abstract: @entity3409 ( @entity3280 ) is a widespread environmental pollutant, which is associated with a wide variety of cytotoxic and metabolic effects. Recent studies showed that intoxication with the heavy metal most importantly targets the integrity of the epithelial barrier. In our study, the lung epithelial cell line, NCI H441, was cultured with the endothelial cell line, ISO-HAS-1, as a bilayer on a 24-well HTS-Transwell filter plate. This coculture model was exposed to various concentrations of @entity10278 . The transepithelial electrical resistance decreased on the apical side only after treatment with high @entity3280 concentrations after 48 h. By contrast, a breakdown of TER to less than 5% of baseline could be observed much earlier (after 24 h) when @entity3280 was administered from the basal side. Observations of cell layer fragmentation and widening of intercellular spaces confirmed the barrier breakdown only for the basolaterally treated samples. Furthermore, the @entity137 and release of proinflammatory markers was enhanced if samples were exposed to @entity3280 from the basal side compared to treatment from the apical side. Moreover, we could demonstrate that a high concentration of @entity141 could prevent the barrier-disrupting effect of @entity3280 . In conclusion, the exposure of @entity3280 to cocultures of lung cells caused a decrease in TER, major morphological changes, a reduction of cell viability and an increase of cytokine release, but the effects markedly differed between the two modes of exposure. Therefore, our results suggest that intact epithelial TJs may play a major role in protecting the air-blood barrier from inhaled @entity3280 .

title: Side-specific effects by XXXX exposure: apical and basolateral treatment in a coculture model of the blood-air barrier.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: The movement of @entity3151 (P) in subsurface flow can contribute to losses from agricultural land. This study aims to identify a soil P threshold above which P loss is likely to accelerate as a function of soil and management type. Lysimeters (25 cm i.d. by 30 cm deep) were taken of four soils from agricultural watersheds in Pennsylvania and New York. The soils had a range of Mehlich-3 extractable P (7-517 mg of P kg(-1)) in surface soil (0-7.5 cm for grassland and 0-23 cm for cultivated/arable) and reactive P, filtered <0.45 microm ( @entity6391 (<0.45 microm) in subsurface flow (0.007-1.53 mg of P L(-1)). The loss of P from lysimeters increased greatly when Mehlich-3 extractable P was in excess of a mean concentration of 280 mg kg(-1), the degree of saturation of P sorption sites exceeded 38%, and the corrected P sorption strength (corrected for desorption) derived from the monolayer Langmuir equation was less than 0.07 L of P mg(-1). Of these variables, P sorption strength was most consistently related to @entity6391 (<0.45 microm) in subsurface flow across a range of soil managements. Use of the corrected Langmuir sorption strength parameter to estimate subsurface flow @entity6391 (<0.45 microm) derived from four U.S. soils was tested on four soils of different physiochemical characteristics (one calcareous) from the U.K. The U.K. soils showed similar concentration trends to the U.S. soils, with elevated @entity6391 (<0.45 microm) below a sorption strength of 0.07 L of P mg(-1). We propose that the P sorption strength derived from the monolayer Langmuir equation may be used to estimate the potential for P loss in subsurface flow, when simpler environmental tests such as P saturation derived from acid @entity11439 extraction are unclear or unsuitable.

title: Indicator to predict the movement of XXXX from soil to subsurface flow.

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity11439 :: ('MESH:D019815', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium oxalate']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The extent of the lymphadenectomy (LAE) as well as the appearance of @entity1600 are important prognostic factors in the treatment of the @entity1606 of the bladder ( @entity8214 ). However there is still the need to discuss the dimension of the LAE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pubmed was searched with regard to guidelines for the treatment of muscle invasive @entity8214 . In particular, operation techniques, the appearance of @entity1600 , lymph node mapping, histopathological and radiological detection methods, as well as the risk of positive lymph nodes were analysed. RESULTS: The confirmation of @entity1600 is associated with a poorer outcome. Besides knowledge of @entity3 pathways, an extensive and careful pathological reprocessing is one cornerstone of the procedure. Molecular markers seem to support the detection of micrometastasis. The extended LAE is associated with a better long-term survival rate compared to the limited LAE. New operation techniques such as laparoscopic or robot-assisted cystectomy are associated with lower peri- and postoperative morbidity, but the extended LAE is more challenging using these techniques. There are no long-term results available yet for these methods. Most data regarding lymphadenectomy and survival rate are based on retrospective studies thus decreasing the level of evidence. CONCLUSION: An extended LAE shows retrospectively a better outcome in @entity1 with @entity1600 in @entity8214 . Therefore an extended LAE should be performed in @entity1 with muscle invasive @entity8214 . New methods for detecting @entity1600 are elevating the confirmation rate.

title: [The importance of lymphadenectomy for XXXX of the @entity1 bladder - a review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: We report on our results using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE- @entity15 ) to examine @entity1 bodyfluids. To demonstrate the versatility of this approach, data on two different bodyfluids, urine and cerebrospinal fluid, are shown. CE- @entity15 analysis of @entity1 urine enables the identification of a series of polypeptides which serve as biomarkers for a variety of different @entity8 . The @entity23269 are utilized to generate disease-specific polypeptide patterns. Diagnosis of these diseases is possible based on these polypeptide patters. Further, due to the high mass accuracy, polypeptides of interest can subsequently be identified using tandem @entity15 ( @entity15 ) analysis. The patterns, which are based on distinct polypeptides, allow differentiation of even similar diseases like @entity628 ( @entity628 ) and @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ). We present preliminary data suggesting that the indicative polypeptides also enable to evaluate therapy success. Initial data obtained on @entity1 cerebrospinal fluid strongly suggest that CE- @entity15 analysis of low-molecular-weight proteins and peptides reveals several potential biomarkers for @entity161 as well as @entity195 . In conclusion, the data presented here indicate that CE- @entity15 analysis, applied towards different @entity1 bodyfluids, holds the promise to allow diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of therapy success of a large number of diseases, due to its ability to display ca. 1000 individual native polypeptides within ca. 60 min.

title: Discovery of biomarkers in XXXX urine and cerebrospinal fluid by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry: towards new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity23269 :: ('MESH:D010455', 'Chemical') :: ['polypeptides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The correction of cervical @entity1513 is a challenging problem in spinal surgery. Several reports exist regarding the surgical correction of severe rigid cervical @entity1513 ; however, no detailed reports exist on the correction of severe @entity2003 . The goal of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiographic outcomes of surgical treatment for severe @entity2003 .Thirteen @entity1 with severe @entity2003 who were treated with primary halo ring cervical traction for 7 to 16 days (average, 10 days) were studied. When the preoperative @entity1513 was corrected by at least 30%, they underwent fusion and correction using internal screw-rod fixation via a posterior approach. All @entity1 were followed up for 25 to 62 months (average, 46 months). The results were studied clinically and radiographically. The average cervical @entity1513 was 45.3 degrees on admission and was corrected to -0.8 degrees postoperatively and was -0.4 degrees at final follow-up. There was a mean improvement of 4.7 in the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, from a mean score of 10.7 on admission to 15.4 at final follow-up. Nerve function improved 74.6% on average. All @entity1 underwent solid bony fusion within 6 months postoperatively. A transient @entity2244 was noted in 2 @entity1 .Primary halo ring traction with posterior correction using subsequent internal screw-rod fixation proved to be safe and effective for treating severe @entity2003 . This treatment can achieve the goals of complete spinal cord decompression and @entity85 correction.

title: Posterior surgery assisted by halo ring traction for the treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['C5 nerve paresis']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid nonangular cervical kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['rigid nonangular cervical kyphosis']


abstract: In 1977 an association was reported between the prevalence of @entity1576 and use of gas for cooking at home in a national sample of six to 11 year olds living in England and Scotland (p less than .10). Other variables such as social class and number of cigarette smokers at home did not seem to explain the association. As the gas cooker is an unflued appliance emitting a variety of pollutants during gas combustion it was suggested that indoor air pollution might explain the finding. @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) was suspected so a series of studies was conducted to investigate the distribution of levels of @entity6836 in the home, the relative contribution of sources of @entity6836 to indoor exposure and the relation between @entity1576 in six to 11 year olds and levels of @entity6836 in the home. The gas cooker was found to be one of the main sources of @entity6836 in the home. Winter weekly averages in kitchens with gas cookers had a mean of 112.2 ppb (n = 428, range 5-317 ppb). Levels in electric cooking kitchens were significantly lower (n = 87, mean 18 ppb, range 6-188 ppb). Studies of health indicated a relation between @entity1576 and bedroom levels of @entity6836 over the range 4-169 ppb (p .10). Results for living room levels of @entity6836 suggested a similar but non-significant relationship (p greater than .10). No relation was found for kitchen levels of @entity6836 . For schoolchildren any effect on health from indoor @entity6836 is likely to be weak. However other sections of the population such as @entity1 and the elderly who may spend more time indoors and are particularly susceptible to @entity1576 need to be studied to assess fully the impact that @entity6836 may be having on health.

title: Investigations into the relations between @entity1576 in XXXX , gas cooking and @entity7459 in the U.K.

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A surge of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) into the bloodstream occurs in hamsters every 4 days between 1:30 p.m. and 3 p.m. in response to a signal from a biological clock. This surge initiates behavioral estrus approximately 2 h later and ovulation approximately 12 h later. @entity109 at a dose > or = 100 mg/kg consistently blocks LH release. @entity17166 and @entity1245 drugs have separate binding sites in the GABAA receptor/ @entity2865 channel complex. Binding of either drug increases @entity1246 -mediated @entity2865 conductance, which suppresses the postsynaptic neuron. Barbiturate binding also increases @entity1245 binding. This suggested that these drugs might synergize to inhibit LH release. A combination of @entity5756 and @entity109 at doses of 10 mg/kg injected s.c. at 1:30 p.m. inhibited ovulation and extended the 4-day vaginal cycle in all treated hamsters. Either drug dose injected alone at 1:30 p.m., or the combination at 3 p.m., was completely ineffective. Bicuculline prevented inhibition by the combination at 1:30 p.m. The clock signal for LH release may act by antagonizing @entity1246 transmission, which may be chronically inhibiting LH release. The combination delimited a 75-min period (1:30-2:45 p.m.) within which the clock signal for LH release occurred in all individuals (ET50 = 2:08 p.m.). This period appears to arise from individuals with different but constant clock settings rather than from a 75-min variation in the clock setting of the individual.

title: Synergistic inhibition by XXXX and barbiturate drugs of the clock control of ovulation in hamsters.

entities_list: @entity5756 :: ('MESH:D014229', 'Chemical') :: ['triazolam']

entities_list: @entity17166 :: ('MESH:C032232', 'Chemical') :: ['Barbiturate']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital', 'Phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe forms of @entity1569 have been treated successfully with @entity205 (cyA) in @entity4324 . The aim of the present investigation was to record and evaluate this drug treatment in Latin American @entity1 with severe @entity1569 in a multicenter controlled dose-efficacy study. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-two @entity1 from 10 Latin American countries had on entry to the study a Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) of 18 or more. Initial treatment was with cyA, 2.5 mg per kg per day for 6 weeks. At week 6, 27 @entity1 with a baseline PASI score reduction of < 33% had the dose increased to 4 mg/kg/day. At week 12, 48 @entity1 , who had not improved their baseline PASI scores by 66% or more, had their dose increased to 4 or 5 mg/kg/day, respectively. At the end of the study, 74 @entity1 (56%) received cyA 2.5 mg/kg/day, 41 @entity1 (31%) received 4 mg/kg/day, and 16 @entity1 (12%) received 5 mg/kg/day. RESULTS: @entity205 treatment was considered successful in 84.7% of the @entity1 , who reduced their initial PASI score by 66% or more at the end of treatment at week 18. Adverse effects were seen in 29 @entity1 (19%). @entity101 occurred in 27% and an increase of serum @entity1011 level above 30% of the initial value in 40% of @entity1 . Among other side effects were @entity344 (5.1%), @entity3427 (4.3%), @entity925 (2.2%), joint @entity158 (2.2%), @entity1729 (2.2%), @entity10 (1.4%), and @entity548 (0.7%). Twenty-one @entity1 (13.8%) were withdrawn from the study for various reasons: adverse events in five cases (3.3%), noncompliance in five cases (3.3%), lack of efficacy in three cases (2%) and nonrelated diseases in two cases (1.3%). There were also six @entity1 of a group that finished earlier than planned. A follow-up at 8 weeks after treatment was performed in 106 @entity1 ; in this phase 60 @entity1 (56.5%) continued with their previous successful PASI reduction. Relapses (i.e., PASI increasing by more than 50% over baseline) were seen in 22.6% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity205 is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for severe @entity1569 . An initial dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day is recommended. Most of the @entity1 have a good response to this dose.

title: Low-dose @entity205 improves severe disabling XXXX in Latin America. Latin American Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity4324 :: ('MESH:C567261', 'Disease') :: ['Europe and North America']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Our experience (January 1982-May 1987) concerns 41 @entity1 , operated upon for @entity1580 (30 @entity1 ) or @entity439 (11 @entity1 ) using @entity1167 with @entity2332 . There were 24 male and 17 female @entity1 (mean age: 55 years 9 months, range 32-73 years). The mean @entity1167 time in minutes was 41 +/- 3 (mean rectal temperature before @entity1167 was 18.4 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C). Total (24 @entity1 ) or partial (16 @entity1 ) replacement of the aortic arch was performed. One @entity1 with a sacciform @entity439 had the aortic wall defect closed. Hospital mortality was 22% +/- 7% (9 @entity1 ): 8 of 30 @entity1 with @entity1580 (26.6%) and 1 of 11 @entity1 with @entity449 (9%). @entity16 occurred in 3 @entity1 . These data lead us to prefer @entity1167 with @entity2332 as the method of choice for aortic arch surgery. However, when a short @entity1167 time (less than 30 min) for the repair is foreseeable, mild @entity2332 (20 degrees C-24 degrees C) may be preferred. In @entity1 who will not tolerate excessive cardiopulmonary bypass times, expected difficulties with the repair should suggest mild @entity2332 and short @entity1167 in easier cases or moderate @entity2332 with brachiocephalic perfusion in the others.

title: Should @entity1167 with XXXX be revised in aortic arch surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['deep hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['deep hypothermia']


abstract: @entity15940 (ABS), approved for the treatment of @entity120 and administered as an oral dose once daily, is an ET(A)-selective endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) and a potential substrate for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, organic anion-transporting polypeptide ( @entity3379 ), and @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ). @entity205 ( @entity870 ), an inhibitor of @entity5322 , @entity1262 , and @entity3379 , may be used concomitantly with ABS. In this open-label, parallel-treatment study, 28 healthy subjects received steady-state ABS (5 mg q.d.) either alone or with steady-state @entity870 (100-150 mg b.i.d.), and 24 other subjects received steady-state @entity870 either alone or with steady-state ABS. In the presence of @entity870 , ABS maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) increased 1.5-fold, and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC)(0-  ) increased twofold. Marginal increases were observed for @entity870 C(max) (906 vs. 1,014 ng/ml) and AUC(0-  ) (3.05 vs. 3.37   g  h/ml) in the presence of ABS. Frequent adverse events (AEs) were @entity10 and @entity344 . The addition of ABS to steady-state @entity870 appeared less tolerable as compared with the addition of @entity870 to steady-state ABS. A maximum ABS dose of 5 mg is recommended if it is coadministered with @entity870 . No change in @entity870 dose is recommended if it is coadministered with ABS.

title: Potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between XXXX and @entity205 .

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity15940 :: ('MESH:C467894', 'Chemical') :: ['Ambrisentan']

answer: @entity15940 :: (MESH:C467894,Chemical) :: ['ambrisentan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several authors have reported results obtained with the microendoscopic diskectomy (MED) technique, but the long-term outcome has not been described. This report summarizes our clinical experience with the lumbar MED technique with a long-term follow-up period. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the MED for @entity890 and to report long-term outcome and complications (5-year follow-up). METHODS: One hundred twenty consecutive @entity1 with @entity890 were treated with the METRx system.We included all types of lumbar herniated disks: contained, not contained, foraminal, and @entity890 . The results were evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) @entity158 score, @entity717 Index score, @entity1 satisfaction questionnaire, and modified Macnab criteria. RESULTS: The average age of @entity1 was 41 years; 65 were @entity1 and 55 were @entity1 . The most commonly affected level was L5-S1 (54.2%). The follow-up time after surgery was 5 years in all cases. We obtained good or excellent results in 75% of @entity1 and regular results in 18%. Good subjective satisfaction was observed with surgery in 92% of @entity1 . The mean decrease in the @entity717 Index score was 52.8    21.6; the mean decrease in leg VAS score was 6.1    2.3; and the mean decrease in lumbar VAS score was 1.9    3.3. Adjusted mean differences were statistically significant in all cases (P < .05). CONCLUSION: MED not only reduces the incision, tissue damage, and postoperative period of incapacity but also offers long-term results comparable to those of conventional techniques.

title: Long-term outcome after microendoscopic diskectomy for XXXX : a prospective clinical study with a 5-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disk herniation', 'migrated disk herniations']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disk herniation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study set out to evaluate the hearing changes that occur during intratympanic @entity801 therapy and to correlate them with the long-term effects of the treatment on the control of vertigo and on hearing. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary medical center. @entity1 : The 71 @entity1 included in the study had been diagnosed with unilateral M  ni  re's Disease as defined within the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery guidelines, and had been refractory to medical treatment for at least 1 year. INTERVENTION: Intratympanic injections of @entity801 at a concentration of 27 mg/ml were performed at weekly intervals until indications of @entity394 appeared in the treated ear. If there was a recurrence of the episodes of vertigo, an additional course of injections was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery criteria for reporting the treatment outcome for M  ni  re's Disease were used. During the period of @entity801 instillation, weekly audiograms were obtained. The results of the treatment were expressed in terms of control of vertigo and hearing level. RESULTS: Vertigo was controlled by @entity801 instillation in 83.1% of the 71 @entity1 . Two years after the treatment, @entity393 as a result of the @entity801 injections was observed in only 11 (15.5%) @entity1 . The recurrence of spells of vertigo after having initially achieved complete control was noted in 17 (23.9%) @entity1 . @entity393 at the end of the treatment occurred in 32.4% of the @entity1 , but it was transitory so that 3 months after ending the treatment it was 12.7% and after 2 years it was 15.5%. Those @entity1 in whom no change in their level of hearing occurred during the treatment needed another course of injections and presented poorer overall control of vertigo. CONCLUSIONS: Ending weekly intratympanic injections when clinical signs of vestibular deafferentation appear results in the control of vertigo in the majority of @entity1 . The hearing changes detected during the treatment are transitory and are the only clinical sign that predicts the response to @entity801 instillation.

title: XXXX after intratympanic @entity801 therapy for unilateral M  ni  re's Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular hypofunction']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['Hearing loss']


abstract: @entity2383 have been associated with @entity528 and are characteristic of neurodegenerative conditions. Caspases play a central role in apoptosis; however, their involvement in @entity2383 -induced @entity528 remains elusive. In the present report using @entity3788 , a complex I inhibitor that causes @entity2383 , we determined the initiator caspase and its role in cell @entity204 in primary cultures of cortical neurons from young adult @entity19 (1-2 months old). By pretreating the cells with a cell-permeable, biotinylated pan-caspase inhibitor that irreversibly binds to and traps the active caspase, we identified @entity7347 as an initiator caspase activated in @entity3788 -treated primary neurons. Loss of @entity7347 inhibited @entity3788 -induced apoptosis; however, these neurons underwent a delayed cell @entity204 by @entity39 . We further found that @entity7347 acts upstream of mitochondria to mediate @entity3788 -induced apoptosis in neurons. The loss of @entity7347 significantly inhibited @entity3788 -induced activation of @entity7348 and @entity1380 and the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor from mitochondria. @entity3788 -induced downstream activation of @entity185 and @entity7349 were also inhibited in the neurons lacking @entity7347 . Autophagy was enhanced in @entity7347 knock-out neurons after @entity3788 treatment, and this response was important in prolonging neuronal survival. In summary, the present study identifies a novel function of @entity7347 in mitochondrial oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in neurons cultured from young adult @entity19 .

title: Loss of XXXX -dependent apoptosis induces autophagy after mitochondrial oxidative stress in primary cultures of young adult cortical neurons.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone', 'Rotenone']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'Mitochondrial dysfunctions']

answer: @entity7347 :: (12366(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['caspase-2']


abstract: @entity4847 include @entity3292 , @entity808 , and @entity4847 . In recent years, nerve @entity5 showing discrete areas of more than one histologic type have been described. We have recently recognized @entity5 showing hybrid features of @entity808 and soft tissue @entity4847 . To characterize the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of these lesions, 42 cases received between 1994 and 2008 were retrieved from authors' consult and surgical pathology files. Clinical details and follow-up were obtained from referring pathologists. @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained sections were reexamined, and immunohistochemistry was performed. On 10 cases, double labeling with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and @entity2281 protein was performed. Twenty-two @entity1 were female and 20 were male (mean age, 38 y; range: 2 to 85; 71% second to fifth decades). Most @entity1 presented with a solitary painless nodule. The @entity5 arose in a wide distribution: 19 lower limb, 12 upper limb, 6 head and neck, 4 trunk, and 1 colon. None of the @entity1 showed signs of @entity4786 . @entity5 size ranged from 0.7 to 17.5 cm (mean, 3 cm). Most @entity5 involved superficial subcutis (11 also dermis); only 3 were intramuscular. Histologically, the @entity5 were usually well circumscribed but unencapsulated, and composed of spindle cells with plump, tapering nuclei, and palely eosinophilic cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders, arranged in a storiform, whorled, and/or lamellar architecture. Only 1 @entity5 showed infiltrative margins. One @entity5 showed a plexiform growth pattern. Antoni A and B zonation and hyaline vessels were absent. Six @entity5 showed focally myxoid stroma and 11 contained scattered cells with @entity179 . Mitoses ranged from 0 to 4 per 30 high power fields; 32 @entity5 had no mitoses. All @entity5 showed staining for @entity2281 protein and EMA; 98% were positive for @entity2280 , 84% for @entity538 , and 80% for @entity3670 . Fourteen @entity5 contained rare neurofilament protein-positive axons. Double staining for EMA and @entity2281 protein revealed parallel layers of alternating @entity2281 and EMA-positive cells with no coexpression of antigens by the same cells. Most @entity5 were composed of approximately 60% to 70% of Schwann cells and 30% to 40% of perineurial cells. After a mean follow-up of 24 months (range, 6 to 60 mo), 1 @entity5 recurred locally, after incomplete excision. @entity4847 showing predominantly schwannian cytomorphology and @entity4847 -like architecture are composed of an admixture of both cell types. These @entity5 usually arise in the dermis and subcutis and occur over a wide age range and anatomic distribution. @entity179 (akin to that seen in ancient @entity808 and @entity3292 ) is relatively common. @entity808 / @entity4847 have no evident association with @entity4786 and rarely recur. The pathogenetic basis of the dual pattern of differentiation in these lesions remains poorly understood at this time.

title: @entity808 / XXXX : clinicopathologic analysis of 42 distinctive @entity4847 .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas', 'Hybrid schwannoma', 'schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sheath tumors', 'tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['atypical neurofibroma', 'neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative nuclear atypia', 'Degenerative nuclear atypia']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['perineurioma', 'Benign nerve sheath tumors', 'perineuriomas']

answer: @entity4847 :: (MESH:D018317,Disease) :: ['perineurioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We wished to develop an ultrasound cephalometric analysis, particularly of the antero-posterior jaw relationship, to increase the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of @entity8895 during the routine midterm test. METHODS: Anatomical cephalometric analysis was performed in 18 @entity406 -fixed @entity1 fetuses (between 16 and 39 gestational weeks), and ultrasound cephalometry was prospectively carried out in 52 pregnant @entity1 (21 to 25 gestational weeks). The same landmarks were used in the anatomical and ultrasound median sagittal planes for comparison. Four cephalometric angles were measured relative to the anterior cranial base: alveolar projection of the maxilla and the mandible, chin projection, and facial angle. The antero-posterior jaw discrepancy was calculated. RESULTS: The projection of the maxilla was similar in the two cephalometric analyses (IC [-3.39, 0.23]), whereas the values of the projection of the mandible were lower in the ultrasound sample. The slope of the regression line of the antero-posterior jaw discrepancy on fetuses' age did not show significant differences (IC [-0.05, 1.54]) between anatomical and ultrasound cephalometry, although a difference of 3.23      0.78   (IC [1.69, 4.77]) was observed. Despite this variability, the projections of mandible and chin were well determined by the projection of the maxilla both in the anatomical and ultrasound sample. CONCLUSIONS: Cephalometric analysis by prenatal sonography can be performed to study the antero-posterior jaw relationship. We think that this procedure could be useful to improve prenatal diagnosis of @entity8895 in high-risk pregnancies. Further studies should address the reproducibility and accuracy of such analysis.

title: Prenatal assessment of the antero-posterior jaw relationship in XXXX fetuses: from anatomical to ultrasound cephalometric analysis.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity8895 :: ('MESH:D063173', 'Disease') :: ['retrognathism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The objectives of the study were to examine a relationship between @entity2681 affecting the palatal aspects of permanent maxillary central incisors with dietary, behavioral and medical variables. The methods included, 251 schoolchildren aged 11 to 13 years were recruited to participate. Each subject had dental impressions of the palatal aspects of both upper central incisors recorded at baseline, 9 and 18 months intervals. From these, electroconductive replicas were fabricated, mapped and compared using a surface matching technique. At the end of the study all @entity1 underwent a structured interview that sought to assay the level of potential erosive dietary, behavioral and medical risk factors. Correlation analyses of the responses given in the final structured interview with the degrees of @entity2524 (both previous and measured) were under taken. The results showed: (1) The degree of previous @entity2681 did not predict the level of measured ongoing @entity2681 . (2) Brushing the teeth more frequently with fluoridated toothpaste correlated significantly with lower levels of ongoing @entity2681 (P = 0 011). It was concluded that: (1) Evidence of previous @entity2419 did not predict future @entity2681 . (2) The application of topical @entity1388 as a by-product of tooth brushing may provide an element of protection against @entity2419 . (3) In view of the lack of correlation between exposure to potential risk factors and the level of ongoing palatal tooth surface loss in this study, other factors (such as an individual's susceptibility and salivary buffering power) may well be more important predictors. The clinical relevance included: Preventive advice to @entity1 with @entity2681 should not only include the use of topical @entity1388 , in the form of toothpaste, but recognize individual susceptibility to this condition.

title: XXXX : no correlation with dietary variables?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['tooth erosion', 'erosion', 'dental erosion']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['palatal tooth substance loss']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatal erosion']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Maxillary incisor palatal erosion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify risk factors for lower quality of life (QOL) in non-metastatic @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: Our study included 120 @entity1 from the University Hospital Centers of Tours and Poitiers. This cross-sectional study was conducted 7 months after @entity1 ' @entity0 diagnosis and assessed QOL (Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30   =   QLQ-C30), socio-demographic characteristics, coping strategies (Brief- @entity5786 ), physiological and biological variables (e.g., initial @entity5 severity and types of treatment received), the existence of major @entity308 (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and @entity158 severity (Questionnaire de Douleur Saint Antoine). We assessed @entity1314 3 months after diagnosis (Vragenlijst voor Kenmerken van de Persoonlijkheid questionnaire). We used multiple linear regression models to determine which factors were associated with physical, emotional, and global QOL. RESULTS: Lower physical QOL was associated with major @entity308 , younger age, a more severe initial @entity5 stage, and the use of the behavioral disengagement coping. Lower emotional QOL was associated with major @entity308 , the existence of a @entity1314 , a more severe @entity158 level, higher use of self-blame, and lower use of acceptance coping strategies. Lower global QOL was associated with major @entity308 , the existence of a @entity1314 , a more severe @entity158 level, higher use of self-blame, lower use of positive reframing coping strategies, and an absence of hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Lower QOL scores were more strongly associated with variables related to the individual's premorbid psychological characteristics and the manner in which this individual copes with the @entity5 (e.g., @entity308 , personality, and coping) than to @entity5 -related variables (e.g., treatment types and @entity5 severity). Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Major @entity308 , @entity1314 , and coping strategies are independent risk factors for lower quality of life in non-metastatic XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'personality disorders']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to assess the results of extended @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) for a two surgeon, single institution series. In total, extended @entity2649 with bilateral decompression was performed in 57 @entity1 . @entity158 , American @entity3510 Association scores, @entity1 demographics, body mass index (BMI), perioperative indices and radiographic measurements were recorded and analysed. The surgeries were performed between February 2011 and January 2014 on 38 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 . The mean @entity1 age was 62.86years, and the mean BMI was 30.31kg/m(2). In 49 @entity1 , spondylolisthesis was the primary indication. The mean intraoperative time was 284.65min, and this decreased as the series progressed. The median length of stay was 5days (range: 2-9). The surgical complication rate was 19.3%. Two @entity1 died from cardiopulmonary complications. Single level @entity2649 was performed in 78.9% of the cohort, with L4/5 the most commonly fused level. Significant @entity158 reduction was achieved from a mean (  standard deviation) preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) of 8.28  1.39 to 1.50  1.05 at 12months postoperatively. No @entity1 deteriorated neurologically. Spondylolisthesis was significantly corrected from a preoperative mean of 6.82mm to 2.80mm postoperatively. Although there is a learning curve associated with the procedure, extended @entity2649 with bilateral facet joint removal and decompression appeared to be a safe and effective alternative to other fusion techniques, and our results were comparable to other published case series. The stabilisation and correction of @entity85 reduces @entity158 , aids neurologic recovery and improves quality of life.

title: Outcomes of extended XXXX for lumbar spondylosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['TLIF', 'transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: We previously reported that platelets promote hepatocyte proliferation. In this study, we focused on the role of platelets in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in addition to their role in hepatocyte in @entity409 . METHODS: Immortalized @entity1 LSECs (TMNK-1) were used. The LSECs were co-cultured with @entity1 platelets, and the proliferation of LSECs and the excretion of growth factors and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) were subsequently measured. The main factor from platelets which induced the excretion of @entity650 from LSECs was determined using inhibitors of each component contained in the platelets. The need for direct contact between platelets and LSECs was investigated using cell culture inserts. The proliferation of @entity1 primary hepatocytes was measured after the addition of the supernatant of LSECs cultured with or without platelets. RESULTS: The number of LSECs cocultured with platelets significantly increased. Excretion of @entity650 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) increased in LSECs with platelets. @entity24746 , a specific antagonist for @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ) 2 receptors, inhibited the excretion of @entity650 from LSECs after the addition of platelets. When the platelets and LSECs were separated by the cell culture insert, the excretion of @entity650 from LSECs was decreased. DNA synthesis was significantly increased in @entity1 primary hepatocytes cultured with the supernatant of LSECs with platelets. CONCLUSIONS: Platelets promote LSEC proliferation and induce @entity650 and @entity7 production. Direct contact between the platelets and LSECs and @entity5596 , that are contained in platelets, were involved in the excretion of @entity650 from LSECs. @entity650 from LSECs induced proliferation of parenchymal hepatocytes.

title: Activation of @entity1 liver sinusoidal endothelial cell by XXXX platelets induces hepatocyte proliferation.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine 1-phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to examine time and energy optimization strategies for movements made with and against gravity. In Experiment 1, the authors manipulated concurrent @entity227 , and knowledge about feedback. When vision was eliminated upon movement initiation, @entity1 exhibited greater undershooting, both with their primary submovement and their final endpoint, than when vision was available. When aiming downward, @entity1 were more likely to terminate their aiming following the primary submovement or complete a lower amplitude corrective submovement. This strategy reduced the frequency of energy-consuming corrections against gravity. In Experiment 2, the authors eliminated vision of the hand and the target at the end of the movement. This procedure was expected to have its greatest impact under no-vision conditions where no @entity227 was available for subsequent planning. As anticipated, direction and concurrent @entity227 had a profound impact on endpoint bias. @entity1 exhibited pronounced undershooting when aiming downward and without vision. Differences in undershooting between vision and no vision were greater under blocked feedback conditions. When performers were uncertain about the impending feedback, they planned their movements for the worst-case scenario. Thus movement planning considers the variability in execution, and avoids outcomes that require time and energy to correct.

title: The influence of XXXX and prior knowledge about feedback on vertical aiming strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual feedback']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual feedback']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: In a randomised trial comparing transobturator tape (TOT) to retropubic @entity365 ( @entity365 ) for @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ), vaginal examination at 12  months showed that tapes were palpable for 80.0  % of the TOT group versus 26.7  % of the @entity365 group. We hypothesized that this difference would lead to more @entity1 in the TOT group experiencing @entity365 or other serious adverse events compared to @entity1 in the @entity365 group 5 years after surgery. METHODS: All @entity1 were invited to join the follow-up study after being randomised to receive TOT or @entity365 for @entity3142 . Consenting @entity1 had a vaginal examination, a pad test for @entity322 ( @entity322 ) and completed Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaires (HRQOL). @entity1 unable to attend the clinic completed questionnaires only. The primary composite outcome incorporated mesh exposure, urinary retention, repeat incontinence surgery and moderate to severe @entity2371 . Assuming 80  % follow-up, our study would have 67  % power to detect a difference in primary outcome (two-sided 5  % level of significance). Comparisons between groups used chi-square tests and t tests. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-six (88.4  %) @entity1 participated in the 5-year follow-up (83 TOT, 93 @entity365 ). The primary composite outcome occurred in 21.8  % of the TOT and 27.6  % of the @entity365 groups [difference   =-5.8  %, 95  % confidence interval (CI) -18.9  % to 7.3  %, p value 0.39)] Vaginal examination found more @entity1 with palpable tapes in the TOT versus the @entity365 group (48.5  % versus 22.4  %, p value 0.001). There were no other significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Serious adverse events and tape effectiveness did not differ between groups at 5 years. Palpable tape remains a concern for @entity1 who receive TOT for treating @entity3142 .

title: Transobturator tape versus retropubic @entity365 for XXXX : 5-year safety and effectiveness outcomes following a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['tension-free vaginal tape', 'vaginal mesh erosion', 'TVT']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress urinary incontinence', 'SUI']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['stress urinary incontinence']


abstract: @entity6205 @entity3502 , first described by Buschke and L  wenstein in 1925 as a @entity546 , is extremely rare in the anorectal region. The cauliflower-like @entity5 behaves clinically in a malignant fashion, although it shows no histomorphological criteria of @entity5 . Up to the time of writing only 33 cases of anorectal origin, 42% with malignant transformation, have been published. The authors report 2 more cases of @entity957 in @entity3502 . Buschke-L  wenstein @entity5 is an intermediate entity between "ordinary" condyloma @entity3502 and @entity957 . @entity6205 @entity3502 is caused by @entity21773 or 11. Carcinogenic cofactors promote the transition to giant, locally destructive condyloma @entity3502 and subsequent malignant transformation. Cure can only be achieved by early and radical excision. Formation of multiple @entity292 and destruction of the sphincter may necessitate abdomino-perineal resection. Adjuvant radiation therapy should only be considered to render a @entity5 operable, as radiation may act as a cocarcinogenic effect and lead to a less differentiated and more @entity5 . The small number of cases reported and the variety of treatment regimens applied, however, do not allow the formulation of definitive therapeutic guidelines.

title: Invasive XXXX in @entity6205 (Buschke-L  wenstein @entity5 ).

entities_list: @entity21773 :: ('31552', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus 6']

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['Giant condyloma', 'Benign condyloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'aggressive cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3502 :: ('MESH:D003218', 'Disease') :: ['acuminata', 'giant anorectal condylomata acuminata']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile lesion']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']


abstract: We hypothesized that dysregulation of @entity880 / @entity2388 ( @entity3338 ) transporters (MCT) and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) isoforms contribute to the Warburg effect in @entity5 . Therefore, we assayed for the expression levels and the localizations of @entity3339 ), and @entity3340 ) isoforms in @entity0 cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and compared results with those from a control, untransformed primary breast cell line, HMEC 184. Remarkably, @entity3195 is not expressed in MDA-MB-231, but @entity3195 is expressed in MCF-7 cells, where its abundance is less than in control HMEC 184 cells. When present in HMEC 184 and MCF-7 cells, @entity3195 is localized to the plasma membrane. @entity3341 and @entity3342 were expressed in all the cell lines studied. @entity3342 expression was higher in MDA-MB-231 compared with MCF-7 and HMEC 184 cells, whereas @entity3341 abundance was higher in MCF-7 compared with MDA-MB-231 and HMEC 184 cells. Unlike @entity3195 , @entity3341 and @entity3342 were localized in mitochondria in addition to the plasma membrane. @entity3343 and @entity3344 were expressed in all the cell-lines, but abundances were higher in the two @entity5 cell lines than in the control cells. MCF-7 cells expressed mainly @entity3344 , while MDA-MB-231 and control cells expressed mainly @entity3343 . LDH isoforms were localized in mitochondria in addition to the cytosol. These localization patterns were the same in cancerous and control cell lines. In conclusion, MCT and LDH isoforms have distinct expression patterns in two @entity0 cell lines. These differences may contribute to divergent @entity880 dynamics and oxidative capacities in these cells, and offer possibilities for targeting @entity5 cells.

title: Mitochondrial and plasma membrane @entity880 transporter and XXXX dehydrogenase isoform expression in @entity0 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity1 with @entity2655 developed @entity1353 and was performed tracheostomy in September 1987. The cuff volume of a tracheostomy tube increased gradually in four years of mechanical ventilation. His chest X-ray in December 1992 showed a marked enlargement of the cuff. In March 1993, massive @entity548 suddenly occurred through the tracheostomy site. This was controlled by hyperinflation of the cuff. He was diagnosed as @entity17954 . An emergent operation was done by median sternotomy and right oblique cervical incision. The innominate artery, the subclavian artery and the common carotid artery were severed and occluded with sutures. The @entity292 was closed with a suture of monofilament. The postoperative course was satisfactory, however he died of @entity1576 ten months after the surgery.

title: [Successful surgical repair of @entity17954 in a case of @entity2655 XXXX with long-term mechanical ventilation].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity17954 :: ('MESH:D016157', 'Disease') :: ['tracheo-innominate artery fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The antisynthetase syndrome is a systemic inflammatory disease associated with anti-tRNA synthetase antibodies and consisting of the clinical features of @entity625 , @entity401 ( @entity401 ), @entity221 , @entity2407 , and @entity1910 . It rarely presents with symmetric @entity625 as the initial manifestation of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiographic characteristics of patients with antisynthetase syndrome who presented with symptoms of @entity625 , mimicking @entity309 ( @entity309 ) at the time of initial evaluation. METHODS: Six cases derived from a single university-based rheumatology clinic in Wisconsin are presented. The major clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and histopathologic data are described. RESULTS: All 6 @entity1 demonstrated symmetric @entity603 involving the hands. Five @entity1 met the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for @entity309 . Three @entity1 had nail-fold @entity854 , and 4 @entity1 were observed to have @entity2407 . Three @entity1 demonstrated a cytoplasmic pattern when testing for antinuclear antibodies by immunofluorescent assay, and all had t-RNA synthetase antibodies. Two @entity1 had positive @entity309 factors, but none had strongly positive cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. None of the @entity1 demonstrated radiographic erosions. All @entity1 had evidence of @entity401 by imaging or pulmonary function testing. Prognosis was generally favorable, although disease severity and treatment varied considerably. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 who present with features mimicking but atypical for @entity309 , such as @entity401 , nail-fold @entity854 , @entity2407 , cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody pattern, negative cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status, and nonerosive @entity625 , the antisynthetase syndrome should be considered.

title: Antisynthetase syndrome presenting as XXXX -like @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'inflammatory myopathy arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ['Raynaud phenomenon', 'Raynaud syndrome']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['capillary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'early ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An @entity73 , defined as chronic @entity4096 (CCSVI), has been recently hypothesized to be the possible cause of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). We investigated this hypothesis by studying the occurrence of CCSVI in clinically isolated syndromes (CISs) suggestive of @entity15 . METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 presenting with a CIS and evidence of dissemination in space of the inflammatory lesions (ie, possible @entity15 [pMS]) underwent a detailed diagnostic workup, including extracranial and transcranial venous echo-color Doppler sonography (ECDS-TCDS). Those with CCSVI underwent selective venography. Fifty healthy subjects (HCs) age-matched and gender-matched with pMS @entity1 (HC1); 60 @entity1 with @entity10931 ( @entity10931 ); and 60 healthy subjects age-matched and gender-matched with @entity10931 @entity1 (HC2) constituted the control groups and underwent ECDS-TCDS. RESULTS: Mean age of pMS @entity1 was 33.0    8.5 years (range, 14-50); 35 (70%) were female (female:male ratio, 2.3). TCDS was normal in all pMS @entity1 . One or more abnormal ECDS findings were observed in 26 of 50 (52.0%) pMS @entity1 , in 35 of 110 (31  8%) HCs ( @entity18006 ), and in 41 of 60 (68.3%) @entity10931 @entity1 . Eight (16%) pMS @entity1 fulfilled the diagnosis of CCSVI. Selective phlebography performed in 7 of these @entity1 (1 denied consent) did not show @entity1211 . INTERPRETATION: Our findings do not support a cause-effect relationship between CCSVI and pMS. Further studies are warranted to clarify whether CCSVI is associated with later disease stages and characterizes the progressive forms of @entity15 .

title: No evidence of chronic XXXX at @entity15 onset.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cerebrospinal venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity10931 :: ('MESH:D020236', 'Disease') :: ['transient global amnesia', 'TGA']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous anomalies']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['cerebrospinal venous insufficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of vitreoretinal surgery without use of intraocular silicone oil or gas in @entity1 with @entity6 and tractional @entity1713 . METHODS: A clinical interventional case-series study was conducted of 168 eyes of 150 @entity1 with @entity1713 who were consecutively treated by pars plana vitrectomy without endotamponade during a study period of 7 years. Per selection criterion, @entity989 did not develop or were not observed in any of the study @entity1 before or during surgery. The surgery included pars plana vitrectomy, @entity2479 . Combined @entity231 surgery was performed in 33 eyes (20%). The mean follow-up was 23 + or - 14 months (range, 12-65 months). RESULTS: In 158 eyes (94%), the retina reattached after surgery and remained attached until the end of follow-up. Subretinal fluid absorbed completely within 2 months after surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity improved in 126 eyes (75%) and remained unchanged in 19 eyes (11%). Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 2.22 + or - 1.22 at baseline to 1.24 + or - 1.00 at final follow-up (P < 0.001). At the end of follow-up, 11 eyes (7%) showed @entity1539 , and 9 of these 11 eyes developed @entity1539 after surgery. In multivariate logistic regression, the only factor associated with postoperative @entity2296 was preexisting @entity2296 (odds ratio, 6.4). CONCLUSION: Vitreoretinal surgery for tractional @entity1713 in @entity6 may not necessarily be combined with an ocular endotamponade if there were no pre- or intraoperative @entity937 .

title: Long-term results of vitrectomy without endotamponade in XXXX with tractional @entity1713 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['removal of epiretinal membranes, and retinal endolaser coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic tractional retinal detachment', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal breaks']

entities_list: @entity2296 :: ('MESH:C538115', 'Disease') :: ['rubeosis iridis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal defects']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 -reperfusion injury impairs lung transplant outcomes. The transcription factors, @entity19505 , and nuclear factor kappa B, are activated early in reperfusion and drive the development of injury. @entity7102 inhibition with hirudin, and calcineurin inhibition with @entity1140 have independently been shown to ameliorate @entity63 -reperfusion injury by reducing @entity19505 activation, respectively. However, high doses were required to achieve protection using individual agents, raising concerns about potential @entity137 . We sought to determine if low-dose combination therapy reduced injury through synergistic inhibition of pretranscriptional signaling events. METHODS: @entity35 were pretreated with either intravenous hirudin or @entity1140 at low doses or high doses, or both at low doses, prior to undergoing @entity63 and reperfusion. Lungs were assessed for markers of @entity651 , including bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine-chemokine content and transcription factor transactivation of @entity19505 . RESULTS: High-dose monotherapy with hirudin or @entity1140 @entity651 and transactivation of @entity19505 activation, respectively, whereas low-dose monotherapy with either agent did not alter transcription factor activation or @entity651 compared with positive controls. Low-dose combination therapy was more protective than high-dose monotherapy with either drug, and correlated with a reduction in activation of both transcription factors and their associated cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: The significant decrease in @entity651 severity and transcription factor activation with combined pathway inhibition suggests pretranscriptional signaling redundancy between the calcineurin and @entity7102 dependent pathways in lung reperfusion injury.

title: Synergistic protection in @entity63 -reperfusion injury with calcineurin and XXXX inhibition.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'left lung ischemia', 'lung ischemia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury', 'reduced lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity19505 :: ('24516(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['activator protein-1 and nuclear factor kappa B', 'activator protein-1']

answer: @entity7102 :: (29251(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine how respiratory interventions affect survival as an outcome measure and to define survival rate for trials in @entity746 . DESIGN AND SETTING: We reviewed the data of 3 phase 3 clinical trials and examined differences in times to @entity204 , tracheostomy, and permanent assisted ventilation. We assessed the outcomes with chi(2) and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables and unpaired, 2-tailed t tests for continuous variables. We used Kaplan-Meier methods to estimate the differences in survival times between interventions. A power analysis generated sample size estimates for different end points. @entity1 : In all, 2077 @entity1 in 2 phase 3 trials of xaliproden and 400 @entity1 in a phase 3 trial of @entity1502 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Death or combined @entity204 , tracheostomy, or permanent assisted ventilation. RESULTS: Of 745 deaths, 611 (82.0%) were owing to @entity1576 and 134 (18.0%) to other causes. The use of respiratory interventions across centers ranged from 0% to 6.6% (P = .001) of @entity1 for tracheostomy and 11.1% to 23.1% (P = .05) of @entity1 for noninvasive ventilation. Twelve of 55 @entity1 (21.8%) undergoing tracheostomy had a vital capacity of 50% or more. Mean (SD) survival time was 457.9 (3.1) days using a combined end point and 467.2 (2.9) days with @entity204 alone as the outcome (P = .02). An estimated sample size to detect a 10% difference at 18 months between groups was 490 @entity1 per arm for the combined end point and 410 @entity1 for @entity204 alone. CONCLUSIONS: Tracheostomy and permanent assisted ventilation are not equivalent to @entity204 in @entity746 . The use of respiratory interventions differs between centers, leading to variability in combined outcome assessments. The time to the end point can differ significantly depending on its definition, and combining outcomes does not reduce the estimated sample size of a trial. The @entity204 rate alone is the least variable and most easily identifiable measure of survival rate in @entity746 .

title: Defining survival as an outcome measure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the potential prognostic value of @entity286 and @entity285 consumption in 161 consecutive @entity1 with @entity957 . The @entity1 were included in a prospective clinico-experimental and epidemiological study to secure valid data on @entity286 and @entity285 consumption. Univariate analysis showed that @entity1 with an @entity285 consumption above the median had a significantly (P = 0.03) poorer prognosis than other @entity1 , with 5-year cause-specific survivals of 54 +/- 6 and 33 +/- 6%, respectively. Similarly, @entity1 with a @entity286 consumption above the median had a worse prognosis than other @entity1 , with 5-year cause-specific survivals of 55 +/- 6 and 39 +/- 6%, respectively. This difference was on the borderline of significance, P = 0.056. @entity286 and @entity285 consumption were correlated and each of them correlated with sex, males having a higher consumption than females. T-stage, N-stage, clinical stage, @entity5 size and sex all had a significant prognostic impact. To elucidate whether @entity286 and @entity285 consumption had an independent prognostic value, a multivariate analysis by means of the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed. This analysis showed that clinical stage (P = 2 x 10(-5)), @entity5 size (P = 0.007) and @entity286 consumption (P = 0.046), but not @entity285 consumption, had significant influences on prognosis. Thus, smoking cessation programmes seem warranted both from a prophylactic and a therapeutic point of view.

title: The prognostic effect of XXXX and @entity285 consumption in @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['intra-oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Using the NIH two-phase microlymphocytotoxic test, lymphocytes of @entity1 and control subjects were typed for HLA antigens of A and B loci: A1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 28 (or Aw 19, A30, 31), B5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, w22, 27, 35, 40. @entity1 tested: 1. 75 @entity1 with @entity3969 , thereof 35 had their whole families tested, 2. 20 @entity1 with @entity521 , 3. 26 @entity1 with @entity4786 , thereof 21 had their whole families tested, 4. 166 @entity1 with @entity5 and 41 @entity1 with germinal @entity5 of diverse localization, 5. 48 individuals with haemangioma, 6. 64 @entity1 with @entity0 and 50 with @entity1141 . We investigated 490 @entity1 and, with the addition of family studies, another 193 individuals, altogether 683 @entity1 . The results were compared with a group of 301 healthy non-related @entity1 or with a group of 116 healthy non-related @entity1 , or with 100 healthy @entity1 and, in the family studies, with members of 47 healthy three-member families with healthy @entity1 . The chi 2 test with a Yates correction or also Fisher's exact test were used for the purpose. The resultant p was corrected using multiplication by the number of the antigens typed. In some cases we used the relative risk (RR) value. The results can be summed up in the following seven points: 1. @entity3969 was found to have no significant association either in our population or family studies. The latter seem to testify rather against this @entity5 's linkage with HLA. Our study was inconclusive as to the significance of the more frequent incidence of HLA-A1 and/or A9 in the diseased @entity1 of those families where one of the parents had at least one of those antigens. It cannot be ruled out as a sign of better prognosis. We regards as indispensable the typing of HLA antigens in @entity1 with @entity3969 coincident with an @entity154 , as well as in members of those @entity1 ' families, and also a conclusive elucidation of the possible association with HLA-A1 and/or A9. No other centre has as yet undertaken any family studies. Consequently our possibilities of comparison with other teams' results were meagre. 2. We point to the possible conceivable relationship between @entity521 and HLA-B13. We found this association, albeit non-significant after correction, potentially important, especially after comparisons with the results of an only other existing study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: HLA system and some XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['inborn anomaly']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'testicular germinal tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumour"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiology of @entity548 in critically ill @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cohort study of @entity1 <18 years old admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for >24 hours and without @entity548 ( @entity548 ) on admission. @entity548 was defined as resulting in severe physiologic derangements, occurring at a critical site or requiring major therapeutic interventions. Using a novel @entity548 assessment tool that we developed, characteristics of the @entity548 were abstracted from the medical records independently and in duplicate. From the cohort, we matched each @entity1 with @entity548 to 4 @entity1 without @entity548 based on onset of @entity548 . Risk factors and complications of @entity548 were identified from this matched group of @entity1 . RESULTS: We analyzed 405 @entity1 with a median age of 35 months (IQR 7-130 months). A total of 37 (9.1%) @entity1 developed @entity548 . The median number of days with @entity548 was 1 day (IQR 1-2 days). Invasive ventilation (OR 61.35; 95% CI 6.27-600.24), stress @entity1066 (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.08-6.74), surgical admission (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.10-0.84), and @entity117 (OR 0.04; 95% CI 0.002-0.58) were associated with @entity548 . @entity548 was associated with longer time to discharge from the unit (hazard ratio 0.20; 95% CI 0.13-0.33) and the hospital (hazard ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.33-0.73). @entity1 with @entity548 were on vasopressor longer and transfused more red blood cells after the @entity548 than those without @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that @entity548 complicates @entity3124 in @entity1 .

title: Epidemiology of Bleeding in @entity3124 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['clinically relevant bleed', 'bleeding', 'CRB']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Noninvasive @entity5 ablation can be achieved by extracorporeally induced high intensity focused ultrasound. Clinical high intensity focused ultrasound performed to date for @entity703 have only been experimental in nature. We present specific details on a @entity1 with @entity1358 who underwent high intensity focused ultrasound with curative intent and long-term followup examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultrasound waves were generated by a cylindrical piezoelectric element focused by a paraboloid reflector. High intensity focused ultrasound was applied to 3 @entity5 in 3 sessions with the @entity1 under general anesthesia or sedation analgesia, followed by magnetic resonance imaging for 6 months. RESULTS: After treatment magnetic resonance imaging showed @entity39 in the lower kidney pole within 17 and 48 days, respectively. The @entity5 area shrank thereafter within 6 months. The @entity5 in the upper pole was not affected by treatment due to absorption of the ultrasound energy by the interposed ribs. General anesthesia was required to apply high energy levels of focused ultrasound. Absorption of high intensity focused ultrasound in the tissue induced sharply demarcated thermonecrosis. For 50 years @entity1 have been treated with high intensity focused ultrasound for different indications, focusing on the brain, eyes, prostate, liver and bladder. For the kidney experimental but only few clinical studies indicate sufficient tissue ablation. CONCLUSIONS: In our case contactless noninvasive application of high intensity focused ultrasound to 2 renal @entity189 achieved thermal ablation. When high intensity focused ultrasound energy was coupled correctly, no lesions occurred outside of the target area. Successful high intensity focused ultrasound application depended on optimum energy coupling, a sufficiently high ultrasound energy level and general anesthesia.

title: High intensity focused ultrasound as noninvasive therapy for multilocal XXXX : case study and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis in the 2 tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'necrotic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The risk of surgery for the morbidly @entity28 is well known. Suprisingly little information is available regarding the hemodynamic changes during surgery. This study provides data on this important subject and compares them with those of normal nonobese @entity1 . @entity28 @entity1 demonstrated signifying elevated preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative right atrial, mean pulmonary artery, and pulmonary artery wedge pressures. Preoperatively, hemodynamic variables were in the high range of normal in @entity28 @entity1 . Significantly greater decreases in cardiac index, right @entity64 work (RVSW), and left @entity64 work (LVSW) were noticed intraoperatively. Although the RVSW returned to baseline values in the postoperative period, the cardiac index and LVSW remained @entity308 . Left ventricular function as assessed by Sarnoff curves demonstrated persistent shifts to the right during and after operation. No such shifts were noticed in nonobese @entity1 . Although they were hemodynamically stable and without any other clinical evidence of @entity299 , asymptomatic @entity28 @entity1 had reduced left ventricular contractility (LVSW/pulmonary artery wedge [PAW] pressure ratio) even in the resting state. @entity28 @entity1 reacted to the stress of surgery and anesthesia by a more specific @entity1002 that was greater after intubation and in the immediate postoperative period.

title: Hemodynamic and respiratory changes in surgery of the morbidly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity175 (CT) down-regulates its receptor in several @entity5 cell lines, including T47D human @entity0 cells. Removal of CT results in the recovery of @entity8982 ( @entity8982 ) binding. However, homologous regulation of the @entity8982 in osteoclasts is not well understood. To elucidate these phenomena in cells of the osteoclast lineage, @entity19 osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were cocultured on type 1 collagen gels. For the experiments, osteoclast-like cell (OCL)-enriched populations were subcultured from the collagen gels into multiwell dishes on days 7-8, and CT regulation of the @entity8982 was determined and compared with that in T47D cells. When cells of either type were treated with CT for 1 h and then washed, binding capacity for [125I] salmon CT ([125I]sCT) was decreased dependent upon the preincubating concentration of CT. After removal of CT, the binding capacity in OCLs recovered toward the control level over 12 h. However, in contrast to that in T47D cells, recovery was transient, so that 24 h after removal of CT, the binding capacity in preincubated cells was strikingly reduced compared with that in control cells. This occurred even when the preincubating concentration of CT was too low to cause down-regulation of binding in 1 h. Scatchard analysis showed a decrease in receptor number in CT-treated compared with control OCLs 24 h after CT removal, with unchanged receptor affinity. By autoradiography, decreased @entity8982 density on multinuclear OCLs was indicated. Preexposure of either OCLs or T47D cells to CT caused elevation of intracellular @entity268 , which persisted for 6-12 h after removal of CT. In addition, there was desensitization to a rechallenge with CT, which, in T47D cells, recovered by 24-36 h. In contrast, OCLs showed incomplete recovery of desensitization. These data correlated with the results of semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies; the @entity8982 messenger RNA level was increased to about 150% of the control level in sCT-treated T47D cells 18-36 h after sCT removal; the level was markedly decreased to about 20% of the control value in sCT-treated OCLs 12-48 h after sCT removal and remained suppressed. This study suggests that CT-induced homologous down-regulation is a potential cause of the "escape" phenomenon, by producing a population of CT-resistant osteoclasts.

title: Homologous regulation of the @entity175 receptor in @entity19 osteoclast-like cells and human XXXX T47D cells.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare 2-dimensional intraoral digital images with 3-dimensional cone beam CT (CBCT) in assessment of periodontal bone levels and defects. METHODS: Thirty periodontal @entity79 of 2 adult @entity1 skulls (with soft tissue or substitute) were evaluated by using intraoral digital radiography and CBCT. Digital radiographs were made with a size #2 @entity12740 sensor and a 60-kV DC x-ray unit, with 0.28, 0.42, or 0.56 mAs as respective exposure settings. For CBCT, jawbone images were obtained at 120 kV and 23.87 mAs. Periodontal bone levels and defects on both imaging modalities were assessed and compared to the gold standard. Delineation of lamina dura, @entity154 , @entity6876 involvements, contrast, and bone quality were also analyzed. RESULTS: Linear measurement deviations of periodontal bone levels from the gold standard ranged from 0.19 to 1.66 mm for intraoral radiography versus 0.13 to 1.67 mm for CBCT. Accuracy was not significantly different between both imaging modalities (P = .161). Intraoral radiography scored significantly better for contrast, bone quality, and delineation of lamina dura, but CBCT was superior for assessing crater defects and @entity6876 involvements (P = .018). CONCLUSIONS: CBCT images allowed comparable measurements of periodontal bone levels and defects as intraoral radiography. CBCT images demonstrated more potential in the morphological description of periodontal @entity79 , while the digital radiography provided more bone details. These findings may offer perspectives for further studies on periodontal diagnostics, prognostics, and presurgical planning with CBCT.

title: Diagnostic validity (or acuity) of 2D XXXX versus 3D CBCT-images for assessing periodontal breakdown.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['crater defect']

entities_list: @entity6876 :: ('MESH:D017823', 'Disease') :: ['furcation']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

answer: @entity12740 :: (MESH:D020512,Disease) :: ['CCD']


abstract: Invasion of basement membranes is a key step in systemic spread of @entity5 cells. To analyze genetic mechanisms involved in this process, we have selected strongly and weakly invasive sublines with stable phenotypes from a primary @entity1 @entity320 cell line by repeated passage through a reconstituted basement membrane in vitro. The sublines differed approximately 5-fold in their invasive potential. Invasiveness correlated with better attachment and overexpression of the @entity10770 ( @entity4732 /laminin-receptor). Treatment with @entity1968 inhibited proliferation in both sublines and invasion in the weakly invasive cells but stimulated invasion in the strongly invasive subline. Northern-blot analyses revealed equal levels of mRNA expression regarding collagenase type-IV and @entity1968 receptors but enhanced expression of @entity1552 mRNA in weakly invasive cells. The 2 sublines differed significantly in their respective DNA ploidy when compared to the wild-type Mel Im cell line, suggesting that they represent heterogeneous clones present in the primary @entity5 . We have started to exploit this in vitro system for @entity5 heterogeneity to clone genes involved in invasion. By a subtractive cDNA cloning strategy, 12 partial cDNA clones were obtained that are specifically overexpressed in the strongly or weakly invasive subline. These results illustrate that stable genetic alterations lead to heterogeneous subpopulations within primary @entity320 which differ in their ability to invade basement membranes and interact with components of the extracellular matrix.

title: Characterization of selected strongly and weakly invasive sublines of a primary @entity1 XXXX cell line and isolation of subtractive cDNA clones.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic-acid', 'retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eltrombopag is an oral @entity21929 receptor agonist for the treatment of @entity882 . We aimed to compare the response to once daily eltrombopag versus placebo in @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 during a 6-month period. METHODS: We undertook a phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with previously treated @entity3039 of more than 6 months' duration who had baseline platelet counts lower than 30,000 per  L. @entity1 were randomly allocated (in a 2:1 ratio) treatment with local standard of care plus 50 mg eltrombopag or matching placebo once daily for 6 months. Randomisation was done centrally with a computer-generated randomisation schedule and was stratified by baseline platelet count ( <= 15,000 per  L), use of treatment for @entity3039 , and splenectomy status. @entity1 , investigators, and those assessing data were masked to allocation. Dose modifications were made on the basis of platelet response. @entity1 were assessed for response to treatment (defined as a platelet count of 50,000-400,000 per  L) weekly during the first 6 weeks and at least once every 4 weeks thereafter; the primary endpoint was the odds of response to eltrombopag versus placebo. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00370331. FINDINGS: Between Nov 22, 2006, and July 31, 2007, 197 @entity1 were randomly allocated to treatment groups and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (135 eltrombopag, 62 placebo). 106 (79%) @entity1 in the eltrombopag group responded to treatment at least once during the study, compared with 17 (28%) @entity1 in the placebo group. The odds of responding were greater in @entity1 in the eltrombopag group compared with those in the placebo group throughout the 6-month treatment period (odds ratio 8  2, 99% CI 3  59-18  73; p<0  0001). 37 (59%) @entity1 receiving eltrombopag reduced concomitant treatment versus ten (32%) @entity1 receiving placebo (p=0  016). 24 (18%) @entity1 receiving eltrombopag needed rescue treatment compared with 25 (40%) @entity1 receiving placebo (p=0  001). Three (2%) @entity1 receiving eltrombopag had @entity1031 events compared with none in @entity1 on placebo. Nine (7%) eltrombopag-treated @entity1 and two (3%) in the placebo group had mild increases in @entity3929 aminotransferase concentration, and five (4%) eltrombopag-treated @entity1 (vs none allocated to placebo) had increases in total @entity648 . Four (7%) @entity1 taking placebo had serious @entity548 events, compared with one (<1%) @entity1 treated with eltrombopag. INTERPRETATION: Eltrombopag is effective for management of chronic @entity3039 , and could be particularly beneficial for @entity1 who have not responded to splenectomy or previous treatment. These benefits should be balanced with the potential risks associated with eltrombopag treatment. FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline.

title: Eltrombopag for management of chronic XXXX (RAISE): a 6-month, randomised, phase 3 study.

entities_list: @entity21929 :: ('MESH:D013926', 'Chemical') :: ['thrombopoietin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several researchers have suggested that addition of local anesthetics to spinal anesthesia increases the duration of post-operative @entity1337 . OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the effect of addition of @entity1338 to @entity1341 in spinal anesthesia on @entity1337 after cruciate ligament repair. @entity1 AND METHODS: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 50 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II @entity1 who were candidates for cruciate ligament repair. @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups; one group received 15 mg of @entity1341 (group B) and the other 15 mg of @entity1341 plus @entity1338 (75   g, group BC). The two groups were compared in terms of post-operative @entity1337 and related factors using the SPSS software version 20. RESULTS: All @entity1 were males with a mean age of 24.9 years in group B, and 25.2 years in group BC (P > 0.05). In group BC, time lapse to request analgesics was 160 minutes longer and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at this time was 0.3 units less than group B. The time to regression of @entity616 by two dermatomes was seven minutes longer, VAS in the recovery room was 1 unit less and Bromage scale in the recovery room and ward was 0.6 and 0.9 units more, respectively in the BC group. @entity551 and @entity6358 usage was 36% more in the BC group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1338 plus @entity1341 can increase the duration of motor and @entity616 in arthroscopic cruciate ligament repair under spinal anesthesia. However, due to significant hemodynamic changes, further studies are required to determine a safer dose.

title: Analgesic Effect of @entity1338 Added to XXXX in Spinal Anesthesia for Cruciate Ligament Repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['sensory block']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['Bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The infusion of PBSC or BM cells cryopreserved with @entity3733 is associated with frequent, but generally minor, @entity137 . The incidence and severity of infusion-related @entity137 is proportional to the amount of @entity3733 infused. In an attempt to reduce the incidence of symptoms reported by @entity1 receiving cryopreserved PBSC and to avoid the necessity of @entity3933 premedication, we studied the infusion of PBSC components from which the @entity3733 was depleted after thawing. METHODS: This was a Phase I/II study of post-thaw removal of @entity3733 . @entity1 undergoing autologous PBSC transplantation with components cryopreserved using 10% @entity3733 were eligible. The PBSC components were thawed, diluted with 10% dextran-40 and 5% HSA, centrifuged to remove the @entity3733 , resuspended in dextran and HSA, and infused without prior medication of the @entity1 . Visual analog scale questionnaires were used for measurement of infusion-related symptoms. RESULTS: Five @entity1 were enrolled on this study and received washed PBSC components. One @entity1 experienced severe infusion-related @entity137 and the study was stopped for safety reasons. Events experienced by these @entity1 included @entity1671 (two @entity1 ), emesis (three @entity1 ), and post-infusion rigors (two @entity1 ). Two @entity1 reported an increase in @entity390 after the infusion. All @entity1 achieved granulocyte engraftment (an ANC > 0.5 x 10(9)/L) at a median of 14 days and platelet engraftment (platelet count without transfusion > 20 x 10(9)/L) at a median of 11 days. No @entity1 required infusion of additional cells because of engraftment failure. DISCUSSION: In theory, the post-thaw reduction of @entity3733 should reduce the risk of infusion-related @entity137 that is commonly attributed to @entity3733 . Although not demonstrated by the data developed from this study, effective reduction in @entity3733 could also eliminate the need for pre-infusion @entity112 blockade. However, the technique used in this study was not adequate and a more rigorous depletion technique must be developed to completely abrogate clinical infusion-related @entity137 .

title: Post-thaw removal of @entity3733 does not completely abrogate infusional XXXX or the need for pre-infusion @entity112 blockade.

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Postpartum negative mood interferes with maternal- @entity1 bonding and carries long-term negative consequences for @entity1 growth. We examined the effects of birth-related risks on mother's postpartum @entity148 and @entity308 . A community cohort of 1,844 low-risk @entity1 who delivered a singleton term baby completed measures assessing delivery, emotions during labor, attitudes toward pregnancy and @entity1 , mood regulation, and postpartum @entity148 and @entity308 . Under conditions of low risk, 20.5% of parturient @entity1 reported high levels of @entity308 . Following Cesarean Section Delivery (CSD), 23% reported high @entity308 , compared to 19% following Vaginal Delivery (VGD), and 21% after Assisted Vaginal Delivery (AVGD). State @entity148 was highest in CSD and lowest in VGD. Mothers undergoing CSD experienced labor as most negative, reported highest somatic symptoms during the last trimester, and were least efficient in regulating negative mood. Postpartum @entity308 was independently associated with higher maternal age, CSD, @entity158 , lower negative and higher positive emotions during labor, inefficient mood regulation, somatic symptoms, and more negative and less positive perception of fetus during last trimester. Results demonstrate that elevated @entity308 are prevalent in the postpartum even under optimal socioeconomic and health conditions and increase following CSD. Interventions to increase positive @entity1 -related perceptions and emotions may be especially important for promoting bond formation following CSD.

title: The experience of labor, maternal perception of the XXXX , and the mother's postpartum mood in a low-risk community cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['labor pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: AIM: To study @entity101 ( @entity101 ) before and after the obliteration of esophageal varices. METHODS: 30 @entity1 with portal @entity101 and esophageal varices were included. Band ligation was performed for every @entity1 until the obliteration of esophageal varices. Enteroscopy and biopsies from @entity356 were taken at the beginning of the study and after variceal obliteration. Morphometric measurement of mean vascular areas and estimation of tissue @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were also completed. RESULTS: The number of @entity1 with @entity7017 increased from 6.6% before obliteration to 46.7% after variceal obliteration (p< 0.001). Angiogenesis, @entity455 and blood extravasation were the main histopathological findings and all increased significantly after variceal obliteration. The mean vascular area of ectatic vessels in the gastric, duodenal and jejunal biopsies also increased after variceal obliteration. The mean @entity7 in the gastric, duodenal and jejunal biopsies increased after variceal obliteration. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were significantly lower after variceal obliteration. CONCLUSION: the portal hypertensive enteropathic changes increased in frequency and severity after esophageal variceal obliteration with a probability of causing @entity417 .

title: XXXX before and after variceal obliteration: an endoscopic, histopathologic and immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular ectasia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertensive enteropathy', 'PHE', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric, duodenal and jejunal mucosa']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Portal hypertensive enteropathy']