abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4340 is a relatively rare disease. Many cases present atypical clinical characteristics. @entity4340 can be primary or secondary to @entity344 and in developed countries most of these abscesses are of non-tuberculous aetiology. A high index of clinical suspicion, the past and recent history of the @entity1 and imaging studies can be helpful in diagnosing the disease. Early treatment with drainage, surgery or appropriate antibiotic therapy is necessary before the sepsis becomes lethal. The purpose of the study was to present five cases with iliopsoas abscesses based on the rarity of this clinical entity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five cases with @entity4340 , treated during the past 10 years were analysed retrospectively, with emphasis on the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the disease. RESULTS: Three out of five cases were primary abscesses; one was of tuberculous aetiology and one secondary to bowel perforation due to a @entity5 . @entity794 was the main bacterium in primary abscesses. Percutaneous drainage with administration of appropriate antibiotics was the main treatment. The @entity4340 was treated successfully with surgery. Owing to long-standing septic and atypical symptoms before admission, one case had a lethal course, despite the early hospital diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The aetiology of @entity4340 can vary, disposing to a high index of suspicion. Imaging studies can confirm the diagnosis early, and differentiation between primary and secondary type determines the most appropriate kind of treatment.

title: Iliopsoas abscesses: diagnostic, aetiologic and therapeutic approach in five XXXX with a literature review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4340 :: ('MESH:D016659', 'Disease') :: ['iliopsoas abscess', 'secondary psoas abscess', 'Iliopsoas abscess']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and genitourinary infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 with chronic, incapacitating upper @entity490 after cholecystectomy had excision of the common wall between the terminal bile duct and duct of Wirsung (ampullary septum). Twenty-two also had a sphincteroplasty: six had had this procedure previously. Pancreatic function studies, scintiscans, ultrasound and pancreatograms were non-diagnositic. @entity12828 was an uncommon finding. Eight @entity1 were found to have evidence of mild @entity788 at exploration. There was gross scarring of the ampullary septum in 22 cases. Histologic examination revealed @entity32 in 12 septa; the degree of @entity82 could not be assessed since 14 control septa from autopsy material free from biliary tract disease revealed a comparable degree of collagen and smooth muscle. There were no deaths, and minimal morbidity. In follow-up from seven to 59 months (mean = 26), 16 @entity1 are relatively free of @entity158 , five have occasional episodes which require non-narcotic analgesics, and seven have gained no relief from the operative procedure. A randomized controlled trial is recommended.

title: Transampullary septectomy for post-cholecystectomy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperamylasemia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Mathematical principles of reinforcement (MPR; Killeen, 1994) is a quantitative model of operant behavior that contains three parameters representing motor capacity (delta), motivation (a), and short term memory (lambda). The present study applied MPR to characterize the effects of bilateral infusions of @entity2955 into the substantia nigra pars compacta in the @entity35 , a model of @entity191 . @entity35 were trained to lever press under a 5-component fixed-ratio (5, 15, 30, 60, and 100) schedule of food reinforcement. @entity35 were tested for 15 days prior to @entity935 lesions and again for 15 days post-lesion. To characterize functional loss relative to lesion size, @entity35 were grouped according to the extent and the degree of lateralization of their @entity935 loss. Response rates decreased as a function of @entity935 depletion, primarily at intermediate ratios. MPR accounted for 98% of variance in pre- and post-lesion response rates. Consistent with reported disruptions in motor behavior induced by dopaminergic lesions, estimates of delta increased when @entity935 was severely depleted. There was no support for different estimates of a based on pre- and post-lesion performance of any lesion group, suggesting that @entity935 loss has negligible effects on incentive motivation. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of combining operant techniques with a theoretical model to better understand the effects of a neurochemical manipulation.

title: Modeling operant behavior in the XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinsonian']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although 5-year survival approaches 55% following resection of @entity14 , most @entity1 develop recurrent disease that is often isolated to the liver. Although repeat @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ) is increasingly performed for recurrent @entity14 , only small series have been reported. We sought to determine safety and efficacy of repeat @entity2045 for recurrent @entity14 as well as determine factors predictive of survival in a large multicenter cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: Between 1982 and 2008, 1,706 @entity1 who underwent @entity2045 --defined as curative intent hepatic resection/radiofrequency ablation (RFA)--for @entity14 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. Two hundred forty-six (14.4%) @entity1 underwent 301 repeat @entity2045 . Data on clinico-pathologic factors, morbidity, and mortality were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Following initial @entity2045 , 645 (37.8%) @entity1 had recurrence within the liver. Of these, 246 @entity1 underwent repeat @entity2045 for recurrent disease. The majority had hepatic resection alone as initial therapy (n = 219; 89.0%). A subset of @entity1 underwent third (n = 46) or fourth (n = 9) repeat @entity2045 . Mean interval between surgeries was similar (first --> second, 19.1 months; second --> third, 21.5 months; third --> fourth, 11.3 months; P = 0.20). Extent of hepatic resection decreased with subsequent @entity2045 (>or=hemihepatectomy: first @entity2045 , 30.9% versus second @entity2045 , 21.1% versus third/fourth @entity2045 , 16.4%; P = 0.004). RFA was utilized in one quarter of @entity1 undergoing repeat @entity2045 (second @entity2045 , 21.1% versus third/fourth @entity2045 , 25.5%). Mortality and morbidity were similar following second, third, and fourth @entity2045 , respectively (all P > 0.05). Five-year survival was 47.1%, 32.6%, and 23.8% following the first, second, and third @entity2045 , respectively. @entity99 was predictive of worse survival (HR = 2.26, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Repeat @entity2045 for recurrent @entity14 can be performed with low morbidity and near-zero mortality. @entity1 with no extra-hepatic disease are best candidates for repeat @entity2045 . In these @entity1 , repeat @entity2045 can offer the chance of long-term survival.

title: Repeat curative intent liver surgery is safe and effective for recurrent XXXX : results from an international multi-institutional analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['curative intent surgery', 'CIS']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Presence of extra-hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastasis']


abstract: Eleven cases of @entity242 in @entity4261 are presented, together with an extensive review of the literature. These @entity5 are rare but not exceptional, and mostly affect male subjects in the seventh decade of life. The sites most frequently affected are the pelvis, femur and humerus. In 30 per cent of cases these @entity5 are multifocal. Radiographically the lesions are nearly always osteolytic. The radiographic diagnosis may, however, be quite difficult, especially in the presence of the severe (but benign) @entity75 that sometimes occur in @entity4261 . Morphologically these @entity5 are mostly highly polymorphic @entity242 . The cases in this series were diagnosed histologically as @entity421 , grade 3 @entity1492 , and @entity1418 ; but there are no prognostic differences between the various histological types. The prognosis is very serious, only about 3 per cent of @entity1 surviving for five years from the time of diagnosis. Therapy, unfortunately nearly always palliative, is based on amputation or disarticulation after sections biopsy in cases where the disease is localised to the limbs, and on radiotherapy in cases not amenable to surgery.

title: @entity242 in XXXX (11 cases).

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteolyic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease of bone", "Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease']


abstract: A 30-year-old nulliparous @entity1 was seen for a detailed ultrasound scan at 20 weeks of gestation. The scan revealed a male fetus with truncus arteriosus, @entity1757 , absent thymus and sacral meningomyelocele. A 46,XY karyotype with a 22q11 deletion was detected. The parents chose to terminate the pregnancy. The pathological autopsy showed normal facial structures, minimal @entity2554 in the brain and a sacral meningomyelocele. @entity3928 and a left @entity1848 were also noted. An aplastic thymus with absent parathyroid glands was detected. The cardiac examination was consistent with the ultrasound diagnosis. The parental karyotypes were both normal. @entity31357 is caused by a chromosome 22q11 deletion. It includes sacral meningomyelocele and conotruncal @entity299 , unlike @entity2418 . Obstetricians should consider this a not so rare entity when they detect conotruncal abnormalities and a meningomyelocele as part of a 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of a 22q11 deletion in a second-trimester fetus with XXXX , @entity31357 .

entities_list: @entity31357 :: ('MESH:C537223', 'Disease') :: ['Kousseff syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['Overlapping toes']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['membranous ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['DiGeorge syndrome']

answer: @entity2418 :: (MESH:D004062,Disease) :: ['conotruncal anomaly']


abstract: Although islet transplantation is an effective treatment for @entity164 1 @entity6 , primary engraftment failure contributes to suboptimal outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that islet isolation and transplantation activate innate immunity through TLR expressed on islets. @entity19 islets constitutively express @entity8932 and @entity1990 , and TLR activation with peptidoglycan or @entity558 upregulates islet production of cytokines and chemokines. Following transplantation into @entity3839 -induced @entity6 , syngeneic @entity19 , islets exposed to @entity558 or peptidoglycan had primary graft failure with intra- and peri-islet mononuclear cell @entity32 . The use of knockout @entity19 showed that recipient CD8(+) T cells caused engraftment failure and did so in the absence of islet-derived DC. To mimic physiological islet injury, islets were transplanted with exocrine debris. Transplantation of @entity26789 (-/-) islets reduced proinflammatory cytokine production and improved islet survival. Stressed islets released the alarmin @entity8919 ( @entity8919 ) and recombinant @entity8919 ( @entity22520 ) induced NFkB activation. NFkB activation was prevented in the absence of both @entity8932 and @entity1990 . @entity22520 pretreatment also prevented primary engraftment through a @entity26789 -dependent pathway. Our results show that islet graft failure can be initiated by @entity8932 and @entity1990 signaling and suggest that @entity8919 is one likely early mediator. Subsequent downstream signaling results in intra-islet @entity32 followed by T-cell-mediated graft destruction.

title: Islet-expressed @entity8932 and XXXX sense injury and mediate early graft failure after transplantation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8919 :: ('15289(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['high-mobility group box protein 1', 'HMGB1']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

answer: @entity1990 :: (21898(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TLR4']


abstract: Objective. To know the characteristics of endoscopic laryngeal and pharyngeal abnormalities in Japanese @entity1 with @entity8823 ( @entity8823 ). Methods. A total of 146 endoscopic images of the larynx and pharynx (60 pairs for the @entity7619 group and 13 pairs for the control group) were presented to 15 otolaryngologists blinded to @entity1 information and were scored according to several variables potentially associated with @entity8823 . The median value of the 15 scores for each item from each image was obtained. The mean pretreatment scores of each item and total score were assessed in both @entity7619 and control groups. In the @entity7619 group, the endoscopic findings before and after the 4-week treatment with @entity7619 were compared. Changes between corresponding duration in the control group were also evaluated. Results. The median and mean pretreatment total score was 3 and 3.02, respectively, from the 73 @entity1 with @entity8823 . No significant differences were observed before and after treatment in either the @entity7619 or control groups for any item or total score. In 24 @entity1 with a high pretreatment score (total score >=  4) from the @entity7619 group, significant decreases in scores for "thick endolaryngeal mucous" (0.54 to 0.17, P = 0.017) and total (4.77 to 3.58, P = 0.0003) were observed after the 4-week treatment.

title: Endoscopic laryngeal findings in Japanese @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['LPRS', 'laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms', 'laryngopharyngeal reflux']

entities_list: @entity7619 :: ('MESH:C063129', 'Chemical') :: ['rabeprazole']

answer: @entity8823 :: (MESH:D057045,Disease) :: ['laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Gastric and intestinal phenotypic cell markers are expressed in @entity356 , irrespective of their histologic type. In the present study, we determined the clinicopathologic significance of phenotypic marker expression in early-stage @entity356 and the association between marker expression and genetic alterations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Phenotypic marker expression was determined by examining the expressions of @entity1 @entity5089 (HGM), @entity21826 , @entity5091 , and @entity2282 in 63 @entity652 , 133 early @entity189 , and 24 follow-up cases with @entity652 . @entity5 were classified into gastric, gastric and intestinal mixed, or intestinal phenotypes according to the immunopositivity of the above markers. The presence of mutations in @entity1412 , @entity984 , and @entity876 and the microsatellite instability status were also determined in all @entity5 . RESULTS: The expressions of HGM and @entity21826 , representing gastric or gastric and intestinal mixed phenotypes, were significantly associated with high-grade atypia in the 63 @entity652 . Among the 133 early @entity189 , HGM expression was significantly associated with mixed-type (with an undifferentiated-type component) @entity5 and lymph node @entity3 . @entity5091 expression was inversely associated with @entity3 . A multivariate analysis revealed that @entity652 were significantly associated with the intestinal phenotype and were inversely associated with @entity876 mutation compared with early @entity189 . Among all 196 @entity5 , @entity1412 mutation was significantly associated with @entity2282 expression and the intestinal phenotype and was inversely associated with the expressions of HGM and @entity21826 . The microsatellite instability status was significantly associated with @entity21826 expression. Malignant transformation from @entity652 to @entity189 was shown in 5 of the 24 follow-up cases of @entity652 . The malignant transformation was significantly associated with the gastric and intestinal mixed phenotype and was inversely associated with @entity1412 mutation. No malignant transformation was found in intestinal phenotype @entity652 with @entity1412 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Our present findings show that phenotypic marker expression is associated with @entity5 aggressiveness during the early stage of @entity356 . Differences in the biological behavior of @entity5 with different phenotypes may result from differences in the genetic backgrounds during the incipient phase of gastric tumorigenesis.

title: Gastric and intestinal phenotypic marker expression in early XXXX of the stomach: clinicopathologic significance and genetic background.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenoma', 'gastric adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['differentiated-type carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'submucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric differentiated-type tumors', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['differentiated-type tumors']


abstract: Voluntary visual spatial attention can be allocated in a goal-oriented manner to locations containing behaviorally relevant information. In contrast, involuntary attention is automatically captured by salient events. Allocation of attention is known to be modulated by release of the neurotransmitter @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in cerebral cortex. We used an anti-predictive spatial cueing task to assess the effects of pharmacological enhancement of cholinergic transmission on behavioral measures of voluntary and involuntary attention in healthy @entity1 @entity1 . Each trial began with the presentation of a cue in a peripheral location. In 80% of the trials, a target then appeared in a location opposite the cue. In the remaining 20% of trials, the target appeared in the cue location. For trials with short stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between cue and target, involuntary capture of attention resulted in shorter reaction times (RTs) to targets presented at the cue location. For long SOA trials, allocation of @entity71 resulted in the opposite pattern: RTs were shorter when the target appeared in the expected (opposite) location. Each subject participated in two sessions: one in which the cholinesterase inhibitor @entity8124 was administered to increase synaptic @entity1617 levels and one in which placebo was administered. Donepezil selectively improved performance (reduced @entity138 ) for long SOA trials in which targets appeared in the expected location. Thus, cholinergic enhancement augments the @entity71 but does not affect involuntary attention, suggesting that they rely on different neurochemical mechanisms.

title: Cholinergic enhancement increases the effects of XXXX but does not affect involuntary attention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary attention', 'benefits of voluntary attention']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['voluntary attention']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical features of @entity75 and to further characterize recommendations for its therapy strategy. METHODS: It was a retrospective case sires. Retrospective analyze the clinical characteristics, imaging features, pathological manifestation and the treatment effect from the clinical materials of 9 cases of @entity1 with @entity75 presenting to Tianjin Eye Hospital from Jan 2006 to Dec 2007. RESULTS: The 9 cases, in which 7 cases were female, 7 cases had lesions on both eyes, demonstrated unpainful swelling of the lacrimal glands and in different degree of salivary glands or had history of @entity5 resection of salivary glands. Orbital CT scanning showed increased homogeneous density with clear boundary in the lacrimal gland area. Color doppler ultrasonography displayed elliptical space occupying with clear boundary and homogeneous internal echos of the lacrimal gland area. Six @entity1 received treatment with large dose of glucocorticoid for 1 - 2 courses, and the symptoms and signs were significantly alleviated. Three @entity1 were operated to excise the lacrimal gland masses due to imperfect treatment effect of medication or in order to make definite diagnosis. The postoperative pathological results supported the diagnosis of @entity75 . No recurrence happened in the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A clinical condition with swelling of either or both lacrimal gland and of any salivary gland, and accompanied with @entity262 should be considered @entity75 . Imaging examinations are helpful to definite diagnosis. Most @entity1 are sensitive to the glucocorticoid treatment. The dose of glucocorticoid should be large at the beginning of treatment. Surgical excision can be applied to the cases insensitive to medications or difficult to be diagnosed. The definite diagnosis should be made through pathological examinations.

title: [Clinical features and therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['benign lymphoepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic relative diseases']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['benign lymphoepithelial lesion']


abstract: In North-East Estonia, considerable amounts of toxicants (e.g. @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ), @entity11572 , heavy metals) leach into water bodies through discharges from the oil-shale industry. In addition, natural and anthropogenic @entity519 events in water bodies affect the health of aquatic organisms. Here we report a study on the combined effects of contaminated sediment and @entity519 on the physiology of @entity26727 (Carssius auratus gibelio). We conducted a laboratory exposure study that involved exposure to polluted sediments from oil-shale industries (River Purtse) and sediments from a relatively clean environment (River Selja), together with sediments spiked with @entity2556 . The @entity26 content (saturation vs. @entity519 (< 2 mg/L)) was changed to reflect @entity519 . A multi-biomarker approach was chosen to enable the combined effects to be assessed comprehensively and integratively. We used HPLC to measure the @entity2556 concentration in sediment and fish muscle, fixed wavelength fluorescence (FF) analyses to indicate the presence of @entity2556 metabolites in fish bile, and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes as markers of geno- and cyto- @entity137 ; and we monitored the change in body condition and measured EROD activity to indicate CYP1A induction. High levels of @entity2556 conjugates in fish bile were found in the group exposed to the Purtse River sediment under @entity519 . The results suggested that induction of the CYP1A gene was modulated by @entity519 as well as by heavy metals. We found a correlation between several erythrocyte abnormalities (8-shaped nuclei and blebbed nuclei) and @entity2556 metabolite content in fish. In conclusion, a measurable effect of pollution from the oil-shale industry on fish health parameters was clear under different @entity26 levels.

title: Biomarkers of effects of XXXX and oil-shale contaminated sediments in laboratory-exposed @entity26727 ( @entity26727 ).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Modern radiotherapy has achieved substantial improvement in @entity5 control and @entity137 rates by escalating the total dose to the target volume while sparing surrounding normal tissues. It has therefore become necessary to precisely track @entity5 position in order to minimise geometrical uncertainties due to setup errors and organ motion. We conducted this prospective evaluation of @entity263 @entity1 treated with image-guided conformal radiation therapy at our institution. We implanted three fiducial markers (gold seeds) within the prostatic gland in order to quantify daily target displacements and to generate specific margins around the clinical target volume (CTV) to create an appropriate planned target volume ( @entity343 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April and December 2009, ten @entity1 affected with @entity263 were transrectally implanted with three radio-opaque markers. Each @entity1 underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan for planning purposes following proper bladder and rectum preparation. During treatment two orthogonal images were acquired daily and compared with previously generated digitally reconstructed radiographs. After manual localisation, comparison between the position of the gold seeds on the portal and reference images was carried out, and a set of extrapolated lateral-lateral (LL), anterior-posterior (AP) and cranial-caudal (CC) shift corrections was calculated and recorded. Couch corrections were applied with a threshold of 3 mm displacement. RESULTS: Systematic and random errors for each direction were calculated either as measured according to displacement of the gold seeds prior to any couch movement and after couch position correction according to the radio-opaque markers. For skin marks, mean systematic and random errors were 0.12+2.94 mm for LL, 1.04+3.37 mm for AP, -1.14+2.71 mm for CC, whereas for seed markers, mean and systematic errors were 0.6+1.5 mm for LL, 0.51+2.45 mm for AP and -0.25+2.51 mm for CC. A scatter plot generated on all measurements after couch repositioning according to gold-seed displacement suggested a confidence range of shift distributions within 5 mm for LL, 8 mm for CC, and 7 mm for AP. The total systematic and random components were then used to calculate proper @entity343 in @entity1 receiving conventional treatment (7 mm for LL and 9 mm for both AP and CC). CONCLUSIONS: Prostate positional variability during a course of radiation treatment is strongly influenced by setup and organ motion. Organ tracking through fiducial markers and electronic portal imaging is able to reduce the spread of displacements, significantly contributing to improve the ballistic precision of radiation delivery.

title: Tracking target position variability using intraprostatic fiducial markers and electronic portal imaging in XXXX radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localised prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are at high risk of @entity1211 , manifesting as @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 . The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity14242 15  mg once daily (o.d.) for preventing @entity1150 in @entity1 undergoing TKA. METHODS: Three hundred @entity1 undergoing primary TKA under general anaesthesia for @entity571 were enrolled in this study: 100 treated with @entity2120 2,000  IU twice daily (b.i.d.), 100 treated with fondaparinux 1.5  mg o.d. and 100 treated with @entity14242 15  mg o.d.. All treatments were scheduled to continue for 14  days. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1150 in @entity1 treated with @entity14242 15  mg o.d. was lower than in @entity1 with @entity2120 2,000  IU b.i.d. and fondaparinux 1.5  mg o.d.. D-dimer levels were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity14242 than in @entity1 with @entity2120 and fondaparinux 1.5  mg o.d. on the first postoperative day;   Hb levels were lower in @entity1 with @entity14242 than in @entity1 with @entity2120 and fondaparinux on postoperative days, However, the difference was not statistically significant. Finally, the incidence of @entity409 was lower in @entity1 with @entity14242 than in @entity1 with @entity2120 and fondaparinux. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14242 15  mg o.d. was more efficient than @entity2120 2,000  IU b.i.d. and fondaparinux 1.5  mg o.d.. Furthermore, @entity14242 was safe compared with @entity2120 and fondaparinux. @entity14242 , an orally administered direct @entity6236 ( @entity6236 ) inhibitor, may offer a new option for preventing @entity1150 , with a level of evidence III.

title: Retrospective comparison of three thromboprophylaxis agents, @entity14242 , fondaparinux, and XXXX , for preventing @entity1211 in total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity14242 :: ('MESH:C552171', 'Chemical') :: ['edoxaban', 'Edoxaban']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

answer: @entity2120 :: (MESH:D017984,Chemical) :: ['enoxaparin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2379 ( @entity237 ) is a @entity9413 antibiotic frequently applied in the treatment of @entity364 in spite of its secondary effects. The pH plays a crucial role in modulating biophysical features of ion channels in the bilayer lipid membranes. AIM: In this study, the role of pH in the regulation of @entity237 channel was assessed by single channel recording of ion channel incorporated in the artificial membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilayer lipid membrane was formed by @entity2434 in a 350  m diameter aperture between two chambers, cis and trans contained 200/50 mMKCl solutions, respectively; then @entity237 was incorporated into the bilayer lipid membrane. Single channel recordings were used to indicate the effects of pH changes on @entity237 channels activity. The records were analyzed by Clamp fit 10 software. RESULTS: A kinetic analysis of single channel currents indicated a cation ion channel with 500 pS conductance and voltage-dependence of the open probability of the @entity237 channel (P o). A reduction of cis pH to 6 decreased P o and conductance. This effect was also voltage-dependent, being greater at a more positive above -40. The pH changes in the range of 6-8 had no effect on the reversal potential and ion selectivity. CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that extracellular acidity can reduce @entity237 activity.

title: pH regulation of XXXX channels activity in the bilayer lipid membrane.

entities_list: @entity9413 :: ('CHEBI:48121', 'Chemical') :: ['polyene']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['systemic fungal infections']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A few clinical observations reported that @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) have poor oral health compared to @entity1 without @entity71 . However, evidence is not conclusive. We assess the association between @entity2915 /inattention and oral health in a population-based study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: As part of the ongoing birth cohort studies German @entity1 Nutritional Intervention-plus (GINIplus) and Influences of lifestyle-related factors on the immune system and the development of @entity566 in childhood-plus (LISAplus), 1,126 @entity1 at age 10  years (  10.2) from Munich (Germany) were included in the present analysis. During the dental examination, oral hygiene, non-cavitated and cavitated @entity75 , dental @entity130 , and @entity3760 ( @entity3760 ) in the permanent dentition (MIH/1) were recorded. @entity1 with a Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralization were subcategorized into those with @entity3760 on at least one first permanent molar (MIH/1A), and on at least one first permanent molar and permanent incisor (MIH/1B). Data on @entity1 's @entity2915 /inattention symptoms were collected by parent-reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Logistic regressions and zero-inflated Poisson regression models were applied adjusted for gender, parental education, parental income, and @entity2727 or @entity4678 medication. RESULTS: Logistic regressions showed that non-cavitated @entity75 were positively related with the presence of @entity2915 /inattention (ORadj   =   1.51,CI95%   =   1.08-2.11). When adjusted for parental background, an association showed between @entity2915 /inattention symptoms and MIH/1A but did not reach statistical significance (ORadj   =   1.59,CI95%   =   1.00-2.53). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with borderline and abnormal values of @entity2915 /inattention symptoms showed more non-cavitated @entity75 . Severe levels of @entity2915 /inattention may contribute to a higher risk for MIH/1A in school age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Adequate dental preventive care for @entity1 with @entity2915 /inattention, especially from a low social background, is of importance for optimal caries prevention.

title: Is there a relationship between XXXX /inattention symptoms and poor oral health? Results from the GINIplus and LISAplus study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Infant', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['caries lesions']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity3760 :: ('MESH:D017001', 'Disease') :: ['enamel hypomineralization', 'EH']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity4678 :: ('MESH:C041930', 'Chemical') :: ['atomoxetine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['hyperactivity']


abstract: We report a retrospective analysis of MRI in 206 @entity1 with intractable @entity410 and describe the findings in bilateral @entity3877 ( @entity3877 ) on fast spin-echo (FSE) and fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (fFLAIR) sequences. Criteria for @entity3877 were @entity194 , signal change and loss of the digitations of the head of the hippocampus. In @entity1 with bilateral MRI signs of @entity3877 , correlation with clinical electro, volumetric MRI data and neuropsychological tests, when available, was performed. Bilateral @entity3877 was observed in seven @entity1 . Bilateral loss of the digitations and signal change on fFLAIR was seen in all seven. In three, bilateral @entity194 was obvious. In two @entity1 , mild bilateral @entity194 was observed and in two others, the hippocampi were: asymmetrical, with obvious @entity194 on only one side. Volumetric data confirmed bilateral symmetrical @entity194 in five @entity1 , and volumes were at the lowest of the normal range in the other two. The EEG showed @entity854 in all @entity1 , unilateral in five and bilateral in two. All @entity1 had @entity2414 and neuropsychological data confirmed @entity227 ; two @entity1 failed the Wada test on both sides. High-resolution T2-weighted FSE and fFLAIR sequences allow diagnosis of bilateral @entity3877 , which has important therapeutic and prognostic implications.

title: XXXX : MRI with high-resolution fast spin-echo and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['MTS', 'mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and verbal memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['temporal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity3877 :: (MESH:C566903,Disease) :: ['Bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine risk factors for adverse reactions among @entity1 in hospitals and the possibility of extrinsic or intrinsic contamination of intravenous solutions. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify solutions associated with adverse reactions. Implicated lots were cultured for bacteria, and endotoxin concentrations were measured. SETTING: Five hospitals in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, were investigated from February through March 2002. @entity1 : Surgical inpatients or outpatients receiving intravenous solutions during the study period. RESULTS: Of 355 surgical @entity1 or outpatients treated at hospitals, 28 (8%) developed @entity221 within a mean of 2.5 hours after exposure to intravenous solutions implicated in adverse reactions; 5 (17.9%) of the case @entity1 died. Laboratory testing of bottles from the lots of Ringer's lactate solution implicated in deaths demonstrated a high mean endotoxin concentration of 88.3 endotoxin units (EU)/mL (range, 9.7-298.0 EU/mL), compared with the permitted limit in Brazil of <0.5 EU/mL. Testing of metronidazole implicated in adverse reactions at another hospital and produced by the same company that manufactured the lots Ringer's lactate solution also showed high endotoxin concentrations (mean level, 8.3 EU/mL [range, 5.0-58.3 EU/mL]). The outbreak was controlled after a national recall of the implicated brand of intravenous solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Case @entity1 status was associated with use of Ringer's lactate solution and metronidazole from large bottles, both of which were produced by the same company. High endotoxin concentrations were demonstrated in unopened bottles of implicated products, which is consistent with intrinsic contamination. The high mortality rate may have been compounded by the fact that clinicians administered additional volumes of contaminated 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride solution in response to @entity551 or @entity548 to some surgical @entity1 . No additional case @entity1 were identified after a national recall of products, inspection, closure of the implicated company's manufacturing facility, and establishment of random quality-control testing of intravenous solutions.

title: Pyrogenic reactions and XXXX associated with intrinsic exposure to endotoxin-contaminated intravenous solutions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) is categorized into two major subtypes: @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) and @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ). However, a proportion of @entity1 are electrophysiologically unclassified because of electrophysiological findings that do not fulfil @entity5011 or @entity1897 criteria, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and lesion distributions of unclassified @entity1 are not well defined. The aims of this study are to elucidate disease pathophysiology and lesion distribution in unclassified @entity1 . We retrospectively studied 48 consecutive @entity5011 @entity1 . @entity1 were classified on the basis of initial electrophysiological findings according to Ho's criteria. Clinical and serial electrophysiological examinations of unclassified @entity1 were conducted. Twelve (25  %) @entity5011 @entity1 were unclassified. All unclassified @entity1 were able to walk independently at 21  days after onset. No unclassified @entity1 , except one @entity1 with @entity6 , had sensory nerve involvement. Eight @entity1 underwent a follow-up study within 15  days of the initial study. Distal motor latencies (DMLs) of the left median motor nerve were found to be significantly and uniformly decreased compared with initial studies (p  =  0.008). DMLs (p  <  0.0001) and distal compound action potential (CMAP) durations (p  =  0.002) of all nerves were significantly decreased, and distal CMAP amplitudes (p  =  0.026) significantly increased compared with initial studies. In unclassified @entity5011 @entity1 , DML values during initial electrophysiological studies would be prolonged compared with expected values in the same @entity1 unaffected by @entity5011 and later improve rapidly with @entity101 without the development of excessive temporal dispersions. Lesions are also present in distal nerve segments caused by reversible conduction failure.

title: Serial electrophysiological findings in XXXX not fulfilling @entity5011 or @entity1897 criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased distal CMAP amplitudes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['acute motor axonal neuropathy', 'AMAN']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy', 'AIDP', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: The endothelial-derived relaxing factor is a vasodilator agent that is formed in the vascular endothelium in response to various stimuli. It has been identified as @entity842 (NO). Due to its short half-life the endothelial-derived relaxing factor offers certain analytical problems. We present here a method for quantitative analysis of @entity3542 , the oxidation product of NO, in @entity1 plasma. NO binds strongly to hemoglobin. If the resulting NO-hemoglobin (Hb) complex is subjected to a magnetic field and microwave radiation, a characteristic electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum is obtained. This spectrum is highly specific and its amplitude can be used for quantitative determination of NO in the nanomolar range. Columns of @entity291 Hb covalently bound to agarose were prepared, and an excess amount of @entity6857 was used to ensure that the Hb was reduced to a ferrous, nonoxygenated state. Samples of @entity1 plasma were treated with @entity6857 to convert @entity3542 to @entity842 . They were then passed over the columns, which were subsequently analyzed at 77 degrees K in an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer. As an external standard @entity3542 was used. The amplitude of the spectrum was linear in the range 1-100 nmol. In healthy subjects the venous plasma level of @entity3542 ranged from 0 to 0.6 microM. Following forearm or leg @entity63 the plasma level of @entity3542 increased substantially. These data are the first to demonstrate circulating levels of an index of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor in @entity1 plasma.

title: Detection of endothelial-derived relaxing factor in @entity1 plasma in the basal state and following XXXX using electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6857 :: ('MESH:D004227', 'Chemical') :: ['dithionite']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: @entity1568 excretion is of particular concern on dairy farms, not only because of its effects on water quality, but also because of the subsequent release of gases such as @entity3265 to the atmosphere. To manage N excretion, accurate estimates of @entity8664 (FN) are needed. On commercial farms, directly measuring UN and FN is impractical, meaning that quantification must be based on predictions rather than measured data. The purpose of this study was to use a statistical approach to develop equations and evaluate the Cornell Net @entity1735 and Protein System's (CNCPS) ability to predict N excretion in lactating dairy @entity291 , and to compare CNCPS predictions to other equations in the literature. Urinary N was over-predicted by the CNCPS due to inconsistencies in N accounting within the model that partitioned more N to feces than urine, although predicted @entity644 was reasonable. Data to refine model predictions were compiled from published studies (n=32) that reported total collection N balance results. Considerable care was taken to ensure the data included in the development data set (n=104) accounted for >90% of the N intake (NI). Unaccounted N for the compiled data set was 1.47  4.60% (mean    SD). The results showed that FN predictions could be improved by using a modification of a previously published equation: FN (g/d) = [[NI (g/kg of organic matter)   (1 - 0.842)] + 4.3   organic matter intake (kg/d)]   1.20, which, when evaluated against the compiled N balance data, had a squared coefficient of determination based on a mean study effect R(MP)(2) of 0.73, concurrent correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.83 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 10.38 g/d. Urinary N is calculated in the CNCPS as the difference between NI and other N excretion and losses. Incorporating the more accurate FN prediction into the current CNCPS framework and correcting an internal calculation error considerably improved UN predictions (RMSE=12.73 g/d, R(MP)(2)=0.86, CCC=0.90). The changes to FN and UN translated into an improved prediction of total manure N excretion (RMSE=12.42 g/d, R(MP)(2)=0.96, CCC=0.97) and allows nutritionists and farm advisors to evaluate these factors during the ration formulation process.

title: Development and evaluation of equations in the Cornell Net XXXX and Protein System to predict @entity1568 excretion in lactating dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['total N excretion']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity8664 :: ('MESH:C536108', 'Disease') :: ['urinary N (UN) and fecal N']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: Differences were detectable among strains of the opportunist fungal pathogen @entity54 when @entity12360 ( @entity12360 ) preparations were analysed by combined @entity214 -PAGE and Western blotting procedures. A wide range of molecules of apparent molecular masses from approximately 20 to greater than 100 kDa showed specific binding to antibodies raised in @entity95 to A. fumigatus wall and cytoplasmic components. The ability to bind antibody was markedly reduced by treatment of these antigens with @entity10283 or with specific proteases or glucanases. Pretreatment of blotted antigens with either concanavalin A (ConA) or @entity3505 germ agglutinin (WGA) did not, however, inhibit subsequent antibody binding. The antigens of subfractions prepared from a single strain of A. fumigatus @entity12360 material were also susceptible to periodate oxidation and enzymic hydrolysis. Slight cross-reactivity was apparent when crude preparations of cellular or culture filtrate antigens, used in this laboratory to detect antibodies to @entity5132 , @entity8662 and @entity1327 , were probed with hyperimmune rabbit antisera to A. fumigatus. Efforts were made to characterize the @entity12360 preparations of A. fumigatus, used as diagnostic antigens in many laboratories. The electrophoretically separated antigenic moieties were shown to be predominantly glycoproteins. Binding of cytoplasmic antigens to antibodies raised to wall material showed the presence of many common components in both wall and cytosol. Antiserum to wall components revealed most differentiation among A. fumigatus strains.

title: Immunochemical studies of XXXX fumigatus mycelial antigens by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting techniques.

entities_list: @entity10283 :: ('MESH:C009288', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium periodate']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity8662 :: ('5501', 'Species') :: ['Coccidioides immitis']

entities_list: @entity12360 :: ('MESH:C565532', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'water-soluble']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus']


abstract: In the adult rodent brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) represents a special niche for neural stem cells; these cells proliferate and generate neural progenitors. Most of these migrate along the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. SVZ-derived progenitors can also be recruited spontaneously to damaged brain areas to replace lost cells, including oligodendrocytes in @entity17 . In this study, we searched for factors able to enhance this spontaneous recruitment of endogenous progenitors. Previous studies have suggested that @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ) could stimulate proliferation, migration, and glial differentiation of SVZ progenitors. In the present study we examined @entity6354 influence on endogenous SVZ cell participation to brain repair in the context of @entity17 . We induced a focal @entity17 in the corpus callosum by lysolecithin injection and showed that intranasal @entity20829 ( @entity20829 ) administration induces a significant increase in SVZ cell proliferation together with a stronger SVZ cell mobilization toward the lesions. Besides, @entity20829 causes a shift of SVZ-derived progenitor cell differentiation toward the astrocytic lineage. However, due to the threefold increase in cell recruitment by @entity6354 treatment, the absolute number of SVZ-derived oligodendrocytes in the lesion of treated @entity19 is higher than in controls. These results suggest that enhancing SVZ cell proliferation could be part of future strategies to promote SVZ progenitor cell mobilization toward @entity75 .

title: Intranasal XXXX administration favors adult SVZ cell mobilization to @entity17 in @entity19 corpus callosum.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinated lesions', 'demyelinated lesion']

entities_list: @entity20829 :: ('15200(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['HB-EGF', 'heparin-binding epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

answer: @entity20829 :: (15200(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['HB-EGF']


abstract: A randomized open-label clinical trial was conducted to determine whether mortality, readmission, or quality of life differed between @entity712 @entity1 managed with @entity3371 plus diuretics and those with @entity6838 plus diuretics. A total of 345 @entity712 @entity1 in New York Heart Association functional classes 2 and 3 without @entity955 , @entity1353 of bronchopulmonary origin, or @entity101 not controlled with diuretics was randomized for @entity6838 (n = 175) or @entity3371 (n = 170) treatment and followed up for a median of 4.5 years. Socioeconomic, demographic, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, spirometric, and chest radiograph data were obtained at the initial examination. In a random sample of half the @entity1 , ergometric, echocardiographic, and Holter records were obtained at entry and at 3 and 18 months. @entity1 were followed up for > or = 3 years. The end points were mortality, hospitalization for @entity299 , deterioration in quality of life, worsening of functional class, and need for @entity6838 or @entity3371 in the @entity3371 and @entity6838 groups, respectively. The trial had to be terminated prematurely owing to the difficulty in finding candidates free of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 )-inhibitor treatment. Baseline @entity1 characteristics were similar in both groups. From the clinical point of view, only the 48-month mortality was relevantly lower (20.9 vs. 31.9%, respectively) among @entity1 treated with @entity3371 than that in those receiving @entity6838 (log rank test, p = 0.07). No statistically or clinically relevant differences were found in other end points or adverse effects. The results suggest but do not confirm the hypothesis that @entity3371 treatment in mild to moderate @entity712 might provide better long-term survival than @entity6838 .

title: Long-term results of the Spanish trial on treatment and survival of @entity1 with predominantly mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Two protein isoforms of histone @entity28312 ( @entity28313 ) are found in @entity1 cells. One isoform, @entity28313 .2 is highly concentrated on the heterochromatinized inactive X chromosome (Xi) of female cells. @entity28313 .2 protein is also present in male cells, but fails to form dense concentrations. Another protein isoform, @entity28313 .1, differs from @entity28313 .2 by a single short segment of @entity1522 . In this study, we cloned and characterized the genomic locus of the @entity19 @entity28313 gene and mapped it to chromosome 13. Two alternatively spliced transcripts derived from the @entity28313 locus are responsible for the generation of the two @entity28313 protein isoforms with @entity28313 .2 mRNA being the most abundant spliced form in all tissues examined. The absolute amount of @entity28313 mRNA is similar in male and female cells for most tissues with the exception of testes where it is par-ticularly abundant. Both spliced forms are present in all adult tissues analyzed as well as in female embryonic stem cells. In contrast, male embryonic stem cells expressed @entity28313 .1 at low levels if at all. The relatively abundant expression of @entity28313 in both sexes suggests that @entity28313 has functions in addition to a possible involvement in X chromosome inactivation.

title: Messenger RNAs encoding XXXX histone @entity28312 isoforms are expressed at similar levels in male and female cells and result from alternative splicing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Aggrecan possesses both chondroitin sulfate (CS) and keratan @entity597 (KS) chains attached to its core protein, which reside mainly in the central region of the molecule termed the glycosaminoglycan-attachment region. This region is further subdivided into the KS-rich domain and two adjacent CS-rich domains ( @entity7510 and @entity5804 ). The @entity7510 domain of the @entity1 is unique in exhibiting length polymorphism due to a variable number of tandem @entity535 repeats. The focus of this work was to determine how length polymorphism affects the structure of the @entity7510 domain and whether CS and KS chains can coexist in the different glycosaminoglycan-attachment domains. The @entity7510 domain possesses several @entity535 repeat sequences that divide it into three subdomains. Variation in repeat number may occur in any of these domains, with the consequence that @entity7510 domains of the same length may possess different @entity535 sequences. There was no evidence to support the presence of KS in either the @entity7510 or the @entity5804 domains nor the presence of CS in the KS-rich domain. The structure of the CS chains was shown to vary between the @entity7510 and @entity5804 domains, particularly in the adult, with variation occurring in chain length and the sulfation of the non-reducing terminal @entity10811 residue. CS chains in the adult @entity5804 domain were shorter than those in the @entity7510 domain and possessed disulfated terminal residues in addition to monosulfated residues. There was, however, no change in the sulfation pattern of the disaccharide repeats in the CS chains from the two domains.

title: The glycosaminoglycan attachment regions of XXXX aggrecan.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10811 :: ('CHEBI:28800', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl galactosamine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study was undertaken to clarify whether antihypertensive treatment has any effect on the rate of progression of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity2316 . Six insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 with incipient @entity8 (urinary albumin excretion above 15 micrograms/min and total protein excretion below 0.5 g/24 h) were first given @entity1406 (200 mg daily) with the subsequent addition of @entity35893 . At the start of antihypertensive treatment, mean @entity1 age was 32 +/- 4.2 years ( @entity168 ) and mean duration of @entity6 was 18 +/- 1.2 years. The @entity1 were followed with repeated measurements of urinary albumin excretion for a mean of 5.4 +/- 3.1 years prior to, and for 4.7 +/- 1.3 years ( @entity168 ) during treatment. Mean arterial blood pressure declined significantly during treatment, e.g., the values at 6 months before initiation of treatment being compared with values during the last 6 months of treatment fell from 107 mmHg +/- 7.6 to 93 +/- 3.8 (2p = 1.5%). Albumin excretion decreased from 131.0 micrograms/min X/divided by 2.9 (geometric mean X/divided by tolerance factor) to 41.7 micrograms/min X/divided by 2.9 (2p = 1.2%). Albumin clearance in per cent of glomerular filtration rate decreased from a mean of 0.0030 +/- 0.0019% ( @entity168 ) to 0.0011 +/- 0.0010% (2p = 4.6%). The mean yearly increase in urinary albumin excretion before treatment was 18.0 +/- 17.0% (mean +/- @entity168 ); during treatment urinary albumin excretion decreased 19 +/- 10% per year (2p = 0.7%). No changes were seen in renal plasma flow (516 +/- 31.0 ml/min to 520 +/- 66 ml/min (n = 5)).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antihypertensive treatment: long-term reversal of progression of albuminuria in XXXX . A longitudinal study of renal function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['incipient diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity35893 :: ('MESH:D006857', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroflumethiazide']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['incipient diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to produce a porcine corneal @entity26098 ( @entity26098 ) and assess its possibility for biomedical applications. METHODS: Porcine corneas were treated with various concentrations of @entity3208 for different lengths of time. Optimal conditions for processing the @entity26098 were noted regarding removal of all cellular components and retention of the spatial arrangement of the @entity2687 . The physical characteristics (including water absorption and light transmittance), biomechanics, and @entity137 of the @entity26098 were also found to be conserved. Subsequently, @entity26098 was transplanted into the interlaminar stroma of @entity95 corneas. The transparency and structures of the collagen fibers were determined. RESULTS: By immersing corneal tissues in isotonic buffer containing 0.1% @entity3208 for 7 hours, we were able to produce an @entity26098 whose cells were completely removed, without disrupting collagen layer structure. Although water absorption and light transmittance of the @entity26098 decreased when compared with natural @entity2687 , @entity26098 showed similar biomechanical properties and biocompatibility as natural ones. After xenotransplantation into @entity95 corneal stromal layers for 4 weeks, both @entity26098 and @entity95 corneas showed complete transparency. Almost 1 year postoperatively, the corneas remained transparent with regular stromal structures and @entity26098 appeared stable in situ without deliquescence or immunological rejection. CONCLUSIONS: A simple and valid method to produce decellularized corneal matrix has been successfully developed. These acellular matrices similar to natural corneas in structure, strength, and transparency have tremendous potential for corneal transplantation as ideal implants for donors and for tissue engineering applications as suitable scaffolds.

title: Development and characterization of acellular porcine corneal matrix using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity26098 :: ('MESH:C535501', 'Disease') :: ['ACM', 'acellular matrix']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

answer: @entity3208 :: (MESH:D012967,Chemical) :: ['sodium dodecylsulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnostic value of @entity1082 @entity32454 mRNA for residue and recurrence of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) @entity1 after cervical conization.    METHODS: A total of 154 @entity1 , who underwent cervical conization and possessed complete follow-up data of high-grade @entity3146 ( @entity3146 , III), were subjected to thin-prep cytology test (TCT), HPV-DNA typing and HPV @entity32454 mRNA test in 3-6 months and 12 months after cervical conization. Abnormal cytology (>= ASC-US) or high-risk HPV-DNA (+) or HPV @entity32454 mRNA (+) cases were found by colposcopy and cervical biopsy pathological diagnosis.    RESULTS: Nine @entity1 had residue and 22 recurred. HPV-DNA detections after cervical conization in 57 @entity1 were positive. Among them, 30 @entity1 had residual/recurrent lesions. HPV @entity32454 mRNA detections in 26 @entity1 were positive. Among them, 24 @entity1 had residual/recurrent lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of diagnosis in the detection of HPV-DNA were 96.8%, 78%, 52.6%, 99%, and 81.8%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of diagnosis in the detection of HPV @entity32454 mRNA were 77.4%, 98.4%, 92.3%, 94.5%, and 94.2%, respectively. The specificity and positive predictive value of HPV @entity32454 mRNA test were greater than those of HPV-DNA typing test. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).    CONCLUSION: Detection of HPV @entity32454 mRNA during the follow-up period could timely and effectively forecast the risk of residue and recurrence of @entity3146 after cervical conization, and reduce excessive examination and treatment.

title: [Diagnostic value of XXXX @entity32454 mRNA for residue and recurrence after cervical conization].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CINII', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a technique of minimally invasive radical nephrectomy for a native @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and nonischemic open partial nephrectomy for a transplant kidney @entity1358 with only a laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) incision. Concomitant RCCs in a @entity8 are very rare. Conventional surgical approach requires a long incision. METHODS: A 50-year-old @entity1 14 years after renal transplant was found incidentally to have concomitant RCCs in his native right kidney and transplant kidney. A right lower abdomen Gibson incision, along his transplant wound, was used initially for LESS right radical nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy, and that same wound was used for a nonischemic open partial nephrectomy in the transplant kidney. RESULTS: The LESS right radical nephrectomy took 3.25 hours with estimated @entity190 (EBL) of 80 mL and the partial nephrectomy for the transplant kidney took 3 hours with EBL of 220 mL. No transfusion was required. Pathologic examination revealed both @entity5 to be @entity1358 , clear cell type, and 6.5 cm in the right native kidney and 2.8 cm in the transplant kidney. The final wound measured 9 cm. Postoperative recovery was uneventful with inpatient narcotic requirement of 37 mg @entity1286 equivalent, and oral intake of food resumed in 2.5 days. His allograft function was well preserved with a serum @entity1011 unchanged (1.4 mg/dL) at discharge. CONCLUSION: In a @entity1 with concomitant @entity5 in a native kidney and a transplant kidney, this unique approach provides exceptional benefits of minimally invasive @entity5 excision for both @entity5 , and good preservation of renal function.

title: Simultaneous laparoendoscopic single-site radical nephrectomy for native kidney and open nonischemic partial nephrectomy to treat concomitant XXXX in @entity8 and to preserve allograft function.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['native and transplant kidneys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Transesophageal color Doppler (or 2D Doppler) is the most widely used technique for intraoperative assessment of mitral valve repair. However, the most severe @entity339 produce eccentric jet flows which cannot be assessed by 2D imaging. Up to now the indications for surgical intervention and intraoperative decisions after valve repair have been based on 2D Doppler examinations. Aim of this study was to compare conventional 2D Doppler to three-dimensional (3D) Doppler for assessing residual regurgitation in @entity1 after mitral valvuloplasty. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 were referred to surgery for mitral valve repair. They underwent transesophageal echocardiography and 3D data acquisition during mitral valve reconstruction. Conventional assessment of mitral @entity338 , measured by color Doppler jet area, was compared to the volume of regurgitant jets obtained by 3D Doppler. Regurgitant volume and fraction were measured by pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography. The 3D reconstructions of color Doppler data were accomplished by means of the 'Heidelberg Raytracing Algorithm' developed at our institution. RESULTS: The jet areas did not show any significant correlation to the regurgitant fraction (r = 45; P = NS) or regurgitant volumes (r = 0.40; P = NS). In contrast the jet volumes correlated significantly to regurgitant fraction (r = 0.71; P < 0.01) and regurgitant volume (r = 0.85; P < 0.01). The reproducibility analysis of repeated jet volume and jet area measurements also showed that the parameter jet volume has a lower variability and higher agreement of repeated measurements than jet area. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging revealed the complex geometry of eccentric regurgitant jets and showed that the assessment of @entity339 , based on conventional 2D Doppler, can be misleading. This new technique has a great potential for becoming a reference method for assessing mitral valve repair.

title: Three-dimensional color Doppler for assessing XXXX during valvuloplasty.

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitations']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: @entity4854 is associated with hemodynamic changes in type 1 @entity6 ( @entity3918 ), acting in part through renin-angiotensin system activation. Since aging is associated with @entity455 in @entity3918 , we hypothesized that acute hemodynamic responses to clamped @entity4854 and infused ANG II would be exaggerated in older adults compared with a group of adolescent/young adults with type 1 @entity3918 . Renal hemodynamic function, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness were assessed in adolescent/young adults (n = 34; mean age: 18 +/- 3 yr) and older adults (n = 32; mean age: 45 +/- 9 yr). Studies were performed during clamped euglycemia (4-6 mmol/l) and @entity4854 (9-11 mmol/l). Renal and systemic hemodynamic responses to ANG II were measured during clamped euglycemia in @entity6 subjects. ANG II responses were also assessed in a cohort of non- @entity3918 subjects (n = 97; mean age: 26; age range: 18-40 yr). Older @entity3918 adults exhibited higher baseline blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and renal vascular resistance, and lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow, compared with adolescent/young @entity3918 adults (P < 0.05). Clamped @entity4854 was associated with exaggerated peripheral and renal hemodynamic responses uniquely in older @entity3918 adults; only GFR increased in adolescent/young @entity3918 adults. ANG II infusion also produced exaggerated vasoconstrictive responses in older @entity3918 adults vs. adolescent/young @entity3918 adults (P < 0.05). The independent effect of age on hemodynamic responses to @entity4854 and ANG II was confirmed using multivariate regression analysis in @entity3918 subjects (P < 0.05), and results were still significant when @entity1 were matched for @entity3918 duration. Age-related alterations in hemodynamic function and ANG II response were not observed in healthy non- @entity3918 control subjects. Acute hemodynamic responses to clamped @entity4854 and ANG II were exaggerated in older subjects with type 1 @entity3918 , highlighting an important interaction between age and factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity455 in @entity3918 .

title: Age is a determinant of acute hemodynamic responses to @entity4854 and angiotensin II in @entity1 with uncomplicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['acute vascular dysfunction', 'vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between @entity354 and sliding @entity547 is controversial, especially following distal partial gastrectomy in @entity1 with @entity356 . The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between @entity354 and sliding @entity547 of the esophagus after distal gastrectomy using the gastroesophageal scintigraphy and endoscopy. METHODS: Forty-five distal gastrectomy @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 were studied. Twenty-five @entity1 presented with @entity304 , such as @entity338 and 20 @entity1 exhibited no @entity304 . All of the @entity1 were examined by gastroesophageal scintigraphy and their reflux indices were determined. Thirty-eight of the @entity1 underwent upper endoscopy and both sliding @entity547 and @entity304 were classified as mild or severe. RESULTS: Sliding @entity547 were diagnosed in all of the subjects and 65.8% of the @entity1 exhibited @entity304 . Evidence of endoscopic @entity2910 was noted in only 39.5% of the @entity1 . The reflux indices for the mild and severe @entity547 groups were 5.03 +/- 2.2 and 10.3 +/- 6.4, respectively (P < 0.05). More severely symptomatic @entity2910 was prevalent in the severe @entity547 group in comparison to the mild group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the onset of @entity354 after distal gastrectomy is induced by the surgical procedures and that @entity357 may be an important factor in the etiology of @entity354 .

title: Clinical significance of @entity357 in the development of @entity354 after distal gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['heartburn and/or regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'gastroesophageal reflux', 'reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the stomach']


abstract: The renal electrogenic @entity4024 /HCO(3)(   ) cotransporter (NBCe1-A) contributes to the basolateral step of transepithelial HCO(3)(   ) reabsorption in proximal tubule epithelia, contributing to the buffering of blood pH. Elsewhere in the body (e.g. muscle cells) NBCe1 variants contribute to, amongst other processes, maintenance of intracellular pH. Others have described a homozygous mutation in NBCe1 (NBCe1-A @entity31282 ) in an individual with severe @entity8 ( @entity8 ; usually associated with defective HCO(3)(   ) reabsorption in proximal tubule cells) and @entity912 ( @entity912 ; usually associated with leaky cation channels in muscle cells). Using biotinylation and two-electrode voltage-clamp on @entity1238 oocytes expressing NBCe1, we demonstrate that the mutant NBCe1-A (A( @entity31282 )) exhibits a per-molecule transport defect that probably contributes towards the observed @entity8 . Furthermore, we find that A( @entity31282 ) expression is associated with an unusual HCO(3)(   )-independent conductance that, if associated with mutant NBCe1 in muscle cells, could contribute towards the appearance of @entity912 in the affected individual. We also study three novel lab mutants of NBCe1-A: @entity31283 , @entity31284 and @entity31285 . All three exhibit a per-molecule transport defect, but only A( @entity31283 ) exhibits an A( @entity31282 )-like ion conductance. A( @entity31286 ) and A( @entity31285 ) exhibit unusual outward rectification in their HCO(3)(   )-dependent conductance and A( @entity31286 ) exhibits reduced sensitivity to both DIDS and tenidap. @entity31286 is the first mutation shown to affect the apparent tenidap affinity of NBCe1. Finally we show that A( @entity31282 ) and A( @entity31283 ), which accumulate poorly in the plasma membrane of oocytes, exhibit signs of abnormal intracellular accumulation in a non-polarized renal cell-line.

title: HCO(3)(-)-independent conductance with a mutant @entity4024 /HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (SLC4A4) in a case of @entity8 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['proximal renal tubular acidosis', 'pRTA']

entities_list: @entity31284 :: ('p|SUB|A|799|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Ala799Gly']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['hypoPP', 'hypokalaemic paralysis', 'hypokalaemic periodic paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['hypokalaemic paralysis']


abstract: @entity1 with resistant @entity302 are often coprescribed multiple medications and are more likely to experience drug-drug interactions and adverse events (AEs). A new generation of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) has been developed with improved safety/tolerability profiles. To evaluate the unmet treatment needs in @entity302 , a comprehensive search of the English-language literature was conducted on Medline and other databases using the terms " @entity302 " and "focal @entity410 ," focusing on newer @entity734 . Sixty-nine articles were identified. Most @entity1 experienced AEs, which were generally mild-moderate in severity. Drug-drug interactions existed for 6 of 11 @entity734 for which data were available. There is evidence for @entity308 symptoms being associated with @entity10315 , and mood-stabilizing effects were shown for @entity2812 and @entity4481 . @entity4677 and @entity23100 improved cognitive function. Vigabatrin may increase the risk of developing @entity716 . Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was inversely correlated with @entity410 frequency. Discontinuation rates were often high, although treatment retention improved with slower dose titration. Adjunctive therapy with newer @entity734 has the potential to enhance HRQoL and treatment continuation in @entity1 with @entity302 . There remains room for improvement in the management of @entity302 , and better treatments and longer-term trials are needed to meet the special requirements of refractory @entity1 .

title: Assessing the unmet treatment need in partial-onset XXXX : looking beyond @entity410 control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity10315 :: ('MESH:C022189', 'Chemical') :: ['zonisamide']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity23100 :: ('MESH:C571001', 'Chemical') :: ['eslicarbazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The addition of high-dose @entity1667 (120 mg given i.v. and repeated after a 4-h interval) to a conventional antiemetic regimen consisting of @entity1769 (0.5 mg/kg given as an i.v. bolus over 30 min followed by 1 mg/kg given as a continuous infusion over 24 h) and @entity1401 (0.5 mg given p.o.) was evaluated in a randomized study of @entity1778 @entity1 undergoing @entity4349 -containing multiple-day chemotherapy. Double-blind analysis was done in 30 @entity1 who completed a total of 40 treatment courses. Cumulative 3-day results revealed complete control of @entity390 in 66% of @entity1 and complete control of @entity391 in 77% of cases. The addition of @entity1667 significantly reduced the occurrence of @entity390 (p = 0.003) and @entity391 (P = 0.06). Moreover, antiemetic rescue with @entity2644 was less frequently necessary in @entity1 receiving corticosteroids (P = 0.02). No harmful side effect was observed, and the incidence of severe @entity166 episodes was similar in both arms. We conclude that high-dose @entity1667 can improve the efficacy of @entity1769 and @entity1401 in controlling @entity390 and @entity391 induced by @entity4349 -containing multiple-day chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity3052 .

title: Antiemetic activity of high-dose @entity1667 associated with continuous-infusion @entity1769 and oral XXXX during multiple-day chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity1401 :: (MESH:D000525,Chemical) :: ['alprazolam']


abstract: This naturalistic study investigated the mechanisms of change in measures of negative thinking and in 24-h urinary metabolites of @entity1063 ( @entity1063 ), @entity935 and @entity750 in a sample of 43 @entity308 hospital @entity1 attending an eight-session group cognitive behavior therapy program. Most @entity1 (91%) were taking antidepressant medication throughout the therapy period according to their treating Psychiatrists' prescriptions. The sample was divided into outcome categories (19 Responders and 24 Non-responders) on the basis of a clinically reliable change index [Jacobson, N.S., _ Truax, P., 1991. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12-19.] applied to the Beck Depression Inventory scores at the end of the therapy. Results of repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA] analyses of variance indicated that all measures of negative thinking improved significantly during therapy, and significantly more so in the Responders as expected. The treatment had a significant impact on urinary @entity1425 and metadrenaline excretion however, these changes occurred in both Responders and Non-responders. Acute treatment did not significantly influence the six other @entity1154 metabolites. In summary, changes in urinary @entity1154 levels during combined treatment for @entity308 were not associated with self-reported changes in mood symptoms.

title: Mechanisms of change in negative thinking and urinary @entity1154 in XXXX @entity1 during acute treatment with group cognitive behavior therapy and antidepressant medication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Information about @entity146 among those with immigrant parents is important for early detection and service development. The aim of this study is to examine the association between parental immigration and the diagnosis of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in offspring in Finland. METHODS: This matched case-control study was based on a national birth cohort. The sample included all singletons who were born in Finland in 1991-2005 and diagnosed with @entity71 by the year 2011 (n  =  10,409) and their matched controls (n  =  39,124). Nationwide registers were used to identify @entity1 and to gather information on the parents' country of birth and native language. Conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted using maternal and paternal migration status and region of birth as well as time since maternal migration as exposure factors. RESULTS: The likelihood of being diagnosed with @entity71 was significantly increased among @entity1 of two immigrant parents [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.7, 95% CI 3.4-6.6] and @entity1 of an immigrant father (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.2). The likelihood of receiving an @entity71 diagnosis was equal among @entity1 whose mother was a recent immigrant when she gave birth and those whose mother had stayed in Finland at least for a year before birth. The association between parental migration and @entity71 diagnosis was strongest among fathers born in sub-Saharan Africa or Latin America and among mothers born in sub-Saharan Africa or North Africa and Middle East. @entity1 , whose parents were born in countries with low @entity1 Development Index (HDI), were more often diagnosed with @entity71 . CONCLUSIONS: The increased likelihood of @entity71 diagnosis among @entity1 of immigrants indicates increased exposure to environmental risk factors, differences in the use of health services, or challenges in diagnosing immigrants' @entity1 .

title: Association between immigrant background and XXXX : a nationwide population-based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Variability in the management of @entity631 may negatively impact efficacy and safety. However, there are little/no data on actual variability in the treatment of @entity1987 ( @entity1987 )/ @entity628 ( @entity628 ) in adults. We assessed Spanish practice patterns for the management of adult @entity1985 due to @entity1987 or @entity628 . The absence of reasonably good evidence on treatment for a disease often increases the variability substantially. Identification of evidence-practice gaps is the first necessary step in the knowledge-to-action cyclical process. We aim to analyse the real clinical practice in adults in hospitals in Spain and compare this with the recently released Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes clinical practice guideline for @entity631 . METHODS: Participating centres were required to include all adult @entity1 (age >18 years) with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of @entity1987 or @entity628 from 2007 to 2011. Exclusion criteria included the diagnosis of secondary @entity8 . RESULTS: We studied 119 Caucasian @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity1987 (n = 71) or @entity628 (n = 48) from 13 Spanish hospitals. Of these @entity1 , 102 received immunosuppressive treatment and 17 conservative treatment. The initial treatment was @entity230 , except in one @entity1 in which @entity618 was used. In all @entity1 , the @entity230 were given as a single daily dose. The mean duration of @entity479 treatment at initial high doses was 8.7    13.2 weeks and the mean global duration was 38    32 weeks. The duration of initial high-dose @entity230 was <4 weeks in 41% of @entity1 and >16 weeks in 10.5% of @entity1 . We did find a weak and negative correlation between the duration of whole @entity479 treatment in the first episode and the number of the later relapses (r = -0.24, P = 0.023). There were 98 relapses and they were more frequent in @entity1987 than in FSGs @entity1 (2.10    1.6 versus 1.56    1.2; P = 0.09). The chosen treatment was mainly @entity230 (95%). Only seven relapses were treated with another drug as a first-line treatment: two relapses were treated with @entity6051 and five relapses were treated with anticalcineurinics. A second-line treatment was needed in 29 @entity1 (24.4%), and the most frequent drugs were the calcineurin inhibitors (55%), followed by @entity618 (31%). Although @entity786 is the recommended treatment, it was used in only 14% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We found variation from the guidelines in the duration of initial and tapered @entity479 therapy, in the medical criteria for classifying a @entity479 -resistant condition and in the chosen treatment for the second-line treatment. All nephrologists started with a daily dose of @entity230 as the first-line treatment. The most frequently used @entity479 -sparing drug was calcineurin inhibitors. @entity786 use was much lower than expected.

title: Therapeutic variability in adult @entity1987 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: A random sample of 2512 @entity1 were followed up from fetal period to the age of two years and the relation of various antenatal and perinatal factors to acute @entity1729 , wheezy @entity3617 and @entity2346 media was studied. A model containing the relationships between the variables was used as a basis for the analysis and the powerful confounding effects of postnatal factors were standardized. @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ) demonstrated by myringotomy was analyzed as a specific subgroup of @entity697 ( @entity697 ). Low birth weight (less than or equal to 2500 g) and @entity3465 (birth before the 37th gestational week) did not influence either @entity697 or @entity2171 . The odds ratio for low birth weight @entity1 becoming ' @entity2346 -prone' (greater than or equal to 3 episodes of @entity2171 ) was 1.5 (0.9-2.1, P greater than 0.1). The various neonatal ventilation therapies were not associated with either @entity697 or @entity2171 , but intermittent positive pressure ventilation, low birth weight and @entity3465 were distinctly related to wheezy @entity3617 . The odds ratio regarding intermittent positive pressure ventilation was 2.0 (1.0-3.0, P less than 0.05) and that regarding low birth weight 1.7 (1.0-2.3, P less than 0.05). @entity1 had a slightly increased risk with respect to all the infective parameters. Birth order was closely correlated with the infective parameters, but much of this correlation was due to the postnatal effect of siblings. Altogether the antenatal and perinatal factors had only a slight effect on the infective parameters studied.

title: Is a XXXX 's history of @entity697 and @entity1729 already determined in the antenatal and perinatal period?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Boys', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['Acute otitis media with effusion', 'AOME']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of oral @entity5537 /tegafur (UFT) plus @entity4181 (LV) is widely accepted as adjuvant chemotherapy for stages II and III of @entity14 . However, the clinical compliance of Japanese @entity1 with this regimen has not been clearly elucidated to date. METHODS: A total of 40 Japanese outpatients were treated with oral UFT plus LV as adjuvant chemotherapy following @entity14 surgery between January 2005 and June 2007. UFT capsules (300-500 mg/body per day) and LV tablets (75 mg/body per day, administered with each dose of UFT) were to be taken for 28 days, followed by 7 days of rest, with this cycle repeated every 35 days for 6 months or until recurrence. The @entity1 were classified into the following three groups based on compliance: the completed group (n = 21), the modified group (n = 12), and the discontinued group (n = 7). RESULTS: The UFT doses (mean +/- SD) were 267 +/- 35 mg/m(2) in the completed group, 276 +/- 50 mg/m(2) in the modified group, and 288 +/- 22 mg/m(2) in the discontinued group. The UFT dose in the discontinued group tended to be higher than that in the completed group (P = 0.12). The most frequent symptoms of nonhematologic @entity137 were @entity1277 (45%) and @entity1295 (45%). There were no hematologic or nonhematologic toxicities of grade 3 or 4. CONCLUSION: The regimen of oral UFT plus LV produced only low-grade @entity137 and was convenient for outpatients. It appears that the initial UFT dose might be associated with the development of @entity137 in the oral UFT plus LV regimen.

title: Clinical compliance with an oral @entity5537 /tegafur (UFT) plus @entity4181 (LV) regimen as adjuvant chemotherapy in Japanese XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distribution of @entity311 and intestinal helminths is known to overlap in developing tropical countries of the world. @entity325 with helminth and @entity311 parasites cause a significant and additive problem against the host. The aim of this study was to asses the prevalence of @entity311 /helminth @entity325 and the associated problems among febrile outpatients that attended Alaba Kulito Health Center, southern Ethiopia November and December 2007. A total of 1802 acute febrile @entity1 were diagnosed for @entity311 . 458 Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films were used for identification of Plasmodium species and Stool samples prepared using Kato-Katz technique were used to examine for intestinal helminths. Haemoglobin concentration was measured using a portable spectrophotometer (Hemocue HB 201). Anthropometry-based nutritional assessment of the study @entity1 was done by measuring body weight to the nearest 0.1 kg and height to the nearest 0.1 cm. FINDINGS: 458 of the total febrile @entity1 were positive for @entity311 . @entity325 with Plasmodium and helminth parasites is associated with significantly (p < 0.001) higher @entity417 prevalence than single infection with Plasmodium parasites. And this difference was also significant for haemoglobin concentration (F = 10.18, p = 0.002), in which @entity1 co infected with Plasmodium and helminth parasites showed lower mean haemoglobin concentration. More than one-third of the infected cases in both @entity281 and @entity311 /helminth co infections are undernourished. However the statistics for the difference is not significant. CONCLUSION: @entity311 and soil-transmitted helminthiasis obviously contribute to @entity417 and low weight status and these conditions are more pronounced in individuals concurrently infected with @entity311 and soil-transmitted helminths. Hence, simultaneous combat against the two @entity281 is very crucial to improve health of the affected communities.

title: XXXX in outpatients of Alaba Kulito Health Center, southern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infections', 'malaria infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Co infection', 'co-infection', 'Co-infections']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity325 :: (MESH:D060085,Disease) :: ['Malaria and helminth co-infections']