abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1204 treated with surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and vaginal cuff brachytherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 83 @entity1 treated for 1988 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) @entity1204 at our institution between 2003 and 2010. All @entity1 underwent comprehensive surgical staging. Adjuvant therapy was @entity3003 and @entity1311 for 6 cycles and vaginal cuff brachytherapy. For analysis, @entity1 were grouped into type I (FIGO grade 1-2 endometrioid histology, n = 41) or type II (FIGO grade 3, clear cell or papillary serous histology, n = 42) disease. Forty-three @entity1 (52%) had node-positive disease, with similar node-positive rates for type I (n = 21, 51.2%) and type II (n = 22, 52.4%). RESULTS: The median follow-up was 38.6 months. There were no isolated @entity177 . The estimated 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for type I versus type II were 92.4% versus 58.0% (P = 0.001) and 97.2% versus 65.8% (P = 0.002), respectively. The 3-year DFS and @entity1349 for node negative versus node positive were 85.0% versus 63.6% (P = 0.02) and 84.2% versus 78.0% (P = 0.02), respectively. Associations between type I histology and node-negative disease with improved DFS and @entity1349 persisted on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our institutional approach of adjuvant chemotherapy and vaginal cuff brachytherapy for @entity5 seemed acceptable for @entity1 with low-risk histology or node-negative disease. In contrast, higher rates of failure among those with high-risk histology and/or node-positive disease support intensification of therapy in these subsets.

title: Adjuvant @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and Vaginal Cuff Brachytherapy for XXXX : Analysis of Outcomes and Patterns of Recurrence Based on Pathologic Characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['stage III endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal failures']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage III Endometrial Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To evaluate @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) risk factors in @entity2 @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: @entity1211 incidence is around 40-100 cases per 1000 @entity1 -years in @entity2 @entity1 vs. an estimated 1-2 cases per 1000 @entity1 -years in the general population. @entity1 with @entity420 have higher risk of @entity1211 than @entity1 with @entity957 . @entity1211 risk appears two-fold higher in @entity1149 than in small-cell @entity2 @entity1 . Other risk factors are pneumonectomy, @entity3 , use of specific chemotherapeutic drugs in combination with novel targeted drugs, such as antiangiogenic agents, and elevated prechemotherapy platelet counts. Tissue factor (TF), the initiator of the clotting cascade, may be (over)expressed in @entity2 cells. Active TF-bearing microparticles, which may originate from the @entity5 cells themselves, have been found in the circulation of @entity5 @entity1 . Microparticle-associated TF activity may provide a link between @entity5 and @entity715 and play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of the prothrombotic state in @entity5 @entity1 . SUMMARY: Risk factors of @entity1211 in @entity2 @entity1 are @entity420 , @entity3 , pneumonectomy and anticancer therapy including chemotherapy and anti-VEGF targeted drugs. Other risk factors include pretreatment platelet counts and active TF-expressing circulating microparticles.

title: Risk of @entity1211 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Context (Background): We report our experience with robotic thymectomy in @entity1 with @entity1737 (MG)and provide data on the surgical results and neurologic outcomes, as per the @entity1737 Foundation of America (MGFA) recommendations for MG clinical research standards. OBJECTIVE: The study aims at reporting the surgical and neurological outcomes of @entity1 of @entity1737 treated by robotic thymectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective data was collected from 71 @entity1 with @entity1737 (in the age range 15-67 years) with or without @entity704 , who had completed a minimum follow up of one year. All @entity1 were treated with robotic radical thymectomy. The clinical classification, status of preoperative and postoperative therapy, evaluation of post-interventional clinical status, and descriptions of morbidity/mortality were done as per the MGFA recommendations. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to assess the factors associated with achievement of complete stable remission( @entity9362 ). RESULTS: A total of 71 @entity1 were included in this study. Twenty-one out of 71 @entity1 (29.6%) with @entity1737 had @entity704 . At the last follow up, 70 @entity1 were alive. No evidence of @entity5 recurrence was found in @entity1 with @entity704 . The overall @entity9362 rate was 38% with the median time to @entity9362 of 17.5 months (range 11-48 months). The @entity9362 rate for @entity1 of MG with @entity704 was 19 % (n=4/21). Factor found to be significantly predicting @entity9362 were young age, lesser severity of MG and non-thymomatous histology. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic thymectomy is a technically feasible and safe operation with a low morbidity and short hospitalization. It is associated with good neurological long-term results in terms of both @entity9362 and clinical improvement.

title: Robotic thymectomy for XXXX with or without thymoma-surgical and neurological outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis', 'Myasthenia gravis', 'Myasthenia Gravis']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of anal transition zone @entity1141 / @entity5 after stapled IPAA for @entity31 might be cumulative over time. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to assess the long-term incidence and risk factors of anal transition zone @entity1141 . DESIGN: This was a retrospective study from a prospectively maintained database. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center. @entity1 : @entity1 included those in our surveillance program of serial anal transition zone biopsies after stapled IPAA from 1986 to 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anal transition zone @entity1141 was the main measured outcome. RESULTS: Of 532 @entity1 , 285 had 2 or more anal transition zone surveillance biopsies, including 73 with >= 20 years of regular follow-up. No @entity420 was detected, and 15 @entity1 died of unrelated causes after a median follow-up of 13.4 years (range, 2.9-19.5 years) without @entity1141 . The estimated survival rates at 10, 15, and 20 years were 99.6% (95% CI, 96.9-99.9), 98.9% (95% CI, 95.7-99.7), and 92.6% (95% CI, 86.5-96.0). The estimated rates of anal transition zone @entity1141 based on the 9 @entity1 were 2.9% (95% CI, 1.5-5.7) and 3.4% (95% CI, 1.8-6.4) at 10 and 15 years. No new-onset @entity1141 was identified beyond 125 months. Postoperative anal transition zone @entity1141 was significantly associated with both preoperative and pathology findings of @entity14 (p < 0.001 for each) or @entity5 (p = 0.025 and p <0.001) and was managed expectantly or with mucosectomy (5 and 4 @entity1 ), depending on the number of positive biopsies and degree of @entity1141 . Continued surveillance after detection of anal transition zone @entity1141 showed no evidence of recurrent @entity1141 during a median follow-up of 125 months (range, 9-256 months). LIMITATIONS: Approximately half of the eligible @entity1 were excluded from the analysis because of insufficient follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up data corroborate the use of stapled IPAA for @entity31 . Future studies should assess whether a less intensive surveillance strategy is safe 10 years after surgery.

title: Twenty-year-old stapled pouches for @entity31 without evidence of XXXX : implications for surveillance strategy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The @entity1943 analogue octreotide impairs intestinal regeneration and the adaptive response to intestinal resection and other stimuli. These effects are mediated in part by inhibition of enterocyte migration and proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine whether octreotide promotes enterocyte apoptosis. Twenty-four New Zealand white @entity95 were studied including 18 animals that underwent patch enteroplasty in the distal ileum to stimulate the mucosa and six unoperated controls. The patched animals either received 100 microgram or 1000 microgram of subcutaneous octreotide daily or served as operated control subjects. Normal ileal mucosa adjacent to the patch was evaluated at 7 days for villus height, crypt depth, crypt cell production rate (CCPR), and in situ end labeling of DNA fragmentation. Mean DNA fragmentation was significantly greater in octreotide-treated animals (P <0.05 Mann-Whitney rank test). @entity1949 scores ranged from 1.0 to 1.5 in controls and 1.1 to 2. 65 in treated animals. Staining of enterocytes was quite heterogenous, however, among the villi of individual treated animals. Staining was greater and cells with chromatin condensation were more prevalent near the tip of the villus. Octreotide increased apoptosis at the villus tip, lateral villus, and crypt. The two control groups had similar villus height, crypt depth, and CCPR The two @entity2390 -treated groups had similar villus height and CCPR compared to control animals. However, crypt depth was significantly less in the octreotide-treated animals (100 +/- 9 micrometer and 90 +/- 6 micrometer, 100 microgram, and 1000 microgram) compared to controls (121 +/- 10 micrometer and 117 +/- 10 micrometer, unoperated and operated; P <0.05). Crypt depth but not villus height correlated with DNA fragmentation. Neither correlated with CCPR. The following conclusions were reached: (1) @entity2390 treatment is associated with increased DNA fragmentation in enterocytes; (2) octreotide promotes apoptosis in both villus and crypt compartments; (3) predisposition to apoptosis may play a role in octreotides effects on intestinal regeneration and adaptation; and (4) the role of proliferation and apoptosis in determining the size of the enterocyte compartments remains unclear.

title: XXXX analogue predisposes enterocytes to apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['Somatostatin']


abstract: In @entity1 @entity302 , pharmacoresistance to antiepileptic drug therapy is a major problem affecting a substantial fraction of @entity1 . Many of the currently available antiepileptic drugs target voltage-gated @entity1372 channels, leading to a rate-dependent suppression of neuronal discharge. A loss of use-dependent block has emerged as a potential cellular mechanism of pharmacoresistance for anticonvulsants acting on voltage-gated @entity1372 channels. There is a need both for compounds that overcome this resistance mechanism and for novel drugs that inhibit the process of epileptogenesis. We show that @entity13953 , a once-daily antiepileptic drug, may constitute a candidate compound that addresses both issues. @entity13953 is converted extensively to @entity23100 after oral administration. We have first tested using patch-clamp recording in @entity1 and @entity35 hippocampal slices if @entity23100 , the major active metabolite of @entity13953 , shows maintained activity in chronically @entity302 tissue. We show that @entity23100 exhibits maintained use-dependent blocking effects both in @entity1 and experimental @entity302 with significant add-on effects to @entity2049 in @entity1 @entity302 . Second, we show that @entity13953 also inhibits @entity22826 T-type @entity141 channels, which have been shown to be key mediators of epileptogenesis. We then examined if transitory administration of @entity13953 (once daily for 6 weeks, 150 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg) after induction of @entity302 in @entity19 has an effect on the development of chronic @entity410 and neuropathological correlates of @entity302 . We found that @entity13953 exhibits strong antiepileptogenic effects in experimental @entity302 . EEG monitoring showed that transitory @entity13953 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in @entity410 activity at the chronic state, 8 weeks after the end of treatment. Moreover, @entity13953 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in mossy fibre sprouting into the inner molecular layer of @entity2134 -injected @entity19 , as detected by Timm staining. In addition, @entity302 animals treated with 150 mg/kg, but not those that received 300 mg/kg @entity13953 showed an attenuated @entity528 . These results indicate that @entity23100 potentially overcomes a cellular resistance mechanism to conventional antiepileptic drugs and at the same time constitutes a potent antiepileptogenic agent.

title: Targeting pharmacoresistant XXXX and epileptogenesis with a dual-purpose antiepileptic drug.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['chronic epilepsy', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity13953 :: ('MESH:C416835', 'Chemical') :: ['eslicarbazepine acetate', 'Eslicarbazepine acetate']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity23100 :: ('MESH:C571001', 'Chemical') :: ['eslicarbazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity3168 type A strains which differed in alpha-toxin (phospholipase C [PLC]) productivity were inoculated intraperitoneally or intravenously into @entity19 , and then their 50% @entity19 lethal doses (LD50) were determined. Strain @entity3168 produced ninefold higher PLC activity than strain 13. The mean LD50 for the former was 1 log unit lower than that for the latter. Two isogenic strains were constructed from strain 13: strain 13(pJIR418 alpha) (pJIR418 alpha contains the plc gene), which produced ninefold higher PLC activity than strain 13; and strain 13 PLC-, which showed no PLC productivity at all because of transformation-mediated gene disruption. The mean LD50 for strain 13(pJIR418 alpha) was 1 log unit lower than those for strain 13 PLC- and strain 13. These results indicate that PLC functions as a virulence-determining factor when it is produced in a sufficient amount. Such a difference in LD50 was also observed between @entity3881 with and without the cloned plc gene. Inoculation of @entity3881 PLC+ intravenously into @entity19 caused marked @entity882 and @entity491 . @entity19 inoculated with @entity3881 at 2 LD50 died because of @entity1457 . Histological examination revealed that @entity5642 and vascular congestion occurred most prominently in the lungs. These results suggest that PLC plays a key role in the systemic intoxication of clostridial myonecrosis, probably by affecting the functions of platelets and phagocytes.

title: Role of alpha-toxin in @entity3168 infection determined by using recombinants of XXXX and @entity3881 .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory collapse']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['NCTC 8237', 'Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity3168 :: (1502,Species) :: ['C. perfringens']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The recent guidelines on management of @entity510 ( @entity510 ) advise pharmacological thromboprophylaxis (PTP) after @entity439 . However, no study has addressed the safety of PTP in the @entity510 population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the safety of early PTP after @entity510 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort of @entity510 @entity1 admitted between January 2012 and June 2013 in a single high-volume @entity510 center. Traumatic @entity510 and perimesencephalic @entity548 @entity1 were excluded. @entity1 were grouped according to PTP timing: early PTP group (PTP within 24 hours of @entity439 treatment), and delayed PTP group (PTP started > 24 hours). RESULTS: A total of 174 @entity510 @entity1 (mean age 56.3  12.5 years) were admitted during the study period. Thirty-nine @entity1 (22%) did not receive PTP, whereas 135 @entity1 (78%) received PTP after @entity439 treatment or negative angiography. Among the @entity1 who received PTP, 65 (48%) had an external ventricular drain. Twenty-eight @entity1 (21%) received early PTP, and 107 (79%) received delayed PTP. No @entity1 in the early treatment group and three @entity1 in the delayed PTP group developed an @entity1779 . Two required neurosurgical intervention and one died. These three @entity1 were on concomitant PTP and dual antiplatelet therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The initiation of PTP within 24 hours may be safe after the treatment of a @entity1756 or in angiogram-negative @entity510 @entity1 with diffuse @entity548 pattern. We suggest caution with concomitant use of PTP and dual antiplatelet agents, because it possibly increases the risk for @entity1779 .

title: Safety of early pharmacological thromboprophylaxis after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'aneurysmal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'SAH', 'aSAH']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm obliteration', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhagic complication', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is associated with high mortality and has no approved antiviral therapy. We aimed to compare @entity5371 and interferon alfa-2a treatment for @entity1 with severe @entity7822 with a supportive therapy only. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we included adults (aged >= 16 years) with laboratory-confirmed @entity7822 and @entity55 needing ventilation support, diagnosed between Oct 23, 2012, and @entity4456 , 2014, at the Prince Sultan Military Medical City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). All @entity1 received appropriate supportive care and regular clinical and laboratory monitoring, but @entity1 diagnosed after Sept 16, 2013, were also given oral @entity5371 (dose based on calculated @entity1011 clearance, for 8-10 days) and subcutaneous pegylated interferon alfa-2a (180  g per week for 2 weeks). The primary endpoint was 14-day and 28-day survival from the date of @entity7822 diagnosis. We used   (2) and Fischer's exact test to analyse categorical variables and the t test to analyse continuous variables. FINDINGS: We analysed 20 @entity1 who received @entity5371 and interferon (treatment group; initiated a median of 3 days [range 0-8] after diagnosis) and 24 who did not (comparator group). Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar between groups, apart from baseline absolute neutrophil count, which was significantly lower in the comparator group (5  88   *   10(9)/L [SD 3  95] vs 9  88   *   10(9)/L [6  63]; p=0  023). 14 (70%) of 20 @entity1 in the treatment group had survived after 14 days, compared with seven (29%) of 24 in the comparator group (p=0  004). After 28 days, six (30%) of 20 and four (17%) of 24, respectively, had survived (p=0  54). Adverse effects were similar between groups, apart from reduction in haemoglobin, which was significantly greater in the treatment group than in the comparator group (4  32 g/L [SD 2  47] vs 2  14 g/L [1  90]; p=0  002). INTERPRETATION: In @entity1 with severe @entity7822 , @entity5371 and interferon alfa-2a therapy is associated with significantly improved survival at 14 days, but not at 28 days. Further assessment in appropriately designed randomised trials is recommended. FUNDING: None.

title: @entity5371 and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7822 :: ('MESH:D018352', 'Disease') :: ['MERS-CoV infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5371 :: ('MESH:D012254', 'Chemical') :: ['ribavirin']

answer: @entity7822 :: (MESH:D018352,Disease) :: ['coronavirus infection']


abstract: In order to improve survival in a disease where the majority of @entity204 occur from metastases, the integration of systemic chemotherapy is crucial. Research efforts must continue to focus on refining case selection criteria, improving complete response proportions, and overcoming drug resistance. The blanket recommendation of a single therapeutic strategy such as radical surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy to all @entity1 is quickly becoming an outdated approach. Refinements in the understanding of the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of @entity5 will ultimately improve case selection. Evaluation of @entity18962 RNA levels, or DNA ploidy and T138 surface antigen expression, which have been shown to correlate with metastatic potential, may hold important therapeutic implications. The use of hematopoietic growth factors has the potential to improve both the tolerance of chemotherapy and complete response proportions, a prerequisite for cure. A recent report from Japan of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with MVAC and other chemotherapy regimens for @entity5 corroborated an initial report in reducing the duration of @entity1398 . However, the dose response curves for most of the known active agents are not well defined and, ultimately, new agents and strategies will be required. @entity16891 , when administered by continuous intravenous infusion, has significant single agent activity in @entity900 -refractory @entity1 with 9/31 responses (29%), including 6 CRs (19%) and further studies are warranted. Drug resistance remains a major obstacle, and as the mechanisms are unravelled, more rational therapies can be designed. For example, resistance to @entity632 ( @entity632 ; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, @entity2145 ) and @entity5713 , two components in the MVAC regimen, are mediated in part by the @entity1262 gene. Attempts are ongoing to identify prospectively those @entity5 with high levels of expression that may be more amenable to treatment with drugs that are not affected by this mechanism. The neoadjuvant approach allows an in vivo assessment of response to chemotherapy as well as the potential for bladder preservation. In most cases additional therapy directed at the primary is required as clinical understaging is a significant problem and pCR proportions are less than 30%. For some @entity1 , initial surgery followed by treatment based on pathologic criteria may represent a better strategy. In these cases the recommendation for adjuvant treatment potentially limits therapy to a population of @entity1 for whom therapy is essential. Based on available data, this would include @entity1 with positive lymph nodes at the time of surgery. Ideally, @entity1 with invasive @entity150 should be entered into clinical trials designed to assess the impact of these strategies on survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The evolving role of chemotherapy for muscle infiltrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16891 :: ('MESH:C027235', 'Chemical') :: ['Gallium nitrate']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: African American @entity1 with @entity263 are less likely than White @entity1 to receive a radical prostatectomy. This disparity may exist because African American @entity1 have @entity263 that are more biologically aggressive. We investigated if similar stage cancers of African American @entity1 and White @entity1 show differences in @entity5 control after radical prostatectomy. @entity1 with @entity263 who underwent radical prostatectomy during a 6-yr period were stratified by race, and time to @entity1486 recurrence was measured. We used Chi-square and t-tests to compare baseline clinical and pathological factors based on race. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine effects of race on @entity5 control while controlling for baseline measures of @entity5 severity. There were 1,228 cases evaluated. At baseline, African American @entity1 were treated at a significantly younger age than White @entity1 (P = 0.0027) but showed no significant difference in @entity1486 PSA, Gleason score, pathology stage, maximum @entity5 dimension, and surgical margin status. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis controlling for @entity5 severity at prostatectomy revealed that @entity5 -free survival was not worse among African Americans compared to other subjects (P = 0.16). The responsiveness of @entity263 among African American @entity1 to radical prostatectomy was similar to White @entity1 of similar stage and grade. Early detection in African American @entity1 may facilitate diagnosis of @entity5 amenable to prostatectomy. Studies are needed to evaluate the possible interaction of @entity263 stage and grade shift in African American @entity1 and the disease free survival in this population.

title: XXXX -free survival of African Americans is similar to non-African Americans after adjustment for baseline @entity5 severity.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Postprostatectomy cancer']


abstract: One approach to the toxicological evaluation of chemical mixtures is to construct full dose-response curves for each compound in the presence of a range of doses of each of the other compounds, i.e., a factorial design. This study was undertaken as part of an interdisciplinary project to evaluate a mixture of three environmental pollutants. A full-factorial design was undertaken to determine the neurobehavioral consequences of short-term repeated exposure to five dose levels each of three chemicals, in order to characterize potential two- and three-way interactions. Adult female F344 @entity35 received (p.o.) for 10 days either one of five doses of @entity4965 , @entity5248 , or @entity20345 , or else one of all possible chemical combinations. Neurobehavioral evaluations were conducted using motor activity and an abbreviated functional observational battery. Response-surface analysis was applied to each of the endpoints. Hypotheses were tested based on the estimated model parameters; of primary interest was the overall test for interaction among the three chemicals. In addition, an abbreviated design was created by fitting only a subset of the data to the model. In general, significant overall interactions that deviated from response additivity were detected for most endpoints (11 of 14). All of the interactions on the neurobehavioral endpoints showed either antagonism, or else an interaction that could not be fully characterized. Often the results of the abbreviated dataset analysis were not the same as for the full-factorial design. This study was extremely intensive, in terms of the number of @entity35 and time required for conduct of the study as well as the data analysis. These results underscore the need for more economical approaches to evaluate the toxic effects of mixtures of chemicals.

title: Neurobehavioral evaluations of mixtures of XXXX , @entity20345 , and @entity5248 in a full-factorial design.

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity20345 :: ('MESH:D006533', 'Chemical') :: ['heptachlor']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethylene']


abstract: @entity72 is a heterogeneous @entity245 with strong genetic basis. To identify common genetic variations conferring the risk of @entity2438 , we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study using @entity2438 family and healthy control samples obtained from East Asian populations. A total of 166 @entity2438 families (n   =   500) and 642 healthy controls from the Japanese population were used as the discovery cohort. Approximately 900,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using Affymetrix Genome-Wide @entity1 SNP array 6.0 chips. In the replication stage, 205 Japanese @entity2438 cases and 184 healthy controls, as well as 418 Chinese Han trios (n   =   1,254), were genotyped by TaqMan platform. Case-control analysis, family based association test, and transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) were then conducted to test the association. In the discovery stage, significant associations were suggested for 14 loci, including 5 known @entity2438 candidate genes: @entity40179 , @entity18023 , @entity67812 , @entity40264 , and @entity32827 . In addition, significant associations were identified for several novel genes with intriguing functions, such as @entity9477 , @entity24115 , @entity8085 , and @entity10746 . After a meta-analysis combining the Japanese replication samples, the strongest signal was found at @entity67813 (P   =   6.04 * 10(-7) ), which is located near the @entity10746 gene. In summary, our results provide independent support to known @entity2438 candidate genes and highlight a number of novel genes warranted to be further investigated in a larger sample set in an effort to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of @entity2438 . @entity2438 Res 2016, 9: 340-349.    2015 International Society for @entity2438 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Genome-wide Association Study of XXXX in the East Asian Populations.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['Autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['Autism Spectrum Disorder']


abstract: It is likely that the pathophysiology of exertional @entity64 (EHS) differs from passive @entity64 (PHS), but this has been difficult to verify experimentally. C57Bl/6 @entity19 were instrumented with temperature transponders and underwent 3 wk of training using voluntary and forced running wheels. An EHS group was exposed to environmental temperatures (Tenv) of 37.5, 38.5, or 39.5  C at either 30, 50, or 90% relative humidities (RH) while exercising on a forced running wheel. Results were compared with sham-matched exercise controls (EXC) and na  ve controls (NC). In EHS, @entity19 exercised in heat until they reached limiting @entity16 ( @entity909 ). The symptom-limited maximum core temperatures achieved were between 42.1 and 42.5  C at 50% RH. All @entity19 that were followed for 4 days survived. Additional groups were killed at 0.5, 3, 24, and 96 h, post-EHS or -EXC. Histopathology revealed @entity16 in all regions of the small intestine, liver, and kidney. Plasma @entity45237 were significantly elevated compared with matched EXC and NC, suggesting multiple @entity130 to striated muscle, kidney, liver, and intestine, respectively. EHS @entity19 were hypoglycemic immediately following EHS but exhibited sustained @entity4854 through 4 days. The results demonstrate unique features of survivable EHS in the @entity19 that included @entity909 , extensive @entity130 , and @entity5925 .

title: Biomarkers of @entity130 in a preclinical model of exertional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity45237 :: ('14079(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein-2']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['heat stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['extensive damage', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['heat stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our experience of the pectoralis major flap as the treatment modality for post coronary artery bypass sternal wound @entity6783 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 25 open heart surgery cases, performed between January 2006 and December 2010 at Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, was carried out. Unilateral or bilateral pectoralis major muscle flap by the double breasting technique using rectus extension was used in the management of these @entity1 . The outcome was assessed on the basis of efficacy of flap surgery in achieving wound healing and post-surgery shoulder joint movements to evaluate donor site morbidity. The follow-up ranged from 5 months to 3.5 years. RESULTS: Twenty-three (92%) @entity1 were discharged with complete wound closure. One @entity1 (4%) had wound @entity6783 after flap surgery. One @entity1 (4%) died in the hospital in the immediate postoperative period due to @entity1764 . No recurrent sternum infection has occurred till date in 24 @entity1 (96%). For one @entity1 (4%) who had wound @entity6783 , daily dressing was done and wound healing was achieved with secondary intension. At follow-up, shoulder joint movements were normal in all the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The double breasting technique of the pectoralis major @entity121 with rectus sheath extension is efficient in covering the entire length of the defect and can reduce the morbidity, without affecting the function of the shoulder joint.

title: Our experience with pectoralis major flap for management of sternal XXXX : A review of 25 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

answer: @entity6783 :: (MESH:D013529,Disease) :: ['dehiscence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most MRI-based @entity571 ( @entity571 ) studies have focused on a single knee per @entity1 and thus, data on bilaterality is sparse. Study aim was to describe symmetricity of MRI-detected @entity571 features in a cohort of subjects with knee @entity158 . DESIGN: @entity1 were 169 subjects with chronic knee @entity158 who had 3 T MRI of both knees using the same protocol as in the @entity571 Initiative. Knees were read for @entity16 , @entity236 ( @entity236 ), and @entity16 according to the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) system. Chi(2) tests were used to compare the proportion of knees with unilateral tissue pathology to the proportion what would be expected if both knees were independent. We further used percent agreement and linear weighted kappa statistics to describe agreement of @entity16 and @entity236 in the same articular plates. RESULTS: 51.2% of @entity1 were @entity1 , mean age was 52.1 (  6.2), mean BMI was 29.0 kg/m(2) (  4.1). All plates showed a significant higher degree of symmetricity for @entity16 as evidenced by weighted kappas ranging from 0.32 to 0.59. For @entity236 the degree of symmetricity was higher for the patella, trochlea, medial tibia, lateral femur, and medial femur; for @entity16 the degree of unilaterality was lower for all medial meniscal subregions but not all lateral. Kappas ranged between 0.52 and 0.68 for cartilage and 0.30 and 0.55 for @entity236 for the four subregions with highest agreement. CONCLUSION: A higher degree of symmetricity of tissue damage than expected by chance was observed in this cohort of subjects with knee @entity158 .

title: Brief report: symmetricity of radiographic and MRI-detected structural joint damage in @entity1 with knee XXXX --the Joints on Glucosamine (JOG) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal damage', 'cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow lesions', 'BMLs']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The prognostic significance and the optimal management of regional lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity259 continue to be controversial. The current surgical approach for nodal @entity3 is removal of grossly involved lymph nodes ("berry picking"). In @entity1 with @entity3557 , this intraoperative sampling technique reveals @entity5 in only 15% to 60% of excised nodes. However, if a more extensive nodal dissection is undertaken, at least 70% of @entity1 are found to have @entity66 . The authors have successfully used a gamma probe-guided lymph node dissection technique ("gamma picking") to identify visually undetectable micrometastatic lymph nodes at the time of surgical exploration. The authors used this technique in a 52-year-old @entity1 with @entity1377 of the thyroid that was diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration. Eighteen hours before the planned total thyroidectomy, the @entity1 was given 1 mCi I-123 orally. Operative exploration revealed @entity5 nodules in both lobes but no palpable lymph nodes in the neck. Total thyroidectomy was performed with complete extracapsular @entity1315 and isthmus. The thyroid bed and the central and lateral nodal basins were scanned using a gamma probe (Neoprobe). Hot spots were identified, and these counts were compared with that of the background activity in the @entity10874 muscles. The gamma probe revealed four distinct foci of increased activity (10 times more than the background). These were resected and labeled separately for histopathologic study. Histologic analysis revealed bilateral, multifocal well-differentiated @entity1377 , with the largest @entity5 focus measuring 0.6 cm. Two of the four hot spots proved to be metastatic foci in small lymph nodes measuring less than 0.5 cm. The other two hot spots were thyroid remnants with no associated nodal tissue.

title: Gamma probe-guided lymph node dissection ('gamma picking') in differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumor']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['removal of both lobes']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of modern therapy on functional recovery after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the predictors of systolic functional recovery after anterior wall @entity583 in @entity1 undergoing modern therapy (reperfusion, aggressive platelet antiaggregant therapy, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers). METHODS: A total of 94 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 with ST-segment elevation were enrolled. Echocardiograms were performed during the in-hospital phase and after 6 months. @entity299 was defined as ejection fraction value < 50%. RESULTS: In the initial echocardiogram, 64% of @entity1 had @entity299 . @entity1 with @entity67 had greater @entity1188 size, assessed by the measurement of total and isoenzyme MB @entity908 kinase enzymes, than @entity1 without dysfunction. Additionally, 24.5% of @entity1 that initially had @entity299 showed recovery within 6 months after @entity583 . @entity1 who recovered ventricular function had smaller @entity1188 sizes, but larger values of ejection fraction and E-wave deceleration time than @entity1 without recovery. At the multivariate analysis, it can be observed that @entity1188 size was the only independent predictor of functional recovery after 6 months of @entity583 when adjusted for age, gender, ejection fraction and E-wave deceleration time. CONCLUSION: In spite of aggressive treatment, systolic @entity67 remains a frequent event after the anterior wall @entity583 . Additionally, 25% of @entity1 show functional recovery. Finally, @entity1188 size was the only significant predictor of functional recovery after six months of @entity583 .

title: Infarct size as predictor of systolic functional recovery after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'Systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: A literature search from 1993 to 1997 using MEDLINE and key-words beverages, muscle cramp, and @entity4807 was performed. Three beverages containing @entity4807 were examined in grocery stores. Analysis indicate that leg cramps are a common phenomenon associated with many @entity74 especially peripheral vascular and @entity16 . Thus, evaluation of a @entity1 's complaining of leg cramps appropriately includes vascular, neurologic, and musculoskeletal examinations. Laboratory investigation of the symptom of leg cramps warrants as a minimum, assessment of thyroid function and determination of platelet counts and serum levels of electrolytes, @entity460 , and @entity1760 . A few small studies suggest that @entity4807 is effective in decreasing the frequency of @entity1021 but not their severity or duration. @entity4807 consumed in commercial beverages has been reported to cause potentially fatal immunologically mediated @entity56 . The concentration of @entity4807 in commercial beverages varies greatly. Although commercial beverages containing @entity4807 generally are labeled "Contains @entity4807 ," they typically lack both nutritional information about the amount of @entity4807 and warnings of the health risks. It appears that 325 milligrams of @entity4807 taken by mouth at bedtime typically relieves @entity1021 , but lower starting doses are appropriate for senior citizens and individuals with @entity8 . In general, @entity4807 in any form should be avoided by pregnant @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1578 . @entity4807 consumed for the treatment of leg cramps should be prescribed and monitored by physicians, and @entity1 who consume @entity4807 in commercial beverages must be warned of the health risks.

title: Should @entity1 with XXXX drink tonic water and bitter lemon?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal leg cramps']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity4807 :: ('MESH:D011803', 'Chemical') :: ['quinine', 'Quinine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid disorders']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1021 :: (MESH:D020922,Disease) :: ['nocturnal leg cramps']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical application of needle video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy in the pathologic diagnosis and staging for @entity2 . METHODS: Ninety-four @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity2 staged IIIa-IV by chest X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, for which a pathologic diagnosis was not made by sputum and @entity1143 cytology or bronchoscopic examination. Needle video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy was performed for primary lesions, mediastinal lymph nodes, metastatic lesions in the lungs and the chest wall. RESULTS: Pathologic samples were obtained in 89 of the 94 @entity1 by needle video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The successful rate was 95%. After operation, the pathologic diagnosis was confirmed to be @entity2 in all the 89 @entity1 . @entity420 was found in 47 @entity1 , @entity957 in 23, @entity1962 in 12, and @entity151 in 7. Compared to the clinical diagnosis before operation, the pathologic diagnosis post-operation was changed in 15 @entity1 . Pneumothorax and mild haemoptysis occurred in 4 @entity1 and 2 of the cases respectively. All the @entity1 were followed for 8 - 18 months with computed tomography and physical examination. No implantation @entity3 was found. CONCLUSION: Needle video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy is an effective diagnostic measure for @entity1 with @entity2 for which pathologic diagnosis, typing and staging are not determined by routine examinations.

title: [The application of needle video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy in pathologic diagnosis and staging for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['advanced lung cancer']


abstract: An 86-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of right lower @entity490 . A 7 by 6 cm @entity5 palpable in the right lower quadrant was poorly mobile. Abdominal CT scan showed a huge @entity5 with a strong enhancement effect. Barium enema and colonoscopic examination revealed a @entity5 located from the cecum to the ascending colon on the oral side. An undifferentiated @entity420 was suspected after examination of the biopsy specimen, right hemicolectomy was performed. The @entity5 invaded the retroperitoneal membrane. Histological examination showed a very @entity4303 tumor with central @entity39 invading the veins. Pathohistologically, the huge @entity5 was diagnosed as endocrine cell @entity189 or @entity4303 . Furthermore, an @entity75 , 2.5 cm in size, was revealed in the cecum closed to the huge @entity5 . Histological examination showed that the polypoid lesion was early moderately differentiated @entity420 . There was no transition between the two @entity5 . The @entity1 was discharged, but died of local recurrence 9 months after the surgery. Endocrine cell @entity189 is rare, in particular of the ileocecal region. Endocrine cell @entity189 of the ileocecal region adjacent to an @entity420 without transition had not been reported previously in Japan.

title: [Endocrine cell @entity189 ( @entity4303 ) of the ileocecal region adjacent to an XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['elevated lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the large bowel']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['atypical carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: "Rave parties", all-night dance parties based on "techno" music, represent an increasing phenomenon in France. "Rave drugs" refers to a wide variety of drugs used by the young @entity1 owing to their hallucinogenic or stimulant effects. Uncertainties about the sources of these substances, the possible contaminants and the multiplicity of the associations make it difficult to evaluate the toxic consequences that might be expected in this particular context. This report presents toxicological cases documented by analytical findings in which two pharmacological agents abused in "rave parties" in South-West of France were found. The day following a party, a 17 year-old @entity1 showed a @entity911 state with drowsiness and @entity1833 . She confessed having consumed a white powder sold as " @entity32015 ", that sample analysis identified as pure @entity3652 . @entity3652 is an anaesthetic agent primarily used in veterinary medicine and paediatrics. This drug seems to be abused, mainly by the intranasal route, owing to its hallucinogen effects. Its used in "rave-party" appears to be marked by unsuspected consumption. All long another party, a large quantity of orange tablets were sold and abused by several @entity1 . Analysis performed on some fragments of these tablets revealed the presence of @entity63532 and @entity620 . @entity63532 , an @entity4944 -related substance, is a central nervous system stimulant. This compound is "freely" available in Spain in combination with several vitamins, under the form of tablets with orange coating named "Katovit" and sold at low price: 1.93 [symbol: see text]/20 tablets (200 mg of @entity63532 ).

title: [New drugs at "rave parties": @entity3652 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confused']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity63532 :: ('MESH:C005598', 'Chemical') :: ['prolintane', 'Prolintane']

answer: @entity63532 :: (MESH:C005598,Chemical) :: ['prolintane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7271 is an @entity792 usually associated with @entity5 as lymphoid proliferations. We report the original case of a @entity1 who had developed a @entity3217 fongoide preceded by a @entity7271 . To our knowledge, this association has never been reported before. Cutaneous manifestations of @entity3217 fongoide as pigmentary change are known. This @entity3217 fongoide was particular in its progressive @entity2117 . CASE REPORT: A 70-year-old male @entity1 developed a @entity3217 fongoide with @entity5823 positive cells in the dermis several months after the diagnosis of a @entity7271 . Simultaneously, a @entity2117 was predominantly noticed on photo-exposed areas, which improved after chemotherapy. DISCUSSION: @entity7271 may precede the @entity5 , as is shown by our present case. This @entity7271 is singular because of the lack of @entity1697 , @entity1 's prolonged survival and its association with a @entity3217 fongoide. The diagnosis of @entity3217 fongoide with @entity5823 + cells was finally established together with its relationship to the @entity2117 . Indeed, a few cases of pigmentary changes in @entity3217 fongoide have already been reported. The pathogenesis is still unknown, but the role of mast cell and stem cell factor in hyperpigmented @entity3217 fongoide has been proposed.

title: [Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, XXXX and @entity7271 ].

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral erosions']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['Paraneoplastic pemphigus', 'paraneoplastic pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune mucocutaneous disease']

answer: @entity2117 :: (MESH:D017495,Disease) :: ['cutaneous hyperpigmentation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular targeted therapies have improved progression-free survival (PFS) without translating systematically into overall survival (OS) for @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). In this population, @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs) have become a significant outcome. We evaluated the methodological quality of the assessment of PROs in @entity23 ( @entity23 ) and the clinical benefit of the different treatments including survival and quality of life (QoL). METHODS: A systematic review identified @entity23 published between January 2005 and July 2014. They were evaluated according to 11 items derived from the 2013 CONSORT PROs reporting guidelines. Survival outcomes and PROs main results were analyzed and the magnitude of clinical benefit was assessed with the European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS). RESULTS: 12 @entity23 were included with a total of 22 publications. The mean CONSORT score for all items was 4.5 on an 11-point scale. No publication reported the power of the PROs analysis and only one reported a PRO hypothesis. 50% of studies did not interpret PROs in relation to clinical outcomes and only 18% discussed specific limitations of PROs and their implications for generalizability. By adding the QoL criterion to PFS, 4 trials (36.4%) obtained a high level of proven clinical benefit according to the ESMO-MCBS. CONCLUSION: The methodology for assessing PROs in @entity1358 is not optimal. Efforts should focus on defining PROs endpoint and increasing the quality of reporting of QoL. New-generation therapies in @entity1358 should demonstrate a gain not only in survival but also in QoL to be included in the therapeutic arsenal.

title: Impact of targeted therapies in @entity1358 on XXXX -reported outcomes: Methodology of clinical trials and clinical benefit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoids are effective for the treatment of @entity879 , severe @entity6194 and @entity879 ; however, the mechanism underlying the effects of treatment by glucocorticoids remains to be fully elucidated. The role and detailed mechanism of how glucocorticoids prevent @entity409 progression can be elucidated by investigating the apoptosis of hepatocytes following glucocorticoid treatment. P  -glycoproteins (P  -gps) also confer resistance to apoptosis induced by a diverse range of stimuli. Glucocorticoids, particularly @entity619 ( @entity9170 ), upregulate the expression of @entity7895 in several tissues. In the present study, the normal @entity1 L  -02 liver cell line was used, and techniques, including immunocytochemistry, western blot analysis, flow cytometry and reverse transcription  -quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were used for determining the expression levels of P  -gps, and for evaluating the effect of @entity9170 pretreatment on the expression of P  -gps. @entity9170 (1  -10    M) was added to the cell culture media and incubated for 24  -72  h. The results revealed that @entity9170 upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of @entity7895 in a dose  - and time  -dependent manner. Subsequently, @entity5 @entity39 factor  -related apoptosis  -inducing ligand ( @entity2205 ) was used for the induction of apoptosis in the cells, followed by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling assay to assess the apoptotic stages. The results demonstrated that apoptosis in the group of cells, which were pre  -treated with @entity9170 was significantly lower than that in the control group. Treatment with @entity9573 , a @entity7895 inhibitor, reduced the anti  -apoptotic effects of @entity9170 . These results established that @entity9170 protects normal @entity1 liver cells from @entity2205  -induced apoptosis by upregulating the expression of @entity7895 . These observations may be useful for elucidating the mechanism of @entity9170 for preventing the progression of @entity409 .

title: @entity619 protects normal XXXX liver cells from apoptosis induced by @entity5 @entity39 factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand by upregulating the expression of P-glycoproteins.

entities_list: @entity9573 :: ('MESH:C402343', 'Chemical') :: ['tariquidar']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure', 'acute-on-chronic pre-liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Six @entity1 with vulvar malignant @entity320 are reported. They accounted for 5.2% of all females with @entity5 diagnosed in the south of Israel between 1961 and 1997. Age ranged from 25 to 66 years. Presenting symptoms were @entity111 , @entity548 and @entity1066 . Lesion originated in the labia minora in four @entity1 and the labia majora in two, and lesion size ranged from I to 8 cm. Five @entity1 had @entity320 , and one had superficial spreading @entity320 . Breslow depth ranged from 2.5 to 8 mm, Clark level was IV in four @entity1 and III in two, and Chung level was IV in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 had radical vulvectomy and bilateral groin lymphadenectomy, one had wide local excision, and one refused surgery. The two @entity1 who had radical hemivulvectomy and bilateral groin lymphadenectomy were given adjuvant active specific immunotherapy with allogeneic vaccine and have survived disease-free, whereas the remaining four @entity1 died of disease. It is concluded that vulvar malignant @entity320 is a rare and aggressive @entity5 . For @entity1 who present with deep lesions (Breslow depth > 0.76 mm, Clark level > II, Chung level > II) the recommended treatment is wide radical local excision (or at the most, radical hemivulvectomy) and bilateral groin lymphadenectomy.

title: XXXX of the vulva: report of six cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vulvar malignancies']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'nodular melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The link between @entity378 ( @entity378 ) and dialysis is known; however, the impact of @entity378 on the clinical outcomes remains to be elucidated. This study aims to determine the clinical consequences of @entity1907 among @entity1 under long-term dialysis. METHODS: A retrospective propensity-scores matched (1:4) cohort study was conducted by retrieving @entity1 data for @entity1907 after long-term dialysis commencement from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 1999 and 2013. @entity1 with @entity378 (n   =   1993) or without @entity378 (n   =   7972) were compared for 3-year morbidity and mortality. The effect of Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course (DOTS) implementation was also evaluated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS: @entity378 @entity1 had a significantly higher risk of mortality than non- @entity378 @entity1 even after multivariate adjustment (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.36-1.60; P   <   0.001). DOTS implementation reduced the risk of some morbidities such as @entity55 , hospitalization and intensive care unit stay >7   days, but not inotropic agent usage, ventilator therapy >21   days and mortality in @entity378 @entity1 . In @entity1907 @entity1 with treatment duration >= 180   days, DOTS implementation also lowered the risk of @entity378 relapse (HR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.55; P   <   0.001), irrespective of treatment duration (180-224 or >= 225   days). CONCLUSION: Pulmonary @entity378 increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in dialysis @entity1 ; DOTS implementation reduces some morbidities and @entity378 relapse. Continuing DOTS implementation should be encouraged to improve clinical outcomes in dialysis @entity1 .

title: Effect of @entity1907 on clinical outcomes of long-term dialysis XXXX : Pre- and post-DOTS implementation in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are involved in the post-ischemic reperfusion syndrome of the myocardium. Moreover, ageing is associated with an increased cardiac sensitivity to both @entity63 and reperfusion. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the lower tolerance of aged hearts to reperfusion could be due to an increased sensitivity to the ROS that are produced during the early phase of reperfusion. For this purpose isolated perfused hearts from adult (4 months) and aged (24 months) @entity35 were perfused with a buffer containing 150 microM of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) in presence or absence of @entity5532 (150 microM), an @entity68 chelator. @entity274 perfusion was continued until left ventricular developed pressure had decreased up to 20% of its initial value. Ageing led to a significant reduction of the duration of the @entity274 perfusion required for inducing a 80% functional alteration. Although @entity5532 did not affect this parameter in adult @entity35 , it significantly increased the duration of @entity274 -perfusion in senescent hearts (control: 14.0+/-0.9 min vs. @entity5532 : 18.1+/-1.0, P<0.05). Similarly, ageing aggravated @entity299 induced by @entity274 -perfusion. Again, @entity5532 , which had no effect on this parameter in young adult hearts, significantly reduced the contracture of senescent @entity35 hearts. To conclude, our data clearly show that ageing is associated with an increased sensitivity of the myocardium to @entity273 , which is partly reversed by @entity68 chelation. These results suggest that the @entity68 -catalyzed Fenton reaction producing @entity3787 radicals might be greater in hearts from senescent @entity35 than in hearts from young adults.

title: Ageing exacerbates the cardiotoxicity of @entity273 through the Fenton reaction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine', 'deferoxamine mesylate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac contracture']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: States struggle to continue support for recruitment, funding and development of designated @entity130 centers (DTCs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the probability of survival for injured @entity1 treated at DTCs versus nontrauma centers. METHODS: We reviewed 188,348 @entity1 from the state's hospital discharge database and identified 13,953 severely injured @entity1 admitted to either a DTC or a nontrauma center between 2008 and 2012. DRG International Classification of Diseases-9th Rev. Injury Severity Scores (ICISS), an accepted indicator of injury severity, was assigned to each @entity1 . @entity130 was defined as an ICISS less than 0.85 (indicating >= 15% probability of mortality). Three subgroups of the severely injured @entity1 were defined as most critical, intermediate critical, and least critical. A full information maximum likelihood bivariate probit model was used to determine the differences in the probability of survival for matched cohorts. RESULTS: After controlling for injury severity, @entity130 , @entity1 demographics, the presence of comorbidities, as well as insurance type and status, severely injured @entity1 treated at a DTC have a 10% increased probability of survival. The largest improvement was seen in the intermediate subgroup. CONCLUSION: Treatment of severely injured @entity1 at a DTC is associated with an improved probability of survival. This argues for continued resources in support of DTCs within a defined statewide network. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Epidemiologic study, level III.

title: An analysis of the effectiveness of a state @entity130 system: Treatment at designated XXXX centers is associated with an increased probability of survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Severe injury', 'trauma', 'injury type']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anterior column reconstruction (ACR) is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of @entity85 . ACR uses a lateral transpsoas approach with @entity981 release and the application of an interbody device to achieve correction. Here, we present 1-year radiographic results from a multicenter study of @entity85 ( @entity85 ) @entity1 . METHODS: A multicenter database was queried from 2005 to 2013 for @entity85 @entity1 treated with ACR. Demographics, surgical data, and radiographic measurements were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Radiographic time points included preoperative (pre-op), postoperative (post-op; first visit prior to 3  months), and last follow-up (last FU; minimum of 1  year). Sagittal radiographic measurements included @entity1515 (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), @entity10145 ( @entity10145 ), T1 spinopelvic inclination (T1SPi), and segmental @entity1515 (disc angle). RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 67.4  years (range 46.5-80.0) and 11 @entity1 (32.4  %) were male. Twenty @entity1 (58.8  %) had previous lumbar surgery. All @entity1 had a minimal of one-level ACR with @entity981 release (mean 1.7; range 1-4). Mean number of @entity11375 ( @entity11375 ) levels without @entity981 release per @entity1 was 0.7 (range 0-3). Thirty-three @entity1 (97.1  %) received supplemental posterior fixation and 1 @entity1 (2.9  %) had lateral fixation only. In 26 @entity1 (76.5  %), supplemental posterior fixation was performed using an open approach, and 7 @entity1 (20.6  %) were treated with percutaneous placement. Mean of number of levels fused was 7.1 (range 2-16). There was a significant improvement in LL (p  <  0.001), PI-LL mismatch (p  <  0.001), and PT (p  =  0.03) from pre-op to post-op, and pre-op to last FU. There was no change in T1SPi, @entity10145 , or PI. Segmental @entity1515 improved at ACR levels from mean of -2.2   pre-op to -16.0   post-op (p  <  0.01) and -16.3   at last FU (p  <  0.001). The addition of posterior column osteotomy increased the change in segmental @entity1515 with ACR by 72.7  % (p  <  0.001). @entity11375 without @entity981 release led to significant improvement in segmental @entity1515 from pre-op (-2.4  ) to post-op (-7.1  ; p  <  0.01) but not from pre-op to last FU (-5.7  ; p  =  0.06). CONCLUSION: ACR successfully restores lumbar @entity1515 in @entity85 @entity1 with sagittal imbalance. ACR results in greater segmental correction than is achieved with @entity11375 alone. Supplementing with posterior osteotomies allows for even greater correction. The ability to achieve the desired radiographic goals is expected to improve as technical nuances are refined and @entity1 selection is optimized.

title: Radiographic outcomes of anterior column realignment for adult XXXX : a multicenter analysis.

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['LLIF', 'lateral interbody fusion']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'regional lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal plane deformity', 'adult spinal deformity', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'sacral slope']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['sagittal plane deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are considered nonhereditary or sporadic. However, single-institution studies suggest that @entity677 @entity1 develop additional @entity5 at increased frequencies. It was hypothesized that greater insight could be gained into possible associations between @entity674 and other @entity5 with a national cancer database inquiry. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity674 (2001-2011) in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were included. Standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to quantify cancer risks incurred by @entity677 @entity1 before and after @entity677 diagnoses, respectively, in comparison with the general US population. RESULTS: There were 6112 @entity677 @entity1 , and 1047 (17.1%) had additional @entity5 . There were significant increases in overall cancer rates: 44% (SPR, 1.44) before the @entity677 diagnosis and 66% ( @entity420 , 1.66) after the @entity677 diagnosis. Malignancies with significantly increased occurrence both before and after diagnoses included other @entity242 (SPR, 5.24; @entity420 , 4.02), @entity5 (SPR, 3.56; @entity420 , 4.79), @entity1893 (SPR, 1.69; @entity420 , 1.76), and @entity14 (SPR, 1.51; @entity420 , 2.16). @entity420 (SPR, 12.0), @entity1494 (SPR, 7.51), @entity320 (SPR, 1.46), and @entity263 (SPR, 1.20) were significantly more common only before the @entity677 diagnosis. @entity43 ( @entity420 , 8.72), @entity420 ( @entity420 , 5.89), @entity3557 ( @entity420 , 5.16), @entity1358 ( @entity420 , 4.46), @entity420 ( @entity420 , 3.10), @entity356 ( @entity420 , 2.70), @entity788 ( @entity420 , 2.03), uterine @entity420 ( @entity420 , 1.96), @entity1149 ( @entity420 , 1.74), and transitional cell @entity150 ( @entity420 , 1.65) were significantly more common only after the @entity677 diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first population-based study to characterize the associations and temporal relations between @entity5 by both site and histological type. These associations may carry important clinical implications for future cancer screening and treatment strategies. Cancer 2015;121:2960-2967.    2015 American Cancer Society.

title: Increased risk of additional @entity5 among @entity1 with XXXX : A population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancies', 'neuroendocrine-carcinoid tumors', 'GISTs and other cancers']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['small intestine adenocarcinoma', 'hepatobiliary adenocarcinoma', 'SIR', 'adenocarcinoma', 'Esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6372 is a genetically determined disorder with early onset. The @entity3519 usually manifests as a disturbance of gait with fatigue and may be confused with @entity508 . The diagnosis is based on clinical recognition and response to l-dopa, which is usually complete and long lasting. The most common genetic defect involves the gene for @entity3007 cyclohydroxylase I. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We describe a Norwegian family in which three generations are affected. RESULTS: All those affected had gait disturbance from childhood; the disturbance became worse during the day and after exercise. Clinical examination revealed @entity1957 and brisk tendon reflexes. Dystonic posturing of one or both legs could be seen during walking. All @entity1 were treated with @entity3034 with excellent effect. INTERPRETATION: Though uncommon, this disorder is an important differential diagnosis in @entity1 with gait disturbance, particularly in those suspected as having @entity3500 .

title: [ XXXX --a hereditary dystonia easy to treat].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['reduced fine motor skills']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['Dopa-responsive dystonia']

answer: @entity6372 :: (MESH:C538007,Disease) :: ['Dopa-responsive dystonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is a chronic relapsing disease that has increased in prevalence during the last 4 decades. However, little is known about factors that affect disease severity. METHODS: We carried out a longitudinal observational study that included @entity1 aged 5 to 10 years recruited from general practices in the United Kingdom. General practitioners identified potential @entity1 and the United Kingdom diagnostic criteria for @entity483 were used to verify the diagnosis in @entity1 . The scoring @entity483 index was used to assess disease severity. In addition, information was obtained from parents at the first interview as to age of onset, social class, ethnic group, @entity1 's atopy, family history of atopy, and other potential risk factors using a 5-page piloted questionnaire. The aim was to document risk factors for @entity483 severity over time by sequential repeated interview and clinical examination during a 2-year period. The scoring @entity483 index was skewed to the right so nonparametric tests were used for statistical significance. RESULTS: In all, 137 @entity1 (65 @entity1 [47%] and 72 @entity1 ) with @entity483 were recruited and seen up to 4 times; 40 in March 1998, 104 in October 1998, 116 in March 1999, and 120 at the final visit in October 1999, giving our study an 88% follow-up rate. The severity scores were ranked into 3 categories (80% mild, 18% moderate, and 2% severe) according to suggested guidelines. From this population we were able to show that those with @entity484 that commenced during the first year of life, which was accompanied by @entity565 , hay @entity221 , or both, and associated with living in an urban area, had more severe disease independent of other potential risk factors. CONCLUSION: This study has systematically studied @entity483 severity in a community-based design. Researchers and clinicians should be aware of those factors reported in our study as @entity1 exposed to these factors may have a different disease outcome. Further studies on disease severity are needed.

title: Predictors of XXXX severity over time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: @entity3219 is an uncommon @entity66 typically caused by @entity3218 . The objective was to determine the clinicopathological findings in adrenal histoplasmosis. Pathological records were searched from the database at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University from 1993 to 2008 for cases of adrenal histoplasmosis. The keywords were "histoplasmosis" and "adrenal gland". @entity3219 was diagnosed by histopathology and Gomori-Grocott @entity1332 staining. @entity3218 was confirmed by tissue culture and/or serology. The authors report seven cases of adrenal histoplasmosis in immunocompetent @entity1 . The mean age at diagnosis was 67 years. All @entity1 presented as @entity5815 . The onset of symptoms ranged from one to three months. @entity5343 was found in adrenal histoplasmosis in one case (14.3%). The computed tomography revealed adrenal nodules measuring 1.2 to 7.8 cm in diameter. The histopathology showed @entity32 with caseous @entity39 . Culture of adrenal tissue from two @entity1 revealed Histoplasma capsulatum. Serum Histoplasma antibodies were positive in four cases. A cure was accomplished in 6 out of 7 cases (85.7%). The @entity1 were followed up for 2.5 to 16.5 years.

title: XXXX : a case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine silver']

answer: @entity3219 :: (MESH:D006660,Disease) :: ['Adrenal histoplasmosis']


abstract: Sex differences in @entity161 can be caused by the disease process itself, by genetic and hormonal differences, by differences in the maturation and morphology of the brain and in age- and gender-specific behavioural patterns. These hypotheses will be tested on the major results reported in the literature as well as on different levels (epidemiology, risk factors, animal experiments, a controlled clinical study) on data from the ABC @entity161 Study. Symptomatology, lifetime risk and symptom-related course of illness-the latter without consideration of age-show no gender differences. However, until menopause illness onset is delayed and severity of illness is reduced by @entity2931 on the level of gene expression and transmitter functioning. @entity2931 has an antagonistic effect on the-familial or exogenous-predisposition to illness. As a result, the age distribution of onset and the severity of @entity5665 in young @entity1 and post-menopausal @entity1 differ from the normal. First intervention trials with @entity2931 substitution of neuroleptic therapy have demonstrated antipsychotic effects. The poorer social course of @entity161 in @entity1 than in premenopausal @entity1 is accounted for by @entity1 's lower level of social development at illness onset and the subsequent impediment of their further development. @entity1 's socially adverse illness behaviour, too, is a contributing factor. Scarcity of the knowledge of differences in the development, morphology and functioning of the male and female brain does not yet allow any definitive conclusions about gender differences in @entity161 .

title: Gender differences in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity5665 :: ('MESH:C563278', 'Disease') :: ['first-episode illness']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'Oestrogen']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The necessity of surgical treatment of liver metastases of @entity356 is still controversial. @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of liver-limited @entity3 of @entity356 treated surgically between 2000 and 2010. In this study, 103 @entity1 were registered, with nine @entity1 excluded from the analysis as they did not meet the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: Of the 94 @entity1 , 69 underwent surgical resection, 11 underwent surgical resection combined with radiofrequency ablation or microwave coagulation therapy for small or deep @entity5 , and 14 underwent radiofrequency ablation or microwave coagulation therapy only. Synchronous and metachronous metastases were found in 37 and 57 @entity1 , respectively. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates of all the @entity1 were 51.4 and 42.3  %, respectively. The 3- and 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 29.2 and 27.7  %, respectively. No significant difference in prognosis was observed between the @entity1 who underwent surgical resection and those who underwent ablation therapy. The @entity1 with @entity99 and low-grade lymph node metastases of primary @entity356 had significantly better overall survival and relapse-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this study is the largest series and first multicenter cohort study of liver-limited @entity3 of @entity356 . The study indicated that @entity1 with a single liver @entity3 with a grade lower than N2 lymph node @entity3 of the @entity75 are the best candidates for liver resection.

title: Surgical treatment of liver @entity3 of XXXX : a retrospective multicenter cohort study (KSCC1302).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic solitary lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity2418 is an @entity1200 associated with abnormal development of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches. As a hemizygous deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 occurs, various clinical phenotypes are shown with a broad spectrum. Conotruncal @entity299 , @entity6732 , and @entity3747 are the classic triad of @entity2418 . As this syndrome is characterized by hypoplastic or aplastic thymus, there are missing thymic shadow on their plain chest x-ray. @entity465 @entity1 are traditionally known to be at an increased risk for @entity5 , @entity706 . We experienced a 7-year-old @entity2418 @entity1 with mediastinal mass shadow on her plain chest x-ray. She visited Severance @entity1 's Hospital hospital with recurrent @entity55 , and throughout her repeated chest x-ray, there was a mass like shadow on anterior mediastinal area. We did full evaluation including chest computed tomography, chest ultrasonography, and chest magnetic resonance imaging. To rule out @entity5 , video assisted thoracoscopic surgery was done. Final diagnosis of the mass which was thought to be @entity5 , was @entity1071 .

title: XXXX who developed lymphoproliferative mediastinal mass.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative lesion']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['especially lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient disease']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic thymus']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['Immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['DiGeorge syndrome']

answer: @entity2418 :: (MESH:D004062,Disease) :: ['DiGeorge syndrome']


abstract: A constrained least-squares technique to correct diagnostic x-ray tube energy spectra for inherent blurring by scintillation detectors was developed. The measured detector response function to monoenergetic sources was used to construct a matrix that modeled the energy broadening in the crystal. This blurring operator, along with an estimate of statistical noise in the count data, comprised the a priori system knowledge required for application of the method. @entity5335 anode spectra up to 90 kVp were acquired with a @entity3696 -photomultiplier detector system at a source-to-detector distance of 30 cm. @entity998 was collimated at the detector by a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole collimator. Measured @entity3696 spectra were compared to both published reference data and to spectra acquired in our laboratory with a Ge detector system. Application of the constrained least-squares technique involved first defining a criterion function that combined an assessment of the goodness of fit with a weighted measure of the smoothness of the solution. Minimization of this function resulted in the corrected spectrum. While it is not possible to recover the characteristic @entity5335 peaks, the success of our method in deconvolving the measured spectra was demonstrated by a significant improvement in agreement with reference data. To provide a measure of this agreement, a histogram of the differences between the two curves was generated. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Gaussian distribution fit to the histogram was used to quantify the similarity between the spectra and the reference data, both before and after correction. As spectral agreement improves, the FWHM becomes smaller. We show that application of the constrained least-squares technique improved spectral matching by 20%-60%.

title: Deblurring of x-ray spectra acquired with a XXXX -photomultiplier detector by constrained least-squares deconvolution.

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten', 'Tungsten']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['X-ray tube output']

answer: @entity3696 :: (CHEBI:50884,Chemical) :: ['Nal']


abstract: @entity1582 remains incurable. Despite the pursuit of various chemotherapeutic approaches, little improvement in outcome has been made in the last 30 years. @entity2816 , @entity619 , and @entity4581 are oral, nonmyelosuppressive agents, each with reported single agent activity against @entity1582 . We evaluated a regimen of @entity4581 ( @entity4581 ), low-dose @entity2816 and @entity619 (BLT-D) in @entity1 with previously untreated or treated @entity1582 or Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 . @entity1 were initially given @entity4581 500 mg twice daily, @entity2816 50-200 mg daily, and @entity619 40 mg weekly until disease progression. Minimum response was defined as > 50% reduction in monoclonal immunoglobulin or light chain levels in serum or urine. Response, @entity137 , and survival were determined on an evaluable and/or intent-to-treat basis. Of the 50 @entity1 available for analysis, 92% remain alive and 64% remain on treatment with a median and mean duration of treatment of 7 and 8 months, respectively. Overall, 93% of evaluable @entity1 responded to BLT-D, including 13% complete remissions, 40% near complete responses, 13% major responses, and 27% partial responses. Minimal drug resistance was initially encountered. @entity2359 , although usually mild to moderate, was the primary reason for treatment discontinuation. Only four @entity1 died, including three @entity944 in @entity1 with severe @entity66 . It appears that BLT-D is a highly effective, nonmyelosuppressive regimen for @entity1582 . Caution should be exercised when using @entity2816 , alone or in combination, in @entity1 with a preexisting tendency to @entity715 , severe @entity51 .

title: BLT-D ( @entity4581 [ @entity4581 ], low-dose @entity2816 , and @entity619 ) for the treatment of XXXX and Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden deaths']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['Biaxin', 'clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary disease, or neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: Since 1975, various @entity16 have been reported in @entity1 undergoing periodic haemodialysis, the most frequent being the @entity923 . Ten @entity1 on chronic haemodialysis developing 15 @entity923 (5 unilateral and 5 bilateral) are reported. Various causes for the @entity177 were present and clinical signs of the @entity923 developed at a late stage. The @entity2548 required for extrarenal epuration was antebrachial and of the laterolateral type, except in one case when it was lateroterminal. The @entity923 was always on the same side as the @entity292 , developing at a later stage on th contralateral side in the 5 cases of @entity74 . Lesions were severe, in 11 of the 15 cases. Some @entity1 noted fluctuations in @entity158 symptoms during haemodialysis, either improving or becoming worse. Gross pathological findings during operation (13 cases) were @entity2762 with epineural hypervascularisation on the opposite side. In 9 cases, however, atypical @entity1184 was observed. Histological examination in 12 cases demonstrated typical @entity2762 in 3 @entity1 , but granulomatous @entity2762 with @entity527 was reported in 9 @entity1 . Lesions were bilateral in 2 cases thus present, on the side opposite to the @entity292 . Ultrastructural study confirmed the amyloid nature of the deposits in 3 cases, the microfibrillary appearance (80 to 100 A) being characteristic of amyloid substance. This rare complication does not represent a common @entity923 , and three mechanisms may be involved in its induction : peripheral @entity16 , haemodynamic modifications resulting from the antebrachial arteriovenous shunt, and amyloid formation in the flexor synovial sheaths. In the latter case, the type of @entity66 may be a primary @entity1582 not previously detected, or an elective amyloid process localised to the tenosynovial and periarticular tissues.

title: [ XXXX , @entity2762 and periodic hemodialysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic tenosynovitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['entrapment neuropathies', 'uraemic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral disorders']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndromes', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['Carpal tunnel syndrome']