abstract: IMPORTANCE: The benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in clinical trials were greater among @entity1 with @entity714 ( @entity714 ) or longer QRS duration. OBJECTIVE: To measure associations between QRS duration and morphology and outcomes among @entity1 receiving a CRT defibrillator (CRT-D) in clinical practice. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's ICD Registry between 2006 and 2009 who underwent CRT-D implantation. @entity1 were stratified according to whether they were admitted for CRT-D implantation or for another reason, then categorized as having either @entity714 or no @entity714 and QRS duration of either 150 ms or greater or 120 to 149 ms. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: All-cause mortality; all-cause, cardiovascular, and @entity712 readmission; and complications. @entity1 underwent follow-up for up to 3 years, with follow-up through December 2011. RESULTS: Among 24   169 @entity1 admitted for CRT-D implantation, 1-year and 3-year mortality rates were 9.2% and 25.9%, respectively. All-cause readmission rates were 10.2% at 30 days and 43.3% at 1 year. Both the unadjusted rate and adjusted risk of 3-year mortality were lowest among @entity1 with @entity714 and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (20.9%), compared with @entity714 and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (26.5%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.30 [99% CI, 1.18-1.42]), no @entity714 and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (30.7%; HR, 1.34 [99% CI, 1.20-1.49]), and no @entity714 and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (32.3%; HR, 1.52 [99% CI, 1.38-1.67]). The unadjusted rate and adjusted risk of 1-year all-cause readmission were also lowest among @entity1 with @entity714 and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (38.6%), compared with @entity714 and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (44.8%; adjusted HR, 1.18 [99% CI, 1.10-1.26]), no @entity714 and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater (45.7%; HR, 1.16 [99% CI, 1.08-1.26]), and no @entity714 and QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms (49.6%; HR, 1.31 [99% CI, 1.23-1.40]). There were no observed associations with complications. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries undergoing CRT-D implantation in clinical practice, @entity714 and QRS duration of 150 ms or greater, compared with @entity714 and QRS duration less than 150 ms or no @entity714 regardless of QRS duration, was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and of all-cause, cardiovascular, and @entity712 readmissions.

title: QRS duration, bundle-branch block morphology, and outcomes among older XXXX with @entity712 receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle-branch block', 'LBBB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity923 ( @entity923 ) is a common condition in primary care, yet little is known about its presentation and management. This study was designed to provide a better understanding of the frequency of @entity923 in a primary care population, and its presentation, diagnosis, and management. METHODS: Clinicians in 74 Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network (ASPN) practices from 30 states and three Canadian provinces collected data on all @entity1 presenting with symptoms of @entity923 during a 30-month period. RESULTS: The adjusted frequencies of all visits and of first visits for symptoms of @entity923 were 1.01 and 0.68 per 1000 @entity1 visits, respectively. @entity1 visited more frequently than @entity1 with new onset symptoms of @entity923 (0.81 vs 0.55 per 1000 visits), and homemakers accounted for 15.9% of all new cases. Clinicians judged 43.1% of all @entity923 incident visits to be job-related. The diagnostic evaluation of @entity1 seldom included nerve conduction studies (12.9%) or electromyography (11.8%). The most frequent treatments were splints (56.3%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (50.8%). Four-month follow-up data were obtained for 68.5% of the @entity1 , and symptom relief was reported by 55.2% of @entity1 . Ninety percent of @entity1 were able to continue working at the same job, and 96% were able to continue their usual activities. CONCLUSIONS: @entity923 are common in primary care, and most cases occur among @entity1 , many of whom are homemakers. Most @entity1 with @entity923 symptoms are treated conservatively by their primary care clinicians with minimal testing or referral, and most @entity1 report improvement or resolution of symptoms at 4 months.

title: XXXX in primary care: a report from ASPN. Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network.

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['Carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms', 'CTS', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['Carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: @entity1 granulocytic anaplasmosis is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium @entity4210 . The bacterium avoids host innate defenses in part by infecting, surviving in, and propagating in neutrophils, as well as by inhibiting neutrophil apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of A. phagocytophilum survival in neutrophils and the inhibition of spontaneous apoptosis are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that antiapoptotic @entity2423 protein ( @entity588 family) expression is maintained and that inhibition of @entity522 processing occurs in A. phagocytophilum-infected @entity1 neutrophils. An evaluation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) showed evidence of increased phosphorylation with @entity281 . Moreover, antagonism of p38 MAPK by the inhibitor @entity1441 reversed apoptosis inhibition in live or heat-killed A. phagocytophilum-infected neutrophils. A role for the autocrine or paracrine production of antiapoptotic interleukin 8 (IL-8) expressed with A. phagocytophilum @entity281 was excluded by the use of IL-8-, IL-8R1 (CXCR1)-, and IL-8R2 (CXCR2)-blocking antibodies. As previously demonstrated, the antiapoptotic effect was initially mediated by exposure to A. phagocytophilum components in heat-killed bacteria. However, an important role for active @entity281 is demonstrated by the additional delay in apoptosis with intracellular growth and the refractory abrogation of this response by the p38 MAPK inhibitor 3 to 6 h after neutrophil @entity281 . These results suggest that the initial activation of the p38 MAPK pathway leading to A. phagocytophilum-delayed neutrophil apoptosis is bypassed with active intracellular @entity281 . Moreover, active intracellular @entity281 contributes more to the overall delay in apoptosis than do components of heat-killed A. phagocytophilum alone.

title: XXXX delay of neutrophil apoptosis through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4210 :: ('948', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophilum']

answer: @entity4210 :: (948,Species) :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophilum']


abstract: We prospectively studied @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity6 undergoing elective noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia to test the hypothesis that @entity1 at high risk for prognostically significant intraoperative @entity1344 could be identified by their preoperative characteristics. Specifically we hypothesized that @entity1 with a low functional capacity, decreased plasma volume, or significant @entity299 would be at high risk for @entity551 and those with a history of severe @entity101 would be at risk for intraoperative @entity101 . @entity1 who had a preoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) greater than or equal to 110, a walking distance of less than 400 m, or a plasma volume less than 3000 cc were at increased risk of @entity551 (i.e., more than 1 hour of greater than or equal to 20 mmHg decreases in the MAP). @entity551 was also more common among @entity1 having intra-abdominal or vascular surgery, and among those who had operations longer than 2 hours. @entity1 older than 70 years or with a decreased plasma volume were at increased risk of having more than 15 minutes of intraoperative elevations of greater than or equal to 20 mmHg over the preoperative MAP in combination with @entity551 ; this was also more common when surgery lasted more than 2 hours. @entity1 who had @entity551 tended to have an immediate decrease in MAP at the onset of anesthesia and were often purposefully maintained at MAPs less than their usual level during surgery with @entity3575 and neuromuscular blocking agents. @entity1 who had intraoperative @entity551 tended to have repeated elevations in MAP above their preoperative levels during the course of surgery, and such elevations precipitated interventions with neuromuscular blocking agents and/or @entity3575 . Neither pattern was more common among @entity1 who developed net intraoperative negative fluid balances. Both @entity551 and @entity551 were associated with @entity299 after operation. @entity1 with @entity299 , especially @entity6 , and those with negative fluid balances also had increased complications. Preoperative characteristics influence the susceptibility to @entity551 and @entity101 , which are related to @entity260 .

title: Preoperative characteristics predicting @entity551 and @entity101 among @entity101 and XXXX undergoing noncardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'increased renal and cardiac complications', 'cardiac comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'intraoperative hypotension', 'hyper/hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity775 ( @entity775 ) is a @entity409 that is effectively treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Predniso(lo)ne, often in combination with @entity500 , is the basic therapeutic option to induce remission. However, this regimen can cause numerous side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate @entity4184 as a treatment option in the induction of remission in @entity1 with previously untreated @entity775 . METHODS: Between October 1998 and August 1999, 12 @entity1 were treated with 3 mg @entity4184 thrice daily for 3 months in this open one-arm multicenter phase IIa study. Primary end point was induction of remission indicated by a drop of @entity492 aminotransferase and @entity493 aminotransferase levels below two times the upper limit of normal. RESULTS: Seven of the 12 @entity1 (58%) reached complete remission, three @entity1 (25%) had a partial response. Thus, 10/12 individuals (83.3%) responded to therapy. Therapy was tolerated well in 10/12 cases (83.3%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4184 monotherapy was effective in the induction of remission and well tolerated in treatment na  ve @entity1 with @entity775 . It should be further evaluated in prospective controlled trials and should be compared to predniso(lo)ne both in monotherapy and in combination with @entity500 .

title: XXXX in previously untreated @entity775 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'Autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['Budesonide']


abstract: PURPOSE: The chromosome 20 ring [r(20)] is a rare @entity2526 without clear phenotypical markers. We describe the electroclinical pattern in a group of @entity1 with r(20). METHODS: We observed 3 @entity1 (a @entity1 , @entity1 1; his mother, @entity1 2; and an unrelated @entity1 , @entity1 3), performing prolonged video-EEG and cytogenetic studies and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific telomeric probes. RESULTS: All 3 @entity1 had a very similar abnormal electroclinical pattern characterized by long bursts or trains of rhythmic theta waves, which were sharply contoured or had a notched appearance (with no detectable clinical correlate), and generalized spike waves (SW) associated with @entity410 ( @entity410 ). In all 3 @entity1 , the cytogenetic analysis of T lymphocytes showed mosaicism with a normal cell line and a second cell line with a chromosome 20, although the latter was little represented in @entity1 2 and 3. A few cells with a single chromosome 20 were also found. The same cytogenetic findings were confirmed in the lymphoblastoid cell line of @entity1 1 and in the fibroblasts of @entity1 3. FISH with chromosome-specific telomeric probes and TTAGGG sequences demonstrated the integrity of the ring chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical picture of these @entity1 appears to be related to the instability of the r(20)-generating cells monosomic for chromosome 20 and is thus haploinsufficient for a gene. In these @entity1 , the electroclinical pattern of theta waves (probably unrelated to @entity302 ) and the SW and @entity410 , even with mild @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) or no @entity1032 and without @entity154 , suggest that the r(20) syndrome may be present.

title: Chromosome 20 ring: a XXXX associated with a particular electroclinical pattern.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'man']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['SFT', 'seizures of probable frontotemporal origin']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity2526 :: (MESH:D025063,Disease) :: ['chromosomal disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stent deployment may be associated with distal embolization and slow flow in @entity1186 . There are no data on the risk of @entity887 according to the stent design. The aim was to evaluate coronary flow after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in @entity583 according to the employed stent (closed versus open cell design). METHODS: From March 2010 to December 2011, 223 consecutive @entity1 with acute ST-elevation @entity583 were randomized to primary PCI either with an open cell (112 @entity1 , 88 @entity1 ) or with a closed cell stent design (111 @entity1 , 92 @entity1 ). The primary endpoint was the corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) after the procedure. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in procedural success nor in-stent deployment in the 2 groups. At baseline, there were no significant differences in cTFC between the 2 groups (70    37 and 67    39, P = .65, respectively). After the procedure, the open cell group showed significantly higher cTFC compared to the closed cell group (18    11 and 15    5, P = .003 respectively). This difference was associated with a significant lower rate of TIMI 3 flow (87% and 95%, P = .037) and myocardial blush grade 3 (65% and 87%, P = .001) in the open compared to the closed cell group. There were 2 cases of @entity204 in the open cell and 1 case in the closed cell group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a closed cell stent design rather than an open cell during PCI for acute ST-elevation @entity583 is associated with better coronary angiographic flow after PCI.

title: Closed versus open cell stent for high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions in ST-elevation @entity583 : the Closed versus Open Cells stent for High risk percutaneous coronary Interventions in ST-Elevation XXXX (COCHISE) pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['distal thrombus embolization']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The strength of the association between smoking and the development of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in the healthy middle-aged working age population has not been established. METHODS: This was a retrospective 6-year observational study involving 4,121 male and 2,877 female workers who were free of primary @entity8 , @entity6 , severe @entity101 , and the signs and symptoms of @entity740 . @entity644 was detected by a dipstick method, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the equation of the Japan Society of Nephrology. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 (1.5 %) and 21 @entity1 (0.7 %) developed @entity644 over the 6 years of the study. Irrespective of sex, in comparison with non-smokers, those who continued smoking showed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.52 with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) of 1.50-4.25 for developing @entity644 while those who quit smoking showed an OR of 1.29 (95 % CI 0.48-3.42), following adjustment for confounders. Among the study population, 443 @entity1 (10.7 %) and 356 @entity1 (12.4 %) developed a GFR of <60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), corresponding to @entity703 . Continuing smokers had a low OR (0.74, 95 % CI 0.60-0.90) for developing a low GFR, as well as a higher mean GFR than non-smokers. The reduction in GFR during the 6-year study period was not different between smokers and non-smokers, but it was larger in those who developed @entity644 than in those who did not, irrespective of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Continuing smokers showed a twofold or more higher risk of developing @entity644 . Discontinuation of smoking substantially reduced the risk. A longer observational period may be required to detect the smoking-induced risk of developing @entity703 in the middle-aged working population.

title: The effects of continuing and discontinuing smoking on the development of @entity740 ( XXXX ) in the healthy middle-aged working population in Japan.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['stage III CKD']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['CKD']


abstract: After @entity1555 , @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) is the most common severe @entity4094 in childhood. Since 1995, homozygous deletions in exon 7 of the survival motor neuron ( @entity11280 ) gene have been described in >90-95% of @entity2057 @entity1 . However, the presence of a highly homologous @entity11280 copy gene complicates the detection of exon 7 deletions. This paper describes the adjustment and evaluation of an established @entity11280 exon 7 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol at the single cell level, and the first preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of @entity2057 with this PCR protocol. To determine PCR efficiency and allelic loss, 200 leukocytes of normal individuals, @entity2057 carriers and @entity1 , and 25 blastomeres were tested. The PCR efficiency of the @entity11280 exon 7 and the adjacent copy gene sequence, tested in the leukocytes, were 90% and 91% respectively. No allelic loss was detected. One out of 25 blastomeres tested revealed a negative PCR signal for the @entity11280 exon 7 sequence. All 25 showed the copy gene sequence. PGD of @entity2057 was offered to a couple with an affected @entity1 homozygous for the @entity11280 exon 7 deletion. After intracytoplasmic sperm injection, four and five embryos could be genotyped for the @entity11280 exon 7 in two cycles respectively. After embryo transfer in the second PGD cycle an ongoing gemelli pregnancy was achieved. This study demonstrates that PGD for @entity2057 is feasible when a previous @entity1 is homozygous for the @entity11280 exon 7 deletion.

title: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the adjuvant effects of adenoidectomy with short-stay ventilation tubes to hearing and revision surgery in @entity1 over 3.5 years with persistent @entity2346 media with effusion. DESIGN: Randomised controlled three armed trial: observation, short-stay ventilation tube or ventilation tubes with adjuvant adenoidectomy. Five follow-up visits over 2 years. SETTING: Eleven UK Otorhinolaryngology Departments. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity2346 media with effusion and better ear @entity393 ( @entity393 ) >= 20 dB persistent for 3 months. Of the 425 eligible @entity1 , 376 (88%) accepted randomisation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pure-tone hearing thresholds, eligibility for and actual revision surgery rates, otoscopic sequelae and complications of adenoidectomy. RESULTS: Loss to follow-up at 3, 12 and 24 months was 2%, 6% and 5% respectively. Of the 376 randomised @entity1 , 253 (67%) had complete data for all five follow-up visits. Adenoidectomy did not add to the benefit to hearing thresholds of ventilation tubes of 8.8 dB (CI: 7.1-10.5) averaged over 3-6 months postoperatively. Averaged over 12, 18 and 24 months, adenoidectomy provided 4.2 dB of benefit (CI: 2.6-5.7) whilst ventilation tubes gave no benefit. Standardised effect sizes through two years showed equal benefit from ventilation tubes (0.50 sd) and adenoidectomy (0.61 sd) which are additive (1.11 sd). Adenoidectomy halved the numbers meeting a 25 dB @entity393 bilateral cut-off for eligibility for repeat tube surgery from 31% to 14% at 12 months and from 33% to 15% at 18 months. The actual reduction in re-insertion surgery (absolute risk difference) was 21%. In tubed ears, @entity14360 occurred in 27%, but otorrhoea in only <2% and permanent perforations in <1%. These events did not occur in control ears. In @entity1 that had adenoidectomy, one of 165 (0.6%) had @entity548 that required return to theatre. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant adenoidectomy doubles benefit from short-stay ventilation tubes by extending better hearing through the second year in @entity1 aged 3.25-6.75 years with persistent @entity2346 media with effusion with at least a 20 dB @entity393 in both ears. The duration of benefit of adenoidectomy is related to the duration of function of the type of the ventilation tubes used. Adenoidectomy also substantially reduces eligibility for revision surgery.

title: Adjuvant adenoidectomy in persistent XXXX media with effusion: hearing and revision surgery outcomes through 2 years in the TARGET randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity14360 :: ('MESH:D063371', 'Disease') :: ['tympanosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing level', 'HL']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['otitis', 'bilateral otitis']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['bilateral otitis']


abstract: Cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy is the best treatment for @entity788 . A rare complication is the @entity409 after the divison of gastroduodenal artery. This complication can occur when a celiac trunk stenosed by the median arcuate ligamentous is not recognised. We report the case of a 40 old @entity1 who underwent cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy for an @entity420 of @entity788 head. There was no complication immediatly. Two weeks later, she presented two episodes of angiocholitis. An abdominal tomodensitometry showed a liver @entity63 associated with a @entity850 . There was a left hepatic artery wich came from the left gastric artery. Medical treatment of the angiocholitis was successful. Surgical revascularization was not necessary. Nine months after, arterial revascularization by the left hepatic artery and biological hepatic tests were restored. This case report talks about the importance of angioscanner before pancreatic surgery when celiac and mesenteric angiography is not available. Also, it underlines the importance of the gastroduodenal artery occlusion test before his ligation during pancreaticoduodenectomy.

title: [Liver XXXX after cephalic pancreatico-duodenectomy. A case report].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cephalic pancreas cancers', 'pancreas']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['arterial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver ischemia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['celiac trunk stenosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['arterial ischemia']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1583 during pregnancy is low, and treatment in this setting is problematic. This study observed 21 pregnancies in 18 @entity1 with @entity1583 . @entity1 ' ages were between 19 and 43 (median 25) years. Two pregnancies ended with @entity2208 , one pregnancy ended with in utero @entity204 , three therapeutic abortions were carried out, and 15 @entity1 were born alive but three of them died later. The median birth weight was 2.47 kg. Twelve babies survived to a median age of 36 (range 4-117) months. Eight babies were exposed to chemotherapy during the in utero period. One baby was exposed to chemotherapy during all the trimesters and was born prematurely and later died because of @entity510 . Four babies were exposed to chemotherapy during the first trimester, one of them had low birth weight and floating thumb @entity600 , two of them had only low birth weight, and one was born healthy, but died at 3 months of age as a result of severe @entity1902 . Two babies were exposed to chemotherapy during the second and third trimesters; one of them had low birth weight, and the other pregnancy ended in in utero @entity204 . One @entity1 was exposed to chemotherapy during the third trimester and was born at term, but died because of @entity548 . We concluded that chemotherapy during all trimesters of pregnancy carries a significant risk for an unfavorable outcome.

title: XXXX and pregnancy: a single-institution experience of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['Hematological malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined experiences of weight stigmatization, sources of stigma, coping strategies, psychological functioning, and eating behaviors in a sample of 2671 overweight and @entity28 adults. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The total sample was partitioned into two subsamples for investigation. Sample I was comprised of 2449 adult @entity1 , and Sample II was a matched sample of adult @entity1 and @entity1 (N = 222) that was disaggregated to investigate gender differences. Both samples completed an online battery of self-report questionnaires measuring frequency of weight stigmatization and coping responses to deal with bias, the most common sources of the bias, symptoms of @entity308 , self-esteem, attitudes about weight and @entity28 , and binge eating behaviors. RESULTS: Experiences of weight stigmatization, in many forms and across multiple occasions, was common in both samples. A variety of coping strategies were used in response. More frequent exposure to stigma was related to more attempts to cope and higher BMI. Physicians and family members were the most frequent sources of @entity353 reported. No gender differences were observed in types or frequency of stigmatization. Frequency of stigmatization was not related to current psychological functioning, although coping responses were associated with emotional well-being. DISCUSSION: These findings raise questions about the relationship between stigma and psychological functioning and have important implications for @entity28 treatment and stigma reduction intervention efforts, both of which are discussed.

title: Confronting and coping with weight stigma: an investigation of overweight and XXXX adults.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight bias']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity2403 ( @entity2403 ) is a @entity66 characterised by recurrent @entity9645 . @entity1333 and @entity715 events are the most important causes of mortality. @entity715 is the major clinical finding in @entity1 with @entity2403 , but the cause of the @entity715 is still unclear. Thromboelastography is an alternative method to evaluate almost all steps of the hemostatic system. Today, the modified rotation thromboelastogram (ROTEM) is a newer coagulation test and a more powerful technique. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether hemostatic mechanisms play a role in the development of @entity715 in @entity2403 @entity1 by using ROTEM. Thirty @entity2403 @entity1 , 20 @entity1691 @entity1 , and 14 healthy controls who are not taking anti-aggregant or anti-coagulant therapy were included in the study. Whole blood count, protrombin time, activated protrombin time, @entity2002 , D-dimer levels, and ROTEM parameters (clotting time, clot formation time (CFT), and maximum clot formation(MCF)) were determined by INTEM and EXTEM analysis. Of the 30 @entity1 with @entity2403 , 19 were @entity1 and 11 were @entity1 , and mean age was 40.6    11.2. Two of the @entity2403 @entity1 had vascular involvement, but none of them were in active phase of the disease during the study. In INTEM assay, MCF (p < 0,001) value was significantly increased, and CFT (p>0.05) value was decreased in @entity2403 @entity1 compared with the control group. In the EXTEM assay, there was a similar significant increase in MCF (p=0.002) value and a decrease in CFT (p=0.002) value in @entity2403 @entity1 compared with the control group. The results of our study indicated that primary hemostatic mechanisms which can be detected by ROTEM may play a role in the development of @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity2403 .

title: The role of hemostatic mechanisms in the development of XXXX in @entity2403 : an analysis by modified rotation thromboelastogram (ROTEM).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['oral and genital ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ['BD', "Behcet's disease"]

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: By conducting  a systematic review, we describe strategies to actively disseminate knowledge or facilitate practice change among healthcare providers caring for @entity1 with @entity5 and we evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies. DATA SOURCES: We searched Ovid Medline, EMBASE and PsychINFO. STUDY SELECTION: Fully published primary studies were included if they evaluated one or more professional intervention strategies to actively disseminate knowledge or facilitate practice change in @entity5 or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. DATA EXTRACTION: Data extracted included study characteristics and strategies evaluated. In studies with a quantitative analysis of @entity1 outcomes, the relationship between study-level characteristics and statistically significant primary analyses was evaluated. RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 20 644 titles and abstracts screened, 146 studies were retrieved in full and 60 were included. In 20 studies, quantitative evaluation of @entity1 outcomes was examined and a primary outcome was stated. Eighteen studies were 'before and after' design; there were no randomized studies. All studies were at risk for bias. Interrupted time series was never the primary analytic approach. No specific strategy type was successful at improving @entity1 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Literature describing strategies to facilitate practice change in @entity5 is emerging. However, major methodological limitations exist. Studies with robust designs are required to identify effective strategies to effect practice change.

title: Strategies facilitating practice change in XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pediatric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer chemotherapy has been associated with @entity73 . Several issues complicate such findings including the @entity1 ' health, use of multiple chemotherapeutic agents, and proper assessment of cognition. To control these factors, we conducted cognitive studies in female @entity35 receiving @entity786 or @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). METHODS: Young (7 months) female Fischer-344 @entity35 received five injections of @entity786 (100 mg/kg), @entity1487 (150 mg/kg), or saline i.p. every 4 weeks for a total of 18 weeks. Aged (18 months) female Fischer-344 @entity35 were treated with @entity786 (80 mg/kg i.p.) for 16 weeks. After 8 to 10 weeks of recovery, @entity35 were tested in two maze learning tasks, the Morris water maze and the Stone 14-unit T-maze. Neuronal synaptic function was assessed by examining long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal slices obtained from young @entity786 -treated @entity35 . RESULTS: Despite the toxic effects induced by chemotherapy, @entity786 - and @entity1487 -treated @entity35 showed significantly better maze performance compared with controls. Following 29 to 42 weeks of recovery from chemotherapy, no significant effects were observed on maze performance. In aged @entity35 , @entity786 treatment for 14 weeks also produced @entity137 , but no impairment in Stone maze learning after 16 weeks of recovery. When assessed during @entity786 treatment, evidence of impaired LTP emerged; however, with 8 weeks of recovery following five @entity786 treatments, we observed enhanced LTP. CONCLUSION: Despite @entity137 accompanying chemotherapy, no evidence of impaired cognitive performance emerged after recovery. Indeed, following 7 to 9 weeks of recovery, we noted evidence of improved learning and LTP.

title: Transient improvement in cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in XXXX following cancer chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: As the world faces an @entity28 " @entity3082 ," the mechanisms by which overweight is translated into insulin resistance, @entity101 , and @entity6 need to be better understood. Although the processes of transition remain uncertain, overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system appears pivotal. In @entity28 , there is stimulation of sympathetic outflow to the kidneys, evident in increased rates of spillover of @entity1063 into the renal veins, and to skeletal muscle vasculature, demonstrated with microneurography. The cause is unclear, but possibly involves the stimulatory action of leptin released from adipose tissue, or from within the brain, for which there is recent evidence in @entity1 @entity28 . The high renal sympathetic tone contributes to @entity101 development by stimulating @entity916 secretion and through promoting renal tubular reabsorption of @entity1372 . Neurally mediated skeletal muscle vasoconstriction reduces @entity413 delivery and uptake in muscle. Impairment of @entity413 uptake by skeletal muscle is a @entity1720 . Pharmacologic sympathetic nervous suppression within the central nervous system with @entity947 receptor-binding agents such as @entity23189 is a logical therapeutic approach for lowering blood pressure (BP) in @entity1 with essential @entity101 , in whom sympathetic activity is often increased. In addition, drugs of this class appear to have the capacity to favorably modify insulin sensitivity, which has particular relevance in the treatment of hypertensive @entity6 @entity1 . In the @entity101 accompanying @entity2175 onset @entity28 , with recent recommendations from advisory bodies setting lower goal BP, and with these lower targets often being reached only with combinations of antihypertensive agents, it is advisable that all drugs used in combination therapy have a favorable or at least a neutral effect on insulin resistance.

title: Sympathetic nervous system and insulin resistance: from XXXX to @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity23189 :: ('MESH:C032302', 'Chemical') :: ['rilmenidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity947 :: ('CHEBI:53094', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoline']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['hallmark of insulin resistance syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1875 's greatest attributes are its pharmacokinetic properties which result in a rapid, clear emergency and lack of cumulative effects even after prolonged administration. It is a drug of popular choice for the maintenance of general anesthesia. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA), originally described by Dr. Brain is now a good alternative as the airway management technique. Because of its high success rate in securing a clinically acceptable airway in anesthetized @entity1 , LMA has been proposed as a practical airway and conveyer for general anesthesia. This study was designed to observe and evaluate the feasibility of @entity1875 infusion combined with @entity3727 for maintenance of anesthesia, with a LMA as airway and conveyer during general anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 , ASA class I-II, aged 15-59 years, were selected for this study. They were scheduled for upper-limb orthopedic surgeries in supine position. No @entity1 was premedicated. Intraoperative monitoring included electrocardiography, pulse oximetry, end-tidal @entity544 and automatic non-invasive blood pressure. The agents for induction of anesthesia included @entity3897 0.01 mg/kg, atracurium 5 mg, @entity3575 2-3 micrograms/kg, 2% @entity3303 1.5-2 mg/kg, @entity1875 2 mg/kg, and @entity2900 1-1.5 mg/kg, all of which were given intravenously in sequence. After that laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was inserted. The position of LMA was confirmed by even undulation of chest wall and breathing sound. Anesthesia was then maintained with @entity3810 in 40% @entity26 and continuous @entity1875 infusion. The pumping rate was set to start at 6 mg/kg/h. Muscle relaxation was achieved by intravenous tracrium given intermittently. All @entity1 were mechanically ventilated with a ventilator incorporated to the anesthesia machine. The ventilator was set to give a tidal volume of 8 ml/kg at a rate of 12-14/min. At the end of the operation, the @entity1875 infusion and @entity3810 were simultaneously discontinued. The effect of muscle relaxant was antagonized by @entity3897 1.0 mg and @entity1339 2.5 mg intravenously. The LMA was removed while the @entity1 was awake and able to open mouth at request. They were followed 24 h postoperatively for inquiring @entity3596 . RESULTS: No @entity1 was noted to experience awareness during the intraoperative period. Regarding LMA insertion, success in the first attempt was seen in 55 @entity1 (90.2%). Success in the second attempt was seen in 5 @entity1 (8.2%). Failure was encountered in one @entity1 (1.6%). The average time of emergence was 92 +/- 3.4 min. The average rate of speed of @entity1875 infusion was 6.29 +/- 0.97 mg/kg/h. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity1875 infusion and @entity3727 with laryngeal mask as airway and recovery was a good alternative in administration of general anesthesia.

title: [Clinical experience of laryngeal mask airway combined with continuous intravenous XXXX infusion during general anesthesia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative awareness and other complaints']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity1465 administered to @entity1 undergoing controlled @entity43 on levels of ovarian hormones, including @entity3800 . DESIGN: Prospective analysis. SETTING: Assisted Reproduction Unit, H  pital Antoine B  cl  re, Clamart, France. @entity1 (S): Six infertile, normally ovulating volunteers. INTERVENTION(S): The @entity1 underwent controlled @entity43 with a GnRH agonist and hMG for IVF-ET. After the i.m. administration of @entity1465 (10,000 IU), blood samples were drawn every 6 hours for 4 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Plasma @entity2671 , @entity251 , @entity1420 , and E2 profiles. RESULT(S): Treatment with hMG increased plasma @entity2671 and @entity251 levels 1.4-fold and 2.6-fold, respectively. The administration of @entity1465 did not increase plasma @entity2671 and @entity251 levels any further; mean daily levels remained at 2.3 ng/mL and 0.64 ng/mL, respectively. Circadian changes in @entity2671 levels were evident after @entity1465 administration. Plasma @entity1420 levels neared 10 ng/mL 19 hours after @entity1465 administration, plateaued for 24 hours, and increased again thereafter. Plasma E2 levels declined during the first 2 days after @entity1465 administration and then increased, concomitant with the second phase of @entity1420 elevation. CONCLUSION(S): In @entity1 undergoing controlled @entity43 , @entity342 levels increased in response to hMG treatment, but no further elevation occurred after @entity1465 administration. The rate of elevation of @entity1420 levels and the absolute levels achieved were 3-fold and 10-fold higher, respectively, than those observed during spontaneous menstrual cycles.

title: @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin administration does not increase plasma @entity342 levels in @entity1 undergoing controlled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess subjective experience in @entity64 and to correlate it with @entity64 features, acute emotional behavior, and impact on seeking of medical care. METHODS: The authors studied @entity1 with acute first-ever @entity64 prospectively. During the first 4 days they rated subjective experience (happiness, sadness, irascibility, and fear); behavioral reactions, using a specifically designed scale; and mood (Hamilton @entity148 and @entity308 ). Fifty-three @entity1 (30 @entity1 , 23 @entity1 ; age, 60 +/- 19 years) completed the 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 failed to seek medical care spontaneously. Sixteen @entity1 presented behavioral reactions of overt sadness, 20 presented indifference, 12 presented @entity146 , 20 presented disinhibition, and 16 presented denial. Eight @entity1 were anosognosic and 12 were anosodiaphoric. Twenty-four @entity1 expressed happiness, 20 expressed sadness, 7 expressed anger, and 11 expressed fear. Ten @entity1 with @entity2026 could be interviewed, but four required delayed questioning. @entity137 and @entity1054 were independent. Acute denial reactions were not dependent on the side of @entity64 , but were more frequent after deep lesions (p < 0.010). @entity1 with a denial reaction had a tendency to present less subjective experience of fear (p < 0.078) and a higher occurrence of delayed @entity308 (p < 0.02). Intergroup comparison of all measures showed that lack of seeking care was related to reactions of indifference (p < 0.007), a tendency toward a less subjective experience of fear (p < 0.078), poor recall of the acute event (p < 0.001), decreased nosognosia (p < 0.001), and @entity75 (p < 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with acute behavioral denial had a decreased occurrence of subjective experience of fear and a more frequent occurrence of delayed @entity308 . These denial reactions were independent of @entity1054 . A subjective experience of fear was related to appropriate care seeking. An impaired subjective experience of fear may contribute, as with @entity1054 , to an increased delay in consultation. All other emotional reactions were dissociated from the @entity1 ' subjective experience.

title: Subjective experience and behavior in @entity64 : the Lausanne Emotion in Acute XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Denial reactions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right-side lesions']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['anosognosia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of @entity3927 ( @entity3927 ) in the growth of @entity1204 cell lines, and the mechanism associated with this regulation. METHODS: Three @entity1204 cell lines (Hec-1A, KLE, and RL95-2) were used in this study. Growth inhibition was demonstrated by @entity7664 cytotoxicity assay. Mode of inhibition by @entity3927 was studied by induction of DNA fragmentation. The effect of @entity3927 on steady-state accumulation of the @entity1420 and glucocorticoid receptors (PRs and GRs, respectively) and apoptosis-associated gene products was studied by Western blotting. RESULTS: We demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of growth in all of the three @entity1204 cell lines. Following treatment with 5.0 micrograms/mL of @entity3927 , there was 39.3%, 66.3%, and 75.5% inhibition of KLE, @entity1 , and @entity1 cells, respectively. Decreased expression of GR in RL95-2 (0.1-10 micrograms/mL) and in KLE cells (10 micrograms/mL) was observed. A marked decrease of PR was seen with @entity1 cells at 10 micrograms/mL, there was no change in the KLE cells, and a dose-dependent decrease was seen with @entity1 cells. Various levels of apoptosis were demonstrated by DNA fragmentation in all three cell lines. Of the genes associated with apoptosis, dose-dependent reduction of @entity589 expression was demonstrated in KLE cells, while induction of @entity994 was seen in @entity1 and @entity1 cells, and reduction of @entity588 was demonstrated in @entity1 cells. CONCLUSION: Clinically achievable doses of @entity3927 inhibit @entity1204 cell lines. The mechanism of inhibition involves apoptosis, and regulation of @entity589 , @entity588 , and @entity994 is demonstrated. Therapeutic application of these findings remains to be determined.

title: Inhibition of @entity1204 cell lines by @entity3927 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity7664 :: ('CHEBI:52101', 'Chemical') :: ['sulforhodamine B']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone', 'RU 486']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['RU 486']


abstract: Dynamic SPECT was performed using 201TICI in a total of 21 @entity11 , 14 cases of @entity463 ( @entity463 ) and 7 cases of @entity816 ( @entity816 ), to investigate the relationship between test results and @entity5 . The accumulation of isotope (counts/pixel) in the @entity5 was measured every 3 minutes with dynamic SPECT. The initial 3-minute value was reduced from subsequent accumulations (counts/minute) to obtain the time-activity curve (TAC). Thallium index (TL index), the ratio of 15-minute accumulation in the @entity5 to that in the same region of the contralateral normal brain, was also calculated. TL index was significantly higher (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test) in @entity463 (6.25 +/- 1.97) than in @entity816 (4.10 +/- 1.66), although no clear differential value could be determined between the two. @entity11636 in the @entity463 group showed that compared with the initial 3-minute value, accumulation increased significantly (p < 0.05) at every measurement point after isotope injection: 6 minutes, 0.660 +/- 0.671; 9 minutes, 1.322 +/- 1.319; 12 minutes, 1.315 +/- 1.632 and 15 minutes, 1.234 +/- 1.552. The increase in isotope accumulation in the @entity5 after 6 minutes or later was noted in 11 of the 14 cases in the @entity463 group. In the @entity816 group, however, there were no significant differences between the initial 3-minute value and value after 6 minutes (-0.283 +/- 0.462), 9 minutes (-0.574 +/- 0.681), 12 minutes (-0.690 +/- 0.611) and 15 minutes (-0.707 +/- 0.636) after isotope injection. A decrease in isotope accumulation in the @entity5 after 6 minutes or later was noted in 6 of the 7 cases in the @entity816 group. Compared with static SPECT, dynamic SPECT, which can be performed easily and quickly, is more useful in clinical settings because of its high ability to differentiate the grade of @entity11 .

title: [201T1C1 accumulation dynamics in @entity11 with different grades of XXXX : an investigation using dynamic SPECT].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of the pre-operative @entity5 -associated trypsin inhibitor ( @entity9379 ) level and @entity5 size at primary surgery as a prognostic indicators for @entity1 with @entity43 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. @entity1 : Ninety-eight @entity1 with @entity43 . METHODS: @entity9379 was measured by radioimmunoassay from serum samples obtained within one week before surgery. A cutoff value of 22 microg/L was used. Multivariate analysis included pre-operative @entity9379 level, age, histologic grade and histologic type. Mantel-Cox test was used for calculating statistical significance of differences in survival between groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cumulative five-year survival, pre-operative serum @entity9379 level and @entity5 size. RESULTS: Surgery was optimal ( @entity5 size < or = 2 cm) in 55 @entity1 and suboptimal ( @entity5 size > 2 cm) in 43. Pre-operative @entity9379 level < or = 22 microg/L predicted better prognosis both in @entity1 with optimal and suboptimal surgery compared with @entity1 with pre-operative @entity9379 level > 22 microg/L. @entity1 with optimal surgery and a pre-operative @entity9379 > 22 microg/L had a twofold relative risk of @entity204 compared with those with a pre-operative @entity9379 < or = 22 microg/L. The cumulative survival was less than three years for @entity1 with suboptimal surgery and pre-operative @entity9379 > 22 microg/L. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative serum @entity9379 in combination with @entity5 size may be useful in stratifying @entity1 with @entity43 into different categories in randomised treatment trials.

title: Pre-operative serum level of XXXX -associated trypsin inhibitor and @entity5 size as prognostic indicators in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III ovarian cancer', 'Stage III epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 treated with @entity1088 have been reported to gain weight. We hypothesized that @entity1 would also experience an increase in body mass, which can be more directly related to @entity65 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 who had been treated with @entity1088 for at least 1 year were weighed and measured, and waist-hip ratios (WHR) and body mass index (BMI), measured as kg/m2, were calculated. @entity1 were also asked about a series of factors potentially related to change in body mass. RESULTS: Female @entity1 gained both weight and body mass. Their WHR after 37 months of @entity1088 therapy was .83, with a significant increase in BMI from 23.2 to 29.1 kg/m2 (p = .001). Male subjects also gained weight and body mass. Their WHR after 39 months of @entity1088 therapy was .93, with a significant increase in BMI from 26.4 to 29.7 kg/m2 (p < .001). Stepwise multiple-regression analysis showed that factors related to final body mass were initial body mass, dose of @entity1088 , and decrease in smoking. Baseline BMI contributed most to the final BMI, but the addition of dose and decrease in smoking made significant contributions to the model. CONCLUSIONS: Both female and male @entity1 treated with @entity1088 gain body mass. This may place them at greater risk for @entity65 .

title: XXXX and body mass change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['Clozapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is the most commonly diagnosed @entity5 among U.S. @entity1 .The 5-year survival rate for this @entity5 is nowadays 85%, and the 61% of these @entity1 are still alive at 15 years. When @entity308 symptoms are present as a consequence of @entity0 treatments, they may interfere negatively with @entity1 ' quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of @entity0 treatment on the quality of life and the impact of @entity308 on the health-related life. METHODS: We enrolled 173 @entity1 aged 65-75 years with early stage @entity0 diagnosed over the last 10 years, initially recruited to participate in a study examining heath-related quality of life in the first 5 years after @entity0 . @entity1 were divided into four groups: 1) 46 @entity0 survivors (aged 65-70); 2) 62 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 (aged 65-69); 3) 32 @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 after 10 years (aged 66-75); 4) 30 @entity1 in good health status (aged 60-70). The Geriatric @entity308 Scale was used as a routine part of a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Collection of data for the application of instruments, such as sociodemographic variables (age, educational level, social state) and clinical date (stage and time of the disease and treatment), was carried out by trained researcher assistants. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated the correlation between @entity308 and previous @entity5 experiences. In fact, in @entity1 with @entity5 experience, the grade of @entity308 was significantly higher compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 were severely @entity308 compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of @entity1 were identified as having emotional and/or well being problems. Further investigations on the cause of @entity308 problems @entity5 -related are needed.

title: XXXX in older @entity0 survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays an important role in many developmental and pathological processes of the central nervous system. In @entity542 , apoptosis has been recently implicated in many studies on animal brain samples the phenomenon of apoptotic gene expression ( @entity589 and @entity588 ). Twenty specimens of contused brain tissue (temporal and frontal lobe) from 20 @entity1 who underwent emergency craniotomy and removal of mass lesions were obtained from May to October 1997. The samples collected were immediately snap frozen in liquid @entity1568 and stored at -80 degrees C. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect the expression of @entity588 , @entity589 and @entity876 using standard avidin- @entity1885 complex second antibody conjugate methodology utilising commercially available primary and secondary antibodies. The average age of cohort was 46.24 +/- 22.17 years, the average Glasgow @entity772 Scale on admission was 9.19 +/- 4.72, and the average duration from injury to collection of the sample was 20.62 +/- 40.57 hours. There was documented @entity519 and @entity551 seen in 5 of the 20 @entity1 (25%). Significant levels of @entity589 protein expression were noted in all samples, and @entity876 expression in 30% of samples. No @entity588 expression was observed. Our study showed that for the first time the strong expression of the pro-apoptotic gene ( @entity589 ) and low levels of the anti-apoptotic gene ( @entity588 ), thus implicating the mechanism of apoptosis in @entity1545 following @entity130 . The use of agents to inhibit apoptosis may be beneficial in @entity542 @entity1 .

title: Young Investigator's Award: induction of apoptosis following traumatic XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: High serum levels of lipoprotein(a) and @entity1255 are risk factors of @entity65 which are prevalent in @entity1 on hemodialysis. Controversy exists about the effects of @entity2453 reductase inhibitors on serum lipoprotein(a) levels in @entity1 on hemodialysis. Also, deficiency of some water soluble vitamins and administration of statins may raise serum levels of @entity1255 in these @entity1 . This study was designed to investigate serum levels of lipoprotein(a) and @entity1255 in @entity1 on hemodialysis who were taking a statin, @entity2245 , and @entity1501 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated on 152 @entity1 with maintenance hemodialysis who were taking @entity2993 or @entity5753 , @entity2245 , and @entity1501 for at least 6 months. Their serum levels were obtained to measure lipoprotein(a) and @entity1255 levels, as well as @entity412 , total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . RESULTS: The mean serum values of total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and @entity412 were significantly less than the maximum reference values (P < .001). The mean serum level of lipoprotein(a) was also less than the reference value (P = .009), but @entity1255 level was 33% higher on average than the reference value (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that in our @entity1 on hemodialysis, the mean serum level of @entity1255 was about 30% higher than the reference value although they were receiving @entity2245 and @entity1501 . Hence, they were still exposed to the risk of @entity65 .

title: Serum levels of lipoprotein(a) and @entity1255 in @entity1 on hemodialysis who take @entity2453 reductase inhibitors, @entity2245 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study cardiovascular @entity730 , detected by computed tomography, in @entity1 following mediastinal radiation for @entity978 , and correlate them with clinical findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 , <or=55 years, with computed tomography detected cardiovascular @entity730 after mediastinal radiotherapy for @entity978 were identified during a 10-year period. Calcifications were evaluated for site and extent and were correlated with clinical data including symptoms and signs of @entity299 , angiographic and surgical findings. RESULTS: Accelerated @entity730 were detected in the coronary arteries (n=11), in the aorta (n=11), and in the aortic valve and the mitral apparatus (n=8). Calcifications were more extensive when radiation was given at a young age. Clinical evidence of @entity65 included coronary events in three @entity1 , @entity340 in two, @entity2396 in two and complete @entity713 in one. Seven @entity1 had no cardiac symptoms. CONCLUSION: Early cardiovascular @entity730 can be radiation associated. Such @entity730 may represent radiation-induced @entity731 and can be detected by computed tomography even in asymptomatic @entity1 . The implication of our findings is that spiral computed tomography may serve as a non-invasive modality to detect accelerated cardiovascular @entity730 in high-risk asymptomatic @entity1 who survived @entity978 .

title: XXXX after radiation therapy for @entity978 : computed tomography detection and clinical correlation.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular calcifications']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Presence of free @entity165 in @entity731 is a major determinant of plaque instability. It is hypothesized that extravasated erythrocytes may contribute to free @entity165 accumulation in @entity731 through their rich in @entity165 membrane. In this study we assessed whether @entity165 in erythrocyte membranes (CEMs), that is, free (FCEM) versus esterified (ECEM), differs in @entity1 with @entity5749 ( @entity5749 ) compared with @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). METHODS: Consecutive angina @entity1 were prospectively assessed; 154 had @entity5749 (118 @entity1 , 63 years, 56-69 years) and 164 ACS (124 @entity1 , 63 years, 55-71 years). FCEM and ECEM were measured using an enzymatic assay, and protein content was assessed by the Bradford method. RESULTS: FCEM was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the ACS @entity1 group (94.1 microg/mg, IQ 71-116.5 microg/mg) compared with @entity1 with @entity5749 (61.9 microg/mg, IQ 49.3-73.1 microg/mg). ECEM levels were also significantly higher (P<0.001) in ACS @entity1 (23.3 microg/mg, IQ 14.9-47.7 microg/mg) compared with @entity5749 @entity1 (10.8 microg/mg, IQ 8-22.3 microg/mg). In contrast, ratio of free-to-esterified @entity165 (P=0.110) as well as ratio of free-to-total CEM (P=0.109) were not different among @entity5749 and ACS @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Findings of this study show that although free @entity165 is the prevailing form of CEMs, both FCEM and ECEM levels are increased in @entity1 with ACS compared with @entity5749 @entity1 . These findings suggest that it is the quantity of CEM rather than the type of @entity165 present in the erythrocyte membrane that determines plaque progression.

title: XXXX composition of erythrocyte membranes and its association with clinical presentation of coronary artery disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes', 'ACSs']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['CSA', 'chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Disparities exist for breast and cervical @entity5 screening among racial/ ethnic groups and low-income @entity1 . This study determines racial/ethnic variation in: 1) staging readiness for mammography, Pap smears, and clinical breast exam (CBE); 2) identifying patterns of adherence; and 3) determining sociodemographics associated with compliance with all three exams. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Two urban family medicine clinics. @entity1 : A consecutive sample of 343 @entity1 presenting for care. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were staged (maintainers, actors, contemplators, precontemplators, relapse contemplators, and relapse precontemplators) according to self-reported receipt of mammography, CBEs, and Pap smears. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adherence across exams was assessed. Sociodemographics were compared among racial/ethnic groups for @entity1 adherent with all three exams. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent were adherent with mammography, 93% with Pap smears, and 67% with CBEs. Thirty percent were contemplating mammography. Fifty-eight percent of Puerto Rican @entity1 were adherent with CBEs compared to 68.6% of African American and 78.5% of non-Hispanic White @entity1 . Puerto Rican @entity1 were less likely to be maintainers of CBE and more likely to be precontemplators and relapsers than non-Hispanic White @entity1 (P=.004). Forty-eight percent were adherent with all three exams. Puerto Rican @entity1 compliant with all three screens were younger and less educated than African American and non-Hispanic White CONCLUSIONS: Racial/ethnic differences in screening patterns exist among @entity1 attending urban family practice centers. Primary care providers must be culturally sensitive when recommending screening and can use staging as a tool to target @entity1 most receptive to intervention.

title: Breast and cervical XXXX screening for Puerto Ricans, African Americans, and non-Hispanic whites attending inner-city family practice centers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'Women']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Experiments were performed on adult @entity35 . In situ ligatured ileal loops were injected with a solution 10 mM @entity3282 containing 45Ca either with or without @entity47009 in concentrations of 25, 50 or 100 mM @entity47009 . The @entity35 were sacrified at either 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 hours after injection; the entire loop including the wall and content was removed. After ashing, the radioactivity of the loop was measured and the absorption coefficient of 45Ca was calculated. After half an hour, the absorption coefficient of the four solutions had about the same value. At this time, the 45Ca absorption was completed with the solution containing only @entity460 . With the solution containing pentose, the 45Ca absorption continued for a longer period of time. The maximal values of absorption coefficient were obtained after one hour with 25 and 50 mM @entity47009 and after one and a half hour with 100 mM @entity47009 ; similarly, the maximal values increased in proportion to the concentration of @entity27753 in the solution. The contents of the loops were fractionated successively by centrifugation, ultracentrifugation and two membrane ultrafiltration. No differences were observed between the repartition of 40Ca or 45Ca, either with or without 50 mM @entity47009 . The stop or the lengthening of the absorption could be attributed to a possible influence of @entity1735 upon the mechanism of @entity460 transfer. This question is discussed from the point of relationship between the @entity1735 and the intestinal alkaline phosphatase.

title: [Inhibition of @entity460 absorption and conditions of its prolongation in the presence of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Eighty @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and @entity1494 were studied. Among them, 28 (70%) cases in the control group and 32 (80%) cases in the electroacupuncture group achieved ultimately balanced @entity2654 and were selected for further analysis. The acupuncture group received electroacupuncture at four acupoints: Chung Chi (Conception Vessel CV3), Kuan Yuan (CV4), and bilateral Tzu Liao (Urinary Bladder UB32), in addition to conventional @entity400 ( @entity400 ). Whereas the control group underwent conventional bladder training program with @entity400 only. The results revealed that the time of achieving balanced @entity2654 was statistically significantly shorter with electroacupuncture than in the control group: 57.1 +/- 22.6 vs 85.2 +/- 27.4 days (P < 0.005) for upper motor neuron lesions, and 55.4 +/- 22.6 vs 83.4 +/- 26.1 days (P < 0.01) for lower motor neuron lesions. However, there was almost no difference between upper motor neuron lesions and lower motor neuron lesions. When acupuncture commenced was alos a factor to influence the results. Those who received acupuncture within 3 weeks after injury had significantly shortened the total days to achieve a @entity1494 , as compared to those who received acupuncture 3 weeks after injury (46.6 +/- 13.2 vs 65.8 +/- 15.4 days, P < 0.005). Our study implied that acupuncture might be beneficial in the management of @entity1494 of @entity1566 , and the earlier the @entity1 received electro-acupuncture therapy, the sooner the bladder balanced. On the other hand, we also found that complete @entity1566 , either with pronounced detrusor-sphincter @entity2055 in @entity4681 or with persistent areflexic bladder in lower motor neuron-lesion, was not affected by acupuncture.

title: A therapeutic trial of acupuncture in XXXX of spinal cord injured @entity1 --a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'balanced bladder']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['upper motor neuron lesion']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent catheterization program', 'ICP']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bladder']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tear @entity842 (NO) level in @entity1 with Beh  et's disease and to compare it with that in healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: the active disease, @entity66 , and control groups. NO concentrations were determined by a @entity1507 / @entity3542 colorimetric assay kit and measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm. RESULTS. The tear @entity1507 / @entity3542 levels were 0.06 nmol/ L (SD, 0.05) in the active disease group, 0.05 nmol/ L (SD, 0.05) in the @entity66 group, and 0.02 nmol/ L (SD, 0.01) in the control group. The tear @entity1507 / @entity3542 levels of both active and inactive groups were higher than those of the control group (P=0.001 and P=0.047, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the active and inactive groups. CONCLUSION. Our results demonstrated that the tear NO levels were elevated in the @entity1 with Beh  et's disease. We imply that a better understanding of NO function in the pathogenesis of Beh  et @entity1596 is necessary to develop new therapies based on the inhibitors of NO synthases.

title: Tear XXXX levels in Beh  et's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['inactive disease']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The experience of treatment of @entity1378 with radioactive @entity1496 in the Nuclear Medicine department of the J. Godinot Institute, Rheims, from 1967 till 1987, is described. One thousand one hundred and fifty @entity1 (723 with diffuse and 427 with @entity4383 ) received a total of 1,565 doses. The dosage calculation method was considerably simplified, enabling a @entity1 to be treated in 24 hours. Thyroid gland mass evaluation, initially based on the scintigraphic projection area, is now performed by ultrasonography. The mean total radioactivity administered is 370 +/- 320 MBq per @entity1 . All @entity1 are seen on the 8th post-treatment week for clinical examination and hormone control. Seven out of 10 @entity1 are cured with a single dose. Long-term follow-up, based on a computer file, is effected by means of an annual letter sent to the @entity1 and to his family doctor, but in spite of sustained efforts 36 per cent of the @entity1 are lost sight of. The diagnosis of @entity1496 131-induced @entity1375 is based on plasma levels of TSH which, since 1984, are measured by the ultrasensitive method. The overall incidence of @entity1375 is 6.6 per cent in the first year and 3 per cent thereafter. Despite a simplified procedure, the results obtained by the authors are similar to those found in the literature, and the cost-efficiency ratio is excellent.

title: [Treatment of @entity1378 by radioactive XXXX . Development of methods and difficulties in the surveillance].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of combination drug therapy for disseminated @entity3069 complex infection in @entity1 with the @entity791 ( @entity791 ). DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, before-after comparison. SETTING: Outpatient clinics at three university medical centers. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 with at least two consecutive blood cultures positive for @entity3069 complex who had not been previously treated with antituberculous medications. Fifteen of the seventeen @entity1 completed at least 4 weeks of treatment. INTERVENTION: @entity1 received daily intravenous @entity4509 (7.5 mg/kg body weight) for the first 4 weeks plus the following oral medications for at least 12 weeks: @entity2177 , 750 mg twice daily; @entity3110 , 1000 mg daily; and @entity1215 , 600 mg daily. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The baseline geometric mean colony count from blood cultures decreased from 537/mL to 14/mL (P less than 0.001) after 4 weeks of therapy. The microbiologic suppression was sustained while on treatment and was associated with a decrease in systemic symptoms related to @entity3069 complex infection. Premature withdrawal from treatment (less than 12 weeks) occurred in 7 of 17 @entity1 . The commonest reasons for early withdrawal were @entity99 . CONCLUSIONS: Mycobacterial load and systemic symptoms in @entity1 with @entity791 and disseminated @entity3069 complex infection can be effectively reduced by a regimen containing @entity4509 , @entity3110 , @entity1215 , and @entity2177 .

title: Treatment of disseminated @entity3069 complex infection in @entity791 with @entity4509 , @entity3110 , XXXX , and @entity2177 . California Collaborative Treatment Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal intolerance and hepatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['M. avium', 'Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampin']


abstract: The study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of @entity902 based anti- @entity5 drugs has done much to direct their development, at both preclinical and clinical levels. The clinical development of @entity900 depended on an understanding of its mechanism of action. The amelioration of the @entity8 of @entity900 with @entity2827 infusion and forced diuresis is thought to rely on a common ion effect to suppress the formation of aquated species in the renal tubule. Studies of the modulation of @entity900 @entity137 with other agents have followed, although none has yet achieved widespread acceptance. Following the demonstration of the important clinical role for @entity900 , studies of the relationship between @entity137 and the reactivity of the leaving groups led to the development of the less toxic but equally effective analogue, @entity3003 . The clinical development of @entity3003 has in turn been strongly influenced by the studies of its pharmacokinetics, with pharmacokinetically guided dosing now being standard in many @entity5 centres and also being widely used in current clinical trials. Pharmacokinetic studies in animals have demonstrated that it is possible to make analogues that have good oral bioavailability. Apart from the convenience of oral administration, there is also the suggestion that these molecules may possess activity against certain @entity900 resistant cell lines. For the future, the development of sensitive methodologies whereby the exact types of @entity902 -DNA adducts formed can be characterized may allow the reason for the remarkable anti- @entity5 activity of these complexes to be elucidated and further, more selective compounds to be designed. The history of the development of @entity902 compounds emphasizes the importance of performing intensive pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and mechanistic studies in concert with the clinical development of any class of agents.

title: @entity902 complexes in @entity5 medicine: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in relation to XXXX and therapeutic activity.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The mean diagnostic delay of @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is greater than one year. Its causes are multiple, related to the affection, the @entity1 , or medical practices. METHODS: An investigation was carried out in 77 consecutive @entity1 , to describe their medical course since the date of the first symptoms until the diagnosis. Interrogation of the private practitioners potentially implied in the diagnostic procedure enabled an evaluation of the degree and origin of their knowledge of the disease. RESULTS: In the majority of @entity1 , the first consultation was conducted by a general practitioner. Referral to a neurologist occurred on average 7 months after this consultation. A first-intention electrophysiological examination was prescribed in one-third of @entity1 . Practitioners were unknowledgeable about certain clinical signs. Their knowledge on the disease came primarily from medical school training and for two-thirds, their satisfaction concerning their degree of training was low. CONCLUSION: This observational study shows that medical practices contribute to delayed diagnosis of @entity746 , particularly delayed referral to a neurologist. To enable earlier diagnosis, general practitioners should be informed of the usefulness of early referral for multidisciplinary care of @entity1 .

title: [Analysis of reasons for the late diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', 'ALS']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas (RCAVFs) have classically been used for the initiation of dialysis. If a suitable forearm cephalic vein can be demonstrated, it is used to construct such a @entity292 . However, we have noted a tendency for RCAVF in @entity1 with a history of @entity6 (type I and type II) to remain patent but not mature to the point of cannulation. Therefore, the present study was undertaken. METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity6 who required initial access for hemodialysis at an urban medical center and tertiary Veterans Medical Center underwent creation of an RCAVF (n = 10), @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ; n = 22), or @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ; n = 26). The vein used was determined by physical examination with tourniquet compression. If neither forearm or upper-arm cephalic veins were 2 mm in diameter, a @entity2548 was created after venography. Patency was determined by Kaplan-Meier estimate; differences between groups were assessed by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The 70% rate of nonmaturation of RCAVFs was significantly greater than the 27% rate for BCAVFs and 0% for TBAVFs (p < 0.05). The 33% cumulative primary patency rate at 18 months for RCAVFs was significantly less than 78% for BCAVFs and 79% for TBAVFs (p < 0.001). Within and between groups, there were no significant differences in age, gender, @entity117 use, history of @entity712 , @entity1307 use, hematocrit level, history of @entity1095 , or mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity177 and a history of @entity6 , both primary BCAVFs and TBAVFs demonstrate significantly greater maturation and increased primary cumulative patency rates compared with RCAVFs; therefore, these autogenous conduits are considered to be optimal in this group of @entity1 . Whether the discrepancy in lower-arm vein maturation is a result of a lack of compensatory increase in radial arterial flow or an intrinsic defect in the lower-arm cephalic vein is currently under investigation.

title: Superior maturation and patency of primary brachiocephalic and transposed basilic vein arteriovenous fistulae in XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['TBAVF', 'brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula', 'transposed basilic vein arteriovenous fistula', 'BCAVF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The meniscoid lesion is a frequent but not well known cause of persistent @entity158 in the anterior part of the upper ankle in sports traumatology. It has been described as portions of hyalinized tissue following an inversion sprain of the ankle. Trapping of this formation between the lateral cheek of the talus and the fibula is supposed to be responsible for @entity158 and other symptoms reported by the @entity1 . In 59 arthroscopic procedures on the ankle joint in athletes, @entity75 were seen in 19 cases. Only 1 of these 19 @entity1 showed lateral and anterior instability, and frequent clinical symptoms were @entity4 and trapping. Intraoperatively, all @entity75 were combined with @entity603 . @entity1844 and @entity5040 were seen several times. After an average follow-up period of 12 months, 14 @entity1 could be examined. Twelve of the athletes returned to full sports activity; 10 were very satisfied, 2 satisfied, and 2 unsatisfied. Nine @entity1 did not complain of any @entity4 , 4 did so on rare occasions, and 1 complained persistently. No @entity158 was reported 10 times, improvement of @entity158 3 times, and continuing persistent @entity158 1 time, probably because of simultaneous @entity1844 and @entity5040 . These were found more frequently in @entity1 with a longer case history and unsuccessful conservative treatment, so that early arthroscopic surgery is recommended.

title: Ankle joint arthroscopy for XXXX in athletes.

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['Chondromalacia', 'chondromalacia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['meniscoid lesions']


abstract: The ability of @entity3900 from porcine pancreas to degrade all of the available @entity14144 in mixed monolayers with @entity8159 , @entity10839 , or @entity10643 was investigated at different constant surface pressures. Under the conditions used the interfacial glycosphingolipid composition was continuously enriched as the enzyme action proceeded. The total percentage of phospholipid degradation depends on the surface pressure and on the type of glycosphingolipid. The presence of sulfatide activates the enzyme while @entity8159 and @entity10643 are inhibitory. The extent of phospholipid hydrolysis is independent of the effect of glycosphingolipids on the enzyme velocity. This is so when the latter is measured either in conditions of constant glycosphingolipid composition and zero-order kinetics [Bianco, I.D., Fidelio, G.D., _ Maggio, B. (1989) Biochem. J. 258, 95-99] or under variable surface composition as in the present work. The modulation of @entity3900 activity by glycosphingolipids operates at two independent levels. One controls the rate of enzyme activity, and the other modulates the total extent of substrate degradation. This depends on the initial interaction of the enzyme with the interface. The glycosphingolipid effect on the activity is different depending on whether the enzyme has access to the substrate from the subphase or is already adsorbed to the lipid interface.

title: Degradation of XXXX by @entity3900 in monolayers containing glycosphingolipids.

entities_list: @entity8159 :: ('MESH:C002454', 'Chemical') :: ['galactocerebroside']

entities_list: @entity14144 :: ('MESH:C015153', 'Chemical') :: ['dilauroylphosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity10643 :: ('MESH:D005677', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside GM1']

entities_list: @entity10839 :: ('CHEBI:18318', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfatide']

answer: @entity14144 :: (MESH:C015153,Chemical) :: ['dilauroylphosphatidylcholine']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 with echocardiographic and cinefluoroscopic evidence of Bj  rk-Shiley prosthetic valve obstruction (13 mitral valves and 3 aortic valves) were treated with intravenous streptokinase. Streptokinase was administered as an initial bolus of 250,000 units for 30 minutes, followed by an infusion of 100,000 units/hr. Serial cinefluoroscopy and echocardiography (M-mode, two-dimensional, and Doppler) were performed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment. The end point of treatment was defined as near normalization of clinical, echocardiographic, and fluoroscopic parameters. Successful thrombolysis was achieved in all @entity1 . The average duration of streptokinase therapy was 43 hours (range 2 to 72 hours). Two of 16 @entity1 had minor systemic @entity887 during therapy. Short-term follow-up has shown sustained benefit in 14 of 16 @entity1 . Two @entity1 have had rethrombosis of the mitral prosthetic valves and have undergone thrombectomy. Our study demonstrates the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of thrombolytic therapy in the treatment of @entity715 . It also emphasizes the role of serial Doppler echocardiography in guiding the duration of therapy and assessing its efficacy.

title: Thrombolytic therapy for XXXX : a study based on serial Doppler echocardiographic evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['prosthetic valve thrombosis']


abstract: AIM: Achievement of long-term effective control of blood pressure (BP) in @entity1 suffering from @entity101 by means of elaboration of stage by stage program of antihypertensive therapy and proof of its advantage over prescription of @entity551 drugs in real clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Effect of @entity44493 on parameters of vasomotor function of the endothelium were assessed. In randomized comparative prospective study with 1 year duration we included @entity1 with mild and moderate @entity101 . The study group received stepwise antihypertensive therapy based on @entity1289 inhibitor @entity44493 . Comparison group continued to take @entity551 drugs prescribed in conditions of outpatients clinic. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 (79.6% @entity1 ) were included in the study (30--in the study group, 30--in comparison group). Lowering of BP was observed in the process of therapy in both groups. Among @entity1 of @entity44493 group lowering of BP was more pronounced and occurred more quickly with achievement of target level of systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <80 1 month after beginning of treatment. Under the influence of therapy with @entity44493 for 6 months improvement of function of the endothelium was noted. CONCLUSION: In the process of stepwise therapy with the use of @entity44493 effective long-term control of BP is more quickly achieved compared with standard treatment of @entity101 , and improvement of vasomotor function of endothelium also occurs.

title: [Advantages of long-term controlled stepwise therapy of @entity101 with the use of @entity1289 inhibitor XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity44493 :: ('MESH:C052555', 'Chemical') :: ['spirapril']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity44493 :: (MESH:C052555,Chemical) :: ['spirapril']


abstract: The time course of in vitro @entity2498 nuclear oocyte maturation was determined. Ovaries were obtained at slaughter and oocytes were aspirated from follicles greater than 2mm in diameter. Oocytes with compact cumulus cells were matured in 50 microl microdrops (10 per drop) under mineral oil containing TCM 199 supplemented with 0.33 mM @entity2388 , 10 microg LH and FSH, 1 microg @entity53 and 10% foetal bovine serum. Oocytes were matured at 39 degrees C and 5% @entity515 in air. At 3h intervals (0-27 h) oocytes were removed from incubation, cumulus expansion scored and removed, and fixed oocytes in @entity1068 : @entity1543 (3:1) for 48 h. Oocytes were stained with lacmoid (1%) and nuclear maturation assessed. Oocytes were arrested in the germinal vesicle (GV) stage at aspiration and up to 6h of incubation. The nuclear membrane began to disperse after 6h and by 10.6+/-0.6h of incubation 75% of the oocytes exhibited @entity3453 ( @entity3453 ). The mean time for 50% of the oocytes to reach metaphase one (MI) and metaphase two (MII) was 11.7+/-0.4 and 24.8+/-0.9h, respectively. Cumulus oophorus were tightly compacted at aspiration and did not begin expansion until 12h of culture. Full expansion was complete by 18 h of culture. Corona radiata cells did not begin expansion until 15 h and were fully expanded by 24h. Results indicate that in vitro @entity2498 oocyte maturation follows a similar time course of nuclear maturation as reported for @entity291 and ovine oocytes.

title: Development of in vitro embryo production systems for @entity2498 ( XXXX ). Part 2. The timing of in vitro nuclear oocyte maturation.

entities_list: @entity3453 :: ('MESH:D054331', 'Disease') :: ['GVBD', 'germinal vesicle breakdown']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2498 :: (9860,Species) :: ['Cervus elaphus']