abstract: Macrophages, a key cell in the inflammatory cascade, have been associated with poor prognosis in @entity5 , including @entity0 . In this study, we investigated the relationship of a subset of macrophages-proliferating macrophages (promacs)-with clinico-pathologic characteristics of @entity0 , including @entity5 size, grade, stage, lymph node @entity3 , @entity5282 status, subtype, as well as early recurrence, and survival. This study included a discovery and validation set that was conducted at two institutions and laboratories (University of California, San Francisco and University of Chicago) using two independent cohorts of @entity1 with @entity0 . Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections and/or tissue microarrays were double-stained with anti-CD68 (a macrophage marker) and anti- @entity1364 (a proliferation marker) antibodies. The presence of intratumoral promacs was significantly correlated with high grade, @entity5282 negative @entity5 , and a basal-like subtype. In contrast, there was no correlation between promacs and @entity5 size, stage, or the number of the involved lymph nodes. These findings were consistent between the two study cohorts. Finally, promac numbers were a significant predictor of recurrence and survival. In the pooled analysis, elevated promac levels were associated with a 77% increased risk of dying (P = 0.015). The presence of promacs in @entity1 @entity0 may serve as a prognostic indicator for poor outcomes and early recurrence and serve as a potential cellular target for novel therapeutic interventions.

title: Proliferating macrophages associated with high grade, @entity5282 negative XXXX and poor clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity35 @entity10239 ( @entity4647 ) is a chymotrypsin-like @entity563 protease specifically expressed by connective tissue-type mast cells. The enzyme is stored in the secretory granules in a macromolecular complex with heparin proteoglycan. In the present investigation it was shown that @entity4647 is inhibited by @entity4117 ( @entity4117 ), an RGD-containing adhesive glycoprotein with heparin-binding properties. @entity4647 that had been separated from heparin proteoglycan was less susceptible to inhibition than @entity4647 present in complex with heparin proteoglycan. Pre-incubation of @entity4117 with purified heparin partially blocked the @entity4647 inhibiting activity of @entity4117 . Plasma @entity4117 had negligible @entity4647 -inhibiting activity. However, heat treatment of plasma @entity4117 , which is known to expose the heparin-binding domain, induced @entity4647 -inhibiting activity. Affinity chromatography on immobilized @entity4117 showed that @entity4647 bound with high affinity to @entity4117 . The binding of @entity4647 to @entity4117 was not heparin-dependent since free @entity4647 bound with equal affinity to the immobilized @entity4117 as @entity4647 present in complex with heparin. The inhibition of @entity4647 by @entity4117 was shown to be reversible.

title: Inhibition of @entity35 XXXX by @entity4117 .

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity10239 :: (29265(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['mast cell protease 1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background @entity18192 encodes the @entity18192 subunit of the @entity13429 ( @entity13429 ), an ionotropic glutamate receptor that has important roles in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Some individuals with early onset @entity302 and @entity717 carry heterozygous missense mutations in this gene, including a de-novo mutation in the receptor pore region ( @entity18192 ( @entity20430 )). We hypothesised that this mutation underlies the carrier's @entity75 and sought to explore its functional consequences. METHODS: We made two-electrode voltage clamp recordings from @entity1238 oocytes expressing GluN1/ @entity18192 ( @entity20430 ) ( @entity20430 ) NMDARs and compared them with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) NMDARs to assess the mutation's effect on potency of inhibition by Mg(2+) and other channel blockers. We then used whole-cell patch-clamping to evaluate @entity13429 -mediated currents in @entity19 primary cortical pyramidal neurons transfected with either @entity18192 ( @entity164 ) or @entity18192 ( @entity20431 ) subunits. Means were compared by use of independent two-tailed t tests. FINDINGS: In oocytes, Mg(2+) (1 mM) block at -60 mV was significantly decreased ( @entity20430 [n=13], mean 5% [SE 8] vs @entity164 [n=15], 89 [4]; p<0  0001). Furthermore, in @entity20430 (n=17) and @entity164 (n=17) oocytes, block by 10  M memantine was also reduced (mean 26% [6] vs 75 [7], p<0  0001) as was block by 100  M amantadine (18% [4] vs 44 [12], p<0  0001). Block by ketamine ( @entity20430 , n=14; @entity164 , n=14) was not significantly affected, whereas block by dextromethorphan was increased ( @entity20430 [n=9], 56% [8] vs @entity164 [n=8], 44 [6]; p=0  003). In @entity20430 (n=10) and @entity164 (n=10) neurons we observed a significant decrease in Mg(2+) sensitivity (49% [18] vs 95 [5], p<0  0001) and a significant decrease in current density (42 pA/pF [19] vs 61 [20], p=0  044). INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that the disease-associated mutation @entity18192 ( @entity20430 ) has substantial effects on @entity13429 inhibition by both endogenous and exogenous channel blockers, and on NMDA current density. It is plausible that these changes underlie the carrier's phenotype. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust via an Edinburgh Clinical Academic Training PhD Fellowship.

title: Effect of a @entity18192 de novo mutation associated with XXXX and @entity717 on @entity13429 currents and Mg(2+) block in cultured primary cortical neurons.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: To determine the relative rates of lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues in @entity28 , we measured uptake and oxidation of free @entity2365 or tripalmitin into tissue slices in vitro. We also measured @entity13688 ( @entity13688 ) activity of soleus muscle and perirenal adipose tissues. Muscle took up more liquid from tripalmitin than from free @entity2365 (FFA) at 6 and 12 wk of age, whereas adipose took up more from FFA. The relative uptake of tripalmitin in adipose decreased from twofold that of muscle at 6 wk to 60% of muscle at 12 wk. Uptake from FFA in adipose was faster than in soleus at both ages. @entity13688 /g of soleus muscle at 12 wk was higher than that of adipose. @entity13688 /g protein was higher in adipose tissue than in muscle at 12 wk. Muscle oxidized 15-32% of FFA, @entity28 muscles more than lean at 12 wk. AT 15-h fast decreased lean adipose tripalmitin uptake 50%, did not affect @entity28 adipose lipid uptake, and @entity28 soleus @entity2365 uptake. In soleus muscle, @entity412 uptake is as active as in adipose. Obese muscles at 12 wk oxidized more FFA than lean and respond to a short fast by increasing the percent lipid oxidized.

title: XXXX and lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues of Zucker rats.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese', 'decreased obese']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

answer: @entity13688 :: (24539(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Lipoprotein lipase']


abstract: This report describes three female @entity1 who were treated for @entity455 of the breast. The lesion was congenital in one @entity1 . Two were adults (40 and 59 years old). Each presented with a mass within the breast. Microscopically, the @entity5 were composed of vascular channels growing diffusely in breast parenchyma. The vessels were lined by flat, inconspicuous endothelium with sparse supporting mural tissue virtually devoid of smooth muscle. The lesions consisted of @entity5807 (erythrocyte-containing) and lymphangiomatous (seemingly empty) channels with @entity706 . This combination of a mixed pattern of vessels and diffuse growth is similar to that seen in lesions that have been called @entity4904 in other anatomic sites. Because the microscopic distinction between very orderly @entity5426 and @entity4904 may be difficult, complete excision of the @entity5 is necessary. For bulky lesions, this may require mastectomy. In one @entity1 @entity4904 has persisted and recurred twice in the mammary region over 39 years. The other two @entity1 remain well 3 years after local excision and 2 years and 4 months after mastectomy, respectively. @entity4904 of the breast has not exhibited clinically malignant behavior since no metastases have been observed.

title: XXXX of the breast. III. @entity4904 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5807 :: ('MESH:D019280', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomatous']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid aggregates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity4904 :: ('MESH:D000798', 'Disease') :: ['Angiomatosis', 'congenital angiomatosis', 'angiomatosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Vascular tumors']


abstract: RATIONALE: Animals trained to lick for a @entity969 solution of a given incentive value that subsequently encounter an incentive downshift (i.e. 32-4% @entity969 ) display an exaggerated decrease in the amount consumed, relative to unshifted controls. This change has been classified as a @entity8 ( @entity8 ) effect. The emotional component to this robust behavioural change is dynamic and changes from post-shift day (PSD) 1 to 2. Anxiolytics block @entity8 , but the possible link between @entity148 and @entity8 needs further exploration. Both @entity1239 and a cannabinoid receptor agonist have been reported to change @entity148 and both have actions on the reward process, but their effects on @entity8 have not been investigated. OBJECTIVES: To determine: (1) whether exposure to @entity8 evokes an anxiogenic response; (2) whether an anxiolytic dose of @entity1239 has the same effects on @entity8 as those of @entity8685 ; (3) the effects of a low (anxiolytic) and a high (anxiogenic) dose of the cannabinoid receptor agonist @entity18864 on @entity8 . METHODS: Two groups of animals were given access to high (32%) or low (4%) @entity969 solutions for 5 min per day for 10 days. On @entity25352 , the shifted group had access to a devalued incentive (from 32 to 4% @entity969 ) and the unshifted group remained at 4% @entity969 . The volumes (ml) of @entity969 solution consumed were measured pre-shift and on @entity25352 . In experiment 1, immediately after @entity8 testing on @entity25352 , the @entity35 were tested in the social interaction and elevated plus-maze tests of @entity148 . In experiment 2, the effects of @entity8685 (5 and 7.5 mg/kg) and @entity1239 (0.1 mg/kg) were examined on @entity25352 . In experiment 3, the effects of @entity18864 (5 and 40 microg/kg) were examined on @entity25352 . RESULTS: There were no anxiogenic effects of shift in either test of @entity148 on either test day. However, on PSD 1, the shifted group had significantly higher locomotor activity and spent a higher percentage of time on the open arms, perhaps reflecting search strategies. @entity1239 was without significant effect on @entity8 on either test day. On PSD 1, @entity8685 (5 mg/kg) and @entity18864 (5 and 40 microg/kg, IP) blocked @entity8 . On @entity25352 , both doses of @entity8685 and the low, anxiolytic dose of @entity18864 (5 microg/kg) blocked @entity8 , the high dose of @entity18864 was without effect. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of results allows for the separation between effects on @entity148 and @entity8 . The block of contrast on PSD 1 was independent of changes in @entity148 , since both anxiolytic and anxiogenic drug doses were effective. It is suggested that this may provide an animal model of disappointment in which the cannabinoid system plays an important role. An @entity2045 would seem to be a necessary, but not a sufficient, action to block @entity8 on @entity25352 .

title: Effects of @entity1239 and a cannabinoid receptor agonist on negative contrast: distinction between XXXX and disappointment?

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['successive negative contrast', 'SNC']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['anxiolytic action']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['chlordiazepoxide']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Posttranscriptional regulation is an important control mechanism governing gene expression in neurons. We recently demonstrated that @entity19103 , a protein implicated in @entity18479 , is an RNA-binding protein that specifically binds the 5' end of capped mRNAs to prevent their decapping and decay. Previously, expression of @entity19103 was reported to be testes restricted. Consistent with a role in cognitive function, we demonstrate that @entity19103 is ubiquitously expressed in @entity1 tissues including the brain. Moreover, @entity1968 -induced differentiation of @entity1 SH-SY5Y @entity521 cells promoted the accumulation of @entity19103 in distinct cytoplasmic foci within neurites that colocalize with staufen1-containing RNA granules, suggesting a role in translational suppression and/or mRNA transport. Exogenous expression of @entity19103 in @entity35 primary hippocampal neurons, which normally do not express the primate-restricted @entity19104 proteins, promoted neurite arborization, and shRNA-directed knockdown of the @entity19104 genes in SH-SY5Y cells resulted in a reduction of both primary and secondary neurite projections upon differentiation. We propose that the cap-binding property of @entity19103 reflects a role of this protein in mRNA translational regulation. In support of this hypothesized role, we demonstrate that @entity19103 can specifically bind a subset of mRNAs involved in neuritogenesis and is also capable of promoting translational silencing. Thus, @entity19103 contains the capacity to modulate the stability and translation of a subset of target mRNAs involved in neuronal differentiation and arborization. It is plausible that defects of these functions in the absence of the @entity19104 genes could contribute to a @entity1032 phenotype.

title: Modulation of neuritogenesis by a protein implicated in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity18479 :: ('MESH:D038901', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity18479 :: (MESH:D038901,Disease) :: ['X-linked mental retardation']


abstract: @entity4561 is a newly described, acute symptom complex of @entity1 that has a predictable clinical course. The acute febrile phase of the syndrome is characterized by multisystem acute inflammatory changes. The subacute phase follows with the rheumatic manifestations of @entity625 , @entity2401 , and @entity1148 . The syndrome is self-limited in most @entity1 but is associated with @entity574 in 15%--20% and @entity944 due to @entity1186 in 2%. @entity1333 of coronary and other medium-sized muscular arteries characterizes fatal cases. The peak age affected is 12 months (range, six weeks to eight years). Japanese @entity1 are overrepresented among cases, whereas Caucasian @entity1 are underrepresented. Cases have been reported worldwide with the highest prevalence in Japan and among Japanese in Hawaii. Epidemic outbreaks have occurred in scattered areas of the United States and Japan. The etiology is unknown, although clinical, epidemiologic, and immunologic features suggest an acute infectious trigger to an immunologically mediated, generalized @entity1333 .

title: XXXX : a new infectious disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity4561 :: ('MESH:D009080', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity4561 :: (MESH:D009080,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A pre-tested questionnaire-based, retrospective study to highlight the causative factors, mode of presentation, complications and outcome of @entity1 with @entity6715 . SETTING: Aga Khan University Hospital over a 10 year period. METHODS: All case records with a diagnosis of @entity6715 in the period 1990 to 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. Data was retrieved on a comprehensive questionnaire. The demographic variatbles and drugs taken within the previous 21 days were noted. Date analysis was done by Epi-Info Version 6.0. RESULTS: Of the 101 studied @entity1 files, the most common offender was found to be the Penicillins as a group and @entity1484 (Fansidar) when considering all drugs individually. Most common complications included electrolyte disturbances (13.9%) and @entity712 (6.9%). Mortality rate was high at 10.1%. CONCLUSION: @entity1610 was found to be a rare condition but having a mortality rate of 10.1%. As it can be induced by a large number of drugs, caution should be practiced while prescribing.

title: XXXX in Pakistan: a ten-year survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1484 :: ('MESH:C001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens Johnson syndrome', 'Steven Johnson Syndrome']

answer: @entity6715 :: (MESH:D013262,Disease) :: ['Stevens Johnson syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To investigate differences in health-related, home and neighbourhood environmental variables between Liverpool @entity1 living in areas of @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) and @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) and (2) to assess associations between these perceived home and neighbourhood environments and health-related variables stratified by deprivation group. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: 10 Liverpool primary schools in 2014. @entity1 : 194 @entity1 aged 9-10 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health-related variables (self-reported physical activity (PA) (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older @entity1 , PAQ-C), @entity410 , body mass index (BMI) z-scores, waist circumference), home environment variables: (garden/backyard access, independent mobility, screen-based media restrictions, bedroom media) and neighbourhood walkability (Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth, NEWS-Y). EXPLANATORY MEASURES: Area deprivation. RESULTS: There were significant differences between @entity1949 and @entity1949 @entity1 's BMI z-scores (p<0.01), waist circumference (p<0.001) and @entity410 (p<0.01). @entity1949 @entity1 had significantly higher bedroom media availability (p<0.05) and independent mobility scores than @entity1949 @entity1 (p<0.05). @entity1949 @entity1 had significantly higher residential density and neighbourhood aesthetics scores, and lower crime safety, pedestrian and road traffic safety scores than @entity1949 @entity1 , all of which indicated higher walkability (p<0.01). @entity1949 @entity1 's BMI z-scores (b=-0.29, p<0.01) and waist circumferences (b=-0.27, p<0.01) were inversely associated with neighbourhood aesthetics. @entity1949 @entity1 's PA was negatively associated with bedroom media (b=-0.24, p<0.01), and @entity1949 @entity1 's PA was positively associated with independent mobility (b=0.25, p<0.01). @entity1949 @entity1 's independent mobility was inversely associated with crime safety (b=-0.28, p<0.01) and neighbourhood aesthetics (b=-0.24, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 living in @entity1949 areas had the least favourable health-related variables and were exposed to home and neighbourhood environments that are unconducive to health-promoting behaviours. Less access to bedroom media equipment and greater independent mobility were strongly associated with higher PA in @entity1949 and @entity1949 @entity1 , respectively. Facilitating independent mobility and encouraging outdoor play may act as effective strategies to enhance PA levels and reduce sedentary time in primary school-aged @entity1 .

title: Cross-sectional associations between high-deprivation home and neighbourhood environments, and health-related variables among Liverpool XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['medium-to-high deprivation', 'HD', 'high deprivation', 'MD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity189 are rare @entity5 the incidence, distribution, and prognostic factors of which differ. The prognosis of @entity1 depends on the presence of @entity3 or synchronous malignant diseases that usually affect the lungs. The incidence of @entity3 has been reported to be about 9% at the time of primary staging. The aim of this study was to assess the value of bronchoscopy and gastroscopy in the routine staging of minor @entity5 . We retrospectively reviewed the casenotes of 95 @entity1 who had presented with newly diagnosed @entity189 . Data were collected about abnormalities detected during endoscopic screening; a biopsy was taken if reasonable and if the resulting diagnosis influenced the planned treatment. Thirty-eight @entity1 with abnormalities were detected (40%); 31 diagnoses were confirmed by bronchoscopy and 44 by gastroscopy. Bronchoscopy confirmed a total of 6 @entity5 : 4 were @entity189 of the lung and 2 @entity3 of the primary @entity5 . One @entity5 was detected by gastroscopy. The proposed treatment was affected in five of these seven. For therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic reasons bronchoscopy and gastroscopy should be included routinely into staging of @entity189 .

title: The role of bronchoscopy and gastroscopy in XXXX at initial staging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'tumours', 'salivary gland cancers', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoral minor salivary gland carcinomas', 'synchronous carcinomas', 'intraoral minor salivary gland carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['intraoral minor salivary gland carcinomas']


abstract: The aim of this study was to present the distribution and representation of shoulder ultrasonographic (US) examination findings in @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity17126 . US examination findings in 141 @entity1 , that is 147 symptomatic shoulders with diagnosis of @entity17126 , were evaluated retrospectively. Outcomes of ultrasonography were distributed in groups by anatomical location, US examination finding and age. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Out of 147 analyzed shoulders, 87 (59.2%) were positive and 60 (40.8%) were negative upon US examination. The most frequent @entity854 were detected in a supraspinatus tendon (55.3%), followed by long head of the biceps tendon (15.2%), @entity2585 (12.6%), @entity924 (10.6%) and @entity924 (0.7%). The highest number of @entity854 , as well as negative ultrasonographies, were detected at the age 40 to 65. The least negative US examination findings were at age over 65, where also the highest number of supraspinatus tears were detected. Due to high specificity and sensitivity in the evaluation of the rotator cuff, subacromial bursa and long head of the biceps tendon changes, ultrasound is a reliable method for evaluation of @entity1 with @entity158 shoulder. Its availability, noninvasivity and relatively low cost make it a method of choice for inital evaluation of such @entity1 . Detailed history and clinical examination are going to lessen inadequate medical requests for ultrasonography.

title: [The role of ultrasonography in evaluation of pathomorphological changes in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity17126 :: ('MESH:D010489', 'Disease') :: ['humeroscapular periarthritis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['subscapularis tendinitis', 'infraspinatus tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['US abnormalities']

answer: @entity17126 :: (MESH:D010489,Disease) :: ['humeroscapular periarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 71 Background: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) has become the preferred method for axillary nodal staging. We examined @entity1600 utilization in urban versus rural settings as this procedure was adopted. We hypothesized that @entity1600 rates in urban centers quickly increased prior to 2000, while the technology shift and acceptance of @entity1600 was slower in rural centers. METHODS: The SEER registry was used to identify @entity1 with invasive @entity0 from 1998-2008. Exclusion criteria included evidence of distant metastatic disease, @entity5 , no curative-intent operation performed, or incomplete staging data. Residential setting was divided into three groups based on population density: rural, intermediate population, and urban. RESULTS: The overall rate of @entity1600 increased with time (9.5% in 1998 to 72.7% in 2008). The adoption of @entity1600 was slower in rural settings than in urban populations (p<0.001). By 2003, only urban areas were utilizing @entity1600 in over 50% of cases. When stratified by population density, there was a significant difference in @entity1600 rates according to type of surgery performed (lumpectomy vs mastectomy) as well as by @entity5 , with lower @entity5 positively correlating with the likelihood of @entity1600 usage in all categories. Overall, there was a two-year lag in the adoption of between the increases in @entity1600 utilization rates in these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Since 1998, the use of @entity1600 for @entity0 has slowly increased throughout the United States. Though widely accepted as the preferred staging method, the overall rate of @entity1600 remained near 50% and was lower in rural locations in 2004. By 2008, the @entity1600 rate for T1-T2 had increased to over 50% in all population categories. There was an overall 2-year lag in adoption of @entity1600 in less populated areas. While this may represent a more conservative approach as noted by the higher utilization in small @entity5 , the difference may be attributable to a shortage of experienced surgeons, lack of training, or lack of technological support at smaller institutions. The provision of continued training in emerging technologies for rural surgeons, such as @entity1600 , should remain a priority in continuing surgical education.

title: Rural and urban disparities in the evolution of sentinel lymph node utilization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T4 tumors', 'T-stage', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SLNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['ductal or lobular breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Cesarean deliveries (C-section) have been increasing over time. The objectives of this study were to analyze cesarean section delivery rates over time, and determine whether there is an association between C-section, mortality, and severe @entity548 ( @entity548 ) in VLBW @entity1 . We performed a retrospective cohort study of babies with birth weight < 1,500 grams, between 1994 and 2006, at Christiana Hospital (n = 2,040). Severe @entity548 was considered grade 3 to 4. Data were analyzed by three-year cohorts. Statistics included unadjusted and multivariable analyses. Cesarean delivery increased 22 percent from 1994 to 2006. When controlling for potential confounding variables including gestational age and presentation at birth, odds of C-section delivery remained elevated in Cohort 4 (2003-2006) compared with Cohort 1 (1994-1997; OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01-1.24). The rate of @entity1 @entity204 and severe @entity548 did not change over time. After multivariable analysis, C-section was not associated with a decrease in @entity204 , severe @entity548 , or @entity204 and/or @entity548 . In our population of VLBW @entity1 , the rate of C-section delivery increased over time. This increased rate was not associated with any change in the odds of @entity204 and/or severe @entity548 .

title: Increased cesarean section rate over time (1994-2006) in Delaware is not associated with improved outcomes in very low birth weight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'IVH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3652 at subanesthetic doses has analgesic properties that have been shown to reduce @entity282 and @entity1286 consumption. We hypothesized that intravenous @entity3652 10mg administered during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery, in addition to intrathecal @entity1286 and intravenous @entity6058 , would decrease the incidence of @entity158 and need for @entity86 . METHODS: Using a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design, healthy @entity1 scheduled for cesarean delivery receiving hyperbaric spinal @entity1341 , @entity3575 and @entity1286 were randomized to intravenous @entity3652 10mg or saline following delivery. Postoperative analgesia included scheduled @entity6058 and @entity1443 / @entity1287 tablets as needed for @entity158 . The primary outcome was the incidence of @entity158 in the first 24h. Secondary outcomes included the number of @entity1443 / @entity1287 tablets administered and numeric rating scale for @entity158 (0-10). RESULTS: Group characteristics did not differ. There was no difference in the incidence of @entity158 ( @entity3652 75% VS. saline 74%, P=0.86). There was no difference in 24-h or 72-h use of supplemental @entity1443 / @entity1287 tablets between groups. @entity158 scores in the first 24h were similar, but lower in the @entity3652 compared to the saline group 2weeks postpartum (difference -0.6, 95% CI -1.1 to -0.9). CONCLUSIONS: We found no additional postoperative analgesic benefit of low-dose @entity3652 during cesarean delivery in @entity1 who received intrathecal @entity1286 and intravenous @entity6058 . Subjects who received @entity3652 reported lower @entity158 scores 2weeks postpartum.

title: Low-dose XXXX with multimodal postcesarean delivery analgesia: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1287 :: ('MESH:D006853', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocodone']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['supplemental postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnostic errors associated with the failure to follow up on abnormal diagnostic studies ("missed results") are a potential cause of treatment delay and a threat to @entity1 safety. Few data exist concerning the frequency of missed results and associated @entity13217 within the Veterans Health Administration (VA). OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of the current study was to assess the frequency of missed results and resulting @entity13217 encountered by primary care providers in VA clinics. METHODS: An anonymous on-line survey of primary care providers was conducted as part of the health systems ongoing quality improvement programs. We collected information from providers concerning their clinical effort (e.g., number of clinic sessions, number of @entity1 visits per session), number of @entity1 with missed abnormal test results, and the number and types of @entity13217 providers encountered during the two week period prior to administration of our survey. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 106 out of 198 providers (54 percent response rate). Respondents saw and average of 86 @entity1 per 2 week period. Providers encountered 64 @entity1 with missed results during the two week period leading up to the study and 52 @entity1 with @entity13217 . The most common missed results included imaging studies (29 percent), clinical laboratory (22 percent), anatomic pathology (9 percent), and other (40 percent). The most common diagnostic delays were @entity5 (34 percent), @entity4903 (26 percent), @entity299 (16 percent), and others (24 percent). CONCLUSION: Missed results leading to clinically important @entity13217 are an important and likely underappreciated source of diagnostic error.

title: The frequency of missed test results and associated XXXX in a highly computerized health system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['treatment delays']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac problems']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine problems']

answer: @entity13217 :: (MESH:D061218,Disease) :: ['treatment delays']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 with @entity6477 were treated at Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital between 1981 and 1989. The overall mortality was 55% and the functional recovery rate 30%. Thirteen (93%) of 14 @entity1 with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score of 3 died, while all eight @entity1 with a GCS score of 7 or more achieved functional recovery. The mortality of @entity1 with GCS scores of 4-6 ranged from 45 to 67%. @entity1 with GCS scores of 4-6 over 65 years old had a mortality of 82%, compared to 50% mortality for those aged 19-40 years. The mortality for @entity1 with GCS scores of 4-6 operated on within 4 hours of injury was 62% in contrast to 33% for those operated on from 4 to 10 hours. @entity1 with GCS scores of 4-6 who underwent craniotomy with evacuation of the @entity1410 achieved significantly better recovery than those treated by burr holes. Four @entity1 with GCS scores of 4-6 died in spite of decompressive craniectomy or craniotomy with duroplasty. The mortality is only influenced by age and type of surgical intervention among @entity1 with GCS scores of 4-6. Shorter time from injury to surgical evacuation does not affect mortality within 10 hours of injury.

title: XXXX : severity of injury, surgical intervention, and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural hematoma']

answer: @entity6477 :: (MESH:D020199,Disease) :: ['Acute subdural hematoma']


abstract: From July 1968 through December 1977, 171 previously untreated @entity1 with pathological @entity978 were evaluated at Stanford University Medical Center. All @entity1 underwent lymphography, staging laparotomy and splenectomy; 86 @entity1 were treated with total lymphoid irradiation (mantle followed by inverted-Y) to 4400 rad. These @entity1 received prophylactic irradiation to the preauricular region (3600 rad/4-5 wk.) if the high cervical lymph nodes were positive; the lung (1500 rad/4-5 wk.) if the ipsilateral pulmonary hilum was positive; and the liver (2200 rad/5-6 wk.) if the spleen was positive. Eighty-five @entity1 were treated with total lymphoid irradiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy-either @entity1568 mustard, @entity1891 and @entity4174 (MOP) or @entity4174 , @entity10841 mustard, and @entity5713 (PAVe). Five-year survival rates were not significantly different in the two groups (86% vs. 89%, P = .4); however, the five-year freedom from relapse rate was significantly better in the combined modality group (66% vs. 86%, P = .0026). Because of the success of MOP in the treatment of @entity1 who had relapses after treatment with irradiation alone, the five-year freedom from second relapse rates in the two groups were not significantly different (85% vs. 88%, P = .8). Analysis of a large number of possible prognostic factors failed to identify any subgroup of @entity1 whose survival was significantly improved by the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, including @entity1 with "anatomic substage III2" (P = .52), clinical stage III (P = .26), unfavorable histology (P = .78), age greater than 39 yr. (P = .44), males (P = .55), and S- (P = .92). The most important factors indicating a benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy on survival were greater than or equal to 5 sites of involvement, including those above and below the diaphragm (P = .15) and extensive @entity4558 (more than four nodules detected in the splenectomy specimen) (P = .15). Possible explanations for these observations, which differ from those of series reported at other institutions, are discussed.

title: Prognostic factors in pathological XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity10841 :: ('CHEBI:58095', 'Chemical') :: ['L-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic involvement']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: In this study, the electro-Fenton and fluidized-bed Fenton processes under the given conditions were used to oxidize @entity9308 . Factors such as feeding mode and concentration of the @entity273 were explored. Results showed that the feeding mode of @entity274 did not significantly affect the @entity9308 oxidation in the electro-Fenton process. However, the @entity9308 oxidation slightly decreased with the two-step addition of @entity274 in the fluidized-bed Fenton process. Presumably the decline of remaining @entity8798 led to destitute @entity3884 radicals from the @entity8798 -catalyzed @entity274 . In addition, the removal efficiency of @entity9308 was maintained at a maximum as @entity274 concentration was higher than 0.04 M in the electro-Fenton process. Meanwhile, the almost exhausted @entity274 would increase the amount of @entity8798 in the solution for the electro-Fenton process. This is because the @entity8798 is regenerated through the reduction of @entity596 on the cathode. The electro-Fenton process has a stronger oxidative ability with regard to the production of the @entity11439 than fluidized-bed Fenton process which was attributed to a higher consumption of @entity274 . Therefore, in the aspect of @entity274 depletion, the mineralization efficiency of the fluidized-bed Fenton process was higher than that of the electro-Fenton process.

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity9308 oxidation by electro-Fenton and fluidized-bed Fenton processes.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity11439 :: ('MESH:D019815', 'Chemical') :: ['oxalic acid']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is frequently performed in @entity1 with acute @entity63 cerebrovascular events to exclude a cardioembolic source. We aimed to determine the clinical impact of TEE on management. This is a retrospective single-center study of 1,458 consecutive @entity1 hospitalized with acute @entity385 or transient @entity63 attack who underwent TEE for evaluation of a suspected cardioembolic cause. Significant TEE findings were determined for each @entity1 as recorded on the TEE report. The medical record was reviewed for baseline, clinical, and demographic variables and to determine whether significant management changes occurred as a result of the TEE findings. Potential significant changes in management included initiation of anticoagulation, placement of a @entity4616 ( @entity4616 ) closure device, initiation of antibiotic therapy for @entity884 , surgical @entity4616 closure, other cardiac surgery, and coil embolization of a @entity2702 . A significant change in management occurred in 243 @entity1 (16.7%); 173 (71%) underwent treatment for @entity4616 with a percutaneous @entity4616 closure device (n  = 100), initiation of chronic systemic anticoagulation (n  = 68), or surgical @entity4616 closure (n  = 5). Additional findings leading to a  change in management included @entity884 (n  = 20), aortic arch @entity1856 (n  =  14), @entity715 (n  = 13), @entity2702 (n  = 2), aortic valve fibroelastoma (n  = 2), other valve masses (n  = 4), and miscellaneous causes (n  = 15). In conclusion, in @entity1 with suspected @entity64 , TEE findings led to a change in management in 16.7% of @entity1 . Of these, most (71%) were directed at prevention of subsequent @entity2121 in @entity1 with @entity4616 .

title: Impact of Transesophageal Echocardiography on  Management in @entity1 With Suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical emboli']

entities_list: @entity2702 :: ('MESH:C562404', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac thrombus']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale', 'PFO']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Cardioembolic  Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard pleural evacuation devices are not practical for use on the battlefield. A small, portable, easy-to-use handpump (HP) that does not require continuous suction for treating @entity2004 would offer a major logistical advantage. In addition, using endotracheal tubes instead of regular pleural tubes would help minimize supplies carried on the battlefield. A @entity1707 model of penetrating @entity764 was designed to test this concept. Our hypothesis was that an HP would be as effective as the standard of care for the evacuation of a large @entity2004 . METHODS: A 2-cm lung laceration was created in 18 Yorkshire @entity1707 (35-51 kg) under inhaled anesthesia and 1.4 L of blood was infused into the @entity456 (200 mL every 15 minutes). Fluid resuscitation (2,000 mL of 0.9% saline) was started 15 minutes after injury, and animals were randomized into one of three groups: group 1, 36-Fr Argyle @entity1143 and Pleur-Evac chest drainage unit with 20-cm @entity2507 suction (control); group 2, 36-Fr @entity1143 attached to the HP; and group 3, a No. 8 endotracheal tube in the @entity456 attached to the HP. After 120 minutes, a thoracotomy was performed to determine the amount of residual blood in the @entity456 . RESULTS: Effectiveness of the three methods as a percentage of total blood (evacuated and retained) removed was measured over 2 hours. The handpump (group 2) performed better than the standard of care (group 1) at numerous time points and evacuated significantly (p < 0.05) more blood at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSION: Using the handpump with a @entity1143 was more effective than the standard of care in treating @entity6651 . The use of an endotracheal instead of a conventional @entity1143 had no adverse impact on efficacy of the pump in evacuating blood from the chest cavity.

title: A portable handpump is effective in the evacuation of hemothorax in a XXXX model of penetrating @entity764 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural tube']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury']

entities_list: @entity6651 :: ('MESH:D006491', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic hemothorax']

entities_list: @entity2004 :: ('MESH:D006468', 'Disease') :: ['hemopneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural space']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: Regular @entity591 with wide QRS complexes may be difficult to classify as @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) or @entity67 ( @entity67 ) without electrophysiologic studies. We felt that hemodynamic differences between @entity67 and @entity4710 should allow their distinction by echocardiography. In this study, we utilized high speed M-mode echocardiography in the usual projections in eight @entity1 during @entity591 . Two @entity1 had spontaneous @entity67 and three had spontaneous @entity4710 with aberrant conduction. The remaining three were @entity1 in sinus rhythm undergoing electrophysiologic studies in whom right @entity67 (RV) pacing (induced @entity67 ), right atrial (RA) pacing (induced @entity4710 ) and sequential RV-RA pacing (induced @entity67 with 1:1 retrograde conduction) were carried out. The echocardiographic parameters studied included: left @entity67 internal dimensions, time during which the mitral valve remained open (MVOT), left @entity67 ejection time (LVET) and pre-ejection period. We measured 20 consecutive beats and for each parameter defined its variability. During @entity616 ( @entity67 , RV pacing) there was always a striking beat-to-beat variability in the values of MVOT (68 percent to 129 percent) and in LVET (41 percent to 175 percent). In contrast, during A-V association ( @entity4710 , sequential RV-RA pacing, sinus rhythm) the maximal variability of MVOT and LVET was 22 percent and 12 percent, respectively. Variability during @entity616 could be explained by asynchronous timing of atrial systole. We conclude that echocardiography can readily identify @entity616 , a feature heavily in favor of a diagnosis of @entity67 .

title: A simple echocardiographic method to detect XXXX . A useful aid in the differential diagnosis of regular @entity591 with wide QRS complexes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular dissociation', 'A-V dissociation']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular dissociation']


abstract: We report three @entity1 with @entity3155 that resembled an @entity1187 . A 65 years old @entity1 , consulting in the emergency room for palpitations and @entity158 . EKG showed @entity591 and ST @entity308 that reverted spontaneously after an episode of @entity391 . A subsequent EKG demonstrated a @entity3155 and the accessory pathway was fulgurated. A 18 years old male presenting with @entity591 and @entity662 elicited during exercise. An EKG showed a @entity3155 and ST segment elevation in V2 and V3. A coronary angiogram was normal. The accessory pathway successfully fulgurated. A 63 years old @entity1 that presented @entity591 while exercising. She was subjected to an electrical cardioversion. An electrophysiological study showed an accessory pathway that was successfully fulgurated.

title: [ XXXX and ST segment abnormalities in @entity1 with accessory atrioventricular pathways. Report of three cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3155 :: ('MESH:D011226', 'Disease') :: ['pre-excitation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'regular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['Chest pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Young @entity1 with first-episode @entity716 (FEP) are at risk of a range of negative outcomes. Specialist FEP services have been developed to provide comprehensive, multi-disciplinary treatment. However, these services are often available for a restricted period and the services that young @entity1 may be transferred to are less comprehensive. This represents a risk of drop out from treatment services in a group already considered to be at risk of disengagement. Peer support groups have been shown to improve social relationships among @entity1 with @entity716 however individual peer support programs have not been tested on young @entity1 with first-episode @entity716 ; nor have they been tested at the point of discharge from services. METHODS/DESIGN: The study is an 18-month randomised controlled trial being conducted at Orygen Youth Health Research Centre in Melbourne, Australia. The aim of the study is to test the feasibility and effects of a 6-month peer support intervention delivered to young @entity1 with FEP over the period of discharge. @entity1 are young @entity1 aged 15-24 who are being discharged from a specialist first-episode @entity716 treatment centre. There is a 6-month recruitment period. The intervention comprises two hours of contact per fortnight during which peer support workers can assist @entity1 to engage with their new services, or other social and community activities. @entity1 will be assessed at baseline and post intervention (6 months). DISCUSSION: This paper describes the development of a randomised-controlled trial which aims to pilot a peer support program among young @entity1 who are being discharged from a specialist FEP treatment centre. If effective, the intervention could lead to benefits not only for @entity1 over the discharge period, but for peer support workers as well.

title: Study protocol: The development of a pilot study employing a randomised controlled design to investigate the feasibility and effects of a peer support program following discharge from a specialist first-episode XXXX treatment centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'Participants', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6818 ( @entity6818 ) and @entity6819 are rare auto-inflammatory diseases characterized by a triad of @entity1910 , @entity1596 , and symmetrical @entity625 occurring in early childhood. In this paper, we describe a case report very interesting for the multidisciplinary management (pediatric rheumatologist and ophthalmologist), the challenging diagnosis and the difficult choice of the best treatment. We describe a case report of an 8-year old with recurrent episodes of @entity1596 that developed bilateral granulomatous @entity5863 initially treated with topical and systemic @entity230 . Genetic testing for @entity6820 / @entity6820 revealed a heterozygous mutation on exon 4 in the NBD domain ( @entity6821 /SNP5). Therefore, an incomplete @entity6818 was suspected. Because @entity1596 worsening with multifocal @entity6519 aggravation, intravenous boluses of @entity1667 were administered. During the @entity230 tapering, she flared again, and @entity1499 was started along with corticosteroids pulse therapy. However, new ocular @entity738 appeared, macular @entity4 with poor visual outcome occurred, and therefore, adalimumab was added to @entity6822 and @entity230 . After 6  months since the new therapy started, she had a complete visual recovery, and she was able to stop @entity479 treatment. At 2  years of follow-up, she is still in remission on treatment, and her visual acuity is normal. No side effects were observed. In our @entity1 , we found a heterozygous mutation on exon 4 in the NBD domain ( @entity6821 /SNP5) of @entity6820 / @entity6820 gene and an incomplete @entity6818 was hypothesized. The role of this variant is currently under study. Adalimumab use dramatically changed the course of @entity2194 , prompting to stop @entity479 treatment and preserving visual acuity.

title: Successful treatment with adalimumab for severe multifocal choroiditis and XXXX in presumed (early-onset) @entity2194 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity6819 :: ('MESH:C538157', 'Disease') :: ['Blau syndrome']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['uveitis', 'acute uveitis', 'granulomatous uveitis']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity6818 :: ('MESH:C563714', 'Disease') :: ['EOS', 'Early-onset sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity5863 :: (MESH:D015864,Disease) :: ['panuveitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether low birth weight and low weight at 1 year are followed by an increased prevalence of @entity301 in adult life. DESIGN: A follow up study of @entity1 born during 1920-30 whose birth weights and weights at 1 year were recorded. SETTING: Hertfordshire, England. SUBJECTS: 290 @entity1 born and still living in East Hertfordshire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The prevalence of @entity301 , defined by the Rose/WHO @entity662 questionnaire, standard electrocardiographic criteria, or history of coronary artery angioplasty or graft surgery. RESULTS: 42 (14%) @entity1 had @entity301 . Their mean birth weight, 7.9 lb (3600 g), was the same as that of the other @entity1 . Their mean weight at 1 year, 21.8 lb (9.9 kg), was 1 lb (454 g) lower (95% confidence interval 0.1 to 1.8, P = 0.02). Percentages of @entity1 with @entity301 fell from 27% in those who weighed 18 lb (8.2 kg) or less at 1 year to 9% in those who weighed more than 26 lb (11.8 kg) (P value for trend = 0.03). This trend occurred in both smokers and non-smokers and within each social class. CONCLUSION: These findings add to the evidence that @entity301 is "programmed" during early growth.

title: Weight in infancy and prevalence of XXXX in adult life.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Evidence of relationship between @entity354 ( @entity354 ) and obstructive @entity386 in some near-miss @entity1 , led us to investigate its possibility in adults. Our purpose was to look for 1) sleep stages of @entity354 occurrence, and 2) the possible chronological link between @entity387 and @entity354 . Eight @entity28 @entity1 were investigated. Esophageal pHmetry was carried out on two consecutive nights. On the second night, sleep polygraphy was performed including EEG, EOG, EMG, nasal and buccal flows, @entity1514 and abdominal motions. Esophageal pHmetry was analyzed between the onset of sleep and the definite waking. Fifteen @entity354 episodes occurred in 4 of the 8 @entity1 . Fourteen of them occurred during wakefulness or transient arousals. Only 1 occurred during REM sleep. Four hundred forty five @entity386 were recorded in 7 @entity1 . None of the obstructive @entity386 , or mixed @entity386 followed or preceded a @entity354 . In 1 @entity1 , 2 central @entity386 succeeded to @entity354 during REM sleep. We conclude that 1) @entity354 , as in healthy subjects, occurs essentially during wakefulness or transient arousals; 2) in these @entity1 , we did not establish a causal relationship between @entity354 and obstructive @entity386 nor between @entity386 and @entity354 .

title: [Gastroesophageal reflux during++ sleep in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apneas']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['GER', 'gastrooesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The REACH Registry is the largest worldwide designed to obtain information on @entity65 factor control and preventive treatment in a population who have, or are at risk of having, symptoms of atherothrombosis. The objective of this study is to show the results of cardiovascular events obtained in a sample of the Spanish population at one year follow-up and intervention. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The REACH Spain registry is a prospective cohort study of subjects with vascular risk factors (ORF) for atherothrombosis or with symptomatic @entity455 ( @entity455 ): @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and/or @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and/or @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). The main outcome measures were rates of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV) @entity204 , and the overall combined CV @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or @entity64 and CV hospitalization at one year follow-up. RESULTS: In Spain 2,516 @entity1 were recruited and 2,252 completed one year follow-up, the mean age was 68,1 (73,8% @entity1 ), 11,6% of subjects with ORF and 88,5% with @entity455 , 55% with @entity453 , 33% with @entity66 and 17% with @entity3657 . The annual rate of all-cause mortality in @entity455 and ORF groups were 3,57% and 1,98% (NS) respectively, while for CV @entity204 they were 2,69% and 0,62% (P<.05) and for overall combined CV @entity204 @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or @entity64 and CV hospitalization they were 15,34% and 5,47% (P=.0001). The annual rate of CV @entity204 for @entity453 , @entity66 and @entity3657 groups were 3,47%, 2,78% and 1,46% respectively, and for the overall combined CV @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ) , or @entity64 and CV hospitalization they were 18,52%, 13,75% and 14,52%. These event rates increased with the number of symptomatic @entity455 locations from 0,1,2 or 3 for CV @entity204 (0,62%, 2,46%, 3,55% and 4,32%, respectively P<.05) and for overall combined CV @entity204 @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or @entity64 and CV hospitalization (5,50%, 4,18%, 20,59% y 19,40%, respectively P<.0001). At one year follow-up, 82,8% of the @entity1 were with at least one antiplatelet drug and 86,2% were receiving lipid-lowering agents. CONCLUSIONS: The REACH Spain Registry at one year follow-up in @entity1 with @entity66 or at risk of having symptoms of atherothrombosis shows a high rate of all-cause mortality and of overall combined major CV events, which is becoming higher as the number of symptomatic @entity455 locations increases.

title: [ XXXX at 1-year of follow-up in @entity1 with atherothrombosis. On behalf of Spain's REACH Registry].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease', 'vascular disease', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease', 'atherothrombotic disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular complications']


abstract: In order to identify the spectrum of @entity2674 mutations in African Americans, @entity5344 @entity1 from 74 independent families at elevated risk of germline mutations were investigated. The entire coding regions and flanking introns of @entity2674 were screened for germline mutations by single-stranded conformation polymorphism, protein truncation test, or denaturing high performance liquid chromatography followed by DNA sequencing. Eight distinct protein-truncating mutations were detected in six female @entity1 (average age of onset of @entity0 : 37.6 years) and two male @entity1 , but not in 163 unrelated disease-free controls. Two ( @entity21527 , @entity21528 ) of the eight pathogenic mutations observed in African Americans have not been previously described. The other six pathogenic mutations ( @entity21529 , @entity21530 , @entity21531 , @entity21532 , @entity21533 , @entity21534 ) have been detected in Caucasians; only the @entity21532 mutation has been reported previously in African Americans. There were no significant differences in the frequency of deleterious @entity2674 mutations in African Americans compared with Caucasians. Six rare variations, not previously reported, were identified in five @entity0 @entity1 but not in 163 disease-free control subjects. Of 11 different polymorphisms identified in high-risk African-American @entity0 @entity1 , four may be unique to African Americans. An intron 10 polymorphism observed in @entity1 was not detected in 163 disease-free African-American control subjects; this difference is statistically significant. Since many different pathogenic mutations and variants of unknown significance are observed in African Americans, @entity2674 genetic testing in high-risk African-American families must include the entire coding and flanking non-coding regions of the gene.

title: Inherited XXXX mutations in African Americans with @entity5344 : a study of familial and early onset cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity21531 :: ('c|DEL|2001|TTAT', 'DNAMutation') :: ['2001delTTAT']

entities_list: @entity21530 :: ('c|DEL|1991|ATAA', 'DNAMutation') :: ['1991delATAA']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the occurrence and the risk factors of back-related loss of working time in @entity1 undergoing surgery for lumbar disc herniation. One hundred and fifty-two gainfully employed @entity1 underwent surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Two months postoperatively, those @entity1 completed a self-report questionnaire including queries on back and @entity158 (VAS), functional capacity ( @entity717 index--ODI, version 1.0), and motivation to work. After 5 years, lost working time was evaluated by means of a postal questionnaire about sick leave and disability pensions. The cumulative number of back @entity158 -related days-off work was calculated for each @entity1 . All 152 @entity1 , 86 @entity1 and 66 @entity1 , were prescribed sick leave for the first 2 months. Thereafter, 80 (53%) of them reported back @entity158 or early retirement. A permanent @entity717 pension due to back problems was awarded to 15 (10%) @entity1 , 5 @entity1 (6%) and 10 @entity1 (15%). Median number of all @entity717 days per year was 11 (interquartile range [IQR] 9-37); it was 9 days (IQR 9-22) in @entity1 with minimal disability (ODI score 0-20) at 2 months postoperatively and 67 days (IQR 9-352) in those with moderate or severe disability (ODI > 20; P < 0.001). The respective means were 61, 29, and 140 days/year. Multivariate analysis showed ODI > 20, @entity158 , and poor motivation to work to be the risk factors for extension of @entity717 . Results of the present study show that after the lumbar disc surgery, poor outcome in questionnaire measures the physical functioning (ODI) and @entity158 at 2 months postoperatively, as well as poor motivation to work, are associated with the loss of working time. @entity1 with unfavourable prognosis should be directed to rehabilitation before the loss of employment.

title: Risk factors for back XXXX of working time after surgery for lumbar disc herniation: a 5-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability', 'Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related sick leave', 'pain', 'leg pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain-related loss']


abstract: Aggressive double- and triple-hit (DH/TH) diffuse large @entity1892 (DLBCLs) feature activation of @entity4041 stress pathways. Herein, we show that @entity4041 controls posttranscriptional dynamics of key messenger RNA (mRNA) species including those encoding @entity4042 , MYC, and @entity588 . Using a proteomics approach, we found that @entity4041 binds to and maintains activity of @entity4043 . @entity4043 drives nuclear export and translation of @entity4042 , MYC, and @entity588 mRNA. @entity4043 RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing in DLBCL suggests that nuclear @entity4043 controls an extended program that includes B-cell receptor signaling, cellular metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. Accordingly, @entity4043 was required for survival of DLBCL including the most aggressive subtypes, @entity706 . Indeed, @entity4043 inhibition induces @entity5 regression in cell line and @entity1 -derived tumorgrafts of TH-DLBCL, even in the presence of elevated @entity4041 activity. Targeting @entity4041 is typically limited by counterregulatory elevation of @entity4044 , which induces resistance to @entity4041 inhibitors. Surprisingly, we identify @entity2285 mRNA as an @entity4043 target. In this way, @entity4043 inhibition can overcome drug resistance to @entity4041 inhibitors. Accordingly, rational combinatorial inhibition of @entity4043 and @entity4041 inhibitors resulted in cooperative antilymphoma activity in DH/TH DLBCL in vitro and in vivo.

title: Combinatorial targeting of nuclear export and translation of RNA inhibits aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['DH/TH lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2804 is a commonly utilized agent for chemical resurfacing of the face. Jessner's solution in combination with @entity2804 has been previously described for the treatment of facial rhytids in the dermatology literature. The purpose of this study was to describe the application technique and examine the clinical results of Jessner's solution in combination with @entity2804 in a diverse plastic surgery @entity1 population. METHOD: A retrospective chart evaluation of 105 @entity1 undergoing combination Jessner's and 35% @entity2804 facial peel procedures by the senior author was performed. @entity1 demographics, anatomic location of peel, concomitant surgical procedures, and @entity260 were noted. Technique and endpoints are described. RESULTS: Between January of 2000 and April of 2007, 115 chemical peels were performed by the senior author. All @entity1 were female, ranging in age from 32 to 83 years (mean, 54 years). Of the 115 chemical peels performed, 104 were done with concomitant procedures. Eleven peels were performed alone. The most significant complications related to the combination peel were @entity364 (7.8 percent overall rate). In addition, the senior author performed 27 face/neck lifts with superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS)-ectomy or SMAS plication along with full face combination peel, with minimal @entity260 and no evidence of @entity2805 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of Jessner's solution and 35% @entity2804 is an effective, safe resurfacing tool that can treat superficial to moderate rhytids. Despite the apparent simplicity of the procedure, there is a significant learning curve to understand the intricacies of chemical penetration in the skin. Consistency in results is achieved with experience and proper preoperative @entity1 evaluation and selection.

title: Combination Jessner's solution and XXXX chemical peel: technique and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scarring']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroacetic acid', 'trichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity2804 :: (MESH:D014238,Chemical) :: ['trichloroacetic acid']


abstract: In @entity27 has gained increasing interest. Treatment of choice is nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation during sleep for upper airway patency, which does not cure sleep @entity386 and has to be applied throughout a @entity1 's lifetime. In respect to various underlying pathomechanisms, in certain cases with @entity2122 , causal therapy by @entity2122 seems possible. A series of 21 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3572 were treated primarily with a 10-mm maxillomandibular advancement by retromolar sagittal split osteotomy and Le Fort-I osteotomy, respectively. @entity27 was considerably improved in all @entity1 . In 20 of 21 @entity1 , the postoperative respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced clearly to under 10, @entity26 saturation rose and sleep quality improved. This was achieved by a maxillomandibular advancement of 10 mm without secondary refinements. In one @entity1 the RDI could only be reduced to 20, probably due to insufficient maxillary advancement; @entity26 desaturations still existed despite secondary corrections. These results indicate that successful surgical treatment is possible in a high percentage of selected @entity1 with certain craniofacial characteristics. In addition to cardiorespiratory polysomnography there should be routine cephalometric evaluation of all @entity1 . Maxillomandibular advancement should be offered as an alternative therapy to all @entity1 with maxillary and/or mandibular deficiency or dolichofacial type in combination with narrow posterior airway space.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX by maxillomandibular advancement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial osteotomies', 'craniofacial disorders']

entities_list: @entity3572 :: ('MESH:D008336', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary and mandibular deficiency']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['recent years obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether the cumulus oophorus cells surrounding the @entity1 oocyte release a factor(s) that stimulates sperm velocity. Medium from @entity52 ( @entity52 ) that was exposed to cumulus/oocyte complexes was tested for its ability to stimulate sperm velocity by use of a computerized sperm motion analyzer. In subsequent experiments, primary cultures of cumulus cells, granulosa cells, and @entity43 cells were established, and conditioned medium from these cells was assessed for sperm velocity-stimulating activity. In the initial series of assays using four sperm donors, cumulus/oocyte complex-conditioned medium from @entity52 increased sperm curvilinear velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement by an average of 12.3% and 19.3% (p < 0.0001), respectively, compared to medium from @entity52 that was not exposed to cumulus/oocyte complexes. These results were confirmed in a subsequent, more extensive series of assays using a single sperm donor. Testing of conditioned media after 24 h of primary cell culture showed that cumulus-conditioned medium consistently stimulated curvilinear velocity (8.8% increase) and lateral head amplitude (18.7% increase) compared to unconditioned medium (p < 0.0001) in a manner similar to cumulus/oocyte complex-conditioned medium. In contrast, granulosa-conditioned medium and @entity43 cell-conditioned medium did not stimulate curvilinear velocity and lateral head amplitude compared to unconditioned medium. The ability of cumulus-conditioned medium to stimulate curvilinear velocity and lateral head amplitude declined gradually during the 5-day culture period. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the cumulus released velocity-stimulating activity throughout the culture period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Conditioned medium from XXXX cumulus oophorus cells stimulates @entity1 sperm velocity.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Fifty-one @entity1 treated for an @entity43 underwent a second-look operation (SLO) from August 1979 to December 1984. Previously, an @entity1613 had been performed for staging and maximum cytoreductive surgery. This was followed by 6 to 12 courses of combination chemotherapy including @entity900 . Findings at SLO and outcome are discussed as regards extent of initial surgery, preoperative assessment and secondary debulking procedure. In this work, the findings at SLO were often predictable, and related to the adequacy of initial surgery and to a clinical complete response. Nevertheless, after incomplete initial cytoreductive surgery, SLO appears the best procedure to assess the status of the peritoneal cavity and the efficacy of chemotherapy. Negative SLO after incomplete initial surgery assessed a complete response rate of 34% induced by the @entity900 -based chemotherapy. Survival rate of @entity1 with a negative SLO was 93% at 3 years, which demonstrated the highly significant value of SLO in prognosis. Conversely, @entity1 survival with positive findings at SLO was very low, whatever resection can be made. As this work and similar studies by others showed that it could improve @entity1 survival, an attempt should be made to a secondary debulk of @entity41 , and it seems interesting to perform further such secondary resections until definite conclusions can be drawn about this procedure.

title: Second-look laparotomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial laparotomy']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['managing epithelial ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A Potts shunt has been proposed as effective palliative therapy in @entity1 with severe @entity120 ( @entity120 ) who have suprasystemic right ventricular pressures. METHODS: A retrospective single-center study was performed to assess outcomes in 5 @entity1 who underwent a Potts shunt for severe @entity120 . RESULTS: All 5 @entity1 were in World Health Organization functional class IV. Only 3 @entity1 were classified as having @entity8577 . Preoperatively, 4 @entity1 were receiving intravenous @entity8578 , and 3 were placed on intravenous inotropes for acute right-side @entity712 . Three @entity1 were potential lung transplant candidates. All but 1 @entity1 had evidence for suprasystemic right heart pressures immediately before their operation. All 5 @entity1 survived the procedure without significant complications. Four of the 5 @entity1 were successfully discharged from the hospital and have had sustained clinical improvement with follow-up ranging from approximately 5 to 16 months. The @entity1 who did not have suprasystemic right-side heart pressures before the operation did not benefit from the Potts shunt. CONCLUSIONS: The Potts shunt can be an effective palliation for @entity1 with severe @entity120 . Our results further suggest that (1) a Potts shunt should be considered early in a @entity1 's clinical course, before right ventricular deterioration develops; (2) a Potts shunt should be considered in any @entity1 with severe, intractable @entity120 regardless of etiology; (3) one might consider a Potts shunt in lieu of intravenous prostacyclins; and (4) a Potts shunt should be considered before lung transplantation and does not preclude future transplantation candidacy.

title: Potts Shunt and XXXX : What We Have Learned.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity8577 :: ('MESH:D065627', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary arterial PH']

entities_list: @entity8578 :: ('MESH:D044062', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclins']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension']


abstract: This study evaluated the effects of intravitreal injections of 300 micrograms of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) on electroretinogram (ERG) amplitudes and implicit response times of adult pigmented @entity95 . One eye was injected intravitreally with 300 micrograms @entity2955 and 600 micrograms @entity620 in a 0.3 ml 0.9% @entity1219 solution; the fellow eye received a similar solution containing only 600 micrograms @entity620 . Following this treatment ERG recordings were performed at 1, 4, and 7 days. After the last recordings, animals were sacrificed and retinas were isolated for biochemical analyses. Significant and progressive reductions in retinal concentrations of @entity935 (DA) and its main metabolites @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ), and @entity16750 ( @entity4925 ) were found in treated retinas. Concentrations of @entity1063 (NE), @entity750 ( @entity750 ), and 5 @entity5581 ( @entity5581 ) were not affected, thus demonstrating the specific @entity2359 action of @entity2955 on retinal dopaminergic neurons. Concurrently, significant increases in ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes as well as in implicit response times were observed. These electrophysiological changes were progressive reaching a maximum 7 days after intravitreal injections. Changes in b-wave amplitudes and response times were more pronounced at low intensities of stimulation. These results clearly show that, in @entity95 , selective decreases in retinal DA concentrations result in pronounced ERG changes, which offer additional evidence supporting a role for this transmitter in lateral inhibition in the retina.

title: Effects of retinal XXXX depletion on the @entity95 electroretinogram.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5581 :: ('MESH:D006897', 'Chemical') :: ['5-HIAA', 'hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5HT', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity16750 :: ('CHEBI:61409', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Atypical @entity5 (ASTs) are rare spitzoid neoplasms of uncertain biological behavior. Our study was designed to characterize @entity74 that may help to differentiate ASTs from @entity320 or Spitz nevi. We examined copy number variation in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded samples using an Agilent 44k array comparative genomic hybridization platform. Sixteen @entity1 with @entity6571 (8 with positive sentinel lymph node biopsy, 1 with distant @entity3 ), 8 @entity1 with Spitz nevi, and 3 @entity1 with @entity320 (2 spitzoid, 1 superficial spreading) were evaluated. @entity2008 were found in 7 of 16 ASTs, 1 with fatal outcome, 2 spitzoid @entity320 , and 1 conventional @entity320 . We found no difference in chromosomal instability between @entity6571 @entity1 with positive and negative sentinel lymph node biopsies. Our @entity1 with widely metastatic @entity6571 lacked the most frequent aberrations in @entity320 involving chromosomes 6 and 11q that are loci targeted by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes developed to distinguish @entity320 from @entity75 . The vast majority of @entity2008 observed in ASTs are not commonly found in @entity320 , suggesting that @entity6571 may be a distinct clinical entity and raising additional questions regarding their malignant potential, prognosis, and clinical management. The current FISH probes failed to detect 1 @entity320 , 1 fatal metastatic @entity6571 case, and the other chromosomally aberrant ASTs in our series, but detected 1 @entity320 and 1 conventional @entity320 . Thus, a comprehensive, genome-wide approach to @entity2008 offered greater sensitivity and specificity than current FISH probes in identifying spitzoid lesions of uncertain malignant potential in this series.

title: Copy number variations and clinical outcome in atypical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Spitz tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['benign melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'Chromosomal aberrations']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'spitzoid melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['spitz tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity increases the risk of @entity2737 following surgery for @entity694 . Considerably less data is available, however, regarding the impact of @entity28 on @entity281 and wound complications after resection for @entity5 . Additionally, the impact of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) on complications in rectal surgery remains unclear. We hypothesized that @entity28 is associated with prolonged operative time and more @entity166 in @entity28 @entity1 undergoing both MIS and open surgery for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of retrospective surgical database. RESULTS: One hundred fifty @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity5 from 2002 to 2009. Open cases accounted for 72% (n = 108) and MIS for 28% (n = 42) of cases. BMI did not correlate with increased operative time in open rectal surgery, but in MIS @entity1 , operative time increased from a median of 254 min in the lowest quartile of BMI to 333 min in the highest quartile (P < 0.004). @entity2737 in open rectal surgery increased from 17% to 52% with increasing BMI (P < 0.005). The increased rate of wound complications persisted in the MIS group. Rate of superficial @entity2737 and subsequent open packing in the MIS group increased from 0% in the lowest BMI quartile to 33% in the highest quartile (P < 0.029 and P < 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated BMI is associated with @entity455 in both minimally invasive and open rectal surgery. This trend may be related to prolonged operative time in @entity28 @entity1 , particularly in MIS. Our observations suggest that more aggressive techniques to prevent @entity281 are warranted in @entity28 @entity1 undergoing rectal surgery.

title: @entity28 in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['increased wound complications']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Superficial wound infections', 'wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The use of comet assay is not new in the evaluation of genotoxic potential of different agents; however, its broad use in product safety for regulatory testing is a relatively new approach. The present study was aimed to integrate genotoxicity tests (micronucleus and comet assay) in 28 days repeated dose @entity137 of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity19 . @entity1500 was administered at the dose of 0.5, 1 and 2mg/kg per oral repeatedly for 28 days in @entity19 . The endpoints of evaluation for routine @entity137 testing included body weight, organ weight, food intake, water intake, hematology and histology, while for the genotoxicity testing micronucleus and comet assay were used. There were no significant changes in food intake, water intake and organ weight; however, the body weight significantly decreased at the highest dose of @entity1500 treatment as compared to control group. Histological data revealed the morphological alterations in the liver and lung cells at the highest dose of @entity1500 treatment. Micronucleus assay results indicated that the highest dose of @entity1500 led to significant increase in MNERTs/1000ERTs (P<0.001) as compared to control group. Further, percentage of reticulocytes (% RETs) was significantly decreased at the highest dose of @entity1500 as compared to control group. Comet assay results indicate significant DNA damage in different organs induced by @entity1500 as compared to control group. The results of the present study successfully demonstrates the integration of genotoxicity tests using comet and micronucleus assay in 28 days repeated dose @entity137 test. Integration of genotoxicity test with routine @entity137 test would reduce the cost of additional animals, test item and provide further information at an early stage of product development.

title: Evaluation of multi-organ DNA damage by comet assay from 28 days repeated dose @entity137 test in @entity19 : a practical approach for test integration in regulatory XXXX testing.

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'oral toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Topical nitrates have been shown to cause @entity842 -mediated relaxation of the internal anal sphincter. Previous reports have suggested initial efficacy in the treatment of anal fissures. The aim of this study was to assess the longer-term usefulness of this treatment. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 with an anal fissure were treated with topical 0.3% @entity1242 ointment, applied to the anoderm three times per day and after bowel movements. @entity1 were followed up by office visits and telephone calls until symptoms were completely resolved or treatment was noted to be ineffective or intolerable. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were treated, 16 with acute fissures, and 17 with chronic fissures. @entity1242 was effective in 9 of 16 acute fissures (56%), and 7 of 17 chronic fissures (41%). Even when effective, 75% of @entity1 reported an adverse reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity1242 was only effective in approximately one-half of @entity1 with an anal fissure. There was a very high incidence of adverse reactions. In our experience @entity1242 more often causes a @entity10 than treats the symptoms of anal fissure.

title: XXXX ointment for anal fissures: effective treatment or just a @entity10 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['Nitroglycerin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Overexpression of calcineurin causes @entity1283 and arrhythmic deaths. During disease development, sinus @entity1168 followed by high degree atrioventricular (AV) block finally culminating in @entity1167 has been observed over time in calcineurin hearts. @entity713 is associated with the development of pleomorphic @entity1165 in @entity19 and downregulation of @entity972 currents in ventricular myocytes. We tested the hypothesis that the @entity713 and propensity to @entity1165 relate to overexpression of calcineurin independent of the development of @entity1184 . METHODS: Cardiac electrophysiologic properties were compared in isolated perfused hearts with @entity123 due to overexpression of calcineurin or @entity25204 and in their corresponding wild types at 15 or 30 days of age. RESULTS: Compared to wild-type hearts, significant prolongation of sinus node recovery times was noted in both @entity25204 and calcineurin hearts. Compared to wild-type hearts, Wenckebach cycle length (WCL) and the left ventricular effective refractory period (LVERP) were significantly prolonged in the calcineurin hearts (p<0.05) but not @entity25204 hearts. In calcineurin @entity19 , left ventricular effective refractory period impinged on Wenckebach cycle length resulting in a significant correlation between left ventricular effective refractory period and Wenckebach cycle length (r(2)=0.56). No such correlation was observed for wild type or @entity25204 hearts. At 30 days of development, @entity1165 developed in 70% of calcineurin hearts compared to 0% wild-type hearts (p=0.003), whereas @entity1165 was observed in 33% of @entity25204 hearts and 10% of corresponding wild-type hearts (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: The prolonged ventricular refractoriness, seen only in calcineurin hearts, impinges on Wenckebach cycle length resulting in @entity616 and is associated with propensity to @entity1165 .

title: XXXX in @entity19 overexpressing calcineurin but not @entity25204 .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'abnormalities of AV block']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular asystole']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['Heart block']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5813 is a lupus susceptibility locus that has been linked to @entity631 in the NZM2410 @entity19 . By itself, @entity5813 does not induce any autoimmune pathology but results in the accumulation of B-1a cells. This study was designed to assess the contribution of @entity5813 to the pathogenesis of @entity792 . METHODS: @entity5813 or its subcongenic intervals (Sle2a, Sle2b, and Sle2c1) were bred to Fas-deficient B6.lpr @entity19 . Lymphoid phenotypes, which were focused on T cells, were assessed by flow cytometry, and histopathologic changes were compared between cohorts of B6. @entity5813 .lpr congenic @entity19 and B6.lpr @entity19 of ages up to 6 months. RESULTS: @entity5813 synergized with lpr, resulting in a greatly accelerated lymphadenopathy that largely targeted T cells and mapped to the Sle2c1 locus. This locus has been identified as the main contributor to B-1a cell expansion. Further analyses showed that Sle2c1 expression skewed the differentiation and polarization of Fas-deficient T cells, with a reduction of the @entity1961 +CD25+ @entity3744 + regulatory T cell subset and an expansion of the Th17 cells. This was associated with a high number of T cell infiltrates that promoted severe @entity1310 and @entity1909 in the B6.Sle2c1.lpr @entity19 . CONCLUSION: These results show that Sle2c1 contributes to lupus pathogenesis by affecting T cell differentiation in combination with other susceptibility loci, such as lpr. The significance of the cosegregation of this phenotype and B-1a cell expansion in Sle2c1-expressing @entity19 in relation to the pathogenesis of lupus is discussed.

title: The NZM2410-derived lupus susceptibility locus Sle2c1 increases Th17 polarization and induces @entity1310 in fas-deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Eight of the known chemical substances associated with @entity5 in @entity1 are known to target the urinary bladder urothelium. Preneoplastic changes have been identified following exposure to each of these chemicals, and they have also been seen to occur in many species of lab animals. The most important such change is @entity1613 . @entity1373 is the first form of @entity1373 to appear. It can be seen both in untreated controls and dosed animals. The distinguishing features are that in treated groups it does not progress with dose or time, and the process is reversible. Reparative @entity1373 involves disruption of homeostasis. Its severity increases with dose and time. It is not seen in controls but it is still reversible during the recovery segment after exposure to a toxic substance. When @entity1373 continues beyond a certain threshold of time and dose, it progresses to @entity1613 , which further progresses with continued stimulation to @entity5 . The synthetic @entity3405 penem antibiotic @entity21669 and its metabolite @entity21670 caused adaptive @entity1373 of the urinary bladder only in @entity35 and in no other species. Based on the pharmacokinetic profile of @entity21669 and @entity21670 , it can be deduced that the morphologic finding of adaptive @entity1373 is caused by reduction of intravesicular urine pH. This effect has no relevance to therapeutic use in @entity1 . Further, it is important to distinguish @entity1373 in preclinical @entity137 studies.

title: Urinary bladder hyperplasia in the @entity35 : non-specific pathogenetic considerations using a XXXX antibiotic.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['frank neoplasia', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial hyperplasia', 'reparative hyperplasia', 'adaptive and reparative hyperplasia', 'Adaptive hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic hyperplasia']

answer: @entity3405 :: (CHEBI:35627,Chemical) :: ['beta-lactam']