abstract: Resection specimens from 145 @entity1 with primary B-cell @entity6595 at stage IE (n = 88) and at stage IIE (n = 57) were investigated. Histologically, low-grade malignant @entity1892 arising from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, including immunocytoma (n = 71), could be distinguished from high-grade malignant @entity1892 with (n = 25) and without (n = 49) evidence of a low-grade component. The very rare low-grade @entity1892 of centroblastic-centrocytic, centrocytic, and plasmacytic type were not considered. All @entity1 had undergone primary gastric resection, and 65 received additional chemotherapy (n = 33), radiotherapy (n = 22), or both (n = 10). Actuarial overall survival rates calculated by the Kaplan-Meier life-table method were 76% after 5 years and 58% after 10 years. According to the Mantel test and a multivariate analysis using the Cox regression method, @entity1 at stage IE had a significantly better survival probability than those at stage IIE (P less than 0.0001); 5-year survival rates were 87% and 61%, respectively. The survival probability for low-grade @entity706 was significantly better than for @entity5 with secondary high-grade transformation (P less than 0.05) or for primary @entity1893 (P less than 0.0001), whereas the two high-grade groups were not significantly different. Five-year survival rates were 91% for low-grade, 73% for secondary high-grade, and 56% for primary high-grade @entity706 . Retrospectively, no significantly different survival rates were found between @entity1 who had undergone gastric resection alone and @entity1 who had received additional treatment. However, survival analyses showed that classification and grading according to the histopathological concept of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-derived @entity6595 into low-grade @entity1892 of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type and high-grade @entity1892 with or without evidence of a low-grade component has great prognostic relevance.

title: Primary B-cell @entity6595 : a clinicopathological study of 145 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphomas', 'gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade lymphomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A fatal incident was reported when a mechanical ventilated @entity1 received nebulization of a reconstituted Relenza(  ) formulation. We propose a delivery system to introduce Relenza and other inhalation dry powders to intubated @entity1 to avoid accidental fatalities in the future. METHODS: This is a bench study demonstrating the feasibility of a delivery system to introduce dry powder of Relenza to intubated @entity1 . A dry powder inhaler placed within a delivery chamber was actuated by compressing a ventilation bag to disperse powder into a tracheal tube. The performance of two inhalers, a Diskhaler(  ) and an Osmohaler(   ), were compared. The effects of the length and size of the tracheal tube on the powder output and sizing of emitted powder were investigated using the more efficient Osmohaler(   ). RESULTS: The efficiency of Osmohaler in delivering Relenza to the distal end [delivered dose=30.2  0.2% and @entity400 ( @entity400 )=14.5  1.7%] was significantly higher than the Diskhaler (delivered dose=18.1  4.7% and @entity400 =3.4  2.1%). While no differences in the delivered dose and @entity400 were observed between the tracheostomy and endotracheal tubes of the same internal diameter, a larger endotracheal tube (9.0   mm internal diameter) gave a 6% higher @entity400 compared with the smaller counterpart (7.0   mm internal diameter). CONCLUSION: The dry powder delivery system has been demonstrated to be capable of delivering Relenza formulation to the distal end of tracheal tubes with a reasonable delivered dose and @entity400 . It would be necessary for further investigation into incorporating the proposed powder delivery system within a mechanical ventilator, as well as animal and clinical studies to prove its applicability to deliver @entity685 dry powder to ventilated @entity683 @entity1 in the intensive care setting.

title: A Proof-of-Principle Setup for Delivery of Relenza(  ) ( @entity685 ) Inhalation Powder to Intubated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['FPF', 'fine particle fraction']

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['zanamivir']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity3469 (AM) is a multifunctional peptide in @entity1 @entity1911 . To evaluate whether AM could be an angiogenic factor, we examined its effect on kinases and angiogenic processes. AM induced @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity584 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ @entity3962 ( @entity1366 ) by using distinct signaling pathways in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). AM also phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase, and @entity4357 3'-kinase inhibitor inhibited AM-induced focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation. Pretreatment with high concentrations of @entity63673 , a putative AM receptor antagonist, partially suppressed AM-induced phosphorylation of @entity584 , @entity1366 , and focal adhesion kinase. AM and @entity7 produced increases in DNA synthesis and migration in HUVECs. AM induced tube formation in HUVECs, and its effect was inhibited by pretreatment with @entity4357 3'-kinase inhibitor or @entity1366 inhibitor. AM induced sprouting in porcine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and promoted neovessel formation in a @entity19 Matrigel plug assay. Inhibitors of @entity4357 3'-kinase and @entity1366 inhibited AM-induced endothelial sprouting in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. AM exerts angiogenic activity through activation of @entity584 , MAPK, and focal adhesion kinase in endothelial cells.

title: Angiogenic role of adrenomedullin through activation of XXXX , mitogen-activated protein kinase, and focal adhesion kinase in endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity3469 :: ('MESH:D053607', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenomedullin']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11624 ( @entity11624 ) commonly results in decreased anesthetic efficacy of the @entity616 ( @entity616 ) for mandibular molar. It has been shown that @entity717 as well as premedication with @entity6058 result in improved efficacy of the @entity616 . METHODS: One hundred fifty emergency @entity1 who had their lower first or/and second  molar diagnosed with @entity11624 participated in the study. All @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 major @entity616 groups: 1 group received 4% @entity21456 with 1:100,000 @entity1425 , and the other group received 2% @entity3303 with 1:80,000 @entity1425 . Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups of 25 each: (1) buccal and lingual infiltration with @entity21456 and @entity3303 , respectively; (2) preoperative oral medication of @entity6058 ; and (3) preoperative oral medication of @entity6058 followed by buccal and lingual infiltration with @entity21456 and @entity3303 , respectively. Endodontic access was initiated 15  minutes after solution deposition, and all @entity1 were required to have profound lip numbness. Success of the anesthetic was defined as none or mild @entity158 on endodontic access and initial instrumentation. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was performed using multiple-comparison analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis) and t tests. @entity21456 @entity616 with infiltrations plus oral @entity6058 premedication significantly increased the success rate to 76%. The success rate after the administration of an @entity21456 @entity616 with infiltration injections was 64%, whereas with @entity3303 it was 32% (P  <  .05). CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with @entity6058 significantly increases the anesthetic efficacy of @entity21456 @entity616 plus infiltration in mandibular molars with @entity11624 .

title: Comparison of Preoperative Oral @entity6058 on Anesthetic Efficacy of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block and Buccal and Lingual Infiltration with @entity21456 and @entity3303 in XXXX with Irreversible @entity11624 : A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind Study.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity21456 :: ('MESH:D002355', 'Chemical') :: ['articaine', 'Articaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity11624 :: ('MESH:D011671', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'Irreversible pulpitis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['supplementary buccal and/or lingual infiltration']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['IANB', 'inferior alveolar nerve block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the clinical and pathological factors associated with the treatment and outcomes of @entity2167 . METHODOLOGY: A retrospective review of clinical and pathological analysis was performed on 23 @entity1 who were histologically diagnosed with @entity2167 and treated at Hamamatsu University hospital. We evaluated the clinical staging, treatment methods, pathological diagnosis ( @entity957 , @entity6461 ), and @entity1 outcomes. Main outcome measures include staging, treatment procedures, pathological features, and estimated survival rates. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival (OS) of study @entity1 was 75.2% and the 10-year OS was 60.2% using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognosis for @entity6461 was poor compared with other @entity189 (p= 0.0462). The prognoses for @entity6461 @entity1 after treatment with surgery alone and after postoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were significantly better than for @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0001, respectively). There was no significant difference among the four @entity5 stage groups. Information about @entity1 ' survival status was obtained after a median follow-up period of 57.5 months (range, 7-151 months). CONCLUSION: Our survival analysis data for @entity189 of the EAC demonstrates that @entity6461 and unresectable cases are associated with poor outcomes. Outcomes for @entity1 with operable disease more closely parallel the survival curves of @entity1 with advanced stage T4 disease. @entity1 with @entity6461 should be strictly categorized as cases with severe disease.

title: XXXX of the external auditory canal: histological and treatment groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['external auditory canal (EAC) carcinomas', 'EAC carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['particularly squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: Most of the cells possess complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) that protect them against complement-mediated damage. In our previous work we revealed that @entity1 articular chondrocytes express CPRs. Moreover, increase of CRPs expression after treatment of chondrocytes with proinflammatory cytokines @entity1356 and @entity310 has been demonstrated by ELISA technique. Chondroprotective cytokine @entity3646 stimulated expression of @entity806 only. In this work RT-PCR technique was used to evaluate the expression of mRNA of cell surface CPRs in cultured isolated articular @entity1 chondrocytes after treatment with @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity3646 . Chondrocytes stimulated with @entity1356 and @entity310 showed augmented levels of @entity806 , @entity9819 and @entity1009 mRNA. Treatment with @entity3646 , however, increased only the level of @entity806 mRNA. These results confirm and extend our previous observations. @entity3432 mRNA was not found. Expression of complement regulatory proteins on chondrocytes and its upregulation by cytokines stimulating matrix degradation could be important for the protection of these cells against complement-mediated lysis, which might be caused by immunocomplexes deposited in articular cartilage in @entity32 .

title: Effect of XXXX , @entity310 and @entity3646 on complement regulatory protein mRNA expression in @entity1 articular chondrocytes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory joint diseases']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['IL-1beta']


abstract: Red/near-infrared irradiation therapy (R/NIR-IT) delivered by laser or light-emitting diode (LED) has improved functional outcomes in a range of @entity130 . However, translation of R/NIR-IT to the clinic for treatment of neurotrauma has been hampered by lack of comparative information regarding the degree of penetration of the delivered irradiation to the injury site and the optimal treatment parameters for different @entity130 . We compared the treatment efficacy of R/NIR-IT at 670 nm and 830 nm, provided by narrow-band LED arrays adjusted to produce equal irradiance, in four in vivo @entity35 models of @entity130 : partial optic nerve transection, light-induced @entity2000 injury ( @entity131 ) and @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). The number of photons of 670 nm or 830 nm light reaching the @entity1566 injury site was 6.6% and 11.3% of emitted light respectively. Treatment of @entity35 with 670 nm R/NIR-IT following partial optic nerve transection significantly increased the number of visual responses at 7 days after injury (P  <= 0.05); 830 nm R/NIR-IT was partially effective. 670 nm R/NIR-IT also significantly reduced reactive species and both 670 nm and 830 nm R/NIR-IT reduced hydroxynonenal immunoreactivity (P  <= 0.05) in this model. Pre-treatment of light-induced @entity2000 with 670 nm R/NIR-IT significantly reduced the number of Tunel+ cells and @entity47433 immunoreactivity (P  <= 0.05); outcomes in 830 nm R/NIR-IT treated animals were not significantly different to controls. Treatment of fluid-percussion @entity131 with 670 nm or 830 nm R/NIR-IT did not result in improvements in motor or sensory function or lesion size at 7 days (P>0.05). Similarly, treatment of contusive @entity1566 with 670 nm or 830 nm R/NIR-IT did not result in significant improvements in functional recovery or reduced cyst size at 28 days (P>0.05). Outcomes from this comparative study indicate that it will be necessary to optimise delivery devices, wavelength, intensity and duration of R/NIR-IT individually for different CNS @entity130 .

title: Differential effects of 670 and 830 nm red near infrared irradiation therapy: a comparative study of optic nerve injury, @entity2000 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration, traumatic brain', 'retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity47433 :: ('MESH:C046215', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxyguanosine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['CNS injuries', 'injury types', 'CNS injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity29238 is a membrane-associated enzyme that has been demonstrated to be normally expressed in some @entity1 tissues, to be upregulated in some @entity5 , and to be a @entity519 -inducible gene product. In @entity19 , @entity35953 has been recently localized in the kidney. In the present study, we investigated @entity35953 gene and protein expression in other @entity19 tissues, with the kidney serving as a positive control for the reagents. The expression of @entity35953 mRNA was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of commercial cDNAs produced from selected @entity19 tissues. A strong positive signal for @entity35953 mRNA was detected in the kidney, and weak signals were obtained in the testis and lung. Heart, spleen, liver, and skeletal muscle were negative. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a @entity19 @entity35953 -specific antibody and @entity1885 -streptavidin complex method. The results showed high expression of @entity35953 in the kidney, as expected. It was also highly expressed in the surface epithelial cells of the colon, whereas it was absent in the stomach, proximal small intestine, pancreas, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle. The maturing sperm cells showed a weak staining in a pattern that most probably indicates expression in the developing acrosomal membrane. The high expression in the kidney and colon suggests a role for @entity35953 in the maintenance of body ion and pH homeostasis in the @entity19 . However, the present findings demonstrated that @entity35953 has a very limited distribution in @entity19 tissues outside these two organs.

title: Expression of @entity519 -inducible, membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase isozyme XII in XXXX tissues.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity29238 :: ('771', 'Gene') :: ['Carbonic anhydrase (CA) XII']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Problematic family dynamics are common among youth with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). Multiple mechanisms, including diathesis-stress (vulnerability) and differential susceptibility Gene  *  Environment interaction effects (G  *  E), have been proposed to account for this association. G  *  E effects for @entity71 were examined via interactions between a genetic marker hypothesized to influence sensitivity to the environment (the promoter polymorphism of the @entity750 transporter gene - @entity16068 ) and family conflict and cohesion in predicting @entity71 symptoms. There were 498 youth ages 6-17 years (251 @entity71 , 213 non- @entity71 ) and their parents who completed a multistage, multi-informant assessment (including parent and youth reports on the Family Environment Scale), and saliva sample collection for genotyping. Linear regression analyses examined interactions between @entity16068 genotype and the Family Environment Scale scales of conflict and cohesion reported by parent and @entity1 . Criteria laid out by Roisman et al. ( 2012 ) were applied to evaluate diathesis stress versus differential susceptibility G  *  E mechanisms. Results demonstrated interactions between @entity16068 genotype and both conflict and cohesion in predicting inattention but not hyperactivity-impulsivity. Both interactions were highly consistent with differential susceptibility models of G  *  E effects. @entity16068 genotype appeared to moderate the relationship between family conflict/cohesion and inattentive symptoms. Interactions highlight the role of @entity16068 genotype as a potential marker of environmental sensitivity and provide support for differential susceptibility models of G  *  E effects for @entity71 .

title: Does XXXX Genotype Moderate the Association of Family Environment With @entity1 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptomatology?

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity16068 :: (6532,Gene) :: ['5HTTLPR']


abstract: Management of late-stage @entity157 is difficult. A direct comparison of clinical data is needed in order to demonstrate the survival benefits of different therapies. We directly compared various therapies in a retrospective matched case-control study. A total of 79 @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 greater than 10  cm in size were included in the study between 2008 and 2012. Thirty-five @entity1 were treated with transarterial chemoembolization for local control, 20 were treated with @entity2857 systemic chemotherapy, and 24 received combination treatment. The total follow-up time after initial therapy was 4.5  years. Survival time after treatment was significantly longer in the combination therapy group (P   <   0.0001). The median survival times for combination, local control, and systemic chemotherapy were 15 (12-21), 10 (9-13), and 3.5 (2.5-9.0)   months (95  % confidence interval), respectively. The hazard ratios for local control and systemic chemotherapy were 1.985 and 5.102, respectively, with combination treatment as the reference. There was no observed difference in combination therapy from the side effects of the individual therapies. In conclusion, the limited availability of therapeutic options for @entity96 necessitates reliance on multidisciplinary personalized medicine approaches with target-specific medications to increase survival time. Combining individualized local control therapy and drugs that target specific disease markers provides more benefits to @entity1 .

title: Combination of individualized local control and target-specific agent to improve unresectable XXXX managements: a matched case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['late-stage liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity556 -induced aggregation of @entity1 platelets can be completely inhibited by @entity18422 , the bioactive form of @entity24772 , an oral direct @entity556 inhibitor. METHODS: The potential of @entity18422 to differentially inhibit alpha- and gamma-thrombins was tested with a synthetic @entity556 substrate. Washed @entity1 platelets were also employed to determine if @entity18422 differentially inhibited alpha- and gamma- @entity556 -induced @entity1423 at distinct platelet @entity556 receptors. In vitro studies were conducted with washed @entity1 platelets to determine @entity556 -induced aggregation responses in the presence of varying doses of the anti- @entity715 drugs: @entity18422 , argatroban, heparin, and hirudin. RESULTS: @entity18422 rapidly inhibits the hydrolysis of a @entity556 chromogenic substrate within 0-1 min with alpha-, beta- and gamma- @entity556 being equally inhibited by high dose @entity18422 while alpha- @entity556 was significantly more sensitive at low doses. The maximum level of @entity18422 inhibition of alpha- and gamma- @entity556 -induced @entity1423 requires platelets to be pre-incubated with the drug for 10-30 min. @entity18422 appears to have no direct effect on the @entity8781 receptor. It does appear to have a direct effect on the GPIbalpha @entity556 receptor activity as well as the @entity42689 receptor. Inhibition of @entity1423 is dose dependent, however, at low @entity18422 doses (0.01-0.04 nM) platelets aggregate at significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels. The lower the level of @entity556 -induced aggregation that was observed with control samples (aggregations from 10% to 39%), corresponded with a higher observed @entity18422 -induced stimulation with drug-treated platelets. The range of stimulation varies between several hundred percent at approximately 10% aggregation to around 20% at about 20-39% aggregation. Preliminary studies indicate that this in vitro stimulatory effect is abrogated in platelets derived from volunteers who took @entity117 (81 mg/day) for 7 days. Three other anti- @entity715 drugs, @entity20806 , heparin and hirudin, were tested with low drug levels but none were found to consistently stimulate the reaction. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity18422 acts as both a direct @entity556 inhibitor and indirectly by some interaction with the platelet membrane. While @entity18422 has been withdrawn from clinical use, its ability to differentially inhibit gamma- @entity556 / @entity42689 versus alpha- @entity556 / @entity8781 at low doses may warrant it, or less toxic analogs to be used in the future for as yet unknown disease states involving @entity42689 .

title: Effect of low and high dose @entity18422 and other antithrombotic drugs on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity20806 :: ('MESH:C031942', 'Chemical') :: ['argatroban']

entities_list: @entity18422 :: ('MESH:C109573', 'Chemical') :: ['Melagatran', 'melagatran']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity24772 :: ('MESH:C426686', 'Chemical') :: ['ximelagatran']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: Metabolic responses to @entity3409 (Cd) may be associated with variations in Cd tolerance in plants. The objectives of this study were to examine changes in metabolic profiles in bermudagrass in response to Cd stress and to identify predominant metabolites associated with differential Cd tolerance using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two genotypes of bermudagrass with contrasting Cd tolerance were exposed to 0 and 1.5 mM @entity24733 for 14 days in hydroponics. Physiological responses to Cd were evaluated by determining turf quality, growth rate, @entity38 content and normalized relative transpiration. All these parameters exhibited higher tolerance in WB242 than in WB144. Cd treated WB144 transported more Cd to the shoot than in WB242. The metabolite analysis of leaf polar extracts revealed 39 Cd responsive metabolites in both genotypes, mainly consisting of @entity1522 , organic acids, @entity3363 , @entity1718 and others. A difference in the metabolic profiles was observed between the two bermudagrass genotypes exposed to Cd stress. Seven @entity1522 ( @entity2684 , @entity2228 , @entity1521 , @entity563 , @entity1889 , @entity367 and @entity62153 ), four organic acids ( @entity63649 , @entity65286 , @entity1792 and @entity5910 ,) and three @entity3363 (xylulose, @entity3649 and @entity65287 ) accumulated more in WB242 than WB144. However, compared to the control, WB144 accumulated higher quantities of @entity3363 than WB242 in the Cd regime. The differential accumulation of these metabolites could be associated with the differential Cd tolerance in bermudagrass.

title: Effects of XXXX Exposure on Growth and Metabolic Profile of Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers].

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2684 :: ('CHEBI:19475', 'Chemical') :: ['norvaline']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity62153 :: ('MESH:C015252', 'Chemical') :: ['gulonic acid']

entities_list: @entity63649 :: ('MESH:C042971', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceric acid']

entities_list: @entity65286 :: ('CHEBI:30915', 'Chemical') :: ['oxoglutaric acid']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity5910 :: ('MESH:C030298', 'Chemical') :: ['malic acid']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['Cadmium']


abstract: Samples of faeces and feed were collected from grower and finisher @entity1707 kept on 25 commercial breeder-finisher units in the West-Midlands region of England. Faecal samples were examined for parasite eggs (Ascaris suis, Trichuris suum and strongylid species) using faecal flotation; and for @entity18375 bacteria using the polymerase chain reaction. Feed samples were subjected to proximate analysis for energy, protein and fibre content and enzymic colorimetry for levels of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). Characteristics relating to housing, feeding and dung disposal systems and husbandry practices were recorded for each farm and assessed for their association with the presence of parasites and @entity18375 at the herd level. Ascaris eggs were identified in 8% of herds, Trichuris eggs in 20% of herds and in strongylid eggs (Oesophogostomum and/or Hyostrongylus) in 44% of herds. @entity18375 was detected in 15% of herds investigated. Herds positive for Trichuris and Ascaris had significantly lower levels of digestible energy and higher levels of neutral detergent fibre, total and insoluble NSPs in their diets than negative herds (p < 0.05). Housing weaners on slatted floors was associated with a significant decreased risk of parasite @entity281 in grower-finishers (odds ratio = 0.09, p = 0.04) compared to housing on solid floors. The use of grower diets high in NSPs was associated with an increased risk of @entity281 (odds ratio = 27.6, p = 0.007). There was also an association at the herd level between @entity281 with @entity18375 and the presence of Trichuris eggs (odds ratio = 17.43, p = 0.069). It is concluded that control of dietary fibre intake (NSPs in particular) for growers and environmental hygiene (dung removal) for weaners appear to be the most important factors controlling parasite @entity281 in grower-finisher @entity1707 in the UK at present. The current move towards more straw based systems is thus likely to exacerbate the influence of these factors and is likely to result in @entity281 in grower-finisher @entity1707 in the UK.

title: Interactions between dietary fibre, endo-parasites and XXXX bacteria in grower-finisher @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['increased parasite infection', 'infection', 'Trichuris infection']

entities_list: @entity18375 :: ('29546', 'Species') :: ['Lawsonia intracellularis', 'L. intracellularis']

answer: @entity18375 :: (29546,Species) :: ['Lawsonia intracellularis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was initiated to test the feasibility and @entity137 of a regimen that alternates the administration of weekly @entity3003 and @entity1891 with @entity2903 in the management of @entity1 with progressive and/or symptomatic @entity11 . METHODS: Eligible @entity1 received a 10-week induction regimen followed by six 10-week cycles of maintenance chemotherapy. Feasibility was evaluated with short-term and long-term endpoints. Short-term feasibility was evaluated by the ability to complete induction and 1 maintenance cycle in 24 weeks without >25% reduction in either @entity3003 or @entity2903 . Long-term feasibility was evaluated by the ability to administer induction and 4 maintenance cycles within 60 weeks without >25% reduction in either @entity3003 or @entity2903 . Efficacy was assessed by response to initial chemotherapy and 5-year event-free survival. Initial pathology was reviewed centrally. RESULTS: Sixty-six @entity1 were enrolled on the study. It was feasible to deliver the regimen, and @entity137 was acceptable. The only significant @entity137 were hematologic. Both the short-term and long-term feasibility endpoints were met. The short-term feasibility success rate was 87% (95% CI: 77%-96%) and the long-term feasibility success rate was 79% (95% CI: 68%-90%). The 5-year event-free survival was 46% (95% CI: 33%-58%) and the 5-year survival was 87% (95% CI: 75%-93%). CONCLUSION: It was feasible to deliver the combination of weekly @entity3003 and @entity1891 alternating with @entity2903 to @entity1 with progressive/symptomatic @entity11 with acceptable @entity137 . This combination appears to be effective in delaying progression. Further trials are needed to establish the relative efficacy of this regimen compared with other regimens in use.

title: A pilot study using @entity3003 , @entity1891 , and @entity2903 in @entity1 with progressive/symptomatic @entity11 : a XXXX 's Oncology Group study    .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: To maintain reliable signal transmission across a synapse, free synaptic neurotransmitters must be removed from the cleft in a timely manner. In the first visual synapse, this critical task is mainly undertaken by @entity3264 transporters (EAATs). Here we study the differential roles of the @entity25842 , @entity15368 and @entity65128 subtypes in @entity3264 ( @entity367 ) uptake at the photoreceptor-to-depolarizing bipolar cell synapse in intact dark-adapted retina. Various doses of EAAT blockers and/or @entity367 were injected into the eye before the electroretinogram (ERG) was measured. Their effectiveness and potency in inhibiting the ERG b-wave were studied to determine their relative contributions to the @entity367 clearing activity at the synapse. The results showed that @entity25842 and @entity15368 plays different roles. Selectively blocking glial @entity25842 alone using @entity65129 inhibited the b-wave 2-24h following injection, suggesting a dominating role of @entity25842 in the overall @entity367 clearing capacity in the synaptic cleft. Selectively blocking @entity15368 on photoreceptor terminals had no significant effect on the b-wave, but increased the potency of exogenous @entity367 in inhibiting the b-wave. These suggest that @entity15368 play a secondary yet significant role in the @entity367 reuptake activity at the rod and the cone output synapses. Additionally, we have verified our electrophysiological findings with double-label immunohistochemistry, and extend the literature on the spatial distribution of @entity15368 splice variants in the @entity19 retina.

title: Pharmacological inhibitions of @entity3264 transporters @entity25842 and @entity15368 compromise XXXX transport in photoreceptor to ON-bipolar cell synapses.

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 gut microbiome is associated with the development of @entity694 , and recent studies have found changes in the microbiome in @entity5 @entity1 compared to healthy controls. Studying the microbial communities in the @entity5 microenvironment may shed light on the role of host-bacteria interactions in @entity14 . Here, we highlight the major shifts in the @entity14 microbiome relative to that of matched normal colon tissue from the same individual, allowing us to survey the microbial communities in the @entity5 microenvironment and providing intrinsic control for environmental and host genetic effects on the microbiome. METHODS: We sequenced the microbiome in 44 primary @entity5 and 44 @entity1 -matched normal colon tissue samples to determine differentially abundant microbial taxa These data were also used to functionally characterize the microbiome of the @entity5 and normal sample pairs and identify functional pathways enriched in the @entity5 -associated microbiota. RESULTS: We find that @entity5 harbor distinct microbial communities compared to nearby healthy tissue. Our results show increased microbial diversity in the @entity5 microenvironment, with changes in the abundances of commensal and pathogenic bacterial taxa, including Fusobacterium and Providencia. While Fusobacterium has previously been implicated in @entity14 , Providencia is a novel @entity5 -associated agent which has not been identified in previous studies. Additionally, we identified a clear, significant enrichment of predicted virulence-associated genes in the @entity14 microenvironment, likely dependent upon the genomes of Fusobacterium and Providencia. CONCLUSIONS: This work identifies @entity2348 with @entity14 , including a novel finding of an elevated abundance of Providencia in the @entity5 microenvironment. We also describe the predicted metabolic pathways and enzymes differentially present in the @entity5 -associated microbiome, and show an enrichment of virulence-associated bacterial genes in the @entity5 microenvironment. This predicted virulence enrichment supports the hypothesis that the microbiome plays an active role in @entity14 development and/or progression. Our results provide a starting point for future prognostic and therapeutic research with the potential to improve @entity1 outcomes.

title: Virulence genes are a signature of the microbiome in the XXXX microenvironment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial taxa significantly correlated']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumor', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumor']


abstract: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening was carried out in 10 @entity1 with @entity75 , and the MRI findings were evaluated following the barrier opening. An intra-arterial injection of 10% @entity653 (4 ml/kg, 1 approximately 2 ml/s) was given as a hyperosmotic solution. T2-weighted MRI was undertaken using a TOSHIBA 22A at 30 minutes after BBB opening. Barrier-opening MRI was performed 10 times in 10 @entity1 , including 5 cases of @entity463 multiforme, 2 cases of @entity816 , 1 case of @entity706 , 1 case of @entity131 and 1 case of @entity808 . The high-intensity area (HIA) was compared with that in MRI without barrier opening. Three types of changes of HIA in MRI were observed after BBB opening as follows. Type 1: Expansion of the HIA was noted in 4 of 5 cases of @entity463 multiforme, the 1 case of @entity706 and the 1 case of @entity131 . Type 2: Almost no change was observed in the 1 case of neuronoma. Type 3: A decrease in HIA was noted in the 2 cases of @entity816 and in 1 case of @entity463 multiforme. The MRI following BBB opening evidently showed 3 types of changes according to the degree of BBB disruption. @entity463 multiforme or contusion with a severely disrupted BBB revealed an increase in HIA following barrier opening. Benign posterior fossa @entity808 showed no change in HIA after barrier opening. Moderate @entity5 exhibited a decrease in HIA on barrier-opening MRI. It was concluded that @entity5 have a severely damaged BBB, which is readily disrupted by osmotic barrier opening.

title: Effect of barrier opening on brain edema in XXXX brain tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral contusion']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: SETTING: A tertiary referral centre in South Korea. OBJECTIVE: To compare the completion rates and adverse drug reactions of three latent @entity281 (LTBI) treatment regimens for patients receiving anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor (anti- @entity310 ) therapy. DESIGN: A total of 408 @entity1 were diagnosed with LTBI before receiving anti- @entity310 therapy between December 2004 and December 2013. Nine months of @entity3109 (9H), 4 months of @entity1215 (4H) or 3 months of @entity3109 / @entity1215 (3HR) were prescribed. The results were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean age of the 408 study subjects was 44 years; 258 (63.2%) were male. The 9H, 4R and 3HR treatment regimens were given to respectively 61 (15.0%), 139 (34.1%) and 208 (51.0%) @entity1 . A total of 362 (88.7%) @entity1 completed the treatment. The treatment completion rate was highest in @entity1 receiving 3HR (94.2%). Of the 408 @entity1 , 54 (13.2%) had one or more adverse drug reactions; their frequency was similar in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients receiving anti- @entity310 therapy, 3HR seems to be the most acceptable treatment regimen for LTBI, given its high completion rate and acceptable rate of adverse drug reactions.

title: Comparison of LTBI treatment regimens for patients receiving anti- XXXX @entity39 factor therapy.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous infection']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Background. We investigated the prevalence, symptoms, and QOL impact of esophageal (EI), gastric (GI), and @entity3137 ( @entity3137 ) individually between low-dose @entity117 (LDA) users and nonusers to reveal the clinical features of LDA-related @entity3137 . Methods. Data were extracted from the records of subjects who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at our department between April 2008 and December 2013. Responses from 3162 elderly @entity1 on Frequency Scale for Symptoms of @entity354 (FSSG) and SF-8 QOL questionnaires (SF-8) were analyzed. FSSG items were classified into total score (TS), reflux score (RS), and @entity2210 score (DS). The SF-8 questionnaire consisted of the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). Results. Prevalence among LDA users and nonusers, respectively, was 9.6% and 10.0% (P = 0.83) for EI, 35.9% and 27.5% (P = 0.0027) for GI, 3.3% and 3.4% (P = 0.84) for @entity3137 , and 8.2% and 5.2% (P = 0.036) for @entity3137 in 2 or more organs. LDA users diagnosed with EI had significantly lower PCS, LDA users diagnosed with GI had significantly lower DS, and LDA users diagnosed with @entity3137 had significantly lower RS and significantly lower MCS. Conclusion. These results provide important clinical information indicating that symptom-based management is not appropriate in LDA users regarding upper @entity344 .

title: Upper XXXX and symptoms in elderly low-dose @entity117 users.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'mucosal injury', 'duodenal mucosal injury']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal mucosal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5899 is an effective antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. This retrospective study evaluated the risk factors of @entity5899 nonsusceptibility (SNS) in monomicrobial @entity2259 and its related outcome. METHODS: This 9-year retrospective study included 267 @entity1 who were admitted to a large teaching hospital in Taiwan with monomicrobial A. nosocomialis @entity2259 . A. nosocomialis was identified to the species level using molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by the agar dilution method. To identify the risk factors of acquiring resistant strains, significant clinical variables derived from univariate analysis were entered into multivariate analysis. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify blaTEM. Clonality was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: A total of 41 of the 267 @entity1 (15.4%) had SNS A. nosocomialis @entity2259 . Compared to those with susceptible strains, these @entity1 had higher 14-day mortality (17.1% vs. 7.5%, p  =  0.049), were more likely to have higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, were more frequently admitted to the intensive care unit, and had previously received broad-spectrum antibiotics and underwent invasive procedures. In multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors were high APACHE II score and prior use of arterial line [odds ratio (OR), 1.048; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.007-1.091; p  =  0.022 and OR, 2.936; 95% CI, 1.339-6.441; p  =  0.007, respectively]. No outbreak was identified and SNS isolates did not harbor blaTEM. CONCLUSION: For monomicrobial A. nosocomialis @entity2259 , the mortality of @entity1 with SNS strains was higher. The SNS strains are more commonly recovered from @entity1 with higher APACHE score and receiving more invasive procedures, especially arterial line.

title: Risk factors and clinical outcome of XXXX nonsusceptibility in monomicrobial @entity2259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulbactam', 'sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['Acinetobacter nosocomialis bacteremia', 'bacteremia']

answer: @entity5899 :: (MESH:D013407,Chemical) :: ['sulbactam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals diagnosed as having primary @entity16 have a high incidence of abnormal speech and language development. However, results in cohorts where this group are excluded are controversial. With no coexisting @entity16 , some suggested that tracheostomy has little influence on speech development, whilst others showed a clear pattern of @entity717 . The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of tracheostomy on speech and language development. METHOD: Retrospective study using standardised outcome measures. RESULTS: A series of 39 paediatric tracheostomies was studied. In the group where @entity1 had @entity16 , 94% showed no language or delayed language development. In contrast, of the group of @entity1 without a @entity16 , 60.9% had normal speech and language development. The median age at the decannulation in those @entity1 with delayed speech was 23 months, whilst in those @entity1 with normal speech it was 14.5 months. CONCLUSION: Tracheostomy affects speech and language development in those with and without @entity16 . Crucial factors affecting speech and language development within the neurologically normal group are age at the tracheostomy, and the duration of the tracheostomy until decannulation. Achieving earliest decannulation improves the chance of a normal speech and language development.

title: The influence of long-term tracheostomy on speech and language development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['language disability']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neurological disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aquagenic @entity709 (APPK) is characterised by whitish oedematous papules, sometimes itchy or @entity158 of rapid onset following immersion of the palms and/or soles in water. We report a case that was atypical in terms of the secondary appearance of persistent fine desquamation. @entity1 AND METHODS: A 6-year-old @entity1 presented with typical APPK, present for three months and characterised by swelling, skin wrinkling, @entity1119 and secondary desquamation of the palms and soles, and which occurred after bathing. The @entity1 had been treated with @entity5713 , @entity4446 and oral @entity288 for Langerhans cell histiocytosis ongoing for six months. Physical examination revealed persistent fine desquamation of the palms and soles, occurring some time after immersion in water. There was no mutation of the @entity5174 gene. No similar cases could be found in the pharmacovigilance database. Topical therapy with an emollient provided some relief. Symptoms had @entity1625 resolved two months after discontinuation of chemotherapy and oral @entity288 . DISCUSSION: Cases of unilateral palmar damage involving unusual sites have been reported. Neither secondary desquamation nor association with Langerhans cell histiocytosis have been described. @entity1119 and association with 1  or 2  @entity5174 mutations appear to constitute predisposing factors. There are cases of APPK related to anti-inflammatory intake. In view of the clinical course, an iatrogenic origin cannot be excluded in this case. CONCLUSION: Persistent fine @entity709 may be a manifestation of APPK.

title: [Aquagenic XXXX during treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['partially']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar desquamation', 'palmoplantar keratoderma']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity709 :: (MESH:D007645,Disease) :: ['palmoplantar keratoderma']


abstract: @entity4751 ( @entity4751 ) is a common fatal disease in aging F344 @entity35 . The current understanding of @entity35 @entity4751 and a search for mechanistic data/correlations to @entity1 @entity1778 were examined with the goal of improving evaluation of the @entity4751 endpoint in @entity5 bioassays as it relates to @entity1 @entity5 risk assessments. The exact cell of origin of the F344 @entity35 @entity4751 is not fully resolved, although natural killer (NK) cell characteristics were demonstrated in most, if not all cases. Similarities between @entity35 @entity4751 and a rare @entity1 NK- @entity4751 exist, invalidating claims of no @entity1 counterpart, although the underlying etiopathogenesis may be different. There is insufficient data to establish a mode of action of chemical-induced @entity35 @entity4751 . Evaluation of the National Toxicology Program database revealed only 34 substances (out of over 500 studied) that were possibly associated with increased incidences of @entity4751 . Of these, only five produced definitive @entity4751 effects in both sexes; the remaining 29 produced single sex responses and/or only "equivocal" associations with @entity4751 . Trends of increasing background/variability in @entity4751 incidence and its modulation by extraneous factors (e.g., @entity4336 oil gavage) are key confounders in interpretation. Given that @entity4751 is a common @entity5 in control F344 @entity35 , interpretations of bioassays can be improved by increasing the statistical stringency (e.g., p<0.01 over traditional p<0.05), as an indicator of possible carcinogenic effects, but that alone would be insufficient evidence for declaring treatment-related increases. Thus, it was concluded that the evaluation of possible chemically related increases in @entity35 @entity4751 utilize a "weight-of-evidence" approach.

title: A review of large granular lymphocytic leukemia in Fischer 344 @entity35 as an initial step toward evaluating the implication of the endpoint to @entity1 XXXX risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4751 :: ('MESH:D054066', 'Disease') :: ['Large granular lymphocyte leukemia', 'LGLL']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we verified the hypothesis that TEAS can alleviate @entity1937 -induced @entity1931 in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy. METHODS: 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) I-IIpatients, aged 18-60 year, scheduled for thyroidectomy were randomly allocated to TEAS or sham groups. TEAS consisted of 30 min of stimulation (6-9 mA, 2/10 Hz) on the Hegu ( @entity9154 ) and Neiguan ( @entity11399 ) before anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity2614 adjusted to bispectral index (40-60) and target @entity1937 5.0 ng/ml. @entity158 thresholds were assessed using electronic von Frey. The primary outcome was @entity158 thresholds. Secondary outcomes included @entity282 scores, the time to first rescue analgesic, cumulative number of rescue analgesia, and side effects, including @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ), dizziness and shivering in 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: Baseline @entity158 thresholds were similar between the groups. The analysis revealed the decrease in mechanical threshold was greater in the sham group than the TEAS group (P < 0.001). @entity282 scores and cumulative number of rescue analgesia were lower in the TEAS group (P < 0.05). In addition, TEAS group @entity1 reduced the incidence of @entity1209 and shivering. CONCLUSION: Preoperative TEAS can attenuate @entity1937 -induced @entity1931 in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy.

title: Transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation alleviates @entity1937 -induced @entity1931 in XXXX undergoing thyroidectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical pain', 'Mechanical pain']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity393 and describe the neurotologic manifestations over time in a large series of @entity1 with malignant @entity2525 . STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : Thirty-two @entity1 , including 19 @entity1 (< 1 yr of age at initial visit) and 13 @entity1 (aged 1-7.6 yr at initial visit), with @entity74 were followed-up during a 10-year period from 1991 to 2001. The average length of follow-up was 2.5 years (range, 0-9.1 yr). INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 underwent annual otologic evaluations including clinical examination, audiologic evaluation (auditory brainstem response, pure-tone thresholds, speech discrimination scores, and tympanograms), and high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of @entity393 , @entity2172 , and @entity3541 . Serial changes in temporal bone anatomy by computed tomographic scan. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of @entity1 ' ears demonstrated @entity393 during the first year of life, and 78% of @entity1 's ears demonstrated @entity393 during the study period. Of the @entity1 's ears with @entity393 , 100% had a conductive component and 26% had an additional sensorineural component (mixed @entity393 ); VIIIth nerve conduction was normal in 100% of @entity1 and 78% of @entity1 . Five @entity1 (16%) had unilateral @entity2103 . Common temporal bone findings included thickening and @entity1463 of the calvarium; poor pneumatization of the mastoid bone; and narrowing of the external auditory canal, eustachian tube, and internal auditory canal. CONCLUSION: Otologic manifestations are common in malignant @entity2525 secondary to the formation of dense, brittle bone. Frequent findings include @entity2167 , @entity2172 , conductive and @entity1274 , and @entity3541 .

title: Otologic manifestations of malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['external auditory canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive osteopetrosis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity2525 :: (MESH:D010022,Disease) :: ['osteopetrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: and objectives. Most of modern endoscopic procedures (e.g., TURP) are only confined to small and medium-sized glands (up to 80 cm3), but not HoLEP, which allows to enucleate large and extremely large prostates (200 cm3). The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of HoLEP for prostates of different sizes. METHOD: s. A total of 459 @entity1 were divided into three groups: Group 1 included 278 @entity1 (prostate volume <100 cm3); mean prostate volume, 70.8+/-16.1 cm3; IPSS, 18.7+/-5.5; QoL, 4.1+/-0.5; Qmax, 6.2+/-1.5 mL/s; post-voided residual volume, 64.2+/-30.5 mL. Group 2 included 169 @entity1 (prostate volume 100-200 cm3); mean prostate volume, 148.1+/-25.2 cm3; IPSS, 19.7+/-3.3; QoL, 4.2+/-0.7; Qmax, 5.9+/-0.7 mL/s; post-voided residual volume, 70.9+/-20.1 mL. Group 3 included 12 @entity1 (prostate volume >200 cm3); mean prostate volume, 230.1+/-18.1 cm3; IPSS, 19.5+/-4.5; QoL, 4.1+/-0.3; Qmax, 4.7+/-0.9 mL/s; post-voided residual volume, 72.3+/-10.9 mL. All the @entity1 underwent HoLEP from 2013 to 2015. For the prostate to be enucleated, a 100-W laser system, 550-micron end-fire fiber, and a morcellator for tissue evacuation were used. RESULTS: The average duration of surgery in Group 1 was 56.5+/-10.7 min; in group 2, 96.4+/-24.9 min; in Group 3, 120.9+/-35 min. The average duration of morcellation in Group 1 was 37.5+/-7.3 min; in Group 2, 63.3+/-11.2 min; in Group 3, 84.0+/-25.6 min. The efficiency of enucleation in Group 3 (1.70 g/min) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in Group 1 (1.05 g/min) and Group 2 (1.23 g/min). Similar results were obtained for the efficiency of morcellation. It was lower in Group 1 and Group 2 (1.58 and 1.87 g/min, respectively) than in Group 3 (2.45 g/min) (p<0.05). In order to compare the long-term results of HoLEP for prostates of different sizes, all the 459 @entity1 were followed up for 18 months. IPSS, Qmax, QoL, and post-voided residual volumes were measured. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the postoperative outcomes for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: It follows from our two years experience that HoLEP is a safe, highly efficacious and a size-independent procedure, which is why it has become a new gold standard for treatment of extremely large @entity1067 in our clinic.

title: [Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HOLEP) for small, large and XXXX . Practice guidelines. Experience of more than 450 surgeries].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['giant prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of published data regarding chemical peels in darker racial-ethnic groups. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of a new superficial @entity3785 peel in individuals of skin types V and VI. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 were included in this pilot investigation. Nine had @entity5477 , 5 had @entity32 , 6 had @entity1709 , and 5 had rough, oily skin with enlarged pores. The @entity1 were pre-treated for 2 weeks with @entity8156 4% prior to undergoing a series of five @entity3785 chemical peels. The concentrations of @entity3785 were 20% and 30%. The peels were performed at 2 week intervals. RESULTS. Moderate to significant improvement was observed in 88% of the @entity1 . Minimal to mild side effects occurred in 16%. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that superficial @entity3785 peels are both safe and efficacious for treatment of @entity5477 , oily skin, textural changes, @entity1709 , and @entity32 in @entity1 with skin types V and VI.

title: The safety and efficacy of XXXX chemical peels in darker racial-ethnic groups.

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

answer: @entity3785 :: (MESH:D020156,Chemical) :: ['salicylic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity378 is one of the major @entity166 in Taiwan. It has an especially high prevalence in @entity6 @entity1 , in whom it is usually asymptomatic and are more likely to result in @entity6371 . The aim of the study was to aggressively screen high risk diabetic elderly, identify the prevalence of @entity378 and its determinants. METHODS: Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 aged over 65 years were enrolled. They received chest X-rays, blood tests and the questionnaires to assess their medical history and symptoms. Suspicious cases were referred to the pulmonary or @entity166 outpatient clinics. @entity1907 was confirmed by sputum culture. Variables between groups were analyzed by Student t test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Risk factors were assessed using univariate logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 3,087 @entity1 participated this screening program and 7 @entity1 screened positive for @entity1907 . Another 5 @entity1 were being under treatment when participating screening program. The prevalence rate was 3.89 per thousand @entity1 . The @entity1 with male gender, smoking, @entity1575 or subjective body @entity353 were associated with an increased risk of @entity378 significantly. Subjective body @entity353 (OR: 6.635 [95% CI: 2.096-21.007]), @entity1575 (OR: 10.307 [95% CI: 2.108-50.395]) and history smoking (OR: 3.981 [95% CI: 1.246-12.718]) are independent risk factors. Among all 73 @entity1 with @entity378 or @entity378 history, they tended to be male, lower body mass index (BMI), more smoking history, more @entity167 consumption, more family history of @entity378 , higher low density lipoprotein (LDL), and less @entity101 . However, there was no significant difference in the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between the @entity378 group and non- @entity378 group. CONCLUSIONS: Active screening program is helpful in detecting @entity1907 in elderly @entity6 @entity1 . Subjective body @entity353 , smoking and @entity1575 are independent risk factors.

title: Screening for XXXX in type 2 @entity6 elderly: a cross-sectional study in a community hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'active tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'Pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcatheter implantation of the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) is an alternative to conventional surgical closure of isolated secundum @entity118 ( @entity118 ). Neither the clinical outcomes nor the costs of these procedures have been extensively compared. MATERIAL/METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate cost-effectiveness in @entity1 with secundum @entity118 who underwent closure using either placement of an ASO or surgery. We utilized available TSI accounting data to estimate hospital costs. RESULTS: On the basis of trans-thoracic echocardiography, the procedures resulted in successful closure of the @entity118 in 95.8% of @entity1 in whom the ASO was implanted and 96.8% of surgical @entity1 . Although there were no deaths in either group, complications occurred in 10.4% of @entity1 in whom the ASO was implanted and 31.2% of surgical @entity1 . The mean estimated cost per case treated with the ASO was  11,541 as compared with  21,780 for surgery. The average length of hospital stay per case treated with the ASO was 1.0 day as compared with 4.3 days for surgery. Sensitivity analyses based on our data identified no plausible situations in which the costs of surgery and of implantation of the ASO would be equal. CONCLUSIONS: The equally effective and less costly Amplatzer Septal Occluder appears superior to surgical closure of isolated secundum @entity118 in qualifying @entity1 . The transcatheter method is also associated with significantly lower morbidity. Consequently, our results support the use of the ASO as an alternative to surgery for the management of this common @entity66 .

title: Clinical outcomes and costs of Amplatzer transcatheter closure as compared with surgical closure of ostium secundum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASDs']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lesion']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1643 (LBP) and @entity4048 ( @entity4048 ) are highly prevalent conditions resulting in high economic costs. Treatment guidelines recommend relaxation techniques, such as progressive @entity121 , as adjuvant therapies. Self-care interventions could have the potential to reduce costs in the health care system, but their effectiveness, especially in a usual care setting, is unclear. The aim of these two pragmatic randomized studies is to evaluate whether an additional app-delivered relaxation is more effective in the reduction of chronic LBP or @entity4048 than usual care alone. METHODS/DESIGN: Each pragmatic randomized two-armed study aims to include a total of 220 @entity1 aged 18 to 65  years with chronic (>12  weeks) LBP or @entity4048 and an average @entity158 intensity of   >=    4 on a numeric rating scale (NRS) in the 7  days before recruitment. The @entity1 will be randomized into an intervention and a usual care group. The intervention group will be instructed to practice one of these 3 relaxation techniques on at least 5  days/week for 15  minutes/day over a period of 6  months starting on the day of randomization: autogenic training, mindfulness meditation, or guided imagery. Instructions and exercises will be provided using a smartphone app, baseline information will be collected using paper and pencil. Follow-up information (daily, weekly, and after 3 and 6  months) will be collected using electronic diaries and questionnaires included in the app.The primary outcome measure will be the mean LBP or @entity4048 intensity during the first 3  months of intervention based on daily @entity158 intensity measurements on a NRS (0   =   no @entity158 , 10   =   worst possible @entity158 ). The secondary outcome parameters will include the mean @entity158 intensity during the first 6  months after randomization based on daily measurements, the mean @entity158 intensity measured weekly as the average @entity158 intensity of the previous 7  days over 3 and 6  months, @entity158 acceptance, 'LBP- and @entity4048 -related' stress, sick leave days, @entity158 medication intake, adherence, suspected adverse reaction, and serious adverse events. DISCUSSION: The designed studies reflect a usual self-care setting and will provide evidence on a pragmatic self-care intervention that is easy to combine with care provided by medical professionals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier Relaxback NCT02019498, Relaxneck NCT02019134 registered on 18 December 2013.

title: Effectiveness of app-based relaxation for @entity1 with @entity1643 (Relaxback) and chronic XXXX (Relaxneck): study protocol for two randomized pragmatic trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['neck pain']


abstract: @entity299 and repair after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) predisposes to @entity712 . Studies have reported on the potential for lineage negative, steel factor positive ( @entity17777 +) bone marrow-derived hematopoetic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to repair damaged myocardium through neovascularization and myogenesis. However, the precise contribution of the @entity17777 signaling pathway to the cardiac repair process has yet to be determined. In this study, we sought to directly elucidate the mechanistic contributions of @entity17777 + bone marrow-derived hematopoetic stem/progenitor cells in the maintenance and repair of damaged myocardium after @entity583 . Using @entity17777 -deficient @entity19 , we demonstrate the importance of @entity17777 signaling in preventing @entity2554 and @entity1184 , and the maintenance of cardiac function after @entity583 in @entity17777 -deficient @entity19 . Furthermore, we show phenotypic rescue of cardiac repair after @entity583 of @entity17777 -deficient @entity19 by bone marrow transplantation of wild-type HSPCs. The transplanted group also had reduced apoptosis and collagen deposition, along with an increase in neovascularization. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this phenotypic rescue, we investigated the gene expression pattern within the infarcted region by using microarray analysis. This analysis suggested activation of inflammatory pathways, specifically natural killer (NK) cell-mediated mobilization after @entity583 in rescued hearts. This finding was confirmed by immunohistology and by using an NK blocker. Thus, our investigation revealed a previously uncharacterized role for @entity17777 signaling after @entity1188 by mediating bone marrow-derived NK and angiogenic cell mobilization, which contributes to improved remodeling and cardiac function after @entity583 .

title: Stem cell factor receptor induces progenitor and natural killer cell-mediated cardiac survival and repair after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Inappropriate cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The role of histopathology for diagnosing @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) has been recently challenged. However, based in our experience with roughly 4,600 distal duodenal and jejunal biopsies in @entity1 it is apparent that appropriate biopsy site, handling, processing, and microscopic evaluation result in a consistent pattern of microscopic changes which allows strong clinical-pathologic correlation. A simple way for establishing the villous/crypt (V/C) ratio is proposed. Normal mucosa displays a V/C ratio of 2.5 or more. @entity194 is then graded according to the V/C ratio as follows: Grade 1: 2.5-2; Grade 2: 1-2; Grade 3: 1-0.5, and Grade 4: less than 0.5. The grading should be done in areas of the biopsy where at least 2 to 3 crypts are present in almost its full length. @entity66 was consistently associated with villous @entity194 grades 3 and 4, which fully recovered or maintained Grade 1 after gluten-free diet. Grade 2 biopsies were rare and related to incomplete gluten-free diet. @entity75 were never seen as were @entity1 with normal biopsies later developing @entity194 . Histopathologic evaluation of mucosal biopsies to rule out @entity1593 requires adequate biopsy site (distal duodenum or proximal jejunum), and @entity12168 (oriented material), processing (cutting on edge) and interpretation. The proposed villous @entity194 grading may help to adequately compare experiences from different centers as well as to reconcile apparent different findings in separate biopsies. In @entity1 histopathology keeps on having a central role for @entity1593 diagnosis.

title: The histopathology of XXXX : order must prevail out of chaos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CD disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Patchy lesions']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'mucosal atrophy', 'Villous atrophy']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['proper handling']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['pediatric celiac disease']


abstract: @entity9688 ( @entity9688 ) is a monoecious plant that serves as a model for the study of floral sex determination. The genetic background, hormonal and environmental factors regulating unisexual flower development are well characterized, however, the molecular mechanisms are less well understood. To isolate genes involved in male and female flower development we conducted a differential cDNA-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis using plant growth apices of predominantly male (monoecious) and female (gynoecious) near isogenic @entity9688 lines. The plant apices of monoecious @entity9688 carry bisexual and unisexual male floral buds while gynoecious ones carry bisexual and unisexual female floral buds. We isolated a cDNA fragment that encodes a putative @entity3007 binding @entity669 phosphorylated protein A ( @entity63711 ) that is developmentally regulated. @entity63711 is expressed in stamen primordia and its transcript is more abundant in monoecious plant apices implying a role for @entity63711 in the early stages of male reproductive organ development. At later stages of flower development a higher transcript level is observed in female flowers in @entity1829 , nectary and in particular ovule/ovary tissue. The differential expression of @entity63711 during male and female flower development indicates a role for @entity63711 in female flower development, in particular that of the ovary/ovule. Thus, @entity63711 might have a dual role, one in the early stages of flower development, possibly during sex determination, and the other in the development of the ovary/ovule. This is the first report of a gene encoding a putative TypA in the plant kingdom that is differentially expressed during plant development.

title: A developmentally regulated XXXX binding @entity669 phosphorylated protein A-like cDNA in @entity9688 ( @entity9688 .).

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Species') :: ['Cucumber', 'cucumber', 'cucumbers', 'Cucumis sativus']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['stigmatic papilla']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3007 :: (MESH:D006160,Chemical) :: ['GTP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effect of a 4.7-mg deslorelin @entity1176 analog implant on ovarian function in the prepubertal female @entity95 . Seven female @entity95 (group 1) were treated with the implant at the age of 60  days. The implant was inserted subcutaneously in the umbilical region. Two animals (group 2) were not treated and served as a control group. The vulva of all 9 animals was examined for the presence of typical cyclical changes, additionally the occurrence of mounting behavior was recorded. Ovarian function was checked by administration of a short-acting @entity1176 agonist to induce ovulation and pseudopregnancy (0.8   g of @entity7458 per animal intramuscularly). Ten days after each treatment with @entity7458 , blood was collected for @entity1420 measurement to confirm pseudopregnancy. After implant insertion, the first blood collection (Day 10) was done without preceding induction of ovulation to screen for implant induced ovulation and pseudopregnancy. The implant was in situ for 273  days, and during this time span, 12 attempts of induction of ovulation were carried out in intervals of 21  days, beginning at the age of 81  days. Afterward, it was removed under local anesthesia and 3 further inductions of ovulation by the same scheme were conducted. The insertion of the implant led to the establishment of a pseudopregnancy in 2 of 7 animals; the remaining 5 animals did not show elevated @entity1420 values. Attempts to induce ovulation by administration of the short-acting @entity1176 analog while the slow-release @entity1176 analog implant was in place were not successful in treated animals, and @entity1420 concentrations were basal. The effect was reversible as ovulation could be induced in 2 subsequent cycles in all animals by the third induction of ovulation after implant removal. Induction of ovulation in control animals at the age of 110 and 131  days resulted in elevated @entity1420 levels after 10  days. No adverse side effects could be observed in implant-treated animals. The typical red coloration of the vulva could be seen in group 2 and after implant removal in group 1. The results suggest that in 5 of 7 @entity95 , puberty was delayed by the treatment with the 4.7-mg deslorelin slow-release analog until the implant had been removed. In the other animals, the treatment induced an initial flare-up phenomenon. Afterward, the treatment could reversibly suppress ovarian function in all 7 treated animals.

title: Reversible estrous cycle suppression in prepubertal female XXXX treated with slow-release deslorelin implants.

entities_list: @entity7458 :: ('MESH:D002064', 'Chemical') :: ['buserelin']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that the C-type natriuretic peptide ( @entity9076 ) enhances osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) action in stimulating osteoblastic cell differentiation in primary cultures of fetal @entity35 calvaria cell (FRC). @entity9076 enhanced synergistically the OP-1-induced Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) activity and mineralized bone nodule formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To examine possible mechanism of the synergy between @entity9076 , the expression levels of key BMP receptors and signaling molecules were examined. Western blot analysis showed that BMPR-IB and -II receptor protein expression was not affected by @entity9076 alone, but was stimulated by OP-1 alone. The combination of OP-1 and @entity9076 did not further increase their protein levels. The @entity6037 protein expression level was not altered by @entity9076 alone, but was elevated by OP-1 alone, and was slightly reduced by the combination. The @entity68006 protein expression level was slightly decreased by @entity9076 alone, but was stimulated by OP-1 alone, and was not further stimulated by the combination. @entity68006 phosphorylation was not stimulated by @entity9076 alone, but was stimulated significantly by OP-1 alone. The combination of @entity9076 further stimulated the OP-1-induced @entity68006 phosphorylation. Thus, one mechanism of the observed synergy between OP-1 and @entity9076 involves enhancement of the @entity68006 phosphorylation.

title: C-type natriuretic peptide enhances osteogenic protein-1-induced osteoblastic cell differentiation via XXXX phosphorylation.

answer: @entity68006 :: (59328(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Smad5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Australia, ' @entity285 Management Plans' (AMPs) provide the policy infrastructure for State and Commonwealth Governments to address problematic @entity285 use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. We report community residents' experiences of AMPs in 10 of Queensland's 15 remote Indigenous communities. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used a two-stage sampling strategy: N   =   1211; 588 (48%) males, 623 (52%) females aged >= 18  years in 10 communities. Seven propositions about 'favourable' impacts and seven about 'unfavourable' impacts were developed from semi-structured interviews. For each proposition, one-sample tests of proportions examined @entity1 agreement and multivariable binary logistic regressions assessed influences of gender, age (18-24, 25-44, 45-64, >= 65  years), residence (>= 6  years), current drinking and Indigenous status. Confirmatory factor analyses estimated scale reliability (  ), item loadings and covariances. RESULTS: Slim majorities agreed that: AMPs reduced violence (53%, p   =   0.024); community a better place to live (54%, 0.012); and @entity1 were safer (56%, p   <   0.001). More agreed that: school attendance improved (66%, p   <   0.001); and awareness of @entity285 's harms increased (71%, p   <   0.001). @entity1 were equivocal about improved personal safety (53%, p   =   0.097) and reduced violence against @entity1 (49%, p   =   0.362). The seven 'favourable' items reliably summarized @entity1 ' experiences of reduced violence and improved community amenity (     =   0.90). Stronger agreement was found for six 'unfavourable' items: @entity285 availability not reduced (58%, p   <   0.001); drinking not reduced (56%, p   <   0.001)); cannabis use increased (69%, p   <   0.001); more binge drinking (73%, p   <   0.001); discrimination experienced (77%, p   <   0.001); increased fines, convictions and criminal records for breaching restrictions (90%, p   <   0.001). @entity1 were equivocal (51% agreed, p   =   0.365) that police could enforce restrictions effectively. 'Unfavourable' items were not reliably reflected in one group (     =   0.48) but in: i) @entity285 availability and consumption not reduced and ii) criminalization and discrimination. In logistic regressions, longer-term (>=  6  years) residents more likely agreed that violence against @entity1 had reduced and that personal safety had improved but also that criminalization and binge drinking had increased. Younger @entity1 disagreed that their community was a better place to live and strongly agreed about discrimination. Current drinkers' views differed little from the sample overall. CONCLUSIONS: The present Government review provides an opportunity to reinforce 'favourable' outcomes while targeting: illicit @entity285 , treatment and diversion services and reconciliation of criminalization and discrimination issues.

title: XXXX management plans in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australian communities in Queensland: community residents have experienced favourable impacts but also suffered unfavourable ones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'participant', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: @entity942 is associated with development of @entity101 . Defects in the renal @entity7792 - @entity369 pathway or @entity369 reabsorption potentially reduce renal NO in prehypertensive spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs). Hence, we investigated genes related to the @entity7792 - @entity369 pathway or @entity369 reabsorption, @entity535 pools, and renal NO in 2-week-old prehypertensive SHRs. In addition, because perinatally supporting NO availability reduces blood pressure in SHRs, we supplemented SHR dams during pregnancy and lactation with @entity7792 , the rate-limiting @entity535 for @entity369 synthesis. In female offspring, gene expression of argininosuccinate synthase (involved in renal @entity369 synthesis) and renal cationic @entity535 Y-transporter (involved in @entity369 reabsorption) were both decreased in 2-day and 2-week SHRs compared with normotensive WKY, although no abnormalities in @entity535 pools were observed. In addition, 2-week-old female SHRs had much less NO in their kidneys (0.46+/-0.01 versus 0.68+/-0.05 nmol/g of kidney weight, respectively; P<0.001) but not in their heart. Furthermore, perinatal supplementation with @entity7792 increased renal NO to 0.59+/-0.02 nmol/g of kidney weight (P<0.001) at 2 weeks and persistently ameliorated the development of @entity101 in females and until 20 weeks in male SHR offspring. Defects in both the renal @entity7792 - @entity369 pathway and in @entity369 reabsorption precede @entity101 in SHRs. We propose that the reduced cationic @entity535 transporter disables the developing SHR kidney to use @entity369 reabsorption to compensate for reduced @entity369 synthesis, resulting in organ-specific @entity942 . This early @entity8 and its adverse sequels can be corrected by perinatal @entity7792 supplementation persistently in female and transiently in male SHRs.

title: Maternal supplementation with @entity7792 increases renal nitric oxide in young spontaneously XXXX @entity35 and has long-term antihypertensive effects.

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal deficiency']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['NO deficiency']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of presenting symptom types on 30-day periprocedural outcomes of @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) in contemporary vascular practice. METHODS: Retrospective review was undertaken of the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Registry database subjects who underwent @entity3538 or CAS from 2004 to 2011. @entity1 were grouped by discrete 12-month preprocedural ipsilateral symptom type: @entity64 , @entity63 ( @entity63 ), @entity34951 ( @entity34951 ), or asymptomatic (ASX). Risk-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used to compare the likelihood of the 30-day outcomes of @entity204 , @entity64 , and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and the composite outcomes of @entity204 + @entity64 and @entity204 + @entity64 + @entity583 . RESULTS: Symptom type significantly influences risk-adjusted 30-day outcomes for carotid intervention. Presentation with @entity64 predicted the poorest outcomes ( @entity204 + @entity64 + @entity583 composite: OR, 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-2.03 vs @entity63 ; OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.18-5.57 vs @entity34951 ; OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.46-3.08 vs ASX), followed by @entity63 ( @entity204 + @entity64 + @entity583 composite: OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 0.91-4.25 vs @entity34951 ; OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.14-2.33 vs ASX). For both CAS and @entity3538 @entity1 , presentation with @entity64 or @entity63 predicted a higher risk of periprocedural @entity64 than in ASX @entity1 . Presentation with @entity64 predicted higher 30-day risk of @entity204 with CAS but not with @entity3538 . @entity583 rates were not affected by presenting symptom type. The 30-day outcomes for the @entity34951 and ASX @entity1 groups were equivalent in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: Presenting symptom type significantly affects the 30-day outcomes of both CAS and @entity3538 in contemporary vascular surgical practice. Presentation with @entity64 and @entity63 predicts higher rates of periprocedural complications, whereas @entity34951 presentation predicts a periprocedural risk profile similar to that of ASX disease.

title: Preoperative symptom type influences the 30-day perioperative outcomes of XXXX and carotid stenting in the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['carotid endarterectomy', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity34951 :: ('MESH:D020757', 'Disease') :: ['TMB', 'transient monocular blindness']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity3538 :: (MESH:D002341,Disease) :: ['carotid endarterectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is extremely rare for pulmonary hilar lymph node @entity3 (PHLNM) of a @entity5 to be independently lethal. Here, we report an exceedingly rare case of cavitation in PHLNM from @entity0 triggering @entity456 and @entity3509 (BPFE), complicated with superior @entity4264 (SVCS). CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old @entity1 who had undergone left segmental mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection due to left @entity0 was then treated for 1 year with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Recurrence of right PHLNM was observed 2 years after the operation, for which 3 courses of bevacizumab ( @entity1493 ) and @entity1311 combination chemotherapy were administered. The @entity1 had @entity1353 and fever during the washout period, and CT examination revealed @entity292 formation between the right PHLNM cavitation and right main bronchus, so she was admitted for further treatment. This @entity292 rapidly progressed to BPFE, and contralateral aspiration was observed to cause @entity55 of the left lung. In addition, @entity4 of both upper limbs and head and neck were observed, and CT examination revealed SVCS caused by re-enlargement of PHLNM. Active treatment was performed, but the recommencement of chemotherapy was not possible, and she died on Day 150 of admission. CONCLUSIONS: We think that PHLNM deteriorated to central @entity39 due to chemotherapy with @entity1493 taking effect, leading to formation of BPFE. The case was also made more difficult due to the complication of SVCS caused by the re-enlarged PHLNM.

title: Pulmonary hilar lymph node @entity3 of @entity0 induced XXXX and superior @entity4264 .

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['vena cava syndrome']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['broncho-pleural fistula']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['bronchopleural fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Outcomes of open (OR) and endovascular revascularization (ER) for chronic @entity5327 (CMI) were analyzed with respect to clinical risk stratification. METHODS: The data of 229 consecutive @entity1 treated for CMI with OR (146 @entity1 /265 vessels) or ER (83 @entity1 /105 vessels) between 1991 and 2005 were reviewed. @entity1 were classified as low-risk or high-risk using standard scoring systems. End points were mortality and morbidity, recurrence-free survival, and patency rates. A subset analysis compared 111 @entity1 (208 vessels) who had OR with 58 @entity1 (76 vessels) who had stenting. RESULTS: The ER @entity1 were significantly older (71 +/- 15 vs 65 +/- 11 years; P < .05), had higher risk (58% vs 31%), and fewer vessels revascularized (1.3 +/- 0.5 vs 1.8 +/- 0.4). Four (2.7%) procedurally related @entity204 occurred in the OR and two (2.4%) in the ER group (P = NS). Mortality was higher for high-risk @entity1 (OR, 6.7% vs 0.9%; ER, 4.8% vs 0%; P < .05), but differences were not significant among low-risk or high-risk OR vs ER @entity1 . OR @entity1 had more complications (36% vs 18%; P < .001) and longer hospitalization (12 +/- 8 vs 3 +/- 5 days; P < .001). At 5 years, OR had improved (P < .05) recurrence-free survival (89% +/- 4% vs 51% +/- 9%), and primary (88% +/- 3% vs 41% +/- 9%) and secondary patency rates (97% +/- 2% vs 88% +/- 4%). More restenoses (hazard ratio [HR], 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-10.2), recurrences (HR, 6.7; 95% CI, 3.3-13.8), and reinterventions occurred in the ER group (HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.9-9.7). At last follow-up, significant symptom improvement was noted in 137 OR (96%) and 72 ER @entity1 (92%, P = NS). In the subset analysis of @entity1 having first-time operations vs stenting, OR resulted in improved (P < .05) recurrence-free survival (91% +/- 3% vs 56% +/- 8% at 5 years) and better primary and secondary patency rates (93% +/- 2% and 98% +/- 1% vs 52% +/- 8% and 93% +/- 4% at 3 years). CONCLUSION: OR has similar mortality but higher morbidity and longer hospitalization than ER in low-risk or high-risk @entity1 with CMI. Both treatments effectively improved symptoms, but restenosis, recurrent symptoms, and reinterventions were more likely in ER @entity1 . These findings may guide treatment selection and counseling of low-risk and high-risk CMI @entity1 undergoing OR or ER procedures.

title: Open versus endovascular revascularization for chronic XXXX : risk-stratified outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: Endocrine adjuvant therapy for @entity0 in recent years has focussed primarily on the use of @entity440 to inhibit the action of @entity172 in the breast. The use of aromatase inhibitors has found much less favor due to poor efficacy and unsustainable side effects. Now, however, the situation is changing rapidly with the introduction of the so-called phase III inhibitors, which display high affinity and specificity towards aromatase. These compounds have been tested in a number of clinical settings and, almost without exception, are proving to be more effective than @entity440 . They are being approved as first-line therapy for elderly @entity1 with @entity1442 . In the future, they may well be used not only to treat young, postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity66 but also in the chemoprevention setting. However, since these compounds inhibit the catalytic activity of aromatase, in principle, they will inhibit @entity172 biosynthesis in every tissue location of aromatase, leading to fears of @entity604 and possibly loss of cognitive function in these younger @entity1 . The concept of tissue-specific inhibition of aromatase expression is made possible by the fact that, in postmenopausal @entity1 when the ovaries cease to produce @entity172 , @entity172 functions primarily as a local paracrine and intracrine factor. Furthermore, due to the unique organization of tissue-specific promoters, regulation in each tissue site of expression is controlled by a unique set of regulatory factors. These factors are potential targets for the design of selective aromatase modulators, which could selectively inhibit aromatase expression in breast with the same efficacy as the phase III inhibitors of activity but leave expression in other local sites such as bone and brain untouched.

title: Aromatase and its inhibitors: significance for XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early-onset disease']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']