abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity583 is an important cause of @entity712 because it cause tissue loss and contractility disturbances. In chronically infarcted hearts the increase in the collagen content in the extracellular matrix of the surviving viable myocardium has been considered a major factor contributing to development of @entity712 . Postinfarction neuroendocrine activation involving the renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in this @entity299 . METHODS AND RESULTS: As collagen synthesis and degradation are dynamic processes and postinfarction remodeling is a time-dependent phenomenon, @entity35 submitted to coronary artery ligation to produce @entity583 were treated with @entity3371 after @entity1188 (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, daily) to investigate whether blockade of the renin-angiotensin system can prevent postinfarction @entity1283 and reactive @entity82 . Groups of @entity35 with @entity583 were treated with @entity3371 throughout the protocol period (6 weeks), or during the first 3 weeks after @entity1188 (early therapy), or only during the last 3 weeks of the protocol (late therapy). Untreated groups of @entity35 with or without @entity583 were used as control subjects. All animals were killed 6 weeks after surgery to evaluate @entity1184 of @entity299 and collagen deposition in the right ventricle wall and in surviving left ventricular muscle. Protein and @entity720 concentrations were assayed biochemically in these tissue homogenates. Only @entity35 with an @entity1188 covering 20 to 40% of the left ventricular surface were included in the study. In the control uninfarcted group (n = 12), @entity720 content was 152 +/- 12 micrograms in the right ventricle and 370 +/- 30 micrograms in the left ventricle. These values increased (P < .05) to 232 +/- 13 and 630 +/- 46 micrograms, respectively, in the group with @entity583 (n = 8) without treatment. These values were significantly reduced (P < .05) to 160 +/- 9 micrograms in the right ventricle and 520 +/- 40 micrograms in the left ventricle in the group with @entity583 treated with @entity3371 for 6 weeks. The percentage decreases in collagen content and myocardial weight produced by @entity3371 were similar. Thus, @entity720 concentration (mg @entity720 muscle), which increases significantly in both ventricles after @entity583 , was not modified by @entity3371 therapy. Protein concentration in the right and left ventricular muscles decreased after @entity583 . This decrease was enhanced in the infarcted groups submitted to @entity3371 treatment, mainly in the group treated for 6 weeks. Lesser effects on @entity1184 and @entity720 content were observed in the groups of @entity35 treated with @entity3371 in only the earlier or later phase of @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that @entity3371 reduces similarly postinfarction @entity1184 and collagen deposition in surviving myocardium. These effects, although less intense, also occur when the drug is used for a short period immediately after @entity583 or when used later, when ventricular remodeling is almost fully developed.

title: Effects of @entity3371 on interstitial collagen in the myocardium after @entity1188 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart chambers', 'cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: This phase 1 study evaluated the safety and tolerability of antiangiogenic therapy using @entity4733 and metronomic @entity786 and @entity1499 in metastatic @entity0 . Eligible @entity1 had metastatic @entity0 with 0-4 prior chemotherapy regimens. All received @entity786 50  mg daily, @entity1499 2.5  mg  days 1-2  weekly, and @entity4733 daily in 3 dose-escalation cohorts: 100  mg (C1), 200  mg (C2), and 300  mg (C3). The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability; secondary endpoints included response rate and evaluation of platelet-associated proteins. Twenty three @entity1 were treated and evaluable for @entity137 . Common mild @entity137 included @entity390 , @entity391 , LFTs @entity1910 . Three episodes of dose-limiting @entity137 occurred in C3. In all cohorts, 1/3 of @entity1 required @entity4733 dose reduction, and 22  % ended therapy for @entity137 . Of the 20 response-evaluable @entity1 , 10  % demonstrated partial response and 15  % stable disease >= 24  weeks. Proteomic analyses demonstrated changes in platelet content of angiogenesis regulators, including vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet factor 4, with exposure to therapy. This regimen was tolerable at a maximum @entity4733 dose of 200  mg; modest clinical activity was observed in this heavily pretreated population. Changes in the platelet proteome may serve as pharmacodynamic markers of angiogenesis inhibition. Metronomic chemotherapy is an attractive partner with biologics and deserves further study in metastatic @entity0 .

title: Combination antiangiogenic therapy in XXXX : a phase 1 trial of @entity4733 , a VEGFR inhibitor, and metronomic chemotherapy, with correlative platelet proteomics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities, fatigue, and rash']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4733 :: ('MESH:C452423', 'Chemical') :: ['vandetanib']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aquatic exercise (AE) is a popular form of physical activity, yet few studies have assessed the individual's energy expenditure (EE) associated with a continuous bout of AE. Studies using indirect calorimetry to measure EE have reported limitations associated with test methodology and the ability to control individual's exercise intensity or tempo. PURPOSE: To evaluate EE and cardiorespiratory (CR) responses during a 40-minute shallow-water AE session in young adult @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-one healthy @entity1 (aged 21.7    3.4 years) completed an orientation practice session and a 40-minute shallow-water AE session using a traditional exercise class format and the SWEAT video-based instructional cuing program. The high-intensity interval format included the following segments: 1) warm-up (3 minutes); 2) CR segment ( 22 minutes); 3) muscular endurance segment (ME; 10 minutes); and 4) cool-down (5 minutes). Subject @entity26 consumption (VO2; mL/kg/min), heart rate (HR) and OMNI overall ratings of perceived exertion (RPE-O) were assessed each minute. Average kcal/ @entity1009 , @entity209 ( @entity209 ; 1 MET = 3.5 mL/kg/min), and total kcals per segment and for the overall session were calculated. RESULTS: The total subject EE throughout the 40-minute trial (including warm-up and cool-down segments) was 264 kcals, with an overall average of 6.3 kcals/min (5.6 @entity209 ).The average kcals/min expended throughout CR segments 2 through 6 was 8.05 (7.1 @entity209 ), with the Hoverjog segment producing the greatest average kcals/min at 8.3 (7.3 @entity209 ). The CR portion (22 min) contributed 65% of the total EE (171 kcals) of the 40-minute AE trial. For the overall AE trial, the highest and average subject VO2 achieved were 33.3 and 19.7 mL/kg/min, respectively. The average highest subject heart rate achieved was 177 beats per minute (bpm), equivalent to 90% of the @entity1 's age-predicted HRmax. CONCLUSION: Energy expenditure during a 40-minute AE session met national recommendations for a daily moderate-to-vigorous bout of physical activity offering a viable alternative to land-based exercise. Because AE serves as a partial-weight bearing modality, future studies are needed to clarify the EE of shallow-water AE in apparently healthy and clinical populations.

title: Energy expenditure, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses to shallow-water aquatic exercise in young adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic equivalents', 'METs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A 28-year-old female @entity1 underwent allogeneic PBSCT from her HLA-identical sister for @entity3052 in first CR. @entity2280 + cells were positively selected from PBPC using immunoaffinity columns. She received 8.0 x 10(6) @entity2280 + cells/kg and 1.74 x 10(6) CD3+ cells/kg body weight (BW). The @entity1 developed acute GVHD III and mild limited chronic GVHD. Thirteen months after transplantation severe @entity2743 requiring plasmapheresis occurred. @entity1374 was confirmed cytologically by lymphocytic infiltration in a fine needle aspirate and by elevated thyroid-Ab-titers. The @entity1 's donor had received thyroid hormone substitution for 10 years for @entity1375 . The most probable cause of @entity1374 after allogeneic BMT is the transfer of antithyroid donor lymphocytes. These lymphocytes can also be transferred with a @entity2280 + selected peripheral stem cell graft. The transplantation of lymphocyte-depleted autologous bone marrow or PBPC grafts after myeloablative treatment is increasingly considered as potential treatment of severe @entity792 . This case demonstrates that even low numbers of lymphocytes are capable of transferring @entity792 .

title: XXXX after transplantation of allogeneic @entity2280 + selected peripheral blood cells.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Immune thyroiditis', 'immune thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['Immune thyroiditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe recruitment to a randomised controlled trial of a 12-week (twice-weekly) supervised exercise programme for @entity1 with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). @entity3657 is a chronic, progressive disease with a significant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk burden, and exercise is an effective primary management approach. METHOD: Potential @entity1 were identified from the Non-Invasive Vascular Laboratory records and invited to participate in the study. On successful completion of an incremental treadmill exercise test, @entity1 were allocated at random to a control (usual care) or an exercise group. RESULTS: Between November 2006 and June 2009, 548 @entity1 were identified. Of the 156 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria, 40 (26%) declined to participate. Of the 71 @entity1 who underwent exercise testing, 23 (32%) did not complete the test. The final enrolment number was 44 (44/156; 28%). Eleven @entity1 (11/28; 39%) subsequently withdrew from the exercise programme. CONCLUSION: Recruitment to clinical trials of exercise presents significant challenges in the @entity3657 population due to the presence of co-existing @entity65 , a reluctance to exercise due to @entity158 , and an acceptance of reduced mobility as part of ageing. Early identification in primary care before the onset of significant comorbidity may ameliorate some of these issues.

title: Recruitment to clinical trials of exercise: challenges in the XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of selective cholinergic replacement with @entity15245 , an m1 and m4 selective muscarinic receptor (mAChR) agonist in @entity1 with probable @entity195 ( @entity195 ). DESIGN: A 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial followed by a 1-month, single-blind, placebo washout. SETTING: Outpatients at 17 centers in the United States and Canada. @entity1 : A total of 343 @entity1 and @entity1 at least 60 years of age with mild to moderate @entity195 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received 75, 150, or 225 mg (low, medium, and high doses) of xanomeline per day or placebo for 6 months. OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores on the cognitive subscale of the @entity195 Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), the Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change (CIBIC+), the @entity195 Symptomatology Scale (ADSS), and the Nurses' Observational Scale for Geriatric @entity1 (NOSGER). RESULTS: A significant treatment effect existed for ADAS-Cog (high dose vs placebo; P < or = .05), and CIBIC+ (high dose vs placebo; P < or = .02). Treatment Emergent Signs and Symptoms analysis of the ADSS, which assesses behavioral symptoms in @entity1 with @entity195 , disclosed significant (P < or = .002) dose-dependent @entity353 , suspiciousness, @entity8143 , @entity2146 , and @entity1833 . On end-point analysis, NOSGER, which assesses memory, instrumental activities of daily living, self-care, mood, social behavior, and disturbing behavior in the elderly, also showed a significant dose-response relationship (P < or = .02). In the high-dose arm, 52% of @entity1 discontinued treatment because of adverse events; dose-dependent adverse events were predominantly gastrointestinal in nature. @entity1163 , defined as @entity909 and muscle tone, occurred in 12.6% of @entity1 in the high-dose group. CONCLUSIONS: The observed improvements in ADAS-Cog and CIBIC+ following treatment with xanomeline provide the first evidence, from a large-scale, placebo-controlled clinical trial, that a direct-acting muscarinic receptor agonist can improve cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity195 . Furthermore, the dramatic and favorable effects on disturbing behaviors in @entity195 suggest a novel approach for treatment of noncognitive symptoms.

title: Effects of @entity15245 , a selective muscarinic receptor agonist, on cognitive function and behavioral symptoms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in vocal outbursts']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's Disease", 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusions']

entities_list: @entity15245 :: ('MESH:C075257', 'Chemical') :: ['xanomeline tartrate']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 are proposed to have immunomodulatory activities affecting health outcomes either detrimentally or beneficially. We evaluated the effects of @entity3753 treatment, every three months for 21 months, on @entity24873 , @entity5895 and @entity566 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: A household-based cluster-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in an area in Indonesia endemic for @entity24873 . Using computer-aided block randomization, 481 households (2022 subjects) and 473 households (1982 subjects) were assigned to receive placebo and @entity3753 , respectively, every three months. The treatment code was concealed from trial investigators and @entity1 . @entity5895 and @entity311 -like symptoms were assessed in @entity1 older than four years of age while skin prick test (SPT) to allergens as well as reported symptoms of @entity566 in @entity1 aged 5-15 years. The general impact of treatment on @entity24873 prevalence and body mass index (BMI) was evaluated. Primary outcomes were prevalence of @entity5895 and SPT to any allergen. Analysis was by intention to treat. At 9 and 21 months post-treatment 80.8% and 80.1% of the study subjects were retained, respectively. The intensive treatment regiment resulted in a reduction in the prevalence of @entity24873 by 48% in @entity3753 and 9% in placebo group. @entity3753 treatment led to a transient @entity5895 at 6 months post treatment (OR 4.16(1.35-12.80)) and no statistically significant increase in SPT reactivity (OR 1.18(0.74-1.86) at 9 months or 1.37 (0.93-2.01) 21 months). No effect of anthelminthic treatment was found on BMI, reported @entity311 -like- and @entity566 symptoms. No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that intensive community treatment of 3 monthly @entity3753 administration for 21 months over two years leads to a reduction in @entity24873 . This degree of reduction appears safe without any increased risk of @entity311 or @entity566 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN83830814.

title: The effect of three-monthly XXXX treatment on @entity5895 and @entity566 : a household-based cluster-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole', 'Albendazole']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Helminth infections']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['increase in malarial parasitemia', 'Malarial parasitemia', 'malarial parasitemia']

answer: @entity3753 :: (MESH:D015766,Chemical) :: ['albendazole']


abstract: Publications (up to the year 1997) on the interactions of "prostatic" kallikreins (prostatic specific antigen-PSA, etc.), sex hormones, insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and proteins binding them (IGFBP) in physiological processes (ageing, menstrual cycle, pregnancy) and oncogenesis (prostatic and mammary @entity5 ) are reviewed. The concentrations of PSA, IGF, and IGFBP in organs and liquid media of @entity1 and @entity1 are presented. A concept of similarity in the mechanisms of interactions of sex hormones ( @entity586 in @entity1 and @entity1420 in @entity1 ), PSA, IGFBP, and IGF during activation of anabolic and proliferative processes in health and @entity105 is presented as a scheme. The diagnostic and prognostic value of PSA as a @entity5 marker should not be confined to male @entity5 ( @entity263 and @entity1067 ). Our data permits us to regard PSA as an oncofetal marker for @entity1 and @entity1 , indicating normal and neoplastic proliferative processes in the prostatic, mammary, salivary, and other glands and in the lungs and endometrium. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of PSA in @entity0 is shown. The traditional name "PSA" does not reflect its physiological and pathogenetic role as a member of the kallikrein family with chymotrypsin-like activity. PSA is not absolutely specific towards the producer organ and sex. Its relative specificity for the prostate is undoubted, because the content of PSA in prostatic tissue and seminal plasma is 10(6)-10(8) times higher than in the serum and other organs of @entity1 and @entity1 . Therefore, although the terms "prostatic, "specific", and "antigen" now became trivial and it is difficult to refuse from them, they can be used only in quotation marks.

title: ["Prostatic" kallikreins, sex hormones and insulin-like growth factors: complex of male and female regulatory elements in health and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: A total of 117 isolates representing four @entity8211 species and 20 isolates representing two @entity797 species from @entity291 mammary secretions were examined for resistance to @entity3639 , @entity7913 , and @entity801 . Resistance to @entity3639 (85.4%) was most prevalent, followed by @entity7913 (19%) and @entity801 (2.2%). Minimum inhibitory concentration of @entity3639 for most organisms examined ranged from 16 to 250 micrograms/ml. For @entity7913 , the minimum inhibitory concentration for most organisms was .5 to 62.5 micrograms/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentration for @entity801 was lower than for @entity7913 . Two strains each of @entity8211 and @entity797 had minimum inhibitory concentration for @entity3639 of greater than 2000 micrograms/ml, and two strains of @entity797 had similar minimum inhibitory concentration for @entity7913 . The minimum bactericidal concentration for all organisms was one to four times higher than minimum inhibitory concentration. None of the organisms evaluated was found to carry plasmids. Transfer of antibiotic resistance in plasmid-free strains was not achieved by mobilization with the aid of plasmid pAD1, indicating the absence of conjugative transposons. These data suggest that expression of @entity4028 resistance of @entity8211 and @entity797 species of @entity291 origin is likely due to factors other than plasmids or conjugative transposons.

title: @entity4028 -resistant XXXX and @entity797 species isolated from @entity291 mammary secretions.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis', 'Enterococcus']

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis', 'Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity8211 :: (1349,Species) :: ['Streptococcus']


abstract: @entity2806 could be observed as acute metabolic crisis, when @entity26 and @entity413 supply is compromised and synthesis of energy is insufficient. Apart from the excitotoxicity, increased production of reactive @entity26 species with consequent lipid peroxidation is also included in @entity528 . Furthermore, these toxic compounds could also be produced during the process of secondary inflammation of @entity63 tissue. In the early stage of @entity63 , as a systemic response to acute stress, there is an increase in @entity413 level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood. According to the metabolic crisis and @entity520 in @entity63 brain tissue we investigated index of lipid peroxidation (ILP) and @entity413 utilization (IGU) in CSF of 53 @entity1 of both sexes, aged 55-70 years with @entity385 . Control group comprised 15 @entity1 with sudden onset of @entity51 subjected to diagnostic lumbar radiculography and suspected on discal genesis. ILP in CSF, as the indicator and sequela of neuronal cell membranes damage, was two fold increased in the acute period of @entity385 and maximal values (3.5 times) were noticed 24 hours after the @entity63 episode compared to controls. Besides the increase in @entity413 concentration in peripheral blood and CSF of @entity1 with @entity385 , IGU was decreased (37%) with minimal values (32%) 24 hours after the @entity63 . These changes indicate that @entity413 is available but cells are incapable to metabolize it. We concluded that ILP and IGU in CSF of @entity1 with @entity385 could be indicators of @entity209 and @entity528 . Also, these results suggest the significance of polyvalent therapy including antioxidative and antiinflammatory agents in acute phase of @entity2806 .

title: Index of lipid peroxidation and @entity413 utilization in the cerebrospinal fluid in XXXX with @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'Cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal cell damage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the periodontal inflammatory infiltrates in @entity1 with @entity299 , some of these @entity1 were treated with @entity460 antagonists ( @entity594 and @entity3988 ) and some were not, to compare them with a healthy control group, and to evaluate the changes in the inflammatory infiltrate after periodontal treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A "healthy group" (HG, n=12), a "cardiac group" (CG, n=12) without treatment with @entity460 antagonists, a " @entity594 group" (NG, n=18) and a " @entity3988 group" (DG, n=13) were analysed. Biopsies were taken from a zone 2-3 mm below the upper part of the interproximal papillae 12-13 and 33-32 before causal periodontal treatment and after 1 year. Using @entity6175 - @entity1711 staining, the plasma cells (P), lymphocytes (L), histiocytes (H) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) were counted. T and B lymphocytes were evaluated using the monoclonal antibodies anti- @entity2225 and anti-CD45RO. Statistical tests used: chi2 for study of the sample composition; ANOVA for comparison between groups; Student t-test and Wilcoxon test for comparison between visits; post-hoc test Bonferroni. RESULTS: When the cells were compared statistically, differences were established for L at the first visit (p<0.00001) and at the last visit (p<0.02), for the B lymphocytes (first visit p<0.0021, last visit p<0.022) and for the T lymphocytes (first visit p<0.0042, last visit p<0.0021). Between the 2 visits, HG showed significant reductions for P (p<0.01), L (p<0.045) and H (p<0.033); and the NG for L (p<0.0001). Lymphocytes showed differences in the NG with respect to the B lymphocytes (p<0.008). CONCLUSIONS: @entity594 affects the inflammatory infiltrate with a greater number of lymphocytes (especially B) and these cells fell significantly in number after periodontal treatment.

title: The gingival inflammatory infiltrate in cardiac @entity1 treated with XXXX antagonists.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines photosensitizer drug, @entity26 , and laser light to kill @entity5 cells on surfaces. This is the initial report of our phase II trial, designed to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical debulking and PDT in @entity189 and sarcomatosis. METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 were enrolled between April 1997 and January 2000. @entity1 were given @entity17654 (2.5 mg/kg) intravenously 2 days before @entity5 -debulking surgery. Laser light was delivered to all peritoneal surfaces. @entity1 were followed with CT scans and laparoscopy to evaluate responses to treatment. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were adequately debulked at surgery; these comprise the treatment group. There were 14 @entity5 , 12 @entity43 and 15 @entity242 . Actuarial median survival was 21 months. Median time to recurrence was 3 months (range, 1-21 months). The most common serious @entity137 were @entity417 (38%), liver function test (LFT) abnormalities (26%), and @entity344 (19%), and one @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17654 PDT for @entity189 has been successfully administered to 42 @entity1 , with acceptable @entity137 . The median survival of 21 months exceeds our expectations; however, the relative contribution of surgical resection versus PDT is unknown. Deficiencies in photosensitizer delivery, tissue oxygenation, or laser light distribution leading to recurrences may be addressed through the future use of new photosensitizers.

title: Phase II trial of debulking surgery and photodynamic therapy for disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'GI malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicities']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intraperitoneal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors ascertain the association between the short-term natural history of untreated @entity1103 and the vitreomacular relationship. METHODS: The authors prospectively studied 82 type II @entity6 @entity1 with clinically significant macular @entity4 over a six-month period. They used multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the effect of ten variables on the short-term natural history of macular @entity4 6 months after diagnosis: age; gender; @entity6 duration at diagnosis of macular @entity4 ; hemoglobin A1; insulin use; presence of @entity644 ; presence of systemic @entity101 , @entity299 , or both; degree of @entity6 ; history of panretinal photocoagulation; and vitreomacular relationships, as determined by present lens biomicroscopy. RESULTS: At study entry, 22 (27%) eyes had vitreomacular separation and 60 (73%) eyes did not. @entity1103 spontaneously resolved in 27 (33%) eyes 6 months after diagnosis. Of the 22 eyes with vitreomacular separation at study entry, 12 (55%) had spontaneous resolution of macular @entity4 after 6 months, whereas only 15 of 60 (25%) of the eyes with @entity1104 at study entry had spontaneous resolution (P = 0.01). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that vitreomacular separation (P = 0.01) and @entity6 duration (P = 0.03) contribute to resolution of macular @entity4 . Of the 27 eyes with resolved macular @entity4 , 17 (63%) had improved visual acuity of more than two lines, whereas no eyes had improved visual acuity if macular @entity4 persisted. The prevalence of improved visual acuity of more than two lines was significantly higher in eyes with vitreomacular separation at study entry (36%, 8/22) than in eyes without (15%, 9/60; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that vitreomacular separation may promote the spontaneous resolution of @entity1103 and consequently improve visual acuity.

title: Association between the short-term natural history of XXXX and the vitreomacular relationship in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['Macular edema', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['vitreomacular adhesion']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: Clinical practice guidelines specific to the medical care of frail older adults have yet to be widely disseminated. Because of the complex conditions associated with frailty, guidelines for frail older @entity1 should be based on careful consideration of the characteristics of this population, balanced against the benefits and harms associated with treatment. In response to this need, the @entity6 Care Program of Nova Scotia (DCPNS) collaborated with the Palliative and Therapeutic Harmonization (PATH) program to develop and disseminate guidelines for the treatment of frail older adults with type 2 @entity6 . The DCPNS/PATH guidelines are unique in that they recommend the following: 1. Maintain HbA1c at or above 8% rather than below a specific level, in keeping with the conclusion that lower HbA1c levels are associated with increased hypoglycemic events without accruing meaningful benefit for frail older adults with type 2 @entity6 . The guideline supports a wide range of acceptable HbA1c targets so that treatment decisions can focus on whether to aim for HbA1c levels between 8% and 9% or within a higher range (ie, >9% and <12%) based on individual circumstances and symptoms. 2. Simplify treatment by administering basal insulin alone and avoiding administration of regular and rapid-acting insulin when feasible. This recommendation takes into account the variations in oral intake that are commonly associated with frailty. 3. Use neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin instead of long-acting insulin analogues, such as insulin glargine (Lantus) or insulin detemir (Levemir), as insulin analogues do not appear to provide clinically meaningful benefit but are significantly more costly. 4. With acceptance of more liberalized blood @entity413 targets, there is no need for routine blood @entity413 testing when oral hypoglycemic medications or well-established doses of basal insulin (used alone) are not routinely changed as a result of blood @entity413 testing.Although these recommendations may appear radical, they are based on careful review of research findings.

title: Evidence-informed guidelines for treating frail older adults with type 2 @entity6 : from the XXXX Care Program of Nova Scotia (DCPNS) and the Palliative and Therapeutic Harmonization (PATH) program.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Acute @entity1580 is a catastrophic episode that usually presents as a sudden, @entity158 , ripping sensation in the chest or back. Physical findings may include @entity393 and @entity337 . It is associated with neurologic sequelae in as many as one third of @entity1 . Painless dissection occurs in 5% of @entity1 . We report a case of painless @entity1580 , presenting as acute @entity451 . The @entity1 was a 77-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity451 , with no @entity662 . On examination, strength was 5/5 in both upper extremities and 0/5 in both lower extremities. Deep tendon reflexes were absent in her legs. She had no voluntary anal contraction. Sensation was absent from T6 through S5. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a type A dissecting @entity439 . The vascular supply to the spinal cord and the differential diagnosis for new onset @entity451 are discussed.

title: Painless XXXX presenting as high @entity451 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest or back pain']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of pulses']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: [corrected] Selected structural and functional neuroimaging correlates of @entity1155 were examined [corrected] in older @entity1 with @entity308 . Clinical, neuropsychological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) data were obtained for 32 @entity1 with @entity308 (mean age=55.5) and 17 controls (mean age = 55.4). Psychomotor slowing was measured by simple (SRT) and choice (CRT) reaction times. @entity62 ( @entity62 ) were visually rated and caudate nucleus regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ) was obtained through the co-registration of MRI and SPECT data. Two SPECT scans were performed (corresponding to the SRT and CRT tasks) and a percentage change score in @entity13279 (% @entity13279 ) due to the increasing complexity of the second task was calculated. @entity1 with @entity308 and controls did not differ with respect to % @entity13279 or frequency of @entity62 . In @entity1 with @entity308 , reduced % @entity13279 was associated with slower CRT. For all subjects, @entity62 predicted 14% of the variance in % @entity13279 . Although CRT was predicted by a combination of older age, @entity62 and % @entity13279 , the diagnosis of @entity308 still predicted a further 25% of the variance. Reduced % @entity13279 is associated with demonstrable @entity1155 and presence of @entity62 . While @entity1155 is determined in part by subcortical changes, other cortical and illness-dependent factors are likely to be relevant.

title: Psychomotor slowing in older @entity1 with major @entity308 : Relationships with blood flow in the caudate nucleus and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor slowing']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White matter lesions', 'WMLs']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white matter lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no satisfactory medical therapy for @entity1 with @entity991 . @entity10055 ( @entity10055 ) benefits @entity1 with @entity2835 , another @entity409 . METHODS: From May 1989 to July 1995, we enrolled 105 @entity1 with well-documented @entity991 in a randomized, double-blind study comparing @entity10055 (13 to 15 mg per kilogram of body weight per day in divided doses) with placebo. The primary outcome was the time to treatment failure, defined as death; liver transplantation; histologic progression by two stages (of four) or progression to @entity82 ; the development of varices, @entity843 , or @entity75 ; sustained quadrupling of the serum @entity648 concentration; marked worsening of @entity1295 or @entity111 ; inability to tolerate the drug; or voluntary withdrawal from the study. RESULTS: We analyzed data on the 51 @entity1 in each group with at least 3 months of follow-up; the median follow-up was 2.2 years. There was no significant difference between the groups in time to treatment failure (relative risk of treatment failure in the @entity10055 group, 1.01; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.6 to 1.7). During the first two years of follow-up, treatment was unsuccessful in 17 of 32 @entity1 (53 percent) in the placebo group and 16 of 31 (52 percent) in the @entity10055 group. There were also no differences in time to treatment failure for @entity1 with early-stage disease or in time to liver transplantation. @entity10055 , but not placebo, was associated with improvement in serum alkaline phosphatase, @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity648 , and albumin levels at one and two years. CONCLUSIONS: In a group of @entity1 with well-defined @entity991 , @entity10055 provided no clinical benefit.

title: XXXX for @entity991 . Mayo @entity991 -Ursodeoxycholic Acid Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodiol', 'Ursodiol', 'ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity10055 :: (MESH:D014580,Chemical) :: ['Ursodiol']


abstract: @entity1363 is the first water-soluble @entity1245 . As with other @entity1245 it has amnestic, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties. @entity1363 is about two to four times more potent than @entity3175 . @entity1363 has been extensively used for a variety of outpatient procedures, but there has been no documentation of its safety in emergency department @entity1 . The authors retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 receiving @entity1363 during a 2-year period at the University of Cincinnati Center for Emergency Care. The study population consisted of 389 @entity1 ( @entity1 56%; @entity1 44%) with an average age of 33.3 years. @entity1363 was used intravenously for sedation before a wide variety of @entity158 procedures and for agitation control. The average dose was 3.86 mg, with a range of 0.5 mg to 20.0 mg. The majority of @entity1 (79.2%) received narcotics or sedative/hypnotic agents in addition to @entity1363 . There was an overall complication rate of 1.0%. Two @entity1 (0.5%) developed clinically significant @entity1576 after @entity1363 use. Both @entity1 had also received @entity3575 and the @entity1576 was reversed with @entity1510 . Two @entity1 (0.5%) receiving several other drugs developed short periods of @entity551 . There were no apparent long term sequelae. The authors conclude that @entity1363 can be safely used in the emergency department setting. Careful dosing and titration to the desired clinical effects is mandatory. @entity1 should be closely monitored to maximize safety.

title: XXXX use in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl citrate']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['Midazolam']


abstract: Dephosphorylation by the @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin has been suggested as an important mechanism of @entity141 -dependent inactivation of voltage-gated @entity141 channels. We have tested whether calcineurin plays a role in the inactivation process of two types of high-voltage-activated @entity141 channels (L and N type) widely expressed in the central nervous system, using the immunosuppressive drug @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ), which inhibits calcineurin after binding to intracellular @entity1140 binding proteins. Inactivation of L- and N-type @entity141 channels was studied in a @entity35 @entity977 cell line (GH3) and @entity1573 dorsal root ganglion neurons, respectively. With the use of antisera directed against the calcineurin subunit B and the 12,000 mol. wt binding protein, we show that both proteins are present in the cytoplasm of GH3 cells and @entity1573 dorsal root ganglion neurons. Ionic currents through voltage-gated @entity141 channels were investigated in the perforated-patch and whole-cell configurations of the patch-clamp technique. The inactivation of L- as well as N-type @entity141 currents could be well fitted with a bi-exponential function. Inactivation was largely reduced when @entity8594 substituted for extracellular @entity141 or when the @entity141 chelator @entity4527 was present intracellularly, indicating that both types of @entity141 currents exhibited @entity141 -dependent inactivation. Extracellular (perforated-patch configuration) or intracellular (whole-cell configuration) application of @entity1140 to inactivate @entity14855 had no effect on the amplitude and time-course of @entity141 channel current inactivation of either L- or N-type @entity141 channels. In addition, we found that recovery from inactivation and rundown of N-type @entity141 channel currents were not affected by @entity1140 . Our results provide direct evidence that the @entity460 -dependent enzyme calcineurin is not involved in the inactivation process of the two @entity141 channel types which are important for neuronal functioning, such as gene expression and transmitter release.

title: XXXX -dependent inactivation of neuronal @entity460 channel currents is independent of calcineurin.

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of graft treatment with specific endothelin receptor antagonists (ET(A) and @entity10932 ) on the microhemodynamic disturbances which occur following @entity63 /reperfusion injury during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: OLT was performed in male @entity35 . An ET(A) receptor antagonist (BQ-610; 0.3 mg/kg) or @entity10932 receptor antagonist IRL-1038 (20 nmol/kg) was administered intraportally into liver grafts in vitro at the beginning of 2- and 6-h cold storage (4 degrees C) using physiological saline. Sham-operated animals served as controls (Cont). Seven groups were studied: Cont; vehicle-2 h (saline treated); @entity10932 antagonist-2 h; ET(A) antagonist-2 h; vehicle-6 h; ET(A) antagonist-6 h; and @entity10932 antagonist-6 h. At 1 h after graft implantation, the liver microcirculation was investigated by intravital fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: In vehicle-treated livers, the hepatic microcirculation was markedly impaired compared with the Cont as manifested by a reduced lobular perfusion index, increased incidence of sinusoidal nonperfusion, elevated leukocyte adhesion in sinusoids and terminal hepatic venules, and increased hepatic venous resistance (23-fold; 6-h group). In addition, plasma liver enzymes were significantly elevated in the vehicle treated groups. Alterations to all these parameters were markedly reduced in the ET(A) receptor antagonist-treated liver grafts although there was still evidence of @entity99 . The @entity10932 receptor antagonist had little effect on the I/R-induced changes to the hepatic microcirculation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the ET(A) antagonism ameliorates hypothermic I/R-related microhemodynamic disturbances during OLT in the @entity35 , suggesting that application of an ET(A) antagonist to liver grafts may have therapeutic potential in @entity1 liver transplantation.

title: Endothelin receptor A blockade ameliorates hypothermic @entity63 -reperfusion-related microhemodynamic disturbances during liver transplantation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The development of monoclonal antibodies directed against prostatic kallikrein @entity14958 prompted us to evaluate its content, along with that of @entity16914 ( @entity1486 ), in @entity1 @entity263 . @entity5 categorized according to the M.D. Anderson Hospital classification (grade I to IV) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The staining intensity or the @entity7199 content of @entity1067 glandular tissue (used as control) and of grade I @entity5 appeared similar. In grade II to IV @entity5 , histochemical data revealed highly variable @entity14958 or @entity16914 content in approximately 25% of @entity5 . Such patterns are consistent with a current observation related to heterogeneity of @entity263 . In addition, a few @entity5 did not express @entity16914 (n = 3), @entity14958 (n = 3), or both (n = 3), indicating that some growth patterns of prostatic @entity5 are associated with a lack of secretion or storage of @entity16914 or @entity14958 for immunodetection. This statement also appears relevant to @entity3 . It was interesting to note that 4% of @entity16914 -negative @entity5 had detectable @entity14958 . Because of the importance of @entity16914 as a serum marker of @entity4623 , this study addresses for the first time the question of the relative importance of both @entity16914 and @entity14958 in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of @entity263 . We conclude that @entity14958 may add new information to @entity263 diagnosis and characterization.

title: Immunohistochemical study suggesting a complementary role of kallikreins @entity14958 and @entity16914 ( XXXX ) in the functional analysis of @entity1 @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic tumors', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Seventy tumors', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostate disorder']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Following the nonoperative management of @entity697 , guidelines recommend routine follow-up colonoscopy; however, evidence to support this recommendation are lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the diagnostic yield of endoscopy for clinically significant @entity5 following the successful nonoperative management of @entity697 . DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review. SETTING: This study was conducted in a large urban health region. @entity1 : Adult @entity1 who were admitted with a diagnosis of @entity697 confirmed by CT and who were successfully managed nonoperatively to hospital discharge were included. @entity1 who underwent colonoscopy within 2 years of presentation were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome measured was the incidence of clinically significant @entity5 (invasive @entity5 or advanced @entity652 ) on follow-up endoscopy within 1 year of admission. RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-eight @entity1 were selected for analysis, of which 249 @entity1 (54%) underwent endoscopy within 1 year of admission. Seventy-seven (30.9%) @entity1 were found to have @entity1127 , 19 (7.6%) @entity1 had advanced @entity652 , and 4 (1.6%) @entity1 had an invasive @entity5 ; 23 @entity1 (9.2%) were found to have clinically significant @entity5 . On subgroup analysis, @entity1 presenting with complicated @entity4436 (n = 74) had a significantly higher incidence of advanced @entity652 (18.9% vs 5%, p = 0.001) and invasive @entity5 (5.4% vs 0%, p = 0.007) in comparison with @entity1 who presented with uncomplicated @entity4436 (n = 175). On multivariate analysis, @entity1 age (OR 1.04 (1.01-1.08), p = 0.02) and the presence of abscess (OR 4.15 (1.68-10.3), p = 0.002) were identified as significant risk factors for clinically significant @entity5 . LIMITATIONS: The use of retrospective data was a limitation of this study; 54% of selected @entity1 underwent endoscopic follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of clinically significant @entity5 on endoscopic follow-up after the nonoperative management of @entity697 is 9.2%. Those with complicated @entity4436 are at higher risk, whereas the incidence of clinically significant @entity5 in those with uncomplicated @entity4436 is equal to the incidence in average-risk individuals. Routine diagnostic colonoscopy following the nonoperative management of acute uncomplicated @entity4436 may not be warranted.

title: Colonoscopy following nonoperative management of uncomplicated XXXX may not be warranted.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: The regulation by @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) of cytosolic free @entity460 ion concentrations ([ @entity141 ]i) was investigated in single immature @entity35 (testicular) Sertoli cells. [ @entity141 ]i was estimated in individual gonadal cells by digital imaging videomicroscopy using the @entity460 indicator dye @entity593 /AM. Two concentration-dependent types of @entity1827 -induced [ @entity141 ]i signals were observed. Responses to high @entity1827 concentrations (1.0-1000 nM) were characterized by a biphasic, rapid, and transient [ @entity141 ]i rise (spike) within 10 sec, followed by an exponential decrease toward a new steady state level (plateau phase) in 98% of responsive cells. At low concentrations of @entity1827 (0.001 or 0.1 nM), the [ @entity141 ]i increase was slower, reaching peak values 40-100 sec after stimulation and remaining elevated for 2-3 min of observation. There was cell-cell heterogeneity in the amplitude and kinetics of the [ @entity141 ]i response to the same concentration of @entity1827 . However, there was a significant @entity1827 concentration-dependent increase in the total percentage of cells responding to @entity1827 . Removal of extracellular @entity141 or use of @entity141 channel blockers ( @entity1855 or @entity1953 ) did not affect the @entity1827 -induced [ @entity141 ]i spike phase, but abolished the plateau phase, suggesting that @entity1827 induces the mobilization of @entity141 from internal stores, followed by @entity460 influx from extracellular sources. In cell population experiments, @entity1827 attenuated FSH-stimulated @entity268 and @entity53 accumulation by Sertoli cells. These inhibitory effects were mimicked by @entity1359 , an activator of protein kinase-C, suggesting that @entity1827 action on Sertoli cells might be linked to the protein kinase-C pathway. In conclusion, the present investigations demonstrate that @entity1827 activates an intracellular signaling pathway involving [ @entity141 ]i in single @entity35 Sertoli cells. The sources of the biphasic [ @entity141 ]i response include mobilization of @entity141 from internal stores, followed by @entity141 influx via @entity1855 - and @entity1953 -sensitive @entity141 channels. Increasing @entity1827 concentrations recruit an increasing number of individual Sertoli cells responding with a spike-plateau [ @entity141 ]i signal, thus offering a mechanism at the single cell level for the ET dose-response curve.

title: Mechanisms by which XXXX stimulates increased cytosolic free @entity460 ion concentrations in single @entity35 Sertoli cells.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1827 :: (24323(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']


abstract: There is evidence that Hispanic @entity1 are a high risk group for treatment delay for both @entity299 and @entity64 . More targeted research is needed to elucidate this specific population's knowledge of warning signs for these acute events. This study sought to describe within-group disparities in Hispanic @entity1 's knowledge of @entity299 and @entity64 symptomology. Multivariate techniques were used to analyze a multi-year Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Heart and @entity64 module database. The data were cross-sectional and focused on health risk factors and behaviors. The research @entity1 were U.S. male Hispanic adults aged 18-99. The main outcome measure for the study was @entity299 and @entity64 symptom knowledge score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded that Hispanic @entity1 aged >or=18 years who earned low scores on the composite @entity299 and @entity64 knowledge questions (range 0-8 points) were more likely to: have less than a high school education, have deferred medical care because of cost, not have an identified health care provider, and be uninsured. There were significant within-group differences. Targeting educational efforts toward older (>or=55 years) Hispanic @entity1 with less than high school education, those who do not have an identified health care provider or health insurance, and who defer health care because of cost could be ways to improve the outcome of acute vascular events among the U.S. Hispanic adult male population.

title: Awareness of @entity299 and XXXX symptoms among Hispanic male adults living in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: 1. Effects of @entity44792 and @entity44792 (an epimer of @entity44792 ) on lipid metabolism, in particular @entity165 metabolism, were examined in normocholesterolaemic and @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP). 2. In normocholesterolaemic SHRSP fed a regular diet, both @entity44792 and @entity44792 significantly increased the concentration of serum total @entity165 , which was due to an increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction rich in @entity12217 ( @entity12217 ). In addition, both substances effectively decreased serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). In the liver, only @entity44792 significantly decreased the activity of microsomal @entity8595 : @entity165 acyltransferase. 3. In hypercholesterolaemic SHRSP fed a high-fat and high- @entity165 diet (HFC diet), only @entity44792 improved serum lipoprotein metabolism with an increase in @entity8150 and a decrease in @entity8151 . In the liver, both @entity44792 and @entity44792 significantly suppressed @entity165 accumulation. Interestingly, only @entity44792 significantly increased the activity of microsomal @entity165 7alpha-hydroxylase. 4. These results indicate that @entity44792 may be effective in preventing @entity165 accumulation in the liver. In comparison with @entity44792 , @entity44792 may be effective in the regulation of @entity165 metabolism in the serum and liver.

title: Sesame lignans modulate @entity165 metabolism in the @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity44792 :: ('MESH:C054125', 'Chemical') :: ['sesamin', 'episesamin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the incidence and severity of @entity158 intensity in @entity1 4 years of age and older presenting to the noncritical ward of the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). All @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 of two university hospitals (one general, one pediatric) who were triaged to the noncritical ward during 12 h/day for 1 week were asked to report their @entity158 intensity on admission and again asked just prior to discharge home. The chromatic analogue scale with a range of 0-10 was used as the measure of @entity158 intensity. @entity158 reports were obtained from half of all @entity1 (58% of adults, 47% of @entity1 ) admitted during the study week. Approximately one-third (29% of adults and 31% of @entity1 ) reported no @entity158 on admission, but half of both age groups (52% of adults, 48% of @entity1 ) reported @entity158 4/10 or higher. On discharge, one-third of both groups reported @entity158 4/10 or higher. Eleven percent of both adults and @entity1 reported @entity158 1.5/10 or higher on discharge than on admission. Adult @entity1 with musculoskeletal complaints had the highest @entity158 intensities (mean score admission-discharge, 5.6-4.7/10; other categories, <5). For @entity1 , neurological complaints, @entity10 , were highest (mean score admission-discharge, 4.8-5.2/10; other categories, <5). @entity1 accompanied by their mothers alone had poorer @entity158 improvement (no change) than @entity1 accompanied by their fathers alone or both parents (score improvement of 1). It thus appears that @entity158 is a problem for the majority of @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 . An important percentage of @entity1 leave the @entity341 with more @entity158 than when they arrived. Further investigation is warranted to determine factors predicting poor @entity158 resolution during an @entity341 visit.

title: One-week survey of XXXX intensity on admission to and discharge from the @entity341 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['exclusively headaches']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the possible association between @entity8027 mutations and early-onset @entity302 (EOEEs). METHODS: We recruited a total of 328 @entity1 with EOEE, including 67 @entity1 with @entity17042 ( @entity17042 ) and 150 with @entity739 . @entity8027 mutations were examined using high resolution melt analysis or whole exome sequencing. RESULTS: We found 14 novel @entity8027 missense mutations in 15 @entity1 : 9 of 67 @entity17042 cases (13.4%), 1 of 150 @entity739 cases (0.67%), and 5 of 111 with unclassified EOEEs (4.5%). Twelve of the 14 mutations were confirmed as de novo, and all mutations were absent in 212 control exomes. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity51866 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 18% was detected in one @entity1 . One mutation ( @entity51867 ) was found in transcript variant 3, which is a neonatal isoform. All 9 mutations in @entity1 with @entity17042 were located in linker regions between 2 transmembrane segments. In 7 of the 9 @entity1 with @entity17042 , EEG findings transitioned from suppression-burst pattern to @entity739 . All 15 of the @entity1 with novel @entity8027 missense mutations had intractable @entity410 ; 3 of them were @entity410 -free at the last medical examination. All @entity1 showed severe @entity245 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed that @entity8027 mutations are an important genetic cause of @entity17042 . Given the wide clinical spectrum associated with @entity8027 mutations, genetic testing for @entity8027 should be considered for @entity1 with different @entity302 .

title: Clinical spectrum of XXXX mutations expanding to @entity17042 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['hypsarrhythmia', 'West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity17042 :: ('MESH:C567924', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Ohtahara syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic encephalopathies', 'epileptic conditions']

answer: @entity8027 :: (6326,Gene) :: ['SCN2A']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective investigation of clinical and radiologic outcomes after surgical treatment for 2-level cervical spondylotic @entity602 (CSM). OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to compare the outcomes of 2 different anterior approach types for 2-level CSM. Specifically, 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) was compared with 1-level anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The optimal surgical approach for 2-level CSM has not been defined, and thus, the relative merits of 2-level ACDF and 1-level ACCF remain controversial. However, few comparative studies have been conducted on these 2 surgical approaches. METHODS: The authors reviewed the case histories of 31 @entity1 that underwent surgical treatment for 2-level CSM from 2002 to 2006. Cases of @entity602 because of cervical @entity3057 were excluded. Thirty-one @entity1 (16 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) of mean age 54.45 +/- 11.6 years (28 approximately 77) were included. The average follow-up period was 26.23 +/- 15.0 months (12 approximately 63). The authors compared perioperative parameters (hospital stays, @entity548 amounts, operation times, complications), clinical parameters (Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, Visual Analog Scale scores for neck and arm @entity158 ), and radiologic parameters (total cervical range of motion, segmental range of motion, segmental height, cervical @entity1515 , fusion rate). RESULTS: Of these above parameters, operation time (P = 0.001) and @entity548 amount (P = 0.001) were significantly greater in the ACCF group, whereas segmental height (P = 0.018) and postoperative cervical @entity1515 (P = 0.009) were significantly lower in the ACCF group. However, other parameters were not significantly different in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Surgical managements of 2-level CSM using ACDF or ACCF were found to be similar in terms of clinical outcomes. However, 2-level ACDF was found to be superior to 1-level ACCF in terms of operation times, @entity548 amounts, and radiologic results.

title: Two-level anterior cervical discectomy versus one-level corpectomy in cervical spondylotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful endosseous implant placement requires that the implant be stable in alveolar bone. In certain cases, the implant can be stabilized in native bone but some part of the implant is not covered by bone tissue. This often occurs during placement of implants into extraction sites or in areas where bone resorption has occurred and the ridge width is not sufficient to completely surround the implant. In those cases, the clinician usually employs a procedure to encourage bone formation. These procedures typically include a bone graft and/or membrane therapy. Recent advances have led to the isolation, cloning, and production of recombinant @entity1 proteins that stimulate bone formation. One of these bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMP-2) has been extensively studied in animal models and is currently being tested in @entity1 clinical trials. METHODS: In this study, rhBMP-2 was tested using a collagen sponge carrier to stimulate bone formation in defects in the @entity235 mandible around endosseous dental implants. Six animals had a total of 48 implants placed. rhBMP-2 with the collagen carrier was implanted around 24 of these, the remainder having only the collagen carrier placed. Half the sites were covered with a nonresorbable expanded @entity736 membrane. Histologic analysis was performed after 4 and 12 weeks. The area of new bone formed, percentage of bone-to-implant contact in the defect area, and percentage fill of the defect was calculated. RESULTS: The addition of rhBMP-2 resulted in significantly greater amounts of new bone area and percentage of bone-to-implant contact and with more percentage fill after 4 and 12 weeks of healing. The area of new bone formed was reduced after 4 weeks when a membrane was present but after 12 weeks, there was no significant difference between membrane and non-membrane treated sites. In some specimens, new bone was found coronal to the membranes, with rhBMP-2-treated sites having greater amounts than non-rhBMP-2-treated sites. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that a bone differentiation factor significantly stimulates bone formation in peri-implant bone defects in the @entity235 mandible. In addition, bone-to-implant contact was significantly enhanced along the rough implant surface. Membrane-treated sites had less new bone formation after 4 weeks of healing but were similar to non-membrane sites after 12 weeks. These results demonstrate that rhBMP-2 can be used to stimulate bone growth both around and onto the surface of endosseous dental implants placed in sites with extended peri-implant osseous defects.

title: Recombinant XXXX bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulation of bone formation around endosseous dental implants.

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 60% of @entity64 survivors experience residual deficits of the paretic upper limb/hand. Standard rehabilitation generates modest gains. Stimulation delivered to the surviving Primary Motor Cortex in the @entity64 -affected hemisphere has been considered a promising adjunct. However, recent trials challenge its advantage. We discuss our pilot clinical trial that aims to address factors implicated in divergent success of the approach. We assess safety, feasibility and efficacy of targeting an alternate locus during rehabilitation- the premotor cortex. In anticipating variance across @entity1 , we measure neural markers differentiating response from non-response. METHODS/DESIGN: In a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded pilot clinical study, @entity1 with @entity64 (n = 20) are assigned to receive transcranial direct current stimulation delivered to the premotor cortex or sham during rehabilitation of the paretic arm/hand. @entity1 receive the designated intervention for 30 min, twice a day for 3 days a week for 5 weeks. We assess hand function and @entity1 ' reports of use of paretic hand. A general linear mixed methods model will analyze changes from pre- to post-intervention. Responders and non-responders will be compared upon baseline level of function, and neural substrates, including function and integrity of output tracts, bi-hemispheric balance, and lesion profile. Incidence of adverse events will be compared using Fisher's Exact test, while rigor of blinding will be assessed with Chi-square analysis to ascertain feasibility. DISCUSSION: Variable success of cortical stimulation in rehabilitation can be related to gaps in theoretical basis and clinical investigation. Given that most @entity1 with severe @entity16 to the primary motor cortex or its output pathways, it would be futile to target stimulation to this site. We suggest targeting premotor cortex because it contributes substantially to descending output, a role that is amplified with greater damage to the motor cortex. With regards to clinical investigation, paired cortical stimulation in rehabilitation has been compared to rehabilitation alone in unblinded trials or to unconvincing sham conditions. Transcranial direct current stimulation, a noninvasive technique of brain stimulation, which offers a more effective placebo and has a favorable safety-feasibility profile, may improve scientific rigor. Neural markers of response would help inform @entity1 selection for future clinical trials so we can address limitations of recent negative studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01539096.

title: Effectiveness and neural mechanisms associated with tDCS delivered to premotor cortex in XXXX rehabilitation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['deficits have damage']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary @entity28 treatment programme on fecal microbiota composition and immunoglobulin-coating bacteria in overweight and @entity28 adolescents and their relationship to @entity353 . DESIGN: Longitudinal intervention study based on both a calorie-restricted diet (calorie reduction=10-40%) and increased physical activity (calorie expenditure=15-23 kcal/kg body weight per week) for 10 weeks. @entity1 : Thirty-nine overweight and @entity28 adolescents (BMI mean 33.1 range 23.7-50.4; age mean 14.8 range, 13.0-16.0). MEASUREMENTS: BMI, BMI z-scores and plasma biochemical parameters were measured before and after the intervention. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Immunoglobulin-coating bacteria were detected using fluorescent-labelled F(ab')2 antihuman IgA, IgG and IgM. RESULTS: Reductions in Clostridium histolyticum and @entity22781 -C. coccoides proportions significantly correlated with weight and BMI z-score reductions in the whole adolescent population. Proportions of C. histolyticum, C. lituseburense and @entity22781 -C. coccoides dropped significantly whereas those of the Bacteroides-Prevotella group increased after the intervention in those adolescents who lost more than 4 kg. Total fecal energy was almost significantly reduced in the same group of adolescents but not in the group that lost less than 2.5 kg. IgA-coating bacterial proportions also decreased significantly in @entity1 who lost more than 6 kg after the intervention, paralleled to reductions in C. histolyticum and @entity22781 -C. coccoides populations. @entity22781 -C. coccoides proportions also correlated with @entity353 and BMI z-score reduction in @entity1 whose @entity353 exceeded 4 kg. CONCLUSIONS: Specific gut bacteria and an associated IgA response were related to body weight changes in adolescents under lifestyle intervention. These results suggest interactions between diet, gut microbiota and host metabolism and immunity in @entity28 .

title: Shifts in clostridia, bacteroides and immunoglobulin-coating fecal bacteria associated with XXXX in @entity28 adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: The 120 kDa proliferating-cell nucleolar antigen described by Freeman et al. ( @entity5 Res. 48:1244; 1988) is the most @entity5 specific of the proliferation-associated nucleolar proteins identified thus far. It is localized in a novel nucleolar microfibrillar structure recently described by Ochs et al. ( @entity5 Res. 48:6523; 1988). The @entity535 sequence has been determined by a combination of cDNA and genomic DNA sequences. This molecule contains, consecutively, four major domains: a basic domain, an acidic domain, a hydrophobic and @entity1853 -rich domain, and a domain rich in @entity462 and @entity1521 residues. The isolated cDNA was shown to code for the HeLa @entity24569 protein as shown by a similarity in immunoreactivity, mobility on @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, and patterns of partial digestion of the @entity526 -expressed @entity24569 and the HeLa nucleolar @entity24569 protein. This protein is of special interest because it is expressed in early G1 and, in studies to date, it has not been detected in @entity5 and most normal resting tissues.

title: Cloning of the cDNA and sequence of the human proliferating-cell nucleolar protein XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'benign tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity24569 :: (4839,Gene) :: ['P120']


abstract: The spinal cords of newborn and weanling @entity35 were hemisected at the mid-thoracic level. Control studies revealed that Fink-Heimer positive debris was absent in the gray matter at three months postoperative. The remaining animals were given a second lesion, a high cervical spinal hemisection, at five to seven months after the original thoracic hemisection. The pattern of @entity75 was compared with similar regions of the spinal cord from animals receiving only a cervical hemisection at the adult stage. In neither experimental group of doubly hemisected @entity35 was there any degeneration observed below the @entity1514 site, even though no glial or connective tissue scar had formed in animals originally operated at birth. Thus no regeneration had occurred. At least one segment above the initial hemisection: 1. the majority of degenerating axons were localized toward the lateral edge of the spinal cord, especially in the doubly lesioned neonatal group; 2. the erae of ipsilateral white matter was reduced more in the neonatal than the weanling operates; 3. there was an upward shift in axonal diameter of ipsilateral fibers in both the region of the rubrospinal tract and the ventrolateral portion of the lateral funiculus of the doubly hemisected @entity35 when compared with the cervically lesioned controls; 4. a significantly greater amount of degeneration was present in lamina VII of Rexed in both the neonatal and weanling experimental operates (p less than 0.05 weanling; p less than 0.001 neonate); 5. no mean difference in area was seen between the ipsilateral and contralateral gray matter in any group for the segments of the spinal cord in which the judgements and measurements were taken. These data suggest that there has been sprouting of axons from descending nerve tracts rostral to the @entity1514 in both the neonatal and weanling experimental groups. The question remains whether the sprouting of descending nerve tracts is from collateral of axons which normally project rostral to the thoracic hemisection and are not cut by the @entity1514 (collateral sprouting) or from collaterals of lesioned axons (regenerative sprouting). Present evidence favors collateral sprouting, expecially in the neonatal operate where much retrograde cell death appears to have taken place.

title: Increases in collateral axonal growth rostral to a thoracic hemisection in neonatal and weanling XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration rostal to the thoracic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lesion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Background and Purpose-We sought to study the range of entry criteria and baseline characteristics in @entity64 trials and to understand their effects on @entity1 outcomes. METHODS: -Randomized, placebo-controlled therapeutic trials in @entity1 with acute @entity385 were identified. Entry criteria, baseline clinical characteristics, and outcome were extracted for the placebo group of each trial. The relationship between key variables was then determined. RESULTS: -Across 90 placebo groups identified, there was great variation in entry criteria and outcome measures. This was associated with divergent outcomes; for example, in some studies most placebo group @entity1 died, while in other studies nearly all had no disability. Entry criteria were significantly correlated with outcome; for example, higher age cutoff for study entry correlated with 3-month mortality. Entry criteria also predicted baseline clinical characteristics; for example, wider time window for study entry correlated directly with time to treatment and inversely with @entity64 severity (initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score). Baseline characteristics predicted outcome. Greater @entity64 severity predicted higher 3-month mortality rate; despite this, successful thrombolytic trials have enrolled more severe @entity64 than most trials. The mean age of enrollees also predicted 3-month mortality and was inversely related to percentage of @entity1 with 3-month Barthel Index score >/=95. The strongest predictors of 3-month mortality were obtained with multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: -Acute @entity64 studies vary widely in entry criteria and outcome measures. Across multiple studies, differences in entry criteria, and the baseline clinical characteristics they predict, influence @entity1 outcomes along a continuum. In some studies, enrolling a specific subset of @entity1 may have improved the chances of identifying a treatment-related effect, while in others, such chances may have been reduced. These findings may be useful in the design of future @entity64 therapeutic trials.

title: Entry criteria and baseline characteristics predict outcome in XXXX trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: Loss of @entity876 and p21WAF1 expression have previously been reported in @entity788 . Despite these findings in several reports of oncogene and @entity5 suppressor gene alterations in @entity788 , the clinical significance of these changes is still poorly understood. In an attempt to detect molecular prognostic markers for @entity3123 , we studied the immunohistochemical expression of @entity876 , p21WAF1, and @entity2533 proteins in 42 pancreatic @entity420 of the ductal type. The results were correlated with clinicopathologic findings to identify the markers with prognostic significance. @entity876 nuclear immunoreactivity was seen in 20 (48%) of the cases, and it was strong to moderate in 14 (33%) of them. p21WAF1 cytoplasmic positivity was found in 16 (38%) of the @entity5 , with 72% staining strong to moderate. @entity2533 stained the cytoplasm of the @entity5 cells in 13 (31%). Of the @entity876 -negative cases, 12 (54%) exhibited p21WAF1 expression. In 3 (30%) of cases, @entity2533 reactivity was seen in the absence of @entity876 and p21WAF1 @entity876 positivity identified @entity5 of higher grade, but did not correlate with stage or survival. @entity2533 expression, however, identified low-grade @entity5 and @entity1 with longer survival. No correlation was found between the expression of any of these molecular markers and smoking history. We report a significant correlation between @entity2533 reactivity and low-grade @entity5 and between @entity2533 and better survival. This is a novel finding pointing to @entity2533 as a possible new stage-independent predictor of @entity5 survival in @entity1124 . In agreement with others, we also found @entity876 mutation in 20 (48%) of the @entity5 .

title: Analysis of @entity876 , p21WAF1, and @entity2533 in @entity1 @entity1124 : XXXX protein expression predicts longer survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta1']


abstract: The present work describes the molecular characterization of five circular plasmids found in the @entity1 clinical strain @entity30763 21881. The plasmids were designated pGL1- @entity39806 , with molecular sizes of 4,536 bp, 4,572 bp, 12,948 bp, 14,006 bp and 68,798 bp, respectively. Based on detailed sequence analysis, some of these plasmids appear to be mosaics composed of DNA obtained by modular exchange between different species of @entity880 bacteria. Based on sequence data and the derived presence of certain genes and proteins, the plasmid @entity33683 appears to replicate via a rolling-circle mechanism, while the other four plasmids appear to belong to the group of lactococcal theta-type replicons. The plasmids pGL1, @entity33683 and @entity39806 encode putative proteins related with @entity5618 synthesis and @entity5618 secretion and immunity. The plasmid @entity39806 harbors genes (txn, @entity50659 and orf25) encoding proteins that could be considered putative virulence factors. The gene txn encodes a protein with an enzymatic domain corresponding to the family actin- @entity857 -ribosyltransferases toxins, which are known to play a key role in pathogenesis of a variety of bacterial pathogens. The genes @entity50659 and orf25 encode two putative surface proteins containing the cell wall-sorting motif LPXTG, with mucin-binding and collagen-binding protein domains, respectively. These proteins could be involved in the adherence of @entity30763 to mucus from the intestine, facilitating further interaction with intestinal epithelial cells and to collagenous tissues such as the collagen-rich heart valves. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the characterization of plasmids in a @entity1 clinical strain of this pathogen.

title: Characterization of plasmids in a XXXX clinical strain of @entity30763 .

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['bacteriocin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity30763 :: ('1363', 'Species') :: ['L. garvieae', 'Lactococcus garvieae']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although barbiturates are considered to be cerebral protectants, little is known regarding the relative efficacy of different barbiturates to reduce @entity2806 . In a model of @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ), we compared the relative effects of 1.0 and 0.4 burst-suppression doses of @entity4490 , @entity3694 , and @entity4485 on @entity385 . METHODS: During @entity5161 anesthesia, @entity2500 was achieved via a temporal craniotomy. Thirty minutes before @entity2500 the @entity35 were randomized to receive one of the following which was maintained throughout the study. @entity1508 (n=20)-1.2 MAC @entity1508 , @entity4490 (n=20), @entity3694 (n=20), or @entity4485 (n=20). The first ten animals in each barbiturate group received the respective barbiturate in a dose sufficient to maintain burst-suppression of the electroencephalogram (3-5 bursts x min(-1)). The subsequent ten animals in each barbiturate group received 40% of the burst-suppression dose. After 180 min of @entity2500 and 120 min of reperfusion, @entity131 was assessed. RESULTS: For the burst-suppression animals, @entity130 (mm3, mean +/- SD) was less in the @entity4490 group (88 +/- 14) than the @entity1508 (133 +/- 17), @entity3694 (126 +/- 19), or @entity4485 (130 +/- 17) groups (P <0.05). For 0.4 burst-suppression animals, @entity130 was less for the @entity3694 group (70 +/- 22) than the @entity1508 (124 +/- 24), @entity4490 (118 +/- 15), or @entity4485 (121 +/- 20) groups (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data are inconsistent with the longstanding assumption that electrophysiologically comparable doses of the various classes of barbiturates have equivalent protective efficacy. They in turn suggest that mechanisms other than, or at least in addition to, metabolic suppression may contribute to the protective effect of barbiturates.

title: @entity4490 and @entity3694 , but not XXXX , reduce early focal @entity2806 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['Halothane', 'halothane']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCAo']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury volume']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3694 :: ('MESH:D008723', 'Chemical') :: ['methohexital']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarct']

answer: @entity4485 :: (MESH:D010424,Chemical) :: ['pentobarbitone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Asymptomatic @entity4611 occur in about 10% of cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans, but metastatic @entity977 is rare: 133 cases have been reported. Two thirds secreted either prolactin or @entity4545 , and another 24% were non-secreting. CASE PRESENTATION: A 42-year-old Caucasian @entity1 lived for 30 years after the diagnosis of a @entity977 whose clinical and biochemical features were those of @entity2012 and @entity6126 . Radiotherapy, totaling 7300 rad, was administered to the sella over two courses. @entity2124 levels normalized, but he developed both @entity1887 , and replacement therapy was commenced. Fourteen years later, @entity2124 levels again became elevated, and @entity2847 was commenced but led to side effects that could not be tolerated. An attempted surgical intervention failed, and @entity2390 and @entity4088 were used in succession. Twenty-seven years after the diagnosis, a mass from an excisional biopsy of below the angle of the mandible proved to be metastatic @entity977 . Immunohistochemical staining was positive for @entity5473 , @entity2124 , and prolactin. One year later, an @entity2390 scan showed uptake at the sella, neck, and spleen. Our @entity1 declined further active oncology treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Metastatic @entity977 associated with @entity2012 is particularly rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the eighth such case and is the first report of @entity2124 and prolactin present in the metastatic mass.

title: Metastatic @entity977 in a XXXX with @entity2012 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid and adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4088 :: ('MESH:D010479', 'Chemical') :: ['pergolide']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the pituitary gland', 'pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are no controlled experimental data that assess the accuracy of the commonly used correction factor of a 1.6 meq/L decrease in serum @entity1372 concentration for every 100 mg/dL increase in plasma @entity413 concentration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate experimentally the hyponatremic response to acute @entity4854 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1943 was infused to block endogenous insulin secretion in 6 healthy subjects. Plasma @entity413 concentrations were increased to >600 mg/dL within 1 hour by infusing 20% @entity413 . The @entity413 infusion was then stopped and insulin given until the plasma @entity413 concentration decreased to 140 mg/dL. Plasma @entity413 and serum @entity1372 concentrations were measured every 10 minutes. RESULTS: Overall, the mean decrease in serum @entity1372 concentration averaged 2.4 meq/L for every 100 mg/dL increase in @entity413 concentration. This value is significantly greater than the commonly used correction factor of 1.6 (P = 0.02). Moreover, the association between @entity1372 and @entity413 concentrations was nonlinear. This was most apparent for @entity413 concentrations >400 mg/dL. Up to 400 mg/dL, the standard correction of 1.6 worked well, but if the @entity413 concentration was >400 mg/dL, a correction factor of 4.0 was better. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the physiologic decrease in @entity1372 concentration is considerably greater than the standard correction factor of 1.6 (meq/L Na per 100 mg/dL @entity413 ), especially when the @entity413 concentration is >400 mg/dL. Additionally, a correction factor of a 2.4 meq/L decrease in @entity1372 concentration per 100 mg/dL increase in @entity413 concentration is a better overall estimate of this association than the usual correction factor of 1.6.

title: Hyponatremia: evaluating the correction factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: RATIONALE: Most antidepressants (AD) directly or indirectly enhance the serotonergic tone in the CNS. Since the @entity750 system is involved in both, the modulation of mood and motor behavior, it was reasoned that these drugs might also interfere with running wheel activity (RWA), a form of positively motivated motor behavior, which might be linked to pathological states like @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ). OBJECTIVES: We used RWA to characterize ADs from all major classes. Effects on RWA were compared to effects on general locomotor activity (LOC) to control for unspecific effects on general locomotion. METHODS: Two hours before lights-off, @entity19 were treated with either vehicle or one of the following AD: the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) @entity837 (3-10 mg/kg), @entity903 (1-10 mg/kg) and @entity905 (2-6.6 mg/kg), the selective @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) @entity18891 (1-10 mg/kg), the @entity1154 oxidase (MAO) inhibitors @entity5832 (1-3 mg/kg) and @entity13079 (3-10 mg/kg), and the tricyclic ADs @entity5829 and @entity2645 (10-30 mg/kg, each). LOC and RWA were measured after lights-off. RESULTS: At the highest dose tested, all ADs, with the exception of the MAO inhibitors, significantly reduced RWA. Both tricyclics inhibited RWA only at doses that similarly affected LOC. In contrast, all SSRI and @entity18891 inhibited RWA at doses that left LOC unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: SSRI and the SNRI @entity18891 inhibit RWA at doses not suppressing LOC. RWA may represent a simple behavioral readout of positively motivated behavior that merits further attention for psychopharmacology.

title: Running wheel activity is sensitive to acute treatment with selective inhibitors for either @entity750 or XXXX reuptake.

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity13079 :: ('MESH:D020912', 'Chemical') :: ['moclobemide']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity5832 :: ('MESH:D014191', 'Chemical') :: ['tranylcypromine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']