CONCLUSIONS: @entity56 are very common in Maltese schoolchildren and are causing a lot of hardship to these same youngsters. The results of this study should serve as a stimulus to try and decrease this suffering through better management of these conditions, measures to control possible detrimental factors and further research on @entity565 , @entity2023 and @entity484 .

title: @entity565 , XXXX and @entity484 in Maltese 13-15 year-old schoolchildren -- prevalence, severity and associated factors [ISAAC]. International Study of @entity566 in Childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis', 'Hayfever']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['itchy rash']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies', 'allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic conditions', 'allergic conditions']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF STUDY: The @entity737 ( @entity737 ) is the therapy of choice for @entity1 with @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) after @entity583 . In some @entity1 frequent @entity1457 occur, often resulting in clinical problems, if antiarrhythmic drugs insufficiently suppress them. Our aim was to describe electro-anatomical mapping and ablation techniques in @entity1 with VTs, in which conventional strategy treatments have failed. @entity1 AND METHODS: 17 @entity1 (69.5 +/- 8 years, 12 male) were included. During 3 months before ablation the number of @entity1457 was 21 +/- 8 (mean +/- SD). Using an electro-anatomical mapping system (CARTO), activation mapping was performed in 12 @entity1 during hemodynamically tolerable, stable @entity1165 . In 5 cases with "non-mappable" @entity1165 only voltage mapping during sinus rhythm was obtained. The aim was to characterize the underlying scar tissue precisely in order to modify the substrate with an individual strategic linear lesion, thus preventing re-induction of @entity1165 . RESULTS: Procedure time was 184 +/- 9 minutes, fluoroscopy time totalled 19 +/- 9 minutes. Lesion lines were established with 13 +/- 9 ablation pulses. In 15 @entity1 (88 %) acute ablation of the @entity1165 was successful. During a follow-up of 8 +/- 7 months, 2 @entity1 had a recurrence of the @entity1165 . Two @entity1 developed a @entity1165 with a different morphology. In another case @entity2224 occurred. No major complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Electro-anatomical mapping combined with an individual linear ablation strategy is a safe and effective method to prevent symptomatic @entity1165 in @entity1 after @entity583 .

title: [Recurrent @entity1165 following XXXX : linear ablation strategy using an electroanatomical mapping system].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['ICD shocks']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate timing and clinical predictors that might predict @entity1276 emerging during rehabilitation until 1 year following severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic @entity1276 (PTH) may lead to clinical deterioration and poor outcome if untreated. However, PTH can be successfully treated if detected. Nevertheless, PTH is easily overlooked during rehabilitation, particularly in severe cases. METHOD: We prospectively followed all @entity1 (n = 444) in Eastern Denmark (population 2.5 mill) sustaining severe @entity131 , who required lengthy rehabilitation between 2000 and 2010. All @entity1 with PTH were tracked retrospectively. Demographics, surgery, injury severity, consciousness level, and disability were compared for @entity1 with versus without PTH. Independent predictors of PTH during rehabilitation were identified through multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: PTH occurred in 14.2% and 3/4 emerged during rehabilitation. @entity1 with PTH were older, had more severe @entity1545 , were more frequently in vegetative state, and needed longer rehabilitation stays. After adjusted analyses, however, only older age and low level of consciousness were independently associated with PTH. CONCLUSION: Most cases of PTH emerge during rehabilitation. Therefore, attention towards this complication should be present also beyond the acute stage after @entity131 , particularly among older @entity1 and @entity1 with severe @entity1662 .

title: @entity1276 following severe XXXX in adults. Incidence, timing, and clinical predictors during rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['disordered consciousness']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']