abstract: UNASSIGNED: The posterodorsal aspect of the medial amygdala (MePD) in @entity35 is sexually dimorphic, being larger and containing more and larger neurons in males than in females. It is also highly lateralized, with the right MePD larger than the left in both sexes, but with the smaller left MePD actually containing more and larger neurons than the larger right. Astrocytes are also strikingly sexually differentiated with male-biased numbers and lateralized favoring the left in the @entity35 MePD. However, comparable information is scant for @entity19 where genetic tools offer greater experimental power. Hence, we examined the MePD from adult male and female C57Bl/6(J) @entity19 . We now report that the MePD is larger in males than in females, with the MePD in males containing more astrocytes and neurons than in females. However, we did not find sex differences in astrocyte complexity or overall glial number nor effects of laterality in either measure. While the @entity19 MePD is generally less lateralized than in @entity35 , we did find that the sex difference in astrocyte number is only on the right because of a significant lateralization in females, with significantly fewer astrocytes on the right than the left but only in females. A sex difference in neuronal soma size favoring males was also evident, but only on the left. Sex differences in the number of neurons and astrocytes common to both rodent species may represent core morphological features that critically underlie the expression of sex-specific behaviors that depend on the MePD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Sex and laterality differences in medial amygdala neurons and astrocytes of adult XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the recognition of ionizing radiation as a causal risk factor for a variety of solid @entity5 (including @entity1313 ), to date, such an association with @entity977 ( @entity977 ) has not been demonstrated. METHODS: To evaluate a possible association between past exposure to radiation and the occurrence of @entity977 , the authors reviewed about 4900 medical records of @entity1 who had been irradiated in childhood for @entity3100 . An additional search for @entity1 was performed using the Israel Cancer Registry. The average radiation dose to the pituitary gland was estimated as 0.56 grays, and, for all @entity1 , a meticulous validation of the irradiation was performed. RESULTS: A group of 16 @entity1 who developed symptomatic @entity977 after childhood exposure to radiotherapy were identified. Overall, the clinical and demographic characteristics of these @entity1 were similar to other series reported in the literature. There was an apparently high rate of second @entity5 (25%), all of them in the irradiated area, diagnosed among this group. The methodologic issues that limit the demonstration of a possible association between radiation and @entity977 and the epidemiologic and experimental findings in the literature are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the ample amount of evidence identifying low-dose ionizing radiation as a risk factor for a number of @entity5 as well as for @entity5 arising in endocrine organs, a radiation immunity of the pituitary gland is difficult to accept. Hence, the authors suggest that this series should be considered as preliminary observation that supports the role of ionizing radiation in the development of this @entity5 .

title: A possible association between ionizing radiation and XXXX : a descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Keratoconus is a bilateral and asymmetric @entity2687 . Cross-linking uses ultra-violate rays to enhance corneal tissue. The purpose of this study was to use in vivo confocal microscopy to quantitatively analyze microstructural changes over time, after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in @entity9042 @entity1 . In this before-and-after study, a total of 45 keratoconic eyes were selected for cross-linking among @entity1 referred to Al-Zahra ophthalmology clinic during 2013-2014. All @entity1 underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations. Keratocytes and the present of activated keratocytes were calculated preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12  months postoperatively using confocal microscopy. One year after CXL, best corrected and best uncorrected visual acuity was increased significantly (p  <  0.001). Spherical equivalent and spherical @entity2516 reduced significantly (p  <  0.001). The reduction in density of anterior and mid-stromal keratocytes was significant initially (p  <  0.001). During follow-up, the density of keratocytes increased significantly in all layers reaching near normal values by 12  months. The percentage of activated keratocytes showed a significant increase 1  month after cross-linking (p  <  0.001) albeit this percent reduced as the @entity2687 proceeded by month 12. The endothelial cells showed no significant reduction during the follow-up. Collagen cross-linking-induced significant reduction in keratocyte density. The percent of activated keratocytes increased significantly after cross-linking which showed reduction with improvement of @entity2687 . After collagen cross-linking, hyper-reflective structures were observed consistent with the stromal collagen structures. Further studies are needed to assess possible changes on corneal biomechanics. The consistency in corneal endothelium numbers proves the safety of this technique.

title: Comparison of corneal keratocytes before and after corneal collagen cross-linking in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ectasia', 'corneal healing']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity957 are one of the rare @entity5 types. Due to the developments in the past 35 years, surgery is no longer the first treatment of choice. The aim of this study was to retrospectively examine the outcomes of 24 @entity1 treated in a single center in the last 21 years in terms of applied treatment, local relapse, distant @entity3 , post-treatment complications, and survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data obtained from 24 @entity957 @entity1 , who were treated in Ankara Oncology Research and Education Hospital between 1990 and 2010, were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity1 , 16 had @entity957 and eight had @entity957 . All of the @entity1 with @entity957 (n=16) received chemoradiotherapy. Three of these @entity1 who did not respond to treatment, underwent abdominoperineal resection. The @entity1 with @entity1544 were treated by local excision. During the follow -ups, seven @entity1 experienced local relapse, and one @entity1 had distant organ @entity3 . Only one @entity1 died. Five-year disease free survival rate was found as 66%. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the first alternative in the treatment of @entity1544 should be chemoradiotherapy; and surgery seems to be the appropriate approach for the non-responsive and relapsing cases.

title: The results of 21-year experience of treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['anal canal squamous cell carcinoma', 'Anal squamous cell carcinomas', 'anal squamous cell carcinoma', 'perianal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['perianal squamous cell tumors', 'anal squamous cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['anal squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: @entity1068 has been detected in the majority of medical examiner cases involving nonnatural @entity204 and in a substantial number of natural deaths. The higher the serum @entity167 concentration (SAC), the greater were the odds that @entity204 was due to external (traumatic) causes. We identified 149 medical examiner cases that were positive for @entity1068 and negative for 11 major drug of abuse groups, and studied those cases to further clarify @entity1068 -related risk factors and behaviors. Based on terms of frequency of occurrence, the data identify SACs of 201 mg% to 300 mg% as a particularly high risk factor for sudden, unexpected, @entity204 . @entity130 deaths associated with SACs below 100 mg% were infrequent, and attendant opinions concerning the contributory role of @entity1068 must be made with circumspection. SACs below 150 mg% could not be used to predict whether or not the decedents had been engaged in active or sedentary behavior prior to @entity204 because both situations occurred with equal frequency. At SACs between 151 mg% and 350 mg%, active situations were observed three times as often as sedentary situations. When SACs were 350 mg%, sedentary situations were observed twice as often as active situations. Suicide victims and driver fatalities rarely showed SACs above 350 mg%; therefore finding such SACs in apparent suicidal or driver fatality situations should prompt a thorough investigation to rule out other possibilities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A "back door" approach to analysis of XXXX -associated risks and behavior.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine premature mortality in terms of years of potential life lost (YPLL) among a cohort of long-term @entity4521 addicts. METHOD: This longitudinal, prospective study followed a cohort of 581 male @entity4521 addicts in California for more than 33 years. In the latest follow-up conducted in 1996/97, 282 subjects (48.5%) were confirmed as deceased by @entity204 certificates. YPLL before age 65 years was calculated by causes of @entity204 . Ethnic differences in YPLL were assessed among Whites, Hispanics, and African Americans. RESULTS: On average, addicts in this cohort lost 18.3 years (SD=10.7) of potential life before age 65. Of the total YPLL for the cohort, 22.3% of the years lost was due to @entity4521 @entity1445 , 14.0% due to @entity409 , and 10.2% to accidents. The total YPLL and YPLL by @entity204 cause in addict cohort were significantly higher than that of US population. The YPLL among African Americans was significantly lower than that among Whites or Hispanics. CONCLUSION: The YPLL among addicts was much higher than that in the national population; within the cohort, premature mortality was higher among Whites and Hispanics compared to African American addicts.

title: Years of potential life lost among XXXX addicts 33 years after treatment.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: To evaluate objectively the degree of the urodynamics recovery in @entity1 with nephrostomy in the postoperative period and to determine the optimal times of removing the nephrostomy drainage tubes, a ++video-urodynamic study was carried out. It consisted in combined antegrade X-ray TV ++pyelo-ureteroscopy and ++trans-fistula pyelomanometry. To measure the degree of the effect of retroperitoneal pressure on urodynamics, intraperitoneal pressure was also evaluated. The volumetric rate of the perfusion of the radiographic contrast substance ranged from 1 to 7 ml/min. As many as 108 @entity1 with nephrostomy were examined within different times after the operation. Urodynamics was regarded as recovered, if the difference between pelvic and intraperitoneal pressure did not exceed 12 cm @entity2507 , with the volumetric rate of perfusion being different. In 76/108 @entity1 (70.4%), adequate passage of urine in the ++upper urinary tract was determined, which allowed one to attempt @entity6044 . In 32/108 @entity1 (29.6%), the results of the study were viewed as unsatisfactory which required continuation of the draining of the pelvi-calyceal system by the nephrostomic drainage tubes. Repeated investigation carried out after 5-10 days revealed the normalization of the urodynamic characteristics. No complications were recorded after the nephrostomic drainage tubes were removed.

title: [Use of pyelomanometry and roentgenological and television uroscopy in determining the time for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6044 :: ('MESH:D005596', 'Disease') :: ['nephrostomy closing']

answer: @entity6044 :: (MESH:D005596,Disease) :: ['nephrostomy closing']


abstract: Enkephalinase exists in airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle, and @entity19220 , and cleaves tachykinins to inactive metabolites, thereby reducing there effects. To study the role of enkephalinase in @entity748 response, we measured its activity in @entity840 model of @entity565 . When compared with the control values, the enkephalinase activity was reduced during in immediate @entity748 response (IAR) and late @entity748 response (LAR). Compared with the control values (100%), each value was 79.7%, 73.4% in the @entity825 and 74.3%, 55.7% in the lung respectively. Tracheal muscle preparation taken from the control, IAR, and LAR groups were made and mounted in oxygenated modified Krebs-Ringer solution. The response was monitored by isometric transducer. Concentration response curves to NKA with or without @entity10743 were obtained. The contractile responses of the LAR groups were enhanced in potency and efficiency. Phosphoramidon potentiated the NKA induced contraction of control and the IAR groups but was less potent in enhancing the contractile response in the LAR group, showing less enkephalinase activity in the LAR. These results suggest that the enkephalinase plays an important role in LAR. In LAR, the enkephalinase activity may be inhibited and the responsiveness of the smooth muscle to some bronchoconstrictor, such as @entity4756 , may be increased.

title: [Enkephalinase activity in the XXXX model of @entity565 ].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity10743 :: ('MESH:C008890', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoramidon']

entities_list: @entity19220 :: ('MESH:D015701', 'Disease') :: ['submucosa near glands']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinins']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is markedly impaired in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Despite worse prognosis and physical status, older @entity1 have better HRQOL than younger @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: to determine reasons for differences in HRQOL in older compared with younger @entity712 @entity1 . METHODS: a mixed methods approach was used. HRQOL was assessed using the Minnesota Living with @entity712 Questionnaire and compared among @entity712 @entity1 (n = 603) in four age groups ( <= 53, 54-62, 63-70 and >=  71 years). Socio-demographic/clinical and psychological factors related to HRQOL were determined in four groups using multiple regressions. @entity1 (n = 20) described their views of HRQOL during semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: HRQOL was worse in the youngest group, and best in the two oldest groups. The youngest group reported higher levels of @entity308 and @entity148 than the oldest group. @entity148 , @entity308 and functional capacity predicted HRQOL in all age groups. Qualitatively, @entity1 in all age groups acknowledged the negative impact of @entity712 on HRQOL; nonetheless older @entity1 reported that their HRQOL exceeded their expectations for their age. Younger @entity1 bemoaned the loss of activities and roles, and reported their HRQOL as poor. CONCLUSIONS: better HRQOL among older @entity712 @entity1 is the result, in part, of better psychosocial status. The major factor driving better HRQOL among older @entity1 is a change with advancing age in expectations about what constitutes good HRQOL.

title: 'It could be worse ... lot's worse!' Why health-related quality of life is better in older compared with younger individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited information on gastroenterologists' perspectives of @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) in discussions of therapeutic agents with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 . AIMS: To examine gastroenterologists' perspectives about @entity5516 with @entity29 @entity1 , using a novel statistical hybrid approach to analyze qualitative data. METHODS: Physician interviews and online surveys were conducted from a panel of gastroenterologists in April 2012. Gastroenterologists were asked about their barriers to @entity5516 , @entity5516 practices, relationship to their @entity1 , knowledge of @entity5516 , and insights into @entity5516 implementation. Key audio excerpts adapted from the interviews were used for moment-to-moment affect trace analysis in an online survey. Cluster analysis was used to segment gastroenterologists into mutually exclusive provider groups. RESULTS: One hundred and six gastroenterologists completed the survey (88  % male; 55  %   <=  50  years of age). Over three-fourths of gastroenterologists were familiar with @entity5516 (77  %). The vast majority of gastroenterologists (80  %) tried to use a form of @entity5516 with their @entity1 ; only 12  % stated that they have a systematic, consistent, and formally documented approach to @entity5516 . Three unique physician clusters were identified: @entity5516 Believers (20  %, n  =  20); @entity5516 Skeptics (47  %, n  =  47); and @entity5516 Enthusiasts (34  %, n  =  34). The three key barriers to practicing @entity5516 were lack of the following: time (74  %), reimbursement (70  %), and tools (51  %). Twenty-two percent of gastroenterologists do not currently use @entity5516 tools. CONCLUSIONS: Gastroenterologists lack the systematic approaches and tools for implementing @entity5516 within their @entity29 practices. These data offer a foundation for future research in developing and testing @entity5516 programs for gastroenterologists and their @entity29 @entity1 .

title: Gastroenterologists' Views of Shared Decision Making for XXXX with @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['SDM', 'shared decision making']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The right ventricle is a complex structure that is challenging to quantify by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. Unlike disk summation three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (3DE), single-beat 3DE can acquire large volumes at high volume rates in one cardiac cycle, avoiding stitching artifacts or long breath-holds. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and test-retest reproducibility of single-beat 3DE for quantifying right ventricular (RV) volumes in adult populations of acquired RV pressure or @entity1284 , namely, @entity120 ( @entity120 ) and @entity299 , respectively. Three-dimensional and 2D echocardiographic indices were also compared for identifying @entity67 in @entity120 . METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in 100 individuals who underwent 2D echocardiography, 3DE, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: 49 @entity1 with @entity120 , 20 with @entity299 , 11 with metastatic @entity5 without @entity299 , and 20 healthy volunteers. Two operators performed test-retest acquisition and postprocessing for inter- and intraobserver reproducibility in 20 subjects. RESULTS: RV single-beat 3DE was attainable in 96% of cases, with mean volume rates of 32 to 45 volumes/sec. Bland-Altman analysis of all subjects (presented as mean bias    95% limits of agreement) revealed good agreement for end-diastolic volume (-2.3      27.4  mL) and end-systolic volume (5.2      19.0  mL) measured by 3DE and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, with a tendency to underestimate @entity64 volume (-7.5      23.6  mL) and ejection fraction (-4.6    13.8%) by 3DE. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a greater bias for volumetric underestimation, particularly in healthy volunteers (end-diastolic volume, -11.9      18.0  mL; @entity64 volume, -11.2      20.2  mL). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that 3DE-derived ejection fraction was significantly superior to 2D echocardiographic parameters for identifying @entity67 in @entity120 (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 88%; area under the curve, 0.95; P  =  .031). There was significant interobserver test-retest bias for RV volume underestimation (end-diastolic volume, -12.5      28.1  mL; @entity64 volume, -10.6      23.2  mL). CONCLUSIONS: Single-beat 3DE is feasible and clinically applicable for volumetric quantification in acquired RV pressure or @entity1284 . It has improved limits of agreement compared with previous disk summation 3D echocardiographic studies and has incremental value over standard 2D echocardiographic measures for identifying @entity67 . Despite the ability to obtain and postprocess a full-volume 3D echocardiographic RV data set, the quality of the raw data did influence the accuracy of the data obtained. The technique performs better with dilated rather than nondilated RV cavities, with a learning curve that might affect the test-retest reproducibility for serial RV studies.

title: Accuracy and reproducibility of right ventricular quantification in XXXX with pressure and @entity1284 using single-beat three-dimensional echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement', 'carcinoid heart disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 47-year-old male Caucasian @entity1 , with no previous relevant medical history, presented in September 1996 with persistent right lower quadrant @entity490 . @entity5 in the cecum was identified and the @entity1 was submitted to ileocecal resection with ileocolic @entity254 . Histological examination showed a moderately differentiated @entity420 . One year later he developed @entity294 , urgency, and loss of weight. Based on clinical presentation and histology of large bowel biopsies, a diagnosis of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) was established. The previously resected surgical specimen was reevaluated, and lesions resembling @entity31 were identified in the nonneoplastic mucosa. High levels of alkaline phosphatase and @entity5428 transferase were detected. These alterations could be traced back to 1991. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed, showing diagnostic features of @entity991 ( @entity991 ), and the @entity1 was put on @entity10055 therapy. In March 1999, he started to have progressive @entity1353 and signs of @entity712 . Endomyocardial biopsy was performed showing extensive lesions of @entity18032 . This case illustrates a rather silent course of @entity31 in the presence of @entity991 , and supports the postulated increased risk in the development of proximally located @entity14 in these @entity1 . Additionally, the development of @entity18032 constituted an unexpected finding, not previously reported in this setting.

title: @entity420 as the first manifestation of @entity31 complicated by @entity991 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['A tumor']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['bloody diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity18032 :: ('MESH:D004719', 'Disease') :: ['endomyocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity18032 :: (MESH:D004719,Disease) :: ['endomyocardial fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose. Guideline consistency in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) remains low (29% in the Pan European Emesis Registry study) and very low (11%) in regimens with a high emetogenic risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the guideline consistency of CINV prophylaxis for acute emesis in daily clinical practice in Italy. Methods. This was a prospective, observational, multicenter study. @entity1 scheduled to receive antitumor treatment on a single prespecified day were included. Data on @entity1 characteristics (demographic and clinical), type of anticancer therapy, and type of antiemetic therapy prescribed for acute emesis were collected on electronic data capture forms. Chemotherapy regimens and antiemetic prophylaxis were categorized according to the MASCC 2011 guidelines. The study was approved by the local ethics committees. Results. From July 2013 to February 2014, a total of 502 @entity1 were enrolled at 26 study sites. Median age was 62 years (range 27-87 years). @entity14 and @entity0 were the most common @entity5 . The emetogenic potential of the chemotherapy regimens used was high (HEC) (23.7%), moderate ( @entity17469 ) (40.6%), low (31.3%) or minimal (4.4%). Overall, guideline consistency was 19.3%. Consistency reached 45% when the various 5HT3 receptor antagonists were considered equivalent and interchangeable in @entity17469 regimens. Adherence to guidelines was lowest for @entity17469 and Minimal risk groups. Ten percent of @entity1 in HEC and @entity17469 regimens did not receive any 5HT3 receptor antagonists. @entity9766 antagonists were used in 8% of all regimens. Conclusions. Our study indicates that antiemetic guideline inconsistency remains an issue in daily clinical oncology practice in Italy.

title: Chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 in Italian XXXX centers: results of CINVDAY, a prospective, multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A common treatment of low-grade cartilaginous lesions of bone is intralesional curettage with local adjuvant therapy. Because of the wide variety of different diagnoses and treatments, there is still a lack of knowledge about the effectiveness of the use of @entity3971 as local adjuvant therapy in @entity1 with @entity511 of a long bone. METHODS: A retrospective study was done to assess the clinical and oncological outcomes after intralesional curettage, application of @entity3971 and @entity1068 , and bone-grafting in eighty-five @entity1 treated between 1994 and 2005. Inclusion criteria were histologically proven grade-I central @entity75 in a long bone. The average age at surgery was 47.5 years (range, 15.6 to 72.3 years). The average duration of follow-up was 6.8 years (range, 0.2 to 14.1 years). @entity1 were evaluated periodically with conventional radiographs and @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-MRI) scans. When a lesion was suspected on the basis of the MRI, the @entity1 underwent repeat intervention. Depending on the size of the recurrent lesion, biopsy followed by radiofrequency ablation (for lesions of <10 mm) or repeat curettage (for those of >= 10 mm) was performed. RESULTS: Of the eighty-five @entity1 , eleven underwent repeat surgery because a lesion was suspected on the basis of the Gd-MRI studies during follow-up. Of these eleven, five had a histologically proven local recurrence (a recurrence rate of 5.9% [95% confidence interval, 0.9% to 10.9%]), and all were grade-I @entity511 . General complications consisted of one superficial infection, and two @entity3330 within six weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective case series without controls has limitations, but the use of @entity3971 as an adjuvant after intralesional curettage of low-grade @entity511 of a long bone was safe and effective, with a recurrence rate of <6% at a mean of 6.8 years after treatment.

title: Low-grade chondrosarcoma of long bones treated with intralesional curettage followed by application of @entity3971 , XXXX , and bone-grafting.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas', 'grade-I central chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma and location of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: A rapid, specific, and sensitive procedure for determining residues of 4 widely used @entity803 antibiotics and 3 of their 4-epimers in cheese is presented. The method is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ). After dispersing samples of mozzarella, asiago, parmigiano, gruyere, emmenthal, and camembert on sand, target compounds were eluted from the MSPD column by passing through it 6 mL water heated at 70 degrees C. After acidification and filtration, 200 microL of the aqueous extract was directly injected into the LC column. For analyte identification and quantification, @entity15 data acquisition was performed in the multireaction monitoring mode, selecting 2 precursor ion-to-product ion transitions for each target compound. Hot water appeared to be an efficient extractant, because absolute recoveries were no lower than 78%. Using @entity3487 as a surrogate analyte, recoveries of analyte added to the 6 types of cheeses at the 30 ng/g level were 96-117%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) not higher than 9%. Statistical analysis of the mean recovery data showed that the extraction efficiency was not dependent on the type of cheese analyzed. This result indicates that this method could be applied to other cheese types not considered here. At the lowest concentration considered, i.e., 10 ng/g, the accuracy of the method ranged between 90 and 107%, with @entity6865 not larger than 12%. Based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 10, limits of quantitation were estimated to be 1-2 ng/g.

title: A rapid method based on hot water extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for analyzing XXXX antibiotic residues in cheese.

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity3487 :: ('MESH:D003707', 'Chemical') :: ['demeclocycline']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['tetracycline']


abstract: The genetic analysis of @entity1082 ) functions during the vegetative viral life cycle is dependent upon the ability to generate @entity1 keratinocyte cell lines which maintain episomal copies of transfected viral genomes. We have previously demonstrated that lipofection of normal @entity1 foreskin keratinocytes with recircularized cloned HPV-31 genomic sequences resulted in a high frequency of cell lines which maintained viral genomes as extrachromosomal elements (M.G. Frattini, H. Lim, and L.A. Laimins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:3062-3067, 1996). Following the growth of these cell lines in organotypic (raft) cultures, the differentiation-dependent expression of viral late genes, the amplification of viral genomes, and virion biosynthesis were observed. In the present study, we demonstrate that these methodologies are not restricted to HPV-31 but are applicable to other HPV types, including the oncogenic HPV-18. HPV-18 genomes were purified from bacterial vector sequences, religated, and transfected into normal @entity1 foreskin keratinocytes together with a @entity5154 -selectable marker. Following drug selection, resistant cells were expanded and examined for the state of the viral DNA. All cell lines examined were found to contain approximately 100 to 200 episomal copies of HPV-18 DNA per cell. Growth of these cell lines in raft cultures resulted in the differentiation-dependent expression of the E1 [symbol: see text] @entity59467 capsid genes. In addition, viral genome amplification was observed in suprabasal cells following DNA in situ hybridization analysis of differentiated raft cultures. The induction of these late viral functions has previously been shown to be directly associated with differentiation-dependent virion biosynthesis. Our studies indicate the ability to perform a detailed genetic analysis of the various phases of the viral life cycle, including control of the differentiation-dependent late viral functions, using a second oncogenic HPV type.

title: Induction of XXXX type 18 late gene expression and genomic amplification in organotypic cultures from transfected DNA templates.

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stimulation of the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) has @entity158 in @entity1 and inflammatory nociception in animals. Here we studied S2 stimulation-induced antinociception and its underlying mechanisms in an experimental animal model of @entity16 induced by @entity129 ( @entity129 ). Effect of S2 stimulation on heat-evoked limb withdrawal latency was assessed in lightly anesthetized @entity35 that were divided into three groups based on prior surgery and monofilament testing before induction of anesthesia: i) Sham operated group, ii-iii) (mechanically) hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive @entity129 groups. In a group of hypersensitive @entity129 animals, a @entity1873 agonist was microinjected into the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM) to assess whether autoinhibition of serotonergic cell bodies blocks antinociception. Additionally, effect of S2 stimulation on pronociceptive ON-cells and antinociceptive OFF-cells in the RVM or nociceptive spinal wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons were assessed in anesthetized hypersensitive @entity129 animals. S2 stimulation induced antinociception in hypersensitive but not in non-hypersensitive @entity129 or sham-operated animals. Antinociception was prevented by a @entity1873 agonist in the RVM. Antinociception was associated with decreased duration of heat-evoked response in RVM ON-cells. In spinal WDR neurons, heat-evoked discharge was delayed by S2 stimulation, and this antinociceptive effect was prevented by blocking spinal @entity1873 receptors. The results indicate that S2 stimulation suppresses nociception in @entity129 animals if @entity129 is associated with tactile @entity1931 -like @entity56 . In hypersensitive @entity129 animals, S2 stimulation induces antinociception mediated by medullospinal serotonergic pathways acting on the spinal @entity1873 , and partly through reduction of the RVM ON-cell discharge.

title: Descending antinociception induced by secondary somatosensory cortex stimulation in experimental XXXX : role of the medullospinal serotonergic pathway.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['SNL', 'spinal nerve ligation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated pain']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathy']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanisms of intestinal @entity904 (ROL) and carotenoid transport. When differentiated Caco-2 cells were incubated with ROL for varying times, cellular ROL plateaued within 2 h, whereas @entity15994 (RE) formation increased continuously. ROL and RE efflux into basolateral medium (BM) increased linearly with time, ROL in the nonlipoprotein fraction and REs in chylomicrons (CMs). In contrast to carotenoids, ROL uptake was proportional to ROL concentration (0.5-110 microM). ROL efflux into BM occurred via two processes: a) a saturable process at low concentrations (<10 microM) and b) a nonsaturable process at higher concentrations. When ROL-loaded cells were maintained on @entity554 -free medium, free ROL, but not REs, was secreted into BM. @entity5217 significantly reduced ROL efflux but not ROL uptake. Inhibition of @entity21123 protein expression by small interfering RNAs decreased ROL efflux but not carotenoid efflux. @entity22579 ( @entity22579 ) inhibition did not affect ROL transport but decreased carotenoid uptake. The present data suggest that a) ROL enters intestinal cells by diffusion, b) ROL efflux is partly facilitated, probably by the basolateral transporter @entity21123 , and c) newly synthesized REs, but not preformed @entity14743 , are incorporated into CM and secreted. In contrast to ROL transport, carotenoid uptake is mediated by the apical transporter @entity22579 , and carotenoid efflux occurs exclusively via their secretion in CM.

title: Mechanisms of provitamin A (carotenoid) and XXXX ( @entity904 ) transport into and out of intestinal Caco-2 cells.

entities_list: @entity15994 :: ('CHEBI:16179', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl ester']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glyburide']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

entities_list: @entity22579 :: ('949', 'Gene') :: ['SR-BI', 'Scavenger receptor class B type I']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['vitamin A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared to the extensive research on the effects of @entity167 intake on physical health, little research has been done on the effects of @entity167 use/nonuse patterns on @entity146 in late life. This study examined associations between @entity146 and @entity167 use/nonuse patterns among individuals aged 65+ years. METHODS: Data came from the public use files of the 2008 to 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. @entity167 use/nonuse groups were lifetime abstainers, ex-drinkers, bingers, and nonbingers. Mental health problems were lifetime @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity148 , past-year @entity308 and @entity148 , and past-year serious suicidal ideation. To minimize selection biases resulting from a complex array of covariates, we implemented a generalized boosted model to generate propensity score weights on covariates. Then we employed logistic regression models with mental health outcomes as the dependent variables. RESULTS: The four @entity167 use/nonuse groups did not differ in past-year @entity308 . However, odds ratios show that, relative to non-binge drinking, lifetime abstention decreased the odds of lifetime @entity308 by more than 60% (OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.23-0.68, p=.001) and the odds of lifetime @entity148 by almost half (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.38-0.79, p=.002). Ex-drinkers were more likely than nonbingers to report past-year serious suicidal thoughts (OR=2.29, 95% CI=1.45-3.62, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: While lifetime abstainers had significantly better lifetime mental health histories than nonbingers, ex-drinkers had worse past-year mental health status. Since lifetime abstainers and ex-drinkers have significantly different characteristics, researchers should distinguish between these groups.

title: Associations of lifetime abstention and past and current XXXX use with late-life mental health: A propensity score analysis.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depressive episode', 'MDE']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main cause of @entity204 in @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis are cardiovascular events. We have analyzed the association between intradialysis fractional clearance of @entity1133 or Kt/V index in @entity1 with @entity177 in hemodialysis as an indicator of adequate dialysis and the classical factors of cardiovascular risk. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 47 @entity1 with @entity177 on hemodialysis were included. @entity6 was considered an exclusion criteria. Optimization of dialysis was analyzed by Kt/v index in accordance with the Daugirdas formula. The cardiovascular risk factors evaluated were: insulin resistance, calculated according to the HOMA method, total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 , arterial @entity101 , @entity28 and @entity209 . The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and Kt/V index was analyzed with the variant and multivariant analysis. RESULTS: The HOMA median (interquartile range) of the @entity1 was 1.16 (0.53-5.77). HOMA was correlated with @entity1674 and HDL- @entity165 levels. HOMA was significantly greater in those who had less adapted dialysis (Kt/V < 1.4) (1.9 +/- 1.3 vs 1.0 +/- 0.3, p = 0.02). Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between HOMA and Kt/V. The multivariant analysis of the factors associated to HOMA demonstrated that the only associated parameters were Kt/V greater than 1.4, body mass index and age. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity177 , adapted dialysis, determined by the Kt/V index, correlated negatively with insulin resistance. Based on these data, we suggest the need for longitudinal studies that consider this index as a predictive variable of cardiovascular events in this type of @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX and insulin resistance: effect of the dialysis dose].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus about the possible relation between in-hospital mortality in surgery for @entity356 and the hospital annual volume of interventions. The objectives were to identify factors associated to greater in-hospital mortality for surgery in @entity356 and to analyze the possible independent relation between hospital annual volume and in-hospital mortality. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all @entity1 discharged after surgery for @entity5 during 2001-2002 in four regions of Spain using the Minimum Basic Data Set for Hospital Discharges. The overall and specific in-hospital mortality rates were estimated according to @entity1 and hospital characteristics. We adjusted a logistic regression model in order to calculate the in-hospital mortality according to hospital volume. RESULTS: There were 3241 discharges in 144 hospitals. In-hospital mortality was 10.3% (95% CI 9.3-11.4). A statistically significant relation was observed among age, type of admission, volume, and mortality, as well as diverse secondary diagnoses or the type of intervention. Hospital annual volume was associated to Charlson score, type of admission, region, length of stay and number of secondary diagnoses registered at discharge. In the adjusted model, increased age and urgent admission were associated to increased in-hospital mortality. Likewise, partial gastrectomy (Billroth I and II) and simple excision of lymphatic structure were associated with a lower probability of in-hospital mortality. No independent association was found between hospital volume and in-hospital mortality CONCLUSION: Despite the limitations of our study, our results corroborate the existence of @entity1 , clinical, and intervention factors associated to greater hospital mortality, although we found no clear association between the volume of cases treated at a centre and hospital mortality.

title: In-hospital mortality after XXXX surgery in Spain and relationship with hospital volume of interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stomach cancer']


abstract: A longitudinal, prospectively gathered data base of spine @entity130 has been developed. A review of 508 consecutive hospital admissions identified the presence of @entity1317 in 240 (47%) individuals, most frequently involving head (26%), chest (24%), or long bones (23%). Twenty-two per cent had one associated injury, 15% had two, and 10% had three or more. Most spine @entity174 involved the lower cervical (29%) or thoracolumbar junction (21%). Comparisons of presence or absence of @entity1317 and spine @entity174 level showed significant differences (p less than 0.001). Eighty-two per cent of thoracic @entity174 and 72% of lumbar @entity174 had @entity1317 compared to 28% of lower cervical spine @entity174 . While there was no significant relationship between type of associated injury and spine @entity174 level, those with @entity1317 were less likely to have a @entity51 (p less than 0.05). After hospital admission, there were seven deaths. Early assessment and transport of spine @entity130 victims must be carried out with appropriate management of @entity1317 . Conversely, multiple @entity130 victims must be handled with due regard for a possible spine @entity174 . The value of spinal units with specially trained personnel is emphasized.

title: Spine @entity130 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['associated injuries']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neural deficit']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['associated injuries']


abstract: The transcription of the luminescence (lux) system of @entity7866 is regulated by the LuxR protein and an autoinducer. We previously showed that apart from these regulatory elements, the transcription of the lux system is negatively controlled by the LexA protein and positively controlled by the HtpR protein (sigma 32). This study was conducted in order to elucidate the mode of action of the HtpR protein. Using luxR-lacZ fused genes, we showed that the HtpR protein is essential for the maximum expression of beta-galactosidase activity in @entity526 lac mutant cells. Using this construct, we also demonstrated that luxR is preferentially expressed toward the end of the logarithmic phase of growth. Starvation and addition of @entity1068 significantly advanced the appearance of beta-galactosidase activity in htpR+ cells. The luminescence system of @entity526 htpR+ cells harboring the pChv1 plasmid with a deletion in the luxI gene is induced in the presence of low and constant concentrations (150 pg/ml) of the inducer only at a late stage of the logarithmic phase of growth. When the cellular LuxR content is reduced, following 23 generations of exponential growth in Luria broth, a mid-log-phase culture does not respond to the inducer (150 pg/ml). On the basis of the above observations we suggest that the HtpR protein controls the formation of @entity7866 LuxR protein. Preliminary findings indicate that the HtpR protein acts through the chaperonins GroESL. @entity526 htpR/pChv1 cells retained their full level of in vivo and in vitro luciferase activities in the presence of multiple copies of groESL genes. The possibility that GroESL proteins stabilize the native form of LuxR protein is discussed.

title: Formation of the LuxR protein in the XXXX lux system is controlled by HtpR through the GroESL proteins.

entities_list: @entity7866 :: ('668', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio fischeri', 'V. fischeri']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity7866 :: (668,Species) :: ['Vibrio fischeri']


abstract: PURPOSE: A residential rehabilitation program of the Bethel Institute in Germany for approximately three years is offered to young adults with @entity302 and mild @entity717 . @entity1 aim at @entity302 improvements and want to gain more independence. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the program and their stability over the course of time. METHOD: Ninety-seven clients completed the program between 1999 and 2011. Data with repeated measurements (T1=four weeks after admission, T2=discharge, T3=at least two years after discharge) were only available for 51 of them. Outcome variables were @entity410 frequency, carer-ratings on their clients' success, assistance needs after the program (supported housing vs. long-term residential care) and client-ratings on activities of daily living, problems at work, on health-related and on global quality of life (QOL), on life satisfaction and on @entity308 and @entity458 . RESULTS: @entity410 frequency was significantly reduced, more than half of the clients moved to supported housing. Clients reported improvements in activities of daily living and some aspects of their QOL. These improvements remained constant over at least two years. Baseline data scarcely correlated with outcome measures. Analyses of subgroups demonstrated that changes of client-ratings correspond to changes of external parameters such as @entity410 frequency and professional assistance. CONCLUSION: Improvements with regard to more independent living, a better @entity410 control and more favorable self-ratings remained stable over the following years. From a social-welfare point of view, it is especially important that about half of the clients moved to supported housing after the program.

title: Rehabilitation for young adults with @entity302 and mild XXXX : Results of a prospective study with repeated measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disabilities']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of @entity384 for 'X-ray'-free ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). From January 2012 to December 2012, @entity1 underwent 'X-ray'-free ultrasound-guided PCNL with Amplatz dilator (Group A). From January 2013 to April 2014, @entity1 underwent 'X-ray'-free ultrasound-guided PCNL with balloon dilator (Group B). For @entity384 , a 10F fascial dilator was used to dilate the tract. Subsequently, the 6F @entity661 (8  mm in diameter) was indwelled along the guidewire with a marked length equal to the dilation depth. Under the monitoring of ultrasound, the location of balloon was secured and disappearance of balloon waist was confirmed when the balloon was inflated at a pressure of 20  atm. A total of 163 @entity1 were involved in this study. Of 81 procedures in Group A, 45 procedures were performed by a senior urologist while 36 procedures by a resident. Of 82 @entity1 in Group B, 47 procedures were performed by the same senior urologist while 35 procedures by another resident. For the senior urologist, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in calyx of entry, stone-free rate, decline of hemoglobin and hematocrit, operation time and hospitalization. But for the residents, there was less decline of hemoglobin and hematocrit, tract development time and hospitalization in Group B compared to Group A (0.6 vs. 1.7  g/dl, p  =  0.001; 2.3% vs. 5.5%, p  =  0.003; 10.1 vs. 11.0  min, p  =  0.027; 7.8 vs. 13.9  days, p  <  0.001). Balloon dilation method introduced in this study is compensable for tract development when 'X-ray'-free ultrasound-guided PCNL is performed. Modified techniques make totally ultrasound guidance for PCNL feasible, easy and safe. In addition, such a procedure is preferable for initial operators because of less @entity548 complication.

title: 'X-ray'-free XXXX for totally ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['nephrostomy balloon']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilation']


abstract: We evaluated the efficiency of @entity968 at low dosage for the treatment of chronic @entity1142 . A prospective, randomized, double blind study was performed in 34 @entity1 (32 female, 2 male) with the following inclusion criteria: age between 20-60 years, history of more than 5 years of @entity1142 and no lower endoscopic findings of infections or @entity5 . The solution was administered in a fasting state at the rate of 0.5 liters daily during 8 days. @entity1 were divided in 2 groups. Group 1 received placebo during the first week and @entity970 during the 2nd. week. Group 2 received @entity970 solution during the first week and placebo during the 2nd. A mean of 5.53 bowel movements was observed after placebo and 12.13 after @entity970 in group 1 (p < 0.005). A mean of 13.56 bowel movements were observed in group 2 after @entity970 and 7.73 after placebo (p < 0.001). Decreased consistency of the stools was seen after @entity970 in both groups (p < 0.001). According to our findings, low doses of @entity970 were useful and safe in the treatment of @entity1142 , with few side effects.

title: [Evaluation and use of @entity968 in constipated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the sonographic features of decidualized @entity46 in @entity1 treated at a single institution and to determine whether sonographic findings can distinguish these lesions from malignant @entity43 during pregnancy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included pregnant @entity1 with a histologic diagnosis of decidualized @entity46 between January 1, 2005, and December 1, 2012, and had an @entity42 or mass seen preoperatively on obstetrical sonography. Sonographic characteristics of these masses were retrospectively evaluated using the International @entity43 Analysis Group definitions for @entity4134 . RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 with 22 @entity4134 were included in our study. Nine of 22 lesions (41%) were classified as unilocular solid, and 14 of 22 (64%) had solid components, of which 12 of 14 (86%) had substantial blood flow. Septations were present in 8 of 22 masses (36%). Cyst sizes varied from 30 to 120 and 32 to 270 mm at the initial and follow-up scans, respectively. Eight @entity1 had no follow-up scans and underwent surgery within 3 weeks of diagnosis. The other 9 @entity1 (14 masses), had follow-up scans and underwent surgery from 3 to 34 weeks after their initial scans. Eight of these masses showed no notable change in size or appearance, and 1 became smaller. CONCLUSIONS: There were no characteristic sonographic features identified to distinguish decidualized @entity46 from @entity43 . However, lesions showing no change in size over 4 weeks or lacking solid components and vascularity are more likely to be benign rather than malignant and may justify delaying surgery until delivery or postpartum.

title: Decidualized @entity46 masquerading as XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian Tumor', 'ovarian tumors', 'ovarian malignancy']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas', 'endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The mechanisms by which elevated plasma nonesterified @entity844 ( @entity3691 ) levels induce skeletal muscle insulin resistance remain unclear. A @entity3691 -induced defect in the activation of @entity10241 , which plays a key role in insulin's stimulation of @entity413 transport, has been invoked. We sought to examine the effects of elevated plasma @entity3691 (approximately 1 mmol/liter) on muscle @entity10241 activity, @entity10175 (important for activation of @entity10241 ), and @entity584 , which is downstream of @entity10241 and activated by phosphorylation on @entity563 and @entity1889 in a @entity10241 -dependent manner. Ten normal @entity1 [age, 37 +/- 9 yr (mean +/- SD); body mass index, 25.2 +/- 3.8 kg/m(2)] underwent two 5-h hyperinsulinemic (80 mU/m(2) x min) euglycemic clamps with basal and end of clamp biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle. Plasma NEFAs were increased in one study by infusion of 20% Intralipid (1 ml/min) and heparin (900 U/h) throughout and for 2.5 h beforehand. Skeletal muscle protein levels were quantified by Western blotting. Elevated plasma @entity3691 reduced whole-body insulin-stimulated @entity413 disposal by 24% (42.1 +/- 4.0 vs. 54.8 +/- 3.6 micromol/kg x min; P < 0.001). Basal muscle @entity10175 was the same in the two studies. @entity10175 levels decreased by 40% in the control @entity413 clamps (P < 0.005), but did not change during the Intralipid study. Total @entity669 phosphorylated @entity10175 increased by 29% during the control clamps (P < 0.05), but by only 18% (NS) during the Intralipid studies. Total levels of p85alpha subunit of @entity10241 and @entity584 were not influenced by plasma @entity3691 levels either in the basal state or during the @entity413 clamps. The insulin-induced increase in @entity10175 -associated @entity10241 activity was impaired by elevated @entity3691 , so that activity at the end of the clamps with Intralipid was 35% lower than in the control clamps (P < 0.05). The percentage reduction in @entity10241 activation correlated with the reduction in insulin-stimulated @entity413 disappearance rate that was induced by elevated @entity3691 (r = 0.70; P < 0.05). Basal P-ser- and P-thr- @entity584 levels were very low and unaffected by @entity3691 levels. The @entity413 clamps resulted in a marked increase in P-ser and P-thr @entity584 levels. Despite the decrease in @entity10241 in the Intralipid study, no defect in @entity584 phosphorylation was found. In summary, @entity3691 -induced insulin resistance is associated with an impairment of @entity10175 @entity669 phosphorylation and @entity10175 -associated @entity10241 activation. Down-regulation of @entity10175 levels is also impaired. The @entity3691 -induced defect in muscle @entity413 uptake appears to be a consequence of a defect in the insulin-signaling pathway leading to impaired @entity10241 activation. This in turn may lead to impaired @entity413 transport through an @entity584 -independent pathway because @entity584 phosphorylation was unaffected by elevated @entity3691 levels.

title: XXXX -induced insulin resistance: decreased muscle @entity10241 activation but unchanged @entity584 phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity10175 :: ('3667', 'Gene') :: ['IRS-1', 'insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['Fatty acid']


abstract: Metallothioneins (MTs) are small @entity462 -rich proteins found widely throughout the @entity1 body, including the CNS. @entity37866 protect against reactive @entity26 species and free radicals. We investigated the role of @entity37866 using @entity28650 ,-2 knockout (KO) @entity19 . @entity28650 ,-2 KO @entity19 exhibited greater @entity528 after permanent @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) than wild-type @entity19 . @entity27943 mRNA was significantly increased at 6, 12, and 24 h after @entity2500 in the wild-type @entity19 brain [as detected by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)], while @entity28649 were decreased at 12 and 24 h. In an immunohistochemical study, MT expression displayed colocalization with @entity9327 ( @entity9327 )-positive cells (astrocytes) in the penumbra area in wild-type @entity19 . Since @entity14190 ( @entity14190 ) has been reported to induce @entity37866 gene expression in vitro, we examined its effect after permanent @entity2500 , and explored the possible underlying mechanism by examining @entity37866 induction in vivo. In wild-type @entity19 , @entity14190 significantly reduced both @entity1188 area and volume at 24 h after the ischemic insult. However, in @entity28650 ,-2 KO @entity19 @entity14190 -treatment did not alter @entity1188 volume (vs. vehicle-treatment). In wild-type @entity19 at 6 h after @entity14190 administration, real-time RT-PCR revealed increased @entity37866 mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex (without @entity2500 ). Further, @entity37866 immunoreactivity was increased in the cortex of @entity14190 -treated @entity19 . These findings indicate that MTs are induced, and may be neuroprotective against @entity528 , after @entity2500 . Furthermore, @entity14190 is neuroprotective in vivo during permanent @entity2500 , and this may be at least partly mediated by MTs.

title: Neuroprotective effect of @entity14190 , and role of XXXX , in permanent focal cerebral ischemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity37866 :: (17748;17750,Gene) :: ['metallothionein-1 and -2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with severe @entity191 experience motor fluctuations, which are often difficult to control. Accurate mapping of such motor fluctuations could help improve @entity1 ' treatment. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to focus on developing and validating an automatic detector of motor fluctuations. The device is small, wearable, and detects the motor phase while the @entity1 walk in their daily activities. METHODS: Algorithms for detection of motor fluctuations were developed on the basis of experimental data from 20 @entity1 who were asked to wear the detector while performing different daily life activities, both in controlled (laboratory) and noncontrolled environments. @entity1 with motor fluctuations completed the experimental protocol twice: (1) once in the ON, and (2) once in the OFF phase. The validity of the algorithms was tested on 15 different @entity1 who were asked to wear the detector for several hours while performing daily activities in their habitual environments. In order to assess the validity of detector measurements, the results of the algorithms were compared with data collected by trained observers who were accompanying the @entity1 all the time. RESULTS: The motor fluctuation detector showed a mean sensitivity of 0.96 (median 1; interquartile range, IQR, 0.93-1) and specificity of 0.94 (median 0.96; IQR, 0.90-1). CONCLUSIONS: ON/OFF motor fluctuations in @entity191 @entity1 can be detected with a single sensor, which can be worn in everyday life.

title: Validation of a portable device for mapping motor and gait disturbances in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Results of recent studies have led investigators to suggest that the @entity995 -suppressor (rb) gene plays an underappreciated role in the genesis of @entity1313 . @entity5 cause significant rates of mortality in @entity1 suffering from @entity995 . It has been assumed that the pineal gland, which is ontogenetically related to the retina, accounts for the intracranial origin of these @entity5 . To address this issue, the authors describe an unusual @entity995 variant. The authors provide a detailed clinicopathological correlation by describing the case of a @entity1 with @entity995 who died of a @entity2946 . The intraocular and @entity1313 were characterized by performing detailed imaging, histopathological, and postmortem studies. Karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to define the chromosomal defect carried by the @entity1 and members of her family. An insertion of the q12.3q21.3 segment of chromosome 13 into chromosome 18 at band q23 was identified in members of the @entity1 's family. This translocation was unbalanced in the proband. The intraocular and @entity17692 were found to be separate primary @entity5 . Furthermore, the pineal gland was normal and @entity17692 arose within the vermis as a @entity2946 . Finally, the two @entity5 had different and characteristically identifiable cytolological and immunohistochemical profiles. The findings of the present study, taken together with those of recent molecular and transgenic studies, support the emerging concept that rb inactivation is not restricted to central nervous system regions of photoreceptor lineage and that inactivation of this @entity5 suppressor pathway may be relevant to the determination of etiological factors leading to @entity2946 in @entity1 .

title: @entity995 variant indicative of the relevance of the @entity995 -suppressor pathway to @entity2946 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasms', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'trilateral neoplasms', 'Such tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['the cerebellar neoplasm', 'cerebellar neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary retinoblastoma', 'bilateral retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma tumor', 'trilateral retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin(1-7) is an active component of the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system. Its exact role in renal vascular function is unclear. We therefore studied the effects of angiotensin(1-7) on the renal vasculature in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Isolated small renal arteries were studied in an arteriograph system by constructing concentration-response curves to @entity1808 , without and with angiotensin(1-7). In isolated perfused kidneys, the response of @entity1808 on renal vascular resistance was measured without and with angiotensin(1-7). The influence of angiotensin(1-7) on @entity1808 -induced glomerular afferent and efferent constriction was assessed with intravital microscopy in vivo under anaesthesia. In freely moving @entity35 , we studied the effect of angiotensin(1-7) on @entity1808 -induced @entity8 with an electromagnetic flow probe. RESULTS: Angiotensin(1-7) alone had no effect on the renal vasculature in any of the experiments. In vitro, angiotensin(1-7) antagonized @entity1808 -induced constriction of isolated renal arteries (9.71 +/- 1.21 and 3.20 +/- 0.57%, for control and angiotensin(1-7) pre-treated arteries, respectively; P < 0.0005). In isolated perfused kidneys, angiotensin(1-7) reduced the @entity1808 response (100 +/- 16.6 versus 72.6 +/- 15.6%, P < 0.05) and shifted the @entity1808 dose-response curve rightward (pEC50, 6.69 +/- 0.19 and 6.26 +/- 0.12 for control and angiotensin(1-7) pre-treated kidneys, respectively; P < 0.05). Angiotensin(1-7), however, was devoid of effects on @entity1808 -induced constriction of glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles and on @entity1808 -induced renal blood flow reduction in freely moving @entity35 in vivo. CONCLUSION: Angiotensin(1-7) antagonizes @entity1808 in renal vessels in vitro, but does not appear to have a major function in normal physiological regulation of renal vascular function in vivo.

title: The role of angiotensin(1-7) in renal vasculature of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of renal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'angiotensin-II']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsquamous cell @entity5 and paranasal sinuses are an uncommon and diverse group of @entity5 . Our goal was to define the relative frequency and distribution of these @entity5 , as well as treatment and outcome. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 106 @entity1 with @entity5 and paranasal sinuses treated at our institution between 1966 and 1982. RESULTS: Pathology included: @entity189 (33 @entity1 ); @entity242 (25 @entity1 ); @entity320 (18 @entity1 ); @entity4236 (11 @entity1 ); @entity706 (11 @entity1 ); and anaplastic @entity5 (9 @entity1 ). Most @entity5 arose in the nasal cavity (50%), followed by the antrum (39%), ethmoid sinus (9%), and frontal sinus (2%). Fifty-four percent of all @entity1 were treated with surgery alone. Determinate 5-year and 10-year cure rates were: @entity4236 , 70% and 50%; @entity706 , 45% and 30%; anaplastic, 33% and 25%; salivary, 31% and 18%; @entity242 , 25% and 21%; and @entity320 , 19% and 0%. CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival for @entity1 with @entity5 and paranasal sinuses is poor, particularly with follow-up extended to 10 years. Local recurrence is the major source of treatment failure. We were unable to demonstrate any survival advantage in the group of @entity1 who received surgery and radiotherapy in combination.

title: Nonsquamous cell malignant XXXX of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nonsquamous cell malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity', 'cancer', 'malignant tumors of the nasal cavity', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['salivary type carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) can be dangerous to operators. Understanding the mechanisms of @entity11254 crashes, especially rollovers, can provide important insight to consumers, legislators, and manufacturers on @entity11254 safety and protection of the users. METHODS: From @entity3490 , 2003 to July 31, 2005, all @entity1 with @entity11254 -related injuries presenting to a regional @entity130 center were enrolled in an @entity11254 crash data bank. Data were collected on the @entity1 and the circumstances surrounding each crash. RESULTS: A total of 193 @entity1 were treated during the study period for @entity11254 -related injuries. Among the 190 nonfatally injured @entity1 , almost half (47%) were diagnosed with a @entity542 . In 63% of crashes the @entity11254 rolled over. The direction of the rollover was strongly associated with the type of riding terrain or slope. ATVs traveling on flat or uneven surfaces were strongly associated with @entity712 (odds ratio [OR] = 32.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.6-221.5). ATVs traveling uphill were strongly associated with backward rollovers (OR = 173.6, 95% CI = 27.2-1,497.0). @entity1 had a significantly greater risk compared with adults of @entity712 on flat and uneven surfaces (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.2-17.5) Adults were more likely to be injured in rollover crashes where the @entity11254 was traveling uphill; in all of these cases the vehicle rolled backwards. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that nonrandom, modifiable factors are likely involved. Our data provide unique insight into specific mechanisms of @entity11254 crashes, particularly rollovers, and those involving @entity1 . Findings may be applicable to changes in @entity11254 design and education of users.

title: All-terrain vehicle crash factors and associated injuries in @entity1 presenting to a regional XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right-side rollovers']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Our objective was to identify possible differences in protease inhibitor plasma concentrations between and within three protease inhibitor regimens ( @entity5190 , @entity485 and @entity5195 all in combination with low-dose @entity486 ) and to relate these differences to safety and efficacy. Data originated from pre-defined pharmacokinetic substudies within two randomized 48-week trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of three protease inhibitor regimens. At weeks 4 and 48, plasma was collected and minimum drug plasma concentrations, C(min), were obtained. Out of 656 randomized @entity1 , 283 @entity1 had available C(min) at week 4. @entity5190 , @entity485 and @entity5195 C(min) were high when combined with low-dose @entity486 . No significant difference in the proportion of @entity1 experiencing treatment failure could be found according to the C(min) within any treatment arm. A @entity485 C(min) > 2000 ng/ml was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal grade 3 or 4 adverse events and higher total @entity165 . Overall, there were no changes in C(min) from week 4 to week 48 in @entity1 who remained on therapy. No association between treatment failure and the C(min) could be demonstrated. Associations between high C(min) and @entity137 were identified in the @entity485 arm; therefore, dose reductions may be appropriate in certain @entity1 with C(min) several times above the minimum effective concentration.

title: Pharmacokinetics of two randomized trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of @entity5190 , @entity485 and XXXX in combination with low-dose @entity486 : the MaxCmin1 and 2 trials.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5190 :: ('MESH:D019469', 'Chemical') :: ['indinavir', 'Indinavir']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity5195 :: ('MESH:D061466', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5195 :: (MESH:D061466,Chemical) :: ['lopinavir']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic transanal coloanal anastomosis (modified Parks procedure) in sphincter-preserving surgery for low @entity189 . METHODS: Clinical data of 65 low @entity5 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic modified Parks procedure from March 2009 to April 2012 in our department were reviewed retrospectively. Fecal continence, urination and sexual function were evaluated. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up from 6 to 38 months after operation. @entity834 was found in 2 cases, anastomotic stricture in 3 cases, hepatic metastasis in 1 case. No local recurrence occurred. The ratio of satisfactory defecation function was 61.5% (40/65) in six months, 84.2% (48/57) in 1 year and 88.9% (40/45) in 2 years respectively. @entity1973 was found in 7 @entity1 (10.8%). Among 36 male @entity1 , 7 (19.4%) presented @entity323 and 10 (27.8%) ejaculation dysfunction. Among 29 female @entity1 , sexual life of 19 (65.5%) was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic modified Parks procedure in sphincter-preserving surgery for low @entity5 can increase the ratio of sphincter-preserving, and improve the functional outcomes of defecation, sex and urination.

title: [Application of laparoscopic transanal coloanal anastomosis in sphincter-preserving surgery for low XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Aims. This study aimed to investigate @entity15555 ( @entity42048 ) and @entity57233 ( @entity57234 ) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) risk in a Chinese population, and whether the environment affects the genetic polymorphisms. Methods. This case and control study included 500 @entity1149 @entity1 and 500 age-matched healthy controls. @entity15555 ( @entity42048 ) and @entity57233 ( @entity57234 ) SNPs were genotyped and associated for @entity1149 risk by computing the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval from multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses with adjustment of age. Results. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of @entity15555 ( @entity42048 ) and @entity57233 ( @entity57234 ) was 0.350 (C) and 0.397 (C), respectively. The frequencies of genotype and allele in @entity15555 ( @entity42048 ) and @entity57233 ( @entity57234 ) were not significantly different between the cases and controls, or between either of the subgroups. Conclusion. Although @entity42048 and @entity57234 SNPs are not associated with @entity1149 risk in Chinese population, the results strongly suggest that geographical agents interact with @entity1 genetic polymorphism independent of ethnic background.

title: Association between polymorphisms in @entity15555 and @entity57233 gene and environment and XXXX risk in Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: @entity3307 mutants in the @entity59113 gene encoding the ICP34.5 protein have been demonstrated to have diminished neurovirulence in brain yet replicate as efficiently as parental virus in transformed tissue culture cells. Thus they have been proposed as candidates viruses for @entity1 @entity1313 therapies. Evaluation of their replicative properties and pathogenesis within the nervous system has been limited. As most @entity1 undergoing therapies for @entity1313 are likely to be immunocompromised, it will be important to understand the pathogenesis of these viruses in immunocompromised hosts. To this end, the lateral ventricle of @entity19 was injected with high (2.5 x 10(7) PFU), medium (10(5) PFU), or low dose (10(3) PFU) @entity3307 -1716, which has a deletion in the @entity59113 gene. Ten of 10 @entity19 died within 2-3 days following the high @entity281 . Six of 19 animals with medium @entity281 died within 9 days, and viral antigens were seen in ependymal cells as well as neurons within the brainstem and thalamus. Although only two of 19 animals became moribund 18 days after medium titer viral @entity281 , many neocortical and hippocampal neurons were positive for HSV-1 antigens. However, plaque-purified viral isolates recovered from brain homogenates of these animals demonstrated no increase in pathogenicity. Nine of 20 animals died following low dose @entity281 ; six of these animals, from which tissue was analyzed, all had many HSV antigen-positive neurons in the neocortex and hippocampus. These data imply that if this type of virus is used for @entity1 @entity1313 therapy immunosuppressed @entity1 may suffer from significant viral pathogenesis outside the @entity5 .

title: Toxicity and neuronal infection of a XXXX ICP34.5 mutant in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['titer infection', 'infection']

answer: @entity3307 :: (10298,Species) :: ['HSV-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the case of a @entity1 with bilateral @entity101 @entity989 complicated with @entity2479 who received anti- @entity7 intravitreal injection in one eye and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in the fellow eye. METHODS: A 33-year-old male @entity1 presented with gradual @entity227 in both eyes for the last 5 months. At that time, he was examined by an ophthalmologist and @entity732 due to malignant systematic @entity101 was diagnosed. He was put on antihypertensive treatment but no ophthalmic treatment was undertaken. At presentation, 5 months later, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.1 in the right eye (RE) and 0.9 in the left eye (LE). Fundus examination was compatible with @entity101 @entity989 complicated with @entity2479 . Fluorescein angiography (FFA) revealed @entity63 mainly in the RE and large areas of peripheral @entity2479 and neovascularization with vascular leakage in both eyes. The @entity1 was treated with two anti- @entity7 (ranibizumab) injections with 2 months interval in the RE and PRP laser in the LE. RESULTS: Follow-up examination after 12 months showed mild improvement in BCVA, and FFA documented regression of @entity2479 in both eyes. CONCLUSION: @entity101 can be rarely complicated with @entity2479 . Treatment with PRP can be undertaken. In our case, the use of an intravitreal anti- @entity7 agent seemed to halt its progression satisfactorily.

title: @entity101 Complicated with Retinal Neovascularization: Panretinal Photocoagulation or Intravitreal Anti- XXXX Treatment?

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive retinopathy', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization', 'retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['macular ischemia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive retinopathy']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: Nine pregnant, nonlactating @entity291 were used to monitor liver @entity1674 before and after parturition. Estimates were made of the contribution of depressed feed intake and parturition to plasma @entity3691 concentrations and development of @entity1560 . Liver biopsies and plasma samples were obtained on d 19, 10, 5, 3, and 1 prior to calving and on d 1, 7, 14, and 21 after calving. @entity308 of DMI started on d 2 prior to calving and was 40% of DMI on d 3 prior to @entity308 of feed intake. Elevation of plasma @entity3691 concentrations started prior to @entity308 , on d 5 before parturition. Liver @entity412 infiltration did not occur until the concentration of plasma @entity3691 was maximized on d 1 after calving. This result implicated the acute rise in @entity3691 at calving as a contributing factor to @entity412 accumulation in the liver. The increasing plasma @entity413 and decreasing plasma @entity19412 prior to calving may have reflected metabolic changes toward gluconeogenesis. Liver glycogen decreased 70% during the final 19 d prior to calving. Hepatic @entity412 infiltration (7.7% @entity3918 basis) on d 1 post-partum and duration of @entity308 prepartum were less severe than those observed in previous studies. Frequent liver biopsies did not affect @entity9956 .

title: Peripartum liver XXXX and plasma metabolites in dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'DMI depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity262 juvenile idiopathic @entity625 (sJIA) is commonly considered an @entity8649 . However, sJIA @entity1 may develop @entity146 without @entity32 later in the disease, resembling an autoimmune phenotype similar to other subtypes of JIA. The objective of this study was to determine whether antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ) will develop in @entity1 with sJIA over the course of the disease. FINDINGS: A single center sample of sJIA @entity1 with follow-up of more than one year was obtained. A retrospective chart survey was used to extract demographic and clinical data as well as presence and titers of ANA and @entity309 at diagnosis and during follow-up. 32 @entity1 were included in the study, with a median age of 4.2  years and median follow-up of 6.0  years. 8/32 @entity1 had ANA titers   >=    1:80 at diagnosis, with 22/32 @entity1 showing rising ANA titers with titers   >=    1:80 at last follow-up (p =0.001). 10/32 @entity1 had a positive @entity309 at least once during follow-up, compared to 0/32 at diagnosis (p   =   0.001). In 5/10 @entity1 , positive @entity309 was documented at least twice, more than twelve weeks apart. @entity1 treated with TNF antagonists were not significantly more likely to develop positive ANA titers (p   =   0.425) or positive @entity309 (p   =   0.703). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with sJIA developed increased ANA titers and positive @entity309 over the course of the disease, independent of treatment with TNF antagonists. This might point towards an autoimmune, rather than an autoinflammatory phenotype later in the course of sJIA.

title: Development of positive antinuclear antibodies and @entity309 in @entity262 idiopathic XXXX points toward an autoimmune phenotype later in the disease course.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive arthritis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic']

entities_list: @entity8649 :: ('MESH:D056660', 'Disease') :: ['autoinflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rheumatoid factor']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on the outcome of excimer phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in the management of @entity2372 . METHODS: Analysis was performed on @entity1 undergoing PTK for @entity2372 between January 1996 and December 1999. @entity1 were assessed as to whether the indication for PTK was for visual rehabilitation (visual group) or for ocular surface improvement (nonvisual group). Further data including pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, pre- and postoperative spherical equivalent (SE), and associated or previous ocular pathology were collected. RESULTS: A total of 45 eyes of 33 @entity1 underwent PTK for @entity2372 . In the visual group, there were 33 eyes of 22 @entity1 , and in the nonvisual group 12 eyes of 11 @entity1 . The visual acuity was improved or unchanged in 18/33 eyes (55%) of the visual group, while there was loss of one or more lines of acuity in 15/33 (45%). @entity393 was attributed to other factors in 11/15 eyes. There was a significant myopic shift (P<0.5) from the mean preoperative SE of +1.42 D (SD+/-3.21 D) to the mean postoperative SE of +0.32 (SD+/-3.26 D). Of the eyes in the nonvisual group, 10/12 (83%) had significant improvement of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Excimer PTK is an effective procedure in the management of @entity2372 whether it is performed for visual rehabilitation or for ocular surface improvement to prevent @entity2681 . Concurrent pathology is common and may limit the extent of visual improvement postoperatively. Factors associated with the myopic shift seen in this series may be epithelial remodelling, concurrent ocular pathology, or inaccuracy of preoperative refractive data.

title: Management of XXXX with excimer phototherapeutic keratectomy: visual, refractive, and symptomatic outcome.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of acuity']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['band keratopathy']

answer: @entity2372 :: (MESH:C562399,Disease) :: ['band keratopathy']


abstract: Thyroid hormone biosynthetic defects are rare causes of @entity6750 . Although, initial presentations are usually diffuse @entity5651 and @entity1375 , subsequently they may develop thyroid nodules and or @entity259 . We describe a case of @entity1375 due to dyshormonogenesis whose one of the previously solid nodules degenerates into a large cyst. A 22-year-old male was referred to our clinic for evaluation of enlarging thyroid nodule. @entity1375 was diagnosed in infancy, however due to poor compliance to treatment TSH values were elevated most of the times. When he was fifteen the first nodule was detected which was a solid cold nodule. Fine needle aspiration was in favor of benign follicular nodule. Seven years later we found a large multi nodular thyroid with a predominant large cyst corresponding to the previously detected solid nodule. 21cc straw colored fluid was aspirated. Cytology was reported as benign cystic nodule. The @entity1 underwent thyroidectomy and pathology confirmed a benign @entity8426 . Although underreported @entity14200 may progress to @entity528 . Taking into account the risk of @entity5 and eventually cyst formation, we recommend more frequent evaluation in the face of nodule formation in these @entity1 . Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):958-61.

title: Large @entity8426 in a XXXX with @entity6750 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14200 :: ('MESH:C564766', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dyshormonogenesis']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cyst']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cystic degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity4185 is a problem that is getting more common all around the world. The increase in prevalence of @entity4185 escalates morbidity and mortality rates. About 22% of @entity1 using inhalant have died at their first attempt. Particularly @entity24336 , @entity24335 , or @entity24336 - @entity24335 mixture has highest mortality rates. Sudden sniffing @entity204 , @entity296 , @entity149 , @entity1503 , @entity8 , and hepatocellular @entity137 are the major complications of @entity4185 . Herein we present a @entity1 with @entity734 . At the age of 19, after a stressful life event he had unsuccessfully tried to suicide by inhaling @entity5745 ( @entity5745 , a mixture of @entity24335 and @entity24336 gases). After he realized that he had @entity1833 and felt better during the inhalation, he started to abuse it. He was addicted to @entity5745 for 10 years at the time of admission. Besides being dangerous for the society security, this intense level of @entity5745 inhalation (12 liters a day) not giving any physical harm makes this case interesting.

title: XXXX after a Suicide Attempt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['liquefied petroleum gas', 'LPG']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney toxicity']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['Inhalant abuse', 'inhalant abuse']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death syndrome']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['inhalant use disorder']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['LPG Dependence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Models that predict survival in neonates with @entity1002 and @entity472 may not be applicable to neonates with @entity1002 and @entity1498 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We report 8 @entity1 with severe @entity1498 and @entity1002 . Mean age was 18 days (range 1-48 days), and mean weight was 3.5 kg (range 2.7-4.3 kg). Associated diagnoses included mild @entity472 (4), @entity1757 (2), and @entity1211 (2). All @entity1498 repair as a primary procedure (3 of these had concomitant intracardiac procedures); 7 had subsequent operations. All are alive and well 1.1-6.7 years (mean 3.1 years) after the first surgery. Progressive increases were observed in aortic and mitral diameters, and in left ventricular dimensions, areas, and volumes when the preoperative, earliest postoperative, and most recent echocardiograms were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Despite severe @entity1002 , a two-ventricle repair is possible in selected cases. The prognostic criteria for @entity1002 in @entity472 may not be applicable to @entity1 @entity1498 . Relief of @entity1498 may result in the growth of the very small left ventricle, especially when the aortic root and mitral diameters are satisfactory.

title: Left ventricular growth in selected hypoplastic left ventricles: outcome after repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation', 'coarctation', 'had coarctation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['critical aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypoplasia']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation of aorta']