abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity13736 ( @entity13737 ), an anti- @entity1066 drug, has been reported to induce @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) in several animal organs. Purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity13737 has protective effect on @entity801 (GM) @entity2167 and whether it induces @entity18273 in @entity35 cochlea. METHODS: We used cochlea explant culture from postnatal 5-day @entity35 . Explants were pre-incubated with @entity13737 , then incubated with GM and @entity13737 . The number of surviving outer hair cells (OHCs) labeled by @entity6286 was counted to evaluate the protective effect of @entity13737 . The expression of @entity18273 in whole cochlea tissue was investigated by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: The number of surviving OHCs was significantly high in @entity13737 10(-5)M group compared to GM only group and @entity13737 10(-6)M group. In the immunoblot analysis, @entity18273 levels in @entity13737 added groups were slightly high compared to simple culture group, but much lower than those in @entity1457 group. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that @entity13737 -induced @entity18273 , and had partial protective effects on GM @entity2167 in the cochlea. @entity13737 has possibility to be safe and useful treatment drug for @entity74 .

title: Effect of @entity13736 on XXXX @entity2167 in @entity35 cochlea culture.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity13736 :: ('MESH:C031049', 'Chemical') :: ['Geranylgeranylacetone']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cochlea disorder']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) is a secular meditation training program that reduces @entity308 . Little is known, however, about the degree to which a @entity1 's spiritual and religious background, or other demographic characteristics associated with risk for @entity308 , may affect the effectiveness of @entity1642 . Therefore, this study tested whether individual differences in religiosity, spirituality, motivation for spiritual growth, trait mindfulness, sex, and age affect @entity1642 effectiveness. METHODS: As part of an open trial, multiple regression was used to analyze variation in depressive symptom outcomes among 322 adults who enrolled in an 8-week, community-based @entity1642 program. RESULTS: As hypothesized, depressive symptom severity decreased significantly in the full study sample (d=0.57; p<0.01). After adjustment for baseline symptom severity, moderation analyses revealed no significant differences in the change in @entity308 following @entity1642 as a function of spirituality, religiosity, trait mindfulness, or demographic variables. Paired t tests found consistent, statistically significant (p<0.01) reductions in @entity308 across all subgroups by religious affiliation, intention for spiritual growth, sex, and baseline symptom severity. After adjustment for baseline symptom scores, age, sex, and religious affiliation, a significant proportion of variance in post- @entity1642 @entity308 was uniquely explained by changes in both spirituality (b=-0.15; p=0.006) and mindfulness (b=-0.17; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity1642 , a secular meditation training program, is associated with improved @entity308 regardless of affiliation with a religion, sense of spirituality, trait level of mindfulness before @entity1642 training, sex, or age. Increases in both mindfulness and daily spiritual experiences uniquely explained improvement in @entity308 .

title: Decreased symptoms of XXXX after mindfulness-based stress reduction: potential moderating effects of religiosity, spirituality, trait mindfulness, sex, and age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['MBSR', 'Mindfulness-based stress reduction']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several antiviral therapies are now available for @entity1 with @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ), but the most cost-effective strategy for Chinese @entity1 is unclear. The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term cost effectiveness of the antiviral treatments (lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine and entecavir) for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive @entity6194 @entity1 in China. METHODS: A Markov model was used to simulate the life-time (41-year time span) costs and effectiveness associated with antiviral treatments from the perspective of Chinese healthcare. Relative model parameters were derived from Chinese population studies. Costs and effectiveness were discounted at 5  %. The highest retail prices for generic and branded drug prices were also considered. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and one-way sensitivity analysis were used to explore model uncertainties. RESULTS: In the base-case analysis, the least quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were obtained with adefovir as the reference strategy. Lamivudine generated the highest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), with an additional US 35,000 needed to gain one additional QALY for generic drugs and US 36,000 for branded drugs. Entecavir had the lowest ICER of US 7,600 and US 9,100, respectively. The projected 10-year cumulative incidences of compensated @entity82 , decompensated @entity82 , @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and mortality for entecavir were lower than the other strategies. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, entecavir was the preferred option at a threshold of US 18,924 per QALY. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with HBeAg-positive @entity6194 in China, entecavir is a cost-effective option compared with other therapies for @entity6194 .

title: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Antiviral Therapies for Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B', 'CHB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity1486 (PSA) outcome after radical prostatectomy (RP) for @entity263 in African-American and white @entity1 using previously established risk groups. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 2000, 2,036 @entity1 (n = 162 African-American @entity1 , n = 1,874 white @entity1 ) underwent RP for clinically localized @entity263 . Using pretreatment PSA, Gleason score, clinical T stage, and percentage of positive biopsy specimens, @entity1 were stratified into low- and high-risk groups. For each risk group, PSA outcome was estimated using the actuarial method of Kaplan and Meier. Comparisons of PSA outcome between African-American and white @entity1 were made using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median age and PSA level for African-American and white @entity1 were 60 and 62 years old and 8.8 and 7.0 ng/mL, respectively. African-Americans had a statistically significant increase in PSA (P =.002), Gleason score (P =.003), clinical T stage (P =.004), and percentage of positive biopsy specimens (P =.04) at presentation. However, there was no statistical difference in the distribution of PSA, clinical T stage, or Gleason score between racial groups in the low- and high-risk groups. The 5-year estimate of PSA outcome was 87% in the low-risk group for all @entity1 (P =.70) and 28% versus 32% in African-American and white @entity1 in the high-risk group (P =.28), respectively. Longer follow-up is required to confirm if these results are maintained at 10 years. CONCLUSION: Even though African-American @entity1 presented at a younger age and with more @entity1442 compared with white @entity1 with @entity263 , PSA outcome after RP when controlled for known clinical predictive factors was not statistically different. This study supports earlier screening in African-American @entity1 .

title: Impact of race on XXXX outcome after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify factors affecting @entity432 after stent placement in the portal vein in @entity1 with malignant portal vein invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 were studied. Twenty-three @entity1 had @entity157 , nine @entity1 had @entity788 , and eight @entity1 had @entity1126 . Stents were placed in the portal venous system across stenotic (n = 28) or obstructive (n = 12) lesions after percutaneous transhepatic portography. Bare stents were used in 33 @entity1 and covered stents were used in seven @entity1 . Twenty-two variables were analyzed with use of univariate and multivariate analyses to identify significant factors affecting @entity432 . RESULTS: Stents remained patent during a mean follow-up period of 11.9 months (range, 2-61 mo) in 60% of the @entity1 . @entity432 was found in 40% of the @entity1 , with a mean period until occlusion of 3.7 months (range, 0.2-16 mo). In the univariate analysis, the following five factors were significantly associated with a higher probability of @entity432 : (i) splanchnic vein involvement, (ii) @entity1 -Pugh class C, (iii) obstruction of the portal venous system, (iv) @entity788 , and (v) lack of anticancer treatment after stent placement. In the multivariate analysis, the first three factors were found to have independent value for @entity432 . CONCLUSIONS: Splanchnic vein involvement, severe @entity409 , and obstruction of the portal venous system are the most important factors affecting @entity432 in @entity1 with malignant portal vein invasion.

title: XXXX treated by stent placement: significant factors affecting patency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['stent occlusion', 'Stent occlusion']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Malignant portal venous obstructions']


abstract: In this study we exchanged portions of the @entity9925 type 1 (PV1) hydrophobic domain within the membrane-associated polypeptide 3AB for the analogous sequences from @entity12821 ). The sequence exchanges were based upon a previous report in which the 22 @entity535 hydrophobic region was subdivided into two domains, I and II, the latter of which was shown to be required for membrane association (J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996), 26810). Using these divisions, the @entity12821 sequences were cloned into the complete @entity9925 type 1 cDNA sequence. RNAs transcribed from these cDNAs were transfected into HeLa cell monolayers and used in HeLa cell-free translation/replication assays. The data indicated that 3AB sequences from PV1 and @entity12821 are interchangeable; however, the substitutions cause a range of significant RNA replication defects, and in some cases, protein processing defects. Following transfection of RNAs encoding the domain substitutions into HeLa cell monolayers, virus isolates were harvested, and the corresponding viral RNAs were sequenced. The sequence data revealed that for the @entity1473 -terminal domain substitutions (domain II), multiple @entity377 changes were identified in the first, second, and third positions of different codons. In addition, the data indicated that for one of the PV1/ @entity12821 chimeras to replicate, compensatory mutations within @entity9925 protein 2B may be required.

title: Functional conservation of the hydrophobic domain of polypeptide 3AB between human rhinovirus and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MADS domain transcription factors play important roles in various developmental processes in flowering plants. Members of this family play a prominent role in the transition to flowering and the specification of floral organ identity. Several studies reported mRNA expression patterns of the genes encoding these MADS domain proteins, however, these studies do not provide the necessary information on the temporal and spatial localisation of the proteins. We have made GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP) translational fusions with the four MADS domain proteins @entity58812 , AGAMOUS, FRUITFULL and @entity29398 from the model plant @entity958 and analysed the protein localisation patterns in living plant tissues by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS: We unravelled the protein localisation patterns of the four MADS domain proteins at a cellular and subcellular level in inflorescence and floral meristems, during development of the early flower bud stages, and during further differentiation of the floral organs. The protein localisation patterns revealed a few deviations from known mRNA expression patterns, suggesting a non-cell autonomous action of these factors or alternative control mechanisms. In addition, we observed a change in the subcellular localisation of @entity58812 from a predominantly nuclear localisation to a more cytoplasmic localisation, occurring specifically during petal and stamen development. Furthermore, we show that the down-regulation of the homeodomain transcription factor @entity30456 in ovular tissues is preceded by the occurrence of both AGAMOUS and @entity58812 proteins, supporting the hypothesis that both proteins together suppress @entity30456 expression in the ovule. CONCLUSION: This approach provides a highly detailed in situ map of MADS domain protein presence during early and later stages of floral development. The subcellular localisation of the transcription factors in the cytoplasm, as observed at certain stages during development, points to mechanisms other than transcriptional control. Together this information is essential to understand the role of these proteins in the regulatory processes that drive floral development and leads to new hypotheses.

title: In planta localisation patterns of MADS domain proteins during floral development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: @entity6579 (lyso-PC) and @entity3899 are products of @entity2434 hydrolysis by phospholipase A(2). In this study, the modulation of @entity3899 release by exogenous lyso-PC in @entity35 heart myoblastic H9c2 cells was examined. Incubation of H9c2 cells with lyso-PC resulted in an enhanced release of @entity3899 in both a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Lyso-PC species containing @entity17369 (C(16:0)) or @entity26995 (C(18:0)) groups evoked the highest amount of @entity3899 release, while other lysophospholipid species were relatively ineffective. Cells treated with phospholipase A(2) inhibitors resulted in the attenuation of the enhanced @entity3899 release in the presence of lyso-PC. Lyso-PC caused the translocation of phospholipase A(2) from the cytosol to the membrane fraction and induced an increase in @entity141 flux from the medium into the cells. @entity3931 , a specific @entity141 -channel blocker, partially attenuated the lyso-PC-induced rise in intracellular @entity141 . Concurrent with @entity141 influx, lyso-PC caused an enhancement of protein kinase C activity. The lyso-PC-induced @entity3899 release was attenuated when cells were pre-incubated with specific protein kinase C and mitogen activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that the lyso-PC-induced increases in levels of intracellular @entity460 and stimulation of protein kinase C lead to the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) which results in the enhancement of @entity3899 release in H9c2 cells.

title: @entity6579 induces arachidonic acid release and XXXX overload in cardiac myoblastic H9c2 cells.

entities_list: @entity26995 :: ('CHEBI:26753', 'Chemical') :: ['stearoyl']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['Nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity17369 :: ('CHEBI:45021', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoyl']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic nonhealing wounds are the norm in @entity1 with @entity74 (EB), especially those with @entity4240 ( @entity4240 ). A possible benefit in wound healing after subcutaneous treatment with @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) was suggested from an anecdotal report of a @entity1 given this during stem cell mobilization before bone-marrow transplantation. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether benefit in wound healing in @entity4240 skin might result after 6 daily doses of @entity1261 and to confirm its safety. METHODS: @entity1 were assessed for changes in total @entity4530 and erosion counts, surface areas of selected wounds, and specific symptomatology after treatment. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 with @entity4240 (recessive, 6; dominant, 1) were treated daily with subcutaneous @entity1261 (10  g/kg/dose) and reevaluated on day 7. For all @entity1 combined, median reductions of 75.5% in lesional size and 36.6% in blister/erosion counts were observed. When only the 6 responders were considered, there were median reductions of 77.4% and 38.8% of each of these measured parameters, respectively. No adverse side effects were noted. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include small @entity1 number, more than 1 @entity4240 subtype included, and lack of untreated age-matched control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous @entity1261 may be beneficial in promoting wound healing in some @entity1 with @entity4240 when conventional therapies fail.

title: Systemic XXXX ( @entity1261 ) enhances wound healing in @entity4240 ( @entity4240 ): Results of a pilot trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['body blister']

entities_list: @entity4240 :: ('MESH:D016108', 'Disease') :: ['DEB', 'dystrophic EB']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited epidermolysis bullosa']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: Whether anesthetic technique affected the incidence of @entity741 in 60 @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy was investigated. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity1508 or @entity5161 (with @entity3810 ) either at a low concentration alone or at a higher concentration with @entity2647 added to support blood pressure. Blood pressure was maintained within 20% of each @entity1 's average ward systolic pressure. Seven leads of electrocardiograms (ECG) and echocardiograms were analyzed for segmental wall motion. The echocardiograms were analyzed using standard formulae for @entity299 ( @entity299 ) and rate-corrected velocity of fiber shortening (Vcfc). Because of the nature of these calculations, only echocardiograms with normal regional wall motion could be accurately analyzed. The @entity1 had postoperative ECG and @entity1011 phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzyme determinations and regularly scheduled clinical examinations to detect perioperative @entity583 and @entity51 . Although blood pressures were similar, the @entity1 who received a higher concentration of anesthetic plus @entity2647 had a higher wall stress, regardless of the choice of anesthetic agent. All four techniques allowed provision of the same stump pressures (the marker surgeons used for adequacy of collateral carotid flow). No difference could be found in wall stress or incidence of @entity741 between @entity5161 and @entity1508 . The @entity1 who received @entity2647 had a threefold greater incidence of @entity741 than did the @entity1 who had light anesthesia to maintain similar systolic blood pressures and stump pressures. The groups were demographically and hemodynamically similar; in particular, the heart rates were not different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Does anesthetic technique make a difference? Augmentation of systolic blood pressure during carotid endarterectomy: effects of XXXX versus light anesthesia and of @entity5161 versus @entity1508 on the incidence of @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['SWS', 'end-systolic meridional wall stress']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['phenylephrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Here we investigated postoperative prognostic factors and surveillance in @entity1 with @entity418 . METHODOLOGY Prognostic factors were evaluated at several different postoperative stages in 257 @entity1 with curative (R0) esophagectomy. Cause of @entity204 and pattern of @entity5 recurrence were also analyzed. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the distribution of cause of @entity204 according to the time after surgery (p<0.001). The pattern of recurrence also differed according to the time after surgery, although this was not statistically significant. A Cox proportional regression hazard model for disease-specific survival revealed that @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage was an independent prognostic factor only from the time of initial surgery until the third postoperative year, and no postoperative prognostic factors were detected after the fourth and fifth years. There were significant differences in disease-specific survival among pathological @entity5 stages between the time of initial surgery and postoperative year five, but not between stages I and II at postoperative years two, three, or four. There were no significant differences between the stages at postoperative year five. Relapse-free survival differed between stages II and III at postoperative year five, although the other results were similar to those for disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Prognostic factors for @entity418 alter during the postoperative period. Although the pathological stage at the time of initial surgery has less prognostic power after 3 years, it remains important to monitor treatments for @entity418 continuously, as well as concomitant diseases and other @entity5 .

title: Postoperative surveillance and prognostic factors in XXXX with @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'TNM', 'Tumor-Node-Metastasis', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrence rates after repair of incisional and @entity4037 range from 18% to 52%. Prosthetic open repair has decreased this rate, but the wide fascial dissection it requires increases the complication rate. Laparoscopic repair is a safe and effective alternative. @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed including 86 @entity1 (63 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 54 years (range 29-79 years) having incisional or @entity4037 who underwent laparoscopic repair in our institution between July 1994 and October 2001. The majority of the @entity1 were @entity28 with a mean body mass index of 31.7 kg/m2. The abdominal wall defect size ranged from 2 X 1 cm to 20 X 13 cm. In all cases, a Gore-Tex mesh (Dual Mesh, W.L. Gore _ Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) was used in sizes ranging from 10 X 15 cm to 20 X 30 cm. RESULTS: Nineteen repairs were performed for recurrent @entity547 (12 incisional and 7 ventral). The mean operative time was 110.3 minutes (range 50-240 minutes). There was one open conversion (1.2%), one intraoperative complication (1.2%), and no deaths. There were no wound or mesh infections. Immediate @entity260 occurred in 9 @entity1 (10.6%) and late complications occurred in 16 @entity1 (18.8%). The average hospital stay was 4.8 days (range 2-19 days). During a mean follow-up of 37 months (range 6-73 months), there were 6 @entity547 recurrences (7%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic repair of incisional @entity547 and @entity4037 appears to be safe, especially with the use of Gore-Tex mesh, and is proving to be effective as it decreases @entity158 , complications, hospital stay, and recurrences.

title: Laparoscopic tension-free repair of anterior abdominal wall incisional and XXXX with an intraperitoneal Gore-Tex mesh: prospective study and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia', 'ventral hernias']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An ideal vaccine against mucosal pathogens such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) should confer sustained, protective immunity at both systemic and mucosal levels. Here, we evaluated the in vivo systemic and mucosal antigen-specific immune responses induced by a single intramuscular (i.m.) or intragastric (i.g.) administration of recombinant adenoviral type 5 (Ad5) or type 41 ( @entity21076 )-based vaccines expressing the MERS-CoV spike (S) protein. Administration of either Ad5-S or @entity21076 -S via i.g. induced antigen-specific IgG and neutralising antibody in serum; however, antigen-specific T cell responses were not detected. In contrast, after a single dose Ad5-S or @entity21076 -S administered via i.m., functional antigen-specific T cell responses were elicited in the spleen and pulmonary lymphocytes of the @entity19 , which persisted for several months. Both rAd-based vaccines administered via i.m. induced systemic humoral immune responses (neutralising IgG antibodies). Our results show that a single dose of Ad5-S or @entity21076 -S based vaccines represent an appealing strategy for the control of MERS-CoV infection and transmission. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Systemic and mucosal immunity in XXXX elicited by a single immunisation with human adenovirus type 5 or 41 vector-based vaccines carrying the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3657 Background: The survival of @entity1 (pts) with metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) has increased recently with the introduction of newer agents. Yet, there remains a need for more effective second- and third-line therapy. We conducted a phase II study to examine an oral combination regimen, @entity416 and @entity2816 (Cape/Thal), in @entity1 with previously treated, refractory metastatic @entity14 . METHODS: @entity1 with stage IV @entity14 who had received one or more prior chemotherapy regimens were eligible. Treatment consisted of @entity416 at 1,000 mg/m(2) po BID for 14 days every 3 weeks and @entity2816 starting at 200 mg po daily continuously. @entity2816 was escalated individually to 600 mg po daily as tolerated. We analyzed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) along with response and @entity137 rates. RESULTS: Thirty-four eligible @entity1 were enrolled: median age = 57 (35-73), M/F = 24/10, ECOG PS 0/1 = 22/12. All @entity1 had recieved prior chemotherapy and 19 pts (56%) had received 2 or 3 prior regimens. The median number of Cape/Thal cycles administered was 3 (range: 1-15). Treatment was well tolerated; grade 3/4 @entity137 included @entity1295 (15%), venous @entity1031 (15%), @entity2147 (12%) and @entity1142 (9%). Grade 2 @entity8566 occurred in 5 pts (15%). There were no radiographic responses, but 5 pts (17%) acheived a decline in serum CEA of 50% or greater and 13 pts (38%) acheived stable disease. The median PFS was 2.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2-3.9) and the median OS was 7.1 months (95% CI = 5.2-12). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity416 and @entity2816 was well tolerated in this @entity1 population. Despite the lack of radiographic responses, the rate of disease stabilization and overall survival observed in this heavily pre-treated cohort suggests that this regimen may offer some clinical benefit. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity416 and @entity2816 in previously treated, refractory metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We examined the effects of the antioxidant propolis on @entity410 induced by @entity4176 (KA). @entity35 received propolis (75 and 150 mg/kg, p.o.) five times at 12 h intervals. KA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 1 h after the last propolis treatment. Pretreatment with propolis significantly attenuated KA-induced @entity410 and KA-induced increases in hippocampal AP-1 DNA binding activity in a dose-dependent manner. KA induced increases in the levels of @entity1234 and protein @entity6738 , and a decrease in the ratio of @entity2197 / @entity9492 . These oxidative stresses and @entity528 were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with propolis. The neuroprotective effects of propolis appeared to be counteracted by @entity859 receptor antagonists [A1 antagonist, @entity37508 (25 or 50 microg/kg); A2A antagonist, @entity49391 (0.5 or 1 mg/kg); and A2B antagonist, @entity21171 (1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg)]. However, this counteraction was most pronounced in the presence of the A1 antagonist. Our results suggest that the protective effect of propolis against KA-induced @entity2359 oxidative damage is, at least in part, via @entity859 A1 receptor modulation.

title: Antioxidant propolis attenuates @entity4176 -induced @entity2359 via @entity859 A1 receptor modulation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity49391 :: ('MESH:C081320', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(3-chlorostyryl)xanthine']

entities_list: @entity21171 :: ('MESH:C008173', 'Chemical') :: ['alloxazine']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity37508 :: ('MESH:C053907', 'Chemical') :: ['8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degenerations']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity375 possesses two @entity8580 transport proteins, @entity21751 and @entity59055 , encoded by the @entity21751 and @entity59055 genes, respectively. @entity21751 and @entity59055 are high and low affinity transporters, respectively. Eight out of nine @entity462 residues in @entity21751 , which are common in two transporters, were converted to @entity563 residues by site directed mutagenesis. All mutant genes suppressed the growth defect caused by @entity21751 disruption, indicating that @entity462 residues are not essential for its function. Chimeric genes that express @entity21751 and @entity59055 fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the @entity24530 promoter were constructed. Both genes were functional. Fluorescence microscopy analysis indicated that both GFP-fused @entity21751 and @entity59055 are localized to the plasma membrane. A multi-copy plasmid that expresses GFP-fused @entity21751 under the control of the original @entity21751 promoter was constructed. Under @entity8580 -free culture conditions, GFP-fused @entity21751 appeared and was localized to the plasma membrane. When the cells were cultured in the presence of @entity8580 , GFP-fused @entity21751 gradually disappeared from the plasma membrane, the fluorescence being redistributed within the cell. Prolonged culture of the cells also caused the relocalization of transporter proteins. These results clearly indicate that the cellular relocalization of transport proteins is responsible for a reduction of @entity8580 transport activity, which is caused by the presence of @entity8580 in the medium or culturing of cells to the stationary phase.

title: Mutational analysis and localization of the XXXX transporters of @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity8580 :: (MESH:D007294,Chemical) :: ['inositol']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8395 ( @entity8395 ) and its ligand, @entity4634 , are regulators of immune/ inflammatory mechanisms. We explored the potential involvement of @entity8395 / @entity4634 pathway in the inflammatory response and tissue damage in @entity299 models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ischemic-reperfused and cryoinjured hearts were processed for flow cytometry and immunohistochemical studies for determination of cardiac @entity8395 and @entity4634 in the context of assessment of the @entity3726 ( @entity3726 ) which regulates both @entity32 and cell death. Further, we explored the potential ability of injured cardiac cells to influence proliferation of T lymphocytes. RESULTS: The isolated ischemic-reperfused hearts displayed marked increases in expression of @entity8395 and @entity4634 in cardiomyocytes; however, immunofluorescent studies indicate that @entity8395 and @entity4634 are not primarily co-expressed on the same cardiomyocytes. Upregulation of @entity8395 / @entity4634 was associated with a) marked increases in @entity3726 and @entity4155 but a mild increase in @entity688 ) disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (  m) as well as apoptotic and @entity39 cell death. Importantly, while isotype matching treatment did not affect the aforementioned changes, treatment with the @entity4634 blocking antibody reversed those effects in association with marked cardioprotection. Further, ischemic-reperfused cardiac cells reduced proliferation of T lymphocytes, an effect partially reversed by @entity4634 antibody. Subsequent studies using the cryoinjury model of @entity583 revealed significant increases in @entity8395 , @entity4634 , @entity3726 and @entity4155 positive cells in association with significant apoptosis/ @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that upregulation of @entity8395 / @entity4634 pathway in @entity299 models mediates tissue damage likely through a paracrine mechanism. Importantly, inhibition of T cell proliferation by ischemic-reperfused cardiac cells is consistent with the negative immunoregulatory role of @entity8395 / @entity4634 pathway, likely reflecting an endogenous cardiac mechanism to curtail the deleterious impact of infiltrating immune cells to the damaged myocardium. The balance of these countervailing effects determines the extent of @entity299 .

title: Upregulation of @entity8395 and Its Ligand in XXXX Models: Interaction with @entity3726 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3726 :: ('1649', 'Gene') :: ['GADD153', 'growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible protein 153']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity1893 has increased over recent years. The exact etiology of @entity706 remains unknown. Ultraviolet light exposure has been associated with the development of @entity706 and some reports suggest that it may play a role in the development of @entity706 in @entity1 . Here we describe the characterization and progression of @entity706 in @entity899 heterozygous @entity19 exposed to UVB irradiation. METHODS: UVB-irradiated @entity899 +/- @entity19 developed enlargement of the spleen. Isolated spleen cells were transplanted into Rag deficient hosts. The UV-induced @entity5 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The @entity5 cells were tagged with GFP to study their metastatic potential. SKY and karyotypic analysis were carried out for the detection of @entity2008 . Functional assays included in vitro class switch recombination assay, immunoglobulin rearrangement assay, as well as cytokine profiling. RESULTS: UVB-exposed @entity19 showed enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes. Cells transplanted into Rag deficient @entity19 developed aggressive @entity5 that infiltrated the lymph nodes, the spleen and the bone marrow. The @entity5 cells did not grow in immune competent syngeneic C57Bl/6 @entity19 yet showed a modest growth in UV-irradiated B6 @entity19 . Phenotypic analysis of these @entity5 cells revealed these cells are positive for B cell markers CD19+, CD5+, B220+, IgM+ and negative for T cell, NK or dendritic cell markers. The UV-induced @entity5 cells underwent robust in vitro immunoglobulin class switch recombination in response to lipopolysaccharide. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a t(14;19) translocation and trisomy of chromosome 6. These @entity5 cells secret @entity1618 , which can promote @entity5 growth and cause systemic immunosuppression. CONCLUSION: UV-irradiated @entity899 +/- @entity19 developed @entity5 that corresponded to a mature @entity1892 . Our results suggest that an indirect mechanism is involved in the development of internal @entity5 after chronic exposure to UV light. The induction of @entity1892 in UV-irradiated @entity899 heterozygous @entity19 may provide a useful model for @entity706 development in @entity1 .

title: Induction of @entity1892 by UVB radiation in @entity899 haploinsufficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'internal lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lymphoid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe patterns in the qualitative literature regarding the everyday experience of living with a @entity16 ; to identify areas of depth as well as gaps in the existing knowledge base. METHODS: An extensive search of the literature yielded 474 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Data extraction, based on scrutiny of both abstract and full text article included country of origin, diagnosis, stated aim, methodological framework/design, @entity1 , and data collection method(s). Studies were categorized into 27 topics within four broad foci. RESULTS: Four broad foci describe the field: impact and management, daily activities and occupations, impact on family, and the healthcare experience. Overall the research is unevenly distributed by diagnosis; some are well represented while others are the subject of little research. Even diagnoses well represented in quantity can be limited in breadth. DISCUSSION: Possible explanations for the patterns of emphasis include: a focus on issues and problems, highlighted points of contact between @entity1 and healthcare providers, and ability of @entity1 to voice their views. The literature is also characterized by limited across diagnoses research or that comparing the experience of @entity1 with different diagnoses. There is a need for more research in particular diagnoses; more varied data collection methods and acknowledgement of ethnicity, gender, discrimination, and social inequalities.

title: Identifying gaps in knowledge: A map of the qualitative literature concerning life with a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological condition']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To examine the prevalence and burden of @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) with bother in the UK and Sweden compared to @entity2182 without bother and no/minimal @entity2182 /lower urinary tract (LUTS) symptoms, respectively. @entity1 AND METHODS:     A cross-sectional population-representative survey was conducted via the Internet in the UK, Sweden and USA.     @entity1 rated the frequency and bother of @entity2182 and LUTS. @entity1 outcomes included the @entity2182 Questionnaire Short Form, @entity1 Perception of @entity1494 , Short Form-12, @entity148 and @entity308 Scale-Anxiety and @entity148 and @entity308 , as well as questions about treatment seeking and work productivity.       @entity2182 was defined as urgency at least sometimes or the presence of urinary urgency incontinence. Three subgroups were compared: no/minimal symptoms, @entity2182 without bother and @entity2182 with bother.     Analyses were conducted by gender and country using general linear and logistic regression models to examine bothersome @entity2182 and treatment seeking. RESULTS:     Survey response was 59.2%; 10,000 @entity1 (4724 @entity1 and 5276 @entity1 ) participated.     The prevalence of @entity2182 with bother at least 'somewhat' was 10.9% and 14.6% for @entity1 in the UK and Sweden, and 22.5% and 33.7% for @entity1 in the UK and Sweden, respectively.     @entity1 and @entity1 with bothersome @entity2182 were significantly more likely to seek treatment, report the lowest levels of health-related quality of life and work productivity and the highest levels of @entity148 and @entity308 compared to those with no/minimal symptoms and @entity2182 without bother.     Greater symptom severity of urgency, urgency urinary incontinence, frequency, @entity2183 , and increasing levels of @entity148 were strongly predictive of @entity2182 bother in both @entity1 and @entity1 .     Predictors of treatment seeking included frequency, bother as a result of urgency, and lower levels of @entity308 in @entity1 , and frequency, @entity2183 and urgency in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS:     @entity2182 is common in the UK and Sweden, and @entity1 are more likely to be affected then @entity1 .     The impact of @entity2182 is evident across generic and condition-specific domains of health-related quality of life.

title: The impact of XXXX on mental health, work productivity and health-related quality of life in the UK and Sweden: results from EpiLUTS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'people', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'Depression Scale-Depression']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder Condition']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'Overactive Bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to retrospectively compare clinical and radiographic results between consecutive total hip arthroplasties (THAs) using ceramic on ceramic (CoC) and metal-on-highly cross-linked @entity691 (MoP), with >10 years of follow-up. METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 (52 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) underwent CoC THA, whereas 81 (67 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 ) underwent MoP THA. The average @entity1 age at the time of surgery was 54.0 years in the CoC group and 54.2 years in the MoP group. RESULTS: The mean postoperative Harris Hip Scores were 88.9 and 86.4 in the CoC and MoP groups, respectively (P  = .063), and the mean annual liner rates of wear were 0.0043 and 0.0163 mm/year, respectively (P < .001). @entity3061 was observed on the femoral side of 1 joint (1.5%) in the CoC group and in 1 (1.2%) acetabular and femoral (1.2%) joint each in the MoP group. Three joints (3.7%) in the MoP group showed aseptic cup loosening, one of which (1.2%) required revision THA because of progression of the loosening. Revision THA was also required in 1 joint (1.5%) in the CoC group because of ceramic @entity174 . The Kaplan-Meier survival rate at 10 years with implant loosening or revision THA as the end point was 98.5% for CoC and 96.3% for MoP (P  = .416). CONCLUSION: The wear rate of CoC implants was significantly lower than that of MoP implants. Kaplan-Meier survival at 10 years with implant loosening and revision THA as end points did not differ significantly between these implants.

title: Significantly Lower Wear of Ceramic-on-Ceramic Bearings Than Metal-on-Highly Cross-Linked XXXX Bearings: A 10- to 14-Year Follow-Up Study.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['Osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['Polyethylene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve the survival of @entity1 with stage @entity43 the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial examining two novel treatment strategies: (a) modification of the chemotherapy regimen ( @entity3003 / @entity1311 ) based on evidence of response during treatment and (b) "maintenance therapy," with the monthly administration of single agent @entity1311 (maximum 2 years). METHODS: Individuals with histologically documented stage IV @entity43 initially received a maximum of 3 courses of single agent @entity3003 (AUC 6), with the decision to administer a subsequent course based on specific response criteria (i.e., declines in serum CA-125 or shrinkage of measurable mass lesions). This was followed by single agent @entity1311 (150 mg/m(2)), delivered every 2 weeks for a maximum of 6 courses, again based on evidence of continued response to the treatment program. Finally, in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 , @entity1 received single agent @entity1311 (175 mg/m2) for a maximum of 24 monthly courses. The primary study end point was 2-year overall survival, which was to be compared to the survival of a previously published historical control population [ @entity43 @entity1 treated with a "standard" @entity900 / @entity1311 regimen (GOG 111; McGuire WP, N Eng E J Med 1996; 334:1)]. This analysis was employed to determine if this novel strategy was worthy of further clinical investigation in a controlled clinical trial. RESULTS: There were 53 @entity1 entered this multicenter study, of whom 50 were evaluable for @entity137 and 51 for survival. There were 2 treatment-related @entity204 . Grades 2 and 3 neutrotoxicity were observed in 18 and 4% of @entity1 , respectively. There were no major treatment-related protocol violations. The overall 2-year survival was 48% (95% CI, 34-62%), compared to 60% for the historical control group. CONCLUSIONS: While this trial demonstrated the feasibility of delivering a treatment regimen requiring frequent alternations in therapy based on predetermined changes in objective parameters of response, further exploration of this specific management approach does not appear warranted in @entity43 , based on the survival outcome compared to a reasonably similar historical control population. As this trial demonstrates, the prospective determination of clinical end points in a phase II study (e.g., 2-year survival) that will lead to continued evaluation of a particular investigative strategy in a large-scale randomized trial can be an effective method to reduce the bias and uncertainty often associated with this complex decision process.

title: Phase II trial of single agent @entity3003 followed by dose-intense XXXX , followed by maintenance @entity1311 therapy in stage IV @entity43 : a Southwest Oncology Group trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancers', 'IV epithelial ovarian cancer', 'stage IV ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: AIM: This study tested the hypothesis that angiotensin II ( @entity1808 ) AT1 receptor is involved in development of @entity101 and @entity299 via modifying @entity13928 activity, eNOS expression and @entity3802 -hyaluronan interaction. MAIN METHODS: Male @entity35 were subjected to @entity1808 infusion (500ng/kg/min) using osmotic minipumps up to 4weeks and the AT1 receptor blocker, @entity9887 was administered by gastric gavage (10mg/kg/day) during @entity1808 infusion. KEY FINDINGS: Our results indicated that @entity1808 enhances AT1 receptor, downregulates @entity11082 receptor, @entity13928 activity and eNOS expression, and increases @entity3802 expression and hyaluronidase activity, an enzyme for hyaluronan degradation. Further analyses revealed that @entity1808 increases blood pressure and augments vascular/interstitial @entity82 . Comparison of the @entity1808 group, treatment with @entity9887 significantly increased @entity13928 activity and eNOS expression in the intracardiac vessels and intermyocardium. These changes occurred in coincidence with decreased blood pressure. Furthermore, the locally-expressed AT1 receptor was downregulated, as evidenced by an increased ratio of the @entity11082 over AT1 receptor (1.4  0.4% vs. 0.4  0.1% in @entity1808 group, P<0.05). Along with these modulations, @entity9887 inhibited membrane @entity3802 expression and hyaluronidase activity, decreased populations of macrophages and myofibroblasts, and reduced expression of @entity1810 and Smads. Collagen I synthesis and tissue @entity82 were attenuated as demonstrated by the less extensive collagen-rich area. SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that the AT1 receptor is involved in development of @entity101 and @entity299 . Selective activating @entity13928 /eNOS and inhibiting @entity3802 /HA interaction might be considered as the therapeutic targets for attenuating @entity1808 induced deleterious cardiovascular effects.

title: Angiotensin II AT1 receptor alters @entity13928 activity, eNOS expression and @entity3802 -hyaluronan interaction in XXXX with @entity101 and myocardial fibrosis.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The Balb/c strain @entity19 were immunized by single intraperitoneal administration of 0.2 cm3 of 10% @entity742 erythrocyte suspension (SRBC). To  pa Peat Preparation ( @entity8331 ) used in the study was a peat-derived substance obtained in prof. St. To  pa's laboratory. It was given to @entity19 intraperitoneally, 4 times at 24-hour intervals. The first dose was administered 2 hours before immunization. Testing was performed with the following doses: 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg. The determinations comprised the number of spleen cells producing anti-SRBC haemolysins, the level of serum haemagglutinins to SRBC (19S+7S and 7S types) and the percentage of splenocytes forming spontaneous E-rosettes. It was found that the effect of @entity8331 on these immunologic parameters of the @entity19 immunized with SRBC was dose-dependent. The effect potentiating the humoral response occurred for the doses of 0.5-10 mg/kg. The doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg did not affect the immunologic response to SRBC, while the doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg had a suppressive effect. The impact of @entity8331 on the percentage of splenocytes forming E-rosettes was also dose-dependent, but in this case stimulating activity was observed for the doses of 2.5-25 mg/kg.

title: The dose-dependent effect of To  pa Peat Preparation on the humoral response of XXXX immunized with @entity742 erythrocytes.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare performance on the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills ( @entity15727 ), a measure of functional task performance and physiological responses (salivary @entity701 levels) during @entity15727 administration, between typically developing @entity1 and @entity1 diagnosed with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). METHOD: In this quasi-experimental study, independent t tests, and mixed, repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted to compare a group of typically developing @entity1 (n = 21) with a group of @entity1 with @entity71 (n = 12) on two dependent measures: (a) the @entity15727 and (b) salivary @entity701 . Salivary @entity701 , a stress hormone, was taken at three time points, baseline, mid-way through @entity15727 administration, and 20 min following @entity15727 administration. RESULTS: Significant differences were found on the activities of daily living (ADL) process ability measure of the @entity15727 (p = .001) and the ADL motor ability measure (p = .04), with the @entity71 group performing more poorly than typical @entity1 . There was no significant group ( @entity71 vs. control) by time period interaction effect on @entity701 levels. Overall, the @entity701 levels of the @entity71 group were higher than the levels of those in the control group (p = .02). @entity701 levels tended to drop significantly over time (p = .01) for both groups, however the patterns differed somewhat between groups. @entity701 levels of the typical @entity1 dropped at the final time period (20 min post- @entity15727 administration) whereas the levels of the @entity1 in the @entity71 remained higher during this time period. This interaction effect approached, but did not reach, statistical significance (p = .15). CONCLUSION: The results of this investigation suggest that the @entity15727 is sensitive to detecting functional performance concerns, and both motor and process skill deficits, associated with @entity71 , and therefore may be a useful assessment tool with this population. Data also suggests that @entity701 expression to a well-known ADL task may be lower if the task is not overly challenging for the individual, and provides support for further study of the role of @entity701 with disorders of attention.

title: Behavioral and physiologic response measures of occupational task performance: a preliminary comparison between typical @entity1 and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention disorder']


abstract: In the 21st century, the treatment of @entity358 will undergo fundamental change. The treatment of @entity1 in general and of @entity358 in particular will transcend the vertical and fragmented approach based on analytical and reductionistic disease concepts to emphasize holistic care given by an interdisciplinary team. Extended life expectancies, understandably ones that represent significant progress in 20th century medicine, will lead to considerably higher costs in the healthcare system and to a redistribution of therapeutic resources. Healthcare centers will form that are better equipped to handle the true needs of the @entity1 and provide better continuity of care. Likewise, this nascent century will bring forth one irreversible sociological change, namely the better informed and better educated @entity1 who, by demanding access to medical information in order to profit from modern technological advances, will become an active partner of the healthcare professionals. The Swiss Lung League, which is celebrating its 100th anniversary this year, has been able to tackle the real pulmonological challenges of the 20th century by taking on a pioneering role in the fight against @entity378 , smoking and setting benchmarks by providing @entity1 with sophisticated respiratory technology like mechanical home ventilation. Unlike other medical disciplines, it recognized early on the importance of working within a healthcare network. Its strength derives from a synergy of the cantonal leagues' medical and social commitment and the Pulmonological Society's scientific support. Indeed, this trend can be observed all over Europe and the USA. This partnership is self-perpetuating and has adapted its own mentalities and structures to scientific progress and the changing needs of pulmonary @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX from the 20th to the 21st century].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary diseases']


abstract: This is a case of a 29-year-old female. She visited our hospital with the chief complaint of swelling of the legs and abdominal bloating at the 10th week of pregnancy. @entity1144 were observed in the lower extremities. Hematological and biochemical tests revealed @entity1371 . Gynecologically, she was normal. Elevated blood @entity701 levels were identified on the hormonal tests, which suggested the existence of @entity699 . Ultrasound revealed the presence of a @entity5 in the left adrenal gland, and she was referred to our department for surgery. On September 13, 1994, left adrenalectomy was performed in a right lateral position under inhalation anesthesia and epidural anesthesia. Adjuvand @entity134 therapy was initiated during surgery and the blood @entity701 levels were normalized within 2 months. She delivered a baby @entity1 weighing 2,722 g at the 40th week of pregnancy via a normal transvaginal delivery. Pregnancy rarely occurs in @entity1 with @entity699 . We think she was the first case in Japan who had normal 40th week transvaginal delivery after adrenalectomy during pregnancy. We present a description of our case here with reference to the relevant literature.

title: [Normal term delivery after adrenalectomy for @entity699 in a pregnant XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Edema and central obesity']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity968 ( @entity970 ) was used as emulsifier to prepare alpha-chymotrypsin-loaded @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) microspheres by a solid-in-oil-in-water (s/o/w) technique. The effect of the molecular weight of @entity970 on protein stability was assessed by the determination of the amount of insoluble aggregates, the activity loss and the magnitude of structural perturbations. In addition, the effect of the molecular weight of @entity970 on the encapsulation efficiency, microsphere characteristics and release kinetics was investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to characterize the surface chemistry of the microspheres. Microspheres were prepared using @entity970 with molecular @entity2198 . The results indicate that @entity970 20,000 was the most effective emulsifier when producing alpha-chymotrypsin-loaded microspheres with respect to protein stability. The aggregate formation was decreased from 18% to 3%; the protein inactivation and the encapsulation-induced structural perturbations were largely prevented. XPS confirmed that @entity970 was largely located on the surface of microspheres. The molecular weight of @entity970 affected the microspheres' characteristics and release kinetics. Microspheres prepared with @entity970 20,000 showed improved encapsulation efficiency (80%) and a continuous release (for 50 days) with the lowest amount of initial release. It is demonstrated that the selection of the optimum molecular weight of @entity970 when used as emulsifier in the preparation of microspheres is a critical factor in the development of sustained-release formulations for the delivery of proteins.

title: Effect of the molecular weight of XXXX used as emulsifier on alpha-chymotrypsin stability upon encapsulation in PLGA microspheres.

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']


abstract: PURPOSE: Very few @entity5 survivor studies have been devoted to thyroid @entity652 . We assessed the role of chemotherapy and the radiation dose to the thyroid in the risk of @entity259 after @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A cohort of 3254 2-year survivors of a solid @entity5 treated in 5 French centers before 1986 was established. The dose received by the isthmus and the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland during each course of radiation therapy was estimated after reconstruction of the actual radiation therapy conditions in which each @entity1 was treated as well as the dose received at other anatomical sites of interest. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 25 years, 71 @entity1 had developed a @entity259 . The risk strongly increased with the radiation dose to the thyroid up to a few Gray, plateaued, and declined for high doses. Chemotherapy slightly increased the risk when administered alone but also lowered the slope of the dose-response curve for the radiation dose to the thyroid. Overall, for doses up to a few Gray, the excess relative risk of @entity259 per Gray was 2.8 (90% CI: 1.2-6.9), but it was 5.5 (90% CI: 1.9-25.9) in @entity1 who had not received chemotherapy or who had received only 1 drug, and 1.1 (90% CI: 0.4-3.4) in the @entity1 who had received more than 1 drug (P=.06, for the difference). The excess relative risk per Gray was also higher for younger @entity1 at the time of radiation therapy than for their older counterparts and was higher before attaining 40 years of age than subsequently. CONCLUSIONS: The overall pattern of @entity259 after radiation therapy for a @entity5 appears to be similar to that observed for @entity259 .

title: XXXX after solid @entity5 in childhood.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid adenoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid adenomas']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with dabigatran use compared with warfarin among @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity955 and no history of @entity344 initiating dabigatran or warfarin were identified from Danish nationwide registries from 22 August 2011 until 31 December 2012. @entity1 were classified as naive or experienced users, according to prior use of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy. The risk of subsequent proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, upper @entity2210 -like diagnoses ( @entity354 , @entity3621 , @entity2275 ) and @entity360 requiring hospitalization, gastroscopy, and discontinuation of dabigatran and warfarin was examined by cumulative incidence rates and multivariable adjusted Cox regression models. We identified five groups: OAC-naive warfarin (n = 4534); OAC-naive dabigatran 110 mg b.i.d. (dabigatran 110) (n = 1168); OAC-naive dabigatran 150 mg b.i.d. (dabigatran 150) (n = 1844); OAC-experienced dabigatran 110 (n = 1143); and OAC-experienced dabigatran 150 (n = 1748). Compared with OAC-naive warfarin, the rate of initiating PPIs was significantly increased for OAC-naive dabigatran 110 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.50]. Other dabigatran regimes were not associated with a higher risk of initiating PPIs, upper @entity2210 -like diagnoses, @entity360 , or gastroscopy. The risk of discontinuation was increased for OAC-experienced dabigatran 150 (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.25), but not for the other dabigatran-treated groups, relative to OAC-naive warfarin. CONCLUSION: Dabigatran was not associated with upper @entity2210 -like diagnoses or @entity360 requiring hospitalization, and gastroscopy. The risk of subsequent PPI use was increased for OAC-naive dabigatran 110 mg users, and the risk of discontinuation was increased for OAC-experienced dabigatran 150 mg users.

title: Risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects of dabigatran compared with warfarin among XXXX with @entity955 : a nationwide cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric, and duodenal ulcer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recently, @entity4770 (PGI2) has been reported to have a role of potential importance in @entity741 . The direct effects of PGI2 on @entity741 (60 minutes @entity63 at 30 degrees C) were examined, using a hemoglobin free isolated @entity35 heart perfused by the Langendorff's technique. Dual-wavelength reflectance spectrophotometry was used to measure myoglobin oxygenation in cardiac tissue, from which the intracellular @entity26 concentration was calculated. The effect of PGI2 on cardial function under normoxic perfusion condition was studied. PGI2 was infused for 10 minutes with the doses of 5ng/g X body weight per minute. PGI2 infusion increased heart rate, LV dp/dt and myocardial @entity26 consumption. The average 9.7% increase in myoglobin oxygenation was noted during PGI2 infusion which indicated the improvement in tissue @entity26 metabolism. The global @entity63 was produced for 60 minutes at 30 degrees C, following to the pretreatment of 10 minutes infusion of PGI2, by the discontinuation of Langendorff's perfusion. Recovery of cardiac function such as double product and LV dp/dt at 15 minutes after reperfusion was significantly higher in the PGI2 treated group than in hearts receiving only the vehicle. Infusion of PGI2 inhibited the decrease in @entity855 level of the @entity63 at 15 minutes after reperfusion (P less than 0.025, P less than 0.05). PGI2 prevented the increase in @entity880 release from the @entity63 , observed in vehicle group at 1 minutes after reperfusion. In summary, @entity4770 seems to have a direct cytoprotective effect on @entity63 .

title: [Effects of XXXX on the cardiac functions and energy metabolism in the perfused @entity35 heart].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardial injury', 'myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['prostacyclin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features and reasons of misdiagnosis of @entity2597 plus @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). METHODS: The clinical data were reviewed retrospectively for 22 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity2597 and @entity1151 from February 2006 to March 2014. And the features of onset, clinical and laboratory characteristics, imaging tests and causes of misdiagnosis were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 12 males and 10 females with an average age of (36.2    14.2) years. And 12 (54.5%) @entity1151 @entity1 had concurrent @entity1150 . @entity1701 and @entity2403 were the major causes of @entity2597 . @entity5837 , palpitation and extremity swelling were initial symptoms. There were elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (n = 11, 50.0%), elevated @entity1851 (n = 8, 36.4%) and abnormal autoantibody (n = 15, 68.2%) respectively. Computed tomography showed @entity849 , @entity432 and @entity384 . Eighteen (81.8%) @entity1 had @entity120 with a systolic pulmonary pressure of (72    20) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). And 3 of them presented severity of pulmonary pressure non-matched to the degree of @entity358 . And 18 (81.8%) @entity1 with @entity2597 were missed due to a lack of typical symptoms and physician understanding of disease before admission. Three (13.6%) @entity1 had a misdiagnosis of @entity8577 . The median time of diagnosis was 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Connective tissue disease may develop @entity1151 as the initial symptom. And some @entity1 lack typical clinical manifestations of @entity2597 . It should raise an alert with the physicians.

title: [Clinical features and misdiagnosis of XXXX plus @entity1151 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurismal dilation']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8577 :: ('MESH:D065627', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['Antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['Chest distress']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arteries stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular involvement']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ["Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2597 :: (MESH:D003240,Disease) :: ['connective tissue disease']


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of @entity18277 in adults admitted to the Loghman-Hakim Hospital Poison Center from 1992 to 2002. All @entity1 > or = 12 years of age were included in the study. The frequency of @entity18277 with respect to age, sex, season, reason, place of residence, latent phase, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome of @entity1 was investigated. Of the 72421 @entity4968 cases admitted to Loghman-Hakim Hospital Poison Center from 1992 to 2002, only 37 were poisoned by consumption of toxic mushrooms. As some of the @entity1 ' files were incomplete, only 25 files were included in the study. Of this number, 68% were male. The @entity1 ' age ranged between 12 and 65 years, with a mean of 31 years of age. All cases were accidental and mostly from Tehran (36%) and the northern provinces (rainy woodlands) of Iran (32%). Autumn was the most common season for @entity4968 with a frequency of 80%. The latent phase of poisonings was between 0.5 and 12 hours. The most frequently reported symptoms were @entity391 (84%), @entity390 (60%), @entity490 (60%) and @entity294 (40%). @entity1087 was observed in 44% of cases, with a 50% rate of @entity99 . A total of 66% of @entity1 were discharged and the duration range of hospitalization was 1-12 days. In conclusion, @entity1 should be more informed of the dangers posed by wild mushrooms. Training of physicians and nurses in the accurate diagnosis and management of @entity1 poisoned with poisonous mushrooms would improve the rate of survival.

title: A retrospective study of XXXX in Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity18277 :: ('MESH:D009145', 'Disease') :: ['mushroom poisoning']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity18277 :: (MESH:D009145,Disease) :: ['mushroom poisoning']


abstract: We investigated the role of @entity1 protein C in an animal model of @entity1931 . @entity158 was induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan (3 mg) into the hind paw of @entity35 . The @entity158 threshold was measured by exerting increasing amounts of pressure (in mmHg) on the paw until a struggle reaction was observed. Protein C (8-800 IU/kg) was administered intravenously immediately after carrageenan. Controls received either intraplantar injections of saline (100 microliters) instead of carrageenan or carrageenan alone. Effects on @entity158 threshold were expressed in percent of the pretreatment value. Carrageenan alone lowered the mean @entity158 threshold after 3 h to 33.2 +/- 2.2% of the pretreatment level. @entity7131 resulted in a dose-dependent rise in @entity158 threshold towards the level observed in control animals treated with saline instead of carrageenan ( @entity158 threshold after 800 IU/kg protein C = 62.9 +/- 2.3% of pretreatment level), demonstrating an antinociceptive effect. Protein C had no effect in animals not preconditioned with intraplantar carrageenan. Thus protein C clearly antagonized the inflammatory @entity158 induced by carrageenan. The antinociceptive action of protein C was antagonized by injection of a monoclonal antibody against protein C, providing additional evidence that the effect was protein C-mediated.

title: Antinociceptive properties of protein C in a model of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['Addition of protein C']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['inflammatory hyperalgesia']


abstract: Thyroid tissues from @entity1 with @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) have been xenografted to both @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 and @entity19 to study the intrathyroidal lymphocytes which were expected to migrate from the xenografts in the @entity466 @entity19 . Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from @entity2621 , @entity2743 , and normal donors have also been separately engrafted. @entity466 @entity19 , but not @entity19 with @entity2621 thyroid grafts produce @entity1 immunoglobulins. More immunoglobulin G (IgG), but less IgM and IgA is produced in @entity466 @entity19 with @entity2621 thyroid grafts ( @entity466 -TH), compared to @entity466 @entity19 injected with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from @entity1 with @entity2621 or normal donors ( @entity466 -PB), suggesting that different B cell subpopulations were active in the @entity466 -PB vs. @entity466 -TH. Production of IgG by @entity466 -PB and @entity466 -TH was maintained 6 weeks after engraftment, and decreased thereafter. @entity466 @entity19 but not @entity19 grafted with @entity2621 thyroid tissue produce antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase. Lymphocytes within intact @entity2621 thyroid grafts persist in @entity466 @entity19 , and migrate to the spleen, whereas @entity1 lymphocytes do not survive in the thyroid grafts or other tissues of the nude @entity19 . In 6 weeks, the xenografts in @entity19 became histologically normal. In contrast, xenografts from @entity466 @entity19 showed more marked inflammatory changes than in the original @entity1 lesion, although the ratio of T/B cells is unchanged. This worsening of the lesion may relate to the increase in activation of the T-lymphocytes.

title: Reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 with intrathyroidal lymphocytes of thyroid xenografts from @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's thyroiditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of the @entity972 -channel openers, levcromakalim and @entity57616 , in isolated @entity1 detrusor muscle from normal and @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Strips of @entity1 detrusor muscle from normal and @entity1494 were pre-contracted with @entity5402 and the @entity972 -channel openers (0.1-0.3 mumol/L) were added cumulatively to the organ baths. Other strips were field-stimulated at frequencies producing 25% and 75% of the maximum response to field stimulation. Contractions could be abolished by @entity3897 (10 mumol/L) and @entity1022 (1 mumol/L). RESULTS: The @entity1494 was significantly more sensitive to @entity5402 than the normal bladder but the maximum response was significantly lower in the hyper-reflexic tissue. There was no significant difference between the potency of the @entity972 -channel openers in normal and @entity121 . @entity1494 was significantly more sensitive to electrical field stimulation than was normal bladder: maximum responses to field stimulation were not significantly different. Concentration-response curves for the @entity972 -channel openers were displaced to the left in @entity1494 at both 25% and 75% maximum frequencies: however, only with levcromakalim at 75% of the maximum frequency was the shift significant. CONCLUSION: The greater sensitivity of @entity1494 to @entity5402 and field stimulation supports existing evidence for post-junctional supersensitivity in detrusor instability. The results of this study also suggest that there are no appreciable changes in KATP channel function in the @entity1494 .

title: Relaxant effects of XXXX -channel openers on normal and @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-reflexic bladder', 'Hyper-reflexic bladder', 'hyper-reflexic bladders', 'unstable bladder']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-reflexic detrusor muscle']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) has been shown to occur in >90% of significantly @entity28 @entity1 . At present, diagnosis of the more severe form of @entity1561 , @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ), requires a liver biopsy. Conflicting data exist on the degree of sampling variability seen with percutaneous liver biopsy. Our aim was to assess for significant regional differences in histopathology between the right and @entity409 in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: Morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery at Wilford Hall Medical Center were eligible for study enrollment. @entity1 with @entity409 other than @entity1561 were excluded. All @entity1 underwent intraoperative liver biopsy, one from the right lobe and one from the left lobe, with a 14-gauge Tru-cut biopsy needle. Histopathologic features of @entity1561 were compared by a hepatopathologist who examined biopsy specimens from the 2 hepatic lobes and was blinded to @entity1 identification and site of origin of biopsy. Agreement between the 2 biopsy specimens was assessed by using the kappa coefficient. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 (predominantly female) with body mass index median of 46.2 kg/m2 were enrolled. Agreement for @entity1560 was 93% (kappa = 0.91), inflammation 74% (kappa = 0.58), @entity39 84% (kappa = 0.73), @entity82 98% (kappa = 0.96), and for the @entity1561 activity score > or =5 was 93% (kappa = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS: Minimal variability was found for @entity1560 , @entity1561 activity score > or =5, and @entity82 in samples of liver obtained from the right and @entity409 in a group of morbidly @entity28 , predominately female @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery. Histopathologic findings of necroinflammation appear to have the greatest degree of sampling variability. In contrast with previously published data, excellent agreement was seen for @entity82 in biopsy specimens obtained at surgery from right and @entity409 .

title: Histopathologic variability between the right and @entity409 in morbidly XXXX @entity1 undergoing Roux-en-Y bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ballooning necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'left lobes of the liver']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'NASH', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between post-heart transplant @entity3085 and @entity28 with subsequent morbidity and mortality has not yet been reported. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to: (1) describe change in body mass index (BMI) from before transplant through 5 years after transplant; (2) identify risk factors for increased BMI at 1 year post-transplant; and (3) determine whether post-transplant BMI is associated with post-transplant morbidity and mortality. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 3,540) were from a non-random sample having received a heart transplant between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 2001 at 33 institutions of the Cardiac Transplant Research Database (CTRD). @entity1 were divided into groups using cut-offs for categories of BMI. Data were assessed according to frequencies, measures of central tendency, Pearson correlations, chi-square tests, multiple regression and stratified actuarial analyses with log-rank tests for comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS: The number of @entity28 @entity1 increased significantly from immediately before heart transplant to 5 years later (17% vs 38%) (p < 0.0001). Risk factors for increased BMI at 1 year after heart transplant (explaining 56% of variance) included increased BMI at transplant, younger age, black race, non-ischemic etiology of @entity299 , Status I at time of transplant and non-use of mycophenolate mofetil. @entity1 who were underweight or @entity28 at 1 year post-transplant were at greater risk for rejection over time than @entity1 who were of normal weight or overweight (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Both demographic and clinical factors are related to increased BMI at 1 year after heart transplantation. Post-transplant @entity3085 and @entity28 are risk factors for poor clinical outcomes after heart transplantation.

title: Post-operative XXXX and @entity3085 are risk factors for morbidity and mortality after heart transplant: multi-institutional study of post-operative weight change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECT Almost all @entity4806 @entity1 who incur a @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) will develop @entity1635 , and younger @entity1 are at highest risk for curve progression requiring surgical intervention. Although the use of pedicle screws is increasing in popularity, their impact on @entity1566 -related @entity1635 has not been described. The authors retrospectively reviewed the radiographic outcomes of pedicle screw-only constructs in all @entity1 who had undergone @entity1566 -related @entity1635 correction at a single institution. Methods Medical records and radiographs from Shriner's Hospital for @entity1 -Philadelphia for the period between November 2004 and February 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Thirty-seven @entity1 , whose mean age at the index surgery was 14.91    3.29 years, were identified. The cohort had a mean follow-up of 33.2    22.8 months. The mean preoperative coronal Cobb angle was 65.5      25.7  , which corrected to 20.3      14.4  , translating into a 69% correction (p < 0.05). The preoperative coronal balance was 24.4    22.6 mm, with a postoperative measurement of 21.6    20.7 mm (p = 1.00). @entity530 was 12.7      8.7  , which corrected to 4.1      3.8  , translating into a 68% correction (p < 0.05). Preoperative shoulder balance, as measured by the clavicle angle, was 8.2      8.4  , which corrected to 2.7      3.1   (67% correction, p < 0.05). Preoperatively, @entity1513 measured 44.2      23.7   and was 33.8      11.5   postoperatively. Thoracolumbar @entity1513 was 18.7      12.1   preoperatively, reduced to 8.1      7.7   postoperatively, and measured 26.8      20.2   at the last follow-up (p < 0.05). Preoperatively, lumbar @entity1515 was 35.3      22.0  , which remained stable at 35.6      15.0   postoperatively. Conclusions Pedicle screw constructs appear to provide better correction of coronal parameters than historically reported and provide significant improvement of @entity1513 as well. Although pedicle screws appear to provide good radiographic results, correlation with clinical outcomes is necessary to determine the true impact of pedicle screw constructs on @entity1566 -related @entity1635 correction.

title: Management of @entity1566 -related XXXX using pedicle screw-only constructs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal kyphosis', 'thoracic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative pelvic obliquity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1391 binders are widely used to control serum @entity3151 levels in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). We analyzed the effects of @entity1391 binders on biochemical and @entity1 -level end points in @entity1 with @entity740 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE (1966 to April 2009), EMBASE (1980 to April 2009), and the Cochrane Renal Group Specialised Register and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). SETTING _ POPULATION: @entity1 with @entity740 . SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES: Randomized controlled trials. INTERVENTION: @entity1391 binders. OUTCOMES: Serum @entity3151 , @entity460 , and parathyroid hormone levels; incidence of @entity2741 ; all-cause mortality; adverse effects. RESULTS: 40 trials (6,406 @entity1 ) were included. There was no significant decrease in all-cause mortality (10 randomized controlled trials; 3,079 @entity1 ; relative risk [RR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 1.16), hospitalization, or end-of-treatment serum @entity460 - @entity3151 product levels with sevelamer compared with @entity460 -based agents. There was a significant decrease in end-of-treatment @entity3151 and parathyroid hormone levels with @entity460 salts compared with sevelamer and a significant decrease in risk of @entity2741 (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.62) with sevelamer compared with @entity460 -based agents. There was a significant increase in risk of gastrointestinal adverse events with sevelamer in comparison to @entity460 salts (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.87). Compared with @entity460 -based agents, @entity3740 significantly decreased end-of-treatment serum @entity460 and @entity460 - @entity3151 product levels, but with similar end-of-treatment @entity3151 levels. Effects of @entity18279 on biochemical end points were similar to those of @entity4959 . Existing data are insufficient to conclude for a differential impact of any @entity1391 binder on cardiovascular mortality or other @entity1 -level outcome. LIMITATIONS: Few long-term studies of the efficacy of @entity1391 binders on mortality and musculoskeletal morbidity, significant heterogeneity for many surrogate outcomes, and suboptimal reporting of study methods to determine trial quality. CONCLUSION: Currently, there are insufficient data to establish the comparative superiority of non- @entity460 -binding agents over @entity460 -containing @entity1391 binders for such important @entity1 -level outcomes as all-cause mortality and cardiovascular end points. Additional trials are still required to examine the differential effects of @entity1391 -binding agents on these end points and the mineral homeostasis pathway.

title: Benefits and harms of @entity1391 binders in XXXX : a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity18279 :: ('MESH:C120662', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium acetate']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate', 'Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['CKD']


abstract: A highly reproducible automated procedure for quantitative analysis of serial brain magnetic resonance (MR) images was developed for use in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). The @entity932 ( @entity932 ) was identified on standard dual-echo spin-echo brain MR images using a supervised automated procedure. MR images obtained from one @entity15 @entity1 at 24 time points in the course of a 1-year follow-up were aligned with the images of one of the time points. Next, the contents of the @entity932 in each MR exam were segmented into four tissues, using a self-adaptive statistical algorithm. Misclassifications due to partial voluming were corrected using a combination of morphologic operators and connectivity criteria. Finally, a connectivity detection algorithm was used to separate the tissue classified as lesions into individual entities. Registration, classification of the contents of the @entity932 , and identification of individual lesions are fully automatic. Only identification of the @entity932 requires operator interaction. In each MR exam, the program estimated volumes for the @entity932 , gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), @entity62 ( @entity62 ), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The reproducibility of the system was superior to that of supervised segmentation, as evidenced by the coefficient of variation: CSF supervised 45.9% vs. automated 7.7%, GM 16.0% vs. 1.4%, WM 15.7% vs. 1.3%, and @entity62 39.5% vs 52.0%. Our results demonstrate that this computerized procedure allows routine reproducible quantitative analysis of large serial MRI data sets.

title: Quantitative follow-up of @entity1 with XXXX using MRI: technical aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'WML']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intracranial cavity']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonoperative therapy with intent to cure may be considered for @entity1 with @entity355 and high-grade @entity1141 or @entity189 . However, a more advanced stage of disease must be precluded before such treatment. The potential of EUS for this purpose was evaluated. METHODS: EUS was performed in @entity1 with @entity355 and high-grade @entity1141 or @entity189 based on endoscopy, endoscopic biopsies, and CT before esophagectomy. EUS findings were compared with surgical/pathologic evaluation. RESULTS: EUS suggested @entity3 in 6 @entity1 and lymph node involvement in 5 @entity1 . By surgical/pathologic evaluation, 5 of 22 @entity1 (23%) had unsuspected @entity3 and 1 had lymph node involvement. EUS detected all 5 instances of @entity3 and the single instance of lymph node involvement. EUS was falsely positive for @entity3 in 1 @entity1 and for lymph node involvement in 4 @entity1 . Sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values of preoperative EUS for @entity3 were 100%, 94%, and 100%, and for lymph node involvement were 100%, 81%, and 100%, respectively. A nodule or stricture noted by endoscopy was associated with an increased likelihood of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity355 and high-grade @entity1141 or @entity189 , EUS detected otherwise unsuspected @entity3 and lymph node involvement. @entity1 should be evaluated with EUS when nonoperative therapy is contemplated.

title: Accuracy of EUS in the evaluation of @entity355 and high-grade @entity1141 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['intramucosal carcinoma']