abstract: The efficacy of combination suicide gene therapy was evaluated using a Herpes simplex virus- @entity1014 kinase/ @entity4540 (HSV-TK/GCV) system and an @entity526 @entity5538 deaminase/ @entity4895 ( @entity1050 /5-FC) system on the LNCaP @entity1 @entity263 cell model. Two types of plasmid vectors with the HSV-TK gene were constructed. A constitutive @entity1573 @entity17921 promoter drove one and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter drove the other. Similarly, a pair of plasmids with the @entity1050 gene under a cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) promoter and the PSA promoter was also constructed. LNCaP cells were transfected in vitro with either or both of those plasmids using a cationic lipid reagent. Transfected cells were treated with GCV and/or 5-FC. The percentage of viable LNCaP cells 7 days after treatment with HSV-TK/GCV or @entity1050 /5-FC under a constitutive promoter was 40% and 41% of controls, respectively. The cell viability when two suicide genes were combined was 23%. The cell viabilities after four days with PSA promoter-HSV-TK vectors, @entity1050 vectors and a combination of both were 79%, 88% and 88%, respectively. Suicide gene therapy using either HSV-TK/GCV, @entity1050 /5-FC, or both, was effective in the LNCaP model. An additive effect was observed when the two suicide genes were used together. The PSA promoter did not seem to be effective enough to elicit @entity137 under the experimental conditions used here.

title: Suicide gene therapy on LNCaP XXXX @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The interaction of @entity5 cells with the @entity5 vasculature is mainly studied for its role in @entity5 angiogenesis and intravascular @entity3 of circulating @entity5 cells. In addition, a specific interaction of @entity5 cells with the abluminal surfaces of vessels, or angiotropism, may promote the migration of angiotropic @entity5 cells along the abluminal vascular surfaces in a pericytic location. This process has been termed extravascular migratory @entity3 . The abluminal vascular surface may also provide a vascular niche inducing or sustaining stemness to angiotropic @entity5 cells. This pilot study investigated if @entity320 cells might represent a subset population with pericytic and embryonic or stem cell properties. Through microarray analysis, we showed that the interaction between @entity320 cells and the abluminal surface of endothelial cells triggers significant differential expression of several genes. The most significantly differentially expressed genes have demonstrated properties linked to @entity5 cell migration ( @entity2842 , @entity2071 and @entity650 ), @entity5 progression ( @entity2842 , @entity2071 , @entity4105 , @entity32025 , @entity650 , @entity10933 and @entity25296 ), epithelial to mesenchymal transition ( @entity2842 and @entity650 ), embryonic/stem cell properties ( @entity2842 , @entity6006 , @entity51293 and @entity48455 ) and pericytic recruitment ( @entity6006 ). In addition, bioinformatics-based analysis of the differentially expressed genes has shown that the most significantly enriched functional groups included development, cell movement, @entity5 , and embryonic development. Finally, the investigation of pericyte/mesenchymal stem cells markers via immunostaining of @entity1 @entity320 samples revealed expression of @entity3820 , @entity28557 and @entity9502 by @entity320 cells. Taken together, these preliminary data are supportive of the "pericytic mimicry" by @entity320 cells, and suggest that the interaction between @entity320 cells and the abluminal vascular surface induce differential expression of genes linked to @entity5 migration and embryonic/stem cell properties.

title: Pilot study on "pericytic mimicry" and potential embryonic/stem cell properties of XXXX cells interacting with the abluminal vascular surface.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'angiotropic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['angiotropic melanoma']


abstract: It has been suggested that ultrafine particles in urban air may cause the health effects associated with thoracic particles (PM10). We therefore compared the effects of daily variations in particles of different sizes on peak expiratory flow (PEF) during a 57-day follow-up of 39 @entity748 @entity1 aged 7-12 years. The main source of particulate air pollution in the area was traffic. In addition to the measurements of PM10 and @entity234 ( @entity234 ) concentrations, an electric aerosol spectrometer was used to measure particle number concentrations in six size classes ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 microns. Daily variations in @entity234 and particle number concentrations in size ranges between 0.032 and 0.32 micron and between 1.0 and 10.0 microns were highly intercorrelated (correlation coefficients about 0.9). Correlations with PM10 were somewhat lower (below 0.7). All these pollutants tended also to be associated with declines in morning PEF. However, the only statistically significant associations were observed with PM10 and @entity234 . Different time lags of PM10 were also most consistently associated with declines in PEF. Therefore, in the present study on @entity748 @entity1 , the concentration of ultrafine particles was no more strongly associated with variations in PEF than PM10 or @entity234 , as has earlier been suggested.

title: Effects of ultrafine and fine particles in urban air on peak expiratory flow among XXXX with @entity748 symptoms.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['black smoke', 'BS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity7428 , a phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor, is reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. It can markedly downregulate antigen-driven T cell proliferation and suppress @entity1505 and @entity12972 production in vitro and in vivo, which have led to its use in the treatment of a number of @entity792 including @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) and experimental autoimmune @entity5013 ( @entity9833 ). @entity9833 is a CD4+ T cell-mediated demyelinating @entity1897 (PNS) that represents an animal model for the study of the immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy of @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) in @entity1 . In the previous study, we reported that suppression of @entity9833 by @entity7428 was associated with down-regulated myelin antigen-induced T cell responses as well as downregulated @entity3692 and @entity1505 production. Here we report that @entity9833 induced in Lewis @entity35 by inoculation with the @entity36663 protein peptide 57-81 and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), was strongly suppressed by @entity7428 administered twice daily intraperitoneally from day 9 post immunization (p.i.), i.e. after onset of clinical @entity9833 to day 18 p.i. This clinical effect was associated with dose-dependent down-regulated production of @entity3692 and the chemokines @entity9269 ( @entity9269 , @entity17104 and @entity657 ( @entity657 ) as well as up-regulated @entity12718 production in sciatic nerve sections from @entity7428 -treated @entity9833 @entity35 at maximum of clinical @entity9833 , i.e. on day 14 p.i.. These findings suggest that @entity7428 may be useful in certain T cell-dependent @entity792 and @entity16 . These observations call for further studies on the potential role of @entity7428 in the treatment of @entity792 .

title: Protective effect of @entity7428 in experimental autoimmune @entity5013 : protection is associated with down-regulation of @entity3692 and inflammatory chemokines as well as up-regulation of XXXX in peripheral nervous system.

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity9269 :: ('25542(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MIP-1 alpha', 'macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['Rolipram']

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease of peripheral nervous system']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity12718 :: (287287(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: @entity9359 is clinically and histologically similar to its endogenous counterpart; however, it exhibits no systemic effects and is not an @entity74 . It is characterized by an asymptomatic @entity2117 of the face, sides and back of the neck, back, and extensor surfaces of the extremities. The associated ochronotic discoloration most commonly results from use of products containing @entity8156 . It also occurs following use of antimalarials and products containing @entity15603 , @entity3971 , @entity349 or @entity18496 . The etiology of @entity8156 -induced @entity2117 in @entity9359 remains speculative. The majority of @entity1 with this condition are Black, but it has been reported to occur in Hispanics and Caucasians. @entity9359 is prevalent among South African Blacks, but is believed relatively uncommon within the US. The reasons for this phenomenon are not clear, but it could be a result of the use of skin care products containing @entity15603 in combination with @entity8156 or the use of @entity8156 in a hydroalcoholic lotion. Treatment of this condition is difficult. The offending agent must be avoided, but improvement occurs only slowly. A number of topical agents have been studied as have dermabrasion and the use of lasers. Controlled studies in larger numbers of @entity1 are require to determine the true efficacy of newer treatments.

title: XXXX . An update on clinical features, causative agents and treatment options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9359 :: ('MESH:C531762', 'Disease') :: ['exogenous ochronosis', 'Exogenous ochronosis']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity18496 :: ('MESH:C005858', 'Chemical') :: ['picric acid']

entities_list: @entity15603 :: ('MESH:C031389', 'Chemical') :: ['resorcinol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorder']

answer: @entity9359 :: (MESH:C531762,Disease) :: ['Exogenous ochronosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of natriuretic peptides, particularly @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) is an established method for the diagnosis of @entity65 , @entity1002 . The influence of renal function on the diagnostic utility of natriuretic peptides is unclear. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 296 @entity1 with @entity8 but no history of @entity299 using echocardiography to assess LV mass and function. Circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and @entity3876 were also measured. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity4346 increased with progressive @entity8 ; from 39% in @entity1 with near-normal renal function, to 80% in renal transplant @entity1 . There was a negative correlation between both ANP and @entity3876 , and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (ANP: r = -0.28, P<0.001; @entity3876 : r = -0.40, P<0.001). Serum ANP and @entity3876 had sensitivity and specificity for @entity4346 of 39.9%, 87.4% (ANP) and 61.4%, 67.6% ( @entity3876 ) respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for @entity1002 was 77.2%, 32.4% (ANP) and 71.8%, 40.0% ( @entity3876 ). Significant confounders in determining serum ANP were haemoglobin, beta blockade and albumin, while serum @entity3876 levels were significantly confounded by GFR, albumin, haemoglobin, beta blockade and age. CONCLUSIONS: Across a spectrum of @entity8 , GFR is a more important determinant of serum @entity3876 than ventricular function, and several factors are predictors of natriuretic peptide levels. In @entity740 , the use of natriuretic peptides to diagnose @entity4346 must be interpreted in light of these other factors. The use of these peptides in @entity8 to diagnose @entity1002 may be of limited value.

title: Diagnostic potential of circulating natriuretic peptides in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction', 'chiefly left ventricular (LV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: In the use of sub-unit vaccines, it is important to identify the protective epitopes and to generate the optimal immune response by using appropriate immuno-modulatory adjuvants and/or delivery systems. The main aim of the present study was to generate an MHC-non-restricted immune response against one promising vaccine candidate, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of @entity3965 . Four synthetic peptides were chosen: three repeat-region sequences (AA, DA and ANG) and a putative T-cell epitope extended from a conserved region (region II) containing a hepatocyte-binding region (HBP). The humoral response against each peptide was studied in outbred @entity19 and three strains of inbred @entity19 (with different genetic backgrounds). Delivery of each peptide in microspheres or inclusion of a bio-active casein-fragment analogue as adjuvant with alum/liposome delivery considerably enhanced the humoral response against the peptide (when compared with the response to the peptide delivered in alum alone). The maximal immune response was observed when the peptide was delivered in microspheres, with no booster doses required; the antibodies raised against peptide delivered with adjuvant or in modulatory delivery vehicles had two-to five-fold lower binding affinities. The predominant IgG isotypes elicited using microspheres or adjuvant with alum/liposome delivery were IgG(2a)/IgG(2b) and/or IgG(1). Importantly, conjugation of HBP to the B-cell repeat peptides increased the titres of peptide-specific antibodies, especially of antibodies against the supposedly cryptic HBP. Delivery of a mix of all four peptides in microspheres elicited an intense immune response in outbred @entity19 , indicating that such a delivery system efficiently presents the peptides to the immune effector cells. That antibodies in the anti-peptide sera bound strongly to air-dried sporozoites of @entity3965 was confirmed by immunofluorescence. The present results, based on the use of individual peptides or a conjugate or cocktail of the peptides, highlight the utility of the casein-fragment analogue as an adjuvant, when used with alum/liposome delivery, and also demonstrate the potential of microspheres as a single-shot delivery system for sub-unit peptides.

title: Modulation of the humoral response to repeat and non-repeat sequences of the circumsporozoite protein of XXXX using novel adjuvant and delivery systems.

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['P. vivax', 'Plasmodium vivax']

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium vivax']


abstract: All positive-strand RNA viruses assemble their RNA replication complexes on intracellular membranes. @entity1899 ( @entity1899 ) replicates its RNA in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated complexes in plant cells and the @entity375 @entity375 . @entity1899 encodes RNA replication factors 1a, with domains implicated in RNA capping and helicase functions, and 2a, with a central polymerase-like domain. Factor 1a interacts independently with the ER membrane, viral RNA templates, and @entity8876 a to form RNA replication complexes on the perinuclear ER. We show that @entity1899 RNA replication is severely inhibited by a mutation in OLE1, an essential @entity375 chromosomal gene encoding delta9 @entity844 desaturase, an integral ER membrane protein and the first enzyme in unsaturated @entity844 synthesis. OLE1 deletion and medium supplementation show that @entity1899 RNA replication requires unsaturated @entity1718 , not the Ole1 protein, and that viral RNA replication is much more sensitive than @entity375 growth to reduced @entity5031 levels. In ole1 mutant @entity375 , 1a still becomes membrane associated, recruits 2a to the membrane, and recognizes and stabilizes viral RNA templates normally. However, RNA replication is blocked prior to initiation of negative-strand RNA synthesis. The results show that viral RNA synthesis is highly sensitive to lipid composition and suggest that proper membrane fluidity or plasticity is essential for an early step in RNA replication. The strong unsaturated @entity844 @entity734 also demonstrates that modulating @entity844 balance can be an effective antiviral strategy.

title: Mutation of host delta9 @entity844 desaturase inhibits XXXX RNA replication between template recognition and RNA synthesis.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1899 :: ('12302', 'Species') :: ['BMV', 'Brome mosaic virus']

entities_list: @entity5031 :: ('CHEBI:27208', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1899 :: (12302,Species) :: ['brome mosaic virus']


abstract: @entity827 , caused by @entity7546 , is @entity4759 (Balearic Islands, Spain). The present study analyzes the prevalence of @entity281 in @entity291 in Minorca using reverse line blot (RLB) macroarrays, as well as the effect of herd tick control on those prevalence levels. One hundred and nineteen animals from 12 herds were sampled in representative areas of the island. Information was gathered regarding tick control for the animals (frequency and acaricide used) in each herd. More than 87% of the animals were positive for the presence of piroplasm species. @entity7546 and Theileria buffeli were observed in all sampled herds (mean prevalence 53.3% for @entity7546 and 69.75% for T. buffeli). The mean prevalence was 5.7% for @entity743 bigemina. A significantly higher prevalence of Theileria spp. was observed in herds that grazed in, or near, forested areas. @entity7546 prevalence was significantly lower in herds that followed tick control and was related to the frequency of the applied treatments. Theileria buffeli and B. bigemina prevalences were not affected by tick control for the herds. The results indicate that despite tick control, @entity827 remains @entity4759 . Adequate control measures and vaccination approaches are required to improve the situation of @entity827 on the island.

title: @entity827 and other tick transmitted piroplasmoses in XXXX in Minorca (Balearic Islands, Spain): the effect of tick control on prevalence levels analyzed by reverse line blot (RLB) macroarrays.

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['Mediterranean theileriosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['piroplasm infections']

entities_list: @entity7546 :: ('5874', 'Species') :: ['Theileria annulata', 'T. annulata']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['endemic in Minorca']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: One hundred and fifty-nine previously untreated @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), who were not eligible for intensive chemotherapy, were entered into a randomised study of intravenous (i.v.) @entity632 and @entity1260 (with mesna) and oral @entity2879 . The i.v. drugs were given either by bolus therapy or by a continuous infusion (CI) pump over 7 days via a central venous line. Therapy was given for 6 weeks only. On weeks 1, 3 and 5 IV @entity632 35 mg m-2 was given with 5 days of oral @entity2879 100 mg m-2 daily. On weeks 2, 4 and 6 IV @entity1260 5 g m-2 was given with equidose mesna. The overall median survival was 25 weeks for @entity1 in the bolus arm and 30 weeks for the CI therapy (P = 0.45). The overall response rate was 64% (18% complete response-CR) and 69% (30% CR) respectively (P = 0.13). The median WHO score for haematological @entity137 was 4 for bolus therapy and 3 for CI therapy (P = 0.0007). Despite a trend for less supportive care for @entity1 on CI therapy there were no significant differences in the use of i.v. antibodies and blood or platelet transfusions. There were fewer treatment delays due to myelotoxicity in the CI arm (P = 0.04). The median WHO score for non-haematological @entity137 was 2 in both treatment groups. There was significantly less @entity390 (P = 0.037) but more @entity33 (P = 0.01) in the CI arm. Weekly chemotherapy using CI treatment was as effective as bolus therapy. It was well accepted by @entity1 . The assessment of quality of life in a subgroup of @entity1 showed a statistically significant reduction in @entity148 and @entity308 for both groups of @entity1 during therapy.

title: A randomised study of bolus vs continuous pump infusion of @entity1260 and @entity632 with oral XXXX for @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between prenatal appearance and perinatal outcome of fetuses with @entity99 with special emphasis on criteria that may help to improve perinatal management. METHODS: In a tertiary referral center six fetuses with @entity99 were evaluated by gray-scale, color, and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound between 1994 and 2000. Fetal blood sampling was performed in four cases. All data (computerized files and video tapes) were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Two fetuses showed very similar sonographic findings. They had an isolated large ('giant') round @entity99 (diameter 43 and 68 mm, respectively) supplied by one hepatic artery and drained by one hepatic vein, both of them showing high velocity and low pulsatility blood flow. Fetal blood count and coagulation parameters were normal in one case, whereas the other fetus showed a Kasabach-Merritt sequence with severe @entity882 (10 platelets/nL) and mild @entity5642 . Intrauterine platelet transfusion was performed immediately prior to planned Cesarean delivery. Rapid platelet consumption continued postnatally, requiring several thrombocyte transfusions. Platelet counts stabilized only after @entity5 resection on the second day of life. One fetus with @entity14311 developed @entity5691 with @entity4 in addition to Kasabach-Merritt sequence (15 platelets/nL), and died following premature delivery. Three fetuses, however, showing an isolated small hyperechogenic @entity99 (5, 5, and 6 mm in diameter, respectively) did not develop any perinatal complications. CONCLUSION: Large fetal @entity409 and diffuse @entity14311 may cause severe perinatal complications, particularly @entity5691 and/or Kasabach-Merritt sequence with severe consumption of platelets and clotting factors and @entity5714 . Fetal blood sampling enables the prenatal detection of these potential complications, allowing critical modification of perinatal management such as intrauterine platelet transfusion, especially directly before delivery. In contrast, isolated @entity99 do not appear to be associated with any of these fetal and postnatal sequelae.

title: Prenatal diagnosis and management of fetuses with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['high-output cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hemangiomata']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity14311 :: ('MESH:C566283', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomatosis', 'diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hemangiomata', 'small hyperreflexic hepatic hemangiomata', 'hepatic hemangioma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver hemangiomata']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The factor structure and clinical correlates of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory were determined within a sample of @entity1 with @entity73 . METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected within an outpatient @entity2414 Center. Clinical @entity1 were diagnosed with either mild @entity303 (N  = 45) or @entity73 , no @entity303 (N  = 55). A comparison group of @entity1 without subjective @entity2414 (N  = 50) was also included. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was administered and scored as both the 20-item version and 5-item short form. Measures of cognitive status, @entity308 , and functioning were also completed. RESULTS: Clinical @entity1 reported more severe @entity148 than did @entity1 in the comparison group; however, the two @entity1 groups did not differ. Principal components analysis revealed a four-factor structure of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. Item endorsement on factors characterized by excessive worry and difficulty making decisions were associated with a nearly twofold (odds ratio [OR]: 1.86) and nearly sixfold (OR: 5.70) odds of having @entity73 , respectively. The short-form version was composed of a single factor, and item endorsement was associated with a twofold increased odds of having @entity73 (OR: 2.02). CONCLUSION: Psychometric properties of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory are acceptable among @entity1 with @entity73 . @entity148 were common, and symptoms characterized by excessive worry and difficulty making decisions demonstrated the strongest associations with cognitive status.

title: Geriatric XXXX inventory: factor structure and associations with cognitive status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory complaints', 'Memory Disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Controlling the differentiation of @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and providing tissue functions in engineered constructs before implantation are major challenges. Beside the additives in culture media, the artificial niches inside a scaffold can serve this purpose. To prepare niches favoring the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs, components of the extracellular matrix of bone were immobilized on fabrics of @entity13099 . Aqueous gels of fibrillar @entity291 collagen I, with or without addition of chondroitin sulphate (CS), were immobilized on the textile scaffold, sub-structured in a freeze-drying process, and cross-linked. hMSCs of four donors were isolated from bone marrow. After expansion, the cells were seeded dynamically onto the scaffolds. From thereon, the culture was transferred into perfused vessels and partly submitted to @entity619 to promote osteogenic differentiation. During their 4 weeks of culture, the cells' distribution and morphology throughout the scaffolds were characterized by laser scanning microscopy (LSM) and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Photospectrometrically the cells' viability ( @entity98 ) and @entity623 ( @entity623 ) production were assessed. The transcription of osteoblast-specific markers was elucidated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Cells on CS-containing scaffolds in the presence of @entity619 showed the highest @entity623 production. PCR monitored an increase of osteoblastic markers. All scaffolds showed higher @entity460 deposition than cell-free controls. These results lead to the conclusion that a niche containing CS renders the differentiation of hMSCs toward osteoblastic cells more specific.

title: Mimicked bioartificial matrix containing chondroitin sulphate on a textile scaffold of @entity13099 alters the differentiation of adult XXXX mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity13099 :: ('MESH:C003182', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the medical literature, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain @entity3 results in rates of local control of 65 to 85 %. To define @entity1 selection criteria, we measured the survival in a population with a high proportion of @entity1149 (NCS lung) @entity3 that occurred soon after primary diagnosis. Between 9/89 and 10/93 30 adults (21 M, 9 F) had SRS for metastatic @entity2 (14 @entity1 ) vs. @entity2 (16 @entity1 having breast (3), renal (3), @entity320 (3), GI (2, thyroid (1) or @entity189 of unknown origin (4)). The @entity3 were solitary for 22 @entity1 and multiple for 8 @entity1 . Average ages (y) (+/-SD) were 58.6+/-10.4 for NSC lung @entity1 and 53.4+/-12.5 (p = 0.32) for non-lung @entity1 . The average interval (months) from diagnosis of the primary to @entity3 was 23.8+/-41.4 for all @entity1 . This interval was shorter for NSC lung @entity1 : 3.1+/-6.0 vs. 48.0+/-51.7 (p < 0.001) for non-lung @entity1 . Twenty seven @entity1 had conventional radiotherapy (XRT) before (24 @entity1 ) or after (3 @entity1 ) SRS. Doses (cGy) were 3303+/-841 for 13 NSC lung @entity1 and 4256+/-992 for 14 non-lung @entity1 (p = 0.034). The median time from primary diagnosis to SRS was shorter for the NSC lung @entity1 (11 mo) compared to the non-lung @entity1 (35 mo). SRS was given for recurrence of @entity3 after XRT for 11/14 NSC lung @entity1 and 13/16 non-lung @entity1 . The doses (cGy) of SRS were 1579+/-484 vs. 1682+/-476 (p=0.45) for the NSC lung and non-lung groups, respectively. After SRS a decrease in @entity3 diameter was observed in 10 of 14 NSC lung @entity1 vs. 12 of 16 non-lung @entity1 (p=0.85 Chi-square). Twenty-seven of the 30 @entity1 have died. For all @entity1 , the median survival after diagnosis of the primary and after radiosurgery was 31.3 and 8.4 months, respectively. The median survival (95% CI) from primary diagnosis was 24.3 months (13.2-27.3) for NSC lung @entity1 and 46.5 months (39.2-65.5) for non-lung @entity1 (p=0.005 logrank test). The median survival (95% CI) after SRS was 7.9 months (3.0-14.3) for the NSC lung @entity1 and 8.4 (2.9-11.9) months for the non-lung @entity1 (p=0.98 logrank test). Within the two groups, no difference in survival was observed for @entity1 who had SRS sooner (< 1 yr for NSC lung; < 3 yr for non-lung) after primary diagnosis: 9.3 vs. 6.5 mo for NSC lung (p=0.21) and 10.5 vs. 7.2 mo for non-lung (p=0.87). In this series, the shortened intervals from primary diagnosis to SRS for NSC lung @entity3 was associated with post-SRS survivorship that was equivalent to the more favorable non-lung group.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain @entity3 : @entity2 vs. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['NSC lung carcinoma', 'non-lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['non-lung tumors']


abstract: Over a 15-month period 14 consecutive @entity1 underwent surgery for extensive @entity439 with a nonheparinized centrifugally pumped (Bio Medicus) bypass and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recording. Six @entity1 had a femorofemoral and eight @entity1 a left @entity2096 . The study aimed to assess the contribution of this approach to the prevention of @entity2759 and the impact of the approach on surgical strategy. All @entity1 survived operation; the 30-day and hospital mortality was 21% (three @entity1 ). Two @entity1 became paraplegic. No major @entity299 occurred. Distal aortic perfusion allowed staged cross-clamping of the aorta in five (35.7%) @entity1 , resulting in a significant reduction in mean spinal cross-clamp time: 23.4 min versus a calculated time of 47.2 min in the same @entity1 if distal aortic perfusion had not been used (p less than or equal to 0.002). In one @entity1 surgical strategy was adjusted during cross-clamping in order to reattach a critical intercostal artery. SEP-derived information confirmed the appropriateness of the surgical strategy in all cases. Whether the spinal cord was protected by this perfusion remained unproven. No bypass-related complications occurred. Distal aortic perfusion and concomitant SEP monitoring offer an improvement of surgical strategy and safer surgery.

title: Prevention of XXXX in surgery of thoraco-abdominal aneurysms. The Bio Medicus pump, the recording of somatosensory evoked potentials and the impact on surgical strategy.

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and renal complications']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['atrial-common femoral artery bypass']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['spinal cord ischemia']


abstract: Immunohistochemical quantitative evaluation of @entity172 receptors (ER) detected in tissue sections from 30 @entity0 by monoclonal antibody was performed using a densitometric method. In particular, ER concentration was calculated by nuclear mean optical density (nMOD), while heterogeneity in ER content was calculated by the coefficient of variation (CV) of the nuclear optical density histogram. @entity5 which showed more than 60% of positive cells had a mean value of ER-nMOD of 0.116 +/- 0.002 a.u. and of ER-CV of 33.74 +/- 0.68. @entity5 which showed 30% to 60% of positive cells had a mean value of ER-nMOD of 0.082 +/- 0.006 a.u. (arbitrary units) and of ER-CV of 36.25 +/- 3.44. @entity5 showing less than 30% of positive cells had ER-nMOD of 0.052 +/- 0.009 a.u. and ER-CV of 48.49 +/- 5.61. These results indicate that the greater the concentration the lower the ER heterogeneity within the @entity5 sample. No significant differences between ER-ICA results, nuclear size and form factors were found.

title: Densitometric and morphometric study of immunocytochemical XXXX receptors detection in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The importance of serum lipids as cardiovascular risk factors is well recognized. However, most published studies have focused on western countries. The present study aimed to describe and analyze the lipid profile parameters in @entity55433 @entity1 , and to identify concomitant clinical problems and risk factors associated with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) among such @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective record review was carried out at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. The records were reviewed for 890 dyslipidemic @entity1 who attended the hospital in 2007. Data were collected for age at time of presentation, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, pre-treatment lipid levels, and presence of associated illnesses. The study sample was classified according to the National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III risk groups. RESULTS: The mean (SD) values for total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , high density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity1674 were 6.4 (1.3), 4.1 (1.3), 1.4 (0.5) and 1.9 (1.2) mmol/l, respectively. Less than half of study sample (43.1%) had @entity301 and @entity301 equivalents, 24.3% were at moderate risk, and 32.6% were at low risk. @entity101 was present in 79.9% of the study sample, while 27.5% were @entity6 . @entity65 was reported among 17.9%. Logistic regression revealed that family history of premature @entity65 , higher age risk group; ethnicity and total @entity165 were predictors for the development of @entity65 . CONCLUSION: The present review showed that dyslipidemic @entity1 had high total @entity165 levels, according to National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. They were clinically diagnosed at middle age. @entity101 and @entity6 were the commonest associated clinical problems. A large proportion of the @entity1 were within the @entity301 or @entity301 risk equivalent group. Family history of premature @entity65 , age, ethnicity, and total @entity165 are important risk factors for the development of @entity65 in @entity55433 @entity1 .

title: Lipid profile parameters in @entity55433 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55433 :: ('MESH:C566230', 'Disease') :: ['Malaysian dyslipidemic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart diseases', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Prolonged suffering from @entity158 can affect quality of life to the point where @entity1 lose desire to live. The attitude towards @entity158 management in @entity5 @entity1 has changed over the last two decades. The principles of treatment are based on prescribing analgetics while individually adapting medications and dosage according to the level of @entity158 . Use of existing guidelines may relieve @entity158 symptoms in 90% of @entity1 . We evaluate knowledge, attitudes and skills of family physicians in Israel with regard to treatment of @entity158 in @entity5 @entity1 . The study included 123 family medicine residents and specialists from 3 different regions in Israel (Negev, Emek-Izrael, Jerusalem) who filled a self-reply, structured questionnaire. The response rate was 68%. The majority of physicians were residents in family medicine (55%) with work experience of 4-10 years, whose average age was 38.5 +/- 5.5 years. The majority of the study population: believe that treatment of @entity158 in @entity5 @entity1 is their responsibility (57%); do not believe that strong opioids cause addiction while it is thought that there is a moderate to high risk of addiction; feel comfortable prescribing opioids and are aware that opioids should be prescribed as needed without restriction. However, 25% will prescribe opioids "as needed" to a certain limit, and 30% will prescribe opioids only with a recommendation from the oncologist; most feel lack of knowledge in the areas of @entity158 evaluation, opioid treatment, and managing side-effects of opioid treatment and feel a need for additional knowledge of opioid use. The treatment of @entity5 @entity1 and their families is an important and serious challenge facing the family physician. The teaching of the proper tools will assist the future generation of family physicians in facing this challenge.

title: [Knowledge, attitudes and skills of family physicians in Israel with regard to chronic pain management in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is a stimulant that increases extracellular levels of @entity935 and @entity1063 . It can diminish risky decision-making tendencies in certain clinical populations. @entity7541 is also used, without license, by healthy adults, but the impact on their decision-making is not well established. Previous work has found that @entity935 receptor activity of healthy adults can modulate the influence of stake magnitude on decisions to persistently gamble after incurring a loss. In this study, we tested for modulation of this effect by @entity7541 in 40 healthy @entity1 adults. In a double-blind experiment, 20 subjects received 20 mg of @entity7541 , while 20 matched controls received a placebo. All were provided with 30 rounds of opportunities to accept an incurred loss from their assets or opt for a "double-or-nothing" gamble that would either avoid or double it. Rounds began with a variable loss that would double with every failed gamble until it was accepted, recovered, or reached a specified maximum. Probability of recovery on any gamble was low and ambiguous. Subjects receiving placebo gambled less as the magnitude of the stake was raised and as the magnitude of accumulated loss escalated over the course of the task. In contrast, subjects treated with @entity7541 gambled at a consistent rate, well above chance, across all stakes and trials. Trait reward responsiveness also reduced the impact of high stakes. The findings suggest that elevated @entity2922 activity by @entity7541 can disrupt inhibitory influences on persistent risky choice in healthy adults.

title: In for a penny, in for a pound: XXXX reduces the inhibitory effect of high stakes on persistent risky choice.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the available surgical treatment modalities so as to explore the optimal strategy of managing early @entity0 . METHODS: The clinical data of 2173 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 treated by surgery treatments were retrospectively reviewed in order to clarify the indications and contraindications of different modalities. Therapeutic outcome of different surgical treatment modes were compared in terms of recurrence-free survival ( RFS) , disease-free survival ( DFS) , @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The cosmetic results of breast conservation and reconstruction were also evaluated . RESULTS: The median age of these @entity1 was 51 years ranging from 18 to 91. Of 2173 @entity1 , 547 had stage 0- I lesions and 1626 stage II , and 1155 (53. 2% ) premenopausal. The proportion of @entity1 who received radical surgery, breast conservation and reconstruction after mastectomy was 83. 6% (1817/2173), 10. 5% (229/2173) and 2. 5% (55/2173) , respectively. Younger and premenopausal @entity1 prefer conservative and reconstructive surgeries, which are reasonable for stage 0-I and non-invasive @entity0 @entity1 . Conservative surgery was not suitable for @entity4098 (P = 0. 004) , mastectomy followed by reconstruction in this type of @entity5 was up to 38. 5%. The recurrence and @entity3 rate of conservation or mastectomy were similar with a comparable 3-year RFS of 97. 4% and 95. 4% , respectively; there were also no significant differences in RFS(P =0. 2435) , DFS( P =0. 1395) and @entity1349 (P =0. 9406) after having been followed for 3 to 64 months. Similarly, immediate reconstruction did not show any negative effects with only 1 recurrence and 1 @entity3 . Aesthetic outcomes were assessed as excellent or good in 90. 0% of breast conservation surgery, and the acceptability of reconstruction was 94. 5%. CONCLUSION: Breast conserving surgery not only has comparable survival as mastectomy, but also has better cosmetic outcomes. Immediate breast reconstruction can be a suitable option without compromising survival. It is very important in the management for early @entity0 by selecting the most suitable surgery mode for every individual @entity1 not only to cure her disease but also to satisfy the @entity1 psychologically. Conservation should be preferred prior to reconstruction whenever possible.

title: [Surgical management of early XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4098 :: ('MESH:D010144', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease of breast"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Several risk factors have been suggested for @entity170 which frequently occurs in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 . We studied prevalence and risk factors for reduced @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity29 @entity1 at the University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland. METHODS: The @entity79 was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in 88 @entity29 @entity1 (55 with @entity30 , 30 with @entity31 , and 3 with indeterminate @entity1960 ). Z scores were obtained by comparison with age- and sex-matched normal values, and T scores by comparison with sex-matched healthy young adults. @entity2331 and @entity170 were defined according to the WHO guidelines. Predictive factors for @entity79 were analyzed by group comparison and stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS: @entity2331 was present in 43% of the @entity1 at the lumbar spine and in 42% of them at the femoral neck. @entity170 was present in 14% of the @entity1 at the lumbar spine and in 5% of them at the femoral neck. At the lumbar spine, stepwise regression analysis showed that body mass index, age, number of bowel resections, topic @entity230 , and @entity500 correlated with the Z scores. Cumulative @entity134 dose, topic @entity230 , age and bowel resection were found to be predictors for a pathological T score. At the femoral neck, regression analysis showed that body mass index, age, topic @entity230 , and @entity500 correlated with the Z scores. Only a low body mass index was a significant predictor for pathological femoral T scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2331 and @entity170 are commonly found in @entity29 @entity1 . @entity134 treatment and bowel resection were significant risk factors for @entity170 of the lumbar spine. However, disease-inherent factors also appear to confer a major risk, indicating that the @entity79 should be determined in all @entity29 @entity1 , irrespective of @entity134 treatment.

title: Analysis of risk factors for low XXXX in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: A phase II study was undertaken to assess whether continuous infusion of high-dose recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) alone was active against different histologic subtypes of heavily pretreated @entity706 . Sixty one @entity706 were included in the study. @entity5041 (Roussel UCLAF, Romainville, France) was administered by continuous infusion at 20 x 10(6) IU/m2 for three cycles of 5 days, 4 days, and 3 days, during the first week, third week, and fifth week, respectively. Twenty-four low-grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) were resistant to an @entity4349 -containing regimen. Twenty-three intermediate and high-grade @entity1893 were refractory to initial treatment or to salvage therapy. Seven @entity978 were refractory to at least three regimens or relapsed after autologous bone marrow transplantation. @entity4888 were refractory to chemotherapy. In low-grade @entity1893 , one complete response (CR) was observed. In @entity1893 , there were three CRs and two partial responses (PRs). No response was noted in @entity978 . One CR and four PRs were observed in @entity3217 fungo  des. Complete response durations were 23, 20, 17, 12, and 4 months. Grade 4 @entity137 was observed in 29 @entity1 leading to arrest of therapy in 12 @entity1 . The response to @entity5041 therapy in @entity706 differs according to histologic subtypes. Five responses were observed in 23 @entity146 . Five of seven @entity3217 fungo  des responded; these preliminary results warrant testing of a larger number of @entity1 .

title: @entity1199 treatment in XXXX : a phase II multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['Seven mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'aggressive NHL', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease", "Hodgkin's diseases"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of emotionalism after @entity64 , to assess its relation with other @entity1316 , and to identify clinical variables with which it is associated. DESIGN: Descriptive study of a cohort of @entity1 consecutively entered on a community @entity64 register. SETTING: Community based research project. @entity1 : A total of 128 @entity1 who had suffered first ever @entity64 . INTERVENTIONS AND END POINTS: @entity1 were interviewed by a psychiatrist at 1, 6, and 12 months after @entity64 . Mood state was assessed by standardised semistructured interview (present state examination) and self report (Beck depression inventory). @entity73 was assessed by mini mental state examination and Frenchay aphasia screening test. In addition, @entity64 lesions were localised by computed tomography. MAIN RESULTS: Emotionalism was reported by 13 of 89 @entity1 (15%) at one month, 25 of 119 (21%) at six months, and 12 of 112 (11%) at 12 months after @entity64 . @entity1 with emotionalism had higher scores on both measures of @entity1316 (at 6 months: mean Beck score 10.5 v 6.4; present state examination score 7.2 v 5.1) and more diagnosable @entity146 (at 6 months: 40% v 14%; odds ratio 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 11.9). Almost all @entity2749 were provoked by clearly identified and appropriate emotional experiences. @entity1 with emotionalism also had more @entity73 and larger lesions on computed tomography. Lesions in the left frontal and temporal regions were particularly associated with emotionalism: at 6 months 8 of 14 @entity1 (57%) with such lesions had emotionalism compared with 10 of 52 (19%) of those with lesions elsewhere (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 22). CONCLUSIONS: Emotionalism is common after @entity64 . It is neither emotionally meaningless and inappropriate, nor is it found mostly in @entity1 with bilateral @entity75 . Emotionalism is associated with symptoms of a more general mood disturbance and is found especially in @entity1 with @entity75 .

title: Emotionalism after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal and temporal lesions', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Intellectual impairment', 'intellectual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disorders']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity4306 , an @entity74 is believed to be caused by mutation in the @entity1 trypsinogen gene. The role of mutations has been investigated by in vitro studies using recombinant @entity35 and @entity1 trypsinogen (TG). In this study we compare the enzymatic properties and inhibition by @entity1 @entity9379 ( @entity9379 ) of the native, postsynthetically modified and recombinant cationic trypsin, and found these values practically identical. We also determined the autolytic stability of recombinant wild type (Hu1Asn21) and @entity788 -associated (Hu1Ile21) trypsin. Both forms were equally stable. Similarly, we found no difference in the rate of activation of the two zymogens by @entity1 cationic and anionic trypsin. @entity21048 did not activate either form. The rate of autocatalytic activation of Hu1Asn21 TG and Hu1Ile21 TG was also identical at pH 8 both in the presence and absence of @entity141 . At pH 5 Hu1Ile21 TG autoactivated about twice as fast as Hu1Asn21 TG. The presence of physiological amount of @entity9379 completely prevented autoactivation of both zymogens at pH 8 and at pH 5 as well. @entity467 readily activated both zymogens although Hu1Ile21 TG was activated about 2.5-3 times as fast as Hu1Asn21 TG. The presence of @entity9379 did not prevent the activation of zymogens by @entity467 . Our results underlie the central role of @entity467 in the development of different forms of @entity788 .

title: Comparative in vitro studies on native and recombinant XXXX cationic trypsins. @entity467 is a possible pathological activator of trypsinogen in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity467 :: ('1508', 'Gene') :: ['Cathepsin B', 'cathepsin B']

entities_list: @entity4306 :: ('MESH:C537262', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity9379 :: ('6690', 'Gene') :: ['hPSTI', 'pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on @entity5 screening programs that have covered a whole nation over a prolonged time are scarce. The effectiveness of a 40-year established nationwide cervical screening program has been evaluated to define optimal age limits and screening intervals. METHODS: Trends in incidence and mortality by calendar time, age, histology, stage and attendance during 1964-2002 and the predictive power of calendar year, age, stage and histology on the cause-specific mortality rate were analyzed. RESULTS: The rate of @entity957 decreased significantly, but the rate of @entity420 increased. The age-specific incidence and cause-specific mortality decreased significantly for all age groups except those @entity1 aged 20-29 years. An increased age-specific incidence rate, confined to stage I, was observed in the age group 20-39 years after 1980 and a positive correlation was observed between early attendance and the rate of @entity1544 and @entity420 in this age group. The cumulative incidence of @entity3 started to increase two years after the last negative smear. Stage was the strongest risk factor, followed by age and calendar time, and to a lesser degree histology. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the effectiveness of the screening program and support the recommendation that screening should commence below age 25 with a maximum of 3-year initial screening intervals. The interval can then be extended after age 40 and stopped after age 65.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX screening in Iceland, 1964-2002: a study on trends in incidence and mortality and the effect of risk factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['microinvasive squamous (stage IA) cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: In the Netherlands it has recently become possible for transsexual @entity1 to receive hormonal treatment from the onset of puberty. Until the age of 16, pubertal development can be prevented with @entity4396 ( @entity4396 ) agonists. From 16 years of age onwards, gender adjustment can be initiated by administration of hormones of the opposite sex. Surgical treatment can be offered once the @entity1 reaches 18 years of age. Although such treatment will only be initiated with reticence and after a long phase of intense diagnostic screening, the question arises whether a clear differentiation can be made between pure @entity5748 and secondary transsexual feelings that are part of an ongoing psychopathological development, such as @entity161 . The potential diagnostic confusion is illustrated by a case history of a male @entity161 @entity1 . This @entity1 had been treated hormonally for transsexualism for years before acute @entity716 decompensation occurred. Neuroleptic treatment of the @entity716 rapidly reduced the @entity716 . In retrospect, the @entity1 regards his transsexual period as a 'mistake'. @entity8143 about one's physical appearance and the urge to drastically change the way one looks appear to be relatively common in @entity1 suffering from @entity161 .

title: [ @entity5748 as a symptom of XXXX , @entity161 in particular].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone', 'LHRH']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['gender identity disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['Delusions']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity1239 is known to facilitate attentional processing, but its role in processing spatial and non-spatial cues is not well established in rodents. OBJECTIVE: These experiments tested the hypothesis that @entity1239 facilitates the orienting of attention in space but has no effect on non-spatial cues and that the benefits are blocked by the nicotinic antagonist @entity6959 . METHODS: Eight male @entity35 were trained to insert their noses in an opening, which triggered the presentation of cue and target lights in a modified covert orienting task. Four types of trials were presented: valid cues (cue and target lights on the same side of the nose hole), invalid cues (cue and targets on opposite sides), double cues (both cue lights illuminated, target on either side), and no cue (cue lights omitted, targets on either side). The reaction time required to withdraw the nose from the fixation hole (RT) and the time for the @entity35 to move to the feeder (MT) were measured. RESULTS: @entity1239 decreased all RTs in a dose-dependent manner but significantly lowered the invalid cue RTs and the validity effect (invalid-valid cue RT). @entity6959 slowed RTs in a dose-dependent fashion and reduced the validity effect by significantly slowing the valid cue RTs. With mixtures of a fixed strength of @entity1239 and an increasing dose of @entity6959 , RTs showed @entity1239 -like effects at low doses and @entity6959 -like effects at high doses. Neither of these drugs had a major effect on non-orienting trials (double and no cue RTs), and the alerting effect (no cue RTs-double cue RTs). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together with recent work in @entity1 and non- @entity1 primates, these results suggest that the nicotinic cholinergic modulation of visual covert orienting is conserved across species despite different ecological niches.

title: Cholinergic modulation of covert attention in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine', 'Mecamylamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) are treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) if a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatible sibling donor is available, or alternatively with @entity34 ( @entity34 ). Three retrospective trials examining BMT vs @entity34 in pediatric @entity1 treated from 1970-1988 found BMT resulted in a superior survival rate. Advances have been made in general supportive care and in the approach to each of these treatment modalities in the last decade. To compare survival following BMT and @entity34 in a more recent era, we retrospectively analyzed the results of 48 consecutively treated @entity1 with @entity2150 presenting to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1983 and 1992. In contrast to the previous studies, the estimated survival of the BMT and @entity34 groups at 120 months are equivalent, 75.6% and 73.8%, respectively. The @entity34 results in our series are superior to the 42-48% (2-10 year) survival previously published, but similar to survival data observed in more recent @entity34 trials employing more intensive immunosuppression (antithymocyte globulin and @entity205 ). The overall BMT survival rates are similar to those previously published, although BMT results improved dramatically during the latter five years of this analysis, with all 11 @entity1 transplanted surviving with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. No surviving BMT @entity1 has extensive @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), a major cause of long-term mortality post-BMT. Therefore, it is likely the BMT survival curve will remain stable. In contrast, the survival curve of the @entity34 @entity1 is likely unstable, since @entity1 are still at risk for relapse or development of @entity2214 . Thus, despite overall similar survival rates, we continue to recommend BMT as first-line therapy in pediatric @entity2150 @entity1 with matched sibling donors.

title: Comparison of long-term outcome of XXXX with @entity2150 treated with immunosuppression versus bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal disease']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['severe aplastic anemia', 'SAA']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GvHD', 'chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['IST', 'immunosuppressive therapy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A prospective evaluation of 333 consecutive @entity1 undergoing isolated mitral valve replacement between 1982 and 1985 was performed to identify the predictors of survival and @entity712 . Follow-up between 2 and 6 years postoperatively (mean, 32 +/- 17 months) was 98% complete. Four prostheses were inserted to permit a prospective evaluation of alternative valves: Bj  rk-Shiley mechanical (n = 118), Ionescu-Shiley pericardial (n = 146), Carpentier-Edwards porcine (n = 38), and Hancock pericardial (n = 31). Hospital mortality was 6%, and actuarial survival at 5 years was 74% +/- 5%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified advancing age (less than 40 years, 88% +/- 7%; greater than 70 years, 50% +/- 14%) and poor left ventricular function (ejection fraction less than 0.20, 62% +/- 17%; ejection fraction greater than 0.60, 80% +/- 7%) as independent predictors of postoperative survival. Freedom from structural @entity340 , @entity340 , reoperation, and valve-related mortality and morbidity were 86% +/- 4%, 91% +/- 4%, 81% +/- 4%, and 72% +/- 5%, respectively, at 5 years. The actuarial incidence of @entity712 was inordinately high with the Hancock pericardial valve (p less than 0.05). Freedom from @entity1031 (78% +/- 8% at 5 years) was significantly lower in @entity1 with poor ventricular function (ejection fraction (less than 0.20, 54% +/- 20%; ejection fraction greater than 0.60, 73% +/- 11%; p less than 0.05). Survival after mitral valve replacement was determined by age and left ventricular function. Premature failure of the Hancock pericardial valve resulted in an unacceptable rate of @entity340 .

title: Determinants of survival and XXXX after mitral valve replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis', 'valve-related complications', 'valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['valve failure']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['valve failure']


abstract: A prospective clinical trial was conducted involving @entity1 with prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disk proven myelographically, who had anterior diskectomy and disk replacement with a @entity702 -mesh block implant. A pilot study was done in 1971 on six @entity1 . In this trial, 28 @entity1 were operated on with informed consent. Twenty-three had a minimum of five years' follow-up study. There were 14 @entity1 and @entity1 , and nine @entity1 and @entity1 . The average follow-up period was eight years and four months (range, five to 12 years three months). The average age at operation was 36 years four months (range, 13-66 years). Symptomatic improvement were divided into three groups. Sixteen @entity1 were in Group 1, three in Group 2, and three in Group 3. Flexion-extension radiographs showed 14 @entity1 with no movement between the vertebral bodies adjacent to the operated disk, five with minimal movement, and four with definite movement. At the implant-bone interface, no radiolucent zone was seen in 18 @entity1 , and a definite radiolucent zone was seen in five. Twenty implants were intact, three implants had developed a crack, and three were deformed. There were no complications. The @entity702 -mesh block implant is an effective substitute for autogenous bone grafting in interbody fusion.

title: XXXX -mesh block replacement of the intervertebral disk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity11570 in young males in the area of El Bierzo (Ponferrada, Spain) and the complications arising from this condition. METHODS: The cases of @entity11570 referred by the primary care services to the emergency services of Hospital del Bierzo referral center were reviewed. We analyzed @entity1 age, unilateral or bilateral testicular involvement, whether the @entity1 had been vaccinated against mumps and the changes observed in the semen analysis. RESULTS: The diagnosis of @entity11570 was confirmed in 8 @entity1 , aged 15 to 19 years. Two @entity1 had bilateral testicular involvement. Seven @entity1 had not been vaccinated against @entity8174 . Three @entity1 had oligoasthenospermia and are currently being followed at the Urology services. CONCLUSIONS: The utility of large scale vaccination against mumps is emphasized. Long-term follow-up is recommended for all @entity1 with abnormal semen analysis, particularly those with bilateral testicular involvement, since they may develop oligoasthernospermia several years after the infection or improve with item. A high incidence of @entity11570 was found for this 12-month study period.

title: [Mumps XXXX ; review of 8 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotiditis']

entities_list: @entity11570 :: ('MESH:D009920', 'Disease') :: ['mumps orchitis']

answer: @entity11570 :: (MESH:D009920,Disease) :: ['orchitis']


abstract: Foetal wounds heal with minimal or no scar formation. High levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been implicated as a contributory factor. Macrophages are essential for normal wound healing, a role facilitated by secretion of an array of cytokines. Of these, @entity5 factor alpha ( @entity310 ) has been shown to reduce wound collagen levels and thus scarring. This study examines the ability of HA to stimulate @entity310 production by @entity1 macrophages. The @entity1 U937 myelomonocytic cell line was differentiated into DU937 adherent macrophages. DU937 monolayers were exposed to HA at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. Conditioned media from HA-exposed monolayers were assayed for @entity310 activity using a standard L929 fibroblast bioassay. @entity310 activities of HA-exposed DU937 culture supernatants were compared to those of controls and expressed as % @entity137 . Exposure of macrophages to HA at concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml and 100 micrograms/ml significantly stimulated @entity310 production, as demonstrated by % cytotoxicities expressed as median (interquartile range) of 33.5 (29-34.5)% (P = 0.03) and 77.5 (67-85)% (P = 0.029) respectively (Mann-Whitney U test). This effect was specifically associated with @entity310 generated during HA exposure, as these cytotoxic effects could be abolished by addition of anti- @entity310 antibody, reducing @entity137 to 9 (6.5-13.5)% and 8.5 (6-12)% respectively. These observations indicate that HA stimulates @entity310 production by @entity1 macrophages. @entity310 is known to downregulate fibroblastic collagen synthesis within experimental wounds. We suggest that the high levels of @entity130 may play a part in limiting @entity3385 , and thereby limit scarring, via an upregulation of @entity310 production from wound macrophages.

title: Hyaluronic acid induces XXXX factor-alpha production by @entity1 macrophages in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['HA within foetal wounds']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Cardiff @entity717 Index (CADI) assesses the impact of acne on a @entity1 life. The aim of the present study was to translate the CADI into Persian language and to validate the Persian version. METHODS: Using standard forward-backward translation, 2 bilinguals translated the CADI into Persian language. We back translated it into English and the final version was provided. We conducted this study from February through December 2004 on 100 @entity1 with acne attending the Department of Dermatology, Jahrom Medical School, Jahrom, Iran who completed the Persian version of the CADI questionnaire. We carried out all statistical analyses using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11 for Windows. RESULTS: A total of 100 @entity1 (15 @entity1 , 85 @entity1 ) with acne participated in this study. The mean age of the @entity1 was 20.76 +/- 2.94 years. Scores of the CADI ranged from 2-14 (7.57 +/- 2.58). Reliability analysis showed a satisfactory result (Cronbachs alpha coefficient = 0.79). Moreover, Pearsons correlation coefficient of 0.72 demonstrated the good internal consistency of the scale. CONCLUSION: The Persian version of the CADI questionnaire is a reliable, valid, and valuable tool for assessing the impact of acne on a @entity1 's life.

title: The Persian version of the Cardiff XXXX Index. Reliability and validity study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Acne Disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Acne Disability']


abstract: Development of @entity75 is frequent in @entity6595 of @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ) type. Presence of clonal components in @entity75 was examined on the resected samples from 18 cases by using PCR-based method for immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement. There were two or more lesions in 10 cases, and 2 to 12 samples were obtained from each lesion. The remaining eight cases had a single large lesion, from which two to six samples were collected from separate areas from each other. A total of 86 samples were analyzed. Histologic findings in each sample were categorized as follows: proliferation of exclusively centrocyte-like cells (CCL), large cells, and combined CCL and large cells. Monoclonal or biclonal pattern (single or two bands) was observed in 42 samples, oligoclonal pattern (three or more bands) in 30, polyclonal (smear) in 11, and no products in 3. Large-cell-type lesions showed fewer bands than those with other histologic types, and 75% of cases with large-cell type had mono- or biclonal proliferation. Common clones were found among lesions in about 60% of cases. Especially in 4 cases including 2 cases with large-cell type, every lesion in the same case contained the common clones. These findings suggested that @entity6595 started as multi- or oligoclonal proliferation of cells, in which separate lesions composed of different clones from each other. As disease advances, dominant clones appear in some lesion and disseminate to other lesions via homing properties of the proliferating B lymphocytes.

title: Clonal evolution of @entity6595 of XXXX type.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma', 'gastric MALT lymphoma']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present a detailed clarification of the symptoms at disease onset of @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) and its more severe variant, @entity137 ( @entity137 ), with @entity2194 and to clarify the relationship between topical @entity134 use and visual prognosis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity1 : Ninety-four @entity1 with @entity6715 and @entity137 with @entity2194 . METHODS: A structured interview, examination of the @entity1 medical records, or both addressing clinical manifestations at disease onset were conducted for 94 @entity1 seen at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine. Any topical @entity134 use during the first week at the acute stage also was investigated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence and the details of prodromal symptoms and the @entity33 and the relationship between topical @entity134 use and visual outcomes. RESULTS: @entity1109 (general malaise, @entity221 , sore throat, etc.) preceded @entity272 in 75 cases, and extremely high @entity221 accompanied disease onset in 86 cases. Acute @entity2024 and oral and nail involvements were reported in all @entity1 who remembered the details. Acute @entity2024 occurred before the @entity272 in 42 @entity1 and simultaneously in 21 @entity1 , whereas only 1 @entity1 reported posteruption @entity2024 . Visual outcomes were significantly better in the group receiving topical @entity230 compared with those of the no-treatment group (P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity2024 occurring before or simultaneously with @entity272 accompanied by extremely high @entity221 and oral and nail involvement indicate the initiation of @entity6715 or @entity137 . Topical @entity134 treatment from disease onset seems to be important for the improvement of visual prognosis.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of @entity6715 and @entity137 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal involvements']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Common cold-like symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eruptions']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular complications']


abstract: In addition to engagement of the T cell receptor-CD3 complex, T lymphocytes can be activated by a variety of cell surface molecules including the approximately 50-kDa surface receptor @entity3138 . While the majority of biochemical signaling elements are triggered by either @entity3138 or TcR-CD3 receptors, a small number of proteins are engaged by only one receptor. Recently, @entity10407 (dok) ( @entity55848 ), a member of the Dok family of adapter molecules, has been reported to be activated by @entity3138 and not by CD3 engagement. Here we have examined the role of @entity10407 (dok) in @entity3138 -dependent signaling in Jurkat T cells. As previously reported, we find that ligation of the @entity3138 molecule by mitogenic pairs of anti- @entity3138 mAbs led to phosphorylation of @entity10407 (dok). While @entity3138 -induced @entity10407 (dok) @entity669 phosphorylation was independent of both the @entity6070 membrane adapter protein linker of activated T cells ( @entity6070 ) and the @entity6755 / @entity10255 family of kinases, it was dependent upon the Src family of kinases including @entity2952 and @entity7984 . We find further that @entity3138 engagement induced the association of @entity669 -phosphorylated @entity10407 (dok) to @entity4987 -L. The @entity3138 -dependent association of @entity10407 (dok) to @entity31307 was independent of expression of the @entity6755 / @entity10255 family of kinases. Of note, while T cell receptor-CD3 engagement did not induce either @entity10407 (dok) phosphorylation or @entity4987 -L association in Jurkat T cells, it did inhibit @entity3138 -dependent @entity10407 (dok)- @entity4987 -L complexes; this TcR-CD3-mediated regulation was dependent upon @entity6755 kinase activity. Our data suggest that phosphorylation of @entity10407 (dok) and its interaction with other signaling proteins may depend upon integrated signals emanating from the @entity3138 receptor, utilizing a @entity6755 / @entity6070 -independent pathway, and the TcR-CD3 receptor, which is @entity6755 / @entity10255 -dependent.

title: T cell regulation of @entity10407 (dok) ( @entity55848 ) association with XXXX -L.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity4987 :: (1398,Gene) :: ['Crk']


abstract: We reviewed pathologic, phenotypic, and clinical features of @entity1074 of @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ) type primarily involving lung to address unresolved questions regarding behavior and pathologic features of unambiguously diagnosed pulmonary @entity1074 . Lung specimens from 50 @entity1 were reviewed. Forty-one had low-grade @entity1074 . Nine had low-grade @entity1074 and diffuse large @entity1892 . The @entity1 included 32 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 with a median age of 68 years (range 34-88 years). Half of the @entity1 were asymptomatic at the time @entity706 was diagnosed. @entity854 were more commonly unilateral (37 @entity1 ) than bilateral (12 @entity1 ). Localized masses or nodules occurred in 39 @entity1 . Associated @entity792 (29%) and @entity1581 (43%) were common. @entity1893 formed intraparenchymal masses composed of centrocyte-like cells, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and plasma cells that formed lymphoepithelial lesions and exhibited a lymphangitic growth pattern. Mediastinal lymph nodes were involved histologically in 44% of cases. Lymphoma-specific survival was 71.7% at 10 years, and overall survival was significantly worse than age-and gender-matched control @entity1 . None of the following features predicted those @entity1 who had an adverse outcome: systemic symptoms, presence of @entity792 or @entity1581 , anatomic distribution and number of @entity358 , lymph node involvement, or presence of @entity4349 -treated large @entity1892 .

title: Pathologic and clinical features of primary pulmonary extranodal marginal zone XXXX of @entity1074 type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathies', 'paraproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'MALT', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue', 'extranodal marginal zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Radiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['Low-grade lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: Field data showing the daily patterns in body temperature (T(b)) of kangaroos in hot, arid conditions, with and without water, indicate the use of adaptive heterothermy, i.e. large variation in T(b). However, daily T(b) variation was greater in the Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), a species of mesic origin, than in the desert-adapted Red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus). The nature of such responses was studied by an examination of their thermal adjustments to @entity2700 in thermoneutral temperatures (25 degrees C) and at high temperature (45 degrees C) via the use of tame, habituated animals in a climate chamber. At the same level of @entity2700 M. rufus was less impacted, in that its T(b) changed less than that for @entity28827 while it evaporated significantly less water. At a T(a) of 45 degrees C with water restriction T(b) reached 38.9 +/- 0.3 degrees C in M. rufus compared with 40.2 +/- 0.4 degrees C for @entity28827 . The ability of M. rufus to reduce dry conductance in the heat while dehydrated was central to its superior thermal control. While @entity28827 showed more heterothermy, i.e. its T(b) varied more, this seemed due to a lower tolerance of @entity2700 in concert with a strong thermal challenge. The benefits of heterothermy to @entity28827 were also limited because of thermal (Q(10)) effects on metabolic heat production and evaporative heat loss. The impacts of T(b) on heat production were such that low morning T(b)'s seen in the field may be associated with energy saving, as well as water saving. Kangaroos respond to @entity2700 and heat similarly to many ungulates, and it is apparent that the accepted notions about adaptive heterothermy in large desert mammals may need revisiting.

title: XXXX , with and without heat, in kangaroos from mesic and arid habitats: different thermal responses including varying patterns in heterothermy in the field and laboratory.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity2700 :: (MESH:D003681,Disease) :: ['Dehydration']


abstract: Acoustic phenomena accompanying contractions of single motor units (MUs) have previously received little attention. Therefore, in the present study, the mechanomyographic (MMG) signals during evoked contractions of single MUs have been recorded from the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the @entity35 . A piezoelectric transducer immersed in a paraffin-oil pool was used for the measurement of these signals. Muscle fibre action potentials, tension and MMG were recorded in parallel during twitch (the weakest) and fused tetanic (the strongest) MU contractions. It was observed that the onset of the MMG signals was coincident with the beginning of the increase in tension for both the twitch and @entity116 . Weaker MMG signals than those accompanying the beginning of the first phase of the fused @entity116 were seen during the beginning of the relaxation after tetanic contraction. During contraction and relaxation, MMG signals were characterised by the reverse-direction of the first extreme phase, positive and negative, respectively. No MMG signals were observed when the tension was constant during the fused @entity116 . The amplitude of MMG signals was correlated with both the tension increase and the velocity of tension increase during both the twitch and the fused @entity116 . The strongest MUs (fast fatiguable) generated MMG signals of the highest amplitude. MMG signals were not detected for some of the weakest slow MUs (with tension increases of < or = 2 mN). These results indicate a strong correlation between the MMG and the change of tension. Therefore, we believe that MMG signals are generated by muscle deformation that occurs during the contraction of MU muscle fibres. We conclude that the number of active muscle fibres, their topography, and their localisation in relation to the muscle surface (which is variable for different types of MUs) influence these MMG phenomena.

title: Mechanomyograms recorded during evoked contractions of single motor units in the XXXX medial gastrocnemius muscle.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate which factors affecting changes in postoperative renal function after conducting radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. METHODS: Data on @entity1 who underwent operations for @entity1358 between 2000 and 2010 at multiple institutions were collected. @entity1 characteristics including preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) were investigated, and types of surgery and postoperative results were evaluated. @entity177 was defined as an EGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to investigate which factors were associated with @entity740 after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 2,454 @entity1 were included for evaluation; 1,502 @entity1 underwent radical nephrectomy, whereas 952 @entity1 underwent partial nephrectomy. The mean follow-up period was 44.48    27.04 months (range, 12-120 months). Factors affecting EGFR were age, @entity6 , @entity101 , surgical procedure, and preoperative @entity1011 level (p < 0.001). Factors affecting postoperative @entity177 were age, surgical procedure, serum @entity1011 level, and EGFR. CONCLUSION: The risk for developing post-nephrectomy @entity177 in @entity1 who underwent radical nephrectomy was higher than those who underwent partial nephrectomy. Factors affecting post-nephrectomy @entity177 were age, preoperative serum @entity1011 level, and preoperative EGFR. In addition to radical nephrectomy, @entity1 >58 years with a preoperative serum @entity1011 >1.03 mg/ml, and EGFR <73 ml/min/1.73 m(2) had a higher probability of developing post-nephrectomy @entity740 .

title: Predictive factors for the development of XXXX after renal surgery: a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal insufficiency', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']


abstract: The traditional approach to @entity1 with @entity1204 is preoperative @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) followed by surgery. Currently, many @entity1 are treated with primary surgery and postoperative @entity1161 . We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 44 stage II (32 IIA, 12 IIB) @entity1 who underwent surgery and postoperative @entity1161 . Nine (20%) had microscopic cervical involvement noted before surgery, and 35 (80%) had occult involvement noted postoperatively. @entity86 consisted of whole pelvic @entity1161 (WPRT) (50%), vaginal brachytherapy (VB) (18%), or both (32%). At a median follow-up of 40 months, the 5-year actuarial disease-free survival was 72.4%. Two @entity1 (4%) had recurrence in the pelvis (one vagina, one lateral pelvis). Eighteen stage IIA @entity1 treated with WPRT alone and eight stage IIA @entity1 , without deep @entity3 ( @entity3 ), were treated with VB alone, and remained controlled in the pelvis. Extrapelvic recurrences occurred in 12 @entity1 (25%), primarily in those with deep @entity3 and/or grade 2-3 disease. Our results suggest that @entity1 with @entity1204 with microscopic or occult cervical involvement treated with surgery and postoperative @entity1161 have a favorable outcome. A high rate of pelvic control is achieved with @entity1161 tailored to the pathologic findings.

title: Surgery and postoperative XXXX in @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['stage II endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative RT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion', 'MI']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the efficacy and safety of a new gel formulation @entity3748 0.5% in the treatment of @entity32 and @entity158 after @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Seventeen United States clinical sites. DESIGN: Prospective double-masked parallel-group study. METHODS: @entity1 with anterior chamber cell (ACC) grade 2 or higher after @entity231 surgery were randomized to @entity3748 0.5% gel or vehicle 4 times a day for 14 days. Primary outcome measures included the proportion of @entity1 with complete resolution of ACC and grade 0 (no) @entity158 on postoperative day 8. Safety measures included adverse events, intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, biomicroscopy and funduscopy findings, and tolerability (ocular symptoms and drop comfort). RESULTS: The intent-to-treat population included 406 @entity1 (203 per treatment). On day 8, 30.5% of @entity1 in the @entity3748 group and 16.3% of @entity1 in the vehicle group had complete resolution of ACC, whereas 72.9% and 41.9%, respectively, had grade 0 @entity158 (both P<.001). Significant treatment differences for complete resolution of ACC and grade 0 @entity158 favoring @entity3748 were also found on day 15 and day 18. One @entity1 in each treatment group had a significant increase in IOP (>=  10 mm Hg). Analyses of @entity158 , @entity3917 , and @entity937 favored @entity3748 at different time points beginning on day 3. More than 85% of @entity1 in each treatment group reported no discomfort on drop instillation. CONCLUSION: @entity3748 gel 0.5% was efficacious and safe in treating @entity86 and @entity158 . FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Dr. Rajpal is a consultant to Bausch _ Lomb, Inc., Allergan, Inc., and Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Dr. Siou-Mermet and Ms. Erb are employees of Bausch _ Lomb, Inc. Dr. Roel has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity3748 0.5% gel in the treatment of @entity32 and @entity158 after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity3748 :: ('MESH:C063378', 'Chemical') :: ['loteprednol etabonate', 'Loteprednol etabonate']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Previous studies have found that intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) contain virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that increase dramatically during the course of @entity778 . In the present study, the T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta pattern used by IEL against @entity7697 was investigated both in conventional and in germfree @entity19 . IEL were isolated by a modified rapid method, and their expression of 13 TCR V betas was examined by flow cytometric analysis. The virus-specific CTL activity of each TCR V beta subset was assessed by subtraction with coated Dyna beads by a nonradioactive assay. There was a preferential perturbation of TCR V betas following virus challenge, including increases in cells expressing V beta7, -12, -14, and -17 in conventional @entity19 and V @entity8042 , -12, and -17 in germfree @entity19 . In conventionally reared @entity19 , IEL maintained and restimulated in culture had a preferential use of TCR V beta9, -12, and -17. TCR V @entity8042 subfamilies were found amplified in all conditions. Furthermore, TCR V beta12 and -17 accounted for 37 and 77% of the virus-specific CTL activity, respectively, after in vitro restimulation. This study provides evidence that virus-specific CTL activity may be due to the oligoclonal expansion of TCR V beta subfamilies in IEL. Our findings suggest that in vivo infection selectively presents few T-cell epitopes and that the correct identification of these T-cell epitopes would increase the likelihood of success when designing subunit vaccines.

title: Predominant T-cell receptor Vbeta usage of intraepithelial lymphocytes during the immune response to enteric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity7697 :: ('MESH:D012088', 'Disease') :: ['reovirus enteric infection']

answer: @entity7697 :: (MESH:D012088,Disease) :: ['reovirus infection']