abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To quantitatively assess the lateral skull base thickness in @entity1 with @entity8467 ( @entity8467 ) using a standardized and validated radiographic measure and to compare it with that of a population with spontaneous @entity2972 ( @entity2972 ). (2) To analyze demographic and clinical factors associated with skull base thickness in the @entity8467 group. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary neurotologic referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Based on computed tomography imaging of the tegmen, mean skull base thickness was calculated for 16 @entity1 with radiographic and clinical @entity8467 . Similar measures were performed in 4 comparison groups consisting of adults with spontaneous @entity2972 (n = 33), as well as 3 control groups recruited from our adult cochlear implant database: 30 @entity28 controls (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m(2)), 11 overweight controls (BMI, 25-30 kg/m(2)), and 20 normal weight controls (BMI <25 kg/m(2)). RESULTS: The @entity8467 group had a significantly lower mean BMI (28.6 kg/m(2)) than the spontaneous @entity2972 group (37.7 kg/m(2); P = .0007). The mean skull base thickness of @entity8467 @entity1 was 17% thinner than that of the @entity2972 group, 31% thinner vs @entity28 controls, 49% thinner vs overweight controls, and 45% thinner vs normal weight controls. These differences were all statistically significant (P < .05). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity8467 have a marked thinning of the lateral skull base, more so than @entity1 with spontaneous CSF @entity2972 and control groups with different BMIs. Skull base attenuation in @entity8467 @entity1 did not correlate with BMI.

title: Lateral Skull Base Attenuation in Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence and Spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8467 :: ('MESH:C537879', 'Disease') :: ['superior semicircular canal dehiscense', 'SSCD']

entities_list: @entity2972 :: ('MESH:D002558', 'Disease') :: ['otorrhea', 'cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea', 'CSFO']

answer: @entity2972 :: (MESH:D002558,Disease) :: ['Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea']


abstract: The therapeutic effects of a monoclonal antibody against @entity5 factor alpha ( @entity310 ) were evaluated objectively in 10 @entity1 with @entity309 by 111In-labelled granulocyte imaging before and after treatment, and compared with changes in granulocyte kinetics with respect to the liver, spleen and lungs. Anti- @entity310 resulted in a decrease in the size of the whole-body pool of marginating granulocytes, as reflected by a significant increase in the 30 min intravascular recovery of labelled granulocytes from 40% (S.D. 10) to 47% (S.D. 16) of injected activity (P<0.02). The 111In contents of the spleen, liver and lungs were unchanged, so the origin of the increment in recovery was presumed to be a reduction in granulocyte margination in inflamed synovium, although this was not quantifiable. The sizes of the granulocyte pools in the liver and lungs, expressed as the 111In content of the organ per unit of circulating 111In-labelled cells, were not significantly different after treatment, but the splenic granulocyte pool decreased by 16% (S.D. 19) (P<0.05). Individual changes in the size of the splenic pool showed no significant correlation with corresponding changes in 30 min recovery or with corresponding indices of @entity32 (24 h 111In-granulocyte joint activity and C-reactive protein). We conclude that anti- @entity310 produces an obvious resolution in inflammatory joint activity that is accompanied by an increased circulating component of the total blood granulocyte pool, as a result of decreased margination at sites of @entity32 . Anti- @entity310 may also produce a specific decrease in splenic granulocyte pooling, independent of any anti-inflammatory effects, although a similar decrease in the lungs, which might be anticipated as a result of reduced cytokine-induced granulocyte activation, could not be detected.

title: Effects of treatment of @entity309 @entity1 with an antibody against XXXX factor alpha on reticuloendothelial and intrapulmonary granulocyte traffic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour necrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6126 is defined as the inadequate gonadal production of @entity251 . Low serum @entity251 leads to @entity249 by impairing spermatogenesis and reducing sperm count, however, the impact of @entity6126 in epididymal sperm maturation is poorly understood. From the testis, spermatozoa are transported into the epididymis where they find a specific microenvironment composed of a complex mixture of proteins that facilitate sperm storage and maturation. Inside the epididymal ductule, spermatozoa undergo several changes, resulting in their becoming capable of fertilizing eggs. Protein @entity1520 isomerases (PDIs) are known to participate in the folding and assembly of secreted proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, little is known about the control and function of PDIs in the testis and epididymis, particularly during male development. The aim of this work was to compare the expression and distribution of @entity41836 and @entity14778 ( @entity14778 ) in the testis and epididymis of healthy and @entity1176 -immunized boars. We detected higher amounts of @entity14778 and @entity41836 in sperm preparations and fluid from the proximal regions of the epididymis of healthy boars. However, we observed an increase in @entity14778 expression in the testis and @entity1971 in the immunocastrated group. @entity1176 -immunized boars showed a marked increase in @entity41836 content in cauda spermatozoa and fluid, indicating a possible endocrine dysregulation of @entity41836 . The results of our study suggest that PDIs are associated with epididymal sperm maturation and may be attractive candidates for monitoring male fertility.

title: @entity1176 immunization alters the expression and distribution of protein XXXX isomerases in the epididymis.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'Hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda epididymis']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['disulfide']


abstract: Besides its essential and well established role as a component of the cytoskeleton, actin is also present in the cell nucleus, where it has been linked to many processes that control gene expression. For example, nuclear actin regulates the activity of specific transcription factors, associates with all three RNA polymerases, and is a component of many chromatin remodelling complexes. Despite the fact that two export receptors, @entity15200 and @entity39542 , have been linked to nuclear export of actin, the mechanism by which actin enters the nucleus to elicit these essential functions has not been determined. It is also unclear whether actin is actively exchanged between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and whether this connection has any functional significance for the cell. By applying a variety of live-cell imaging techniques we revealed that actin constantly shuttles in and out of the nucleus. The fast transport rates, which depend on the availability of actin monomers, suggest an active transport mechanism in both directions. Importantly, we identified @entity39543 as the nuclear import factor for actin. Furthermore, our RNAi experiments showed that the active maintenance of nuclear actin levels by @entity39543 is required for maximal transcriptional activity. Measurements of nuclear export rates and depletion studies also clarified that nuclear export of actin is mediated by @entity39542 , and not by @entity15200 . These results demonstrate that cytoplasmic and nuclear actin pools are dynamically connected and identify the nuclear import and export mechanisms of actin.

title: Active maintenance of nuclear actin by XXXX supports transcription.

answer: @entity39543 :: (55705,Gene) :: ['importin 9']


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity37904 -induced @entity99 were retrospectively collected over a nine-year period in hepatogastroenterological units of non university, public hospitals. There was a strong female predominance (90 percent). @entity37904 (Dup  @entity5856 ) was taken because of @entity625 in 8 out of 10 cases. Administration was continuous in 85 percent of cases and median duration was 445 days. median dose was 450 mg per day. @entity1087 , @entity1295 , and @entity353 were the most frequent symptoms, but @entity4 , @entity843 and palmar erythema were not uncommon. @entity882 (38 percent) was the most frequent @entity1503 . @entity177 , always with benign course, was present in 1/4 of cases. Biochemical disorders indicated hepatocellular and @entity1448 in 3/4 and 1/4 of cases respectively. @entity4059 below 50 percent was noted in 1 out of 6 cases, and was associated with @entity204 in half cases. Gamma-globulins were increased in 80 percent of cases, with a predominant increase of IgG. Antinuclear or anti-smooth muscle antibodies were present in 60 percent of cases, whereas antimitochondrial and antimicrosomes were absent. Histopathological examination of the liver biopsy specimens obtained in 25 @entity1 showed @entity99 with @entity82 in 17--including 6 @entity1 with @entity82 ; there were no epidemiological, clinical (except @entity843 ), or biochemical differences between these two groups. Four of the 7 @entity1 tested had HLA B8 antigens; they all had @entity3619 , with autoantibodies in 3 cases. Median duration of hospitalization was 21 days. @entity99 was directly responsible for @entity204 in 3 @entity1 ; biochemical sequelae ( @entity4754 or anicteric @entity1448 ) were present in 8 @entity1 , 2 of whom most likely had @entity82 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity99 caused by XXXX (Dup  @entity5856 ). Retrospective study of 30 cases. A model of autoimmune drug-induced @entity99 ?].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity37904 :: ('MESH:C017136', 'Chemical') :: ['Clometacin', 'clometacin']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoprothrombinemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic hepatitis', 'cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatitis in 8 and chronic active hepatitis', 'Hepatitis', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity37904 :: (MESH:C017136,Chemical) :: ['clometacin']


abstract: @entity788 remains a highly malignant disease. Curative treatment is only possible for @entity1 diagnosed at a very early stage. Therefore, the vast majority of @entity788 @entity1 receive palliative treatment. @entity954 is offered to @entity1 who are found not to have a resectable @entity5 . The treatment of @entity3883 is managed by stenting of the common bile duct or by a surgical bypass. The best possible surgical procedure should be based on the factors that influence hospital mortality, length of survival, and quality of life. In @entity1 with a life expectancy of longer than 3 months, surgical bypass is recommended, with hepaticojejunostomy the treatment of choice. In the same surgical procedure, the relief of @entity9727 with a gastroenteric bypass should be achieved. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of both is employed as a neoadjuvant measure, as an adjuvant treatment, or, in most @entity1 , as palliation. As palliative chemotherapy alone, @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) plus @entity4181 is still the treatment of choice; however, newer drugs, such as @entity136 , seem to have similar or marginally better results. Palliative radiochemotherapy with external-beam radiation plus @entity1487 and @entity4181 seems to lead to better local control of @entity5 progression but not to better survival, for which distant @entity3 are the limiting factor.

title: Neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and palliative treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical palliation']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The implantation of a total hip arthroplasty is the standard treatment for @entity1 with progressive @entity2530 . However, there is uncertainty about the type of arthroplasty that provides the best outcome and whether short stem arthroplasty represents a reasonable alternative for young @entity1 in order to have more options in case of revision. This uncertainty exists due to the lack of studies analysing contemporary short stem arthroplasty in @entity2530 . AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of the METHA(  ) short stem arthroplasty in @entity1 with progressive @entity2530 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This study evaluated the clinical and radiological short- to midterm results after implantation of the cementless short stem arthroplasty METHA(  ). 73 hips in 64 @entity1 with progessive @entity2530 after implantation of the METHA(  ) arthroplasty were investigated by measuring the clinical outcome, the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and visual analogue @entity158 scale for the preoperative stage and follow-up. Radiological analyses of X-rays were conducted to assess the bone ingrowth as well as subsidence, @entity3061 or @entity174 . RESULTS: The @entity158 scale improved from preoperatively 7.8 to postoperatively 1.7, while the HHS increased from 41.4 to 90.6 points 34  months post-surgery. Complications associated with revision of the METHA(  ) short stem included two traumatic femoral shaft @entity174 and one @entity281 . The radiological assessment showed good bone ingrowth in all @entity1 despite @entity2530 . CONCLUSION: The study confirms encouraging results as well as good bone ingrowth of the cementless short stem arthroplasty METHA(  ) even in @entity1 with @entity2530 .

title: Cementless short stem hip arthroplasty METHA   as an encouraging option in adults with XXXX of the femoral head.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Merci Retrieval System was cleared for use in @entity1 with @entity64 in August 2004. However, there are few published results of "real world experience" with the device. METHODS: We captured single-center data on 25 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 treated with the Merci Retrieval System according to the MERCI trial except that we treated some @entity1 with tandem proximal carotid and @entity1504 with carotid angioplasty and stenting and some @entity1 were treated within the 3-hour window. RESULTS: Median @entity1 age was 63 years and median initial National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score was 18. Isolated M1 or M2 middle cerebral artery lesions occurred in 52%, " @entity1619 " lesions in 8%, and vertebrobasilar lesions in 8%. Tandem lesions involving proximal carotid and proximal intracranial vessel occurred in 32%, necessitating emergent multilevel treatment including carotid stenting. Median duration from symptom onset to Merci device utilization was 5.2 hours. Successful reperfusion (> or = thrombolysis in @entity583 [TIMI] 2 flow) in the target vessel was obtained in 56% of cases. Statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between ability to achieve greater than or equal to TIMI 2 flow and good clinical outcome as measured by 3-month NIHSS score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and mortality (nine out of the 12 without successful reperfusion died compared to none of the 13 with > or =TIMI 2 flow, p < 0.001). Younger age and lower NIHSS score on presentation were also predictors of good clinical outcome at 3 months. CONCLUSION: These "real world data" demonstrate that the results of the previous MERCI trial can be "independently replicated" at a regional @entity64 center. Although the results of placebo-controlled trials are still pending, mechanical revascularization has become a critical component of our @entity64 , particularly for severe @entity64 . Issues still remain regarding recalcitrant lesions and operator experience, which necessitate further clinical testing and device optimization.

title: The Merci Retrieval System for XXXX : the Southeast Regional @entity64 Center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke protocol', 'strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5310 is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative @entity5 , however, its symptoms are broad and place @entity1 at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. @entity1 with @entity5310 often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from the mast cells, such as generalized itching, redness, @entity10 , abdominal cramps, @entity294 , @entity158 or @entity625 , @entity551 and shock. The possible severe, fatal or near fatal reactions caused by @entity56 are reasons for the research focused on marker identification. The aim of the study was to analyse the gene expression differences in @entity5310 @entity1 with and without food and @entity56 and @entity566 ( @entity566 ). A total of 57 Caucasian @entity1 with @entity5310 were studied [median age 41.8; range 18-77  years; 15 (26.3  %) males and 42 (73.7  %) females]. Quantitative RT-PCRs of 11 genes plus ribosomal 18S RNA were run. Symptoms of @entity56 were found in 12 @entity1 (21  %), including 3 @entity1 (13  %) with @entity20145 ( @entity20145 ), and 9 (28  %) with @entity262 ( @entity262 ). @entity566 was confirmed in 13 @entity1 (22.8  %) including 6 @entity1 (10.5  %) with @entity20145 , and 7 @entity1 (12.3  %) with @entity262 . Drug @entity56 was diagnosed in 10 @entity1 (17.5  %). Significant differences in the gene expression were found for @entity22732 (p  =  0.008) in the comparison of the @entity5310 @entity1 with and without concomitant @entity56 . Furthermore significant differences were found in gene expression for @entity4755 (p  =  0.003) in @entity1 with @entity566 compared to @entity1 without insect sting anaphylaxis in the medical history. The expression of studied genes did not differ according to the presence of @entity56 . The @entity22732 expression was higher in @entity5310 @entity1 with @entity56 in their medical history, the @entity4755 expression was lower in @entity5310 @entity1 with @entity566 in history.

title: The Role of XXXX and @entity4755 Gene Expression in the Food Hypersensitivity and Insect Venom Allergy in @entity5310 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20145 :: ('MESH:D034701', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'cutaneous mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['Mastocytosis', 'mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['insect venom allergy', 'IVA']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['indolent systemic mastocytosis', 'ISM']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['drug hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity', 'food hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity22732 :: (9618,Gene) :: ['TRAF4']


abstract: Pediatricians play an important role in the diagnosis and therapy of @entity1 with @entity5545 , @entity1055 or @entity1056 . These syndromes strongly affect @entity1 's school performance. @entity1 with @entity5545 , @entity1055 or @entity1056 show a significant underachievement in reading, writing or counting and their failure to meet the school requirements undermines their self confidence and positive self-concept. As a result, @entity1 with @entity4207 often become aggressive, frustrated or play the clown in the classroom. According to the Hungarian law @entity1 with any learning difficulties have the right to get special education by their specific symptoms. In the realisation of the law and equity the pediatrician's expertise is essential and has an important role in the therapeutical procedures. However, the pediatrician's role is more complex than writing an opinion. Pediatricians can help by giving a detailed description about these syndromes and explain them how they can help their @entity1 , what are the main difficulties during the @entity1 's studies, what kind of therapies can be efficient and how they can make their @entity1 's school years easier. During the assessment most of the parents ask the following questions: What does @entity5545 , @entity1056 or @entity1055 exactly mean? Is it a handicap or a learning difficulty? Could the @entity1 live a normal life? With the proper answer and with an inclusive attitude pediatricians can help both the parents and the @entity1 to create a liveable lifestyle and make their @entity1 's schoolwork more successful. The authors' opinions are to close the medical and the pedagogical view, because without the cooperation of these two scientific fields, the theme affected parents, @entity1 and teachers cannot get proper help to find better solution and support for their problems. In the survey the authors intend to give a complex view about the symptoms of these syndromes and try to give useful advice for pediatricians how they can support their @entity1 emphasizing the key role of pediatricians and clinical expertises in the early recognition and therapy.

title: [Role of pediatricians in the diagnosis and therapy of XXXX , @entity1055 and @entity1056 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1056 :: ('MESH:D060705', 'Disease') :: ['dyscalculia']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning problems']

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['dysgraphia']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['dyslexia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if acute exacerbation of @entity1030 (AECOPD) is associated with @entity296 , expressed as elevated high sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs- @entity10020 ), and to identify determinants of hs- @entity10020 in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) @entity1 . DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study, hs- @entity10020 in @entity1 hospitalised for AECOPD was compared with hs- @entity10020 in @entity1030 @entity1 in their stable state. SETTING: The study was conducted at a teaching and a pulmonary rehabilitation clinic. @entity1 : Consecutive admissions to participating units for the years 2010-2011 meeting objective, standardised criteria for AECOPD and stable @entity1030 . MAIN OUTCOMES: Ratio of hs- @entity10020 in hospitalised AECOPD @entity1 compared with stable @entity1030 @entity1 . Change in the ratio of hs- @entity10020 per unit increase of relevant covariables. RESULTS: The geometric mean of hs- @entity10020 in the index group was 25.8 ng/l (95% CI 21.1 to 31.7) compared with 4.55 ng/l (95% CI 3.72 to 5.67) in the reference group. After inclusion of relevant covariables, multiple linear regression analyses showed that the ratio between hs- @entity10020 in AECOPD @entity1 and the references was 4.26 (95% CI 3.02 to 6.00) and that hs- @entity10020 increased 1.41-fold (95% CI 1.20 to 1.68), for each quartile increase in leucocyte count in stable @entity1030 but not in AECOPD. Higher hs- @entity10020 levels were also associated with the presence of pathological q-waves (p=0.012) and electrocardiographic left ventricular @entity1184 (p=0.039), long-term @entity26 treatment (p=0.002) and decreasing forced expiratory volume in 1 s (p=0.014). A significant univariable association between @entity10020 and arterial hypoxaemia was also found but this association was attenuated almost to a zero effect after inclusion of relevant covariates. CONCLUSIONS: AECOPD is associated with higher hs- @entity10020 as compared with stable @entity1030 . In stable @entity1030 , hs- @entity10020 appears to be positively associated with indices of @entity1030 severity, whereas we were unable to identify significant determinants of hs- @entity10020 in AECOPD.

title: Acute exacerbation of XXXX is associated with fourfold elevation of cardiac troponin T.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate whether detailed symptom analysis would help to identify pathophysiologic subgroups in chronic @entity1142 . METHODS: In 190 @entity1 with chronic @entity1142 (age, 53 (range, 18-88) years; 85 percent of whom were @entity1 ), symptom evaluation, transit time measurement (radiopaque markers), and functional rectoanal evaluation (proctoscopy, anorectal manometry, defecography) were performed. @entity1 were classified on the basis of objective data from all tests in four different groups ("disordered @entity344 combined with slow-transit stool," and "no pathologic finding"). RESULTS: In 59 percent of @entity1 , @entity74 was found, and 27 percent had slow-transit stool. In 6 percent of @entity1 , a combination of both was found; in only 8 percent of @entity1 , there were no pathologic findings. Straining was reported by the vast majority in all groups (82-94 percent). @entity717 and abdominal bloating were more common in slow-transit stool (87 and 82 percent vs. 69 and 55 percent, respectively; both P < 0.01). Feeling of incomplete evacuation was more common in @entity74 (84 vs. 46 percent; P < 0.0001). However, specificity of these symptoms was discouraging (for slow-transit stool: @entity717 had a sensitivity of 87 percent and a specificity of 32 percent and abdominal bloating had a sensitivity of 82 percent and specificity of 45 percent; for @entity74 : feeling of incomplete evacuation had a sensitivity of 84 percent and a specificity of 54 percent). Only the sense of obstruction and digital maneuvers were acceptably specific (79 and 85 percent, respectively) for @entity74 , but sensitivity was low. CONCLUSIONS: Definition of chronic @entity1142 by @entity717 alone is of little value; the symptom "necessity to strain" is much better suited (94 percent sensitivity). Specificity of @entity717 for slow-transit stool was discouraging. Sense of obstruction and digital manipulation for evacuation are relatively specific for @entity74 but insensitive. Therefore, symptoms of chronically constipated @entity1 are not well suited to differentiate between the pathophysiologic subgroups suffering chronic @entity1142 .

title: Symptoms in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['defecation," "slow gastrointestinal transit," "disordered defecation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disordered defecation']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Infrequent bowel movements', 'infrequent bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the importance of margin status and other prognostic factors associated with the recurrence and survival of @entity1 with @entity957 . METHODS: Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression. All slides were re-reviewed by two gynecologic pathologists. RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 (median age: 69) were treated for @entity189 from 1984 to 2002, including 28 FIGO stage I, 20 stage II, 26 stage III and 16 with stage IV disease. Sixty-three (70%) @entity1 underwent complete radical vulvectomies and 27 (30%) had modified radical vulvectomies. Nineteen (20%) @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy. Five-year disease-specific survival rates were 100%, 100%, 86% and 29% for stages I-IV, respectively. None of the 30 @entity1 with a pathologic margin distance >8 mm had local recurrence. Of the 53 @entity1 with @entity5 -free pathologic margin of <8 mm, 12 (23%) had a local recurrence. Moreover, @entity1 with >2 positive groin nodes had significantly higher recurrence risk compared to those with <2 metastatic groin nodes (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, positive groin nodes and margin distance were important prognostic factors for recurrence. Moreover, stage, @entity5 size, margin distance, and depth of invasion were significant independent predictors for disease-specific survival. The median follow-up was 58 months (range: 2-188). CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic margin distance is an important predictor of local vulvar recurrence. Our data suggest that a > or =8-mm pathologic margin clearance leads to a high rate of loco-regional control.

title: Margin distance and other clinico-pathologic prognostic factors in XXXX : a multivariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell vulvar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['vulvar carcinoma']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: Acute @entity385 remains one of the most devastating diseases when it comes to morbidity and mortality, not to mention the personal and economic burden that occurs in long-term. Intravenous thrombolysis with @entity1456 (tPA) is the only effective acute @entity64 therapy that improves outcome if given up to 4.5  hours from symptom onset. However, recanalization rates are meager and the majority of treated @entity1 still have @entity717 after @entity64 , emphasizing the need for further treatment options that may facilitate or even rival the only approved therapy. Sonothrombolysis, the adjuvant continuous ultrasound sonication of an intra-arterial occlusive thrombus during thrombolysis, enhances the clot-dissolving capabilities of intravenous @entity865 presumably by delivering acoustic pressure to the target brain vessel. Higher recanalization rates produce a trend towards better functional outcomes that could be safely achieved with the combination of high-frequency ultrasound and intravenous tPA. However, data on ultrasound targeting of intracranial proximal occlusive lesions other than those in the middle cerebral arteries are sparse. Moreover, recent sonothrombolysis trials were exclusively conducted with operator-dependent hand-held technology hindering its further testing in clinical sonothrombolysis trials. An operator-independent 2-MHz transcranial Doppler device has been developed allowing health care professionals not formally trained in ultrasound apparatus to provide therapeutic ultrasound as needed. Currently, this operator-independent device covering 12 proximal intracranial segments that most commonly contain @entity432 enters testing in a pivotal multicenter sonothrombolysis efficacy trial. If this trial demonstrates safety and efficacy, adjuvants, such as gaseous microbubbles that further potentiate the thrombolytic effect of intravenous tPA, could be tested along with this device.

title: Sonothrombolysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic occlusions']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['residual disability']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Several anti-angiogenic drugs have recently been clinically tested for haematological @entity5 . To improve the efficacy of molecular target therapy against angiogenic molecules in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), we examined the dependency of @entity3052 cells on the @entity7 ( @entity7 )/ @entity7 receptor type2 ( @entity319 ) system by using @entity319 kinase inhibitor. Nineteen @entity1 @entity3052 samples were cultured with or without @entity319 kinase inhibitor. All four t(8;21) viable @entity3052 cells showed significant reductions when treated with @entity319 kinase inhibitor, although @entity319 kinase inhibitor did not affect the cell proliferation of five t(15;17) @entity3052 samples. Other @entity3052 cases showed variable responses. @entity319 kinase inhibitor greatly suppressed the growth of @entity1 , a t(8;21) cell line in a dose-dependent manner through induction of apoptosis, but did not show any significant influence on @entity1 , a t(15;17) cell line. In addition, @entity319 kinase inhibitor potentiated the growth inhibitory effect of @entity2592 in Kasumi-1. Finally, it was shown that the @entity584 phosphorylation was augmented by @entity7 (165) in Kasumi-1, which was abrogated by @entity319 kinase inhibitor. NB4 showed undetectable @entity584 phosphorylation even with @entity7 (165). These data demonstrated that t(8;21) @entity3052 cells are dependent on @entity7 through @entity319 , resulting in the phosphorylation of @entity584 .

title: t(8;21) XXXX cells are dependent on @entity7 ( @entity7 )/ @entity7 receptor type2 pathway and phosphorylation of @entity584 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Yiqi Pingchuan Granule in treating @entity697 due to qi @entity5506 . METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 80 @entity1 with an @entity697 were included. They were allocated into two groups randomly in a ratio of three to one. Sixty @entity1 in the treatment group received Yiqi Pingchuan Granule and 20 @entity1 in the control group received Ruyi Dingchuan Pill. @entity1 in both groups were treated for 7 days. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, clinical symptoms and lung function between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second was increased in the treatment group (P<0.05), and the peak expiratory flow was accelerated in the control group (P<0.05). No significant side effects were noted in both groups. CONCLUSION: Yiqi Pingchuan Granule is safe and effective in treating @entity697 due to qi @entity5506 .

title: [A randomized controlled trial of Yiqi Pingchuan Granule in treating acute attack of bronchial spasm due to asthma of qi XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency and cold syndrome']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute attack of asthma']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['deficiency and cold syndrome']


abstract: Antecubital venous plasma neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity ( @entity7766 -LI) and @entity2661 were analyzed in six healthy volunteers performing a graded bicycle exercise without medication and after acute administration of @entity1338 , @entity5521 , and @entity594 . During the control exercise, plasma @entity1063 (NA), @entity1425 (A), and @entity7766 -LI increased to 17-, 7-, and 3-fold the resting values, respectively, at a maximal workload. @entity1338 (300 micrograms p.o.) reduced resting and exercising @entity551 (SBP). Plasma NA at rest decreased and NA, A, and @entity7766 -LI were 40-60% lower during the exercise after @entity1338 compared to the control. @entity5521 (0.07 mg X kg-1 every 10 min i.v.) and @entity594 (20 mg p.o.) increased HR and reduced SBP during the exercise. Plasma NA at rest was elevated threefold and the exercise-induced increases in NA and A were also enhanced after @entity5521 . Plasma @entity7766 -LI at rest was unchanged by @entity5521 , while it was increased five-fold, as compared to the control, at the highest workload. @entity594 slightly enhanced plasma NA and @entity7766 -LI but not A during exercise. It is suggested that @entity7766 is released mainly at high levels of sympathetic activity and that blood-pressure-lowering drugs acting on alpha adrenoceptors acutely influence the release of both NA and @entity7766 -LI from sympathetic nerves in @entity1 .

title: Alpha-adrenoceptor influence on plasma levels of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity and @entity2661 during rest and sympathoadrenal activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine', 'Phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Eighteen months of daily consumption of milk containing 250 mg @entity460 prevented @entity79 ( @entity79 ) loss at the hip and the femoral neck in postmenopausal Chinese @entity1 aged 45 to 65. INTRODUCTION: @entity172 -related @entity604 in postmenopausal @entity1 can be prevented by the consumption of milk with high doses of @entity460 and soymilk with high doses of @entity6400 . However, high doses of @entity460 and @entity6400 may not be necessary to attain a beneficial effect of milk and soymilk on @entity79 . We hypothesized that @entity79 will increase in postmenopausal Chinese @entity1 who consume daily 250 mg @entity460 in milk or soymilk. Milk prevented @entity604 at the hip and the femoral neck in postmenopausal Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 141 eligible Chinese @entity1 without @entity170 , aged 45-65, and postmenopausal for more than 2 years were randomized into groups receiving for 18 months (A) milk with 250 mg @entity460 daily, (B) soymilk with 250 mg @entity460 daily, or (C) neither milk nor soymilk. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured the @entity79 of the spine and hip at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months. RESULTS: The @entity79 in the hip (2.52%) and the femoral neck (2.82%) of the @entity1 consuming milk was significantly higher (hip, P = 0.01; femoral neck, P < 0.0000001). The @entity1 in the control group experienced a reduction in @entity79 at all sites; the reduction in @entity79 was only significant at the hip during 12 months (P = 0.008) and at the femoral neck during 18 months (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Daily consumption of milk containing 250 mg @entity460 over 18 months prevents @entity604 at the hip and the femoral neck in postmenopausal Chinese @entity1 .

title: Bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese XXXX treated with @entity460 fortification in soymilk and cow's milk.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss', 'BMD loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The popularity of continuous @entity1720 (CSII), as a way for achieving long term strict glycaemic control in @entity6 @entity1 , has increased over the last ten years. Most reports on technical faults, often leading to metabolic emergencies, mainly @entity1270 , have been published in the 1980s. Obstruction of infusion set and infection of infusion site are the most frequent events. Insulin precipitation or aggregation is thought to be one of the precipitating factors. Few data are available about failures of the pump itself. We report our experience of pump malfunctions recorded between 2001 and 2004 in 376 pumps used by @entity1 treated with CSII therapy in Brittany. Recent studies indicate a decrease of metabolic complication frequency during CSII. This suggests technical improvements and/or a greater experience of physicians in selecting and educating @entity1 . We report instructions for monitoring insulin pump therapy that should be included in a formal educational program for pump users. Clinical studies using newly available devices should reassess technical risks associated with CSII.

title: Technical risks with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous insulin infusion']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity1720 :: (MESH:D007333,Disease) :: ['subcutaneous insulin infusion']


abstract: T helper cells have recently been divided into two subsets. The @entity630 subset secretes and responds to @entity2047 in an autocrine manner. The @entity61 subset upon mitogen or antigen stimulation releases @entity58 . Here we describe a novel technology that allowed us to confirm this distinction. We have used synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to the 5' end of @entity19 @entity2047 and @entity58 to specifically block the biosynthesis of @entity2047 or @entity58 in two @entity19 helper T cell clones from the @entity630 or @entity61 subset. We show that the antisense @entity2047 oligonucleotide inhibited the proliferation of the @entity630 clone and had no effect on the @entity61 clone. In parallel experiments, the antisense @entity58 oligonucleotide blocked the proliferation of the @entity61 clone and not the proliferation of the @entity630 clone. The inhibition was significantly reversed in both cases by the addition of the relevant lymphokine ( @entity2047 in the case of the @entity630 clone, @entity58 in the case of the @entity61 clone). Northern analysis, using cDNA probes specific for the two lymphokines, showed a decrease in the steady-state level of the relevant lymphokine mRNA, suggesting the specific degradation of the mRNA by an RNase H-like enzymatic activity. This strategy, which allows the specific blockade of the biosynthesis of a lymphokine, could be useful for future studies on the role of each T helper subset in physiological immune responses.

title: Specific inhibition of lymphokine biosynthesis and autocrine growth using antisense oligonucleotides in @entity630 and XXXX helper T cell clones.

answer: @entity61 :: (15111(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study examined the in-vivo effect of the NSAID @entity12698 on DNA methylation in the promoter region of the @entity10622 genes @entity20197 , tissue factor pathway inhibitor 12, and @entity36459 , and on apoptosis, in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). Forty-five @entity1 who underwent an esophagectomy for @entity1721 were allocated to either a treatment group (n=22) or a control group (n=23). @entity1 in the treatment group were administered 800   mg/day of @entity12698 for 14 days before surgery. @entity1 in the control group did not take any type of NSAID. @entity5 were collected before surgery and tissue from the resection specimens after surgery. Methylation-specific PCR was used to measure DNA methylation and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. There was no difference in the proportion of @entity1 with methylation for each of the genes between the @entity1 groups before treatment. In those @entity1 with pretreatment methylation, there was a significant reduction in the proportion with methylation and a significant increase in the corresponding messenger RNA expression after treatment with @entity12698 . In those tissues in which there was a reduction in methylation following @entity12698 treatment, there was a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, but not in the tissues with no change in methylation. In @entity1721 , in-vivo treatment with @entity12698 is associated with a reduction in DNA methylation and increase in messenger RNA expression of @entity10622 genes, and increases in apoptosis.

title: The effect of @entity12698 on DNA methylation of XXXX , TFPI2, and @entity36459 in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Biopsies of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity36459 :: ('11167', 'Gene') :: ['follistatin-like protein 1']

answer: @entity20197 :: (1012,Gene) :: ['CDH13']


abstract: In this study the long term effects of vasectomy on serum lipid profile, in vitro @entity1423 and the risk of developing acute @entity583 have been elucidated in a monkey model. Four groups were made viz. (I) atherogenic diet fed vasectomised, (II) atherogenic diet fed control, (III) stock diet fed vasectomised and (IV) stock diet fed control. The respective diets were fed for first 6 months and then half of the atherogenic and stock diet fed monkeys were bilaterally vasectomised. The remaining monkeys were sham-vasectomised. At the end of one year, @entity1063 infusion was given to all the monkeys each day for 2 hrs, for 3 consecutive days and animals sacrificed after 96 hrs. Although serum lipids were not altered following vasectomy, @entity1423 response was significantly enhanced in atherogenic diet fed animals. ECG changes were suggestive of @entity296 in 4 monkeys, 2 each from gp. I and II. Histopathology of heart revealed @entity296 and @entity548 only in one monkey of gp. I, while others had fuchsinorrhagia indicating ischaemic change. These findings are in contrast to those seen in vasectomised @entity1 subjects.

title: Effect of vasectomy on serum lipids, XXXX and development of ischaemic heart disease in rhesus monkeys.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['patchy myocardial necrosis', 'acute myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'platelet aggregability']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregability']


abstract: Follow-up studies on 3,195 @entity1 from 161 centers in Japan undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were performed for 1-104 months to clarify the incidence as well as the clinical features of acute @entity37520 . In these studies, 50 @entity1 (1.6%) developed this complication. Twenty-seven (54%) were @entity1 , and 23 (46%) were @entity1 , ranging in age from 6 to 79 (average 49) years. The interval between onset of CAPD and @entity37520 ranged from 1 day to 8 years. Four had left-sided, and 2 had bilateral @entity37520 , but the majority (88%) were right-sided. @entity1353 was experienced by 37 of these 50 @entity1 , but the remaining 13 (26%) @entity1 were asymptomatic. Hydrothorax was fully resolved in 27 of them following a brief interruption of CAPD or the combined use of small exchange volumes in a semi-sitting position and pleurodesis with @entity803 or other agents. The remaining 23 @entity1 (46%) were switched to hemodialysis permanently. Despite recurrence, 1 @entity1 continued successfully on CAPD. It was concluded that acute @entity37520 is one important possible complication, although the risk may be low. Constant surveillance is necessary to detect @entity1143 in @entity1 during CAPD.

title: Acute XXXX in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis--a collaborative study of 161 centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity37520 :: ('MESH:D006876', 'Disease') :: ['hydrothorax']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity37520 :: (MESH:D006876,Disease) :: ['hydrothorax']


abstract: Spreading intra-abdominally, @entity43 reaches the upper abdomen relatively quickly. @entity3 result from the implantation of cells from the primary @entity5 or, perhaps, may arise de novo from the peritoneal epithelium. The @entity5 also spreads via the lymphatics directly to the pelvic nodes, directly to the para-aortic nodes, or directly to both. Pelvic nodes were positive in 57.9% of @entity1 of all stages. The highest incidence, 70.4%, was found in Stage III. The percentage of positive para-aortic nodes was lower, namely 50.9% overall incidence and 67.6% in Stage III. Concerning the concomitant involvement of pelvic and para-aortic nodes, 40.4% of @entity1 with positive pelvic nodes also had positive para-aortic nodes. Of @entity1 with negative pelvic nodes, 36.8% also had negative para-aortic nodes. Of all @entity1 , 12.3% had positive pelvic nodes and negative para-aortic nodes. Conversely, 10.5% of all @entity1 had positive para-aortic nodes and negative pelvic nodes. There is a significant association between the involvement of the diaphragm and that of the pelvic and para-aortic nodes. Of those @entity1 with @entity5 deposits on the diaphragm, 84.4% also had positive retroperitoneal nodes. Conversely, 55.9% of @entity1 with positive nodes also had @entity5 deposits on the diaphragm. This means that @entity43 spreads almost simultaneously in two ways: intra-abdominally and retroperitoneally. Surgical treatment must address both modes.

title: The spread of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP) is the predominant technique in surgical treatment of morbid @entity28 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the results of LGBP and measure the validity of some hypothetical variables as predictors of these outcomes. METHODS: We carried out a historical cohort study which included 50 morbidly @entity28 @entity1 operated with LGBP. The results were assessed by the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS), which measures the following parameters: the percentage of excess @entity353 (EWL), changes in co-morbidities, quality of life and complications. The independent variables were age, body mass index (BMI), sex, history of @entity308 and presence of more than one @entity65 factor (CVRF). RESULTS: Following LGBP, 11% of the results was classified as excellent, 54% as very good, 25% as good and 9% as fair (median follow-up period: 17 months, 7-37). The best scores were found among younger @entity1 . The EWL (mean: 55.4    16.6%) was higher in @entity1 with lower BMI and with no more than one @entity65 factor. We obtained rates of resolution of CVRF of 43.7 to 68.7%, complication rates < 10% and improvement of quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that, following LGBP in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 , when EWL, improvement in comorbidities and quality of life as well as complications are jointly assessed, the best results are obtained in younger @entity1 .

title: Preoperative determinants of outcomes of laparoscopic gastric bypass in the treatment of morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14725 ( @entity14725 ) is a @entity395 characterized by @entity261 , growth and @entity245 , and @entity4238 . The purpose of this report is to describe the ophthalmic manifestations of @entity14725 ( @entity14725 ; @entity1032 , @entity14725 ) ( @entity19277 241410). @entity1 : We included a total of 17 @entity1 who were seen at two hospitals in Riyadh. METHODS: Each @entity1 underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation including visual acuity assessment, orthoptic workup, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurement, cycloplegic retinoscopy, funduscopy, corneal diameter, and axial length measurement. RESULTS: All 17 (100%) of the @entity1 had normal visual acuity. All @entity1 had @entity4353 with normal intraocular pressure. Eight (47%) of the @entity1 had @entity5971 and four (23%) had @entity5770 . Ophthalmoscopy revealed tortuous retinal blood vessels in all @entity1 . Hyperopic @entity940 was present in 16 (94%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity14725 display a variety of ocular findings including errors of refraction, strabismus, and @entity989 .

title: Ophthalmic manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism-mental retardation-dysmorphism syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular tortuousity']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity14725 :: ('MESH:C537157', 'Disease') :: ['SSS', 'Sanjad-Sakati syndrome', 'HRD']

answer: @entity14725 :: (MESH:C537157,Disease) :: ['Sanjad-Sakati syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1010 is a proposed marker of disease progression in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Many magnetic resonance imaging-based methods of @entity194 quantification exist, but their relative sensitivity and precision is unclear. Our aim was to compare @entity194 rates from the brain boundary shift integral (BBSI), structural image evaluation, using normalization of @entity194 (SIENA) (both registration-based methods) and segmented brain volume difference, in @entity1 with @entity922 ( @entity922 ), @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ), and controls. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity922 @entity1 , 30 with early @entity3780 and 16 controls had T1-weighted volumetric imaging at baseline and 1 year. @entity1010 rates were determined using segmented brain volume difference, BBSI, and SIENA. RESULTS: BBSI and SIENA were more precise than subtraction of segmented brain volumes and were more sensitive distinguishing @entity3780 subjects from controls. A strong correlation was observed between BBSI and SIENA. Atrophy rates were greater in @entity922 and @entity3780 subjects than controls ( @entity3780 P < .001). With all methods, significantly greater @entity194 rates were observed in @entity922 @entity1 who developed clinically definite @entity15 relative to subjects who did not. CONCLUSION: Registration-based techniques are more precise and sensitive than segmentation-based methods in measuring @entity1010 , with BBSI and SIENA providing comparable results.

title: @entity194 measurement in @entity922 and relapsing remitting XXXX : a comparison of registration-based methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy', 'Brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndromes', 'CIS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Overexpression of chromosomal resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type efflux systems with broad substrate specificity contributes to multidrug resistance (MDR) in @entity3064 We have shown that modulation of expression of the structural genes for the efflux systems AdeABC and AdeIJK confers MDR and results in numerous alterations of membrane-associated cellular functions, in particular biofilm formation. However, the contribution of these RND pumps to cell fitness and virulence has not yet been studied. The biological cost of an antibiotic resistance mechanism is a key parameter in determining its stability and dissemination. From an entirely sequenced susceptible clinical isolate, we have generated a set of isogenic derivatives having single point mutations resulting in overexpression of each efflux system or with every pump deleted by allelic replacement. We found that overproduction of the pumps results in a significant decrease in fitness of the bacterial host when measured by competition experiments in vitro Fitness and virulence were also evaluated in vivo both in systemic and @entity358 models in immunocompetent @entity19 . A diminished competitiveness of the AdeABC-overexpressing mutant was observed only after intraperitoneal inoculation, but not after intranasal inoculation, the latter mimicking the most frequent type of @entity1 A.  @entity281 . However, in @entity19 infected intranasally, this mutant was more virulent and stimulated an enhanced neutrophil activation in the lungs. Altogether, these data account for the observation that adeABC overexpression is common in MDR A.  baumannii frequently found in ventilator-associated @entity55 . IMPORTANCE: Overproduction of the RND AdeABC efflux system is observed with a high incidence in multidrug-resistant @entity3064 and results in increased resistance to several antibiotics of choice for the treatment of @entity281 caused by this nosocomial pathogen. It was therefore important to study the biological cost of the overexpression of the adeABC structural operon which is normally tightly regulated. Fitness diminution of an overexpressing mutant detected in vitro and in vivo in a model that mimics sepsis was not observed in a @entity358 model in which the mutant was more virulent. This points out that increased virulence can occur independently from prolonged persistence in the infected organ and can account for the elevated incidence of this resistance mechanism in clinical isolates. The study also indicates that transposon libraries will identify only virulence genes that are expressed under physiological conditions but not those that are tightly regulated.

title: Contribution of the Ade Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division-Type Efflux Pumps to Fitness and Pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'baumannii infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Of the approximately 2.4 million American @entity1 with a history of @entity0 , 43% are aged >=  65 years and are at risk for developing subsequent @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 from 6 geographically diverse sites included 5-year @entity0 survivors (N = 1361) who were diagnosed between 1990 and 1994 at age >=  65 years with @entity34 and a comparison group of @entity1 without @entity0 (N = 1361). @entity1 in the comparison group were age-matched and site-matched to @entity0 survivors on the date of @entity0 . Follow-up began 5 years after the index date (survivor diagnosis date or comparison enrollment date) until @entity204 , disenrollment, or through 15 years after the index date. Data were collected from medical records and electronic sources ( @entity5 registry, administrative, clinical, National Death Index). Analyses included descriptive statistics, crude incidence rates, and @entity797 proportional hazards regression models for estimating the risk of incident @entity5 and were adjusted for @entity204 as a competing risk. RESULTS: Survivors and @entity1 in the comparison group were similar: >82% were white, 55% had a Charlson Comorbidity Index of 0, and >=  73% had a body mass index  <= 30 kg/m(2) . Of all 306 @entity1 (N = 160 in the survivor group, N = 146 in the comparison group) who developed a first incident @entity5 during follow-up, the mean time to @entity5 was similar (4.37    2.81 years vs 4.03    2.76 years, respectively; P = .28), whereas unadjusted incidence rates were slightly higher in survivors (1882 vs 1620 per 100,000 @entity1 years). The adjusted hazard of developing a first incident @entity5 was slightly elevated in survivors in relation to @entity1 in the comparison group, but it was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.47). CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity1 who survived 5 years after an early stage @entity0 were not at an elevated risk for developing subsequent incident @entity5 up to 15 years after their @entity0 .

title: Incident @entity5 among older long-term @entity0 survivors and an age-matched and site-matched nonbreast XXXX comparison group over 10 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage I or II disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Oestrus ovis is an agent of a naso-sinusal @entity4057 of @entity742 and @entity1237 . This infestation is very frequent and induces clinical signs of @entity2490 and @entity1244 which are sometimes severe. The pathogenic role of this parasite has been explained until now exclusively because of its size, hooks and spines. Some recent studies indicate the involvement of local @entity56 with recruitment of numerous mast cells and eosinophils. Histological nasal mucosal tissue section examination from both @entity742 and @entity1237 showed the presence in considerable numbers of eosinophils and mast cells in @entity742 receiving single doses of artificial @entity281 were twice as many as the number in control group. In animals subjected to multiple artificial @entity281 the serous mast cell population increased 11-folds and that of mucous mast cells by 5-7 folds when compared with non-infected control groups. Similarly, the eosinophil counts were 17, 29 and 58 times greater in nasal septum, turbinates and sinus in infected groups than their control counter mates. The findings hence suggest that single @entity281 is apparently tolerated by the host while massive cellular recruitment characterizes the cellular responses vis    vis multiple exposure. These reactive cells are localized mainly in the chorion layer just beneath the epithelium with only very few cells in the sub-mucosa level. It is, therefore, presumed that these cells are responsible in limiting parasite (larval) populations and in sustaining the @entity56 phenomenon at the site of tissue insult during @entity281 . In naturally infected @entity742 the mean number of mast cells is only twice that present in parasite free animals. This result is remarkably different from that obtained in repeated @entity281 , probably associated to the difference in cellular response between adult @entity742 and @entity742 . It may also possibly explained as resulting from the @entity465 induced by parasite antigens. @entity1 beings may be accidently infected. Larvae are deposited by adult flies into conjunctival sacs. Clinical signs of this zoonosis indicate that the pathophysiological processus are different than in animals. Examination of such cases did not confirm the existence of an accompanying @entity56 in the process.

title: [Comparative physiopathology of Oestrus ovis (Linne 1761) @entity4057 in XXXX and animals].

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'artificial infections']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Stem/progenitor cells are present in @entity1 and rodent endometrium and have a key role in endometrial regeneration in normal cycling and after parturition. We review emerging evidence of multiple types of endometrial stem/progenitor cells, and that abnormalities in their location and function may contribute to @entity46 . RECENT FINDINGS: Candidate @entity1 endometrial stem/progenitors have been identified as clonogenic, Side Population and possessing tissue reconstitution activity. Markers have been identified for @entity1 endometrial mesenchymal stem cells, showing their perivascular location in functionalis and basalis endometrium. @entity1 embryonic stem cells can be induced to develop endometrial epithelium, recapitulating endometrial development. In rodent studies, endometrial stem/progenitor cells were identified as label-retaining cells and their role in endometrial repair and regeneration revealed, perhaps via mesenchymal to epithelial transition. Studies of Wnt signalling in the regulation of endometrial stem/progenitor cells may yield insights into their function in endometrial regeneration. Stem/progenitor cells can be isolated from endometrial biopsy or menstrual blood and may be used autologously to regenerate endometrium in @entity5862 . SUMMARY: There is much to be learnt about endometrial stem/progenitor cell biology and their role in @entity46 . Endometrial stem/progenitor cells hold great promise for new treatments for @entity249 associated disorders, including thin dysfunctional endometrium and @entity5862 .

title: Regenerating endometrium from stem/progenitor cells: is it abnormal in @entity46 , XXXX and @entity249 ?

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ["Asherman's syndrome"]

answer: @entity5862 :: (MESH:D006175,Disease) :: ['Asherman's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8958 proto-oncogene mutations are associated with @entity259 usually requiring preventive thyroidectomy in gene carriers. We present a large kindred with the @entity38044 mutation in the @entity8958 proto-oncogene that did not have @entity259 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eight members of a Danish family with the @entity38044 mutation participated. All gene carriers underwent pentagastrin testing, and measurements of serum calcitonin. In the index @entity1 , exons 10, 11, and 13-16 of the @entity8958 proto-oncogene were screened. In the rest of the individuals only exon 13 was analysed. Mutation analysis was done by direct bidirectional sequencing of PCR products on an ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). RESULTS: The index @entity1 was screened genetically due to goitre at a young age. A total of 27 members of the family underwent genetic testing. Twelve (44.4%, 95% CI: 25.5%-64.7%) had the mutation (age range 13-84 years). None of these had abnormal pentagastrin tests (0%, 95% CI: 0%-26.5%). We found no significant differences in basal serum calcitonin concentrations between gene carriers (mean +/- SD: 0.16 +/- 0.54 pmol/l, n = 11) and non-gene carriers (0.55 +/- 0.86 pmol/l, n = 6, 2 P = 0.29). None showed signs of @entity459 or phaeochromocytoma. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity38044 @entity8958 proto-oncogene mutation may have a low penetrance. In selected cases, prophylactic thyroidectomy may be replaced by watchful waiting with repeated pentagastrin testing, provided careful evaluation of risks and benefits is performed.

title: Codon XXXX mutations in a large kindred: is prophylactic thyroidectomy always indicated?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity38044 :: (p|SUB|Y|791|F,ProteinMutation) :: ['Y791F']


abstract: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is a currently incurable @entity179 that affects the aging population. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is one of the pathological features of @entity191 . The precise causes of @entity191 remain unresolved but evidence supports both environmental and genetic contributions. Current efforts for the treatment of @entity191 are directed toward the discovery of compounds that show promise in impeding age-dependent @entity179 in @entity191 @entity1 . @entity8095 (a- @entity15735 ) is a @entity1 protein that is mutated in specific populations of @entity1 with @entity191 . Overexpression of a- @entity15735 in animal models of @entity191 replicates key symptoms of @entity191 , including @entity179 . Here, we use the @entity2199 @entity2199 as a model system, whereby a- @entity15735 @entity137 causes dopaminergic @entity179 , to test the capacity of @entity1092 (VA) to protect neurons. The results of our study showed that treatment of @entity2199 with moderate concentrations of VA significantly protects dopaminergic neurons against a- @entity15735 @entity137 . Consistent with previously established knowledge related to the mechanistic action of VA in the cell, we showed through genetic analysis that the neuroprotection conferred by VA is inhibited by cell-specific depletion of the @entity2199 ortholog of the MAP extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), @entity40591 , in the dopaminergic neurons. These findings suggest that VA may exert its neuroprotective effect via ERK-MAPK, or alternately could act with MAPK signaling to additively provide dopaminergic neuroprotection.

title: XXXX ameliorates @entity2199 dopaminergic @entity179 with implications for ERK-MAPK signaling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['familial PD', "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disorder']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['Valproic acid']


abstract: Three endothelial cysts and five @entity548 ( @entity9007 ) arose in the adrenal glands of seven @entity1 aged 23-73 years. Four @entity1 were male and three were female. Five were symptomatic and gave @entity490 as their chief complaint. Endothelial cysts were collapsed or filled with serous fluid, multiloculated, had an endothelial lining, and often contained adrenal cortex in their outer walls. The endothelial lining reacted only weakly for Factor VIII-related antigen (FVII-RAg), but it stained strongly for collagen type IV (C-IV). The lack of @entity548 and the FVIII-RAg/C-IV staining pattern in endothelial cysts suggest lymphatic differentiation. @entity548 were spherical, firm masses containing clotted blood and hyalinized @entity715 with attenuated adrenal cortex in the outer fibrous wall. Islands of intact cortical cells were present deep within the thrombi of four @entity548 . Three of five @entity548 stained strongly for FVIII-RAg and C-IV in irregular vascular channels of the attenuated cortex and within the cyst contents. These channels suggest that at least some @entity548 arise when @entity548 occurs in a preexisting @entity1503 . Entrapment of cortical islands by extravasated blood in @entity548 may be misdiagnosed as necrotic cortical @entity5 . To avoid @entity911 , one must recognize the normality of the entrapped cortical cells, identify an @entity455 , and distinguish @entity715 from @entity5 .

title: Vascular adrenal cysts. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of endothelial and hemorrhagic ( XXXX ) variants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cysts', 'hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhagic cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pseudocystic']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the accuracy of renal biopsy in predicting histological subtype and final Fuhrman nuclear grade in small (4 cm or smaller) @entity703 , and evaluated the concordance between renal biopsy and surgery for these 2 criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 187 percutaneous needle biopsies of small @entity703 , guided by computerized tomography with gauge needles and a coaxial technique, were consecutively performed between 2006 and 2011. @entity1358 was diagnosed in 132 @entity5 . Partial or radical nephrectomy was performed for 61 of these @entity189 . Preoperative biopsy results for the operative specimens were compared with respect to histological subtype and Fuhrman nuclear grade. In addition, Kappa values were calculated as a measure of agreement between biopsy and surgical specimens, with correction for chance agreement to evaluate the concordance between biopsy and surgical classification for these criteria. RESULTS: Biopsy accuracy and the concordance between biopsy and surgery were excellent for determining histological subtype. The biopsy correctly identified the grade in 75% of cases, and in 93% when pooling @entity1358 in low (1 or 2) and high (3 or 4) grade cases. The agreement between biopsy and surgery for Fuhrman nuclear grade was moderate (Kappa = 0.52) and substantial (Kappa = 0.71) when pooling low and high grade @entity189 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although the concordance between grading on biopsy and with surgical specimens was moderate, likely because of the reproducibility of the grading system, the accuracy of biopsy for differentiating high and low grade small @entity703 was high, which may greatly impact decision making in cases of small @entity703 .

title: Can renal biopsy accurately predict histological subtype and Fuhrman grade of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'renal cancers', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: RATIONALE: Maternal behavior in @entity35 requires a network of brain structures including the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis ( @entity44513 ) and medial preoptic area (mPOA). Neurotransmitter systems in the @entity44513 and mPOA influencing @entity146 are not well understood, although @entity1063 is an excellent candidate because the @entity44513 contains the densest noradrenergic fiber plexus in the forebrain and @entity1063 in the mPOA is known to influence other female reproductive functions. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that downregulated noradrenergic activity in the @entity44513 and mPOA is necessary for mothering. METHODS: Postpartum mother-litter interactions were observed after @entity44513 infusion of @entity3160 (an a2 autoreceptor antagonist that increases @entity1063 release), and after @entity44513 or mPOA infusion of the more selective a2 autoreceptor antagonist @entity9006 . Lastly, noradrenergic input to the @entity44513 /mPOA was selectively lesioned in nulliparous rats with anti-DBH-saporin to determine if this would facilitate mothering. RESULTS: @entity44513 @entity3160 almost abolished retrieval of pups but did not significantly affect dams' ability to initiate contact, lick, or nurse them. @entity44513 idazoxan disrupted retrieval somewhat less than @entity3160 , but significantly reduced nursing. mPOA idazoxan impaired retrieval more severely than that found after BSTv infusion. Anti-DBH-saporin almost eliminated noradrenergic terminals in the @entity44513 and reduced them by over 60% in the mPOA, but did not promote maternal responding. It also did not affect females' anxiety-related behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Downregulated noradrenergic activity in the @entity44513 and mPOA is necessary for postpartum maternal behavior in @entity35 , but eliminating this system alone is insufficient to promote @entity146 in nulliparous females.

title: Effects of noradrenergic alpha-2 receptor antagonism or noradrenergic lesions in the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial preoptic area on maternal care in female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['maternal behaviors']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['laboratory rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study reports the findings in a large series of @entity1 with acute @entity3225 after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) in two eye hospitals. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for @entity1 who presented with @entity15 in one or two eyes following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab from two separate batches in two eye hospitals. RESULTS: Twenty-eight eyes of 21 @entity1 presented with @entity697 12-48 hours after IVB injection. Cultures from the eyes and the vials were positive for @entity526 and Citrobacter, each in one of the hospitals. All @entity1 were initially treated with topical, intravitreal, and systemic antibiotics. Twenty-four eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.27        0.89 logMAR before IVB injecti,on which decreased to 2.80        0.45 LogMAR after presentation of @entity3225 and 2.12        0.97 logMAR three months after IVB injection. Final visual acuity was found to be no light perception in four eyes. CONCLUSIONS: This large outbreak of @entity526 and @entity3225 occurred after intravitreal injection of counterfeit bevacizumab. Visual outcomes were very poor.

title: A Large Outbreak of Fulminant XXXX after Intravitreal Injection of Counterfeit Bevacizumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endophthalmitis', 'endophthalmitis', 'Citrobacter endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['acute fulminant endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['Bacterial Endophthalmitis']


abstract: In previous studies, the relaxant effect of @entity6248 has been demonstrated on @entity840 tracheal chains. Therefore, in the present study, the relaxant effects of @entity1045 , @entity1044 , @entity1042 and aqueous fractions of @entity6248 on tracheal chains of @entity840 were examined. The relaxant effects of four cumulative concentrations of each fraction (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 g%) in comparison to saline as negative control and four cumulative concentrations of @entity2544 (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mM) were examined for their relaxant effects on precontracted tracheal chains of @entity840 by 60 mM @entity4338 (group 1) and 10      @entity2710 (group 2, n = 7 for each group). In group 1, all concentrations of the @entity1045 fraction and @entity2544 and three last concentrations (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 g%) of @entity1044 and two higher concentrations (1.2 and 1.6 g%) of @entity1042 fractions showed significant relaxant effects compared to that of saline (p<0.05 to p<0.001). In group 2, all concentrations of @entity2544 , @entity1045 and @entity1044 fractions and three concentrations (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 g%) of @entity1042 and two higher concentrations (1.2 and 1.6 g%) of aqueous fractions showed significant relaxant effects compared to that of saline (p<0.05 to p<0.001). In addition, with group 1, the relaxant effect of all concentrations of all fractions except the @entity1045 fraction, were significantly less than those of @entity2544 (p<0.05 to p<0.001). The @entity1045 fraction showed higher relaxant effect than @entity2544 . The relaxant effect of all concentrations of the @entity1045 fraction and the three last concentrations (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 g%) of @entity1044 and aqueous fractions were significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1 (p<0.05 to p<0.001). There were significant positive correlations between the relaxant effects and concentrations for @entity2544 and all fractions (except aqueous fraction in group 1) in both groups, but a negative correlation for the aqueous fraction in group 1 (p<0.05 to p<0.001). These results showed a potent relaxant effect for @entity1045 and weaker relaxant effect for other fractions from @entity6248 on tracheal chains of @entity840 .

title: Relaxant effects of different fractions from XXXX on @entity840 tracheal chains.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity6248 :: ('MESH:D016112', 'Disease') :: ['Tymus vulgaris']

answer: @entity6248 :: (MESH:D016112,Disease) :: ['Tymus vulgaris']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to track fluorophore-labeled, @entity5 -targeted natural killer (NK) cells to @entity1 @entity263 xenografts with @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ). @entity1 - @entity10390 (MOC31)-zeta cells targeted to the @entity5960 ( @entity5960 ) antigen on @entity263 cells and nontargeted @entity1 parental cells were labeled with the near-infrared dye DiD ( @entity38558 ). The fluorescence, viability, and @entity137 of the labeled cells were evaluated. Subsequently, 12 athymic @entity35 with @entity263 xenografts underwent @entity1781 scans before and up to 24 hours postinjection of DiD-labeled parental @entity1 cells or @entity1 - @entity10390 (MOC31)-zeta cells. The @entity5 fluorescence intensity was measured and compared between pre- and postinjection scans and between both groups using t-tests. @entity1781 data were confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. In vitro studies demonstrated a significant increase in the fluorescence of labeled cells compared with unlabeled controls, which persisted over a period of 24 hours without any significant change in the viability. In vivo studies demonstrated a significant increase in @entity5 fluorescence at 24 hours postinjection of @entity5 -targeted @entity1 - @entity10390 (MOC31)-zeta cells but not parental NK cells. Ex vivo @entity1781 scans and fluorescence microscopy confirmed a specific accumulation of @entity1 - @entity10390 (MOC31)-zeta cells but not parental NK cells in the @entity5 . Tumor-targeted @entity1 - @entity10390 (MOC31)-zeta cells could be tracked to @entity263 xenografts with @entity1781 .

title: Optical imaging of cellular immunotherapy against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5960 :: ('4072', 'Gene') :: ['epithelial cell adhesion molecule', 'EpCAM']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optical imaging', 'OI']

entities_list: @entity38558 :: ('MESH:C576569', 'Chemical') :: ["1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine"]

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been no previous prospective examination of the homogeneity of @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ) @entity1 in risk factors for non-adherent opioid use. OBJECTIVES: To identify whether latent risk classes exist among @entity1 with @entity1118 that predict non-adherence with prescribed opioids. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: The @entity158 and Opioids IN Treatment prospective cohort comprises 1,514 @entity1 in Australia prescribed pharmaceutical opioids for @entity1118 interviewed 3 months apart. Risk factors were assessed in @entity13830 , and non-adherent behaviors in the 3 months prior to @entity13830 and @entity13831 . Latent class analysis was used to examine groups with differing risk profiles. Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of non-adherence. RESULTS: A 4-class model was selected with classes described as: 1) Poor Physical Functioning group (27%); 2) Poor Coping/Physical Functioning group (35%); 3) Substance Use Problems group (14%); and 4) Multiple Comorbid Problems group (25%). The latter 2 groups had an increased risk of requesting increased opioid doses, early script renewals, using diverted medication, dose stock-piling, and unsanctioned dose alteration at @entity13831 . LIMITATIONS: Risk factor onset prior to non-adherent behavior cannot be determined. CONCLUSIONS: Clusters of @entity1118 @entity1 with distinct risk profiles for non-adherence exist. Each group was identified by at least one risk factor but the likelihood of non-adherent opioid use was higher in groups with particular clusters of multiple risk factors. Not all those with risk factors display non-adherence, emphasising the need for strategies to reduce risk for those @entity1 displaying particular clusters of risks.

title: A Typology of Predictive Risk Factors for Non-Adherent Medication-Related Behaviors among Chronic Non-Cancer @entity158 XXXX Prescribed Opioids: A Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic non-cancer pain', 'CNCP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although specialty care has been shown to improve short-term outcomes in @entity1 hospitalised with acute medical conditions, its effect on @entity1 with chronic conditions treated in the ambulatory care setting is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether specialty care (ie, consultative care provided by an endocrinologist or a general internist in concert with a @entity1 's primary care doctor) within the first year of diagnosis is associated with improved outcomes after the first year for adults with @entity6 treated as outpatients. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study using linked administrative data. SETTING: The province of Saskatchewan, Canada. SAMPLE: 24 232 adults newly diagnosed with @entity6 between 1991 and 2001. METHOD: The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Analyses used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates, propensity scores and case mix variables (demographic, disease severity and comorbidities). In addition, restriction analyses examined the effect of specialist care in low-risk subgroups. RESULTS: The median age of @entity1 was 61 years, and over a mean follow-up of 4.9 years 2932 (12%) died. @entity1 receiving specialty care were younger, had a greater burden of comorbidities, and visited doctors more often before and after their @entity6 diagnosis (all p< or =0.001). Compared with @entity1 seen by primary care doctors alone, @entity1 seen by specialists and primary care doctors were more likely to receive recommended treatments (all p< or =0.001), but were more likely to die (13.1% v 11.7%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 1.27). This association persisted even in @entity1 without comorbidities or target organ damage (adjusted HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.34). CONCLUSION: Specialty care was associated with better disease-specific process measures but not improved survival in adults with @entity6 cared for in ambulatory care settings.

title: The effect of specialist care within the first year on subsequent outcomes in 24,232 adults with new-onset XXXX : population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine, in @entity1 presenting with @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ), the relationship between the presence of @entity8 with the outcome of @entity1494 at 16 months of age. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group comprised 40 @entity1 (32 @entity1 ) presenting consecutively (29 after prenatal detection) with @entity3025 grade III or greater (bilateral in 29) on the initial micturating cystogram (median age 8 weeks). The initial presence of abnormal kidneys was determined from isotopic renography and/or ultrasonography. These data were correlated with the outcome of @entity3025 , from direct isotope cystography, and bladder function assessed by natural filling urodynamics, examined at age 16 months (mean 16.4 months, SD 2.1). RESULTS: Three groups were identified. Group 1 (eight @entity1 and six @entity1 ) had normal kidneys bilaterally; initially grade III @entity3025 was common. At 16 months bladder function was normal in 10 @entity1 and none had @entity3025 (complete resolution). Group 2 (14 @entity1 and two @entity1 ) had @entity8 ; initially @entity3025 was predominantly grade IV or grade V. At 16 months bladder function was normal in eight @entity1 and @entity3025 resolved in eight, five of these with normal bladder function. Group 3 (10 @entity1 ) had @entity8 . Initially grade V @entity3025 predominated; at 16 months the bladder function was normal in only one, and in the rest the emptying dynamics were abnormal. All 10 @entity1 had persisting @entity3025 (no resolution). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity3025 , resolution at 16 months old is associated with normal kidneys in a similar proportion of @entity1 and @entity1 . Resolution also correlates well with normal bladder function. Presentation in infancy with bilateral abnormal kidneys, associated with severe @entity3025 in @entity1 , is a poor prognostic sign for the early outcome of @entity3025 and for bladder function.

title: The relationship between early renal status, and the resolution of XXXX at 16 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['initial renal abnormalities', 'bilateral renal abnormalities', 'unilateral renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['VUR', 'vesico-ureteric reflux']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['VUR and bladder function']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['vesico-ureteric reflux and bladder function']


abstract: @entity24740 dyes are extensively used for coloring textiles, paper, food, leather, drinks, pharmaceutical products, cosmetics and inks. The textile industry consumes the largest amount of @entity24740 dyes, and it is estimated that approximately 10-15% of dyes used for coloring textiles may be lost in waste streams. Almost all @entity24740 dyes are synthetic and resist biodegradation, however, they can readily be reduced by a number of chemical and biological reducing systems. Biological treatment has advantages over physical and chemical methods due to lower costs and minimal environmental effect. This research focuses on the utilization of @entity12799 to remove some types of @entity24740 dyes from aqueous solutions. The fungus, physically induced in its paramorphogenic form (called 'pellets'), was used in the dye biosorption studies with both non-autoclaved and autoclaved hyphae, at different pH values. The goals were the removal of dyes by biosorption and the decrease of their @entity137 . The dyes used were Direct @entity37322 and Direct Violet 51. Their spectral stability (325-700 nm) was analyzed at different pH values (2.50, 4.50 and 6.50). The best biosorptive pH value and the @entity137 limit, (which is given by the lethal concentration (LC(100)), were then determined. Each dye showed the same spectrum at different pH values. The best biosorptive pH was 2.50, for both non- autoclaved and autoclaved hyphae of A. oryzae. The @entity137 level of the dyes was determined using the Trimmed Spearman-Karber Method, with Daphnia similis in all bioassays. The Direct Violet 51 (LC(100) 400 mg    mL(-1)) was found to be the most toxic dye, followed by the Direct @entity37322 (LC(100) 900 mg    mL(-1)). The @entity137 bioassays for each dye have shown that it is possible to decrease the @entity137 level to zero by adding a small quantity of biomass from A. oryzae in its paramorphogenic form. The autoclaved biomass had a higher biosorptive capacity for the dye than the non-autoclaved biomass. The results show that bioremediation occurs with A. oryzae in its paramorphogenic form, and it can be used as a biosorptive substrate for treatment of industrial waste water containing @entity24740 dyes.

title: Bioremediation of direct dyes in simulated textile effluents by a paramorphogenic form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity12799 :: ('5062', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus oryzae']

answer: @entity12799 :: (5062,Species) :: ['Aspergillus oryzae']