abstract: UNASSIGNED: To evaluate @entity2771 ( @entity22517 ) and @entity653 (G) as potential treatments for @entity1270 , we conducted 2 experiments lasting 4 d each in which @entity291 received one bolus infusion per day. Blood was collected before infusion, over 240 min postinfusion, as well as 24 h postinfusion. Experiment 1 used 6 ruminally cannulated @entity291 (26    7 d in milk) randomly assigned to 300-mL infusions of @entity22517 or G (both >= 99.5% pure) in a crossover design experiment with 2 periods. Within each period, @entity291 were assigned randomly to infusion site sequence: abomasum (A)-cranial reticulorumen (R) or the reverse, R-A. @entity413 precursors were infused into the R to simulate drenching and the A to prevent metabolism by ruminal microbes. @entity653 infused in the A increased plasma @entity413 concentration the most (15.8 mg/dL), followed by @entity22517 infused in the R (12.6 mg/dL), @entity22517 infused in the A (9.11 mg/dL), and G infused in the R (7.3 mg/dL). Infusion of @entity22517 into the R increased plasma insulin and insulin area under the curve (AUC) the most compared with all other treatments (7.88 vs. 2.13  IU/mL and 321 vs. 31.9 min *  IU/mL, respectively). Overall, @entity22517 decreased plasma @entity19412 concentration after infusion (-6.46 vs. -4.55 mg/dL) and increased @entity19412 AUC (-1,055 vs. -558 min * mg/dL) compared with G. Plasma @entity3691 responses were not different among treatments. Experiment 2 used 8 ruminally cannulated @entity291 (22    5 d in milk) randomly assigned to treatment sequence in a Latin square design experiment balanced for carryover effects. Treatments were 300 mL of @entity22517 , 300 mL of G, 600 mL of G (2G), and 300 mL of @entity22517 + 300 mL of G (GPG), all infused into the R. Treatment contrasts compared @entity22517 with each treatment containing @entity653 (G, 2G, and GPG). @entity2771 increased plasma @entity413 (14.0 vs. 5.35 mg/dL) and insulin (7.59 vs. 1.11  IU/mL) concentrations compared with G, but only tended to increase @entity413 and insulin concentrations compared with 2G. @entity2771 increased AUC for @entity413 (1,444 vs. 94.3 mg/dL) and insulin (326 vs. 6.58 min *  IU/mL) compared with G, and tended to increase insulin AUC compared with 2G. @entity2771 was not different from GPG for @entity413 , insulin, or @entity19412 responses. @entity2771 decreased plasma @entity19412 concentration (-10.3 vs. -4.21 mg/dL) and increased @entity19412 AUC (-1,578 vs. -1.42 min * mg/dL) compared with G, but not compared with 2G. In general, and compared with G, GPG decreased plasma @entity3691 concentrations after infusions and @entity22517 decreased plasma @entity3691 concentrations early but not late after infusions. We conclude that a 300-mL dose of @entity22517 is more effective at increasing plasma @entity413 concentration than G and at least as effective as 600 mL of G or a combination of G and @entity22517 when administered in the cranial reticulorumen.

title: Evaluation of @entity2771 and XXXX infusions as treatments for @entity1270 in dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol', 'Propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerol', 'glycerol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: The gold standard for treatment of @entity1516 is operation with osteosynthesis and grafting. More than 10 years ago, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) was additionally introduced as a noninvasive and low-risk treatment for @entity1516 . The aim of our prospective study was to analyze the treatment effect in a homogeneous group of @entity1 and to develop prognostic factors. Forty-three consecutive @entity1 were included in this study. All @entity1 had been operated on for @entity130 or undergone selective osteotomy and had developed @entity1516 that persisted for 9 months. All @entity1 received high-energy ESWT (0.6 mJ/mm2) with 3000 impulses (Siemens Osteostar) in one session under regional anesthesia. To differentiate active from inactive @entity1516 , a bone scintigraphy was compulsory. Clinical and radiological follow-ups were done at 4-week intervals starting 8 weeks after ESWT for 9 months. Cortical bridging was found in 31 of 43 (72.1%) @entity1516 at 4.0 +/- 0.6 months after ESWT. Of 31 (80.6%) successfully treated @entity1 , 25 had a positive scintigraphy compared to 4 of 12 (33.3%) treatment failures. Of 35 (82.9%) @entity1 with a positive bone scintigraphy, 29 had bony healing compared to 2 of 8 (25%) @entity1 with a negative bone scintigraphy. Six of these eight @entity1 smoked more than 20 cigarettes a day. ESWT is still a clinically experimental treatment method. The absence of complications justifies its use for @entity1516 treatment. Further controlled studies are mandatory.

title: [High energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis', 'pseudarthroses']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudarthrosis']


abstract: Mutational heterogeneity represents a significant barrier to development of therapies for many @entity74 . For example, >100 mutations in the @entity8695 gene (RHO) have been identified in @entity1 with @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ). The development of therapies for dominant disorders that correct the primary @entity74 and overcome mutational heterogeneity is challenging. Hence, therapeutics comprising two elements--gene suppression in conjunction with gene replacement--have been investigated. Suppression is targeted to a site independent of the mutation; therefore, both mutant and wild-type alleles are suppressed. In parallel with suppression, a codon-modified replacement gene refractory to suppression is provided. Both in vitro and in vivo validation of suppression and replacement for @entity6391 has been undertaken in the current study. RNA interference (RNAi) has been used to achieve ~90% in vivo suppression of RHO in photoreceptors, with use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) for delivery. Demonstration that codon-modifed RHO genes express functional wild-type protein has been explored transgenically, together with in vivo expression of AAV-delivered RHO-replacement genes in the presence of targeting RNAi molecules. Observation of potential therapeutic benefit from AAV-delivered suppression and replacement therapies has been obtained in @entity41812 @entity19 . Results provide the first in vivo indication that suppression and replacement can provide a therapeutic solution for dominantly inherited disorders such as @entity6391 and can be employed to circumvent mutational heterogeneity.

title: RNA interference-mediated suppression and replacement of @entity1 XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity41812 :: ('p|SUB|P|23|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro23His']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RHO-linked RP', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dominantly inherited diseases', 'genetic lesion']

answer: @entity8695 :: (6010,Gene) :: ['rhodopsin']


abstract: Recent reports demonstrated that @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 were benefited with surgical treatments. Even in pediatric @entity1 , early surgery is effective not only in @entity410 control but also in verbal, intelligent and social outcomes. In the present study, basic and clinical approaches in the treatment of intractable @entity302 were studied. In chronic cat model of intractable @entity1315 induced by a microinjection of @entity4176 , temporal cortical excision with amygdala focus resection or focus and hippocampal resections were examined by means of microsurgical technics. The @entity468 with amygdala focus resection demonstrated spontaneous hippocampal @entity410 while @entity468 with focus and hippocampal resection did not show @entity410 in the long time course after the surgery. In a cat model of cortical focal @entity410 , multiple subpial transection( @entity1685 ) was examined. The cortical @entity410 , induced by a microinjection of @entity4176 into unilateral sensori-motor cortex, were suppressed immediately after the @entity1685 . Postoperative course was uneventful and @entity410 was not recurred. However, pathological study demonstrated @entity2318 formation at the site of @entity1685 in the sensori-motor cortex. In 38 @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 , surgical treatments were performed in the Department of Neurosurgery. Asahikawa Medical College. The site of the @entity75 was studied with Video-EEG longterm monitorings, Neuro-imagings with CT, MRI, interictal SPECT and/or ictal SPECT. At the surgery, intraoperative electrocorticograms(ECoGs) were monitored under light neuroleptanalgesia in order to localize @entity302 focus. @entity410 free rate with or without postoperative medication was 72%. Remarkable improvement was observed in 7 @entity1 (18%), but, 4 @entity1 (10%) did not show any improvement.

title: [Basic and clinical approaches for surgical treatment of intractable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['subpial scar']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsies']


abstract: @entity213 (SCC) rarely metastasizes to the skin. @entity3 to the nasal tip from @entity5 are extremely rare. We present a @entity1 with nasal tip @entity3 from hypopharyngeal SCC. A 74-year-old @entity1 with @entity418 had a red nodule on his nasal tip (so-called "clown nose"). Histopathologically, atypical squamoid cell nests had proliferated in a lobular fashion from the dermis to subcutaneous tissue. Those @entity1358 were identical to @entity5 cells in the hypopharynx. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of skin @entity3 from hypopharyngeal SCC was made. In @entity1 with @entity5 , biopsy should be performed for any suspicious @entity272 . In a @entity1 like ours, "clown nose" might be a symptom of cutaneous @entity3 . When clinicians note a "clown nose", they should consider @entity5 in the neck and chest areas.

title: Skin XXXX of hypopharyngeal carcinoma to the nasal tip.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'hypopharyngeal malignancies', 'primary tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['atypical cells']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal and esophageal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The SET protein and the cell cycle inhibitor @entity994 ( @entity994 ) interact in vivo and in vitro. We identified here the domain (157)LIF(159) of @entity994 ( @entity994 ) as essential for the binding of SET. We also found that SET contains at least two domains of interaction with @entity994 ( @entity994 ), one located in the fragment amino acids 81-180 and the other one in the fragment including amino acids 181-277. SET and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) co-localize in the cell nucleus in a temporal manner. Overexpression of SET blocks the cell cycle at the G(2)/M transition in COS and HCT116 cells. Moreover, SET inhibits cyclin B- @entity10610 activity both in vivo and in vitro in both cell types. This effect is specific for these complexes since SET did not inhibit either @entity7596 - @entity15308 or cyclin E- @entity15308 complexes. SET and @entity994 ( @entity994 ) cooperate in the inhibition of cyclin B- @entity10610 activity. The inhibitory effect of SET resides in its acidic C terminus, as demonstrated by the ability of this domain to inhibit cyclin B- @entity10610 activity and by the lack of blocking G(2)/M transition when a mutated form of SET lacking this C terminus domain was overexpressed in COS cells. These results indicate that SET might regulate G(2)/M transition by modulating cyclin B- @entity10610 activity.

title: The SET protein regulates G2/M transition by modulating cyclin B- XXXX activity.

answer: @entity10610 :: (983,Gene) :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase 1']


abstract: To determine whether the @entity1184 response of the surviving myocardium after @entity1188 leads to normalization of ventricular hemodynamics and wall stress, the left coronary artery was ligated in @entity35 . One month later, the @entity35 were killed. In @entity1188 affecting an average 38% of the free wall of the left ventricle (small @entity1188 ), reactive @entity1184 in the spared myocardium bordering and remote from the scar was documented by increases in myocyte cell volume per nucleus of 43% and 25%, respectively. These cellular enlargements resulted in a complete reconstitution of functioning tissue. However, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was increased, left ventricular dP/dt was decreased, and diastolic wall stress was increased 2.4-fold. After @entity1188 resulting in a 60% loss of mass (large @entity1188 ), myocyte @entity1184 was 81% and 32% in the regions adjacent to and distant from the scar, respectively. A 10% deficit was present in the recovery of viable myocardium. Functionally, ventricular performance was markedly depressed, and diastolic wall stress was increased ninefold. The alterations in loading of the spared myocardium were due to an increase in chamber volume and a decrease in the myocardial mass/chamber volume ratio that affected both @entity1188 groups. Chamber dilation was the consequence of the combination of gross anatomic and cellular changes consisting, in the presence of small @entity1188 , of a 6% and a 19% increase in transverse midchamber diameter and in average myocyte length per nucleus, respectively. In the presence of large @entity1188 , transverse and longitudinal chamber diameters expanded by 27% and 11%, respectively, myocyte length per nucleus expanded by 26%, and the mural number of myocytes decreased by 10%. In conclusion, decompensated @entity123 develops chronically after @entity1188 , and growth processes in myocytes are inadequate for normalization of wall stress when myocyte loss involves nearly 40% or more of the cells of the left ventricular free wall. The persistance of elevated myocardial and cellular loads may sustain the progression of the disease state toward end-stage @entity712 .

title: Cellular basis of chronic ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies used impression cytology with @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) to study the conjunctival surface of @entity291 eyes and normal @entity1 eyes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use impression cytology and @entity4653 (ICSEM) in @entity1 affected by @entity2526 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 were divided into three groups according to mild, moderate or severe subjective @entity936 . Fifteen asymptomatic subjects served as control group. In all @entity1 the tear film was evaluated with break-up time (BUT), Schirmer's, and Ferning test, whereas conjunctival epithelium was evaluated with impression cytology and optic microscopy (ICOM), and ICSEM. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to compare the outcome of these examinations with the subjective @entity936 in each group, and to identify correlations among the five tests. RESULTS: ICSEM findings highly correlated with subjective @entity936 (Spearman correlation coefficient, 796; P<0.01). ICSEM revealed @entity16 (reduction or absence of microvilli) before the appearance of alterations of nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells revealed by optic microscopy. The number of microvilli was correlated with the degree of tear film @entity735 (Spearman correlation coefficient, 796; P<0.01). CONCLUSION: ICSEM was very effective in detecting the reduction in the number of microvilli. Therefore, it could represent an effective method to detect alterations in the conjunctival epithelium resulting from tear film damage even before the epithelial damage occurs and is detected by optic microscopy.

title: Impression cytology with XXXX : a new method in the study of conjunctival microvilli.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['incipient epithelial damage']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['tear film abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and subjective sensation of dry eye']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye sensation', 'sensation of dry eye']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity4653 :: (MESH:D004401,Disease) :: ['scanning electron microscopy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of @entity1939 , @entity227 , and related @entity2194 and conditions among adults in El Salvador, and to explore socioeconomic inequalities in their prevalence by education level and occupational status, stratified by sex. METHODS: Based upon the @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ) methodology, this nationwide sample comprised 3 800 @entity1 (3 399 examined) >=  50 years old from 76 randomly selected clusters of 50 @entity1 each. The prevalence of @entity1939 , @entity227 and related @entity2194 and conditions, including uncorrected @entity2516 (URE), was calculated for categories of education level and occupational status. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and stratified by sex. RESULTS: Age-adjusted prevalence was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.2-2.6) for @entity1939 ( @entity1 : 2.8% (95% CI: 2.5-3.1); @entity1 : 2.2% (95% CI: 1.9-2.5)) and 11.8% (95% CI: 11.6-12.0) for moderate @entity227 ( @entity1 : 10.8% (95% CI: 10.5-11.1); @entity1 : 12.6% (95% CI: 12.4-12.8)). The proportion of @entity227 due to @entity231 was 43.8% in @entity1 and 33.5% in @entity1 . Inverse gradients of socioeconomic inequalities were observed in the prevalence of @entity227 . For example, the age-adjusted OR (AOR) was 3.4 (95% CI: 2.0-6.4) for @entity227 and 4.3 (95% CI: 2.1-10.4) for related URE in illiterate @entity1 compared to those with secondary education, and 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.1) in @entity231 in unemployed @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Blindness and @entity227 prevalence is high in the El Salvador adult population. The main associated conditions are @entity231 and URE, two treatable conditions. As socioeconomic and gender inequalities in ocular health may herald discrimination and important barriers to accessing affordable, good-quality, and timely health care services, prioritization of public eye health care and disability policies should be put in place, particularly among @entity1 , the unemployed, and uneducated @entity1 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['RAAB', 'Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness', 'blindness']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual impairment']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate feasibility and @entity137 of weekly @entity1311 administration in the adjuvant therapy of primary @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with primary @entity0 received sustained weekly infusion of @entity1311 at a dose of 90 mg/body for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week interval. This weekly schedule was repeated twice. Leukocytes were checked immediately before every infusion and the dose was reduced to 80 mg/body when grade 1 @entity1398 occurred. All @entity1 were assessable for feasibility and @entity137 . RESULTS: A total 349 weekly @entity1311 infusions were administrated to 31 @entity1 (median, 12 infusions/ @entity1 ). The median delivered dose-intensity was 88.0 mg/body/week (range 80 to 90). Therapy was well tolerated and completed in 27 @entity1 . Four @entity1 refused to continue the therapy because of @entity390 , @entity1295 , @entity1296 and @entity1017 . Grade 2 @entity1398 occurred in 10 @entity1 (32.3%), but grade 3 @entity1398 did not occur. Grade 1 @entity1897 occurred in 3 @entity1 (9.7%). Grade 1 @entity390 occurred in 3 @entity1 (9.7%). CONCLUSION: Weekly @entity1311 administration is well tolerated with a favorable @entity137 profile in @entity1 with primary @entity0 in the adjuvant setting. Weekly @entity1311 therapy can be performed safely in the outpatient setting.

title: [Weekly XXXX administration in the adjuvant therapy of primary @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a common cause of @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) in adults. Its treatment is still under debate. METHODS: We report our experience in a pilot study using initially low doses of @entity230 and @entity1140 (Tac). After 3 months of treatment, @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) was added if the @entity644 was higher than 1 g/day. RESULTS: In accordance with this standard, 21 @entity1 entered the study. A @entity644 level lower than 1 g/day was reached at month 3 of therapy with @entity230 and Tac in 11 @entity1 . These @entity1 continued this treatment for 12 months. @entity2098 was added in nine cases after the third month and triple therapy was maintained for 12 more months. Two @entity1 were withdrawn because of side effects. At the end of the treatment, remission of the @entity1985 was present in 15 out of all the @entity1 (71.4%). Remission of the @entity1985 was complete in eight (53.3%) @entity1 and partial in seven (46.7%) others. The remaining four @entity1 did not respond. There were no significant changes in renal function. At a mean time of 23.1 months after treatment was discontinued, 11 (73.3%) @entity1 had relapsed. CONCLUSIONS: In this trial, treatment with @entity1140 showed a good efficacy but a high relapse rate when it was discontinued.

title: Treatment of idiopathic XXXX with the combination of @entity230 , @entity1140 and @entity618 : results of a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: This document is a first response to the need to develop sexual health services for young @entity1 on a single site whilst awaiting research from pilot studies of 'one stop shops' suggested in the Sexual Health and @entity645 strategy. It is a document which is intended to be a tool to use for those wishing to set up a service providing testing for @entity2953 and provision of contraceptive services for those under 25 years. It is not intended that such a service would replace existing specialist or general practice care but complement it, allowing clients to choose the service most appropriate and acceptable to them, with close links and clear pathways of care for referral between services. This paper should be used as a template when initiating and monitoring a clinic but some of the standards may not be achievable without significant financial input. However, economic limitations should not detract from striving to achieve the best possible care for those most at risk from @entity2953 and unwanted pregnancies. For example, not all clinics will be able to provide the recommended tests for the diagnosis for gonorrhoea and @entity1047 immediately, but should work towards achieving them. Although the upper age limit in this document is defined as 25 years, some providers may wish to limit clinics to those under 20 depending on local needs. Detailed information on specific issues such as consent and confidentiality, provision of contraception, investigation of @entity2953 and @entity2953 management and diagnosis are referenced and we recommend these are accessed by the users of this document. Many of the references themselves are live documents available on the worldwide web, and are constantly updated. The Sexual Health and @entity645 Strategy has now been published and these standards are aimed at those who wish to provide a level 2 sexual health service for young @entity1 wherever the setting e.g. genitourinary outreach clinic, contraceptive services, general practice. This document is a starting point to be reviewed and updated as new research becomes available, as the Sexual Health Strategy is implemented and with further input from providers of care (family planning, general practice, genitourinary medicine, gynaecology and paediatrics) and service users. All service providers must maintain a high quality of care and have networks both with those who provide more specialized services (Level 3) and Level 1 services. This document is an initial attempt to ensure that there is equity of clinical provision wherever a Level 2 sexual health service is provided and should be a useful tool for those setting up or monitoring services.

title: Standards for comprehensive sexual health services for young XXXX under 25 years.

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['non-sexually transmitted vaginal infections', 'sexually transmitted infection', 'sexually transmitted infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Symptomatic @entity1517 can significantly affect hand function. We retrospectively reviewed the results of our technique of corrective osteotomy in 14 @entity1517 (12 @entity1 ) with an average age of 30   years (range 18-49) from January 2005 to December 2011. The dominant hand was involved in nine @entity1 and all except one were male. The malunited metacarpals demonstrated mean dorsal apex angulation of 43   (range 33  -72  ) with apparent metacarpal shortening. All except three cases had @entity717 . All @entity1 underwent surgical correction of the deformity using our described technique of closing wedge osteotomy using temporary intramedullary K-wire and plate fixation. At a mean follow-up of 46   months (range 12-78), the DASH scores improved significantly (p   <   0.001). All our @entity1 scored 'excellent' according to the B  chler criteria and at final follow-up had returned to pre-injury work and sports activities. Our technique is safe, easily performed and can be adapted to correct a range of @entity85 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

title: Corrective osteotomy for XXXX : Long-term results of a novel technique.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational deformity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

entities_list: @entity1517 :: ('MESH:D017759', 'Disease') :: ['malunited metacarpal fractures']

answer: @entity1517 :: (MESH:D017759,Disease) :: ['malunited metacarpal fractures']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of contralateral motor overflow (i.e. @entity33159 ) between the homologous body parts on the right and left side, in @entity64 @entity1 during single-finger and multi-finger maximum force production tasks. Forty subjects, including @entity64 (n=20) and normal subjects (n=20), participated in this study. The @entity64 subjects maximally pressed force sensors with their fingers in a flexed position using a single (index, middle, ring, or little) or all fingers (all 4 fingers) using the impaired ( @entity11126 ) or unimpaired (UIH) hand, while the non- @entity1 subjects used their right hands for the same tasks. The maximal voluntary forces in the ipsilateral and unintended pressing forces of each contralateral finger were recorded during the tasks. The magnitude of motor overflow to the contralateral side was calculated using the index of contralateral independence (CI). During the single finger tasks, the finger CI was significantly decreased in the UIH (91%) compared with that in the @entity11126 (99%) or normal hands (99%). Likewise, the multiple finger tasks showed that the CI was significantly lower in the UIH (84%) compared with that in the @entity11126 (96%) or normal hands (99%). However, the maximal forces were significantly lower in the @entity11126 relative to those in the UIH and normal hands. These data demonstrate that @entity64 @entity1 have greater motor overflow from the UIH to the @entity11126 .

title: Difference of motor overflow depending on the impaired or unimpaired hand in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity33159 :: ('OMIM:157600', 'Disease') :: ['mirror movement']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: IntroductionMammographic density ( @entity601 ) is a strong biomarker of @entity0 risk. @entity601 increases after @entity1 start @entity172 plus @entity1871 therapy (EPT) and decreases after @entity1 quit EPT. A large interindividual variation in EPT-associated @entity601 change has been observed, but few studies have investigated genetic predictors of the EPT-associated @entity601 change. Here, we evaluate the association between polymorphisms in hormone metabolism pathway genes and @entity601 changes when @entity1 quit EPT.MethodsWe collected mammograms before and after @entity1 quit EPT and genotyped 405 tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)s in 30 hormone metabolism pathway genes in 284 non-Hispanic white @entity1 of the @entity7452 ( @entity7452 ). @entity1 were ages 49 to 71  years at time of mammography taken after quitting EPT. We assessed percent @entity601 using a computer-assisted method. @entity601 change was calculated by subtracting @entity601 of an  off-EPT   mammogram from @entity601 of an  on-EPT   (that is baseline) mammogram. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the SNP- @entity601 change association, adjusting for the baseline  on-EPT   @entity601 , age and BMI at time of baseline mammogram, and time interval and BMI change between the two mammograms. An overall pathway and gene-level summary was obtained using the adaptive ranked truncated product (ARTP) test. We calculated  P-values adjusted for correlated tests ( @entity15649 )   to account for multiple testing within a gene.ResultsThe strongest associations were observed for @entity64883 in @entity6906 , and @entity64884 in @entity2031 . @entity6906 and @entity2031 are involved in excretion and activation of @entity172 metabolites of EPT, respectively. @entity601 change after quitting was 4.2% smaller per minor allele of @entity64883 (P =0.0008; @entity15649 =0.018) and 1.9% larger per minor allele of @entity64884 (P =0.013; @entity15649 =0.025). These individual SNP associations did not reach statistical significance when we further used Bonferroni correction to consider the number of tested genes. The pathway level summary ARTP P-value was not statistically significant.ConclusionsData from this longitudinal study of EPT quitters suggest that genetic variation in two hormone metabolism pathway genes, @entity6906 and @entity2031 , may be associated with change in @entity601 after @entity1 stop using EPT. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings.

title: Hormone metabolism pathway genes and mammographic density change after quitting @entity172 and XXXX combined hormone therapy in the @entity7452 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'California Teachers Study']

answer: @entity1871 :: (CHEBI:59826,Chemical) :: ['progestin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) is one of the most serious problems of vascular surgery and general medicine, as well. Endovascular methods of treatment have been developing very rapidly, however, the conventional treatment of the @entity1028 still predominates. The results of operative treatment have been influenced besides the delayed diagnostics of the @entity1028 resulting in a high rate of @entity1755 by the high comorbidity of the @entity1028 @entity1 population. The accentuation of the proper preoperative and perioperative management of @entity1 could therefore significantly influence the results of the surgery. MAIN PURPOSE AND STARTING POINTS: Striking difference between the mortality of elective and emergent surgery of @entity1028 has been unchanged despite the intensive effort of many centers. One of the main factors of mortality is the concomitant serious @entity301 ( @entity301 ), predominantly the acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The paper analyses the possibilities to improve the results of @entity1028 surgery by means of the @entity1 selection and effective preparation before the elective surgery. The risk factors and concomitant diseases of @entity1 suffering from the @entity1028 , the elective and emergent surgery ratio and the operative mortality are referred. The results of surgical treatment before and after accepting the modern @entity301 management algorithm are compared. METHODS: The present study is a retrospective analysis of the data of 343 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1028 operated on during the 20-years period from 1 January 1979 to 31 December 1998. The 1st group of 249 @entity1 operated on during the 18-years period from 1. January 1979 to 31 December 1996 was not subjected to special attention concerning the @entity301 and was compared with the 2nd group of 93 @entity1 operated on from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 1998. In this group of @entity1 special attention was focused on the improvement of surgical techniques, intensive care and comprehensive diagnostics, evaluation and proper management of the concomitant @entity301 . RESULTS: The mortality rate of the elective surgery in the 1st group was 5.5%, in the 2nd group decreased to 3.6%, the difference was not statistically significant. Evident improvement of the results was apparent in emergency operations for @entity1755 . The mortality rate in the 1st group of 76% dropped to 40% in the 2nd group (p < 0.05). The improved policy in the management has lead to statistically significant decrease of the @entity583 incidence in the perioperative period (87.2% to 28.5%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The improved diagnostics, selection of @entity1 with special concern to the @entity301 and management of the @entity1 before surgery, improved surgical techniques and intensive care lead to evident improvement of the results in the surgical management of the @entity1028 . This fact is confirmed by improved results of the 2nd group of @entity1 because of improved @entity301 management algorithm. (Tab. 5, Fig. 1, Ref. 35.)

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX in severe ischemic coronary disease].

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: @entity454 @entity1 on maintenance hemodialysis suffering from @entity453 probably receive too low doses of @entity460 -antagonists, because the attempt to avoid adverse effects prevails the well-documented antianginal activity of the drug. The aim of our study was to assess the safety and efficacy of incremental doses of @entity3988 in treating @entity951 in hemodialyzed @entity1 with @entity453 , to identify the optimal dose. Ninety-four chronic hemodialyzed @entity1 (59 males and 35 females; mean age 55.2 +/- 3.3 years; on periodic dialysis for 80.3 +/- 25.6 months) with @entity453 and more than 5 min of transient @entity741 during 48 hours of Holter monitoring were included in the study. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial design was used. Incremental doses of @entity3988 (from 120 to 240 mg/day) were administered in 4 months. At doses of 120 and 180 mg/day it was observed a statistically significant reduction in the number and duration of total and symptomatic @entity63 episodes in 48 hours, compared with baseline (p < 0.001). Instead, the number and the duration of silent @entity63 episodes did not significantly change (NS). The efficacy on silent @entity741 was obtained only with the dosage of 240 mg/day (p < 0.001). If this dosage was obtained with a sustained-release formulation (120 mg twice a day), the efficacy was similar to the administration of 4 tablets/day of 60 mg, but the tolerability was better, especially during dialysis. The circadian variations of transient @entity63 episodes showed two peaks in the 24 hours, one from 6.00 to 9.00 a.m. and another from 4.00 to 8.00 p.m., just during the dialysis. Both peaks were reduced only with 240 mg/day. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that sustained-release @entity3988 (120 mg twice a day) is greatly useful in @entity1 with @entity453 on maintenance dialysis because it reduces the frequency of silent @entity63 episodes, has a good tolerability, and modifies the circadian pattern of @entity63 episodes, reducing both peaks during the day.

title: [Incremental doses of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity453 in @entity454 maintained on hemodialysis: which is the optimal dose?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: AIMS: The randomized comparison of @entity38649 -coated bioactive stent with @entity2239 -eluting stent in @entity1187 (BASE- @entity1187 ) trial demonstrated an outcome of the @entity38649 coated bioactive stents (BASs) that was statistically noninferior to that of the @entity2239 -eluting stents (EESs) at 12-month follow-up, in @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) who underwent early percutaneous coronary intervention. We performed a post-hoc gender-based analysis of the BASE- @entity1187 trial at 24-month follow-up. METHODS: A total of 827 @entity1 (198 @entity1 ) with @entity1187 were randomly assigned to receive either BAS or EES. The primary endpoint was a composite of @entity204 , nonfatal @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or @entity63 -driven @entity75 revascularization. RESULTS: @entity1 were older, and more likely to have @entity6 and @entity101 compared with @entity1 (P<0.05 for all). Moreover, @entity1 had significantly smaller reference vessel diameter and stent diameter (P<0.05 for all). At 24-month follow-up, the cumulative incidence of the primary endpoint was similar between the two sex subgroups (15.2 versus 11.0%, for @entity1 versus @entity1 , respectively, P=0.13). However, the rate of nonfatal @entity583 was significantly higher in @entity1 compared with @entity1 (8.6 versus 3.8%, respectively, P=0.007). After propensity score-adjusted analysis, there was a trend toward more nonfatal @entity583 among @entity1 (8.6 versus 4.0%, respectively, P=0.08). Moreover, among male @entity1 , those assigned to BAS had significantly lower nonfatal @entity583 compared with those assigned to EES (P=0.027). However, among @entity1 assigned to EES, female @entity1 had a significantly higher rate of nonfatal @entity583 compared with @entity1 (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: In the current post-hoc gender-based analysis of the BASE- @entity1187 trial, the 24-month outcome of @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for @entity1187 was slightly worse in @entity1 , compared with @entity1 , as reflected by a trend toward more nonfatal @entity583 events after propensity score-adjusted analysis.

title: Gender-based analysis of randomized comparison of bioactive versus XXXX -eluting stents in @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity38649 :: ('MESH:C434243', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium-nitride-oxide']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: The interferon-inducible RNA-specific @entity859 deaminase (ADAR1) is an RNA-editing enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of @entity859 in double-stranded RNA structures. Three alternative splice-site variants of ADAR1 (ADAR1-a, -b, and -c) occur that possess functionally distinct double-stranded RNA-binding motifs as measured with synthetic double-stranded RNA substrates. The pre-mRNA transcript encoding the B subunit of @entity2227 receptor ( @entity139 ) has two functionally important editing sites (Q/R and R/G sites) that undergo selective A-to-I conversions. We have examined the ability of the three ADAR1 splice-site variants to catalyze the editing of @entity139 pre-mRNA at the Q/R and R/G sites as well as an intron hotspot (+60) of unknown function. Measurement of @entity139 pre-mRNA editing in vitro revealed different site-specific deamination catalyzed by the three ADAR1 variants. The ADAR1-a, -b, and -c splice variants all efficiently edited the R/G site and the intron +60 hotspot but exhibited little editing activity at the Q/R site. ADAR1-b and -c showed higher editing activity than ADAR1-a for the R/G site, whereas the intron +60 site was edited with comparable efficiency by all three ADAR1 splice variants. Mutational analysis revealed that the functional importance of each of the three RNA-binding motifs of ADAR1 varied with the specific target editing site in @entity139 RNA. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of @entity139 RNA from dissected regions of @entity35 brain showed significant expression and editing at the R/G site in all brain regions examined except the choroid plexus. The relative levels of the alternatively spliced flip and flop isoforms of @entity139 RNA varied among the choroid plexus, cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and striatum, but in all regions of @entity35 brain the editing of the flip isoform was greater than that of the flop isoform.

title: Editing of XXXX receptor subunit B pre-mRNA by splice-site variants of interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-specific @entity859 deaminase ADAR1.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high performance size exclusion-fluorescence detection (HPSEC-FD) method combined with @entity2822 ( @entity2823 ) prelabeling was established for the microanalysis of polysaccharide-protein complexes from longan pulp (LPP). @entity2823 -labeled LPP (LPPF) was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography. The weight-average molecular weight and @entity2823 substitution degree of LPPF were 39.01 kDa and 0.20%, respectively. The HPSEC-FD calibration curves linear over the range of 1-200   g/mL in @entity19 plasma, spleen and lung samples with correlation coefficients greater than 0.995. The inter-day and intra-day precisions of the method were not more than 6.9%, and the relative recovery ranged from 93.7% to 106.4%. The concentration-time curve of LPPF in plasma following intravenous (i.v.) administration at 40 mg/kg body weight well fitted to a two-compartment model. LPPF rapidly eliminated from plasma according to the short half-lives (t1/2a = 2.23 min, t1/2b = 39.11 min) and mean retention times (MRT0-t = 1.15 h, MRT0-    = 1.39 h). After administration over 5 to 360 min, the concentration of LPPF in spleen homogenate decreased from 7.41 to 3.68   g/mL; the concentration in lung homogenate decreased from 9.08 to 3.40   g/mL. On the other hand, the increasing concentration of LPPF fraction with low molecular weight in heart homogenate was observed.

title: Microanalysis, Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Polysaccharide-Protein Complexes from Longan Pulp in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Noninvasive localization of an epileptogenic zone is a fundamental step for presurgical evaluation of @entity302 @entity1 . Here, we applied long-term simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)/electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring for focus diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). Six @entity1315 @entity1 underwent long-term (8-16  h per day for 4 days) fNIRS/EEG monitoring for the occurrence of spontaneous @entity410 . Four spontaneous @entity410 were successfully recorded out of the six @entity1 . To determine oxy-Hb amplitude, the period-average values of oxy-Hb across 20  s from the EEG- or clinically defined @entity302 onset were calculated for both hemispheres from the simultaneously recorded fNIRS data. The average oxy-Hb values for the temporal lobe at the earlier EEG- or clinically defined @entity302 onsets were greater for the @entity302 side than for the contralateral side after EEG activity suppression, spike train, and clinical @entity410 in all four cases. The true laterality was determined based on the relief of @entity410 by selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy. Thus, oxy-Hb amplitude could be a reliable measure for determining the @entity302 focus side. Long-term simultaneous fNIRS/EEG measurement serves as an effective tool for recording spontaneous @entity410 . Cerebral hemodynamic measurement by fNIRS would serve as a valuable supplementary noninvasive measurement method for presurgical evaluation of @entity1315 .

title: Determination of @entity302 focus side in XXXX using long-term noninvasive fNIRS/EEG monitoring for presurgical evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present a method developed for measuring areas of @entity10691 ( @entity10691 ) in advanced age-related @entity1020 , METHODS: A microfilm reader projected the 30 degrees fundus photograph of the macula. Retinal landmarks, @entity3202 , and spared areas within the @entity194 were traced, without access to drawings of other years. The total @entity3202 area was calculated, as was the @entity194 within a four-disc-area circle entered on the estimated foveal center. The configuration of the @entity194 was documented. RESULTS: Avoidable sources of discrepancy included variability in @entity194 seen on the photograph, and variability seen in the extent of the field. Reproducibility studies found a median absolute difference of 0.19 @entity1020 Study disc areas (DA) in @entity194 between repeat drawings, with 75% of repeat drawings having a difference of less than 0.33 DA. For central @entity194 measures, there was a median difference of 0.08 DA, with 75% of pairs having a difference of less than 0.18 DA. Features making the definition of borders of @entity10691 difficult include the presence of @entity2342 , a fundus in which choroidal vessels are easily visible, and variation in the appearance of @entity10691 within a single area of @entity194 . CONCLUSIONS: This method provides a reliable means of measuring the size of @entity3202 in @entity10691 and will be useful for measuring longitudinal change. It may be difficult to determine whether central spared areas are present, and correlation with visual acuity and macular perimetry may be helpful.

title: Measuring XXXX in advanced age-related @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity10691 :: ('MESH:D057092', 'Disease') :: ['GA', 'geographic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic', 'atrophic areas']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'peripapillary atrophy', 'total atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration', 'Macular Photocoagulation']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['drusen and pigmentary alteration']

answer: @entity10691 :: (MESH:D057092,Disease) :: ['geographic atrophy']


abstract: AIMS: In @entity1 with @entity453 @entity934 (a muscarinic agonist) causes vasoconstriction. The effect of @entity3897 (a muscarinic antagonist) on coronary vasotone in @entity1 with normal or impaired left ventricular function is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 who required @entity3897 infusion (to supplement heart rate response) during atrial pacing (pacing was conducted to assess ischaemia as part of an experimental protocol) were studied; 17 @entity1 had normal and seven impaired left ventricular function (ejection fraction < or =0.40). Two control groups were selected from a large database (from @entity1 in whom atrial pacing was carried out but to whom @entity3897 was not administered) to match the normal (n=20) and dysfunction (n=10) groups. In the normal left ventricular function group @entity3897 increased rate pressure product by 12 +/- 4%, as compared to those without @entity3897 (P < 0.05). Left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased less in the @entity3897 group (+40 +/- 8% vs +78 +/- 6%;P < 0.05). Arterial @entity1063 increased similarly in both groups, but coronary flow (as assessed by using a thermodiluting method in the coronary sinus) increased 23 +/ -4% more in the @entity3897 group (P < 0.05). Further, there were lower levels of myocardial @entity880 production and ST-segment @entity308 in the @entity3897 group [ @entity880 extraction +13 +/- 6% ( @entity3897 ) vs -19 +/- 4% (controls), ST-segment @entity308 1. 3 +/- 0.6 ( @entity3897 ) vs 1.8 +/- 0.2 mm (control), both P < 0.05 between groups]. In contrast, in the dysfunction group the overall effect of @entity3897 was less pronounced. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with normal left ventricular function @entity3897 improves coronary flow and reduces myocardial @entity880 production and ST-segment @entity308 during atrial pacing, suggesting a reduction in @entity296 .

title: Differential anti-ischaemic effects of muscarinic receptor blockade in @entity1 with obstructive XXXX ; impaired vs normal left ventricular function.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Although the incidence of wound complications after median sternotomy is less than 1%, it remains a serious complication in @entity1 undergoing cardiac procedures. We suggest that the combination of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy and aggressive surgical approach improves clinical outcomes in these @entity1 . Between August 1997 and May 2002, 55 @entity1 with @entity6081 and/or @entity1764 were qualified for hyperbaric @entity26 treatment in connection to surgical management. Surgical procedure included wound debridment and/or sternum rewiring, omental pedicle flap plasty or sternectomy. Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy consisted of 20 to 40 expositions per @entity1 and was carried before and after the surgery. RESULTS: There was no in-hospital death. The total time between the admission and discharge from the hospital varied from 2 to 24 weeks (average 8 weeks). The @entity281 has been cured in all @entity1 treated for @entity6081 . That has been confirmed by negative bacteriological tests, stabilization of the sternum and complete wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of surgical treatment and hyperbaric @entity26 therapy may improve clinical outcome in @entity1 with sterno-mediastinis and poststernotomy wound @entity281 after cardiac surgery.

title: [Surgical treatment and adjunct hyperbaric therapy to improve healing of wound XXXX complications after sterno- @entity1764 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative sternal wound infection']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the associations with cigarette smoking have been explored extensively for invasive @entity0 , the relation to in @entity2735 @entity5 has not previously been examined in depth. METHODS: We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of @entity1 living in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Eligible cases of incident @entity0 in @entity2735 were reported to statewide registries in 1997-2001 (n = 1878); similarly aged controls (n = 8041) were randomly selected from population lists. Smoking history and other risk factor information were collected through structured telephone interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated from logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: In multivariate models, the OR for @entity0 in @entity2735 among current smokers was 0.8, compared with never-smokers (95% CI = 0.7-1.0). Risk estimates increased towards the null with greater time since smoking cessation. Odds ratios were also less than 1.0 among @entity1 who initiated smoking in adolescence (OR = 0.8) or after a full-term birth (OR = 0.7), relative to @entity1 who never smoked. The reduced odds ratios associated with current smoking were strongest among @entity1 with annual screening mammograms (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.6-0.9). Odds ratios were not less than 1.0 among current smokers without a recent screening mammogram (1.3; 0.9-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an inverse association between current smoking and risk of @entity0 in @entity2735 among @entity1 undergoing @entity0 screening.

title: Cigarette smoking and risk of XXXX in @entity2735 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To study different imaging criteria for prediction of lymph node @entity3 ( @entity5 ) in @entity694 using CT. METHODS: In a retrospective setting, 483 consecutive @entity1 with histology proven @entity694 underwent elective primary resection during 2008-2011, a cohort of 119 @entity1 were included. Contrast enhanced CT examinations, in portal-venous phase, were reviewed with assessment of the number of lymph nodes, their anatomical distribution, size, size ratio, internal heterogeneity, presence of irregular outer border and attenuation values. Sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 and NPV for each studied criteria for prediction of @entity5 was calculated. RESULTS: According to histopathology 80 @entity1 were stage I-II and 39 were stage III. Of the studied CT-criteria for lymph node @entity3 per @entity1 , internal heterogeneity in at least one lymph node resulted in the best performance with sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 and NPV of 79, 84, 70 and 89%, Odds ratio (OR) 20. Presence of irregular outer border resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 and NPV of 59, 81, 61 and 82%, OR 6.2. If both internal heterogeneity and/or irregular outer border was used as a criterion this resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 and NPV of 85, 75, 62 and 91%, OR 16.5. None of the size criteria used were predictive for @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: When performing preoperative CT in @entity1 with @entity694 , the imaging criteria that allow best prediction of @entity5 on CT are either presence of at least one lymph node with internal heterogeneity or internal heterogeneity and/or irregular outer border. These criteria have to be validated in a prospective study.

title: Assessment and diagnostic accuracy of lymph node status to predict XXXX using computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III disease', 'stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III colon cancer']


abstract: @entity8057 ( @entity8057 ) is a clinicopathologic syndrome in which a @entity1892 involving the bone marrow, usually @entity706 ( @entity706 ), is associated with immunoglobulin M paraprotein in the serum. Extramedullary involvement occurs in a subset of @entity1 and is infrequently examined histologically. The files of M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center were searched for @entity1 with @entity8057 who underwent biopsy of one or more extramedullary sites during the course of disease. Each biopsy specimen was classified using the criteria of the World Health Organization classification. The study group consisted of 44 @entity1 (26 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ), with a total of 51 specimens obtained from lymph nodes (n = 36), soft tissue (n = 4), spleen (n = 3), skin (n = 2), lung (n = 2), tonsils (n = 1), colon (n = 1), liver (n = 1), and gallbladder (n = 1). @entity706 was the most common histologic type, in 40 (78%) samples. This category was morphologically heterogeneous and was further subclassified as lymphoplasmacytic (n = 21), lymphoplasmacytoid (n = 18), and polymorphous (n = 1). Four of these @entity706 cases morphologically resembled marginal zone @entity1892 . Four additional samples were involved by diffuse large @entity1892 , probably transformed from @entity706 . Three more samples were involved by @entity706 with unusual features: two were @entity5893 -positive and one was a composite @entity5 with classical @entity978 . Other categories of @entity706 in this group of @entity1 with @entity8057 included small @entity1072 / @entity1072 (n = 2), @entity1073 (n = 1), and @entity706 (n = 1). @entity8057 is most commonly associated with @entity706 but can rarely occur with other types of @entity1892 . @entity706 in @entity1 with @entity8057 is morphologically heterogeneous and can be indistinguishable from marginal zone @entity1892 . @entity5893 + @entity1892 with features otherwise typical of @entity706 are rare, and we think these @entity5 are part of the spectrum of @entity706 .

title: XXXX involving extramedullary sites: morphologic and immunophenotypic findings in 44 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma', 'LPL', 'follicular lymphoma', 'lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma', 'B-cell neoplasm', 'B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia', 'WM']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia']


abstract: 1. In 15- to 21-month-old male @entity19 of the C 57 black strain that had been treated with a placebo (olive oil), the incidence of gonarthrosis was found to be 19% in the youngest and 61% in the older animals. If the very early stages are included, the incidences range from 36% to 65%. 2. Only the most severe degrees of @entity4040 could be diagnosed radiographically; mild stages were only detectable by histological examination under the light-microscope. 3. The motility of the older animals severely affected with @entity4040 (as measured by reference to their ability to run over a grid) was for the most part limited. 4. The percentage of @entity19 with gonarthrosis was diminished by treatment with @entity41955 ( @entity41955 , @entity41955 ) in doses of 150, 500 or 1200 mg/kg p.o. weekly over a period of three months. Comparison of the animals that had received @entity41955 with those given the placebo (olive oil) revealed that the incidence of lesions was 36-60% less in the former. If the very early stages of @entity4040 were included in the evaluation, the differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.05) at the two higher dose-levels. 5. Under the given experimental conditions, no clear-cut dose-effect relation on the part of @entity41955 was demonstrable, since the youngest animals with the least marked @entity4040 were treated with the smallest dose of the preparation and the older animals, in which the incidence of @entity4040 was higher, with the larger doses.

title: [Influence of XXXX on spontaneous osteoarthrosis in @entity19 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity41955 :: ('MESH:C100302', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl-3,5,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucofuranoside', 'tribenoside', 'Glyvenol']

answer: @entity41955 :: (MESH:C100302,Chemical) :: ['tribenoside']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: While @entity174 and @entity1796 are known to be important diseases in National Hunt (NH) racehorses during racing, there are no accurate estimates of their incidence in NH training yards. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of @entity174 and @entity1796 (TLIs) in NH racehorses in training; to describe the injuries incurred and to compare injury incidence rates by @entity1641 age, trainer, gender and background (ex-flat vs. ex-store @entity1641 ). METHODS: Cohort data were collected from 14 UK NH training yards for 2 racing seasons. Daily exercise regimens and details of @entity174 and TLIs occurring in study @entity1641 were recorded. RESULTS: Data were gathered from 1223 @entity1641 that spent 9466 months at risk of injury. The @entity174 incidence rate was 1.1/100 @entity1641 months and varied significantly by trainer (P<0.001) but not by gender, age or background. The pelvis and third metacarpal bone (MCIII) were the most common @entity174 sites, although this varied between racing and training. The TLI incidence rate was 1.9/100 @entity1641 months and varied significantly by trainer (P = 0.05) and age (P<0.001) but not by gender or background. However, ex-store @entity1641 were significantly more likely to have a TLI on the racecourse than ex-flat @entity1641 (P = 0.01). Superficial digital flexor injuries accounted for 89% of all TLIs, the remainder being suspensory ligament injuries. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Fractures and TLIs are important causes of morbidity and mortality in NH racehorses in training in England. This study provides accurate estimates of their incidence in this population and provides a baseline against which to monitor the effect of future interventions.

title: Descriptive epidemiology of @entity174 , XXXX in National Hunt racehorses in training.

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon injuries', 'tendon and suspensory ligament injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1796 :: (MESH:D013708,Disease) :: ['tendon and suspensory ligament injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many genes participate in the process of ovarian germ cell development, while the combined action mechanisms of these molecular regulators still need clarification. The present study was focused on determination of differentially expressed genes and gene functions at four critical time points in @entity1573 ovarian development. Comparative transcriptional profiling of ovaries from embryonic day 5.5 (E5.5), E12.5, E15.5 and E18.5 was performed using an Affymetrix GeneChip @entity1573 genome microarray. Differential expression patterns for genes specifically depleted and enriched in each stage were identified. The results showed that most of the up- and downregulated genes were involved in the metabolism of @entity1968 (RA) and synthesis of hormones. Among them, a higher number of up- and downregulated genes in the E15.5 ovary were identified as being involved in @entity134 biosynthesis and @entity904 metabolism, respectively. To validate gene changes, expressions of twelve candidate genes related to germ cell development were examined by real-time PCR and found to be consistent with the of GeneChip data. Moreover, the immunostaining results suggested that ovarian development during different stages was regulated by different genes. Furthermore, a @entity56086 knockdown @entity1573 model was produced to investigate the fundamental role of @entity56086 in meiosis initiation. It was found that meiosis occurred abnormally in @entity56086 knockdown ovaries, but the inhibitory effect on meiosis was reversed by the addition of exogenous RA. This study offers insights into the profile of gene expression and mechanisms regulating ovarian development, especially the notable role of @entity56086 in meiosis initiation in the @entity1573 .

title: Comparative analysis of temporal gene expression patterns in the developing ovary of the embryonic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression of @entity17944 and the @entity34189 in 12 tissue samples from normal pituitary glands and in 28 @entity1 @entity977 ranging from Grade 0 to Grade IV, and to establish a correlation between the level of expression of MMPs and TIMPs and the @entity5 grade. METHODS: The expression of MMPs and TIMPs was determined by Western blotting. MMP activity was detected by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: MMPs were expressed in the majority of @entity5 , and their levels of expression were unrelated to @entity5 grade or to their invasive phenotype. Some correlation was observed between MMP activity detected by zymography and @entity5 grade. @entity1552 and @entity8111 were poorly expressed in high-grade @entity5 and strongly expressed in normal pituitary glands and in the majority of low-grade @entity5 . CONCLUSION: No correlation could be established between the invasive potential of @entity5 and @entity17944 expression levels. Some correlation was observed between MMP activity detected by zymography and @entity5 grade. A good inverse correlation was observed between @entity1552 and @entity8111 expression levels and @entity5 grade. These data suggest that monitoring the expression of @entity1552 and @entity8111 or gelatinolytic activity could be of prognostic value.

title: Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity34189 :: ('7076;7077;7078', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, -2, and -3']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumors']


abstract: In hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), intestinal absorption of dietary @entity68 is increased, leading to excessive @entity68 accumulation in tissues and resultant organ damage. The @entity14398 protein, which is defective in HH, normally is expressed in crypt enterocytes of the duodenum where it has a unique, predominantly intracellular localization. In placenta, the @entity14398 protein colocalizes with and forms a stable association with the @entity8282 ( @entity8282 ), providing a link between the @entity14398 protein and @entity68 transport. In the present study, we examined the relationship of the @entity14398 protein to the @entity8282 in enterocytes of the @entity1 duodenum and measured the uptake of @entity69 -bound @entity68 and ionic @entity68 by isolated crypt and villus enterocytes. Immunocytochemistry showed that the @entity14398 protein and @entity8282 both are expressed in the crypt enterocytes. Western blots showed that, as was the case in @entity1 placenta, the @entity14398 protein in crypt enterocytes is physically associated with the @entity8282 and with @entity2262 . The crypt cell fraction exhibited dramatically higher @entity69 -bound @entity68 uptake than villus cells. On the other hand, the villus cells showed 2-3 times higher uptake of ionic @entity68 than crypt cells. We propose that the @entity14398 protein modulates the uptake of @entity69 -bound @entity68 from plasma by crypt enterocytes and participates in the mechanism by which the crypt enterocytes sense the level of body @entity68 stores. Impairment of this function caused by @entity14398 gene mutations in HH could provide a paradoxical signal in crypt enterocytes that programs the differentiating enterocytes to absorb more dietary @entity68 when they mature into villus enterocytes.

title: Association of @entity14398 protein with @entity69 receptor in crypt enterocytes of XXXX duodenum.

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity8282 :: ('7037', 'Gene') :: ['TfR', 'transferrin receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The extraneuronal @entity1154 transporter from @entity35 (EMTr) was heterologously expressed by stable transfection in @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 cells and characterized in radiotracer experiments. 2. EMTr-mediated uptake of @entity9013 ( @entity9016 ) was saturable, with a K(m) of 151 micro mol l(-1) and V(max) of 7.5 nmol min(-1) mg protein(-1). 3. Compared to the @entity1 orthologue @entity33895 (gene symbol @entity33895 ), EMTr was about two orders of magnitude more resistant to most inhibitors, including @entity63052 and @entity2819 . 4. Strikingly, inhibitors and substrates at low concentration stimulated EMTr-mediated transport above control level with @entity9016 and @entity1063 as substrate, but not with @entity4444 . Results were confirmed with EMT from @entity19 . 5. With different IC(50)-values for different substrates, the standard method to calculate K(i)-values is not applicable. 6. Our experiments suggest that activation is not caused by changes in membrane potential or trans-stimulation. Since the extent of activation depends markedly on the chemical structure of the monitored substrate, involvement of a receptor-mediated signalling pathway or recruitment of transporter reserve are implausible. 7. To explain activation, we present a kinetic model which assumes two binding sites for substrate or inhibitor per transporter entity, possibly resulting from the assembly of homodimers. 8. Activation explains previous reports about inhibitor-insensitive @entity2922 transport in @entity35 brain. 9. We speculate that activation may serve to keep the transporter working for specific substrates in the face of inhibitors.

title: Activation of the extraneuronal XXXX transporter (EMT) from @entity35 expressed in 293 cells.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity63052 :: ('MESH:C103851', 'Chemical') :: ['disprocynium24']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity9013 :: ('MESH:D015655', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamine']


abstract: The goals of this work were to investigate the effect of a @entity3558 -containing spray on chronic @entity2133 after radiotherapy in the head and neck region and to lean about the influence of age on the results of this treatment. A total of 73 @entity1 with @entity2133 following radiotherapy for various @entity5 in the head and neck region tested a bottle of the @entity3558 spray (SALIVA-medac) and filled ina questionnaire about @entity2133 . In all, 59 questionnaires were completed and returned. All @entity1 had had some form of prior treatment for @entity2133 , which was applied an average (mean) of 16 times per day (median 15 times per day). The @entity3558 spray had to be used less frequently, i.e. 11 times daily (median 5 times per day) (P<0.001, Wilcoxon rank test). Also, the @entity1 reported sleeping significantly better when using the @entity3558 spray [2.9 against 3.9 (P<0.00 I by Wilcoxon rank test) in the German school marking system, where 1=very good and 6=poor]. As far as the frequency of saliva substitute use is concerned, on average older @entity1 had a benefit from using the spray. However, older @entity1 had a clear benefit seen in the individual improvement in the reported quality of sleep when using the @entity3558 spray. The slope of improvement in sleep quality (school-type points) over age (years) was 0.3 points/10 years. In this explorative study the @entity3558 spray was found to be useful against @entity2133 in irradiated @entity1 . Older @entity1 seem to derive especial benefit from its use.

title: Treatment of XXXX following radiotherapy: does age matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['xerostomia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1374 are very common in adults. Despite advances in conservative management, surgery remains a treatment modality of choice in many cases. The mortality and morbidity of thyroidectomy are low, but long-term @entity86 ( @entity261 ) remains a prominent complication of the procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of permanent @entity261 and identify the risk factors for this complication in a cohort of post-thyroidectomy @entity1 followed at a District Endocrine Clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 401 @entity1 followed up at a Regional/District Endocrine Clinic, who had undergone thyroid surgery in the years 1993-2011. The percentage of @entity1 with permanent (>12 months) @entity261 was the primary endpoint of the study. The statistically analyzed data of @entity1 with permanent @entity261 versus the remaining @entity1 free from @entity260 included their demographic data, indications for surgical treatment of their @entity1374 , and extent of the thyroid resection. The risk factors for @entity86 were assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Permanent @entity261 following surgery on the thyroid gland occurred in 8.5% of the @entity1 . It was more frequent following total thyroidectomy (20.2%) than near-total thyroidectomy (6.7%) or subtotal thyroidectomy (4.2%); p<0.0001. A multivariate statistical regression analysis demonstrated that primary total thyroidectomy was a significant risk factor for permanent @entity261 (OR 6.5; 95% CI: 2.9-14.4; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Total thyroidectomy was associated with increased prevalence of permanent @entity261 when compared to less extensive thyroid resection modes in @entity1 with benign @entity1374 .

title: Total thyroidectomy is associated with increased prevalence of permanent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['HPT', 'hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid disorders', 'thyroid diseases', 'thyroid disorder']

answer: @entity261 :: (MESH:D007011,Disease) :: ['hypoparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical management of left-sided large bowel @entity341 @entity1 remains controversial. There has been an increasing trend towards primary reconstructive surgery. The main dilemma remains appropriate @entity1 selection for primary @entity254 . METHODS: The records of 323 @entity1 who presented as acute @entity341 and underwent surgery between January 1990 and December 2000 for left-sided @entity14 and @entity66 were reviewed, to compare the outcome of resection and primary @entity254 with Hartmann's procedure. @entity1 were stratified into 3 groups according to whether the presentation was with localized or generalized @entity298 , or with obstruction. RESULTS: Resection and @entity254 was carried out in 176 (55.7%) @entity1 with a 30-day mortality of 5.7%. Anastomotic dehiscence occurred in 9 (5.1%) @entity1 , with no difference between the three groups. @entity295 occurred in 8 (4.5%) @entity1 , and the median hospital stay was 13 days. Hartmann's resection was associated with a higher incidence of systemic and surgical morbidity (39.5% and 24.3%, respectively). The mortality rates in those selected for primary @entity254 (5.7%) compared favourably with those undergoing Hartmann's resections (20.4%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Emergency primary @entity254 in @entity10584 can be performed with a low morbidity and mortality in selected @entity1 , even in the presence of a free perforation with diffuse @entity298 . @entity1 selected for staged resection, were those with major comorbid disease.

title: Safety of primary XXXX in @entity341 colo-rectal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Wound sepsis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies', 'emergency']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Both the radiology and surgery literature mention "popcorn @entity730 " as a diagnostic aid in identifying @entity4607 . Nineteen @entity1 underwent resection of @entity4607 at North Carolina Memorial Hospital between January 1969 and February 1983, representing 1.9 per cent of all thoracotomies performed for @entity358 . Of the 19 @entity1 , there were 12 @entity1 (63%) and 7 @entity1 (37%), and most were asymptomatic. Chest x-ray demonstrated 12 right-sided and 7 left-sided lesions. All masses were located peripherally in the lung parenchyma and in no instance was @entity730 present. Fourteen wedge resections and 5 lobectomies were performed. Pathologic examination confirmed the absence of @entity730 ; however, in two cases (11%) an associated @entity5 was present. There were no operative deaths and only minor @entity260 . All problems resolved without difficulty. These data show that @entity4607 are not commonly associated with @entity730 , and there may be an increased association with @entity2 . Excision can be performed with minimal morbidity and is necessary to distinguish @entity4607 from @entity5 .

title: A clinical review of @entity1 undergoing resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas', 'pulmonary hamartomas']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hamartoma']


abstract: In the treatment of @entity320 , provisional therapeutic strategies have been designed to combat @entity5 load using T cells that are sensitized with peptides derived from @entity320 autoantigens, such as @entity9857 ( @entity9857 ), @entity320 antigen recognized by T cells 1 ( @entity3059 or MelanA), @entity11442 and @entity18259 ( @entity18259 ). We recently found that @entity9857 , @entity3059 and @entity11442 are heterogeneously expressed in @entity1 @entity320 (De Vries et al (1997) Cancer Res 57: 3223-3229). Here, we extended our investigations on expression of these immunotherapy candidate proteins to @entity2184 . Cryostat sections from 11 spindle-type, 21 mixed and epithelioid @entity5 and four @entity3 lesions were stained with antibodies specifically recognizing @entity9857 , @entity3059 , @entity11442 and @entity18259 . In addition, we used the @entity9191 reaction to detect @entity11442 enzyme activity as a confirmation of the @entity11442 immunohistochemical results. High expression of @entity9857 , @entity38459 was found in the @entity2184 : 80% of the lesions displayed 75-100% positive @entity5 cells. @entity18259 positivity was slightly less: approximately 65% of the lesions stained in the 75-100% positive @entity5 cell category. All @entity2184 were positive for the four markers studied, this being in contrast to @entity320 where 17% of the advanced primary lesions and @entity3 were negative. The presence of these antigens was a little lower in @entity3 . We conclude that uveal @entity320 and their @entity3 express melanocyte-lineage immunotherapy candidate proteins very abundantly. @entity2184 differ in this respect from @entity320 , in which the expression of these immunotherapy antigens was much more heterogeneous. This makes @entity2184 a suitable candidate @entity5 for immunotherapeutic approaches.

title: High expression of immunotherapy candidate proteins @entity9857 , @entity3059 , @entity11442 and @entity18259 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanoma lesions', 'Uveal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity18259 :: ('7306', 'Gene') :: ['tyrosinase-related protein 1', 'TRP-1']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: @entity11349 transferase (FT) inhibitors block the main post-translational modification of the Ras protein, thus interfering with its localisation to the inner surface of the plasma membrane and subsequent activation of downstream effectors. Although initially developed as a strategy to target Ras in @entity5 , FT inhibitors have subsequently been acknowledged as acting by additional and more complex mechanisms that may extend beyond Ras, involving @entity16505 , centromere-binding proteins and probably other farnesylated proteins. @entity38450 ( @entity38450 , Sarasar( trade mark ); Schering-Plough), a tricyclic orally active FT inhibitor, was the first of these compounds to undergo clinical development. Gastrointestinal tract @entity137 and fatigue have qualified as dose-limiting @entity137 in all Phase I/II studies. Evidence of clinical activity has been reported. @entity38450 combination studies with both @entity136 and @entity1311 have been carried out. No unexpected @entity137 were observed in these Phase I studies, while encouraging clinical activity was observed mainly in @entity788 and @entity1149 . Further combination studies are ongoing. @entity8202 (Zarnestra( trade mark ); Janssen Pharmaceutica) is another orally active FT competitive inhibitor in clinical development. Single-agent Phase I/II studies have shown that myelotoxicity and @entity2359 are dose-limiting @entity137 ; intermittent schedule is probably better tolerated; antitumour activity is observed particularly in @entity0 and @entity5 . A number of combination studies with @entity8202 have been carried out. A recently completed, large Phase III trial comparing @entity136 plus @entity8202 versus @entity136 plus placebo in advanced @entity788 has failed to demonstrate any survival benefit in the @entity8202 arm. @entity63464 is the third FT inhibitor in clinical development. It has the main advantage of being cytotoxic in nature, rather than cytostatic, and potent in vivo antitumour activity has been reported. A major drawback for @entity63464 is its severe @entity99 , which prevent the achievement of adequate systemic exposures following the oral route. Alternative ways of interference with the ras oncogene pathway, in particular inhibition of ras downstream effectors, are discussed and early clinical data are presented.

title: XXXX transferase inhibitors in clinical development.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity11349 :: ('CHEBI:24017', 'Chemical') :: ['Farnesyl']

entities_list: @entity38450 :: ('MESH:C115354', 'Chemical') :: ['Lonafarnib', 'SCH66336', 'lonafarnib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematological malignancies', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and liver toxicities']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity11349 :: (CHEBI:24017,Chemical) :: ['Farnesyl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of @entity1 with @entity299 require surgery in adulthood. We aimed to give an overview of the prevalence, distribution, and outcome of cardiovascular surgery for @entity299 . We specifically questioned whether the effects of surgical treatment on subsequent long-term survival depend on sex. METHODS AND RESULTS: From the Dutch Congenital Corvitia (CONCOR) registry for adults with @entity299 , we identified 10 300 @entity1 ; their median age was 33.1 years. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to assess the association of surgery in adulthood with sex and with long-term survival. In total, 2015 @entity1 (20%) underwent surgery for @entity299 in adulthood during a median follow-up period of 15.1 years; in 812 @entity1 (40%), it was a reoperation. Overall, both first operations and reoperations in adulthood were performed significantly more often in @entity1 compared with @entity1 (adjusted odds ratio=1.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.6] and 1.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.4], respectively). @entity1 with their third and fourth or more surgery in adulthood had a 2- and 3-times-higher risk of @entity204 compared with @entity1 never operated on (adjusted hazard ratio=1.9 [95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.6] and 2.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-6.3], respectively). @entity1 with a reoperation in adulthood had a 2-times-higher risk of @entity204 than @entity1 (adjusted hazard ratio=1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.5). CONCLUSIONS: Of predominantly young adults with @entity299 , one fifth required cardiovascular surgery during a 15-year period; in 40%, the surgery was a reoperation. @entity1 with @entity299 have a higher chance of undergoing surgery in adulthood and have a consistently worse long-term survival after reoperations in adulthood compared with @entity1 .

title: Surgery in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous evidence in healthy subjects suggested that functional polymorphisms @entity9459 @entity65833 and @entity38038 @entity65834 interact in regulating mood and emotional processing. We attempted to replicate this interaction primarily on @entity162 and @entity308 dimensions in @entity1316 @entity1 , and secondarily on @entity161 @entity1 , diagnosis itself and age of onset. METHODS: Symptom dimensions were derived from the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History 82 items rated lifetime in acute episodes and stabilized interepisode intervals in 384 @entity1 from the @entity161 and @entity162 Eastern Quebec Kindred Study. Linear mixed effect models of symptom dimensions included @entity65833 - @entity65834 main and interaction fixed effects (obtained from TaqMan genotypes), and a polygenic random effect. The distribution of lifetime best-estimate DSM-IV diagnosis of 855 kindred members was studied versus genotype under a polytomous logistic model. RESULTS: In @entity1316 @entity1 , the level of @entity162 (in both acute and stabilized periods) and @entity308 in stabilized periods was positively associated with @entity9459 @entity65833 T only in @entity38038 @entity65834 A-allele carriers (Bonferroni-corrected interaction p=0.024, 0.052 and 0.017 respectively). The two polymorphisms explained 11% of @entity162 variance and 5% of interepisode @entity308 variance. The association was observed neither in @entity161 @entity1 nor with the @entity716 dimension in @entity1316 @entity1 . Interaction with the diagnosis distribution (p=0.03) was driven by the decreasing prevalence of recurrent @entity308 with @entity65833 T also only in carriers of @entity65834 A. LIMITATIONS: Sample size was limited, but power was sufficient to detect the tested interaction effect in this replication sample. CONCLUSIONS: We replicate in affective @entity1 an interaction between the @entity38038 @entity65834 and @entity9459 @entity65833 polymorphisms in regulating mood dimensions.

title: The interaction of XXXX and @entity38038 genotypes may influence the @entity162 and @entity308 dimensions in @entity1316 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity9459 :: (2932,Gene) :: ['GSK3B']


abstract: PURPOSE: The NCIC CTG PR3/MRC @entity67026 randomized phase III trial compared @entity342 -deprivation therapy (ADT) alone versus ADT with radiotherapy (RT) for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 . This article reports the health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes of this trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 1,205 @entity1 were randomly allocated to either ADT alone or ADT with RT. HRQOL was assessed at baseline and every 6 months thereafter using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Core Questionnaire and a @entity263 -specific checklist or the Functional Assessment of @entity5 Therapy-Prostate questionnaire. Mean changes from baseline scores for five function domains and nine symptom domains were analyzed as those most relevant to ADT and RT. The proportions of @entity1 with improved, stable, or worsened HRQOL scores according to instrument-specific minimal important differences were calculated. RESULTS: Baseline questionnaires were completed by 1,028 @entity1 (88%). At 6 months, RT had a statistically significant impact on mean score for bowel symptoms (P = .02), @entity294 (P < .001), urinary function (P = .003), and @entity323 (P = .008); by 3 years, however, there were no significant between-group differences in any domain. Generalized linear mixed modeling revealed no significant between-arm differences in any of the function scales but showed significant deterioration in both arms over time for Functional Assessment of @entity5 Therapy-Prostate total score, treatment outcome index, and physical and functional well-being. CONCLUSION: The addition of RT to ADT for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 significantly improved overall survival and had only modest and transient negative impact on relevant domains of HRQOL.

title: Impact of Radiotherapy When Added to @entity342 -Deprivation Therapy for Locally Advanced @entity263 : Long-Term Quality-of-Life Outcomes From the NCIC CTG PR3/MRC XXXX Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity67026 :: (MESH:C496273,Chemical) :: ['PR07']