abstract: A total of 24 @entity1 with intractable @entity5 were evaluated as candidates for spinal morphine therapy. Temporary trials were carried out with bolus injections of preservative-free @entity1286 via percutaneously inserted epidural catheters. Fourteen @entity1 felt that @entity158 relief was sufficient to warrant long term @entity1286 application, and permanent drug delivery systems were implanted. These consisted of an Ommaya reservoir and an epidural spinal catheter in 6 @entity1 and an Infusaid pump with either an epidural or subarachnoid spinal catheter in 8 @entity1 . @entity158 relief with these systems was felt to be excellent in 7 @entity1 , good in 4 @entity1 , and fair in 3 @entity1 . There was a statistically significant reduction in supplemental narcotic use between the pre- and postoperative periods (P less than 0.001). Median survival after operation was 3.0 months (mean, 5.0 months), with a range of 1 to 23 months. Tolerance was seen in all @entity1 regardless of the mode of drug delivery, but it occurred more quickly with bolus injections than with continuous infusion (statistically significant difference, P less than 0.05). A persistent cerebrospinal fluid fistula developed in 1 @entity1 ; this required wound revision. No other serious complications or episodes of @entity1576 occurred. We conclude that intraspinal @entity1286 is a beneficial treatment option for @entity5 @entity1 in whom @entity158 has become debilitating and unresponsive to oral or parenteral narcotic regimes.

title: Administration of intraspinal XXXX for the treatment of intractable @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine sulfate']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Glitazones are powerful insulin sensitisers prescribed for the treatment of @entity164 2 @entity6 . Their use is, however, associated with fluid retention and an increased risk of @entity712 . We previously demonstrated that @entity12098 increases proximal @entity1372 reabsorption in healthy volunteers. This study examines the effects of @entity12098 on renal @entity1372 handling in individuals prone to insulin resistance, i.e. those with @entity6 and/or @entity101 . METHODS: In this double-blind randomised placebo-controlled four-way crossover study, we examined the effects of @entity12098 (45 mg daily during 6 weeks) or placebo on renal, systemic and hormonal responses to changes in @entity1372 intake in 16 individuals, eight with @entity164 2 @entity6 and eight with @entity101 . RESULTS: @entity12098 was associated with a rapid increase in body weight and an increase in diurnal proximal @entity1372 reabsorption, without any change in renal haemodynamics or in the modulation of the renin-angiotensin @entity1369 system to changes in salt intake. A compensatory increase in brain natriuretic peptide levels was observed. In spite of @entity1372 retention, @entity12098 dissociated the blood-pressure response to salt and abolished salt sensitivity in salt-sensitive individuals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: @entity12098 increases diurnal proximal @entity1372 retention in @entity6 and @entity101 individuals. These effects cause fluid retention and may contribute to the increased incidence of @entity712 with glitazones. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01090752 FUNDING: @entity101 Research Foundation Lausanne.

title: Effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist XXXX on renal and hormonal responses to salt in @entity6 and @entity101 individuals.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

answer: @entity12098 :: (MESH:C060836,Chemical) :: ['pioglitazone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic resection and ablation have advanced the treatment of @entity420 and have been promoted as definitive therapy for selected superficial @entity5 . Controversy exists regarding the prevalence of nodal @entity3 at various depths of @entity33 . Our aim was to clarify this prevalence and identify predictors of nodal spread. STUDY DESIGN: An expert gastrointestinal pathologist retrospectively reviewed 54 T1 @entity420 from 258 esophagectomy specimens (2000 to 2008). @entity5 were classified as intramucosal or submucosal, the latter being subclassified as @entity895 (upper third), @entity3578 (middle third), or SM3 (lower third) based on the depth of @entity5 invasion. The depth of invasion was correlated with the prevalence of positive nodes. Fisher's exact test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify variables predicting @entity66 . RESULTS: Nodal @entity3 were present in 0% (0 of 25) of intramucosal, 21% (3 of 14) of @entity895 , 36% (4 of 11) of @entity3578 , and 50% (2 of 4) of @entity5 . The differences were significant between @entity5 (p < 0.0001), although not between the various subclassifications of @entity5 (p = 0.503). Univariate logistic regression identified poor differentiation (p = 0.024), @entity3 (p = 0.049), and number of harvested lymph nodes (p = 0.037) as significantly correlated with @entity66 . Multivariate logistic regression did not identify any of the tested variables as independent predictors of the prevalence of positive lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: All depths of submucosal invasion of @entity420 were associated with an unacceptably high prevalence of nodal @entity3 and a marked increase relative to @entity5 . Accurate predictors of nodal spread, independent of @entity5 depth, are currently lacking and will be necessary before recommending endoscopic resection with or without concomitant ablation as curative treatment for even superficial @entity5 .

title: Are endoscopic therapies appropriate for superficial XXXX ? An analysis of esophagectomy specimens.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal tumors', 'tumor', 'Tumors', 'intramucosal cancer', 'SM3 tumors', 'intramucosal and submucosal tumors', 'submucosal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal and submucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'lymphovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'intramucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['submucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: We evaluated 104 @entity1 with superficial @entity150 for response to intravesical bacillus Calmett-Guerin therapy. @entity1 received 6 weekly intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations and they were followed for response every 3 months with urinary cytology, cystoscopy and bladder biopsy. @entity1 were considered treatment failures if either the cytology studies or biopsies were positive for @entity5 . Of 65 @entity1 who failed the initial treatment course 57 were given an additional 6-week course of therapy. One 6-week course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin was successful in 20 of 55 @entity1 (36 per cent) treated for prophylaxis, 12 of 32 (37 per cent) treated for @entity189 in situ and 7 of 17 (41 per cent) treated for @entity41 . The response rate for the total @entity1 population treated with 1, 6-week course was 37.5 per cent (39 of 104). A second 6-week course was successful in 19 of 29 @entity1 (65 per cent) treated for prophylaxis, 11 of 18 (71 per cent) treated for @entity189 in situ and 4 of 10 (40 per cent) treated for @entity41 . The response rate for all @entity1 receiving a second course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin was 59.6 per cent (34 of 57). Of 6 @entity1 who refused another 6-week course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin 4 had additional recurrences and 3 of these 4 suffered invasive disease. The over-all therapeutic response rate for @entity1 treated with either 6 or 12 weeks of therapy was 70 per cent. These results suggest that 6 weeks of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin do not provide optimal therapy for superficial @entity150 . The data further suggest that more intensive regimens may increase therapeutic efficacy.

title: Results of 6 weekly intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations on the treatment of superficial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity28 affects one in every five @entity1 giving birth worldwide. This condition is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, as well as increased morbidity and mortality for mother and offspring. METHODS: We carried out a prospective study at the University of Pecs Medical Center, Pecs, Hungary, between 1 January 2013 and 1 January 2014. We enrolled 60 @entity28 (body mass index >30   kg/m(2)) low-risk pregnant @entity1 and 108 age-, ethnicity-, and parity-matched nonobese pregnant control subjects. The ST segment of the fetal electrocardiogram was assessed by STAN   monitoring. Neonatal outcomes and cord gas analysis of the umbilical vessels were evaluated after birth. RESULTS: No @entity1 with definitive @entity520 was delivered in either group. We observed 32 and 106 ST events in the @entity28 and control group, respectively, but this difference was not statistically significant. To date, none of the @entity1 delivered as part of this study have demonstrated @entity1887 . CONCLUSIONS: Obesity might not influence the fetal electrocardiogram during labor as an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Studies with larger cohort sizes are needed to confirm our findings.

title: Impact of maternal XXXX on the fetal electrocardiogram during labor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['developmental insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Maternal obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The biological heterogeneity of @entity521 results in a varied outcome ranging from spontaneous regression to fatal @entity5 progression. Microarray expression profiling and genetic polymorphism arrays may help identify key genes that differ in aggressive @entity521 from those observed in @entity5 associated with a favorable outcome. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from 16 @entity521 obtained from @entity1 who subsequently died of the disease and from 16 favorable @entity521 and analyzed using a @entity1 whole genome oligomicroarray (55K CodeLink). Genes overexpressed in favorable @entity5 were subsequently analyzed in 121 @entity5 obtained before chemotherapy using real-time RT-PCR. And among these cases, expression levels of these genes were also analyzed in 20 @entity5 obtained after chemotherapy. RESULTS: Oligomicroarray analysis revealed the overexpression of 283 genes in favorable @entity5 that were associated with either regressing or maturing @entity5 . Three candidate genes, including @entity21478 , @entity2539 , and @entity4884 , were selected that were significantly overexpressed in favorable @entity5 by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (P < 0.01). No cases with overexpression of all three genes showed poor outcomes. In 20 post-chemotherapeutic @entity5 , the expression levels of these genes increased in the cases where @entity1 survived but decreased in the fatal cases. CONCLUSIONS: Using microarray expression profiling, we identified genes that exhibit altered gene expression in @entity5 associated with a favorable outcome. These candidates warrant further study for use in risk assessment and/or as therapeutic targets in @entity521 .

title: Evaluation of genes identified by microarray analysis in favorable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroblastoma tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas', 'neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: Persistent urogenital sinus is frequently associated with a wide spectrum of complex anatomic abnormalities involving the urinary, genital, and gastrointestinal tracts. Failure to accurately define these abnormalities can result in serious complications. One such group of complications occurs relatively late in the clinical course of these @entity1 and has received little attention. These are the complications related to menarche. This report reviews the anatomy, complications, and management in five such @entity1 . In this group the onset of menses was associated with hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx, @entity8795 , hematometrocolpos @entity43 , ruptured @entity43 , @entity46 , and @entity298 . Anatomic abnormalities included @entity8376 , vaginal @entity1146 and @entity850 , @entity7996 , and @entity7996 , all predisposing to inadequate menstrual flow. Each of these @entity1 required surgical intervention. These cases stress the need for an awareness of not only the urinary but the @entity8218 . Careful early definition of the anatomy and long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity790 is important in order to avoid potential future complications.

title: Complications at XXXX with associated anorectal malformations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometrioma', 'tubo-ovarian abscess']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital sinus malformation']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['double and septate vagina']

entities_list: @entity7996 :: ('MESH:D014594', 'Disease') :: ['uterus bicornis unicollis', 'uterus didelphys']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity8795 :: ('MESH:D006399', 'Disease') :: ['hematocolpos']

entities_list: @entity8218 :: ('MESH:D014623', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal and uterine abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity790 :: (MESH:D014564,Disease) :: ['menarche of urogenital sinus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to define the clinical characteristics of @entity1 who developed @entity717 in association with @entity7025 ( @entity7025 ). Using PubMed and medical records of our hospital from 1985 to 2008, we searched for @entity1 who developed @entity717 in association with @entity7025 . This study included 38 @entity1 described in previous studies and 4 @entity1 found in the medical records. The onset of @entity717 was thought to be sudden. In 13 @entity1 , the @entity717 were precipitated by @entity10441 . Twenty-seven of the 42 @entity1 developed @entity4790 , 4 @entity1 developed @entity3519 , and 4 developed a mixture of both. The @entity717 of the remaining 7 @entity1 were described as @entity910 . A third of the 42 @entity1 developed bilateral @entity717 , and their mean age was younger than that of those with unilateral @entity717 . In 37 of the 42 @entity1 , brain imaging studies showed @entity2806 , but the remaining 5 @entity1 showed no parenchymal lesions. Cerebral perfusion studies showed hypoperfusion in the basal ganglia and in the cerebral cortical areas. Most @entity1 improved whether they were treated or not. @entity7025 must be included in the differential diagnosis of the sudden onset of @entity910 , particularly @entity3520 . Even in @entity1 with no parenchymal lesion in brain imaging studies, cerebral angiography and cerebral blood perfusion studies must be performed, if they develop a sudden onset or recurrent @entity717 preceded by emotional stress or @entity10441 .

title: @entity717 associated with XXXX : a report of 4 new cases and a review of literatures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['chorea and focal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya disease', 'MMD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['hyperventilation', 'hyperventilation or emotional stress']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['moyamoya disease']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the association between insulin exposure and all-cause mortality, incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and incident @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 treated with insulin monotherapy. METHODS: For this retrospective study, @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who progressed to insulin monotherapy from the year 2000 were identified from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. The risks of progression to serious adverse outcomes were compared using Cox proportional hazards models. In the main analysis, insulin exposure was introduced into the model as prescribed international units per kilogram per day, as a cumulative, continuous, annually updated, time-dependent covariable. RESULTS: A total of 6484 subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 who progressed to treatment with insulin monotherapy from the year 2000 onwards were followed for a mean of 3.3   years. The event numbers were as follows: @entity204 , n   =   1110; incident MACE, n   =   342; incident @entity5 , n   =   382. Unadjusted event rates were 61.3 @entity204 per 1000   @entity1 -years, 26.4 incident MACE per 1000   @entity1 -years and 24.6 incident @entity5 per 1000   @entity1 -years. The adjusted hazard ratios in relation to 1-unit increases in insulin dose were 1.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-1.78] for all-cause mortality, 1.37 (95% CI 1.05-1.81) for MACE and 1.35 (95% CI 1.04-1.75) for @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between increasing exogenous insulin dose and increased risk of all-cause mortality, MACE and @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The limitations of observational studies mean that this should be further investigated using an interventional study design.

title: Glucose-lowering with exogenous insulin monotherapy in XXXX 2 @entity6 : dose association with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the aetiology and the diagnostic yield of the standardized diagnostic work-up based on European Society of Cardiology guidelines in the @entity1163 unit. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 501 @entity1 (191 @entity1 and 310 @entity1 ), mean age 65 years (44-75 years), were prospectively evaluated. They underwent initial evaluation (history, physical evaluation, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram) and subsequently targeted tests that differed according to suspected aetiology. Initial evaluation resulted in diagnosis in 155 @entity1 --reflex @entity1163 (93), arrhythmogenic @entity1163 (62), and pacemaker malfunction (7). In 22 @entity1 with solitary @entity1163 , a diagnostic algorithm was stopped after initial evaluation. In 139 @entity1 with @entity299 , @entity299 was found in 83 @entity1 and reflex @entity1163 in 30 @entity1 . In 185 @entity1 without @entity299 , reflex @entity1163 was diagnosed in 127 @entity1 , @entity299 in 30 @entity1 , and vascular @entity1163 in 2 @entity1 . @entity907 was the most common type of @entity1163 (43%), followed by @entity1168 (25%), @entity591 (9%), and @entity551 (5%). Aetiology of @entity1163 remained unknown in 11% of @entity1 . Diagnostic yield of specific examinations was as follows: head-up tilt 52%, implantable loop recorder 51%, electrophysiologic study 33%, initial evaluation 31%, EKG Holter 12%, orthostatic test 10%, transoesophageal stimulation 9%, carotid sinus massage 4%, and echocardiography 2%. CONCLUSION: Standardized diagnostic evaluation determined the aetiology of @entity1163 in 89% of @entity1 . Diagnostic yield of specific diagnostic procedures was different. Initial evaluation resulted in diagnosis in one-third of @entity1 .

title: A prospective study of the standardized diagnostic evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['Vasovagal syncope']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease', 'cardiac syncope']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is hypothesized that a venographic-based operational classification of dural carotid-cavernous @entity292 (DCCF) will facilitate early selection of the optimal venous route and enhance the efficacy of transvenous catheterization and embolization of the cavernous sinus. METHODS: This was a retrospective study on 97 @entity1 who presented with symptomatic DCCF. Definition of classification type 1: both the anterior and posterior compartments of the cavernous sinus were opacified, type 2: only the anterior compartment was opacified, type 3: only the posterior compartment was opacified. Subtype a: the facial vein (FV) draining the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) was opacified, subtype b: only the @entity50 ( @entity50 ) was opacified, subtype c: neither the FV nor the @entity50 were opacified, subtype d: both the FV and the @entity50 were opacified. The SOV route was recommended for subtype 1a and type 2. The @entity50 route was recommended for subtype 1b, 1c, 1d, and type 3. Success rates of catheterization by the recommended routes and non-recommended routes were calculated. RESULTS: Number of DCCF lesions were 20 (1a), 28 (1b), 23 (1c), 26 (1d), 16 (2a), 10 (2c), 2 (3b). Of 145 attempted catheterization, 91 and 54 were performed with a recommended route and un-recommended route, respectively. Success rate for catheterization and embolization performed with the recommended route and un-recommended route was 71/91 (78%) and 20/54 (37%), respectively (Chi-Square test P   =   0.0024). CONCLUSIONS: Venographic operational classification is useful for guiding the selection of optimal venous route which enhances the efficacy of transvenous embolization of the DCCF.

title: A venographic operational classification for transvenous embolization of dural carotid-cavernous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['IPS', 'inferior petrosal sinus']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some @entity1 experience more @entity130 than others due to personal or environmental risk factors, or to chance. Most injury studies have focused on proximal causes; few have examined the role of neonatal characteristics such as birth weight and gestational age. METHODS: We carried out a population-based cohort study of 1,524,114 singletons born in Denmark between 1 January 1978 and 31 December 2004. We obtained information on gestational age, birth weight, and injury from the Danish Medical Birth Registry and the National Hospital Register. We followed @entity1 up to age 29 years and estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of hospitalization for injury, using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: The risk of injury throughout childhood (mainly before 12 years of age) increased with decreasing gestational age and birth weight. The IRR of injury in the first 12 years of life was 4.2 (95% CI = 3.5-5.1), 2.3 (2.0-2.5), and 1.5 (1.3-1.6), respectively, for @entity1 born at gestational weeks 20-32, 33-36, and 37-38, compared with those born at gestational weeks 39-41. The IRR was 4.0 (3.4-4.6), 2.5 (2.1-2.8), and 1.4 (1.3-1.6) for @entity1 with a birth weight less than 2000 g, 2000-2499 g, and 2500-2999 g, compared with @entity1 of 3000-3999 g. Birth weight was also associated with increased risks of injury after adjusting for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 born with adverse neonatal conditions have a marked increased risk of injury. This suggests an opportunity to identify @entity1 who may benefit from injury prevention. More research is needed to identify the causal pathways driving these associations.

title: Gestational age, birth weight, and risk for XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal was to determine the interchangeability of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) and venipuncture blood sampling (BS). METHODS: Paired blood samples from hospitalized @entity1 were obtained through venipuncture and from existing PVCs, following discard of 2 mL of blood. Comparisons of 9 complete blood count indices (white and red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin level, red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, and mean platelet volume) and 5 basic chemical analysis indices ( @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity413 , @entity2865 , and @entity1133 levels) were performed, and @entity2142 was documented. RESULTS: Irrespective of gauge, blood samples were obtained successfully from 40 (85.1%) of 47 PVCs, with no abnormal @entity2142 . BS through venipuncture took longer than BS from PVCs (175.8 +/- 229.6 vs 104.5 +/- 53.4 seconds; P = .053) and was associated with significantly more distress/crying (73.1% vs 0%; P < .001). There were no significant differences between venipuncture and PVC samples (paired t test). Twenty-one (6%) of 348 pairs analyzed with the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment standards fell outside the range of acceptable variance (8 of 21 aberrations were attributed to @entity413 measurements). Bland-Altman analysis indicated that, with the exclusion of @entity413 measurements, BS from PVCs is reliable, with 29 (6.5%) of 448 pairs exceeding the limits of agreement. Of those, 9 cases were clinically significant, but none would have altered clinical management. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2634 sampling was shown to be a pain-reducing method that can be used for @entity1 for selected basic analytes. The findings for @entity413 were unreliable.

title: Blood sampling through peripheral venous catheters is reliable for selected basic analytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare composition and colony formation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) harvested from @entity235 by means of a new perfusion method and the conventional @entity1173 method. ANIMALS: 7 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURES: BMMCs were collected from the humeri and femurs of Beagles via perfusion and @entity1173 methods. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to quantify the presence of contaminant cells from the peripheral blood and the percentage of @entity16129 + progenitor cells in the BMMCs. A CFU assay was conducted to determine the number of progenitor cells in the BMMCs. RESULTS: The perfusion method was safely performed in all 7 @entity235 . Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the percentages of contaminant CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and CD21 + lymphocytes in BMMCs obtained via perfusion were significantly lower than percentages obtained via @entity1173 . The percentage of @entity16129 + cells obtained via perfusion was significantly higher than that obtained via @entity1173 . In addition, perfusion yielded a significantly higher CFU count than did @entity1173 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The perfusion method used in this study can minimize the contamination of bone marrow samples with peripheral blood and was a more efficient means for collecting @entity235 bone marrow progenitor cells than the conventional @entity1173 method. Therefore, the perfusion method can be more suitable than @entity1173 for harvesting bone marrow cells for transplantation in @entity235 .

title: Perfusion method for harvesting bone marrow cells from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to describe our experience in implementing a primary care-based @entity303 and @entity308 care program focused on providing collaborative care for @entity303 and @entity308 . METHODS: Capitalizing on the substantial interest in the US on the @entity1 -centered medical home concept, the Aging Brain Care Medical Home targets older adults with @entity303 and/or @entity308 in the primary care setting. We describe a structured set of activities that laid the foundation for a new partnership with the primary care practice and the lessons learned in implementing this new care model. We also provide a description of the core components of this innovative memory care program. RESULTS: Findings from three recent randomized clinical trials provided the rationale and basic components for implementing the new memory care program. We used the reflective adaptive process as a relationship building framework that recognizes primary care practices as complex adaptive systems. This framework allows for local adaptation of the protocols and procedures developed in the clinical trials. Tailored care for individual @entity1 is facilitated through a care manager working in collaboration with a primary care physician and supported by specialists in a memory care clinic as well as by information technology resources. CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully overcome many system-level barriers in implementing a collaborative care program for @entity303 and @entity308 in primary care. Spontaneous adoption of new models of care is unlikely without specific attention to the complexities and resource constraints of health care systems.

title: Implementing XXXX care models in primary care settings: The Aging Brain Care Medical Home.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['late-life depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: @entity6583 was studied in 89 Mexican @entity1 . These @entity1 were divided into two groups; those with proven diagnosis and those in whom the diagnosis was strongly suspected. The frequency of childhood @entity3993 at autopsy is significantly less than reported in adults from the same environment. Symptoms of initial cerebral invasion by the parasite include @entity10 , @entity221 , @entity391 , and @entity410 . @entity2657 is observed more frequently in @entity1 than in adults, and is the most common cause of @entity428 . The @entity2657 generally is associated with an @entity1394 , either a single bout or a chronic course with multiple relapses. Arterial @entity101 , not previously described, was found in two probable cases. The variability of clinical symptomatology thus is great. Symptoms in childhood @entity6583 may be totally absent, moderate, or severe and ultimately fatal. Computed tomography of the brain is the most useful diagnostic aid, and determines the dynamic neuroradiologic sequence of this disease, since different images appear at each stage to permit its diagnosis. Uncalcified cysticerci may be demonstrated by contrast enhancement if associated with focal @entity2657 ; images thus may disappear and reappear in the clinical course of the disease.

title: Childhood @entity6583 : clinical features and computed tomographic findings in 89 Mexican XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral cysticercosis', 'Cerebral cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema', 'Cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1394 :: ('MESH:D010301', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity8273 ( @entity8273 ) is a glycosaminoglycan composed of @entity3954 and @entity8686 subunits. Endocytosis is thought to play an essential role in the catabolism of @entity8273 due to the intracellular compartmentalization of the @entity8273 degrading hyaluronidase enzymes. Previous investigations have shown that keratinocytes, chondrocytes and @entity0 cell lines endocytose @entity8273 via the cell surface glycoprotein, @entity3844 . However, other cell types endocytose @entity8273 using a @entity3844 -independent mechanism that remains to be defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate @entity8273 endocytosis in @entity19 @entity320 cells. We found that @entity19 @entity320 cells expressed @entity3844 on their surfaces. Unexpectedly, @entity3844 did not play a role in the endocytosis of @entity8273 . Electron microscopy studies revealed that @entity19 @entity320 cells exhibited membrane ruffling, a characteristic feature of macropinocytosis, only after incubating the cells with the @entity8273 co-polymer. Moreover, @entity19 @entity320 cells endocytosed @entity8273 via macropinocytosis as assessed by drug inhibition studies and the co-localization of fluorescently labeled @entity8273 with fluorescent tracers under confocal microscopy. Based on these results, we conclude that induced macropinocytosis may provide a previously unrecognized avenue for @entity8273 endocytosis in some cell types.

title: Inducible macropinocytosis of hyaluronan in XXXX @entity320 cells.

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'Hyaluronan']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity8686 :: ('MESH:D020723', 'Chemical') :: ['glucuronic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['B16-F10']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We assessed the cost-effectiveness of a community-based, modified @entity6 Prevention Program (DPP) designed to reduce risk factors for type 2 @entity6 and @entity65 . METHODS: We developed a Markov decision model to compare costs and effectiveness of a modified DPP intervention with usual care during a 3-year period. Input parameters included costs and outcomes from 2 projects that implemented a community-based modified DPP for @entity1 with @entity209 , and from other sources. The model discounted future costs and benefits by 3% annually. RESULTS: At 12 months, usual care reduced relative risk of @entity209 by 12.1%. A modified DPP intervention reduced relative risk by 16.2% and yielded life expectancy gains of 0.01 quality-adjusted life-years (3.67 days) at an incremental cost of  34.50 ( 3,420 per quality-adjusted life-year gained). In 1-way sensitivity analyses, results were sensitive to probabilities that risk factors would be reduced with or without a modified DPP and that @entity1 would enroll in an intervention, undergo testing, and acquire @entity6 with or without an intervention if they were risk-factor-positive. Results were also sensitive to utilities for risk-factor-positive @entity1 . In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the intervention cost less than  20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained in approximately 78% of model iterations. CONCLUSION: We consider the modified DPP delivered in community and primary care settings a sound investment.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of efforts to reduce risk of type 2 @entity6 and XXXX in southwestern Pennsylvania, 2005-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Conventional-dose chemotherapy for limited-disease @entity151 has resulted in high response rates, but rarely in a cure. In an ongoing phase I-II trial, limited-disease @entity151 @entity1 received high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation as part of an early intensification strategy after two cycles of induction chemotherapy. Eligible @entity1 (n = 18) were initially treated with two cycles of @entity2879 (500 mg/m2), @entity1260 (4 g/m2), @entity900 (50 mg/m2), @entity1259 (50 mg/m2) and @entity1261 to combine an effective, standard-dose chemotherapy regimen with simultaneous mobilization of PBPCs. @entity1 who were in partial remission or complete remission after two cycles of induction chemotherapy received high-dose intensification chemotherapy with cumulative doses of 1,500 mg/m2 @entity2879 , 12 g/m2 @entity1260 , 750 mg/m2 @entity3003 , and 150 mg/m2 @entity1259 , followed by autologous PBPC transplantation and @entity1261 . The duration of the complete chemotherapy program was 9 weeks. All @entity1 received chest irradiation posttransplantation (50 Gy), and those in complete remission received additional prophylactic cranial irradiation (30 Gy). To date, 13 @entity1 with a median age of 49 years (age range, 34 to 62 years) have been treated within this combined-modality treatment protocol. At a median follow-up of 14 months (range, 3 to 45 months) after transplantation, 11 @entity1 were alive and nine were still in complete remission. Nonhematologic @entity137 was acceptable; World Health Organization grades 2 to 4 @entity3136 was the most frequently observed (85%) adverse event. No toxic deaths were observed, and hematopoietic reconstitution occurred rapidly after PBPC transplantation; platelet transfusion independence (> 20,000 microL) and neutrophil counts greater than 500 microL were observed at study day 12+. The median survival time was not yet reached. These preliminary data demonstrate that early, high-dose chemotherapy and PBPC transplantation followed by local radiotherapy is safe and may lead to prolonged disease-free survival in some @entity1 . Prospective, randomized studies in a larger series of @entity1 will be required to provide definitive proof of the role of early high-dose chemotherapy in the management of limited-disease @entity151 .

title: Use of high-dose @entity2879 / @entity1260 / @entity3003 / XXXX and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in limited-disease @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) may have an impact on the growth characteristics of @entity5513 (VSs). BACKGROUND: @entity5513 is a benign, slow-growing @entity5 that accounts for 6% of all @entity5 . The biological backgrounds for @entity5 and especially for the various growth patterns of VS remain largely unknown. Because several angiogenic and cytotrophic factors have been described to be involved in the growth of @entity5 , we initiated this study to examine 2 major representatives of such growth factors in VS and their possible correlation to the growth characteristics of sporadic VSs. METHODS: Surgical specimens from 17 @entity1 with sporadic VS were examined, and the expression of 2 major angiogenic and neurotrophic factors, @entity540 and @entity7 , was quantitatively analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels. The microvessel density (MVD) was defined by @entity2279 staining. RESULTS: All @entity5 showed expression of @entity540 and @entity7 at both the mRNA and protein levels. The mRNA expression and the protein expression of both growth factors correlated positive to @entity5 volume, to @entity5 growth index, and to MVD. CONCLUSION: The @entity540 and @entity7 mRNA expression and the @entity540 and @entity7 protein expression in sporadic VS correlates to the @entity5 volume, to the @entity5 growth index, and to the MVD. This might indicate an angiogenic and neurotrophic influence of these factors and a possible involvement in the growth of sporadic VS.

title: Expression of @entity7 and XXXX in @entity5513 correlates to growth characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['Vestibular schwannoma', 'sporadic vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'intracranial tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'neoplastic growth', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity540 :: (2247,Gene) :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the association between demographical features, serum ALT and @entity97 DNA and the prevalence of significant @entity82 and @entity32 on liver biopsy in @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of @entity1 on St Vincent's Hospital @entity97 database, @entity1 were classified into three groups on the basis of HBeAg status and @entity97 DNA level and the prevalence of significant (F2/3/4) @entity82 and (A2/3) @entity32 in each group was established. @entity1 were also divided into HBeAg-positive and -negative groups and examined for the prevalence of significant @entity82 / @entity32 in the strata of @entity97 DNA and ALT. Predictors of significant @entity82 and @entity32 in HBeAg-positive and -negative @entity1 were examined by logistic regression. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety four @entity1 (HBeAg positive=198; HBeAg negative=196) with liver biopsy were identified. Fifty-eight percent of HBeAg-negative @entity1 with @entity97 DNA >25,000 IU/ml had F2/3/4 @entity82 . @entity97 DNA and F2/3/4 were positively correlated in HBeAg-negative @entity1 [odds ratio (OR) 1.42, P=0.001] but inversely correlated in HBeAg-positive @entity1 (OR 0.71, P=0.03). @entity97 DNA was an independent predictor of significant @entity82 in HBeAg negative (P=0.03) but not HBeAg-positive @entity1 . In HBeAg-positive @entity1 , age was the only predictor of significant @entity82 (P=0.001) and ALT the only predictor of significant @entity32 (P=0.003). In the whole cohort there was a close positive association between @entity32 and @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Increasing levels of @entity97 DNA are associated with increasing prevalence of significant @entity82 only in @entity1 with HBeAg-negative CHB.

title: Increasing @entity1956 viral load is associated with risk of significant liver XXXX in HBeAg-negative but not HBeAg-positive chronic @entity1956 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A Phase I-II trial to assess the @entity137 and efficacy of a tandem high dose chemotherapy combining @entity1260 , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 in germ cell @entity5 and @entity3 was performed. METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 , with a total of 22 @entity5 , 9 extragonadal germ cell @entity5 , 3 @entity43 , and 5 cases of @entity3 , received tandem high dose therapy combining @entity1260 (7500-12,500 mg/m2), @entity3003 (875-1225 mg/m2), and @entity2879 (1000-1250 mg/m2), followed by @entity236 . Among the 39 @entity1 , 33 were refractory to @entity900 - or @entity3003 -based regimen and the response of 37 could be evaluated; 69 cycles of this tandem high dose therapy were administered. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 46%, including a complete response (CR) rate of 35%. Of 21 @entity1 with @entity5 who could be evaluated, 10 (47%) achieved a CR. No CRs were obtained in @entity1 with refractory extragonadal germ cell @entity5 . Nine partial responders after the first cycle became complete responders after the second. Nine (23%) of the @entity1 were long term survivors (> 18 months), 7 of them in continuous CR. Side effects primarily were @entity8 and @entity1964 . Seven @entity1 (18%) died of therapy-related be explored and the maximum tolerated doses of this three-drug regimen remain to be determined. CONCLUSION: This tandem therapeutic regimen is able to overcome resistance to a @entity902 -based regimen in highly refractory germ cell @entity5 and @entity1469 and to cure a number of @entity1 .

title: High dose chemotherapy with @entity1260 , XXXX , and @entity2879 combined with autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of poor-prognosis germ cell @entity5 and @entity3 in adults.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow reinfusion']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, assessment of symptoms associated with @entity191 is mainly performed in the clinic. However, these assessments have limitations because they provide only a snapshot of the condition. METHODS: The feasibility and usability of an objective, continuous and relatively unobtrusive system (SENSE-PARK System), which consists of wearable sensors (three worn during the day and one worn at night), a smartphone-based App, a balance board and computer software, was tested 24/7 over 12  weeks in a study including 22 @entity1726 @entity1 . During the first four weeks of the study, @entity1 did not get feedback about their performance, during the last eight weeks they did. The study included seven clinical visits with standardized interviews, and regular phone contact. The primary outcome was the number of drop-outs during the study. As secondary outcomes, the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ), score and information obtained from the standardized interviews were used to evaluate the usability of the system. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed the study. The @entity1 rated the usability of the SENSE-PARK System with a mean score of 2.67 (  0.49) on the PSSUQ. The interviews revealed that most @entity1 liked using the system and appreciated that it signaled changes in their health condition. CONCLUSIONS: This 12  week controlled study demonstrates that the acceptance level of @entity1726 @entity1 using the SENSE-PARK System as a home-based 24/7 assessment is very good. Particular emphasis should be given to a user-friendly design. Motivation to wear such a system can be increased by providing direct feedback about the individual health condition.

title: Quantitative home-based assessment of XXXX : The SENSE-PARK feasibility and usability study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's symptoms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This clinical demonstration trial compared the effectiveness of the Veterans Affairs @entity6 Prevention Program (VA-DPP) with an evidence-based usual care weight management program (MOVE!(  )) in the Veterans Health Administration health system. DESIGN: Prospective, pragmatic, non-randomized comparative effectiveness study of two behavioral weight management interventions. SETTING/ @entity1 : Obese/overweight Veterans with @entity5710 were recruited from three geographically diverse VA sites between 2012 and 2014. INTERVENTION: VA-DPP included 22 group-based intensive lifestyle change sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight change at 6 and 12 months, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 12 months, and VA health expenditure changes at 15 months were assessed using VA electronic health record and claims data. Between- and within-group comparisons for weight and HbA1c were done using linear mixed-effects models controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, baseline outcome values, and site. Analyses were conducted in 2015-2016. RESULTS: A total of 387 @entity1 enrolled (273 VA-DPP, 114 MOVE!). More VA-DPP @entity1 completed at least one (73.3% VA- @entity14217 vs 57.5% MOVE! p=0.002); four (57.5% VA-DPP vs 42.5% MOVE!, p=0.007); and eight or more sessions (42.5% VA-DPP vs 31% MOVE!, p=0.035). Weight loss from baseline was significant at both 6 (p<0.001) and 12 months (p<0.001) for VA-DPP @entity1 , but only significant at 6 months for MOVE! @entity1 (p=0.004). Between groups, there were significant differences in 6-month @entity353 (-4.1 kg VA-DPP vs -1.9 kg MOVE!, p<0.001), but not 12-month @entity353 (-3.4 kg VA-DPP vs -2.0 kg MOVE!, p=0.16). There were no significant differences in HbA1c change or outpatient, inpatient, and total VA expenditures. CONCLUSIONS: VA-DPP @entity1 had higher participation rates and @entity353 at 6 months, but similar weight, HbA1c, and health expenditures at 12 months compared to MOVE! @entity1 : Features of VA-DPP may help enhance the capability of MOVE! to reach a larger proportion of the served population and promote individual-level weight maintenance.

title: XXXX Prevention Program Translation in the Veterans Health Administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) offers a treatment option for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 that are not eligible for surgery, embolization, chemotherapy, or radiofrequency ablation. We have evaluated the feasibility, tolerance and @entity137 of SRT for 25 @entity157 @entity1 who were not eligible for these other modalities. The @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ) were treated with CyberKnife stereotactic radiotherapy using respiratory motion tracking. All @entity1 had @entity1575 with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score of less than 2 and pre-treatment @entity1 scores ranging from A5 to B9. A total dose of 45 Gy in three fractions of 15 Gy each was prescribed to the 80% isodose line (95% of the @entity343 received 45 Gy) and delivered to the target volume over 10 to 12 days. Overall the treatment was well tolerated with two Grade 3 acute @entity137 and no acute Grade 4 @entity137 . Late @entity137 was minimal with all observed late @entity137 occurring within the first six months of follow-up. Three hepatic recurrences at a distance from the target and one @entity3 were observed. The actuarial 1- and 2-year local control rate was 95% (95% CI: 69-95%). At a median overall follow-up of 12,7 months (range, 1-24 months), six of the twenty-five (24%) @entity1 have died. Overall actuarial survival at 1- and 2-years was 79% (95% CI: 52-92%) and 52% (95% CI: 19-78%), respectively. Our results suggest promising therapeutic efficacy and good clinical tolerance to CyberKnife SRT treatment for @entity157 @entity1 not eligible for other treatment modalities.

title: Stereotactic radiotherapy of XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Two groups of weanling @entity35 were subjected to @entity3147 , one with periodic injections of @entity251 (males) and the other with @entity53 (females). Two other groups (castrated males or castrated females) received normal feedings. In control animals, the relative weights (mg/gm body weight) of testes, seminal vesicles, and ovaries were greater than in malnourished @entity35 . However, relative weights of those organs in hormone-treated, malnourished animals were greater than in those subjected to @entity3147 alone and still greater than in controls. Normal @entity458 ( @entity458 ) was decreased 16% by male castration, 23% by @entity3147 , and 83% by @entity53 treatment in malnourished females. On the other hand, normal @entity458 was increased 20% by female castration and more than 200% by @entity251 treatment in @entity3930 . All monosexual comparisons corroborated the bisexual range of distances found. Testicular but not ovarian secretions seemed to influence @entity458 . @entity3147 delayed @entity458 because of a deficiency of @entity251 level in stressed males. It is suggested that @entity53 in females may counteract sexual cranial development and that its inhibitory effect may be additive to the @entity251 deficit evoked by @entity3147 .

title: Variations in sexual dimorphism in the skulls of XXXX subjected to @entity3147 , castration, and treatment with gonadal hormones.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['malnourished males']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sexual cranial dimorphism']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 telomerase is absent in most normal tissues, but is abnormally activated in all major @entity5 cells. Telomerase enables @entity5 cells to maintain telomere length, allowing indefinite replicative capacity. Albeit not sufficient in itself to induce @entity5 , telomerase is believed to be necessary for @entity5 cells to grow without limit. Studies using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) to the RNA component of telomerase or @entity1 @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) demonstrate that telomerase in @entity1 @entity5 lines can be blocked in vivo. Inhibition of @entity2215 led to telomere @entity3207 and @entity5 cell death, validating telomerase as a target for anticancer genetic therapy. Varieties of approaches for @entity2215 inhibition have been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the biological activity of ASODN to the @entity2215 mediated by retrovirus vector, which was used as therapy for @entity43 . We constructed and characterized a recombinant retrovirus vector with full-length @entity2215 antisense complementary DNA. The vector was introduced into ES-2 by @entity496 -mediated gene transfection. The cellular proliferation and telomerase activity of the transformant cells were retarded. The @entity2215 gene expression and the telomerase activity of the transformant cells were both decreased. The transformant cells show partial reversion of the malignant phenotype. @entity19 cells were also transfected with the recombinant vector and virus-producer cells were generated. The retrovirus-containing supernatant effectively inhibited the growth of @entity1 @entity43 xenografts in @entity19 models ( @entity5 model), and enhanced the @entity19 survival time. @entity5 Gene Therapy advance online publication, 8 January 2016; doi:10.1038/cgt.2015.64.

title: Inhibition of XXXX @entity2215 in vivo and in vitro for retroviral vector-based antisense oligonucleotide therapy in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'subcutaneous tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['hTERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

entities_list: @entity496 :: ('MESH:C086724', 'Chemical') :: ['lipofectamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the difference in signal intensity on @entity18497 -enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images between normal and cirrhotic livers in @entity35 as correlated with the expressions of the transporters of @entity18497 and the morphopathologic change in bile canaliculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional animal review board approval was received prior to the commencement of all studies. Fifteen @entity35 received @entity7008 ( @entity2796 ) in their drinking water for 12 weeks to induce @entity1575 . As a control, 15 @entity35 were given normal water. After 12 weeks, seven @entity35 in the @entity2796 group and seven @entity35 in the control group underwent @entity18497 -enhanced MR imaging (0.025 mmol @entity2287 per kilogram of body weight). Five @entity35 in each group were used for comparison of transporter ( @entity21997 [ @entity21997 ] and @entity21998 [ @entity21998 ]) activities. Three @entity35 in each group were used for morphologic examination. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Signal enhancement of the liver in the @entity2796 group significantly decreased in comparison with that in the control group, although the signal enhancement of the kidney in both groups was almost identical. The @entity21997 and @entity21998 activities were as follows: 2.17 +/- 0.71 (standard deviation) for @entity21997 in the @entity2796 group, 2.58 +/- 0.35 for @entity21997 in the control group, 3.37 +/- 1.04 for @entity21998 in the @entity2796 group, and 0.93 +/- 0.34 for @entity21998 in the control group (P = .175 for @entity21997 , P = .009 for @entity21998 ). At morphologic examination, enlargement of bile canaliculi and @entity1373 or elongation of microvilli were observed in the @entity2796 group. CONCLUSION: Findings showed that @entity1575 promotes the elimination of @entity18497 mediated by @entity21998 ; therefore, @entity21998 up-regulation may explain the significant signal intensity loss noted on @entity18497 -enhanced MR images in the @entity35 . In addition, the up-regulation of @entity21998 may be accompanied by morphologic changes in bile canaliculi and microvilli.

title: Cirrhotic XXXX liver: reference to transporter activity and morphologic changes in bile canaliculi-- @entity18497 -enhanced MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoxetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity21998 :: ('25303(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['multidrug resistance-associated protein 2', 'mrp2']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity21997 :: ('50572(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['oatp1', 'organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 53 @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 recurrent after initial treatment were entered into a phase II trial of the @entity1259 , @entity1499 and @entity1732 ( @entity18794 ) combination. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the activity of this combination. Compliance to EMB and the possible non-cross-resistance to previous @entity900 -containing chemotherapy were secondary objectives. In order to avoid @entity1 selection bias, the study involved randomisation between EMB and a @entity900 - @entity1499 - @entity1732 ( @entity18795 ) combination (with EMB: @entity18795 = 2:1). 23 out of 53 (43% +/- 13) EMB @entity1 showed an objective response, lasting a median of 12 (range 4-39) weeks; interestingly, 5 out of 14 (36% +/- 25) @entity1 pretreated with @entity900 plus @entity1487 responded to EMB. The treatment compliance was good and a median of three courses was delivered. No @entity1 refused the treatment after the initial cycle. @entity1431 (47%) and @entity3136 (42%) were the main side effects. @entity18795 produced a response rate of 33% +/- 18 with a median duration of 5 (4-13) weeks. None of the @entity1 previously treated with @entity900 plus @entity1487 responded. 5 @entity1 refused the treatment after the first cycle and a median of two cycles (0-5) was delivered. In conclusion, EMB produced results similar to @entity900 -containing regimens, with a mild to moderate @entity137 and a good compliance; the possible non cross-resistance with @entity900 plus @entity1487 deserves further evaluation.

title: XXXX , @entity1499 and @entity1732 in the management of recurrent @entity135 . A GSTTC randomised phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['Epirubicin']


abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ) is a potent modulator of cell growth in many systems. In normal @entity35 kidney (NRK) fibroblasts, @entity1810 synergizes with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimulate growth in soft agar, a characteristic of the transformed phenotype. Many biochemical effects of @entity1810 occur at the cell surface. Increased binding of EGF and synthesis of extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin and collagen are primary responses of NRK cells to @entity1810 . Although specific membrane receptors for @entity1810 have been identified, the mechanism of action of this factor is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that @entity1810 enhances the expression of the EGF receptor in NRK cells through an increase in the level of EGF receptor gene transcripts. Analysis of nuclear run-off transcription levels and mRNA half-lives indicate that the elevation in EGF-receptor mRNA results from an increase in the rate of transcription. Dose-response and kinetic studies suggest that the EGF receptor response to @entity1810 is biphasic, possibly resulting from the action of multiple @entity1810 receptors. @entity1810 also elevates the levels of fibronectin and tubulin transcripts in NRK cells; however, the mechanism differs for each gene. The increase in fibronectin mRNA in response to @entity1810 results from an increased rate of gene transcription. Tubulin mRNA levels, in contrast, appear to be post-transcriptionally regulated. These results implicate @entity1810 as a transcriptional activator of the genes for both the EGF receptor and fibronectin and suggest the two genes may be regulated through a common pathway in this cell type.

title: Transforming growth factor-beta increases transcription of the genes encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor and fibronectin in normal XXXX kidney fibroblasts.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In a prospective study lasting 6 months, we recorded on video 108 @entity410 with aura of 23 @entity1 in an attempt to evaluate the mechanisms involved in the encoding of memories. In 88 of those @entity410 , we also recorded an EEG. The percentage of auras remembered decreased significantly with increasing severity of the @entity410 . The recollection of auras was also significantly dependent on the ictal EEG changes during the aura. Ninety-seven percent of the auras without EEG changes, 94% of the auras with unilateral EEG changes, and 73% of the auras with bilateral EEG changes during the aura were remembered. The spread of the ictal EEG pattern during the aura also showed a significant correlation with the severity of the ensuing @entity410 . Three @entity1 with @entity302 made up a considerable proportion of those who never remembered their aura before secondary generalized @entity410 (2 of 3) and of those who had a transient postictal @entity2730 of their aura (2 of 3). The only @entity1 who failed to remember a previously documented isolated aura also suffered from @entity302 . During the second part of the study, we questioned whether information provided during the history could be helpful in defining the type of @entity302 or localizing the EEG @entity410 pattern of the 80 @entity1 who had been admitted for presurgical @entity302 diagnosis. Localized (regional, unilateral, and independent left and right lateral) EEG @entity410 patterns occurred in 82% of the 51 @entity1 with auras in their history as compared with 24% of the 17 @entity1 who did not have auras in their history (p < 0.01).

title: XXXX of the @entity302 aura.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy syndrome', 'bitemporal epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity2730 :: (MESH:D000647,Disease) :: ['Amnesia']


abstract: @entity347 ( @entity347 ) crossmatch trays are used by members of the South-Eastern Organ Procurement Foundation (SEOPF) to facilitate sharing of cadaver kidneys for highly sensitized @entity1 . @entity347 trays carry a single representative serum sample from over 900 @entity1 with panel reactive antibody (PRA) levels of greater than or equal to 60%. Trays are centrally prepared periodically and distributed to member laboratories where they are used for preliminary crossmatching against locally obtained donors. Crossmatching results are used in conjunction with the SEOPF computer match program for sharing of kidneys. Proficiency testing studies by the 40-member laboratories show a greater than 90% concordance rate on results with these highly and broadly reactive sera. Data were available from 3 centers on 74 kidneys shared between SEOPF-member institutions on the basis of a remote, preliminary, negative @entity347 tray crossmatch. Of these, 44 (59%) crossmatched negative locally with the same and other sera, and were thus considered acceptable to be transplanted to the intended highly sensitized @entity1 . Sixteen (22%) donors had a positive crossmatch locally, but with sera other than that present on the @entity347 tray used for screening. In 14 cases (19%) the same serum as on the @entity347 tray gave a positive crossmatch. The majority of @entity347 tray inconsistencies appeared to be due to use of more sensitive crossmatching techniques at the recipient center. Of the 27 @entity1 transplanted at these 3 centers with kidneys received on the basis of @entity347 tray results, none experienced hyperacute or early irreversible rejection and actual graft survival at 6-48 months is 74%. These studies indicate that regional sharing of @entity1 sera by the existing network of histocompatibility testing laboratories is an effective and reliable mechanism to identify crossmatch-negative donors for highly sensitized @entity1 .

title: Use of SEOPF regional crossmatch trays to share kidneys for sensitized XXXX . Local experience of three centers.

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['ROP', 'Regional organ procurement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To examine control rates for predominantly @entity976 treated with intracavitary @entity3151 -32 (P-32). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 22 @entity1 with predominantly @entity976 were treated at Indiana University between October 1997 and December 2006. Nineteen @entity1 with follow-up of at least 6 months were evaluated. The median @entity1 age was 11 years, median cyst volume was 9 ml, a median dose of 300 Gy was prescribed to the cyst wall, and median follow-up was 62 months. RESULTS: Overall cyst control rate after the initial P-32 treatment was 67%. @entity5 control after P-32 was 42%. Kaplan-Meier 1-, 3-, and 5-year initial freedom-from-progression rates were 68%, 49%, and 31%, respectively. Following salvage therapy, the Kaplan-Meier 1-, 3-, and 5-year ultimate freedom-from-progression rates were 95%, 95%, and 86%, respectively. All @entity1 were alive at the last follow-up. Visual function was stable or improved in 81% when compared prior to P-32 therapy. Pituitary function remained stable in 74% of @entity1 following P-32 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Intracystic P-32 can be an effective and tolerable treatment for controlling cystic components of @entity976 as a primary treatment or after prior therapies, but frequently allows for progression of solid @entity5 components. Disease progression in the form of solid @entity5 progression, re-accumulation of cystic fluid, or development of new cysts may require further radiotherapy or surgical intervention for optimal long-term disease control.

title: @entity3151 -32 therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'cystic craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Complete tumor']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['cystic craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies in @entity1 suggest that a decrease in daily @entity25 duration is associated with reduced lifespan, but this issue remains controversial. Other studies in @entity1 also show that both @entity25 quantity and @entity25 decrease with age. @entity238 is a useful model to study aging and @entity25 , and inheriting mutations affecting the @entity972 current Shaker results in flies that @entity25 less and have a shorter lifespan. However, whether the link between short @entity25 and reduced longevity exists also in wild-type flies is unknown. Similarly, it is unknown whether such a link depends on @entity25 amount per se, rather than on other factors such as waking activity. Also, @entity25 has been shown to decrease in old flies, but it remains unclear whether aging-related @entity1949 is a generalized phenomenon. RESULTS: We compared 3 @entity25 mutant lines (Hk1, HkY and Hk2) carrying a mutation in @entity71 , which codes for the beta subunit of the Shaker channel, to wild-type siblings throughout their entire lifespan (all flies kept at 20 degrees C). Hk1 and HkY mutants were @entity25 relative to wild-type controls from day 3 after eclosure, and Hk2 flies became @entity25 about two weeks later. All 3 Hk mutant lines had reduced lifespan relative to wild-type flies. Total @entity25 time showed a trend to increase in all lines with age, but the effect was most pronounced in Hk1 and HkY flies. In both mutant and wild-type lines @entity25 did not decay with age, but the strong preference for @entity25 at night declined @entity1021 in "middle age". Using Cox regression analysis we found that in Hk1 and HkY mutants and their control lines there was a negative relationship between total @entity25 amount during the first 2 and 4 weeks of age and hazard (individual risk of @entity204 ), while no association was found in Hk2 flies and their wild-type controls. Hk1 and HkY mutants and their control lines also showed an association between total daily wake activity over the first 2 and 4 weeks of age and hazard. However, when both @entity25 duration and wake activity were used in the same regression, the effects of activity were much reduced, while most of the @entity25 effects remained significant. Finally, Hk1 flies and wild-type siblings were also tested at 25 degrees C, and results were similar to those at 20 degrees C. Namely, Hk1 mutants were @entity25 , hyperactive, and short lived relative to controls, and @entity25 in both groups did not decrease with age. CONCLUSIONS: Different Hk mutations affect the @entity25 phenotype, and do so in an age-dependent manner. In 4 of the 6 lines tested @entity25 associates significantly with lifespan variation even after any effect of activity is removed, but activity does not associate significantly with lifespan after the effects of @entity25 are removed. Thus, in addition to environmental factors and genetic background, @entity25 may also affect longevity. Sleep quality does not necessarily decay as flies age, suggesting that aging-related @entity1949 may also depend on many factors, including genetic background and rearing conditions.

title: Sleep, aging, and lifespan in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['short sleepers', 'sleep quality', 'sleep', 'short sleeping']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperkinetic']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: We have previously reported that hyberbaric @entity26 (HBO) improved the survival rate of experimental free flaps. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of combined @entity2332 and HBO administered during storage on free flaps and on the @entity3624 oxidase system in @entity35 . Epigastric skin flaps were stored cold for 48 and 72 hours either in room air or under HBO (2.9 atmospheres absolute, 100% @entity26 ) before free flap transfer. The success rates of free flaps were 80% (8/10) after 48 hours and 20% (2/10) after 72 hours of cold storage in room air. HBO produced no effect after 48 hours but significantly increased the success rate to 70% (7/10) after 72 hours of cold storage. Tissue @entity3625 (plus @entity3624 ) levels increased to 210% of normal after 48 hours of cold storage in room air and to 176% in HBO. Elevated @entity3625 levels returned toward normal by 72 hours of cold storage in room air, while the increased levels remained under HBO. @entity3624 oxidase activities significantly increased by 60 to 80% during 72 hours of room air storage. HBO treatment inhibited @entity3624 oxidase activity to 48% of normal by 72 hours of storage. Free flaps exhibited no significant alterations in GR and G6PDH activity after 48 hours of cold storage in room air or HBO. After 72 hours of cold storage, the room air control displayed a trend of decreasing GR activity and a significant 20% decrease in G6PDH activity, while HBO groups showed no significant alterations in both GR and G6PDH activity compared to normal. Protection of the antioxidative enzymes by @entity2332 and inhibition of the @entity3624 oxidase activity by HBO appear to be one of the mechanisms of improved skin flap survival in free flaps.

title: Effects of combined cold and hyperbaric XXXX storage on free flap survival.

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['Xanthine', 'xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 are rare and complex to treat. Long-term angiographic and clinical data after microsurgical or endovascular therapies are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and radiographic outcomes in @entity439 in @entity4806 @entity1 treated with microsurgery. METHODS: Between 1989 and 2005, 48 @entity1 <or= 18 years of age (28 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 ; mean age, 12.3 years) were treated for @entity438 . @entity1 charts were reviewed retrospectively for age, presentation, type and location of @entity439 (s), surgical approach, complications, and clinical and angiographic outcomes. Rates of @entity439 recurrence and de novo formation were calculated. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity439 were treated. Presentations included incidental @entity439 (35%), @entity510 (17%), @entity64 (13%), and @entity510 (10%). Location was anterior circulation in 76% and posterior circulation in 24%. Twenty-eight (39%) were fusiform/dissecting, and 16 (23%) were giant. Most @entity439 were clipped directly. A vascular bypass with @entity432 was used to treat 13 @entity439 (18%). Hypothermic circulatory arrest was used to treat 10 @entity439 (14%), all involving the basilar artery. The perioperative morbidity rate was 25%. There were no deaths. The long-term morbidity rate was 14%, and the mortality rate was 3%. Clinical outcome was favorable in 92% and 94% at discharge and follow-up, respectively (mean, 59 months; median, 32 months). At angiographic follow-up (mean, 53 months; median, 32 months), the annual recurrence rate was 2.6%, and the annual rate of de novo formation or growth was 7.8%. CONCLUSION: @entity439 require complex microsurgical techniques to achieve favorable outcomes. They leave higher rates of recurrence and de novo formation or growth than their adult counterparts, which mandates lifelong follow-up.

title: Microsurgical treatment of @entity4806 XXXX : long-term angiographic and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Pediatric aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['parent-vessel occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several sensitive assays, including the PCR-invader method (structure-specific 5' nuclease-based method), have been used to detect @entity470 mutations in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, validation has not been reported. We assessed the detection rate of @entity470 mutation by the PCR-invader method and direct sequencing using same clinical specimens. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity470 mutations were analyzed with the PCR-invader method and compared with direct sequencing using paraffin tissues and @entity1143 from @entity1149 @entity1 . The relationships between the treatment responses and mutations were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifty-four samples from 42 @entity1149 @entity1 were studied. @entity470 mutations were identified in 52% of the @entity1 and 52% of the samples with the PCR-invader method, but only in 43% of the @entity1 and in 35% of the samples by direct sequencing. In the samples obtained from the same @entity1 at different sites and different times, @entity470 mutations were coincident in nine out of ten @entity1 by the PCR-invader method but in six out of ten @entity1 by direct sequencing. Seventeen @entity1 with @entity470 mutations were treated with @entity4562 ; the response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 41 and 94%, and median treatment duration was more than 6  months. Seven @entity470 mutation-negative @entity1 were treated with @entity4562 ; the RR and DCR were 0 and 14%, and median treatment duration was 1  month. CONCLUSION: The PCR-invader method was useful for detecting @entity470 mutations in clinical @entity2 specimens and is more sensitive than direct sequencing.

title: The PCR-invader method (structure-specific 5' nuclease-based method), a sensitive method for detecting @entity470 gene mutations in XXXX specimens; comparison with direct sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural and pericardial effusions']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze long-term results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for @entity1714 and myopic @entity940 . METHODS: This retrospective study included 15 eyes of 8 @entity1 who were examined annually for 5 years after PRK. The Nidek EC-5000 laser with an ablation zone of 5.0 mm was used. Evaluations included spherical equivalent manifest refraction, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), corneal haze, and corneal @entity940 calculated by Fourier analysis of videokeratography data. RESULTS: A tendency toward myopic regression was most evident within the first postoperative year, with manifest refraction changing from +0.80 +/- 1.62 D at 1 week to -0.45 +/- 0.70 D at 1 year postoperatively (P = .007). Regression continued after the second postoperative year. There was a statistically significant difference between manifest refraction at 2 years (-0.36 +/- 0.75 D) and 5 years (-1.11 +/- 1.12 D) (P = .002). Postoperative UCVA stabilized from 3 months up to 3 years, but slightly deteriorated at 4 years and thereafter due to the myopic refractive shift. BSCVA remained stable throughout the 5-year follow-up period. Several eyes developed mild corneal haze after surgery, but haze was minimal in the majority of @entity1 by 1 year and continued to fade over time. The asymmetry component of the @entity267 significantly increased after surgery, with all postoperative values significantly higher than before PRK (P < .05). Higher order irregularity increased after surgery, with a statistically significant difference between preoperative and 1 year postoperative (P < .05), but values after 2 years were not different from preoperative baseline. CONCLUSION: Fifteen eyes with a baseline refraction of -3.00 to -9.00 D had PRK with the Nidek EC-5000 laser and a 5-mm-diameter ablation zone. Myopic regression occurred in the first year, with continued mild regression of approximately -0.75 D between 2 and 5 years. Nevertheless, the results show the procedure was relatively safe and effective in this group.

title: Five-year follow-up of photorefractive keratectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of venous involvement and @entity5 thrombus level in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) remains highly controversial. In 2010, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union International Centre le Cancer (UICC) revised the @entity1358 staging system (7th edition) based on @entity5 thrombus level, differentiating the @entity5 limited to renal-vein-only involvement. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the impact of @entity5 thrombus extension in a multi-institutional cohort of @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : An international consortium of 11 institutions was established to retrospectively review a combined cohort of 1215 @entity1 undergoing radical nephrectomy and @entity5 thrombectomy for @entity1358 , including 585 @entity1 with inferior vena cava (IVC) involvement or higher. MEASUREMENTS: Predictive factors of survival, including histology, @entity5 thrombus level, nodal status, Fuhrman grade, and @entity5 size, were analysed. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 1122 @entity1 with complete data were reviewed. The median follow-up for all @entity1 was 24.7 mo, with a median survival of 33.8 mo. The 5-yr survival was 43.2% (renal vein involvement), 37% (IVC below the diaphragm), and 22% with caval involvement above the diaphragm. On multivariate analysis, @entity5 size (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.64 [range: 1.03-2.59]; p=0.036), Fuhrman grade (HR: 2.26 [range: 1.65-3.1]; p=0.000), nodal @entity3 (HR: 1.32 [range: 1.09-1.67]; p=0.005), and @entity5 thrombus level (HR: 2.10 [range: 1.53-3.0]; p=0.00) correlated independently with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Based on analysis of the largest known cohort of @entity1 with @entity1358 along with IVC and @entity715 , @entity5 thrombus level is an independent predictor of survival. Our findings support the changes to the latest AJCC/UICC staging system.

title: Prognostic impact of the 2009 UICC/AJCC TNM staging system for XXXX with venous extension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T stage of tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial thrombus involvement']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: There are no clinically efficacious drugs available for preventing the development of @entity3794 ( @entity3794 ). In the present study, we tested the antifibrotic potential of @entity3131 (PD) in the @entity1732 (BL) hamster model of @entity3794 . Hamsters were intratracheally instilled with isotonic saline solution or BL (7.5 U/kg/5 ml). The animals were fed control diet containing 0.5% PD or the same diet without the drug 2 days before and throughout the study. The four groups were as follows: saline-instilled and fed the control diet ( @entity5099 ); saline-instilled and fed the same diet containing PD (SPD); BL-instilled and fed the control diet ( @entity6568 ); and BL-instilled and fed the same diet containing PD (BPD). The animals were killed at 21 days after intratracheal instillation and their lungs processed for various assays. The lung @entity720 levels, an index of @entity3794 , in @entity5099 , SPD, @entity6568 , and BPD groups were 949, 970, 1759, and 990 micrograms/lung, respectively. The SOD activity and @entity1234 equivalent levels in the corresponding groups were 443, 524, 612, and 499 units/lung and 56, 49, 108, and 63 nmol/lung, respectively. The lung @entity10783 hydroxylase activities in the SPD, @entity6568 , and BPD groups were 87%, 147%, and 93% of the control ( @entity5099 ) group (4.2 x 10(4) dpm/lung/30 minutes), respectively. The lung myeloperoxidase activities were 97%, 236%, and 159% of the control group (0.73 units/lung), respectively. BL alone caused significant increases in all the biochemical markers of @entity358 , and dietary intake of PD minimized the @entity137 as reflected by significant decreases in all the above markers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Dietary intake of @entity3131 ameliorates XXXX -induced lung fibrosis in hamsters.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['BL toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis', 'PF']

entities_list: @entity3131 :: ('MESH:C093844', 'Chemical') :: ['pirfenidone']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity96 (ALPPS) has recently been developed to induce rapid liver @entity1184 and reduce post-hepatectomy @entity1578 in @entity1 with insufficient future liver remnant (FLR). ALPPS is still considered to be in an early developmental phase because surgical indications and techniques have not been standardized. This article aimed to review the current role and future developments of ALPPS. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed for articles from January 2007 to October 2016 using the keywords "associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy" and "ALPPS". Additional papers were identified by a manual search of references from key articles. RESULTS: ALPPS induces more @entity1184 of the FLR in less time than portal vein embolization or portal vein ligation. The benefits of ALPPS include rapid @entity1184 47%-110% of the liver over a median of 6-16.4 days, and 95%-100% completion rate of the second stage of ALPPS. The main criticisms of ALPPS are centered on its high morbidity and mortality rates. Morbidity rates after ALPPS have been reported to be 15.3%-100%, with >=  the Clavien-Dindo grade III morbidity of 13.6%-44%. Mortality rates have been reported to be 0%-29%. The important questions to ask even if oncologic long-term results are acceptable are: whether the gain in quality and quantity of life can be off balance by the substantial risks of morbidity and mortality, and whether stimulation of rapid liver @entity1184 also accelerates rapid @entity5 progression and spread. Up till now, the documentations of the ALPPS procedure come mainly from case series, and most of these series include heterogeneous groups of @entity5 . The numbers are also too small to separately evaluate survival for different @entity5 etiologies. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, knowledge on ALPPS is limited, and prospective randomized studies are lacking. From the reported preliminary results, safety of the ALPPS procedure remains questionable. ALPPS should only be used in experienced, high-volume hepatobiliary centers.

title: XXXX : the current role and development.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy']


abstract: Despite the well described infiltration of cells of the cellular immune system in @entity75 and the @entity738 formation in @entity1 with @entity2883 , the role of T cell-mediated @entity792 in @entity2883 is not clear. Reports of T cell proliferation in response to neutrophil azurophilic granule proteins are contradictory. In this study we have assessed the proliferation of T cells of @entity2883 @entity1 to purified @entity7134 ( @entity7134 ) and to total azurophilic granule proteins in two different assays. In addition to the classical proliferation assay with isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we have used a whole blood proliferation assay. In both assays we found proliferative responses to @entity7134 in @entity1 with @entity2883 . The number of @entity1 reacting to the azurophilic granule extract was higher than the @entity1 reacting to the purified @entity7134 , suggesting that other @entity18520 may also be involved. We have identified epitopes of @entity7134 that may be potential targets of class I-restricted T cell responses in the context of HLA-A*0201, the most common MHC class I molecule. These epitopes were determined by the binding of synthetic @entity7134 peptides to HLA-A*0201 on the antigen-processing defective cell line, T2. In addition, T cell lines were established from tissue biopsies, obtained from @entity2883 @entity1 , and assessed for cytolytic reactivity against T2 cells, preloaded with synthetic @entity7134 peptides. We conclude that T lymphocytes of @entity2883 @entity1 have increased proliferative responses to purified @entity7134 and to a larger extent to non-fractionated proteins of azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocytes (PMN).

title: Cell-mediated @entity792 in @entity1 with @entity2883 ( XXXX )

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic lesions']

entities_list: @entity18520 :: ('MESH:D001324', 'Chemical') :: ['autoantigens']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['WG']


abstract: Omentumectomy as a basic surgical method at the site of @entity3 of @entity43 was examined, and the importance of total omentumectomy was evaluated. Nineteen @entity1 who underwent initial laparotomy and did not receive preoperative chemotherapy were examined histopathologically. 1. Omental @entity3 was found in 9 of 19 @entity1 (47%). 2. No significant correlation was seen between the maximum @entity5 diameter and @entity3 . 3. No significant correlation was seen between the amount of @entity843 and @entity3 . 4. Cytodiagnosis of the @entity843 and intraperitoneal lavage fluid showed significantly more @entity3 in @entity1 who tested positive. 5. Omentum in the upward direction from the teniae of the transverese colon showed a high incidence of @entity3 . 6. @entity86 associated with total omentumectomy were mild. These results indicated that the omentum is the principle site of @entity3 of @entity43 , and omentumectomy should be performed as total resection whenever possible since @entity3 occurs in the upward direction because partial resection is not significant and postoperative disturbance is mild but there is the need for requiring further examination in the case of Ia stage.

title: [Clinical study on total omentumectomy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative disturbances']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'omental metastasis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']