abstract: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) can occur in both nonbilharzial and bilharzial bladders; the two subtypes differ in epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinicopathological features. The nonbilharzial type occurs in Western countries and represents < 5% of all vesical @entity5 ; it occurs most often in the seventh decade with a slight male predominance. The principal predisposing factor is prolonged indwelling urethral catheterization in @entity1 with @entity1566 and the main symptom is haematuria. @entity1 are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and most of the @entity5 are of moderate and high grades. At cystoscopy @entity5 are predominantly ulcerative and commonly involve the trigone and lateral walls. Although distant @entity3 is infrequent (8-10%) the prognosis is grave and most @entity1 die after failure of locoregional control; radical cystectomy provides the best therapy. To avoid nonbilharzial @entity957 , @entity1 with @entity1566 should be free of catheterization if possible. The outcome can be improved by early detection with frequent cytology, cystoscopy and biopsy. Bilharzial @entity957 occurs commonly in the Middle East, South-east Asia and South America where @entity2040 is endemic. In an Egyptian series @entity957 represented 59% of 1026 cystectomy specimens. The @entity5 is diagnosed in the fifth decade, and five times more common in @entity1 than @entity1 . Bladder @entity105 is probably related to @entity2348 , commonly associated with @entity277 rather than the parasite itself. The presentation is often with @entity146 and haematuria, and many @entity1 present at an advanced stage, although most @entity5 are of low and moderate grades. At cystoscopy @entity5 are predominantly nodular and usually arise from the upper vesical hemisphere. Lymph-node @entity3 occurs in approximately 19% and significantly decreases survival; radical cystectomy remains the main treatment, giving a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Early detection improves the therapeutic yield and prevention is possible by combining snail control and mass therapy of the infested rural population by oral antibilharzial drugs.

title: XXXX : pathology, diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritative bladder symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and viral infections']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['bilharzial infestation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: Clinical examination is the only tool available to assess the extent of the nerve @entity3145 after a @entity1566 , and it is well known that the reliability of classification based on clinical examination is not satisfactory, especially in cases with @entity130 . There is a need to evaluate new methods in order to improve the possibilities of classifying and prognosticating @entity1566 . Methods for assessing central nervous system (CNS) damage using markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have recently been developed. Previous studies have reported @entity538 ( @entity26259 ) and @entity20698 ( @entity20698 ) levels in non-traumatic diseases in the central nervous system. The present study is the first report of @entity26259 and @entity20698 levels in CSF after @entity130 to the cervical spine. Six cases with @entity602 and pronounced @entity51 showed significantly increased concentrations of both @entity26259 and @entity20698 in the CSF. @entity1 with tetrapareses showed higher values than those with @entity130 . Three of the 17 @entity7125 cases had increased levels of @entity20698 , but normal @entity26259 . Assessment of nervous tissue markers in CSF will probably improve possibilities to classify and prognosticate @entity1566 and also to evaluate pharmacological intervention. The increased levels of @entity20698 in three @entity7125 cases indicate @entity16 in a proportion of the cases with @entity51 . Neurological examinations are presently the only tools for grading and prognostication of @entity1566 . Assessment of nervous tissue markers in CSF makes it possible to quantify the degree of nerve cell damage after different types of cervical @entity130 ranging from spinal cord lesions to @entity7125 .

title: Nervous @entity3145 markers in cerebrospinal fluid after cervical spine injuries and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity20698 :: ('4747', 'Gene') :: ['NFL', 'neurofilament protein']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neural damage']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord damage']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash', 'whiplash injuries']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete injuries', 'spine injury', 'trauma', 'incomplete motor injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['whiplash trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review is on renal function in @entity1 with @entity3570 . Risk factors for @entity8 as well specific issues concerning the treatment of @entity177 , renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation are discussed. Relevant work published earlier than 2000 is also considered because of a lack of recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS: Data from adult and paediatric surveys show @entity8 to be the single most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality; even in @entity1 , 30-40% exhibit evidence of @entity8 . Additional factors such as @entity281 and stone formation will then render the kidney more vulnerable to progressive loss of renal mass and subsequent @entity177 . As in other @entity1 with @entity177 , the control of @entity101 , preferably with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and adequate nutrition are mainstays of nephrological care. The modality of dialysis in these @entity1 is complicated by ventriculoperitoneal shunts or urinary stomata in peritoneal dialysis, or difficult vascular access in haemodialysis. Renal transplantation is now considered the optimal treatment for @entity454 in all age groups. Although more prone to complications, recent data on @entity1 with meningomyelocele or severely abnormal lower urinary tracts demonstrate excellent @entity1 and graft outcomes. SUMMARY: The common goal in caring for these @entity1 must be the prevention of progressive @entity8 . However, once @entity177 has occurred, good and safe techniques for renal replacement therapy are available to bridge the time to transplantation, which is undoubtedly the best treatment for these @entity1 .

title: Renal function in meningomyelocele: risk factors, XXXX , renal replacement therapy and transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency', 'chronic renal failure', 'kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: The rumen microbiome plays a vital role in ruminant nutrition and health, and its community is affected by environmental factors. However, little is known about the rumen bacterial community of ruminants living in the special ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) of China. The objectives of this study were to investigate the rumen bacterial community of the typical plateau @entity742 (Tibetan @entity742 , @entity1950 , and Gansu alpine fine-wool @entity742 , @entity1412 ) grazing on the QTP, using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and to evaluate the relationship between the rumen bacterial community and the QTP environment. A total of 116 sequences (201 clones) were examined and divided into 53 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the @entity1950 library and 46 OTUs in the @entity1412 library. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences that belonged to the Firmicutes were the most predominant bacteria in both @entity1950 and @entity1412 libraries, representing 79.4% and 62.8% of the total clones, respectively. The remaining sequences belonged to Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, or were unclassified bacteria. Sequence analysis revealed that the @entity1950 and @entity1412 rumens harbored many novel sequences associated with uncultured bacteria that accounted for 63.6% and 46.8% of the total clones, respectively. Comparison of the composition and diversity of the @entity1950 and @entity1412 rumen bacteria revealed few overlapping known bacteria between the two breeds, and a higher diversity in @entity1950 . The rumen bacteria of the plateau @entity742 showed higher percentages of bacteria that belonged to Firmicutes and novel species compared with the low-elevation @entity742 . The unique bacterial community in the plateau @entity742 rumens is perhaps one of the major reasons that they can adapt to the harsh plateau environment. These results can help identify the rumen bacterial community of the ruminants in the QTP, and provide bacteria resources and basic data to improve ruminant productivity.

title: Bacterial community in the rumen of Tibetan @entity742 and Gansu alpine fine-wool XXXX grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China.

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Background: Effective @entity0 screening should detect early-stage @entity5 and prevent @entity1442 . Objective: To assess the association between screening and the size of detected @entity5 and to estimate overdiagnosis (detection of @entity5 that would not become clinically relevant). Design: Cohort study. Setting: Denmark from 1980 to 2010. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 35 to 84 years. Intervention: Screening programs offering biennial mammography for @entity1 aged 50 to 69 years beginning in different regions at different times. Measurements: Trends in the incidence of advanced (>20 mm) and nonadvanced (<= 20 mm) @entity0 in screened and nonscreened @entity1 were measured. Two approaches were used to estimate the amount of overdiagnosis: comparing the incidence of advance and nonadvanced @entity5 among @entity1 aged 50 to 84 years in screening and nonscreening areas; and comparing the incidence for nonadvanced @entity5 among @entity1 aged 35 to 49, 50 to 69, and 70 to 84 years in screening and nonscreening areas. Results: Screening was not associated with lower incidence of advanced @entity5 . The incidence of nonadvanced @entity5 increased in the screening versus prescreening periods (incidence rate ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.43 to 1.54]). The first estimation approach found that 271 invasive @entity0 and 179 @entity513 in situ (DCIS) lesions were overdiagnosed in 2010 (overdiagnosis rate of 24.4% [including DCIS] and 14.7% [excluding DCIS]). The second approach, which accounted for regional differences in @entity1 younger than the screening age, found that 711 invasive @entity5 and 180 cases of DCIS were overdiagnosed in 2010 (overdiagnosis rate of 48.3% [including DCIS] and 38.6% [excluding DCIS]). Limitation: Regional differences complicate interpretation. Conclusion: @entity0 screening was not associated with a reduction in the incidence of @entity5 . It is likely that 1 in every 3 invasive @entity5 and cases of DCIS diagnosed in @entity1 offered screening represent overdiagnosis (incidence increase of 48.3%). Primary Funding Source: None.

title: XXXX Screening in Denmark: A Cohort Study of Tumor Size and Overdiagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast cancer tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Persistence, more recently termed the chlamydial stress response, is a viable but non-infectious state constituting a divergence from the characteristic chlamydial biphasic developmental cycle. Damage/danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are normal intracellular components or metabolites that, when released from cells, signal cellular damage/lysis. Purine metabolite DAMPs, including extracellular @entity855 and @entity859 , inhibit chlamydial development in a species-specific manner. @entity1800 has been shown to reversibly abrogate @entity1047 inclusion development, suggesting persistence/chlamydial stress. Because @entity1800 can cause host cell DAMP release, we hypothesized DAMPs may influence chlamydial development. Therefore, we examined the effect of extracellular @entity855 , @entity859 , and @entity1919 exposure, at 0 and 14 hours post @entity281 , on @entity11292 and @entity11739 serovar E development. In the absence of de novo host protein synthesis, exposure to DAMPs immediately post or at 14 hours post @entity281 reduced inclusion size; however, the effect was less robust upon 14 hours post @entity281 exposure. Additionally, upon exposure to DAMPs immediately post @entity281 , bacteria per inclusion and subsequent infectivity were reduced in both @entity1047 species. These effects were reversible, and @entity11292 exhibited more pronounced recovery from DAMP exposure. Aberrant bodies, typical in virus-induced chlamydial persistence, were absent upon @entity10370 exposure. In the presence of de novo host protein synthesis, exposure to DAMPs immediately post @entity281 reduced inclusion size, but only variably modulated chlamydial infectivity. Because @entity281 may increase local DAMP concentrations, DAMPs may influence @entity1047 in vivo, particularly in the context of poly-microbial infections.

title: Damage/Danger Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) Modulate @entity1047 pecorum and XXXX Serovar E Inclusion Development In Vitro.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial infection and other infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral co-infection', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['C. trachomatis']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia', 'Chlamydia infection']

answer: @entity11739 :: (813,Species) :: ['C. trachomatis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) treatment has been shown to increase the risk of @entity1576 in @entity1 with stable @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). However, the effects of perioperative @entity4185 treatment on @entity260 after @entity2 surgery have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether perioperative @entity4185 treatment would increase the risk of @entity260 after @entity2 surgery in @entity1 with @entity1030 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 174 consecutive @entity1030 @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy between January 2007 and December 2014. Subjects were grouped based on whether or not they were administered perioperative @entity4185 treatment. @entity260 were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of @entity260 (P  =  0.573) between the perioperative @entity4185 treatment group (n  =  16) and the control group (n  =  158). Perioperative @entity4185 treatment was not significantly associated with @entity260 in the univariate or multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR]  =  0.553, 95  % confidence interval [CI]  =  0.069-4.452, P  =  0.578; OR  =  0.635, 95  % CI  =  0.065-6.158, P  =  0.695, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the @entity260 -free durations between the groups (P  =  0.566), even after propensity score matching (P  =  0.551). CONCLUSION: There was no relationship between perioperative @entity4185 administration and the incidences of @entity260 after surgical resection for @entity1149 in @entity1030 @entity1 .

title: The relationship between perioperative administration of inhaled @entity260 after pulmonary resection for XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative respiratory complications', 'Postoperative cardiopulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['Inhaled corticosteroid', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative psychosocial evaluations of bariatric surgery candidates primarily focus on screening for @entity146 co-morbidities. However, the role of @entity353 expectations and knowledge about surgery can also influence @entity1 ' postoperative behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate preoperative @entity1 knowledge and expectations about postoperative @entity353 . METHODS: Data on the knowledge and expectations were extracted from a database of psychosocial evaluations of 334 bariatric surgery candidates. Expectations were measured by @entity1 report of the expected pounds to be lost. Knowledge was operationalized using the University of Virginia Bariatric Knowledge Scale, a 22-item multiple choice scale, that assesses knowledge about medical, nutritional, and psychosocial components related to bariatric surgery. The data were analyzed using frequencies, descriptive statistics, and analysis of variance. RESULTS: The data on @entity353 expectations from 217 preoperative @entity1 indicated that, compared with the average @entity353 data presented in published reports, 65% of @entity1 overestimated the degree of @entity353 and only 25% of @entity1 maintained accurate expectations of @entity353 . Knowledge data on the nutritional, medical, and behavioral components of the surgery were available for 96 @entity1 . The items frequently answered incorrectly included expected @entity353 and the utility of surgery in increasing the ability to make changes in diet and exercise. The mean body mass index differences were observed to determine the accuracy of @entity353 expectations CONCLUSION: The results of our study have shown that a significant number of bariatric surgery @entity1 present with misconceptions about @entity353 . The preoperative psychosocial evaluation can be used as an intervention to use psychoeducation, @entity73 , and behavioral interventions to improve @entity1 ' knowledge and expectations.

title: Evaluation of expectations and knowledge in bariatric surgery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive restructuring']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Retinal pigment epithelial cells exert an important supporting role in the eye and develop adaptive responses to oxidative stress or high @entity413 levels, as observed during @entity6 . Endogenous antioxidant defences are mainly regulated by @entity13791 , a transcription factor that is activated by naturally-derived and electrophilic compounds. Here we investigated the effect of the @entity13791 activators @entity15626 ( @entity9104 ) and @entity43615 on antioxidant pathways, @entity26 consumption rate and wound healing in @entity1 retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) cultured in medium containing normal (NG, 5mM) or high (HG, 25mM) @entity413 levels. We also assessed wound healing using an in vivo corneal epithelial injury model. We found that @entity13791 nuclear translocation and heme oxygenase activity increased in ARPE cells treated with 10 M @entity9104 or @entity43615 irrespective of @entity413 culture conditions. However, HG rendered retinal cells more sensitive to regulators of @entity2041 synthesis or inhibition and caused a decrease of both cellular and mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species. Culture in HG also reduced @entity855 production and mitochondrial function as measured with the Seahorse XF analyzer and electron microscopy analysis revealed morphologically damaged mitochondria. Acute treatment with @entity9104 or @entity43615 did not restore mitochondrial function in HG cells; conversely, the compounds reduced cellular maximal respiratory and reserve capacity, which were completely prevented by @entity898 thus suggesting the involvement of @entity1433 in this effect. Interestingly, the scratch assay showed that wound closure was faster in cells cultured in HG than NG and was accelerated by @entity43615 . This effect was reversed by an inhibitor of @entity1446 oxygenase activity. Moreover, topical application of @entity43615 to the @entity267 of @entity6 @entity35 significantly accelerated wound healing. In summary, these data indicate that culture of retinal epithelial cells in HG does not affect the activation of the @entity13791 /heme oxygenase axis but influences other crucial oxidative and mitochondrial-dependent cellular functions. The additional effect on wound closure suggests that results obtained in in vitro experimental settings need to be carefully evaluated in the context of the @entity413 concentrations used in cell culture.

title: @entity13791 activators modulate oxidative stress responses and bioenergetic profiles of @entity1 retinal epithelial cells cultured in normal or high XXXX conditions.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylfumarate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Non-immune causes of @entity4296 are rare but frequently fatal. Identification of the cause for @entity4296 is essential to institute therapy. Chorangiomatosis and @entity1944 have not been previously reported as aetiological factors for the development of @entity4 . We report a fetus born with @entity4 associated with both of these conditions. A 1575 gms preterm neonate was born to a multigravida at 31 weeks of gestation. Emergency caesarean section was performed after detection of @entity4 by prenatal ultrasonography. Baby had generalized @entity4 at birth and died after 3 days due to progressive @entity712 . At autopsy there was generalized @entity4 and @entity1143 . There were multiple stenotic segments in the intestine. Placenta showed @entity2695 varying from 0.2 to 3 cm in diameter, hence diagnosed as @entity5278 . Examination of the placenta at neonatal autopsy is an essential part of assessment for @entity4296 . Chorangiomatosis is a rare and under reported condition which can cause @entity3465 , @entity1592 , @entity1468 and rarely @entity4296 .

title: @entity5278 of the placenta with XXXX of the fetus: combination of rare causes for nonimmune @entity4296 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['effusions']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['numerous chorangiomas']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity5278 :: ('MESH:C537374', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse multifocal chorangiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops fetalis']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['multiple intestinal stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background:In 2007, an @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) (AC) service was implemented in the North of the Netherlands to support General Practitioners (GPs) by providing advice from pulmonologists on a systematic basis.Aims:To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of this service on @entity1 -related outcomes.Methods:We report baseline data on 11,401 @entity1 and follow-up data from 2,556 @entity1 . GPs can refer all @entity1 with @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) to the service, which is conducted by the local laboratory. @entity1 are assessed in the laboratory using questionnaires and spirometry. Pulmonologists inspect the data through the internet and send the GP diagnosis and management advice.Results:A total of 11,401 @entity1 were assessed by the service, covering almost 60% of all adult @entity1 with projected @entity565 or @entity1030 in the area. In all, 46% (n=5,268) of the @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity565 , 18% (n=2,019) with @entity1030 and 7% (n=788) with the overlap syndrome. A total of 740 (7%) @entity1 were followed up after 3 months because the GP advised them to change medication. In this group, the proportion of unstable @entity1030 @entity1 (Clinical @entity1030 Questionnaire (CCQ)   1) decreased from 63% (n=92) at baseline to 49% (n=72). The proportion of @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity565 ( @entity565 Control Questionnaire (ACQ)   1.5) decreased from 41% (n=204) to 23% (n=115). In all, 938 (8%) @entity1 were followed up after 12 months. From these @entity1 , the proportion of unstable @entity1030 @entity1 (CCQ   1) decreased from 47% (n=115) to 44% (n=107). The proportion of @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity565 (ACQ   1.5) decreased from 16% (n=95) to 14% (n=85).Conclusion:The AC service assessed a considerable proportion of @entity1 with @entity1224 in the area, improved @entity1 ' outcomes, and is considered to be feasible and effective.

title: Feasibility and effectiveness of an XXXX / @entity1030 service for primary care: a cross-sectional baseline description and longitudinal results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['possible obstructive airway disease', 'OAD']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: @entity734 to @entity167 was induced in @entity35 and the rates of hepatic oxidation of @entity7679 to @entity17407 and of the subsequent conjugation of @entity17407 were studied using isolated perfused livers. Seven to 11.2 g of @entity1068 per kg body weight per day were given to @entity35 in 2 divided doses at 10 a.m. and at 8 p.m. for 7, 9, 11, and 13 consecutive days. All @entity35 surviving these courses of @entity1068 administration have demonstrated moderate degrees of withdrawal signs. In the isolated perfused livers obtained from these @entity167 dependent @entity35 , 100 microM @entity7679 was infused. The rate of @entity17407 formation was increased from 36 to 50 nmoles per min per g of liver tissue. This increase has occurred without significant changes of the liver weights. With such increase in the rate of mixed function oxidation, greater amounts of the @entity17407 metabolite were conjugated not only to glucuronide (from 4.9 to 6.7 nmoles), but also to @entity48153 (from 27.6 to 42.1 nmoles). Furthermore, a greater percentage of the produced metabolite was conjugated in the @entity1068 treated @entity35 liver. A high concentration of @entity17407 (100 microM) was also infused in order to determine the effect of chronic @entity167 administration on the maximal available rates of conjugation. Results indicated that the maximal rates of conjugation were significantly decreased. However, these decreased conjugation rates were still much greater than the maximal production rate for @entity17407 from the infused @entity7679 , for which the rate of oxidation has been elevated by the chronic @entity1068 treatment. Thus, the livers obtained from @entity35 chronically treated with @entity167 have increased rates for both the initial drug oxidation and the subsequent conjugation, even though the maximal rates of conjugation, per se, are reduced.

title: Induction of physical dependence by chronic @entity167 treatment and enhancement of hepatic metabolism of XXXX and subsequent conjugation of its metabolite in perfused @entity35 livers.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity48153 :: ('CHEBI:26819', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate ester']

entities_list: @entity17407 :: ('MESH:C031477', 'Chemical') :: ['7-hydroxycoumarin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Physical dependence']

entities_list: @entity7679 :: ('MESH:C017299', 'Chemical') :: ['7-ethoxycoumarin']

answer: @entity7679 :: (MESH:C017299,Chemical) :: ['7-ethoxycoumarin']


abstract: AIMS: The immunohistochemical expression of @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) and galectin-3 was evaluated in 69 thyroid lesions to assess their potential as markers in the diagnosis and classification of @entity1374 . The following were studied: 26 cases of @entity1377 , 12 of @entity189 , 20 @entity652 , two @entity189 , one @entity189 and eight multinodular goitres. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded thyroid tissues were stained immunohistochemically for both @entity4166 and galectin-3. @entity4166 expression was found in all 26 @entity1377 , five of 12 @entity189 , two of two @entity189 and one case of @entity189 . Only five of 20 @entity652 were positive for @entity4166 , and this was in a focal distribution. Two of eight multinodular goitres stained focally positive. Galectin-3 expression was found in 22 of 26 @entity189 and one of two cases of @entity189 . Only two of 20 @entity652 were positive. Three of eight multinodular goitres showed focal galectin-3 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the immunohistochemical localization of @entity4166 and of galectin-3 is a useful adjunct to the histopathological diagnosis of a solitary thyroid lesion. The expression of @entity4166 favours a diagnosis of @entity1377 in all its variant patterns. Galectin-3 may serve as a marker for the @entity189 , particularly the minimally invasive form.

title: XXXX and galectin-3 immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodules.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas, 12 of 12 follicular carcinomas', 'follicular carcinomas', 'medullary carcinoma', 'anaplastic carcinoma', 'recognition of follicular carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma', 'medullary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['follicular adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy']

answer: @entity4166 :: (3880,Gene) :: ['Cytokeratin 19']


abstract: This study describes a HPLC method to determine the concentrations of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) and @entity3785 (SA) in @entity1 stratum corneum and in plasma. The stratum corneum layers for @entity1281 /SA analysis were removed from three @entity1 with @entity1931 treated with topical and oral @entity117 . Blood samples were also collected from the same @entity1 . Tape strippings were placed in @entity1626 and sonicated for 15 min. After centrifuging, aliquots of the supernatant were injected into the chromatograph. @entity1281 and SA from plasma samples were extracted on Isolute C8 columns. Due to interfering peaks in the tape samples, HPLC conditions were slightly different for tape and plasma samples. @entity1281 and SA were separated on a LiChrospher 100 RP-18 column at 1 ml/min using a water- @entity1391 buffer (pH 2.5)- @entity1626 mobile phase (35:40:25, v/v/v). A linear response to quantities of @entity1281 from 0.1 to 100 microg/cm2 and of SA from 0.1 to 5 microg/cm2 in tape and to quantities of @entity1281 0.1 to 2 microg/ml and 1 to 50 microg/ml was obtained and the recovery from tape and plasma samples was over 98%. The method is sensitive (0.1 microg/cm2) and specific enough to allow the determination of the drugs in the skin not only after topical but also after oral administration. A good sensitivity was also obtained in plasma (0.1 microg/ml) allowing study of the kinetics of @entity1281 and SA in plasma after oral administration. Concentrations of @entity1281 after topical administration were 100-200 times higher than after oral administration. Plasma levels of @entity1281 and SA after oral administration were similar to those previously found. No @entity1281 or SA were detected in plasma after topical @entity1281 administration.

title: Determination of @entity117 and XXXX in skin and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity3785 :: (MESH:D020156,Chemical) :: ['salicylic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) are prone to developing duodenal @entity652 and @entity5 . Optimal surveillance and management of these @entity652 are not well established. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the outcome of @entity1412 @entity1 undergoing intense multimodal surveillance and subsequent endoscopic resection of advanced lesions. @entity1 : Eighty consecutive @entity1412 @entity1 enrolled during 2001 to 2011 from the @entity5 Clinic of a tertiary hospital as part of routine surveillance. DESIGN: Case series, prospective in years 2006 to 2011 and retrospective in years 2001 to  2006. SETTING AND INTERVENTION: @entity1 were followed by annual forward-view and/or side-view upper endoscopy. A  biopsy sample was obtained from visible lesions and normal papillae. Ampullary @entity652 were further assessed by EUS to determine dimensions and resectability. Advanced @entity652 (size  >=  10  mm, villous type, high-grade @entity1141 ) underwent endoscopic ampullectomy or polypectomy and continued surveillance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Detection of advanced @entity652 by endoscopy and EUS, endoscopic maintenance of duodenum free of advanced @entity652 and @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity1 (38 @entity1 and 42 @entity1 , mean age 32.68    13.60) were followed 7.2 years and underwent 5.36  diagnostic studies on average. Thirty-eight @entity1 had ampullary @entity652 . Advanced @entity652 was diagnosed by endoscopy in 10 @entity1 . Importantly, EUS upstaged 9 additional @entity1 to advanced @entity652 and downstaged 1, thus altering the treatment course in 36% of @entity1 performing EUS. Endoscopic ampullectomy was performed in 15 @entity1 . @entity652 recurred in 10. Five remained nonadvanced and 5 in advanced stages: 3 were successfully retreated endoscopically and 2 ultimately required surgery for residual @entity652 . @entity652 were successfully resected endoscopically in 23 @entity1 . No @entity1 had @entity5 during the study period. LIMITATIONS: Limited follow-up period, young age group, uncontrolled study. CONCLUSIONS: In an intense surveillance program for @entity1412 @entity1 , both endoscopy and EUS were key in accurate selection of advanced @entity652 for endoscopic resection. During a 10-year period, only 2 @entity1 required elective surgery and no @entity5 was observed.

title: Endoscopy and EUS are key for effective surveillance and management of duodenal XXXX in @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal cancer', 'Familial Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoma', 'Advanced nonampullary adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Little information is available on @entity3147 -related factors among school-aged @entity1 >= 5 years in Ethiopia. This study describes the prevalence of stunting and @entity14968 and their related factors in Libo Kemkem and Fogera, Amhara Regional State and assesses differences between urban and rural areas. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, anthropometrics and individual and household characteristics data were collected from 886 @entity1 . Height-for-age z-score for stunting and body-mass-index-for-age z-score for @entity14968 were computed. Dietary data were collected through a 24-hour recall. Bivariate and backward stepwise multivariable statistical methods were employed to assess @entity3147 -associated factors in rural and urban communities. RESULTS: The prevalence of stunting among school-aged @entity1 was 42.7% in rural areas and 29.2% in urban areas, while the corresponding figures for @entity14968 were 21.6% and 20.8%. Age differences were significant in both strata. In the rural setting, fever in the previous 2 weeks (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.23-2.32), consumption of food from animal sources (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29-0.91) and consumption of the family's own @entity291 products (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.27-0.93), among others factors were significantly associated with stunting, while in the urban setting, only age (OR: 4.62; 95% CI: 2.09-10.21) and years of schooling of the @entity1 in charge of food preparation were significant (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.97). @entity14968 was statistically associated with number of @entity1 living in the house (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03-1.60) and family @entity579 cultivation (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.41-0.99) in the rural setting, and with consumption of food from animal sources (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10-0.67) and literacy of head of household (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09-0.65) in the urban setting. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of stunting was significantly higher in rural areas, whereas no significant differences were observed for @entity14968 . Various factors were associated with one or both types of @entity3147 , and varied by type of setting. To effectively tackle @entity3147 , nutritional programs should be oriented to local needs.

title: Cross-Sectional Study of @entity3147 and Associated Factors among School Aged XXXX in Rural and Urban Settings of Fogera and Libo Kemkem Districts, Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity14968 :: ('MESH:D013851', 'Disease') :: ['thinness', 'Thinness']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe practical experiences in the sharing of very large digital data bases of histopathological imagery via the Internet, by investigators working in Europe, North America, and South America. MATERIALS: Experiences derived from medium power (sampling density 2.4 pixels/microm) and high power (6 pixels/microm) imagery of prostatic tissues, skin shave biopsies, @entity1558 , endometrial sections, and @entity1049 . Most of the data included in this paper were from prostate. In particular, 1168 histological images of normal prostate, high grade @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ), and @entity263 ( @entity263 ) were recorded, archived in an image format developed at the Optical Sciences Center (OSC), University of Arizona, and transmitted to Ancona, Italy, as JPEG (joint photographic experts group) files. Images were downloaded for review using the Internet application FTP (file transfer protocol). The images were then sent from Ancona to other laboratories for additional histopathological review and quantitative analyses. They were viewed using Adobe Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, and Imaging for Windows. For karyometric analysis full resolution imagery was used, whereas histometric analyses were carried out on JPEG imagery also. RESULTS: The three applications of the telecommunication system were remote histopathological assessment, remote data acquisition, and selection of material. Typical data volumes for each project ranged from 120 megabytes to one gigabyte, and transmission times were usually less than one hour. There were only negligible transmission errors, and no problem in efficient @entity497 , although real time @entity497 was an exception, because of the time zone differences. As far as the remote histopathological assessment of the prostate was concerned, agreement between the pathologist's electronic diagnosis and the diagnostic label applied to the images by the recording scientist was present in 96.6% of instances. When these images were forwarded to two pathologists, the level of concordance with the reviewing pathologist who originally downloaded the files from Tucson was as high as 97.2% and 98.0%. Initial results of studies made by researchers belonging to our group but located in others laboratories showed the feasibility of making quantitative analysis on the same images. CONCLUSIONS: These experiences show that diagnostic teleconsultation and quantitative image analyses via the Internet are not only feasible, but practical, and allow a close collaboration between researchers widely separated by geographical distance and analytical resources.

title: Transcontinental XXXX and quantitative digital histopathology via the Internet; with special reference to prostate neoplasia.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['communication']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'PIN']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['communication']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the use and the impact of echocardiography in @entity1 receiving an initial diagnosis of @entity712 in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 1991. BACKGROUND: The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association clinical practice guidelines recommend echocardiography in all @entity1 with suspected @entity712 . No data are available on use and impact of echocardiography in management of @entity712 in a community. METHODS: The medical records linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project was used to identify all 216 @entity1 who satisfied the Framingham criteria for @entity712 . Of these, 137 (63%) underwent echocardiography within 3 weeks before or after the episode of @entity712 (Echo group), and the other 79 @entity1 constitute the No-Echo group. RESULTS: The No-Echo group @entity1 were older (p=0.022), were more likely to be female (p=0.072), had milder symptoms (p=0.001) and were less often hospitalized at diagnosis (p=0.001). Fewer @entity1 in the No-Echo group were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (p=0.001). Advanced age (> or = 80 years), lower New York Heart Association functional class, absence of a fourth heart sound on examination, absence of @entity1283 or signs of @entity712 on chest radiography and absence of known @entity340 were independently related to the decision not to obtain an echocardiogram. Survival after adjustment for age, functional class and gender was lower in the No-Echo group than the Echo group (risk ratio=0.607, p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The underuse of echocardiography appears to be associated with poorer survival and underuse of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy.

title: Use of echocardiography in the management of XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: A growing number of arenaviruses are known to cause @entity26495 ( @entity7593 ), a severe and life-threatening syndrome characterized by fever, malaise, and increased vascular permeability. @entity5371 , the only licensed antiviral indicated for the treatment of certain arenaviral HFs, has had mixed success and significant @entity137 . Since severe @entity281 initially do not present with distinguishing symptoms and are difficult to clinically diagnose at early stages, it is of utmost importance to identify antiviral therapies effective at later stages of @entity281 . We have previously reported that T-705, a substituted @entity34878 derivative currently under development as an anti- @entity683 drug, is highly active in hamsters infected with @entity8815 when the drug is administered orally early during the course of @entity281 . Here we demonstrate that T-705 offers significant protection against this lethal arenaviral @entity281 in hamsters when treatment is begun after the animals are ill and the day before the animals begin to succumb to disease. Importantly, this coincides with the time when peak viral loads are present in most organs and considerable tissue damage is evident. We also show that T-705 is as effective as, and less toxic than, @entity5371 , as infected T-705-treated hamsters on average maintain their weight better and recover more rapidly than animals treated with @entity5371 . Further, there was no added benefit to combination therapy with T-705 and @entity5371 . Finally, pharmacokinetic data indicate that plasma T-705 levels following oral administration are markedly reduced during the latter stages of disease, and may contribute to the reduced efficacy seen when treatment is withheld until day 7 of @entity281 . Our findings support further pre-clinical development of T-705 for the treatment of severe @entity281 .

title: Treatment of late stage disease in a model of XXXX : T-705 efficacy and reduced @entity137 suggests an alternative to @entity5371 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8815 :: ('11630', 'Species') :: ['Pichinde virus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['arenaviral infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity26495 :: ('MESH:D006482', 'Disease') :: ['viral hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity34878 :: ('CHEBI:30953', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazine']

entities_list: @entity5371 :: ('MESH:D012254', 'Chemical') :: ['ribavirin', 'Ribavirin']

answer: @entity7593 :: (MESH:D006478,Disease) :: ['arenaviral hemorrhagic fever']


abstract: Asthma is known to have a direct impact on the quality of life of @entity1 with @entity565 and their families as a consequence of the attacks on day-to-day life. Psychopathological factors may be associated with poor quality of life by modulating the handicap and the @entity1 's experience of it. The authors' objective was to evaluate the relationship between emotional and @entity146 and quality of life, as assessed by the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire. The study group consisted of 100 adolescent outpatients with @entity565 who were undergoing regular checkups: 70 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 , ages 12 to 19. They were evaluated by means of self-administered questionnaires completed by their parents. Path analysis was used to propose a model of relationships between psychopathology and quality of life. The quality of life of the @entity1 with @entity565 and their parents was clearly associated with the presence or absence of @entity458 in the @entity1 . Emotional problems were associated with the quality of life of both the @entity1 and their parents; @entity146 had a smaller effect on the quality of life of the parents only. The authors proposed a structural model of the quality of life of adolescents with @entity565 and their parents in which quality of life is dependent on psychological variables and is responsible for emotional problems. Multivariate analyses indicated that the quality of life of the @entity1 with @entity565 and their parents and the correlation between quality of life and psychopathology depended little on medical variables such as the duration of illness, its pretreatment severity, or hospitalizations in the past year. In contrast, the quality of life of the parents depended on that of the @entity1 and vice versa. This study showed that scores on the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire reflected not only the medical status of the @entity1 but also psychological variables, which appeared to be a consequence of the functional handicap associated with @entity565 . @entity1 who assess the quality of their lives as poor would benefit from psychological evaluation and support.

title: Psychopathology and quality of life for adolescents with XXXX and their parents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity339 resulting from native @entity340 underwent mitral valve repair. Six @entity1 had @entity1503 and active @entity281 . Sixteen @entity1 were cured of active @entity281 , but @entity339 developed as a result of prior @entity281 . Mean age was 48.5 +/- 21.7 years; 13 (59%) were male. Mean New York Heart Association functional class was 2.6 +/- 1.2. @entity66 were present in 11 (50%) @entity1 . @entity340 included leaflet perforation in 13 @entity1 , @entity397 or elongation in 14, @entity47 in 5; and annular abscess in 1. In @entity1 with @entity697 all macroscopically infected tissue was excised. Multiple techniques were required to achieve valve competence. Suture or patch closure of perforation was done in 14 @entity1 , chordal shortening or transfer in 9, leaflet resection and closure in 4, leaflet resection with pericardial patching in 5, and annuloplasty in 15. Mitral valvuloplasty was combined with other procedures in 11 (50%) @entity1 . There were two (9%) hospital deaths, both occurring in @entity1 with healed @entity884 . There was one (9%) death in a @entity1 undergoing an isolated procedure and one (9%) in a @entity1 undergoing a combined procedure. Mean follow-up was 24 +/- 16.8 months and was complete. Seventeen (85%) were in New York Heart Association functional class I, and three (15%) were in class II. There were no late deaths, reoperations, recurrent @entity884 , @entity1031 events, or other valve-related morbidity. We conclude that mitral valve repair for insufficiency resulting from @entity3555 (1) is possible in acute and healed disease, (2) has a low operative mortality, and (3) has resulted in @entity1 free of recurrent @entity281 and valve-related morbidity and mortality. Mitral valve repair is an attractive alternate to valve replacement in @entity3555 .

title: Mitral valve repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple valve lesions']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['acute endocarditis with positive blood cultures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'valve infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['chordal rupture']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Valve abnormalities', 'valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity3555 :: (MESH:D004697,Disease) :: ['bacterial endocarditis']


abstract: Background. @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 in the UK, yet only 50% of @entity301 @entity1 receive appropriate secondary prevention. Objectives. To explore GP attitudes to evidence about @entity301 , and to identify factors influencing the implementation of secondary prevention in GP consultations. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups exploring consultations with @entity1 previously diagnosed as having @entity301 . RESULTS: Use of evidence is influenced by credibility. Lack of time was the greatest barrier to accessing evidence and to implementing secondary prevention. @entity1 were more likely to receive secondary prevention in a dedicated clinic. @entity1 characteristics including physical and mental co-morbidity mitigate against secondary prevention. GPs experienced difficulty balancing implementation of evidence with the demands of the doctor- @entity1 relationship. CONCLUSIONS: The doctor- @entity1 relationship may act as a barrier to the delivery of secondary prevention in primary care. It may be time to re-evaluate models of these relationships and reconsider the strategies for implementing evidence.

title: 'I saw the panic rise in her eyes, and evidence-based medicine went out of the door.' An exploratory qualitative study of the barriers to secondary prevention in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) medications introduced about 20 years ago are increasingly used to treat @entity146 illnesses in @entity1 and adolescents. There has been a five-fold increase in the use of these medications in U.S. @entity1 and adolescents in the past decade. However, there has also been a parallel rise in the incidence of side effects associated with these medications, such as @entity28 , @entity2299 , @entity2690 resistance, and @entity6 . Despite the severity of these complications and their financial impact on the national healthcare budget, there is neither a clear understanding of the mechanisms contributing to these side effects nor the best ways to address them. Studies that examined lifestyle modification and pharmaceutical agents have yielded mixed results. Therefore, clinical studies using agents, such as @entity560 , which are inexpensive, readily available, with low side effects profile, and have mechanisms to counteract the metabolic side effects of SGA agents, are warranted. @entity560 is a prohormone with skeletal and extraskeletal properties that could potentially reduce the severity of these metabolic side effects. Its role as an adjunctive therapy for the management of metabolic side effects of SGA agents has not been adequately studied. Effective strategies to curb these side effects will improve the overall health of youths with @entity146 illnesses who receive SGAs. Herein we present a pilot study on the use of @entity560 in @entity1 on treatment with SGAs.

title: A potential role for adjunctive XXXX therapy in the management of weight gain and metabolic side effects of second-generation antipsychotics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of @entity1712 is increasing. A Pubmed search for ' @entity1712 ' and ' @entity5202 ' yielded 345 publications since 1976. Only seven were in otolaryngology journals.1-7 @entity1 typically present with @entity1282 , @entity391 , @entity2210 or food impaction and are therefore usually referred to a paediatric gastroenterologist; otolaryngologists are not usually involved in management. A missed diagnosis may result in oesophageal stricture. METHODS: Two @entity1 , aged two and four years, were referred to the paediatric otolaryngology department with intermittent upper oesophageal food impaction. A paediatric gastroenterologist was involved in the investigation. Histological examination of oesophageal biopsies demonstrated changes consistent with @entity1712 . RESULTS: Both @entity1 were expediently diagnosed, investigated and managed. CONCLUSION: A diagnosis of @entity1712 must be considered in @entity1 presenting with food @entity3355 . Early involvement of a paediatric gastroenterology team in the diagnosis is recommended in @entity1 presenting with oesophageal symptoms, in order to avoid delayed diagnosis.

title: Paediatric XXXX presenting to the otolaryngologist.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['bolus impaction']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic oesophagitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore etiology, clinical manifestation and immunological changes of @entity55 in Chengdu area. METHODS: Serum specimens were collected from 111 @entity1 with @entity55 . Eight viral and mycoplasmal specific serum IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), total IgG and its subclasses, IgA and IgM were determined by rate scattered nephelometry; T lymphocyte subpopulations were detected by @entity1885 -streptavidin-peroxidase method, and clinical and other laboratory data were analyzed. RESULTS: (1) Etiological agents: specific serum IgM antibodies were positive in 40 of 111 cases (36.0%) with @entity55 . All the 30 control @entity1 were negative for the specific serum IgM antibodies. Among 111 @entity1 with @entity55 , 20.7% had single viral or mycoplasmal @entity281 , 40.5% had @entity2348 , 15.3% had viral and mycoplasmal @entity281 with @entity2348 ; 23.4% had @entity281 with unknown agents. (2) The most common clinical manifestations were @entity7405 and @entity848 . The next were cough, milk choking, rales, retractions of the supraclavicular, intercostal and subcostal areas. Roentgenographic examination commonly revealed vague opacities, increased density and patchy infiltration. (3) Immune status: (1) @entity1050 (3), @entity1050 (4) cell counts of @entity1 with @entity55 were lower than those of the controls while their serum IgA, IgM concentrations were higher than those of the control. (2) The @entity1050 (3) and @entity1050 (4) cell counts of the group with @entity2348 were lower than those of the control group. (3) The serum IgA concentration of the group with viral and mycoplasmal @entity281 was higher than those of the control group and the group with unknown @entity281 . (4) The serum IgM concentration of the group with @entity2348 was higher than those of the control group. (5) There were no significant differences in @entity1050 (8) cell counts, @entity1050 (4)/ @entity1050 (8), concentration of serum IgG and IgG(1 - 4) between @entity55 group and the control group, and among various infectious groups and the control. CONCLUSION: Pathogens of neonatal @entity55 in Chengdu area included single viral or mycoplasmic @entity281 or @entity281 with @entity281 . Immunological changes of newborn @entity1 suffered from @entity55 included declined @entity1050 (3) and @entity1050 (4) cell counts, particularly in @entity2348 .

title: [Clinical and immunological studies on neonatal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['infectious pneumonia of neonates', 'infectious pneumonia', 'pneumonias', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection, and unknown infection', 'infection', 'bacterial infection, viral and mycoplasmal infection']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['infectious pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the use and advantages of combining the posterior petrosal approach with the anterior petrosal approach to @entity1653 . METHODS: Seven cases of @entity1653 operated on via the combined petrosal approach were retrospectively analyzed. The basis on which this approach was selected was assessed, as were its benefits and risks. RESULTS: Gross total resection was achieved in five of the seven @entity1 . No mortality or decrease in Karnofsky performance score was observed at the time of the last follow-up examination. Six of the seven @entity1 had serviceable hearing before the operation. Only one @entity1 lost hearing after the operation, and this @entity393 occurred in only one ear. Before the operation, six @entity1 were House-Brackmann facial nerve function Grade I, and one @entity1 was Grade II to III. At the last follow-up examination, facial nerve function was Grade I in five @entity1 , Grade II in one @entity1 , and Grade V in one @entity1 . @entity5 in all @entity1 involved the cavernous sinus, Meckel's cave, petroclival junction, and middle clivus. All @entity1 possessed a large posterior fossa component of @entity5 measuring an average of 3.6 x 3.5 x 4.2 cm. In four @entity1 , the @entity5 was attached for the entire width of the clivus to the contralateral petroclival junction. Four @entity1 @entity2850 . Four @entity1 displayed bony changes at the petrous apex. All @entity1 displayed total or partial encasement of the vertebrobasilar artery and its major branches. CONCLUSION: The combined petrosal approach should be considered for @entity1 who have a large @entity1653 and serviceable hearing. This approach enhances petroclival exposure and the degree of @entity5 resection, especially in the area of the petroclival junction, middle clivus, apical petrous bone, posterior cavernous sinus, and Meckel's cave. The combined petrosal approach also allows better visualization of the contralateral side and the ventral brainstem, which facilitates safe dissection of the @entity5 from the brainstem, the basilar artery, and the perforators. If a @entity1 has an early draining bridging vein to the tentorial sinus (before it reaches the transverse-sigmoid junction) or a prominent sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb, the combined petrosal approach provides significant working space.

title: Combined petrosal approach to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['displayed central brainstem compression']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['petroclival meningiomas', 'petroclival meningioma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['petroclival meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors conducted a prospective study to investigate the efficacy of kryorhizotomy, an alternative procedure for lumbar medial branch neurotomy, in the treatment of @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). METHOD: Fifty @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 , in whom @entity158 was relieved by controlled diagnostic medial branch blocks of the lumbar zygapophyseal (facet) joints, underwent lumbar medial branch kryorhizotomy. Outcome was evaluated using the Visual Analog Pain Scales and assessment of work capacity. All outcome measures were repeated at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. At 1-year follow-up examination, 31 (62%) of 50 @entity1 experienced a good response to lumbar facet kryorhizotomy. Good results with @entity158 relief of 50% or more were obtained in 85% of @entity1 without previous spinal surgery but only in 46% who had undergone previous spinal surgery. This difference was statistically significant. In five @entity1 (16%) in whom a good initial benefit was observed but who experienced increased @entity158 within 6 weeks after kryorhizotomy, the beneficial result was regained after an early repeated procedure. There were no side effects. Overall, 19 (38%) of 50 procedures were not considered successful. In six of these 19 cases a rigid stabilization of the involved segment provided permanent @entity158 relief. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study, @entity1 with @entity2649 who have not undergone previous spinal surgery benefit significantly from percutaneous lumbar kryorhizotomy. Kryorhizotomy, which has virtually no risk, seems to be a valuable alternative technique to lumbar medial branch neurotomy.

title: Kryorhizotomy: an alternative technique for lumbar medial branch rhizotomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LFS', 'lumbar facet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar facet syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Radiotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment of @entity5 @entity1 . In the early 90s, combined treatment with chemotherapy was introduced. In 1995, a metaanalysis showed improved treatment outcome of the sequential use of cisplatinbased chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared to radiotherapy alone. Subsequent randomized studies and two metaanalyses demonstrated that concurrent radiochemotherapy is superior (local control and overall survival) to sequential usage of both method. However, several questions remain unanswered concerning the optimal chemotherapy regimen and radiotherapy doses and techniques in terms of treatment outcome and @entity137 profile. Targeted therapies represent a new class of drugs, which interfere with specific molecular targets (typically proteins) playing critical roles in @entity5 growth and progression. Some combinations appear to be too toxic, such as the vascular epithelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab. The feasibility of adding the @entity470 inhibitor cetuximab has been recently reported for @entity1149 @entity1 . Strategies to incorporate safely novel antiangiogenic agents into combinedmodality therapy in @entity2 are needed. Hopefully, rapid development of molecular oncology will contribute to better @entity1 selection to particular strategies and to treatment optimization. Increasing radiotherapy doses applied according to uptodate techniques and combinations with new bio-logicals might lead to further treatment improvements.Key words: lung neoplasms - chemotherapy - radiotherapy - drug therapy.

title: Combining Systemic Therapies with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Radiation in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower levels of cognitive function have been found to be associated with higher mortality in older @entity1 , particularly in @entity303 , but the association in @entity1 with other @entity146 is still inconclusive. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Data were analysed from a large mental health case register serving a geographic catchment of 1.23 million residents, and associations were investigated between cognitive function measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and survival in @entity1 aged 65 years old and over. Cox regressions were carried out, adjusting for age, gender, @entity146 diagnosis, ethnicity, marital status, and area-level socioeconomic index. A total of 6,704 subjects were involved, including 3,368 of them having a @entity303 diagnosis and 3,336 of them with @entity308 or other diagnoses. Descriptive outcomes by Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant differences between those with normal and @entity73 (MMSE score<25), regardless of a @entity303 diagnosis. As a whole, the group with lower cognitive function had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.28, 1.58) regardless of diagnosis. An HR of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.28) per quintile increment of MMSE was also estimated after confounding control. A linear trend of MMSE in quintiles was observed for the subgroups of @entity303 and other non- @entity303 diagnoses (both p-values<0.001). However, a threshold effect of MMSE score under 20 was found for the specific diagnosis subgroups of @entity308 . CONCLUSION: Current study identified an association between @entity73 and increased mortality in older @entity1 using secondary mental health services regardless of a @entity303 diagnosis. Causal pathways between this exposure and outcome (for example, suboptimal healthcare) need further investigation.

title: Mini-mental state examination as a predictor of mortality among older XXXX referred to secondary mental healthcare.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'impaired cognitive function']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity460 @entity1790 is associated with an increased risk of @entity170 and @entity174 . @entity5200 has been assumed to be pathogenic for @entity604 in @entity1290 formers (KSF), although this association was shown in small cross-sectional studies. We explored the association of urine @entity460 (UCaV) with @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in KSF. METHODS: We retrospectively studied @entity79 in KSF. Excluded were subjects with @entity2741 , @entity102 , @entity459 , @entity8 or endogenous @entity1011 clearance <40 ml/min. We included 250 males and 182 females, subdivided into premenopausal, @entity172 -treated postmenopausal (E+) (N=145) and non- @entity172 -treated postmenopausal (E-) (N=37). We assessed the association between @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ) and femoral neck (FN) @entity79 and 24-hour UCaV (under random and restricted diet, and fasting state) using univariable and multivariable models adjusting for BMI, urine @entity1372 and @entity597 . RESULTS: In multivariable analysis, no significant association found between UCaV under random and restricted diet, or fasting conditions (FS), and FN or @entity3570 @entity79 in @entity1 and E+ @entity1 . In E- @entity1 , @entity3570 @entity79 was inversely correlated with UCaV with restricted diet (r=-0.38, P=0.04 and adjusted r=-0.45, P=0.02) and in FS (r=-0.42, P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous small cross-sectional studies, we found no significant relationship between UCaV and @entity79 in a large group of @entity460 KSF. However, a significant inverse relationship was found in E- KSF only. This study suggests that mechanism(s) other than @entity5200 explain lower @entity79 and higher @entity174 risk in @entity1 with KSF, and highlights the role of @entity172 on integrity of the bone.

title: Relationship between Urinary @entity460 and Bone Mineral Density in @entity1 with XXXX @entity1790 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spine', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['distal renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stone']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium', 'calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalciuria', 'hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have the characteristics of rapid proliferation, high efficiency, and broad spectrum in killing of @entity5 cells. However, there was few report about its clinical application on treatment for @entity5 @entity1 . The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of adoptive transfer of autologous CIK cells on the @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the @entity1 with advanced @entity5 were separated by fractionation on Ficoll-Hypaque gradient, then cultured in the medium containing @entity379 , @entity1199 , and CD3McAb for 7 days in vitro, and than the cultured auto-CIK cells were transfused back to the @entity1 . The numbers of transferred CIK cells per @entity1 were 5-15 x 10(9) in one course of treatment. Among these @entity1 , 47 cases received chemotherapy, 3 cases received radiotherapy before CIK cells transfusion. The interval between chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy was over 2 to 4 weeks. RESULTS: Among 63 @entity1 receiving CIK cells immunotherapy, the total effective rate (PR + MR) was 44.46% (28). In the @entity1 with increasing of @entity787 level in serum, 14 cases showed reduction of serum @entity787 and 1 cases remained increasing after the treatment with CIK cell. In the @entity1 with increasing of @entity160 level in serum, similarly, 9 cases showed reduction of serum AFD and 1 case remained increasing. The absolute members of CD3, @entity404 , and CD8T cells increased to over 45% after being treated with CIK cells. Among treated @entity1 , the appetite of 51 cases and performance and sleep of 32 cases got improved. Among 18 cases, 13 cases showed the @entity158 relief. CONCLUSION: Adoptive immunotherapy of auto-CIK cells can significantly enhance cellular immune functions and improve subjective symptoms, but without side effects, so this is a safe and effective treatment for the @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: [Clinical observation on adoptive immunotherapy with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells for advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumor']


abstract: Clinicians caring for @entity1 @entity2598 must be familiar not only with screening and infection control measures, but also with management of severe disease. By integrating experience from several Ebola epidemics with best practices for managing @entity3124 , this report focuses on the clinical presentation and management of severely ill @entity1 , @entity1 , and adults with @entity2598 . Fever, @entity1295 , @entity391 , @entity294 , and @entity448 are the most common symptoms of the 2014 West African outbreak. Profound fluid losses from the gastrointestinal tract result in @entity17823 , @entity209 (including @entity2753 , @entity1371 , and @entity3747 ), shock, and organ failure. Overt @entity548 occurs rarely. The case fatality rate in West Africa is at least 70% and individuals with respiratory, neurological, or @entity548 symptoms have a higher risk of @entity204 . There is no proven anti-viral agent to treat @entity2598 , although several experimental treatments may be considered. Even in the absence of anti-viral therapies, intensive supportive care has the potential to markedly blunt the high case fatality rate reported to date. Optimal treatment requires conscientious correction of fluid and electrolyte losses. Additional management considerations include @entity325 or superinfection, treatment of shock (with intravenous fluids and vasoactive agents), @entity810 (with renal replacement therapy), and @entity1576 (with invasive mechanical ventilation), provision of nutrition support, @entity158 and @entity148 control, psychosocial support, and use of strategies to reduce complications of @entity3124 . Cardiopulmonary resuscitation may be appropriate in certain circumstances but extracorporeal life support is not indicated. Among other ethical issues, @entity1 ' medical needs must be carefully weighed against healthcare worker safety and infection control concerns. However, meticulous attention to use of personal protective equipment and strict adherence to infection control protocols should permit the safe provision of intensive treatment to severely ill @entity1 with @entity2598 .

title: Clinical Presentation and Management of Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2598 :: ('MESH:D019142', 'Disease') :: ['Ebola virus disease', 'infected with Ebola virus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['searching for co-infection']

entities_list: @entity17823 :: ('MESH:C537477', 'Disease') :: ['volume depletion']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2598 :: (MESH:D019142,Disease) :: ['Ebola Virus Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Melasma is one of the most common @entity74 with skin darkening. Although several treatment modalities are available, none is satisfactorily used in management of this condition. @entity927 (TA), a @entity1351 inhibitor, is reported to improve melasma when injected locally or used as oral and topical forms. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare therapeutic effects of liposomal @entity927 and conventional @entity8156 on melasma. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with bilateral melasma were enrolled in a split-face trial lasting 12  weeks. @entity1 blindly applied 5% topical liposomal TA and 4% @entity8156 cream, to the designated sides of the face twice daily in addition to the assigned sunscreen in the morning. Skin pigmentation was measured using MASI (Melasma Area and Severity Index) at each visit separately for each side at the base line and every month until one month after treatment course. Data were obtained from @entity1 file and were analyzed statistically using SPSS software, paired samples t-test, and repeated measured ANOVA. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 completed the study. The mean MASI scores significantly reduced in both treated sides (P  <  P  =  0.001) after 12  week. A greater decrease was observed with 5% liposomal TA, although this difference was not statistically significant. Irritation occurred in three @entity1 with @entity8156 , while no serious adverse events occurred with TA. CONCLUSION: On the basis of these results, topical liposomal TA can be used as a new, effective, safe, and promising therapeutic agent in melasma.

title: Comparison of therapeutic effects of liposomal XXXX and conventional @entity8156 on melasma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cosmetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid', 'Tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic Acid']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity7181 ( @entity7181 ) can lead to serious morbidity or @entity204 . It is a rare event with significant variation in its causes, anatomical locations, and rate of progression. Traditionally the treatment of choice has involved emergency surgical evacuation and a prolonged course of antibiotics tailored to the offending pathogen. Recent publications have advocated antibiotic treatment without surgical decompression in select @entity1 populations. Clearly defining those @entity1 who can be safely treated in this manner remains in evolution. The authors review the current literature concerning the treatment and outcome of @entity7181 to make recommendations concerning what population can be safely triaged to nonoperative management and the optimal timing of surgery. METHODS: A PubMed database search was performed using a combination of search terms and Medical Subject Headings, to identify clinical studies reporting on the treatment and outcome of @entity7181 . RESULTS: The literature review revealed 28 original case series containing at least 30 @entity1 and reporting on treatment and outcome. All cohorts were deemed Class III evidence, and in all but two the data were obtained retrospectively. Based on the conclusions of these studies along with selected smaller studies and review articles, the authors present an evidence-based algorithm for selecting @entity1 who may be safe candidates for nonoperative management. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who are unable to undergo an operation, have a complete @entity1566 more than 48 hours with low clinical or radiographic concern for an ascending lesion, or who are neurologically stable and lack risk factors for failure of medical management may be initially treated with antibiotics alone and close clinical monitoring. If initial medical management is to be undertaken the @entity1 should be made aware that delayed @entity16 may not fully resolve even after prompt surgical treatment. @entity1 deemed good surgical candidates should receive their operation as soon as possible because the rate of clinical deterioration with @entity7181 is notoriously unpredictable. Although @entity1 tend to recover from @entity51 after treatment of @entity7181 , the time point when a @entity16 becomes irreversible is unknown, supporting emergency surgery in those @entity1 with acute findings.

title: The indications and timing for operative management of XXXX : literature review and treatment algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed or inappropriate treatment of spinal epidural abscess', 'SEA']

answer: @entity7181 :: (MESH:D020802,Disease) :: ['spinal epidural abscess']


abstract: Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the circulating lymphocyte level during preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and pathologic complete response (pCR) in locally advanced @entity5 . Materials and Methods: From May 2010 to May 2013, 52 @entity1 treated with preoperative CRT followed by surgery, were analysed. @entity1 received conventional fractionated radiotherapy (50 to 54 Gy) with @entity1487 -based chemotherapy. Surgical resection was performed at four to eight weeks after the completion of preoperative CRT. Absolute blood lymphocyte counts and their relative percentage in total white blood cell counts were obtained from complete blood count tests performed prior to and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of CRT. We analysed the association between achieving pCR and change in blood lymphocyte level during CRT, as well as clinical parameters. Results: Among 52 @entity1 , 14 (26.9%) had evidence of pCR. Sustaining the blood lymphocyte count during CRT (lymphocyte count at 4 weeks / baseline lymphocyte count > 0.35; odds ratio = 8.33, p = 0.02) and initial carcinoembryonic antigen < 4.4 ng/ml (odds ratio = 6.71, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with pCR in multivariate analyses. Conclusion: s Sustaining blood lymphocyte count during preoperative CRT was predictive for pCR in @entity5 . Further studies are warranted to investigate the association between pathologic responses and circulating lymphocyte count with its subpopulation during preoperative CRT.

title: Sustaining Blood Lymphocyte Count during Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy as a Predictive Marker for Pathologic Complete Response in Locally Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity101 ( @entity101 ) and @entity1556 ( @entity1556 ) were independent predictors of @entity65 . Urinary albumin leakage is a manifestation of generalized @entity1504 . @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) is a vasoactive peptide secreted by left ventricle in response to myocytic stretch. We aimed to investigate relationship between microalbuminuria (MA) and @entity3876 in untreated elevated blood pressures. METHODS: Of 105 untreated prehypertensive subjects (53 @entity1 , 52 @entity1 ), 100 @entity101 subjects (51 @entity1 , 49 @entity1 ) and 57 normotensive subjects (32 @entity1 , 25 @entity1 ) none had history of @entity6 . Urine albumin excretion was measured by immunoradiometric assay in morning urine sample. RESULTS: The prevalence of MA was higher in @entity101 group than in prehypertensive group and in normotensive group ( @entity101 group; 33.9%, prehypertensive; 25.9%, normotensive; 10%). Subjects with @entity101 had higher prevalence of microalbminuria; larger body mass index, higher levels of @entity1674 , blood @entity413 and creatinin were more common in subjects with @entity101 than in those with @entity1556 . In @entity101 group; @entity1 with microalbuminuria had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), @entity3876 , LVMI and lower @entity470 as compared to those without MA. MA was significantly correlated with LVMI, @entity3876 and SBP. In multivariate regression analysis, SBP (b: 0.361; P < 0.001), LVMII (b: 0.267; P = 0.011) and @entity3876 (b: 0.284; P = 0.005) were independent variables associated with MA in @entity101 . In prehypertensive group; @entity1 with microalbuminuria had higher SBP, @entity3876 , LVMI and lower @entity470 as compared to those without MA. MA was significantly correlated with LVMI, @entity3876 and SBP. In multivariate regression analysis, SBP (b: 0.264; P = 0.002), LVMI (b: 0.293; P = 0.001) and @entity3876 (b: 0.168; P = 0.045) were associated with MA in prehypertensives. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1556 and @entity101 , SBP, @entity3876 and LVMI are associated with MA. In the evaluation of increased blood pressures, in case of increased @entity3876 and LVMI, MA should be investigated even in prehypertensive stages. The subjects with increased blood pressures should get medical treatment to prevent the effects on vascular structure and myocardium even in prehypertensive phase.

title: Microalbuminuria in untreated @entity1556 and XXXX without @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertensives', 'Hypertensive', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension', 'preHT']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We recently reported that, despite their thinness, elderly subjects in Beijing, China had an equal prevalence (in @entity1 ) or higher prevalence (in @entity1 ) of both radiographic and symptomatic @entity626 ( @entity571 ) compared with that in the Framingham, Massachusetts cohort of elderly subjects. Our objective was to evaluate whether Chinese subjects might have more medial disease than do Caucasians, given a report of varus alignment in the knee joints of Chinese elderly. METHODS: We compared the prevalence of medial and lateral radiographic knee @entity571 and measured anatomic alignment in the knees of elderly subjects from the Beijing and Framingham cohorts. Both studies recruited a random sample of the population. The Beijing @entity571 Study used the Framingham @entity571 Study protocol for radiographs. Anteroposterior weight-bearing films were read for Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) grade and joint space narrowing (JSN; 0-3 scale) in each compartment. @entity66 was defined when radiographs showed a K/L grade >or=2 and medial JSN >or=1, and @entity66 was assessed in a comparable manner. Using knee-specific analyses, we compared the prevalence of medial and lateral knee @entity571 after adjusting for age, body mass index, and the correlation between the 2 knees. Restricting the analyses to knees with JSN >or=2 and comparing the proportion of @entity571 knees with medial disease and @entity66 yielded similar results. We assessed alignment in knees from 100 @entity1 without @entity571 , measuring the angle subtended by the femoral and tibial anatomic axes. RESULTS: We studied 1,781 Chinese subjects ages 60-88 years, and 1,084 Framingham subjects ages 63-93 years. Whereas medial @entity571 was less prevalent among the Beijing @entity1 , @entity571 was more than twice as prevalent among the Beijing @entity1 and @entity1 , compared with that in the Framingham elderly. For example, of all knees with radiographic @entity571 , 28.5% of Beijing @entity1 's knees had @entity571 versus 11% of Framingham @entity1 's knees (P < 0.001), and among @entity1 , 32.3% of Beijing @entity1 's knees versus 8.8% of Framingham @entity1 's knees (P < 0.001) had @entity571 . Alignment was more valgus in the Beijing @entity1 than in the Framingham @entity1 (mean 4.5 degrees versus 2.7 degrees valgus, respectively; P < 0.001), but no differences in alignment were evident in the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In this first attempt to compare the characteristics of @entity571 in different racial groups, we conclude that, opposite to expectations, Chinese subjects have much more @entity571 than do Caucasian subjects in the Framingham cohort, a predilection possibly explained in the @entity1 by differences in anatomic alignment.

title: High prevalence of XXXX in Beijing Chinese compared with Framingham Caucasian subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['lateral OA', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Medial disease', 'lateral disease']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['lateral knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of synthetic @entity55735 in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced @entity565 model in @entity19 . METHOD: BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized with an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) to induce a @entity19 model of @entity565 in paracmasis. The @entity19 were treated with @entity619 as the positive control. At the end of the study, respiratory reactivity was detected, the numbers of various kinds of white blood cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted, and the levels of @entity58 and INF-y in BALF were determined. Quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA contents of @entity58 and INF-y in lung tissue. Histologic examination was performed to observe inflammatory cellular infiltration. RESULTS: @entity55735 treatment virtually eliminated airway hyper-reactivity, markedly reduced the eosinophil percent, obviously reduced the levels of @entity58 and raised INF-y in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared with the sham-treated group. Quantitative PCR on the mRNA content of @entity58 and INF-y provided confirmation. Lung histologic observations showed that @entity55735 reduced @entity32 and @entity4 . These effects were equivalent to the effects of @entity619 . CONCLUSION: Synthetic @entity55735 exhibits an anti- @entity565 effect which is related to the regulation of @entity630 / @entity61 balance. This provides a new possibility for treatment of @entity56 .

title: Anti- @entity565 effects of synthetic @entity55735 through regulation of @entity630 / XXXX balance.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity55735 :: ('MESH:C009172', 'Chemical') :: ['Salidroside', 'salidroside']

answer: @entity61 :: (15111(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th2']