abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 (age 0-11 months) with disseminated @entity521 are known to have a better prognosis than older @entity1 with the disease, but there is little information regarding factors that influence the outcome of the disease in these @entity1 . METHODS: The authors report a series of 110 @entity1 with disseminated @entity521 with disease diagnosed between March 1976 and February 1991 in 21 institutions participating in the Italian Cooperative Group on @entity521 (ICGNB). Of the 110 @entity1 , 34 had Stage IV disease, and 76 had Stage IV-S disease. RESULTS: The 5-year survival probability was 77% for all @entity1 , 71% for those with Stage IV disease, and 81% for those with Stage IV-S disease. Of the 34 @entity1 with Stage IV disease, the 9 who were 5 months or younger at the time of disease diagnosis are all alive (1 with active disease) at 7-143 months after diagnosis, whereas of the 25 @entity1 who were 6-11 months of age at the time of disease diagnosis, 10 have died. Of the 76 @entity1 with Stage IV-S disease, 12/64 who were 5 months of age or younger at the time of disease diagnosis died (mostly of massive @entity382 ); 9 of these @entity204 occurred in @entity1 with disease diagnosed before they were 2 months old, whereas 1 @entity204 occurred in the 12 @entity1 with disease diagnosed when they were 6-11 months old. Four @entity1 with Stage IV-S disease achieved @entity66 and subsequently had relapse of disease. High levels of serum LDH and low urinary excretion of @entity17081 were associated with worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The authors suggest that @entity1 older than 6 months of age who have Stage IV disease require aggressive therapy. For @entity1 with disease diagnosed before they are 2 months old, Stage IV-S disease may have a worse prognosis than Stage IV disease.

title: Disseminated neuroblastoma (stage IV and IV-S) in the first year of life. Outcome related to age and stage. Italian Cooperative Group on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complete disease remission']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanillylmandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastoma']


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity1 presented with endometrial cells on a pap smear and underwent endometrial curettage. The specimen revealed secretory endometrium and a possible @entity1478 . In addition, a single 4 mm fragment of well-differentiated @entity420 was found. Tissue identity DNA genotyping was performed and the @entity420 tissue fragment showed a drastically different allelic pattern from that of the background endometrium. To confirm tissue contamination, genotyping of three other @entity5 specimens-probable sources for a contaminant-was performed but failed to identify a match. Without confirmation of contamination, a second endometrial curettage was obtained from the @entity1 , in which similar @entity420 tissue was once again found. Further workup demonstrated that the @entity1 had a @entity124 ( @entity124 ) @entity1204 by immunohistochemistry and molecular testing. The @entity1 subsequently underwent staging surgery, which revealed an early-stage, well-differentiated @entity4348 . This case study illustrates an uncommon, yet important caveat of tissue identity testing by DNA genotyping, where @entity124 instability can significantly alter the allelic pattern of DNA polymorphisms in the @entity5 genome, leading to erroneous conclusion regarding the tissue identity. Awareness of this phenomenon is crucial for a molecular pathologist to avoid interpretation errors of tissue identity testing in a @entity5 diagnostic workup.

title: Cancerous 'floater': a lesson learned about tissue identity testing, @entity1204 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite unstable']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyp']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity124 :: (MESH:D053842,Disease) :: ['microsatellite instability']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2335 is clinically diagnosed entity, characterized by @entity146 and @entity158 . It is reported that up to 10% of @entity1 are refractory to conservative management. In these @entity1 ' supratrigonal cystectomy and @entity1494 has been used. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of our series of @entity1 that underwent this surgical technique due they were suffering @entity2335 refractory to conservative treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of @entity1 that underwent supratrigonal cystectomy and @entity1494 in our hospital between 1999 and 2006. Mictional rhythm, pre and postoperative bladder capacity measured by cystodistention, postoperative bladder capacity measured as mictional volume, surgical complications and the degree of satisfaction of @entity1 measured by means of application of a survey were recorded. Mictional rhythms and pre and postoperative bladder capacity were compared. RESULTS: 15 interventions were performed. Mean preoperative bladder capacity was 125 cc, Mean preoperative mictional rhythm was 30.5 times a day. There were perioperative complications in 5 @entity1 . The mean postoperative mictional volume was 355 cc and mean frequency was 8.26. When comparing pre and postoperative rythms and urinary volume there were statistically significant differences (p:0.0008 y p:0.0007 respectively). Regarding the survey, 13 @entity1 were satisfied in terms of mictional frequency and 11 @entity1 were satisfied in terms of @entity158 .

title: [Enterocystoplasty for XXXX . Deferred results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder enlargement enterocystoplasty']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritative bladder symptoms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['suprapubic pain']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial cystitis', 'interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['interstitial cystitis']


abstract: Susceptibility to develop @entity191 has been linked to abnormalities of P450 enzyme function. Multiple P450 enzymes are expressed in brain but the relationship of these to @entity191 is unknown. We have investigated the expression of P450 enzymes in the @entity35 substantia nigra and their co-localization in @entity669 hydroxylase-positive neurons and astrocytes. Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-peptide antisera against the following P450 enzymes: @entity7772 , @entity7771 , @entity4921 /2, @entity13233 , @entity51715 /2C6, @entity20439 , @entity22934 , @entity11920 , @entity7570 , @entity12284 and @entity1110 -P450 oxidoreductase. Immunoreactivity in nigral cells was found only for @entity11920 and @entity51715 /2C6. @entity11920 immunoreactivity was localized to many midbrain nuclei including the substantia nigra pars compacta but not the substantia nigra pars reticulata while immunoreactivity to @entity51715 /2C6 was found in the substantia nigra pars compacta, substantia nigra pars reticulata and many other midbrain nuclei. Sections of @entity35 midbrain double labelled for either @entity11920 or @entity51715 /2C6 and @entity669 hydroxylase or glial fibrillary acidic protein were examined for co-localization by confocal laser scanning microscopy. @entity11920 and @entity51715 /2C6 immunoreactivity was found in @entity669 hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta but not in glial cells. @entity51715 /2C6, but not @entity11920 , was also found in non-glial, non- @entity669 hydroxylase-expressing cells in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Isoniazid induction increased @entity11920 fluorescence signal intensity from nigral dopaminergic neurons. At least two P450 enzymes are found in nigral @entity935 containing cells and one, namely @entity11920 , is selectively localized to this cell population. @entity11920 is a potent generator of free radicals which may contribute to nigral pathology in @entity191 . The expression of @entity11920 in dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra raises the possibility of a causal association with @entity191 .

title: Co-localization of P450 enzymes in the XXXX substantia nigra with @entity669 hydroxylase.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The authors report their cumulative experience of 19 @entity1 with what was previously called @entity5 ( @entity5 ) but is now considered a true @entity706 and termed @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ). The median age at diagnosis was 10 years and 6 months (range 2 y, 11 m, to 15 y). There were 13 males and 6 females. Most cases presented with fever, @entity5653 and enlarged, often tender, lymph nodes. Other features were: fleeting cutaneous rashes in 7 cases; spontaneous regression of lymph nodes and @entity272 were seen in 5 @entity1 . Bone marrow involvement was present in 3 cases, pulmonary infiltrate in 5, kidneys in 2, and central nervous system in none. The morphology of lymph node involvement was consistent with so-called @entity5 , a description originally applied to sinuso  dal infiltration by large "histiocytic" cells. The coexpression of lymphoid activation antigens @entity5823 / @entity5823 (18/19), epithelial membrane antigen EMA (18/19) and interleukin-2 receptor/ @entity2902 (10/10) was the unifying immunopathologic feature of the @entity5 . Lineage antigens were not identifiable in 8/19 instances (null phenotype), while 10/19 expressed a T-cell phenotype. None of the @entity5 expressed histiocytic markers. After variable, but intensive, combination chemotherapy, 15 @entity1 out of 18 evaluable achieved complete remission (CR). Among all @entity1 , thirteen are still alive in CR (ten in first CR) with a median follow-up of 5 years. This evaluation in the pediatric age group reinforces that so-called @entity5 is a @entity706 , a conceptual change that could lead to improved understanding and therapy.

title: Childhood XXXX @entity5823 / @entity5823 : clinicopathologic features of 19 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignant histiocytosis', 'MH', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['ALCL', 'anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity2108 :: (MESH:D017728,Disease) :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma']


abstract: Percutaneous transluminal dilatation was attempted in 65 @entity1 with @entity2792 . In five cases (8 percent), percutaneous transluminal dilatation could not be performed for technical reasons. In the remaining 60 @entity1 (35 with @entity731 and 25 with @entity4267 ), both mean systolic and diastolic pressure fell immediately after percutaneous transluminal dilatation and remained significantly lower for a period of up to five years. Cure rates after a mean control period of 21.6 months were higher in @entity1 with @entity4267 (50 percent) than in those with @entity731 (29 percent). Improvement of blood pressure was observed in 32 percent of @entity1 with @entity4267 and in 48 percent of @entity1 with @entity731 . Follow-up angiography in 33 cases showed occlusion of the dilated artery in two @entity1 and recurrence of slight @entity2791 in nine @entity1 . Successful redilatation could be performed in five of these cases. Furthermore, renal vein @entity916 determinations were only of limited diagnostic or prognostic value. These results document the good long-term effect of percutaneous transluminal dilatation in @entity1 with @entity2791 . Percutaneous transluminal dilatation should, therefore, be the favored procedure in @entity1 with @entity2792 .

title: Long-term experience in percutaneous transluminal dilatation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['renal artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of antibiotics in treatment of @entity1 with moderate exacerbations of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is uncertain, but such treatment might be useful in very severe episodes. Our objective was to assess the effects of @entity800 in @entity1 with exacerbations of @entity1030 who required mechanical ventilation. METHODS: We did a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 93 @entity1 with acute exacerbation of @entity1030 who required mechanical ventilation. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive oral @entity800 400 mg once daily (n=47) or placebo (46) for 10 days. Primary endpoints were @entity204 in hospital and need for an additional course of antibiotics, both separately and in combination. Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: Three @entity1 dropped out of the study. Two (4%) @entity1 receiving @entity800 died in hospital and ten (22%) did so in the placebo group (absolute risk reduction 17.5%, 95% CI 4.3-30.7, p=0.01). Treatment with @entity800 significantly reduced the need for additional courses of antibiotics (28.4%, 12.9-43.9, p=0.0006). The combined frequency of @entity204 in hospital and need for additional antibiotics was significantly lower in @entity1 assigned to @entity800 than in those receiving placebo (45.9%, 29.1-62.7, p<0.0001). The duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay was significantly shorter in the @entity800 group than in the placebo group (absolute difference 4.2 days, 95% CI 2.5-5.9; and 9.6 days, 3.4-12.8, respectively). INTERPRETATION: New @entity2887 , such as @entity800 , are beneficial in the treatment of @entity1030 exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation.

title: Once daily oral XXXX in @entity1030 exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['ofloxacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) such as @entity22403 ( @entity22403 ), @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ), and perforin ( @entity12734 ) genes. Thus, we aimed at analysing the influence of eight SNPs in these candidate genes on @entity309 susceptibility and their association with laboratory and clinical features in terms of response to anti- @entity310 therapy. METHODS: We performed a case-control study on 377 Caucasian @entity309 @entity1 and 391 healthy, ethnicity-matched, population-based controls. All subjects were genotyped for @entity22403 _89/94, @entity22403 _92, @entity22403 _104, @entity22403 _100 in @entity22403 ; @entity52536 and @entity52537 in @entity1096 and @entity52538 and @entity52539 in @entity12734 genes. The @entity1 were stratified for @entity24602 ( @entity24602 ) HLA-DRB1. rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) were analysed. The patients started anti- @entity310 treatment and they were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks. Disease activity was evaluated with DAS28 and response to treatment with EULAR criteria. RESULTS: A statistically significant association between @entity309 and @entity1096 -156G/GG was found (p=0.023). @entity24602 was firmly confirmed to be associated with @entity309 (OR=3.68; p<10-10). No other statistically significant association with clinical and laboratory features were observed. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, in an Italian cohort, we report the association between -156G/GG in @entity1096 gene and @entity309 susceptibility. Short-term response to anti- @entity310 therapy was not influenced by the genetic variants studied.

title: The role of eight polymorphisms in three candidate genes in determining the susceptibility, phenotype, and response to anti- @entity310 therapy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity52538 :: ('p|SUB|A|91|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A91V']

entities_list: @entity22403 :: ('23569', 'Gene') :: ['peptidylarginine deiminase-4', 'PADI4']

entities_list: @entity24602 :: ('MESH:D012753', 'Disease') :: ['shared epitope', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: From a series of 112 cases (64 @entity1 and 48 @entity1 , aged 37 - 91 years) of @entity6087 ( @entity6087 ) in a 2-year period from January 1998 to December 1999, we have prospectively studied a group of 30 @entity1 , who were managed non-operatively: 26 @entity1 were treated with @entity619 (Group 1) and four @entity1 expectantly (Group 4). Nineteen @entity1 (73%) from Group 1 were @entity911 or had focal @entity51 on admission. The mean maximum thickness of the @entity6087 was 12 mm. Only one of these cases (4%) required surgical drainage 6 weeks after @entity134 therapy. One @entity1 died of an unrelated @entity64 (mortality = 4%). Two @entity1 (8%) were left severely disabled. No significant complication from @entity134 therapy was documented. Out of the 85 surgically treated @entity1 , 69 @entity1 underwent surgical drainage in addition to @entity134 therapy (Group 2). Thirteen @entity1 were treated with burr-hole drainage only (Group 3). The mean maximum thickness of the @entity6087 for these two groups were both 16 mm. Comparing with group 1, the redrainage rate of Group 2 [4% (3/69, p = 1)] and that of Group 3 [15% (2/13, p = 0.253)] were not significantly different. 50% of @entity1 in Group 4 (2/4, p = 0.039) required delayed surgical drainage. The mortality rates of Groups 2, 3 and 4 were 3% (2/69, p = 1), 15% (2/13, p = 0.253) and 50% (2/4, p = 0.039), respectively. Our results suggest that @entity134 treatment in a selected group of @entity1 is a good option, particularly in @entity1 with co-morbidity.

title: Non-surgical primary treatment of XXXX : Preliminary results of using @entity619 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['chronic subdural haematoma', 'CSDH']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confused']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['chronic subdural haematoma']


abstract: @entity13627 (9-AC) was administered as a 72-h i.v. infusion every 2 weeks to a total of 99 adults with high-grade @entity816 . Fifty-one @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 multiforme received 9-AC treatment prior to radiation therapy and 48 @entity1 with high-grade @entity816 were treated at the time of @entity5 recurrence. Upon entrance into these research protocols, all @entity1 had measurable disease that was evaluated on a monthly basis with volumetric CT or MRI scans. A partial response was defined by > or =50% reduction in the contrast enhancing volume on stable or decreasing doses of glucocorticoids. The study specified that all apparent responders would have central review of their radiologic studies and histopathology. The initial @entity1 treated with 9-AC were also receiving anticonvulsants and were noted to have minimal myelosuppression with this chemotherapy. Thus, 9-AC doses were escalated from the previously reported maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 850 microg/m2/24 h. We then established new MTDs for @entity1 receiving enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants. We defined these MTDs to be 1,776 microg/m2/24 h for newly diagnosed, previously untreated @entity1 and 1,611 microg/m2/24 h for @entity1 with recurrent disease. Twenty-two @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 multiforme received 9-AC at doses > or =1,776 microg/m2/24 h. Of these, 18 had evaluable disease on central review, and 0 of 18 (0%) demonstrated a partial or complete response. Twenty-one @entity1 with recurrent high-grade @entity816 were treated at 1,611 microg/m2/24 h; 20 had evaluable disease and 0 of 20 (0%) had a partial or complete response. Thus, the overall response rate in the 38 evaluable @entity1 treated at the MTD was 0 of 38 (0%). Furthermore, of the 51 evaluable @entity1 who were treated at doses less than the MTD, only one partial response was observed, yielding an overall response rate of 2%. Evidence of drug failure was rapid with @entity5 progression in one-half of @entity1 after 2 drug cycles. 9-AC lacks evidence of substantial activity in @entity1 with newly diagnosed or recurrent high-grade @entity816 .

title: Lack of efficacy of @entity13627 in adults with newly diagnosed XXXX multiforme and recurrent high-grade @entity816 . NABTT CNS Consortium.

entities_list: @entity13627 :: ('MESH:C080125', 'Chemical') :: ['9-Aminocamptothecin']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: The management of advanced @entity43 remains a significant challenge as many @entity1 fail to respond to recommended therapy, resulting in disease progression and ultimately @entity1 @entity204 . Because of @entity5 heterogeneity, it is rare for all @entity5 of a particular type to respond to a specific therapy; and, as a result, many @entity1 receive treatment from which they derive little or no benefit, leading to increased morbidity and undue costs. A marker that could rapidly predict or forecast disease outcome would clearly be beneficial in allowing the administration of a tailored regime for each @entity1 while reducing @entity137 and cost. Traditional prognostic factors of @entity5 size, grade, and stage are not ideal for predicting @entity1 outcome, whereas the use of in vitro assays to detect chemosensitivity or resistance has not yet translated into routine clinical practice. Similarly, biomarkers and @entity5 markers vary in their predictive ability. DNA array technology offers great promise in predicting the response to therapy based on gene expression profiles, and can allow for targeted therapies against specific molecular alterations that cause disease. Imaging techniques, particularly those with the ability to characterize biological tissues and provide functional, structural, and molecular information, have the potential to noninvasively integrate physical and metabolic information. These include @entity419 positron emission tomography, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, all techniques that attempt to evaluate and predict therapy response and so influence clinical outcome. This review examines different methods of predicting the response to treatment in advanced @entity43 . TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians _ Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe why prediction of response to therapy for @entity43 is important, describe obstacles to use of in vitro assays to predict outcomes for therapy for @entity43 , and explain potentially new predictive markers.

title: Predicting the response of advanced XXXX to therapy.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and cervical cancers', 'cervical and ovarian cancers', 'cervical and ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['cervical and ovarian tumors']


abstract: The metacognitive model of @entity3119 [Wells, A. (1997). Cognitive therapy of @entity148 : A practice manual and conceptual guide. Chichester, UK: Wiley] assigns a necessary causal role to metacognitive beliefs in the development of symptoms. The current study tested the model by evaluating the effects of experimentally manipulating such beliefs. A 2 2 factorial design was used. Thirty-two students with high and 32 students with low obsessional symptoms were subject to an experimental (metacognitive belief induction) or control (no metacognitive belief induction) condition. All @entity1 underwent fake EEG recordings and were informed that the EEG could sense hypothalamus activity caused by having thoughts related to drinking. @entity1 in the experimental condition were told that if such thoughts were detected they may be exposed to an aversive noise. Controls were told that they may hear an aversive noise but this would be unrelated to the thoughts they had. Results showed a significant interaction effect between level of obsessional symptoms and belief induction. Analysis of this effect demonstrated that in the high obsession group, @entity1 in the experimental condition had significantly more intrusions about drinking, time spent thinking about these intrusions and discomfort from them, than controls. There were also significant main effects on some measures, such as effort to control intrusions about drinking, with higher scores in the experimental condition irrespective of levels of obsessional symptoms. Results support the metacognitive model.

title: An experimental manipulation of metacognition: a test of the metacognitive model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive symptoms']


abstract: This research aimed to evaluate the occurrence of @entity794 isolates in milk and in the milking environment of 10 small-scale farms (<400 L/d) located in the regions of Franca and Ribeir  o Preto, state of S  o Paulo, Brazil. Two-hundred twenty samples of milk were collected from individual @entity291 , along with 120 samples from bulk @entity13873 milk, 389 samples from milking equipment and utensils (teat cups, buckets, and sieves), and 120 samples from milkers' hands. Fifty-six Staph. aureus strains were isolated from 849 analyzed samples (6.6%): 12 (5.5%) from milk samples of individual @entity291 , 26 (21.7%) from samples of bulk @entity13873 milk, 14 (3.6%) from samples collected from equipment and utensils, and 4 (3.3%) from samples from milkers' hands. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of the 56 Staph. aureus isolates by SmaI restriction enzyme resulted in 31 profiles (pulsotypes) arranged in 12 major clusters. Results of this study indicate a low incidence, but wide distribution of Staph. aureus strains isolated from raw milk collected from individual @entity291 and surfaces of milkers' hands and milking equipment in the small-scale dairy farms evaluated. However, the high percentage of bulk milk samples found with Staph. aureus is of public health concern because raw, unprocessed milk is regularly consumed by the Brazilian population.

title: Characterization of XXXX isolates in milk and the milking environment from small-scale dairy farms of S  o Paulo, Brazil, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: Thirty-six adults with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in second or greater chronic phase, accelerated phase, or @entity9638 underwent marrow or blood stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling using high-dose thiotepa, @entity1863 and @entity786 (TBC) as the preparative regimen. All evaluable @entity1 engrafted and had complete donor chimerism. One @entity1 failed to clear @entity693 , and one @entity1 had one of 30 metaphases positive for the Philadelphia chromosome at 2 months post transplant. The remainder of the @entity1 studied had eradication of @entity1860 documented by cytogenetics and/or Southern blot for BCR gene rearrangement, and 13 of 15 @entity1 studied became negative for the BCR gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction. Three-year relapse rate is 42% (95% CI, 19-64%). The relapse rate was significantly lower for @entity1 transplanted without @entity9638 (9% vs 100%, P < 0.001). Eight (22%, 95% CI, 10-39%) @entity1 had severe or fatal @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ). Elevated liver enzymes within 1 month prior to transplantation and transplantation using marrow were significantly associated with the occurrence of @entity5501 . Three-year survival is 28% (95% CI, 13-43%). Survival was significantly higher for @entity1 transplanted without @entity9638 (45% vs 0%, P = 0.01). TBC is an effective preparative regimen for @entity1860 in accelerated phase but not refractory @entity9638 , and it should be used with caution in @entity1 with prior hepatopathy who have an increased risk of severe @entity5501 .

title: Thiotepa, @entity1863 and XXXX as a preparative regimen for allogeneic transplantation for advanced @entity1860 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease', 'VOD']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: AIM: The differentiation capability of @entity7307 ( @entity3007 ) was studied using U937 and KG1 cells. METHODS: Cell cycle was analyzed by PI staining using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was measured by @entity4404 - @entity2823 /PI double staining using flow cytometry. Differentiation was observed by morphological criteria, Wright-Giemsa staining and expression of cell surface markers @entity9536 and @entity5750 . RESULTS: Variable @entity3007 concentrations (25-200 micromol/L) at short treatment times (up to 24 h) showed significant anti-proliferative activities among both cell types. However, longer treatment times (up to 72 h) were required to trigger apoptosis. Cell-cycle analyses of the @entity3007 -treated cells indicated an increase in S-phase population by 48 h followed by the appearance of a sub-G(1) peak after 72 h of treatment. The effects of @entity3007 on U937 and KG1 cells were accompanied with differentiation toward monocyte/macrophage lineage. This was evidenced by a sharp increase in the extent of @entity9536 and @entity5750 expression after 24 h of exposure to @entity3007 . The viability of both cell types did not significantly change during the first 24 h. However, at longer treatment times (72-96 h), dramatic decreases in both the extent of @entity5750 expression and the cell viabilities were observed. Simultaneous measurement of apoptosis and @entity5750 expression in @entity3007 -treated U937 cells indicated that cells with lower @entity5750 content underwent more apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These finding may pave the way for further pharmaceutical evaluation of @entity3007 as a suitable differentiating agent for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) therapy.

title: XXXX induces differentiation-dependent apoptosis in human leukemia U937 and KG1 cells.

entities_list: @entity7307 :: ('CHEBI:15996', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity7307 :: (CHEBI:15996,Chemical) :: ['Guanosine 5'-triphosphate']


abstract: @entity5032 ( @entity5032 ) mutants derived from the JS strain of wild type wt @entity15609 type 3 virus ( @entity38545 ) are being evaluated as candidate live virus vaccines. The wt virus was serially passaged 45 times at low temperature and mutant clones with the cold-adapted (CA), temperature-sensitive (ts), and attenuation (ATT) phenotypes were selected following passage levels 12, 18 and 45 ( @entity4914 , cp18, and cp45). The cp45 virus was more ts than the @entity4914 or cp18 mutants, although all 3 mutant viruses were clearly attenuated in @entity2608 @entity778 . The mean peak titers of the @entity4914 and cp18 viruses administered by the intratracheal route were at least 6000-fold lower than JSwt in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The cp45 virus was not recovered from monkeys administered virus by the i.t. route alone; however, when the cp45 virus was administered by the intranasal route, it replicated in the upper respiratory tract to a level comparable to that of the @entity4914 and cp18 viruses, but continued to be markedly restricted in the lower respiratory tract. These data indicate that the @entity4914 and cp18 viruses contain predominantly non-ts attenuating mutations whereas the cp45 mutant has both non-ts and ts attenuating mutations. Each of the @entity5032 mutants induced a high level of resistance to wild type virus challenge. Also, the ATT phenotype of the @entity4914 and cp18 viruses as measured in @entity2608 was stable after replication in @entity831 or @entity1 , respectively, although the ts phenotype was not. Based on its greater level of temperature sensitivity in vitro and its greater degree of attenuation in @entity2608 , the cp45 virus appears to be the most promising vaccine candidate for @entity1 .

title: XXXX @entity1 @entity15609 type 3 viruses contain ts and non-ts mutations leading to attenuation in @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['Cold-passaged', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['compared to wild type virus']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity5032 :: (MESH:C569627,Disease) :: ['Cold-passaged']


abstract: Effects of temperature treatment ( @entity1457 , @entity11339 ; @entity1457 , @entity8682 ; and @entity1457 , @entity1050 ) on the daily productivity of treated males in different spermatogenesis stages have been studied in isogenic line 51 of @entity238 . The average productivity was shown to substantially decrease in all cases. The sum of the @entity8682 and @entity1050 contributions to this decrease was nearly equal to the @entity11339 (the combined @entity8682 and @entity1050 ) contribution, i.e., these contributions were almost additive. The temperature treatments did not kill mature sperm. In the control, mating productivity of day 1 exceeded that of the next day at least by 10-20%. Each day, most sperm in matings was new, i.e., matured during that day. Transposition induction of @entity54900 412 was studied at four spermatogenesis stages after @entity8682 and @entity1050 . Both temperature treatments were effective but @entity1050 had a more pronounced inducing effect. Most temperature-induced transpositions occurred at stage 3 (meiosis) and 4 (spermiogenesis). The day rates of transpositions at different stages were estimated. After @entity8682 at the meiosis stage, lambda = 0.11 events per initial @entity54900 copy per sperm per day of mating, which is approximately equal to the previous estimates after @entity11339 . After @entity1050 at the meiosis stage, lambda = 0.51. The transposition hot sites (including the previously known 43B and 97DE as well as a number of new sites) were detected. The lists of transpositions after @entity1050 completely included the corresponding lists after @entity8682 , which suggests similarity of induction mechanisms underlying @entity1050 and @entity8682 .

title: [Induction of @entity54900 412 transposition individually by heat and @entity1457 in spermatogenesis in XXXX males].

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heavy heat shock', 'cold shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: DISEASE OVERVIEW: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) results from accumulation of abnormal immature cells in the marrow. These cells interfere with normal hematopoiesis can escape into the blood and infiltrate lung and CNS. The most common cause of @entity204 is @entity2131 . It is likely that many different mutations and/or epigenetic aberrations can produce the same disease, with these differences responsible for the very variable response to therapy, which is @entity3052 's principal clinical feature. DIAGNOSIS: This rests on demonstration that the marrow or blood has >20% blasts of myeloid lineage. Blast lineage is assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry with @entity1116 and @entity10793 being surface markers typically expressed by myeloid blasts. It should be realized that clinical/prognostic considerations, not the blast % per se, should be the main factor determining how a @entity1 is treated. RISK STRATIFICATION: Two features determine risk: the probability of treatment-related mortality (TRM) and, more important, even in @entity1 aged >75 with Zubrod performance status 1, the probability of resistance to standard therapy despite not incurring TRM. The chief predictor of resistance is cytogenetics with a monosomal karyotype (MK) denoting the disease is essentially incurable with standard therapy even if followed by a standard allogeneic transplant (HCT). The most common cytogenetic finding is a normal karyotype (NK) and those of such @entity1 with an @entity8102 mutation but no @entity7801 internal tandem duplication (ITD), or with a @entity6863 mutation, have a prognosis similar to that of @entity1 with the most favorable cytogenetics [inv(16) or t(8;21)] (60-70% cure rate). In contrast, NK @entity1 with a @entity7801 ITD have only a 30-40% chance of cure even after HCT. Accordingly analyses of @entity8102 , @entity7801 , and @entity6863 should be part of routine evaluation, much as is cytogenetics. Risk is best assessed considering several variables simultaneously rather than, for example, only age. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY: @entity1 with inv(16) or t(8;21) or who are @entity8102 +/FLT3ITD- can receive standard therapy ( @entity5699 + @entity2592 ) and should not receive HCT in first CR. It seems likely that use of a daily @entity5699 dose of 90 mg/m(2) will further improve outcome in these @entity1 . There appears no reason to use doses of @entity2592 > 1 g/m(2) (for example, bid   6 days), as opposed to the more commonly used 3 g/m(2) . @entity1 with an unfavorable karyotype (particularly MK) are unlikely to benefit from standard therapy (even with dose escalation) and are thus prime candidates for clinical trials of new drugs or new approaches to HCT; the latter should be done in first CR. @entity1 with intermediate prognoses (for example, NK and NPM and FLT3ITD negative) should also receive HCT in first CR and can plausibly receive either investigational or standard induction therapy, with the same prognostic information about standard therapy leading one @entity1 to choose the standard and another an investigational option.

title: XXXX : 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['Acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the degree of radiculalgia and counts of T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity890 . METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity890 (group A) were divided into three subgroups according to Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) @entity158 scores (group A(1): n= 12, VAS 0-4.0; A(2): n= 24, VAS 4.1-7.0; A(3): n= 13, VAS 7.1-10.0. Twenty health blood donors who volunteered to be involved in the study comprised the control group (group B). Peripheral blood counts of various T lymphocyte subsets were measured in each group. RESULTS: (i) The counts of @entity404 + T and @entity404 +/ @entity405 + lymphocytes were higher in group A than in group B, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were also statistically significant differences between group A and group B in the counts of CD3+ and @entity405 + T lymphocytes (P < 0.05); (ii) There was no correlation between the VAS scores and the counts of CD3+ T lymphocytes (r= 0.194, P > 0.05). A strong significant correlation was observed between the VAS scores and counts of @entity404 + T lymphocytes (r= 0.542, P < 0.05), @entity11400 + (r= 0.468, P < 0.05), which increased with increasing VAS scores in the three subgroups of group A (P < 0.05). However there was a significant negative linear correlation between @entity405 + T lymphocyte counts and @entity158 scores (r=-0.462, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that changes in T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood take place after prolapse of lumbar intervertebral discs. The current results may provide support for involvement of immunologic mechanisms in low back @entity158 . T lymphocytes may play an important role in the development of symptoms in @entity1 with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

title: Correlation between radiculalgia and counts of T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of XXXX with @entity890 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain secondary to herniation of the lumbar disc', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity22485 , a member of the inhibitor of growth (ING) family, has been reported to be involved in transcription modulation, cell cycle control and the induction of apoptosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of @entity22485 decreased in @entity320 and @entity213 ( @entity213 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of @entity22485 in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity105 and progression. The correlation between @entity22485 expression and clinicopathological variables of @entity157 was analyzed. Using the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), it was found that @entity22485 was downregulated in @entity157 tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues (p<0.05). The immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarray data indicated a significant reduction of @entity22485 expression in 57.14% of @entity157 cases (64/112). In addition, the downregulation of @entity22485 was associated with the @entity5 differentiation stage. Most @entity157 samples of Edmondson-Steiner grades II to III exhibited inhibition of @entity22485 expression. The overexpression of @entity22485 in @entity157 cells was found to suppress cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration, suggesting that @entity22485 acts as a @entity5 suppressor in @entity157 cells. Taken together, the data revealed that @entity22485 may serve as a suppression factor during @entity105 and progression of @entity157 .

title: Downregulation of inhibitor of growth 3 is correlated with @entity105 and progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is accepted as the treatment of choice for palmar @entity1119 . But the interest and the results of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for isolated axillary @entity1119 are still discussed. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a series of 435 @entity1 operated on for @entity1119 of the upper limbs during the 5 past years, 23 were suffering from isolated axillary @entity1119 (5.2 p. 100). All @entity1 had been previously treated by local agents and 3 had iontophoresis. All @entity1 underwent a bilateral endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy that was performed in one stage. Sympathectomy was done according to the usual technique but was extended down to T5. All @entity1 were then contacted by phone to answer a detailed questionnaire. Four @entity1 were lost for follow-up. The mean follow-up of the 19 remaining @entity1 was 26 months (ranging 3 to 41 months). RESULTS: There was no intraoperative or postoperative complication. All @entity1 were discharged the day after surgery. All but one (95 p. 100) were cured from their axillary @entity1119 . All of them experienced compensatory sweating (100 p. 100). This compensatory sweating was considered as mild by 8 @entity1 , as embarrassing in 8 and as distressing in 3. Eleven @entity1 complained of excessive @entity2133 . This was considered as a minor adverse effect by 8 @entity1 and as problematic by 3 @entity1 . Finally, 16 @entity1 were satisfied while 3 claimed they regretted having been operated on. CONCLUSION: The rate of compensatory sweating and the rate of dissatisfaction are higher after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for axillary @entity1119 than after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar @entity1119 . Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for axillary @entity1119 should be foreseen only when all other therapies have been attempted.

title: [Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for isolated axillary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dryness of the hands']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: We model the cultural transmission of sign language when there is one-locus genetic variation for @entity2319 and @entity393 . Our premises are that the deaf are more motivated to learn sign language than the @entity393 , and that a vertically transmitted sign language, unlike recessive @entity74 , cannot "jump a generation." Conditions are obtained for persistence (i.e. protection from loss) of signers. These conditions are more easily satisfied the greater the fraction of the @entity393 who also learn sign language and as the frequency of the recessive gene for @entity2319 increases. Persistence is also facilitated by assortative mating for @entity2319 , but not by assortment for signing. With vertical transmission only, it is necessary that one signer parent be able to transmit sign language with greater than one-half the efficiency of two. Under the assumption that the @entity393 do not learn sign language, the following additional results are obtained. Persistence is more likely with dominant as opposed to recessive inheritance. When recessive hereditary and @entity2319 co-occur, increasing the frequency of the latter has opposite effects depending on the degree of assortment. Opportunities for the deaf to learn sign language outside the family seem not to affect the conditions for persistence.

title: Recessive XXXX , assortative mating, and persistence of a sign language.

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['acquired deafness', 'deafness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary deafness']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['hereditary deafness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the changes in @entity2013 during long-term @entity2847 therapy by means of serial MR imaging, and to correlate the findings to the serum @entity4090 (S-PRL) levels. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity2013 were studied before and during @entity2847 therapy; six to 11 MR examinations were performed with a duration of follow-up of 22 to 74 months. @entity5 size, extension, relationship to adjacent structures, and signal intensity patterns were evaluated. Signal intensity ratios and T2 values were calculated in areas of apparently solid @entity5 tissue. RESULTS: @entity2847 effectively reduced the size of all @entity5 ; the size reduction was already significant at 1 week, but often continued for several years. Reenlargement during therapy was seen in three cases. The development of chiasmal herniation parallel to increasing cisternal invagination into the sella was a common finding, but was not correlated to @entity227 . Signal intensity patterns corresponding to @entity548 , @entity45 or @entity39 were frequently observed, and transitions from one pattern to another were common. @entity548 occurred mainly in @entity5 corresponding to high initial serum @entity4090 levels. After 1 year of therapy, there was a significant increase in T2 values, indicating an increased water content in residual solid @entity5 tissue. CONCLUSIONS: MR is valuable for follow-up in @entity2847 therapy of @entity2013 , and provides new information on the @entity5 size changes, the inner structure of the @entity5 , and the optic chiasm.

title: XXXX : serial MR imaging in long-term @entity2847 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine', 'Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['macroprolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['Macroprolactinomas']


abstract: Using the ex vivo @entity2670 at the end of pregnancy when luteal regression starts, we investigated whether, when administered systemically or when added directly to the ganglion compartment, @entity2671 (A2) can reverse such regression, and whether the neural ( @entity1063 (NA)) and endocrine (A2) joint action modifies the release of ovarian @entity1420 . The experimental groups were as follows: group 1--A2 injected systemically 48 h before incubation of the system (A2)s; group 2--A2 directly added to the ganglion compartment ( @entity5057 injected 48 h before incubation of the system with NA in the ganglion compartment (A2 + NA); group 4--A2 plus NA added to the ganglion compartment (NA + A2)g. The controls were ex vivo systems without treatment (control), and with the addition of NA alone in the ganglion compartment (NA). The results were as follows. For (A2s) versus control, @entity1420 increased on days 19 and 21 of pregnancy at all the studied times and only at 180 min on day 20. For (A2 + NA) versus (A2)s, @entity1420 increased on days 19 and 21. For (A2 + NA) versus NA, @entity1420 increased at all the studied times on days 19 and 21 and at 180 min on day 20. For (A2)g versus control, @entity1420 significantly increased every pregnancy day. For (NA + A2)g versus (A2)g, @entity1420 decreased at 120 and 180 min on day 19. For (NA + A2)g versus NA, @entity1420 increased on days 20 and 21. We can conclude that A2 can reverse the functional regression of the corpus luteum either systemically or, what is more surprising, when directly added to the @entity4494 , whose action on the ovary is exerted @entity2670 .

title: Involvement of the XXXX in the luteotrophic effect of @entity2671 in late pregnant rats.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac ganglion']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['via superior ovarian nerve', 'coeliac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovary system']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity4494 :: (MESH:D045888,Disease) :: ['coeliac ganglion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mycobacteirum wolinskyi is a member of the @entity7666 group, which is less frequently found in clinical settings than other nontuberculous @entity7666 (NTM) species. However, its clinical significance has recently increased in @entity1292 . This case is the first report of @entity9244 by M. wolinskyi complicating cosmetic procedures. CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old Asian female @entity1 with a history of receiving multiple facial cosmetic procedures over the preceding 2 years was admitted to our institution with @entity4 , @entity158 , and erythema on the right cheek. Mycobacteirum fortuitum complex isolated from a pus culture was identified as M. wolinskyi by rpoB sequencing. Metallic foreign bodies and @entity733 were detected by radiologic imaging. The pus was incised and drained. Treatment comprised @entity4581 (500 mg every 12 h), @entity4509 (200 mg every 8 h), and @entity2177 (400 mg every 6 h). CONCLUSION: We report the first case of @entity9244 with M. wolinskyi after multiple cosmetic procedures of filler injection and laser lipolysis. Increased occurrence of NTM infection in nosocomial settings suggests the importance of appropriate treatment including culturing and rpoB gene sequencing when @entity1 who have undergone cosmetic procedures display symptoms and signs of soft tissue infection indicative of NTM infection.

title: @entity9244 caused by XXXX wolinskyi associated with cosmetic procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity7666 :: ('1772', 'Species') :: ['mycobacterium', 'Mycobacterium smegmatis']

entities_list: @entity9244 :: ('MESH:D018461', 'Disease') :: ['facial skin and soft tissue infection']

answer: @entity7666 :: (1772,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium']


abstract: Idiosyncratic reactions occur in a small fraction (typically <5%) of the population taking therapeutic drugs. @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ) is a @entity9852 , antipsychotic drug that has caused several idiosyncratic responses during its therapeutic use. Clinical evidence suggests that conditions associated with @entity32 are risk factors for the appearance of these responses. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that an inflammatory stimulus, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), renders animals susceptible to @entity5579 -induced idiosyncratic reactions seen in @entity1 . Male @entity35 (200-250 g) were fasted for 24 h. A small dose of LPS (7.4 x 10(6) EU/kg from @entity526 ) or its vehicle (saline) was administered by tail vein 2 h before an intraperitoneal injection of @entity5579 (70 mg/kg) or its vehicle (saline). Cholestasis and hepatocellular @entity39 were evaluated as increased concentrations of serum @entity3645 and @entity648 and increased activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase, and @entity492 aminotransferase. With the exception of @entity3645 , these serum markers were elevated in animals treated with LPS/ @entity5579 . @entity75 in liver sections were consistent with these findings. Elevated serum @entity908 kinase activity, which is associated with @entity1 idiosyncratic responses to @entity11922 , was also found in animals treated with LPS/ @entity5579 , but not with either LPS or @entity5579 alone. These results raise the possibility that concurrent, modest @entity32 may underlie susceptibility of individuals to certain idiosyncratic reactions and may form the basis for an animal model with which to understand and predict @entity734 .

title: Underlying endotoxemia augments toxic responses to @entity2644 : is there a relationship to XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11922 :: ('MESH:D010640', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazines']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Histopathological lesions']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity9852 :: ('MESH:C031637', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug idiosyncrasy']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug idiosyncrasy']


abstract: @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ) is a precursor of @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ) of the testis. In routine histologic sections, neoplastic intratubular germ cells may be very few and easily overlooked. The aim of this study is two-fold: to establish the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of @entity876 in @entity2971 and @entity2971 and to determine whether @entity876 can be used as a marker for @entity2971 . Resection specimens from 14 @entity4797 , 14 @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ), 3 @entity189 , 2 mature @entity44 , 7 IGCNUs, and 11 normal testes were stained for @entity876 . Normal germ cells and Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules in all normal testes were negative for @entity876 . The @entity5 cells of all @entity2971 cases were positive for @entity876 . All invasive components of @entity2971 , @entity189 , and @entity4797 exhibited expression of @entity876 . @entity44 components were negative for @entity876 . These findings indicate that @entity876 is a highly sensitive marker of @entity2971 and highly specific in distinguishing lesional tissue from normal seminiferous tubules. The current findings also suggest that @entity876 may be involved as an early step in the malignant progression of most germ cell @entity5 .

title: @entity876 : a good diagnostic marker for intratubular germ cell XXXX , unclassified.

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['Intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified', 'GCT', 'MGCT', 'IGCNU', 'mixed germ cell tumors', 'germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['Mature teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Preoperative management involves @entity1 fasting from midnight on the evening prior to surgery. Fasting period is often long enough to change the metabolic condition of the @entity1 which increases perioperative stress response. That could have a detrimental effect on clinical outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects of @entity1735 -rich beverage on stress response after colon resection. METHODOLOGY: Randomized and double blinded study included 40 @entity1 with @entity694 . Investigated group received a @entity1735 -rich beverage the day before and two hours before surgery. In the control group @entity1 were in the standard preoperative regime: nothing by mouth from the evening prior to operation. Peripheral blood was sampled 24h before surgery, at the day of the surgery, and 6, 24 and 48h postoperatively. RESULTS: Colonic resection in both groups caused a significant increase in serum @entity650 ( @entity650 ) levels 6, 24 and 48h after the operation. Increase was more evident and statistically significant in the group with fasting protocol. More significant increase of @entity688 ( @entity688 ) occurred in @entity1 who received preoperative nutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Smaller increase in @entity650 and higher in @entity688 are indicators of reduced perioperative stress.

title: Influence of preoperative oral feeding on stress response after resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon, upper rectal or rectosigmoid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: @entity794 is a ubiquitous pathogen causing infections in @entity1 and domestic animals. It is often associated with @entity291 @entity1271 . Among secreted virulence factors, the leukotoxins constitute a family of toxins composed of two distinct subunits (class S and F proteins) which induce first @entity141 influx and subsequent pore formation that allows @entity5611 entry. As @entity1271 -causing isolates harbor the genes of at least two, and often three leukotoxins, we compared the biological activities of the purified leukotoxins whose genes are found in @entity1271 -causing isolates on @entity291 polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN): spreading on a solid support, @entity460 influx and @entity5611 entry. In the spreading assay, the homologous pair LukM/LukF'-PV was the most active leukotoxin. Within each class, either S or F, subunits were interchangeable and generated leukotoxins with different specific activity. LukM was also very active when associated with heterologous F subunits. A similar ranking of homologous pairs was also found in the @entity5611 entry assay: LukM/LukF'-PV > HlgA/HlgB > HlgC/HlgB > LukE/LukD = LukEv/LukDv. In the @entity141 flux assay, LukM/F'-PV was the most active pair, but gamma-hemolysin (Hlg) was also very efficient. LukEv/Dv was more active (twofold) than LukE/D in the spreading assay, but the two variants showed similar activities in the other two assays. Supposing that spreading and @entity5611 entry (pore formation) reflect toxic activities on @entity291 PMN, and @entity141 influx cell activation, LukM/F'-PV was by far the most cytotoxic leukotoxin, but it was closely followed by gamma-hemolysin for PMN activation. These results suggest that LukM/F'-PV may constitute a particular virulence attribute of @entity1271 -causing @entity794 strains.

title: LukM/LukF'-PV is the most active XXXX leukotoxin on @entity291 neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deficits in executive functioning (EF) are implicated in neurobiological and cognitive-processing theories of @entity308 . @entity71 are also associated with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in adults, who are also at increased risk for @entity308 . Given debate about the ecological validity of laboratory measures of EF, we investigated the relationship between @entity308 diagnoses and symptoms and EF as measured by both rating scales and tests in a sample of adults referred for evaluation of adult @entity71 . METHOD: Data from two groups of adults recruited from an @entity71 specialty clinic were analyzed together: Adults diagnosed with @entity71 (N=146) and a clinical control group of adults referred for adult @entity71 assessment but not diagnosed with the disorder @entity71 (N=97). EF was assessed using a rating scale of @entity71 in daily life and a battery of tests tapping various EF constructs. @entity308 was assessed using current and lifetime @entity915 diagnoses ( @entity308 , dysthymia) and self-report symptom ratings. RESULTS: EF as assessed via rating scale predicted @entity308 across measures even when controlling for current @entity148 . Self-Management to Time and Self-Organization and Problem-Solving showed the most robust relationships. EF tests were weakly and inconsistently related to @entity308 measures. LIMITATIONS: Prospective studies are needed to rigorously evaluate EF problems as true risk factors for @entity308 onset. CONCLUSIONS: EF problems in everyday life were important predictors of @entity308 . Researchers and clinicians should consistently assess for the @entity71 - @entity308 comorbidity. Clinicians should consider incorporating strategies to address @entity71 when treating @entity1 with @entity308 .

title: Does executive functioning (EF) predict XXXX in clinic-referred adults? EF tests vs. rating scales.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorders', 'depressive', 'depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['EF deficits', 'ADHD', 'Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety and impairment']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 is the most common primary @entity4617 in @entity1 . Spontaneous regression of such @entity5 is common, particularly with smaller lesions, followed by resolution of symptoms. Based on our data on spontaneous involution, our institutional philosophy has been one of expectant management in the absence of life-threatening symptoms. However, surgical intervention sometimes is required for the extirpation of a @entity4618 from the left ventricular outflow tract. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 30 @entity1 in whom a @entity4618 was diagnosed over a 27-year period. RESULTS: Twenty-three percent (7/30) of the @entity1 required surgical extirpation of the @entity5 from within their left ventricular outflow tract, although a total of 94% had left ventricular involvement. There were no deaths. To date, no @entity1 has required reexcision of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of @entity4618 is one of spontaneous regression (the 23 @entity1 who did not undergo surgical intervention are alive and continue to be followed up medically). We recommend surgical excision to alleviate acute outflow tract obstruction with reliance on the @entity5 's natural history of regression to achieve long-term freedom from reoperation. Although operation has been recognized as lifesaving, we were somewhat surprised to find that greater than 20% of our pediatric population required operative intervention.

title: XXXX and obstructive @entity299 : histologically but not functionally benign.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['heart tumor']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyoma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac rhabdomyoma']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac rhabdomyomas']


abstract: Basal transcription regulation of the @entity470 is dependent upon a CA simple sequence repeat polymorphism in the intron-1 (CA-SSR-1). Here, we evaluate the role of CA-SSR-1 in complete resected @entity418 ( @entity418 ) @entity1 without neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of 241 @entity1 . To determine the number of the CA repeats in the CA-SSR-1, DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome. Three genotypes were defined based on cut-off points for short allele (S) with  <=18 and long allele (L) >18 CA repeats. A steadily increasing risk was evident between LL, SL, and SS genotype for larger @entity5 size, presence of lymph node @entity3 , and disseminated @entity5 cells in bone marrow as well as @entity5 recurrence (P   <   0.001, chi-square test). A gradual decrease in disease-free and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was present among LL, SL, and SS @entity1 (P   <   0.001, log-rank test). The different outcomes were also evident in nodal status and histological type adjusted subgroup analyses. CA-SSR-1 was identified as the strongest independent prognosticator of @entity5 recurrence and @entity1349 (P   <   0.001, Cox regression analysis). CA-SSR-1 is a strong predictive factor for @entity5 recurrence and @entity1349 in @entity1 with complete resected @entity418 without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy.

title: @entity470 intron-1 CA repeat polymorphism is a predictor of relapse and survival in complete resected only surgically treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate @entity8 ( @entity8 ) using SonoVue in the detection of liver @entity3 in @entity1 with known @entity5 versus the combined gold standard comprising CT, MRI and clinical/histological data. METHODS: It is an international multicenter study, and there were 12 centres and 125 @entity1 (64 males, 61 females, aged 59+/-11 years) involved, with 102 @entity1 per protocol. @entity5 were colorectal in 35%, breast in 27%, pancreatic in 17% and others in 21%. @entity8 using SonoVue was employed with a low-mechanical-index technique and contrast-specific software using Siemens Elegra, Philips HDI 5000 and Acuson Sequoia; continuous scanning for at least five minutes. RESULTS: @entity8 with SonoVue increased significantly the number of focal @entity409 detected versus unenhanced sonography. In 31.4% of the @entity1 , more lesions were found after contrast enhancement. The total numbers of lesions detected were comparable with @entity8 (55), triple-phase spiral CT (61) and MRI with a liver-specific contrast agent (53). Accuracy of detection of metastatic disease (i.e. at least one metastatic lesion) was significantly higher for @entity8 (91.2%) than for unenhanced sonography (81.4%) and was similar to that of triple-phase spiral CT (89.2%). In 53 @entity1 whose @entity8 examination was negative, a follow-up examination 3-6 mo later confirmed the absence of metastatic lesions in 50 @entity1 (94.4%). CONCLUSION: @entity8 is proved to be reliable in the detection of liver @entity3 in @entity1 with known @entity5 and suspected @entity409 .

title: Assessment of metastatic @entity409 in XXXX with primary extrahepatic @entity5 by contrast-enhanced sonography versus CT and MRI.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CEUS', 'contrast-enhanced ultrasonography']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic primary tumors', 'Primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The incidence of @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) is close to 1% of live birth. A high proportion of @entity4297 is associated with @entity2008 . A precise assessment of the phenotype is necessary to determine which type of @entity2008 has to be identified: trisomy 21 in @entity1757 , deletion of chromosome 22q in conotruncal defects. Genetic heterogeneity of @entity4297 has been proven for a wide range of defects. Phenotype-genotype correlations have been established and may be helpful to orient molecular investigations. In isolated @entity4297 , very genes have been identified so far and the risk of recurrence in a family relies mainly on a statistical approach rather than on a molecular diagnosis. @entity296 ( @entity296 ) in @entity1 are mostly secondary to @entity4297 , @entity741 , @entity137 , @entity1800 , and rhythm disturbances. @entity296 associated with @entity74 are seen in syndromes such as the @entity12697 , in dominant familial forms and in @entity209 . For these latter, extensive investigations are necessary as they are responsible for 15% of @entity296 in @entity1 younger than 2 years. They are mainly represented by @entity2315 and defects in @entity844 oxidation or respiratory chain.

title: [Epidemiology and genetics of congenital heart diseases and @entity296 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage diseases']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiomyopathies', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['atrio-ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies', 'chromosomal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity12697 :: ('MESH:D009634', 'Disease') :: ["Noonan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity1582 is not a single disease, but the product of a variety of diseases. Amyloid proteins are insoluble fibrils that are deposited extracellularly in many organ tissues. They stain with Congo red and appear apple green under polarized light. Definitive diagnosis and classification ofamyloidosis requires histologic examination of tissue samples. Gastrointestinal tract involvement is common, and all parts of the system can be affected Immunohistochemical studies have shown that amyloid deposited in the gastrointestinal system is most often of the AA, A kappa, or A lambda types. Another type of amyloidprotein, @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ), predominantly affects the musculoskeletal system, and is usually seen in @entity1 who have been on long-term hemodialysis. Mixed @entity1582 ( @entity2262 and AA) is seen only rarely in these @entity1 . In this study, we attempted to answer why this is so, and examined whether or not mixed @entity2783 is related to amyloidogenesis. We studied gastrointestinal tissues from 78 @entity177 @entity1 who had @entity1582 with @entity344 . A total of 115 endoscopic samples and 1 jejunal resection specimen were analysed immunohistochemically. Immunohistochemical testing using a panel of antisera directed against two major amyloid fibril proteins (AA-Monoclonal, Dako-, and @entity2262 -Polyclonal, Dako-) showed that all samples contained AA amyloid, but not @entity2262 type protein. These findings can be explained by the @entity1 ' relatively short average duration of hemodialysis and the predominance of endoscopic biopsy samples in our study.

title: The analysis of @entity344 in 78 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2M', 'beta-2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal involvement']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis', 'Systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: Isolated @entity35 hearts were perfused at 37 C on a double reservoir, nonrecirculating Langendorff apparatus. For aerobic perfusion, Krebs-Henseleit medium containing 10 mM @entity413 was gassed with 95% O2-5% @entity515 ; for anoxic perfusion, @entity413 was replaced with 10 mM @entity2656 , a nonmetabolizable substrate, and the medium was equilibrated with 95% N2-5% @entity515 . Heart effluent was serially collected during perfusion for @entity908 phosphokinase activity (CPK) analysis. Fixation was with 1% @entity3584 for morphologic studies. With aerobic control perfusion, hearts continued contracting, released no CPK, and were morphologically normal by light and electron microscopy examination after 120 minutes. With anoxic perfusion, contractions soon ceased, and by 60 minutes a sustained slow release of CPK was first observed. By electron microscopy, cells at 60 or 90 minutes were swollen and contained amorphous matrix densities in mitochondria; a few cells showed breaks in cell plasma membrane. When anoxic hearts were challenged with reoxygenation, there was a sudden change in color to a pale opaque appearance, CPK was rapidly released, and there was massive cellular swelling. By electron microscopy, damaged cells showed contraction bands, clumping of nuclear chromatin, both amorphous densities and granular dense bodies in mitochondria, and prominent disruptions of cell plasma membranes. The number of damaged cells observed increased as a linear function of time between 30 and 55 minutes of @entity519 . The results show that anoxic perfusion in vitro produces irreversible @entity296 and that this injury is closely associated with loss of cell volume control, release of intracellular enzymes, and striking structural defects in the plasma membrane of the sarcolemma. Reoxygenation accelerates the development of lesions in irreversibly injured cells but protects reversibly injured cells.

title: Irreversible @entity296 in anoxic perfused XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The production of cloned animals is, at present, an inefficient process. This study focused on the fetal losses that occur between Days 30-90 of gestation. Fetal and placental characteristics were studied from Days 30-90 of gestation using transrectal ultrasonography, maternal @entity21729 ( @entity21729 ) levels, and postslaughter collection of fetal tissue. Pregnancy rates at Day 30 were similar for recipient @entity291 carrying nuclear transfer (NT) and control embryos (45% [54/120] vs. 58% [11/19]), although multiple NT embryos were often transferred into recipients. From Days 30-90, 82% of NT fetuses died, whereas all control pregnancies remained viable. Crown-rump (CR) length was less in those fetuses that were destined to die before Day 90, but no significant difference was found between the CR lengths of NT and control fetuses that survived to Day 90. Maternal @entity21729 levels at Days 30 and 50 of gestation were not predictive of fetal survival to Day 90. The placentas of six cloned and four control (in vivo or in vitro fertilized) @entity291 pregnancies were compared between Days 35 and 60 of gestation. Two cloned placentas showed rudimentary development, as indicated by flat, cuboidal trophoblastic epithelium and reduced vascularization, whereas two others possessed a reduced number of barely discernable cotyledonary areas. The remaining two cloned placentas were similar to the controls, although one contained hemorrhagic cotyledons. Poor viability of cloned fetuses during Days 35-60 was associated with either rudimentary or marginal chorioallantoic development. Our findings suggest that future research should focus on factors that promote placental and vascular growth and on fetomaternal interactions that promote placental attachment and villous formation.

title: Evidence for placental abnormality as the major cause of mortality in first-trimester somatic cell cloned XXXX fetuses.

entities_list: @entity21729 :: ('281964(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['pregnancy specific protein b', 'PSPb']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Parallel representations of the visual world are already established at the very first synapse of the visual system. Cone photoreceptors, which hyperpolarize in response to light, forward the visual signal onto distinct types of ON and OFF cone bipolar cells (BCs). In the case of OFF BCs, the glutamatergic cone input is integrated by ionotropic @entity2227 receptors, giving rise to a sign-preserving mode of synaptic transmission. The combination of @entity2227 receptor (GluR) subunits, i.e. @entity140 or @entity4176 subunits, importantly contributes to shaping the OFF bipolar cells' distinct response properties. The @entity19 is one of the few mammals in which the (most likely) complete set of (five) retinal OFF BC types is identified. However, it is not clear which GluR subtypes are expressed by the different @entity19 OFF BC types. We addressed this question by combining immunolabeling, electrical whole-cell recordings and pharmacology, and present evidence that the different types of OFF BCs express distinct types of @entity2227 receptors: Type 1 BCs exclusively expressed @entity140 receptors, whereas type 2 and type 3a BCs expressed @entity4176 receptors of different subunit compositions. Additionally, we found that two OFF BC types (3b and 4) very likely express both @entity140 and @entity4176 receptors but, interestingly, the two receptor subunits were not co-localized at the same dendritic site. The complex, BC type-specific expression pattern of GluRs we describe here supports their essential role in establishing parallel pathways at the first synapse of the @entity19 visual system.

title: OFF bipolar cells express distinct types of dendritic @entity2227 receptors in the XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of @entity6918 with that of @entity6916 for the treatment of @entity10 in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Prospective, randomized clinical trial in an urban @entity341 . @entity1 were given either @entity6918 , 5 mg intramuscular (IM) or 2.5 mg intravenous (IV), or @entity6916 , 10 mg IM or 10 mg IV. Measurements included side effects and the @entity1 's @entity158 perception as measured on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline, 30, and 60 minutes after the medication was given. Data were analyzed using chi-square, two-tailed t-tests, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) when appropriate. RESULTS: During an eight-month period, 168 @entity1 were enrolled. Eighty-two (48.8%) of the @entity1 received @entity6918 ; 86 (51.2%) received @entity6916 . In the @entity6918 group, 49 (59.6%) received IM administration and 33 (40.4%) IV. In the @entity6916 group, 57 (66.3%) received IM administration and 29 (33.7%) IV. Sixty minutes after the medication, the mean decrease in the VAS scores was 81.4% for @entity6918 and 66.9% for @entity6916 (p = 0.001). At 30 minutes, 60.9% of the @entity1 receiving @entity6918 and 44.2% of the @entity1 receiving @entity6916 had obtained at least a 50% reduction in their VAS scores (p = 0.09). At 60 minutes, 90.2% of the @entity1 receiving @entity6918 and 68.6% of the @entity1 receiving @entity6916 had at least a 50% reduction in their VAS scores (p = 0.017). No difference between IM dosing and IV dosing was detected. Side effects, including @entity3519 , @entity2146 , and decreased level of consciousness, were seen in 15.2% of the @entity1 receiving @entity6918 and 9.61% of the @entity1 receiving @entity6916 . No significant or persisting morbidity was detected. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6918 was more effective than @entity6916 in relieving @entity158 associated with @entity10 .

title: @entity6918 vs. XXXX for @entity10 in the @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6916 :: ('MESH:D011346', 'Chemical') :: ['prochlorperazine']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['Droperidol', 'droperidol']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['benign headaches']

answer: @entity6916 :: (MESH:D011346,Chemical) :: ['prochlorperazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attachment to bone marrow (BM) stromal cells is crucial for the normal growth and development of B-cell progenitors (pro-B). However, the molecular mechanisms by which contact facilitates the proliferation of pro-B cells are not completely understood. This study was performed to investigate this interaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A model pro-B cell line (Reh) and a @entity1 BM stromal cell line (KM102) were used. Flow cytomery was used for cell cycle analysis. Western Blotting and immunoprecipitation were utilized to examine the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ). RESULTS: Attachment to both KM102 and normal BM stromal cells significantly promoted the growth of Reh cells. Pretreatment of Reh cells with anti- @entity2393 or alpha5 monoclonal antibody (mAb), but not @entity1293 or @entity2071 mAb, abrogated this enhancement of proliferation. Furthermore, stroma attachment resulted in shortening of the G(1) phase of cell cycle, significant increases @entity15308 activity, degradation of cdk inhibitor @entity5438 protein, and decrease in levels of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) protein. In addition, solid-phase cross-linking of alpha5 via immobilized antibody also resulted in extracellular signal-regulated ( @entity3963 kinase phosphorylation, increase in @entity15308 activity, decrease in levels of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) protein, and enhanced proliferation that was inhibited by treatment with @entity4286 , a specific ERK inhibitor. CONCLUSION: Integrin alpha5beta1-mediated stroma contact promotes the proliferation of B-cell progenitors through the activation of @entity3963 , which in turn modulates cell cycle regulation machinery including induction of @entity15308 activity and degradation of @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and contributing to acceleration of the G(1) phase of cell cycle progression.

title: Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase through XXXX is required for cell cycle progression of B progenitor cell line, Reh, on @entity1 marrow stromal cells.

answer: @entity2393 :: (3688,Gene) :: ['alpha5/beta1 integrin']


abstract: @entity1 presenting with symptoms suggestive of @entity1939 fugax, or with findings of @entity527 on fundoscopy are frequently referred for duplex evaluation to detect possible @entity2998 . To better determine the reliability of monocular @entity227 and the presence of @entity527 for predicting the presence or significance of @entity543 , we prospectively studied 66 @entity1 with these ocular signs and symptoms. After evaluation, the @entity1 were categorized as follows: 34 of 66 (52%) @entity1 had @entity1939 fugax, 23 (35%) had asymptomatic @entity527 , 7 (11%) had @entity732 , and 2 (3%) had @entity989 . All @entity1 were evaluated ophthalmologically, with carotid duplex scanning and spectral analysis. A stenosis of greater than 60% was regarded as significant. The presence of risk factors including @entity101 , @entity6 , a history of @entity64 or @entity4905 's, tobacco use and @entity407 was recorded. There were no statistically significant differences (p greater than 0.05) in the incidence of @entity731 risk factors between the four groups. @entity1 with @entity1939 fugax were more likely to have a significant @entity543 than those with asymptomatic @entity527 or @entity732 (53% vs 9% vs 0% respectively) (p less than 0.006). We conclude that routine carotid duplex scanning is indicated in all @entity1 with @entity1939 fugax in view of the frequent association with significant @entity543 (53%). However, the presence of @entity527 in the absence of visual symptoms appears not to have a significant association with @entity66 and may not necessarily require routine screening unless other risk factors for @entity543 are present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Correlation of ophthalmic findings with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Hollenhorst plaques']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical and radiological results of arthroscopic excision of the fragment and debridement of the crater in the treatment of @entity1843 of the knee ( @entity3119 ). TYPE OF STUDY: Case series. METHODS: We investigated 20 @entity1 with partial or complete detachment of the @entity3119 fragment. The average age at surgery was 21 years (range, 12 to 32 years). All the @entity1 were treated by the same surgeon. They were evaluated at an average follow-up of 9 years (range, 6 to 17 years). RESULTS: The combined subjective and objective evaluation showed excellent and good results for 85% of the @entity1 . Radiographic studies showed 2 grades of worsening (from no degenerative signs preoperatively to narrowing of the joint line up to 50% at follow-up) in 1 @entity1 (5%). One grade of worsening (Fairbank's changes without joint space narrowing) was found in 45% of weight-bearing anteroposterior radiographic views and in 35% of weight-bearing bent knee posteroanterior views. Statistical correlations were significant between radiographic degenerative changes and the size of the @entity75 at surgery, with larger lesions resulting in greater degenerative changes. CONCLUSIONS: The arthroscopic removal of an osteochondral fragment and debridement of the crater is a viable option in the treatment of grade III and IV @entity3119 lesions. Results are better in lesions less than 2 cm(2).

title: Results of arthroscopic excision of the fragment in the treatment of XXXX of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondritis dissecans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral lesion']

answer: @entity1843 :: (MESH:D010008,Disease) :: ['osteochondritis dissecans']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors hypothesized that cooling before evacuation of traumatic @entity2075 protects the brain from reperfusion injury and, if so, further hypothesized that @entity2332 induction before or soon after craniotomy should be associated with improved outcomes. METHODS: The National @entity131 Study: @entity2332 I (NABIS:H I) was a randomized multicenter clinical trial of 392 @entity1 with severe @entity1545 treated using normothermia or @entity2332 for 48 hours with @entity1 reaching 33  C at 8.4    3 hours after injury. The National @entity131 Study: @entity2332 II (NABIS:H II) was a randomized, multicenter clinical trial of 97 @entity1 with severe @entity1545 treated with normothermia or @entity2332 for 48 hours with @entity1 reaching 35  C within 2.6    1.2 hours and 33  C within 4.4    1.5 hours of injury. Entry and exclusion criteria, management, and outcome measures in the 2 trials were similar. RESULTS: In NABIS:H II among the @entity1 with evacuated @entity2075 , outcome was poor (severe disability, vegetative state, or @entity204 ) in 5 of 15 @entity1 in the @entity2332 group and in 9 of 13 @entity1 in the normothermia group (relative risk 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.88; p = 0.02). All @entity1 randomized to @entity2332 reached 35  C within 1.5 hours after surgery start and 33  C within 5.55 hours. Applying these criteria to NABIS:H I, 31 of 54 @entity2332 -treated @entity1 reached a temperature of 35  C or lower within 1.5 hours after surgery start time, and the remaining 23 @entity1 reached 35  C at later time points. Outcome was poor in 14 (45%) of 31 @entity1 reaching 35  C within 1.5 hours of surgery, in 14 (61%) of 23 @entity1 reaching 35  C more than 1.5 hours of surgery, and in 35 (60%) of 58 @entity1 in the normothermia group (relative risk 0.74, 95%, CI 0.49-1.13; p = 0.16). A meta-analysis of 46 @entity1 with @entity1410 in both trials who reached 35  C within 1.5 hours of surgery start showed a significantly reduced rate of poor outcomes (41%) compared with 94 @entity1 treated with @entity2332 who did not reach 35  C within that time and @entity1 treated at normothermia (62%, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Induction of @entity2332 to 35  C before or soon after craniotomy with maintenance at 33  C for 48 hours thereafter may improve outcome of @entity1 with @entity1410 and severe @entity131 . Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00178711.

title: Early induction of @entity2332 for evacuated XXXX : a post hoc analysis of two clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Brain Injury', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2075 :: ('MESH:D020198', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity2075 :: (MESH:D020198,Disease) :: ['intracranial hematomas']