abstract: One-hundred-and-ninety-three @entity1 with unstable @entity453 ( @entity453 ) (i.e. unstable @entity951 or a non-Q wave @entity583 ) were randomized in a double-blind fashion to @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) 75 mg daily (n = 100) or placebo (n = 93) within 72 h of admission to the Coronary Care Unit. Platelet function was evaluated as ex vivo aggregation toward collagen and @entity857 before and after 5 days, 1, 12, 18 and 24 months of treatment. @entity1281 decreased aggregation by collagen 1 mg l-1 from 81.3 +/- 1.7% before to 34.0 +/- 1.7% after 1 month (P less than 0.001), while no change was observed in the placebo group. Aggregation by @entity857 1 microM after 1 month was 42.1 +/- 1.1% and 51.0 +/- 2.0% in the @entity1281 and placebo groups respectively (P less than 0.001). The platelet inhibition by @entity1281 was maintained during 24 months. All @entity1281 @entity1 had @entity1423 during treatment. A cumulative dose of 300 mg (4 doses of 75 mg) was not enough for maximal inhibition at the second aggregation test. Thus, @entity1281 75 mg daily causes platelet inhibition in all @entity1 without attenuation during long-term treatment. If low dose @entity1281 is started in unstable @entity453 a loading dose exceeding 300 mg is suggested.

title: Persistent inhibition of platelet function during long-term treatment with 75 mg XXXX daily in @entity1 with unstable @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['reduced aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: These studies were undertaken to determine the effect, if any, of treatment for @entity5 diagnosed during childhood or adolescence on ovarian function and reproductive outcomes. We reviewed the frequency of @entity11638 , @entity7793 , live birth, stillbirth, spontaneous and therapeutic abortion and @entity600 in the @entity1 in the @entity5 Survivor Study (CCSS). @entity11638 ( @entity11638 ) occurred in 6.3% of eligible survivors. Exposure of the ovaries to high-dose radiation (especially over 10 Gy), alkylating agents and @entity4174 , at older ages, were significant risk factors for @entity11638 . Premature nonsurgical menopause (PM) occurred in 8% of @entity1 versus 0.8% of siblings (rate ratio = 13.21; 95% CI, 3.26 to 53.51; P < .001). Risk factors for PM included attained age, exposure to increasing doses of radiation to the ovaries, increasing alkylating agent score, and a diagnosis of @entity978 . One thousand two hundred twenty-seven male survivors reported they sired 2,323 pregnancies, and 1,915 female survivors reported 4,029 pregnancies. Offspring of @entity1 who received uterine radiation doses of more than 5 Gy were more likely to be small for gestational age (birthweight < 10 percentile for gestational age; 18.2% v 7.8%; odds ratio = 4.0; 95% CI, 1.6 to 9.8; P = .003). There were no differences in the proportion of offspring with simple @entity600 , cytogenetic syndromes, or @entity74 . These studies demonstrated that @entity1 treated with pelvic irradiation and/or increasing alkylating agent doses were at risk for @entity11638 , @entity7793 , and small-for-gestational-age offspring. There was no evidence for an increased risk of @entity600 . Survivors should be generally reassured although some @entity1 have to consider their potentially shortened fertile life span in making educational and career choices.

title: Ovarian failure and reproductive outcomes after @entity5 treatment: results from the XXXX Survivor Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity11638 :: ('MESH:C564499', 'Disease') :: ['Acute ovarian failure', 'AOF', 'acute ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['premature menopause']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformations', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['single-gene defects']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Childhood Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity792 represents a ( @entity195 ) breakdown of natural tolerance against autoreactive antigens leading to a high mortality and morbidity. The reaction is usually polyclonal; T- and B-cell components of the hematopoietic system are responsible for disease progression. Allogeneic/autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are the current modalities for treating @entity195 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We present a single-center retrospective evaluation of allogeneic HSCT with nonmyeloablative, low-intensity conditioning in nine @entity1 (five males, four females) with @entity7271 ( @entity7271 ) and 27 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ; 3 males, 24 females). The mean follow-up period was 4.24 years for @entity7271 and 4.9 years for @entity1252 . Cytokine-mobilized HSC from unmatched related donors, with mean dose of 21.3 x 10(8) nucleated cells/kg body weight (BW; mean @entity2280 (+) count, 6 x 10(6)/kg BW) was administered in to the thymus as well as the portal and peripheral circulations of recipients. @entity205 (4 +/- 1 mg/kg BW per day) and @entity617 (10 mg/kg BW per day) were administered for 6 months to protect mixed chimerism. A subset of @entity1 with cross-gender donors were analyzed for peripheral blood chimerism at 1 month post-HSCT and every 3 months thereafter. RESULTS: Sustained clinical remission with peripheral lymphohematopoietic chimerism of 0.7 +/- 0.3% was observed in @entity7271 , whereas @entity1252 relapsed after mean of 7.35 months of disease-free interval associated with fall in chimerism from 5 +/- 3% to < or =0.08 +/- 0.03%. CONCLUSION: HSCT was effective to achieve early clinical remission of @entity7271 ; and in @entity1252 relapsed after a 7.35-month disease-free interval accompanied by a fall in mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism.

title: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in XXXX : the Ahmedabad experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'drug-resistant AD']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: Many studies have established the role of radiofrequency (RF) ablation as a minimally invasive treatment for liver @entity3 . Although relatively safe, several complications have been reported with the increased use of RF ablation. We describe here a case of unexplained @entity409 after a RF procedure. A @entity1 who presented a solitary metachronous liver @entity3 underwent RF ablation treatment for this lesion. Six hours later the @entity1 displayed @entity1295 . Emergency blood tests showed a haemoglobin level of < 7 g/dL and markedly elevated transaminase levels. A computed tomography examination revealed two areas of @entity409 with haematoma, one of them following the path of the needle and the other leading away from the first. Following a blood transfusion, the @entity1 was haemodynamically stable and completely recovered 24 h later. The @entity1 remained in bed for 1 wk. No surgical intervention was required, and she was discharged 1 wk later.

title: Unexplained XXXX after @entity3 radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver laceration']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and pallor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver laceration']


abstract: Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is a serious @entity364 in the cultivated European grapevines ( @entity13788 .). The class 10 of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in grapevine leaves was reported to be accumulated at mRNA level in response to P. @entity281 . To elucidate the functional roles of PR10 genes during plant-pathogen interactions, a PR10 gene from a fungal-resistant accession of Chinese wild Vitis pseudoreticulata (designated VpPR10.2) was isolated and showed high homology to PR10.2 from susceptible @entity13788 (designated VvPR10.2). Comparative analysis displayed that there were significant differences in the patterns of gene expression between the PR10 genes from the two host species. VpPR10.2 was induced with high level in leaves infected by P. viticola, while VvPR10.2 showed a low response to this inoculation. Recombinant VpPR10.2 protein showed DNase activity against host genomic DNA and RNase activity against @entity375 total RNA in vitro. Meanwhile, recombinant VpPR10.2 protein inhibited the growth of @entity286 fungus Alternaria alternata and over-expression of VpPR10.2 in susceptible @entity13788 enhanced the host resistance to P. viticola. The results from subcellular localization analysis showed that VpPR10.2 proteins were distributed dynamically inside or outside of host cell. Moreover, they were found in haustorium of P. viticola and nucleus of host cell which was associated with a nucleus collapse at 10 days post-inoculation. Taken together, these results suggested that VpPR10.2 might play an important role in host plant @entity281 .

title: Subcellular localization and functional analyses of a PR10 protein gene from Vitis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13788 :: ('29760', 'Species') :: ['V. vinifera', 'Vitis vinifera L']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['defense against P. viticola infection', 'viticola infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal disease']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['pseudoreticulata in response to Plasmopara viticola infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2414 , and more particularly spatial orientation, occurs in pathologies such as @entity303 , @entity64 or @entity131 . Less frequently it also appears as a transient disorder in healthy @entity1 with no apparent @entity75 , in which case it is known as transient topographical @entity2730 (TTA). The aim of this work is to report on a series of eight cases of TTA that were evaluated in a neurology unit. CASE REPORTS: We study the cases of eight @entity1 diagnosed with TTA over the period 2002-2008. @entity1 were considered to fulfil eligibility criteria if they had presented at least one episode of @entity911 , with no @entity909 , and were able to describe the events that had taken place, without any previous @entity73 and with a normal neurological examination. The demographic characteristics taken into account in the study were: predominance of females (75%) and a mean age of 69.13 +/- 8.79 years. The mean number of episodes was 1.75 (range: 1-3), which lasted an average of 24.5 minutes. Three of the eight @entity1 had associated vascular risk factors. Neuroimaging studies did not reveal any relevant findings in any of the eight @entity1 , except one case of a bilateral frontal porencephalic area resulting from a traumatic @entity1545 suffered in the past. Simple single-photon emission tomography and Doppler ultrasound imaging scans of the brain, as well as an electroencephalogram, were performed on two @entity1 , the results being normal in all cases. Follow-ups were performed on all the @entity1 , without any kind clinical change being observed, except for one @entity1 who developed @entity303 at six years after the episode of @entity2730 . CONCLUSIONS: TTA is possibly an underdiagnosed condition which we believe should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 who are referred owing to suspected @entity73 .

title: [Transient topographical XXXX : a description of a series of eight cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of memory or consciousness']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['spatial disorientation']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired memory']

answer: @entity2730 :: (MESH:D000647,Disease) :: ['amnesia']


abstract: Long-term whisker removal alters the balance of excitation and inhibition in rodent barrel cortex, yet little is known about the contributions of individual cells and synapses in this process. We studied synaptic inhibition in four major types of neurons in live tangential slices that isolate layer 4 in the posteromedial barrel subfield. Voltage-clamp recordings of layer 4 neurons reveal that fast decay of synaptic inhibition requires alpha1-containing @entity1246 (A) receptors. After 7 weeks of deprivation, we found that @entity1246 (A)-receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in the inhibitory low-threshold-spiking (LTS) cell recorded in deprived barrels exhibited @entity1547 and larger amplitudes in whisker-deprived barrels than those in nondeprived barrels in age-matched controls. This was not observed in other cell types. Additionally, IPSCs recorded in LTS cells from deprived barrels show a marked increase in @entity2492 sensitivity. To determine if the faster IPSC decay in LTS cells from deprived barrels indicates an increase in alpha1 subunit functionality, we deprived alpha1( @entity29935 ) mutant @entity19 with @entity2492 -insensitive alpha1-containing @entity1246 (A) receptors. In these @entity19 and matched wild-type controls, IPSC decay kinetics in LTS cells were faster after whisker removal; however, the deprivation-induced sensitivity to @entity2492 was reduced in alpha1( @entity29935 ) @entity19 . These data illustrate a change of synaptic inhibition in LTS cells via an increase in alpha1-subunit-mediated function. Because alpha1 subunits are commonly associated with circuit-specific plasticity in sensory cortex, this switch in LTS cell synaptic inhibition may signal necessary circuit changes required for plastic adjustments in sensory-deprived cortex.

title: Long-term sensory deprivation selectively rearranges functional inhibitory circuits in XXXX barrel cortex.

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['faster decay kinetics']

entities_list: @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity262 that control morning and evening activities can be found in a wide range of animals. The two coupled oscillators track dawn and dusk and flexibly adapt their phase relationship to seasonal changes. This is also true for the @entity238 @entity238 that serves as model organism to understand the molecular and anatomical bases of the dual-oscillator system. In the present study, the authors investigated which temperature parameters are crucial for timing morning and evening activity peaks by applying natural-like temperature cycles with different daylengths. The authors found that the morning peak synchronizes to the temperature increase in the morning and the evening peak to the temperature decrease in the afternoon. The two peaks did not occur at fixed absolute temperatures, but responded flexibly to daylength and overall temperature level. Especially, the phase of the evening peak clearly depended on the absolute temperature level: it was delayed at high temperatures, whereas the phase of the M peak was less influenced. This suggests that the two oscillators have different temperature sensitivities. The bimodal activity rhythm was absent in the circadian clock mutants @entity19123 ( @entity19123 ) and cyc(01) and reduced in per(01) and tim(01) mutants. Whereas the activity of @entity19123 ( @entity19123 ) mutants just followed the temperature cycles, that of per(01) and tim(01) mutants did not, suggesting that these mutants are not completely clockless. This study revealed new characteristics of the dual-oscillator system in @entity238 that were not detected under different photoperiods.

title: The dual-oscillator system of XXXX under natural-like temperature cycles.

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Dual-oscillator systems']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'fruit fly', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3538 (ICA) are challenging lesions with high intraoperative @entity397 rates and significant morbidity. An optimal treatment strategy for these @entity439 has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To analyze treatment strategy, operative techniques, and outcomes in a consecutive 17-year series of ICA @entity439 treated microsurgically. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 underwent @entity439 treatment with direct clipping, bypass and trapping, or clip-reinforced wrapping. RESULTS: Twelve @entity439 (71%) were treated with direct surgical clipping. Three @entity1 required bypass: 1 superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass, 1 external carotid artery to middle cerebral artery bypass, and 1 ICA to middle cerebral artery bypass. One @entity1 was treated with clip-reinforced wrapping. Initial treatment strategy was enacted 71% of the time. Intraoperative @entity397 occurred in 7 @entity1 (41%), doubling the rate of a poor outcome (57% vs 30% for @entity1 with and without intraoperative @entity397 , respectively). Severe @entity2553 developed in 9 of 16 @entity1 (56%). Twelve @entity1 (65%) were improved or unchanged after treatment, and 10 @entity1 (59%) had good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale scores of 1 or 2). CONCLUSION: ICA @entity439 can be cautiously explored and treated with direct clipping as the first-line technique in the majority of cases. Complete trapping of the parent artery with temporary clips and placing permanent clip blades along normal arterial walls enables clipping that avoids intraoperative @entity1756 . Trapping/bypass is used as the second-line treatment, maintaining a low threshold for bypass with extensive or friable pathology of the carotid wall and in @entity1 with incomplete circles of Willis. ABBREVIATIONS: AChA, anterior choroidal arteryICA, internal carotid arteryMCA, middle cerebral arteryPCoA, posterior communicating arterySAH, @entity510 .

title: XXXX of the Internal Carotid Artery: Microsurgical Results and Management Strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['Blister aneurysms of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'blister aneurysm', 'blister aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Blister Aneurysms']


abstract: The authors' objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of radical surgery with lymph node dissection for @entity1086 . Long-term results were analyzed in 40 @entity1 in a 5-year study. The authors divided the 40 cases into two groups: 20 without positive nodes and 20 with positive nodes. In the group without positive nodes, one @entity1 who underwent R1 resection died of a recurrence at 1 year 7 months. Seventeen of the 19 @entity1 treated with R0 resection survived more than 5 years. The 5-year survival rate was 85% (17/20). In the group with positive nodes, 9 of the 13 @entity1 treated with R0 resection survived more than 5 years, whereas the seven @entity1 treated with R1 or R2 resection died within 5 years. The 5-year survival rate was 45% (9/20). @entity1 treated by R0 resection showed a 5-year survival rate of 69% (9/13). Thus we documented the favorable long-term results of radical surgery. R0 resection is a prerequisite for long-term survival. The results justify radical surgery with lymph node dissection.

title: Radical surgery for XXXX . Long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: Incisional @entity46 is a clinical entity described in the gynecologic literature but it is not well recognized among general surgeons. The preoperative diagnosis is often mistaken for a @entity738 , @entity733 , @entity362 , @entity45 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a retrospective review of six cases of incisional @entity46 in our hospital aimed at determining which, if any, factors would suggest the diagnosis preoperatively. All general surgery @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity46 in their pathology specimens from January 1990 to February 2006 were reviewed. RESULTS: All six @entity1 had previous cesarean sections through either a Pfannenstiel (n = 4) or lower midline (n = 2) incision. Ages ranged from 28 to 43 years (mean 34.3 years). All @entity1 presented with a palpable @entity158 located in the area of cesarean section incision. Three of the @entity1 had a change in symptoms with their menstrual cycle. The duration of symptoms ranged between 2 months to 6 years. All @entity1 underwent surgical excision. The size of the excised @entity46 ranged from 3 cm to 9 cm (mean 5.3 cm). CONCLUSION: Incisional @entity46 seems to be common in @entity1 with a history of cesarean section. Most @entity1 presented with a painful abdominal mass. Three @entity1 presented cyclic changes in @entity158 and size of the mass with menses, but this may be due to physician's lack of awareness and questioning. The management of choice is to remove the lesion completely even if fascial excision is required.

title: [Abdominal wall XXXX after gynecologic procedures: an under-appreciated diagnosis in general surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['suture granuloma']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioma', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cyst or incisional hernia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful lesion']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms responsible for the effects of @entity4044 extract (GbE) are not fully understood. @entity1605 ( @entity1605 ), a @entity219 transcription factor, has vasculoprotective effects if activated. The present study attempted to explore whether GbE may activate @entity1605 and its consequences. METHODS: To determine the effects of GbE on endothelial cells, @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with various concentrations of GbE. @entity1605 expression levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cytoskeleton staining and cell migration assays were performed to determine the effects of @entity1605 activation. Moreover, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression levels were detected by PCR and Western blot testing. @entity842 (NO) production was also measured with @entity34241 . A knockdown of @entity1605 was performed to identify the role of @entity1605 in GbE-induced eNOS expression and NO production. RESULTS: HUVECs that were incubated with GbE increased @entity1605 expression. These cells demonstrated an altered cell morphology, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and inhibited migration activity. Moreover, eNOS expression and NO production increased in a dose-dependent manner when cells were treated with GbE. Correspondingly, silencing of @entity1605 in HUVECs decreased eNOS expression and NO production in GbE-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS: GbE significantly activated @entity1605 expression and @entity1605 -related endothelial function, including cytoskeleton rearrangement, inhibition of migration, eNOS activation, and NO production. These findings suggest that GbE may induce a vasculoprotective effect in endothelial cells. KEY WORDS: Endothelial cells; eNOS; @entity4044 extract; @entity1605 ; NO.

title: Activation of Kr  ppel-Like Factor 2 with XXXX Extract Induces eNOS Expression and Increases NO Production in Cultured @entity1 Umbilical Endothelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Kr  ppel-like factor 2', 'KLF2']

entities_list: @entity34241 :: ('MESH:C111205', 'Chemical') :: ['4,5-diaminofluorescein']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Ginkgo Biloba']


abstract: It has been postulated that endogenously produced @entity935 (DA) may play a role in the regulation of renal @entity1372 excretion. In the present study, experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that acute volume expansion with isotonic @entity2827 stimulates the production of DA within the kidney, which in turn acts on specific @entity10001 receptors to promote @entity1372 excretion. In @entity4485 -anesthetized @entity35 , acute volume expansion over a period of 1 hour evoked a pronounced increase in urine output and urinary @entity1372 excretion. These diuretic and natriuretic effects were not accompanied by any significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. However, there was a significant elevation in central venous pressure and a transient rise in glomerular filtration rate. The natriuretic and diuretic response was accompanied by a significant increase in urinary DA excretion, and this effect was clearly dissociated from the rise in glomerular filtration rate. In a separate group of @entity35 , the effects of acute volume expansion were studied in the presence of selective @entity10001 receptor antagonist @entity10095 (50 micrograms/kg i.v. bolus; 10 micrograms/kg/min). During @entity10001 receptor blockade, there was a marked attenuation in the diuretic and natriuretic response throughout the period of volume expansion, when compared with that in the control group. The changes in central venous pressure and glomerular filtration rate were identical in the two groups. In another group of @entity35 , the renal effects of exogenously administered DA were studied. DA (0.5 micrograms/kg/min) produced significant increases in urine output and urinary @entity1372 excretion, without causing any alterations in blood pressure or glomerular filtration rate, suggesting a tubular site of action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Role of kidney XXXX in the natriuretic response to volume expansion in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: TLRs have been implicated in promoting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption associated with inflammatory conditions. TLRs also activate homeostatic mechanisms that suppress osteoclastogenesis and can limit the extent of pathologic @entity79 associated with @entity281 and @entity32 . We investigated mechanisms by which TLRs suppress osteoclastogenesis. In @entity1 cell culture models, TLR ligands suppressed osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting expression of receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK), thereby making precursor cells refractory to the effects of @entity5298 . Similar but less robust inhibition of RANK expression was observed in @entity19 cells. @entity558 suppressed generation of osteoclast precursors in @entity19 in vivo, and adsorption of @entity558 onto bone surfaces resulted in diminished bone resorption. Mechanisms that inhibited RANK expression were down-regulation of RANK transcription, and inhibition of @entity6824 signaling that is required for RANK expression. TLRs inhibited @entity6824 signaling by rapidly down-regulating cell surface expression of the @entity6824 receptor @entity6823 by a matrix metalloprotease- and MAPK-dependent mechanism. Additionally, TLRs cooperated with @entity379 to inhibit expression of RANK and of the @entity6823 gene that encodes @entity6823 , and to synergistically inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Our findings identify a new mechanism of homeostatic regulation of osteoclastogenesis that targets RANK expression and limits bone resorption during @entity281 and @entity32 .

title: Inhibition of RANK expression and osteoclastogenesis by TLRs and XXXX in @entity1 osteoclast precursors.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small fiber @entity16 arises from injury of small C and A   fibers and leads to @entity111 as well as positive ( @entity158 , burning, @entity1109 ) and negative neurological (numbness) symptoms. OBJECTIVES: To give an overview on @entity8249 as a cause for chronic @entity111 , the diagnostic approach to this condition, and therapeutic options. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search using the terms " @entity8249 ", " @entity111 ", "itch", and " @entity158 " was performed. RESULTS: Small fiber @entity16 is often associated with @entity262 . However, it may occur without an underlying cause ( @entity8249 ). To identify @entity8249 as the causal agent of @entity111 , a detailed clinical history is essential. By measuring the intraepidermal nerve fiber density from skin biopsies at the sural nerve supplied region (lateral lower leg), the @entity16 can be quantified. Often, dysfunction of a nerve fiber occurs after morphological changes ensue. Quantitative sensory testing allows the study of impaired function of these small fibers. Therapeutically, it is important to treat the underlying cause of the @entity16 . A symptomatic approach should be taken into account, when the cause cannot be treated. Topical @entity2951 , as well as anticonvulsants and/or antidepressants, have been used with good results. CONCLUSION: Due to chronification processes, @entity111 may persist even after treatment of the underlying cause. Therefore, early identification of @entity8249 and immediate treatment of the cause is crucial for the success of the treatment.

title: [Small fiber @entity16 as a possible cause for chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8249 :: ('MESH:D004916', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic small fiber neuropathy', 'small fiber neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['tingling or stinging sensation']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

answer: @entity111 :: (MESH:D011537,Disease) :: ['pruritus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-cystic @entity82 (non-CF) @entity4595 often starts in childhood with a significant impact on adult morbidity. Little is known about disease progression through childhood and the effect on growth and spirometry. This study reviews @entity358 and growth in @entity1 with non-CF @entity4595 . METHODS: The case notes of @entity1 with non-CF @entity4595 were reviewed retrospectively. @entity1 were included if at least three calendar years of lung function data were available. Anthropometric measurements and annual spirometry were analysed over both two and four consecutive years. Changes over time were assessed using Generalised Estimating Equations. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 (31 @entity1 ) were identified. At baseline the median age was 8.2 years (range 4.8-15.8), the mean (SD) for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) for age z-scores were -0.68 (1.31), -0.19 (1.34) and 0.19 (1.38), respectively. At baseline, the mean (SD) z-score for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) was -2.61 (1.82). Over 2 years (n = 59), mean FEV(1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) improved by 0.17 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.34, p = 0.039) and 0.21 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.39, p = 0.016) z-scores per annum, respectively. Over 4 years there was improvement in height-for-age z-scores (slope 0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.095, p = 0.01) but no improvement in other anthropometric variables. There was no change in spirometry (FEV(1) slope 0.00, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.09, p = 0.999 and FVC slope 0.09, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.1, p = 0.859). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with non-CF @entity4595 show adequate growth over time. Lung function stabilises but does not normalise with treatment, underscoring the need for early detection and institution of appropriate therapy.

title: Non-cystic XXXX @entity4595 in childhood: longitudinal growth and lung function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal lung function']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) has been known as a prognostic factor for @entity5 -related mortality. However, no study has elucidated its usefulness as a predictive factor in the era of targeted therapy, and so, we evaluated this in the present study. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 2012 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 treated with @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Among these @entity1 , 645 @entity1 who had @entity470 mutation and suitable pretreatment laboratory values were included. AGR was calculated 2 months before treatment and 4 months after treatment in each @entity1 . The optimal cutoff value of AGR, and progression free survival (PFS) were also determined. RESULTS: The optimal cutoff value of AGR was 1.17, which yielded a highest HR of 1.89 (P< 0.001) for poor PFS. The median PFS was 9.5 months (95% confidential interval [CI] 7.0-10.4) in @entity1 with pretreatment AGR < 1.17 and 13.5 months (95% CI 11.9-14.7) in those with pretreatment AGR >=  1.17. Pretreatment AGR showed an independent predictive value (adjusted HR 1.80, P < 0.001) when age, performance status, and pre-TKI systemic treatment was adjusted for. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that @entity1 with @entity1149 with @entity470 mutations who have AGR values lower than 1.17 at the beginning of @entity470 TKI treatment should be considered to have a high risk of early @entity470 TKI failure.

title: Pretreatment albumin-to-globulin ratio as a predictive marker for @entity4149 kinase inhibitor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Headaches related to the cervical spine have been reported by various authors, and modalities of treatment are as varied as their speculated causes. The purpose of this study was to determine if anterior cervical reconstructive surgery (cervical arthrodesis and disc arthroplasty) for the treatment of @entity614 or @entity602 also helps to alleviate associated @entity10 . METHODS: We conducted a post hoc analysis of study cohorts combined from prospective studies comparing the results of Prestige and Bryan cervical arthroplasty devices and those of anterior cervical arthrodesis with allograft and anterior instrumentation. A total of 1004 @entity1 (51.6% were male) were evaluated with use of the Neck Disability Index questionnaire preoperatively and at five points postoperatively, with the latest evaluation at twenty-four months, resulting in a follow-up of 803 @entity1 . RESULTS: At the twenty-four-month follow-up, the improvement from baseline with regard to @entity10 was significant in both groups (p < 0.0001), with @entity1 who underwent arthroplasty reporting numerically better @entity158 scores. Most arthroplasty and arthrodesis @entity1 (64% and 58.5%, respectively) had improvement in the @entity158 score of at least one grade. Conversely, the @entity158 scores for 8.4% of those who had an arthroplasty and 13.7% of those who had arthrodesis worsened by at least one grade. For the remainder, the score was unchanged. Overall, the @entity1 who had an arthroplasty had significant improvement more frequently than did the @entity1 who had arthrodesis (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: At two years postoperatively, @entity1 undergoing anterior cervical operations, both those who have an arthroplasty and those who have an arthrodesis, for @entity614 and @entity602 can be expected to have significant improvement from baseline with regard to @entity10 symptoms.

title: The effect of an anterior cervical operation for @entity614 or @entity602 on associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy', 'cervical radiculopathy']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headaches']


abstract: Prior studies have shown that the @entity1262 is a cell membrane efflux pump that is quantitatively increased in expression in multidrug-resistant @entity5 cell lines. In this study, fresh @entity5 tissues from @entity1 with @entity1582 , @entity706 , or metastatic @entity0 were studied immunohistochemically for @entity1262 expression and for in vitro sensitivity to @entity632 . Twenty-six @entity1 who were either previously untreated or in relapse after chemotherapy had @entity5 specimens submitted that could be evaluated in both assays. The testing was done independently and blindly in separate laboratories instead of our being provided relevant clinical data on the @entity1 . @entity5 cells from 12 of the 26 @entity1 (46%) stained positively for @entity1262 . Fifteen of the 26 specimens (58%) exhibited drug resistance in vitro. Although only three (21%) of the 14 @entity1262 -negative @entity5 exhibited in vitro resistance to @entity632 , all 12 fresh @entity5 that stained positively for @entity1262 were resistant to @entity632 . The difference in frequency of intrinsic @entity632 resistance between @entity1262 -negative and -positive @entity5 was highly significant (P less than .001). Similar trends were observed in each of the individual @entity5 categories and were statistically significant in @entity1582 and @entity0 . Four of the biopsy specimens that stained positively for @entity1262 and exhibited @entity632 resistance were from @entity1 who had not received prior cytotoxic chemotherapy. Similar conclusions were reached when results of drug sensitivity tests were ranked in relation to the median infective dose rather than by criteria based on correlations with clinical drug resistance. Our findings indicate that positive staining for @entity1262 associated with multidrug resistance predicts intrinsic cellular resistance of @entity1 @entity5 to @entity632 . We anticipate that immunohistochemical staining for @entity1262 will prove useful in clinical oncology.

title: Prediction of XXXX resistance in vitro in @entity1582 , @entity706 , and @entity0 by @entity1262 staining.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: The prognostic significance of serum level of @entity6461 and CA19-9 (i.e. sr- @entity6461 and sr-CA19-9) and @entity5 expression of @entity6461 and CA19-9 (i.e. im- @entity6461 and im-CA19-9) were investigated in @entity1 undergoing radiation therapy for cervical @entity5 . A total of 103 @entity1 comprising 95 @entity957 , 3 adenosquamous cell @entity189 and 5 @entity420 , were studied. The @entity5 expression of @entity6461 and CA19-9 were determined immunohistochemically. The positivity of the @entity1 with abnormal sr- @entity6461 levels for @entity957 , @entity1358 and @entity420 were 87.7%, 50.0% and 40.0%, respectively The 5-year-survival rates of sr- @entity6461 positive and negative @entity1 were 71.1% and 100%, respectively (P > 0.1). The survival rates of im- @entity6461 positive and negative @entity1 were 70.0% and 80.7%, respectively (P > 0.1). The positivity of @entity1 with im-CA19-9 in @entity957 , @entity1358 , im-CA19-9 @entity420 were 29.1%, 66.6%, and 100%, respectively. The 5-year-survival rates of sr-CA19-9 positive @entity1 was 62.5%, poorer than the 77.6% of negative ones (P < 0.1). The survival rate of im-CA19-9 expression positive @entity1 was 92.0%, significantly better than the 70.7% in negative @entity1 (P < 0.05). Although the sr- @entity6461 level just at the end of radiation therapy was not correlated with local control, re-elevation of the @entity6461 was highly associated with early relapse. These results suggested that follow-up of @entity1 by periodical serum examination for these @entity5 markers is highly useful for the early detection of @entity5 relapse.

title: Clinical evaluation of serum and immunohistochemical expression of XXXX and CA19-9 in radiation therapy for cervical @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity6461 :: (6317,Gene) :: ['SCC']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The classification of subjects as low or high cardiovascular (CV) risk is usually performed by risk engines, based upon multivariate prediction algorithms. However, their accuracy in predicting major adverse CV events (MACEs) is lower in high-risk populations as they take into account only conventional risk factors. AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of Progetto Cuore risk engine in predicting MACE in subjects with @entity323 ( @entity323 ) and to test the role of unconventional CV risk factors, specifically identified for @entity323 . METHODS: A consecutive series of 1,233 @entity1 (mean age 53.33    9.08 years) attending our outpatient clinic for @entity250 was longitudinally studied for a mean period of 4.4    2.6 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Several clinical, biochemical, and instrumental parameters were evaluated. Subjects were classified as high or low risk, according to previously reported @entity323 -specific risk factors. RESULTS: In the overall population, Progetto Cuore-predicted population survival was not significantly different from the observed one (P = 0.545). Accordingly, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis shows that Progetto Cuore has an accuracy of 0.697    0.037 (P < 0.001) in predicting MACE. Considering subjects at high risk according to @entity323 -specific risk factors, the observed incidence of MACE was significantly higher than the expected for both low educated and @entity1 reporting partner's @entity458 ( @entity458 , both <0.05), but not for other described factors. The area under ROC curves of Progetto Cuore for MACE in subjects with low education and reported partner's @entity458 were 0.659    0.053 (P = 0.008) and 0.550    0.076 (P = 0.570), respectively. CONCLUSION: Overall, Progetto Cuore is a proper instrument for evaluating CV risk in @entity323 subjects. However, in @entity323 , other factors such as low education and partner's @entity458 concur to risk profile. At variance with low education, Progetto Cuore is not accurate enough to predict MACE in subjects with partner's @entity458 , suggesting that the latter effect is not mediated by conventional risk factors included in the algorithm.

title: Two unconventional risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in subjects with @entity250 : low education and reported partner's XXXX in comparison with conventional risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactive sexual desire', 'HSD']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['hypoactive sexual desire']


abstract: @entity4258 ( @entity7264 , @entity4258 ), a new @entity1536 antibiotic agent, was evaluated clinically and bacteriologically for its efficacy and safety in pediatrics by a study group organized with pediatricians from all over the country. A summary of the results of the evaluation is as follows. 1. Incidence of @entity7264 -resistant strains (MIC over 12.5 micrograms/ml) isolated from @entity1 with various @entity281 was 1.6% (8/512). One resistant strain was observed among 45 isolates of @entity794 , and none among 30 isolates of @entity796 . 2. After single oral administration of 1.5-2.9, 3.0-4.8 and 5.1-6.1 mg/kg @entity7264 in tablet form at fasting, mean peak values of serum concentration of 0.37, 0.56, 0.92 micrograms/ml, T1/2 of 2.5, 2.6, 2.6 hours and urinary recovery rates in 8 hours at 25.3, 25.3, 27.1% were observed, respectively. 3. Clinical effects were studied chiefly in @entity293 . Among 317 @entity1 from whom pathogens had been isolated, responses to the treatment were excellent in 187, good in 79, fair in 9, poor in 7, and unknown in 35 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 94.3% (266/282) and the efficacy rate for excellent responses was 70.3% (187/266). Among all the 406 @entity1 treated, including those with undetermined pathogens, responses were excellent in 233, good in 106, fair in 11, poor in 11, and unknown in 45 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 93.9% (339/361). 4. Clinical effects of @entity7264 classified by diseases with identified pathogens were 81.8% (9/11) for acute @entity55 , 80.8% (21/26) for other @entity1729 , 95.8% (23/24) for @entity6835 , 98.6% (70/71) for @entity27134 , 100% (24/24) for @entity5746 , 100% (6/6) for other acute @entity1681 and 98.1% (104/106) for @entity293 . Including other @entity281 as high as 94.3% (266/282) of efficacy rate was obtained in total. There was no significant difference in @entity7264 efficacies between unidentified and identified pathogens. Thus, the total clinical efficacy rate was 93.9% (339/361). 5. The total eradication rate of 325 pathogens evaluable was 84.3%, with identical eradication rates for Gram-positive cocci (GPC) (43/51) and for Gram-negative rods (GNR) (231/274). 6. The optimal daily dose of @entity7264 seemed to be in a range between 6.0 and 12.0 mg/kg, and the optimal duration of treatment to be 7 days for @entity1 over 5 years old. 7. The clinical efficacy in treating @entity796 @entity281 in 12 @entity1 was 100% (11/11) and the eradication rate was 83.3% (10/12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Evaluation of XXXX in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group for @entity4258 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['bacillary dysentery']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity27134 :: ('MESH:D002169', 'Disease') :: ['Campylobacter enteritis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella enteritis']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal and urinary tract infections', 'urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity4258 :: (MESH:D009643,Chemical) :: ['norfloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest a potential predictive role of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation in responsiveness to cytotoxic chemotherapy. The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed- @entity3003 combination as first-line chemotherapy in advanced non-squamous @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) limited to @entity470 -wild-type cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this single-arm, multicenter clinical trial, @entity1 received pemetrexed (500 mg/m(2)) and @entity3003 (area under the curve=6) intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks for three to six cycles. The objective response rate (ORR) was the primary end-point; secondary end-points included the disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. RESULTS: A total of 54 @entity1 were enrolled and 53 @entity1 received therapy. No complete response was observed and partial response was observed in 19 (35.8%) cases, resulting in an ORR of 35.8% [95% confidence interval (CI)=23.1-50.2%]. Stable disease was observed in 20 (37.7%) @entity1 and therefore the DCR was 73.6% (95% CI=59.7-84.7%). The median PFS was 5.4 months (95% CI=4.1-6.8 months) and the median OS was 12.7 months (95% CI=9.3-16.1 months). Treatment-related grade 3 or 4 hematological @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity1431 , @entity417 and @entity882 in 35.8%, 11.3%, 30.2%, and 32.1% of @entity1 , respectively. No grade 3 @entity1398 was observed, and grade 3 or 4 non-hematological @entity137 were mild. There was no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The pemetrexed- @entity3003 combination was effective and well-tolerated in @entity1 with @entity470 -wild-type non-squamous @entity1149 (UMIN-CTR number: UMIN000003393).

title: Phase II Study of @entity3003 and Pemetrexed in Advanced XXXX -wild-type Non-squamous @entity1149 : The Central Japan Lung Study Group Trial 0906.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) is the leading cause of irreversible @entity1939 in elderly @entity1 worldwide. @entity35541 ( @entity35541 ) is a clinical subtype of @entity1020 , which typically displays an earlier age at onset, and has a strong genetic component. Genetic studies support a role for rare sequence variants in @entity35541 susceptibility, and rare sequence variants in the @entity4050 gene have been identified in 8.8% of @entity35541 cases. To further explore the role of rare variants in @entity35541 , we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 14 affected members of six families and 12 sporadic cases with @entity35541 . We detected rare sequence variants in @entity4050 and @entity32879 , which previously were shown to harbor rare variants in @entity1 with @entity35541 . In addition, we detected heterozygous rare sequence variants in several genes encoding components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including @entity20915 , @entity21378 / @entity21378 , @entity32879 , @entity35542 / @entity35542 , @entity25881 , and @entity35543 . Two rare pathogenic variants were identified in the @entity35543 gene: one in a sporadic case and another was found to segregate in a family with six affected individuals with @entity35541 . In addition, two rare pathogenic variants were identified in the @entity35544 gene in three unrelated @entity35541 cases. These findings suggest that alterations in the ECM and in the coagulation pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity35541 . The identified candidate genes require further analyses in larger cohorts to confirm their role in the @entity35541 subtype of @entity1020 . No evidence was found of rare sequence variants in a single gene that segregate with @entity35541 in the six families, suggesting that the disease is genetically heterogeneous.

title: Whole Exome Sequencing in @entity1 with the Cuticular Drusen Subtype of Age-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Age-related macular degeneration', 'AMD']

entities_list: @entity35541 :: ('MESH:C563034', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Cuticular drusen']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Macular Degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) is a common diagnosis and a leading cause of @entity65 and mortality. A growing literature has associated PE with systemic @entity32 , and global @entity3459 , which contribute to lung remodeling and clot recurrence. The source and mechanism of @entity32 remains unstudied. In @entity1 , inhibition of @entity165 synthesis with statins decreases biomarkers of @entity32 . We test the differential effect of @entity5885 during mild and severe @entity1151 on the lung transcriptome. METHODS: Experimental PE was induced in adult male @entity35 by injection of 25 micron @entity852 microspheres into the jugular vein. The effect of Mild PE, (2-h right ventricular systolic pressure [RVSP] normal, 18-h RVSP 44  mmHg) and Severe PE (2-h RVSP   >   50  mmHg; 18-h RVSP 44  mmHg) on lungs was assessed by measuring transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression by DNA microarrays. RESULTS: Severe PE was associated with a large change in lung gene expression and in the expression of KEGG pathways and other gene functional annotation groups. Mild PE was also associated with a large number of significant changes in gene expression and in the expression of KEGG pathways and gene functional annotation groups, even after only 2  h of PE. Up-regulated pathways included increased adipocytokine, chemokine and cytokine signaling as well as @entity165 synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Mild PE without @entity120 (PH) increased lung gene expression of inflammatory pathways, including increased @entity165 synthesis. These data indicate that even mild persistent @entity5885 is capable of inciting an inflammatory response from the lung. These data imply the detrimental effect of unresolved @entity3885 .

title: Differential effect of mild and severe XXXX on the @entity35 lung transcriptome.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary obstruction from PE']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PTE', 'Pulmonary thromboembolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-coagulability']

entities_list: @entity5885 :: ('MESH:D011668', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: This study was purposed to explore the effects of @entity7651 on proliferation and apoptosis of @entity632 -resistant @entity1 @entity2800 cell line HL-60/ADR. HL-60/ADR cells were in vitro cultured and its proliferation inhibition was detected by @entity98 assay. The cell apoptosis was tested by @entity4404 @entity2823 /PI double staining analysis, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL labeling method. The expressions of @entity517 and @entity588 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR, and the protein expressions of @entity517 , @entity588 , @entity522 precursor ( @entity522 ), @entity9190 and BAD were determined by Western blot. The results showed that @entity7651 could remarkably inhibited the HL-60/ADR cell proliferation, the cell doubling time was 48 hours, with an IC50 value of 28 micromol/L. Apoptosis occurred in dose dependent manner (20, 40, 80 micromol/L), and cell apoptosis in earlier and later stages could be detected by @entity4404 @entity2823 /PI double staining analysis, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL labeling method. The expressions of @entity517 and @entity588 mRNA in @entity7651 -treated cells decreased in a time-dependent manner (12, 24, 48 hours). Meanwhile, protein expressions of @entity517 , BBL-2, @entity522 and @entity9190 (116 kD) were down-regulated in a time-dependent manner, while the expression of @entity9190 (85 kD) and BAD were up-regulated. It is concluded that the @entity7651 efficiently induces proliferative inhibition and apoptosis in HL-60/ADR cells. All of above related genes and proteins may be involved in these processes.

title: [Effects of XXXX on proliferation and apoptosis of @entity632 -resistant @entity1 leukemia HL-60/ADR cells].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity7651 :: ('MESH:C038044', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalin']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity7651 :: (MESH:C038044,Chemical) :: ['baicalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed as a treatment option for @entity5477 . The authors have proposed in this work a liposomal delivery for @entity6693 (MB) for selective acne treatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of liposomes loaded @entity6693 (LMB) based photodynamic therapy in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity5477 in a randomized, controlled and investigator blinded study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Liposomes loaded @entity6693 (LMB) was prepared and studied for different pharmaceutical properties and formulated in hydrogel (MB 0.1%). Permeability and selective sebaceous gland targeting in @entity19 skin was studied. Gel containing LMB was used for treating 13 @entity1 complaining of mild-moderate @entity5477 once a week for two weeks. Efficacy evaluation included changes in lesions counts, clinical assessments of clinical improvement by @entity1 and evaluating dermatologists. @entity158 and local adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mechanism of the drug released from liposomes (both in pH = 5.5 and in pH = 7.2) was following zero order kinetics with significant increase in the drug released in pH = 5.5. Drug released from free @entity6693 (FMB) gel was significantly higher (P < 0.05) with Higuichi's diffusion model than LMB gel, which followed zero order kinetics. Free MB gel showed superficial destruction in the @entity19 hair shaft while LMB showed complete destruction of pilosebaceous unit. After only two sessions, there was a 83.3% reduction in the number of @entity198 and a 63.6% reduction in the number of @entity198 . At 12 weeks, 90% of @entity1 had a moderate-to-marked improvement of their acne in the treated areas. Most @entity1 had no @entity158 ; also no serious adverse side effects were recorded. All the @entity1 had no @entity4 . Slight transient @entity2117 was seen only in three @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Liposomal MB hydrogel selectively delivered MB to sebaceous gland and was effective in photodynamic treatment of mild-to-moderate @entity5477 .

title: Liposomal XXXX hydrogel for selective photodynamic therapy of @entity5477 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory acne lesions', 'inflammatory acne lesions']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

answer: @entity6693 :: (MESH:D008751,Chemical) :: ['methylene blue']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of freehand iliac screw insertion and to determine how this can be done safely. BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Seventy-seven adult @entity1635 @entity1 with an average age of 70.1 years who underwent @entity85 surgery with spinopelvic fixation using bilateral iliac screws were enrolled. Penetration of the iliac table was assessed using postoperative computed tomography (CT). Screw penetration of the iliac table or screw insertion from the sacroiliac joint was considered misplacement. Screw positioning was classified as the screw being in the proper position (group C), the screw penetrating the outer table (Group O), and the screw penetrating the inner table (group I). The iliac opening angle and the distance between the posterior superior iliac spines (PSISs) were measured using preoperative CT. The angle between the sacral slope and the iliac screw, termed as the sagittal screw angle, was measured using postoperative lateral lumbar radiography. RESULTS: Of the 154 iliac screws in 77 @entity1 , 14 screws in 12 @entity1 penetrated the outer table and 12 screws in 11 @entity1 penetrated the inner table. The total proportion of misplacement was 18.8%, although there were no major complications. With regard to iliac morphology, the iliac opening angle was 24.2    4.3   and distance between the PSISs was 90.6  7.7 mm. The distance between the PSISs correlated negatively with the iliac opening angle. The iliac opening angle was smaller in group O than in group C (p<0.05). The sagittal screw angle in group I was smaller than that in group C (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Screw penetration of the outer iliac table possibly occurred in @entity1 with a narrow iliac opening angle. Screw penetration of the inner table occurred when the screw was inserted more cranially than the sacral slope. Therefore, the iliac screw should be inserted approximately parallel to the sacral slope.

title: Accuracy of Iliac Screws Insertion in Adult XXXX Surgery: Relationship between Misplacement and the Iliac Morphologies.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Spinal Deformity']


abstract: AIMS: Although @entity943 surgery and radiofrequency catheter ablation to cure @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 differ in technical concept, the late results of both methods, in terms of elimination of the arrhythmogenic substrate and procedure-related new and different @entity943 , have never been compared. This constituted the purpose of this prospective follow-up study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 1988 and 1992, 26 @entity1 were surgically treated using perinodal dissection or 'skeletonization', and from 1991 up to 1995, 120 @entity1 underwent radiofrequency modification of the atrioventricular node for @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 . The acute success rates of surgery and radiofrequency catheter ablation were 96% and 92%, respectively. Late recurrence, rate in the surgical and radiofrequency catheter ablation groups was 12% and 17%, respectively. Mean follow-up was 53 months in the surgical group and 28 months in the radiofrequency catheter ablation group. The final success rate after repeat intervention was 100% in the surgical group and 98% in the radiofrequency catheter ablation group. Comparison of the initial and recent series of radiofrequency catheter ablated @entity1 showed an increased initial success rate with fewer applications. In the radiofrequency catheter ablation group, a second- or third-degree block developed in three @entity1 (2%), requiring permanent pacing, whereas in the surgical group no complete @entity713 was observed. Inappropriate sinus @entity591 needing drug treatment was observed in 13 @entity1 (11%), mostly after fast pathway ablation, but was never observed after surgery. New and different supraventricular @entity591 arose in 27% of the @entity1 in the surgical group and in 11% of the radiofrequency catheter ablation group, but did not clearly differ. CONCLUSION: This one-institutional follow-up study demonstrated comparable initial and late success rates as well as incidence of new and different @entity943 following @entity943 surgery and radiofrequency catheter ablation for @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 . Today radiofrequency catheter ablation has replaced @entity943 surgery for various reasons, but the late arrhythmic side-effects warrant refinement of technique.

title: Comparison of late results of surgical or radiofrequency catheter modification of the atrioventricular node for @entity2917 reentrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular nodal']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: The aim of this paper was to analyze delayed @entity203 in two @entity1 with @entity306 who had severe @entity8599 and to determine whether treatment could influence @entity203 and alignment. Extraction of primary @entity4500 was carried out and orthodontic treatment was considered due to severe @entity3356 of primary @entity4500 , lack of space, and development of a @entity3233 . Analysis was based on clinical examination, photographs, radiographs, and dental casts. In both @entity1 , early mixed dentition was delayed for more than 5 years. Calcification and root development of posterior permanent @entity4500 corresponded with the chronological age. Root resorption of the severely abraded primary @entity4500 and eruption of their successors were delayed or failed. Eruption of permanent @entity4500 occurred slowly after primary @entity4500 were extracted. Orthodontic treatment succeeded in one @entity1 , achieving a normal overjet in combination with a successful orofacial therapy. The disturbed exfoliation of abraded primary @entity4500 and @entity14478 of the posterior @entity4500 could be linked to the systemic pathology and to @entity8599 . At age 20, eruption of the @entity235 and premolars remained questionable.

title: @entity14478 in two @entity1 with @entity306 and XXXX -a 10-year follow-up: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14478 :: ('MESH:C565114', 'Disease') :: ['failure of tooth eruption']

entities_list: @entity3356 :: ('MESH:D057085', 'Disease') :: ['tooth wear']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['tooth eruption']

entities_list: @entity3233 :: ('MESH:D008313', 'Disease') :: ['class III malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity8599 :: (MESH:D002012,Disease) :: ['bruxism']


abstract: @entity2036 are new players in intercellular communication network. P2X family receptors are @entity855 -gated plasma membrane ion channels with diverse biological functions. Their distribution patterns and significance in @entity1778 have not been established. Here we investigated the expression of P2X receptors in BMMC samples from Chinese pediatric @entity3052 . Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that @entity23463 , @entity9895 , @entity27401 and @entity9896 receptors were simultaneously over expressed in @entity1778 compared with controls, whereas @entity27402 , @entity9894 and @entity27403 were absent or marginally expressed in both groups. It was worth noting that the co-expression feature of them, especially between @entity9895 and @entity9896 , could be observed and the highest expression of @entity9896 was detected in relapsed @entity1 . Moreover, concomitant decrease of @entity9895 , @entity27401 and @entity9896 expressions was observed at CR stage in a follow-up study. Functional @entity9896 was also verified. These results suggested that @entity23463 , @entity9895 , @entity27401 and @entity9896 were hematopoiesis-related P2X receptors, and their signaling, especially for @entity9896 , might play important roles in @entity1778 . P2X receptors might co-operatively contribute to the malignant phenotype in @entity1 @entity1778 .

title: Abnormal expression of P2X family receptors in Chinese pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric leukemias', 'leukemias']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present study was to identify cluster of differentiation 4(+) ( @entity404 (+)) @entity2902 (+)CD127(-) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and @entity5750 (HLA(-)DR(-))/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in @entity1 with @entity0 of varying stages, and investigate their roles and the potential interactions in the prognosis of @entity0 . A total of 40 @entity1 with @entity0 were included in the study. A total of 30 healthy individuals served as the healthy control. Flow cytometry was performed for the identification of biomarkers. Natural Tregs were characterized by the expression of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+)CD127(-). The MDSC frequency was expressed as the percentage of @entity9536 (+)HLA(-)DR(-)lineage markers (Lin)(-). The absolute number of Tregs was higher in @entity0 @entity1 compared to the healthy control. The absolute number of Tregs in the @entity1 with @entity0 was higher than those of the stage I or II, respectively. The percentage showed a gradual increase in the @entity1 with @entity0 compared with the normal control. No direct correlation was established between the number or percentage of Tregs and the @entity1 survival. There was a higher percentage of circulating MDSCs in @entity0 @entity1 compared with the normal individuals. A close correlation was established between clinical @entity5 stage and percentage and total number of circulating MDSCs. To be exact, a significant increase of MDSC percentage and total number was observed in @entity1 with @entity0 compared with the other @entity5 @entity1 (stage I-II) and the normal individuals. No statistical difference was observed in the 3- and 5-year survival rates in the @entity0 @entity1 with enhanced expression of Tregs, compared with the normal individuals. In conclusion, enhanced expression of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+)CD127(-) Tregs cells and @entity1116 (+)CD11(+)HLA(-)DR(-)LIN(-) MDSCs were identified from @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 with advanced stage @entity0 showed upregulation of such cells. However, these 2 types of cells showed no correlation with the prognosis of @entity0 .

title: Identification of @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+)CD127(-) regulatory T cells and XXXX (+)HLA(-)DR(-)/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their roles in the prognosis of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage III-IV breast cancer', 'stage III or IV breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5750 :: ('929', 'Gene') :: ['CD14(+) human leukocyte antigen-antigen D-related']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5750 :: (929,Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 is an important healthcare challenge, yet despite initiatives to improve detection and advances in therapy, the majority of @entity1 do not achieve recommended blood pressure targets and remain at high cardiovascular risk. Physicians are confronted with an array of antihypertensive agents, accompanied by increasingly complex and often conflicting evidence regarding their efficacy and tolerability. SCOPE: An extensive PubMed and Cochrane database search was conducted to identify clinical literature (published 1990-2009) on the blood pressure lowering efficacy, tolerability and target organ protection of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). While not a systematic review, this article reviews the best available evidence in an attempt to clarify current uncertainty within medical practice regarding treatment options in @entity1 with @entity101 . FINDINGS: ACEIs have been at the forefront of @entity101 therapy for several years, especially in @entity101 at-risk @entity1 . However, their use is restricted by burdensome side-effects and their limited ability to reach target blood pressure. Newer ARBs, such as @entity9887 , have more sustained blood pressure control throughout the 24-h dosing period compared with ACEIs and other ARBs. For uncomplicated @entity101 , ARBs are preferred to ACEIs because of their superior tolerability and adherence. In specific @entity1 populations, namely @entity712 @entity1 , ARBs have previously shown equal cardiovascular protection to ACEIs. ONTARGET showed that an @entity11882 , in this case @entity9887 , was as effective as @entity3372 in reducing cardiovascular events in a wide cross-section of at-risk cardiovascular @entity1 , but was better tolerated even though @entity1 were screened for ACEI tolerance. CONCLUSION: @entity9887 is currently the only @entity11882 to have demonstrated equivalence to @entity3372 in reducing cardiovascular events in a broad @entity1 population. In practical terms, @entity9887 is superior to the reference standard @entity3372 because of more powerful blood pressure lowering and superior tolerability. However, in many countries, guidance to physicians prioritizes ACEIs. In these countries, @entity9887 should be the first choice @entity11882 for @entity101 at-risk @entity1 who do not achieve adequate blood pressure control with an ACEI, or for whom tolerability is a concern.

title: Choosing among renin-angiotensin system blockers for the management of XXXX : from pharmacology to clinical efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['Telmisartan', 'telmisartan']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The clinical, hemodynamic, angiocardiographic and pathologic findings are presented in an infrequent but surgically correctable type of double outlet right ventricle. This study is based on six cases, one with autopsy confirmation. In all, the viscera and atria were in situs solitus (S). A ventricular d-loop was present (D). There was I-malposition of the great arteries, the aorta being to the left of, and anterior to, the pulmonary artery (L). Hence, this @entity154 may conveniently be represented as double outlet right ventricle (S,D,L,). The @entity1757 to the ventricular septum. A bilateral conus was present beneath both the aortic and pulmonary valves, preventing any semilunar-atrioventricular fibrous continuity. The subpulmonary conus was poorly expanded, resulting in @entity3888 . The clinical features were those of @entity848 , clubbing and accentuation of the second heart sound in the pulmonary area (related to @entity886 ). There was a systolic ejection murmur along the upper left sternal border, related to pulmonary outflow tract @entity850 . Selective right and left ventricular angiocardiography was diagnostic. Relatively early surgical correction is suggested to minimize the progression of @entity3888 and to avoid acquired @entity1146 . In this @entity600 , pulmonary outflow tract reconstruction is more difficult than in tetralogy of Fallot because of the rather posterior location of the pulmonary outflow tract, and because the right coronary artery crosses the stenotic pulmonary outflow tract in front of the pulmonary valve.

title: Double outlet right ventricle (S,D,L) with subaortic XXXX and pulmonary stenosis. Report of six cases.

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve closure']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infundibular stenosis', 'pulmonary infundibular and valvular (annular) stenosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether in @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity164 2 @entity6 (HbA1c>7.5%) improvement in HbA1c varies by ethnic and social group. DESIGN: Prospective 2-year cohort of @entity164 2 @entity6 treated in general practice. SETTING AND @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in 100 of the 101 general practices in two London boroughs. The sample consisted of an ethnically diverse group with uncontrolled @entity164 2 @entity6 aged 37-71 years in 2007 and with HbA1c recording in 2008-2009. OUTCOME MEASURE: Change from baseline @entity4051 c in 2007 and achievement of HbA1c control in 2008 and 2009 were estimated for each ethnic, social and treatment group using multilevel modelling. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 6104 @entity1 ; 18% were white, 63% south Asian, 16% black African/Caribbean and 3% other ethnic groups. HbA1c was lower after 1 and 2 years in all ethnic groups but south Asian @entity1 received significantly less benefit from each @entity6 treatment. After adjustment, south Asian @entity1 were found to have 0.14% less reduction in HbA1c compared to white @entity1 (95% CI 0.04% to 0.24%) and white @entity1 were 1.6 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.0) times more likely to achieve HbA1c controlled to 7.5% or less relative to south Asian @entity1 . @entity4051 c reduction and control in black African/Caribbean and white @entity1 did not differ significantly. There was no evidence that social deprivation influenced HbA1c reduction or control in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: In all treatment groups, south Asian @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity6 are less likely to achieve controlled HbA1c, with less reduction in mean HbA1c than white or black African/Caribbean @entity1 .

title: XXXX 2 @entity6 : a cohort study of treatment, ethnic and social group influences on glycated haemoglobin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: @entity4349 derivatives often induce @entity296 . @entity1 with seriously decreased cardiac function due to chemotherapeutic drugs cannot usually receive allogeneic hematopoietic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for @entity1503 . We successfully performed allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in a @entity1 with severe @entity296 . An 18-year-old @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 had @entity296 due to previous @entity4349 administration. She underwent allogeneic BMT from her HLA-identical brother. Her preconditioning regimen was @entity2592 , @entity2879 , total body irradiation, and high-dose @entity786 . @entity712 ( @entity712 ) was not present before BMT. Right heart pressures were monitored by a pulmonary arterial balloon catheter system (Swan-Ganz catheter). After BMT, she had severe @entity712 , which was controlled using pimobendan and @entity11073 . @entity1 with @entity296 can receive allogeneic @entity8 under strict hemodynamic management.

title: Successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for @entity3052 after drug-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity1030 of @entity3465 (CLD) is commonly considered to be a consequence of assisted ventilation. However, prior to the description in 1967 of @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ), following ventilator therapy for @entity649 , @entity2360 ( @entity2360 ) had been described in very preterm @entity1 on minimal @entity26 supplementation. In the 1970s and 1980s, many @entity1 treated with assisted ventilation required prolonged mechanical ventilation after developing radiographic features of coarse infiltrates, severe hyperinflation, and microcystic changes, associated with hypercarbemia and the need for increased inspired @entity26 concentrations. Some @entity1 died and showed evidence of @entity3794 , obstructive @entity5924 , and @entity6349 change. The role of supplemental @entity26 , positive pressure ventilation, and the immaturity of the lung have long been considered important in the etiology of CLD/ @entity2107 . More recently, the @entity32 (particularly antenatal exposure to cytokines) and individual susceptibility (genetic predisposition) have assumed greater etiologic importance. The historical setting into which corticosteroid treatment for @entity2107 was introduced is also discussed. After the licensing of exogenous surfactant to treat @entity4290 in the early 1990s and more widespread use of prenatal corticosteroids in the mid-1990s, severe @entity2107 became an unusual event. Gradually, the diagnosis of CLD, still often referred to as @entity2107 , was based on an @entity26 requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. However, it is not clear that this 'new @entity2107 ' is substantially different from @entity2360 . It is difficult to make prognostications about long-term lung function of these @entity1 based on @entity26 'requirement' at 36 weeks, since supplemental @entity26 is frequently used unnecessarily.

title: XXXX of @entity3465 : a short history.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['role of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['WMS', 'Wilson-Mikity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Chronic lung disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) are light sources recently used for phototherapy in @entity4837 . We compared the efficacy and safety of @entity3917 with fluorescent phototherapy in the treatment of indirect @entity3638 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This controlled trial was conducted on preterm @entity1 hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan (Iran) who needed conventional phototherapy for uncomplicated indirect @entity3638 . Neonates received phototherapy through devices with @entity3917 or special blue fluorescent tubes. Primary outcomes included the rate of fall of total serum @entity648 (TSB, mg/dL/hour) and duration of phototherapy (hours). Secondary outcomes were treatment failure and side effects. RESULTS: A total of 64 @entity1 with gestational age of 33.5    1.2 weeks, chronological age of 73.0 [SE = 7.3] hours, and weight of 1757.5    147.6 gram were enrolled. The rates of fall of TSB were 0.20 [SE = 0.03] and 0.12 [SE = 0.01] mg/dL/hour in the LED and fluorescent groups, respectively (P = 0.472). Treatment duration was 37.5    26.8 and 45.3    32.1 hours in the LED and fluorescent groups, respectively (P = 0.292). There was no treatment failure in the two groups. Mild @entity221 was occurred in 3.1% and 28.1% of @entity1 in the LED and fluorescent groups, respectively (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: LED light source is as effective as fluorescent tubes for phototherapy of preterm @entity1 with indirect @entity3638 . Considering less frequent side effects, less energy consumption, longer life span, and lower costs, LED phototherapy seems to be a better option than current conventional phototherapy.

title: Is the light-emitting diode a better light source than fluorescent tube for phototherapy of XXXX in preterm @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal jaundice']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['Light-emitting diodes', 'LEDs']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['neonatal jaundice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an adopted @entity625 Self-Management Programme (ASMP) with an added exercise component among osteoarthritic knee sufferers in Hong Kong. METHODS: An experimental study with 88 @entity1 assigned to an intervention group and 94 @entity1 to a control group. One hundred and forty-nine @entity1 (81.9%) completed the 1 week and 120 @entity1 (65.6%) the 16 week post-intervention assessments. @entity1 in the intervention group received a 6-week ASMP with an added exercise component. Outcome measures included arthritic @entity158 , practice of light exercise routines, functional status, and number of unplanned @entity625 -related medical consultations. To assess the programme's effect on outcome measures, the between-groups and within-group mean changes were compared using Mann-Whitney U-test and Friedman test. RESULTS: At 16 weeks, there were significant mean changes between groups in four outcome measures: reduction in @entity158 (p=0.0001) and @entity1295 (p=0.008), and increased duration of weekly light exercise practice (p=0.0001) and knee flexion (p=0.004). The ability to perform daily activities and the number of unplanned @entity625 -related medical consultations show statistically significant improvements between three time-points within the intervention group only (p=0.0001 and p=0.005, respectively), but not between-groups (p=0.14 and p=0.86, respectively). Both groups apparently had no changes in muscle strength. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the intervention had a positive effect in reducing @entity158 , @entity1295 , knee range of motion, the practice of exercise routines, the number of medical consultations and in improving functional status and over a 16-week period. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The self-management programme we applied took into account the local context and the ethnicity of the group. This process is worth further exploration and testing in different groups.

title: Impact of an @entity625 Self-Management Programme with an added exercise component for osteoarthritic knee sufferers on improving XXXX , functional outcomes, and use of health care services: An experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and fatigue rating', 'pain', 'arthritis pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the management of cavoatrial extension of @entity3969 in a developing country. @entity1 AND METHODS: Of 406 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3969 , 40 (10%) presented with @entity5 extension into the inferior vena cava (IVC) (30), right atrium or right ventricle and form the inception cohort. Of this group, 17 (43%) had visceral metastases and two had bilateral @entity5 . RESULTS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy appropriate to the pre-operative stage caused @entity5 in 18 (45%) @entity1 , allowing 3 @entity1 who had @entity5 at presentation to be surgically managed without recourse to cardiopulmonary bypass. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy also provided a window of opportunity to assess and manage co-morbidity especially @entity3147 . Of the inception cohort, 31 (78%) underwent surgical resection; 23 had simple cavotomy, one caval resection and seven resection under cardiopulmonary bypass. There was one post-operative death. 77% of resected specimen contained viable malignant cells despite one or more cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Retrograde extension into caval tributaries threatened the completeness of resection in all @entity1 necessitating the addition of post-operative radiotherapy. Of nine @entity1 who did not undergo resection, five died pre-operatively. Three of these @entity1 died of chemotherapy induced @entity295 . Four @entity1 refused surgical treatment. Twenty-three @entity1 completed the post-operative treatment protocol (1,203 characters).

title: The management of XXXX with cavo-atrial disease at presentation: experience from a developing country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['neutropaenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in intravascular tumour', 'atrial tumour', 'synchronous tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumour', 'nephroblastoma']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['nephroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper was to analyse the outcome of the @entity1 with @entity2500 treated by @entity1538 . METHODS: A clinical chart review was retrospectively conducted for 30 @entity1 who had @entity2500 and were treated with @entity1538 . According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale, the @entity1 ' outcome at discharge is divided in two groups: favorable outcome (good recovery and moderate disability) or unfavorable outcome (severe disability, vegetative state and @entity204 ). The following variables between the favorable and unfavorable outcomes were analysed: age, sex, Glasgow @entity772 Scale score on admission, affected side, occlusion site, occlusion time, @entity955 on electrocardiogram, fibrinolysis, @entity2026 , @entity1269 and @entity385 after surgery. RESULTS: The outcomes of 30 @entity1 were favorable in 16 @entity1 (good recovery in nine and moderate disability in seven) and unfavorable in 14 @entity1 (severe disability in 12, vegetative state in one and @entity204 in one). The M1 occlusion and fibrinolysis performance were more frequent in the unfavorable outcome group than in the favorable one. Logistic regression analysis with a stepwise method indicated that the only occlusion site was independently associated with the unfavorable outcome. The occlusion time >360 minutes was not the predictor of the unfavorable outcome. DISCUSSION: The outcome of @entity1 with @entity2500 treated by the @entity1538 depends on the occlusion site and the fibrinolysis performance in the present study. The M1 occlusion is also the independent risk factor of the unfavorable outcome. However, the occlusion time itself has no relation to the unfavorable outcome. These results indicate that therapeutic time windows vary in individuals probably due to the collateral blood flow.

title: Outcome predictors of XXXX in @entity2500 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open embolectomy']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion', 'acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open embolectomy']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) in combination with @entity224 produces peroxynitrites and induces protein nitration, which participates in a number of chronic @entity179 . NO is produced at high levels in the @entity1 emphysematous lung, but its role in this disease is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether the NO synthases contribute to the development of elastase-induced @entity2415 in @entity19 . nNOS, @entity13633 , and eNOS were quantified and immunolocalized in the lung after a tracheal instillation of elastase in @entity19 . To determine whether eNOS or @entity13633 had a role in the development of @entity2415 , @entity19 bearing a germline deletion of the eNOS and @entity13633 genes and @entity19 treated with a pharmacological @entity13633 inhibitor were exposed to elastase. Protein nitration was determined by immunofluorescence, protein oxidation was determined by ELISA. @entity32 and MMP activity were quantified by cell counts, RT-PCR and zymography in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cell proliferation was determined by @entity14160 immunostaining. @entity2415 was quantified morphometrically. @entity13633 and eNOS were diffusely upregulated in the lung of elastase-treated @entity19 and a 12-fold increase in the number of @entity6837 -expressing cells was observed. Over 80% of these cells were alveolar type 2 cells. In elastase-instilled @entity19 , @entity13633 inactivation reduced protein nitration and increased protein oxidation but had no effect on @entity32 , MMP activity, cell proliferation or the subsequent development of @entity2415 . eNOS inactivation had no effect. In conclusion, in the elastase-injured lung, @entity13633 mediates protein nitration in alveolar type 2 cells and alleviates oxidative injury. Neither eNOS nor @entity13633 are required for the development of elastase-induced @entity2415 .

title: Role of XXXX synthases in elastase-induced @entity2415 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6837 :: ('CHEBI:44454', 'Chemical') :: ['3-nitrotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['Emphysema', 'emphysema']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']