abstract: To identify lung findings specific to fatal @entity2332 on postmortem computed tomography (CT) imaging. Whole body CT scans were performed followed by full autopsy to investigate causes of @entity204 . There were 13 fatal @entity2332 cases (group A) and 118 with other causes of @entity204 (group B). The chest cavity (CC), dead space including fluid/pneumothorax (DS), aerated lung volume ( @entity3322 ), percentage aerated lung (% @entity3322 ), and tracheal aerated volume ( @entity11254 ) were measured. Autopsy findings of groups A and B were compared. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to identify factors specific to fatal @entity2332 . There were no differences in age, sex, number with @entity2415 , or time from @entity204 to CT examination between the 2 groups. CC, DS, @entity3322 , % @entity3322 , and @entity11254 were 2601.0  247.4 (mL), 281.1  136.5 (mL), 1564.5  281.1 (mL), 62.1  6.2(%), and 21.8  2.7 (mL) in group A and 2339.2  67.7 (mL), 241.1  38.0 (mL), 739.9  67.0 (mL), 31.4  2.3(%), and 15.9  0.8 (mL) in group B, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between groups A and B in @entity3322 , % @entity3322 and @entity11254 . The multiple comparison procedure revealed that @entity3322 and % @entity3322 differed significantly between fatal @entity2332 and other causes of @entity204 (p<0.05). Using ROC evaluation, % @entity3322 had the largest area under the curve (0.819). This study demonstrates that the % @entity3322 is greater in fatal @entity2332 cases than in those with other causes of @entity204 on postmortem CT chest imaging. Based on CT, @entity2332 is very likely to be the cause of @entity204 if the % @entity3322 is >70%.

title: Postmortem computed tomography lung findings in fatal of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: Life-threatening @entity1165 are the main reason for @entity1164 in @entity301 . In the majority of survivors of @entity1167 , @entity591 generate from a structurally fixed arrhythmogenic substrate following @entity583 without evidence of acute ischaemia. Thrombolysis in acute @entity583 improves the electrical stability as elucidated by electrophysiological studies and the signal averaged surface ECG. In post- @entity1188 @entity1 , beta-blockers provide significantly beneficial effects on arrhythmic outcome, particularly in the presence of @entity1002 , whereas @entity460 antagonists and vasodilators are of no affect or may worsen the prognosis. In survivors of @entity583 , the prophylactic use of class I antiarrhythmic agents, which are able to suppress frequent single or complex premature ventricular contractions, cause worsening of the prognosis due to their proarrhythmic properties. However, @entity943 suppression by antiarrhythmic agents selects @entity1 who are at very low risk for @entity204 . Pilot trials using class III antiarrhythmic agents suggest beneficial effect on the reduction of @entity944 . As regards secondary prevention of @entity591 in survivors of @entity1165 or fibrillation, there is controversy about the importance of Holter monitoring or invasive electrophysiological testing in the evaluation of drug efficacy. In @entity1 with severely @entity1002 , pharmacological treatment is of limited efficacy. Even in cases of significant suppression of spontaneous or inducible @entity591 documented by Holter recording or programmed ventricular stimulation, the arrhythmic outcome is considerably poorer, but it could be influenced by implantable defibrillators. @entity2643 , as a potential alternative to class I antiarrhythmic agents, particularly in @entity1 refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, shows only limited effects on long-term outcome, which is in part caused by the @entity137 of this agent. There is substantial need for new drugs without proarrhythmic properties and particularly for those that correct abnormalities of the @entity3002 .

title: Pharmacological therapy in @entity301 : prevention of life-threatening XXXX and @entity1164 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death mortality']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['automatic nervous system']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias', 'malignant tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular function']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: The @entity2339 is impacted by a multitude of pre- and postnatal factors. Developmental programming of @entity2339 function by prenatal @entity285 exposure (PAE) has been demonstrated in animal models and in @entity1 @entity1 , but remains understudied in older @entity1 and adolescents. Moreover, early life adversity (ELA), which occurs at higher rates in @entity1 with PAE than in non-exposed @entity1 , may also play a role in programming the stress response system. In a cohort of @entity1 and adolescents with PAE and ELA (PAE  +  ELA), we evaluated HPA function through assessment of diurnal @entity701 activity compared to that in typically developing controls, as well as the associations among specific ELAs, adverse outcomes, protective factors, and diurnal @entity701 . Morning and evening saliva samples were taken under basal conditions from 42 @entity1 and adolescents (5-18 years) with PAE  +  ELA and 43 typically developing controls. High rates of ELA were shown among @entity1 with PAE, and significantly higher evening @entity701 levels and a flatter diurnal slope were observed in @entity1 with PAE  +  ELA, compared to controls. Medication use in the PAE  +  ELA group was associated with lower morning @entity701 levels, which were comparable to controls. Complex associations were found among diurnal @entity701 patterns in the PAE  +  ELA group and a number of ELAs and later adverse outcomes, whereas protective factors were associated with more typical diurnal rhythms. These results complement findings from research on @entity1 @entity1 and animal models showing @entity2339 following PAE, lending weight to the suggestion that PAE and ELA may interact to sensitize the developing @entity2339 . The presence of protective factors may buffer altered @entity701 regulation, underscoring the importance of early assessment and interventions for @entity1 with @entity13826 , and in particular, for the many @entity1 with @entity13826 who also have ELA.

title: Dysregulation of the @entity701 diurnal rhythm following prenatal XXXX exposure and early life adversity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'dysregulated HPA function', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: CONCLUSION OF THE ICU: Preliminary results from this stage of our study demonstrate a significant decrease of the duration of @entity4 , probably due to the effects of the inhibition of vascular hyperpermeability. This means that @entity1 under @entity837 therapy can undergo surgical procedures such as necrectomies and autografts sooner because they are stabilized as early as the beginning of their treatment. Particularly the @entity1 with burned faces and deep dermal burns have a better prognoses in respect to cosmetics. CONCLUSION OF THE PSYCHOLOGIST: From the beginning of the study to the present time, no @entity1 experienced @entity1005 . The compared group of out- @entity1 had been treated on average of 3 months when the first signs of a reduction in the clinical symptoms of @entity1005 was registered. The clinical onset of the therapeutical effect--on average in the third week--is comparable with references from @entity308 treatment by using @entity837 . We suggest, at present, that the above-mentioned, preliminary results of our study have shown that @entity837 treatment has a beneficial effect on @entity132 in severely burned @entity1 . CONCLUSION OF THE SCAR SPECIALIST: Seropram is a very useful preparation in burn praxis. When we apply it as a bolus 40 mg i.v. immediately after admission to the ICU, the scarring process is very good and @entity2805 are not seen. When we apply Seropram in the form of a continual infusion, using the injectomat during a 24-hour period, scarring is better than in the control group, but @entity1184 scarring is not out of the question.

title: Therapeutical aspects of using XXXX in burns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety or inhibitory depression']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['Citalopram']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['citalopram']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the most appropriate antiepileptic drug strategies after successful @entity302 surgery. METHODS: A total of 131 @entity302 @entity1 who underwent @entity302 surgery from January 2005 to December 2008 in the Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were divided into three groups (monotherapy, duotherapy, and polytherapy) according to drug combinations used immediately after @entity302 surgery. @entity410 outcomes were followed up for more than 2 years. Engel classification was used to evaluate @entity410 outcomes. RESULTS: The mean postoperative follow-up period was 3.7  1.0 years. Preoperative baseline data among the three groups were comparable. @entity410 recurrence rate in monotherapy was obviously higher than in other groups (34.1% vs. 15.1%, 7.1%) at 6-month follow-up, which showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.02). @entity410 outcomes for 2 years were assessed using Engel classification. In the duotherapy group, the rate of Engel class I was definitely higher than in the other two groups (69.9% vs. 47.7%, 57.1%, p=0.02). @entity410 relapse rates at the 2-year follow-up, after planned reduction or withdrawal, were 46.4% for monotherapy, 16.9% for duotherapy, and 25.0% for polytherapy (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Monotherapy may be not sufficient enough to control @entity410 completely. It appears to have a higher risk for @entity410 relapse when considering drug reduction. It suggests that duotherapy may be more effective and safer than monotherapy. Even after successful @entity302 surgery, duotherapy seems preferable to monotherapy or polytherapy for control of residual @entity410 .

title: Evaluation of different antiepileptic drug strategies in medically @entity302 XXXX following @entity302 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity7271 antigen ( @entity939 ) is a member of the desmoglein subfamily of cadherin cell adhesion molecules. Because autoantibodies in this disease cause @entity4530 due to loss of epidermal cell adhesion, and because @entity30903 is found in the desmosome cell adhesion junction, we wanted to determine if @entity939 is also found in desmosomes. By immunofluorescence, PV IgG bound, in a dotted pattern, to the cell surface of cultured @entity1 keratinocytes induced to differentiate with @entity460 , suggesting junctional staining. However, by preembedding, immunogold electron microscopic studies only slight labeling could be detected in desmosomes, presumably because of difficulty in gold penetration of intact desmosomes. We therefore treated the keratinocytes with 0.01% trypsin in 1 mM @entity460 , conditions known to preserve cadherin antigenicity but that caused slight separation of desmosomes, before immunogold staining. In this case there was extensive labeling of the extracellular part of desmosomes but not of the interdesmosomal cell membrane which was stained with anti- @entity12812 antibodies. To confirm the specificity of this binding we showed that antibodies raised in @entity95 against the extracellular portions of @entity939 also bound desmosomes in these cultures. In intact @entity19 epidermis we could also show slight, but specific, immunogold desmosomal labeling with PV IgG. Furthermore, neonatal @entity19 injected with PV IgG affinity purified on @entity939 showed desmosomal separation with the IgG localized to desmosomal cores. These results indicate that @entity939 is organized and concentrated within the desmosome where it presumably functions to maintain the integrity of stratifying epithelia.

title: XXXX antigen, a desmoglein type of cadherin, is localized within keratinocyte desmosomes.

entities_list: @entity30903 :: ('MESH:D051182', 'Chemical') :: ['desmoglein']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['Pemphigus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['Pemphigus vulgaris']


abstract: Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, used to regulate cell fate decisions. Four Notch receptors have been identified in @entity1 ( @entity125 to -4). In this study, semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression pattern of Notch receptor genes in whole adult @entity1 liver and isolated liver cell preparations. All 4 receptors were expressed in the adult liver, with no significant differences in the levels of @entity45476 messenger RNA (mRNA) between normal and diseased liver. However, @entity7363 expression appeared to be increased in diseased tissue. The distribution of @entity45477 in normal tissue was similar, with @entity125 also detectable at low levels in the sinusoidal endothelium. @entity126 expression was more widely distributed, and detectable in hepatocytes, medium-sized bile ducts, and the sinusoidal endothelium. @entity7363 expression was seen on hepatocytes, with weaker expression detectable in portal veins, hepatic arteries, and the sinusoids. In normal liver tissue @entity45478 were found to be coexpressed on bile duct epithelium; however, with the exception of @entity7363 in @entity991 ( @entity991 ) livers, expression was absent on proliferating ductules in all disease states examined. Interestingly, the expression of @entity45479 was associated with numerous small vessels within the portal tract septa of diseased tissue. The absence of Notch receptor expression on proliferating bile ductules and its presence on neovessels suggests that Notch signaling may be important for normal bile duct formation and the aberrant neovascularization seen in diseased liver tissue.

title: Notch receptor expression in adult XXXX liver: a possible role in bile duct formation and hepatic neovascularization.

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is a major site of intrarenal @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) synthesis. This study examines the expression and regulation of the @entity3009 synthesizing enzymes @entity48901 ( @entity48902 in the @entity1358 . By indirect immunofluorescence using isoform-specific antibodies, @entity48902 immunoreactivity was localized to all cell types of the @entity19 @entity30540 @entity1358 cell line. By immunohistochemistry, both @entity48901 and @entity10178 were localized to intercalated cells of the @entity1358 on @entity982 -embedded @entity19 kidney sections. When COX enzyme activity was measured in the @entity30540 cells, both @entity3352 ( @entity48902 inhibitor) and the specific @entity10178 inhibitor @entity8228 effectively blocked @entity1421 synthesis. These results demonstrate that @entity10178 is the major contributor to the pool of @entity1421 synthesized by the @entity1358 . By Western blot analysis, @entity10178 expression was significantly upregulated by incubation with either @entity3352 or @entity8228 . These drugs did not affect @entity48901 protein expression. Evaluation of @entity10178 mRNA expression by Northern blot analysis after @entity8228 treatment demonstrated that the @entity10178 protein upregulation occurred independently of any change in @entity10178 mRNA expression. These studies have for the first time localized @entity10178 to the @entity1358 and provided evidence that the intercalated cells of the @entity1358 express both @entity48901 and @entity10178 . The results also demonstrate that constitutively expressed @entity10178 is the major COX isoform contributing to @entity1421 synthesis by the @entity30540 @entity1358 cell line. Inhibition of @entity10178 activity in the @entity30540 cell line results in an upregulation of @entity10178 protein expression.

title: XXXX upregulates constitutive cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the @entity30540 @entity1358 cell line.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['cortical collecting duct', 'CCD']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity8228 :: (MESH:C080955,Chemical) :: ['NS-398']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective study to determine the usefulness of quantitative bacterial cultures of fluid obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage as an aid in the diagnosis of @entity2028 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage during a 6 1/2-month period. Presence of @entity55 was determined using clinical, radiographic, laboratory, and histologic data. Quantitative bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined using a 1-microL culture loop. RESULTS: Quantitative bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were sensitive and specific predictors of @entity2028 . Using 10(3) colony-forming units (cfu)/mL as the threshold value for a positive culture, we determined the sensitivity and specificity to be 90% and 97%, respectively. The data were also analyzed for the subgroups of @entity1 who were intubated or were receiving antibiotics. The sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 96% for the group of patients receiving antibiotics and 100% and 82% for the group of @entity1 intubated for more than 24 hours at the time of BAL. Values for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the 3 groups were 0.94, 0.88, and 0.96, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative bacterial cultures of BAL fluid are sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of @entity2028 . The use of antibiotics at the time of BAL reduces the sensitivity of the test, and prolonged intubation reduces the specificity of the test.

title: Quantitative culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity2028 :: (MESH:D018410,Disease) :: ['bacterial pneumonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The sun mushroom (Agaricus brasiliensis) is considered a major source of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. Mushrooms typically act as lipid-lowering agents; however, little is known about the mechanisms of action of A. brasiliensis in biological systems. This study aimed to determine the underlying mechanism involved in the @entity165 -lowering effect of A. brasiliensis through the assessment of fecal and serum lipid profiles in addition to gene expression analysis of specific transcription factors, enzymes, and transporters involved in @entity165 homeostasis. METHODS: Twenty-four albino Fischer @entity35 approximately 90  days old, with an average weight of 205  g, were divided into four groups of 6 each and fed a standard AIN-93  M diet (C), @entity753 diet (H), @entity753 diet +1  % A. brasiliensis (HAb), or @entity753 diet +0.008  % @entity3413 (HS) for 6  weeks. @entity3413 was used as a positive control, as it is a typical drug prescribed for @entity4977 . Subsequently, blood, liver, and feces samples were collected for lipid profile and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction gene expression analyses. RESULTS: Diet supplementation with A. brasiliensis significantly improved serum lipid profiles, comparable to the effect observed for @entity3413 . In addition, A. brasiliensis dietary supplementation markedly promoted fecal @entity165 excretion. Increased expression of 7a-hydroxylase ( @entity34254 ), @entity855 -binding cassette subfamily G-transporters ( @entity27913 /G8), and @entity3244 ( @entity3244 ) was observed following A. brasiliensis administration. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that consumption of A. brasiliensis improves the serum lipid profile in @entity753 @entity35 by modulating the expression of key genes involved in hepatic @entity165 metabolism.

title: Agaricus brasiliensis (sun mushroom) affects the expression of genes related to XXXX homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity3244 :: ('300438(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['low-density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDLR']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preliminary studies have demonstrated that the Ras family and related @entity3007 -dependent proteins are overactivated in @entity11 and that inhibition of the activation of such proteins, by blockade of their post-translational processing, reduces @entity5 cell growth in vitro. The current study evaluates the utility of this therapeutic strategy in vivo, using preclinical @entity11 model systems. METHODS: We examined the efficacy against U-87 @entity1 @entity11 cells, in both subcutaneous and intracranial nude @entity19 models, of selective peptidomimetic inhibitors of farnesyltransferase ( @entity48910 ) and geranylgeranyltransferase ( @entity48911 ), which are involved in critical steps in the post-translational processing of Ras and related @entity3007 -dependent proteins. For the subcutaneous model, 2 x 10(5) U-87 cells were implanted; after measurable @entity5 were detected on Day 7, animals were treated with either @entity48910 , @entity48911 , or vehicle, administered by continuous infusion for 7 days. Differences in @entity5 volumes among the treatment groups were examined for significance using a Student's t test. For the intracranial model, 2 x 10(5) U-87 cells were implanted in the right frontal lobe and treatment was initiated on Day 7. In initial studies, animals received a 7-day course of either @entity48910 , @entity48911 , or vehicle. In subsequent studies, a 28-day treatment period was used. Comparisons of survival times among treatment groups were performed using a rank-sum test. RESULTS: Although the two agents exhibited comparable antiproliferative activities in previous in vitro studies, an obvious difference in efficacy was apparent in this study. Whereas the geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor failed to improve survival rates, compared with those observed for control animals, in either the subcutaneous or intracranial model, the farnesyltransferase inhibitor produced objective regression of @entity5 growth in the subcutaneous model and significant prolongation of survival times in the intracranial model, without apparent @entity137 . In the subcutaneous model, @entity5 volumes for the control, @entity48911 -treated, and @entity48910 -treated animals on Day 28 after implantation were 621+/-420, 107+/-104, and 18.5+/-12.7 mm3, respectively (P < 0.05). In the 7-day-treated intracranial model, survival times for the control, @entity48911 -treated, and @entity48910 -treated groups were 27.7+/-2.9, 29.8+/-2.1, and 43.6+/-2.7 days, respectively (P < 0.001). In the 28-day-treated intracranial model, survival times for the control, @entity48911 -treated, and @entity48910 -treated groups were 29.2+/-3.7, 28.3+/-3.9, and 58.7+/-6.2 days, respectively, with five of six animals in the latter group surviving more than 55 days after @entity5 implantation (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These studies demonstrate that farnesyltransferase inhibition is effective in diminishing the growth of @entity1 @entity11 cells in vivo. Evaluation of this treatment approach in clinical trials is warranted.

title: Inhibition of Ras and related @entity3007 -dependent proteins as a therapeutic strategy for blocking XXXX growth: II--preclinical studies in a nude @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity3007 :: ('MESH:D006160', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of @entity6002 (nalador) for labour induction in the event of @entity204 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 284 @entity1 with @entity204 (n=137), or @entity854 (n=147), who underwent labour induction with @entity6002 in a continuous dose of 1microg/min intravenously. RESULTS: All but three @entity1 had a successful vaginal delivery. The median induction-expulsion interval was significantly shorter (12h) in the @entity204 group compared to the @entity600 group (25h). Two uterine @entity397 were recorded, one in a @entity1 with a @entity4547 , and one in a @entity1 with a previous caesarean section. There were no other complications. Gestational age had a significant influence on spontaneous expulsion of the placenta: before 24 weeks 55%, and after 24 weeks 82% spontaneous expulsion. For the chance of a neonate born with signs of life, parity was the only significant determinant. CONCLUSIONS: The use of intravenous @entity6002 in a low continuous dose is both effective and safe. In addition, this study does not support former opinions that smoking and advanced maternal age are contraindications.

title: Low dose XXXX for termination of second and third trimester pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity4547 :: ('MESH:C562565', 'Disease') :: ['uterine anomaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['foetal malformation']

entities_list: @entity6002 :: ('MESH:C016767', 'Chemical') :: ['sulprostone']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['foetal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['foetal death', 'intrauterine foetal death', 'foetal death or foetal malformations']

answer: @entity6002 :: (MESH:C016767,Chemical) :: ['sulprostone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a non-invasive technique that has been shown to be effective in reducing both @entity951 and @entity741 in @entity1 not responding to medical therapy and without revascularization alternatives. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term outcome of EECP treatment at a Scandinavian centre, in relieving @entity951 in @entity1 with chronic @entity951 . METHODS: 55 @entity1 were treated with EECP. @entity65 ( @entity65 ) class, antianginal medication and adverse clinical events were collected prior to EECP, at the end of the treatment, and at six and 12 months after EECP treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms were recorded. RESULTS: EECP treatment significantly improved the @entity65 class in 79 +/- 6% of the @entity1 with chronic @entity951 (p < 0.001). The reduction in @entity65 @entity951 class was seen in @entity1 with @entity65 class III and IV and persisted 12 months after EECP treatment. There was no significant relief in @entity951 in @entity1 with @entity65 class II prior to EECP treatment. 73 +/- 7% of the @entity1 with a reduction in @entity65 class after EECP treatment improved one @entity65 class, and 22 +/- 7% of the @entity1 improved two @entity65 classes. The improvement of two @entity65 classes could progress over a six months period and tended to be more prominent in @entity1 with @entity65 class IV. In accordance with the reduction in @entity65 classes there was a significant decrease in the weekly nitroglycerin usage (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results from the present study show that EECP is a safe treatment for highly symptomatic @entity1 with @entity951 . The beneficial effects were sustained during a 12-months follow-up period.

title: One year follow-up of XXXX with @entity951 treated with enhanced external counterpulsation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'refractory angina pectoris', 'refractory angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CCS', 'Canadian cardiovascular society']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Obesity is an epidemic health problem related to morbidity and mortality of metabolic and @entity65 . However, little is known regarding the development of @entity66 in an @entity28 subgroup with a healthy metabolic risk profile. This study examined the prevalence of baseline metabolically healthy @entity28 subjects and its impacts on the incidences of @entity66 using a nation-wide population cohort. @entity28 were prevalent in 8.2% of the baseline population and 28.5% of the @entity28 subjects. Subjects included were 1,547 @entity1 and @entity1 (age range, 18-59 years), who were free of components of the @entity209 except waist criteria. During an average 5.4-year follow-up, the cumulative incidences of @entity101 , @entity2175 were 7.8%, 1.2% and 5.6%, respectively. The hazard ratios (95% CIs) for the @entity209 incidence were significantly higher at BMI levels of >=23.0 kg/m   [4.68 (2.22-9.86)] for BMI of 23-24.9 kg/m  ; 8.82 (4.01-19.4) for BMI of 25-26.9 kg/m  ; and 24.43 (12.33-48.41) for BMI of >=27 kg/m  ). The hazard ratios for @entity6 or @entity101 incidence were significantly higher at BMI levels of >=25.0 kg/m2. Each kg/m   of BMI gained was associated with an 18% increase in the risk of developing @entity101 and a 26% increase in risk for the @entity209 . We conclude that metabolically healthy @entity28 individuals are at higher risk to develop @entity101 , @entity2175 than their non- @entity28 counterparts. Our data provide further evidence that opposes the notion of metabolically healthy @entity28 as harmless conditions.

title: Prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity and its impacts on incidences of @entity101 , @entity6 and the XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolically healthy obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: P-glycoprotein belongs to the @entity855 binding cassette transporters, responsible for the multidrug resistance of @entity5 cells. These transporters efflux hydrophobic drugs outside cells and decrease their therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity4733 , an oral @entity669 kinase inhibitor of @entity470 , @entity319 and @entity8958 kinases, on the functionality of @entity7895 after a 24h-treatment at therapeutic concentration (2 M), and its ability to increase the @entity137 of chemotherapeutic agents in multidrug resistance @entity5 cells. In this study we found that @entity1 -DXR and @entity1 -CDDP cells were resistant to @entity632 and @entity900 respectively, compare to parental cell line IGROV1. The parental sensitive and the two resistant cell lines similarly expressed @entity11092 and did not express @entity28671 . Moreover, in contrast to the @entity1 and @entity1 -CDDP cells, @entity1 -DXR cell line overexpressed @entity7895 . Functional activity studies demonstrated that @entity11092 was not functional and the MDR phenotype in @entity1 -DXR cells was linked to @entity7895 functionality. Results also showed that @entity4733 reversed resistance to @entity632 in @entity1 -DXR cells, but not to @entity900 in @entity1 -CDDP cells. After 24h of treatment, @entity4733 increased the accumulation of @entity3514 and @entity5384 AM, demonstrating a functional inhibition of the transporter. In @entity1 -DXR cell line, @entity4733 reverse resistance to @entity632 by inhibiting the functionality of @entity7895 . In conclusion, @entity4733 should be an option for drug combination in @entity1 already developing a @entity7895 mediated multidrug resistance.

title: Inhibition of P-glycoprotein functionality by XXXX may reverse @entity5 cell resistance to @entity632 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'IGROV1']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3514 :: ('CHEBI:8828', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine 123']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4733 :: ('MESH:C452423', 'Chemical') :: ['vandetanib']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity4733 :: (MESH:C452423,Chemical) :: ['vandetanib']


abstract: The advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed to increase the interest and awareness in childhood @entity62 . Pediatric inflammatory demyelinating @entity6220 (CNS) are clinically heterogeneous with respect to their mode of presentation, clinical severity, rate of progression, and prognosis. Acute disseminated @entity1651 (ADEM) is an immune-mediated @entity32 of the CNS, typically transitory and self-limiting. The highest incidence of ADEM is observed during childhood. It is characterized by an acute @entity75 with polyfocal @entity51 . In the absence of specific biological markers the diagnosis of ADEM is still based on clinical features and MRI evidence of widespread @entity17 , after ruling out other possible explanations for an acute @entity75 . Over the past decade, many retrospective @entity1 studies have focused on clinical and neuroimaging features, in an attempt to define specific diagnostic criteria. The occurrence of relapses in @entity1 with ADEM poses diagnostic difficulties in its differentiation from @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ). With the widespread use of high-dose @entity230 , the long-term prognosis of ADEM with regard to functional and cognitive recovery is favorable. This chapter summarizes the available literature on ADEM in @entity1 , including the proposed consensus definitions for its monophasic and relapsing variants.

title: Acute disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['diseases of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['NMO', 'neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter disorders']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: Deficient inhibitory neurotransmission of @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity161 based on postmortem studies. However, in vivo studies have shown predominantly negative or conflicting results. The goal of this study was to better characterize possible changes of the regional @entity1246 (A)- @entity1245 receptor distribution volume (BZR V3-p) in @entity161 in vivo, using a larger sample size than previous studies. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with @entity24785 was used with a constant infusion paradigm to measure the BZR V3-p under sustained radiotracer equilibrium conditions. Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity161 and 24 matched healthy control subjects were studied. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) ratings were done in all subjects. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) 96 was used to compare @entity1 and control subjects as well as to study the relationship between SPECT results and composite PANSS scores based on two factorial models: the pentagonal model (positive, negative, @entity1316 , activation, and @entity2438 preoccupation factors) and the taxometric model (disorganized dimension). On the basis of 'absolute' values of V3-p with no normalization for total brain uptake, the @entity161 @entity1 showed no significant differences in BZR levels compared to the healthy control subjects. With a global normalization procedure, which is more sensitive to relative regional differences in activity, BZR V3-p was significantly decreased in the @entity1 in the left precentral gyrus (BA 6). The relative BZR V3-p showed a significant positive correlation with duration of illness in the superior occipital gyri (BA 19). No significant correlations were observed between either absolute or relative BZR V3-p and either age or any of the composite PANSS scores based on any of the two factorial models in either @entity1 or control subjects. No significant differences were observed between cigarette smoking vs. non-smoking @entity1 , nor between the @entity1 on atypical antipsychotics vs. on typical antipsychotics vs. not on any antipsychotics. In general, no significant differences in BZR V3-p were observed between @entity1 and control subjects, except for a decrease in relative BZR V3-p in the left precentral gyrus. Grey matter atrophy is unlikely to be the cause for this decrease. However, we could not exclude that possibility. The positive correlation with duration of illness might reflect the relative preservation of neurons expressing BZR in the superior occipital gyri as compared to other cortical brain regions in @entity161 .

title: @entity24785 SPECT XXXX receptor imaging in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['dysphoric mood']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the potential activity of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) to induce @entity1373 in New Zealand White (NZW) @entity95 . METHODS: Female NZW @entity95 were used throughout experiments. To simulate the conditions of immunosuppression, @entity870 (10 mg/kg of body weight/d) was administered intravenously on a daily basis for 14 days and @entity1667 (5 mg/kg/d) was administered on the first two days. The @entity870 (10 mg/kg/d) also was administered without @entity1667 for 14 days to another cohort of @entity95 . Mammary tissue of each @entity95 was palpated and serially measured during this treatment period. The @entity870 was discontinued, and @entity95 were monitored for 14 more days during the washout period. Sequential plasma concentrations of prolactin, @entity53 , and @entity1420 in each blood sample were determined by use of radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: All NZW @entity95 treated with @entity870 and @entity1667 for immunosuppression consistently developed striking mammary tissue @entity1373 . At the end of treatment with @entity870 and @entity1667 , mammary glands had extensive changes consistent with actively lactating glands. Similar but less extensive @entity1373 developed in response to @entity870 alone. Plasma concentration of prolactin increased during treatment and decreased during the washout period. Plasma concentration of @entity53 increased during treatment and continued to increase during the washout period. Plasma @entity1420 concentration decreased at the end of treatment. On discontinuation of @entity870 , @entity1373 regressed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity205 , with or without @entity1667 , induces @entity1373 and @entity4089 in NZW @entity95 . This @entity95 model may be a reliable in vivo system by which to study immunosuppressant-induced structural and functional changes of mammary glands similar to those observed in @entity1 .

title: XXXX -induced @entity1373 and @entity4089 in New Zealand White @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['mammary hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporin A']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine A']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine possible effects of the @entity48338 mutation in the trabecular meshwork glucocorticoid response ( @entity29714 ) gene (also known as @entity29714 [MYOC]), using assays of translocational processing through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The @entity48338 mutation was of particular interest, since the mutation shows a strong association with early onset @entity1538 , but has a minimal predicted effect on protein structure. METHODS: Normal and mutant @entity29714 cDNA constructs were used to generate protein products in the presence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, using an assay previously developed to detect alterations in the ER translocation function. "Paused" regions for potential protein modifications were defined by proteinase K (PK) sensitivity in the presence of ER membranes, with the ability to restart translocation when treated with @entity1098 . The effects of the @entity48338 mutation were evaluated, as well as mutations located on either side of @entity48338 ( @entity48339 , @entity48340 , @entity46836 ) as the other mutations had substantial predicted structural changes in addition to clear disease associations. RESULTS: The native @entity29714 molecule was observed to have a paused region that corresponds to the region of highest olfactomedin (OLF) homology. The @entity48338 mutation, located near the beginning of this region, dramatically altered the normal pattern of nascent proteins observed in the translocational pausing assay. A prominent band appeared with the @entity48338 mutation, which could represent a new product or a marked enhancement of a faint band normally seen, approximately 3 kDa higher than the major paused band. The other @entity29714 mutants examined did not show this effect. CONCLUSIONS: The major translocational pause that starts near the beginning of the region of high OLF homology may help to explain the high frequency of @entity726 -associated mutations in this area. The observed effect of the @entity48338 mutation on the products of translocational processing suggests a delay in the normal pausing process of @entity29714 biogenesis. This delay points to a potentially distinct pathogenic mechanism for @entity48338 as compared with the other @entity29714 mutations so far evaluated.

title: A trabecular meshwork glucocorticoid response ( XXXX ) gene mutation affects translocational processing.

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity29714 :: (4653,Gene) :: ['TIGR']


abstract: The @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ) and the @entity5427 ( @entity5427 ) are caused by the loss of function of imprinted genes in proximal 15q. In approximately 2%-4% of @entity1 , this loss of function is due to an imprinting defect. In some cases, the imprinting defect is the result of a parental imprint-switch failure caused by a microdeletion of the imprinting center (IC). Here we describe the molecular analysis of 13 @entity6038 @entity1 and 17 @entity5427 @entity1 who have an imprinting defect but no IC deletion. Heteroduplex and partial sequence analysis did not reveal any point mutations of the known IC elements, either. Interestingly, all of these @entity1 represent sporadic cases, and some share the paternal ( @entity6038 ) or the maternal ( @entity5427 ) 15q11-q13 haplotype with an unaffected sib. In each of five @entity6038 @entity1 informative for the grandparental origin of the incorrectly imprinted chromosome region and four cases described elsewhere, the maternally imprinted paternal chromosome region was inherited from the paternal grandmother. This suggests that the grandmaternal imprint was not erased in the father's germ line. In seven informative @entity5427 @entity1 reported here and in three previously reported @entity1 , the paternally imprinted maternal chromosome region was inherited from either the maternal grandfather or the maternal grandmother. The latter finding is not compatible with an imprint-switch failure, but it suggests that a paternal imprint developed either in the maternal germ line or postzygotically. We conclude (1) that the incorrect imprint in non-IC-deletion cases is the result of a spontaneous prezygotic or postzygotic error, (2) that these cases have a low recurrence risk, and (3) that the paternal imprint may be the default imprint.

title: Sporadic imprinting defects in @entity6038 and XXXX : implications for imprint-switch models, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['PWS', 'Prader-Willi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Angelman syndrome']

answer: @entity5427 :: (MESH:D017204,Disease) :: ['Angelman syndrome']


abstract: 1. The presence of functional alpha-adrenoceptors in freshly dispersed single smooth muscle cells from @entity35 tail arteries was investigated by use of selective alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists. 2. @entity20253 , a selective @entity7819 -adrenoceptor agonist, caused a @entity3159 -sensitive, rapid but transient increase in intracellular @entity141 , which was partially inhibited by the voltage-dependent @entity141 channel blocker, nifedipine. 3. @entity27642 , an @entity7819 -adrenoceptor agonist, in the presence of @entity3159 , initiated a slow and sustained increase in intracellular @entity141 which was partially inhibited by @entity3160 and almost completely blocked by @entity594 . 4. In @entity35 tail artery, the effects (dose-response and time-response curves) of @entity20253 and @entity27642 on intracellular @entity141 levels in freshly dispersed single smooth muscle cells were comparable with those obtained with organ bath studies of ring preparations of artery. 5. In freshly dispersed single smooth muscle cells, the time-course response curves induced by the selective @entity7819 -adrenoceptor agonist, @entity2647 and the selective @entity7819 -adrenoceptor agonist, @entity16495 , were similar to those observed with @entity20253 and @entity27642 , respectively. 6. These results indicate that: (a) functional @entity7819 - and @entity7819 -adrenoceptors are present in freshly dispersed single smooth muscle cells from @entity35 tail artery and ( @entity7819 - and @entity7819 -adrenoceptors are coupled to different cellular processes that lead to an increase in intracellular @entity141 .

title: The effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists on intracellular @entity141 levels in freshly dispersed single smooth muscle cells from XXXX tail artery.

entities_list: @entity20253 :: ('MESH:C014282', 'Chemical') :: ['Cirazoline', 'cirazoline']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: This study presents a series of five cases in which @entity189 , predominantly low-grade @entity1962 , of the breast is seen arising within a background of a @entity75 . This association has been recognized previously but has not been documented in detail. This study describes the characteristics of the components present in each case and discusses the existing literature. This observation adds further evidence to support an association between some types of @entity0 and sclerosing lesions of the breast. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four of these cases were received as referral cases for opinion. The fifth was received as part of the routine surgical workload within our own institution. Two @entity1 presented following mammographic screening and three symptomatically; their mean age was 62 years (range 49-68). The mean lesion size was 16 mm (range 7-24). All five lesions showed features of a @entity75 /radial scar in the form of @entity1463 with @entity2652 and radiating benign entrapped tubules. One had associated benign papillary structures and two had focal @entity1544 . Four cases showed coexisting but distinct areas of low-grade @entity1962 with glandular and squamous epithelial differentiation in a spindle cell background. One case had associated undifferentiated @entity189 . Detailed immunophenotypic characteristics of two cases are presented. CONCLUSIONS: This series illustrates a postulated but previously unconfirmed association between an unusual form of @entity0 ( @entity1962 ) and @entity75 . The mechanisms of induction of @entity0 are poorly understood but these observations further emphasize the potential for sclerosing lesion of the breast to be associated with, and possibly give rise to, @entity189 of different types. The precise nature of the interaction between the pathological processes remains unclear.

title: @entity189 of the breast arising within XXXX : a report of five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'invasive breast carcinoma', 'metaplastic breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['elastosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['complex sclerosing lesion', 'complex sclerosing lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['spindle cell carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma', 'metaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['central sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['benign squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['complex sclerosing lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity43 in @entity1 40 years or younger is rare; diagnosis at this age justifies referral for genetic testing. We evaluated clinical data, family history, and risk of identifying @entity6069 mutations in @entity1 with early-onset @entity43 . MATERIALS/METHODS: @entity1 40 years or younger with @entity43 tested for @entity5345 /2 mutation at our department of @entity1 genetics between 1996 and 2012 were included. The rate of @entity5345 /2 mutation was obtained; carriers were compared to noncarriers regarding clinical data. RESULTS: Ten (19%) of 52 @entity1 had a @entity6069 mutation. This mutation was detected in 67% of @entity1 with and in 9% of the @entity1 without first-degree relatives with @entity5344 (P < 0.001; Fisher exact test). The median age at diagnosis was lower in the noncarriers compared to the carriers (30 vs 38 years; P = 0.014). Among the @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers, 60% had @entity5 , 80% had moderately to poorly differentiated @entity5 , and 70% had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III/IV compared to 55%, 43%, and 45%, respectively, in the noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of finding a @entity6069 mutation in @entity1 40 years or younger is comparable to @entity1 of all ages with @entity43 . Prior probability of finding a @entity6069 mutation in these young @entity1 is largely determined by their family history, which can help caregivers in informing ahead of genetic counseling and testing.

title: Added value of family history in counseling about risk of XXXX mutation in early-onset @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer', 'Epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and/or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['serous tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity6069 :: (672;675,Gene) :: ['BRCA1/2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enhanced synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins including @entity11504 ( @entity11504 ) is associated with the development of @entity1463 . In this context we studied @entity11504 synthesis by tubular epithelial cells in response to @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). METHODS: @entity11504 protein synthesis by @entity1 tubular epithelial cells in culture (TEC) was measured by biosynthetic labeling and ELISA. Splicing of @entity11504 was assessed by RT-PCR and by Northern blotting. RESULTS: Cultivated TEC synthesized and released @entity11504 , the majority of which was deposited as an unsoluble protein and a minor portion (10 to 15%) was released into the supernatant. @entity2533 and, to a lesser degree, PDGF, up-regulated @entity11504 synthesis. All three @entity11504 splice variants ( @entity3796 , @entity8946 , and IIICS) were produced. PDGF did not influence the splicing. @entity2533 preferentially up-regulated the @entity3796 splice variant, but had no effect on the splicing of the other domains. CONCLUSIONS: PDGF and @entity2533 both up-regulate @entity11504 synthesis of TEC. @entity2533 , but not PDGF, also changed the quality of the de novo synthesized @entity11504 , and thus has a different role in the development of @entity1463 .

title: Fibronectin synthesis by @entity1 tubular epithelial cells in culture: effects of PDGF and XXXX on synthesis and splicing.

entities_list: @entity11504 :: ('MESH:C536826', 'Disease') :: ['fibronectin', 'FN']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta']


abstract: Crow (1995a) has argued that @entity161 is caused by a gene associated with the evolution of @entity1 language and cerebral specialisation. This paper suggests a mechanism for Crow's theory which requires only one new assumption for the right shift genetic model of handedness and cerebral dominance (Annett, 1978). The proposal is that the RS+ allele, whose normal function is to induce the left hemisphere to serve speech by impairing speech-related cortex in the right hemisphere, tends to lose its directional coding. It becomes agnosic (RS+ a) for right versus left and impairs the left or right hemisphere at random. @entity161 is likely to develop when the RS+ a gene is paired with a normal RS+ gene but only in the 50% of cases where both hemispheres are affected. In the 50% where RS+ a affects the right hemisphere, development is normal as in the RS+ RS+ genotype. The risks for @entity161 in monozygotic and dizygotic twins and other relatives are as expected for 50% expression of a Mendelian gene which is paired with a particular allele, but not alternative alleles at the same locus. The frequency of homozygotes for the agnosic gene is about 4 in 10,000, the rate observed for @entity2438 . A random pattern of double hemisphere deficits would give scope for a range of developmental strengths and weaknesses as observed within the spectrum of @entity2438 . Tests of the model require brain-imaging studies sensitive to individual differences in hemisphere lateralisation and a search for a genetic locus with @entity1 and nonhuman primate alleles, together with a mutant of the @entity1 form with a frequency of about 2%.

title: XXXX and @entity2438 considered as the products of an agnosic right shift gene.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic disorders', 'autism']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity13928 alternatively converts angiotensin (Ang) II into Ang-(1-7) and Ang I into Ang-(1-9). There is little information in the literature with respect to Ang-(1-9) properties. A number of studies show a link between peptides of the renin-angiotensin system and @entity715 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have investigated the influence of Ang-(1-9) on stasis-induced @entity49 in the @entity35 . The contribution of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, angiotensin receptor type 1 ( @entity1809 ) and MAS receptor in the mode of Ang-(1-9) action was also determined. RESULTS: Ang-(1-9) enhanced @entity715 development, decreased plasma concentration of tissue plasminogen activator and increased the level of its inhibitor ( @entity2630 ). The action of Ang-(1-9) was reversed by selective antagonist of @entity1809 receptor, but not Ang-(1-7) antagonist. Ang-(1-9) did not bind to the @entity1809 receptor. CONCLUSIONS: Ang-(1-9) enhances @entity49 in the @entity35 because of the @entity73 . The prothrombotic effect of Ang-(1-9) is mediated by Ang II acting via the @entity1809 receptor.

title: Angiotensin-(1-9) enhances stasis-induced @entity49 in the XXXX because of the @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of fibrinolysis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Europe, @entity0 is the most common @entity5 among @entity1 . His treatment (TTT) can have a significant impact on daily life. AIMS: Explore the experienced short-term @entity458 ( @entity458 ) of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy by @entity1 themselves, the information delivered and the place of the general practitioner (GP). METHOD: Qualitative study by individual interview, conducted from January to May 2015, with 14 @entity1 followed for no metastatic @entity0 after chemotherapy and possible initiation of hormone therapy, at the @entity5 Institute of the Loire (France). RESULTS: The @entity458 of chemotherapy, except @entity391 , have appeared very trying (fatigue, @entity158 oral and cutaneous involvement), punctuated and accentuated by the cures. They were resounding on daily life, requiring family or professional assistance. Falling dander, considered stigmatizing, violated the @entity1 and femininity. The @entity1 have estimated to be well informed. They had appreciated the initial response of the pivot nurse. The least expected @entity458 of hormone therapy, hot flashes and @entity158 might limit activities. To counteract these @entity458 , mostly accepted to prevent recidivism, a remedy for complementary therapies was frequent. The GP was solicited for some @entity458 , sometimes for complementary medicine (CM). CONCLUSION: Over the cures, @entity1 suggested support meetings, a more sustainable action of the pivot nurse, a better attention to their complaints and a more personalized information. The development of TTT less EI provider was desired. The effect of CM on @entity458 should be explored.

title: [Perception of adverse reactions of chemotherapy and hormone therapy by @entity1 treated for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'side effects']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['articular pains', 'pains']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The H82 "variant" and the H69 "classic" @entity151 ( @entity151 ) cell lines were treated with low levels of @entity1259 (69 and 14 nM) which caused little cell death but produced the H82/E8 and H69/E8 extended-multidrug resistant sublines. Both were resistant to drugs associated with multidrug resistance (MDR), and to @entity5805 (9.5- and 5.6-fold, respectively) and @entity900 (2.3- and 8.5-fold, respectively). There was increased expression of the @entity11092 ) in the H82/E8 subline while P-glycoprotein expression was not detected in any cells or sublines. Treatment of the H82 cells for 1 hr with 69 nM @entity1259 increased @entity11092 -mRNA expression within 4 hr and this was associated with an increase in the resistance to @entity1259 , @entity5805 , @entity900 and @entity1311 . Further, a 1 hr treatment with non-cytotoxic doses of @entity5805 (2.5 microM), @entity900 (1.3 microM) or @entity1311 (13 nM), drugs not normally associated with @entity11092 -mediated MDR, also increased @entity11092 -mRNA expression in the H82 cells with @entity1311 causing the highest increase (4.5-fold). For @entity5805 treatment, this increased MRPI-mRNA expression was accompanied by increased drug resistance while @entity1311 treatment had no effect on drug resistance in the H82 cells. For the drug resistant H82/E8 subline, these drug treatments had no effect on the @entity11092 -mRNA expression and little effect on increasing the subline drug resistance. However, pretreatment with @entity1311 sensitised the H82/E8 subline to @entity5805 and @entity900 returning the subline to the sensitivity of the H82 cell line. We conclude that treatment with low levels of MDR and non-MDR drugs can induce extended-multidrug resistance in @entity151 cells, a process that probably involves the co-ordinate upregulation of @entity11092 and other resistance mechanisms. The results also suggest @entity1311 may have a role as a response modifier in the treatment of refractory @entity151 .

title: Induction of broad drug resistance in @entity151 cells and its reversal by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['MRP1', 'multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: High-protein diets are popular for weight management, but the health effects of such diets in @entity6 @entity1 are inconclusive. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to examine the effects of high-protein diets on body weight and metabolic risk factors in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . We searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for relevant randomised trials up to August 2012. Either a fixed- or a random-effects model was used to combine the net changes in each outcome from baseline to the end of the intervention. Overall, nine trials including a total of 418 @entity6 @entity1 met our inclusion criteria. The study duration ranged from 4 to 24 weeks. The actual intake of dietary protein ranged from 25 to 32% of total energy in the intervention groups and from 15 to 20% in the control groups. Compared with the control diets, high-protein diets resulted in more @entity353 (pooled mean difference: 22.08, 95% CI 23.25, 20.90 kg). High-protein diets significantly decreased glycated Hb @entity3916 (HbA1C) levels by 0.52 (95% CI 20.90, 20.14) %, but did not affect the fasting blood @entity413 levels. There were no differences in lipid profiles. The pooled net changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 23.13 (95% CI 26.58, 0.32)mmHg and 21.86 (95% CI 24.26, 0.56) mmHg, respectively. However, two studies reported a large influence on @entity353 and HbA1C levels, respectively. In summary, high-protein diets (within 6 months) may have some beneficial effects on @entity353 , HbA1C levels and blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . However, further investigations are still required to draw a conclusion.

title: Effects of high-protein diets on body weight, glycaemic control, blood lipids and blood pressure in XXXX 2 @entity6 : meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relatively high radiation dose from micro-CT is a cause for concern in preclinical research involving animal subjects. Interior region-of-interest (ROI) imaging was proposed for dose reduction, but has not been experimentally applied in micro-CT. OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to implement interior ROI imaging in a @entity505 nanotube (CNT) x- @entity16039 source based micro-CT, and present the ROI image quality and radiation dose reduction for interior cardiac micro-CT imaging of a @entity19 heart in situ. METHODS: An aperture collimator was mounted at the source-side to induce a small-sized cone beam (10mm width) at the isocenter. Interior in situ micro-CT scans were conducted on a @entity19 carcass and several micro-CT phantoms. A GPU-accelerated hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm was employed for volumetric image reconstruction. Radiation dose was measured for the same system operated at the interior and global micro-CT modes. RESULTS: Visual inspection demonstrated comparable image quality between two scan modes. Quantitative evaluation demonstrated high structural similarity index (up to 0.9614) with improved contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) on interior micro-CT mode. Interior micro-CT mode yielded significant reduction (up to 83.9%) for dose length product (DLP). CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the applicability of using CNT x- @entity16039 source based interior micro-CT for preclinical imaging with significantly reduced radiation dose.

title: Interior tomographic imaging of @entity19 heart in a XXXX nanotube micro-CT.

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 and adolescents with @entity302 have an overrepresentation of @entity146 . However, few studies in pediatrics have characterized specific @entity146 conditions associated with @entity410 localization. In addition, degree to which @entity146 may be more prominent in @entity1 refractory to standard medical treatment for @entity302 is not known. The aim of this study was to assess @entity146 symptoms in @entity1 with medically @entity302 and ascertain whether symptoms were associated with specific localization. METHODS: Case records were reviewed for 40 @entity1 with medically @entity302 at the time of their referral for presurgical evaluation. @entity1 received a clinical @entity146 evaluation and parents completed the @entity1 Behavioral Checklist (CBCL). @entity410 localization was verified by pediatric epileptologists, and suitability for surgical procedures was verified by neurosurgical specialists. Groups were compared based on localization of @entity410 foci, either in the temporal lobe or predominantly extratemporal. KEY FINDINGS: The majority of the sample had @entity146 diagnoses and @entity146 , well beyond the level reported in chronic @entity302 populations. In addition, @entity1 with temporal lobe @entity410 foci had more @entity146 categories rated in the clinically significant range, and also were more likely to have clinical diagnoses of @entity308 . SIGNIFICANCE: Routine @entity146 evaluation prior to @entity302 surgery may be important for pediatric @entity1 with medically @entity302 . @entity146 , particularly @entity308 , may be especially prominent for those with temporal lobe @entity410 foci.

title: Psychiatric symptoms in XXXX prior to @entity302 surgery differ according to suspected @entity410 focus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness', 'CBCL behavioral problem', 'Psychiatric illness', 'behavior problems']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity3181 is thought to be manifested by @entity843 , @entity490 , and @entity382 , with a uniformly poor prognosis. However, new imaging techniques allow for the diagnosis of @entity3181 in asymptomatic cases. The aim of our study was to re-evaluate symptoms and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity3181 . METHODS: Eighty-one @entity1 with @entity3181 were analyzed. Forty-seven @entity1 were admitted from 1970 to June 1987 (group I, before Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were introduced at our hospital) and 34 from July 1987 to June 1991 (group II). RESULTS: When comparing the two groups, age, sex ratio, and causes of @entity3181 did not differ. Eight group II @entity1 (asymptomatic @entity1 ) had no @entity843 , @entity382 , or @entity490 . One major hepatic vein remained patent in 41% of group II @entity1 , compared with 12% in group I (P < 0.05). Intrahepatic collaterals were seen in 79% of group II @entity1 , compared with 21% of group I @entity1 (P < 0.01). All asymptomatic @entity1 had large intrahepatic and portasystemic collaterals. At 3 years, @entity204 occurred in 22% of group II @entity1 and in 45% of group I @entity1 . No asymptomatic @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic @entity3181 is associated with the spontaneous development of large @entity5693 . In asymptomatic @entity1 , prognosis at 3 years seems to be good, and surgical therapy may not be required.

title: The changing scene of XXXX : recognition of asymptomatic cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic and portosystemic collaterals']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic vein thrombosis', 'hepatic vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['hepatic vein thrombosis']


abstract: We developed various factor models of the Childhood @entity148 Sensitivity Index [Silverman, W. K., Fleisig, W., Rabian, B. _ Peterson, R. A. (1991). Childhood @entity148 sensitivity index. Journal of Clinical @entity1 Psychology, 20, 162-168] and tested the goodness of fit of the models in an independent sample. Of primary interest was to examine the question that characterized the factor analytic studies conducted on the adult version of the @entity148 sensitivity index, i.e. the ASI [Reiss, S., Peterson, R. A., Gursky, D. M. _ McNally, R. J. (1986). @entity148 sensitivity, @entity148 frequency and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 1-8]: is @entity148 sensitivity in @entity1 a unidimensional construct, an orthogonal multidimensional construct, or a hierarchical construct? Two independent samples (a clinic sample and a nonclinical sample) were used for development and replication of the factor models. The clinic sample consisted of 258 @entity1 (105 @entity1 and 153 @entity1 ) who presented to a @entity1 @entity148 specialty clinic. The unselected, nonclinic sample consisted of 249 @entity1 (122 @entity1 and 127 @entity1 ) enrolled in an elementary school. The results provided strong empirical support for a hierarchical multidimensional model with either three or four first-order factors. The two factors that emerged that appeared to be robust were Physical Concerns and Mental Incapacitation Concerns. What remains unresolved is whether Control of @entity148 and Social Concerns are to be differentiated (as in the hierarchical model with four first-order factors) or not (as in the hierarchical model with three first-order factors). In addition to discussing this issue, the convergence of the present study's findings with past findings obtained with the ASI is discussed.

title: Factor structure of the childhood XXXX sensitivity index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'Child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and regulation of @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ) and its receptor, @entity6823 , in @entity46 . DESIGN: In vivo and vitro study. SETTING: University-based academic medical center. @entity1 (S): Reproductive-age @entity1 undergoing surgery for benign conditions. INTERVENTION(S): Peritoneal and endometrial tissue samples were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): @entity6824 and @entity6823 expression. RESULT(S): Significantly higher @entity6824 levels were found in peritoneal fluid of @entity1 with @entity46 compared with control subjects. Ectopic endometriotic tissue had 3.5-fold and 1.7-fold increases in @entity6824 and @entity6823 expression, respectively, compared with eutopic tissue. Coculture of endometrial cells from either established cell lines or @entity1 samples with peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) led to increased expression of @entity6824 and @entity6823 . A higher but nonsignificant increase in levels of @entity6823 and @entity6824 was found in cocultures of endometrial epithelial cells from @entity1 with @entity46 compared with those without @entity46 . CONCLUSION(S): Increased @entity6824 levels may contribute to @entity75 formation and progression. Elevation in @entity6824 after coculture of endometrial cells with PMCs suggests that endometrial tissue may be a source of peritoneal @entity6824 . Increased @entity6823 expression in endometrial cells from @entity1 with @entity46 cocultured with PMCs suggests that endometrial tissue involved in lesion formation is highly responsive to @entity6824 signaling.

title: Increased expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in XXXX with @entity46 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis lesion']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['CSF-1', 'colony-stimulating factor 1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In recent years, @entity1 who are at high risk for developing @entity195 ( @entity195 ) have become a focus of study. Several research groups have identified these @entity1 , developed diagnostic criteria, and followed the @entity1 longitudinally. These @entity1 therefore constitute a clinical entity that is suitable for therapeutic interventions. In this article, we report our 5-year experience at the Mayo Clinic in characterizing a group of @entity1 with mild @entity73 . These subjects were recruited from community-dwelling individuals who were receiving general medical care in the Department of Internal Medicine. They received the diagnosis of mild @entity73 if they met the following criteria: (a) complaint of defective memory, (b) normal activities of daily living, (c) normal general cognitive function, (d) abnormal memory function for age, and (e) absence of @entity303 . In following more than 75 of these @entity1 , some of whom have been studied for as long as 5 years, it appears that approximately 10% to 15% of the subjects evolve to @entity195 each year. We therefore evaluated the cognitive profiles of these @entity1 at the time of their initial diagnosis in an attempt to predict who would remain stable and who would evolve to @entity195 . Certain features of learning and memory performance indicated @entity1 who were more likely to progress, but the strongest predictor was their @entity2204 status. The @entity1 who possessed an epsilon 4 allele were more likely to convert to @entity195 at a more rapid rate then those who were not carriers. Our results and similar data from other study groups indicate that diagnostic criteria can be defined for @entity1 who are likely to convert to @entity195 ; the natural history of these @entity1 is becoming apparent, and variables that predict ultimate conversion can be defined. Consequently, @entity1 with mild @entity73 constitute an important group for study, particularly form the aspect of therapeutic interventions.

title: Aging, memory, and mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of intravenous @entity6002 infusion for the treatment of retained placenta without massive primary @entity548 among @entity1 at an university hospital over a three-year period. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. POPULATION: 126 consecutive @entity1 with placental retention and intravenous @entity6002 infusion as primary treatment performed from October 2007 up to December 2011. METHODS: Hospital records of @entity1 who received @entity6002 infusion to attempt placental expulsion were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary endpoints of the study were expulsion of placenta and the total amount of @entity190 during delivery. RESULTS: The placenta was successfully expelled in 39.7% of cases, whereas 60.3% of @entity1 underwent manual removal of placenta. @entity190 was significantly lower in @entity1 with successful placental expulsion than in @entity1 who had manual removal of the placenta (582    431 ml vs. 1275    721 ml, p < 0.0001). @entity6002 infusion did not cause adverse effects or significant postpartum morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity6002 infusion is safe and reduces both @entity190 and the need for manual removal of the placenta.

title: Intravenous XXXX infusion in the treatment of retained placenta.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6002 :: ('MESH:C016767', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulprostone', 'sulprostone']

answer: @entity6002 :: (MESH:C016767,Chemical) :: ['sulprostone']


abstract: The surface M protein of group A streptococci (GAS) is one of the major virulence factors for this pathogen. Antibodies to the M protein can facilitate opsonophagocytosis by phagocytic cells present in @entity1 blood. We investigated whether pooled normal immunoglobulin G (IVIG) contains antibodies that can opsonize and enhance the phagocytosis of type M1 strains of GAS and whether the levels of these antibodies vary for different IVIG preparations. We focused on the presence of anti-M1 antibodies because the M1T1 serotype accounts for the majority of recent invasive GAS clinical isolates in our surveillance studies. The level of anti-M1 antibodies in three commercial IVIG preparations was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the opsonic activity of these antibodies was determined by neutrophil-mediated opsonophagocytosis of a representative M1T1 isolate. High levels of opsonic anti-M1 antibodies were found in all IVIG preparations tested, and there was a good correlation between ELISA titers and opsonophagocytic activity. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of opsonic anti-M1 antibodies among the various IVIG preparations or lots tested. Adsorption of IVIG with M1T1 bacteria removed the anti-M1 opsonic activity, while the level of anti-M3 opsonophagocytosis was unchanged. Plasma was obtained from seven @entity1 with @entity137 who received IVIG therapy, and the level of anti-M1 antibodies was assessed before and after IVIG administration. A significant increase in the level of type M1-specific antibodies was found in the plasma of all @entity1 who received IVIG therapy (P < 0.006). The results reveal another potential mechanism by which IVIG can ameliorate severe invasive group A @entity883 .

title: Opsonic antibodies to the surface M protein of group A streptococci in pooled normal immunoglobulins (IVIG): potential impact on the clinical efficacy of IVIG therapy for severe invasive group A XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infections']

answer: @entity883 :: (MESH:D013290,Disease) :: ['streptococcal infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the plasma and pericardial levels of @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) and its precursor big @entity2232 (Big @entity2232 ) in @entity1 with unstable and stable @entity951 prior to and following coronary bypass surgery. To further investigate the content of @entity2232 , tissue levels were studied in the internal mammary artery (IMA) in @entity1 with stable and unstable @entity951 . Finally, the difference in reactivity of the IMA to @entity2232 and Big @entity2232 in stable and unstable @entity1 was evaluated. METHODS: Plasma and pericardial levels of @entity2232 and Big @entity2232 were determined with radioimmunoassay in 81 @entity1 (33 unstable) immediately before coronary bypass surgery, and at 6, 14, 40 and 64 h following the procedure. Specimens of the distal IMA from 12 @entity1 (six unstable) were collected at the beginning of surgery for determination of tissue levels of @entity2232 . Additionally, distal internal mammary arteries were obtained from another 24 @entity1 (12 unstable). These vessels were mounted in organ baths for functional studies on vascular reactivity to @entity2232 and Big @entity2232 . RESULTS: The peripheral plasma levels of @entity2232 in unstable @entity1 were significantly lower in @entity1 with unstable @entity951 compared with @entity1 with stable @entity951 at all points of measurement. The levels of Big @entity2232 were significantly higher pre-operatively in the unstable group, but decreased to similar levels to those of stable @entity1 following coronary bypass grafting. There was no difference in @entity2232 tissue content in the IMA between the @entity1 . @entity2232 and Big @entity2231 ( @entity2231 )-receptor blocker sensitive, concentration-dependent contraction of the IMA obtained from stable as well as unstable @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that unstable @entity951 is associated with an increased @entity2232 turnover. This increased turnover may participate in the local regulation of coronary vascular tone with subsequent influence of the condition of the @entity1 . The present investigation also implies that @entity2231 -blockade may be useful as an additional pharmacological principal in the treatment of unstable @entity951 prior to revascularization, as well as to prevent post-operative arterial graft spasm.

title: Plasma levels and vascular effects of endothelin and big endothelin in XXXX with stable and unstable @entity951 undergoing coronary bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity2231 :: ('1909', 'Gene') :: ['ET-1 caused an endothelin(A)', 'ET(A)']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess distribution, correlations, and prognostic effect of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), node (N), and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) staging on relapse and survival. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical review. @entity1 : Sixty-three @entity1 diagnosed with primary @entity706 ( @entity706 ) between January 1986 and November 2011. METHODS: Complete ocular examination and systemic evaluation were performed. @entity1 were staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) seventh edition @entity5 -node- @entity3 (TNM) clinical staging system for @entity706 and followed every 6 to 12 months (median follow-up, 27.9 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relapse defined as @entity706 in the initial site of presentation, the contralateral ocular adnexal structures, or other systemic site and overall survival. RESULTS: There were 40 @entity1 (63.5%). The median age was 65 years (range, 24-85 years). The affected site was the conjunctiva in 27 @entity1 (42.9%), orbit in 38 @entity1 (60.3%), and eyelid in 3 @entity1 (4.8%). The histologic subtype was extranodal @entity1074 (EMZL) in 51 @entity1 (81.0%). A total of 14 @entity1 (23.3%) had T1, 42 @entity1 (70.0%) had T2, 1 @entity1 (1.7%) had T3, and 3 @entity1 (5.0%) had T4 disease. A total of 48 @entity1 (82.8%) had N0 disease, and 10 @entity1 (17.2%) had @entity45896 disease. @entity3 stage was M0 in 47 @entity1 (81.0%) and M1 in 11 @entity1 (19.0%). With @entity5 stage, there was an increase in both @entity45896 (P = 0.045) and M1 disease (P = 0.041). M1 disease was greater among @entity1 with @entity45896 disease compared with N0 stage (50.0% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.003). Overall, 18 @entity1 (28.6%) relapsed and 6 @entity1 (9.5%) died. In Cox analysis, relapse was not associated with @entity5 stage (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14 per 1 level increase, P = 0.71), N stage (HR, 1.47; P = 0.51 @entity45896 vs. N0), or @entity3 stage (HR, 1.22; P = 0.76 M1 vs. M0). @entity5 stage was not associated with survival (HR, 0.86; P = 0.81), whereas @entity45896 had marginally worse survival than N0 (HR, 5.35; P = 0.07), and M1 had worse survival than M0 (HR, 9.27; P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The TNM staging system for primary @entity706 is useful for precise characterization of extent of @entity66 . Although @entity5 stage does not predict relapse or survival, @entity45896 and M1 stages indicated less favorable survival. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

title: XXXX : assessment of a @entity5 -node- @entity3 staging system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['ocular adnexal lymphoma', 'OAL', 'lymphoma recurrence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced T', 'T']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['marginal zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'M']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Ocular adnexal lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elicitation of contact sensitivity (CS) depends on B-1-cell-derived antigen-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies that recruit CS effector T cells into the local tissue, which is followed by infiltration of antigen-nonspecific mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear cells, such as neutrophils and eosinophils. In this study, we investigated the role of @entity59 , which has broad effects on both eosinophils and B-1 cells, in elicitation of CS. METHODS: @entity59 receptor alpha-chain-deficient ( @entity30533 -/-) @entity19 and @entity30533 +/+ @entity19 were contact sensitized with @entity10312 hapten. Four days later, @entity19 were challenged with the same hapten, and ear swelling responses were measured at 24 h after challenge. Eosinophil infiltration into the local tissue was determined by examination of skin histology and @entity23435 activity. To investigate the role of @entity59 in B-1 cell activation, the number of @entity10312 -specific IgM-producing cells in the spleen was determined by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. RESULTS: Ear swelling responses in @entity30533 -/- @entity19 were about half of those in @entity30533 +/+ @entity19 , and nearly no eosinophil infiltration was observed in @entity30533 -/- @entity19 skin. @entity23435 activity in the sensitized and challenged @entity30533 -/- @entity19 was about 11 times less than that in immunized @entity30533 +/+ @entity19 . Contact sensitization significantly increased in numbers of oxazolne-specific IgM-producing cells in @entity30533 +/+ @entity19 spleen, but not in @entity30533 -/- @entity19 spleen. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity59 -dependent activation of eosinophils and B-1 cells is necessary for induction and elicitation of CS. These findings provide a new insight into complicated mechanisms of CS elicitation and suggest a novel role of @entity59 in the regulation of immune responses.

title: XXXX plays an essential role in elicitation of contact sensitivity through dual effects on eosinophils and B-1 cells.

entities_list: @entity10312 :: ('MESH:D010081', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazolone']

entities_list: @entity23435 :: ('13861(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil peroxidase', 'Eosinophil peroxidase']

answer: @entity59 :: (16191(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Interleukin 5']


abstract: @entity2682 and @entity4481 are anticonvulsant agents that selectively interact with the alpha2delta subunit of voltage-dependent @entity460 channels. This report describes the activities of these two compounds in a @entity35 model of @entity282 . An incision of the plantaris muscle of a hind paw induced @entity1931 and @entity1931 lasting at least 3 days. Postoperative testing was carried out using the plantar test for @entity1931 and von Frey hairs for @entity1931 . A single s.c. dose of @entity2682 , 1 h before surgery, dose-dependently (3-30 mg/kg) blocked the development of @entity1931 and @entity1931 with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 10 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. The highest dose of @entity2682 prevented development of @entity1931 and @entity1931 for 24 and 49 h, respectively. Similar administration of @entity4481 also dose-dependently (3-30 mg/kg, s.c.) prevented development of @entity1931 and @entity1931 with MED of 3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The highest dose of @entity4481 completely blocked development of both nociceptive responses for 3 days. The administration of @entity4481 (30 mg/kg s.c.) 1 h after surgery also completely blocked the maintenance of @entity1931 and @entity1931 , but its duration of action was much shorter (3 h). The administration of @entity1286 (1-6 mg/kg s.c.) 0.5 h before surgery prevented the development of @entity1931 with a MED of 1 mg/kg. However, unlike @entity2682 and @entity4481 , it had little effect on the development of @entity1931 . It is suggested that @entity2682 and @entity4481 may be effective in the treatment of @entity282 .

title: Evaluation of @entity2682 and @entity4481 in a XXXX model of @entity282 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['thermal hyperalgesia', 'allodynia', 'hyperalgesia', 'tactile allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the value of frequent @entity41 ( @entity41 ) monitoring in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) as a robust marker of impending relapse, and whether treatment benefits @entity1 during the @entity41 -positive phase of their disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frequent @entity41 monitoring was performed in all @entity3052 treatment phases using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for fusion transcripts ( @entity17793 / @entity5400 ; @entity5316 / @entity10794 fusion transcripts of @entity11626 gene) and for the @entity3969 ( @entity8587 ) gene. A total of 2,664 samples, taken from 79 @entity3052 @entity1 and 6 healthy volunteers, were examined. Presence of fusion gene was detected in 25 of 79 examined @entity1 . RESULTS: Vast correlation was discovered for fusion transcripts as well as for the @entity8587 gene between levels in bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood, @entity2280 (+) BM cells, and @entity2280 (-) BM cells. @entity8587 expression, however, was usually positive for cases showing fusion transcripts negativity and in healthy volunteers. Moreover, no universal value of the @entity8587 expression could unequivocally discriminate between remission and relapse. Therefore, detection of molecular relapses relied on fusion transcripts only and was characterized by strong expression in @entity2280 (+) cells. Considering relapsed @entity1 , duration from molecular to @entity1503 was 8 to 79 days (median: 25.5 days). Twelve @entity1 were treated (chemotherapy, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, or immunomodulation after allogeneic transplantation) for 21 molecular relapses and 14 responses to treatment were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent quantitative monitoring of fusion transcripts is useful for reliably predicting @entity1503 in @entity3052 @entity1 . Treatment for molecular relapse of @entity3052 can be successful.

title: Detection and treatment of molecular relapse in @entity3052 with @entity5316 ( @entity5316 ), XXXX , or @entity11626 gene translocations: frequent quantitative monitoring of molecular markers in different compartments and correlation with @entity8587 gene expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological relapse']

answer: @entity17793 :: (865,Gene) :: ['CBFB']