abstract: BACKGROUND: Familial @entity459 is associated with @entity5 -susceptibility syndromes, which are unrelated to mutations in the @entity460 receptor gene. This study describes parathyroidectomy in a kindred with @entity2741 due to a heterozygous point mutation in the @entity460 receptor gene. METHODS: Seventeen family members were studied, and postoperative follow-up averaged 5.1 years. RESULTS: Radical parathyroid resection with total parathyroid remnants of 10 to 20 mg or total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation normalized the serum @entity460 and parathyroid hormone values in 12 family members. Persistent @entity2741 was noted in 3 of 5 @entity1 subjected to less radical procedures. @entity4383 and microscopic findings, interpreted incorrectly as a single @entity652 , were found. Weight of the parathyroid tissue increased with the age of the @entity1 (P <.05), and almost one third of them (29%) had 1 to 3 atypically located glands. There were no @entity1 with recurrent @entity2741 during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The heterozygous inactivating mutation of the @entity460 receptor gene of this family is accompanied by mild increases in parathyroid gland x weight and diffuse @entity3243 with possibly secondary genetic events causing nodule formation. Radical parathyroid resection is advocated in this @entity74 , which may represent an intermediary stage between @entity459 and familial hypocalciuric @entity2741 .

title: Parathyroidectomy in @entity2741 with clinical characteristics of XXXX and familial hypocalciuric @entity2741 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse to nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired heart rate recovery (HRR) is a strong predictor of overall mortality and cardio-metabolic risk. This study aimed at investigating (1) the effect of participation in a lifestyle-change programme for @entity353 on HRR in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 and (2) potential associations between the changes in one minute HRR ( @entity4961 ) and @entity410 , @entity353 and cardio-metabolic risk. METHODS: The analysis included 429 individuals (169 @entity1 ) aged 13.9        2.3 years who participated in an inpatient @entity353 programme for four to six weeks. At baseline and the end of the programme clinical investigations were performed, including blood analyses, blood pressure, anthropometry and maximal cycle ergometer exercise testing with continuous heart rate (HR) monitoring. HRR was calculated as the difference between the highest exercising HR and HR at one, three and five minutes post-exercise. RESULTS: Average body weight decreased from 90.7        22.5   kg to 81.9        20.0   kg and peak exercise capacity increased from 1.66        0.38   W/kg to 2.05        0.45   W/kg (p   <   0.001). Cardio-metabolic risk factors improved (waist circumference, LDL- @entity165 , HOMA insulin ratio, blood pressure; p   <   0.05). HDL- @entity165 and @entity412 levels remained unchanged. Compared with baseline, at follow-up the decline in HR was more pronounced (+32%, +18% and +11% for @entity4961 , HRR3 and HRR5; p   <   0.001). Improvements in @entity4961 were weakly correlated with changes in exercise capacity (p   <   0.05; r   <   0.13), but not with changes in body weight and cardio-metabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: HRR considerably improved after an inpatient @entity353 programme in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . This was not associated with improvements in body weight and cardio-metabolic risk; hence HRR would be a valuable addition to cardiovascular risk assessment in this group.

title: An inpatient lifestyle-change programme improves heart rate recovery in overweight and XXXX @entity1 and adolescents (LOGIC Trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: This study examined patterns and associates of @entity1277 ( @entity7298 ) in a community-based registry of @entity1 with @entity303 . From @entity1 enrolled in the Mayo Clinic @entity195 @entity1 Registry (n = 439), 39 were identified with @entity1277 reported on the Behavior Symptom Checklist at some time during their illness. They were matched for age, gender, duration of disease, and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) score to "normal eaters." Annualized weight change was determined based on weight from the 6 months before the evaluation to weight 6 months after the evaluation. Annualized weight change scores were not significantly different between @entity3887 eaters and normal eaters nor between wanderers and nonwanderers. In cross-sectional analysis, univariate modeling suggested age at onset, GDS, and Mini-Mental State Examination score to be significant predictors of @entity1277 . Using multivariate logistic model with backward elimination, only age of onset and GDS were retained as associates of excess eating. Rater type also emerged as a significant predictor for @entity1277 with family raters reporting this behavior in 16% of @entity1 compared to 5% for other raters. In chi-square analyses @entity1277 was associated with greater frequency of wandering, unpredictable behavior, inappropriate dressing, inappropriate bodily concerns, and threatening self-harm. Associates of excess eating were subsequently examined separately in wandering and nonwandering @entity3887 eaters. Logistic modeling suggested that among nonwanderers, @entity1 who were younger but more severely demented were likely to have reported @entity1277 . These results suggest @entity7298 to be present in approximately 10% of a community-based cohort of @entity1 with @entity303 and associated with increasing functional decline. @entity1277 does not appear to arise from @entity2414 , but for wanderers may result from needing increased caloric intake because of increased activity levels. Thus, for wandering @entity3887 eaters, it may be appropriate to endure the eating to ensure appropriate caloric intake. Nonwandering @entity3887 eaters were younger, had greater @entity303 severity, and had more unpredictable behavior. They may have @entity303 with @entity75 and may respond to any food stimulus respective of hunger. Restricting food exposure may be an effective management intervention for them.

title: Patterns and associates of @entity7298 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3887 :: ('MESH:C531600', 'Disease') :: ['excessive']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['prominent frontal lobe involvement']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['excessive eating', 'Excessive eating']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory dysfunction']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Due to the lack of molecular targets, triple-negative @entity0 (TNBCs) typically represent a worse prognosis compared to their hormone-positive counterparts. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been used for @entity0 for a long time, there is no standard chemotherapy regimen for TNBCs. @entity900 has generally been regarded as an effective chemotherapy agent against TNBCs. However, here we present a pilot study involving the use of @entity900 in combination with oral @entity416 in the neoadjuvant setting in 16 @entity1 with TNBC. Twelve @entity1 were African American and 4 @entity1 were white. Six @entity1 completed all 4 cycles of chemotherapy, 6 @entity1 completed 3 cycles, and 4 @entity1 completed 2 cycles. A complete clinical response was observed in 2 @entity1 , and 10 @entity1 achieved partial clinical response. One @entity1 had progressive disease, and 3 @entity1 were lost to follow-up or taken off study. Following chemotherapy, 12 @entity1 underwent surgery (7 @entity1 had breast conservation, and 5 @entity1 had a mastectomy). Ten of the 12 @entity1 who had surgery achieved a partial pathologic response and the other 2 @entity1 had complete pathologic response. Grade 3 @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity294 occurred in 7 @entity1 ; 1 @entity1 experienced @entity2700 and @entity177 ; and 5 @entity1 had grade 1/2 @entity8566 . There were no grade 4 or 5 @entity137 . The response to @entity900 - @entity416 combination chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting was suboptimal compared to that with single-agent @entity900 in prior studies. The @entity137 profile with this combination was also worse than that of @entity900 alone. Based on our findings, we do not recommend this combination regimen in the neoadjuvant setting for TNBCs. However, future studies analyzing the use of @entity900 with other combinations are warranted.

title: Efficacy of neoadjuvant @entity900 and oral @entity416 in triple-negative XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to explore the activity and feasibility of @entity136 plus @entity900 as induction chemotherapy in @entity1 with Stage IIIA N(2) and selected IIIB @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: From September 1997 to July 2000, 70 chemonaive @entity1 with @entity5 , median age of 64 years, World Health Organization performance status 0, 1, or 2, and the ability to tolerate a pneumonectomy entered the study and received @entity136 1250 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 and @entity900 70 mg/m(2) on day 2 every 3 weeks. After three cycles of induction chemotherapy, @entity1 underwent resection or radiotherapy. RESULTS: Responses were seen in 40 of the 69 assessable @entity1 , for an intent-to treat overall response rate of 57.1% (95% confidence interval, 45-62%), with 4.2% complete response. Response rates were 68 and 35% in @entity1 with Stage IIIA and IIIB disease, respectively. The overall pathological CR rate after induction chemotherapy was 3%, with an overall pathological downstaging rate of 20%. Median survival for all @entity1 was 14.5 months, with an estimated 1-year survival rate of 67% (95% CI, 54.3-79.5%). The estimated time to treatment failure was 12.6 months. Grade 3/4 @entity882 was the main @entity1503 , occurring in 26% of @entity1 , but was not associated with life-threatening @entity548 . @entity1398 was rare and other severe @entity1503 were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: The 3-week schedule of @entity136 plus @entity900 is highly active as induction chemotherapy in Stage IIIA N(2) unresectable @entity1149 . This suggests a need for a multimodality approach upfront, such as concurrent chemoradiation therapy, particularly in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: A 3-week schedule of @entity136 plus @entity900 as induction chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III NSCLC', 'Stage IIIB disease']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematologic toxicities', 'hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity3409 exposure may be associated with high risk of @entity101 . But inconsistent results have been reported. In this study, the association of blood pressure (BP) with blood @entity3409 (BCd) and the possible influencing factors were investigated. A total of 181 @entity1 (71 @entity1 and 110 @entity1 ) living near a @entity3409 smelter participated in this study. The @entity1 completed a questionnaire and BP, BCd and related biochemical indicators were measured. The geometric mean of BCd was 3.84 g/L and 3.32 g/L for @entity1 and @entity1 . The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure both increased with the increasing of BCd. The BP in @entity1 was positively correlated with BCd (p<0.05). The BCd level of @entity1 with @entity101 was obvious higher (+28%) than those with normal BP. The prevalence of @entity101 was increased with the increasing of BCd, in particular to @entity1 (  (2)=3.896, p=0.048). @entity3409 level in blood was associated with elevation in blood pressure, especially for @entity1 .

title: The association between blood pressure and blood @entity3409 in a Chinese population living in XXXX polluted area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3409 :: ('MESH:D002104', 'Chemical') :: ['Cadmium', 'cadmium']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between subjective symptom severity and clinical or urodynamic parameters and to compare these parameters according to subjective symptom severity. METHODS: A total of 268 female @entity1 with grade II (n = 94) and grade III (n = 174) according to the Ingelman-Sundberg scale were included in the study. Mean @entity1 age was 55.9 years (range 28-80). Of 268 @entity1 , 196 @entity1 (73.1%) complained of stress @entity322 (SUI) and 72 (26.9%) reported additional symptoms of urge @entity322 (UUI). Fifty-four (20.1%) @entity1 previously had hysterectomies and 12 (4.5%) underwent surgery for UI. RESULTS: @entity1 with severe @entity322 (grade III) are older, have longer duration of symptoms, concomitant urgency or UUI, and low maximal urethral closure pressure and low Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP). No difference in other characteristics including pad test loss and urethral mobility was observed in the two groups. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a longer duration of symptoms was associated with an increased likelihood of severe symptoms (P = 0.025). @entity1 with mixed @entity322 were at five-fold increased risk of severe symptoms compared with those with SUI only (P = 0.011). In the same model, increasing VLPP was associated with a decreased likelihood of severe symptoms (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Longer symptom duration, mixed @entity322 and low VLPP have independent effects on the severity of @entity322 . Our findings suggest that incontinent @entity1 with @entity73 or urge component may have and increased probability of severe symptoms.

title: Clinical and urodynamic features according to subjective symptom severity in female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['sphincteric impairment']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ) is synthesized in various tissues, including the anterior pituitary gland, where it may stimulate the release of PRL. Because @entity172 plays a central role in the regulation of PRL, it becomes important to determine the effects of this @entity134 on both pituitary @entity12180 and PRL. To study this, pituitary @entity12180 and PRL and plasma PRL were assayed in ovariectomized @entity35 after treatment with @entity4520 (EB; 0.007, 0.07, 0.7, 7 or 70 microgram/ @entity35 ). Pituitary and plasma TSH were also determined as well as @entity12180 content in the medial basal hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic region, cerebral cortex, and jejunum. Oil-treated @entity35 served as controls. Injection of 0.7 or 7 microgram EB resulted in a significant increase in pituitary PRL without changing plasma PRL levels or pituitary @entity12180 content compared to values in the control group. Only treatment with 70 microgram EB produced a significant increase in both pituitary @entity12180 and PRL as well as in plasma PRL compared to control values. EB treatment at any of the doses used had no significant effect on pituitary and plasma TSH or @entity12180 content in any of the other tissues examined. These data show that pituitary PRL and @entity12180 are differentially regulated in response to @entity172 . The increases in pituitary @entity12180 and basal plasma PRL after treatment with the highest dose of EB suggest that pituitary @entity12180 may be involved in the development of @entity172 -induced @entity4089 . These data also show that the regulations of pituitary @entity12180 and TSH are independent of each other in the @entity172 -treated @entity35 .

title: Preferential increase in pituitary prolactin versus vasoactive intestinal peptide as a function of @entity4520 dose in the ovariectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Tendon adhesion is acknowledged to be a function of both an overwhelming inflammatory response at the surgical site and the loss of physical separation that is normally present between the tendons and the @entity12897 . Adhesions bind the flexor tendons to each other and to surrounding structures, interfering with their normal gliding function. The clinical result of adhesion formation following flexor tendon surgery is poor digital function. This study investigated the effect of intraoperative treatments of high viscosity absorbable gels made of various combinations of hyaluronic acid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, on adhesion formation in a leghorn @entity1573 flexor tendon model. Forty-eight mature, white leghorn @entity1573 were used to verify the surgical model and to test five different gel treatments. The gels were formed from: 2% @entity4023 in @entity1391 buffered saline alone or combined with 1 mg/mL tolmetin @entity1372 ; 1 mg/mL naproxen @entity1372 ; 0.216 g/mL @entity18279 ; or 0.216 g/mL @entity18279 plus 1 mg/mL naproxen @entity1372 . The gels were applied by injecting 0.2 mL of the specified composition into the intrasheath space near the conclusion of the surgical procedure. Gross and histological evaluations were conducted to analyze the efficacy. All of the treatments significant reduced the extent and severity of @entity924 in this animal model as compared with the control (no gel treatment) (p < 0.05). The combination of naproxen @entity1372 and @entity18279 in a high viscosity @entity4023 carrier was the most effective composition. The combination of a high viscosity gel and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appears to maintain the natural separation between the tendons and their sheaths and decrease the tissue inflammatory response through mediating two of the major stimuli in adhesion formation.

title: Efficacy of hyaluronic acid/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug systems in preventing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18279 :: ('MESH:C120662', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium acetate']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sheath']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['postsurgical tendon adhesion']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['postsurgical tendon adhesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed clinician knowledge and practices since the marketing of tests for sexually transmitted @entity1082 ) and the release of HPV testing guidelines for two indications: 1) as an adjunct to cytologic screening and 2) to guide colposcopic triage of @entity1 with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) cytology results. METHODS: In mid-2004, we surveyed nationally representative, random samples of clinicians practicing specialties that provide cytologic screening. Mail surveys addressed HPV-related knowledge, screening, abnormal cytology management, HPV testing, and counseling practices. RESULTS: The overall adjusted response rate was 82%. Of the 2,980 (89%) clinicians providing cytologic screening, 99% knew that @entity5 risk, and 91% were aware of HPV tests. Of the 21% who reported ever using HPV tests as an adjunct to cytology, more reported usually testing @entity1 aged less than 30 years (which guidelines do not recommend) than older @entity1 (which guidelines do recommend). Of the 63% of clinicians who ever ordered HPV tests for abnormal cytology results, 84% usually ordered tests for ASC-US results and preferentially advised colposcopy if HPV tests were positive, as guidelines recommend. However, more than 60% usually ordered HPV tests for higher-grade abnormalities, which is not recommended for colposcopy triage. Although few sought HPV test consent, most discussed sexually transmitted HPV with @entity1 with abnormal cytology or positive HPV tests despite potentially negative psychosocial consequences. CONCLUSION: New HPV tests and testing guidelines have transformed screening, abnormal cytology management, and counseling practices. Although many U.S. clinicians reported using HPV tests according to guidelines, many also reported inappropriate use.

title: XXXX screening, abnormal cytology management, and counseling practices in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection increases cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This paper describes a recent randomized controlled trial in which 42% of @entity1 receiving ancrod attained a favourable outcome in comparison with 34% of controls. Although the above effect size corresponds to a number needed to treat (to achieve a favourable outcome) of approximately 13, intuition does not necessarily suggest what would be the overall impact of a treatment with this level of efficacy. METHODS: The objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ancrod. Cost-effectiveness analysis of data from the @entity64 Treatment with Ancrod Trial (STAT) trial was carried out. The @entity1 were 495 @entity1 with data on functional status at the conclusion of follow-up. Short-term results were based upon utilization and quality of life observed during the trial; these were merged with expected long-term results obtained through simulation using the @entity64 Policy Model. The main outcome measure was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. RESULTS: Ancrod treatment resulted in both better quality-adjusted life expectancy and lower medical costs than placebo as supported by sensitivity analysis. The cost differential was primarily attributable to the long-term implications of ancrod's role in reducing disability. CONCLUSIONS: If ancrod is even modestly effective, it will probably be cost-effective (and, indeed, cost-saving) as well. The net population-level impact of even modestly effective @entity64 treatments can be substantial.

title: Cost-effectiveness of ancrod treatment of acute @entity64 : results from the XXXX Treatment with Ancrod Trial (STAT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various connective tissue cells. Several techniques have been used for the clinical application of MSCs in articular cartilage repair; however, there are many issues associated with the selection of the scaffold material, including its ability to support cell viability and differentiation and its retention and degradation in situ. The application of MSCs via a scaffold also requires a technically demanding surgical procedure. The aim of this study was to test the outcome of intra-articular transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells suspended in @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) in the knee joints of @entity6475 @entity840 with spontaneous @entity571 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Commercially available @entity1 MSCs were cultured, labeled with @entity22139 (CFDA-SE), suspended in either PBS or @entity7245 , and injected into the knee joints of 7-month-old animals. The control animals were injected with either PBS or @entity7245 alone. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 5 weeks post transplantation, the knee joints harvested, and fluorescent microscopic analysis was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed at 5 weeks post transplantation. RESULTS: At 5 weeks post transplantation, partial cartilage repair was noted in the @entity7245 -MSC group but not in the other groups. Examination of CFDA-SE-labeled cells demonstrated migration, differentiation, and proliferation of MSC in the @entity7245 -MSC group. There was strong immunostaining for type II collagen around both residual chondrocytes and transplanted MSCs in the @entity571 cartilage. CONCLUSION: This scaffold-free and technically undemanding technique appears to result in the regeneration of articular cartilage in the spontaneous @entity571 animal model. Although further examination of the long-term effects of transplantation is necessary, the findings suggest that intra-articular injection of @entity7245 -MSC mixture is potentially beneficial for @entity571 .

title: Direct transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells into the knee joints of XXXX @entity840 with spontaneous @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['hyaluronic acid', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Hartley strain']

entities_list: @entity22139 :: ('MESH:C087165', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester']

answer: @entity6475 :: (MESH:D013180,Disease) :: ['Hartley strain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Subgroups of @entity11511 ( @entity11511 ), defined according to recurrent cytogenetic aberrations, may have different prognoses. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic relevance of molecular-cytogenetic abnormalities in pediatric @entity1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. DESIGN AND METHODS: The @entity1 were assigned to @entity18283 , @entity21503 / @entity21503 , @entity21504 / @entity21504 , or @entity4690 - @entity44621 subgroups. The cytogenetic subgroups were characterized in relation to immunophenotype and the expression of aberrantly expressed transcription factors. RESULTS: In our cohort study, @entity4690 - @entity44621 was associated with an immature immunophenotype and poor outcome (p=0.005). @entity21504 was associated with both immunophenotypically immature cases as well as cases committed to the gammadelta-lineage. @entity21504 was significantly associated with poor outcome (p=0.01), independently of the expression of @entity4897 or the presence of @entity125 mutations. @entity18283 abnormalities were associated with alphabeta-lineage commitment, and tended to be associated with a good outcome. Cells in @entity21503 cases resembled early @entity4897 -positive cortical thymocytes without expression of Cytbeta and TCR molecules. In relation to the expression of early T-cell transcription factors, high @entity18283 levels were found in immunophenotypically-advanced cases, whereas high @entity18285 levels were found in immature subgroups. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The reported outcomes for @entity21504 -rearranged @entity11511 cases are conflicting; the prognostic impact may depend on the therapy given. In our cohort, this cytogenetic aberration was associated with a poor outcome. Our data on @entity4690 - @entity44621 rearranged @entity11511 , albeit based on only three @entity1 , suggest that this type of @entity1778 is associated with a poor outcome.

title: The outcome of molecular-cytogenetic subgroups in pediatric XXXX : a retrospective study of @entity1 treated according to DCOG or COALL protocols.

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity11511 :: (MESH:D054218,Disease) :: ['T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: The characterization of adult worm and excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of P. miyazakii was performed with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG and Fab' fragments were prepared from P. miyazakii-infected @entity35 sera. The former was purified by affinity column chromatography. The latter was prepared from IgG2c by passage through a Protein A affinity column, then conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Cross-reactivity of the ELISA with @entity8072 . Fischoederius elongatus. @entity21564 . @entity380 and @entity2043 was negligible. With @entity9642 , the same genus as P. miyazakii, cross-reactivity was below 30%. The molecular weight of both antigens was comparable (36,000) as determined by Sephadox G-100 gel filtration. Isoelectric points in both antigens had many peaks in a pH range of 3.9-4.7. In adult worm, pI of the major peaks were 4.6 and 4.7 and minor part of peaks had the common isoelectric points with four ES peaks in a pH range of 4.1-4.6. Antigenicity per protein concentration of both antigens was examined by the ELISA. The ES antigen was about five times as active antigenically as adult worm antigen. These results suggest that ES is one of the major antigens inducing antibody synthesis in @entity35 infected with P. miyazakii, and that other antigens may be present within the adult worm.

title: Characterization of antigens of XXXX miyazakii by ELISA.

entities_list: @entity9642 :: ('34504', 'Species') :: ['Paragonimus westermani']

entities_list: @entity21564 :: ('6206', 'Species') :: ['Taenia saginata']

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity9642 :: (34504,Species) :: ['Paragonimus']


abstract: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is being employed with increasing frequency for the pre-operative diagnostic workup of @entity1558 . Although most cases show morphologic features very characteristic of specific entities, rare lesions with infarcted breast can cause problems in interpretation. We present cytologic findings in seven cases of an infarcted @entity15779 of the breast (IDPB) that was diagnosed by FNAC, and we also report the correlation of cytological features and stages of infarcted IDPB. In the early stage of @entity1188 , numerous degenerative cells and @entity39 were demonstrated. Isolated degenerative cells showed columnar, spindle, polygonal and fiber-like cells, with coagulated and smudged nuclei. Ghost cells were also seen. Extensive @entity39 was demonstrated with a few sheets of ductal cells in the mid-stage of @entity1188 . In the late stage of @entity1188 , clusters of fibroblasts, ductal cells and @entity39 were found. Knowledge of the characteristic cytologic pattern in different stages of infarcted IDPB may be helpful to suggest the probable pre-operative diagnosis of those lesions. Familiarity with this entity is important in preventing misdiagnosis of @entity5 .

title: Infarcted @entity15779 of the breast: cytologic features with stage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

entities_list: @entity15779 :: ('MESH:D018300', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papilloma']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: To determine whether chronic treatment with @entity4688 initiated early in life prevents @entity8 secondary to normal aging, CF1 @entity19 received @entity4688 (20 mg/L, n = 10) or @entity594 (40 mg/L, n = 10) in their drinking water from the time of weaning to 12 months of life. Control @entity19 (n = 10) received tap water ad libitum. Immunocytochemical detection of renin confirmed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition resulted in recruitment of renin-containing cells along the preglomerular vessels. Morphometric analysis of glomeruli included assessment of glomerular diameter and the percentage of mesangial area per glomerulus. Glomerular diameter and mesangial area were higher in control @entity19 (99.7 +/- 0.5 microns, 12.7 +/- 0.3%) than in @entity4688 -treated @entity19 (88 +/- 0.8 microns, 8.6 +/- 0.6%) (P < .05). Glomerular diameter and mesangial area in the @entity594 -treated group (99.1 +/- 0.9 microns, 12.4 +/- 0.9%) were not different from control @entity19 . These results demonstrate that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition prevents the glomerular enlargement and mesangial expansion observed during natural aging. In addition, control glomeruli expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin in a mesangial distribution. This effect was prevented by @entity4688 treatment but not by @entity594 . We conclude that long-term treatment with @entity4688 from early life prevents the early changes associated with @entity8 and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in the glomerulus. alpha-Smooth muscle actin may participate in and serve as an early marker of the @entity8 during the normal aging process.

title: Intraglomerular expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in aging XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity342 withdrawal induces @entity519 in @entity342 -sensitive tissue; this is important as in the @entity5 microenvironment, @entity519 is known to drive malignant progression. Our study examined the time-dependent effect of @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) on @entity5 oxygenation and investigated the role of ADT-induced @entity519 on @entity263 . LNCaP xenografted @entity5 were treated with anti- @entity3800 and @entity5 oxygenation measured. Dorsal skin fold (DSF) chambers were used to image @entity5 vasculature in vivo. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) identified differential gene expression following treatment with @entity12195 . @entity12195 -treated and vehicle-only-treated @entity5 were re-established in vitro, and invasion and sensitivity to @entity1205 were measured. @entity5 was calculated following treatment with @entity12195 combined with the bioreductive drug AQ4N. @entity5 oxygenation measurements showed a precipitate decrease following initiation of ADT. A clinically relevant dose of @entity12195 (2 mg/kg/day) decreased @entity5 oxygenation by 45% within 24 hr, reaching a nadir of 0.09% @entity26 (0.67    0.06 mmHg) by Day 7; this persisted until Day 14 when it increased up to Day 28. Using DSF chambers, LNCaP @entity5 treated with @entity12195 showed loss of small vessels at Days 7 and 14 with revascularisation occurring by Day 21. QPCR showed changes in gene expression consistent with the vascular changes and malignant progression. Cells from @entity12195 -treated @entity5 were more malignant than vehicle-treated controls. Combining @entity12195 with @entity45055 (50 mg/kg, single dose) caused greater @entity5 growth delay than @entity12195 alone. Our study shows that @entity12195 -induced @entity519 selects for cells that show malignant progression; targeting @entity519 cells may provide greater clinical benefit.

title: XXXX deprivation results in time-dependent @entity519 in @entity263 : informed scheduling of the bioreductive drug AQ4N improves treatment response.

entities_list: @entity12195 :: ('MESH:C053541', 'Chemical') :: ['Bicalutamide', 'bicalutamide']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['malignant progression in prostate tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'Tumour growth delay', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['Androgen']


abstract: The incidence of @entity378 in Poland is about 2-3 times higher than average for E.U. countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity378 epidemiology in Silesia Voivodship (region where 12% of Polish citizens live) against the background of the country (Poland). The paper presents actual @entity1906 epidemiology situation (incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality from @entity1906 in Silesia and in Poland) as well as its trends observed between 1994-2004. The regional incidence in 2004 was 36% lower than in 1994, but 28 per 100,000 population is still higher than 24.9 per 100,000 observed in Poland. The incidence of @entity378 increases with age, 0.8 in @entity1 aged 0-14 years, up to 48.0 among 65 and older. In 2004 incidence in the age groups 20-44 and 45-64 years (23.7 and 46.9 respectively) was much higher than average observed in Poland (20.3 and 39.5 respectively), as well the proportion of new cases in this age groups. The @entity1906 incidence in @entity1 (41.7) is 2.6 times higher than in @entity1 (15.2). Between 1998-2004 in Silesia Voivodship morbidity was growing and in 2004 was 60.6 per 100,000. In the year 2000 @entity1906 mortality was almost two times higher in Silesia (4.4) than the average in Poland (2.4). Epidemiological situation of @entity378 in Silesia Voivodship between 1994-2004 improved but is still bad. To correct this situation it is necessary to improve the process of fast diagnosis and effective therapy.

title: [ XXXX epidemiology in Silesia Voivodship (Poland) between 1994-2004].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of repeated pepsin/ @entity5836 ( @entity5828 ) exposure on the eustachian tube (ET). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: ET function was studied in 22 @entity35 . Group I (control) @entity35 received transtympanic @entity1391 buffered saline solution; groups II (0.5 mg/ml) and III (2.0 mg/ml) received transtympanic pepsin/ @entity5828 . Test solutions were applied on day 0 with ET function evaluated on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 after exposure. Each 7-day period represents 1 cycle; all groups underwent 4 cycles. ET function was evaluated using passive opening and closing pressure, and active clearance of positive and negative pressure tests. RESULTS: @entity35 exposed to pepsin/ @entity5828 had elevated @entity551 and a decreased ability to clear positive and negative pressure. A temporal relationship exists. CONCLUSION: The results suggest middle ear exposure to pepsin/ @entity5828 leads to @entity409 in @entity35 , and that this dysfunction is enhanced with repeated exposures. SIGNIFICANCE: Gastroesophageal reflux may induce @entity409 .

title: Function of the eustachian tube after weekly exposure to pepsin/ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ET dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['passive opening pressures']

answer: @entity5836 :: (MESH:D006851,Chemical) :: ['hydrochloric acid']


abstract: Insulin resistance may enhance the @entity8233 formation via increased oxidative stress. However, clinical trials investigating the benefit of antioxidant therapy with @entity1881 showed negative results. Recent studies showed that chemical characteristics of @entity2076 are distinct from those of @entity1881 . We hypothesized that @entity2076 is superior to @entity1881 in preventing the @entity8233 growth after @entity1317 in insulin resistance. Male @entity35 were fed with standard chow or a high @entity948 diet for induction of insulin resistance. Thereafter, the left carotid artery was injured with a balloon catheter. After 2 weeks, the carotid arteries were harvested and histomorphometrically analyzed. The @entity8233 -media ratio of the injured artery was significantly greater in insulin resistance group (n=8, 1.33+/-0.12) than in normal group (n=10, 0.76+/-0.11, p<0.01). @entity2076 (100 mg/kg/day) reduced the ratio (n=5, 0.55+/-0.21, p<0.01 vs. insulin resistance group), while @entity1881 was without effect (n=7, 1.08+/-0.14). The quantification of plasma @entity9482 , an indicator of systemic oxidative stress, and @entity16203 fluorescence staining of the carotid artery, an indicator of the local @entity224 production, showed that oxidative stress in the systemic circulation and local arterial tissue was increased in insulin resistance. Both @entity4793 decreased plasma @entity9482 , but failed to suppress the @entity224 production in the carotid arteries. Increased @entity6837 in @entity8233 by insulin resistance was greatly reduced only by @entity2076 . In conclusion, @entity2076 , but not @entity1881 , reduces the @entity8233 proliferation in insulin resistance, independently of its effects on @entity224 production. The beneficial effect may be related with its inhibitory effects on nitrosative stress.

title: XXXX , but not @entity1881 , potently inhibits neointimal formation induced by @entity1317 in insulin resistant @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6837 :: ('CHEBI:44454', 'Chemical') :: ['3-nitrotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherols']

entities_list: @entity2076 :: ('MESH:D024504', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-tocopherol', 'gamma-Tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity9482 :: ('MESH:C057590', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity16203 :: ('MESH:C067883', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroethidium']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity2076 :: (MESH:D024504,Chemical) :: ['gamma-tocopherol']


abstract: One of the problems limiting myoblast transplantation (MT) is the early death of the transplanted cells. Because complement can be fixed by myoblasts in vitro, and because it has the capacity to induce cell lysis, its possible role in the early death of transplanted myoblasts was investigated. @entity2659 @entity19 and Macaca mulata monkeys were used as recipients for MT. In some @entity19 , C3 was depleted before MT using Cobra Venom Factor. @entity19 were sacrificed during the first hour and up to 3 days after MT. Monkeys were biopsied 1 to 4 h after MT. Myoblast @entity39 was assessed by the presence of intracellular @entity460 . @entity465 was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry with anti-C3 and anti-C5b-9 neoantigen antibodies. In @entity19 , C3 deposition was observed in damaged muscle fibers and in regions containing necrosed myoblasts. Complement depletion did not diminish the proportion of necrosed cells. In monkeys, only a small percentage of transplanted myoblasts showed C3 or C5b-9 deposition, mostly intracellular. Complement activation seems not to be implicated in directly damaging the transplanted cells, but seems secondary to cellular death. Taking into account its chemotactic functions, complement could be implicated in the migration of neutrophils and macrophages into the clusters of transplanted cells.

title: XXXX and cell death after myoblast transplantation.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['Complement deposition']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['Complement deposition']


abstract: The @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) transporters are important transmembrane proteins encoded by a supergene family. The majority of ABC proteins are primary active transporters that bind and hydrolyze @entity855 to mediate the efflux of a diverse range of substrates across lipid membranes. In this study, we cloned and characterized a putative multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) from Rhopalosiphum padi encoded by ABCC1. Structural analysis showed that this protein has structural features typical of the ABC transporter family. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the @entity3689 sequence was highly similar that of the corresponding protein from @entity6294 . Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that ABCC1 was expressed throughout all R. padi developmental stages, with the highest level of expression in the fourth larval instar. We also examined ABCC1 expression in four different tissue types and found that it was most highly expressed in the midgut. Exposing R. padi to @entity5051 and @entity10687 increased ABCC1 expression. Furthermore, ABCC1 expression was higher in the @entity5051 -resistant (IR) and @entity10687 -resistant (CR) strains than in an insecticide-susceptible strain (SS) of R. padi. Exposing R. padi to @entity1855 in combination with insecticides significantly increased the @entity137 of the insecticides. The respective synergy factor of CR and IR R. padi strain was 1.33 and 1.26, which was lower than that (2.72 and 1.64, respectively) of the SS. Our results clarify the biological function of ABCC1 in R. padi, particularly its role in insecticide resistance, and suggest novel strategies for pest management that use ABC transporter inhibitors to increase the effectiveness of insecticides.

title: MOLECULAR CLONING, EXPRESSION PATTERN OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) GENE, AND THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF VERAPAMIL ON XXXX OF TWO INSECTICIDES IN THE BIRD CHERRY-OAT APHID.

entities_list: @entity6294 :: ('7029', 'Species') :: ['Acyrthosiphon pisum']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity10687 :: ('MESH:D004390', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpyrifos']

entities_list: @entity5051 :: ('MESH:C082359', 'Chemical') :: ['imidacloprid']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['TOXICITY']


abstract: CONTEXT: Advanced @entity418 is aggressive with an expected median survival of 6-7 months. Combination chemotherapy regimens provide effective palliation, but result in substantial @entity137 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of @entity1 with advanced @entity418 , not amenable to definitive intent therapy who were treated with intravenous weekly @entity1311 . RESULTS: Between October 2010 and August 2011, 51 @entity1 were included. Median age was 56 years, with a male: female ratio of 2.9:1. 29% were mid esophageal and 55% were lower third and gastroesophageal junction @entity5 . 65% of the @entity5 had squamous histology. Performance status was > 2 in 45%. 61% @entity1 had received prior therapy, either definitive or palliative. 51% @entity1 were @entity902 -pre-treated and 29% had received prior 3 weekly @entity1311 . 76% @entity1 had distant metastases. Median number of cycles of weekly @entity1311 delivered was 11. 71% of @entity1 had improvement in @entity1282 , with a median time to symptom improvement of 9 days. In 72% @entity1 , the feeding nasogastric tube could be removed. Overall response rate was 49% (complete remission: 4%, partial remission: 45%, stable disease: 13%). Median progression free survival was 4.7 months (confidence interval [95% CI: 3.7-5.7 months]) and median overall survival was 7.5 months (95% CI: 3.1-11.8 months). Histopathology, performance status and pre-treatment albumin significantly affected survival. The most common grade 3/4 @entity137 included @entity2753 (14%), @entity1295 (16%), @entity294 (12%), @entity417 (31%), @entity1398 (10%) and @entity1398 (4%). CONCLUSIONS: Metronomic weekly @entity1311 chemotherapy may provide palliative benefit in advanced unresectable metastatic @entity418 with minimal @entity137 .

title: Metronomic weekly XXXX in advanced unresectable @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: @entity6469 injected into CBA @entity19 replicated primarily in the spleen and liver, reaching a peak bacterial count in both organs about 7 days postinfection. The organism was eliminated from the liver but declined to a chronic phase in the spleen. The @entity281 caused @entity828 . An influx of macrophages into the two organs was monitored by quantitative Northern (RNA blot) analysis of the macrophage-specific marker @entity16977 mRNA. @entity16977 mRNA was detectable in spleen and increased three- to fourfold during @entity281 . In liver, @entity16977 mRNA was initially undetectable, but at about the peak of @entity281 it reached a level comparable to that in the spleen. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 ( @entity6824 ) has been reported to be elevated in the circulation of animals infected with @entity6469 and is known to stimulate monocytopoiesis. To investigate the role of @entity6824 in pathogenesis, we studied the effect of further increasing the @entity6824 concentration by administration of recombinant @entity1 @entity6824 . Since the @entity281 is characterized by several distinct phases, recombinant @entity1 @entity6824 was administered at defined times relative to these phases. Pronounced effects were observed only when @entity6824 administration was begun during the developing acute phase. The consequences were decreased bacterial numbers in the spleen but an increase in the liver, reduced antibody generation, and increased @entity828 . A feature of many chronic intracellular infections is immunosuppression. @entity6469 caused a substantial diminution of responsiveness of spleen cells to T-cell mitogens, particularly concanavalin A. This action was mimicked by @entity6824 treatment of the animals prior to spleen cell isolation. The results suggest that @entity6824 plays a role in macrophage recruitment in @entity3377 and that recruited macrophages contribute to the immunopathology and immunosuppression.

title: Effect of recombinant @entity1 macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 on immunopathology of experimental @entity3377 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6469 :: ('235', 'Species') :: ['Brucella abortus', 'B. abortus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether an association between @entity1372 -sensitive @entity101 and @entity209 exists; and whether, in @entity1 with @entity209 , the nocturnal fall of blood pressure decreases and salt restriction affects the circadian blood pressure rhythm. METHODS: Japanese @entity1 with essential @entity101 , who were treated without any antihypertensive agent, were maintained on a high- @entity1372 diet and a low- @entity1372 diet for 1 week each. On the last day of each diet, the 24-h blood pressures were measured. A diagnosis of @entity209 was made according to the International @entity6 Foundation definition RESULTS: Among the 56 @entity1 with essential @entity101 , 15 @entity1 were complicated with @entity209 while 41 @entity1 were not. The nocturnal blood pressure fall was significant in @entity1 without @entity209 , while it was not so in @entity1 with @entity209 . Only in @entity1 with @entity209 was the nocturnal blood pressure fall enhanced by @entity1372 restriction. The prevalence of @entity1372 -sensitive @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity209 was significantly higher than in those without @entity209 (70.6 versus 36.0%, respectively; P = 0.017). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed @entity1144 to be an independent risk factor for @entity1372 -sensitive @entity101 (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.91). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with essential @entity101 , an inter-relationship exists among @entity209 , enhanced @entity1372 sensitivity of the blood pressure and @entity3257 . The elevated risk of @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity209 may be related to @entity1372 -sensitive @entity101 and @entity3257 .

title: Enhanced XXXX sensitivity and disturbed circadian rhythm of blood pressure in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-dipping']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: Two large-scale randomized screening trials, the Prostate, Lung, @entity14 trial in the USA and the European Randomized Screening for @entity263 (ERSPC) trial in Europe are currently under way, aimed at assessing whether screening reduces @entity263 mortality. Up to the end of 1998, 102,691 @entity1 have been randomized to the intervention arm and 115,322 to the control arm (which represents 83% of the target sample size) from 7 European countries and 10 screening centers in the USA. The principal screening method at all centers is determination of serum @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ). The PLCO trial and some European centers use also digital rectal examination (DRE) as an ancillary screening test. In the core age group (55-69 years), 3,362 of 32,486 @entity1 screened (10%) had a serum @entity1486 concentration of 4 ng/ml or greater, which is 1 cut-off for biopsy (performed in 84%). An additional 6% was referred for further assessment based on other criteria, with much less efficiency. Differences in @entity1486 by country are largely attributable to the age structure of the study population. The mean age-specific @entity1486 levels are lower in the PLCO trial (1.64 ng/ml [in the age group 55-59 years], 1.80 [60-64 years] and 2.18 [65-69 years) than in the ERSPC trial (1.28-1.71 [55-59], 1.75-2.87 [60-64] and 2.48-3.06 [65-69 years]). Detection rates at the first screen in the ERSPC trial range from 11 to 42/1,000 @entity1 screened and reflect underlying differences in incidence rates and screening procedures. In centers with consent to randomization design, adherence in the screening arm is 91%, but less than half of the @entity1 in the target population are enrolled in the trial. In population-based centers in which @entity1 were randomized prior to consent, all eligible subjects are enrolled, but only about two-thirds of the @entity1 in the intervention arm undergo screening. Considerable progress has been made in both trials. Enrollment will be completed in 2001. A substantial number of early @entity263 have been detected. The differences between countries seem to reflect both underlying @entity263 incidence and screening policy. The trials have the power to show definitive results in 2005-2008.

title: Large-scale randomized @entity263 screening trials: program performances in the European Randomized Screening for @entity263 trial and the Prostate, Lung, XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal and Ovary (PLCO) cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal and Ovary cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity262 ( @entity262 ) was introduced in 2002 in an attempt to reduce the increasing rate of road traffic accident (RTA) related fatalities and serious injuries. Points are awarded based on the severity of the offence and are cumulative. A total of 12 points results in the disqualification from driving. OBJECTIVE: A few studies have looked at the immediate or short term impact of @entity262 on @entity130 services or specific injuries such as spine @entity130 in Ireland. Little data is available on the long term effect of the @entity262 . The aim of this study is to see if the @entity262 system has had an influence on the number of @entity130 referred to our unit for surgical intervention and if this influence is sustained in the longer term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all pelvic and acetabular injuries admitted to our unit from 1999 to 2008 was undertaken. The mechanism of injury, the site and @entity1 demographics were noted. RESULTS: A total of 467 @entity1 were identified over the ten year period. 454 @entity1 were included in the study. There was a significant male preponderance of 76%. Mean age was 36.5 years (range 16 to 83). RTA's were the cause in 74% (n = 335) of the cases. The annual work load remained similar over the years. There has been a reduction in the number of RTA related @entity130 . There have been notable drops in the number of these cases corresponding to the introduction of the @entity262 and its subsequent expansion. The number of @entity130 due to falls continues to rise. CONCLUSION: The introduction of the @entity262 and its subsequent expansion has had a positive influence on the number of RTA related pelvic @entity130 . Continued surveillance and enforcement of the @entity262 is important for a sustained benefit from it in the long term.

title: Impact of road traffic "penalty points" on high energy pelvic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['PPS', 'penalty points system']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11782 of pregnancy ( @entity7216 ; synonym: pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy) is the most common specific dermatosis of pregnancy. However, its clinical characterization is controversial and its pathogenesis uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate clinical characteristics of and potential trigger factors for @entity7216 in a large mixed ethnic population. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of epidemiological, clinical, immunopathological and obstetric findings in 181 @entity1 with @entity7216 seen at two university-based dermatological hospitals in Graz, Austria, and London, U.K. RESULTS: @entity7216 mainly affected white (88%) primigravidae (70%) in late pregnancy (83%; mean +/- SD onset 34 +/- 5 weeks) or the immediate postpartum period (15%). The most commonly involved sites were the abdomen and proximal thighs (97%). Involvement of the whole skin, including the face, palms and soles, was only rarely observed. While pruritic urticarial papules and plaques were the main morphological features at disease onset (98%), more than one-half of the @entity1 (51%) later developed polymorphous features including erythema, vesicles, and @entity75 . Topical treatment with @entity288 and emollients was sufficient to control symptoms in the majority of @entity1 , and @entity272 resolved after a mean +/- SD of 4 +/- 3 weeks. Multiple gestation pregnancies were observed in 13% of cases, excessive maternal @entity1017 in 78%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the benign, self-limiting nature of @entity7216 and its favourable outcome for both the mother and the fetus. For the first time, we have documented a characteristic change in morphology with disease progression. The evidence of polymorphous clinical features in more than one-half of the @entity1 favours the use of the term @entity7216 . Multiple gestation pregnancies and excessive maternal @entity1017 , but not fetal weight and sex, were found to be significantly associated with @entity7216 .

title: @entity11782 of pregnancy: clinicopathology and potential trigger factors in 181 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11782 :: ('MESH:C535817', 'Disease') :: ['Polymorphic eruption']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['targetoid and eczematous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We studied the interrelations between gastric, pharyngeal, proximal, and distal airway bacterial flora in @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) on 36 @entity1 with @entity55 acquired during mechanical ventilation (MV) and 27 mechanically ventilated control subjects without @entity358 . Gastric, pharyngeal, and endotracheal (EA) sampling for quantitative cultures were performed upon all @entity1 , as well as fiberoptic bronchoscopy with protected specimen brush (PSB) sampling. Mean @entity2348 counts were significantly increased in pharyngeal, EA, and PSB samples in @entity1 with @entity2489 compared with control subjects. The overall increase in colonization was due to gram-positive cocci in all samples. In addition, gram-negative bacilli and fungi mean counts increased significantly in PSB @entity55 samples versus control samples. However, mean gastric colonization was similar in both @entity1 with @entity2489 and control subjects. In the former group there was an increase in coincident microorganisms isolated from gastric, pharyngeal, and EA samples in relation to PSB samples compared with control samples. Among the different quantitative cultures analyzed, only those obtained from EA significantly correlated with PSB cultures in @entity1 with @entity55 (r = 0.67, p = 0.001). In summary, the present study shows that the coincidence between microorganisms isolated in PSB cultures and those from gastric and oropharynx increase in MV @entity1 with @entity55 , indicating that both reservoirs play a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity55 . Conceivably, preventing both gastric and pharyngeal colonization may reduce the incidence of @entity2489 . From all the noninvasive samples studied only endotracheal aspirate cultures were useful for inferring the etiology of some @entity55 .

title: Gastric and pharyngeal flora in XXXX acquired during mechanical ventilation.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['VAP pneumonias', 'nosocomial pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungi colony']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Delayed perineal wound healing following 'conventional' excision of the rectum for @entity29 is common-up to 58% in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 72% in those with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) 6   months following proctectomy. The risk of perineal wound morbidity is increased if @entity295 is present at the time of proctectomy. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of perineal wound @entity295 in a consecutive series of @entity1 treated by close rectal and intersphincteric anal canal dissection to preserve the pelvic floor and suction drainage to minimize the residual pelvic dead space. @entity1 AND METHODS: Anorectal @entity295 if present was drained preoperatively. Omental transposition was used selectively to occlude residual cavities after @entity292 tracks had been laid open. Between 1989 and 1996, 46 @entity1 (median age 56   years) underwent rectal excision, 27 for @entity31 and 19 for @entity30 . In seven @entity1 the faecal stream was diverted at least 2   months prior to proctectomy. In all but five @entity1 primary closure of the perineum was carried out (89.1%). RESULTS: Uncomplicated wound healing occurred in 37/46 (80.4%) @entity1 . All @entity1 in whom the perineum was left open healed within 6   months without subsequent chronic @entity50 formation. At a median follow up of 3.4   years (2.1-7.4   years), no @entity1 with @entity31 had further perineal wound problems and only 2/19 (10.5%) of @entity30 @entity1 had a persistent chronic perineal @entity50 . Preoperative faecal diversion had no influence on the incidence of subsequent perineal wound morbidity. CONCLUSION: Uncomplicated perineal wound healing after rectal excision for @entity29 appears more likely to occur after preoperative control of @entity295 , minimizing dead space in the pelvis by perimuscular rectal excision, use of suction drainage, intersphincteric dissection of the anal canal and selective use of omental transposition.

title: Perineal wound morbidity following proctectomy for @entity29 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'anorectal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['IBD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Research demonstrates a negative impact of @entity25 on mood and affect; however, the biological mechanisms mediating these links are poorly understood. Amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli has emerged as one potential pathway. Here, we investigate the influence of self-reported @entity25 on associations between threat-related amygdala reactivity and measures of negative affect and perceived stress. METHODS: Analyses on data from 299 @entity1 (125 @entity1 , 50.5% white, mean [standard deviation] age = 19.6 [1.3] years) who completed the Duke Neurogenetics Study were conducted. @entity1 completed several self-report measures of negative affect and perceived stress. Threat-related (i.e., angry and fearful facial expressions) amygdala reactivity was assayed using blood @entity26 level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Global @entity25 was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: Amygdala reactivity to fearful facial expressions predicted greater depressive symptoms and higher perceived stress in poor (b values = 0.18-1.86, p values < .05) but not good sleepers (b values = -0.13 to -0.01, p values > .05). In sex-specific analyses, @entity1 reporting poorer global @entity25 showed a significant association between amygdala reactivity and levels of @entity308 and perceived stress (b values = 0.29-0.44, p values < .05). In contrast, no significant associations were observed in @entity1 reporting @entity25 or in @entity1 , irrespective of @entity25 . CONCLUSIONS: This study provides novel evidence that self-reported @entity25 moderates the relationships between amygdala reactivity, negative affect, and perceived stress, particularly among @entity1 .

title: Impact of XXXX on amygdala reactivity, negative affect, and perceived stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['good global sleep quality', 'sleep quality', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep quality']


abstract: Occurrences of @entity5 in 308 @entity1 who were clinically free of @entity5 60 months or more after surgical treatment of T1 N0 @entity1149 are summarized. At last report, 210 @entity1 remained alive with no evidence of @entity5 , 43 @entity1 died of nonmalignant causes, and 55 @entity1 had 59 occurrences of @entity5 . Late @entity2 recurrence was observed in 22 @entity1 (concurrent with @entity5 in one @entity1 and with @entity5 in one @entity1 ). @entity2 was noted in 20 @entity1 (including concurrent @entity694 in one @entity1 and metastatic recurrence in one @entity1 ). Other nonpulmonary @entity5 appeared in 13 @entity1 . Including second @entity2 , 25 @entity5 of aerodigestive epithelium were observed in 23 @entity1 . The @entity5 -free survival advantage for @entity1 with squamous @entity5 observed until 60 months after resection was not sustained at 60 months and beyond. At the time of last follow-up, 84 @entity1 (27%) had died; 43 were free of @entity5 , and 41 had @entity5 (14 @entity1 were alive with @entity5 and 210 with no evidence of disease). These data reinforce two conclusions: (1) The probability of @entity2 recurrence or appearance of new @entity2 5 years or more after successful operation in this select subpopulation of @entity1 with @entity2 is of concern. (2) The @entity5 -free survival advantage of @entity1 with squamous @entity5 disappears after 5 years.

title: @entity5 appearing late after operation for T1 N0 @entity1149 . The XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'malignant disease', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'cancers', 'nasopharyngeal cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Metachronous second lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on the use of pharmaceutical @entity1 assistance programs (PAPs) in the outpatient pharmacy at the largest tertiary @entity5 center in the United States. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective (July 1, 2006-Dec 31,2007) cross-sectional analysis of outpatient pharmacy, medical, and @entity5 registry records at the @entity5 center. The @entity5 center identified 104 medications available through PAPs. Study-eligible @entity1 received at least one of these medications, either as a @entity2786 case @entity1 or as a @entity2786 control non-user. Binary logit regression models predicted @entity2786 use, and descriptive statistics compared @entity2786 user and non-user medication fills. RESULTS: Of 25,552 @entity5 @entity1 at who received an outpatient medication during the study period, 1,929 met study criteria (n=950 @entity2786 users, 979 @entity2786 non-users). In comparison to controls, @entity2786 users were more likely to be uninsured (odds ratio (OR)=4.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.118, 9.970), indigent (OR=16.95, 95% CI: 6.845, 41.960), and < 65 years old (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.517, 3.509). Of the most frequently dispensed medications to @entity2786 users from PAPs (n=5,271), 88% (n=4,936) were for supportive care (e.g., @entity1209 ). PAPs provided 35% (n=842) of the most common anticancer agents administered to @entity2786 users (n=1,296), accounting for a monthly mean of  55,000 in pharmaceutical expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity5 center's outpatient pharmacy, PAPs provided financial support for about a third of the most commonly used therapies, primarily for supportive care indications, for a small percentage of eligible @entity5 @entity1 .

title: @entity5 @entity1 ' use of pharmaceutical XXXX assistance programs in the outpatient pharmacy at a large tertiary @entity5 center.

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We report the first randomized study assessing the efficacy and safety of @entity5699 (DNR) continuous infusion (CI) compared to the more conventional 30-min infusion (i.v.) in newly diagnosed adult @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Seventy-seven @entity1 were initially randomized to receive either a 24-h CI DNR (60 mg/m2 days 2-4) (40 @entity1 ) or bolus DNR at the same dosage (37 @entity1 ) with @entity1891 (2 mg i.v. days 1, 8, 15) and oral @entity229 (60 mg/m2 days 1-15), without @entity1583 growth factor support, as an induction regimen. The distribution of adverse prognostic factors was comparable in the two-induction arm. Acute @entity137 was more important in the CI arm. Gram negative infection (9 vs 1 gram negative @entity295 , P = 0.01) and @entity204 (6 vs 1 @entity204 , P = NS) occurred more frequently in the CI arm during the induction treatment than in the i.v. arm, leading to the study interruption. Neutropenia but not @entity882 duration was significantly longer in the CI arm than in the i.v. arm (18 days vs 14 days, P > 0.05 and 16 days vs 12 days, P > 0.05, respectively). Despite a similar CR rate according to the method of DNR administration (68% in the CI DNR arm vs 76% in the i.v. arm after the first course), there was a trend toward higher freedom from relapse (FFR) after DNR CI (48% vs 28% in the i.v. arm at 5 years, P = NS), suggesting that despite this high @entity137 , DNR CI may improve the CR quality and decrease further the @entity66 .

title: XXXX continuous infusion induces more @entity137 than bolus infusion in @entity981 induction regimen: a randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'infection-related deaths']

answer: @entity5699 :: (MESH:D003630,Chemical) :: ['Daunorubicin']


abstract: The surgical outcome of 74 @entity1 , who underwent @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) for ventral irreducible @entity154 between January 1989 to September 1997, was studied to evaluate the perioperative complications and problems encountered. The indications for @entity5663 included irreducible @entity3029 (n=24), @entity3473 (n=16), and a combination of both (n=35). Following @entity5663 , occipitocervical stabilization using Jain's technique was carried out in 50 (67.5%) and atlantoaxial fusion using Brooks' construct in 18 (24.3%) @entity1 . The pre- and postoperative radiology was compared to assess the adequacy of decompression and stability. The major morbidity included pharyngeal wound sepsis leading to dehiscence (20.3%) and @entity548 (4%), @entity1887 (8.1%), @entity2841 leak (6.7%) and inadequate decompression (6.7%). @entity16 occurred transiently in 17 (22.9%) and was sustained in 7 (9.4%) @entity1 . The mortality in six cases was due to operative @entity130 , exanguination from pharyngeal wound (one each), postoperative instability and inability to be weaned off from the ventilator (two each). Of the 47 (63.5%) @entity1 available at follow up ranging from 3 months to 2 years, 26 (55.3%) showed improvement from their preoperative status while 14 (29.8%) demonstrated stabilization of their @entity51 . Seven (14.9%) of them deteriorated. Though @entity5663 is logical and effective in relieving ventral compression due to @entity154 , it carries the formidable risks of instability, incomplete @entity16 , @entity2841 leak, @entity281 and @entity409 .

title: Transoral decompression for XXXX : perioperative management dilemmas.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['craniovertebral junction anomalies']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['valopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['decompression, neurological deterioration', 'Neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['TOD', 'transoral decompression']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['palatopharyngeal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['basilar invagination']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial dislocation']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['craniovertebral osseous anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic colorectal surgery decreases @entity282 and facilitates a speedier recovery compared with laparotomy, @entity282 at trocar insertion sites remains a clinical concern. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a preoperative ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on @entity158 after laparoscopic surgery for @entity14 . METHODS: In total, 58 @entity1 scheduled to undergo laparoscopic surgery following a diagnosis of @entity14 were included in this study. The @entity1 were randomized into TAP and control groups; the TAP group @entity1 received a preoperative ultrasound-guided bilateral TAP block with 0.5  mL/kg of 0.25  % @entity1341 , while the control @entity1 received the block with an equal amount of saline. @entity158 on coughing and at rest was assessed during postanesthetic recovery ( @entity16400  h after surgery) and on postoperative days (PODs) 1 (24  h), 2 (48  h), and 3 (72  h) by an investigator blinded to group allocations using the numeric rating scale (NRS). The primary outcome was @entity158 on coughing on postoperative day (POD) 1. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 were included in the final analysis, including 28 in the TAP and 27 in the control groups. The @entity158 intensity on coughing and at rest during PAR and on PODs 1, 2, and 3 showed no significant differences between groups. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in postoperative opioid consumption, sedation scores, @entity390 scores at the four time points, complication rates, and length of hospital stay between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity14 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery, a TAP block did not offer enough benefit for clinical efficacy in terms of @entity282 or analgesic consumption.

title: Effects of preoperative ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block on @entity158 after laparoscopic surgery for XXXX : a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity299 Trial (ALLHAT) is a randomized clinical outcome trial of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy in a diverse population (including substantial numbers of @entity1 and minorities) of 42,419 high-risk hypertensives aged > or = 55 years with a planned mean follow-up of 6 years. In this paper, we describe our experience in the identification, recruitment, and selection of clinical centers for this large simple trial capable of meeting the recruitment goals outlined for ALLHAT, and we highlight factors associated with clinical center performance. Over 135,000 recruitment brochures were mailed to physicians. Requests for information and application packets were received from 9351 (6.8%) interested investigators. A total of 1053 completed applications were received and 909 sites (86%) were eventually approved to join the trial. Of the approved sites, 278 either later declined participation or were never activated, and 8 were closed within a year for lack of enrollment. The final 623 randomizing centers exceeded the trial's recruitment goal to enroll at least 40,000 @entity1 into the trial, although the recruitment period was extended 1.5 years longer than planned. Fewer than a quarter of the sites (22.6%) were recruited from academic medical centers or Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. More than half of the sites (54.7%) were private solo or group practices, which contributed 53% of randomized @entity1 . Community health centers comprised about 8% of the ALLHAT sites and 2.9% were part of health maintenance organizations. More than 22% of the principal investigators reported that they had no previous clinical research experience. In summary, ALLHAT was successful in recruiting a diverse group of clinical centers to achieve its @entity1 recruitment goals.

title: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent XXXX Trial (ALLHAT): clinical center recruitment experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Attack']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Heart Attack']


abstract: Surgical resection of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the treatment of choice if complete resection is possible. There is consensus regarding a pretreatment minimal staging. For the pre-operative exploration CT scan (with contrast) and mediastinoscopy are complemental. Accepted is the New International Staging system with TNM. The 5-year survival following complete resection is stage-dependent. For stage I disease (T1-2, N0 M0) lobectomy is generally possible. The overall 5-year postoperative survival is 65%. No postoperative adjuvant treatment is necessary. For stage II (T1-2 N1 M0) lobectomy is possible in 70% of @entity1 . The overall 5-year postoperative survival is 42.9%. Survival is affected by histology and T-status. The incidence of local recurrence can be reduced by postoperative radiotherapy. For stage III A (T1-3 N0-2 M0) surgery or combined modality treatment is indicated. The overall 5-year postoperative survival is 22.2%. For chest wall involvement (T3) en bloc resection of lung and partial chest wall is performed if possible. The 5-year survivors share common features: asymptomatic before operation, non-smokers, no rib erosion, @entity957 , limited chest wall resection and N0 status. @entity5 (T3) are treated according to the Paulson protocol with low dose pre-operative radiotherapy, complete en bloc resection, and postoperative radiotherapy in case of incomplete resection. Long-term survival after pre-operative irradiation and complete resection is possible. N1 or @entity66 is an adverse prognostic factor. When @entity66 is unsuspectedly discovered at operation, complete resection with mediastinal lymphadenectomy is indicated. The subgroup with the best prognosis is the group with negative mediastinoscopy, lobectomy and minimal N2. Multimodal therapy with chemo- or chemoradiotherapy is investigated. The results demonstrate the longest survival in @entity1 with complete resection after major response to chemotherapy. For stage III B (T4 any N M0; any T N3 M0) surgery is usually not indicated and most @entity1 are candidates for radio- or chemotherapy or both. The overall 5-year postoperative survival is 5.6% with 0% for N3 but 8.2% for T4 @entity1 , after extended resection as intrapericardial pneumonectomy, sleeve pneumonectomy, partial resection of the superior vena cava and miscellaneous partial resections. Postoperative radiotherapy may improve local control. For stage IV (any T any N M1) combined surgery can be effective for solitary adrenal or brain @entity3 . A reported 7.5% 5-year survival was mainly for intrapulmonary @entity3 , also considered as satellite nodules. Careful follow-up of @entity1 operated for @entity2 is necessary, as the incidence of metachronous @entity2 is as high as 10% for the long survivors. Reoperation with an economic but complete resection is the treatment of choice in the absence of @entity3 or other contraindications.

title: The present status of surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['N2 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Pancoast tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Obesity increases the risk of @entity204 from many @entity5 , including @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). In @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ), the most common form of @entity1893 , the association between body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis and survival is unclear. @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated the association between BMI at diagnosis and overall survival in a retrospective cohort of 2,534 United States veterans diagnosed with @entity1892 between October 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008. Cox modeling was used to control for @entity1 - and disease-related prognostic variables. RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 68 years (range, 20 to 100 years); 64% of @entity1 were overweight (BMI, 25 to < 30) or @entity28 (BMI, >=  30). @entity28 @entity1 were significantly younger, had significantly fewer B symptoms, and trended toward lower-stage disease, compared with other BMI groups. Cox analysis showed reduced mortality in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 (overweight: hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.83; @entity28 : HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.80), compared with normal-weight @entity1 (BMI, 18.5 to < 25). Treatment during the rituximab era reduced the risk of @entity204 without affecting the association between BMI and survival. Disease-related @entity353 occurred in 29% of @entity1 with weight data 1 year before diagnosis. Cox analysis based on @entity3752 year before diagnosis continued to demonstrate reduced risk of @entity204 in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Being overweight or @entity28 at the time of @entity1892 diagnosis is associated with improved overall survival. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for this association will require further study.

title: Increased body mass index is associated with improved survival in United States veterans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: 1. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and @entity308 (LTD) were investigated at synapses formed by pairs of monosynaptically connected @entity1251 pyramidal cells in @entity35 hippocampal slice cultures. 2. An @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor-mediated component of the unitary EPSP, elicited at the resting membrane potential in response to single action potentials in an individual @entity1251 cell, could be isolated pharmacologically. 3. Associative LTP was induced when single presynaptic action potentials were repeatedly paired with 240 ms postsynaptic depolarizing pulses that evoked five to twelve action potentials or with single postsynaptic action potentials evoked near the peak of the unitary EPSP. LTP induction was prevented by an @entity143 receptor antagonist. 4. Associative LTD was induced when single presynaptic action potentials were repeatedly elicited with a certain delay after either 240 ms postsynaptic depolarizing pulses or single postsynaptic action potentials. The time window within which presynaptic activity had to occur for LTD induction was dependent on the amount of postsynaptic depolarization. LTD was induced if single pre- and postsynaptic action potentials occurred synchronously. 5. Homosynaptic LTD was induced by 3 Hz tetanization of the presynaptic neuron for 3 min and was blocked by an @entity143 receptor antagonist. 6. Depotentiation was produced with stimulation protocols that elicit either homosynaptic or associative LTD. 7. Recurrent excitatory synapses between @entity1251 cells display associative potentiation and @entity308 . The sign of the change in synaptic strength is a function of the relative timing of pre- and postsynaptic action potentials.

title: Long-term synaptic plasticity between pairs of individual XXXX pyramidal cells in @entity35 hippocampal slice cultures.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1251 :: (54232(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA3']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the imaging characteristics of @entity879 at serial computed tomography (CT) and to assess if any CT findings have prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 40 @entity1 , 207 CT scans were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-four @entity1 had @entity879 (acute in seven and subacute in 27), and six had late-onset @entity1578 . Twenty-one @entity1 died of @entity1578 . CT was performed soon after the onset of @entity772 and repeated weekly. Liver volume was measured by tracing the hepatic contour and summing the areas to estimate whole-liver volume. RESULTS: Liver volumes in survivors (n = 19) and nonsurvivors (n = 21), respectively, were 1,090 cm3 +/- 300 and 830 cm3 +/- 240 at initial CT and 1,130 cm3 +/- 310 and 700 cm3 +/- 280 at last CT (P = .0001). III-defined hypoattenuating areas were noted in 20 @entity1 and were distributed in a solitary (n = 13), multiple (n = 6), or diffuse (n = 1) pattern. At follow-up CT, the area of hypoattenuation increased in six @entity1 (five nonsurvivors) and disappeared or markedly decreased in four survivors. An increase in or late occurrence of @entity843 was noted in 15 @entity1 (14 nonsurvivors, P = .0001). CONCLUSION: Liver volumes at the initial and last CT examinations and an increase in or late occurrence of @entity843 are useful prognostic findings.

title: XXXX : observation with serial CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['Fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: @entity245 is a serious social problem. It is often unrecognized and the phenotypes are inadequately studied. To investigate the phenotypes of @entity1 with aspecific @entity6220 (poor speech, maladaptive behavioral symptoms such as temper tantrums, @entity146 , poor concentration and attention, @entity23 , and @entity1032 ). SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : Three @entity1 (two male siblings, and one unrelated @entity1 ). METHODS: We used the results from clinical neurological evaluations; imaging and electrodiagnostic studies; metabolic and genetic tests; skin biopsies and bone mineral densitometry. All three @entity1 suffered from (A) @entity245 , and (C) identical skin defects. The skin ultrastructural abnormalities were abnormal keratin differentiation, consisting of @entity5656 and granular layer thickening; sweat gland abnormalities, consisting of focal, cytoplasmic clear changes in eccrine secretory cells; and @entity854 , with both morphological changes (reduced number and size without evident dendritic processes), and functional changes (defects in the migration of melanosomes in the keratinocytes). These @entity1 present a previously unrecognized syndrome. We retain useful to report this new association, to be recognized, in the next future, as a specific key-sign of a well-defined @entity74 .

title: XXXX , osteopenia and ectodermal defect: a new syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system (CNS) impairment']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Global developmental delay', 'global developmental delay, (B) osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsiveness']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['melanocyte abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['Global developmental delay']