abstract: Perspectives for the use of @entity505 nanotubes in biomedical applications depend largely on their ability to degrade in the body into products that can be easily cleared out. Carboxylated single-walled @entity505 nanotubes (c-SWCNTs) were shown to be degraded by oxidants generated by peroxidases in the presence of @entity273 . In the present study we demonstrated that conjugation of @entity968 ( @entity970 ) to c-SWCNTs does not interfere with their degradation by peroxidase/ @entity274 system or by @entity9784 . Comparison of different @entity1446 -containing proteins for their ability to degrade @entity970 -SWCNTs has led us to conclude that the @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ) product @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ) is the major oxidant that may be responsible for biodegradation of @entity970 -SWCNTs in vivo. @entity3335 is secreted mainly by neutrophils upon activation. We hypothesize that SWCNTs may enhance neutrophil activation and therefore stimulate their own biodegradation due to @entity3335 -generated @entity9785 . @entity970 -SWCNTs at concentrations similar to those commonly used in in vivo studies were found to activate isolated @entity1 neutrophils to produce @entity9785 . Both @entity970 -SWCNTs and c-SWCNTs enhanced @entity9785 generation from isolated neutrophils upon serum-opsonized zymosan stimulation. Both types of nanotubes were also found to activate neutrophils in whole blood samples. Intraperitoneal injection of a low dose of @entity970 -SWCNTs into @entity19 induced an increase in percentage of circulating neutrophils and activation of neutrophils and macrophages in the peritoneal cavity, suggesting the evolution of an inflammatory response. Activated neutrophils can produce high local concentrations of @entity9785 , thereby creating the conditions favorable for degradation of the nanotubes.

title: PEGylated single-walled @entity505 nanotubes activate neutrophils to increase production of XXXX , the oxidant capable of degrading nanotubes.

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorous acid', 'hypochlorite']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase', 'MPO']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity9784 :: (MESH:D006997,Chemical) :: ['hypochlorous acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is unclear whether @entity2299 is associated with risk of @entity14 . The incidence of both conditions is increasing in Asia, motivating a number of new studies from this region. We performed a systematic literature search of Asian colonoscopy-based studies that collected blood lipid concentrations at the time of endoscopy. @entity1 found to have @entity2513 were considered cases, and those found to be @entity652 -free were considered controls. Seventeen studies published between 2000 and 2014 met inclusion criteria, collectively enrolling 17,387 cases and 30,427 controls. Mean differences and adjusted odds ratios were summarized with random-effects meta-analyses. Compared with controls, cases had higher total @entity165 (mean difference (MD) = 2.4 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2, 4.6), higher low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (MD = 1.3 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.1, 2.6), higher @entity412 (MD = 16.4 mg/dL, 95% CI: 11.2, 21.5), and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 (MD = -2.1 mg/dL, 95% CI: -2.7, -1.6) concentrations. Based on adjusted odds ratios, associations for 40-mg/dL-higher @entity412 levels (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.21) and 10-mg/dL-higher HDL @entity165 levels (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.00) achieved statistical significance. @entity1 with @entity652 were more likely to have unfavorable @entity165 profiles at the time of colonoscopy than those without @entity652 . The most convincing evidence for an association between @entity2299 and @entity14 was observed for @entity2298 .

title: Blood Lipid Concentrations and XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Colonoscopy Studies in Asia, 2000-2014.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Adenomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mixed @entity703 (MESTK) is a rare but distinct renal complex @entity5 composed of a mixture of mesenchymal and epithelial elements with characteristic @entity43 . Due to its relative rarity, little is known about the histogenesis and prognostic factors of this @entity5 . Although most reported cases display bland histological features and benign clinical course, a few cases of malignant MESTK have been described. We report an unusual case of MESTK in a 50-year-old female @entity1 with renal venous involvement. Macroscopically, the @entity5 was solid and unencapsulated in the central region of left kidney. There was a polypoid mass with slender pedicle found to extend into the renal vein forming an intravenous @entity5 thrombus. Histologically, both renal and intravenous mass were composed of bland spindle-shaped cells and round dilated tubules lined by epithelium without any cytological atypia. The spindle cells were diffusely positive for smooth muscle actin and @entity2283 , while tubules were positive for pan-cytokeratin ( @entity1325 / @entity1326 ). A diagnosis of MESTK with @entity8 was made. The @entity1 received no adjuvant treatment after radical nephrectomy. There was no sign of recurrence or @entity3 of @entity5 found in a period of 16-month regular follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first case of MESTK with @entity8 , but lacking malignant histological appearance. Additional studies of MESTK with vein involvement will be needed to determine whether this imparts any adverse behavior, similar to other @entity703 with vascular involvement.

title: Mixed @entity703 with XXXX : an unusual case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian-type stroma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vein extension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['benign renal tumors', 'epithelial and stromal tumor of kidney']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal vein extension']


abstract: @entity63 has been considered to play a role in the development of acute @entity788 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity63 , caused by @entity548 , on @entity8629 -induced acute @entity788 in @entity35 . Acute @entity788 was induced by the intravenous infusion of a supramaximally stimulating dose of @entity8629 (10 micrograms/kg/hr) for 6 hr. @entity548 was induced by the removal of blood until the mean arterial blood pressure reached 35 mm Hg. This level was maintained for 30 min, after which time all the blood was reinfused. @entity548 alone induced no morphological change in the pancreas. However, after the induction of @entity548 in animals treated with @entity8629 , @entity548 and parenchymal @entity39 were frequently observed in the pancreas. Seven of 20 @entity35 (35%) receiving @entity8629 plus @entity548 had died by 48 hr after the start of @entity8629 infusion, whereas none of the @entity35 in the @entity8629 or shock group died during this experiment. @entity8647 activity in the pancreas of the @entity8629 plus shock group was significantly higher than in the other groups at 48 hr. These results suggest that @entity63 may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of acute @entity788 .

title: Role of @entity63 in acute @entity788 . @entity548 converts @entity788 to @entity548 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['cerulein']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) and @entity53 (E2) are both important in @entity344 and disease. NO contributes to @entity344 as well as to @entity32 and carcinogenic processes. By contrast, E2 reduces the incidence of @entity694 by about 30%. We report the genomic and non-genomic E2- @entity172 receptor (ER) beta-induced effects in @entity1 @entity694 . The effect of NO on @entity1783 activities was also assessed. The E2- @entity1783 -dependent gene transcription was inhibited by exogenous NO, whereas some non-genomic E2-dependent effects (e.g. @entity1435 /MAP kinase), important for the activation of the apoptotic cascade, were unaffected by NO. However, NO impaired the E2-induced pro-apoptotic cascade in @entity1 @entity694 cells by inhibiting @entity522 . The effects of NO may reflect chemical modification(s) of @entity2569 residues present in the DNA recognition domain of @entity1783 as well as in the @entity522 active site. On the whole, high NO concentrations suppressed the E2 protective effects in the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that the caspase-dependent apoptotic cascade may become critical under conditions of high redox stress such as occur under specific activation of the immune system by @entity281 or pathogen challenge.

title: @entity842 impairs the XXXX -induced apoptosis in @entity1 @entity694 cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility', 'gastrointestinal health']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infections']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenoma and carcinoma', 'colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['17beta-estradiol']


abstract: This study examined the relationship between @entity2167 in global @entity2026 @entity1 after 1 year post onset, and @entity75 in @entity244 in the subcortical temporal isthmus area. Computed tomographic scans and language behavior were examined in 14 right-handed globally aphasic @entity64 @entity1 with lesion in the left hemisphere. Nine @entity1 had large cortical/subcortical frontal, parietal, and @entity75 that included more than half of @entity244 (FPT cases). Five @entity1 had large @entity75 , but only subcortical @entity75 , including the temporal isthmus (FPTi cases). All @entity1 were tested acutely at 1 to 4 months post onset and again at 1 to 2 years post onset. There was a significantly greater increase in the amount of recovery that had taken place after 1 to 2 years post onset for the FPTi group vs the FPT group in the overall Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) Auditory Comprehension Z score. In four of the five FPTi cases, the late BDAE Auditory Comprehension Z scores were above -0.5 (mild-to-moderate @entity51 ). Most recovery was in @entity1650 . In eight of the nine FPT cases, the late BDAE Auditory Comprehension Z-scores were below -0.5 (moderate-to-severe @entity51 ). There was no significant difference between the two groups in recovery of spontaneous speech, repetition, or naming, where severe deficits remained in most cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Late @entity2167 in global XXXX . Improved recovery observed with subcortical @entity75 vs @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['recovery of auditory comprehension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe lesion', 'cortical/subcortical frontal and parietal lobe lesion']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['single-word comprehension']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['comprehension deficits']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's cortical area vs temporal lobe lesion", "Wernicke's cortical area"]

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Organised @entity14 screening is likely to be cost-effective, but cost-effectiveness results alone may not help policy makers to make decisions about programme feasibility or service providers to plan programme delivery. For these purposes, estimates of the impact on the health services of actually introducing screening in the target population would be helpful. However, these types of analyses are rarely reported. As an illustration of such an approach, we estimated annual health service resource requirements and health outcomes over the first decade of a population-based @entity14 screening programme in Ireland. METHODS: A Markov state-transition model of @entity14 natural history was used. Three core screening scenarios were considered: (a) flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSIG) once at age 60, (b) biennial guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests (gFOBT) at 55-74 years, and (c) biennial @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) at 55-74 years. Three alternative @entity1062 roll-out scenarios were also investigated relating to age-restricted screening (55-64 years) and staggered age-based roll-out across the 55-74 age group. Parameter estimates were derived from literature review, existing screening programmes, and expert opinion. Results were expressed in relation to the 2008 population (4.4 million @entity1 , of whom 700,800 were aged 55-74). RESULTS: @entity1062 -based screening would deliver the greatest health benefits, averting 164 @entity14 cases and 272 deaths in year 10 of the programme. Capacity would be required for 11,095-14,820 diagnostic and surveillance colonoscopies annually, compared to 381-1,053 with FSIG-based, and 967-1,300 with gFOBT-based, screening. With @entity1062 , in year 10, these colonoscopies would result in 62 hospital admissions for @entity548 , 27 bowel perforations and one @entity204 . Resource requirements for pathology, diagnostic radiology, radiotherapy and colorectal resection were highest for @entity1062 . Estimates depended on screening uptake. Alternative @entity1062 roll-out scenarios had lower resource requirements. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity1062 -based screening would quite quickly generate attractive health outcomes, it has heavy resource requirements. These could impact on the feasibility of a programme based on this screening modality. Staggered age-based roll-out would allow time to increase endoscopy capacity to meet programme requirements. Resource modelling of this type complements conventional cost-effectiveness analyses and can help inform policy making and service planning.

title: Using resource modelling to inform decision making and service planning: the case of XXXX screening in Ireland.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['FIT', 'faecal immunochemical tests']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To probe into indication of living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) for @entity2360 . METHODS: From January 2001 to February 2007, thirty-seven living-related liver transplants were performed. A retrospective analysis was carried on outcome of those @entity1 . The indications for LRLT were @entity879 in 3 @entity1 and chronic advanced @entity409 in 32 @entity1 including 13 @entity1 with Wilsonian neurological manifestations. Two @entity1 presented with severe Wilsonian neurological manifestations even though their liver functions were stable. According to the scoring system for evaluation of the @entity16 in @entity2360 based on neurological signs and functions (total score was 30), the pre-transplantation score of those @entity1 with neurological manifestations was 15.9 +/- 4.3 (n = 15). RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were followed up for 20 - 93 months. The survival rates of post-transplant @entity1 and grafts at 1, 3, and 5 year were 91.9%, 83.8%, 75.7%, and 86.5%, 78.4%, 75.7%, respectively. Postoperative surgical complications occurred in 2 donors with bile leakage required drainage, in 2 recipients with hepatic @entity715 underwent retransplantation of cadaveric liver and in 1 recipient with @entity99 required @entity384 . Neurological function was improved in all recipients and the score of posttransplantation at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 month was 17.5 +/- 3.7 (n = 13); 21.0 +/- 4.3 (n = 12); 23.9 +/- 3.9 (n = 10); 26.6 +/- 2.2 (n = 10) and 28.1 +/- 1.9 (n = 7) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity879 or @entity1 with severe @entity409 unresponsive to chelation treatment should be treated with LRLT. Early transplantation in @entity1 with an unsatisfactory response medical treatment may prevent irreversible @entity16 even though their liver function is stable.

title: [Probing into indication of living-related liver transplantation for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['Wilson disease', "Wilson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic stenosis']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson's disease']


abstract: @entity11366 , a new @entity112 H1 receptor blocker, was compared with placebo in an eight week, double-blind trial in the treatment of @entity2023 . Sixty-five @entity1 of either sex were randomized to either @entity11366 (32 @entity1 : 10 mg t.i.d. on day 1, 10 mg b.i.d. on day 2, 10 mg o.d. for the remainder of the study) or placebo (33 @entity1 ). @entity1 were seen bi-weekly and maintained a daily diary record of symptoms throughout the study. Significantly more @entity1 in the placebo group (12) compared to the @entity11366 group (2) dropped out of the study due to treatment failure (p less than 0.05). @entity11366 significantly reduced the frequency and severity of @entity56 . In subjective evaluations of each treatment by both the investigator and the @entity1 , @entity11366 was judged good to excellent by 68% compared to 30% for placebo (p less than 0.05). One @entity1 in each group experienced drowsiness. The only significant side effect of @entity11366 was @entity1017 (20 @entity1 compared to 1 in the placebo group), although only one @entity1 discontinued @entity11366 for this reason.

title: XXXX --a new, non-sedating antihistamine for @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity11366 :: ('MESH:D016589', 'Chemical') :: ['Astemizole', 'astemizole']

answer: @entity11366 :: (MESH:D016589,Chemical) :: ['Astemizole']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity320 ( @entity320 ) is the most common primary @entity5 in adults. This study reviewed the @entity580 ( @entity580 ) experience in the treatment of @entity320 with stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy (SRT) and the outcome of prophylactic use of intravitreal injection bevacizumab (PIB) in preventing @entity989 ( @entity989 ). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of @entity1 at @entity580 who underwent SRT for @entity320 with and without PIB from 1 January 2001 to 31 January 2012. In @entity580 , some @entity1 who had SRT following the introduction of intravitreal bevacizumab in December 2006 were also treated with PIB with the expectation that this might reduce the risk of developing @entity989 , although the evidence of its effectiveness in this respect is not clear. The primary outcome measure was local progression as monitored with regular ultrasound. Secondary outcome measures were metastatic progression incidence, enucleation incidence, no functional vision incidence, overall survival, disease-specific mortality, incidence of @entity989 , and radiotherapy to clinical diagnosis of @entity989 time. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 who were followed up at @entity580 were reviewed after a mean follow-up of 5.1  years (range 0.4-12.6). Fourteen @entity1 received PIB. The local progression, metastatic progression and enucleation rate were 4%, 8% and 11%, respectively. The no functional vision (hand movements or less) rate was 62%. Overall survival was 63%, but only three (11%) deaths were due to metastatic @entity320 . Incidence of @entity989 was 57% and 54% for those that received PIB and those who did not, respectively. PIB did not reduce the rate of @entity989 (P  =  1.00). CONCLUSION: This study reaffirmed that SRT achieves very good local control and eye retention rates. PIB did not appear to reduce the @entity989 rate in this study, and more studies are required especially Phase II and III trials to determine PIB efficacy in preventing @entity989 .

title: XXXX treated with stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy and prophylactic intravitreal bevacizumab: The  @entity580 experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ocular malignancy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['RR', 'radiation retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Choroidal melanoma', 'choroidal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Dunedin Hospital', 'DH']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Choroidal melanoma']


abstract: @entity625 is associated with decreases in local pH. Of the acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC), @entity10872 is most sensitive to such a pH change, abundantly expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and critical for the development of @entity1931 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the upregulation of @entity10872 , using an acute @entity158 model in @entity19 . We examined @entity10872 expression in DRG neurons innervating the knee joint with and without carrageenan-induced @entity625 by means of retrograde labeling and immunohistochemistry. We also examined the difference of DRG phenotype between @entity10872 +/+ and @entity10872 -/- @entity19 . @entity10872 immunoreactivity was present in 31% of knee joint afferents and dominantly in small cells. @entity32 , @entity10872 -immunoreactive neurons significantly increased in number by 50%. @entity12819 ( @entity12819 ) increased similarly in both @entity10872 +/+ and @entity10872 -/- @entity19 . Soma size distribution of @entity10872 -immunoreactive neurons without @entity12819 expression was shifted to smaller-diameter neurons. Our results suggest that @entity10872 plays an important role in acute @entity158 . Specifically, we propose that @entity10872 upregulation along with @entity12819 and phenotypic change in @entity10872 -immunoreactive neurons without @entity12819 are responsible for the development of @entity1931 after carrageenan-induced @entity625 . PERSPECTIVE: This article shows that @entity10872 is upregulated along with @entity12819 in knee joint afferents and that there is a phenotypic change in @entity10872 -immunoreactive nonpeptidergic neurons in an animal model of @entity625 . Understanding the basic neurobiology after @entity625 could lead to future new pharmacological management of @entity625 .

title: Acid-sensing ion channel 3 expression in @entity19 knee joint afferents and effects of carrageenan-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['After joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'acute arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic pain']

entities_list: @entity12819 :: ('12310(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Calcitonin gene-related peptide', 'CGRP']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity49 state occurs in @entity1 with acute vascular events. We wondered whether clot structure/function is altered in @entity64 ( @entity64 ), like in acute @entity583 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In 45 consecutive @entity1 with @entity64 (24M, 21F), aged 67.4+/-10.9 years, and 45 healthy controls matched for age and sex, we investigated plasma fibrin clot structure/function by permeation, turbidity, and efficiency of fibrinolysis. RESULTS: Compared to controls, @entity64 @entity1 produced clots that had 30.5% less porous network (p<0.0001), were less susceptible to fibrinolysis (10.8% longer lysis time, p=0.001), were 20.5% more compact (p<0.0001), had 17.1% higher clot mass (p<0.0001), and showed increased (by 10.2%) overall fiber thickness (p<0.0001) with 8% shorter lag phase of fibrin formation (p=0.0002). Maximum rate of D-dimer release from clots was similar. Multiple regression analyses for all subjects (n=90) showed that being a @entity64 @entity1 (p<0.0001), @entity2002 (p<0.0001) and lipoprotein(a) (p=0.0075) were independent predictors of clot permeability (model R2 0.79). Only @entity2002 (p<0.0001) and lipoprotein(a) (p=0.0026) predicted lysis time. All other fibrin parameters were predicted only by being a @entity64 @entity1 . Clot compaction was associated with @entity51 on admission (r=-0.81; p<0.0001) and at discharge (r=-0.69; p<0.0001). @entity1 with 0 or 1 point in the modified Rankin scale (n=19) had 13.3% higher clot permeability compared to the remainder (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to show that @entity64 is associated with unfavorably altered fibrin clot properties that might correlate with @entity51 .

title: Fibrin clot properties in XXXX : relation to @entity51 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute ischemic stroke']


abstract: Topic 2% @entity5491 solution has been proved to be effective for hair regrowth in 30-40% of male pattern @entity1665 in the United States and Europe. There was no report concerning topical @entity5491 in Chinese @entity1 , therefore, we selected 40 @entity1 to investigate the efficacy and safety from December 1988 to January 1989. Those selected @entity1 were consistent with male pattern @entity1665 without @entity262 , and had never used topical hair regrowth agents. @entity1 applied topical medication 1 ml twice daily and were examined at 1 month intervals. Thirty two @entity1 completed 6 to 12 months (average 9.6 months) of the study, moderate hair growth was found in 22% while minimal growth in 59% of the studied @entity1 . All @entity1 noted their shedding decrease after the application of drugs for 1 to 3 months. Scalp dryness and mild scaling appeared in 2 @entity1 , but were tolerable. Before and after the trial, all @entity1 had a chest roentgenogram, EKG, complete blood counts, urinalysis and blood chemistry studies, and no apparent abnormality was found. The efficacy of 2% @entity5491 solution application in our study was less than that in the United States. which might be because some @entity1 did not follow the application order regularly and a more strict evaluation standard was adopted in our series. However, the safety of no systemic adverse effect and the potential of inhibiting progressive shedding of hair were valuable as a topical drug.

title: Safety and efficacy of 2% topical XXXX in the management of male pattern @entity1665 in Chinese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil']

answer: @entity5491 :: (MESH:D008914,Chemical) :: ['minoxidil']


abstract: An attempt was made to use dry standardized extract from Harpagophytum procumbens of confirmed anti-inflammatory activity in formulations applied on skin. To obtain synergy in the area of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity formulations were produced containing plant extract and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( @entity7988 ). All the preparations were prepared on the base of @entity3678 polymers ( @entity16313 Ultrez 10, @entity16313 980). The formulations were subjected to complementary physicochemical investigations. Viscosity parameters (structural viscosity, yield stress, thixotrophy) were determined with cone-plate digital rheometer. Potentiometric method was used to measure pH of the produced hydrogels. The test for @entity7988 pharmaceutical availability through a semipermeable membrane to acceptor fluid was performed in vitro. The rate of the process of release was tested by determining the quantity of the therapeutic agent diffusing into acceptor fluid at defined time intervals by spectrophotometric method. The effect of Harpagophytum procumbens extract components on @entity7988 diffusion was estimated. Viscosity tests revealed that all the formulations are viscoelastic systems having yield stress. All model formulations were tested 24h after production and after 6-month storage. All the formulations demonstrate rheological stability and high pharmaceutical availability of @entity7988 . The suggested formulations can be an alternative for market preparations applied on skin of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.

title: [The application of Harpagophytum procumbens extract in anti-inflammatory preparations applied on skin produced on XXXX polymers base].

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity3678 :: ('MESH:C036658', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylic acid']

answer: @entity3678 :: (MESH:C036658,Chemical) :: ['acrylic acid']


abstract: The morphologic features of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) resulting in @entity944 ( @entity944 ) are poorly studied. The presence and type of culprit lesions may have important implications in the genetic basis for @entity299 . Autopsies of @entity944 victims over a 5-year period from a statewide medical examiner's office were studied. @entity74 was defined as @entity944 at <= 50 years in @entity1 and <= 45 years in @entity1 , with premature @entity944 or @entity1187 in a first-degree relative. @entity75 was defined as @entity697 , @entity2681 , and severe narrowing without @entity715 (stable plaque). There were 174 acute @entity397 (age 49  10 years, 9% @entity1 ), 49 @entity2681 (age 45  8 years, 37% @entity1 ), and 213 stable plaques (age 53  11 years, 22% @entity1 ). There were 8 @entity397 with family history. There were 9 @entity2681 with family history. There were 7 stable plaques with family history. The rate of familial history in premature @entity301 was 18.4% in erosions, 4.6% in @entity397 (p=.02 vs. @entity2681 ), and 3.3% in stable plaque (p=.002 vs. @entity2681 ). We concluded that the frequency of family history of premature @entity944 due to @entity453 may be @entity2681 as compared to @entity1 dying with @entity697 or stable plaque.

title: Morphologic features of culprit lesions in @entity944 with family history of premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sudden death', 'sudden coronary death']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Culprit lesion']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['plaque erosions', 'plaque erosion', 'erosion', 'higher in plaque erosion']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque ruptures', 'ruptures', 'plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Premature familial disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['familial heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['familial coronary artery disease', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: In recent years, an increasing number of studies have investigated the effects of closed-loop anti- @entity302 treatments. Most of the current research still is very labour intensive: real-time treatment is manually triggered and conclusions can only be drawn after multiple days of manual review and annotation of the electroencephalogram (EEG). In this paper we propose a technique based on reservoir computing (RC) to automatically and in real-time detect @entity302 in the intra-cranial EEG (iEEG) of @entity302 @entity35 in order to immediately trigger @entity410 treatment. The performance of the system is evaluated in two different @entity410 types: @entity2048 from @entity74 @entity35 from Strasbourg (GAERS) and limbic @entity410 from @entity159 ( @entity159 ) @entity35 . The dataset consists of 452 hours iEEG from 23 GAERS and 2083 hours iEEG from 22 @entity159 @entity35 . In the default set-up the system detects 0.09 and 0.13 false positives per @entity410 and misses 0.07 and 0.005 events per @entity410 for GAERS and @entity159 @entity35 respectively. It achieves an average detection delay below 1s in GAERS and less than 10s in the @entity159 data. This detection delay and the number of missed @entity410 can be further decreased when a higher false positive rate is allowed. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art detection techniques and only a few parameters require optimization on a limited training set. It is therefore suited for automatic @entity410 detection based on iEEG and may serve as a useful tool for @entity302 researchers. The technique avoids the time-consuming manual review and annotation of EEG and can be incorporated in a closed-loop treatment strategy.

title: Real-time detection of XXXX in animal models using reservoir computing.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic absence epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['post status epilepticus', 'PSE']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity27415 ( @entity27415 ), considered the most abundant sea turtle species, is listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. The most important nesting areas are located in the Eastern Pacific, and @entity600 have been previously reported in this species. The present study was conducted in a single population at El Verde beach, one of the most important nesting beaches for the species in the northwestern Mexican Pacific. The study was based on embryos that had been incubated in a controlled environment. @entity751 ( @entity751 ) was observed in 124 of 20  257 olive ridley embryos (0.6%), comprising 124 of 400 (31%) cases of @entity600 over a 7-month period. Affected embryos had @entity600 of the carapace, bridge, or plastron, resulting in exposure of the abdominal or thoracic viscera, as well as spinal @entity600 and abnormal positioning of limbs adjacent to the head with subsequent @entity3947 . @entity751 phenotypes (although lethal) varied from mild to severe, although most cases were severe. @entity751 was mostly associated with @entity600 in the neck (short neck, 80%), tail (anury, 38%), and flippers (different types of dysmelias, 53%). In most cases of severe @entity751 , @entity3947 were present. Documenting these findings could be important to identify the cause of the developmental defects, and identification of the cause of the defects may be of significance to the population and to our efforts to manage this and other populations at risk.

title: XXXX in @entity27415 ( @entity27415 ).

entities_list: @entity27415 :: ('27788', 'Species') :: ['Lepidochelys olivacea', 'olive ridley sea turtle']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Schistosomus reflexus syndrome', 'SRS']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankyloses', 'ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformations', 'malformation']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['Schistosomus Reflexus Syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) is a receptor @entity4149 kinase that has crucial roles in cell proliferation and protection from apoptosis. It is therefore not surprising that @entity2856 is often found overexpressed in many types of @entity5 . This has made @entity2856 a prominent target molecule for pharmacological companies to develop new anti- @entity5 agents. However, several clinical trials during the last 5 years using @entity2856 specific antibodies have shown disappointing results. We have previously shown that upon @entity442 stimulation, the receptor becomes SUMOylated and translocates into the nucleus of @entity5 cells to act as a transcription co-factor. Soon after our original study, several others have reported nuclear @entity2856 (nIGF-1R) as well, and some of them have demonstrated a prognostic value of nIGF-1R expression in @entity5 . In the current study we demonstrate that nIGF-1R binds to and phosphorylates histone H3 at @entity4149 41 (H3Y41) in HeLa cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that phosphorylation of H3Y41 by nIGF-1R, stabilizes the binding of @entity23423 chromatin remodeling protein to Histone H3. Our findings suggest that phosphorylated nIGF-1R, rather than total nIGF-1R, plays a superior role in these contexts. We identified @entity19099 oncogene as a target gene for nIGF-1R and its expression was decreased upon mutation of H3Y41 or by @entity23423 knockdown. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both @entity2856 and @entity23423 binds to the @entity19099 promoter. As @entity19099 protein is implicated in e.g. @entity5 invasion and @entity3 , the nIGF-1R-mediated effects shown in this study may influence such important @entity5 phenotypic actions.

title: Nuclearly translocated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor phosphorylates histone H3 at XXXX 41 and induces @entity19099 expression via @entity23423 chromatin remodeling protein.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2856 :: ('3480', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor', 'IGF-1R']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Histological sections of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue comprising 60 surgical specimens of @entity1 @entity2 were Feulgen stained. The histomorphological images were transferred to an automated image analysing system (VISIAC) and analysed as follows. The geometrical centers of @entity5 cell nuclei were defined as vertices, and the @entity20755 ( @entity20755 ) was calculated based on the two-dimensional distance between the vertices. Segmentation of the images was performed semiautomatically by interactive definition of nuclei of interest and automated detection of nuclear boundaries. Several morphometric features of @entity5 cell nuclei were measured including size, DNA-content (extinction), and form factor, and were set in relation to parameters of the @entity20755 . The following results were obtained: DNA-content and @entity5 cell nucleus size ('center cell') of different microscopic @entity5 growth patterns are related to the number of nearest neighboring cells. No relation was found in the neighboring (surrounding) cells. The different cell types of @entity2 , i.e., the different microscopic @entity5 textures expressed the relation of center cell features to the parameters of @entity20755 . A high amount of DNA content in branching points of the @entity20755 for @entity957 may be interpreted as @entity189 growing in epidermoid textures tend to proliferate from @entity5 cell nuclei related to at least one neighboring cell. The opposite was found for large cell @entity189 (no perceptible microscopic textures of the @entity5 ) which showed the highest DNA content in @entity5 cell nuclei but which was not related to any neighboring cells. This technique allows analysis of growth centers and microenvironment conditions in @entity1 @entity2 in relation to @entity5 texture at the light microscopy level.

title: Combined morphometrical and syntactic structure analysis as tools for histomorphological insight into @entity1 XXXX growth.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity20755 :: ('MESH:D021184', 'Disease') :: ['minimum spanning tree', 'MST']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Currently available treatment modalities for high-risk clinically localized @entity263 have limited chances of achieving complete @entity5 elimination because of either inadequate local or metastatic @entity5 eradication. The goal of this phase I/II study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant @entity1205 and @entity2664 before prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 @entity1 with high-risk clinically localized @entity263 underwent weekly treatment with @entity1205 (35 mg/m(2)), with increasing doses of @entity2664 (2-5 mg/m(2)) for a 12 of 16-week treatment cycle before prostatectomy. @entity251 and @entity1486 (PSA) measurements were made before and after chemotherapy. RESULTS: The maximally tolerated dose for @entity2664 was 4 mg/m(2), and the primary @entity137 was @entity1398 . @entity251 levels were maintained throughout treatment. PSA reductions were observed in 95% of @entity1 , with a median reduction of 41%. The surgery was well tolerated after chemotherapy, without any major complications. Negative surgical margins were attained in 76% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Administration of multi-agent chemotherapy before prostatectomy was safe in this population. This regimen appeared to have antineoplastic activity as evidenced by PSA reductions in the absence of significant @entity251 changes. The benefit of chemotherapy for improving surgical margin rates could not be determined outside of a phase III trial because the effect of @entity1 or surgeon factors could not be dissected from the potential effect of neoadjuvant therapy. Continued study of novel agents in the neoadjuvant setting is warranted because this approach allows for the rapid identification of active agents and for molecular investigation into the mechanism of drug activity.

title: Neoadjuvant XXXX and @entity1205 for high-risk localized @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Ottawa ankle rules (OAR) is a tool physicians may use to determine whether or not to perform an x-ray after an ankle or midfoot distortion or blunt @entity130 to these structures. The rationale of using the OAR is to exclude a @entity174 by means of clinical examination without resort to x-rays, and thereby limiting the use of x-rays, time, costs, etc. The principle of the OAR is that an ankle x-ray is only required when there is bone tenderness along the distal six centimetres of the posterior part of the medial or lateral malleolus, or when the @entity1 is unable to bear weight immediately after the accident and in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Similarly, an x-ray of the midfoot is required only when there is bone tenderness at the base of the 5th metatarsal or the navicular bone, or when the @entity1 is unable to bear weight immediately after the accident and also in the @entity341 . Our hypothesis was that by introducing the OAR, we would reduce the use of x-rays without increasing the number of missed @entity174 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as an intervention study with 882 @entity1 in the control group and 1,014 @entity1 in the intervention group. The intervention consisted of several OAR implementation measures. RESULTS: Before use of the OAR, 62% had an x-ray taken. This proportion was reduced to 57% with the introduction of the OAR. We registered a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in x-ray without increasing the number of missed @entity174 . CONCLUSION: The OAR may reduce the number of x-rays and possibly also save costs and time if implemented in Denmark.

title: Validation of the Ottawa ankle rules in a Danish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although reports on endosonography-guided biliary drainage (ESBD) have been increasing, only a few reports on deployment of a @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) have been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity1702 deployment in ESBD. METHODS: Of 42 @entity1 who underwent ESBD during the period from January 2007 to August 2011, 21 @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 in whom @entity1702 deployment had been attempted were included. In the first session, a plastic stent or @entity1702 was placed in a bilio-enteric @entity254 (BEA) method. @entity1702 was deployed with the one-step technique or with replacement of a plastic stent with a @entity1702 in the second session. The technical success, early and late complications, and stent patency of @entity1702 were evaluated. RESULTS: One-step @entity1702 deployment was attempted in seven @entity1 , and @entity1702 was deployed with stent exchange in 14. @entity1702 deployment was successful in all @entity1 without any complications. Finally, @entity1702 was placed in a BEA method in 16 @entity1 (extrahepatic bile duct, 13; intrahepatic bile duct, three), and with antegrade deployment in five. Late complications occurred in three @entity1 who underwent deployment of @entity1702 in a BEA method (stent obstruction in two and @entity255 in one). The mean stent patency period was 433 days. CONCLUSIONS: As @entity1702 deployment in ESBD is safe and provides long stent patency, a @entity1702 seems to be the stent of choice in ESBD for @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 in whom long survival is expected.

title: Metallic stent deployment in endosonography-guided biliary drainage: long-term follow-up results in @entity1 with bilio-enteric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['self-expandable metal stents', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['reflux cholangitis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: It is of importance to search for prognostic indicators supplementing the @entity5 -node- @entity3 stage for surgically resected early-stage lung @entity420 . The roles of stromal invasion and micropapillary pattern in categorising histopathology and predicting the prognosis of @entity2 are explored. METHODS: We retrospectively examined 212 consecutive surgically resected @entity2 to propose a new histopathology-based categorical classification. @entity5 have pure lepidic growth pattern without stromal invasion (ie, @entity15709 ). Stromal invasion in the form of central fibrotic focus is absent in category B @entity5 and present in @entity5 . Category B is subclassified into B1, which has areas of lepidic growth, and B2, which does not. Category C is subclassified into C1, which has invasive @entity5 cells in the periphery of central fibrotic focus, and C2, which has invasive @entity5 cells in the centre of central fibrotic focus. Based on the absence or presence of micropapillary pattern, the C2 @entity5 are further subclassified into C2a and @entity33818 , respectively. RESULTS: The 5-year recurrence-free probabilities for categories B1 (17 cases), B2 (10 cases), C1 (nine cases), C2a (114 cases) and @entity33818 (62 cases) are 100%, 78.8%, 100%, 67.5% and 53.1%, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on stromal invasion and micropapillary pattern, the histopathological categorical classification proposed here provides a concise and precise scheme for outcome prediction in early-stage lung @entity420 .

title: Stromal invasion and micropapillary pattern in 212 consecutive surgically resected XXXX : histopathological categories for prognosis prediction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Category A tumours', 'tumours', 'category C tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['stage I lung adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['stage I lung adenocarcinomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Thermal TRP channels mediate temperature transduction and @entity158 sensation. The vanilloid receptor @entity22269 is involved in detection of noxious heat in a subpopulation of high-threshold nociceptors. It also plays a critical role in development of @entity1931 , but the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. Here we analyze the @entity6167 of the @entity22269 channel. Heat activation of the channel exhibits strong use @entity734 . Prior heat activation can profoundly alter its subsequent temperature responsiveness, causing decreases in both temperature activation threshold and slope sensitivity of temperature @entity734 while accelerating activation time courses. Notably, heat and agonist activations differ in cross use- @entity734 . Prior heat stimulation can dramatically sensitize agonist responses, but not conversely. Quantitative analyses indicate that the use @entity734 in @entity6167 is pertinent to the process of temperature sensing by the channel. The use @entity734 of @entity22269 reveals that the channel can have a dynamic temperature sensitivity. The temperature sensing structures within the channel have multiple conformations and the temperature activation pathway is separate from the agonist activation pathway. Physiologically, the use @entity734 of @entity22269 confers nociceptors with a @entity56 to heat and thus provides a mechanism for peripheral @entity1931 .

title: Use Dependence of Heat Sensitivity of Vanilloid Receptor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['thermal hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heat sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity22269 :: (51393,Gene) :: ['TRPV2']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the oxygenation of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa using indirect pH measurements in a porcine septic model (intravenous infusion of live @entity526 ). By means of intraluminally placed balloon catheters (Tonomitior) permeable to @entity515 , intramucosal pH (pHi) was calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and portal blood flow were measured using Swan-Ganz catheters. Samples were taken from the gastrointestinal tract for histological examination. Nine @entity1707 were given i.v. @entity526 infusion while six @entity1707 served as sham controls and were given an equivalent amount of Ringer's solution only. All septic animals developed hemodynamic signs of @entity326 . Gastric, small intestinal and sigmoid colonic pHi decreased gradually during the four hour observation period. In the small intestine and the sigmoid colon the decrease was significant already after one hour (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02, respectively). Microscopic examination of tissue specimens obtained 4 hours following induction of @entity295 revealed normal or close to normal findings in all the sham and in more than half of the septic animals. These findings indicate that abnormally low gastrointestinal intramucosal pH may be found early in @entity295 , preceding microscopically detectable damage by several hours. It is concluded that the tonometer technique does provide early detection of @entity344 in @entity326 .

title: Early detection of XXXX in porcine @entity526 @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'septicemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal ischemia']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal mucosal ischemia']


abstract: In a survey on @entity5124 in Peru a study was made of 653 stool samples; material from 8 cases of perinatal @entity204 , in which a macroscopic diagnosis of @entity5124 had been made at autopsy; 1 sample of vaginal secretion from a @entity1 with abortion due to @entity5124 ; and 1 case of abscess which turned out to be an @entity15111 . The following results have been obtained: 1. From the faeces 7 isolates of Listeria (1.07%) were obtained: 3 belonged to @entity5125 serovar 4ab, 3 to @entity16085 (the former "4g"--nownow serovar 6b) and 1 to @entity5125 serovar 4a. 2. The 8 strains of autopsy materials belonged to @entity5125 : 6 serovar 4b and 2 serovar 4d. 3. From the vaginal secretion @entity5125 serovar 4b was cultured. 4. The strain from the @entity15111 was identified as @entity5125 serovar 4b. The serovars 4a, 4ab and 4d are at this time the only ones identified in Peru as cause of @entity1 @entity5124 . The serovars of serogroup 1/2 frequent in Western and primarily in Central Europe, were so far never cultivated.

title: @entity1 XXXX in Peru.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity15111 :: ('MESH:D006409', 'Disease') :: ['hematometra']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['listeriosis']

answer: @entity5124 :: (MESH:D008088,Disease) :: ['listeriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing a variety of @entity102 , most of which are associated with @entity146 . We examined the associations of @entity308 and @entity148 with body mass index (BMI) after taking into consideration the obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs) and other psychosocial or lifestyle factors. METHODS: We analyzed the data collected from 177,047 @entity1 (aged>or=18 years) in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Current @entity308 was assessed by the @entity1 Health Questionnaire-8 diagnostic algorithm. Lifetime diagnoses of @entity308 , @entity148 and ORCs were self-reported. The prevalence of the three @entity146 was age standardized to the 2000 US population. Multivariate-adjusted prevalence ratios were computed to test associations of @entity308 and @entity148 with BMI using SUDAAN software. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of current @entity308 , lifetime diagnosed @entity308 and @entity148 varied significantly by gender. Within each gender, the prevalence of the three @entity146 was significantly higher in both @entity1 and @entity1 who were underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m(2)), in @entity1 who were overweight (BMI: 25-<30 kg/m(2)) or @entity28 (BMI>or=30 kg/m(2)), and in @entity1 who had @entity28 (BMI>or=40 kg/m(2)) than in those with a normal BMI (18.5-<25 kg/m(2)). After adjusting for demographics, ORCs, lifestyle or psychosocial factors, compared with @entity1 with a normal BMI, @entity1 with a BMI>or=40 kg/m(2) were significantly more likely to have current @entity308 or lifetime diagnosed @entity308 and @entity148 ; @entity1 with a BMI<18.5 kg/m(2) were also significantly more likely to have lifetime diagnosed @entity308 . @entity1 who were either overweight or @entity28 were significantly more likely than @entity1 with a normal BMI to have all the three @entity146 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that disparities in the prevalence of @entity308 and @entity148 exist among @entity1 with different BMI levels independent of their disease status or other psychosocial or lifestyle factors.

title: XXXX and @entity148 among US adults: associations with body mass index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'class III obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: @entity4738 overexpression has been reported in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 , but much less in known about its presence in @entity788 . Only one report is available in the literature, back to 1994, since that no peculiar attention has been paid to this issue. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue sections was performed in @entity1 normal pancreata and well differentiated @entity788 (monoclonal primary antibody, ABCAM, Cambridge, UK). As positive control @entity9962 was used. In the normal non-tumorous pancreas a strong positivity was detected in all acinar cells, typically in the cytoplasm. Nuclear staining was not visible. The distribution of the positive reaction was homogenous. The ductal @entity3123 cells also displayed a strong positivity. The location of the immune reaction was mainly cytoplasmic but in some @entity5 a strong nuclear reaction was also noticed. In some slides acini remained also positive in the close vicinity of the @entity5 . Although the positivity of the ductal @entity5 cells was a constant finding in our samples, surprisingly, the liver @entity3 was completely negative. Strong @entity4738 expression was also found in xenografted @entity1 @entity788 showing a diffuse, mainly cytoplasmic positivity. Our studies have shown that the @entity1 @entity3123 do overexpress a strong @entity4738 positivity, but its significance is not clear. However, this finding might have a clinical relevance.

title: Overexpression of XXXX in @entity1 @entity788 and in xenografts. An immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinomas', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'Glucocorticoid receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']


abstract: 1. Previous work indicates that agonists of @entity9315 receptors can act within the spinal cord to stimulate autonomic outputs to the colorectum and to blood vessels. Because of the close relationship between colorectal and urinary bladder control, we have investigated whether @entity23854 agonists also stimulate spinal centres that influence the bladder. 2. The @entity23854 agonist @entity26881 (10 mg/kg), injected intravenously in anaesthetized male @entity35 , disrupted the ongoing cycle of micturition reflexes and caused phasic oscillations in pressure that averaged approximately 20 mmHg. Fluid output from the bladder was diminished. The effects of @entity26881 were inhibited by @entity4033 (10 mg/kg bolus followed by 4 mg/kg per h infusion, i.v.) and were further reduced by @entity3897 (5 mg/kg bolus followed by 2.5 mg/kg per h infusion, i.v.). @entity26881 (250 microg) injected directly into the spinal cord at the lumbosacral level also increased contractile activity of the bladder. However, @entity26881 , up to 0.1 mmol/L, had no effect on the tension of isolated muscle strips from the bladder. Effects of intravenous @entity26881 (10 mg/kg) on bladder pressure were still observed after the descending pathways in the spinal cord were disrupted at the thoracic level. 3. In situ hybridization studies revealed @entity23854 gene expression in neurons of the autonomic intermediolateral (IML) cell columns. Following a series of micturition reflexes elicited by infusion of saline into the bladder, the immediate early gene product @entity5019 was observed in neurons of the lumbosacral IML and approximately 20% of these also expressed @entity23854 gene transcripts. 4. It is concluded that @entity9315 receptors are expressed by lumbosacral autonomic preganglionic neurons of the micturition reflex pathways and that @entity23854 agonists stimulate these neurons.

title: Evidence for functional @entity9315 receptors on parasympathetic preganglionic neurons of micturition control pathways in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity26881 :: ('MESH:C433143', 'Chemical') :: ['capromorelin', 'Capromorelin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of @entity134 injections for periocular @entity8702 on adrenal function and body composition. DESIGN: Noncomparative, interventional case series. @entity1 : Four @entity1 with periocular @entity2695 . METHODS: Four white female @entity1 with sight-threatening periocular @entity6446 received a combination of @entity134 injections of @entity2713 and @entity5935 . In the first 2 cases, injections were perilesional and in the other 2, intralesional. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The @entity1 were monitored by serial measurements of basal serum @entity701 concentrations, responses to the Synacthen stimulation test, measurement of growth and of @entity1017 , and, in one case, more detailed anthropometric measures of body composition. RESULTS: Prolonged suppression of circulating serum @entity701 concentrations and @entity701 responses to the Synacthen stimulation test were noted in 3 cases, and marked @entity11360 was noted in all 4 cases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity774 after @entity134 injection for periocular @entity8702 is a potentially life-threatening complication. Failure to thrive is also a frequent side effect of treatment. Ophthalmologists should undertake the above treatment in consultation with a pediatric endocrinologist.

title: @entity774 and @entity11360 after @entity134 injections for periocular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity11360 :: ('MESH:D005183', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal suppression']

entities_list: @entity6446 :: ('MESH:D004687', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomata']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stump dehiscence after pneumonectomy is a cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 treated for @entity1149 . Surgical repair remains the treatment of choice but can be postponed or contraindicated. Bronchoscopic techniques may be an option with curative intent or as a bridge towards definitive surgery. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and the outcome of a new customised covered conical self-expandable metallic stent in the management of large @entity292 complicating pneumonectomies. METHODS: A case series using chart review of non-operable @entity1 presenting with large @entity292 (>6mm) post-pneumonectomies as a definitive treatment with curative intent for @entity1149 and requiring the use of a dedicated conical shaped stent in two tertiary referral centres. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 presenting large post-pneumonectomy @entity292 (between 6 and 12 mm) were included. Cessation of the air leak and clinical improvement was achieved in all the @entity1 after stent placement. Stent-related complications (two migrations and one stent @entity397 ) were successfully managed using bronchoscopic techniques in two @entity1 and surgery in one. Mortality, mainly related to overwhelming @entity295 , was 57%. Delayed definitive surgery was achieved successfully in three @entity1 (43%). CONCLUSIONS: This case series assesses the short-term clinical efficacy of a new customised covered conical self-expandable metallic stent in the multidisciplinary management of large @entity292 complicating pneumonectomies in @entity1 deemed non-operable. Long-term benefits are jeopardised by infectious complications.

title: The integrated place of tracheobronchial stents in the multidisciplinary management of large post-pneumonectomy XXXX : our experience using a novel customised conical self-expandable metallic stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung carcinoma', 'non-small-cell lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistulas', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wound care is the cornerstone of treatment for @entity1 with @entity2640 ( @entity2640 ); however, there are currently no guidelines to help practitioners care for these @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to generate a list of recommendations that will enable practitioners to better care for @entity1 with @entity2640 . METHODS: An expert panel generated a list of recommendations based on the best evidence available. The recommendations were translated into a survey, and sent to other @entity2640 experts to generate consensus using an online-based modified Delphi method. The list was refined and grouped into themes and specific recommendations. RESULTS: There were 15 respondents (45% response rate), with significant experience in the @entity2640 field (>10 years [67%]). Respondents included physicians (67%), nurses (17%), and allied health professionals (7%). There was more than 85% agreement for all the proposed items. These were further refined and grouped into 5 main themes (assessment and management of factors that impair healing, @entity1 -centered concerns, local wound care, development of an individualized care plan, and organizational support) and 17 specific recommendations. LIMITATIONS: There is a paucity of scientific evidence with most recommendations based on expert opinion. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations will provide practitioners with a framework for caring for these @entity1 . Additional scientific research including effectiveness studies for everyday practice and expert consensus, may further refine these recommendations.

title: A consensus approach to wound XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2640 :: ('MESH:D004820', 'Disease') :: ['EB', 'epidermolysis bullosa']

answer: @entity2640 :: (MESH:D004820,Disease) :: ['care in epidermolysis bullosa']


abstract: An epizootic of @entity854 ( @entity17523 ) was recently detected among wild birds in Alaska. Here we describe the gross, histologic, and ultrastructural features of the disease in 30 affected adult black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus). Grossly, there was elongation of the rhamphotheca, with varying degrees of lateral deviation, crossing, and gapping between the upper and lower beak. Not uncommonly, the claws were overgrown, and there was alopecia, scaling, and crusting of the skin. The most prominent histopathologic features in the beak included @entity1373 , @entity5656 , and core-like intrusions of @entity39 . In affected birds, particularly those with moderate to severe beak overgrowth, there was remodeling of premaxillary and mandibular bones and various dermal lesions. Lesions analogous to those found in beaks were present in affected claws, indicating that this disorder may target both of these similar tissues. Mild to moderate @entity5656 occurred in other keratinized tissues, including skin, feather follicles, and, occasionally, sinus epithelium, but typically only in the presence of microbes. We did not find consistent evidence of a bacterial, fungal, or viral etiology for the beak lesions. The changes observed in affected birds did not correspond with any known @entity17523 , suggesting a potentially novel @entity74 in wild birds.

title: Macroscopic, histologic, and ultrastructural lesions associated with XXXX in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus).

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity17523 :: ('MESH:D001715', 'Disease') :: ['avian diseases', 'avian keratin disorder']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['beak abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratotic disorder']

answer: @entity17523 :: (MESH:D001715,Disease) :: ['avian keratin disorder']


abstract: Para pneumonic effusions are often complications of @entity2028 , occurring in 5-50% @entity1 and in 15% cases it can progress into @entity4327 . @entity4327 treatment includes drainage of pus, re-expansion of lung by using appropriate antibiotics. Surgical treatment covers implementation of certain thoracic drainage modifications, use of VATS techniques and thoracotomy with pleura decortications. @entity1 : Research has involved 100 @entity1 with diagnosis and treatment of para pneumonic and meta pneumonic @entity4327 . RESULTS: Based on previously defined phase of @entity4327 it was determined which surgical procedures have been used in definitive treatment of @entity4327 . In case of 31,17% (24/77) @entity1 it has been found that pre-clinical treatment lasted 31 days and longer, and 49,35% (38/77) @entity1 have been admitted at Clinic after 11 to 30 days of pre-clinic treatment. Only in 19.48% (15/77) @entity1 pre-clinic treatment lasted up to 10 days. 79% (79/100) @entity1 were in third phase of disease, 19% (19/100) @entity1 were in second phase and 2% (2/100) @entity1 were in first stage of disease. Among @entity1 with first stage of disease 1 @entity1 was subject to pleural drainage and 1 was subject to decortications. Among @entity1 with second phase of disease 10 @entity1 were subject to pleural drainage and 9 to decortications. Among @entity1 with third phase of disease 20 @entity1 were subject to pleural drainage and 49 to decortications, 4 @entity1 were subject to pleural drainage with rib resection, and 2 were subject to combination of thoracoscopy and drainage, while in case of 4 @entity1 it was necessary to perform additional drainage. CONCLUSIONS: Pleural drainage is first procedure in surgical treatment of @entity4327 , but very often it is not definitive measure of treatment of @entity1 with third phase of disease. Definitive treatment of @entity3509 in third phase is decortications of pleura carried out on 62% @entity1 with this phase of disease. Efficiency of treatment determined on basis of mortality level is satisfactory.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX according to disease stage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyema', 'Pleural empyema']

answer: @entity4327 :: (MESH:D016724,Disease) :: ['pleural empyema']


abstract: @entity75 initiated during global @entity63 has been shown to be exacerbated by @entity68 -dependent lipid peroxidation during early reperfusion. We hypothesized that other cellular components might be involved in similar free radical reactions. In this study we examined three brain protein fractions and ribosomal RNA for evidence of free radical damage during post-ischemic reperfusion. Global @entity2806 was induced by 20-min @entity1167 . @entity235 were divided into four groups: (1) non-ischemic controls; (2) 20-min @entity1167 without reperfusion; (3) 20-min @entity1167 and 2 h reperfusion; (4) 20-min @entity1167 and 8 h reperfusion. Soluble proteins and proteins from ribosomes and synaptosomes were assayed by a @entity29455 method for @entity6738 groups, which are characteristic products of protein peroxidation. The ribosomal RNA was also examined by electrophoresis. When proteins from each fraction were peroxidized in vitro by Fenton reagents, @entity6738 content increased as @entity8798 was increased from 0 to 100 microM. However, following reperfusion there was no significant accumulation of @entity6738 content in either the soluble (ANOVA P = 0.92) or ribosome (P = 0.10) protein fractions. There was a significant decrease in the @entity6738 content of the synaptosome protein fraction after 8 h of reperfusion (P = 0.03). Similarly, although ribosomal RNA fragmentation was observed in @entity5611 stained agarose gels following in vitro reaction with Fenton reagents, there was no evidence of ribosomal RNA fragmentation or cross-linking following reperfusion. These results suggest that reperfusion free radical reactions do not involve these cellular proteins or ribosomal RNA.

title: Assessment of free radical-induced @entity75 after XXXX and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain damage']

entities_list: @entity29455 :: ('MESH:C446799', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrophenylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: As summarized in the last issue of the EJM, @entity1 papillomaviruses induce a great variety of @entity3137 and the skin. Particular types of these viruses are associated with specific @entity1 @entity5 , @entity189 . These @entity5 account for about fifteen percent of the whole worldwide @entity5 burden. However, recent epidemiological studies revealed that @entity1083 including those with the @entity5 -related papillomavirus types are very widespread even among asymptomatic healthy individuals. Here, the current understanding of the molecular events leading to papillomavirus-induced @entity5 will be reviewed. It is assumed that these @entity5 arise as a consequence of several molecular modifications of persistently papillomavirus-infected epithelial cells. Experimental studies revealed that the virus types associated with @entity5 harbour two potential oncogenes referred to as E6 and E7. These viral genes are consistently expressed in @entity189 cells. HPV-associated cervical @entity189 cells loose their neoplastic growth properties if the expression of the E6 and E7 genes is inhibited. The proteins encoded by these viral genes thus appear to be ideal targets for a specific pharmacological approach to treat papillomavirus associated @entity5 or their respective precursor lesions. Recent studies in animals furthermore suggest that active vaccination with the viral oncoprotein E7 prevents growth of papillomavirus associated @entity5 . Hence, the possibility arises that also in @entity1 , vaccination with the viral transforming proteins might prevent the development of papillomavirus associated @entity5 .

title: Papillomaviruses in XXXX disease: Part II. Molecular biology and immunology of @entity1083 and carcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anogenital cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['papillomavirus infections']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-associated anogenital carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'most notably anogenital carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions of mucosal epithelia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The incidence of post-traumatic @entity1276 (PTH) has been reported to be 0.7-51.4%, and we have frequently observed the development of PTH in @entity1 undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC). For this reason we performed a retrospective review of a consecutive series of @entity1 undergoing DC after @entity131 ( @entity131 ). From January 2006 to December 2009, 41 @entity1 underwent DC after closed @entity542 . Study outcomes focused specifically on the development of @entity1276 after DC. Variables described by other authors to be associated with PTH were studied, including advanced age, the timing of cranioplasty, higher score on the Fisher grading system, low post-resuscitation Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection. We also analyzed the influence of the area of craniotomy and the distance of craniotomy from the midline. Logistic regression was used with @entity1276 as the primary outcome measure. Of the nine @entity1 who developed @entity1276 , eight @entity1 (89%) had undergone craniotomy with the superior limit <25 mm from the midline. This association was statistically significant (p = 0.01 - Fisher's exact test). Logistic regression analysis showed that the only factor independently associated with the development of @entity1276 was the distance from the midline. @entity1 with craniotomy whose superior limit was <25 mm from the midline had a markedly increased risk of developing @entity1276 (OR = 17). Craniectomy with a superior limit too close to the midline can predispose @entity1 undergoing DC to the development of @entity1276 . We therefore suggest performing wide DCs with the superior limit >25 mm from the midline.

title: Post-traumatic XXXX after decompressive craniectomy: an underestimated risk factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: @entity328 (pneumococcus) is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in worldwide. After introduction of current pneumococcal vaccines, a marked decrease in the incidence of @entity66 was observed. Unfortunately, serotype shifts in carriage and disease, including capsular switch and presence of antimicrobial resistance, have been found. Here we report live attenuated vaccine strain which is avirulent and can protect from systemic and mucosal @entity66 . Pep27, an autolysis-inducing factor of @entity2260 is known to mediate LytA-dependent and -independent lysis and it was thus expected to effect virulence. The loss of Pep27 had a much larger than expected decrease in virulence and has made the Pep27 mutant strain sufficiently avirulent to be used as a live vaccine. The pep27 mutation unexpectedly had lower level of capsular polysaccharide than the wild type (type 2, D39) strain. Moreover, the pep27 mutant showed rapid clearance by 24 h post intranasal infection, and was not detected in lung and blood suggesting that mutant could not invade into the tissue. Even when 2 10(8)CFU were injected intravenously the mutant was not detected in the blood or brain after 4 h. Whereas 4 h after injection of 6 10(6) CFU of the wild type parent D39 strain, @entity2259 was readily detected. Two dose intranasal immunizations with the live pep27 mutant in the absence of adjuvant elicited IgG antibody and serotype-independent protection against lethal intranasal challenge. Thus Pep27 was essential for virulence, and intranasal immunization with the pep27 mutant could provide protective immunity.

title: XXXX pep27 mutant as a live vaccine for serotype-independent protection in mice.

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease', 'pneumococcal diseases']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Natural and lymphokine activated killer cells (NK and @entity10086 ) are believed to play an important role in the control of @entity5 progression and @entity3 . Their specific receptors on @entity5 cells are still unknown. Several studies suggest that these cells recognise and eliminate abnormal cells with deleted or reduced expression of @entity3998 class I molecules. Previous reports suggest that interferons (IFN), by increasing @entity3998 class I expression on target cells, induce resistance to killing by NK cells. We investigated the role of @entity3998 molecule expression by two @entity1 @entity0 cell lines T47D and ZR75-1 in their susceptibility to NK and @entity10086 cells. These two cell lines spontaneously express low levels of HLA class I antigens but no HLA class II molecules. After @entity379 treatment they both overexpressed @entity3998 class I and de novo expressed class II molecules as detected by flow cytometry, quantified by a radioimmunoassay and analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Opposed to untreated cells these @entity379 treated cells were resistant to NK and @entity10086 lysis. Furthermore, preincubation of @entity379 treated @entity0 cells with F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibodies to HLA class I and HLA class II molecules was unable to restore lysis. In contrast, several complete monoclonal antibodies including anti-HLA class I and HLA class II induced the lysis of target cells whether or not they had been treated by @entity379 . The therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens expressed on @entity5 cells (ADCC) in conjunction with interferon therapy should be discussed in lymphokine-based strategies for treatment of @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Recombinant gamma interferon provokes resistance of XXXX @entity0 cells to spontaneous and IL-2 activated non- @entity3998 restricted cytotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1860 was diagnosed in a 7-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat. @entity491 (74,900/  l) - mature @entity4795 , @entity1712 and basophilia - was observed. Bone marrow aspiration revealed hypercellularity with proliferation of cells of myeloid lineage. An underlying condition leading to @entity491 was not identified. The severe @entity491 did not respond to antibiotic therapy. Based on these findings, @entity1860 was diagnosed. Because of the absence of clinical signs, the cat was monitored without treatment until 7 months after diagnosis, when it developed @entity272 . @entity111 was controlled with oral @entity617 . Forty-two months after diagnosis, the cat developed @entity706 , which was treated with radiation therapy, resulting in complete remission. The cat was still in good physical condition 63 months after diagnosis, despite the persistence of marked @entity4795 , @entity1712 and basophilia.

title: @entity1860 with persistent XXXX , @entity1712 and basophilia in a cat.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['nasal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['pruritic skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukaemia', 'Chronic myelogenous leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocytosis', 'leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity4795 :: (MESH:C563010,Disease) :: ['neutrophilia']


abstract: Cigarette smoking rates remain remarkably high in @entity161 relative to smoking in other @entity146 groups. Impairments in the reward system may be related to elevated rates of @entity1239 @entity734 and lower cessation rates in this @entity146 group. Smokers with @entity161 and @entity914 ( @entity1807 ; n=15; M(age)=54.87, S.D.=6.51, 100% male) and a non- @entity146 control group of smokers ( @entity4049 ; n=16; M(age)=50.38, S.D.=11.52; 93.8% male) were administered a computerized signal detection task to measure reward-based learning. Performance on the signal detection task was assessed by response bias, discriminability, reaction time, and hit rate. Clinician-assessed and self-reported measures of smoking and @entity146 symptoms were completed. @entity1807 exhibited similar patterns of reward-based learning compared to control smokers. However, decreased reward-based learning was associated with increased levels of @entity1239 @entity734 in @entity1807 , but not among control smokers. @entity1239 withdrawal and urge to smoke were correlated with @entity4270 within the @entity1807 group. Among @entity1807 , reduced reward responsiveness and increased @entity4270 were associated with and may contribute to greater co-occurring @entity1239 @entity734 . These findings emphasize the importance of targeting reward system functioning in smoking cessation treatment for individuals with @entity161 .

title: The relationship between reward-based learning and @entity1239 @entity734 in smokers with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Both @entity299 adn cardiovascular risk factors are related to and excess risk of mortality. We sought to determine whether the major cardiovascular risk factors are associated with diminished heart rate variability (HRV), @entity1162 , or @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ). Male (n = 1030) and female (n = 957) subjects, aged 55-74 years, who participated in the population-based MONICA Augsburg survey 1989/90 were assessed for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity28 , @entity2299 , smoking, and low physical activity. Lowest quartiles for time domain indexes of HRV (SD of R-R intervals [SDNN], max-min difference), QTc > 440 ms, and @entity1162 > 60 ms determined from 12-lead resting ECG were used as cutpoints. In @entity1 , after adjustment for age and @entity167 consumption, significant independent determinants for the lowest quartiles of SDNN were @entity6 , @entity28 , and smoking. Independent contributors to prolonged QTc were @entity101 , @entity28 , smoking, and low physical activity, whereas for increased @entity1162 it was only @entity101 . In @entity1 , @entity6 was the only contributor to low SDNN, and @entity101 was the only determinant of prolonged QTc. In conclusion, @entity6 is the primary determinant of reduced HRV in the general population, while @entity101 is the primary contributor to prolonged QTc in both sexes. However, @entity28 and smoking contribute to @entity5433 in @entity1 but not @entity1 . Thus, a selectivity and sex-related differences exist among the various cardiovascular risk factors as to their influence on @entity5433 .

title: Selective contribution of XXXX and other cardiovascular risk factors to @entity299 in the general population.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QTc interval', 'increased QT dispersion', 'QTD']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1778 often present with @entity3084 as a first complaint thus mimicking @entity4932 . The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of @entity3084 at the onset of @entity981 in childhood, the clinical and laboratory specificity of such @entity1 and the prognostic value of @entity3084 as an initial symptom. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 60 @entity1 with @entity981 at a mean age of 5 +/- 0.5 years between February 2002 and October 2007. RESULTS: @entity3084 was present as an initial symptom of @entity1778 in 18 (30.5%) @entity1 . The oligoarticular involvement was prevalent--in 8 @entity1 (44%). Middle-sized joints were affected more commonly--in 10 @entity1 (55.6%), followed by large joints and spine. Laboratory results in @entity1 with @entity3084 show more often normal or slightly decreased platelet count, higher values of @entity880 dehydrogenase and rarely--leukocytosis (> 20 x 10(9)/l). Parablasts in the blood film were detected in 13 @entity1 (72.2%) with @entity3084 . Event-free survival in @entity1 with @entity3084 is comparable to that of the remaining group of @entity981 @entity1 . In conclusion we point out that there should be frequent blood tests in @entity1 with @entity3084 and timely bone marrow biopsy in cases with atypical signs of @entity625 .

title: Childhood XXXX presenting with @entity3084 --characteristics and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarticular syndrome', 'osteoarticular syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']