abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity254 of the nerve especially at narrow surgical field and presence of surgical tension is not easily accessible. DuraSeal demonstrates strong adhesive power without producing @entity2359 . Herein, we evaluate the possibility of DuraSeal as a substitute in the repair of sciatic @entity128 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The nerve gap model was constructed by excising the sciatic nerve (5mm in length) in @entity35 leaving a 5mm nerve defect between nerve @entity9 . Animals were categorized into four groups: Group I: no treatment; Group II: 4 stitches suture; Group III: nerve approximation fixed by tissue glue; Group IV: nerve approximation fixed by DuraSeal. The motor function assessment included the CatWalk and SFI as well as electrophysiological studies. Nerve continuity and regeneration was examined at 1 and 8 wk after injury. The inflammatory cells, Schwann cell apoptosis, and Schwann cell proliferation were also investigated 1 wk after injury. RESULTS: The achievement of nerve continuity and myelination by DuraSeal approached that of suture demonstrated by @entity1686 and Luxol Fast Blue staining at 1 and 8 wk, respectively. Motor function and electrophysiological parameters were restored in DuraSeal and suture group. Early expression of neurofilament and @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) was also observed in these two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in deposits of macrophages and neutrophil cells or cell apoptosis among these four groups. CONCLUSIONS: DuraSeal achieved the same nerve regeneration compared with that of suture and produced better regeneration than that of the tissue glue or without any treatment. The accomplishment of nerve regeneration and continuity without causing @entity2359 justifies using DuraSeal as a ligature in the @entity254 of @entity128 .

title: DuraSeal as a ligature in the XXXX of @entity35 sciatic @entity128 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['crystal violet']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve gap injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['stumps']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether higher @entity410 ( @entity410 ) attenuates the mortality risk associated with higher @entity1386 in adults with @entity101 ( @entity101 ) is poorly understood. METHODS: @entity1 were 13,155 @entity1 (mean age, 47.7 (s.d., 9.9) years) who completed a baseline health examination and maximal treadmill exercise test during 1974-2003. All @entity1 had @entity101 at baseline based on resting systolic blood pressure of > or =140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure > or =90 mm Hg. @entity410 was quantified as the duration of a symptom-limited maximal treadmill exercise test, and was grouped for analysis as low (lowest 20%), moderate (middle 40%), and high (upper 40%). Distributions of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and percent body fat (%BF) were grouped according to standard clinical guidelines. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 12 years, 883 deaths (355 @entity65 ( @entity65 )) were recorded. Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality, using low-fitness as the reference group, were 0.58 (0.48-0.69) and 0.43 (0.35-0.54) for moderate-fit and high-fit groups, respectively. We observed a similar pattern for @entity65 mortality. High-fit/obese @entity1 had no greater risk of all-cause (1.59 (0.95-2.67)) or @entity65 (1.23 (0.44-3.41)) @entity204 , high-fit/abdominal-obese @entity1 had no greater risk for all-cause (1.20 (0.80-1.78)) or @entity65 (0.62 (0.25-1.53)) @entity204 , and high-fit/percent body fat (%BF)-obese @entity1 had no greater risk for all-cause (1.19 (0.90-1.56)) or @entity65 (0.86 (0.52-1.43)) @entity204 compared with their high-fit/normal counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Fitness is a powerful effect modifier in the association of @entity1386 to mortality in @entity1 with @entity101 , negating the all-cause and @entity65 mortality risk associated with @entity28 .

title: The joint effects of @entity410 and @entity1386 on mortality risk in XXXX with @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECT: In this paper, the authors' goal was to determine whether benign pineal cysts have smooth walls or internal structure on high-resolution MR imaging and to evaluate their imaging characteristics on FLAIR images. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the MR imaging findings in 60 consecutive @entity1 who were reported to have pineal cysts over a 19-month period. @entity1 were identified retrospectively using a word search of radiology reports. Of these 60 @entity1 , 24 with stable follow-up imaging or pathological proof of a pineal cyst were included in this study. In all cases, axial or sagittal FLAIR images were available, and in 10 of 24 @entity1 the authors obtained sagittal images using fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA). For those cases in which FIESTA studies were obtained, the authors classified the cysts into 1 of 4 categories based on their appearance. Eighteen of 24 cases were performed with intravenous contrast. RESULTS: Of the 24 cases, 21 had signal intensity on FLAIR images that differed from that of CSF. Of the 10 cases with FIESTA, 6 had evidence of internal structure within the pineal cyst. The authors found it of interest that 20 of the 24 @entity1 were female. CONCLUSIONS: Although the presence of a thin wall supports the diagnosis of a benign pineal cyst, fine internal septations or small internal cysts are common on high-resolution MR imaging and this finding should not be considered evidence of an underlying @entity5 . It is typical for pineal cysts to have relaxation times that differ from CSF as determined by FLAIR imaging.

title: Internal structure in pineal cysts on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging: not a sign of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: Phosphorylation and inactivation of @entity6913 ( @entity6913 ) is observed in the failing heart induced by chronic pharmacological stress and aortic banding. Constitutive kinase activity attenuates pathological remodelling, suggesting an obligatory role in stress signalling. However, this has been challenged by recent data whereby conditional @entity6913 deletion has been shown to protect against post- @entity1188 remodelling. Here, we set out to determine the chronic remodelling response to @entity1188 in hearts of @entity21042 /b(Ala21/9) knockin (KI) @entity19 encoding constitutively active @entity6913 isoforms. At 4 weeks after @entity1188 there were significant increases in normalised heart weight and left ventricular (LV) muscle volume compared to sham in both KI and wild type animals. This was associated with an increase in LV cavity dimensions and remote LV wall thickness. @entity1184 in both genotypes resulted in marked @entity73 on both invasive and non-invasive interrogation. Increased phosphorylation of @entity6913 , but not @entity21042 , was demonstrated at 1 week after @entity1188 and remained elevated at 4 weeks compared to sham-treated hearts. In conclusion, @entity6913 phosphorylation and inactivation occurs with, but is not an obligatory signalling event in, chronic post- @entity1188 remodelling in the @entity19 heart. This highlights the heterogeneity of pathological @entity1184 and the divergent role of @entity6913 signalling in chronic myocardial stress.

title: Myocardial stress remodelling after regional XXXX is independent of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inactivation.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['contractile impairment']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Accurate prediction of safe remnant liver volume to minimize complications following liver resection remains challenging. The aim of this study was to assess whether quantification of @entity1560 improved the predictive value of preoperative volumetric analysis. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 undergoing planned right or extended right hemi-hepatectomy for colorectal metastases were recruited prospectively. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the level of @entity1560 and future remnant liver volume. These data were correlated with data on postoperative @entity7752 , complications and hospital stay. Correlations of remnant percentage, remnant mass to @entity1 mass and remnant mass to body surface area with and without @entity1560 measurements were assessed. RESULTS: In 10 of the 30 @entity1 the planned liver resection was altered. Moderate-severe postoperative @entity409 was seen in 17 @entity1 . Complications arose in 14 @entity1 . The median level of @entity1560 was 3.8% (range: 1.2-17.6%), but was higher in @entity1 (n= 10) who received preoperative chemotherapy (P= 0.124), in whom the median level was 4.8% (range: 1.5-17.6%). The strongest correlation was that of remnant liver mass to @entity1 mass (r= 0.77, P < 0.001). However, the addition of @entity1560 quantification did not improve this correlation (r= 0.76, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to combine volumetric with @entity1560 quantifications. No significant benefit was seen in this small pilot. However, these techniques may be useful in operative planning, particularly in @entity1 receiving preoperative chemotherapy.

title: Role of quantification of XXXX and future remnant volume in predicting @entity409 and complications after liver resection for colorectal metastases: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insufficiency']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['hepatic steatosis']


abstract: Endothelial-dependent regulation of vascular tone occurs in part via protein kinase G1a-mediated changes in smooth muscle myofilament sensitivity to @entity141 . Tissue-specific differences in @entity6709 -dependent relaxation have been attributed to altered expression of myofilament-associated proteins that are substrates for @entity6709 binding. These include the alternative splicing of the myosin targeting subunit ( @entity31050 ) of myosin light chain phosphatase to yield @entity368 zipper positive (LZ(+)) and negative (LZ(-)) isovariants, with the former being required for @entity6709 -mediated relaxation, and/or altered expressions of @entity19077 , @entity19319 ( @entity19319 ) or @entity1457 protein @entity21007 . During @entity1 pregnancy the uterine and placental circulations remain distinct entities and, as such, their mechanisms of vascular tone regulation may differ. Indeed, the sensitivity of myometrial arteries to endothelial-dependent agonists has been suggested to be greater than that of placental arteries. We tested the hypothesis that this was related to tissue-specific changes in @entity6709 -mediated myofilament @entity141 -desensitization and/or the expressions of @entity6709 -interacting myofilament-associated proteins. Permeabilized @entity1 placental and myometrial arteries were constricted with maximal activating @entity141 (pCa 4.5), or sub-maximal @entity141 (pCa 6.7) and the thrombane mimetic @entity2872 , and exposed to @entity11255 . In each case, relaxation was significantly greater in myometrial arteries (e.g. relaxation in pCa 4.5 to @entity11255 was 49    9.7%, n = 7) than placental arteries (relaxation of 23    6.6%, n = 6, P < 0.05). @entity31050 protein levels, or @entity31050 LZ(+)/LZ(-) mRNA ratios, were similar for both artery types. Of other proteins examined, only @entity21007 expression was significantly elevated in myometrial arteries than placental arteries. These results demonstrate that the reduced @entity1 placental artery relaxation to @entity6709 stimulation lies partly at the level of myofilament (de)activation and may be related to a lower expression of @entity21007 than in myometrial arteries.

title: Differential vasodilation of @entity1 placental and myometrial arteries related to myofilament @entity141 -desensitization and the expression of @entity21007 but not XXXX .

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity19319 :: ('7408', 'Gene') :: ['VASP', 'vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein']

answer: @entity31050 :: (4659,Gene) :: ['MYPT1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pathological studies indicate @entity4937 are @entity146 , but a definitive diagnosis is difficult using conventional endoscopy alone. The vessels within an epithelial circle (VEC) pattern, visualized using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI), may be a feature of @entity4937 . The aims of our study were to investigate whether the VEC pattern is useful in the preoperative diagnosis of @entity4937 and to determine whether VEC-positive @entity420 are more malignant than VEC-negative lesions. @entity1 AND MATERIALS: From 395 consecutive early @entity356 resected using the endoscopic submucosal dissection method, we analyzed 35 VEC-positive lesions and 70 VEC-negative control lesions matched for size and macroscopic type. We evaluated (1) the correlation between the incidence of @entity5 and the histological papillary structure and (2) differences in the incidence of coexisting @entity189 in @entity30956 and the incidence of @entity1350 . RESULTS: Histological papillary structure was seen in 94  % (33/35) of VEC-positive and 9  % (6/70) of @entity5 , a significant difference (P  <  0.001). The incidence of coexisting @entity189 was 23  % (8/35) in VEC-positive and 3  % (2/70) in @entity5 (P  =  0.002). The incidence of @entity3 by the @entity189 was 26  % (9/35) in @entity5 and 10  % (7/70) in @entity5 (P  =  0.045). CONCLUSIONS: The VEC pattern as visualized using ME-NBI is a promising preoperative diagnostic marker of @entity4937 . Coexisting @entity189 and @entity3 were each seen in approximately one fourth of @entity5 .

title: The vessels within epithelial circle (VEC) pattern as visualized by magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) is a useful marker for the diagnosis of XXXX : a case-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity30956 :: ('MESH:C538090', 'Disease') :: ['VEC-positive and VEC-negative cancers']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['more aggressive than tubular adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['VEC-negative cancers', 'VEC-positive cancers']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinomas', 'papillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal and vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

answer: @entity4937 :: (MESH:D000231,Disease) :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify functional @entity3646 ( @entity9597 ( @entity9597 ) subtypes and associated Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) molecules in @entity1 articular chondrocytes and assess the role of JAK/STAT proteins in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. METHODS: Expression of @entity9597 subunits and associated molecules was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Functional @entity9597 were identified by chemical crosslinking of @entity3646 -stimulated chondrocytes and western blotting. JAK and STAT phosphorylation was assessed by western blotting. RESULTS: Chondrocytes from normal and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage express @entity9597 , gammac and IL13Ralpha1 subunits (components of the Type I and Type II @entity9597 ). In the presence of @entity3646 only functional Type II IL4Rs were identified in normal or OA chondrocytes. With the exception of @entity17619 , no differences in JAK/STAT expression were detected between normal and OA cartilage. @entity17619 was expressed in OA but not normal chondrocytes. @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) resulted in an @entity9597 -dependent increase in phosphorylated @entity9705 in normal chondrocytes, which could be abolished by @entity1356 preincubation. No phosphorylation of @entity11715 or @entity8850 was detected in either normal or OA chondrocytes following @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) @entity3646 stimulation resulted in a decrease in @entity9705 phosphorylation and an increase in phosphorylation of @entity8850 in both normal and OA chondrocytes. CONCLUSION: Chondrocytes from normal and OA cartilage signal through a Type II @entity9597 . This signalling is via a @entity8850 -independent pathway. Differences in @entity3646 signalling are likely due to crosstalk between integrin and cytokine signalling pathways, and not differences in @entity9597 expression.

title: Roles for the XXXX receptor and associated JAK/STAT proteins in @entity1 articular chondrocyte mechanotransduction.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical stimulation', 'Mechanical stimulation', 'MS']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['interleukin-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To study the clinical effectiveness and adverse reactions of etanercept in @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ), in whom combination therapies with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) had failed. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-three @entity1 with active @entity309 who had been treated without satisfactory effect with DMARDs were entitled, by the Taiwan Bureau of National Health Insurance, to undergo etanercept injection (25 mg subcutaneously, twice weekly) along with oral methotrexate (15 mg weekly) in Taipei Veterans General Hospital. The disease activity score in 28 swollen and 28 tender joints (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), rheumatoid factors (RFs), tender joint count (TJC), and swollen joint count (SJC) were recorded at the beginning, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment. Any adverse event, relevant or irrelevant to the therapy, was recorded throughout the whole course of treatment. RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity1 completed the 1-year therapeutic program. There were significant improvements in all parameters (DAS28, ESR, @entity1851 , TJC and SJC), which approached satisfactory values at the end of the first 3 months and which were sustained thereafter in most @entity1 . @entity1 also tolerated the treatment protocol well, with adverse events occurring sporadically. Significant clinical response occurred as early as 3 months after the start and might last beyond 1 year in some @entity1 . Adverse effects such as injection site reaction or @entity281 rarely occurred. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with etanercept and DMARDs seemed to be effective at improving the aching symptoms associated with rheumatoid activity and was well tolerated in this cohort study. It was generally safe, though a small number of @entity281 were observed.

title: Improvement of active XXXX after etanercept injection: a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'non-fatal infections']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Doubly committed @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) account for up to almost one-third of isolated @entity1757 in Asian countries, compared with only 1/20th in western populations. In our surgical experience, this type of defect accounted for almost three-quarters of our practice. To date, patch closure has been considered the gold standard for surgical treatment of these lesions. Our objectives are to evaluate the indications and examine the outcomes of surgery for doubly committed @entity1757 . METHODS: Between October 2013, when our service of paediatric cardiac surgery was opened, and December 2014, 24 @entity1 were referred for surgical closure of @entity1757 . Among them, 17 @entity1 (71%), with the median age of 6 years, ranging from 2 to 9 years, and with a median body weight of 19 kg, ranging from 11 to 56 kg, underwent surgical repair for doubly committed defects. In terms of size, the defect was considered moderate in 4 and large in 13. Aortic @entity340 (AoVR) was present in 11 @entity1 (65%) preoperatively, with associated @entity600 found in 14 (82%), with 5 @entity1 (29%) having two or more associated defects. RESULTS: After surgery, there was trivial residual shunting in 2 @entity1 (12%). AoVR persisted in 6 (35%), reducing to trivial in 5 (29%) and mild in 1 (6%). Mean stays in the intensive care unit and hospital were 2.6    1.2 days, ranging from 2 to 7 days, and 6.8    0.8 days, ranging from 6 to 9 days, respectively. The mean follow-up was 14    4 months, ranging from 6 to 20 months, with no early or late deaths and without clinical deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of doubly committed lesions is high in our experience, frequently associated with AoVR and other associated @entity600 . Early detection is crucial to prevent further progression of the disease. Patch closure remains the gold standard in management, not least since it allows simultaneous repair of associated @entity4615 .

title: Surgery for doubly committed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects', 'VSDs']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity33790 Open Pivot mechanical heart valve has been implanted routinely at our institution since 1999. The objective of this study is to retrospectively analyze our 12-year clinical results with @entity33790 prostheses. METHODS: @entity33790 Open Pivot mechanical valves were implanted in 268 adult @entity1 between May 1999 and August 2010. We selected 259 subjects who could be adequately followed (follow-up rate 96.6  %). Aortic valve replacement was performed in 157 @entity1 , mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 71, and double (aortic and mitral) valve replacements (DVR) in 31. Mean age at the time of implant was 58.8      10.6  years. The gender ratio was 128 males/131 females. Mean follow-up was 4.4      7.8  years, and the cumulative follow-up was 1144 @entity1 -years (pt-yr). RESULTS: Early @entity204 within 30  days after the operation occurred in 5 (2.5  %) @entity1 . Late @entity204 occurred in 27 @entity1 including valve-related @entity204 in 13. The 10-year survival rate after the operation was 82.7      2.9  %. The rate of freedom from valve-related @entity204 was 92.2      2.2  %. The incidence of @entity340 was 2.19  %/pt-yr. Of these, the incidence of @entity1031 and that of @entity548 complications were 1.22 and that 0.87  %/pt-yr. The incidence of valve @entity715 was 0.09  %/pt-yr. No @entity2383 was observed in any of the three operative procedure groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our 12-year experience with aortic and MVR using the @entity33790 mechanical heart valve demonstrated low incidences of @entity1031 , @entity548 complications, and valve @entity715 .

title: Twelve years of experience with the XXXX mechanical heart valve prostheses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve-related complications']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural valve deterioration']

answer: @entity33790 :: (MESH:C565942,Disease) :: ['ATS']


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that the @entity5 microenvironment plays an important role in @entity5 progression and oncogenesis. Various proinflammatory mediators contribute to @entity5 proliferation, neoangiogenesis, invasion, @entity3 , and resistance to @entity5 therapy such as hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. The major causes of death related to @entity213 ( @entity213 ) include cervical node and distant metastases. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified to play a key role in mediating the @entity5 invasion and @entity3 of @entity189 . Herein, the relationship between proinflammatory mediators and EMT in @entity213 was investigated. Immunohistochemical expression of @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ), @entity19099 and @entity5962 in relationship to histologic differentiation, clinical stage and nodal status was evaluated in 146 surgical specimens of @entity213 . A correlation was noted between increased expression of @entity1356 and nodal status, as well as increased expression of @entity3840 and histologic differentiation, clinical stage and nodal status. Increased @entity19099 expression was correlated with histologic differentiation and clinical stage. Decreased @entity5962 expression was correlated with histologic differentiation and nodal status. A significant relationship was observed between @entity1356 and @entity3840 . However, a significant inverse correlation was noted between @entity19099 and @entity5962 . A significant relationship was observed between increased proinflammatory mediator @entity1356 / @entity3840 expression and increased EMT marker @entity19099 / @entity5962 expression. These results indicate that proinflammatory mediators @entity1356 and @entity3840 may induce EMT through an increase in @entity19099 and a decrease in @entity5962 . The present findings suggest that various anti-inflammatory agents could be used as an adjuvant treatment modality with anti- @entity5 chemotherapeutic drugs in @entity213 .

title: Relation between proinflammatory mediators and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article reports preliminary findings from a multi-year investigation of onset and course of previously untreated first-episode @entity716 in two similarly structured treatment programs in Canada and India. Specifically, the aim of this study was to examine whether one year clinical and functional outcomes of first-episode @entity716 varied between these two programs. METHOD: @entity1 with first-episode non-affective @entity716 receiving similar treatment in Chennai, India (N=61) and in Montreal, Canada (N=88) were evaluated for demographic variables, duration of untreated @entity716 , and baseline diagnosis, and for positive, negative, and general psychopathology symptoms and overall functioning at baseline and one year. RESULTS: At both sites, there was a significant improvement in symptoms and functioning over the one year course of treatment. There was also a significant time-by-site interaction on negative symptoms and functioning, after controlling for age, sex, and marital status. On these domains, @entity1 in India showed greater improvement over time than their Canadian counterparts. The time-by-site interactions were not significant for positive symptoms and general psychopathology. CONCLUSION: First-episode @entity1 in the Indian program demonstrated higher rates of improvement at one year in negative symptoms and functioning than @entity1 receiving similar treatment in Canada. There was no difference in improvement between the sites on positive symptoms and general psychopathology. These results suggest that the sociocultural context of treatment can influence outcomes early in the course of @entity914 . Further, outcomes are not uniformly better or worse in one sociocultural context compared to another, but seem to vary from one outcome domain to another.

title: Preliminary findings from a study of first-episode XXXX in Montreal, Canada and Chennai, India: comparison of outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study healing around implants placed in an @entity133 with a sloped @entity717 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six Labrador @entity235 were used. @entity79 were prepared in the mandible after extraction of premolars. Three months later, two test implants with a sloped marginal design and two control implants were placed in the chronic defect area with a sloped @entity717 of each premolar region. The test implants were placed in such a way that the buccal margin of the implant coincided with the buccal bone crest. The lingual margin of the control implants was placed to a similar depth as the lingual margin of the test implants. Abutments were connected to the implants in the right mandibular premolar region and flaps were sutured around the neck of the abutments. In the left side of the mandible, cover screws were placed and the flaps were sutured to cover the implants. Biopsies were obtained 4 months later and prepared for histological examination. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that healing around implants placed in an @entity133 with a sloped @entity717 resulted in the preservation of a vertical discrepancy between the lingual and buccal marginal bone levels around implants with either a regular cylindrical outline or a modified marginal portion that matched the slope of the @entity133 . CONCLUSION: As the marginal buccal portion of the control implants with a regular design had no bone support, it is suggested that implants with a modified marginal portion may be considered in recipient sites with a sloped @entity717 .

title: Healing at implants placed in an XXXX with a sloped configuration: an experimental study in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['lingual-buccal configuration']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Buccal bone defects']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar ridge']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['alveolar ridge']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pronation-abduction @entity1171 frequently are associated with substantial lateral comminution and have been reported to be associated with the highest rates of nonunion among indirect @entity1171 . The purpose of the present study was to report the technique for and outcomes of extraperiosteal plating in a series of @entity1 with pronation-abduction @entity1171 . METHODS: Thirty-one consecutive @entity1 with an unstable comminuted pronation-abduction ankle @entity174 were managed with extraperiosteal plating of the fibular @entity174 . The average age of the @entity1 was forty-four years. There were nineteen bimalleolar and twelve lateral @entity174 with an associated @entity130 . No attempt to reduce the comminuted fragments was made as this area was spanned by the plate. The @entity1 were evaluated functionally (with use of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score), radiographically, and clinically (with range-of-motion testing). RESULTS: Immediate postoperative and final follow-up radiographs showed that all @entity1 had a well-aligned ankle mortise on the fractured side as compared with the normal side on the basis of standardized measurements. All @entity174 healed without displacement. At a minimum of two years after the injury, the average American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (available for twenty-one @entity1 ) was 82. The range of motion averaged 13 degrees of dorsiflexion and 31 degrees of @entity1411 , with one @entity1 not achieving dorsiflexion to neutral. There were no deep infections, and one @entity1 had an area of superficial skin breakdown that healed without operative intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Extraperiosteal plating of pronation-abduction @entity1171 is an effective method of stabilization that leads to predictable union of the fibular @entity174 . The results of this procedure are at least as good as those of other techniques of open reduction and internal fixation of the ankle, although specific results for pronation-abduction injuries have not been previously reported, to our knowledge.

title: Extraperiosteal plating of pronation-abduction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'malleolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['deltoid ligament injury']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: The cytotoxic effect of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) for @entity19 bone marrow cells has been studied by in vitro of the granulocyte precursor cell (CFU-C) in a medium containing dialyzed fetal calf serum and dialyzed L-cell supernatant. The formation of 50-cell colonies was inhibited to 50% of control by 10(-8) M @entity1500 . Further increases in @entity1500 concentration rapidly abolished colony formation by CFU-C. The potential of @entity4181 and @entity2642 to rescue the CFU-C from @entity1500 @entity137 was studied. @entity137 of 10(-7) M @entity1500 was completely reversed by equimolar concentrations of @entity4181 , but with higher @entity1500 concentrations, relatively more @entity4181 was required. While 10(-5) M @entity1500 was rescued by 10(-3) M @entity4181 , rescue of the toxic effect of 10(-4) M @entity1500 by 10(-3) M @entity4181 was not observed. In contrast to the rescue by @entity4181 , @entity137 of all @entity1500 concentrations up to 10(-4) M was completely prevented by 10(-5) M @entity1014 with 10(-5) M @entity859 , @entity14572 , or @entity3625 . Single @entity2642 or @entity1014 with @entity17350 were ineffective, as were lower concentrations (less than or equal to 10(-6)M) of the effective combinations. Thus, while @entity4181 reversed the @entity1500 @entity137 to CFU-C competitively, rescue by @entity2642 was noncompetitive. The significance and possible usefulness of these findings for chemotherapeutic protocols are discussed.

title: The reversal of @entity1499 cytotoxicity to @entity19 bone marrow cells by @entity4181 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin', 'leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity17350 :: ('MESH:D006151', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2642 :: (MESH:D009705,Chemical) :: ['nucleosides']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Internal audit of an aspect of a disease at repeated intervals helps in predicting the new emerging trends. This study was planned to assess the profile of @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) without overt complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity4051 c between 6% and 9% on oral hypoglycemic agents and who did not have clinically overt complications of @entity6 were recruited from outpatient clinic of Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) from April 2009 to October 2011. RESULTS: A total of 91 @entity1 (53 males and 38 females) were recruited over 3 years of period. Their mean age was 49.65    11.22 years (range in years) and mean duration of @entity6 was 48.09    41.44 (range: 1-180) months. Biochemical evaluation revealed mean @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ): 126.69    25.80 mg/dl and mean HbA1c: 7.12    0.81%. Family history of @entity6 was present in 60.43% of @entity1 , 6.59% were active smokers and 46.15% were @entity28 (waist circumference >= 90 cm in males and >= 80 cm in females). All but 6.59% (n = 6) of @entity1 were dyslipidemic and only 25 of these were on antidyslipidemic treatment. Isolated low HDL was most common abnormality (25.27%, n = 23), followed by combination of low HDL and raised LDL (17.58%, n = 16). Evaluation of complications showed @entity989 in just one @entity1 , @entity8 in 17.68%, and @entity16 in 10.97%. MINI neuropsychiatric scale for @entity308 was positive in four @entity1 and four @entity1 were on antidepressants. CONCLUSION: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 have very high prevalence of @entity2299 even in @entity1 with good glycemic control. This study allowed us to realize lacunae in our clinical practice regarding need for better care of lipid parameters.

title: Profile of @entity6 without overt complications of XXXX at a tertiary care center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fasting blood sugar']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonrheumatic @entity955 is common among the elderly and is associated with an increased risk of @entity64 . We investigated whether anticoagulation with @entity1229 would reduce this risk. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate low-intensity anticoagulation with @entity1229 (prothrombin-time ratio, 1.2 to 1.5) in 571 @entity1 with chronic nonrheumatic @entity955 ; 525 @entity1 had not previously had a @entity385 , whereas 46 @entity1 had previously had such an event. The primary end point was @entity385 ; secondary end points were @entity1779 and @entity204 . RESULTS: Among the @entity1 with no history of @entity64 , @entity385 occurred in 19 of the 265 @entity1 in the placebo group during an average follow-up of 1.7 years (4.3 percent per year) and in 4 of the 260 @entity1 in the @entity1229 group during an average follow-up of 1.8 years (0.9 percent per year). The reduction in risk with @entity1229 therapy was 0.79 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.90; P = 0.001). The annual event rate among the 228 @entity1 over 70 years of age was 4.8 percent in the placebo group and 0.9 percent in the @entity1229 group (risk reduction, 0.79; P = 0.02). The only @entity1779 occurred in a 73-year-old @entity1 in the @entity1229 group. Other @entity548 , all gastrointestinal, occurred in 10 @entity1 : 4 in the placebo group, for a rate of 0.9 percent per year, and 6 in the @entity1229 group, for a rate of 1.3 percent per year. There were 37 deaths that were not preceded by a cerebral end point--22 in the placebo group and 15 in the @entity1229 group (risk reduction, 0.31; P = 0.19). @entity385 was more common among @entity1 with a history of @entity385 (9.3 percent per year in the placebo group and 6.1 percent per year in the @entity1229 group) than among those without such a history. CONCLUSIONS: Low-intensity anticoagulation with @entity1229 prevented @entity385 in @entity1 with nonrheumatic @entity955 without producing an excess risk of major @entity548 . This benefit extended to @entity1 over 70 years of age.

title: @entity1229 in the prevention of XXXX associated with nonrheumatic @entity955 . Veterans Affairs @entity64 Prevention in Nonrheumatic @entity955 Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'major hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarction', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the addition of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) improves overall survival in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 managed with @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) is unclear. Our aim was to compare outcomes in such @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 . METHODS: @entity1 with: locally advanced (T3 or T4) @entity263 (n=1057); or organ-confined disease (T2) with either a @entity1486 (PSA) concentration more than 40 ng/mL (n=119) or PSA concentration more than 20 ng/mL and a Gleason score of 8 or higher (n=25), were randomly assigned (done centrally with stratification and dynamic minimisation, not masked) to receive lifelong ADT and @entity1161 (65-69 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, 45 Gy to the pelvic nodes). The primary endpoint was overall survival. The results presented here are of an interim analysis planned for when two-thirds of the events for the final analysis were recorded. All efficacy analyses were done by intention to treat and were based on data from all @entity1 . This trial is registered at controlledtrials.com as ISRCTN24991896 and Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00002633. RESULTS: Between 1995 and 2005, 1205 @entity1 were randomly assigned (602 in the ADT only group and 603 in the ADT and @entity1161 group); median follow-up was 6  0 years (IQR 4  4-8  0). At the time of analysis, a total of 320 @entity1 had died, 175 in the ADT only group and 145 in the ADT and @entity1161 group. The addition of @entity1161 to ADT improved overall survival at 7 years (74%, 95% CI 70-78 vs 66%, 60-70; hazard ratio [HR] 0  77, 95% CI 0  61-0  98, p=0  033). Both @entity137 and health-related quality-of-life results showed a small effect of @entity1161 on late gastrointestinal @entity137 (rectal bleeding grade >3, three @entity1 (0  5%) in the ADT only group, two (0  3%) in the ADT and @entity1161 group; @entity294 grade >3, four @entity1 (0  7%) vs eight (1  3%); urinary @entity137 grade >3, 14 @entity1 (2  3%) in both groups). INTERPRETATION: The benefits of combined modality treatment--ADT and @entity1161 --should be discussed with all @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 . FUNDING: Canadian @entity5 Society Research Institute, US National @entity5 Institute, and UK Medical Research Council.

title: Combined XXXX deprivation therapy and @entity1161 for locally advanced @entity263 : a randomised, phase 3 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: Sarcoptic mange occurs in many parts of the world and is common in populations of domestic and wild canids, including red foxes ( @entity13616 ). In recent years, an indirect antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional diagnostic methods, has been successfully applied in the diagnosis of @entity1908 in @entity235 . The same ELISA has also demonstrated specific antibodies to Sarcoptes scabiei in experimentally infected red foxes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indirect ELISA when used to detect antibodies to @entity9250 in field sera from Swedish red foxes. One cohort of both infected and non-infected red foxes (cohort 1; n = 88), and one cohort of apparently non-infected foxes (cohort 2; n = 67) were examined for @entity272 and presence of @entity9250 by thorough visual examination at autopsy and skin scrapings. Samples of blood-tinted body liquid from the abdomen or thorax cavity were collected and analysed by the indirect ELISA. The relative sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA at different cut-offs (OD values) were estimated by comparing the test results to the infection status as determined by examination and skin scrapings. The highest combination of relative sensitivity and specificity, calculated based on cohort 1, was 95.4 and 100.0%, respectively. These estimates were constant for cut-offs 0.150-0.225, which included the cut-off based on the mean plus three standard deviations of test results from cohort 2 (0.165). It is concluded that this test can be useful in diagnosis and epidemiological studies of @entity9250 infection in red foxes.

title: Evaluation of a serological test (indirect ELISA) for the diagnosis of XXXX in red foxes ( @entity13616 ).

entities_list: @entity13616 :: ('9627', 'Species') :: ['Vulpes vulpes']

entities_list: @entity1908 :: ('MESH:D012532', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoptic mange']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity1908 :: (MESH:D012532,Disease) :: ['sarcoptic mange']


abstract: One of the most serious complications faced by @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) is the potential development of @entity14 ( @entity14 ). There is a compelling need to enhance the accuracy of @entity5 screening of @entity29 @entity1 . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small nonprotein-coding RNAs that play important roles in @entity14 oncogenesis. In this study, we report differential miRNA expression in @entity29 @entity1 with associated @entity14 from non-neoplastic tissue to @entity1141 and eventually @entity5 . In addition, we identify and examine the role of dysregulated miRNAs in the @entity876 pathway. In our @entity1050 @entity1 , six miRNAs were upregulated from non-neoplastic tissue to @entity1141 , but downregulated from @entity1141 to @entity5 ( @entity2853 , miR-181a, miR-146b-5p, @entity27436 , @entity12425 , @entity6957 ) (P < 0.001). Six differentially expressed miRNAs affected the @entity876 pathway ( @entity2853 , @entity15453 , @entity22246 , @entity27437 , @entity27436 , @entity12425 ) (P < 0.001). Using two @entity1 @entity694 cell lines (HT-29 and HCT-116), @entity16262 , an upstream regulator of @entity876 , was downregulated in both cell lines transfected with @entity27436 (P < 0.05) as well as in HCT-116 cells transfected with @entity12425 (P < 0.05). Additionally, @entity11486 , a cell-cycle regulator @entity2853 target was downregulated in both cell lines (P < 0.05). Unique differentially expressed miRNAs were observed in @entity1050 -associated @entity14 progression. Six of these miRNAs had a tumorigenic effect on the @entity876 pathway; the effect of three of which was studied using cell lines.

title: Differential microRNA expression tracks neoplastic progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer']


abstract: Three @entity1 with @entity5216 (sling artery) are reported to illustrate associated @entity854 . The clinical picture was that of severe @entity2749 or progressive @entity649 without @entity1282 in early infancy. Striking narrowing of the @entity825 by complete "ring cartilages," unrelated to compression by the abnormal @entity358 , was present. Tracheotomy and intubation failed to relieve the obstruction. In one @entity1 the bronchi and bronchial segmentation pattern were normal, but in the other two @entity1 , @entity2488 included wide irregular cartilages in the main bronchi, forming more complete rings than is normal. In both, the right main bronchus was relatively longer than normal, and the bronchus intermedius showed poor cartilage ring formation and was relatively short compared to the main bronchus. This discrepancy did not appear to be due to distal displacement of the right upper lobe bronchus. In these two @entity1 the left main bronchus was relatively short and wide with reduced number of cartilage rings (five-six vs usual normal number of nine), so that the right and left main bronchi were almost of equal length. However, the branch patterns of the lobar bronchi were within normal range. Bronchoscopy seems essential to demonstrate such ring tracheal cartilages (absence of the pars membranacea of the @entity825 ), which when found should alert the examiner to the possible presence of an @entity358 . Since surgical correction of @entity6184 of this type is not possible at present, the ultimate prognosis of @entity1 with sling artery may depend more on the severity of the @entity154 rather than on success of surgical correction of the abnormal left pulmonary arterial course. Although aberrant (sling) left @entity358 can occur in @entity1 without respiratory tract symptoms, @entity6184 due to ring tracheal cartilages occurs in a significant fraction of @entity1 with this @entity432 . Bronchoscopic study of the @entity825 , and possibly air or contrast bronchography of right and left main bronchi, can be of @entity3224 in diagnosis of this complex.

title: Tracheostenosis and XXXX associated with @entity358 sling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal left pulmonary artery', 'pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial anomaly']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant left pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity2488 :: (MESH:D001982,Disease) :: ['bronchial abnormalities']


abstract: Experiments were carried out on 16 anaesthetized, non-paralysed @entity468 to determine the effects of unilateral, successive focal cooling of the nuclei of the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups (DRG, VRG) of the medulla oblongata on quiet breathing parameters. The results of cold block tests of the respiratory nuclei showed that: 1. Compared with the control state, cooling of the ventrolateral part of the nucleus solitarii (vl. @entity33266 ) and the rostral part of the nucleus retroambigualis (r. NRA) to 20 degrees C or 15 degrees C decreased the respiration rate (p less than 0.001), prolonged the inspiration time (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001 respectively) and the development of @entity1353 . A decrease in the inspiratory pleural pressure values (p less than 0.01) was found after cooling the r. NRA region to 15 degrees C. In 45% of the cases of cooling of the vl. @entity33266 and 66.7% of cooling of the r. NRA to 15 degrees C, an incidence of short inspiratory efforts was observed. 2. Focal cooling of the nucleus retrofacialis (nucl. RF) region to 20 degrees C always arrested rhythmic respiration. 3. The effects of unilateral focal cooling of the respiratory nuclei were always bilaterally symmetrical and, after discontinuing cooling, reversible. 4. The findings indicate that the inspiratory neurones of the r. NRA participate more in regulation of the intensity of inspiration than those of the vl. @entity33266 , while the nucl. RF region may be a part of central regulatory mechanisms essential for the maintenance of rhythmic breathing in @entity468 .

title: Effects of focal cooling of medulla oblongata structures on quiet breathing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['apneustic breathing']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Preventable and treatable @entity2194 are still major causes of @entity1939 . OBJECTIVE: To find the factors influencing utilization of primary eye health services among the @entity1 in a rural community of Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a population-based study with a cross-sectional and descriptive design. Lete Ilaka in Mustang District of Nepal was the study site. Data of knowledge on @entity2194 , availability of services and utilization of available services were obtained from female care takers. Association among variables was observed by bivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 216 female care takers participated in the study. The median age of the respondents was 39 years. Almost 80 % of the respondents had agriculture as their major occupation and more than a quarter were from lower castes (dalit) community. Low level of educational attainment (OR = 3.1, 95 % CI = 1.6-6.1) and poverty (OR = 2.0, 95 % CI = 1.13-3.43) among respondents were found to be significantly associated with a low level of awareness on @entity2194 . The risk of not knowing about @entity2194 increased more than 3.5 times when @entity1 were illiterate. Locally available eye health services and skills amongst the health workers were found inadequate. CONCLUSION: Low level of education, poor knowledge of @entity2194 and great distance from home to health facilities were found to be factors on the demand side while inadequacy of eye health services and perceived inadequate skills among health workers were identified as factors in the supply side affecting utilization of eye health services among @entity1 of Mustang District.

title: Utilization of primary eye health services by XXXX from a rural community of Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness in rural communities']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Case histories of 140 @entity1 who had mitral valve replacement with the Hancock xenograft were reviewed according to the incidence of @entity1031 complications. There were 16 @entity1 with @entity998 (Group A.) Eight of these @entity1 died, and six had autopsies which showed major thrombi on the heterograft valve. In 126 long-term survivors (followed 1 to 33 months) nine @entity1031 events occurred ( @entity1031 incidence 5.3 percent per @entity1 -year). All @entity1 with emboli were in @entity955 . Additional predisposing factors included a history of systemic emboli and the presence of atrial clots at the time of surgery. The majority (7/9) of emboli occurred during the first 3 postoperative months. Two emboli occurred immediately following the operation (before oral anticoagulation therapy could have been begun). Five occurred in @entity1 who were not on anticoagulation (Group B) and two occurred under @entity1229 treatment (Group C). There was no @entity1031 event in @entity1 taking @entity117 (Group D). It is concluded that hemodynamically stable @entity1 have a decreased risk of @entity1031 and do not require anticoagulation. @entity1 with @entity955 have an increased @entity1031 risk and should be on a regimen of @entity1229 for 3 months postoperatively and then on @entity117 therapy.

title: XXXX complications after mitral valve replacement with Hancock xenograft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative and/or postoperative low-output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolic']


abstract: Highly virulent (strain 1) and weakly virulent (strain 3) @entity526 were examined using immunofluorescent and electron microscopic techniques to determine their ability to express type 1 pili in the intestinal tract of 3-week-old gnotobiotic @entity233 . @entity233 were necropsied on @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 1, 2, 5, 8, and 12. Nonpiliated forms of strains 1 and 3 were more numerous than piliated forms in cecal and colonic contents examined by negative staining electron microscopy. A piliated form of strain 1 was seen in intestinal contents on each @entity227 and was more numerous in cecal contents than in colonic contents. The mucus blanket of the cecum and colon contained large numbers of bacteria, although organisms were rarely intimately associated with the intestinal epithelium. Immunofluorescent staining indicated large numbers of piliated forms of strains 1 and 3 within the mucus blanket of the cecum and colon on @entity227 2, 5, 8, and 12. Piliated bacteria were infrequently seen in the ileal mucus blanket. Serum antibody titers to type 1 pili increased markedly by @entity227 5 and persisted in @entity233 inoculated with strain 1. In contrast, antibody titers in @entity233 exposed to strain 3 increased gradually and varied markedly among birds at each @entity227 . Type 1 pili may not be important for adherence of pathogenic @entity526 to intestinal epithelium of @entity233 .

title: Expression of type 1 pili by @entity526 strains of high and low virulence in the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['postinoculation day', 'PID']

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkeys', 'Turkeys']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkeys']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and survival of combination of @entity3003 plus @entity1311 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and explore an optimal regimen for @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 with core needle biopsy confirmed pathological diagnosis of IIA     IIIC invasive @entity0 , negative for @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors and @entity1722 by immunohistochemistry, and with indication for NACT were eligible in this study. The biopsy @entity5 tissues were tested for @entity4205 , @entity6881 , @entity470 and Ki67. The @entity1 received @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) on day 1, @entity3003 at an area under the curve 5 mg min/ml on day 2 of every 21 days. The clinical response was evaluated every 2 cycles according to Standard RECIST 1.0 criteria and surgery was done after four to six cycles. Pathological complete remission (pCR) was defined if absence of invasive @entity5 in the breast and axillary lymph nodes @entity189 in situ only. RESULTS: Overall, thirty-one @entity1 were enrolled from January 2008 to November 2010. The median age was 51 years and 83.9% of the @entity1 were diagnosed as stage IIB to IIIC diseases. 30 @entity1 completed chemotherapy as planed while one @entity1 changed regimen due to @entity1311 @entity566 . Twenty-eight @entity1 could be evaluated for clinical efficacy, of which CR, PR, SD, @entity1726 were achieved in 4, 20, 3 and 1 @entity1 , respectively. The objective response rate was 85.7%. The expression rate of @entity4205 , @entity6881 and @entity470 were 88.9% (24/27), 59.3% (16/27) and 63% (17/27), respectively. Among 27 @entity1 who received modified radical mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery, 11 @entity1 obtained pCR, with a pCR rate of 40.7% (95%CI 22.2% - 59.3%). Five of six @entity4205 - and @entity6881 -positive @entity1 achieved pCR. All the 31 @entity1 could be evaluated for @entity137 according to the NCI-CTC v3.0 criteria. The major @entity137 were @entity1398 (93.5%), @entity391 (45.2%) and ALT/ @entity6571 increase (32.3%), and grade 3-4 @entity137 accounted for 74.2%, 3.2%, 0, respectively. Until December 2011, at a median follow-up of 28.9 months (range 5 - 47.9), eight @entity1 developed recurrence including 5 @entity1 died. Among 11 @entity1 with pCR, one suffered from lung metastasis at 45 months after diagnosis and survived with @entity5 until now. The other ten were alive and disease free. The 3-year DFS and @entity3012 were 62% and 74.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: As a neoadjuvant treatment for @entity0 , @entity3003 plus @entity1311 regimen achieves notable higher objective response rate and pCR rate compared with the @entity4349 plus @entity1311 regimen reported in the literature, and is well tolerable. It is an optimized regimen for @entity0 .

title: [Phase II clinical trial of neoadjuvant therapy with @entity3003 plus XXXX for locally advanced @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'triple-negative breast cancer', 'TNBC']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['samples or residual carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: @entity413 release from the liver is mediated by hypothalamic @entity1063 (NE) neuronal activity, but @entity413 itself (or a metabolite of it) exerts negative feedback effects on central NE activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible role for insulin in these central @entity413 homeostatic mechanisms. Computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to assess the neuronal activities of hypothalamic NE and @entity750 [ @entity750 ( @entity750 )] in @entity35 after acute insulin (2 U/kg) administration. Medial basal hypothalamic NE neuronal activity was assessed by the ratio of @entity27237 to NE. The ratio was suppressed (P less than 0.005) 10 min after insulin administration but rose again to be significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than in saline controls by 30 min and at 45 min post insulin was highly significantly elevated. Hypothalamic @entity750 neuronal activity was assessed by the ratio of @entity1130 to @entity750 and showed effects opposite to those on NE and was elevated (P less than 0.0005) 10 min post insulin. Significant changes in serum @entity2819 and GH levels also occurred after insulin administration, and the changes in these two hormones were positively associated with the changes in hypothalamic neuronal activities of NE and @entity750 , respectively. Serum glucagon levels were found to be significantly elevated in association with the secondary rise in hypothalamic NE activity but did not fall in the 10 min postinsulin phase thus indicating stimulation of pancreatic glucagon release by central NE neuronal pathways. The hypothalamic NE and @entity750 neural responses to a bolus dose of insulin were unaffected by feeding or fasting. These results and evidence that brain @entity413 utilization is reduced in the immediate postinsulin period suggest that the rapid effects of insulin on hypothalamic NE and @entity750 neuronal activities is a direct one not mediated by stimulation of brain @entity413 uptake.

title: Rapid bidirectional effects of insulin on hypothalamic noradrenergic and serotoninergic neuronal activity in the @entity35 : role in XXXX homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity27237 :: ('CHEBI:1387', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Endoscopic therapy is emerging as an alternative to surgical therapy in @entity1 with mucosal ( @entity13712 ) @entity420 ( @entity420 ) given the low likelihood of lymph node @entity3 . Long-term outcomes of @entity1 treated endoscopically and surgically for @entity420 are unknown. We compared long-term outcomes of @entity1 with @entity420 treated endoscopically and surgically. METHODS: @entity1 treated for @entity420 between 1998 and 2007 were included. @entity1 were divided into an endoscopically treated group (ENDO group) and a surgically treated group (SURG group). Vital status information was queried using an institutionally approved internet research and location service. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard ratios. RESULTS: A total of 178 @entity1 were included, of whom 132 (74%) were in the ENDO group and 46 (26%) were in the SURG group. The mean follow-up period was 64 months (standard error of the mean, 4.8 mo) in the SURG group and 43 months (standard error of the mean, 2.8 mo) in the ENDO group. Cumulative mortality in the ENDO group (17%) was comparable with the SURG group (20%) (P = .75). Overall survival also was comparable using the Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment modality was not a significant predictor of survival on multivariable analysis. @entity189 was detected in 12% of @entity1 in the ENDO group, all successfully re-treated without impact on overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival in @entity1 with @entity420 when treated endoscopically appears to be comparable with that of @entity1 treated surgically. @entity189 occurs in a limited proportion of @entity1 , but can be managed endoscopically.

title: Endoscopic and surgical treatment of mucosal ( XXXX ) @entity420 in Barrett's esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Recurrent carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC', 'mucosal EAC']

answer: @entity13712 :: (10630,Gene) :: ['T1a']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Correct staging is a cornerstone in @entity5 treatment. The FIGO surgical staging for @entity1204 was revised in 2009. We have evaluated if the revision improved stratification with respect to prognosis in a large prospective multicenter setting. METHODS: 1268 @entity1204 @entity1 have been prospectively recruited in the MoMaTEC study for the investigation of clinical and histopathological data. RESULTS: Restaging from FIGO 88 to FIGO 09 criteria increased the number of stage I cases from 932 to 979. The majority of the non-endometrioid @entity5 , down-staged to FIGO 09 stage I, were of serous histology. One third of the @entity1 classified as stage II @entity5 based on FIGO 88 criteria (FIGO88 IIA) were down-staged to FIGO 09 IA (53%) and FIGO 09 IB (47%). The histological subtype for these cases was mainly endometrioid (86.1%) and high/intermediate grade (77.7%). @entity1 with FIGO 88 stages IA, IB, IIA and IIIA with positive cytology only, showed similar survival. In Cox multivariate survival analysis adjusting for histopathological variables we found that the revised FIGO 09 criteria improved prognostication. For FIGO stage I @entity1 the adjusted HR was 3.9 (p=0.01, CI 1.35-11.36) for FIGO IB compared to FIGO IA. The independent prognostic impact for the FIGO 09 staging was also confirmed in a subset analysis of @entity1 not subjected to lymphadenectomy and for the endometrioid subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: The FIGO 2009 staging system has improved prediction of prognosis, and is less complex, compared to earlier versions. Careful assessment of myometrial invasion seems particularly important for @entity1 not subjected to lymphadenectomy.

title: Revision of FIGO surgical staging in 2009 for XXXX validates to improve risk stratification.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3252 causes complications during pregnancy that have serious effects on fetal development. Thus far, @entity13871 has been reported to spread only via vertical transmission. Nonetheless, the population of pregnant @entity1 is also exposed to this @entity281 . @entity325 with both @entity3204 and Toxocara spp. has been reported in @entity1 , but there are no reports of @entity325 in the population of pregnant @entity1 . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity325 with @entity3204 and Toxocara spp. in pregnant @entity1 at a university hospital in southern Brazil, and to identify the risk factors associated with @entity281 by both parasites. Two hundred pregnant @entity1 were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondii and anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies and were asked to complete an epidemiological questionnaire. In this study, the @entity325 rate observed in the total population of pregnant @entity1 was 8%. In addition, @entity1 with a positive result for a serology test for Toxocara spp. were at increased risk of @entity281 by @entity3204 (P = 0.019). @entity325 with both parasites in pregnant @entity1 was associated with low birth weights in neonates. The similar modes of transmission of both parasites could explain the @entity325 . Only a few previous studies have investigated this phenomenon. The findings of the present study emphasize the importance of serological diagnosis during prenatal care and further research in this area to identify risk factors associated with this @entity325 , and the possible implications of this @entity325 during pregnancy and on the health of newborns.

title: Risk and other factors associated with @entity3252 and @entity13871 in pregnant XXXX from southern Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infection', 'Co-infection']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['Toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity13871 :: ('MESH:D014120', 'Disease') :: ['toxocariasis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to share a new postoperative care technique team approach for the management of @entity1 after they have recovered from the anesthetic and has passed through the immediate postoperative period of a day or so from their posterior fossa @entity424 surgery. METHODS: A team approach was developed consisting of a neurosurgeon, an otolaryngologist, an intensivist, and a speech pathologist/swallowing specialist. @entity1 were extubated 24 h after their surgery. Vocal cord function was assessed by fiberoptic exam after extubation. Tracheostomy was occasionally necessary to secure the airway. Swallowing was assessed via modified barium swallow. Aspiration with feeding was occasionally detected early and managed with a @entity5274 . RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 have undergone posterior fossa surgery at our institution and were managed by our team. Nine have had sufficient vocal @entity602 to require a tracheostomy. Eleven have required a gastrostomy. None developed @entity649 and none developed @entity1174 . CONCLUSIONS: A team approach, delayed airway evaluation, and modified swallowing exams have benefited our @entity1 after posterior fossa @entity424 surgery. We have prevented any cases of @entity649 or @entity1174 .

title: Management of postoperative swallowing dysfunction after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['ependymoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atypical @entity1381 (aHUS) is associated with a congenital or acquired dysregulation of the complement alternative pathway that leads to continuous complement activation on host cells causing @entity32 and damage. Eculizumab, a humanized mAb against complement protein C5, inhibits activation of the terminal complement pathway. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: We report an adolescent with relapsing unclassified aHUS. On admission, a high plasma @entity1011 level indicated a poor prognosis, and hemodialysis had to be started. Plasma exchanges were initially effective against the microangiopathic @entity2142 and allowed a temporary improvement of renal function with termination of hemodialysis after 7 wk. Subsequently, plasma exchanges (three times per week) failed to prevent ongoing aHUS activity and progressive @entity177 . After 12 wk, aHUS treatment was switched to eculizumab. RESULTS: Eculizumab was effective in terminating the microangiopathic hemolytic process in two aHUS relapses; however, after normalization of complement activity, aHUS recurred and ultimately led to @entity454 . CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity1 , complement inhibition by eculizumab temporarily terminated the microangiopathic @entity2142 . Nevertheless, @entity8 as a result of preceding and subsequent aHUS activity resulted in @entity454 ; therefore, therapeutic success may depend on early administration of eculizumab. The optimal duration of treatment may be variable and remains to be determined.

title: Complement inhibitor eculizumab in atypical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic activity']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['anuric end-stage renal failure', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']


abstract: @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ), is a lipid mediator that binds to G-protein coupled receptors. @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ), a polypeptide growth factor, binds to the @entity470 ( @entity470 ), a receptor @entity669 kinase. Both @entity4991 and @entity4179 induce responses in @entity5 cells that include proliferation, migration, @entity3 , and induction of angiogenesis. @entity4991 has the potential to act as an autocrine/paracrine factor and can transactivate the @entity470 . This study explores the role of @entity10411 ( @entity10411 ) activation in @entity4991 production, as well as cross-talk between @entity4179 and @entity4991 receptors. We demonstrate that @entity4179 and @entity4991 both stimulate production of @entity4991 by @entity1 and SKOV3 @entity1 @entity43 cell lines. @entity28331 , an @entity470 -selective @entity669 kinase inhibitor, blocks @entity4991 production in response to both @entity4179 and @entity4991 in @entity1 and SKOV3 cells. Pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of @entity4991 receptor signaling, inhibits @entity4991 production in response to both @entity4179 and @entity4991 . Similar results were observed for the @entity4991 receptor antagonist, @entity28332 . Overexpression of @entity10411 increases @entity4991 production, while knockdown of @entity10411 blocks @entity4179 -induced @entity4991 production. A @entity28333 ( @entity28333 ) inhibitor also blocks @entity4991 - and @entity4179 -induced @entity4991 production. These results indicate that @entity4179 stimulates @entity4991 production in a manner that requires @entity10411 , and suggest that cross-talk can occur bidirectionally between @entity4179 and @entity4991 receptors.

title: @entity4179 increases XXXX production in @entity1 @entity43 cells: roles for @entity10411 and receptor transactivation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical manifestations, disease activity and prognosis in different types of @entity1333 . METHODS: The charts of pediatric @entity1 with @entity1333 diagnosed from December 1997 to December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. The first clinical manifestations and laboratory results were recorded at the time of diagnosis, and outcome evaluations with history of flare-ups were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 508 @entity1333 @entity1 were included in this study, of whom 124 had Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura (HSP), and 351 had @entity573 ( @entity573 ). @entity811 was observed in 79% of recurrent HSP @entity1 at the time of diagnosis, and was associated with an increased risk of relapse (p = 0.000). In @entity573 , the clinical symptoms with erythematous changes in Bacille Calmette-Gu  rin scars and @entity453 were more prominent in @entity1 younger than 1 year old, and @entity3329 was more common in @entity1 older than 1 year old (p = 0.001). The risk of coronary dilatation was significant in the @entity1 with an initial presentation of @entity1148 , and greater in @entity1 younger than 1 year old (p = 0.027). @entity882 was more prominent in @entity1333 -associated @entity792 . @entity6113 with increased @entity1851 levels was significantly noted in @entity1333 @entity1 compared with HSP @entity1 in multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: @entity1333 activity and prognosis were associated with initial laboratory results and clinical manifestations. Further large-scale clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings.

title: XXXX and Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura - 10 years' experience of childhood @entity1333 at a university hospital in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['Marked lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['KD', 'Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['urticarial vasculitis', 'Vasculitis disease', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery dilatation']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGI) have demonstrated clinical success in their ability to minimize post-operative sensitivity of restorations. RMGIs have been recently introduced as paste-liquid systems for convenience of clinical usage. The objective of this study was to measure the ability of a new paste-liquid RMGI liner/base to reduce fluid flow through @entity1 dentin. METHODS: Dentin permeability was measured on @entity1 crown sections on etched dentin, using etched dentin as a model for the exposed tubules typical of root sensitivity, and permitting measurement of the maximum permeability. In the one group, the etched dentin was coated with the RMGI, and pre- and post-treatment permeability was measured on the coated dentin. In the second group, a smear layer was created on the dentin with sandpaper, then the samples were coated with the RMGI; permeability was measured on the smeared and coated dentin. Samples from each group were sectioned and examined via @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). RESULTS: The new paste-liquid RMGI liner/base significantly reduced fluid flow through dentin, and exhibited excellent seal on dentin with either a smear layer or open tubules. @entity4653 images show evidence that the RMGI infiltrated the smear layer with resin during placement, penetrated dentin tubules, and formed resin tags in acid-etched dentin. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, combined with previous research on adhesion and microleakage, it is concluded that the new RMGI liner/base should minimize post-operative sensitivity in restorations.

title: Effect of a new liner/base on XXXX dentin permeability.

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is a devastating consequence of chronic @entity409 . The goal of this study was to investigate whether @entity1990 ( @entity1990 ) activity contributes to @entity157 initiation and progression in @entity19 . A @entity19 model of @entity107 ( @entity108 )-induced @entity157 was generated with wild-type and @entity1990 mutant @entity19 , and the development and progression of @entity157 and senescent responses were assessed using morphologic, immunological, and biochemical criteria. We found that genetic or pharmacologic blocking of @entity1990 increased susceptibility to @entity108 -induced @entity157 and progression, which was indicated by increases in number of @entity5 nodules, @entity5 volume, and @entity204 . The enhanced @entity157 was associated with a broad-spectrum reduction of immune response to @entity108 @entity99 , as indicated by decreases in the liver-infiltrating F4/80+ macrophages, the @entity15051 / @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase/NF-kB and @entity14055 signaling activities, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Suppressed immune networks resulted in a halt of cellular senescence induction in @entity1990 mutant liver tissue, which promoted proliferation and suppressed programmed cell death. Moreover, @entity1990 mutation resulted in a suppressed capacity of DNA repair due to a decrease in @entity1990 -medicated expression of DNA repair proteins @entity28702 in liver tissue and cells. Isotopic expression of @entity18046 in @entity1990 mutant @entity19 restored senescence and interrupted the positive feedback loop of DNA damage and oxidative stress, which reversed @entity1990 mutation-deteriorated @entity157 and progression. CONCLUSION: @entity1990 plays an integrated defense role against @entity157 by enhancing the expression and function of DNA repair protein @entity18046 . Our studies provide novel insight into @entity1990 activity in the regulation of @entity157 tumorigenesis, which may be useful for the prevention of @entity157 development.

title: XXXX activity protects against hepatocellular tumorigenesis and progression by regulating expression of DNA repair protein @entity18046 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['animal death']

entities_list: @entity15051 :: ('26408(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1']

answer: @entity1990 :: (21898(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Toll-like receptor 4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been identified as a potentially valuable tool for the rehabilitation of @entity73 after left hemisphere (LH) @entity64 , in populations of @entity1 with chronic @entity2026 . Applied to a homologue to Broca's area, rTMS is posited to modulate bilateral language networks, promoting measurable behavioral language change, in accordance with theories of transcallosal disinhibition arising from the damaged LH. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: The current investigation is an open-label study, presenting detailed case and group presentations on a population of seven nonfluent aphasic @entity1 . Behavioral language performance is presented on expressive and receptive language measures up to 8 months after a 10-day protocol of 1 Hz stimulation. This research aims to provide longitudinal behavioral language outcomes for @entity1 with @entity2026 , subsequent to rTMS and supplement previous studies to inform the clinical efficacy of rTMS. RESULTS: In accordance with previous investigations, significant improvements in picture naming, spontaneous elicited speech and auditory comprehension were found. Time of testing was identified as a significant main effect. Significant improvements in picture naming accuracy and decreases in picture naming latency were also identified. The results demonstrate sustained language improvements up to 8 months subsequent to TMS application. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation are consistent with the findings of previous research studies, reporting behavioral language changes after rTMS in nonfluent @entity2026 . Additional evidence is provided to demonstrate that rTMS may facilitate retrieval mechanisms involved in picture naming.

title: Improved receptive and expressive language abilities in nonfluent aphasic XXXX @entity1 after application of rTMS: an open protocol case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Marine bacteria play a central role in the degradation of @entity32927 ( @entity32928 ) to @entity27094 ( @entity13337 ) and @entity3678 , @entity13337 being critical to cloud formation and thereby cooling effects on the climate. High concentrations of @entity32928 and @entity13337 have been reported in scleractinian coral tissues although, to date, there have been no investigations into the influence of these organic @entity599 compounds on @entity10090 . Two coral species, Montipora aequituberculata and Acropora millepora, were sampled and their bacterial communities were characterized by both culture-dependent and molecular techniques. Four genera, Roseobacter, Spongiobacter, Vibrio, and Alteromonas, which were isolated on media with either @entity32928 or @entity13337 as the sole @entity505 source, comprised the majority of clones retrieved from coral mucus and tissue 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Clones affiliated with Roseobacter sp. constituted 28% of the M. aequituberculata tissue libraries, while 59% of the clones from the A. millepora libraries were affiliated with sequences related to the Spongiobacter genus. Vibrio spp. were commonly isolated from @entity13337 and @entity3678 enrichments and were also present in 16S rRNA gene libraries from coral mucus, suggesting that under "normal" environmental conditions, they are a natural component of coral-associated communities. Genes homologous to @entity32929 , and dddL, previously implicated in @entity32928 degradation, were also characterized from isolated strains, confirming that bacteria associated with corals have the potential to metabolize this @entity599 compound when present in coral tissues. Our results demonstrate that @entity32928 , @entity13337 , and @entity3678 potentially act as nutrient sources for @entity10090 and that these @entity599 compounds are likely to play a role in structuring bacterial communities in corals, with important consequences for the health of both corals and coral reef ecosystems.

title: XXXX and their role in the biogeochemical cycling of @entity599 .

entities_list: @entity10090 :: ('MESH:D018886', 'Disease') :: ['coral-associated bacteria']

entities_list: @entity3678 :: ('MESH:C036658', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylic acid']

entities_list: @entity27094 :: ('MESH:C004784', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfide']

entities_list: @entity32927 :: ('MESH:C068078', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoniopropionate']

answer: @entity10090 :: (MESH:D018886,Disease) :: ['Coral-associated bacteria']


abstract: This study aimed to examine the care-seeking choices for treatment of a @entity221 compatible with @entity311 in the public and private sectors in @entity4602 PDR. We conducted interviews with 745 heads of household in 14 villages in the Sekong province, using a structured-questionnaire. We asked each about who the care-providers were for @entity221 affecting their household members during the past year. If @entity1 used more than one care-provider for a single episode over a period of time, we identified patterns of the care-sequences for the initial and subsequent care choices. Then, we analyzed the relationship between the initial care choices and secondary care choices for care-providers by Chi-square test, categorizing care-providers into public (hospital, health centre, and village health volunteer) and private care-providers (private pharmacy, informal retailer, faith healing and herbs). As a result, we found that 624 @entity1 sought care at least once, 255 (40.9%) twice, and 66 (10.6%) three times or more during a single episode. Of 138 @entity1 who started with a public care-provider and then sought a secondary care, 71 (51.4%) switched to a private care-provider. In contrast, of 117 @entity1 who started with a private care-provider and then sought a secondary care, 82 (70.1%) switched to a public care-provider (p<0.001). In conclusion, although most @entity1 who failed being treated by a private care-provider switched to a public one, some exclusively relied on care within the private sector. An intervention is necessary to make the private sector an integral component of @entity311 treatment in @entity4602 PDR.

title: Public and private sector treatment of @entity311 in XXXX PDR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness episodes', 'febrile illness']

answer: @entity4602 :: (259307,Gene) :: ['Lao']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical two-dimensional (2D) and clinical three-dimensional echocardiography are validated against cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), the gold standard for left ventricular (LV) volume measurement. In rodents, there is no widely accepted echocardiographic measure of whole LV volumes, and CMR measurements vary among studies. The aim of this study was to compare LV volumes by 2D echocardiography (using a @entity7975 [ @entity7975 ] model) with @entity7975 and full-volume (FV) CMR in normal and diseased @entity35 to measure the impact of geometric models and imaging modalities. METHODS: @entity35 (n  = 27) underwent ascending aortic banding, @entity583 induction by either permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation or @entity63 -reperfusion, and sham thoracotomy. Subsequently, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction were measured using an @entity7975 2D echocardiographic model combining parasternal short- @entity2270 and long- @entity2270 measurements, and these were compared with @entity7975 and FV CMR. RESULTS: Diseased groups showed @entity1002 . @entity7975 echocardiographic and FV CMR measures of end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction were correlated. On Bland-Altman plots, end-diastolic volumes were concordant between both methods, while @entity7975 echocardiography underestimated end-systolic volumes, resulting in a modest overestimation of ejection fractions compared with FV CMR. Other 2D echocardiographic geometric models offered less concordance with FV CMR than @entity7975 . @entity7975 CMR overestimated LV volumes compared with FV CMR, while @entity7975 echocardiography underestimated @entity7975 CMR volumes. Echocardiography underestimated corresponding LV dimensions by CMR, particularly short @entity2270 . CONCLUSIONS: Concordant measures of LV volume and function were obtained using (1) a relatively simple @entity7975 model of the left ventricle inclusive of two orthogonal 2D echocardiographic planes and (2) FV CMR in normal and diseased @entity35 . The @entity7975 model appeared to compensate for the underestimation of LV dimensions by echocardiography.

title: Comparison of echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular volumes to full volume magnetic resonance imaging in normal and diseased XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity7975 :: ('MESH:D006832', 'Disease') :: ['HC', 'hemisphere-cylinder']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilatation and dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']