abstract: The aim was to analyze whether pericardial tissue expresses endothelial NO synthase ( @entity50240 ) protein and to determine the presence of cytosolic proteins that bind to @entity50240 mRNA. The effect of @entity117 on the above-mentioned parameters was also analyzed. @entity50240 protein was expressed in pericardial tissue from male @entity840 . @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 microgram/mL) and @entity794 endotoxin (SA, 10 microgram/mL) reduced @entity50240 protein expression and shortened the half-life of the @entity50240 messenger. Under basal conditions, cytosolic extracts from pericardial samples bound to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of @entity50240 mRNA, which was enhanced by LPS and SA. Proteinase K fully prevented the binding of cytosolic pericardial extracts to 3'-UTR of @entity50240 mRNA, suggesting the involvement of proteins that were further characterized as 60- and 51-kDa proteins. @entity117 (1 to 10 mmol/L) restored @entity50240 expression in either LPS- and SA-stimulated pericardial samples and reduced the binding activity of the pericardial cytosolic proteins to 3'-UTR of @entity50240 mRNA. @entity3352 also reduced the downregulation of @entity50240 by LPS and diminished the binding activity of the cytosolic proteins, although higher doses of @entity3352 than of @entity117 were needed to improve these parameters. In conclusion, @entity50240 protein is expressed in @entity840 pericardial tissue. LPS and SA stimulate the binding activity of pericardial cytosolic proteins to 3'-UTR of @entity50240 mRNA and reduce @entity50240 protein expression. High doses of @entity117 and @entity3352 protect @entity50240 protein expression and reduce the binding activity of the cytosolic proteins to 3'-UTR of @entity50240 mRNA, suggesting an inverse association between the presence of these cytosolic proteins and @entity50240 expression.

title: XXXX prevents @entity526 lipopolysaccharide- and @entity794 -induced downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in @entity840 pericardial tissue.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe sonographic findings in @entity1 with @entity545 that may explain persistent @entity546 in these @entity1 . We propose the term penile compartment syndrome for use in radiology and urology practice to describe this condition. METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive @entity1 were examined. All these @entity1 had clinically "mature" plaques with @entity545 . Penile duplex sonography was performed as part of the @entity1 evaluation before possible corrective surgery. RESULTS: All @entity1 had the classic sonographic finding of plaques in the tunica albuginea. Persistent @entity4096 was noted in 3 @entity1 (8.6%); we observed @entity9085 during dynamic evaluation of blood flow in 2 (5.8%); and in 2 cases, a low peak systolic velocity was accompanied by an abnormal cavernous artery structure. Four @entity1 (11.4%) had extensive circular plaques in the tunica albuginea, limiting expansion of the cavernous body during erection, as shown by a constant cavernous body diameter of the affected side compared with an increasing diameter of the unaffected side during the progressive phases of erection. @entity1 with a constricting ring of plaques had persistent @entity546 during erection as well as after injection during penile duplex sonography. CONCLUSIONS: @entity545 is caused by replacement of penile tunica albuginea tissue with inelastic scarring. One manifestation of @entity545 is @entity158 erection. In @entity1 with persistent @entity158 , we found circumferential inelastic scarring of the tunica albuginea. The findings of penile compartment syndrome on penile sonography may influence the urologist's choice of surgical technique for treating @entity545 .

title: @entity546 : a possible explanation for @entity546 in XXXX shown by penile sonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['Peyronie disease']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['erectile pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile pain']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['peyronie disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the breast imaging changes after fat grafting and its impact on @entity5 follow up. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study conducted on @entity1 who underwent fat grafting for breast reconstruction. We reviewed mammographic and ultrasound images of @entity1 . @entity16043 's exact test was used to analyze results. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of ninety @entity1 with @entity0 had fat grafting. Fifty eight @entity1 for defects following post mastectomy reconstruction and 32 for wide local excision defects. The mean follow up was 37.4 months. Benign lumps were identified in 23/90 cases (25 percent). Mammograms were reported as BI-RADS I in 21/32 cases (72 percent) and BI-RADS II in 8/32 cases (28 percent). BI-RADs III score was reported in two @entity1 on further follow up imaging, both were re-classified as BI-RADS II after biopsy. A total of eight @entity1 (8.9 percent) required biopsy. No local recurrences or new @entity5 were observed in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our study suggests radiological changes after fat grafting are almost always benign with no adverse outcome on @entity5 follow up.

title: Imaging changes after breast reconstruction with fat grafting - Retrospective study of 90 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Interaction between signaling pathways regulates many cellular functions, including proliferation. The Galpha(s)/ @entity268 pathway is known to inhibit signal flow from receptor @entity669 kinases to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-1,2 and, thus, inhibit proliferation. Elevation of @entity268 or adenovirus-directed expression of mutant ( @entity45145 )-Galpha(s) (alpha(s)*) inhibits the proliferation of @entity35 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in culture. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulated MAPK activation and DNA synthesis was also blocked by expression of alpha(s)*. However, it is not known whether such mechanisms are operative in vivo. Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo was induced by @entity130 of carotid arteries in the @entity35 . Recombinant @entity9504 (beta-gal) or alpha(s)* was applied to arterial segments injured by the balloon catheters. The alpha(s)*-treated vessels showed decreased phospho-MAPK staining in the intima as compared with beta-gal-treated vessels. Application of alpha(s)*, but not beta-gal containing adenovirus, inhibited formation of @entity8233 by 50%. No change was observed in total vessel diameter or in the media or adventitia. These results suggest that the interaction between the Galpha(s) and MAPK pathways can regulate proliferation in vivo and that targeted expression of activated Galpha(s) may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of vascular pathophysiologies that arise from intimal @entity1373 .

title: Expression of @entity45145 -Galpha(s) inhibits intimal vessel wall @entity1373 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus encoding beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['balloon injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['balloon injury']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of studying acupuncture in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and to pilot test the safety and explore benefits of a standardized acupuncture protocol designed to reduce @entity158 and @entity1295 . Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity1252 were randomly assigned to receive 10 sessions of either acupuncture, minimal needling or usual care. @entity158 , @entity1295 and @entity1252 activity were assessed at baseline and following the last sessions. Safety was assessed at each session. Fifty-two @entity1 were screened to enroll 24 eligible and interested @entity1 . Although transient side effects, such as brief needling @entity158 and lightheadedness, were reported, no serious adverse events were associated with either the acupuncture or minimal needling procedures. Twenty-two @entity1 completed the study, and the majority (85%) of acupuncture and minimal needling @entity1 were able to complete their sessions within the specified time period of 5-6 weeks. 40% of @entity1 who received acupuncture or minimal needling had >/=30% improvement on standard measures of @entity158 , but no usual care @entity1 showed improvement in @entity158 . A ten-session course of acupuncture appears feasible and safe for @entity1 with @entity1252 . Benefits were similar for acupuncture and minimal needling.

title: Acupuncture for XXXX : a pilot RCT feasibility and safety study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'SLE disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Data on the neurodevelopmental outcome of @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) survivors are scarce, controversial, and based on small samples. This is an observational prospective longitudinal study on a selected cohort of low-risk @entity1152 survivors. We considered a low-risk @entity1152 survivor a @entity1 with the following characteristics: gestational age >32 weeks, no long gap, no genetic or chromosomic anomaly associated with @entity245 , and no further major surgical @entity154 . @entity1 were evaluated with scales derived from the Bayley Scales of @entity1 and Toddler Development - 3rd Edition at 6 and 12 months, with a score of 100 considered normal for each scale. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences of cognitive and motor development. Linear regression was used to assess the impact of the following clinical and sociodemographic variables: gender, birthweight, gestational age, length of hospital stay, number of surgeries and number of esophageal dilatations during first hospitalization, days of mechanical ventilation, weight at follow up, number of surgeries and esophageal dilatations at follow up, parental age, educational level, and socioeconomic status. Thirty @entity1 form the object of the study. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) cognitive scale's score was 93.7 (7.5) and 98.2 (9.6) at 6 and 12 months, respectively (P < 0.05). The mean (SD) motor scale's score was 97.6 (9.3) and 98.0 (12.1) at 6 and 12 months, respectively (P = n.s.). @entity1 with a body weight <5   percentile at 12 months showed a mean (SD) cognitive score significantly lower when compared with those with a body weight >5   percentile: 88.8 (6.3) and 100.5 (8.9), respectively. At 12 months, @entity1 with unemployed mothers had a mean (SD) motor score significantly lower when compared with those in the other socioeconomic classes: 87.7 (9.8) and 100.6 (12.4), respectively. In conclusion, parents of babies operated on for low-risk @entity1152 can be reassured about neurodevelopmental outcome at least up to 1 year of age. When offering a multidisciplinary follow-up program, underweight @entity1 should deserve particular attention to promote their quality of life and support their global development.

title: Short-term neurodevelopmental outcome of babies operated on for low-risk XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Infant', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: Studies in nonhuman primates with experimental @entity304 have shown that intrastriatal cografts of autologous adrenal medulla and peripheral nerve yield greater behavioral improvement and graft survival than do adrenal medulla grafts alone. To test these observations, five @entity1 with advanced @entity191 were selected to receive unilateral intrastriatal adrenal medulla-intercostal nerve cografts. They were evaluated using the Core Assessment Program for Intracerebral Transplantation (CAPIT) protocol. Three of these @entity1 also underwent quantitative motor testing for the measurement of upper limb @entity2845 (movement time; MT). Following right flank adrenalectomy, cografts consisting of small fragments of adrenal medullary tissue and minced intercostal nerve were stereotaxically implanted into three targets in the right striatum using computerized tomography guidance. Surgery was uneventful and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed accurate placement of the grafts. No morbidity was encountered. Results of 24 months of clinical and quantitative motor assessments postoperatively are reported. Total UPDRS motor scores in the "off" state improved from a mean preoperative score of 39.5 to 32.1 at 3, 29.7 at 6, 27.6 at 9, 28.5 at 12, 31.4 at 18, and 26.5 at 24 months after surgery. Total timed motor test scores during the "off" state improved 17.9% at 6, 23.3% at 9, 18.2% at 12, 38.2% at 18, and 34.9% at 24 months postoperatively compared to baseline. Movement time showed statistically significant improvement (repeated measures ANOVA, P < 0.05) in the left arm (contralateral to surgery) in all three @entity1 tested. These results indicate that stereotaxic intrastriatal implantation of autologous adrenal medulla-peripheral nerve cografts can be performed safely and clinical improvement from this procedure is sustained for a period of 24 months. The clinical improvement was paralleled by improvement in objective, quantitative motor testing.

title: Effect of stereotaxic intrastriatal cografts of autologous adrenal medulla and peripheral nerve in XXXX : two-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of surgical management of mycotic @entity2849 due to @entity130 after intravenous injection of drugs. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Surgery, Kerman Medical School of Sciences, Kerman, Iran, from July 2001 to June 2009. METHODOLOGY: Twenty one consecutive @entity1 presenting with infected femoral @entity2849 (IFAPs) secondary to parenteral @entity734 treated in our department were studied. Data analyzed included demographic characteristics, modes of presentation, side of involvement, management and outcome. RESULTS: All @entity1 were male with mean age of 32.2    5.2 years. All presented with @entity158 and swelling in the groin. Five @entity1 presented with significant @entity548 . The locations were the left side in 9 cases and the right side in 12 cases. The injured artery was the common femoral artery and its bifurcation. In 14 @entity1 (64%), ligation-excision was carried out. In 5 @entity1 (26%), primary repair of the artery with over-sewing was done. In 2 @entity1 (10%), revascularization with saphenous interposition was carried out. Below-knee amputation was necessary in 1 @entity1 who underwent ligationexcision. One @entity1 died due to severe @entity295 . CONCLUSION: Ligation of IFAPs is an effective, safe and simple option. Primary repair with preservation of the native vessel is suggested if @entity281 is limited.

title: Surgical management of femoral @entity2849 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['artery pseudoaneurysms', 'false aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['local injury']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug abuse']


abstract: The relationship between body fat indices and cardiovascular risk was analyzed in 97 Japanese @entity1 aged 36-72 years. The variables used were anthropometric measures of body @entity1386 , @entity1503 and blood pressure. Total adipose tissue weight (TATW) was estimated from bioelectrical impedance measurements. Subcutaneous adipose tissue weight (SATW) was calculated by measuring subcutaneous fat thickness at 14 sites using a skinfold caliper. The indices of body fat distribution were the ratios of waist to hip circumference (WHR) and abdominal to hip circumference (AHR). Blood pressure and serum lipid levels were determined in all subjects after an overnight fast. The correlations among the various body fat indices were high, and all were strongly correlated with WHR and AHR; only % SATW and percentage internal adipose tissue weight (%IATW) were not correlated with WHR and AHR. Significant positive associations were found between WHR, @entity1674 and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Negative associations were found between WHR and HDL- @entity165 (HDL-ch.) and the ratio of HDL-ch. to total @entity165 (HDL-ch./T-ch.). On the other hand, significant positive associations were found between AHR, T-ch., LDL- @entity165 , free @entity844 and SBP. A negative association was found between AHR and HDL-ch./T-ch.. Partial correlations were used to determine further associations between cardiovascular risk factors and fat distribution indices. SBP was associated with WHR or AHR after removing the effects of age. Similarly, HDL-ch./T-ch. was associated with WHR or AHR after removing the effects of age and degree of @entity28 (BMI). These results suggest that the WHR and AHR are equally valid estimates of body fat distribution with respect to their relationship with cardiovascular risk. These relationships occurred independently of age or BMI in Japanese @entity1 . These findings emphasize the importance of @entity1144 as a metabolic risk factor for @entity65 associated with a high WHR and AHR.

title: Relationship of anthropometric indices of body fat to cardiovascular risk in Japanese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood lipids']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We report psychometric results of the Behavioural Activity Rating Scale (BARS) using data from three Phase III clinical trials of intramuscular @entity1280 in acutely agitated @entity1 with @entity716 (Studies 1 and 2) or in stable @entity716 @entity1 (Study 3). Convergent validity and divergent validity were assessed with baseline data from Studies 1 and 2 in subjects with acute @entity2146 . To investigate convergent validity, we sought Pearson and Spearman correlation of BARS scores with scores on the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) Scale and a predefined cluster of @entity2146 -related items from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). For divergent validity, we sought Pearson and Spearman correlation between BARS scores and a predefined cluster of PANSS items measuring negative symptoms. Discriminant validity was investigated with the help of subjects with moderate psychopathology (Study 3). Wilcoxon rank-sum and two-sample t tests determined whether mean (or median) BARS scores differed between subjects with acute @entity2146 (Studies 1 and 2) and moderate psychopathology (Study 3). Responsiveness to treatment effect and rater reliability were also evaluated. In Study 2, Pearson correlation coefficients of BARS scores with PANSS @entity2146 items and CGI-S were moderate (convergent validity) and statistically significant (P<0.005). The correlation between BARS scores and PANSS negative component scores was low (divergent validity). Treatment effect size was larger for BARS than for PANSS @entity2146 items and CGI-S (responsive to treatment differences). Virtually perfect inter- and intra-rater reliability was achieved. Study 1 produced similar results. BARS showed psychometrically valid properties for measurement of behavioral activity in acutely agitated @entity1 with @entity716 .

title: Validation of the behavioural activity rating scale (BARS): a novel measure of activity in agitated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate rehabilitation of complete @entity3541 with 3 procedures for @entity2652 : end-to-end ("original"), partial end-to-end with interpositional jump grafting ("jump") and the new partial end to end without grafting ("modified"). METHODS: A medical jury reviewed videos of 36 @entity1 with complete @entity3541 who underwent surgery from 1998 to 2008 by original (n = 13), jump (n = 13), and modified (n = 10) procedures. The jury of 5 ear, nose, and throat surgeons who were blinded to the procedure evaluated rehabilitation by 3 facial nerve grading systems-House and Brackman (HB), Sunnybrook, and Freyss scales-and 3 subjective scores for the face at rest and during @entity2798 . RESULTS: Recovery time was shorter with the modified and original procedures than jump procedure (5, 6, and 8 mo, respectively). All @entity1 achieved at least good results. Scores on the HB scale (I-VI) were mainly III. HB and Sunnybrook scores did not differ by procedure. Freyss score was better for the modified procedure than original and jump procedures. Scores for the face at rest did not differ by procedure, but those during @entity717 were worse for the jump procedure than for other procedures. Synkinesis was more severe with the original procedure than other procedures. CONCLUSION: The 3 procedures give satisfactory results for rehabilitation after surgery for @entity3541 . The original procedure should be performed in @entity1 with strong mimic or long-standing @entity3541 . The jump procedure is delicate and entails risk of weak reinnervation. The modified procedure is a good compromise in terms of muscle tone and side effects.

title: Comparison of 3 procedures for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglossal-facial anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary and emotional movements']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary and emotional motions']

answer: @entity2652 :: (MESH:D005148,Disease) :: ['hypoglossal-facial anastomosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity263 Prevention Trial (PCPT) showed that the @entity10831 inhibitor (5ARI) @entity585 significantly decreased the 7-year period prevalence of @entity263 vs placebo. However, Gleason score 7-10 @entity5 were significantly more common in the @entity585 vs the placebo group. We considered data on the effects of 5ARIs on @entity263 natural history and detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A detailed review was performed of the literature identified from the MEDLINE database examining the effects of 5ARIs on @entity263 prevalence and @entity5 histopathology. RESULTS: In PCPT there were fewer biopsies performed for cause in the @entity585 vs the placebo group and the proportion of high grade @entity5 in the treatment groups did not diverge with time. Given that @entity585 has an effect on @entity1486 and prostate volume, which are key factors in triggering prostate biopsies, they may be significant confounders of Gleason score results. Prostate shrinkage in the @entity585 treated group may minimize biopsy sampling error. Furthermore, histological studies have shown that 5ARIs have a significant effect on prostate architecture, which can make the interpretation of prostate specimens in @entity1 treated with 5ARIs difficult. Further evaluation of PCPT findings will help determine the true nature of these observations. CONCLUSIONS: 5ARIs decrease the risk of @entity263 but also alter the detection of disease through effects on @entity1486 , and prostate volume and histology. The weight of evidence suggests an artifactual effect of @entity585 on Gleason grading in the PCPT. The role of 5ARIs for @entity263 chemoprevention needs further examination before it can be considered for wide recommendation.

title: The effects of XXXX inhibitors on the natural history, detection and grading of @entity263 : current state of knowledge.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity10831 :: (6715,Gene) :: ['5alpha-reductase']


abstract: Some of the advances in the past decade in the field of solid tumor cytogenetics are described, with particular reference to nonrandom structural chromosome changes. Although it had been known for many years that @entity1653 and @entity5 were associated with changes involving particular chromosomes, it has only quite recently become clear, following the application of suitable culture techniques, that other @entity5 such as @entity362 and @entity2909 may also be characterized by specific changes, particularly reciprocal translocations. Reciprocal translocations may also be found in malignant soft-tissue @entity5 such as @entity1821 (involving 12q as in @entity362 ) and @entity2828 . In contrast, the common forms of @entity189 present a more variable picture, although certain chromosomes may undergo nonrandom changes of various types, including translocations, which, however, are generally nonreciprocal. Some of these chromosomes may be quite specific (e.g., chromosome 10 in prostatic and #18 in @entity14 ), while others appear to be common to many or all types of @entity189 , such as chromosomes 1, 3, 11, and 17, and a small metacentric that may be an i(5p). In @entity150 , different chromosome changes may characterize subsets of the @entity5 . In @entity189 , however, the commonly involved chromosomes, 1, 3, ?5, 11, and 17, appear in markers in any combination and are thus not mutually exclusive. Although further study of the chromosome changes in @entity189 is essential to an understanding of their relationship to the molecular changes that are associated with malignant transformation, it can be hypothesized that, while some of the changes result in the duplication of particular genes, e.g., on chromosome 1q, a more important role may be to bring about the loss of chromosomal segments containing tumor-suppressor genes. Evidence from molecular studies that has recently been accumulating for the loss of alleles on, for instance, 3p, 11p, and 17p, which could in part be due to gross chromosomal rearrangements, also strongly suggests the importance of genic loss in malignant transformation. In @entity189 , at least, the changes probably involve a number of genes, each change representing one of the several steps necessary for tumorigenesis.

title: XXXX cytogenetics. Progress since 1979.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors', 'salivary gland tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Solid tumor']


abstract: The clinical response to @entity2812 has been evaluated in a group of 63 drug resistant @entity302 @entity1 in an open add-on trial. A negative response was observed in 30 subjects. In 11 @entity1 , after an initial improvement lasting a mean period of 8 months, @entity410 recurred with the same frequency present before the beginning of the treatment. Twenty-two @entity1 responded to @entity2812 treatment. Period of observation in the responsive group ranged from 1 year to 3 years. Response was complete in 16 @entity1 and in the other 6 a 50% to 90% decrease of @entity410 was obtained. A complete normalization of the electroencephalogram (EEG) was registered in 10 cases after a mean period of 5 months of therapy. Side effects were mild and limited to 12 @entity1 . Improvement was obtained in social and academic performance. Writing ability improved in one case. @entity2812 can be considered a useful drug in the therapeutic armamentarium for childhood drug resistant @entity302 .

title: XXXX treatment in childhood drug resistant @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine', 'lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['Lamotrigine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity565 is one of the most important diseases of childhood. There is no known prevalence of @entity565 and @entity56 in Lebanon. This study was conducted with a primary objective of finding the prevalence of @entity565 , @entity2023 and @entity484 in Lebanese @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study on @entity1 in Lebanese public and private schools. A sample of 22 schools participated in the study, where standardized ISAAC written core questionnaires were distributed. 13-14-year-old students filled in the questionnaires in class. RESULTS: 1613 individuals were analyzed. The prevalence of diagnosed @entity565 (5.6%) is the lowest in Lebanon compared to the eastern Mediterranean countries. Prevalence of ever wheezing (21.4%), last 12 months wheezing (19.9%), wheezing on effort (12.7%), night cough (22.8%), @entity2023 (32.7%) and @entity484 (11.5%) is on the medium prevalence trend noted all over the world, referring to ISAAC study. It also showed marked variations and differences across the governates in Lebanon, the lowest prevalence of diagnosed @entity565 (1.9%) but the highest prevalence of @entity565 symptoms like ever wheezing being in the Bekaa governate (26.8%). CONCLUSION: Undiagnosed @entity565 , @entity2490 and @entity484 have medium prevalence in Lebanon. Differences exist between Lebanese governates. Further studies are needed to understand the environmental, climate and socioeconomic causes of these discrepancies.

title: Asthma, @entity2023 and XXXX in 13-14-year-old schoolchildren across Lebanon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity484 :: (MESH:D004485,Disease) :: ['eczema']


abstract: @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ), a common cause of @entity101 (BP), induces left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 and an excess rate of cardiovascular events. Whether its treatment provides long-term cure of @entity101 and regression of @entity65 remains uncertain. To the aim of assessing the effect of treatment of @entity1368 on BP and LV changes, we prospectively recruited 323 @entity1 in a long-term follow-up study entailing serial echocardiography evaluations. Of them, 180 had @entity1368 and were assigned to either adrenalectomy (n=110) or medical therapy (n=70) on the basis of the adrenal vein sampling. The remaining 143 were consecutive optimally treated primary @entity101 @entity1 . At baseline, the @entity1368 @entity1 had more inappropriate LV mass than PH @entity1 (27.1% versus 16.2%; P=0.020), despite similar BP values. At a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 6-225), BP was lowered (P<0.0001 versus baseline) to similar values in adrenalectomized (135  15/83  9 mm Hg), medically treated @entity1368 (133  11/83  7 mm Hg), and PH (139  15/86  9 mm Hg) @entity1 . To this end, the adrenalectomized @entity1 required significantly less drugs than the other groups. In @entity1368 @entity1 , the LV mass index and the rate of @entity4346 fell through LV inward remodeling to the level of optimally treated PH @entity1 , indicating that the LV work markedly decreased. Findings were similar when long-term (>= 5 and >= 10 years) data were examined. Thus, an early diagnosis and a specific treatment of @entity1368 warrant normalization of BP and reversal of detrimental LV changes at long term.

title: Long-term control of arterial XXXX and regression of @entity4346 with treatment of @entity1368 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'Primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular damage']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity3276 is cytotoxic in V79 @entity3569 cells and induces gene mutations and micronuclei. The cell-damaging effects of @entity15942 are usually attributed to @entity1432 depletion, oxidation of @entity1110 , and redox-cycling involving the formation of @entity13478 radicals and reactive @entity26 species. To elucidate the role of these mechanisms in the genotoxicity of @entity3276 , we measured various genotoxic effects, @entity137 , and the levels of @entity2041 , @entity1110 , @entity2125 , and their oxidized forms all in the same experiment. @entity31872 , which does not induce gene mutations in V79 cells, was investigated for comparative reasons. The @entity15942 had a similar effect on the levels of cofactors. Total @entity2041 was depleted, but levels of @entity9492 were slightly increased. The levels of @entity1110 and @entity2125 were reduced at high concentrations of the @entity15942 with a simultaneous increase in the levels of @entity1110 + and @entity2125 +. Both compounds induced micronuclei, but neither increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchange. Only @entity3276 induced gene mutations. This effect was observed at low concentrations, where none of the other parameters studied was affected. When the cells were depleted of @entity2041 prior to treatment with the @entity15942 , the induction of gene mutations and micronuclei remained virtually unchanged. We conclude that a) induction of micronuclei and @entity2041 depletion by the two @entity15942 are not linked causally, b) @entity3276 induces gene mutations by a mechanism different from oxidative stress and @entity2041 depletion, and c) @entity2041 does not fully protect the cells against the genotoxicity of @entity15942 .

title: Genotoxicity of @entity3276 and @entity31872 in relation to effects on @entity2041 and XXXX levels in V79 cells.

entities_list: @entity3276 :: ('MESH:C004532', 'Chemical') :: ['1,4-Benzoquinone', '1,4-benzoquinone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['oxidized glutathione']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity13478 :: ('CHEBI:15817', 'Chemical') :: ['semiquinone']

entities_list: @entity31872 :: ('MESH:C035342', 'Chemical') :: ['1,4-Naphthoquinone']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NAD(P)H']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity3969 antigen ( @entity8587 ) is overexpressed in approximately 90% of @entity0 and, thus, is a potential target antigen for the immunotherapy of @entity0 . We have tested the working hypotheses that @entity8587 can be immunogenic in @entity1 with @entity0 and can stimulate CTL of sufficient avidity to kill @entity5 cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity5 -draining lymph node and peripheral blood samples were analyzed from five HLA-A2-positive @entity1 with @entity0 . Fluorescent @entity1529 *0201/ @entity8587 tetramers were used to quantify @entity8587 -specific CTL and the functional capacity of the CTL was assessed using @entity137 assays and intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS: @entity8587 tetramer-binding T cells expanded from all lymph node samples but none of the corresponding peripheral blood samples. Functional assays were carried out on T cells from the @entity1 who had yielded the highest frequency of @entity1529 *0201/ @entity8587 tetramer-positive cells. The @entity137 assays showed @entity8587 peptide--specific killing activity of the CTL, whereas intracellular cytokine staining confirmed that the tetramer--positive T cells produced @entity379 after stimulation with @entity8587 peptide. These @entity8587 -specific T cells killed HLA-A2-positive @entity0 cell lines treated with @entity379 but no killing was observed with untreated @entity5 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that @entity8587 -specific CTL can be expanded from the @entity5 -draining lymph nodes of @entity0 @entity1 and that they can display peptide-specific effector function. However, the CTL only killed @entity379 -treated @entity5 targets expressing high levels of HLA-A2 and not @entity5 cells with low HLA expression. This suggests that induction of autologous @entity8587 -specific CTL may offer only limited @entity5 protection and that strategies that allow a high level of peptide/MHC complex presentation and/or improve CTL avidity may be required.

title: @entity3969 antigen--specific CTL in @entity5 -draining lymph nodes of @entity1 with early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'stage I/II breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Paired tumor']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When a cryogen spurt is applied to the skin surface for an appropriately short period of time (on the order of tens of milliseconds), the cooling remains localized in the epidermis, while leaving the temperature of the deeper @entity3809 ( @entity3809 ) blood vessels unchanged. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of noncooled laser treatment (NC-LT), and cryogen spray cooled laser treatment (CSC-LT) of @entity3809 birthmarks in a large series of @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 196 @entity1 with head or neck @entity3809 birthmarks treated with the pulsed dye laser (lambda = 585 nm; taup = 450 microseconds) over a 7-year period. Subjects' ages ranged between 2 months and 62 years; there were 109 females and 87 males, all of whom were Asian. Ninety-eight @entity1 received NC-LT using light dosages of 5-7 J/cm2. Subsequently, 98 @entity1 received CSC-LT using light dosages of 8-10 J/cm2. The primary efficacy measure was the quantitative assessment of the blanching response scores of NC-LT PWSs as compared, on a blinded basis, to CSC-LT PWSs. RESULTS: Based on chi-squared analysis, there were clinical, and statistically significant, differences in the blanching response scores favoring @entity3809 receiving CSC-LT as compared to the NC-LT group (P <.001). Permanent @entity2318 was noted in 3.1% (n = 3) of the @entity1 in the NC-LT group. Permanent @entity2318 was not observed in the CSC-LT treatment group. Transient @entity2117 was noted in 57% (n = 56) and 48% (n = 47) of the @entity1 in the NC-LT and CSC-LT groups, respectively. In both groups, the transient @entity2117 resolved in all @entity1 within 1 year. Two @entity1 in the NC-LT group developed delayed permanent @entity4182 . @entity4182 was not observed in the CSC-LT group. CONCLUSION: CSC permitted the use of higher incident light dosages leading to improved @entity3809 clearance without producing complications such as permanent @entity2318 or dyspigmentation.

title: Cryogen spray cooling and higher fluence pulsed dye laser treatment improve XXXX clearance while minimizing epidermal damage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['Permanent hypopigmentation', 'hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['PWS', 'port-wine stain']

answer: @entity3809 :: (MESH:D019339,Disease) :: ['port-wine stain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the association of @entity5752 ( @entity5752 ) and soluble @entity5750 (sCD14) with the proinflammatory response among @entity1 in @entity3152 . The binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with @entity5752 and sCD14 activates macrophages at LPS concentrations up to 1000 times lower than required with LPS alone. @entity5752 and sCD14 in amniotic fluid could explain the high concentrations of cytokines present in the amniotic fluid of culture-positive @entity1 and the presence of cytokines in the amniotic fluid of culture-negative @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: A cohort of 169 afebrile @entity1 in @entity3152 with intact membranes had amniotic fluid collected by transabdominal amniocentesis for culture and for @entity5752 , sCD14, and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) determinations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @entity650 levels of >2 ng/mL were considered elevated. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance, multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction, and linear regression. RESULTS: All 169 amniotic fluid samples had measurable @entity5752 and sCD14. Subjects were categorized by amniotic fluid culture results and @entity650 concentration into 3 groups: (1) positive amniotic fluid culture, (2) negative amniotic fluid culture, elevated @entity650 concentration, and (3) negative amniotic fluid culture, low @entity650 level. Geometric mean @entity5752 and sCD14 levels differed significantly among groups such that levels were approximately twice as high among pregnancies with positive amniotic fluid culture or elevated @entity650 compared with those without evidence of @entity32 (both P <.001). sCD14 was inversely associated with enrollment gestational age independent of amniotic fluid culture results and @entity650 concentrations. Among culture negative, low @entity650 pregnancies, sCD14 decreased 3.5% for each additional week of gestation (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01%-6.4%; P =.02). @entity5752 levels showed a similar trend in this group (P =.09). One hundred eleven subjects had detectable @entity650 levels. Among these subjects, @entity650 increased by 2.1-fold for every 10-fold increase in @entity5752 (95% CI, 1.1-4.0; P =.02) and by 28.4-fold for every 10-fold increase in sCD14 (95% CI, 10.4-77.4; P <.001) with adjustment for gestational age by linear regression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5752 and sCD14 are present in amniotic fluid of preterm pregnancies and are linearly associated with amniotic fluid @entity650 concentrations. These molecules may amplify the cytokine response and thereby help explain the presence of cytokines in amniotic fluid when culturable quantities of microbes are absent.

title: Amniotic fluid @entity5752 and soluble @entity5750 as mediators of the inflammatory response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5752 :: ('3929', 'Gene') :: ['lipopolysaccharide-binding protein', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: @entity1082 ) is the causative agent of @entity1 @entity5 and has been associated with @entity957 development. Although prophylactic vaccines have been developed, there is a need to develop new targeted therapies for individuals affected with @entity66 in these locations, which must be tested in appropriate models. Cutaneous beta HPV types appear to be involved in @entity105 . Virus oncogenicity is partly achieved by inactivation of @entity995 protein family members by the viral E7 gene. Here we show that the E7 protein of cutaneous beta HPV5 binds @entity996 and promotes its degradation. In addition, we described an in vivo model of @entity66 in which artificial @entity1 skin prepared using primary keratinocytes engineered to express the E7 protein is engrafted onto @entity19 . Expression of E7 in the transplants was stably maintained for up to 6 months, inducing the appearance of lesions that, in the case of @entity1799 E7, histologically resembled @entity1 @entity75 caused by oncogenic HPVs. Moreover, it was confirmed through biomarker expression analysis via immunodetection and/or quantitative PCR from mRNA and miRNA that the 16E7-modified engrafted skin shares molecular features with @entity1 @entity74 . Finally, our findings indicate a decrease of the in vitro capacity of HPV5 E7 to reduce @entity996 levels in vivo, possibly explaining the phenotypical differences when compared with 16E7-grafts. Our model seems to be a valuable platform for basic research into @entity105 and preclinical testing of HPV-associated antitumor therapies.

title: A humanized XXXX model of HPV-associated pathology driven by E7 expression.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-associated disease', 'malignant infected lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['anogenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-associated pretumoral and tumoral lesions']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinogenesis', 'HPV oncogenesis']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: This study compared genetic aberrations in hematopoietic cells (HCs) and mesenchymal stem cells of @entity2590 ( @entity4289 ) @entity1 . METHODS: We obtained chromosomes with aberrations from 22 @entity1 with @entity4289 and chromosomes from 7 healthy individuals. @entity2008 in both HCs and MSCs were identified using G-banding. We then performed DNA content analysis of the HCs and MSCs. RESULTS: Cytogenetic aberrations were detected in HCs from 13 of the 22 @entity4289 @entity1 (59%). @entity2008 in MSCs were detected in 15 of the 22 @entity4289 @entity1 (68%). No @entity2008 were identified in MSCs of the 7 healthy volunteers. We demonstrate herein that MSCs have distinct @entity74 compared to HCs from the same individual. We observed a random loss of chromosomal material in significant proportions of MSCs. A high proportion of random loss may be a marker of chromosomal instability of @entity4289 . However, two case results showed that HCs and MSCs have different altered structural changes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest enhanced genetic susceptibility of these cells in @entity4289 @entity1 . Our data indicates that the genetic alterations in MSCs may constitute a particular biological mechanism of @entity4289 pathogenesis.

title: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in XXXX : cytogenetic characterization.

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'Chromosomal aberrations']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: Alteration in function of the cardiac autonomic nervous system has proved to be a powerful predictor of @entity204 or serious @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity299 , yet little is known about the mechanisms by which this system is regulated. Recent evidence suggests that the gaseous molecule @entity842 (NO) may act as an important mediator in this pathway. Histochemical staining techniques have identified neuronal populations that contain NO synthase within medullary cardio-regulatory sites and their peripheral autonomic pathways. Drugs that modulate the NO pathway (administered both systemically and into the central nervous system) cause changes in pre- and post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve activity that imply that NO serves to inhibit central sympathetic outflow. There is also evidence that NO may attenuate cardiovascular end-organ responses to sympathetic stimulation. Studies suggest that NO modulates cardiac vagal control, increasing the activity of central vagal motoneurons and, more contentiously, contributing to the bradycardic effects of vagal stimulation. NO also modulates so-called 'indirect' vagal inhibition of sympathetic cardiac responses. Additionally, central attenuation of baroreflex-mediated vagal control has been described. There is relatively little information available on the importance of NO in the regulation of @entity1 cardiovascular autonomic control. Further well-controlled studies are required.

title: Role of XXXX in the regulation of cardiovascular autonomic control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECT: This Phase II study was performed to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of combining @entity4175 ( @entity4175 )- @entity3003 - @entity1891 -Interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) chemotherapy. METHODS: Ninety-seven @entity1 with Karnofsky Performance Scale scores of 50 or greater were enrolled in the study. @entity4175 (60 mg/m2), @entity3003 (110 mg/m2), @entity1891 (0.6 mg/m2), and @entity2391 (10 microg) were administered on Day 1 concomitant with radiotherapy (63 Gy); @entity1891 (0.6 mg/m2) and @entity2391 (10 microg) on Days 8 and 15; and @entity2391 alone (10 microg) three times per week throughout the course of radiotherapy. Fifty-six days after radiotherapy ended, the time schedule for chemotherapy was reset and @entity4175 , @entity3003 , @entity1891 , and @entity2391 were again administered on the new Day 1 and @entity1891 and @entity2391 on the new Days 8 and 15. This course was repeated every 56 days. Instances of nonhematological @entity137 were rare and mild. During the course of radiotherapy, the percentages of @entity1 who experienced Grade 3 @entity137 were 14% with neurocytopenia and 7% with @entity882 . Seven percent of all adjuvant chemotherapy cycles following radiotherapy were associated with Grade 3 @entity137 , as manifested in neurocytopenia or @entity882 . No instance of Grade 4 @entity137 was observed. The median duration of progression-free survival was 10 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 8-12 months) and the median duration of overall survival was 16 months (95% CI 13-20 months). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity4175 - @entity3003 - @entity1891 - @entity2391 chemotherapy and radiotherapy is safe and well tolerated, and may prolong survival in @entity1 with @entity463 multiforme.

title: Phase II study of @entity4175 , @entity3003 , @entity1891 , and interferon-beta with radiotherapy for XXXX multiforme: experience of the Kyoto Neuro-Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity4175 :: ('MESH:D015376', 'Chemical') :: ['ACNU', 'nimustine', 'Nimustine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: A @entity35 @entity715 model was developed to assess the efficacity of antithrombotic drugs. It had the following characteristics: controlled hemodynamic and rheological conditions corresponding to arterial flow, a collagen coated surface as a relevant thrombogenic stimulus, a method of measurement allowing dynamic monitoring of @entity715 formation and the possibility to assess the @entity715 structure. A shunt composed of @entity691 and @entity1346 catheters, including in the middle of the shunt a collagen coated glass capillary, was inserted between the two primitive carotids of the @entity35 . The duration of patency of the shunt was recorded using a thermic probe fixed on its central part. In this model, the patency of the shunt was 539 +/- 55 s. Platelet and fibrinogen-fibrin accumulation in successive one centimeter segments along the shunt were measured using 111In labeled platelets and 125I labeled fibrinogen. Platelet accumulation occurred on the collagen coated surface and at the junctions between the different components of the shunt, where flow was disturbed. The effects of four antithrombotic agents were measured: @entity117 , @entity1397 , heparin and r-hirudin. @entity1397 , heparin and hirudin significantly prolonged patency duration of the shunt, whereas @entity117 was inactive. @entity117 did not reduce platelet or fibrinogen-fibrin accumulation on the collagen coated surface. Platelet accumulation on the collagen surface was significantly lower in the @entity1397 group (50 mg/kg) than in the group treated with heparin (500 U/kg), demonstrating the direct antiplatelet effect of @entity1397 . Hirudin at doses giving similar values of APTT as heparin (500 U/kg) prolonged the occlusion time to over 2 h while the heparin occlusion time was only 20 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Experimental XXXX on a collagen coated arterioarterial shunt in @entity35 : a pharmacological model to study antithrombotic agents inhibiting thrombin formation and platelet deposition.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE To compare Early Treatment @entity6 Study visual acuity outcome with retinal structural outcome at the 6-year follow-up examination of @entity1 randomized in the Early Treatment for @entity989 study. METHODS We compared the results in 606 eyes of subjects in whom both functional (visual acuity) and retinal structural assessments were obtained at age 6 years. Visual acuity assessments were performed by masked testers, and retinal examinations were performed by certified ophthalmologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Visual acuity and retinal structure at age 6 years. RESULTS Concordant outcomes occurred in 462 eyes (76.2%): 402 eyes had favorable functional and structural outcomes and 60 eyes had unfavorable functional and structural outcomes. Discordant outcomes occurred in 92 eyes (15.2%): 86 eyes had unfavorable functional and favorable structural outcomes and 6 eyes had favorable functional and unfavorable structural outcomes. Of the 86 eyes with unfavorable functional and favorable structural outcomes, 43 had @entity735 that were less severe than those considered to be unfavorable (32 eyes). In 52 eyes (8.6%), retinal structure could not be assessed or the visual acuity was untestable. CONCLUSION Posterior pole appearance correlates well with visual acuity in 6-year-old @entity1 with a history of advanced @entity989 of @entity3465 . APPLICATION TO CLINICAL PRACTICE When the retinal structure is normal but visual acuity is poor in @entity1 with a history of severe @entity989 of @entity3465 , other diagnoses such as @entity227 could at least partially account for the discrepancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00027222.

title: Correlation of recognition visual acuity with posterior retinal structure in advanced XXXX of @entity3465 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy and cortical visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy (23 eyes) and/or retinal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'Retinopathy of Prematurity']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite their @entity137 , reactive @entity26 species (ROS) play important roles in plant cell signalling pathways, such as mediating responses to stress or @entity281 and in programmed cell death, at lower levels. Although studies have indicated that @entity273 ( @entity274 ) promotes seed germination of several plants such as @entity958 , @entity2247 , @entity3505 , @entity579 and sunflower, the role of @entity274 in @entity1460 seed germination is not well known. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the relationships between ROS, plant hormones and @entity1460 seed germination. METHODS: An examination was made of @entity1460 seed germination, the expression of genes related to @entity1786 biosynthesis, endogenous @entity1786 contents, and the number and area of cells in the root tip, using @entity898 , an antioxidant, to counteract the effect of ROS. KEY RESULTS: @entity274 promoted germination, which @entity898 suppressed, suggesting that ROS are involved in the regulation of @entity1460 germination. @entity274 was produced in the @entity2085 after imbibition. @entity898 suppressed the expression of genes related to @entity1786 biosynthesis and the production of endogenous @entity1786 . Interestingly, ethephon, which is converted to @entity1786 , and @entity274 reversed the suppression of seed germination by @entity898 . Furthermore, morphological analysis revealed that @entity898 suppressed cell elongation at the root tip, and this suppression was also reversed by @entity8230 or @entity274 treatments, as was the case in germination. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1460 seeds, ROS produced in the @entity2085 after imbibition induce the production of endogenous @entity1786 , which promotes cell elongation in the root tip. This appears to be how ROS regulate @entity1460 seed germination.

title: Regulation of @entity1460 seed germination through @entity1786 production in response to reactive XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic axis']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8230 :: ('MESH:C005073', 'Chemical') :: ['ethephon']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Acetylcysteine', 'N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The universal @entity13417 precursor @entity8454 (ALA) is formed from @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) in algae and higher plants. In the postulated reaction sequence, @entity367 -tRNA is produced by a @entity367 -tRNA synthetase, and the product serves as a substrate for a reduction step catalyzed by a @entity10402 -requiring @entity367 -tRNA dehydrogenase. The reduced intermediate is then converted into ALA by a transaminase. An RNA and three enzyme fractions required for ALA formation from @entity367 have been isolated from soluble Chlorella extracts. The recombined fractions catalyzed ALA production from @entity367 or @entity367 -tRNA. The fraction containing the synthetase produced @entity367 -tRNA from @entity367 and tRNA in the presence of @entity855 and @entity1025 . The isolated product of this reaction served as substrate for ALA production by the partially reconstituted enzyme system lacking the synthetase fraction and incapable of producing ALA from @entity367 . The production of ALA from @entity367 -tRNA by this partially reconstituted system did not require free @entity367 or @entity855 , and was not affected by added @entity855 . These results show that (a) free @entity367 -tRNA is an intermediate in the formation of ALA from @entity367 , (b) @entity855 is required only in the first step of the reaction sequence, and @entity1110 only in a later step, (c) @entity367 -tRNA production is the essential reaction catalyzed by one of the enzyme fractions, (d) this enzyme fraction is active in the absence of the other enzymes and is not required for activity of the others. The specific @entity367 -tRNA synthetase required for ALA formation has an approximate molecular weight of 73,000 +/- 5,000 as determined by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and native @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Other @entity367 -tRNA synthetases were present in the cell extracts but were ineffective in the the ALA-forming process.

title: Biosynthesis of @entity13417 Pigment Precursors : Formation and Utilization of Glutamyl-tRNA for XXXX Synthesis by Isolated Enzyme Fractions from Chlorella Vulgaris.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity13417 :: ('CHEBI:26932', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrapyrrole']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['delta-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity10402 :: ('CHEBI:36980', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine nucleotide']

answer: @entity8454 :: (MESH:D000622,Chemical) :: ['delta-Aminolevulinic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity5 vaccines incorporating @entity5 cells carry a risk of implantation and subsequent metastasis of viable @entity5 cells into the @entity1 who is being treated. Despite the fact that the @entity320 cell preparations used in a recent vaccine trial (Mel37) were gamma-irradiated (200 Gy), approximately 25% of the preparations failed quality control release criteria which required that the irradiated cells incorporate @entity665 at no more than 5% the level seen in the non-irradiated cells. We have, therefore, investigated ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation as a possible adjunct to, or replacement for gamma-irradiation. METHODS: @entity320 cells were gamma- and/or UV-irradiated. @entity665 uptake was used to assess proliferation of the treated and untreated cells. @entity522 activity and DNA fragmentation were measured as indicators of apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis was used to assess antigen expression. RESULTS: UV-irradiation, either alone or in combination with gamma-irradiation, proved to be extremely effective in controlling the proliferation of @entity320 cells. In contrast to gamma-irradiation, UV-irradiation was also capable of inducing significant levels of apoptosis. UV-irradiation, but not gamma-irradiation, was associated with the loss of @entity11442 expression. Neither form of radiation affected the expression of @entity9857 , @entity16524 /MelanA, or S100. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that UV-irradiation may increase the safety of autologous @entity320 vaccines, although it may do so at the expense of altering the antigenic profile of the irradiated @entity5 cells.

title: The use of gamma-irradiation and ultraviolet-irradiation in the preparation of @entity1 XXXX cells for use in autologous whole-cell vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Six juvenile green turtles ( @entity15117 ) from the Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, U.S.A., with multiple cutaneous fibropapillomas, were kept in isolation and examined over a 6-month period. Histologically, the fibropapillomas consisted of a slightly to moderately @entity5072 overlying a thickened hypercellular dermis. In the earliest lesions, @entity528 was present predominantly in the stratum basale where rete ridges extended into the dermis; aggregates of mixed inflammatory cells were present around dermal vessels. As the lesions matured, they developed an arborizing, papillary pattern. More mature lesions had a less verrucous, often ulcerated surface, with the dermis composed primarily of large collagenous fascicles and relatively few fibroblasts. While numerous @entity2439 eggs were present within dermal capillaries of a histologically similar biopsy specimen from an Hawaiian green turtle, no @entity2439 eggs were observed in any of 28 biopsies examined from the six Florida green turtles in this study. Low stringency Southern blot hybridization and a reverse Southern blot failed to demonstrate papillomavirus DNA in any of the samples extracted. Ultrastructural evaluation of the earliest lesions demonstrated membrane-bound intracytoplasmic vacuoles within epidermal cells in the stratum basale. Similar vacuoles were also observed in the epidermal intercellular spaces and within the dermis. Occasionally, particles with electron-dense centres and measuring 155 to 190 nm were observed in these vacuoles.

title: Cutaneous fibropapillomas of green turtles ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity2439 :: ('MESH:D014201', 'Disease') :: ['trematode']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic epidermis']

entities_list: @entity15117 :: ('8469', 'Species') :: ['Chelonia mydas']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['ballooning degeneration']

answer: @entity15117 :: (8469,Species) :: ['Chelonia mydas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity1151 (APE) is a potentially fatal condition, and making a timely diagnosis can be challenging. @entity358 ( @entity358 ) has become the modality of choice, and this contributes to the increasing load on emergency room CT scanners. Our purpose was to investigate whether an elevated d-dimer cut-off could reduce the demand for @entity358 while maintaining a high sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 referred for @entity358 with suspicion of APE in 2012, and collected d-dimer values and @entity358 results. We investigated the diagnostic performance of d-dimer using a 0.5 mg/L cut-off and an age adjusted cut-off. We also evaluated a new and elevated cut-off. Cases were categorized according to their @entity358 result into: no @entity887 , @entity1897 , lobar @entity887 . Finally we investigated a possible correlation between d-dimer values and location of @entity887 . RESULTS: We included 1,051 CTPAs, from which 216 (21%) showed @entity1151 . There were concomitant d-dimer analyses in 822 @entity358 examinations. The current 0.5 mg/L cut-off achieved a sensitivity and NPV of 99%. The age-adjusted cut-off achieved a sensitivity and NPV of 98%, and our suggested cut-off of 0.9 mg/L achieved a sensitivity and NPV of 97%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the elevated d-dimer cut-off of 0.9 mg/L achieved a high sensitivity and NPV, while reducing the number of @entity358 by 27%. The correlation between d-dimer values and location of @entity887 supports the suggestion of an elevated d-dimer value.

title: Elevated d-dimer cut-off values for computed tomography pulmonary angiography-d-dimer correlates with location of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolisms', 'embolism and central embolism', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Computed tomography pulmonary angiography', 'CTPA']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple solutes are retained in @entity5507 , but it is currently unclear which solutes are toxic. Small studies suggest that protein-bound solutes, such as @entity35926 and @entity6634 and intracellular solutes, such as @entity8776 ( @entity15745 ) and @entity9903 ( @entity3496 ), may be toxic. Our objective was to test whether elevated levels of these solutes were associated with mortality. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 521 U.S. incident hemodialysis @entity1 to evaluate associations between these solutes and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. @entity35926 , @entity6634 , @entity15745 and @entity3496 levels were measured from frozen plasma samples obtained 2 to 6  months after initiation of dialysis. Mortality data was available through 2004 using the National Death Index. RESULTS: Elevated (greater than the population median) @entity35926 , @entity15745 or @entity3496 levels were not associated with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. Elevated @entity6634 levels were associated with all-cause mortality but not cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.01, 1.69) p-value 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of 521 incident hemodialysis @entity1 , only elevated @entity6634 levels were associated with all-cause mortality. Further research is needed to identify causes of the @entity137 of @entity5507 to provide better care for @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: Retained organic solutes, XXXX characteristics and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis: results from the retained organic solutes and clinical outcomes (ROSCO) investigators.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity35926 :: ('MESH:C408690', 'Chemical') :: ['P-cresol sulfate', 'p-cresol sulfate']

entities_list: @entity9903 :: ('MESH:C034516', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylamine']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['methylamine']

entities_list: @entity6634 :: ('MESH:D007200', 'Chemical') :: ['indoxyl sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: A rapid, sensitive and specific method to quantify @entity1405 in @entity1 plasma using @entity1406 as the internal standard (IS) is described. The analyte and the IS were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using a @entity4543 solvent. After removed and dried the organic phase, the extracts were reconstituted with a fixed volume of @entity1626 -water (50/50; v/v). The extracts were analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). Chromatography was performed isocratically on Alltech Prevail C18 5 microm analytical column, (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.). The method had a chromatographic run time of 3.5 min and a linear calibration curve over the range 0.1-200 ng ml(-1) (r2>0.997992). The limit of quantification was 0.1 ng ml(-1). This HPLC- @entity15 / @entity15 procedure was used to assess the bioequivalence of two @entity1405 25 mg tablet formulations ( @entity1405 test formulation from Laborat  rios Biosint  tica Ltda and Coreg from Roche Qu  micos e Farmac  uticos S.A standard reference formulation). A single 25 mg dose of each formulation was administered to healthy volunteers. The study was conducted using an open, randomized, two-period crossover design with a 2-week wash-out interval. Since the 90% CI for C(max) and AUCs ratios were all inside the 80-125% interval proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration Agency, it was concluded that @entity1405 formulation elaborated by Laborat  rios Biosint  tica Ltda is bioequivalent to Coreg formulation for both the rate and the extent of absorption.

title: Quantification of XXXX in @entity1 plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: application to bioequivalence study.

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity4543 :: ('MESH:D004986', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl-ether']

answer: @entity1405 :: (MESH:C043211,Chemical) :: ['carvedilol']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity699 ( @entity699 ) is associated with a @entity49 state that results in a 4-fold increase in the incidence of @entity1151 , @entity1150 , and a 4-fold mortality rate compared with the general population. The incidence of @entity699 in @entity1 is approximately 2 to 5 per million per year, whereas in @entity235 it is much higher. The clinical complications of @entity699 in @entity1 are also manifested in @entity235 . We used a @entity235 model of @entity699 to better define the biochemical basis for the @entity49 state seen in the disease. DESIGN: A consecutive sample of @entity235 with @entity699 and a cohort of healthy control @entity235 identified at a "well- @entity235 check" were enrolled. All @entity235 underwent blood assays to identify the levels of procoagulant factors, natural antithrombotics, and the degree of ongoing activation of the coagulation cascade. SETTING: University veterinary medical teaching hospital. RESULTS: A total of 86 @entity235 were enrolled, 56 with @entity699 and 30 control @entity235 . Levels of procoagulation factors II, V, VII, IX, X, XII, and fibrinogen were significantly increased in @entity235 with @entity699 (P<.05). The natural antithrombotic antithrombin was significantly decreased in @entity235 with @entity699 (P<.02). Thrombin-antithrombin complexes, a marker of subclinical @entity715 , were significantly increased in @entity235 with @entity699 (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity49 state of @entity699 is demonstrated by an increase in thrombin-antithrombin complexes. This @entity49 state may be caused in part by (1) an elevation of procoagulant factors, and (2) a decrease in antithrombin. Because of the similar clinical and biochemical changes between @entity235 with @entity699 and @entity1 , this @entity235 model may be a useful tool for the future study of the @entity49 state in @entity699 .

title: Biochemical basis for the XXXX state seen in @entity699 ; discussion 1006-7.

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'Cushing syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['hypercoagulable']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2858 hypersusceptibility to non- @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) improves the response to NNRTI-containing regimens. The genetic basis for NNRTI hypersusceptibility was partly defined in our earlier analyses of a paired genotype-phenotype dataset of viral isolates from treatment-experienced @entity1 , in which we identified reverse transcriptase mutations @entity19894 , @entity48861 , and @entity24542 as being strongly associated with NNRTI hypersusceptibility. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the role of these mutations in NNRTI hypersusceptibility by site-directed mutagenesis and phenotypic analysis of @entity2858 recombinants. METHODS: Drug susceptibility and replication capacity were determined in single cycle assays. Hypersusceptibility was defined by a statistically significant (P < 0.01; Student's t-test) mean fold-change in 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of less than 0.4. RESULTS: The single mutations @entity19894 , @entity48861 , and @entity24542 did not show hypersusceptibility to efavirenz with mean fold-change of 0.58, 0.55, and 0.70, respectively (P < 0.01 and P = 0.12). The @entity48861 / @entity24542 and @entity19894 / @entity48861 / @entity24542 mutants showed marked hypersusceptibility to efavirenz, having mean fold-change values of 0.27 and 0.20, respectively (P < 0.001). In addition, @entity48861 / @entity24542 , @entity19894 / @entity24542 , and @entity19894 / @entity48861 / @entity24542 were hypersusceptible to @entity31403 and @entity5198 . The @entity19894 / @entity24542 mutant was not replication impaired; whereas @entity48861 / @entity24542 and @entity19894 / @entity48861 / @entity24542 had significantly (P < 0.01) reduced replication capacities of 40 and 35% of wild-type, respectively. CONCLUSION: Different combinations of @entity19894 , @entity48861 , and @entity24542 produce NNRTI hypersusceptibility. The @entity19894 / @entity24542 mutant is hypersusceptible to @entity31403 and @entity5198 without reduced replication capacity, whereas the @entity48861 / @entity24542 and @entity19894 / @entity48861 / @entity24542 mutants are hypersusceptible to all NNRTI and show impaired replication. These findings suggest that more than one mechanism is involved in NNRTI hypersusceptibility.

title: Reverse transcriptase mutations 118I, 208Y, and 215Y cause XXXX hypersusceptibility to non- @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity31403 :: ('MESH:D020008', 'Chemical') :: ['delavirdine']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of our efforts is to trigger the immune destruction of established @entity5 . @entity1199 can mediate the regression of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity320 and @entity1358 . In animal models, the antitumor effects of @entity1199 are mediated by T lymphocytes. Stimulation with specific antigen can enhance the ability of T cells to respond to @entity1199 by triggering the rapid upregulation of the high-affinity @entity3647 . We are seeking to design recombinant and synthetic vaccines capable of preferentially priming T cells with specificity for @entity5 cells. METHODS: The antitumor activity of experimental vaccines is being studied preclinically using recently developed @entity19 models that employ the @entity19 homologues of @entity1 @entity5 -associated antigens. Once the most effective experimental vaccines are optimized in experimental animals, clinical trials can be conducted. @entity18186 are being evaluated for their ability to mediate the regression of established @entity5 , and a variety of immunologic correlates are being measured. RESULTS: In animal models, vaccines based on molecularly defined @entity5 -associated antigens expressed in viral vectors or delivered as "naked" DNA stimulate the expansion of @entity404 + and @entity405 + @entity5 -specific T lymphocytes. Coadministration of @entity1199 with these vaccines dramatically enhances their ability to mediate the regression of established @entity5 . In the clinic, treatment of @entity320 @entity1 with peptide vaccine and @entity1199 resulted in objective responses in approximately 40% of @entity1 , a response rate more than twice that typically achieved with @entity1199 alone. Paradoxically, @entity5 -specific @entity405 + T-cell levels were not increased in these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The addition of recombinant and synthetic @entity5 vaccines to a regimen of @entity1199 can result in improved antitumor responses in both animal models and @entity320 @entity1 . Vaccine-primed, @entity5 -specific T cells may preferentially proliferate upon administration of @entity1199 . The apparent lack of increase in @entity405 + T-cell numbers in this setting suggests that the vaccine-primed T cells functionally disappear after a transient period of activation. Preventing the disappearance of activated T cells upon @entity1199 administration-for example, by blocking proapoptotic signals-may enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of anticancer vaccines.

title: The future of XXXX : enhancing therapeutic anticancer vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: Dietary change, an inconsistent nutrient intake and high levels of milk production make the early post-partum period (PP) a challenging time for the lactating dairy @entity291 . This experiment investigates the effects of two early PP nutritional management strategies (NM): abrupt introduction to pasture (AP) or a @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for 21 days followed by a gradual introduction to pasture over 7 days (GP), with (Y) or without (C) live @entity375 (YS) on milk production, energy balance (EB) and selected metabolic and reproductive variables. Forty multiparous dairy @entity291 were assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a two (AP vs. GP) by two (Y vs. C) factorial, randomized block design. The experiment was conducted from days 1 to 70 PP. Blood samples were taken on day 1, day 5 and every 10 days until day 45 to determine metabolites, whilst intake (DMI), and EB were determined during week 6 PP. Milk was sampled weekly for fat, protein and @entity1132 . Trans-rectal scanning for reproductive variables commenced on day 10 PP. Animals in the GP group had a higher DMI (p = 0.04), higher fat yield (p = 0.08) and fewer days to first ovulation (p = 0.09) vs. those in the AP group. EB (-3.5    0.67 units of energy for milk production) and body condition score loss (0.70    0.09) were not affected by NM. However, non-esterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ) (p < 0.01) were higher, and @entity413 (p = 0.02) was lower in the AP vs. the GP group. @entity4940 tended to improve EB (p = 0.09) and reduced NEFA (p < 0.01) vs. non-supplemented animals. These data suggest that offering animals a nutritionally balanced @entity348 during the first 3 weeks PP followed by a gradual introduction to pasture can improve DMI vs. pasture-based diets. Additionally, the blood metabolic profile suggests a more favourable energy status in the GP group or where YS was supplemented during the early PP period.

title: Effect of timing of post-partum introduction to pasture and supplementation with XXXX on milk production, metabolic status, energy balance and some reproductive parameters in early lactation dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total mixed ration', 'TMR']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['Supplementary YS']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: An adult male barred owl (Strix varia) was found unable to @entity238 on a pasture during the day. On presentation, several lacerations were noted on the left wing. The animal was anesthetized for radiographic examination, which revealed @entity4 and irregularity of the soft tissues of the left wing. Over the plane of the syrinx and great vessels, ill-defined soft tissue opacity was present. The anesthetic recovery was unsuccessful, and the @entity1 died. On gross necropsy, a 1 cm in diameter, round, soft, red-tan nodule, with scattered light tan to white foci was noticed between the right subclavian artery and the syrinx. The histopathology of this structure was characteristic of a @entity259 . Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to @entity3745 and pancytokeratin proteins. A blood sample, taken antemortem, was analyzed for total and free @entity1955 . Due to the lack of reference intervals for the current species, 4 blood samples from other barred owls were taken, 2 of which were clinically normal and 2 with an unhealthy status. The thyroid values were higher than the controls (total @entity1955 by radioimmunoassay [  g/dl] 1.1 vs. <0.2, <0.2, 0.6, <0.2; free @entity1955 by equilibrium dialysis [ng/dl] >10 vs. <0.3, <0.3, 2.1, <0.3). Although the other 4 birds are not intended to serve as a reference interval because of the low number and unhealthy status, findings are indicative of a productive @entity259 .

title: Productive XXXX in a wild barred owl (Strix varia).

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['mild swelling']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid follicular carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid follicular carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether @entity117 or non- @entity117 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NA-NSAIDs) prevent @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched for articles reporting the risk of @entity14 in @entity1 with @entity29 related to @entity117 or NA-NSAID use. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95%CIs were determined using a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plots and Egger's test. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and the I (2) statistic. RESULTS: Eight studies involving 14917 @entity1 and 3 studies involving 1282 @entity1 provided data on the risk of @entity14 in @entity1 with @entity29 taking NA-NSAIDs and @entity117 respectively. The pooled OR of developing @entity14 after exposure to NA-NSAIDs in @entity1 with @entity29 was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.39-1.21) and after exposure to @entity117 it was 0.66 (95%CI: 0.06-1.39). There was significant heterogeneity (I (2) > 50%) between the studies. There was no change in the effect estimates on subgroup analyses of the population studied or whether adjustment or matching was performed. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of high quality evidence on this important clinical topic. From the available evidence NA-NSAID or @entity117 use does not appear to be chemopreventative for @entity14 in @entity1 with @entity29 .

title: Does @entity117 or non- @entity117 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use prevent @entity14 in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: @entity1595 is a @entity66 thought to be caused by infection by rod-shaped bacilli. Early diagnosis remains difficult, because initial clinical features are nonspecific. Ultrasonography and computed tomographic scanning were used to demonstrate distinctive lymphadenopathy in @entity1595 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed central nervous system lesions that were reversible with antibiotic therapy. @entity827 , or recurrent @entity827 , is an @entity74 common among @entity1 of Mediterranean heritage. @entity13171 -like @entity272 are commonly described. Other @entity272 , including Sch  nlein-Henoch @entity4125 , nonspecific @entity4125 , diffuse erythema, and @entity113 are now reported. @entity8 , thought previously to be due primarily to amyloid, are also caused by immunoglobulin deposition resulting in @entity631 . @entity11533 is a @entity262 characterized by quotidian fever and a fleeting, salmon-colored rash. The long-term evolutions of juvenile-onset and @entity11533 were compared and found to be similar, except for the occurrence of @entity2783 in the latter group of @entity1 . Prognosis of @entity1 with articular features was worse than that of @entity1 with extra-articular features. A multicenter survey of Japanese @entity1 found few significant differences between Japanese and non-Japanese cases. Less well-recognized features of @entity11533 , including @entity16 , @entity1596 , and @entity298 , are reported.

title: @entity1595 , XXXX , and @entity11533 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal complications']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['Familial Mediterranean fever', 'polyserositis']

entities_list: @entity11533 :: ('MESH:D016706', 'Disease') :: ["adult-onset Still's disease", "Adult-onset Still's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity1595 :: ('MESH:D008061', 'Disease') :: ["Whipple's disease"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioneurotic edema']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['Erysipelas']

answer: @entity827 :: (MESH:D010505,Disease) :: ['familial Mediterranean fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether age is a prognostic factor of @entity0 and should be used to make treatment recommendations, because younger @entity1 are considered to have a poorer prognosis compared with that of older @entity1 and, thus, often receive more @entity146 therapy. DESIGN: A large group of @entity1 with operable @entity0 , all of whom were followed up prospectively as part of two multicenter trials. SETTING: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, was the primary hospital and study center, with 12 participating regional institutions. @entity1 : All 1353 @entity1 underwent uniform local-regional therapy that consisted of a modified radical mastectomy. @entity1 who were node negative were followed up, and @entity1 who were node positive received systemic chemoendocrine therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were followed up at regular intervals for either recurrence or @entity204 . RESULTS: @entity1 ranged in age from 22 to 75 years with a median age of 56 years. Younger @entity1 had more @entity172 receptor-negative @entity5 (P < .0001) and a greater number of positive lymph nodes (P < .0001). Of the 241 black @entity1 in the study, a greater percentage were younger compared with white @entity1 (P < .0001). Age was considered in a Cox's multivariate model, together with nodes, @entity5 diameter, @entity172 receptor content, and race. Age was not a significant predictor of either disease-free (P = .33) or overall (P = .30) survival. Using mixture models with covariates, the estimated average hazards (where lambda indicates the force of mortality) of @entity0 per year were similar (P, not significant) for @entity1 45 years old or younger (lambda = 0.061), older than 45 years but 65 years old or younger (lambda = 0.052), and older than 65 years (lambda = 0.061). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, younger @entity1 as a group have more @entity146 and advanced @entity0 at presentation compared with older @entity1 . Considered in a multivariate model, together with other variables, age does not provide independent prognostic information and should not be used alone for management decisions.

title: Age does not predict XXXX outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer deaths']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The aim of the study was to characterize @entity880 bacteria (LAB) which are components of drugs administered orally in cases of intestinal disturbances, or antibiotic--related @entity294 . Biochemical properties, growth behavior, bile tolerance, and survival at low pH of six LAB strains (four strains @entity10263 and two @entity9206 ) were studied. The survival at low pH was determined in @entity7748 broth (Difco) acidified to pH 1; 2; 3; and 4. Bile tolerance was tested on @entity7748 broth with 0.3% oxgall (Difco). Between tested strains differences in ability to grow at low pH and survival in bile were observed. Only 0.01% inoculum of all examined strains survived at pH 1. Differences between strains in survival at low pH (pH 2 and pH 3) and tolerance of bile were observed. However, after 2 h incubation at pH 4, 100% of strains stayed alive. Examined strains demonstrated good 3% bile tolerance. All strains met the criteria for probiotic strains: ability to survive at pH 3 and in the presence of bile.

title: [Characteristics of XXXX strains contained in pharmaceuticals].

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['L. acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity10263 :: (47715,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus']