abstract: Skeletal muscles arise by cellular differentiation and regulated gene expression. Terminal differentiation programmes such as muscle growth, extension and attachment to the epidermis, lead to maturation of the muscles. These events require changes in chromatin organization as genes are differentially regulated. Here, we identify and characterise muscle wasted (mute), a novel component of the @entity238 @entity24482 locus body (HLB). We demonstrate that a mutation in mute leads to severe loss of muscle mass and an increase in levels of normal @entity24482 transcripts. Importantly, @entity238 @entity24483 ( @entity24483 ), a central myogenic differentiation factor, and how, an RNA binding protein required for muscle and tendon cell differentiation, are downregulated. @entity24483 targets are, in turn, misregulated. Notably, the degenerating muscles in mute mutants show aberrant localisation of @entity24484 ( @entity24484 ). We further show a genetic interaction between mute and the @entity24485 ( @entity24485 ) and a loss of muscle striations in @entity24486 mutants. These data demonstrate a novel role of HLB components and @entity24482 processing factors in the maintenance of muscle integrity. We speculate that mute regulates terminal muscle differentiation possibly through heterochromatic reorganisation.

title: Muscle wasted: a novel component of the @entity238 XXXX locus body required for muscle integrity.

entities_list: @entity24485 :: ('43448(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['Slbp', 'Stem-loop binding protein']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity24482 :: (43229(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['histone']


abstract: Prior work showed that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), at a rate of 8 microliters/min x 10 min, elevated @entity7421 pressure ( @entity7421 ) of conscious @entity35 after a 2-hour delay. The rise was associated with an increased resistance to outflow and decreased intracranial compliance. When maintained by a continuous infusion of 0.25 microliter/min into each lateral ventricle, @entity7421 recordings can be made for 24 h and a higher @entity7421 occurs. Here, we pretreated @entity35 with @entity3693 or @entity619 to determine their effects on the delayed @entity7421 rise. @entity3693 (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment, in a 6-hour protocol using only the 10-min infusion, slightly reduced @entity7421 (p < 0.05, one-tail test) but the time course of the delayed rise in @entity7421 was unchanged (p > 0.05). @entity3693 increased intracranial compliance (p < 0.05) 20 min after infusion when @entity7421 was normal, but not when @entity7421 was elevated at 4 h (p > 0.05). @entity619 (40 micrograms i.m.) pretreatment was tested in the 24-hour protocol. It reduced (p < 0.05) normal @entity7421 during the 2-hour lag after infusion and the @entity7421 rise was reduced (p < 0.05) for about 8 h. However, the time course and ending @entity7421 were unchanged (p > 0.05). Thus, prior cerebral vasoconstriction or a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug have partial efficacy in reducing @entity7421 , but do not prevent the unknown events that precede the delayed @entity7421 rise after i.c.v. infusions.

title: @entity619 and XXXX effects on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3693 :: ('MESH:D004874', 'Chemical') :: ['ergonovine', 'Ergonovine']

answer: @entity3693 :: (MESH:D004874,Chemical) :: ['ergonovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An estimated 5% of @entity0 and 10% of @entity43 may be due to inherited @entity5344 alleles @entity5345 und @entity2674 . According to population-based studies 1 or 2 @entity1 per 1000 carry such a risk allele. The cumulative @entity5 risk for healthy @entity1 with a BRCA-mutation is between 60 and 85% for @entity0 and between 20 and 60% for @entity43 . Recent studies have reported an increased risk for @entity0 in @entity1 after @entity0 . Since 1997 the German Cancer Aid has supported an interdisciplinary approach for high-risk @entity1 consisting of genetic testing, counselling and prevention in 12 specialised centres. Since 2005 this concept has received additional support from health insurance companies, and results have been assessed with regard to outcomes (e.g. reduced mortality due to more intensive early diagnosis). The number of centres has increased to 15 at various university hospitals. These interdisciplinary centres offer @entity1 the opportunity to participate in a structured screening programme for the early diagnosis of @entity0 and provide non-directive counselling on the options for risk-reducing surgery, e.g., prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, prophylactic bilateral mastectomy or contralateral prophylactic mastectomy after @entity0 . Such surgical interventions can significantly reduce the risk of disease, the respective disease-specific mortality and - particularly prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy - total mortality in BRCA-mutation carriers.

title: Risk-reducing Surgery in XXXX at Risk for Familial @entity5344 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'contralateral breast cancer', 'unilateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity43 have a 10% probability of carrying a @entity5345 mutation. If a mutation is identified, unaffected family members can undergo genetic testing and @entity5 risk-reducing strategies. We estimated the net health benefits and cost-effectiveness of different criteria for @entity5345 mutation testing in @entity1 with @entity43 , and the downstream benefits for their @entity196 ( @entity196 ). METHODS: We developed a Markov Monte Carlo simulation model to compare four criteria for @entity5345 testing in @entity1 with @entity43 : no testing (reference); only if personal history of @entity0 , family history of @entity5344 , or Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry; only if invasive @entity5 ; any invasive @entity5 . Net health benefit was life expectancy for @entity196 and primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The model estimated the number of future @entity5344 cases in @entity196 . RESULTS: @entity5345 testing based on personal/family history and ancestry could prevent future cases in @entity196 with an ICER of  32,018 per year of life (LY) gained compared with the reference strategy. @entity5345 testing based on serous or any nonmucinous @entity43 could prevent more @entity5 cases, but at ICERs of  128,465 and  148,363 per LY gained, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity5345 testing of @entity1 with @entity43 based on personal/family history of @entity5 or Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry is a cost-effective strategy to prevent future @entity5344 among @entity196 . More inclusive testing strategies prevent additional @entity5 cases but at significant cost.

title: Preventing future XXXX by testing @entity1 with @entity43 for @entity5345 mutations.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast and ovarian cancers', 'breast/ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nonmucinous epithelial cancer', 'serous cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['FDRs', 'first-degree relatives']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the haemodynamic effects of a hypertonic saline/dextran solution compared with a normal saline solution in @entity1 with severe @entity295 . DESIGN: Prospective double blind and control-randomised study. SETTING: Adult intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity1 : Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity295 with a pulmonary @entity432 (PAOP) lower than 12 mmHg. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomised to receive 250 ml of blinded solutions of either normal saline (SS group, n=16) or hypertonic saline ( @entity1219 7.5%)/dextran 70 8% (HSS group, n=13) solutions. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Haemodynamic, blood gas, and @entity1372 data were collected at the following time points: baseline, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, and 180 min. PAOP was higher in the HSS group at 30 min (10.7+/-3.2 mmHg vs 6.8+/-3.2 mmHg) and 60 min (10.3+/-3 mmHg vs 7.4+/-2.9 mmHg); P<0.05. The cardiac index increased in the HSS group and it was greater than the SS group at 30 min (6.5+/-4.7 l @entity1009 ) m(-2) vs 3.8+/-3.4 l @entity1009 ) m(-2)), 60 min (4.9+/-4.5 l @entity1009 ) m(-2) vs 3.7+/-3.3 l @entity1009 ) m(-2)), and 120 min (5.0+/-4.3 l @entity1009 ) m(-2) vs 4.1+/-3.4 l @entity1009 ) m(-2)); P<0.05. The @entity64 volume index followed a comparable course and it was higher at 30 min [53.6(39.2-62.8) ml m(-2) vs 35.6(31.2-49.2) ml m(-2)] and 60 min [46.8(39.7-56.6) ml m(-2) vs 33.9(32.2-47.7) ml m(-2)]; P<0.05. Systemic vascular resistance decreased in the HSS group and became significantly lower at 30 min (824+/-277 dyne s(-1) cm(-5) m(-2) vs 1139+/-245 dyne s(-1) cm(-5) m(-2)), 60 min (921+/-256 dyne s(-1) cm(-5) m(-2) vs 1246+/-308 dyne s(-1) cm(-5) m(-2)), and 120 min (925+/-226 dyne s(-1) cm(-5) m(-2) vs 1269+/-494 dyne s(-1) cm(-5) m(-2)). @entity1372 levels increased in the HSS group (P=0.056) and were higher than in the SS group at 30 min (145+/-3 mEq l(-1)vs 137+/-7 mEq l(-1)), 60 min (143+/-4 mEq l(-1) vs 136+/-7 mEq l(-1)), 120 (142+/-5 mEq l(-1)vs 136+/-7 mEq l(-1)), and 180 min (142+/-5 mEq l(-1) vs 136+/-8 mEq l(-1)). CONCLUSION: Hypertonic saline/dextran solution may improve cardiovascular performance in severe @entity295 without significant side effects. The haemodynamic effect appears related mainly to a volume effect.

title: Acute haemodynamic effects of a hypertonic saline/dextran solution in stable XXXX with severe @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium', 'Sodium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity19381 ( @entity19381 ) occurs in two biologically active forms, with 38 and 37 @entity535 residues ( @entity11697 and @entity11697 ). In @entity1 tissues, @entity11697 is the dominant form. Diverse effects have been described in the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems. @entity19381 is known for its strong cytoprotective effects, which are present endogenously as well, as proven by knockout studies and results showing that @entity19381 is up-regulated following diverse injuries. Little is known about such effects in the kidney. We have previously shown that @entity19381 is protective in @entity8 -reperfusion injury. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of endogenous @entity19381 following 60-minute @entity8 using radioimmunoassay. Changes were observed within 24 hours following renal vessel clamping. In the cortex, an acute decrease was followed by an increase on the intact side, and levels returned to original ones on the operated side. In the medulla, changes were only observed on the clamped side: a marked up-regulation was detected in @entity11697 -like immunoreactivity within the first 24 hours. The present study showed that @entity11697 - and @entity11697 -like immunoreactivities sensitively react to @entity8 -reperfusion, the physiological importance of which awaits further investigation.

title: Changes in @entity19381 following XXXX -reperfusion in rats.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity19381 :: ('24166(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide', 'PACAP']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal ischemia']


abstract: Clara Schumann was an outstanding pianist, systematically trained as a @entity1 prodigy by her father Friedrich Wieck. Married to the composer Robert Schumann she gave birth to 8 @entity1 , however, was able to continue performing regularly in public. After the mental breakdown of her husband, she had to increase her public performance activities due to the need to earn a living for her large family. In this time, the first @entity158 in the right arm occurred, which at the beginning were of shorter duration, however increasingly required prolonged periods of rest. Later, when attempting to work on the highly demanding piano works of Johannes Brahms, especially on his first piano concerto, she developed @entity1118 , which forced her to interrupt any concert activities for more than 1 year. Obviously, Brahms' modern treatment of the piano in an almost orchestral way imposed technical difficulties which Clara Schumann was not properly prepared to deal with. Finally, she underwent a @entity158 therapy in the private sanatorium of Dr. Esmarch, which consisted of an integrated interdisciplinary approach comprising @entity158 medication, psychotherapy, physiotherapy and modification of playing habits. She fully recovered and successfully continued her career as an internationally renowned concert pianist. The case report impressively demonstrates the stressors an outstanding female elite musician had to cope with in the 19th century. Furthermore, it is a convincing example of how the intuition and mere experience of a sensitive and understanding doctor lead to the right conclusions and to a modern @entity158 therapy in chronic @entity7184 . Furthermore the case report demonstrates the important role of prevention, including physical exercises, self-awareness, and reasonable practice schedules.

title: Suffering for her art: the XXXX of pianist Clara Wieck-Schumann.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['overuse injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pains', 'pain', 'multimodal pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical strategy for the left subclavian artery (LSA) during total arch replacement combined with stented @entity7105 trunk implantation for acute @entity1580 remains a challenge. The objective of the study is to report a novel surgical technique aiming to simplify the revascularization procedure of total aortic arch replacement combined with stented @entity7105 trunk implantation. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the result of 167 @entity1 who underwent total aortic arch replacement combined with stented @entity7105 trunk implantation between January 2000 and December 2012. Of the 167 @entity1 , 51 were selected to undergo the simplified revascularization, which is to fenestrate a stent graft of the descending aorta instead of performing reconstruction of the LSA. Before performing the new LSA revascularization, we had performed the @entity7105 trunk procedure whereby the tubular material completely covered the LSA. The ensuing revascularization was modified by removing a patch of the polyester fabric of the @entity7105 trunk that was located at the origin of the LSA. Both perioperative variables and postoperative outcome of the surgery were assessed. RESULTS: The indication for adopting the LSA fenestration was under the circumstance of absence of dissection at the origin of the LSA. The nosocomial mortality of the 51 @entity1 was 7.8% ( @entity177 2, @entity177 , infection 1). During a mean follow-up period of 51.3    27.6 months, the survival rate of the 47 @entity1 was 100%, 90.8%, and 70.2% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. No @entity64 and @entity63 were observed. No @entity1 required reintervention because of @entity834 between the LSA and the descending aorta during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The LSA fenestration technique during total arch replacement combined with stented @entity7105 trunk implantation for acute @entity1580 is reliable and effective for @entity1 who have no dissection at the LSA. Furthermore, because the simplified surgical procedure largely shortens the time of operation, it effectively improves the @entity1 's prognosis.

title: Left Subclavian Artery Fenestration: A Novel Treatment Strategy for Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['left limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'renal failure 1']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['Type A Aortic Dissection']


abstract: Exercise onset entails motor unit recruitment and the initiation of vasodilatation. Dilatation can ascend the arteriolar network to encompass proximal feed arteries but is opposed by sympathetic nerve activity, which promotes vasoconstriction and inhibits ascending vasodilatation through activating a-adrenoreceptors. Whereas contractile activity can antagonize sympathetic vasoconstriction, more subtle aspects of this interaction remain to be defined. We tested the hypothesis that constitutive activation of a-adrenoreceptors governs blood flow distribution within individual muscles. The @entity19 gluteus maximus muscle (GM) consists of Inferior and Superior regions. Each muscle region is supplied by its own motor nerve and feed artery with an anastomotic arteriole (resting diameter 25 microm) that spans both muscle regions. In anaesthetized male C57BL/6J @entity19 (3-5 months old), the GM was exposed and superfused with physiological saline solution (35 degrees C; pH 7.4). Stimulating the inferior gluteal motor nerve (0.1 ms pulse, 100 Hz for 500 ms) evoked a brief tetanic contraction and produced rapid (<1 s) onset vasodilatation (ROV; diameter change, 10 +/- 1  m) of the anastomotic arteriole along the active (Inferior) muscle region but not along the inactive (Superior) region (n = 8). In contrast, microiontophoresis of @entity934 (1  m micropipette tip, 1  A, 500 ms) initiated dilatation that travelled along the anastomotic arteriole from the Inferior into the Superior muscle region (diameter change, 5 +/- 2  m). Topical @entity5521 (1  m) had no effect on resting diameter but this inhibition of a-adrenoreceptors enabled ROV to spread along the anastomotic arteriole into the inactive muscle region (dilatation, 7 +/- 1  m; P < 0.05), where remote dilatation to @entity934 then doubled (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that constitutive activation of a-adrenoreceptors in skeletal muscle can restrict the spread of dilatation within microvascular resistance networks and thereby increase blood flow to active muscle regions.

title: Regional activation of rapid onset vasodilatation in XXXX skeletal muscle: regulation through a-adrenoreceptors.

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a clinically relevant experimental model of @entity1167 and @entity12066 in which a partial occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) is maintained during the resuscitation procedure and the initial post-resuscitation interval. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) was induced by @entity432 with a balloon tipped catheter in 16 domestic male @entity1707 weighing 41+/-2kg. After a 7min interval of untreated @entity2224 , the @entity432 was deflated and the catheter withdrawn in eight animals. The @entity3980 balloon was deflated in the remaining eight animals but the catheter was kept in place in order to maintain a partial occlusion of the @entity3980 , which was approximately 75% of the internal lumen. @entity12066 , including chest compressions and ventilations with @entity26 , was then performed for 2min before a defibrillation attempt. Thirty minutes following successful resuscitation the @entity3980 catheter was withdrawn in the animals with partial occlusion of the @entity3980 . RESULTS: In the animals that had the @entity3980 totally unoccluded before to starting @entity12066 , each animal was resuscitated successfully and survived for more than 72h with better neurological recovery during the initial 24h post-resuscitation than did the partially occluded group. When a partial occlusion of the @entity3980 was maintained during @entity12066 , six of eight animals were resuscitated and only four of these survived for 72h. A significantly greater number of electrical shocks prior to ROSC were required when a partial occlusion of the @entity3980 was maintained during @entity12066 . Significantly greater severity of post-resuscitation @entity296 was observed in animals resuscitated with a partial occlusion of the @entity3980 . CONCLUSIONS: In this model of prolonged untreated @entity1167 , maintaining a partial occlusion of the @entity3980 during @entity12066 and the initial post-resuscitation interval required a greater number of shocks before ROSC, increased severity of post-resuscitation @entity296 significantly and yielded less favourable outcomes.

title: Outcomes of XXXX in the presence of partial occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD balloon occlusion', 'LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity12066 :: (100170114(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['CPR']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Primary @entity96 is the fourth leading cause of @entity5 worldwide and is still associated with a poor prognosis. @entity157 and @entity201 are known to cause bone @entity3 resulting in @entity158 , @entity16 and risk of @entity174 . Palliative radiotherapy is the treatment of choice in symptomatic @entity79 and is usually performed as percutaneous fractionated radiotherapy. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: From June 1987 to December 2009, 41 @entity1 (median age, 64 years) with bone @entity3 received radiotherapy in our department. The analyzed @entity1 were treated for 67 sites of @entity79 . We analyzed the applied fractionation schedules and the preferred sites of @entity3 and symptoms, evaluated the therapeutic outcome in terms of symptomatic improvement, and described the prognosis of these @entity1 . RESULTS: Main indication for palliative radiotherapy was @entity158 in 94% of all cases. Most frequent radiation protocols were 10 x 3 Gy (20 @entity1 ) and 20 x 2 Gy (19 @entity1 ). Median applied overall dose was 39 Gy (range, 4-48 Gy) and median single dose was 2.5 Gy (range, 1.8-4 Gy). The median duration of the radiotherapeutic treatment was 15 days (range, 2-24 days) and in 12 cases treatment was discontinuated. The overall response rate to palliative radiotherapy in bone @entity3 was 77%. Median overall survival in both @entity201 and @entity157 @entity1 was 4.2 months after initiation of radiotherapy (range, 0.2-38.9). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the poor prognosis of @entity1 with bone @entity3 in @entity157 and @entity201 , with a poor median survival of 3.7-5.0 months according to our study and existing literature, shorter radiotherapy schedules or even single-fraction irradiation can be considered.

title: Defining the role of palliative radiotherapy in bone @entity3 from primary XXXX : an analysis of survival and treatment efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: The addition of @entity6137 to @entity95 neutrophils causes cell acidification and increases the amount of actin associated with the cytoskeleton. Both responses are rapid, and while the cell acidification is somewhat long-lasting, the increase in cytoskeletal actin is transient. It reaches a maximum value within 15 seconds and then returns to the basal level. Unlike @entity5037 , however, @entity6137 does not cause a rise in the intracellular concentration of free @entity460 . Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin inhibits the @entity6137 -produced increase in cytoskeletal actin but not the decrease in intracellular pH. However, the rate of return to the base line of the cell acidification produced by @entity6137 is diminished in cells pretreated with pertussis toxin. On the other hand, both the decrease in intracellular pH and the increase in cytoskeletal actin produced by @entity5037 are inhibited by pertussis toxin treatment. The results presented here suggest two important points. First, while cell acidification may trigger directly or indirectly the association of actin with the cytoskeleton, it is certainly not sufficient. Second, a functional @entity2774 - @entity377 regulatory protein is required for stimulated cytoskeletal actin. One or more components of the G-protein and/or their effects on phosphoinositide hydrolysis may increase the number of actin monomers and the availability of preexisting actin filaments to these monomers.

title: Intracellular acidification, @entity2774 - XXXX binding proteins, and cytoskeletal actin.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['fMet-Leu-Phe']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6137 :: ('MESH:C029658', 'Chemical') :: ['propionic acid']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: The aetiology of @entity991 is unknown, but it is closely associated with @entity31 . Serum anticolon antibodies, crossreacting with portal tracts, have been reported in @entity1 with @entity31 but no studies have been carried out in @entity991 . The frequency of serum anticolon antibodies and portal tract antibodies have been measured in 24 @entity1 with @entity991 and @entity31 ; 15 @entity1 with @entity991 without @entity31 ; 77 @entity1 without @entity991 : 25 @entity1 with @entity30 ; 10 @entity1 with @entity2835 ; 22 @entity1 with @entity2876 and 20 normal controls. Serum anticolon and portal tract antibodies were detected using immunoperoxidase techniques on normal colon and obstructed @entity1 liver. Tissue typing was undertaken using a standard microcytotoxicity technique. The frequency of anticolon antibodies was markedly increased in @entity991 @entity1 with @entity31 (62.5%) compared with @entity1 with @entity31 (17%) and @entity30 (16%) (chi 2 = 17.9; p less than 0.001). The antibodies were almost entirely of IgG and IgA classes in all groups. Anticolon antibodies were not found in sera from any other group. Sera from eight of 15 @entity1 with @entity991 , @entity31 and anticolon antibody reacted with portal tracts of @entity1 obstructed liver. This reaction was also seen in four of nine @entity1 with @entity31 and @entity991 and in three of 15 @entity1 with @entity991 alone. Portal tract antibody was of IgG class and was not present in sera from any other groups. Unlike anticolon antibody, there was a close relationship between HLA-B8 phenotype and the portal tract antibody (p<0.02; chi 2 = 6.04). Absorption studies confirmed that the anticolon antibody is distinct from portal tract antibody.

title: Serum autoantibodies, XXXX and @entity991 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's colitis"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: As systemic @entity5 therapies have improved, the natural history and importance of treating brain @entity3 continues to evolve. Historically, most @entity1 with brain @entity3 have been managed with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) with surgical resection or radiosurgery added for @entity1 with single or few @entity3 . Because the potential late @entity137 of WBRT is increasingly recognized when systemic @entity5 is more effectively controlled, there has been increased interest in the use of focal therapies such as radiosurgery with deferred WBRT even for @entity1 with larger numbers of @entity3 . Although WBRT in combination with radiosurgery or surgical resection significantly reduces central nervous system recurrences at the treated site and elsewhere in the brain, it is not clear whether a @entity1 's quality of life is more affected by @entity5 recurrence or by treatment with WBRT. In our practice, most @entity1 with fewer than 7 to 10 @entity5 are treated with radiosurgery alone, with WBRT initially deferred because of concerns about its late @entity137 . The ongoing technical improvements in radiosurgery have made this transition away from WBRT clinically feasible. This approach also allows @entity1 to begin systemic therapy sooner, rather than waiting 2 to 4  weeks to complete WBRT. For @entity1 with large or very symptomatic @entity5 , surgical resection is performed, followed by postoperative radiosurgery to the resection cavity, again initially deferring WBRT for many @entity1 . This focal-only approach in the postoperative setting is associated with a higher rate of subdural dissemination and needs further prospective study, as some would argue that @entity5 progression is the major determinant of loss of function. Ultimately, better survival will require better systemic therapy that both controls extracranial disease and penetrates the brain to reduce intracranial recurrences. Unfortunately, many clinical trials of novel agents exclude @entity1 with brain @entity3 .

title: Management of brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recurrent @entity14535 occasionally extend into craniofacial structures, and are one of the most difficult @entity5 to surgically manage. We reviewed our experience of surgical treatment in a series of @entity1 with @entity1653 showing extensive extracranial extensions. METHODS: We surgically treated a total of 10 @entity1 with recurrent @entity14535 with large extension to multiple craniofacial structures. All @entity1 underwent orbitozygomatic or zygomatic frontotemporal craniotomy for surgical resection of the @entity5 . An endoscopic endonasal technique was also employed, if necessary, as an adjunct to the transcranial approach. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were treated solely with a frontotemporal approach associated with an extended resection of the floor of the middle fossa. In 2 @entity1 , an endoscopic endonasal approach was additionally required for resection of @entity5 located in the nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus. A gross total resection was achieved without serious surgical complications in 9 out of the 10 @entity1 . In all @entity1 , the @entity5 were found to invade the surrounding tissue such as the bone and skeletal muscle to varying degrees. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that recurrent @entity2122 can usually be managed by using a lateral cranial base approach. Whereas it would be expected that a radical resection may prevent further recurrence with an acceptable quality of life, a long-term follow-up would be required for confirming the benefit of this treatment strategy.

title: Surgical treatment and outcome of skull base XXXX with extracranial extensions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14535 :: ('MESH:C565666', 'Disease') :: ['cranial base meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: Two-dimensional Color Doppler flow imaging is a new non-invasive technique which allows real-time visualization of intracardiac blood flow and provides informations about its direction, velocity and presence of turbulence. As a consequence the identification of jets configuration across stenotic valve orifices is now possible by Color flow imaging. This non invasive tool may be particularly helpful in @entity1 with @entity627 in whom distortion of mitral valve apparatus is often present, determining a non uniform and variable appearance of jets. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe our initial experience with color flow imaging in the visualization of transtenotic mitral jets in order to characterize different spatial configurations. We studied 45 @entity1 with clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis of @entity4794 . The mean age of these @entity1 was 59 years (range from 36 to 72 years), 34 were @entity1 and 11 @entity1 . The different types of transmitral jets were characterized by real time and frame by frame analysis. The following characteristics of transmitral jets have been evaluated: A) appearance ("Candle flame", "Mushroom", "Scimitar"-shaped, "Double-jets"); B) direction (centrally directed or eccentric); C) extension into the left ventricle (basal, mid-ventricular and apical); D) persistence of turbulent flow during diastole (early-, mid-, late diastole). Mitral valve area was calculated from the velocity tracings obtained by continuous wave Doppler, applying the pressure half-time method. Color flow imaging of good quality for analysis was obtained in 41 of 45 @entity1 (91%). In the other 4 @entity1 the quality of color flow images was suboptimal however the direction and configuration of the jets could still be visualised.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Visualization and characterization of the transvalvular jet in XXXX using color-coded Doppler].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: The aim of our study was to investigate P wave dispersion (Pwd), QT corrected QT (QTc), @entity1480 ( @entity1480 ) and @entity1480 (QTcd) intervals in subjects with @entity3147 diagnosed in the pre-anaesthetic assessment, compared to those without @entity3147 . A total of 76 adult @entity1 were included. Main diagnoses, anthropometric measurement, body mass index, electrocardiogram and serum @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity2865 , @entity1760 and @entity460 levels were recorded for all @entity1 . Pwd, QT and @entity1480 intervals were measured on all electrocardiogram records and QTc and QTcd intervals determined with the Bazett formula. @entity7493 was diagnosed with the nutritional risk index. No statistically significant difference was found between the age, gender and malignant @entity5 diagnosis rates between @entity1 with @entity3147 (group M) and those not suffering from @entity3147 (group N) (P > 0.05). Serum albumin, total protein, @entity972 , @entity460 , @entity1760 and @entity2865 values of group M were found to be significantly lower than group N (P < 0.05). In group M, Pwd, QT, QTc, @entity1480 and QTcd intervals were significantly longer than in group N (P < 0.001). @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3147 during pre-anaesthetic assessment had significantly longer Pwd, QTc and QTcd interval durations than the control group. We attribute such extended Pwd, QTc and QTcd durations in these @entity1 to @entity3147 and @entity3147 -related electrolyte imbalance.

title: An evaluation of P wave dispersion, QT, corrected QT and XXXX intervals on the electrocardiograms of malnourished adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['Protein-energy malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['corrected QT dispersion', 'QT dispersion', 'QTd']

answer: @entity1480 :: (MESH:C563184,Disease) :: ['corrected QT dispersion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) is a rare disease that is not widely known by paediatricians and general practitioner (GP) leading to diagnostic error and delayed care provision. We aimed to analyse @entity1 's journey and time to diagnosis of @entity4932 (delay from the first symptom to the diagnosis of @entity4932 ). We performed a retrospective cohort study of 67 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4932 and seen in the paediatric rheumatology department of the Kremlin Bic  tre Hospital, between July 2002 and January 2015. @entity1 were selected for analysis in order to represent an equal distribution of five @entity4932 subtypes: oligoarticular onset (21), polyarticular onset (13), enthesitis-related @entity625 (17), and systemic onset (16). RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were finally analysed (42 @entity1 ). Before @entity4932 diagnosis was made, @entity1 had visited a mean of three physicians (3.6        1.4 (mean; SD)). Emergency room physicians (52%) were the first @entity1 's referral before GP (42%). Paediatric rheumatologists were mostly seen as third referral (52% versus 3% at first referral). @entity625 (34%) and @entity5414 (24%) represented both the most common initial diagnosis. @entity4932 was suspected after an average median time delay of 3  months (0.26-81.2) except for 25 @entity1 (37%): SJIA (n   =   9), @entity7971 (n   =   7), OAJIA (3) and POJIA (n   =   6) for whom diagnosis was suspected straightaway. In most cases (88%), @entity4932 was established by paediatric rheumatologists. Surprisingly, the median total time to diagnosis in our population was rather short (3  months). Paediatric rheumatologist played a major role in making the diagnosis but the journey to reach them was long and complex with multiple referrals. These results reinforce the necessity of improving GP and emergency physician's awareness and education on paediatric @entity627 as the importance of a strong network in paediatric rheumatology to improve @entity1 's level of care. CONCLUSION: We highlighted the complex @entity1 's journey to diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity4932 and made assumptions that reference center might reduce time to diagnosis although not statically proven. Further analysis with a larger number of @entity1 might be needed to better investigate this probability.

title: Time to diagnosis in XXXX : a french perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Reactive arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'Juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A previous study conducted by our group found theory of mind (ToM) differences in preschool @entity1 who sustained mild @entity131 (mTBI) compared with typically developing peers, 6 months postinjury. The goals of the current longitudinal study were to determine whether these findings are the result of a @entity1545 -specific effect or rather a general-injury effect, to examine the long-term evolution of ToM skills following preschool mTBI, as well as to investigate the links between ToM abilities and general social functioning. METHOD: Seventy-two @entity1 who sustained mTBI between the ages of 18 and 60 months were evaluated 6 and 18 months postinjury on ToM tasks including desires and emotions reasoning and false belief understanding. They were compared with 58 @entity1 who sustained an @entity130 ( @entity130 ) and 83 typically developing @entity1 (TDC). RESULTS: The 3 groups did not differ on demographic and baseline characteristics. The mTBI group obtained poorer scores relative to both comparison groups on the desires and emotions reasoning task, both at 6 and 18 months injury. No correlations were found between injury characteristics and ToM performance. For the mTBI group, associations were found between ToM performance and global social competence. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a @entity1545 -specific effect that persists in the long-term following mTBI in preschool @entity1 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Long-term @entity1545 -specific effects following preschool mild XXXX : A study of theory of mind.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orthopedic injury', 'OI']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain-injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['TBI']


abstract: Mycobacterium kansasii is a facultative intracellular pathogen causing @entity358 in immunocompetent @entity1 . Little is known about the host defense against M. kansasii and its intracellular survival strategy inside macrophages. In the present study, we obtained six clinical isolates from @entity1 with M. kansasii @entity358 and investigated the intracellular growth and cytotoxic effects of M. kansasii inside @entity19 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) as well as cytokine secretion from BMDM. Interestingly, two isolates, @entity895 , displayed faster growth rates and higher levels of @entity310 secretion from macrophages when compared to the other strains. In addition, @entity895 also induced massive cell @entity204 in BMDM and @entity1357 @entity9020 cells, while the slow growing strains induced significantly lower levels of cell @entity204 . This @entity137 was mainly caused by @entity39 , not apoptosis and it was @entity310 -independent. Caspase inhibitors failed to block M. kansasii-induced macrophage @entity204 . In addition, @entity39 caused by the fast growing strains was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)). When dissipation of DeltaPsi(m) was inhibited by the classical mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) inhibitor @entity205 ( @entity870 ), macrophage @entity39 was reduced. These results suggest that clinical isolates of M. kansasii that grow faster in macrophages induce higher levels of @entity39 in a DeltaPsi(m) loss-dependent manner.

title: Induction of macrophage XXXX by clinical strains of Mycobacterium kansasii.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity9020 :: ('MESH:D007948', 'Disease') :: ['acute monocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and mid-term results of the Zenith bifurcated @entity1652 (ZBIS) in the treatment of common iliac artery (CIA) @entity439 , and to assess risk factors for intraoperative internal iliac artery (IIA) @entity715 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent endovascular treatment of either an isolated CIA @entity439 or an aorto-iliac @entity439 using the ZBIS device in the departments of vascular surgery of Strasbourg (France) and Lausanne (Switzerland) between January 2010 and December 2014 were retrospectively collected. RESULTS: 31 implantations were performed: 30 @entity1 underwent 31 endovascular CIA @entity439 treatments with the ZBis device. Mean operative time was 188 minutes. Technical success was obtained in 26 implantations (84%). In 5 implantations (16%), the final angiogram revealed an IIA @entity715 . Thirty-day mortality was 3.2%. Thirty-day morbidity was 13.3%. Mean follow-up was 15 months. Overall survival was 96% at 1 year and 89% at 2 years. In intention-to-treat analysis, primary patency of the internal iliac side branch was 84% at 1 year and 76% at 2 years (5 peroperative IIA occlusions and 1 late occlusion). Freedom from reintervention was 89% at 1 and 2 years. One case of type 3 endoleak and two cases of type 2 @entity1070 were identified. Only type 3 @entity1070 required an additional intervention with a covered stent. @entity439 diameter decreased in 15 implantations (48%) and remained stable in 16 implantations (52%). Clinical, radiological and per-operative parameters were analyzed in order to identify risk factor for intraoperative @entity715 of the internal iliac side branch. Notion of intraoperative difficulties (any additional procedure that was not initially planed and increasing the operating time) appeared as risk factor in multivariate analysis (p<0.01, standard deviation 1.27, odd ratio 30.6). CONCLUSION: The main findings of our study is that the procedure can be difficult to perform in particular conditions and can lead to per-operative failure in these cases, highlighting the need for adequate @entity1 screening. When technical success is obtained, outcomes can be considered as satisfactory.

title: Zenith bifurcated XXXX : mid-term results and assessment of risk factors for intraoperative @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['iliac side branch device']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['iliac side branch device']


abstract: A computed tomography (CT) cut-off for differentiating @entity1313 ( @entity1127 / @entity189 ) from normal colon in contrast-enhanced CT colonography (CTC) relating to the contrast phase and lesion size is determined. CT values of 64 @entity1049 (27 @entity1127 <10 mm, 13 @entity1127 > or =10 mm, 24 @entity189 ) were determined by region-of-interest (ROI) measurements in 38 @entity1 who underwent contrast-enhanced CTC. In addition, the height (H) of the @entity1049 was measured in CT. CT values were also measured in the aorta (A), superior mesenteric vein (V) and colonic wall. The contrast phase was defined by xA + (1-x)V using x as a weighting factor for describing the different contrast phases ranging from the pure arterial phase (x=1) over the intermediate phases (x=0.9-0.1) to the pure venous phase (x=0). The CT values of the lesions were correlated with their height (H), the different phases (xA+(1-x)V) and the ratio [xA+(I-x)V]/H. The CT cut-off was linearly adjusted to the imaged contrast phase and height of the lesion by the line y=m[xA+(1-x)V]H+y(0). The slope m was determined by linear regression in the correlation (lesion approximately [xA+(i-x)V]/H) and the Y-intercept y(0) by the minimal shift of the line needed to maximize the accuracy of separating the colonic wall from the lesions. The CT value of the lesions correlated best with the intermediate phase: 0.4A + 0.6V (r=0.8 for @entity1127 > or =10 mm, r=0.6 for @entity189 , r=0.4 for @entity1127 <10 mm). The accuracy in the differentiation between lesions and normal colonic wall increased with the height implemented as divisor, reached 91% and was obtained by the dynamic cut-off described by the formula: cut-off (A,V,H)=1.1 [0.4A+0.6V]/H+69.8. The CT value of @entity1586 can be increased extrinsically by scanning in the phase in which 0.4A + 0.6V reaches its maximum. Differentiating lesions from normal colon based on CT values is possible in contrast-enhanced CTC and improves when the cut-off is adjusted (normalized) to the contrast phase and lesion size.

title: Phase- and size-adjusted CT cut-off for differentiating XXXX from normal colon in contrast-enhanced CT colonography.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps or carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['neoplastic lesions']


abstract: DNA of @entity1082 type 18 is present in several @entity1 @entity5 cell lines that were derived from oral or cervical @entity5 , and it is known that several features of the transformed phenotype can be inhibited by expression of antisense RNA to @entity1082 ). The present study was performed to find out whether antisense oligonucleotides were also inhibitory. Synthetic oligonucleotides were made that were complementary to regions of the start codons of the E6 and E7 genes of HPV-18. These were added to cultures of the @entity5 cell line C4-1, each of which contain DNA of HPV-18. As controls we used the @entity5 cell line 183 and the monkey kidney cell line Vero, which do not contain HPV. Anti-E6 and anti-E7 oligonucleotides, in concentrations between 1 and 5 microM, significantly inhibited the growth of the 1483 and C4-1 cells, but not the 183 or Vero cell lines. Treatment of the 1483 cells with a combination of 2.5 microM of each of the antisense oligonucleotides was a more effective inhibitor than 5 microM of either one used alone. Antisense oligonucleotides had no effect on the ability of 1483 cells to form foci in soft agar, nor on their plating efficiency or serum requirements. Microscopic examination of 1483 cells showed that the antisense E7 oligonucleotide produced cell-rounding, detachment from the surface of the culture flask, and cell death, while the antisense E6 oligonucleotide had none of these effects. Random-sequence oligonucleotides had no effects of any type on any cells that were growing in culture. However, if random-sequence oligonucleotides were added to cells at the time they were passed to a new culture vessel, they produced severe nonspecific toxic effects. These results show that the use of synthetic oligonucleotides is an effective way of producing antisense-mediated changes in the behavior of @entity1 @entity5 cells that contain DNA of HPV-18.

title: Effects of @entity1082 type 18-specific antisense oligonucleotides on the transformed phenotype of XXXX carcinoma cell lines.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'oral cancer', 'oral cancer cell line 1483 and the cervical cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus', 'human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONTEXT: Homeless adults, especially those with chronic medical illnesses, are frequent users of costly medical services, especially emergency department and hospital services. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a case management and housing program in reducing use of urgent medical services among homeless adults with chronic medical illnesses. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Randomized controlled trial conducted at a public teaching hospital and a private, nonprofit hospital in Chicago, Illinois. @entity1 were 407 social worker-referred homeless adults with chronic medical illnesses (89% of referrals) from September 2003 until May 2006, with follow-up through December 2007. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. INTERVENTION: Housing offered as transitional housing after hospitalization discharge, followed by placement in long-term housing; case management offered on-site at primary study sites, transitional housing, and stable housing sites. Usual care @entity1 received standard discharge planning from hospital social workers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospitalizations, hospital days, and @entity341 measured using electronic surveillance, medical records, and interviews. Models were adjusted for baseline differences in demographics, insurance status, prior hospitalization or emergency department visit, @entity1 immunodeficiency @entity778 , current use of @entity167 or other drugs, mental health symptoms, and other factors. RESULTS: The analytic sample (n = 405 [n = 201 for the intervention group, n = 204 for the usual care group]) was 78% @entity1 and 78% African American, with a median duration of homelessness of 30 months. After 18 months, 73% of @entity1 had at least 1 hospitalization or emergency department visit. Compared with the usual care group, the intervention group had unadjusted annualized mean reductions of 0.5 hospitalizations (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.2 to 0.2), 2.7 fewer hospital days (95% CI, -5.6 to 0.2), and 1.2 fewer @entity341 (95% CI, -2.4 to 0.03). Adjusting for baseline covariates, compared with the usual care group, the intervention group had a relative reduction of 29% in hospitalizations (95% CI, 10% to 44%), 29% in hospital days (95% CI, 8% to 45%), and 24% in @entity341 (95% CI, 3% to 40%). CONCLUSION: After adjustment, offering housing and case management to a population of homeless adults with chronic medical illnesses resulted in fewer hospital days and @entity341 , compared with usual care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00490581.

title: Effect of a housing and case management program on XXXX and hospitalizations among chronically ill homeless adults: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department visits']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department visits']


abstract: Evidence indicates that @entity1063 elicits anti-inflammatory actions in the central nervous system (CNS), and plays a neuroprotective role where inflammatory events contribute to pathology. Here we examined the ability of pharmacological enhancement of central noradrenergic tone to impact upon activation of the IL-1 system in @entity35 brain. Treatment with the @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor @entity18891 combined with the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity9006 induced expression of @entity3426 as well as its negative regulators, @entity19646 ( @entity19646 ) and @entity23654 (IL-1RII) in @entity35 cortex. The ability of @entity18891 / @entity9006 treatment to activate the IL-1 system was mediated by beta-adrenoceptors, as the aforementioned effects were blocked by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity1169 . Moreover, administration of the brain penetrant @entity10341 agonist @entity16959 induced expression of @entity3426 , @entity19646 and IL-1RII in @entity35 brain. This action was selective to the IL-1 system, as other inflammatory cytokines including @entity1505 , @entity568 or @entity3692 were not induced by @entity16959 . Induction of @entity3426 was accompanied by activation of NFkappaB and of the MAP kinase ERK, and @entity16959 also induced expression of the @entity3426 -inducible gene @entity4646 . The ability of @entity16959 to activate the IL-1 system was blocked by @entity1169 , and was mimicked by the highly selective @entity10341 agonist @entity6410 . Despite the ability of @entity16959 to activate the central IL-1 system, it largely combated the neuroinflammatory response induced by systemic inflammatory stimulus (bacterial lipopolysaccharide; @entity558 ). Specifically, whilst the ability of @entity16959 to induce expression of IL-1RII and @entity19646 was maintained following the inflammatory challenge, its ability to induce @entity3426 was reduced. In addition, @entity16959 suppressed @entity558 -induced expression of the inflammatory cytokines @entity1505 and @entity568 , the inflammatory chemokines @entity16620 and @entity16308 , the co-stimulatory molecules @entity23655 and @entity1590 . Thus overall, @entity16959 suppresses the innate inflammatory response in @entity35 brain.

title: @entity1063 acting at beta-adrenoceptors induces expression of @entity3426 and its negative regulators XXXX and IL-1RII, and drives an overall anti-inflammatory phenotype in @entity35 cortex.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity16959 :: ('MESH:D002976', 'Chemical') :: ['clenbuterol']

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity19646 :: (60582(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IL-1ra']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2042 Background: Active immunotherapy offers the potential for high @entity137 and sustained tumoricidal activity. We developed a dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy to target specific @entity11 -associated antigens and induce a potent T cell response. METHODS: In this study HLA-A2 or A1 positive @entity1 were vaccinated with DC pulsed with MHC class I peptides from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) expressed on @entity11 . @entity5 epitopes included @entity1722 , @entity17481 , @entity9857 , @entity6472 , @entity9596 , and @entity3357 . @entity17481 , @entity1722 and @entity3357 , are also overexpressed on @entity5 stem cells. In this phase I trial, mononuclear cells isolated by leukapheresis from newly diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 and differentiated into DC, were pulsed with @entity5 peptides, and administered intradermally three times at two week intervals. RESULTS: 16 newly diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 were enrolled since May 2007 with last follow up as of 1/28/2011. Vaccination was followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. @entity5 expression by qRT-PCR showed all @entity1 expressed at least three @entity5 with 75% expressing all six, 87% expressing five and 94% expressing four. Correlations of increased PFS and quantitative expression of @entity6472 (p=0.03), @entity3357 (p=0.003), @entity9857 (p=0.05) and @entity1722 (p=0.04) was observed. Variable changes in antigen expression were observed in the recurrent @entity5 . 7 of 15 tested (47%) had increased @entity379 immune responses to a pool of the peptides. Immune responders showed a trend toward better survival. Six @entity1 continue to show no @entity5 recurrence, three of whom have gone almost four years (43.5-49.8 m) and three more than 2.5 years (31.1-34.2 m). Median progression-free survival time was 16.9 months with median @entity3012 survival time not reached. At two years, the PFS rate was 43.75%; the two-year @entity3012 rate was 80.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of four ICT-107 targeted antigens in the pre-vaccine @entity5 correlate with prolonged survival as measured by PFS and @entity3012 in newly diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 . A randomized placebo controlled phase II trial is currently underway.

title: XXXX -associated antigens associated with prolonged survival in a phase I study of ICT-107 for @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-specific toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor associated antigens', 'glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cancer', 'TAA', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Glioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of bevacizumab eye drops on @entity1616 healing in @entity35 . METHODS: One hundred twenty Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 corneas were divided into two groups and de-epithelized with a microblade. The bevacizumab group was treated with 5% bevacizumab and antibiotic 0.5% @entity800 eye drops four times daily and the control group with antibiotic eye drops only. Corneal wound healing was evaluated by @entity941 staining at initial wounding and 24, 48, and 72 hours after epithelial debridement. @entity2137 ( @entity2137 ) and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) proteins were measured in @entity35 corneas by ELISA. Immunofluorescent staining for @entity24312 was performed in @entity35 corneas. @entity2137 mRNA and @entity6667 mRNA was measured in @entity35 corneas by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The corneal wound healing rate was decreased in the bevacizumab group compared with that in the control group. Twenty-four, 48, and 72 hours after epithelial debridement, corneal @entity2137 and @entity6667 proteins in the bevacizumab group were lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Immunofluorescent staining showed that @entity2137 and @entity6667 expression was stronger in the control group than in the bevacizumab group. @entity2137 mRNA and @entity6667 mRNA levels in the bevacizumab group were also lower than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: After corneal epithelial damage, @entity6667 and @entity2137 increased normally in the @entity35 corneas. In contrast, when @entity6667 was inhibited by bevacizumab eye drops, the wound healing rate was decreased, and @entity2137 was downregulated. Bevacizumab eye drops have an inhibitory effect on corneal wound healing in @entity35 .

title: The inhibitory effects of bevacizumab eye drops on XXXX expression and corneal wound healing in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1616 :: ('MESH:C536444', 'Disease') :: ['corneal epithelial wound']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity2137 :: (310738(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NGF']


abstract: Aerophagia, characterized by symptoms related to repetitive swallowing of air, is a functional @entity344 . In some cases, severe aerophagia causes @entity29 and leads to @entity3313 , ileus, and even intestinal @entity39 and perforation. A 10-year-old intellectually disabled @entity1 was referred to our unit due to severe @entity391 , no passage of feces and flatus during the previous 3 days. He had experienced episodes of severe @entity1661 and flatulence over the past 2-3 years. In the exploratory laparotomy, two old @entity694 were found. Splenic flexura resection and diverting colostomy were performed. Rectal biopsy showed ganglionic architecture. During the fifth @entity86 , he was admitted to the emergency unit with severe @entity1661 . During this visit, we observed him swallowing air. For this reason, his primary illness was diagnosed as a pathologic aerophagia. The colostomy was closed 11 months following the first operation. His parents did not accept gastrostomy as a desufflator. For this reason, they were taught nasogastric tube installation for @entity356 . Briefly, if @entity1661 increases during the course of the day and increased flatus is observed during sleep, aerophagia could be the primary pathology. If aerophagia could cause complications, gastrostomy should be applied. If the parents refuse gastrostomy, the parents could perform nasogastric tube drainage.

title: @entity694 due to pathologic aerophagia in an intellectually disabled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention, bilious vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['massive bowel distention']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative month']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforations']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric distention']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical characteristics and outcome of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity850 or occlusion of the basal arteries, without @entity7025 collateral vessel formation. METHODS: We identified @entity1 who presented to our institution from 1996 to 2005 with @entity432 or the proximal middle or anterior cerebral arteries demonstrated by digital subtraction cerebral angiography. We excluded those with evidence of @entity731 , systemic @entity1333 , @entity7025 phenomenon, or any other condition that could otherwise explain their @entity432 . Medical records were reviewed for presenting symptoms and clinical characteristics. Outcome was determined from chart review and phone interviews. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were identified. All presented with transient @entity63 attack or @entity64 . Eleven were @entity1 . Age at presentation ranged from 34 to 71 years. Nine had a history of @entity101 ; 5 had unilateral intracranial disease. Recurrent @entity64 on medical therapy occurred in none of the 5 during an average follow-up of 29 months. Seven had bilateral disease. @entity385 occurred between 2 and 107 months after the initial event in 5 of 8 medically treated hemispheres. Moyamoya collateral vessels developed in 1 @entity1 as shown on follow-up angiography. CONCLUSION: The clinical features and outcome of these @entity1 are similar to those reported in large case series of North American @entity1 with @entity7025 phenomenon. These data suggest a common etiology for the basal arterial occlusive process and a variable ability to form @entity7025 collateral vessels.

title: Clinical features and outcome in North American adults with idiopathic basal @entity432 without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive disease of the distal internal carotid artery', 'arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['moyamoya collaterals']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 50-year-old @entity1 with a chief complaint of bloody stools was diagnosed with @entity5 via colonoscopy. Laparoscopic rectal anterior resection with D3 lymph node dissection was performed in June 2014. The pathological diagnosis was pStage III a(Ra, pT3, N1) @entity5 , and the @entity1 received 8 courses of @entity4734 as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. During follow-up at 12 months after surgery, chest computed tomography revealed a mass in the left lingular segment measuring 25mm in diameter and multiple small nodules in both the lungs, indicating lung @entity3 . We found several subcutaneous nodules with a maximum diameter of 10mm in her abdomen and the back of head. We removed 3 subcutaneous nodules for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment in June of 2015. The pathological findings were consistent with cutaneous @entity3 of @entity5 . The @entity1 received a 1 course of IRIS and 5 courses of IRIS plus bevacizumab. Subsequently, the lung @entity3 disappeared and no new @entity272 were detected. We suggest that this case could be a good reference in determining the appropriate treatment for @entity5 having lung or cutaneous @entity3 .

title: [Effectiveness of Irinotecan, S-1, and Bevacizumab for XXXX with Lung and Skin Metastases after Adjuvant Chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: Three experiments were conducted using crossbred weanling @entity1707 (7.2 to 8.6 kg; 25 to 29 d of age) to determine the effect on performance and nutrient digestibility of .75% @entity375 culture (YC) additions to starter diets containing whey or one of two fiber sources. An 18% CP @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal basal diet was used in all experiments. In Exp. 1 (n = 192), the addition of YC did not affect @entity9365 , ADFI, or gain: feed ratios (G:F) of @entity1707 fed diets without or with 15% dried whey in two 5-wk trials. In Exp. 2 (n = 174), @entity9365 and ADFI were not affected by YC addition to diets containing no added fiber, 8% @entity1460 hulls (SH), or 8% peanut hulls (PH) in two 5-wk trials. The addition of SH or PH did not affect @entity9365 or ADFI; however, a YC x SH interaction (P < .05) and a YC x PH interaction (P < .10) for G:F indicated that the addition of SH or PH to the diet in the absence of YC reduced G:F, but in the presence of YC, G:F were maintained. In a 3-wk grower phase of one trial in Exp. 2 (n = 54), SH and PH additions decreased @entity9365 (P < .005), whereas YC additions improved @entity9365 (P < .01), particularly for @entity1707 fed diets that also contained SH (P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling @entity1707 as influenced by XXXX culture additions to starter diets containing dried whey or one of two fiber sources.

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Knowledge on the metabolic changes and nutritional needs during the postsurgical anabolic phase in @entity1 is scarce. This analysis explores the associations of resting energy expenditure (REE) and macronutrient utilization with body composition of full-term @entity1 , during catch-up growth after corrective surgery of major @entity154 . METHODS: A cohort of full-term appropriate for-gestational-age neonates subjected to corrective surgery of major @entity154 were recruited after gaining weight for at least one week. REE and macronutrient utilization, measured by respiratory quotient (RQ), were assessed by indirect calorimetry using the Deltatrac II Metabolic Monitor    . Body composition, expressed as @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), fat mass (FM) and @entity1386 defined as percentage of FM (% FM), was measured by air displacement plethysmography using the @entity3587 Pod    . RESULTS: Four @entity1 were included at 3 to 5 postnatal weeks. Recommended energy and macronutrient intakes for healthy term @entity1 were provided. Through the study, the median (min-max) REE (Kcal/Kg @entity1386 /d) was 70.8 (60.6-96.1) and RQ was 0.99 (0.72-1.20). Steady increases in both body weight and @entity1386 were associated with initial decrease in FM and @entity1386 followed by their increase. Low RQ preceded decrease in @entity1386 . CONCLUSION: The marked @entity1386 depletion, not expected during steady @entity1017 in the postsurgical period, prompts us to report this finding. The subsequent @entity1386 catch-up was associated with relatively high REE and RQ, suggesting preferential oxidation of @entity3363 and preservation of lipids for fat storage.

title: Resting energy expenditure, macronutrient utilization, and body composition in term @entity1 after corrective surgery of major XXXX : An exploratory study.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'fat-free mass', 'adiposity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomalies']


abstract: There is growing interest in the ability of phytochemicals to prevent @entity102 , such as @entity5 and @entity299 . However, some of these agents have poor bioavailability and many of the in-depth studies into their mechanisms of action have been carried out in vitro using doses which are unachievable in @entity1 . In order to optimize the design of chemopreventive treatment, it is important to determine which of the many reported mechanisms of action are clinically relevant. In this review we consider the physiologically achievable doses for a few of the best studied agents ( @entity103 , @entity13589 , @entity6108 , @entity3089 and @entity4025 ) and summarize the data derived from studies using these low concentrations in cell culture. We then cite examples of in vitro effects which have been observed in vivo. Finally, the ability of agent combinations to act synergistically or antagonistically is considered. We conclude that each of the compounds shows an encouraging range of activities in vitro at concentrations which are likely to be physiologically relevant. There are also many examples of in vivo studies which validate in vitro observations. An important consideration is that combinations of agents can result in significant activity at concentrations where any single agent is inactive. Thus, for each of the compounds reviewed here, in vitro studies have provided useful insights into their mechanisms of action in @entity1 . However, data are lacking on the full range of activities at low doses in vitro and the benefits or otherwise of combinations in vivo.

title: Predicting the physiological relevance of in vitro XXXX preventive activities of phytochemicals.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity103 :: ('MESH:C016517', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-carbinol']

entities_list: @entity13589 :: ('MESH:C444299', 'Chemical') :: ['diindolylmethane']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity of the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Western blotting test for the diagnosis of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) using serum samples obtained from 51 @entity1 with parasitologically proven nontreated CL (NonT-CL @entity1 ) and 62 @entity1 under treatment for CL (UT-CL @entity1 ). Additionally, 29 serum samples obtained from @entity1 with parasitologically and serologically proven @entity234 ( @entity234 ) were also used as positive controls, and serum samples from 43 blood donors were used as negative controls. All sera were diluted to the same dilution (1/100). @entity13556 MON-1 was used as the antigen in the conventional ELISA. The sera of 27 (93.1%) of 29 @entity234 @entity1 were seropositive by ELISA, while the sera of 40 (78.4%) of 51 NonT-CL @entity1 and 43 (69.3%) of 62 UT-CL @entity1 were seropositive by the conventional ELISA. The absorbance values of the CL @entity1 ' sera were significantly lower than the absorbance values of the @entity234 @entity1 ' sera. Bands between 15 and 118 kDa were detected in two groups of CL @entity1 . Among all bands, the 63-kDa band was found to be more sensitive (88.5%). When we evaluated the Western blotting results for the presence of at least one of the diagnostic antigenic bands, the sensitivity was calculated to be 99.1%. By using serological tests, a measurable antibody response was detected in most of the CL @entity1 in Sanliurfa, @entity233 . It is also noted that this response can be changed according to the sizes, types, and numbers of lesions that the @entity1 has. The Western blot test was found to be more sensitive and valid than the conventional ELISA for the serodiagnosis of @entity4536 . In some instances, when it is very difficult to demonstrate the presence of parasites in the smears, immunodiagnosis can be a valuable alternative for the diagnosis of @entity4536 .

title: Serodiagnosis of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) caused by @entity13556 tropica in Sanliurfa Province, XXXX , where @entity4536 Is highly endemic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity13556 :: ('5671', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania infantum']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['ACL', 'anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: Many @entity1 with @entity130 will initially be evaluated in an @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and incur unnecessary costs that could be avoided through a direct referral to a burn center. In June 1997, use of an @entity341 burn triage protocol was begun at our hospital. Adults with uncomplicated burns that covered more than 1% and less than 15% of total body surface area (TBSA) and @entity1 with burns that covered more than 1% and less than 10% of TBSA were to be triaged directly to the outpatient clinic of the burn center without registering in the @entity341 . From 1996 to 1997, 653 @entity1 were seen in the @entity341 for @entity130 . Approximately 500 @entity1 fit the present criteria for direct triage to the burn center. Since the triage protocol began, the percentage of @entity1 triaged to the burn center has increased from 27% in the first month of use (July 1997) to 73% in December 1997. At least 33% of @entity341 @entity1 were eligible by protocol but not triaged. The average @entity341 visit time for these @entity1 was 103 minutes versus 44 minutes for @entity1 who were sent directly to the burn clinic. An estimated  125,000 per year decrease in charges would occur with use of the protocol. Implementation of an @entity341 triage protocol leads to avoidance of emergency room visits for the majority of @entity1 with minor @entity130 , which results in more efficient, less expensive, faster care.

title: Triage of XXXX : avoiding the @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries', 'minor burn wounds']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['minor burn wounds']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) often have comorbidities that require multiple medications. Several of these medications may alter the efficacy or increase the @entity137 of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). The purpose of our study was to determine which drugs used in combination with @entity1500 (excluding disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, folic and @entity4181 , @entity288 , and biologic agents) enhance side effects or @entity137 of @entity1500 or lower its efficacy. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed with Medline, Embase, Cochrane Register and Database, and abstracts from the 2006/2007 annual congresses of the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against @entity627 . A manual search of the citation lists of retrieved publications was performed. RESULTS: Of the 1172 articles identified, 67 were included: 21 pharmacokinetics studies, 5 observational studies, and 78 case reports. Most medications do not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics profile of @entity1500 . Among the clinical studies, @entity1503 and elevation of liver enzymes were the main reported @entity137 . The use of @entity206 - @entity207 ( @entity1597 -SMX) was mentioned as a risk factor for developing @entity1503 in one observational study and in 17 case reports. Thirty case reports of @entity1503 were attributed to the use of concomitant nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, including @entity117 . Two studies described mild @entity99 with the use of @entity3109 , and one study with the use of high-dose ASA. CONCLUSION: Based on the published literature, @entity1500 has limited drug interactions, with the exception of @entity1597 -SMX and high-dose ASA, which can exacerbate @entity137 of @entity1500 . The clinical significance of these interactions has not been substantiated by extensive clinical observations.

title: @entity1499 drug interactions in the treatment of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of liver enzymes']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity6887 is a rare @entity5 that spreads like @entity43 . From 1954 to 1982, thirty @entity1 with @entity420 were treated at UCLA and by the Southern California Permanente Medical Group. The mean age was 52 years. @entity158 , irregular or @entity548 , and vaginal discharge were the most common presenting symptoms. Twenty-two had undergone previous pelvic or abdominal surgery. A pelvic mass was the most common physical finding, while Pap smears, IVP, and BE were rarely helpful in making the diagnosis or planning treatment. All of the @entity1 in this report underwent primary therapeutic surgery. Nineteen @entity1 received radiation and fourteen, systemic chemotherapy. Surgical stage was prognostic for survival. Fourteen @entity1 with Stage I and II disease are NED (4 at 2 years; 10 at 5 years). No @entity1 with Stage III or IV disease survived 5 years. Recurrences were noted as late as 6 years after primary therapy and 10 of 14 recurrent sites were extraperitoneal.

title: XXXX : common extraperitoneal recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic tumor']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity6887 :: (MESH:D005185,Disease) :: ['Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The value of capsule endoscopy in the setting of @entity29 type unclassified (IBDU) and @entity1960 ( @entity1960 ) remains obscure. The aim was to evaluate the clinical impact of capsule endoscopy on IBDU/ @entity1960 @entity1 with negative serology. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with long-standing IBDU (n = 14) and @entity1960 (n = 4) were enrolled to undergo a capsule endoscopy and then followed prospectively. Lesions considered diagnostic of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) were 4 or more @entity2681 / @entity1066 and/or a stricture. The median follow-up time after capsule endoscopy was 32    11 months (23-54 months). RESULTS: Total enteroscopy was possible in all @entity1 . In 2 @entity1 the examination was normal (Group 1). In 9 @entity1 subtle findings were observed (Group 2): focal villi denudation (n = 1) and fewer than 4 @entity2681 / @entity1066 (n = 8). In 7 @entity1 , 4 or more @entity2681 / @entity1066 were detected (Group 3), leading to a diagnosis of @entity30 . However, their treatment was not reassessed on the basis of the capsule findings. Until now, a definitive diagnosis has been achieved in 2 additional @entity1 : 1 from Group 1 ( @entity31 ) and another @entity1 from Group 2 ( @entity30 ), who began infliximab infusions. Nine @entity1 remained indeterminate at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Although capsule endoscopy enabled the diagnosis of @entity30 in 7 @entity1 , in none of them was the clinical management changed. Moreover, a change in therapy due to a diagnosis of @entity30 was made for only 1 @entity1 , who presented nonspecific findings. Our results suggest that capsule findings are not helpful in the work-up of these @entity1 .

title: Capsule endoscopy in @entity29 type unclassified and XXXX serologically negative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'indeterminate colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['indeterminate colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the strength of the association between victimisation by peers at age 13 years and @entity308 at 18 years. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. SETTING: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and @entity1 , a UK community based birth cohort. @entity1 : 6719 @entity1 who reported on peer victimisation at age 13 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Depression defined according to international classification of diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) criteria, assessed using the clinical interview schedule-revised during clinic assessments with @entity1 when they were aged 18 years. 3898 @entity1 had data on both victimisation by peers at age 13 years and @entity308 at age 18 years. RESULTS: Of the 683 @entity1 who reported frequent victimisation at age 13 years, 101 (14.8%) were @entity308 according to ICD-10 criteria at 18 years; of the 1446 @entity1 reporting some victimisation at age 13 years, 103 (7.1%) were @entity308 at age 18 years; and of the 1769 @entity1 reporting no victimisation at age 13 years, 98 (5.5%) were @entity308 at age 18 years. Compared with @entity1 who were not victimised those who were frequently victimised by peers had over a twofold increase in odds of @entity308 (odds ratio 2.96, 95% confidence interval 2.21 to 3.97, P<0.001). This association was slightly reduced when adjusting for confounders (2.32, 1.49 to 3.63, P<0.001). The population attributable fraction suggested that 29.2% (95% confidence interval 10.9% to 43.7%) of @entity308 at age 18 years could be explained by peer victimisation if this were a causal relation. CONCLUSION: When using observational data it is impossible to be certain that associations are causal. However, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that victimisation by peers in adolescence is associated with an increase in the risk of developing @entity308 as an adult.

title: Peer victimisation during adolescence and its impact on XXXX in early adulthood: prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We characterised the development of @entity164 2 @entity6 and associated changes in islet appearance in female ZDF @entity35 and explored its suitability for studies with novel therapeutic agents. METHODS: Female ZDF @entity35 were either chow or high fat (60%) fed for up to 36 days and blood @entity413 and plasma insulin concentration measured. Additionally, we restored two groups of @entity35 back to chow diet after ten and nineteen days of high fat feeding to determine the reversibility. Finally, two other groups of high fat-fed animals were dosed either orally with drug vehicle or had a minipump implanted subcutaneously to determine the effect of dosing method upon the progression of this disease model. The beta cell mass and morphology were assessed by immunohistochemistry for insulin. RESULTS: High fat feeding elevated blood @entity413 compared to chow-fed controls which peaked by 15 days, and maintained throughout the study. Plasma insulin reached a maximum after 8 days, but declined over the remaining 4 weeks. Assessment of islets revealed marked disruption, dispersion and weaker insulin staining. The area and percentage b-cells were higher in high fat-fed animals. High fat diet treatment reversal when animals were moderately hyperglycaemic, when plasma insulin was still elevated, reversed the hyperglycaemia and maintained islet morphology similar to that of chow-fed animals. In contrast, dietary reversal when plasma insulin was declining, did not prevent continual decline in plasma insulin, b-cell mass or islet disruption. Oral dosing tended to increase blood @entity413 and decrease plasma insulin whereas administration by minipump lowered blood @entity413 . DISCUSSION: The obese female ZDF @entity35 offers the opportunity for preclinical evaluation of novel therapies directed towards improving pancreatic function, provided treatment is initiated prior to the precipitous decline in insulin production. Caution should be exercised in comparison of compounds administered by different dosing routes however.

title: Reversibility of hyperglycaemia and islet abnormalities in the high fat-fed female ZDF XXXX model of type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy of @entity208 and @entity11368 to reduce serum urate concentrations in @entity1 with @entity102 . METHODS: Prospective, parallel, open study of 86 consecutive male @entity1 with @entity102 . Forty nine @entity1 (26 normal excretors and 23 under excretors) were given @entity208 300 mg/day and 37 under excretors @entity11368 100 mg/day. After achieving steady plasma urate concentrations with such doses, treatment was then adjusted to obtain optimal plasmatic urate concentrations (under 6 mg/dl). RESULTS: @entity1 receiving @entity208 300 mg/day showed a mean reduction of plasmatic urate of 2.75 mg/dl (from 8.60 to 5.85 mg/dl) and 3.34 mg/dl (from 9.10 to 5.76 mg/dl) in normal excretors and under excretors respectively. @entity1 receiving @entity11368 100 mg/day achieved a reduction of plasmatic urate of 5.04 mg/dl (from 8.58 to 3.54 mg/dl). Fifty three per cent of @entity1 receiving @entity208 and 100% receiving @entity11368 achieved optimal plasma urate concentrations at such doses. The @entity1 with poor results with @entity208 300 mg/day achieved a proper plasma urate concentration with @entity208 450 to 600 mg/day, the mean final dose being 372 mg/day. Renal function improved and no case of @entity8 was observed among @entity11368 treated @entity1 , whose mean final dose was 76 mg/day. CONCLUSION: @entity11368 is very effective to control plasma urate concentrations at doses ranging from 50 to 100 mg/day. Uricosuric treatment is a suitable approach to the treatment of @entity1 with gout who show underexcretion of urate.

title: Efficacy of XXXX and @entity11368 for the control of hyperuricaemia. A pathogenic approach to the treatment of @entity102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['primary chronic gout']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity11368 :: ('MESH:D001553', 'Chemical') :: ['benzbromarone', 'Benzbromarone']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: The clinical significance of micrometastasis in sentinel nodes (SNs) may differ in various organs. In particular, the prognostic value of SN micrometastases detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is still controversial. We investigated the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of nodal molecular @entity3 detected by nested RT-PCR for cytokeratin (CK) 19 mRNA in @entity1820 . In 51 cases with GI tract @entity5 treated by standard curative resection, SNs were identified by a radio-guided method. In 10 of 51 @entity1 , 25 SNs and 3 non-SNs were histologically negative and RT-PCR positive. Three non-SNs with positive @entity4166 mRNA were randomly sampled from the same basin where histologically positive SNs were identified. Immunohistochemical analysis of six additional step sections obtained at 30- micro m intervals with use of an anticytokeratin antibody showed clearly recognizable histological metastases in 4 of 25 histologically negative/RT-PCR-positive SNs (16%). In one case of @entity1721 with nodal micrometastasis identified by @entity4166 RT-PCR, extranodal local recurrence in the SN basin (left supraclavicular basin) was observed 6 months postoperatively. These findings suggest that nodal micrometastasis detected by nested RT-PCR has some clinical significance in @entity5 . Molecular assessment of the SN may be a valuable tool to complement routine histological examination for @entity5 .

title: Significance of XXXX detected by molecular techniques in sentinel nodes of @entity1 with @entity1820 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GI cancer', 'cancer', 'GI cancers']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']