abstract: PROBLEM: @entity6 is a major, growing health problem often managed in primary care but with suboptimal control of risk factors. DESIGN: A large-scale quality improvement collaborative implemented in seven waves. SETTING: General practices and Aboriginal medical services across Australia. KEY MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT: Percentage of @entity1 in each health service with haemoglobin @entity3916 (HbA1C), total @entity165 and blood pressure at target. STRATEGY FOR CHANGE: Health services attended three 2-day workshops, separated by 3-month activity periods and followed by 12 months of further improvement work. Local collaborative program managers supported teams to report measures and plan/do/study/act (PDSA) cycles monthly. Health services received feedback about changes in their measures in comparison with their wave. EFFECTS OF CHANGE: 743 health services participated in seven waves between 2004 and 2009 serving approximately 150,000 @entity1 with @entity6 . Mean numbers of @entity1 at target HbA1c levels improved by 50% from 25% at baseline to 38% at month 18. Lipid and blood pressure measures showed similar improvement. LESSONS LEARNT: Engagement in the Program and results demonstrated that the collaborative methodology is transferable to Australian primary care. The results may reflect improved data recording and disease coding, and changes in clinical care. Internal evaluation should be built into improvement projects from the start to facilitate improvements and reporting. Enthusing, training and resourcing practice teams appeared to be the key to rapid change. Local support of practice teams was instrumental in improvement. Early investment to facilitate automatic measure collection ensured good data reporting.

title: The Australian Primary Care Collaboratives Program: improving XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early detection of local recurrences following stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for @entity2 may allow for curative salvage treatment, but recurrence can be difficult to distinguish from @entity82 . We studied the clinical performance of CT imaging high-risk features (HRFs) for detecting local recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 treated with SABR for early stage @entity2 between 2003 and 2012 who developed pathology-proven local recurrence (n=12) were matched 1:2 to @entity1 without recurrences (n=24), based on baseline factors. Serial CT images were assessed by blinded radiation oncologists. Previously reported HRFs were (1) enlarging @entity231 at primary site; (2) sequential enlarging @entity231 ; (3) enlarging @entity231 after 12-months; (4) bulging margin; (5) loss of linear margin and (6) air bronchogram loss. RESULTS: All HRFs were significantly associated with local recurrence (p<0.01), and one new HRF was identified: cranio-caudal growth (p<0.001). The best individual predictor of local recurrence was @entity231 after 12-months (100% sensitivity, 83% specificity, p<0.001). The odds of recurrence increased 4-fold for each additional HRF detected. The presence of >= 3 HRFs was highly sensitive and specific for recurrence (both >90%). CONCLUSION: The systematic assessment of post-SABR CT images for HRFs enables the accurate prediction of local recurrence.

title: High-risk CT features for detection of local recurrence after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacity', 'opacity enlargement']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2416 is the most devastating fibrotic @entity401 which remains refractory to pharmacological therapies. Therefore, novel treatments are urgently required. @entity14604 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that mediates critical signalling pathways in pathology and physiology. @entity1732 -induced @entity82 has been shown to be diminished in @entity14604 -deficient @entity19 . The purpose of this study is to investigate whether pharmacological @entity14604 inhibition is a potential therapeutic option to combat @entity3794 . METHODS: Pulmonary @entity82 was induced by intranasal instillation of @entity1732 into wild-type @entity19 with or without a specific @entity14604 antagonist (ie, P1pal-12, a pepducin that blocks the @entity14604 /G-protein interaction). @entity82 was assessed by @entity720 analysis, immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR and western blot for fibrotic markers expression. RESULTS: We first show that P1pal-12 effectively inhibits @entity14604 -induced profibrotic responses in fibroblasts. Next, we show that once daily treatment with 0.5, 2.5 or 10 mg/kg P1pal-12 reduced the severity and extent of @entity75 in a dose-dependent manner. These findings correlated with significant decreases in fibronectin, collagen and a smooth muscle actin expression at the mRNA and protein level in treated @entity19 . To further establish the potential clinical applicability of @entity14604 inhibition, we analysed @entity82 in @entity19 treated with P1pal-12 1 or 7 days after @entity1732 instillation. Interestingly, when administered 7 days after the induction of @entity82 , P1pal-12 was as effective in limiting the development of @entity3794 as when administration was started before @entity1732 instillation. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, targeting @entity14604 may be a promising treatment for @entity3794 .

title: Targeting protease activated receptor-1 with P1pal-12 limits XXXX -induced @entity3794 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis', 'fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse parenchymal lung disease']

entities_list: @entity14604 :: ('14062(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1', 'PAR-1']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intussusception is invagination of a proximal segment of bowel into the distal segment in telescopic manner. Although intussusception is common among @entity1 , intussusception secondary to @entity46 in an adult is a very rare encounter. We present such a case of intussusception in a Sri Lankan female. CASE PRESENTATION: A 43 year old Sri Lankan female presented to the surgical casualty unit with features of a subacute @entity1321 . Her past surgical and medical histories were unremarkable. On examination she was haemodynamically stable with distended abdomen and there was generalized tenderness. There was no guarding or @entity2003 . No masses were palpable. Bowel sounds were increased. Her urine was negative for @entity1 Chorionic Gonadotrophin hormone. Full blood count revealed an increased white blood cell count with predominant number of neutrophils. Plain abdominal X- @entity16039 film showed dilated small bowel loops with empty rectum and distal colon. @entity1 underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy. An annular growth at terminal ileum was noted. Proximal bowel loops were distended. There was no free fluid in the abdomen. Ileo caecal @entity378 was suspected and right hemicolectomy was performed. Uterus and bilateral ovaries appeared normal. Post surgical recovery was uneventful. The pathologist has noted @entity46 of terminal ileum contributing to the stricture formation and intussusception at the site. Following recovery @entity1 was referred to a Gynaecologist for management of @entity46 . CONCLUSION: Though @entity46 is a very rare cause of intussusception it is important to consider the possibility of it, especially when a female @entity1 of reproductive age presents with symptoms and signs of @entity1321 .

title: Terminal ilial intussusception in an adult due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'Patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['terminal ileal endometriosis', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: The neovascularisation was investigated in 51 rectus abdominis myocutaneous island flaps (1.5 x 3.0 cm) in @entity35 (Uje: WIST) following ligation of the pedicle vessels (superior epigastric artery and vein) without and with incision of the @entity8668 . The ligation was done on the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th postoperative day. The efficiency of the neovascularisation was estimated quantitatively on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after vascular ligation by measurement of the @entity39 flap tissue. The findings are expressed in percent of the whole flap area. Vascular pedicle ligation on the 3rd or 4th postoperative day caused an average @entity39 rate of 98% and 84% respectively. No flap survived in these experimental group. In case of pedicle vessel occlusion on the 5th postoperative day without incision of the @entity8668 all myocutaneous flaps survived, partly with focal loss of the epidermis. Placing the ligation after incision of the flap border on the 5th day an average @entity39 rate of 34% was found, only 5 out of 11 flaps survived. All flaps (n = 9) remained viable following vascular pedicle ligation on the 7th postoperative day. It seems necessary to observe myocutaneous flaps carefully until the 14th postoperative day, because tissue damages due to vascular pedicle occlusion on the 4th day may become visible not before the 10th or 11th postoperative day. Opening of the myocutaneous flap borders between the 5th and 7th postoperative day should be avoided.

title: [Neovascularization of the myocutaneous rectus abdominis island flap in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['cranial flap border']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: To analyze the efficacy and outcome of colonoscopic resection for @entity14 , we retrospectively reviewed 338 colorectal lesions from 232 @entity1 regarding the clinical profiles, colonoscopic findings, histological findings, complications, and outcome. Morphologically, these lesions were classified into three categories: pedunculated (n = 140), sessile (n = 176); and flat (n = 22). Histological findings of lesions included @entity652 (n = 248), @entity189 in situ (n = 17), @entity189 (n = 2), @entity1127 (n = 57), and inflammatory polyp (n = 14). @entity1313 are generally larger than nonneoplastic lesions (chi2 test, P < 0.05). The incidence of @entity189 was 5.6% of 338 resected lesions. The rate of @entity5 or high-grade @entity1141 in flat @entity1127 was greater than in pedunculated and sessile @entity1127 (13.6 vs 4.54 vs 5.71%; P < 0.05). There were no perforations or deaths after colonoscopic treatment, and only mild @entity548 occured in two @entity1 . To date, 19 @entity1 with early @entity14 were treated successfully by endoscopy with no recurrence or @entity3 . To reduce the incidence and mortality of @entity14 , colonoscopic resection is a simple and safe procedure for removing @entity1313 . Detailed histological examinations are essential to decide the indications of surgery.

title: Endoscopic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyp', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplastic lesions', 'neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplastic lesions', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal polyps and early cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity64 is a prevalent condition found in elderly, rural populations. However, @entity64 education, which can be effective in addressing the risks, is often difficult to provide in these remote regions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of delivering @entity64 education to elderly individuals through telehealth versus in- @entity1 @entity64 prevention education methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design was used in this study. A convenience sample of 11 elderly adults (36% @entity1 , 64% @entity1 ) with a mean age of 70 was selected from an Appalachian Program for All Inclusive Care for the Elderly (day care) facility. Subjects completed preintervention surveys, received a 20-min group in- @entity1 or telehealth delivered education session, and then completed the postintervention surveys. RESULTS: Satisfaction with delivery method and post-education knowledge was equivalent between the two groups. Knowledge increased in both groups after the educational programs. Likelihood of reducing risk factors showed no differences pre-posttest. However, there were significant improvements in the pre-post likelihood scores of the telehealth group in contrast to the in- @entity1 group. CONCLUSIONS: This project provided a rural, high-risk population access to @entity64 education, thus enabling these individuals to receive education at a distance from experts in the field. The telehealth program was found to be equivalent to in- @entity1 @entity64 education in regards to satisfaction, knowledge, and likelihood of making changes to decrease vascular risk factors. The study demonstrated feasibility in providing effective @entity64 education through telehealth, thus suggesting an often overlooked route for providing @entity1 education at a distance.

title: Telehealth XXXX education for rural elderly Virginians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['telehealth stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) exacerbates @entity4854 , which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in various @entity5 populations. By using a retrospective design, we examined incident @entity4854 in @entity3147 and @entity3147 recipients and the associations with clinical events and 5-year survival in a cohort treated for @entity1582 with melphalan and auto- @entity12497 (n=112). Clinical comparisons were made at admission, and 'before' and 'after' initiating @entity3147 to discern differences and temporality. Actual infusion times were used for @entity3147 @entity1 ; time frames based on mean @entity3147 infusion days were created for the @entity3147 recipients. Oral intake was lower 'before' in @entity3147 vs @entity3147 @entity1 (P<0.001); however, no differences in @entity33 , @entity391 , @entity281 or transfusions were detected 'before.' Incident @entity4854 (>= 7.0 mmol/L) was significant 'after' @entity3147 initiation, and @entity3147 recipients experienced delays in WBC (P<0.05) and platelet engraftment (P=0.009), and required significantly greater RBC (P=0.0014) and platelet (P=0.001) support 'after' than @entity3147 @entity1 . @entity221 and longer hospital stay were more frequent among @entity3147 vs @entity3147 recipients (P<0.001). Differences in 5-year mortality were not apparent. The findings fail to support clinical benefits of @entity3147 administration during auto- @entity12497 for @entity1582 . Further study is needed to discern if @entity4854 or feeding per se was deleterious in this @entity1 population.

title: Incident XXXX , parenteral nutrition administration and adverse outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1582 admitted for initial auto- @entity12497 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'Parenteral nutrition', 'non-PN']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the accuracy of single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning and compare its results to clinical examination, Panorex, and computed tomography (CT) scanning with respect to determining mandibular invasion by oral cavity and @entity5 , and to define the role of SPECT scanning in the preoperative assessment of oromandibular @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of 38 @entity1 who underwent technetium 99m SPECT scanning as part of their preoperative clinical assessment for @entity5 at risk of invading the mandible. All @entity1 underwent partial or segmental mandibulectomy as part of their surgical management. METHODS: A data protocol was used to tabulate @entity1 demographics, @entity5 characteristics and results of preoperative tests as @entity1 were enrolled into the study. Following surgical treatment, these data were correlated with histopathological findings. Detailed analysis was performed to assess the tabulated data. RESULTS: The SPECT scanning demonstrated an 87% overall accuracy in predicting @entity3478 compared with 71% for clinical examination, CT scanning, and Panorex x-rays. The SPECT scanning was significantly more sensitive (95%) than either CT scans (55%) or Panorex x-rays (50%). Notably SPECT scanning demonstrated a considerable improvement in specificity (72%) compared with conventional radionuclide scanning. Although not as specific as CT scanning or plain films, SPECT scanning was significantly more effective in ruling out disease than was clinical examination. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative SPECT scanning used in combination with clinical examination, CT scanning, and Panorex x-rays to assess @entity1 at risk for mandible involvement by @entity1697 can improve the accuracy of predicting @entity3478 and help in appropriate treatment planning so as to safely reduce the proportion of disease-free jaws resected.

title: Technetium 99m single positron emission computed tomography scanning for assessing mandible invasion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral cavity cancer']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone invasion']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['oral cavity cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To understand better the mechanism of left ventricular (LV) remodeling related to @entity101 , it is important to evaluate LV function in relation to the changes in loading conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in conventional @entity67 indexes, @entity1002 , and a new index reflecting regional myocardial work assessed noninvasively at rest and during isometric exercise in a random sample including @entity1 with normal blood pressure and those with @entity101 . METHODS: A total of 148 @entity1 (53.4% @entity1 ; mean age, 52.0 years; 39.2% with @entity101 ) underwent simultaneous echocardiographic and arterial data acquisition at rest and during increased afterload (handgrip exercise). End-systolic pressure was determined from the carotid pulse wave. Arterial elastance (Ea) and LV elastance (Ees) were calculated as end-systolic pressure/ @entity64 volume and end-systolic pressure/end-systolic volume. Doppler tissue imaging and two-dimensional speckle tracking were used to derive @entity1002 . Regional myocardial work (ejection work density [EWD]) was the area of the pressure-strain loop during ejection. RESULTS: At rest, with adjustments applied, Ees (3.06 vs 3.71 mm Hg/mL, P = .0003), Ea/Ees (0.54 vs 0.47, P = .002) and EWD (670 vs 802 Pa/m(2), P = .0001) differed significantly between @entity1 with normal blood pressure and those with @entity101 . During handgrip exercise, Ea and Ea/Ees significantly increased (P < .0001) in both groups. Doppler tissue imaging and two-dimensional @entity1002 decreased in @entity1 with @entity101 (P  <= .008). Only in subjects with normal blood pressure EWD significantly increased (+14.7%, P = .0009). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 with @entity101 compared with those with normal blood pressure have increased LV systolic stiffness and regional myocardial work to match arterial load at rest, they might have diminished cardiac reserve to increase myocardial performance, as estimated by EWD during isometric exercise.

title: Impact of @entity101 on XXXX and regional myocardial work at rest and during isometric exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular-arterial coupling']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV strain', 'LV longitudinal strain']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular-arterial coupling']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An extremely rare presentation of an isolated spinal toxoplasmic @entity2443 is described. OBJECTIVE: To draw attention to the fact that spinal arachnoid membranes may be a potential reservoir for @entity3204 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity27775 is a common manifestation in @entity1 who are immunodeficient. Reports on the @entity3252 are rare and focused on @entity602 . METHODS: An adult @entity1 presented with symptoms of @entity3500 that had begun 13 years before admission. Thoracic spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed small lesions in posterior subarachnoid space at Th7-Th8. A Th7-Th8 laminectomy was performed. Intradural-extramedullary lesions were excised. RESULTS: Clinical, immunologic, and pathologic examinations showed adhesive @entity5942 associated with osteoid formation caused by past @entity281 . There was no impairment of the immunologic defense system. CONCLUSION: Where no causative factor is found in serious @entity5942 , the possibility of @entity3252 should also be investigated.

title: Spinal toxoplasmic XXXX associated with osteoid formation: a rare presentation of @entity3252 .

entities_list: @entity27775 :: ('MESH:D016781', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord involvement']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmic infection']

entities_list: @entity5942 :: ('MESH:C531624', 'Disease') :: ['spinal arachnoiditis', 'spinal adhesive arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['spinal toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoiditis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity2443 :: (MESH:D001100,Disease) :: ['arachnoiditis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if mutations in @entity24816 ( @entity24816 ) are associated with @entity503 / @entity6383 @entity989 . METHODS: DNA from eight @entity1 with @entity503 or @entity6383 @entity989 was studied. Controls were 80 individuals over age 65 years with normal retinal examinations. Ophthalmoscopy, color vision testing, visual fields, retinal photography, and @entity941 angiography were performed on the eight @entity1 . Direct DNA sequencing of the exons and flanking intronic regions of the @entity24816 gene was completed for all @entity1 . RESULTS: Clinical evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of @entity503 / @entity6383 @entity989 and excluded @entity6119 in each @entity1 . Two @entity1 had heterozygous @entity24816 missense mutations previously associated with @entity6119 . None of the controls had these missense mutations. Three other @entity1 had other missense polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: Some individuals who have @entity24816 mutations may be predisposed to develop @entity989 when exposed to @entity503 / @entity6383 . We urge further study of a larger cohort of @entity1 with @entity503 / @entity6383 @entity989 .

title: Analysis of the @entity24816 ( @entity24816 ) gene in 4-aminoquinoline @entity989 : is @entity989 by @entity503 and XXXX related to @entity6119 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal toxicity', 'retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity6119 :: ('MESH:C580470', 'Disease') :: ['Stargardt disease']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity6383 :: (MESH:D006886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxychloroquine']


abstract: @entity35 were subjected to 25 min of unilateral @entity432 and were studied at 5, 15, and 30 min and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hr following @entity63 . The patterns of epithelial injury and repair in proximal tubule (PT) segments S1, S2, and S3 were followed, and associated changes in renal function were determined. We found that S1 and S2 cells alike are only reversibly injured and recover completely to normalcy within 4 hr, whereas S3 cells selectively undergo progressive cell injury and @entity204 and are exfoliated into tubular lumina. The necrotic S3 cells are replaced by mitotic division of survivor cells 24 to 48 hr following the @entity63 insult. In addition, there was selective damage within tubular cells. Wiithin 5 min of blood reflow following @entity63 , the majority of brush border microvilli (MV) in all three PT segments underwent coalescence by membrane fusion and thus were interiorized into the cytoplasm of PT cells. A minority of MV fragmented and were shed into PT lumina, but @entity3885 by shed membranes was only mild and transient, unlike in the 1-hr @entity63 model. Loss of MV reached a maximum of 15 min. By 30 min, MV began to reappear; by 2 hr, large numbers of MV had been regenerated; and by 4 hr, S1 and S2 cells appeared normal. The regenerative process included the luminal repositioning of previously interiorized MV membrane. MV regeneration occurred in S3 segments also, but before the process was complete, the cells developed features of irreversible cellular injury. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 22% of control at 30 min of reflow, rose progressively to 55% of normal by 7 to 8 hr, and was normal at 24 hr. Single nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) was not significantly different from normal throughout. Proximal tubular @entity1372 reabsorption was depressed and urinary @entity1372 excretion increased at 30 min and at 2 to 3 hr, i.e., at times when MV alterations were prominent, but both were normal by 7 to 8 hr when MV in S1 and S2 cells had been fully reconstituted. Our major conclusions are: 1) There is differential susceptibility by cell type to @entity63 in @entity35 PT. 2) A rapid brush border loss/regeneration cycle occurs after @entity63 . 3) Intact brush border may be required for normal @entity1372 reabsorption by PT. Reasons for the GFR/SNGFR discrepancy are unclear, but tubular malfunction may partly explain the phenomenon.

title: Ischemic damage and repair in the XXXX proximal tubule: differences among the S1, S2, and S3 segments.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['nephron obstruction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prediction of @entity1374 with fine needle aspiration cytology or individual ultrasound characteristics has several limitations. This study evaluates the usefulness of a combination of ultrasound characteristics in predicting @entity5 in @entity1 with thyroid nodules. We assessed 189 thyroid nodules using ultrasonography and histology. Each nodule was assigned a score based on ultrasonographic characteristics. This score was compared with histology to identify ability to predict @entity5 . There were 28 malignant nodules. The scoring system was appropriate for clinical use, obtaining an area under ROC curve of 0.822 [p< 0.0001] 95% confidence. FNAC of nodules with a score of more than 4 can be recommended (100% sensitivity). Nodules with a score less than 8 can be offered total thyroidectomy when FNAC is inconclusive (97.5% sensitivity). A combination of ultrasonographic criteria increase the accuracy of predicting @entity9384 .

title: A sonographic scoring system to assess the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy in thyroid nodules']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is the fourth cause of dead in the world. Because of high incidence of comorbidities in @entity1030 @entity1 , it has been proposed a new hypothesis that inscribe this disease in a complex contest named chronic systemic inflammatory syndrome (CSIS). Either @entity1030 and the most common comorbidities responsible for its clinical and natural history, like @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity453 , @entity712 , recognize a pro-inflammatory state, marked, for example, by elevated @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ). METHODS: 113 consecutive @entity1 presenting to @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with acute exacerbated @entity1030 were enrolled. They underwent to full medical history and physical examination. @entity1851 was measured at @entity341 arrival, discharge and at 1-6-12 month follow up. CSIS was diagnosed according to specified criteria. RESULTS: CSIS was diagnosed in 84% @entity1 . @entity1851 was maximally increased at admission during the exacerbation, but didn't correlate with the severity of it. At discharge, @entity1851 values were lowest; during follow up, @entity1851 demonstrated a chaotic behavior growing up till 6 month without any correlation with new exacerbation events. At 1 year it decreased, never reaching normal values in the majority of our @entity1 thus confirming the presence of a persistent @entity32 in @entity1030 . CONCLUSIONS: CSIS was diagnosed in 84% of our population demonstrating that @entity1030 @entity1 need to be approached in a multidisciplinary way.

title: @entity32 in XXXX with AECOPD presenting to @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity358 after liver transplant significantly affect mortality and morbidity; however, their relation has not been clearly established. We sought to determine @entity358 during the early and late term after liver transplant and identify risk factors for mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At our institution, 130 liver transplant @entity1 (mean age, 40.1 -/+ 14.6 years; 71.1% male) were retrospectively evaluated, and 114 adult orthotopic liver transplant @entity1 were included. Cause of @entity409 , pulmonary function test results, arterial blood gas analyses, surgery duration, length of stay in the intensive care unit and the hospital, @entity358 , and mortality causes were noted. RESULTS: @entity358 were detected in 48 @entity1 (42.1%), @entity55 in 24 @entity1 (21.1%), and @entity1143 in 21 @entity1 (18.4%). Development of @entity358 was found to be significantly related to survival (P = .001). Fifty-two @entity1 (45.6%) were smokers, a significant predictor of @entity358 (P = .03). There was no relation between pulmonary function test results and orthodeoxia and @entity358 and mortality. Early and late survival rates were significantly lower in @entity1 in whom a microorganism was isolated on deep tracheal aspirate culture, while early survival was significantly reduced in the presence of a @entity1143 (P < .005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity358 after liver transplant are common. Care must be taken to determine preoperative risk factors, and @entity1 should be observed closely for development of @entity1576 after liver transplant.

title: XXXX and mortality after liver transplant.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary complications', 'pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment option for @entity96 . This study evaluated outcomes after SBRT to identify prognostic variables and to develop a novel scoring system predictive of survival. METHODS: The medical records of 52 @entity1 with a @entity409 treated with SBRT from 2003 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-four @entity1 had 1 lesion; 27 had 2 or more. Thirteen lesions were @entity5 ; 72 were @entity3 . Fiducials were placed in all @entity1 prior to SBRT. The median prescribed dose was 30 Gy (range, 16 - 50 Gy) in a median of 3 fractions (range, 1-5). RESULTS: With median follow-up of 11.3 months, median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 12.5 months, and 1 year @entity1349 was 50.8%. In 42 @entity1 with radiographic follow up, 1 year local control was 74.8%. On univariate analysis, number of lesions (p = 0.0243) and active extralesional disease (p < 0.0001) were predictive of @entity1349 ; Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) approached statistical significance (p = 0.0606). A scoring system for predicting survival was developed by allocating 1 point for each of the three following factors: active extralesional disease, 2 or more lesions, and KPS  <= 80%. Score was associated with @entity1349 (p < 0.0001). For scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3, median survival intervals were 34, 12.5, 7.6, and 2.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT offers a safe and feasible treatment option for @entity96 . A prognostic scoring system based on the number of @entity409 , activity of extralesional disease, and KPS predicts survival following SBRT and can be used as a guide for prospective validation and ultimately for treatment decision-making.

title: Scoring system predictive of survival for @entity1 undergoing stereotactic body radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions', 'total of 85 liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: Seventy Hartley strain @entity840 (350 g body weight at start of the experiment) were used. BB-K8, @entity801 (GM) and @entity7913 (KM) were given to the animals intramuscularly for 28 days at following various doses: (see article) These @entity840 underwent a differential frequency pinna reflex test in wide frequency range from 20KHz to 0.5 KHz before the administration, during the injection and after the last one. For histopathological examination of the inner ears the @entity840 were subjected to intravital fixation with Wittmaack's fixative under nembutal general anesthesia. Blocks including the bilateral temporal bones were removed from the skulls and then fixed in the same fixative for 1 similar to 2 weeks. After routine procedure for @entity8704 , @entity2700 and celloidin embedding, horizontal serial sections of the inner ears were made and stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 . The differential frequency pinna relfex test in the 70 @entity840 indicated positive pinna reflex in 90% at 20KHz and in 100% at 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0.5 KHz before start of the administration. Administration of the antibiotics for 28 days occasionally resulted in the pinna reflex loss which always involved the highest frequency, 20 KHz and then was followed in relatively regular succession by 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0.5 KHz (Tables 1 similar to 8). On the other hand, histopathological examination of the inner ears disclosed that the loss of the outer hair cells in the spiral organ which are the most sensitive to the @entity2167 antibiotics, occurred always at the basal end of the spiral organ and then spread from there to upper portion of the spiral organ (Tables 9 similar to 16). Based on the differential frequency pinna reflex test in the wide frequency range and extensive histopathological examination of the inner ears, @entity2167 of BB-K8 is considered to be more mild than GM. However, there was not so remarkable difference in @entity2167 between BB-K8 and KM in the present experiment. The result or examination of the @entity840 received BB-K8 at 40 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively for 28 days suggests that BB-K8 at expecting clinical dose, 500 mg per day (for 28 days) may be safe from ototoxicosis in the inner ears. In the vestibular organs of the animals received BB-K8 there was no decrease in number of the hair cells.

title: [Evaluation of XXXX of amikacin (BB-K8) by animal test (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxic', 'ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity8704 :: ('MESH:D003649', 'Disease') :: ['decalcification']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['ototoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy, acceptability and feasibility of early medical abortion, with the option of home administration of @entity396 , in Uzbekistan. METHODS: A total of 450 @entity1 were enrolled at national, municipal and private facilities in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. @entity1 who presented for termination of pregnancy with gestations up to 63 days were recruited to participate in the study. All eligible pregnant @entity1 who consented to participate swallowed a 200 mg @entity3927 pill in the clinic and were given the option of taking 400  g @entity396 sublingually either at the clinic or at home 24-48 hours after @entity3927 administration. Abortion status was determined two weeks later. RESULTS: Almost all @entity1 (99.5%) chose home administration of @entity396 . The sublingual route of @entity396 administration was acceptable or very acceptable to 89% of @entity1 . Ninety-five percent of @entity1 had complete abortions after @entity3927 and @entity396 . Almost all @entity1 preferred a medical abortion to surgery for a future procedure (95%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3927 medical abortion with home administration of @entity396 is an acceptable and feasible option for @entity1 in Uzbekistan. The method worked well at all three facility types.

title: Acceptability and feasibility of the use of 400  g of sublingual @entity396 after XXXX for medical abortion up to 63 days since the last menstrual period: evidence from Uzbekistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone', 'mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: This study was done to evaluate the effect of @entity602 ( @entity602 ) on @entity63 and to report technical problems and complications. One hundred and twenty @entity1 with @entity63 were eligible for randomization between medical treatment and medical treatment plus @entity602 . Sixty received a spinal cord stimulator (Itrel II; Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minn., USA). Primary outcome measures were limb salvage and @entity158 relief. The mean @entity158 reduction in both treatment groups was 50% (from 5 to 2.5 on the visual analog scale). The 2-year limb survival was 52% ( @entity602 ) versus 46% (standard treatment; p = 0.47). The number of @entity1 undergoing major amputations in the @entity602 group with intermediate TcpO2 values was half of that in the standard group (14 vs. 28; 24 vs. 48%; p = 0.17). Implantation was successful in 51 @entity1 . Technical problems such as loss of stimulation due to lead displacement occurred in 13 @entity1 (22%), local infection at the site of implantation occurred in 3 @entity1 (5%), resulting in a total complication rate of 27%. Premature depletion of the battery occurred within 2 years in 3 @entity1 (5%). There were no lead @entity174 , @entity281 , @entity1410 or @entity5173 . Training of physicians and better reliability of the hardware should reduce the frequency of technical problems. Lead displacement remains the major technical problem. The search for prognostic factors of limb salvage is important. One microcirculatory measurement (TcpO2) seems to have a prognostic value, which remains to be described more precisely.

title: Technical data and complications of @entity602 : data from a randomized trial on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['epidural infections']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['critical limb ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most preventable adverse drug events and medication errors occur during medication ordering. Medication order entry and clinical decision support are available on paper or as computerized systems. In this post-hoc analysis we investigated frequency and clinical impact of blood @entity413 (BG) documentation- and user-related @entity2246 as well as workflow deviations in @entity6 management. We aimed to compare a paper-based protocol to a computerized medication management system combined with clinical workflow and decision support. METHODS: Seventy-nine hospitalized @entity1 with @entity6 were treated with an algorithm driven basal-bolus insulin regimen. BG measurements, which were the basis for insulin dose calculations, were manually entered either into the paper-based workflow protocol (PaperG: 37 @entity1 ) or into GlucoTab(  )-a mobile tablet PC based system (CompG: 42 @entity1 ). We used BG values from the laboratory information system as a reference. A workflow simulator was used to determine user @entity2246 as well as workflow deviations and to estimate the effect of errors on insulin doses. The clinical impact of insulin dosing errors and workflow deviations on hypo- and @entity4854 was investigated. RESULTS: The BG documentation error rate was similar for PaperG (4.9%) and CompG group (4.0%). In PaperG group, 11.1% of manual insulin dose calculations were erroneous and the odds ratio (OR) of a hypoglycemic event following an insulin dosing error was 3.1 (95% CI: 1.4-6.8). The number of BG values influenced by insulin dosing errors was eightfold higher than in the CompG group. In the CompG group, workflow deviations occurred in 5.0% of the tasks which led to an increased likelihood of @entity4854 , OR 2.2 (95% CI: 1.1-4.6). DISCUSSION: Manual insulin dose calculations were the major source of error and had a particularly strong influence on @entity4053 . By using GlucoTab(  ), user @entity2246 were entirely excluded. The immediate availability and automated handling of BG values from medical devices directly at the point of care has a high potential to reduce errors. Computerized systems facilitate the safe use of more complex insulin dosing algorithms without compromising usability. In CompG group, missed or delayed tasks had a significant effect on @entity4854 , while in PaperG group insufficient precision of documentation times limited analysis. The use of old BG measurements was clinically less relevant. CONCLUSION: Insulin dosing errors and workflow deviations led to measurable changes in clinical outcome. @entity6 management systems including decision support should address nurses as well as physicians in a computerized way. Our analysis shows that such systems reduce the frequency of errors and therefore decrease the probability of hypo- and @entity4854 .

title: Impact of errors in paper-based and computerized @entity6 management with decision support for hospitalized XXXX with type 2 @entity6 . A post-hoc analysis of a before and after study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['calculation errors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the safety of the diode light therapy and evaluate the advantages of the interferential effect of two light probes versus a conventional light probe in the relief of shoulder @entity158 and disability caused by shoulder @entity924 . DESIGN: Randomized single-blind pilot study. SETTING: Clinical electrotherapy unit. @entity1 : A total of 30 @entity1 with shoulder @entity158 from @entity924 . INTERVENTIONS: The @entity1 were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 (n = 15) received interferential light therapy generated by two independent and identical cluster probes composed of light emitting and superluminescent diodes. Similarly, two applicators were applied in group 2 (n = 15), but only one was active, as in conventional clinical therapy. Each multi-diode cluster probe was composed of seven light-emitting diodes at 600 nm and 12 superluminescent diodes at 950 nm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) at day, at night and during several shoulder movements. Shoulder functional status was measured by means of the University California Los Angeles scale (UCLA). RESULTS: Comparison between both treatments using the Mann-Whitney U-test showed better results for the interferential treatment. There were significant differences in @entity158 reduction during abduction (P < 0.05) and external rotation (P < 0.05), with @entity158 reductions in abduction and external rotation of 1.5 (   1.3) and 0.5 (   1.0) respectively. CONCLUSION: Interferential light therapy was safe and effective regarding the shoulder @entity158 reduction during abduction and external rotation movements. The estimated size sample needed for future two-treatment parallel-design studies will require about 60 @entity1 .

title: Interferential light therapy in the treatment of shoulder XXXX : a randomized controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathies']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinopathies']


abstract: Although trisomy of chromosome 21 is the most prevalent @entity1 @entity74 , data from partial 21 @entity2007 are very scanty. Eight different partial @entity2007 for chromosome 21 were characterised by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Allelic dosage analysis was performed for each @entity1 using 25 CHLC STRs covering the entire q arm. The length of the corresponding trisomies and monosomies was ascertained for five partial trisomics and three partial monosomics. All trisomic @entity1 carried unbalanced translocations involving chromosome 21, whereas one of the monosomic @entity1 bore a ring chromosome 21 and another showed an interstitial deletion of chromosome 21. The chromosomal breakpoints of two @entity3769 @entity1 could be clearly delimited. However, the other three trisomies involved most of the 21 q arm as three allelic doses were detected for each marker. Although these latter @entity1 do not show all the features of Down syndrome, genotype/phenotype correlations agree with previously reported data. The chromosomal breakpoints observed in two partially monosomic @entity1 helped further to define the region involved in different phenotypic features associated with chromosome 21 monosomy. Telomeric material loss was also detected in a @entity1 bearing a ring 21 chromosome. The parental origin of the aneuploidy was assigned for each case, which allowed us to conclude that two of the monosomic cases originated from de novo chromosomal rearrangements. There was no correlation with parental sex in contrast to trisomic @entity1 originating from meiotic nondisjunction.

title: Molecular characterisation of partial chromosome 21 XXXX by fluorescent PCR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity3769 :: ('MESH:D014314', 'Disease') :: ['partial trisomy']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['aneuploidies']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of pedicled buccal fat pad flap (PBFPF), prefabricated @entity702 mesh and autologous bone graft in maxillary reconstruction. Seventeen @entity1 with a unilateral class I-III maxillary defect were involved. Preoperatively, a solid model was manufactured based on virtual maxillectomy and reconstruction of the abnormal maxilla. Intraoperatively, PBFPF was applied to repair the soft-tissue defect, serving as nasal lining and the receiving bed for bone grafts. @entity702 mesh was prefabricated on the solid model and then, together with bone grafts from iliac crest, fixed to residual bones to reconstruct the hard-tissue defect. Postoperative aesthetic appearance and function were followed up. No exposure of @entity702 mesh, leakage or oronasal regurgitation occurred. Of the @entity1 with a class I or II defect 91% (10/11) and of those with a class III defect 50% (3/6) gained a good appearance. Fifteen @entity1 were articulate. Eleven @entity1 received dental rehabilitation and had a normal diet. PBFPF with prefabricated @entity702 mesh and autologous bone grafts is a reliable option for reconstruction of unilateral maxillary defects of class I and II, but this method alone should be used cautiously in defects of class III and beyond.

title: Functional reconstruction of maxilla with pedicled buccal fat pad flap, prefabricated XXXX mesh and autologous bone grafts.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium', 'Titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: AIM: To assess the effects of @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) on @entity410 response/control and photosensitivity (PS) in adolescents suffering from @entity5516 with generalized @entity410 only (EGTCS). METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 55 adolescents with newly diagnosed EGTCS and PS at presentation, who received @entity3262 monotherapy. Two phases of the study were defined and analysed separately. In the phase I, the electroclinical data of @entity1 were compared over three time points: T1 (at 6 months of treatment); T2 (at 12 months of treatment); and T3 (at 36 months of treatment). In the phase II, only @entity1 who stopped @entity3262 were evaluated over a period of 12 months. RESULTS: At both T2 and T3 there was a significant great percentage of @entity410 -free @entity1 compared with that at T1 (78.2% vs 69.1%, p < 0.01; and 85.5% vs 69.1%, p < 0.001) and a similar trend was also noted according to PS-free @entity1 (70.9% vs 52.7%, p < 0.01; 80.0% vs 52.7% p < 0.001). At the end of the phase II, 46.5% and 32.6% out of 43 @entity1 who stopped @entity3262 had @entity410 relapses and reappearance of PS, respectively. In particular, 78.6% of the 14 @entity1 with PS reappearance presented the same type of EEG response showed at study entry. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3262 monotherapy is very effective for both @entity410 outcome control and PS reduction in adolescents with EGTCS. Treatment discontinuation induces relapse of @entity410 and PS in a certain number of @entity1 . PS reappearance presented the same type of EEG response showed before @entity3262 treatment.

title: @entity1092 in adolescents with @entity5516 with generalized XXXX only.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['photosensitive epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['tonic-clonic seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1645 may be treated with @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ). We aim to describe the symptoms with which @entity1 initially present, and to determine the number and type of complications occurring after @entity5663 for @entity1645 . METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records for @entity1 who had @entity5663 performed for @entity1645 between January 2009 and December 2011. Post-operative outcomes were recorded and analysed. @entity1 demographic details and other relevant medical conditions were also noted. RESULTS: Between January 2009 and December 2011, 54 FMDs were performed for @entity1645 . Among them, 40(74%) @entity1 were female and 14 @entity1 (26%) were male. The majority of @entity1 (42.6%) were aged 16-39 years and 24.07% of @entity1 were @entity1 aged < 16 years. A total of 30(55.6%) @entity1 had documented evidence of a syrinx pre-operatively. 18(33.3%) @entity1 developed complications. Nine of these developed multiple complications while nine had a single problem. One mortality was reported. Ten (18.5%) @entity1 developed @entity1276 requiring shunting. Two @entity1 developed subdural collections requiring evacuation associated with @entity1276 . Six (11.1%) @entity1 developed @entity281 : two CNS @entity281 ; one wound @entity281 ; and three other @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5663 for @entity1645 is a procedure which carries risk. In particular, the risk of developing post-operative @entity1276 requiring permanent shunting is relatively high. @entity428 monitoring prior to @entity5663 may be required to definitively rule out raised intracranial pressure.

title: Foramen magnum decompression for XXXX : a procedure not to be underestimated.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'foramen magnum decompression']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'post-operative infections', 'infections']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: @entity792 (AIDx) results from failure to sustain tolerance to self molecules. Dozens of AIDx involving one or multiple organ systems afflict 3% or more of @entity1 worldwide (>75% @entity1 ). Predisposing factors for AIDx include genetic background, hormonal status, pathogens, and xenobiotic exposures. The incidence of AIDx is higher in individuals living in developed nations, including recent immigrants. @entity1 may have several AIDx simultaneously. Certain AIDx can prevent other AIDx. A history of AIDx raises the risk for developing @entity1583 . Some common mechanisms for losing self-tolerance include reduced deletion or enhanced activation of autoreactive @entity404 (+) T-helper (Th) lymphocytes, defective immunomodulation by @entity404 (+) regulatory (Treg) and @entity405 (+) suppressor (Ts) T-lymphocytes, dysregulated signaling (leading to a relative increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines), comparable structure between self-antigens and foreign molecules, or expression of new epitopes on previously hidden or xenobiotic-modified self proteins. Organ-specific AIDx is generally a cell-mediated ( @entity1198 or Th17) process, while multi-organ AIDx also incorporates a robust autoantibody (Th2) component. Cytokine signatures of different AIDx overlap incompletely; for a given AIDx, different @entity1 have divergent cytokine profiles. Newer anti-AIDx agents are based on our increasing knowledge of AIDx pathogenesis and usually attempt to reverse @entity409 , quell pro-inflammatory signaling, or restore self-tolerance.

title: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocyte dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the 24-h microtensile bond strength of a microfilled hybrid composite to the same material after mechanical and/or chemical treatment and assess the effect of @entity26 inhibition on the composite-composite bond. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty composite cylinders of Gradia Direct Anterior (GC) were prepared and stored 24 h prior to the following surface treatments: 50-microm @entity5383 air abrasion and 37% @entity8718 etching (group 1); @entity5836 and 6.9% @entity14039 etching (group 2); diamond bur roughening and 37% @entity8718 etching (group 3); diamond bur roughening (group 4). In all groups, Prime _ Bond NT (Dentsply De Trey) was applied and light cured in air or under a @entity1568 atmosphere, prior to layering a buildup of the repairing resin composite. Microtensile bond strength measurements were performed. Data were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The curing atmosphere did not significantly influence the interfacial strength (p < 0.05). Surface treatment significantly affected the composite-composite bond (p > 0.05). Air abrasion, regardless of curing atmosphere, resulted in the strongest bond (p < 0.05). The other treatments were comparable. CONCLUSION: Air abrasion and the application of a bonding agent offer satisfactory bond strengths for composite repair. The @entity26 inhibition layer on a light-cured adhesive is not crucial to the success of the 24-h composite-composite bond.

title: Composite-to-composite microtensile bond strength in the repair of a microfilled hybrid resin: effect of surface treatment and XXXX inhibition.

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoric acid']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14039 :: ('MESH:D006858', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrofluoric acid']

entities_list: @entity5383 :: ('MESH:D000537', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum oxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic @entity1901 is a rare, yet serious operative complication in gynecologic procedures and associated with substantial morbidities such as prolonged hospitalization, additional financial-based ureter-related repairing procedures, @entity8 , and compromised quality of life. Direct visual identification of ureters can be very challenging in managing @entity1 with primary advanced or recurrent disseminated intraperitoneal @entity5 , who are referred to complex procedures such as cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). AIMS: To report our single-center experience (feasibility and morbidity) with prophylactic ureteric stents as a routine practice before CRS+HIPEC procedure in managing @entity298 ( @entity298 ) from @entity5 . METHODS: From June-2010 to March-2014, all @entity1 with gynecologic-related @entity298 , managed with CRS+HIPEC, and underwent prophylactic ureteric stents. The data were retrospectively abstracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 were identified. Almost all @entity298 cases were secondary/recurrence presentations (90.6  %) and originated from @entity43 (84.9  %). Optimal cytoreduction microscopic residual disease) was achieved in 35 @entity1 (60  %). Average insertion time of ureteric stents was 8.9      3.3  min. Fifty-two @entity1 (98.1  %) received bilateral ureteric stents. Forty-nine @entity1 (92.5  %) had their ureteric stents removed by the end of procedure. No @entity1 experienced major peri-operative urinary tract-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic ureteric stents appeared to be feasible, potentially safe, and could reduce the risk of iatrogenic @entity1901 without incurring an increase in urinary tract-related complications. Prophylactic ureteric stenting does not eliminate the necessity for competent anatomical knowledge, meticulous retroperitoneal dissection and direct intra-operative visualization of ureters.

title: Routine ureteric stenting before cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in managing XXXX from @entity5 : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric injuries', 'ureteric injury']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'PC']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: A 64-year-old male @entity1 of @entity746 ( @entity746 ) with frozen gait, @entity2003 and supranuclear @entity912 was reported. We have followed this @entity1 more than four years. He was well until November 1982, when he noticed @entity425 of left arm. In March 1983, he noticed @entity30205 and in July, he developed @entity4653 and frozen gait. On admission, he was alert and oriented. Neurological examination revealed @entity4653 , @entity1282 and @entity425 and @entity194 in bilateral upper extremities, dominantly in left side. He showed remarkable frozen gait, retropulsion and could not walk. Brain CT showed mild dilatation of the third ventricle. In August 1988, he showed @entity194 , and @entity425 and @entity194 of the extremities progressed during these four years. He also showed @entity2003 and frozen gait. Brain CT showed severe third @entity2554 and @entity194 of tegmentum of the midbrain and cerebellum that were compatible with @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ). Six months later, he developed @entity912 . From these findings, we concluded that this @entity1 had a quite unique clinical features of both @entity746 and @entity7463 .

title: [A case of @entity746 associated with clinical features of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['axial rigidity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tongue atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy', 'PSP']

entities_list: @entity30205 :: ('MESH:D000370', 'Disease') :: ['hypogeusia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['upper gaze palsy']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity7463 :: (MESH:D013494,Disease) :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study develops estimates of long-term, @entity5 -related treatment cost using a modeling approach and data from the SEER-Medicare linked database. The method is demonstrated for @entity14 . METHODS: Data on Medicare payments were obtained for @entity14 @entity1 for the years 1990 to 1994 from the SEER-Medicare linked database. Claims payment data for control subjects were obtained for Medicare enrollees without @entity5 residing in the same areas as @entity1 . Estimates of long-term cost (< or = 25 years following the date of diagnosis) were obtained by combining treatment/phase-specific cost estimates with estimates of long-term survival from SEER. Treatment phases were defined as initial care, terminal care, and continuing care. Cancer-related estimates for each phase were obtained by subtracting costs for control subjects from the observed costs for @entity5 @entity1 , matching on age group, gender, and registry area. Estimates of long-term cost < or = 11 years obtained by this method were compared with 11-year estimates obtained by application of the Kaplan-Meier sample average (KMSA) method. RESULTS: The mean initial-phase @entity5 -related cost was approximately  18,000 but was higher among @entity1 with more @entity5 . The mean continuing-phase @entity5 -related cost was  1,500 per year and declined with increasing age, but was higher on an annual basis among @entity1 with later stages of @entity5 and shorter survival time. The mean terminal-phase @entity5 -related cost was  15,000 and declined with both age at @entity204 and more advanced stage at diagnosis. After the phase-specific estimates were combined, the average long-term @entity5 -related cost was  33,700 ( 31,300 at 3% discount rate) for @entity694 compared with  36,500 ( 33,800 at 3% discount rate) for @entity188 . This represented about half of the total long-term cost for Medicare enrollees diagnosed with this disease. Long-term cost was highest for @entity5 and lowest for in situ @entity5 . Eleven-year @entity5 -related costs estimated by the KMSA method were similar to estimates using the phase-based approach. CONCLUSIONS: This paper demonstrates that valid estimates of @entity5 -related long-term cost can be obtained from administrative claims data linked to incidence @entity5 registry data.

title: Obtaining long-term disease specific costs of care: application to Medicare enrollees diagnosed with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer', 'Stage III cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that the inability to undergo apoptosis is an important factor in the development and @entity263 . Agents that induce apoptosis may inhibit @entity5 growth and provide therapeutic benefit. In a recent study, the authors found that certain homeopathic treatments produced anticancer effects in an animal model. In this study, the authors examined the immunomodulating and apoptotic effects of these remedies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors investigated the effect of a homeopathic treatment regimen containing Conium maculatum, Sabal serrulata, Thuja occidentalis, and a MAT-LyLu Carcinosin nosode on the expression of cytokines and genes that regulate apoptosis. This was assessed in @entity263 tissues, extracted from animals responsive to these drugs, using ribonuclease protection assay or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in mRNA levels of the apoptotic genes @entity2310 , @entity1976 , @entity5613 , @entity7268 , @entity39642 , @entity4124 , Fas, @entity23975 , or the cytokines @entity8885 , @entity3426 , @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF)-beta, @entity7422 , @entity12718 , @entity22538 , @entity568 , @entity13358 , @entity1505 , @entity5041 , and @entity3692 in prostate @entity5 and lung metastasis after treatment with homeopathic medicines. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that treatment with the highly diluted homeopathic remedies does not alter the gene expression in primary @entity263 or in lung metastasis. The therapeutic effect of homeopathic treatments observed in the in vivo experiments cannot be explained by mechanisms based on distinct alterations in gene expression related to apoptosis or cytokines. Future research should explore subtle modulations in the expression of multiple genes in different biological pathways.

title: Effect of homeopathic treatment on gene expression in Copenhagen rat XXXX tissues.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['progression of prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 with a @entity296 are described. Seven of these had @entity66 and in them the haemodynamic abnormality resembled that in @entity3822 but the condition was distinguishable because of unequal involvement of the two ventricles, murmurs of @entity338 , or characteristic @entity67 on angiography. Two of these @entity1 had @entity1712 with the clinical features of L  ffer's @entity884 . In 4 @entity1 the disease was apparently confined to the left ventricle; they were investigated on account of atypical @entity662 , third heart sound, or abnormal electrocardiogram. Simultaneous measurements of left ventricular pressure and volume throughout diastole were made in 3 @entity1 and showed rapid but abruptly curtailed left ventricular filling. Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy in 2 @entity1 showed fibrous tissue with collagen and irregular elastic fibrils. Surgical biopsy in 3 @entity1 excluded pericardial constriction but was diagnostically unhelpful because of failure to obtain endocardium. Necropsy in one @entity1 showed that the heart had features indistinguishable from tropical @entity18032 . It is suggested that the spectrum of @entity67 in these @entity1 results from @entity18032 of varying severity and probably of differing cause. This study has shown that "tropical" @entity18032 may occur outside the tropics and suggests that @entity1712 may play a leading role or associated part in the genesis of some cases.

title: @entity296 . Non-tropical XXXX and hypereosinophilic heart disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular disease']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity18032 :: ('MESH:D004719', 'Disease') :: ['endomyocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular deformity', 'ventricular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity18032 :: (MESH:D004719,Disease) :: ['endomyocardial fibrosis']


abstract: Assisted reproduction using frozen-thawed semen has practical advantages, although cryopreservation is detrimental to sperm fertility in most mammals. We examined the influence of cryopreservation and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) on ram sperm DNA stability (using SCSA), lipid peroxidation (LPO), @entity7914 fluorescence (CTC) patterns, motility and viability. In Experiment 1, DNA integrity, LPO, CTC, motility and viability tests were performed on fresh and cryopreserved sperm after 0, 6, and 24 hr in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF). In Experiment 2, fresh sperm were incubated in serum-free SOF (SOF-S; 1, 4, and 24 hr) with 0, 50, 150, or 300 microM @entity274 then assayed. Cryopreservation increased the percentage of sperm with a high DNA fragmentation index (%DFI), decreased the percentages of motile and viable sperm at thawing (0 hr), but did not affect LPO. @entity274 (150 or 300 microM) increased %DFI after 24 hr. LPO or sperm viability were not affected by @entity274 , although most motility parameters decreased. @entity274 decreased the percentage of @entity7914 pattern F sperm at 4 hr and increased the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm (pattern AR) after 1 hr. Pooled data of Experiment 2 showed LPO was positively correlated with SCSA (r = 0.29 to r = 0.59; P < 0.05 to P < 0.01), while most motility parameters and the percentage of viable sperm were negatively correlated with LPO (r = -0.30 to r = -0.38; P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). LPO was positively correlated with the percentage of pattern AR sperm (r = 0.33; P < 0.01). Cryopreservation and @entity274 promote DNA instability in ram sperm, though motility is a more sensitive indicator of oxidative stress than the other parameters investigated.

title: Impact of cryopreservation and reactive XXXX species on DNA integrity, lipid peroxidation, and functional parameters in ram sperm.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7914 :: ('MESH:D002751', 'Chemical') :: ['chlortetracycline']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Background. Although @entity260 are common after lymph node dissection, its association with disease recurrence has not yet been fully investigated. Methods. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted, looking at all @entity320 @entity1 with sentinel nodes positive disease requiring axillary or inguinal dissection between 2002 and 2011. Results. A total of 124 @entity1 required nodal clearance from 317 @entity1 with stage I/II @entity320 who had undergone sentinel lymph node biopsy. Of these, 104 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria and were divided into @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ; n = 63) or @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ; n = 41). Immunohistochemical deposits had higher detection rate in @entity1600 (P = 0.01). The @entity1600 @entity1 had a higher recurrence rate (84.1% versus 63.4%; P = 0.02) and mortality (68.3% versus 48.8%; P = 0.05) without a significant difference in complications. In @entity1 whom complications developed, 75% of the @entity1600 group and 71.4% of the @entity1600 group had disease recurrence, but without reaching a statistical value as an independent predictor of @entity320 recurrence. Conclusion. Complications are common following @entity1600 and @entity1600 ; however there is no significant difference in complications rates between the groups with some associations with recurrence without reaching a significant difference.

title: XXXX following Nodal Dissection and Their Association with @entity320 Recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['ILND', 'inguinal lymph node dissections', 'ALND', 'axillary lymph node dissections']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Complications']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed to identify @entity1 at risk for secondary @entity16 after complete cervical @entity1566 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the causes of early @entity16 in @entity1 with complete @entity1566 at a regional @entity1566 center. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: After complete @entity1566 , @entity16 occurs in a subgroup of @entity1 . Despite anecdotal reports, no study has clearly identified the subgroups at highest risks. METHODS: One hundred eighty-two @entity1 with complete @entity1566 were identified among 1904 consecutive @entity1 with acute spinal trauma evaluated from March 1993 through September 1999. Parameters analyzed included demographics, mechanism of injury, American @entity1566 Association (ASIA) level on admission and during hospital stay, onset of ascension, blood pressure, hemoglobin, febrile episode, heparin administration, and the timing of operation and traction. Radiographs of @entity1 with ascending complete @entity1566 were reviewed with attention to fracture type and neurologic and @entity1317 . RESULTS: Twelve of 186 @entity1 with ASIA Grade A (6.0%) complete @entity1566 had @entity16 during the first 30 days after injury. No @entity1 with @entity2982 had deterioration. A significant association between death and ascension was observed. The onset of ascension of the injury could be categorized into three discrete temporal subsets. Early deterioration (less than 24 hours) was typically related to traction and immobilization. @entity245 (between 24 hours and 7 days) was associated with sustained @entity551 in @entity1 with @entity174 . Late deterioration (more than 7 days) was observed in a @entity1 with @entity1317 . CONCLUSION: Delayed @entity16 in complete @entity1566 (ASIA A) is not rare. Specific causes were identified among discrete temporal subgroups. Management of complete @entity1566 can be improved with recognition of these temporal patterns and earlier intervention.

title: The cause of @entity16 after acute cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture dislocations']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injuries']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries', 'vertebral artery injuries']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: This study examined sleep patterns, @entity25 , and their correlates in @entity1 with @entity72 ( @entity72 ). Subjects consisted of 167 @entity72 @entity1 , including 108 with @entity2438 , 27 with @entity13104 , and 32 with other diagnoses of @entity72 . Mean age was 8.8 years (SD = 4.2), 86% were @entity1 . Parents completed a self-administered @entity1 sleep questionnaire. Results showed that average night sleep duration was 8.9 h (SD = 1.8), 16% of @entity1 shared a bed with parent. About 86% of @entity1 had at least one @entity25 almost every day, including 54% with bedtime resistance, 56% with @entity22 , 53% with @entity4939 , 25% with @entity25 @entity1353 , 45% with morning rise problems, and 31% with @entity25 . Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that younger age, @entity56 , co-sleeping, @entity302 , @entity71 ( @entity71 ), @entity565 , bedtime ritual, medication use, and family history of @entity25 were related to @entity25 . @entity302 , @entity22 , and @entity4939 were associated with increased risk for @entity25 . Results suggest that both @entity10281 and @entity4939 are very prevalent in @entity1 with @entity72 . Although multiple @entity1 and family factors are associated with @entity25 , other comorbid disorders of @entity2438 may play a major role.

title: Sleep disturbances and correlates of XXXX with @entity72 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic disorder', 'autism']

entities_list: @entity13104 :: ('MESH:D020817', 'Disease') :: ["Asperger's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['parasomnias']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Comorbid epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['dyssomnias']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disordered', 'daytime sleepiness', 'sleep problems', 'sleep problem']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Inhaled corticosteroids administered by dry powder inhaler (DPI) or metered-dose inhaler are potent anti-inflammatory agents recommended for management of persistent @entity565 . Respiratory pharmacotherapy is unique in that proper delivery of the medication can be as important as the medication that is delivered. This study was designed to assess the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of @entity10438 (MF) particles from the 100- and 200-microgram/inhalation strength Twisthhaler (Merck _ Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ) and to examine clinical effects of MF-DPI on midexpiratory flow. The MMAD with 100- and 200-microgram Twisthaler inhalers was analyzed using an Anderson cascade impactor. Clinical trial data for MF-DPI administered q.d. in the evening (P.M.) in adults and adolescents aged >= 12 years, as well as @entity1 aged 4-11 years, were examined post hoc for changes in forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity (FEF(25-75)). The average MMAD of the 100-microgram strength Twisthaler (n = 24) was 2.0 micrometers; the average MMAD of the 200-microgram strength Twisthaler (n = 24) was 2.2 micrometers. In adults and adolescents (n = 1149), significant improvements in FEF(25-75) occurred with MF-DPI administered q.d. P.M. versus placebo (p  <= 0.05). In @entity1 (n = 296), FEF(25-75) improved significantly with MF-DPI at 100 microgram q.d. P.M. versus placebo at day 4 and every visit thereafter (p  <= 0.05). In vitro study suggests that the particle size of MF is optimal (~2 micrometers) for @entity358 when administered via the Twisthaler. Furthermore, randomized, controlled trials provide clinical evidence that MF-DPI q.d. treatment improves small airway function in @entity1 with mild persistent or moderate @entity565 .

title: Particle size and small airway effects of XXXX delivered by dry powder inhaler.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['efficient lung deposition']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate']

answer: @entity10438 :: (MESH:C053915,Chemical) :: ['mometasone furoate']


abstract: AIM: To observe the variation of renal tubular epithelial cells in @entity899 (+/+) and @entity899 (-/-) @entity19 with young or old age at different time after @entity8 /reperfusion injury (IRI), and to investigate the contribution of @entity899 gene in the variation. METHODS: @entity899 (+/+) and @entity899 (-/-) male @entity19 at age of 2 and 12 months were made @entity63 by clamping left renal hila for 45 min. At 0, 1, 3 and 7 d, 1, 3 and 6 month after reflow, renal tissues were processed for morphometric observation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen( @entity4698 ), apoptosis and senescence-associated @entity7791 ( @entity37228 -gal) analysis, using @entity1710 and @entity1711 stain, immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 in situ nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and histochemical staining, respectively. RESULTS: @entity9538 was more severely in @entity899 (-/-) @entity19 and aged @entity19 compared to @entity899 (+/+) @entity19 and young @entity19 (P<0.05), respectively. Apoptotic cells in @entity899 (+/+) @entity19 increased obviously compared to @entity899 (-/-) @entity19 (P<0.05) at 7 d after IRI. In young wild-type @entity19 , occasionally faint staining for @entity37228 -gal activity began to appear at 1 month, and obviously significantly increased at 3 and 6 months after IRI (P<0.05), but in contralateral kidney at any time as mentioned above, and in the IRI kidneys in @entity899 (-/-) @entity19 at 1 and 3 months, there was almost no positive staining for @entity37228 -gal; occasionally positive staining for @entity37228 -gal was observed in the IRI kidney in @entity899 (-/-) @entity19 at 6 months after IRI. In @entity899 (-/-) and @entity899 (+/+) aged @entity19 , both kindeys had positive staining for @entity37228 -gal activity at 0 d after IRI, but the level of the activity in @entity899 (-/-) @entity19 was much more lower than that in @entity899 (+/+) @entity19 (P<0.05), then the level of the activity decreased notably at 1 d in the IRI kidney (P<0.05). Positive stain of nuclear @entity4698 in @entity899 (+/+) young @entity19 had no statistical significance compared to @entity899 (+/+) aged @entity19 (P>0.05). But in @entity899 (-/-) @entity19 , significant positive staining for @entity4698 was tested, especially in young @entity19 and in IRI kidneys (P>0.05). Correlation analysis between senescent and apoptotic cells in aged @entity19 was made at 1 d after IRI, then striking negative correlation was found between both of them in @entity899 (+/+) @entity19 (r=-0.82, P<0.05), but no statistical correlation in @entity899 (-/-) @entity19 (r=0.26, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: IRI can accelerate renal tubular cell senescence and cellular death(both @entity39 and apoptosis)after that. @entity899 gene may play an important role in the variation of tubular epithelial cells after kidney IRI.

title: [Effect of XXXX on the variation of renal tubular epithelial cells after @entity8 /reperfusion injury].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['Renal tubule necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity899 :: (22060(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: This review is focused on charge-transfer reactions at @entity505 nanotubes and @entity16820 . The spectroelectrochemistry of @entity16820 deals with the spin states of @entity16820 , the role of mono-anions and the reactivity of higher charged states in C60. The optical (Vis-NIR) spectroelectrochemistry of single-walled @entity505 nanotubes (SWNTs) follows changes in the allowed optical transitions among the Van Hove singularities. The Raman spectroelectrochemistry of SWNT benefits from strong resonance enhancement of the Raman scattering. Here, both semiconducting and metallic SWNTs are analyzed using the radial breathing mode (RBM) and G-modes as well as the second order (D, G') and intermediate frequency modes. Raman spectroelectrochemistry of SWNT allows the addressing of index-identified tubes and even single isolated nanotubes. Optical and Raman spectroelectrochemistry of @entity16820 peapods, C60@SWNT and C70@SWNT indicates effective shielding of the intratubular @entity16820 ( @entity3587 ). The most striking effect in the spectroelectrochemistry of peapods is the so-called "anodic Raman enhancement" of intratubular C60. Double-walled @entity505 nanotubes (DWNTs) give a specific spectroscopic response in Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry for the inner and the outer tube. They are better distinguishable by Raman spectroelectrochemistry which allows a precise tracing of the specific doping response of outer/inner tubes.

title: Spectroelectrochemistry of XXXX nanostructures.

entities_list: @entity16820 :: ('MESH:D037741', 'Chemical') :: ['fullerenes', 'fullerene']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity3081 is stool culture, but this requires laboratory facilities and takes at least 24 hours. A @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) that can be used by minimally trained staff at treatment centers could potentially improve the reporting and management of @entity3081 outbreaks. METHODS: We evaluated the Crystal VC    @entity1062 under field conditions in Zanzibar in 2009. @entity1 presenting to treatment centers with watery @entity294 provided a stool sample for rapid diagnostic testing. Results were compared to stool culture performed in a reference laboratory. We assessed the overall performance of the @entity1062 and evaluated whether previous intake of antibiotics, intravenous fluids, location of testing, and skill level of the technician affected the @entity1062 results. RESULTS: We included stool samples from 624 @entity1 . Compared to culture, the overall sensitivity of the @entity1062 was 93.1% (95%CI: 88.7 to 96.2%), specificity was 49.2% (95%CI: 44.3 to 54.1%), the positive predictive value was 47.0% (95%CI: 42.1 to 52.0%) and the negative predictive value was 93.6% (95%CI: 89.6 to 96.5%). The overall false positivity rate was 50.8% (213/419); fieldworkers frequently misread very faint test lines as positive. CONCLUSION: The observed sensitivity of the Crystal VC @entity1062 evaluated was similar compared to earlier versions, while specificity was poorer. The current version of the @entity1062 could potentially be used as a screening tool in the field. Because of the high proportion of false positive results when field workers test stool specimens, positive results will need to be confirmed with stool culture.

title: Evaluation of a rapid dipstick (Crystal VC) for the diagnosis of XXXX in Zanzibar and a comparison with previous studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['RDT', 'rapid diagnostic test']

answer: @entity3081 :: (MESH:D002771,Disease) :: ['cholera']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of @entity164 1 @entity6 in @entity1 in Philadelphia from 2000-2004, compare the epidemiology to the previous three cohorts in the Philadelphia Pediatric @entity6 Registry, and, for the first time, describe the incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity6 cases were obtained through a retrospective population-based registry. Hospital inpatient and outpatient records were reviewed for cases of @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 diagnosed from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2004. The secondary source of validation was the School District of Philadelphia. Time series analysis was used to evaluate the changing pattern of incidence over the 20-year period. RESULTS: The overall age-adjusted incidence rate in 2000-2004 of 17.0 per 100,000 per year was significantly higher than that of previous cohorts, with an average yearly increase of 1.5% and an average 5-year cohort increase of 7.8% (P = 0.025). The incidence in white @entity1 (19.2 per 100,000 per year) was 48% higher than in the previous cohort. @entity1 aged 0-4 years had a 70% higher incidence (12.2 per 100,000 per year) than the original cohort; this increase was most marked in young black @entity1 . The overall age-adjusted incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 was 5.8 per 100,000 per year and was significantly higher in black @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity164 1 @entity6 is rising among @entity1 in Philadelphia. The incidence rate has increased by 29% since the 1985-1989 cohort. The most marked increases were among white @entity1 ages 10-14 years and black @entity1 ages 0-4 years. The incidence of @entity164 1 @entity6 is 18 times higher than that of @entity164 2 in white @entity1 but only 1.6 times higher in black @entity1 .

title: Increasing incidence of XXXX 1 @entity6 in youth: twenty years of the Philadelphia Pediatric @entity6 Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drinking @entity167 during pregnancy can cause many @entity600 and @entity717 . There is considerable information available for pregnant @entity1 regarding the dangers of drinking @entity167 during this time. Postpartum many @entity1 enter the period of lactation, which can last for several months to years. However information regarding safe levels of @entity167 consumption during lactation is limited despite potential harmful effects on @entity1 development and maternal lactational performance. METHODS: A descriptive study using qualitative methods. Data was collected in focus groups interviews conducted from February 2004 to December 2005. @entity1 eligible to participate in the focus groups were currently breastfeeding or had been breastfeeding within the previous 12 months. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 aged 28 to 41 years participated in postpartum focus groups. The mothers were largely unaware of the effects of @entity167 on breastfeeding performance and the development of the @entity1 . The majority of the @entity1 in the focus groups expressed concern at the lack of information available regarding "safe" @entity167 consumption practices during lactation and reported being more diligent during pregnancy with regard to abstaining from @entity167 . CONCLUSION: There is a variable level of knowledge regarding consuming @entity167 and breastfeeding among Australian mothers. The majority of @entity1 were aware of the recommendations regarding @entity167 during pregnancy and felt that a similar level of information was required to provide direction and support during lactation.

title: XXXX and breastfeeding: what do Australian mothers know?

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disabilities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']