abstract: BACKGROUND: The nephrotoxity of calcineurin inhibitors in lung-transplanted @entity1 is well described, but previous studies have estimated rather than directly measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study describes the decline of measured GFR in a large cohort of lung-transplanted @entity1 from a national centre, and the correlation between measured and calculated GFR. METHODS: All lung-transplanted @entity1 1992-2004 (n = 390) were included in a longitudinal analysis. Seven @entity1 were excluded due to retransplantation. Pre- and post-transplant parameters included (51)Cr-labelled @entity1098 clearance (mGFR) and the Cockcroft-Gault calculated clearance (cGFR). Trough @entity205 levels (C0) and demographic and transplant information were also included in the analysis. RESULTS: A total of 66959 C0 and serum @entity1011 and 1945 mGFR measurements pertaining to 383 @entity1 were included in the analysis. Pre-transplant mGFR was significantly lower with respect to recipient age over 60 years; and @entity1 with a referral diagnosis of @entity120 had a lower mGFR and higher baseline serum @entity1011 levels than @entity1 with @entity66 (P < 0.05). There were linear correlations between log(10) mean interval serum @entity1011 and log(2) mGFR at all time points pre- and post-transplantation (P < 0.0001, Spearman correlation coefficient = -0.81) and between log(2) cGFR and log(2) mGFR (P < 0.0001, Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.81), however, the agreement between mGFR and cGFR was poor (-2.7 +/- 38.6 ml/min). A simplified repeated measure ANOVA model describing post-transplant GFR over time demonstrated a 54% decline in mGFR within the first 6 months post-transplant. Pre-transplant mGFR was an important determinant of 6 month post-transplantation mGFR. Increasing mean C0, body mass index and early @entity810 were independent risk factors for a more rapid decline in post-transplant mGFR. CONCLUSION: mGFR decreases dramatically during the first 6 months after lung-transplantation. Avoidance of high dose calcineurin inhibition may postpone the onset of post-transplant @entity454 .

title: Decline in 51Cr-labelled XXXX measured glomerular filtration rate following lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous disease']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1098 :: (MESH:D004492,Chemical) :: ['EDTA']


abstract: Twenty-one medication-free chronic @entity161 were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: 50% blockade of the bromocriptine @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) response, 100% blockade or 10 ng/ml @entity1767 . Only seven of the 21 @entity1 showed a significant improvement after 6 weeks in positive @entity716 symptoms; six of the seven responders came from the 50 and 100% blockade groups, suggesting greater efficacy at lower doses. Fifty percent blockade was associated with an average daily @entity1767 dose of 3.2 mg and plasma @entity1767 levels below the limit of detection (< 1 ng/ml). 100% blockade was associated with a daily dose of 6.5 mg and a plasma @entity1767 level of 1 ng/ml. Negative symptoms significantly improved in only four of the 21 @entity1 , and three of these @entity1 were from the 100% blockade group. Twenty-nine @entity1 currently receiving 20 mg/day @entity1767 were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: placebo, 100% blockade of the @entity2124 response and 10 ng/ml. @entity1 in the placebo group showed significant deterioration along both the positive and negative symptom dimensions. There were no significant symptom differences between the 100% blockade and the 10 ng/ml groups. The @entity1 in the 100% blockade group had on average a daily dose reduction from 20 to 11 mg/day and a 65% reduction in the plasma @entity1767 level. There was a 70% difference in the average daily dose for 100% blockade between the two study arms. The higher daily dose in the dose-reduction arm may reflect receptor up-regulation and/or other "tolerance'-like mechanisms associated with chronic neuroleptic administration.

title: The Dose Reduction in XXXX (DORIS) Study: a final report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenics']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided cryoablation has been investigated in open MRI systems with low magnetic fields (0.2-0.5 T). More advanced imaging techniques and faster imaging rates are possible at higher magnetic fields, which often require a closed-bore magnet design. However, there is very little experience with real-time interventions in closed-bore 1.5-T MRI units. Herein, we report our initial experience with real-time MRI-guided cryoablation of small @entity703 using a prototype balanced steady-state free precession imaging sequence in a closed-bore 1.5-T MRI system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2008 to April 2012, 18 @entity1 underwent MRI-guided cryoablation of small @entity703 . A 1.5-T cylindrical MRI scanner with a 125 cm   70 cm bore and a prototype balanced steady-state free precession sequence (BEAT interactive real-time tip tracking) were used to guide the placement of 17-gauge cryoprobes in real time. Ice ball formation was monitored every 3 minutes in 1 or more imaging planes. Each ablation consisted of 2 freeze-thaw cycles. Contrast-enhanced MRI was performed after the second active thaw period. Follow-up consisted of clinical evaluation and renal protocol computed tomography (CT) or MRI performed at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and annually thereafter. RESULTS: During the study period, we successfully ablated 18 @entity5 in 18 @entity1 in 18 sessions. The mean @entity5 size was 2.2 cm (median, 2 cm; range, 1.2-4.4 cm). The number of cryoprobes used per @entity1 was determined based on @entity5 size. The mean number of cryoprobes used per @entity1 was 3 (median, 3 cryoprobes; range, 2-4 cryoprobes). Fifty-six cryoprobes, 9 biopsy needles, and 2 hydrodissection needles were successfully placed under real-time MRI guidance using BEAT interactive real-time tip tracking sequence. Hydrodissection under MRI guidance was successfully performed in 4 @entity1 . In each @entity1 , contrast-enhanced MRI performed after the second active thaw period revealed a sharply defined avascular zone surrounding the @entity5 , which confirmed complete ablation of the @entity5 with adequate margins. Although contrast @entity2172 slowly accumulated in the @entity5 in 9 @entity1 immediately after the procedure, follow-up imaging studies performed at a mean of 16.7 months revealed no contrast enhancement within the ablation zone in these @entity1 . Disease-specific, metastasis-free, and local recurrence-free survival rates were all 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time placement and manipulation of cryoprobes during MRI-guided cryoablation of small @entity703 in a closed-bore, high-magnetic field scanner are feasible. Technical and clinical success rates are similar to those of @entity1 who undergo CT-guided radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation of small @entity703 . Our findings suggest that MRI-guided ablation has several advantages over CT-guided ablation, including real-time guidance for probe placement, multiplanar imaging, exquisite soft tissue contrast, and lack of ionizing radiation.

title: Real-time magnetic resonance imaging-guided cryoablation of small XXXX at 1.5 T.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'targeted tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although endoscopic injection therapy using various agents has been considered the least expensive and most effective technique in obtaining hemostasis in peptic @entity1066 , most of these agents induce tissue @entity39 or degeneration. Theoretically the injection of fibrin glue (FG) to halt peptic @entity1066 may be safer than the use of other agents, but randomized clinical trials to compare the efficacy of FG and other agents are rare. The aim of this study was to compare the hemostatic efficacy between FG and hypertonic saline- @entity1425 (HSE) in peptic @entity1066 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From March 1992 to December 1993 we conducted a prospective randomized trial in 127 @entity1 with peptic @entity1066 , in whom a visible vessel or active @entity548 was identified. @entity1 were randomized into two groups, an FG group comprising 64 @entity1 who received FG injections, and an HSE group, comprising 63 @entity1 who received HSE injections. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, @entity548 focus and @entity548 stigma. Permanent hemostasis using only endoscopic treatment was achieved in 59 cases (92.2 %) in the FG group and in 54 cases (85.7 %) in the HSE group. Rebleeding occurred in seven cases (10.9%) in the FG group and in 14 cases (22.2%) in the HSE group (P=0.087); emergency surgery was undertaken in four (6.3%) and seven cases (11.1%), respectively (P = 0.33); @entity204 occurred in one case (1.6%) and four cases (6.3%), respectively (P = 0.165). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that endoscopic injection of FG is an effective method in the control of peptic @entity1066 . However, even though there is a strong trend supporting the hypothesis that fibrin glue is superior to HSE, no statistically significant differences are noted. A trial involving larger numbers may produce a positive result.

title: Comparison of the hemostatic effect of endoscopic injection with fibrin glue and hypertonic saline- @entity1425 for peptic XXXX : a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer bleeding']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer bleeding']


abstract: Chemotherapeutic drugs are cytotoxic by induction of apoptosis in drug-sensitive cells. We investigated the mechanism of @entity1732 -induced @entity137 in @entity157 cells. At concentrations present in the sera of @entity1 during therapy, @entity1732 induced transient accumulation of nuclear wild-type (wt) @entity876 and upregulated expression of cell surface @entity1197 ( @entity1197 in @entity157 cells carrying wt @entity876 (HepG2). @entity1732 did not increase @entity1197 in @entity157 cells with mutated @entity876 ( @entity5959 ) or in @entity157 cells which were @entity876 -/- (Hep3B). In addition, sensitivity towards @entity1197 -mediated apoptosis was also increased in wt @entity876 positive HepG2 cells. Microinjection of wt @entity876 cDNA into HepG2 cells had the same effect. In contrast, @entity1732 did not enhance susceptibility towards @entity1197 -mediated apoptosis in @entity5959 and in Hep3B cells. Furthermore, @entity1732 treatment of HepG2 cells increased @entity12 ( @entity12 ) mRNA expression. Most notably, @entity1732 -induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells was almost completely inhibited by antibodies which interfere with @entity1197 receptor/ligand interaction. These data suggest that apoptosis induced by @entity1732 is mediated, at least in part, by @entity876 -dependent stimulation of the @entity1197 receptor/ligand system. The same applies to other anti- @entity5 drugs such as @entity900 and @entity1499 . These data may have major consequences for drug treatment of @entity5 and the explanation of drug sensitivity and resistance.

title: Drug-induced apoptosis in @entity157 cells is mediated by the @entity1197 ( @entity1197 /ligand system and involves activation of wild-type XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: The degree and range of differentiation of the cells referred to as myoepithelial-like in @entity5123 and the @entity5 cells of @entity20027 are not definitely established. This type of information is critical for establishing reliable diagnostic criteria, such as expression of muscle-specific actin and ultrastructural identification of myofilaments, in these and other @entity5 . @entity5123 (18) and @entity20027 (5), of which 10 cases were fixed only in @entity406 and 13 cases where tissues were fixed in both @entity406 and @entity1042 / @entity1543 , were studied. Each @entity5 and normal accompanying parotid was immunostained with two monoclonal antibodies for smooth muscle actin, HHF35 and @entity46574 . Staining of myoepithelial cells was absent in certain samples of normal gland with both HHF35 (15%) and @entity46574 (69%) when @entity406 -fixed tissue was used. Using @entity406 -fixed tissue from 15 @entity5123 / @entity20027 , 2 (14%) had focal positivity with HHF35, while 8 cases (57%) were positive with @entity46574 . However, a certain degree of false positivity was suspected since in samples of normal parotid, both acinar and duct cells were frequently stained, particularly with @entity46574 . With @entity1042 / @entity1543 -fixed tissue only 4 of 13 cases (31%) were positive with either @entity46574 or HHF35 and 2 of these only had a minor proportion of the @entity5 cells expressing muscle-specific actin. Using @entity167 -fixed tissue, myoepithelial cells were strongly stained in all examples of normal parotid gland with both anti-actin antibodies. In 5 cases examined by electron microscopy, there was no apparent correlation between immunohistochemical results and the presence or absence of cytoplasmic filament accumulation. The results indicate considerable @entity5 cell heterogeneity in muscle-specific actin expression and suggest that non-luminal cells in @entity5123 and the @entity5 cells in @entity20027 may differentiate as classical myoepithelial cells, as partially differentiated (i.e. modified myoepithelial cells) or as the counterpart of basal cells present in the intra- and interlobular ducts of normal salivary gland.

title: Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural correlates of muscle-actin expression in XXXX and @entity20027 based on comparison of @entity406 and @entity1042 fixation.

entities_list: @entity20027 :: ('MESH:D009208', 'Disease') :: ['myoepitheliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['Pleomorphic adenomas', 'pleomorphic adenomas']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic adenomas']


abstract: The spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) has been well established as a suitable model for studies of @entity101 , but little is known about the processes of left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 and the changes in cardiac function in this model. The present study was designed to provide a noninvasive evaluation of the time-dependent alteration of cardiac function in male SHR at 4 to 24 weeks of age and age-matched @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). Echocardiographic studies were performed after blood pressure (BP) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) were measured by a tail-cuff method. The body weight (BW) of SHR was lighter than that of WKY at all ages, and @entity299 was consistently lower, with significantly elevated systolic BP from 4 weeks of age. In the echocardiographic study, LV mass at 4 weeks of age was similar between WKY and SHR, although the ratio of LV mass to BW was higher in SHR than WKY. The ejection fraction, fractional shortening (FS) and midwall FS did not differ between the two groups at 4 weeks, but after 8 weeks, these parameters were decreased in the SHR. The deceleration time was prolonged in SHR after 16 weeks and the E/A ratio was lowered at 12 weeks. We also analyzed the expression levels of calcineurin, which were found to be increased in both groups with age. These results suggest that calcineurin does not play a major role in the development of @entity4346 . Thus, in SHR, @entity1283 develops by 4 weeks of age, and systolic and @entity67 is evident at 2 to 3 months.

title: Noninvasive evaluation of the time course of change in cardiac function in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 by echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HR', 'heart rate']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: AIM: To determine the role of @entity1082 ) in the pathogenesis of primary @entity957 (SCCVa), and to evaluate its clinicopathological significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: All cases of SCCVa diagnosed over a 15-year period from two hospitals in Barcelona, Spain (n=32) were retrieved. @entity1 with a history of @entity189 of the cervix diagnosed <5 years before were excluded. HPV was detected and typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using SPF10 primers. Immunohistochemistry was performed for @entity986 and @entity876 . HPV was detected in 25 cases (78.1%). @entity1799 was the most prevalent type. @entity1 with @entity5 were associated frequently with a history of @entity189 or @entity5436 or vulva diagnosed more than 5 years before (56% versus 0%; P=0.01). @entity5 were more frequently of non-keratinizing, basaloid or warty type than @entity5 (84% versus 14.3%; P<0.001), and showed diffuse positive immunoreactivity for @entity986 ( @entity986 ) (96%, versus 14.3%; P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of @entity986 to identify @entity5 were 96% and 85.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A high number of SCCVs are related to @entity1083 and may be identified by immunohistochemistry for @entity986 . @entity5 tend to affect @entity1 with history of cervical @entity5 .

title: @entity957 : @entity1082 detection, @entity986 ( XXXX ) overexpression and clinicopathological correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-negative neoplasms', 'HPV-positive tumours', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['INK4A']


abstract: For @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ), daily plasma exchange (TPE) is typically discontinued when the platelet count normalizes (>150 x 10(9)/L). We observed a decline in platelet count during TPE and in @entity1 who appeared pseudo-refractory because of a platelet count plateau (100-150 10(9)/L range). In the present study, we evaluated platelet count trends in @entity2106 @entity1 . Retrospective review of @entity2106 @entity1 from 01/1999 to 12/2004 was completed. @entity1 were categorized based on platelet count trends: Group I, counts rose then decreased to levels <100 x 10(9)/L; Group II, counts declined following TPE initiation; Group III, counts rose continuously; Group IV, counts decreased after the count was >100 x 10(9)/L. Additionally, we identified pseudo-refractory @entity1 caused by a platelet count plateau (>100 x 10(9)/L but <150 x 10(9)/L). We identified 60 @entity2106 @entity1 . Within Group I (17 @entity1 /17 series/19.1% of total), the mean decrease in platelet count was 67.3% +/- 22.1% following initial rise. Within Group II (24 @entity1 /25 series/28.1% of total), the mean decrease was 28% +/- 5.3% following presentation. Group III included 31 @entity1 /39 series (43.8% of the total). Within Group IV (seven @entity1 /eight series/9.0% of total), the mean decrease was 17.4% +/- 12.6% following a sustained rise >100 x 10(9)/L. With a declining platelet count and daily TPE, it is generally sufficient to stay the course and the decline will reverse. Our limited experience with pseudo-refractory @entity1 supports discontinuing TPE when counts plateau between 100 and 150 x 10(9)/L when a therapy goal is a platelet count of 150 x 10(9)/L. Recognition of this pseudo-refractory state can minimize the risks of prolonged TPE and the risks of adjunct interventions.

title: Patterns of platelet response in idiopathic XXXX /HUS: frequency of declining platelet counts with plasma exchange and the recognition and significance of a pseudo refractory state.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['TTP']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to: 1) assess @entity177 ( @entity177 ), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and failure pattern after salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) who fail chemotherapy (CT); 2) identify @entity1 suitable for SRT as an alternative to more aggressive salvage regimens. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1978 and 1992, 52 @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity978 following 26 CT received SRT at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute. @entity1 characteristics at diagnosis were: median age (range 12-63); male-31, female-21; Stage @entity55630 , III-25, or IV-7. Prior to SRT 27 @entity1 had received the equivalent of both MOPP and ABV(D). The duration of initial complete response (CR) from CT was greater than 12 months in 22 @entity1 . SRT (dose 34-42 Gy) was given to active disease sites. RESULTS: Five-year @entity177 and @entity1349 rates following SRT were 26 and 57%, respectively. Five-year @entity177 and @entity1349 rates of 36 and 75%, respectively, were achieved in @entity1 who relapsed in supradiaphragmatic nodal sites without B symptoms; in a subset of @entity1 with initial Stage I-II disease the @entity177 and @entity1349 rates were 50 and 86%, respectively. On multivariate analysis significant factors for @entity177 were B symptoms at the time of SRT (p = 0.003), extranodal involvement (p = 0.011) and histology (p = 0.018). For @entity1349 significant factors were B symptoms (p = 0.0007), age (p = 0.014) and number of prior CT regimens (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The relatively poor results of SRT in terms of @entity177 justify the use of alternative salvage strategies for most @entity1 with @entity978 who fail CT. However, SRT offers a low morbidity, potentially curative option for a subset of @entity1 . Our data suggest that @entity1 most suitable for SRT are those with relapse in supradiaphragmatic nodal sites and no B symptoms.

title: Salvage radiotherapy for XXXX following chemotherapy failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FFS', 'failure-free survival']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: A 22-year-old second gravida presented to the antenatal clinic at 28 weeks of gestation with frequent fainting attacks (2-3 episodes/day), palpitations and @entity1353 (New York Heart Association Functional Classification II). Her pulse rate was 40 b.p.m. A 12-lead electrocardiogram and 24-h Holter revealed complete @entity616 . A transvenous permanent pacemaker (ventricular demand rate-responsive), paced at a rate of 60 pulses/min, was successfully implanted. A multidisciplinary approach was taken and the @entity1 delivered a healthy baby @entity1 of 2.8 kg at 38 weeks. She remained asymptomatic and was discharged in @entity558 . Management varies from expectant management to temporary pacemaker insertion to permanent pacing during pregnancy. In a young @entity1 with sinus @entity1168 , the primary criterion for a pacemaker is the concurrent observation of a symptom (e.g., @entity1163 ) with @entity1168 (e.g., heart rate 35-40 b.p.m. or @entity1167 for 3 s). Symptomatic pregnant @entity1 should always be counseled for a permanent pacemaker.

title: Management of complete XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['heart block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause, characterized by @entity6592 and @entity1511 . @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), a widely used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), is effective for @entity309 ( @entity309 ), and so might work for @entity1691 . This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2004, and previously updated in 2006. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefits and harms of @entity1500 for treating @entity1691 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library Issue 6, 2012), MEDLINE (2005 to June 25, 2012), EMBASE (2005 to June 25, 2012), Ovid MEDLINE Scopus, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and the reference sections of retrieved articles. Trials published in any language were acceptable. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) and quasi-randomized controlled trials (qRCTs) examining the benefits and harms of @entity1500 versus placebo, other medication, or no medication for treatment of @entity1691 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We resolved any disagreements through discussions with a third review author. In the absence of significant heterogeneity, we combined results for continuous data using mean difference or standardized mean difference values. We calculated the risk ratio for dichotomous data. MAIN RESULTS: We identified three @entity23 (no additional new studies), which included 116 @entity1 . Of these three trials, one was a 12-month trial that compared naproxen plus @entity1500 with naproxen alone. Also, there were two 24-week trials that compared different doses of @entity1500 with placebo. We included the outcomes of response, physical function, @entity158 , spinal mobility, @entity158 , @entity4 and tenderness, changes in spine radiographs, and @entity1 and physician global assessment. We judged only one trial to be at low risk of bias. Across these three trials, we did not identify any statistically signi   cant differences favoring @entity1500 treatment over no @entity1500 treatment apart from one exception. The response rate in one trial showed a statistically significant absolute benefit of 36% and a number to treat for benefit (NNT) of three in the @entity1500 group compared to the placebo group (RR 3.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 9.79). This response rate was based on a composite index that included assessments of morning stiffness, physical well-being, Bath @entity1691 activity index (BASDAI), Bath @entity1691 functional index (BASFI), health assessment questionnaire for @entity5145 (HAQ-S), and physician and @entity1 global assessment. We did not identify any outcome that showed a statistically significant difference between the @entity1500 treated and no @entity1500 treatment groups when endpoint results were compared. Furthermore, no serious side effects were reported in any of the included trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to support any benefit of @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity1691 . High-quality @entity23 of larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the effect(s) of @entity1500 on @entity1691 .

title: @entity1499 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'Ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral joints/entheses pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathies']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: Four cases of @entity6962 and @entity5 of the fallopian tube are presented. Each @entity1 presented with @entity548 and a pelvic mass. All underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, staging, and cytoreduction. Disease was limited to the pelvis in two @entity1 , analogous to FIGO @entity43 ; the other two @entity1 had @entity1625 , analogous to FIGO stage III. The @entity5 were intraluminal and papillary. There were equal amounts of @entity189 and @entity242 in three @entity5 ; in one, @entity242 constituted only a small intraluminal focus. The @entity242 was predominantly homologous, with foci of heterologous elements present in three @entity5 . Adjuvant therapy consisted of pelvic radiation in two @entity1 . One @entity1 died of inanition within one year of diagnosis. The other @entity1 , who had the small focus of @entity242 within a stage IIB @entity189 , had an 11-year disease-free interval before retroperitoneal recurrence of @entity189 . Two @entity1 received chemotherapy. A stage IIB @entity1 , after pelvic radiation, received Cytoxan and @entity632 ; she is clinically free of disease after 6 years. A stage III @entity1 lived over 3 years after treatment with multiple agents; she responded to Cytoxan and @entity900 before suffering a systemic relapse and @entity204 .

title: XXXX and @entity5 of the fallopian tube.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage IIB ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['upper abdominal disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'mixed m  llerian tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-platinum']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity6962 :: (MESH:D002296,Disease) :: ['Carcinosarcomas']


abstract: The association between functioning of the @entity2339 and physical performance at older ages remains poorly understood. We carried out meta-analyses to test the hypothesis that dysregulation of the @entity2339 , as indexed by patterns of diurnal @entity701 release, is associated with worse physical performance. Data from six adult cohorts (ages 50-92 years) were included in a two stage meta-analysis of individual @entity1 data. We analysed each study separately using linear and logistic regression models and then used meta-analytic methods to pool the results. Physical performance outcome measures were walking speed, balance time, chair rise time and grip strength. Exposure measures were morning (serum and salivary) and evening (salivary) @entity701 . Total sample sizes in meta-analyses ranged from n=2146 for associations between morning @entity701 Awakening Response and balance to n=8448 for associations between morning @entity701 and walking speed. A larger diurnal drop was associated with faster walking speed (standardised coefficient per SD increase 0.052, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.029, 0.076, p<0.001; age and gender adjusted) and a quicker chair rise time (standardised coefficient per SD increase -0.075, 95% CI -0.116, -0.034, p<0.001; age and gender adjusted). There was little evidence of associations with balance or grip strength. Greater diurnal decline of the @entity2339 is associated with better physical performance in later life. This may reflect a causal effect of the @entity2339 on performance or that other ageing-related factors are associated with both reduced HPA reactivity and performance.

title: Dysregulation of the @entity2339 and physical performance at older ages: an individual XXXX meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['participant']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity2779 , @entity2643 , or placebo were compared in the treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) of recent onset (duration < or = 48 hours). METHODS: 143 @entity1 (77 @entity1 , mean age 63 +/- 12 years) were studied, of whom 46 received @entity2779 (2 mg/kg over 15 minutes followed by 10 mg/kg over the next 24 hours), 48 received @entity2643 (300 mg intravenously over 1 hour, followed by 20 mg/kg over the next 24 hours, plus 1,800 mg/day orally, in 3 divided doses), and 49 received placebo (the equivalent amount of saline i.v. over 24 hours). @entity6838 was administered to all @entity1 who had not previously received it. RESULTS: Conversion to normal sinus rhythm occurred in 36 of 46 @entity1 (78.2%) receiving @entity2779 , in 40 of 48 @entity1 (83.3%) receiving @entity2643 , and in 27 of the 49 (55.10%) controls (P < 0.02, drug vs placebo, between drugs NS). The mean time to conversion was 2 +/- 3 hours for @entity2779 , 7 +/- 5 hours for @entity2643 , and 13 +/- 9 for placebo (P < 0.05). @entity1 who converted had smaller atria than those who did not (diameter: 42.7 +/- 5 vs 47.2 +/- 7 mm, P < 0.001 for all). Treatment was discontinued in one @entity1 in the @entity2643 group because of an @entity56 and in two @entity1 in the @entity2779 group because of excessive QRS widening. No side effects were observed in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Both drugs tested intravenously were equally effective and safe for the rapid conversion of recent-onset @entity955 to sinus rhythm. However, @entity2779 offered the advantage of more rapid conversion than @entity2643 .

title: Intravenous XXXX versus intravenous @entity2643 in the management of @entity955 of recent onset: a placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity2779 :: (MESH:D011405,Chemical) :: ['propafenone']


abstract: In previous studies we demonstrated that antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) against @entity310 ( @entity7790 [ @entity29817 ]), its binding site the @entity470 ( @entity470 [MR2]), and the anti-apoptosis protein @entity588 (MR4) are efficacious against @entity263 . In recent reports we also describe how two of these mRNA directed binding sites can be synthesized sequentially within a single linear complementary strand and administered either in the presence or absence of additional therapeutic agents. In these continuing experiments "bispecific" oligo pairs were further evaluated in the presence or absence of Cytoxan, @entity1311 , or @entity4743 . One oligo pair recognized the binding sites for @entity7790 and @entity470 mRNA ( @entity7790 / @entity470 [MR12] and @entity470 / @entity7790 [MR21]); another pair recognized binding sites for @entity470 and @entity588 ( @entity470 / @entity588 [MR24] and @entity588 / @entity470 [MR42]). Oligo pairs differ in their linear 5' to 3' binding site orientations, and were tested in vitro against @entity11620 and @entity263 cell lines. Following cell attachment, incubations were for 2 days with the agents followed by 2 days in their absence. When tested against @entity11620 cells and combined with LD50 Cytoxan, MR2, MR4, MR24, MR42 significantly inhibited 47.3, 45.7, 68.3, and 64.9%; with LD50 Taxol MR2, MR4, MR24, MR42 significantly inhibited 49.8, 45.8, 64.1, and 59.2%; and with LD50 DES MR2, MR4, MR24, MR42 significantly inhibited 66.6, 67.6, 64.3, and 67.2% respectively. Each agent significantly increased the inhibition produced by either oligo alone.LNCaP cells were also incubated with mono- and bispecific oligos in either the presence or absence of chemotherapeutics. MR2, MR4, MR24, MR42 produced significant inhibitions of 57.4, 58.4, 69.4, and 68.6% with LD50 Cytoxan; 70.4, 70.1, 73.6, and 74.0% with LD50 Taxol; and 49.8, 50.1, 59.6, and 53.9%, respectively with LD50 DES.A complete @entity11620 experiment compared @entity29817 , MR2, MR4, MR12, MR21, MR24 and MR42, in the presence of LD50 Cytoxan. Each oligo combined with Cytoxan significantly inhibited: @entity29817 by 51.0, MR2 by 55.0, MR4 by 58.0; MR12 by 56.0; MR21 by 61.1, MR24 by 65.5 and MR42 by 66.0%. Bispecifics directed against two different pathways, MR24, and MR42 were the most effective.A complete LNCaP experiment compared the same series of oligos also in the presence of LD50 Cytoxan. Each oligo combined with Cytoxan significantly inhibited: @entity29817 by 49.0, MR2 by 50.0, MR4 by 53.0; MR12 by 52.0; MR21 by 58.6, MR24 by 53.9 and MR42 by 58.0%.

title: Combination chemotherapy employing bispecific antisense oligonucleotides having binding sites directed against an autocrine regulated growth pathway and XXXX for the treatment of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['LNCaP prostate tumor', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: E-peptide of pro-IGF-I was considered as biologically inactive. We have demonstrated that @entity5660 (rt) Ea4-peptide exerted biological activities in several established @entity5 cell lines [Chen et al., 2002; Kuo and Chen, 2002]. Here we report the activity of rtEa4-peptide in promoting attachment of @entity1 @entity0 cells (MDA-MB-231). While rtEa2-, rtEa3-, and rtEa4-peptides enhanced the attachment of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose dependent manner, rtEa4-peptide possessed the highest activity. Antibodies specific to alpha2 and @entity8652 integrins significantly inhibited the attachment of cells to rtEa4-peptide coated-plates by 40%. In addition, rtEa4-peptide induced the expression of @entity8946 and laminin receptor genes in MDA-MB-231 cells. Blocking new protein synthesis by @entity1880 significantly reduced the attachment of MDA-MB-231 cells to rtEa4-peptide coated wells by 50%. These results suggest that rtEa4-peptide may promote cell attachment by interacting with alpha2/ @entity2393 receptors at the cell surface and by inducing the expression of @entity8946 and laminin receptor genes. Expression of @entity8946 gene induced by rtEa4-peptide in MDA-MB-231 cells was abolished by inhibitors of PI3K, PKC, @entity16629 , @entity10886 , and @entity1435 MAPK signaling transduction molecules. These results suggested that induction of @entity8946 gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cells by rtEa4-peptide may be mediated via PI3K, PKC, @entity16629 , @entity10886 , and @entity1435 MAPK signal transduction molecules.

title: Biological activity of XXXX Ea4-peptide of the pro-insulin-like growth factor (pro-IGF)-I on promoting attachment of @entity0 cells (MDA-MB-231) via alpha2- and @entity8652 -integrin.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: Many @entity130 are mistakenly referred to as "accidents" because they occur suddenly and seem unpredictable and uncontrollable; however, @entity130 often occur in predictable patterns. We reviewed all pediatric forensic cases referred to the Medical University of South Carolina Forensic Pathology Section over a 28-year period from January 1975 to December 2002. There were 124 cases with 121 fire-related fatalities and three scald fatalities. Ninety of the burn victims were in the 0-5-year age group. The manner of deaths showed 108 accidents and 12 homicides (four undetermined). Eleven of 12 burn-related homicides occurred at the home with all of the victims in the 1-8-year age group. The perpetrator of the home fire homicides was the mother in five cases and the sister in one case (two undetermined). Homicide involved a vehicle fire in one case in which the father caused an explosion with an accelerant. The three scald @entity204 perpetrators were the father, mother's boyfriend, and an aunt.This retrospective study and review of the literature may reveal patterns useful for evaluation of manner of @entity204 . By recognizing scene characteristics, potential perpetrators, and @entity1 at risk, we can better classify pediatric burn-related fatalities.

title: Pediatric homicides related to XXXX : a retrospective review at the medical university of South Carolina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'burn injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: During the past 10 years, we have performed extended right hemihepatectomy combined with pancreatoduodenectomy (rtHPD) in eight @entity1 with @entity1126 . We compared the results in these @entity1 with those in 43 @entity1126 @entity1 who underwent extrahepatic bile duct resection with more extensive hepatectomy than hemihepatectomy. Our indication for rtHPD is @entity1126 of the diffuse type involving the intrapancreatic bile duct. For @entity1 with @entity3883 , biliary drainage was performed preferentially in the part of the liver to be preserved. Portal vein embolization was performed before extended right hemihepatectomy or left trisectorectomy. Complete external drainage of pancreatic juice followed by second-stage pancreatojejunostomy was performed in five rtHPD @entity1 . There were no @entity1578 . There were four 5-year survivors after rtHPD. There was no significant difference between the cumulative 5-year survival rates after rtHPD (71%) and non-HPD (42%). @entity1 with @entity1126 whose prognosis can be improved only by rtHPD exist and should be treated by rtHPD. However, considering the reported high mortality rate after this procedure, rtHPD should not be performed in an institution where its safety cannot be guaranteed.

title: [Indication and outcome of extended right hemihepatectomy combined with pancreatoduodenectomy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hospital deaths or hepatic failures']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct carcinoma']

answer: @entity1126 :: (MESH:D001650,Disease) :: ['bile duct carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the pattern of cortical degeneration associated with different @entity51 in cases of @entity195 . METHODS: Cases for detailed neuropathologic analysis ( @entity1 1 and 2) were selected because of their detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessments of language dysfunction in @entity195 . @entity1 1 had severe phonologic impairment with relatively preserved semantic aspects of language. @entity1 2 had severe semantic @entity73 with relatively preserved phonologic skills. The tissue volume of cortical regions associated with speech and language function was measured using standardized three-dimensional techniques. Neuronal areal fraction was also measured from histologic tissue samples. The degree of @entity194 and @entity528 was calculated in comparison to control measures (n = 10 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ). Measurements more than 2 SD from controls were considered abnormal. RESULTS: Both @entity195 cases had significant degeneration of the superior temporal gyrus and area 37. Cortical language regions affected only in @entity1 1 included the anterior and posterior insula and part of Broca's area. In contrast, @entity1 2 had a greater degree of degeneration in the temporal gyri and their white matter connections with the hippocampal/entorhinal complex. CONCLUSIONS: Variable patterns of @entity179 underlie the clinical differences observed in @entity1 with @entity195 . Disconnection within the temporal lobe appears associated with semantic language difficulties, whereas disconnection of the anterior and posterior language areas appears associated with phonologic and grammatical impairment.

title: @entity528 associated with phonologic and semantic XXXX in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['language deficits']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['volume atrophy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['language impairments']


abstract: To determine the prevalence of @entity5409 ( @entity5409 ), as reported in adults receiving long-term hemodialysis treatment, we studied 48 pediatric @entity1 (aged 17 +/- 5.1 years) with @entity454 by high-resolution ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging or both. Forty @entity1 (83%) had a functioning renal transplant, with a mean transplant survival time of 3.4 years (range, 0.3 to 14.8 years); four @entity1 were treated by hemodialysis and four by peritoneal dialysis. The mean duration of @entity454 was 5.7 +/- 3.8 years. Ultrasonography detected @entity5409 in 12 (29%) of 42 @entity1 , solitary cysts in 14 @entity1 (33%), and no cysts in 16 @entity1 (38%). In contrast, @entity5409 was diagnosed in only 3 of 37 @entity1 studied by magnetic resonance imaging. In 31 @entity1 studied by both imaging techniques. @entity5409 was diagnosed in three @entity1 by magnetic resonance imaging but in 11 by ultrasonography. In @entity1 with @entity5409 , the duration of @entity454 was significantly longer, but renal (transplant) function was not different from that in @entity1 with solitary cysts or no cysts. One @entity1 with a history of 12 1/2 years of hemodialysis had multiple @entity703 that were diagnosed as @entity1358 after bilateral nephrectomy. These results indicate that young @entity1 with @entity454 should be monitored regularly for the presence of @entity5409 , preferably by ultrasonography, even after successful renal transplantation.

title: XXXX before and after renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['ACKD', 'acquired cystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity5409 :: (MESH:D052177,Disease) :: ['Acquired cystic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preoperative core biopsy in @entity0 is becoming the standard of care. The aim of this study was to analyze the various methods of core biopsy with respect to diagnostic accuracy and to examine the management and outcome of those @entity1 with false-negative biopsies. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing core biopsy for @entity1558 over a 5-year period (1999-2003) were reviewed. The accuracy rates for each method of core biopsy, the histologic agreement between the core pathology and subsequent excision pathology, and the length of follow-up for cases of benign disease were studied. @entity1 whose biopsies were benign but who were subsequently diagnosed with @entity5 underwent detailed review. RESULTS: There were 2427 core biopsies performed over the 5-year period, resulting in a final diagnosis of @entity5 in 1384 @entity1 , benign disease in 954 @entity1 , and @entity66 in 89 @entity1 . Biopsy type consisted of 1279 ultrasound-guided cores, 739 clinically guided cores, and 409 stereotactic-guided cores. The overall false-negative rate was 6.1%, with specific rates for ultrasound-, clinical-, and stereotactic-guided cores of 1.7%, 13%, and 8.9%, respectively. False-negative biopsies occurred in 85 @entity1 , and in 8 of these @entity1 the diagnosis was delayed by greater than 2 months. In all other false-negative cases, "triple assessment" review allowed prompt recognition of discordant biopsy results and further evaluation. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound guidance should be used to perform core biopsies in evaluating all @entity1558 visible on ultrasound. Adherence to principles of triple assessment following biopsy allows for early recognition of the majority of false-negative cases.

title: The accuracy of ultrasound, stereotactic, and clinical core biopsies in the diagnosis of XXXX , with an analysis of false-negative cases.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atypical disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast abnormalities']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The first analysis of our clinical trial on interest of using @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) as adjuvant therapy for stage III (regional lymph nodes) @entity320 was published in 2002 [5]. The aim of this paper is to update clinical results of 7 years of follow-up after the last treated @entity1 . In the trial conducted between December 1993 and January 1999, @entity1 without any detectable @entity3 after lymph node excision were randomly assigned to receive either TIL plus @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) for 2 months, or @entity1199 only. The duration of the relapse-free interval was the primary objective. Eighty-eight @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Currently, the last analysis performed in June 2006, after a median follow-up of 114.8 months, did not show change of non-significant extension of the relapse-free interval or overall survival. However, this second analysis strengthens our first hypothesis about the relationship between number of invaded lymph nodes and TIL treatment effectiveness. In the group with only one invaded lymph node, the estimated relapse rate was significantly lower (P (adjusted) = 0.0219) and the overall survival was increased (P (adjusted) = 0.0125) in the TIL+ @entity1199 arm compared with the @entity1199 only arm. No differences between the two arms, either with regard to the duration of disease-free survival (P (adjusted) = 0.38) or overall survival (P (adjusted) = 0.43), were noted in the group with more than one invaded lymph node, whatever the number of invaded lymph nodes. Treatment was compatible with normal daily activity. This study, with a very long follow up (median of almost 10 years), postulates for the first time relationship between TIL efficiency in @entity9910 (AJCC) and number of invaded lymph nodes, indicating that @entity5 burden might be a crucial factor in the production of an effective in vitro expansion of T cells specific for autologous @entity5 antigen, a finding which could be of value in future vaccine development for the treatment of @entity320 .

title: Long-term follow-up of @entity1 treated by adoptive transfer of @entity320 -infiltrating lymphocytes as adjuvant therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity9910 :: ('MESH:C563985', 'Disease') :: ['stage III melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity9910 :: (MESH:C563985,Disease) :: ['stage III melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the erectile function following transrectal ultrasound-guided saturation biopsies of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 150 @entity1 included in the study, those with persistently elevated @entity1486 level underwent saturation biopsy. A median of 22-core (minimum: 20; maximum: 30) prostate saturation biopsies was taken. @entity1 were evaluated for erectile function prebiopsy with the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the IIEF-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) domain scoring. Concomitant systemic diseases and medications that would interfere with erectile function were recorded. Eighty-eight @entity1 reported to be @entity263 -free underwent further evaluation with the IIEF-5 questionnaire at 1 and 6 mo postbiopsy. Severity of @entity323 ( @entity323 ) was classified into four categories. RESULTS: The patients' ages, serum @entity1486 levels, prostate volumes, and number of cores showed no significant correlation with changes in @entity323 scores after the prostate saturation biopsies. According to the IIEF-5, for @entity1 who were previously potent and found to be free of @entity263 , the @entity323 rates were 11.6% at the first month, and no @entity323 was reported at the sixth month of evaluation. IIEF-5 and IIEF-EF domain scores displayed a statistically significant difference between baseline and first-month scores, but not between baseline and sixth-month scores, which returned to baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: Although saturation biopsy of the prostate is a safe procedure on the basis of erectile function, the minimal risk of temporary postbiopsy @entity323 should be discussed with previously potent @entity1 .

title: Erectile function in XXXX -free @entity1 who underwent prostate saturation biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: 1. Using the whole cell configuration of the patch clamp technique, we studied the potential blocking effects of @entity2287 (1 microM to 1 mM) on @entity972 currents: I(KR), I(KS) and I(K1). The study was performed on @entity840 isolated ventricular myocytes. 2. The background current, I(K1) was insensitive to @entity15311 . Thus, we found that no obvious screening of surface charges was visible with concentrations of @entity15311 up to 100 microM. 3. By use of three different protocols: tail currents fitting, analysis of envelope of tails and electrophysiological dissection, we found that I(KR) was the only component of IK that was sensitive to @entity15311 . The sensitivity was apparently different depending on the protocol used. 4. Comparison of the results obtained with the different protocols revealed that the rapid component of I(KR) is more sensitive to @entity15311 than the slow one. 5. Of the different protocols used to distinguish between I(KR) and I(KS), the electrophysiological dissection seems to be the more accurate.

title: Different effects of XXXX on I(KR), I(KS) and I(K1) in @entity840 isolated ventricular myocytes.

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity14 is increased among @entity1 with @entity31 . The magnitude of this increase in risk and the effects of the length of follow-up, the extent of disease at diagnosis, and age at diagnosis vary substantially in different studies. METHODS: To provide accurate estimates of the risk of @entity14 among @entity1 with @entity31 , we studied a population-based cohort of 3117 @entity1 given a diagnosis of @entity31 from 1922 through 1983 who were followed up through 1984. RESULTS: Ninety-two cases of @entity14 occurred in 91 @entity1 . As compared with the expected incidence, the incidence of @entity14 in the cohort was increased (standardized incidence ratio [ratio of observed to expected cases] = 5.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.6 to 7.0). @entity66 at diagnosis was associated with a lower risk; for @entity1 with @entity1066 , the standardized incidence ratio was 1.7 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.8 to 3.2); for those with left-sided @entity1960 , 2.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 4.4); and for those with pancolitis (extensive @entity1960 , or @entity32 of the entire colon), 14.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 11.4 to 18.9). Age at diagnosis and the extent of disease at diagnosis were strong and independent risk factors for @entity14 . For each increase in age group at diagnosis (less than 15 years, 15 to 29 years, 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, and greater than or equal to 60 years), the relative risk of @entity14 , adjusted for the extent of disease at diagnosis, decreased by about half (adjusted standardized incidence ratio = 0.51; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.56). The absolute risk of @entity14 35 years after diagnosis was 30 percent for @entity1 with pancolitis at diagnosis and 40 percent for those given this diagnosis at less than 15 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Close surveillance and perhaps even prophylactic proctocolectomy should be recommended for @entity1 given a diagnosis of pancolitis, especially those who are less than 15 years of age at diagnosis.

title: XXXX and @entity14 . A population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Less extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity565 is now agreed as being a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Inhaled @entity230 are widely accepted as a preventive medication in @entity748 @entity1 of all ages and severity. However, the optimal use of inhaled @entity230 and the important issue of safety and efficacy still remain of concern, particularly in @entity1 . Recently, @entity5023 (FP) has been developed for use as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of @entity565 . Because of its high topical potency and increased lipophilicity, it is claimed that FP has an improved risk/benefit compared with other inhaled @entity230 . In order to evaluate the use of FP in @entity1 , we have studied the efficacy of high dose FP (500 microg/day) in @entity748 @entity1 . Thirteen @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ), aged 7-17 years (10.8 +/- 2.6), were instructed to use a pressurized metered-dose inhaler connected to a Volumetric spacer. The standard @entity2710 bronchial challenge test was used as a principal outcome parameter. The PD20, a cumulative dose of @entity2710 inducing a 20% decrease in FEV1, was measured pre- and post-treatment with inhaled FP. After 4 weeks of FP, PD20 significantly increased from 21.6 +/- 14.3 inhalation unit to 106.6 +/- 78.5 inhalation unit (4.9 fold, p = 0.004) reflecting the improvement of airway reactivity. All subjects improved clinically. These results demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory action of FP 500 microg a day for four weeks can markedly reduce @entity2488 , the basic physiologic abnormality in @entity565 .

title: @entity5023 and @entity2488 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial asthma', 'asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['childhood asthma']


abstract: @entity1 replication factor C (hRFC) is a multi-subunit protein complex capable of supporting @entity1364 ( @entity1364 )-dependent DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases delta and epsilon. The hRFC complex consists of five different subunits with apparent molecular masses of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kDa. We have previously reported the expression of a three-subunit core complex, consisting of the @entity4666 , @entity13924 , and @entity10784 subunits following coupled in vitro transcription-translation of the cDNAs encoding these proteins (Uhlmann, F., Cai, J., Flores-Rozas, H., Dean, F. B., Finkelstein, J. , O'Donnell, M., and Hurwitz, J. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 6521-6526). Here we describe the isolation of a stable complex composed of the @entity4666 , @entity13924 , and @entity10784 subunits of hRFC from baculovirus-infected insect cells. The purified @entity4666 . @entity13924 . @entity10784 complex, like the five-subunit RFC, contained DNA-dependent ATPase activity that was stimulated by @entity1364 , preferentially bound to primed DNA templates, interacted with @entity1364 , and was capable of unloading @entity1364 from singly-nicked circular DNA. In contrast to the five-subunit RFC, the three-subunit core complex did not load @entity1364 onto DNA. The @entity4666 . @entity13924 . @entity10784 complex inhibited the elongation of primed DNA templates catalyzed by the @entity14824 holoenzyme. Incubation of the @entity4666 . @entity13924 . @entity10784 complex with the hRFC p140 and @entity35266 subunits formed the five-subunit hRFC complex that supported @entity1364 -dependent DNA synthesis by @entity14824 .

title: A complex consisting of @entity1 replication factor C @entity4666 , XXXX , and @entity10784 subunits is a DNA-dependent ATPase and an intermediate in the assembly of the holoenzyme.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity14824 :: ('5424', 'Gene') :: ['DNA polymerase delta']

answer: @entity13924 :: (79023,Gene) :: ['p37']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) osseous morphology in a consecutive sample of Mexican @entity1 with @entity1691 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1691 who attended two secondary care outpatient rheumatology clinics were included in the study. @entity1 had a rheumatological assessment using a structured questionnaire and examination. Recorded variables included demographic data, disease characteristics, @entity1348 symptoms, and axial mobility measurements. Hypocycloidal tomography of the @entity1348 was obtained on all subjects. Radiographic variables included condyle position, superior joint space, range of movement, condylar osseous changes, and temporal osseous changes. @entity1 also underwent standard cervical spine radiography. A control group of normal @entity1 without either @entity1348 symptoms or systemic @entity627 was obtained. RESULTS: 65 subjects were studied (65 right sided and 63 left sided tomograms). The control group consisted of 22 individuals. Both groups were similar in age [33 (SD 11) v 34 (9) years, P = 0.8]. @entity1 with @entity1691 had more variability in @entity1348 mobility than controls (P < 0.05) and showed @entity2198 (P < 0.01), flattening (P < 0.01), @entity1463 (P < 0.01), and temporal flattening (P < 0.01). @entity16176 were associated with longer duration of @entity1691 (P < 0.05), neck complaints (P < 0.05), and @entity9807 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1348 involvement is frequent in this population of @entity1 with @entity1691 and is associated with variables that suggest more severe disease.

title: Temporomandibular joint osseous morphology in a consecutive sample of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['increased frequency of condylar erosions']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity16176 :: ('MESH:C538270', 'Disease') :: ['Condylar erosions']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial subluxation']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: The detection of @entity1358 of undetermined significance (AGUS) has risen recently due to the use of new endocervical canal sampling devices, in particular the cytobrush. From April 1993-June 1994, a diagnosis of AGUS ranging from @entity15709 ( @entity15709 ) to invasive @entity420 was initially made on cervical smears from 6 @entity1 for whom histologic follow-up data were available. The purpose of this study was to determine if benign cervical glandular lesions can be reliably distinguished from @entity420 on cytology. Review of the smears and histologic slides from 3 @entity1 showed @entity1373 on cervical cone specimens. Cervical smears from 2 of these @entity1 showed clusters of small-to-medium-sized cells with nuclei containing coarse, granular chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and engulfment of neutrophils were present, findings suggestive of @entity1204 . The third @entity1 's smear showed clusters of large cells with ample, vacuolated cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei containing prominent nucleoli, findings suggestive of @entity420 . In 3 cases evaluated by cervical conization, histologic slides showed @entity4648 . The cervical smears showed clusters and sheets of cells with round-to-oval-shaped nuclei containing evenly distributed, finely granular chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Pseudoglandular formation was present in 2 cases, a finding suggestive of @entity15709 . Since the cytologic features of @entity1373 and @entity4648 overlap those of @entity420 , a differential diagnosis is prudent on cytologic smears of AGUS.

title: Microglandular endocervical @entity1373 and @entity4648 : pitfalls in the diagnosis of XXXX on cervical smears.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['microglandular endocervical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['atypical glandular cells']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['tubal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['endocervical adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Fetal neocortex or tectum transplanted to the midbrain or cortex of newborn @entity35 develops various degrees of @entity5219 , i.e. increased numbers of @entity1184 , glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes. In addition, there were patches or bundles of myelinated fibres positive for the oligodendrocyte and central myelin marker @entity42400 , and increased levels of extracellular matrix molecules. Three diffusion parameters--extracellular space volume fraction alpha (alpha = extracellular volume/total tissue volume), tortuosity lambda (lambda = square root(D/ADC), where D is the free and ADC is the apparent @entity30715 diffusion coefficient) and non-specific uptake k'--were determined in vivo from extracellular concentration-time profiles of @entity30715 . Grafts were subsequently processed immunohistochemically to compare diffusion measurements with graft morphology. Comparisons were made between the diffusion parameters of host cortex and corpus callosum, fetal cortical or tectal tissue transplanted to host midbrain ("C- and T-grafts") and fetal cortical tissue transplanted to host cortex ("cortex-to-cortex" or C-C-grafts). In host cortex, alpha ranged from 0.20 +/- 0.01 (layer V) to 0.21 +/- 0.01 (layers III, IV and VI) and lambda from 1.59 +/- 0.03 (layer VI) to 1.64 +/- 0.02 (layer III) (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 15). Much higher values were found in "young" C-grafts (81-150 days post-transplantation), where alpha = 0.34 +/- 0.01 and lambda = 1.78 +/- 0.03 (n = 13), as well as in T-grafts, where alpha = 0.29 +/- 0.02 and lambda = 1.85 +/- 0.04 (n = 7). Further analysis revealed that diffusion in grafts was anisotropic and more hindered than in host cortex. The heterogeneity of diffusion parameters correlated with the structural heterogeneity of the neuropil, with the highest values of alpha in gray matter and the highest values of lambda in white matter bundles. Compared to "young" C-grafts, in "old" C-grafts (one year post-transplantation) both alpha and lambda were significantly lower, and there was a clear decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity throughout the grafted tissue. In C-C-grafts, alpha and lambda varied with the degree of graft incorporation into host tissue, but on average they were significantly lower (alpha = 0.24 +/- 0.01 and lambda = 1.66 +/- 0.02, n = 8) than in young C- and T-grafts. Well-incorporated grafts revealed less astrogliosis, and alpha and lambda values were not significantly higher than those in normal host cortex. The observed changes in extracellular space diffusion parameters could affect the movement and accumulation of neuroactive substances and thus impact upon neuron-glia communication, synaptic and extrasynaptic transmission in the grafts. The potential relevance of these observations to @entity1 neuropathological conditions associated with acute or chronic astrogliosis is considered.

title: Astrocytes, oligodendroglia, extracellular space volume and geometry in XXXX fetal brain grafts.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity30715 :: ('MESH:C027917', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylammonium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the most prevalent form of @entity303 and affects approximately 24 million @entity1 worldwide. One possible approach for the treatment of this disease is the restoration of the level of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) through the inhibition of @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) with reversible inhibitors. Naturally occurring alkaloids are an important source of @entity10810 inhibitors. @entity11545 and @entity31666 have been used for the clinical treatment of @entity195 @entity1 . In this review, we summarise the natural products and their derivatives that were reported to act as @entity10810 inhibitors for the treatment of @entity195 in 2010-2013. Several characteristics were summarised from the literature results: 1) Amongst all of the natural products with @entity10810 inhibitory activity, alkaloids appear to be the most promising compound class. 2) @entity6397 , @entity3088 , @entity51893 , and other natural products are also important @entity10810 inhibitors from natural products. Among these inhibitors, 146 (IC50 = 0.573   M) was identified as the most potent @entity10810 inhibitor. 3) A @entity1524 derivative (117, IC50 = 0.11 nM) exhibited more than 100-fold superior activity compared with the reference drug @entity8124 (IC50 = 14 nM). In conclusion, natural products and their derivatives are promising leads for the development of new drugs for the future treatment of @entity195 .

title: Natural products as sources of new lead compounds for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity51893 :: ('MESH:D013267', 'Chemical') :: ['stilbenes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity11545 :: ('MESH:D005702', 'Chemical') :: ['Galantamine']

entities_list: @entity6397 :: ('MESH:D003374', 'Chemical') :: ['Coumarins']

entities_list: @entity31666 :: ('MESH:C050426', 'Chemical') :: ['huperzine A']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: AIM: On 6 April 2009, at 3:32 GMT, central Italy was struck by a 6.3-magnitude earthquake with its epicentre near L'Aquila, the capital city of the Abruzzo region. Earthquakes may precipitate @entity146 symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive functioning and positive and negative symptoms before and after the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake in @entity1 with @entity716 ( @entity716 ) and @entity161 ( @entity161 ). METHODS: A total of 54 @entity716 @entity1 (34 males and 20 females) and 63 @entity161 @entity1 (39 males and 24 females) were investigated. Psychometric scores were submitted to a 2   2 mixed analysis of variance, with group ( @entity716 and @entity161 ) as the between-subjects variable and time (pre- and post-earthquake) as the within-subjects variable. RESULTS: Positive symptoms increased significantly from the pre- to the post-earthquake assessment in @entity716 @entity1 but not in those with @entity161 . There were no significant differences between the pre- and post-earthquake period in terms of negative symptoms in both groups. Compared with the pre-earthquake assessment, @entity716 @entity1 scored significantly worse at the post-earthquake evaluation in terms of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test categories achieved, immediate verbal memory and delayed verbal memory. However, there were no significant differences in cognitive scores between the pre- and post-earthquake periods in @entity1 with @entity161 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a disastrous earthquake has a negative impact on cognitive functioning and positive symptoms in @entity716 @entity1 , but not in those with @entity161 .

title: Cognitive function and clinical symptoms in @entity716 and XXXX before and after the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'chronic schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['FEP', 'first-episode psychosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['chronic schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The plasma @entity755 (apo B) concentrations have been considered to be a more accurate representation of atherogenic particles and it has been proposed that the formula @entity11429 (mmol/L) = 0.41TC - 0.32TG + 1.70apo B - 0.27 is reliable for the estimation of @entity11429 (Clin Chem 1997; 43: 808-15). We undertook the present study to investigate the reliability of this formula in a large number of hyperlipidemic @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: 1) The Friedewald formula (LDL-F) and the apo B-based formula ( @entity34893 ) were compared with the beta-quantification reference procedure in 130 individuals with a wide range of total @entity165 (TC) and @entity412 (TG) levels, and 2) the @entity11429 levels obtained by the Friedewald formula were compared with those calculated by the apo B-based formula in 1010 individuals attending our outpatient lipid clinic. RESULTS: The LDL-F and the @entity34893 formulae for @entity11429 estimation were found to be in good agreement with the beta-quantification (r = 0.96 and 0.97, respectively). The bias of each method plotted as a function of TG (up to 4.52 mmol/L) was found positive for the LDL-F, whereas the @entity34893 was independent of the concentrations of TG. When a large number of individuals were examined, a good correlation between the two equations was found (n = 1010, r = 0.98). The difference between the two methods was not correlated with serum TG levels. However, it was correlated to serum TC, and apo B levels. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity34893 formula is a more reliable and accurate method than the LDL-F formula, especially at TG levels >2.26 mmol/L, although it underestimates @entity11429 concentrations. Furthermore, this equation can be used in @entity6308 @entity1 (TG >4.52 mmol/L) in whom the Friedewald equation is inaccurate.

title: Estimation of LDL XXXX based on the Friedewald formula and on apo B levels.

entities_list: @entity6308 :: ('MESH:D064250', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sensitivity for detecting subclinical @entity603 of different reduced joint ultrasound (US) assessment models as compared with a comprehensive US assessment in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 in clinical remission. METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity309 @entity1 (50 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) in clinical remission as judged by their consultant rheumatologist and treated with @entity1499 were prospectively recruited. @entity1 were evaluated for disease activity according to the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) and the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) by the same investigator. Each @entity1 underwent a 44-joint B-mode and power Doppler (PD) assessment by a rheumatologist blinded to the clinical and laboratory data. B-mode @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ) and synovial PD signal were scored from 0-3 at each joint. Global indices for @entity1184 and PD signal were calculated for the 44-joint and different joint combination models for each @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1184 was detected in 87.8% of @entity1 with a DAS28 <2.6 and in 81.8% of @entity1 with an SDAI <3.3. Synovial PD signal was detected in 46.3% of @entity1 with a DAS28 <2.6 and in 36.4% of @entity1 with an SDAI <3.3. Wrist, second through fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP), ankle, and second through fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and 12-joint US assessments showed the highest correlations with the comprehensive US assessment. The wrist, MCP, ankle, and MTP joint US assessment showed the highest sensitivity for detecting @entity1184 and synovial PD signal in @entity1 in remission according to the DAS28 and SDAI as compared to the comprehensive US assessment. CONCLUSION: US assessment of the wrist, MCP, ankle, and MTP joints can be highly sensitive for detecting residual B-mode and @entity32 in @entity309 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in @entity309 in clinical remission: how many and which joints should be assessed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Doppler joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['SH', 'synovial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Ultrasound joint inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine an optimal MR imaging technique and pulse sequence for evaluating mural and serosal disease of the gastrointestinal tract, we administered 2% oral @entity6680 and obtained fat-suppressed @entity2287 -enhanced breath-hold fast multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled (FMPSPGR) MR images. We then compared these images with spin-echo T1-weighted and T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images and with CT images. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with suspected diseases of the gastrointestinal tract were imaged with spin-echo T1-weighted, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, and fat-saturated @entity2287 -enhanced FMPSPGR MR imaging. Before undergoing MR imaging, all @entity1 received 1350 ml of 2% @entity6680 oral contrast media. For CT scans, @entity1 received 120 ml of iodinated i.v. contrast material and 2% @entity6680 oral contrast material. CT and MR images were retrospectively and independently reviewed by two radiologists for ability to see normal bowel wall, for the presence of abnormal gastrointestinal tract mural thickening or enhancement, and for overall gastrointestinal tract visualization. Findings were correlated with surgical findings, endoscopy, and barium studies. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 had benign disease, 16 had @entity344 , and five had no @entity344 . In 94% of @entity1 , the @entity2287 - and barium-enhanced FMPSPGR MR images were superior to CT and spin-echo MR sequences for depicting the wall of the normal bowel (p < .001). For the two observers, the FMPSPGR MR images with i.v. and oral contrast material were seen as revealing 94% and 95% of bowel segments with @entity5 . In comparison, CT revealed 64% and 72% (p < .01 and p < .0001, respectively), fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR images revealed 21% and 28% (p < .0001), and T1-weighted MR images revealed 17% and 18% (p < .0001). The @entity2287 - and barium-enhanced MR images were preferred for overall gastrointestinal tract visualization in 65% of @entity1 compared with 1% for CT scans (p < .001). In 32% of @entity1 , the enhanced MR images were equivalent to CT images. CONCLUSION: MR evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract requires bowel distention with oral contrast material as well as motion reduction techniques, including glucagon and rapid gradient-echo pulses that allow breath-hold imaging. Fat-suppressed @entity2287 -enhanced FMPSPGR MR imaging with diluted barium oral contrast media is effective for imaging benign and malignant mural and @entity11534 of the gastrointestinal tract.

title: MR imaging of the gastrointestinal tract with i.v., XXXX and diluted barium oral contrast media compared with unenhanced MR imaging and CT.

entities_list: @entity6680 :: ('MESH:D001466', 'Chemical') :: ['barium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant or inflammatory mural thickening or serosal tumor']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gastrointestinal tract disease', 'gastrointestinal tract abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity11534 :: ('MESH:D012700', 'Disease') :: ['serosal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: Although the immune system may provide early protection against @entity5 , @entity5 may exploit the healing arm of the immune system to enhance their growth and @entity3 . For example, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are thought to promote @entity5 growth by several mechanisms, including the suppression of T cell activity. It has been suggested that @entity10433 activation in myeloid cells modulates multiple aspects of MDSC physiology, including their expansion and activity. Whereas most animal studies investigating @entity5 immunology have used @entity5 implants, we used @entity19 (Smo*) that spontaneously develop @entity2946 @entity1313 to investigate the temporal accumulation of MDSCs within @entity5 and how myeloid @entity10433 disruption affects MDSC and other immune cell types. We found distinct populations of MDSC in @entity5 , with a high prevalence of @entity3804 (+) @entity17775 (+) @entity19347 (low/-) cells, described previously by others as G-MDSCs. These were found early in @entity5 development, in @entity75 located on the surface of the cerebellum of 28-day-old @entity19 . In fully developed @entity5 , pSTAT3 was found in the majority of these cells. Conditional @entity10433 gene disruption in myeloid cells resulted in an enhanced proinflammatory phenotype of macrophages in Smo* @entity19 . Moreover, a significant reduction in the abundance of G-MDSCs and Tregs was observed within @entity5 along with an increased presence of @entity1961 (+) and CD8(+) cells. Despite these alterations in immune cells induced by myeloid @entity10433 disruption, we found no effect on @entity5 incidence in Smo* @entity19 with this deletion.

title: Targeted XXXX disruption in myeloid cells alters immunosuppressor cell abundance in a @entity19 model of spontaneous @entity2946 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'medulloblastoma tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity10433 :: (20848(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT3']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present 2 cases of anterior lenticonus in @entity1 without @entity3686 , a surgical technique of @entity231 extraction in eyes with anterior lenticonus, and histological results of lenticonus specimens obtained intraoperatively. SETTING: From St. Eriks Eye Clinic, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. METHODS: Two otherwise healthy @entity1 presented with anterior lenticonus but no history of Alport's or other pathology. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was decreased. Both @entity1 had @entity231 extraction by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation under topical anesthesia. Two continuous curvilinear capsulorhexes (CCCs) were created. The entire lenticonus was embedded in @entity406 buffer 4% for histological analysis. RESULTS: In the first @entity1 , BCVA did not improve postoperatively because of @entity4457 . The @entity1 subjectively reported a substantial improvement in @entity227 . The surgical and postoperative course in the other @entity1 was uneventful. The sections were positive for collagen types IV and VI, and the arrangement of the collagen fibers was highly irregular. CONCLUSION: Anterior lenticonus was detected in @entity1 without @entity3686 who were otherwise healthy. A modified 2-step CCC technique can be used to make @entity231 surgery in such eyes safe and relatively easy.

title: Anterior lenticonus: histological evaluation and approach for XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field clarity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ["Alport's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Proteasome inhibition has recently been demonstrated to inhibit hepatic fibrogenesis in the bile duct-ligated (BDL) @entity19 by blocking stellate cell NF-kappaB activation. The effect of proteasome inhibition on @entity99 , however, is unclear. Our aims were to assess the effect of the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 on @entity99 in the BDL @entity19 . @entity99 was assessed in 7-day BDL @entity19 treated with a single dose of @entity1749 on day 4 after bile duct ligation. Despite NF-kappaB inhibition by @entity1749 , @entity99 and hepatocyte apoptosis were reduced in treated BDL mice. The antiapoptotic effect of @entity1749 was likely mediated by an increase in hepatic @entity42022 ( @entity42022 ) levels, a potent antiapoptotic protein. Unexpectedly, numerous mitotic hepatocytes were observed in the @entity1749 -treated BDL @entity19 liver specimens. Consistent with this observation, PCNA immunoreactivity and @entity5206 protein expression were also increased with @entity1749 treatment. @entity1749 therapy was also associated with a decrease in numbers and activation of Kupffer cells/macrophages. In conclusion, these data suggest that the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 reduces hepatocyte injury in the BDL @entity19 by mechanisms associated with a reduction in hepatocyte apoptosis, a decrease in Kupffer cell/macrophage number and activation, and increased hepatocyte proliferation.

title: Proteasome inhibition attenuates @entity99 in the bile duct-ligated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity42022 :: ('12633(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['cellular FLICE inhibitory protein', 'c-FLIP']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injury', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: In limbic or mesial @entity1315 , much attention has been given to specific regions or cell populations (e.g., the hippocampus or dentate granule cells). @entity302 may involve @entity1274 , and evidence suggests that subcortical regions may play a role. In this study we examined the midline thalamic regions for involvement in limbic @entity410 , changes in anatomy and physiology, and the potential role for this region in limbic @entity410 and @entity302 . METHODS: Using two @entity35 models for @entity302 (hippocampal kindled and chronic spontaneous @entity302 ) we examined the midline thalamus for evidence of involvement in @entity410 activity, alterations in structure, changes in the basic in vitro physiology of the thalamic neurons. We also explored how this region may influence limbic @entity410 . RESULTS: The midline thalamus was consistently involved with @entity410 activity from the onset, and there was significant @entity528 in the medial dorsal and reuniens/rhomboid nuclei. In addition, thalamic neurons had changes in synaptically mediated and voltage-gated responses. Infusion of @entity3303 into the midline thalamus significantly shortened afterdischarge duration. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that this thalamic region is part of the neural circuitry of @entity302 and may play a significant role in @entity410 modulation. Local neuronal changes can enhance the excitability of the thalamolimbic circuits.

title: The midline thalamus: alterations and a potential role in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['broader changes in neural circuits']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['limbic epilepsy', 'Epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['limbic epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness, safety, and impact on @entity1 quality of life (QOL) of a novel transurethral microwave thermoablation system for the treatment of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: A total of 169 @entity1 with @entity1067 were randomized to undergo a 1-hour microwave (n = 125) or sham (n = 44) procedure using the Urologix Targis thermoablation system on an outpatient basis, without general or regional anesthesia. Symptoms, flow rates, and QOL scores were determined before the study procedure and periodically thereafter up to 6 months. RESULTS: Mean American Urological Association (AUA) score in the microwave group diminished 50% (P <0.0005) by the 6-month evaluation (10.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.2 to 11.8) compared with baseline values (20.8, 95% CI 19.8 to 21.9). The sham group also exhibited lower postprocedural AUA scores; however, the magnitude of the postprocedural decline in AUA score in the microwave group was significantly greater (P <0.01) than that in the sham group. Half the microwave group had an AUA score of less than 9 by 6 months, and the decrease in symptoms was similar among @entity1 with initially moderate versus initially severe symptoms. Mean peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) in the microwave group increased 51% (P <0.0005) by 6 months to 11.8 mL/s (95% CI 10.7 to 13.0) versus a pretreatment value of 7.8 mL/s (95% CI 7.4 to 8.2). The magnitude of the postprocedural increase in Qmax was significantly greater in the microwave than the sham group (P <0.05). In nearly half the microwave group (47%), Qmax increased 50% or more by 6 months compared with 24% of the sham group. Microwave treatment resulted in a significantly greater (P <0.05) positive impact on @entity1 QOL than did the sham procedure. By 6 months, the QOL score in microwave-treated @entity1 (2.2, 95% CI 1.9 to 2.4) averaged 48% lower (P <0.0005) than that at baseline (4.2, 95% CI 4.0 to 4.4). Significantly greater durability of treatment effects was also evident with microwave than with sham treatment, as judged by the higher proportion of microwave-treated @entity1 (98.4%) requiring no further treatment during the 6-month study period versus 83.3% of sham control @entity1 (P <0.0005). Microwave treatment was well tolerated, and complications were generally minor, readily manageable, and transitory. CONCLUSIONS: The microwave thermoablation system proved to be an effective and safe treatment modality for @entity1067 , with a positive impact on @entity1 QOL.

title: A high-efficiency microwave thermoablation system for the treatment of XXXX : results of a randomized, sham-controlled, prospective, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']