abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity43 is a life  -threatening disease in females worldwide. The polarization of macrophages is crucial in oncogenesis and the development of @entity43 . Increasing evidence has supported the correlation between @entity43 stem  -like cells (OCSCs) and macrophages, however, whether OCSCs can affect the polarization of macrophages and the underlying mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. To examine the interplay between OCSCs and macrophages, a co  -culture system was used to detect the effect of OCSCs on macrophage polarization. The expression of cluster of differentiation  206+ and the secretion of @entity688 were significantly increased and the production of @entity5 @entity39 factor  -a was suppressed, confirming macrophage polarization to M2  macrophages. Further investigation of the macrophages in a Transwell culture system with OCSCs revealed polarization to the M2  macrophages to a similar extent, indicating that the cytokines of the OCSCs, rather than direct cell  -cell contact, are important for the polarization of M2  macrophages. Furthermore, the expression levels of chemokine (C  -C motif) ligand  (CCL)2, cyclooxygenase (COX)  -2 and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) were increased in the Transwell system and the inhibition of @entity2247 , but not CCL2, significantly decreased the polarization of the M2 macrophages. In addition, mechanistic analysis revealed the importance of the @entity2247 / @entity1421 pathway in OCSCs to activate Janus kinase (JAK) signaling in macrophages to elicit M2  polarization. These findings provided the first evidence, to the best of our knowledge, that OCSCs are capable of altering macrophages into the M2 phenotype via the overexpression of @entity2247 and the increased production of @entity1421  cytokines and that the JAK signaling pathway in macrophages is important for this alteration. The present study provided evidence supporting possible molecular targets for @entity5 treatment.

title: XXXX stem-like cells elicit the polarization of M2 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian cancer']


abstract: Although neuroprotection is effective only against certain aspects of a complex cascade of pathological events during the development and course of @entity302 , it might be a promising option in the treatment of this disease. Some new data on the pathophysiology of @entity302 raised some hopes that the epileptogenesis process can be prevented. A question arises whether it is possible to make the @entity302 develop in a milder, easier to treat and non-progressive way without @entity73 and drug-resistance. Moreover, once the @entity302 has already been triggered, there is as yet no conclusive evidence that the harmful effects of @entity410 on the brain can be reduced. So a great deal of further evaluation of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) is required. Many similarities exist between @entity2806 and @entity302 regarding brain-damaging and autoprotective mechanisms that are activated following the injurious insult. Therefore, drugs that are effective in minimizing @entity410 -induced @entity75 may also be useful in minimizing @entity63 . Most @entity734 have been tested in animal models of focal or global @entity63 and some were already tested in @entity1 for a possible neuroprotective effect. The existing data are rather scanty and insufficient but it appears that only drugs that have multiple mechanisms of action have some potential in conferring a degree of neuroprotection that could be clinically applicable to @entity64 @entity1 . In this review, we focus on evidence of neuroprotective properties of novel and potential @entity734 , based on animal experimental models of @entity179 . In conclusion, some of the newer @entity734 show promise as possible neuroprotectants in @entity302 and @entity63 but more studies are needed before clinical trials in @entity1 could be undertaken.

title: Profile of anticonvulsant activity and neuroprotective effects of novel and potential XXXX --an update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'acute ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['antiepileptic drugs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although bone repair is a relatively efficient process, a significant portion of @entity1 fail to heal their @entity174 . Because adequate blood supply is essential to osteogenesis, the authors hypothesize that augmenting @entity2295 by increasing the number of circulating progenitor cells will improve bony healing. METHODS: Bilateral full-thickness defects were created in the parietal bones of C57 wild-type @entity19 . Intraperitoneal @entity9019 (n = 33) or sterile saline (n = 33) was administered daily beginning on postoperative day 3 and continuing through day 18. Circulating progenitor cell number was quantified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Bone regeneration was assessed with micro-computed tomography. Immunofluorescent @entity5231 and osteocalcin staining was performed to assess for vascularity and osteoblast density. RESULTS: @entity9019 treatment increased circulating progenitor cell levels and significantly improved bone regeneration. Calvarial defects of @entity9019 -treated @entity19 demonstrated increased vascularity and osteoblast density. CONCLUSIONS: Improved bone regeneration in this model was associated with elevated circulating progenitor cell number and subsequently improved @entity2295 and osteogenesis. These findings highlight the importance of circulating progenitor cells in bone healing and may provide a novel therapy for bone regeneration.

title: Progenitor cell mobilization enhances bone healing by means of improved XXXX and osteogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

answer: @entity2295 :: (MESH:D015861,Disease) :: ['neovascularization']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 cell interactions with the microenvironment, especially those of bone-marrow-derived myeloid cells, are important in various aspects of @entity5 @entity3 . Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been suggested to constitute @entity5 -favoring microenvironments. In this study, we elucidated a novel mechanism by which the MDSCs can mediate spontaneous distant @entity3 of @entity0 cells. METHODS: @entity19 @entity0 cells, 4T1 and EMT6, were orthotopically grafted into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic BALB/c @entity19 . @entity3804 (+)Gr-1(+) MDSCs in the spleen, liver, lung and @entity5 mass were analyzed. To evaluate the role of MDSCs in the distant @entity3 , MDSCs were depleted or reconstituted in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . To evaluate whether MDSCs in the metastasizing @entity5 microenvironment affect @entity0 cell behavior, MDSCs and @entity5 cells were co-cultivated. To investigate the role of MDSCs in in vivo @entity3 , we blocked the interactions between MDSCs and @entity5 cells. RESULTS: Using a @entity19 @entity0 cell model, we showed that @entity19 @entity0 cells with high @entity777 expression recruited more MDSCs and that the metastasizing capacity of @entity5 cells paralleled MDSC recruitment in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . @entity3 , but not non-metastasizing, @entity5 -derived factors induced MDSCs to increase @entity777 production and full activation of recruited MDSCs occurred in the @entity5 site and metastatic organ in the vicinity of metastasizing @entity5 cells, but not in lymphoid organs. In addition, @entity5 -expanded MDSCs expressed Adam-family proteases, which facilitated shedding of @entity777 receptor, thereby contributing to @entity0 cell invasiveness and distant @entity3 through @entity777 trans-signaling. The critical role of @entity777 trans-signaling was confirmed in both the afferent and efferent pathways of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: In this study, we showed that metastasizing @entity5 cells induced higher MDSCs infiltration and prompted them to secret exaggerated @entity777 as well as soluble @entity14168 , which, in turn, triggered a persistent increase of pSTAT3 in @entity5 cells. This @entity5 involving @entity777 trans-signaling directly affected @entity0 cell @entity146 , leading to spontaneous @entity3 .

title: A mutual activation loop between XXXX cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells facilitates spontaneous @entity3 through @entity777 trans-signaling in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'potential tumor-MDSC axis', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasizing']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This multinational, multicentre study represents the introduction of recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) in Europe. From December 1987 to June 1989, 57 eligible @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 were treated with @entity5041 administered as continuous intravenous infusion. 8 out of 51 evaluable @entity1 responded (16%), 2 complete remission (CR) and 6 partial remission (PR). 10 @entity1 had no change (20%). The response duration for CR was 209 and 394+ days. The median response duration for PR was 371 (range 140-506+) days. Dose-limiting grade 3-4 @entity137 were @entity551 in 52% of the @entity1 , @entity943 (4%), dyspnoea (8%), @entity1011 rise (4%), peripheral @entity2359 (10%) and central @entity2359 (10%). @entity137 most often recovered solely on interrupted therapy. 2 @entity1 died due to catheter-related @entity295 and one @entity1 died of @entity5041 induced @entity177 . The study confirmed the antitumour efficacy of @entity5041 in @entity1358 . @entity137 were numerous, but manageable by close observation in a normal oncology ward without routine use of an intensive care unit.

title: Recombinant @entity1199 in metastatic XXXX --a European multicentre phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity137 of concurrent systemic @entity2600 and hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of @entity10049 (FUDR) and @entity619 in @entity1 with unresectable hepatic metastases from @entity14 , to determine the safety of this combination in @entity1 who have undergone cryosurgery, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic effects of HAI FUDR on the metabolism of @entity2600 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-six previously treated @entity1 with unresectable liver metastases and no known @entity6687 were treated concurrently with intravenous @entity2600 weekly for 3 weeks and with HAI of FUDR and @entity619 for 14 days (both were recycled in 28 days). Parallel cohorts of @entity1 treated with or without cryosurgery were entered at escalating dose levels. RESULTS: The MTD for @entity1 who did not undergo cryosurgery was 100 mg/m2 of @entity2600 weekly for 3 weeks every 4 weeks with concurrent HAI FUDR (0.16 mg/kg/d x pump volume/flow rate) plus @entity619 for 14 days of a 28-day cycle. The dose-limiting @entity137 were @entity294 and @entity1398 . The response rate (complete and partial) among all @entity1 who did not undergo cryosurgery was 74%. All @entity1 in the cryosurgery group responded, and seven of the eight cryosurgery @entity1 developed normal positron emission tomography scans after chemotherapy. HAI FUDR had no effect on the metabolism of @entity2600 . CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with HAI FUDR and @entity619 plus systemic @entity2600 may be safely administered to @entity1 with unresectable hepatic metastases from @entity14 . The MTD has been reached for @entity1 with unresectable disease, and we continue to investigate the MTD for @entity1 who have undergone cryosurgery. Although the main objective of this study was to evaluate the @entity137 of the combined regimen, a high response rate (74%) was observed.

title: Phase I study of hepatic arterial infusion of XXXX and @entity619 with systemic @entity2600 for unresectable hepatic metastases from @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic disease']

answer: @entity10049 :: (MESH:D005467,Chemical) :: ['floxuridine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Some studies suggest that also regarding the @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI) >= 35  kg/m(2) the minimally invasive approach to hysterectomy is superior. However, current practice and research on the preference of gynaecologists still show that the rate of @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) increases as the BMI increases. A systematic review with cumulative analysis of comparative studies was performed to evaluate the outcomes of @entity1661 , laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) and @entity28 and morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (BMI >= 35  kg/m(2)). METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE were searched for records on @entity1661 , LH and VH for benign indications or (early stage) malignancy through October 2014. Included studies were graded on level of evidence. Studies with a comparative design were pooled in a cumulative analysis. RESULTS: Two randomized controlled trials, seven prospective studies and 14 retrospective studies were included (2232 @entity1 ; 1058 AHs, 959 LHs, and 215 VHs). The cumulative analysis identified that, compared to LH, @entity1661 was associated with more wound dehiscence [ @entity16071 .58, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.71-3.90; P  =  0.000], more @entity2737 (RR 4.36, 95  % CI 2.79-6.80; P  =  0.000), and longer hospital admission (mean difference 2.9  days, 95  % CI 1.96-3.74; P  =  0.000). The pooled conversion rate was 10.6  %. Compared to @entity1661 , VH was associated with similar advantages as LH. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to @entity1661 , both LH and VH are associated with fewer @entity260 and shorter length of hospital stay. Therefore, the feasibility of LH and VH should be considered prior the abdominal approach to @entity28 and morbidly @entity28 @entity1 .

title: @entity28 and morbidly XXXX @entity1 : a systematic review with cumulative analysis of comparative studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal hysterectomy (VH) in very obese', 'obese', 'hysterectomy in very obese']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal hysterectomy', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The @entity16799 virus (RadLV) is a @entity1778 retrovirus that induces @entity6732 in C57BL/6 @entity19 after a latency of 3 to 6 months. During the pre-leukemic (PL) period, the number of thymic macrophages gradually increased up to 100 fold. Of the cells in a RadLV-induced @entity706 , 0.3% were large macrophages packed with @entity706 cells. These @entity6732 macrophages (TLM) also ingested RadLV-induced @entity706 cells in vitro. Cultured RadLV-induced @entity706 lines could activate and fix C3 fragments through the alternative complement pathway (ACP). C3-bound @entity706 cells elicited an oxidative burst (OB) response in TLM but not in bone-marrow macrophages (BMM). However, @entity58 treatment of BMM rendered them capable of responding with an OB following triggering by C3-opsonized cells. Thymic macrophages (TM) responded moderately with OB to C3-opsonized cells and this response was elevated if the TMs were treated by @entity12718 . The OB reaction of the TLMs could be partially inhibited by anti-LFA-I or anti- @entity8024 antibodies, and was completely inhibited by anti- @entity3804 antibodies. These results suggest that @entity58 can prime macrophages for triggering an OB reaction and that the interaction between C3-opsonized cells and @entity58 -primed macrophages is mediated primarily through @entity3804 .

title: XXXX virus (RadLV)-induced leukemogenesis is associated with an increased number and activity of thymic macrophages.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'infected lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['chronic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic lymphoma', 'thymic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity16799 :: ('MESH:D007953', 'Disease') :: ['radiation leukemia']

answer: @entity16799 :: (MESH:D007953,Disease) :: ['Radiation leukemia']


abstract: Sounds originating from within the inner ear, known as @entity392 ( @entity392 ), are widely exploited in clinical practice but the mechanisms underlying their generation are not entirely clear. Here we present simulation results and theoretical considerations based on a hydrodynamic model of the @entity1 inner ear. Simulations show that, if the cochlear amplifier (CA) gain is a smooth function of position within the active cochlea, filtering performed by a middle ear with an irregular, i.e., nonsmooth, forward transfer function suffices to produce irregular and long-lasting residual oscillations of cochlear basilar membrane (BM) at selected frequencies. Feeding back to the middle ear through hydrodynamic coupling afforded by the cochlear fluid, these oscillations are detected as transient evoked @entity392 in the ear canal. If, in addition, the @entity1017 profile is affected by irregularities, residual BM oscillations are even more irregular and tend to evolve towards self-sustaining oscillations at the loci of gain irregularities. Correspondingly, the spectrum of transient evoked @entity392 exhibits sharp peaks. If both the @entity1017 and the middle-ear forward transfer function are smooth, residual BM oscillations have regular waveforms and extinguish rapidly. In this case no emissions are produced. Finally, and @entity2121 albeit consistent with observations, simulating localized damage to the CA results in self-sustaining BM oscillations at the characteristic frequencies (CFs) of the sites adjacent to the damage region, accompanied by generation of spontaneous @entity392 . Under these conditions, stimulus-frequency @entity392 , with typical modulation patterns, are also observed for inputs near hearing threshold. This approach can be exploited to provide novel diagnostic tools and a better understanding of key phenomena relevant for hearing science.

title: Otoacoustic emissions from residual oscillations of the cochlear basilar membrane in a XXXX ear model.

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['otoacoustic emissions', 'OAEs']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxically']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity272 is a common side effect of @entity0 radiation therapy. Although physicians often observe @entity137 , quantifying its severity remains a challenge. We present a novel quantitative ultrasonic technique to evaluate skin changes associated with radiotherapy. An in vivo study with twelve @entity0 @entity1 was conducted. All @entity1 received a standard course of post-surgery radiation therapy. Each @entity1 received ultrasound scans to the irradiated breast and the untreated (contra-lateral) breast. Radio-frequency (RF) backscatter signals and B-mode images were acquired simultaneously. To quantify the severity of @entity272 , two metrics were calculated from the RF signals: skin thickness and Pearson correlation coefficient of the subcutaneous layer. Comparing to the non-irradiated skin, the average thickness of the irradiated skin increased by 40% (p=0.005) and the average correlation coefficient of the irradiated hypodermis decreased by 35% (p=0.02). This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a non-invasive ultrasonic technique to detect and quantify radiation-induced skin changes.

title: Measurements of Radiation-Induced Skin Changes in XXXX Radiation Therapy Using Ultrasonic Imaging.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast-cancer']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin injury', 'Skin injury']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast-Cancer']


abstract: Germ-free (GF) animals lack a colonic microflora like that seen in conventional (CV) animals. Bacterial presence plays a role in the development of glycoproteins in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; the absence of a microbiota has been seen to suppress the production of certain glycoproteins and glycolipids. Binding patterns of lectins are modified when glycoprotein structures are altered (e.g., during development or disease). Little information on lectin binding patterns in mature GF animals is available. We examined the binding of free and @entity5347 ( @entity5348 ) copolymer-conjugated @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-labeled @entity3505 germ agglutinin (WGA) [P( @entity5348 )-(WGA- @entity2823 )] and @entity2823 -labeled peanut agglutinin (PNA) [P( @entity5348 )-(PNA- @entity2823 )] in CV and GF @entity19 colon with and without neuraminidase pretreatment. Anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen (a development and disease-related glycoprotein) antibody binding was also examined in these tissues. Subtle differences were seen in the binding patterns between CV and GF animals. CV animals showed strong P( @entity5348 )-(WGA- @entity2823 ) binding in goblet cells, but minimal P( @entity5348 )-(PNA- @entity2823 ) binding was visible. In GF animals, luminal surface binding of P( @entity5348 )-(WGA- @entity2823 ) was visible, and goblet cell binding of P( @entity5348 )-(PNA- @entity2823 ) was seen. These subtle changes suggest that altered glycoprotein expression occurred under GF conditions.

title: The influence of a colonic microbiota on XXXX copolymer lectin conjugates binding in rodent intestine.

entities_list: @entity5347 :: ('MESH:C032976', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity5348 :: (MESH:C032802,Chemical) :: ['HPMA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity418 rarely metastasizes to the brain. The objectives of the current study were to assess the frequency of brain @entity3 from an esophageal primary @entity5 , to determine correlates of survival, and to describe treatment modalities and their outcomes. METHODS: Between June, 1993 and July, 2001, 1588 @entity1 with a primary @entity418 registered at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center; of those, 27 @entity1 (1.7%) had a diagnosis of brain @entity3 . The authors collected demographic and clinical data and performed a statistical analysis. RESULTS: The median age at the time @entity1 were diagnosed with brain @entity3 was 62 years. @entity5 histologies were @entity420 in 22 @entity1 (82%), unclassified @entity189 in 3 @entity1 (11%), and @entity957 in 2 @entity1 (7%). Twenty @entity1 (74%) experienced symptoms related to the brain @entity3 . The @entity3 were treated with whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone in 15 @entity1 (56%), and 10 @entity1 (37%) underwent surgical resection, 4 of whom (15%) also received WBRT. Two @entity1 (7%) underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. The median survival for the entire cohort after diagnosis of the primary @entity5 was 12.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17-22.5 months), and the median survival after the diagnosis of brain @entity3 was 3.8 months (95% CI, 1.1-6.5 months). The longest median survival observed after the diagnosis of brain @entity3 (9.6 months) occurred in @entity1 with a single @entity75 who underwent resection and received WBRT. There was a trend toward worse survival in @entity1 with liver @entity3 and @entity1 in recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) Class II-III versus RPA Class I (P = 0.10 for both; multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 2% of @entity1 with @entity418 had a diagnosis of brain @entity3 . Improved outcome was associated with single @entity75 in @entity1 who underwent surgery and received WBRT. Known liver @entity3 and higher RPA scores were associated with a poorer survival trend.

title: @entity3 of XXXX to the brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions', 'brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal carcinoma', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Image quality (IQ) of PET in voluminous body regions can be limited, which impairs the assessment of small metastatic lesions. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) reconstruction algorithm may deliver an increase of spatial resolution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of @entity1054 on IQ, lesion detection rate, lesion volume (V) and SUVmax in F @entity1877 PET/CT of @entity263 @entity1 with biochemical recurrence compared to standard PET/CT reconstruction (standard). @entity1 AND MATERIALS: During a period of 9 months, 32 @entity1 with @entity263 (mean [SD] age, 71 [7.8] years) and biochemical recurrence were included in this prospective institutional review board-approved study. Each @entity1 underwent a state-of-the-art 3-dimensional F @entity1877 PET/CT. A total of 76 lesions were assessed by 2 board-certified nuclear medicine physicians and a third-year resident. Lesion volume and SUVmax of local recurrence, lymph nodes, and organ metastases were compared between @entity1054 and standard. Image quality and lesion demarcation were rated according to a 5-point Likert-type scale. Interobserver agreement was assessed. RESULTS: Eight additional lesions were detected using @entity1054 (SUVmax, 3.64 [0.95]; V, 0.58 cm [0.50]). Image quality was reduced (IQ standard, 1.28; @entity1054 , 1.77; P < 0.01) in calculated @entity1054 images, although quality of lesion demarcation was improved (lesion demarcation: standard, 1.66; @entity1054 , 1.26; P < 0.01). SUVmax was significantly increased in @entity1054 images (SUVmax standard, 6.9 [4.1]; @entity1054 , 8.1 [4.1]; P < 0.01), whereas V did not show significant differences (V standard, 5.3 [10.4] cm; @entity1054 , 5.4 [10.3] cm; P = 0.41). Interobserver agreement was good for combined ratings (1 + 2 and 3 + 4). CONCLUSIONS: Application of @entity1054 seems to be of additional value to detect small metastatic lesions in @entity1 with @entity263 and biochemical recurrence, which may have further clinical implications for secondary treatment.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of 18F choline PET/CT using time-of-flight reconstruction algorithm in XXXX @entity1 with biochemical recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'Time-of-flight']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1121 is a genetic @entity299 characterized by marked variability in morphological expression and natural history. The @entity1184 is often confined to the septum or lateral wall of the left ventricle, but it can also be encountered in the middle or apical segments of the myocardium. Treatment is based on medical therapy. Others therapies, such as embolization of the septal artery or ventriculomyectomy, are indicated in special situations. Surgery is the standard treatment, and it is classically done via a transaortic approach; however, in cases in which the @entity1184 is confined to mid-apical segments, a transapical approach is an option. Only a few cases of mid-apical @entity1121 treated with a myectomy using a transapical approach have been reported in the English-language literature. In this report, we present a case of a @entity1 with mid-apical @entity1121 treated using this new approach. CASE PRESENTATION: A 63-year-old Caucasian @entity1 presented with a history of @entity662 and @entity1353 causing significant limitations on her daily life activities. She had a history of @entity453 . Her physical examination was unremarkable. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed normal systolic function and significant @entity4346 that was greater in the mid-apical region. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging confirmed significant @entity1184 of the median segments of the left ventricle. The @entity1 had persistent symptoms despite receiving optimized medical treatment, and a surgical approach was indicated. As a myectomy using transaortic technique was thought to be difficult to perform in her case, a transapical approach was used. No complications occurred, and her symptoms resolved. CONCLUSION: A transapical myectomy should be taken into consideration for @entity1 with mid-apical @entity1121 that is refractory to medical treatment.

title: A case of mid-apical XXXX treated with a transapical myectomy approach: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['concentric left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The objective of this study is to examine the change in macrophage numbers, inducible form of NO synthase ( @entity13633 ), and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) expression both before and after embryo implantation in the uterine tissue of @entity19 . In order to explore the mechanism of macrophages in endometrial angiogenesis, 8-week-old female @entity19 were divided into three groups: pregnant group, pseudopregnant group (mated to male @entity19 that had been vasectomized), and estrous group (unmated). Individuals from these three groups were sacrificed at time intervals D1.5 to D6.5. @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was used for immunocytochemical localization of M  , @entity13633 , and @entity1611 utilizing standard methodology. The proportion of macrophages in the peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry, and the relationship between macrophage, @entity13633 , and @entity1611 expression was analyzed. The proportion of peripheral blood macrophages in the pregnancy group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. The results of immunohistochemistry determined that the macrophages exhibited changes in both numbers and distribution. The number of macrophages in the endometrium of the pregnancy and pseudopregnancy groups was significantly higher than that in the control (estrous) group. In the pregnancy group, macrophage numbers dramatically decreased and gradually transferred to the perimetrium on D4.5. Immunostaining revealed strong staining in the pregnancy group and weaker staining in the pseudopregnant and control groups for both @entity13633 and @entity1611 . There was strong, dense immunostaining at the implantation site for both @entity13633 and @entity1611 , whereas light immunostaining was seen in interimplantation tissues on D5.5 to D6.5. In the pregnant group, peripheral blood and uterine macrophage proportions were negatively correlated, whereas the amount of macrophages, @entity13633 , and @entity1611 expression in the endometrium were positively correlated. The expression of @entity13633 and @entity1611 in the endometrium also displayed a strong positive correlation. In conclusion, during embryo implantation, macrophages levels decreased in the uterus, whereas the number of peripheral macrophages increased, suggesting that macrophages may migrate into the peripheral blood and uterus to adapt for pregnancy. Additionally, an increase in the expression of @entity13633 and @entity1611 was observed during the implantation window, implying that @entity13633 and @entity1611 may play an important role in promoting embryo implantation. The positive correlation between macrophages, @entity13633 , and @entity1611 in the implanting uterus implied that macrophages might regulate @entity13633 and @entity1611 during the implantation process.

title: Relationship between macrophages in XXXX uteri and angiogenesis in endometrium during the peri-implantation period.

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 increases susceptibility to reperfusion @entity943 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, @entity3372 , may reduce that susceptibility via regression of @entity4346 . @entity35 (n=12 per group) were subjected to abdominal aortic constriction (AC) or sham-operation (SH) and from 3 to 6 weeks after surgery, 3 AC groups received @entity3372 (0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg per day p.o.) while the SH and 1 AC group received vehicle. Six weeks after surgery (ie after 3 weeks of treatment), the hearts were excised and subjected to independent Langendorf perfusion of left and right coronary beds. The left coronary bed was then subjected to @entity63 (7 min) and reperfusion (5 min). @entity1184 hearts from the vehicle AC group showed a significant increase in the incidence of reperfusion-induced @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) compared with control hearts from the SH group (92%* vs 33%: *p<0.05); this difference was abolished by @entity3372 (42%, 50%, and 42%, at 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg per day, respectively). The LV weight/body weight ratio was significantly increased in all AC groups (regardless of @entity3372 treatment) relative to the SH group. At the cellular level, myocyte length was significantly increased in the vehicle AC group, but was normalized by @entity3372 treatment (1 mg/kg per day). At the molecular level, @entity12579 ( @entity12579 ) mRNA expression was also significantly increased in the vehicle AC group, but was again normalized by @entity3372 treatment (1 mg/kg per day). In conclusion, short-term treatment with @entity3372 reduced susceptibility to severe @entity943 in @entity1184 @entity35 hearts. This protection was achieved in the absence of a significant reduction in LV weight, but was accompanied by regression of @entity1184 , as reflected by reductions in cell size and @entity12579 expression.

title: Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme reduces susceptibility of @entity1184 XXXX myocardium to @entity2224 .

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophied', 'hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic factor', 'ANF']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To review the association between genetic variability and the inflammatory response induced by periodontal @entity281 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search of MEDLINE-PubMed was performed from January 2000 up to and including March 2005. The search included all types of publications, published in English without other limitations. The following search terms were used: "cytokine polymorphism", "gene polymorphism", " @entity2521 ", " @entity2522 ", " @entity32 " and "host-response". The papers resulting from the above search were used as an additional source for relevant articles. RESULTS: Genetic variability was examined for the correlation to clinical indicators of @entity32 such as @entity548 on probing (BOP), @entity32 , cytokine in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and cytokine production by inflammatory cells. According to the current literature, most of the studies found no association between genetic variability and BOP, @entity32 or cytokine concentrations in the GCF. These studies were hampered by inappropriate study designs and the use of inflammatory parameters as secondary rather than primary outcome variables. The data suggest that the production of inflammatory mediators by inflammatory cells may be affected by different genetic traits but further studies are needed in order to establish this association. CONCLUSIONS: To date, there is no clear correlation between any of the gene polymorphisms and clinical indicators of @entity32 . The powering of studies to reveal associations between single or multiple nucleotide polymorphisms and inflammatory parameters will need to involve a much larger number of subjects than were used in the past. The available data (including the interleukin-1 composite genotype) do not currently support the utility of such tests in the diagnosis and prognostic assessments of periodontal diseases.

title: Effect of genetic variability on the inflammatory response to periodontal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: y   T cells are a subset of T cells associated with epithelial mucosal tissues and play a prominent role in both promoting and dampening inflammatory responses to pathogens; in addition, they strongly mediate epithelial repair. By using a @entity1732 model of @entity3794 , we found that y   T-cell populations dramatically increased after @entity1732 administration. To determine the importance of these cells, we exposed @entity19 lacking the    chain of the y   T-cell receptor (y   knockout [KO]) to @entity1732 . @entity3794 was more severe in y   KO @entity19 , as measured by collagen deposition ( @entity720 ) and histopathological features. Furthermore, there was no evidence of resolution of the fibrotic response up to 45 days after @entity1732 therapy. In contrast to control @entity19 , y   KO @entity19 had decreased concentrations of @entity777 , granulocyte colony stimulating factor, chemokine @entity15891 , and interferon inducible protein 10/ @entity15369 . In vitro culture of y   T cells purified from lungs 17 days after @entity1732 exposure (a time of peak influx of these cells) demonstrated that y   T cells produced substantial quantities of all four of these cytokines, suggesting that y   T cells are a predominant source of these proteins. To demonstrate that y   T cells are effector cells in the fibrotic response, we performed adoptive transfer experiments with y   T cells sorted from @entity1732 -treated lungs; these cells were sufficient to resolve @entity82 in y   KO @entity19 and restore @entity15369 levels comparable to wild-type @entity19 . Furthermore, overexpression of @entity15369 in the lung decreased the severity of @entity82 seen in the y   KO @entity19 . Finally, adoptive transfer of y   T cells from @entity15369 (-/-) @entity19 failed to reverse the severe @entity82 in y   KO @entity19 . These results indicate that y   T cells promote the resolution of @entity82 through the production of @entity15369 .

title: y   T cells attenuate @entity1732 -induced XXXX through the production of @entity15369 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis', 'pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Certain neuropeptides, such as @entity10132 , are associated with C-type nerve fibers in the skin and are known to be proinflammatory mediators. Because of their probable role in various cutaneous diseases, we investigated the effect of @entity55187 on @entity1 leukocyte @entity4222 in a 48-well microchemotaxis chamber using a 5-microns-pore filter. Elutriated peripheral blood leukocytes (enriched 80-90% for CD3+ and 10-20% for @entity2225 + lymphocytes) were added to the upper wells, and @entity10132 to the lower ones in a dose range of 10(-19)-10(-5) M; both were diluted in RPMI medium containing 0.05% fetal calf serum. The chamber was incubated at 37 degrees C for 2.5 hours, and the filter was washed and stained. The mean number of cells migrating through the filter was calculated for quadruplicate wells in each treatment group. Chemotactic activity was expressed as a @entity4222 index (MI = number of cells responding to @entity10132 /media control). Both @entity55187 were optimally chemotactic for leukocytes at approximately 50 pM, with a mean @entity4222 index of 11.5 for filter-adherent cells (n = 13 experiments); @entity4222 due to chemokinesis was minimal, as measured by checkerboard analysis. Almost all leukocytes that responded to @entity10132 were T cells (TCs), and the @entity404 to @entity405 ratio was similar to that of the input population; B cells were not observed. @entity10132 -induced @entity4222 appears to be a specific receptor-mediated event, as pretreating the cells with @entity10132 resulted in significant down-regulation of their chemotactic response to @entity10132 , but not to @entity1192 . Our data suggest that the release of @entity10132 from free nerve endings near the @entity3161 could influence cutaneous TC trafficking. As neuropeptides exacerbate (possibly initiate) the inflammatory process, they are likely to be important pharmacological targets in @entity74 .

title: Calcitonin gene-related peptide is chemotactic for XXXX T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity55187 :: ('797', 'Gene') :: ['alpha- and beta-CGRP']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['dermal-epidermal junction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dermatological disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: An inverse correlation between hospital volume and esophageal resection mortality has been reported. In this study, we compared the quality of preoperative @entity3 detection between a high-volume referral center with that of low-volume referring regional centers. METHODS: In 573 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity418 (1994-2003), the results of preoperative staging investigations (CT-scan, ultrasound of abdomen and neck, and chest x-ray) performed in 61 regional centers were re-evaluated and/or repeated in one referral center. The gold standards were a radiological result with > or =6 months follow-up, fine-needle aspiration, or the postoperative TNM-stage. RESULTS: In the same group of @entity1 , the preoperative investigations performed in regional centers detected true-positive malignant lymph nodes in 8% of @entity1 and true-positive distant @entity3 in 7% of @entity1 , whereas these percentages were 16% and 20%, respectively, in the referral center. In 72/573 (13%) @entity1 , one or more @entity3 detected in the referral center had been missed in the regional centers. After allowing resectability in the presence of M1a lymph nodes, this would still have resulted in futile esophageal resections in 6% of @entity1 . In contrast to the higher diagnostic sensitivity in the referral center, specificity was comparable between referral and regional centers. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that, in assessing the operability of @entity418 , the diagnostic sensitivity of @entity3 detection in a high-volume referral center was higher than that in referring regional centers. This resulted from both better CT-scanning equipment and more experienced radiologists in the referral center. Should the decision to perform esophagectomy have only been based on @entity3 detection in these regional centers, over 1 in 20 @entity1 would have undergone resection in the presence of @entity3 .

title: A comparison between low-volume referring regional centers and a high-volume referral center in quality of preoperative @entity3 detection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The objective of our study was to evaluate sex differences in the impact of weight and @entity1144 on the risk of @entity385 . METHODS: We included 388 @entity1 with @entity385 (aged <75 years) assessed consecutively in our hospital and 732 controls matched by age and sex. Vascular risk factors and anthropometric data (waist circumference, weight and height) were recorded. The impact of three anthropometric variables [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist to height ratio] on @entity385 risk was calculated. These variables were divided into quartiles for a comprehensive comparison between cases and controls, stratified by sex and adjusted in logistic regression by age and vascular risk factors. Further logistic regression using dummy variables was performed to evaluate the association between BMI-adjusted @entity1144 and @entity64 risk. RESULTS: Increased BMI was not associated with @entity64 overall or in @entity1 , but was a protective factor in @entity1 [P = 0.03; odds ratio (OR), 0.59 (0.37-0.94)]. @entity1144 was a risk factor for @entity64 in @entity1 , in both waist circumference [P < 0.001; OR, 5.79 (3.10-10.85)] and waist to height ratio [P < 0.001; OR, 3.61 (1.99-6.54)] analyses, but was not significant in @entity1 . When considered independently of BMI, @entity1144 was a risk factor in both sexes, but the strength of the association was significantly higher in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Increased BMI was related to a lower risk of @entity64 in @entity1 . @entity1144 was associated with @entity385 in @entity1 . The impact of @entity1144 on @entity64 risk differs by sex.

title: Sex-related differences in @entity1144 impact on XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity', 'Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['increased stroke risk', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Autologous @entity23138 grafting (AFG) accounts for 9.1  % of all cosmetic surgical procedures in the world. Its use has been increasing tremendously in breast reconstruction and produces satisfying outcomes. However, the lack of standard guidelines for routine screening protocols in @entity0 @entity1 before and after AFG warrants consideration of the safety of AFG use in post-mastectomy and post-lumpectomy reconstruction. This manuscript examines AFG in breast reconstruction publications and details the complications, the mechanism of AFG, as well as the relationship between adipose stem cells (ASCs) and @entity5 recurrence. The ASCs transferred in AFG act as multiple potent stem cells, which can impact @entity5 recurrence in various ways. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that ASCs can stimulate the recurrence of @entity0 . Based on a review of existing evidence, we provide recommendations and guidelines for AFG use in breast reconstruction to aid in clinical decision-making. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the long-term clinical safety of AFG as well as the proposed guidelines. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

title: Potential Safety Loophole of @entity23138 Grafting in @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: We report on a syndrome of spondylo-epimetaphyseal @entity1141 , @entity8804 , and ligamentous hyperextensibility in two sibs born to nonconsanguineous parents. This @entity1610 was characterized by severe @entity851 of stature and an @entity170 without @entity174 . Electron microscopic examination of the cartilage documented large vacuoles of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum within the cytoplasm of chondrocytes. Gel electrophoresis of pepsin-soluble collagen extracted from cartilage demonstrated the presence of type II collagen chains with an abnormal mobility. @entity10783 and @entity12553 hydroxylations were slightly increased. The abnormal molecules melted at a higher temperature than the normal ones. CNBr peptide mapping of type II collagen showed an altered electrophoretic migration of peptides CB 11, CB 8, and @entity4000 ,5 whereas CB 9,7 looked normal. In addition, two small non-collagenous proteins isolated from cartilage were not found in an age-matched control individual but were detected in a normal newborn @entity1 . The quantitation of @entity1521 -labelled collagen synthesized by dermal fibroblasts demonstrated a 50% reduction of total collagen. This decrease essentially affected the amount of extracellular type I collagen, which was secreted less efficiently than in control cells. Nevertheless, type I collagen chains behaved normally on 5% @entity2975 gels. The reduced mRNA levels of alpha 1I and alpha 2I chains might reflect either a transcriptional defect or a decreased stability of mRNA transcripts. We suggest that the association of both pathological chondrocytes producing altered collagen type II and decreased synthesis of type I could be responsible for this peculiar phenotype. The overmodification of alpha 1II CNBr peptides is consistent with the presence of a single-base substitution in the @entity794 gene. Whether there is a direct causal relationship between the type II collagen defect and the underexpression of type I collagen will require clarification.

title: Type II collagen defect in two sibs with the Goldblatt syndrome, a @entity1610 with XXXX , and joint laxity.

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['shortness']

entities_list: @entity8804 :: ('MESH:D003811', 'Disease') :: ['dentinogenesis imperfecta']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8804 :: (MESH:D003811,Disease) :: ['dentinogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: PURPOSE: Traumatic @entity17160 (TCCS) is the most commonly encountered type of incomplete @entity1566 . TCCS typically occurs in @entity1 over the age of 50 with a narrow spinal canal and follows an @entity131 . Here, we report on the demographics of TCCS @entity1 , their clinical course and outcomes, and the factors that may have influenced these outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective folder review of @entity1 who presented to our facility between January 2004 and December 2008 following hyperextension @entity130 and with the clinical manifestations of a @entity17160 . @entity1 details were obtained from the acute @entity1566 register at Groote Schuur Hospital and the @entity1 folders, radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging films were reviewed. Predetermined data points were identified, tabulated and analysed, with only information from the injury-related admission being included. RESULTS: An ASIA motor score of >= 60 on admission or discharge correlated with an 80  % chance of being able to walk at discharge from hospital. An ASIA motor score of  <=50 on admission correlated with an 80  % chance of not walking at discharge. An ASIA motor score of  <=50 at discharge meant a @entity1 was not only unable to walk, but required placement in a @entity3510 rehabilitation centre. Further, if a @entity1 had a cervical spinal canal diameter of >= 8  mm they had a 50  % chance of clinical improvement and nearly 80  % chance of a functional outcome. CONCLUSION: The Groote Schuur Hospital @entity1 population differs from the international norm, particularly with respect to age and mechanism of injury. The ASIA motor score and cervical spine canal diameter proved to be useful predictors of outcome. Within our @entity1 group, timing of surgery did not appear to influence the outcome.

title: Hyperextension XXXX with @entity17160 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute hyperextension injury of the cervical spine']

entities_list: @entity17160 :: ('MESH:D020210', 'Disease') :: ['central cord syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the cervical spine']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury of the cervical spine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 have been associated with a number of changes in the oral cavity, such as @entity2522 , @entity2521 , @entity3137 , @entity409 , altered taste, and @entity8511 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of @entity3137 in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study between August and October 2012 with a convenience sampling was performed for 51 @entity1 with @entity6 (type 1 and type 2). The study consisted of two phases: 1) a questionnaire application; 2) intraoral clinical examination. For the analysis of data, we used descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test in bivariate analysis (significance level of 0.05), and Poisson Regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of oral lesions was 78.4%. Traumatic @entity1066 (16.4%) and @entity15608 (12.7%) were the most prevalent lesions. The lips (35.3%) and tongue (23.5%) were the most common location. The bivariate analysis showed an association with the type of @entity6 , and two variables (age and comorbidity) were quite close to the significance level. In the Poisson Regression analysis, only @entity2175 remained significant after adjusting the model. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show a high prevalence of @entity3137 in @entity6 @entity1 . The @entity3137 are mostly associated with @entity2175 .

title: Prevalence of @entity3137 among XXXX with @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity8511 :: ('MESH:D002054', 'Disease') :: ['burning mouth']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['salivary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity15608 :: ('MESH:C535669', 'Disease') :: ['actinic cheilitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosal lesions', 'mucosal diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Five consecutive @entity1 groups undergoing coronary bypass surgery were studied for postoperative conduction disturbances and @entity943 . Group I (50 @entity1 ) had blood cardioplegic solution (25 meq/liter @entity972 ) and unsnared venae cavae, group II (156 @entity1 ) had low-volume crystalloid cardioplegic solution (25 meq/liter @entity972 ) and unsnared venae cavae, group III (56 @entity1 ) was similar to group II except that a single cavoatrial venous cannula was used instead of two separate cannulas, group IV (218 @entity1 ) had high-volume crystalloid cardioplegic solution (25 meq/liter @entity972 ) and snared venae cavae, and group V (37 @entity1 ) was the same as group IV except that the cardioplegic solution contained 10 meq/liter @entity972 after the first dose, which contained 25 meq/liter. All postoperative electrocardiograms were analyzed for conduction disturbances and @entity943 . The results showed a significantly lower incidence of conduction disturbances in group I (12%) as compared with groups II to IV. In addition, groups IV and V (high-volume crystalloid cardioplegic solution) had a significantly higher incidence of conduction disturbances than groups II and III (lower-volume crystalloid solution) (55.0% and 62.1% vs 26.2% and 35.1%, respectively). The majority of these disturbances were temporary. Group I also had the lowest incidence of postoperative @entity943 (3.8%). There was no significant difference between the groups receiving high- and low-volume crystalloid solution. It is concluded that blood cardioplegic solution affords the best protection against postoperative conduction disturbances and @entity943 . High-volume crystalloid cardioplegic solution affords the least protection against conduction disturbances but has no effect on @entity943 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Does the type of venous drainage or cardioplegia affect postoperative conduction and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['atrial arrhythmias']


abstract: The @entity29689 gene encodes an enzyme catalyzing the last step of @entity165 biosynthesis, the conversion of @entity19980 to @entity165 . To elucidate the physiological significance of @entity165 biosynthesis in @entity1 cells, we investigated proliferation of @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) prepared from @entity29689 (-/-) @entity19 . Both @entity29689 (-/-) and wild-type MEFs proliferated in the presence of serum in culture media. However, the inhibition of external @entity165 supply by serum withdrawal induced apoptosis of @entity29689 (-/-) MEFs, which was associated with a marked decrease in the intracellular and plasma membrane @entity165 levels, @entity1994 inactivation, and Bad dephosphorylation. Insulin is an antiapoptotic factor capable of stimulating the @entity1994 -Bad cascade, and its receptor (IR) is enriched in caveolae, @entity165 -rich microdomains of plasma membrane. We thus analyzed the association of IR and caveolae in the @entity165 -depleted MEFs. Subcellular fractionation and immunocytochemical analyses revealed that the IR and caveolin-1 contents were markedly reduced in the caveolae fraction of the MEFs, suggesting the disruption of caveolae, and that large amounts of IR were present apart from caveolin-1 on plasma membrane, indicating the uncoupling of IR with caveolae. Consistent with these findings, insulin-dependent phosphorylations of insulin receptor substrate-1, @entity1994 , and Bad were impaired in the @entity165 -depleted MEFs. However, this impairment was partial because treatment of the MEFs with insulin restored @entity1994 activation and prevented apoptosis. @entity165 supply also prevented apoptosis. These results demonstrate that the cellular @entity165 biosynthesis is critical for the activation and maintenance of the @entity1994 -Bad cell survival cascade in response to growth factors such as insulin.

title: @entity29689 -knockout embryonic fibroblasts are susceptible to serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis because of dysfunction of caveolae and insulin- XXXX -Bad signaling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity19980 :: ('MESH:D003897', 'Chemical') :: ['desmosterol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: We performed a prospective study of @entity2021 in 25 consecutive @entity1 . Three distinct clinical patterns were observed: uniphasic, biphasic, and protracted @entity2021 . Thirteen @entity1 (52%) experienced a single episode. @entity2021 occurred in five @entity1 (20%), two episodes of @entity551 or @entity4 separated by asymptomatic intervals of 1 to 8 hours. Initial therapy included large doses of glucocorticoids in three of the five @entity1 . Seven @entity1 (28%) suffered @entity551 , lower @entity1576 , or @entity3885 that persisted 5 to 32 hours despite vigorous therapy that included systemic glucocorticoids. Recurrent or prolonged reactions were 2.8-fold more likely if the onset was 30 or more minutes after exposure to the stimulus or if the offending agent had been administered by mouth (p less than 0.03). Fatal reactions occurred in one @entity1 who was taking @entity1169 and in one who was adrenal insufficient. The results of this study demonstrate that biphasic and protracted @entity2021 are common, despite glucocorticoid therapy. Potentially life-endangering recurrences occurred in five (28%) of the 18 @entity1 who responded to initial therapy. These observations indicate that @entity1 should be followed carefully after apparent remission of @entity2021 .

title: Biphasic and protracted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal edema']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory obstruction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Biphasic anaphylaxis', 'anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are of great benefit in several @entity146 , but they can be associated with various adverse effects, including @entity410 . To investigate the effects of chronic antipsychotic treatment on @entity410 susceptibility in @entity74 -prone @entity35 , some @entity734 were administered for 7  weeks, and @entity410 susceptibility ( @entity410 ) was evaluated once a week during treatment and for 5  weeks after drug withdrawal. Furthermore, acute and subchronic (5-day treatment) effects were also measured. @entity35 received @entity1767 (0.2-1.0  mg/kg), @entity1088 (1-5  mg/kg), @entity1090 (0.03-0.50  mg/kg), @entity1089 (2-10  mg/kg), aripriprazole (0.2-1.0  mg/kg), and @entity1037 (0.13-0.66  mg/kg), and tested according to treatment duration. Acute administration of @entity734 had no effect on @entity410 , whereas, after regular treatment, @entity1770 reduced @entity410 severity; @entity1767 had no effects and all other @entity734 increased @entity410 severity. In chronically treated @entity35 , @entity1088 showed the most marked proconvulsant effects, followed by @entity1090 and @entity1037 . @entity1089 and @entity1767 had only modest effects, and @entity1770 was anticonvulsant. Finally, the proconvulsant effects lasted at least 2-3  weeks after treatment suspension; for @entity1770 , a proconvulsant rebound effect was observed. Taken together, these results indicate and confirm that @entity734 might have the potential to increase the severity of @entity410 but that @entity1770 may exert anticonvulsant effects. The use of @entity734 in @entity1 , particularly in @entity1 with @entity302 , should be monitored for @entity410 occurrence, including during the time after cessation of therapy. Further studies will determine whether @entity1770 really has a potential as an anticonvulsant drug and might also be clinically relevant for @entity302 @entity1 with @entity146 comorbidities.

title: Comparative Analysis of the Treatment of Chronic Antipsychotic Drugs on XXXX in Genetically Epilepsy-prone @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'audiogenic seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetically epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Antipsychotic drugs', 'APs']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptic Susceptibility']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Richter operation is used for the enterocele and high rectocoele treatment. There are many modifications of the procedure. Alas, not much data concerning complications and the learning curve of Richter operation is currently at our disposal. DESIGN: The aim of the study is to analyze the course of sacrospinous colposacrofixation and the postoperative period of time in order to optimize surgical technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The first 200 procedures, performed by two surgeons, have been investigated. @entity1 with II, III and IV degree of @entity3577 , according to @entity3577 -Q scale, recommended by ICS, have undergone the operation. In accordance with the protocol, we have analyzed the course of the operation and postoperative period of time during the @entity1 ' stay in the hospital, as well as the first month after their leaving the hospital. RESULTS: Difficulties in reaching the sacrospinous ligament have occurred during the initial procedures. The incidence of the problem has been gradually reducing with the increasing number of performed operations. None of the @entity1 was in need of blood transfusion. Granulation in the vagina, resulting in the necessity of its, and parts of sutures, evacuation, occurred in case of 6 (3%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Sacrospinous colposacrofixation equals a low risk of complications, even during the initial procedures. With the rise of the number of performed operations and better ability recognition of anatomic properties of the operating area, technical problems decrease significantly.

title: [Sacrospinous colposacrofixation in the treatment of female XXXX ( @entity3577 )--analysis of the operation course and complications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse', 'POP']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of mixed states in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity308 ( @entity308 ) according to conceptually different definitions and to compare their clinical validity. METHOD: This multicenter, multinational cross-sectional @entity162 : Improving Diagnosis, Guidance and Education (BRIDGE)-II-MIX study enrolled 2,811 adult @entity1 experiencing an @entity308 . Data were collected per protocol on sociodemographic variables, current and past @entity146 symptoms, and clinical variables that are risk factors for @entity162 . The frequency of mixed features was determined by applying both @entity4987 criteria and a priori described Research-Based Diagnostic Criteria (RBDC). Clinical variables associated with mixed features were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 212 @entity1 (7.5%) fulfilled @entity4987 criteria for @entity308 with mixed features ( @entity4987 -MXS), and 818 @entity1 (29.1%) fulfilled diagnostic criteria for a predefined RBDC depressive mixed state (RBDC-MXS). The most frequent @entity162 /hypomanic symptoms were irritable mood (32.6%), emotional/mood lability (29.8%), distractibility (24.4%), @entity2146 (16.1%), @entity23 (14.5%), @entity146 (14.2%), racing thoughts (11.8%), and pressure to keep talking (11.4%). Euphoria (4.6%), grandiosity (3.7%), and hypersexuality (2.6%) were less represented. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, RBDC-MXS was associated with the largest number of variables including diagnosis of @entity162 , family history of @entity162 , lifetime suicide attempts, duration of the current episode > 1 month, atypical features, early onset, history of antidepressant-induced @entity162 /hypomania, and lifetime comorbidity with @entity148 , @entity167 and substance use disorders, @entity71 , and @entity4225 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 mixed state, defined as the presence of 3 or more @entity162 /hypomanic features, was present in around one-third of @entity1 experiencing an @entity308 . The valid symptom, illness course and family history RBDC criteria we assessed identified 4 times more @entity308 @entity1 as having mixed features and yielded statistically more robust associations with several illness characteristics of @entity162 than did @entity4987 criteria.

title: Mixed features in XXXX with a @entity308 : the BRIDGE-II-MIX study.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'mania', 'Bipolar Disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depressive episode', 'MDE', 'Depressive']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggression']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor agitation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has recently been proven that smoking has a negative influence on @entity890 . This is probably due to @entity455 . Our purpose was to find out if @entity1 operated on for lumbar disk disease also have an increased incidence of @entity6 . We have also examined if this increased incidence could be the result of diagnostic uncertainties ( @entity3949 operated as lumbar disk disease). METHODS: This is a prospective study. One hundred two @entity1 operated on in our department for @entity890 were compared with 98 @entity1 of the same age who were admitted for elective surgery and did not take @entity821 . History for @entity6 , blood @entity413 , and glycated hemoglobin were examined. chi(2) test was used for statistical analysis. We have also compared the results of the @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 operated on for lumbar disk disease. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increased incidence of @entity6 in @entity1 operated on for lumbar disk disease. There was no difference in the results at 3 months of the 2 groups of @entity1 operated on for lumbar disk disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 operated on for lumbar disk disease have a statistically significant increased incidence of @entity6 compared with similar @entity1 operated on for other reasons. This difference cannot be explained by diagnostic uncertainties because if @entity1 with @entity3949 were wrongly operated on for lumbar disk disease, their results would not be as good as those of the other @entity1 operated on for lumbar disk disease. @entity6 must be a predisposing factor in @entity1 operated on for lumbar disk disease.

title: The influence of XXXX on lumbar intervertebral disk herniation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy', 'diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disk herniation']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this review were to establish the effectiveness of approaches to the provision of education for adults with type 1 @entity6 using or initiating @entity2690 pump therapy (IPT), and identify the best available evidence on the association between intervals and duration of follow up and the stated outcome criteria. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This review considered all studies and papers that involved adults (aged 16 years or over) with type 1 @entity6 using IPT as their primary form of therapy who participated in education or training, with no restrictions placed on gender or comorbidities. All forms of education, including resources utilised during education were included in the review. SEARCH STRATEGY: The search strategy sought to find both published and unpublished studies and papers written in the English language. An initial limited search of MEDLINE and CINAHL databases was undertaken to identify optimal search terms. A second search using all identified key words and index terms was then undertaken based on key words specific to each database across all included databases from 1998 to February 2008. Thirdly, the reference lists of all identified reports and articles were searched for additional studies. METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY: Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of retrieved papers using the corresponding checklist from the System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (SUMARI) package. RESULTS: A total of 142 studies were identified as potentially relevant to the review question in the first and second steps of the literature search. Based on the title and abstract, 24 papers that were relevant to the review topic were retrieved for evaluation of methodological quality. Following this stage, 20 papers were excluded. Whilst searching the reference lists of the selected studies (n   =   4), one paper met the inclusion criteria. Therefore, a total of five descriptive studies were included in the review. The included papers reported a variety of educational methods and different outcome measures. CONCLUSION: In general, it is difficult to draw a strong conclusion regarding the effectiveness of components and strategies associated with IPT because of a lack of high-quality comparative studies, small sample sizes and a variability of reported methods in the included studies. However, included descriptive studies explored a range of issues related to the effectiveness of IPT therapy, and the educative requirements of @entity1 . It is clear that type 1 @entity6 @entity1 initiating and utilising IPT need a comprehensive range of advice, education and training. The mixture of group and individual teaching, multidisciplinary teams as educators, educational materials, long-term training with multiple sessions and a variety of educational contents may all be effective for delivering IPT education and training.

title: Effect of educational components and strategies associated with XXXX pump therapy: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: The cartilage of epiphysis and cuboid bones from three Beagle puppies bred from parents with a constant heredity of @entity1610 , was examined macroscopically, histomorphologically and histochemically. The puppies were euthanized at the age of one week, three weeks and five weeks, respectively. The investigation showed the foci of the disease develop in a broad subarticular zone where normally strong three-dimensional growth of the cartilage takes place. The first signs of the disease appeared about the time of birth and new foci reached a climax when the puppies were about three weeks old. Histomorphological and histochemical examination of the cartilage showed that the disease developed in a sequence of confluent stages. In the initial stage, there was an accumulation of abnormal cartilage matrix in the chondrocyte and/or chondrocyte lacunae. The abnormal substance consisted apparently of concentrated or free @entity12007 sulphates not bound to protein. Then followed a second stage of liquefaction and coalescence of the abnormal cartilage matrix which formed cysts of different sizes, some of them visible macroscopically. In the third stage of calcification of the cyst content and surrounding abnormal cartilage, it was found that the @entity460 was deposited in grains bound to chondroitin @entity7910 . The results of the present study of the pre-calcification stage of the disease in @entity235 seem to be comparable with or equivalent to the results of the study of the post-natal stage of the disease in @entity1 and may explain something of the prenatal pathogenesis in @entity1 .

title: XXXX . 2. Morphological and histochemical investigation of cartilage matrix, particularly in the pre-calcification stage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['multiple epiphyseal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity12007 :: ('MESH:D002807', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin']

entities_list: @entity7910 :: ('CHEBI:35175', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphates']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1610 :: (MESH:D010009,Disease) :: ['Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia']


abstract: @entity6801 is a @entity1 Toll-like receptor homologue that appears to function as an innate immune pattern recognition protein for motifs that are far more common in bacterial than in @entity1 DNA. The gene was sequenced in 71 subjects from three self-identified U.S. ethnic groups to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 20 SNPs were found of which only 20% were in the public dbSNP database. Four SNPs were relatively common in all three ethnic samples. Using these four SNPs, seven distinct haplotypes were statistically inferred, of which four accounted for 75% or more chromosomes. These four haplotypes could be distinguished from each other by the alleles of two SNPs (-1237 and 2848). Five exploratory nested case-control disease-association studies ( @entity565 , @entity11942 , MI, and @entity1030 in European Americans and @entity565 in African Americans) were performed by genotyping DNA collected from four ongoing cohort studies. There was evidence suggesting increased risk for @entity565 with a C allele at -1237 (odds ratio 1.85, 95%CI 1.05 to 3.25) among European Americans (genotypes available from 67 cases and 152 controls). No other significant disease associations were detected. Replication of this finding in other, larger samples is needed. This study suggests that there is substantial diversity in @entity1 @entity6801 , possibly associated with @entity565 in Europeans but not African Americans. No association was detected with three other diseases potentially related to innate immunity.

title: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the XXXX gene ( @entity6801 ): frequencies, pairwise linkage disequilibrium, and haplotypes in three U.S. ethnic groups and exploratory case-control disease association studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

answer: @entity6801 :: (54106,Gene) :: ['Toll-like receptor 9']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to @entity65 . Chondrocyte-like transformation of VSMCs associates with @entity729 and underlies the formation of @entity2333 induced in @entity19 by genetic loss of @entity45818 ( @entity45818 ). Previous microarray analysis identified a dramatic downregulation of @entity26215 in calcified @entity45818 -null aortae, suggesting an antagonistic role for @entity26215 in the chondrogenic transformation of VSMCs. APPROACH AND RESULTS: @entity26215 is significantly downregulated in @entity45818 -null aortae, before the histological appearance of @entity4648 , and in primary @entity45818 -null VSMCs. In contrast, intrinsic @entity641 is activated in @entity45818 -null VSMCs and is necessary for spontaneous chondrogenesis of these cells in high-density micromass cultures. @entity11580 -induced chondrogenic transformation in wild-type VSMCs associates with @entity642 -dependent @entity26215 downregulation, but @entity26215 does not suppress @entity11580 -induced Smad activation. In addition, @entity11580 inhibits Notch signaling in wild-type VSMCs, and this pathway is downregulated in @entity45818 -null aortae. Exogenous @entity26215 stimulates Notch activity and attenuates @entity11580 -induced downregulation of Notch in wild-type VSMCs, prevents chondrogenesis in @entity45818 -null and @entity11580 -treated wild-type VSMCs, and stabilizes expression of contractile markers of differentiated VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a novel @entity641 - @entity26215 -Notch signaling conduit in the chondrocyte-like transformation of VSMCs and identify endogenous @entity641 activity in @entity45818 -null VSMCs as a critical mediator of chondrogenesis. Our proposed model suggests that the activated @entity641 pathway inhibits expression of @entity26215 , which is a positive regulator of Notch signaling and a stabilizer of VSMC phenotype. These data advance the comprehensive mechanistic understanding of VSMC transformation and may identify a novel potential therapeutic target in @entity729 .

title: XXXX Attenuates @entity641 -Induced Chondrogenic Transformation in Vascular Smooth Muscle.

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic cartilaginous metaplasia']

answer: @entity26215 :: (93735(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Wnt16']


abstract: Primary @entity5426 of the breast are rare malignancy that account for fewer than 0.04% of all malignant @entity0 . The prognosis is poor. Surgery is the first line of treatment for @entity5426 . Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been tried, but their efficacy remains controversial. Here we present the case of a 47-year-old @entity1 with a palpable left breast mass that was diagnosed as a @entity5426 . The @entity1 underwent modified radical mastectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Postoperatively, eighteen months later, the @entity5426 recurred. The @entity1 returned complaining of @entity1353 and hemoptysis and was found to have a large @entity1143 . She developed a gradual onset of @entity882 that persisted despite platelet transfusions. Finally, the @entity1 died of @entity1576 secondary to @entity548 .

title: A case report of primary breast angiosarcoma with @entity548 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma', 'angiosarcomas', 'primary angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: Computed tomography (CT) and thoracic radiography were performed in nonsedated, nonanesthetized, @entity468 with @entity1514 . The final diagnosis was obtained with echocardiography, cytology, histopathology, necropsy, or response to therapy. For CT imaging, @entity468 were in a positioning device using a 16 multislice helical CT system. Fifty-four @entity468 had CT imaging of which 50 had thoracic radiography. The most common diagnoses were @entity358 , lower @entity1030 , and @entity296 (nine each). Other disease groups included mediastinal mass (eight), @entity281 (seven), @entity130 (four), and @entity547 (three). CT provided additional correct diagnoses in 28% (14/50) and additional information in 74% (37/50) of the @entity468 . Additional correct diagnoses achieved only with CT were most common for @entity468 with lower @entity1030 . The most common additional findings with CT were lung nodules (n=4), lung masses (n=4), @entity4595 (n=4), and mediastinal @entity3329 (n=3). Survey CT led to a significant different diagnosis or different prognosis in 20 of the 50 @entity468 that were imaged both modalities. Contrast CT was performed in 19 @entity468 , most commonly in @entity468 with @entity358 (n=6), a mediastinal mass (n=4) or an @entity281 (n=3), and provided additional correct diagnosis in two @entity468 not achieved with survey CT. @entity1514 CT using a positioning device in diseased awake @entity468 is feasible, safe, and clinically useful.

title: XXXX computed tomography in feline patients without use of chemical restraint.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic', 'thoracic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['Thoracic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is a useful diagnosis tool in low-burden countries for @entity1 with suspected @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) who are smear-negative or sputum-scarce. This study sought to determine the accuracy of the @entity14275 (XP) assay using FOB samples. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical, radiological, and microbiological characteristics of 175 @entity378 -suspected @entity1 requiring diagnostic FOB (bronchial aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage) with XP assay. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and smear microscopy (SM) performances were first compared to culture, then to the final diagnosis, established based on clinical or radiological evolution when cultures were negative. RESULTS: Of the total 162 included @entity1 , 30 (18.5%) had a final diagnosis of @entity1907 , with positive cultures reported in 23. As compared to culture, sensitivity and specificity values were 80.0% and 98.6% for the XP assay, and 25.0% and 95.8% for SM, respectively. As compared to final diagnosis, the corresponding performance values were 60.0% and 100.0% for the XP assay, and 16.7% and 95.5% for SM, respectively. The sensitivity of the XP assay was significantly higher than that of SM in both cases (p=0.003 and p=0.001). Concerning the final diagnosis, both XP assay and culture sensitivities were similar (60% vs. 66.7%). PCR assay enabled @entity1907 to be diagnosed earlier in 13 more cases, compared to SM. CONCLUSION: Our study has confirmed the clinical benefits provided by XP assay compared to SM for the early diagnosis of suspected @entity1907 cases requiring FOB, on per procedure samples, especially in a low @entity378 -burden country.

title: Retrospective observational study of diagnostic accuracy of the @entity14275 assay on fiberoptic bronchoscopy sampling for early diagnosis of smear-negative or sputum-scarce XXXX with suspected @entity378 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity291 placenta is characterized by a limited invasion of trophoblast giant cells (TGC). In contrast to mononuclear trophoblast cells (MTC), TGC are non-polarized cells, which migrate and fuse with single uterine epithelial cells throughout gestation. Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) were shown to be associated with the migratory activity of cells, cell differentiation and angiogenesis, and due to its localization in trophoblast cells were proposed as important regulating factors in hemochorial placentae of rodents and @entity1 , and the (syn)epitheliochorial placenta of @entity1707 and @entity742 . Since migrating @entity291 TGC are of epithelial origin, but exhibit similarities to mesenchymal cells we hypothesize that the restricted trophoblast invasion in @entity291 is characterized by a specific FGF expression pattern. Therefore, the spatiotemporal expression of specific FGF factor:receptor pairs, either acting on cells of mesenchymal origin or on epithelial cells was examined in @entity291 placental tissues throughout gestation and prepartum by immunohistochemistry, semiquantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. @entity21349 protein was found in trophoblast, caruncular epithelium (CE) and stroma (CS), stroma of chorionic villi ( @entity6723 ), and in fetal and maternal blood vessels. @entity12270 signals dominated in maternal vascular endothelia (VE), immature TGC, and MTC, whereas staining in other cell types was clearly weaker. @entity58471 protein was detected in fetal and maternal blood vessel as well as in immature TGC and MTC predominantly at the chorionic plate. @entity31003 immunoreaction was localized in immature TGC, MTC, and to a clearly lesser extent in CS, CE and fetal and maternal blood vessels. Mature TGC stained negatively for all examined factors and @entity31003 . The corresponding mRNAs specific for @entity21349 , -2, -7, total @entity31003 , and FGFR2 isoforms IIIb and IIIc were colocalized in immature TGC, whereas hybridization was substantially lower in CE and absent in CS, @entity6723 and mature TGC throughout gestation, but switched to CS and VE immediately prepartum. Semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed higher mRNA levels for @entity21349 , @entity31003 , and FGFR2IIIc in cotyledons compared to caruncles (p<0.05), whereas it was the opposite with @entity12270 (p<0.001). @entity58471 and FGFR2IIIb mRNA levels did not differ between caruncles and cotyledons. Significant changes (p<0.05) of mRNA levels related to gestational age were found for @entity21349 and FGFR2IIIc, but not for @entity12270 , -7, total @entity31003 , and FGFR2IIIb. The specific localization of all examined FGF family members in TGC suggests that TGC, apart from their classical function as producers of hormonal products, play other important roles in the regulation of @entity291 placentomal growth, differentiation and angiogenesis.

title: @entity21349 , XXXX , @entity58471 and FGF receptors are uniformly expressed in trophoblast giant cells during restricted trophoblast invasion in @entity291 .

answer: @entity12270 :: (281161(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['FGF2']


abstract: The status of the @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) has been shown to accurately reflect the presence or absence of @entity3 in the axilla in @entity1 with @entity0 . This study was designed to determine the optimal protocol for @entity1600 processing. A total of 173 SLNs from 96 @entity0 @entity1 who had successful @entity1600 localization and underwent completion axillary node dissection were identified. All SLNs were negative for @entity3 by initial routine histologic evaluation. The nodes were submitted in a total of 300 blocks. Each block was serially sectioned to produce 10 levels. Pan-cytokeratin stain was performed on levels 3 and 8. All other levels were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 . @entity3 were identified in 22 SLNs from 19 @entity1 by examining all 10 levels. The first two @entity1710 and @entity1711 - or the first cytokeratin-stained levels were positive for @entity3 in 21 (95.5%) of the 22 positive SLNs. Two additional @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained and one cytokeratin-stained levels of each @entity1600 correctly identified the status of the node in 94 (97.9%) of 96 @entity1 . Therefore, we recommend that after an initial @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained section, two additional @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained sections and one cytokeratin-stained section should be evaluated.

title: Recommendations for XXXX processing in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['sentinel lymph node']