abstract: 1. Although the first evidence of a relationship between the thyroid and metabolism was reported in 1895, the mechanism by which thyroid hormones influence resting metabolic rate in whole animals is still poorly understood. This paper reports an attempt to test whether @entity55095 (T2s) and @entity1954 (T3) have different roles in the control of resting metabolism (RM). 2. Changes in resting metabolic rate were measured in @entity1375 @entity35 treated acutely (25 micrograms (100 g body weight)-1) either with one of the T2s or with T3. Injection of T3 induced an increase of about 35% in RM that started 25-30 h after the injection and lasted until 5-6 days after the injection, the maximal value being observed at 50-75 h. The injection of T2s evoked a temporally different pattern of response. The increases in RM started 6-12 h after the injection, had almost disappeared after 48 h, and the maximal stimulation was observed at 28-30 h. 3. When @entity4316 (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) and T3 were given together, the stimulation of RM was almost completely abolished. The simultaneous injection of @entity4316 and either of the T2s, on the other hand, did not cause any attenuation of the stimulation seen with the T2s alone. 4. Following chronic treatment (3 weeks) with either T3 or T2s there was a stimulation of organ growth only after the administration of T3. 5. Chronic administration of either T2s or T3 to @entity1375 @entity35 significantly enhanced the oxidative capacity of each of the tissues considered. In the case of T2s the stimulation was almost the same whether it was expressed as an increase in specific activity or total tissue activity. In the case of T3 the increases were, in the main, secondary to the @entity1184 or @entity5072 effect. 6. These results indicate that T2s and T3 exert different effects on RM. The effects of T2s are rapid and possibly mediated by their direct interaction with mitochondria. Those of T3 are slower and more prolonged, and at least partly attributable to a modulation of the cellularity of tissues that are metabolically very active.

title: How the thyroid controls metabolism in the @entity35 : different roles for XXXX and @entity55095 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity55095 :: ('MESH:D004104', 'Chemical') :: ['diiodothyronines']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of cement augmentation for cephalad @entity174 after @entity2649 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity170 may contribute to cephalad @entity174 by an altered biomechanics in the adjacent segments due to the loss of motion at the fused segments. However, few studies on the treatment for @entity174 using bone cement augmentation after @entity2649 have been published. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 who had cephalad @entity174 after @entity2649 underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty ( @entity12468 ). All @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of intravertebral vacuum clefts (IVC) on plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging: group 1 consisted of 9 @entity1 without an associated IVC and group 2 consisted of 8 @entity1 with an IVC. The @entity717 Index and the Visual Analogue Scale were recorded prospectively. The radiologic parameters of @entity85 , vertebral height changes, and leakage of cement were studied. RESULTS: The @entity717 Index and Visual Analogue Scale scores in group 1 decreased after @entity12468 , but the mean score in group 2 was higher than in group 1 at the last follow-up. The mean kyphosis measured 15.7  7.4 degrees preoperatively and 15.6  7.1 degrees at the final follow-up in group 1, and 16.9  8.8 degrees preoperatively and 27.2  8.8 degrees at the final follow-up in group 2.The mean preoperative anterior and posterior vertebral height ratio measured 0.6  0.2 preoperatively and 0.6  0.2 at the final follow-up in group 1, and 0.6  0.2 preoperatively and 0.5  0.2 at the final follow-up in group 2.The mean preoperative middle and posterior vertebral height ratio measured 0.5  0.1 preoperatively and 0.6  0.1 at the final follow-up in group 1, and 0.5  0.1 preoperatively and 0.4  0.2 at the final follow-up in group 2. Four @entity1 underwent revision surgery in group 2 and 1 in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity12468 treatment may be a useful method for cephalad @entity174 after @entity2649 in elderly @entity1 with persistent unremitting @entity615 , recollapse of the vertebral body can occur after a @entity12468 for cephalad or adjacent @entity174 with an IVC.

title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty for cephalad XXXX after @entity2649 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'cephalad fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['instrumented lumbar fusion']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fractures']


abstract: The effect of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) on osteoclast (OC) differentiation is unclear, either stimulator or inhibitor, depending on the in vitro system used. This probably reflects indirect mechanisms through intermediate cells. We have investigated the direct effect of @entity1421 on @entity1 OC differentiation from cord blood monocytes (CBMs) in the absence of stromal cells. Macrophages and multinucleated cells (MNCs) resembling OCs form in cultures of CBMs stimulated by @entity3873 . In the present study, CBMs were cultured for 3 weeks, as previously described, in the presence or absence of @entity1421 . The number of MNCs was significantly reduced in the presence of @entity1421 as was the proliferation of cultured CBMs, assessed on day 7. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate macrophage markers ( @entity9536 and @entity5750 ) and OC marker ( @entity1093 -chain). @entity1421 significantly increased the numbers of @entity9536 -positive and @entity5750 -positive cells, whereas the number of @entity1093 -chain-positive cells was significantly decreased. @entity1093 -Chain, @entity1639 , and @entity1 calcitonin receptor (h- @entity8982 ) messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions were evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR with RNA extracted from cultured CBMs. In the presence of @entity1421 , expression of @entity1093 -chain and @entity1639 mRNA was reduced from the first week of culture. h- @entity8982 mRNA expression was also reduced, and only the h- @entity8982 isoform was detected in the presence of @entity1421 . In addition, when @entity1421 was added only during the last week of culture, when no CBM proliferation occurred, the number of @entity9536 - and @entity1093 -positive cells was unchanged compared to that in the control culture, as were the proportion of MNCs, the fusion index, and the expression of @entity1639 mRNA. In conclusion, our results suggest that @entity1421 has an inhibitory effect on @entity1 OC differentiation from CBMs, possibly by reducing precursor proliferation in these cultures. We also hypothesize that @entity1421 may reduce OC differentiation by increasing the proportion of precursor cells that differentiate into macrophages. In addition, this may be the result of inhibition of the @entity1639 expression in CBMs.

title: Effects of prostaglandins on XXXX hematopoietic osteoclast precursors.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is recommended for the management of @entity1 with unresectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). This prospective study aimed to compare the efficacy of concurrently delivered @entity900 doublets with @entity1311 , or @entity1205 , or @entity136 . METHODS: The main eligibility criteria consisted of previously untreated stage IIIB @entity1149 . The subjects were randomized into three arms: @entity1311 45 mg/m(2)/week (TP), @entity1205 20 mg/m(2)/week (DP), and @entity136 350 mg/m(2)/week (GP) in addition to @entity900 20 mg/m(2)/week. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was given once daily, weekly 5 fractions and the total prescription dose was 60-66 Gy. The primary endpoint was response rate, and the secondary endpoints were survival and @entity137 . RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity1 were recruited into this trial of whom 93 (TP: 33, DP: 29, GP: 31) @entity1 were treated with CCRT from March 2005 to July 2007. Similar response rates were observed across arms: TP: 63.6 %, DP: 72.4 %, GP: 61.3 % (p = 0.679). There was no statistically significant difference of median survival (TP: 27.3, DP: 27.6, GP: 16.5 months, p = 0.771). In subgroup analysis, a survival benefit of consolidation chemotherapy was not seen, but @entity1210 (63.2 %) and @entity1398 (68.4 %) more than grade 3 were significantly high in DP arm. The grade >= 3 radiation @entity2910 was more frequent in the GP arm (22.6 %, p = 0.163). CONCLUSIONS: Among the three arms, no statistically significant difference in response rate, survival, and @entity137 was observed. However, clinically significant radiation @entity137 was more frequent in the GP arm.

title: A phase III concurrent chemoradiotherapy trial with XXXX and @entity1311 or @entity1205 or @entity136 in unresectable @entity1149 : KASLC 0401.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity167 misuse as measured by the @entity167 Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) is associated with increased risk of future @entity174 and @entity130 -related hospitalizations. This study examined the association between AUDIT-C scores and two-year risk of any type of @entity130 among US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) @entity1 and assessed whether risk varied by age or gender. METHODS: Outpatients (215, 924 male and 9168 female) who returned mailed AUDIT-C questionnaires were followed for 24   months in the medical record for any International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-9) code related to @entity130 . The two-year prevalence of @entity130 was examined as a function of AUDIT-C scores, with low-level drinking (AUDIT-C 1-4) as the reference group. @entity1 and @entity1 were examined separately, and age-stratified analyses were performed. RESULTS: Having an AUDIT-C score of 9-12 (indicating severe @entity167 misuse) was associated with increased risk for @entity130 . Mean (SD) ages for @entity1 and @entity1 were 68.2 (11.5) and 57.2 (15.8), respectively. Age-stratified analyses showed that, for @entity1 <=50   years, those with AUDIT-C scores>= 9 had an increased risk for @entity130 compared with those with AUDIT-C scores in the 1-4 range (adjusted prevalence, 25.7% versus 20.8%, respectively; OR=1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.50). For @entity1 >= 65   years with average comorbidity and education, those with AUDIT-C scores of 5-8 (adjusted prevalence, 7.9% versus 7.4%; OR=1.16; 95% CI, 1.02-1.31) and 9-12 (adjusted prevalence 11.1% versus 7.4%; OR=1.68; 95% CI, 1.30-2.17) were at significantly increased risk for @entity130 compared with @entity1 >= 65   years in the reference group. Higher AUDIT-C scores were not associated with increased risk of @entity130 among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with severe @entity167 misuse (AUDIT-C 9-12) demonstrate an increased risk of @entity130 . @entity1 >= 65 showed an increased risk for @entity130 at all levels of @entity167 misuse (AUDIT-C 5-8 and 9-12). These findings may be used as part of an evidence-based brief intervention for @entity167 use disorders. More research is needed to understand the relationship between AUDIT-C scores and risk of @entity130 in @entity1 .

title: Risk of future XXXX based on @entity167 screening scores: a two-year prospective cohort study among US veterans.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of intravitreal @entity2995 (IVTA) can cause @entity2790 . This @entity134 response appears to be heritable and alleles in the @entity25835 and @entity23201 genes have recently been suggested to play a role. The purpose of the present study was to perform an independent replication study to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity25835 and @entity23201 are involved in the @entity134 response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study of native Dutch @entity1 was performed who were treated with 4.0mg IVTA. The @entity1 were divided into an intraocular @entity101 group (intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg within a year after IVTA) and a non-intraocular @entity101 group. The cohort was genotyped for three SNPs: @entity52201 and @entity52202 in @entity25835 , and @entity52203 in @entity23201 . RESULTS: A total of 102 @entity1 was included: 58 @entity134 responders and 44 non-responders. No significant differences in demographic parameters or medical history were observed between the study groups. None of the SNPs were found to be significantly associated with the disease as no difference was revealed either in the genotype or allele frequencies between responders and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not confirm a role for genetic variants in the @entity25835 and @entity23201 genes in the pathogenesis of corticosteroid-induced @entity2790 . However, our limited sample size may have restricted the power of our study, and we therefore cannot exclude the involvement of these genetic variants in @entity134 response.

title: Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the XXXX and @entity23201 genes in corticosteroid-induced @entity2790 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity25835 :: (6428,Gene) :: ['SFRS3']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess feasibility and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of outcomes following Peaceful Mind, a cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention for @entity148 in @entity303 , relative to usual care. DESIGN: Pilot randomized controlled trial including assessments at baseline and 3 and 6 months. SETTING: Houston, TX. @entity1 : Thirty-two outpatients diagnosed with mild (47%) or moderate (53%) @entity303 receiving care through outpatient clinics at the Veterans Affairs medical center, Baylor College of Medicine, Harris County Hospital District, and community day centers for @entity303 , and their collaterals, who spent at least 8 hours a week with them. INTERVENTION: Peaceful Mind included up to 12 weekly in-home sessions (mean: 8.7, SD: 2.27) during the initial 3 months and up to eight brief telephone sessions (mean: 5.4, SD: 3.17) during months 3-6, involving self-monitoring for @entity148 , @entity1353 (coping self-statements, behavioral activation, and sleep management). @entity1 learned skills, and collaterals served as coaches. In usual care, @entity1 received diagnostic feedback, and providers were informed of inclusion status. MEASUREMENTS: Neuropsychiatric Inventory- @entity148 subscale, Rating @entity148 in @entity303 scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Abbreviated, Geriatric @entity148 Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale, Quality of Life in @entity195 , @entity1 Health Questionnaire, and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. RESULTS: Feasibility was demonstrated with regard to recruitment, @entity6661 , and treatment characteristics. At 3 months, clinicians rated @entity1 receiving Peaceful Mind as less anxious, and @entity1 rated themselves as having higher quality of life; collaterals reported less distress related to loved ones' @entity148 . Although significant positive effects were not noted in other outcomes or at 6-month follow-up, the pilot nature of the trial prohibits conclusions about efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Results support that Peaceful Mind is ready for future comparative clinical trials.

title: The peaceful mind program: a pilot test of a cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention for anxious XXXX with @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['deep breathing, and optional skills']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Used as a solvent in the dry-cleaning industry, @entity3321 ( @entity11240 ) can be a pollutant of residential indoor air, which can cause long-term harmful exposures because of its @entity2359 and probable carcinogenicity. In France, dry-cleaning facilities are integrated in urban environments (shopping malls, residential buildings) and can contribute to @entity11240 exposure for customers and residents. This exploratory work presents the results from five studies carried out in one shopping mall and four residential buildings housing a dry-cleaning facility. These studies involved dry-cleaning machines fitted with a @entity505 Adsorber and unfitted, with or without Air Exhaust System. Samples were collected in the cleaning facilities and in the apartments located above with passive samplers allowing measurement of time-integrated concentrations on a 7 days sampling period. It has obviously shown the degradation of indoor air quality in these environments and underlined the contributing role of the machine technology and ventilation system on the amount of released @entity11240 in the indoor air. To temper these results, it must be pointed out that some parameters (building insulation, amount of solvent used...) which would influence @entity11240 fugitive release have not been quantified and should be looked at in further studies. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: In France, dry-cleaning facilities are frequently integrated in urban environments (large shopping malls or residential buildings) and can significantly contribute to @entity3321 ( @entity11240 ) population exposure. The amount of fugitive releases in these environments depends on several parameters such as the dry-cleaning machine technology (fitted or unfitted with a @entity505 adsorber) and the ventilation (air exhaust system). To reduce @entity11240 exposure in residential buildings and other indoor environments with on-site dry cleaners, @entity505 adsorber unequipped machine should be replaced by newer technology and dry cleaners should be equipped with mechanical air exhaust systems.

title: A first French assessment of population exposure to XXXX from small dry-cleaning facilities.

entities_list: @entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon', 'Carbon']

entities_list: @entity3321 :: ('MESH:D013750', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrachloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity3321 :: (MESH:D013750,Chemical) :: ['tetrachloroethylene']


abstract: The primary aims of this study were to establish a high-throughput assay and analytic procedures that would allow us to assess with accuracy and reproducibility the presence of anti- @entity8189 antibodies in a large cohort of subjects at-risk for development of @entity2 . The overall goal is to identify factors significantly associated with immune responses against this @entity2 antigen and to evaluate the relationship between anticyclin B1 antibodies and @entity2 risk in a prospective cohort. Successful @entity5 treatment relies on early detection. The immune system could respond to @entity5 antigens arising from altered host factors and provide an early readout for @entity5 presence. This study examines immune responses to the @entity5 antigen @entity8189 . @entity2 patients have antibodies against @entity8189 . Unscheduled overexpression of this cell cycle regulator occurs early in tumorigenesis and might be detected by the immune system long before clinical diagnosis of @entity5 . Antibodies recognizing @entity8189 were measured using semiautomated ELISAs in sera samples from subjects without detectable @entity2 enrolled in the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS), a longitudinal study of long-term smokers over age 50. Factors significantly associated with antibody presence were identified using linear regression analysis. We have established a highly reproducible, semiautomated ELISA-based assay for the high-throughput assessment of serum antibody titers. Using this technology and a small subset of PluSS subjects, @entity8189 antibody levels were found to be high in a small proportion of subjects tested. Regression analysis identified gender as well as age in @entity1 smokers to be significant determinants of @entity8189 antibody levels, association not seen in male subjects. This work represents an important first step toward defining the importance of the presence of anticyclin B1 antibodies in an at-risk population and assessing the predictive value of serum @entity8189 antibody as relates to @entity2 risk.

title: Evaluation of anticyclin B1 serum antibody as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic @entity29 , i.e. @entity30 and @entity31 , are still unknown. This has no effect on diagnosis, yet does affect treatment of these diseases, which has thus remained symptomatic. Clinical features, laboratory findings, endoscopy in conjunction with histologic examination and radiologic studies are all of proven value in the diagnosis of these disorders. Microbiologic and, if indicated, serologic studies are employed to search for @entity1960 caused by microorganisms. Other @entity29 to be considered in differential diagnosis include @entity63 , radiation and drug-induced forms of @entity1960 , as well as @entity4436 . More recently introduced techniques for the detection of secondary intra-abdominal processes are CT-scan and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Ultrasound examination of the abdomen can be used to search for thickening of the bowel wall. Use of the rather complicated hydrocolon sonography is rarely necessary. Endo-sonography is an established method for exploration of the rectum and is particularly useful for the detection of abscesses. The role of this technique in the diagnosis of colon processes remains to be determined. Studies using radiolabeled leukocytes are of theoretical interest but not usually required in the routine work-up of such @entity1 . The same is true of chemical analyses of the feces and testing for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Standard systemic treatment is based on the administration of @entity3785 derivatives and @entity288 . @entity500 and @entity4446 can be used in @entity1 refractory to standard treatment. @entity868 has been proven quite effective in @entity1 with @entity30 , particularly in the perianal region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Current developments in the diagnosis and therapy of XXXX and @entity31 ].

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['chronic-inflammatory bowel diseases', 'bowel disorders']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease of the colon", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn disease']


abstract: Echocardiographic and phonocardiographic findings in 35 @entity1 with @entity1614 and ten @entity1 without Marfan's or other clinically apparent connective tissue disorders but with angiographic and echocardiographic evidence of mitral prolapse are reported and compared. Echocardiography revealed @entity384 and/or @entity3454 in 97% of the @entity1 with @entity1614 . @entity384 was found in 60% of this group (74% of males, 33% of females) while @entity3454 was found in 91% (87% of males, 100% of females). The incidence of @entity384 and mitral prolapse in @entity1 with @entity1614 was essentially equal in @entity1 and adults of the same sex. None of the nine adults or one @entity1 with mitral prolapse but without evidence of @entity1614 or other clinically apparent connective tissue disorder had aortic root enlargement. Ausculatory examination and phnocardiography revealed abnormalities in 54% of the @entity1 with @entity1614 . @entity337 was found in 23% of this group (35% of males, 0% of females) while @entity339 and/or mitral clicks were found in 46% (39% of males, 58% of females). @entity337 was much more frequent in adult males with @entity1614 (7/14, 50%) than male @entity1 (1/9, 11%), while the incidence of abnormal mitral sounds was essentially the same in adults (33% of males, 60% of females) and @entity1 (43% of males, 57% of females) of the same sex with @entity1614 . Abnormal mitral sounds were more frequent in @entity1 without Marfan's who had mitral prolapse (90%) than in those with Marfan's (46%). It appears that @entity299 are a consistent manifestation of @entity1614 and that ultrasound is a more sensitive indicator of these abnormalities in such @entity1 than ausculation or phonocardiography.

title: @entity384 and XXXX in @entity1614 : an ECHOCARDIOgraphic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root dilatation', 'Aortic root dilatation', 'aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's Syndrome", "Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

answer: @entity3454 :: (MESH:D008945,Disease) :: ['mitral valve prolapse']


abstract: Policy decisions regarding whether to incorporate new vaccines into routine public health practice in developing countries will depend in part on the costs of vaccine purchase and of vaccine delivery. In March, 1997, a large-scale effectiveness trial of a locally produced, orally administered bivalent vaccine against @entity1838 01 and 0139 began in Viet @entity9505 . Empirical data obtained from the trial was used to determine the costs of the immunization campaign from the government perspective. The study population, including the @entity1 less than one year of age and pregnant @entity1 who were ineligible for immunization, was 353926. A total of 289041 @entity1 received two doses of vaccine, and 13340 @entity1 received one dose of vaccine. Two-dose vaccine coverage was 83.4%. The total cost of vaccine delivery during the immunization campaign was  66527. The cost of each dose of vaccine was  0.31. Therefore, the total cost of the immunization campaign was  0.44 per dose administered, and  0.91 per fully immunized @entity1 . Attempts to reduce the cost per dose of vaccine (e.g. the use of a monovalent vaccine against serogroup 01) are likely to have a large impact on the cost of future similar immunization campaigns.

title: Cost of immunization with a locally produced, oral cholera vaccine in Viet XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity9505 :: (246329,Gene) :: ['Nam']


abstract: Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in the proliferation and apoptosis of @entity5 , but the role of specific @entity7131 remains unresolved. Comparing @entity1313 differing in degree of @entity5 , we found that @entity11 expressed higher levels of @entity10185 and lower levels of @entity4456 as compared with low-grade @entity816 . Consistent with a mechanistic role for these differences, overexpression of @entity10185 in the @entity1 @entity8001 @entity11 cell line resulted in enhanced cell proliferation and decreased @entity538 ( @entity538 ) expression as compared with controls. Reciprocally, overexpression of @entity4456 inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced @entity538 expression. Using PKC chimeras, we found that the regulatory domains of @entity10185 and @entity4456 mediated their effects on cell proliferation and @entity538 expression. @entity45300 have been implicated as potential signaling molecules in apoptosis. Therefore, we examined the role of these isoforms in the resistance of @entity11 cells to apoptotic stimuli. In @entity8001 cells, manipulation of @entity10185 levels had little effect on apoptosis in response to @entity2879 . In contrast, overexpression of @entity4456 rendered the @entity8001 cells more sensitive to the apoptotic effect of @entity2879 , and @entity4456 was cleaved in these cells by a caspase-dependent process. Furthermore, the @entity11 cell line U373, which expresses endogenous @entity4456 , underwent apoptosis in response to @entity2879 , and the apoptotic response was blocked by the @entity4456 inhibitor @entity12703 . Our results suggest that @entity10185 and @entity4456 play opposite roles in the proliferation and apoptosis of @entity11 cells.

title: XXXX play opposite roles in the proliferation and apoptosis of @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity12703 :: ('MESH:C085746', 'Chemical') :: ['rottlerin']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC isoforms']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

answer: @entity45300 :: (5578;5580,Gene) :: ['Protein kinase Calpha and protein kinase Cdelta']


abstract: Despite a randomized trial showing no benefit of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) prior to @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), the benefits of SRS after @entity1161 and at the time of progression require further characterization. We retrospectively reviewed 48 @entity1 with histopathological diagnoses of @entity463 ( @entity463 ) that were treated with SRS over a 16-year period (1991-2007). Twenty-two were treated as part of their initial treatment paradigm and 26 were treated at the time of progression. The primary endpoints studied were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), survival after SRS and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ). @entity1 treated at the time of progression had significantly longer @entity1349 than those treated on initial presentation (17.4 vs. 15.1 months, P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) class III @entity1 , those with more extensive resections, and those who were not on @entity230 at the time of SRS had significantly improved @entity1349 . SRS margin dose was a significant prognostic factor for @entity1054 on multivariate analysis (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.98). In the subgroup of @entity1 treated with GKS as part of their initial treatment, an increasing number of weeks between surgical resection and GKS was a poor prognostic factor on multivariate analysis (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.23). In @entity1 who were treated with SRS at the time of progression, chemotherapy was associated with a longer @entity1054 (P = 0.028). Our results suggest that SRS provides a survival advantage when delivered after @entity1161 . This benefit may be best appreciated in RTOG class III @entity1 . Moreover, SRS may be a viable alternative to open surgery for aggressive management of @entity463 at the time of recurrence. Prospective studies of SRS for @entity463 should focus on these two groups of @entity1 .

title: Gamma Knife radiosurgery after XXXX as an adjunctive treatment for @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time-to-progression']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: @entity1 suffering from @entity65 have well-established @entity731 , rendering lesion regression of therapeutic interest. The @entity39507 ( @entity39507 )- @entity20313 ( @entity20313 ; @entity20313 ) pathway is important for the proliferation and survival of T cells, stimulates B cells, and is associated with @entity65 . We hypothesized that interference with the @entity39507 - @entity20313 pathway, in combination with decreases in @entity165 , may induce regression of @entity731 . LDLr(-/-) @entity19 were fed a Western-type diet for 10 wk, after which they received chow diet and were treated with anti- @entity20313 or PBS for 10 wk. A significant regression of lesions was observed in the aorta and aortic arch of anti- @entity20313 -treated @entity19 compared with control @entity19 . Interference of the @entity39507 - @entity20313 pathway reduced Th2 responses, as shown by decreases in @entity19986 and @entity58 levels. Also, IgE levels were decreased, as demonstrated by reduced mast cell presence and activation. Notably, @entity59 production by T and B1 cells was increased, thus enhancing atheroprotective oxidized low-density lipoprotein-specific IgM production. The increase in @entity59 production and IgM was mediated by @entity26051 production by APCs upon @entity20313 blockade. We conclude that interruption of the @entity39507 - @entity20313 signaling pathway, combined with decreases in dietary @entity165 , induces the regression of @entity731 through induction of @entity59 -producing T cells and oxidized low-density lipoprotein-specific IgM and reductions in Th2 and mast cells.

title: Interruption of the OX40-OX40 ligand pathway in LDL receptor-deficient XXXX causes regression of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The voltage-gated currents in the @entity238 lobula plate tangential cells were examined using the switched electrode voltage clamp technique. In CH cells, two currents were identified (Figs. 1, 2): a slow @entity460 inward current and a delayed rectifying, noninactivating @entity972 outward current. @entity8682 and VS cells appear to possess similar currents to CH cells, but in addition, exhibit a fast-activating @entity1372 inward current and a @entity1372 -activated @entity972 outward current (Figs. 3, 4). While the delayed rectifying @entity972 current in all three cell classes is responsible for the observed outward rectification described previously (Borst and Haag, 1996), the @entity1372 inward current produced the fast and irregular spikelike depolarizations found in @entity8682 and VS cells but not in CH cells: When the @entity1372 current is blocked by either. @entity4524 or intracellular @entity7231 , no more action potentials can be elicited in @entity8682 cells under current-clamp conditions (Fig. 5). As is demonstrated in @entity8682 cells, space clamp conditions are sufficient to suppress synaptically induced action potentials (Fig. 6). The currents described above were incorporated with the appropriate characteristics into compartmental models of the cells (Fig. 7, 8). The anatomical and electrically passive membrane parameters of these cells were determined in a preceding paper (Borst and Haag, 1996). After fitting the current parameters to the voltage-clamp data (Fig. 9), the model cells qualitatively mimicked the @entity238 tangential cells under current clamp conditions in response to current injection (Fig. 10). The simulations demonstrated that the electrical compactness seen in the @entity8682 and VS cells, either in passive models or in active models during continuous hyperpolarization, decreased significantly in the active models during continuous depolarization (Fig. 11). @entity8682 models reproduce the frequency-dependent amplification of current injected into their axon (Fig. 12).

title: The intrinsic electrophysiological characteristics of XXXX lobula plate tangential cells: II. Active membrane properties.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures of the hip are a major public health issue. Suggestions of a recent stabilization of age-specific admission rates would have implications for health service planning, thus we investigated this using hospital data. METHOD: Hospital episode statistics for England, 1989-1990 to 1997-1998, were examined for admissions and deaths for @entity174 of the hip and femur in @entity9462 hospitals in @entity1 aged 45 years and over. RESULTS: Age-standardized admission rates increased by 32 per cent between 1989-1990 and 1997-1998 in @entity1 , and by 30 per cent in @entity1 . The increase in admission rates was almost entirely confined to the period 1989-1990 to 1991-1992, with very little change after this. The proportion of admissions ending in death during the study period decreased in both @entity1 (-35 per cent) and @entity1 (-40 per cent) but this change was largely confined to the early years of the study. The number of admissions from hip and @entity3330 in @entity1 aged 65 years and over is projected to increase from about 57,300 in 1997-1998 to 69,500 by 2021-2022. CONCLUSIONS: Age-specific rates of admission appear to be stabilizing, which is in contrast to previous trends. The lack of any decrease in hospital admission and mortality rates over the last 5 years is of concern. The management of @entity170 -induced @entity174 in hospitals, the prevention and treatment of @entity170 in primary care and the prevention of falls should be seen as priorities for the @entity9462 to help reduce the burden of disease from @entity170 in the elderly.

title: Trends in hospital admissions for XXXX of the hip and femur in England, 1989-1990 to 1997-1998.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: We studied the @entity30576 diet as a possible model for @entity1 nutrient requirements with implications for colonic function. @entity17056 in the Central African Republic were identified as consuming over 200 species and varieties of plants and 100 species and varieties of fruit. Thirty-one of the most commonly consumed foods were collected and dried locally before shipping for macronutrient and fiber analysis. The mean macronutrient concentrations were (mean +/- SD, g/100 g dry basis) fat 0.5 +/- 0.4, protein 11.8 +/- 8.2, available @entity1735 7.7 +/- 6.3 and dietary fiber 74.0 +/- 12.9. Assuming that the macronutrient profile of these foods was reflective of the whole @entity17056 diet and that dietary fiber contributed 6.28 kJ/g (1.5 kcal/g), then the @entity17056 diet would provide 810 kJ (194 kcal) metabolizable energy per 100 g dry weight. The macronutrient profile of this diet would be as follows: 2.5% energy as fat, 24.3% protein, 15.8% available @entity1735 , with potentially 57.3% of metabolizable energy from short-chain @entity1718 (SCFA) derived from colonic fermentation of fiber. @entity17056 would therefore obtain considerable energy through fiber fermentation. We suggest that @entity1 also evolved consuming similar high foliage, high fiber diets, which were low in fat and dietary @entity165 . The macronutrient and fiber profile of the @entity17056 diet is one in which the colon is likely to play a major role in overall nutrition. Both the nutrient and fiber components of such a diet and the functional capacity of the hominoid colon may have important dietary implications for contemporary @entity1 health.

title: The @entity30576 diet has implications for the health of XXXX and other hominoids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity30576 :: ('9595', 'Species') :: ['western lowland gorilla']

entities_list: @entity17056 :: ('9593', 'Species') :: ['gorilla', 'Gorillas']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity1 @entity320 cells are sensitive to the lytic activity of natural killer (NK) and @entity1199 -activated killer ( @entity10086 ) cells in vitro. The events resulting in @entity5 cell killing by lymphocytic effectors have not been completely clarified, and the same target cell determinants regulating responsiveness to immune cytolysis have not yet been identified. Indeed, changes in the differentiative status of @entity1778 cells as well as in the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens have been described to modulate sensitivity to cytotoxic effectors; moreover surface expression of adhesion factors or extracellular matrix proteins by the @entity5 cells can promote the activation of the cytolytic effectors and has been described to correlate with @entity5 cell sensitivity to cytolytic cells. We reasoned that treatment with differentiation inducers could modulate @entity320 cell sensitivity to NK and @entity10086 cells. The present study demonstrates that @entity1 @entity320 GLL-19 cells, when treated with the @entity10757 diester @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) in vitro, undergo growth inhibition and neuron-like differentiation. Moreover, @entity4515 treatment induces an evident inhibition of GLL-19 cell sensitivity to NK- and @entity10086 -mediated @entity137 . GLL-19 cells express constitutively MHC class I antigens. @entity4515 treatment, however, does not modify the expression of MHC class I and class II DR antigens in @entity1 @entity320 GLL-19 cells. We have finally evaluated the effects of @entity4515 on the expression at the cell surface of adhesion factors such as @entity2071 , and extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin; we have also studied the expression of the integrin @entity4732 receptor, a membrane receptor for adhesive proteins. While adhesion factors and extracellular matrix proteins appear to play an important role in the interaction between immune effector and @entity5 target, it can be supposed that the modulation of such membrane-associated proteins or @entity10086 resistance in @entity5 cells. We indeed found that @entity4515 treatment induced in GLL-19 a marked reduction of membrane expression of collagen IV and @entity2071 ; moreover @entity4515 reduced the cell membrane expression of the integrin @entity4732 receptor. On the other hand, membrane expression of fibronectin and laminin was not affected by @entity4515 . These data indicate that the acquisition of a NK- and @entity10086 -resistant phenotype by GLL-19 cells occurs together with cell differentiation, down-regulation of membrane expression of collagen IV, @entity2071 and @entity4732 receptor, but in the absence of changes in MHC antigens.

title: @entity1359 induces resistance of XXXX @entity320 cells to natural-killer- and @entity1199 -activated-killer-mediated @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity10086 :: ('80216', 'Gene') :: ['glycoproteins induces NK and LAK', 'LAK']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Cholera toxin (Ctx) and the closely related @entity526 heat-labile enterotoxin (Etx) not only act as mediators of @entity66 but also exert potent immunomodulatory properties on @entity1 immune systems. The toxins normally exert their diarrhoeagenic effects by initiating receptor-mediated uptake into vesicles that enter a retrograde trafficking pathway, circumventing degradative compartments and targeting them to the @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ) and endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we examine whether receptor-mediated binding and cellular entry by the toxin B-subunits also lead to concomitant changes in uptake and trafficking of exogenous antigens that could contribute to the potent immunomodulatory properties of these toxins. Treatment of the macrophage (J774.2) cell line with Etx B-subunit (EtxB) resulted in EtxB transport to the @entity10747 and also led to the formation of large, translucent, non-acidic, EtxB-devoid vacuoles. When exogenous antigens were added, EtxB-treated cells were found to be proficient in both internalization of ovalbumin (OVA) and phagocytosis of bacterial particles. However, the internalized OVA, instead of trafficking along a lysosome-directed endocytic pathway via acidified endosomes, persisted in a non-acidic, light-density compartment that was distinct from the translucent vacuoles. The rerouted OVA did not co-localize with the endosomal markers rab5 or rab11, nor with EtxB, but was retained in a transferrin receptor-positive compartment. The failure of OVA to enter the late endosomal/lysosomal compartments correlated with a striking inhibition of OVA peptide processing and presentation to OVA-responsive CD4+ T-cells. CtxB also modulated OVA trafficking and inhibited antigen presentation. These findings demonstrate that the B-subunits of Ctx and Etx alter the progression of exogenous antigens along the endocytic processing pathway, and prevent or delay @entity11962 and T-cell stimulation. The formation of such 'antigen depots' could contribute to the immunomodulatory properties of these bacterial virulence determinants.

title: Cholera toxin and XXXX enterotoxin B-subunits inhibit macrophage-mediated antigen processing and presentation: evidence for antigen persistence in non-acidic recycling endosomal compartments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['trans-Golgi network', 'TGN']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal disease']

entities_list: @entity11962 :: ('MESH:D001946', 'Disease') :: ['efficient epitope presentation']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1170 ( @entity1170 ) @entity162 is often treatment-resistant to pharmacotherapy. Non-pharmacological methods, however, are reasonable considerations in treatment refractory cases of @entity162 @entity1 . Thus, such methods may be useful in the management of @entity1170 , especially when drugs are not shown to be effective. METHOD: This review is based on studies of all major non-pharmacological methods which are used in the management of @entity162 , by focusing on data regarding @entity1 with a @entity1170 pattern of the illness. RESULTS: Regarding biological treatments, for electroconvulsive therapy and @entity1949 , there exists some evidence that they might be efficacious in @entity1170 @entity1 for acute treatment as well as for prophylaxis from recurrences. Light therapy has not been shown to be efficacious in @entity1170 , while no published data exist for transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation. The non-biological treatments include psychotherapeutic and psychosocial interventions; these have not been tried particularly on @entity1170 @entity1 , but their use should be expected to contribute to the overall management of the @entity1170 pattern as it does to that of @entity1316 in general. LIMITATIONS: Many data on which this review is based are drawn from case reports or non-randomised trials. CONCLUSIONS: Non-pharmacological methods, either biological or non-biological (psychotherapies and psychoeducation), may be applied in the management of @entity1170 @entity1 . These methods might be used in combination with the administration of drug treatment, based on the clinical experience of the physician and the individual characteristics of the @entity1 .

title: Non-pharmacological treatments in the management of rapid cycling XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['Rapid cycling', 'RC']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Assessment of perinatal outcomes, blood pressure (BP) patterns and risk of superimposed @entity1468 in a population with mild chronic @entity101 . STUDY DESIGN: We investigated 223 pregnant @entity1 with mild chronic @entity101 and 200 controls. Twenty-four-hour BP monitoring longitudinally in pregnancy and Doppler assessment of uterine arteries at 24 weeks' gestation were performed. Perinatal outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: Superimposed @entity1468 occurred in 28.4% of @entity101 @entity1 , with an increased rate of small-for-gestational age babies (30.7% versus 8.9%), a lower birth weight (2587.75+/-832.97 versus 3167.35+/-536.3; p < 0.001) and a higher rate of caesarean sections (69.2% versus 35.5%) than controls. According to the ROC curve, the mean 24-h blood pressure (diastolic 78 mmHg [S.E.: 0.95; SP: 0.89] and systolic 121 mmHg [S.E.: 0.88; SP: 0.92]) and the mean resistance index of the uterine arteries of 0.52 (S.E.: 0.69; SP: 0.87) are better prognostic values for predicting superimposed @entity1468 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with chronic @entity101 in the second trimester 24-h blood pressure monitoring and Doppler velocimetry of the uterine artery are able to detect those at risk of superimposed @entity1468 . In @entity1 with circulatory adaptation to pregnancy, a good perinatal outcome is expected with proper obstetric care.

title: Perinatal outcomes, blood pressure patterns and risk assessment of superimposed XXXX in mild chronic @entity101 pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'hypertension']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity5 are @entity1297 that frequently involve @entity129 . Complete resection is often difficult and may increase @entity129 . Stereotactic radiosurgery has gained an increasing role in the management of @entity5 . The authors of this study examine the outcomes after radiosurgery in a large, multicenter @entity1 population. METHODS: Under the auspices of the North American Gamma Knife Consortium, 8 Gamma Knife surgery centers that treat @entity5 combined their outcome data retrospectively. One hundred thirty-four @entity1 procedures were included in the study (134 procedures in 132 @entity1 , with each procedure being analyzed separately). Prior resection was performed in 51 @entity1 , and prior fractionated external beam radiotherapy was performed in 6 @entity1 . The @entity1 ' median age at the time of radiosurgery was 59 years. Forty percent had pulsatile @entity392 at the time of radiosurgery. The median dose to the @entity5 margin was 15 Gy. The median duration of follow-up was 50.5 months (range 5-220 months). RESULTS: Overall @entity5 control was achieved in 93% of @entity1 at last follow-up; actuarial @entity5 control was 88% at 5 years postradiosurgery. @entity21591 at the time of radiosurgery (p = 0.001) and higher number of isocenters (p = 0.005) were statistically associated with @entity5 progression-free @entity5 survival. @entity1 demonstrating new or progressive @entity129 were also likely to demonstrate @entity5 progression (p = 0.002). Pulsatile @entity392 improved in 49% of @entity1 who reported it at presentation. New or progressive @entity129 were noted in 15% of @entity1 ; improvement in preexisting @entity129 was observed in 11% of @entity1 . No @entity1 died as a result of @entity5 progression. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma Knife surgery was a well-tolerated management strategy that provided a high rate of long-term @entity5 control. Symptomatic @entity392 improved in almost one-half of the @entity1 . Overall neurological status and @entity129 were preserved or improved in the vast majority of @entity1 after radiosurgery.

title: Gamma Knife surgery for the management of XXXX : a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits', 'cranial nerve function', 'critical cerebrovascular structures and lower cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glomus tumors', 'Glomus tumors', 'glomus tumor']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['rare skull base neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity21591 :: ('MESH:D020433', 'Disease') :: ['Absence of trigeminal nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['glomus tumors']


abstract: Hormonal regulation in development and maintenance of synaptic transmission involves examination of both the presynaptic and postsynaptic components and a system in which the hormones can be controlled. We used the @entity53216 heat-sensitive mutation (l(3)ecd(1)/l(3)ecd(1)) of @entity238 to provide the ability to regulate endogenous @entity4080 production at various larval stages. In conjunction, we used the neuromuscular junctions of @entity238 since they offer the advantage of assessable preparations for both morphological and physiological measures. The growth in the Ib and Is motor nerve terminals and the corresponding muscle 6 in segment 4 of the larval @entity238 throughout the third instar stage in the presence of normal and a much reduced endogenous @entity4080 level was investigated. Muscle 6 and the motor nerve terminals parallel in growth throughout the third instar. The nerve terminals increase in length and varicosity number, thus providing an increase in the number of synaptic release sites. The @entity53216 larvae also show an increase in muscle size, however the Is and Ib motor nerve terminals do not mature to the extent of the wild-type @entity4080 producing flies. The motor nerve terminal length is shorter with fewer numbers of varicosities per terminal. In spite of a shorter nerve terminal and fewer varicosities, with an increasing muscle fiber, the compound excitatory junctional potentials of Ib and Is in the @entity53216 flies are larger, which is suggestive of synaptic structural modification. This study demonstrates @entity4080 's role in modifying nerve terminal development and neuromuscular junction function.

title: Effects of the XXXX mutant on synaptic efficacy and structure at the neuromuscular junction in @entity238 larvae during normal and prolonged development.

entities_list: @entity4080 :: ('MESH:D004440', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysone']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity53216 :: (38291(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['ecdysoneless']


abstract: Lipid peroxidation, a major contributor to cellular damage, is also implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity792 ( @entity792 ). The focus of this study was to elucidate the role of lipid peroxidation-derived @entity3125 in @entity792 induced and/or exacerbated by chemical exposure. Previous studies showed that @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) is capable of inducing/accelerating @entity792 . To test whether @entity4966 -induced lipid peroxidation might be involved in the induction/exacerbation of autoimmune responses, groups of autoimmune-prone female MRL +/+ @entity19 were treated with @entity4966 (10 mmol/kg, i.p., every 4th day) for 6 or 12 wk. Significant increases of the formation of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 )- and @entity11838 ( @entity13789 )-protein adducts were found in the livers of @entity4966 -treated @entity19 at both 6 and 12 wk, but the response was greater at 12 wk. Further characterization of these adducts in liver microsomes showed increased formation of @entity1865 -protein adducts with molecular masses of 86, 65, 56, 44, and 32 kD, and of @entity13789 -protein adducts with molecular masses of 87, 79, 46, and 17 kD in @entity4966 -treated @entity19 . In addition, significant induction of anti- @entity1865 - and anti- @entity13789 -protein adduct-specific antibodies was observed in the sera of @entity4966 -treated @entity19 , and showed a pattern similar to @entity1865 - or @entity13789 -protein adducts. The increases in anti- @entity1865 - and anti- @entity13789 -protein adduct antibodies were associated with significant elevation in serum anti-nuclear-, anti-ssDNA- and anti-dsDNA-antibodies at 6 wk and, to a greater extent, at 12 wk. These studies suggest that @entity4966 -induced lipid peroxidation is associated with induction/exacerbation of @entity792 in MRL+/+ @entity19 , and thus may play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Further interventional studies are needed to establish a causal relationship between lipid peroxidation and @entity4966 -induced @entity792 .

title: Involvement of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde-protein adducts in @entity792 mediated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethene']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'autoimmunity', 'autoimmune diseases', 'autoimmune response']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethene']


abstract: @entity6051 mofetil ( @entity2098 ) introduction with concurrent reduction in calcineurin inhibitors has been shown to be beneficial in @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in adults. @entity2098 was introduced to 19 @entity1 with @entity740 26.3+/-5.8 (range 3.1-82.6) months after transplantation. @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 13.2+/-2.9 (range 1.2-51.1) months. The mean initial @entity2098 dose was 660+/-56 mg/m2 per day, increased to 1,042+/-73 mg/m2 per day a year later. Cyclosporin was reduced from 138+/-10 mg/m2 per day at @entity2098 introduction, to 116+/-15 mg/m2 per day at 6 months and 107+/-24 mg/m2 per day at 1 year. Six months prior to @entity2098 introduction GFR deteriorated by -32.7+/-7.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year. Six months after the introduction of @entity2098 , GFR improved by +26.2+/-7.1 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year (P <0.001). The introduction of @entity2098 significantly reduced both the graft rejection rate (P=0.01) and systolic blood pressure (P=0.01), without a significant change in antihypertensive treatment. Haematological parameters did not significantly differ before and after @entity2098 introduction. The introduction of @entity2098 in paediatric renal transplant recipients with @entity740 may cause a significant improvement in GFR in both the short-term and the long-term and may well have a beneficial effect on systolic blood pressure. @entity2098 has the potential to enable CNI-sparing protocols to be adopted.

title: XXXX and mycophenolate mofetil introduction in paediatric renal recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['Mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CAN', 'chronic allograft nephropathy']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic allograft nephropathy']


abstract: The neurodevelopmental sequelae in 33 low birth weight neonates with moderate or severe @entity548 and @entity1276 (VM group) and in 39 neonates with mild @entity548 only (non-VM group) were evaluated prospectively. Both groups were comparable in birth weight, gestational age, and socioeconomic status. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts were inserted in 23 of the 33 VM group @entity1 at a mean age of 26 days. Eighty-two shunt revisions were performed, for obstruction (71 revisions) or @entity281 (11 revisions), in 18 of the 23 @entity1 . At a mean age of 50 months, 19 of 33 @entity1 in the VM group had sequelae; 14 @entity1 had moderate or severe @entity51 , and 5 @entity1 had mild sequelae. In the non-VM group, only 3 of 39 @entity1 had deficits, all of which were mild (p less than 0.05). In the VM group, 19 of 33 @entity1 had @entity245 in comparison with 8 of 39 in the non-VM group (p less than 0.05), and 17 of 33 @entity1 in the VM group had @entity245 in comparison with 5 of 39 in the non-VM group (p less than 0.01). Within the VM group, the number of @entity1 with neurodevelopmental sequelae did not differ significantly among the 23 @entity1 with shunts, in comparison with the 10 who did not require shunting. Among the @entity1 with shunts, a higher incidence of sequelae occurred when lack of ventricular decompression was noted immediately after shunt insertion (p less than 0.005) and when shunt @entity281 occurred (p less than 0.01). The most important predictor of mental and motor outcome in the group with shunts was lack of ventricular decompression immediately after shunt insertion. We speculate that, in some @entity1 , loss of brain tissue, @entity194 , or both may occur before insertion of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt, even when the shunt is inserted early.

title: Outcome after posthemorrhagic @entity1276 in comparison with mild @entity548 without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['motor developmental delay', 'mental developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['ventriculomegaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Mucosal changes in the paranasal sinuses are detected in 30-50% of scans for @entity66 . This study assesses the relationship between symptoms of rhinosinusitis and radiological evidence of sinus pathology in @entity1 undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for unrelated pathology. DESIGN: Prospective observational study, evaluating symptoms of rhinosinusitis in @entity1 undergoing MRI scanning of the internal acoustic meati. A visual analogue scale (VAS) of rhinological symptoms was completed immediately before scanning, specifying symptoms present at the time of completing the questionnaire. Symptom scores were recorded by one of the investigators, blinded to the MRI images. Two investigators independently rated sinus mucosal thickening for each scan, both of whom were blinded to the symptom scores. Lund and Mackay scoring systems were used for both symptom and radiological scores, which were then compared. SETTING: Otolaryngology and Radiology Departments in a large teaching hospital. @entity1 : Fifty consecutive @entity1 were recruited over a 2-month period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual analogue scale symptom scores were compared with radiological scores for sinus mucosal thickening. RESULTS: No statistically significant relationship was demonstrated between rhinological symptoms and radiological features suggestive of rhinosinusitis in @entity1 undergoing MRI scanning for @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between rhinological symptoms and MRI findings of sinus pathology is not straightforward. Management decisions should be made on the basis of nasal history and endoscopy, rather than radiological findings. This is the first study assessing this relationship by documenting symptoms on the day of scanning, using a validated scoring system.

title: The significance of MRI findings for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['non-rhinological disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['non-rhinological disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14957 is a rare but well-delineated clinical syndrome of pathological @entity427 response and neonatal @entity4372 . Many cases result from mutations in the alpha 1 subunit of the @entity2228 receptor ( @entity41681 ). METHOD: The clinical features, management and recent genetic studies of @entity14957 are reviewed. RESULTS: Diagnosis of the disorder should not be difficult, if one is aware of the syndrome. The treatment of first choice is with the @entity1245 drug @entity2053 , which often causes a dramatic although incomplete diminution of @entity427 . Both recessive and dominant mutations in @entity41681 have been found in affected individuals. The study of @entity19 mutants with @entity427 phenotypes suggests that the remainder of cases may well be due to mutations in the beta subunit of the @entity2228 receptor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14957 is the first @entity1 disease shown to result from mutations within a neurotransmitter gene. The demonstration of both dominant and recessive inheritance resulting from different mutations in the same gene is of considerable interest, as other @entity146 may result from mutations in ligand-gated ion channels. Mutation analysis of @entity41681 is also likely to be useful as an aid to genetic counselling and in diagnostic evaluation of neonatal @entity4372 .

title: XXXX : abnormal @entity427 response due to @entity2228 receptor mutations.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonia']

entities_list: @entity14957 :: ('MESH:D016750', 'Disease') :: ['hyperekplexia', 'Hyperekplexia']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity14957 :: (MESH:D016750,Disease) :: ['Hyperekplexia']


abstract: The significant psychosocial and occupational impact of @entity1643 is a risk factor for chronicization but remains difficult to be evaluated. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of acute and @entity1643 @entity1 managed by 1282 physicians was conducted using an 85-item questionnaire. Most items were composed of multiple or binary clauses. A semi quantitative six-point scale was used to evaluate effects of the @entity158 on family and personal life. A total of 2741 completed questionnaires were sent in. The present study was conducted on the 1072 questionnaires completed for "active" (as opposed to retired) @entity1 with @entity1643 . Mean age was 44 years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: As compared to the general population, there were fewer blue-collar workers, executives, and skilled professionals and more intermediate professions (34% versus 19% according to an INSEE survey, p < 0.001). Twelve per cent of @entity1 were able either to change jobs or to find lighter duties in their current job, but a similar proportion were completely incapacitated or awaiting a job modification. Significant negative effects on everyday life were reported by 80% of @entity1 , on emotional life by 58%, and on sexual activity by 46%. Most @entity1 had reduced their leisure and household activities. @entity74 were noted in 75% of @entity1 . On the day of the visit, two-thirds of @entity1 were given a prescription for analgesics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and/or muscle relaxants, whereas only 34% received advice regarding their diet and life style and only 4% were sent to a back school. Despite significant effects on everyday and personal experiences associated with an increased risk of chronicization, treatments given to @entity1643 @entity1 consist mainly of symptomatic medication.

title: Psychosocial and occupational impact of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Psychological disorders']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for incomplete excision of @entity957 ( @entity957 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 369 @entity1 who underwent a primary excision of @entity957 was performed within an outpatient and a hospital plastic surgery department setting. RESULTS: Incomplete excision occurred in 25 of 369 primary excisions of @entity6461 (6.8%). Location of the @entity5 on the forehead, temples, peri-auricular region, ears, cheeks, nose, lips or neck was significantly associated with incomplete excision of the @entity5 . In particular, high incomplete excision proportions were observed for @entity5 located on the ears (16.7%), neck (16.7%), temples (11.1%), nose (10.8%) or lips (7.1%). Incomplete excision of @entity6461 was associated with the setting of the operation in the hospital as compared to ambulatory settings (p = 0.046) and was inversely associated with the specimen thickness (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant association between incomplete excision of @entity6461 and gender, age, clinical appearance of the lesion (suspected @entity6461 vs other diagnoses), differentiation pattern, diameter of the @entity5 , length or width of the excised specimen, solar changes or ulceration. CONCLUSION: We recommend that in @entity1 with @entity957 located in the forehead, temples, periauricular region, ears, cheeks, nose, lips or neck surgeons should commence particular surgical measures to avoid inadequate excisions of the @entity5 . In particular, surgeons should use wider excisional margins in @entity5 located in the embryonic fusion planes (e.g. eyelids and naso-labial folds).

title: Risk factors for incomplete excision of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: AIM: To disclose whether mutations in the @entity14398 gene inducing liver @entity68 overload are related to the risk of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in otherwise predisposed @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and ninety-six @entity1 (161 males) diagnosed with @entity157 and 181 healthy controls were included in the study. All subjects were white Spaniards. @entity14399 and @entity14397 mutations in the @entity14398 gene were identified in leucocyte genomic DNA using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific restriction enzymes. RESULTS (CASES/CONTROLS): 1. Genotype distribution: a) @entity14399 mutation: homozygotes 1/0, heterozygotes 12/23, wild type 183/158 (p = 0.07, non significant); b) @entity14397 mutation: homozygotes 9/5, heterozygotes 85/52, wild type 102/124 (0dds ratio 2.00, 95% C.I. 1.29-3.12, p = 0.002. Four cases and 6 controls were carriers of heterozygous mixed genotypes. 2. Allele frequencies: a) @entity14399 mutation: wild type allele 378/339, mutated allele 14/23 (p = 0.11, non significant); b) @entity14397 mutation: wild type allele 289/300, mutated allele 103/62 (0dds ratio 1.72, 95% C.I. 1.19-2.50, p = 0.004). Age at diagnosis, gender and etiology of the underlying @entity409 do not influence these findings. CONCLUSION: The @entity14399 mutation in the @entity14398 gene is not related to the risk of @entity157 in non- @entity9595 @entity1 . The @entity14397 mutation is associated with a higher risk of @entity157 in cirrhotic @entity1 irrespective of their underlying @entity409 .

title: [The XXXX mutation in the @entity14398 gene is related to the risk of @entity157 ].

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hemochromatosis']

entities_list: @entity14397 :: ('p|SUB|H|63|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H63D']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity14397 :: (p|SUB|H|63|D,ProteinMutation) :: ['H63D']


abstract: The aim of this study was firstly to describe the spectrum of imaging findings seen in @entity2585 , and secondly to compare cross-sectional imaging techniques in the demonstration of the extent, size and appearance of the @entity2585 as referenced by surgery. Imaging studies of 18 @entity1 (13 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ; mean age 53 years) with surgically proven @entity2585 were reviewed. All @entity1 received conventional radiographs of the pelvis and hip, @entity10479 and MR imaging of the hip. The CT was performed in 5 of the 18 @entity1 . Ultrasound, CT and MR all demonstrated enlarged iliopsoas bursae. The bursal wall was thin and well defined in 83% and thickened in 17% of all cases. The two cases with septations on @entity10479 were not seen by CT and MRI. A communication between the bursa and the hip joint was seen, and surgically verified, in all 18 @entity1 by MR imaging, whereas @entity10479 and CT failed to demonstrate it in 44 and 40% of the cases, respectively. @entity572 was seen and verified by surgery in 16 @entity1 by MRI, whereas CT (4 of 5) and @entity10479 ( n=12) underestimated the number. The overall size of the bursa corresponded best between MRI and surgery, whereas CT and @entity10479 tended to underestimate the size. Contrast enhancement of the bursal wall was seen in all cases. The imaging characteristics of @entity2585 are a well-defined, thin-walled cystic mass with a communication to the hip joint and peripheral contrast enhancement. The most accurate way to assess @entity2585 is with MR imaging; thus, it should be used for accurate therapy planning and follow-up studies. In order to initially prove an @entity2585 , @entity10479 is the most cost-effective, easy-to-perform and fast alternative.

title: Imaging features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Hip joint effusion']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['iliopsoas bursitis']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['iliopsoas bursitis']


abstract: Metallothioneins take part in homeostasis of the ions of metals which are necessary for proper metabolism of the organism ( @entity219 , @entity920 ), biosynthesis regulation and @entity219 proteins activity as well as in the processes of detoxication of cells from toxic metals. Besides, they also protect cells from the reactive forms of @entity26 , radiation, electrophilic pharmacological agents used in the @entity5 therapy, and the mutagenes. The aim of the study was to determine the level of metallothioneins in tissue of @entity35 intoxicated with @entity1068 and @entity1286 . The experiment was to state whether the applied narcotic agents cause the change in the metallothionein's level in the liver, brain and kidneys of the intoxicated animals. The experiment was carried out on 6-month-old @entity35 of @entity35 strain, weighing 150-200 g, which were given @entity1068 intragastrically and @entity1286 intraperitoneally for 5 days. The metallothioneins level in tissues was determined by @entity3409 -hemoglobin affinity assay, using the @entity3409 isotope (109 Cd). It was found that the level of metallothioneins in the group of animals intoxicated with @entity1068 was elevated (in kidneys it increased 1.5 times, in the liver--3.5, and in the brain--10 times). In the case of @entity1286 -intoxicated @entity35 the level of metallothioneins also increased in all the examined tissues; the increase was fifteen-fold in the brain, threefold in the liver, and twofold in kidneys. It results from the above studies that the narcotic agents used for the animals' intoxication produce the increase in the level of metallothioneins in all the examined @entity35 ' tissues. The examinations prove different force of metallothioneins induction according to a tissue.

title: Induction of metallothioneins by XXXX and @entity1286 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The frequency of @entity7808 ( @entity7808 ), the most common @entity5932 seen in primary care, is up to 25% in the general population. However, there has been no optimal therapeutic approach. Our objective was to confirm our previous clinical observation of the beneficial treatment of @entity7808 with @entity2186 . METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done using primary care @entity1 . A sublingual a dose of 1000 mcg of @entity2186 was used in @entity1 in the intervention group for 6 months. RESULTS: In total, 58 @entity1 suffering from @entity7808 participated in the study: 31 were included in the intervention group and 27 were included in control group. All parameters of @entity7808 among @entity1 in the intervention group were recorded and compared with the control group. The duration of outbreaks, the number of @entity1066 , and the level of @entity158 were reduced significantly (P < .05) at 5 and 6 months of treatment with @entity2186 , regardless of initial @entity2186 levels in the blood. During the last month of treatment a significant number of @entity1 in the intervention group reached "no aphthous @entity1066 status" (74.1% vs 32.0%; P < .01). CONCLUSION: @entity2186 treatment, which is simple, inexpensive, and low-risk, seems to be effective for @entity1 suffering from @entity7808 , regardless of the serum @entity2186 level.

title: Effectiveness of @entity2186 in treating XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7808 :: ('MESH:C538145', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent aphthous stomatitis', 'RAS']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosa lesions']

answer: @entity7808 :: (MESH:C538145,Disease) :: ['recurrent aphthous stomatitis']


abstract: The feasibility and the intrinsic variability of six different methods of echocardiographic and @entity998 were analysed in 34 healthy volunteers. Four were excluded because of poor quality echocardiograms. The mean (range) age of the remaining 30 (12 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ) was 21 years (13-36 years). Cardiac output was calculated by six methods as a product of echocardiographically determined cross sectional area of the aorta (apical and suprasternal views), pulmonary trunk, tricuspid annulus, and mitral annulus (circular and corrected for diastolic variations), and the flow velocity integral measured by Doppler. Cardiac output ranged from 2.79 to 6.56 1/min (4.45 (1.29) 1/min) (mean (SD)). The feasibility of the methods ranged from 87% (26 @entity1 ) for the aorta from the suprasternal notch to 100% (30 @entity1 ) for the mitral orifice corrected for diastolic variations and for the tricuspid valve. The corresponding results for all 34 individuals were 76% and 88% respectively. Three way analysis of variance was performed in the 23 healthy volunteers in whom all six methods were feasible. Interobserver and intraobserver interpretative variabilities were 6.8% and 5.9% respectively. The intrinsic variability of each single measurement of cardiac output, independently of the observer and the method used, was 25%. Provided the image was suitable for analysis echocardiographic and @entity998 was feasible in most healthy volunteers. But there was significant intrinsic variability for each of different methods. A single value of cardiac output in an individual should be interpreted with caution.

title: Feasibility and variability of six methods for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['Doppler flow determination of cardiac output']

answer: @entity998 :: (MESH:D002303,Disease) :: ['echocardiographic and Doppler determination of cardiac output']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the tocolytic efficacy of @entity594 and @entity9994 , their adverse effects and neonatal outcome. DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity1 with clinical features of @entity3152 fulfilling designated inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. They were allocated to either @entity594 group or @entity9994 group by using simple randomization technique. Tocolytic efficacy, maternal side effects and neonatal outcomes were evaluated. Tools of statistical analysis used were Epi Info software and Chi square test. RESULTS: Tocolysis was successful i.e., prolongation of pregnancy for 48  h in 54 (90%) @entity1 in @entity594 group as compared to 41 (68.3%) @entity1 in @entity9994 group (P value  =  0.003 and   (2)  =  8.54). The prolongation of pregnancy up to 37  weeks was observed in 28 @entity1 (46.6%) in @entity594 group compared to 16 @entity1 (26.6%) in @entity9994 group (P value  =  0.033). 18 @entity1 (30%) in @entity594 group had side effects compared to 48 @entity1 (80%) in @entity9994 group (P value  <  0.001). Neonatal outcome was similar in both the groups. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity594 is cheaper and effective alternative which has fewer and less serious side effects as compared to I.V. @entity9994 for suppression of the @entity3152 .

title: XXXX versus @entity9994 for suppression of @entity3152 and analysis of side effects.

entities_list: @entity9994 :: ('MESH:D012312', 'Chemical') :: ['Ritodrine']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['Nifedipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of age and @entity281 on outcome after @entity130 is unknown. We evaluated the incidence and impact that @entity580 ( @entity580 ) and age have on morbidity and mortality. Several risk factors were identified and analyzed for correlation with @entity281 . METHODS: Prospective data were collected on @entity1 admitted for > or = 3 days over a 2-year period. Each @entity1 was followed by an infectious disease specialist throughout their hospitalization. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines were used to diagnose @entity281 . RESULTS: Of the 3,254 @entity1 admitted, 88% were < 65 and 12% were > or = 65 years of age. Injury Severity Score was not significantly different (older vs. younger). Five hundred one (17.4%) of the younger @entity1 developed an @entity580 with a significantly higher hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, and mortality compared with the noninfected group. One hundred forty-seven (39%) of the older group developed an @entity580 and also had significant increases in hospital LOS, ICU LOS, and mortality. Older infected @entity1 had the highest hospital LOS, ICU LOS, and mortality. The greatest relative risk of mortality was demonstrated with the combination of increased age and @entity580 . Once infected, however, younger @entity1 with penetrating @entity130 had a greater relative risk of mortality in the group-specific comparison. Many risk factors were associated with @entity281 . Only @entity1030 in elderly @entity130 @entity1 was a significant independent risk factor for @entity281 . CONCLUSION: @entity580 significantly increases hospital LOS, ICU LOS, and mortality after injury. Age increases risk of @entity281 matched for injury severity, with a significantly higher hospital LOS, ICU LOS, and mortality. Once infected, however, younger @entity1 with penetrating @entity130 have the greatest risk of mortality. @entity1030 in elderly @entity130 @entity1 was found to be an independent predictor of @entity281 .

title: Impact of XXXX in @entity130 : does age make a difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NI', 'nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: While determinants of aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) are well known, much less is known about factors affecting lower-extremity pulse wave velocity (lePWV). Unlike aPWV, increased lePWV does not predict cardiovascular risk, but limits @entity450 and is associated with increased left ventricular mass. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of cardiovascular risk factors on aPWV and lePWV. A total of 911 individuals from the Czech post-MONICA study (a randomly selected 1% representative population sample, mean age 54  13.5 years, 47% @entity1 ) were examined. Pulse wave velocity was measured using the SphygmoCor device. Aging had a large effect on aPWV, but only a small effect on lePWV. After adjustment for covariates, we observed that @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity740 and @entity2299 were positively and significantly associated with aPWV. However, only @entity101 had a significant effect on lePWV. @entity101 was associated with increased aPWV independently of brachial blood pressure. Ankle systolic blood pressure was more closely related to aPWV than lePWV. Subjects with an ankle-brachial index <1.0 had higher aPWV and lower lePWV compared with individuals with a normal ankle-brachial index. @entity1746 is affected by age and cardiovascular risk factors to a lesser extent than @entity2333 . @entity101 is linked not only to increased @entity1746 , but also increased @entity2333 . In subjects with a low ankle-brachial index, @entity1746 is spuriously decreased.

title: XXXX . @entity2333 in the general population.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Increased ankle systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity arterial stiffness', 'Lower-extremity arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

answer: @entity1746 :: (MESH:D020335,Disease) :: ['Lower-extremity arterial stiffness vs']


abstract: Numerous studies have implicated @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ) in various brain processes, and more recently, several studies have also attributed neurobiological actions to @entity21692 ( @entity21692 ). On lymphocytes, receptors for @entity2047 and @entity21692 share a common subunit, the @entity11000 ( @entity53944 ) that is essential for intracellular signaling. Although a short segment of @entity53944 has been cloned (0.35 kb) from normal brain cells, attempts to isolate the full-length cDNA have been unsuccessful, suggesting the possibility that the genes expressed by brain cells and lymphocytes may differ. Using conventional and anchored PCR cloning strategies, we isolated the full-length cDNA of @entity53944 (2038 bp) from well-perfused, normal @entity19 forebrain. The coding sequence and the adjacent 5' and 3' UTR sequences from brain and lymphocyte were found to be fully homologous. Although evidence of expression of @entity53944 can be found in many brain regions using PCR, clear evidence of gene expression by in situ hybridization was detectable only in the hippocampal formation, habenula and piriform cortex. This same pattern of mRNA expression in situ was also observed for the common gamma subunit shared by @entity2047 and @entity21692 . In the hippocampus, @entity53944 expression was localized to neurons by high resolution in situ hybridization and evidence of @entity2047 receptor protein expression was also detected by radioligand receptor binding using hippocampal homogenates. Comparison of undifferentiated and differentiated, immortalized H19-7 hippocampal neurons showed that @entity53944 was constitutively expressed across disparate stages of hippocampal neuronal differentiation. These data indicate that @entity53944 may serve to modulate neuronal processes in the hippocampus and associated limbic brain regions.

title: Cloning the full-length @entity11000 cDNA sequence from XXXX brain: evidence of enrichment in hippocampal formation neurons.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: This study is to investigate the effects of ubenimex on @entity5 cell invasion and apoptosis, dose relationship and mechanism. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of @entity10793 in HT-1080 cells. @entity98 assay was used to analyze the effect of ubenimex on cell proliferation. @entity4404 -EGFP/PI was used to detect apoptotic cells by flow cytometry. Cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. Ala-pNA was used as substrate to evaluate the effect of ubenimex on the aminopeptidase activity. Transwell assay was used to analyze the effect of ubenimex on cell invasion and migration ability. Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of @entity10793 . MMP activity was analyzed using gelatin zymography. The results showed that ubenimex at high concentration inhibited the proliferation of HT-1080 cells (IC50: 3.8 mg x mL(-1)), and induced cell apoptosis. Cell cycle was blocked at G1 phase. Ubenimex at low concentration inhibited the aminopeptidase activity of HT-1080 cells (IC50: 8.3 microg x mL(-1)) and inhibited cell invasion, but it had no effects on the cell migration and proliferation. Ubenimex had no effects on @entity10793 expression and MMP activity. In conclusion, ubenimex at low concentration can inhibit the invasion ability of @entity5 cells by directly inhibiting the aminopeptidase activity; ubenimex at high concentration can inhibit the proliferation of @entity5 cells and induce cell apoptosis by a @entity10793 -independent pathway.

title: [Inhibition of XXXX cell invasion and induction of apoptosis by ubenimex].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Alterations in synaptic plasticity and neurocognitive function with age have been well documented in the literature. These changes are accompanied by modifications of neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system (CNS). The serotonergic system in particular plays an important role in attention, alertness and cognition. Disturbances in serotonergic function have been implicated in differing @entity16 including @entity308 , @entity146 and @entity303 . The @entity750 receptor subtype 5HT6 is distributed within CNS regions relevant to learning and memory, including the striatum, cortex and hippocampus. We examined here the effects of acute and chronic administration of the 5HT6 receptor antagonist @entity54460 on performance in a delayed non-matching-to-sample task (DNMS), which was used to identify neurocognitive differences between @entity2172 ( @entity2172 , 13  months) and young adult (YG, 3  months) @entity35 . We found that @entity2172 @entity35 have significantly lower performance in the DNMS task compared to YG @entity35 . Acute administration of @entity54460 (3  mg/kg/po) significantly improved performance of the @entity2172 @entity35 . Chronic administration of @entity54460 (3  mg/kg) reversed the age-related @entity51 to match their performance to that of YG @entity35 . Furthermore, these improvements were observed for 1 week post- @entity54460 treatment cessation. The acute and chronic effects of this treatment suggest that there is both an immediate effect on neurotransmitter action and potentially a longer-term modification of synaptic plasticity. Together these data indicate a role for modulation of the serotonergic system in the development of cognition-enhancing agents.

title: Age-related declines in delayed non-match-to-sample performance (DNMS) are reversed by the novel 5HT6 receptor antagonist XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis aggression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit of the MA']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity54460 :: (MESH:C548140,Chemical) :: ['SB742457']