abstract: The ninth component of @entity1 complement (C9) is the last of the terminal complement components creating the membrane attack complex. C9 is a single-chain serum protein that is encoded by a gene located on chromosome 5p. @entity465 is generally associated with recurrent @entity281 . We studied a previously described Swiss family with @entity74 . To identify the genetic basis of @entity14484 , we developed an approach using exon-specific PCR and direct DNA sequencing. As a cause of @entity14484 , we found two different point mutations, both generating TGA stop codons in the coding sequence. One mutation, a C to A exchange, was detected in exon 2 at cDNA position 166, the other, a C to T exchange, was located in exon 4 (cDNA position 464). In family studies of three first-degree relatives with heterozygous @entity14484 , we demonstrated that the two mutations are segregating independently. Therefore, these mutations are sufficient to explain the complete deficiency of both the probands studied. DNA sequencing of the exon-intron junctions revealed a number of revisions regarding the boundaries between exons 4, 5, and 6 as well as between exons 10 and 11. No additional introns were detected in exons 6 and 10. Furthermore, DNA marker studies were conducted using known polymorphisms of the C6, C7, and C9 genes, confirming the linkage of the observed C9 mutations with defined haplotypes.

title: The XXXX complement C9 gene: identification of two mutations causing deficiency and revision of the gene structure.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neisseria infections']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['Deficiency of terminal complement components']

entities_list: @entity14484 :: ('MESH:C565165', 'Disease') :: ['C9 deficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited C9 deficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Integrated acoustic myography (IAMG) and electromyography (IEMG) were recorded over rectus femoris (RF) in six healthy subjects during a series of intermittent isometric contractions of @entity121 . Contractions were held for 10 sec with 10 sec rest between each, commencing at 75% maximum @entity2472 (MVC) force and continuing to 40% MVC. The IAMG activity initially decreased (75%-60% MVC) in a linear relationship (r = 0.9) with @entity1295 (i.e. force loss) but then plateaued and increased once force fell below 52% MVC. The @entity49429 /force relationship for the whole fatiguing protocol (i.e. 75%-40% MVC) was quadratic (r = 0.87). The IEMG also showed a quadratic relationship with force (r = 0.85) but activity initially increased before decreasing. The results of the present study quantify the relationship between @entity49429 and force in @entity121 during @entity1295 from intermittent contractions commencing at 75% MVC. The findings confirm previous observations that @entity49429 decreases with @entity1295 during strong contractions but the quadratic relationship found in the present study differs to that for other muscles during sustained contractions. The results also suggest that simultaneous recordings of @entity49429 and EMG may help distinguish central and peripheral @entity1295 . Acoustic myography may therefore be a useful non-invasive monitor of force during early fatiguing activity using the present protocol but the need to study @entity49429 during @entity1295 of different muscles and force levels is stressed.

title: Acoustic myography of the human XXXX muscle during intermittent fatiguing activity.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['quadriceps']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity356 has been poorest. METHODOLOGY: To clarify the role of surgical treatment, 233 @entity1 with a primary @entity356 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 233 @entity1 , 182 underwent surgical resection, while the other 51 did not. The median survival time of those with unresectable @entity5 was 88.0 +/- 15.3 days and that of those who underwent resection was 380.0 +/- 41.8 days. In the 182 @entity1 who underwent resection, multivariate analysis revealed four significant factors; lymphatic invasion, serosal invasion, curability, and lymph node dissection. Of these, curability was the most significant. The median survival time of @entity1 whose @entity5 were curatively resected was 727.0 +/- 116.3 days, significantly longer than 272 +/- 34.9 days for those whose resection ended noncuratively. In 65 @entity1 whose @entity5 was curatively resected, subset analyses of factors by multivariate analyses revealed an absence of serosal invasion as the single significant prognosticator. The 5-year survival rate was 55.6% in @entity1 with @entity5 without serosal invasion. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity356 , palliative resection should not be attempted for poor outcome. However, if curative resection seems feasible, radical surgery would be justified, especially for @entity5 without serosal exposure.

title: Should XXXX be treated surgically? Clinical experiences with 233 cases and a retrospective analysis of prognosticators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'scirrhous cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['scirrhous gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['scirrhous gastric carcinoma']


abstract: Asbestos, a naturally occurring fibrous mineral, causes @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). However, it takes a very long time to develop @entity3620 , which suggests that effects other than tumorigenicity of @entity1355 might contribute to the development of @entity3620 , and one of the possible targets is anti- @entity5 immunity. Therefore, we examined the effect of @entity1355 exposure on @entity1 natural killer (NK) cells using the cell line of YT-A1, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultures and specimens from @entity1 with @entity3620 . In particular, we focused on expression of NK cell-activating receptors, including @entity3223 , 2B4 and @entity3222 . Analysis of the YT-CB5 subline of YT-A1, cultured with CB for over 5 months, showed a decrease in @entity137 with low expressions of @entity9707 D and 2B4, although there were no decreases after about one month. YT-CB5 showed decreases in phosphorylation of @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) and degranulation stimulated by antibodies to @entity3223 . Peripheral blood (PB-) NK cells from @entity3620 @entity1 also showed decreased @entity137 compared with healthy volunteers (HV), and was accompanied with low expression of @entity3222 unlike YT-CB5. PBMCs cultured with CB resulted in decreased expression of @entity3222 on NK cells, although this did not occur when using glass wool, an @entity1355 substitute. These results indicate that @entity1355 has the potential to suppress @entity137 of NK cells. In particular, it is noteworthy that both NK cells from @entity3620 @entity1 and those from a culture of PBMCs derived from HVs with @entity1355 showed the same characteristic of decreased @entity137 with low expression of @entity3222 .

title: Suppressive effect of XXXX on @entity137 of @entity1 NK cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'MM']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestos']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity442 ( @entity442 ) promotes favorable cardiac remodeling in @entity712 . However, the relation of plasma @entity442 in @entity1 with various degrees of @entity712 is not known. METHODS: Venous plasma samples were collected from @entity1 with clinically documented @entity712 (n = 24) and from control subjects (n = 21) for measurements of @entity442 levels. In the @entity712 group, functional assessment of the physical capacity was determined by means of the @entity299 ( @entity299 ) score. Objective determination of ventricular performance was made by transthoracic echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular fractional shortening (FS). RESULTS: @entity442 levels were higher in @entity1 with @entity712 (mean age, 67 +/- 2 years; 17 @entity1 ) than in control subjects (age, 71 +/- 2 years; 9 @entity1 ) (20.2 +/- 2 mU/L, 14.1 +/- 2 mU/L, respectively, P <.05). However, the elevated @entity442 levels were demonstrated only in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate symptoms ( @entity299 classes I and II) of @entity712 (24.7 +/- 3.3 mU/L, n = 12, P =.005 vs control subjects) but not in @entity1 with severe symptoms ( @entity299 classes III and IV) (15.7 +/- 2.3 mU/L, n = 12). There was a strong positive correlation between @entity442 levels and left ventricular FS (%) (r = 0.58, P =.003, n = 24). Adjustments for other potential confounders including age, sex, treatment received, and underlying cause of @entity712 did not alter the relation between @entity442 and left ventricular FS (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 6.24; P =.01). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma levels of @entity442 show distinct variations with the severity of @entity712 and may play a vital role in compensated @entity712 .

title: Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 elevated in mild-to-moderate but not severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['New York Heart Association', 'NYHA']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of a -1,2 fucosyltransferase ( @entity17912 ) gene @entity57662 and @entity57663 mutations on the expression of @entity17912 mRNA and activity of a -1,2 fucosyltransferase. METHODS: Recombinant expression vectors of @entity17912 @entity57662 and @entity17912 @entity57663 were constructed and transfected into COS-7 cells for stable expression screening. Expression of @entity17912 mRNA was determined using real-time quantitative PCR. The activity of @entity17912 was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Stably transfected COS-7 cells with wild type @entity17912 , @entity17912 @entity57662 and @entity17912 @entity57663 were respectively obtained. The @entity17912 mRNA level of transfected cells with @entity57662 and @entity57663 recombination vectors have measured 101.69% and 102.79% compared with that of wild type @entity17912 transfected cells. A specific protein band with about 46 kD was confirmed in the @entity57662 transfected cell lysates by @entity214 -PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting with 6  His Tag antibody. Similar protein was not identified in the @entity57663 cells lysates. Enzymes activity of @entity17912 @entity57662 has measured 61.01% compared with wild type @entity17912 protein, whilst the activity of @entity17912 @entity57664 was completely abolished. CONCLUSION: @entity17912 @entity57662 and @entity57663 mutations do not affect the transcript efficiency, although various mutations have different impact on the enzyme's activity.

title: [Effect of a -1,2 fucosyltransferase gene XXXX and @entity57663 mutations on the activity of fucosyltransferase].

answer: @entity57662 :: (c|SUB|A|682|G,DNAMutation) :: ['682A> G']


abstract: We have isolated a 2287-bp cDNA encoding the 61-kDa calmodulin-stimulated cyclic @entity377 phosphodiesterase (CaM PDE) from a @entity291 brain library. A large open reading frame within the cDNA encodes a 530-residue polypeptide which is identical to the sequence of the purified protein previously determined by direct @entity535 sequencing. Moreover, COS cells transfected with the cDNA express a @entity268 and @entity6708 hydrolytic activity that is stimulated by @entity460 and calmodulin, confirming that the cDNA represents a mRNA species encoding a CaM PDE isozyme. RNase protection analyses indicate that either @entity62356 mRNA or structurally related transcripts encoding different CaM PDE isoforms are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Total RNA isolated from brain (cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum, and medulla/spinal cord), @entity8 , @entity825 , and lung completely protected a 410-base antisense riboprobe corresponding to sequence encoding a portion of the catalytic domain. Little or no protection was detected using adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, liver, kidney cortex, spleen, or T-lymphocyte total RNA. Only brain RNA completely protected a 240-base antisense riboprobe corresponding to the @entity62356 @entity1472 terminus encompassing a putative calmodulin-binding domain. However, heart, aorta, liver, kidney, @entity825 , and lung RNA protected 150 bases of this riboprobe suggesting that these tissues express an isoform structurally related to the @entity62356 . Northern analysis of mRNA isolated from brain, heart, aorta, liver, kidney, lung, and @entity825 revealed that the cDNA hybridizes with a 3.8- and a 4.4-kb (kilobase) mRNA species. Interestingly, Northern blots of @entity291 cerebral cortex and heart mRNA probed under stringent conditions with antisense transcripts corresponding to either the 5'- or 3'-untranslated sequence of the @entity62356 cDNA hybridized with only the 4.4-kb mRNA from both tissues. Since different, yet structurally similar CaM PDE isoforms are expressed in brain and in heart, this result, in addition to the RNase protection data, is consistent with the idea that the mRNAs encoding these two CaM PDE isoforms are products of an alternately spliced gene.

title: Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding the "61-kDa" calmodulin-stimulated cyclic XXXX phosphodiesterase. Tissue-specific expression of structurally related isoforms.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['heart, aorta, liver, kidney outer medulla, kidney papilla']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are indications that oxidized low density lipoprotein @entity165 (Ox-LDLC) may play an important role in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events. In most developing countries, the interplay between the different lipid fractions and cigarette smoking has not been studied. This study assessed the effect of cigarette smoking on the alterations in plasma lipid fractions and their associations with the gonadal hormone, @entity251 (T). METHODS: One hundred and sixty male @entity1 , consisting of eighty smokers and eighty apparently healthy non-smokers were recruited. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were determined using standard procedures. RESULTS: Significant increases were obtained in plasma total @entity165 (TC), @entity412 (TG), oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDLC) and Ox-LDLC/TT ratio (p<0.001) in smokers compared with the non-smokers. Plasma high density @entity165 ( @entity9680 ) (p<0.001) was significantly reduced in smokers compared with the non-smokers. The plasma mean T result was not significantly different from the non-smokers, but inversely correlated with Ox-LDLC and significantly correlated with the lipids and lipoproteins. Significantly high plasma TC, TG and LDLC (p<0.001) and low @entity9680 (p<0.001) were also obtained in smokers when co-founding factors such as duration and number of cigarette smoked per day were applied. CONCLUSION: This study showed an inverse correlation between Ox-LDLC and @entity251 as well as strong association between the number of @entity286 and cigarettes usage per day. These changes in part, could be major causes of premature @entity65 and decreased fertility in young adults.

title: Plasma oxidized low density lipoprotein XXXX correlates inversely with @entity251 in young adult male smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Arterial @entity2693 may predict @entity301 beyond classic risk factors. In a longitudinal study, we assessed the predictive value of arterial @entity2693 on @entity301 in @entity1 with essential @entity101 and without known clinical @entity65 . @entity2333 was determined from carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity at baseline in 1045 @entity101 . The risk assessment of @entity301 was made by calculating the Framingham risk score according to the categories of gender, age, blood pressure, @entity165 , @entity6 , and smoking. Mean age at entry was 51 years, and mean follow-up was 5.7 years. Coronary events (fatal and nonfatal @entity583 , coronary revascularization, and @entity951 ) and all cardiovascular events served as outcome variables in Cox proportional-hazard regression models. Fifty-three coronary events and 97 total cardiovascular events occurred. In univariate analysis, the relative risk of follow-up coronary event or any cardiovascular event increased with increasing level of pulse wave velocity; for 1 SD, ie, 3.5 m/s, relatives risks were 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.82; P<0.01) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.70; P<0.001), respectively. Framingham score significantly predicted the occurrence of coronary and all cardiovascular events in this population (P<0.01 and P<0.0001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, pulse wave velocity remained significantly associated with the occurrence of coronary event after adjustment either of Framingham score (for 3.5 m/s: relative risk, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.79; P=0.039) or classic risk factors (for 3.5 m/s: relative risk, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.79; P=0.01). Parallel results were observed for all cardiovascular events. This study provides the first direct evidence in a longitudinal study that @entity2333 is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in @entity1 with essential @entity101 .

title: @entity2333 is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in @entity101 XXXX : a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness', 'Aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cloning of the T-cell receptor genes is a critical step when generating T-cell receptor @entity19 . Because T-cell receptor molecules are clonotypical, isolation of their genes requires reverse transcriptase-assisted PCR using primers specific for each different Valpha or Vbeta genes or by the screening of cDNA libraries generated from RNA obtained from each individual T-cell clone. Although feasible, these approaches are laborious and costly. The aim of the present study was to test the application of the non-palindromic adaptor-PCR method as an alternative to isolate the genes encoding the T-cell receptor of an antigen-specific T-cell hybridoma. For this purpose, we established hybridomas specific for trans-sialidase, an immunodominant Trypanosoma cruzi antigen. These T-cell hybridomas were characterized with regard to their ability to secrete @entity60 , @entity58 , and @entity1618 after stimulation with the antigen. A @entity31887 +, @entity1961 +, CD8- @entity60 -producing hybridoma was selected for the identification of the variable regions of the T-cell receptor by the non-palindromic adaptor-PCR method. Using this methodology, we were able to rapidly and efficiently determine the variable regions of both T-cell receptor chains. The results obtained by the non-palindromic adaptor-PCR method were confirmed by the isolation and sequencing of the complete cDNA genes and by the recognition with a specific antibody against the T-cell receptor variable beta chain. We conclude that the non-palindromic adaptor-PCR method can be a valuable tool for the identification of the T-cell receptor transcripts of T-cell hybridomas and may facilitate the generation of T-cell receptor @entity19 .

title: The non-palindromic adaptor-PCR method for the identification of the T-cell receptor genes of an XXXX -secreting T-cell hybridomaspecific for trans-sialidase, an immunodominant Trypanosoma cruzi antigen.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: The dominant formation mechanisms of chlorinated phenylacetylenes, @entity15344 , and phenylvinylacetylenes in relatively low pressure and temperature (   40 Torr and 1000 K) pyrolysis systems are explored. Mechanism elucidation is achieved through a combination of theoretical and experimental techniques, the former employing a novel simplification of kinetic modeling which utilizes rate constants in a probabilistic framework. Contemporary formation schemes of the compounds of interest generally require successive additions of @entity14493 to @entity15060 radicals. As such, infrared laser powered homogeneous pyrolyses of dichloro- or @entity4965 were perturbed with 1,2,4- or 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene. The resulting changes in product identities were compared with the major products expected from conventional pathways, aided by the results of our previous computational work. This analysis suggests that a Bittner-Howard growth mechanism, with a novel amendment to the conventional scheme made just prior to ring closure, describes the major products well. Expected products from a number of other potentially operative channels are shown to be incongruent with experiment, further supporting the role of Bittner-Howard channels as the unique pathway to @entity12683 growth. A simple quantitative analysis which performs very well is achieved by considering the reaction scheme as a probability tree, with relative rate constants being cast as branching probabilities. This analysis describes all chlorinated @entity41997 , @entity12683 , and @entity57565 congeners. The scheme is then tested in a more general system, i.e., not enforcing a @entity3884 abstraction/ @entity14493 addition mechanism, by pyrolyzing mixtures of di- and trichloroethylene without the addition of an aromatic precursor. The model indicates that these mechanisms are still likely to be operative.

title: Role of @entity3884 abstraction XXXX addition mechanisms in the formation of chlorinated @entity15344 . 2. Kinetic modeling and the detailed mechanism of ring closure.

entities_list: @entity41997 :: ('MESH:C044736', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylacetylene']

entities_list: @entity14493 :: ('MESH:D000114', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylene']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity57565 :: ('MESH:C549505', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylvinylacetylene']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity15344 :: ('MESH:D009281', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalenes']

answer: @entity14493 :: (MESH:D000114,Chemical) :: ['acetylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1455 after @entity583 is associated with a very high mortality rate. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of records of all @entity1 supported with an Abiomed device at our institution between 1994 and 2002 to identify those @entity1 who underwent device insertion for the treatment of @entity583 complicated by @entity1455 (AMI-CS). RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 who were suffering from AMI-CS and for whom medical management was failing were supported using the Abiomed BVS 5000. The average age of these @entity1 was 57.6 years. Eleven @entity1 were suffering primarily from @entity1002 and were supported with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Eight of these @entity1 were weaned from device support, a nd 6 survived to hospital discharge (54%). In contrast, 6 @entity1 presented with @entity177 and were supported with biventricular VADs (BiVADs). None of these BiVAD @entity1 could be weaned from device support. Two BiVAD @entity1 underwent cardiac transplantation, and only one survived. CONCLUSION: In the presence of @entity1002 producing @entity1455 after @entity583 , LVAD support can produce a 54% survival rate in those @entity1 w ho are failing medical management. However, in @entity1 in @entity177 after @entity583 , BiVAD support may be used to stabilize the @entity1 until transplantation, but the overall prognosis remains poor.

title: Improved survival with ventricular assist device support in XXXX after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiogenic shock', 'cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: Twelve monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were isolated that bound to six clusters of epitopes on the constant region of the epsilon chain of @entity1 IgE. Four of the mAb bound to the C epsilon 1 or early @entity2195 regions; three of these bound to the @entity1582 protein PS and to serum IgE but not to the @entity1582 protein @entity11702 . These mAb probably recognize an allotypic marker. Another mAb reacted with heat-denatured, but not native IgE. Four of the mAb failed to release @entity112 ; the epitopes recognized by these mAb are in the C epsilon 1, @entity2195 and C epsilon 3-4 regions of IgE. Three of these non- @entity112 releasing mAb did not bind to IgE on the basophil surface. These mAb recognize epitopes in @entity2195 and C epsilon 3-4 that are not accessible when IgE is bound to its receptor. Four mAb inhibited IgE binding to basophils; two of these did not release @entity112 , and two others that bind to epitopes in the @entity2195 -4 domain, released @entity112 and therefore blocked IgE binding by steric hindrance. Inhibition of IgE binding by different mAb suggest that the @entity220 and @entity7527 bind to partly overlapping regions of the IgE molecule although the sites do not appear to be identical. A number of sites on C epsilon 1 and C epsilon 3-4 were accessible when IgE is bound to its basophil receptor. The data support the concept that only part of the Fc portion of IgE is hidden in the receptor and that portions of C epsilon 1-4 are accessible on the cell surface. These mAb should be useful in determining the domains of IgE that are critical for its biological activity.

title: Monoclonal antibodies defining epitopes on XXXX IgE.

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['IgE myeloma']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anatomical and electrophysiological studies collectively suggest that the entorhinal cortex consists of several sub-regions, each of which is involved in the processing of different types of information. Consistent with this idea, we previously reported that the @entity550 (DLE), but not the caudomedial portion, is necessary for the expression of a memory association between temporally discontiguous stimuli in trace eyeblink conditioning (Morrissey et al., J Neurosci 2012; 32:5356-5361). The present study examined whether memory acquisition depends on the DLE and what types of local neurotransmitter mechanisms are involved in memory acquisition and expression. Male Long-Evans @entity35 experienced trace eyeblink conditioning, in which an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with a mildly aversive electric shock to the eyelid (US) with a stimulus-free interval of 500 ms. Immediately before the conditioning, the @entity35 received a microinfusion of neuro-reactive substances into the DLE. We found that reversible inactivation of the DLE with GABAA receptor agonist, @entity6341 @entity2414 . Furthermore, blockade of local muscarinic @entity934 receptors (mACh) with @entity5591 retarded memory acquisition while blockade of local @entity3391 receptors with APV had no effect. Memory expression was not impaired by either type of receptor blocker. These results suggest that the DLE is necessary for memory acquisition, and that acquisition depends on the integrity of local mACh receptor-dependent firing modulation, but not @entity3391 receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Cholinergic, but not XXXX , receptors in the lateral entorhinal cortex mediate acquisition in trace eyeblink conditioning.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['dorsolateral portion of the entorhinal cortex']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired memory acquisition']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3391 :: (D016202,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The international literature emphasizes the importance of evaluating the knowledge of different groups such as teachers, students, dentists, physicians, parents, and athletes regarding @entity8495 . In Brazil, community health workers are professionals who can reach a wide variety of @entity1 and who have a marked influence on prevention and health promotion strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of community health workers regarding @entity130 . METHODS: A questionnaire consisting of 19 questions divided into 3 parts was applied: demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. Data from 206 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Approximately 28% of the @entity1 reported to have been called to assist individuals with @entity130 . Only 42 subjects had received education on @entity8495 , with 34 of them being instructed by a dentist. In cases of tooth @entity155 , only 1.9% of the health workers reported that they would search for the tooth and reimplant it. The most frequently indicated storage media for avulsed teeth were nonphysiological media (69.42%). CONCLUSIONS: The educational level of the community health workers somehow influenced their knowledge (P < 0.001) and attitude (P = 0.016) regarding @entity8495 . Educational programs for this group are needed to improve the management of traumatic @entity8495 .

title: XXXX : knowledge and attitudes of community health workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity8495 :: ('MESH:D018677', 'Disease') :: ['dental injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['dental trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Dental trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Physiological FDG uptake in the stomach is a common phenomenon, especially noted at the @entity418 . Water intake just before scanning will result in @entity356 and thinning of the gastric wall, which in turn may lead to a reduction in the physiological uptake in the gastric wall. In the current study, we investigated whether @entity356 by water intake just before PET imaging reduces physiological FDG uptake in the stomach. METHODS: The @entity1 population comprised 60 @entity1 who underwent whole-body FDG-PET imaging for @entity5 screening following gastroscopy performed within the preceding week. All @entity1 took 400 ml of water for hydration and were administered 185 MBq of FDG intravenously. The @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups: a group with additional water intake (AW group; n = 30) and a group without additional water intake (NW group; n = 30). In the AW group, an additional 400 ml of water was given just before PET imaging. For quantitative analysis, the stomach was classified into three areas [upper (U), middle (M) and lower (L)], and the degree of FDG uptake in each area was evaluated using standardised uptake values (SUVs). RESULTS: In the NW group, the mean SUVs in the U, M and L areas were 2.41 +/- 0.75, 2.28 +/- 0.73 and 1.61 +/- 0.89, respectively, while in the AW group they were 1.82 +/- 0.66, 1.73 +/- 0.56 and 1.48 +/- 0.49, respectively, and 2.21 +/- 0.38 in the oesophago-gastric junction. The mean SUVs in the U and M areas in the AW group were significantly lower than those in the NW group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Additional water intake just before PET imaging is an effective method for suppressing physiological FDG uptake in the stomach.

title: An analysis of the physiological FDG uptake in the stomach with the water XXXX method.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric distention']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric distention']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 90 immunologically distinct serotypes of @entity328 exist, and it is not fully elucidated whether the serotype is a risk factor for severity of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Our hypothesis is that serotypes differ in their capacity to cause @entity326 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in Southern Sweden based upon 513 @entity1 with @entity3 in the pre-vaccine era 2006-2008. The serotype, co-morbidity, and @entity295 severity were determined. Serotypes were compared to serotype 14 as a reference and grouped according to their invasive potential, that is, high (serogroups 1, 5 and 7), intermediate (serogroups 4, 9, 14 and 18) and, finally, low invasive potential (serogroups 3, 6, 8, 15, 19, 23 and 33). RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2260 serotype 3 had significantly more often @entity326 (25%, odds ratio (OR) 6.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59-25.29]), higher mortality (30%, OR 2.86 [CI 1.02-8.00]), and more often co-morbidities (83%, OR 3.82 [CI 1.39-10.54]) when compared to serotype 14. A significant difference in age and co-morbidities (p  <= 0.001) was found when @entity1 data were pooled according to the invasive potential of the infecting pneumococci. The median age and percentage of @entity1 with underlying co-morbidities were 72 years and 79%, respectively, for serogroups associated with low invasiveness, 68 years and 61%, respectively, for serogroups with intermediate invasiveness, and, finally, 62 years and 48%, respectively, for serogroups with high invasiveness. No difference in @entity295 severity was found between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2260 serotype 3 more often caused @entity326 compared to serotype 14. Our results support the hypothesis that serotypes with high invasiveness mainly cause @entity3 in younger @entity1 with less co-morbidities. In contrast, serogroups with low and intermediate invasive potential mostly cause @entity3 in the elderly with defined co-morbidities, and thus can be considered as opportunistic.

title: High incidence of @entity326 caused by XXXX serotype 3--a retrospective epidemiological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['IPD', 'invasive pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: The clinical use of neuroleptics, @entity1245 , narcotic analgesics, barbiturates, and neuromuscular blockers to manage @entity933 and @entity2146 in the intensive-care setting is reviewed. @entity933 is the most commonly encountered mental disturbance in @entity3124 @entity1 and may be precipitated by factors such as @entity221 , medications, @entity158 , and emotional stress. If @entity2146 cannot be controlled through nonpharmacologic means, pharmacologic intervention may be necessary. @entity1767 is the neuroleptic of choice for rapid control of @entity933 and @entity2146 in the @entity3124 @entity1 . It has few adverse effects in most @entity1 , even at high doses, although it can cause @entity21 . Among the @entity1245 , @entity2934 should be considered a first-line agent. It may be used alone or in combination with @entity1767 (or another neuroleptic). @entity1363 is suitable for administration by continuous i.v. infusion in the intensive-care setting because of its water solubility, short half-life, and short duration of action. The sedative effects of narcotics may be advantageous in @entity1 with both @entity2146 and @entity158 . Barbiturates are not recommended for routine use in the treatment of @entity933 and @entity2146 . The use of neuromuscular blocking agents such as @entity6305 and @entity43160 may be necessary when other therapies have failed. @entity1767 and the @entity1245 , alone or in combination, are the drugs of choice for treatment of acute @entity2146 and @entity933 in @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: Treatment of XXXX in the @entity3124 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity43160 :: ('MESH:C032943', 'Chemical') :: ['metocurine iodide']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol', 'Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: @entity4801 can be acquired by ingestion of contaminated raw or minimally processed fresh produce (herbs and fruits). The sensitivity of methods used to detect parasites on fresh produce depends in part on the efficacy of wash solutions in removing them from suspect samples. In this study, six wash solutions (sterile E-Pure water, 3% @entity37118 -3% @entity3208 , 1 M @entity2228 , 0.1 M @entity1391 -buffered saline, 0.1% Alconox, and 1% @entity5828 -pepsin) were evaluated for their effectiveness in removing Cyclospora cayetanensis, @entity2432 , and @entity3204 from basil. One hundred or 1,000 oocysts of these parasites were inoculated onto the adaxial surfaces of 25 g of basil leaves, placed in stomacher bags, and stored for 1 h at 21  C or 24 h at 4  C. Leaves were hand washed in each wash solution for 1 min. DNA was extracted from the wash solutions and amplified using PCR for the detection of all parasites. Oocysts inoculated at a concentration of 1,000 oocysts per 25 g of basil were detected in all wash solutions. At an inoculum concentration of 100 oocysts per 25 g, oocysts were detected in 18.5 to 92.6% of the wash solutions. The lowest variability in recovering oocysts from basil inoculated with 100 oocysts was observed in 1% @entity5828 -pepsin wash solution. Oocyst recovery rates were higher at 1 h than at 24 h postinoculation. Unlike most bacteria, parasites cannot be enriched; therefore, an optimal recovery process for oocysts from suspected foods is critical. The observations in this study provide guidance concerning the selection of wash solutions giving the highest retrieval of parasite oocysts.

title: Efficacy of wash solutions in recovering Cyclospora cayetanensis, XXXX , and @entity3204 from basil.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['Parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

entities_list: @entity37118 :: ('MESH:C032246', 'Chemical') :: ['levulinic acid']

answer: @entity2432 :: (5807,Species) :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of @entity4672 as an ovulation inducing agent on oocyte and embryo quality in @entity19 model. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Kolkata, India. ANIMAL(S): Sixty-nine sexually mature female Swiss Albino @entity19 6-7 weeks old. INTERVENTION(S): Metaphase II (MII) oocytes from two groups of @entity19 , one group injected with @entity4672 and the other with rFSH. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Number of MII oocytes, number of oocytes with @entity189 ( @entity189 ), different angles of @entity189 relative to the polar body (PB), spindle characteristics, and fertilization outcome. RESULT(S): The @entity189 was present in 84% and 71.2% of the oocytes in the @entity4672 and rFSH group, respectively. In the @entity4672 group, 73% of the oocytes had a 0 degrees spindle position compared with 35.7% in the rFSH group. With @entity4672 , 19% of the oocytes had 0 degrees > @entity189 < 90 degrees and 8% had @entity189 >90 degrees , compared with 46.1% oocytes with 0 degrees > @entity189 < 90 degrees and 18.2% with @entity189 >90 degrees with rFSH. Mean spindle area retardance, spindle dimensions, and 4-8-cell embryo formation rate were significantly higher with @entity4672 compared with rFSH. Two-cell and blastocyst formation rates were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION(S): Robust birefringent spindles were obtained in @entity19 on superovulation with @entity4672 . @entity4672 does not appear to increase the risk of spindle assembly and preimplantation developmental arrest in @entity19 oocytes.

title: Analysis of spindle characteristics and embryo quality in @entity19 stimulated with XXXX using Polscope imaging.

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole', 'Letrozole']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['meiotic spindle', 'MS']

answer: @entity4672 :: (MESH:C067431,Chemical) :: ['letrozole']


abstract: A case of 36-year-old nonmarried virgin @entity1 presenting a giant ovarian serous cyst @entity652 weighing 9.5 kg is reported here. @entity43 may be divided by origin cell type into three main groups: epithelial, stromal and germ cell. Taken as a group, the @entity5 are by far the most common type. The single most common @entity43 is the benign cystic @entity44 ; however, according to some studies it is serous cyst @entity652 . A 36-year-old nonmarried virgin @entity1 was referred to our clinic from a local medical center. When she was seen first at our outpatient clinic, she looked like a 9-month pregnant @entity1 . Her medical history was normal. She had no serious illness or operation before. On abdominal ultrasound, a @entity45 was found which encompassed the whole abdomen. At laparotomy, a giant, totally cystic, vascularized and smooth mass attached to the right ovary was encountered, lying between the symphysis and the xiphoid. Ooferectomy was performed. On the postoperative second day, she was discharged without any problem. Her pathology report disclosed a 35 x 20 x 16 cm(3) serous cyst @entity652 weighing 9.5 kg. This is the largest ovarian cyst that ever reported from our hospital and one of the largest among the reported cases in the literature.

title: Unaware of a giant serous cyst XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['benign ovarian neoplasm', 'Ovarian neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['giant cyst']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: Dual antiplatelet therapy that inhibits more than one pathway of platelet activation is appealing and biologically rational. The CURE study evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity1397 on top of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) versus standard therapy (including @entity1281 ) in over 12,000 @entity1 with @entity1459 or non-ST-segment elevation @entity583 ( @entity583 ). @entity1397 in combination with @entity1281 reduced the relative risk of the combined atherothrombotic endpoint of @entity65 , @entity583 or @entity64 by 20% (95% CI 0.72-0.90; p < 0.001) and the absolute risk of this composite endpoint by 2.1%. While the study was not powered or designed to demonstrate a reduction in @entity64 , there was a 14% reduction in @entity64 risk (p > 0.05). Dual antiplatelet therapy was associated with an acceptable 1% increase in the incidence of major @entity548 events (p = 0.001). PCI-CURE, a prespecified substudy of @entity1 who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during CURE, confirmed the early and sustained benefits of @entity1397 therapy seen in the overall CURE study. CREDO was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in more than 2,100 @entity1 that evaluated the continuation of @entity1397 on top of standard therapy including @entity1281 for 12 months after PCI, and the benefit of a preprocedural @entity1397 loading dose. The long-term results at 1 year showed that there was a 27% reduction in the risk of @entity64 , @entity583 or @entity204 with long-term @entity1397 therapy (p = 0.02). There was a consistent benefit of extended @entity1397 therapy for each component of the composite endpoint, with a 25.1% relative risk reduction for all-cause @entity64 . In @entity1 who received @entity1397 > or =6 h before PCI, there was a 39% reduction in the risk of @entity204 , @entity583 or urgent target-vessel revascularization at 28 days (p = 0.051). These data suggest important implications in the future for the use of an early loading dose of @entity1397 in @entity1 undergoing carotid stenting and, if proven in current or future trials, the use of a loading dose followed by long-term continuation of @entity1397 in other high-risk atherothrombotic @entity1 such as those with transient ischaemic attack or @entity64 .

title: Recent clinical trial results with antiplatelet therapy: implications in XXXX prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Previous studies of hospitalized @entity1 have suggested an " @entity28 paradox" with lower short-term mortality as weight increases. We hypothesized that some of this difference might be related to more aggressive management. To evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on treatments and outcomes in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ), the Get With The Guidelines database was investigated. From 409 United States hospitals, 130,139 hospitalizations for @entity453 were identified with documented height and weight. @entity1 were stratified by BMI, with 3,305 (2.5%) underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m(2)), 34,697 (27%) of healthy weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)), 47,883 (37%) overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m(2)), 37,686 (29%) @entity28 (BMI 30 to 39.9 kg/m(2)), and 6,568 (5%) @entity28 (BMI > or =40 kg/m(2)). As BMI increased, @entity1 were significantly younger but more likely to be @entity1 and have @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity407 . Unadjusted in-hospital mortality was highest in the underweight group (10.4%) and significantly lower in the healthy-weight (5.4%), overweight (3.1%), @entity28 (2.4%), and @entity28 (2.9%) @entity1 . Higher BMI was associated with increased use of standard medical therapies such as @entity117 , beta blockers, inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, and lipid-lowering therapy in the hospital and at discharge. In adjusted analyses, compared with the healthy-weight group, overweight and @entity28 @entity1 were more likely to undergo invasive procedures and had lower mortality (p <0.01 for all odds ratios). In conclusion, increasing BMI appears to be associated with better use of guideline-recommended medical treatment and invasive management of @entity453 , which may explain the observed lower rates of in-hospital mortality.

title: Medical therapies and invasive treatments for @entity453 by body mass: the " XXXX paradox" in the Get With The Guidelines database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity', 'extremely obese']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: A 49-year-old male with an 8 year history of lowered Hb level, @entity3028 and @entity1295 presented in 1986 with progressive @entity1295 , a dramatically reduced Hb level (45 g/l) and an increased lymphocyte count (6.6 x 10(9)/l). Clinical picture and laboratory studies led to the diagnosis of chronic @entity6113 with expansion of @entity405 + T cells expressing @entity4071 IgG Fc receptors ( @entity4071 ). DNA analyzed with T-cell receptor (TcR) gamma and beta probes revealed extra rearranged bands representing a clonal expansion of T lymphocytes. These T lymphocytes expressed T-cell receptor alpha beta as evaluated by staining with monoclonal antibodies. Because of the severe progressive @entity417 the @entity1 was transfused with packed red cells. He was then treated with @entity786 . After one month of treatment the transfusions could be discontinued and two months later @entity786 treatment was stopped because of normalized Hb level and lymphocyte counts. The @entity1 remained in a hematologically stable condition, though a minor T-cell population representing the clonal expansion, an inverted @entity404 / @entity405 ratio and low immunoglobulin levels persisted. This is the first report of regression of proven monoclonal @entity405 + T gamma-cell expansion and the associated @entity417 following @entity786 therapy. These observations implicate the expanded monoclonal @entity405 + lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the @entity417 and @entity3028 .

title: Remission of monoclonal chronic T-cell expansion associated with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that hyper-responsiveness of monocytes to the products of @entity2413 , especially the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria and the secretion of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, may have a role in the pathogenesis of @entity146 ( @entity146 ). To investigate this possibility, @entity650 production by cultured peripheral blood monocytes before and after stimulation by @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in @entity146 @entity1 was evaluated. MATERIAL/METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity146 were compared with 15 periodontally healthy controls in a case control study. Monocytes were obtained from peripheral blood samples and cultured. The reaction of monocytes was studied by their @entity650 production using ELISA before and six hours after stimulation by 0.1 microg/ml E. col. LPS. The Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in @entity650 production levels before LPS stimulation between @entity1 and controls. Upon LPS stimulation, @entity650 levels increased in both the @entity1 and control groups compared with their @entity650 levels before stimulation. @entity650 production after LPS stimulation in the @entity1 was higher than controls, but this was not statistically significant. However, the increase in @entity650 production as a result of LPS stimulation was significantly higher in @entity1 than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Increased monocyte responsiveness may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of @entity146 . However, whether this is an intrinsic characteristic of the monocyte/macrophage cells of @entity146 @entity1 or just a priming effect as a result of the @entity2520 remains to be investigated.

title: Interleukin-6 production by cultured peripheral blood monocytes before and after stimulation by XXXX lipopolysaccharide in Iranian @entity1 with @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['dental plaque']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'aggressive periodontitis']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: A detailed analysis of the hospital-related costs of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in @entity1 was performed. Data on 10 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were collected prospectively. Pre-, intra- and postoperative variables were assessed by standardized questionnaires. The hotel costs and costs for nursing, physicians, medicaments and equipment were calculated in detail. Reusable instruments were assumed to be used for 50 operations per year over 5 years and the costs for disposable instruments were calculated for comparison. In addition, the data of 10 @entity1 who underwent open cholecystectomy were analyzed retrospectively. The mean hospital costs for one laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 3685 @entity3918 . The costs for the operation itself represented 36.5% of the hospital costs and were mainly due to expenses for surgeons and nurses. The costs for laparoscopic equipment and instruments represented only 8.5% of the total costs. If an open procedure instead of a laparoscopic operation had been performed with a similar duration of hospital stay, the hospital costs would have been reduced by 425 @entity3918 (11.5%). In laparoscopic cholecystectomy the costs for medical treatment in addition to the operation were 32.8% of the total costs and were mainly due to expenses for nursing and physicians, which added up to 165 @entity3918 per day. The hotel costs represented 30.7% of the total costs and added another 189 @entity3918 per day. Therefore, potential savings in the operation theatre are limited and most effective savings may be achieved by shortening the hospital stay. The use of disposable instruments would have increased the costs by 844 @entity3918 and already 20 operations per year would have been cheaper performed with reusable compared to disposable instruments. Reusable instruments are recommended. Additional 60 minutes operating time cost 312 @entity3918 (5.20 @entity3918 /minute) and therefore, laparoscopic training courses for surgeons may be cost-effective in order to reduce the costs for training in the operation theatre.

title: Cost analysis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that @entity6306 to @entity9315 due to reduced @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) contributes to the aging-related hyperinflammatory state in @entity295 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Sepsis and @entity326 are a serious problem, particularly in the geriatric population. @entity9315 is an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a, ie, @entity23854 ). The decline in @entity11249 with age is directly associated with many adverse changes that occur with aging. However, the role of @entity11249 , @entity9315 , and GHSR1a in the age-associated vulnerability to @entity295 remains unknown. METHODS: Male Fischer 344 @entity35 (young: 3 months; aged: 24 months) were used. Plasma @entity11249 levels, @entity23854 expression, and neuronal activity in the parasympathostimulatory nuclei of the brain stem in normal young and aged animals were measured. @entity5694 was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 15 mg/kg BW). RESULTS: While LPS-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages isolated from aged @entity35 decreased, LPS injection resulted in an in vivo hyperinflammatory state. @entity11249 levels were lower in aged @entity35 , which was associated with lower expression of GHSR1a in the dorsal vagal complex and a decrease in parasympathostimulatory neuronal activity. GHSR1a antagonist elevated LPS-induced cytokine release in young @entity35 . @entity11249 increased GHSR-1a expression in the dorsal vagal complex in aged @entity35 . Coadministration of @entity9315 and @entity11249 , but not @entity9315 alone or @entity11249 alone, markedly reduced cytokine levels and @entity130 after @entity5694 in aged @entity35 , which was associated with significantly elevated parasympathostimulatory neuronal activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the reduced central (brain) responsiveness to @entity9315 due to the decreased @entity11249 , plays a major role in producing the hyperinflammatory state, resulting in severe organ injuries and high mortality after @entity5694 in aged animals. @entity9315 and @entity11249 can be developed as a novel therapy for @entity295 in the geriatric population.

title: @entity9315 @entity6306 contributes to age-related hyperinflammation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['Endotoxemia', 'endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: Obstacle clearance can be a hazardous locomotor task if not coordinated with the utmost accuracy. The current study explored changes in leading limb segment coordination during obstacle clearance in a population with @entity6447 using the planar law of intersegmental coordination. Eight @entity1 with @entity33624 , caused by mutations in the @entity33624 gene, and eight healthy adults stepped over obstacles. Healthy adults walked at natural speeds, as well as a velocity similar to the @entity1 with @entity6447 , resulting in three groups [healthy (H), matched velocity (MV) and @entity6447 ( @entity6447 )]. Elevation angles of the foot, @entity17237 and thigh in the sagittal plane were calculated. A principal component analysis was applied to limb segment trajectories, and a Fourier harmonic series was further used to determine temporal phase differences between adjacent segments. Although obstacle clearance was greater in the @entity6447 group, the planar nature of the 3D covariance plot of segment elevation angles, the covariance loop width and orientation did not differ between the @entity6447 , H and MV groups, suggesting that the planar patterns between elevation angles may not be heavily influenced by the cerebellum. Further analysis led to the observation of a nonlinear relationship between covariance loop width and thigh- @entity17237 fundamental harmonic phase difference, and a decrease in covariance loop width was observed when the fundamental harmonic phase difference between the thigh and @entity17237 segments is >90  . This study supports previous work that a greater safety margin is used in @entity1 with @entity6447 when stepping over obstacles, but reveals a mechanism of segmental coordination to facilitate this increase in toe clearance. Further work is required to determine whether ataxia severity has an effect on the observed coordination variables.

title: Increased obstacle clearance in @entity1 with @entity33624 results in part from voluntary coordination changes between the thigh and XXXX segments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'cerebellar ataxia']

answer: @entity17237 :: (22941,Gene) :: ['shank']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To undertake a concept analysis to clarify the meaning of the term ' @entity221 ' in @entity1 and to identify models of @entity221 -related belief that may help in understanding the response of parents and professionals to @entity221 in @entity1 . BACKGROUND: This concept analysis was undertaken because the approach to the treatment of @entity221 varies widely and in particular that there is often a difference between what parents want for their @entity1 , official guidelines and what professionals do in practice. DESIGN: Concept analysis. METHODS: The study used a modified evolutionary method of concept analysis. The analysis was based on data from medical, nursing, popular and biological literature and used an iterative process to clarify the term. RESULTS: Fever has a number of distinct uses based on its meaning and history; these include its use to indicate an illness itself, as a beneficial symptom associated with disease, and a diagnostic sign. Three models of @entity221 -related practice emerged from the analysis, these being a phobic-fearful approach that drives routine treatment, a scientific approach that sees @entity221 as a potentially adaptive and beneficial response and a scientific but pragmatic approach that recognises potential benefit but results in treatment anyway. These different uses, which are often not clarified, go some way to explaining the different approaches to its treatment. CONCLUSIONS: When parents, clinicians, physiologists and guideline writers discuss @entity221 , they attribute different meanings to it, which may go some way to explaining the dissonance between theory and practice. In the absence of new knowledge, the emphasis of practitioners should therefore be on their safe use. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE: When discussing the meaning and treatment of @entity221 , it is important to understand what is meant in different circumstances. The models of @entity221 -related beliefs outlined here may go some way to helping this process.

title: Fever in XXXX - a concept analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In normal conditions, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the main cells that respond to bacteria that reach lower airways. However, if the microbial inoculum is too high or too virulent to be stopped by AM alone, these cells recruit polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the alveoli from the vascular compartment. Cytokines, such as @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity1356 (IL-beta), @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and @entity687 ( @entity687 ), secreted by the AM are able to attract PMN enhanced for phagocytosis, ready to destroy the invading pathogens. However, excessive cytokine production has deleterious effects, with a systemic inflammatory response ( @entity295 ) that can lead to multiorganic failure and @entity204 . Other cytokines, such as @entity688 ( @entity688 ) balance this response, attenuating several inflammatory mechanisms. The inflammatory lung response in @entity55 has been well studied in animals, and more recently in @entity1 , using bronchoalveolar lavage to measure some inflammatory mediators ( @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 ). From these studies, it seems that: 1) the inflammatory response to @entity55 is compartmentalized for most cytokines (in contrast to @entity649 ( @entity649 )), except for @entity650 which is a general marker of @entity32 . On the other hand, C-reactive-protein is an acute-phase protein synthesized by the liver through the stimulus of @entity650 that may also be an easy-to-measure marker of @entity32 that is directly related to @entity650 ; 2) some of these cytokines may be useful as prognostic indices; 3) there is no clear relationship between the local lung bacterial burden and the intensity of the inflammatory response; and 4) the administration of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) is a promising therapeutic approach that is still under clinical investigation. In the future, it is probable that the therapeutic goal in severe @entity55 will be to find the exact point at which @entity32 is beneficial but not deleterious. The measurement of the inflammatory response may serve for this purpose.

title: Lung inflammatory response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'adult respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to examine the correlation between information obtained from @entity1 before endoscopy and histopathological findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One thousand, five hundred and thirty-six @entity1 underwent @entity1729 between January 2011-September 2012, without distinction of age and sex were included in the study. @entity1 with @entity1109 , @entity2210 , @entity158 , @entity354 were recorded. Tissue samples taken for histopathological examination and @entity1534 screening were evaluated by Giemsa stain. The information given by the @entity1 and histopathological findings were comparatively evaluated. RESULTS: Six hundred and twenty-four @entity1 (40.6%) were male and 912 (59.4%) were female. Mean age was 45 years (18-90). @entity1534 was positive in 416 @entity1 with @entity2210 (58.8%), 172 @entity1 with @entity158 (54.4%), 52 @entity1 with GER symptoms (28.3%) and 128 @entity1 with @entity1109 (50.8%). Four @entity1 with @entity2210 (0.6%) and 20 @entity1 with @entity1109 (7.9%) were diagnosed with @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The main factor should be considered as the presence of at least one of the @entity1109 when planning an @entity1729 in a @entity1 . In the presence of at least one of the @entity1109 , an @entity1729 should be performed regardless of age. Under the age of 50 and for @entity1 without @entity1109 , medical treatment can be tried before performing @entity1729 . @entity1 with GER symptoms but not diagnosed as @entity354 , should be treated long-term even when symptoms decline with initial treatment.

title: Symptom-histopathology relation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['alarm symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'reflux esophagitis']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['upper GI endoscopy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study validated the 2002 edition of the TNM staging system in a multicenter, multinational European series of localized @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: The authors analyzed the clinical data of 2217 @entity1 who had undergone radical or partial nephrectomy for localized @entity1358 in 7 urologic centers. RESULTS: In the current study, 1065 @entity1 (48%) were classified as having pT1a disease, 771 (34.8%) were classified as having pT1b disease, and 381 (17.2%) were classified as having pT2 disease. @entity5 histotype was conventional @entity1358 in 1886 @entity1 (85%), papillary in 182 (8.2%) @entity1 , chromophobe in 64 (2.9%) @entity1 , and unclassified in 85 (3.8%) @entity1 . The mean follow-up time was 65.36 +/- 52.09 months. The 5 and 10-year disease-specific survival probabilities were 95.3% and 91.4% in @entity1 with pT1a disease, 91.4% and 83.4% in @entity1 with pT1b disease, and 81.6% and 75.2% in @entity1 with pT2 disease (log-rank test P value = 0.0000). The disease-specific survival rates of @entity1 with pT1a @entity1358 were significantly higher than those recorded in @entity1 with pT1b and pT2 @entity1358 . Similarly, the disease-specific survival probabilities of @entity1 with pT1b @entity1358 were significantly better than those of @entity1 with pT2 @entity1358 . Analyzing the seven series individually, the 2002 TNM staging system provided appropriate stratification for only one series. The 2002 TNM staging system allowed significant stratification of the @entity5 -related outcomes in the subgroup of @entity1 with conventional @entity1358 but not in those with @entity1377 . CONCLUSIONS: The application of the 2002 TNM staging system in the current multicenter series enabled the authors to demonstrate optimal stratification of @entity1 with localized @entity1358 . Stratifying by @entity5 histotype, the data coming from the whole group analysis were reconfirmed for clear cell @entity1358 only.

title: Multiinstitutional European validation of the 2002 TNM staging system in conventional and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['papillary localized renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chronic constipation affects more than 17% of the global population worldwide, and up to 50% of @entity1 were outlet obstruction constipation (OOC). @entity1 and the elderly are most likely to be affected, due to female-specific risk factors, such as menopause, parity and multiparity. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of compartment defects in @entity3087 with female outlet obstruction constipation (OOC) by MR defecography. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-six consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with outlet obstruction constipation from October 2009 to July 2011 were included. They were categorized into the following groups: @entity74 only group (27 @entity1 ) and @entity74 plus multi-compartment pelvic disorder group (29 @entity1 ). Relevant measurements were taken at rest, during squeezing and straining. RESULTS: Anismus was significantly more common in the @entity74 group compared to the multi-compartment pelvic disorder group. Conversely, rectocele, rectal prolapse, and descending perineum were significantly more common in the multi-compartment pelvic disorder group compared to the @entity74 group. Of the total 56 OOC @entity1 , 34 (60.7%) exhibited anismus and 38 (67.9%) rectocele. Among the anismus @entity1 , there were 8 @entity1 (23.5%) with combined cystocele, and 6 @entity1 (17.6%) with combined vaginal/cervical prolapse. Among the rectocele @entity1 , there were 23 @entity1 (60.5%) with combined cystocele and 18 @entity1 (47.4%) with combined vaginal/cervical prolapse. With respect to @entity154 , 13 anismus @entity1 (38.2%) were with signal posterior pelvic defects, 4 rectocele @entity1 (10.5%) presented with signal posterior pelvic defects. CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate defecatory propulsion due to outlet obstruction constipation is often associated with multi-compartment pelvic @entity3087 , whereas not about dyssynergic defecation.

title: Association of compartment defects in XXXX with female outlet obstruction constipation (OOC) by dynamic MR defecography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal defects']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal disorder']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['floor disorders', 'anorectal and pelvic floor dysfunction']

answer: @entity3087 :: (MESH:D059952,Disease) :: ['anorectal and pelvic floor dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with @entity1358 and review the literature. METHODS: We reviewed our experience with collecting duct @entity703 . We found 6 cases out of 176 nephrectomies (3.4%), which accounts for one of the largest series reported in the literature. The radiological, histological and immunohistochemical findings are analyzed. RESULTS: The histological and immunohistochemical findings showed a specificity for high molecular weight cytokeratins and Ulex europeaeus but the imaging findings were not distinct from those of other @entity703 . According to the anatomopathological findings, we have classified the @entity1 into three groups with three distinct courses. All @entity1 underwent radical nephrectomy and one @entity1 received adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a subgroup of low grade collecting duct @entity703 with a particularly favorable behavior in two @entity1 of our series. At 56 and 41 months' follow-up, both @entity1 remain disease-free. As reported in the literature, @entity1 with high grade and stage collecting duct @entity703 have a poor outcome. They develop severe complications and die less than one year after the diagnosis, despite adjuvant immunotherapy.

title: [ XXXX . Personal experience and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal collecting duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors', 'carcinoma of the kidney']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Collecting duct carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although balloon angioplasty and stenting are effective in the treatment of @entity583 (M1), reduced coronary flow and distal embolization frequently complicate interventions when @entity715 is present. Adjunctive treatment with mechanical thrombectomy devices was suggested to reduce these complications. METHODS: We evaluated immediate angiographic, in-hospital and 30-day follow-up clinical outcomes of 185 @entity1 with @entity697 and angiographically evident @entity715 who were treated with AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy followed by immediate definitive treatment. RESULTS: Procedural success (residual diameter stenosis <50% and thrombolysis in @entity583 [TIMI] flow >2 after final treatment) was 97%. Rheolytic thrombectomy success was achieved in 7% of @entity1 . Subsequent definitive treatment included stenting in 67% and balloon angioplasty alone in 26% of @entity1 . Final TIMI 3 flow was achieved in 89%. AngioJet treatment resulted in mean @entity715 area reduction from 69.6 mm(2) at baseline to 17.3 mm(2) post-thrombectomy (p<0.001). Procedural complications included distal embolization (7.6%) and perforation (1.1%). Clinical success (procedure success without major in-hospital @entity299 ) rate was 88%, in-hospital mortality - 7.0%. There were no further major adverse events during 30-day follow-up. CONCLUSION: Rheolytic thrombectomy can be performed safely and effectively in @entity1 with @entity697 , allowing for immediate definitive treatment of @entity715 -containing lesions.

title: [Rheolytic thrombectomy with AngioJet catheter during transluminal coronary revascularization in XXXX with @entity583 ].

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although bowel symptoms and complaints are common after radical hysterectomy, the effects of operation on anorectal function are incompletely understood. In this prospective pilot study we evaluated the incidence of bowel symptoms, changes in anorectal physiology, and quality of life after radical hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Eleven @entity1 undergoing radical hysterectomy for @entity5 completed bowel function symptom surveys and @entity5 -specific quality-of-life scales before operation and at 6 weeks and 6 months after operation. The bowel function symptom survey was also repeated at 18 months postoperation. Anorectal manometry, balloon defecation, and pudendal nerve latency tests were performed before the operation and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean age was 45.3 years (range 34 to 56 years), and four of the @entity1 were postmenopausal. Resting and squeeze sphincter pressures, volume of saline infused at first leak, total volume retained, and threshold volume for maximum tolerable volume were all decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after operation. Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency increased (p < 0.05) bilaterally. There were no significant differences in sensory thresholds. At 18 months, two @entity1 reported @entity1142 , six reported @entity322 , and two reported @entity1241 . The total quality-of-life score declined at 6 weeks but then improved significantly by 6 months (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity29 is common after radical hysterectomy. Many @entity1 exhibit manometric and subjective changes compatible with @entity1241 .

title: Anorectal dysfunction after surgical treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['flatus incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage cervical cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: During this enduring, learner-driven, interactive CME webseries, @entity2 specialists will address the science and targeted therapies for the MET pathway in @entity1149 . Over the past decade, research has evolved in the science of identifying targeted biological changes in DNA and individual @entity5 cells. Along with the advanced understanding of @entity2 mutations, has come the development of specific targeted therapies that improve @entity1 outcomes. The first step in treating a @entity1 with @entity2 is proper diagnosis and staging, applying to the principles of personalize medicine. Our current understanding of @entity2 is that of a collection of diseases individualized through specific mutations. This CME activity reviews the role of the pulmonologist and pathologist in proper tissue acquisition and analysis. This new era of personalized medicine and clinical research advances has changed the way clinicians evaluate and treat @entity1 with @entity2 . The data on @entity2 cell mutations and newer targeted therapies have improved the progression free survival and quality of life of @entity2 @entity1 . This CME activity is designed to present a practical overview of recent evidenced based data of MET targeted therapies for @entity1 with @entity2 . As research continues to evolve, we continue to advance our understanding in the science of @entity2 involving the MET pathway. Evidenced based data supporting newer targeted therapeutics provides insight on applying treatment for optimal outcomes. This CME activity will focus on the individualized treatment strategies using practical decision making for @entity1 with MET expression. This activity has been designed to meet the educational needs of medical oncologists, pathologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, pulmonologists, internists, and other healthcare clinicians responsible for the care of @entity1 with @entity2 . Online access:http://www.elseviercme.com/516/.

title: Emerging science and therapies in XXXX : targeting the MET pathway.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anticoagulant-associated @entity137 may exert significant effects on the safety and efficacy of large-volume leukapheresis (LVL) in @entity1 , however, few studies specifically address management of this issue. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy-four consecutive LVL procedures (mean, 4 blood volumes processed) in @entity1 weighing less than or equal to 30 kg (minimum, 10.9 kg) were analyzed. The first 21 procedures were evaluated retrospectively; 11 used heparin alone (Group I) and 10 used heparin plus reduced-dose ACD-A (whole blood to anticoagulant ratio > or =20:1) (Group II). The next 53 procedures were evaluated prospectively and used full-dose ACD-A (whole blood to anticoagulant ratio < or =13:1), intravenous divalent cation prophylaxis and no heparin; 11 used @entity460 alone (Group III) followed by 42 with @entity460 plus @entity1760 (Group IV). RESULTS: Seventy-four LVL (56 PBPC and 18 MNC) collections were performed in 38 subjects. One donor in Group I experienced a significant groin @entity1410 at the site of line placement. One donor each in Groups III and IV had mild paresthesias. Despite a mean @entity1792 infusion rate of 2.6 mg per kg per minute, mean postapheresis serum @entity972 and ionized @entity1760 and @entity460 concentrations in Group IV declined by only 9, 8, and 4 percent, respectively, and stable levels of these variables were maintained 24 hours later. Postapheresis PLT counts declined significantly from baseline preapheresis levels in all groups (mean, 52% decrease). CONCLUSIONS: Use of full-dose @entity1792 anticoagulant with prophylactic intravenous divalent cation infusion offers an effective and safe approach to management of anticoagulant-related @entity137 in @entity1 undergoing LVL.

title: Pediatric large-volume leukapheresis: a single institution experience with heparin versus XXXX -based anticoagulant regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1792 :: (MESH:D019343,Chemical) :: ['citrate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have previously demonstrated that activating autoantibodies to @entity2161 ( @entity2161 ) and M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) facilitate @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity1 with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ). The objectives of this expanded study were to examine the prevalence of @entity2161 , @entity2162 , and M2R autoantibodies in @entity1378 subjects. Sera from 81 @entity1 including 31 with @entity2743 and @entity955 , 36 with @entity2743 and sinus rhythm, 9 with @entity137 , 5 with subacute @entity1374 , and 10 control subjects were examined for these autoantibodies by ELISA. Sera from 20 ELISA-positive @entity2743 subjects, 10 with @entity955 and 10 with sinus rhythm, were assayed for autoantibody bioactivity using cell-based bioassays. In @entity1 with @entity2743 and @entity955 , 45, 65, and 77  % were ELISA positive for @entity2161 , @entity21765 , and @entity2162 autoantibodies, respectively. In @entity1 with @entity2743 and sinus rhythm, 17, 39, and 75  % were ELISA positive for @entity2161 , @entity21765 , and @entity2162 autoantibodies, respectively. @entity2161 and M2R autoantibodies were co-present in 39  % of @entity1 with @entity2743 and @entity955 compared to 14  % in @entity2743 with sinus rhythm (p  =  0.026). @entity1 with @entity137 or subacute @entity1374 had a low prevalence of autoantibodies. The mean @entity2161 and M2R autoantibody activity was elevated in both @entity2743 groups but higher in those with @entity955 than those with sinus rhythm. @entity2162 autoantibody activity was also increased in both groups. In conclusion, @entity2161 , @entity2162 , and M2R autoantibodies were elevated in @entity2743 . @entity2161 and M2R autoantibodies appear to be related to concurrent @entity955 , while @entity2162 autoantibodies were equally prevalent in those with a @entity7129 and those with @entity955 .

title: Activating autoantibodies to the b1/2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors associate with atrial tachyarrhythmias in XXXX with @entity1378 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity2161 :: ('153', 'Gene') :: ['b1-adrenergic receptor', 'b1AR']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity21765 :: ('p|SUB|M|2|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M2R']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The present investigation evaluates the circadian rhythm of @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) in subjects with kidney (KTS) or heart ( @entity7387 ) transplantation undergoing conventional therapy with @entity229 and @entity205 . RAAS circadian rhythmicity has been compared with the circadian cycle of @entity701 as a marker rhythm. The chronobiological exploration has been performed by measuring the circulating levels of plasma @entity916 activity (PRA), plasma @entity1369 (PA), and serum @entity1289 (SACE) and plasma @entity701 (PC) in serial samplings collected six times over a 24-h span. Time-qualified levels of plasma @entity205 (CYCL) have been established. The control group consisted of 10 normal subjects matching in age and sex. Individual data series were analysed by the Cosinor method. The chronobiometric estimates demonstrate the lack of a circadian rhythmicity for PRA, PA and SACE in KTS and @entity7387 . The PC circadian rhythm is demonstrable in KTS, but not in @entity7387 . The abolition of the RAAS circadian rhythm in both KTS and @entity7387 seems to be attributable to the effects exerted by CYCL. The disappearance of the PC circadian rhythm may be due to the @entity229 therapy that is administered twice a day in @entity7387 but not in KTS. The asynchronous effects of this drug lead us to suggest that antirejection therapy may be optimized by administering @entity229 and @entity205 according to a chronomodulated scheme.

title: [Circadian rhythm of the @entity916 -angiotensin- XXXX system in subjects with kidney and heart transplants].

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting-enzyme']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1320 are a substantial clinical problem and an important cause of morbidity and @entity204 in the hospital. Optimal treatment requires both source control and antibiotic therapy. Sequential intravenous (IV) to oral therapy may improve @entity1 convenience and reduce total health care costs. In this randomized, double-blind trial, the efficacy of sequential IV-to-oral @entity2177 plus @entity868 was compared with @entity2756 plus @entity868 in adult @entity1 with @entity1320 . METHODS: The trial enrolled 531 @entity1 , who began with IV therapy. @entity1 who improved clinically were switched to oral therapy on day three or later. The clinical and bacteriological responses four to six weeks after the end of therapy and the safety of the two regimens were assessed. To maintain blinding, the @entity1 received placebo IV in the @entity2177 group or placebo orally in the @entity2756 group. A total of 475 @entity1 (235 @entity2177 plus @entity868 , 240 @entity2756 plus @entity868 ) were valid for evaluation of efficacy. All @entity1 were included in the safety analysis. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 valid for efficacy, 78% of the @entity2177 plus @entity868 group and 81% of the @entity2756 plus @entity868 group were eligible for a switch to oral therapy. The clinical success rates were 98.9% and 96.9%, respectively, which were statistically equivalent. The clinical success rates for all @entity1 , including those on continuous IV therapy, were 90.6% and 87.9%. Source control was achieved in more than 90% of the @entity1 . The bacteriological eradication rates were similar in the two groups. Bacterial complications (e.g., surgical site infections, abscesses) were encountered more often in the @entity2756 plus @entity868 group. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential @entity2177 plus @entity868 IV-to-oral therapy was statistically equivalent to @entity2756 plus @entity868 . The switch to oral therapy with @entity2177 plus @entity868 was as effective and safe as continued IV therapy in @entity1 able to tolerate enteral feeding.

title: Comparison of sequential intravenous/oral @entity2177 plus @entity868 with intravenous XXXX plus @entity868 for treatment of @entity1320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['Intra-abdominal infections', 'complicated intra-abdominal infections']

answer: @entity2756 :: (MESH:D002443,Chemical) :: ['ceftriaxone']


abstract: A 45-year-old female presented with upper @entity490 . Ultrasound and CECT both showed a mass in the pancreatic head and uncinate process suggestive of @entity189 of the head of the pancreas. A Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy was carried out. Microscopic examination showed numerous epithelioid cell @entity738 in the pancreas infiltrating the duodenal mucosa. No evidence of @entity5 was seen. Acid fast bacilli were positive. The @entity1 was started on anti-tubercular therapy. Cases of isolated @entity788 are very rare and can mimic @entity3123 clinically and radiologically. A differential diagnosis of @entity788 must be made in a @entity1 presenting with a pancreatic mass and the @entity1 must be thoroughly investigated to confirm or rule out @entity5 or @entity378 . We herein present a case of primary @entity788 and discuss the clinicopathological features of this condition. We have also proposed an algorithm for the management of @entity1 presenting with a pancreatic mass and a clinical suspicion of @entity788 .

title: Primary @entity788 masquerading as a XXXX leading to Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy. A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumor']


abstract: Degeneration of the intervertebral disc is clinically considered to be an important source of @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity1643 . @entity1797 may influence the nervous system by stimulation of nociceptors in the anulus fibrosus, causing nociceptive @entity158 that is often referred to as @entity158 . The stimulation of the nociceptors may be of mechanical or inflammatory origin. Deterioration of a disc with loss of normal structure and weight-bearing properties may lead to abnormal motions that cause mechanical stimulation. This theory is supported by the fact that @entity1 commonly experience an increase in @entity158 with weight-bearing and certain movements. In addition, an ingrowth of vessels and nerve fibers into deeper layers of the anulus fibrosus has been observed in degenerated discs. A large number of inflammatory and signaling substances, such as @entity5 @entity39 factor and interleukins ( @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity687 ), may also play a role in the development of @entity615 . Independent of stimulus of the nociceptors, the @entity158 impulses are conducted through myelinated A delta fibers and unmyelinated C fibers to the dorsal root ganglion and continue by way of the spinothalamic tract to the thalamus and the somatosensory cortex. In response to stimulation of the nociceptors in the disc, the somatosensory system may increase its sensitivity, resulting in a nonfunctional response; that is, normally innocuous stimuli may generate an amplified response (peripheral sensitization). When @entity1797 leads to a disc herniation, the adjacent nervous system structures, such as the nerve roots or the dorsal root ganglion, can be affected, causing @entity9 of mechanical or biochemical origin. Disc deterioration also influences other spinal structures, such as facet joints, ligaments, and muscles, which can also become @entity158 generators. Thus, @entity1797 may be responsible for the development of chronic @entity1643 without being the actual @entity158 focus. Both nociceptive and @entity9 can be modulated at higher centers, both at the spinal and the supraspinal levels (central sensitization). The altered magnitude of perceived @entity158 is often referred to as neural plasticity and is considered to play a critical role in the evolution of @entity1118 . Together with the @entity3002 and @entity158 modulation mechanisms, psychological aspects may also play a role in the response of the nervous system in @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 caused by @entity1797 .

title: Pathology and possible mechanisms of nervous system response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['Disc deterioration and/or degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['complexity of the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'discogenic pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']