abstract: Aging is the main risk factor for @entity179 . In aging, microglia undergoes phenotypic changes compatible with their activation. Glial activation can lead to neuroinflammation, which is increasingly accepted as part of the pathogenesis of @entity179 , including @entity195 ( @entity195 ). We hypothesize that in aging, aberrant microglia activation leads to a deleterious environment and @entity179 . In aged @entity19 , microglia exhibit an increased expression of cytokines and an exacerbated @entity32 response to pathological changes. Whereas @entity558 increases @entity842 (NO) secretion in microglia from young @entity19 , induction of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) predominates in older @entity19 . Furthermore, there is accumulation of DNA oxidative damage in mitochondria of microglia during aging, and also an increased intracellular ROS production. Increased ROS activates the redox-sensitive nuclear factor kappa B, which promotes more neuroinflammation, and can be translated in functional deficits, such as @entity73 . Mitochondria-derived ROS and @entity19292 , are also necessary for the microglial cell production of @entity635 , a key @entity32 cytokine. Interestingly, whereas the regulatory cytokine @entity641 is also increased in the aged brain, neuroinflammation persists. Assessing this apparent contradiction, we have reported that @entity641 induction and activation of @entity3078 signaling after @entity32 stimulation are reduced in adult @entity19 . Other protective functions, such as phagocytosis, although observed in aged animals, become not inducible by @entity32 stimuli and @entity641 . Here, we discuss data suggesting that @entity2383 could at least partially mediate age-associated microglial cell changes, and, together with the impairment of the @entity641 - @entity3078 pathway, could result in the reduction of protective activation and the facilitation of cytotoxic activation of microglia, resulting in the promotion of @entity179 .

title: Microglial cell dysregulation in brain aging and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial and endolysosomal dysfunction']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegeneration']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity2951 on cellular responses evoked by @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and those by @entity6883 ( @entity855 ) were investigated in @entity35 phaeochromocytoma PC12 cells. 2. @entity2951 (1 to 30 microM) suppressed @entity935 release and the intracellular @entity141 increase evoked by 100 microM @entity1617 . The concentration-dependence of the @entity1617 -evoked release of @entity935 was not shifted but the maximal response was reduced by @entity2951 . @entity935 release evoked by 80 mM @entity4338 was also suppressed by @entity2951 (3 and 30 microM), but the extent of suppression was smaller than that of the @entity1617 -evoked release. 3. Under whole-cell voltage-clamp, @entity2951 (1 to 30 microM) reversibly inhibited the inward current activated by @entity1617 (30 to 300 microM). The inhibition exhibited dependence on the concentration of @entity1617 , and the current activated by a higher concentration of @entity1617 was less inhibited. Voltage-dependence of block by @entity2951 was not observed when it was tested either by applying a ramp pulse during the current activation by @entity1617 or by eliciting the current in cells held at various potentials. 4. High concentrations of @entity2951 (30 to 100 microM) enhanced the inward current as well as @entity935 release evoked by 30 microM @entity855 . 5. The results suggest that low concentrations of @entity2951 selectively antagonize responses mediated by nicotinic receptor-channels without affecting those mediated by purinoceptor-coupled channels. As the antagonism by @entity2951 of the @entity1617 -evoked responses was observed at concentrations as low as 1 microM, the influence on nicotinic receptors should be taken into account when this compound is used as a pharmacological tool to deplete neuropeptides.

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity2951 on XXXX -evoked responses in @entity35 phaeochromocytoma cells.

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Brief end-expiratory airway occlusions were performed in 22 preterm babies, 17 with and 5 without clinical @entity386 , and 4 full-term babies, 1 with @entity5599 . Airway stability was evaluated by comparing pressures measured simultaneously in the chest and nasal passages during occluded inspiratory efforts. The airway remained patent throughout all 301 trials in 20 babies during rapid-eye-movement (REM) and quiet sleep. Airway closure occurred during 31/102 trials in 6 babies (5 preterm and 1 term with @entity5599 ), more commonly in quiet than in REM sleep. Overall and within individuals, mean closing pressures were significantly lower than the mean maximum falls in airway pressure recorded during occlusions without closure. @entity27 was significantly more frequent in babies with airway closure than in those without (5.3 +/- 4.0 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.8 episodes/h). Pauses in breathing greater than or equal to 3 s occurred during 28% of occlusions in preterm @entity1 and 2% of occlusions in full-term babies. There was no significant difference between the mean frequency of pauses during occlusion and during the preceding control period or in the incidence of pauses in occlusions with vs. those without closure. It is concluded that the airway of most preterm and full-term babies is remarkably stable under load. Intermittent closure occurs in certain @entity1 and may be related to airway @entity121 .

title: Upper airway stability and @entity386 during nasal occlusion in newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5599 :: ('MESH:D010855', 'Disease') :: ['Pierre-Robin syndrome']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Mixed-obstructive and obstructive apnea']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity259 is the most common among all endocrine @entity5 . The worldwide prevalence of goitre in the general population is estimated at 4-7 percent and the incidence of @entity5 in goitrous thyroid is about ten percent. It is postulated that goitrous thyroid is a precursor lesion to the development of @entity1374 . As Sarawak is a state well known for @entity4759 , this study focused on establishing the incidence of @entity1374 among @entity4 . METHODS: This study was a hospital-based retrospective study on the archived collection of the surgically-removed thyroid specimens from the Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia. Cases were grouped into @entity5 groups. The @entity5 group included @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), @entity189 and @entity189 ( @entity189 ). RESULTS: A total of 820 thyroid cases which underwent surgical removal in years 2000 to 2004 were collected. Of these, 143 (17.4 percent) were male and 677 (82.6 percent) female. It was observed that the highest prevalence of @entity4 cases occurred in the age group 41-60 years while the lowest prevalence occurred in the age group under 21 years, 371 (45.2 percent) vs. 31 (3.8 percent). By ethnicity, the Ibans and Malays were found to have a higher prevalence at 275 (33.5 percent) and 196 (23.9 percent), respectively, while the lowest prevalence was observed in Indians, 11 (1.3 percent). 55 cases (6.7 percent) were found to be cancerous and the rest (93.3 percent) were non-cancerous @entity4 . Histologically, the highest incidence of @entity189 was @entity3557 (4.0 percent) and the lowest was @entity189 (0.2 percent). CONCLUSION: Based on our observations, although goitrous @entity4 is quite a common problem in Sarawak, @entity1374 is not a major issue. Among @entity1374 , @entity3557 is the most common histological type of @entity5 .

title: Incidence of XXXX among @entity1374 from the Sarawak General Hospital 2000-2004.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer and non-cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['goitrous thyroid swellings', 'thyroid swelling', 'thyroid swellings']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['PTC follicular variant, follicular carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'ANA', 'anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['endemic goitre']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy', 'malignant thyroid diseases', 'thyroid malignancies']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid malignancy']


abstract: Since the combination of @entity4967 with @entity798 is active against many otherwise resistant organisms that commonly affect @entity1 with @entity5 , a therapeutic trial with @entity4967 plus @entity798 for treating @entity281 in @entity5 @entity1 was conducted. A total of 127 evaluable @entity1 were treated with this antibiotic. Of these, 63 percent were @entity1 with @entity0 , 28 percent were @entity1 with @entity1778 , and the remainder were @entity1 with @entity242 and @entity2 . The median duration of therapy was 7.7 days. There were 63 documented @entity281 , with bacteriologic documentation in 39 episodes. Because of the high incidence of gram-positive @entity281 and after the failure of @entity4967 plus @entity798 in two of these episodes, @entity2176 was added to the regimen. The overall response rate was 75 percent. In microbiologically proved @entity281 , the response rate was 79 percent. Thirteen of 17 gram-negative @entity281 responded (76 percent), including four of four episodes caused by @entity796 . The only failures in this group were two episodes with @entity4005 species, one episode with @entity526 , and one episode with Enterobacter species. Of the gram-positive @entity281 treated without @entity2176 , five of eight (63 percent) responded and only two episodes due to @entity794 and one due to JK diphtheroid bacteria failed. All episodes treated with the combination of @entity4967 plus @entity798 and @entity2176 responded. Seven of eight (88 percent) polymicrobial @entity281 and 73 percent of those @entity281 without identified organisms responded as well. The overall response rates for @entity295 , @entity55 , soft tissue @entity281 , and @entity293 were 71, 50, 71, and 83 percent, respectively. Of five microbiologically proved superinfections, three were fungal, and one each was due to @entity4005 species and @entity794 . No @entity137 was observed. For 12 organisms, the minimal inhibitory concentration was lower for @entity4967 plus @entity798 than for @entity4967 alone; in six it was identical. Five organisms were resistant to both, and three that were resistant to @entity4967 were sensitive to @entity4967 plus @entity798 . @entity4967 plus @entity798 is a safe drug with an expanded spectrum of activity. More therapeutic trials need to be conducted to better define its role in the therapy of serious @entity281 in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: XXXX plus @entity798 in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate potassium', 'clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin disodium', 'ticarcillin', 'Ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity4967 :: (MESH:D013982,Chemical) :: ['Ticarcillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, the technique of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) mapping has been applied to @entity14 . One aim was to ultrastage @entity1 who were deemed node negative by routine pathologic processing but who went on to develop @entity262 . Such a group may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: With fully informed consent and ethical approval, 37 @entity1 with primary @entity14 and 3 @entity1 with large @entity652 were prospectively mapped. @entity12670 dye (1 to 2 mL) was injected around @entity5 within 5 to 10 minutes of resection. After gentle massage to recreate in vivo lymph flow, specimens were placed directly into @entity406 . During routine pathologic analysis, all nodes were bivalved, and blue-staining nodes were noted. These later underwent multilevel step sectioning with @entity1710 and @entity1711 and cytokeratin staining. RESULTS: SLNs were found in 39 of 40 @entity1 (98% sensitivity), with an average of 4.1 SLNs per @entity1 (range, 1-8). In 14 of 16 (88% specificity) @entity1 with nodal metastases on routine reporting, @entity1600 status was in accordance. Focused examination of SLNs identified occult @entity5 deposits in 6 (29%) of 21 node-negative @entity1 . No metastatic cells were found in SLNs draining the three @entity652 . CONCLUSIONS: The ability to identify SLNs after @entity406 fixation increases the ease and applicability of @entity1600 mapping in @entity14 . Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of this simple ex vivo method for establishing regional lymph node status were directly comparable to those in previously published reports.

title: Sentinel nodes are identifiable in XXXX -fixed specimens after surgeon-performed ex vivo @entity1600 mapping in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity12670 :: ('MESH:C025484', 'Chemical') :: ['Isosulfan blue']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: Blunt traumas of the abdomen and thorax are important clinical problems in pediatric ages. Severity of @entity130 may not always be compatible with the @entity1 ' clinical situation. A 2-year-old male @entity1 was admitted to our emergency clinic as a result of tractor crash accident. Physical examination of the @entity1 was normal. The abdominal and thoracic ultrasonography (USG) examination performed in the emergency clinic was normal. In thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan of the @entity1 , there was irregularity of the right diaphragmatic contour that was described as micro perforation-rupture (the free air was just in the perihepatic and retroperitoneal area, which was not passing through the abdomen). The @entity1 was followed-up for 1 week in the hospital with a diagnosis of retroperitoneal @entity397 . It is not appropriate to decide the severity of @entity130 in childhood on the basis of clinical findings. Although severe @entity130 and sustaining radiological examinations, the @entity1 ' clinical pictures may be surprisingly normal, as in our @entity1 . In such cases, there may not be any clinical symptom. CT scan examination must be preferred to USG for both primary diagnosis and follow-up of these @entity1 . According to the current literature, there is no reported case with retroperitoneal rupture of the diaphragm.

title: Asymptomatic XXXX with retroperitoneal opening as a result of @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['diaphragmatic rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of glycemic control on refraction in @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty newly diagnosed @entity6 @entity1 were included in this study. The random blood @entity413 , glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, fasting C-peptide and postprandial 2 h C-peptide levels were measured before treatment. The @entity1 with random blood @entity413 >=  12.0 mmol/L and HbA1c >=  10.0% were selected. Refraction, intraocular pressure, radius of the anterior corneal curvature, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, vitreous length, and axial length were measured on admission and at the end of week 1, 2, 3 and 4 during glycaemic control. RESULTS: A transient hyperopic change occurred in all the @entity1 receiving glycemic control with a mean maximum hyperopic changes of 1.6 D (0.50 D     3.20 D). There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of the maximum hyperopic changes and the HbA1c levels on admission (r = 0.84, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of the maximum hyperopic changes and the daily rate of blood @entity413 reduction over the first 7 days of the treatment (r = 0.53, P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the magnitude of the maximum hyperopic changes and the levels of random blood @entity413 on admission. No significant correlation was observed between the maximum hyperopic changes and fasting C-peptide or postprandial 2 h C-peptide. There were no significant correlations between the magnitude of the maximum hyperopic changes and age, blood press, body mass index, @entity412 , total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein. No significant changes were observed in the intraocular pressure, radius of the anterior corneal curvature, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, vitreous length and axial length during glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: Transient hyperopic changes occur after glycemic control in @entity6 @entity1 with severe hyperglycaemia. The degrees of transient @entity3467 are highly dependent on HbA1c levels before treatment and the rate of reduction of @entity413 level over the first 7 days of treatment. This is probably due to the decrease of refractive power by lens hydration, not morphological change of lens.

title: [The effects of glycemic control on ophthalmic refraction in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stochastic fluctuations in the protein turnover underlie the random emergence of neural precursor cells from initially homogenous cell population. If stochastic alteration of the levels in signal transduction networks is sufficient to spontaneously alter a phenotype, can it cause a @entity102 as well -- including @entity5 ? METHODS: Expression in >80 disease-free tissue environments was measured using Affymetrix microarray platform comprising 54675 probe-sets. Steps were taken to suppress the technical noise inherent to microarray experiment. Next, the integrated expression and expression variability data were aligned with the mechanistic data covering major @entity1 @entity102 . RESULTS: Measured as class average, variability of expression of disease associated genes measured in health was higher than variability of random genes for all chronic pathologies. Anti- @entity5 FDA approved targets were displaying much higher variability as a class compared to random genes. Same held for magnitude of gene expression. The genes known to participate in multiple @entity102 demonstrated the highest variability. Disease-related gene categories displayed on average more intricate regulation of biological function vs random reference, were enriched in adaptive and transient functions as well as positive feedback relationships. CONCLUSIONS: A possible causative link can be suggested between normal (healthy) state gene expression variation and inception of major @entity1 pathologies, including @entity5 . Study of variability profiles may lead to novel diagnostic methods, therapies and better drug target prioritization. The results of the study suggest the need to advance personalized therapy development.

title: Expression variation: its relevance to emergence of XXXX and to therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disorders', 'sporadic chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: This study concerns 60 hips in 57 @entity1 aged between 33 and 56 years with a follow-up of 30 to 44 years since the onset of the disease. The progress of the condition was assessed by objective and subjective clinical criteria and radiographic criteria including roundness of the head, head height, head cover, abnormal head shape and the presence of @entity4040 . The main prognostic feature was found to be the eventual shape of the femoral head. Normal heads (7 cases) and round heads with some flattening (20 cases) had few problems at the time of follow-up. Irregular heads (7 cases) and, most of all, very irregular heads (20 cases) progressed badly. @entity158 was common, often severe and the @entity1 were disabled. Fourteen of them had consulted a doctor and seven had already been treated surgically. @entity4040 as a consequence of @entity4713 seemed to be due to joint @entity1833 . We consider that the prognosis can be made at the end of the progressive phase of the disease, since remodelling plays no part in the roundness of the head. These findings indicate the need for care in recommending treatment in the residual phase of the disease and suggest that it is difficult to determine what surgical treatment should be considered in adult life.

title: [Long-term development of XXXX of the hip (Legg-Perthes-Calv  ). Apropos of 60 hips with a follow-up of more than 30 years].

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondritis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis', 'Arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['incongruence']

answer: @entity4713 :: (MESH:D010007,Disease) :: ['primary osteochondritis']


abstract: 1. The effects of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from @entity1 with @entity7235 on @entity141 currents in @entity1 motor nerve terminals are unknown. Therefore, we recorded these currents in phrenic nerves of @entity19 injected with serum from either LEMS @entity1 , @entity1737 @entity1 , or healthy control individuals. 2. In control preparations, the endplate currents induced by repetitive stimulation at > or = 20 Hz were @entity308 as expected. However, in the LEMS animals quantal content decreased and either @entity308 did not occur or synaptic facilitation occurred. 3. @entity141 currents were smaller in LEMS animals. At 0.5 Hz stimulation frequency, normalized @entity141 currents in LEMS animals were 57 +/- 14% of those in control. At higher frequencies, @entity141 currents become smaller in control but not in LEMS animals. 4. @entity141 currents in controls were unaffected by addition of @entity594 but were reduced by 37% upon addition of omega-conotoxin GVIA. In LEMS animals, however, the currents were @entity308 by 43% by @entity594 but were unaffected by omega-conotoxin GVIA. Thus, LEMS is associated with reduced @entity141 currents and a shift to @entity7236 sensitivity.

title: Decreased calcium currents in motor nerve terminals of XXXX with @entity7235 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity7235 :: ('MESH:D015624', 'Disease') :: ['Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) in @entity1 with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 and no prior @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) or sustained @entity1165 is an unsolved issue. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 106 consecutive @entity1 (62 @entity1 and 44 @entity1 ; age, 35.6  18 years) with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 who received an @entity737 based on 1 or more arrhythmic risk factors such as @entity1163 , nonsustained @entity1165 , @entity18892 , and inducibility at programmed ventricular stimulation. During follow-up of 58  35 months, 25 @entity1 (24%) had appropriate @entity737 interventions and 17 (16%) had shocks for life-threatening @entity2224 or @entity5069 . At 48 months, the actual survival rate was 100% compared with the @entity2224 / @entity5069 -free survival rate of 77% (log-rank P=0.01). @entity1163 significantly predicted any appropriate @entity737 interventions (hazard ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.83 to 4.67; P=0.013) and shocks for @entity2224 / @entity5069 (hazard ratio, 3.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 5.63; P=0.005). The positive predictive value of programmed ventricular stimulation was 35% for any appropriate @entity737 intervention and 20% for shocks for @entity2224 / @entity5069 , with a negative predictive value of 70% and 74%. None of the 27 asymptomatic @entity1 with isolated @entity18892 had appropriate @entity737 therapy. Twenty @entity1 (19%) had inappropriate @entity737 interventions, and 18 (17%) had device-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: One fourth of @entity1 with @entity4128 right @entity296 / @entity1141 and no prior sustained @entity1165 or @entity2224 had appropriate @entity737 interventions. @entity1163 was an important predictor of life-saving @entity737 intervention and is an indication for @entity737 . Prophylactic @entity737 may not be indicated in asymptomatic @entity1 because of their low arrhythmic risk regardless of @entity18892 and programmed ventricular stimulation findings. Programmed ventricular stimulation had a low predictive accuracy for @entity737 therapy.

title: Prophylactic implantable defibrillator in @entity1 with @entity4128 right @entity296 / XXXX and no prior @entity2224 or sustained @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncope']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity18892 :: ('MESH:C566172', 'Disease') :: ['familial sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5069 :: ('MESH:D054141', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular flutter']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: This study was designed to assess the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of oral @entity2380 given at 300 mg once weekly for two weeks in the treatment of @entity14937 . Enrolled into the study were 44 subjects with @entity14937 , provisionally confirmed by the detection of fungal hyphae in KOH wet mounts and Wood's lamp examination. Four subjects were classified as dropouts because no information was obtained from them after the baseline visit. Subjects were treated for two weeks orally with @entity2380 300 mg weekly and followed at the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 12th weeks of treatment. The study included 40 subjects (26 males and 14 females, mean age 29 years, range 19-48 years). At the week 4 visit, 30 (75%) @entity1 showed a complete cure and 31 (77.5%) @entity1 showed mycologic cure. Ten (25%) @entity1 had no significant response to therapy. At the final follow-up visit (week 12), none of the @entity1 showing complete or mycologic cures exhibited a recurrence. No adverse effects were observed in any of the @entity1 treated. We believe that, due to the low incidence of side effects, shorter treatment duration, and increased adaptation of the @entity1 , @entity2380 can be used in the treatment of @entity14937 with confidence.

title: Oral XXXX in the treatment of @entity14937 .

entities_list: @entity14937 :: ('MESH:D014010', 'Disease') :: ['tinea versicolor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: The clinical efficacy of the @entity20286 was investigated in 100 @entity1 with @entity717 . The study group consisted of 54 @entity1 and 46 @entity1 . Their ages ranged from 18 to 70 years, and their duration of illness varied from a few months to 36 years. Each @entity1 had a videotape of the movements and a neurological examination, before administration of the drug, at the time of maximum or effective dosage, and one week after withdrawal from @entity20286 . The drug was administered at an initial total daily dose of 2 mg and gradually increased to a total daily dose of 60 mg over a period of 4-6 weeks. Improvements were rated both clinically and from the videotapes. Three groups of @entity717 demonstrated a significant response to @entity20286 : (1) @entity3519 37%; tonic torticollis demonstrated a significantly better response than the clonic variant (80% vs. 22%). (2) @entity1021 movements of brainstem-cerebellar origin (palatal @entity2045 , @entity346 , @entity2103 ) 90%; (3) cerebellar tremor 75%. Among 32 responders, 17 (56%) continued taking @entity20286 beyond 24 months. Side effects consisted of @entity2133 , jitteriness, @entity3136 , @entity227 , and forgetfulness.

title: Treatment of @entity717 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dryness of the mouth']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['rhythmic-oscillatory']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial myokymia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['pendular nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity20286 :: ('MESH:D014282', 'Chemical') :: ['trihexyphenidyl']

answer: @entity20286 :: (MESH:D014282,Chemical) :: ['trihexyphenidyl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Giant omphaloceles present a unique challenge to pediatric surgeons because of the difficulty in obtaining timely, tension-free closure of tissues over the defect. Reports of the use of tissue expanders in the subcutaneous space, intramuscular space, or intraabdominal cavity have illustrated the usefulness of this technique to provide biologic closure of abdominal wall defects. However, these reports have focused on use of tissue expanders as a second-line treatment after other options, such as silastic silos or attempted primary closure, have failed. METHODS: We report 2 cases in which intraabdominal tissue expanders were used as a primary strategy to obtain closure of giant omphalocele defects. CASE REPORTS: The first @entity1 was a baby @entity1 born at 36 weeks by date who was prenatally diagnosed with a giant omphalocele. An intraabdominal tissue expander was placed at 2 weeks of age. The tissue expander was removed and his abdomen was primarily closed at 8 weeks of age. The second @entity1 was born at 25 weeks gestation as part of a twin gestation with severe @entity1592 (600 g birth weight). Bedside reduction was not attempted because of severe @entity120 and significant loss of abdominal domain because of herniated liver and bowel. At 8 months of age, she underwent laparoscopically assisted placement of an intraabdominal tissue expander. At 9 months of age, the tissue expander was removed, all abdominal viscera were reduced, and the defect was closed using only an 8 x 8-cm piece of AlloDerm (LifeCell, Branchburg, NJ). Both @entity1 are currently at home and doing well. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that early use of intraabdominal tissue expanders provides a more expedient method of obtaining closure of the defect in @entity14147 .

title: The use of intraabdominal tissue expanders as a primary strategy for closure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['giant omphaloceles']

answer: @entity14147 :: (MESH:D006554,Disease) :: ['giant omphaloceles']


abstract: Endogenous and exogenous circulating @entity1808 acts at one of the central circumventricular organs (CVOs), the subfornical organ (SFO), to modulate chronic blood pressure regulation. However, at the forebrain, another important CVO is the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the OVLT mediates the @entity101 or the @entity551 produced by chronic infusion of @entity1808 or @entity9886 ( @entity1809 antagonist), respectively. Six days after sham or OVLT electrolytic lesion, male @entity35 (280-320 g, n = 6 per group) were instrumented with intravenous catheters and radiotelemetric blood pressure transducers. Following another week of recovery, @entity35 were given 3 days of saline control infusion (7 ml/day) and were then infused with @entity1808 (10 ng  kg(-1)  min(-1)) or @entity9886 (10 mg  kg(-1)  day(-1)) for 10 days, followed by 3 recovery days. Twenty-four hour average measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were made during this protocol. Hydromineral balance (HB) responses were measured during the experimental protocol. By day 9 of @entity10340 II treatment, MAP had increased 16    4 mmHg in sham @entity35 but only 4    1 mmHg in OVLT lesioned @entity35 without changes in HR or HB. However, the @entity551 produced by 10 days of @entity9886 infusion was not modified in OVLT lesioned @entity35 . These results suggest that the OVLT might play an important role during elevation of plasma @entity1808 , facilitating increases of blood pressure but is not involved with baseline effects of endogenous @entity1808 .

title: Role of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis for the chronic cardiovascular effects produced by endogenous and exogenous @entity10340 II in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Reproduction in mammals is dependent upon the appropriate neurosecretion of @entity1176 ( @entity1176 ), yet the endogenous generation of activity underlying @entity1176 secretion remains poorly understood. We have demonstrated that the depolarizing afterpotential (DAP), which modulates bursting activity, is reduced in isolated @entity1176 neurons from aged animals. @entity460 -activated non-specific cation (CAN) channels contribute to the DAP in other vertebrate neurosecretory cells. We used the CAN channel blocker @entity22018 ( @entity6334 ) to examine the contribution of CAN channels to the DAP in @entity1176 neurons during aging. Recordings were performed on isolated fluorescent @entity1176 neurons from young, middle-aged and aged female @entity19 . @entity22018 inhibited spontaneous activity, but significantly increased the DAP in neurons from young and middle-aged animals. Apamin did not significantly potentiate the DAP, but did reduce the effects of FFA, suggesting that the increased DAP is partially due to blockade of apamin-sensitive SK channels. @entity22018 increased the current underlying the DAP (I( @entity857 )) and decreased the preceding fast outward current (I(OUT)) at all ages. These current responses were not affected by apamin, but @entity1041 evoked similar changes. Thus, a @entity972 current, likely mediated through BK channels, contributes to the fast AHP and appears to offset the DAP; this current is sensitive to FFA, but insensitive to age. The effect of FFA on the DAP, but not I( @entity857 ), is diminished in aged animals, possibly reflecting an age-related modulation of the apamin-sensitive SK channel. Future studies will examine the expression of SK channels during the aging process in @entity1176 neurons.

title: XXXX modulates multiple currents in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity22018 :: ('MESH:D005439', 'Chemical') :: ['flufenamic acid', 'Flufenamic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRH', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity22018 :: (MESH:D005439,Chemical) :: ['Flufenamic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity521 is a malignant paediatric @entity5 of the sympathetic nervous system. Roughly half of these @entity5 regress spontaneously or are cured by limited therapy. By contrast, high-risk @entity521 have an unfavourable clinical course despite intensive multimodal treatment, and their molecular basis has remained largely elusive. Here we have performed whole-genome sequencing of 56 @entity521 (high-risk, n = 39; low-risk, n = 17) and discovered recurrent genomic rearrangements affecting a chromosomal region at 5p15.33 proximal of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene ( @entity2215 ). These rearrangements occurred only in high-risk @entity521 (12/39, 31%) in a mutually exclusive fashion with @entity4180 amplifications and @entity8171 mutations, which are known genetic events in this @entity5 type. In an extended case series (n = 217), @entity2215 rearrangements defined a subgroup of high-risk @entity5 with particularly poor outcome. Despite a large structural diversity of these rearrangements, they all induced massive transcriptional upregulation of @entity2215 . In the remaining high-risk @entity5 , @entity2215 expression was also elevated in @entity4180 -amplified @entity5 , whereas alternative lengthening of telomeres was present in @entity521 without @entity2215 or @entity4180 alterations, suggesting that telomere lengthening represents a central mechanism defining this subtype. The 5p15.33 rearrangements juxtapose the @entity2215 coding sequence to strong enhancer elements, resulting in massive chromatin remodelling and DNA methylation of the affected region. Supporting a functional role of @entity2215 , @entity521 cell lines bearing rearrangements or amplified @entity4180 exhibited both upregulated @entity2215 expression and enzymatic telomerase activity. In summary, our findings show that remodelling of the genomic context abrogates transcriptional silencing of @entity2215 in high-risk @entity521 and places telomerase activation in the centre of transformation in a large fraction of these @entity5 .

title: Telomerase activation by genomic rearrangements in high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas', 'neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: @entity11 are currently treated with @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ), but often exhibit resistance to this agent. @entity5439 (+) @entity5 stem cells, a population believed to contribute to the @entity5 's chemoresistance, bear the activation of Notch and Sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) pathways. In this study, we examined whether inhibition of both pathways enhances the efficacy of @entity2904 monotherapy in the context of @entity11 stem cells. Transcriptional analysis of Notch and @entity4851 pathways in @entity5439 (+)-enriched @entity11 cell populations showed the activity of these pathways. @entity5439 (+) cells were less susceptible to @entity2904 treatment than the unsorted @entity11 counterparts. Interestingly, Notch and @entity4851 pathway transcriptional activity in @entity5439 (+) @entity11 cells was further enhanced by @entity2904 exposure, which led to @entity125 , @entity4883 , and @entity8889 upregulation (6.64-, 3.73-, and 2.79-fold, respectively) and @entity1182 downregulation (4.22-fold). The therapeutic effect of @entity2904 was enhanced by Notch and @entity4851 pathway pharmacological antagonism with GSI-1 and @entity5050 . More importantly, simultaneous treatment involving @entity2904 with both of these compounds led to a significant increase in @entity5439 (+) @entity137 than treatment with any of these agents alone (P < 0.05). In conclusion, @entity5439 (+) @entity11 cells overexpress genes involved in Notch and @entity4851 pathways. These pathways contribute to the chemoresistant phenotype of @entity5439 (+) @entity11 cells, as their antagonism leads to an additive effect when used in combination with @entity2904 .

title: Inhibition of Sonic hedgehog and Notch pathways enhances sensitivity of @entity5439 (+) @entity11 stem cells to XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['glioma cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5050 :: ('MESH:C000541', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopamine']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: The acute @entity137 of @entity17446 , an insecticide and nematicide, has been evaluated to establish proper handling guides. The material is highly toxic when given as a single oral dose; its LD50 is in fasted @entity35 2.5 to 3.1 mg/kg, 2.3 to 3.3 mg/kg in fasted @entity19 , and 7 mg/kg in @entity840 . A @entity235 given 30 mg/kg died, while 15 mg/kg was not lethal. In all species, clinical signs of cholinesterase inhibition (lacrimation, salivation, @entity400 ) were observed. Cholinesterase activity was depressed in @entity35 treated with a single oral dose. @entity3897 , when given immediately after @entity17446 , was antidotal. When given by intraperitoneal injection, @entity17446 was highly toxic to @entity35 , @entity19 , and @entity840 . The material is a mild eye irritant with the reaction limited to the conjunctiva and iris, but systemic absorption via eye contact makes use of protective equipment essential. @entity17446 produces mild skin irritation and the dermal absorption @entity137 in @entity35 (LD50 is greater than 1,200 mg/kg) and @entity95 (740 mg/kg) is relatively high suggesting limited absorption. No sensitization was produced when tested in @entity840 . @entity17446 is highly toxic via inhalation with the 1-hr LC50 value in @entity35 being 0.17 mg/liter (male) and 0.12 mg/liter (female). The corresponding 4-hr value is 0.064 mg/liter for male @entity35 which indicates that concentration X time is a constant through the time periods tested. Repeated-dose studies, orally in @entity35 and dermally in @entity95 , showed @entity17446 to be noncumulative, with the target system being the nervous system mediated through cholinesterase inhibition. No specific tissue or organ pathology was seen in either species tested.

title: Acute @entity137 studies with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17446 :: ('MESH:C011960', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxamyl', 'oxamyl']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

answer: @entity17446 :: (MESH:C011960,Chemical) :: ['oxamyl']


abstract: @entity952 may result in sleep problems, oxidative stress and an altered inflammatory response. These symptoms may contribute to @entity1726 pathogenesis, despite a lack of direct experimental evidence supporting this relationship. Clock genes are essential to drive and maintain circadian rhythm. To elucidate the possible role of circadian disruptions in @entity1726 , we investigated 132 tag variants in eight clock genes. We genotyped these tags within 1,394 Chinese cases and 1,342 controls using Illumina GoldenGate chips. We discovered that SNPs in @entity8713 ( @entity8714 , P   =   3.33   *   10(-5), OR   =   0.80) and @entity307 ( @entity8715 , P   =   5.30   *   10(-6), OR   =   1.31) genes are significantly associated with @entity1726 risk. Moreover, the positive association of the @entity8713 @entity8714 variant was more robust in @entity400 ( @entity400 ) (P   =   3.44   *   10(-4)) than postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) cases (P   =   6.06   *   10(-2)). The association of the @entity307 @entity8715 variant was more robust in PIGD (P   =   5.42   *   10(-5)) than @entity400 cases (P   =   4.2   *   10(-2)). Haplotype analysis also showed that @entity8713 and @entity307 were associated with @entity1726 . Imputation analysis identified more SNPs within @entity8713 and @entity307 associated with @entity1726 , some of which may affect gene expression through altering the transcription factor binding site. In summary, our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in @entity8713 and @entity307 genes, as well as circadian disruptions, may contribute to @entity1726 pathogenesis.

title: Association of XXXX and @entity307 genes with Parkinson's disease: a case-control study of Han Chinese.

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['tremor dominant', 'TD']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['Circadian disruptions']

answer: @entity8713 :: (406,Gene) :: ['ARNTL']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ' low adherence to @entity507 -based combination therapy has been reported in areas of Kenya bordering the Lake Victoria region, where the burden of @entity311 remains high. A randomized controlled trial is underway to determine the efficacy of @entity851 ( @entity851 ) text reminders on adherence to @entity15280 - @entity15281 and post-treatment review of @entity1 under the age of five. This paper reports on the iterative process of intervention and delivery system development. METHODS: An intervention development workshop involving the research team and other stakeholders was held to determine the content of the text messages. Three focus group discussions were conducted to test caregivers' understanding of the messages developed during the workshop. The tested messages were refined and incorporated into an automated @entity851 distribution system and piloted with 20 caregivers drawn from facilities neighbouring the study sites. The automated @entity851 distribution system was repeatedly refined following the pilot and implemented at the start of the trial. RESULTS: The content of @entity851 messages underwent major revisions following the focus group discussions. Technical terms and abbreviations were replaced with simplified general terms. Message sign-off was modified to reflect the name of health facility, removing references to health workers. Day 3 post-treatment review visit reminder was modified to state the purpose of the visit while wording 'day 28' was added to the last post-treatment review visit reminder to help the caregiver recall the appointment date. The unscheduled visit prompt was modified to reflect flexibility and practicality of taking the @entity1 back to the facility if unwell. Reception of @entity851 reminders during the pilot was low with only 169/240 (70%) of scheduled messages delivered to the caregivers. The automated distribution system underwent major refinement and repeated testing following the pilot until effective delivery of all scheduled messages was achieved and sustained over a period of 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Text message interventions should be carefully developed, tested and refined before implementation to ensure they are written in the most appropriate way for their target population. @entity851 distribution systems should be rigorously tested to ensure efficient delivery of the messages before they are deployed.

title: Development of a text-messaging intervention to improve treatment adherence and post-treatment review of XXXX with uncomplicated @entity311 in western Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity15281 :: ('MESH:C102070', 'Chemical') :: ['lumefantrine']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short message service', 'SMS']

entities_list: @entity15280 :: ('MESH:C032942', 'Chemical') :: ['artemether']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity2909 represent one of the most common benign neoplasms of the small intestine. Most of these are asymptomatic and are found incidentally at surgery or autopsy; however, @entity2909 may present with prominent signs and symptoms. Bleeding is the most common clinical problem and is occasionally life-threatening. We report the case of a 90-yr-old @entity1 who presented with @entity548 that became massive within hours, necessitating blood transfusion. An arteriogram revealed significant @entity548 from the jejunal branch of the superior mesenteric artery (thought to be @entity2758 ). @entity1416 was performed, followed after 36 h by therapeutic laparoscopy. The area of @entity63 bowel was identified, and a 4.5-cm extraluminal jejunal mass was resected. Pathological examination confirmed a tissue diagnosis of @entity2909 . Our Med-Line search revealed very few cases of @entity2909 that had presented initially as massive @entity548 . There were no cases of @entity887 followed by therapeutic laparoscopy.

title: XXXX : a new approach.

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'Leiomyomas', 'jejunal leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Bleeding jejunal leiomyoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increase in serious adverse events with both regular @entity6410 and regular @entity10453 in chronic @entity565 has been demonstrated in previous Cochrane reviews. OBJECTIVES: We set out to compare the risks of mortality and non-fatal serious adverse events in trials which have randomised @entity1 with chronic @entity565 to regular @entity6410 versus regular @entity10453 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Trials were identified using the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register of trials. Manufacturers' web sites of clinical trial registers were checked for unpublished trial data and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) submissions in relation to @entity6410 and @entity10453 were also checked. The date of the most recent search was January 2009. SELECTION CRITERIA: Controlled parallel design clinical trials on @entity1 of any age and severity of @entity565 were included if they randomised @entity1 to treatment with regular @entity6410 versus regular @entity10453 (without randomised inhaled corticosteroids), and were of at least 12 weeks duration. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected trials for inclusion in the review and extracted outcome data. Unpublished data on mortality and serious adverse events were sought from the sponsors and authors. MAIN RESULTS: Four studies were included in the review (involving 1116 adults and 156 @entity1 ). All studies were open label and recruited @entity1 who were already taking inhaled corticosteroids for their @entity565 , and all studies contributed data on serious adverse events. All studies compared @entity6410 12 mug versus @entity10453 50 mug twice daily. The adult studies were all comparing Foradil Aerolizer with Serevent Diskus, and the @entity1 's study compared Oxis Turbohaler to Serevent Accuhaler. There was only one death in an adult (which was unrelated to @entity565 ), and none in @entity1 , and there were no significant differences in non-fatal serious adverse events comparing @entity6410 to @entity10453 in adults (Peto OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.28), or @entity1 (Peto OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.06 to 15.33). Over a six month period in studies involving adults that contributed to this analysis the percentage with serious adverse events were 5.1% for @entity6410 and 6.4% for @entity10453 ; and over a 3 month period the percentage of @entity1 with serious adverse events were 1.3% for @entity6410 , and 1.3% for @entity10453 . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Four studies have been identified comparing regular @entity6410 to regular @entity10453 (without randomised inhaled corticosteroids, but all subjects were on regular background inhaled @entity288 ). The events were infrequent and consequently too few @entity1 have been studied to allow any firm conclusions to be drawn about the relative safety of @entity6410 and @entity10453 . Asthma-related serious adverse events were rare, and there were no reported @entity565 -related @entity204 .

title: Regular treatment with XXXX versus regular treatment with @entity10453 for chronic @entity565 : serious adverse events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity6410 :: (MESH:C012629,Chemical) :: ['formoterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adult @entity28 is associated with the @entity209 ; however, the prevalence of the @entity209 among young @entity1 has not been reported. Clinic-based screening efforts for the @entity209 in @entity258 , where @entity28 is prevalent, are limited by minimal health insurance coverage and inadequate access to health care. School-based @entity28 screening programs may effectively target high-risk populations. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe the prevalence of overweight and features of the @entity209 (defined as the presence of > or =3 of the following risk factors: HDL < or = 40 mg/dL, @entity1674 > or = 110 mg/dL, and blood pressure or waist circumference at or above the 90th percentile) in a pilot, school-based screening program. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of @entity28 and the @entity209 was conducted in third- to sixth-grade, @entity258 , urban, African American @entity1 . Lipid and @entity413 concentrations were measured in fasting capillary finger-stick samples. RESULTS: Age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles were assessed in 385 students, 90 of whom were full @entity1 in this study ( @entity1 ) and 295 of whom had only height and weight measurements taken (other students). Risk factors of the @entity209 were assessed in the 90 @entity1 (23%). No significant differences in BMI percentiles were found between the @entity1 and the other students. Overall, 44% of the @entity1 had BMIs at or above the 85th percentile, and 59% had an elevated BMI or one @entity209 risk factor. The @entity209 was present in 5.6% of all @entity1 , in 13.8% of @entity1 with BMIs at or above the 95th percentile, and in 0% of @entity1 with BMIs below the 95th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the African American @entity1 attending 2 urban schools in @entity258 were overweight or had one or more risk factors for the @entity209 . School-based screening programs in high-risk populations may provide an efficient venue for the screening of @entity28 and related risk factors.

title: XXXX and risk factors for the @entity209 among @entity258 , urban, African American schoolchildren: the rule rather than the exception?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income neighborhoods', 'low-income']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: Psoriasis affects approximately 2 percent of the population. Approximately 30-45 percent of those affected first experience symptoms during childhood or adolescence. Although biologics have proven to be a relatively safe and effective treatment option for adults with @entity1569 , limited information is available regarding the use of biologic agents in pediatric @entity1 with @entity1569 . The authors attempt to assess and summarize the available data on the use of biologic agents in @entity1 under the age of 18, regardless of the indication, as well as to examine the limited available data on the use of biologics for @entity1569 in the pediatric population. In doing so, the authors aim to provide guidance on the safety and efficacy of biologic therapies in pediatric @entity1 with @entity1569 . The authors' findings suggest that biologic agents should be considered for use solely in @entity1 with @entity1569 that is refractory to conventional therapies, including @entity1 currently with severe, widespread, refractory pustular, plaque or @entity5144 . Of all the currently available biologics, etanercept appears to have resulted in fewer and less severe side effects compared to infliximab in the @entity309 population. In addition, while biologics are generally safe and effective in the pediatric population, serious adverse events (including infection), have been reported in the literature and should be taken into account before beginning treatment with any biologic agent. The physician and parents of the @entity1 must carefully consider the risk-benefit ratio when deciding whether to use these medications. Additional randomized, controlled trials are needed to adequately assess the safety and efficacy of biologic medications for childhood @entity1569 .

title: Use of biologic agents in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Few studies have reported on African American and Hispanic (AA and H) populations' informational needs when seeking @entity5 care at an institution that offers clinical trials. Moffitt @entity5 Center (MCC) sought to identify and examine the decision making process, the perceptions, and the preferred channels of communication about @entity5 care services for AA and H communities in order to develop a list of marketing recommendations. Five focus groups (N   =   45) consisting of two AA and three H were conducted in four counties of the MCC catchment area in Tampa, FL. @entity1 were asked about their perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about @entity5 care and MCC. Focus groups were audio-recorded and verbatim transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Similarities in responses were found between AA and H @entity1 . @entity1 received general health and @entity5 information from media sources and @entity2133 and preferred to hear @entity1 testimonials. There were concerns about costs, insurance coverage, and the actual geographic location of the @entity5 center. In general, H @entity1 were not opposed to participating in @entity5 clinical trials/research, whereas, AA @entity1 were more hesitant. A majority of @entity1 highly favored an institution that offered standard care and clinical trials. AA and H @entity1 shared similar concerns and preferences in communication channels, but each group had specific informational needs. The perceptions and preferences of AA and H must be explored in order to successfully and efficiently increase @entity5 clinical trial participation.

title: African Americans' and Hispanics' Information Needs About XXXX Care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['word of mouth']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is often complicated by @entity1031 episodes. It has been recognized that @entity1003 proteins play a role in @entity5 progression. An important inhibitory mechanism is provided by the @entity3790 (PC) system consisting of PC, protein S (PS) and @entity9820 (TM). Recently, novel biological activities have been ascribed to the PC system that do not relate to their hemostatic functions, eg. in angiogenesis, @entity66 and @entity32 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to elucidate the solid phase interactions between @entity14 tissue and components of the PC system that may contribute to @entity5 progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity14 tissues were obtained at surgical resection during treatment of 66 @entity1 . Immunohistochemical studies were performed using polyclonal antibodies against PC, PS and TM. A semiquantitative analysis of the protein expression was also performed. RESULTS: Weak expression of PC was observed in @entity5 cells of two-thirds of the specimens examined, while in 3/66 cases there was no staining for PC in @entity5 cells. One fourth of CRCs exhibited strong expression of PC. The presence of PS was demonstrated in 64/66 cases of @entity14 . However, its expression was irregular in terms of intensity of staining and percentage of @entity5 cells exhibiting protein expression. Weak expression of TM was demonstrated in two thirds of the cases examined, while a strong TM staining was revealed in one third of @entity694 . CONCLUSION: Heterogeneous expression of the PC system components in @entity14 tissue may point to their biological activity modulating @entity5 growth.

title: Expression of @entity3790 (PC), protein S (PS) and @entity9820 (TM) in XXXX @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This work was performed to study phospholipid metabolism in @entity3044 -induced @entity63 heart and the possible protective effect of @entity2643 (Am) and @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ). Heart weight increased 24 h after subcutaneous injection of @entity3044 (40 mg/kg) whereas @entity296 content and @entity908 kinase activity decreased without modification of the @entity165 content. The phospholipid content was significantly correlated with @entity908 kinase activity (P less than 0.001). @entity2434 , @entity3633 and @entity6894 decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) in the @entity3044 group whereas the @entity6579 and @entity14806 content increased. The @entity6579 / @entity2434 and @entity14806 / @entity3633 ratios consequently increased to a significant degree (P less than 0.01) suggesting indirectly the activation of phospholipases A in the @entity63 myocardium. Free @entity844 content increased, indicating hydrolysis of @entity2434 , @entity3633 , @entity6579 and @entity14806 . Intravenous injection of Am (20 mg/kg) or intraperitoneal injection of @entity5579 (30 mg/kg) prior to @entity3044 injection provided complete protection against phospholipid depletion and against increase of the @entity6579 / @entity2434 and @entity14806 / @entity3633 ratios which returned to control values. Neither substance had any effect on the heart weight increase due to an @entity4 and inflammatory process. The total protection by both substances against phospholipid depletion was not sufficient to prevent the @entity908 kinase activity decrease. The improved phospholipid degradation in the @entity63 myocardium is discussed in relation to the in vitro inhibitory effect of Am or @entity5579 on phospholipases A activity.

title: Prevention by @entity2643 of phospholipid depletion in @entity3044 -induced XXXX in rats.

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial phospholipid']

entities_list: @entity14806 :: ('MESH:C008301', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine', 'Phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repetitive brief @entity741 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the @entity67 associated with @entity296 and @entity1562 . In this study we examine the effects of repetitive @entity63 and reperfusion (I/R) on @entity19 myocardium. METHODS: C57/BL6 @entity19 underwent daily 15 min left anterior descending @entity1563 followed by reperfusion. After 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, echocardiographic studies were performed, and hearts of I/R and sham-operated animals were processed for histological examination. RESULTS: Histological studies showed no evidence of @entity296 in the @entity63 region. Quantitative assessment of collagen revealed a marked persistent interstitial deposition of collagen after seven days I/R in the anterior left ventricular wall (sham 4.6 +/- 2.0 %, I/R 21.5 +/- 6.5 %, p < 0.05). Echocardiographic studies showed persistent regional anterior wall dysfunction in I/R animals. Histological evaluation showed absence of neovessel formation. After discontinuation of the I/R protocol, @entity82 and regional @entity67 decreased within 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive brief @entity19 myocardial I/R induces reversible @entity5707 and @entity67 , without @entity583 and @entity39 , and may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity296 and @entity1562 .

title: A XXXX model of @entity296 induced by repetitive @entity63 and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis', 'ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusions']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hibernation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic remodeling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the evolution of therapeutic practices and the evolution of survival between 1982 and 1996 in a population of @entity43 . All the @entity1 were registered in the "Registre des Cancers Gyn  cologiques de C  te-d'Or-France". POPULATION AND METHODS: During this period, 546 cases of @entity43 were registered. Data about FIGO staging at the diagnosis, histologic type, initial surgical procedures and survival were studied. RESULTS: During this period, 61.7% of the @entity1 had a complete resection of their @entity5 . The frequency of complete removal increased significantly during the period of this study. Complete removal moved from 56%, between 1982 and 1984, up to 75%, between 1993 and 1996. Complete removal was possible in 98.1% of the FIGO stage 1 cases while it was possible in only 18.3% of the stage IV. 76.9% of the @entity1 younger than 50 years old had a complete removal while only 29% of the @entity1 older than 80 years old had a complete removal. Fifty percent of stage I received chemotherapy as long as 85% of @entity1 younger than 50 years old. After 1993, only 2.6% of them had radiotherapy. The global survival rate at 5 years was 35.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery is the major procedure to obtain a complete remission of @entity43 . The efficacy of current chemotherapies may modify the initial management of these @entity5 , particularly in modifying the chronology of the different therapeutic sequences.

title: [Evolution of therapeutic practices and survival of XXXX in Bourgandi between 1982-1996: a registry-based study].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The @entity375 @entity18929 gene encodes a 2'-5' phosphodiesterase that debranches intron RNA lariats following splicing. @entity375 @entity18929 mutants accumulate intron lariats and are also defective for mobility of the retrotransposons Ty1 and Ty3. We used a mutagenic PCR method to generate a collection of @entity18929 mutant alleles to explore the relationship between the roles of @entity18929 in transposition and @entity18930 . Eight mutants defective for Ty1 transposition contained single @entity535 changes in @entity18929 . Two mutations, @entity18931 and @entity18932 , are in a conserved phosphoesterase motif that is believed to be part of the active site of the enzyme, supporting a connection between enzymatic activity and Ty1 transposition. Two other mutations, @entity18933 and @entity18934 , occur at a potential phosphorylation site, and we have shown that @entity18929 is phosphorylated on @entity669 . We have developed an RNase protection assay to quantitate intron RNA accumulation in cells. The assay uses RNA probes that hybridize to @entity18935 intron RNA. Protection patterns confirm that sequences from the 5' end of the intron to the lariat branch point accumulate in @entity18929 mutants in a branched (lariat) conformation. RNase protection assays indicate that all of the newly generated @entity18929 mutant alleles are also deficient for @entity18930 , further supporting a role for 2'-5' phosphodiesterase activity in Ty1 transposition. A Ty1 element lacking most of its internal sequences transposes independently of @entity18929 . The existence of @entity18929 -dependent Ty1 sequences raises the possibility that @entity18929 acts on Ty1 RNA.

title: Relationship between RNA lariat XXXX and Ty1 element retrotransposition.

entities_list: @entity18933 :: ('p|SUB|Y|68|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y68F']

entities_list: @entity18932 :: ('p|SUB|N|85|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N85D']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity18930 :: ('MESH:D006010', 'Disease') :: ['debranching']

entities_list: @entity18934 :: ('p|SUB|Y|68|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y68D']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Yeast']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity18930 :: (MESH:D006010,Disease) :: ['debranching']


abstract: @entity11 are highly lethal neoplasms that cannot be cured with currently available therapies. @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) is a recently introduced alkylating agent that has yielded significant benefits and become a key agent in the treatment of high-grade @entity11 . However, its survival benefit remains unsatisfactory. Understanding the molecular basis of @entity2904 sensitivity/resistance is necessary for improving the treatment outcome by devising strategies that are able to circumvent primary drug resistance. We therefore combined the in vitro @entity2904 response with microarray gene expression data to identify genes that could potentially be used to predict the response of @entity11 to @entity2904 therapy. We first obtained the individual IC50 values for @entity2904 in seven @entity11 cell lines (A-172, AM-38, T98G, U-87MG, U-138MG, U-251MG and YH-13) and then identified the genes whose expression correlated most highly with @entity2904 sensitivity employing a cDNA microarray. We present here a list of the most highly up-regulated and down-regulated genes which may be involved in conferring @entity2904 sensitivity/resistance in @entity11 , although most of the genes have not been implicated as a causal factor in the @entity2904 response except @entity8724 . We also demonstrated and confirmed the @entity8724 methylation status, quantitative @entity8724 mRNA levels, and @entity8724 protein expression levels in @entity2904 resistant @entity11 cells in vitro. Our results are thus consistent with previous studies and suggest that a dominant mechanism conferring sensitivity/resistance to @entity2904 exists in @entity11 cells. Although the present study dose have several limitations, our reported candidate genes could represent not only potential molecular markers for @entity2904 sensitivity/resistance but also chemotherapy targets. Furthermore, the present study could provide a foundation for alternative therapeutic strategies including novel combination treatments that incorporate additional reagents directed at overcoming resistance to @entity2904 .

title: Gene expression profiling predicts response to XXXX in @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas', 'malignant glioma', 'glioma', 'malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We retrospectively reviewed data from nine pre-treated metastatic @entity2269 ( @entity2269 ) @entity1 who received @entity6219 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Three @entity1 received @entity6219 within the EORTC phase II 62043, three in the EORTC phase III 62072, and three in the context of UK named @entity1 program. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were retrieved from the databases, the median age was 30  years (range: 21-47), they were all males. All had received prior chemotherapy. At the time of treatment start, 4 @entity1 (44%) had ECOG PS 0, 4 (44%) @entity13769 , 1 (11%) @entity13770 . Best response was partial response (PR) in 2/9 (22%) @entity1 , @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 5/9 (56%) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) in 2/9 (22%) with a clinical benefit rate (PR   +   @entity66 >   12  weeks) of 78%. Median PFS and @entity3012 were 9.2 (95%CI: 0-23.2) and 15.4 (95%CI: 1.5-29.3) months respectively. With a median follow-up of 20  months, 2/9 (22%) @entity1 are still alive, all progressed. The most common @entity137 included @entity1398 (G1-2 45%; G3-4 11%), @entity417 (G1-2 45%), fatigue (G1-2 67%), @entity294 (G1-2 45%; G3-4 11%), @entity390 (G1-2 45%), @entity101 (G1-2 45%) and increase in liver enzymes (G1-2 34%; G3-4 11%). Three @entity1 (34%) required a dose reduction. One of the @entity1 discontinued treatment because of persistent increase in total @entity648 level, one due to @entity1 's choice. CONCLUSION: In this series, @entity6219 showed interesting activity in @entity2269 @entity1 who progressed after prior chemotherapy without major @entity137 .

title: XXXX in advanced @entity2269 : a multi-institutional experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic small round cell tumour', 'DSRCT']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

answer: @entity6219 :: (MESH:C516667,Chemical) :: ['Pazopanib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effort to reduce the incidence of graft @entity715 is mainly based on predicting @entity1211 by measuring venous drip chamber pressures. In this study we evaluated whether graft flow measurements, using an ultrasound dilution technique, would be of additional value to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity715 . METHODS: In fifty consecutive @entity1 with a bridge graft we measured graft flow and venous drip chamber pressure at a dialyzer blood flow of 200 ml/min. The results of these flow measurements were not used for selection of @entity1 , nor for a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. All @entity715 events and (radiological or surgical) interventions were registered. RESULTS: A total of 17 @entity1 -years were analyzed. In 17 @entity1 an intervention was done, and in 18 @entity1 @entity715 occurred. The incidence rate of @entity715 was higher in @entity1 with a flow < 600 ml/min (N = 13) compared to @entity1 with a flow > 600 ml/min (N = 37; rate ratio 7. 2; 95% CI, range 2.84 to 18.24, P < 0.001). In 4 @entity1 with a flow < 600 ml/min an intervention was done within the first two months after the flow measurement. In the remaining 9 @entity1 , 6 grafts thrombosed within this period. Five interventions were done in @entity1 with a flow > 600 ml/min. In the remaining 32 @entity1 only two developed spontaneous @entity715 . Remarkably, venous drip chamber pressure measurements did not discriminate between @entity1 with graft flow > or < 600 ml/min, and showed a wide range in @entity1 who developed spontaneous @entity715 within two months. CONCLUSION: We suggest that graft flow measurements are helpful in selecting @entity1 at risk for graft @entity715 .

title: Graft flow as a predictor of XXXX in hemodialysis grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous stenosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to quantify the impact of preradiotherapy @entity419 PET when deciding whether radiotherapy should be curative or palliative in intent and defining its detailed planning in @entity1 with @entity1149 referred for 3D conformal radical radiotherapy within a large prospective multicenter study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Conventional CT and FDG PET were performed 2-3 weeks before radiotherapy was scheduled to start. As an initial step, the medical team was asked to plan radiotherapy while blinded to the results of FDG PET. In a second step, the FDG PET data were revealed, and the medical team had to decide whether or not to confirm their radical radiotherapy strategy and, if so, whether any modifications were required to the treatment plan. RESULTS: Of the 134 @entity1 (79% with @entity5 ) who were included in the analysis, 110 @entity1 (82%) had received induction chemotherapy. Prechemotherapy FDG PET also was available for 25 @entity1 . Knowledge of preradiotherapy FDG PET data caused treatment to be cancelled or changed from curative to palliative intent in 15 @entity1 (11%). Of the 119 @entity1 in whom radical radiotherapy was confirmed, the treatment plan was modified in 37 (31%). The concordance rate between the treatment strategies with or without preradiotherapy FDG PET was 62%. Concordance was improved but was still not complete (80%) when the prechemotherapy workup included FDG PET. CONCLUSION: Preradiotherapy FDG PET for @entity1149 @entity1 referred for 3D conformal radiotherapy may lead to significant modification of treatment strategy and radiotherapy planning.

title: Impact of XXXX PET on treatment strategy and 3D radiotherapy planning in @entity1149 : A prospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-FDG']


abstract: Although mediastinal involvement by @entity978 is frequent, the initial presentation of the @entity706 by an endobronchial lesion is rare. Therefore, the question of whether @entity1 with @entity978 should undergo fibreoptic bronchoscopy as a staging procedure remains unresolved. In a series of 469 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity978 during a 10 year period, we reviewed the clinical features of nine @entity1 who presented with an @entity5 . They were compared to 34 previously published cases. The major presenting symptoms were cough, wheezing and haemoptysis. Bulky mediastinum was seen in six cases. The three other @entity1 presented respiratory symptoms evocative of endoluminal invasion. All but one of the @entity1 received combined modality therapy, as currently accepted for @entity1 with poor prognostic factors. The overall actuarial survival was 74% after 4 yrs of follow-up. A selective subgroup of @entity1 with stage I-II supradiaphragmatic and endobronchial @entity978 may, thus, present without poor prognostic factors (but generally with respiratory symptoms), and might be undertreated if this localization is not recognized. We propose that these @entity1 should undergo fibreoptic bronchoscopy.

title: Endobronchial presentation of XXXX : a report of nine cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endobronchial tumour']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential interaction between the @entity5523 ( @entity5523 ) HindIII polymorphism and visceral @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) accumulation in the modulation of @entity412 levels in @entity1144 . The @entity5523 -HindIII genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction in 52 min. Twenty-three subjects were heterozygous (+/-) and 28 were homozygous (+/+) for the presence of the restriction site. One subject who was homozygous for the--allele was excluded from analysis. Body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin level, and @entity1386 area as measured by computed tomography were positively correlated with @entity412 levels only in subjects homozygous for the + allele. Furthermore, whereas these variables were negatively correlated with plasma @entity9477 @entity165 concentrations in the +/+ group, these associations were not found in +/- heterozygotes, with the exception of BMI. To further investigate the interaction of the @entity5523 -HindIII polymorphism with @entity1144 and @entity3190 , the two genotype groups were further subdivided on the basis of BMI (low versus high), fasting insulin level (low versus high), and @entity1386 area (low versus high), and their lipoprotein profiles were compared. Elevated levels of abdominal @entity1386 were significantly associated with increased @entity412 concentrations in +/+ homozygous @entity1 , suggesting that @entity1144 may lead to @entity2298 in the presence of the +/+ genotype. In the +/- group, variation in the amount of @entity1386 was not associated with differences in @entity412 concentration. However, @entity2298 and an increased @entity165 -to-HDL @entity165 ratio were observed in the @entity1717 state irrespective of @entity5523 -HindIII genotype status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED @entity1386 250 WORDS)

title: The XXXX HindIII polymorphism modulates plasma @entity412 levels in @entity1144 .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['visceral obesity']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity5523 :: ('4023', 'Gene') :: ['LPL', 'lipoprotein lipase']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'visceral AT', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5523 :: (4023,Gene) :: ['lipoprotein lipase']


abstract: AIMS: Rapid harvesting of autogenous graft over a wire is an optional way in @entity130 surgery and it places the inverted conduit so that its adventitial layer is within the lumen of the graft. Our aim of this study was to compare the patency of inverted autogenous graft vs noninverted graft in @entity235 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Experimental animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, 12 @entity235 were anesthetized and 10 cm of the external jugular vein was excised. The vein was equally divided into two 5-cm sections. One section was inverted and the other was left intact. Afterward, 5 cm of both the femoral arteries were removed and the right (inverted) and the left (not inverted) arteries were grafted, respectively. The patency of the arteries was evaluated by Color Doppler ultrasonography immediately postoperation and up to 6 months thereafter. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed with Fisher's exact test using SPSS version 15. P value below 0.05 was significant. RESULTS: None of the 12 inverted vein grafts were patent at 3(rd) to 14(th) days follow-up with Doppler ultrasonography. All of them were completely obstructed by @entity715 . However, 11 (92%) of the noninverted vein grafts were patent both at 3 and 6 months follow-up. One of the noninverted grafts was almost completely obstructed with @entity715 (90%) and the other 2 were incompletely obstructed with intimal thickening. CONCLUSIONS: Despite many favorable results in the previous studies with regard to excellent patency of inverted vein graft, our results were disappointing and we recommend using the graft in the right direction and taking care to preserve the intima intact.

title: Using inverted autogenous veins to substitute arteries in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECT: The intrinsic radioresistance of certain @entity5 cells may be closely associated with the constitutive activation of @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) activity, which may lead to protection from apoptosis. Recently, nonapoptotic cell death, or autophagy, has been revealed as a novel response of @entity5 cells to ionizing radiation. In the present study, the authors analyzed the effect of @entity2452 as a potential inhibitor of @entity2451 activation on the radiosensitivity of A172, U87, and U251 @entity1 @entity11 cell lines. METHODS: The pharmacological inhibition of @entity2451 activation was achieved using @entity2452 , an inhibitor of @entity2453 reductase. Growth and radiosensitivity assays were performed using a @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay. @entity2455 staining, supravital acridine orange staining, and electron microscopy were performed utilizing 3 @entity11 cell lines with or without @entity2452 pretreatment to identify apoptosis or autophagy after irradiation. RESULTS: The growth of these 3 @entity11 cell lines was not significantly inhibited by @entity2452 at a concentration of up to 1 microM. Treatment with 0.1 microM of @entity2452 enhanced radiation-induced cell death in all @entity11 cell lines, with different sensitivity. Apoptosis did not occur in any pretreated or untreated (no @entity2452 ) cell line following irradiation. Instead, autophagic cell changes were observed regardless of the radiosensitivity of the cell line. An inhibitor of autophagy, @entity2456 suppressed the cytotoxic effect of irradiation with @entity2452 , indicating that autophagy is a result of an antitumor mechanism. Using the most radiosensitive A172 cell line, the intracellular localization of @entity2451 , a representative subunit of @entity2451 , was evaluated through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies. The @entity2451 of A172 cells was immediately activated and translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus in response to irradiation. @entity2452 inhibited this activation and translocation of @entity2451 . CONCLUSIONS: Autophagic cell death rather than apoptosis is a possible mechanism of radiation-induced and @entity2452 -enhanced cell damage, and radiosensitization by the pharmacological inhibition of @entity2451 activation may be a novel therapeutic strategy for @entity11 .

title: Induction of autophagic cell death and radiosensitization by the pharmacological inhibition of XXXX activation in @entity1 @entity11 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity2456 :: ('MESH:C025946', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methyladenine']

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['p50', 'nuclear factor-kappa B', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2452 :: ('MESH:C108475', 'Chemical') :: ['Pitavastatin', 'pitavastatin']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A']

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['nuclear factor-kappa B']


abstract: @entity432 have been shown to fluoresce when treated with @entity3838 derivative. This study investigates the incorporation and distribution of a partially purified form of @entity3838 derivative ( @entity17654 ) in normal and arteriosclerotic @entity95 aortas. A thoracoabdominal exploration was performed in 15 @entity95 . Group I comprised normal @entity95 , Group II normal @entity95 given 5 mg/kg @entity17654 II 48 hours before surgery, Group III arteriosclerotic @entity95 and Group IV arteriosclerotic @entity95 given 5 mg/kg @entity17654 II 48 hours before surgery. Multiple aortic biopsy specimens for frozen section were taken from all @entity95 . In addition, open laser endarterectomy (with an @entity3503 ion laser) was performed on Group III and Group IV @entity95 . Frozen sections were studied by digital video fluorescence microscopy to determine the distribution of @entity17654 II within the layers of the aortic wall. The fluorescence of the intima of Group IV @entity95 was found to be significantly greater than that of the intima, internal elastic lamina, media or adventitia of the other groups (p less than 0.01) and significantly greater than that of the internal elastic lamina, media or adventitia of Group IV @entity95 (p less than 0.01). When open laser endarterectomy was performed, Group III @entity95 required 103 +/- 14 J/cm2 and Group IV required 33 +/- 3 J/cm2 (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that @entity7889 are selectively localized within the intima of arteriosclerotic arteries. This localization sensitizes @entity1856 to @entity3503 ion laser light and facilitates laser endarterectomy.

title: Photosensitization of experimental XXXX by @entity7889 .

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin II', 'Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromas']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3838 :: ('MESH:D006415', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arteriosclerotic arteries']

answer: @entity1856 :: (MESH:D058226,Disease) :: ['atheromas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: (1) To determine what advice, if any, would be given by accident and @entity341 (A_E) doctors to @entity1 who were taking the combined @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) if they had been issued with broad spectrum antibiotics and (2) after an audit programme had been instigated, whether appropriate advice was given to such @entity1 . METHODS: A questionnaire was circulated to 12 doctors working in the Exeter A_E department to assess their level of knowledge in prescribing antibiotics to @entity1 taking the @entity1697 . Notes of @entity1 aged 15-50 who had been prescribed broad spectrum antibiotics were examined to see if a contraceptive history had been taken. If the @entity1 was found to be taking the combined @entity1697 it was noted whether documented advice had been given about using an additional form of contraception. Six months later after two education sessions had been held, prescriptions and notes were examined. A @entity1 education leaflet was produced to be given to these @entity1 , indicating what additional precautions should be taken after having been prescribed antibiotics. SETTING: The A_E department of a busy district general hospital. SUBJECTS: @entity1 aged 15-50 who had been issued with broad spectrum antibiotics. RESULTS: The level of knowledge in regard to contraceptive advice given to @entity1 taking the @entity1697 among doctors working in an A_E department was poor. However, after educational sessions and the production of a @entity1 information leaflet, there was an improvement in @entity1 receiving correct advice. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical significance of drug interactions between oral contraceptives and antibiotics indicates the importance of asking a full contraceptive drug history of any @entity1 of childbearing age and documenting this in the notes. Regular audit of this topic is needed to keep it at the front of doctors' minds.

title: Oral contraceptives and oral antibiotics: interactions and advice in an accident and XXXX setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['OCP', 'oral contraceptive pill']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency']