abstract: Liver elasticity as assessed by real-time elastography (RTE) has been shown to be correlated to @entity1575 in various chronic @entity409 . The aim of our study was to assess the RTE performance in the evaluation of @entity1575 in @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ), as well as the histopathologic variables determining the eventual discordance between the RTE-predicted and the biopsy-proven @entity82 . Fifty-two consecutive biopsy proven @entity1561 @entity1 and 20 controls were studied. Liver tissue elasticity measurements were performed using the Hitachi EUB-8500 sonographer and the EUP-L52 Linear (3-7 MHz) probe. RTE liver @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) values were calculated and correlated to the histologic @entity82 , activity and @entity1560 scores. A decrease in @entity3145 was observed with increasing @entity82 (r  = -0.75). Similarly, @entity3145 varied together consistently with @entity1560 (r  = -0.3). In contrast, @entity3145 did not show any correlation with the severity of @entity32 . Multiple regression analysis showed that @entity82 was the only variable able to significantly (p < 0.0001) modify @entity3145 values. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity3145 measurement for F > 0 evaluated by AUC-ROC analysis was 0.86. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity3145 measurement for F >=  2 was 0.92. We suggest that RTE could be used as a complementary imaging method to evaluate @entity1575 in @entity1561 @entity1 . Future studies of larger @entity1 cohorts are necessary for the validation of the technique.

title: Liver elasticity in @entity1561 XXXX evaluated with real-time elastography (RTE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue mean elasticity', 'TME']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Thyroid microsomal antibodies (anti-M Ab) have been recently proven to be directed to @entity5787 ( @entity5787 ). Methods to detect anti- @entity5787 antibodies (anti- @entity5787 Ab) employing purified antigen have been developed, but the available information on the clinical usefulness of this technique is still limited to small @entity1 series. In the present investigation anti- @entity5787 Ab were assayed by a newly developed monoclonal antibody-assisted RIA in a large number (n = 715) of subjects, including 119 normal controls and 596 @entity1 with different autoimmune or @entity1374 : Anti- @entity5787 Ab were detected in 10 of 119 (8.4%; range, 11-210 U/mL) normal controls, 134 of 181 (74%; range, 11-74.000 U/mL) @entity1 with @entity2743 , all but 1 of 144 (99.3%; range, 11-90.000 U/mL) with @entity2621 (n - 98) or idiopathic @entity3568 (n = 46), 20 of 180 (11.1%; range, 11-6.700 U/mL) with miscellaneous @entity1374 , 16 of 83 (19.2%; range, 11-6.600 U/mL) @entity1 with differentiated @entity259 , and in none of 8 @entity1 with @entity4941 . The highest anti- @entity5787 Ab concentrations were found in untreated @entity1375 , but no simple relationship between anti- @entity5787 Ab levels and thyroid function was observed. Anti- @entity5787 Ab significantly decreased in @entity1 with @entity2743 after treatment with @entity3937 and in those with @entity1375 or idiopathic @entity3568 during L-T4 administration. A highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.979; P less than 0.001) was found between anti-M Ab titers by passive hemagglutination (PH; available in 650 sera) and the corresponding average anti- @entity5787 Ab by RIA; discrepant results were almost exclusively limited to sera with negative or low (1:100-1:400) anti-M Ab titers. Analysis of these discrepant data indicated higher autoimmune disease specificity and sensitivity of anti- @entity5787 Ab RIA tests compared to anti-M Ab by PH. Absorption studies showed that interference of anti-Tg Ab was responsible for anti-M Ab-positive tests in occasional anti- @entity5787 Ab-negative/anti-M Ab-positive sera from @entity1669 patients. Anti- @entity5787 Ab determination by RIA was unaffected by circulating thyroglobulin concentrations up to more than 10,000 ng/mL. In conclusion, anti- @entity5787 Ab assay by monoclonal antibody-assisted RIA appears to be more sensitive and specific for thyroid autoimmune diseases than anti-M Ab determination by PH. Since the assay is easy to perform and employs only tracer amounts of purified antigen, these characteristics should allow its rapid diffusion to the clinical routine.

title: Antithyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ["hypothyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['TPO', 'thyroid peroxidase']

entities_list: @entity4941 :: ('MESH:D013968', 'Disease') :: ['subacute thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['nonautoimmune thyroid disease', 'nonautoimmune thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity2 are at high risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), and @entity1211 predicts a poor prognosis. Anticoagulation therefore might be beneficial for these @entity1 . It is not clear whether anticoagulants could improve survival and other outcomes in @entity1 with @entity2 with no indication for anticoagulation. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for relevant studies. Two reviewers evaluated the studies and extracted data independently. The primary outcomes were 1-year survival and incidence of @entity1211 . Pooled risk ratios (RR) were calculated using control as a reference group and significance was determined by the Z test. RESULTS: Nine eligible studies with 2185 @entity1 were included. Anticoagulation showed significant improvement in survival at 1 year (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.32; p=0.004) and at 2 years (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.56; p=0.02), but not at 6 months. Subgroup analysis showed a survival benefit for @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and those with non-advanced/limited @entity5 . The incidence of @entity1211 (RR=0.55, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.97; p=0.04) and @entity1031 events (RR=0.48, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.82; p=0.008) was reduced with anticoagulation. Both @entity2067 antagonist (VKA) and subcutaneous heparin increased the risk of @entity548 , but heparin did not increase the incidence of major @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Anticoagulation showed a survival benefit, especially for those with @entity151 and prolonged life expectancy, and reduced the risk of @entity1211 in @entity2 @entity1 with no indication for anticoagulants. Subcutaneous heparin is superior to VKA because of a potentially smaller risk of major @entity548 .

title: Efficacy and safety of adjunctive anticoagulation in @entity1 with XXXX without indication for anticoagulants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Exercise-induced @entity120 (ePH) may represent an early, clinically relevant phase in the spectrum of @entity358 . The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the changes in hemodynamics and exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ) spectrum-associated ePH treated with open-label daily @entity15940 . METHODS: @entity1 were treated with @entity15940 , 5 mg or 10 mg once daily, for 24 weeks. At baseline and 24 weeks, @entity1 with @entity785 spectrum disorders exercised in a supine position, on a lower extremity cycle ergometer. All @entity1 had normal hemodynamics at rest. We defined baseline ePH as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of >30 mm Hg with maximum exercise and a transpulmonary gradient (TPG) of >15 mm Hg. The primary end point was change in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) with exercise. Secondary end points included an improvement from baseline in 6-minute walking distance, health-related quality of life assessments, and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. RESULTS: Of the 12 enrolled @entity1 , 11 completed the study. At 24 weeks there were improvements in mean exercise PVR (85.8 dynes   second/cm(5) ; P = 0.003) and mean distance covered during 6-minute walk (44.5 meters; P = 0.0007). Improvements were also observed in mean exercise cardiac output (1.4 liters/minute; P = 0.006), mean pulmonary artery pressure (-4.1 mm Hg; P = 0.02), and total pulmonary resistance (-93.0 dynes   seconds/cm(5) ; P = 0.0008). Three @entity1 developed resting @entity120 during the 24 weeks. CONCLUSION: Exercise hemodynamics and exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity785 spectrum-associated ePH improved over 24 weeks with exposure to @entity15940 . Placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm whether this is a drug-related effect and to determine optimal therapeutic regimens for @entity1 with ePH.

title: Brief report: effect of XXXX treatment on exercise-induced @entity120 in @entity785 : a prospective single-center, open-label pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity15940 :: ('MESH:C467894', 'Chemical') :: ['ambrisentan']

answer: @entity15940 :: (MESH:C467894,Chemical) :: ['ambrisentan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare trends in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in non-Indigenous @entity1 in north Queensland before and after the introduction of funded pneumococcal vaccines, and to examine the proportion of cases that occurred after vaccine roll-out that could be vaccine-preventable. DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : In 2005, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) for non-Indigenous @entity1 and a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) for non-Indigenous adults aged >=  65 years were made freely available. Trends in @entity3 in the non-Indigenous estimated resident population in north Queensland (about 581 850 in 2006) were compared between the 4 years before (2001-2004) and after (2006-2009) the vaccines were rolled out. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidences and serotypes of @entity3 in non-Indigenous @entity1 . RESULTS: After the introduction of the vaccines, there were significant declines for all ages in the average annual incidence of @entity3 (- 34%; P < 0.05) and 7vPCV serotype @entity3 (- 77%; P < 0.05). In @entity1 aged < 5 years, there was a 91% decline in the incidence of 7vPCV serotype @entity3 (P < 0.05); in adults aged 15-64 years and >=  65 years there were 62% and 77% declines, respectively, in 7vPCV and 23vPPV common-serotype @entity3 (P < 0.05). There was a 188% increase in 23vPPV-only serotype @entity3 in adults aged 15-64 years (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant change in adults aged >=  65 years. Serotype @entity5686 was the most frequently identified serotype in 2006-2009, causing 19% of all @entity3 in those 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: There is circumstantial evidence that 7vPCV has had a powerful indirect effect in preventing @entity3 in adults in north Queensland; 23vPPV may have had a direct effect in adults aged >=  65 years. It is likely that with combined direct and indirect effects, newer conjugate vaccines could prevent more @entity3 than could be prevented with the two current vaccines.

title: Invasive pneumococcal disease in non-Indigenous XXXX in north Queensland, 2001-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['IPD', 'invasive pneumococcal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: The Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing bacterial strain, @entity526 O157:H7, colonizes the distal small intestine and the colon, initiating @entity221 , including @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ), characterized by microangiopathic @entity5714 , @entity882 , and @entity810 . Although intravenous administration of purified Stx to primates has been able to reproduce the features of @entity1381 , it has not been conclusively established as to whether ingestion of Stx alone without the bacterium poses a potential health risk. To help answer this question, in this study, we fed Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) directly into the stomachs of @entity19 via gavage. Our data show that ingestion of Stx2 at a concentration of 50  g/ @entity19 induces @entity353 and kills the @entity19 at 3-5 days post-gavage. Additional studies revealed that the toxin retains activity at low pH, that its activity is neutralized by treatment with toxin-specific antibody, and that about 1% of the fed toxin is absorbed into the blood circulation. Lethality by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of Stx2 occurred at much lower doses than by ingestion. Detailed histopathological evaluation of stained tissues by light microscopy revealed severe histopathological changes in kidneys, spleen, and thymus but not in the pancreas, lymph nodes, heart, lungs, @entity825 , esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon. The pathological changes in the kidney appeared similar to those seen in @entity1 with @entity1381 . The cited data suggest that (a) most but not all of the toxin is inactivated in the digestive tract, (b) part of the oral-ingested toxin is absorbed from the digestive tract into the circulation, (c) enough active toxin reaches susceptible organs to induce damage, and (d) Stx2 in the absence of toxin-producing bacteria can be harmful to @entity19 . The results are clinically relevant for food safety because we also found that heat treatments (pasteurization) that destroy bacteria did not inactivate the heat-resistant toxin produced and secreted by the bacteria.

title: Ingested Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) causes histopathological changes in kidney, spleen, and thymus tissues and mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['serious illness']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity2689 encompassed several conditions, of which @entity2689 (absence of the entire sex chromosome X) is most common. It is a @entity2008 in which all or part of the sex chromosomes X is absent. Typical females have two X chromosomes, but in @entity2689 , one of those sex chromosomes is missing or presents abnormalities. @entity1 show a shield shaped thorax with thick and bulging chest, @entity0 and widely spaced nipples. The objective of this study was to characterize the breast abnormalities observed in Turnerian. @entity1 AND METHODS: We describe a prospective multicentric study (August 2007-March 2008) on 21 nullipar @entity1 , ranging from 16 to 35 years old. Six were monosomic and 14 were Turner mosaic (in this case the chromosome is missing in some cells but not others), 19 were treated with @entity172 and progestatives. This study was achieved through the use of clinical examinations including body, waist, hips (BWH) measurements and photography. The statistical method involved a descriptive analysis, linear correlation calculations and student test. RESULTS: The breast morphology appears to be quite closed to that of the general @entity1 population, but with average thorax volume more bulky mainly in the anteroposterior zone, and with more reduced breast volumes. No specific abnormalities in the chest development were observed. No differences in the hypotrophy, @entity1184 , and normal breast volume repartition were observed between monosomic and mosaic @entity1 . The self-satisfaction index on the breast look is quite low, @entity1 mainly complain about @entity0 . Nevertheless, these results are not representative of the whole turnerians, since this study address only to volunteer @entity1 and we cannot exclude possible distortions. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to common beliefs, we don't have observed any increase of the average of the internipple space; this observation is in good agreement with the most recent published literature works, which report only an apparent increase of this intermamelonary distance versus the thoracic width (in front view), probably caused to an optical distortion effect.

title: [Breast morphology in XXXX . A prospective multicentre clinical study about 21 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast hypotrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['monosomy X', "Turner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between @entity1 age and good functional outcome after @entity385 with special focus on young @entity1 who were numerically underrepresented in previous evaluations. METHODS: Of 43,163 @entity385 @entity1 prospectively enrolled in the @entity64 Unit Registry, 6,084 (14.1%) were  <=55 years old. Functional outcome was available in a representative subsample of 14,256 @entity1 free of @entity717 , 2,223 of whom were 55 years or younger. Herein we analyzed the effects of age on good functional outcome 3 months after @entity64 (modified Rankin Scale score  <=2). RESULTS: Good outcome was achieved in 88.2% (unadjusted probability) of young @entity64 @entity1 ( <=55 years). In multivariable analysis, age emerged as a significant predictor of outcome independent of @entity64 severity, etiology, performance of thrombolysis, sex, risk factors, and @entity64 complications. When the age stratum 56-65 years was used as a reference, odds ratios (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) of good outcome were 3.4 (1.9-6.4), 2.2 (1.6-3.2), and 1.5 (1.2-1.9) for @entity1 aged 18-35, 36-45, and 46-55 years and 0.70 (0.60-0.81), 0.32 (0.28-0.37), and 0.18 (0.14-0.22) for those aged 66-75, 76-85, and >85 years (p < 0.001). In absolute terms, the regression-adjusted probability of good outcome was highest in the age group 18-35 years and gradually declined by 3.1%-4.2% per decade until age 75 with a steep drop thereafter. Findings applied equally to sexes and @entity1 with and without IV thrombolysis or @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Age emerged as a highly significant inverse predictor of good functional outcome after @entity385 independent of @entity64 severity, characteristics, and complications with the age-outcome association exhibiting a nonlinear scale and extending to young @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Functional recovery after @entity385 --a matter of age: data from the XXXX Unit Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Austrian Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['prestroke disability']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Austrian Stroke']


abstract: Bone @entity446 is considered as a recapitulation of a developmental program initiated at the time of injury. This study tested the hypothesis that in delayed @entity79 the regular cascade of @entity446 events, including remodeling of @entity79 , would be similar compared to standard @entity446 , although the temporal onset would be delayed. A tibial osteotomy was performed in @entity742 and stabilized with a rotationally unstable fixator leading to @entity245 . The @entity742 were sacrificed at 2, 3, 6, 9 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. The temporal and spatial tissue distributions in the calluses and the bone microstructure were examined by histology. Although histological analysis demonstrated temporal and spatial callus tissue distribution differences, @entity245 exhibited the same characteristic stages as those seen during uneventful standard @entity446 . The @entity245 process was characterized by a prolonged presence of @entity1410 , a different spatial distribution of new bone and delayed and prolonged endochondral bone formation. A change in the spatial distribution of callus formation was seen by week 6 leading to bone formation and resorption of the cortical bone fragments, dependent on the degree to which the cortical bone fragments were dislocated. At 6 months, only 5 out of 8 animals showed complete bony bridging with a continuous periosteum, although lamellar bone and newly formed woven bone were present in the other 3 animals. This study demonstrates that during delayed @entity79 all stages of the @entity446 cascade likely take place, even if bony consolidation does not occur. Furthermore, the @entity446 outcome might be related to the periosteum's regenerative capacity leading to bony union or absence of bony bridging.

title: Standard @entity79 stages occur during delayed XXXX , albeit with a different temporal onset and spatial distribution of callus tissues.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing', 'woven to lamellar bone']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone healing']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5132 is a leading @entity1 fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening @entity281 . A key regulator of @entity5132 stress response, drug resistance, morphogenesis, and virulence is the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Targeting Hsp90 provides a powerful strategy to treat @entity364 , however, the therapeutic utility of current inhibitors is compromised by @entity137 due to inhibition of host Hsp90. To identify components of the Hsp90-dependent circuitry governing virulence and drug resistance that are sufficiently divergent for selective targeting in the pathogen, we pioneered chemical genomic profiling of the Hsp90 genetic network in @entity5132 . Here, we screen mutant collections covering ~10% of the genome for @entity56 to Hsp90 inhibition in multiple environmental conditions. We identify 158 HSP90 chemical genetic interactors, most of which are important for growth only in specific environments. We discovered that the @entity5068 C-22 desaturase gene ERG5 and the @entity4357 -4-kinase (PI4K) gene STT4 are HSP90 genetic interactors under multiple conditions, suggesting a function upstream of Hsp90. By systematic analysis of the @entity12364 biosynthetic cascade, we demonstrate that defects in @entity12364 biosynthesis induce cellular stress that overwhelms Hsp90's functional capacity. By analysis of the @entity4357 pathway, we demonstrate that there is a genetic interaction between the PI4K Stt4 and Hsp90. We also establish that Stt4 is required for normal actin polarization through regulation of Wal1, and suggest a model in which defects in actin remodeling induces stress that creates a cellular demand for Hsp90 that exceeds its functional capacity. Consistent with this model, actin inhibitors are synergistic with Hsp90 inhibitors. We highlight new connections between Hsp90 and virulence traits, demonstrating that Erg5 and Stt4 enable activation of macrophage pyroptosis. This work uncovers novel circuitry regulating Hsp90 functional capacity and new effectors governing drug resistance, morphogenesis and virulence, revealing new targets for antifungal drug development.

title: Mapping the Hsp90 Genetic Network Reveals @entity12364 Biosynthesis and XXXX -4-Kinase Signaling as Core Circuitry Governing Cellular Stress.

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['Phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High blood pressure, in relation to blood levels of adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, is highly associated with an unhealthy lifestyle including @entity146 , poor dietary habits such as excess @entity1372 intake, and heavy drinking. Strategies to reduce blood pressure may benefit the levels of adipokines. OBJECTIVE: Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of lifestyle intervention on blood pressure and serum adipokines in middle-aged Korean @entity1 with @entity101 (systolic blood pressure [SBP] >=  130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] >=  85 mm Hg). METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 (aged 42.5    8.5 years) with normal weight (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m(2)) and high BP (NH group) and 40 @entity1 (age 42.0    8.4 years) who were @entity28 (BMI >=  25 kg/m(2)) with high BP ( @entity2145 group) underwent 5 sessions of one-on-one intensive counseling including instruction on a nutritionally balanced diet, a low- @entity1372 diet, how to understand calorie requirements, and strategies to implement regular exercise for blood pressure regulation over 12 weeks. In order to increase the awareness of @entity1372 education, a salt sensory test using an unseasoned soup was performed. Anthropometrics, blood pressure measurements, 24-hour recalls were performed, and blood levels of lipids, fasting plasma @entity413 , @entity1851 (CRP), leptin, and adiponectin were analyzed at week 0 and at week 12. @entity1372 consumption was roughly estimated using the Dish-based Frequency Questionnaire-15. RESULTS: Weight, BMI, body fat (kg and %), waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure were significantly decreased after 12 weeks (p < 0.05) in all subjects. Similarly, total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), and CRP were decreased (p < 0.05), but LDL-C/HDL-C was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) only in the @entity28 subjects. At baseline, blood levels of leptin were significantly higher in the @entity28 subjects than in the normal weight subjects. In the @entity28 subjects, a significantly negative correlation was found between leptin levels at baseline and percentage change in DBP (r = -0.338, p < 0.05). After 12 weeks, blood levels of adipokines did not show significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a short-term (12 weeks) lifestyle intervention had positive effects on blood pressure control and weight reduction in the subjects, but not on their blood levels of adipokines. It is interesting that blood level of baseline leptin was negatively associated with the changes in blood pressure after this short-term intervention.

title: Effects of a 12-week lifestyle intervention on health outcome and serum adipokines in middle-aged Korean XXXX with @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['borderline high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sedentary behaviors']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Many higher plants are polysomatic whereby different cells possess variable amounts of nuclear DNA. The conditional triggering of endocycles results in higher nuclear DNA content (C value) that in some cases has been correlated to increased cell size. While numerous multicolored fluorescent protein (FP) probes have revealed the general behavior of the nucleus and intranuclear components, direct visualization and estimation of changes in nuclear-DNA content in live cells during their development has not been possible. Recently, monomeric Eos fluorescent protein (mEosFP) has emerged as a useful photoconvertible protein whose color changes irreversibly from a green to a red fluorescent form upon exposure to violet-blue light. The stability and irreversibility of red fluorescent mEosFP suggests that detection of green color recovery would be possible as fresh mEosFP is produced after photoconversion. Thus a ratiometric evaluation of the red and green forms of mEosFP following photoconversion could be used to estimate production of a core histone such as @entity15348 during its concomitant synthesis with DNA in the synthesis phase of the cell cycle. Here we present proof of concept observations on transgenic @entity286 ( @entity286 ) Bright Yellow 2 cells and @entity958 ( @entity958 ) plants stably expressing @entity15348 ::mEosFP. In @entity958 seedlings an increase in green fluorescence is observed specifically in cells known to undergo endoreduplication. The detection of changes in nuclear DNA content by correlating color recovery of @entity15348 ::mEosFP after photoconversion is a novel approach involving a single FP. The method has potential for facilitating detailed investigations on conditions that favor increased cell size and the development of polysomaty in plants.

title: Color recovery after photoconversion of XXXX ::mEosFP allows detection of increased nuclear DNA content in developing plant cells.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum', 'tobacco']

answer: @entity15348 :: (823741(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['H2B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Substantial recent research examines the efficacy of many types of complementary and alternative (CAM) therapies. However, outcomes associated with the "real-world" use of CAM has been largely overlooked, despite calls for CAM therapies to be studied in the manner in which they are practiced. Americans seek CAM treatments far more often for chronic @entity4512 (CMP) than for any other condition. Among CAM treatments for CMP, acupuncture and chiropractic ( @entity6407 ) care are among those with the highest acceptance by physician groups and the best evidence to support their use. Further, recent alarming increases in delivery of opioid treatment and surgical interventions for @entity1118 --despite their high costs, potential adverse effects, and modest efficacy--suggests the need to evaluate real world outcomes associated with promising non-pharmacological/non-surgical CAM treatments for CMP, which are often well accepted by @entity1 and increasingly used in the community. METHODS/DESIGN: This multi-phase, mixed methods study will: (1) conduct a retrospective study using information from electronic medical records (EMRs) of a large HMO to identify unique clusters of @entity1 with CMP (e.g., those with differing demographics, histories of @entity158 condition, use of allopathic and CAM health services, and comorbidity profiles) that may be associated with different propensities for A/C utilization and/or differential outcomes associated with such care; (2) use qualitative interviews to explore allopathic providers' recommendations for A/C and @entity1 ' decisions to pursue and retain CAM care; and (3) prospectively evaluate health services/costs and broader clinical and functional outcomes associated with the receipt of A/C relative to carefully matched comparison @entity1 receiving traditional CMP services. Sensitivity analyses will compare methods relying solely on EMR-derived data versus analyses supplementing EMR data with conventionally collected @entity1 and clinician data. DISCUSSION: Successful completion of these aggregate aims will provide an evaluation of outcomes associated with the real-world use of A/C services. The trio of retrospective, qualitative, and prospective study will also provide a clearer understanding of the decision-making processes behind the use of A/C for CMP and a transportable methodology that can be applied to other health care settings, CAM treatments, and clinical populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01345409.

title: Acupuncture and chiropractic care for XXXX in an integrated health plan: a mixed methods study.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6407 :: ('c|SUB|A||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A/C']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While many studies of adults with solvent exposure have shown increased risks of @entity148 and @entity308 , there is little information on the impact of prenatal and early childhood exposure on the subsequent risk of @entity1032 . This retrospective cohort study examined whether early life exposure to @entity3321 ( @entity11240 )-contaminated drinking water influenced the occurrence of @entity308 , @entity162 , @entity1005 , and @entity161 among adults from Cape Cod, Massachusetts. METHODS: A total of 1,512 subjects born between 1969 and 1983 were studied, including 831 subjects with both prenatal and early childhood @entity11240 exposure and 547 unexposed subjects. @entity1 completed questionnaires to gather information on mental illnesses, demographic and medical characteristics, other sources of solvent exposure, and residences from birth through 1990. @entity11240 exposure originating from the @entity3324 -liner of water distribution pipes was assessed using water distribution system modeling software that incorporated a leaching and transport algorithm. RESULTS: No meaningful increases in risk ratios (RR) for @entity308 were observed among subjects with prenatal and early childhood exposure (RR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9-1.4). However, subjects with prenatal and early childhood exposure had a 1.8-fold increased risk of @entity162 (N = 36 exposed cases, 95% CI: 0.9-1.4), a 1.5-fold increased risk @entity1005 (N = 47 exposed cases, 95% CI: 0.9-2.5), and a 2.1-fold increased risk of @entity161 (N = 3 exposed cases, 95% CI: 0.2-20.0). Further increases in the risk ratio were observed for @entity162 (N = 18 exposed cases, RR; 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3-5.6) and @entity1005 (N = 18 exposed cases, RR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9-3.2) among subjects with the highest exposure levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide evidence against an impact of early life exposure to @entity11240 on the risk of @entity308 . In contrast, the results provide support for an impact of early life exposure on the risk of @entity162 and @entity1005 . The number of @entity161 cases was too small to draw reliable conclusions. These findings should be confirmed in investigations of other similarly exposed populations.

title: Occurrence of @entity1032 following prenatal and early childhood exposure to XXXX ( @entity11240 )-contaminated drinking water: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity3321 :: ('MESH:D013750', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrachloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity3321 :: (MESH:D013750,Chemical) :: ['tetrachloroethylene']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess baseline reproducibility and compare performance of dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging versus DCE computed tomographic (CT) measures of early vascular response in the same @entity1 treated with @entity19977 (30 or 45 mg daily). MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval, written informed consent was obtained from 29 @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 who had lesions 3 cm or larger and in whom simultaneous imaging of an adjacent artery was possible. Two baseline DCE MR acquisitions and two baseline DCE CT acquisitions 7 days or fewer apart (within 14 days of starting treatment) and two posttreatment acquisitions with each modality at day 7 and 28 (  3 days) were obtained. Nonmodeled and modeled parameters were derived (measured arterial input function [AIF] for CT, population-based AIF for MR imaging; temporal sampling rate of 0.5 second for CT, 3-6 seconds for MR imaging). Baseline variability was assessed by using intra- and intersubject analysis of variance and Bland-Altman analysis; a paired t test assessed change from baseline to after treatment. RESULTS: The most reproducible parameters were DCE MR imaging enhancement fraction (baseline intrapatient coefficient of variation [CV]=8.6%), volume transfer constant (CV=13.9%), and integrated area under the contrast agent uptake curve at 60 seconds (CV=15.5%) and DCE CT positive enhancement integral (CV=16.0%). Blood plasma volume was highly variable and the only parameter with CV greater than 30%. Average reductions (percentage change) from baseline were consistently observed for all DCE MR imaging and DCE CT parameters at day 7 and 28 for both starting-dose groups (45 and 30 mg), except for DCE CT mean transit time. Percentage change from baseline for parameters reflecting blood flow and permeability were comparable, and reductions from baseline at day 7 were maintained at day 28. CONCLUSION: DCE MR imaging and DCE CT can depict vascular response to antiangiogenic agents with response evident at day 7. Improved reproducibility with MR imaging favors its use in trials with small @entity1 numbers.

title: @entity5 treated with XXXX : comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and CT as markers of vascular activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity19977 :: ('MESH:C500926', 'Chemical') :: ['cediranib']

answer: @entity19977 :: (MESH:C500926,Chemical) :: ['cediranib']


abstract: Intrathymic (i.t.) @entity16799 virus into C57BL/6 @entity19 induces a population of preleukemic (PL) cells that can progress into mature thymic @entity706 upon transfer into syngeneic recipients. A minimum of 10(3) PL thymic cells are required to induce @entity706 in the recipient. Most of the individual @entity706 developed in @entity19 which were inoculated with cells of a single PL thymus, derived from different T-cell precursors. PL thymic cells could be grown in vitro on a feeder layer consisting of splenic stromal cells. Growth medium was supplemented with supernatant harvested from an @entity16799 virus-induced @entity706 cell line (SR4). The in vitro-grown PL cells were characterized as Thy-1+, CD4+, CD8- T-cells, most of which expressed @entity16799 antigens. Cultured PL cells were found to be nontumorigenic, based on their inability to form s.c. @entity5 . However, these cells could develop into thymic @entity706 if inoculated i.t. into syngeneic recipients. A culture of PL cells, maintained for 2 mo, showed clonal T-cell receptor arrangement. @entity706 which developed in several recipient @entity19 upon injection with these PL cells were found to possess the same T-cell receptor arrangement. These results indicate that PL cells can be adapted for in vitro growth while maintaining their preleukemic character.

title: Quantitation, in vitro propagation, and characterization of preleukemic cells induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16799 :: ('MESH:D007953', 'Disease') :: ['radiation leukemia virus', 'inoculation of radiation leukemia', 'established radiation leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

answer: @entity16799 :: (MESH:D007953,Disease) :: ['radiation leukemia virus']


abstract: @entity29835 ( @entity29836 ) was found to have antitumour activities through topoisomerase inhibition. However, the type of cell death induced in the @entity5 cells treated with @entity29836 was not elucidated. In this study, @entity29836 and @entity9800 were isolated from Nothapodytes foetida distributed in Hubei Province, China and identified by NMR spectroscopy. @entity29836 was tested by the @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay using @entity9800 as reference. @entity10440 - @entity2823 / @entity2667 double staining and real-time PCR were also performed. The IC50 value was (0.385 +/- 0.08) microM. The apoptosis rates increased from 9.5% to 17.27%, 30.14%, and 66.46% with an increase in @entity29836 concentrations from 0, 0.19, 0.38, to 0.95 microM, respectively. The ratio of @entity1380 / @entity1379 also increased from 1 to 1.61, 2.43, and 4.57, respectively. @entity1380 and @entity1379 are crucial to the mitochondria pathway. The results indicate that the mitochondria pathway may be involed in @entity29836 -induced @entity19 @entity242 S180 apoptosis.

title: XXXX from Nothapodytes foetida induces apoptosis in @entity19 @entity242 S180 cells.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity29835 :: ('MESH:C025724', 'Chemical') :: ['9-Methoxycamptothecin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

answer: @entity29835 :: (MESH:C025724,Chemical) :: ['9-methoxycamptothecin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of transabdominal ultrasound (US), including contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), in predicting the response to cytapheresis therapy in @entity1 with @entity134 -refractory or -dependent @entity31 ( @entity31 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and June 2008, 26 consecutive @entity1 with @entity134 -refractory or -dependent @entity31 were treated with granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GCAP) or leukocytapheresis (LCAP) at our institute. The clinical activity of @entity31 was evaluated by @entity1 ' @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels and clinical activity index (CAI) scores. All @entity1 were evaluated by grey-scale US, power Doppler US (PDUS), and CEUS. In CEUS, the color signal patterns were classified as 1 of 2 patterns. In pattern 1, color signals were partially detected in the bowel wall (excluding muscularis propria, the outer thin layer of the bowel wall), whereas in pattern 2, color signals were detected in the entire bowel wall (excluding muscularis propria). Differences between remission or clinical response (group R) and no response (group N) were ascertained for clinical features, clinical activities, and US findings. RESULTS: Differences between the two groups were not considered significant for the clinical features, clinical activities, and grey-scale US and PDUS findings. Using CEUS, 4 @entity1 in group R showed pattern 2 (21%), while in group N, all @entity1 showed this pattern, indicating a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: CEUS findings may be helpful in predicting the clinical response to cytapheresis for @entity134 -refractory or -dependent @entity31 .

title: Predicting the clinical response to cytapheresis in @entity134 -refractory or -dependent XXXX using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: 1. The aim of this work was to discover the steps at which the conversion of @entity5911 to @entity3776 during gluconeogenesis is regulated in the cotyledons of 5-day-old seedlings of @entity22367 . 2. We estimated the maximum catalytic activities of all the enzymes in the above sequence and also the amounts of their substrates present in vivo. The results show that the reactions catalysed by @entity948 -1,6-bisphosphatase and @entity7954 carboxykinase are the only ones in the sequence that are substantially displaced from equilibrium in vivo. 3. We also determined the effects of @entity34085 , an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis, on the amounts of the gluconeogenic intermediates present in vivo. The results show that the enzyme system, @entity948 -1,6-bisphosphatase: phosphofructokinase, and the system @entity7954 carboxykinase: @entity7954 carboxylase make major contributions to the regulation of gluconeogenesis in the cotyledons. 4. Possible mechanisms for the above regulation are discussed.

title: Identification of the regulatory steps in gluconeogenesis in cotyledons of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity34085 :: ('MESH:C008363', 'Chemical') :: ['3-mercaptopicolinic acid']

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity22367 :: ('3663', 'Species') :: ['Cucurbita pepo']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity5911 :: ('MESH:D062907', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaloacetate']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity22367 :: (3663,Species) :: ['Cucurbita pepo']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze discordant and concordant screening-detected @entity0 in a nationwide population-based screening program by using independent double reading with consensus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is a part of the evaluation of the Norwegian @entity0 Screening Program and is covered by the Cancer Registry regulation. Analyses were based on prospective initial interpretation scores of 1 033 870 screenings that included 5611 @entity0 . A five-point scale for probability of @entity5 was used in the initial interpretation. Screening mammograms with a score of 2 or higher by either radiologist were discussed at consensus meetings where the decision whether to recall was made. A score of 1 by one reader and 2 or higher by the other was defined as a discordant interpretation and discordant @entity5 , whereas a score of 2 or higher by both readers was defined as a concordant recall and @entity5 . RESULTS: Discordant interpretation was present in 5.3% (54 447 of 1 033 870) of the screenings, whereas 2.1% (21 928 of 1 033 870) were concordant positive interpretations. Of the screening-detected @entity5 , 23.6% (1326 of 5611) were diagnosed in @entity1 who were recalled because of screenings with discordant interpretation. One hundred seventeen interval @entity0 were diagnosed among the 40 312 screenings that were dismissed at consensus; these were 6.5% of all interval @entity5 . A significantly higher proportion of microcalcifications alone was present in discordant @entity5 (24.9% [304 of 1219]) compared with concordant @entity5 (17.7% [704 of 3972]) (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Independent double reading with consensus at mammography screening has the potential to increase the @entity5 detection rate compared with single reading. Mammograms with microcalcifications alone are significantly more common among discordant @entity5 .

title: Screening-detected XXXX : discordant independent double reading in a population-based screening program.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The paucity of long-term oncologic results published in the literature still prevents the scientific community from cementing the place of laparoscopy as the procedure of choice for managing @entity1204 . We present the outcomes of consecutive @entity1 with @entity1204 managed laparoscopically with >3-year follow-up. METHODS: Data from 117 consecutive @entity1 undergoing surgery for treatment of a clinical @entity1204 and who achieved at least 3-year follow-up were prospectively analyzed. These cases were compared with a historical cohort of 122 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1204 who had undergone surgery through laparotomy. RESULTS: The laparoscopy and laparotomy groups were similar with regard to baseline @entity1 characteristics, surgical stage, proportion of @entity5 with unfavorable histology and high grade, as well as patterns of adjuvant therapy. The median (range) follow-up of surviving @entity1 was 52 (36-84) months in the laparoscopic cohort and 80 (36-151) months in the laparotomy cohort. @entity1 who underwent laparoscopy and those who underwent laparotomy had similar 3-year recurrence-free survival rates (91.4% vs. 88.5%, P = 0.52), as well as similar 3-year overall survival rates (94.0% vs. 93.4%, P = 1.0). Multivariate analysis showed that advanced surgical stage, unfavorable histology, and @entity1 age >65 years significantly affect survival, regardless of the surgical approach used. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer control in @entity1 with @entity1204 does not appear to be worsened by laparoscopic surgery. In the absence of level I evidence to establish long-term recurrence and survival equivalence, analysis of series as they mature is crucial to fully evaluate disease control afforded by laparoscopy.

title: Laparoscopic versus open surgery for XXXX : a minimum 3-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'stage I endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: A Phase II trial of @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) was performed in 33 @entity1 with advanced @entity2 , including 15 @entity1 with inoperable Stage III non-small-cell (NSCLC) and 18 @entity1 with relapsed small-cell ( @entity4153 ) @entity2 . Initial dosage was 320 mg/m2 infused over 24 h; in the absence of hematologic @entity137 , subsequent doses were escalated to 400 mg/m2. @entity1 received a median of two cycles (range 1-13 for NSCLC and 1-5 for @entity4153 ) of therapy. There were no complete or partial responses among the NSCLC @entity1 . Among the @entity4153 @entity1 , two had a partial response. In vitro analysis of the @entity137 of @entity3003 and its parent compound @entity900 by two different methods for 20 NSCLC cell lines suggested that equivalent @entity5 cell kill is achieved by the two compounds, but this occurs at a log lower concentration of @entity900 than of @entity3003 . The in vitro @entity137 against NSCLC of @entity3003 at a concentration predicted to be in the range produced by the dose employed in this Phase II study correlated well with the resulting very modest in vivo benefit. In vitro, a continuous dose-response relationship exists for @entity3003 , suggesting that if higher doses could be administered safely to @entity1 , greater clinical benefit might occur. We conclude that single agent @entity3003 in the dosage and schedule administered has less than 20% activity (95% confidence intervals 0-19%) in NSCLC and an 11% response rate in @entity4153 (95% confidence intervals 2-34%). Despite this outcome, in vitro data in @entity1 NSCLC cell lines suggest higher dosages should perhaps be evaluated before discounting a role for @entity3003 in the management of NSCLC.

title: A phase II trial of XXXX ( @entity3003 ) in small-cell and non-small-cell @entity2 with correlation to in vitro analysis of @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['CBDCA', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if deterioration in renal function could be ameliorated by adding @entity786 to corticosteroid therapy in @entity1 with progressive @entity8157 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled treatment trial. @entity1 were followed for a mean of 29.2 +/- 17.1 months. SETTING: Collaborative network of 120 university and private-practice nephrologists. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity8157 whose renal function deteriorated (as evidenced by doubling of the serum @entity1011 level, a 50% fall in the glomerular filtration rate, or a sustained serum @entity1011 level of greater than 2.0 mg/dL [reciprocal @entity1011 value, 0.5], or whose @entity1985 range @entity644 persisted in association with morbid complications. Of 156 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity8157 , 36 became eligible for randomization. Twenty-six of these 36 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive one of the two treatments. INTERVENTIONS: Pulse @entity1667 , oral @entity288 , and 6 months of intravenous @entity786 or alternate-day corticosteroid therapy alone. MAIN RESULTS: At entry, no statistical differences were found between the treatment groups in duration of @entity8 , age, gender, serum @entity1011 level, 24-hour urine protein excretion, or biopsy stage. The groups showed no difference in mean arterial blood pressure during follow-up. Four of the 13 @entity1 receiving @entity288 alone and 4 of the 13 @entity1 receiving @entity288 plus intravenous @entity786 progressed to @entity454 during follow-up. Reciprocal @entity1011 values tested at 6-month intervals showed no statistical differences between treatment groups at any time point. The log of the 24-hour protein excretion values showed no statistical differences between treatment groups after treatment. The power to detect a substantial improvement in renal function, defined as a doubling of the reciprocal of the serum @entity1011 , at the 0.05 significance level was 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with intravenous @entity786 and @entity288 , when compared with @entity228 therapy alone, does not improve renal function in @entity1 with progressive @entity8157 .

title: Treatment of progressive @entity8157 . A randomized trial comparing @entity786 and @entity288 with @entity288 alone. The XXXX Collaborative Network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity8157 :: ('MESH:D015433', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulopathy']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Glomerular Disease']


abstract: @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is one of the most important @entity5 worldwide. Cytokines may contribute to the clinical and histopathological alterations of the disease, while @entity1759 , the lymphocyte homing receptor, is a putative determinant of @entity706 . To assess their value in @entity1893 , the levels of @entity310 , @entity1199 and sCD44 were measured in @entity1 with different stages of @entity1893 and the relation between these levels and @entity5 burden, presence of B symptoms and other prognostic criteria of the disease was evaluated. Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity1893 before administration of treatment as well as 20 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Clinical and laboratory assessment was done for the studied @entity1 and the levels of @entity310 , @entity1199 and sCD44 were estimated by enzyme immunoassay. Laboratory assessment included measurement of Creactive protein (CRP), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin. LDH and CRP levels were more significantly higher, while albumin level was significantly lower among @entity1 with stage IV as compared to that of @entity1 with stages I/II or III. The levels of @entity310 , @entity1199 and sCD44 were significantly higher in @entity1893 @entity1 than in controls. The levels of both @entity310 and @entity1199 were positively correlated with LDH and CRP and negatively correlated with albumin. However, @entity310 , but not @entity1199 , was negatively correlated with hemoglobin (HB). The level of sCD44 was negatively correlated with both albumin and HB and positively correlated with CRP. There were significant positive correlation between the levels of @entity310 , @entity1199 and sCD44. There was a significant association between the levels of both @entity310 and sCD44 and the presence of B symptoms. In conclusion, the occurrence of B symptoms in @entity1893 may be attributed, at least in part, to high level of @entity310 . The increased levels of @entity310 @entity1199 and sCD44 are associated with high @entity5 burden and poor prognostic criteria and it is suggest that they can be used as prognostic markers in @entity1893 .

title: Evaluation of some biochemical markers as prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma dissemination']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'Non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: Abstract Enzyme kinetic parameters provide essential quantitative information about characterization of individual steps in drug metabolism. Such enzymes are located in a (partially) aqueous environment. For in vitro measurements potential lipophilic substrates regularly require organic solvents to achieve concentrations sufficient for access of the drug to the binding site of the enzyme. However, solvents may interact with the enzymes. In this study, we investigated the effects of @entity1042 , @entity1068 , @entity1626 and @entity3733 (1% to 4%) on the assessment of km, Vmax and Clint for the metabolism of @entity1363 via @entity5322 to @entity30532 and the metabolism of @entity5834 to @entity8223 via @entity4914 using expressed enzymes in vitro. The presence of @entity1626 proved the highest apparent Vmax value for @entity8223 formation but the lowest values for @entity30532 formation. The km value for @entity1363 showed no systematic effects of organic solvents, while for @entity5834 km was up to 8-fold lower for solvent free samples compared to solvent containing samples. The present example suggests that effects of solvents may considerably influence enzyme kinetic parameters beyond a mere change in apparent activity. These effects illustrate a difference for individual enzyme--substrate pairs, solvents, and solvent concentrations. What remains is the determination to which extent these effects compromise in vitro-in vivo extrapolations, and which solvents are most appropriate.

title: The effect of organic solvents on enzyme kinetic parameters of human @entity5322 and XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity8223 :: ('MESH:C021183', 'Chemical') :: ['paraxanthine']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity30532 :: ('MESH:C040081', 'Chemical') :: ['1-hydroxymidazolam']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity4914 :: (1544,Gene) :: ['CYP1A2']


abstract: A @entity1 in vivo toxicokinetic model was built to allow a better understanding of the toxicokinetics of folpet fungicide and its key ring biomarkers of exposure: @entity27046 (PI), @entity27047 ( @entity3880 ) and @entity5244 (PA). Both PI and the sum of ring metabolites, expressed as PA equivalents (PAeq), may be used as biomarkers of exposure. The conceptual representation of the model was based on the analysis of the time course of these biomarkers in volunteers orally and dermally exposed to folpet. In the model, compartments were also used to represent the body burden of folpet and experimentally relevant PI, @entity3880 and PA ring metabolites in blood and in key tissues as well as in excreta, hence urinary and feces. The time evolution of these biomarkers in each compartment of the model was then mathematically described by a system of coupled differential equations. The mathematical parameters of the model were then determined from best fits to the time courses of PI and PAeq in blood and urine of five volunteers administered orally 1 mg kg(-1) and dermally 10 mg kg(-1) of folpet. In the case of oral administration, the mean elimination half-life of PI from blood (through feces, urine or metabolism) was found to be 39.9 h as compared with 28.0 h for PAeq. In the case of a dermal application, mean elimination half-life of PI and PAeq was estimated to be 34.3 and 29.3 h, respectively. The average final fractions of administered dose recovered in urine as PI over the 0-96 h period were 0.030 and 0.002%, for oral and dermal exposure, respectively. Corresponding values for PAeq were 24.5 and 1.83%, respectively. Finally, the average clearance rate of PI from blood calculated from the oral and dermal data was 0.09    0.03 and 0.13    0.05 ml h(-1) while the volume of distribution was 4.30    1.12 and 6.05    2.22 l, respectively. It was not possible to obtain the corresponding values from PAeq data owing to the lack of blood time course data.

title: Toxicokinetic modeling of folpet fungicide and its ring-biomarkers of exposure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27047 :: ('CHEBI:50736', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalamic acid']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalic acid']

entities_list: @entity27046 :: ('MESH:C037431', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalimide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the survival between @entity1 with synchronous and metachronous @entity14 after hepatectomy with new generation of peri-operative chemotherapy. METHODS: From October 2002 to January 2008, @entity1 receiving hepatectomy for synchronous or metachronous @entity14 were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 (synchronous group=35, metachronous group=20) underwent hepatectomy for @entity14 . Besides younger age with male predominance, @entity1 in the synchronous group had @entity5 multinodularity and bilobe liver involvement. They had received less hepatic curative hepatectomy (81.1% vs. 100%) with a higher rate of peri-operative chemotherapy (91.4% vs. 50%) and postoperative morbidity (25.7% vs. 0%). However both groups had no statistical significant difference in median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease free survival (DFS). Inferior @entity1349 and DFS were observed in the synchronous group for @entity1 who had no peri-operative chemotherapy or those showing poor response to chemotherapy. The most favourable @entity1349 is observed in both groups after performing globally curative hepatectomy. CONCLUSION: Synchronous @entity14 is not a poor prognostic factor for survival when compared with the metachronous metastasis. Globally curative hepatectomy in combination of new generation of chemotherapy is recommended for the management of resectable @entity14 .

title: A preliminary analysis of combined liver resection with new chemotherapy for synchronous and metachronous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['more tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the associations of @entity227 and major age-related @entity2194 with cognitive function in an older Asian population. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study of 1179 @entity1 aged 60 to 80 years from the Singapore Malay Eye study was conducted. Visual acuity was measured using the logMAR vision chart. @entity231 and age-related @entity1020 were graded using the Wisconsin @entity231 Grading System and the Wisconsin Age-Related @entity1020 Grading System, respectively. @entity726 was diagnosed using the International Society Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria. @entity6 was graded using the modified Airlie House classification system. @entity73 was defined as a locally validated Abbreviated Mental Test using education-based cutoff scores. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, education level, income, and type of housing, @entity1 with @entity227 before refractive correction (odds ratio [OR]=2.59; 95% CI, 1.89-3.56) or after refractive correction (OR=1.96; 95% CI, 1.27-3.02) and those with @entity227 due to @entity231 (OR=2.75; 95% CI, 1.35-5.63) were more likely to have @entity73 . Only moderate to severe @entity6 was independently associated with @entity73 (OR=5.57; 95% CI, 1.56-19.91) after controlling for concurrent age-related @entity2194 . No significant independent associations were observed between @entity231 , age-related @entity1020 , or @entity726 and @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity1 with @entity227 , particularly those with @entity227 due to @entity231 , were more likely to have @entity73 . Furthermore, among the major age-related @entity2194 , only @entity6 was associated with @entity73 .

title: XXXX , age-related @entity2194 , and cognitive function: the Singapore Malay Eye study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction', 'Cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Maculopathy', 'macular degeneration']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual impairment']


abstract: @entity1 plasma very low density apolipoproteins C-I, C-II and C-III were recombined in vitro with @entity18050 . The lipid-protein complexes were analyzed by ultracentrifugal flotation, agarose gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and electron microscopy. Maximal protein/ @entity18050 ratios for apoprotein C-I, C-II, C-III-1 and C-III-2 were 50, 45, 95 and 55 microgram/mg, respectively. Electron micrographs exhibited spherical particles with diameters ranging from 200--2000 A comparable to native VLDL and chylomicrons. On agarose gel electrophoresis these complexes showed alpha-mobility. Kinetics of @entity18050 hydrolysis by purified @entity1 plasma @entity5523 were studied using these artificial lipoprotein substrates with different apoprotein/ @entity18050 ratios. The reaction followed the Michaelis-Menten equation. With increasing amounts of apo C-II, the apparent Km decreased from 0.60 to 0.11 mM. Incubation of the substrate with either rabbit anti-apo C-II gamma-globulins or digestion with trypsin prior to hydrolysis reversed this lowering effect on apparent Km. V was not altered significantly. Increasing amounts of apo C-I, apo C-III-1 or apo C-III-2 without apo C-II caused inhibition of @entity18050 hydrolysis. In the presence of apo C-II, however, similar kinetic parameters were obtained as described above.

title: Activation and inhibition of XXXX . Studies with artificial lipoproteins.

entities_list: @entity5523 :: ('4023', 'Gene') :: ['lipoprotein lipase']

answer: @entity5523 :: (4023,Gene) :: ['lipoprotein lipase']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early influence of traction on blood supply to the femur head after @entity2249 using digital subtraction angiography (DSA). DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: University Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Nine @entity1 who sustained a unilateral @entity2249 underwent selective femoral artery DSA within 2-23 days after their injury. INTERVENTION: DSA of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral artery was performed for all 9 fractured hips before traction. Repeat DSA study of the femoral head circulation was performed after the addition of 3 kg of traction in 7 @entity1 and 5 kg of traction in 6 @entity1 . For comparison, DSA was also performed on the uninjured hip in 8 of the 9 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Blood circulation of the femoral head was evaluated by observing morphology of the feeding arteries, perfusion volume, venous drainage, and the circulation time of the microvasculature. RESULTS: @entity2249 damaged the retinaculum artery and led to femoral @entity135 in all 9 cases. Application of linear traction and repeat DSA decreased femoral head perfusion (faint arterial imaging and delayed @entity1211 ) in all @entity1 ' retinaculum arteries except the inferior branch compared with the pretraction imaging. These findings were more pronounced as the traction was increased from 3 to 5 kg. These findings were significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Traction impairs blood perfusion to the femoral head. Blood flow in the retinacular arteries was reduced and venous drainage impeded. Traction may be one of the major causes of femoral @entity135 after @entity2249 .

title: DSA Observation of Hemodynamic Response of Femoral Head With XXXX During Traction: A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head hemodynamic disorder', 'head osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous display']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['Femoral Neck Fracture']


abstract: Success of the new @entity1082 ) DNA test for low-resource settings (careHPV    test; QIAGEN Gaithersburg Inc., Gaithersburg, @entity601 ) requires good test performance when operated by personnel with limited laboratory experience. We evaluated the transferability, reliability, and accuracy of the careHPV test nested within a cervical screening project in a large Nigerian village. CareHPV testing was performed on screen-positive (n = 345) and screen-negative (n = 42) @entity1 attending colposcopy (68.3% of referred). Biopsies of abnormal-appearing areas were processed and read in the U.S. CareHPV specimens taken immediately before colposcopy were processed up to four times (in the field) by two secondary school graduates without laboratory experience, trained for this study. Specifically, QIAGEN Gaithersburg trained a laboratory-inexperienced U.S. researcher, who trained the first local technician who, in turn, trained the second. Residual specimens were sent to the U.S. for MY09/MY11 PCR testing for 13 carcinogenic genotypes ( @entity1799 , 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68) plus HPV66 (included in careHPV). Intrarater agreement was 98.8% (k = 0.97) and 98.9% (k = 0.97) for Technicians 1 and 2, respectively, while inter-rater agreement was 96.3% (k = 0.90). Agreement with MY09/MY11 PCR (virologic reference standard) was 89.3% (k = 0.73) with 74.2% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity. The careHPV test detected 12 (80%) of 15 histologically confirmed cervical @entity3146 , with an estimated 83.0% specificity to detect <CIN2. In a challenging low-resource setting with minimal intervention, the careHPV test performed adequately with high specificity but possibly lower sensitivity than HPV DNA tests currently used in controlled situations.

title: Effectiveness of a simple rapid XXXX DNA test in rural Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 2 (CIN2) or worse lesions']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate mechanisms of antiplatelet action of bioactive principle from @entity523 . Aqueous fraction had a high content of @entity2642 ( @entity859 , @entity17350 , and @entity1920 ) by HPLC analysis. Also aqueous fraction presented @entity3088 content. Aqueous fraction inhibited platelet activation by 15    6% (P < 0.05). Fully spread of @entity1 platelets on collagen in the presence of aqueous fraction was inhibited from 15    1 to 9    1      m(2) (P < 0.001). After incubation of whole blood with aqueous fraction, the platelet coverage was inhibited by 55    12% (P < 0.001). Platelet @entity855 secretion and aggregation were significantly inhibited by the aqueous fraction. At the same concentrations that aqueous fraction inhibits @entity1423 , levels of sCD40L significantly decreased and the intraplatelet @entity268 levels increased. In addition, @entity15404 , an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, attenuated the effect of aqueous fraction toward @entity857 -induced @entity1423 and intraplatelet level of @entity268 . Platelet aggregation ex vivo ( @entity1 study) and @entity715 formation in vivo ( @entity19 model) were inhibited by aqueous fraction. Finally, aqueous fraction may be used as a functional ingredient adding antiplatelet activities ( @entity2642 and @entity3088 ) to processed foods.

title: Protective Mechanisms of @entity523 Aqueous Fraction ( @entity2642 and @entity3088 ) on Platelet Activation and XXXX Formation: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies.

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['S. lycopersicum']

entities_list: @entity17350 :: ('MESH:D006151', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Luffa echinata Roxb. (LER) (Cucurbitaceae) showed tremendous medicinal importance and are being used for the treatment of different ailments. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the antiproliferative properties and cell death mechanism induced by the extract of the fruits of LER were investigated. Materials and Methods: @entity98 and LDH assay were used to test the antiproliferative and @entity137 of LER extract, respectively. The intracellular ROS were measured by a fluorometric assay. The expression of several apoptotic-related proteins in SW-480 cells treated by LER was evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: The methanolic extract of LER fruits inhibited the proliferation of @entity1 @entity694 cells (SW-480) in both dose- and time-dependent manners. The LER-treated cells showed obvious characteristics of cell apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, destruction of the monolayer, and condensed chromatin. In addition, treatments of various concentrations of LER extracts caused the release of @entity880 dehydrogenase as a dose-dependent manner via stimulation of the intracellular metabolic system. LER induced apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and cellular ROS accumulation in SW-480 cells. Treatment of LER on SW-480 cells promoted the expression of caspases, @entity589 , @entity1835 , and @entity876 proteins and decreased the levels of @entity588 and @entity1836 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that treatment with LER-induced cell death in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by regulating pro-apoptotic proteins via the up regulation of the @entity876 protein. These findings highlight the potentials of LER in the treatment of @entity1 @entity694 . SUMMARY: LER induced apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and cellular ROS accumulation in SW-480 cells. Treatment of LER on SW-480 cells promoted the expression of caspases, @entity589 , @entity1835 , and @entity876 proteins and decreased the levels of @entity588 and @entity1836 .

title: Luffa echinata Roxb. Induced Apoptosis in XXXX @entity694 Cell (SW-480) in the Caspase-dependent Manner and Through a Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The cases presented here, along with a preliminary body of clinical literature, suggest that, in conjunction with other factors, @entity205 has an etiologic role in the production of a variety of @entity347 , including delirium, generalized @entity148 , @entity146 , and @entity308 . The cases in this report were chosen in part because they illustrate definable organic syndromes. Other transplant recipients may experience less severe or isolated symptoms, such as sleep-wake reversal, @entity22 , @entity148 , lethargy, or mild confusional states that do meet full criteria for @entity347 but that appear to be related to @entity205 . Persecutory delusions may also occur in both floridly delirious @entity1 and in @entity1 with only minimal disorientation. Mental state aberrations most commonly begin within 2 weeks of treatment with @entity205 , and, frequently, most acute symptoms resolve within a few weeks of onset. However, in more severely delirious @entity1 or in @entity1 with medical courses complicated by other problems, symptoms may continue longer. In particular, difficulties with memory and with the acquisition of new information may persist for several weeks. Less commonly, mental syndromes may also occur following longer periods of treatment with @entity205 . Individual vulnerability appears to vary widely, and many @entity1 demonstrate mental complications at @entity205 levels that are in the moderate therapeutic range for immunosuppression. In addition, @entity1 who have recently been started on @entity205 and who demonstrate high therapeutic, rapidly rising, or toxic serum levels may be at greatest risk. Other risk factors may include intravenous administration, @entity1272 , hypocholesterolemia, and concurrent @entity1667 bolus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity205 -associated XXXX in liver transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['organic mood disorder-depressed']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinosis']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic mental syndrome', 'organic mental disorders']

answer: @entity347 :: (MESH:D019965,Disease) :: ['organic mental disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Left ventricular (LV) @entity67 , developed in relation to @entity296 and remodeling, is documented in 15%-25% of the population. However, its role in functional recovery and recurrent vascular events after acute @entity385 has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we identified 2,827 @entity385 cases with adequate echocardiographic evaluations to assess LV @entity67 within 1 month after the index @entity64 . The peak transmitral filling velocity/mean mitral annular velocity during early diastole (E/e') was used to estimate LV @entity67 . We divided @entity1 into 3 groups according to E/e' as follows: <8, 8-15, and >= 15. Recurrent vascular events and functional recovery were prospectively collected at 3 months and 1 year. RESULTS: Among included @entity1 , E/e' was 10.6  6.4: E/e' <8 in 993 (35%), 8-15 in 1,444 (51%), and >= 15 in 378 (13%) cases. Functional dependency or @entity204 (modified Rankin Scale score >= 2) and composite vascular events were documented in 1,298 (46%) and 187 (7%) @entity1 , respectively, at 3 months. In multivariable analyses, @entity385 cases with E/e' >= 15 had increased odds of functional @entity734 or @entity204 at 3 months (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.73 [1.27-2.35]) or 1 year (1.47 [1.06-2.06]) and vascular events within 1 year (1.65 [1.08-2.51]). Subgroups with normal ejection fraction or sinus rhythm exhibited a similar overall pattern and direction. CONCLUSIONS: LV @entity67 was associated with poor functional outcomes and composite vascular events up to 1 year.

title: Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in XXXX : Functional and Vascular Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1082 ) is considered a necessary causative agent for developing oropharyngeal, anal and @entity5 . Among @entity1 in Ecuadorian population, @entity5 ranks as the second most common gynecological @entity5 . Not many studies about HPV burden have been published in Ecuador, and genotypes distribution has not been established yet. The little data available suggest the presence of other genotypes different than 16 and 18. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we attempt to estimate the prevalence of @entity1799 , HPV 18 and other 35 genotypes among Ecuadorian @entity1 undergoing @entity5 screening. The overall prevalence of @entity1083 was also estimated. METHODS: Routine cervical samples were analyzed using Linear Array(r) HPV Genotyping test (Roche). RESULTS: A total of 1,581 cervical samples obtained from Ecuadorian @entity1 undergoing @entity5 screening were included in this study. HPV DNA was detected in 689 cervical samples (43.58%). Of these samples, 604 (38.20%) were positive for a single HPV genotype, while another 85 (5.37%) samples were positive for multiple HPV types. Genotype 16 (5.50%) resulted in the most frequently detected type in both single and multiple @entity281 . HPV 33 (4.55%) and HPV 11 (3.80%) occupied the second and the third place in frequency among all detected genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Viral genotypes different from @entity1799 and HPV 18 are frequently detected among Ecuadorian @entity1 . The overall prevalence of HPV resulted higher than the one reported in other South American countries with a greater burden in the second and third decades of life.

title: Genotypes distribution of @entity1082 in cervical samples of Ecuadorian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 and substance use disorders, including @entity835 , arise during adolescence, are frequently comorbid, and represent major health burdens in the general US population. Yet little is known about the association of @entity308 symptoms with @entity835 and other substance use and use disorders in Native American adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the comorbidity of @entity835 use and @entity308 symptoms in Native American adolescents. METHODS: This study used the @entity1 's Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (Adolescent Version) to obtain lifetime DSM-III-R diagnoses from a community sample of 202 (98 @entity1 , 104 @entity1 ) American Indian adolescents living on contiguous reservations. RESULTS: Thirteen percent of @entity1 and 38% of @entity1 had a lifetime DSM-III-R @entity308 ( @entity308 ) independent of substance use. Fifteen percent of @entity1 and 41% of @entity1 had a major @entity308 episode (MDE) either coincident with or independent of @entity835 use. MDE and several individual @entity308 symptoms were significantly associated with @entity835 in @entity1 but not in @entity1 . The median ages of onset of MDE were the same in the @entity1 and @entity1 who had experienced both @entity308 and @entity835 use. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the association of @entity308 with @entity835 is more significant in @entity1 than @entity1 in this population of adolescents. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding comorbidity between @entity308 and @entity835 use is important in order to disentangle the etiological relationship between the two and also for designing more effective treatment and prevention strategies, particularly in Native Americans who are at high risk for both disorders.

title: @entity308 symptoms associated with XXXX in an adolescent American Indian community sample.

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis', 'cannabis dependence']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'MDD', 'major depression disorder', 'depression']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis dependence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The antithrombotic, antiplatelet and endothelial activity of @entity26671 , a specific thromboxane prostaglandin receptor antagonist, was assessed in @entity1 previously treated with @entity117 for the prevention of @entity385 . METHODS: This double-blind, parallel-group, 10-day study included 48 @entity1 (age = 70.5 +/- 9.5 years) with cerebral @entity63 in 4 groups: @entity26671 10 mg/day (n = 13), @entity117 300 mg/day (n = 12), @entity26671 10 mg/day + @entity117 300 mg/day (n = 11) or @entity1397 75 mg/day + @entity117 300 mg/day (n = 12). The measurements included parameters from an ex vivo model of @entity715 , @entity1423 in platelet-rich plasma and plasma biomarkers of endothelial/platelet activation. RESULTS: Between days 0 and 10, the mean cross-sectional surface of dense @entity715 significantly decreased with @entity26671 (58%, p = 0.001), @entity26671 + @entity117 (63%, p = 0.005) and @entity1397 + @entity117 (61%, p < 0.05). On day 10, the value for @entity26671 was significantly lower than that for @entity117 (p < 0.01) and was comparable to the dual therapy @entity26671 + @entity117 or @entity1397 + @entity117 . Similar results were found for total @entity715 surface and platelet adhesion. @entity1423 induced by the specific thromboxane @entity3009 receptor agonist @entity2872 was almost completely inhibited on day 10 in both @entity26671 groups but not in the others. As regards markers of endothelial/platelet activation or lesions, thrombomodulin significantly increased and plasma soluble P selectin significantly decreased by day 10 in both @entity26671 groups, whereas the @entity2880 factor did not change significantly. @entity26671 was found to be safe and well TOLERATED. CONCLUSIONS: @entity26671 has demonstrated an antithrombotic activity that is superior to @entity117 and similar to @entity1397 + @entity117 ; it induces a significant in vivo reduction in endothelial/platelet activation.

title: Effect of the thromboxane prostaglandin receptor antagonist @entity26671 on arterial thrombogenesis after repeated administration in @entity1 treated for the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic event and/or carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'Platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity26671 :: ('MESH:C501362', 'Chemical') :: ['Terutroban', 'terutroban']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity2133 and loss of salivary gland secretion is one of the most common complications of the radiation treatment of @entity135 . The secretory mechanism in the salivary glands can be modulated by the concentration of intracellular @entity141 . Calmodulin is a @entity460 -binding protein that is widely distributed in nature and is involved in regulating intracellular @entity460 . In this study the effect of radiation on the concentration of calmodulin in @entity35 salivary glands was investigated. Fourteen @entity35 were divided into three groups: R1 (n = 4) and R2 (n = 5) received a single dose of 15 Gy and group C (n = 5) received no radiation. R1 and R2 animals were killed at weeks 2 and 10 post-irradiation, respectively. The submandibular glands were removed, homogenized and their total calmodulin was determined. The mean calmodulin concentrations were 6.4+/-1.1 microg/gland for controls, 14.1+/-3.7 microg/gland for R1 and 68.2+/-14.4 microg/gland for R2. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA revealed a significant increase in the concentration of calmodulin following irradiation (p = 0.003). The relationship between this increase and the loss of salivary gland function is not yet clear.

title: A pilot study on the effect of radiation on calmodulin in XXXX submandibular salivary glands.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1772 , the most effective drug for treating @entity508 , is a specific agonist of @entity1246 -B receptors, and is very abundant in the superficial layers of the spinal cord. Given orally, @entity1772 does not easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and is distributed equally to the brain and spinal cord. Direct intrathecal administration was given in order to change the distribution of the drug by preferentially perfusing the spinal cord. Eighteen @entity1 presenting a severe @entity508 were treated with chronic intrathecal infusion of @entity1772 in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. After clinical preselection, 38 @entity1 were implanted with a lumbar access port allowing long-term trials in order to determine the efficacy of @entity1772 therapy and the effective 12-hour dose. The 18 @entity1 selected for chronic administration were implanted with a programmable pump. The pathology in these cases was: @entity15 (6 cases), posttrauma @entity508 (eight cases), and (one case each) @entity306 , @entity2806 , @entity63 , and transverse @entity4685 . The mean follow-up period was 18 months (range 4 to 43 months). The clinical results were evaluated according to muscular hypertony on Ashworth's scale (changed for occurrence of @entity158 ) and functional improvement. Results were better for @entity508 secondary to traumatic medullary lesion than for @entity17 . @entity4372 was improved in all cases as confirmed by the registration of the Hoffman (H) reflex. @entity158 muscular @entity2473 disappeared in 14 of the 16 affected @entity1 . Significant functional improvement was noted in nine @entity1 and was considerable in three. The risk of side effects secondary to @entity1445 (such as @entity308 ) and the absence of a specific @entity1772 antagonist stresses the necessity for accurate determination of the efficient dose. After an initial titration period and adjustment of the therapeutic dose, the individual doses were from 21 to 500 micrograms/24 hrs (mean 160 micrograms/24 hrs). This new conservative method is very effective, perfectly reversible, and safe when administered in conditions favorable to its use.

title: Chronic intrathecal XXXX administration for control of severe @entity508 .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['excessive hypotonia or central depression']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebral lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['spinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity', 'spastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful spasms', 'Painful']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonia']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen', 'baclofen']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['baclofen']


abstract: The place of radiotherapy in the management of @entity1544 remains uncertain. Survival of @entity5 @entity1 from the Nottingham area in the years 1982-5 was reviewed. Surgical resection was attempted in 44 of 131 @entity1 with @entity1544 . Among the remainder 32 had endoscopic intubation alone, 27 had radical radiotherapy alone (six) or combined with endoscopic intubation (21), and 28 had other treatment combinations including surgical intubation and palliative radiotherapy. @entity1 treated by intubation alone had a mean age of 75 years. They were significantly older and @entity3 were more common (31%) in this group than in @entity1 treated with radiotherapy (mean age 69 years), of whom 11% had @entity3 . Some 34% (11 of 32) of @entity1 treated by intubation alone died within 30 days of diagnosis and were therefore not eligible for radiotherapy. Beyond 30 days, survival in the radiotherapy group (median survival 188 days; 95% confidence limits 133-253) was not significantly greater than that for the group treated by intubation alone (median survival 98 days (73-154)). The radiotherapy @entity1 had a median hospital stay of 46 days compared with 23 days for the @entity1 treated by intubation alone. In @entity1 with @entity1544 unsuitable for surgery, the survival advantage associated with radiotherapy and intubation is small and does not compensate for the extra morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. A controlled trial of radiotherapy in these @entity1 is now needed.

title: What does radiotherapy add to survival over endoscopic intubation alone in inoperable XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell oesophageal cancer']