abstract: Antifibrinolytic drugs are widely used to reduce @entity190 during surgery. One serious adverse effect of these drugs is convulsive @entity410 ; however, the mechanisms underlying such @entity410 remain poorly understood. The antifibrinolytic drugs @entity927 ( @entity928 ) and   - @entity7115 ( @entity930 ) are structurally similar to the inhibitory neurotransmitter @entity2228 . Since reduced function of @entity2228 receptors causes @entity410 , we hypothesized that @entity928 and @entity930 inhibit the activity of @entity2228 receptors. Here we demonstrate that @entity928 and @entity930 are competitive antagonists of @entity2228 receptors in @entity19 . We also showed that the general anesthetic @entity5161 , and to a lesser extent @entity1875 , reverses @entity928 inhibition of @entity2228 receptor-mediated current, suggesting that these drugs could potentially be used to treat @entity928 -induced @entity410 . Finally, we measured the concentration of @entity928 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of @entity1 undergoing major cardiovascular surgery. Surprisingly, peak @entity928 concentration in the CSF occurred after termination of drug infusion and in one @entity1 coincided with the onset of @entity410 . Collectively, these results show that concentrations of @entity928 equivalent to those measured in the CSF of @entity1 inhibited @entity2228 receptors. Furthermore, @entity5161 or @entity1875 may prevent or reverse @entity928 -induced @entity410 .

title: XXXX concentrations associated with @entity1 @entity410 inhibit @entity2228 receptors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity7115 :: ('MESH:D000614', 'Chemical') :: ['aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic acid']


abstract: Organismal lifespan has been the primary readout in aging research. However, how longevity genes control tissue-specific aging remains an open question. To examine the crosstalk between longevity programs and specific tissues during aging, biomarkers of organ-specific aging are urgently needed. Since the earliest signs of aging occur in the skin, we sought to examine skin aging in a genetically tractable model. Here we introduce a @entity238 model of skin aging. The epidermis undergoes a dramatic morphological deterioration with age that includes membrane and nuclear loss. These changes were decelerated in a long-lived mutant and accelerated in a short-lived mutant. An increase in autophagy markers correlated with @entity4890 . Finally, the epidermis of @entity40328 mutants retained younger characteristics, suggesting that autophagy is a critical driver of @entity4890 . This is surprising given that autophagy is generally viewed as protective during aging. Since @entity40328 mutants are short-lived, the deceleration of @entity4890 in this mutant suggests that in the epidermis healthspan can be uncoupled from longevity. Because the aging readout we introduce here has an early onset and is easily visualized, genetic dissection using our model should identify other novel mechanisms by which lifespan genes feed into tissue-specific aging.

title: Autophagy drives epidermal deterioration in a XXXX model of tissue aging.

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal aging']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: When faced with decisions, @entity35 sometimes pause and look back and forth between possible alternatives, a phenomenon termed @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). When it was first observed in the 1930s, @entity2246 was theorized to be a mechanism for exploration. Later theories suggested that @entity2246 aided the resolution of sensory or neuroeconomic conflict. In contrast, recent neurophysiological data suggest that @entity2246 reflects a dynamic search and evaluation process. These theories make unique predictions about the timing of @entity2246 on behavioral tasks. We tested these theories of @entity2246 on a T-maze with return rails, where @entity35 were given a choice between a smaller reward available after one delay or a larger reward available after an adjustable delay. @entity35 showed three clear phases of behavior on this task: investigation, characterized by discovery of task parameters; titration, characterized by iterative adjustment of the delay to a preferred interval; and exploitation, characterized by alternation to hold the delay at the preferred interval. We found that @entity2246 events occurred during adjustment laps more often than during alternation laps. Results were incompatible with theories of @entity2246 as an exploratory behavior, as reflecting sensory conflict, or as a simple neuroeconomic valuation process. Instead, our results were most consistent with @entity2246 as reflecting a search process during deliberative decision making. This pattern of @entity2246 that we observed is reminiscent of current navigational theories proposing a transition from a deliberative to a habitual decision-making mechanism.

title: Interactions between deliberation and delay-discounting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['vicarious trial and error', 'VTE']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), a common treatment of @entity302 and other diseases, is known to have severe toxic effects on testis both in experimental animals and in @entity1 . The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Apium graveolens (AG) against the @entity2052 -induced @entity130 . @entity137 was induced by the administration of @entity2052 (500 mg/kg/day) once daily for 7 consecutive days. Protective group received daily doses (200 mg/kg/day) of AG crude extract for 23 days prior to @entity2052 administration. @entity2052 -induced reproductive @entity137 was assessed based on the weight of testes, sperm analysis, and serum concentrations of sexual hormones. The relative weights of testes and epididymes and the sperm numbers viability were all decreased following the @entity1092 administration. @entity251 levels dropped while follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level increased following the drug administration. Severe histopathological changes in testis were observed such as degeneration of seminiferous tubules and depletion of germ cells. These biochemical and histological changes were also associated with alterations of oxidative stress markers. Levels of @entity1234 have increased, while @entity224 dismutase activity has decreased. Pretreatment with A. graveolens extract has effectively alleviated most of the @entity2052 -induced effects suggesting a protective role of A. graveolens extract against experimental @entity2052 -induced @entity137 . @entity15476 content was estimated and was shown as a major fraction of the A. graveolens extract.

title: Apium graveolens modulates @entity1092 -induced reproductive XXXX in rats.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Testicular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'Sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['testis injury']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sex and individual differences in biological maturity status can influence height, weight, and body fat. Thus, the rigorous control of these variables seems necessary for estimating @entity2973 and @entity28 in adolescents. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 and over-fatness in Azorean adolescents and to examine the contributions of chronological age, sex, estimated maturity status, and @entity410 ( @entity410 ) to the risk of @entity2973 and @entity28 and over-fatness. METHODS: The sample comprised 1,206 youth aged 11-15 years (626 @entity1 and 580 @entity1 ) from the Azores Islands, Portugal. Body mass, stature, and skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and percent fat was predicted from skinfolds. Age- and sex-specific IOTF cut-off values of the BMI defined nutritional status. Biological maturation was estimated as present height expressed as a percentage of predicted adult (mature) stature. The @entity410 was analyzed from the 20-m shuttle run test. RESULTS: The total prevalence rates of @entity2973 / @entity28 and over-fatness were of 31% and 27%, respectively. Low @entity410 (unfit) and being average and advanced in maturity status were positively and significantly associated with @entity2973 / @entity28 and with risk of being over-fatness in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence rates of @entity2973 / @entity28 and over-fatness were identified in @entity164 , and low @entity410 and advanced biological maturation were positively associated with @entity2973 / @entity28 and over-fatness in our sample of adolescents.

title: Nutritional status, biological maturation and @entity410 in XXXX aged 11-15 years.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Azorean youth']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Azorean youth']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) transplantation has rapidly expanded in recent years. Currently, several sources of HPCs are available for transplantation including peripheral blood HPCs (PBPCs), cord blood cells, and marrow cells. Of these, PBPC collection has become the major source of HPCs. An important variable in PBPC collection is the response to PBPC mobilization, which varies significantly and sometime causes mobilization failure. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 69 healthy donors who underwent PBPC donation by leukapheresis was performed. All of these donors received 10    g/kg/day or more @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) for 5 days before PBPC harvest. Donor factors were evaluated and correlated with mobilization responses, as indicated by the precollection @entity2280 count (pre- @entity2280 ). RESULTS: Donors with a pre- @entity2280 of more than 100       10(6) /L had higher body mass index (BMI) compared with donors whose pre- @entity2280 was 38       10(6) to 99       10(6) /L or less than 38       10(6) /L (32.0        1.04   kg/m(2) vs. 28.7        0.93   kg/m(2) vs. 25.9        1.27   kg/m(2) , respectively; p   <   0.05). In addition, donors with high BMIs had higher pre- @entity2280 on a per-kilogram-of-body-weight basis compared with donors with low BMIs. CONCLUSION: BMI is an important factor that affects donor's response to mobilization and consequently the @entity1583 yield. This effect may be due to a relatively high dose of @entity1261 administered to donors with higher BMI or due to the presence of unknown intrinsic factors affecting mobilization that correlate with the amount of adipose tissue in each donor.

title: Donor body mass index is an important factor that affects peripheral blood progenitor cell yield in healthy donors after mobilization with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HPC', 'hematopoietic progenitor cell']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to evaluate @entity1 with suspected @entity358 ( @entity358 ) and @entity118 ( @entity118 ) using fast cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrafast three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). BACKGROUND: Precise anatomic definition of @entity358 , and the atrial septum are prerequisites for surgical correction of @entity118 . Cardiac catheterization and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are currently used to diagnose @entity358 , but did not provide complete information in our @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 with suspected @entity358 were studied by MRA after inconclusive assessment by catheterization, TEE or both. The MRI images were acquired with a fast cine sequence and a novel ultrafast three-dimensional sequence before and after contrast injection. RESULTS: Partial @entity1700 was demonstrated in 16 of 20 @entity1 and was excluded in four @entity1 . Magnetic resonance imaging correctly diagnosed @entity358 and @entity118 in all @entity1 (100%) who underwent surgery. For the diagnosis of @entity358 , the MRI and catheterization results agreed in 74% of @entity1 and the MRI and TEE agreed in 75% of @entity1 . For @entity118 , MRI agreed with catheterization and TEE in 53% and 83% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Fast cine MRI with three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MRA provides rapid and comprehensive anatomic definition of @entity358 and @entity118 in @entity1 with adult @entity299 in a single examination.

title: Ultrafast three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and imaging in the diagnosis of partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary veins', 'APVs', 'anomalous pulmonary and systemic veins']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASDs']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous drainage']


abstract: A 25-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, in June 1997. He had an @entity717 and had suffered from repeated @entity281 since childhood. @entity6447 had developed at 19 years of age and he had been clinically diagnosed with @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) @entity6447 and oculocutaneous @entity8721 at 24 years of age. He died from pneumonia and @entity177 at 26 years of age. Neuropathological examination revealed Purkinje cell loss and @entity194 of the dentate nuclei in the cerebellum, anterior horn-cell @entity194 and @entity17 of the gracile fasciculi in the spinal cord, and the existence of nucleocytomegalic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. These neuropathological findings correlated with previously reported cases of @entity1129 . In addition, @entity7495 was found, predominantly around the blood vessels in the cerebral cortex. Diffuse @entity7495 and multiple foci of @entity39 with @entity730 were noted in the white matter. Abnormal vasculature was noted in both @entity39 in the cerebral cortex and in the white matter. The vessels at the center of the areas of @entity7495 in the cerebral cortex had irregularly arranged and enlarged smooth-muscle-cell nuclei and a distorted, narrow lumen. The vessels present in the white matter were hyalinized. To our knowledge, these @entity455 in the brain parenchyma have not been reported previously.

title: @entity1129 with XXXX in the brain parenchyma: report of an autopsy case and literature review.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative and necrotic areas', 'coagulative necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['spongy degeneration']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'ataxia telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['comprising cerebellar ataxia', 'Cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular abnormalities']


abstract: A morphological and histochemical study has been made of the development of the field @entity35 (Millaridia meltada) ovary with special reference to follicular and interstitial gland tissue development. On day 17 of foetal life, the developing ovary consists of surface epithelium, clusters of germ cells associated with pregranulosa cells, undifferentiated stromal cells and blood vessels. The primordial follicles first appear on foetal day 19. The primary follicles develop on postnatal days 1 and 3, small secondary follicles on days 5 and large ones on day 10; the antral follicles appear on day 17. Zona pellucida material first appears in primary follicles on postnatal day 3. The thecal layer of stromal origin begins to be formed on postnatal day 5. Some lipid bodies consisting of phospholipids are present in the granutosa cells of healthy follicles. Lipids of hypertrophied theca interna cells, which develop on postnatal days 16 and 17, consist of @entity1674 and phospholipids; @entity165 and/or its @entity14743 also store later on during the postnatal period. @entity1146 affects follicles of all sizes. The granulosa of atretic large secondary and antral follicles stores @entity1674 , @entity165 and/or its @entity14743 and some phospholipids. Their hypertrophied theca interna cells form patches of interstitial gland cells in the @entity43 , which develop diffuse lipoproteins and lipid bodies composed of @entity165 and/or its @entity14743 , @entity1674 and phospholipids. Two types of interstitial cells are identified in the developing ovary of the field @entity35 . The primary interstitial cells start developing from the interfollicular fibroblast-like stromal cells on postnatal day 10. The secondary interstitial cells originate by the @entity1184 of the theca interna and surrounding stroma of the atretic follicles and they start accumulating from postnatal day 17 onwards. The lipids of both types of interstitial cells consist of diffusely distributed lipoproteins and lipid droplets composed of @entity1674 , phospholipids and @entity165 and/or its @entity14743 . The functional meaning of interstitial gland cells is discussed in relation to @entity134 hormone synthesis.

title: Morphological and histochemical studies on the foetal and postnatal ovaries of the field XXXX (Millardia meltada).

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stroma']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity17433 ( @entity17433 ) is characterized by generalized scaling of the skin and is often resistant to ordinary emollients. Recently, Locobase(R) fatty cream containing a mixture of 5% @entity880 and 20% @entity2771 ( @entity5523 ) was found to be markedly effective in a pilot study. To consolidate this finding, a double-blind study comparing @entity5523 with the corresponding mixture in Essex(R) (Diprobase(R)) cream (LPE) and Locobase(R) fatty cream containing either 5% @entity1133 or 20% @entity2771 was conducted in 20 @entity1 with @entity17433 . Before and after applying the creams twice daily on each of the four extremities for 4 weeks, the following investigations were performed: scoring of xerosis, scaling and erythema, measurements of skin hydration (capacitance) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and moulding of the skin surface (replicas). Xerosis was reduced by all four creams, but significantly more so by @entity5523 (P < 0.001) and LPE (P < 0.01). Scaling was only reduced by @entity5523 (P < 0.001) and LPE (P < 0.01), which also caused a slight increase in the erythema score (P < 0.05 for both). The @entity1 ' weekly evaluation of symptoms showed that @entity5523 produced the most rapid effect: the response rate after 4 weeks was 63%. Skin hydration and TEWL were both significantly increased by @entity5523 and LPE, whereas skin roughness was reduced most by @entity5523 . Fourteen @entity1 preferred @entity5523 over the other cream formulations. Ten @entity1 continued using @entity5523 for up to 8 weeks with good results and no side-effects other than occasional irritation in the skin folds. @entity5523 is a major advance in the topical treatment of @entity17433 that suits most @entity1 . Some @entity1 , however, seem to prefer the more hydrophilic LPE formulation. Both formulations effectively reduce @entity5656 and xerosis, but may cause slight irritation and adversely affect the epidermal barrier function.

title: Improved topical treatment of XXXX : a double-blind study of four different cream formulations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity17433 :: ('MESH:D017490', 'Disease') :: ['Lamellar ichthyosis', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity17433 :: (MESH:D017490,Disease) :: ['lamellar ichthyosis']


abstract: Fifty-six consecutive @entity1 with acute anterior @entity1188 were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography to determine the incidence and complications of @entity715 . Mean follow-up period was 4.4 months. @entity1002 was demonstrated in 14 @entity1 (25%) between 25 and 54 days after @entity1188 (group A), in 42 @entity1 (group B) it was not demonstrated. @entity9009 , and Forrester's hemodynamic subset-III were significantly (P less than 0.02) associated with @entity715 development. Ten @entity1 of group A received heparin (6.6 days mean); the remaining four @entity1 received @entity117 and @entity4341 . Thrombi formation were not significantly prevented with both treatments (chi 2 = 0.635). During follow-up period, @entity715 persisted in 6 @entity1 of group A, all of them with apical and septal dyskinesis. Three @entity1 had a @entity64 (5.3%), one of them of group A; no heparin anticoagulation was administered in two. We conclude that apical and septal dyskinesis during acute anterior @entity1188 is generally associated with mural thrombi development. Due to the embolic risk therapeutic anticoagulation must be considered in these @entity1 .

title: [Left ventricular mural XXXX in acute anterior myocardial infarct].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['Apical and septal dyskinesis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['left-ventricular thrombosis', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left-ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: Oxidative stress secondary to @entity63 can cause physiopathologic changes that adversely affect wound healing. In this experimental study, we hypothesized that the topical use of esterified @entity2041 , a well-known antioxidant, can minimize the effects of oxidative stress by an increase in intracellular @entity2041 and accelerate wound healing by increasing the contraction capacity of fibroblasts and preventing keratinocytes from apoptosis in a @entity35 @entity63 wound model. Experimental models were divided into 3 groups as treatment, control, and healthy. Bipedicled flaps were elevated from the dorsum of the @entity35 , and 6-mm punch wounds were created at the end of the first day when the @entity63 is most apparent. Wounds were followed histopathologically and immunohistochemically, and @entity17533 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase ( @entity6930 ) levels were measured by ELISA. Samples were collected at 0, 5, 8, 10, and 12 days. Histopathologic evaluation revealed significant extracellular matrix deposition and reepithelization every fifth day in treatment and healthy groups when compared with control group. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed increased apoptosis in basal keratinocytes in the control group when compared with the other groups. The evaluation of the samples collected at 5 and 8 days revealed increased @entity17533 levels in treatment and control groups, but the increase in @entity6930 levels was more significant than @entity17533 levels in treatment group. @entity17533 / @entity6930 ratio was significantly low in the treatment group.Our results showed that topical @entity2197 treatment can reduce oxidative stress, and the reestablishment of the @entity17533 / @entity6930 ratio gives way to adequate and regular extracellular matrix production and reepithelization. It is concluded that esterified @entity2197 , which is experimentally shown to be effective in @entity63 wound healing, can be used clinically in @entity63 wounds.

title: Effects of topical @entity2041 treatment in @entity35 XXXX wound model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: When small colorectal lesions are accurately characterized, @entity652 can be removed and discarded without formal histopathology analysis. Previous studies in an academic setting showed that many lesions can be managed accurately on the basis of their endoscopic image (optical diagnosis). We performed a prospective study to assess the accuracy of optical diagnosis of small @entity1127 in a nonacademic setting (the DISCOUNT trial) by using high-resolution endoscopy (HRE) and narrow-band imaging (NBI). METHODS: During colonoscopy, 1 of 3 nonacademic endoscopists characterized small lesions and declared whether this was done with low or high confidence. In cases of high confidence, the endoscopists decided whether lesions should be removed and discarded or whether they could be left in situ. A surveillance interval was then recommended on-site. RESULTS: Of 215 @entity1 in the study, 108 were found to have 281 small lesions. Of these lesions, 231 were characterized with high confidence by using HRE or NBI; the level of corresponding sensitivity was 77.0% (95% confidence interval, 68.4-83.8), and specificity was 78.8% (95% confidence interval, 70.6-85.2). Of these lesions, 164 were assigned for removal, and 67 were assigned to remain in situ, including 9 @entity652 . In 54 @entity1 , a surveillance interval could be recommended on-site that was in line with Dutch guidelines for 44 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Even though many lesions were characterized by HRE or NBI with high confidence, optical diagnosis in a nonacademic setting proved to be disappointing, with a sensitivity of 77.0% and a specificity of 78.8%. Many lesions were accurately assigned to be removed or remain in situ, although few @entity652 were assigned to remain in situ. Also, 19% of on-site recommendations for a surveillance interval proved to be inaccurate.

title: Accuracy for optical diagnosis of small XXXX in nonacademic settings.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['colorectal polyps']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the significance of positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) findings for evaluating the bone @entity3 of @entity0 during therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1 with bone metastases from @entity0 who underwent sequential FDG-PET/CT studies during therapy were enrolled. A total of 771 lesions were identified. The changes in the PET and CT findings were compared with the @entity5 marker levels in each @entity1 by calculating the weighted kappa value. The correlation between the PET and CT findings was examined for each lesion by an adjusted Chi-square test. RESULTS: The change in the @entity5 marker levels was substantially correlated with the PET findings and moderately correlated with the CT findings (weighted kappa  =  0.780 and 0.585 for quadratic weighting, respectively). An increase in FDG uptake was correlated with lytic changes on the CT images (62/65, 95.4  %, p  <  0.05). Sclerotic changes suggested improvement, but @entity1463 and progression occurred at the same time in some lesions. CONCLUSION: Changes of FDG uptake are useful for evaluating individual bone metastases in cases of @entity0 during therapy. Lytic change on CT images suggests progression of bone @entity3 . The lysis-progression/ @entity1463 -improvement pattern was observed in the majority of subjects, but a @entity1463 -progression pattern was also observed. The hybrid pattern of increase of FDG uptake on PET/lytic change on CT is most accurate to show progression of bone metastases. Assessments of these processes during therapy are necessary for the precise evaluation of bone metastases.

title: Evaluation of sequential FDG-PET/CT for monitoring bone @entity3 of @entity0 during therapy: correlation between morphological and metabolic changes with XXXX markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The severity of @entity453 at autopsy was studied in two series comprising 169 cases of coronary death and 231 @entity1 who died of violent causes. In the former the fatal attack lasted less than 24 hours from the onset of symptoms in 70% of cases. In only three @entity1 did the terminal attack last more than 24 hours, while in the remaining 28% of cases, although death was not witnessed these were also likely to have been sudden deaths. A recent @entity1188 with or without an old @entity583 was found at autopsy in 47% of cases and an old @entity1188 alone in 34%. In 19% of coronary deaths no recent or old @entity1188 was detected. The surface areas of the @entity731 were assessed in arterial specimens by pointcounting. The degree of @entity850 was estimated visually. The mean extent of raised lesions and clacification and the median value of @entity850 score, which expressed the degree of stensosi in the coronary arterial tree, were significantly higher in all age groups in @entity1 who died of @entity301 than in those who died violently. A marked overlapping between the individuals in the two series was, however, found in both for the exent of raised lesions and the severity of @entity850 score. @entity75 in coronary @entity1 were calcified to about the same extent as those in @entity1 ten years older in the series of @entity204 . @entity453 was most severe in coronary @entity1 who had had symptomatic @entity299 and had an old @entity583 and least severe in those in whome @entity944 was the first manifestation of @entity301 from @entity204 as regards the extent of the raised lesions or prevalence of occlusion. The degree of @entity3979 in coronary @entity1 was closely related to the total extent of advanced @entity453 .

title: XXXX in cases of coronary death as compared with that occurring in the populatiom. A study of a medico-legal autopsy series of @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Raised lesions']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis', 'Coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['violent deaths']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: The current experiment reexamines this laboratory's frequently cited previous experimental conclusion that a mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of glucocorticoids in the treatment of @entity1566 may be the enhanced preservation of spinal cord tissue @entity972 . For the first time, similar methodology also has been applied to study the effects of @entity2332 . @entity235 spinal cords were injured at T13 by use of an epidural balloon and then were treated with @entity2332 or intramuscular @entity619 or both. Motor recovery was assessed using a modified Tarlov scale. At either 6 days or 7 weeks, spinal cords T8 through L4 were removed and divided into 10 ordered blocks, which were analyzed for wet and dry weight, @entity972 concentration, and @entity1372 concentration. Correlations between clinical motor and chemical results were evaluated. The conclusions drawn are as follows: 1) The @entity235 severe rapid @entity2850 model, unlike the previously published less severe feline @entity130 model, is not associated with widespread early loss of spinal cord tissue @entity972 content (dry weight). 2) The @entity235 compressive model, unlike the cat impact model, does not provide evidence that one fundamental mechanism of the confirmed beneficial action of @entity230 entails enhanced early preservation of tissue @entity972 content. 3) At 6 days, decrease in the percentage of dry weight and increase in @entity1372 concentration, representing @entity4 , occurred at and adjacent to the direct compression site in all lesioned @entity235 groups except those treated with @entity619 , demonstrating an antiedema effect of @entity619 that was nullified by concurrent @entity2332 . 4) This antiedema effect of @entity619 was associated with superior early motor improvement but did not lead to superior long-term function, in comparison with @entity2332 . 5) At 7 weeks, decrease in the percentage of dry weight and @entity972 concentration, and increase in @entity1372 concentration, all restricted to the directly compressed segment, signify @entity39 . 6) This new chemical index of @entity39 was highly correlated with clinical motor performance.

title: Effects of @entity619 and of XXXX on early and late tissue electrolyte changes in experimental @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['impact injury']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compressive injury']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'local hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['local hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, few postmarketing studies have addressed whether long-term prophylactic treatment with second-generation antidepressants (ADs) delays @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity162 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the risk of @entity308 between @entity1 with @entity162 who took second-generation ADs>-6 months after depressive remission with those who discontinued @entity195 use early. METHODS: Using a large US managed-care claims database, continuously enrolled bipolar subjects who took second-generation ADs after a depressive remission were identified between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2002. Duration of @entity195 and concurrent mood stabilizer use were based on coded diagnoses and pharmacy records. A Cox proportional hazards model was developed to predict time from depressive remission to next @entity308 with continuous @entity195 use, categorized as either >or=6 months or <6 months. Propensity scoring with greedy matching was used to help balance the observed background covariates and baseline disease severity between groups. RESULTS: Five hundred eighty-nine subjects met the inclusion criteria. A Kaplan-Meer estimate found that the median @entity308 times for the continuous (ie, >or=6 months) and early discontinuation (ie, <6 months) @entity195 treatment groups were 16.5 and 6.8 months, respectively (P<0.05). The Cox proportional hazards model with propensity score matching identified a significantly lower risk of @entity308 over a 2-year period among those who continued @entity195 treatment>or=6 months after remission, compared with those who discontinued treatment within 6 months (hazard ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.42-0.88]; continuous vs early discontinuation, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous second-generation @entity195 therapy for >or=6 months after depressive remission was associated with a lower risk of @entity308 over a 2-year period in @entity1 with @entity162 . Given concerns regarding the risk of @entity195 users with @entity162 switching to @entity162 , an optimal prophylactic treatment after depressive remission should balance the risks between @entity162 switching and @entity308 .

title: Second-generation antidepressant discontinuation and @entity308 in adult @entity1 with XXXX : results of a retrospective database analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar depression', 'bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episodes', 'depressive relapse']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar depression']


abstract: Thyroid @entity1410 secondary to blunt @entity130 is uncommon, and no consensus exists for its management. We describe the case of a 46-year-old @entity1 who presented with neck swelling after he had sustained a @entity1913 to his neck while playing soccer. Imaging revealed a large mass consistent with a thyroid @entity1410 . The @entity1 was admitted for observation and followed up with serial imaging. He was eventually discharged without surgical intervention. However, he later underwent a thyroid lobectomy to treat compressive symptoms and for cosmetic reasons. Pathology revealed that the @entity1 had a @entity3557 , which might have predisposed him to the @entity548 . Thyroid @entity1410 secondary to blunt @entity130 has been documented in normal thyroid glands and in glands with preexisting benign pathology, but to the best of our knowledge, no report associating this condition with a @entity259 has previously been reported in the literature. A @entity5 should be suspected in a case of thyroid @entity1410 that fails to resolve with conservative treatment. The management of this condition is surgeon- and case-specific, and the overall prognosis is good.

title: Traumatic thyroid hematoma associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt-trauma injury']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: PRIVATE-ATLANTIC ( @entity3075 Receptor Inhibition with @entity19319 Testing using Elisa kit during the ATLANTIC study) is a pre-specified substudy of the randomised, double-blind ATLANTIC trial in @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 , designed to help interpret the main trial results. The primary objective of ATLANTIC was to assess coronary reperfusion prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with pre- vs in-hospital ticagrelor 180 mg loading dose (LD). PRIVATE-ATLANTIC assessed platelet inhibition in 37 @entity1 by measurement of @entity19319 ( @entity19319 ) platelet reactivity index (PRI) and VerifyNow platelet reactivity units (PRU) before angiogram (T1), immediately after PCI (T2), 1 (T3), and 6 (T4) hours (h) after PCI, and before next study drug administration (T5). The median time difference between the two ticagrelor LD was 41 minutes. Platelet reactivity was unaffected at T1 when measured by @entity19319 (89.8 vs 93.9   % for pre- and in-hospital ticagrelor, respectively; p = 0.18) or PRU (239 vs 241; p = 0.82). Numerical differences were apparent at T2 and maximal at T3. @entity1286 administration significantly delayed onset of platelet inhibition at T3 ( @entity19319 -PRI 78.2 vs 23.4   % without @entity1286 ; p = 0.0116) and T4 (33.1 vs 11.0   %; p = 0.0057). In conclusion, platelet inhibition in ATLANTIC was unaffected by pre-hospital ticagrelor administration at the time of initial angiogram due to the short transfer delay. The maximum difference in platelet inhibition was detected 1 h after PCI (T3). @entity1286 administration was associated with delayed onset of action of ticagrelor and appeared more important than timing of @entity3077 administration.

title: @entity3075 receptor inhibition and effect of @entity1286 in XXXX undergoing primary PCI for ST-segment elevation @entity583 . The PRIVATE-ATLANTIC study.

entities_list: @entity19319 :: ('7408', 'Gene') :: ['vasodilator-associated stimulated phosphoprotein', 'VASP-PRI', 'VASP']

entities_list: @entity3077 :: ('MESH:C503700', 'Chemical') :: ['ticagrelor']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recurrent inhibition, wherein excitatory principal neurons stimulate inhibitory interneurons that feedback on the same principal cells, occurs ubiquitously in the brain. However, the regulation and function of recurrent inhibition are poorly understood in terms of the contributing interneuron subtypes as well as their effect on @entity73 . In the @entity238 olfactory system, odorants activate olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), which stimulate projection neurons (PNs) in the antennal lobe. Both OSNs and PNs activate local inhibitory neurons (LNs) that provide either feedforward or recurrent/feedback inhibition in the lobe. During olfactory @entity734 , prior exposure to an odorant selectively decreases the animal's subsequent response to the odorant. We show here that @entity734 occurs in response to feedback from PNs. Output from PNs is necessary for olfactory @entity734 and, in the absence of odorant, direct @entity6841 activation is sufficient to induce the odorant-selective behavioral attenuation characteristic of olfactory @entity734 . @entity6841 -induced @entity734 occludes further odor-induced @entity734 and similarly requires @entity1246 (A)Rs and NMDARs in PNs, as well as VGLUT and @entity268 signaling in the multiglomerular inhibitory local interneurons (LN1) type of LN. Thus, @entity6841 output is monitored by an LN subtype whose resultant plasticity underlies behavioral @entity734 . We propose that recurrent inhibitory motifs common in neural circuits may similarly underlie @entity734 to other complex stimuli.

title: Plasticity of recurrent inhibition in the XXXX antennal lobe.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neural and cognitive outputs']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['habituation']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity311 during pregnancy and antimalarial interventions in an urban secondary health care facility. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Of 432 pregnant @entity1 who delivered or were attending an antenatal clinic in a secondary health care facility in Benin City, Nigeria, 199 were recruited for the study. Demographic data were obtained from the pregnant @entity1 at delivery, and maternal peripheral, placental, and cord blood samples were collected for microscopy. Among the antenatal clinic attendees, a questionnaire was used to assess their antimalarial preventive measures. RESULTS: Of the 199 pregnant @entity1 , 60 (30%) reported that they had had @entity311 during the preceding 3 months, and a majority of them (85%) used @entity503 . Almost all reported the drug was efficacious (98%) and well tolerated (80%). Only 18 (13%), 14 (10%), and 2 (1%) of the @entity1 had positive maternal peripheral, placental, and cord blood parasitaemia, respectively. The geometric mean (+/- SD) numbers of @entity311 parasites per microliter were 636.06 +/- 1,450.11 in peripheral blood, 4,250.36 +/- 13,866.01 in placental blood, and 59.50 +/- 27.58 in umbilical cord blood. Only 31 (12%) and 13 (5%) of antenatal @entity1 believed in the efficacy of insecticide-treated bed nets or @entity16945 / @entity4765 -based intermittent preventive therapy as antimalarial preventive measures, respectively, while 23 (9%) and 31 (12%), respectively, reported they currently use them. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the common occurrence of @entity311 during pregnancy, there was a limited knowledge and use of the recommended antimalarial interventions by pregnant @entity1 attending the antenatal clinic of this health care facility. There is, therefore, an urgent need to increase the implementation of antimalarial interventions during pregnancy.

title: Prevalence of XXXX during pregnancy and antimalarial intervention in an urban secondary health care facility in Southern Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity16945 :: ('CHEBI:9329', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: By definition, the term "radiosurgery" refers to the delivery of a therapeutic radiation dose in a single fraction, not simply the use of stereotaxy. Multiple-fraction delivery is better termed "stereotactic radiotherapy." There are compelling radiobiological principles supporting the biological superiority of single-fraction radiation for achieving an optimal therapeutic response for the slowly proliferating, late-responding, tissue of a @entity808 . It is axiomatic that complication avoidance requires precise three-dimensional conformality between treatment and @entity5 volumes. This degree of conformality can only be achieved through complex multiisocenter planning. Alternative radiosurgery devices are generally limited to delivering one to four isocenters in a single treatment session. Although they can reproduce dose plans similar in conformality to early gamma knife dose plans by using a similar number of isocenters, they cannot reproduce the conformality of modern gamma knife plans based on magnetic resonance image-targeted localization and five to 30 isocenters. A disturbing trend is developing in which institutions without nongamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) centers are championing and/or shifting to hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for @entity5513 . This trend appears to be driven by a desire to reduce complication rates to compete with modern GKS results by using complex multiisocenter planning. Aggressive advertising and marketing from some of these centers even paradoxically suggests biological superiority of hypofractionation approaches over single-dose radiosurgery for @entity5513 . At the same time these centers continue to use the term radiosurgery to describe their hypofractionated radiotherapy approach in an apparent effort to benefit from a GKS "halo effect." It must be reemphasized that as neurosurgeons our primary duty is to achieve permanent @entity5 control for our @entity1 and not to eliminate complications at the expense of potential late recurrence. The answer to minimizing complications while maintaining maximum @entity5 control is improved conformality of radiosurgery dose planning and not resorting to homeopathic radiosurgery doses or hypofractionation radiotherapy schemes.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for @entity1 with XXXX : a Leksell Gamma Knife Society 2000 debate.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis has been described as a universal finding in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). Much of the literature has focused on pediatric population with a relative paucity of data on @entity82 @entity1 . In this report, we review our experience with management of frontal sinus mucoceles with posterior table (PT) erosion diagnosed by imaging in asymptomatic @entity82 @entity1 presenting for pretransplant evaluation. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult @entity1577 @entity1 presenting with frontal sinus mucoceles from January 2003 to December 2005 comprised the focus of the study. Charts were reviewed for age, sex, clinical presentation, culture results, complications, and outcome. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1577 @entity1 undergoing lung transplant evaluation were seen in the outpatient rhinology clinic. Among these, 3 @entity1 presented with asymptomatic frontal sinus mucoceles with @entity2681 . The average age was 28.7 years (range, 23-38 years) and male-female ratio was 1:2. Two @entity1 were managed with computer-aided endoscopic frontal sinusotomy during the pretransplant period. In the third @entity1 , surgery was performed post transplantation when the @entity1 was clinically stable. Intraoperative cultures grew @entity796 in all cases. No intraoperative surgical complications were encountered. One @entity1 required overnight ventilatory support and was extubated successfully after 24 hours. Endoscopic patency of the frontal sinusotomy was confirmed at mean follow-up of 12.7 months (range, 4-22 months). CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary report describes asymptomatic frontal sinus mucoceles with @entity2681 in @entity1577 @entity1 presenting for transplant evaluation. A high index suspicion must be maintained to avoid an inordinate delay in diagnosis given the potential risk of @entity1504 with this clinical entity.

title: Management of frontal sinus mucoceles with posterior table erosion in the pretransplant XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['adult CF']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['PT erosion']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial complications']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: An experiment was conducted to measure the effect of thermal treatment on the digestibility of @entity2723 , @entity5066 , starch, NDF, ADF, and energy in field @entity3587 fed to growing @entity1707 . Five @entity3587 -containing diets were formulated. The @entity3587 included in these diets were either not heat-treated (control) or extruded at 75, 115, or 155 degrees C or pelleted at 75 degrees C. A N-free diet was also included in the experiment to measure basal endogenous losses of @entity2723 and @entity5066 . The 6 diets were fed to 6 growing @entity1707 (initial BW: 69.3 +/- 2.9 kg) that were allotted to dietary treatments in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. A T-cannula was installed in the distal ileum of each @entity1707 , allowing for the collection of ileal digesta. Each experimental period lasted 9 d; fecal samples were collected on d 6 and 7, and ileal samples were collected on d 8 and 9 of each period. @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) for @entity2723 , @entity5066 , starch, and energy and @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) for @entity2723 and @entity5066 were calculated. Apparent total tract digestibilities (ATTD) for NDF, ADF, starch, and energy were also calculated. As the extrusion temperature increased, the @entity4628 and @entity4628 for @entity2723 and all @entity5066 , except Pro, increased (quadratic, P < 0.05). In contrast, except for @entity534 and Pro, the @entity3587 that were pelleted at 75 degrees C had @entity4628 and @entity4628 for @entity2723 and @entity5066 that were similar to those obtained for the control @entity3587 but less (P < 0.05) than the @entity4628 for the @entity3587 that were extruded at 75 degrees C. The @entity4628 for starch and energy increased (linear, P < 0.001) as the extrusion temperature increased to 155 degrees C (from 89.8 to 95.9% and from 71.5 to 79.0%, respectively), but the @entity4628 for starch and energy in the pelleted diet was not different from the @entity4628 in the control diet (90.1 vs. 89.8% and 69.1 vs. 71.5%, respectively). The ATTD for starch varied from 98.6 to 99.7% and did not differ among treatments. Likewise, no differences were observed for the ATTD of NDF and ADF. However, the ATTD for energy in the diets increased from 89.0 to 93.3% (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) as field @entity3587 were extruded, and the ATTD for energy in the pelleted diet was also greater (P < 0.05) than that of the control diet (91.6 vs. 89.0%). In conclusion, extrusion of field @entity3587 increases the @entity4628 of @entity2723 , @entity5066 , starch, and energy and the ATTD of energy. Pelleting field @entity3587 at 75 degrees C does not influence the @entity4628 of nutrients or energy but improves the ATTD of energy.

title: The effects of thermal treatment of field @entity3587 ( XXXX .) on nutrient and energy digestibility by growing @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['AID', 'SID', 'standardized ileal digestibility values', 'Apparent ileal digestibilities']

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['Pisum sativum L']


abstract: Case mix and laboratory predictors of @entity204 risk were evaluated in 17,185 hemodialysis @entity1 . The laboratory variables most closely associated with the increased @entity204 risk borne by @entity6 @entity1 (relative to non-diabetics) and White @entity1 (relative to non-Whites) were identified. The analyses of laboratory @entity204 risk predictors were similar to those previously reported. Serum albumin concentration is the most powerful @entity204 risk predictor among all of the variables, both case mix and laboratory. Statistical models including only case mix variables reveal both race (RRWhites = 1.42) and @entity6 (RRdiabetes = 1.43) as significant predictors. Adding @entity1011 , albumin, and BUN concentrations to the model eliminated @entity6 as a significant predictor. @entity1011 and albumin accounted for most of the change. Adding only @entity1011 eliminated race. The data suggest that reduced visceral and somatic protein mass and/or metabolism may be important determinants of mortality in dialysis @entity1 . Because differences in the concentrations of @entity1011 and albumin explain much of the risk associated with being White or @entity6 , differences in nutritional status may explain the reduced survival observed in those groups. Therefore, clinicians should not simply accept without question the notion that diabetics and Whites are doomed to inferior survival.

title: Race and @entity6 as XXXX risk predictors in hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: The improved management of @entity158 among the growing number of female Veterans receiving care through the Veterans Health Administration has been established as a priority, but studies suggest that females may respond differently to @entity158 treatment. This study explored differences between female and male Veterans engaged in a @entity1118 Rehabilitation Program and determined how female and male Veterans change following participation. Veterans (N = 324) in a 3 wk inpatient program completed self-report measures at admission, discharge, and 3 mo follow-up. @entity1 were 21% female (n = 67) and 79% male (n = 257). Compared with males, females were younger and less likely to be white or married/partnered. Females reported @entity158 duration and were more likely to have primary head or limb @entity158 . At admission, fewer females were prescribed opioids than males and at lower doses. After opioid cessation in the program, however, there were no significant differences in use between the sexes at follow-up. Improvements in a range of domains were sustained at follow-up for both sexes, but females did not maintain gains in @entity158 intensity or sleep while males reported more @entity158 -related fear at discharge and follow-up. This study adds to the literature on sex-specific variations in @entity1118 and implications for treatment.

title: Sex differences between Veterans participating in XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain', 'Chronic Pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'shorter pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['interdisciplinary chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) of genes is an efficient means of generating variation in protein structure and function. @entity4373 variation has been observed between tissues, cell types, and different treatments in non-woody plants such as @entity958 ( @entity958 ) and @entity579 . However, little is known about @entity4373 patterns in wood-forming tissues and how much @entity4373 variation exists within plant populations. RESULTS: Here we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to analyze the @entity26340 ( @entity26340 ) xylem transcriptome in 20 individuals from different populations across much of its range in western North America. Deep transcriptome sequencing and mapping of reads to the @entity26340 reference genome identified a suite of xylem-expressed genes common to all accessions. Our analysis suggests that at least 36% of the xylem-expressed genes in @entity26340 are alternatively spliced. Extensive @entity4373 was observed in cell-wall biosynthesis related genes such as glycosyl transferases and @entity728 transcription factors. 27902 @entity4373 events were documented and most of these events were not conserved across individuals. Differences in isoform-specific read densities indicated that 7% and 13% of @entity4373 events showed significant differences between individuals within geographically separated southern and northern populations, a level that is in general agreement with @entity4373 variation in @entity1 populations. CONCLUSIONS: This genome-wide analysis of alternative splicing reveals high levels of @entity4373 in @entity26340 and extensive inter-individual @entity4373 variation. We provide the most comprehensive analysis of @entity4373 in @entity26340 to date, which will serve as a valuable resource for the plant community to study transcriptome complexity and @entity4373 regulation during wood formation.

title: The developing xylem transcriptome and genome-wide analysis of alternative splicing in @entity26340 ( XXXX ) populations.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['Alternative splicing', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity26340 :: ('3694', 'Species') :: ['Populus trichocarpa', 'P. trichocarpa']

answer: @entity26340 :: (3694,Species) :: ['black cottonwood']


abstract: After the Internet Revolution, @entity1 have started to spend most of their everyday time online carrying out virtual activities. A limited number of studies tried to answer whether virtual activities match our real-world (RW) activities. Moreover, to our knowledge, there was no study that dealt with these interrelations between virtual and RW activities among the pathological and nonpathological users of the Internet (i.e. @entity28228 and NPIUs). The primary aim of this study was to fill this gap and to investigate the correlations between @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) and RW activities among @entity28228 and NPIUs. The secondary aim was to examine the perceptions of the Internet and motivations to go online for @entity28228 and NPIUs. The third aim was to compare virtual and RW activities across gender and age groups. The results indicated that correlations between most of the activities in RW and @entity4536 were high among @entity1 and @entity1 , among age groups, and also among @entity28228 and NPUs. However, beyond these similarities, perceptions of the Internet and motivations to browse into @entity4536 were differed among @entity28228 and NPIUs. In other words, @entity28228 , but not NPIUs, perceived @entity4536 activities more gratified and had motivations to go online for gratified functions.

title: Interrelations between XXXX : comparison of genders, age groups, and pathological and nonpathological Internet users.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['VW', 'virtual-world']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['virtual-world and real-world activities']


abstract: While surgery is the usual treatment for localized well-differentiated and @entity1821 (WDLPS/DDLPS), the therapeutic options for @entity1 with @entity1442 are limited. The classical antimitotic treatments are most often inefficient. The establishment of genetically characterized cell lines is therefore crucial for providing in vitro models for novel targeted therapies. We have used spectral karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization with whole chromosome painting and locus-specific probes, and array-comparative genomic hybridization to identify the chromosomal and molecular alterations of a novel cell line established from a recurring sclerosing WDLPS. The karyotype was hypertriploid and showed @entity32641 . All cells retained the presence of a giant marker chromosome that had been previously identified in the primary cell cultures. This giant chromosome contained high-level amplification of chromosomal regions 12q13-21 and lacked the alpha-satellite centromeric sequences associated with WDLPS/DDLPS. The 12q amplicon was large, containing 370 amplified genes. The DNA copy number ranged from 3 to 57. The highest levels of amplification were observed at 12q14.3 for GNS, @entity21124 , and @entity9625 . We analyzed the mRNA expression status by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for six genes from this amplicon: @entity7465 , @entity9625 , @entity8985 , @entity29049 , @entity21124 , and @entity31031 . mRNA overexpression was correlated with genomic amplification. A second amplicon originating from 10p11-14 was also present in the giant marker chromosome. The 10p amplicon contained 62 genes, including oncogenes such as @entity44621 , previously described in chimeric fusion with @entity11626 in @entity1778 , @entity44622 , and @entity3752 .

title: A newly characterized @entity1 well-differentiated XXXX cell line contains amplifications of the 12q12-21 and 10p11-14 regions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity32641 :: ('MESH:C536503', 'Disease') :: ['multiple structural anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['dedifferentiated liposarcomas']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['liposarcoma']


abstract: A new @entity1800 ( @entity548 ) occurred in the South Sudan in 1976. It was obviously identical with an @entity3082 which occurred at the same time in Zaire. The virus is morpologically closely similar to the Marburg virus. During the Maridi epemic 124 of 238 @entity1 died (52%). Characteristic symptoms were @entity221 and @entity10 (100%), @entity294 (83%), @entity158 (82%), @entity391 (68%), @entity548 (62%), morbilliform or vesicular @entity1910 (52%). At post-mortem there were changes in liver, kidney, myocardium and lungs, similar to those in the Marburg virus disease, as were those observed in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Despite these analagous findings, the clinical course and results of immunofluorescence indicate that it is a new disease. The @entity3082 ended after suitable isolation measures had been taken. There was no specific treatment but in some cases convalescent plasma and interferon were tried. The disease is transmitted among @entity1 by direct contact or by contact with blood or excreta of @entity1 . No animal reservoir has been found. It is possible for this disease to be imported also into countries with a modorate climate.

title: [Maridi haemorrhgic XXXX : a new @entity1800 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Maridi haemorrhagic fever', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: Recombinant @entity43814 from @entity12204 occurred as a dimer of 110 kDa comprising identical subunits. Only dimers were present at pHs above 7.0, but with decreasing pH, dimers associated into octamers, with complete oligomerization occurring at pH 3.0. Oligomerization showed reversible temperature-dependence, with octamer formation increasing with temperature from 36 degrees C to between 70 and 80 degrees C. Increasing salt concentrations, favored dissociation of the octamers. Among the three investigated factors affecting the dimer-octamer equilibrium, the most important was pH. Among four mutants obtained by site-specific mutagenesis and selection for pH and temperature sensitivity, the @entity43815 and @entity43816 mutant amidases, like that of the native @entity12204 , responded to changes in pH and temperature with a conformational change affecting the dimer-octamer equilibrium. The @entity43817 and @entity43818 mutant amidases were unaffected by pH and temperature, remaining always in the dimeric state. The differences among mutants in protein conformation must be related to the position of the introduced mutation. Although the @entity43818 and @entity43817 mutations are located in the helical region 33-48 (LLKLQLESYERLDSLP), which is close to the @entity1472 -terminal segment of the protein, the @entity43815 mutation is located in a strand on the surface of the protein, which is far from, and opposite to, the @entity1472 -terminal segment. The @entity43816 mutation is located in the center of the protein, far distant from the 33-48 segment. These observations suggest that the segment of the protein closest to the @entity1472 -terminus plays a key role in the association of dimers into octamers.

title: pH-, temperature- and ion-dependent oligomerization of @entity12204 recombinant XXXX : a study with site-specific mutants.

entities_list: @entity12204 :: ('2287', 'Species') :: ['Sulfolobus solfataricus']

entities_list: @entity43818 :: ('p|SUB|L|34|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L34P']

entities_list: @entity43817 :: ('p|SUB|Y|41|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y41C']

answer: @entity43814 :: (25404303,Gene) :: ['amidase']


abstract: In vitro, insulin has both growth-promoting and vasculoprotective effects. In vivo, the effect of insulin is mainly protective. Insulin treatment (3 U/day) decreases @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) migration and neointimal growth after carotid angioplasty in normal @entity35 maintained at normoglycemia by oral @entity413 . @entity3960 migration requires limited proteolysis of the extracellular matrix, which is mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we investigated the effects of normoglycemic @entity3190 on MMP activity after balloon angioplasty. @entity35 were divided into three groups: (1) control implants and tap water; (2) control implants and oral @entity413 , and (3) insulin implants (3 U/day) and oral @entity413 . RESULTS: Gelatin zymography revealed that insulin reduced the gelatinolytic activity of pro- @entity11017 by 46% (p < 0.05), @entity11017 by 44% (p < 0.05) and @entity6929 by 51% (p < 0.05) compared to controls after @entity1317 . Insulin also reduced mRNA levels of @entity11017 (p < 0.05) and @entity6929 (p < 0.05) and protein levels of @entity11017 (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant changes in membrane-type 1 MMP protein and tissue inhibitors of MMP activity after insulin treatment. Thus, these results suggest a mechanism by which insulin inhibits @entity3960 migration and supports a vasculoprotective role for insulin in vivo.

title: In vivo effect of insulin to decrease matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activity after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle cell', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracoronary radiation has shown the potential to reduce formation of @entity8233 in porcine models of @entity256 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a new 'deployable-balloon' device with radioisotope 32P integrated into the balloon material. METHODS: Ten @entity1707 were subjected to @entity130 in 20 coronary arteries and were randomly allocated to receive a radiation dose of 0, 15, or 20Gy prescribed to 1 mm from the surface of the radioactive balloon material. The animals were killed 4 weeks after the procedure. Their coronaries were perfusion fixed and stained. Vessel parameters (area of intima and length of @entity174 ) and area of @entity715 area were analyzed by computer-aided histomorphometry. RESULTS: Radiation treatment with the new 32P balloon device was performed without complications. The lengts of @entity174 for the three groups were similar (NS). Formation of @entity8233 after @entity130 was less in members of the radiated groups than it was in controls (area of intima/length of @entity174 was 0.70 +/-0.12 mm for controls, 0.08+/-0.13mm with 15 Gy, and 0.07+/-0.17 mm with 20 Gy; P < 0.001). Vessels treated with 20 Gy had a greater total area of @entity715 (0.00+/-0.00 versus 0.51+/-0.98 mm2, P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary radiation therapy using a new 32P deployable-balloon system is feasible and safe. A radiation dose of 15 Gy was sufficient to inhibit neointimal response in the porcine coronary-balloon-injury model.

title: A novel 32P deployable balloon system inhibits formation of XXXX in porcine coronary arteries after @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['balloon-overstretching injury', 'balloon injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity8233 :: (MESH:D058426,Disease) :: ['neointima']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment of @entity152 ( @entity152 ) of the lung remains unclear. Here, our primary objective was to assess the efficacy of @entity900 - @entity2879 doublet chemotherapy in advanced @entity152 . Accuracy of the pathological diagnosis and treatment @entity137 were assessed as secondary objectives. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective, multicentre, single-arm, phase II study with a centralised review of treatment-response and pathological data. @entity1 had untreated performance status (PS) 0/1 stage IV/IIIB @entity152 and received @entity900 (80 mg/m22 d1) and @entity2879 (100 mg/m22 d1-3) every 21 days. RESULTS: Eighteen centres included 42 @entity1 (mean age, 59    9 years; 69% @entity1 ; median of four cycles/ @entity1 ). At least one grade-3/4 @entity137 occurred in 59% of @entity1 (neutropaenia, thrombocytopaenia, and @entity417 in 32%, 17%, and 12%, respectively). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5.2 months (95% confidence interval, CI, 3.1-6.6) and 7.7 months (95% CI, 6.0-9.6), respectively. The centralised pathologist review reclassified 11 of 40 (27.5%) @entity1 : 9 as @entity151 , 1 as undifferentiated @entity1149 , and 1 as @entity4303 . Survival data were not significantly changed by excluding the reclassified @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The pathological diagnosis of @entity152 is difficult. The outcomes of advanced @entity152 treated with @entity900 - @entity2879 doublets are poor, similar to those of @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ).

title: Multicentre phase II study of XXXX - @entity2879 chemotherapy for advanced large-cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma: the GFPC 0302 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['LCNEC', 'large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['atypical carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['advanced small-cell lung carcinoma', 'SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: : Costs associated with degenerative inflammatory conditions of articular cartilage are exponentially increasing in the aging population, and evidence shows a strong clinical need for innovative therapies. Stem cell-based therapies represent a promising strategy for the treatment of innumerable diseases. Their regenerative potential is undeniable, and it has been widely exploited in many tissue-engineering approaches, especially for bone and cartilage repair. Their immune-modulatory capacities in particular make stem cell-based therapeutics an attractive option for treating @entity32 . However, because of their great plasticity, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are susceptible to different external factors. Biomaterials capable of concurrently providing physical support to cells while acting as synthetic extracellular matrix have been established as a valuable strategy in cartilage repair. Here we propose a chondroitin @entity597 -based biomimetic scaffold that recapitulates the physicochemical features of the chondrogenic niche and retains MSC immunosuppressive potential in vitro, either in response to a proinflammatory cytokine or in the presence of stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In both cases, a significant increase in the production of molecules associated with immunosuppression ( @entity842 and @entity2918 ), as well as in the expression of their inducible enzymes ( @entity1506 , @entity40872 , @entity4665 , and @entity1810 ). When implanted subcutaneously in @entity35 , our scaffold revealed a reduced infiltration of leukocytes at 24 hours, which correlated with a greater upregulation of genes involved in inflammatory cell apoptotic processes. In support of its effective use in tissue-engineering applications of cartilage repair, the potential of the proposed platform to drive @entity421 was also proven. SIGNIFICANCE: Recently, increasing clinical evidence has highlighted the important role of proinflammatory mediators and infiltrating inflammatory cell populations inducing @entity32 and diseases in damaged cartilage. This work should be of broad interest because it proposes an implantable biomimetic material, which holds the promise for a variety of medical conditions that necessitate the functional restoration of damaged cartilage tissue (such as @entity130 , diseases, @entity5 ).

title: Chondroitin XXXX Immobilized on a Biomimetic Scaffold Modulates Inflammation While Driving Chondrogenesis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['deformities, or cancer']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSC']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['Sulfate']


abstract: In @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ), @entity2035 expansion in the @entity25864 protein causes specific @entity528 . The consequences of the presence of mutant @entity25864 in other tissues are less well understood. Here we propose that mutant @entity25864 influences @entity0 progression. Indeed, we show that mammary @entity5 appear earlier in @entity19 @entity0 models expressing mutant @entity25864 as compared to control @entity19 expressing wild-type @entity25864 . Tumours bearing mutant @entity25864 have a modified gene expression pattern that reflects enhanced @entity146 with the overexpression of genes favouring invasion and @entity3 . In agreement, mutant @entity25864 accelerates epithelial to mesenchymal transition and enhances cell motility and invasion. Also, lung @entity3 is higher in @entity2033 conditions than in control @entity19 . Finally, we report that in @entity2033 , the dynamin dependent endocytosis of the @entity7171 / @entity7171 receptor @entity669 kinase is reduced. This leads to its accumulation and to subsequent increases in cell motility and proliferation. Our study may thus have important implications for both @entity5 and @entity2033 .

title: The XXXX protein accelerates @entity0 development and @entity3 through @entity7171 / @entity7171 signalling.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity2035 :: ('MESH:C097188', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglutamine']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ['Huntington disease', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the treatment of choice for multiple acute and chronic end-stage @entity409 as well as for selected cases of @entity409 and liver-site @entity209 . @entity16 is a major source of morbidity and mortality following OLT. AIM: To describe the incidence and the type of @entity16 occurring in the post-operative period of OLT in @entity1 transplanted in our hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between March 1994 and August 2007, 76 adult @entity1 underwent OLT. Data on incidence, time of onset, and outcome of central nervous system (CNS) complications have been obtained from our program data base and @entity1 charts. RESULTS: Twenty three @entity1 (30.3%) had CNS complications following OLT. The leading complications were immunosuppressive drug-related @entity16 in nine @entity1 (39.1%), @entity1897 in five @entity1 (21.7%), central pontine @entity6150 in four @entity1 (17.4%), @entity66 in three (13%) and CNS infection in three (13%). Most CNS events (90%) occurred in the first 2 weeks after OLT. Five @entity1 with @entity16 died (22%). CONCLUSIONS: CNS complications occurred in almost one fifth of the population studied, and they had a poor outcome, as previously reported).

title: [ XXXX following a liver transplantation: experience from a Chilean center].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'Neurological impairment', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver malignancy', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity6150 :: ('MESH:D017590', 'Disease') :: ['myelinolysis']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological complications']


abstract: The present study sought to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of @entity12824 , an @entity1110 oxidase assembly inhibitor, on @entity410 -induced @entity528 . @entity12824 , also known as @entity12824 , is a natural organic compound isolated from the root of Canadian hemp (Apocynum cannabium). It has been extensively studied to determine its disease-fighting capabilities and application in several brain insults, such as @entity131 and @entity64 . Here we tested the hypothesis that post-treatment of @entity12824 may prevent @entity410 -induced @entity528 by suppression of @entity1110 oxidase-mediated @entity224 production. @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity2134 (25mg/kg) in male @entity35 . @entity12824 (30mg/kg, i.p.) was injected into the intraperitoneal space two hours after @entity410 onset. A second injection was performed 24h after @entity410 . To test whether @entity12824 inhibits @entity1110 oxidase activation-induced reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production, @entity16203 ( @entity15760 , 5mg/kg, i.p.) was injected before onset of @entity410 and ROS production was detected five hours after @entity410 onset. @entity528 (4HNE), @entity528 (Fluoro Jade-B), blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption (IgG leak), neurotrophil infiltration (MPO) and microglia activation ( @entity19465 ) in the hippocampus was evaluated at three days after @entity159 ( @entity159 ). @entity2134 -induced @entity410 increased @entity11934 immunofluorescence in the plasma membrane of hippocampal neurons at 12h post-insult and @entity12824 treatment prevented this increase. The present study found that @entity12824 post-treatment decreased ROS production and lipid peroxidation after @entity410 and decreased the number of degenerating hippocampal neurons. @entity12824 also reduced @entity410 -induced BBB disruption, neurotrophil infiltration and microglial activation. Taken together, the present results suggest that inhibition of @entity1110 oxidase by @entity12824 may have a high therapeutic potential to reduce @entity410 -induced @entity528 .

title: Post-treatment of an @entity1110 oxidase inhibitor prevents @entity410 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity12824 :: ('MESH:C056165', 'Chemical') :: ['Apocynin', 'acetovanillone', 'apocynin']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['Pilocarpine', 'pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal lobe epilepsy', 'TLE']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity16203 :: ('MESH:C067883', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroethidium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'Neuronal oxidative injury', 'neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal death']


abstract: @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity1469 were entered into this Gynecologic Oncology Group study to determine the efficacy, @entity137 , and cost-effectiveness of weekly intramuscular (IM) @entity1499 . Treatment was initiated with 30 mg/m2 of weekly IM @entity1499 . If no major @entity137 was encountered, the weekly dose was escalated 5 mg/m2 at three-week intervals until a maximum dose of 50 mg/m2 each week was achieved. Complete response was defined as three normal beta-hCG values measured on consecutive weeks. Fifty-one of 63 evaluable @entity1 (81%) had a complete response to weekly IM @entity1499 . Duration of therapy ranged from three to 19 weeks, with a median of seven. No major @entity137 occurred. Thirteen @entity1 experienced @entity1431 at a median of 3300/microL, with a range of 2300-3900. Three @entity1 had platelet nadirs of 66,000, 127,000, and 135,000/microL. Eleven @entity1 with weekly IM @entity1499 failure had a complete response after one to eight courses of @entity4316 administered 0.5 mg/m2 intravenously daily for five days; one refused therapy after three courses. Weekly IM @entity1499 for nonmetastatic @entity1469 is efficacious, minimally toxic, and cost-effective.

title: Weekly intramuscular XXXX for nonmetastatic @entity1469 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has recently been renewed interest in the use of @entity172 as a treatment strategy for @entity263 ( @entity263 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of @entity2082 re-challenge (re-EE) in the management of @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 who received re-EE after disease progression on prior EE and other therapy were retrospectively reviewed for @entity1486 response, @entity1486 progression-free survival (P-PFS) and adverse events. RESULTS: Thirty-six re-EE treatments were performed for 20 @entity1 . @entity1486 response to the initial EE treatment was observed in 14 (70%) @entity1 . @entity1486 response to re-EE was 33.3% in 36 re-EE treatments. The median P-PFS for @entity1 treated with initial and re-EE was 7 months and 4 months, respectively. Interestingly, @entity1486 response to re-EE was observed even in non-responders to initial EE, and those treated with multiple re-EE. No @entity1 developed cardiovascular or @entity1031 events. CONCLUSION: Re-EE may be safely repeated several times and can lead to a prolonged disease control in selected @entity1 . Re-challenge with EE appears to be a reasonable option worth considering for @entity1 with metastatic @entity263 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX Re-challenge for Metastatic Castration-resistant @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['Ethinylestradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this single-arm phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of the @entity136 - @entity3003 - @entity1311 combination as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with operable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 with stage IB, II, or IIIA @entity1149 were given three cycles of chemotherapy followed by @entity5 resection. Each 21-day cycle consisted of @entity136 1000 mg/m on days 1 and 8, @entity3003 AUC 5 on day 1, and @entity1311 175 mg/m on day 1. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 were enrolled: 18.2% of @entity1 had stage IB, 15.9% had stage II, and 65.9% had stage IIIA @entity1149 . All @entity1 received three cycles of treatment. The clinical @entity5 response rate was 76.2% (32 of 42 @entity1 ; 95% CI, 60.5-87.9%). Thirty-six @entity1 had a complete @entity5 resection, five of whom had a complete pathological response with no viable @entity5 cells in the resected @entity5 on histological examination. Median time to progression was 13.6 months (95% CI, 8.9, >16 months), and 26 of 44 @entity1 (59.1%) had progressed. The 1-year disease-free survival rate was 53.6% (95% CI, 38.7-68.5%), and the 1-year survival rate was 86.0% (95% CI, 75.7-96.4%). Grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 each occurred in 38.6% of @entity1 , and grade 3 @entity281 occurred in 2.3% of @entity1 ; grade 3 and 4 @entity882 occurred in 25.0% and 0% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The @entity136 - @entity3003 - @entity1311 combination showed promising efficacy and seemed to be safe and feasible as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with operable-stage @entity1149 .

title: Phase II trial of @entity136 - @entity3003 - @entity1311 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Management of relapsed @entity981 ( @entity981 ) is challenging and far from satisfactory. The treatment approaches are often varied and controversial. The duration of first remission, site of relapse, immunophenotypic and molecular characteristics of @entity66 and response to therapy influence treatment outcome. There are three main therapeutic options i.e., chemotherapy alone, induction chemotherapy followed by HLA matched allogeneic transplant and palliation. These may be chosen based on the above mentioned factors. The response to therapy may be evaluated morphologically or by @entity41 ( @entity41 ). Persistence of @entity41 , as assessed by molecular techniques or through flowcytometry, clearly influences prognosis in @entity1 with relapsed @entity981 . It not only helps in identifying the subset of @entity1 likely to benefit from allogeneic bone marrow transplant (ABMT) but also in determining the timing of transplant. @entity1 with @entity784 phenotype, with late relapsing disease and good response to re-induction therapy have been shown to do equally well with chemotherapy alone. On the other hand @entity1 with early relapse and poor initial response are selected for ABMT. With the improvement in supportive care, better selection of HLA match donors and better immunosuppressive therapies, transplant related mortality has decreased considerably. Despite all of these overall salvage rates are still poor and novel agents are being tested in various trials to establish their role in relapsed @entity981 therapy.

title: How to treat relapsed XXXX : transplant vs. conventional chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of @entity50 revealed on MR imaging in a group of @entity1 with advanced @entity1796 . MATERIALS AND METHODS; MR images from 25 @entity1 with advanced posterior @entity1796 were retrospectively examined for spring ligament, sinus tarsi, and @entity854 . These images were randomly compared with those obtained from 25 control @entity1 with normal-appearing posterior tibial tendons. RESULTS: The spring ligament was abnormal in 23 (92%) of 25 @entity1 with a posterior @entity1796 and seven (28%) of 25 @entity1 with a normal posterior tibial tendon (p < 0.0001). The sinus tarsi was abnormal in 18 (72%) of 25 @entity1 with posterior @entity1796 and nine (36%) of 25 @entity1 with a normal posterior tibial tendon (p < 0.0132). @entity1411 was abnormal in seven (32%) of 22 @entity1 with posterior @entity1796 and two (9%) of 22 @entity1 with a normal posterior tibial tendon (p < 0.0768). Two or more @entity66 were present in 20 (80%) of 25 @entity1 with posterior @entity1796 and four (16%) of 25 @entity1 with a normal posterior tibial tendon (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Advanced posterior @entity1796 has a high association with spring ligament and @entity50 on MR imaging. There was a low association between advanced posterior @entity1796 and @entity854 . @entity1 with posterior @entity1796 often have abnormalities of two or more associated structures.

title: Association of posterior @entity1796 with spring ligament injury, XXXX , and plantar fasciitis on MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['associated abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fascia abnormality', 'plantar fascia abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tibial tendon injury', 'injury of the posterior tibial tendon']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['The plantar fascia']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tarsi abnormalities', 'abnormalities of the spring ligament, sinus tarsi, and plantar fascia']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['sinus tarsi abnormality']