abstract: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) is the most common @entity361 of the gastrointestinal tract. This @entity5 typically expresses KIT, and has KIT or @entity675 activating mutation. In this study we evaluated 89 GISTs diagnosed in Northern Norway during a 30-year period. KIT exons 8, 9, 11, 13, and 17 were analyzed by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Subsequently PDGRA exons 12, 14, and 18 were evaluated in KIT wild-type cases. KIT mutations were found in 66 cases (75%), and @entity675 mutations in 9 cases (10%). Most common were KIT exon 11 mutations, with 58 cases. Tumors with Kit exon 11 point mutations had a significantly better prognosis than those with deletions. There were five KIT exon 9 duplications, three exon 13 point mutations, and one point mutation in exon 17. There were nine PDGFGRA mutations: seven in exon 18 and two in exon 12. All but one @entity675 mutant GISTs were @entity356 with epithelioid morphology, and these @entity5 were on average smaller than those with KIT mutations. KIT and @entity675 wild type was found in 15% of cases. Analysis of KIT and @entity675 mutations is of significance for treatment with @entity669 kinase inhibitors, and may also have value when assessing the biological potential of @entity674 .

title: Mutations in XXXX --a population-based study from Northern Norway.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumor']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe dose-exposure relationships of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in adults with @entity706 ; this is in order to explore the interindividual variability in relationship with the different physiopathological variables. The final model was applied to the Bayesian estimation of @entity1500 concentrations using two blood samples. METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 receiving 136 courses of @entity1500 (1-6 per @entity1 ) were included in this study. The data was analysed using NONMEM software. A linear two-compartment model with linear elimination best described the data. Setting mean parameters values and variabilities to population values, we obtained Bayesian prediction of @entity1500 pharmacokinetic parameters and concentrations. The predictive performance was evaluated by comparing the Bayesian estimated and observed concentrations and the Bayesian estimated parameters with the individual final model estimated parameters. RESULTS: The population pharmacokinetic parameters and the inter-subject variablities expressed as coefficient of variation were: the total body clearance CL, 7.1 l h-1 (22%), the volume of the central and peripheral compartments V1, 25.1 l (22.5%), V2, 2.7 l (64%), respectively, and the transfer constant Q, 2.7 (51%) l h-1. Inter-course variability was only significant on CL. Age and serum @entity1011 had significant effects on CL and was included in the final model. A good correlation was obtained between Bayesian estimated and experimental concentrations (r2=0.85).

title: Population pharmacokinetic study of @entity1499 in XXXX with @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity215 ( @entity215 ) is a congenital @entity299 in which the right ventricle is exposed to cyanosis and pressure overload. @entity1 have an increased risk of right @entity409 following corrective surgery. Whether the cyanotic myocardium is less tolerant of injury compared to non-cyanotic is unclear. @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) protect against cellular stresses. The aim of this study was to examine @entity2284 expression in the right ventricle resected from @entity215 @entity1 and determine its relationship with right ventricle function and clinical outcome. Ten cyanotic and ten non-cyanotic @entity1 were studied. Western blotting was used to quantify @entity2284 in resected myocardium at (1) baseline (first 15 min of aortic cross clamp and closest representation of pre-operative status) and (2) after 15 min during @entity63 until surgery was complete. The cyanotic group had significantly increased haematocrit, lower O2 saturation, thicker interventricular septal wall thickness and released more troponin-I on post-operative day 1 (p < 0.05). @entity2284 expression was significantly increased in the < 15 min cyanotic compared to the < 15 min non-cyanotic group (p = 0.03). In the cyanotic group, baseline @entity2284 expression also significantly correlated with @entity26 extraction ratio (p = 0.028), post-operative basal septal velocity (p = 0.036) and mixed venous @entity26 saturation (p = 0.02), markers of improved cardiac output/contraction. Increased @entity2284 expression and associated improved right ventricle function and systemic perfusion supports a cardio-protective effect of @entity2284 in cyanotic @entity215 .

title: @entity1457 protein 27 is increased in cyanotic XXXX and is associated with improved cardiac output and contraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'Tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart condition']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot myocardium']


abstract: The study of RNA and DNA oncogenic viruses has proved invaluable in the discovery of key cellular pathways that are rendered dysfunctional during @entity5 progression. An example is high risk @entity1082 ), the etiological agent of cervical @entity5 . The role of HPV oncogenes in cellular immortalization and transformation has been extensively investigated. We reported the differential expression of a family of @entity1 mitochondrial non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) between normal and @entity5 cells. Normal cells express a sense mitochondrial ncRNA (SncmtRNA) that seems to be required for cell proliferation and two antisense transcripts (ASncmtRNAs). In contrast, the ASncmtRNAs are down-regulated in @entity5 cells. To shed some light on the mechanisms that trigger down-regulation of the ASncmtRNAs, we studied @entity1 keratinocytes (HFK) immortalized with HPV. Here we show that immortalization of HFK with @entity1799 or 18 causes down-regulation of the ASncmtRNAs and induces the expression of a new sense transcript named SncmtRNA-2. Transduction of HFK with both E6 and E7 is sufficient to induce expression of SncmtRNA-2. Moreover, E2 oncogene is involved in down-regulation of the ASncmtRNAs. Knockdown of E2 in immortalized cells reestablishes in a reversible manner the expression of the ASncmtRNAs, suggesting that endogenous cellular factors(s) could play functions analogous to E2 during non-HPV-induced oncogenesis.

title: Expression of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is modulated by high risk XXXX ) oncogenes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']


abstract: Incomplete @entity455 is a rare @entity154 causing tracheal compression. A case of anomalous innominate artery causing tracheal compression and low grade @entity825 with remarkable @entity1353 and intermittent @entity386 in a five-month-old @entity1 is reported. Chest X-ray revealed enlarged upper @entity6830 . @entity4616 and @entity8792 were detected on echocardiographic examination. Angiography demonstrated left aortic arch with normal arterial branching pattern. Thorax computerized tomography (CT) revealed tracheal compression of more than 50% at innominate artery level and aberrant position of the hyperplastic thymus. Operation was planned for subtotal thymectomy and relocation of innominate artery in order to relieve @entity3885 . Postoperative thorax CT demonstrated satisfactory relief of tracheal compression. @entity1 was discharged from hospital on sixth postoperative day in @entity558 . On clinical follow-up he is completely asymptomatic without any signs of @entity1353 or intermittent reflex @entity386 . In severely symptomatic cases, surgical treatment offers excellent results.

title: A rare cause of respiratory distress in XXXX : tracheal compression due to anomalous course of innominate artery.

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ring']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity8792 :: ('MESH:D013952', 'Disease') :: ['thymus hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['Patent foramen ovale']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) and those with @entity308 ( @entity308 ) responded to antidepressants differently. Previous studies have commonly shown that @entity1 with @entity13217 or @entity308 had abnormal neural activity in different brain regions. In the present study, we used a coherence-based ReHo (Cohe-ReHo) approach to test the hypothesis that @entity1 with @entity13217 or @entity308 had abnormal neural activity in different brain regions. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity13217 , 22 with @entity308 , and 19 healthy subjects (HS) matched with gender, age, and education level participated in the study. RESULTS: ANOVA analysis revealed widespread differences in Cohe-ReHo values among the three groups in different brain regions which included bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral cerebellum, left inferior temporal gyrus, left occipital cortex, and both sides of fusiform gyrus. Compared to HS, lower Cohe-ReHo values were observed in @entity13217 group in bilateral superior frontal gyrus and left cerebellum; in contrast, in @entity308 group, lower Cohe-ReHo values were mainly found in bilateral superior frontal gyrus. Compared to @entity308 group, @entity13217 group had lower Cohe-ReHo in bilateral cerebellum and higher Cohe-ReHo in left fusiform gyrus. There was a negative correlation between Cohe-ReHo values of the left fusiform gyrus and illness duration in the pooled @entity1 (r = 0.480, p = 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of cerebellar Cohe-ReHo values differentiating @entity13217 from @entity308 were 83% and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to healthy controls, both @entity13217 and @entity308 @entity1 shared the majority of brain regions with abnormal neural activity. However, the lower Cohe-ReHo values in the cerebellum might be as a marker to differentiate @entity13217 from @entity308 with high sensitivity and specificity.

title: Abnormal neural activity of brain regions in treatment-resistant and treatment-sensitive major XXXX : a resting-state fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'treatment-resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-sensitive depression', 'TSD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorder']


abstract: Dislocation or perigraft leakage is a major problem during the follow-up period for endovascular stent graft (EVG) implantation via median sternotomy for distal aortic arch @entity439 . Anchoring sutures have been applied for the prevention of these complications. Here, we evaluate the midterm results and the efficacy of anchoring sutures. There were 21 male and 2 female @entity1 enrolled in the study with an average age of 70 years (59-83). @entity439 types were 21 true @entity439 (13 fusiform, 8 saccular), 1 chronic dissection, and 1 penetrating aortic @entity1066 . Total arch replacement was performed in two @entity1 and aortocoronary bypass grafting was combined in four @entity1 . Anchoring sutures to fix the EVG via median sternotomy were applied for 11 recent @entity1 . The average follow-up period was 44 (22-79) months. There were no operative mortalities, but one case of @entity451 , one of @entity64 , and two of temporary spinal cord dysfunction. Complications related to EVG via median sternotomy occurred in five @entity1 who had not received anchoring sutures, but the 11 @entity1 with anchoring sutures showed no EVG-related complications. A chronic type B dissection revealed @entity397 due to false lumen infection 1 year after operation and repeat surgery was performed. Stent dislocation occurred in four @entity1 , two of whom required repeat surgery via left thoracotomy due to endoleakage 3 and 4 years after surgery. One died from aneurismal rupture 5 years after surgery. One required emergency graft replacement because of graft perforation 5 years after surgery. The proportion of @entity1 free from EVG-related events at 5 years after surgery was 75%. Anchoring sutures (P = 0.0155) and a large @entity439 of more than 80 mm (P = 0.0190) were predictors of late EVG-related complications. There were five late deaths: two were from @entity64 , one from rupture, one from @entity5 , and one from @entity881 after repeat surgery. EVG shortens postoperative recovery with relatively lower mortality, but @entity1566 is a complication occurring with a relatively high rate. @entity1 with large @entity439 are not good candidates for EVG implantation via median sternotomy Anchoring sutures to fix the EVG to the aortic wall should help prevent EVG-related events and improve the durability of EVG.

title: Midterm results for endovascular stent grafts via median sternotomy for distal aortic arch XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['impending rupture']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: @entity48671 mutants of @entity375 arrest at the nonpermissive temperature with large buds, G2 DNA content and, a single, abnormally large spindle pole body (SPB) (Byers, B. 1981. Molecular Genetics in @entity375 . Alfred Benzon Symposium. 16:119-133). In this report, we show that the @entity48671 gene product is essential for cell viability. We demonstrate that purified @entity48671 protein binds @entity141 and that this binding is highly specific. Taken together, three lines of evidence indicate that @entity48671 is a component of the SPB. First, @entity48671 cofractionates with enriched preparations of SPBs. Second, immunofluorescence staining indicates that @entity48671 colocalizes with a known SPB component. Third, immunoelectron microscopy with whole cells and with isolated SPBs reveals that @entity48671 is localized to the half bridge of the SPB, which lies immediately adjacent to the SPB plaques. @entity48671 was detected mainly at the cytoplasmic side of the half bridge and, therefore, defines a further substructure of the SPB. We suggest that @entity48671 is a member of a family of @entity460 -binding, centrosome-associated proteins from a phylogenetically diverse group of organisms.

title: The @entity460 -binding protein cell division cycle 31 of XXXX is a component of the half bridge of the spindle pole body.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Yeast']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignant @entity2615 (MPM) is a highly aggressive disease with a generally poor prognosis. Since escape from cell cycle checkpoint control is common in several solid @entity5 , the present study was performed to evaluate the role of some cell cycle regulatory genes in the development and progression of MPM. @entity1 AND METHODS: Aberrant expression of @entity986 (ARF), @entity986 ( @entity986 ), @entity994 (waf), @entity5438 (KIP), @entity876 , @entity7465 and Rb was assessed in 55 MPM cases from Egypt using immunohistochemistry and PCR techniques. Results were correlated with clinico-pathological prognostic factors, overall and disease free survival (OS_DFS). RESULTS: Altered expression of @entity986 (ARF), @entity986 ( @entity986 ), @entity994 (waf), @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ), Rb, @entity876 and @entity7465 proteins was detected in 50.9%, 54.5%, 53.3%, 61.8%, 53.3%, 58.2%, and 50.8% of cases, respectively. SV40 infection significantly correlated with @entity986 (ARF), 16( @entity986 ), @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and Rb aberrations (p=0.014, p=0.02, p=0.01, p=-0.01). Asbestos exposure significantly correlated with @entity876 , @entity994 (waf) and @entity7465 aberrations (p=0.001, p=0.03, p=0.02). On multivariate analysis PS >=  2, @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and Rb aberrations were independent prognostic factors for @entity3012 (p=0.016, p=0.011, p=0.003) whereas on @entity5 recurrence, @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and Rb aberrations were independent prognostic factors for DFS (p=0.002, p=0.03, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MPM is a complex disease characterized by multiple genetic aberrations; some of them involve cell cycle regulatory genes. @entity986 (ARF), @entity986 ( @entity986 ), Rb and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) seem to be involved in SV40-associated MPM whereas @entity7465 , @entity876 and @entity994 (WAF) are related to @entity1355 exposure. In addition to recurrence and PS, only @entity5438 ( @entity13525 )and Rb could be used as molecular prognostic markers in MPM.

title: Aberrant expression of cell cycle regulatory genes predicts overall and disease free survival in malignant XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: 1. The presence of functional alpha-adrenoceptors in freshly dispersed single smooth muscle cells from @entity35 tail arteries was investigated by use of selective alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists. 2. @entity20253 , a selective @entity7819 -adrenoceptor agonist, caused a @entity3159 -sensitive, rapid but transient increase in intracellular @entity141 , which was partially inhibited by the voltage-dependent @entity141 channel blocker, nifedipine. 3. @entity27642 , an @entity7819 -adrenoceptor agonist, in the presence of @entity3159 , initiated a slow and sustained increase in intracellular @entity141 which was partially inhibited by @entity3160 and almost completely blocked by @entity594 . 4. In @entity35 tail artery, the effects (dose-response and time-response curves) of @entity20253 and @entity27642 on intracellular @entity141 levels in freshly dispersed single smooth muscle cells were comparable with those obtained with organ bath studies of ring preparations of artery. 5. In freshly dispersed single smooth muscle cells, the time-course response curves induced by the selective @entity7819 -adrenoceptor agonist, @entity2647 and the selective @entity7819 -adrenoceptor agonist, @entity16495 , were similar to those observed with @entity20253 and @entity27642 , respectively. 6. These results indicate that: (a) functional @entity7819 - and @entity7819 -adrenoceptors are present in freshly dispersed single smooth muscle cells from @entity35 tail artery and ( @entity7819 - and @entity7819 -adrenoceptors are coupled to different cellular processes that lead to an increase in intracellular @entity141 .

title: The effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists on intracellular XXXX levels in freshly dispersed single smooth muscle cells from @entity35 tail artery.

entities_list: @entity20253 :: ('MESH:C014282', 'Chemical') :: ['Cirazoline', 'cirazoline']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity783 is a structurally unique histone deacetylase inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for therapy of relapsed or refractory @entity784 ( @entity784 ). Localized electron beam radiation therapy (LEBT) is standard practice in the care of @entity1 with chronically traumatized and @entity158 . Combination therapy of those two modalities may be beneficial for the therapy of @entity784 . OBJECTIVES: To report observations on supportive LEBT utilized for isolated @entity75 in @entity1 on @entity783 . METHODS: Observations were made during a phase II clinical trial sponsored by the National @entity5 Institute (NCI-1312) examining the efficacy of @entity783 for @entity1 with relapsed, refractory or advanced @entity784 , stage IB- @entity3480 ( @entity4888 ) or S  zary syndrome. Skin responses were assessed by evaluation of five target lesions only. @entity1 with objective clinical responses in target lesions who had symptomatic nontarget lesions were allowed limited LEBT to isolated lesions for symptomatic relief. @entity1 who received localized radiation were not considered complete responders at any point. RESULTS: Five @entity1 with advanced @entity4888 (three stage IIB and two stage IVA2) received LEBT to symptomatic nontarget lesions while on a protocol with @entity783 . None of these @entity1 experienced additional or unexpected @entity137 . Four of the five @entity1 demonstrated fast and durable responses. We noted that significantly lower than standard doses of LEBT effectively treated symptomatic lesions in these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: LEBT demonstrated significant responses at very low doses without additional @entity137 in @entity1 on protocol treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor @entity783 . This merits formal investigation in a clinical trial for potential synergy in @entity1 with @entity784 .

title: Low-dose electron beam radiation and XXXX therapy for symptomatic @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3480 :: ('MESH:C538167', 'Disease') :: ['IVA mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['refractory lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity783 :: ('MESH:C087123', 'Chemical') :: ['romidepsin', 'Romidepsin']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['CTCL', 'cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful lesions']

answer: @entity783 :: (MESH:C087123,Chemical) :: ['romidepsin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6985 is approved for the treatment of @entity417 with @entity734 ( @entity734 ) in @entity1 with lower-risk @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) with 5q deletion (del5q- @entity2590 ), but its "real-life" use and effect on transfusion needs are unclear. In the current study, the authors examined its use in the Medicare population. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2590 who were enrolled in Medicare Parts A, B, and D were identified using International Classification of Diseases 9-Clinical Modification (ICD-9) codes from 100% Medicare claims from 2006 through 2008. @entity1 were followed until the end of the study or @entity204 . Claims were used to determine time to initiation of @entity6985 , daily dose, duration, and other @entity2590 therapies. Transfusion status was defined each week based on transfusion use in rolling 8-week period: @entity734 , required transfusions during 2 weeks, separated by >=  3 weeks; transfusion user (TU), 1 transfusion; and transfusion independence (TI), no transfusions. RESULTS: A total of 753 of 23,855 @entity1 (3.2%) received @entity6985 , including 31% of 470 @entity1 with del5q- @entity2590 . At the time of @entity6985 initiation, 33% of @entity1 were @entity734 , 31% were TU, and 36% were TI. The median time to @entity6985 initiation was shorter for @entity1 with del5q- @entity2590 than for other lower-risk @entity1 (8 weeks vs 20 weeks; P < .01). The percentage of @entity1 with del5q- @entity2590 receiving @entity6985 increased over time. @entity6985 initiation was found to be negatively associated with older age and baseline @entity6 , @entity64 , and @entity8 . During the observation period, 44% of TU/ @entity734 @entity1 (53% of the @entity1 with del5q- @entity2590 ) achieved reductions in transfusion use; among @entity734 @entity1 receiving >=  3 cycles, 77% reduced their transfusion use and 40% achieved TI. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first report of @entity6985 use in a large Medicare-enrolled population with @entity2590 . Reductions in transfusion rates were overall consistent with data from clinical trials. Response rates were higher when >=  3 @entity6985 cycles were received.

title: @entity6985 performance in the real world: patterns of use and effectiveness in a Medicare population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['transfusion dependence', 'TD']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: @entity99 can arise from portal-systemic shunting in the absence of @entity409 . However, there are few descriptions of this form of @entity75 . @entity715 is an infrequent disease that causes portal-systemic shunting. Episodic @entity99 has been described in @entity1 with @entity715 , but it is not known if these @entity1 develop minimal @entity99 . We designed a study to investigate the neurological consequences of @entity715 in @entity1 without @entity82 and no clinical signs of @entity75 . For this purpose, 10 @entity1 underwent neuropsychological tests, an oral @entity1160 challenge test, and brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The results were compared with those obtained in 10 healthy controls. @entity1 with @entity715 exhibited abnormalities in the results of neuropsychological tests, oral @entity1160 challenge test, and MR similar to those described in @entity99 associated with @entity82 . MR spectroscopy revealed a decrease in @entity8580 and an increase in @entity1160 . The increase in @entity1160 correlated with an increase in @entity3265 following the oral @entity1160 challenge test, signs of increased brain water (decrease in magnetization transfer ratio), and @entity73 tests. In conclusion, @entity1 with noncirrhotic @entity715 develop subclinical @entity16 compatible with minimal @entity99 . These disturbances, which include signs of increase in brain water and a compensatory osmotic response (decrease in brain @entity8580 ), appear to be secondary to brain exposure to @entity3265 induced by portal-systemic shunting.

title: Noncirrhotic @entity715 exhibits neuropsychological and MR changes consistent with minimal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of attention']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Portal vein thrombosis', 'portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'Hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']


abstract: A @entity404 + @entity11217 -recognizing autoreactive T-cell line (BASL1) and clone (BASL1.1) were examined for their antitumor activity against major histocompatibility complex class II- syngeneic Meth A @entity1492 (Meth A), which was immunofluorescently stained with monoclonal antibody specific for @entity11217 . In in vitro proliferative assay, BASL1.1 was suggested to recognize Meth A-derived @entity11217 presented by syngeneic antigen-presenting cells in a major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted manner. This cell line and clone showed antitumor activity in @entity5 -neutralizing (Winn) assay. BASL1 and BASL1.1 cells produced gamma-interferon, @entity5 @entity39 factor, and @entity1199 but not @entity3646 by the stimulation with syngeneic spleen cells. In cytolytic assay, these cell lines and clones showed neither direct nor indirect (bystander) cytolysis against Meth A. In cytostatic assay, these cells inhibited the proliferation of Meth A in the presence of syngeneic macrophages, and this activity was abrogated by the addition of anti-gamma-interferon monoclonal antibody. Recombinant gamma-interferon could induce cytostatic activity only in the presence of macrophages, and @entity5 @entity39 factor synergized this activity. Antitumor activity induced by BASL1 was abrogated by the administration of anti- @entity405 monoclonal antibody in vivo, suggesting that @entity405 + cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are essential and final effector cells for BASL1-mediated Meth A rejection. These findings indicate that @entity404 + autoreactive and @entity11217 -recognizing T-cells show two types of antitumor activity: cytostasis and induction of @entity5 -specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, these results imply that @entity5 -specific immunity could be elicited by @entity404 + helper T-cells which recognize hsp.

title: Autoreactive and heat shock protein 60-recognizing @entity404 + T-cells show antitumor activity against syngeneic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is a rare and aggressive @entity5 arising predominantly on sun-exposed skin of older and usually immunosuppressed individuals. METHODS: Using data from NCI's SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Program from 1973 to 2006, we analyzed the demographics and survival of @entity3852 . RESULTS: SEER had recorded 3870 cases of @entity3852 . The incidence was higher in @entity1 (2380 cases, 61.5%) than in @entity1 (1490 cases, 38.5%). Most @entity1 were White (94.9%) between 60 and 85 years of age. @entity3852 was rare in Blacks. The most common location was the head and neck. The salivary glands, nasal cavity, lip, lymph nodes, vulva, vagina and esophagus were the most common extracutaneous sites. The 10-year relative survival rate was higher in @entity1 than @entity1 (64.8% vs. 50.5%, p < 0.001). @entity1 50-69 years had the highest 10-year relative survival rate (59.6%). Stage of disease was the best predictor of survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3852 arises predominantly in the skin of head and neck in White @entity1 above 70 years of age. Cases also occurred in extracutaneous sites. Age did not predict survival, yet gender, site and @entity5 size revealed clear differences. The most significant predictor of survival was @entity5 stage.

title: XXXX demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['MCC', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity7008 ( @entity2796 ), a hepatotoxin used to ascertain the role of astrocytes in @entity99 , was administered to prepare four experimental groups of @entity35 . (The TAA1D, @entity19707 .5D, TAA2D, and TAA2.5D group @entity35 were perfusion fixated with @entity406 at 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 days, respectively, after initial administration of @entity2796 . In addition, @entity2796 was readministered to the TAA2D and TAA2.5D @entity35 24 h after the first dose.) @entity75 and equilibrium that progressed with time were apparent in the @entity35 receiving @entity2796 . On the other hand, innate reflexes (e.g. pupillary reflex) were similar to those in the normal control group. Astrocyte cell areas in the hippocampus, neocortex, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia (striatum) from the @entity2796 @entity35 were significantly larger than in corresponding sites from the normal @entity35 (maximum in TAA1D and @entity19707 .5D groups). However, there were no differences with respect to the midbrain. Any morphological difference was not observed in neurons between the @entity99 and normal @entity35 . Administration of @entity2796 caused hepatic tissue injury that progressed over time. Surprisingly, @entity75 was apparent even when @entity99 was mild. These findings suggest that abnormalities in astrocytes, which precede any abnormal change in neurons, play a role in the development of @entity99 .

title: The role of astrocytes in the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['Thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities of higher brain function', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy', 'hepatic injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']


abstract: Presently, there are few validated biomarkers that can predict survival or treatment response for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and most are based on @entity5 markers. Biomarkers based on germ line DNA variations represent a valuable complementary strategy, which could have translational implications by subclassifying @entity1 to tailored, @entity1 -specific treatment. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 53 inflammation-related genes among 651 @entity1149 @entity1 . Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for @entity2 prognostic factors, were used to assess the association of genotypes and haplotypes with overall survival. Four of the top 15 SNPs associated with survival were located in the @entity3049 ( @entity3049 ) gene. The T-allele of the top ranked SNP ( @entity46614 ) was associated with a 41% increased risk of @entity204 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-1.70) and the other three @entity3049 SNPs ( @entity30313 , @entity46615 and @entity46616 ) exhibited a 35% (95% CI = 1.11-1.65), 29% (95% CI = 1.06-1.57) and 24% (95% CI = 0.99-1.54) increased risk of @entity204 , respectively. Haplotype analyses revealed that the most common risk haplotype (TCTT) was associated with a 78% (95% CI = 1.25-2.54) increased risk of @entity204 compared with the low-risk haplotype (CGCC). When the data were stratified by treatment, the risk haplotypes exhibited statistically significantly increased risk of @entity204 among @entity1 who had surgery only and no statistically significant effects among @entity1 who had surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. These data suggest that possessing one or more risk alleles in @entity3049 is associated with an increased risk of @entity204 . Validated germ line biomarkers may have potential important clinical implications by optimizing @entity1 -specific treatment.

title: @entity3049 polymorphisms and haplotypes associated with increased risk of @entity204 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3049 :: ('8795', 'Gene') :: ['TNFRSF10B', 'TNF-receptor superfamily member 10b']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a new method of local, sustained-release chemotherapy by use of intralesional @entity900 implants were evaluated in the treatment of oral @entity320 . The implant is an injectable viscous gel composed of a protein carrier matrix, a vasoactive modifier, and a chemotherapeutic drug. Twenty @entity235 with biopsy-proven @entity320 were treated at 1- to 2-week intervals by injection with @entity900 implant. @entity5 were treated until they resolved or were judged to be unresponsive. In 3 @entity235 with @entity5 unresponsive to @entity900 implants, methotrexate implants were used, and in 2 of these @entity235 , @entity3600 implants followed the methotrexate. @entity5 responses were evaluated by sequential measurements. @entity320 in 14 (70%) of 20 @entity235 had a > 50% decrease in volume, and in 11 (55%) of these @entity235 , had a complete response. @entity5 with complete responses received a mean @entity900 dose of 11.7 +/- 1.8 mg, delivered in a mean of 2.6 treatments. Two of the @entity235 with complete response also were treated with @entity1499 and @entity3600 . Implants were well tolerated. Local @entity39 , limited to the treatment site, developed in most @entity5 (17/20) and was associated with @entity5 response. Systemic @entity8956 was minimal; @entity177 after @entity900 implants was not evident. Median survival times of @entity235 with complete @entity5 response (51 weeks) was substantially greater than that of @entity235 without @entity5 control (10.5 weeks). Recursive partitioning analysis of variables indicated that @entity5 of short duration were associated with a positive outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intralesional implant for treatment of primary oral @entity320 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mandibular tumors', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity8956 :: ('MESH:C565846', 'Disease') :: ['toxicosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'Melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Right ventricular (RV) failure is a major cause of mortality in @entity358 and @entity712 . The objective of this study was to demonstrate a percutaneous approach to study biventricular hemodynamics in @entity19 models of primary and secondary RV pressure overload (RVPO) and further explore biventricular expression of two key proteins that regulate cardiac remodeling: calcineurin and @entity641 ( @entity641 ). METHODS: Adult, male @entity19 underwent constriction of the pulmonary artery or thoracic aorta as models of primary and secondary RVPO, respectively. Conductance catheterization was performed followed by tissue analysis for changes in myocyte @entity1184 and @entity82 . RESULTS: Both primary and secondary RVPO decreased @entity64 work however RV instantaneous peak pressure (dP/dtmax) and end-systolic elastance (Ees) were preserved in both groups compared to controls. In contrast, left ventricular (LV) dP/dtmax and LV-Ees were unchanged by primary, but reduced in the secondary RVPO group. The ratio of RV:LV ventriculo-arterial coupling was increased in primary and reduced in secondary RVPO. Primary and secondary RVPO increased RV mass, while LV mass decreased in primary and increased in the secondary RVPO groups. RV @entity82 and @entity1184 were increased in both groups, while LV @entity82 and @entity1184 were increased in secondary RVPO only. RV calcineurin expression was increased in both groups, while LV expression increased in secondary RVPO only. Biventricular @entity641 expression was increased in both groups. CONCLUSION: These data identify distinct effects of primary and secondary RVPO on biventricular structure, function, and expression of key remodeling pathways.

title: Biventricular remodeling in XXXX models of right ventricular pressure overload.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta 1', 'TGFb1']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: DNA methylation and BLC-2 are potential therapeutic targets in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). We investigated pharmacologic interaction between the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor @entity2591 (5-AZA) and the @entity588 inhibitor @entity2427 . Increased @entity588 expression determined by reverse phase protein analysis was associated with poor survival in @entity3052 @entity1 with unfavorable cytogenetics (n   =   195). We found that 5-AZA, which itself has modest apoptotic activity, acts synergistically with @entity2427 to induce apoptosis. The 5-AZA/ @entity2427 combination enhanced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, as evidenced by effective conformational activation of @entity589 and      (m) loss. Although absence of @entity876 limited apoptotic activities of 5-AZA and @entity2427 as single agents, the combination synergistically induced apoptosis independent of @entity876 expression. 5-AZA down-regulated @entity2423 , known to mediate resistance to @entity2427 , in a @entity876 -independent manner. The 5-AZA/ @entity2427 combination synergistically induced apoptosis in @entity3052 cells in seven of eight @entity1 . 5-AZA significantly reduced @entity2423 levels in two of three samples examined. Our data provide a molecular rationale for this combination strategy in @entity3052 therapy.

title: Concomitant inhibition of DNA methyltransferase and @entity588 protein function synergistically induce mitochondrial apoptosis in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['5-azacytidine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: We determined the value of MR for detecting abnormalities of the uterus caused by in utero exposure to @entity4742 in @entity1 in whom such abnormalities were evident on hysterosalpingography. Of 200 @entity1 with a history of @entity4742 exposure in utero, 12 had undergone hysterosalpingography as part of an @entity249 workup. Five of these volunteered to undergo MR imaging of the pelvis. @entity854 in all five @entity1 . Abnormalities included @entity509 of the uterine cavity (3/5), a T-shaped uterine cavity (3/5), constrictions of the uterine cavity (3/5), irregular margins of the uterine cavity (2/5), bilateral hydrosalpinges (2/5), and a diverticulum of a fallopian tube (1/5). MR images showed abnormalities in all five @entity1 . These included @entity509 of the uterine cavity, uterine corpus, and cervix (3/5); a T-shaped uterine cavity (3/5); constrictions of the uterine cavity (3/5); and bilateral hydrosalpinges (2/5). There was an excellent correlation between the findings on MR images and those on hysterosalpingograms. A thick junctional zone was identified on MR as the cause of constrictions of the uterine cavity seen on hysterosalpingography. MR failed to show the irregular margins of the uterine cavity in two of five cases and a diverticulum of the fallopian tube. We conclude that MR can be used to detect @entity509 and other @entity154 of the uterus in @entity1 with a history of @entity4742 exposure in utero.

title: @entity854 and cervix after XXXX exposure: correlation of findings on MR and hysterosalpingography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Hysterosalpingography showed abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the presence and magnitude of social inequalities in mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the population aged 8-18  years in 11 European countries. METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in representative samples of @entity1 /adolescents (8-18  years) from the participating countries of the KIDSCREEN project. Mental health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and HRQOL by means of the KIDSCREEN-10. @entity159 ( @entity159 ) was assessed using the Family Affluence Scale and parental level of education. The association between health outcomes and @entity159 was analyzed with the regression-based relative index of inequalities (RII) and population attributable risk. RESULTS: A total of 16,210 parent- @entity1 pairs were included. The SDQ showed inequalities in mental health according to family level of education in all countries (RII  =  1.45; 1.37-1.53). The RII for HRQOL was 2.15 (1.79-2.59) in the whole sample, with less consistent results by age and country. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic inequalities in mental health were consistently found across Europe. Future research should clarify the causes of these inequalities and define initiatives which prevent them continuing into adulthood.

title: Socioeconomic inequalities in mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in XXXX and adolescents from 11 European countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['Socioeconomic status', 'SES']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We studied the analgesic efficacy of @entity1340 2 mg kg(-1) for post-operative @entity1337 after day-case adenoidectomy in @entity1 aged 1-3 yr. Eighty @entity1 were allocated randomly to receive @entity1340 2 mg kg(-1) i.v. or placebo immediately after induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with @entity680 10 microg kg(-1) and @entity1875 4 mg kg(-1) followed by mivacurium 0.2 mg kg(-1) for tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia was continued with @entity2614 in @entity3810 and @entity26 . All @entity1 were given @entity5018 rectally at approximately 10 mg kg(-1) before the start of surgery. @entity158 and recovery assessments were performed by a nurse blinded to the analgesic treatment using the Aldrete recovery score, the @entity158 /discomfort scale and measurement of recovery times. Rescue medication ( @entity6882 in increments of 5 mg i.v.) was administered according to the @entity158 scores. A post-operative questionnaire was used to evaluate the need for @entity1337 at home up to 24 h after operation. Rescue analgesic at home was rectal or oral @entity5018 125 mg. @entity1 in the @entity1340 group required fewer @entity6882 doses than those in the placebo group (P = 0.014). Forty-five per cent of @entity1 receiving @entity1340 did not require post-operative @entity1337 at all compared with 15% of @entity1 receiving placebo (P = 0.003). Recovery times and the incidence of adverse effects were similar in the two groups in the recovery room and at home. The requirement for rectal @entity5018 at home did not differ between groups.

title: Analgesic efficacy of XXXX 2 mg kg(-1) for paediatric day-case adenoidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['tramadol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of salvage radiation or surgery for locally recurrent @entity5 after initial treatment for clinically localized @entity263 . METHODS: The treatment records of 70 @entity1 with local treatment failure after definitive therapy for clinically localized @entity263 were reviewed. Initial treatment consisted of external beam @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in 27 @entity1 and radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP) in 43 @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean serum PSA levels were similar in both groups before initial treatment: 8.5 and 10.5 ng/mL for the salvage RP and salvage @entity1161 groups, respectively (P = 0.09). However, at the time of salvage treatment, the mean serum PSA levels were 9.1 and 1.1 ng/mL for the salvage RP and salvage @entity1161 groups, respectively (P = 0.0001). The mean time from @entity5 recurrence to salvage treatment was 15.6 months for the salvage RP group and 4.9 months for the salvage @entity1161 group (P = 0.0001 ). Although there was no statistical difference in the disease-free survival rate (P = 0.38), a trend for better disease control in the salvage @entity1161 group was evident (74.4% versus 44.4%). @entity1 treated with salvage RP had a higher rate of @entity322 than those undergoing salvage @entity1161 : 63% and 32.6%, respectively (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The disease-free survival rate was similar between @entity1 receiving salvage RP or @entity1161 , despite the significantly higher serum PSA levels at the time of treatment and the delay in time to treatment for the salvage RP @entity1 . Salvage RP is associated with a high rate of @entity322 . Earlier identification of @entity5 recurrence after @entity1161 may improve the efficacy and safety of salvage RP.

title: Salvage surgery or salvage radiotherapy for locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant number of @entity5 are caused by defects in @entity3544 causing functional defects in @entity3544 or @entity876 @entity5 -suppressor proteins. This has led to many therapeutic approaches including restoration by gene therapy with wild-type @entity876 or @entity3544 using viral or liposomal vectors, which have @entity137 or side-effect limitations. We set out to develop a safer, novel fusion protein which has the ability to reconstitute @entity5 cell lines with active @entity3544 by protein transduction. METHODS: The fusion protein was produced from the cell-translocating peptide Antennapedia (Antp) and wild-type, full-length @entity3544 (Antp- @entity3544 ). This was expressed and refolded from @entity526 and tested on a variety of cell lines and @entity5 (in a BALB/c nude xenograft model) with differing @entity3544 or @entity876 status. RESULTS: Antp- @entity3544 penetrated and killed @entity5 cells that do not express wild type @entity876 or @entity3544 . This included cells that were matched to cogenic parental cell lines. Antp- @entity3544 killed @entity5 cells selectively that were malignant as a result of mutations or nuclear exclusion of the @entity876 and @entity3544 genes and over-expression of @entity7465 . Non-specific @entity137 was excluded by showing that Antp- @entity3544 penetrated but did not kill @entity876 - or @entity3544 - wild-type cells. Antp- @entity3544 was not immunogenic in normal New Zealand White @entity95 . Recombinant Antp peptide alone was not cytotoxic, showing that killing was due to the transduction of the @entity3544 component of Antp- @entity3544 . Antp- @entity3544 was shown to penetrate @entity5 cells engrafted in vivo and resulted in @entity5 eradication when administered with conventionally-used chemotherapeutic agents, which alone were unable to produce such an effect. CONCLUSIONS: Antp- @entity3544 may represent a new and promising targeted therapy for @entity1 with @entity876 -associated @entity5 supporting the concept that rational design of therapies directed against specific @entity5 mutations will play a part in the future of medical oncology.

title: Generation of a selectively cytotoxic fusion protein against XXXX mutated @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: We tested whether acute pressure overloading of the left ventricle (LV) had spatially different effects on repolarization, thereby causing @entity943 . The effects of @entity2287 ( @entity15311 ), a nonspecific blocker of stretch-activated channels were also examined. In anesthetized @entity235 , 5 s clamping of the ascending aorta (AC), separated by 5-min intervals, was repeated while monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded from the LV endocardium and epicardium. @entity15311 was injected into the left atrium before the second (500 micromol) and third AC (2500 micromol) (n=10). In a separate group (n=7), the effects of @entity15311 in the presence of @entity1855 were examined. Epicardial MAP durations at 50% and 90% repolarization (APD50; APD90) shortened in response to LV pressure rise and elongation of the segment length induced by the first AC, whereas @entity11459 durations remained unchanged. Thus, the difference in APD50 and APD90 increased. Consistent with these changes, @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) developed. @entity15311 had no effect on baseline MAP durations, however it prevented an AC-induced increase in the difference by suppressing @entity3207 . @entity15311 also reduced @entity1540 in a dose-dependent manner at plasma concentrations of 1-4 micromol/L. The effects were also evident after administration of @entity1855 . Thus, @entity2287 suppressed an increase in the spatial dispersion of repolarization and @entity943 via a mechanism of action different from that of @entity1855 .

title: XXXX suppresses stretch-induced increases in the differences in epicardial and endocardial monophasic action potential durations and @entity943 in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity11459 :: ('MESH:D004695', 'Disease') :: ['endocardial MAP']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial MAP shortening']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['Gadolinium']


abstract: PURPOSE: Complications of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) @entity3 from @entity2 are rare and the optimal management remains controversial. Whereas some authors advocate a nonoperative policy due to the poor prognosis, others recommend aggressive surgery as it offers effective palliation. The aim of this study is to present our experience with nine @entity1 who underwent a laparotomy for complications of GIT @entity3 and to determine their outcome. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2005, nine @entity1 who underwent a laparotomy for complications of pathologically proven GIT @entity3 @entity2 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All @entity1 were male with a median age of 63 years (range, 40-70 years) at initial presentation. The sites of symptomatic GIT @entity3 include the ileum (n = 3), jejunum (n = 3), cecum (n = 1), duodenum (n = 2) and stomach (n = 2) and the @entity1 presented with obstruction (n = 2), @entity548 (n = 3), intussusception (n = 3) and perforation (n = 1). The median time of symptomatic GIT @entity3 from initial presentation was 2 months (range, 0-8 months) and the histological subtypes of the @entity2 were @entity957 (n = 3), large cell @entity189 (n = 3), @entity420 (n = 1), @entity189 (n = 1) and pleomorphic with @entity420 (n = 1). All @entity1 underwent an exploratory laparotomy and the definitive surgical procedure was dependent on the site and extent of disease. These included a small bowel resection with primary @entity254 (n = 5), a subtotal gastrectomy with an extended right hemicolectomy (n = 1), a gastrojejunostomy (n = 1), a right hemicolectomy (n = 1), and an ulcerectomy with under-running of @entity1066 (n = 1). Eight of the nine @entity1 (89%) recovered from surgery and were then discharged from hospital at a median time of 9.5 days (range, 6-24 days). All these eight @entity1 survived for more than 30 days and the median survival was 6 months (range, 2-13 months). Four of the 8 @entity1 (50%) lived for more than 6 months and all eight @entity1 died of advanced metastatic @entity2 with multiple sites of @entity3 at the time of @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal tract @entity3 should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity2 @entity1 presenting with an acute abdomen. Aggressive surgical treatment is worthwhile in a selected group of @entity1 as it provides effective palliation.

title: Laparotomy for acute complications of gastrointestinal @entity3 from XXXX : is it a worthwhile or futile effort?

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'secondary to lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Knowledge of @entity5 mutational status has become a priority for effective @entity1149 -tailored treatment. @entity1149 diagnosis is more often reached through biopsy; thus, there is a clear need to implement for routine @entity5 molecular profiling on small cytological samples. This work aims to screen and compare the @entity470 and @entity984 mutational prevalence in fresh @entity5 cells and in corresponding routinely processed samples derived from trans-thoracic fine-needle aspiration. The latter currently represents the most appropriate diagnostic procedure in case of @entity1897 , such as @entity420 , which account for almost 40% of all NSCLCs and for the highest @entity470 mutational rates. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-four @entity1 carrying peripheral lung masses underwent CT-guided aspiration. The obtained material was split, and a part was addressed to conventional histopathological analysis while the remaining one was stored at -20   C. In case of confirmation of @entity420 , @entity5 genomic DNA was extracted from both fresh and fixed material, and @entity470 and @entity984 sequencing was performed. RESULTS: We identified 136 @entity420 ; from 134, we could recover enough material for the study. A full match was demonstrated between @entity470 / @entity984 mutational prevalences through the two approaches tested. We found @entity470 mutations in 13 @entity1 (9.7%); 7 were females and 11 never or former smokers. @entity984 mutations occurred in 20 (14.9%) @entity1 . @entity470 and @entity984 mutations were mutually exclusive. CONCLUSIONS: Mutational screening on fresh @entity5 cells is an achievable, safe and cost-effective procedure which might allow routinely @entity5 molecular profiling as powerful integration of conventional histopathological analysis.

title: XXXX and @entity984 mutational profiling in fresh @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lesions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4693 single nucleotide polymorphism in complement component ( @entity3432 ) is associated with increased risk of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Although this novel variant is associated with a small effect size and is unlikely to be useful as a predictor of @entity195 risk, it might provide insights into @entity195 pathogenesis. We examined the association between @entity4693 and @entity75 in nondemented older individuals. METHODS: We used @entity4359 -Pittsburgh Compound-B positron emission tomography to quantify brain amyloid burden in 57 nondemented older individuals (mean age 78.5 years) in the neuroimaging substudy of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. In a replication study, we analyzed (11)C-Pittsburgh Compound-B positron emission tomography data from 22 cognitively normal older individuals (mean age 77.1 years) in the @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. RESULTS: Risk allele carriers of @entity4693 have lower brain amyloid burden relative to noncarriers. There is a strikingly greater variability in @entity75 in the noncarrier group relative to risk carriers, an effect explained partly by @entity2204 genotype. In noncarriers of the @entity3432 risk allele, @entity2204 individuals showed significantly higher brain amyloid burden relative to @entity2204 noncarriers. We also independently replicate our observation of lower brain amyloid burden in risk allele carriers of @entity4693 in the @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative sample. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest complex mechanisms underlying the interaction of @entity3432 , @entity2204 , and brain amyloid pathways in @entity195 . Our results are relevant to treatments targeting brain Ab in nondemented individuals at risk for @entity195 and suggest that clinical outcomes of such treatments might be influenced by complex gene-gene interactions.

title: Effect of complement @entity3432 on brain amyloid burden during aging and its modification by XXXX genotype.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APOE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: McConnell recommended that patellar tape be kept on all day, until @entity1 learn how to activate their vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) during an exercise program. This application may pose problems because prolonged taping may be inadvisable for some @entity1 or even contraindicated owing to skin discomfort, irritation, or @entity56 . HYPOTHESIS: Wearing patellofemoral tape for a shorter duration during an exercise program would be just as beneficial as a prolonged taping application. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 and 16 healthy @entity1 participated. @entity1 underwent short-period patellar taping plus an exercise program for 3 months. Numeric @entity158 rating, muscle strength of the knee extensors, and electromyogram activity of the vastus lateralis and VMO were evaluated. RESULTS: There were significant differences in electromyogram activity (P = .04) and knee extensor muscle strength (P = .03) between involved and uninvolved sides before treatment. After treatment, @entity158 scores decreased, and there were no significant differences between involved and uninvolved sides in electromyogram activity (P = .68) and knee extensor strength (P = .62). Before treatment, mean VMO activation started significantly later than that of vastus lateralis, as compared with the matched healthy control group (P = .01). After treatment, these differences were nonsignificant (P = .08). CONCLUSION: Short-period patellar taping plus an exercise program improves VMO and vastus lateralis activation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A shorter period of taping for the exercise program may be as beneficial as a prolonged taping application.

title: The effect of an exercise program in conjunction with short-period patellar taping on XXXX , electromyogram activity, and muscle strength in @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Primary mediastinal mesotheliomas are rare @entity5 . The mesothelial lining cells of the the pericardium are suggested as the most probable cells of origin. Most of these @entity5 appear either as a diffuse or nodular thickening of the pericardium that encase and even invade the heart. Localized mediastinal mesotheliomas are distinctly uncommon. We report the imaging findings of a solitary malignant mediastinal mesothelioma that presented mainly as a cystic anterior mediastinal mass. On chest radiography, the @entity5 appeared as a right paramediastinal soft tissue mass located adjacent to the right middle and lower lobes. On CT, a large, well-circumscribed, right anterior mediastinal mass with a central zone of fluid attenuation was observed. This mass had a thin, smooth wall of uniform thickness as well as a small component that demonstrated soft tissue attenuation. There was no plane of separation between the @entity5 and aorta/superior vena cava. At surgery the @entity5 could be dissected easily free from the pericardium and great vessels and it was removed totally. Histopathological examination of the @entity5 revealed a @entity3620 .

title: Incidental localized (solitary) mediastinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant epitheloid mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: To define and identify @entity2331 and mineral alterations induced by chronic heavy alcoholism in @entity1 without severe @entity409 , we studied a prospective series of unselected @entity1 admitted to a 300-bed general hospital in Barcelona (Spain). A total of 26 chronic heavy drinkers of more than 150 g/day for at least 3 years were included. A general analytic and hormonal study, including liver biopsy in cases with any abnormality in liver function tests, and plasma and urine biochemistry with @entity460 regulating hormones and osteocalcin levels were determined. A transiliac bone biopsy after double- @entity803 labeling, with histomorphometric study of undecalcified bone, was performed. Statistical analysis was adjusted by age and sex by means of logistic regression. A total of 26 (20 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) chronic @entity167 abusers were studied. After adjustment for age and sex, @entity988 @entity1 showed slight but significantly increased concentrations of plasma @entity460 (9.56 +/- 0.56; OR = 17.93; 95% CI 3.17-101.48) and decreased cPTH (0.36 +/- 0.11; OR = 0.097; 95% CI 0.018-0.528) compared with controls. Osteocalcin values were low (1.49 +/- 0.89, normal range 1.8-6.6). There was a significant decrease in bone volume, BV/TV (12.56 +/- 5.29; OR = 0.06; 95% CI 0.01-0.34), with increased resorption surfaces, ES/BS (4.28 +/- 2.43; OR = 9.86; 95% CI 2.16-45.07), and @entity101 , N.Oc/TA (0.21 +/- 0.37; OR = 6.41; 95% CI 1.27-32.25).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity167 -induced bone disease in the absence of severe chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased osteoclast number']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic bone disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver damage']


abstract: @entity6425 is the most common cause of severe @entity1902 during childhood worldwide, especially in developing countries. Two rotavirus vaccines are available for childhood immunization programs. Evaluation of the vaccine performance will benefit from knowledge of the epidemiological features of @entity6425 in regional settings. Limited information on the molecular characteristics of the rotavirus types circulating in Venezuela is available. Eighty seven (89.7%) of the 97 ELISA rotavirus positive stool samples collected from @entity1 with @entity294 aged <5 years during 2003 in Valencia (Carabobo State), were G-, P- and @entity20466 -genotyped by RT-PCR and/or automated sequencing. Four common combinations, @entity39289 [8]/ @entity20466 -E1, @entity19296 [4]/ @entity20466 -E2, @entity28336 [8]/ @entity20466 -E1, and G1P[8]/ @entity20466 -E1 were responsible for 50.6%, 35.6%, 5.7%, and 1.1%, respectively of cases of rotavirus @entity294 , most of them (66%) in @entity1  <=12 months. One uncommon G8P[14]/ @entity20466 -E2 strain was also detected. Temporal fluctuation of genotype distribution occurred, but no differences by age, @entity294 severity score, sex, treatment type or @entity1 medical attention were observed, except for the G3P[8]/ @entity20466 -E1, associated with a more severe dehydration than any other type (P   <   0.01). The results confirm the broad diversity among rotavirus strains circulating in Venezuela prior to vaccine implementation, showing the predominance of G3, significant proportion of G2 and moderate circulation of G9 strains. Epidemiological surveillance is needed to detect the emergence of new genotypes that could escape protection induced by vaccination.

title: Genotyping of @entity1 rotaviruses circulating among XXXX with @entity294 in Valencia, Venezuela.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28336 :: ('p|SUB|G|9|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G9P']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity39289 :: ('p|SUB|G|3|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G3P']

entities_list: @entity19296 :: ('p|SUB|G|2|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G2P']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection', 'Rotavirus infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine current practice in the treatment of all categories of popliteal @entity439 (PA) in light of the efficacy of intraarterial thrombolysis in PA presenting as @entity63 . METHODS: Prospective data collected from 19 vascular surgeons from 200 PA in 137 @entity1 during a 4-year period from 1989. RESULTS: The most common presentation (125 PA) was @entity63 , with the most severe symptom being claudication in 58, acute limb-threatening @entity63 in 56, and digital @entity11986 in 11 limbs. The nonischemic group (75 PA) included 43 symptom-free cases and 32 cases with local symptoms arising from the popliteal fossa. Of 62 @entity1 requiring emergency treatment, bypasses were done in 56, 10 of whom had early occlusion. Thrombolysis was used alone or in combination with bypass on 23 occasions, with 16 successful outcomes. Of 138 PA presenting electively, 80 underwent bypass, with one early occlusion, and 58 were observed. In the observed group, 18 later underwent bypass during a median follow-up of 22 months. The indications for late bypass were expansion of a small (< 2 cm) asymptomatic PA and the development of @entity63 . There were 18 deaths in the observed group because of medical unfitness; @entity63 did not develop during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Intraarterial thrombolysis is of value in restoring the distal run off before bypass in PA presenting as acute limb-threatening @entity63 . However, the results do not justify an expectant policy for asymptomatic @entity439 .

title: A multicenter study of popliteal XXXX . Joint Vascular Research Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity11986 :: ('MESH:D017700', 'Disease') :: ['atheroembolism']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemia', 'distal ischemia', 'leg ischemia', 'ischemia', 'limb ischemia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: In @entity35 with @entity586 ( @entity587 )-induced @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ), repeated low-frequency electrical stimulation of acupuncture needles restores whole-body insulin sensitivity measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. We hypothesized that electrical stimulation causing muscle contractions and manual stimulation causing needle sensation have different effects on insulin sensitivity and related signaling pathways in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, with electrical stimulation being more effective in @entity587 -induced @entity3610 @entity35 . From age 70 days, @entity35 received manual or low-frequency electrical stimulation of needles in abdominal and hind limb muscle five times/wk for 4-5 wks; controls were handled but untreated @entity35 . Low-frequency electrical stimulation modified gene expression (decreased @entity51567 in soleus, increased @entity51568 in mesenteric fat) and protein expression (increased pAS160/AS160, @entity51568 and decreased @entity19617 ) by western blot and increased @entity19617 expression by immunohistochemistry in soleus muscle; @entity413 clearance during oral @entity413 tolerance tests was unaffected. Manual stimulation led to faster @entity413 clearance and modified mainly gene expression in mesenteric adipose tissue (increased @entity51568 , @entity10861 / @entity2509 , @entity51569 , @entity9096 ), but not protein expression to the same extent; however, @entity51568 was reduced in soleus muscle. The novel finding is that electrical and manual muscle stimulation affect @entity413 homeostasis in @entity587 -induced @entity3610 @entity35 through different mechanisms. Repeated electrical stimulation regulated key functional molecular pathways important for insulin sensitivity in soleus muscle and mesenteric adipose tissue to a larger extent than manual stimulation. Manual stimulation improved whole-body @entity413 tolerance, an effect not observed after electrical stimulation, but did not affect molecular signaling pathways to the same extent as electrical stimulation. Although more functional signaling pathways related to insulin sensitivity were affected by electrical stimulation, our findings suggest that manual stimulation of acupuncture needles has a greater effect on @entity413 tolerance. The underlying mechanism of the differential effects of the intermittent manual and the continuous electrical stimulation remains to be elucidated.

title: Electrical vs manual acupuncture stimulation in a XXXX model of @entity3610 : different effects on muscle and fat tissue insulin signaling.

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The purpose of our work was to evaluate the efficacy of second breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and reirradiation with interstitial @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy (BT) for the management of local recurrences. Between 1999 and 2010, fifteen @entity1 initially treated for @entity0 by BCS and radiation therapy who had isolated intra-breast recurrence underwent second BCS and perioperative @entity1168 multicatheter BT. @entity0 related events, late side effects, and cosmetic results were assessed. At a median follow-up of 62 months (range: 11-127) second local recurrence has not occurred, yielding a 100% mastectomy-free survival. Four @entity1 (27%) developed subsequent distant @entity3 and died of @entity0 . The 5-year actuarial rate of disease-free and overall survival was 69% and 85%, respectively. Cosmetic results were rated excellent, good, fair, poor, and unknown in 1 (7%), 10 (66%), 2 (13%), 1 (7%), and 1 (7%) @entity1 , respectively. Grade 2 @entity82 and @entity137 occurred in 1 (7%) and 1 (7%) @entity1 . Asymptomatic fat @entity39 was detected in 9 (60%) @entity1 . No @entity1 developed grade 3-4 late side effects. Second BCS followed by partial breast reirradiation is a safe and effective option for the management of selected @entity1 developing intra-breast recurrence after previous breast-conserving therapy. Perioperative @entity1168 BT may decrease the risk of second local relapse with acceptable cosmetic results and low rate of late side effects.

title: [Second breast-conserving surgery and reirradiation with interstitial XXXX brachytherapy for the management of intra-breast recurrences -- 5-year results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['high-dose-rate']


abstract: The effect of @entity63 on the integrity of myocardial lysosomes was observed 3 1/2 and 24 hours after the production of @entity1188 in 20 anesthetized closed-chest @entity235 by electrically induced @entity715 of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Biopsies from normal, marginal and infarcted areas were fixed and incubated to localize the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase and aryl sulphatase. Reaction product in normal cells was localized in small circular or oblong profiles between bundles of myofilaments and adjacent to mitochondria. In addition, curvilinear, membrane-bound profiles containing reaction product were found in close apposition to transverse tubules and near the free margins of the @entity296 . Thus the distribution of elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Additional reaction product was also seen in residual bodies, on myelin figures, and in the few conventional appearing spherical lysosomes. Little or no acid phosphatase or aryl sulphatase reaction product was seen in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of infarcted @entity1562 . The degree of cellular degeneration correlated with disappearance of enzyme activity from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and included disruption of membranes and loss of mitochondrial matrix and erosion of I but not A bands. Marginal areas showed variable amounts of cellular degeneration. Separation of myofilament bundles and loss of glycogen correlated with the localized disappearance of acid phosphatase and aryl sulphatase activity in marginal tissue. Disruption of mitochondrial and erosion of I bands correlated with extensive loss of these enzymes. The data suggest that degeneration of @entity296 following @entity63 is associated with release of endogenous lysosomal enzymes from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

title: Cytochemical localization of lysosomal enzyme activity in normal and @entity63 @entity235 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial cells']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: @entity1746 wounds with exposed tendon, bone, or orthopedic hardware present a difficult treatment challenge. In this series of @entity1 , subatmospheric pressure therapy was applied to such @entity1746 . Seventy-five @entity1 with @entity1746 , most of which were the result of @entity130 , were selected for this study. Dressings made of sterile open-cell foam with embedded fenestrated tubing were contoured to the wound size and placed into the wound. The site was covered with an adhesive plastic sheet. The sheet was placed beneath any external fixation devices, or the fixation device was enclosed within the sheet. The tubing was connected to the vacuum-assisted closure pump. Continuous subatmospheric suction pressure (125 mmHg) was applied to the wound site. The wounds were inspected and the dressings were changed every 48 hours.Vacuum-assisted closure therapy greatly reduced the amount of tissue @entity4 , diminishing the circumference of the extremity and thus decreasing the surface area of the wound. Profuse granulation tissue formed rapidly, covering bone and hardware. The wounds were closed primarily and covered with split-thickness skin grafts, or a regional flap was rotated into the granulating bed to fill the defect. Successful coverage was obtained without complication in 71 of 75 @entity1 . Wounds have been stable from 6 months up to 6 years.

title: The use of vacuum-assisted closure therapy for the treatment of XXXX with exposed bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity wounds', 'Lower-extremity']

answer: @entity1746 :: (MESH:D020335,Disease) :: ['lower-extremity wounds']


abstract: Asbestos is a well-known @entity2 -causing mineral fiber. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that asbestos can cause chromosomal damage and aberrations. @entity2 , in general, have several recurrently amplified and deleted chromosomal regions. To investigate whether a distinct chromosomal aberration profile could be detected in the @entity2 of heavily asbestos-exposed @entity1 , we analyzed the copy number profiles of 14 @entity2 from highly asbestos-exposed @entity1 and 14 matched @entity5 from nonexposed @entity1 using classic comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). A specific profile could lead to identification of the underlying genes that may act as mediators of @entity5 formation and progression. In addition, array CGH analyses on cDNA microarrays (13,000 clones) were carried out on 20 of the same @entity1 . Classic CGH showed, on average, more aberrations in asbestos-exposed than in nonexposed @entity1 , and an altered region in chromosome 2 seemed to occur more frequently in the asbestos-exposed @entity1 . Array CGH revealed aberrations in 18 regions that were significantly associated with either of the two groups. The most significant regions were 2p21-p16.3, 5q35.3, 9q33.3-q34.11, 9q34.13-q34.3, 11p15.5, 14q11.2, and 19p13.1-p13.3 (P < 0.005). Furthermore, 11 fragile sites coincided with the 18 asbestos-associated regions (P = 0.08), which may imply preferentially caused DNA damage at these sites. Our findings are the first evidence, indicating that asbestos exposure may produce a specific DNA damage profile.

title: Identification of specific gene copy number changes in asbestos-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancer', 'Lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity7100 A-11 is a prototrophic, glycolytic mutant of strain 501R3 with a single transposon insertion in pfkA. The populations of strain A-11 on @entity9688 and radish seeds were smaller than the populations of strain 501R3 in natural soil, but the populations of these two strains on @entity3587 , @entity1460 , sunflower, and sweet @entity4336 seeds were similar (D. P. Roberts, P. D. Dery, I. Yucel, J. Buyer, M. A. Holtman, and D. Y. Kobayashi, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:2513-2519, 1999). The net effect of the mutation in pfkA in vitro was a shift from rapid growth on certain @entity3363 detected in seed exudates to much slower growth on other @entity3363 , @entity1522 , and organic acids. The impact of the mutation in pfkA was greatest on the growth rate of @entity7100 on the seeds that released the smallest quantities of @entity948 , other @entity3363 , and @entity1522 . @entity4336 , @entity3587 , @entity1460 , and sunflower seeds released total amounts of @entity3363 and @entity1522 at rates that were approximately 10- to 100-fold greater than the rates observed with @entity9688 and radish seeds for the first 24 h after inhibition began. The growth rate of strain A-11 was significantly less (50% less) than the growth rate of strain 501R3 on radish seeds, and the growth rate of strain A-11 was too low to estimate on @entity9688 seeds in sterile sand for the first 24 h after inhibition began. The growth rate of strain A-11 was also significantly lower on @entity1460 seeds, but it was only 17% lower than the growth rate of strain 501R3. The growth rates of strains 501R3 and A-11 were similar on @entity3587 , sunflower, and @entity4336 seeds in sterile sand for the first 30 h after imbibition began. Large reductions in the growth rates of strain A-11 on seeds were correlated with subsequent decreased levels of colonization of seeds compared to the levels of colonization of strain 501R3. The strain A-11 populations were significantly smaller than the strain 501R3 populations only on radish and @entity9688 seeds. The mutation in pfkA appears to decrease the level of colonization by @entity7100 for seeds that release small quantities of reduced @entity505 compounds by decreasing the size of the pool of compounds that support rapid growth by this bacterium.

title: Importance of pfkA for rapid growth of XXXX during colonization of crop seeds.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity7100 :: ('550', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter cloacae', 'E. cloacae']

answer: @entity7100 :: (550,Species) :: ['Enterobacter cloacae']


abstract: The @entity1002 relationship was used in @entity1 with long-term @entity339 to test the hypothesis that the low impedance left atrial contribution to left ventricular ejection obscures an impairment in @entity1002 and forward left ventricular pump efficiency. Twenty-two control @entity1 and 26 @entity1 with long-term @entity339 were studied. Micromanometer left ventricular pressures and radionuclide angiograms for left ventricular volumes were acquired over a range of loading conditions. @entity1002 was assessed by the ratio of left ventricular chamber elastance, E(es), to total arterial elastance, E(a). Forward left ventricular pump efficiency was calculated as the ratio of forward left @entity64 work to the corresponding pressure-volume area. There was a progressive decrease in E(es) in the @entity1 with long-term @entity339 (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in E(a) in comparison to the control @entity1 . Consequently, E(es)/E(a) demonstrated a progressive decrease (p < 0.001). Although the efficiency of performing total left @entity64 work was only reduced when left ventricular contractile function was severely impaired (p < 0.001), there was a progressive reduction in left ventricular pump efficiency for performing forward left @entity64 work in the @entity1 with long-term @entity339 (p < 0.001). Further, normalized left @entity64 work was reduced for any @entity1002 ratio in the @entity1 with long-term @entity339 compared with the control @entity1 . These data indicate that despite the outward evidence for normal left ventricular ejection in @entity1 with long-term @entity339 , a progressive deterioration in left ventricular contractile state leads to @entity1002 and to an impairment in the efficiency of performing forward left @entity64 work. Once the left ventricle begins to dilate in @entity1 with long-term @entity339 , the progressive deterioration in @entity1002 and pump efficiency suggests that an earlier consideration of mitral valve surgery may be warranted to preserve left ventricular contractile function.

title: Left ventricular pump efficiency in long-term @entity339 assessed by means of XXXX relations.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular-arterial coupling', 'Left ventricular-arterial coupling', 'left ventricular-arterial coupling']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular-arterial coupling']


abstract: Marine bivalves can accumulate large numbers of bacteria, in particular Vibrio species, whose persistence in bivalve tissues largely depends on their sensitivity to the bactericidal activity of circulating hemocytes and hemolymph soluble factors. The interactions between vibrios and hemolymph have been investigated, in particular in bivalve species susceptible to infection by certain Vibrio spp. and strains. In this work, the effects of two bivalve pathogens, @entity7155 (V.s.) and Vibrio aestuarianus 01/032 (V.a.), isolated from oyster mortality outbreaks, on the hemocytes of @entity20984 were investigated. In vitro, V.s., but not V.a., induced a dramatic decrease in lysosomal membrane stability- @entity11293 in the hemocytes; both vibrios induced a moderate lysozyme release, with V.s. > V.a.. The V.s.-induced decrease in @entity11293 was mediated by activation of PI-3Kinase, as shown by use of different kinase inhibitors. TEM analysis showed rapid internalization of both vibrios; however, V.s. lead to cellular and lysosomal damage and was able to survive within the hemocytes, whereas significant killing of V.a. was observed. In vivo, in mussels challenged with either vibrio and sampled at 6, 24 and 96 h post-injection, transient decreases in hemocyte @entity11293 and progressive increases in serum lysozyme activity were observed, with V.s. > V.a.. Moreover, whereas V.a. was efficiently cleared from hemolymph, V.s. showed significant growth, that was maximal at 24 h p.i. when lowest @entity11293 values were recorded in the hemocytes. Both vibrios also induced significant decreases in @entity11293 in the digestive gland, again with V.s. > V.a.. The results indicate distinct interactions between mussel hemocytes and the two vibrio strains tested. The effects of V.s. may be due to the capacity of this strain to interfere with the signaling pathways involved in hemocyte function, thus escaping the bactericidal activity of the host cell, as observed for certain @entity1 pathogens. Although V.s. is considered not pathogenic to Mytilus, this vibrio strain can affect the lysosomal function at the cellular and tissue level, thus leading to stressful conditions.

title: Interactions between XXXX hemocytes and the bivalve pathogens Vibrio aestuarianus 01/032 and @entity7155 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7155 :: ('575788', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio splendidus LGP32']

entities_list: @entity20984 :: ('29158', 'Species') :: ['Mytilus galloprovincialis']

answer: @entity20984 :: (29158,Species) :: ['Mytilus galloprovincialis']


abstract: Induction of @entity7322 ( @entity7322 ) and mitoinhibitory effects were studied in the hepatocytes of F344 @entity35 exposed in vivo to the methylating agents @entity1232 ( @entity1233 , hepatocarcinogen) and @entity7044 ( @entity7045 , non-hepatocarcinogen). @entity137 and @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) in @entity35 liver were also investigated to clarify the cause of changes in @entity7322 and mitoinhibitory effects, respectively. The animals were killed at different intervals (up to 14 days) after a single oral dose, or 1 day after 7 or 14 days of repeated oral doses. The hepatocytes were isolated and cultured with Williams' medium E to assess their @entity7322 , mitoinhibitory effects and @entity2008 . Mitoinhibitory effects were investigated by monitoring their effect on epidermal growth factor-induced @entity7322 (EGF-induced @entity7322 ) in @entity35 hepatocytes. Hepatotoxic effects were assessed by measuring @entity492 transaminase and @entity493 transaminase in the plasma and by histopathological examination. In the single-dose study, @entity1233 (20 mg/kg body weight (bw)) induced both @entity7322 and hepatotoxicity. @entity7045 (50 mg/kg bw) induced @entity7322 without causing hepatotoxicity, and thus was classified as a mitogen. In the repeated-dose study, @entity1233 (4 mg/kg bw) induced both @entity7322 and hepatotoxicity, but @entity7045 (10 mg/kg bw) induced neither. Both inhibition of EGF-induced @entity7322 and induction of @entity2008 were observed in the hepatocytes of @entity35 treated with @entity1233 , but were not observed with @entity7045 in both single and repeated dose studies. The mitoinhibitory effect of @entity1233 persisted for 14 days after the single dose and time dependently increased for 14 days after repeated administration. This mitoinhibitory effect correlated positively with @entity2008 . The mitoinhibitory effect was thought to be attributable to the DNA-damaging effect that induces @entity2008 . We concluded that the differences which we found in this study between @entity1233 and @entity7045 contribute to the differences in their hepatocarcinogenicity. Our findings suggested that both cell proliferative and mitoinhibitory properties play an important role in @entity5 promotion, and measuring them may provide an ancillary index that is useful in predicting hepatocarcinogenicity.

title: A short-term assessment of @entity5 activity in the livers of @entity35 treated with two genotoxic methylating agents: @entity1232 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome aberrations', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['methylnitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity7322 :: ('MESH:C536766', 'Disease') :: ['RDS', 'replicative DNA synthesis']

answer: @entity7044 :: (MESH:D008770,Chemical) :: ['methylnitrosourea']