abstract: PURPOSE: To describe changes revealed by Zeiss Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter (PreView PHP) in @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), before and after photodynamic therapy (PDT), and determine usefulness of such monitoring. METHODS: Forty @entity1 (40 eyes) with @entity1940 ( @entity471 ) and 20 volunteers with @entity231 (40 eyes) were examined in a prospective study. Control group was screened for false positive results to evaluate reliability of the test. Subfoveolar @entity471 was confirmed by @entity941 angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular visual field in the PHP (area and intensity of distortion) were assessed 1 day before and 1 week and 4 weeks after PDT. RESULTS: Four weeks after PDT there was improvement in PHP results in 20 eyes (50%), stabilization in 15 eyes (37.5%) and progression in 5 eyes (12.5%). At this time there was BCVA improvement in 9 eyes (22.5%), stabilization in 28 eyes (70%), and worsening in 3 eyes (7.5%). 1 week after PDT 30 eyes (75%) presented temporary progression in PHP but only 3 @entity1 (7.5%) presented @entity227 and progression in OCT. Correlation coefficient of BCVA and PHP results was low during whole study. There was no significant change in control group during observation. 17.5% false positive PHP results were obtained at baseline. In the PDT group no false negative results were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Visual outcome after PDT cannot be predicted with use of PreView PHP. Temporary progression of changes in @entity14594 week after PDT can be expected in most cases.

title: Monitoring of photodynamic therapy results in XXXX by means of preferential hyperacuity perimeter.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['temporary decrease of visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['subfoveolar choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: Traumatic @entity4036 (TAWH) can occur after blunt @entity130 and can be classified into low- or high-energy injuries. @entity258 occur after impact on a small blunt object. High-energy injuries are sustained during motor vehicle accidents or automobile versus pedestrian accidents. We present six cases of high-energy TAWH cases that were treated at our @entity130 center. All @entity1 presented with varying degrees of abdominal tenderness with either abdominal skin ecchymosis or @entity12893 , which made physical examination difficult. CT scan confirmed the @entity547 in each @entity1 . All six @entity1 had associated injuries that required open repair. The abdominal wall defects were repaired primarily. Three @entity1 (50%) in our series developed a postoperative wound @entity281 or abscess. Review of the literature on low-energy TAWH shows no associated @entity3511 . In conclusion distinction between low- and high-energy injury is imperative in the management of TAWH. @entity547 following low-energy injuries can be repaired after local exploration through an incision overlying the defect. TAWHs following high-energy @entity130 should undergo exploratory laparotomy through a midline incision. The defect should be repaired primarily and prosthetics avoided because of the high incidence of @entity86 .

title: Management of traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall hernia']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'Hernias']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['Low energy injuries']

answer: @entity4036 :: (MESH:D046449,Disease) :: ['abdominal wall hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Host immunity is emerging as a key player in the prognosis and response to treatment of @entity5 @entity1 . However, the impact of the immune system and its modulation by therapies are unknown in rare soft tissue @entity242 such as @entity5 ( @entity5 ), whose management in the advanced forms includes anti-angiogenic therapy. Here, we studied the in situ and systemic immune status of advanced SFT @entity1 and the effects of @entity2240 (SM) in association with the clinical efficacy. METHODS: Immune contexture of @entity5 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in lesions from untreated or SM-treated @entity1 . Frequency of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T-cell functions was assessed ex vivo in SFT @entity1 prior and during anti-angiogenic therapy. @entity1 with long-term @entity5 control were included to correlate immune profiles and clinical responses. RESULTS: Anti-angiogenic na  ve SFT lesions were heavily infiltrated by CD163(+)CD14(+)CD68(-) and CD163(+)CD14(-)CD68(-) myeloid cells but devoid of T cells. Conversely, @entity5 acquired a new subset of CD68(+)CD14(+) myeloid cells and displayed traits of an on-going adaptive immunity, strongly enriched in activated @entity405 (+) and @entity404 (+) T cells. These changes at the @entity5 site paralleled the alleviation of systemic immunosuppression and the drop in the frequency of circulating monocytic MDSCs (mMDSCs) and granulocytic MDSCs (gMDSCs). Rebound in the number of mMDSCs, but not of gMDSCs occurred at disease progression, and a reduced percentages of mMDSCs, comparable to those found in healthy donors (HDs), endured only in the SM-responsive @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The immune contexture of SFT @entity1 is heavily involved in anti-angiogenic therapy and it could be exploited to achieve more durable disease control through immune-based combination strategies.

title: Adaptive immune contexture at the XXXX site and downmodulation of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the response of @entity5 patients to anti-angiogenic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib malate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['SFTs', 'post-SM tumours', 'solitary fibrous tumours', 'cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Tolerance against oxidative stress generated by high light intensities or the catalase inhibitor @entity7083 (AT) was induced in intact @entity286 plants by spraying them with @entity273 ( @entity274 ). Stress tolerance was concomitant with an enhanced antioxidant status as reflected by higher activity and/or protein levels of catalase, @entity9050 peroxidase, @entity12682 peroxidases, and @entity2041 peroxidase, as well as an increased @entity2041 pool. The induced stress tolerance was dependent on the dose of @entity274 applied. Moderate doses of @entity274 enhanced the antioxidant status and induced stress tolerance, while higher concentrations caused oxidative stress and symptoms resembling a hypersensitive response. In stress-tolerant plants, induction of catalase was 1.5-fold, that of @entity9050 peroxidase and @entity2041 peroxidase was 2-fold, and that of @entity12682 peroxidases was approximately 3-fold. Stress resistance was monitored by measuring levels of @entity1234 , an indicator of lipid peroxidation. The levels of @entity1234 in all @entity274 -treated plants exposed to subsequent high light or AT stress were similar to those of unstressed plants, whereas lipid peroxidation in @entity274 -untreated plants stressed with either high light or AT was 1.5- or 2-fold higher, respectively. Although all stress factors caused increases in the levels of @entity2041 , its levels were much higher in all @entity274 -pretreated plants. Moreover, significant accumulation of @entity9492 was observed only in plants that were not pretreated with @entity274 . Extending the AT stress period from 1 to 7 days resulted in death of @entity286 plants that were not pretreated with @entity274 , while all @entity274 -pretreated plants remained little affected by the prolonged treatment. Thus, activation of the plant antioxidant system by @entity274 plays an important role in the induced tolerance against oxidative stress.

title: @entity273 protects XXXX from oxidative stress by inducing a set of antioxidant enzymes.

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['oxidized glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity7083 :: ('MESH:D000640', 'Chemical') :: ['aminotriazole']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: PURPOSE: This multicenter pilot study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of a time-intensified @entity1732 , @entity2879 , @entity632 , @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 , and @entity229 (BEACOPP) regimen given in 14-day intervals (BEACOPP-14) with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) support in advanced @entity978 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From July 1997 until March 2000, 94 @entity1 with @entity978 stage @entity39638 , III, and IV were scheduled to receive eight cycles of BEACOPP-14. Consolidation radiotherapy was administered to regions with @entity66 or @entity41 after chemotherapy. RESULTS: All @entity1 were assessable for @entity137 and treatment outcome. Eighty-six @entity1 received the planned eight cycles of BEACOPP-14. Consolidation radiotherapy was given in 66 @entity1 . Chemotherapy could generally be administered on schedule. Dose reductions varied among drugs but were generally low. Acute @entity137 was moderate, with World Health Organization grade 3/4 @entity1431 in 75%, @entity882 in 23%, @entity417 in 65%, and @entity281 in 12% of @entity1 . A total of 88 @entity1 (94%) achieved a complete remission. Four @entity1 had progressive disease. At a median observation time of 34 months, five @entity1 have relapsed, one @entity1 developed a secondary @entity1893 , and three @entity204 were documented. The overall survival and freedom from treatment failure rates at 34 months were 97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93% to 100%) and 90% (95% CI, 84% to 97%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Acceleration of the BEACOPP baseline regimen by shortening cycle duration with @entity1261 support is feasible and effective with moderate acute @entity137 . On the basis of these results, the German @entity978 Study Group will compare the BEACOPP-14 regimen with BEACOPP-21 escalated in a prospective multicenter randomized trial.

title: 14-day variant of the @entity1732 , @entity2879 , @entity632 , @entity786 , XXXX , @entity4174 , and @entity229 regimen in advanced-stage @entity978 : results of a pilot study of the German @entity978 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initial bulky disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's Lymphoma", "Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Currently, little information is available regarding the prognostic role of angiogenesis and its correlation with @entity1014 phosphorylase (dThdPase) in @entity1124 . In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether @entity5 angiogenesis, dThdPase expression correlates with prognosis in @entity1 after radical surgical treatment for @entity1124 and to investigate the correlation between @entity5 angiogenesis and dThdPase expression. Furthermore, the role of @entity876 expression in @entity5 neovascularization was also examined in this study. METHODOLOGY: Tissue samples were taken from 32 @entity1 with @entity1124 after radical surgical treatment. Intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) and dThdPase, @entity876 expression were examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Increased IMVD significantly correlated with the @entity5 size, lymph node @entity3 and advanced TNM stage (p < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, increased IMVD correlated withpoorer survival curve (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was present between IMVD and dThdPase expression (p < 0.001), while dThdPase expression did not correlate with prognosis. @entity876 expression correlated with prognosis, whereas no significant correlation was shown between @entity876 expression and IMVD in @entity1124 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 angiogenesis is associated with clinicopathological factors regarding @entity5 progression and may be an important prognostic factor in @entity1124 . dThdPase plays an important role in @entity5 angiogenesis in @entity1124 . Mutant @entity876 expression may not involve in @entity5 angiogenesis in @entity1124 .

title: Prognostic role of angiogenesis and its correlations with @entity1014 phosphorylase and XXXX expression in @entity1124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Ninety-six @entity1 with @entity14 (stage B2-C) were randomized to the control arm or to receive adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity4181 , FU and @entity1139 . Ninety-three @entity1 are evaluable. The median follow up is 12 months. The average time between surgery and the start of therapy is 28 days. @entity137 is evaluable in 36 of 41 treated @entity1 . Four @entity1 (10%) failed to complete the projected treatment due to @entity137 . @entity137 observed in 208 courses of therapy was mostly gastrointestinal and hematological. No cases of treatment related @entity204 or @entity5 -associated @entity1381 (C-HUS) were reported. The average relative dose intensity (rDI) of the projected treatment was 82.6%. Our study is ongoing and further @entity1 are required to achieve statistically significant results.

title: 5-Fluorouracil (FU) with @entity4181 (FA) and mitomycin C ( @entity1139 ) in the adjuvant treatment of XXXX . Part I. Evaluation of @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of different doses of @entity56045 plasmid on the dynamics and magnitude of the mobilization of the mobilization bone of marrow stem cells in a @entity35 AMI model. METHODS: Different doses of plasmid DNA encoding @entity56045 gene, empty plasmid or saline were injected into male SD @entity35 intramuscularly with in vivo electroporation. @entity35 were subjected to left coronary artery ligation 6 days after gene transfer. Peripheral blood samples were drawn and @entity6098 + cells were assayed by FACS calibur flow-cytometer. The changes in absolute number of @entity6098 + cells were evaluated. RESULTS: Expressions of @entity56045 mRNA and protein were detected in the injection site 7 days after gene transfer. Five days after gene transfer, the @entity6098 + cells numbers in @entity56045 groups were significantly higher than those in empty plasmid group, especially in @entity56045 100 microg group (16.63x10(6)/L vs 4.98x10(6)/L, P<0.01). On the 5-7 days, the @entity6098 + cell numbers in @entity56045 groups reached the peak and the peak number was 3.88 times that of baseline in @entity56045 100 microg group (P<0.01). After AMI, the cell numbers of 1 day to 7 days were significantly higher than those of the baseline in empty plasmid group and saline group. In comparison to empty plasmid group, @entity56045 groups were associated with still higher numbers of cells 1 day after AMI (P< 0.05), especially in @entity56045 100 microg group (14.61x10(6)/L vs 7.85x10(6)/L, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity56045 gene transfer significantly increases the mobilization of @entity6098 + stem cells in acute @entity583 @entity35 .

title: [In vivo transfer of human chemokine-like factor 1 gene increases peripheral blood CD34+ stem cells after XXXX in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIM: To develop a technique of combined endoscopic sclerotherapy and ligation (ESL) in which both techniques of endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES) and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) can be optimally used. METHODS: ESL was performed in 10 @entity1 (age 46.4+/-7.9; 9 males, 1 female) with @entity1575 using sclerotherapy needle and Speedband, Superview multiple band ligater (Boston Scientific, Microvasive, Watertown, MA). A single band was placed 5-10 cm proximal to the gastro-esophageal junction over each varix from proximal to distal margin, followed by intravariceal injection of 1.5 % @entity5324 (4 ml each) 2 to 3 cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction on the ligated varices distal to deployed band. EVL was then performed at the injection site. Similarly other varices were also injected and ligated from distal to proximally. In the subsequent sessions, ES alone was performed to sclerose small varices at the gastroesophageal junction. RESULTS: ESL was successfully performed in all @entity1 . A median of 3 ( @entity15650 , @entity19716 ) sessions (ranged 1-4) were required to eradicate the varices in 9 (90 %) of 10 @entity1 . Recurrence of varices without @entity548 was seen in 1 @entity1 during a mean follow-up of 10.3 months (ranged 6-15). Two @entity1 died of @entity1578 . None died of variceal @entity548 . None of the @entity1 had procedure related complications. CONCLUSION: ESL may be useful in the fast eradication of esophageal varices. However, randomised controlled trials are required to find out its relative efficacy and impact on variceal recurrence in comparison to ES or EVL.

title: A new technique of combined endoscopic sclerotherapy and ligation for variceal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleed', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of liver']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['ethoxysclerol']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the 1980s, manual repackaging of multi-dose medications from pharmacies in Sweden was successively substituted with automated @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ). There are few studies evaluating the consequences of automated @entity6371 with regard to @entity1 safety, and those that investigate this issue are not very extensive. OBJECTIVES: To investigate Swedish health care professionals' perceived experience of automated @entity6371 and its effects on @entity1 adherence and @entity1 safety. METHODS: Three questionnaire forms, one for physicians, nurses, and assistant nurses/nursing assistants, were developed based on reviews of the literature and pilot testing of the questions in the intended target groups. The target groups were health professionals prescribing or administrating @entity6371 to @entity1 . A sample (every sixth municipality) was drawn from the sampling frame of Swedish municipalities, resulting in 40 municipalities, about 14% of all municipalities in Sweden. Email addresses of general practitioners were obtained from county councils, while the municipalities assisted in getting contact details for nurses, assistant nurses and nursing assistants. A total of 915 questionnaires were distributed electronically to physicians, 515 to nurses, and 4,118 to assistant nurses/nursing assistants. The data were collected in September and October 2012. RESULTS: The response rate among physicians, nurses and assistant nurses/nursing assistants was 31%, 43% and 23%, respectively. The professionals reported that automated @entity6371 reduces duplication of medication, contributes to correct dosages, helps @entity1 take their medication at the right time, and reduces @entity911 among @entity1 . Fifteen per cent of the physicians and about one-third of the nurses and assistant nurses/nursing assistants reported that generic substitution makes it more difficult for the @entity1 to identify the various medicines available in the sachets. The physicians did, however, note that prescribing medicine to @entity1 with automated @entity6371 is complicated and can be a risk for @entity1 safety. Both physicians and nurses requested more information on and training in automated @entity6371 . They also asked for more medication reviews. CONCLUSIONS: The professionals generally had a positive attitude to automated @entity6371 with regard to improved medication adherence, but said they believed that the electronic prescribing system posed a safety risk for @entity1 .

title: Health care professionals' perspectives on automated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'multi-dose drug dispensing']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['multi-dose drug dispensing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival rates of @entity1956 @entity1 after liver transplantation improved significantly by introduction of passive immunoprophylaxis. Due to viral escape mutations recurrence still occurs, but recently a combination prophylaxis with @entity1956 immunoglobuline plus @entity16332 is evaluated in transplant centers in terms of a further reduction of recurrence rates. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2000 a postoperative combination prophylaxis with HBIg and @entity16332 was initiated in 44 HBsAg positive liver transplant recipients. In total 14 @entity1 were @entity97 -DNA negative and 30 were @entity97 -DNA positive at the time of evaluation. In 22 @entity97 -DNA positive @entity1 a pre-operative @entity16332 treatment (150 mg/die) was started. Five of them developed pre-transplant @entity16332 resistance with high viral replication (mean @entity97 -DNA prior to transplantation 728 +/- 219 pg/ml). In all @entity1 passive immunoprophylaxis was started in the anhepatic phase with application of 10.000 units @entity1956 immunoglobuline. It was continued after seroconversion to HBsAg negativity with an aimed titer of more than 100 U/l and only stopped in case of @entity97 recurrence. @entity16332 was also continued indefinitely after liver transplantation. RESULTS: Overall recurrence rate in the 44 @entity1 , including retransplantations and @entity1 with pretransplant @entity16332 resistance, was 11.5 % under combination prophylaxis. @entity4557 was seen only in one of 39 @entity1 (2.6 %) without preoperative @entity16332 resistance, in contrast 4 out of 5 @entity1 (80 %) with pre-existing @entity16332 resistance suffered from early @entity1956 recurrence. The single @entity1 without preoperative @entity16332 resistance, who developed recurrence was pre-transplant @entity97 -DNA negative without @entity16332 treatment, but a postoperative seroconversion to negative HBsAg could not be achieved. The overall 3 year @entity1 survival rate was 91 % in the study population. One @entity1 , who was retransplanted with preoperative @entity16332 resistance, died 4.5 months after retransplantation due to @entity1956 recurrence and @entity295 , three other @entity1 died for reasons not related to @entity1956 recurrence. Combination prophylaxis was well tolerated in all @entity1 and no severe side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Combination prophylaxis with @entity1956 immunoglobulin and @entity16332 is safe and highly effective in prevention of @entity97 recurrence after liver transplantation, even in case of positive viral replication. In accordance with the results of other centers it should therefore be the standard regimen. However it fails in the majority of @entity1 with preoperative evolution of YMDD mutations, in which the optimal management has to be determined yet. To minimize preoperative resistance formation universal preoperative antiviral treatment of @entity97 -DNA positive @entity1 should be replaced by individualized indication for preoperative treatment.

title: Combination prophylaxis with @entity1956 immunoglobulin and @entity16332 after liver transplantation minimizes @entity97 recurrence rates unless evolution of pretransplant XXXX resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine', 'Lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['Recurrence']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity16332 :: (MESH:D019259,Chemical) :: ['lamivudine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnostic accuracy of a 2-D transvaginal scan, which is commonly employed to evaluate the regularity and shape of the uterine cavity in subfertile @entity1 , is relatively poor compared with other diagnostic modalities like saline infusion sonography (SIS) or hysteroscopy. SIS is a minimally invasive, cost-effective and acceptable diagnostic modality. Therefore the aim of this systematic review was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SIS in the evaluation of the uterine cavity in subfertile @entity1 . METHODS: A systematic review was conducted of diagnostic studies that compared SIS with hysteroscopy. Twenty relevant studies (including 1645 procedures) were identified and a subsequent meta-analysis was performed. Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies and references of relevant studies were cross checked. Validity was assessed and data were extracted independently by two authors. Heterogeneity was examined, studies were plotted in an ROC area and data were pooled. The main outcome measure was the diagnostic accuracy of saline infusion sonography. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and the post-test probabilities of saline infusion sonography on the prediction of uterine @entity854 were calculated. RESULTS: The pooled sensitivity of SIS in the detection of all intrauterine abnormalities was 0.88 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85-0.90). The pooled specificity was 0.94 (95% CI 0.93-0.96). The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 20.93 (95% CI: 9.06-48.34) and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.10-0.22), respectively. SIS had good accuracy in the detection of all intrauterine abnormalities (area under the summary receiver operating curve (sROC) = 0.97    0.01). SIS also had a high pooled sensitivity and specificity in the detection of @entity154 , 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79-0.90) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.00), respectively. However the limitations of the review include the heterogeneity amongst the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: SIS is a highly sensitive investigative modality and comparable to the gold standard tool, hysteroscopy in the detection of intrauterine abnormalities in subfertile @entity1 . SIS is a highly sensitive and specific test in the diagnosis of uterine @entity1127 , @entity1868 , @entity4547 and intrauterine adhesions and can be used as a screening tool for subfertile @entity1 prior to IVF treatment.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of saline infusion sonography in the evaluation of uterine XXXX prior to assisted reproductive techniques: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital uterine anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4547 :: ('MESH:C562565', 'Disease') :: ['uterine anomalies']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cavity abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['submucous myomas']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['cavity abnormalities']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is one of the most @entity66 . It has a high death rate and its incidence rate has been increasing all over the world. @entity2 appears as a solitary nodule in chest x- @entity16039 radiograph (CXR). Therefore, lung nodule detection in CXR could have a significant impact on early detection of @entity2 . Radiologists define a lung nodule in chest x- @entity16039 radiographs as "solitary white nodule-like blob". However, the solitary feature has not been employed for lung nodule detection before. In this paper, a solitary feature-based lung nodule detection method was proposed. We employed stationary wavelet transform and convergence index filter to extract the texture features and used AdaBoost to generate white nodule-likeness map. A solitary feature was defined to evaluate the isolation degree of candidates. Both the isolation degree and the white nodule-likeness were used as final evaluation of lung nodule candidates. The proposed method shows better performance and robustness than those reported in previous research. More than 80% and 93% of lung nodules in the lung field in the JSRT database were detected when the false positives per image was two and five, respectively. The proposed approach has the potential of being used in clinical practice.

title: A Solitary Feature-based Lung Nodule Detection Approach for Chest X- XXXX Radiographs.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deadly diseases']

answer: @entity16039 :: (255564,Species) :: ['Ray']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity813 as a result of @entity130 remains a major clinical problem in liver transplantation. This is related in part to accumulation of mitochondrial @entity460 . In an attempt to sustain cell and mitochondrial integrity during @entity63 , intramitochondrial F(0)F(1) @entity855 ( @entity855 ) synthase reverses its activity and hydrolyzes @entity855 to maintain the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (mdeltapsi). It is not known how cytoplasmic @entity855 becomes available for hydrolysis by this enzyme. The authors hypothesized that mitochondrial @entity1708 translocator (ANT) reverses its activity during @entity63 , making cytoplasmic @entity855 available for hydrolysis by F(0)F(1) @entity855 synthase. METHODS: @entity35 livers were perfused with cold University of Wisconsin solution at 4 degrees C (39.2 degrees F)through the portal vein and processed immediately or after 24 hr of cold storage. Mitochondria were separated by differential centrifugation. @entity855 -dependent mitochondrial calcium-45 (45Ca)2+ uptake was determined after incubation with @entity855 (5 mM) or @entity857 ( @entity857 ) (5 mM) with or without 15 microM of @entity24948 (BA), an ANT blocker; the nonhydrolyzable analog of @entity855 (adenosine 5'-beta,gamma-imidotriphosphate [ @entity860 -PNP]) served as the negative control. All measurements were performed in triplicate. Student t test, P<0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS: Inhibition of ANT by BA prevents mitochondrial @entity141 accumulation in the presence of @entity855 and high 45 @entity141 concentrations, and increased extramitochondrial 45Ca2+ stimulated mitochondrial 45 @entity141 uptake in the presence of @entity855 but not @entity857 , @entity860 -PNP, or BA. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that ANT plays an important role in mitochondrial @entity141 uptake under @entity63 conditions by reversing its activity and allowing transport of extramitochondrial @entity855 into the matrix for hydrolysis by reversed F(0)F(1) @entity855 synthase.

title: Reversed activity of mitochondrial @entity1708 translocator in XXXX -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['preservation injury']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['Graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity24948 :: ('MESH:D001865', 'Chemical') :: ['bongkrekic acid']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize colon and rectum walls, pericolic and perirectal spaces, using endoscopic ultrasonography miniprobes. METHODS: Sixty individuals (50% males), aged 18-80, were included. Using 12 and 20 MHz endoscopic ultrasonography miniprobes, all different @entity694 (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid) and rectum were evaluated according to the number and thickness of the different layers in intestinal wall, to the presence and (largest) diameter of vessels in the submucosa and of peri-intestinal nodes. RESULTS: The 20 MHz miniprobe identified a higher number of layers than the 12 MHz miniprobe, with medians of 7 and 5 respectively (p < 0.001). The rectal wall (p = 0.001), its muscularis propria (p < 0.001) and mucosa (p = 0.01) were significantly thicker than the different segments of the colon, which had no significant differences between them. @entity1 aged 41-60 presented thicker @entity694 in descending (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004) and rectum (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01). Submucosal vessels were identified in 30% of individuals in descending and rectum, and in 12% in ascending. Adenopathies were observed in 9% of the @entity694 and 5% in rectum. CONCLUSIONS: A higher frequency enabled the identification of a higher number of layers. Rectal wall is thicker than the one from all the segments of the colon and there are no differences between these, namely in the ascending colon. Moreover, periintestinal @entity3018 were rarely identified but present in asymptomatic individuals. All together, these results describe for the first time features which are relevant during staging and therapeutic management of @entity1049 .

title: Echoendoscopic characterization of the XXXX colon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon segments', 'colonic wall and muscularis propria']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathies']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity159 is usually initially treated with a @entity1245 such as @entity3175 . During prolonged @entity410 , however, @entity1 often lose their sensitivity to @entity1245 , thus developing pharmacoresistant @entity410 . In @entity35 , administration of @entity4113 followed 20-24 h later by @entity2134 induces a continuous, self-sustained, and reproducible form of @entity159 that can be terminated with @entity3175 when it is administered soon after the @entity2134 injection. However, when administered after a 45 min delay, @entity3175 is less effective. Previous findings have suggested that the development of pharmacoresistance is related to the stage of @entity159 . In the present study, we characterized the @entity410 stage-dependence of @entity3175 pharmacoresistance. Following administration of different doses of @entity3175 at varying time intervals after specific behaviorally- and electrographically-defined @entity410 stages, stage-, time-, and dose-dependent pharmacoresistance to @entity3175 developed. We also studied two other antiepileptic drugs commonly used in the treatment of @entity159 , @entity109 and @entity3174 . Consistent with previous studies, our results indicated a similar relationship between stage, time and dose for @entity109 , but not for @entity3174 . Our data are consistent with rapid modulation of @entity1246 (A) receptors during @entity159 that may result in pharmacoresistance to antiepileptic drugs that enhance @entity1246 (A) receptor-mediated inhibition.

title: Characterization of pharmacoresistance to @entity1245 in the @entity35 Li- XXXX model of @entity159 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'Status epilepticus']

answer: @entity2134 :: (MESH:D010862,Chemical) :: ['pilocarpine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sex-specific differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, clinical treatment, and clinical outcomes of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), sustained @entity943 , and @entity1164 are recognized. Sex hormones cause differences in cardiac electrophysiological parameters between @entity1 and @entity1 that may affect the risk for @entity943 . The incidence and prevalence of @entity955 is lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 . However, because @entity1 live longer and @entity955 prevalence increases with age, the absolute number of @entity1 with @entity955 exceeds that of @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity955 are more symptomatic, present with more atypical symptoms, and report worse quality of life in comparison with @entity1 . Female sex is an independent risk factor for @entity204 or @entity64 attributable to @entity955 . Oral anticoagulation therapy for @entity64 prevention has similar efficacy for @entity1 and @entity1 , but older @entity1 treated with @entity1229 have a higher residual risk of @entity64 in comparison with @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity955 are less likely to receive rhythm control antiarrhythmic drug therapy, electric cardioversion, or catheter ablation in comparison with @entity1 . The incidence and prevalence of sustained @entity943 and @entity1164 are lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 . @entity1 receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention of @entity1164 are less likely to experience sustained @entity943 in comparison with @entity1 . In contrast, @entity1 receiving a cardiac resynchronization therapy implantable cardioverter defibrillator for the treatment of @entity712 are more likely to benefit than @entity1 . @entity1 are less likely to be referred for implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy despite current guideline recommendations. @entity1 are more likely to experience a significant complication related to implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation in comparison with @entity1 . Whether sex differences in treatment decisions reflect @entity1 preferences or treatment biases requires further study.

title: @entity955 and XXXX : Sex Differences in Electrophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Clinical Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of @entity5 -suppressing gene wild type @entity983 on the cell proliferation, apoptosis and the possible regulations of apoptosis-related molecules Survivin, @entity9846 and @entity17205 gene in @entity1 @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) and cell line K562 cells. METHODS: (1) The recombinant adenovirus containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and @entity983 ( @entity983 ) or empty vector (Ad-GFP) was transfected into K562 cells. The growth of K562 cells was observed by @entity98 assay while cell cycle and apoptotic rate were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). @entity983 , Survivin, @entity9846 and @entity17205 mRNA levels were detected by real-time fluorescent relative-quantification reverse transcriptional PCR (FQ-PCR) while @entity983 protein levels analyzed by Western blot. (2) The expression levels of @entity983 , Survivin, @entity9846 and @entity17205 mRNA were detected in 10 @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) @entity1 in chronic phase ( @entity1860 ), 10 @entity1860 @entity1 in @entity9638 ( @entity1860 ) and 10 normal control marrow mononuclear cells (MMNC). RESULTS: The growth of K562 cells was suppressed markedly. And the maximal growth inhibition rate was 38.6% after the transfection of @entity983 . Survivin, @entity9846 , @entity17205 mRNA expression levels were down-regulated by around 6.14, 7.44 and 2.95 folds respectively (0.0700    0.0059, 0.0089    0.0006, 0.0600    0.0039 vs 0.4370    0.0790, 0.0661    0.0072, 0.1580    0.0078 vs 0.4530    0.0810, 0.0700    0.0079, 0.1770    0.0085, all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of @entity983 in @entity1860 @entity1 was lower than that in @entity1860 @entity1 and normal control. But Survivin, @entity9846 , @entity17205 mRNA expression levels were higher in @entity1860 @entity1 than those in @entity1860 and normal control. CONCLUSION: The over-expression of @entity983 gene may inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells and promote cell apoptosis via the regulation of Survivin, @entity9846 and @entity17205 genes.

title: [Regulation of wild type @entity983 gene on Survivin, @entity9846 and XXXX in chronic leukemia cells].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crises']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia', 'chronic myeloid leukemia', 'CML-BC', 'CML-CP']

answer: @entity17205 :: (56616,Gene) :: ['Smac']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Episodic and @entity2794 (EH, CH) are highly prevalent disorders. Severely affected @entity1 are usually referred to @entity10 centres. In Austria, at least one @entity10 centre is available in seven of nine states, but detailed multicentre data are missing. Therefore we studied prevalence rates, use of medication and health care services, impact of @entity10 , and comorbid @entity308 and @entity148 . METHODS: We included consecutive @entity1 from eight Austrian outpatient @entity10 centres. The @entity1 filled-in the Eurolight questionnaire. In addition, the treating neurologist completed a questionnaire on clinical diagnoses and ever-before prophylactic medications. RESULTS: Of 598 @entity1 screened, 441 questionnaires were analysed (79  % female, mean age 41.1  years). According to the Eurolight algorithm, 56.4  % of the @entity1 had EH, 38.3  % had CH and 5.2  % did not give their @entity10 frequency. The prevalence rates of @entity2704 , @entity2701 , and probable medication overuse @entity10 (pMOH) were 48.5  %, 6.3  % and 15.9  %, respectively. The concordance between clinical and Eurolight diagnoses was good for EH and moderate for CH. During the preceding month, acute medication was used by 90.9  % of the @entity1 and prophylactic medication by 34  %. Ever-before use of five standard prophylactic drugs was recorded in 52.3  %. The proportion of @entity1 with current pharmacoprophylaxis did not differ in EH and CH, whereas ever-before use was more common in CH (62.5  % was 45,3  %, p   =   0.02). @entity1 with CH significantly more often consulted general practitioners and emergency departments, had a lower quality of life and more often signs of @entity308 and @entity148 . CONCLUSION: This study provides comprehensive data from eight Austrian @entity10 centres for the first time. We found a substantial number of @entity1 with CH including pMOH and its association with more common utilization of health care facilities and greater burden. The low use of prophylactic medication requires further examination.

title: Prevalence, management and burden of episodic and @entity2794 -a cross-sectional multicentre study in eight Austrian XXXX centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headaches']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: @entity8184 is a common intestinal parasitic protist infecting birds and mammals. @entity8184 comprises at least 17 subtypes (ST), of which @entity28620 have been detected in @entity1 . Significant correlation between certain subtypes and pathogenicity remains to be established. Nevertheless, some studies suggest a potential linkage between subtypes (inter- and @entity1320 ) and clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to identify intra-subtype genetic variation of subtypes of @entity8184 submitted by diarrheic and non-diarrheic @entity1 . A 550-bp fragment of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal rRNA gene was amplified from 58 culture-positive samples isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic Iranian @entity1 . PCR products were sequenced and sequences subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Intra-and inter-subtype variation was calculated. Based on comparison with reference sequences in GenBank, @entity28620 , @entity8389 and @entity49155 were found in 18 (31.03%), 21 (36.22%), and 19 (32.75%) of the samples, respectively. Diarrheic stools were observed in eight (44.44%), 10 (47.61%), and nine (47.36%) @entity1 with @entity28620 , @entity8389 , and @entity49155 , respectively. No statistically significant correlation was found between subtypes and @entity294 (P=1.000). Multiple sequence alignment exhibited a within-subtype similarity of 98.76%, 97.17%, and 99.78% in @entity28620 , @entity8389 , and @entity49155 , respectively. Highest similarity was seen among @entity49155 isolates, while lowest similarity was seen among @entity8389 isolates. Phylogenetic analysis did not suggest any correlation between @entity294 and @entity1320 . Inter- and @entity1320 in SSU rRNA gene appears not to reflect differences in the clinical outcome of @entity8184 carriage.

title: Inter- and @entity1320 of XXXX subtypes isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic @entity1 in Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8184 :: ('MESH:D016776', 'Disease') :: ['Blastocystis in stools samples', 'Blastocystis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-subtype variation']

answer: @entity8184 :: (MESH:D016776,Disease) :: ['Blastocystis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate whether the serum @entity11752 ( @entity11752 ) can be used as a potential biomarker screening in the diagnosis of @entity977 (PAs). @entity1 AND METHODS: The serum @entity11752 protein levels were preoperatively measured in 163 PA @entity1 , 43 @entity1 with other sellar lesions excluding PAs, 7 @entity1 with @entity263 as a positive control and 20 normal @entity1 (10 female and 10 male) using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Differences in the serum @entity11752 level between different groups were analyzed for statistical significance with a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The data showed that serum @entity11752 level was significantly higher in the serum of PA @entity1 (250.10  79.14ng/ml) than the @entity1 with other sellar lesions (220.84  79.62ng/ml, P=0.017) and normal @entity1 (163.67  50.38ng/ml, P <0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used. The detected area under the curve (AUC) was 0.835. The calculated optimal cut-off point for @entity11752 level in serum samples was 158.63ng/ml (Youden index=0.564). The sensitivity was 91.4% and the specificity was 65.0%. Despite the variety of PA clinical features, the serum level of @entity11752 are definite in PAs, although there may be a difference between male or female @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our data suggests @entity11752 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of PAs.

title: Serum @entity11752 as a useful biomarker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and @entity137 of concurrent chemotherapy and @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in the treatment of locally advanced, inoperable @entity5 . METHODS: A prospective study of 19 @entity1 with histologically confirmed, locally advanced, inoperable @entity189 . @entity400 was prescribed from day 1 to doses of 40.5 Gy (three @entity1 ), 42 Gy (five @entity1 ), 45 Gy (four @entity1 ), 46.5 Gy (three @entity1 ) and 49.5 Gy (four @entity1 ). @entity900 75 mg/m2 was administered on day 1 of radiotherapy, followed by @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) 1000 mg daily for 4 days. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed radiotherapy, with two requiring modification of their chemotherapy dose. Acute @entity137 was acceptable, with no interruptions to treatment. The median @entity1282 free time was 9.6 months with 38% of @entity1 being @entity1282 free at 42 months. The median time to locoregional relapse was 13.2 months with 50% being free at 1 year and 35% at 3.5 years. There was a trend towards greater control when the higher doses (45-49.5 Gy) were compared with the lower doses (40.5-42 Gy), P = 0.07. The median survival time was 10.7 months with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 50 and 26%, respectively. Strictures developed in seven out of 18 @entity1 (38%), but five were found on biopsy to be due to recurrent disease. There was no other long-term @entity137 and no treatment-related @entity204 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: @entity400 with concomitant @entity900 / @entity1487 chemotherapy is a feasible treatment option in these @entity1 . It is well tolerated, achieves a high rate of local control and effectively palliates the symptoms of @entity1282 , all with relatively rapid resolution of treatment-related @entity137 . The results warrant continued dose escalation to 51 Gy.

title: A phase I/II study of @entity400 with concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced, inoperable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['continuous, hyperfractionated, accelerated radiotherapy weekend less', 'CHARTWEL']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus']


abstract: The impact of stress on the transcription of @entity35 adrenal @entity669 hydroxylase and @entity935 beta-hydroxylase genes was examined. Nuclear run-on assays revealed that repeated immobilization stress elicited marked (about threefold) increases in the relative rates of transcription, being sustained for at least one day. Parallel changes in the steady-state messenger RNA levels for @entity669 hydroxylase and @entity935 beta-hydroxylase were also observed. A single episode of stress triggered similar enhancements in their relative transcription rates. Depending on the duration of the stress signal, the effect on gene transcription varied in its persistence. After very short (5 min) immobilization, there was a marked transient rise in the transcription of both genes, without an accumulation of the corresponding mRNAs. Longer episodes of stress (30 min) increased the relative rate of @entity669 hydroxylase transcription for hours, causing elevations in the steady-state messenger RNA levels. In contrast, although @entity935 beta-hydroxylase transcription was elevated to a similar extent by 30-min immobilization stress, the effect was transient and not reflected in significant accumulation of its messenger RNA. The results of our studies emphasize that the stress-evoked increases in the expression of the genes encoding adrenomedullary @entity2922 biosynthetic enzymes involve transcriptional activation. Depending on the duration and reiteration of the stress signal, different transcriptional mechanisms may be employed.

title: Transient or sustained transcriptional activation of the genes encoding @entity35 adrenomedullary XXXX biosynthetic enzymes by different durations of immobilization stress.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Appropriate fluid balance is important for good clinical outcomes and survival in @entity1 on peritoneal dialysis. We recently reported that lymphangiogenesis associated with @entity82 developed in the peritoneal cavity via the transforming growth factor-b1-vascular endothelial growth factor-C ( @entity9961 ) pathway. We investigated whether @entity7802 ( @entity7802 ), the receptor for @entity27484 , might be a new target to improve net ultrafiltration by using adenovirus-expressing soluble @entity7802 (Adeno-sVEGFR-3) in rodent models of @entity6378 induced by @entity14625 ( @entity11999 ). We demonstrated that lymphangiogenesis developed in these @entity11999 models, especially in the diaphragm, indicating that lymphangiogenesis is a common feature in the peritoneal cavity with @entity32 and @entity82 . In @entity11999 models, @entity9205 was significantly increased in the diaphragm; however, @entity9961 was not significantly upregulated. Adeno-sVEGFR-3, which was detected on day 50 after administration via tail vein injections, successfully suppressed lymphangiogenesis in the diaphragm and parietal peritoneum in @entity19 @entity11999 models without significant effects on @entity82 , @entity32 , or neoangiogenesis. Drained volume in the peritoneal equilibration test using a 7.5% icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution (the 7.5% icodextrin peritoneal equilibration test) was improved by Adeno-sVEGFR-3 on day 22 (P<0.05) and day 50 after @entity32 (P<0.01), indicating that the 7.5% icodextrin peritoneal equilibration test identifies changes in lymphangiogenesis. The solute transport rate was not affected by suppression of lymphangiogenesis. In @entity1 peritoneal dialysis @entity1 , the dialysate to plasma ratio of @entity1011 positively correlated with the dialysate @entity9205 concentration (P<0.001). @entity9205 mRNA was significantly higher in the peritoneal membranes of @entity1 with ultrafiltration failure, indicating that @entity9205 is involved in the development of lymphangiogenesis in peritoneal dialysis @entity1 . These results indicate that @entity7802 is a new target to improve net ultrafiltration by suppressing lymphatic absorption and that the 7.5% icodextrin peritoneal equilibration test is useful for estimation of lymphatic absorption.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 29 June 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.87.

title: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 is a novel target to improve net ultrafiltration in XXXX -induced @entity6378 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'reduction of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity14625 :: (MESH:D011765,Chemical) :: ['methylglyoxal']


abstract: @entity796 is the leading pathogen of chronic @entity82 . Life-long persistence in the inflamed and ever fluctuating @entity1577 lungs results in the selection of a variety of changes in @entity796 physiology. Accumulating evidence suggests that especially metabolic changes support the survival and growth of @entity796 within the @entity519 and nutritious @entity1577 mucus. To investigate if metabolic adaptations we described for hypermutable @entity796 from late @entity9129 (Hoboth et al., 2009. J. Infect. Dis., pp. 118-130) may represent specific changes in response to the selective conditions within the @entity26 -restricted @entity1577 mucus, we determined the expression of a set of genes during aerobic and @entity519 growth in LB and the artificial sputum medium ASM. We further focused on the regulation of the two @entity9275 dehydrogenases Icd and Idh. Interestingly, both isoenzymes may replace each other under aerobic and @entity519 conditions. The @entity1110 - and RpoS-dependent Icd seems to be the leading isoenzyme under prolonged @entity26 limitation and stationary growth phase. LacZ reporter analysis revealed that @entity26 -restriction increased the expression levels of azu, cbb3-1, cbb3-2, ccpR, icd, idh and oprF gene, whereas himD and nuoA are increasingly expressed only during @entity519 growth in ASM. Overexpression of the anaerobic regulator Anr improved the expression of azu, ccpR, cbb3-2 and icd. In summary, expression of azu, cbb3-1, cbb3-2, ccpR, icd, idh, oprF, himD, and nuoA appeared to be beneficial for the growth of @entity796 under @entity519 conditions indicating these genes may represent marker genes for the metabolic adaptation to the @entity1577 lung environment.

title: Marker genes for the metabolic adaptation of @entity796 to the XXXX environment.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9129 :: ('MESH:C563237', 'Disease') :: ['CF lung disease']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['hypoxic cystic fibrosis lung']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to establish whether individuals who developed @entity694 have elevated blood levels of @entity442 ( @entity442 ). METHODS: This was a case/control study in which 52 @entity1 with @entity694 and a corresponding control group were investigated. Data on age, weight, height, and sex of subjects were recorded and levels of @entity442 and @entity2124 , as well as @entity2690 and C-peptide levels, were measured in the morning before eating, 90 min after breakfast and again 90 min after lunch. RESULTS: We found significantly higher levels of @entity442 in blood of @entity694 @entity1 compared to the control group. No differences in the levels of @entity2124 , @entity2690 and C-peptide in blood were found between @entity694 @entity1 and the control group. It was found that the increase of @entity442 level was followed by a 3.15-fold increased risk for developing @entity694 . There were no differences in the levels of @entity442 in blood in all three measurements in the group of @entity694 @entity1 , whereas differences were found in the control group. We found differences in the levels of @entity2690 and C-peptide in blood in all three measurements in both groups of @entity1 . No differences were found in the levels of @entity2124 in blood in all three measurements in both groups of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest a positive correlation between the increased levels of @entity442 and @entity694 and are thus consistent with the hypothesis that the level of @entity442 plays an important role in the development of @entity694 .

title: Role of XXXX in colon cancerogenesis: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1']


abstract: @entity418 represents one of the most common and lethal @entity5 around the World. Some areas of South America, including parts of Brazil, present the highest incidence of the disease in the West. The main etiological factors that have been associated with the disease in Brazil are @entity167 consumption, @entity286 smoking and, in the South, consumption of hot mat  . @entity15028 are the only carcinogens capable of inducing @entity5 in the esophagus of experimental animals, with the @entity35 being the most susceptible species, mainly due to tissue specific metabolic activation by CYP enzymes. Studies of @entity5944 expression in the esophagus of rodents suggest an association between @entity5944 expression and esophageal susceptibility to @entity5 induction. @entity5944 and @entity5321 , the main enzymes to activate @entity15028 in @entity1 , are the only carcinogen activating CYP enzymes to be expressed in the esophagus of Brazilians. @entity1 who presented high levels of @entity5944 expression could activate @entity15028 at rates comparable to the @entity35 . This expression profile is different from those present in French @entity1 . We investigated 34 Brazilian @entity1 regarding the risk associated with polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes and @entity876 mutations. A @entity4191 polymorphism presented a clear risk to white and non-white @entity1 to develop @entity418 . @entity9164 null polymorphism also seemed to be associated with an increased risk. @entity5944 , @entity5321 , @entity4723 , and @entity4192 polymorphisms were not associated with an increased risk of @entity418 . @entity876 mutations occurred mostly in exon 7, differing from the mutation profile found in the IARC database. The preliminary results obtained with polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes and @entity876 mutations need to be confirmed in a larger number of samples in order to compare the mechanisms of @entity418 development in Brazilians with that of other populations.

title: Mechanisms of XXXX development in Brazilians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15028 :: ('MESH:D009602', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrosamines', 'nitrosamines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'Esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive drugs continue to pose significant risks such as @entity137 , or @entity5 when used in long-term therapy. The investigation of newer and safer combined treatment strategies that decrease the need for these drugs is becoming increasingly important. Immunonutrients are known to have significant modulating effects on the immune system. Feeding with Impact, a commercially available diet enriched with @entity369 , @entity9539 , and RNA, recently has been shown to extend @entity35 cardiac allograft survival when combined with a donor-specific transfusion (DST) and @entity205 ( @entity870 ). Because @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) is now commonly used in the clinical setting, the current study was designed to examine the effect on @entity35 cardiac allograft survival when @entity2098 was added to this immunosuppressive regimen. METHODS: Intra-abdominal ACI to Lewis heterotopic cardiac allografts were performed. Study groups included untreated controls and recipients receiving varying combinations of a DST (1 mL) on the day prior to engraftment, @entity2098 45 mg/kg/day from the day of transplant through postoperative day six, and @entity870 10 mg/kg on the day prior to operation and 2.5 mg/kg from the day of transplant through postoperative day 6. Animals were fed ad libitum with Impact diet or standard lab chow. Graft survival was determined by cessation of a palpable @entity16257 . RESULTS: Treatment with @entity2098 led to a prolonged allograft survival over historical untreated controls. The combination of @entity2098 with a donor-specific transfusion, Impact, or @entity870 was associated with an increase in graft survival over @entity2098 alone. The addition of Impact to the combination of @entity2098 and @entity870 resulted in further improvement. The most pronounced graft survival advantage was seen when Impact was combined with a DST and both of the immunosuppressive agents. One quarter of the animals in this group had a palpable donor heart beat at greater than 150 days, indicating functional tolerance in those animals. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of Impact diet to treatment groups in this study was associated with graft survival advantages when compared to most of the other study groups receiving a similar drug regimen and standard chow. These findings support the importance of nutritional influences on allograft survival, and highlight the potential of diet therapy when used with short courses of clinically relevant immunosuppressive drugs.

title: The effect of nutritional immunomodulation on cardiac allograft survival in @entity35 receiving XXXX , @entity205 , and donor-specific transfusion.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['infection, toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the @entity1 treated for @entity10470 and the problems encountered during diagnosis and treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included eight @entity1 (5 females, 3 males; mean age 50 years; range 36 to 68 years) who underwent surgery for @entity10470 . Diagnosis was confirmed by power Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in all @entity1 . Angiography was performed in three @entity1 to evaluate vascularity and to perform embolization before surgery. Two @entity1 had previously undergone biopsy elsewhere. The mean follow-up was 15 months (range 2 to 36 months). RESULTS: The size of the @entity5 varied from 3 cm to 11 cm. In two @entity1 the @entity5 were found to extend to the skull base. @entity2998 and the common carotid artery was performed in five @entity1 and in one @entity1 , respectively. Surgery-associated @entity130 given to the internal carotid artery in two @entity1 were repaired by sutures. The 10th cranial nerve was dissected in two @entity1 who had undergone a prior biopsy. They developed @entity912 and hoarseness postoperatively. Resection of the 11th cranial nerve in one @entity1 resulted in shoulder @entity158 and drop shoulder. The 12th cranial nerve was repaired end-to-end by neurorrhaphy in two @entity1 . They exhibited significant improvement in nerve functions a year after surgery. CONCLUSION: The larger the @entity5 is, the more difficult the resection is, and the more @entity130 are caused to the surrounding nerves and vessels.

title: XXXX : challenging complexity of diagnosis and surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['Ligation of the external carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity10470 :: ('MESH:D002345', 'Disease') :: ['carotid body tumors']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['cord paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity10470 :: (MESH:D002345,Disease) :: ['Carotid body tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) may be obesogens. However, the role of @entity2556 independent of environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) is unclear, and the interaction between @entity2556 and ETS remains unknown. METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analyses of urinary concentrations of @entity2556 metabolites, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in 1985 @entity1 aged 6-18 years using data from the 2003-2008 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ETS exposure level was measured as serum @entity4874 level. RESULTS: @entity2556 metabolites were positively associated with BMI and WC in both the ETS-unexposed and ETS-exposed groups. The adjusted odds ratios for general @entity28 defined by age- and sex-specific BMI>= 95th percentile across the quartiles of total @entity2556 metabolites were 1, 4.51, 2.57, and 8.09 (Ptrend=0.003) in the ETS-unexposed group and 1, 2.02, 1.83, and 3.86 (Ptrend<0.001) in the ETS-exposed group. However, the association of @entity2556 metabolites with @entity28 became stronger as serum @entity4874 levels increased (Pinteraction<0.05). Among those with high ETS exposure, the adjusted odds ratios for general @entity28 across quartiles of total @entity2556 metabolites were 1, 2.89, 5.26, and 16.29 (Ptrend<0.001). Compared to the low @entity2556 -exposure group without exposure to ETS, the high ETS- and high @entity2556 -exposure group had 33.85- and 17.64-fold greater risks of general and central @entity28 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Environmental exposure to @entity2556 may be associated with @entity28 irrespective of ETS. In particular, simultaneous exposure to @entity2556 and ETS may substantially increase the risk of @entity28 .

title: Synergistic interaction between @entity2555 and environmental @entity286 smoke on the risk of @entity28 in XXXX and adolescents: The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2008.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Resection of the extrahepatic bile duct is not performed uniformly in @entity1086 . The study investigated the clinical significance of resection of extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) in T2 and T3 @entity1086 . METHODS: Between 2000 and 2010, 71 T2 or T3 @entity1086 @entity1 who underwent R0 resection at Korea University Medical Center were included. Clinicopathological data were reviewed retrospectively. Survival analysis and comparison between EHBD resection and non-resection groups were performed. RESULTS: The 32 @entity1 and 39 @entity1 had 49 T2 @entity5 and 22 T3 @entity5 . The overall survival rate was 67.8 % at 3 years and 47.2 % at 5 years. In multivariate analysis for overall survival, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node @entity3 were significant independent predictors. Comparing the @entity1 according to EHBD resection, the EHBD resection group demonstrated significantly longer hospital stay, longer operative time, more transfusion requirement, more extensive liver resection, and less treatment of neoadjuvant therapy. Significantly higher proportions of perineural invasion and lymph node @entity3 were noted in the EHBD resection group. There were no statistically significant differences in survival between the EHBD resection and non-resection groups. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of extrahepatic bile duct was not always necessary in T2 and T3 @entity5 . However, the @entity1 who undergo resection of extrahepatic bile duct tended to have @entity146 characteristics and undergo more aggressive surgical approach. To enhance overall survival for the @entity1 with T2 and T3 @entity1086 , surgeons should try to perform R0 resection including EHBD resection.

title: Surgical strategy for T2 and T3 XXXX : is extrahepatic bile duct resection always necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['more aggressive tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder cancers']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: Oncogenesis is a progressive process often involving collaboration between various oncogenes and @entity5 suppressors. To identify those genes that collaborate with oncogenic ras, we took advantage of the Tg.AC transgenic @entity19 , a line that harbors the v-Ha-ras transgene and spontaneously develops an array of @entity5 . By crossing Tg.AC @entity19 on an inbred FVB background to other inbred strains, F1 @entity19 were created that could be analysed using genome wide, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) screens. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in @entity5 and @entity5 cell lines marked a somatic event, possibly the inactivation of @entity5 suppressor gene(s). LOH could also represent DNA damage, a sign of genomic instability in the pretransformed cell. Nonetheless, the screens showed no evidence of such generalized genomic instability. Instead, they revealed a single region of LOH on chromosome 4 that occurred via somatic recombination/gene conversion, generating a region of @entity8882 . This LOH provided a clue that linked v-Ha-ras to the inactivation of the @entity3842 locus in 25 of 32 @entity5 cell lines. This collaboration is seen regardless of @entity5 type or genetic background. In contrast, @entity5 that develop in bitransgenic @entity19 bearing both the v-Ha-ras gene and a heterozygous mutant @entity899 allele tend to retain the @entity3842 locus and instead lose the @entity899 wild-type allele. This suggests that different strategies can be selected to collaborate with v-Ha-ras in tumorigenesis.

title: Genome-wide SNP analysis of Tg.AC @entity19 reveals an oncogenic collaboration between v-Ha-ras and @entity3842 , which is absent in XXXX deficiency.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['isoparental disomy']

answer: @entity899 :: (22060(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Cortical excitability can be reliably assessed by means of paired-pulse stimulation techniques. Recent studies demonstrated particularly for motor and visual cortex that cortical excitability is systematically altered following the induction of learning processes or during the development of pathological symptoms. A recent tactile coactivation protocol developed by Godde and coworkers showed that improvement of tactile performance in @entity1 can be achieved also without training through passive stimulation on a time scale of a few hours. Tactile coactivation evokes plastic changes in somatosensory cortical areas as measured by blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation in fMRI or SEP-dipole localization, which correlated with the individual gain in performance. To demonstrate changes in excitability of somatosensory cortex after tactile coactivation, we combined assessment of tactile performance with recordings of paired-pulse SEPs after electrical median nerve stimulation of both the right coactivated and left control hand at ISIs of 30 and 100 ms before, 3 h after and 24 h after tactile coactivation. Amplitudes and latencies of the first and second cortical N20/ @entity4667 response components were calculated. For the coactivated hand, we found significantly lowered discrimination thresholds and significantly reduced @entity13635 (second N20/ @entity4667 response/first N20/ @entity4667 response) at an ISI of 30 ms after tactile coactivation indicating enhanced cortical excitability. No changes in paired-pulse behaviour were observed for ISIs of 100 ms. Both psychophysical and cortical effects recovered to baseline 24 h after tactile coactivation. The individual increase of excitability correlated with the individual gain in discrimination performance. For the left control hand we found no effects of tactile coactivation on paired-pulse behaviour and discrimination threshold. Our results indicate that changes in cortical excitability are modified by tactile coactivation and were scaled with the degree of improvement of the individual perceptual learning. Conceivably, changes of cortical excitability seem to constitute an additional important marker and mechanism underlying plastic reorganization.

title: Sustained increase of somatosensory cortex excitability by tactile coactivation studied by paired median nerve stimulation in XXXX correlates with perceptual gain.

entities_list: @entity13635 :: ('MESH:C537238', 'Disease') :: ['paired-pulse ratios']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: This study analyzed the predictable factors of outcome such as neuro-parameters and systemic complications to elucidate the indications for therapeutic @entity2332 . In our institute, 35 @entity1 with severe @entity542 (Glasgow @entity772 Scale 3-7) were treated with mild @entity2332 therapy (33 degrees-35 degrees C). Twenty-two of these 35 @entity1 underwent complete neuromonitoring and outcome assessments by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at three months after injury. GOS of @entity2332 group was significantly better than another @entity1 group which was treated without mild @entity2332 therapy. The @entity2332 group was divided into two groups: good outcome (GOOD) (good recovery or moderate disability; n = 9, 40.9%) and poor outcome (POOR) (severe disability, vegetative state, or @entity204 ; n = 13, 59.1%). The mean age (mean 30.2 years, range 9-46) was significantly lower in GOOD than in POOR (mean 45.2 years, range 17-62). @entity1 aged over 50 years had poor outcome. CPP was significantly higher in GOOD during @entity2332 . All @entity1 with @entity882 had poor outcome. @entity2332 therapy can improve outcome in @entity1 with @entity131 who are younger than 50 years old, without severe @entity75 , and if improvement of cerebral perfusion is expected. Systemic complications must be prevented as far as possible by combination with other therapies.

title: Assessment of prognostic factors in severe @entity131 XXXX treated by mild therapeutic cerebral hypothermia therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: This study investigated the effect of @entity4044 (GB) on brain volume in @entity2806 induced by stopping carotid artery blood flow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four adult male @entity35 were divided into 4 groups of 6 @entity35 each. No procedure was performed on the control group. @entity63 was applied to the @entity35 in the @entity63 and @entity63 + GB groups by clamping the arteria carotis communis for 30 min. The @entity35 in the @entity63 + GB group were given 100 mg/kg drops (Tebokan Fort Drop, Abdi Ibrahim Ila   Sanayi A. ., @entity233 ) containing dry GB leaf extract orally, every day for 14 days from the day of @entity63 . In the sham group, surgical stress alone was applied by performing a skin incision. On the 14th day, brain tissues were extracted and evaluated stereologically and histopathologically. RESULTS: The only statistically significant difference was observed between the sham and control groups. CONCLUSION: This result may be interpreted as surgical stress, established by cutaneous incision, having an adverse effect on brain volume. Additionally, the absence of any difference in terms of brain volume following 30 min of @entity63 between the @entity63 and control groups suggests that a probable postischemic rise in brain volume disappears within 14 days.

title: Effect of XXXX on brain volume after carotid artery occlusion in @entity35 : a stereological and histopathological study.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Ginkgo biloba']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent data revealed that @entity4806 appeared to be a rising problem in Cyprus. However, there is a scarcity of published data regarding fitness-related parameters, which could contribute for the presence of @entity28 in Cyprus' adolescence population. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between @entity4806 , body composition, and fitness levels. A total of 270 high school students volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Body mass and height were assessed in order to calculate body mass index, while body fat percentage was calculated by using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical fitness parameters were assessed through a battery of field tests. Body fat was inversely associated with @entity410 levels, sprint and jumping performance, as well as with the frequency of physical education class sessions per week (p<0.05). The adolescents with high body fat were found to exhibit significant reductions in all the fitness related parameters (p<0.05), except with the arm strength (p>0.05). This study is the first to uncover an inverse association between high body fat and fitness-related parameters among a sample of adolescents in Cyprus. These data can be used in order to develop effective interventions aiming to counterbalance @entity28 and improve the overall health and the quality of life of adolescents.

title: The relationship between physical fitness and XXXX among a sample of adolescents in Cyprus.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Lymphatic spread of @entity14 cells to regional lymph nodes is one of the early events in @entity5 , and is often associated with distant metastatic spread and a poor prognosis. This study examined lymphangiogenic factors, and in particular a panel of newly discovered lymphangiogenic markers, in @entity14 tissues from a cohort of @entity1 . Paired samples (background normal mucosa and @entity5 ) of colon tissue were obtained from @entity1 with @entity14 . The expression and levels of the @entity9961 and @entity9205 cytokines, the VEGF receptors @entity319 and @entity7802 , and newly described lymphatic endothelial markers, @entity14600 , @entity18262 , podoplanin and 5'-nucleotidase were assessed. RNA was extracted from the frozen colon tissues. The level of expression for each factor/marker was determined using RT-PCR and quantified using a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) technique, with respective cloned cDNA plasmids as internal standards. @entity9205 was expressed to a significantly higher degree in the @entity5 tissues. There was no significant difference between the expression levels for both @entity9961 and its receptor, @entity319 , in background and @entity5 tissues. However, levels of the @entity7802 receptor were found to be significantly higher in @entity694 than the normal background tissues. @entity14600 levels were below detection in most cases. There was a significant increase in the degree of @entity18262 and 5'-nucleotidase expression in @entity694 tissue. Podoplanin expression was also increased in the @entity5 samples. These markers indicate an increase in lymphangiogenesis in @entity694 , and may therefore have prognostic value for @entity694 @entity1 .

title: Quantitative analysis of lymphangiogenic markers in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'colon tumour', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report a prospective, open-label, randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of converting @entity1 with a stable renal function from @entity1140 ( @entity5467 )-based regimen to a @entity3446 ( @entity7217 )-based regimen after kidney transplantation. Fifty-eight low-risk renal allograft recipients who receiving @entity5467 6 months posttransplant, were randomly assigned to continue @entity5467 (n = 29) or convert to @entity7217 (n = 29). We evaluated the 3-year outcomes including @entity1 and graft survival, graft function, and safety profile. Three-year @entity1 and graft survival in @entity7217 and @entity5467 groups were 93.1% versus 100% (P = 0.32), and 89.7% versus 100% (P = 0.11), respectively. However, the @entity7217 group had a significantly better renal function, from the 2(nd) year posttransplant until the last follow-up. Four (13.8%) @entity1 in the @entity7217 group and 3 (10.3%) in the @entity5467 group (P = 0.5) developed biopsy-proven acute rejection. Mean urinary protein excretion increased significantly after @entity7217 conversion. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower at the end of the study in @entity1 who eliminated @entity5467 (80.4 vs. 75.6 mmHg in @entity5467 and @entity7217 group, respectively) (P = 0.03). Mean hemoglobin concentrations decreased after @entity7217 conversion and remained significantly lower from 12 months to 36 months (P = 0.01). The mean serum @entity165 (540    44 mg/dl) and @entity412 (177    27 mg/dl) increased significantly in the @entity7217 group, compared to @entity5467 group (487    62 mg/dl) (P = 0.03) and (141    26 mg/dl) (P = 0.04). Our experience demonstrates that conversion to @entity7217 from calcineurin inhibitors-based therapy may result in better renal function and blood pressure control in renal transplant recipients without an increased risk of acute rejection. However, these benefits have not resulted in a growing advantage in graft or @entity1 survival.

title: Efficacy and safety of early @entity1140 conversion to XXXX after kidney transplantation: Long-term results of a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to compare the expression of heparanase isoforms, in normal and in neoplastic endometrium. In a pioneering way, we sought to evaluate the expression of @entity10464 ( @entity10464 ) and heparanase 2 ( @entity55314 ) in glandular and in stromal tissues. METHODS: This is a case-control study, conducted retrospectively in a public hospital, using @entity982 blocks of endometrial tissue from @entity1 admitted from 2002 to 2011 with and without @entity1204 , with regard to the immunohistochemical expression of @entity10464 and @entity55314 . The @entity982 blocks were used for tissue microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry study in glandular and stromal tissues. RESULTS: In the study period, 195 @entity1 were enrolled, 75 with and 120 without @entity5 . There was no significant difference between them regarding @entity10464 expression, both in gland and in stromal tissues. @entity10464 expression in the glandular tissue was more frequent among those with high-grade @entity189 , compared with @entity1 with @entity189 . The difference in the expression of @entity55314 was significant between groups: it was less frequent in the controls than in the @entity1 with @entity5 in the glandular tissue. In the stromal tissue, @entity55314 expression was significantly higher in the controls than in the @entity1 with @entity5 and different when @entity1 of the secretory endometrium subgroup were compared with those with @entity1204 or with @entity74 . No significant difference was found in the heparanase expressions in @entity1 with @entity5 according to prognosis factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10464 is more intensely expressed in the glandular tissue of high-grade compared with @entity189 . Heparanase 2 is more intensely expressed in the glandular tissue of @entity5 than in nonneoplastic endometrium, whereas the @entity55314 expression in the stromal tissue is higher in the nonneoplastic controls compared with the group of @entity1 with @entity5 mainly in the secretory endometrium. This suggests that @entity55314 might be stimulated by @entity1420 , with a possible antineoplastic role, antagonist to @entity10464 , to be further investigated.

title: Immunohistochemical Expression of @entity10464 in Benign Tissue and in Invasive XXXX of the Endometrium: A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'hypotrophic, proliferative endometriums']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma type I', 'type I carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['architectural disorders']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Neoplasia']


abstract: AIM: To describe the symptoms, signs, findings and prognosis in @entity1 suffering simultaneously from @entity8954 and @entity4685 . METHODS: Retrospective review of eight @entity1 aged 2 to 13 years out of 210 @entity1 with @entity8954 reported from 70 hospitals. Diagnostic criteria for @entity8954 were: flaccid paresis with @entity427 , increased @entity2841 protein and slowing of nerve conduction velocity. Criteria for @entity4685 were: severe and persistent @entity1494 , a sharply defined sensory level and/or evolving @entity508 , with or without myelitic changes in spinal MRI. RESULTS: In the disease's earliest stage it was difficult to differentiate @entity8954 with @entity4685 from classical @entity5011 . However, onset was often unusually rapid compared to @entity5011 . Five @entity1 developed a sensory level and seven suffered from severe @entity1494 . Four of the six @entity1 studied showed focal myelitic changes in MRI. All seven @entity1 with sufficient follow-up remained with residual paresis and significant long-term motor deficits. CONCLUSION: Due to its severe long-term prognosis, @entity8954 with @entity4685 must be differentiated from classical @entity5011 . In the disease's early stage, the detection of a sensory level, severe @entity1494 and an unusually rapid onset can be helpful. The effect of high-dose corticosteroids is not yet clear. After the acute phase, most @entity1 require extended rehabilitation.

title: @entity8954 with @entity4685 : a rare differential diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuritis']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paresis']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['loss of tendon reflexes']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: As surgical morbidity and mortality for @entity157 resection decline, we would like to analyze the possible prognostic factors for @entity157 after curative resection. METHODOLOGY: A total of 170 @entity1 receiving primary hepatectomies for @entity157 (< or = 3 cm in diameter) at the National Taiwan University Hospital from December 1987 to February 1997 were enrolled as Group 1. The other 281 @entity1 receiving hepatectomies for @entity157 larger than 3 cm were enrolled as the control group (Group 2). The overall @entity1 and disease-free survival rates were calculated and the possible prognostic factors analyzed. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year @entity1 survival rates in Group 1 were 89.6, 73.1, 55.7 and 34.0%, respectively. A safety margin > or = 1 cm (p = 0.0283), @entity5 (p = 0.0324), and multiple hepatic resection (p = 0.0239) were factors favorable to @entity1 survival by multivariate risk factor analysis. The disease-free survivals for Group 1 were 75.6, 41.4, 25.9 and 19.2% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Significant factor for better disease-free survival included only euploid DNA content (p = 0.0026). The @entity1 survival and disease-free survival rates of Group 1 were significantly better than those of Group 2. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1 with @entity157 have better prognosis than those @entity1 with @entity5 . Early detection of @entity157 and its recurrence are crucial for both @entity1 and disease-free survival. The only prognostic factors that can be manipulated are the keeping of adequate safety margin and repeated resection for recurrent @entity157 .

title: Prognostic factors for XXXX < or = 3 cm in diameter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['small hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['single tumor', 'larger tumors']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']