abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung sequestration is a rare @entity358 and is usually diagnosed in @entity1 with recurrent @entity358 . Lung sequestrations are not commonly found to be a cause of respiratory symptoms in adults. OBJECTIVES: It was the aim of this study to show that @entity18697 is rare in advanced age and can be accompanied by @entity358 . METHODS: We conducted a case series analysis of @entity1 characteristics, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of 11 adults with a lung sequestration at the Thoraxklinik Heidelberg between 2001 and 2009. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2009, intralobar lung sequestration was diagnosed and treated in 11 adults aged 19 to 58 years with an average age of 39.9    11.3 years and a male:female distribution of 5:6. In 3 @entity1 (27.3%), the predominant symptom was hemoptysis. Recurrent @entity358 occurred in 1 @entity1 (9.1%); @entity55 and @entity1997 were detected in 2 @entity1 (18.2%). In 3 cases (27.3%), dry cough was the predominant symptom, and in only 2 cases (18.2%), lung sequestration was asymptomatic. Eight @entity1 (72.7%) were diagnosed by imaging techniques prior to surgery. In 3 cases (27.3%), diagnosis was made intraoperatively and by pathological examination. Surgical intervention included 7 lobectomies (63.6%), 3 wedge resections (27.3%) and 1 (9.1%) segmentectomy. CONCLUSION: Lung sequestration in adults is rare, but it can cause @entity358 . In cases of recurrent @entity358 of identical localization or recurrent hemoptysis, lung sequestration should be considered in order for the diagnosis to be made rapidly. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice.

title: Lung sequestration: a rare cause for XXXX in adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['lung abscess']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity18697 :: ('MESH:D001998', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sequestration']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections', 'severe pulmonary symptoms', 'congenital pulmonary disorder']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary symptoms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Dating violence is a significant health problem among youth that leads to adverse health outcomes, including injuries. Reciprocal violence (perpetrated by both partners) is associated with @entity130 in adults, but very little is known about the prevalence and context for reciprocal violence, as well as injury rates, among youth. We sought to determine the prevalence and scope of reciprocal dating violence and injury occurrence among urban youth in a high-risk community. METHODS: Analyses were based on data from the Youth Violence Survey, conducted in 2004, and administered to over 80% of public school students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 (N=4,131) in a high-risk, urban school district. The current analyses were restricted to those who reported dating in the past year and who also reported any dating violence (n=1,158). Dating violence was categorized as reciprocal (the @entity1 reported both violence perpetration and victimization) and non-reciprocal (the @entity1 report either violence perpetration or victimization, but not both). RESULTS: Dating violence reciprocity varied by sex. @entity1 who reported any dating violence were more likely to report reciprocal dating violence (50.4%) than were @entity1 (38.9%). However, reciprocity did not vary by race/ethnicity or grade level. Reciprocal dating violence was more common among @entity1 who reported more frequent violence experiences. Reciprocal violence was also associated with greater injury occurrences relative to non-reciprocal relationships (10.1% versus 1.2%). CONCLUSION: Reciprocal dating violence is common among adolescents and leads more often to injury outcomes. In particular, relationships in which @entity1 report reciprocal violence against their partner appear to lead to more frequent injury occurrences. These findings underscore the importance of addressing dating violence and factors that increase risk for reciprocal violence and therefore exacerbate injury occurrence.

title: Nonreciprocal and Reciprocal Dating Violence and XXXX among Urban Youth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['increased injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Injury Occurrence']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Although complete excision of @entity0 is accepted as the best means to reduce local recurrence and thereby improve survival, there is currently no standard margin width for breast conservation surgery. As a result, significant variability exists in the number of additional operations or repeat surgeries @entity1 undergo to establish @entity5 -negative margins. OBJECTIVE: To determine the @entity1 , @entity5 , and facility factors that influence repeat surgery rates in US @entity1 undergoing breast conservation surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity0 at a Commission on @entity5 accredited center from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2010, and identified via the National @entity5 Data Base, a large observational database, were included in the analysis. A total of 316   114 @entity1 with stage 0 to II @entity0 who underwent initial breast conservation surgery were studied. @entity1 who were neoadjuvantly treated or whose conditions were diagnosed by excisional biopsy were excluded. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: @entity1 , @entity5 , and facility factors associated with repeat surgeries. RESULTS: A total of 241   597 @entity1 (76.4%) underwent a single lumpectomy, whereas 74   517 (23.6%) underwent at least 1 additional operation, of whom 46   250 (62.1%) underwent a completion lumpectomy and 28   267 (37.9%) underwent a mastectomy. The proportion of @entity1 undergoing repeat surgery decreased slightly during the study period from 25.4% to 22.7% (P   <   .001). Independent predictors of repeat surgeries were age, race, insurance status, comorbidities, histologic subtype, @entity172 receptor status, pathologic @entity5 size, node status, @entity5 grade, facility type and location, and volume of @entity0 cases. Age was inversely associated with repeat surgery, decreasing from 38.5% in @entity1 18 to 29 years old to 16.5% in those older than 80 years (P   <   .001). In contrast, larger @entity5 size was linearly associated with a higher repeat surgery rate (P   <   .001). Repeat surgeries were most common at facilities located in the Northeast region (26.5%) compared with facilities in the Mountain region, where only 18.4% of @entity1 underwent repeat surgery (P   <   .001). Academic or research facilities had a 26.0% repeat surgery rate compared with a rate of 22.4% at community facilities (P   <   .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Approximately one-fourth of all @entity1 who undergo initial breast conservation surgery for @entity0 will have a subsequent operative intervention. The rate of repeat surgeries varies by @entity1 , @entity5 , and facility factors and has decreased slightly during the past 6 years.

title: Repeat Surgery After Breast Conservation for the Treatment of Stage 0 to II XXXX : A Report From the National @entity5 Data Base, 2004-2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Carcinoma']


abstract: In this single centre prospective, double blind study, 98 @entity1 with suspected @entity583 ( @entity583 ) were randomized, within six hours, to @entity594 10 mg (46 @entity1 ) or placebo (52 @entity1 ) both administered sublingually. The delay time from onset of @entity662 to treatment was 3.33 +/- 0.2 hours (mean +/- SEM) and 3.28 +/- 0.18 hours for the @entity594 and placebo treated groups, respectively. Treatment was continued orally for 3 days. @entity583 was confirmed in 28 @entity1 given @entity594 and 23 @entity1 given placebo. @entity1188 sizing by CK-MB isoenzyme release was possible, for technical reasons, in only 23 @entity1 on @entity594 and 17 @entity1 on placebo. CK-MB isoenzyme release was 710 +/- 104 IU l-1 and 655 +/- 118 IU l-1 for the @entity594 and placebo treated groups respectively (P greater than 0.05). In the @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) group--18 @entity1 given @entity594 and 29 @entity1 given placebo--there was no significant difference in duration of admission, urgent cardiac readmission or progression to @entity583 within one month. Study withdrawal occurred in 15.3%--8 @entity594 and 7 placebo. Overall, one month mortality was 10.2% with 5 deaths in both the @entity594 and placebo treated groups. Early treatment with @entity594 did not reduce enzymatically determined @entity1188 size or one month mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 , or reduce one month morbidity or mortality in @entity1 with @entity1187 .

title: Effect of early treatment with @entity594 in suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary insufficiency', 'ACI']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Randomized trials have demonstrated a reduction in local recurrence rate in @entity5 @entity1 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and total mesorectal excision (TME) compared to @entity1 undergoing TME alone. Accordingly, preoperative chemoradiotherapy in all UICC stages II and III @entity5 has been recommended in the German treatment guidelines as of 2004. However, this policy has been questioned in recent years, partly due to concern regarding an increase in postoperative complications through preoperative therapy. Studies on this issue are sparse; most have been conducted in specialized centers, included relatively few @entity1 , and yielded partly contradicting results. It was the aim of our analysis to investigate the influence of preoperative chemoradiotherapy on @entity1494 in @entity5 @entity1 using a representative data set from the Quality Assurance in @entity5 Surgery multicenter observational trial. METHOD: This is a retrospective analysis of data from the Quality Assurance in @entity5 Surgery prospective multicenter observational trial. Data of all @entity1 undergoing curatively intended sphincter-preserving resection for UICC stage I through III @entity189 between 01 Jan 2005 and 31 Dec 2007 with or without preoperative chemoradiotherapy (groups A and B, respectively) were included. Multivariate statistical analysis using propensity score analysis was carried out regarding outcome parameters total @entity834 rate, rate of @entity834 requiring reoperation, and postoperative @entity1494 . RESULTS: A total of 2,085 @entity1 were included (group A, n   =   676, group B, n   =   1,409). Significant differences were present between groups regarding age, sex, distance of the @entity5 from the anal verge, pT-stage, UICC stage, hepatic risk factors, and use of protective enterostomy by univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression including these parameters was used to calculate the propensity score (likelihood to be assigned to group A or B as a consequence of the individual profile of these factors) for each @entity1 . When outcome parameters were compared between groups A and B after stratification for propensity score, no significant differences regarding postoperative @entity1494 (p   =   0.12), total @entity834 rate (p   =   0.56), and @entity834 requiring reoperation (p   =   0.56) could be demonstrated. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for @entity189 does not increase the risk for @entity834 or postoperative @entity1494 after curatively intended sphincter-preserving rectal resection.

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for @entity189 : effects on @entity1494 after non-emergency sphincter-preserving anterior rectal resection. Results of the Quality Assurance in XXXX Surgery multicenter observational trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leaks', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak rate and postoperative bladder dysfunction', 'bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Rectal Cancer', 'rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of internal urethrotomy with endoscopically placed small intestinal submucosa (SIS) graft for treatment of selected cases of recurrent @entity3832 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective study included 10 @entity1 with recurrent inflammatory bulbar @entity3832 of 0.5-2 cm in length with no dense spongiofibrosis. Following the 12 o'clock visual internal urethrotomy, a prepared 12F Foley's @entity6619 catheter with the SIS patch was introduced into the urethra over a preplaced super-stiff guidewire. The advancement of this catheter was monitored via a 15F urethroscope to enable us to put its balloon with the overlying SIS patch at the site of the urethral incision. Thereafter, the balloon was inflated with saline and the catheter was secured with a silk suture to the glans. In addition, a suprapubic cystostomy was fixed for bladder drainage. These catheters were kept in place for 2 weeks. The @entity1 were followed up at regular intervals using uroflowmetry and ascending urethrography. RESULTS: At 3-month follow-up, only two cases showed mild recurrent stricture and the rest of cases had a normally patent functional urethra. The subsequent follow-up studies of all the eight successful cases for 12-18 months revealed no evidence of recurrent stricture in all of them and no more interventions were required for any of them. On the other hand, the two cases with recurrent stricture showed a satisfactory response to regular monthly @entity384 . CONCLUSION: Endoscopic urethroplasty using SIS patch can be considered as a minimally invasive solution for cases with recurrent, short @entity3832 that are associated with mild spongiofibrosis.

title: Endoscopic urethroplasty using small intestinal submucosal patch in cases of recurrent XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['urethral dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture']

answer: @entity3832 :: (MESH:D014525,Disease) :: ['urethral stricture']


abstract: PURPOSE: The incidence of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) depends on the test battery and calculation method used. The measurements may be performed with a paper and pencil test battery or with a computerized test battery. The objective of this study was to measure the incidence and congruence of @entity73 by comparing a computerized test battery with a paper and pencil test battery in the same @entity1 population. METHODS: In total, 67 @entity1 were included: 30 consecutive in- @entity1 undergoing surgery under general anesthesia and 37 non-surgical out- @entity1 as control. @entity1 were tested with a paper and pencil test battery and a computerized test battery on inclusion in the study and 7 days later. Both test batteries covered the cognitive domains: visual attention, @entity4207 , and speed of processing. RESULTS: The computerized test battery classified 10.0% (95% CI 3.5-25.6%) of the @entity1 as suffering from @entity73 whereas the paper and pencil test battery classified 30.0% (95% CI 16.7-47.9%) as suffering (95% CI for difference 3.9-36.5%, P = 0.03). The inter-rater reliability between both test batteries showed moderate agreement (Cohen's kappa of 0.41). All @entity1 identified by use of the computerized test battery were also identified with the paper and pencil test battery. The paper and pencil test battery identified 6 additional cases. CONCLUSION: In our study we demonstrated that the incidence of @entity73 measured with computerized test battery and paper and pencil test battery showed moderate inter-rater reliability. Use of neuropsychological test batteries theoretically covering the same cognitive domains does not automatically lead to the same classification of @entity73 .

title: XXXX : computerized and conventional tests showed only moderate inter-rater reliability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['POCD', 'postoperative cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['visual learning, memory']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Postoperative cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The worldwide increase of @entity6 , a long duration, slow progression disease, impacts health care costs. The aim of this study was to estimate, from the society's perspective, the annual cost per @entity1 with @entity2175 (T2DM) at a specialized, outpatient center in the city of S  o Paulo, capital of S  o Paulo state, Brazil. METHODS: Data from 209 @entity1 were collected during the years 2009 and 2010 in a S  o Paulo @entity6 care center which is part of the tertiary sector of SUS, Brazil's National Health Care System. Data were collected by means of interviews and reviews of medical charts, and the quality of life was appraised using the SF36-v2 questionnaire. Direct medical costs were divided in five categories: 1) medication; 2) laboratory tests; 3) hospitalizations and procedures; 4) reactive strips for capillary blood @entity413 monitoring; and 5) medical consultations. Direct non-medical costs referred to transportation of @entity1 and companion for treatment. Indirect costs included @entity8658 , sick leave and absenteeism in the workplace. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by the SPSS software, version 17.0. RESULTS: Our sample comprised 122 @entity1 (58%) and 87 @entity1 (42%), with mean age of 63  years and average @entity6 duration of 13  years. The mean annual cost was US  1,844 per @entity1 , out of which US  1,012 corresponded to direct costs (55%) and US  831 to indirect costs (45%). From the direct medical costs, medications accounted for the greatest proportion (42%), followed by reactive strips (27%), hospitalizations and procedures (14%), laboratory tests and image examinations (7%), as well as medical consultations (4%). Non-medical costs (transportation) corresponded to 7% of the total direct costs. Besides, the results indicated that @entity1 have better quality of life than @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a high T2DM cost in Brazil, considering the governmental per capita expenses in health care, which accounted for US  466 in 2010 (World Health Statistics 2013 96-104 2013). Taking into account the high prevalence of the disease ( @entity6 . 5th edition. 29-48 2012), this survey recommends the enforcement of policies for the prevention of @entity6 and its complications, and urges for better allocation of healthcare resources.

title: The cost of type 2 @entity6 in Brazil: evaluation of a XXXX care center in the city of S  o Paulo, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['early retirements']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'IDF Diabetes Atlas']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: 1. Single-unit extracellular recordings of optic tract fibers were used to study ganglion cell (GC) response properties of the intact cat eye before and after the intravitreal injection of @entity1767 or @entity10095 , @entity935 -specific antagonists. Nearly all of the dopaminergic cells in the cat retina are amacrine cells (ACs); thus the @entity935 antagonists are thought to primarily block the postsynaptic effects of these dopaminergic amacrine cells. All GCs encountered were subjected to a battery of @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) tests, including classification as X or Y, and as ON or OFF. 2. The effects of @entity1767 were greatest in the light-adapted OFF-center pathways and especially in the OFF-center Y-cell. Within 30 min of @entity1767 injection, both the spontaneous and light-evoked activity of the OFF-center Y-cell fell to zero, but when the same cell was exposed to lower levels of steady-state background illumination (scotopic levels), the response of the cell once again became robust. 3. OFF-Center Y-cells that had partially recovered from the drug effects and OFF-center X-cells recorded when the drug effect was maximal both possessed intensity-response curves that were shifted to the right of normal. 4. Recovery from the drug effects reflect supranormal responses after the initial response reductions and may be due to @entity1767 's action on the @entity935 autoreceptor. 5. Of the ON-center cells, only the Y-cells showed response alterations; possessing higher spontaneous activities and slightly reduced amplitudes to @entity2194 center (RFC) illumination. 6. The effects of @entity10095 paralleled those of @entity1767 except that the onset was faster and the duration of the action of @entity10095 was much shorter, and no supranormal responses followed the initial effects. 7. Dark-adaptation functions of OFF-center GCs revealed a normal rod-cone shift; however, @entity10095 eliminated the rod-cone break, and threshold quickly fell to that of the rod mechanism. 8. The dopaminergic neurons of the cat retina appear to play an important role in regulating the activity of retinal OFF-center pathways in the photopically adapted eye, and one of its functions may be to control the relative contributions of the rod and cone systems to the response properties of light-adapted OFF-center GCs. 9. It is argued that @entity935 is released in the light and enhances cone pathway activity, perhaps in the outer retina at bipolar and horizontal cells, and suppresses rod pathway activity, perhaps in the inner retina at amacrine cells.

title: The retinal XXXX network alters the adaptational properties of retinal ganglion cells in the cat.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'receptive-field']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: A total of 121 spontaneous @entity5701 of the skin were identified in 70 of 11,171 male and 51 of 10,927 female Fischer-344/ @entity35 in 63 2-yr carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National @entity5 Institute's Carcinogenicity Testing Program/National Toxicology Program. @entity5701 had characteristic anatomical locations and histologic features distinguishable from Schwann cell @entity5 . Of the 121 @entity5 , 84, 19, 10, and 8 cases occurred in the pinna, eyelid, scrotum, and perianal region (anus and tail), respectively. @entity5701 originated from the dermis and consisted of spindle cells arranged in an interlacing fascicular pattern often with a perivascular orientation; epithelioid cells were rarely seen. Only the @entity5 arising in the pinna metastasized to the lung and/or mandibular lymph nodes. The metastatic rate was 19% (16/84) of the @entity5 and was clearly increased with an increase in @entity5 size. Most metastasizing @entity5 had focal areas consisting of anaplastic spindle cells with an increased number of mitosis. The @entity5 cells stained positive for S-100 protein but negative for melanin. Ultrastructurally, the @entity5 were diagnosed as @entity5701 based on the identification of numerous, intracytoplasmic premelanosomes without melanin formation in the @entity5 cells which were not enveloped by pericytoplasmic basal laminae. One localized @entity5701 of the pinna was successfully transplanted to the subcutaneous tissue in the flank of 3 Fischer-344/ @entity35 .

title: Pathology and incidence of XXXX of the skin in F-344/ @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic melanomas', 'Amelanotic melanomas', 'amelanotic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5701 :: (MESH:D018328,Disease) :: ['amelanotic melanomas']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine whether @entity384 has any effect on anterior chamber flare measurements using a Kowa laser flare meter (FM-500) in @entity1 with @entity6990 ( @entity6990 ). Twenty-five eyes of 25 consecutive @entity1 with @entity6990 were assessed for anterior chamber @entity32 by an experienced operator using the Kowa laser flare meter. Ten measurements were taken in total, with the highest and the lowest measurements deducted. The mean value and standard deviation was then recorded. One drop of @entity12023 1% and @entity2647 2.5% was then applied and after 30 min the measurements were repeated and the results recorded. Sixteen @entity1 (64%) and nine @entity1 (36%) were recruited. The majority of @entity1 were white Caucasian (68%). Fifteen left and ten right eyes were studied and the median (interquartile range: IQR) visual acuity was 6/9 (6/6-6/18). Iris colour was classified as brown, blue, grey/hazel and hazel. Thirteen eyes (52%) had @entity3312 , eight (32%) had blue, two had grey and the remainder were grey/hazel and hazel. The mean (SD) age was 50.8 (12.59) years. The median (IQR) flare reading before dilation was 17.93 (8.33-29.93) and after dilation was 15.97 (10.17-29.4). The mean change was -0.74 which was not a statistically significantly different to 0 (P=0.25) and the 95% limits of agreements ranged from -6.91 to 5.43. This study showed little evidence of any systematic difference between dilated and undilated flare measurements. The measurement of flare was not affected by the dilation of the pupil and measurements could be taken before or after papillary dilation for the purpose of @entity1 follow-up data and clinical studies.

title: Quantitative assessment of the effects of @entity384 on aqueous flare in eyes with XXXX using laser flare photometry.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6990 :: ('MESH:D014606', 'Disease') :: ['CAU', 'chronic anterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary dilation']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3312 :: ('MESH:D002095', 'Disease') :: ['brown irises']

entities_list: @entity12023 :: ('MESH:D014331', 'Chemical') :: ['tropicamide']

answer: @entity6990 :: (MESH:D014606,Disease) :: ['chronic anterior uveitis']


abstract: Major mechanical @entity130 causes a severe suppression of B-cell differentiation and IgM synthesis in mononuclear leukocyte cultures. In this study the effect of recombinant lymphokines and physiologic T-cell supernatants on B-cell differentiation was investigated. The influence of potentially suppressing monocytes and positive regulatory T-lymphocytes was eliminated using purified B-cell cultures. Antigen-induced IgM synthesis was reduced on all days following @entity130 . Addition of recombinant @entity1199 or T-cell supernatant enhanced but did not restore IgM synthesis. Although recombinant @entity3646 and recombinant interferon gamma had a suppressive effect on IgM synthesis in controls, both lymphokines were ineffective in the @entity1 ' IgM synthesis. Spontaneous IgG production in @entity1 was dramatically elevated, and the addition of lymphokines did not show any enhancing effect in @entity1 . These results demonstrate that the IgM/IgG shift observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures also exists in purified B-cell cultures. @entity1199 partially restored suppressed IgM synthesis, while @entity3646 and interferon gamma were ineffective in @entity1 ' B-cell differentiation. @entity1199 was the most effective lymphokine for the induction of Ig synthesis. These results lead us to conclude that the altered B-cell metabolism might also be responsible for the suppression of humoral immunity following @entity130 .

title: Dynamics of immunoglobulin synthesis after major XXXX . Influence of recombinant lymphokines.

entities_list: @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 2', 'Interleukin 2']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mid-dermal elastolysis is a rare disorder of elastic tissue which is characterized clinically by wrinkling of the skin and histologically by the selective absence of elastic fibers in the mid dermis. Two @entity1 with severe @entity1736 and a loss of the lateral tarsal suspension are reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: A 36-year-old male @entity1 presented with @entity1736 , @entity272 and a loss of lateral tarsal suspension. With normal clinical and routine laboratory investigations, punch biopsy revealed clear signs of mid-dermal elastolysis. Plastic surgery of both eyelids (levator advancement) was performed with good success after a 1-year interval without progression of @entity1736 . Another 37 year old @entity1 suffered from mild @entity1736 , @entity272 and a loss of lateral tarsal suspension. As the @entity1 chose not to have surgical treatment, he was treated with oral @entity288 . To differentiate between an acute and a chronic type of elastolysis a punch biopsy is required. In addition, we want to highlight the surgical option in chronic and non-progressive cases. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to formerly reported localized forms of acute acquired @entity15616 with complete loss of elastic fibres in the reticular and papillary dermis, we report a chronic type of elastolysis in these @entity1 . In our experience in cases without any apparent progression of symptoms a surgical repair can provide long-term success.

title: [Elastolysis of the eyelids. A rare cause of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin atrophy of the eyelids']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['ptosis', 'bilateral ptosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1736 :: (MESH:D001763,Disease) :: ['ptosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to define the risk factors associated with different @entity732 , such as @entity49 and @entity7995 . @entity1 with any of these entities entered the study. @entity1 AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study on 284 consecutive subjects, aged 25-93, who were initially attended at the ophthalmology unit and then sent to the internal medicine unit. RESULTS: We included 284 @entity1 , 52% @entity1 , 48% @entity1 , aged 62+/-12 years (range 25-93). @entity2994 was observed in 66% (IC 95%: 60.4-71.5), followed by @entity6810 in 21% (IC 95%: 16.1-25.8) and @entity1416 in 11% (IC 95 %: 7.29-14.7). Vascular risk factors were frequently recorded, especially @entity101 in 50% (IC 95%: 44. 0-55.9) and @entity209 in 39% (IC 95%: 33.2-44.7). @entity49 showed an association with @entity101 and with @entity4346 , especially central @entity715 (54%, p<0.009). Among those with @entity28 was less frequently observed (p=0.04), but these @entity1 showed significantly (p<0.001) more vascular bruits, carotideal @entity1856 plaques and @entity455 . Anterior optic @entity5013 was significantly associated with @entity28 , overweight, and @entity6 . No differences were observed regarding inflammatory markers (CRP, @entity310 , @entity650 and @entity688 ) among the different @entity732 analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Occlusive @entity989 are associated with vascular risk factors, but the association is specific for each entity.

title: [Vascular risk factors and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['extraocular vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'arterial embolism obesity']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolism']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['retinal venous thrombosis, arterial emboli', 'Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic anterior optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal occlusive diseases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5013 :: ('MESH:D009443', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic neuritis']

answer: @entity732 :: (MESH:D015356,Disease) :: ['retinal occlusive disease']


abstract: @entity1323 virus (AIV) monitoring in migratory birds has been performed in Taiwan since 1998. From 1998 to 2007, 29,287 samples were collected from wild @entity4186 , shorebirds, and other wild birds in the four wetlands around Taiwan and at two outside islets, Penghu and Kinmen. Virus isolation was performed for all collected samples by inoculating @entity1573 embryos. The AIV in the allantoic fluid was identified using hemagglutination and reverse transcription PCR. The AIV prevalence from those samples was 0.81% (237/29,287). The peak prevalence reached 1.06% (186/17,493) from September to December, during which time migrating @entity4186 came from the North. The prevalence from January to April was 0.51%. However, no virus was isolated from May to August. The partial HA genes of 28 H4 AIVs were sequenced and analyzed. The phylogenetic tree showed that a correlation existed between the isolation years and the evolutional distances. The pathogenicity of the isolated H5 and H7 AIVs was determined by intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) testing in specific-pathogen-free @entity1573 and by HA cleavage sequencing. Using the IVPI test and the HA cleavage sequences, all of the H5 or H7 AIVs isolated were determined to be low pathogenicity AIVs.

title: XXXX monitoring in migrating birds in Taiwan during 1998-2007.

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'chickens']

entities_list: @entity1323 :: ('MESH:D005585', 'Disease') :: ['Avian influenza']

answer: @entity1323 :: (MESH:D005585,Disease) :: ['Avian influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: All four PARs are present in the urinary bladder, and their expression is altered during @entity32 . In order to search for therapeutic targets other than the receptors themselves, we set forth to determine TFs downstream of PAR activation in the C57BL/6 urinary bladders. METHODS: For this purpose, we used a protein/DNA combo array containing 345 different TF consensus sequences. Next, the TF selected was validated by EMSA and IHC. As mast cells seem to play a fundamental role in @entity1494 , we determined whether c-kit receptor deficient (Kit w/Kit w-v) @entity19 have an abrogated response to PAR stimulation. Finally, @entity13383 antibody was used for CHIP/Q-PCR assay and revealed up-regulation of genes known to be downstream of @entity13383 . RESULTS: @entity13383 , a member of the MiTF family of basic helix-loop-helix @entity368 zipper, was the only TF commonly up-regulated by all PAR-APs. IHC results confirm a correlation between @entity32 and @entity13383 expression in C57BL/6 @entity19 . In contrast, Kit w/Kit w-v @entity19 did not exhibit @entity32 in response to PAR activation. EMSA results confirmed the increased @entity13383 binding activity in C57BL/6 but not in Kit w/Kit w-v @entity19 . CONCLUSION: This is the first report describing the increased expression of @entity13383 in @entity1494 in response to PAR activation. As @entity13383 belongs to a family of TFs essential for mast cell survival, our findings suggest that this molecule may influence the participation of mast cells in PAR-mediated @entity32 and that targeting @entity13383 /MiTF activity may be a novel approach for the treatment of bladder @entity32 .

title: Transcription factor network downstream of protease activated receptors (PARs) modulating @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder inflammation']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder inflammation']


abstract: The occurrences and timing of reproduction-related events, such as menarche, first birth, and menopause, play major roles in a @entity1 's life. There is a lack of comparative information on the overall patterns of the ages at and the timing between these events among different populations of the world. This study describes the variability in reproductive factors across populations in Europe, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The study sample consisted of 18,997 @entity1 from 13 centers in 11 countries interviewed between 1979 and 1988 who comprised the control group in a World Health Organization international, multicenter case-control study of female @entity5 . All were surveyed with the same questionnaire and methodology. Overall, a typical @entity1 in this study reached menarche at age 14 years and delivered her first live @entity1 8 years later, at age 22. She was 50 years old at natural menopause and had had 36 years of reproductive life. The median ages at menarche varied across centers from 13 to 16 years. For all centers, the median age at first livebirth was 20 or more years, with the largest observed median (25 years) occurring in China. The median delay from menarche to first livebirth ranged from 5 to 11 years. Among the centers, the median age at natural menopause ranged between 49 and 52 years. In most populations, younger @entity1 had a first birth at a later age than did older @entity1 . This tendency was more accentuated in some populations. These results reveal, perhaps for the first time, the variability of reproductive histories across different populations in a large variety of geographic and cultural settings. Except for menopause, international variability is substantial for both biologically related variables (age at menarche) and culturally related variables (age at first birth). There is a generational effect, characterized by more variability of age at first birth and delay to first birth in the younger than in the older generations.

title: International variability in ages at menarche, first livebirth, and menopause. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of XXXX and Steroid Contraceptives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'child', 'women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Neoplasia']


abstract: @entity442 ( @entity442 ) is a potent mitogen for @entity1 @entity0 cells in vitro. In circulation, most of @entity442 is bound to @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ). This high-affinity binding is thought to have an important limiting effect on the availability of @entity442 for biological activity. To assess the availability of @entity442 for receptor binding, we determined serum levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 and @entity442 / @entity2301 ratios. In a case-control study, 150 @entity1 aged 38 to 75 years presenting with stage-I or -II @entity0 were investigated just prior to surgery (n = 76), or to irradiation one month after surgery (n = 74). The population-based control group consisted of 441 @entity1 of the same age having no @entity0 . @entity1 reporting @entity6 or other hormonal abnormalities were excluded. Premenopausal cases showed elevated @entity442 serum concentrations, decreased @entity2301 levels and increased @entity442 / @entity2301 ratios. The @entity442 / @entity2301 ratio was a significant @entity0 risk factor, also after adjustment for age, family history, height, body-mass index, body-fat distribution, and serum levels of C-peptide. The relative risk was 7.34 for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of @entity442 / @entity2301 . The presence or absence of @entity5 had no influence on these results. Increased levels of available @entity442 in the circulation of pre-menopausal @entity1 may contribute to the development of @entity0 .

title: @entity2301 is decreased in early-stage operable pre-menopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast-cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'IGF-binding protein 3']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ganglionated plexi ablation during @entity955 surgery is not technically standardized for precise ganglionated plexi locations or ablation sequence. We aimed to identify precise active ganglionated plexi locations in @entity1 with structural @entity299 and explore the feasibility of anatomic ganglionated plexi ablation without prior mapping in @entity1 with @entity955 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity340 -associated @entity955 underwent ganglionated plexi ablation and a modified maze procedure. In 20 @entity1 , ganglionated plexi mapping was performed to identify active plexi. According to mapping results, anatomically determined plexi were ablated without mapping in the final 10 @entity1 . Ganglionated plexi ablation outcomes with and without prior mapping were compared between perioperative and early postoperative periods. RESULTS: Active ganglionated plexi common to more than 20% of @entity1 were identified in the superior and inferior right pulmonary veins, superior left pulmonary vein, interatrial groove, and inferior left atrium. Inferior left @entity955 resulted in maximum vagal modulation. Compared with ablation using mapping, anatomic ablation yielded more vagal modulation in heart rate variability and decreased the requisite cardiopulmonary bypass time. CONCLUSIONS: The sequential pacing and ablation technique identified an optimal ablation sequence that best ensured vagal reflex elimination from all ganglionated plexi. Anatomic ablation using a predetermined ganglionated plexi map may be a viable alternative to individual plexus mapping before ablation.

title: Exploration of Theoretical Ganglionated Plexi Ablation Technique in XXXX Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial plexi ablation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To understand the changes in gene expression in @entity6582 vera (PV) progenitor cells and their relationship to JAK2V617F. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Messenger RNA isolated from @entity2280 (+) cells from nine PV @entity1 and normal controls was profiled using Affymetrix arrays. Gene expression change mediated by JAK2V617F was determined by profiling @entity2280 (+) cells transduced with the kinase and by analysis of @entity1778 cell lines harboring JAK2V617F, treated with an inhibitor. RESULTS: A PV expression signature was enriched for genes involved in hematopoietic development, inflammatory responses, and cell proliferation. By quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, 23 genes were consistently deregulated in all @entity1 samples. Several of these genes such as @entity8587 and @entity4730 were regulated by @entity4016 , whereas others such as @entity18137 and @entity22213 seemed to be deregulated in PV by a @entity4016 -independent mechanism. Using cell line models and comparing gene expression profiles of cell lines and PV @entity2280 (+) PV specimens, we have identified panels of 14 @entity4016 -dependent genes and 12 @entity4016 -independent genes. These two 14- and 12-gene sets could separate not only PV from normal @entity2280 (+) specimens, but also other MPN such as @entity1148 and primary @entity4018 from their normal counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of the aberrant gene expression in PV progenitor cells can be attributed to the action of the mutant kinase, but there remain a significant number of genes characteristic of the disease but deregulated by as yet unknown mechanisms. Genes deregulated in PV as a result of the action of JAK2V617F or independent of the kinase may represent other targets for therapy.

title: Transcriptional profiling of XXXX vera identifies gene expression patterns both dependent and independent from the action of JAK2V617F.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['polycythemia']


abstract: Intrathecal administration of the excitatory @entity535 (EAA) agonists, @entity1024 ( @entity143 ), @entity14425 (Quis) or @entity4176 (KA), in the spinal subarachnoid space of @entity19 produced a dose-related biting and scratching behavior. Higher doses appeared aversive, suggesting a nociceptive action for EAAs in the spinal cord. Intrathecally administered @entity143 , but not Quis or KA, produced a @entity1931 effect in the tail-flick and hot-plate tests. To test the hypothesis that EAA agonists are involved in transmission of nociceptive information in the spinal cord, we tested the effect of various opioid, sigma and @entity12781 compounds on the action of @entity143 in the tail-flick, hot-plate and biting and scratching nociceptive tests. Our results indicated that the involvement of mu, sigma and @entity12781 receptors was predominant in blockade of the behavioral and @entity1931 effects of intrathecally administered @entity143 . Delta receptors appeared less involved, and involvement of kappa receptors was not detectable in blockade of the behavioral and @entity1931 effects of intrathecally administered @entity143 . Quis and KA effects were not altered by any of these agonists. Agonist doses required to inhibit @entity143 -induced @entity1931 in the tail-flick and hot-plate tests were significantly less than those needed to inhibit biting and scratching behavior. The adrenergic agonist @entity1063 inhibited @entity143 - but not Quis- or KA-induced biting and scratching behavior. This action appeared to be alpha-1 mediated because it was reversed by @entity5521 but not by @entity3160 . These results suggest that the actions of EAAs in the spinal cord are differentially affected by various opioid @entity12781 , sigma and adrenergic receptor agonists and support the hypothesis that EAAs are involved in the transmission of nociceptive information in the spinal cord.

title: Nociceptive action of excitatory amino acids in the @entity19 : effects of spinally administered opioids, XXXX and sigma agonists.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity14425 :: ('MESH:D016318', 'Chemical') :: ['quisqualate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity12781 :: (MESH:D010622,Chemical) :: ['phencyclidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional stemmed anatomical shoulder prostheses are widely used in the treatment of @entity571 . The stemless shoulder prosthesis, in contrast, is a new concept, and fewer outcome studies are available. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the early functional outcome and postoperative proprioception of a stemless prosthesis in comparison with a standard stemmed anatomic shoulder prosthesis. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (mean age 68.3  years [SD        5.4]; 5 female, 7 male) with primary @entity571 of the shoulder were enrolled, who underwent @entity348 ( @entity348 ) with a stemless total shoulder prosthesis, Total Evolution Shoulder System (TESS  ; Biomed, France). The control group consisted of twelve (age and gender matched) @entity1 (mean age 67.8  years; [SD        7.1]; 9 female, 3 male), getting a @entity348 with a standard anatomic stemmed prosthesis, Aequalis   Shoulder (Tournier, Lyon, France). @entity1 were examined the day before and six months after surgery. The pre- and postoperative Constant Score (CS) was evaluated and proprioception was measured in a 3D video motion analysis study using an active angle-reproduction (AAR) test. RESULTS: Comparing the postoperative CS, there was no significant difference between the groups treated with the TESS   prosthesis (48.0        13.8 points) and the Aequalis   prosthesis (49.3        8.6 points; p   =   0.792). There was no significant difference in postoperative proprioception between the TESS   group (7.2   [SD        2.8]) and the Aequalis   group(8.7   [SD        2.7]; p   =   0.196), either. Comparison of in the results of CS and AAR test pre- and postoperatively showed no significant differences between the groups. DISCUSSION: In @entity1 with @entity571 , treated with @entity348 , the functional and the proprioceptive outcome is comparable between a stemless and a standard stemmed anatomic shoulder prosthesis at early followup. CONCLUSION: Further follow-up is necessary regarding the long-term performance of this prosthesis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials DRKS 00007528 . Registered 17 November 2014.

title: Are there differences between stemless and conventional stemmed shoulder prostheses in the treatment of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total shoulder arthroplasty', 'TSA']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['glenohumeral osteoarthritis']


abstract: The anticonvulsant properties of @entity1068 leaf extract of Spathodea campanulata, a plant used in traditional medicine to treat @entity410 and @entity302 , were studied in @entity19 using @entity5093 -, @entity5094 -, and electroshock-induced models in @entity19 . Other central nervous system effects and anticonvulsant-related activities such as the effects on position sense, righting reflex, Rota-Rod performance, phenobarbital sleep time, and @entity4944 -induced stereotypy were also investigated. The acute @entity137 potential in @entity19 was determined by the oral route. The results showed that the administration of S. campanulata extract (250-1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) 30 minutes prior to intraperitoneal administration of @entity5093 (70 mg/kg) or @entity5094 (5 mg/kg) protected the treated @entity19 against the respective @entity5093 - and @entity5094 -induced @entity410 in a dose-dependent manner, offering 100% protection at the maximum dose of 1,000 mg/kg. The extract increased the threshold of maximum electroshock and reduced duration of @entity410 episodes, dose-dependently. Oral administration of S. campanulata @entity1068 extract did not significantly (P > .05) affect other centrally coordinated behaviors and @entity410 -related properties such as position sense, righting reflex, Rota-Rod performance, phenobarbital sleep time, and @entity4944 -induced stereotypy in treated animals. The oral median lethal dose of the extract was estimated as 4.5 g/kg. These results show that the @entity1068 leaf extracts of S. campanulata possess anticonvulsant activity. The results also show that S. campanulata extract is nonsedating, has no antipsychotic properties, and may not affect motor coordination when used as an anticonvulsant.

title: Anticonvulsant activity of XXXX leaf extract of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv (Bignoniaceae).

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'convulsion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 in @entity3541 @entity1 is a serious disability that can even threaten vision. Eye reanimation techniques and specifically blink restoration reinstates the cornea's protective mechanism and recovers a more natural appearance and eye function. Both dynamic and static procedures have been used to augment eye closure, but only dynamic procedures can lead to blink restoration. In this study, the experience of a single surgeon (J.K.T.) with dynamic procedures addressing the challenge of blink restoration is presented. METHODS: A retrospective review of 95 adult @entity1 who underwent dynamic procedures for blink restoration was performed. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 75) included @entity1 who underwent nerve transfers, including cross-facial nerve grafting and subsequent microcoaptations, mini-hypoglossal nerve transfers, and direct orbicularis oculi muscle neurotization. Group B (n = 20) included @entity1 who underwent eye sphincter substitution procedures, including pedicled frontalis or mini-temporalis transfers, free platysma, occipitalis, gracilis subunits, extensor digitorum brevis, and a slip of adductor longus transfer. Objective blink ratios were measured according to a protocol established by the senior author (J.K.T.). RESULTS: The @entity1 included 34 @entity1 and 61 @entity1 . Mean age was 34.9 +/- 9.8 years. Denervation time ranged from 7 months to 42.12 years, and the mean denervation time was 13.02 years. Blink improvement was noted in all of the @entity1 . Blink scores and ratios were consistently better in group A than in group B. CONCLUSION: Dynamic procedures provide the functional substrate on which subsequent static procedures can be performed and aid blink return.

title: Blink restoration in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired eyelid function']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of the accumulation of @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ) in childhood and adulthood, in both the private and working domains, on risk of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Furthermore, we aimed to test the possible interaction between childhood and adult @entity7027 and to investigate modification of these associations by educational attainment. METHODS: The study was based on 4,761 @entity1 from the Copenhagen City Heart Study free of @entity6 at baseline and followed for 10 years. @entity7027 were categorized as 0, 1, 2, 3 or more events. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education and family history of @entity6 were used to estimate the association between @entity7027 and @entity6 . RESULTS: In childhood, experiencing 3 or more @entity7027 was associated with a 69% higher risk of developing @entity6 (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.69; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.60, 3.27). The accumulation of @entity7027 in adult private (p-trend = 0.016) and work life (p-trend = 0.049) was associated with risk of @entity6 in a dose response manner. There was no evidence that experiencing @entity7027 in both childhood and adult life was more strongly associated with @entity6 than experiencing events at only one time point. There was some evidence that being simultaneously exposed to childhood @entity7027 and short education (OR 2.28; 95% C.I. 1.45, 3.59) and work @entity7027 and short education (OR 2.86; 95% C.I. 1.62, 5.03) was associated with higher risk of @entity6 , as the joint effects were greater than the sum of their individual effects. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest that the accumulation of @entity7027 in childhood, private adult life and work life, respectively, are risk factors for developing @entity6 .

title: Accumulation of Major Life Events in Childhood and Adult Life and Risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['MLE', 'major life events']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: Selective intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to examine 37 @entity1 with @entity360 . Conventional screen-film angiography was used as an adjunct to DSA when a larger field of view was needed (five @entity1 ) and when bowel motion prevented the acquisition of adequate image quality with DSA (two @entity1 ). Conventional angiography was also performed in all cases in which there were negative DSA examinations. DSA reduced the mean examination time considerably (20% reduction overall), especially for cases involving embolization therapy (35% reduction). DSA was especially valuable in the upper GI tract, where it was used to rapidly locate and/or assist in the embolization of @entity548 sites in 19 of 20 @entity1 with positive angiograms. There were 12 true-negative DSA examinations and one false-negative examination due to the limited field of view (9 inches [22.9 cm]). Bowel and respiratory motion were not important problems in the upper GI tract. In the lower GI tract, the usefulness of DSA was severely limited by the small field of view and the misregistration artifact caused by bowel motion. In an in vitro study, DSA and conventional angiography were compared as to their ability to depict several rates of extravasation of contrast material in a model of @entity360 . DSA tended to be more sensitive for the detection of simulated extravasation (P less than .07).

title: DSA in XXXX : clinical and in vitro studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding', 'GI bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2299 causes @entity301 in middle-aged and elderly adults, but the consequences of lipid exposure during young adulthood are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether nonoptimal lipid levels during young adulthood cause @entity731 changes that persist into middle age. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: 4 cities in the United States. @entity1 : 3258 @entity1 from the 5115 black and white @entity1 and @entity1 recruited at age 18 to 30 years in 1985 to 1986 for the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. MEASUREMENTS: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , @entity1674 , and coronary @entity460 . Time-averaged cumulative exposures to lipids between age 20 and 35 years were estimated by using repeated serum lipid measurements over 20 years in the CARDIA study; these measurements were then related to coronary @entity460 scores assessed later in life (45 years [SD, 4]). RESULTS: 2824 @entity1 (87%) had nonoptimal levels of LDL @entity165 (>or=2.59 mmol/L [>or=100 mg/dL]), HDL @entity165 (<1.55 mmol/L [<60 mg/dL]), or @entity1674 (>or=1.70 mmol/L [>or=150 mg/dL]) during young adulthood. Coronary @entity460 prevalence 2 decades later was 8% in @entity1 who maintained optimal LDL levels (<1.81 mmol/L [<70 mg/dL]), and 44% in @entity1 with LDL @entity165 levels of 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) or greater (P < 0.001). The association was similar across race and sex and strongly graded, with odds ratios for coronary @entity460 of 1.5 (95% CI, 0.7 to 3.3) for LDL @entity165 levels of 1.81 to 2.56 mmol/L (70 to 99 mg/dL), 2.4 (CI, 1.1 to 5.3) for levels of 2.59 to 3.34 mmol/L (100 to 129 mg/dL), 3.3 (CI, 1.3 to 7.8) for levels of 3.37 to 4.12 mmol/L (130 to 159 mg/dL), and 5.6 (CI, 2.0 to 16) for levels of 4.14 mmol/L (160 mg/dL) or greater, compared with levels less than 1.81 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL), after adjustment for lipid exposure after age 35 years and other coronary risk factors. Both LDL and HDL @entity165 levels were independently associated with coronary @entity460 after @entity1 who were receiving lipid-lowering medications or had clinically abnormal lipid levels were excluded. LIMITATION: Coronary @entity460 , although a strong predictor of future @entity301 , is not a clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: Nonoptimal levels of LDL and HDL @entity165 during young adulthood are independently associated with @entity453 2 decades later. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

title: Nonoptimal lipids commonly present in young adults and coronary XXXX later in life: the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Several noncoding microRNAs (miR or miRNA) have been shown to regulate the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Xenobiotic drug-induced changes in enzyme and transporter expression may be associated with the alteration of miRNA expression. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of 19 xenobiotic drugs (e.g. @entity619 , @entity5713 , @entity13821 and @entity2072 ) on the expression of ten miRNAs ( @entity13822 , -27a, -27b, -124a, -148a, -324-3p, -328, -451, -519c and -1291) in MCF-7, Caco-2, SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 cell systems. The data revealed that miRNAs were differentially expressed in @entity1 cell lines and the change in miRNA expression was dependent on the drug, as well as the type of cells investigated. Notably, treatment with @entity13821 led to a 10-fold increase of @entity4449 and a 2-fold decrease of @entity13823 in Caco-2 cells, but no change of @entity4449 and a 2-fold increase of @entity13823 in MCF-7 cells. Neuronal @entity13824 was generally down-regulated by psychoactive drugs (e.g. @entity2072 , @entity284 and @entity905 ) in BE(2)-M17 and SH-SY5Y cells. @entity619 and @entity5713 , inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, suppressed the expression of @entity13825 , -148a and -451 that down-regulate the enzymes and transporters. These findings should provide increased understanding of the altered gene expression underlying drug disposition, multidrug resistance, drug-drug interactions and neuroplasticity.

title: MicroRNA expression is differentially altered by xenobiotic drugs in different XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity13821 :: ('MESH:C073710', 'Chemical') :: ['bilobalide']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The cause of @entity1468 remains unknown and @entity460 and @entity1760 supplement are being suggested as means of prevention. The objective of this study was to assess @entity1760 and @entity460 in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of Nigerian @entity1 with @entity1468 and @entity3036 . Setting was University of Benin Teaching Hospital, in Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study comprising of eleven @entity1 and twenty-three controls. The mean, standard deviation and Standard Error of Mean (SEM) were calculated. Student 't' test method was applied. Plasma @entity460 was significantly lower in @entity1 than controls (9.2 +/- 1.02 Vs 9.98 +/- 0.87mg/dl, P 0.043) "t" test. The CSF @entity460 and @entity1760 levels were lower in @entity1 than controls, (5.66 +/- 1.22 vs 6.67 +/- 1.15 mg/ dl, P 0.043 and 1.75 +/- 0.56 vs 1.91 +/- 0.19 mg/dl, P 0. < 0.0001) respectively. There is extracellular @entity460 and @entity1760 reduction in @entity1 with @entity1468 and @entity3036 . This reduction may have a cause and effect relationship with these disorders.

title: Extracellular @entity460 and @entity1760 in @entity1468 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Recent data support an important role of resident luminal bacteria in experimental @entity1960 . We determined how altered cecal bacterial loads influence @entity1960 and @entity3621 . METHODS: A cecal self-filling blind loop (SFBL) was created or the cecum was excluded from the fecal stream in specific pathogen-free HLA-B27 transgenic (TG) @entity35 with early @entity1960 and in nontransgenic (nonTG) littermates; controls underwent sham operation (SHAM). Luminal bacterial concentrations were determined by culture and counting chamber. RESULTS: TG @entity35 with SFBL had more severe @entity32 and leukocytosis than TG SHAM controls. TG excluded @entity35 with low cecal bacterial loads had no @entity32 and less @entity1960 and @entity3621 than SHAM controls, despite having normal distal colonic and gastric bacterial concentrations. @entity868 attenuated @entity32 and eliminated Bacteroides in SFBL TG @entity35 . NonTG SFBL @entity35 had mild @entity32 and no @entity3621 and @entity1960 . The ratio of total anaerobic to aerobic bacteria was 1000-fold greater in SFBL than in SHAM @entity35 , with a 10,000-fold increased ratio of Bacteroides spp. to aerobes. CONCLUSIONS: The luminal bacterial load and composition determines the activity of @entity32 in genetically susceptible hosts. Lowering cecal bacterial concentrations can diminish @entity32 in remote organs.

title: Varying cecal bacterial loads influences XXXX and @entity3621 in HLA-B27 transgenic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'cecal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated the significant prognostic value of stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) myocardial perfusion imaging. Apart from characterizing reversible perfusion defect (RevPD) from flow-limiting @entity3979 , CMR late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) imaging is currently the most sensitive method for detecting @entity1188 ( @entity204 ). We therefore tested the hypothesis that characterization of these 2 processes from @entity453 by CMR can provide complementary prognostic values. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed CMR myocardial perfusion imaging followed by LGE imaging on 254 @entity1 referred with symptoms of @entity741 . At a median follow-up of 17 months, 49 @entity299 occurred, including 12 @entity204 , 16 acute MIs, and 21 cardiac hospitalizations. RevPD and LGE both maintained a >3-fold association with @entity204 or @entity204 ( @entity204 ) when adjusted for each other and for the effects of @entity1 age and gender (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.31; P=0.02; and hazard ratio, 3.43; P=0.01, respectively). In @entity1 without a history of @entity204 who had negative RevPD, LGE presence was associated with a >11-fold hazards increase in @entity204 . @entity1 with neither RevPD nor LGE had a 98.1% negative annual event rate for @entity204 . For association with major adverse @entity299 , RevPD was the strongest multivariable variable in the best overall model (hazard ratio, 10.92; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: CMR imaging provides robust risk stratification for @entity1 who present with symptoms of @entity63 . Characterization of RevPD and LGE by CMR provides strong and complementary prognostic implication for @entity204 or @entity204 .

title: Complementary prognostic values of stress myocardial perfusion and late @entity2287 enhancement imaging by cardiac magnetic resonance in XXXX with known or suspected @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'acute MI', 'cardiac death', 'cardiac deaths', 'death/MI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) remains the @entity0 with the worst prognosis. We sought to determine the effects of race, socioeconomic status and treatment on outcomes for @entity1 with @entity0 . Study design The Florida cancer registry, inpatient and ambulatory data were queried for @entity1 diagnosed from 1998 to 2002. RESULTS: A total of 935 @entity1 with @entity0 were identified (1.5% of all @entity0 ). Overall, 83.1% were Caucasian, 13.9% @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ), and 15.7% Hispanic. The mean age of diagnosis was 57 years old. @entity3004 @entity1 presented at a younger age, with higher @entity5 grade, and were less likely to undergo surgical therapy than their Caucasian counterparts. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for the entire cohort was 32 months, while @entity1349 for @entity3004 @entity1 was 20 months. @entity1 who received chemotherapy before surgery, surgery without chemotherapy, and surgery before chemotherapy demonstrated an independent, significantly improved outcome in comparison to @entity1 who underwent chemotherapy without surgical extirpation. The administration of radiation therapy did not demonstrate an improvement in survival. By multivariate analysis, @entity3004 race (HR = 2.19) and failure to provide surgery (HR = 2.3) were independent predictors of worse prognosis. No effect of poverty or ethnicity on outcome was observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 carries a poor prognosis for all @entity1 with significantly worse outcomes for @entity3004 @entity1 . Multimodality therapy provided the best survival rates.

title: A comprehensive evaluation of outcomes for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'Inflammatory breast cancer', 'IBC', 'breast malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['African American', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['inflammatory breast cancer']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is a radioresistant @entity5 . @entity5 neoangiogenesis is an important mechanism for @entity5 sustenance. Angiogenesis is primarily mediated by @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and earlier studies have suggested that @entity7 protects @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against high doses of radiation. We tried to extend these findings to other endothelial cell lines and clinically relevant irradiation doses. Therefore, four different endothelial cell lines (HUVEC-C, primary HUVEC-P, an immortalized HUVEC cell line: EC-RF24, and @entity291 retina endothelial cells: BREC) were cultured without or with recombinant @entity1 @entity1655 (rhVEGF165). Cells were irradiated with gamma-rays from a 137Cs-source. Radiosensitivity was determined by proliferation or clonogenic assay. Apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometric determination of the sub-G1 population or by counting nuclear fragmentation. We found that the biologically active rhVEGF165 was able to improve clonogenic survival of HUVEC-C after 2 and 5 Gy. However, rhVEGF165 could not significantly alter the radiosensitivity of all cell lines studied in proliferation assays. rhVEGF165 only slightly reduced apoptosis in HUVEC-C after 3 Gy. In conclusion, the radioprotective effect from rhVEGF165 was found on different endothelial cell lines after clinically relevant radiation doses was negligible. We therefore hypothesize that the high @entity7 -levels found in @entity463 in vivo do not reduce the radiosensitivity of endothelial cells, which is thought to contribute to the strong radioresistance of the @entity5 vasculature.

title: Negligible radiation protection of endothelial cells by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: The independent relationships between visceral and abdominal sc @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) depots, @entity121 , and @entity2690 sensitivity were examined in 40 @entity1144 , premenopausal @entity1 . Measurements included @entity413 disposal by euglycemic clamp, @entity121 by computed tomography, abdominal and nonabdominal (e.g. leg) @entity1386 by magnetic resonance imaging and @entity65 . @entity413 disposal rates were negatively related to visceral @entity1386 mass (r = -0.42, P < 0.01). These observations remained significant (P < 0.01) after control for nonabdominal and @entity1386 , muscle attenuation, and peak @entity26 uptake. @entity1386 or muscle attenuation was not significantly (P > 0.10) related to @entity413 disposal. Subdivision of @entity1386 into anterior and posterior depots did not alter the observed relationships. Further analysis matched two groups of @entity1 for @entity1386 but with @entity1386 . @entity1 with high visceral @entity1386 had lower @entity413 disposal rates compared with those with low visceral @entity1386 (P < 0.05). A similar analysis performed on two groups of @entity1 matched for visceral @entity1386 but high and low @entity1386 revealed no statistically different values for @entity2690 sensitivity (P > 0.10). In conclusion, visceral @entity1386 alone is a strong correlate of @entity2690 resistance independent of nonabdominal, @entity1386 , @entity121 , and @entity65 . Subdivision of @entity1386 did not provide additional insight into the relationship between @entity1144 and metabolic risk.

title: XXXX , @entity121 , and @entity2690 resistance in premenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity', 'abdominally obese']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular fitness']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle composition']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'low and high visceral AT', 'AT', 'Total, abdominal, or leg sc AT', 'abdominal sc AT']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['Abdominal obesity']


abstract: Cardiac and coronary vasodilator effects of @entity801 (GM) were investigated in isolated, blood-perfused papillary muscle, sino-atrial (SA) node and atrioventricular (AV) node preparations of @entity235 . GM (0.3-100 mumol) was injected intraarterially. GM produced an increase in coronary blood flow in all preparations. In paced @entity121 , GM reduced the force of contraction. In spontaneously beating @entity121 , GM decreased the rate of automaticity and the force of contraction. In SA node preparations, GM decreased the sinus rate. In AV node preparations, GM injected into the posterior septal artery (which supplies the AV node) increased AV conduction time and in large doses, produced third-degree @entity713 . In the same preparations, GM in large doses injected into the anterior septal artery (which supplies the His-Purkinje-ventricular system) prolonged AV conduction time (i.e., intraventricular conduction time) and reduced the amplitude of ventricular bipolar electrograms. The order of potencies of GM on the above cardiovascular variables is as follows: Coronary blood flow greater than or equal to ventricular muscle contraction greater than ventricular automaticity greater than SA nodal automaticity greater than AV nodal conduction greater than intraventricular conduction. This cardiovascular profile is different from those of organic @entity460 -antagonists, but rather similar to that of @entity921 ions, reflecting its own mechanism of action.

title: Are the cardiovascular effects of @entity801 similar to those of XXXX antagonists?

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle preparations']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Cell @entity204 plays an important role in host-pathogen interactions. Crystal proteins (toxins) are essential components of @entity11137 (Bt) biological pesticides because of their specific @entity137 against insects and @entity2199 . However, the mode of action by which crystal toxins to induce cell @entity204 is not completely understood. Here we show that crystal toxin triggers cell @entity204 by @entity39 signaling pathway using crystal toxin Cry6Aa- @entity2199 toxin-host interaction system, which involves an increase in concentrations of cytoplasmic @entity460 , lysosomal lyses, uptake of @entity2667 , and burst of @entity204 fluorescence. We find that a @entity39 pathway confers tolerance to Cry6Aa toxin. Intriguingly, the @entity39 pathway is specifically triggered by Cry6Aa, not by Cry5Ba, whose @entity3689 sequence is different from that of Cry6Aa. Furthermore, Cry6Aa-induced @entity39 pathway requires aspartic protease ( @entity11138 ). In addition, @entity11138 protects Cry6Aa from over-degradation in @entity2199 . This is the first demonstration that deficiency in @entity39 pathway confers tolerance to Bt crystal protein, and that Cry6A triggers @entity39 represents a newly added @entity39 paradigm in the @entity2199 . Understanding this model could lead to new strategies for @entity2199 control.

title: @entity11137 Crystal Protein Cry6Aa Triggers XXXX Necrosis Pathway Mediated by Aspartic Protease ( @entity11138 ).

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'deficiency in the necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: A 50-year-old @entity1 who first noticed shaking of the hands at age of 18 and had previous history of three @entity410 episodes was admitted to our department because of the generalized tonic @entity410 with @entity909 . Family history showed that 7 members had similar shaking and one had generalized @entity410 . On neurological examination, rhythmic @entity2045 were noted in the bilateral upper limbs, and was remarkably more severe on the left. Other neurological findings were normal. Based on the benign clinical course, familial history, and the normal range of @entity2388 and @entity880 levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, we diagnosed familial essential @entity2045 and @entity302 (FEME)/benign adult familial @entity3148 ( @entity5914 ). After admission, we performed electrophysiological test. EEG showed spike discharge mainly in the left parietooccipital lobe. Jerk-locked back averaging (JLA) showed spikes 30 msec precedings the trigger in the left parietooccipital lobe. Because JLA spikes are commonly found 20 msec precedings the trigger, we consider the subtraction time of 10 msec was due to the conduction through the corpus callosum. Some reports showed that in progressive @entity3148 @entity1 , transcallosal excitation of one hemisphere by the other was critical for generalized @entity410 . In cases of @entity5914 , @entity302 focus in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the @entity2045 limbs has not previously reported. Our case suggested that generalization of the @entity410 was caused by the interhemispheric excitation through the corpus callosum.

title: [A case of familial essential @entity2045 and XXXX with suspected focus in the hemisphere ipsilateral to @entity2045 limbs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'seizure']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus', 'myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus epilepsy', 'myoclonic and epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The new @entity736 ( @entity736 ) surgical membrane is specifically designed to prevent adhesion formation. The present study was planned in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the PTFE surgical membrane as a parietal peritoneal substitute. Furthermore, the effects of the suture material used to implant the membrane under different operating conditions (clean or contaminated surgery) were also evaluated. One hundred-eighty @entity35 were divided into 9 groups and underwent the following surgical procedures: Group 1: removal of a parietal peritoneum patch, which was left unrepaired; Group 2: a similar peritoneal defect was covered with the PTFE membrane by 8 @entity7502 sutures; Group 3 (control group): only the 8 @entity7502 suture were placed on the margin of the standard peritoneal defect; Group 4: the same procedure as in Group 2, using as sewing material PTFE sutures; Group 5 (control group): only the 8 PTFE sutures were placed on the margin of the standard peritoneal defect; Group 6, 7, 8 and 9: the same procedures as in Group 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively, adding division and subsequent reanastomosis of the caecum. Animals of each group underwent a second laparotomy 10 days or 3 months after surgery for evaluation of the extent and density of adhesions, and of the intraperitoneal organ involvement. Histological examination of adhesions which formed was then carried out. No adhesions developed in @entity35 of group 1, while they were always present in all the other groups. Under clean surgery, the adhesions were limited to the margin of the peritoneal defect, while under contaminated surgery they formed also on its central portion. The PTFE surgical membrane itself caused variations neither of the extent and density of adhesions which developed nor of the magnitude of intraperitoneal organ involvement. The type of suture material used to implant the membrane had no effect on adhesion formation.

title: Use of the XXXX surgical membrane for control of intra-abdominal adhesions.

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recognition of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) is pivotal for directing chromatin-modifying enzymes to specific genomic regions and regulating their activities. Emerging evidence suggests that other structural features of nucleosomes also contribute to precise targeting of downstream chromatin complexes, such as linker DNA, the histone globular domain and nucleosome spacing. However, how chromatin complexes coordinate individual interactions to achieve high affinity and specificity remains unclear. The @entity17029 S histone deacetylase utilizes the chromodomain-containing @entity22606 subunit and the PHD-domain-containing Rco1 subunit to recognize nucleosomes that are methylated at @entity376 36 of histone H3 (H3K36me). We have shown previously that the binding of @entity22606 to H3K36me can be allosterically activated by Rco1. To investigate how this chromatin recognition module is regulated in the context of the Rpd3S complex, we first determined the subunit-interaction network of Rpd3S. Interestingly, we found that Rpd3S contains two copies of the essential subunit Rco1, and both copies of Rco1 are required for full functionality of Rpd3S. Our functional dissection of Rco1 revealed that besides its known chromatin-recognition interfaces, other regions of Rco1 are also critical for @entity17029 S to recognize its nucleosomal substrates and function in vivo. This unexpected result uncovered an important and understudied aspect of chromatin recognition. It suggests that precisely reading modified chromatin may not only need the combined actions of reader domains but also require an internal signaling circuit that coordinates the individual actions in a productive way.

title: Homodimeric PHD-domain containing Rco1 constitutes a critical interaction hub within the XXXX S histone deacetylase complex.

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity17029 :: (3065,Gene) :: ['Rpd3']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the excess relative risk (ERR) of @entity15698 ( @entity15698 ) in female @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) female @entity1 treated with conformal (3DCRT), intensity modulated (IMRT), or volumetric modulated arc ( @entity309 ) radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Plans for 10 early-stage @entity978 female @entity1 were computed for 3DCRT, IMRT, and @entity309 with involved field RT (IFRT) and @entity138 ( @entity138 ) radiation fields. Organs at risk dose--volume histograms were computed and inter-compared for IFRT vs. @entity138 and 3DCRT vs. IMRT/ @entity309 , respectively. The ERR for @entity5 in breasts, lungs, and thyroid was estimated using both linear and nonlinear models. RESULTS: The mean estimated ERR for breast, lung, and thyroid were significantly lower (p < 0.01) with @entity138 than with IFRT planning, regardless of the radiation delivery technique used, assuming a linear dose-risk relationship. We found that using the nonlinear model, the mean ERR values were significantly (p < 0.01) increased with IMRT or @entity309 compared to those with 3DCRT planning for the breast, lung, and thyroid, using an IFRT paradigm. After @entity138 planning, IMRT or @entity309 increased the risk of @entity15698 for lung and thyroid only. CONCLUSIONS: In this comparative planning study, using a nonlinear dose--risk model, IMRT or @entity309 increased the estimated risk of @entity15698 for breast, lung, and thyroid for @entity978 female @entity1 . This study also suggests that @entity138 planning, compared to IFRT planning, may reduce the ERR of @entity15698 when risk is predicted using a linear model. Observing the opposite effect, with a nonlinear model, however, questions the validity of these biologically parameterized models.

title: Predicted risk of @entity15698 after involved field and involved node radiotherapy with or without intensity modulation for early-stage XXXX in female @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity138 :: ('MESH:C563738', 'Disease') :: ['INRT', 'involvednode RT']

entities_list: @entity15698 :: ('MESH:D009381', 'Disease') :: ['radiation-induced cancers', 'RIC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer induction']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical strategy for acute @entity14 remains controversial. One-, two- and three-stage surgical procedures, and preoperative stenting of the @entity850 as a bridge to surgery, are available. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL, as well as bibliographies of included studies, to identify randomized and non-randomized controlled trials that compared two or more surgical procedures in acute @entity694 . RESULTS: After screening 1748 titles and abstracts, 209 were selected for full text assessment; 29 studies with 2286 @entity1 were finally included. In general, the quality of the studies was limited, with only three randomized trials. Eight non-randomized studies comparing one-stage with two- or three-stage surgery consistently favoured a one-stage procedure in terms of mortality (relative risk difference from - 2 to - 27 per cent), but reported morbidity rates were not different. Trials of different one-stage procedures ( @entity1347 ) showed none to be clearly superior. Stenting procedures were superior to non-stenting treatments. CONCLUSION: One-stage surgery appears to be superior to two- or three-stage procedures. Stenting is a promising option, allowing the resection to be carried out in an elective setting.

title: Systematic evaluation of surgical strategies for acute malignant left-sided XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental and total/subtotal colectomy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal obstruction due to colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic obstruction']


abstract: @entity6 can be significantly decreased by long-term, near-normoglycemic regulation in @entity1 with @entity1723 . Prevention or delay of onset of @entity4854 in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 should reduce morbidity and mortality from these complications. @entity2175 can be nearly normoglycemic when diagnosed by screening before its symptomatic stage or when clinically hyperglycemic @entity2175 goes into remission. One potential strategy to delay the onset of @entity4854 in individuals at high risk is chronic low-dose @entity4136 therapy. Thirty black @entity2175 subjects who recently had developed near-normoglycemia were followed with no treatment or were randomly assigned to a 3-year, double-blind @entity15506 or placebo treatment. Baseline and follow-up parameters included fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), HbA1c, plasma insulin, and @entity413 responses to an oral @entity413 tolerance test and insulin action, as determined by the euglycemic insulin clamp. Baseline FPG and HbA1c for all three groups were 107 mg/dl and 4.7%, respectively. Relapse to @entity4854 was defined as an FPG level > or = 140 mg/dl on several consecutive visits or an FPG level > or = 140 mg/dl and symptoms of @entity4854 . During the course of the treatment and follow-up, @entity4854 occurred in 6 of 10 subjects in the no treatment group, 6 of 10 in the placebo group, and 2 of 10 in the @entity15506 treatment group. Prolongation of near-normoglycemia was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by low-dose (2.5 mg/day) @entity15506 compared with placebo treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prolongation of near-normoglycemic remission in black @entity2175 subjects with chronic low-dose XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Microvascular and neuropathic complications of diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity15506 :: ('MESH:D005913', 'Chemical') :: ['glipizide']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4136 :: (CHEBI:26831,Chemical) :: ['sulfonylurea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, there are no available methods that can reliably predict when or if an @entity1856 will @entity397 . Recent reports suggest @entity165 crystals (CCs), present within the @entity39 core, are sharp and can penetrate and disrupt the fibrous cap, contributing to @entity397 . Our aim is to show CC, normally distributed at random within the @entity39 core, often develop a parallel configuration at the site of @entity952 ( @entity952 ) which may be a sign of impending @entity397 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The coronary arteries of 83 @entity1 who died of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) were injected with a colored barium gelatin mass. The arteries were dissected, decalcified, cut at 2-3 mm intervals, and all segments mounted for microscopic study. All segments were reviewed to identify PDs and to determine the frequency of parallel @entity165 crystals (P-CCs) at the site of these PDs. There were 215 separate PDs in 83 @entity1 , with 64 (77%) @entity1 showing more than one @entity952 . P-CCs were present in 126 (59%) of all PDs regardless of plaque size or the severity of @entity850 and were present with or without luminal @entity715 . Luminal @entity715 was present in 105 PDs (49%), primarily in those segments showing significant @entity850 . There was no significant difference in the frequency of luminal @entity715 in those PDs with or without P-CCs. CONCLUSIONS: P-CCs are commonly present at the site of @entity952 and may contribute to @entity952 by penetrating and disrupting the fibrous cap. The ability to recognize this parallel configuration may help to identify plaques with impending @entity397 .

title: Parallel XXXX crystals: a sign of impending @entity397 ?

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'acute coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['plaque disruption', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['luminal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']