abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) is the most common @entity299 , it is usually diagnosed late. The presentation of the disease is variable; sometimes it is so quiet and silent that might even improve and heal spontaneously, and in some certain cases if the appropriate, on time and early treatment is not done, this would lead to irreparable complications and mortality even in the early life period. This study reviews the diagnostic process, treatment and follow-up of the @entity1 . It is hoped that the results of the present study be used to improve the @entity1 ' condition. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study done on 145 @entity1 with @entity1757 during 54 months in Isfahan. The disease was identified through color Doppler echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization and angiography if necessary. The required data were collected at the time of definite diagnosis. FINDINGS: Mean age at @entity66 was 17 months and 44 months, respectively. Heart murmur led to initial diagnosis in 85% of the cases. In 27.5% @entity1757 was associated with other @entity299 . @entity120 existed in 16.5% of the cases. Fifty nine surgeries were performed on 40 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In routine physical examination of the @entity1 , the probability of @entity299 should be considered; conducting echocardiogram in suspected cases would lead to early diagnosis and eventually timely treatment. Appropriate follow-up of the @entity1 will provide optimal care and treatment at proper time.

title: Repetitive delay in diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initial and definite diagnosis of the disease']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies', 'heart disease', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: AIM: To establish the prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a population of @entity1 with @entity8205 ( @entity8205 ) over the head and/or spine, and to compare this with clinical findings. METHODS: Forty three @entity1 identified from outpatient clinics underwent MRI of the brain and/or spine. These were reported by a paediatric radiologist and findings compared with the clinical picture. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 had abnormal clinical neurology, seven had abnormal findings on MRI, and six had both abnormal clinical and radiological findings. Only three of the abnormal MRIs showed features of intracranial @entity1709 . Three others showed @entity75 : one @entity2846 , one @entity76 , and one posterior fossa @entity145 ; the first two of these have not previously been described in association with @entity8205 . The last abnormal MRI showed equivocal changes requiring reimaging. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of radiological CNS abnormality in this group of @entity1 was 7/43. Six of these developed abnormal clinical neurological signs within the first 18 months of life, but two did not do so until after the MRI. Two of the CNS lesions were operable; for this reason we support the routine use of early MRI in this group.

title: Central nervous system imaging and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['congenital melanocytic naevi', 'CMN']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melanosis']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus papilloma']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar astrocytoma']

answer: @entity8205 :: (MESH:D009508,Disease) :: ['congenital melanocytic naevi']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the interrater reliability of the inclusion in registries and classification of @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ). METHOD: Two studies were conducted. In study 1, 12 paediatricians from 11 countries viewed video sequences of 12 @entity1 with or without @entity306 (nine males, three females; median age 6y; range 2-16). In study 2, 19 professionals from eight countries participated in an online exercise. They had to classify the same @entity1 but based on written vignettes. All @entity1 had to evaluate whether the @entity1 had @entity306 , the neurological subtype (Surveillance of @entity306 in Europe classification system), and gross motor function level (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS]). Kappa (k) coefficients were calculated for categorical variables and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for ordinal data. RESULTS: Reliability was excellent in assessing whether or not a @entity1 had @entity306 in study 1 (k=1.00) and substantial in study 2 (k=0.73); 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58-0.87). For the neurological subtype, overall k between paediatricians was 0.85 (95% CI 0.68-0.98), with full agreement observed for eight @entity1 . In study 2, overall k was 0.78 (95% CI 0.61-0.91) with full agreement seen for five @entity1 . For the GMFCS, the ICC was 0.88 (95% CI 0.78-0.95) in study 1 and 0.80 (95% CI 0.64-0.91) in study 2. INTERPRETATION: Reliability was excellent for all characteristics classified by paediatricians viewing the videos and substantial for professionals reading vignettes.

title: Interrater reliability study of XXXX diagnosis, neurological subtype, and gross motor function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'Cerebral Palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A total of 720 @entity1838 O1 strains were recovered for investigation from an outbreak of cholera in South Africa between November 2008 and April 2009. METHODS: Strains were characterized by serotype testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Genetic diversity of 248 strains was investigated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Extended characterization was performed on 90 strains. Molecular analysis included: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification of ctxA and tcpA genes, sequencing the ctxAB gene, and investigation of molecular mechanisms conferring antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS: The majority of strains were characterized as serotype Ogawa. Strains showed multidrug resistance. Approximately 1.0% of strains displayed extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) activity. Strains showed very similar PFGE patterns. Ninety strains selected for extended characterization showed the following results: Strains possessed the @entity3081 ( @entity3081 ) and all were PCR positive for the tcpA-El Tor variant. Sequencing of the ctxB gene matched the B-1 allele. Strains harbored the SXT element. Strains that displayed ESBL activity possessed a 140-kilobase-pair plasmid that produced the TEM-63 b-lactamase. @entity802 -resistant strains harbored mutations in GyrA ( @entity54948 ) and ParC ( @entity54949 ). CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight the rapid development of antimicrobial resistance and spread of @entity1838 O1 El Tor variants expressing the classical @entity3081 within South Africa.

title: Cholera outbreak in South Africa, 2008-2009: laboratory analysis of XXXX O1 strains.

entities_list: @entity3081 :: ('MESH:D002771', 'Disease') :: ['cholera toxin', 'CT']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['Nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity54948 :: ('p|SUB|S|83|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser83-Ile']

entities_list: @entity54949 :: ('p|SUB|S|85|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser85-Leu']

answer: @entity1838 :: (666,Species) :: ['Vibrio cholerae']


abstract: The supercoiling free energy of pUC19 DNA [2686 base pairs (bp)] was measured in various concentrations of @entity968 ( @entity968 ; molecular weight 8000) by the topoisomer distribution method. The effective twist energy parameter (E(T)) that governs the supercoiling free energy declined linearly by 1.9-fold with increasing w/v % @entity970 from 0 to 7.5%, which lies below the threshold for intermolecular condensation. In principle, @entity970 could affect E(T) either via an osmotic exclusion mechanism or by altering the torsion elastic constant, bending @entity2003 , or self-repulsions of the DNA. Possible alterations of the DNA secondary structure and torsion elastic constant were assessed by CD spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy of intercalated @entity5611 . Up to 7.5% @entity970 , the secondary structure of the DNA remained largely unaltered, as evidenced by (1) the absence of any significant change in the CD spectrum, (2) an extremely small relative decrease (-0.0013) in intrinsic twist, and (3) a negligibly small change in the torsion elastic constant. The observed reduction in E(T) cannot be ascribed primarily to a decrease in torsion elastic constant, and most likely does not stem from a decrease in bending @entity2003 either. The decrease in medium dielectric constant due to @entity970 should increase the self-repulsions, and thereby increase E(T), which is opposite to the observed trend. Instead, the observed decline in E(T) is attributed to an osmotic exclusion mechanism. The change in molar volume excluded to the @entity970 (Delta V(ex)), when the linking difference converts from Delta l = 0 to Delta l = +/-1, was determined from the observed E(T) value and @entity970 osmotic pressure at each concentration. The experimental Delta V(ex) values agree well with theoretical estimates reckoned for a simple osmotic exclusion model, in which @entity970 is excluded by hard-core interactions from a concentric cylindrical volume around every duplex segment. The difference in volume excluded to @entity970 between the Delta l = 0 and the Delta l = +/-1 topoisomers is attributed entirely to the approximately 0.7 additional writhe "crossing" of two duplex strands at roughly 90 degrees, which is known to occur in the latter species. When the separation between the duplex centers at the "crossing" was adjusted so that the theoretical estimate of Delta V(ex) matched the experimental value at each @entity970 concentration, a value near 5.7 nm was obtained in each case. The invariance and plausible magnitude of this mean separation at the crossing provide strong support for this simple osmotic exclusion model. An alternative model, in which the @entity970 is excluded from the entire coil envelope of the DNA out to its radius of gyration, perhaps because it decreases the local dielectric constant, was also considered. The estimated difference in excluded volume in that case exceeds the experimental value by a factor of nearly 10(4), and could be ruled out on that basis.

title: Effect of XXXX on the supercoiling free energy of DNA.

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol', 'PEG 8000']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the high mortality rate in elderly @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ), the value of coronary angiography (CA) in the elderly has been questioned due to a less favorable outcome. The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic significance of CA on mortality of elderly @entity1 @entity583 in "real world" practice. METHODS: The study cohort comprised 1009 elderly (age > or = 75 years) @entity1 with @entity583 who were derived from three prospective national surveys between 1996 and 2000 in all 25 CCUs operating in Israel. Baseline characteristics, hospital course, management and outcome of 274 (27%) elderly @entity1 who underwent CA during the index hospitalization were compared with 735 (73%) counterpart @entity1 who did not. RESULTS: @entity1 who underwent CA were on average 2.2 years younger, and were more often with @entity407 (p<0.0001 for each) and with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (p<0.03) than the control group. They had a more favorable clinical presentation: a higher systolic blood pressure (p<0.04), a better Killip class (p<0.03) and an increased frequency of non-Q wave MI (p<0.03). They developed more often recurrent MI (p=0.002) and re- @entity63 (p<0.0001). Variables associated with CA use during the index hospitalization were re- @entity1188 , re- @entity63 , the year of the index @entity583 and the availability of an on-site a catheterization laboratory in the hospital, while a higher age and fibrinolytic therapy decreased the likelihood of CA use. Of the @entity1 who underwent CA, 67% underwent coronary revascularization (either PCI and/or CABG). Crude and adjusted mortality rates at 1 year were significantly lower in @entity1 who underwent CA, as compared to counterparts who did not: 21% vs. 37.3%, respectively (p<0.0001), hazard ratio=0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.38-0.71). The benefit of CA was noted in a wide range of subgroups analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: In "real world" practice, elderly @entity1 with @entity583 who undergo CA during hospitalization have a better prognosis at 1 year. Age alone should not be a deterrent to performing CA in elderly @entity1 with @entity583 . Further large randomized trials are needed to confirm that an invasive approach is beneficial in high-risk elderly @entity1 with @entity583 . CONDENSED ABSTRACT: To determine the prognostic significance of coronary angiography (CA) during the course of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in "real world" practice on mortality of elderly @entity1 , 1009 such @entity1 were studied. Re- @entity1188 , re- @entity63 , the year of the index @entity583 and the availability of an on-site a Cath. Lab. were variables which increased the likelihood of undergoing CA, while a higher age and fibrinolytic therapy decreased this likelihood. The crude and covariate adjusted mortality rates at 1 year were significantly lower in @entity1 who underwent CA in comparison to counterparts who did not: 21% vs. 37.3%, respectively (p<0.0001), hazard ratio 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.38-0.71). The benefit of CA was noted across a wide range of subgroups analyzed.

title: Coronary angiography in the elderly with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical complications after breast reconstruction can be associated with significant morbidity, dissatisfaction, and cost. We used the ACS-NSQIP datasets from 2005 to 2011 to derive predictors of morbidity and to stratify risk after @entity0 ( @entity0 ). STUDY DESIGN: Surgical complications after implant and autologous reconstruction were assessed using the ACS-NSQIP 2005 to 2011 datasets. @entity1 demographics, clinical characteristics, and operative factors were associated with the likelihood of experiencing a surgical complication. A "model cohort" of 12,129 @entity1 was randomly selected from the study cohort to derive predictors. Weighted odds ratios derived from logistic regression analysis were used to create a composite risk score and to stratify @entity1 . The remaining one-third of the cohort (n = 6,065) were used as the "validation cohort" to assess the accuracy value of the risk model. RESULTS: On adjusted analysis, autologous reconstruction (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, p < 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status >=  3 (OR 1.25, p = 0.004), class I @entity28 (OR 1.38, p < 0.001), @entity28 (OR 1.91, p < 0.001), @entity28 (OR 1.70, p < 0.001), and active smoking (OR 1.46, p < 0.001) were associated with complications. Risk factors were weighted and @entity1 were stratified into low (0 to 2, n = 9,133, risk = 7.14%), intermediate (3 to 4, n = 1,935, risk = 10.90%), high (5 to 7, n = 1,024, risk = 16.70%), and very high (8 to 9, n = 37, risk = 27.02%) risk categories based on their total risk score (p < 0.001). Internal validation of the "model cohort" using the "validation cohort" was performed demonstrating accurate prediction of risk across groups: low (7.1% vs 7.1%, respectively, p = 0.9), intermediate (10.9% vs 12.0%, respectively, p = 0.38), high (16.7% vs 16.8%, respectively, p = 0.95), and very high (27.0% vs 30.0%, respectively, p = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical complications after @entity0 are related to preoperatively identifiable factors that can be used to accurately risk stratify @entity1 , which may assist with counseling, selection, and perioperative decision-making.

title: Risk analysis and stratification of surgical morbidity after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['immediate breast reconstruction', 'IBR']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['class II obesity', 'class III obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['immediate breast reconstruction']


abstract: @entity8695 , a member of the small GTP-binding proteins, and one of its downstream effectors ROCK ( @entity8695 -associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase) play an important role in the invasion of @entity5 cells. @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) activates @entity8695 and ROCK and promotes the organization of stress fibers and focal adhesions. However, the effect of @entity4991 on @entity5 cell invasion is still controversial. In the present study, @entity1 @entity421 cells treated with a high concentration of @entity4991 (high @entity4991 ) showed considerable formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions compared to the cells treated with a low concentration of @entity4991 (low @entity4991 ). C3 (inhibitor of @entity8695 ) or @entity12223 (an inhibitor of ROCK) inhibited the effects of @entity4991 , indicating that @entity4991 activates the @entity8695 -ROCK pathway in the cells. In addition, @entity8695 activation assay showed that the activation level of @entity8695 can be altered by changing the concentration of @entity4991 . Low @entity4991 stimulated the motility and invasion of the cells, while high @entity4991 reduced both. The disruption of extracellular matrix (ECM) by @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) is also critical for @entity5 cell invasion. @entity1476 is activated by membranous type-1 MMP ( @entity1551 ) and type-2 tissue inhibitor of MMP ( @entity1552 ). High @entity4991 suppressed the activation of @entity1476 through down-regulation of @entity1551 and @entity1552 . C3 and @entity12223 reversed the suppression of the activation of @entity1476 and expression of @entity1551 and @entity1552 , suggesting the involvement of the @entity8695 -ROCK pathway in ECM degradation. @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ) was also required for the invasion of @entity5 cells to occur. Low @entity4991 enhanced the @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity3818 whereas high @entity4991 reduced it. In conclusion, we suggest that @entity8695 has a dual effect on the invasion of @entity421 cells by modulating the motility, the ability to degrade ECM and @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity3818 .

title: Small GTP-binding protein, @entity8695 , both increased and decreased cellular motility, activation of @entity1476 and invasion of XXXX @entity421 cells.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['MMP2', 'matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of Livial, Progynova and @entity17916 on @entity170 associated with @entity3330 in @entity35 , and assess these drugs' influnces on the @entity35 ' endometria in order to provide a therapeutic regiment appropriate for @entity3604 . METHODS: Ninety 6-month-old SD female @entity35 were randomly divided into five groups:SHAM, OVX, Livial, Progynova and @entity17916 . The @entity3604 model was established by ovariectomy except for Sham group. The right femur was broken by operation 8 weeks later. Livial, Progynova, @entity17916 tablets were given after operation respectively. The @entity35 in five groups were killed at the end of 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after operation respectively. The study indices included the histological appearance and histomorphometry of bone calluses, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and endometrium. RESULTS: There were more osteoclasts in OVX group than in other four groups,but no statistically significant differences in number of osteoblasts on the surface of osseous trabecula were seen among the five groups. The biggest area of trabecula was in Livial group while the smallest area was in Progynova group, especially at 4 weeks after operation. The @entity1373 of endometrium measured by morphometry was the same in the Progynova, @entity17916 groups as in Sham group, whereas it was not found in Livial group at 8 weeks postfracture. CONCLUSION: @entity172 is good for healing of @entity3604 . The possible mechanism relevant to healing is that @entity172 inhibits bone absorption, stimulates bone formation, @entity79 and accelerates bone-remodeling. When compared against the treatment with @entity172 alone, the treatment with combined sex hormones has better effects on @entity174 healing. Livial would not bring about endometrium @entity1373 .

title: [Comparative study of effects of hormonal therapies on the healing of XXXX in ovariectomized @entity35 and @entity35 ' endometria].

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['reduces bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the imaging features of @entity2269 of the abdomen and correlate them with the histopathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven of 14 @entity1 with @entity2269 had primary abdominal involvement. In nine of these @entity1 (mean age, 20 years), results of imaging studies (computed tomography in nine @entity1 , ultrasonography [US] in three) and histopathologic specimens were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The hallmark imaging feature was lobulated peritoneal masses (mean number, 4.4; range, 1-17) with a mean diameter of 5.0 cm (range, 2-12 cm). Omental and paravesical @entity5 were each present in six @entity1 . Retroperitoneal masses were present in three @entity1 . The @entity5 were well defined and hypoechoic at US. Heterogeneity due to @entity548 or @entity39 was seen in seven @entity1 . Ascites was present in five @entity1 . Parenchymal and/or serosal hepatic metastases, punctate calcifications, nodular peritoneal thickening, lymphadenopathy, @entity3041 , and @entity1744 were less common associated findings. CONCLUSION: Bulky peritoneal soft-tissue masses without an apparent organ-based primary site are characteristic of intraabdominal @entity2269 . Although the findings are nonspecific, this diagnosis can be considered in adolescents and young adults with characteristic imaging findings.

title: XXXX of the abdomen: radiologic-histopathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic small round cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity2269 :: (MESH:D058405,Disease) :: ['Desmoplastic small round cell tumor']


abstract: In contrast to low-grade @entity1892 originating in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, only few cytogenetic data are available for the large cell, highly malignant variants. We studied 31 large @entity1892 of the GI tract by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization using specific DNA probes (FISH). The most frequent aberrations were gains of all or of parts of chromosomes 11 (11 cases), 12 (9 cases), 1q (4 cases), and 3q (4 cases). Losses of parts of chromosome 6q and of parts of the short arm of chromosome 17 (6 cases each) were found most frequently. In four cases a total of seven high-level DNA amplifications was detected. In two of these cases, involvement of specific protooncogenes ( @entity4632 and MYC) was shown. Some genetic aberrations seemed to be associated with an inferior clinical course: @entity1 with >/=2 aberrations had a significantly shorter median survival. Furthermore, all @entity1 with gains of all or parts of chromosome arm 1q and with high-level DNA amplifications as well as seven of nine @entity1 with gains of all or parts of chromosome 12 died of @entity706 . In conclusion, the pattern of chromosomal gains and losses in large @entity1892 was different from data reported for low-grade (MALT) @entity706 and bowel, especially with respect to the high incidence of partial gains of chromosome arm 11q and of all or parts of chromosome 12 and the low frequency of polysomy 3. In addition, our data suggest that chromosomal gains and losses detected by CGH and FISH may predict for the outcome of @entity1 with this @entity5 entity.

title: Characteristic pattern of chromosomal gains and losses in primary large XXXX of the gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphomas']


abstract: The effects of @entity4488 on cardiac electrophysiologic parameters and on inducibility of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) by programmed stimulation were studied in 12 @entity1 (11 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 , mean age +/- standard deviation 55 +/- 8 years) with drug refractory sustained monomorphic @entity1165 who underwent transcatheter ablation with high-energy direct-current shocks. One catheter ablation procedure was performed in 10 @entity1 , whereas 2 ablation sessions were necessary in 2 @entity1 . Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed on 2 separate days (mean interval 19). There were 2 baseline studies, 1 several days before ("baseline study I") and the second at the beginning of the ablation procedure ("baseline study II") while the @entity1 was awake and nonsedated. The third programmed stimulation study was done 15 to 30 minutes after administration of anesthesia with @entity4488 , @entity26 and @entity3810 (" @entity4488 study"). Rate of sinus rhythm, QRS duration, PQ interval and ventricular effective refractory period were unaltered, whereas QTc interval increased significantly after initiation of anesthesia. Before and after induction of general anesthesia, clinical @entity1165 was inducible in all @entity1 . However, in 1 @entity1 , induction of @entity1165 was only possible by pacing in the left ventricle after @entity4488 administration. Based on these data, it is concluded that general anesthesia with @entity4488 , @entity26 and @entity3810 has no marked influence on inducibility of clinical VTs. Therefore, this type of anesthesia may be useful for nonpharmacologic, ablative procedures requiring general anesthesia.

title: Effects of @entity4488 on inducibility of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: The TH line was established by bringing @entity5 cells from a multiple @entity1582 @entity1 into suspension culture and subsequently cloning them by limiting dilution. The cultured cells show marked heterogeneity; there are ultrastructural differences between small and large TH cells, particularly with respect to the @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Karyotyping revealed chromosome numbers in the triploid range, with many @entity2526 , at the 14q32 region among others. A t(14;18) could not be demonstrated. TH was shown to have germline and a rearranged allele for kappa light chain, and only a single rearranged gene for heavy chain immunoglobulin. TH expressed @entity19305 , @entity6460 , @entity1361 and @entity3053 antigens, HLA class II, @entity1893 and kappa light chain, but few or no other antigens associated with the B-cell lineage. Light chain kappa and trace amounts of IgG3 were found intracellularly as well as in culture supernatant. The addition of @entity650 to cultures of TH increased proliferation, as well as the secretion of kappa light chain and the membrane expression of @entity1361 and @entity3053 antigens. Because TH has relatively few B cell markers on its membrane, it may be useful for the induction of monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity1 plasma cells. It also provides a model for the demonstration that @entity650 can act as a paracrine growth and differentiation factor for cells of myelomal origin.

title: Characterization of a XXXX plasmacytoma line.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['rough endoplasmatic reticulum', 'RER']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the extracellular matrix remodeling. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that @entity22534 are upregulated in the dilated failing hearts and involved in the development and progression of @entity296 . However, little is known about the role of MMPs in mediating adverse @entity296 in response to chronic pressure overload (PO). We, thus, hypothesized that selective disruption of the @entity5780 gene could ameliorate PO-induced @entity299 in @entity19 . PO @entity1184 was induced by transverse aortic constriction ( @entity11636 ) in male @entity5780 knockout (KO) @entity19 (n=10) and sibling @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 (n=9). At 6 weeks, myocardial @entity5780 zymographic activity was 2.4-fold increased in @entity164 + @entity11636 , and this increase was not observed in KO+ @entity11636 , with no significant alterations in other MMPs ( @entity56018 ) or tissue inhibitors of MMPs (1, 2, 3, and 4). @entity11636 resulted in a significant increase in left ventricular (LV) weight and LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) with preserved systolic function. KO+ @entity11636 @entity19 exerted significantly lower LV weight/body weight (4.2+/-0.2 versus 5.0+/-0.2 mg/g; P<0.01), lung weight/body weight (4.9+/-0.2 versus 6.2+/-0.4 mg/g; P<0.01), and LV end-diastolic pressure (4+/-1 versus 10+/-2 mm Hg; P<0.05) than @entity164 + @entity11636 @entity19 despite comparable aortic pressure. KO+ @entity11636 @entity19 had less myocyte @entity1184 (cross-sectional area; 322+/-14 versus 392+/-14 microm2; P<0.01) and interstitial @entity82 (collagen volume fraction; 3.3+/-0.5 versus 8.2+/-1.0%; P<0.01) than @entity164 + @entity11636 @entity19 . @entity5780 plays an important role in PO-induced @entity1002 . The inhibition of @entity5780 activation may, therefore, be a useful therapeutic strategy to manage @entity101 .

title: Targeted deletion of @entity5780 ameliorates @entity296 in XXXX with chronic pressure overload.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy and dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Lymphocytic and @entity8116 are rare pituitary masses. A series of five dealt with at a single centre is presented and discussed. Retrospective analysis of pathology records revealed the cases. Of @entity4611 dealt with in this centre, 0.8% have the diagnosis. Five females presented, one pregnant at the time of presentation, three presenting with signs and symptoms of @entity7961 , and two with @entity227 . All were treated by surgical means. All had @entity227 , but all were panhypopituitary. Follow-up was for a mean of 4 years and 1 month. This rare condition should be treated by surgical means to obtain a diagnosis. Further treatment of @entity5 can be with corticosteroids. Good visual function should be expected, but so should permanent loss of pituitary function.

title: Lymphocytic and XXXX : a single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['good postoperative visual function', 'visual problems']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour']

entities_list: @entity8116 :: ('MESH:D007960', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytic hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary mass lesions']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

answer: @entity8116 :: (MESH:D007960,Disease) :: ['granulocytic hypophysitis']


abstract: Cellular adhesion molecules are crucial determinants of the migration of immune effector cells to the tissues. In chronic inflammatory diseases, upregulation of the expression of these molecules may contribute to the persistent inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is evidence of adhesion molecule expression in chronically inflamed lung. Soluble adhesion molecules in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay in 54 @entity1 with chronic @entity401 and 16 normal controls. Adhesion molecule expression in @entity3794 ( @entity3794 ) lung and in control lung was assessed using immunohistology and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. Soluble @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) was detected in all but two subjects. There was no difference in @entity2071 concentration between disease groups and normal subjects. In contrast, soluble @entity4105 was detected in 17 of the 70 subjects and was significantly associated with the presence of @entity358 (p=0.0173). Furthermore, the presence of soluble @entity4105 was associated with a raised lymphocyte percentage in BALF (p=0.0069). Soluble VCAM was only detected in five of the 70 subjects (two normals, three @entity1 ). There was no difference in adhesion molecule expression in lung parenchyma between @entity3794 and controls assessed by immunohistology and RT-PCR. The most striking finding of our study was the universal expression of @entity2071 in both normal and diseased lung, emphasizing the important role of the lung in immune function. Upregulation of @entity4105 may contribute to inflammatory cell accumulation in chronic @entity401 .

title: Adhesion molecule expression in the lung: a comparison between normal and diffuse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosing alveolitis', 'FA']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Endoscopic thoracic sympathetic block at T4 (ESB4) provides excellent results in @entity1 with primary @entity1119 ( @entity1119 ) of the upper limb. Most @entity1 have combined @entity427 . This study evaluates the clinical outcome of @entity1 with upper limb @entity1119 with special emphasis on @entity1411 and @entity1 ' quality of life. DESIGN: Review of a prospectively gathered database. SETTING: Tertiary care university teaching hospital. @entity1 : The cohort included 73 @entity1 (50 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ; mean age, 30.2 years). Twenty-six @entity1 had palmar; 3, isolated axillary; and 44, combined @entity1119 . Sixty-six @entity1 (90.4%) had concomitant plantar @entity1119 . INTERVENTIONS: One hundred forty-five operations were performed by applying one 5-mm clip above and below the fourth sympathetic ganglion. RESULTS: Of palms, 71.9% were completely and 28.1% were nearly dry. Corresponding percentages were 45.1% and 50.5% for armpits and 4.5% and 37.9% for the soles, respectively. Of soles, 42.4% remained unchanged and 15.2% became slightly worse. @entity3190 occurred in 19.4% of @entity1 , with 2.8% having severe @entity3190 . Feet were rarely affected by @entity3190 (5.6%). @entity8810 was reported by 31.9% of @entity1 but did not bother them. Quality of life improved significantly after ESB4. Most @entity1 (87.5%) were completely satisfied with the outcome; 9.7% were partly satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of upper limb @entity1119 , ESB4 yields excellent success rates. Plantar sweating can be relieved in nearly half of @entity1 , although exact neurophysiologic mechanisms remain unclear. Incidence of compensatory and @entity8810 is low, contributing to a high @entity1 satisfaction and improvement in quality of life.

title: Effect of endoscopic thoracic sympathetic block on plantar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['gustatory sweating', 'Gustatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar sweating']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis', 'HH']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory sweating', 'compensatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['palmo-plantar or palmo-axillary-plantar HH']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical management of left @entity694 presenting as an @entity697 remains controversial and still is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Recently, @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) have been used as a bridge to surgery in an attempt to decompress the colon and then allow elective one-stage surgical resection without stoma placement. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of emergency surgery alone with emergency placement of colonic @entity1702 as a bridge to surgery in terms of efficiency and reduction of the stoma placement rate. METHODS: A multicenter prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted according to the consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) Statement criteria. @entity1 eligible for the study were randomized to either emergency surgery or emergency @entity1702 as a bridge to surgery. The primary outcome was the need for a stoma (temporary or permanent) for any reason. The secondary end points were mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Nine centers participated in the trial. Among the 70 @entity1 eligible for the study, 60 were randomized and included for the final analysis, 30 @entity1 in each group. Seven @entity1 were randomized but did not fulfill the entry requirements, whereas three further eligible @entity1 were not randomized for various reasons. Concerning the primary outcome, 17 @entity1 in the surgery group sustained a stoma placement versus 13 @entity1 in the @entity1702 group (p=0.30). No statistically significant difference was noted concerning the secondary outcomes. A total of 16 attempts at @entity1702 placement (53.3%) were technical failures. Two colonic perforations directly related to the stent placement procedure occurred among the 30 randomized @entity1 and 1 perforation occurred among the nonrandomized @entity1 , leading to premature closure of inclusions in the study before the expected number of 80 @entity1 was reached. CONCLUSION: This randomized trial failed to demonstrate that emergency preoperative @entity1702 for @entity1 presenting with acute left-sided malignant @entity694 could significantly decrease the need for stoma placement.

title: Emergency preoperative stenting versus surgery for acute left-sided malignant XXXX : a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer', 'colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['self-expandable metallic stents', 'SEMS']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic obstruction']


abstract: The anesthetic management of a @entity1 with @entity43 (16.5kg) was reported. The @entity1 was a 32 year old female with @entity306 and @entity1032 . The management of anesthesia in this case including induction of anesthesia, intra-operative @entity551 due to @entity5 and post operative @entity358 , should be considered carefully. Especially, the monitoring of central venous pressure was essential, because the venous return fluctuates markedly depending on the surgical procedure. @entity1 had no premedication. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1508 , @entity3810 and @entity26 by mask with the monitoring of ECG, and radial arterial as well as central venous pressure. Following easy tracheal intubation, @entity5143 occurred, which induced multifocal PVC's. This PVC turned to bigeminy and treatment with such drug as @entity3303 was not effective. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity4488 , @entity3810 and @entity26 . Bigeminy disappeared 5 minutes after discontinuing enflurane anesthesia. Post-operative course was uneventful. The merit of slow induction method with @entity1508 , @entity3810 and @entity26 has not been proved in this special case.

title: [Anesthetic management of a @entity1 with XXXX complicated with @entity306 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['a giant ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['severe mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of tumor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complication']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['a giant ovarian tumor']


abstract: Fenestrated @entity118 (F-ASDs) may pose a challenge to device closure; recently, a cribriform device with a minimal connecting intrawaist diameter and large, equal left- and right-sided discs has been designed to cover more than one adjacent defect. This study demonstrates the feasibility and technical aspects of closing F-ASDs using this new device. Sixteen @entity1 between August 2003 and January 2006 were included in this study. The inclusion criterion was the presence of a F-ASD diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography. One of the three available cribriform ASD device sizes (18, 25, or 35 mm) was implanted. @entity1 were followed for at least 1 year after the procedure. Thirteen @entity1 had successful cribriform ASD device implantation (median age and weight, 12.5 years and 36 kg, respectively). Ten @entity1 (62%) had an associated @entity439 . The mean procedure time was 75.6 +/- 28.5 min and the mean fluoroscopy time 14.8 +/- 6.3 min. The RVEDD was significantly reduced, from a mean of 24.2 mm to 21.0 (p < 0.05). One @entity1 developed @entity591 requiring cardioversion during the procedure. There were no embolic events, @entity616 , or mortality. Complete closure was 10 of 13 (77 %) the next day and 12 of 13 (92%) at 6 and 12 months. We conclude that the cribriform Amplatzer device can be successfully and safely used in @entity1 with F-ASDs. Complete closure may take up to 6 months.

title: Cribriform amplatzer device closure of fenestrated XXXX : feasibility and technical aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess frequency and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of non-fermenting gram-negative rods isolated from clinical specimens obtained from @entity1 requiring intensive care, with emphasis on profile of the unit. Identification of cultured isolates was done using automated VITEK and API systems (bioMerieux, France). Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was tested by a disk-diffusion method according to the NCCLS recommendations. In total the analysis comprised 425 strains of non-fermenting gram-negative rods, constituting 58.9% of all isolates of gram-negative bacteria. In blood cultures predominated strains of A. baumannii (46.8%) and @entity796 (40.4%), while in cultures of other clinical specimens these bacteria comprised 42.9% and 43.9% of isolates. Major differences were observed in frequency of these species on both ICU units. Strains of non-fermenting rods isolated from blood cultures comprised a lower percentage of strains susceptible to antimicrobials (particularly cefepime and carbapenems) than isolates cultured from other specimens. Strains of A. baumannii resistant to @entity2892 and @entity2889 were detected with a frequency of 12.5% and 26.7%, respectively. Resistance of @entity796 strains to carbapenems was 62.2% and 44.3%, respectively. There was a relatively high percentage of strains susceptible to cefepime (82.0%), @entity5505 (78.9%), @entity4509 (77.8%) and @entity3400 / @entity7120 (69.7%). CONCLUSIONS: 1. There was a predominance (58.9%) of strains of gram-negative non-fermenting rods. 2. Isolates from blood cultures were characterised by a much higher percentage of resistant strains in comparison to other specimens. 3. Strains of A. baumannii resistant to carbapenems were recorded. 4. There were differences in frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility among the strains of @entity796 and A. baumannii depending on the type of clinical specimen and ICU profile.

title: [Frequency and susceptibility patterns of non-fermenting gram-negative rods isolated from XXXX hospitalised in intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the stabilizing function of atlanto-axial ligaments in @entity235 . STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric biomechanical study. ANIMALS: @entity235 cadavers (n   =   10). METHODS: The craniocervical region was collected from 10 Beagle cadavers, and the occipito-atlanto-axial region was prepared and freed from the surrounding muscles. Care was taken to preserve integrity of the atlantoaxial ligaments and @entity9807 . The atlanto-occipital joints were blocked with 2 diverging transarticular 1.8   mm positive threaded K-wires. Specimen extremities were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and mounted on a simulator testing shear load at the @entity9807 . Range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) were determined with all ligaments intact, after cutting the apical ligament, both alar ligaments, the transverse ligaments and finally after cutting the dorsal atlantoaxial ligament. RESULTS: ROM increased similarly and stepwise during testing. The most significant increase was observed after transection of the alar ligaments. CONCLUSION: The alar ligaments seem to be the most important ligamentous structures for stabilization of the @entity9807 under shear load.

title: Biomechanical evaluation of the stabilizing function of the atlantoaxial ligaments under shear loading: a XXXX cadaveric study.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['dogs', 'Beagle dog']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial joint capsule', 'atlantoaxial joint']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity1442 confined to the head and neck region were treated with intra-arterial (IA) @entity900 and @entity10049 (FUDR) using implantable pumps or injection ports. @entity5 histologies were: 16 squamous cell, one mucoepidermoid, one @entity420 , one neuroendocrine, four adenoid cystic, two acinic cell, one @entity1492 , and one @entity320 . All primaries originated from tissues in the head and neck area. Nineteen @entity1 had received prior treatment, including chemotherapy in 13; eight were newly diagnosed. Responses in 26 evaluable @entity1 were two complete (CR), ten partial (PR), six minor (MR), and eight progressions. The median duration of response was 5 months, with a range of 2 to 11 months. Sites of progression were within the infused volume in 13 @entity1 and to uninfused local-regional or distant sites in eight. The response rate in the subset of 15 @entity1 with @entity135 was 47%. @entity137 in the 26 @entity1 included @entity3136 in 88%, @entity390 and @entity391 in 64%, myelosuppression in 15%, and grade 1 nephrotoxicity in 1%. A regional advantage for IA @entity900 and FUDR can be calculated based on total body clearance rates ( @entity16097 ) for these agents and estimates of external carotid artery (ECA) blood flow. However, frequent progression of disease outside the infused volume to regional and distant sites limits the usefulness of this approach in @entity66 @entity1 .

title: Intra-arterial XXXX and FUDR in @entity1442 confined to the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced malignancies']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity65 is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both @entity1 and @entity1 , but the incidence for @entity1 rises sharply after menopause. This has been mainly attributed in the reduction of the female sex hormone @entity172 during menopause, suggesting that @entity172 may have cardioprotective effects, although how @entity172 exerts its cardioprotective effects is not fully understood. Moreover, the beneficial effect of @entity172 on end-organ damage such as @entity1283 ( @entity1283 ) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the interaction between @entity172 and the @entity262 ( @entity262 ) and their possible roles during the development of @entity1283 by using the proANP heterozygous atrial natriuretic peptide ( @entity14662 +/-) @entity19 as a model of salt-sensitive @entity1283 . Male, female @entity14662 +/- @entity19 , and also ovariectomized (Ovx) female @entity14662 +/- @entity19 treated with oil or @entity172 were fed either a normal or @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) diet. After a 5-week treatment period, marked @entity1283 was noted in the male and oil-injected Ovx female @entity14662 +/- @entity19 treated with @entity1702 . The @entity299 , i.e. @entity14662 , was activated in these @entity14662 +/- @entity19 . Interestingly, the female and @entity172 -injected Ovx female @entity14662 +/- @entity19 did not exhibit @entity1283 , and the @entity299 remained unchanged. Collectively, we provide direct evidence that @entity172 has the ability to resist the induction of salt-induced @entity1283 in @entity14662 +/- @entity19 . Furthermore, the development of @entity1184 may be activating the @entity299 in an attempt to blunt these structural changes.

title: XXXX protects against the development of salt-induced @entity1283 in heterozygous proANP gene-disrupted @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity14662 :: ('230899(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ANP', 'ANP, B-type natriuretic peptide, and natriuretic peptide receptor-A']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['NPS', 'natriuretic peptide system']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac NPS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: Respiratory input impedance ( @entity56533 ) over a wide range of frequencies (f) has been shown to be useful in determining airway resistance (Raw) and tissue resistance in @entity235 or airway wall properties in @entity1 adults. @entity56533 measurements are noninvasive and, therefore, potentially useful in investigation of airway mechanics in @entity1 . However, accurate measurements of @entity56533 at these f values with the use of forced oscillatory techniques (FOT) in @entity1 are difficult because of their relatively high Raw and large compliance of the face mask. If pseudorandom noise pressure oscillations generated by a loudspeaker are applied at the airway opening (FOT), the power of the resulting flow decreases inversely with f because of capacitive shunting into the volume of the gas in the speaker chamber and in the face mask. We studied whether high-frequency respiratory @entity56533 can be measured by using rapid flow interruption [ @entity2101 ( @entity2101 )], in which we expect the flow amplitude in the respiratory system to be higher than in the FOT. We compared @entity56533 measured by @entity2101 with @entity56533 measured by FOT in a dried @entity235 lung and in five healthy adult subjects. The impedance was calculated from two pressure signals measured between the mouth and the @entity2101 valve. The impedance could be assessed from 32 to 800 Hz. Its real part at low f as well as the f and amplitude of the first and second acoustic resonance, measured by FOT and by @entity2101 , were not significantly different. The power spectrum of oscillatory flow when the @entity2101 was used showed amplitudes that were at least 100 times greater than those when FOT was used, increasing at f > 400 Hz. In conclusion, the @entity2101 enables the measurement of high-frequency @entity56533 data ranging from 32 to 800 Hz with particularly high flow amplitudes and, therefore, possibly better signal-to-noise ratio. This is particularly important in systems with high Raw, e.g., in @entity1 , when measurements have to be performed through a face mask.

title: XXXX respiratory input impedance between 32 and 800 Hz, measured by interrupter technique and forced oscillations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-speed interrupter technique', 'HIT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: AIMS: Despite better overall survival in node-negative advanced @entity356 (AGC), a significant proportion of @entity1 develop recurrence and they may benefit from adjuvant therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and recurrence pattern of node-negative AGC. METHODS: A total of 424 @entity1 who underwent curative gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for node-negative AGC between 2003 and 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with @entity5 involvement of adjacent organs (T4b), @entity356 recurrence, @entity5 in the remnant stomach, less than 15 harvested lymph nodes, and those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. RESULTS: Invasion to deeper layers, undifferentiated histology, signet ring cell type compared with @entity420 , and @entity5 size larger than 6.3 cm correlated with poorer prognosis in univariate analysis. In multivariate one, however, only differentiation and depth of invasion, especially the presence of serosa involvement were significant. The 5-year survival rates of the four groups classified by differentiation and depth of invasion [T2/3 (differentiated type), T2/3 (undifferentiated type), @entity6461 (differentiated type), and @entity6461 (undifferentiated type)] were 98%, 92%, 80%, and 72%, respectively (P < 0.01). In terms of recurrence pattern, Lauren's type and depth of invasion were significant. Recurrence with peritoneal seeding was associated with the diffuse type and invasion into the subserosa or serosa, while hematogenous metastasis was related to the intestinal type and invasion to the proper muscle or subserosa layer. CONCLUSIONS: Differentiation and serosa involvement should be considered to stratify @entity1 with node-negative AGC for adjuvant treatment.

title: Prognostic factors and recurrence pattern in node-negative advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: To clarify the role of @entity935 D1 and D2 receptors in the volume-induced micturition reflex, conscious, female @entity35 were investigated cystometrically before and after intravenous administration of @entity2344 (a selective D1 receptor agonist), @entity10095 (a selective D1 receptor antagonist), @entity11640 (a selective D2 receptor agonist), and @entity20129 (a selective D2 receptor antagonist). The effect of @entity11640 was also investigated in the presence of @entity20129 . Intravenous administration of @entity2344 (0.01-3.0 mg/kg) did not affect any cystometric parameters investigated. On the other hand, @entity10095 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg i.v.) @entity1494 capacity and micturition volumes and increased the micturition pressure in a dose-dependent manner. @entity11640 (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) given intravenously, dose-dependently decreased bladder capacity and micturition volumes. Pre-treatment with @entity20129 (1.0 mg/kg i.v.) significantly attenuated the effect of @entity11640 (0.1 mg/kg i.v.). @entity20129 (0.1-1.0 mg i.v.) itself did not cause any significant changes in the cystometric parameters. These results suggest that in conscious @entity35 , D1 receptors tonically inhibit the micturition reflex and that D2 receptors are involved in facilitation of the micturition reflex. It may be speculated that @entity427 associated with @entity191 results from activation failure of D1 receptors and that administration of D2 receptor agonists might worsen the condition.

title: Role of XXXX D1 and D2 receptors in the micturition reflex in conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole', 'Quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['reduced bladder']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity20129 :: ('MESH:D017330', 'Chemical') :: ['remoxipride', 'Remoxipride']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous cell kinetic studies have shown that the percentage of cells in S-phase (%S) of the @entity5 may be an important prognostic factor for @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with resected lymph node negative @entity0 . METHODS: This study examined DNA ploidy and %S from the paraffin embedded @entity5 of 265 @entity1 who had surgery between 1975 and 1981, had lymph node negative @entity5 , and had no adjuvant therapy. The %S and %G2M values were calculated using a debris and aggregate subtraction model. RESULTS: The results of the DNA ploidy analysis revealed 130 (49%) DNA diploid @entity5 and 135 (51%) DNA nondiploid @entity5 . Ploidy was not significant for either @entity4557 (P = 0.20) or @entity1349 (P = 0.13). The total %S (using a cutoff of 8%) was a statistically significant prognostic factor for @entity4557 (P = 0.003) and borderline for @entity1349 (P = 0.08). The proliferation fraction (%S + % @entity11067 ), using a cutoff of 12.5, was a statistically significant prognostic factor for @entity4557 (P = 0.01) and for @entity1349 (P = 0.01). In a Cox multivariate analysis for @entity4557 , the total %S remained significant (P = 0.05) along with @entity5 size. In the analysis of @entity1349 , the proliferation fraction remained significant (P = 0.03) along with @entity5 size and age. DNA ploidy was not significant in any multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity5 size and cell proliferation parameters are independent prognostic factors for @entity1 with resected lymph node negative @entity0 . However, the clinical usefulness of the cell kinetic parameters appears limited.

title: DNA ploidy and the percentage of cells in S-phase as prognostic factors for XXXX with lymph node negative @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity11067 :: ('p|SUB|G|2|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G2M']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This trial was designed to compare the efficacy and @entity137 of sequential versus alternating administration of @entity900 / @entity2879 and @entity1945 in @entity1 with previously untreated @entity5 ( @entity151 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred eighty-four chemotherapy-naive @entity1 were randomized between the sequential therapy arm (n=142; 4 cycles of @entity900 75 mg/m2 intravenously [I.V.] on day 1 with @entity2879 100 mg/m2 per day I.V. on days 1-3 followed by 4 cycles of @entity1945 1.5 mg/m2 per day I.V. on days 1-5) and the alternating arm (n=142; same doses of @entity900 / @entity2879 on cycles 1, 3, 5, and 7 and @entity1945 on cycles 2, 4, 6, and 8). Treatment cycles for both regimens were administered every 3 weeks. RESULTS: At this preliminary analysis, no statistically significant difference in the overall response rate, duration of response, time to disease progression, or median survival was observed between the 2 arms. A total of 756 cycles of the sequential therapy and 830 cycles of the alternating therapy were administered, with a median numbers of 6 and 7 cycles per @entity1 , respectively. @entity1945 was administered in 85 @entity1 on the sequential arm and 132 @entity1 on the alternating arm. Dose reductions for @entity137 were similar in both arms. Grade 3/4 @entity137 in the sequential and alternating arms, respectively, included @entity1398 (51% and 52%; P=NS), @entity417 (12% and 11%; P=NS), @entity1398 (7% and 9%; P=NS), @entity882 (19% and 20%; P=NS), and @entity1395 (8% and 2%; P=0.02). There were 4 @entity137 -related deaths in the sequential arm versus 3 in the alternating arm. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary conclusion is that the sequential and alternating regimens resulted in comparable activity and tolerability in previously untreated @entity1 with extensive-stage @entity151 .

title: Sequential versus alternating administration of @entity900 / XXXX and @entity1945 as first-line treatment in @entity5 : preliminary results of a Phase III Trial of the Hellenic Oncology Research Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['Topotecan', 'topotecan']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: The paradigm of long-term @entity1949 was used as a model of chronic inescapable stress in @entity35 . Several basic metabolic parameters (body weight changes, food and water intake, rectal temperature, serum @entity413 and @entity1011 ), adrenal and thyroid secretion, @entity1063 and @entity935 content and turnover in discrete brain regions, and open field behaviour were examined in the course of the exposure to experimental stress. Sleep deprivation over 7-9 days caused complete physical exhaustion of the animals. It was accompanied by @entity2332 and @entity7298 . Adrenal activity was characterized by significant @entity6392 , but also by a relative decrease of the responsiveness to ACTH. A gradual decrease in the thyroid secretion was observed. Sleep deprivation elicited a depletion of @entity1063 in the hypothalamus and decreased its turnover, whereas hippocampal @entity1063 content decreased without considerable turnover alterations. Striatal @entity935 content and turnover remained unaffected. Behavioural @entity308 and altered open field activity were also observed in exhausted animals. Long-term @entity1949 , therefore, seems to reproduce some of the biological correlates of the @entity308 , and may be useful in studying the development of coping failure as a result of chronic stress exposure.

title: Neuroendocrine and neurochemical consequences of long-term XXXX in @entity35 : similarities to some features of @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive illness', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hypercorticism']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['sleep deprivation']


abstract: In this study, we sought to determine the incidence of recovery room @entity933 in elderly @entity1 having @entity173 repair under general anesthesia and to discover whether recovery room @entity933 is associated with continuing @entity260 . In this prospective study, @entity1 undergoing @entity173 repair were anesthetized using a standardized protocol. In addition, @entity282 management was standardized in both the postoperative anesthesia care unit and in the hospital ward. The presence of @entity933 was determined using the confusion assessment method (CAM) score. Recovery room @entity933 was assessed by obtaining a CAM score at 60 min after discontinuation of @entity5161 . @entity260 was assessed by obtaining a daily CAM score during the postoperative in-hospital recovery period. Fifty @entity1 consented to the study and 47 @entity1 were included in the analysis (surgery cancelled postinduction n = 1; nonadherence to protocol n = 2). Average @entity1 age was 77 +/- 1 (mean +/- SE) yr (range, 56-98 yr). Seventy-seven percent of the study @entity1 were ASA class III or more. The prevalence of recovery room @entity933 was 45%. The prevalence of @entity260 was 36%. Recovery room @entity933 predicted @entity260 (P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test) with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85%. Analgesic doses administered in the postoperative anesthesia care unit and ward were similar in @entity1 with or without @entity260 . Results of this study show that recovery room @entity933 is a strong predictor of @entity260 . IMPLICATIONS: In @entity1 undergoing @entity173 repair, recovery room @entity933 is a strong predictor of @entity260 when using a standardized protocol for general anesthesia and @entity282 management.

title: Recovery room XXXX predicts @entity260 after @entity173 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium', 'Postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip-fracture']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: PURPOSE: The role of conservative surgery and radiation for mammographically detected @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) is controversial. In particular, there is little data for outcome with radiation in a group of @entity1 comparable to those treated with local excision and surveillance (mammographic @entity730 < or = 2.5 cm, negative resection margins, negative postbiopsy mammogram). This study reports outcome of conservative surgery and radiation for mammographically detected @entity3821 with an emphasis on results in @entity1 considered candidates for excision alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1983 to 1992, 110 @entity1 with mammographically detected @entity3821 (77% @entity730 +/- mass) and no prior history of @entity0 underwent needle localization and biopsy with (55%) or without a reexcision and radiation. Final margins of resection were negative in 62%, positive 7%, close 11%, and unknown 20%. The median @entity1 age was 56 years. The most common histologic subtype was comedo (54%), followed by cribriform (22%). The median pathologic tumor size was 8 mm (range 2 mm to 5 cm). Forty-seven percent of @entity1 with @entity730 only had a negative postbiopsy mammogram prior to radiation. Radiation consisted of treatment to the entire breast (median 50.00 Gy) and a boost to the primary site (97%) for a median total dose of 60.40 Gy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 5.3 years, three @entity1 developed a recurrence in the treated breast. The median interval to recurrence was 8.8 years and all were invasive @entity5 . Two (67%) occurred outside the initial quadrant. The 5- and 10-year actuarial rates of recurrence were 1 and 15%. Cause-specific survival was 100% at 5 and 10 years. @entity0 developed in two @entity1 . There were too few failures for statistical significance to be achieved with any of the following factors: @entity1 age, family history, race, mammographic findings, location primary, pathologic size, histologic subtype, reexcision, or final margin status. However, young age, positive or close margins, and the presence of a mass without @entity730 had a trend for an increased risk of recurrence. There were no recurrences in the subset of 16 @entity1 who would be candidates for surveillance by Lagios' criteria. CONCLUSION: For selected @entity1 , conservative surgery and radiation for mammographically detected @entity3821 results in a low risk of recurrence in the treated breast and 100% 5- and 10-year cause-specific survival. Improved mammographic and pathologic evaluation results in better @entity1 selection and reduces the risk of the subsequent appearance of @entity3821 in the biopsy site. The identification of risk factors for an ipsilateral invasive breast recurrence is evolving.

title: Results of conservative surgery and radiation for mammographically detected @entity3821 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Contralateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['DCIS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effects of imposed anisometropic retinal defocus on accommodation, ocular growth, and refractive state changes in marmosets. METHODS: Marmosets were raised with extended-wear soft contact lenses for an average duration of 10 weeks beginning at an average age of 76 d. Experimental animals wore either a positive or negative power contact lens over one eye and a plano lens or no lens over the other. Another group wore binocular lenses of equal magnitude but opposite sign. Untreated marmosets served as controls and three wore plano lenses monocularly. Cycloplegic refractive state, corneal curvature, and vitreous chamber depth were measured before, during, and after the period of lens wear. To investigate the accommodative response, the effective refractive state was measured through each anisometropic condition at varying accommodative stimuli positions using an infrared refractometer. RESULTS: Eye growth and refractive state are significantly correlated with the sign and power of the contact lens worn. The eyes of marmosets reared with monocular negative power lenses had longer vitreous chambers and were myopic relative to contralateral control eyes (p < 0.01). Monocular positive power lenses produced a significant reduction in vitreous chamber depth and @entity3467 relative to the contralateral control eyes (p < 0.05). In marmosets reared binocularly with lenses of opposite sign, we found larger interocular differences in vitreous chamber depths and refractive state (p < 0.001). Accommodation influences the defocus experienced through the lenses, however, the mean effective refractive state was still @entity3467 in the negative-lens-treated eyes and @entity1714 in the positive-lens-treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Imposed @entity9340 effectively alters marmoset eye growth and refractive state to compensate for the imposed defocus. The response to imposed @entity3467 is larger and faster than the response to imposed @entity1714 . The pattern of accommodation under imposed @entity9340 produces effective refractive states that are consistent with the changes in eye growth and refractive state observed.

title: Imposed XXXX , accommodation, and regulation of refractive state.

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

answer: @entity9340 :: (MESH:D015858,Disease) :: ['anisometropia']


abstract: The effect of @entity5597 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activation and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity842 (NO) production was studied in primary cultures of @entity35 glial cells. Incubation of cells with LPS elicited translocation of @entity7131 from the cytosolic to the membranous compartment, as shown by measuring @entity7131 activity and by immunoblotting. Under these conditions, a sustained increase in both @entity1421 and NO production was measured. Thus, @entity1421 levels were 259 +/- 28 (n = 8) and 230 +/- 48 (n = 4) (control levels 11.4 +/- 5.2 (n = 5) and 13 +/- 7.5 (n = 3)) pg/ml, at 24 and 48 h, respectively. NO levels were 9.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 10) and 11.6 +/- 0.8 (n = 9) (control levels 0.4 +/- 0.18 and 1.0 +/- 0.44) nmol/ml, at 24 and 48 h, respectively. @entity5597 , a naturally occurring compound, which inhibits @entity7131 activity, elicited a concentration-dependent decrease in LPS-mediated @entity1421 production. This inhibition was more pronounced after 48 h than after 24 h of incubation (IC50 = 8 and 20 microg @entity5597 , respectively). By contrast, @entity5597 did not inhibit NO production under the same conditions. We conclude that @entity5597 may be involved in modulation of the local inflammatory response in glial cells, at least in part. We also surmise that LPS-mediated @entity1421 production and NO production are probably regulated by different mechanisms, i.e., a @entity7131 -dependent and a @entity7131 -independent mechanism.

title: Effect of @entity5597 on @entity35 glial cells: inhibition of XXXX and insensitivity of @entity842 generation.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity5597 :: ('MESH:D013110', 'Chemical') :: ['Sphingosine', 'sphingosine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of pancreatic stone protein in predicting @entity260 and @entity204 in the ICU. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of postoperative @entity1 admitted to the ICU. Blood samples for analysis were taken within 3 hours from admission to the ICU including pancreatic stone protein, white blood cell counts, @entity1851 , @entity650 , and @entity1904 . The @entity298 Index and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II clinical scores were also determined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the diagnostic accuracy and independent predictors of @entity204 in the ICU [Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01465711]. SETTING: An adult medical-surgical ICU in a teaching hospital in Germany. @entity1 : Ninety-one consecutive postoperative @entity1 with proven diagnosis of @entity298 admitted to the ICU were included in the study from August 17, 2007, to February 8, 2010. INTERVENTIONS: Peripheral vein blood sampling. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Univariate analysis demonstrated that pancreatic stone protein has the highest diagnostic accuracy for complications and is the best predictor for @entity204 in the ICU. @entity788 protein had the highest overall efficacy in predicting @entity204 with an odds ratio of 4.0 vs. @entity1904 (odds ratio 3.2), @entity650 (odds ratio 2.8), @entity1851 (odds ratio 1.3), and WBCs (odds ratio 1.4). By multivariate analysis, pancreatic stone protein was the only independent predictor of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: In a population of @entity1 with @entity532 , serum-pancreatic stone protein levels demonstrate a high diagnostic accuracy to discriminate the severity of @entity298 and to predict @entity204 in the ICU. This test could be of value in the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic decision making in the ICU.

title: @entity788 protein predicts outcome in @entity1 with XXXX in the ICU.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic stone']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis-related complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis-related postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['secondary peritonitis', 'Mannheim Peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Congenital @entity600 constitute a diverse group of lesions. There is considerable @entity911 in the literature regarding their terminology and a proper classification is long overdue. The first part of this two part report sets out a proposed classification scheme. METHODS: On the basis of this author's experience with 80 @entity1 with a @entity600 treated over a 10 year period, a new classification is proposed. The proposed classification divides congenital @entity600 into two broad groups: 1. @entity362 without @entity154 and, 2. @entity362 with @entity154 . Within each group, there are several subtypes. These two broad groups differ from one another in their embryology, clinical presentation, operative findings, complications and prognosis FINDINGS: Group I consists of @entity362 without @entity154 . Included in this group are: Filum @entity362 , @entity362 without @entity362 . Group II consists of @entity362 with @entity154 . Included in this group are: dorsal @entity362 , @entity362 with @entity154 , transitional @entity362 , lipomyelocele, and lipomyelomeningocele. The definitions of the various subtypes and radiological and operative findings of all these lesions are described. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital @entity600 constitute a wide spectrum of lesions ranging from relatively simple @entity362 of the filum terminale to complex @entity600 . These lesions differ from one another in their embryology, clinical presentation, operative strategies, complications and prognosis. Failure to differentiate between the different forms of congenital @entity600 may lead to inaccurate assumptions regarding prognosis and inappropriate management. The proposed classification seeks to address these issues.

title: Congenital XXXX : part I--Classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dural defect']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'lipomas', 'Lipomas', 'caudal lipoma', 'dural defect, and intramedullary lipoma']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital spinal lipomatous malformation', 'spinal lipomatous malformations']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['spinal lipomatous malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have been published on the histopathology of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR), and most of these lack information on skin allergological tests. The histopathology of @entity137 with @entity1712 and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is also seldom described. The purpose of our study was to examine six types of well-documented CADR ( @entity1910 , DRESS, fixed @entity203 , @entity6715 , @entity137 [ @entity137 ], and @entity16215 ) using histopathology and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of @entity35424 , a key molecule in @entity137 . METHODS: We retrospectively included 106 skin biopsies performed in proven cases of CADR (by chronological investigation, single attributable drug, or/and skin tests). All slides were reviewed, and microscopic changes were analyzed using a standardized form. @entity35424 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In DRESS, we observed spongiosis, @entity4 , and basal vacuolization, with rare @entity39 keratinocytes and constant lymphocytic infiltrate in the superficial dermis. Eosinophils were often present, and pustules were found in 15% of cases. @entity39 keratinocytes are often absent in @entity1910 . @entity35424 was expressed in six types of CADR with a trend toward more intense expression in DRESS and @entity137 . CONCLUSION: We detailed further about the histopathology of DRESS. @entity35424 expression was observed in all CADR with a marked overlap of expression pattern between the six types.

title: Histopathological study of six types of adverse cutaneous drug reactions using XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity35424 :: ('10578', 'Gene') :: ['granulysin', 'Granulysin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'drug reaction', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['maculopapular exanthema']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'Necrotic']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['drug eruption']

entities_list: @entity16215 :: ('MESH:D056150', 'Disease') :: ['acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis']

answer: @entity35424 :: (10578,Gene) :: ['granulysin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of @entity296 (or both) and @entity33961 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Giant cell granulomas of the lung and myocardium were demonstrated in three @entity1 who had pulmonary and @entity296 of @entity33961 in conjunction with @entity272 , @entity1431 , @entity1581 , and @entity465 . The @entity1 were two @entity1 who were 47 and 64 years of age and a 39-year-old @entity1 . RESULTS: Biopsies of skin and visceral lesions showed asteroid and cytoplasmic inclusions. B-cell lymphoid nodules were found. In one of the male @entity1 , a major @entity1619 -cell receptor gene rearrangement was detected in the peripheral blood. @entity229 was ineffective in two of the @entity1 . The other @entity1 experienced regression of @entity272 and diminishment of a chest nodule after receiving alkylating agent therapy. CONCLUSION: Establishing the correct diagnosis is important, and apparently it is possible to establish the nature of the @entity296 with use of appropriate scans and by biopsy. Successful treatment of @entity33961 @entity272 with @entity288 or alkylating agents (or both) implies that evolution of serious disease that compromises the heart and lungs could be controlled.

title: Giant cell granulomatous pulmonary and @entity296 in XXXX with @entity1581 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial lesions', 'pulmonary or myocardial disease', 'myocardial and pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['paraproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complement deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity33961 :: ('MESH:D058252', 'Disease') :: ['necrobiotic xanthogranuloma']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity33961 :: (MESH:D058252,Disease) :: ['necrobiotic xanthogranuloma']


abstract: This work was conducted by the French @entity1313 Data Bank (FBTDB) and aims to prospectively record all primary @entity1221 (PCNST), in France, for which histological diagnosis is available. Results concerning @entity1 are presented. This study analyzes the childhood cases (0-19 years) of newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed PCNST (during the years 2004-2006) which have been recorded by the FBTDB. All French neuropathology and neurosurgery departments participated in this program. Neurosurgeons and neuropathologists completed a data file containing socio-demographic, clinical, radiologic and anatomopathologic information. The @entity5 Registry from Herault was authorized to compile the data files with personal identifiers. About 1,017 cases (533 @entity1 and 484 @entity1 ) of newly diagnosed childhood PCNST have been recorded ( @entity11 : 52%, all other @entity10053 : 31%, @entity976 : 5%, germ cell @entity5 , @entity1653 and @entity808 : approximately 3% each, all histological subtypes have been detailed). @entity5 resections were performed in 83.3%, and biopsies in 16.7%. The distributions by histology, cryopreservation of the samples, age, sex, @entity5 site and surgery have been detailed. To our knowledge, this work is the first databank in Europe dedicated to PCNST that includes the collection of clinical, radiological and histological data (including cryopreservation of the specimen). The long term goals of the FBTDB are to create a national registry and a network to perform epidemiological studies, to implement clinical and basic research protocols, and to evaluate and harmonize the healthcare of @entity1 and adult @entity1 affected by PCNST.

title: Clinical epidemiology for childhood primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['neuroepithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity1221 :: (MESH:D016543,Disease) :: ['central nervous system tumors']


abstract: The @entity25 ( @entity25 ) is characterized by retroglossal or retropalatal narrowing. The site of obstruction, and the fact that negative pressure in the upper airway increases retroglossal airway size, suggests that tongue muscles may play a role in the maintenance of upper airway patency. We therefore hypothesized that tongue protrusion strength and @entity1295 may be predictors of apnoea/hypopnoea index, vary with age and may be different in @entity25 @entity1 and normal subjects. Maximal strength (Fmax) and @entity1295 (measured as the total time subjects were able to maintain 50% Fmax on three consecutive occasions separated by 30 s) were assessed using a force transducer in 98 consecutive apnoeic/hypopnoeic male @entity1 referred to our laboratory for sleep studies [apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) range 3-130/h, age range 30-74 y]. Fmax and @entity1295 were also compared in 15 male @entity25 @entity1 (mean AHI 20/h) and 15 nonsnoring male subjects matched for age, body mass index and fat free mass. A further 26 @entity25 @entity1 had tongue protrusion strength/ @entity1295 measured before, during and after a night's sleep. Log AHI was only weakly correlated with Fmax (r=- 0.21; P=0.03) and age (r=0.23; P=0.025), but not to @entity1295 (P > 0.05). Comparison between @entity25 and nonsnoring subjects did not demonstrate significant differences in Fmax (P=0.1) or @entity1295 (P=0.1). There was no evidence of a change in muscle strength (P > 0.05) or fatigue (P > 0.05) during the course of a night's sleep. We conclude that tongue protrusion strength and @entity1295 are unlikely to be important factors in the pathogenesis of @entity25 .

title: Tongue protrusion strength and XXXX : relationship to apnoea/hypopnoea index and age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatiguability']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['SAHS', 'sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatiguability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) was begun in 2002 to monitor international drug-resistance patterns among aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli isolated from @entity1 with @entity1320 . METHODS: In 2002, 40 medical centers from 17 countries collected consecutive non-duplicate isolates from @entity1320 for susceptibility testing against 12 antimicrobial agents using the broth microdilution methods recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). RESULTS: A total of 3,134 aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli were isolated. Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 82% of the total and were most consistently susceptible to @entity4509 and the carbapenems. @entity526 (45%) and @entity4005 spp. (17%) were the most common species. The susceptibility rates of these organisms to the 12 antimicrobial agents differed among geographic regions, with isolates from the Asia/Pacific and Latin American regions usually having the highest rates of resistance. @entity869 / @entity5899 was the agent least frequently active against @entity526 (56% susceptible) and @entity4005 spp. (73% susceptible). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were detected phenotypically in 7% of @entity526 , 13% of @entity4005 spp., and 18% of Enterobacter spp. Producers of ESBL overall had a more antibiotic-resistant profile than non-producers but were usually susceptible to carbapenems. CONCLUSIONS: Antimicrobial resistance rates among gram-negative bacilli isolated from @entity1320 differed among geographic regions. The carbapenems were consistently active in vitro against Enterobacteriaceae worldwide, including ESBL producers.

title: In vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli isolated from XXXX with @entity1320 worldwide: the 2002 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART).

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']