abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity932 ( @entity932 ) is a serious and potentially fatal complication of @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ). Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) produce a rapid and effective reversal of @entity1697 effects, but little evidence exists on their efficacy and safety in the management of @entity932 in @entity1 on @entity1697 . AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PCCs for the rapid reversal of @entity1697 in @entity1 with @entity932 . METHODS: @entity1 suffering from acute @entity932 while receiving @entity1697 were eligible for this prospective cohort study if their international normalized ratio (INR) was > or = 2.0. Stratified 35-50 IU kg(-1) @entity11304 doses were infused based on initial INR. RESULTS: A total of 92 @entity1 (50 males; mean age 74 years, range 34-92 years) were included. The median INR at presentation was 3.3 (range 2-9). At 30 min after @entity11304 administration the median INR was 1.4 (range 0.9-3.1), declining to < or = 1.5 in 75% of @entity1 . The benefit of @entity11304 was maintained for a long time, since in 98% of all post-infusion time points through 96 h the median INR remained < or = 1.5 (median 1.19; range 0.9-2.3). During hospitalization neither @entity715 complications nor significant adverse events were observed and 11 @entity1 died (11.9%). None of the @entity204 was judged to be related to @entity11304 administration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity11304 administration is an effective, rapid and safe treatment for the urgent reversal of @entity1697 in @entity1 with @entity932 . Broader use of @entity11304 in this clinical setting appears to be appropriate.

title: Prothrombin complex concentrates for urgent anticoagulation reversal in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial haemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral anticoagulant therapy', 'OAT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A combination of @entity1363 and opioid is usually used to achieve sedation and analgesia during colonoscopy. Two commonly used opioids are @entity6882 and @entity3575 , but few studies have compared their efficacy. OBJECTIVE: This randomized trial aimed to compare the efficacy and recovery time of 2 sedation regimens consisting of @entity1363 in combination with either @entity6882 or @entity3575 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A total of 300 consecutive, unselected adults attending outpatient colonoscopy at a District General Hospital were enrolled with informed consent and randomized to receive @entity1363 with @entity6882 or @entity3575 . Data for procedure times, perceived discomfort (according to standard 100-mm visual analog scales [VAS]), and recovery time were collected. @entity1 and all endoscopy staff directly involved with the procedure were blinded to the regimen used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Primary: @entity1 ' experience of @entity158 (postrecovery VAS score); secondary: recovery time. RESULTS: A total of 287 @entity1 (150 female, mean [SD] age 54 [17] years) were studied. Recovery time (in minutes) was significantly shorter in @entity1 receiving @entity3575 (n = 138) than in those receiving @entity6882 (n = 149, mean +/- SE: 13.7 +/- 1.8 vs 18.7 +/- 1.7, P = .03), whereas there was no difference in the @entity1 ', endoscopists', or nurses' perception of @entity158 during the procedure between the 2 groups. Both groups received a median dose of 3 mg of @entity1363 (range 2-5 mg). In @entity1 receiving lower doses (2-2.5 and 3-3.5 mg), recovery times were significantly faster with @entity3575 (P < .01 and <.05, respectively), whereas at higher doses of @entity1363 (> or =4 mg) there was no difference between the 2 groups. LIMITATIONS: The use of VAS scores and nurse assessment of recovery time were chosen in this study because, despite their subjectivity, these measures were felt to most closely reflect true clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity3575 in combination with low-dose @entity1363 results in significantly faster recovery from sedation compared with @entity6882 , without any apparent loss of analgesic effect.

title: @entity1363 with XXXX or @entity3575 for colonoscopy: results of a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['meperidine']


abstract: Evidence exists that microRNA (miRNA), which regulates gene expression, is frequently deregulated in @entity5 . A mature miRNA directs a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to its target messenger RNA, and causes inhibition of gene transcription. Ago proteins and TNRC proteins are main components of the RISC and participate in miRNA-induced gene silencing. However, expression status of Ago and TNRC proteins has not yet been studied in @entity1 @entity5 tissues. In this study, we attempted to explore whether expressions of @entity2037 and @entity23593 are altered in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) and @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ). We analyzed the expression of @entity2037 and @entity23593 in 107 @entity263 and 58 @entity1721 tissues by immunohistochemistry using a @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) method. In the prostate, @entity2037 was not expressed in normal glandular cells, while it was expressed in 50.0% of @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) and 57.0% of the @entity263 . @entity23593 was not expressed in normal prostate cells, while it was expressed in 55.0% of the @entity5436 and 63.6% of the @entity263 in cytoplasm and nucleus. In the esophagus, neither @entity2037 nor @entity23593 was expressed in normal squamous cells, while @entity2037 and @entity23593 were expressed in 58.6% and 62.1% of the @entity1721 , respectively. However, neither the expression of @entity2037 or @entity23593 was associated with pathologic characteristics of the @entity5 , including age, sex, Gleason score ( @entity263 ) and stage. The increased expressions of @entity2037 and @entity23593 in both @entity263 and @entity1721 compared with their normal cells suggested that over-expression of these proteins may be related to miRNA functions and might play a role in tumorigenesis of @entity263 and @entity1721 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of RNA-induced silencing complex-related proteins XXXX and @entity23593 in prostate and esophageal cancers.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCA', 'prostate carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas', 'ESCC']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['PIN', 'prostate intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity2037 :: (27161,Gene) :: ['AGO2']


abstract: Accumulation of the amyloid protein ( @entity477 ) in the brain is an important step in the pathogenesis of @entity195 . However, the mechanism by which @entity477 exerts its @entity2359 effect is largely unknown. It has been suggested that the peptide can bind to the alpha7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor (alpha7nAChR). In this study, we examined the binding of @entity30165 to endogenous and recombinantly expressed alpha7nAChRs. Abeta1-42 did neither inhibit the specific binding of alpha7nAChR ligands to @entity35 brain homogenate or slice preparations, nor did it influence the activity of alpha7nAChRs expressed in @entity1238 oocytes. Similarly, Abeta1-42 did not compete for alpha-bungarotoxin-binding sites on SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing alpha7nAChRs. The effect of the Abeta1-42 on tau phosphorylation was also examined. Although Abeta1-42 altered tau phosphorylation in alpha7nAChR-transfected SH-SY5Y cells, the effect of the peptide was unrelated to alpha7nAChR expression or activity. Binding studies using surface plasmon resonance indicated that the majority of the @entity477 bound to membrane lipid, rather than to a protein component. Fluorescence anisotropy experiments indicated that @entity477 may disrupt membrane lipid structure or fluidity. We conclude that the effects of @entity477 are unlikely to be mediated by direct binding to the alpha7nAChR. Instead, we speculate that @entity477 may exert its effects by altering the packing of lipids within the plasma membrane, which could, in turn, influence the function of a variety of receptors and channels on the cell surface.

title: The beta-amyloid protein of @entity195 binds to membrane lipids but does not bind to the alpha7 nicotinic XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: OBJECT: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has emerged as an adjuvant radiation-based therapy for @entity977 . Here, the authors present a systematic analysis of SRS for @entity2124 -secreting @entity652 to characterize the efficacy of SRS in the treatment of @entity2012 . METHODS: A comprehensive search of the English language literature revealed 970 @entity1 with new, recurrent, or persistent @entity2012 that had been treated using SRS along with assessable and quantifiable outcome data. Articles published between June 1998 and September 2009 were included in the analysis. @entity1 outcome data were aggregated and investigated based on @entity5 size, radiosurgery dose, and clinical outcomes both with and without medication. RESULTS: The overall disease control rate without medication was 48%-53%, and the overall disease control rate with or without medication was 73%. The overall mean duration of the reported follow-up was 48.5    25.8 months. The mean overall @entity5 volume in this analysis was 2.11    1.16 cm(3). The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient for @entity5 volume and cure rate was not significant (r = 0.0668, p = 0.8546). CONCLUSIONS: Data from this analysis suggest that @entity5 size may not be a significant prognostic factor in disease control after radiosurgery for @entity2012 . The overall disease control rate was approximately 48% without suppressive medications after radiosurgery for @entity2012 . With the advancement of increasingly sophisticated stereotactic planning and @entity5 targeting, the precision of radiosurgery may continue to improve in the treatment of @entity2012 .

title: A systematic analysis of disease control in XXXX treated with radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: Enzymatic properties, renaturation and metabolic role of @entity33227 dehydrogenase from @entity526 . @entity33228 dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from @entity526 , and its physicochemical and enzymatic properties were investigated. The molecular weight of the polypeptide chain is 45,000 as determined by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis in denaturing conditions. High performance size exclusion chromatography gives an apparent molecular weight of 47,000 for the native enzyme, showing that @entity33228 dehydrogenase is a monomeric @entity2125 -dependent dehydrogenase. @entity33228 dehydrogenase is rapidly denatured by 6 M @entity2097 . Non-superimposable transition curves for the loss of activity and the changes in fluorescence suggest the existence of a partially folded inactive intermediate. The protein can be fully renatured after complete unfolding, and the regain of both native fluorescence and activity occurs rapidly within a few seconds at pH 7.5 and 20 degrees C. Such a high rate of reactivation is unusual for a protein of this size. @entity33228 dehydrogenase is specific for @entity33227 (or @entity16117 ) as a substrate and @entity2125 + (or @entity2125 ) as a cofactor. @entity219 is not required for the activity. The affinity of @entity33228 dehydrogenase for the reduced or oxidized form of its substrate or cofactor remains constant with pH. The affinity for @entity2125 is 20-fold higher than for @entity2125 +. The forward and reverse catalytic rate constants of the reaction: @entity33227 + @entity2125 + in equilibrium @entity16117 + @entity2125 have different pH dependences. The oxidation of @entity33227 has an optimum pH of 9.5, while the reduction of @entity16117 has its maximum rate at pH 7.0. At pH values around neutrality the maximum rate of reduction of @entity16117 is much higher than that of oxidation of @entity33227 . The enzymatic properties of isolated @entity33228 dehydrogenase are discussed in relation to the role of this enzyme in the intracellular metabolism.

title: Enzymatic properties, renaturation and metabolic role of XXXX dehydrogenase from @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity16117 :: ('MESH:C027618', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose-6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity33228 :: ('CHEBI:16298', 'Chemical') :: ['D-mannitol-1-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity33227 :: ('MESH:C030070', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity33227 :: (MESH:C030070,Chemical) :: ['mannitol-1-phosphate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) using the double-bundle anatomical or single-bundle isometric procedure with respect to the @entity1 ' clinical outcomes. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical outcome of double-bundle anatomical versus single-bundle isometric reconstruction of the MPFL for @entity8043 @entity1 . Sixty-three @entity1 were included in this study from August 2004 to January 2008. From August 2004 to September 2006, MPFL reconstruction using a single-bundle isometric technique was performed in 21 @entity1 (26 knees). Since October 2006, the double-bundle anatomical reconstruction of the MPFL has been used as the routine surgical procedure. It was performed in 37 @entity1 (44 knees). Fifty-eight @entity1 (70 knees) could be followed up. According to the different techniques, we divided the @entity1 into two groups: group D with double-bundle anatomical reconstruction (37 @entity1 ) and group S with single-bundle isometric reconstruction (21 @entity1 ). Clinical evaluation consisted of the number with a patellar re-dislocation, patellar apprehension sign, Kujala score, subjective questionnaire score, the patella lateral shift rate and patellar tilt angle measured by cross-sectional CT scan. RESULTS: According to the Kujala score and the subjective questionnaire score, the outcome of the double-bundle group was better than the outcome of the single-bundle group especially in the long-term. Patellar re-dislocation occurred in three @entity1 in the group S, while no re-dislocation occurred in the group D. In total, 26.9 % of group S was considered to have patellar instability, compared to 4.54 % of the group D. After operation, the patellar tilt angle (PTA) and the patella lateral shift rate (PLSR) were restored to the normal range, with statistical significance (P   <   0.05) compared to the preoperative state. CONCLUSION: Single- and double-bundle reconstruction of the MPFL can both effectively restore patella stability and improve knee function. However, outcomes in the follow-up period showed that the double-bundle surgery procedure was much better than in single-bundle surgery.

title: Double-bundle anatomical versus single-bundle isometric medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocation']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['patellar dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3609 is a benign and uncommon @entity5 . Therapeutic difficulties are variables and are discussed with regard to different clinical forms. The curative treatment is surgical. AIM: The purpose of this study is to discuss the management of the @entity1462 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We present a retrospective study over a period of 11 years (1995- 2005); about 12 @entity1 treated and followed in ENT department of Habib Thameur Hospital of Tunis. RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 was 29 years and the average size of the @entity5 was 7 cm in diameter. A voluminous cervical mass was noted in 3 cases. @entity32 with respiratory restriction were observed in one @entity1 . Surgical treatment was performed in 8 cases without recurrences. Injection of sclerosing agent (Ethibloc) was indicated in 4 cases because of the volume of the @entity5 . The following was marked by reduction of the @entity5 volume. Surgical excision was completed in one case. CONCLUSION: The management of @entity2696 is challenging. Surgical excision is the best treatment in limited forms. The prognosis of @entity2696 is transformed by sclerosing injections.

title: [Cervico-facial XXXX . What's the appropriate management?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic hygroma']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['voluminous lymphangiomas', 'lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

answer: @entity2696 :: (MESH:D008202,Disease) :: ['lymphangiomas']


abstract: The pathologic classification of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is evolving. @entity2220 is morphologically heterogeneous, with mixtures of acinar, papillary, bronchioloalveolar, and solid patterns in more than 80% of cases. In case of synchronous or metachronous multiple @entity1149 , the distinction of intrapulmonary @entity3 from independent @entity5 is of great clinical importance as it influences staging and potentially the therapeutic strategy. Here we took advantage of a cohort of 20 @entity1 with 42 multiple @entity1149 (24 potential pair comparisons) that were annotated molecularly using genomic and mutational profiling to evaluate the value of comprehensive histologic assessment in this setting. Using the Martini-Melamed criteria, paired @entity5 were characterized as multiple primary NSCLCs in 21 cases and as intrapulmonary @entity3 in 3 cases. Genomic and mutational data led to a diagnosis of multiple primaries in 14 cases and of @entity3 in 8 cases; 2 cases could not be assessed. This molecular characterization contradicted the Martini-Melamed diagnosis in 7 (32%) of the 22 assessable comparisons. @entity420 was found in 32 (76%) of the 42 @entity5 . After review in a blinded fashion, semiquantitative comprehensive histologic assessment of paired @entity5 was different in 16 and similar in 8 paired @entity5 . We found that comparing @entity420 is a complex issue that requires assessment not only of percentages of the histologic subtypes, but also the recording of additional histologic details such as cytologic features, patterns of stroma, @entity39 , discrete nodularity versus miliary growth and variants such as clear cell, signet ring, mucinous, and fetal patterns. We also found that @entity957 could be compared based on histologic subtyping in addition to cytologic and stromal characteristics. Considering histologically different @entity5 as multiple primaries, and similar @entity5 as @entity3 , comprehensive histologic subtyping was consistent with the molecular characterization in 20 (91%) of the 22 pairs comparisons. In summary, based on a well characterized cohort with detailed clinical, pathologic and molecular data, we found comprehensive histologic assessment is a powerful tool that seems to be a promising way to determine whether multiple lung @entity420 or @entity957 are metastatic or multiple primaries. This has great clinical implications for staging and therapeutic management of @entity2 @entity1 with @entity5 . Given its high correlation with molecular characterization of such @entity5 , it may provide a much cheaper and faster method to address this problem.

title: Comprehensive histologic assessment helps to differentiate multiple lung primary nonsmall cell carcinomas from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'primary tumors', 'multiple tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['paired squamous cell carcinomas', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['Lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The effects of @entity1563 and of subsequent @entity3044 infusion were examined in conscious @entity235 . Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by measurements of LV diameter, pressure, velocity and dP/dt/P, and regional myocardial function was assessed by measurements of segment length (SL) and velocity of SL shortening in normal, border, and @entity63 zones. Regional myocardial function was measured from the same sites, along with intramyocardial electrograms and regional myocardial blood flow as determined by radioactive microspheres. @entity1563 resulted in graded loss of function from the normal to severely @entity63 zones with graded flow reductions and graded increases in ST segment elevation. @entity3044 improved overall LV function, and function in the normal zone. @entity3044 also improved function in 19 of 21 border-zone segments and in all moderately @entity63 segments, while elevating further the ST segments. These changes were accompanied by increases in myocardial blood flow. In contrast, in severely @entity63 segments, @entity3044 resulted in a deterioration of function, in that paradoxical motion occurred in segments previously @entity2845 during systole, while paradoxical motion was intensified in those segments in which it was already present. These changes were accompanied by further ST segment elevation but not by concurrent increases in blood flow. In addition, in 2 of 21 border zone segments, myocardial blood flow fell and these segments responded to @entity3044 with complete loss of function; paradoxical motion developed. Thus, in the conscious @entity235 , a strong inotropic agent can improve function, even in the @entity63 , as long as the required additional blood flow can be provided wither through primary or collateral channels.

title: Effects of @entity3044 on regional myocardial function, electrogram, and blood flow in conscious XXXX with myocardial ischemia.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary occlusion', 'coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity1 at increased risk for arterial @entity1031 who require temporary interruption of @entity1229 sodium therapy is a common clinical problem. We investigated the efficacy and safety of a standardized periprocedural anticoagulation regimen with low-molecular-weight heparin. METHODS: We studied 650 consecutive @entity1 with a mechanical heart valve, chronic @entity955 , or @entity64 who required interruption of @entity1229 therapy because of an invasive procedure. @entity1229 was stopped 5 or 6 days before the procedure, and @entity1 received subcutaneous @entity16960 , 100 IU/kg twice daily, starting 3 days before the procedure. The risk of postprocedural @entity548 determined postprocedural anticoagulant management. In @entity1 undergoing a non-high- @entity548 -risk procedure who had adequate postprocedural hemostasis, @entity1229 was resumed on the evening of the procedure, and @entity16960 , 100 IU/kg twice daily, was resumed on the next day and continued until the international normalized ratio was 2.0 or more. If postprocedural hemostasis was not secured, the resumption of @entity16960 was delayed. In @entity1 undergoing a high- @entity548 -risk procedure, @entity1229 was resumed on the evening of the procedure, but @entity16960 was not given after the procedure. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed up during the preprocedural and postprocedural period for a mean of 13.8 days (range, 10-18 days). In 542 @entity1 who underwent a non-high- @entity548 -risk procedure, there were 2 @entity1031 events (0.4%), 4 major @entity548 episodes (0.7%), and 32 episodes of increased wound-related @entity190 that precluded postprocedural @entity16960 administration (5.9%). In 108 @entity1 who underwent a high- @entity548 -risk procedure, there were 2 deaths (1.8%) possibly due to @entity1031 and 2 major @entity548 episodes (1.8%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 at increased risk for arterial @entity1031 who require temporary interruption of @entity1229 therapy, a standardized periprocedural anticoagulant regimen with low-molecular-weight heparin is associated with a low risk of @entity1031 and major @entity548 complications.

title: Low-molecular-weight heparin as bridging anticoagulation during interruption of XXXX : assessment of a standardized periprocedural anticoagulation regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['dalteparin sodium', 'dalteparin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: Thirty-three (0.7%) of 4,818 @entity130 @entity1 admitted between January 1, 1987, and July 1, 1989, developed @entity3 requiring IV antifungal therapy. All @entity1 were seriously traumatized. Before developing candidosis, all @entity1 had documented @entity2348 . These @entity281 were generally polymicrobial and were treated with multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics (an average of 5.4 antibiotics for 17.2 days). Twenty-eight (85%) of 33 @entity1 received enteral feedings for an average of 11 days +/- 1.5 (SEM) before developing candidosis and 24 (73%) received NG/oral @entity8701 for an average of 7.6 days +/- 0.9 before developing candidosis. All @entity1 with candidosis were treated with intravenous @entity2379 : cumulative dose of 157.3 mg +/- 31.3 mg given over 10 days +/- 1.1. One @entity1 developed recurrent candidosis despite NG/oral prophylaxis and enteral feedings. Six @entity1 (18%) died due to @entity295 and @entity881 . The @entity1 who died did not objectively differ from the survivors. Candidosis is an infrequent infection in severely injured @entity1 . Candidosis was invariably preceded by treatment with multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics for a variety of polymicrobial @entity2348 . NG/oral @entity8701 and enteral feedings did not prevent candidosis, in contrast to widely accepted beliefs. @entity2379 therapy was safe. Recurrent candidosis was unusual. @entity6923 had a high mortality rate associated with multiple blood transfusions and prolonged hospitalization. Candidosis represents a sign of severe @entity130 but can be amenable to prompt, aggressive treatment.

title: Treatment of candidosis in severely injured adults with short-course, low-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infections']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidosis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injury and illness']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: OBJECT: The goal in this study was to determine if there was a change in intracranial venous diameters after endovascular treatment of carotid distribution @entity2553 caused by @entity510 . METHODS: The venous diameters were measured in all @entity1 who received intraarterial @entity3302 and/or balloon angioplasty for treatment of @entity2553 during the study period of 3 years. To evaluate the veins of Labbe and Trolard, the straight sinus, and the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), measurements were performed in a blinded manner with the aid of a magnification loupe. Predetermined sites were evaluated on angiograms obtained before and after endovascular treatment. Forty-three treatments in 26 @entity1 were included: 18 @entity1 (33 territories) were treated with intraarterial @entity3302 alone, four (four territories) were treated with balloon angioplasty alone, and four (six territories) were treated with both @entity3302 infusion and angioplasty. The mean measured venous diameters increased significantly after addition of @entity3302 (10.9%), and also after combined @entity3302 and angioplasty (4.2%). There was no statistically significant increase in the mean venous diameters after angioplasty alone. If the initial @entity428 ( @entity428 ) was less than 15 mm Hg before treatment, the veins showed a greater tendency to dilate than if the @entity428 were greater than 15 mm Hg. The straight sinus and the SSS increased more in diameter than the veins of Labbe and Trolard. There was no statistically significant correlation between the change in venous diameters with treatment and @entity428 . CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment produces measurable increases in intracranial venous diameters. However, these changes do not correlate with changes in @entity428 .

title: Effect of intraarterial @entity3302 and/or angioplasty on the cerebral veins in XXXX with @entity2553 after @entity510 due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure', 'initial ICP measurements']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A double-blind placebo-controlled study using the double-dummy technique has been done to examine whether the responses of pituitary and adrenal hormones to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia were @entity73 by a pharmacological dose of @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide ( @entity1 @entity8224 -(99-126), @entity8224 ). After an overnight fast eight male healthy volunteers (aged 23-40 years) received in random order i.v. bolus injections of insulin 0.125 U.kg-1 + placebo, @entity8224 100 micrograms + placebo,insulin + @entity8224 , or both placebo preparations. In the insulin-only experiment, @entity1 growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, @entity701 , @entity1369 , plasma @entity916 activity, @entity1425 , and @entity1063 were all stimulated by hypoglycaemia. In the @entity8224 -only experiment there were no hormonal changes other than decreases in plasma @entity916 activity and @entity1369 concentration. In the insulin + @entity8224 experiment the nadir of blood @entity413 was decreased to 1.3 from the 2.0 mmol.1-1 found in the insulin-only experiment. The exaggerated hypoglycaemia resulted in increased stimulation of @entity1 growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and adrenaline when compared to the insulin-only experiment. The rise in the @entity701 and @entity1369 concentrations was only slightly increased, and the stimulation of plasma @entity916 activity was blunted. Unexpectedly, @entity8224 was found to enhance the hypoglycaemic action of insulin, most probably by inhibiting insulin degradation within the liver. There was no evidence of an inhibitory effect of @entity8224 on the stimulation of pituitary or adrenal hormones during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. The reduction in @entity916 may indicate an inhibitory action of @entity8224 on catecholaminergic effects within the kidney.

title: Effect of XXXX atrial natriuretic peptide on blood @entity413 concentrations and hormone stimulation during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity28070 mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce experimental @entity792 (EAU) in @entity840 . @entity840 receiving no treatment, was compared with test animals which received topically and systemically administered KLM-583B, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, or subcutaneous (sub. cut) and topical corticosteroid treatment, as well as a test group which received @entity205 suc. cut. The best clinical suppression of EAU was obtained in the group treated suc. cut with KLM-538B. @entity230 also suppressed the inflammation in the eyes but was not as effective as KLM-583B or @entity205 . PLA 2 activity in the aqueous humour and the @entity21230 ( @entity21230 ) levels measured from iris-ciliary body were significantly lower in the groups treated suc. cut. with KLM-583B or @entity205 . @entity840 treated suc. cut. with KLM-583B and @entity205 had the lowest antiserum titres to @entity28070 .

title: Suppression of experimental XXXX in @entity840 by inhibition of phospholipase A2.

entities_list: @entity28070 :: ('100307116(Tax:10141)', 'Gene') :: ['Retinal S-antigen', 'retinal S-antigen']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea-pigs', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune uveitis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune uveitis']


abstract: The expression of class I and class II @entity3998 products in @entity1 brain was studied. Radioimmunoassay confirmed weak expression of @entity2149 ,C and @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) in brain extract. Quantitative inhibition assay showed brain had 1/70 as much activity as spleen, per microgram of extract protein. Immunoblot assay confirmed that HLA chains and @entity2262 were present in the brain extract. Class II was not detected. Microscopic analysis was performed on eight brain biopsies. The histologic appearance ranged from "apparently normal," to the presence of reactive astrocytes, to the presence of @entity5 . In every case, @entity2149 ,C and @entity2262 activity was concentrated at blood vessel walls. Small and medium-sized vessels were uniformly stained. Cell body staining was not seen in neurons, glia, oligodendrocytes, microglia, reactive astrocytes, or the majority of @entity5 cells. Class II activity was seen in occasional cell bodies in both grey matter and white matter in the microscopic assays. These cells had the morphologic appearance of microglia or reactive astrocytes. Occasional blood vessels also showed class II activity. Unlike the class I activity, the class II blood vessel stain was often discontinuous. More class II+ cell bodies were seen in @entity5 -associated tissue.

title: Monoclonal antibody analysis of XXXX expression in @entity1 brain biopsies: tissue ranging from "histologically normal" to that showing different levels of @entity5 involvement.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glial tumor']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin', 'beta 2-m']

answer: @entity3998 :: (3133,Gene) :: ['MHC']


abstract: A randomized open-label clinical trial was conducted to determine whether mortality, readmission, or quality of life differed between @entity712 @entity1 managed with @entity3371 plus diuretics and those with @entity6838 plus diuretics. A total of 345 @entity712 @entity1 in New York Heart Association functional classes 2 and 3 without @entity955 , @entity1353 of bronchopulmonary origin, or @entity101 not controlled with diuretics was randomized for @entity6838 (n = 175) or @entity3371 (n = 170) treatment and followed up for a median of 4.5 years. Socioeconomic, demographic, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, spirometric, and chest radiograph data were obtained at the initial examination. In a random sample of half the @entity1 , ergometric, echocardiographic, and Holter records were obtained at entry and at 3 and 18 months. @entity1 were followed up for > or = 3 years. The end points were mortality, hospitalization for @entity299 , deterioration in quality of life, worsening of functional class, and need for @entity6838 or @entity3371 in the @entity3371 and @entity6838 groups, respectively. The trial had to be terminated prematurely owing to the difficulty in finding candidates free of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 )-inhibitor treatment. Baseline @entity1 characteristics were similar in both groups. From the clinical point of view, only the 48-month mortality was relevantly lower (20.9 vs. 31.9%, respectively) among @entity1 treated with @entity3371 than that in those receiving @entity6838 (log rank test, p = 0.07). No statistically or clinically relevant differences were found in other end points or adverse effects. The results suggest but do not confirm the hypothesis that @entity3371 treatment in mild to moderate @entity712 might provide better long-term survival than @entity6838 .

title: Long-term results of the Spanish trial on treatment and survival of XXXX with predominantly mild @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Five hundred thirty-six cases of early @entity0 (T0 to T2, N0 to N1) treated with breast conservation therapy were monitored for a median interval of 64 months. Fifty-five locoregional failures occurred after a median interval of 40 months; the actuarial failure rate was 9% at 5 years and 19% at 10 years. Factors predicting @entity177 were sought. Young @entity1 had a higher risk of failure than older @entity1 , although their actuarial survival rates were not different. Locoregional failure was defined as advanced if @entity5 involved skin or was fixed to the chest wall, the diameter was greater than 5 cm, or unresectable nodes were present. There was a significantly higher incidence of advanced recurrence with higher initial @entity5 stage. Overall, the 5-year survival rate after treatment of locoregional recurrence was 63%. @entity1442 , however, resulted in a median survival time of 37 months. Further study is required to explain the increased failure rate in younger @entity1 . @entity1442 rarely occurred after treatment of Stage 0 or Stage I @entity5 , supporting the selection of @entity1 with early disease for breast conservation therapy.

title: Predicting the rate and extent of @entity177 after breast conservation therapy for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional failure']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced locoregional failure']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The safety of the SAG2 @entity17839 , a highly attenuated mutant of the @entity4696 strain intended to vaccinate @entity235 by the oral route, was evaluated in local Tunisian @entity235 and in five other local species likely to consume vaccine baits. These species were the @entity468 ( @entity468 ), the jackal (Canis aureus), the jerboa (Jaculus orientalis), the merion (Meriones sp.) and the gerbil (Gerbillus campestris). The vaccine was administered orally to 21 @entity235 , 11 @entity468 and eight jackals and orally or intramuscularly to 62 wild rodents of the above-mentioned species. Seven @entity235 , one cat, five jackals all juvenile and with poor health status) and two rodents died for intercurrent causes. The others were observed for 60-180 days. No animal showed any rabies symptom. Seroneutralizing antibodies were observed in all experimental groups, only after vaccination, with the highest rate being observed in jackals and rodents. The @entity17839 was detected in the oral cavity of three @entity468 6 h after oral instillation, but was not isolated later either in saliva or in salivary glands. Tissue samples (brain and salivary glands) from dead or euthanized animals were examined for the rabies virus antigen by a fluorescent antibody test. No rabies antigen was detected. These trials confirm the safety of the SAG2 strain on the Tunisian species already demonstrated by other authors on many other target and non target species.

title: Safety evaluation of the SAG2 XXXX mutant in Tunisian @entity235 and several non-target species.

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['domestic cat', 'Felis catus', 'cats']

answer: @entity17839 :: (11292,Species) :: ['rabies virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report on a large experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy-associated @entity1157 (LC-BDIs) and examine factors influencing outcomes. DESIGN: A retrospective medical record review. Univariate statistical analysis was used to identify risk factors for @entity260 . SETTING: Two university-affiliated hospitals. @entity1 : Sixty-nine @entity1 who underwent surgical repair of LC-BDI between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes following repair of LC-BDI, relationship between timing of LC-BDI repair and outcomes, complications, and long-term results following LC-BDI repair. RESULTS: Thirteen immediate repairs (0-72 hours post-LC), 34 intermediate repairs (72 hours-6 weeks), and 22 late repairs (>6 weeks) were performed. The LC-BDIs were Strasberg type A in 1 @entity1 (1%), D in 2 @entity1 (3%), E1 in 22 @entity1 (32%), E2 in 16 @entity1 (23%), E3 in 22 @entity1 (32%), E4 in 4 @entity1 (6%), and E5 in 2 @entity1 (3%). Forty-one hepaticojejunostomies (59%), 24 choledochojejunostomies (35%), 3 right hepatic hepatectomies with biliary reconstruction (4%), and 1 primary common bile duct repair (1%) were performed. The overall morbidity rate was 30% (21 @entity1 ). The mortality rate was 1% (1 @entity1 ). Twelve @entity1 (17%) developed short-term @entity260 . There were no factors found to be associated with early postoperative morbidity. The most common long-term complication was @entity253 , which occurred in 10 @entity1 (14%). @entity1 whose BDIs were repaired in the intermediate period were more likely to develop @entity253 than @entity1 with repairs performed in the immediate or late periods (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the timing of LC-BDI repair is an important determinant of long-term outcome. Repairs in the intermediate period were significantly associated with @entity253 . Thus, repairs should be undertaken either in the immediate (0-72 hours) or delayed (>6 weeks) periods after LC.

title: XXXX associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: timing of repair and long-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injuries']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['Bile duct injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-sensitivity troponin assays are now available for clinical use. We investigated whether early measurement with such an assay is superior to a conventional assay in the evaluation of @entity1187 . METHODS: @entity1 presenting to an emergency department with @entity662 who did not have ST-segment elevation were prospectively recruited from November 2007 to December 2010. @entity1 underwent serial testing with a conventional cardiac troponin I assay. Samples were also obtained at presentation and two hours later for measurement of troponin T levels using a high-sensitivity assay. The primary outcome was diagnosis of @entity583 on admission; secondary outcomes were @entity204 , @entity583 and @entity712 at one year. RESULTS: Of the 939 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 205 (21.8%) had @entity583 . By two hours after presentation, the high-sensitivity troponin T assay at the cut-off point of the 99th percentile of the general population (14 ng/L) had a sensitivity of 92.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 88.1%-95.0%) and a specificity of 79.7% (95% CI 78.6%-80.5%) for the diagnosis of non-ST-segment @entity583 . The sensitivity of the assay at presentation was 100% among @entity1 who presented four to six hours after symptom onset. By one year, the high-sensitivity troponin T assay was found to be superior than the conventional assay in predicting @entity204 (hazard ratio [HR] 5.4, 95% CI 2.7-10.7) and @entity712 (HR 27.8, 95% CI 6.6-116.4), whereas the conventional assay was superior in predicting nonfatal @entity583 (HR 4.0, 95% CI 2.4-6.7). INTERPRETATION: The high-sensitivity troponin T assay at the cut-off point of the 99th percentile was highly sensitive for the diagnosis of @entity583 by two hours after presentation and had prognostic utility beyond that of the conventional assay. To rule out @entity583 , the optimal time to test a second sample using the high-sensitivity troponin T level may be four to six hours after symptom onset, but this finding needs verification in future studies before it can become routine practice.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic utility of early measurement with high-sensitivity troponin T assay in @entity1 presenting with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare findings at nongaussian diffusional kurtosis imaging and conventional diffusion-weighted MRI as markers of adverse pathologic outcomes among @entity263 @entity1 who are active surveillance candidates and choose to undergo prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight active surveillance candidates (prostate-specific antigen concentration, < 10 ng/mL; clinical @entity5 category less than T2a; Gleason score, 3 + 3;  <= 25% of biopsy cores positive for @entity5 ;  <= 50% @entity5 involvement of any individual core;  <= 20% @entity5 involvement across all cores) who underwent prostatectomy and preoperative 3-T MRI including diffusional kurtosis imaging (b values, 0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 s/mm(2)) were included. Adverse pathologic features at prostatectomy were defined using two schemes of varying stringency. One scheme (less stringent) was presence of a Gleason score greater than 6 or extracapsular extension (n = 19). The other scheme (more stringent) was presence of a Gleason score greater than 6, extracapsular extension, or an index @entity5 10 mm or larger (n = 35). Parametric maps displaying standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), kurtosis (K) representing nongaussian diffusion behavior, and diffusion (D) representing a diffusion coefficient adjusted for nongaussian (kurtosis) behavior were reviewed, and the most abnormal region was recorded for each metric. Associations between these metrics and the presence of adverse final pathologic findings were assessed with unpaired Student t tests and receiver operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS: For both schemes, only D was significantly lower in @entity1 with adverse final pathologic findings (p = 0.006, p = 0.025). K tended to be greater in @entity1 with adverse final pathologic findings for the more stringent scheme (p = 0.072). ADC was not significantly different in the presence of adverse final pathologic findings for either scheme (p = 0.357, p = 0.383). With either scheme, D had a larger area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) for predicting adverse final pathologic results (AUC, 0.691 and 0.743) than did ADC (AUC, 0.569 and 0.655) or K (AUC, 0.617 and 0.714), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.183, p = 0.734). CONCLUSION: Preliminary results suggest that diffusional kurtosis imaging findings may have more value than findings at conventional diffusion-weighted MRI as a marker of adverse final pathologic outcome among active surveillance candidates.

title: Utility of diffusional kurtosis imaging as a marker of adverse pathologic outcomes among XXXX active surveillance candidates undergoing radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity32 and mechanical ventilation have both independently been shown to increase cytokine/chemokine levels in lung tissue and blood samples of premature @entity1 . Little is known about the combined effect of systemic @entity32 and mechanical ventilation on cytokine expression in the lung. We tested whether pre-existing @entity32 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure would modify cytokine/chemokine response in newborn @entity35 lungs to high tidal volume ventilation (HTVV). Newborn @entity35 were randomly assigned to four groups: groups I and II (saline); groups III and IV: 3 mg/kg LPS. Groups II and IV were 24h later subjected to 3h of ventilation with a tidal volume of 25 mL/kg. HTVV alone increased @entity3426 , @entity568 and the @entity17104 ( @entity17104 ) mRNA expression. Although the cytokine response to LPS alone had disappeared after 24 h, the combination of LPS pretreatment and HTVV significantly increased the expression of @entity568 and @entity3426 mRNA when compared with HTVV alone. @entity1505 expression was increased neither by HTVV alone nor in combination with LPS. @entity568 protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage increased due to the combined treatment. Thus, a subtle pre-existing @entity32 combined with HTVV amplifies the proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression in the newborn @entity35 lung compared with HTVV alone.

title: Lipopolysaccharide exposure modifies high tidal volume ventilation-induced proinflammatory mediator expression in newborn XXXX lungs.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Infection/inflammation', 'inflammation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) treatment options include pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches. In North America, psychostimulants ( @entity4944 and @entity2727 ) are considered first-line pharmacological treatments for @entity1 ( @entity1 , adolescents and adults) with @entity71 . However, in the UK, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines have placed short-acting @entity2254 as a third-line treatment option due to a lack of contemporary, published clinical trials on its efficacy and the concerns from clinical and @entity1 experts regarding the potential for increased abuse and/or misuse compared with @entity2727 . These guidelines do not account for some of the more recent @entity4944 products that have been developed to alleviate some of these concerns, but that are not currently approved in the UK or other European countries. The purpose of this review is to describe the pharmacology and clinical efficacy of various @entity4944 compositions, as well as to explore the apparent differences in these compositions and their associated risks and benefits. A PubMed literature search was conducted to investigate @entity4944 pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety and @entity71 outcomes in the published literature from 1980 through March 2011. Search terms included the keywords ' @entity71 ' or 'ADD' or ' @entity71 ' and any of the following keywords combined with 'or': ' @entity4944 ', ' @entity2254 ', 'mixed @entity4944 salts', ' @entity23695 ' and ' @entity888 '. The search included English-language primary research articles and review articles but excluded editorial articles and commentaries. The literature search resulted in 330 articles. Pertinent articles relating to @entity4944 pharmacology, compositions, clinical efficacy and safety, effectiveness and tolerability, @entity71 outcomes and abuse liability were included in this review. The different delivery profiles of @entity4944 compositions result in pharmacological and pharmacokinetic differences that contribute to varying effects in the clinical treatment of @entity71 , @entity71 outcomes and abuse liability. The efficacy and safety of @entity4944 compositions for the treatment of @entity71 have been demonstrated in clinical trials and meta-analyses, and the long-acting @entity4944 compositions have been widely studied and found efficacious without increased adverse effects. Long-acting @entity4944 compositions offer the obvious advantage of enhanced duration of action over short-acting @entity4944 compositions, and @entity23695 has been shown to have reduced abuse liability compared with short-acting @entity4944 .

title: The pharmacology and clinical outcomes of amphetamines to treat XXXX : does composition matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine', 'dexamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder', 'hyperkinetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity23695 :: ('MESH:C514020', 'Chemical') :: ['lisdexamfetamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: AIMS: Laser (radiant-heat) evoked potentials (LEPs) from vertex-EEG peak-to-peak ( @entity7442 ) amplitude were used to determine acute antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic efficacy of @entity34456 , a novel @entity13812 antagonist efficacious in preclinical @entity158 models, compared with active controls and placebo in normal and UV(B)-inflamed skin. METHODS: This was a randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, double-blind, intra-individual, crossover trial. Twenty-four healthy subjects received six sequences of single doses of @entity34456 (0.5, 2, 6 mg), @entity14296 90 mg, @entity1340 100 mg and placebo. Painful stimuli were induced by @entity515 -laser on normal and UV(B) -inflamed skin. LEPs and visual analogue scale (VAS- @entity158 ) ratings were taken at baseline and hourly up to 8 h post-dose from both skin types. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, significant mean decreases in the primary variable of LEP PtP-amplitude from UV(B)-inflamed skin were observed with @entity34456 6 mg (P < 0.001), @entity34456 2 mg (P = 0.002), @entity1340 100 mg (P < 0.001), and @entity14296 90 mg (P = 0.001) over the 8 h period; @entity34456 0.5 mg was similar to placebo. @entity34456 6 mg was superior to active controls over the 8 h period (P < 0.05) whereas @entity34456 2 mg was comparable. Improvements in VAS scores compared with placebo were observed with @entity34456 6 mg (P < 0.001) and @entity34456 2 mg (P = 0.002). @entity34456 average plasma concentrations were 1.3, 4.4 and 9.4 ng ml(-1) for the 0.5, 2 and 6 mg doses, respectively. There were no clinically significant safety findings. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13812 antagonism appears promising in the management of clinical @entity158 , but requires further investigation.

title: An oral @entity13812 antagonist attenuates laser radiant-heat-evoked potentials and XXXX ratings from UV(B)-inflamed and normal skin.

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity14296 :: ('MESH:C422649', 'Chemical') :: ['etoricoxib']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: With progression of cervicothoracic @entity1513 (CTK), @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) @entity1 suffer functional disability. Surgical correction still poses neurologic risks, while evidence of an ideal technique preventing its complications is weak. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report our results with non-instrumented correction in perspective of a review of literature, serving as an important historical control. Database review identified 18 @entity1691 @entity1 with CTK correction. After application of a Halo-Thoracic-Cast (HTC) @entity1 underwent posterior non-instrumented open-wedge osteotomy at C7/T1 and osteotomy closure by threaded HTC-rod adjustments. Postoperative gradual HTC correction was continued for 2-4 weeks. @entity1 were invited for follow-up and medical charts were reviewed for demographics, surgical details, complications and outcomes. The @entity1 ' preoperative, postoperative, before HTC removal and follow-up photographs were analyzed for the Chin-Brow-Vertical-Angle (CBVA), radiographs for the CTK angle. RESULTS: @entity1 ' age was 50    11 years, follow-up was 37    47 months and CBVA correction was 25      9   (p < 0.000001). The final radiographic correction at follow-up was 20      11   (p = 0.00002). At the latest follow-up, three @entity1 judged their outcome as excellent, nine good, three moderate and one poor. Upon invitation, seven @entity1 appeared with follow-up averaging 87 months. Neck- @entity158 disability index was 8    14 %. Two @entity1 died, three were lost, one had revision elsewhere and five just had a routine follow-up. Six @entity1 sustained a minor and ten a major complication. Revisions were indicated in five @entity1 including infection, @entity614 and neurologic events by translation at the osteotomy. A total of 44 % of @entity1 showed translation at the osteotomy indicating acute surgery with instrumentation twice after osteotomy closure, three @entity1 had a revision posterior decompression and instrumented fusion for sequels related to translation. CONCLUSION: With the non-instrumented HTC-based technique, average CBVA correction of 25   was achieved and all @entity1 were ambulatory at follow-up. However, regarding translation at the osteotomy, loss of correction, morbidity of the HTC and lack of control at the osteotomy instrumentation-based correction and instrumented fusion seem to be preferable.

title: Non-instrumented correction of cervicothoracic XXXX in @entity1691 : a critical analysis on the results of open-wedge osteotomy C7-T1 with gradual Halo-Thoracic-Cast based correction.

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['C8-radiculopathy']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['kyphosis']


abstract: Functional and morphologic techniques were used to study the renal changes induced by a long-term exposure of normal @entity35 to @entity205 ( @entity870 ), as well as their potential reversibility. @entity870 treatment for 3 months resulted in a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as compared with vehicle-treated animals. Histological examination of the kidneys showed mild @entity8 characterized by @entity2806 , @entity7622 , and @entity2316 in the @entity870 -treated group, but not in the vehicle-treated group. @entity4434 and limited areas of interstitial @entity82 were also present in the @entity870 group. A complete reconstruction of glomerular corpuscle was used to evaluate the consequence of @entity870 -induced @entity8 on capillary tuft volume. The results showed that in @entity35 administered @entity870 for 3 months glomerular volume distribution was shifted toward small glomeruli. Prolongation of @entity870 administration for 5 months did not result in a further decrease in GFR, and was associated with the appearance of a subset of glomeruli that became larger than normal. We have also investigated whether, once established, @entity870 -induced @entity8 is reversible. In @entity35 that were administered @entity870 for 3 months and then treatment discontinued for 2 months, GFR returned to pretreatment values and partial reversibility of morphologic changes was observed. Morphometric analysis showed that 2 months after withdrawal of @entity870 , glomerular volume distribution was almost comparable to that observed in vehicle-treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Morphometrical analysis of glomerular changes induced by XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'renal injury', 'glomerular damage']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['intracapillary hypercellularity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['Proximal tubular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['increased mesangial matrix']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rapid and specific molecular tests for identification of the recently identified pandemic @entity778 as well as rapid molecular tests to identify antiviral resistant strains are urgently needed. OBJECTIVES: We have evaluated the performance of two novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) targeting specifically hemagglutinin and @entity689 of pandemic @entity778 in combination with a conserved matrix PCR. In addition, we investigated the performance of a novel discrimination RT-PCR for detection of the @entity15998 resistance mutation in the @entity689 gene. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical performance of both subtype specific RT-PCR assays was evaluated through analysis of 684 throat swaps collected from individuals meeting the WHO case definition for the novel pandemic @entity683 virus. Analytical performance was analyzed through testing of 10-fold serial dilutions of RNA derived from the first Dutch sequenced and cultured confirmed case of novel pandemic @entity281 . Specificity and discriminative capacities of the @entity15998 discrimination assay were performed by testing wild type and recombinant @entity15998 pandemic @entity683 . RESULTS: 121 throat swaps collected from April 2009 to July 2009 were positive by at least two out of three RT-PCRs, and negative for the seasonal H3/H1 subtype specific RT-PCR assays. 117 of these were tested positive for all three (Ct-values from 15.1 to 36.8). No @entity684 resistance was detected. CONCLUSIONS: We present a sensitive and specific approach for detection of pandemic @entity683 and a rapid RT-PCR assay detecting a primary @entity684 resistance mutation which can be incorporated easily into clinical virology algorithms.

title: Evaluation of a rapid molecular algorithm for detection of pandemic @entity778 and screening for a key XXXX resistance ( @entity15998 ) substitution in @entity689 .

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus', 'influenza A/H1N1 virus']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A/H1N1 2009']

answer: @entity684 :: (MESH:D053139,Chemical) :: ['oseltamivir']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molar pregnancy is a rare form of pregnancy, affecting approximately 1 in 1000 pregnancies in the United States. @entity1378 is a rare complication of @entity1475 ; @entity3935 occurs even less frequently. OBJECTIVES: To discuss a rare cause of @entity3935 in a @entity1 of reproductive age. CASE REPORT: A 17-year-old @entity1 presented to a community hospital's Emergency Department (ED) after experiencing 1 week of palpitations and @entity591 . The @entity591 partially responded to administration of @entity460 channel blockers and beta-blockers. The @entity1 was transferred to a tertiary care center for further evaluation. At the tertiary center, pregnancy was confirmed, @entity3935 was diagnosed, and ultrasound examination yielded a snowstorm image, indicating a @entity1475 . The @entity1 was admitted to the intensive care unit for management. Dilatation and curettage resolved her symptoms, and after a 9-day hospital stay, she was discharged home on @entity2165 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid storm induced by @entity1469 should be considered in any @entity1 of childbearing age who presents with symptoms suggestive of @entity1378 .

title: Molar pregnancy-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid storm']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['molar pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity3935 :: (MESH:D013958,Disease) :: ['thyroid storm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective treatment and prevention of @entity221 and shivering-like @entity400 during labor is hindered by a poor understanding of their causes. The authors sought to identify the incidence of nonthermoregulatory shivering-like @entity400 and the factors associated with this activity. METHODS: The authors studied @entity1 in spontaneous full-term labor who chose epidural analgesia (n = 21) or opioid sedation (n = 31). Shivering-like @entity400 and sweating were evaluated by observation. Core temperature was recorded in the external auditory canal using a compensated infrared thermometer. Arteriovenous shunt tone was evaluated with forearm minus fingertip skin temperature gradients; gradients less than 0 were considered evidence of vasodilation. @entity400 was considered nonthermoregulatory when core temperature exceeded 37 degrees C and the arms were vasodilated. @entity158 was evaluated using a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Shivering-like @entity400 was observed in 18% of 290, 30-min data-acquisition epochs before delivery. The @entity1 were both normothermic and vasodilated during 15% of these epochs. Shivering was observed in 16% of 116 postdelivery epochs and was nonthermoregulatory in 28%. Sweating was observed in 30% of predelivery epochs, and the @entity1 were both hypothermic and vasoconstricted during 12%. The mean core temperature in @entity1 given epidural analgesia was approximately 0.2 degrees C greater than in those given sedation. @entity221 was observed during 10 epochs (38.4+/-0.3 degrees C) during epidural analgesia and during 10 epochs (38.4+/-0.3 degrees C) with sedation. The @entity1 were vasoconstricted in more than 50% of these epochs in each group. Multivariate mixed-effects modeling identified high @entity158 scores and vasoconstriction as significant predictors of shivering. There were no predictors for shivering epochs in @entity1 who were simultaneously normothermic and vasodilated. Significant predictors of sweating were time before delivery, high @entity158 scores, @entity2332 with vasoconstriction, high thermal comfort, and low mean skin temperature. There were no predictors for sweating epochs in @entity1 who were simultaneously hypothermic and vasoconstricted. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the clinical impression that some peripartum shivering-like @entity400 is nonthermoregulatory. The authors also identified nonthermoregulatory sweating. These data indicate that shivering-like @entity400 and sweating in the peripartum period is multifactorial.

title: Shivering and shivering-like XXXX during labor with and without epidural analgesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Tremor', 'tremor']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe how the types of healthcare expenditures for @entity1 with @entity565 have changed over the past decade. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison between individuals from 1996 to 1998 and 2004 to 2006. METHODS: Expenditures among US individuals (aged 5 to 56 years) with @entity565 were compared using the 1996 to 1998 and the 2004 to 2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. Direct expenditures (medications, inpatient, outpatient, and emergency services) and changes in productivity (missed school and work days) were compared over this time frame. The adjusted analyses controlled for age, education level, race/ethnicity, gender, poverty, region, metropolitan statistical area, self-reported health, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. RESULTS: Mean annual per capita healthcare expenditures increased between 1996 to 1998 and 2004 to 2006 ( 3802 vs  5322 inflated to 2010 US dollars, P <.0001). Annual medication expenditures doubled from  974 to  2010 per @entity1 (P <.0001) and outpatient visit expenditures increased from  861 to  1174 (P <.0001) while hospitalization and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visit expenditures were similar over the same time period. Missed school and work days decreased between the 2 periods (9.23 days in 1996-1998 vs 6.39 days in 2004-2006, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: An increase in total direct expenditures in individuals with @entity565 was largely driven by an increase in spending on medications comparing 2004 to 2006 and 1996 to 1998 data. However, this increase was not offset by lower spending on hospitalization and @entity341 visits.

title: XXXX in the United States comparing 2004 to 2006 and 1996 to 1998.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma expenditures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation may reduce @entity65 and morbidity rates in @entity1 with @entity453 . The specific relationship between cardiac rehabilitation participation and left main @entity3979 is unknown. DESIGN: Prospective registry analysis. METHODS: Data from a registry of 3120 @entity1 with left main @entity3979 , collected between 1995 and 2010, were analyzed. A total of 596 @entity1 (19.6%) had participated in a cardiac rehabilitation program. RESULTS: The crude seven-year mortality, @entity65 , target-vessel revascularization and @entity583 rates were significantly lower in the cardiac rehabilitation than in the non-rehabilitation group, and the incidence of @entity64 tended to be lower in the cardiac rehabilitation group. Multivariate analysis showed that cardiac rehabilitation was associated with significantly lower risks of mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49-1.00; p   =   0.05) and @entity65 (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.97; p   =   0.03). However, the adjusted HR of @entity583 , target-vessel revascularization and @entity64 did not differ significantly. Propensity score-matched analysis of 507 pairs showed that cardiac rehabilitation was associated with significant decreases in mortality (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.89; p   =   0.009) and @entity65 (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.36-0.80; p   =   0.002) but had no beneficial effects on @entity583 , target-vessel revascularization or @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation participation was associated with significant decreases in mortality. Our findings show that cardiac rehabilitation programs should be implemented in standard management for @entity1 with left main @entity3979 .

title: Impact of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on long-term clinical outcomes in XXXX with left main @entity3979 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Elevated high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) is related to clinical outcome in @entity453 . We used virtual histology intravascular ultrasound to evaluate the relationship between serum hs-CRP level and coronary plaque composition in @entity1 with @entity5749 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Overall 113 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5749 who had a de-novo culprit lesion were examined in this study. @entity1 were divided into an elevated hs-CRP group (>3 mg/l; n=40) or a normal hs-CRP group (n=73). Grayscale and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound analysis was performed across the entire culprit lesion. Mean plaque area was similar in both groups. Lesion length (18+/-5 vs. 16+/-6 mm, P<0.046) was significantly greater in the elevated hs-CRP group than that in the normal hs-CRP group. Although the percentage of dense @entity460 , fibrofatty tissue, and fibrous tissue was not different between the two groups, the percentage of @entity39 core was significantly greater in the elevated hs-CRP group compared with the normal hs-CRP group (20+/-9 vs. 16+/-8%, P=0.014). The percentage of @entity39 core was positively correlated with the serum hs-CRP level (r=0.20, P=0.037). A multivariate logistic regression model showed that the percentage of @entity39 core was associated with elevated hs-CRP (P=0.019; odds ratio=1.1; 95% confidence interval=1.01-1.12). CONCLUSION: Elevated hs-CRP was related to the amount of @entity39 core in the culprit lesion of @entity5749 . Our results suggest that elevated hs-CRP might reflect the inflammatory activity of the @entity453 even in the setting of @entity5749 .

title: High-sensitivity @entity1851 and plaque composition in @entity1 with XXXX : a virtual histology intravascular ultrasound study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic plaque', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5749 :: (MESH:D060050,Disease) :: ['stable angina pectoris']


abstract: Alloiococcus otitidis is a recently discovered bacterium frequently associated with @entity2346 media. However, no study is available as to whether @entity1129 has a pathogenic role and induces local immune response in the middle ear as a true pathogen. Whole bacterial sonicate of @entity1129 was separated by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE), and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. Then, Western blot analysis was performed with supernatant of the @entity2171 from @entity1 with @entity1129 -positive @entity2346 media. @entity214 -PAGE of the bacterial sonicate showed several protein bands, designated A1- @entity21844 . Western blot analysis revealed the presence of IgG, secretory IgA, IgG2, and IgM against @entity1129 in the @entity2171 . Absorption of the specimens with sonicates of other major middle ear pathogens did not alter the reactivity of antibodies against the alloiococcal antigens. The results suggest that specific local immune response against @entity1129 is induced during @entity2172 of the organism as a true pathogen. A5, A6 or @entity21844 is expected to be a main antigenic determinant. This is the first report to show evidence of local antibody response against @entity1129 and to disclose antigenic components of @entity1129 .

title: Evidence of local antibody response against Alloiococcus otitidis in the middle ear cavity of @entity1 with XXXX media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear infection']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusions']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: Acute @entity301 includes @entity1459 and @entity583 with or without ST-segment elevation, is life-threatening disorders that remain a source of high morbidity and mortality despite advances in treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic role of serum @entity6949 , CK-MB, hsCRP, @entity3335 and @entity3876 in newly diagnosed @entity1187 @entity1 . This cohort study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in cooperation with the Department of Cardiology, BSMMU and NICVD during the period of March 2013 to February 2014. A total 100 newly diagnosed @entity1187 @entity1 were purposively enrolled in this study within 24 hours of attacked, among them 30 were NSTEMI, 65 were STEMI and 5 were @entity1459 . Serum @entity6949 , CK-MB, hsCRP, @entity3335 and @entity3876 concentrations were measured at enrollment and grouping of the study subjects were done on the basis of their empirical cut off values into two groups. In @entity6949 : Group I (n=20) having @entity6949 <4ng/ml and Group II (n=80) having @entity6949 >= 4ng/ml. In CK-MB: Group I (n=18) having CK-MB <10ng/ml and Group II (n= 82) having CK-MB >= 10ng/ml. In hsCRP: Group I (n=36) having hsCRP <5mg/L and Group II (n=64) having hsCRP >= 5mg/L. In @entity3335 : Group I (n=30) having @entity3335 <285.5pmol/L and Group II (n=70) having @entity3335 >= 285.5pmol/L. In @entity3876 : Group I (n=26) having @entity3876 <135pg/ml and Group II (n=74) having @entity3876 >= 135pg/ml. All the study subjects were treated and managed identically by standard management protocol and were followed up periodically up to three months from the onset of events during hospital stay and after discharge. Clinical outcomes of the study subjects such as good recovery, morbidity (recurrent ACS, @entity712 , @entity943 and revascularization) and mortality were evaluated with respect to their base line @entity6949 , CK-MB, hsCRP, @entity3335 and @entity3876 concentrations. Increased levels of base line cardiac biomarkers in Group II @entity1 showed significantly high morbidity and mortality @entity6949 (p=0.044), CK-MB (p=0.045), hsCRP (p=0.009), @entity3335 (p=0.003), and @entity3876 (p=0.001) in compared to Group I. In relative risk ratio analysis showed significantly worse outcome in Group II @entity1187 @entity1 in comparison to Group I. In case of @entity6949 RR - 1.85 at 95% CI 1.19-2.88, in case of CK-MB RR- 1.88 at 95% CI 1.21-2.92, in case of hsCRP RR- 2.05 at 95% CI 1.30-3.25, in case of @entity3335 RR- 2.59, at 95% CI 1.49-4.49, and in case of @entity3876 RR- 3.47 at 95% CI 2.5-5.36. It was concluded from this study that base line serum @entity6949 , CK-MB, hsCRP, @entity3335 , and @entity3876 can be used clinically as prognostic biomarkers of @entity1187 .

title: Prognostic Role of Multiple Cardiac Biomarkers in Newly Diagnosed Acute XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['Coronary Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-25-nucleotides regulatory non-protein-coding RNA molecules that regulate the expressions of a wide variety of genes, including some involved in @entity5 development. In this study, we investigated the possible role of @entity6957 in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: Expression levels of @entity1 mature miRNAs were examined using real-time PCR-based expression arrays on paired @entity14 and adjacent non-cancerous colonic tissues. The downregulation of @entity6957 was further evaluated in @entity694 cell lines and in paired @entity14 and adjacent non-cancerous colonic tissues by qRT-PCR. Potential targets of @entity6957 were defined. The functional effect of @entity6957 and its targets was investigated in @entity1 @entity694 cell lines to confirm miRNA-target association. RESULTS: Both real-time PCR-based expression arrays and qRT-PCR showed that @entity6957 was frequently downregulated in 87.5% (35 of 40) of @entity14 tissues compared with their adjacent non-cancerous colonic tissues. Using in silico predictions, @entity15786 ( @entity15786 ) was defined as a potential target of @entity6957 . Restoration of the @entity6957 expression in colon cell lines decreased @entity5 cell growth and soft-agar colony formation, and downregulated the @entity15786 expression in both mRNA and protein levels. @entity15786 was shown to be a direct target of @entity6957 by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, the @entity6957 expression was observed to be inversely correlated with @entity15786 mRNA and protein expression in @entity14 tissues. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity6957 regulates @entity15786 in @entity14 . These findings elucidated a @entity5 -suppressive role of @entity6957 in the epigenetic aberration of @entity14 , providing a potential development of miRNA-based targeted approaches for @entity14 therapy.

title: MicroRNA-143 targets DNA methyltransferases 3A in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity15786 :: ('1788', 'Gene') :: ['DNMT3A', 'DNA methyltranferase 3A']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Liver transplant is an important treatment option for @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) within Milan criteria. We sought to determine the rate of complete @entity5 @entity39 after bridging therapy. METHODS: The medical records of all 178 @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation between January 1, 2008 and July 31, 2015 were reviewed. Response to therapy by imaging was based on mRECIST criteria (1). RESULTS: Sixty-three (35%) @entity1 had @entity157 . Forty-three (68%) were treated with at least one bridging therapy and 14 (22%) were diagnosed incidentally. Eighteen (42%) underwent @entity3375 and 25 (58%) underwent ablation. Twenty (80%) @entity1 who underwent ablation and nine (60%) who underwent @entity3375 had complete response based on imaging. Viable @entity5 was identified in explant pathology in 32 @entity1 (74%). The presence or absence of viable @entity5 was not associated with overall survival. CONCLUSION: Rates of viable @entity5 based on pathologic analysis in the hepatic explant were high after bridging therapy, but not associated with worse outcome. We conclude that serial bridging to achieve complete pathologic @entity5 response is not needed prior to transplant for @entity157 , and presence of complete response by imaging is adequate. Further studies are needed to determine if @entity5 cells that appear viable are alive.

title: Pretransplant Locoregional Therapy for XXXX : Evaluation of Explant Pathology and Overall Survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: A 69-year-old male @entity1 underwent excision of @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) affecting both gluteal areas and the perineum. The perineal specimen contained a 1-cm superficially invasive, well-differentiated @entity957 . The @entity1 was free of recurrence 1 year after surgery. A 66-year-old male @entity1 was diagnosed with massive perineal @entity1751 more than 40 years previously. More than 30 abscesses and suppurative sinus tracts were surgically treated over the years. He eventually died of unresectable pelvic @entity957 . Search of the literature and available bibliography revealed 47 retrospective studies of @entity1489 arising in @entity1751 since 1959, including a total of 64 @entity1 together with the two @entity1 treated by our team. @entity957 is a rare but potentially fatal complication of @entity1751 . Surgery is the only known treatment method that provides a real chance for cure for both @entity1751 and a @entity189 that complicates it. @entity1751 must be treated early with complete excision to avoid chronic progression of the disease that can cause @entity5 . A high index of suspicion, early tissue diagnosis, and immediate referral for radical surgery carry the only hope for cure in those whose @entity1751 harbors @entity5 .

title: XXXX complicating chronic suppurative hydradenitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['hidradenitis suppurativa', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous degeneration', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous carcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: We investigated the implication of PKA and @entity32236 proteins in the endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effects of @entity1919 ( @entity268 ). MAIN METHODS: Cytosolic @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]c) was measured by @entity593 imaging in @entity35 aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). Contraction-relaxation experiments were performed in @entity35 aortic rings deprived of endothelium. KEY FINDINGS: In extracellular @entity141 -free solution, @entity268 -elevating agents induced an increase in [ @entity141 ]c in RASMC that was reproduced by PKA and @entity32236 activation and reduced after depletion of intracellular @entity141 reservoirs. @entity5463 ( @entity28207 )-evoked increase of [ @entity141 ]c and store-operated @entity141 entry (SOCE) were inhibited by @entity268 -elevating agents, PKA or @entity32236 activation in these cells. In aortic rings, the contractions induced by @entity2647 in absence of extracellular @entity141 were inhibited by @entity268 -elevating agents, PKA or @entity32236 activation. In these conditions, reintroduction of @entity141 induced a contraction that was inhibited by @entity268 -elevating agents, an effect reduced by PKA inhibition and reproduced by PKA or @entity32236 activators. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that increased @entity268 depletes intracellular, @entity2426 -sensitive @entity141 stores through activation of PKA and @entity32236 in RASMC, thus reducing the amount of @entity141 released by IP3-generating agonists during the contraction of @entity35 aorta. @entity268 rise also inhibits the contraction induced by depletion of intracellular @entity141 , an effect mediated by reduction of SOCE after PKA or @entity32236 activation. Both effects participate in the @entity268 -induced endothelium-independent vasorelaxation.

title: Activation of PKA and @entity32236 proteins by XXXX depletes intracellular calcium stores and reduces calcium availability for vasoconstriction.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine-vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: @entity8855 ( @entity8855 ) is the most characteristic lesion of chronic @entity9909 nephrotoxicity. This study was performed to compare the inter-observer reproducibility of @entity8855 scoring using Banff criteria and a newly proposed criterion. Forty-five nonprotocol post-transplant biopsies from 38 @entity1 immunosuppressed with @entity1140 or @entity205 (CsA) were included. The severity of @entity8855 was blindly scored by three observers. According to the new criteria, @entity8855 is graded based on circular vs. noncircular involvement and the number of arterioles involved. The kappa statistics were used to assess the inter-observer reproducibility. Twenty-seven (60%) biopsies showed @entity8855 . The @entity8855 grades by both criteria were correlated with serum @entity1011 at biopsy and inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p < 0.05). The recent @entity8855 criteria improved the mean pairwise agreement (79.4% vs. 68%) and the overall kappa value (0.67 vs. 0.52) (p = 0.02) compared to Banff criteria. The mean inter-slide variation using Banff and the new criterion were 23% and 27.6%, respectively (p > 0.05). The new @entity8855 criterion results in better inter-observer reproducibility, and is clinically validated against serum @entity1011 and estimated GFR. There is substantial intra-biopsy variation, therefore, evaluation of more than one section is crucial to determine severity of @entity16 more accurately.

title: Reproducibility studies on arteriolar hyaline thickening scoring in XXXX -treated renal allograft recipients.

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['AH', 'Arteriolar hyaline thickening']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar damage']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity9909 :: (23523,Gene) :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']


abstract: RATIONALE: Cross-sectional studies demonstrate an association between @entity209 and @entity73 . OBJECTIVES: To define if @entity209 biomarkers are risk factors for loss of lung function after irritant exposure. METHODS: A nested case-control study of Fire Department of New York personnel with normal pre-September 11th FEV(1) and who presented for subspecialty pulmonary evaluation before March 10, 2008. We correlated @entity209 biomarkers obtained within 6 months of World Trade Center dust exposure with subsequent FEV(1). FEV(1) at subspecialty pulmonary evaluation within 6.5 years defined disease status; cases had FEV(1) less than lower limit of normal, whereas control subjects had FEV(1) greater than or equal to lower limit of normal. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Clinical data and serum sampled at the first monitoring examination within 6 months of September 11, 2001, assessed body mass index, heart rate, serum @entity413 , @entity1674 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), leptin, pancreatic polypeptide, and @entity2532 . Cases and control subjects had significant differences in HDL less than 40 mg/dl with @entity1674 greater than or equal to 150 mg/dl, heart rate greater than or equal to 66 bpm, and leptin greater than or equal to 10,300 pg/ml. Each increased the odds of abnormal FEV(1) at pulmonary evaluation by more than twofold, whereas @entity2532 greater than or equal to 116 pg/ml decreased the odds by 84%, in a multibiomarker model adjusting for age, race, body mass index, and World Trade Center arrival time. This model had a sensitivity of 41%, a specificity of 86%, and a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.77. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal @entity1674 and HDL and elevated heart rate and leptin are independent risk factors of greater susceptibility to lung function impairment after September 11, 2001, whereas elevated @entity2532 is protective. Metabolic biomarkers are predictors of @entity358 , and may be useful for assessing risk of @entity73 in response to particulate inhalation.

title: @entity209 biomarkers XXXX : a nested case-control study.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired lung function']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['predict lung function impairment']