abstract: BACKGROUND: It is still not clear how combined vascular resection affects the outcome of @entity1 with @entity201 . Our aim was to evaluate implications of combined vascular resection in @entity1 with @entity201 by analyzing the outcomes of all @entity1 who underwent operative resection. METHODS: A total of 161 of 228 consecutive @entity1 with @entity201 underwent bile duct resection with various types of hepatectomy (88%) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (4%). Combined vascular resection was carried out in 43 @entity1 . Thirty-four @entity1 had portal vein resection alone, 7 @entity1 had both portal vein and hepatic artery resection, and 2 @entity1 had right hepatic artery resection only. The outcomes were compared between the 3 groups: the portal vein resection alone (34), hepatic artery resection (9), and non-vascular resection (118). RESULTS: Histologically-positive @entity5 invasion to the portal vein beyond the adventitia was present in 80% of 44 @entity1 undergoing combined portal vein resection. Operative mortality occurred in 11 (7%) @entity1 . The survival rates of the non-vascular resection group were better than that of the portal vein resection alone and the hepatic artery resection groups: 1, 3, and 5 years after curative resection, 72%, 52%, and 41% versus 47%, 31%, and 25% (P < .05), and 17%, 0%, and 0% (P < .0001), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed 4 independent prognostic factors of adverse effect on survival after operation; operative curability, lymph node @entity3 , portal vein resection, and hepatic artery resection. CONCLUSIONS: Although both portal vein and hepatic artery resection are independent poor prognostic factors after curative operative resection of locally advanced @entity201 , portal vein resection is acceptable from an operative risk perspective and might improve the prognosis in the selected @entity1 , however, combined hepatic artery resection can not be justified.

title: Combined vascular resection in operative resection for XXXX : does it work or not?

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Despite the availability of a variety of effective antihypertensive drugs, inadequate control of blood pressure is common in @entity101 @entity1 . The aim of this study was investigate whether the alpha-adducin G460W polymorphism or angiotensinogen @entity7742 polymorphism has an effect on the mean difference in blood pressure in subjects using antihypertensive drugs. Data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in the Netherlands, was used. This study started in 1990 and included 7983 subjects of 55 years and older. Data from three examination rounds were used. Subjects were included when their blood pressure was elevated at 1 or more examinations and/or a diuretic, beta-blocker, @entity460 antagonist, or @entity1289 inhibitor was used. A marginal generalized linear model was used to assess the drug-gene interaction. In total, 3025 @entity101 were included. No drug-gene interaction on blood pressure levels was found. The mean difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) between subjects with the W-allele and GG genotype of the alpha-adducin gene was for diuretic users 1.25 mmHg (95% CI:-2.86 to 5.35), for beta-blockers 0.02 mmHg (95% CI:-3.39 to 3.42), for @entity460 antagonists -0.70 mmHg (95% CI:-5.61 to 4.21), and for @entity1289 inhibitors -3.50 mmHg (95% CI:-9.02 to 2.02). The mean difference in SBP between subjects with the TT and MM genotype was for diuretic users -2.33 mmHg (95% CI:-8.32 to 3.66), for beta-blocker -0.06 mmHg (95% CI:-4.91 to 4.79), for @entity460 antagonist 0.59 mmHg (95% CI:-5.95 to 7.13), and for @entity1289 inhibitor -2.33 mmHg (95% CI:-9.66 to 5.01). The G460W polymorphism and the @entity7742 polymorphism did not modify the difference in blood pressure levels among subjects who used diuretics, beta-blockers, @entity460 antagonists, or @entity1289 inhibitors.

title: The influence of the alpha-adducin G460W polymorphism and angiotensinogen XXXX polymorphism on antihypertensive medication and blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity7742 :: (p|SUB|M|235|T,ProteinMutation) :: ['M235T']


abstract: The prognosis in cases of inoperable advanced @entity1086 is poor. We report here a case of inoperable advanced @entity1086 that responded to treatment with continuous intra-arterial infusion of @entity1487 and bolus injection of LV for biochemical modulation. The @entity1 was an 81-year-old @entity1 , who visited a nearby clinic with the chief complaints of general fatigue and right lateral @entity490 . A @entity66 which occupied from the dorsal surface of the liver to the pancreatic head was found by ultrasonography, and she was referred to our hospital for further diagnosis and therapy. The diagnosis was advanced @entity1086 of Stage IVa (S2, N3, P0, H0, Hinf1, Dinf1). For the selective arterial infusion of anticancer drugs, the @entity1 underwent intra-arterial cannulation into the common hepatic artery, with a connecting subcutaneous port for arterial infusion therapy. The treatment schedule for @entity1487 and LV therapy consisted of continuous infusion of @entity1487 of 333 mg/m2 for 72 hr and bolus injection of LV of 20 mg/m2 3 times at 24 hr intervals. This treatment was repeated every 2 weeks. No side effects were observed after the first administration during hospitalization, so the treatment was continued up to 17 times on an outpatient basis. A @entity5 response was seen in the @entity75 , No. 8 and No. 16 lymph node @entity3 . A partial response was observed for 13 months and the overall survival was 15 months. These findings may imply that treatment with intra-arterial infusion of @entity1487 and LV can be an effective chemotherapy for prolongation of survival in @entity1 with inoperable advanced @entity1086 .

title: [A case of inoperable advanced XXXX responding to intra-arterial infusion of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and leucovorin (LV)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gall bladder cancer']


abstract: A 34 year-old @entity1 , who had been under care with diagnosis of @entity30 in the department of gastroenterology of our hospital since 1983, was referred to our urological clinic on May 21, 1987, because of right @entity3041 found on ultrasonography. He did not complain of any urological symptoms. He underwent further roentgenographic examinations and a diagnosis of @entity3041 complicated with @entity30 was made. On surgery of July 30, resection of @entity75 , end-to-end ileocolostomy, right ureterolysis were performed. He is now visiting our clinic without recurrence of @entity3041 up to present (7 months). In addition, we reviewed the 41 cases of @entity5450 complicated with @entity30 in the literature reported in Japan. The cases were of vesicoenteric @entity292 including pericystitis (33 cases), @entity3041 (10 cases), @entity1791 (2 cases) and ureterocolonic @entity292 (1 case). The @entity1 were from 10 to 57 years (27.2 years in average) old. Sex distribution was uneven, 39 of @entity1 were @entity1 and 2 were @entity1 . Urologic surgery was performed in almost all of the cases except for the @entity1 with @entity1791 . All the @entity1 having vesicoenteric @entity292 had urological complaints but the @entity1 with @entity3041 were relatively free from urological complaints. Thus, @entity30 has been recognized as an important @entity344 for urologists, and we will emphasize that periodical abdominal ultrasonography and urography for the @entity1 with this disease should be necessary for checking up other complications such as @entity3041 .

title: [ XXXX caused by @entity30 : a case report--review of 41 cases with urinary tract complication reported in Japan].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ileocecal lesion']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological disorders']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['Hydronephrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute @entity8 is common condition in the neonatal intensive care unit and it is associated with poor outcome. The incidence of neonatal AKI is the highest one followed by adults and @entity1 , depending on different factors such as the gestational age, birth weight, contributing conditions and the facilities of the neonatal intensive care unit. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, risk factors and the outcome of the neonatal @entity810 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a clinical, prospective study that was performed in a referent NICU at the University @entity1 's Hospital in Skopje. All neonates admitted from January 2012 to December 20014 with documented @entity810 were included. The medical data records of the admitted neonates with AKI were analyzed. The material was statistically processed using methods of the descriptive statistics. RESULTS: During the study period 770 newborn @entity1 were admitted to the NICU and 50 (6.5%) @entity1 developed @entity810 . The male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Most of the neonates involved in the study were neonates born at term (62%). Oliguric AKI was found in 28 cases (56%) and no oliguric in 22 cases (44%). The prevalence of prerenal, renal and post renal AKI were 78.5%, 19.5% and 2.0% respectively. Perinatal @entity1763 was the most common predisposing factor for AKI and was evaluated in 38% of the cases with predominance of term @entity1 and male. The mortality rate was 32% and was significantly higher in the group of @entity1 with @entity299 . CONCLUSION: AKI is a life threatening condition with still high mortality rate. Early recognition of the risk factors and the rapid effective treatment of the contributing conditions will reduce AKI in the neonatal period.

title: XXXX in Newborns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart diseases']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute Kidney Injury']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity788 have dismal prognoses, and novel therapies are urgently needed. Mutations of the @entity984 oncogene occur frequently in @entity788 and represent an attractive target. Direct targeting of the predominant @entity984 pathways have been challenging and research into therapeutic strategies have been now refocused on pathways downstream of @entity984 , @entity10412 ( @entity10412 ) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK [ @entity8047 ]). We hypothesized that concurrent inhibition of the @entity10412 and @entity8047 pathways would result in synergistic antitumor activity, as it would circumvent the compensatory feedback loop between the two pathways. We investigated the combined effect of the @entity10412 inhibitor, @entity36273 , and the @entity8047 inhibitor, @entity17528 , on cell viability, apoptosis and cell signaling in a panel of @entity788 cell lines. An in vivo analysis was conducted on @entity788 xenografts. While BxPC-3 ( @entity984 wild type) and MIA PaCa-2 ( @entity984 mutated) cell lines were sensitive to @entity36273 and @entity17528 as single agents, synergistic inhibition of @entity5 cell growth and induction of apoptosis were observed in both cell lines when the two drugs were combined. Interestingly, phosphorylation of the cap-dependent translational components, 4E-binding protein (p- @entity5291 ) and S6 was found to be closely associated with sensitivity to @entity36273 and @entity17528 . In BxPC-3 cell xenografts, survival differences were observed between the control and the @entity17528 , @entity36273 , and combination groups. Our study provides the rationale for concurrent targeting of the @entity10412 and @entity8047 pathways, regardless of @entity984 status, and suggests that phosphorylation of @entity5291 and S6 can serve as a predictive biomarker for response to treatment.

title: Synergistic effects of concurrent blockade of @entity10412 and @entity8047 pathways in XXXX preclinical models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity10412 :: ('5293', 'Gene') :: ['phosphoinositide 3-kinase', 'PI3K']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: @entity10609 is a family of cell-cycle phosphatases that activate the cyclin-dependent kinases. @entity10837 , but not C, have oncogenic potential in vitro. In this study, we analyzed the possible implication of @entity10609 genes in the progression of @entity14 . RNA and DNA were extracted from 34 paired @entity5 and normal colorectal tissues and examined by Northern blot, RT-PCR, and Southern blot, respectively. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot in a subset of normal and @entity5 samples. The expression levels were correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics and survival of the @entity1 . @entity8188 mRNA was overexpressed in 19 @entity189 (56%). A significant correlation was observed between high @entity8188 mRNA levels and the relapse-free, overall, and @entity5 -related survival of the @entity1 . The cdc25B2 splicing variant was detected in 27 @entity189 (79%) but only in 9 normal samples (26%) and was associated with the grade of the differentiation of the @entity5 . @entity10837 mRNA was overexpressed in four @entity5 (12%) and cdc25C1 mRNA was overexpressed in nine @entity5 (26%). A new cdc25C2 splicing variant lacking exon 4 and 5 was identified in all of the @entity5 and in 56% of the normal samples. No amplifications or gene rearrangements of these genes were detected. In conclusion, these findings indicate that @entity10609 isoforms and splicing variants are differentially regulated in @entity14 and may participate in the development of these @entity5 . Additionally, the correlation between @entity8188 mRNA levels and the survival of the @entity1 also suggest that the @entity8188 isoform may be involved in the progression of the disease.

title: Differential expression of @entity10609 cell-cycle-activating phosphatases in XXXX @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3609 is a rare @entity5 that may arise in various sites, revealed at any age. Abdominal locations represent less than 10% of the cases preferentially involving the mesentery. We report a case of primary @entity2696 arising from the kidney. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 50-year-old @entity1 was admitted for severe @entity158 . Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a 6 10 cm multiloculated @entity3928 with @entity3041 , extending along the left renal hilum. Surgical exploration revealed a retroperitoneal @entity5 . Anatomopathologic examination concluded it to be a @entity3609 . DISCUSSION: The @entity3609 is a benign malformative @entity5 of the lymphatic system. Surgery is the best curative treatment with complete excision, the prognosis is excellent. CONCLUSION: Primary @entity8 is exceedingly rare. Medical imaging has certain limits for the diagnosis which required histological confirmation. The treatment of choice is surgical.

title: XXXX of the kidney: Diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic lymphangioma', 'cystic lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign vascular tumor', 'cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['left lumbar pain']

answer: @entity3609 :: (MESH:D018191,Disease) :: ['Cystic lymphangioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied the efficacy of osteopathic manual treatment (OMT) and ultrasound therapy (UST) for @entity1643 . METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, 2 * 2 factorial design was used to study OMT and UST for short-term relief of nonspecific @entity1643 . The 455 @entity1 were randomized to OMT (n = 230) or sham OMT (n = 225) main effects groups, and to UST (n = 233) or sham UST (n = 222) main effects groups. Six treatment sessions were provided over 8 weeks. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed to measure moderate and substantial improvements in @entity1643 at week 12 (30% or greater and 50% or greater @entity158 reductions from baseline, respectively). Five secondary outcomes, safety, and treatment adherence were also assessed. RESULTS: There was no statistical interaction between OMT and UST. @entity1 receiving OMT were more likely than @entity1 receiving sham OMT to achieve moderate (response ratio [RR] = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.64; P <.001) and substantial (RR = 1.41, 95% CI, 1.13-1.76; P = .002) improvements in @entity1643 at week 12. These improvements met the Cochrane Back Review Group criterion for a medium effect size. Back-specific functioning, general health, work disability specific to @entity1643 , safety outcomes, and treatment adherence did not differ between @entity1 receiving OMT and sham OMT. Nevertheless, @entity1 in the OMT group were more likely to be very satisfied with their back care throughout the study (P <.001). @entity1 receiving OMT used prescription drugs for @entity1643 less frequently during the 12 weeks than did @entity1 in the sham OMT group (use ratio = 0.66, 95% CI, 0.43-1.00; P = .048). Ultrasound therapy was not efficacious. CONCLUSIONS: The OMT regimen met or exceeded the Cochrane Back Review Group criterion for a medium effect size in relieving @entity1643 . It was safe, parsimonious, and well accepted by @entity1 .

title: Osteopathic manual treatment and ultrasound therapy for XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Conduction recurrence during radiofrequency (RF) ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus for typical @entity956 is common. Understanding the temporal pattern of recurrences could help to predict a durable @entity616 ( @entity616 ) and optimize the procedure. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed @entity956 in 108 consecutive @entity1 (85 males, age 63 +/- 11 years). RF energy was delivered through 8-mm tip or 4-mm cooled-tip catheter. On average, 18 +/- 11 pulses were necessary to achieve @entity616 . The time to recurrence of conduction after RF cessation was recorded. Early and late conduction recurrences were defined as < or =10 minutes and >10 minutes, respectively. @entity1 were observed for > or =30 minutes after bidirectional cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) block was achieved. Conduction did not recur in 46 @entity1 . In 8 cases, no block was achieved. A total of 167 conduction recurrences were recorded in the remaining 54 cases (1-10 per case). Of these, in 53 @entity1 , recurrences were classified as early (98%) and 14 @entity1 had late recurrences (8%). Thirteen @entity1 had both early and late recurrences (24%). All but one late recurrence were preceded by at least one early recurrence. Absence of early recurrence had negative predictive value of 98%, while any early recurrence had positive predictive value of 26% for subsequent late conduction recovery. CONCLUSION: Incidence of isthmus conduction recurrence rapidly decayed during the waiting period. Absence of conduction recurrence within 10 minutes after first successful RF delivery was highly predictive of persistent @entity616 .

title: Temporal pattern of conduction recurrence during radiofrequency ablation for typical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'atrial flutter ablations']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['BDB', 'bidirectional block']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms responsible for generating rhythmic motor activity in the developing spinal cord of the @entity1573 embryo are poorly understood. Here we investigate whether the activity of motoneurons occurs before other neuronal populations at the beginning of each cycle of rhythmic discharge. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The spatiotemporal organization of neural activity in transverse slices of the lumbosacral cord of the @entity1573 embryo (E8-E11) was investigated using intrinsic and @entity2915 ( @entity2915 ) imaging. @entity2915 signals accompanying episodes of activity comprised a rhythmic decrease in light transmission that corresponded to each cycle of electrical activity recorded from the ipsilateral ventral root. The rhythmic signals were widely synchronized across the cord face, and the largest signal amplitude was in the ventrolateral region where motoneurons are located. In unstained slices we recorded two classes of intrinsic signal. In the first, an episode of rhythmic activity was accompanied by a slow decrease in light transmission that peaked in the dorsal horn and decayed dorsoventrally. Superimposed on this signal was a much smaller rhythmic increase in transmission that was coincident with each cycle of discharge and whose amplitude and spatial distribution was similar to that of the @entity2915 signals. At the onset of a spontaneously occurring episode and each subsequent cycle, both the intrinsic and @entity2915 signals originated within the lateral motor column and spread medially and then dorsally. By contrast, following a dorsal root stimulus, the optical signals originated within the dorsal horn and traveled ventrally to reach the lateral motor column. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that motoneuron activity contributes to the initiation of each cycle of rhythmic activity, and that motoneuron and/or R-interneuron synapses are a plausible site for the activity-dependent synaptic depression that modeling studies have identified as a critical mechanism for cycling within an episode.

title: Ventrolateral origin of each cycle of rhythmic activity generated by the spinal cord of the XXXX embryo.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['voltage-sensitive dye', 'VSD']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ethnic minority @entity1 are at a greater risk for @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). However, current prevalence of @entity2175 among @entity1 and young @entity1 is unknown in England and Wales. In addition, little is known on glycemic control in pediatric @entity2175 globally. METHODS: Using data from the National Paediatric @entity6 Audit for 2012-2013 with >98% coverage of @entity6 cases, we estimated (1) the overall, gender- and ethnic-specific prevalence of @entity2175 in @entity1 and young @entity1 <16  years and (2) whether ethnicity predicts glycemic control (measured by mean HbA1c) in @entity1 and young @entity1 <19  years. Ethnicity was self-identified and categorized into white, Asian, black, mixed, other, and "not stated." Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate differences in glycemic control by ethnicity adjusting for socioeconomic status, age, @entity6 duration, and gender. RESULTS: A total of 307 @entity1 and young @entity1 aged <16  years were identified with @entity2175 in the National Paediatric @entity6 Audit for 2012-2013. Overall prevalence of @entity2175 was 2.9/100,000. Females had a higher prevalence of @entity2175 than males (4.3 vs. 1.5/100,000). The highest prevalence was found in Asian (12.2/100,000) followed by mixed ethnicity (4.4/100,000) females. @entity1 of mixed ethnicity had significantly higher mean HbA1c compared with white @entity1 (9.7% [83  mmol/mol] vs. 7.8% [62  mmol/mol], p < .001, and adjusted mean difference of 4.2% [22.3  mmol/mol], 95% confidence interval  = 3.1%-5.2% [10.9-33.7  mmol/mol]), but there were no significant differences between the other ethnic minority groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 of all ethnic minorities particularly females have an increased prevalence of @entity2175 . Those belonging to mixed ethnic backgrounds are at increased risk for poorer glycemic control.

title: Ethnic Minorities Are at Greater Risk for Childhood-Onset XXXX and Poorer Glycemic Control in England and Wales.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes']


abstract: Fifty male mongrel @entity235 were inflicted with 25% III degree burn combined with moderate @entity3614 . They were divided into five groups; four treatment groups (with various amounts of infused fluid and @entity1372 ) and one control group. Each group consisted of 10 animals. The results indicated that every kind of treatment was effective. However, the regime of crystalloid plus whole blood (infused 8 h after injury) was the best. Generally speaking, fluid therapy should be given carefully. The optimal amount of @entity1372 given was 0.3 mmol.kg-1.1%.BSA-1. The amount of water-2-2.5ml.kg-1% BSA-1. After treatment with the Parkland formula, the pulmonary water content was high, so it is not worth recommending. Continuous measurement of the viscosity of plasma, microhematocrit and the amount of @entity1372 in urine and blood were simple and useful.

title: [Early fluid therapy for XXXX with severe burn-blast combined injury].

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['blast injury']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Both chronic stress conditions and hyperergic reaction to environmental stress are known to enhance @entity5 susceptibility. We described two @entity19 lines that displayed high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced @entity1337 (SSIA) to investigate the relationship between inherited differences in sensitivity to stress and proneness to an increased growth rate of subcutaneously inoculated @entity320 . These lines display several genetic and physiological differences, among which distinct sensitivity to mutagens and susceptibility to @entity5 are especially noticeable. High analgesic @entity19 display high proneness both to stress and a rapid local spread of B16F0 @entity320 . However, stress-resistant LA @entity19 do not develop @entity320 after inoculation, or if so, @entity5 regress spontaneously. We found that the chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure leads to enhanced interlinear differences in @entity320 susceptibility. @entity5 developed faster in stress conditions in both lines. However, LA @entity19 still displayed a tendency for spontaneous regression, and 50% of LA @entity19 did not develop a @entity5 , even under stressed conditions. Moreover, we showed that chronic stress, but not @entity5 progression, induces @entity146 , which may be an important clue in @entity5 therapy. Our results clearly indicate how the interaction between genetic susceptibility to stress and environmental stress determine the risk and progression of @entity320 . To our knowledge, HA/LA @entity19 lines are the first animal models of distinct @entity320 progression mediated by inherited differences in stress reactivity.

title: Chronic mild stress facilitates XXXX growth in @entity19 lines selected for high and low stress-induced @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumors']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The dissemination and delivery of psychological therapies for @entity1 with @entity716 has been limited by workforce and organisational factors. 'Low Intensity' ( @entity258 ) delivery, whereby staff are trained to deliver brief, focused, manualised interventions, may be one way of improving access. In this study, we piloted a new @entity258 intervention specifically for @entity1 with @entity716 , aimed at helping @entity1 to reach a personal recovery goal, whilst targeting anxious avoidance or @entity308 -related inactivity. Frontline mental health workers were trained to deliver the intervention. We report here on the impact of the intervention on therapeutic outcomes. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity716 and either anxious avoidance or low mood, who wanted to work towards a personal goal, completed the intervention and a battery of assessments of mood, functioning and @entity716 . RESULTS: Eleven out of the twelve @entity1 achieved their personal goals. The results of a series of Friedman K related sample tests revealed significant improvements in @entity308 , clinical distress, activity levels, negative symptoms and delusions across the three time points, and no change in @entity1833 , or anxious avoidance. Staff and @entity1 satisfaction was high. LIMITATIONS: The study is a small uncontrolled pilot study. Outcomes should therefore be interpreted with caution, pending replication. CONCLUSIONS: The new @entity258 intervention shows preliminary evidence of effectiveness and is a feasible model of therapy delivery for @entity1 with @entity716 . The results suggest that frontline mental health workers can be trained relatively easily to deliver the intervention. A larger, randomised controlled trial is warranted to determine the effectiveness of the intervention and training programme.

title: Low intensity cognitive behavioural therapy for XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9 is commonly associated with @entity5 . Current treatments include combination opioid and adjuvant therapies, but no guidelines are available for dose escalation strategies. This phase II study compared the efficacy and tolerability of two dose escalation strategies for @entity1288 and @entity4481 combination therapy. METHODS: @entity1 (N=75) with oncological @entity9 , previously untreated with @entity4481 , were recruited in 5 Italian institutions between 2007 and 2010. @entity1 were randomised to two different dose escalation strategies (arm A; N=38) @entity1288 at a fixed dose with increasing @entity4481 doses; (arm B; N=37) @entity4481 at a fixed dose with increasing @entity1288 doses. @entity1 were evaluated from daily diaries and follow-ups at 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after beginning treatment with a numerical rating scale (NRS), @entity9 scale (SDN), and well-being scale (ESAS). The primary endpoint was a >= 1/3 reduction in @entity158 (NRS); secondary endpoints included the time to @entity1337 and adverse effects. The study had a 90% probability of detecting the best strategy for a true difference of at least 15%. RESULTS: More @entity1 in arm A (76%) than arm B (64%) achieved >= 1/3 overall @entity158 reduction even after controlling for baseline factors (gender, baseline @entity158 ). Group A reported fewer side effects than group B; constipation 52.8% vs. 66.7%; @entity390 : 27.8% vs. 44.4%; drowsiness: 44.4% vs. 55.6%; @entity911 : 16.7% vs. 27.8%; itching: 8.3% vs. 19.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Both strategies effectively controlled @entity9 , but according to the adopted selection design arm A is preferable to arm B for @entity158 control. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00637975.

title: Randomised phase II trial (NCT00637975) evaluating activity and toxicity of two different escalating strategies for @entity4481 and @entity1288 combination therapy for @entity9 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity474 ( @entity474 ) are a frequent but not universal component of Down syndrome (DS), while @entity474 in otherwise normal individuals have no well-defined genetic basis. The contribution of copy number variation ( @entity471 ) to specific @entity299 ( @entity299 ) phenotypes including @entity473 is unknown. We hypothesized that de novo CNVs on chromosome 21 might cause isolated sporadic @entity474 , and separately that CNVs throughout the genome might constitute an additional genetic risk factor for @entity473 in @entity1 with DS. We utilized a custom oligonucleotide arrays targeted to @entity471 hotspots that are flanked by large duplicated segments of high sequence identity. We assayed 29 euploid and 50 DS individuals with @entity473 , and compared to general population controls. In @entity1 with isolated-sporadic @entity473 we identified two large unique deletions outside of chromosome 21 not seen in the expanded set of 8,635 controls, each overlapping with larger deletions associated with similar @entity299 reported in the DECIPHER database. There was a small duplication in one @entity1 with DS and @entity473 . We conclude that isolated sporadic @entity474 may be occasionally associated with large de novo genomic structural variation outside of chromosome 21. The absence of CNVs on chromosome 21 in @entity1 with isolated sporadic @entity473 suggests that sub-chromosomal duplications or deletions of greater than 150   kbp on chromosome 21 do not cause sporadic @entity474 . Large CNVs do not appear to be an additive risk factor for @entity473 in the DS population.

title: Rare copy number variants in isolated sporadic and syndromic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['Atrioventricular septal defects', 'AVSDs']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective multicenter study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the lowest instrumented, stable, and lower end vertebrae in @entity1 with "single overhang" thoracic (main thoracic) curves treated with anterior or posterior spinal fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies have shown "saving" fusion levels with anterior spinal fusion, as opposed to posterior spinal fusion; however, to our knowledge, none of these studies evaluated the relative position to the lower end @entity5788 to compare study groups accurately. For clarification, "single overhang" includes Lenke 1A and 1B curves. For these thoracic curves, the lumbar curve does not cross the midline. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective multicenter study of @entity1615 was performed to identify specifically @entity1 with "single overhang" thoracic (Lenke 1A and 1B) curves with more than a 2-year follow-up. To analyze relative fusion levels, the differences were computed as follows: (1) the difference between the @entity5788 position for the stable @entity5788 of the main thoracic (MT) curve and the lowest instrumented @entity5788 , as noted on postoperative radiographs, or [equation: see text] (2) the difference between the @entity5788 position for the lower end @entity5788 of the main thoracic (MT) curve and the lowest instrumented @entity5788 , as noted on postoperative radiographs, or [equation: see text]. RESULTS: A total of 298 "single overhang" thoracic curves (148 Lenke 1A, 150 Lenke 1B) were identified, of which 293 had either an anterior spinal fusion or posterior spinal fusion; 5 @entity1 underwent a combined anterior-posterior spinal fusion. Anterior spinal fusion was performed in 70 @entity1 (23.9%) and posterior spinal fusion in 223 (76.1%). While comparing the lowest instrumented @entity5788 to the stable @entity5788 with anterior spinal fusion, the lowest instrumented @entity5788 was identified either at the level of the stable @entity5788 or above in 97% of 1A/B curves (P < 0.001). Using posterior spinal fusion techniques, the lowest instrumented @entity5788 was identified either at the stable @entity5788 or above in 65% of the 1A/B curves (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that anterior spinal fusion techniques result in a mean shorter fusion of 1.5 vertebral segments/ @entity1 when compared to posterior spinal fusion techniques with respect to the position of the lowest instrumented and stable vertebrae for "single overhang" thoracic (Lenke 1A/B) curves. However, because this is a retrospective multicenter study over 10 years, it represents various posterior spinal fusion techniques that do not include all pedicle screw constructs.

title: Comparison of the lowest instrumented, stable, and lower end vertebrae in "single overhang" thoracic XXXX : anterior versus posterior spinal fusion.

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features of @entity189 of the breast with diffuse micropapillary pattern. METHODS: Twenty-six cases of micropapillary variant of pure mucinous @entity0 were retrospectively reviewed by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and clinical data analyses. RESULTS: The age of 26 female @entity1 ranged from 30 to 77 years old, of which 12 cases with clinical details available were mean 54 years old. The @entity5 diameter ranged from 0.8 to 9.0 cm (mean 3.2 cm). Ipsilateral axillary nodal @entity3 were identified in 3 cases. Cutaneous involvement was also found in 2 cases. The @entity5 cells showed the similar architectural arrangement as in invasive @entity189 , with peripheral borders of the cell clusters highlighted by epithelial membrane antigen. Various amount of @entity3558 occupied the retraction spaces around the @entity5 cells. Compared with conventional pure mucinous @entity0 with micropapillary pattern showed different nuclear grades (19 cases of grade I, 2 cases of grade II, 5 cases of grade III). The micropapillary cell clusters varied in size (22 cases of big micropapillary and 4 cases of small). @entity3821 was observed in 12 cases. Calcification and psammoma bodies were observed in 8 cases. Immunophenotyping, the @entity5 cells were with higher expression of hormone receptors, but @entity1722 were negative. Ki-67 positive index was 1%     70%. Neuroendocrine differentiation was observed in 6 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The micropapillary variant of pure mucinous @entity0 , which mainly occurs in younger @entity1 , may carry the similar propensity for angioinvasion and nodal @entity3 as infiltrating @entity189 at least in cases with high nuclear grade. This morphologic subtype needs to be distinguished from conventional pure mucinous @entity0 and treated properly.

title: [Clinicopathologic features of micropapillary variant of pure XXXX of breast].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['Intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast', 'carcinoma of the breast, mucinous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['micropapillary carcinoma', 'pure mucinous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['mucinous carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Microglia are the resident immune cells in the spinal cord and brain. Mounting evidence suggests that activation of microglia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1118 , including chronic @entity158 . In particular, microglia contribute to the transition from acute @entity158 to @entity1118 , as inhibition of microglial signaling reduces pathologic @entity158 after @entity32 , @entity128 , and @entity5 but not baseline @entity158 . As compared with @entity32 , @entity128 induces much more robust morphologic activation of microglia, termed microgliosis, as shown by increased expression of microglial markers, such as @entity9536 and @entity11654 . However, microglial signaling inhibitors effectively reduce inflammatory @entity158 and @entity9 , arguing against the importance of morphologic activation of microglia in @entity1118 sensitization. Importantly, microglia enhance @entity158 states via secretion of proinflammatory and pronociceptive mediators, such as @entity5 @entity39 factor a, interleukins 1b and 18, and brain-derived growth factor. Mechanistically, these mediators have been shown to enhance excitatory synaptic transmission and suppress inhibitory synaptic transmission in the @entity158 circuits. While early studies suggested a predominant role of microglia in the induction of @entity1118 , further studies have supported a role of microglia in the maintenance of @entity1118 . Intriguingly, recent studies show male-dominant microglial signaling in some @entity9 and inflammatory @entity158 states, although both sexes show identical morphologic activation of microglia after @entity128 . In this critical review, we provide evidence to show that @entity8293 -a secreted protease that is expressed in primary afferent axonal terminals surrounding microglia-is a robust activator of microglia and induces profound release of @entity5 @entity39 factor a from microglia via activation of @entity1435 MAP kinase. The authors also show that microglial @entity8293 / @entity1435 signaling is male dominant in some inflammatory and @entity9 conditions. Finally, the authors discuss the relevance of microglial signaling in chronic trigeminal and @entity158 .

title: Microglial Signaling in @entity1118 with a Special Focus on XXXX , @entity1435 , and Sex Dependence.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity8293 :: (839,Gene) :: ['Caspase 6']


abstract: MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective multi-center analysis of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity43 and treated between January 1990 and December 1997. A national survey was conducted, in which 457 @entity1 from 27 centers corresponding to ten of Spain's autonomous communities were analyzed. RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity43 were analyzed. The mean age of @entity1 was 45.5+/-16.9 years. Of these, 390 @entity1 (85.3%) were at stage I, 8 (1.8%) were at stage II and 36 (7.9%) at stage III. @entity5 was observed in 63 @entity1 (13.8%). The mean @entity5 size was 14.2 cm and in 88 cases (19.3%) the @entity5 was on the surface of the ovary. Microinvasion was observed in 25 (5.5%) cases, and 29 @entity1 (6.3%) showed a micropapillary pattern. Study of the factors related to the appearance of peritoneal implants revealed positive @entity5 markers (OR 15.02: 1.9-32.9) and a @entity5 on the ovarian surface (OR 8.0: 1.8-127) to be independent risk factors. With respect to recurrence, the presence of peritoneal implants at the time of initial surgery (OR 3.4: 1.1-10.4) and signs of microinvasion in the anatomicopathological study (OR 5.5: 1.5-17.8) were found to be independent risk factors. The overall survival rate in our series was 97% with a mean follow-up of 88.3 months. The survival rate by stage was 97% for stage I, 100% for stage II and 97% for stage III. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity43 have an excellent prognosis, they are not exempt from a risk of recurrence. Characterization of @entity1 with @entity43 is essential in order to prevent their evolution. Likewise, the taking on board of risk factors will enable more selective treatments to be offered in each case.

title: Results of the national survey of XXXX in Spain.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['borderline ovarian tumors', 'borderline ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A bilateral tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['borderline ovarian tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, there are no long-term data on the use of @entity11035 ( @entity11035 ) for the treatment of chronic @entity354 ( @entity354 ). We sought to prospectively evaluate the long-term safety and durability of @entity11035 in a multi-center setting. METHODS: A longitudinal per protocol (PP) and a modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis at 1 and 3 years consisted of symptom evaluation using the @entity354 health-related quality of life ( @entity354 -HRQL) questionnaire, medication use, upper @entity344 , and pH-metry. RESULTS: Of 79 @entity1 previously reported at 1 year, 12 were lost to follow-up, and 1 died from an unrelated cause. The remaining 66 @entity1 were followed up and analyzed (mITT). Of 66 @entity1 , 12 underwent revisional procedures, leaving 54 @entity1 for PP analysis at a median of 3.1 years (range = 2.9-3.6). No adverse events related to @entity11035 were reported at 2- or 3-year follow-up. On PP analysis, median @entity354 -HRQL score off proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) improved significantly to 4 (range 0-32) from both off (25 [13-38], P < .0001) and on (9 [0-22], P < .0001) PPIs. Discontinuation of daily PPIs was sustained in 61% (mITT) and 74% (PP) of @entity1 . Of 11 @entity1 with pH data at 3 years (PP), 9 (82%) remained normal. Based on mITT analysis, 9/23 (39%) remained normal at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical outcomes at 3 years following @entity11035 , @entity1 satisfaction, healing of @entity2910 , and cessation of PPI medication support long-term safety and durability of the @entity11035 procedure for those with initial treatment success. Although complete normalization of pH studies occurred in a minority of @entity1 , successful cases showed long-term durability.

title: Three-year results of a multicenter prospective study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['erosive esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity11035 :: ('MESH:C535647', 'Disease') :: ['transoral incisionless fundoplication', 'TIF']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity11035 :: (MESH:C535647,Disease) :: ['transoral incisionless fundoplication']


abstract: Observations on 13 @entity1 with primary malignant fibrous @entity79 were reported. Included were nine male and four female @entity1 , ranging in age from 6 to 81 years (mean, 44.8 years). @entity158 was the most common complaint. The interval from the first symptom to the initial treatment varied from 2 months to 20 years. Seven @entity5 arose in the knee region. Roentgenologically, most of the lesions presented with an osteolytic and destructive appearance. Histologically, highly variable morphologic features existed. The storiform-pleomorphic pattern was found in every @entity5 , although it was not necessarily pathognomonic for malignant fibrous @entity79 . Surgery, radical or incomplete, was the primary treatment for all but one @entity1 . Lymph node @entity3 was present in three. Five @entity1 died of the disease from 3 to 79 months after the diagnosis (mean, 28 months), all exhibiting @entity3 to the lung. @entity1120 -like structure demonstrated in the electron microscopic study shows the histiocytic quality of malignant fibrous @entity79 .

title: Malignant fibrous XXXX . A review of 13 cases and an ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytoma of bone']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ["Gaucher's body"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['histiocytoma of bone']


abstract: RATIONALE: Several studies have shown the amnestic effects of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ). However, while memory tasks in rodents can be markedly influenced by @entity148 -like behavior and motor function, @entity167 induces anxiolysis and different effects on locomotion, depending on the dose. OBJECTIVE: Verify the effects of @entity167 in @entity19 tested in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT) concomitantly evaluating memory, @entity148 -like behavior, and motor behavior. METHODS: @entity167 acutely or repeatedly treated @entity19 were submitted to the training session in a modified elevated plus-maze with two open and two enclosed arms, aversive stimuli in one of the enclosed arms, and tested 24 h later without aversive stimuli. Learning/memory, locomotion, and @entity148 -related behavior were evaluated by aversive arm exploration, number of entries in all the arms and open arms exploration, respectively. RESULTS: Acute @entity167 : (1) either increased (1.2-1.8 g/kg) or decreased (3.0 g/kg) locomotion; (2) decreased @entity148 levels (1.2-3.0 g/kg); and (3) induced @entity4207 (1.2-3.0 g/kg) and @entity2414 (0.3-3.0 g/kg). After repeated treatment, sensitization and tolerance to hyperlocomotion and anxiolysis induced by 1.8 g/kg @entity167 were observed, respectively, and tolerance to the amnestic effect of 0.6 (but not 1.8) g/kg @entity167 occurred. CONCLUSION: Neither the anxiolytic nor the locomotor effects of @entity167 seem to be related to its amnestic effect in the PMDAT. Additionally, data give support to the effectiveness of the PMDAT in simultaneously evaluating learning, memory, @entity148 -like behavior, and motor activity by different parameters. Possible relationships between the behavioral alterations found are discussed.

title: Dissociation of the effects of @entity1068 on memory, @entity148 , and motor behavior in XXXX tested in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task.

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning deficits']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) have been used extensively as a mast cell model. BMMC, however, are immature cells that have no known physiological equivalent in tissues. They do not respond to IgG immune complexes. They may therefore not be appropriate for studying the physiopathology of IgE-induced @entity566 or IgG-induced tissue-specific @entity32 which both depend on mature mast cells. Resident peritoneal mast cells are a minor population of differentiated cells that are not readily purified. They, however, can be expanded in culture to generate large numbers of homogeneous cells. We show here that these peritoneal cell-derived mast cells (PCMC) are mature serosal-type @entity19 mast cells which retain most morphological, phenotypic, and functional features of peritoneal mast cells. Like peritoneal mast cells, PCMC respond to IgG Abs. IgG immune complex-induced responses depended on FcgammaRIIIA and were negatively regulated by @entity29003 . We found that a moderate @entity29003 -dependent negative regulation, due not to a higher FcgammaRIIIA/ @entity29003 ratio, but to a relatively inefficient use of the lipid phosphatase @entity20216 , determines this property of PCMC. PCMC also respond to IgE Abs. IgE-induced PCMC responses, however, differed quantitatively and qualitatively from BMMC responses. PCMC secreted no or much lower amounts of lipid mediators, chemokines, and cytokines, but they contained and released much higher amounts of preformed granular mediators. PCMC, but not BMMC, also contained and, upon degranulation, released molecules with a potent proteolytic activity. These properties make PCMC a useful new model for understanding the physiopathology of mast cells in IgE- and IgG-dependent tissue @entity32 .

title: Peritoneal cell-derived mast cells: an in vitro model of mature serosal-type XXXX mast cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: He @entity8055 HC @entity8055 are benign liver tu @entity5 ecently characterized into 4 different types according to genetic, pathological and clinical features. The prognosis is not well established yet and malignant transformation has been recently associated with b- @entity3546 ctivation. We aimed to describe a case of a pigmented HCA with b- @entity3546 uclear expression and inflammatory features and to review the cases of pigmented HC @entity8055 n the literature. We report a case of a young female pa @entity1 ithout contraceptive use, with a li @entity96 iagnosis. Liver biopsy revealed diffuse expression of b- @entity3546 nd a partial hepatic resection was performed. The histologic analysis revealed a hepatocellular tu @entity5 omposed of uniform trabeculae of hepatocytes and solid areas, the later with a significant amount of black pigment highlighted by Masson-Fontana stain. Immunohistochemistry showed co-expression of C- @entity1851 nd serum amyloid A in the tu @entity5 Literature review revealed that pigmented HC @entity8055 previously reported as dark ad @entity652 are rare tu @entity5 In HC @entity8055 the presence of b- @entity3546 ctivation should be searched for due to the higher risk of ma @entity5 We describe a pigmented HCA with b- @entity3546 uclear expression and inflammatory features being the fifth case reported so far.

title: Pigmented hepatocellular adenoma with b- XXXX ctivation: case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular adenomas', 'HCAs']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant transformation in hepatocarcinoma', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['b-catenin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the independent and joint associations of childhood abuse and intimate partner violence with @entity2704 among pregnant @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Childhood abuse and intimate partner violence have each been associated with @entity2704 in previous studies, but these associations have not been explored among pregnant @entity1 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a cohort of 2970 pregnant @entity1 attending prenatal clinics in Lima, Peru. History of childhood abuse (ie, physical or @entity458 ) was assessed using the Childhood Physical and @entity458 . Intimate partner violence (IPV) was assessed using the World Health Organization questionnaire. Migraine classification (including @entity2704 and probable @entity2704 ) was based on @entity2794 ( @entity2794 )-III beta criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of any @entity2704 was 33.5% while approximately 70% of @entity1 reported a history of childhood abuse and 36.7% a history of IPV. @entity1 with a history of any childhood abuse had a 38% increased odds of any @entity2704 compared to @entity1 with no history of childhood abuse (OR   =   1.38; 95% CI 1.15-1.64). The odds of @entity2704 increased with increasing numbers of experienced childhood abuse events (Ptrend    <   .001). Additionally, after adjusting for confounders @entity1 with a history of IPV had a 43% increased odds of any @entity2704 as compared to @entity1 without intimate partner violence (OR   =   1.43; 95%CI 1.02-2.02). @entity1 with a joint positive history of childhood abuse and IPV, as compared with the reference group, had a 88% increased odds of @entity2704 (aOR   =   1.88, 95%CI: 1.51-2.35). CONCLUSION: Childhood abuse and IPV are associated with increased odds of @entity2704 in pregnant @entity1 . Our findings highlight the importance of screening for abuse among pregnant migraineurs to help guide treatment strategies.

title: Childhood Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence and Risk of Migraine Among Pregnant XXXX : An Epidemiologic Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'migraine headaches']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual Abuse Questionnaire', 'sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['International Classification of Headache Disorders', 'ICHD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In order to prepare bio-nanocomposites with no- @entity137 , the rosin-based @entity990 resin (MPAER) and castor oil-based @entity2636 (COPU) were synthesized and @entity505 nanotubes (CNTs) was used to enhance the properties of curing MPAER/COPU materials. The curing reaction, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of this system were characterized by FTIR, NMR, @entity3496 , TG et al. The @entity137 of materials is evaluated for HeLa cells using a @entity98 cell-viability assay. The results showed that COPU can cure MPAER and CNTs can increase effectively the properties of MPAER/COPU nanocomposites. The Tg of MPAER/COPU/CNTs has the highest value when CNTs content is 0.4  wt%, which is 52.4    C higher than the pure MPAER/COPU. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites is enhanced by the addition of CNTs, the initial decomposition temperature Td5 of the sample No. 0.4 has increased from 284.5 to 305.2    C, which is 20.7    C higher than No. 0. The impact strength of the No. 0.4 film is 15  kg  cm higher than the pure resin system. The survival rate of HeLa cells to the products is greater than 90% within 48 and 72  h, which demonstrate that this material has excellent biocompatibility and no obvious @entity137 for HeLa cells, which may be used in the medical treatment.

title: Cytoxicity, dynamic and thermal properties of bio-based rosin- @entity990 resin/ castor oil @entity2636 / XXXX nanotubes bio-nanocomposites.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) in the first years of life is associated with developmental defects of enamel in the permanent dentition. We investigated if @entity177 also affects the primary (deciduous) dentition. Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity177 on conservative treatment (n = 12) or on renal replacement therapy (n = 19) underwent dental inspection. In addition, 18 @entity177 @entity1 provided an exfoliated deciduous tooth for microscopic examination. Enamel defects were detected in a total of 12 @entity1 (31%), either clinically or microscopically. Of the 7 @entity1 affected clinically, 6 (19% of all examined) presented @entity2631 of the primary @entity235 , which was found only in 3% of healthy control @entity1 : 1 @entity1 had generalized @entity558 . By microscopy, 5 of 10 primary @entity235 examined showed @entity2193 localized exclusively in enamel formed after birth. The "birth line," a visible structure within the primary enamel, was always present, which excludes a prenatal onset of the defects. Of the 12 @entity1 with an enamel defect, 9 had a documented onset of @entity177 within the first 7 weeks of life. We conclude that @entity8 leading to @entity177 may affect enamel formation of primary teeth in early postnatal life, resulting in lesions different from those observed in the secondary dentition.

title: XXXX of primary teeth in @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['pitted enamel hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['localized hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['enamel hypoplasia']

answer: @entity2193 :: (MESH:D003744,Disease) :: ['Enamel hypoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Studies concerning red cell distribution width (RDW) for use in the assessment of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) activity are limited. We investigated whether RDW is a marker of @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity29 . METHODS: In total, 61 @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 56 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) were enrolled in the study group, and 44 age- and-sex-matched healthy volunteers were included as the control group. A @entity30 activity index >150 in @entity1 with @entity30 indicated @entity66 . @entity1 with moderate and severe disease based on the Truelove-Witts criteria were considered to have active @entity31 . In addition to RDW, serum @entity1851 levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and platelet counts were measured. RESULTS: Twenty-nine (51.7%) @entity1 with @entity30 and 35 (57.4%) @entity1 with @entity31 had @entity66 . The RDW was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity30 and @entity31 than in controls (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). A subgroup analysis indicated that for a RDW cut-off of 14%, the sensitivity for detecting active @entity30 was 79%, and the specicity was 93% (area under curve [AUC], 0.935; p<0.001). RDW was the most sensitive and specific marker for active @entity30 . However, it was not valid for @entity31 , as the ESR at a cutoff of 15.5 mm/hr showed a sensitivity of 83% and a specicity of 76% (AUC, 0.817; p<0.001), whereas the RDW at a cutoff of 14% showed 17% sensitivity and 84% specicity for detecting active @entity31 . CONCLUSIONS: RDW was elevated in @entity29 in comparison with healthy controls and increased markedly in @entity66 . RDW may be a sensitive and specific marker for determining active @entity30 , whereas ESR is an important marker of active @entity31 .

title: Red cell distribution width: a novel marker of activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) cells are the multipotent stem cells of @entity1 @entity14641 . @entity189 cell lines isolated from @entity1 testicular @entity14641 retain pluripotentiality and show cell-surface marker phenotype and growth characteristics similar to those of primate embryonic stem cells. @entity5823 , a member of the @entity5 necrosis factor superfamily of cytokine receptors, is expressed on the surface of @entity1 @entity189 cells, but little is known regarding its function or the expression of its ligand in this context. Northern blot analysis, reverse transcriptase-PCR, and immunoprecipitation were used to study the expression of @entity5823 ligand and @entity5823 in cell lines representing multipotent and nullipotent @entity189 as well as yolk sac @entity189 . Antibodies, recombinant @entity5823 -Fc, and recombinant @entity5823 ligand were used in bioassays to assess the ability of exogenous @entity5823 ligand to promote the growth of multipotent @entity1 @entity189 stem cells. Nullipotent and multipotent @entity1 @entity189 cells, but not yolk sac @entity189 , expressed surface @entity5823 , as demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence; in multipotent cells, expression was decreased during differentiation induced by @entity1968 . Transcripts for @entity4209 were found at high levels in a yolk sac @entity189 cell line by Northern analysis and reverse transcriptase-PCR and were present at lower levels in @entity189 cells as well. Immunoprecipitation confirmed expression of @entity5823 ligand protein in yolk sac @entity189 and in nullipotent @entity189 . Antibodies with @entity5823 cross-linking activity failed to promote the growth of multipotent @entity189 cell line GCT 27 X-1. Anti- @entity5823 ligand antibodies and @entity5823 -Fc both failed to block the promotion of @entity189 cell growth induced by yolk-sac cell culture supernatants or feeder-cell monolayers. @entity5823 ligand is expressed in cell lines representative of @entity1 yolk sac @entity189 and nullipotent @entity189 . The membrane-bound cytokine may have an autocrine role in @entity1 @entity189 stem-cell renewal, but other exogenous factors are required to maintain the growth of multipotent @entity189 cells in vitro.

title: Expression of @entity5823 and XXXX ligand in cultured cell lines from @entity1 germ-cell @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity14641 :: ('MESH:D018243', 'Disease') :: ['teratocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'EC', 'carcinoma', 'Embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity5823 :: (943,Gene) :: ['CD30']


abstract: @entity71 , @entity1765 , @entity4676 , and @entity3119 are all characterised by an impairment of executive functioning and often occur together. There are thus indications of a similar neurobiological basis. This review presents an overview of neuroimaging studies of these disorders in childhood and adolescence, focusing thereby on magnet resonance imaging data. Studies provide concurring data about structural changes in the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex, and abnormal activation in the fronto-striatal circuitry in @entity1 as compared to healthy controls. @entity71 and @entity4676 are both associated with prefrontal aberrations. However, variances in @entity4676 are less pronounced, which might be due to compensation mechanisms. @entity71 @entity1 show small, but more global, morphological alterations in the cortex and cerebellum, while @entity4676 seems to be linked additionally to differences in the occipital cortex. Furthermore, structural and functional data for @entity3119 indicate aberrations in the amygdala and thalamus, and functional changes in the orbito-frontal cortex. By comparison, findings in @entity1 with @entity71 point towards abnormal activity in the ventral prefrontal cortex. To summarise, the data display an @entity9479 which appears to be associated with dysfunctioning motor inhibition, and impulsive behaviour and objectionable thoughts. Since the majority of the studies reviewed are characterised by small and heterogeneous samples, and since the studies differ in their methods, comparability is limited and general conclusions can not be drawn.

title: [Neuroimaging data of @entity71 , @entity1765 and @entity3119 in XXXX and adolescents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['Tic Disorder']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of cortico-striato-thalamic circuits']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ["Tourette's Syndrome"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The involvement of @entity842 (NO) and its reactive intermediates such as @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) and @entity6710 ( @entity29101 ) in the activation of matrix metallo-proteinase was investigated. The @entity1 neutrophil procollagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-8) (M(r), 85 kDa) was purified to homogeneity from @entity1 neutrophils by using column chromatography. After incubation of @entity1 neutrophil procollagenase with various @entity17242 -generating systems, collagenolytic activity in each reaction system was measured. In addition, neutrophil collagenase activity was determined by assessment of proteolysis of @entity1 @entity6417 . NO was formed by the @entity44283 NONOate, and @entity6836 was generated by oxidation of NO with @entity6706 ( @entity6706 ). @entity6836 , formed by @entity26890 and @entity6706 , and the synthetic @entity29101 - exhibited strong activation of the procollagenase at 1-20 microM. Significant activation of the procollagenase was observed with use of authentic @entity6836 gas as well. Constant flux infusion of @entity29101 - into the procollagenase solution resulted in stronger procollagenase activation than did a bolus addition of @entity29101 - to the reaction mixture. However, NO showed only weak activating potential under the aerobic (ambient) condition; an NO concentration of more than 10 mM was needed for appreciable activation of the procollagenase. Of considerable importance was the fact that NO participates in activation of the neutrophil collagenase through its conversion to @entity6836 or @entity29101 - in @entity1 neutrophils. These results suggest that @entity6836 and @entity29101 - may be potent activators of @entity1 neutrophil procollagenase.

title: Activation of @entity1 neutrophil procollagenase by @entity7459 and @entity6710 : a novel mechanism for procollagenase activation involving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6417 :: ('5265', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 1-protease inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity6706 :: ('MESH:C079393', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy-PTIO', '2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity17242 :: ('CHEBI:35196', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen oxide']

entities_list: @entity44283 :: ('CHEBI:39870', 'Chemical') :: ['propylamine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity956 and @entity955 are causes of morbidity in adults with an @entity118 . In this study, we attempted to identify risk factors for @entity955 both before and after the surgical closure of an @entity118 . METHODS: We searched for preoperative and postoperative @entity955 in 213 adult @entity1 (82 @entity1 and 131 @entity1 ) who underwent surgical closure of @entity118 because of symptoms, a substantial left-to-right shunt (ratio of @entity358 , >1.5:1), or both at Toronto Hospital between 1986 and 1997. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 (19 percent) had sustained @entity955 before surgery. As compared with the @entity1 who did not have @entity955 before surgery, those who did were older (59+/-11 vs. 37+/-13 years, P<0.001) and had higher mean pulmonary arterial pressures (25.0+/-9.7 vs. 19.7+/-8.2 mm Hg, P=0.001). There were no perioperative @entity204 . After a mean follow-up period of 3.8+/-2.5 years, 24 of the 40 @entity1 (60 percent) continued to have @entity955 . The mean age of these @entity1 was greater than that of the 16 who converted to sinus rhythm (P=0.02). New-onset @entity956 or @entity955 was more likely to have developed at follow-up in @entity1 who were older than 40 years at the time of surgery than in those who were 40 or younger (5 of 67 vs. 0 of 106, P=0.008). Late events (those occurring more than one month after surgery) included @entity64 in six @entity1 (all but one with @entity955 , one of whom died) and @entity204 from noncardiac causes in two @entity1 . Multivariate analysis showed that older age (>40 years) at the time of surgery (P=0.001), the presence of preoperative @entity955 (P<0.001), and the presence of postoperative @entity955 or junctional rhythm (P=0.02) were predictive of late postoperative @entity955 . CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity956 or @entity955 in adults with @entity118 is related to the age at the time of surgical repair and the pulmonary arterial pressure. To reduce the morbidity associated with @entity955 , the timely closure of @entity118 is warranted.

title: Atrial arrhythmia after surgical closure of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary to systemic blood flow']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'Atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial flutter and fibrillation', 'atrial flutter or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'atrial septal defects']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: In a phase II study 119 @entity1 with disseminated @entity320 were randomized to receive treatment with @entity2699 alone or in combination with @entity7324 . The study was designed to reveal an additive response rate when the drugs were combined. @entity2699 was given i.v. at 250 mg m-2 per day X V every 4 weeks. In the combination regimen @entity7324 given at 3 mg m-2 per week was included. One hundred and ten @entity1 were available for evaluation of response. With @entity2699 4/51 @entity1 obtained a complete remission (8%) and 5/51 @entity1 a partial remission (10%). Overall response rate was 18%. With @entity2699 - @entity7324 8/59 @entity1 obtained a complete remission (13%) and 7/59 @entity1 a partial remission (12%). Overall response rate was 25%. The difference in response rates observed between the treatment arms is not statistically significant. Median response duration was 123 days for @entity2699 @entity1 and 171 days for @entity1 receiving @entity2699 - @entity7324 (difference not statistically significant).

title: @entity2699 versus @entity2699 - @entity7324 in disseminated XXXX : a randomized phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine', 'Dacarbazine']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3866 is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI). @entity1206 , a vinca alkaloid, interferes with microtubule assembly inhibiting mitosis during metaphase. Both drugs are commonly used as single agents in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Given their efficacy in @entity1149 and their non-overlapping @entity137 profile, we conducted a phase I study of @entity3866 and @entity1206 to establish the feasibility and safety of the combination and to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 were treated with @entity1206 intravenously on day 1 and 8 and @entity3866 orally daily on a 21 day schedule. The dose levels of @entity1206 / @entity3866 were 25 mg/m(2)/100 mg, 25/150 and 30/150. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were enrolled. Five @entity1 were chemo-na  ve; 11 had one prior therapy. The majority of @entity1 had @entity1149 (n = 7). Dose limiting @entity137 included @entity1398 (4 @entity1 ) and grade 5 @entity281 (1 @entity1 ). Non-hematologic grade 3/4 @entity137 included @entity294 , @entity1371 , @entity281 , @entity1353 and @entity33 . Of 12 @entity1 assessable for radiologic response, there were no objective responses; eight had stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The MTD was @entity1206 25 mg/m2 day 1 and 8 with @entity3866 100 mg/day every 21 days. (2) The combination was associated with high rate of @entity1398 (25%). (3) Due to subsequent data demonstrating a lack of efficacy of @entity3866 in combination with @entity902 doublets in advanced @entity1149 , this combination has not been explored further.

title: @entity3866 and XXXX in advanced @entity5 : a phase I study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: Basic fibroblast growth factor is the best-characterized autocrine growth factor in @entity320 development and progression. We hypothesized that basic fibroblast growth factor might induce a more @entity146 phenotype dependent on the amount of protein expressed in @entity320 . Two @entity1 @entity320 cell lines, M14 and 1F6, known to have low endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor expression and slow growth as subcutaneous xenografts, were stably transfected with vectors encoding either the 18 kDa or all ( @entity981 ) isoform proteins of @entity1 basic fibroblast growth factor. Different clones overexpressing the 18 kDa or @entity981 basic fibroblast growth factor proteins were easily obtained. Increased levels of basic fibroblast growth factor were secreted in conditioned medium and stored on the extracellular membrane. Biological activity of the overexpressed basic fibroblast growth factor was confirmed in a @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation assay. In 1F6 cells, overexpression of either 18 kDa or @entity981 basic fibroblast growth factor proteins resulted in up to two-fold shorter in-vitro doubling times (P<0.05). In addition, in vivo, both 18 kDa and @entity981 basic fibroblast growth factor-overexpressing 1F6 subcutaneous xenografts displayed significantly higher growth rates (P<0.05). In contrast, no major differences in in-vitro and in-vivo doubling times were observed when 18 kDa or @entity981 isoforms of basic fibroblast growth factor were overexpressed in M14 cells. Interestingly, basic fibroblast growth factor overexpression only affected the microvasculature in 1F6 xenografts. Although blood vessels in 1F6 parent @entity5 were large, 1F6 @entity5 overexpressing basic fibroblast growth factor contained numerous small, compressed vessels. Taken together, overexpression of the 18 kDa basic fibroblast growth factor protein only can promote autocrine @entity320 cell growth and paracrine-driven angiogenesis.

title: The 18 kDa isoform of basic fibroblast growth factor is sufficient to stimulate XXXX @entity320 growth and angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study reviews the contemporary surgical outcome of our @entity1 undergoing operations on @entity439 in @entity1167 . METHODS: Between January 1989 and February 1995, 279 @entity1 were operated on in our institution on various portions of the aorta. In 143 @entity1 (97 male, 46 female), deep @entity2332 and @entity1167 were used as the standard operative technique. @entity1 age ranged from 16 to 83 years (mean 55). Final indication for operation was dissection Type A in 80 @entity1 (61 acute, 19 chronic), dissection Type B in 21 @entity1 (17 acute, 4 chronic) and @entity731 in 42 @entity1 (11 acute, 31 chronic). 16 @entity1 were operated under preoperative unstable hemodynamic conditions, 6 @entity1 had been resuscitated preoperatively. Surgical technique included @entity2096 . For added cerebral protection all @entity1 received @entity821 and barbiturates right before @entity1167 (confirmed by 0-EEG). The segment of the aorta containing the area with the @entity439 , was resected and replaced with a tubular albumin coated graft. RESULTS: The 30-day mortality was 31.15% (19/61) in the acute and 23.52% (4/19) in the chronic type A dissection group, 35.29% (6/17) in the acute and 25% (1/4) in the chronic type B group, 36.3% (4/11) in the acute and 22.58% (7/31) in the chronic @entity731 group. Causes of @entity204 in order of frequency were: multiorgan failure (n = 15), @entity712 (n = 13), @entity548 (n = 4), @entity295 (n = 4), @entity583 (n = 3) and @entity64 (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Despite rather high mortality rates in the acute @entity439 groups, the technique of profound hypothermic @entity1167 represents a relatively safe method for operations on the thoracic aorta.

title: The use of profound @entity2332 and XXXX in operations on the thoracic aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['deep hypothermic circulatory arrest', 'circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysms', 'atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary bypass with femoral artery cannulation']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of autologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) mobilized with high-dose consolidation chemotherapy and @entity1261 in @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Twenty @entity1 received myeloablative chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy including total body irradiation followed by the infusion of PBSC. PBSC were collected by large-volume leukaphereses. The mean number of mononuclear cells and @entity2280 -positive cells infused were 7.2 x 10(8)/kg (range, 2.2-16.6), and 6.6 x 106/kg (range, 2.1-27.7), respectively. Engraftment failure was not seen in the enrolled @entity1 . The median time to neutrophil (> or = 500/microL) and platelet recovery (> or = 50,000/microL) from the transplant was 12 days (range, 8-20) and 28 days (range, 10-600), respectively. The 2-year probability of disease-free survival (DFS) and relapse were 43% and 57% for @entity1 with @entity3052 transplanted in first complete remission ( @entity3432 ). The outcome of the @entity1 transplanted in the advanced status was significantly worse than the @entity1 transplanted in @entity3432 (P=0.04). Most relapses occurred within 1 year after transplantation. Fatal @entity5501 was observed in one case. Other transplantation-related @entity137 were mild. Our results demonstrated that autologous transplantation of high-dose consolidation chemotherapy-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells is feasible in the @entity1 with @entity3052 in @entity3432 . To further reduce the risk of @entity1778 relapse, much effort should be contributed to the field of ex vivo purging and post-transplant immunotherapy.

title: Transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by intensified consolidation and @entity1261 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic veno-occlusive disease']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal strategy in @entity1 with stage IVA @entity14 remains debated. This study was designed to compare the long-term outcomes and the pattern of recurrence following classical (CS) versus @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) strategy. METHODS: Data from all consecutive @entity1 , who have completed the CS and @entity16757 , were retrospectively reviewed. A propensity score matching (PSM) was performed on 1:2 ( @entity16757 :CS) ratio to obtain two groups matched for @entity5 characteristics. Survival and recurrence pattern were investigated before and after matching. RESULTS: The study population included 161 @entity1 : 145 treated with CS versus 16 with @entity16757 . Five-year overall survival (OS, 51.5 vs. 42.7  %, p  =  0.91) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 , 20.5 vs. 20.6  %, p  =  0.15) were not different between the two strategies. The median time to recurrence (TTR) whatever the site was significantly shorter in the @entity16757 group than in the CS group (3.5 vs. 13  months, p  =  0.02). Extrahepatic recurrence was significantly more frequent (37.5 vs. 16.6  %; p  =  0.04) and occurred earlier after treatment completion in the @entity16757 group than in the CS group (3.4 vs. 16.4  months, p  =  0.009). Similar findings in terms of OS, @entity1349 , median TTR whatever the site and proportion of extrahepatic recurrence were observed after PSM. CONCLUSIONS: Stage IVA @entity14 @entity1 who have completed the CS or @entity16757 had similar OS. Extrahepatic recurrence is more frequent and occurs earlier after @entity16757 . Postoperative locoregional therapy and active follow-up strategies should be considered in @entity16757 @entity1 .

title: Primary Tumor Versus Liver-First Strategy in XXXX with @entity14 : A Propensity Score Analysis of Long-term Outcomes and Recurrence Pattern.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity5 is an invasive @entity281 characteristically afflicting the elderly @entity1 with @entity6 . Therapy has traditionally consisted of the long-term administration of combination parenteral antibiotics, but morbidity and mortality remain substantial despite this therapy. We treated 11 consecutive @entity1 with the oral combination of @entity2177 (750 mg twice daily) and @entity1215 (600 mg twice daily) for 6 to 12 weeks (mean, 8 weeks). @entity796 was isolated from ear canal or mastoid, and @entity79 was documented by computed tomography in all @entity1 . Seven @entity1 (64%) had ear irrigation before onset of the @entity281 . Ten @entity1 fulfilled the criteria of both clinical and bacteriologic cure. No serious adverse reaction to either antibiotic was observed. @entity7867 and @entity2972 responded at a mean of 6 and 4 days, respectively, following the initiation of therapy. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate fell from a mean pretherapy value of 81 mm/h (range, 41 to 138 mm/h) to 18 mm/h (range, 3 to 45 mm/h) after the completion of antibiotic therapy. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations established that all organisms were sensitive to @entity2177 . Time-kill curve and checkerboard assays failed to demonstrate either synergy or antagonism between @entity2177 and @entity1215 . Serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers showed minimal increase in inhibition and killing of the bacteria with the addition of @entity1215 . @entity1215 did not alter the pharmacokinetics of @entity2177 . The successful use of oral antibiotics for this @entity281 may be a major advance. Reduction in antibiotic costs and hospitalization and convenience of oral administration were of notable benefit.

title: Efficacy of oral @entity2177 plus XXXX for treatment of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant external otitis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['difficult infection', 'infection', 'pseudomonal infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['Rifampin', 'rifampin']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7252 is an uncommon cause of @entity360 . The etiology is diverse, but most often, it is iatrogenic. The present study aims to reassess the clinical picture and the treatment of choice. METHODS: We describe a case series from a single center of @entity1 who presented with nontraumatic @entity7252 . RESULTS: Over a period of 8 years, @entity7252 occurred in 12 @entity1 : following liver biopsy in six @entity1 and after endoscopic biliary interventions in four @entity1 , with a respective prevalence of 0.1 and 0.04%. The clinical presentation was characterized by an upper @entity360 (n=11) and/or biochemical signs of @entity2459 (n=9). The onset of the symptoms occurred after a median of 6 days (range: 1-23). Ultrasound and computed tomography scan missed the diagnosis in, respectively, 4/5 and 2/5 of @entity1 . On arteriography, @entity2849 (6/12) was the most common finding. Transcatheter @entity1416 controlled the bleeding in all cases (12/12) without major complications. CONCLUSION: The delay between the intervention and the clinical presentation and the fact that imaging studies may fail to diagnose @entity7252 may mislead the physician. Transcatheter @entity1416 is the treatment of choice for @entity7252 . It has proven to be effective and safe and it offers a long-term definitive cure.

title: Transcatheter XXXX for @entity7252 is a safe and effective procedure: case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic hemobilia', 'hemobilia', 'Hemobilia']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['arterial embolization']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the outcome and complications from @entity24933 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty at a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. METHODS: A retrospective case review was performed on 72 @entity1 with an average age of 57 years, and a total of 97 @entity24933 PIP joint arthroplasties. @entity1 demographics, diagnosis, implant revisions, and other repeat surgeries were recorded. Subjective outcome was evaluated at latest follow-up with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score; @entity1 Evaluation Measure; and visual analog scores of @entity158 , satisfaction, and appearance. Objective outcomes included @entity6520 , grip strength, and radiographic assessment of alignment and loosening. RESULTS: The principal diagnosis was @entity571 in 43 @entity1 (60%), posttraumatic @entity625 in 14 (19%), @entity309 in 9 (13%), and @entity5144 in 6 (8%). The average follow-up was 60 months (range, 24-108 mo). Twenty-two of 97 digits (23%) had repeat surgery without revision, and 13 digits (13%) had revision at an average of 15 months. There were no significant differences in preoperative and postoperative range of motion. The average Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 22, and the average @entity158 score was zero. Implant migration and loosening was observed but was not related to clinical outcome or revision. CONCLUSIONS: The survival of @entity24933 PIP joint arthroplasty was 85% (83 of 97) at 5 years of follow-up, with high @entity1 satisfaction. @entity1 should be advised that the procedure achieves good relief of @entity158 but does not improve range of motion. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: XXXX proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty: minimum two-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['PIP joint range of motion']

entities_list: @entity24933 :: ('MESH:C009139', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity24933 :: (MESH:C009139,Chemical) :: ['Pyrocarbon']