abstract: Early detection of a @entity5 in @entity354 should permit an effective surgical action if a causal time relation between reflux, @entity2910 and @entity189 exists. In the medical literature on @entity5 of the esophagus associated with @entity354 , it has been reported that they are @entity420 in most instances. @entity957 are seldom mentioned. In a population of @entity1 with five @entity957 and 13 @entity420 associated with reflux, three @entity957 had developed on stage III or on a stenotic @entity2910 and two @entity957 were at the upper limit of a @entity355 . The 13 @entity420 were associated with a @entity355 . No @entity189 was found to be associated with a low grade @entity2910 . During the same time period, 224 @entity1 were operated upon for a serious documented @entity2910 (stage III, stenotic, @entity355 ), including the 18 @entity1 with @entity189 . Five hundred and thirty-four @entity1 were operated upon for a lower grade @entity2910 , with no associated @entity189 and 592 @entity1 were operated upon for @entity189 . The five @entity957 associated with reflux were resected and classified T1 N0. The 13 @entity420 associated with reflux were resected and classified T1 N0 M0 (two @entity1 ), T2 N0 M0 (two), T3 N0 M0 (five), T3 N1 M0 (one @entity1 ), T3 N2 M0 (one) and T3 N3 M0 (two @entity1 ). Four @entity1 with @entity957 were alive after two, six, nine and 15 years. Eight @entity1 with @entity420 were alive after two years (one @entity1 ), three years (two @entity1 ), four years (three), five years (one @entity1 ) and seven years (one). Three @entity189 were diagnosed by routine endoscopy. The mean age of the @entity1 with @entity189 associated with reflux was older than in the general @entity189 series, the relative number of females was higher and the use of @entity167 and @entity286 was not as frequent, but the differences were not significant. In @entity957 , a long history was significant (p less than 0.001); in @entity355 , loss of weight (p less than 0.01), intestinal epithelium (p less than 0.001) and @entity1141 (p less than 0.01) were also significant. In one @entity1 , @entity189 was discovered during the follow-up evaluation of an antireflux procedure for @entity355 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX and @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous and columnar carcinomas', 'squamous carcinomas', 'Squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma of the esophagus', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Reflux esophagitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis of young adults with unknown aetiology, characterised by @entity409 and @entity732 . Ocular involvement occurs in 70% of cases and is characterised by @entity3527 , @entity11657 , @entity432 , and @entity715 leading to @entity1939 despite vigorous treatment. @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) is a vasoconstricting peptide while @entity842 (NO) is a relaxing molecule and both are released by endothelium for blood flow regulation. Homocysteinaemia is a newly defined term connected to the increased risk of atherothrombotic and @entity731 systemic and @entity989 , and its role in the course of @entity195 has not been previously described. The authors aimed to detect serum total @entity1255 (tHcy), @entity2232 , and NO in @entity195 and to assess if tHcy, @entity2232 , and NO are associated with @entity2194 or disease activity. METHODS: 43 consecutive @entity1 with ocular (n = 27) or non-ocular (n = 16) @entity195 (36.95 (SD 9.80) years, 22 male, 21 female) satisfying international criteria, and 25 age and sex matched healthy control subjects (37.88 (8.73) years, 13 male, 12 female) without a history of systemic or @entity49 were included in this study. @entity1 were examined by two ophthalmologists with an interest in @entity195 . Serum tHcy, @entity2232 , and NO concentrations were measured in both groups. Hyperhomocysteinaemia was defined as a tHcy level above the 95th percentile in the control group. @entity1 were divided into active and inactive period by acute phase reactants including alpha(1) antitrypsin, alpha(2) macroglobulin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neutrophil count. RESULTS: The overall mean serum tHcy, @entity2232 , and NO levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity195 than in control subjects (tHcy = 15.83 (4.44) v 7.96 (2.66) ng/ml, p <0.001; @entity2232 = 17.47 (4.33) v 5.74 (2.34) micromol/ml, p <0.001; NO = 37.60 (10.31) v 27.08 (7.76) micromol/l, p <0.001). Serum tHcy, @entity2232 , and NO levels were significantly higher in active @entity1 than in inactive @entity1 and control subjects. In addition, among @entity1 with @entity2194 , the mean tHcy levels were significantly increased and correlated with @entity2232 and NO levels when compared with @entity2788 and control subjects. All acute phase reactant levels were significantly higher in active period than in inactive stage and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated tHcy may be responsible for the endothelial damage in @entity195 and may be an additional risk factor for the development of @entity989 , contributing to the poor visual outcome in these @entity1 . Assessment of tHcy may be important in the investigation and management of @entity1 with @entity195 , especially with @entity2194 .

title: Serum XXXX level is increased and correlated with @entity2232 and @entity842 in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular BD', 'ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular occlusive disease', 'retinal vascular occlusive diseases']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['retinal venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['non-ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['periarteritis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion in both deep venous and retinal circulation']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['periphlebitis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity731 causes functional vasomotor changes as well as well as @entity1856 and @entity850 resulting in mechanical effect. The relation between functional vasomotor changes in carotid arteries and extent of @entity453 is unknown. In our study, the probable relationship between carotid arterial flow velocities and resistance indexes (RI) with the extent of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity1 who do not have significant @entity543 was evaluated. METHODS: One hundred and fourteen @entity1 (74 males, mean age 53+/-10 years, range 33-72 years) were studied. All @entity1 underwent color Doppler sonography before coronary angiography. Peak systolic flow velocity, end-diastolic flow velocity and resistance index (RI) of right and left common carotid and internal carotid and internal carotid arteries were measured by color Doppler sonographic technique. Doppler parameters were correlated with the extent of @entity453 and left ventricular ejection fraction. RESULTS: @entity1 were classified on the basis of presence of significant @entity453 and the number of affected coronary arteries. Thirty-three @entity1 did not have (normal group) and 81 @entity1 had significant @entity3979 (22 @entity1 with one-vessel disease, 27, with two-vessel disease and 32 @entity1 with @entity66 ). Flow velocities were the highest in normal group but the lowest in @entity453 @entity1 , especially when 3 coronary arteries were affected. Correlation analysis demonstrated negative relationship of age, ejection fraction and number of affected coronary arteries with end-diastolic flow velocity, but positive and significant correlation with RI value. CONCLUSION: Our study is the first on this object. The results suggest that presence and extent of @entity453 changes flow velocities and RI values of common and internal carotid arteries. However, further investigations are required before these parameters can be applied as diagnostic criteria.

title: [The relation of @entity453 with Doppler flow velocity and resistance index in cases without significant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['three-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous carotid plaques']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['luminal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid luminal stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that persistent symptoms following functional endoscopic sinus surgery for @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is associated with Gram-negative bacterial carriage. Mechanisms for this remain unknown. We wished to determine whether Gram-negative carriage in @entity1 with @entity102 with @entity1412 is associated with a more severe inflammatory phenomenon. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity102 with @entity1412 (CRSwNP) previously phenotyped for genetic association studies with questionnaire, serum biomarkers, and endoscopically-obtained swab cultures were studied. These were separated according to the presence (wGN) or absence (sGN) of Gram-negative bacterial carriage; demographic parameters and available serum biomarkers (complete blood count [CBC], total immunoglobulin E [IgE]) were then compared. Subgroup analysis for @entity796 (GNwPa) and non- @entity796 Gram-negative bacteria (GNsPs) was performed in order to explore potentially differential roles of these bacteria. RESULTS: Gram-negative bacterial carriage was not associated with a difference in demographic parameters or serum biomarkers. However, @entity796 carriage was associated with a higher self-reported incidence of @entity565 (GNwPa 79%, sGN 57%; p = 0.048). Interestingly, serum IgE was increased in the non- @entity796 Gram-negative population (GNsPs: 338 IU/mL, sGN: 195 IU/mL; p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: CRSwNP @entity1 colonized with Gram-negative bacteria have a similar pattern of @entity32 as assessed by serum biomarkers to those colonized with Gram-positive ones. Gram-negative bacteria may contribute to development of a T helper 2 (Th2) phenotype via other mechanisms, possibly via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated interleukin 33 (IL-33) production. Differences in phenotype associated with @entity796 species carriage suggest a different behavior than other Gram-negative bacteria, supporting their importance as disease modifiers in CRSwNP.

title: Gram-negative bacterial carriage in @entity102 with @entity1412 is not associated with more severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6693 Background: This phase-II-trial investigated the safety and efficacy of a combined modality treatment with @entity3118 (F) and the monoclonal anti- @entity7638 antibody Alemtuzumab (A) in @entity1 (pts) with @entity1072 . Objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility and overall response rate, to assess the response duration and the @entity66 after treatment. METHODS: The FluCam schedule consists of an escalation phase of Alemtuzumab up to 30 mg within 3 days and followed by the FluCam combination therapy. F was administered at a dosage of 30 mg/m2/d (day 1-3) immediately followed by the 2h antibody-infusion (30mg; d1-3) and repeated on day 29 for up to 6 cycles. @entity66 was monitored by 4-colour flow cytometry. RESULTS: A total of 28 pts have been recruited so far. Baseline characteristics of these pts are: median age 60.7 years (range 38-80 years); male gender: 23; Binet stage C: 21; median number of prior regimens 2 (range 1-8) including @entity3118 in 18 pts, Rituximab in 12 pts and Alemtuzumab in 4 pts. In 28/28 pts Overal Response Rate was 86%. The response rate for the first 14 pts was 7 CR, 5 PR, 1 SD, 1 @entity1726 . Assessment of minimal @entity66 showed negativity in 8/14 pts in peripheral blood and was confirmed in bone marrow in 4/8 pts. FFTF is 16.5 months with 2 pts in ongoing remission. Therapy was well tolerated with WHO grade 3/4 @entity1398 in 10/50 evaluable cycles and severe @entity882 in 11/50 cycles. CONCLUSION: The second interim analysis of this phase-II study of the FluCam protocol in pts with @entity1072 suggests that this combination is very effective, feasible and safe. The interim analysis of all 28 pts will be presented. A prospective randomised phase-III-study comparing FluCam with @entity3118 is underway. [Table: see text].

title: Results of a phase II trial of a @entity3118 with concomitant application of alemtuzumab in a four-weekly schedule (FluCam) in XXXX with @entity1072 . 2nd Interim analysis.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed CLL']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have applied tegaful and @entity5537 (UFT) treatment as adjuvant chemotherapy to @entity1 after the completion of primary therapy. UFT was given per os at a dose of 300 or 400 mg/day for more than 1 year. A retrospective study was conducted on 15 @entity1 , assessed as the UFT-treated group, and 24 @entity1 assessed as the UFT-nontreated group. The 5-year survival rate in @entity1 treated or not treated with UFT was 76.6 and 22.6%, respectively. Among those who underwent surgery in combination with other therapy, the 5-year survival rate was 74.1% with UFT and 27.3% without UFT. In @entity1 receiving chemotherapy plus radiotherapy alone, the 5-year survival rate was 80.0% with UFT and 19.2% without UFT. In 23 @entity1 with proven effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy comprising 18 PR cases and 5 CR cases, a comparison was made between 10 @entity1 treated with UFT and 13 @entity1 not treated with UFT. As a result, the 5-year survival was 76.2 and 17.9%, respectively. In the @entity1 with T3 disease, who occupied the majority, the 5-year survival rate was 71.4 and 23.8%, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy with UFT tends to show a substantial significant difference particularly in @entity1 who were successfully treated with radiotherapy plus chemotherapy as the primary treatment. UFT was clearly shown to have a statistically significant effect, despite a small population. The findings of the present investigation point to the value of conducting further study to ascertain the effect of UFT by a randomized trial in a larger population.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy with oral tegaful and XXXX for maxillary sinus carcinoma.

answer: @entity5537 :: (MESH:D014498,Chemical) :: ['uracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity7305 in maintaining remission in @entity1 with @entity134 -sensitive @entity1985 (SSNS) who had a frequent relapsing or @entity134 -dependent course. METHODS: All @entity1 with SSNS who had a frequent relapsing or @entity134 -dependent course and were treated with @entity7305 between 1997 and 2001 at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were reviewed. All @entity1 were treated by the same @entity134 protocol used in our unit. @entity7305 was considered effective if the @entity1 successfully remained in remission on @entity617 0.5 mg/kg/48 hours or less. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were treated with @entity7305 (3 mg/kg/48 hours) with median (range) age of 6 (3.5-10) years. Seven received @entity7305 for more than 6 (6-24) months and 2 were excluded because they did not adhere to treatment. @entity7305 was effective in 4 @entity1 (57%) with remarkable reduction in the number of relapses and the @entity134 maintenance dose. Renal biopsy was performed in 4 @entity1 : 2 responders with biopsy findings of @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) and mesangioproliferative @entity631 and another 2 non responders with biopsy findings of @entity1987 and @entity628 . No significant side effect was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity7305 is effective in maintaining remission in @entity134 SSNS in Arab @entity1 and has few side effects.

title: @entity7305 treatment in XXXX sensitive @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['Levamisole', 'levamisole']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: @entity195 @entity1 with @entity101 or other vascular risk factors have been shown to receive greater symptomatic benefits than @entity1 with strictly @entity195 following short-term treatment with @entity11544 , an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and @entity1390 . We evaluated the long-term efficacy of @entity11544 in @entity195 @entity1 with or without @entity101 . Subjects in a 26-week placebo-controlled trial of @entity11544 entered an open-label extension study for 104 weeks. Efficacy measures included the @entity195 Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale ( @entity11509 -cog), @entity5122 ( @entity5122 ) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Subjects were stratified by the presence or absence of @entity101 at baseline. At 104 weeks, there was a trend for @entity101 @entity1 from the original @entity11544 6-12 mg/day group (early starters), who received @entity11544 for the full 104 weeks) to have better @entity11509 -cog scores than the original placebo group (late starters), who received open-label @entity11544 for the last 78 weeks only). Significant treatment differences were observed in the @entity101 subgroup on the @entity5122 and GDS. In non- @entity101 @entity1 , changes from baseline at week 104 were similar in 'early' and 'late' starters of @entity11544 treatment. The additional apparent benefits on disease progression detected in @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity195 may be linked to drug effects on cerebrovascular factors. These findings may have an important influence on the way cholinesterase inhibitors are prescribed.

title: Potential long-term effects of XXXX on disease progression may be linked to drug effects on vascular changes in Alzheimer brains.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1390 :: ('590', 'Gene') :: ['butyrylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive Deterioration Scale', 'PDS']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity11544 :: (MESH:C072506,Chemical) :: ['rivastigmine']


abstract: Recent meta-analytic evidence suggests that clinical neuropsychological methods are not likely to uncover circumscribed @entity73 in the @entity51 of @entity161 . To overcome this issue, we adapted a @entity73 perspective and used a new "chaining" habit learning task. @entity1 were requested to navigate a cartoon character through a sequence of 4 rooms by learning to choose the open door from 3 colored doors in each room. The aim of the game was to learn the full sequence of rooms until the character reached the outside. In the training phase, each stimulus leading to reward (open door in each room) was trained via feedback until the complete sequence was learned. In the probe phase, the context of rewarded stimuli was manipulated: in a given room, in addition to the correct door of that room, there also appeared a door which was open in another room. Whereas the training phase is dominantly related to basal ganglia circuits, the context-dependent probe phase requires intact medial-temporal lobe functioning. Results revealed that deficit and @entity51 @entity1 were similarly impaired on the probe phase compared with controls. However, the training phase was only compromised in deficit @entity1 . More severe negative symptoms were associated with more errors on the training phase. Executive functions were unrelated to performance on the "chaining" task. These results indicate that the @entity51 is associated with prominently impaired stimulus-response reinforcement learning, which may indicate abnormal functioning of basal ganglia circuits.

title: How to find the way out from four rooms? The learning of "chaining" associations may shed light on the neuropsychology of the XXXX of @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive neuroscience', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit syndrome', 'non-deficit']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['deficit syndrome']


abstract: @entity13263 plays essential dual roles in exocytosis: (i) stabilizing and trafficking the central @entity24332 protein, syntaxin-1 (i.e. chaperoning function), by its domain-1; and (ii) priming/stimulating exocytosis by its domain-3a. Here, we examine whether or not domain-3a also plays a significant role in the chaperoning of syntaxin-1 and, if so, how these dual functions of domain-3a are regulated. We demonstrate that introduction of quintuple mutations ( @entity57725 / @entity57726 / @entity57727 / @entity57728 / @entity57729 ) in domain-3a of @entity13263 abolishes its ability to bind syntaxin-1 and fails to rescue the level and trafficking of syntaxin-1 as well as to restore exocytosis in @entity57730 double knockdown cells. By contrast, a quadruple mutant ( @entity57725 / @entity57726 / @entity57728 / @entity57729 ) sparing the Pro-335 residue retains all of these capabilities. A single point mutant of @entity57727 reduces the ability to bind syntaxin-1 and rescue syntaxin-1 levels. Nonetheless, it surprisingly outperforms the wild type in the rescue of exocytosis. However, when additional mutations in the neighboring residues are combined with @entity57727 mutation ( @entity57725 / @entity57726 / @entity57727 , @entity57727 / @entity57728 / @entity57729 ), the ability of the @entity13263 variants to chaperone syntaxin-1 and to rescue exocytosis is strongly impaired. Our results indicate that residues from @entity57731 -337 of domain-3a are intimately tied to the chaperoning function of @entity13263 . We also propose that Pro-335 plays a pivotal role in regulating the balance between the dual functions of domain-3a. The hinged conformation of the a-helix containing Pro-335 promotes the syntaxin-1 chaperoning function, whereas the @entity57727 mutation promotes its priming function by facilitating the a-helix to adopt an extended conformation.

title: A pivotal role for pro-335 in balancing the dual functions of XXXX domain-3a in regulated exocytosis.

entities_list: @entity57731 :: ('p|SUB|K|332|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys-332 to Tyr']

answer: @entity13263 :: (6812,Gene) :: ['munc18-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the restriction of participation in daily activities of @entity1 with @entity6 using the Impact of Vision Impairment questionnaire. METHODS: Individuals with @entity6 and a visual acuity (VA) worse than 20/40 or 6/12 in the better eye were eligible. @entity1 answered demographic questions and had VA information abstracted from medical records. If VA information was unavailable, it was assessed by an orthoptist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All @entity1 completed the Impact of Vision Impairment questionnaire, which was either self-administered or interviewer administered. The physical and mental health components were assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form (SF-12) questionnaire. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 (mean age, 67.5 years) were recruited, with almost 70% (30/45) recording a VA worse than 20/60 or 6/18 in the better eye. The median duration of @entity1018 was 2.0 years. The highest restriction was reported for the Leisure and Work, Mobility, and Consumer and Social Interaction domains (mean, 3.0, 2.8, and 2.8, respectively), compared with the Emotional Reaction to @entity227 and Household and Personal Care domains (mean, 2.3 and 2.1, respectively) (P<.005). The activities with the greatest restriction of participation were reading print, mobility, work, and leisure. A poorer VA in the better eye correlated independently with increased restriction of participation, as measured by the Impact of Vision Impairment questionnaire scores (partial correlations, 0.29-0.41; P< or =.03). CONCLUSION: @entity4064 rehabilitation services aiming to improve outdoor mobility, print reading, participation in leisure activities, and @entity458 may be an effective strategy to help @entity1 with @entity6 increase their participation in daily activities.

title: The impact of XXXX on participation in daily living.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual Loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the effectiveness of endoluminal exclusion of the false lumen in experimental @entity1514 @entity1580 by occlusion of the entry site with a balloon-expandable endograft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1580 were induced surgically in six beagles. The endograft consisted of an ultrathin, 12-mm-wide polyester tube sutured over a Strecker stent that was already crimped onto an angioplasty balloon. Fluoroscopic and @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) guidance were used. Endografts were introduced by means of femoral arteriotomy, via a 12-F sheath positioned in the aorta, and were then expanded on the angioplasty catheter. RESULTS: @entity5642 and aortography showed an extensive @entity1514 dissection in all animals. Only four of six endografts were successfully placed. At 1 month, all @entity1514 endografts were patent, but the false lumen was never thrombosed. @entity5642 scans demonstrated a malpositioned endograft in two cases and persistent reentry in all cases. CONCLUSION: Endovascular grafting of the aorta was feasible in experimental @entity1514 @entity1580 , but @entity715 of the false lumen was not achieved.

title: Endovascular graft placement in experimental dissection of the XXXX aorta.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVUS', 'intravascular ultrasonographic']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic aortic dissections', 'aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of ultrasonography (US) in the management of thyroid nodules when the cytology is indeterminate as @entity5 on @entity400 ( @entity400 ). METHODS: In 2006, 6586 @entity1 with thyroid nodules, which were detected on US underwent @entity400 in our department. Of these @entity1 , we extracted 438 @entity1 (6.7%) whose nodules were cytologically diagnosed as indeterminate. Of them, 227 @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity5 were enrolled in this study. Surgery was performed according to our criteria for surgical indication. We compared the results of clinical findings including US classification and final histopathological diagnosis. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-seven of 227 underwent surgical treatment. Thirty-three (24%) were diagnosed as @entity5 pathologically. Large nodule or high serum thyroglobulin level were not associated with an increased risk of @entity5 . Ultrasonographic evaluation as @entity5 was directly linked to pathological diagnosis as @entity259 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: US plays a crucial role in deciding whether surgical treatment is necessary for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules as @entity5 .

title: Role of ultrasonography in @entity1 with cytologically follicular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['follicular tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid tumor']


abstract: Mutations in the gene @entity876 , which codifies the @entity5 suppressor protein @entity876 , are found in about 50% of @entity5 . These mutations can occur not only at somatic level, but also in germline. @entity5 @entity1 , mostly with additional family history of @entity5 , should be considered as potential @entity876 germline mutation carriers. Germline @entity876 mutations and polymorphisms have been widely studied to determine their relation with @entity5 ' pathogenesis. Our aim was to analyze the occurrence frequency of germline @entity876 mutations and polymorphisms and to relate these to @entity5 development in a pediatric series. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 26 @entity1 with solid @entity5 [ @entity4913 ] and 21 pediatric healthy donors [HD] were analyzed for germline mutations and polymorphisms in @entity876 gene spanning from exon 5 to 8 including introns 5 and 7. These PCR amplified fragments were sequenced to determine variations. A heterozygous mutation at codon 245 was found in 1/26 @entity4913 and 0/21 HD. Comparative polymorphisms distribution, at position 14181 and 14201(intron 7), between HD and @entity4913 revealed a trend of association (p= 0.07) with @entity5 risk. HD group disclosed a similar polymorphism distribution as published data for Caucasian and Central/South American populations. This is the first study about @entity876 variant frequency and distribution in healthy individuals and @entity5 @entity1 in Argentina.

title: Germline @entity876 mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'different tumors', 'cancer', 'Pediatric cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical indicators for success of @entity396 treatment after early pregnancy failure. METHODS: A total of 473 @entity1 with early pregnancy failure received 800 microg of vaginal @entity396 on treatment day 1. At the follow-up visit on day 3, a second dose was given if expulsion was incomplete. On day 8, vacuum aspiration was offered if expulsion had not occurred. Ultrasonography was used as gold standard for success. A Classification and Regression Tree analysis was undertaken to derive two decision trees for the success of @entity396 treatment on study days 3 and 8. RESULTS: Heavy bleeding after the first dose and an open cervical os were identified as clinical indicators of treatment success on day 3. Treatment success occurred in 84% of @entity1 with either or both indicators. Reporting passage of tissue after a second @entity396 dose and old blood in the vagina were potential indicators of treatment success or failure on day 8. A @entity1 with either of these indicators has a 65% chance of treatment success after the second dose. Conversely, a @entity1 with neither indicator on day 8 has a 94% chance of treatment failure. CONCLUSION: Standard clinical findings may be useful as indicators for success or failure of medical management of early pregnancy failure in settings with limited or no access to ultrasonography. More research to identify even better indicators is warranted.

title: Clinical indicators for success of XXXX treatment after early pregnancy failure.

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ) is the belief about one's mastery of memory functioning. In healthy elderly, memory complaints are related to @entity2414 rather than to objectively measured memory capacity. @entity2414 has scarcely been studied in @entity1 that suffered a @entity64 . The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine whether memory capacity and @entity2414 can predict the presence of memory complaints in @entity64 @entity1 , and (2) to study which variables are the best predictors of @entity2414 . METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 136 @entity64 @entity1 (>18 months after onset) were recruited from April 2008 to November 2009. @entity2414 was measured using the Metamemory in Adulthood questionnaire. @entity308 , coping and personality were measured using validated questionnaires, and memory performance was measured using the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). @entity1 were divided into a 'complaints' and a 'no complaints' group. RESULTS: A lower @entity2414 score was an independent predictor of having memory complaints (adjusted odds ratio: 0.422; p = 0.000), adjusted for age and @entity308 . The RBMT and AVLT scores did not predict the presence of memory complaints (p > 0.263). Presence of memory complaints and @entity308 were the strongest predictors of @entity2414 (B = -1.748, p = 0.000; B = -0.054, p = 0.000), followed by word fluency, not having a partner and side of @entity64 (B = 0.038, p = 0.012; B = -0.517, p = 0.082; B = -0.479, p = 0.088). CONCLUSIONS: Memory complaints are predicted by @entity2414 rather than memory capacity. @entity2414 memory training might be an effective training strategy for reducing memory complaints in selected @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Memory complaints in XXXX @entity1 are predicted by memory self-efficacy rather than memory capacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory self-efficacy', 'MSE']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: Clinical prediction indicators such as the @entity55 severity index (PSI) and CURB-65 score are useful, but they are complex and often not followed. Therefore, biomarkers that improve hospital outcome predictions are emerging. This study evaluated the prognostic value of a new sepsis biomarker, serum @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ) concentrations, in @entity497 ( @entity497 ) @entity1 . We prospectively collected blood samples from emergency department @entity497 @entity1 on days 1 and 7 (post-admission) and analyzed their plasma @entity15002 concentrations. We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 medical records and analyzed correlations between plasma @entity15002 concentrations and clinical parameters and hospital outcomes. A total of 56 @entity497 @entity1 were included in this study; 24 (42.9  %) required intubation and 15 (26.8  %) died. The mean @entity15002 concentrations on days 1 (p   =   0.015) and 7 (p   =   0.002) of hospitalization were significantly lower in the non-survivors. Day 1 @entity15002 concentrations were inversely correlated with the PSI (     =   -269) and CURB-65 scores (     =   -386). For predicting hospital mortality, the day 1 @entity15002 concentration was comparable with the CURB-65 or PSI scores. Day 1 @entity15002 cut-off levels   <29.6   mol/L were associated with hospital @entity497 outcomes, including the need for mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, intensive care unit admission, and hospital mortality. Additionally, day 7 @entity15002 concentrations were correlated with in-hospital mortality. Initial serum @entity15002 concentrations predicted hospital outcomes in @entity497 @entity1 requiring hospitalization. These values were correlated with prognostic markers, such as the PSI and CURB-65 scores. Additionally, follow-up @entity15002 measurements predicted the clinical course of @entity497 @entity1 .

title: XXXX as a prognostic marker in @entity497 requiring hospitalization: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity6579 :: (MESH:D008244,Chemical) :: ['Lysophosphatidylcholine']


abstract: Release of @entity413 by the kidney in postabsorptive normal @entity1 is generally regarded as being wholly due to gluconeogenesis. Although @entity880 is the most important systemic gluconeogenic precursor and there is appreciable net renal @entity880 uptake, renal @entity880 gluconeogenesis has not yet been investigated. The present studies were therefore undertaken to quantitate the contribution of @entity880 to renal gluconeogenesis and the role of the kidney in @entity880 metabolism. We determined systemic and renal @entity880 conversion to @entity413 as well as renal @entity880 net balance, fractional extraction, uptake, and release in 24 postabsorptive @entity1 by use of a combination of isotopic and renal balance techniques. For comparative purposes, accumulated similar data for @entity1160 , @entity493 , and @entity653 are also reported. Systemic @entity880 gluconeogenesis (1.97 +/- 0.12 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was about threefold greater than that from @entity653 , @entity1160 , and @entity493 . The sum of gluconeogenesis from these precursors, uncorrected for @entity6626 ( @entity2974 ) cycle @entity505 exchange, explained 34% of systemic @entity413 release. Renal @entity880 uptake (3.33 +/- 0.28 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) accounted for nearly 30% of its systemic turnover. Renal gluconeogenesis from @entity880 (0.78 +/- 0.10 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was 3.5, 2.5, and 9.6-fold greater than that from @entity653 , @entity1160 , and @entity493 . The sum of renal gluconeogenesis from these precursors equaled approximately 40% of the sum of their systemic gluconeogenesis. When the isotopically determined rates of systemic and renal gluconeogenesis were corrected for @entity2974 cycle @entity505 exchange, gluconeogenesis from these precursors accounted for 43% of systemic @entity413 release and 89% of renal @entity413 release. We conclude that 1) in postabsorptive normal @entity1 , @entity880 is the dominant precursor for both renal and systemic gluconeogenesis; 2) the kidney is an important organ for @entity880 disposal; 3) under these conditions, renal @entity413 release is predominantly, if not exclusively, due to gluconeogenesis; and 4) liver and kidney are similarly important for systemic gluconeogenesis.

title: Renal substrate exchange and gluconeogenesis in normal postabsorptive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Soluble @entity10431 (suPAR) was initially proposed as a pathogenic and predictive biomarker of primary FSGS, but the findings were controversial. This study aimed to clarify the clinical implications of suPAR. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: The study enrolled 109 @entity1 with biopsy-proven primary FSGS who were administered @entity229 between January 2011 and May 2013 and followed up for 6-24 months ( @entity10036 duration of follow-up, 12 months). Ninety-six healthy volunteers, 20 @entity1 with @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ), and 22 @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity10036 ) served as controls. Serum suPAR levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: suPAR levels in @entity1 with FSGS ( @entity10036 , 3512 [interquartile range (IQR), 2232-4231] pg/ml) were significantly higher than in healthy controls ( @entity10036 , 1823 [IQR, 1563-2212] pg/ml; P<0.001), @entity1 with @entity1987 ( @entity10036 , 1678 [IQR, 1476-2182] pg/ml; P<0.001), and @entity1 with @entity10036 ( @entity10036 , 1668 [IQR, 1327-2127] pg/ml; P<0.001). With 3000 pg/ml used as a threshold, suPAR levels were elevated in 48.6% of @entity1 with FSGS, in contrast to 5% of @entity1 with @entity1987 and 4.5% of those with @entity10036 . suPAR levels were independently associated with @entity134 response in @entity1 with FSGS (odds ratio, 85.02; P=0.001). @entity1 who were sensitive to @entity230 had significantly higher suPAR levels than nonsensitive @entity1 ( @entity10036 , 3426 [IQR, 2670-5655] pg/ml versus 2523 [IQR, 1977-3460] pg/ml; P=0.001). A suPAR level of 3400 pg/ml was chosen as the optimal cutoff value for @entity134 response. At the 6-month follow-up in 84 @entity1 with FSGS, suPAR levels were significantly decreased in those with suPAR level >=  3400 pg/ml ( @entity10036 , 4553 [IQR, 3771-6120] pg/ml versus 3149 [IQR, 2278-3953]; P=0.002) but were unchanged in @entity1 with suPAR level <3400 pg/ml ( @entity10036 , 2359 [IQR, 2023-2842] pg/ml versus 2490 [IQR, 1916-3623] pg/ml; P=0.09). CONCLUSIONS: suPAR is specifically elevated in some @entity1 with FSGS, which differs from the finding in @entity1 with @entity1987 and @entity10036 . A suPAR assay may help predict @entity134 response in @entity1 with primary FSGS.

title: Relationship between serum soluble XXXX level and @entity134 responsiveness in FSGS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'minimal-change disease']

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase plasminogen activator receptor']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity10431 :: (5329,Gene) :: ['urokinase plasminogen activator receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback of pelvic floor musculature in the management of @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity25207 . STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-nine @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity25207 were included in this study. Each @entity1 was given a computerized electromyographic assessment of pelvic floor muscles. She was then provided with a portable electromyographic home trainer biofeedback device, and specific instructions were given to perform biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation exercises. The @entity1 received monthly evaluations of the pelvic floor muscles to ensure and motivate compliance and to monitor improvement and symptom changes. @entity1 were evaluated on a monthly basis for @entity2411 and @entity546 . RESULTS: Fifteen of the 29 treated @entity1 (51.7%) demonstrated markedly decreased introital tenderness, and 14 of them (93.3%) were able to resume sexual activity without discomfort. Nine @entity1 (31.0%) demonstrated a significant decrease in introital tenderness and @entity158 , and six of the nine (66.7%) resumed sexual activity. Thus, 20 of the 29 @entity1 (69%) became sexually active. Following completion of treatment, 24 (88.9%) reported negligible or mild @entity158 . Five of the 29 did not show any significant improvement, and none of them were able to resume sexual activity. Within six months of the start of therapy, 90% ultimately resuming sexual activity had done so. CONCLUSION: Electromyographic biofeedback of pelvic floor musculature is an effective approach to @entity25207 .

title: Treating XXXX with electromyographic biofeedback of pelvic floor musculature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity25207 :: ('MESH:D054515', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar vestibulitis', 'vulvar vestibulitis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['vestibulodynia']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity25207 :: (MESH:D054515,Disease) :: ['vulvar vestibulitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid against @entity5125 , @entity6375 , and @entity797 . To determine the @entity137 of oleanolic acid, HEp-2 cells were incubated with oleanolic acid at 37oC. MICs (minimal inhibition concentrations) for @entity5125 , @entity6375 , and @entity797 were determined using two-fold microdilutions of oleanolic acid, and bacterial cell viability was then assessed by exposing the bacteria to oleanolic acid at 2 * MIC. To investigate the mode of antimicrobial action of oleanolic acid, we measured leakage of compounds absorbing at 280 nm, along with propidium iodide uptake. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were also analysed. The viability of HEp-2 cells decreased (P < 0.05) at oleanolic acid concentrations greater than 128  g @entity19264 . The MICs were 16-32  g @entity19264 for @entity5125 and 32-64  g @entity19264 for @entity6375 and @entity797 , and bacterial cell viability decreased (P < 0.05) about 3-4 log CFU @entity19264 after exposure to 2 * MIC of oleanolic acid. Leakage of 280 nm absorbing materials and propidium iodide uptake was higher in oleanolic acid -treated cells than in the control. The cell membrane was damaged in oleanolic acid-treated cells, but the control group had intact cell membrane in SEM images. The results indicate that oleanolic acid can kill @entity5125 , @entity6375 , and @entity797 by destroying the bacterial cell membrane.

title: Antimicrobial Action of Oleanolic Acid on XXXX , @entity6375 , and @entity797 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['E. faecium', 'Enterococcus faecium']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: @entity1274 is associated with gradual degeneration of @entity528 ( @entity528 ), compromising hearing outcomes with cochlear implant use. Combination of neurotrophin delivery to the cochlea and electrical stimulation from a cochlear implant protects @entity528 , prompting research into neurotrophin-eluting polymer electrode coatings. The electrically conducting @entity25213 / @entity58796 containing neurotrophin-3 (Ppy/pTS/NT3) was applied to 1.7 mm2 cochlear implant electrodes. Ppy/pTS/NT3-coated electrode arrays stored 2 ng NT3 and released 0.1 ng/day with electrical stimulation. @entity840 were implanted with Ppy/pTS or Ppy/pTS/NT3 electrode arrays two weeks after deafening via @entity581 . The electrodes of a subgroup of these @entity840 were electrically stimulated for 8 h/day for 2 weeks. There was a loss of @entity528 in the implanted cochleae of @entity840 with Ppy/pTS-coated electrodes indicative of electrode insertion damage. However, @entity840 implanted with electrically stimulated Ppy/pTS/NT3-coated electrodes had lower electrically-evoked auditory brainstem response thresholds and greater SGN densities in implanted cochleae compared to non-implanted cochleae and compared to animals implanted with Ppy/pTS-coated electrodes (p<0.05). Ppy/pTS/NT3 did not exacerbate fibrous tissue formation and did not affect electrode impedance. Drug-eluting conducting polymer coatings on cochlear implant electrodes present a clinically viable method to promote preservation of @entity528 without adversely affecting the function of the cochlear implant.

title: XXXX -coated electrodes for the delivery of charge and neurotrophins to cochlear neurons.

entities_list: @entity25213 :: ('MESH:C067635', 'Chemical') :: ['polypyrrole']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea pigs']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['Sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion neurons', 'SGNs']

entities_list: @entity58796 :: ('CHEBI:27849', 'Chemical') :: ['para-toluene sulfonate']

answer: @entity25213 :: (MESH:C067635,Chemical) :: ['Polypyrrole']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) has been demonstrated to enhance the maximal shortening velocity and maximal power of rodent muscle. Dietary @entity1507 ( @entity8326 ) intake has been demonstrated to increase NO bioavailability in @entity1 . We therefore hypothesized that acute dietary @entity8326 intake (in the form of a concentrated beetroot juice (BRJ) supplement) would improve muscle speed and power in @entity1 . To test this hypothesis, healthy @entity1 and @entity1 (n   =   12; age   =   22-50   y) were studied using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. After an overnight fast, subjects ingested 140   mL of BRJ either containing or devoid of 11.2   mmol of @entity8326 . After 2   h, knee extensor contractile function was assessed using a Biodex 4 isokinetic dynamometer. Breath NO levels were also measured periodically using a Niox Mino analyzer as a biomarker of whole-body NO production. No significant changes in breath NO were observed in the placebo trial, whereas breath NO rose by 61% (P   <   0.001; effect size   =   1.19) after dietary @entity8326 intake. This was accompanied by a 4% (P   <   0.01; effect size   =   0.74) increase in peak knee extensor power at the highest angular velocity tested (i.e., 6.28   rad/s). Calculated maximal knee extensor power was therefore greater (i.e., 7.90        0.59 vs. 7.44        0.53 W/kg; P   <   0.05; effect size   =   0.63) after dietary @entity8326 intake, as was the calculated maximal velocity (i.e., 14.5        0.9 vs. 13.1        0.8   rad/s; P   <   0.05; effect size   =   0.67). No differences in muscle function were observed during 50 consecutive knee extensions performed at 3.14   rad/s. We conclude that acute dietary @entity8326 intake increases whole-body NO production and muscle speed and power in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Effect of acute dietary @entity1507 intake on maximal knee extensor speed and power in healthy @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Presentation of antigenic peptides by human leukocyte antigen class I molecules is dependent on peptide transport into the endoplasmic reticulum by the transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) (Germain, R. N. 1994. Cell. 76:287-299). This translocation step is currently regarded as permissive for all peptides with @entity1473 -terminal residues capable of binding to HLA class I molecules (Momburg, F., J. Roelse, J. C. Howard, G. W. Butcher, G.J. H  mmerling, and J.J. Neefjes. 1994. Nature (Lond.). 367:648-651). In this report, we show that the @entity1 transporter selects peptides according to a binding motif based on the strong effects on peptide affinity of the three @entity2733 -terminal positions and the @entity1473 -terminal residues. TAP favors strongly hydrophobic residues in position 3 (P3) and hydrophobic or charged residues in P2, whereas aromatic or acidic residues in P1, as well as Pro in @entity3881 , have strong deleterious effects. Selection of naturally presented peptides by the transporter is suggested by their higher average affinity for TAP, as compared to nonselected peptides. The TAP preferences in the three @entity2733 -terminal positions correspond to those of the vast majority of human leukocyte antigen class I alleles, but they represent an obstacle for peptide supply to some alleles, e.g., the B7-like group. We propose that peptides binding to these alleles, and in general, peptides with TAP affinities below a certain threshold, may be transported as extended precursors.

title: The peptide-binding motif for the XXXX transporter associated with antigen processing.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the variance in walking, moderate and vigorous physical activity (PA), explained by neighbourhood design and other environmental variables above and beyond the variance accounted for by demographical variables. METHOD: A total of 138 @entity1 (46   ) with @entity161 (mean age = 41.2    12.5 years) from 13 different centres in Belgium were included in this 4-month cross-sectional study. The built environment was rated using the Instruments for @entity410 ( @entity410 ) environmental questionnaire, which was validated first. PA levels were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: Validity coefficients for the @entity410 ranged between 0.44 and 0.86 and test-retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.64 and 0.84. Regression analyses showed that environmental variables were related to all types of PA. The variance explained by the models including demographic and environmental variables ranged from 20% for vigorous PA up to 68% for walking. Minutes of walking (r=0.63, P<.001) and of moderate-intensity PA (r = 0.43, P<.001) were related to emotional satisfaction with the environment. Moderate-intensity PA was also related to the presence of PA supplies at home (r=0.49, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Neighbourhood design and other environmental variables show significant associations with multiple types of PA in @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: Associations between physical activity and the built environment in XXXX with @entity161 : a multi-centre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness', 'ALPHA']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3933 is frequently used to treat @entity111 and @entity390 in @entity1 who have received neuraxial opioids, there are no data regarding its effect on ventilatory control. We conducted the current study to evaluate the effects of @entity3933 on hypercapnic and @entity519 ventilatory control in healthy volunteers. METHODS: First, we measured the steady-state ventilatory response to @entity544 during @entity871 with an end-tidal @entity544 tension of 46 or 54 mmHg (alternate subjects) in eight healthy volunteers. We then determined the @entity519 ventilatory response during isocapnic rebreathing at the same @entity544 tension. After a 10-min recovery period, we repeated the steady-state and @entity519 ventilatory response measurements at the other @entity544 tension (54 or 46 mmHg). Ten minutes after subjects received @entity3933 0.7 mg.kg-1 intravenously, we repeated this sequence of ventilatory measurements. RESULTS: Under hyperoxic conditions (inspired @entity26 fraction > 0.5) @entity3933 did not affect the ventilatory response to @entity2944 . Similarly, at an end-tidal @entity544 tension of 46 mmHg, neither the slope nor the position of the @entity519 ventilatory response curve changed significantly after @entity3933 . However, at an end-tidal @entity544 tension of 54 mmHg, the slope of the @entity519 ventilatory response increased from 1.28 +/- 0.33 to 2.13 +/- 0.61 l.min-1.%SpO2(-1) (mean +/- standard error), and VE at an arterial hemoglobin @entity26 saturation of 90% increased from 31.2 +/- 3.1 to 43.1 +/- 5.4 l.min-1). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that although it did not affect the ventilatory response to @entity544 during @entity871 or the ventilatory response to @entity519 at an end-tidal @entity544 tension of 46 mmHg @entity3933 augmented the @entity519 response under conditions of @entity2944 in our young healthy volunteers. Although these findings may help to explain the apparent safety of @entity3933 , they may not be applicable to debilitated @entity1 or those who have received systemic or neuraxial ventilatory depressants.

title: XXXX enhances the interaction of hypercapnic and @entity519 ventilatory drive.

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity3933 :: (MESH:D004155,Chemical) :: ['Diphenhydramine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Secondary generalized @entity410 (SGTCS) are among the most severe forms of @entity410 , and the main risk factor for @entity944 ( @entity944 ). Whether some @entity734 ( @entity734 ) might be more efficacious than others on SGTCS in @entity1 with @entity1625 thus represents an important clinical issue for which no data are currently available. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of adjunctive AED in which information on efficacy outcomes (i.e., responder rate and/or frequency per 28  days relative to baseline) were available both for all @entity410 types and for SGTCS. The primary analysis evaluated the efficacy of @entity734 on all types of @entity410 and on SGTCS by comparing the responder rates for AED and for placebo. RESULTS: Responder rate was available both for all @entity410 types and for SGTCS in 13 of the 72 eligible trials, evaluating 7 @entity734 . Only three @entity734 - @entity13876 , @entity23570 and @entity1771 -showed greater efficacy than placebo. However, confidence intervals of relative risks overlapped for all @entity734 but pregabalin, which demonstrated significantly lower efficacy than @entity13876 , @entity23570 , and @entity1771 . Moreover, there was a nonsignificant trend toward a lower relative risk of responder rate for SGTCS than for all @entity410 types, which appeared related to a greater response to placebo for this outcome. SIGNIFICANCE: Indirect comparison of @entity734 using randomized placebo-controlled add-on trials does not support robust differences between @entity734 to prevent SGTCS. Alternative designs for evaluation of therapeutic interventions in @entity1 at risk for SGTCS-related complications are required.

title: Prevention of generalized XXXX in @entity1625 : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden unexpected death in epilepsy', 'SUDEP']

entities_list: @entity13876 :: ('MESH:C403507', 'Chemical') :: ['lacosamide']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity23570 :: ('MESH:C551441', 'Chemical') :: ['perampanel']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['tonic-clonic seizures']


abstract: Few studies have examined the carcinogenicity of chemicals toward the urinary bladder in hamsters, and the effect of diet on hamster urine and urothelium has not been reported. Our laboratory recently began investigating the effects of @entity3495 ( @entity3496 ) on the hamster bladder, and we noticed subtle urothelial changes even in controls. The possible effect of various diets on hamster urothelium was evaluated by feeding different diets to 4-week-old @entity329 for 5 weeks. The diets examined were Tekland 8656, Purina 5002, Purina 5L79, and NIH-07. Light microscopic examination showed a slight increase in @entity1373 in hamsters fed Purina 5L79. An increase in the incidence of @entity1494 , exfoliation, and mild @entity1373 were noted by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) with all dietary preparations except NIH-07. The constituents in the diets producing the urothelial alterations are not known at present, but NIH-07 diet was chosen for experiments to investigate the effects of @entity3496 on the hamster bladder epithelium. Male and female 5-week-old @entity329 were fed 100 ppm @entity3496 for 10 weeks. Examination of urinary parameters showed no treatment-related changes. Light microscopic examination and @entity4653 revealed no changes of the urothelium of @entity3496 -treated male or female hamsters.

title: Evaluation of diet and @entity3495 on the urothelium of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian Golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity3495 :: ('MESH:D002101', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylarsinic acid']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian golden hamsters']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Varicella is a benign infectious disease that is rarely complicated by @entity715 . @entity5337 ( @entity5337 ) mutation is presently recognized as the most common inherited cause of @entity715 . From a case report the link between varicella associated @entity715 and @entity5337 is discussed. CASE REPORT: An eight year-old @entity1 was admitted on 15th day of a varicella infection for difficulty to walk and @entity158 . Doppler ultra sound of the lower limbs venous system showed @entity715 of the left iliac vein and femoral veins. @entity49 work-up revealed a @entity5337 heterozygotic status for the @entity1 . Biological screening for @entity74 associated with @entity49 led to the detection of a heterozygous inherited @entity5337 mutation in the @entity1 . Response to heparine followed by oral anticoagulant treatment was good. CONCLUSION: @entity715 associated with varicella in @entity1 is a rare event. We recommend to realize a @entity49 screening in such @entity1 . We also support varicella vaccination of @entity1 identified as having constitutional prothrombotic disorders like @entity5337 mutation.

title: [ XXXX and @entity5337 mutation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombophilia', 'thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful legs']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Post-varicella thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Trastuzumab (Herceptin), an anti-human @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) antibody, has been shown to be an effective radiosensitizer in preclinical studies. The present Phase II trial evaluated trastuzumab plus radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1722 -positive, chemotherapy-refractory, locally advanced or locoregionally recurrent @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible @entity1 had measurable disease, normal cardiac function, and biopsy-confirmed residual @entity1722 -positive disease. @entity1 received weekly trastuzumab (2 mg/kg intravenously), concurrent with radiotherapy (50 Gy) to the breast and regional lymph nodes for 5 weeks. If feasible, surgery followed radiotherapy. The primary endpoint was safety, and the secondary endpoint was efficacy (pathologic response and interval to symptomatic local progression). RESULTS: Of the 19 @entity1 enrolled, 7 were ineligible and received radiotherapy alone and 12 received therapy per protocol. Of these 12 @entity1 , 11 had a Stage T4 diagnosis. Grade 3 @entity137 included skin (n = 2) and @entity2905 (n = 1). One @entity1 experienced delayed wound @entity446 after surgery. No @entity1 developed symptomatic @entity299 . Of the 7 @entity1 who had undergone mastectomy, 3 (43%) had a substantial pathologic response (complete response or microscopic @entity66 ), significantly more than a comparison cohort (2 of 38 or 5%, p = .02). The median interval to symptomatic local progression was not reached. The median overall survival was 39 months. CONCLUSION: This is the first prospective trial providing evidence for a radiosensitizing effect of trastuzumab in @entity0 . The combination of trastuzumab and radiotherapy was well tolerated.

title: Radiosensitization of chemotherapy-refractory, locally advanced or locally recurrent XXXX with trastuzumab: a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2', 'HER2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of @entity5505 (2 g every 8 h), @entity3400 / @entity7120 (4 g/500 mg every 6 h), and @entity2889 (1 g every 8 h), when combined with @entity4509 (15 mg/kg once daily), in the empirical treatment of high-risk febrile @entity1398 episodes in @entity1 with @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, comparative study designed in the haematology unit of a university hospital in @entity233 . RESULTS: A total of 89 febrile episodes in 60 @entity1398 @entity1 were treated; 29 febrile episodes in 23 @entity1 with @entity5505 plus @entity4509 (group 1), 30 episodes in 25 @entity1 with @entity3400 / @entity7120 plus @entity4509 (group 2), and 30 episodes in 25 @entity1 with meropenem plus @entity4509 (group 3). The 3 groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, underlying @entity5 , pretherapy neutrophil counts, duration of @entity1398 and types of @entity281 . @entity1398 , since the start of fever, persisted for > or =10 days in all of the episodes in the 3 study groups. Nearly all of the episodes were seen in @entity1 with @entity1778 . In 25.8% (23/89) of the @entity1398 , an aetiologic organism was isolated, with gram-negative bacteria being the most commonly isolated. The success without modification rates were 34.5%, 30% and 36.7% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P >0.05). After modification with a different class of antimicrobial therapy, the response rates increased to 65.5%, 63.3% and 70% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P >0.05). The mean duration of treatment and the time to defervescence were also comparable in all groups. In all arms, side effects were minimal. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the 3 regimens were equally effective and safe in the empirical treatment of high-risk febrile @entity1398 episodes.

title: Clinical experience with three combination regimens for the treatment of high-risk febrile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematological malignancy', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia', 'neutropenic', 'febrile neutropenia episodes']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interobserver reliability for the classification of @entity6342 is limited. The aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that interobserver reliability of the AO classification of @entity6342 , the preferred treatment, and @entity174 characteristics is the same for two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Members of the Science of Variation Group--fully trained practicing orthopaedic and @entity130 surgeons from around the world--were randomized to evaluate radiographs and either 2-D CT or 3-D CT images of fifteen @entity6342 via a web-based survey and respond to the following four questions: (1) Is the greater tuberosity displaced? (2) Is the humeral head split? (3) Is the arterial supply compromised? (4) Is the glenohumeral joint dislocated? They also classified the @entity174 according to the AO system and indicated their preferred treatment of the @entity174 (operative or nonoperative). Agreement among observers was assessed with use of the multirater kappa (k) measure. RESULTS: Interobserver reliability of the AO classification, @entity174 characteristics, and preferred treatment generally ranged from "slight" to "fair." A few small but statistically significant differences were found. Observers randomized to the 2-D CT group had slightly but significantly better agreement on displacement of the greater tuberosity (k = 0.35 compared with 0.30, p < 0.001) and on the AO classification (k = 0.18 compared with 0.17, p = 0.018). A subgroup analysis of the AO classification results revealed that shoulder and elbow surgeons, orthopaedic @entity130 surgeons, and surgeons in the United States had slightly greater reliability on 2-D CT, whereas surgeons in practice for ten years or less and surgeons from other subspecialties had slightly greater reliability on 3-D CT. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal humeral @entity174 classifications may be helpful conceptually, but they have poor interobserver reliability even when 3-D rather than 2-D CT is utilized. This may contribute to the similarly poor interobserver reliability that was observed for selection of the treatment for @entity6342 . The lack of a reliable classification confounds efforts to compare the outcomes of treatment methods among different clinical trials and reports.

title: Interobserver reliability of classification and characterization of XXXX : a comparison of two and three-dimensional CT.

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the larvicidal and repellent properties of marine Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 crude extracts. The marine soil samples were collected from the Puducherry coast, Tamil Nadu, India. The isolate Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 was taxonomically characterized and identified. The @entity1046 crude extract tested for larvicidal property showed 100% mortality for all the 3 species after 24 h exposure against the early fourth instar larvae of malarial vector--Anopheles stephensi at 50% and 90% lethal concentration (LC50 = 132.86, LC90 396.14 ppm); dengue vector-- @entity4224 (LC50 = 112.78, LC90 336.42 ppm) and filariasis vector-- @entity2957 (LC50 = 156.53, LC90 468.37 ppm). The Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 solvent extracts of @entity4315 , @entity1046 , @entity7935 , @entity3636 and @entity1042 were tested for repellent activity against A. stephensi, A. aegypti and @entity2957 . The @entity1046 extract showed complete protection for 210 min at 6 mg/cm2 against these mosquito bites. The crude extract was analyzed further for Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. In addition to the importance of bioactive compounds, the utilization of Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 crude extracts revealed effective larvicidal and repellent activity against the vectors, which perhaps represents a promising tool in the management of mosquito control.

title: Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, XXXX and @entity2957 (Diptera: Culicidae).

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['C. quinquefasciatus', 'Culex quinquefasciatus']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1277 are of major significance both in clinical medicine and in society at large. @entity448 and @entity1279 almost exclusively afflict young @entity1 , severely impairing their physical and mental health. The peak ages for these diseases are in late adolescence and young adulthood; @entity1 therefore suffer setbacks both in school and/or in their occupational careers. This scientifically based S3 guideline was developed with the intention of improving the treatment of @entity1277 and motivating future research in this area. METHODS: The existing national and international guidelines on the three types of @entity1277 were synoptically compared, the literature on the subject was systematically searched, and meta-analyses on @entity1279 and @entity5550 were carried out. 15 consensus conferences were held, as a result of which 44 evidence-based recommendations were issued. RESULTS: @entity448 and @entity1279 are diagnosed according to the ICD-10 criteria (International Classification of Diseases), @entity5550 according to those of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 ). Psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for all three disorders, and cognitive behavioral therapy is the form of psychotherapy best supported by the available evidence. The administration of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) can be recommended as a flanking measure in the treatment of @entity1279 only. The evidence does not support any type of pharmacotherapy for @entity1278 or @entity5550 . @entity1279 and @entity5550 can usually be treated on an outpatient basis, as long as they are no more than moderately severe; full-fledged @entity1278 is generally an indication for in-hospital treatment. CONCLUSION: This guideline contains evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1277 . If strictly implemented, it should result in improved care for the affected @entity1 .

title: The diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Eating disorders', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['Bulimia nervosa', 'bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['binge-eating disorder']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of changes in dietary protein level on overall availability of @entity1522 for tissues. For this purpose, @entity35 were adapted to diets containing various concentrations of casein (7.5, 15, 30, and 60%) and were sampled either during the postprandial or postabsorptive period. In @entity35 fed the protein-deficient diet, glucogenic @entity1522 (except @entity1889 ) tended to accumulate in plasma, liver, and muscles. In @entity35 fed high-protein diets, the hepatic balance of glucogenic @entity1522 was markedly enhanced and their liver concentrations were consistently depressed. This response was the result of a marked induction of @entity535 catabolism (a 45-fold increase of liver @entity1889 - @entity563 dehydratase activity was observed with the 60% casein diet). The muscle concentrations of @entity1889 , @entity563 , and @entity2228 underwent changes parallel to plasma and liver concentrations, and a significant reduction of @entity1160 was observed. During the postabsorptive period, adaptation to high-protein diets resulted in a sustained catabolism of most glucogenic @entity1522 , which accentuated the drop in their concentrations (especially @entity1889 ) in all the compartments studied. The time course of metabolic adaptation from a 60 to a 15% casein diet has also been investigated. Adaptation of @entity493 and @entity1160 metabolism was rapid, whereas that of @entity1889 , @entity563 , and @entity2228 was delayed and required 7-11 days. This was paralleled by a relatively slow decay of liver @entity1889 - @entity563 dehydratase (T-SDH) activity in contrast to the rapid adaptation of @entity2388 kinase activity after refeeding a high- @entity1735 diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Dietary protein paradox: decrease of XXXX availability induced by high-protein diets.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of @entity4677 as adjunctive therapy in @entity1 with localization-related @entity302 , and specifically in the subset of @entity1 for whom @entity302 surgery failed. METHODS: Eighty-two @entity1 with uncontrolled partial-onset @entity410 treated with @entity4677 were identified; @entity302 surgery had failed for 21 (25.6%; group I), and 61 (74.4%) had no prior surgery (group II). Group I and group II @entity1 were comparable in age (mean, 40.7 vs. 41.5 years) and age at @entity410 onset (mean, 14.4 vs. 18.2 years). @entity1 who had >/=50% reduction in @entity410 frequency were considered responders; the remaining @entity1 were considered nonresponders. RESULTS: In @entity1 (group I) for whom surgery had failed, responder rate was 76.1% (16 of 21), including 10 (47.6%) @entity1 who became @entity410 free. In nonsurgical @entity1 (group II), responder rate was 34.3% (21 of 61), including nine (14.7%) @entity1 who became @entity410 free. In group I, 11 (91.6%) of 12 temporal resection @entity1 were responders, of whom eight were @entity410 free; of the remaining nine operated (extratemporal) @entity1 , five (55.5%) were responders, and two were @entity410 free. In three responders, all in group I, a severe, delayed @entity716 developed 4 to 9 months after @entity4677 introduction, leading to its discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that adjunctive @entity4677 therapy should be considered early after failed @entity302 surgery, especially after temporal resection, and may have implications for its use before surgical intervention. @entity1 should be under close psychiatric observation in this clinical setting.

title: @entity4677 efficacy in refractory partial-onset XXXX , especially after failed @entity302 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic syndrome']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: We have studied the effects of the @entity972 -blocking agent @entity973 (4-AP) on the action potential and membrane currents of the @entity742 cardiac Purkinje fiber. 4-AP slowed the rate of phase 1 repolarization and shifted the plateau of the action potential to less negative potentials. In the presence of 4-AP, the substitution of @entity60059 or @entity31549 for the @entity1219 of Tyrode's solution further slowed the rate of phase 1 repolarization, even though @entity2865 replacement has no effect on the untreated preparation. In voltage clamp experiments, 4-AP rapidly and reversibly reduced the early peak of outward current that is seen when the Purkinje fiber membrane is voltage-clamped to potentials positive to -20 mV. In addition, 4-AP reduced the steady outward current seen at the end of clamp steps positive to -40 mV. 4-AP did not appear to change the slow inward current observed over the range of -60 to -40 mV, nor did it greatly change the current tails that have been used as a measure of the slow inward conductance at more positive potentials. 4-AP did not block the inward rectifying @entity972 currents, IK1 and IK2. A phasic outward current component that was insensitive to 4-AP was reduced by @entity2865 replacement. We conclude that the early outward current has two components: a @entity2865 -sensitive component plus a 4-AP-sensitive component. Since a portion of the steady-state current was sensitive to 4-AP, the early outward current either does not fully inactivate or 4-AP blocks a component of time-independent background current.

title: @entity973 and the early outward current of XXXX cardiac Purkinje fibers.

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity60059 :: ('MESH:C033522', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium methylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity31549 :: ('MESH:C045880', 'Chemical') :: ['methanesulfonate']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We developed a new algorithm to identify high-risk @entity1 for underweight after oesophagectomy for @entity5 . @entity1 were assigned to an age-gender-specific body mass index percentile (AG-BMI) which is then used in a survival analysis. This model was able to identify @entity1 more at risk for being underweight in comparison with the classically used BMI. It shows a worse @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with a preoperative AG-BMI < 10th percentile. The aim of this study is to validate this new model based on a cohort of @entity1 from an external high-volume institution specialized in @entity5 surgery. METHODS: The validation cohort consists of 407 @entity1 operated on between 1999 and 2012 with the prerequisite data to calculate AG-BMI and @entity1349 . The base cohort consisted of 642 consecutive @entity1 , operated on in our institution between 2005 and 2010. Age, gender, height and weight on the day before surgery were used to calculate the BMI and the AG-BMI. @entity1349 was analysed and a multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: Incidence rates of the AG-BMI < 10th percentile risk- @entity1 in the validation cohort showed similar results to our original results (17.8 vs 17.2% for the base cohort) with a similar significant @entity1349 difference between at-risk @entity1 and not-at-risk @entity1 (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis found the same five independent prognosticators for @entity1349 in both datasets: age, early versus advanced disease, resection status, number of positive lymph nodes and the AG-BMI 10th percentile, but not BMI itself. In the validation cohort, gender was identified as an additional independent prognosticator. The worse @entity1349 survival in AG-BMI < 10th percentile in both @entity1 populations was related to a significantly higher number of @entity204 without @entity5 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This study validates the newly developed AG-BMI model to predict more accurately a subgroup of @entity1 at risk for worse survival after oesophagectomy. Improved perioperative identification of risk factors for poorer @entity1349 could help to develop perioperative strategies to reduce these risks.

title: Validation of a new approach for mortality risk assessment in oesophagectomy for XXXX based on age- and gender-corrected body mass index

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adverse reactions to iodinated and @entity2287 contrast media are an important clinical issue. Although some guidelines have proposed oral @entity134 premedication protocols to prevent adverse reactions, some @entity1 may have reactions to contrast media in spite of premedication (breakthrough reaction; @entity26182 ).The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency, type and severity of @entity26182 when following an oral @entity134 premedication protocol. METHODS: All iodinated and @entity2287 contrast-enhanced radiologic examinations between August 2011 and February 2013 for which the premedication protocol was applied in our institution were assessed for BTRs. RESULTS: The protocol was applied to a total of 252 examinations (153 @entity1 , ages 15-87 years; 63 males, 90 females). Of these, 152 were for prior acute adverse reactions to contrast media, 85 were for a history of @entity565 , and 15 were for other reasons. There were 198 contrast enhanced CTs and 54 contrast enhanced MRIs. There were nine @entity26182 (4.5%) for iodinated contrast media, and only one @entity26182 (1.9%) for @entity2287 contrast media: eight were mild and one was moderate. No @entity1 who had a mild index reaction (IR) had a severe @entity26182 . CONCLUSION: Incidence of BTRs when following the premedication protocol was low. This study by no means proves the efficacy of premedication, but provides some support for following a premedication protocol to improve safety of contrast-enhanced examinations when prior adverse reactions are mild, or when there is a history of @entity565 .

title: Breakthrough reactions of iodinated and @entity2287 contrast media after oral XXXX premedication protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity121 ( @entity121 ) interventions in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) have been implemented as fully supervised daily training for 30 minutes with controlled training loads using mechanical threshold loading (MTL) devices. Recently, an electronic tapered flow resistive loading (TFRL) device was introduced that has a different loading profile and stores training data during @entity121 sessions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a brief, largely unsupervised @entity121 protocol conducted using either traditional MTL or TFRL on inspiratory muscle function in @entity1 with @entity1030 . DESIGN: Twenty @entity1 with @entity425 who were clinically stable and participating in a pulmonary rehabilitation program were randomly allocated to perform 8 weeks of either @entity121 or TFRL @entity121 . METHODS: @entity1 performed 2 daily home-based @entity121 sessions of 30 breaths (3-5 minutes per session) at the highest tolerable intensity, supported by twice-weekly supervised sessions. Adherence, progression of training intensity, increases in maximal @entity2133 pressure (Pimax), and endurance capacity of inspiratory muscles (Tlim) were evaluated. RESULTS: More than 90% of @entity121 sessions were completed in both groups. The TFRL group tolerated higher loads during the final 3 weeks of the @entity121 program, with similar effort scores on the 10-Item Borg Category Ratio (CR-10) Scale, and achieved larger improvements in Pimax and Tlim than the MTL group. LIMITATIONS: A limitation of the study was the absence of a study arm involving a sham @entity121 intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The short and largely home-based @entity121 protocol significantly improved inspiratory muscle function in both groups and is an alternative to traditional @entity121 protocols in this population. @entity1 in the TFRL group tolerated higher training loads and achieved larger improvements in inspiratory muscle function than those in the MTL group.

title: Efficacy of a Novel Method for Inspiratory Muscle Training in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['inspiratory mouth']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['inspiratory muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'MTL IMT', 'inspiratory muscle training']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease']


abstract: Treatment of @entity3119 has focused almost exclusively on symptom reduction; however, @entity6100 and quality of life of individuals with this disorder may contribute more to their "burden," suffering, and disability. To gauge the significance of social dysfunction and quality of life of @entity1 with @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ), we made comparisons with a group of @entity1 with @entity161 matched for age and gender. Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity3119 participating in a partial hospital treatment program were compared with 68 @entity161 outpatients participating in a day rehabilitation program. The Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS) and Lehman Quality of Life Scale (QOL) were administered before and after treatment for both cohorts. QOL scores were significantly lower for the @entity3119 @entity1 both before and after treatment, but improved significantly during treatment. @entity3119 and @entity161 @entity1 had similar scores on almost every domain of the ILSS at pretreatment. The @entity3119 @entity1 improved significantly on many of the domains of social and independent living skills as a result of treatment and acquired significantly greater skills by post-treatment than did their counterparts with @entity161 ; however, the performance of social and independent living skills by @entity3119 @entity1 remained less than satisfactory even in domains where they improved. In the areas of job and leisure skills, there were significant group-by-time interactions. We concluded that @entity1 with severe @entity3119 and @entity1 with @entity161 are equally socially impaired. However, @entity3119 @entity1 experience greater significant functional improvement with multimodal treatment.

title: Social functioning and quality of life comparisons between XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in social functioning']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive and schizophrenic disorders']


abstract: The rapid determination of @entity3 in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of @entity0 @entity1 plays a significant role in the selection of a surgery strategy. Although a previous one-step nucleic acid amplification assay that uses reverse-transcription (RT) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has showed specific advantages over traditional pathological examination, its target marker requires optimisation. In addition to epithelial-specific @entity4166 , the internal control gene @entity6049 and the breast-specific @entity4552 were included in the new method. After the RT-LAMP primers were designed and verified using a cell line, the performance of our method was evaluated by comparing it with the corresponding result of the Food and Drug Administration approved breast lymph node (BLN) assay and routine pathological examination. One hundred and seventy-four valid SLN samples from 101 @entity1 were collected from five hospitals. The threshold of reaction time for @entity4166 , @entity4552 and @entity6049 was defined as 16, 20 and 20  min, respectively. Compared with the BLN assay, the concordance rate of our method was 95.4  % (166/174). Statistical analysis revealed that the two methods are consistent (kappa   =   0.890, P   <   0.001). When compared with pathological examination, the performance of our method (sensitivity   =   81.3  %, specificity   =   89.7  %, kappa   =   0.691, P   <   0.001) was similar to that of the BLN assay (sensitivity   =   87.5  %, specificity   =   84.9  %, kappa   =   0.668, P   <   0.001). This result demonstrates the potential usefulness of our method in clinical practice. In conclusion, we preliminarily established an intra-operative diagnostic method that assimilates the merits of previous assays. In contrast with the BLN assay and pathological examination, our method can be completed in 30  min and shows high sensitivity, specificity and consistency, which we consider as promising for clinical application.

title: An intra-operative RT-LAMP method allows rapid and reliable detection of sentinel lymph node XXXX in @entity0 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']