abstract: @entity10469 management has been significantly modified by the use of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (HDIVIG) during the past 15 years. Venous access, readily available IgG (until recently), and the relative lack of serious identifiable complications have prompted its use in @entity1737 . In adults, its effectiveness has been inconsistent, with variable @entity934 receptor (AChR) antibody responses. Ten @entity1 were evaluated for clinical responses to, and complications of, HDIVIG. Weekly anti-AChR antibody titers in three @entity1 were obtained. The HDIVIG dosage was 2 gm/kg body weight, infused at variable rates of 2 gm/kg for 1 day, 0.66 gm/kg daily for 3 days, and 0.5 g/kg daily for 4 days; in one @entity1 the total dose was 0.8 gm/kg to correct to the ideal body weight. All @entity1 but one tolerated HDIVIG without complications. Eight @entity1 exhibited definite improvement in functional strength after HDIVIG, but a decreasing response to HDIVIG was evident after multiple monthly treatments, warranting the additional use of corticosteroids in two @entity1 . A decrease in anti-AChR antibody levels was observed in the three @entity1 tested, but this decrease was constant in one @entity1 . No correlation was observed between clinical response and antibody titers. HDIVIG is safe and effective in most @entity1 for short-term management of juvenile @entity1737 , in myasthenic crises, and in preparing @entity1 for surgery but appears to be of limited long-term benefit.

title: High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in juvenile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity10469 :: ('MESH:D020274', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To report a very rare case of @entity6725 ( @entity6725 ) of the spine in an adult. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity6725 is very rare in the spine, with only five prior reports in @entity1 and @entity1 . To the best of our knowledge, this @entity5 has never been reported in an adult spine. METHODS: The @entity1 is a 47-year-old @entity1 who presented with bowel and @entity1494 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed a very large lesion arising from the L2 vertebral body, with massive extension into the retroperitoneum with extensive intradural involvement. She had decreased rectal tone, had 4/5 strength in the right hip flexor, and had diminished sensation in her anterior right thigh and perineal region. She was otherwise neurologically intact. After preoperative embolization, a decompressive laminectomy was performed and the @entity5 was resected through a posterolateral transpedicular approach, followed by stabilization. Because of extensive involvement of retroperitoneum, complete resection was not possible. RESULTS: After pathologic evaluation of the specimen, a diagnosis of @entity6725 was made. @entity1 underwent postoperative radiation therapy, and her neurologic examination improved significantly over the next several months. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of @entity6725 in an adult spine. Although complete resection of the @entity5 was not possible, decompression of the dural sac followed by postoperative radiation led to an excellent clinical outcome.

title: XXXX in an adult lumbar spine: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'patient', 'infants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder incontinence']

entities_list: @entity6725 :: ('MESH:D014972', 'Disease') :: ['JXG', 'juvenile xanthogranuloma']

answer: @entity6725 :: (MESH:D014972,Disease) :: ['Juvenile xanthogranuloma']


abstract: Candidaemia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the healthcare setting. Candida spp. @entity281 episodes prospectively recorded through a blood culture surveillance programme in a single institution from 1991 to 2008 were included in the study. Data regarding candidaemia episodes were analysed, including specific @entity364 and @entity1 survival at 30 days after diagnosis. There were 529 candidaemia episodes during the study period (495 were @entity580 ). The incidence of candidaemia caused by non- @entity5132 Candida spp. (52%) was higher than the incidence of candidaemia caused by @entity5132 (48%). The overall crude 30 day mortality rate was 32%. @entity1 with @entity7409 candidaemia had the lowest mortality rate (23%). @entity6923 was most commonly associated with @entity5 (61%; P < 0.001), stem cell transplantation (22%; P = 0.004), @entity1398 (57%; P = 0.001) and prior use of antifungal azole agents (26%; P < 0.001). @entity1 with C. krusei candidaemia had the highest crude 30 day mortality in this series (39%). Epidemiological studies are important to define clinical and microbiological candidaemia characteristics and to guide empirical treatment in every setting.

title: Candida species XXXX : epidemiology and outcome in a single institution from 1991 to 2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida krusei candidaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['Candida parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal species']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['bloodstream infection']


abstract: A porcine model of acute, haematogenous, localized @entity4034 was established. Serial dilutions of @entity794 [5-50-500-5000-50 000 CFU/kg body weight (BW) suspended in saline or saline alone] were inoculated into the right brachial artery of @entity1707 (BW 15 kg) separated into six groups of two animals. During the @entity281 , blood was collected for cultivation, and after the animals were killed from day 5 to 15, they were necropsied and tissues were sampled for histopathology. Animals receiving  <=500 CFU/kg BW were free of lesions. @entity1707 inoculated with 5000 and 50 000 CFU/kg BW only developed microabscesses in bones of the infected legs. In the centre of microabscesses, @entity794 was regularly demonstrated together with @entity39 neutrophils. Often, @entity79 resulted in trabecular @entity2530 . The present localized model of @entity697 revealed a pattern of development and presence of lesions similar to the situation in @entity1 . Therefore, this model should be reliably applied in studies of this disease with respect to e.g. pathophysiology and pathomorphology. Moreover, because of the regional containment of the @entity281 to a defined number of bones, the model should be applicable also for screening of new therapy strategies.

title: A porcine model of acute, haematogenous, localized XXXX due to @entity794 : a pathomorphological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute haematogenous osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We compared the Landolt C chart checked under normal clinical conditions and the Early Treatment of @entity6 Study (ETDRS) chart, using standard clinical research protocols for subjects with normal vision, @entity231 and @entity1020 . METHODS: This prospective, comparative study was approved by the hospital Institutional Review Board. @entity1 with @entity231 and @entity1020 were included, with the normal fellow eyes analyzed as normal vision group. Differences between the two charts were analyzed using Student's t-test. RESULTS: Normal and @entity231 eyes showed no statistically significant differences between methods. In the @entity1020 group, ETDRS acuity (0.714    0.393) was better than Landolt C acuity (0.845    0.579), but the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.152). Furthermore, if after dividing visual acuity into subgroups, >20/200 and  <=20/200 by Landolt C acuity, the latter subgroup had significant differences between the two tests (p < 0.001). ETDRS acuity (1.014    0.319) was better than Landolt C acuity (1.419    0.385). The average acuity difference was 4 lines. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1020 @entity1 with VA  <= 20/200, the ETDRS chart had a better score than the Landolt C chart.

title: Visual acuity as measured with Landolt C chart and Early Treatment of XXXX Study (ETDRS) chart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']


abstract: @entity1 @entity2002 gamma chain has been expressed intact at high levels in @entity526 . The construction of the expression plasmid, p253, is described. Synthesis of the recombinant protein is @entity8507 -dependent and is driven by the tac promoter. Western analysis of @entity526 lysates demonstrates a novel protein of approx. 45 kDa which cross-reacts with antisera to @entity1 @entity2002 gamma chains. The protein is not soluble in common @entity526 lysis buffers and becomes soluble in 6 M @entity2097 . @entity5828 or 6 M @entity1133 . Initial insolubility is due to interchain @entity1520 bond formation and to noncovalent interactions. Induced cells examined by phase-contrast microscopy contain dense inclusion bodies. A known function of the gamma chains of @entity1 @entity2002 is the clumping of @entity794 Newman D2C cells [Hawiger et al., Biochemistry (1982) 1407-1413]. We demonstrate that suspensions of recombinant gamma chains retain the ability to clump cells from this strain of @entity794 .

title: High-level expression of a functional XXXX fibrinogen gamma chain in @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity8507 :: ('CHEBI:61448', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: For palliative therapy during the chronic phase of @entity1860 @entity1863 has proved to be the drug of choice. During the past years @entity1862 and also interferon-alpha have gained increasing significance since they might prolong the duration of the chronic phase. In a multicenter study it is being determined, whether the use of @entity1862 or of interferon-alpha instead of @entity1863 prolongs the duration of the chronic phase of Philadelphia-positive @entity1860 . Additional goals are the examination, whether the types of disease evolution and the terminal phases differ between the treatment groups, and the prospective recognition of prognostic criteria for the duration of the chronic phase of @entity1860 . By November 26, 1987, 321 @entity1860 - @entity1 had been randomized, 147 for @entity1863 , 149 for @entity1862 and 25 for interferon-alpha. The average age is about 50 years. 59 @entity1 reached the end of the chronic phase, 55 died. The mean observation time of all @entity1 is 1.34 years. At present no significant difference in survival is recognizable between the @entity1863 and @entity1862 groups. Fewer adverse effects have been observed in the @entity1862 group. Philadelphia chromosome-negative @entity1 show a higher average age and tend to have lower white blood cell and platelet counts. The number of @entity1 having received interferon-alpha is still too small to allow evaluation. This report intends to document organization and progress of this study which to our knowledge is, at present, the largest ongoing prospective multicenter study on the therapy of @entity1860 .

title: [Chemotherapy of chronic myelocytic leukemia. Status of the German Multicenter Study on @entity1863 versus XXXX versus alpha interferon, October 1897].

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of penetrating aortic @entity1066 (PAUs) of the descending thoracic aorta has been associated with a poor long-term prognosis. Although early results have suggested acceptable outcomes for thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for PAU, few studies have described the late outcomes of this approach. METHODS: From 1993 to 2009, 37 @entity1 (43.2% male; mean age, 72 years) underwent TEVAR for PAU. Associated intramural @entity1410 was present in 19. Comorbidities included @entity101 in 31, @entity1030 in 16, @entity453 in 22, and @entity177 (mean preoperative @entity1011 , 1.4 mg/dL). Urgent or emergent indications were identified in 22 @entity1 (59.5%), including presentation with @entity397 in 15 (40.5%). RESULTS: TEVAR was successfully performed in all @entity1 . Arch repair was performed in 14 and total descending repair in 13. Concomitant procedures included coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and total arch debranching in one @entity1 electively presenting with an asymptomatic PAU. Early morbidity included @entity64 (5.4%), temporary @entity451 (5.4%), and need for dialysis (2.7%). In-hospital or 30-day mortality was seen in two @entity1 (5.4%). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, median survival was 89.8 months. Independent predictors of late mortality included urgent or emergent presentation (odds ratio, 14.7; P = .007). Actuarial freedom from TEVAR treatment failure (ie, need for open or endovascular aortic reintervention, @entity1755 , or aortic-related @entity204 ) was 81.6% +/- 7.8% at 5 years. Analysis stratified by type of pathology (PAU vs PAU and intramural @entity1410 ) showed no significant baseline differences in age, comorbidities, or extent of repair. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, however, presentation with PAU and intramural @entity1410 was associated with an increased risk for TEVAR treatment failure (P = .033). CONCLUSIONS: TEVAR can be safely accomplished for @entity1 presenting with PAU. The presence of associated intramural @entity1410 may adversely affect the late outcomes of therapy, highlighting the need for careful planning, prudent balancing of the benefits of immediate vs delayed treatment of the fragile aortic wall, and the imperative nature of attentive follow-up in @entity1 with PAU.

title: The challenge of associated intramural XXXX with endovascular repair for penetrating @entity1066 of the descending thoracic aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: Prior research has put forth at least four possible contributors to the verbal short-term memory (VSTM) deficit in @entity1 with @entity5545 ( @entity717 ): poor phonological awareness that affects phonological coding into VSTM, a less effective phonological store, slow articulation rate, and fewer/poorer quality long-term memory (LTM) representations. This project is among the first to test the four suppositions in one study. @entity1 included 18 @entity1 with @entity717 and 18 controls. VSTM was assessed using Baddeley's model of the phonological loop. Findings suggest all four suppositions are correct, depending upon the type of material utilized. @entity1 with @entity717 performed comparably to controls in VSTM for common words but worse for less frequent words and nonwords. Furthermore, only articulation rate predicted VSTM for common words, whereas Verbal IQ and articulation rate predicted VSTM for less frequent words, and phonological awareness and articulation rate predicted VSTM for nonwords. Overall, findings suggest that the mechanism(s) used to code and store items by their meaning is intact in @entity717 , and the deficit in VSTM for less frequent words may be a result of fewer/poorer quality LTM representations for these words. In contrast, phonological awareness and the phonological store are impaired, affecting VSTM for items that are coded phonetically. Slow articulation rate likely affects VSTM for most material when present. When assessing reading performance, VSTM predicted decoding skill but not word identification after controlling Verbal IQ and phonological awareness. Thus, VSTM likely contributes to reading ability when words are novel and must be decoded.

title: There are multiple contributors to the verbal short-term memory deficit in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['developmental reading disabilities']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['developmental reading disabilities']


abstract: PURPOSE: Symptoms secondary to hormonal changes significantly impact quality of life (QoL) in @entity1 with @entity5 . This cross-sectional study examines prevalence of @entity6126 and its correlation with QoL and @entity250 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We collected blood and medical histories from 428 male @entity1 with non- @entity251 -related @entity5 at three @entity5 centers. Serum was analyzed for total @entity251 (TT), free @entity251 (FT), bioavailable @entity251 (BAT), and @entity443 ( @entity443 ). The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) QoL questionnaire measured physical, social, emotional, and functional domains as well as sexual function. Exclusion criteria were prostate, testicular, or @entity2675 ; known @entity6126 ; and @entity645 . RESULTS: Mean and median TTs were 337.46 and 310 ng/dL, respectively. The mean age of @entity1 was 62.05 years. The crude prevalence of @entity6126 (ie, TT < 300 ng/dL) was 48%, and mean TT in @entity6126 @entity1 was 176 ng/dL. The prevalences that were based on FT (ie, @entity6126 < 52 pg/dL) and BAT (ie, @entity6126 < 95 ng/dL) were 78% and 66%, respectively. The mean FT and BAT values in @entity6126 @entity1 were 25 pg/dL and 45 ng/dL, respectively. @entity6126 @entity1 had decreased total QoL scores on FACT-P (P = .01) and decreased three-item sexual function subset (P = .003). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity6126 was unexpectedly high. Measurement of FT or BAT detected a higher prevalence than TT alone, which confirmed previous studies. Correlation of T with FACT-P showed significant reduction of both overall QoL and sexual function for @entity6126 @entity1 . BAT and FT levels showed a stronger correlation than TT with overall FACT-P and subscales. The prevalence of symptomatic @entity6126 in male @entity1 with @entity5 exceeds that found in comparable studies in noncancer populations.

title: @entity251 levels and quality of life in diverse male XXXX with @entity5 unrelated to androgens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'hypogonadal', 'Hypogonadal']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Of 480 @entity1 studied, the relative frequency of @entity272 divided into three categories were: score 266 (55%), infected scabies 164 (34%) and tropical @entity1066 50 (10%). Infected scabies was more prevalent in the less than 2 year age group and tropical @entity1066 were commonest in the 9-12 year age group and these differences were significant. The majority of lesions occurred on the lower extremities with the trunk the least commonly affected area. No significant differences were found in different age groups between males and females. Beta haemolytic streptococci (95%), @entity794 (83%), @entity18310 (72%) and @entity12647 (35%) were the major bacteria isolated. Beta haemolytic streptococci were the most prevalent in infected scabies and least in tropical @entity1066 and these differences were significant. Three major Lancefield groups were isolated: group A (61%), group C (19%) and group G (19%). The distribution of these groups were unequal with group A most common in infected scabies but rarely seen in tropical @entity1066 . Groups C and G were found more commonly in tropical @entity1066 than the other two groups of lesions and these differences were significant. Multiple populations of beta haemolytic streptococci in a single lesion were seen in 19% of @entity1 . Less than one third of @entity4195 were M typable and of these 18% were known nephritogenic serotypes. @entity794 was significantly more common in infected scabies and least common in tropical @entity1066 . The prevalence of Vincent's organisms in tropical @entity1066 (74%) was significantly higher than scores (9%) and infected scabies (1%). The isolation rate of @entity18310 was significantly higher in infected scabies than the other two groups. The most common biotype isolated was var mitis (72%). Only 2% of isolates were toxigenic. @entity12647 was isolated significantly more frequently in tropical @entity1066 than the other lesions. All major bacteria, excluding betalactamase-producing Straphylococcus aureus, were uniformly sensitive to @entity114 . @entity3256 resistance was found in 1% of @entity794 isolates and is reported here for the first time in this country. These isolates were also multiply resistant to @entity2929 , @entity2755 and @entity803 .

title: The aerobic bacteriology of infected @entity272 in XXXX of the Eastern Highlands Province.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity12647 :: ('28264', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium haemolyticum']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity18310 :: ('1717', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium diphtheriae']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Nonarteritic @entity6810 (NAION) results from isolated anterior optic nerve (ON)- @entity63 near the retina-optic nerve junction. We utilized a rodent model of NAION (rAION) to study the in vivo inflammatory response after pure axonal @entity1188 . ON @entity63 was generated using laser-coupled rose Bengal dye photoactivation, and the @entity1188 localized using tetrazolium red and histology. ON @entity32 was evaluated following @entity1188 using extrinsic macrophage ( @entity22577 ) and microglial (isolated @entity11654 ) cell markers. In naive ONs, some @entity22577 (+)/ @entity11654 (+) cells, representing extrinsic macrophages, were present in intraretinal ON region, but not in the retroscleral (isolated ON) region. Numerous @entity22577 (-)/ @entity11654 (+) cells, likely representing intrinsic microglia, were present throughout the entire ON. One day post- @entity64 , slight increases in both @entity22577 (+) and @entity11654 (+) cells were apparent in the eye region immediately surrounding the anterior ON. Three days post- @entity64 , there was marked infiltration and aggregates of @entity22577 (+)/ @entity11654 (+) cells, with axon structural disruption in the region of the @entity1188 . @entity22577 (+) and @entity11654 (+) cells were present in the portion of the ON surrounding the @entity1188 , possibly representing a penumbral region similar to that seen in @entity63 @entity4798 . Although @entity22577 (+) cells decreased by 7-14 days post- @entity64 , large numbers of @entity11654 (+) cells persisted in the anterior ON. Similar to other CNS @entity385 , pure @entity63 results in the early recruitment of extrinsic macrophages to the @entity63 region. Manipulation of the inflammatory response may be an important variable that could potentially improve visual outcome.

title: @entity1188 and @entity63 in the rodent model of XXXX (rAION).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['axonal ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'ischemic infarct']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity6810 :: (MESH:D018917,Disease) :: ['anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of the Centor score (cervical adenopathy, tonsillar exudate, fever, and absence of catarrh symptoms) in diagnosing @entity883 (gold standard: throat swab). DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: San Fernando 2 Health Centre, Madrid (outer urban area), Spain. @entity1 : On hundred forty @entity1 over 14 years old who had a "sore throat" as main symptom and attended clinic between 14 February and 12 May, 2005. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the probability quotients of the Centor score were determined. Pharyngeal throat culture was used as the reference method. RESULTS: Thirty four @entity1 had positive throat culture (24.3%; 95% CI, 17.6%-32.4%). Finding the 4 criteria in the Centor score had a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 48.1% (95% CI, 30.7%-66.0%) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 81.4% (95% CI, 73.3%-87.5%); although only fever (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.40-9.49) and tonsillar exudate (OR, 6.18; 95% CI, 2.08-18.35) were linked to streptococcal aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: The high NPV and specificity of the clinical score makes the diagnosis of @entity883 very accurate. However, the @entity2286 is low: a high Centor score (3 or 4 criteria) does not mean @entity883 with certainty. What approach to take with @entity1 suspected of @entity883 is not yet resolved (microbiological test, early antibiotic, or postponed antibiotic).

title: [Is XXXX diagnosis possible?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal pharyngitis', 'non-streptococcal pharyngitis']

answer: @entity883 :: (MESH:D013290,Disease) :: ['streptococcal pharyngitis']


abstract: Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity459 were studied four to eight years after their initial operation. In six @entity1 , both the pathologist and surgeon agreed on the diagnosis of solitary @entity652 ; in 16 @entity1 , the surgeon diagnosed solitary @entity652 and the pathologist @entity3243 ( @entity1373 ). In 16 @entity1 , primary @entity1373 was agreed upon by the pathologist and surgeon. In the 16 @entity1 with @entity1373 , there have been no long-term recurrences of @entity2741 , but, in two @entity1 , plasma @entity461 levels are high. @entity461 --total @entity460 regression curves demonstrate significant preoperative correlation in solitary @entity652 , p less than 0.01, and primary @entity1373 , p less than 0.05. After operation, significant correlations were not found between @entity461 and total @entity460 . T-testing slope differences of pre- and postoperative @entity461 --total @entity460 regression curves demonstrates a significant (p less than 0.01) shift to the right of the @entity1373 @entity1 after operation, moving them to a broader range of total @entity460 per picogram @entity461 . We conclude that 1) in @entity459 , positive regulation of total @entity460 by autonomously released @entity461 exists in @entity1 with solitary @entity652 and @entity1373 ; 2) autonomously functioning parathyroid tissue has been removed by operation for solitary @entity652 with coexistent microscopic @entity3243 . In this four- to eight-year follow-up period, it is clear that microscopic @entity3243 is not associated with recurrent @entity2741 . Two functionally distinct forms of parathyroid suppression are suggested; positively regulated @entity1373 and negatively regulated pathologically suppressed glands.

title: Primary hyperparathyroidism: four- to eight-year postoperative follow-up demonstrating persistent functional insignificance of microscopic @entity3243 and decreased autonomy of XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic hyperplasia', 'chief cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['Parathyroid hormone', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: We aimed to assess the results of the modified @entity4438 for the treatment of genuine stress @entity322 (GSI), using an observational study of @entity1 at a South Wales Teaching Hospital. Seventy-three @entity1 with proven GSI underwent a modified @entity4438 . Thirty-seven also had a significant urge component to their symptoms though only two had demonstrable detrusor instability. Fifty-one had undergone previous @entity322 surgery. All had pre-operative videourodynamics and 50 agreed to follow up urodynamics. Of these who had undergone previous surgery 48 (94%) were subjectively dry, though four (8%) still demonstrated GSI on videourodynamics. There were no failures in the previously unoperated group. Three require long-term intermittent self-catheterisation and three others catheterise occasionally. Overall, 29 @entity1 (78%) were improved or cured of their urge component but three were worse, with urge @entity322 . From our data, it seems that the modified @entity4438 is superior to standard techniques for GSI especially in @entity1 who have undergone previous surgery. However loosely the sling is placed, a small but significant group are obstructed by the procedure, and may require self-catheterisation.

title: The modified @entity4438 for the treatment of genuine stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['rectus fascial sling']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Leishmania is transmitted by female sand flies and deposited together with saliva, which contains a vast repertoire of pharmacologically active molecules that contribute to the establishment of the @entity281 . The exposure to vector saliva induces an immune response against its components that can be used as a marker of exposure to the vector. Performing large-scale serological studies to detect vector exposure has been limited by the difficulty in obtaining sand @entity238 saliva. Here, we validate the use of two sand @entity238 salivary recombinant proteins as markers for vector exposure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: ELISA was used to screen @entity1 sera, collected in an area endemic for @entity234 , against the @entity3359 ( @entity3359 ) or two recombinant proteins (rLJM11 and rLJM17) from Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva. Antibody levels before and after @entity3359 seroconversion (n = 26) were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank paired test. @entity1 sera from an area endemic for @entity10389 which recognize Lu. longipalpis saliva in ELISA also recognize a combination of rLJM17 and rLJM11. We then extended the analysis to include 40 sera from individuals who were seropositive and 40 seronegative to Lu. @entity3359 . Each recombinant protein was able to detect anti-saliva seroconversion, whereas the two proteins combined increased the detection significantly. Additionally, we evaluated the specificity of the anti-Lu. longipalpis response by testing 40 sera positive to Lutzomyia intermedia @entity3359 , and very limited (2/40) cross-reactivity was observed. Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the effectiveness of these proteins for the prediction of anti- @entity3359 positivity. These ROC curves evidenced the superior performance of rLJM17+rLJM11. Predicted threshold levels were confirmed for rLJM17+rLJM11 using a large panel of 1,077 serum samples. CONCLUSION: Our results show the possibility of substituting Lu. @entity3359 for two recombinant proteins, LJM17 and LJM11, in order to probe for vector exposure in individuals residing in endemic areas.

title: Using recombinant proteins from Lutzomyia longipalpis saliva to estimate XXXX vector exposure in @entity234 endemic areas.

entities_list: @entity3359 :: ('MESH:D012466', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland sonicate', 'SGS', 'longipalpis SGS']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Forty-six evaluable @entity1 with recurrent @entity151 were entered on a phase II Hoosier Oncology Group (HOG) protocol evaluating bolus @entity632 40 mg/m2 followed by @entity1311 175 mg/m2 over 3 hours. Courses were repeated every 3 weeks for a maximum of 6 courses. Therapy was well-tolerated with grade III @entity2359 in 5 @entity1 (11%), grade III/IV emesis in 5 (11%), and grade III @entity33 in 2 @entity1 . One @entity1 had grade IV @entity925 and one @entity1 had grade III @entity1370 . The main @entity137 was myelosuppression. Twenty-nine @entity1 (63%) had grade IV and 8 (17%) grade III @entity3028 . Nine @entity1 (20%) were hospitalized for granulocytopenic fever. There was no treatment-related mortality. Nineteen of 46 @entity1 (41%) had an objective response, including 3 complete remissions. Two of 14 @entity1 with @entity66 (progression less than 3 months after initial therapy) responded, compared to 17 of 32 (52%) with sensitive disease (progression beyond 3 months of initial chemotherapy regimen).

title: Phase II study of @entity632 and XXXX as second-line chemotherapy of @entity151 : a Hoosier Oncology Group Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: For treatment of intra and @entity282 , no drug has yet been identified that specifically inhibits nociception without associated side effects. @entity1760 has antinociceptive effects in animal and @entity1 models of @entity158 . The current prospective randomised double-blind study was undertaken to establish the effect of addition of @entity1760 or @entity1338 , as adjuvant, to epidural @entity1341 in lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. A total of 90 American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade I and II @entity1 undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries were enrolled to receive either @entity2400 (Group B) or @entity1338 (Group C) along with epidural @entity1341 for surgical anaesthesia. All @entity1 received 19 ml of epidural @entity1341 0.5% along with 50 mg @entity1760 in group B, 150 mcg @entity1338 in Group C, whereas in control group (Group A), @entity1 received same volume of normal saline. Onset time, heart rate, blood pressure, duration of @entity1337 , @entity158 assessment by visual analogue score (VAS) and adverse effects were recorded. Onset of anaesthesia was rapid in @entity1760 group (Group B). In group C there was prolongation of duration of anaesthesia and sedation with lower VAS score, but the incidence of shivering was higher. The groups were similar with respect to haemodynamic variables, @entity390 and @entity391 . The current study establishes @entity2400 as a predictable and safe adjunct to epidural @entity1341 for rapid onset of anaesthesia and @entity1338 for prolonged duration of anaesthesia with sedation.

title: Evaluation of the effect of @entity2400 vs. XXXX as adjunct to epidural @entity1341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Middle ear surgeries (MESs) are usually performed under sedation with local anaesthesia and can be well tolerated by the @entity1 with minimal discomfort. In the present study, we compare the effect of @entity5889 / @entity6948 combination with @entity5889 / @entity1875 on sedation and analgesia in monitored anaesthesia care. METHODS: One hundred adult @entity1 undergoing MESs under monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) were randomly allocated into two groups. All @entity1 in both groups received injection @entity5889 50  g/kg intravenously (IV). Group D received a bolus dose of injection @entity6948 1  g/kg IV over 10 min followed by an infusion started at 0.4  g/kg/h IV. Group P received a bolus dose of injection @entity1875 0.75 mg/kg followed by an infusion started at 0.025 mg/kg/min IV. Sedation was titrated to Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS) of 3. @entity1 's mean arterial pressure, heart rate, saturation peripheral pulse and need for intraoperative rescue sedation/analgesia were recorded and compared. The data analysis was carried out with Z test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: Mean RSS was significantly more in Group D (4.24    1.54) as compared to Group P (2.58    0.95). Overall VAS score was also significantly less in Group D (3.5    1.7) than in Group P (5.4    1.8). In total, 16 @entity1 (32%) in Group D had @entity551 whereas 7 @entity1 (14%) only in Group P had @entity551 . CONCLUSION: @entity5889 / @entity6948 combination is superior to @entity5889 / @entity1875 in producing sedation and decreasing VAS in @entity1 undergoing MESs under MAC. Better surgeon and @entity1 satisfaction were observed with @entity5889 / @entity6948 . Haemodynamics need to be closely monitored.

title: Monitored anaesthesia care - Comparison of @entity5889 / @entity6948 versus @entity5889 / XXXX for middle ear surgeries: A double-blind randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity5889 :: ('MESH:D009266', 'Chemical') :: ['nalbuphine', 'Nalbuphine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1636 are extremely rare @entity5 , considered to be non-functional and of low malignant potential. Despite the great advance in laparoscopic techniques, there are extremely limited reports of laparoscopic approach of @entity1636 . Herein is presented a challenging case of laparoscopic approach to a large @entity1636 , underlining the safety and feasibility of laparoscopy in the surgical management of these extremely rare @entity5 . PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 34 year-old male was referred for surgical evaluation after the incidental discovery of a large right adrenal mass, during ultrasound examination due to renal colic. Further imaging evaluation revealed a well circumscribed capsule around the mass was demonstrated, with no evidence of infiltration of the @entity5 to periadrenal tissues. The @entity1 was scheduled for laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, running an uneventful postoperative period. Histopathology revealed the presence of an @entity1637 . DISCUSSION: Recent studies have demonstrated that approximately one third of @entity1636 are associated with hormonal hypersecretion, as well as that one fifth of them demonstrate malignant biological behavior. From this point of view, there is emerging evidence in favor of the necessity of surgical excision as the treatment of choice. In spite of the progress of laparoscopic surgery, only three cases of laparoscopic excision of these @entity5 have been reported up to date. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery offers a safe alternative in confronting @entity1636 , even when the biological behavior of the @entity5 cannot be pre-operatively evaluated in a definite way.

title: Laparoscopic approach to a large XXXX : A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumors', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical oncocytoma', 'Adrenocortical oncocytomas', 'adrenocortical neoplasms', 'adrenocortical oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal oncocytoma']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical oncocytoma']


abstract: We examined the electrophysiologic actions of BRB-I-28 using two in vivo and two in vitro models of @entity741 . In intact @entity235 heart studied 4 days after anterior descending @entity1563 , BRB-I-28 (3 and 6 mg/kg, i.v.) prolonged refractoriness in ischemically injured epicardium to an extent similar to that caused by @entity3303 (3 and 6 mg/kg i.v.). BRB-I-28 produced less rate-dependent epicardial delay and, unlike @entity3303 , failed to facilitate reentrant @entity943 formation. @entity3303 and BRB-I-28 (3 and 6 mg/kg i.v.) produced similar rate-dependent prolongation of HV intervals in the normal His-Purkinje system, and produced both tonic and use-dependent conduction block in the ischemically injured His-Purkinje system studied 2 h after anteroseptal coronary artery ligation. In isolated superfused ventricular epicardium studied 1-4 days after anterior descending coronary artery ligation, BRB-I-28 reduced action potential amplitude (APA) and maximum phase 0 upstroke (Vmax) in normal (3.2 mg/L) and ischemically injured (1 and 3.2 mg/L) tissue, with marked tonic and use-dependent conduction block (3.2 mg/L). AP potential duration (APD) was unaltered. In isolated, superfused, ischemically injured @entity235 endocardium studied 24 h after anterior descending @entity1563 , BRB-I-28 (3.2 and 10 ml/L) reduced APA and Vmax and prolonged refractoriness and conduction times in ischemically injured tissue without altering APD. @entity616 was more prominent, and use-dependent block was observed at lower drug concentrations in ischemically injured tissue. The data demonstrate selective conduction @entity308 and prolongation of refractoriness for BRB-I-28 in ischemically injured tissues. Both use-dependent and tonic conduction block contribute to the decrease in conduction observed with BRB-I-28 in ischemically injured myocardium, with more prominent tonic conduction block present in ischemically injured epicardium and His-Purkinje tissue at 2-24 h after @entity1563 than in ischemically injured left ventricular (LV) epicardium studied 4 days after @entity1563 .

title: Electrophysiologic actions of BRB-I-28 in ischemically injured XXXX myocardium.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine', 'Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Tonic block']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure and compare the dimensions of the sustentaculum tali (ST) in pediatric @entity1 with @entity14948 to determine if the contralateral side has altered morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study, which was HIPAA compliant. Informed consent was waived. Radiology records were reviewed to identify 35 @entity1 with @entity14948 undergoing computed tomography (CT) (21 male, 14 female; mean age, 14.54 years) and 33 control @entity1 with triplane fracture (21 male, 12 female; mean age, 13.48 years). CT images were reviewed, and reformatted images through the subtalar joint (on the side opposite the coalition) were created. Anteroposterior measurements of the @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ) and the ST were recorded by two observers with electronic calipers. The @entity2172 /ST ratio and the ST length extending posterior to the @entity2172 were calculated. Measurements between groups were compared by using Wald tests based on linear regressions. Inter- and intraobserver variabilities were determined by means of a component of variance model. RESULTS: The lengths of the @entity2172 and ST for the study and control groups were 12.86 and 16.82 mm (P < .001) and 23.83 and 22.06 mm (P = .053), respectively. Intra- and interobserver correlations for both measurements were 0.94 and 0.92 and 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. @entity2172 /ST ratio was 0.54 versus 0.76 (P < .001), and ST length extending posterior to the @entity2172 was 10.97 versus 5.24 mm (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The @entity2172 is smaller and the ST extends further beyond the @entity2172 in @entity1 with a @entity717 than in control @entity1 . The morphology of the ST may provide insight into the origins and development of coalitions.

title: Unilateral XXXX : contralateral sustentaculum tali morphology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral subtalar coalition']

entities_list: @entity14948 :: ('MESH:C536895', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral subtalar coalition']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'middle facet']

answer: @entity14948 :: (MESH:C536895,Disease) :: ['subtalar coalition']


abstract: To determine whether reactive @entity26 molecules could directly and reversibly increase the transfer of albumin across an endothelial barrier, we measured albumin transfer across monolayers of endothelium cultured on micropore filters before and after exposure to @entity3624 and @entity3624 oxidase. @entity3624 and @entity3624 oxidase increased endothelial albumin transfer in a dose-dependent fashion. Parallel phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated retraction of adjacent cells from one another and disruption of the actin filaments. The oxidant-induced increases in albumin transfer and changes in cell shape were reversed by removing @entity3624 oxidase and then incubating the monolayers for 3 1/2 hours in tissue culture media enriched with fetal bovine serum. However, incubation in tissue culture media without serum resulted in progressive @entity204 . Hence, the brief exposure to oxidants initiated a progressive injury process that was reversed by incubation in serum. Because intracellular and extracellular @entity460 are important determinants of cell shape, and because some oxidized membrane lipids act as @entity460 ionophores, we asked whether oxidants altered endothelial @entity460 homeostasis. @entity3624 - @entity3624 oxidase increased release of 45Ca++ from preloaded cells. The @entity460 antagonist @entity7395 prevented @entity3624 - @entity3624 oxidase increases in endothelial albumin transfer and prevented the changes in cell shape; chelation of extracellular @entity460 inhibited lysis of endothelium by @entity3624 - @entity3624 oxidase; and the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 increased endothelial albumin transfer and mimicked the oxidant-induced changes in cell shape. @entity7395 inhibited these effects of @entity3365 . These data suggest that @entity26 radicals can reversibly increase endothelial permeability to macromolecules, that this is associated with reversible changes in endothelial cell shape and actin filaments, and that the changes in cell shape are related to oxidant-induced changes in endothelial @entity460 homeostasis.

title: Reversible oxidant-induced increases in albumin transfer across cultured endothelium: alterations in cell shape and XXXX homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['Xanthine', 'xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7395 :: ('MESH:C028521', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum chloride', 'Lanthanum chloride']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['injury and cell death']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of the novel proinflammatory cytokine high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 ( @entity8919 ) in the pathogenesis of @entity1988 . METHODS: Serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Renal morphologic features were examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistologic analyses. The mRNA expression of @entity8919 and @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) was detected by RT-PCR. RESULT: MRL/lpr @entity19 demonstrated characteristic alterations of serum immune parameters, with progressively increased anti-dsDNA antibodies with age, compared with age-matched C57BL/6J @entity19 . MRL/lpr @entity19 showed progressive development of @entity8 , starting at 12 weeks of age and reached the peak at 20 weeks. The observed lesions included the presence of enlarged hypercellular glomeruli, with increased numbers of both resident cells and infiltrating leukocytes. Higher expression of @entity8919 mRNA was found in MRL/lpr @entity19 than what in C57BL/6J @entity19 . Expression of @entity8919 was positively correlated with that of @entity1750 mRNA. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the higher expression of @entity8919 may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity1988 .

title: [Expression of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 in XXXX with @entity1988 ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Altered glomerular metabolism of @entity1426 (AA) has already been demonstrated in experimental @entity1310 . The enhanced synthesis of @entity2404 ( @entity3447 ) in isolated glomeruli that has been found may mediate changes in renal hemodynamics. The objectives of this investigation were: to check whether glomerular AA metabolism is also altered in a model of @entity8 in which no leukocyte infiltration or platelet deposition could be demonstrated; to establish a correlation between the altered AA metabolism and @entity644 ; and to explore whether the alteration of the @entity3009 (PG) pathway found in isolated glomeruli is an in vitro artifact or reflects a modification in vivo. We used a model of @entity8 characterized by heavy and persistent @entity644 , which was induced in the @entity35 by a single intravenous injection of @entity632 . At light microscopy, minimal @entity8 were found in this model. Electron microscopy showed profound alterations of glomerular epithelial cells with extensive fusion of foot processes and signs of epithelial cell activation. Electron microscopy of numerous glomeruli showed no platelet deposition or macrophage and leukocyte infiltration in this model. Isolated glomeruli from @entity1985 @entity35 studied 14 or 30 d after a single intravenous injection of @entity632 (7.5 mg/kg) when animals were heavily proteinuric generated significantly more TxB2, the stable breakdown product of @entity3447 , than normal glomeruli. No significant changes were found in the other major AA metabolites formed through cyclooxygenase. Urinary excretion of immunoreactive TxB2 was also significantly higher in @entity1985 than in normal animals. Administration of a selective Tx synthetase inhibitor, UK-38,485, from day 14 to day 18 after @entity632 resulted in a significant reduction of @entity644 compared with pretreatment values. Glomerular synthesis and urinary excretion of TxB2 were normal during the UK-38,485 treatment. Additional experiments showed that elevated glomerular synthesis and urinary excretion of @entity3448 were not a consequence of increased substrate availability. Maximal stimulation of the @entity3449 -angiotensin @entity2270 with @entity1483 increased glomerular TxB2 synthesis in normal @entity35 , which was significantly lower than in @entity1985 animals. Finally, experiments using a unilateral model of @entity632 @entity3450 indicated that the enhancement of glomerular TxB2 synthesis is not simply a consequence of the @entity1985 . We conclude that: there is an @entity8 metabolism in @entity751 , which leads to increased @entity3447 production; the increased Tx generation correlates with @entity644 and might be responsible for altering the glomerular basement membrane permeability to protein; and the alteration found in isolated glomeruli probably reflects a modification in vivo, in that urinary excretion of immunoreactive TxB2 is also consistently increased in @entity632 @entity3450 .

title: Increased glomerular thromboxane synthesis as a possible cause of XXXX in experimental @entity3450 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'protein excretion']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotoxic nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['abnormality of glomerular AA', 'glomerulopathy', 'glomerular damage', 'glomerular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['nephritic syndrome']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Changes occur in adhesion molecules in the disease course of @entity1582 . @entity4619 ( @entity4619 , @entity4619 ) works as the ligand of selectin-neutrophil adhesion molecules. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between @entity4619 expression in the bone marrow and the known prognostic factors for @entity1582 , disease stage, and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research included 63 @entity1 with @entity1582 (26 @entity1 [41.3%]; 37 @entity1 [58.7%]). The bone marrow biopsy samples obtained at disease diagnosis for each @entity1 were stained immunohistochemically in terms of @entity4619 expression using standard diagnostic immunohistochemical staining methods. The laboratory results, @entity4619 expression, overall survival, demographic characteristics of the disease, and the relationship between @entity4619 expression and the disease stage were evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 63 @entity1 included in the present study, the survival rate was 82.3% for 1  year, 73.2% for 2 years, 63.4% for 3 years, 51.7% for 4 years, 40.3% for 5 years, and 33.6% for 6 and 7 years. A  statistically significant difference was not detected between the @entity4619 staining ratio and disease survival (P  = .232). A  statistically significant difference was not detected between the @entity4619 staining degree and survival rate (P  = .184). However, the overall survival of the @entity1 with no @entity4619 expression in the bone marrow was lower than  that for the @entity1 whose @entity4619 was stained 1, 2, and 3 degrees (12.33    11.49, 28.65    31.44, 37.25     29.32, and 47.92    45.29 months, respectively; P  < .001). CONCLUSION: In the present study, @entity4619 staining and the staining degree, with the other standard immunohistochemical stains, were shown to be beneficial in the diagnosis of @entity1582 . However, the results did not provide information about the disease course. Studies of a larger number of @entity1 to examine @entity8729 and @entity650 levels are needed to investigate the disease course.

title: Relationship of @entity8729 Glycoprotein Ligand-1 to Prognosis in XXXX With @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4619 :: ('6404', 'Gene') :: ['CD162', 'PSGL-1', 'P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma disease', 'multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1140 is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in hepatic transplantation to avoid graft rejection. Its pharmacokinetics is characterized by a large interindividual variability requiring the use of therapeutic drug monitoring in daily clinical practice. Some genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes or transporter proteins, such as @entity5396 and P-glycoprotein ( @entity1262 ), in donors and/or recipients, appear as important determinants of the Tac blood pharmacokinetics. A recent study has shown that Tac hepatic tissue concentrations vary greatly among @entity1 and are well correlated with graft outcome. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes ( @entity5396 and @entity13112 ) or in their regulatory protein pregnane X receptor as well as in transporter proteins ( @entity1262 and @entity6906 ) on Tac pharmacokinetics in liver transplant @entity1 and more specifically on Tac hepatic concentrations. METHODS: One hundred and fifty liver donors were genotyped for 13 different polymorphisms. Tac blood and hepatic concentrations were compared according to hepatic genotypes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We confirmed that Tac dose requirement (on the basis of blood therapeutic drug monitoring) was higher among @entity1 expressing hepatic @entity5396 (at least one @entity5396 *1 allele) compared with @entity1 who did not ( @entity5396 *3/*3). Hepatic expression of @entity5396 , however, did not seem to influence Tac hepatic concentrations. In contrast, @entity1262 genetic polymorphisms significantly influenced Tac hepatic concentrations, whereas their impact on blood concentrations seemed negligible. Among these @entity1262 polymorphisms, the @entity13113 and @entity7657 /A single nucleotide polymorphisms seemed to reduce the activity of @entity7895 on Tac. As Tac hepatic concentrations have been significantly related to the graft outcome, it might be interesting, in the future, to genotype donors for @entity1262 polymorphisms to better individualize the Tac immunosuppressive therapy in hepatic transplantation.

title: @entity13113 and @entity7657 /A polymorphisms of @entity1262 independently affect XXXX concentration in hepatic tissue after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: A 63-year-old @entity1 , who had undergone induction of artificial pneumothorax at 20 years of age as a treatment for right @entity378 , developed @entity221 and cough. A chest X-ray film showed marked @entity1143 in the right chest. Examination of sputum and the @entity1143 revealed @entity6835 , and right tuberculous @entity3509 was diagnosed. At surgery, the right thoracic cavity was occupied by @entity3509 , and multiple @entity292 were observed. Because of the presence of tubercle bacilli in the @entity3509 , extraperiosteal air plombage thoracoplasty was insufficient for control of the @entity3509 . Therefore, omentoplasty was added. Two months after the operation, the @entity1 was discharged in @entity558 . He has been doing well without any sign of recurrence of @entity3509 for the last two years. Although extraperiosteal air plombage thoracoplasty is a considerably effective therapy for @entity3509 , its curability rate is lower in cases like the present one in which @entity292 and bacteria are present in @entity3509 , such as our case. We consider that our method, extrapriosteal air plombage thoracoplasty with omentoplasty, is a reliable one for control of @entity3509 , in @entity1 with high risk factors for recurrence, such as @entity292 and bacteria in the cavity.

title: [A case of chronic empyema due to @entity378 with XXXX treated successfully by extraperiosteal air plombage thoracoplasty and omentoplasty].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['tubercle bacillus']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema', 'empyema cavity']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistulae']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['bronchopleural fistulae']


abstract: It was hypothesized that biofilm could play an important role in the establishment of chronic @entity794 @entity291 @entity1271 . The in vitro evaluation of biofilm formation can be performed either in closed/static or in flow-based systems. Efforts have been made to characterize the biofilm-forming ability of @entity794 @entity1271 isolates, however most authors used static systems and matrices other than UHT milk. It is not clear whether such results could be extrapolated to the mammary gland environment. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the biofilm-forming ability of @entity794 strains from subclinical @entity291 @entity1271 using the static method and a flow-based one. One hundred and twelve strains were tested by the classic @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) and 30 out of them were also tested by a dynamic semi-quantitative assay using commercial UHT milk as culture medium (Milk Flow Culture, MFC) or Tryptic Soy Broth as control medium (TS Flow Culture, TSFC). Only 6 (20%) strains formed biofilm in milk under flow conditions, while 36.6% were considered biofilm-producers in @entity3145 , and 93.3% produced biofilm in TSFC. No agreement was found between @entity3145 , MFC and TSFC results. The association between strain genetic profile, determined by microarray, and biofilm-forming ability in milk was evaluated. Biofilm formation in MFC was significantly associated with the presence of those genes commonly found in @entity291 -associated strains, assigned to clonal complexes typically detected in @entity1271 . Based on our results, biofilm-forming potential of @entity291 strains should be critically analysed and tested applying conditions similar to mammary environment.

title: Evaluation of biofilm formation using milk in a flow cell model and microarray characterization of XXXX strains from @entity291 @entity1271 .

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue culture plate assay', 'TCP']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Bone defect reconstruction in the maxillofacial area comes as a necessity after traumatic, oncological or congenital pathology. Custom made implant manufacturing, such as selective laser melting (SLM), is very helpful when bone reconstruction is needed. In the present study we assessed the osseointegration of custom made implants made of @entity3757 with two different coatings: @entity3758 - @entity3759 and @entity692 , by comparing the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measured on micro-CT and the histological mineralized bone surrounding the implants. METHODS: Custom made - cylindrical type - implants were produced by selective laser melting, coated with @entity3758 - @entity3759 and @entity692 and implanted in the @entity95 femur. The animals (divided into 3 groups) were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 months and the implants were removed together with the surrounding bone. Bone mineral density and histological examination of the bone-implant surface was performed for each group. RESULTS: @entity79 and histological examination of the samples determined the quantity of mineralized bone at the implant site, showing a good percentage of mineralized bone for the coated implants at 1, 3 and 6 months. The measurements for the implants without coating showed a significant lower quantity of mineralized bone at 3 months compared with the implants with coating, and a good quantity of mineralized bone at 6 months, showing a process of @entity3760 followed by remineralization in the last month. The measurements of @entity79 showed similar results with the histological examination. CONCLUSIONS: The use of micro-CT and the measurement of @entity79 are a reliable, minimally invasive and a quick method of osseointegration assessment.

title: Micro-CT and histological analysis of @entity3757 custom made implants with @entity692 and @entity3758 - XXXX coatings in a @entity95 model.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity3760 :: ('MESH:D017001', 'Disease') :: ['demineralization']

answer: @entity3759 :: (CHEBI:32234,Chemical) :: ['TiO2']


abstract: Lung biopsy remains an important investigation in the diagnosis of diffuse @entity401 despite improved diagnostic yield of high resolution computed tomography scanning. We describe 19 pulmonary wedge biopsies (13 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) performed using videothoracoscopic technique. The median age of the @entity1 was 56 years (range 32-72 years). All our @entity1 were suspected to have diffuse @entity401 and were referred for lung biopsy to obtain a histological diagnosis. Thoracoscopic wedge excisions were accomplished under general anaesthesia using high frequency jet ventilation and a percutaneous stapling device. A tissue diagnosis was obtained in all @entity1 : 8 had cryptogenic fibrosing @entity3794 , 3 had @entity3794 , 2 had @entity2415 , 2 had @entity7448 , 2 had @entity370 , 1 had non-specific @entity32 , and 1 had @entity358 . There were no operative deaths. There was one failure resulting in conversion to an open procedure. There were three complications: two air leaks and one effusion. Median postoperative hospital stay was 2 days (range 2-7 days). We conclude that videothoracoscopic wedge biopsy is a safe and effective procedure and should be recommended in @entity1 who require a histological diagnosis of diffuse @entity401 .

title: Video-thoracoscopic lung biopsy in diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['alveolitis', 'interstitial pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity7448 :: ('MESH:D000542', 'Disease') :: ['extrinsic allergic alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary haemosiderosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of the cancellous granule-type @entity78 cement in repair @entity79 . METHODS: Between July 2008 and July 2009, 35 @entity1 (42 limbs) with @entity174 , nonunion, and @entity3478 were treated with cancellous granule-type @entity78 cement. There were 32 males and 3 females, with an age range from 9 to 73 years (median, 41 years), including 24 limb @entity174 (19 cases), 4 osteotomy for @entity85 and radius (2 cases), 2 femur intertrochanteric bony cysts (2 cases), 3 @entity83 (3 cases), 5 @entity79 at donor ilium (5 cases), 3 nonunion (3 cases), and 1 @entity2649 (1 case). The size of @entity79 was 1-5 cm. Bone defect was repaired with cancellous granule-type @entity78 cement (1-5 g). RESULTS: All cases were followed up 8-23 months (13.7 months on average). Thirty-nine incisions (32 cases) healed by first intention and the suture was removed after 10-14 days. Incision dehiscence occurred in 2 cases, and wounds healed after second debridement and removal of artificial bone. Exudation of incision occurred in 1 case, and wound healed after symptomatic treatment. No local red swelling, higher temperature, maculopapular, and @entity1066 of skin occurred at implantation site. X-ray films showed that bone graft fusion was achieved and @entity79 was radically repaired at 6 months after operation and artificial bone was absorbed completely at 12 months. CONCLUSION: Cancellous granule-type @entity78 cement can be used as a new graft bone material, which is suitable for defect filling after @entity174 , @entity3478 , and iliac bone donor.

title: [Preliminary clinical application of cancellous granule-type XXXX cement].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'traumatic fracture']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['benign bone tumor', 'benign bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['enchondroma']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of ulna']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) after @entity11375 ( @entity11375 ) can be caused by postoperative retropharyngeal @entity1410 , which requires urgent recognition and treatment. However, the causes, evaluation, and appropriate treatment of this complication are not clearly defined. The purpose of this retrospective review of a prospective database was to investigate etiologic factors related to the development of @entity1224 due to @entity86 after @entity11375 and formulate appropriate prevention and treatment guidelines. METHODS: Cervical spinal cases treated at our academic institutions from 1998 to 2013 were evaluated. Demographic data, including factors related to @entity548 tendency, and operative data were analyzed. @entity1 who developed a @entity1410 were compared with those who did not to identify risk factors. Cases complicated by @entity1410 were reviewed, and times until development of @entity1410 and surgical evacuation were determined. Degrees of airway compromise and @entity1 behavior were classified and evaluated. Treatment was selected according to the @entity1 's status. RESULTS: Among 785 @entity11375 procedures performed, there were nine cases (1.15%) of @entity1224 . None of these nine @entity1 had preoperative risk factors. In six @entity1 (67%), the @entity1410 occurred within 24  h, whereas three @entity1 (33%) presented with @entity1410 at a median of 72  h postoperatively. Four of the nine @entity1 with @entity1224 underwent evacuation of the @entity1410 . Two @entity1 with inspiratory stridor, anterior neck swelling, and facial @entity4 progressed to respiratory distress and their @entity1410 were removed by surgery, during which, sustained superficial @entity548 was confirmed. Intubation was attempted several times in one @entity1 with @entity848 , but is unsuccessful; cricothyroidotomy was performed in this @entity1 and pumping in the small muscular arterial branches was confirmed in the operating room. All of the @entity1 recovered without any complications. CONCLUSIONS: With rapid recognition and appropriate treatment, there were no long-term complications caused by @entity86 . There were no specific preoperative risk factors for @entity1410 . Systematic evaluation and appropriate management can be helpful for preventing serious complications after development of a @entity86 .

title: XXXX due to postoperative retropharyngeal @entity1410 after @entity11375 : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'venous bleeding']

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['anterior cervical fusion', 'ACF']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['AAO', 'Acute airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['Acute airway obstruction']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity2792 caused by @entity8 received treatment during the past 10 years. At presentation nine were asymptomatic, four had @entity10 , and one had @entity1415 ; three @entity1 had @entity448 and @entity177 to thrive. Routine intravenous pyelogram and radionuclide renal scan findings were abnormal in 29% and 31% of @entity1 , respectively. Arteriography showed a branch @entity2791 in seven @entity1 and a main @entity455 in 10. A renal vein @entity916 ratio of greater than or equal to 1.5 between the affected and the contralateral kidney was obtained in 10 of 17 @entity1 . Of 16 @entity1 available for follow-up, 15 are normotensive after a mean follow-up of 3.7 years. Cure was achieved by partial nephrectomy and ligation of a stenosed vessel in two and nephrectomy in five (three having undergone an unsuccessful angioplasty procedure). Autotransplantation or angioplasty was curative in a further six. @entity661 was attempted in seven @entity1 but was successful in only two with main @entity2791 . With preservation of renal parenchyma as the main goal, medical and surgical therapy can be individualized for each @entity1 .

title: XXXX in childhood: a changing perspective in management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic renal artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery lesion']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenoses', 'artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Transluminal balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['Renovascular hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of activities of daily living (ADL) @entity734 and medical conditions and the relationship between illnesses and ADL performance in the older population of Shanghai, China. DESIGN: Probability sample survey of community residents. SETTING: The Jing An district of Shanghai, China. The interviews were carried out at the homes of the older @entity1 . @entity1 : There were 3763 noninstitutionalized elders screened, 3745 of whom completed the interview. MEASUREMENTS: The dependent variables were the five basic ADL items: eating, dressing, transferring, toileting, and bathing. The independent variables were @entity303 and 19 self-reported medical conditions, along with age, gender and education level. MAIN RESULTS: Of those in Shanghai aged 65 and older, 8.28% (6.52% of males, 9.17% of females) were functionally dependent in one or more ADLs. The most prevalent self-reported illness was @entity65 , including @entity101 (29.12%) and @entity299 (26.65%). ADL performance was associated with @entity303 and a number of medical conditions in univariate analysis. The best predictors of functional @entity734 in both age groups (65-74 years; 75 years and older), based on the multiple logistic regression analysis and after controlling for age, gender, and education, were @entity64 , @entity303 , @entity191 , @entity6 , and @entity2415 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors have successfully applied five ADL items selected and culturally adapted from Older Americans Resources and Services to the study of older Chinese. A consistent and reliable estimate of functional @entity734 among older @entity1 is obtained. The prevalence of @entity303 and many self-reported illness, as well as the ADL status by medical condition, are reported. The findings reveal certain patterns of relationship between illness conditions and ADL performance.

title: ADL @entity734 and medical conditions in Chinese older XXXX : a population-based survey in Shanghai, China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of complex regional @entity158 ( @entity6866 I) is based on clinical observation of symptoms. As little information is available on the reliability of @entity6866 I diagnosis, we evaluated the agreement between therapists with regard to the presence and severity of @entity6866 I and its symptoms. METHODS: The interrater reliability was evaluated in 37 presumed @entity6866 I @entity1 by three observers; one consultant anesthesiologist and two resident anesthesiologists. @entity1 were assessed on the basis of Veldman's @entity6866 criteria. RESULTS: The interrater reliability for diagnosing @entity6866 I was good for the majority of observer combinations. The percentage of agreement for the absence or presence of @entity6866 I was good (88%-100%). Cohen's Kappa's ranged from 0.60 to 0.86. The agreement for the mean symptom score ranged from 70.2% to 88.6%; Kappa's were lower and showed more variation. Interrater reliability for assessment of the severity of @entity6866 I and its symptoms was poor. Factors influencing the interrater reliability were symptom type, individual observers and sample population. CONCLUSION: Diagnosing @entity6866 I can be performed on the basis of clinical observation. Further assessment of severity of @entity6866 I and its symptoms should be performed with reliable and valid measurement instruments.

title: Interrater reliability of diagnosing complex regional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain syndrome type I']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain syndrome type I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although total knee replacement (TKR) has been proven a very successful treatment modality for the end-stage @entity626 ( @entity571 ) in @entity28 @entity1 , the rehabilitation period often is long and @entity158 . Minimal invasive surgery (MIS) has gained much attention in TKR promising fast and less @entity158 recovery. However, little is known about the effectiveness of the technique in the @entity28 adult population. METHODS: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with body mass index (BMI)   >   30 kg/m(2) and tricompartmental knee @entity571 were randomly assigned to undergo either standard TKR (50 @entity1 ) or MIS-TKR (50 @entity1 ). The @entity1 were assessed clinically and radiologically before the procedure and at subsequent postoperative follow-up visits, until 2 years after the operation. RESULTS: Knee society function and @entity158 scores were significantly higher in MIS group for 3 months following surgery. @entity1 after MIS had also lower levels of @entity158 during hospitalization. Tourniquet time was on average 7 min longer during MIS-TKR (p   =   0.03) but operative time was almost equal in both groups (p   =   0.11). No statistical significant difference was found between groups regarding the amount of @entity190 (p   =   0.49) or incidence of allogeneic blood transfusion (p   =   0.27). Active straight leg raising was achieved 2.2 days earlier, on average, after MIS-TKR (p   <   0.001). No severe @entity532 or residual coronal and sagittal imbalance were identified. Component alignment was in normal limits and similar in both groups. In MIS group, higher BMI did not have a negative predictive effect on knee @entity158 and function. CONCLUSIONS: MIS is a reliable and safe option in @entity28 @entity1 undergoing TKR regardless the level of BMI. It is associated with improved early clinical outcome without sacrificing radiographic positioning of the implants.

title: Is XXXX a contraindication for minimal invasive total knee replacement? A prospective randomized control trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: We report herein a feasibility study of a minimally invasive endovascular femoropopliteal bypass procedure. The steps include the following: (1) a small groin incision to expose the femoral artery, (2) guidewire passage and mechanical dilatation of the diseased superficial femoral artery, (3) semiclosed endarterectomy of the superficial femoral artery using an expandable metal endarterectomy catheter that engages @entity1856 , (4) placement of a 6 mm thin-walled PTFE graft, (5) balloon dilatation of the graft to press the graft flat against the arterial wall, and (6) a standard end-to-end @entity254 of the proximal graft to the femoral artery. This technique was tested in 13 limbs from eight fresh (stored 1 to 5 days at 4 degrees C) @entity1 cadavers (seven females and one male). Five limbs had stenotic superficial femoral artery lesions, 1 to 15 cm (mean 7.6 cm). Four limbs had occlusive lesions, 9 to 38 cm long (mean 26.8 cm). Four limbs had no disease. We successfully completed the procedure in 10 of 13 limbs. Completion arteriography showed a widely patent graft and a popliteal artery with a smooth distal graft/arterial interface in 9 of 10 limbs; one had a distal graft fold due to a size mismatch. Histologic studies of the superficial femoral artery revealed intima, @entity1856 , and media. We failed to complete our procedure in three limbs: two because of inadequate instruments and one because of perforation of the artery. We also performed the same procedure unilaterally in six @entity235 , except that no endarterectomy was performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Endovascular femoropopliteal bypass: early XXXX cadaver and animal studies.

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheroma', 'atheromatous plaque']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To determine changes in global and regional left ventricular function following acute myocardial function, 17 @entity1 underwent radionuclide angiography at 3 and 10 days post @entity1188 . Five @entity1 had nontransmural @entity583 and 12 had transmural @entity1188 (six anterior and six inferior). There were no previous @entity1188 in 16 (94%) @entity1 . Regional ejection fractions were calculated by dividing the left ventricle into four quadrants using the geometric center of the left ventricle on the end-diastolic frame as a reference point. At 3 days post @entity1188 , 8 of 17 (47%) @entity1 had an abnormality of global left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), whereas 16 of 17 (94%) @entity1 had abnormalities of one or more regional ejection fractions (p less than 0.01). Between 3 and 10 days, global LVEF did not change (51% to 49%, p = NS). However, there were significant changes in 23 of 68 (34%) regional LVEFs. These changes did not relate to type, ECG location, @entity908 kinase (CK) size of @entity1188 , or initial global LVEF. These data suggest that regional LVEF is a sensitive technique for identifying @entity4148 associated with @entity583 . In addition, significant changes occur in regional LV function during acute @entity583 despite stable serial global LV performance.

title: Radionuclide assessment of regional left ventricular function in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['segmental dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated @entity146 in @entity1 who were prenatally exposed to @entity888 (MA) at ages 3 and 5 years. METHODS: The @entity1 Development, Environment, and Lifestyle study, a prospective, longitudinal study of prenatal MA exposure and @entity1 outcome, enrolled subjects postpartum in Los Angeles, California; Honolulu, Hawaii; Des Moines, Iowa; and Tulsa, Oklahoma. Prenatal exposure was determined by maternal self-report and/or meconium results. Exposed and comparison groups were matched on race, birth weight, public health insurance, and education. Mothers in the comparison group denied use and had a negative meconium screen for @entity889 . Prenatal exposures to @entity286 , @entity167 , or @entity835 occurred in both groups. At ages 3 and 5 years, 330 @entity1 (166 exposed and 164 comparison) were assessed for @entity146 by using the caregiver report on the @entity1 Behavior Checklist. General linear mixed models were used to determine the effects of prenatal MA exposure, including heavy exposure (>= 3 days per week), age, and the interaction of exposure and age on @entity146 with adjustment for other drugs of abuse and environmental risk factors. RESULTS: MA exposure was associated with increased emotional reactivity and anxious/ @entity308 problems at both ages and externalizing and @entity71 problems by age 5 years. Heavy exposure was related to attention problems and withdrawn behavior at both ages. There were no effects of MA on the internalizing or total @entity146 scales. CONCLUSIONS: This first report of @entity146 in @entity1 as young as 3 years associated with MA exposure identifies an important public health problem. Continued follow-up can inform the development of preventive intervention programs.

title: Prenatal @entity888 exposure and XXXX at 3 and 5 years of age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Infant', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior problems']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['marijuana']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['childhood behavior problems']


abstract: A clinical and neuropathological study of a case of @entity2173 with severe @entity16 was performed. The @entity1 developed sensitivity to the sun, followed by freckles and malignant @entity1489 . Some years after the onset of the cutaneous symptoms, a slowly progressive @entity1032 was noted. Subsequently, @entity4653 , increased sensitivity and a tendency to cry and to be easily frightened developed together with @entity2055 and @entity508 of the limbs. Late in the course of the disease the @entity1 was severely disabled because of @entity1688 . The clinical examination revealed generalized slowing in EEG, mixed @entity1897 in EMG, thick skull, both cerebral @entity194 and @entity2554 in computed tomography and marked decrease in cerebrospinal @entity4926 content. The neuropathological study showed marked loss of neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert, the substantia nigra, the cerebellum, medulla and spinal cord. @entity528 was noted in the cerebral cortex and in the deep cerebral nuclei. In the nerve cells, a high amount of cytoplasmic lipofuscin was observed in some areas of CNS. The sciatic nerve showed marked loss of axons and heavy deposition of collagen around the remaining nerve fibers. The present neuropathological findings explain many of the clinical symptoms observed in @entity2173 and show similarities with those observed in olivopontocerebellar atrophy, although the basic mechanism for the @entity16 is still unclear.

title: XXXX with @entity16 . A clinical and neuropathological study.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['spastic tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['CNS damage', 'neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse loss of neurons']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity2173 :: (MESH:D014983,Disease) :: ['Xeroderma pigmentosum']


abstract: The history of a 6-year-old @entity1 with a @entity5 originating from thoracic spine and finally becoming resistant to surgery, radio-, and chemotherapy is reported. @entity5 -biopsy material was studied by light and electron microscopy, in cell culture, by acetylcholinesterase ultracytochemistry, and by quantitative @entity2922 analysis and this led to the rejection of the initial diagnosis of a @entity521 . Light microscopy revealed a uniform population of undifferentiated cells incompletely lobulated by broad fibrovascular septa. Using the electron microscope, cells were characterized by large intracellular pools of glycogen, little cytoplasm with an abundance of free ribosomes and a paucity of organelles. A few cells displayed desmosome-like attachment sites. Staining for specific and unspecific acetylcholinesterase was negative with light and electron microscopy, as were the results of @entity2922 histofluorescence using the @entity11571 method. The latter result was confirmed by the negative outcome of quantitative analyses of @entity935 , @entity1063 , and adrenaline with high pressure liquid chromatography nd electrochemical detection in tissue samples. @entity5 cells could easily be maintained in culture for up to 4 weeks. None of a variety of treatments that are known to favor expression of neuronal characteristics in @entity521 cells (serum withdrawal, nerve growth factor, @entity5393 , @entity619 ) induced morphological differentiation in cultured @entity5 cells. On the basis of the clinical history, morphology, and of our experiments with @entity5 cells, the diagnosis of a so-called extraskeletal @entity2828 is most likely. Our results strengthen the view that a cell biology approach may be valuable in @entity521 differential diagnosis.

title: Ultrastructural, biochemical, and cell-culture studies of a presumed extraskeletal @entity2828 with special reference to differential diagnosis from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']