abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess quality of health care provided in a representative Canadian mental health service using conformance to evidence-based treatment recommendations, and to examine differences from published US results. METHOD: We used a cross-sectional cohort design involving a randomly selected sample of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 attending 1 of 3 mental health clinics in 1 Canadian regional health system. The sample size was calculated to detect differences with the US sample. Conformance criteria were based on a published protocol. Data were collected using @entity1 interviews and a structured review of health records. Conformance to 9 key @entity161 @entity1 Outcomes Research Team recommendations was assessed. RESULTS: Conformance ranged between 58% and 90% for pharmacological recommendations, and 0% to 81% for psychosocial recommendations. No @entity1 who met criteria for assertive case management had been referred to an assertive case management team. Significant differences in conformance rates to some treatment recommendations were found between Canadian and published US results. CONCLUSIONS: It proved possible to assess health care quality using process measures of conformance to treatment recommendations. Conformance to clinical recommendations for pharmacotherapy is higher than for psychosocial therapies. The absence of barriers to access for pharmacological therapies likely enhances the higher conformance to these recommendations. Limited or variable access to psychosocial services, specifically assertive community treatment, likely negatively affects conformance to psychosocial treatment recommendations. Methodological limitations preclude drawing conclusions on comparisons between Canadian and US services.

title: Conformance to evidence-based treatment recommendations in XXXX treatment services.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present investigation sought to define the responses of @entity19 eyes to challenge with three different strains of @entity796 isolated from @entity1 corneas or contact lenses: two different strains produced an @entity3283 , and one strain produced @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ). METHODS: The corneas of BALB/c @entity19 were inoculated with three different strains of @entity796 . The strains were allowed to interact with the corneas for up to 24 h. In addition, strain Paerl, isolated from @entity2194 , was subjected to in vitro assays to measure its ability to invade corneal epithelial cells, or to produce @entity137 in these cells. Both these assays used cultured @entity95 corneal epithelial cells. RESULTS: Both @entity15617 isolates were able to infect the corneas of @entity19 , but the @entity2194 isolate was non-infective. The predominant response to infection with the cytotoxic strain was severe corneal @entity4 and @entity2687 with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The predominant response with the invasive @entity15617 isolate was corneal ulceration and infiltration with PMNs. The @entity2194 produced only low levels of PMN infiltration. In in vitro assays the @entity2194 was non-invasive and non-cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified that @entity796 produces at least three different types of corneal pathology and that not all strains are able to infect @entity19 corneas.

title: Different strains of XXXX isolated from ocular infections or inflammation display distinct corneal pathologies in an animal model.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['CLARE strain', 'contact lens-induced acute red eye', 'CLARE']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative keratitis']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['infiltration of the corneal stroma']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Overt or subclinical @entity1374 may affect the risk of @entity174 . The aim of the present study was to assess the association of thyroid function and @entity792 with @entity174 ( @entity174 ) in a large sample of Greek postmenopausal @entity1 . This cross-sectional study recruited 335 euthyroid postmenopausal @entity1 , aged 35-79  years. Euthyroidism was verified by serum @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) within the laboratory reference range (0.4-4.5   IU/mL). VFs were diagnosed by lumbar spine lateral radiographs, according to quantitative procedures. Serum free @entity1954 (FT3), free @entity1955 (FT4), @entity9808 , as well as levels of anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti- @entity5787 ) were compared according to the presence of VFs. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the presence of VFs was predicted independently by ln- @entity9808 levels (OR  =  0.290, p  =  0.037) and positive anti-TG antibodies (OR  =  3.308, p  =  0.026) in models adjusted for age, menopausal age, and ln-HOMA-IR. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of VFs was predicted by menopausal age (OR  =  1.120, p  =  0.001), ln- @entity9808 (OR  =  0.312, p  =  0.052), and thyroid @entity792 (anti-TG and anti- @entity5787 positive: OR  =  6.637, p  =  0.007) in a model that also included age and ln-HOMA-IR. @entity1 with lower circulating @entity9808 had higher risk of having a @entity174 , independently of age, menopausal age, and insulin resistance. The presence of positive anti-TG/anti- @entity5787 antibodies also indicated an elevated risk of @entity174 . Levels of thyroid hormones had no apparent effect on the risk of @entity174 . Further studies are necessary to establish the significance of our findings.

title: Thyroid function and @entity792 are associated with the risk of @entity174 in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'VF', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TSH', 'thyroid-stimulating hormone']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: HISTORY AND FINDINGS: A 38-year-old female physician was admitted with the suspected diagnosis of a @entity2590 . The self-reported history was inconsistent and incoherent. On physical examination neurological and @entity74 could be found. EXAMINATIONS: A bone marrow puncture revealed a @entity137 -induced @entity236 . Extensive examinations to evaluate the neurological symptoms did not show any pathological findings. A toxicological screening identified opioids, @entity1245 and @entity4489 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: Because of the inconsistent history and the contradictory results of our clinical tests, we asked in other hospitals for past admissions and were thus able to have insight into a hospital career that grasped numerous different admission diagnoses. All presented symptoms, especially the @entity236 , were self-induced by the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: For the first time in this @entity1 's history, a @entity13593 was diagnosed after a hospital career of almost 10 years. In this publication, the case is thoroughly presented. Additionally, the current literature is reviewed with latest recommendations for therapeutic strategies about this poorly understood disorder.

title: [ @entity13593 . Hematologic, neurologic and dermatologic symptoms in a physician with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity13593 :: ('MESH:D005162', 'Disease') :: ['factitious disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dermatological disorders']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow damage']

answer: @entity13593 :: (MESH:D005162,Disease) :: ['factitious disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a peptide released by the lower gut that has potent trophic and restorative effects on the intestinal epithelium. Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of feeding rate and either metabolizable or nonmetabolizable @entity413 supplementation on GLP-2 concentrations in plasma and intestinal development in Holstein @entity291 . In the first experiment, 48 newborn @entity291 were assigned to 12 treatments (n = 4) corresponding to the factorial combination of 4 milk feeding amounts [1.75, 1.32, 0.88, and 0.44% of body weight (BW) as @entity62 ( @entity62 )] and 3 oral supplementation treatments (nonsupplemented, @entity413 -supplemented, and @entity10546 -supplemented). In the second experiment 30 newborn @entity291 (n = 10) were fed milk at a fixed rate of 1.75% of BW as @entity62 and assigned to the same @entity413 supplementation treatments used in experiment 1 to investigate effects on intestinal development. In the first experiment, we found a saturating response of plasma GLP-2 to increasing feeding levels. The feeding rate at which 50% of the maximal GLP-2 release occurred was estimated to be 0.53% of BW as @entity62 or 30.3% of the maximum feeding rate (1.75% of BW as @entity62 ), whereas maximal secretion was estimated to be about 98.6 pmol/L. In turn, feeding 75, 50, or 25% of the maximal feeding rate (i.e., 1.75% BW as @entity62 ) resulted in plasma GLP-2 concentrations 87, 72, and 49% of that in fully fed @entity291 , respectively. Neither metabolizable nor nonmetabolizable @entity413 supplementation affected GLP-2 secretion and no interaction with feed intake level was detected. In the second experiment, no effect of @entity413 supplementation was observed on intestinal growth, mucosal cell proliferation, or expression of genes related to the actions of GLP-2. Nonetheless, we observed that a pool of genes of the GLP-2 signaling pathway was more abundantly and coordinately regulated in the colon than in the ileum of these animals, indicating an opportunity for dietary induction of the peptide in this organ. In conclusion, during this experiment, plasma GLP-2 concentrations responded in a diminishing return fashion to milk intake but not to @entity413 supplementation, even at milk consumption levels of only 0.4% of BW as @entity62 .

title: Secretion of glucagon-like peptide-2 responds to nutrient intake but not @entity413 provision in milk-fed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity10546 :: ('MESH:D019325', 'Chemical') :: ['3-O-methyl glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: There is a growing demand for economic bioprocesses based on sustainable resources rather than petrochemical-derived substances. Particular attention has been paid to rhamnolipids--surface-active glycolipids--that are naturally produced by @entity796 . Rhamnolipids have gained increased attention over the past years due to their versatile chemical and biological properties as well as numerous biotechnological applications. However, rhamnolipid synthesis is tightly governed by a complex growth-dependent regulatory network. Quantitative comprehension of the molecular and metabolic mechanisms during bioprocesses is key to manipulating and improving rhamnolipid production capacities in @entity796 . In this study, @entity5175 was grown under @entity1568 limitation with sunflower oil as @entity505 and @entity1507 as @entity1568 source in a batch fermentation process. Gene expression was monitored using quantitative PCR over the entire time course. Until late deceleration phase, an increase in relative gene expression of the las, rhl, and pqs quorum-sensing regulons was observed. Thereafter, expression of the rhamnolipid synthesis genes, rhlA and rhlC, as well as the las regulon was downregulated. @entity21811 was shown to remain upregulated at the late phase of the fermentation process.

title: Expression of genes involved in rhamnolipid synthesis in XXXX in a bioreactor cultivation.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity5175 :: (208964,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1']


abstract: Previously we reported that @entity9013 ion ( @entity9016 ), a dopaminergic @entity2359 , induced apoptosis of GH3 cells established from @entity35 anterior pituitary. In the present study, the role of @entity9016 along with that of other apoptotic factors such as @entity141 and @entity274 in cell death was examined. @entity1360 induced DNA fragmentation and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage in GH3 cells. @entity274 also induced LDH leakage. Co-addition of @entity9016 , in conditions where @entity9016 had no effect by itself, enhanced @entity1360 - and @entity274 -induced cell death. Because the stimulation of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) causing @entity1426 (AA) release has been proposed to be involved in neuronal cell death, the effect of @entity9016 on AA release in GH3 cells was investigated. @entity9016 treatment for 8 h enhanced @entity1360 - and @entity274 -stimulated AA release mediated by activation of cytosolic PLA(2) in a concentration-dependent manner, although @entity9016 by itself had no effect on AA release. An inhibitor of cytosolic PLA(2) inhibited @entity9016 -induced cell death. These findings suggest a synergistic effect of @entity9016 on @entity141 - and @entity274 -induced cell death, and the involvement of cytosolic PLA(2) activation in @entity9016 -induced cell death in GH3 cells. Pretreatment with a caspase inhibitor or EGF did not modify the @entity1360 - or @entity274 -induced AA release, or enhancement by @entity9016 , but the pretreatment inhibited the cell death in the presence and absence of @entity9016 . The involvement of caspase(s) on activation of PLA(2) by @entity9016 was excluded, and EGF inhibited @entity9016 -induced cell death downstream of the AA release.

title: Possible involvement of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) in cell death induced by XXXX ion, a dopaminergic @entity2359 , in GH3 cells.

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['Ionomycin', 'ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity9013 :: ('MESH:D015655', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxin']

answer: @entity9013 :: (MESH:D015655,Chemical) :: ['1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define a valid criterion for treatment response as assessed by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) that exceeds random disease activity variations in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: We utilized anonymized data sets of @entity309 @entity1 from multiple rheumatology centers in Germany to identify @entity1 with stable responses to conventional or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy (discovery cohort). To evaluate fluctuations in DAS28 scores, we subjected @entity1 ' DAS28 scores at months 12, 18, and 24 to an analysis of variance model to establish a 1-sided 95% confidence interval for normal fluctuations; this value was used to define the critical difference (DAS28-dcrit ) for individual changes from baseline. The DAS28-dcrit value was then applied to analyses of therapeutic response in an adalimumab noninterventional study cohort. RESULTS: The discovery cohort included 415 @entity1 receiving stable treatment. Values for DAS28-dcrit were comparable regardless of age, sex, disease activity, and class of therapy (DMARDs or biologic agents) and fell below 1.8 in all subgroups. We therefore conclude that DAS28 improvements of 1.8 or higher are outside the normal variation and represent a therapeutic response. When applied to data from the adalimumab noninterventional study (n = 1,874), a DAS28-dcrit response was more robust over time than a European League Against @entity627 response and was more closely correlated with improved functional capacity. CONCLUSION: Based on our data, a DAS28-dcrit value of 1.8 signifies a positive individual therapeutic response that exceeds the threshold of random fluctuation. The DAS28-dcrit criterion may be useful in steering individual therapy and stratifying clinical trials.

title: Development and validation of a new disease activity score in 28 joints-based treatment response criterion for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total ankle replacement is becoming an increasingly used treatment for @entity1 with @entity571 of the ankle; however, there is limited literature available addressing the incidence of @entity1031 complications after total ankle replacement. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review addressing @entity715 prophylaxis and incidence of @entity1031 complications after total ankle replacement. Furthermore, we evaluated the incidence of @entity1031 complications in our clinic. METHODS: A systemic literature review was performed using established medical literature data bases. The following information was retrieved from the literature: @entity715 prophylaxis and duration and @entity6650 as @entity260 . The incidence of @entity1031 complications was evaluated in our @entity1 cohort including 964 total ankle replacement procedures. RESULTS: A total of 21 clinical studies were included in the systematic literature review. The range of incidence of @entity1031 complications was between 0.0  % and 4.8   %. In our @entity1 cohort the incidence of symptomatic @entity1150 was 3.4   %. There were no cases of @entity1151 . All @entity1 received low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity1031 complications in our @entity1 cohort was comparable to that of symptomatic @entity1150 in @entity1 undergoing total knee or hip replacement or ankle fusion. We suggest the prophylactic use of low molecular weight heparin for @entity1 after total ankle replacement.

title: [ XXXX following ankle prosthesis implantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6650 :: ('MESH:D016769', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolic complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the brain MRI characteristics of @entity35114 ( @entity35114 ) with known mutations in the @entity6823 gene ( @entity6823 ) on chromosome 5. METHODS: We reviewed 20 brain MRI scans of 15 @entity1 with autopsy- or biopsy-verified @entity35114 and @entity6823 mutations. We assessed sagittal T1-, axial T1-, T2-, proton density-weighted and axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images for distribution of @entity62 ( @entity62 ), gray matter involvement, and @entity194 . We calculated a severity score based on a point system (0-57) for each MRI scan. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 93% (14 of 15) demonstrated localized @entity62 with deep and subcortical involvement, whereas one @entity1 revealed generalized @entity62 . All @entity62 were bilateral but asymmetric and predominantly frontal. Fourteen @entity1 had a rapidly progressive clinical course with an initial MRI mean total severity score of 16.7 points (range 10-33.5). Gray matter pathology and @entity194 were absent, and the corticospinal tracts were involved late in the disease course. There was no enhancement, and there was minimal cerebellar pathology. CONCLUSION: Recognition of the typical MRI patterns of @entity35114 and the use of an MRI severity score might help during the diagnostic evaluation to characterize the natural history and to monitor potential future treatments. Indicators of rapid disease progression were symptomatic disease onset before 45 years, female sex, @entity62 extending beyond the frontal regions, a MRI severity score greater than 15 points, and mutation type of deletion.

title: MRI characteristics and scoring in @entity35114 due to XXXX gene mutations.

entities_list: @entity6823 :: ('1436', 'Gene') :: ['CSF1R', 'colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity35114 :: ('MESH:C580150', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids', 'HDLS']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'WMLs']

answer: @entity6823 :: (1436,Gene) :: ['CSF1R']


abstract: In the @entity238 larval cardiac tube, aorta and heart differentiation are controlled by the @entity17809 genes @entity4564 ( @entity4564 ) and @entity4534 ( @entity4534 ), respectively. There is evidence that the cardiac tube undergoes extensive morphological and functional changes during metamorphosis to form the adult organ, but both the origin of adult cardiac tube myocytes and the underlying genetic control have not been established. Using in vivo time-lapse analysis, we show that the adult @entity238 cardiac tube is formed during metamorphosis by the reprogramming of differentiated and already functional larval cardiomyocytes, without cell proliferation. We characterise the genetic control of the process, which is cell autonomously ensured by the modulation of @entity4564 expression and @entity4534 activity. Larval aorta myocytes are remodelled to differentiate into the functional adult heart, in a process that requires the regulation of @entity4564 expression. Conversely, the shape, polarity, function and molecular characteristics of the surviving larval contractile heart myocytes are profoundly transformed as these cells are reprogrammed to form the adult terminal chamber. This process is mediated by the regulation of @entity4534 protein function, which is successively required within these persisting myocytes for the acquisition of both larval and adult differentiated states. Importantly, @entity4534 specificity is switched at metamorphosis to induce a novel genetic program that leads to differentiation of the terminal chamber. Finally, the @entity134 hormone @entity4080 controls cardiac tube remodelling by impinging on both the regulation of @entity4564 expression and the modification of @entity4534 function. Our results shed light on the genetic control of one in vivo occurring remodelling process, which involves a @entity134 -dependent modification of @entity17809 expression and function.

title: @entity134 -dependent modification of XXXX function drives myocyte reprogramming in the @entity238 heart.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4080 :: ('MESH:D004440', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysone']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fruit fly', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity17809 :: (42536(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Hox']


abstract: An osteoarticular allograft was used to reconstruct a @entity1141 in sixteen @entity1 after resection of a @entity5 in the proximal end of the tibia. The status of each allograft and the condition of each involved limb were evaluated an average of nine years (range, six to fourteen years) postoperatively. The status of the allograft was evaluated according to the survival of the allograft and the occurrence of complications. Of the original sixteen allografts, seven were removed: six, between two and five years after the reconstruction and one, seven years after the reconstruction. A second reconstruction with use of an allograft was performed in five of the seven @entity1 . Fifteen complications occurred in association with eleven of the original sixteen allografts. These included fracture of the allograft (five @entity1 ), @entity2001 (five @entity1 ), @entity281 (two @entity1 ), non-union (two @entity1 ), and instability of the joint (one @entity1 ). At the latest follow-up examination, nine @entity1 had retained the original allograft, five had had a second allograft procedure, and two had had an above-the-knee amputation. The most recent result was rated excellent or good in eleven @entity1 and fair or a failure in five, with use of the system of Mankin et al. It was rated good or excellent in nine @entity1 and fair, poor, or a failure in six, and it was not rated in one @entity1 who had died, according to the system of the @entity85 Society.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Osteoarticular allografts for reconstruction after resection of a XXXX in the proximal end of the tibia.

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['subchondral collapse']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deficiency']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine outcomes of @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) in @entity1 with critical @entity543 who are deemed high risk for carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively analyzed for @entity1 undergoing @entity3538 between September 2002 and March 2011 at a single institution. @entity1 were classified as having either critical (>=  90%) or high-grade (70%-89%) @entity543 based on angiography. The primary composite end point was @entity64 , @entity583 , or death from any cause during the periprocedural period or any @entity64 during the follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 245 @entity1 underwent 257 @entity3538 procedures during the study period. Fifty-one percentage (n = 130) of cases involved critical @entity850 (66.2% male; mean age, 71    10 y), with the remaining group (n = 127) involving high-grade @entity850 (67.7% male; mean age, 71    9 y). Symptomatic @entity66 was present in 25% of the critical @entity850 and 31% of the high-grade @entity850 groups (P = 0.33). @entity1030 was more commonly found in the high-grade @entity850 group (20% versus 8%, P = 0.01). No difference was observed between the groups relative to other baseline demographic characteristics, presence of contralateral @entity432 , stent diameter or length, maximum balloon diameter or length, use of embolic protection device, or procedural duration. Technical success was achieved in all cases. There was no difference in the need to predilate before the introduction of the filter or stent based on the degree of @entity850 . We found no difference in the primary composite end point between the high-grade or critical @entity850 groups (7.1% versus 7.7%, P = 0.74), or there were no differences between the individual components of the composite end point. Mid-term survival was similar between the two groups at a mean follow-up period of 2.4 y. CONCLUSIONS: Despite concerns regarding the potential for @entity16 , our data demonstrate that @entity1 with high-grade and critical @entity850 are able to safely undergo @entity3538 and achieve similar periprocedural outcomes and mid-term prognosis.

title: Results of @entity3538 are equivalent for critical versus high-grade lesions in XXXX deemed high risk for carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['carotid angioplasty and stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['increased neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Excessive levels of @entity2661 are believed to contribute to @entity299 in a variety of disease states, including @entity583 and @entity712 , and are particularly implicated in stress-induced @entity296 , an increasingly recognized @entity296 associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We have previously shown that a high dose of @entity3044 induces reversible regional dysfunction of the left ventricle in @entity19 . We now hypothesize that @entity859 can prevent @entity299 in this @entity19 model of stress-induced @entity296 . Hundred male C57BL/6 @entity19 were injected with 400mg/kg @entity3044 and then randomized to either 400mg/kg @entity859 or saline. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography at baseline and 2, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 min post @entity3044 . @entity296 was quantified after 10 days. Intracellular lipid accumulation was quantified after 2 and 24h. Electrophysiological parameters and degree of lipid accumulation were evaluated in cultured @entity36461 cardiomyocytes. Two hours post @entity3044 treatment, echocardiographic parameters of global and posterior wall regional function were significantly better in @entity859 -treated @entity19 (P<0.05). This difference persisted at 24h, but saline-treated @entity19 gradually recovered over the next 96 h. Intracellular lipid accumulation was also significantly lower in @entity859 @entity19 . We found no sign of @entity82 in the @entity859 @entity19 , whereas the extent of @entity82 in @entity3044 @entity19 was 1.3% (P<0.05). Furthermore, @entity859 -treated @entity36461 cells showed preserved electrophysiological function and displayed less severe intracellular lipid accumulation in response to @entity3044 . In conclusion, @entity859 attenuates @entity3044 -induced @entity299 in @entity19 and cells.

title: @entity859 prevents XXXX -induced cardiac contractile and electrophysiological dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoprenaline']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging changes caused by intraluminal @entity715 of the lower extremities over time and to establish GRE MR imaging criteria to help distinguish acute from previous @entity1150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four @entity1 and six @entity1 , aged 38-76 years, underwent GRE MR imaging two to four time after the original diagnosis of @entity1150 ; eight also underwent confirmatory ultrasonography at that time. Follow-up was 3 months to 1 1/2 years. All @entity1 were treated with anticoagulants. Evidence of @entity715 , signal intensity characteristics, and MR imaging appearance were evaluated. RESULTS: Acute @entity715 was identified as an occlusion or prominent filling defect within the vessel. The luminal diameter of thrombosed veins was equal to or larger than that of a corresponding, unaffected vessel in each case. Acute @entity715 signal intensity tended to be decreased initially and increase over time. Residual changes due to @entity715 included the web formation (n = 3), luminal narrowing (n = 4), and wall thickening and/or slow flow (n = 5). Vessels in three @entity1 reverted to normal. CONCLUSION: GRE MR imaging demonstrated progressive changes of venous @entity715 over time. These criteria may help distinguish @entity1150 from the residual changes of previous @entity715 .

title: XXXX : gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging changes over time--experience in 10 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'acute deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['Deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, sequential, multicenter clinical trial of two doses of Sygen versus placebo. OBJECTIVES: To determine efficacy and safety of Sygen in acute @entity1566 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: An earlier, single-center trial in 28 @entity1 showed an improvement (50.0% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.034) in marked recovery with Sygen. METHODS: Standard clinical trial techniques. RESULTS: The prospectively planned analysis at the prespecified endpoint time for all @entity1 was negative. There was a significant effect in all @entity1 in the primary outcome variable (the percentage of marked recovery) at week 8, the end of the dosing period. There was a significant effect in all @entity1 in the time at which marked recovery is first achieved. Restricted to severity Group B, which has small sample size, the primary efficacy analysis showed a trend but did not reach significance. There is a large, consistent and, at some time points, significant effect in the primary outcome variable in the nonoperated @entity1 through week 26. The American @entity3510 Association motor, light touch, and pinprick scores showed a consistent trend in favor of Sygen, as also did bowel function, bladder function, sacral sensation, and anal contraction. The less severely injured @entity1 appeared to have a greater beneficial drug effect. Evidence against an effect of Sygen was minimal and scattered. CONCLUSIONS: Although not proven in the primary efficacy analysis of this trial, Sygen appears to be beneficial in @entity1 with severe @entity1566 .

title: The Sygen multicenter acute XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity14220 ( @entity14220 ) is a strong heritable risk factor for @entity0 , and may decrease with increasing parity. However, the biomolecular basis for @entity14220 -associated @entity0 remains unclear, and systemic hormonal effects on @entity14220 -associated risk is poorly understood. This study assessed the effect of @entity19 peripartum states on high and low @entity14220 tissue maintained in a xenograft model of @entity1 @entity14220 . Method High and low @entity14220 @entity1 breast tissues were precisely sampled under radiographic guidance from prophylactic mastectomy specimens of @entity1 . The high and low @entity14220 tissues were maintained in separate vascularised biochambers in nulliparous or pregnant @entity915 @entity19 for 4  weeks, or @entity19 undergoing postpartum involution or lactation for three additional weeks. High and low @entity14220 biochamber material was harvested for histologic and radiographic comparisons during various @entity19 peripartum states. High and low @entity14220 biochamber tissues in nulliparous @entity19 were harvested at different timepoints for histologic and radiographic comparisons. Results High @entity14220 biochamber tissues had decreased stromal (p  =  0.0027), increased adipose (p  =  0.0003) and a trend to increased glandular tissue areas (p  =  0.076) after @entity19 postpartum involution. Stromal areas decreased (p  =  0.042), while glandular (p  =  0.001) and adipose areas (p  =  0.009) increased in high @entity14220 biochamber tissues during lactation. A difference in radiographic density was observed in high (p  =  0.0021) or low @entity14220 biochamber tissues (p  =  0.004) between nulliparous, pregnant and involution groups. No differences in tissue composition were observed in high or low @entity14220 biochamber tissues maintained for different durations, although radiographic density increased over time. Conclusion High @entity14220 biochamber tissues had measurable histologic changes after postpartum involution or lactation. Alterations in radiographic density occurred in biochamber tissues between different peripartum states and over time. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of the @entity1 @entity14220 xenograft model, providing a platform for studying the biomolecular basis of @entity14220 -associated @entity5 risk.

title: Dynamic changes in high and low mammographic density @entity1 breast tissues maintained in @entity19 tissue engineering chambers during various XXXX peripartum states and over time.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14220 :: ('MESH:C564595', 'Disease') :: ['Mammographic density', 'MD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity43 is one of the leading causes of @entity5 death for @entity1 throughout the Western world. @entity15605 , a natural flavonoid, has shown promise in the chemoprevention of @entity43 . A common concern about using dietary supplements for chemoprevention is their bioavailability. Nanoparticles have shown promise in increasing the bioavailability of some chemicals. Here we developed five different types of nanoparticles incorporating @entity15605 and tested their efficacy in the inhibition of viability of cancerous and normal ovarian cells. We found that positively charged nanoparticle formulations did not lead to a significant reduction in @entity5 cell viability, whereas nonionic polymeric nanoparticles resulted in enhanced @entity5 cell viability. Among the nonionic polymeric nanoparticles, @entity45102 ( @entity45102 ) nanoparticles incorporating @entity15605 led to significant reduction in cell viability of both cancerous and normal cells. @entity10124 ( @entity7050 ) nanoparticles incorporating @entity15605 resulted in enhanced @entity5 cell viability together with no significant reduction in cell viability of normal cells compared with @entity15605 alone. Therefore, both @entity45102 and @entity7050 nanoparticle formulations were effective in reducing @entity5 cell viability, while @entity7050 nanoparticles incorporating @entity15605 had selective @entity137 against @entity5 cells and normal cells. A @entity7050 nanoparticle formulation could be advantageous in the prevention and treatment of @entity43 . On the other hand, @entity45102 nanoparticles incorporating @entity15605 were more effective inhibitors of @entity5 cells, but they also significantly reduced the viability of normal cells. @entity45102 nanoparticles incorporating @entity15605 may be suitable as a @entity5 -targeting strategy, which could limit the effects of the nanoparticles on normal cells while retaining their potency against @entity5 cells. We have identified two nanoparticle formulations incorporating @entity15605 that may lead to breakthroughs in @entity5 treatment. Both @entity45102 and @entity7050 nanoparticle formulations had superior effects compared with @entity15605 alone in reducing @entity5 cell viability.

title: XXXX nanoparticles achieve strong and selective inhibition of @entity43 cell viability.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol', 'Kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'reduction of cancer']

entities_list: @entity10124 :: ('CHEBI:53493', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)']

entities_list: @entity45102 :: ('MESH:C116176', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)', 'PEO-PPO-PEO']

answer: @entity15605 :: (MESH:C006552,Chemical) :: ['Kaempferol']


abstract: @entity177 after prior wrist surgeries with major articular destruction is challenging. In most cases, total wrist fusion is the only possible salvage procedure. We propose a new interposition arthroplasty with a @entity24933 implant called Amandys. A total of 16 @entity1 , 14 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , with a mean age of 56 years were operated on for a failure of wrist surgery performed previously, with an average time lapse of 12 years. The prior surgeries were partial wrist arthrodesis in seven cases, @entity1346 implant interpositions in five cases, advanced @entity66 (Lichtman IV) treatment in two cases, proximal row carpectomy in one case, and an isolated scaphoidectomy in one case. A prospective study with clinical and radiological evaluation was performed with a mean follow-up of 24 months (6 to 41 months). @entity158 and function showed significant improvement. The mean @entity158 score decreased from 7 of 10 to 4 of 10, postoperatively. The mean grip strength was 19 kg (53% of the contralateral side), and the mean range of motion in flexion extension was 68 degrees. Mean strength and range of motion did not change significantly with the operation. The mean QuickDASH (Disability Arm Shoulder and Hand) score decreased from 59 of 100 to 39 of 100. The mean @entity1 -Rated Wrist Evaluation decreased from 57 of 100 to 33. Two @entity1 (12.5%) required revision for implant repositioning. No dislocation or subsidence of the implant was noted. @entity24933 interposition arthroplasty is a new option for treatment of advanced wrist destruction. Preliminary short-term results suggest that it may be a reliable alternative to total wrist fusion. The level of evidence of this study is IV (therapeutic case series).

title: XXXX interposition wrist arthroplasty in the treatment of failed wrist procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Kienb  ck disease']

entities_list: @entity24933 :: ('MESH:C009139', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrocarbon', 'Pyrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Treatment of failures']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity24933 :: (MESH:C009139,Chemical) :: ['Pyrocarbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To further characterize hypothyroidemia with decreased serum concentrations of total @entity1954 and total T4 in @entity1 with functional @entity1640 . DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: University of California San Diego Clinical Research Center. @entity1 (S): 8 @entity1 with functional @entity1640 ( @entity6126 or normogonadotropic @entity2588 of at least 6 months duration) and 9 normal cycling @entity1 in the early follicular phase of their cycles. INTERVENTION(S): 24-hour frequent blood sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Comparison of levels of thyroid hormones and binding proteins between functional @entity1640 and normal cycling @entity1 . Measurements of serum free T4, free @entity1954 , total T4, total @entity1954 , reverse @entity1954 , thyroid-binding globulin, albumin, and prealbumin levels and determination of T4 binding and binding affinity to each of the three binding proteins. RESULT(S): The results confirmed reduced levels of total @entity1954 and total T4, but revealed no significant difference in free @entity1954 and free T4, as well as reverse @entity1954 , levels between functional @entity1640 and normal cycling women. Although serum levels of thyroid hormone-binding proteins were similar between normal cycling @entity1 and functional @entity1640 , a significant decrease in T4 bound to thyroid-binding globulin along with a decrease in apparent affinity of thyroid-binding globulin for T4 was present in functional @entity1640 . No differences in prealbumin- or albumin-T4 interactions were found. CONCLUSION(S): In functional @entity1640 , a reduced thyroid-binding globulin binding affinity appears to explain the disparity between normal levels of free @entity1954 , free T4, and binding proteins in the face of reduced levels of total @entity1954 and total T4.

title: Altered binding of serum thyroid hormone to thyroxine-binding globulin in @entity1 with functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotropic']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic amenorrhea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An impairment of the spatial deployment of @entity227 during exploration of static (i.e., motionless) stimuli is a common finding after an acute, right-hemispheric @entity64 . However, less is known about how these deficits: a) are modulated through naturalistic motion (i.e., without directional, specific spatial features); and, b) evolve in the subacute/chronic post- @entity64 phase. In the present study, we investigated free visual exploration in three @entity1 groups with subacute/chronic right-hemispheric @entity64 and in healthy subjects. The first group included @entity1 with left visual neglect and a left @entity227 ( @entity227 ), the second @entity1 with a left @entity227 but no neglect, and the third @entity1 without neglect or @entity227 . Eye movements were measured in all @entity1 while they freely explored a traffic scene without (static condition) and with (dynamic condition) naturalistic motion, i.e., cars moving from the right or left. In the static condition, all @entity1 groups showed similar deployment of visual exploration (i.e., as measured by the cumulative fixation duration) as compared to healthy subjects, suggesting that recovery processes took place, with normal spatial allocation of attention. However, the more demanding dynamic condition with moving cars elicited different re-distribution patterns of @entity227 , quite similar to those typically observed in @entity64 . Neglect @entity1 with @entity227 showed a significant decrease of visual exploration in the contralesional space, whereas @entity1 with @entity227 but no neglect showed a significant increase of visual exploration in the contralesional space. No differences, as compared to healthy subjects, were found in @entity1 without neglect or @entity227 . These results suggest that naturalistic motion, without directional, specific spatial features, may critically influence the spatial distribution of @entity227 in subacute/chronic @entity64 @entity1 .

title: The influence of naturalistic, directionally non-specific motion on the spatial deployment of @entity227 in right-hemispheric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual attention', 'VFD']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity1 presented with passage of fresh blood mixed with clots per rectum. In the ER, she was found to have bright red blood per rectum with clots, with frank blood on nasogastric tube. She was on @entity3926 for @entity955 and @entity117 , with intermittent intake of @entity5018 . Vitals were positive for @entity551 . The pertinent findings in the physical examination were altered mental status with orientation*1, weak peripheral pulses, irregularly irregular heart rate, and bilateral pitting @entity4 2+ in bilateral lower extremities. @entity1 was intubated and put on mechanical ventilation. A massive transfusion protocol was followed. Laboratories and imaging: hemoglobin/hematocrit, 7.2/22.1; white blood cells, 7.7, platelet, 210; international normalized ratio, 2.5; prothrombin time, 19.2; activated partial thromboplastin time, 88.2; CMP was WNL; @entity3876 , 621; fibrinogen, 500 mg/dL. Electrocardiogram showed @entity955 with @entity63 . Ultrasonography of the liver and gallbladder showed no acute pathology. Echocardiogram showed an EF of 70% with hyperdynamic LV. @entity1 was transferred to the intensive care unit. @entity3926 , @entity117 , and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were discontinued, and antihypertensives were held. She was given blood and FFPs. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and coagulation profile was monitored every 6 hours. Gastroenterology, general surgery, interventional radiology, and hematology services were called stat. IR placed a double-lumen, power central venous catheter. In gastroenterology, EGD and colonoscopy was performed, which showed active bleed at distal esophagus, stopped with local @entity1425 . No active bleed seen on colonoscopy. The @entity1 was put on Nexium drip. Hematology service recommended @entity556 time (>200) and factors 2, 5, 7, 9, 10-41(l), 80, 68, 48(l), 61. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time mixing studies were done, which indicated the presence of @entity556 inhibition. Prothrombin complex concentrate at 50 U/kg was started to reverse the effect of @entity3926 , and platelets were transfused to reverse the effect of @entity117 . They also discussed that the half-life of @entity3926 being 17 hours, and the drug would not be toxic at this point, as the @entity1 was already 24-hour inpatient by now. The hemoglobin trend: 7.4 > 6.4 > 8.2 > 7.5 > 6.6. At this point, the need for further intervention in form of hemodialysis or plasmapheresis was considered. The @entity1 was given plasmapheresis and hemoglobin and hematocrit stabilized. The @entity1 was kept on continued mechanical ventilator support for the night and extubated next day. The hemodynamics stabilized and the @entity1 was transferred to the general medical floors after 1 day of observation, after extubation.

title: Direct XXXX inhibitors: a case indicating benefit from 'plasmapheresis' in toxicity: a call for establishing "guidelines" in overdose and to find an "antidote"!

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['inferolateral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran', 'dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: AIMS: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in cardiac remodelling. @entity14859 is essential for the expression of the genes involved in @entity1283 and @entity82 . The mechanism of regulation of @entity14859 involved in @entity1283 by mechanical stress is still unclear. We sought to investigate the mechanism of regulation of @entity14859 and the target gene of @entity14859 in cardiac cells by mechanical stretch. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity35 H9c2 cells ( @entity299 ) grown on a flexible membrane base were stretched via vacuum to 20% of maximum elongation at 60 cycles/min. Mechanical stretch significantly enhanced @entity14859 expression after 4 h of stretch. Exogenous addition of @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) increased @entity14859 expression, and pre-treatment with @entity1810 antibody attenuated the @entity14859 expression induced by stretch. Mechanical stretch significantly increased @entity45525 and collagen I expression for 6-24 h. Exogenous addition of @entity1810 and overexpression of @entity14859 up-regulated @entity45525 and collagen I expression, while antagomir208a and @entity15927 /4 inhibitor attenuated @entity45525 and collagen I expression induced by stretch. Mechanical stretch and @entity1810 increased @entity15927 /4-DNA binding activity and @entity14859 promoter activity, and @entity1810 antibody and @entity15927 /4 inhibitor decreased the @entity15927 /4-DNA binding activity and @entity14859 promoter activity induced by stretch. CONCLUSION: Cyclic mechanical stretch enhances @entity14859 expression in cultured @entity35 @entity299 . The stretch-induced @entity14859 is mediated by @entity1810 . @entity14859 activates @entity45525 expression and may result in @entity299 .

title: Mechanical stretch via @entity1810 activates microRNA208a to regulate @entity45525 expression in cultured XXXX @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myoblasts', 'cardiac fibrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether, in @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ), disease severity is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and impact on the family. METHODS: Cross-sectional, single-centre study comparing HRQOL outcomes of age and sex matched @entity1 with @entity509 of the left ventricle (HLV) (n = 31) and tetralogy of Fallot (n = 29) was performed in Queensland, Australia. HRQOL was assessed using generic and disease-specific components of the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory Measurement Model (PedsQL). Intra-diagnostic age group comparisons of HRQOL were examined. Impact of @entity299 on families and parental HRQOL was assessed using the PedsQL Family Impact Scale. RESULTS: @entity1 and parent-proxy reporting indicate @entity1 with HLV have significantly lower overall HRQOL than @entity1 with tetralogy of Fallot across generic domains of HRQOL (P < 0.0001), with significantly lower scores in physical (P < 0.0001) and psychosocial (P < 0.0001) health domains. No significant difference in @entity1 reporting across domains of the Cardiac Module is evident. Parent-proxy reporting indicates significantly lower scores on the symptom scales for @entity1 with HLV (P < 0.001), with greater cognitive problems (P < 0.02) and perceived treatment @entity148 (P < 0.01). No significant differences in HRQOL were identified between age groups. HLV has a greater overall family impact, with significantly lower parental HRQOL (P = 0.0001) and family functioning (P < 0.0001) summary scores. CONCLUSIONS: The more severe condition of HLV is associated with poorer HRQOL in some domains and has greater impact on parental HRQOL and family functioning.

title: Health-related quality of life and XXXX in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: The purpose of this pilot was to assess the tolerability and efficacy of @entity5923 as a pharmacological chaperone in @entity1 with symptomatic, type 1 @entity1120 who present with measurable disease parameters but are not receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in order to provide proof of concept and/or ascertain the suitability of @entity5923 for a larger clinical trial. The Israeli Ministry of Health Form 29c was employed to prescribe @entity5923 for off-label use. Twelve @entity1 were dispensed 2 capsules of 75 mg of @entity5923 daily for 6 months. There were 8 females (66.7%). Mean age at entry was 41.1 (range: 24-63) years. Mean body weight at entry was 66.4 (range: 46.5-100) kg. One @entity1 withdrew because of a @entity56 , one because of elective splenectomy. No @entity1 experienced clinically relevant deterioration in disease parameters measured. One @entity1 achieved a robust response relative to baseline: +16.2% hemoglobin; +32.9% platelets; -2.8% liver volume; and -14.4% spleen volume. Three @entity1 , including the above one, elected to continue on @entity5923 for a further 6 months: hemoglobin levels and liver volumes were relatively stable, but platelet counts further increased in the above @entity1 (+52.6% from baseline) and spleen volumes decreased further in all three @entity1 (-6.4%, -18.6%, and -23.4% from baseline). Thus, @entity5923 may be a safe option for @entity1120 @entity1 with potential disease-specific efficacy and should be expanded into a clinical trial using higher doses and placebo-controlled design.

title: Pilot study using @entity5923 as a pharmacological chaperone in type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity5923 :: ('MESH:D000551', 'Chemical') :: ['ambroxol']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease']


abstract: Unlike simpler organisms, @entity2199 possesses several distinct chemosensory pathways and chemotactic mechanisms. These mechanisms and pathways are individually capable of driving chemotaxis in a chemical concentration gradient. However, it is not understood if they are redundant or co-operate in more sophisticated ways. Here we examine the specialisation of different chemotactic mechanisms in a model of chemotaxis to @entity1219 . We explore the performance of different chemotactic mechanisms in a range of chemical gradients and show that, in the model, far from being redundant, the mechanisms are specialised both for different environments and for distinct features within those environments. We also show that the chemotactic drive mediated by the ASE pathway is not robust to the presence of noise in the chemical gradient. This problem cannot be solved along the ASE pathway without destroying its ability to drive chemotaxis. Instead, we show that robustness to noise can be achieved by introducing a second, much slower @entity1219 -sensing pathway. This secondary pathway is simpler than the ASE pathway, in the sense that it can respond to either up-steps or down-steps in @entity1219 but not both, and could correspond to one of several candidates in the literature which we identify and evaluate. This work provides one possible explanation of why there are multiple @entity1219 sensing pathways and chemotactic mechanisms in @entity2199 : rather than being redundant the different pathways and mechanism are specialised both for the characteristics of different environments and for distinct features within a single environment.

title: The role of multiple chemotactic mechanisms in a model of chemotaxis in XXXX : different mechanisms are specialised for different environments.

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the outcomes of 656 consecutive parathyroid explorations performed by a single surgeon and to compare the results of conventional and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) techniques. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Traditional surgery for @entity459 (HPTH) involves bilateral cervical exploration, which is usually accomplished under general endotracheal anesthesia. The @entity3 technique involves preoperative localization with sestamibi scans, surgeon-administered cervical block anesthesia, directed exploration through a small incision, intraoperative rapid parathyroid hormone assay, and discharge within 2 to 3 hours of surgery. METHODS: Six hundred fifty-six consecutive @entity1 with primary HPTH underwent exploration between January 1990 and March 2001. RESULTS: @entity3 was used with ever-increasing frequency beginning in March 1998. Four hundred one procedures (61%) were performed using the standard technique and 255 @entity1 (39%) were selected for @entity3 . The success rate for the entire series was 98%, with no significant differences comparing traditional and @entity3 techniques. The overall complication rate of 2.3% reflects 3.0% and 1.2% rates in the standard and @entity3 groups, respectively. @entity3 was associated with approximately a 50% reduction in operating time, a sevenfold reduction in length of hospital stay, and a mean cost savings of  2,693 per procedure, which represents nearly a 50% reduction in total hospital charges. CONCLUSIONS: A dramatic and sustained shift has occurred in the surgical treatment of primary HPTH: @entity3 has replaced traditional exploration for most @entity1 .

title: Six hundred fifty-six consecutive explorations for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['minimally invasive parathyroidectomy', 'MIP']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment alternatives for @entity1 with incapacitating @entity943 related to an accessory atrioventricular pathway include transcatheter radiofrequency (RF) ablation, surgical division and long-term antiarrhythmic therapy (medical). AIM: The aim of this study was to compare in terms of cost and efficacy, transcatheter, surgical and medical treatment of @entity1 with incapacitating @entity943 resulting from an accessory pathway. METHODS: The study population consisted of 52 @entity1 who underwent transcatheter RF ablation (20 consecutive @entity1 ), surgical treatment (20) and medical treatment (12). Two types of economic analysis were used. In all groups, a resource based costing method was used and in the medical and surgical treatment groups, a diagnostic related group (DRG) based costing method was used. RESULTS: Eighteen out of 20 (90%) @entity1 who underwent catheter ablation remained asymptomatic during 8.4 +/- 1.6 months of follow-up. All surgically treated @entity1 remained asymptomatic during 54 +/- 15 months of follow-up. Only one of the 12 @entity1 in the medical treatment group remained completely free of symptoms during the mean 58 +/- 23 month follow-up period. The mean cost (1992 Australian dollars) per @entity1 , calculated on the basis of actual resources used (with a DRG based costing given in brackets), was  2746 +/-  800 for catheter ablation,  12141 +/-  4465 ( 12880 +/-  3998) for surgical treatment and  1713 +/-  748 ( 1967 +/-  33) for medical treatment. The total cost of management over 20 years is estimated to be:  2911 for catheter ablation,  17467 for surgery and  4959 for medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the long term transcatheter RF ablation is the most cost-effective treatment strategy for @entity1 with incapacitating @entity943 related to an accessory pathway.

title: The cost-effectiveness of treatment of XXXX related to an accessory atrioventricular pathway: comparison of catheter ablation, surgical division and medical treatment.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity4924 is a rare @entity299 , accounting for about 0.5% of all @entity299 . We report our experience with the @entity154 as encountered at the Sudan Heart Centre from July 2004 to April 2005. Diagnosis was based on the echocardiographic demonstration of displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve towards the ventricular apex by greater than 8 millimetres per metre squared. RESULTS: In a period of 10 months, we identified 12 @entity1 with the @entity600 , this number constituting 2% of all @entity1 seen with @entity299 . The age ranged from 2 weeks to 35 years. Of the @entity1 , half were asymptomatic, while the other half presented with @entity712 , 4 of these having cyanosis in addition to @entity712 . Associated diseases included @entity177 , impaired hearing, stunted growth, and @entity245 . Electrocardiographic abnormalities included peaked and tall P waves, seen in four-fifths, an Rsr pattern, first degree @entity713 , @entity955 , and @entity3153 , including the Mahaim pattern of pre-excitation. @entity66 diagnosed echocardiographically included @entity118 , prolapse of the leaflets of the mitral valve, @entity1002 , @entity439 , @entity849 , and @entity2294 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4924 was seen four times more frequently at the Sudan Heart Centre when compared to the average frequency reported in the Western literature. Many of the @entity66 encountered in Sudan had not previously been reported.

title: Clinical and echocardiographic features of @entity4924 in Sudanese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure', 'congestive cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's malformation"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Associated abnormalities', 'associated diseases']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valvar stenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac malformation', 'congenital cardiac lesions', 'congenital cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4729 and @entity2440 are two major transcription factors related to the stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between these two stemness markers with recurrence, @entity3 , and prognosis of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: Expression of @entity4729 and @entity2440 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a random cohort of 228 @entity157 @entity1 ( @entity1129 ), predominantly @entity1956 related, and validated in another independent cohort of 95 @entity1 (cohort B). Survival analysis was performed by univariate and multivariate analyses. @entity4729 and @entity2440 expression levels in 5 @entity157 cell lines with different metastatic potential were detected by Western blot assay and quantitative real-time PCR assay. RESULTS: In tissue microarrays, coexpression of @entity4729 and @entity2440 was dramatically associated with big @entity5 size (P = .001) and vascular invasion (P = .02) and was an independent predictor of postoperative recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.57, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI] 1.21-2.04, P = .01) and poor prognosis (HR = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.71-2.88, P < .001). This association was further validated in @entity1 in cohort B. Importantly, this correlation remained significant in @entity1 with early-stage @entity157 or @entity160 ( @entity160 ) negative @entity157 . In addition, expression of @entity4729 and @entity2440 increased in a concordant manner with the increase of metastatic potential in @entity1 @entity157 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Coexpression of stemness markers @entity4729 and @entity2440 in @entity157 indicated the aggressive @entity5 behaviors and predicted a worse clinical outcome, which may be a useful biomarker to identify @entity1 at high risk of postoperative recurrence.

title: Coexpression of stemness factors XXXX and @entity2440 predict liver resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity4729 :: (5460,Gene) :: ['Oct4']


abstract: PURPOSE: Unenhanced helical computerized tomography (CT) has proved to be an excellent diagnostic tool for evaluating acute @entity812 with reported 95% to 100% sensitivity, 92% to 100% specificity, 96% to 100% positive and 91% to 100% negative predictive values. The diagnostic value of a new low dose protocol was prospectively studied and compared with the results of conventional unenhanced helical CT in a previous series with an effective dose equivalent (HE) of 3.1 to 4.3 @entity2073 . and in current literature with an estimated HE of 4.3 to 4.7 @entity2073 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 109 @entity1 18 to 86 years old with acute @entity812 we performed low dose unenhanced helical CT in addition to abdominal ultrasound and urinalysis with new CT parameters (120 kV. 70 mA., 5 mm. collimation, pitch 2 and incremental reconstruction each 5 mm.) that led to a more than 50% decrease in radiation exposure to 1.50 @entity2073 . in females and 0.98 @entity2073 . in males. @entity1607 were confirmed or excluded by retrograde ureteropyelography in 51 cases. In the other cases the diagnosis was verified by the clinical and ultrasound course, and/or stone asservation. RESULTS: In 80 of the 109 @entity1 the @entity812 was caused by a @entity1607 . Low dose unenhanced helical CT precisely identified 77 ureteral calculi with 1 false-positive finding. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of low dose unenhanced helical CT were 96% and 97% with a 99% positive and 90% negative predictive value. In 15 of 29 @entity1 with CT findings negative for stone disease different causes of @entity158 were established by low dose unenhanced helical CT. CONCLUSIONS: Even with the significantly decreased radiation exposure of the low dose protocol unenhanced helical CT is still an excellent and rapid diagnostic tool for evaluating acute @entity812 with lower radiation exposure than excretory urography (HE 1.3 to 2.3 @entity2073 .) at our departments. Only in @entity28 @entity1 with a body mass index of greater than 31 kg./m.2 is conventional unenhanced helical CT with higher radiation exposure recommended to achieve adequate image quality.

title: Low dose unenhanced helical computerized tomography for the evaluation of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculus', 'Ureteral calculi']

answer: @entity812 :: (MESH:D021501,Disease) :: ['flank pain']


abstract: Two hundred ten spring-born English crossbred beef heifers were used in two experiments in consecutive years using a randomized complete block design. The objectives were to determine the effects of increasing dietary intake of ruminally undegradable protein or @entity6137 on the occurrence of puberty and to elucidate the mechanism by which @entity6193 decreases age of puberty in beef heifers. Diets were fed for 120 d beginning in mid-November and consisted of mature grass hay and @entity2247 straw with .45 kg.animal-1 x d-1 supplement (CON) formulated to obtain .4 kg.animal-1 x d-1 of BW gain; .5 kg of supplement similar to CON and containing an additional 250 g of ruminally undegradable intake protein supplied from blood and @entity4336 gluten meal ( @entity2416 ); .45 kg of supplement similar to CON composition and containing 400 g.animal-1 x d-1 of a 50% water and 50% @entity6137 mixture (PROP); or .45 kg of supplement similar to CON supplying 200 mg.animal-1 x d-1 of @entity6193 (MON). The hay:straw ratio in each diet was adjusted biweekly, to maintain similar BW gains for heifers fed each dietary treatment. As planned, BW gains were similar (P > .1) for all heifers. The heifers fed MON were 21 d younger (P < .05) at first estrus than heifers fed @entity2416 ; CON and PROP were intermediate and similar to heifers fed MON and @entity2416 . The heifers fed @entity2416 were 7 to 8 kg heavier (P < .05) at puberty than CON- or PROP-treated heifers. The heifers fed PROP were 6 kg heavier (P < .1) at puberty than heifers fed MON. Heifers that received @entity2416 required less (P < .05) TDN than did heifers that received CON or PROP to achieve similar gain. Pregnancy rate was similar for all treatment groups. Feeding @entity2416 in excess of NRC CP requirements may improve energy utilization of heifers fed mature roughages but may delay the onset of puberty compared with heifers fed @entity6193 . This study demonstrated that nutrient composition of the diet may influence age of puberty independent of growth rate.

title: The effects of ruminally undegradable protein, @entity6137 , and XXXX on puberty and pregnancy in beef heifers.

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['monensin']

entities_list: @entity6137 :: ('MESH:C029658', 'Chemical') :: ['propionic acid']

answer: @entity6193 :: (MESH:D008985,Chemical) :: ['monensin']


abstract: The budding @entity375 kinetochore is ~68 nm in length with a diameter slightly larger than a 25 nm microtubule. The kinetochores from the 16 chromosomes are organized in a stereotypic cluster encircling central spindle microtubules. Quantitative analysis of the inner kinetochore cluster ( @entity40653 , COMA) reveals structural features not apparent in singly attached kinetochores. The cluster of @entity40653 -containing kinetochores is physically larger perpendicular to the spindle axis relative to the cluster of @entity26059 molecules. If there was a single @entity40653 (molecule or nucleosome) at the kinetochore attached to each microtubule plus end, the cluster of @entity40653 would appear geometrically identical to @entity26059 . Thus, the structure of the inner kinetochore at the surface of the chromosomes remains unsolved. We have used point fluorescence microscopy and statistical probability maps to deduce the two-dimensional mean position of representative components of the @entity375 kinetochore relative to the mitotic spindle in metaphase. Comparison of the experimental images to three-dimensional architectures from convolution of mathematical models reveals a pool of @entity40653 radially displaced from @entity40653 at the kinetochore and kinetochore microtubule plus ends. The pool of displaced @entity40653 can be experimentally depleted in mRNA processing @entity6777   or @entity32018   mutants. The peripheral @entity40653 molecules do not template outer kinetochore components. This study suggests an inner kinetochore plate at the centromere-microtubule interface in budding @entity375 and yields information on the number of @entity26059 molecules at the microtubule attachment site.

title: A 3D map of the XXXX kinetochore reveals the presence of core and accessory centromere-specific histone.

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the novel use of sweat patches in outpatients attending a @entity284 maintenance clinic. DESIGN: Assessment of inter-patch reliability and validity of patch results compared to urine tests at the start and end of the patch period. Semi-structured questionnaire on @entity1 ' opinion of the patches. Randomized cross-over trial comparing illicit drug use during the week that the patch was worn with a control period. SETTING: @entity284 maintenance outpatient clinic in a deprived urban area. @entity1 : Forty-eight @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity4784 prescribed @entity284 for a median of 5 years. MEASUREMENTS: Analysis of urine and patch tests by standard methods for @entity284 , opiates, @entity1286 ( @entity4521 metabolite) and @entity3234 ( @entity2072 metabolite). FINDINGS: There was good inter-patch reliability between arm and side patches for @entity284 (all positive), opiates (k = 0.8) and @entity1286 (k = 1.0) but only moderate agreement for @entity3234 (k = 0.49). There was good agreement between the sweat patches and urine tests for @entity284 (all positive), opiates (k = 1.00) and @entity1286 (k = 0.8), but again only moderate agreement for @entity3234 (k = 0.50). The patches were well tolerated and the main side effect was minor irritation. The majority of @entity1 preferred a urine test while more @entity1 preferred a sweat patch. There was no evidence of reduced use of illicit drugs the period that the patch was worn. CONCLUSION: Sweat patches are reliable and give valid results for @entity1 on maintenance @entity284 . There are few side effects and it is practical to use them in busy outpatient clinics. They are preferred by some @entity1 but there was no evidence that they altered behaviour.

title: Detection of drug use in a XXXX maintenance clinic: sweat patches versus urine testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opiate addiction']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['Methadone', 'methadone']

entities_list: @entity3234 :: ('MESH:C005618', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoylecgonine']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: This study was designed to determine whether the metabolic adaptations developed by frogs to tolerate natural events of hypothermic @entity519 would precondition its liver for ex vivo organ storage. The metabolic responses of the frog, Rana castabiena, were compared to those of a @entity1 system ( @entity35 ) throughout a prolonged period of organ storage. Livers from @entity35 and frogs were flushed and stored in UW solution at 5 degrees C for periods of 24-96 h. In frog livers, @entity855 was maintained high and constant over the first 24 h of storage; values ranged from 2.7 to 3.0 micro mol/g. Even after 96 h cold storage, @entity855 remained > 1.0 micro mol/g. In contrast, @entity855 levels in stored @entity35 livers dropped rapidly, and by 4 h @entity855 was 1.2 micro mol/g. In terms of anaerobic endproduct accumulation, @entity880 levels rose 5.8 micro mol/g in frog liver (over 96 h) and by 8.6 micro mol/g in @entity35 liver (over 24 h). This difference in flux through glycolysis was also reflected in relative rates of @entity1735 catabolism (i.e., @entity413 + @entity880 production). The rate of @entity1735 catabolism for frog liver was 0.74 micro mol/g/h compared to 2.26 micro mol/g/h for @entity35 liver; a Q10 value of 6.2 was estimated for livers from R. castabiena. An assessment of glycolytic enzyme activities revealed that key differences in the responsiveness of @entity2388 kinase to allosteric modifiers may have been responsible for the marked drop in the rate of anaerobic energy production in frog tissues. Although the concept of depressed metabolism in a lower vertebrate is not new, the data presented in this study demonstrate that a depressed metabolic state can be achieved in isolated livers from R. castabiena simply through cold exposure. With respect to clinical relevance, the results of this study indicate that energetics of stored livers can be maintained effectively through an efficient reduction in energy use in combination with a slow, yet continuous, rate of energy production facilitated by glycolysis.

title: Metabolic adaptations of a lower vertebrate to long-term hypothermic XXXX provide clues to successful clinical liver preservation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ) occurs in @entity1 undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation and chemotherapy. The chemotherapeutic drugs @entity901 and @entity786 cause @entity5501 . @entity5420 oil is a nutrient-rich antioxidant popular in alternative medicine. It contains @entity44792 , @entity44793 , and @entity44794 , all of which contribute to its antioxidant property. The authors investigated the protective effect of prophylactic @entity5420 oil against @entity6560 -induced @entity5501 in @entity35 . METHODS: Male @entity35 were gavaged with a single dose of @entity5420 oil (0.5, 1, 2, or 4 mL/kg). One hour later, those @entity35 were gavaged with @entity6560 (90 mg/kg) to induce @entity5501 . Control @entity35 were treated with saline only. @entity492 transaminase, @entity493 transaminase, laminin, collagen, @entity1589 , @entity1507 content, lipid peroxidation, @entity2041 levels, @entity6929 , and @entity6930 were assessed 48 hours after the @entity6560 gavage. RESULTS: All tested parameters except @entity6930 , laminin, collagen, and @entity2041 were higher in @entity6560 -treated @entity35 than in saline-only-treated control @entity35 . In @entity5420 oil-treated @entity35 , all tested parameters except @entity6930 , laminin, collagen, and @entity2041 were significantly attenuated compared with @entity6560 -only-treated @entity35 . @entity5420 oil downregulated MMP-9 expression but upregulated @entity6930 expression in @entity6560 -only-treated @entity35 . In addition, a histological analysis of liver tissue samples showed that @entity5420 oil showed significant protection. CONCLUSION: A single prophylactic dose of @entity5420 oil protects against @entity5501 by downregulating MMP-9 expression, upregulating @entity6930 expression, and inhibiting oxidative stress.

title: Prophylactic XXXX oil attenuates @entity5501 by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9 and oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity6930 :: ('116510(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1', 'TIMP-1']

entities_list: @entity44794 :: ('MESH:C054124', 'Chemical') :: ['sesamolin']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspartate']

entities_list: @entity6929 :: ('81687(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome', 'SOS']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity5420 :: (4182,Species) :: ['sesame']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some kinds of incisions have been reported in skin- or nipple-sparing mastectomy, but few reports have described the advantages and disadvantages of each incision. This study was conducted to compare the lateral horizontal incision with the lateral vertical incision in both mastectomies, in terms of @entity2805 , @entity0 , @entity39 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent skin- or nipple-sparing mastectomy using lateral horizontal or lateral vertical incisions with immediate breast reconstruction. All data were obtained retrospectively from databases, operation records and postoperative pictures. We compared the frequency of @entity2805 and @entity0 between lateral horizontal and lateral vertical incision groups by using Pearson's chi-square test. For nipple-sparing mastectomy, we also investigated @entity39 . RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: One hundred fifty cases were analyzed and identified as 89 lateral horizontal incision cases and 61 lateral vertical incision cases. Mastectomy comprised SSM in 49 cases and NSM in 101 cases. @entity1184 scarring was significantly less frequent with lateral vertical incisions (1.6%) than with lateral horizontal incisions (14.6%) (P =0.007). No significant differences were seen in terms of @entity0 , @entity39 .

title: Significant reduction of XXXX by lateral vertical incision in skin-sparing and nipple-sparing mastectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast envelope necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['nipple-areolar necrosis', 'nipple-areola necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scarring']

answer: @entity2805 :: (MESH:D017439,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic scarring']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) provide an attractive method of selectively localizing sufficient @entity9725 atoms around @entity5 cells to capture neutrons. Assuming that 10(8)-10(10) 10B atoms are needed for one capture event and that 10(3)-10(4) atoms can be coupled to each antibody molecule, then 10(5)-10(6) antibody molecules gathered on an individual cell will destroy that cell. Binding to normal tissues, on the other hand, would need to be at least 20-fold less than that to @entity5 tissues to avoid toxic effects of neutrons on surrounding tissues. Preclinical studies in animals show that several MAbs may bind to @entity320 cells in sufficient quantities in vitro to localize the required amount of @entity9725 per cell. Whether this will occur in vivo, however, may depend not only on antigen density but a variety of other properties of the @entity5 cells and MAbs. These include the Ig class and affinity of the antibody and whether the antibody is internalized into the @entity5 cell. The ratio of uptake between @entity5 and normal tissue is governed by such factors as the percentage of @entity5 cells within a @entity5 expressing the antigen and whether the MAb react with normal tissues. Use of @entity1334 or F(ab)2 preparations of the MAb may increase the uptake ratio by preventing uptake of MAb by cells with Fc receptors. In contrast to preclinical animal studies, @entity5 /normal tissue uptake ratios in phase I studies in @entity1 have been disappointingly low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Preclinical and phase I studies of monoclonal antibodies in @entity320 : application to @entity9725 neutron capture therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Complex partial @entity410 , commonly arising from @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), are associated with @entity528 and @entity410 . We tested the hypothesis that @entity1315 subjects, in between @entity410 , are associated with a decreased level of consciousness that is manifested by an enhanced response to a general anesthetic. Two animal models of @entity1315 and @entity2134 -induced @entity159 (Pilo-SE)--were tested. Pilo-SE @entity35 , but not amygdala-kindled @entity35 , showed a prolonged loss of @entity158 and righting responses after 20 and 40 mg/kg i.p. @entity4485 , 2% @entity1508 , and 5 and 10 mg/kg i.v. @entity1875 as compared to control saline-treated @entity35 . Since the major pathology of Pilo-SE @entity35 was cell loss in the piriform cortex (PC) and the entorhinal cortex (EC), we studied the anesthetic response after inactivation of the EC or PC by locally infusing GABAA receptor agonist @entity6341 . @entity6341 inactivation of the PC or EC, as compared to saline infusion in the same @entity35 , prolonged the duration of loss of righting reflex, typically without changing the duration of loss of tail-pinch response, after 20 mg/kg i.p. @entity4485 , 2% @entity1508 and 5 mg/kg i.v. @entity1875 . @entity6341 infusion, as compared to saline infusion, in the PC or EC also tended to decrease 30-100 Hz gamma EEG in the frontal cortex. In conclusion, a @entity1315 model that resulted in @entity528 , Pilo-SE, enhanced the response to a general anesthetic that could partly be attributed to a loss of neurons in the EC and PC.

title: @entity2134 model of XXXX shows enhanced response to general anesthetics.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'post-seizure impairment of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['Muscimol', 'muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy', 'TLE--amygdala kindling']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been shown that the presence on diagnosis of endoscopic macroscopic markers indicates a high-risk group for @entity355 . AIM: To determine whether @entity7080 inhibitor therapy prior to diagnosis of @entity355 influences markers for risk development of subsequent high-grade @entity1141 / @entity420 . METHODS: A review of all @entity1 with @entity355 entering a surveillance programme was undertaken. Five hundred and two @entity1 diagnosed with @entity355 were assessed on diagnosis for endoscopic macroscopic markers or low-grade @entity1141 . Subsequent development of high-grade @entity1141 / @entity420 was documented. The relationship between the initiation of @entity7080 inhibitor therapy prior to the diagnosis of BE and the presence of macroscopic markers or low-grade @entity1141 at entry was determined. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 developed high-grade @entity1141 / @entity420 during surveillance. @entity1 who entered without prior @entity7080 inhibitor therapy were 3.4 times (95% CI: 1.98-5.85) more likely to have a macroscopic marker or low-grade @entity1141 than those @entity1 already on a @entity7080 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Use of @entity7080 inhibitor therapy prior to diagnosis of @entity355 significantly reduced the presence of markers used to stratify @entity1 risk. Widespread use of @entity7080 inhibitors will confound surveillance strategies for @entity1 with @entity355 based on entry characteristics but is justified because of the lower risk of @entity5 progression.

title: Effect of @entity7080 inhibitors on markers of risk for high-grade XXXX and @entity5 in @entity355 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to report our 15-year experience treating @entity102 after pulmonary resection and @entity378 . METHODS: Open-window thoracostomy and thoracomyoplasty were used to treat 40 @entity1 with chronic @entity4327 characterized by residual empyematic cavity, @entity292 , and persistent @entity281 that were secondary to @entity378 (n = 22) or pulmonary resection (n = 18). Between 2 and 7 months after thoracostomy, thoracomyoplasty was performed to eliminate a persistent @entity1143 . In 2 @entity1 with postpulmonary resection @entity3509 and a large @entity292 , intrathoracic transposition of the latissimus dorsi flap and open-window thoracostomy were performed simultaneously to close the @entity292 . RESULTS: The pleural space was eliminated per primam intentionem in 21 of 22 @entity1 with @entity378 and in 14 of 18 with a postpulmonary resection @entity3509 . Another myoplasty was performed in an additional 3 @entity1 to eliminate the pleural space. During open-window thoracostomy, the latissimus dorsi muscle was preserved with minimal @entity121 . One @entity1 died postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Successful treatment of chronic @entity4327 requires adequate timing of surgical procedures. Our two-procedure technique is relatively simple and safe.

title: Open-window thoracostomy and thoracomyoplasty to manage chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic empyemas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pleural infections']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyema']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the anterior serratus muscle']

answer: @entity4327 :: (MESH:D016724,Disease) :: ['pleural empyema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Reports on oral health investigations in Haiti are sparse. There are only three peer-reviewed published articles on oral health in Haiti. In order to construct a national dataset useful for public health planning, a representative @entity1547 @entity1 was conducted in 1999. METHODS: This survey was conducted using a modified version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Basic Oral Health Survey (BOHS) pathfinder method. @entity1 ages 12 and 15 years old attending public or private schools in both rural and urban regions were targeted in seven of the nine geographic Departments of Haiti: each Department constituted a strata that was further stratified into the major urban center and one or more rural towns. Four trained examiners, calibrated to WHO caries criteria, conducted the survey RESULTS: Of the total 1,218 examined 12- and 15-year-olds, 31% of the 12-year-olds and 46% of the 15-year-olds had a DMFS of 1 or more, i.e., these percentages are the simple prevalence levels of @entity1547 for those age groups in Haiti. Mean DMFS scores were 1.01 (SE 0.09) and 2.52 (SE 0.02) for the 12- and 15-year-olds, respectively. No difference was observed between gender, while differences were found by geographical classification. Less than 1% of the @entity1 had any dental restorations. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this investigation suggest that at the population level, permanent dentition caries in early adolescence is a minimal health problem, relative to @entity1547 in other neighboring Caribbean countries, as well as to other health conditions in Haiti. However, at the individual level, those @entity1 afflicted with decay are without dental services for all practical purposes.

title: XXXX in twelve- and fifteen-year-olds: results from the basic oral health survey in Haiti.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries', 'dental caries survey of Haitian school attending']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['Dental caries']