abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity221 with @entity882 (SFTS) is an @entity7823 that was first reported in China in 2011. However, it is now endemic in Japan, and the SFTS viruses in Japan and China have evolved independently. Its fatality rate is 26.5  % in Japan, and the viral load is related to morbidity. CASE DESCRIPTION: We encountered two @entity1 with SFTS. Case 1 is a 72-year-old @entity1 who visited our hospital owing to severe @entity1295 , @entity294 , and @entity390 . Her consciousness level score on the Glasgow @entity772 Scale was 14 points, and her serum @entity880 dehydrogenase level was 646  IU/L. Case 2 is an 82-year-old @entity1 who visited our hospital owing to @entity294 and general @entity1295 . Her consciousness level score on the Glasgow @entity772 Scale was 11 points, and her serum @entity880 dehydrogenase level was 935  IU/L. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: Both @entity1 had @entity9058 and presented with similar symptoms. Although both were treated with similar drug regimens, their clinical courses were different: after treatment, the 72-year-old @entity1 survived whereas the 82-year-old @entity1 died. In addition to age, the two @entity1 differed in terms of time between symptom onset and treatment initiation, consciousness level, viral load, and extent of elevation of liver enzyme levels. CONCLUSIONS: The viral load, which is a predictor of morbidity, was associated with the level of consciousness and the serum @entity880 dehydrogenase level, both of which might be useful for predicting @entity204 in @entity1 with SFTS.

title: Severe XXXX with @entity882 presenting as @entity9058 : two case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity7823 :: ('MESH:D021821', 'Disease') :: ['emerging infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Whatever the surgical technique used, false @entity439 formation is one of the long-term complications of repair of @entity1498 . Conservative management is associated with a 100% rate of @entity397 . The conventional surgical approach is complex and associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We report our experience of endovascular management of pseudo- @entity439 after previous surgical repair of congenital @entity1498 . METHODS: Between October 2005 and 2006, stent-grafting of pseudo- @entity439 after previous surgical repair of congenital @entity1498 was performed in four @entity1 . Median age was 31.5 years (range: 24-38). Two @entity1 had undergone two previous interventions. The last previous surgery consisted of graft interposition (N=2), subclavian flap aortoplasty (N=1) and aorto-aortic bypass (N=1). Median size of the pseudo- @entity439 was 31.5mm (range: 20-58). Mean time between the last surgery and endovascular treatment was 24 years (range: 3-32). One @entity1 was treated emergently because of hemoptysis in relation with an aorto-bronchial fistula, the three other @entity1 were treated electively. A transfemoral approach was used in all @entity1 . The Zenith TX2 (Cook) thoracic stent-graft was used in all the @entity1 , one @entity1 underwent previous dilatation at the coarctation level. When present, the ostium of the left subclavian artery was always covered (N=3). RESULTS: No major complication occurred during the procedure and no @entity1 died during the follow-up. One @entity1 presented a @entity1070 which spontaneously healed during the first month. Another @entity1 with @entity5216 covered presented claudication of the left arm requiring a carotid-subclavian bypass. After a median follow-up of 7.5 months (range: 1-12.9), the @entity1 were asymptomatic and CT scans demonstrated complete exclusion of all treated @entity439 without recoarctation and without any stent-graft-related complication. CONCLUSIONS: The endovascular management of pseudo- @entity439 after previous surgical repair of congenital @entity1498 is feasible. This approach was safe and effective. Long-term clinic and imaging follow-up is mandatory.

title: Endovascular management of pseudo- @entity439 after previous surgical repair of congenital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleak']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'postcoarctation aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['his left subclavian artery']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Vestibular @entity292 is the commonest @entity2463 in the female @entity1 . This article reports the treatment and long-term follow-up of 1206 @entity1 of @entity292 treated by anterior sagittal anorectoplasty (ASARP) in a single center for 38 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All @entity1 of @entity292 admitted and operated on at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, King George Medical University (Lucknow, UP India), from 1970 were included in the study; the age ranged from 2 days to 40 years. The diagnosis was made by clinical examination. We differentiated @entity292 ( @entity292 ) and @entity292 ( @entity292 ) in that the latter is a longer narrow @entity292 closely applied to the posterior wall of the vagina. Preoperative investigations included hemogram and blood @entity413 . Echocardiography was done in those @entity1 showing a physical sign of @entity299 . All @entity1 were operated on in the lithotomy position by ASARP; this was done without colostomy in 1169 @entity1 . In 6 @entity1 , preliminary colostomy was done because of excessive perineal excoriation, and 31 others had colostomy done elsewhere. The striated muscle complex was delineated by electrostimulation, and anoplasty was performed after anchoring the rectum within the muscle complex. Washing of the perineum after passage of stools with application of @entity4279 ointment constituted the local care. Intravenous antibiotics were administered for 48 hours and oral antibiotics (including @entity868 ) for 5 days. The @entity1 was discharged home by the fifth day. RESULTS: Follow-up ranges from 3 months to 19 years; uneventful postoperative recovery was seen in 1147 @entity1 . They had normal growth and development, normal appearance of the perineum, and a normal quality of life. Complications were seen in 60 @entity1 (5%) of which 42 had @entity292 and 18 had @entity292 . Eight @entity1 had postoperative wound disruption that was minor in 4 and required colostomy in the other 4. Four @entity1 had recurrence of @entity292 thus creating an iatrogenic perineal canal; this could be repaired by a second ASARP in 3 @entity1 and required colostomy and PSARP in one @entity1 . @entity850 was seen in 11 @entity1 ; this was treated by dilatation alone in 6 and required posterior Y-V plasty in 5. The rate of complications in @entity292 was lower than @entity292 probably because of lesser number of @entity1 ; there was no difference in stooling pattern or continence between uncomplicated @entity1 of @entity292 and @entity292 ; however, fecal staining was seen in all @entity1 undergoing revision surgery for complications. CONCLUSIONS: This experience with ASARP showed a good result in 95% @entity1 in a single-stage procedure. The technical ease and minimal preoperative and postoperative measures make ASARP the procedure of choice for @entity292 in females at all ages. Until sufficient experience is gained, it may be safer to operate on @entity1 with @entity292 under cover of a protective colostomy.

title: Long-term results of anterior sagittal anorectoplasty for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformation']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['rectovestibular fistula', 'RVF', 'AVF', 'fistula', 'vestibular fistula', 'between anovestibular fistula']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomaly']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Anal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['vestibular fistula']


abstract: Our objective was to test whether Fuhrman grade [corrected] (FG) is applicable in the context of @entity1358 @entity1 treated with partial and radical nephrectomy. @entity1 (n=1862) with @entity1358 treated with partial and radical nephrectomy were identified within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (1988-2008). Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were fitted to predict @entity5 -specific mortality. Discriminant properties were assessed for the conventional four-tiered FG scheme. Additionally, discrimination of the three-tiered FG scheme (1-2 vs 3 vs 4) and the two-tiered FG scheme (1-2 vs 3-4) was also assessed. The statistical significance of the differences in accuracy estimates was compared using the Mantel-Haenszel test. A total of 65 of the 1862 died of the disease. The overall 5-year @entity5 -specific mortality-free survival rate was 94.8% (95% confidence interval: 93.5-96.2). In univariable analyses, none of the FG strata were significantly associated with @entity5 -specific mortality. Furthermore, FG was less informative (63%) than @entity5 size (72%) and @entity5 stage (69%), using measures of discrimination in univariable analyses. After accounting for all covariates, prediction of 5-year @entity5 -specific mortality was 79.0% vs 80.3% accurate, respectively, with vs without the consideration of FG (P=0.01). Similar discrimination estimates were obtained for the modified three-tiered FG scheme (78.5%; P=0.009) and the modified two-tiered FG scheme (79.5%; P=0.02). In conclusion, FG is not an informative predictor of prognosis, defined as @entity5 -specific mortality, after partial and radical nephrectomy for @entity1358 @entity1 .

title: Fuhrman grade [corrected] has no added value in prediction of mortality after partial or [corrected] radical nephrectomy for @entity1358 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['chromophobe renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress- induced @entity296 is acute, reversible left ventricle mainly @entity409 in @entity1 with normal coronary angiography. Rarely it regards basal segments, therefore defined as "inverted stress- induced @entity296 ". While classic form mostly affects postmenopausal @entity1 , inverted variant occurs essentially in younger females, always triggered by stress. It can also develop after medical procedures and surgery. Herein we report such unique case of 36- year old @entity1 after cesarean delivery. CASE PRESENTATION: A 36- year- old white @entity1 at 40  week of gestation was admitted to hospital for elective repeated cesarean delivery. During caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia a previously healthy @entity1 became @entity551 , requiring @entity6358 to maintain her blood pressure. Three hours after delivery the @entity1 presented @entity712 and @entity4 . Due to low blood pressure she demanded the administration of inotropic agents. Owing to @entity1576 and gradual deterioration of consciousness, mechanical ventilation was applied. Results of additional tests finally excluded @entity1151 and @entity1187 . The transthoracic echocardiography revealed @entity1002 , ejection fraction 30  % with hypokinesis of the mid and basal segments of posterior, anterior and lateral wall with preserved contractility of the apical segments. The diagnosis of inverted stress- induced @entity296 was set upon the overall clinical data. Both echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging performed on the fifth day showed complete recovery of myocardial function. The @entity1 was discharged after 15  days in good overall condition. At 12- month follow- up she remained asymptomatic with no echocardiographic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Inverted stress- induced @entity296 may occur in postpartum period, especially in combination with spinal anesthesia and adrenergic stimulants administration. The clinical awareness and multimodality imaging of possible diagnosis and further management of this unexpected variant of @entity712 after caesarean delivery is required.

title: Inverted stress- induced @entity296 as a unusual variant of XXXX after cesarean delivery- a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['apical dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute heart failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a lack of evidence as to the relevance of @entity1545 ( @entity1545 ) in @entity1 with severe @entity130 . Therefore, we reviewed registry data in the present study in order to systematically objectify the effect of @entity1545 in these @entity1 . This study aimed to provide an adequate picture of the relevance of @entity1545 and to identify adverse prognostic factors. In a retrospective analysis of records from the TraumaRegister DGU   (TR-DGU) in two subgroups with moderate and severe @entity1545 , we examined the records for differences in terms of morbidity, mortality, follow-up and prognostic parameters compared to @entity1 without @entity1545 with the same ISS. From a total of 42,326 @entity1 , 2,961 (7%) had a @entity1545 , and in 2,437 cases a severe @entity1545 (AIS >=    3) was diagnosed (5.8%). In addition to a higher incidence of shock and a 2 to 3-fold increase in fluid replacement and erythrocyte transfusion, @entity1 with severe @entity1545 had a 60% higher rate of @entity881 , and in-hospital mortality was twice as high (33.8%). The massively increased early mortality (8.0 vs. 25.2%) clearly illustrates how severely injured @entity1 are placed at risk by the presence of a relevant @entity1545 with a comparable ISS. In our opinion, due to an unexpected poor prognosis in the TR-DGU data for @entity1317 , increased attention is required in the care of severely injured @entity1 . Based on our comprehensive analysis of negative prognostic factors, a further adjustment to the standards of vascular medicine could be advisable. The influence of the level of care provided by the admitting hospital and the relevance of a further hospital transfer to prognosis and clinical outcome is currently being analysed.

title: [Relevance of Vascular XXXX in @entity130 Care - Impact on Clinical Course and Mortality].

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['vascular trauma', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: @entity9725 (B) is an essential microelement for plants and is constantly needed throughout the plant life due to its function as a structural element of the plant cell wall. @entity942 is a wide-spread problem in agricultural areas world-wide, and management of B nutrition is challenged by sudden occurrences of @entity942 or inconsistent effects of foliar B application. The effects of insufficient B supply on different structures relevant for the plant water status have been heavily researched, but the resulting conclusions are contradictory and no clear picture has so far emerged that fully explains the inconsistencies. @entity942 can affect water uptake by inhibition of root and shoot growth and by upregulation of water channels. @entity75 to xylem vessels can limit water transport to arial plant parts, while water loss can be altered by impaired barrier functions of leaf surfaces and reduced photosynthesis. In consequence of all these effects, transpiration is reduced in @entity942 plants under well-watered conditions. Under drought conditions, the responsiveness of stomata is impaired. Possible consequences of damaged vasculature for plant B nutrition include the reduced effectiveness of foliar B fertilization, especially in species with high B phloem mobility. Changes in leaf surface properties can further reduce B uptake after foliar application. In species with low B phloem mobility, weakened xylem vessels may not be able to supply sufficient B to arial parts under conditions of increased B demand, such as during bud development of trees. Since structural damage to vessels is hardly reversible, these effects could be permanent, even if @entity942 was only transient. Another consequence of reduced water status is the higher susceptibility of @entity942 plants to other abiotic stresses, which also impair water relations, especially drought. Since damage to vasculature can occur before visible symptoms of @entity942 appear in shoots, the importance to develop reliable diagnostic tools for detection of sub-acute @entity942 is highlighted.

title: Review: mechanisms for XXXX deficiency-mediated changes in plant water relations.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Structural damage']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['B-deficient', 'B deficiency']

answer: @entity9725 :: (MESH:D001895,Chemical) :: ['boron']


abstract: To analyze immunohematologic reconstitution, particularly of natural killer (NK) cells, we evaluated 13 b- @entity2395 @entity1 after 20 and 60 days and 1 year posttransplantation with T cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical stem cells. We assessed lymphocyte and bone marrow (BM) progenitor cell phenotype and differentiation capacity, spontaneous BM cytokine production, stromal cells, and stromal cell interleukin (IL)-7 production. A reduced clonogenic capability manifested at day +20. @entity1 had significantly lower @entity404 (+) T cells versus controls, mainly in the CD45RA(+) @entity1196 (+) subset. NKs were among the first lymphocytes to repopulate the peripheral blood. At day +60, an increase in primitive BM progenitor cells paralleled small increases in @entity404 (+), na  ve @entity404 (+), and thymic na  ve Th cells. A significant increase in @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) markers paralleled an increase in CD3   CD16(+) NKs, especially with full engraftment. In @entity1 with stable mixed chimerism we observed very low levels of CD3(+) donor chimerism early after transplant that increased over time, but a stable population of high donor NK cells, suggesting a role of these cells on donor engraftment. Stromal cells secreted less @entity6977 and displayed "macrophage-like" morphology. @entity1 initially manifested impaired stem/progenitor cell growth and differentiation capacity in parallel with altered T cell homeostasis and a reduced T cell na  ve compartment. We hypothesize that T cell compartment damage partly arises from altered new T cell production from the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells under stromal cytokine influence. NNK subset analysis might be useful for determining transplant outcome.

title: Immunohematologic reconstitution in pediatric @entity1 after T cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical stem cell transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['thalassemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The clinical signs of @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 (CADASIL) are expressed mainly in the nervous system and recently reports also situate them in the retina. AIM: To determine the prevalence and risk of @entity2520 in subjects from families with a history of CADASIL mutation in the department of Antioquia, Colombia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with subjects being assigned to the CADASIL group or a control group according to genotyping for the @entity31942 and @entity31943 mutation in @entity7363 . Each @entity1 voluntarily signed the informed consent document and was submitted to neurological, neuropsychological and periodontal evaluation. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the two groups according to age, sex, schooling, @entity286 smoking, cognitive status, functional status and the presence of natural teeth. The frequency of soft plaque, @entity2522 and @entity2520 was significantly higher in the group of carriers of the CADASIL mutation than in the control group. The CADASIL group had six times more risk of having soft plaque above or equal to 20% than the control group. Prevalence of @entity2522 above or equal to 10% was observed in all the members of the CADASIL group. The @entity1 in the CADASIL group had five times more risk of @entity2520 than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Carriers of the CADASIL mutation displayed a higher prevalence and risk of @entity2520 .

title: [Periodontal disease as an early clinical sign of @entity74 with XXXX and @entity62 (CADASIL)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'suffering periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical infarcts']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['subcortical infarcts']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the decision-making process used by individuals asked to participate in @entity303 research and their opinions on how future proxy research decisions would or should be made, including @entity1 ' preferred ethical standards for decision making. DESIGN: Cross-sectional qualitative methods. SETTING: University research institutions. @entity1 : Informants were 39 of 46 individuals with @entity73 (i.e., subjects) who were asked to join one of six @entity303 studies and 46 study partners or surrogate decision makers. MEASUREMENTS: Semistructured individual interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for content analysis. RESULTS: Within dyads, subjects and surrogates often differed in their perspectives on how decisions were made regarding whether to join a study, and no single method was identified as a predominant approach. Although there was only fair agreement within dyads on who ultimately made the decision, subjects and surrogates most often said it was the subject. For future proxy research decisions, subjects and surrogates most often preferred the ethical standard of best interests and least often favored substituted judgment. However, many @entity1 preferred a combination of best interests and substituted judgment or a more complex approach that also considers the interests of others. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with mild to moderate @entity73 can and do engage to some extent in the decision-making process for @entity303 research and can discuss their opinions on how they would want such decisions made for them in the future. These findings support the recommended approach for obtaining proxy consent and subject assent if the individual lacks consent capacity.

title: Decision making for participation in XXXX research.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: @entity1 @entity5 @entity39 factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand( @entity2205 ) is a member of the @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) family of ligands which has been reported in 1995. The @entity2205 protein induces apoptosis of certain types of target cells, such as transformed cells that include but are not limited to @entity5 cells and virus-infected cells but the normal cells. It is a type II transmembrane protein and the extracellular domain of @entity2205 is the functional domain in induction of cell apoptosis. A gene fragment encoding for the active domain of @entity2205 was modified with oligo-nucleotide directed mutagenesis according to the characters of @entity10056 expressing vector. @entity369 at the position of 149 corresponding to the @entity535 residue 531 which might be a potential Kex2 protease processing sites was substituted with @entity376 to prevent the expressed protein from the digestion by the protease. After proved with DNA sequencing. the modified gene fragment coding soluble @entity2205 domain was inserted into the @entity10056 expression vector pPIC9K in the same reading frame with alpha-factor secreting signal peptide. The recombinant plasmid pPIC9K - @entity2205 was transferred into @entity10056 cell by spheroplast transformation. The recombinant @entity375 were identified by antibiotic G418 and Southern dot blot. The transformants (His+ Mut(s)) containing multi-copy gene fragment of @entity2205 were selected with increasing concentration of G418 and induced with 0.5% @entity1042 in shaking flask to expression the active domain of @entity2205 . After inducing for 3 - 4 days, the proteins in the culture supernatant was assayed with @entity214 -PAGE and Western blot. Two expressed protein bands whose appearant molecular weight were 19kD and 38kD, respectively, could be specifically recognized by polyclonal antibodies against @entity1 @entity2205 . The 38kD protein might be a dimers of @entity2205 in the culture supernatant. The amount of expressed foreign protein made up to 36% of the total proteins in the culture suprenatant. Biological activity assay, in vitro, indicated that the expressed protein could induce @entity5 cells apoptosis.

title: [Expression of a DNA fragment encoding the active domain of @entity1 TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P. pastoris']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['pichia pastoris']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) is prevalent among Asian populations, with marked regional variations in incidence and mortality. @entity1 with @entity1721 have a very poor prognosis, but detection of @entity1721 at earlier stages could improve clinical outcome. Therefore, identification of epidemiologic factors that influence the development of @entity1721 would facilitate prevention and/or early detection of the disease. METHODS: We performed a 2-step genome-wide association study with subsequent replication analysis using a total of 1070 Japanese @entity1721 cases and 2836 controls. We also used logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions. RESULTS: We identified the significant associations of @entity1721 with 4q21-23 and 12q24 regions, which include nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in @entity5873 ( @entity30803 , P = 6.76 x 10(-35)) and @entity6921 ( @entity30804 , P = 3.68 x 10(-68)) that were previously shown to be associated with @entity1721 susceptibility. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed SNP @entity30804 , @entity30803 , @entity167 drinking, and smoking as the independent risk factors for @entity1721 (odds ratios of 1.66, 1.85, 1.92, and 1.79, respectively). Moreover, individuals who had both genetic and lifestyle-related risk factors had a nearly 190 times higher risk of @entity1721 than those who had neither of these. CONCLUSIONS: We found 2 known functional variants involved in the metabolism of @entity167 and @entity286 by-products as the most significant risk factors for the development of @entity1721 in a Japanese population. The individuals carrying both risk genotypes have a higher baseline risk of @entity1721 that is substantially increased by 2 lifestyle risk factors.

title: Functional variants in @entity5873 and XXXX coupled with @entity167 and smoking synergistically enhance esophageal cancer risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity6921 :: (217,Gene) :: ['ALDH2']


abstract: @entity205 and @entity1855 are substrates for @entity1262 . Both agents are known to reverse multidrug resistance in cells overexpressing @entity1262 . In this investigation, we have examined the effects of @entity205 and @entity1855 on multidrug resistance in HL60/AR cells that lack @entity1262 . In addition, a correlation was sought between an alteration in plasma membrane potential as measured with cationic dye DIOC5 and overexpression of @entity1262 . HL60/AR cells accumulated 3 fold less @entity5699 than HL60 cells. The drug accumulation defect and drug resistance in HL60/AR cells were partially corrected by @entity1855 and @entity3016 . However, @entity205 had no detectable effect on @entity5699 accumulation or drug resistance in HL60/AR cells. The multidrug resistant P338/ADR cell line overexpressed @entity1262 and exhibited depolarization of plasma membrane when compared to its corresponding drug sensitive parental cell line. In contrast, HL60/AR cells lacked @entity1262 and plasma membrane potentials were similar to those of drug sensitive HL60 cells. These results suggest that [1] @entity1855 modulates @entity5699 transport by a mechanism independent of @entity1262 ] the mechanisms of reversal of multidrug resistance by @entity1855 and @entity205 are distinct, and [3] the plasma membrane depolarization in multidrug resistant cell lines that overexpress @entity1262 , as determined by DIOC5, may be due to an increased efflux of cationic dye by @entity1262 , rather than a true measurement of plasma membrane potential in multidrug resistant cells.

title: Lack of reversal of XXXX resistance in HL60/AR cells by @entity205 .

entities_list: @entity1262 :: ('5243', 'Gene') :: ['P-glycoprotein', 'P-glycoprotein, [2']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A', 'Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity3016 :: ('MESH:D019328', 'Chemical') :: ['buthionine sulfoximine']

answer: @entity5699 :: (MESH:D003630,Chemical) :: ['daunorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair is indicated for recurrent and bilateral inguinal @entity547 and traditionally is performed under general anesthesia. However, the feasibility of performing TAPP under spinal anesthesia has been recently reported by our team. AIM: To assess the long-term results of TAPP repair under spinal anesthesia for primary @entity169 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2006 and October 2009, 94 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity169 were submitted to laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair under spinal anesthesia. We looked at the immediate postoperative outcome as well as the long-term outcome, mainly recurrences and incidence of @entity1118 . RESULTS: One @entity1 experienced a @entity1410 , one @entity1 a trocar site infection, two @entity1 were diagnosed with an operation-related @entity11570 , while 31 @entity1 (33  %) developed symptoms of urinary retention. At a median follow-up of 35  months (range 14-59), four @entity1 (4.3  %) were diagnosed with a recurrence, while 89  % of @entity1 reported satisfied from the procedure in the long-term. @entity1118 was not encountered in any of the @entity1 studied. Four @entity1 (4.3  %) reported an intermitted foreign body sensation and/or @entity2003 and two @entity1 (2.1  %) numbness in the operated inguinal area. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic TAPP hernia repair under spinal anesthesia is associated with satisfactory short- and long-term results. Use of regional anesthesia instead of the traditional general anesthesia does not seem to adversely affect the quality of repair, and moreover, it offers the @entity1 an attractive anesthetic alternative.

title: Long-term results after laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) XXXX under spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal hematoma']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral inguinal hernia', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: To clarify whether @entity1154 neuron activity in the brain is regulated by @entity112 H3 receptors, the effects of a potent and selective H3 agonist, @entity10448 and an antagonist, @entity13686 , on @entity1154 metabolism were examined in the telencephalon, hypothalamus and brainstem of the @entity35 and the whole @entity19 brain. @entity112 turnover estimated from the @entity4927 -induced tele- @entity11129 accumulation decreased markedly with @entity10448 administration (6.3 mg/kg i.p.) and increased with @entity13686 administration (5 mg/kg i.p.) in all the brain regions examined. @entity10448 and @entity13686 , at the doses tested, neither induced any significant changes in the levels of @entity1063 or @entity4925 nor had any significant influence on the @entity8490 -induced declines of the @entity1063 and @entity935 levels in all the brain regions examined. However, @entity13686 significantly decreased the @entity935 level only in the @entity35 telencephalon. In general, @entity13686 increased @entity1130 ( @entity5581 )/ @entity750 ( @entity750 ) ratios and @entity4927 -induced @entity750 accumulation. However, @entity10448 affected neither the @entity750 nor the @entity5581 level. The @entity4927 -induced @entity750 accumulation was slightly enhanced by @entity10448 in the whole @entity19 brain. The enhancement by @entity13686 of @entity4927 -induced @entity750 accumulation was not inhibited by @entity10448 . These results suggest that H3 receptors have no important roles in the regulation of monoaminergic activity in contrast with their regulatory function in histaminergic activity. In addition, @entity13686 at high doses may enhance @entity750 turnover independently of H3 receptors.

title: Is XXXX turnover in the brain regulated by @entity112 H3 receptors?

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity4927 :: ('MESH:D010293', 'Chemical') :: ['pargyline']

entities_list: @entity11129 :: ('CHEBI:29009', 'Chemical') :: ['methylhistamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity10448 :: ('CHEBI:73337', 'Chemical') :: ['(R) alpha-methylhistamine', '(R) alpha-Methylhistamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity13686 :: ('MESH:C052075', 'Chemical') :: ['thioperamide']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the clinical course of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) in the Malaysian population, comparing the three major ethnic groups: Malay, Chinese and Indian. METHODS: @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity31 from seven major medical referral centers in Malaysia were recruited. Their baseline characteristics, and the extent of the disease, its clinical course and complications were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 118 @entity1 was included. The extent of disease was as follows: @entity4272 alone in 22 (18.6%), sigmoid colon in 23 (19.5%), descending colon in 16 (13.6%), transverse colon in 11 (9.3%), ascending colon and pancolitis 46 (39%). Most @entity1 had chronic intermittent disease. Extra-intestinal complications were seen in 27 (22.9%) @entity1 and fulminant @entity1960 was seen in four (3.4%). None developed @entity14 . The overall cumulative colectomy rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 3.4% (CI: 0.9-8.5), 5.9% (CI: 1.9-13.2) and 15.6% (CI: 6.5-29.4), respectively. There was a higher prevalence of extra-intestinal manifestations and a trend towards more extensive disease among Indian @entity1 . However, no significant differences were seen in the age of onset, the severity of disease (fulminant @entity1960 , @entity66 ) and the colectomy rate. CONCLUSION: As in developed countries, most of our @entity1 have a remitting and relapsing pattern of disease but the clinical course appears to be milder, with lower rates of colectomies. There are differences in clinical presentation among the three major ethnic groups, with Indians having a higher prevalence of extra-intestinal manifestations and a trend towards more extensive disease.

title: Demography and clinical course of XXXX in a multiracial Asian population: a nationwide study from Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: While detection of @entity5 with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may reduce diagnostic costs and improve surgical outcomes for @entity1 with @entity699 , the optimal T1-weighted @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ) MRI protocol remains unknown. We hypothesized that specific MR scanning parameters influence detection of corticotropinomas. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Between December 1997 and November 2004, 21 of 84 consecutive @entity1 with @entity699 had a falsely negative initial pituitary MRI study and a lesion identified subsequently at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. This study retrospectively reviewed and compared technical parameters used for the two pituitary T1-weighted @entity9468 MRIs in 18 @entity1 with available scans. MEASUREMENTS: Repetition time (TR)/echo times (TE), field of view (FOV), matrix size, magnetic field strength, slice thickness, use of @entity2287 contrast and the time interval between studies were recorded. RESULTS: The MRI interscan interval was 5.4 +/- 1.1 months. All scans used @entity2287 , matrix sizes were similar and nearly all had 3-mm thick slices. Parameters that differed between the NIH- and externally performed scans were: TR (400 ms vs. 492 +/- 19 ms, P = 0.0002); TE (10.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 17.2 +/- 1.2 ms, P = 0.0003); FOV (12 x 12 cm vs.17 +/- 0.6 x 18 +/- 0.7 cm, P < 0.0001). Immunohistochemistry of @entity5 resected at transsphenoidal surgery confirmed all to be corticotropinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Not all 'T1-weighted @entity9468 ' scans are equally accurate. MRI technique, particularly FOV and TR/TE value, influences results. We recommend that endocrinologists consider pituitary MRI parameters when interpreting the results.

title: A change in pituitary magnetic resonance imaging protocol detects ACTH-secreting XXXX in @entity1 with previously negative results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: @entity1 telomerase is a structurally complex ribonucleoprotein that is responsible for the maintenance of telomeric DNA at the ends of the chromosomes. The enzyme is proposed as having an important role in cell immortalization and oncogenesis. A limited number of studies have been performed on the telomerase system in @entity1313 , and these studies are somewhat conflicting. The relative ineffectiveness of current therapies for @entity11 led to the need for novel targets for more promising approaches. In order to clarify the prognostic significance of telomerase expression in @entity11 and to speculate on therapeutic implications, we examined telomerase activity by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay in 42 @entity11 , (32 multiform @entity463 , 4 @entity816 , 4 differentiated @entity816 , 1 @entity816 and 1 oligosarcoma). Telomerase messenger expression ( @entity2215 mRNA) was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR analysis in the same group of @entity5 . High telomerase activity was detected in 21/42 @entity11 (50%). The levels of telomerase in terms of its messenger level expression overlapped the activity; in fact, a significant association between telomerase activity and @entity2215 mRNA expression was found (chi2 test; p<0.0001). At univariate analysis, advanced age as well as high telomerase activity and @entity2215 mRNA levels were seen to be significant predictors of worse prognosis regarding both overall survival (p=0.007, p=0.007, p=0.04, respectively) and disease-free interval (p=0.008, p=0.008, p=0.04, respectively). All these variables maintained a significant independent prognostic role in multivariate analysis. Telomerase may represent an indicator of progression and poor prognosis in this type of @entity5 , with interesting therapeutic implications.

title: Telomerase activity and XXXX mRNA expression in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'oligoastrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity2215 :: (7015,Gene) :: ['hTERT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have concluded that @entity6 and @entity299 carry similar risk for future @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Most of these studies were too small to quantify independent risks specific to @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity6 is a @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk equivalent for prediction of future @entity301 and @entity65 events in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The Raloxifene Use for the Heart (RUTH) trial was an international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of @entity441 and @entity65 outcomes in 10 101 postmenopausal @entity1 selected for high @entity301 risk. Of these, 3672 had a history of @entity6 without known @entity301 , and 3265 had a history of @entity301 without known @entity6 . Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare cardiovascular outcomes in these 2 groups. Mean age at baseline was 67.5 years; median follow-up was 5.6 years. There were 725 deaths, including 450 @entity65 . In age-adjusted analyses, @entity6 @entity1 had an increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with @entity1 with @entity301 . Although the overall risk of @entity301 and @entity65 was lower in @entity6 @entity1 compared with @entity1 with @entity301 , the risk of fatal @entity301 , fatal @entity65 , and all-cause mortality was similar (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.85 [0.65-1.12], 0.99 [0.78-1.25], and 1.18 [0.98-1.42], respectively, after adjusting for age, lifestyle factors, @entity301 risk factors, statin use, and treatment assignment). CONCLUSIONS: In the RUTH trial, @entity6 was a @entity301 risk equivalent in @entity1 for fatal, but not nonfatal, @entity301 and @entity65 .

title: Is @entity6 a @entity299 equivalent in @entity1 ? Results from an international study of postmenopausal XXXX in the Raloxifene Use for the Heart (RUTH) Trial.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular deaths', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the reactive hyperaemic response of the lower limb increases with improved exercise capacity after acute supplementation with @entity534 , the precursor of @entity842 , in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: 19 @entity1 with @entity712 were enrolled in the study. Rest @entity291 blood flow and femoral occlusion induced @entity291 blood flow changes were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography before and after intravenous infusion of 10% @entity534 solution (5 ml/kg for 30 minutes) or placebo. Postexercise @entity291 blood flow was also measured after the experimental infusion. During both postinfusion periods, several exercise capacity indices were determined by a symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise test using a bicycle ergometer. RESULTS: Baseline @entity291 blood flow, systemic blood pressure, and heart rate showed no significant changes in either of the two experimental conditions. However, the occlusion induced blood flow response was significantly enhanced by @entity534 infusion (mean (SEM) peak flow, 19.6 (1.5) v 28.9 (3.1) ml/min/dl @entity291 tissue; p < 0.01), but not by placebo (peak flow, 19.1 (1.4) v 20.9 (1.8) ml/min/dl @entity291 tissue; NS). @entity291 blood flow response after exercise was also higher after @entity534 infusion than after placebo (peak flow, 4.8 (0.4) v 6.0 (0.8) ml/min/dl @entity291 tissue; p < 0.05). @entity534 infusion had no significant effect compared with placebo on exercise capacity indices such as peak @entity26 uptake (17.1 (1.0) v 15.8 (1.1) ml/min/kg; NS), anaerobic threshold (10.5 (0.6) v 10.4 (0.7) ml/min/kg; NS), and exercise time (296 (23) v 283 (22) s; NS). CONCLUSIONS: Acute supplementation with the @entity842 precursor @entity534 increased lower limb reactive hyperaemia but did not lead to any significant improvement in exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: Effects of XXXX on lower limb vasodilator reserve and exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity534 :: (CHEBI:16467,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity534 is an important precursor of @entity842 (NO) and protein synthesis. @entity369 is produced in the body (mainly kidney) by de novo production from @entity7792 and by protein breakdown. @entity369 availability appears to be limited in @entity295 . OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare @entity369 and @entity7792 metabolism in septic @entity1 and nonseptic control @entity1 in an intensive care unit (ICU) and in healthy control subjects. DESIGN: Ten @entity1 with @entity326 , 7 critically ill control @entity1 , and 16 healthy elderly subjects were studied. Metabolism was measured by using a primed continuous (2 h) stable-isotope infusion protocol. NO production was calculated as the conversion rate of @entity369 to @entity7792 ; de novo @entity369 production was calculated as the conversion rate of @entity7792 to @entity369 . Arterial blood (arterialized venous blood in healthy subjects) was collected for the measurement of @entity535 enrichment and concentrations. Data are reported as means +/- SDs. RESULTS: Whole-body @entity7792 production was significantly lower in septic @entity1 (4.5 +/- 2.1 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1)) than in ICU control @entity1 (10.1 +/- 2.9 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1); P < 0.01) and in healthy control subjects (13.7 +/- 4.1 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1); P < 0.001). Accordingly, de novo @entity369 production was lower in @entity1 with @entity295 (3.3 +/- 3.7 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1)) than in healthy controls (11.9 +/- 6.6 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1); P < 0.01) and tended to be lower in septic @entity1 than in ICU control @entity1 (10.9 +/- 9.4 micromol . kg(-1) . h(-1); P = 0.05). NO production was lower in septic @entity1 than in healthy control subjects (P < 0.01), whereas a larger part of @entity369 was converted to @entity1133 in @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7792 production is severely low in @entity1 with @entity295 and is related to diminished de novo @entity369 and NO production. These metabolic alterations contribute to reduced @entity7792 and @entity369 availability, and these findings warrant further studies of therapeutic nutritional interventions to restore @entity369 metabolism in @entity295 .

title: Reduced @entity7792 production in @entity295 is related to diminished de novo XXXX and @entity842 production.

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline', 'Citrulline']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Arginine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Impact of @entity231 Surgery (ICS) questionnaire was designed to assess @entity231 surgery outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric properties of the ICS questionnaire using the Rasch model in a @entity231 population. METHODS: Ninety-one @entity1 waiting to undergo @entity231 surgery in the first or second eye at the Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia self-administered the four-item ICS questionnaire. Rasch analysis was performed to assess behaviour of response categories, ability to differentiate between @entity1 ' @entity227 ( @entity1 separation; minimum acceptable 2.0), if items measure a single underlying construct [i.e. unidimensionality assessed by fit statistics and further by principal components analysis (PCA)] and matching of item difficulty to @entity1 ability (targeting; ideal < 0.5 logits). Adequate @entity1 separation was defined as basic requirement for a measure, failing which further assessment such as PCA was not performed. RESULTS: The four-item ICS questionnaire did not meet the required measurement properties ( @entity1 separation zero). Response categories did not behave as intended, requiring the collapsing of categories for one item (read ordinary newspaper-size print). One item misfit (estimating distance) indicating that it was not measuring the same construct as other items. However, @entity1 separation failed to improve following the deletion of this item. Targeting was -0.46 logits, indicating that the item difficulty was well suited to the @entity227 of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In its present form, the ICS is unsuitable for visual disability assessment in @entity1 awaiting @entity231 surgery. Other, better visual function questionnaires are available and preferred.

title: The impact of XXXX surgery questionnaire: re-evaluation using Rasch analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'person']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual abilities']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mediastinal lymph node staging (N-staging) is essential to optimize the treatment in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Transesophageal endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has recently been introduced as a complementary method. However, in most reports, EUS-FNA has been performed in @entity1 who have demonstrated enlarged lymph nodes (LNs) on CT findings. The yield of EUS/EUS-FNA in @entity1 without enlarged mediastinal LNs by CT has so far only been evaluated in a few reports. AIMS: Our aim was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CT and EUS with or without EUS-FNA (EUS/EUS-FNA) prospectively, for N-stage in all @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity1149 , including @entity1 with and without mediastinal LN enlargement based on CT findings. METHODS: Eighty consecutive @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity1149 based on CT findings were enrolled in this prospective comparative study, and underwent EUS/EUS-FNA. RESULTS: Pathological N-stage was established in 78 @entity1 , while in another 2 cases, @entity3483 was proven by EUS-FNA, and we avoided further N-staging. In the 78 @entity1 , the prevalence of malignant mediastinal LNs was 21%. The accuracy of EUS/EUS-FNA (91%) was significantly higher than that of CT (71%). The negative predictive value of EUS/EUS-FNA was 90%. In addition, EUS-FNA identified 2 @entity1 as N3 disease in 56 @entity1 without mediastinal LN involvement on CT. CONCLUSIONS: EUS/EUS-FNA gave more accurate N-staging in @entity1 with possibly resectable @entity1149 than CT, and is thus considered to be useful to determine the optimal treatment strategy.

title: Mediastinal lymph node staging in potentially resectable XXXX : a prospective comparison of CT and EUS/EUS-FNA.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autopsies may be used to know the causes of @entity204 in population. In Navarra, the number of @entity1 who died by @entity5 and were autopsied has increased. A similar pattern appeared in other communities. METHODS: We reviewed 2,643 autopsies performed in the main hospitals of Navarra. In each autopsy, age, sex, existence of primary @entity5 , and its histologic type and localization were analyzed. The results were compared to the statistics of mortality of the Tumoral Register of Navarra. The modifications from 1980 to 1988 were studied. RESULTS: There is a significant increase of autopsy and mortality by @entity5 in Navarra. In autopsy cases, there is a high incidence of @entity694 and @entity1125 . The incidence in all @entity5 dead @entity1 is similar being greater in @entity1125 and @entity788 . The percentage of autopsies in @entity1 over 60 years of age is decreased, but it has increased in all @entity5 dead @entity1 of the same group of age in the community of Navarra. In the autopsies of @entity1 over 60 years of age there has been a rise in @entity0 , while there has been a general increase in all dead @entity1 . In all deaths of @entity1 under 60 years of age, there has been a decrease, but in autopsy cases there has been an increase of @entity694 . CONCLUSIONS: In autopsy series from 1980 to 1988, @entity5 deaths increased significantly. There is not relationship between @entity5 dead @entity1 and autopsy cases in the studied data. In @entity1125 , there is an increase in autopsy cases and @entity5 dead @entity1 . Discrepancies between the number of deaths of @entity5 @entity1 and autopsy @entity1 revealed that the performance of autopsy depends of multiple causes.

title: [Changes in autopsies in XXXX in Navarra from 1980 to 1988].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['hepato-biliary carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Canadian Best Practice Recommendations for @entity64 Care suggest that (1) all @entity1 with @entity64 should be screened for @entity73 and (2) @entity1 who are detected as having @entity73 on a screening test should receive additional cognitive assessment. The purpose of this study is to determine whether care in an Ontario @entity64 rehabilitation facility is consistent with these recommendations. METHODS: @entity64 @entity1 discharged from an @entity64 rehabilitation program located in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, from May to October 2009 were included in this study. Charts were reviewed to identify current screening and assessment practices. The percentages of @entity1 formally screened and/or assessed as well as differences between those who were and were not screened are reported. RESULTS: The study included 123 @entity1 (62 male; mean age = 67.3,SD 15.1). During inpatient rehabilitation, 82.9% of @entity1 were screened using a formal cognitive screening instrument. @entity1 with @entity73 were significantly less likely to be screened than those with intact cognitive and communicative abilities. Although 77.5% of those screened scored below the threshold for @entity73 , evidence of referral for a comprehensive cognitive assessment was found for only 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of @entity1 were screened for @entity73 while in inpatient rehabilitation, few @entity1 were referred for a comprehensive diagnostic examination. On the basis of these results from a single @entity64 rehabilitation unit, it appears that specific @entity73 are likely underidentified in @entity64 rehabilitation @entity1 in Ontario.

title: Adherence to Canadian Best Practice Recommendations for @entity64 Care: vascular @entity73 screening and assessment practices in an Ontario XXXX rehabilitation facility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive and/or communication deficits']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['inpatient stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['inpatient stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the characterization of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and to correlate DKI parameters with @entity5 cellularity. Fifty-nine @entity1 with pathologically diagnosed ccRCCs were evaluated by DKI on a 3-T scanner. Regions of interest were drawn on the maps of the @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). All ccRCCs were histologically graded according to the Fuhrman classification system. @entity5 cellularity was measured by the nuclear-to-cytoplasm (N/C) ratio and the number of @entity5 cell nuclei (NTCN). ccRCCs were classified as grade 1 (n   =   23), grade 2 (n   =   24), grade 3 (n   =   10) and grade 4 (n   =   3). Both @entity1893 and @entity1893 could readily discriminate between normal renal parenchyma and ccRCCs (p   <   0.001), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that @entity1893 exhibited a better performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.874 and sensitivity/specificity of 68.33%/100% (p   <   0.001). Further, @entity1893 and @entity1893 were significantly different between grade 1 and grades 3 and 4 (p   =   0.01, p   <   0.001) and between grade 2 and grades 3 and 4 (p   =   0.015, p   <   0.005), respectively. However, no significant difference was found between grade 1 and grade 2 (p   >   0.05) for both @entity1893 and @entity1893 . With regard to NTCN, no significant difference was found between any two grades (p   >   0.05), and the N/C ratio changed significantly with grade (p   <   0.01, between any two grades). Negative correlations were found between @entity1893 and @entity1893 (r   =   -0.56, p   <   0.001), and between @entity1893 and N/C ratio (r   =   -0.36, p   <   0.005), whereas @entity1893 and the N/C ratio were positively correlated (r   =   0.45, p   =   0.003). DKI could quantitatively characterize @entity1358 with different grades by probing non-Gaussian diffusion properties related to changes in the @entity5 microenvironment or tissue complexities in the @entity5 . Copyright    2016 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Characterization of @entity1358 with diffusion kurtosis imaging: correlation between diffusion kurtosis parameters and XXXX cellularity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MK', 'mean diffusion kurtosis', 'mean diffusion coefficient', 'MD']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 have an increased risk of @entity14 . However, there is limited information on the outcome for @entity6 @entity1 diagnosed with this type of @entity5 . METHODS: The health records of all 1 194 @entity1 treated for @entity14 at Levanger Hospital from 1980-2004 were reviewed. @entity6 status and prognostic factors were registered. Primary endpoints were @entity5 specific survival and overall survival. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between @entity6 @entity1 and non- @entity6 @entity1 concerning stage, grade, treatment, @entity281 , hospital stay, or 30 days mortality after laparotomy. After a curative resection, the estimated 5-year @entity5 specific survival in 97 @entity6 @entity1 was 73% (95% CI 60-87) and 79% (95% CI 75-82) in 1097 non- @entity6 @entity1 (not significant). The estimated overall 5-year survival in @entity1 treated with curative intent was 46% (95% CI 33-59) in @entity6 @entity1 and 65% (95% CI 62-69) in non- @entity6 @entity1 (p<0.001). The @entity6 @entity1 were significantly older and more frequently had @entity299 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 did not affect the short-term survival or the @entity5 specific survival. A shorter overall survival was associated with @entity299 and higher age.

title: XXXX and outcomes of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infective or non-infective postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Previous studies have reported that @entity25473 (NP) can advance the age at vaginal opening in prepubertal @entity35 . A significant exposure levels of NP was found in Taiwanese population even from the prenatal stage. The purposes of this study are to examine the urinary NP concentration of pubertal students in Taiwan and to explore its association with the development of secondary sexual characteristics. 786 pubertal students were recruited. The NP was determined using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data on occurrence of secondary sexual characteristics in the subjects. About 30% of the urine samples were positively detected. The NP concentrations ranged from @entity11702 to 178.25 microg g(-1) cr. Fifteen percent of the Taiwanese @entity1 between 10.5 and 10.9 years old reported having undergone menarche, which was higher than the white @entity1 (4.6%) and the black @entity1 (8%). There was no significant difference of urinary NP levels between groups of having and not having secondary sexual characteristics because body mass index (BMI) had significant effects on sexual development. After adjusting the effect of age and BMI, the menarcheal age remained inversely correlated with the increase of urinary NP levels. @entity1301 exposure could disturb pubertal development and the pubertal @entity1 seem more sensitive than pubertal @entity1 to the exposure of endocrine disruption chemicals (EDCs). The effects of early maturation as well as the health implications need further study.

title: Association between XXXX exposure and development of secondary sexual characteristics.

entities_list: @entity25473 :: ('CHEBI:34440', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nonylphenol']

entities_list: @entity1301 :: ('MESH:C025256', 'Chemical') :: ['Nonylphenol']

answer: @entity1301 :: (MESH:C025256,Chemical) :: ['nonylphenol']


abstract: Seven @entity1 with symptomatic @entity439 involving the petrous segment of the internal carotid artery were treated by endovascular techniques (six @entity1 ) or surgical ligation (one @entity1 ). @entity1 ' ages at the time of treatment ranged from 7 to 62 years (mean, 30 years). The presenting symptoms were @entity158 (seven @entity1 ), eighth @entity129 (three @entity1 ), seventh @entity129 (one @entity1 ), fifth @entity129 (two @entity1 ), and bruit (one @entity1 ). Two @entity1 , ages 7 and 19, respectively, presented with giant, partially thrombosed @entity439 and had @entity5043 of the body ipsilateral to the side of the @entity439 . Only one @entity1 had a history of @entity130 ; @entity439 in the remaining @entity1 were presumed to be congenital in origin. In one @entity1 with a @entity439 , a balloon could be navigated into the @entity439 , obliterating it but preserving the parent artery. The remaining six @entity1 had @entity439 with intraluminal @entity715 and underwent proximal occlusion (four @entity1 ) or trapping procedure (two @entity1 ). In all @entity1 , symptoms were alleviated after @entity715 of the @entity439 . The only complication was a transient @entity227 in a hypercoagulable @entity1 , occurring after @entity432 . Petrous carotid @entity439 can produce a wide clinical spectrum of signs and symptoms in younger @entity1 ; these @entity439 frequently are fusiform and contain chronic @entity715 . They can be treated effectively by endovascular or surgical occlusive procedures.

title: @entity439 of the petrous portion of the internal carotid artery: results of treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity5043 :: ('MESH:D005150', 'Disease') :: ['hemiatrophy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'saccular aneurysm', 'petrous aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'fusiform aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['endovascular or surgical occlusion']


abstract: We investigated parasite establishment, subsequent larval development and antibody responses in gerbils, @entity2708 @entity35 and 4 inbred @entity19 strains until 16 weeks post inoculation (p.i.) with 200 eggs of @entity2328 . The rate of parasite establishment in the liver determined at 4 weeks p.i. was highest in DBA/2, followed by AKR/N, C57BL/10 and C57BL/6 @entity19 , whereas gerbils harboured few parasite foci. The accurate number of @entity409 in @entity2708 @entity35 could not be determined due to rapid growth and advanced multivesiculation of the parasite observed at 2 weeks p.i. The course of larval development was most advanced in DBA/2 @entity19 with mature protoscolex formation at 16 weeks p.i., followed by AKR/N harbouring metacestodes with sparsely distributed immature protoscoleces. On the other hand, C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 @entity19 had infertile metacestodes without any protoscolex formation. The parasite growth in @entity19 was totally slower than those in gerbils and @entity2708 rats. Specific IgG and IgM responses against 3 types of native crude antigens of larval @entity2328 were evaluated using somatic extracts of and vesicle fluid of metacestode, and somatic extracts from purified protoscoleces. The 4 @entity19 strains demonstrated basically similar kinetics with apparent IgG and IgM increases at 9 weeks p.i. and thereafter, except C57BL/10, exhibited higher levels of IgM against crude antigens at some time point of @entity281 . On the other hand, a follow-up determination of specific IgG and IgM levels against recombinant antigens from larval @entity2328 revealed that each @entity19 showed different antibody-level kinetics. The findings in the present study demonstrate that the course of host-parasite interactions in primary @entity4281 , caused by larval @entity2328 , clearly varies among intermediate host rodents with different genetic backgrounds.

title: Primary @entity4281 : course of larval development and antibody responses in intermediate host rodents with different genetic backgrounds after @entity281 with eggs of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2328 :: ('6211', 'Species') :: ['E. multilocularis', 'Echinococcus multilocularis']

entities_list: @entity4281 :: ('MESH:C536591', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar echinococcosis']

answer: @entity2328 :: (6211,Species) :: ['Echinococcus multilocularis']


abstract: @entity1581 account for 1% of all @entity5 and 10% of @entity1583 . About 5% of @entity1 with a @entity1581 present with either @entity79 ( @entity79 ) or, less commonly, a soft tissue mass, @entity8709 ( @entity8709 ) of monoclonal plasma cells. In this study we present the clinical features, management and outcome of 60 @entity1 with @entity6872 , who constituted 5.6% of 1129 @entity1 with @entity1581 treated over a 10-year period at All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Median age was 49 years. Fifty-two had @entity79 and eight had @entity8709 . Forty-nine (82%) @entity1 received radiotherapy with or without surgical excision or chemotherapy. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 45.5% and 91%, respectively. Median EFS and @entity1349 were 38 and 122 months, respectively. Five-year survival rates in @entity1 who developed multiple @entity1582 and those who did not were 81% and 100%, respectively. The median time of progression to @entity1582 was 21 months.

title: XXXX : 10 years' experience at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['Plasma cell dyscrasias', 'plasma cell dyscrasias', 'plasma cell dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['solitary plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['solitary bone plasmacytoma', 'SBP']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity8709 :: ('MESH:C537514', 'Disease') :: ['extramedullary plasmacytoma', 'EMP']

answer: @entity6872 :: (MESH:D010954,Disease) :: ['Solitary plasmacytoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in conjunction with @entity120 (PH) is frequently associated with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, determining the @entity1 prognosis. Compensatory mechanisms for @entity67 have not been previously evaluated in detail. Since @entity460 dependent right atrial (RA) dynamics are a surrogate for RA contractile properties, the present study examined the @entity460 dependency of RA tissue obtained from @entity1 with or without postcapillary PH. In total, 15 @entity1 with PH (PH group; mean age, 70.7  7.2 years) and 10 @entity1 without postcapillary PH (non-PH group; mean age, 55.7  11.8 years) who were scheduled to undergo elective left heart valve surgery were included in the current study. @entity460 concentration (pCa; shown as the negative log10) against force curves were generated, while LV and RV function was evaluated by echocardiography. Echocardiography data revealed a significantly reduced LV function in the PH group, while the RV function was preserved in the two groups, precluding overt @entity67 . In the PH group, significantly reduced force values were detected at high pCa values when compared with the non-PH group force, indicating @entity73 . Furthermore, reduced @entity460 sensitivity was observed (which was determined as the pCa at half maximal activation) in the PH group, and the presence of a compensatory mechanism for reduced force capacity was hypothesized. In conclusion, the preliminary results of the current study showed @entity73 contractile properties in postcapillary @entity101 with preserved RV function. The diminished RA compensatory mechanisms may lead to accelerated @entity67 in the clinical course of postcapillary PH.

title: Right atrial contractile dynamics are impaired in XXXX with @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired RA', 'impaired RA function']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['postcapillary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over the past 10 years, we have seen major advances in urological imaging including developments in digital imaging, ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT) scanning. All of these have had an impact on the management of urinary tract stone disease. In parallel with these, we have witnessed a greater appreciation of the potential harm of irradiation exposure. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the impact of imaging in @entity1791 treatment planning in 2013. RECENT FINDINGS: A variety of imaging modalities are reviewed with a focus on the latest research and developments. Advances do not always improve quality, and the deterioration in digital KUB sensitivity is discussed. The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of stone disease is explored as a clinically valuable alternative to ionizing radiation. The explosion of interest in cross-sectional imaging for @entity1791 (extending from the evaluation of @entity158 , characterization of stone composition through to complex three-dimensional reconstructions of the pelvicalyceal system for surgical planning) is reviewed. SUMMARY: A detailed understanding of the performance of all the imaging modalities available to the stone surgeon in 2013 is vital in order to offer well tolerated and effective imaging strategies for all stages of the @entity1 journey. CT has developed a pre-eminent role in the diagnosis of @entity28739 , it has also found favour as a valuable surgical planning tool and is being advocated in the surveillance protocols. However, we must keep in mind the risks of radiation exposure in a @entity1 population characterized by youth and a susceptibility to repeated @entity697 .

title: Impact of imaging in XXXX treatment planning.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease episodes']

entities_list: @entity28739 :: ('MESH:D014545', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stone disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['loin pain']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2643 has been implicated as a risk factor for @entity647 ( @entity647 ) and @entity649 ( @entity649 ) when used in the hospital. This study aims to estimate whether prehospital @entity2643 also increases the risk of @entity647 / @entity649 . MATERIALS: Adult @entity1 admitted to 22 centers with at least 1 risk factor for developing @entity647 were recruited. In a secondary analysis of this cohort, the prehospital use of @entity2643 was documented on admission, and the @entity1 followed for the primary outcome of @entity647 and secondary outcomes of @entity649 , the need for invasive ventilation, and mortality. Dose/duration of @entity2643 therapy was not available. Propensity matching was performed to account for imbalances in being assigned to @entity2643 . The adjusted risk for @entity647 / @entity649 was then estimated from a conditional logistic regression model of this propensity-matched set. RESULTS: Forty of 5584 @entity1 were on @entity2643 at the time of hospitalization; of those, 6 developed @entity647 , with 5 progressing to @entity649 . In comparison, 371 @entity1 not on @entity2643 developed @entity647 , with 224 having @entity649 . After propensity score matching, the prehospital use of @entity2643 was not statistically associated with an increased risk for all @entity647 (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-5.0; P = .25), invasive ventilation (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.6; P = .059), or in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5-2.9; P = .75); but its use appeared to significantly increase the risk for @entity649 (OR 3.8; 95% CI, 1.1-13.1; P = .036). CONCLUSIONS: Prehospital use of @entity2643 may independently increase the risk for @entity649 in @entity1 who have at least 1 predisposing condition for @entity647 .

title: Prehospital XXXX may increase the incidence of @entity649 among @entity1 at risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: A new @entity1 cell line (Wa-2) derived from an extrarenal @entity5606 has been established. The cell line grows as a monolayer consisting of round- and spindle-shaped cells. Injection of cells into @entity19 results in the growth of solid @entity5 within 2 wk of inoculation. These solid @entity5 have the microscopic appearance similar to that of the original @entity5 from which the cell line was derived. Moreover, the @entity5 cells have all the features of @entity5606 , including the intracytoplasmatic hyaline globules, large prominent nucleoli, and inclusion bodies made up of whorls of fibrillary material. @entity5 cells stain positive for @entity2277 , cytokeratin, actin, and desmin and negative for @entity5632 and @entity3508 . Karyotyping of the cell line at different passages and cells derived from the @entity5 consistently revealed a diploid number of chromosomes with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 18 and 22 [t(18;22) (q21;p11.2)]. In fibroblasts derived from the @entity1 , no translocation could be found. Culturing the cells in the presence of @entity9864 induces differentiation, characterized by the outgrowth of neuron-like processes and the morphological appearance of cells similar to neuroblasts. Southern blot analysis showed no amplification of the @entity4180 oncogene. Since no published cell line derived from @entity5606 exists, this cell line should be helpful to further elucidate the biology and histological origin of the @entity5606 .

title: Establishment and characterization of a cell line (Wa-2) derived from an extrarenal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Transplanted tumor', 'tumor', 'transplant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdoid tumors', 'malignant rhabdoid tumor', 'rhabdoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity9864 :: ('CHEBI:28680', 'Chemical') :: ['1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine']

answer: @entity5606 :: (MESH:D018335,Disease) :: ['rhabdoid tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Progression of neointimal stent coverage (NSC) and changes in @entity715 were evaluated serially by coronary angioscopy for up to 2 years after @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) implantation. DESIGN: Serial angioscopic observations were performed in 20 segments of 20 @entity1 at baseline, and at 6 months and 2 years after SES implantation. NSC was classified as follows: 0, uncovered struts; 1, visible struts through thin neointima; or 2, no visible struts. In each @entity1 , maximum and minimum NSC was evaluated. Existence of @entity715 was also examined. RESULTS: The maximum NSC increased from 6 months to 2 years (1.2 (0.4) vs 1.8 (0.4), respectively, p = 0.005), while the minimum NSC did not change (0.7 (0.5) vs 0.8 (0.4), respectively, p = 0.25). The prevalence of @entity1 with uncovered struts did not decrease from 6 months to 2 years (35% vs 20%, respectively, p = 0.29). Although there were no @entity715 -related adverse events, new @entity715 formation was found in one @entity1 (5%) at the 6-month, and in four @entity1 (20%) at the 2-year follow-up evaluations. Frequencies of @entity715 inside the SES at baseline, 6 months and 2 years did not differ one from another (40%, 40% and 30%, respectively; p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: Neointimal growth inside the SES progressed heterogeneously. Uncovered struts persisted in 20% of the @entity1 for up to 2 years and subclinical @entity715 formation was not a rare phenomenon.

title: Serial long-term evaluation of neointimal stent coverage and @entity715 after XXXX -eluting stent implantation by use of coronary angioscopy.

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: The @entity8613 @entity268 and @entity6708 are important intracellular messengers involved in a wide variety of signal transduction events in the nervous system. It has been proposed that @entity268 / @entity6708 elicit some of their effects through direct gating of a novel class of @entity141 -permeable ion channels that are termed cyclic @entity377 -gated (CNG) channels. Previous studies have identified the expression of a gene encoding one major CNG channel subtype, the olfactory receptor neuron alpha subunit, in the brain [El-Husseini et al. (1995) NeuroReport 6:1331-1335; Kingston et al. (1996a) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93:10440-10445; Bradley et al. (1997) J. Neurosci. 17:1993-2085]. We, therefore, proposed that the actions of @entity268 / @entity6708 on neurons in the brain might occur through the activation of these CNG channels. To determine how widespread such a function might be, the regional and cellular distribution of the olfactory CNG channel alpha subunit has been examined in detail. Primers for multiple portions of the olfactory CNG channel were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify cDNA reverse-transcribed from several brain regions. The identities of PCR products were confirmed with Southern blots and by sequencing. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated localization of CNG channel mRNA in discrete neuronal populations throughout the brain. In agreement with previous work, relatively strong hybridization signals are present in neuronal cell bodies of the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, and brainstem. Additionally, somewhat lesser signals are found in thalamus, @entity2339 , midbrain, and spinal cord while no hybridization signal was detectable in the caudate nucleus. This surprisingly wide distribution throughout the @entity35 brain strengthens the hypothesis that CNG channels may influence numerous processes as downstream effectors of cyclic @entity377 cascades. Interestingly, the distribution of CNG channels is very similar to that of the @entity842 / @entity6708 system, suggesting that one function of CNG channels in the brain could be to link diffusible messengers to elevated @entity141 entry into neurons.

title: Widespread expression of olfactory cyclic XXXX -gated channel genes in @entity35 brain: implications for neuronal signalling.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity8613 :: ('MESH:D009712', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: The author discusses the problem of surgical treatment of @entity6623 situated in basal ganglia and diencephalon. @entity1462 in this area were found in 7.5% of cases in a group of 80 @entity1 with @entity6623 . In all 6 cases the onset of the disease was sudden with @entity548 , prolonged @entity772 and @entity1158 . The @entity600 had usually the features of @entity2758 . The afferent vessels come usually from the medial short and long vessels branching off from the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, the choroid arteries and the posterior communicating artery. The author isolated two types of @entity600 differing in their situation, shape and range of vascularization. In the "subventricular" type situated within the nucleus caudatus and lenticularis, internal capsule and thalamus the @entity600 can be exposed well from the approach through the lateral ventricle. The @entity2695 situated nearer to the base of hemisphere (the parabasal type), in the diencephalon, in the area of the olfactory triangle, substantia perforata anterior and even crus cerebri can be exposed best using the subfrontal approach. The author believes that in many cases of these @entity600 regarded usually as inoperable, radical operation can be done with selective removal of @entity2695 by means of microsurgery. This procedure was applied in 2 cases (Fig. 2 and 3).

title: [ XXXX of blood vessels supplying the basal ganglia and the diencephalon].

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous angioma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['meningocerebral haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['angiomas', 'angioma']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity6623 :: ('MESH:D020787', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial angiomas']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular malformations']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['Angiomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3377 , especially caused by @entity6467 , is considered the most-widespread zoonosis in the world, particularly in developing countries. This study was planned to develop an accurate test for diagnosis of ovine @entity3377 using a specific hot saline extracted soluble @entity6467 periplasmic proteins (SBPPs). The efficacy of the latex agglutination test (LAT) using SBPPs compared to the Rose Bengal test (RBT), buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT), @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) was evaluated in the field diagnosis of ovine @entity3377 . The test performance was evaluated by estimating sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), negative predictive value (NPV), disease prevalence (DP), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) using test agreement and bacteriological culture in 1777 samples. The false-positive result was significantly (P    0.05) lower in LAT than RBT, BPAT, @entity1062 , and i-ELISA. With reference to test agreement, the Se, Sp, @entity2286 , and PLR were highest (P    0.05) in LAT 99.33%, 99.88%, 98.68%, and 827.25%, respectively. With reference to bacteriological culture, the LAT and i-ELISA tests showed a significant difference in Se with @entity1062 . However, no significant difference in specificity was detected. The DP was 8.44% in the five tests. In conclusion, LAT using SBPPs of @entity6467 could be a suitable serodiagnostic field test for ovine @entity3377 , with high sensitivity and specificity.

title: Latex agglutination using the periplasmic proteins antigen of XXXX is a successful, rapid, and specific serodiagnostic test for ovine @entity3377 .

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis', 'Brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['SAT', 'serum agglutination test']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis', 'B. melitensis']

answer: @entity6467 :: (29459,Species) :: ['Brucella melitensis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this epidemiological study was to evaluate the current treatment status as well as the acceptance of medication and satisfaction with life in outpatients with @entity162 in Germany. METHODS: Data for this cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was collected between February 15th, 2006 and May 31st, 2006. Three hundreds six @entity162 outpatients under routine treatment conditions were included in the study. Forty one practicing psychiatrists used a clinical interview to evaluate the current treatment status, acceptance of current medication, and current life satisfaction. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 suffered from "pure" @entity162 (50.6%), followed by 23.0% with "pure" @entity162 . Apart from these @entity1 , 12.9% of all @entity1 had a history of mixed episodes and 5.6% a history of rapid cycling. Mean duration of @entity162 was 10.6 years. The majority of @entity1 (54.3%) received psychopharmacological monotherapy. Combination therapy was administered in 45.9% of the @entity1 , 39.3% receiving two agents, and 6.6% three agents. Antidepressants (64.1%) were the most common combination medications. Monotherapy was used preferably in bipolar-I- (62.7%) and @entity162 (56.2%), combination therapy predominantly in @entity1 with a history of mixed episodes (57.7%) and rapid cycling (55.0%). Half of the @entity1 (49.2%) were able to hold an occupation. 84.2% of all @entity1 were satisfied with their medication. Overall, @entity1 evaluated their life satisfaction between "good" and "satisfactory" (2.69 according to German school grades where 1 is the highest and 6 the lowest mark). @entity1 receiving @entity1091 , @entity1092 or antidepressants as monotherapy rated above the mean, @entity1 with combination therapy, @entity2049 monotherapy or medications summarized as "others" rated below the mean. CONCLUSION: Most of the German outpatients received a pharmacotherapy that is recommended in the guidelines of @entity162 . The use of (atypical) antipsychotics was low. Conversely, the incidence of treatment with tricyclic antidepressants (not guideline compatible), was observed to be relatively high. Irrespective of their medication, in Germany @entity1 with @entity162 show a high acceptance of their pharmacotherapy, and rate their life satisfaction as high. Nonetheless, half of the evaluated @entity1 were not able to pursue a profession. Besides the disease age, gender and family life e.g., @entity1 care may also play a confounding role regarding the unemployment statistics.

title: Psychopharmacological treatment status in outpatients with XXXX : a clinical survey in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar-I-disorder', 'bipolar-II-disorders', 'bipolar-II-disorder', 'bipolar euthymic']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consistent with fear-avoidance models of @entity998 and @entity158 , past research has demonstrated that, among adults living in the community, @entity158 result in activity restriction and predict functional outcomes including falls (possibly because self-imposed activity restriction, due to fear of @entity158 or @entity998 , can lead to muscular decline and deconditioning). Among seniors with @entity303 , who rely on others for their care, decisions concerning activity restrictions are made by caregivers. As such, caregivers' fear about the possibility of care recipient falls and @entity158 is important to examine. OBJECTIVE: In this investigation of @entity1 with @entity303 , our goal was to conduct a longitudinal investigation of the relationship between professional caregivers' fears (about the possibility that care recipients will experience falls and @entity158 ) with long-term care (LTC) resident functional ability and falls. METHODS: For the purposes of our 3-month longitudinal study, nurses' and special care aides' fears that specific residents might experience @entity158 and falls were examined. Resident functional ability was assessed, based on an established and well-validated caregiver-administered questionnaire, both before and after the 3-month period. @entity998 sustained by residents were recorded. RESULTS: After controlling for physical risk factors for @entity998 and functional ability at the beginning of the study, caregiver fears that residents might experience @entity158 or falls were found to be predictive of restraint/restriction use. In turn, the use of restraints/restrictions was found to be predictive of future functional ability of residents with @entity303 (after controlling for functional ability at the beginning of the study) and injurious falls (after controlling for physical risk factors for @entity998 ). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to apply a modified fear-avoidance model of falls and @entity158 to seniors with @entity303 who reside in LTC facilities. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering caregiver fears concerning falls and @entity158 , when developing programs designed to optimize the use of physical restrictions (to prevent falls and minimize functional decline) in LTC facilities.

title: Caregiver fear of XXXX and functional ability among seniors residing in long-term care facilities.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'excessive fear of falling and fear of pain']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['Falls and fall-related injuries', 'falling']

answer: @entity998 :: (MESH:D002303,Disease) :: ['falling']