abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of leukocytapheresis (LCAP) and to investigate predictive factors for @entity33 and a sustained clinical response in @entity134 -free and @entity134 -refractory @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity134 -free or @entity134 -refractory @entity1 with active @entity31 were enrolled. Five or ten consecutive sessions of LCAP were performed in each @entity1 . The efficacy and tolerability was then evaluated at weeks 3 and 6. Endoscopic examination was performed at week 6 to evaluate the @entity33 , and the sustained cumulative response rate was evaluated at 12 months. RESULTS: At week 6, the mean Mayo clinical activity score had decreased significantly from 8.0 to 4.6 in the @entity134 -free @entity1 and from 8.3 to 3.9 in the @entity134 -refractory @entity1 . Rachmilewitz's endoscopic index had also decreased significantly from 9.1 to 6.1 in the @entity134 -free @entity1 and from 10.0 to 5.7 in the @entity134 -refractory @entity1 . Forty-seven percent of the @entity134 -free @entity1 and 33% of the @entity134 -refractory @entity1 achieved @entity33 . The peripheral platelet counts had decreased significantly at weeks 3 and 6 in the @entity33 group, compared with the non- @entity33 group. The @entity1 with a more than 15% @entity1423 had a significantly higher cumulative response rate, compared with the @entity1 without a @entity1423 (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: LCAP is beneficial for the induction of @entity33 in @entity134 -free and @entity134 -refractory @entity1 with @entity31 . The degree of @entity1423 during LCAP might be a predictive marker for @entity33 and a sustained clinical response.

title: Multicenter prospective study for clinical and endoscopic efficacies of leukocytapheresis therapy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet reduction']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Fractures of the humerus in @entity1 with total shoulder replacement are rare and difficult to treat. The treatment of @entity3564 depends on the location of the @entity174 in relation to the humeral stem and the stability of the stem/bone interface. We wished to determine the treatment outcomes in a series of @entity1 managed in our institution with @entity3564 . We also carried out a review of the literature. Over a 5 year period, out of 10 @entity1 , 7 were available at the final follow up with a mean age of 72 years (range 68-75). A fall from standing height was the most common mechanism of injury. All @entity1 were found to have stable prosthesis in situ and were treated with angular stable plates and cerclage wiring. The mean time from the total shoulder replacement to injury ( @entity174 ) was 11.2 months (range 8-21). All @entity174 united without complications at a mean time of 5.1 months (range 4-6). The literature review revealed a limited number of publications reporting on the management of approximately 40 @entity1 . The outcome noted in these @entity1 is also presented.

title: Management of shoulder XXXX : our institutional experience and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fractures']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic humeral fractures']

answer: @entity3564 :: (MESH:D057068,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine serum levels of soluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated molecule-4 (sCTLA-4) and clinical association in @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). METHODS: Serum sCTLA-4 levels from 32 @entity1 with diffuse cutaneous @entity785 (dSSc) and 27 @entity1 with limited cutaneous @entity785 (lSSc) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For a longitudinal study, 211 sera from 30 @entity785 @entity1 were analysed (follow-up 2.1-7.0 yr). RESULTS: Serum sCTLA-4 levels were elevated in dSSc @entity1 compared with normal controls (n = 41), lSSc @entity1 and @entity1 with active @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) (n = 23). By contrast, sCTLA-4 levels in @entity1 with lSSc or @entity1252 were normal. @entity785 @entity1 with elevated sCTLA-4 levels had a shorter disease duration and more frequent presence of digital pitting scars, contracture of phalanges, diffuse pigmentation, @entity3794 and decreased percentage vital capacity (%VC) than those with normal sCTLA-4 levels. sCTLA-4 levels correlated positively with the extent of skin @entity82 , serum IgG levels and anti-topoisomerase I antibody levels. In a longitudinal study, sCTLA-4 levels decreased on a parallel with improvement of @entity272 in five dSSc @entity1 . @entity272 did not improve in two of six dSSc @entity1 with high sCTLA-4 levels throughout the follow-up, while the remaining four @entity1 showed improvement of @entity272 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that sCTLA-4 correlates with disease severity and activity of @entity785 and that sCTLA-4 plays a role in immunological abnormalities of @entity785 , since sCTLA-4 may augment humoral immune responses as well as T-cell responses by interfering with B7- @entity4386 interactions that induce negative signals in T and B cells.

title: Serum soluble XXXX levels are increased in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin sclerosis', 'skin sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity4386 :: (1493,Gene) :: ['CTLA-4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several studies have assessed the clinicopathological and prognostic value of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) expression in @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ), but their results remain controversial. To address this issue, a meta-analysis was carried out. A total of 29 studies involving 2430 @entity1 were subjected to final analysis. Our results indicated that @entity3840 expression was not statistically associated with advanced @entity5 stage ( @entity5 , 1.23; 95% CI, 0.98-1.55) but correlated with high risk of lymph node @entity3 ( @entity5 , 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.60) and advanced @entity2802 stage ( @entity5 , 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06-1.66). Moreover, @entity3840 expression had significant effect on poor @entity3012 (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.29-2.90), @entity4434 (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.00-4.08) and DFS (HR, 5.14; 95% CI, 2.84-9.31). The results of subgroup analyses revealed that @entity3840 expression was related with high possibility of lymph node @entity3 in @entity5 ( @entity5 , 1.49; 95% CI, 1.01-2.20) and advanced @entity2802 stage in @entity5 ( @entity5 , 1.58; 95% CI, 1.05-2.37) and no site-specific @entity135 ( @entity5 , 1.64; 95% CI, 1.02-2.62). However, subgroup analyses only showed a tendency without statistically significant association between @entity3840 expression and survival. Significant heterogeneity was not found when analyzing clinicopathological data, but it appeared when considering survival data. No publication bias was detected in this study. This meta-analysis suggested that @entity3840 expression could act as a prognostic factor for @entity1 with @entity135 .

title: Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of @entity3840 expression in XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'OR', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Almost all the @entity1 (95 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ) with @entity2335 , i.e. @entity2335 , in this area with a population of about 970,000 were probably traced. The prevalence of the disease in the female members of this population was 18.1 cases per 100,000 @entity1 of all ages. The joint prevalence of both sexes together was 10.6 cases per 100,000. The annual incidence of new female cases was 1.2 per 100,000 @entity1 . The disease is not rare when mild and moderately severe cases are also diagnosed. Severe cases account for only a tenth of all cases. Only about a tenth of the @entity1 are @entity1 and most of them had the mild form of the disease. It may begin at any age. The incidence has possibly been rising during the last 10 years. @entity2335 does not as a rule progress continuously but reaches its final stage rapidly, then usually remains in the same category. With this prevalence and incidence every urologist in this area can expect to see at least one case a year.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial cystitis', 'autoimmune cystitis', 'interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['interstitial cystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk reduction in ambulatory @entity1 who survive @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is effective but underused. We sought to evaluate a provider-directed, Internet-delivered intervention to improve @entity65 for @entity583 outpatients. METHODS: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) @entity583 -Plus study was a cluster-randomized trial involving 168 community-based primary care clinics and 847 providers in 26 states, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico, from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2008, with the clinic as the randomization unit. We collected administrative data for 15,847 @entity583 @entity1 and medical record data for 10,452 of these. A multicomponent, Internet-delivered intervention included quarterly educational modules, practice guidelines, monthly literature summaries, and automated e-mail reminders delivered to providers for 27 months. Main outcome measures included percentage of @entity1 who achieved each of 7 clinical indicators, a composite score of the 7 clinical indicators, and mean low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and hemoglobin A(1c) levels. RESULTS: Clinics had a median of 3 providers (interquartile range, 2-6), with a median of 50.0% of providers (33.3%-66.7%) participating in the study. @entity1 in intervention clinics had greater improvements (from 70.0% to 85.5%) in the percentages prescribed b-blockers than @entity1 in control clinics (71.9% to 84.0%; adjusted improvement gain for intervention vs control, 2.6%; 95% CI, 0.1%-4.1%). We found nonsignificant differences in improvements favoring @entity1 in intervention clinics for 5 of 6 remaining clinical indicators and levels of low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and hemoglobin A(1c). CONCLUSION: A longitudinal, Internet-delivered intervention improved only 1 of 7 clinical indicators of @entity65 in ambulatory @entity583 @entity1 .

title: Improving care after @entity583 using a 2-year internet-delivered intervention: the Department of Veterans Affairs XXXX -plus cluster-randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular management']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity438 at the bifurcation represent a special endovascular technical challenge given their distal location, commonly wide-neck morphology, small parent vessel diameter and potentially high recurrence rate after coiling given the bifurcation location. Y-configuration stent-assisted coil embolization techniques have been reported for the treatment of @entity439 located at other vascular bifurcations and only rarely with A2 bifurcation @entity439 . METHODS: A neurointerventional database was reviewed for identification of all cases of A2 bifurcation @entity439 that were treated with Y-stent configuration. The authors report clinical, technical and outcome data on four @entity1 with @entity439 who were treated with a Y-configuration stent-assisted coil embolization technique. RESULTS: A Y-configuration stent placement in the anterior cerebral artery/A2 bifurcation was successfully achieved in all four @entity1 without significant technical difficulties. One @entity1 presented with a previously ruptured and partially treated @entity439 and three @entity1 with incidentally found @entity439 . All four @entity1 had a Y-configuration stent placement in one setting. The Y-configuration allowed for complete occlusion of all four @entity439 with no recurrence or @entity432 on mean angiographic follow-up of 13.5 months (6-28). CONCLUSION: Treating @entity438 at the bifurcation with Y-configuration stent placement is feasible and effective. This technique may be considered as a therapeutic option for @entity439 that pose a difficult technical challenge.

title: XXXX treatment using Y-configuration stent-assisted coil embolization: a report of four cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'pericallosal aneurysms', 'wide-neck aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['wide-neck pericallosal artery aneurysms', 'Pericallosal artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Pericallosal artery aneurysm']


abstract: CONTEXT: There are only a few large prospective studies involving evaluation of the effect of maternal @entity1374 on offspring and observations are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of @entity1374 or antibody positivity on perinatal outcome. SETTING AND @entity1 : The study included prospective population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 including 9247 singleton pregnancies. First-trimester maternal serum samples were analyzed for thyroid hormones [TSH, free T(4) (fT4)] and antibodies [thyroid-peroxidase antibody ( @entity5787 -Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab)]. Mothers were classified by their hormone and antibody status into percentile categories based on laboratory data and compared accordingly. MAIN OUTCOMES: Outcomes were perinatal mortality, @entity3152 , absolute and gestational age-adjusted birth weight, and absolute and relative placental weight. RESULTS: The offspring of @entity5787 -Ab- and TG-Ab-positive mothers had higher perinatal mortality, which was not affected by thyroid hormone status. Unadjusted and adjusted (for maternal age and parity) risk for increased perinatal mortality was an odds ratio of 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.4-7.1) and 3.2 (1.4-7.1) in @entity5787 -Ab- and 2.6 (1.1-6.2) and 2.5 (1.1-5.9) in TG-Ab-positive mothers. @entity5787 -Ab-positive mothers had more large-for-gestational age @entity1 (2.4 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.017), as did mothers with low TSH and high fT4 concentrations vs. reference group (6.6 vs. 2.5%, P = 0.045). Significantly higher placental weights were observed among mothers with low TSH and high fT4 or high TSH and low fT4 levels as well as among @entity5787 -Ab-positive mothers. CONCLUSIONS: First-trimester antibody positivity is a risk factor for perinatal death but not thyroid hormone status as such. @entity1374 early in pregnancy seems to affect fetal and placental growth.

title: Perinatal outcome of XXXX born to mothers with @entity1374 or antibodies: a prospective population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'Thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity566 are a public health issue, but knowledge on development and comorbidity among @entity1 is scarce. The aim was to study the development of @entity484 , @entity565 and @entity2490 in relation to sex and parental @entity566 , in a population-based cohort, during childhood. METHODS: At 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12  years, parental questionnaires were used to obtain data on @entity566 . Complete data for all five follow-up occasions were available from 2916 @entity1 . Odds ratios for the risk of any @entity566 in relation to heredity and sex were calculated using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: At 12  years, 58% of the @entity1 had had @entity484 , @entity565 and/or @entity2490 at some time. Disease turnover was high for all three diseases throughout the study. Comorbidity increased with age, and at 12  years, 7.5% of all the @entity1 were affected by at least two @entity566 . Parental @entity566 was associated with increased comorbidity and more persistent disease and increased the risk of having any @entity566 (adjusted OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.57-1.97) up to 12  years. Male sex was associated with an increased risk throughout childhood. @entity1 and @entity1 did not differ in disease persistence, and for comorbidity, the differences were minor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity566 may affect a majority of @entity1 . @entity484 , @entity565 and @entity2490 develop dynamically throughout childhood, and @entity56 is common. These findings indicate that @entity566 should be neither seen nor studied as isolated entities.

title: Development and comorbidity of @entity484 , @entity565 and XXXX to age 12: data from the BAMSE birth cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy-related disease', 'allergy-related diseases', 'allergy', 'Allergy-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'Eczema']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As a @entity8 ( @entity8 ) regimen, the combination of @entity3118 and @entity3601 (FM) with an appropriate immunosuppressant reduces nonrelapse mortality (NRM). METHODS: We retrospectively compared the efficacy of a @entity8 regimen with FM with that of a @entity8 ( @entity8 ) regimen. Eighty-two consecutive hematological @entity1 who underwent allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) at our hospital were enrolled. Preparation for @entity8 consisted of 25 mg/m(2) @entity3118 and @entity3601 70 mg/m(2). The conventional regimen employed high-dose @entity786 and total-body irradiation (12 Gy) or @entity1863 and high-dose @entity786 . @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis for @entity8 consisted of @entity1140 alone or in conjunction with short-term @entity1499 for unrelated donors. RESULTS: Of the 82 @entity1 , 42 received the conventional @entity8 regimen (median age, 35 years) and 40 received the @entity8 regimen (median age, 51 years). The probability of NRM was 17% (7/42) in the @entity8 group and 8% (3/40) in the @entity8 group. Grade II to IV @entity2132 occurred in significantly more @entity8 @entity1 (38%) than @entity8 @entity1 (28%). However, the overall survival was the same in the two groups (43%). CONCLUSION: The @entity8 regimen with FM incorporating @entity1140 and @entity1499 demonstrated low TRM incidence and moderate control of @entity2132 and had efficacy comparable to that of the @entity8 regimen, despite the advanced age of the @entity8 @entity1 group.

title: @entity3118 and @entity3601 conditioning with XXXX as @entity2132 prophylaxis for allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients is an effective reduced-intensity combination regimen compared to the conventional regimen.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['stem-cell transplantation', 'conventional stem cell transplantation', 'SCT', 'RIST', 'reduced-intensity stem-cell transplantation', 'CST']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: AIM: Our aim was to estimate the usefulness of oesophageal endoscopic ultrasound in the accurate location of recurrent or persistent @entity459 ( @entity2742 ). MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 352 @entity1 with @entity459 were operated on over the last seven years. A preoperative parathyroid 99Tc- sestamibi gammagraphy and an intraoperative PTH determination were performed routinely. Only 5 @entity1 (1.4%) had localization problems: three with persistent @entity2742 after parathyroid extirpation, one recurrent @entity2742 after a right hemithyroidectomy. An oesophageal endoscopic ultrasound was carried out before any new exploratory neck surgery in order to find the definitive location. RESULTS: The endoscopic ultrasound showed a clear image of @entity652 with an accurate location in four @entity1 . No @entity5 was present in one @entity1 . All five @entity1 were operated on. The exact location was confirmed in the four @entity1 with positive endoscopic ultrasound images. The fifth surgical exploration revealed a parathyreosis. All five @entity1 had a favourable post-operative period, with no nerve lesions or morbidity associated with the endoscopic ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS: Oesophageal endoscopic ultrasound is a very useful diagnostic tool in @entity2742 @entity1 with location problems, particularly in cases having anatomical changes due to previous surgery. It is a procedure that helps the surgeon to make a more selective and efficient exploration of parathyroid glands.

title: [Oesophageal endoscopic ultrasound in the accurate location of XXXX ( @entity2742 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['HPT', 'HPT and one HPT']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: The involvement of [ @entity141 ](i) in the reactive changes of astrocytes which accompany exposure to different chemicals were studied in cultures of C6 and 1321N1 cells. Cells were exposed to up to three serial pulses of the differentiating agent @entity5393 , which induces activation-type changes in the cells. Other cells, with or without the @entity5393 treatments, were treated with a range of concentrations of the antidepressants @entity3659 and @entity905 and the glial toxicants @entity3323 and @entity503 . In some experiments the L-type voltage @entity460 channel blocker @entity594 was employed. [ @entity141 ](i) was measured in populations of the cells using Fura-2AM and a @entity11339 ( @entity11339 ) camera attached to a fluorescence microscope. @entity5393 induced both dose- and time-dependent changes in [ @entity141 ](i) with increases in both the [ @entity141 ](i) oscillations and mean [ @entity141 ](i) (e.g. in C6 cells at 18 min mean [ @entity141 ](i) was 318 +/- 20nM following the single differentiating @entity5393 pulses, 489 +/- 17nM (p < 0.001) following two serial pulses, and 275 +/- 30nM (not significant) following three pulses). Therapeutic doses of @entity905 and @entity3659 caused increases in the @entity460 oscillations and the mean @entity460 concentrations ( maximum recorded mean increase was in the C6 cells at 10min by 0.02 muM @entity905 when [ @entity141 ](i) was 411 +/- 35nM c.f. control 254 +/- 25nM, p = 0.01). Higher (non-therapeutic) doses of both antidepressants caused significant reductions. @entity503 and @entity3323 also caused dose-dependent bi-phasic types of alterations in [ @entity141 ](i), with significant reductions at lower, sub-cytotoxic doses followed by significant increases at higher concentrations, approaching those which cause cell damage. @entity594 treatment caused some reductions in the @entity5393 , antidepressant or toxicant-induced @entity460 changes, but this substance also initiated cytotoxic alterations. The findings show that both the activation-type changes (which are frequently associated with increased protective capacities) and toxic responses of C6 and 1321N1 cells to different chemical agents are associated with dose-dependent alterations in [ @entity141 ](i).

title: The involvement of XXXX in the protective and toxic (nonlinear) responses of rodent and human astroglial cells.

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity11339 :: ('MESH:D058747', 'Disease') :: ['charge coupled device', 'CCD']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine', 'Chloroquine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity263 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . @entity5 grade is one of the most important prognostic factors of @entity263 . @entity876 and Ki-67 expressions have also been considered to be prognostic factors. AIMS: This study was performed to investigate the frequency of these proteins expression and compare the obtained results with Gleason's grading. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, 49 @entity982 @entity263 were assessed. @entity5 grade was determined according to the Gleason's criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ki-67 and @entity876 expressions were determined by immunohistochemical staining. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The obtained results were analyzed and evaluated using Spearman's statistical test (SPSS version 15). RESULTS: Three out of 49 (6.1%) cases were well differentiated, 21 (43%) moderately differentiated and 25 (51%) were poorly differentiated. @entity876 was negative in all well-differentiated cases. Ki-67 was negative in 14 cases (28%) including all well-differentiated @entity5 . Among moderately and poorly differentiated @entity5 Ki-67 was negative in eight (38%) and three (12%) of cases, respectively. A statistically significant relation was observed between the increased Ki-67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) and increased Gleason's grade. Conversely, no statistically significant relation was found between @entity876 expression and increased Gleason's grade. CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings of this study, it seems that Ki-67 can be used as a prognostic factor for @entity263 . On the other hand, the probable relation between @entity876 and @entity263 prognosis requires further studies.

title: Frequency of Ki-67 (MIB-1) and @entity876 expressions among XXXX with @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['blocks of prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biomarkers in @entity0 provide invaluable information regarding prognosis and help determining the optimal treatment. We have examined the possible correlation between @entity5 stem cell (CSC)-like markers ( @entity5439 , paired box gene 2 protein ( @entity5449 ), @entity5960 , and a new membrane @entity172 receptor ( @entity21841 ( @entity21841 )) in @entity9962 with known clinicopathological parameters, @entity5 recurrence, and expression of some known biomarkers. METHODS: In 74 @entity9962 , we investigated the protein expression of these molecular markers by immunohistochemistry, and their associations with known clinicopathological parameters, @entity5 recurrence, and expression of some known biomarkers. We studied the interrelationship between the expressions of these proteins. RESULTS: @entity5439 , a putative CSC marker, was positively related to @entity5 size, @entity5 stage, and lymph node @entity3 . @entity5449 was negatively correlated with @entity5 recurrence. @entity5960 , one of the breast CSC markers, was an indicator of @entity5 recurrence. @entity21841 was associated with hormone receptors. Despite the correlation between @entity21841 and the nuclear @entity172 receptor, the expression was dependent. Positive staining of @entity21841 in @entity5 displayed a significant association with high @entity1722 expression and a tendency for @entity5 recurrence. A positive relationship between @entity21841 and @entity5439 existed. CONCLUSION: Detecting the expression of @entity5439 , @entity5449 , @entity5960 , and @entity21841 in @entity9962 may be of help in more accurately predicting the aggressive properties of @entity0 and determining the optimal treatment.

title: Expression of @entity5439 , @entity5449 , @entity5960 , and @entity21841 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5960 :: ('4072', 'Gene') :: ['ESA', 'epithelial specific antigen (ESA))']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity21841 :: ('2852', 'Gene') :: ['GPR30', 'G-protein coupled receptor 30']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity9962 :: (MESH:D018270,Disease) :: ['invasive ductal breast carcinomas']


abstract: There is much evidence that @entity26 free radicals (OFR) may be the final mediators of biochemical and molecular damage in many @entity8 of different etiology (toxic, @entity63 and immunologically mediated), involving mainly endothelium, basement membrane and tubular cells, but direct demonstration of a role in inducing mesangiolysis is lacking. An experimental model of @entity8 caused by OFR was carried out in 6 @entity95 using a mixture of @entity3624 -oxidase and @entity3624 , which produces a large amount of the radical @entity224 anion. Both enzyme (0.0150 and 0.150 U/ml) and substrate (0.2 and 2 mM) were simultaneously infused in one kidney, while the controlateral kidneys perfused with buffer only were used as controls. Treated kidneys were compared to controls by light and electron microscopy. A further experiment was carried out in 4 other @entity95 to evaluate the protection afforded by @entity224 dismutase, the specific enzyme-scavenging @entity224 anion. Microscopic studies showed dose-related ingravescent damage in the treated kidneys: capillary enlargement, @entity4 , detachment of the endothelium from the basement membrane, mesangiolysis and microaneurysms. Control kidneys appeared to be normal. No significant differences were observed in the kidneys treated with addition of @entity224 dismutase. These results are the first direct demonstration of a role of @entity224 anion in the induction of mesangiolysis in @entity95 . The lack of a protective effect by @entity224 dismutase could mean that the @entity224 anion triggers a chain of other OFR, further responsible for damage.

title: Mesangiolysis and endothelial lesions due to peroxidative damage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['subendothelial swelling']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: @entity117 , @entity1396 and @entity1397 are used as a pharmacological means to efficiently decrease the number of reoccurrence of @entity385 (100-325 mg/d). This antiplatelet treatment could prevent the secondary @entity64 by approximately 22%. Laboratory effective platelet inhibition for the clinician, and methods for routine screening evaluation for the laboratory were studied. (1) For the standardisation of @entity1423 technology blood samples of 150 healthy @entity1 were studied in 5 centres. CARAT TX computerised optical aggregometer was used for measuring with collagen (2 microg/ml), @entity1425 (10 microM), @entity1426 0.5 mM and @entity857 5 microM as inductors. (2) Laboratory tests were compared in each centres performed in platelet-rich plasma of ischemic cardiovascular and @entity64 @entity1 (n=823) taking 100-325 mg @entity117 /d. (3) Blood samples of 555 @entity385 @entity1 treated with @entity117 (100-325 mg/d), 96 @entity1 treated with @entity1396 (500 mg/d), and 67 @entity1 treated with @entity1397 (75 mg/d) were evaluated, respectively.(1) The mean of maximal aggregation (%) - 2SD of untreated controls (n=150) were detected for collagen with 64%, @entity1425 59% and @entity857 62%. (2) In 823 @entity117 treated @entity1 were found similar inhibition in different centres with same methods for standardisation. The mean inhibition level was in case of collagen 38%, @entity1425 37% and @entity857 61%. (3) The distribution of ineffective platelet inhibition was detected in 17% of @entity117 group (collagen and @entity1425 ), 4% of @entity1396 and 18% of @entity1397 group with @entity857 , respectively. Our findings were in the @entity64 cohort: effective inhibition levels: 36% in @entity117 group, 73% in @entity1396 and 25% treated with @entity1397 . Platelet aggregation tests could help to find the optimal, and "custom taylored" dose of antiaggregating drugs in the secondary prevention of @entity385 .

title: Measurement of @entity1423 during antiplatelet therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Dual-photon bone densitometry of the lumbar spine and hips was performed in 11 @entity1 (9 females) with asymptomatic @entity459 and in 11 control subjects. The age was 54.7 +/- 14.8 years. The asymptomatic state of the disease was established by the absence of clinical or radiologic evidence of renal, digestive or bone involvement. 10 of 11 @entity1 had histologic confirmation of the disorder, in addition to the biochemical and RIA findings which were present in all. Serum @entity460 ranged from 10.6 to 11.8 mg/dl, and P levels were decreased in 7 subjects. Alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated in 7 @entity1 . Urinary @entity460 output was 341 +/- 216 mg/24 h. Bone density was 16% lower at the lumbar spine and 20% lower at the hip in @entity1 compared to controls. In 5 @entity1 bone density was lower than the level associated to increased risk for @entity174 (compared to 2 controls). No correlation existed between bone density and biochemical indices of @entity2742 . Thus, decreased bone density and increased risk of @entity174 may exist in @entity1 with @entity2742 even at the asymptomatic stage.

title: [Asymptomatic XXXX : evaluation of bone mass using dual-photon bone densitometry].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine differences in presentation and outcome in pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign and malignant processes. Pancreaticoduodenectomies performed for @entity788 or @entity1689 from 2000 to 2008 were identified from a prospectively maintained database and compared. Pancreaticoduodenectomy revealed @entity420 in 220 @entity1 and benign @entity1689 in 40 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity420 were older (64 +/- 10.6 years and 47.6 +/- 10.8 years, respectively, P < 0.001) and more likely to demonstrate @entity1087 (92 and 13%, respectively, P < 0.001), @entity353 (76 and 58%, respectively, P = 0.01), and discrete masses (72 and 55%, respectively, P = 0.03). By contrast, @entity1689 presented with increased @entity158 (98 and 49%, respectively, P < 0.001) and @entity390 (68 and 32%, respectively, P < 0.001). @entity1 with @entity788 experienced reduced @entity190 (227 +/- 156 and 571 +/- 626 mL, respectively, P = 0.05) and transfusion (10 and 42%, respectively, P < 0.001). Postoperatively, the groups were similar in risk of @entity292 , gastroparesis, overall morbidity, and mortality. Infection rates were higher in @entity420 (42 and 20%, respectively, P = 0.01). Forty-nine @entity1 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for presumptive @entity1689 , of which nine had @entity420 ; logistic regression identified increasing age and @entity1087 as predictors of @entity5 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity420 , those who undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity1689 are less likely to require preoperative biliary drainage and perioperative transfusion. Infectious complication risk is higher in @entity1 with @entity420 . Increased age and @entity1087 should raise suspicion of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity1689 undergoing evaluation for surgical treatment.

title: Differences in presentation and perioperative outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity5 and benign XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity1358 were treated with @entity1 lymphoblastoid interferon (Wellferon) and continuous fusion @entity5713 . All @entity1 received @entity5713 as a continuous infusion at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2/day on days 1 to 5. The interferon was given by daily intramuscular injections on days 1 to 10. Three @entity1 were treated with a dose escalation scheme that reached a maximum daily dose by day 3 of 5 X 10(6) units/m2/day and that was then continued until day 10. Fifteen @entity1 received 3 X 10(6) units/m2/day on day, 1, and 5 X 10(6) units/m2/day on days 3 to 10. Treatments were repeated every 28 days. @entity1398 (less than 1,500/mm3) occurred in 14 of 18 @entity1 . Transient increases in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase levels to greater than four times baseline were noted in nine @entity1 . @entity882 (less than 100,000 platelets/mm3) occurred in one @entity1 . Fatigue, lethargy, and decline in performance status were marked in four of the @entity1 . None of the @entity1 in the low-dose interferon group and only 1 of the 15 @entity1 in the high-dose interferon group had an objective response (7%, with a 95% confidence interval of 0 to 31%). Of the 12 @entity1 completing at least two courses of therapy, 10 were in the high-dose group, which included the 1 objective (partial) response. This response noted at the start of the fourth course. Ten others developed @entity74 and one stopped treatment because of @entity137 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Interferon-alpha-n1 and continuous infusion XXXX for treatment of @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: Increasing energy demand has spurred interest in the use of biofuels. @entity21521 (physic nut), an inedible oilseed, is a potential source of bioenergy. The seeds, however, contain allergens such as Jat c 1, a 2S albumin that can induce @entity56 in @entity1 and result in @entity56 . Recent advances in identifying and characterizing plant allergens and, in particular, their immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes have produced a wealth of information. We identified IgE-binding regions and the critical @entity3534 involved in the degranulation of mast cells and the release of @entity112 , preliminary steps for the prevention and treatment of this @entity566 . Four IgE-binding regions were identified in the sequence of Jat c 1. We identified and demonstrated the fundamental role of two @entity367 residues in IgE binding. The sequence LEKQLEEGEVGS produces a random loop on the most exposed part of Jat c 1. This region is important to the stimulation of the @entity56 response. The possibility of using this information to produce vaccines and other pharmacological agents for @entity566 treatment is discussed.

title: Identification of IgE-binding peptide and critical @entity3534 of XXXX allergen involved in allergenic response.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity21521 :: ('180498', 'Species') :: ['Jatropha curcas']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'hypersensitivity reactions', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity21521 :: (180498,Species) :: ['Jatropha curcas']


abstract: Colonoscopy has established benefits for the detection and prevention of @entity14 , which is the second leading cause of @entity5 in Canada and the United States. However, two recently published studies from scientists at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) have found that the procedure has certain limitations (Baxter et al. 2009; Rabeneck et al. 2008). First, colonoscopy seems to be less effec-tive at preventing @entity5 that originate in the right side of the large bowel. Second, while the procedure is safe for many @entity1 , certain @entity1 appear to be at increased risk for serious complications. Colonoscopy is widely used to detect both @entity14 and @entity6523 , which may become malignant if left alone. During a complete colonoscopy, a physician - usually a gastroenterologist or general surgeon - inserts a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope through the @entity1 's rectum and along the length of the large bowel. The goal is to scan the entire colon for potentially cancerous or pre-cancerous growths. If such a @entity1127 or lesion is detected, it can often be removed during the colonoscopy so that no additional procedures or surgery are needed. The findings from the two new ICES studies, detailed below, are especially important given the widespread and increasing use of colonoscopy and the need to evaluate possible harms from and limitations of the procedure.

title: New findings about the risks and limitations of colonoscopy used in the early detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related deaths', 'cancer deaths from tumours']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We have investigated the effects of @entity1274 on the cochlea and central auditory system of profoundly deafened @entity468 . Seventeen adult @entity468 were used: four had normal hearing; 12 were deafened neonatally for periods of < 2.5 years (five bilaterally, seven unilaterally); and one animal had a long-term (approximately 8 years) profound bilateral @entity393 . Bipolar scala tympani stimulating electrodes were bilaterally implanted in each animal, and electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABRs) were recorded in an acute study to evaluate the basic physiologic response properties of the deafened auditory pathway. The cochleae and cochlear nuclei (CN) of each animal were examined with light microscopy. @entity4494 cell density in neonatally deafened cochleae was 17% of normal, and only 1.5% of normal in the long-term deaf animal. There was a 46% reduction in total CN volume in neonatally deafened animals compared to normal, and a 60% reduction in the long-term deaf animal. Neural density in the anteroventral CN of bilaterally deafened animals was 37% higher than normal; 44% higher in the long-term deaf animal. Significantly, however, we saw no evidence of a loss of neurones within the anteroventral CN in any deafened animal. There was a significant increase in EABR threshold and wave IV latency in the deafened animals, and a significant decrease in response amplitude and input/output function gradient. Again, these changes were more extensive in the long-term deaf animal. These data show that a @entity1274 can evoke significant morphological and physiological changes within the cochlea and auditory brainstem, and these changes become greater with duration of @entity2319 . It remains to be seen whether these changes can be reversed following the introduction of afferent activity via chronic electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve.

title: XXXX during development: morphological and physiological response of the cochlea and auditory brainstem.

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['Spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['Sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate transpulmonary chemoembolization (TPCE) as a symptomatic palliative method for treating inoperable @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHOD: From 2002 to 2005, 17 @entity1 (17 males, 3 females; average age: 64.5 years) suffering from @entity2 were treated in 3.6 sessions (range: 2 to 8) using TPCE. The @entity1 had the following primary @entity5 : @entity420 (n = 6), @entity2615 (n = 2), @entity957 (n = 1), @entity4153 (n = 1), and @entity4153 (n = 7). After femoral vein puncture, @entity5 -supplying pulmonary arteries were selectively explored, and 5 - 10 mg @entity1138 and 5 - 10 mL @entity4831 and microsphere particles (Spherex) (20 - 70 microm in diameter) were applied with balloon protection. Diagnosis and follow-up were performed in 4-week intervals with unenhanced and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). The mean follow-up was 11.3 months. RESULTS: Treatment was well tolerated by all @entity1 with no major side effects or complications. The laboratory parameters were not significantly influenced. 11.8 % of the @entity1 (n = 2) showed high or moderate @entity4831 uptake, and 76.5 % (n = 13) showed low @entity4831 uptake. After evaluation of morphologic criteria, a mean volume regression of 12.1 ml (40.4 %) of the embolized areas was achieved in four @entity1 (23.5 %), while a constant value was identified during follow-up for seven @entity1 (41.2 %). In six @entity1 (35.3 %), progression of the treated @entity2 was recorded. The @entity5 increased by a mean of 38.37 ml (165.38 %). CONCLUSION: TPCE is a well-tolerated palliative treatment option for @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: [Palliative treatment of XXXX with transpulmonary chemoembolization (TPCE)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'non-small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'primary lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['primary lung tumors']


abstract: Environmental chemicals may be involved in the etiology of @entity0 . There is substantial evidence that @entity0 risk is associated with prolonged exposure to female hormones. Among these hormonal influences a leading role is attributed to the ovarian hormone @entity53 , since @entity0 does not develop in the absence of ovaries. The @entity35 mammary gland has special characteristics that make it an ideal organ for studying development, cell proliferation and transformation. In vivo and in vitro model systems for cell proliferation and mammary @entity105 have allowed morphological and biochemical analysis under different experimental conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of @entity2607 , an @entity4833 inhibitor, as are the organophosphorous compounds malathion and parathion, and 17beta @entity53 on cell proliferation and @entity5 formation that takes place in the @entity35 mammary gland after in vivo and in vitro treatment. These studies showed that @entity2607 and 17beta @entity53 were capable of inducing @entity105 in the epithelium of @entity35 mammary glands. It was found that there was a significant increase in the number of cells per duct of the 44-day-old @entity35 mammary gland after the 10-day @entity2607 treatment, compared to the control. A higher increase was observed in the animals treated for 10 days with @entity2607 followed by 30-daily injections of @entity172 in comparison to control animals. In 12 animals, two @entity5 were directly developed in response to @entity53 injected at 39 days of age with a latency period of 180 and 245 days, respectively. Such @entity5 were metastatic to the lung. These results suggest that terminal end buds are major targets related to @entity35 mammary @entity105 and 17beta @entity53 can be an initiator and promoter in this process.

title: Cell proliferation and XXXX formation induced by @entity2607 , an @entity4833 inhibitor, in @entity35 mammary gland.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) from stimulation by checkerboard pattern reversal were examined in 54 rotogravure printers exposed to @entity8336 (all @entity1 , aged 22-64 years, duration of exposure 1-41 years). A control group consisted of 46 subjects (23 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ; aged 22-54 years). Compared with controls the exposed group showed more frequent responses with reduced reproducibility or absence of some waves, or both; the mean P1 wave latency was prolonged and mean amplitudes N1P1 and P1N2 were reduced. The VEPs were abnormal in 24% of workers. The frequency of abnormal VEPs correlated positively with the duration of exposure to @entity8336 and also with the degree of @entity167 drinking. No association was found between measurements of VEP and electroencephalogram (EEG) or electromyogram (EMG) examinations. A VEP measurement was made in 78% of the exposed workers two years after the first examination. No statistically significant difference between the two results was found. This suggests a marked stability of the observed VEP changes. These changes can be interpreted as a subclinical sign of dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) related to exposure to @entity8336 and also to @entity167 consumption.

title: Visual evoked potentials in rotogravure printers exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity8336 :: (MESH:D014050,Chemical) :: ['toluene']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A combination of systemic @entity792 and tissue response to @entity1200 underlie renal involvement in @entity1252 . In this review, we discuss recent literature investigating pathogenetic mechanisms of @entity1988 . RECENT FINDINGS: In @entity1988 , glomerular immune complexes were believed to be the primary mediators of @entity8 . Recent studies make it apparent that autoantibodies of multiple specificities participate in the formation of immune complexes, deposited in the kidneys. Renal infiltration by T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells have a dominant role in the progression of @entity1988 leading to @entity177 . Activation of Toll-like receptors modulates autoantibody production and systemic interferon responses. However, glomerular cell responses to @entity1200 influence disease outcome. In addition, new insights on the genetics of susceptibility to end-organ damage in @entity1988 have been discovered. Differential glomerular responses reflected in gene expression profiles during disease progression provide potential markers for diagnosis of @entity1988 progression and flares. In addition, studies of end-organ responses provide new targets for therapeutic interventions. SUMMARY: @entity1988 is a prototype of @entity7110 mediated by autoantibodies of multiple specificities, one of which is anti-DNA. @entity19 models of spontaneous @entity1252 have been critical for understanding the underlying disease. Recent studies demonstrate that in addition to systemic @entity792 , end-organ responses, and end-organ resistance to damage are also critical in determining disease outcome. This understanding should influence design of novel therapeutic approaches in @entity1252 .

title: Pathogenesis of XXXX in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity7110 :: ('MESH:D007105', 'Disease') :: ['immune complex disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus glomerulonephritis', 'lupus glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune injury']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: @entity5880 showing dilatation of all three coronary sinuses of Valsalva due to @entity884 is extremely rare. We present the first report of such a case complicated by @entity453 . The @entity1 was a 55-year-old @entity1 with a past history of untreated @entity6 , @entity385 , @entity337 and high-grade fever. He was admitted with a complaint of easy fatigability. In a treadmill exercise test, asymptomatic @entity308 of the ST segment was observed. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed marked dilatation of all three sinuses of Valsalva, and a mural @entity715 within the dilated right sinus of Valsalva. On magnetic resonance imaging, an abnormal signal in the markedly dilated right sinus of Valsalva was revealed. Coronary arteriography showed @entity453 (L1 type by Sharbaugh's classification). The histopathological features of the affected aorta were thought to represent the healing stage of @entity884 . With regard to the @entity741 in this @entity1 , it was thought to have arisen mainly through @entity337 and @entity453 due to single coronary artery, and partly influenced by untreated @entity6 .

title: A rare case of @entity5880 involving all three sinuses of Valsalva complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['Infective aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis', 'left single coronary artery']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['left single coronary artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scant information is available regarding @entity1 with @entity360 ( @entity360 ) from @entity5 . AIM: To determine the presentation, endoscopic findings, treatment and outcomes in @entity1 with @entity360 from @entity5 and identify risk factors associated with rebleeding. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 who were hospitalised with haematemesis, @entity476 or haematochezia and underwent upper endoscopy were identified retrospectively by reviewing an endoscopy database. @entity1 with @entity360 due to biopsy-proven @entity5 were studied. RESULTS: @entity5 were the source of @entity548 in 106 (5%) of 2,166 @entity1 with @entity360 . @entity5 were oesophageal in 17 (16%), gastric in 77 (73%) and duodenal in 12 (11%). At presentation, 84 (79%) did not have known @entity5 previously, and 79 (75%) had @entity3 . Seventy-seven (73%) received transfusions at index hospitalisation. At endoscopy, 32 (30%) had active @entity548 (31 oozing, 1 spurting). Among actively @entity548 @entity1 , haemostasis was achieved in 12 (86%) of 14 receiving endoscopic therapy and all 18 not receiving endoscopic treatment. Hospitalisation for rebleeding occurred in 50 (49%) of 103 at a median of 30 days (3-885). On multivariate analysis, age  <=60 years (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.06-5.81) and @entity1344 (OR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.08-5.46) were associated with rebleeding. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 presenting with @entity5 -associated @entity360 have substantial @entity190 , with three-quarters requiring transfusion at presentation. Initial haemostasis occurs in almost all @entity1 , with or without endoscopic therapy, but rebleeding requiring repeat hospitalisation occurs in approximately half the @entity1 and is more common in @entity1 who are  <=60 years of age and have @entity1344 at presentation.

title: Natural history of XXXX due to @entity5 : short-term success and long-term recurrence with or without endoscopic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'Tumours', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['UGIB', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['acute upper GI bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: : Several small studies have investigated the relationship among @entity174 , c-spine injuries, and @entity542 with varying results. Determining this correlation at a national level would be the first step in updating the @entity130 imaging protocol. The purpose of this study was to review the incidence of @entity174 , c-spine injuries, and @entity542 at @entity130 centers across the United States. METHODS: : The design was a retrospective chart review of International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, diagnosis and procedure codes from the National @entity130 Data Bank between the years 2002 and 2006. This included data on more than 2.7 million reported @entity130 . RESULTS: : The incidence of @entity174 was 13.5% in @entity1 with a c-spine injury, 21.7% in @entity1 with a @entity542 , and 24.0% of @entity1 with a combined c-spine and @entity542 . @entity542 were found in 40.2% of @entity1 with a c-spine injury, 67.9% of @entity1 with a @entity174 , and 71.5% of @entity1 with a combined c-spine injury and @entity174 . C-spine injuries were reported in 6.7% of @entity174 , 7.0% of @entity542 , and 7.8% of @entity1 with a combined @entity174 and @entity542 . CONCLUSIONS: : This is the largest review in history documenting these associations. Pending cost-benefit analysis, the current @entity130 imaging protocol may be challenged.

title: A nationwide review of the associations among cervical spine injuries, XXXX , and @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumas', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injuries', 'head injury', 'Head injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['facial fractures', 'facial fracture']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injuries']


abstract: The majority of clinically important allergens of @entity7130 ) and @entity8786 present enzymatic activity. The allergenic enzymes described include @entity462 proteases in group 1 allergens, trypsins in group 3, amylases in group 4, and chymotrypsins in group 6. Apart from these, other possibly allergenic enzymes also have been identified. Therefore, enzymatic profiles were studied during the 3 growth periods of the mite population--latency phase, exponential growth phase, and @entity204 phase. The activity of 19 different enzymes was analyzed by means of the Api Zym system, a method that has been used to study both mite extracts and other allergenic materials. Our study has demonstrated that the extracts contain a large variety of enzymes. It has been observed that enzymatic activity is caused exclusively by mites because the control carried out on the culture medium was negative for all the enzymes studied. Generally, the levels of diverse enzymatic activity increased with the growth of the culture, and decreased later, in both species. However, proteases are the exception; they maintain a high level of activity during the @entity204 phase of the cultured mites. The ratio between trypsin and chymotrypsin activity can be used as an excellent tool for quality control parameters during obtention of allergenic mite extracts.

title: Enzymatic analyses of house dust mite extracts from @entity7130 and XXXX (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) during different phases of culture growth.

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart, 1897']

answer: @entity8786 :: (6954,Species) :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity201 ( @entity201 ) have a poor prognosis, and their postoperative survival depends on @entity5 progression and recurrence. Thus, prognostic markers are needed. The fibrin cleavage product, D-dimer, is associated with malignant progression and recurrence in @entity5 , and platelets also are related to @entity5 progression. This study therefore evaluated a new @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ), for predicting prognosis in cases of @entity201 . METHODS: This study retrospectively evaluated 55 cases to determine the correlations of D-dimer, platelet, and @entity1423 levels with @entity1 survival. The cutoff values for D-dimer, platelets, and @entity1423 levels were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. RESULTS: The recurrence group exhibited significantly higher D-dimer (P  =  0.00075) and @entity1423 (P  =  0.0000683) levels and a trend toward higher platelet levels (P  =  0.117). The optimal cutoff values were 1.3    g/mL for D-dimer levels, 245  *  104/  L for platelet levels, and 158.2  *  104    g/mL  *    L for @entity1423 levels. Poor recurrence-free survival was associated with high D-dimer levels (P  =  0.0428), high platelet levels (P  =  0.0498), and high @entity1423 levels (P  =  0.00511). @entity5 -specific survival was associated with high platelet levels (P  =  0.0156) and high @entity1423 levels (P  =  0.0156). In the multivariate analysis, @entity1423 had the greatest correlation with @entity201 prognosis and independently predicted recurrence (P  =  0.00649). CONCLUSION: High D-dimer, platelet, and @entity1423 levels were associated with poor recurrence-free and @entity5 -specific survivals, with @entity1423 exhibiting the greatest correlation with prognosis. Therefore, @entity1423 may help to predict recurrence and prognosis for @entity1 with @entity201 .

title: A Novel Clinical Factor, D-Dimer Platelet Multiplication, May Predict Postoperative Recurrence and Prognosis for XXXX with @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'various cancers', 'cancer', 'Poor cancer']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['PDM', 'prognostic factor, D-dimer platelet multiplication']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hyaluronan has diverse biological activities depending on its molecular size. The hyaluronan fragments (50  kDa) can decrease adipogenic differentiation in  vitro. However, in  vivo anti-obesitic effects of hyaluronan fragments have not been elucidated. Therefore, we examined the anti- @entity28 effects of hyaluronan fragments on high-fat diet induced @entity28 in  C57BL/6 @entity19 . Oral administration of hyaluronan fragments (200  mg/kg for 8 weeks) decreased body weight, adipose tissues, serum lipid (low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity412 ), and leptin level. @entity8273 decreased the @entity1184 of adipose tissue and ameliorated @entity1560 . The mRNA expression of leptin was reduced in adipocyte by treatment with hyaluronan fragments. Additionally, hyaluronan fragments enhanced the mRNA expression of @entity3229 and its target genes @entity16171 and decreased mRNA expression of @entity3229 - y and @entity844 synthase in liver. In conclusions, hyaluronan fragments had marked effects on inhibiting the development of @entity28 in @entity28 @entity19 fed the high-fat diet. It suggested that enhancing @entity3229 and suppressing @entity3229 -y expression are two possible mechanisms for the anti-obesitic effect of hyaluronan fragments.

title: Anti- @entity28 potential of enzymatic fragments of hyaluronan on high-fat diet-induced @entity28 in C57BL/6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['Hyaluronan fragments']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Functional and postmortem studies suggest that the @entity550 ( @entity550 ) is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity162 ( @entity162 ). This anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study examined whether @entity162 @entity1 have smaller @entity550 gray matter volumes compared to healthy comparison subjects (HC). METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity162 @entity1 were compared to 28 age- and gender-matched HC. Subjects underwent a 1.5T MRI with 3D spoiled gradient recalled acquisition. Total @entity550 and medial and lateral subdivisions were manually traced by a blinded examiner. Images were segmented and gray matter volumes were calculated using an automated method. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance, with intracranial volume as covariate, showed that @entity162 @entity1 and HC did not differ in gray matter volumes of total @entity550 or its subdivisions. However, total @entity550 gray matter volume was significantly smaller in @entity308 @entity1 (n = 10) compared to euthymic @entity1 (n = 18). Moreover, total @entity550 gray matter volumes were inversely correlated with @entity308 symptom intensity, as assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. @entity550 gray matter volumes were not related to @entity1091 treatment, age at disease onset, number of episodes, or family history of @entity1316 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that abnormal @entity550 gray matter volumes are not a pervasive characteristic of @entity162 , but may be associated with specific clinical features of the disorder.

title: Orbitofrontal cortex gray matter volumes in @entity162 XXXX : a region-of-interest MRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['OFC', 'orbitofrontal cortex']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4090 (PRL)-secreting macroadenomas usually measure between 10 and 40  mm. Giant ( @entity652 size >= 40  mm) PRL- @entity5 are not common, and larger @entity2013 (maximal diameter >= 60  mm) are rare, and their management outcomes have not been well characterized. METHODS: We have identified 18 subjects (16 @entity1 , 2 females) with giant PRL- @entity652 (size >= 60  mm; PRL  >  1000  ng/ml) and summarized their characteristics and response to treatment. RESULTS: Mean age was 36.3      13.5  years (range 12-59  years). Mean @entity652 size was 71.8      10.2  mm (60-92  mm). Complaints at presentation included @entity10 in 11 @entity1 , @entity227 in 9, @entity250 in 9 males, and behavioral changes in two. Fourteen (78  %) had @entity227 . Mean PRL at presentation was 28,465  ng/ml (range 1300-270,000). All @entity1 were treated with @entity9229 (3.9      2.0  mg/week), except for one who received @entity2847 . Treatment achieved PRL normalization in 11/18 @entity1 within a median interval of 20  months. Visual improvement occurred in 12/14 @entity1 with pre-treatment @entity227 . Nine @entity1 underwent surgery (transsphenoidal, 7; transcranial, 2). None of the seven @entity1 with elevated PRL before surgery achieved remission post-operatively. After a follow-up of 7.8      5.1  years, 15/18 @entity1 had significant @entity652 shrinkage. Eleven @entity1 are normoprolactinemic, 3 are partially controlled ( @entity15931  *  ULN), and 4 remain with significantly elevated PRL. Most @entity1 reported disappearance or improvement of their complaints. CONCLUSIONS: These enormous PRL- @entity652 are invasive but respond fairly well to medical treatment. Long-term therapy with high dose @entity9229 together with a pituitary surgery in some @entity1 was the key for their successful management, achieving biochemical and clinical remission in most @entity1 .

title: XXXX larger than 60  mm in size: a cohort of massive and aggressive @entity4090 -secreting pituitary adenomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual abnormalities', 'visual deterioration', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['Giant prolactinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity29 ( @entity29 ), common in Melbourne, was rare but is now increasing in incidence in Hong Kong (HK). To investigate whether these are the same diseases in the West and East, potential causes of changing incidence, and to plan resource needs, an appreciation of clinical characteristics in contrasting populations is essential. METHODS: Disease characteristics were collected from prospectively populated @entity29 databases in two specialist centers in Melbourne, Australia and HK. RESULTS: Of 795 @entity1 ( @entity30 [ @entity30 ] : @entity31 [ @entity31 ] Melbourne 272:159 and HK 161:203), the age of diagnosis was higher, there were proportionally more male @entity1 with @entity30 but no @entity31 sex difference, fewer @entity1 were current or ex-smokers ( @entity30 8% vs 50%; @entity31 17% vs 35%) and a family history of @entity29 was less common (2% vs 11%; P < 0.001) in HK compared to Melbourne. Stricturing and perianal @entity30 were more common in HK (12% vs 6%; P < 0.001; and 29% vs 16%; P = 0.001, respectively). In HK for @entity31 , more @entity1 had @entity66 at diagnosis (42% vs 22%) but colectomy was less common (7% vs 20%; P < 0.001). In Melbourne there was greater steroid use at diagnosis and @entity1 were more likely to receive an immunomodulator or anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor agent. CONCLUSIONS: @entity29 in HK was diagnosed at an older age, and had more complicated disease behavior than in Melbourne. Medical therapy, however, was less intense in HK. These differences may relate to real differences in disease or delayed diagnosis due to late presentation and less disease recognition in HK.

title: Comparison of clinical characteristics and management of XXXX in Hong Kong versus Melbourne.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: In pituitary gonadotropes, @entity172 have biphasic actions to cause an initial negative feedback followed by a positive feedback on LH secretion, but the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. To investigate the feedback effects of @entity172 , we used mixed ovine pituitary cell cultures (48-72 h), which were treated with 10(-9) M @entity53 -17beta (E(2)) or vehicle followed by a pulse of 10(-9) M @entity1176 . Medium was collected for LH assay and cells extracted to determine activation of MAPK (phosphorylated @entity1366 ). E(2) treatment for 5 min reduced @entity1176 -induced LH release and caused phosphorylation of @entity1366 . E(2) alone also caused phosphorylation of @entity1366 , similar to the response evoked by @entity1176 alone. @entity1176 increased cytoplasmic intracellular free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) and this was abolished by 2 min pretreatment with E(2) or E-bovine serum albumen conjugate. Blockade of @entity141 channels with @entity594 had no effect on the initial peak of @entity1176 -induced increase in [ @entity141 ](i) but reduced its duration by 27 +/- 6%. Depletion of intracellular @entity141 stores with @entity2426 prevented @entity1176 -induced increase in [ @entity141 ](i). @entity2426 (10(-7) M) or @entity594 (10(-5) M) pretreatment (15 min) of cells lowered @entity1176 -induced LH secretion by 30 +/- 6 and 50% +/- 4%, respectively. We conclude that inhibition of the @entity1176 -induced increase in [ @entity141 ](i) in gonadotropes by E(2) is a likely mechanism for the negative feedback effect of E(2) on LH secretion involving a rapid nongenomic effect of E(2). Activation of the MAPK pathway by E(2) may be the mechanism for the time-delayed positive feedback effect on LH secretion at the level of the gonadotrope.

title: XXXX -17beta inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced @entity141 in gonadotropes to regulate negative feedback on luteinizing hormone release.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin', 'thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['Estradiol']


abstract: @entity2040 , caused by @entity281 by @entity1 @entity1503 (Trematoda), continues to disrupt the lives of over 200,000,000 @entity1 in over 70 countries, inflicting misery and precluding the individuals' otherwise reasonable expectations of productive lives. Infection requires contact with freshwater in which infected snails (the intermediate hosts of schistosomes) have released cercariae larvae. Habitats suitable for the host snails continue to expand as a consequence of water resource development. No vaccine is available, and resistance has emerged towards the single licensed schistosomicide drug. Since @entity1 @entity281 would cease if parasite @entity281 in snails were prevented, efforts are being made to discover requirements of intra-molluscan development of these parasites. Wherever @entity1503 occur, naturally resistant conspecific snails are present. To understand the mechanisms used by parasites to ensure their survival in immunocompetent hosts, one must comprehend the interior defense mechanisms that are available to the host. For one intermediate host snail ( @entity10300 ) and @entity2439 for which it serves as vector, molecular genetic and proteomic surveys for genes and proteins influencing the outcomes on @entity281 are yielding lists of candidates. A comparative approach drawing on data from studies in divergent species provides a robust basis for hypothesis generation to drive decisions as to which candidates merit detailed further investigation. For example, reactive @entity26 and @entity1568 species are known mediators or effectors in battles between infectious agents and their hosts. An approach targeting genes involved in relevant pathways has been fruitful in the @entity380 -- @entity10300 parasitism, leading to discovery of a functionally relevant gene set (encoding enzymes responsible for the leukocyte respiratory burst) that associates significantly with host resistance phenotype. This review summarizes advances in the understanding of strategies used by both this @entity2439 parasite and its molluscan host to ensure their survival.

title: Successful parasitism of vector snail @entity10300 by the @entity1 blood fluke ( XXXX ) @entity380 : a 2009 assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity10300 :: ('6526', 'Species') :: ['Biomphalaria glabrata', 'B. glabrata']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood flukes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2439 :: ('MESH:D014201', 'Disease') :: ['trematodes', 'trematode']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['Schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2439 :: (MESH:D014201,Disease) :: ['trematode']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Increased mortality in @entity1 with @entity161 , compared to the general population, has been consistently reported worldwide. This mortality has been attributed predominantly to "unnatural" deaths-suicide, accidents, and homicide. Recent studies have shown an increase in natural causes of @entity204 . Our objective is to compare the mortality of @entity161 and schizoaffective subjects to the general US population. METHODS: 319 Olmsted County residents meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for @entity161 or @entity914 seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1950 and 1980 were followed until February 2005 for a median of 23.5 years. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up, 44% of @entity1 were deceased. Mortality was significantly (p<0.001) increased compared to the Caucasian population in the US for @entity1 of like age, gender, and calendar year of birth. The median survival following diagnosis was 36.2 years. Death certificate cited cause of @entity204 was cardiac (29%), @entity5 --including lung (19%), and @entity358 (17%). Concerningly, there was no association with the year of diagnosis to survival. CONCLUSIONS: Tsuang and colleagues showed in 1975 that mortality in schizophrenics and later, those with @entity914 was significantly increased compared to the US general population. Thirty years later, with a demographically similar population, we have found the same pattern of increased mortality. In light of continued improvements in the general population's lifespan, the survival gap in @entity914 appears to be increasing.

title: Mortality in @entity161 and XXXX : an Olmsted County, Minnesota cohort: 1950-2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder', 'schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['schizoaffective disorder']


abstract: Toxic effects of yellow oleander (Thevetia neriifolia Juss) seed kernels were evaluated against the @entity5698 ( @entity5698 Linn). Crushed ground seed kernels were fed with bait at 20 and 30% concentrations. The bait was fed up to mortality or for a maximum of 10 d. Major signs of @entity4968 observed were hind limb @entity912 , rolling of the body on the long axis, circular flailing of the tail, muscular twitch, tetanic @entity410 , @entity400 , collapse and @entity204 . Significant reductions in the @entity35 ' weights were observed. The observed mortalities were 16/20 and 18/20 with the above respective doses. Statistically significant reductions in hemoglobin, red blood cell count, total leucocyte count and neutrophils, and increased lymphocytes were observed. Reductions in blood @entity413 and serum proteins, and increased lymphocytes were observed. Reductions in blood @entity413 and serum proteins, and increased BUN, SGOT and LDH, were also significant. Histopathological studies showed inflammatory and degenerative changes in the liver and kidney. Severe to moderate @entity1560 , congestion, hepatocytolysis, @entity528 , pyknosis, and @entity39 were major changes in the liver. Proliferation of glomerular endothelium, hypercellularity of the glomerulus, @entity39 of convoluted tubular epithelium, disappearance of nuclei and pyknosis were important changes in the kidney cortical region. Atrophy, @entity2681 and inflammatory changes were observed in the stomach mucosal linings.

title: The toxicity of yellow oleander (Thevetia neriifolia juss) seed kernels to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty metamorphosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5698 :: ('10117', 'Species') :: ['Rattus rattus', 'roof rat']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['nuclear degeneration']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A 58-year-old @entity1375 @entity1 developed @entity1183 in the extremities and muscular @entity1184 without @entity158 . Needle electromyography was normal. Nerve conduction study revealed severe entrapment and impaired conduction velocity. Muscle biopsy demonstrated small group atrophy, scattered @entity1184 , interstitial @entity82 and subsarcolemmal vaculoes. These vacuoles were stained dark with @entity2125 -TR. On electron microscopy these vacuoles were filled with aggregated mitochondria and glycogen particles. These myopathological findings have been rarely described in @entity241 or @entity32126 in the literature. Sural nerve biopsy revealed a loss of myelinated fibers in large diameter and relative increase in small diameter fibers. Teased fiber examination @entity17 . The nerve biopsy findings indicate slowly progressive axonopathy. In @entity241 , associated @entity1897 may play some role in the manifestation of clinical signs and symptoms including @entity425 and some @entity132 .

title: [A case of @entity241 with XXXX and various pathological findings in muscle biopsy].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demonstrated segmental demyelination']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic fibers', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ["Hoffmann's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity32126 :: ('MESH:C537211', 'Disease') :: ['Kocher-Debr  -Semelaigne syndrome']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between @entity5 diameter and clinicopathologic characteristics and metastatic potential in small (< or = 4 cm) @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: A total of 350 @entity1 with an age range of 24-84 years (median, 54) were included in the study. @entity1 were categorized according to @entity5 diameter into 3 groups: < or = 2, 2.1-3.0, and 3.1-4.0 cm. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, sex, histologic type, pathologic stage, and Fuhrman's grade according to @entity5 diameter. @entity5 size did not predict synchronous @entity3 . Distant @entity3 at diagnosis were documented in 2.1%, 1.6%, and 0.0% in @entity1 with @entity1358 of diameter < or = 2, 2.1-3, and 3.1-4 cm, respectively. During follow-up, recurrence or @entity3 developed in 11 @entity1 (3.5%) with a median time to @entity3 of 43 months (range 7-104) in 345 @entity1 with localized (N0M0) @entity1358 . @entity3 were diagnosed in 2 @entity1 (0.9%) with @entity1358 < or = 3 cm and in 9 @entity1 (7.0%) with @entity1358 3.1-4.0 cm. Significant difference was noted in @entity3 -free survival among groups (P = .023). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that only @entity5 diameter was an independent predictor of @entity3 -free survival (Hazard ratio, 5.344; 95% confidence interval, 1.137-25.127; P = .034). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that risk of metachronous @entity3 , but not synchronous @entity3 , increases in @entity1358 of diameter > 3.0 cm.

title: Metachronous metastatic potential of small @entity1358 : dependence on XXXX size.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'Metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis and rehabilitation of @entity393 are mandatory in order to achieve a satisfactory linguistic and cognitive development. A universal hearing screening in order to identify @entity393 before 3 months of age is required. METHODS: @entity392 are an easy to perform, short lasting, not invasive and low-cost test with a high sensitivity. 320 at term new-borns (640 ears) without any risk factor for @entity393 underwent @entity392 . The new-borns were screened 3 days after birth. Those who failed the first test were retested when possible before the discharge from the hospital. ABR was performed 3 months later in cases who failed TEOAE. RESULTS: The median TEOAE sampling time was 98 s, the median test duration was 14 min. The mean stimulus amplitude was 80 dB peSPL in the left ear and 81 dB peSPL in the right ear, noise levels within the external meatus during sampling were 44 dB @entity16811 on the right ear and 43 dB @entity16811 on the left one, noise contained within the response (A-B difference) was 8.65 dB @entity16811 in the left ear and 8.74 dB @entity16811 in the right ear, mean @entity392 amplitudes were 21.49 dB @entity16811 and 21.78 dB @entity16811 in the right and left ear respectively, the mean lower and upper limit of the spectrum being 678 and 5720 Hz. According to these criteria 494/640 ears (77.2%) passed the test at the first recording, while @entity392 resulted to be absent in 146/640 ears (22.8%). A retest was performed successfully before the discharge from the Hospital in 30/640 ears (4.7%). An ABR recording within the third month of life was scheduled as out- @entity1 in the 58 new-borns (116 ears, 18.2%) who failed the test. 18 of them (36 ears, 5.6%) did not complete the program, 19 new-borns (38 ears, 11.8%) showed a normal ABR, while two new-borns (four ears, 0.6%) failed ABR after 3 months. A second ABR performed after 6 months was normal. CONCLUSIONS: @entity392 recording seems at now the test of choice for a universal hearing screening. However, a greater standardization of criteria both in performing the test and in evaluating the results is needed.

title: XXXX ( @entity392 ) in new-borns: normative data.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hearing loss', 'congenital hearing losses', 'hearing loss']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasing in dermatology. Antibiotic resistance and the challenges of @entity10211 therapy have led to investigation of PDT in the treatment of @entity5477 . OBJECTIVE: To review the results of clinical trials and case series with respect to light source, topical photosensitizing agent, adverse events, efficacy and skin type. METHODS: A non-critical review is presented of a PubMed search for studies examining PDT in the treatment of @entity5477 . RESULTS: The authors found 21 clinical trials and case series of various designs. Eight studies employed a split-face design comparing photosensitizer to placebo, no treatment or another photosensitizer. Two trials used three test spots and one control spot per @entity1 . Three studies utilized control subjects receiving no photosensitizer with or without light therapy. All 21 studies reported a reduction in inflammatory lesions and/or a significant improvement in acne. The light sources utilized included blue light, pulsed-dye laser (PDL), intense pulsed light (IPL) and red light. Studies comparing the use of PDT to light therapy alone demonstrated greater improvement in treatment groups pretreated with a photosensitizer. CONCLUSION: All studies reported reduction in inflammatory lesions or significant improvement in acne. Several studies confirm a light source combined with photosensitizer is superior to light alone. Adverse reactions including photosensitivity, @entity203 , and crusting varied among photosensitizers and light sources. PDT appears to be a useful therapeutic option for acne @entity1 who are recalcitrant to standard treatments and poor candidates for systemic @entity4878 . Further studies are still needed before a consensus protocol can be established. Additional investigations are needed to establish optimal incubation time, activating light source and frequency of treatment.

title: A review of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['pustular eruptions']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

answer: @entity5477 :: (MESH:D000152,Disease) :: ['acne vulgaris']


abstract: In this study, we analyzed long-term survival, limb function and associated complications after prosthetic limb salvage treatment in @entity1 with @entity2721 around the knee joint. A total of 63 @entity1 treated with prosthetic limb salvage surgery around the knee were reviewed. The @entity3478 involved the distal femur in 45 @entity1 , the proximal tibia in 14 @entity1 and the soft tissue @entity5 of the proximal lower leg in 4 @entity1 . The median follow-up period after the first operation was 8.0  years. The medical records of the @entity1 , surgical reports, radiographs and histological specimens were retrospectively reviewed. The 5-year overall survival rate was 63.2% in the @entity1 with distal femur @entity5 and 86.2% in those with @entity5 of the proximal lower leg. The 5  -year prosthetic survival rate was 72.8% in the distal femur and 74.6% in the proximal lower leg. The mean functional score according to the scoring system of the @entity85 Society (MSTS) was 81% in the @entity1 with distal femur @entity5 and 82% in the @entity1 with proximal lower leg @entity5 . @entity532 occurred in 27 @entity1 . Limb salvage surgery is considered to be an effective treatment option. However, the high complication rate is a major concern for prosthetic replacement. Future improvements of prostheses are very important.

title: Prosthetic limb salvage surgery for XXXX around the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bone and soft tissue tumors']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']

answer: @entity2721 :: (MESH:D018213,Disease) :: ['bone and soft tissue tumors']