abstract: Small-for-size (SFS) liver graft injury is probably related to @entity74 due to an imbalance of vasoconstricting, e.g. @entity1827 , and vasorelaxing mediators, e.g. @entity842 (NO). We studied the role of @entity1827 balance and the effect of an @entity11081 ( @entity11081 ) antagonist on @entity130 after liver resection and reduced-size liver transplantation (RSLT). One hundred twenty-six Lewis @entity35 were divided into five groups: (I) 70% liver resection, (II) 70% liver resection treated with the @entity11081 antagonist @entity32593 (1 mg/kg b.w. i.v.), (III) RSLT (30% residual liver volume), (IV) RSLT treated with the @entity11081 antagonist, (V) sham operation. Liver microcirculation was measured by intravital microscopy. ET-1, @entity11081 , endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), activation of Kupffer cells (KCs) and @entity130 were studied by immunohistology. Survival and liver function were followed up to 14 days. RSLT led to increased ET-1, @entity11081 and decreased eNOS protein expression, accompanied by activation of KC, reduced perfusion rate, vasoconstriction and elevated sinusoidal blood flow, as well as @entity16 , @entity409 and impaired survival. @entity11081 blockade (groups II + IV) improved the @entity1827 balance, attenuated @entity74 and improved hepatocellular apoptosis and liver function. @entity74 related to an @entity1827 imbalance may contribute to SFS @entity99 . Maintenance of @entity1827 balance by blocking @entity11081 reduces @entity130 by protecting liver microcirculation, thus reducing @entity16 .

title: The endothelin/ @entity842 balance determines small-for-size XXXX after reduced-size @entity35 liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impaired liver function']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['microcirculatory disorders', 'Microcirculatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['SFS injury', 'parenchymal injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We herein describe a novel procedure for dentin regeneration that mimics the biological processes of tooth development in nature. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is an important regulator of the @entity25882 ( @entity25882 ) expression. Our approach mimics the biological processes underlying tooth development in nature and focuses on the activation of canonical Wnt signaling to trigger the natural process of dentinogenesis. The coronal portion of the dentin and the underlying pulp was removed from the first molars. We applied @entity13557 ( @entity4113 ), an activator of canonical Wnt signaling, on the amputated pulp surface to achieve transdifferentiation toward odontoblasts from the surrounding pulpal cells. MicroCT and microscopic analyses demonstrated that the topical application of @entity4113 induced dentin repair, including the formation of a complete dentin bridge. @entity4113 -induced dentin is a tubular dentin in which the pulp cells are not embedded within the matrix, as in primary dentin. In contrast, a dentin bridge was not induced in the control group treated with pulp capping with material carriers alone, although osteodentin without tubular formation was induced at a comparatively deeper position from the pulp exposure site. We also evaluated the influence of @entity4113 on differentiation toward odontoblasts in vitro. In the mDP odontoblast cell line, @entity4113 activated the mRNA expression of @entity25882 , @entity18609 and @entity18504 ( @entity18504 ) and downregulated the @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ) expression. These results provide a scientific basis for the biomimetic regeneration of dentin using @entity4113 as a new capping material to activate dentine regeneration.

title: Topical Application of XXXX on the Pulp Induces Dentin Regeneration.

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity25882 :: ('1834', 'Gene') :: ['Dentin sialophosphoprotein', 'Dspp']

answer: @entity13557 :: (MESH:D018021,Chemical) :: ['Lithium Chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ) often complain reduced capacity at submaximal exercise; conversely, physical capacity in performing daily duties has never been measured in @entity785 . The aim of this study is to evaluate this performance and its correlates, in @entity1 with @entity785 compared with healthy controls, in a free-living setting. METHODS: Twenty-seven outpatients with stable @entity785 and 11 controls were recruited. Physical activity was assessed by portable multiple sensor device (SenseWear Armband) worn for at least 6 days. @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ; in minutes) for non-sedentary activities and physical activity level (PAL   =   total daily energy/resting energy expenditure) per day were calculated. Nutritional status was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and pulmonary arterial @entity101 excluded by echocardiography. RESULTS: Daily physical activities (243        145   min per day vs 397        142   min, respectively; P   =   0.005) and PAL were significantly reduced in @entity785 compared with controls (1.5        0.4 vs 2        0.7, respectively; P   =   0.019). Seventy-four per cent of @entity785 @entity1 showed PAL   <   1.70, whereas only 27% of controls were below this threshold for sedentary life style. Both @entity3457 and PAL positively correlated with DLco. @entity1 and controls did not differ for spirometric parameters, body mass index, phase angle at bioelectrical impedance analysis, fat mass or fat-free mass indexes. In @entity785 , exercise capacity during daily activity was reduced compared with controls, and was associated with early evidence of functional decay (decreasing DLco) but not with @entity3147 (undernutrition). CONCLUSIONS: A reduction of daily physical activity is already present even in early stages of lung involvement in @entity785 , characterized by unaltered spirometry and well-preserved nutritional status.

title: Physical capacity in performing daily activities is reduced in scleroderma XXXX with early lung involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'Physical activity duration']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity286 smoking among medical personnel is a problem concerning not only our country. Nurses and midwives in their work have a close contact with @entity1 allowing influence on their health behaviours. Positive own example is indispensable in this field. Formation of proper attitudes and healthy behaviours should be one of the main goals of academic education of nurses and midwives. The aim of the study was an attempt at analysing the problem of @entity286 smoking among the students of the Faculty of Nursing, Medical University of Lublin. The material consisted of 152 anonymous questionnaires filled in by the students in the academic year 2001/2002. There was applied the method of standardized interview using an interview questionnaire. The material was analysed by means of descriptive statistics methods. @entity1 were more prevalent among the respondents (143 @entity1 out of 152), the mean age equalled 29.4 years. The majority were students of nursing (109 @entity1 ) and 43 represented midwifery. Twenty-seven percent of all students declared @entity286 smoking, 13% quitted the habit and 60% never smoked. The studies proved that medical education and knowledge of harmfulness of @entity286 smoking are the main reasons of non-smoking habits of the analysed group of students. The decision about taking up smoking is mostly influenced by smoking peers. This testifies to the need of further educational actions during nursing studies that would promote proper health behaviours in this field.

title: The influence of environmental factors and education on XXXX smoking among students of the Faculty of Nursing, Medical University of Lublin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: To determine the effect of early anticoagulation on the incidence of left ventricular thrombi complicating anterior @entity583 ( @entity583 ), 82 consecutive @entity1 admitted within 12 hours of symptom onset and with electrocardiographic changes consistent with anterior @entity583 were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Group 1 @entity1 received high-dose intravenous heparin to maintain the whole blood clotting time between 15 and 20 minutes, and commenced @entity1229 therapy within 48 hours. Group 2 @entity1 received low-dose subcutaneous heparin and @entity1229 therapy if the peak @entity908 kinase level was more than 1,000 U/liter. Eighteen group 2 @entity1 received @entity1229 , but none had a therapeutic prothrombin ratio within 5 days. The presence and morphologic characteristics of @entity715 were assessed by serial 2-dimensional echocardiography. Thirty @entity1 were excluded because @entity583 was not confirmed or because of technically unsatisfactory echocardiograms, death, surgery or, in group 1 patients, inadequate anticoagulation. Thrombi were identified in 29 of 52 @entity1 (56%): in 14 of 25 group 1 @entity1 (56%) and 15 of 27 group 2 @entity1 (56%). Twenty-three thrombi formed within 3 days. Thrombi were protruding rather than mural only in 3 group 2 @entity1 . The groups did not differ in baseline characteristics or in incidence, time of appearance or morphologic characteristics of @entity715 (p greater than 0.05, beta for more than 25% reduction in incidence with group 1 treatment less than 0.10). Systemic @entity887 occurred only in 1 group 2 @entity1 with mural @entity715 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of early anticoagulation on the frequency of left ventricular thrombi after anterior wall XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ) mimetic peptide 4F favours the differentiation of @entity1 monocytes to an alternatively activated M2 phenotype. The goal of the present study was to test whether the 4F-mediated differentiation of MDMs (monocyte-derived macrophages) requires the induction of an oxidative metabolic programme. 4F treatment induced several genes in MDMs that play an important role in lipid metabolism, including PPARy ( @entity6864 ) and @entity4210 . Addition of 4F was associated with a significant increase in FA ( @entity844 ) uptake and oxidation compared with vehicle treatment. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by measurement of the OCR ( @entity26 -consumption rate). 4F increased basal and @entity855 -linked OCR as well as maximal uncoupled mitochondrial respiration. These changes were associated with a significant increase in     m (mitochondrial membrane potential). The increase in metabolic activity in 4F-treated MDMs was attenuated by @entity55587 , an inhibitor of mitochondrial FA uptake. Finally, addition of the PPARy antagonist @entity33642 to 4F-treated MDMs reduced the expression of @entity11772 and @entity4210 , cell-surface markers for M2 macrophages, and reduced basal and @entity855 -linked OCR. These results support our hypothesis that the 4F-mediated differentiation of MDMs to an anti-inflammatory phenotype is due, in part, to an increase in FA uptake and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.

title: Bioenergetic programming of macrophages by the XXXX mimetic peptide 4F.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor y']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apoA-I', 'apolipoprotein A-I']

answer: @entity1675 :: (335,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of oral anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of arterial @entity1031 in @entity1 who have had @entity385 is controversial. @entity6397 may increase the @entity548 risk in @entity1 with @entity2806 of arterial origin. OBJECTIVES: 1) To calculate incidence rates of @entity548 and @entity1031 in @entity1 with noncardiac @entity2806 who were treated routinely in an anticoagulation clinic. 2) To assess which factors contribute to the occurrence of events. 3) To determine the optimal intensity of oral anticoagulant therapy in these @entity1 . METHODS: The authors studied all @entity1 treated for noncardiac @entity2806 at the Leiden anticoagulation clinic between 1993 and 1998. Outcome events were major @entity548 , major arterial @entity1031 , and @entity204 . RESULTS: The authors observed 356 @entity1 for 644 @entity1 -years. The incidence of major @entity548 was 3.9 per 100 @entity1 -years (95% CI, 2.5 to 5.7) and that of @entity1031 was 3.0 per 100 @entity1 -years (95% CI, 1.8 to 4.6). The incidence of @entity548 varied with the duration of treatment (relative risk [RR] of the first versus the second half-year, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.9 to 7.6), age (RR for age >65 years, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 12.3), and the intensity of oral anticoagulation (RR, 1.8 for each 0.5 international normalized ratio [INR] unit increase; 95% CI, 1.5 to 2.3). The optimal intensity of oral anticoagulant therapy was 2.5 to 3.5 INR; the best target value was 3.0 INR. CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity548 with anticoagulant therapy is high in @entity1 with @entity385 of arterial origin but is mainly confined to early use and elderly @entity1 .

title: Oral anticoagulation for XXXX of arterial origin: high initial @entity548 risk.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6397 :: ('MESH:D003374', 'Chemical') :: ['Coumarins']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: There were 15 @entity1 under 15 years of age with cases of @entity4789 diagnosed by revised Jones criteria admitted to pediatric department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital of Kaohsiung from Jan. 1986 through Dec. 1989. There were 11 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 . The age of onset was more commonly between 13 and 15 years old. @entity2401 was the most common clinical presentation, noted in 13 cases. Eleven cases had @entity340 : @entity339 ( @entity339 ) and @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ), 5 cases; @entity339 and @entity337 ( @entity337 ), 4 cases; @entity339 , 1 case; and @entity3454 , 1 case. One case with @entity339 + @entity337 also suffered transient acute @entity631 , which presented with gross @entity811 but improved one week later. And one case with severe @entity339 expired due to severe @entity712 . Eleven of the 14 survivors had regular follow-up at our clinic with an interval of 3 months to 38 months, and received parenteral @entity4995 for prophylaxis. During follow-up, the murmur in 4 cases with @entity339 + @entity3454 and 2 cases with @entity339 + @entity337 disappeared within 2 months. One of the three cases who had not received secondary prophylaxis had recurrence of @entity4789 3 years later after the initial diagnosis.

title: [The clinical observation and follow-up of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever', 'acute rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity4995 :: ('MESH:D010401', 'Chemical') :: ['benzathine penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular involvement']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['acute rheumatic fever']


abstract: To characterize @entity565 in the elderly, we compared @entity565 in @entity1 aged over 70 without @entity1030 with that in @entity1 in their twenties. In the elderly, 65.5% of the @entity1 had developed @entity565 after they were fifty years old. The mean duration from onset of @entity565 was 21.4 years. Of cases in the elderly, 42.1% were severe, and 93.0% were chronic type. IgE was significantly lower in the elderly than in those in their twenties. Among the @entity1 in their twenties, the severe cases had early onset and long duration. In the elderly, however, there were no correlations between severity and age at onset or duration. Severe cases in their twenties had @entity409 in the stable state than the mild cases. In the elderly, however, the mild cases had the same level of obstructive ventilatory dysfunction as the severe cases. The elderly @entity1 who had more than twenty years duration had lower V50 and V25 than those who had a less than twenty-year history. Small airway obstruction was observed in long-standing cases. As @entity565 in the elderly @entity409 in the stable state, elderly @entity1 might easily develop @entity1576 , even during mild attacks.

title: [Characteristics of XXXX in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['causes obstructive ventilatory dysfunction', 'more obstructive ventilatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: @entity19272 is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, described for the first time by Shulman in 1974. The disease presents with induration of the skin, connective tissue and the underlying @entity121 , sometimes accompanied by @entity925 , most commonly in the lower extremities. Unlike @entity2631 , it presents with absence of visceral organ involvement and @entity2407 . @entity4754 and @entity1712 have been reported. @entity19272 is often associated with @entity1503 --there are reports of combinations with other @entity792 such as @entity785 , @entity1252 , @entity2621 , Sjogren syndrome, @entity1694 , etc. Occurrence of @entity2631 , in the course of eosinophil @entity9156 is considered a rarity. We have observed such a case with the simultaneous presence of both types of lesions. A 20-year-old female @entity1 is reported, wherein the clinical picture developed for 6 months. The initial erythematous @entity158 in both lower legs gradually swell, thicken and hyperpigment. Almost simultaneously with these complaints small brown livid body plaques emerged. The @entity1 was diagnosed based on history, clinical picture, peripheral @entity1712 and histological findings from the affected areas. There was no systemic involvement and accompanying @entity1503 . Therapeutic management and significant clinical improvement were achieved using systemic corticosteroid therapy combined with @entity1499 .

title: Association of @entity19272 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['morphea', 'scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic or other disease', 'hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['Hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity19272 :: ('MESH:C562487', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['edema and subsequently the livedo-like painful plaques']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fascia']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['morphea']


abstract: For the first 98.5% of mankind's existence, prehistoric @entity1 all ate low- @entity1372 high- @entity972 , low-fat diets. With evolutionary forces working all this while, @entity1 became very well adapted to the low- @entity1372 , high- @entity972 , low-fat diet. In modern times, @entity1 has deserted his ancient cuisine and now favours a high- @entity1372 , low- @entity972 , high-fat diet, which has produced several 'diseases of civilization', including @entity101 . Many studies indicate that a 'normal'- @entity972 diet encourages arterial thickening and lesions in @entity101 arteries and kidneys, whereas a high- @entity972 diet can prevent many of these arterial and @entity8 , even though the blood pressure remains equally @entity101 . The high- @entity972 diet also tends to retard the development of @entity101 . In susceptible @entity1 and @entity35 , a high- @entity1219 diet leads to @entity101 . This susceptibility is probably brought about by kidneys that have a sluggish @entity1372 excretion in response to a @entity1219 load. This type of kidney combined with a high- @entity1219 diet tends to produce @entity1219 retention. Evidence is presented that this @entity1219 signal may be perceived by structures in the wall of the third brain ventricle. In susceptible @entity1 or @entity35 , this can lead to a @entity101 rise in blood pressure, which over time can become partially irreversible, even though a low- @entity1219 diet is reinstituted.

title: The Volhard lecture. @entity972 and XXXX in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'humans', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 can be difficult to diagnose. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies may be negative even when @entity5 is present. AIMS: To identify endosonographic features predictive of @entity5 that will separate @entity1 into high- and low-risk groups, in whom a negative FNA effectively rules out @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 presenting for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) evaluation for suspected pancreatic mass were prospectively enrolled. If a mass or abnormal lymph nodes were present, sampling via fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed. The characteristics of @entity1 with @entity5 were compared to the characteristics of @entity1 without @entity5 using Chi-square testing and t-tests. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 were enrolled. Thirty-three @entity1 had @entity5 and 40 had @entity66 . On multivariate analysis, only vascular or organ invasion and dilation of the @entity788 ( @entity788 ) were significantly associated with @entity5 . @entity384 was examined as a stand-alone feature. The presence of a dilated @entity788 placed @entity1 into a group with a 65% prevalence of @entity5 . In the non-dilated @entity788 group, the prevalence of @entity5 was only 17%, and in this group, the negative predictive value of FNA was 100%, compared to an NPV of 73% in the entire cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The most significant negative predictive endosonographic finding in @entity1 with suspected @entity788 is a non-dilated @entity788 . If a @entity1 with suspected @entity788 does not have a dilated @entity788 and the FNA is negative for @entity5 , the likelihood of @entity5 is low.

title: Absence of a dilated duct predicts XXXX in suspected @entity788 : a simple clinical rule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic duct', 'PD', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['benign disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['PD dilation']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['benign disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Melanocytic nevi may exhibit histologic features in common with cutaneous @entity320 , creating diagnostic difficulties. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the clinical behavior of @entity8205 with @entity154 in association with dermal @entity82 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity8205 with pronounced @entity82 and associated pseudomelanomatous changes were collected and studied clinically and histologically. RESULTS: The @entity82 was centrally located and laminated in appearance. It imparted a trizonal appearance: a junctional component with prominent single cells and/or irregular nests, underlying @entity82 , and a mature dermal component. No recurrence or @entity3 were evident over an average follow-up period of 2 years. LIMITATIONS: The follow-up period was short. CONCLUSIONS: The central location and laminated appearance of the @entity82 suggest that this may represent the extreme end of a spectrum of fibroplastic changes in " @entity6349 . Adjacent features of " @entity6349 and limitation of @entity154 to the perifibrotic focus are important in accurately identifying these lesions. Although @entity8205 with exaggerated @entity3385 may show foci with @entity320 -like features, they do not appear to exhibit aggressive clinical behavior.

title: " @entity6349 with florid XXXX associated with @entity154 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomelanomatous features']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['Clark/dysplastic" nevi']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3385 :: (MESH:D012178,Disease) :: ['fibroplasia']


abstract: This study was designed to determine whether laser energy could be used effectively to resect @entity731 through an endoscope in a live animal model. Twelve adult Yorkshire @entity1707 with infrarenal @entity731 had a 2.5 mm and/or 3.2 mm diameter fiberscope passed into the aorta from the femoral artery after proximal @entity432 . Endoscopic argon laser resection of the @entity731 was then attempted in eight @entity1707 with an argon laser fiber (60 to 400 microns). We were able to visualize the raised @entity731 in all 12 @entity1707 with the larger 3.2 mm diameter fiberscope, which was easily passed into the aortoiliac system from the 4 mm diameter femoral vessel. The articulating end feature enhanced maneuverability within the lumen and allowed laser fiber direction. The 2.5 mm endoscope did not allow adequate visualization in any @entity1707 since the vessel could not be cleared of blood. The 2.5 mm endoscope was also passed from the femoral artery distally into the hind limb and still did not allow adequate visualization of the vessel wall because of persistent luminal blood. The 3.2 mm endoscope enabled vessel wall visualization distal to the femoral artery when the proximal artery was occluded. No aortas were grossly perforated by the laser energy. In all @entity1707 undergoing endoscopic laser resection, raised plaques were removed both grossly and histologically, although the plaque edges were carbonized and frayed as well as vaporized. With the small spot size of the @entity3503 fiber, channels were drilled through plaque, frequently with incomplete recanalization of the lumen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Endoscopic laser resection of XXXX in a live animal model. A preliminary report on some technical difficulties.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['aortic atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic balloon occlusion']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report long-term survival and @entity137 of radiation compared with pelvic node resection for @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: A Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol enrolled 114 @entity1 randomly allocated to postoperative pelvic and groin radiation (45-50 Gy, n=59) or to ipsilateral pelvic node resection (n=55) after radical vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy. Retrospective analyses for 114 enrolled @entity1 included both risk of progression and @entity204 after treatment and assessment of @entity137 . RESULTS: Median age was 70 years. Median survivor follow-up was 74 months. The relative risk of progression was 39% in radiation @entity1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17-0.88, P=.02). Fourteen intercurrent @entity204 occurred after radiation as compared with only two after pelvic node resection, narrowing 6-year overall survival (51% compared with 41%, hazard ratio 0.61 [95% CI 0.30-1.3], P=.18). However, the @entity5 rate was significantly higher for pelvic node resection compared with radiation (51% compared with 29% at 6 years, hazard ratio 0.49 [95% CI 0.28-0.87], P=.015). Six-year overall survival benefit for radiation in @entity1 with clinically suspected or fixed @entity1066 (P=.004) and two or more positive groin nodes (P<.001) persisted. A ratio of more than 20% positive ipsilateral groin nodes (number positive/number resected) was significantly associated with contralateral lymph node @entity3 , relapse, and @entity5 . Late chronic @entity4269 (16% compared with 22%) and cutaneous desquamation (19% compared with 15%) were balanced after radiation and pelvic node resection. CONCLUSION: Radiation after radical vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy significantly reduces local relapses and decreases @entity5 . Late @entity137 remained similar after radiation or pelvic node resection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.

title: Radiation therapy compared with pelvic node resection for node-positive XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'cancer-related deaths', 'groin node-positive vulvar cancer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated groin nodes']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vulvar cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated whether preoperative biliary drainage was predictive of recurrence and survival among @entity1 with resectable @entity788 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity788 who were treated with upfront surgery between 2000 and 2012 were identified and stratified by preoperative percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram-guided drainage (PTBD), placement of endoscopic stents (ERCP), or @entity253 ( @entity253 ). The primary endpoint was overall survival. RESULTS: We identified 193 @entity1 with resectable @entity788 (33 PTBD; 96 ERCP; and 64 @entity253 ). Key differences between the three groups were more @entity1 who underwent >1 preoperative biliary procedures (p  =  0.004) in the PTBD cohort. PTBD @entity1 had a significant increase in hepatic recurrence rate compared with @entity1 who did not undergo PTBD (44.8 vs. 23.3  %, p  =  0.02). PTBD @entity1 also had worse overall survival. Median and 5-year survival for PTBD, ERCP, and @entity253 @entity1 were 17.5  months and 3  %, 22.4  months and 24  %, and 28.9  months and 32  %, respectively (p  =  0.002). MVA revealed that percutaneous drainage was an independent predictor of worse overall survival [HR 1.76, 95  % CI (1.05-2.99), p  =  0.03]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with resectable @entity788 who receive PTBD have more @entity1442 , higher hepatic recurrence, and worse survival.

title: Comparative long-term outcomes of upfront resected XXXX after preoperative biliary drainage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic head cancer']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['NBD', 'no biliary drainage']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3504 in a pH sensitive tablet ( @entity2983 ) is administered as three doses/day to treat @entity31 . Once daily dosing may improve @entity1 adherence. Simulation of colonic levels of @entity3504 can be used to compare dosing regimens. AIM: To create a dynamic model of colonic concentrations of delayed-release @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ). METHODS: Using published data, we created a computer model with @entity28374 software to simulate amounts of colonic @entity3504 in the total colon, right, transverse, descending and sigmoid/rectum after daily and three time/day @entity2983 . RESULTS: The model predicted similar total and regional amounts of @entity3504 with both regimens. Distribution of @entity3504 was 38% in the right colon, 33% in the transverse colon and 14% each in the descending and sigmoid/rectal colon. Simulated @entity694 and defecation rate exaggerated this @entity3504 distribution, resulting in negligible amounts of @entity3504 in the sigmoid/rectal region. CONCLUSIONS: This computer model suggests that @entity2983 can be administered as a single daily dose. The model supports experimental and clinical observations that alternate dose or route of administration may be necessary to achieve adequate @entity3504 amounts in the distal colon during acute exacerbations of @entity31 . This simulation cannot account for all sources of variability in the clinical setting, but provides a rationale for further investigation.

title: A dynamic model of colonic concentrations of delayed-release @entity2983 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['increases in colonic motility']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'Asacol']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['Asacol']


abstract: Overall body fat and its distribution in different regions are important predispositions to known aberrations in lipid and @entity413 metabolism. The accuracy of MR imaging in estimating overall body @entity1386 and regional fat distribution at individual landmarks was determined by comparing it with well-accepted measures by @entity20962 ( @entity2768 ) dilution and bioimpedance analysis. Fourteen normal young @entity1 ( @entity2587 and control subjects) were studied. A total of 308 axial, T1-weighted, spin-echo MR images over a specific region in the trunk (21-24 scans per subject) were obtained. Morphometric computer image analysis was performed to determine the subcutaneous, internal, and total fat volumes in each image. The data were analyzed in two ways: data from all slices were summed to assess overall body @entity1386 , and six anatomic landmarks were chosen for regional comparisons. MR-determined estimates of overall body @entity1386 strongly correlated with total body fat measures by @entity2768 dilution in both total fat (r = .91) and subcutaneous fat (r = .92) determinations. Athletes in both the low- and high-intensity training phases had significantly lower values of MR-determined total body @entity1386 than did control subjects. Parallel to total body @entity1386 , @entity2587 had significantly lower MR-determined ratios of total fat/total volume in four of six individual landmarks compared with control subjects. Our experience suggests that MR is an accurate method to quantify overall body @entity1386 , when compared with @entity2768 dilution and bioimpedance analysis. MR could also discriminate regional components of subcutaneous and internal body fat at individual landmarks.

title: Overall body fat and regional fat distribution in young XXXX : quantification with MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity20962 :: ('MESH:D017666', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium-oxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the clinical features, course and treatment of a group of @entity1 with type I @entity1120 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study comprises 8 @entity1 diagnosed in childhood or young age, except for one, diagnosed in adulthood. The follow-up ranges from 1 to 26 years (mean, 15 years). The diagnosis was usually established by identification of Gaucher cells in the bone marrow or other tissues; enzyme and genotype studies were performed in 5 cases. In the @entity1 receiving substitutive therapy with @entity15675 the dosage was 5 U/kg/day twice a week (2 cases) or 30 U/Kg every second week (1 case). RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 at diagnosis was 22 years (range, 4-52) and the M/F ratio was 1.0. Splenectomy was carried out in 5 of the 8 cases between 2 months and 13 years since diagnosis, because of severe @entity1503 due to @entity6118 ; severe @entity548 appeared in two cases. Prophylactic antibiotics against capsulated germs were given to all the @entity1 undergoing splenectomy, no infectious episodes appearing in their clinical course. Lipid deposition @entity382 was present in 7 cases, ranging between 2 and 20 cm.; Gaucher cells and @entity82 were seen in liver biopsies. Skin involvement was present in one case, and pingueculae in 6. @entity79 were seen in 5 @entity1 . @entity16 were absent in every case. Positive serology for CVH was found in 3 cases and for BVH in one other. @entity15675 treatment: Striking clinical improvement was seen six months after starting this therapy, @entity382 being reduced in 9 cm in case No 1, while @entity158 and @entity409 subside in case No 2 and blood cell counts recovered in case No 3. No adverse side-effects were appreciated with this treatment. COMMENTS: @entity1120 is an @entity74 , with ill-defined incidence in our environment. The commonest symptoms include @entity1503 and/or visceromegalia. The clinical course is usually torpid, with high morbidity requiring hospitalization due to @entity548 , @entity79 in most cases. Better long-term prognosis can presently be expected in view of the good response to substitutive therapy. In order to establish an adjusted evaluation of the disease and its economic implications, a national registry would be desirable, thus allowing us to know the actual incidence and to make plans for successful @entity15675 treatment, taking into account the high costs of this last.

title: [Type I XXXX : clinical, evolutive and therapeutic features in 8 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological manifestations']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hip dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone lesions', 'surgery or bone complications']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ["Gaucher's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['unusual disorder']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) are acquired arteriovenous shunts located within the dura. The highly variable natural history and symptomatology of @entity2457 range from subjective bruit to intracranial @entity548 and are related to the lesion's pattern of venous drainage and its effect on the drainage of adjacent brain. We examined the prevalence and features of @entity2457 in @entity1 with progressive @entity303 or @entity75 . METHODS: The records and radiologic studies of 40 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2457 treated at our institution were reviewed. RESULTS: Five (12.5%) of 40 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2457 had @entity75 or @entity303 . In each @entity1 , high flow through the arteriovenous shunt combined with venous outflow obstruction caused @entity73 . Hemodynamically, the result was widespread @entity101 causing diffuse @entity63 and @entity75 . Results of CT or MR imaging revealed abnormalities in each @entity1 , reflecting the impaired parenchymal venous drainage. Pathologic findings in one @entity1 confirmed the mechanism of @entity75 as @entity101 . The hemodynamic mechanism and resulting abnormality appeared identical to that seen in progressive @entity102 resulting from a spinal DAVF ( @entity10804 ). Remission of @entity73 occurred in each @entity1 after embolization. CONCLUSION: Venous hypertensive @entity75 resulting from a DAVF should be considered a potentially reversible cause of @entity1294 in @entity1 with progressive @entity73 .

title: XXXX resulting from @entity2457 : the pathologic findings of venous hypertensive @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction', 'progressive dysfunction of brain parenchyma', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'impairment of cerebral venous drainage', 'cognitive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['Dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'DAVFs']

entities_list: @entity10804 :: ('MESH:C537069', 'Disease') :: ['Foix-Alajouanine syndrome']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: The advent of whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) has introduced @entity5 imaging with a systemic approach compared to established sequential, multi-modal diagnostic algorithms. Hardware innovations, such as the introduction of multi-receiver channel whole-body scanners at 1.5 T and recently 3T, combined with acquisition acceleration techniques, have made high resolution WB-MRI clinically feasible. Now, a dedicated assessment of individual organs with various soft tissue contrast, spatial resolution and contrast media dynamics can be combined with whole-body anatomic coverage in a multi-planar imaging approach. More flexible protocols, e.g. including T1-weighted TSE- and STIR-imaging, dedicated lung imaging or dynamic contrast-enhanced studies of the abdomen can be performed within less than 45 min. For initial @entity5 staging PET-CT as a competing whole-body modality in oncologic imaging has proved more accurate for the definition of T-stage and lymph node assessment, using the additional metabolic information of PET for the assessment of @entity5 viability and therapy response. However, new applications, such as MR-whole-body diffusion imaging, may significantly increase sensitivity in near future. WB-MRI has shown advantages for the detection of distant @entity3 , especially from @entity5 frequently spreading to the liver or brain and it is especially useful as a radiation-free alternative for the surveillance of @entity5 @entity1 with multiple follow-up exams. Furthermore, it has been introduced as a whole-body bone marrow screening application. Within this context WB-MRI is highly accurate for the detection of skeletal metastases and staging of @entity1503 , such as multiple @entity1582 or @entity706 . This article summarizes recent developments and applications of WB-MRI and highlights its performance within the scope of systemic oncologic staging and surveillance.

title: Whole-body MRI for the staging and follow-up of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Stimulation of neuropeptide Y ( @entity7766 ) Y2 receptors induced an intracellular free @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) increase in a @entity1 @entity521 cell line, CHP-234. When @entity7766 in a @entity141 -free solution was applied, this increase was abolished. Depolarization with high KCl evoked no response, suggesting that the responses were not mediated by voltage-gated @entity141 channels. There was no evidence that the @entity7766 response consisted of a capacitative @entity141 entry sensitive to internal @entity141 store levels. The [ @entity141 ]i elevation was diminished by @entity3411 , a blocker of @entity141 entry. @entity3281 induced a quench of the @entity593 fluorescence, which ceased promptly upon the removal of @entity7766 , indicating that @entity141 entry was linked tightly to receptor activation. Although @entity2426 - and @entity8452 -sensitive @entity141 stores were present, @entity7766 -induced responses were not impaired by pretreatment with either drug. Furthermore, @entity7766 had no effect on the @entity2426 -sensitive store. Pertussis toxin did not affect the @entity7766 -stimulated [ @entity141 ]i increase, although it abolished the @entity7766 -dependent inhibition of @entity268 production. It is concluded that the Y2 receptors couple directly to receptor-operated @entity141 channels without the involvement of intracellular @entity141 stores. The results also indicate that Y2 receptors can activate both pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive mechanisms in the same cell.

title: A pertussis toxin-insensitive calcium influx mediated by neuropeptide Y2 receptors in a @entity1 XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: The records of 23 @entity1 who underwent surgical repair of isolated totally @entity358 were reviewed to assess the accuracy of pre- and postoperative echocardiographic diagnoses. Preoperative echocardiographic diagnoses were accurate in 22 of 23 @entity1 , including the sites of connection of the individual pulmonary veins. Cardiac catheterization in 13 @entity1 confirmed the echocardiographic findings. Analysis of multiple pre- and postoperative variables revealed no statistically significant difference between the @entity1 with and without catheterization, although there was a tendency toward a higher mortality rate in the catheterized group. Postoperative echocardiographic examination revealed @entity3885 in 7 of 19 @entity1 . Catheterization confirmed the echocardiographic findings, localizing the obstruction in one @entity1 . The size of the venoatrial @entity254 was measured on postoperative echocardiograms performed on 14 @entity1 . The cross-sectional area of the @entity254 was less than 0.3 cm2/m2 of body surface area in the four @entity1 with obstruction of the @entity254 , and greater than 0.95 cm2/m2 in all long-term survivors examined. Two-dimensional echocardiography with pulsed Doppler examination and Doppler color flow mapping is an excellent means of diagnosing totally @entity358 . The connections of the individual pulmonary veins can be identified in nearly all cases. Surgical repair can usually be undertaken on the basis of echocardiographic diagnosis alone. Echocardiography also provides an extremely accurate method of evaluating surgical repair and of identifying and localizing postoperative @entity3885 .

title: Two-dimensional echocardiography in the pre- and postoperative management of totally XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction to pulmonary venous return']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous connection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish a standard protocol for the multiplanar (MPR) and 3D @entity11644 ( @entity11644 ) reconstruction of CT data on @entity174 , and to assess the usefulness of these reformats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity174 in 15 @entity1 were imaged by means of plain radiographs, transaxial CT, MPR reformats, and @entity11644 reformats. RESULTS: The classification of the acetabular fracture was revised in 7/15 cases when the transaxial CT images were read after the plain radiographs. Although the MPR and @entity11644 reformats did not alter the classification, they did add to the degree of confidence in the diagnosis in 9/15 cases. In 2 @entity1 , the MPR and @entity11644 reformats indicated operative instead of conservative treatment. In the MPR reformats, the following views were considered essential in all cases: (a) along the anterior column; (b) along the posterior column; and (c) along both columns and the inferior ramus. In the @entity11644 reformats, the following views were considered essential in all cases: (d) the latero-caudal en face view into the acetabulum; and 180 degrees opposite to this, (e) the medio-cranial view (facing the quadrilateral plate). In 10/15 cases, these views were all that was needed for classification. It was, however, essential to remove the femur from the images before reconstructing the @entity11644 views. CONCLUSION: Complex @entity174 with displacement should be evaluated by means of transaxial CT and additional MPR and @entity11644 reformats. The use of appropriate standard MPR and @entity11644 views shortens the time required to produce the reformats and thereby maximizes the benefit gained.

title: Multiplanar and 3D CT of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular fractures', 'Acetabular fractures']

entities_list: @entity11644 :: ('MESH:C564120', 'Disease') :: ['SSD', 'shaded surface display']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['acetabular fractures']


abstract: @entity66 remains a major problem in the treatment of @entity1 @entity5 . To effectively monitor minimal leukemic activity after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), we used a competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification technique to quantify expression of the characteristic @entity1861 fusion message in @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). Quantitative results were obtained between the 0.001% and 0.1% level in control experiments. This represents a significant advantage over cytogenetic and Southern blotting techniques routinely used to diagnose @entity1860 , which may not be sensitive below the 1% level. To illustrate the potential clinical usefulness of the quantitative PCR strategy, we compared results of @entity1861 messenger RNA expression with those obtained using cytogenetic and Southern blotting techniques, in a study of consecutive BM and peripheral blood (PB) samples from two @entity1860 @entity1 at high risk for relapse after BMT. One @entity1 received a syngeneic transplant during the chronic phase of the disease and relapse was apparent at the molecular level 4.5 months after BMT, while the @entity1 was in complete clinical remission. The second @entity1 was treated with an allogeneic BMT during the accelerated phase of the disease. A slow, but progressive decrease in @entity1861 expression was observed during the first 12 months after BMT, and expression was undetectable thereafter. Our results indicate that the competitive PCR technique can be used to monitor disease activity in @entity1 at high risk of relapse, while the @entity1 are in complete clinical remission, which should facilitate the early detection of relapse or the identification of progressive disappearance of leukemic activity. The approach used may serve as a model for the study of @entity66 in an increasing number of other @entity1583 that express @entity5 .

title: Molecular quantification of @entity66 in XXXX after bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-specific RNAs', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3472 remains the primary source of morbidity following distal pancreatectomy. Previous studies have reported specific methods of parenchymal transection/stump sealing in an effort to decrease the @entity3472 rate with highly variable results. The aim of this study was to determine postoperative outcomes following various pancreatic stump-sealing methods. STUDY DESIGN: All cases of distal pancreatectomy were reviewed at a single institution between January 2008 and June 2011 and were monitored with complete 30-day outcomes through ACS-NSQIP. Pancreatic stump-sealing method was used to create three operation groups (suture, staple, or saline-linked radiofrequency). Two- and three-way statistical analyses were performed among the operation groups. RESULTS: Two hundred three @entity1 underwent distal pancreatectomy. The most common diagnoses included chronic @entity788 , @entity420 , and IPMN. The suture, staple, and SLRF groups included 90 (44  %), 61 (30  %), and 52 (26  %) @entity1 , respectively. Overall complications (range 31-38  %) and @entity3472 (range 25-26  %) were similar with each pancreatic closure technique. Operative technique was not associated with an increased need for postoperative interventions or hospital readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative outcomes after distal pancreatectomy are unaffected by the use of SLRF sealing of the pancreatic stump when compared to traditional suture or reinforced stapling techniques.

title: Does XXXX Closure Method Influence Distal Pancreatectomy Outcomes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic fistula', 'pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Stump']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To clarify the clinical significance of @entity2998 for @entity385 events, a follow-up study was performed in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: Two hundred fourteen @entity1 were registered from nine hospitals in the Osaka community. All @entity1 were checked for a prior history of @entity64 , and the risk factors for @entity64 and @entity731 were evaluated. Carotid @entity731 was assessed by 7.5-MHz duplex ultrasonography. We studied the relationship between the @entity385 event rate and the severity and appearance of the @entity2998 . We also studied the relationship between @entity64 events and various risk factors. RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was 16 months. Ten @entity1 suffered new @entity385 during this follow-up period. At the initial ultrasonographic study, 16 @entity1 had high-grade @entity850 and 21 had @entity1066 . Proportional hazard regression analysis showed that grade of @entity850 and plaque ulceration were positively related to the event rate. @entity1 with @entity1066 had a sevenfold higher hazard ratio for @entity64 in comparison to those without (P < .01). The @entity64 recurrence rate was 11 times higher in @entity1 with ulcerated high-grade stenotic carotid lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings demonstrate that the severity of @entity2998 as evaluated by ultrasonography is a useful indicator of the risk of @entity385 in symptomatic @entity1 .

title: @entity385 events and XXXX . Results of the Osaka Follow-up Study for Ultrasonographic Assessment of Carotid @entity731 (the OSACA Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated plaque']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic stroke episodes']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of a @entity14 -screening program based on a guaiac fecal occult blood (FOB) test. The secondary objective was to determine whether the sensitivity varied by sex and if the difference between males and females could be explained by differences in age group at the time of the test, round of screening, how the test was provided to the @entity1 , @entity5 location, and the presence of theoretical screening program exclusion criteria. METHODS: For the 2002-2006 period, we retrospectively analyzed data from the organized colorectal screening program in Is  re, France, which was designed for asymptomatic individuals aged 50-74. Sensitivity was assessed considering the number of @entity5 diagnosed in the 2 years following the test. A logistical regression analysis was done to evaluate the factors associated with the sensitivity of the screening program. RESULTS: A total of 506 @entity1 were included in the analysis. The overall sensitivity of the screening program was 48.4%, being 58.3% for males and 32.5% for females. In multivariate analysis, sensitivity for males was still higher than for females ( @entity3122 [95% CI, 1.4-3.4]) after adjusting for age group, presence of exclusion criteria, the way the test was given, the round of participation, and the @entity5 location. A total of 183 (36.2%) study subjects presented with at least one exclusion criterion for the screening program. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of the @entity14 -screening program based on a guaiac test was insufficient, being higher for males than for females. This difference in sensitivity was not entirely explained by differences in age, characteristics of screening participation, and @entity5 location.

title: Sensitivity of a XXXX screening program based on a guaiac test: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'interval cancers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Greece, primary care is still developing. The aim of this study was to define the epidemiologic profile of common otorhinolaryngological, @entity135 in order to help general practitioners to deal with them in a primary care future. METHODS: A total of 6771 @entity1 attended the Otorhinolaryngology emergency department of the University General Hospital of Heraklion (Crete), between January and December 2004. All cases were included in this retrospective study. The registry of the Otorhinolaryngology emergency department was analysed and age, sex, seasonality and clinical diagnosis were tabulated. All @entity1 were evaluated by Otorhinolaryngologists. The classification of the cases was based on the main symptom or clinical sign that conditioned the reason for seeking care. Diagnoses were also coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1:1. The mean age for females was 36.3 years standard deviation (SD): 21.1 and for males was 36.8 years (SD = 22.0). Eight hundred eighty six @entity1 (13.1%) formed the paediatric sub-group. Over 60% of the cases were classified in ten major groups of diagnosis. @entity697 (12.3%) and @entity697 (9.0%) were the most common causes of all medical visits, followed by @entity2346 media (7.6%) and external ear canal obstruction by ear wax (6.2%). @entity4 of the larynx was detected in 0.4%. A negative diagnosis of otorhinolaryngological, @entity135 was formulated in 553 @entity1 (8.2%). Hospitalization rate was 5.2%. The highest rate of visits was registered in March. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 used the facility as a primary care service. @entity341 were a minority. Recovering data about which areas of Otorhinolaryngology deserve more emphasis might help primary health care providers to diagnose and manage the common otorhinolaryngological, @entity135 properly.

title: Epidemiologic profile of otorhinolaryngological, XXXX in a tertiary hospital unit in Greece: a challenge for general practitioners?

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck disorder', 'head and neck disorders']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pharyngitis', 'Acute tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Oedema']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Real emergencies']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowing family history is important for understanding @entity5 risk, yet communication within families is suboptimal. Providing strategies to enhance communication may be useful. METHODS: Four hundred ninety @entity1 were recruited from urban, safety-net, hospital-based primary care @entity1 's health clinics. @entity1 were randomized to receive the KinFact intervention or the control handout on lowering risks for @entity0 and screening recommendations. @entity5 family history was reviewed with all @entity1 . The 20-minute KinFact intervention, based in communication and behavior theory, included reviewing individualized @entity0 risks and an interactive presentation about @entity5 and communication. Study outcomes included whether @entity1 reported collecting family history, shared @entity5 risk information with relatives, and the frequency of communication with relatives. Data were collected at baseline, 1, 6, and 14 months. RESULTS: Overall, intervention @entity1 were significantly more likely to gather @entity5 information at follow-up (odds ratio [OR]: 2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01, 3.71) and to share @entity5 information with relatives (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.48). Communication frequency (1=not at all; 4=a lot) was significantly increased at follow-up (1.67 vs. 1.54). Differences were not modified by age, race, education, or family history. However, effects were modified by pregnancy status and genetic literacy. Intervention effects for information gathering and frequency were observed for nonpregnant @entity1 but not for pregnant @entity1 . Additionally, intervention effects were observed for information gathering in @entity1 with high genetic literacy, but not in @entity1 with low genetic literacy. CONCLUSIONS: The KinFact intervention successfully promoted family communication about @entity5 risk. Educating @entity1 to enhance their communication skills surrounding family history may allow them to partner more effectively with their families and ultimately their providers in discussing risks and prevention.

title: The KinFact intervention - a randomized controlled trial to increase family communication about XXXX history.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'family cancer', 'familial cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast/colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management strategy for @entity1 with low-grade biopsy-proven @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) is not clear. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of regular colposcopic follow-up and treatment of progressive disease only versus immediate treatment. METHODS: Data were accrued between November 2000 and March 2006 for a noninferiority randomized clinical trial of 415 @entity1 with biopsy-proven grade 1 @entity3146 from 8 Canadian and 2 Brazilian colposcopy clinics. Subjects were randomly assigned to either undergo immediate treatment with a loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP) or receive regular colposcopic follow-up for 18 months. The primary outcome was progression of disease to @entity3146 2 to 3 was based on histology obtained during 18 months of follow-up. Treatments were compared using differences of proportion with a 9% noninferiority margin. Analysis was conducted on the basis of intention-to-treat. RESULTS: An initial LEEP was performed on 179 @entity1 . Disease progression was found in 32. Easily controlled @entity3556 occurred in 16 (8.9%). During follow-up, disease progression was identified in 3 (1.7%) @entity1 in the immediate treatment arm and 9 (4.4%) in the colposcopic follow-up arm-a tolerable difference of 2.7% with 1-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) upper limit of 6.0%. Compliance with all 3 follow-up visits was 61% overall, but significantly worse in @entity1  <=30 years of age (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of progression to @entity3146 grade 2 or 3 or @entity5 over 18 months was similar in the 2 treatment groups. In Canada and Brazil, follow-up for 18 months is a reasonable management strategy for @entity1 with persistent low-grade cytology who are found to have grade 1 @entity3146 on referral for colposcopy and cervical biopsy.

title: Expectant management versus immediate treatment for low-grade XXXX : a randomized trial in Canada and Brazil.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: Endoscopic examination of a 60-year-old @entity1 revealed @entity2681 in the gastric antrum. After 6 months, erosions also formed in the duodenal bulb and systemic lymph nodes become enlarged. After 20 months, the @entity10189 developed into @entity9645 , and the systemic lymph node swelling progressed. Histological examination of the neck lymph node showed @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ). This result agreed with the results of the gastroduodenal biopsy. This case was diagnosed as recurrent primary @entity6595 in other areas, with systemic lymph node @entity3 and @entity236 . Hyper-CVAD ( @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity619 ), high-dose @entity1499 and @entity2592 in combination with Rituximab and stem cell transplantation was performed. The @entity75 and atypical cells in the bone @entity236 after 2 cycles of the chemotherapy. Metastatic lymph node swelling regressed after stem cell transplantation. We have had no evidence of recurrence for 50 months. Primary @entity6595 is very rare and @entity4910 immunohistochemistry and FISH assay were very useful for the diagnosis of @entity1073 .

title: [A case of primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal erosions']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric MCL']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['multiple erosions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow invasion', 'marrow disappeared']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric mantle cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed agreement between provisional and endoscopic diagnoses for @entity1 with @entity2210 undergoing initial endoscopy, and examined variation between clinicians at 2 hospitals. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 423 consecutive @entity1 . RESULTS: Crude percentage agreement ranged from 55% to 97%. Kappa scores revealed poor agreement: peptic ulcers (0.11: 95% CI [0.05, 0.17]); @entity354 (0.29: 95% CI [0.20, 0.38]); benign esophageal stricture (0.33: 95% CI [0.08, 0.58]); and @entity5 (0.12: 95% CI [-0.12, 0.36]). Positive and negative predictive values for @entity5 and benign esophageal stricture showed that agreement for a negative diagnosis was almost perfect, whereas agreement for a positive diagnosis was low. Only 17% of @entity1 with @entity5 were given an accurate provisional diagnosis. Accuracy of diagnosis did not vary substantially between hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Crude percentage agreement is misleading. Emphasis should be placed on better prediction of @entity5 , benign esophageal stricture, and @entity10189 . Accuracy of provisional diagnosis in everyday practice is no worse than that found in prospective studies in which clinicians knew a priori that diagnoses would be scrutinized. The difficulty of predicting diagnoses supports increased reliance on endoscopy.

title: Accuracy of provisional diagnoses of @entity2210 in XXXX undergoing first endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: One hundred thirty-four consecutive @entity1 (65 @entity1 and 69 @entity1 ) underwent pulmonary resection for @entity189 . Mean age was 65 years. Lobectomy was done in 100 @entity1 , pneumonectomy in 10, segmentectomy in 5, and wedge excision in 19. Only 10 @entity1 had lymph node @entity3 (7.5%). The @entity5 was solitary in 111 @entity1 (82.8%); 97 were in stage I, 4 were in stage II, 9 were in stage IIIa, and 1 was in stage IIIb. There were two operative deaths (1.5%). Thirty-nine complications occurred in 31 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 5.1 years. Recurrent @entity189 developed in 45 @entity1 . Five- and 10-year survival for @entity1 in stage I was 75.2% and 62.0%, respectively. Survival for @entity1 with T1 N0 M0 @entity5 was identical to expected survival and was 90.5% at 5 years, as compared with 55.4% for @entity1 with T2 N0 M0 disease, only 35.9% for @entity1 with multiple @entity66 , and 0.0% for @entity1 with @entity66 (p less than 0.0001). Other significant factors adversely affecting survival included the presence of signs and symptoms, diffuse malignant invasion, @entity3558 -producing @entity5 , and the histological absence of scar. We conclude that @entity189 has a unique natural history that is more influenced by local neoplastic processes than by lymph node @entity3 . Early aggressive pulmonary resection is safe and offers the potential for cure. The presence of @entity5 , however, is ominous.

title: XXXX : factors affecting survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'bilateral cancer', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoalveolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Bronchoalveolar carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There has been little evidence so far supporting further surgical intervention in case of repeated recurrence of @entity463 ( @entity463 ). Thus, the efficacy and utility of repeated resection remains unclear but worthy of consideration. The aim of this study was to review the efficacy of multiple repeated resections in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 underwent repeated surgical resections for recurrent @entity463 . All @entity1 who underwent >2 surgical interventions were clustered in group A. Group B were @entity1 treated nonsurgically after resection of the first recurrence. @entity1 ' treatment history, including surgical interventions, radiotherapy, chemotherapy regimens, @entity260 , Karnofsky Performance Score, and survival rate were reviewed. RESULTS: Group A consisted of 10 @entity1 (median age, 60.5 y) and group B of 32 @entity1 (median age, 56.5 y). Histopathologic findings revealed @entity463 in 8 @entity1 of group A and in 23 @entity1 of group B. An oligodendroglial component was detected in 2 @entity1 of group A and in 7 @entity1 of group B. The median Karnofsky Performance Score after the first surgery for @entity5 recurrence was 80 in both groups (P=0.084). The median overall survival time was 26 months in @entity1 of group A and 16 months in @entity1 of group B (P=0.052). The 2-year survival rate of group A was 58.3% and significantly higher than in group B (29.0%; P=0.036). The 3-year survival rate of group A was 31.1% and 12.4% of group B (P=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical resection of repeatedly recurring @entity463 is likely to prolong survival. Repeated surgical resection may be considered as an effective treatment option in addition to radiochemotherapy in repeated @entity463 recurrence.

title: Multiple microsurgical resections for repeated recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['typical GBM', 'glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma multiforme']


abstract: Ninety @entity1 with @entity0 refractory to @entity786 / @entity1487 / @entity1499 (CMF) have been randomized in their treatment, receiving either @entity632 or @entity2664 . Seventy-nine have received two full courses of therapy. Twelve of the 40 (30%) who initially received @entity632 responded, whereas eight of the 47 (17%) who received @entity2664 responded. These rates are not statistically different. The degree of myelosuppression was equivalent. @entity1 who received @entity2664 had less @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity1665 , and @entity1295 . Controllable clinical congestive @entity712 developed in seven @entity1 , and four others had a deterioration of noninvasive measures of cardiac function without clinical failure. One @entity1 with clinical @entity712 developing received only @entity632 and one, only @entity2664 , whereas the others received both agents. The duration of remission and time lapsed before disease progression were almost identical for the two regimens. This study included a crossover design. Two of 22 (10%) @entity1 receiving @entity632 and five of 24 (21%) receiving @entity2664 as secondary therapy responded. This suggests that there is not absolute cross-resistance between these agents. We conclude that the efficacy of these two drugs is comparable in @entity1 refractory to CMF, though the nonhematologic side effects of @entity2664 are less.

title: A comparison of @entity2664 and @entity632 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Abnormal expression of cadherins and catenins plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of multiple @entity1 @entity5 . This study aimed to evaluate the immunoreactivity of E- and P-cadherin, @entity3546 , and @entity8780 in premalignant and malignant endometrial lesions and to correlate their membranous expression with clinicopathological features. In addition, we examined whether or not LOH and promoter hypermethylation of the @entity5962 gene were associated with @entity5962 expression and clinicopathological variables. Finally, we studied the frequency of @entity3546 mutations in premalignant endometrial lesions. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 21 atypical @entity1869 (AEHs), 95 @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ), and 33 @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ). Reduced @entity5962 expression was observed in 57.8% of the cases, being more frequent in @entity4348 (87.1%, p = 0.001) and @entity189 of more advanced stage (85.7% of @entity5 , p = 0.01). LOH of @entity5962 gene was found in 57.1% of @entity4348 but only in 22.5% of @entity4348 (p = 0.011) and showed a trend towards association with reduced @entity5962 expression (p = 0.089). @entity5962 promoter hypermethylation was found in 21.2% of @entity1204 but was not associated with clinicopathological or immunohistochemical variables. Reduced expression of @entity3546 and @entity8780 was found in 76.1%, 94.3%, and 63.6% of the cases, respectively, being more frequent in lesions with reduced @entity5962 expression. In addition, @entity3546 , but not gamma-catenin or @entity8780 expression, was associated with the histology of the lesion, since it was reduced in 35% of AEHs, 80.3% of @entity4348 , and 96.9% of @entity4348 (p = 0.000). Mutations in exon 3 of the @entity3546 gene, associated with @entity3546 nuclear expression, were detected in 3 (14.0%) AEH, a frequency similar to that previously reported in this series of ECs. Finally, upregulation of P-cadherin was observed in 28.6% of cases. This alteration was associated with the histology of the lesion, since it was found in 9.5% of AEHs, 27.7% of @entity4348 , and 46.2% of @entity4348 (p = 0.021).

title: Abnormalities of E- and P-cadherin and catenin (beta-, gamma-catenin, and @entity8780 ) expression in XXXX and @entity1869 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'stage III-IV carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3546 :: ('1499', 'Gene') :: ['beta-catenin', 'beta- and gamma-catenin']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['NEECs', 'non-endometrioid carcinomas', 'EECs', 'endometrioid carcinomas']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is still unclear what initiates @entity384 and what determines whether or not an @entity439 will continue to expand and @entity397 . Early detection and operative repair of an @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) still remains the only effective means of reducing the high mortality rate associated with the condition. Endovascular techniques are being developed in an attempt to reduce the mortality rate associated with elective repair. A variety of animal models and experimental techniques have been described in the investigation of the pathophysiology of @entity1028 and in the development of improved endovascular surgical and pharmacological therapies. This article discusses these models and techniques, their advantages and some of the problems encountered in extrapolating experimental findings to the @entity1 condition. METHODS: This review is based on a search of the Medline database from 1966 to March 1998 using recognized key words and text words. A further search was then conducted on references quoted within selected relevant publications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Treatment of rodent aortas with intraluminal elastase or periaortic @entity12374 creates reproducible @entity439 that have certain similarities to the @entity1 pathology; such @entity439 have been favoured in the investigation of the pathophysiology of @entity439 expansion. However, these models lack several of the prominent features of the @entity1 lesion, such as @entity731 and intraluminal @entity715 . The development of gene knockout @entity19 may lead to a more analogous @entity439 formation, with associated @entity731 . Many large animal models have been used in the development of endovascular techniques but, in general, these do not mimic the @entity1 pathophysiology and fail to predict medium- and long-term complications.

title: Experimental techniques and models in the study of the development and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy has been accepted as an effective and safe method to treat @entity263 . The aim of this study was to describe acute @entity137 following @entity1168 brachytherapy to the prostate, and to examine the association between dosimetric parameters and urinary @entity137 in @entity263 @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity263 were given @entity1168 brachytherapy as monotherapy in two 12.5 Gy fractions. Planning objectives for the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) were V100% >=  90% and V150%  <= 35%. Planning objectives for organs at risk were V75%  <= 1 cc for the bladder, rectum and perineum, and V125%  <= 1 cc for the urethra. @entity137 was assessed three months after treatment using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 were included in the analysis. Thirty-three @entity1 (45%) reported having any type of @entity137 in the three months following @entity1168 brachytherapy. Most @entity137 cases (26%) were grade 1 urinary @entity137 . Mean coverage index was 0.89 and mean V100 was 88.85. Doses administered to the urethra were associated with urinary @entity137 . @entity1 who received more than 111.3% of the prescribed dose in 1 cc of the urethra were four times more likely to have urinary @entity137 compared to @entity1 receiving less than 111.3% (OR = 4.71, 95% CI: 1.43-15.6; p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1168 brachytherapy administered as monotherapy for @entity263 proved to be a safe alternative treatment for @entity1 with @entity263 . Urinary @entity137 was associated with the dose administered to 1 cc and 0.1 cc of the urethra and was remarkably inferior to the reported @entity137 in similar studies.

title: @entity1168 brachytherapy delivered in two fractions as monotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'low-risk prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'High-dose-rate']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['low-risk prostate cancer']


abstract: Upon activation, basophilic granulocytes release inflammatory mediators such as @entity112 . We studied @entity112 release of @entity1 basophils (64.1 +/- 9.6% pure) after cross-linking of membrane-bound IgE via anti-IgE, or after binding of the chemoattractant @entity5037 ( @entity5038 ). A variability in the extent of @entity112 release upon stimulation by either anti-IgE or @entity5038 was found between donors. Kinetic studies revealed that the @entity112 release induced by anti-IgE (t1/2 greater than 240 s) was more than 20-fold slower than the almost instantaneous release upon stimulation with @entity5038 (t1/2 less than 10 s). Differences in the cell activation pathways triggered by these stimuli were further analyzed with @entity866 , an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) and with @entity2307 , an inhibitor of a PKC-independent pathway. Inhibition of PKC resulted in a partial inhibition of the anti-IgE-induced release, whereas the @entity5038 -induced release was slightly potentiated. The anti-IgE-induced release was completely inhibited in the presence of @entity2307 . This inhibitor too, had no effect on the @entity5038 -induced release. We conclude that major differences exist in the signal-response coupling between the anti-IgE and @entity5038 -induced @entity112 release in @entity1 basophils. The so-called releasability of @entity1 basophils may be due to the availability of different cell activation pathways.

title: Differential activation of @entity1 basophils by anti-IgE and XXXX . Indications for protein kinase C-dependent and -independent activation pathways.

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity5037 :: (MESH:D009240,Chemical) :: ['formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity2936 - @entity11603 interactions on HUVEC can trigger @entity2247 synthesis as well as @entity1421 and PGI2 secretion in vitro and explore whether the @entity2936 -triggered prostanoids provide costimulatory signals for @entity650 secretion in this cell type. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2247 protein expression was examined in HUVEC using Western blot analysis. ELISAs were employed to assess @entity1421 , PGI2 and @entity650 synthesis. RESULTS: We found that @entity2247 expression is upregulated when HUVEC are cultured with @entity11603 + @entity1 cells but not @entity11603 - B2.7 cells. This effect was specifically inhibited by anti- @entity11603 mAb, and was amplified by the presence of @entity379 . Analysis of cell supernatants showed a concomitant rise in @entity1421 and PGI2 secretion triggered by @entity11603 + @entity1 cells, or rsCD154. Use of selective ( @entity8228 ) and non-selective ( @entity5018 ) @entity2247 inhibitors effectively inhibited prostanoid synthesis triggered by @entity2936 ligation. Reduction in prostanoid levels by @entity8228 was accompanied by a reduction in @entity650 secretion levels triggered by @entity2936 ligation. Furthermore, exogenously added @entity1421 triggered a dose-dependent @entity650 secretion, which was unaffected by @entity8228 . CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that @entity2936 ligation upregulates HUVEC @entity2247 expression and function. Moreover, the data strongly suggest that @entity11603 -induced @entity650 secretion in HUVEC is dependent on @entity2247 activity.

title: @entity2936 ligation triggers XXXX expression in endothelial cells: evidence that @entity2936 -mediated @entity650 synthesis is @entity2247 -dependent.

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse how hospital factors influence the use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 and address the clinical consequences of hospital variation in OAC use. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: By linkage of nationwide Danish administrative registers we conducted an observational study including all @entity1 with a first-time hospitalization for @entity955 between 1995 and 2004 as well as prescription claims for OAC. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate hospital factors associated with prescription of OAC therapy. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to estimate the risk of re-hospitalization for @entity1031 and @entity548 with respect to discharge from a low, intermediate, or high OAC use hospital. RESULTS: Overall 40,133 (37%) out of 108,504 @entity1 received OAC; ranging from 17% to 50% between the hospitals with the lowest and highest OAC use, respectively. Cardiology departments had the highest use of OAC, but neither tertiary university hospitals nor high volume hospitals had higher OAC use than local community hospitals and low volume hospitals. Risk of a @entity1031 event was significantly increased amongst @entity1 from hospitals with a low OAC use (hazard ratio 1.16, confidence interval 1.10-1.22). Notably, higher OAC use was not associated with a higher risk of @entity548 . CONCLUSION: In Denmark between 1995 and 2004, there was a major hospital variation in @entity955 @entity1 receiving OAC, and consequently, more @entity1031 events were observed amongst @entity1 from low OAC use hospitals. Our study emphasizes the need for a continued vigilance on implementation of international @entity955 management guidelines.

title: Clinical consequences of hospital variation in use of oral anticoagulant therapy after first-time admission for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gene transfer into the amniotic fluid using recombinant adenovirus vectors was shown previously to result in high efficiency transfer of transgenes into the lungs and intestines. Adenovirus mediated in utero gene therapy, however, resulted in expression of the transgene for less than 30 days. Recombinant adenovirus associated viruses (rAAV) have the advantage of maintaining the viral genome in daughter cells thus providing for long-term expression of transgenes. METHODS: Recombinant @entity4700 carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) was introduced into the amniotic sac of fetal rodents and nonhuman primates. Transgene maintenance and expression was monitor. RESULTS: Gene transfer resulted in rapid uptake and long-term gene expression in @entity19 , @entity35 , and non- @entity1 primates. Expression and secretion of the reporter gene, GFP, was readily demonstrated within 72 hours post-therapy. In long-term studies in @entity35 and nonhuman primates, maintenance of GFP DNA, protein expression, and reporter gene secretion was documented for over one year. CONCLUSIONS: Because only multipotential stem cells are present at the time of therapy, these data demonstrated that in utero gene transfer with @entity4700 into stem cells resulted in long-term systemic expression of active transgene roducts. Thus, in utero gene transfer via the amniotic fluid may be useful in treatment of gene disorders.

title: In utero recombinant adeno-associated virus gene transfer in XXXX , @entity35 , and primates.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of chromopertubation following laparoscopic sterilization in terms of occlusive device displacement, infectious complications, and sterilization failures. METHODS: Five hundred consecutive @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic sterilization were randomized to rings, electrocoagulation, or clips for @entity432 . Subjects were further randomized to chromopertubation or no chromopertubation. At chromopertubation, any occlusive device @entity572 was noted. @entity1 were followed postoperatively for sterilization failure or infectious complications. Statistical analysis used the chi 2 test. RESULTS: At chromopertubation, no device dislodgment, change in position, or dye spillage from the occlusion site was noted. Dye spillage from the end of the fallopian tube occurred in five @entity1 , and immediate repeat @entity432 was performed. Six true sterilization failures occurred during the follow-up period. Despite elimination of five apparent failures in the chromopertubation group, there was no significant difference between the no-chromopertubation and chromopertubation groups with regard to failure rate. There were also no significant differences in postoperative wound @entity281 or development of @entity4134 . CONCLUSION: Chromopertubation at sterilization is associated with minimal complications but has limited value in eliminating sterilization failures.

title: Chromopertubation at laparoscopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['displacement or dye spillage']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['tubal occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['tubal occlusion']