abstract: BACKGROUND: Maintenance of liver-specific functions in hepatocyte cultures during plasma exposure is critical for the clinical application of bioartificial liver assist systems. @entity4958 is a common anticoagulant but has been shown to be cytotoxic to hepatocytes. We have tested the effect of various supplements on the viability and function of adult primary @entity35 hepatocytes exposed to citrated plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly isolated @entity35 hepatocytes were cultured in the collagen gel sandwich configuration in culture medium for 6 days followed by exposure to citrated @entity1 plasma with various supplements for 1 week. Controls were left in culture medium throughout. Viability and synthetic functions were evaluated. RESULTS: Hepatocytes exposed to unsupplemented citrated plasma lost significant viability and function within the first 2 days. Cells cultured in plasma supplemented with a fivefold concentrate of standard hepatocyte culture medium maintained @entity1133 (1. 2-2.1 micromol/day/10(6) cells) and albumin (51-62 microg/day/10(6) cells) synthesis rates equal to or higher than those of controls. Among the various components of the concentrated medium supplement, @entity12374 (1.8 mM), @entity2399 (0.8 mM), @entity1522 (fourfold Basal Medium Eagle @entity1522 including 4 mM @entity1160 ), and glucagon (14 ng/ml) were found to be essential in maintaining @entity1133 synthesis. Maintenance of a high albumin synthesis rate also required the addition of @entity701 (7.5 microg/ml) and insulin (0.5 U/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate metabolic and hormonal supplementation of citrated @entity1 plasma prevents its cytotoxic effects and may be used in conjunction with in vivo use of bioartificial liver assist systems.

title: Optimization of @entity35 hepatocyte culture in citrated XXXX plasma.

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We studied 26 @entity1 with both @entity4681 and @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ). Twenty-three @entity1 had definite or probable upper motor neuron signs; none had electrophysiologic evidence of @entity1897 . @entity1071 syndromes comprised Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 , @entity1582 , @entity1072 , follicular cell lymphoma, and @entity978 . In all but one @entity1 , the cause of disability or @entity204 was neurologic. @entity1071 was confined to bone marrow in 14 @entity1 ; eight of 14 had @entity1581 . One @entity1 had @entity1071 discovered at autopsy. Treatment of @entity1071 in 20 @entity1 resulted in neurologic improvement in 1 @entity1 and arrest in another; both had progressive @entity2057 . Eleven @entity1 were worse and 13 died. At least 30 cases have been reported from other centers, bringing the total to 56. Among the unusual reported concomitants were POEMS ( @entity305 , @entity7555 , @entity2744 , @entity1582 , and skin changes) syndrome of @entity1582 and @entity706 .

title: @entity1071 and XXXX : an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['LPD', 'lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal paraproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['angiotropic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['organomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['motor neuron disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Involvement of cervical spinal cord by @entity5850 and consequent cord compression is a rare presentation. As the organism is located in nose and throat, the face and jaw area is commonly affected. Involvement of cervical cord has been rarely recorded. We are reporting this case because of the rarity of area of the involvement and have reviewed literature. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old male with multiple discharging sinuses on the nape of neck and upper back for 7 years which resulted in @entity1745 and @entity508 . Tissue biopsy from the site of discharging sinuses revealed @entity5850 . @entity1 responded to the medical therapy with @entity114 and power in lower limbs was improved. The local lesion was also reduced. INTERVENTION: Medical therapy with @entity114 and surgical decompression forms the mainstay of treatment. CONCLUSION: A high degree of suspicion and demonstration of organism by biopsy or culture is essential for treatment. @entity114 is highly effective and should be given for long duration for optimal results.

title: XXXX of the neck causing cervical @entity1745 . 'A case report and review of literature'.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin', 'penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraperesis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cord compression']

answer: @entity5850 :: (MESH:D000196,Disease) :: ['Actinomycosis']


abstract: Aim. When determining therapeutic strategy, it is important to diagnose small intestinal lesions in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) precisely and to evaluate @entity33 as well as clinical remission in @entity30 . The purpose of this study was to compare findings from computed tomographic enteroclysis/enterography (CTE) with those from the mucosal surface and to determine whether the state of @entity33 can be determined by CTE. Materials and Methods. Of the @entity1 who underwent CTE for @entity30 , 39 @entity1 were examined whose mucosal findings could be confirmed by colonoscopy, capsule endoscopy, balloon endoscopy, or with the resected surgical specimens. Results. According to the CTE findings, @entity1 were determined to be in the active @entity30 group (n = 31) or inactive @entity30 group (n = 8). The proportion of previous surgery, clinical remission, @entity850 , and CDAI score all showed significant difference between groups. Mucosal findings showed an association with @entity1066 in 93.6% of active group @entity1 but in only 12.5% of inactive group @entity1 (P < 0.0001), whereas @entity33 was found in 62.5% of inactive group @entity1 but in only 3.2% of active group @entity1 (P < 0.0001). Conclusion. CTE appeared to be a useful diagnostic method for assessment of @entity33 in @entity30 .

title: Utility of computed tomographic enteroclysis/enterography for the assessment of XXXX in @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal healing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of its small size and unproblematic captivity behavior the marmoset monkey is an attractive New World primate model for early developmental questions. However, superovulation protocols used in Old World monkeys and @entity1 are not successful in the female marmoset. A novel protocol is needed to utilize these New World monkeys as an efficient animal model for in vitro fertilization experiments or embryo stem cell research. METHODS: To create such a protocol we first examined the effects of long-term estrous cycle control, secondly, in a dose-finding study, we determined the length of a down-regulation protocol with a gonadotropic releasing hormone ( @entity1176 )-antagonist. Twenty-nine female marmosets were grouped according to the number of estrous cycles, which had been controlled for a period of 12 months in which 88 cycles were monitored. Application of PGF2alpha in the mid-luteal phase led to immediate onset of the follicular phase. The blood @entity1420 concentration rapidly declined and increased again on day 9-11. RESULTS: The results show that the controlled ovarian cycle length and @entity1420 response are not altered by the number of PGF2alpha injections. The rapid decline was similar in all groups, indicating that all animals, independent of the number of controlled cycles, react equally to multiple PGF2alpha injections. To determine the proper dosage for a @entity1176 -antagonist ( @entity31806 ), 12 animals in three groups of four female marmosets were treated with two different dosages and a sham dosage. @entity31806 was applied in the mid-luteal phase, three times over 2 days. In both @entity31806 -treated animal groups the early @entity1420 levels matched those in the controls. In the low-dose treatment group [0.01 mg/100 g body weight (BW)] the expected @entity1420 rise on day 10 was delayed between 9 and 15 days whereas in the high-dose treatment group (0.1 mg/100 g BW) the @entity1420 rise was delayed between 21 and 41 days. In the low-dose group the steepness of the slope from day 20 onwards was almost identical to that of the control group. This was reflected in the bioCG levels measured. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the @entity1176 -antagonist studies, complete ovarian down-regulation in female marmosets can be achieved by applying a low-dose regimen, and intrinsic gonadotropins would not interfere with an ovarian superstimulation protocol.

title: XXXX -antagonist mediated down-regulation of the estrous cycle in marmosets.

entities_list: @entity31806 :: ('MESH:C062876', 'Chemical') :: ['Cetrorelix']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1176 :: (MESH:D007987,Chemical) :: ['GnRH']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, some studies suggested that antimicrobial prophylactics ( @entity860 ) are not needed to prevent @entity281 ( @entity281 ) for clean operations despite worldwide acceptance of @entity860 . However, appropriate use of @entity860 in urological surgery has not been fully studied. Herein, we report an attempt of gradual decrease of @entity860 to non-use of @entity860 in minimum incision endoscopic urological surgery (MEUS) of @entity703 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated 95 consecutive @entity1 who underwent 16 MEUS adrenalectomy and 79 MEUS radical and partial nephrectomy in our hospital. @entity1 were classified into the following three groups by means of prevention of @entity281 : the first step group received @entity869 / @entity5899 1.5 g i.v. 30 min before the operation; the second step group received a single 300 mg of @entity800 orally 60 min before the operation; and the third step group received no @entity860 . Clinical backgrounds and incidences of @entity281 were compared among these three groups. RESULTS: The first, second and third step groups consisted of 31, 36 and 28 @entity1 , respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among these groups in terms of clinical backgrounds including age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, National @entity580 Surveillance risk index, and type and length of operation. The first step group had one superficial @entity281 that healed without any non-specific treatment. None of the second and third step groups had superficial @entity281 . There was no case of deep surgical site or distant infection. CONCLUSION: @entity860 could be discarded in clean MEUS of @entity703 without increasing the incidence of @entity281 .

title: Absence of prophylactic antibiotics in minimum incision endoscopic urological surgery (MEUS) of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial Infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin sodium']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam sodium']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal and renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['adrenal and renal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess long-term safety and efficacy of intraocular ranibizumab injections in @entity1 with @entity1103 after @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ). DESIGN: Open-label extension trial of the 12-month Ranibizumab for the Treatment of Macular @entity4 following Branch @entity2994 : Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety (BRAVO) and Central @entity2994 Study: Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety (CRUISE) trials. @entity1 : We included 304 @entity1 who completed BRAVO and 304 @entity1 who completed CRUISE. METHODS: @entity1 were seen at least every 3 months and given an intraocular injection of 0.5 mg ranibizumab if they met prespecified retreatment criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were incidence and severity of ocular and nonocular adverse events (AEs). Key efficacy outcomes included mean change from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) letter score by Early Treatment @entity6 Study protocol and central foveal thickness. RESULTS: In @entity1 who completed month 12, the mean number of injections (excluding month 12 injection) in the sham/0.5-, 0.3/0.5-, and 0.5-mg groups was 2.0, 2.4, and 2.1 (branch @entity2994 ) and 2.9, 3.8, and 3.5 (central @entity2994 ), respectively. The incidence of study eye ocular @entity137 ( @entity137 ) and @entity137 potentially related to systemic @entity7 inhibition across treatment arms was 2% to 9% and 1% to 6%, respectively. The mean change from baseline BCVA letter score at month 12 in branch @entity2994 @entity1 was 0.9 (sham/0.5 mg), -2.3 (0.3/0.5 mg), and -0.7 (0.5 mg), respectively. The mean change from baseline BCVA at month 12 in central @entity2994 @entity1 was -4.2 (sham/0.5 mg), -5.2 (0.3/0.5 mg), and -4.1 (0.5 mg), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: No new safety events were identified with long-term use of ranibizumab; rates of @entity137 potentially related to treatment were consistent with prior ranibizumab trials. Reduced follow-up and fewer ranibizumab injections in the second year of treatment were associated with a decline in vision in central @entity2994 @entity1 , but vision in branch @entity2994 @entity1 remained stable. Results suggest that during the second year of ranibizumab treatment of @entity2994 @entity1 , follow-up and injections should be individualized and, on average, central @entity2994 @entity1 may require more frequent follow-up than every 3 months.

title: Ranibizumab for @entity1103 due to XXXX : long-term follow-up in the HORIZON trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['serious AEs', 'SAEs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'RVO', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute @entity2679 is common in @entity1319 . Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the gallbladder are involved in the regulation of gallbladder motility. The aim of this study was to explore the change of gallbladder ICCs in @entity14784 . METHODS: Thirty adult @entity840 were randomly divided into 3 groups: a sham-operated group (healthy controls) and 2 study groups. The animals in the study group were subjected to bile duct ligation and then to laparotomy and cholecystectomy at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. Immunohistochemistry, immunohistofluorescence, and laser confocal microscopy were performed to observe the shape, size, morphology, and density of gallbladder ICCs. Western blot and real-time PCR were performed to detect stem cell factor and c-kit protein and mRNA expression, respectively. RESULTS: There were no differences in the shape, size, and morphology of the gallbladder ICCs in the control and the two @entity14784 groups. Density of gallbladder ICCs, SCF level, and c-kit protein and mRNA expression all decreased in the @entity14784 groups. Further, SCF level and c-kit protein and mRNA expression decreased with progress of @entity14784 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Acute @entity2679 can decrease ICCs through repression of SCF and c-kit expression and that ICCs loss play a role in @entity14784 .

title: The Role of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Acute XXXX in @entity840 Gallbladder.

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder motility disorder']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholecystitis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['Cholecystitis']


abstract: The @entity20040 gene encodes an innate immunity receptor. @entity19 lacking @entity12428 (T5KO) develop insulin resistance and increased adiposity. Owing to the segregation of a dominant nonsense polymorphism ( @entity40539 , @entity40540 ), a portion of @entity1 lack @entity20040 function. We investigated whether the nonsense polymorphism influences @entity28 and susceptibility to @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). @entity40539 was genotyped in two cohorts from Saudi Arabia, a region where @entity28 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) are highly prevalent. The nonsense allele was found to protect from @entity28 (p(combined) = 0.0062; odds ratio, 0.51) and to associate with lower body mass index (BMI) (p(combined) = 0.0061); this allele also correlated with a reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines. A significant interaction was noted between @entity40540 and sex in affecting BMI (p(interaction) = 0.006), and stratification by gender revealed that the association is driven by females (p(combined) = 0.0016 and 0.0006 for @entity28 and BMI, respectively). The nonsense polymorphism also associated with BMI in nonobese @entity1 . After correction for BMI, the 392X allele was found to represent a risk factor for @entity2175 with a sex-specific effect (p(interaction) = 0.023) mediated by females (p = 0.021; odds ratio, 2.60). Fasting plasma @entity413 levels in nondiabetic individuals were also higher in @entity1 carrying the nonsense allele (p = 0.012). Thus, in contrast to T5KO @entity19 , loss of @entity1 @entity20040 function protects from @entity1017 , but in analogy to the animal model, the nonsense allele predisposes to @entity2175 . These effects are apparently sex-specific. Data in this study reinforce the hypothesis that @entity209 , including @entity2175 , are associated with @entity1200 .

title: A nonsense polymorphism ( XXXX ) in @entity20040 protects from @entity28 but predisposes to diabetes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity40539 :: (p|SUB|R|392|X,ProteinMutation) :: ['R392X']


abstract: In our animal experiments the hypothesis was tested that a @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) diet reduces @entity5 promotion by interruption of the enterohepatic circulation resulting in lowered @entity172 exposure of the @entity172 -sensitive tissue. In the first experiment the development of @entity7045 ( @entity7045 ) induced @entity5 was investigated. One group of @entity35 ( @entity2101 ) was fed a @entity2101 diet (11% fiber, based on @entity3505 bran), the other group (LF) fed a low-fiber diet (0.5% fiber, based on white @entity3505 flour). @entity5 incidence (90 and 80%, respectively) and latency (121 and 128 days, respectively) were similar in the @entity2101 and LF groups. Compared to the LF group, @entity2101 @entity35 had lower @entity5 weights (0.16 vs 0.55 g; P less than 0.01) and a slightly lower @entity5 multiplicity (1.8 vs 2.8 @entity5 per @entity5 -bearing @entity35 ). These differences were reduced after adjustment for body weight. In a second experiment @entity35 , not treated with the carcinogen, were kept on the same @entity2101 and LF diets. From these @entity35 24-h urine and feces and orbital blood samples were collected for analysis of (un)conjugated @entity172 . The excretion of both free and conjugated @entity172 in fecal samples was about 3-fold higher in @entity2101 @entity35 than in LF @entity35 . During the basal period of the cycle urinary excretion of @entity1815 was lower in @entity2101 @entity35 (mean 9.7 ng/day) than in LF @entity35 (mean 13.0 ng/day; P less than 0.05). It is concluded that @entity3505 bran interrupts the enterohepatic circulation of @entity172 , but plasma levels are not affected. Whether the development of @entity5 is reduced by the introduction of specific components of @entity3505 bran, or by a reduced body weight due to a lower (effective) energy intake remains to be determined.

title: Influence of XXXX bran on NMU-induced @entity5 development, plasma @entity172 levels and @entity172 excretion in female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['NMU', 'N-nitrosomethylurea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: There is a global epidemic of @entity28 , @entity209 , and @entity6 . @entity2690 resistance (IR) is etiologic for both @entity209 and @entity6 . IR induces a broad range of toxic systemic effects, including @entity2299 , @entity101 , @entity4854 , increased production of advanced glycosylation end products, increased inflammatory tone, as well as a prothrombotic and pro-oxidative state. @entity1 with IR are highly vulnerable to the development of accelerated @entity731 as well its clinical sequelae, including @entity453 and @entity583 , @entity2998 and @entity385 , peripheral @entity455 and @entity613 /lower extremity amputation, and coronary mortality. Among the most important risk factors @entity1 afflicted with IR develop is the so-called atherogenic lipid triad: large numbers of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles, @entity2298 , and low serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 . Though controversial, much recent evidence suggests that the formation of sdLDL particles in the setting of IR is an important metabolic transition. Some studies suggest that these smaller particles are more atherogenic than their larger, more buoyant counterparts. At least part of the explanation for the apparent augmented atherogenicity of small LDL particles is their reduced systemic clearance by the LDL receptor, increased vulnerability to oxidation rendering them more apt for scavenging by macrophages, and possible increased flux into the subendothelial space of arterial walls. Numerous small studies suggest that sdLDL is highly correlated with @entity65 . Cardiovascular medicine is in need of a large prospective, randomized study that would more definitively investigate the impact of small, dense LDL (sdLDL) on risk for @entity65 and whether therapeutic interventions designed to specifically reduce the burden of sdLDL are associated with reductions in @entity65 over and above that seen with LDL-C reduction per se.

title: XXXX resistance, small LDL particles, and risk for @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathologic variables that characterize response of @entity263 to current neoadjuvant therapy have not been characterized in detail. This study reports (i) the histological features of @entity263 treated with @entity17931 and @entity14164 and inter-pathologist variance in identifying these features, and (ii) the effect of the novel @entity342 deprivation agents on residual @entity5 volume. METHODS: We reviewed sections of prostatectomies from 37 @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant agents and 22 untreated @entity1 , tabulated the frequency of nine features of @entity5 (intact @entity5 glands, @entity5 cells, poorly formed glands, cribriform architecture, clear spaces, @entity3821 , solid sheets of @entity5 cells, prominent nucleoli, and previously described @entity22321 grouping) and two features of benign glands (prominent basal cells and coalescent corpora amylacea). We used several methods, including a novel metric (visual grid system), to estimate @entity41 volume. RESULTS: The most highly reproducible features were @entity22321 grouping (k   =   0.56-0.7), presence of @entity3821 (k   =   0.34-0.72), cribriform architecture (k   =   0.42-0.68), solid sheets of @entity5 cells (k   =   0.44-0.56), and coalescent corpora amylacea (k   =   0.4-0.54). Among poorly reproducible features were prominent nucleoli (k   =   0.03-0.11), clear spaces (k   =   0.05-0.07), and poorly formed @entity5 glands (k   =   0.02-0.1). @entity5 mass was excellent regardless of the method used-maximum @entity5 size (k   =   0.9-0.94), @entity5 area (k   =   0.94-0.96), and grid-based @entity5 cellularity (k   =   0.9). CONCLUSIONS: We propose using a set of parameters including maximum @entity5 size, @entity5 area/volume, cellularity, volume, and @entity22321 grouping for evaluating radical prostatectomies post-neoadjuvant therapy. Prostate.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: A novel system for estimating residual disease and pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17931 :: ('MESH:C089740', 'Chemical') :: ['abiraterone']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity14164 :: ('MESH:C540278', 'Chemical') :: ['enzalutamide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated cancer', 'Determination of tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present bladder sensory data of three common @entity1897 (e.g., distal, intermediate/focal, and proximal). METHODS: We measured first sensation (FS) and bladder capacity (BC) (not exceeding 600 ml) in 71 @entity1 with @entity1897 : 35 @entity3949 (D group), 6 post-pelvic surgery (S), and 27 @entity1971 due to @entity4720 (L). We excluded those with detrusor overactivity or low compliance that might affect bladder sensation. RESULTS: The mean FS was 301.7 ml (D), 271.3 ml (S), and 189.4 ml (L), with the largest being in the D group (P < 0.05); the mean BC was 495.2, 475.4, and 391.4 ml, with the largest being in the D group (P < 0.05); who commonly had less frequent toileting. The mean post-void residual volume was 106.5, 29.0, and 42.0 ml; the values tended to increase along with BC. In the D group, the mean FS in @entity1 with @entity272 as detected by pin prick and in those without it was 407.8 and 210.0 ml. The percentage of @entity1 with FS < 100 ml was 5.7%, 0%, and 7.4%, respectively, who commonly had urinary urgency and frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder sensation is affected in @entity3949 more severely than in intermediate/proximal lesions, together with somatic @entity132 . Bladder @entity132 leads to less frequent toileting, resulting in @entity1494 and large post-void residuals. A small proportion of @entity1 with @entity1897 develop urinary urgency, presumably reflecting irritation of the afferent nerve fibers or the urothelium.

title: Bladder sensation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder over-distension']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin hypoalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spondylosis']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']


abstract: @entity601 is defined as a low state of the conus medullaris below the lumbar vertebra 2 after the neonatal period. Possible causes are: short thickened filum terminale, fibrotic ligaments, @entity362 . The clinical course is characterised by @entity3481 , disturbances of balance, @entity1973 , @entity5109 and @entity615 . A 3-year-old @entity1 after operation of a lipomyelomeningocele at 2 months showed a one-sided leg shortening and a progressive @entity1494 and intestinal disturbance. The cause was a low state of the conus with a shortened filum terminale and a remainder of a @entity362 . A 7-year-old @entity1 after operation of a thoraco-lumbar meningomyelocele developed a progressive asymmetric paraspastic state with contractures. The neuro-radiological diagnosis of an intradural dermoid was verified on operation. A 10-year-old @entity1 after operation of a covered lumbosacral meningocele showed a progressive @entity615 which was connected with flexion. We found a low state of the conus through adhesions caused by scars which could be removed operatively. A collaborative treatment by the paediatric surgeon and the neuro-paediatrician of @entity1 with @entity132 can prevent the severe consequences of the tethered cord problems with the co-operation and early intervention of the neuropaediatric surgeon.

title: [The clinical problem of the XXXX --a report of 3 personal cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformities']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['dysraphic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'intradural lipomas']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder disturbances']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['motoric and sensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['backache']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Tethered cord syndrome']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['tethered cord syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study looked at the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BoTox-A) in @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) with @entity1282 due to isolated upper motor neuron (UMN) involvement or combined @entity528 ( @entity528 ) impairment associated with oral phase or oropharyngeal muscles involvement. Establishing whether different pathophysiologic mechanisms underlie different responses to BoTox-A treatment may have important implications for @entity1 management. @entity1 AND METHODS: We screened 35 @entity1 with @entity4572 with @entity1282 and included in the study 20 out of 35 with upper esophageal sphincter (UES) @entity2915 . We divided these 20 @entity1 into 2 groups, based on the presence or absence of @entity4681 . Irrespective of the groups, we treated all 20 @entity1 with BoTox-A injected into the UES. The study outcome was @entity1282 severity scored using the Penetration/Aspiration Scale (PAS), measured before and 2, 4, and 20 weeks after injection. RESULTS: Significant mean PAS reduction was noted at weeks 2 and 4. The botulinum-dependent PAS reduction was entirely associated with the variability shown by the group of @entity1 with no sign of @entity4681 (group 2) and was not observed in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: The significant improvement observed in @entity1 with isolated @entity1690 suggests that a different pathophysiology of @entity746 predisposes @entity1 to a different response to treatment with BoTox-A. This treatment may represent an alternative treatment to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) or prolong @entity970 -free time. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that botulinum is more effective at 2 and 4 weeks in improving @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity746 with @entity2915 without @entity528 involvement (vs those with @entity528 involvement).

title: XXXX pathophysiology: differential botulinum toxin response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4572 :: ('MESH:C566291', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic ALS']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['UES dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['LMN impairment']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['UES hyperactivity', 'hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', 'ALS dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['UMN/lower motor neuron', 'LMN']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['ALS dysphagia']


abstract: The levels of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms alpha and delta in @entity19 hair growth induced by @entity9973 ( @entity9974 )- @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ) were studied. BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized by 2% @entity9974 in @entity1324 on one side of their shaved backs and rechallenged with 0.1% @entity9974 on the same side weekly for 2 weeks. The opposite side treated with @entity1324 served as a control. Before each elicitation, @entity19 were shaved again in order to observe the hair growth that followed. Enhancement of hair growth on @entity9974 treated skin was observed in 94% of @entity19 after first elicitation and significant hair growth was shown in all @entity19 after second elicitation. No remarkable hair growth was seen on the control side. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that the level of skin @entity18335 on the @entity9974 treated side was decreased at 2 and 4 days after sensitization and returned to the control level after first elicitation. At 5 days after the second elicitation, a higher level of @entity18335 was detected. The level of @entity38623 remained at the control level and increased at 5 days after second elicitation. These results suggest that: 1) In the first week after sensitization, @entity18335 was down-regulated. This down-regulation may play a role in @entity9974 - @entity3408 induced hair growth; 2) after the elicitation, @entity18335 was over-expressed and this over-expression was roughly correlated with the enhancement of @entity19 hair growth, suggesting that over-expression of @entity18335 may also play a part in the proliferation of hair follicle cells; and 3) overexpression of @entity38623 after second elicitation may have an inhibitory effect on hair growth that keeps hair growth in balance.

title: The potential role of skin protein kinase C isoforms alpha and delta in XXXX hair growth induced by @entity9973 @entity3408 .

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity9973 :: ('MESH:C029402', 'Chemical') :: ['diphencyprone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether better health-related quality of life (HRQL) is achieved by initiating treatment of seasonal (ragweed) @entity7370 ( @entity2023 ) with a nasal @entity134 ( @entity5023 ) backed up by a nonsedating @entity16206 ( @entity9691 ) or whether it is better to start with the @entity16206 and add the nasal @entity134 when necessary. DESIGN: Randomized, nonblind, parallel-group management study during the 6 weeks of the ragweed pollen season in 1995. @entity1 : Sixty-one adults with ragweed pollen @entity2023 recruited from @entity1 who had participated in previous clinical studies and from those who responded to notices in the local media. SETTING: Southern Ontario. INTERVENTIONS: Nasal @entity134 group: 200 micrograms of @entity5023 nasal spray when needed (up to 400 micrograms/d) starting about 1 week before the ragweed pollen season and continued throughout, with 1 to 2 tablets of @entity9691 daily (maximum 120 mg/d) if needed. @entity16206 group: 1 60-mg tablet of @entity9691 when needed (maximum 120 mg/d) starting about 1 week before the ragweed pollen season and continued throughout, with 200-400 micrograms/d of @entity5023 nasal spray (maximum 400 micrograms/d) if needed. OUTCOME MEASURES: HRQL before, at the height of and toward the end of the ragweed pollen season; HRQL was measured using the @entity7370 Quality of Life Questionn  ire. RESULTS: Overall, HRQL tended to be better in the group of @entity1 whose first-line treatment was with @entity5023 (p = 0.052), but the difference between the 2 groups was small and not clinically important. Just over half (52% [16/31]) of the @entity1 in the @entity5023 group did not need additional help with @entity9691 , whereas only 13% (4/30) of those in the @entity9691 group did not need additional help with @entity5023 (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: There is little difference in the therapeutic benefit between the 2 approaches for the treatment of ragweed pollen @entity2023 . Therefore, the approach to treatment should be based on @entity1 preference, convenience and cost. Regardless of the treatment, at least 50% of @entity1 will need to take both types of medication in combination to control symptoms adequately.

title: First-line treatment of seasonal (ragweed) @entity7370 . A randomized management trial comparing a nasal XXXX spray and a nonsedating @entity16206 .

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['Antihistamine', 'antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['Rhinoconjunctivitis', 'rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The viral oncoprotein of @entity2235 , large T antigen (T-ag), is essential for viral replication and cellular transformation. To understand the mechanisms by which T-ag mediates its multifunctional properties, it is important to identify the cellular targets with which it interacts. A cellular protein of 73 kilodaltons ( @entity9486 ) which specifically associates with T-ag in @entity2235 -transformed BALB/c 3T3E cells has been identified. The binding of @entity9486 to T-ag was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation analyses using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for T-ag. The interaction of @entity9486 with T-ag was independent of T-ag complex formation with the cellular protein @entity876 . Partial V8 protease cleavage maps for @entity9486 and the cellular @entity1457 protein hsp70 were identical. Immunoblot analyses indicated that @entity9486 complexed to T-ag was antigenically related to hsp70. T-ag deletion mutants were constructed that remove internal, @entity1472 -terminal, and @entity1473 -terminal sequences. These mutants mapped the @entity9486 binding domain to the @entity1472 terminus of T-ag. The specific dissociation of @entity9486 from the @entity9486 /T-ag complex was mediated by @entity855 ; @entity3007 , @entity93 , and @entity856 were also utilized as substrates. These characteristics suggest that @entity9486 may be a member of the hsp70 family of @entity1457 proteins. The biologic significance of @entity9486 /T-ag complex formation has yet to be determined.

title: Association of a cellular XXXX protein with @entity2235 large T antigen in transformed cells.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: Angiogenesis is an important factor in the morphological progression and @entity3 of many solid @entity5 . We studied two homogeneous series of myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) and @entity243 ( @entity243 ), characterised by distinct vascular patterns and correlated the @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) with morphologic progression in both types of @entity242 . In our study, 43 cases of MFS and 42 cases of @entity243 were graded according to established diagnostic criteria. For evaluation of @entity2101 , representative sections were stained immunohistochemically for @entity2279 . After selection of "neovascular hot spots", @entity2101 was calculated by measuring the endothelial surface within twenty 200x fields in relation to the total analysed area. In addition to the correlation of @entity2101 with histological grades of @entity5 , a correlation of @entity2101 with the inflammatory infiltrate in MFS was done. To determine whether @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its receptors, @entity319 and @entity6758 , may play a role in the progression of both types of @entity242 , we used mRNA in situ hybridisation (ISH) to study @entity7 , @entity319 and @entity6758 expression in selected cases. In addition, the expression of @entity3499 , which has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis, and of collagen type I was studied using mRNA ISH. Cases of MFS varied histologically from hypocellular, mainly myxoid, @entity5 (low-grade malignant, 18 cases) to intermediate-grade malignant lesions with increased cellularity and mitotic activity (13 cases), and high-grade malignant cases with marked pleomorphism, high proliferative activity and areas of @entity39 in many cases (12 cases). Cases of purely low-grade @entity243 (16 cases) were characterised by low-cellularity, mucin pooling and plexiform vasculature. In combined @entity243 , these hypocellular areas were admixed with hypercellular, round cell areas (5-80% of the analysed @entity5 area; 23 cases), and in @entity2269 (three cases) rounded @entity5 cells predominated (>80% of the analysed @entity5 area). The average @entity2101 in intermediate and high-grade malignant MFS (4.03 and 4.09, respectively) was significantly higher than in low-grade malignant MFS (2.73). Correlation of vascularity with the inflammatory infiltrate in MFS showed increased @entity2101 only in cases with abundant neutrophils; most of these cases were high-grade malignant @entity5 . In contrast, no statistical correlation between morphological progression and @entity2101 was seen in @entity243 (6.08), @entity243 (6.57) and @entity2269 (4.07). @entity7 mRNA was expressed by @entity5 cells in all histological grades of MFS and @entity243 . @entity7 receptor mRNA was weakly expressed by endothelia of newly formed blood vessels in both entities. Interestingly, @entity5 cells of all analysed cases of MFS strongly expressed collagen type I and @entity3499 , while these proteins were not detected in @entity5 cells of @entity243 . In conclusion, morphologic @entity5 progression in MFS is associated with increased @entity2101 , whereas, in @entity243 , no such correlation is seen. Whereas @entity7 and @entity7 receptor mRNA were expressed in both entities, a characteristic expression profile of collagen type I and @entity3499 in MFS emerged. Further studies are necessary to correlate vascularity and clinical course in MFS and @entity243 .

title: The association between @entity5 progression and vascularity in myxofibrosarcoma and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity243 :: ('MESH:D018208', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid/round liposarcoma', 'MRLS', 'myxoid liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['round cell liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['IMD', 'intratumoral microvessel density']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2269 :: (MESH:D058405,Disease) :: ['myxoid/round cell liposarcoma']


abstract: Peripartum @entity296 (PPCM) is a @entity395 in which left @entity67 and symptoms of @entity712 occur in the peripartum period in previously healthy @entity1 . Incidence of PPCM ranges from 1 in 1300 to 1 in 15,000 pregnancies. The etiology of PPCM is unknown, but viral, autoimmune, and idiopathic causes may contribute. The diagnostic criteria are onset of @entity712 in the last month of pregnancy or in first 5 months postpartum, absence of determinable cause for @entity712 , and absence of a demonstrable @entity299 before the last month of pregnancy. Risk factors for PPCM include advanced maternal age, multiparity, African race, twinning, gestational @entity101 , and long-term tocolysis. The clinical presentation of @entity1 with PPCM is similar to that of @entity1 with @entity384 . Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are essential to optimize pregnancy outcome. Treatment is similar to medical therapy for other forms of @entity384 . About half the @entity1 of PPCM recover without complications. The prognosis is poor in @entity1 with persistent @entity296 . Persistence of disease after 6 months indicates irreversible @entity296 and portends worse survival.

title: Peripartum XXXX : a comprehensive review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Given the infrequent occurrence of @entity6383 @entity137 effects, few data are available about the presenting features and long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity6383 retinopathy, making it difficult to surmise the clinical course of @entity1 after cessation of drug treatment. OBJECTIVE: To report functional and structural findings of @entity6383 retinal @entity137 effects after drug therapy discontinuation. DESIGN: A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify @entity1 taking @entity6383 who were screened for @entity137 effects from January 1, 2009, through August 31, 2012, in the eye centers of Northwestern University and the University of Southern California. SETTING: Northwestern University Sorrel Rosin Eye Center, Chicago, Illinois, and the Doheny Eye Institute at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. @entity1 : Seven consecutive @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity6383 retinal @entity137 effects. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Retinal @entity137 effects. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 (1 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 55.9 years (age range, 25-74 years) developed retinal @entity137 effects after using @entity6383 for a mean of 10.4 years (range, 3-19 years). Fundus examination revealed macular pigmentary changes in all 7 @entity1 , corresponding to abnormal @entity3217 ( @entity3217 ). On spectral domain optical coherence tomography, there was outer retinal foveal resistance (preservation of the external limiting membrane and the photoreceptor layer) in 6 @entity1 . After drug therapy discontinuation, 5 @entity1 experienced outer retinal regeneration (3 subfoveally and 2 parafoveally), with associated functional visual improvement on static perimetry in 2 @entity1 . Over time, @entity3217 remained stable in 3 @entity1 , whereas the remaining @entity1 had a pattern of hypoautofluorescence that replaced areas of initial hyperautofluorescence (2 @entity1 ) and enlargement of the total area of abnormal @entity3217 (2 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Preservation of the external limiting membrane carries a positive prognostic value in @entity6383 @entity137 effects because it may be associated with regeneration of the photoreceptor layer and with potential functional visual improvement on static perimetry. The patterns of abnormal @entity3217 persist despite cessation of the medication, with enlargement of the total area of abnormal @entity3217 being the hallmark of severe @entity137 effects. Relative foveal resistance in @entity6383 @entity137 effects was supported by this case series. These findings emphasize the importance of early detection and the need for correlating clinical observations with multimodal imaging, particularly @entity3217 and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

title: Progression of @entity6383 XXXX effects after drug therapy cessation: new evidence from multimodal imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fundus autofluorescence', 'FAF']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of maximum-dose @entity3413 or @entity2993 in an ethnically diverse population was studied. METHODS: This retrospective analysis was conducted at a publicly funded teaching institution whose predominant @entity1 population consists of Hispanics and Asians. A computer-generated report was used to identify outpatients who received a prescription for maximum-dose @entity3413 or @entity2993 between January 1, 2002, and January 1, 2004. Data evaluated included demographic information; metabolic syndrome elements; @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk equivalents; clinical characteristics placing @entity1 at very high risk of having a @entity301 event; 10-year Framingham risk score; documentation of hepatotoxicity, @entity925 , @entity5442 , or @entity5925 during maximum-dose therapy; concomitant medication during maximumdose therapy; relevant laboratory test values; and physician response to biochemical abnormalities or adverse events associated with maximum-dose therapy. RESULTS: Of the 232 outpatients identified, 173 were eligible for study inclusion. A total of 135 @entity1 were classified as having a high or very-high risk of developing @entity301 (68 and 67, respectively). The success rates for low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 goal attainment by very-high-risk @entity1 and high-risk @entity1 were 19.4% and 44.1%, respectively. Thirteen @entity1 developed @entity925 . @entity493 transaminase levels were monitored for 38.8% of the study @entity1 . Approximately 9% of @entity1 were prescribed one interacting medication while on maximum-dose @entity3413 or @entity2993 . The most commonly prescribed interacting drug was gemfibrozil. CONCLUSION: Despite the use of maximum-dose @entity3413 or @entity2993 , target LDL @entity165 goals were not achieved and statin use was not adequately monitored in an ethnically diverse population with a high or very high risk of developing @entity301 .

title: Use of maximum-dose @entity3413 or XXXX in an ethnically diverse population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['Alanine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: In the United States there is currently a paucity of available real world minor rear crash data with struck vehicle delta-V, or speed change, less than or equal to 15 kilometers per hour. These data are essential as researchers attempt to define ' @entity7125 ' injury risk potential in these minor crashes. This study analyzed a new set of 105 U.S. minor rear aligned crashes between passenger vehicles. Mean struck vehicle delta-V and acceleration were 6.3 km/h (s.d. = 2.1 km/h) and 1.4 g (s.d. = 0.5 g), respectively. A total of 113 struck vehicle occupants were diagnosed within five weeks post-crash with 761 ICD-9-CM complaints and 427 @entity130 (99.5% @entity27235 ) attributed to the crashes. No striking @entity3675 . The main ICD-9-CM diagnoses were 40.6% cervical, 22.5% lumbar/sacral and 10.2% thoracic and the main @entity27235 diagnoses were 29.7% cervical, 23.2% lumbar/sacral and 14.3% thoracic. The diagnosis disparity was mainly due to coding for pre-existing degenerative diagnosis in ICD-9-CM. Degenerative spine conditions were not significant for increased @entity27235 injury risk. Surprisingly, many non-' @entity7125 ' diagnoses were found. The @entity130 diagnosis distribution and frequency in these minor delta-V crashes did not correspond with previous minor rear crash studies. A prospectively collected and unbiased minor rear crash databank in the model of CIREN or NASS is highly desirable to verify or refute these results for the U.S. population since the current study cohort may have been influenced by litigation.

title: Minor crashes and ' XXXX ' in the United States.

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['vehicle occupants reported complaints']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['AIS injury', 'AIS injuries']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash']


abstract: BACKGROUND: South Asians are susceptible to @entity65 ( @entity65 ), especially after migration to affluent countries. Contributing factors include high prevalence of @entity6 , and possibly insulin resistance. Excess @entity1386 centrally may underlie such metabolic disturbances. The thrifty genotype, thrifty phenotype, adipose tissue compartment and variable disease selection hypotheses are among the explanations posed. METHODS: Data from individual studies and review articles known to the authors were examined. A Medline bibliographic database search was also performed. Reference lists were reviewed to identify additional relevant data sources. Key references were examined by both authors. RESULTS: We propose, and evaluate, the evidence for a 'mitochondrial efficiency hypothesis' i.e. that ancestral changes in mitochondrial coupling efficiency enhanced the successful adaptation of South Asians to environmental stressors by maximizing the conversion of energy to @entity855 ( @entity855 ) rather than heat. This adaptation may be disadvantageous when South Asians are physically inactive and consume high-caloric diets. There is evidence that common mitochondrial mutations vary geographically. Mutations, including those affecting the function of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs), may influence the balance of energy and heat production. These may influence basal metabolic rate (BMR), energy efficiency, the tendency to gain weight and hence @entity209 . @entity1629 gene polymorphisms are related to differences in BMR between African-Americans and Europeans. Similar data for South Asians are lacking but the few studies comparing BMR indicate that South Asians have a lower BMR, which is explained by a lower lean body mass, and higher fat mass. Once adjusted for body composition, BMR is similar. A high fat mass, per se, is a strategy for reducing energy use while conserving body size. Indians in the USA had higher oxidative phosphorylation capacity than Northern European Americans. CONCLUSION: The evidence justifies full exploration of this mitochondrial efficiency hypothesis in South Asians, which may also be relevant to other warm-climate adapted populations.

title: Could mitochondrial efficiency explain the susceptibility to XXXX , @entity209 , @entity6 and @entity65 in South Asian populations?

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['adiposity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluate the association between high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) levels and physical and cognitive performance indicators in 85-year-old subjects. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A community-based study. @entity1 : 321 subjects enrolled in the Octabaix Study. METHODS: Functional status was determined using the @entity11104 ( @entity11104 ) and the Barthel Index (BI). Cognition was assessed using the modified Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC). We also measured risks related to nutrition and falls, as well as comorbidity and chronic drug prescription. HDL-C serum concentrations <40 mg/dl for @entity1 and <46 mg/dl for @entity1 were used as cut-off values to discriminate between normal and low HDL-C concentrations. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 197 @entity1 (61%) and 124 @entity1 . Mean HDL-C levels were 56.5    15 mg/dl, with gender differences being found (59.3    15 mg/dl in @entity1 vs. 52.1    13 mg/dl in @entity1 ; p<0.0001). Sixty-one subjects (19%) had low HDL-C values. HDL-C levels correlated with BI (r=0.11, p=0.04) and @entity11104 (r=0.17, p=0.002) scores, but not with MEC scores (r=0.08, p=0.13). Poor BI and @entity11104 scores, lower MEC scores, a risk of falls and @entity3147 , and polypharmacy were all associated with lower HDL-C values in the bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed only a significant association between normal HDL-C serum values and better BI scores (p<0.001, OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with higher levels of HDL-C had better functional and cognitive status, but after multivariate analysis this relationship only remained significant for functional status.

title: Serum high-density lipoprotein XXXX levels correlate well with functional but not with cognitive status in 85-year-old subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity11104 :: ('MESH:C536607', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'Lawton-Brody Index']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Access to potable water is grossly inadequate in Douala-Cameroon. The situation is worse in slum areas, compelling inhabitants to obtain water from sources of doubtful quality. This has contributed to frequent outbreaks of water-borne diseases particularly @entity3081 , which results in severe morbidity and mortality. Shallow wells are a major source of water in these areas. We analyzed the influence of some factors on the bacteriological quality of well water in Bepanda and New Bell, @entity3081 endemic localities in Douala to generate data that would serve as basis for strengthening of water and health policies. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered to inhabitants of study sites to appraise their hygiene and sanitation practices, and level of awareness of @entity66 . The bacteriological quality of water was determined by investigating bacterial indicators of water quality. Relationship between well characteristics and bacteriological quality of water was determined using      test. The Kendall tau_b nonparametric correlation was used to measure the strength of association between well characteristics and bacteriological parameters. Statistics were discussed at 95% confidence level. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was investigated by the Kirby-Bauer and broth dilution techniques. Multidrug resistant species were tested for extended b-lactamase production potential. RESULTS: Inhabitants demonstrated adequate knowledge of @entity66 but employed inappropriate method (table salt) for well disinfection. Well construction and location violated guidelines. Indicator bacterial counts greatly exceeded the WHO guidelines. Variation in bacteriologic parameters between sites was not significant (P > 0.05) since well characteristics and hygiene and sanitary practices were similar. Differences in bacteriologic quality with respect to state of well, and presence of molded casing and lid, and height of casing were not significant (P > 0.05). Well distance from sanitary structure negatively correlated with bacteriological characteristics indicating it could be a major contributory factor to poor water quality. Bacteria isolated were predominantly enteric organisms. @entity2177 was the most active agent. Extended b-lactamase producers were detected among Salmonella species, Citrobacter fruendii and @entity526 . CONCLUSION: Poor well location, construction, and hygiene and sanitary practices were among the factors affecting water quality. There is an urgent need for education of inhabitants on effective water disinfection strategies and for regular monitoring of wells.

title: Assessment of the relationship between bacteriological quality of dug-wells, hygiene behaviour and well characteristics in two XXXX endemic localities in Douala, Cameroon.

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['waterborne diseases']

answer: @entity3081 :: (MESH:D002771,Disease) :: ['cholera']


abstract: Complement-derived anaphylatoxin @entity2242 is a glycopolypeptide important in the regulation of @entity32 . Previously, we have shown that @entity2242 ( @entity2242 ) are constitutively expressed on @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) grown in culture. We have also shown that the expression of @entity2242 is increased upon exposure of HBECs to 5% @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ), and that this subtoxic dose of @entity1981 significantly enhances @entity2242 -stimulated interleukin (IL)-8 release. To determine the intracellular signaling pathway of @entity1981 + @entity2242 -mediated @entity687 release, we assayed @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activity of HBECs after exposing the cells to @entity1981 and/or @entity2242 . No increase in @entity7131 activity was observed when HBECs were treated with 50 nM @entity2242 for various times. However, @entity7131 activity was increased by 2- to 3-fold in HBECs stimulated with 5% @entity1981 for 1 h, as compared with cells incubated with medium only. No additional increase in @entity7131 was observed when HBECs were treated with @entity1981 and @entity2242 together. When HBECs were pretreated with the @entity7131 -specific inhibitor @entity11616 (1 microM), no @entity1981 -mediated @entity7131 activation was observed. We then correlated @entity7131 activation with @entity687 release in the same cells. Although HBECs required stimulation by both @entity1981 and @entity2242 to release maximal levels of @entity687 , preincubation of @entity1981 -stimulated HBECs with @entity11616 inhibited @entity687 release by @entity1981 + @entity2242 . These results suggest that @entity7131 activation by @entity1981 alone does not result in @entity687 release, but that @entity1981 -stimulated @entity7131 activation is required for @entity2242 -mediated @entity687 release from HBECs.

title: Protein kinase C activation is required for cigarette smoke-enhanced XXXX -mediated release of @entity687 in @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['CSE', 'cigarette smoke extract']

answer: @entity2242 :: (728,Gene) :: ['C5a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has frequently been suggested that individuals with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) have @entity227 . Studies of language integration have mostly used non-word syllables presented in congruent and incongruent AV combinations and demonstrated reduced influence of visual speech in individuals with @entity72 . The aim of our study was to test whether adolescents with high-functioning @entity2438 are able to integrate AV information of meaningful, phrase-length language in a task of onset asynchrony detection. METHODS: @entity1 were 25 adolescents with @entity72 and 25 @entity245 ( @entity245 ) controls. The stimuli were video clips of complete phrases using simple, commonly occurring words. The clips were digitally manipulated to have the video precede the corresponding audio by 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 video frames, a range of 0-500ms. @entity1 were shown the video clips in random order and asked to indicate whether each clip was in-synch or not. RESULTS: There were no differences between adolescents with @entity72 and their @entity245 peers in accuracy of onset asynchrony detection at any slip rate. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that adolescents with @entity72 are able to integrate auditory and visual components in a task of onset asynchrony detection using natural, phrase-length language stimuli. We propose that the meaningful nature of the language stimuli in combination with presentation in a non-distracting environment allowed adolescents with @entity72 to demonstrate preserved accuracy for bi-modal AV integration.

title: Slipped lips: onset asynchrony @entity227 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in auditory-visual (AV) sensory integration']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typically developing']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) and subsequent @entity2700 account for a large proportion of pediatric emergency department (PED) visits. Point-of-care (POC) testing has been used in conjunction with clinical assessment to determine the degree of @entity2700 . Despite the wide acceptance of POC testing, little formal cost-effective analysis of POC testing in the PED exists. We aim to examine the cost-effectiveness of using POC electrolyte testing vs traditional serum chemistry testing in the PED for @entity1 with @entity697 . METHODS: This was a cost-effective analysis using data from a randomized control trial of @entity1 with @entity697 . A decision analysis model was constructed to calculate cost-savings from the point of view of the payer and the provider. We used parameters obtained from the trial, including cost of testing, admission rates, cost of admission, and length of stay. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the stability of our model. RESULTS: Using the data set of 225 subjects, POC testing results in a cost savings of  303.30 per @entity1 compared with traditional serum testing from the point of the view of the payer. From the point-of-view of the provider, POC testing results in consistent mean savings of  36.32 ( 8.29- 64.35) per @entity1 . Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the stability of the model and consistent savings. CONCLUSIONS: This decision analysis provides evidence that POC testing in @entity1 with @entity1902 -related moderate @entity2700 results in significant cost savings from the points of view of payers and providers compared to traditional serum chemistry testing.

title: Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care testing for XXXX in the pediatric ED.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute gastroenteritis', 'AGE']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity2700 :: (MESH:D003681,Disease) :: ['dehydration']


abstract: PURPOSE: Percutaneous ablation of functioning @entity652 has been an alternative to videolaparoscopic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of functioning @entity5 using a computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous technique as demonstrated by our experience and the literature. METHODS: Eleven adult @entity1 (mean age 46 years) with a diagnosis of functioning @entity652 underwent CT-guided RFA between October 2011 and August 2012. All RFA procedures were performed using a needle electrode with a single lateral filament and the RITA(  ) 1500X radiofrequency generator. The RFA protocol consisted of two cycles of 5 min each with 1-min interval, with no additional ablation cycles. Contrast-enhanced CT scans were obtained and analyzed for immediate treatment success and possible complications. RESULTS: Maximum @entity5 dimension ranged from 1.2 to 3.4 cm. The mean procedure time was 74 min, and length of hospital stay ranged from 0.9 to 3.2 days (mean 1.8 days). One @entity1 had residual pneumothorax and one @entity1 had @entity5013 involving the T10 dermatome. Of 11 @entity1 , 10 recovered from their condition. Only one @entity1 remained with @entity1368 , but with reduced anti- @entity101 medication. CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided percutaneous RFA was a safe and effective treatment for functioning @entity652 , with short hospital length of stay and low complication rate.

title: Percutaneous ablation of functioning XXXX : a report on 11 cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma', 'adrenal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adrenal adenoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the gap between actual and desired ideal services for relatives post- @entity64 from three perspectives: relatives, @entity64 clients and health professionals. METHODS: A two-phase qualitative design and consisting of in-depth interviews (Phase 1) and 3 focus groups (Phase 2). The interview sample consisted of 25 relatives (mean age 53.4 (standard deviation 12.7); @entity1   =   21/25) and 16 individuals with a first @entity64 (mean age   =   55.7 (standard deviation 11.2); @entity1   =   7/16). The focus group sample size varied from 5 to 7 @entity1 . An interview guide validated by experts was used. Audio content was transcribed verbatim and rigorously analyzed by two team members. RESULTS: Services received by relatives are diversified, and relatives' perceptions range from receiving no services to being satisfied with services received. Even when @entity1 were satisfied, ideal services were still desired: they would have liked to receive services earlier and without having to seek. Four main factors emerged as influencing the amount and quality of services received, including the individual's ability to seek. CONCLUSIONS: A gap remains between actual and ideal services for relatives post- @entity64 . It is crucial to legitimized relatives' role as clients and to systematically assess the @entity1 's social environment in order to provide services in accordance with needs.

title: Actual and ideal services in acute care and rehabilitation for relatives post- XXXX from three perspectives: Relatives, @entity64 clients and health professionals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'participants']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Epithelioid @entity2695 , @entity8146 , and @entity5426 are well recognized histologic variants of endothelial @entity5 in @entity1 that in the past have been confused with @entity5 of epithelial or histiocytic origin. We describe 12 epithelioid endothelial @entity5 in 8 @entity235 , 3 @entity1641 , and 1 @entity291 that share microscopic features with these @entity5 in @entity1 . Ten @entity5 were located within the dermis and subcutis, 1 in the gastrocnemius tendon, and 1 in the skeletal muscle of the thigh. Key histologic features were the plump, epithelioid appearance of neoplastic endothelial cells and occasional cytoplasmic vacuolation, which rarely contained a single erythrocyte. Patterns of epithelioid endothelial cell growth ranged from conventional vasoformative structures to glandlike acini and short ducts to solid, sheetlike arrangements. All @entity5 were positive for endothelial markers: 12/12 (100%) were positive for @entity2880 factor with variable intensity and distribution and 9/9 (100%) were positive for CD31. All 12 were negative for cytokeratin. We subdivided these @entity5 into epithelioid @entity2695 (n = 3) and @entity5426 (n = 9) based on conventional morphologic criteria, growth pattern (invasive or not), and @entity3 (known in 1 case at the time of biopsy). Additional follow-up information obtained by a written questionnaire was available for 6/12 (50%) animals and revealed local recurrence in 3 animals (1 epithelioid @entity2695 and 2 epithelioid @entity5426 ) and regional @entity3 in 3 animals (all epithelioid @entity5426 ). This series represents a novel group of @entity5 in domestic animals of which there are only 3 previous cases reported in the veterinary literature.

title: Epithelioid variant of XXXX and @entity5426 in the @entity235 , @entity1641 , and @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiosarcomas', 'angiosarcomas', 'hemangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioendotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: We have empirically observed that @entity1 with @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) seem to have an increased incidence of @entity8 on computed tomography (CT). In order to evaluate this possible association, a retrospective cohort study was conducted comparing the incidence of @entity8 on CT scan in 100 @entity1 with @entity11557 to 100 @entity1 without @entity11557 (matched by age and gender). Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed to evaluate the association of @entity1028 and other risk factors with the presence of @entity8 . Of @entity1 with @entity1028 , 54% had @entity8 compared to only 30% in the control group (p = 0.0006, relative risk = 2.73). The @entity11557 group had a higher incidence of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 , 14% vs. 1%), @entity101 (76.6% vs. 46.5%), @entity453 (38.3% vs. 12%), and @entity1007 (41.5% vs. 9.1%) compared to the non- @entity11557 group. There was a significant linear correlation between @entity8 and @entity1030 (p = 0.011), the presence of @entity11557 (p = 0.0005), and age (p = 0.019), whereas @entity1007 (p = 0.059) and @entity6 (p = 0.063) approached significance. On multivariate analysis, there were three independent predictors of @entity8 : @entity1030 (p = 0.051), age (p = 0.01), and @entity11557 (p = 0.028). In conclusion, there is a significantly higher incidence of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity11557 compared to @entity1 without @entity11557 . To our knowledge, this association has not previously been reported. Future studies are needed to determine whether this correlation is the result of a commonality in the pathogenesis of @entity11557 and @entity8 .

title: Increased incidence of @entity8 in XXXX with @entity1028 : a common pathogenesis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is a cytotoxic T lymphocyte ( @entity405 )- and macrophage ( @entity469 )-predominant @entity102 of the conducting airways and alveoli. This is often associated with a @entity4795 , inflammation of small airways and destruction of tissue beyond the terminal bronchiolus, i.e. @entity2415 . In contrast, @entity565 is a helper T cell ( @entity404 ; type 2)-predominant @entity102 of the conducting airways in which there is T lymphocyte-derived gene expression for @entity3646 and @entity225 but not interferon gamma. There is fragility of airway surface epithelium, thickening of the reticular basement membrane, bronchial vessel congestion and (when severe) an increase in the mass of bronchial smooth muscle. This is usually (but not always) associated with tissue and peripheral blood @entity1712 rather than a @entity4795 and there is exudative plugging of the airways. These differences of inflammatory profile, remodelling and lung function are seen when smokers with @entity1030 are compared with non-smoking mild asthmatics. However there may be important similarities and overlap, particularly in more severe @entity565 when neutrophils predominate and in the older and or smoking asthmatic when reversibility of airflow is less obvious. We have recently demonstrated gene expression for @entity3646 and @entity225 in and around the mucus-secreting glands of airways resected from smokers without a history of @entity565 . Also exacerbations of @entity3617 may be associated with a tissue @entity1712 . On examination of bronchial biopsies from these @entity1 we show surprisingly strong gene expression for @entity3646 , @entity225 and even @entity1 eotaxin and @entity5737 (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted). Whilst @entity404 T lymphocytes of the Th2 phenotype might be expressing these cytokines in @entity3617 , @entity405 T lymphocytes are also capable of secreting @entity3646 and @entity225 . Viruses may modulate these changes in distinct lymphocyte functional phenotypes. The relevance and importance of @entity404 / @entity405 T lymphocyte ratio to the development of @entity1030 is discussed.

title: Lymphocytes, chronic XXXX and @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: Radiographs are of limited value in the diagnosis of @entity154 . Anatomic and technical factors affect the radiographic appearance of @entity79 . This study was undertaken in order to determine whether the radiographic appearance of @entity133 depends on their location, and particularly whether there are any differences in radiographic detection between bone defects located in the maxilla or the mandible, and on the buccal or lingual aspects of the @entity4067 . @entity79 were created in the @entity4067 of a skull. Standardized periapical radiographs were obtained before and after the defects were made. After processing, pairs of radiographs were randomly mounted. Five dentists acted as observers in order to determine whether or not a change in alveolar bone was detectable at each of the five possible locations. The unpaired t test was applied for the assessment of statistically significant differences with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and positive diagnostic value in the diagnosis of @entity79 depending on their location. The results showed that the anatomic location of a lesion in the alveolar bone affected its radiographic appearance. Moreover, experimental defects were detected more often in the mandible and on the lingual surfaces of the @entity4067 .

title: Radiographic appearance of XXXX in relation to their anatomic location.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['osseous defects']

entities_list: @entity4067 :: ('MESH:D017675', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar crest']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar osseous defects']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Experimental bone lesions', 'bone lesions']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['alveolar osseous defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the arousal effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of Baihui (GV 20), Shuigou (GV 26), etc. on severe @entity542 @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 90 cases of severe @entity542 were randomly allocated to routine medication, @entity1510 and EA groups, with 30 cases in each group. For @entity1 of the routine medication group, mild @entity2332 therapy, medicines for dehydration, hormonal therapy, @entity384 , cerebral nutrition supporting, anti- @entity32 , etc. were given. For @entity1 of the @entity1510 group, intravenous drip of @entity1510 0.4 mg/kg in the first 3 days, 0.2 mg/kg for 7 days and 0. 1 mg/kg afterwards. For @entity1 of the EA group, EA (1 Hz/50 Hz) was given for 30 min once daily. All the treatments were conducted once a day for 14 days. The Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were used for assessing the therapeutic effect. RESULTS: In comparison with pre-treatment in each one of the routine medication, @entity1510 and EA groups, GCS scores were all obviously increased in the 3 groups following the treatment, and one month's follow-up (P<0. 05). The GCS scores of both @entity1510 and EA groups were significantly higher than those of the routine medication group (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between the @entity1510 group and EA group in GCS scores (P>0. 05). According to the GOS, one month's follow-up showed that of the three 30 cases in the routine medication, @entity1510 and EA groups, 6, 12 and 14 were improved, 8, 10 and 10 moderate handicap, 8, 3 and 2 severe handicap, 5, 3 and 2 vegetative state, and 3, 2 and 2 dead, with the arousal rates being 46. 66% , 73. 33% and 80. 00%, respectively. The therapeutic effects of both @entity1510 and EA groups were significantly superior to those of the routine medication group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: EA intervention at early stage can promote the recovery of neurological function, accelerate the consciousness from @entity772 and improve the outcomes of @entity1 with severe @entity131 .

title: [Clinical observation on electroacupuncture for arousing consciousness of XXXX @entity1 with severe trauma brain injury].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dilation']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['craniocerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['comatose']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Permanent and acute reversible @entity451 following celiac @entity616 (CPB) have been reported. We report a case of prolonged reversible @entity1746 after @entity167 celiac @entity616 . CASE REPORT: A 72-year-old @entity1 with primary multicentric @entity788 and multiple hepatic metastases underwent @entity167 celiac plexus neurolysis for severe @entity490 radiating to the back. The @entity1 had complete @entity158 relief after the block but developed paresthesia of the left leg, which then spread to the right leg. Subsequently, loss of flexion and extension of the muscles supplying the left hip, knee, and foot developed. Deep tendon reflexes were brisk on the left compared to the right, and both plantar reflexes gave flexor responses. Magnetic resonance imaging and myelography were normal. Motor-evoked potential recordings showed a @entity602 with involvement of the pyramidal and spinothalamic tracts. Somatosensory-evoked potentials indicated a relative sparing of dorsal column pathways. Physiotherapy was started, the sensory changes gradually subsided, and the @entity1 was discharged 30 days after the block with clinically insignificant @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: Paraparesis following @entity167 celiac @entity616 may be reversible over an extended period of time.

title: A case of reversible @entity1746 following celiac XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesion']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plexus block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['plexus block']


abstract: Importance: The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity703 in the era of targeted therapy is uncertain. Objective: To establish the safety and efficacy of upfront @entity6219 therapy prior to cytoreductive nephrectomy in previously untreated @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Single-arm phase 2 study of 104 previously untreated @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 recruited between June 2008 and October 2012 at @entity5 treatment centers with access to nephrectomy services. The minimum follow-up was 30 months. Interventions: @entity1 received 12 to 14 weeks of preoperative @entity6219 therapy prior to planned cytoreductive nephrectomy and continued @entity6219 therapy after surgery. Treatment was stopped at disease progression. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was clinical benefit (using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1) prior to surgery (at 12-14 weeks). Secondary end points included surgical complications, progression-free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and biomarker analysis. Results: Of 104 @entity1 recruited, 100 @entity1 were assessable for clinical benefit prior to planned nephrectomy; 80 of 104 (76.9%) were @entity1 ; median [interquartile range] age, 64 [56-71] years). Overall, 84 of 100 (84% [95% CI, 75%-91%]) gained clinical benefit before planned nephrectomy. The median reduction in the size of the primary @entity5 was 14.4% (interquartile range, 1.4%-21.1%). No @entity1 were unable to undergo surgery as a result of local progression of disease. Nephrectomy was performed in 63 (61%) of @entity1 ; 14 (22%) reported surgical complications. The 2 most common reasons for not undergoing surgery were progression of disease (n   =   13) and @entity1 choice (n   =   9). There was 1 postoperative surgical @entity204 . The median PFS and @entity1349 for the whole cohort were 7.1 (95% CI, 6.0-9.2) and 22.7 (95% CI, 14.3-not estimable) months, respectively. @entity1 with MSKCC poor-risk disease or @entity74 prior to surgery had a poor outcome (median @entity1349 , 5.7 [95% CI, 2.6-10.8] and 3.9 [95% CI, 0.5-9.1] months, respectively). Surgical complications were observed in 14 (22%) of the nephrectomies. Biomarker analysis from sequential tissue samples revealed a decrease in @entity405 expression (20.00 vs 13.75; P   =   .05) and significant reduction in expression of @entity280 suppressor (100 vs 40; P   <   .001) and @entity1916 (300 vs 100; P   <   .001) and increased programmed cell @entity204 ligand 1 expression (0 vs 1.5; P   <   .001) in the immune component. No on-treatment biomarker correlated with response. Conclusions and Relevance: Nephrectomy after upfront @entity6219 therapy could be performed safely and was associated with good outcomes in @entity1 with intermediate-risk metastatic @entity1358 .

title: Safety and Efficacy of XXXX Therapy Prior to Planned Nephrectomy in Metastatic Clear Cell @entity703 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cancer']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau tumor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity6219 :: (MESH:C516667,Chemical) :: ['Pazopanib']


abstract: @entity530 is the most commonly recognized consequence of pelvi-perineal @entity4096 (PPVI). The implication of PPVI in the generation of varicoceles and varicose veins of the lower limbs arising from perineal varices has not been studied specifically. We report our duplex-Doppler findings in a series of 150 @entity1 seen over a period of 36 months. All @entity1 presented perineal varices and, more specifically, @entity2670 . Thirty @entity1 were retained for phlebography then treatment by embolization. All of the @entity43 were incontinent, the right utero-ovarian vein could not be explored in one @entity1 , and only three of the eight opacified veins were incontinent. Twenty-two @entity1 presented an associated @entity322 of the hypogastric branch (7 left, 15 bilateral). Embolization was performed on 29 @entity43 and one right vein with, as complementary treatment, embolization of 15 hypogastric branches, six during a second session. There were no serious complications. At six months (range 2-20 months), no improvement was noted in 10% of the @entity1 , symptoms had improved or the varices had diminished in 59%, and all symptoms had disappeared in 31%. A duplex-Doppler exploration should be performed to search for perineal involvement in all @entity1 presenting varicose veins of the lower limbs. The good preliminary results obtained after embolization of the pelvic veins, and particularly the left utero-ovarian vein, suggests this therapeutic approach should be pursued. The long-term effect should be assessed because of the plexiform nature of recurrent @entity66 .

title: [Pelvi-perineal XXXX and varicose veins of the lower limbs: duplex Doppler diagnosis and endoluminal treatment in thirty females].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['left utero-ovarian veins']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disorders']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic congestion']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['utero-ovarian venous reflux']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['venous insufficiency']


abstract: @entity1085 to the left side without situs @entity17316 is rare. These gallbladders are situated under the left lobe of the liver between Segment III and IV or on Segment III to the left of the falciform ligament. This is a report of a 50-year-old @entity1 who was admitted to our department with a history of @entity158 in her right upper abdomen. The physical examination showed tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen without a Murphy's sign. Abdominal ultrasonography showed gall @entity3226 without dilatation of the bile ducts. The @entity1 underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the French position and four ports positioned as usual. We discovered a @entity10584 located on the left of the round ligament. The gallbladder was excised as usual. Intraoperative cholangiogram showed neither dilatation of the bile ducts nor associated @entity154 of the biliary tree. The @entity1 was discharged on the first postoperative day. Because routine preoperative examinations may not detect the @entity154 , the latter may take surgeons by surprise during laparoscopy. Awareness of the unpredictable confluence of the cystic duct into the common bile duct and selective use of intraoperative cholangiography both contributed to the safe laparoscopic management of this unusual problem.

title: XXXX : an incidental finding on laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['Transposition of the gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder stones']

entities_list: @entity17316 :: ('MESH:D012857', 'Disease') :: ['inversus viscerum']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided gallbladder']

answer: @entity10584 :: (MESH:C537001,Disease) :: ['Left-sided gallbladder']