abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity158 and @entity4 in the first 7 days after periapical surgery and their relationship with the agent used for bleeding control. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study was conducted between October 2006 and March 2009. @entity1 subjected to root surgery, who completed the questionnaire and who consented to the postoperative instructions were included in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the hemostatic agent used: A) gauze impregnated with anesthetic solution with vasoconstrictor; or B) @entity15484 . The @entity1 were administered a questionnaire, and were asked to record the severity of their @entity158 and @entity4 on a plain horizontal visual analog scale (VAS). Data were recorded by the @entity1 on the first 7 postoperative days. In addition, the @entity1 were asked to record analgesic consumption. RESULTS: A total of 76 questionnaires (34 in group A and 42 in group B) were taken to be correctly completed. @entity158 was reported to be most intense two hours after surgery. At this point 52.6% of the @entity1 had no @entity158 . Seventy-five percent of the @entity1 consumed analgesics in the first 24 hours. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the intensity of @entity158 or in the consumption of analgesics. Swelling reached its maximum peak on the second day; at this point, 60.6% of the @entity1 suffered mild or moderate @entity4 . The @entity31686 group showed significantly greater @entity4 than the gauzes group. CONCLUSION: The type of hemostatic agent used did not influence either the degree of @entity158 or the need for @entity1337 among the @entity1 in this study. However, the @entity1 belonging to the @entity31686 group suffered greater @entity4 than the @entity1 treated with gauzes impregnated with anesthetic solution with vasoconstrictor.

title: @entity158 and @entity4 after periapical surgery related to the hemostatic agent used: anesthetic solution with vasoconstrictor or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity15484 :: ('MESH:C010845', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum chloride']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity15484 :: (MESH:C010845,Chemical) :: ['aluminum chloride']


abstract: A simple method of performing the laser-assisted end-to-side microvascular @entity254 was devised. This technique was tested on 150 @entity35 in two separate series of experiments. In the first, end-to-side anastomoses were performed on the iliac artery under the normal @entity2701 due to the elastic recoil of severed vessels. Four stay sutures were placed 90 degrees apart, and the intervals were "spot welded" with a low-wattage CO2 microsurgical laser unit. The patency rate (96 percent) was equivalent to that found in a control group utilizing the conventional all-suture method (92 percent), but there was a significantly higher @entity439 rate (44 versus 11 percent). In a second model, an arterial bypass with very low anastomotic @entity2701 was performed around an obstruction created in the carotid artery. This model resulted in turbulent flow but low anastomotic @entity2701 . Here the laser- @entity254 patency rate was 98 percent, versus 42 percent for the conventional all-suture method. The placement of fewer sutures in association with turbulent flow in this model may account for the improved patency rate. The avoidance of excessive @entity2701 at the anastomotic site reduced the incidence of @entity439 to a negligible level.

title: The laser-assisted end-to-side microvascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Study of migrants offers a natural model to assess environmental risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in countries differing in @entity301 occurrence. In Sweden, @entity301 risk has been markedly lower than in Finland from where a large migration occurred in the 1970s. OBJECTIVES: To study the structural and functional markers of subclinical @entity731 in twin pairs discordant for migration with the main focus on age at migration, length of residence and integration into Swedish society after migration from a high to a lower @entity301 risk country. METHODS: Carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and brachial artery endothelial function (EF) were assessed with high-resolution ultrasound and a set of cardiovascular, socio-economic and psychosocial risk factors were estimated in 76 middle-aged male twin pairs discordant for migration from Finland to Sweden. RESULTS: @entity1 who had migrated in adolescence had lower @entity121 values compared with their co-twins living in Finland (0.665 +/- 0.114 vs. 0.802 +/- 0.167 mm, P = 0.009). Also @entity1 who integrated well to Swedish society had lower (0.720 +/- 0.154 vs. 0.799 +/- 0.207 mm, P = 0.013) @entity121 values than their twin brothers living in Finland. Associations between @entity121 and migration age and between @entity121 and integration remained significant in multivariate analyses of several @entity301 risk factors. The intrapair difference in @entity121 was significantly associated with immigration age and integration (ANOVA, P = 0.0082), the difference being greatest among pairs where the brother living in Sweden had migrated at early age and integrated well to Swedish society. EF was better in @entity1 who had migrated to Sweden before the age of 21 years, but not later, compared with their co-twins in Finland (6.4 +/- 4.6% vs. 3.8 +/- 3.6%, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Migration at an early age and good integration are beneficial to vascular health associated with moving from a high to a lower @entity301 risk country, suggesting that an environment-sensitive period influences atherogenesis before adulthood.

title: Migration at early age from a high to a lower @entity301 risk country lowers the risk of subclinical XXXX in middle-aged @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the literature data regarding the @entity3124 ( @entity3124 ) in adult @entity35 calvaria and to determine which defect dimensions could be considered as being critical size. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted at Ovid Medline and Embase up to July 2012. Studies presenting with at least one of the primary outcomes of interest (number of defects with complete closure and the percentage of new bone formation (%NBF) in @entity35 calvaria) were included. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. RESULTS: From 1461 citations, 257 full-text papers were screened and 61 papers were included in the analysis. Fourteen of 937 evaluated defects presented complete closure. Only 7 and 6 untreated sites in 5.0- and 6.0-mm-diameter defects, respectively, showed complete closure. A great variability among the preclinical models was seen, and the meta-analysis result showed a high heterogeneity regarding the mean %NBF. The mean %NBF according to the defect dimension was as follows: 18.29% and 21.44% for 5.0 mm central single defects at 1 and 3 months, respectively; 17.55%, 20.24% and 22.65% for 5.0 mm bilateral defects; 9.81%, 12.56% and 7.96% for 8.0 mm single defect; 11.18%, 9.48% and 26.24% for 9.0 mm single defects at 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity9332 with a diameter of 5.0 mm could be considered as a @entity3124 . However, there is a necessity for further standardization of the @entity35 calvaria model to enable more accurate comparison among future studies.

title: A systematic review on the XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['CSD', 'critical size defect']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['Calvarial defects']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical size defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity851 in @entity1 with @entity2395 major is multifactorial. Some etiologies described for this condition are @entity9595 , disturbed @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) / @entity442 ( @entity442 ) axis, undernutrition and @entity2495 . It has also been proven that @entity851 is present in @entity2395 major @entity1 despite regular transfusion and chelation. Our aim was to evaluate the level of @entity442 in @entity2395 minor subjects and compare it with that in healthy @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 aged 6 months to 15 years with @entity2395 minor (32 males, 18 females) and 50 age- and sex-matched normal healthy @entity1 were selected. Medical history was taken and complete physical examination was done in each case; @entity442 level was checked in all cases. This study was done in Shiraz, southern Iran, during 2005. RESULTS: @entity442 levels were significantly lower in @entity2395 minor @entity1 than normal @entity1 (P = 0.015). This result demonstrates that some etiologies of growth failure in @entity2395 major other than those described to date can exist, which may be shared with @entity2395 minor in feature or may be transformed by genes that are either expressed or not. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in addition to that observed in @entity2395 major, @entity442 level is also decreased in @entity2395 minor, and these two may have similar etiologies.

title: XXXX levels in @entity1 with Beta-thalassemia minor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth retardation', 'growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['b-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['Insulin-like growth factor-1']


abstract: The basal ganglia (BG) contain several functional compartments and multiple, parallel segregated circuits processing different cortical information through cortical-BG-thalamus-cortical loops. Three zones of corticostriatal input are present: sensorimotor, associative and limbic, which correspond to poor, intermediate and strong calbindin (CB) labelling, respectively. Other functional compartments, such as striosomes, extrastriosomal matrix and matrisomes, also convey segregated projections. Microvascular territories in the @entity1 BG are spatially consistent with little overlap and few anastomoses. A high percentage of @entity1188 occur in the BG, yet the relationship between lacunae and functional compartments is unknown. We determined the relationship between microvascular territories and functional compartments within the @entity1 striatum. Microvascular territories were labelled by co-injection of diffusible dye, radio-opaque substance and gelatin into parental vessels and by sectioning each BG co-planar with the Talairach system. Sections underwent immunocytochemistry or histochemistry and the overlap of microvascular and functional territories was examined. CB staining of the arterial-injected striatum matched the functional compartments reported previously and overlay of microvascular territories revealed a correspondence between (i) the lateral lenticulostriate arteries (LSA) and sensorimotor zone; (ii) the medial LSA and associative zone; and (iii) the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) and limbic zone. A greater number of large vessels and capillaries were found in the matrix compared to striosomes, and a likely correspondence exists between high-density arteriole envelopes and matrisomes. The higher number of non-anastomotic vessels and capillary beds within the matrix predisposes these regions to both @entity75 and small @entity1188 , creating specific symptoms based on striatal circuitry.

title: The vascular supply of the functional compartments of the XXXX striatum.

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['large lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcome of completion thyroidectomy in @entity1 with presumed unilateral well-differentiated @entity259 (WDTC). The medical records of all @entity1 having had unilateral thyroid lobectomy for WDTC, who subsequently underwent completion thyroidectomy, were reviewed. From 1980 to 1991, 60 @entity1 with WDTC underwent completion thyroidectomy. Forty-seven @entity1 had presumed unilateral WDTC, with no evidence of @entity66 prior to their completion thyroidectomy. Twenty-five (53%) of these @entity1 were found to have residual @entity5 in the neck. In 20 (43%) of 47 @entity1 , a focus of @entity5 was found in the remaining thyroid lobe and in 5 additional @entity1 no @entity5 was found in the contralateral lobe, however, unsuspected nodal disease was found. The remaining 13 of the 60 @entity1 presented with either regional recurrence (n = 12) or distant metastases (n = 1) at the time of their completion thyroidectomy. All (92%) but 1 of these 13 @entity1 had @entity5 in the remaining thyroid lobe. @entity66 in the primary lobe was associated with bilateral @entity259 (p less than 0.01). Complications were infrequent; transient @entity3747 occurred in 5 (8%) @entity1 , permanent @entity261 occurred in 1 (1.7%) @entity1 , and transient recurrent @entity3746 occurred in 3 (5%) @entity1 . Residual WDTC was found in 37 (62%) of 60 @entity1 undergoing completion thyroidectomy. @entity66 in the primary resected lobe was associated with a high incidence of @entity259 . Completion thyroidectomy is a safe procedure and may prevent the development of regional recurrence by eliminating an unsuspected focus of @entity5 .

title: The incidence of bilateral well-differentiated XXXX found at completion thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Multifocal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ) and @entity3528 (HPT2) are prone to develop heterotopic @entity730 and severe @entity79 . Determination of the sites most commonly affected would decrease costs and @entity1 ' exposure to X-ray radiation. The aim here was to determine which skeletal sites produce most radiographic findings, in order to evaluate hemodialysis @entity1 with HPT2, and to describe the most prevalent radiographic findings. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was cross-sectional, conducted in one center, the Hospital Universit  rio Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: Whole-body radiographs were obtained from 73 chronic hemodialysis @entity1 with indications for parathyroidectomy due to severe HPT2. The regions studied were the skull, hands, wrists, clavicles, thoracic and lumbar column, long bones and pelvis. All the radiographs were analyzed by the same two radiologists, with great experience in @entity79 interpretation. RESULTS: The most common abnormality was subperiosteal bone resorption, mostly at the phalanges and distal clavicles (94% of @entity1 , each). 'Rugger jersey spine' sign was found in 27%. @entity174 and @entity85 were seen in 27% and 33%, respectively. Calcifications were presented in 80%, mostly at the forearm fistula (42%), abdominal aorta and lower limb arteries (35% each). @entity5 were present in 37% of the @entity1 , mostly on the face and lower limbs (9% each). CONCLUSION: The greatest prevalence of bone findings were found on radiographs of the hands, wrists, lateral view of the thoracic and lumbar columns and femurs. The most prevalent findings were bone resorption and ectopic @entity730 .

title: Prevalence of radiological findings among cases of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Brown tumors']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: This study aimed to determine the potential value of intravoxel water diffusion heterogeneity imaging for @entity1313 characterization and evaluation of high-grade @entity11 , by comparing an established heterogeneity index (alpha value) measured in @entity1 high-grade @entity11 to those of normal appearing white and grey matter landmarks. Twenty @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 prospectively underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging using multiple b-values. The stretched-exponential model was used to generate alpha and distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) maps. The alpha values and DDCs of the @entity5 and contralateral anatomic landmarks were measured in each @entity1 . Differences between alpha values of @entity5 and landmark tissues were assessed using paired t-tests. Correlation between @entity5 alpha and @entity5 DDC was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Mean alpha of @entity5 was significantly lower than that of @entity62 (p = 0.0249), basal ganglia (p < 0.0001), cortical grey matter (p < 0.0001), and centrum semiovale (p = 0.0497). Correlation between @entity5 alpha and @entity5 DDC was strongly negative (Pearson correlation coefficient, -0.8493; p < 0.0001). The heterogeneity index alpha of @entity1 high-grade @entity11 is significantly different from those of normal brain structures, which potentially offers a new method for evaluating @entity1313 . The observed negative correlation between @entity5 alpha and @entity5 DDC requires further investigation.

title: Intravoxel water diffusion heterogeneity imaging of @entity1 high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral frontal white matter']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: AIMS: @entity18193 (BF) 0.1% was compared with @entity11074 ( @entity11074 ) 0.02% for the treatment of @entity56 when concomitantly used with @entity9992 ( @entity27268 ) 2.0%. METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 with @entity56 were treated with DSCG four times a day, and BF was concomitantly administered twice a day in one eye and FML was administered four times a day in the contralateral eye for 1 week. Ocular signs were scored on a four-graded severity. @entity1 recorded symptoms using visual analog scale. @entity1 were asked which concomitant treatment was more suitable for them and scored global evaluation. RESULTS: All subjective symptom scores were decreased in both concomitant treatment groups compared with baseline (P < 0.05). Objective signs were significantly improved with the concomitant use of BF or FML with DSCG (P < 0.05). Neither symptoms nor signs differed significantly between the concomitant use of BF and FML. Fifteen @entity1 selected BF and 29 @entity1 selected FML as the more preferred concomitant eye drops, 42 @entity1 judged no difference in efficacy between the groups. No significant difference was observed in @entity1 's global evaluation between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity18193 for @entity56 was effective, with efficacy equivalent to that of FML when used with DSCG.

title: Comparison of efficacy of XXXX 0.1% ophthalmic solution and @entity11074 0.02% ophthalmic suspension for the treatment of @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity18193 :: ('MESH:C053083', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromfenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity11074 :: ('MESH:D005469', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorometholone', 'FML']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conjunctivitis', 'seasonal allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['disodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity18193 :: (MESH:C053083,Chemical) :: ['bromfenac sodium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4153 (SCEC) is a rare and aggressive disease for which there is no recommended standard treatment at this time. METHODS: A total of 126 @entity1 with SCEC, diagnosed histologically between May 1985 and June 2005 at our institution, were analyzed retrospectively. All were staged according to the Veterans' Administration Lung Study Group staging system. The @entity2802 system for @entity418 (6th edition, American Joint Committee on @entity5 ) was also used for those who underwent esophagectomies. SPSS (10.0) software was used for statistical analysis. Cox's hazard regression model was performed to identify prognostic factors. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods were used to estimate and compare survival rates. The chi2 test was performed to examine frequencies between different groups. RESULTS: Through a median follow-up of 13 months, 108 @entity1 died, 10 were alive, and 8 were lost to follow-up. Of the entire study population, the overall @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 12.5 months and 52.2%, 15.9%, and 12.2%, respectively. For limited disease, the @entity1349 and 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 14.0 months and 62.1%, 30.8%, and 22.4%, respectively; for extensive disease, the respective values were 7.0 months and 29.3%, 13.6%, and 2.7% (p = 0.0001). The @entity1349 of 14.5 months for cases who received chemotherapy was superior to that of 5.2 months for cases who did not (p = 0.0001). @entity5 stage, length of the @entity75 , and chemotherapy, but not surgery were independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: SCEC is @entity262 . @entity5 stage and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. Systemic therapy, based on chemotherapy with radiotherapy, is recommended.

title: XXXX of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['Primary small cell esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['Primary small cell carcinoma']


abstract: Effects of @entity2228 ( @entity4022 ) and B-vitamins on sulphur @entity535 (AA) utilization were studied in growing steers maintained under conditions where @entity1853 (Met) was first limiting. Conditions were generated by limit feeding a diet low in ruminally non-degraded protein and abomasally infusing an AA mixture limiting in Met. Retained N tended (p = 0.07) to improve when steers received 10 mg @entity1501 , 10 mg @entity2245 , and 0.10 mg @entity2186 daily. Hepatic @entity2186 (p = 0.08) and @entity1501 (p = 0.05) concentrations increased with vitamin supplementation. In another trial, factorial treatments were 2 or 5 g/day L-Met and 0 or 50 g/day @entity4022 infused abomasally. Retained N increased (p < 0.05) in response to Met, and responses were numerically larger in the presence of supplemental @entity4022 . In a different trial, factorial treatments were 0 or 2.4 g/day @entity462 ( @entity2569 ) and 0 or 40 g/day @entity4022 . Retained N was not affected by @entity2569 in the absence of @entity4022 , but was increased by @entity2569 when @entity4022 was supplemented (interaction, p = 0.01). B-vitamin status may affect sparing of Met by @entity2569 . Supplemental @entity4022 improved responses to supplemental Met and @entity2569 .

title: Effect of @entity2228 and vitamin supplementation on sulphur XXXX utilization by growing cattle.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation is potentially curative for @entity3052 . This analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with @entity1778 relapse following myeloablative UCB transplantation. @entity3052 @entity1 (n = 177; 88 with @entity981 and 89 with @entity3052 ) were treated at a single center. @entity1 received a UCB graft composed of either 1 (47%) or 2 (53%) partially human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched unit(s). Conditioning was with @entity786 and total body irradiation with or without @entity3118 . The incidence of relapse was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19%-33%). In multivariate analysis, relapse was higher in @entity1442 @entity1 (> or = third complete remission [ @entity9637 ]; relative risk [RR], 3.6; P < .01), with a trend toward less relapse in recipients of 2 UCB units (RR = 0.6; P = .07). However, relapse was lower for @entity3432 -2 @entity1 who received 2 UCB units (RR 0.5; P < .03). @entity1778 -free survival was 40% (95% CI, 30%-51%) and 51% (95% CI, 41%-62%) for single- and double-unit recipients, respectively (P = .35). Although it is known that transplantation in @entity3432 and @entity10911 is associated with less relapse risk, this analysis reveals an enhanced graft-versus- @entity1778 effect in @entity3052 @entity1 after transplantation with 2 partially HLA-matched UCB units. This trial was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00309842.

title: Relapse risk after umbilical cord blood transplantation: enhanced graft-versus- XXXX effect in recipients of 2 units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'Acute leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanism of the adrenergic @entity4710 is unclear. We hypothesize that the ligament of Marshall (LOM) is sensitive to adrenergic stimulation and may serve as a source of the adrenergic @entity4710 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed computerized mapping studies in isolated-perfused @entity235 left atrial tissues from normal @entity235 (n=9) and from @entity235 with chronic @entity955 ( @entity955 ) induced by 10 to 41 weeks of rapid pacing (n=3). Before @entity3044 , spontaneous activity occurred in only one normal tissue (cycle length, CL >1300 ms). During @entity3044 infusion, automatic rhythm was induced in both normal tissues (CL=578+/-172 ms) and @entity955 tissues (CL=255+/-29 ms, P<0.05). The origin of spontaneous activity was mapped to the LOM. In the @entity955 tissues, but not the normal tissues, we observed the transition from rapid automatic activity to multiple wavelet @entity955 . Ablation of the LOM terminated the spontaneous activity and prevented @entity955 . Immunocytochemical studies of the LOM revealed muscle tracts surrounded by @entity4149 hydroxylase-positive (sympathetic) nerves. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the LOM is richly innervated by sympathetic nerves and serves as a source of @entity3044 -sensitive focal automatic activity in normal @entity235 atrium. The sensitivity to @entity3044 is upregulated after long-term rapid pacing and may contribute to the development of @entity955 in this model.

title: Relation between ligament of Marshall and adrenergic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmia']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to use the elevated X-maze to compare acute and chronic treatments of a @entity10463 partial agonist, @entity18979 , a 5-HT2 antagonist, @entity7301 , and a 5-HT3 antagonist, @entity3974 , with those of established anxiolytic ( @entity3175 ) and anxiogenic ( @entity9006 ) compounds. Acute @entity3175 (5 mg/kg IP) produced a significant increase in the percentage open:total entries and time and time spent in the end of the open arms (anxiolytic profile) on the elevated X-maze. Chronic treatment with @entity3175 (5 mg/kg IP twice daily for 14 days) still produced an anxiolytic profile which was not apparent 24 h after cessation of chronic treatment (withdrawal). In contrast, @entity9006 given both acutely (0.25 mg/kg IP) and chronically (0.8 mg/kg/h at a flow rate of 5.5 microliters/h for 14 days, via osmotic minipumps) resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage open:total entries and time and time spent in the end of the open arms (anxiogenic profile). Acute administration of @entity18979 had no effect on any of the behavioural parameters at doses of 0.01 and 1 mg/kg IP, while 0.1 mg/kg IP produced a significant anxiogenic profile. Chronic treatment with @entity18979 (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg IP twice daily for 14 days) had no significant effect on @entity35 behaviour on the X-maze but 24 h after ending treatment, @entity18979 at the highest dose used (1 mg/kg) produced a significant anxiogenic profile which was absent when the animals were tested 7 days after cessation of treatment. @entity7301 (0.05 and 0.25 mg/kg IP) had no effect acutely on any of the parameters measured but chronic treatment (0.25 mg/kg IP, twice daily for 14 days) produced a significant anxiolytic effect which was still present 24 h but not 7 days after cessation of treatment. Acute @entity3974 (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg IP) had no effect while chronic @entity3974 (0.01 mg/kg IP, twice daily for 14 days) produced a significant anxiolytic profile which was not a result of handling during the chronic dosing schedule, an effect was not measureable 24 h after treatment ended. The results demonstrate that the X-maze can detect anxiolytic activity in non- @entity1245 drugs, as @entity7301 and @entity3974 showed anxiolytic profiles but only after chronic treatment. In contrast, the X-maze failed to detect any anxiolytic activity with the @entity10463 partial agonist @entity18979 after either acute or chronic treatment.

title: Comparison of acute and chronic treatment of various serotonergic agents with those of @entity3175 and @entity9006 in the XXXX elevated X-maze.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity18979 :: ('MESH:C043077', 'Chemical') :: ['ipsapirone']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['Ritanserin', 'ritanserin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a weekly @entity900 40 mg/m(2) regimen in @entity1 with @entity189 treated concurrently with definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The primary endpoints were treatment compliance and acute @entity137 . Twenty-two @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity11408 were recruited in this phase II trial. All @entity1 received definitive IMRT concurrently with weekly @entity900 40 mg/m(2) for six cycles. The treatment technique was split-field IMRT (SF-IMRT) before August 2009 and whole-field IMRT (WF-IMRT) thereafter. The median follow-up time was 15.1 months (range, 1.5-30 months). No @entity1 experienced regional recurrence or distant @entity3 . One @entity1 developed local recurrence. One @entity1 died of non-malignant disease. For all @entity1 , the 1-year overall survival, local recurrence-free survival, regional recurrence-free survival, and distant @entity3 -free survival were 95.5%, 95.5%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. All @entity1 received the full dose of @entity138 . Twenty-one @entity1 (95.5%) completed all six cycles of @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ). Three @entity1 experienced treatment delay. Of them, one had @entity7730 delay, and the other two had IMRT delay. No treatment-related @entity204 was found. Acute @entity137 were generally mild or moderate. Grade 3 and 4 @entity137 accounted for less than 10% of overall occurrence in each corresponding category except for a relatively higher rate in @entity3136 (Grade 3, 27%). Renal function impairment was not found. Weekly @entity900 with concurrent IMRT appears to be feasible and effective in treating @entity11408 @entity1 and these findings warrant further investigation.

title: Feasibility and efficacy study of weekly XXXX with concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy for @entity189 : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CHT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Epidemiological studies in Poland show that @entity286 smoking by adolescents at reproductive age is still frequently observed. This concerns both @entity1 and @entity1 . The study was based on all-Polish population studies of health behaviours of adolescents aged 14-24 (Youth Behavioural Polish Survey--YBPS) conducted in 2011, and the Pregnancy-related Assessment Monitoring Survey (PrAMS). More than 12% of pregnant @entity1 do not discontinue smoking in association with becoming pregnant and expose the foetus to @entity286 smoke, despite being aware of the hazardous effect of smoking on the health of the mother and @entity1 . Smoking in pregnancy is mainly observed among mothers with a low education level and those aged under 23. According to the Baker's Foetal Origins of Adult Health and Diseases Hypothesis, exposure of the foetus to the components of @entity286 smoke results in many perturbations in the form of a lower birth weight, @entity3465 , worse state of neonates after birth, and higher susceptibility to contacting civilization diseases at the age of adulthood. The results of studies confirm some observations. Polish studies clearly confirmed a lower birth weight of babies delivered by mothers who smoke; however, earlier termination of pregnancy and worse status of neonates after birth were not observed. According to the Baker's hypothesis, a lower birth weight of babies delivered by smoking mothers during the further life cycle exposes the offspring to the risk of contracting civilization diseases. The efforts undertaken by public health authorities should be biased towards education of the population at reproductive age about the hazardous effect of smoking on the health of the foetus and the offspring born. @entity1 at reproductive age should be encouraged to discontinue smoking in association with the planning of pregnancy and in pregnancy.

title: XXXX -related Foetal Origin of Adult Diseases Hypothesis--population studies in Poland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'women', 'Women', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: @entity35411 and danshensu is the representative active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs Cortex Moutan and Radix Salviae Milthiorrhizae, respectively. @entity35411 and danshensu combination (PDSS) has putative cardioprotective effects in treating @entity741 ( @entity741 ). However, the evidence for the protective effect is scarce and the pharmacological mechanisms of the combination remain unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of PDSS on @entity3044 ( @entity8670 )-induced @entity583 in @entity35 and to elucidate the potential mechanism. Assays of @entity908 kinase-MB, @entity35412 and T and histopathological analysis revealed PDSS significantly prevented @entity296 induced by @entity8670 . The @entity8670 -induced profound elevation of oxidative stress was also suppressed by PDSS. TUNEL and @entity4124 activity assay showed that PDSS significantly inhibited apoptosis in myocardia. In exploring the underlying mechanisms of PDSS, we found PDSS enhanced the nuclear translocation of @entity4027 in myocardial injured @entity35 . Furthermore, PDSS increased phosphorylated @entity21203 and @entity2308 , which may in turn activate antioxidative and antiapoptotic signaling events in @entity35 . These present findings demonstrated that PDSS exerts significant cardioprotective effects against @entity8670 -induced @entity583 in @entity35 . The protective effect is, at least partly, via activation of @entity4027 / @entity22456 signaling and involvement of the @entity21203 / @entity2308 cell survival signaling pathway.

title: @entity35411 and danshensu combination attenuates apoptosis in @entity583 @entity35 by inhibiting oxidative stress: Roles of @entity4027 / XXXX and @entity21203 / @entity2308 pathway.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity22456 :: (24451(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['HO-1']


abstract: Serological and clinical studies were conducted between March 2009 and August 2010 to validate the @entity4021 free status of Tsirang district of Bhutan as determined by the country's passive surveillance system. Randomised (first survey) and targeted (third survey) samplings, with subsequent follow-up samplings (second and fourth), were conducted on @entity4631 -susceptible animals to detect the disease at a design prevalence of 25% and 20% at the individual animal-level and village-level, respectively. Sera from @entity291 , @entity1237 , @entity1707 , and @entity742 were tested for the presence of non-structural protein (NSP) antibodies using two commercial (PrioCHECK(  ) FMDV NS and CHEKIT(  )- @entity4631 -3ABC-bo-ov) and one in-house NSP kit (c-ELISA, AAHL, Australia). The overall seropositivity (all species) at the animal-level was 3% (95% CI: 1.7, 4.8) and 3.5% (95% CI: 2.1, 5.4), for the randomised and targeted surveys, respectively. Except for one @entity1237 from the first survey, none of the small ruminants and @entity1707 had NSP antibodies. The seropositives from the first and targeted surveys were distributed among 13 and 16 of 20 villages sampled, respectively. All repeat testing from the initial seropositive animals and their herd mates, for both the first and third surveys, were negative in the NSP tests 6-8 months later. Using the hypergeometric exact probability formula for two-stage analyses, the results enabled rejection of the null hypothesis and supported conclusion that the population was free from disease at the minimum expected prevalence of 20% at the 95.53% and 99.46% confidence levels, for the randomised and targeted surveys, respectively. Clinical surveillance also showed absence of disease or clinical signs suggestive of @entity4631 . The few seropositives were likely to be false positives due to factors such as imperfect specificities of the tests and possible NSP-residues in the vaccines. The study has paved the way for initiation of zoning approaches for the progressive control of @entity4631 in Bhutan.

title: Serological and clinical surveillance studies to validate reported XXXX free status in Tsirang district of Bhutan.

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']

answer: @entity4021 :: (MESH:D005536,Disease) :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of @entity3 , which remains undefined for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), may have potential application for @entity5 staging. @entity5 extension along the bronchus and pulmonary vessels was examined for survival significance. METHODS: In all, 213 pathologically proved central-type stage I @entity1149 cases were enrolled. Four study groups were assigned based on the extent of resections: standard lobectomy (group L, n=32), bronchoplastic procedures (group B, n=94), standard lobectomy combined with pulmonary angioplasty (group A, n=48), and bronchial sleeve resection combined with pulmonary artery angioplasty (group BA, n=39). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression model. RESULTS: There were 2 postoperative deaths ( @entity1151 and serious @entity358 ). Complications were noted in 39 @entity1 (18.3%). Among these @entity1 , the overall 5-year survival rate was 60.2%  0.05%, with a median survival time of 75.0  7.5 months. The 5-year survival rates of subgroups were 79.5%, 59.7%, 59.0%, and 47.9%, respectively for groups L, B, A, and BA. Univariate analysis indicated @entity5 size, bronchial invasion, arterial involvement, and type of operation as closely associated with long-term survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that type of operation and @entity5 size were the most prominent prognostic factors of 5-year survival. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal @entity5 extension into bronchus, invasions into extrapericardial pulmonary vessels, and @entity5 size were the most important risk factors for 5-year survival with central-type stage I @entity1149 . @entity5 extension in the hilum was highly related to prognosis and might provide pertinent information to accurately define a @entity5 ("T") subclass.

title: Local extension at the hilum region is associated with worse long-term survival in stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['hilar structures invasion']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']


abstract: 1. A study has been made of the effect of barbiturates on membrane constants and synaptic potentials of neurones in the isolated @entity840 olfactory cortex slice. 2. Normally, a long depolarizing i.p.s.p. follows the e.p.s.p. @entity4485 (0.1 mM) produced a tenfold increase in the duration of the high conductance phase of this i.p.s.p. 3. The i.p.s.p. was potentiated increasingly with higher barbiturate concentrations from 0.02 to 1.0 mM- @entity4485 and 0.2 to 5 mM- @entity109 . 4. The resting membrane conductance, the initial phase of the e.p.s.p. and the threshold for the action potential were unaffected at lower concentrations. 5. The highest barbiturate doses increased the resting membrane conductance. This was associated with a depolarization of about 14 mV maximally and resulted in smaller synaptic potentials. The effect was probably generated by the same mechanism as the i.p.s.p. 6. This fortifies the idea that barbiturates have a primary action on prolonging inhibition rather than a @entity308 in the excitatory potential.

title: A barbiturate induced intensification of the inhibitory potential in slices of XXXX olfactory cortex.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentobarbitone', 'pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity267 has been shown to express a number of inflammatory cytokines including @entity1192 , @entity650 and @entity687 . In view of the potent proinflammatory activities of interleukin-1 ( @entity1192 ), regulatory mechanisms should be present in the @entity1 @entity267 to control @entity1192 mediated inflammatory and immune responses. This is important for the maintenance of the integrity and transparency of the @entity267 . To test this hypothesis, the authors determined the presence of @entity1193 (IL-tra) in the normal @entity1 @entity267 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-tra is a natural antagonist of @entity1192 and competes with @entity1192 for the binding to its receptors thereby blocking the inflammatory response. Corneas were either tested immediately or after a 24-hour culture period. Furthermore, the authors separately analyzed the three layers of the @entity267 . Their results present evidence for the constitutive expression of the IL-tra protein in the normal @entity1 @entity267 and show that both epithelial and stromal cells produce @entity1193 . The epithelial cells are the major source of corneal @entity1193 immunoreactivity, and secrete @entity1193 during culture. Stromal cells contain detectable, albeit low amounts of cell associated @entity1193 . No @entity1193 was detected in the endothelial cell layer. A more accurate understanding of the balance between @entity1192 and @entity1193 in ocular tissues and the role of the @entity1193 under physiologie and pathophysiologic conditions will be necessary for an eventual use of @entity1193 as a therapeutical tool.

title: Expression of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the normal XXXX @entity267 .

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal involvement in the @entity2403 is rare. The clinical features vary from urinary sediment's abnormalities to @entity454 . AIM: We propose to study the clinical, biological and histological data, the therapeutic management and the prognosis of @entity1 . METHODS: We report a retrospective study including 8 @entity1 representing 1.23 % of cases. RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 was of 37 +/- 12. 35 years with a clear male prevalence. Urinary signs were discovered fortuitously by the strips in the majority of the cases after an average of 18 months. It's about @entity644 and @entity811 . @entity177 and @entity101 were rare. Pathological study highlighted 3 cases of @entity2783 , 2 cases of @entity8 , 1 case of @entity1987 , 1 case of endo and extracapillary @entity631 and 1 case of interstitial @entity8 . @entity1 having GN were treated by corticoids and immunosuppressive agents and those having an interstitial @entity8 were treated symptomatically with good evolution in the majority of the cases. Only one @entity1 is dead, he had @entity2783 . Prognosis depended on the precocity of the diagnosis, the histological type and the treatment. CONCLUSION: The renal involvement during Beh  et's disease is rare. @entity2783 and Ig A @entity8 are the most frequent. Treatment is still controversial.

title: [Renal involvement in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ["Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity2403 :: (MESH:D001528,Disease) :: ['Behcet's disease']


abstract: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is a @entity395 that affects all tissues, except reticuloendothelial tissues, and seldom causes a myelomatous @entity1143 . A 56-year-old male @entity1 attended our clinic complaining of @entity1353 . A posteroanterior chest radiograph revealed a left @entity1143 , which was subsequently assessed as being exudative in nature. Protein electrophoresis demonstrated @entity4754 . Serum and pleural fluid immunofixation electrophoresis showed an increase in the IgG and kappa fractions. The Bence-Jones protein level in the 24-hours urine was high. Pleural biopsy showed plasmocyte infiltration. Bone marrow biopsy revealed atypical plasma cell infiltration, some with immature morphology, carrying IgG/Kappa clonality in a diffuse pattern. The @entity1 was diagnosed with IgG/k type @entity1582 and underwent chemotherapy with @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity617 . Complete regression of the @entity1143 was achieved after one round of chemotherapy, and the @entity1 has been followed for 18 months.

title: Pleural effusion as the first sign of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath and fatigue for the past month']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Experiments were performed to examine the possible interaction between the cholinergic transmitter and the reactivity of gastric arteries to adrenergic activation. Helical strips of @entity235 ' gastric arteries were mounted for isometric tension recording. The strips contracted on exposure to @entity1063 ; these contractions were inhibited by @entity5333 . Electrical stimulation caused an increase in tension, which was abolished by @entity1022 and @entity5333 , indicating that electrical stimulation causes contraction by liberation of @entity1063 . @entity934 did not alter basal tension; it caused relaxation during responses to electrical simulation, but not during those to @entity1063 . The relaxation caused by @entity934 was abolished by @entity3897 . This indicates that @entity934 inhibits adrenergic neurotransmission in the @entity235 's gastric artery. When added during electrical stimulation, @entity3897 caused an increase in tension. The same concentrations of @entity3897 did not affect basal tension or the response to @entity27413 . @entity2607 depressed the response to electrical stimulation, but not that to @entity1063 . In the blood-perfused stomach of the intact @entity235 , vagal stimulation depressed vasoconstrictions caused by sympathetic nerve stimulation more than comparable constrictor responses obtained with the infusion of @entity1063 . These experiments suggest that liberated @entity934 can modulate adrenergic neurotransmission in the gastric blood vessels. The removal of cholinergic inhibition on the release of @entity1063 may help explain why vagotomy has a beneficial effect on @entity356 .

title: Cholinergic inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission in the XXXX gastric artery.

entities_list: @entity27413 :: ('MESH:D008771', 'Chemical') :: ['norephrine']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['Physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bleeding']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: We studied seven @entity1 with @entity1188 and large fusiform vertebrobasilar (VB) @entity439 to clarify the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. All presented with pontine @entity1188 ; one also had a @entity1188 . VB TIAs preceded @entity1188 in four @entity1 . Angiography and CT documented VB fusiform @entity384 . Four had intraluminal thrombi and one had severe @entity9085 . Two distinct clinical pictures emerged: unilateral pontine @entity1188 with favorable outcome, presumably related to obstruction of a pontine penetrating artery at its origin from the posterior wall of the @entity438 , and major fatal bilateral pontine @entity1188 from basilar @entity432 . Two @entity1 came to autopsy. One had @entity715 in the dilated basilar artery and a posterior cerebral artery branch embolus with @entity385 ; the other had basilar artery @entity715 with @entity1756 and @entity510 . Fusiform @entity439 caused @entity64 by intraluminal @entity715 , local @entity887 , atherostenosis, and obstruction of paramedian penetrating arteries. @entity510 is an uncommon complication.

title: @entity64 in @entity1 with fusiform vertebrobasilar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem stroke']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal rupture']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['basilar artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar infarct', 'infarcts', 'brainstem infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'VB aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic occipital infarction']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal basilar artery']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: @entity328 is the most common causative agent of community-acquired @entity55 throughout the world, with high morbidity and mortality rates. A major feature of @entity2258 is abundant neutrophil infiltration. In this study, we identified @entity2260 a-enolase as a neutrophil binding protein in ligand blot assay and mass spectrometry findings. Scanning electron microscopic and fluorescence microscopic analyses also revealed that @entity2260 a-enolase induces formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which have been reported to bind and kill microbes. In addition, cytotoxic assay results showed that a-enolase dose-dependently increased the release of extracellular @entity880 dehydrogenase from @entity1 neutrophils as compared with untreated neutrophils. Furthermore, an in vitro cell migration assay using Chemotaxicell culture chambers demonstrated that a-enolase possesses neutrophil migrating activity. Interestingly, bactericidal assay findings showed that a-enolase increased neutrophil extracellular trap-dependent killing of @entity2260 in @entity1 blood. Moreover, pulldown assay and mass spectrometry results identified myoblast antigen 24.1D5 as an a-enolase-binding protein on @entity1 neutrophils, whereas flow cytometric analysis revealed that 24.1D5 was expressed on @entity1 neutrophils, but not on @entity1 monocytes or T cells. Together, our results indicate that a-enolase from @entity2260 increases neutrophil migrating activity and induces cell death of @entity1 neutrophils by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps. Furthermore, we found that myoblast antigen 24.1D5, which expressed on the surface of neutrophils, bound to a-enolase of @entity2260 .

title: a-Enolase of XXXX induces formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: The activities and zonal distribution of key enzymes of @entity1735 metabolism were studied in livers of @entity35 after end-to-side portocaval @entity254 . Sham-operated control animals with the same periods of interruption of hepatic blood supply as the shunted animals were pair-fed. The following alterations were observed: Food uptake was reduced to about 20% at the first postoperational day; it was then increased continuously to about 70% at day 8. Body weight, after a small 10% postoperational decrease, remained unaltered, but liver weight was lowered to 55% at day 8 and then stayed constant. The total glycogen reserves of the liver (g X 100 g body weight-1) were reduced, after a transient fall to about 10% at day 1-4, to about 25%. The total activity of the glucogenic @entity7954 carboxykinase (mumol . min-1 X 100 g body weight-1) was diminished, after a transient increase to 190% and 150% at day 1 and 2 respectively, to about 55% from day 8 onwards. The total activity of the glucogenic @entity413 -6-phosphatase was lowered without a transient rise to about 30%. The total activities of the glycolytic @entity2388 kinase isoenzyme L and glucokinase were decreased continuously to about 40% at day 8; that of the @entity1792 cycle enzyme @entity4588 dehydrogenase was lowered parallel with liver weight to 55%. The transient decrease of the glycogen reserves and the intermediate increase of the @entity7954 carboxykinase capacity were due to the operational stress, since they were observed also in the sham-operated control animals. All other alterations, the decrease of liver weight and of the capacities of both gluconeogenic and glycolytic key enzymes, were specific for the portocaval @entity254 . The normal periportal to perivenous gradient of @entity7954 carboxykinase of about 3.5:1, as measured in microdissected tissue samples, remained the same with specific activities reduced to about 80% each in the two zones. The normal periportal to perivenous gradient of @entity2388 kinase L of about 1:1.7 was equalized with levels lowered to 35% and 23%, respectively, in the two zones. The normal periportal to perivenous gradients of @entity413 -6-phosphatase and @entity4588 dehydrogenase, demonstrated histochemically, were essentially maintained with perivenous bridging occurring transiently at day 4 and 8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Glucostat capacity and metabolic zonation in XXXX liver after portocaval @entity254 .

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: This article describes the prevalence of laryngeal pathology in a treatment-seeking population with @entity7364 in the Flemish part of Belgium. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective investigation. METHODS: During a period of 5 years (2004-2008), data were collected from 882 @entity1 who consulted with @entity7364 at the ear, nose, and throat department of the University Hospital in Ghent (Belgium). Laryngeal pathology was diagnosed using videostroboscopy. Ages ranged from 4 years to 90 years. RESULTS: Functional @entity1740 were most frequently diagnosed (30%), followed by vocal fold nodule (15%), and pharyngolaryngeal reflux (9%). The role of age, gender, and occupation was investigated. Pathologies were significantly more common in females than in males, representing 63.8% and 36.2% of the population, respectively. Professional voice users accounted for 41% of the workforce population, with teachers as main subgroup. In professional voice users, functional @entity7364 occurred in 41%, vocal fold nodules in 15%, and pharyngolaryngeal reflux in 11%. Our data were compared with data from other countries. CONCLUSIONS: Functional @entity1740 were overall the most common cause of @entity1740 (except in childhood), followed by vocal fold nodules and pharyngolaryngeal reflux. Professional voice users accounted for almost one half of the active population, with functional @entity1740 as the main cause of @entity7364 .

title: The prevalence of laryngeal pathology in a treatment-seeking population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice disorders']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['dysphonia']


abstract: Cognitive estimation, an ability to attribute measurements to concrete things, is relevant to adaptive behavior. This study evaluated cognitive estimation in @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) with the goal of verifying its relationship to @entity75 and age of @entity410 onset. One hundred and eight @entity1 with drug-resistant @entity1315 and 51 healthy controls were evaluated using the Cognitive Estimation Task (CET), which requires simple and complex estimations providing the Total and Bizarreness scores. Different tests assessed reasoning, attention, executive, visuospatial, and lexical-semantic abilities. @entity1 with right @entity1315 had earlier age of @entity410 onset than @entity1 with left @entity1315 and lower education than controls. Compared with controls, both @entity1 groups obtained worse CET Total and Bizarreness scores, but only @entity1 with right @entity1315 were significantly impaired. @entity1 with @entity410 onset before age 12 showed worse scores than @entity1 with later @entity410 onset irrespective of the side of @entity1315 . The CET Total and Bizarreness scores were predicted by age of @entity410 onset and semantic fluency; the Bizarreness score also related to education, chronological age, and visual attention. Results highlight the complexity of the cognitive pattern associated with @entity1315 . Cognitive estimation deficit primarily reflects early age of @entity410 onset and semantic difficulties. An involvement of @entity227 mediated by the right hemisphere may accentuate the deficit, while cognitive reserve may play a protective role.

title: Investigating higher-order cognitive functions in XXXX : cognitive estimation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual mental operations']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe damage']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of @entity2756 before skin incision and after cord clamping in preventing post-operative @entity166 morbidity and neonatal outcome in elective caesarean section and to determine the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis before skin incision on neonatal outcome. METHODS: Our study was a randomised controlled trial conducted among 874 @entity1 undergoing elective caesarean section from October 2010 to July 2012. These @entity1 were randomly categorised into two groups with 437 @entity1 in each group. Group 1 received single dose of @entity2756 1 g intravenously 15-45 min before skin incision. Group 2 received the antibiotic after cord clamping. Primary outcome measures were maternal post-operative @entity166 morbidities like surgical site wound @entity281 , febrile morbidity, @entity7288 , @entity293 and @entity295 . Results were analysed using Chi-square test and unpaired t test. RESULTS: Surgical site wound @entity281 occurred in 3 @entity1 in group 1 (0.7%) and 6 @entity1 in group 2 (1.4%). @entity221 occurred in 9 @entity1 in group 1 (2.1%) and 5 in group 2 (1.1%) with the p value of 0.419, not statistically significant. @entity293 occurred in 9 @entity1 in group 1 (2.1%) and 7 @entity1 in group 2 (1.6%) with the p value of 0.801. None of the @entity1 in either group developed @entity7288 . About 20 neonates [10 neonates (2.3%) in group 1 and 10 neonates (2.3%) in group 2] required NICU admission after caesarean delivery. The reasons for admission were respiratory distress, @entity3465 and @entity154 . About 0.9% of neonates in group 1 and 1.8% in group 2 developed @entity295 with positive blood culture (p = 0.388). CONCLUSION: Timing of administration of prophylactic antibiotics for elective caesarean section either before skin incision or after cord clamping did not have significant difference in the occurrence of post-operative @entity166 morbidity. No adverse neonatal outcome was observed in @entity1 who received the antibiotic before skin incision.

title: Comparison of administration of single dose @entity2756 for elective caesarean section before skin incision and after cord clamping in preventing post-operative XXXX morbidity.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'Urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term consequences of an @entity3596 episode vary. Some @entity1 do not have any long-term disability, whereas others develop @entity458 that may be severe and persistent. In this study, we compared the incidence of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) in @entity1 with and without confirmed @entity3596 who were randomized in the B-Aware Trial. METHODS: We used a matched cohort design, aiming to follow up the 13 @entity1 with confirmed @entity3596 . Each surviving @entity3596 @entity1 was matched with 4 controls for age, sex, surgery type, date of surgery, and hospital. A face-to-face interview was conducted with each @entity3596 @entity1 and matched controls using the Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale. RESULTS: Data collection for this study occurred between June 2006 and March 2007, with a median follow-up time of 5.3 yr (range, 4.3-5.7 yr). Six of the 13 confirmed @entity3596 @entity1 had died. Five of the 7 confirmed @entity3596 @entity1 (71%) and 3 of the 25 controls (12%) fulfilled the criteria for @entity1005 at the time of the interview (adjusted odds ratio = 13.3 [95% confidence interval: 1.4-650]; P = 0.02). The median onset time of symptoms was 14 days (range, 7-243 days) after surgery, and the median duration of symptoms was 4.7 yr (range, 4.4-5.6 yr). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1005 was common and persistent in the confirmed @entity3596 @entity1 of the B-Aware Trial. Strategies to prevent @entity3596 in @entity1 under general anesthesia are justified.

title: XXXX in aware @entity1 from the B-aware trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['awareness']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: @entity6542 ( @entity2915 , desensitization) is applied monthly with subcutaneous injections ( @entity56 ) or sublingually (SLIT) with droplets or tablets on a daily basis. Numerous immunological changes during @entity2915 induce long-lasting tolerance. Efficacy has been demonstrated by a number of controlled @entity56 ( @entity56 ), @entity56 ( @entity56 , SLIT particularly in grass pollen @entity566 ), and @entity56 ( @entity56   >   SLIT). @entity2915 is indicated in @entity1 and adults with severe @entity56 reactions from insect venoms (e.g., @entity5157 , wasp) or cumbersome symptoms from pollen, house dust mites or mold allergens and proven immediated-type @entity566 . Contraindications must be considered individually. @entity2915 is performed for 3  years, in case of venom @entity566 3-5  years. Severe systemic reactions are rare after @entity56 . After SLIT rather @entity56 of short duration occur in the mouth and throat. At present, the number prescriptions for @entity2915 has decreased due to inadequate reimbursement of @entity566 -related services (diagnostics, therapies, monitoring). In the future, inferior medical care of @entity56 @entity1 in Germany is expected, who until now have benefited from the preventive effects of @entity2915 (reduced risk of developing @entity565 and new @entity56 @entity2915 ).

title: [Role of allergen-specific immunotherapy (desensitization) for the treatment of XXXX in Germany. Current situation].

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['Allergen-specific immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'sensitizations']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinoconjunctivitis', 'allergic asthma', 'allergic', 'SCIT', 'studies for insect venom hypersensitivity', 'local allergic symptoms']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergies']


abstract: @entity1482 is a diuretic, selective @entity1369 , antagonist with its own antihypertensive action which prevents body loss of @entity972 . Its clinical use has been documented on the treatment of essential arterial @entity101 ; however, there does not seem to be enough information to form a solid chemical criterion. This work is a clinical evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of the drug using double-blind technic with 41 @entity1 with essential arterial @entity101 , all external @entity1 from the Instituto de Cardiolog  a. They were divided in two groups, selected at random, to be able to observe their tensional range with @entity1482 every two weeks, during 16 weeks; and using a placebo for the next 16 weeks. On group following this order; and the other one viceversa. After 32 weeks, the results observed show the effect of placebo, as well as @entity1482 on arterial pressure and the statistic comparison, states the real antihypertensive effect of the drug on this group of @entity1 . Every day doses were from 300 to 450 mg., and with it there was a rise in seric @entity972 of an average of 1 mEq/l. The authors suggest that this drug is useful in cases of essential @entity101 although its pathway isn't deeply known. Apparently, the antihypertensive effect of @entity1482 is not solely on @entity1 with @entity101 due to @entity1368 . The intervention on various hipertensinogenous factors in relation to its effect are discussed.

title: [Double-blind therapeutic trial of @entity1482 in arterial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone', 'Spironolactone']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: We have studied the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and the pulmonary cell infiltration in a @entity840 model in which both initial sensitization and subsequent exposure to the antigen were performed by aerosol. Enhanced bronchopulmonary response to aerosol administration of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) was observed 3-4 hr and 18-24 hr after antigen exposure of sensitized animals. In contrast, when @entity1617 and @entity750 were administered intravenously 3-4 hr after the challenge, no significant alteration of the dose-response curves was observed. However, 18-24 hr after antigen challenge, a marked leftward shift of the dose-response curve was observed on intravenous injection of @entity1617 or @entity750 . The increased bronchial reactivity to aerosolized @entity1617 in sensitized and challenged @entity840 reached a maximum by days 2-4, was still significantly increased at day 5 and returned to the basal value by day 8. No further alteration of the dose-related bronchopulmonary response to aerosol or intravenous administration of @entity1617 was recorded 24 hr after a second antigen challenge, performed 8 days after the initial one. The analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids showed a significant increase in the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils 3-4 hr after the exposure of sensitized animals to the antigen, which was also associated with a significant @entity1712 at 18-24 hr. Histological examination of lung specimens obtained from animals 3-4 hr following challenge demonstrated eosinophil infiltration in the peribronchial regions and bronchial walls, as well as within the epithelium. Furthermore, as compared to time 3-4 hr, less eosinophils in the peribronchial area and submucosa were counted 24 hr after antigen challenge. However, a role of eosinophil-derived products in the development of @entity2488 in this experimental model remains to be established.

title: XXXX and cellular infiltration in the lung of @entity840 sensitized and challenged by aerosol.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsivenss']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2488 :: (MESH:D001982,Disease) :: ['Bronchial hyperresponsiveness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity360 is a frequent reason for hospital admission. Although most risk scoring systems for this disorder incorporate endoscopic findings, the @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is based on simple clinical and laboratory variables; a score of 0 identifies low-risk @entity1 who might be suitable for outpatient management. We aimed to evaluate the @entity548 then assess the effect of a protocol based on this score for non-admission of low-risk individuals. METHODS: Our study was undertaken at four hospitals in the UK. We calculated @entity548 and admission (pre-endoscopy) and full (post-endoscopy) Rockall scores for consecutive @entity1 presenting with @entity360 . With receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we compared the ability of these scores to predict either need for clinical intervention or death. We then prospectively assessed at two hospitals the introduction of @entity548 scoring to avoid admission of low-risk @entity1 . FINDINGS: Of 676 @entity1 presenting with @entity360 , we identified 105 (16%) who scored 0 on the @entity548 . For prediction of need for intervention or death, @entity548 (area under ROC curve 0.90 [95% CI 0.88-0.93]) was superior to full Rockall score (0.81 [0.77-0.84]), which in turn was better than the admission Rockall score (0.70 [0.65-0.75]). When introduced into clinical practice, 123 @entity1 (22%) with @entity360 were classified as low risk, of whom 84 (68%) were managed as outpatients without adverse events. The proportion of individuals with this condition admitted to hospital also fell (96% to 71%, p<0.00001). INTERPRETATION: The @entity548 identifies many @entity1 presenting to general hospitals with @entity360 who can be managed safely as outpatients. This score reduces admissions for this condition, allowing more appropriate use of in- @entity1 resources.

title: Outpatient management of @entity1 with low-risk XXXX : multicentre validation and prospective evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage', 'Upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score', 'GBS']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chryseobacterium species are Gram-negative bacteria with an unusual antibiotic profile. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is the species most commonly encountered as a @entity1 pathogen. OBJECTIVES: To study the microbiological, clinical and therapeutic features of C. @entity281 in @entity1 on dialysis, at @entity3595 Jayewardenepura General Hospital (Teaching) (SJGH), and to trace the source of @entity281 . DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: Dialysis unit of SJGH. @entity1 : population @entity1 who underwent long term haemodialysis (HD) and manual intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) in the dialysis unit. METHODS: Clinical and microbiological records of @entity1 with C. @entity281 over a period of 2 years were reviewed retrospectively. Environmental screening was carried out to detect a possible source of @entity281 . RESULTS: Thirty five episodes of @entity281 due to C. meningosepticum in 33 @entity1 on HD and IPD were detected. There were 30 episodes of @entity298 , four of @entity582 and one of asymptomatic colonization of a @entity1726 catheter. Isolates were resistant to @entity581 , chephalosporins and @entity5646 , and sensitive to @entity799 , @entity2176 and @entity1215 . They showed variable sensitivity to @entity2892 and @entity2177 . All except one @entity1 had a favourable outcome. C. meningosepticum was cultured from a sink in the dialysis unit, but the original source of the organism was not known. CONCLUSION: C. meningosepticum could be an important pathogen in a dialysis unit, and @entity2887 and @entity2176 are effective as empiric therapy.

title: Chryseobacterium XXXX in a dialysis unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'meningosepticum infections']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['meningosepticum infections']


abstract: Cytokeratin-positive interstitial reticulum cell (CIRC) @entity242 is a rare type of dendritic cell @entity5 derived from a subset of fibroblastic reticular cells. Expression of cytokeratins and extranodal location of these @entity5 can lead to a misdiagnosis of @entity189 . We report two cases of @entity1893 primarily involving the scalp and breast. @entity1 were referred with an initial diagnosis of @entity189 . Case 1 underwent wide local excision of the scalp @entity5 with left posterolateral neck dissection. Case 2 had modified radical mastectomy for the @entity5 in left breast. Histopathological examination of both specimens showed an epithelioid to spindle cell @entity5 that co-expressed @entity10585 , @entity2873 , @entity2277 , and smooth muscle actin. A diagnosis of CIRC @entity242 was made. Pathologists should be aware of this subset of @entity8790 . @entity189 , other @entity242 of the accessory dendritic cell family, and poorly differentiated @entity5 have to be ruled out by combination of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopic studies.

title: Cytokeratin-positive @entity1893 : extranodal presentations mimicking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8790 :: ('MESH:D054740', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic cell sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['CIRC sarcomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1373 and phenotypic changes in fibroblasts are often observed in chronic inflammatory lesions, and yet the autonomous pathogenic contribution of these changes is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to analyze the intrinsic ability of fibroblasts from chronically inflamed synovial tissue to drive cell recruitment and angiogenesis. METHODS: Fibroblasts from @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) or @entity571 ( @entity571 ), as well as fibroblasts from healthy synovial tissue and healthy skin, were cultured and subcutaneously engrafted into @entity465 @entity19 . Cell infiltration and angiogenesis were analyzed in the grafts by immunohistochemical studies. The role of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ), @entity19149 , and @entity519 -inducible transcription factor 1alpha ( @entity1965 ) in these processes was investigated using specific antagonists or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated down-regulation of @entity1965 in fibroblasts. RESULTS: Inflammatory ( @entity571 and @entity309 ) synovial fibroblasts, compared with healthy dermal or synovial tissue fibroblasts, induced a significant enhancement in myeloid cell infiltration and angiogenesis in @entity465 @entity19 . These activities were associated with increased constitutive and @entity519 -induced expression of @entity1611 , but not @entity19149 , in inflammatory fibroblasts compared with healthy fibroblasts. @entity1611 and @entity19149 antagonists significantly reduced myeloid cell infiltration and angiogenesis. Furthermore, targeting of @entity1965 expression by siRNA or of @entity1965 transcriptional activity by the small molecule chetomin in @entity309 fibroblasts significantly reduced both responses. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that chronic @entity32 is associated with stable fibroblast changes that, under @entity519 conditions, are sufficient to induce inflammatory cell recruitment and angiogenesis, both of which are processes relevant to the perpetuation of chronic @entity32 .

title: @entity1 inflammatory synovial fibroblasts induce enhanced myeloid cell recruitment and angiogenesis through a @entity519 -inducible transcription factor 1alpha/ @entity1611 -mediated pathway in XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'synovial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficient']


abstract: @entity15617 ( @entity15617 ) is a rare @entity74 . It is caused by a mutation in the @entity34001 gene, which codes for the @entity920 -transporting ATPase in the cell organelles. Dysfunction of many @entity920 -dependent enzymes results in low concentrations of @entity920 in some tissues and accumulation of @entity920 in others. We report on a @entity1 that at the age of 2 months presented with @entity75 with @entity302 and later had a progressive @entity245 . Despite treatment with various antiepileptic drugs, some @entity410 still persisted. Our diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. We also plan to confirm the diagnosis genetically. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of @entity15617 in Slovenia. Treatment of @entity15617 is usually not successful, especially in sporadic cases, because it usually begins too late. Early neonatal treatment may be successful in half of the cases.

title: @entity15617 ( XXXX ). A case report.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity15617 :: ('MESH:D007706', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'Menkes disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity15617 :: (MESH:D007706,Disease) :: ['Menkes syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Macrophage is a major contributor to the development of @entity731 by taking up deposited lipoprotein and eliciting @entity32 . Previously, we and others have shown C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) play diverse roles in vascular functions. In this study, we sought to investigate the changes in CTRP expression levels during vital biological processes in macrophages and their relation to inflammatory responses. METHODS: Western blot and real-time PCR were performed to analyze CTRPs expression levels in @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, primary macrophages and lipid-laden foam cells. Mechanisms that regulate CTPR1 expression were further investigated by bioinformatic analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the concentration of inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: We found that almost all CTRPs were significantly increased in primary @entity1 macrophages after differentiation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In particular, @entity34854 was further up-regulated upon exposure to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in a @entity5601 ( @entity5601 )-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation also confirmed the presence of @entity5601 -y in the @entity34854 promoter after oxLDL treatment. Stimulation of @entity34854 led to markedly enhanced secretion of pro-atherogenic factors, including @entity2842 , @entity310 , @entity1356 , and @entity650 , whereas oxLDL-induced inflammatory cytokine production was significantly attenuated after the treatment with @entity34854 neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest an essential role of @entity34854 in linking dysregulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses in macrophages.

title: C1q/TNF-related protein 1 links macrophage lipid metabolism to XXXX and @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5601 :: ('5465', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor', 'PPAR']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The effect of age and renal function on @entity801 pharmacokinetic parameters were studied in 125 @entity1 with various degrees of renal function. @entity1 were grouped according to age. Group 1 ranged from 18-40 years (46 @entity1 ), group 2 ranged from 41-64 years (53 @entity1 ) and group 3 ranged from 65-92 years (26 @entity1 ). Elimination rate constant (K) were 0.28 +/- 0.01 h-1 (mean +/- SEM), 0.23 +/- 0.02 h-1, and 0.16 +/- 0.01 h-1 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Total body clearance (Clt) were 86.21 +/- 5.0 ml/min, 62.41 +/- 4.36 ml/min, and 46.08 +/- 3.89 ml/min, for group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. No significant differences were found between groups with respect to apparent volume of distribution. There was a significant decrease in @entity1011 clearance (Clcr) with increase in age. Linear regression analysis revealed good correlations between age of the @entity1 and K (r = 0.4132, p less than 0.05), between age and Clt (r = 0.3999, p less than 0.05) and between age and Clcr (r = 0.5241, p less than 0.05). However, poor correlations between age and apparent volume of distribution and between age and serum @entity1011 concentration were obtained. Significant relationships were also obtained between the composite parameters Clt/age and K/age vs Clcr (r = 0.7064, p less than 0.001, and r = 0.7200, p less than 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, no significant relations were found between K/Clcr and Clt/Clcr vs age of the @entity1 . These findings suggest that the elimination of @entity801 is independent of age of the @entity1 but is highly dependent on renal function.

title: Effect of age and renal function on XXXX pharmacokinetic parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment for source of @entity64 is a common indication for transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE). Although an abnormality is frequently found, it remains uncertain how frequently the findings alter @entity1 management. Also, the role of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) prior to or instead of TOE is not well defined. We sought to determine the use of TTE prior to TOE, the outcome of the TOE and its impact on management. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records and echocardiography results of 100 consecutive @entity1 who underwent TOE for any reason at a tertiary hospital. In 35 subjects (35%), the indication was evaluation for source of @entity64 . Among these, we determined clinical risk factors for @entity64 , if a TTE was performed prior to their TOE, the results of the TOE and its effect on management. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity64 @entity1 was 64.6 years (17-90) and 49% were @entity1 . Eighty per cent had at least one risk factor for @entity64 and 17% had @entity955 . A TTE, performed in 40% prior to the TOE, found an abnormality in 14% (2/14). The TOE showed an abnormality in 71% of @entity1 ; 54% had aortic @entity1856 ; 17% @entity22105 ; 14% spontaneous echo contrast; 6% left @entity715 , 3% left ventricular thrombus and 3% vegetation. In only one @entity1 (3%) the management was altered based on the abnormal TOE findings. CONCLUSION: An abnormality on TOE, although common (71%) and more sensitive than TTE, altered management in only 3% of subjects referred for @entity64 assessment. Its role requires further consideration.

title: The utility of transoesophageal echocardiography to determine management in suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage thrombus']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['embolic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3444 is a self-limiting condition, but can be @entity158 . Among the different treatments which exist, @entity228 injections are effective and popular. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is another treatment modality used for resistant conditions. In this study, the authors evaluated the efficacy of radial ESWT versus corticosteroid injections in the treatment of @entity3444 . DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Physical medicine and rehabilitation research center in a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Forty @entity1 with @entity3444 who did not respond to conservative treatment. METHODS: @entity1 were allocated to radial ESWT with 2000 shock waves/session of 0.2   mJ/mm(2) (n   =   20) or local @entity1667 injections (n   =   20). @entity158 in the morning and during the day based on a visual analog scale (VAS), functional abilities using the @entity10395 ( @entity10395 ), and satisfaction were evaluated before treatment and at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: @entity1 (average age: 42.1     8.20) received five sessions of ESWT or single @entity479 injection. Changes in the VAS in morning and during the day and the @entity10395 throughout the study period were significant in both groups (P   <   0.001). ESWT group had a higher reduction in VAS in morning and better function in @entity10395 , but these changes were insignificant statistically [ @entity10395 decreased to 19.65        21.26 points (67.4% improvement) in ESWT vs 31.50        20.53 points (47.7%) in injection group at week 8, P   =   0.072)]. Good or excellent results in the opinions of @entity1 were achieved in 55% of ESWT and 30% of corticosteroid injection groups (P   =   0.11). CONCLUSION: Both interventions caused improvement in @entity158 and functional ability 2 months after treatment. Although inter-group differences were not significant, the @entity10395 was improved more with ESWT and @entity1 were more satisfied with ESWT, thus shockwave therapy seems a safe alternative for management of @entity3444 .

title: Extra Corporeal Shock Wave Therapy Versus Local Corticosteroid Injection in the Treatment of XXXX , a Single Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['Plantar fasciitis', 'chronic plantar fasciitis', 'plantar fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'painful and disabling', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity10395 :: ('MESH:D005534', 'Disease') :: ['FFI', 'foot function index']

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['Chronic Plantar Fasciitis']