abstract: We report a case of rapidly spreading @entity1582 of immature cell morphology treated by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). A 54-year-old @entity1 had a right @entity5 , which subsequently was removed and proved to be @entity6872 . Three years later a @entity66 appeared in his left lung and bilateral kidneys. The specimen obtained at lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of @entity6872 . Serum @entity10805 , IgG lambda was increased, but there was no increase in plasma cells in the bone marrow. Since chemotherapy with VAD did not show any improvement, a high dose @entity2879 (500 mg/day, 4 days) was administered. When @entity236 recovered, PBSCs were harvested (3.3 x 10(6)/kg). After conditioning therapy with @entity786 (2.0 g/day, 2 days), @entity2879 (200 mg/day, 3 days) and @entity10848 (200 mg/day, 2 days), the stored PBSCs were injected. Minor response was obtained and he was discharged. 2 months thereafter, it was found that plasma cells increased in the bone marrow. He died of @entity548 soon. Autopsy revealed immature plasma cell infiltration in multiple organs including the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, intestine, bone and bone marrow.

title: [Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for rapidly spreading XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary bleeding']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity10848 :: ('MESH:C020766', 'Chemical') :: ['ranimustine']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: The amygdala plays an important role in the interpretation of emotionally significant stimuli and has strong projections to brainstem regions regulating muscle tone and sleep. Cataplexy, a symptom of @entity2724 , is a loss of muscle tone usually triggered by sudden, strong emotions. Extracellular single-unit recordings were carried out in the amygdala of narcoleptic @entity235 to test the hypothesis that abnormal activity of a subpopulation of amygdala neurons is linked to @entity2725 . Of the 218 cells recorded, 31 were sleep active, 78 were active in both waking and @entity11755 , 88 were maximally active during waking, and 21 were state independent. Two populations of cells showed a significant change in activity with @entity2725 . A population of sleep active cells localized to central and basal nucleus increased discharges prior to and during @entity2725 . A population of wake active cells localized to the cortical nucleus decreased activity prior to and during @entity2725 . We hypothesize that these cell populations have a role in mediation or modulation of @entity2725 through interactions with meso-pontine regions controlling atonia. The anticholinesterase @entity2607 , at doses which increased @entity2725 , did not alter the activity of the @entity2725 -related cells or of other amygdala cells, suggesting that its effect on @entity2725 is mediated 'downstream' of the amygdala. The alpha-1 blocker prazosin, at doses which increased @entity2725 , increased discharge in a subgroup of the @entity2725 active cells and in a number of other amygdala cells, indicating that @entity3159 may modulate @entity2725 by its action on amygdala cells or their afferents.

title: Cataplexy-related neurons in the amygdala of the narcoleptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['rapid-eye-movement sleep']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: The effects of @entity2740 diuretics on serum @entity1391 concentration, renal tubular threshold for @entity1391 , and urinary @entity460 excretion in @entity1 with renal @entity12146 were studied. There were nine controlled acute studies conducted in five @entity1 , and, in addition, seven long-term studies of up to 26 months were performed. During the acute studies, the @entity1 continued to receive the same doses of oral @entity3873 and @entity1391 supplementation as at home. @entity918 , 1.50 to 2.25 mg/kg/d, was used alone in the first four studies; @entity918 and @entity6478 at a dose of 1 mg for each 5 mg of @entity918 were used in the other five studies. Administration of the diuretics for four days gave rise to a significant increase in serum @entity1391 concentration from 3.1 +/- 0.4 mg/dL to 3.7 +/- 0.9 mg/dL (P less than .01) and in tubular threshold for @entity1391 from 1.31 +/- 0.45 mg/dL to 1.74 +/- 0.60 mg/dL (P less than .01). These changes were accompanied by significant reductions in urinary @entity1372 excretion from 135 +/- 39 mEq/24 h during the control period to 99 +/- 42 mEq/24 h on the fourth day of therapy (P less than .05), fractional @entity1372 excretion from 0.99% +/- 0.42% to 0.81% +/- 0.42% (P less than .05), and urinary @entity460 excretion from 57.3 +/- 28.9 mg/24 h to 19.0 +/- 13.1 mg/24 h (P less than .01). Fractional excretion of @entity1391 divided by fractional excretion of @entity1372 after the treatment with diuretics was not significantly different from that observed at the end of the control period. Increments in serum @entity1391 concentrations were correlated with elevations in serum albumin concentrations (r = .739; P less than .02). As an additional index of intravascular volume contraction, the elevations in serum @entity1391 concentrations were correlated with the increase in BUN, (r = .793; P less than .01). The addition of @entity6478 in the last five studies prevented the @entity1371 and @entity5838 that had complicated the administration of @entity918 . Long-term follow-up studies for a total of 119 therapy-months on six @entity1 and one adult, who continued to receive the diuretics concomitantly with @entity3873 and @entity1391 supplementation, showed that they were free of complications except for a transient episode of @entity2741 and @entity5200 in one @entity1 . In comparison with the previous period of treatment with @entity3873 and @entity1391 without diuretics, linear growth velocity and healing of the rickets were not changed in two @entity1 and improved in the other four after the addition of @entity918 and @entity6478 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity918 and @entity6478 in renal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochlorothiazide', 'hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2740 :: ('CHEBI:50264', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity12146 :: ('MESH:D063730', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemic rickets']

answer: @entity12146 :: (MESH:D063730,Disease) :: ['hypophosphatemic rickets']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy-related dermatological @entity137 over time have not been well quantified. We examined during and immediately following radiation therapy @entity137 over time in a randomized study of @entity10438 vs placebo during breast radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing radiotherapy to the breast or chest wall were randomized. Symptoms related to @entity137 were addressed weekly using provider-reported Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v3.0) and 4 @entity1 -reported outcomes (PRO) surveys. We applied repeated measures and risk analysis methodologies. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-six @entity1 were enrolled. By CTCAE, significant differences favoring @entity10438 were detected over time in all @entity137 except skin striae, @entity194 , and @entity281 . Statistically significant differences between arms at baseline but not over time occurred for all Linear Analog Self-Assessment. Statistically significant differences occurred for all symptoms in the temporal profile of symptoms as measured by PRO surveys (all P  <  .001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of longitudinal methods enhanced the ability of PRO tools to detect differences between study arms. Our results strengthened the conclusions of the original report that @entity10438 reduced acute @entity137 . PRO surveys can accurately assess @entity1 ' experiences of symptom type and intensity over time and should be included in future clinical trials. For radiotherapy-related dermatological @entity137 , we hypothesized that clinically significant differences over time, if any, can be found by repeated measures. We examined the acute @entity137 in a randomized study of @entity10438 vs placebo during breast radiotherapy. For secondary end points, we showed that longitudinal methods enhanced the detection of differences between study arms and strengthened the conclusions from the original report. Frequent @entity1 -reported outcome surveys over time should be included in future clinical trials.

title: Repeated measures analyses of dermatitis symptom evolution in @entity0 XXXX receiving radiotherapy in a phase 3 randomized trial of @entity10438 vs placebo (N06C4 [alliance]).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicities', 'skin toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate', 'mometasone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the differentiated whole genome expression profiling of gastric high- and @entity3146 and @entity5 . METHODS: Gastric specimens from an upper magnifying chromoendoscopic targeted biopsy were collected from March 2010 to May 2013. Whole genome expression profiling was performed on 19 @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ), 20 @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ), 19 @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and 19 chronic @entity3621 tissue samples using Agilent 4 * 44K Whole @entity1 Genome microarrays. Differentially expressed genes between different types of lesions were identified using an unpaired t-test and corrected with the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate algorithm. A gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed using the GeneSpring software GX 12.6. The differentially expressed gene was verified using a real-time TaqMan   PCR assay with independent tissue samples, including 26 @entity3146 , 15 @entity3146 , 14 @entity5 , and 20 chronic @entity3621 . The expression of @entity16142 were further validated by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) in 24 @entity3146 , 40 @entity3146 , 30 @entity5 and 61 chronic @entity3621 specimens. RESULTS: The gene expression patterns of @entity3146 and @entity3146 tissues were distinct. There were 2521 significantly differentially expressed transcripts in @entity3146 , with 951 upregulated and 1570 downregulated. A GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the most striking overexpressed transcripts in @entity3146 compared with @entity3146 were in the category of metabolism, defense response, and nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) cascade. While the vast majority of transcripts had barely altered expression in @entity3146 and @entity5 tissues, only 38 transcripts were upregulated in @entity5 . A GO enrichment analysis revealed that the alterations of the immune response were most prominent in the progression from @entity3146 to @entity5 . It is worth noting that, compared with @entity3146 , 289 transcripts were expressed at higher levels both in @entity3146 and @entity5 . A characteristic gene, @entity16142 ( @entity16142 ) was one of the 289 transcripts and related to metabolism, the immune response, and the NF-kB cascade, and its expression was validated in independent samples through real-time TaqMan   PCR and immunohistochemical staining. In real-time PCR analysis, the expression of @entity16142 was elevated both in @entity3146 and @entity5 compared with that in @entity3146 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). In IHC analysis, @entity16142 immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasmic of neoplastic cells, but was undetectable in chronic @entity3621 cells. The @entity16142 expression in @entity3146 was higher than that of @entity3146 (P = 0.012,    (2) = 6.28) and @entity5 (P = 0.008,    (2) = 6.94). CONCLUSION: A clear biological distinction between gastric high- and @entity3146 was identified, and provides molecular evidence for clinical application.

title: Differential gene expression profiling of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['EGC', 'early-stage adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['LGIN', 'low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia', 'high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia', 'HGIN']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytoreductive surgery remains an accepted standard treatment of primary @entity43 . In advanced stages adjuvant platin/ @entity3907 chemotherapy with addition of anti-angiogenic agent, i.e., bevacizumab is recommended. The management of recurrent @entity43 remains a field of controversies. Surgery and/or systemic treatment are currently investigated in prospective trials. Retrospective data show prognosis improvement in @entity1 who underwent complete cytoreduction. Thus, the selection of @entity1 eligible for surgery in recurrent situation is the essential issue. The available predictors of complete resection depend on results of primary surgery and current @entity1 situation. @entity1 who fulfill these criteria have 76% likelihood of undergoing complete resection and survival prolongation. On the other hand there is a large group of @entity1 in whom surgery might be too dangerous and demand an effective systemic treatment. Currently in a second-line several options are available, again including anti-angiogenic agents. The management of further recurrences is a subject of several clinical trials, nevertheless standards are still missing. Due to histological subtype and/or @entity5345 mutation status, the therapy in @entity43 might undergo revision in a near future.

title: Current management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Effects of the oxanion @entity597 on plant @entity3775 ( @entity18839 ) detoxification mechanisms are not well understood. Therefore, holistic physiological and biochemical modifications induced by progressively increased doses of @entity597 fertilization in the presence of long-term @entity18839 stress were investigated in the @entity3775 sensitive @entity5369 ( @entity5369 . cvJumbo). Plant growth inhibition induced by @entity18839 was decreased in response to increasing doses of @entity597 supply. @entity3775 concentrations measured in roots of @entity5369 by atomic absorption spectrometry declined significantly with increasing @entity597 concentrations. In parallel, we determined a rise of sulphur in shoots and roots of @entity5369 . Inclusion of up to 360   M of @entity597 enhanced @entity462 and @entity2041 biosynthesis in @entity18839 (1.07   M) treated plants. This increase of @entity1432 -containing compounds favored all modifications in the @entity2041 redox balance, declining lipid peroxidation, decreasing the activity of @entity224 dismutase, and modifying the expression of proteins involved in the diminution of @entity18839 @entity137 in roots. In particular, proteome analysis by 1D-SDS-PAGE and LC- @entity15 / @entity15 allowed to identify up (e.g. vacuolar proton ATPase, proteosome b subunit, etc) and down (Glyoxilase I, @entity9050 peroxidase, etc.) regulated proteins induced by @entity18839 @entity137 symptoms in roots. Although, @entity597 supply up to 480   M caused a reduction in @entity18839 @entity137 symptoms, it was not as efficient as compared to 360   M @entity597 fertilization. These results suggest that @entity597 fertilization ameliorates @entity18839 @entity137 responses in an intracellular specific manner within @entity5369 .

title: @entity597 fertilization ameliorates long-term @entity3775 XXXX symptoms in @entity5369 ( @entity5369 ).

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['Aluminum', 'aluminum']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['perennial ryegrass', 'Lolium perenne L', 'Lolium perenne']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Treatment with @entity2816 and @entity619 was given to 26 @entity1 with active, previously untreated @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). @entity2816 was administered in an initial dosage of 200 mg/d for 2 weeks and then increased as tolerated (in 200-mg increments at 2-week intervals) to a maximum daily dose of 800 mg. @entity619 was given orally in a dosage of 40 mg/d on days 1 through 4, 9 through 12, and 17 through 20 in odd cycles and 40 mg/d on days 1 through 4 in even cycles at monthly intervals. Response was defined as a decrease in serum and urine monoclonal (M)-protein by 50% or greater. Twenty (77%) of 26 @entity1 with active @entity1582 exhibited a therapeutic response. Among the first seven @entity1 treated with a @entity2816 dose of 400 mg, grade III to IV @entity137 developed in two. Drug titration was then stopped and the @entity2816 dose maintained at 200 mg/d. Six (86%) of seven @entity1 showed a response after @entity2816 dose escalation, whereas 14 (74%) of 19 @entity1 demonstrated a response with a constant @entity2816 dose of 200 mg/d. @entity2816 alone produced a response in six (38%) of 16 @entity1 with smoldering or indolent @entity1582 . The angiogenesis grade was elevated in only 8% of these @entity1 . Thirty-two @entity1 with relapsed @entity1582 were treated with @entity2816 dosed at 200 mg/d, with 200-mg escalations every 2 weeks to a maximum daily dose of 800 mg. Prior chemotherapy had failed and five (16%) @entity1 had experienced relapse following stem cell transplantation. Ten (38%) of the 26 @entity1 who had received at least two cycles of therapy obtained a response.

title: Therapeutic application of @entity2816 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Root fractures in non-root-filled teeth occur mostly in maxillary incisors because of @entity130 . Horizontal root fractures in posterior teeth are rare. This case report describes a horizontal @entity174 of the palatal root of an upper first premolar in which the pulp was vital. The @entity1 had no symptoms and had no initial recollection of @entity130 . The dentition showed signs of @entity432 . Cone-beam computed tomographic imaging identified the affected root. The literature revealed only 2 previous examples of horizontal root fractures in posterior teeth in which pulps remained vital. The possible roles of @entity130 and bruxing in the etiology are evaluated. A tooth with a fractured root may remain vital and symptomless. The etiology of the @entity174 can be difficult to establish in posterior teeth. Cone-beam computed tomographic imaging can be invaluable in identifying the fractured root. Pulp sensibility testing is critical before intervention.

title: Horizontal palatal root XXXX in a vital upper first premolar.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['bruxing and occlusal erosion']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: @entity2717 elements were identified in the genomes of five @entity404 strains isolated from various media. IST2 elements were revealed in all the strains grown in a medium with ferrous @entity68 , ISAfe1 elements were detected in four strains (TFBk, TFL-2, TFV-1 and TFO). Three strains (TFV-1, TFN-d and TFO) were found to contain @entity2717 elements, approximately 600 bp long. These were named preliminary as ISAfe600. Partial sequencing of the 5'- and 3'-terminal @entity377 stretches of an ISAfe1 element in TFBk and TFL-2 strains and complete sequencing of the ISAfe1 element in the TFBk strain has revealed @entity377 substitutions as compared to the prototype, i.e., the ISAfe1 element of an ATCC 19859 strain. Partial sequencing of the 5'- and 3'-terminal @entity377 stretches of the IST2 elements in TFO, TFBk and TFL-2 strains has shown numerous @entity377 substitutions when compared to the IST2 element of an ATCC 19859 strain. Complete sequencing of the IST2 element in the TFBk strain has revealed: the divergence between the IST2 elements in the TFBk strain and the prototype was 21.2%. Southern hybridization of EcoRI fragments of the chromosomal DNA from five A. ferrooxidans strains grown in a medium with ferrous @entity68 using an internal region of ISAfe1, a full-length ISAfe1 or a full-length IST2 as probes has shown them to differ in the number of copies of @entity2717 elements and their localization on the chromosomes. Adaptation to elemental @entity599 in A. ferrooxidans strains caused changes in the number, intensity and localization of hybridization bands. The authors discuss the role of @entity2717 elements in the adaptation of A. ferrooxidans to the new energy substrate.

title: Identification of @entity2717 elements in @entity404 strains grown in a medium with ferrous @entity68 or adapted to elemental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity404 :: ('920', 'Species') :: ['Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: After a meal, hormones released from the gut potentiate insulin release. This study was undertaken to determine if physiological concentrations of plasma @entity8586 ( @entity13216 ) stimulate insulin secretion in @entity1 . Employing a specific @entity13216 bioassay, postprandial @entity13216 levels were determined in normal subjects. Ingestion of a mixed liquid meal stimulated an increase in circulating @entity13216 from a mean fasting level of 0.9 +/- 0.2 (SEM) pmol/L to a mean peak level of 7.1 +/- 1.1 pmol/L within 10 min of feeding. After 30 min the mean @entity13216 level fell to 3.5 pmol/L and remained elevated for the remainder of the 90-min experiment. Eight subjects underwent 40-min infusions of either @entity369 (15 g), mixed @entity1522 (15 g), or @entity413 (30 g) with or without the simultaneous infusion of @entity13216 -8. Since @entity13216 -8 has full biological potency, this form was chosen for infusion to reproduce total @entity13216 bioactivity in plasma. @entity13216 -8 was infused at rates of 12 or 24 pmol/kg X h, producing steady state plasma @entity13216 levels of 4.5 +/- 0.7 and 8.2 +/- 1.1 pmol/L, respectively, spanning the range of normal postprandial levels. @entity13216 alone had no effect on insulin, @entity413 , or glucagon levels. Administration of @entity369 alone stimulated insulin from a mean basal level of 12.8 +/- 1.3 microU/mL to a peak level of 41.3 +/- 5.4 microU/mL. Infusion of @entity13216 at 12 and 24 pmol/kg X h augmented @entity369 -stimulated insulin levels to peaks of 62.5 +/- 13.9 and 63.0 +/- 4.0 microU/mL, respectively. Moreover, @entity13216 nearly doubled the total amount of insulin secreted during the @entity369 infusion. A similar potentiation of glucagon release was found with both doses of @entity13216 . In addition, infusion of a mixture of @entity1522 with and without concomitant @entity13216 infusions revealed that @entity13216 potentiated the insulin release induced by mixed @entity1522 . In contrast to the potent effect of @entity13216 on @entity535 -induced insulin release, infusions of @entity13216 together with @entity413 caused no enhancement of @entity413 -stimulated insulin release. These results demonstrate that physiological concentrations of @entity13216 potentiate @entity535 (but not @entity413 )-induced insulin secretion in @entity1 . These data suggest, therefore, that @entity13216 may have a role in @entity1 as a modulator of insulin release.

title: Physiological concentrations of @entity8586 stimulate @entity535 -induced insulin release in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To confirm whether @entity26476 ( @entity26476 ) is a direct target of @entity7762 and @entity7762 / @entity26476 pathway plays a key role in @entity320 proliferation and @entity3 . METHODS: First, @entity7762 and @entity26476 expressions were both  detected in  @entity1  tissues and cell lines by qRT-PCR. Then, after transfection of mimics/inhibitor of @entity7762 into @entity320 cell lines, @entity98 , colony formation, scratch migration assays and transwell invasion assays were performed to evaluate the impact of @entity7762 on cell proliferation and @entity3 . Western blot, qRT-RCR and dual luciferase reporter gene assays were carried out to confirm whether @entity26476 is a direct target gene of @entity7762 . In functional recovery experiments, proliferation and @entity3 ability of WM35 and WM451 was tested after being co-transfected with @entity7762 inhibitor/si- @entity26476 or @entity7762 mimics/ @entity26476 cDNA to confirm that @entity26476 is downregulated by @entity7762 . RESULTS: The @entity7762 significantly lower-expressed in @entity3 @entity320 tissues compared to in situ @entity320 , @entity7174 and normal skin whereas @entity26476 has an opposite trend. The level of @entity7762 and @entity26476 in different @entity320 cell lines was also texted and found that metastatic @entity320 cell lines has lower @entity7762 expression and higher @entity26476 expression compare to in situ @entity320 cell line. @entity7762 overexpression profoundly inhibits WM451 cell proliferation and @entity3 , whereas @entity7762 reduction had a promoting effect to proliferation and @entity3 of WM35. Results of Western blot, qRT-RCR and dual luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that @entity26476 is a direct target gene of @entity7762 . Furthermore, overexpression/blockage of @entity26476 could attenuate effect of @entity7762 overexpression/inhibition which indicated @entity7762 suppresses @entity320 biological behavior partially through @entity26476 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed that @entity7762 is involved in the @entity5 inhibition of @entity320 by directly targeting @entity26476 gene. This finding provides potential novel strategies for therapeutic interventions of @entity320 .

title: Identification of @entity26476 as a novel target for microRNA-34a in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) by using a clinical 1.5-T MR unit and the safety and therapeutic outcome of the performed procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective pilot study with ethical approval and written informed @entity1 consent. Ten MR imaging-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy treatments were performed in 10 @entity1 (one male and nine female @entity1 ; age range, 16-47 years; mean age, 30.3 years) with a VM in the foot and/or ankle (n = 5), @entity291 (n = 2), thigh and/or knee (n = 2), and elbow (n = 1). MR imaging was used for needle insertion guidance and real-time monitoring of the injection process by using three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo MR sequences (repetition time msec/echo time msec = 3.7-5.2/1.1-1.6, flip angle = 35 degrees) and @entity52119 / @entity1068 solutions as the sclerosing agent. The technical success (ie, absence of technical problems, number of needle position corrections) was systematically evaluated along with safety aspects (ie, @entity532 ) and the therapeutic outcome (eg, VM volume decrease, relief of symptoms) during a 1-year follow-up period. RESULTS: MR imaging-guided sclerotherapy was technically successful in all @entity1 . A mean of 2.5 +/- 1.85 (range, 1-6) needle position corrections were needed for correct needle placement. The distribution of the sclerosing agent (mean amount, 10.5 mL; range, 0.8-33.0 mL) was clearly visible with real-time MR monitoring. One @entity1 developed a @entity2054 , which was managed with surgery. No other complications were observed. VM volumes significantly decreased by 53% (range, 24%-86%; P = .02) 12 weeks after therapy. Nine of the 10 @entity1 (90%) noted an improvement of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In this limited preliminary series, 1.5-T MR imaging-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy for the treatment of @entity1211 was feasible with a high degree of technical success, was relatively safe, and had a good therapeutic outcome after 1 year.

title: MR imaging-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy of peripheral XXXX with a clinical 1.5-T unit: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity52119 :: ('CHEBI:73727', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine gadoterate']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['absence of complications']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VMs', 'venous malformations']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous malformations']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) is a major clinical problem, which causes perinatal morbidity and mortality. One of the reasons for @entity1592 is abnormal placentation. In @entity35 , fetal-placental exposure to maternally administered glucocorticoids decreases birth weight and placental weight. Proper placental development depends on the proliferation and differentiation of trophoblasts. Our knowledge about the mitotic regulators that play key roles in synchronizing these events is limited. Also the mechanisms underlying the placental growth inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunolocalization, mRNA and protein levels of @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ), @entity25034 , @entity5447 and @entity25033 in normal and @entity619 -induced @entity1592 @entity35 @entity35 placentas by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and Western blot. We also compared apoptotic cell numbers at the light microscopic level via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and transmission electron microscopy. Glucocorticoid levels were higher in @entity1592 @entity35 than in control @entity35 after 60 and 120min of injection. We showed reduced gene and protein expressions of @entity1975 and @entity25034 and increased expressions of @entity5447 and @entity25033 in @entity1592 placentas compared to control placentas. Apoptotic cell number was higher in the placentas of the @entity1592 group. In brief we found that maternal @entity619 treatment led to a shift from cell proliferation to apoptosis in @entity1592 placentas. @entity619 induced placental and @entity2085 which could be associated with reduced expressions of @entity1975 and @entity25034 , increased expressions of @entity5447 and @entity25033 and increased rate of apoptosis in @entity1592 placentas.

title: Determination of @entity1975 , @entity25034 , @entity5447 , @entity25033 and apoptosis rate in normal and @entity619 -induced intrauterine growth restricted XXXX placentas.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'Intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Gastric and sphincter motility evoked by intravenous injection of CCK-8 were investigated in @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 . Digital ultrasonomicrometry was used to monitor pyloric (PYL), antral (ANT), corpus (COR), and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) movements while simultaneously measuring intragastric pressure (IGP) and, in some experiments, subdiaphragmatic intraesophageal pressure (sIEP). @entity5529 ( @entity5529 ) were measured continuously between pairs of piezoelectric crystals affixed to the serosa of PYL, ANT, COR (circular and longitudinal), and LES. Consecutive intravenous injections of CCK-8 (0.3, 1, and 3 microg/kg) at 30-min intervals caused dose-dependent simultaneous tonic contractions of PYL and ANT, LES opening, and drops in IGP with peak changes at 3 microg/kg of -17.9 +/- 2.1, -7.7 +/- 2.5, 6.5 +/- 1.4, and -29.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively, whereas intravenous saline had no effect. Rhythmic contractile activity was inhibited by CCK-8. COR responses were not significantly different from vehicle controls for most metrics, and the direction of response for circular COR varied between preparations, although not for repeated trials in a single preparation. During the LES response to CCK-8, sIEP rose in parallel with drops in IGP, indicating formation of a common cavity. Recovery of LES @entity5529 after intravenous CCK occurred more rapidly than recovery of PYL @entity5529 , suggesting the importance of preventing simultaneous patency of gastroesophageal and gastroduodenal passages. The @entity43734 antagonist @entity10992 (500 microg/kg intravenous) inhibited motion responses evoked by intravenous CCK-8. These data revealed CCK-8-induced gastric and sphincter activity consistent with retropulsion of gastric content.

title: Coordinated gastric and sphincter motility evoked by intravenous CCK-8 as monitored by ultrasonomicrometry in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5529 :: ('MESH:C535290', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'Intracrystal distances']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity10992 :: ('MESH:D020109', 'Chemical') :: ['devazepide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Fifty @entity1 with advanced @entity189 of the @entity135 were treated in a nonrandomized pilot study utilizing simultaneous @entity900 and radiotherapy. Treatment was delivered in two segments. The initial partial course (PC) consisted of 75-100 mg/m2 of @entity900 and concomitant radio-therapy to 20.00 Gy in 1 week, with 4-week split. @entity1 who tolerated therapy and experienced at least a partial response (PR) went on to complete the full course of therapy (FC), with the second phase consisting of 120 mg/m2 of @entity900 and 38.40 Gy of radiation. Total @entity900 delivered ranged between 195 and 220 mg/m2, and the total radiation dose was 58.40 Gy. Of 38 evaluable @entity1 , 31 (82%) had at least a partial response (PR). However, at time of analysis 20 months after study, 27 (71%) @entity1 were alive with disease or dead. Mean disease-free survival (DFS) for @entity1 receiving FC therapy (10.05 months) was greater than that for @entity1 who received only PC therapy (2.65 months), but the difference in overall survival (OS) was not statistically significant (11.95 FC versus 10.29 PC). Response rates and the minimal @entity137 are within the range of other reported studies. Randomized studies should seek optimal time-dose schedule and establish advantages in terms of crude survival and disease-free survival.

title: Simultaneous radiation therapy and @entity900 chemotherapy in advanced cancer of the XXXX . A pilot study at Tygerberg Hospital, Parowvallei, South Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: Durable vascular access for hemodialysis remains a critical issue in @entity454 @entity1 . Creation of an autogenous arteriovenous (AV) @entity292 in the most distal location of the nondominant extremity is the preferred technique and provides superior patency over an AV graft. Others have shown that regional anesthesia in the form of @entity616 results in the dilatation of the native veins and allows for their increased utilization in creating AV fistulae. We report on 26 @entity1 undergoing creation of a vascular access for hemodialysis. Regional anesthesia consisting of @entity616 was used in all cases. All surgical plans with regard to the site and type of access were made based on the physical exam and ultrasound vein measurements taken prior to surgery. On the day of surgery @entity1 were reevaluated with venous ultrasound using tourniquet before and after administration of the regional block. The previously determined operative plan either remained unchanged or was modified depending on the @entity384 noted after administration of regional block. Among 26 @entity1 , average vein diameter increased from 0.29 +/- 0.12 cm to 0.34 +/- 0.11 cm (P = 0.008). Twenty-one of 26 @entity1 had no modification in operative plan (group 1). Five had some modification of the original operative plan (group 2): AV graft to a brachial vein transposition (n = 2), AV graft to a Cimino @entity292 (n = 2), and brachiocephalic to a Cimino (n = 1). The average follow-up for all @entity1 was 82.6 +/- 75.6 days and did not differ between the groups. There was one failure in a @entity1 from group 1, and there was no significant difference in the patency rate between study groups (P = 0.29). Following regional nerve block, operative plans in @entity1 undergoing AV access surgery were modified in 29.4% of @entity1 undergoing creation of an AV access for hemodialysis; either from graft to @entity292 creation or from the proximal to more distal @entity292 site. The routine use of regional anesthesia as well as intraoperative ultrasound during AV access surgery can lead to improved site selection and increased opportunity for @entity2548 creation.

title: XXXX allows for optimization of planning in the creation of arteriovenous access for hemodialysis by improving superficial @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['venous dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AV fistula']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['axillary block', 'axillary nerve block']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['Regional nerve block']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term effects of an inhaled corticosteroid with those of a @entity4352 modifier on measures of clinical efficacy, subject preference, and safety in @entity1 with persistent @entity565 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between November 17, 1998, and May 26, 2000, we conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study of @entity1 aged 15 years or older with persistent @entity565 . The @entity1 were symptomatic while taking short-acting @entity2263 -agonists alone and were treated with @entity5023 (88 microg [2 puffs of 44 microg] twice daily) or @entity5203 (10 mg/d) for 24 weeks. Measures of pulmonary function, @entity565 symptoms, @entity3045 use, nighttime awakenings, physician assessments of efficacy, @entity1 satisfaction, @entity565 -related quality of life, and safety were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 522 @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity5023 or @entity5203 , and 395 @entity1 completed the study. At end point, treatment with @entity5023 significantly improved pulmonary function, @entity565 symptom scores, the percentage of symptom-free days, rescue @entity3045 use, and the number of nighttime awakenings due to @entity565 when compared with @entity5203 (P< or = .002, each comparison). Significantly more @entity1 were satisfied with @entity5023 therapy (83%) compared with @entity5203 therapy (66%) (P<.001), and @entity5023 therapy was rated as effective by a significantly greater portion of physicians (67%) than was @entity5203 therapy (54%) (P<.001). Treatment with @entity5023 significantly improved @entity565 -related quality-of-life measures compared with @entity5203 (P< or =.01). The incidence of @entity565 exacerbations was similar in the @entity5023 (19 @entity1 , 7%) and @entity5203 (21 @entity1 , 8%) treatment groups, although slightly more @entity1 in the @entity5203 group were withdrawn from the study because of @entity565 exacerbations (6% vs 4%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with a low dose of inhaled @entity5023 is more effective than oral @entity5203 as first-line maintenance therapy for the treatment of persistent @entity565 .

title: Efficacy and safety of low-dose @entity5023 compared with @entity5203 for maintenance treatment of persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate', 'fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study determines the feasibility of different approaches to integrative videogame-based group therapy for improving self-awareness, social skills, and behaviors among @entity131 ( @entity131 ) victims and retrieves @entity1 feedback. METHODS: Forty-two adult @entity131 survivors were included in a longitudinal study with a pre- and post-assessments. The experimental intervention involved weekly one-hour sessions conducted over six months. @entity1 were assessed using the Self-Awareness Deficits Interview (SADI), @entity1 Competency Rating Scale (PCRS), the Social Skills Scale (SSS), the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), the System Usability Scale (SUS). Pearson's chi-squared test (   (2)) was applied to determine the percentage of @entity1 who had changed their clinical classification in these tests. Feedback of the intervention was collected through the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). RESULTS: SADI results showed an improvement in @entity1 perceptions of deficits (   (2)   =   5.25, p   <   0.05), of their implications (   (2)   =   4.71, p   <   0.05), and of long-term planning (   (2)   =   7.86, p   <   0.01). PCRS results confirm these findings (   (2)   =   5.79, p   <   0.05). SSS results were also positive with respect to social skills outcomes (   (2)   =   17.52, p   <   0.01), and FrSBe results showed behavioral improvements (   (2)   =   34.12, p   <   0.01). @entity1 deemed the system accessible (80.43        8.01 out of 100) and regarded the intervention as interesting and useful (5.74        0.69 out of 7). CONCLUSIONS: Integrative videogame-based group therapy can improve self-awareness, social skills, and behaviors among individuals with chronic @entity131 , and the approach is considered effective and motivating.

title: Videogame-based group therapy to improve self-awareness and social skills after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the 4-year incidence of @entity227 and causes of @entity1939 among black @entity1 of the Barbados Eye Studies. DESIGN: Population-based incidence study. SETTING AND @entity1 : The Barbados Incidence Study of @entity2194 (BISED) followed the cohort of the Barbados Eye Study (BES), a prevalence study based on a simple random sample of Barbadians 40 to 84 years of age. BISED included 3193 black @entity1 from the original cohort (85% of those eligible). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Best-corrected visual acuity (Ferris-Bailey chart) at baseline and follow-up was measured according to a modified Early Treatment of @entity6 Study protocol. By use of World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, @entity4064 and @entity1939 for an individual were defined as visual acuity (VA) <6/18 to 6/120 and <6/120, respectively, in the better eye. By commonly used US criteria, @entity4064 and @entity1939 were defined as VA < or = 20/40 and < or = 20/200, respectively. @entity1018 was defined as a doubling of the visual angle (i.e., decrease of 15 letters or more read correctly between baseline and follow-up examinations). Progression was defined as @entity4064 at baseline. RESULTS: On the basis of WHO criteria, the overall 4-year incidence was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0%-4.4%) for @entity4064 and 0.6% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.0%) for @entity1939 . Incidence rates were higher using US criteria: 5.3% (95 % CI, 4.5%-6.2%) and 1.5% (95% CI, 1.1%-2.0%), respectively, reaching 21.5% and 7.3% for @entity1 aged 70 years or older at baseline. One tenth of the cohort had @entity1018 , and 28.6% of those with @entity4064 progressed. About one half of incident @entity1939 was due to age-related @entity231 . Nearly one fifth was caused by @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) alone or combined with @entity231 , and approximately 10% was caused by @entity6 ( @entity6 ). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity227 was high in this Afro-Caribbean population, particularly in older age groups, indicating the public health significance of @entity227 for this and similar black populations. @entity231 , @entity1538 , and @entity6 were among the leading causes of incident @entity1939 , paralleling their high prevalence in this population.

title: Four-year incidence of XXXX : Barbados Incidence Study of @entity2194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['Vision loss', 'vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Eye Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'DR', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss among those with low vision', 'low vision']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual impairment']


abstract: @entity21712 is a side-effect of mechanical ventilation. Its prevention or attenuation implies knowledge of the sequence of events that lead from mechanical stress to @entity55 and stress at @entity397 . A literature review was undertaken which focused on the link between the mechanical forces in the diseased lung and the resulting @entity32 / @entity397 . The distending force of the lung is the transpulmonary pressure. This applied force, in a homogeneous lung, is shared equally by each fibre of the lung's fibrous skeleton. In a nonhomogeneous lung, the collapsed or consolidated regions do not strain, whereas the neighbouring fibres experience excessive strain. Indeed, if the global applied force is excessive, or the fibres near the diseased regions experience excessive stress/strain, biological activation and/or mechanical @entity397 are observed. Excessive strain activates macrophages and epithelial cells to produce @entity687 . This cytokine recruits neutrophils, with consequent full-blown @entity32 . In order to prevent initiation of ventilator-induced @entity651 , transpulmonary pressure must be kept within the physiological range. The prone position may attenuate ventilator-induced @entity651 by increasing the homogeneity of transpulmonary pressure distribution. Positive end-expiratory pressure may prevent ventilator-induced @entity651 by keeping open the lung, thus reducing the regional stress/strain maldistribution. If the transpulmonary pressure rather than the tidal volume per kilogram of body weight is taken into account, the contradictory results of the randomised trials dealing with different strategies of mechanical ventilation may be better understood.

title: Physical and biological triggers of ventilator-induced XXXX and its prevention.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity21712 :: ('MESH:D055397', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator-induced lung injury']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: In the FREEDOM study, denosumab treatment (60 mg every 6 months) decreased bone resorption, increased @entity79 ( @entity79 ), and reduced new vertebral, nonvertebral, and @entity173 over 36 months in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . In a subset of these @entity1 , hip quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was performed at baseline and months 12, 24, and 36. These scans were analyzed using @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) software, which allowed assessment of total hip integral, trabecular, subcortical, and cortical compartments; the cortical compartment was further divided into 2 areas of interest (outer and inner cortex). This substudy reports changes in @entity79 and bone mineral content (BMC) from baseline and compared placebo with denosumab over 36 months of treatment (placebo N=26; denosumab N=36). Denosumab treatment resulted in significant improvements in total hip integral volumetric @entity79 (vBMD) and BMC from baseline at each time point. At month 36, the mean percentage increase from baseline in total hip integral vBMD and BMC was 6.4% and 4.8%, respectively (both p<0.0001). These gains were accounted for by significant increases in vBMD and BMC in the trabecular, subcortical, and cortical compartments. In the placebo group, total hip integral vBMD and BMC decreased at month 36 from baseline by -1.5% and -2.6%, respectively (both p<0.05). The differences between denosumab and placebo were also significant at months 12, 24, and 36 for integral, trabecular, subcortical, and cortical vBMD and BMC (all p<0.05 to <0.0001). While the largest percentage differences occurred in trabecular vBMD and BMC, the largest absolute differences occurred in cortical vBMD and BMC. In summary, denosumab significantly improved both vBMD and BMC from baseline and placebo, assessed by QCT @entity2996 , in the integral, trabecular, subcortical, and cortical hip compartments, all of which are relevant to bone strength.

title: Improvements in hip trabecular, subcortical, and cortical density and mass in postmenopausal XXXX with @entity170 treated with denosumab.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MIAF', 'Medical Image Analysis Framework']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The aim of this work was to examine whether the risk of @entity204 i.a. due to @entity548 (CNS) is higher during some phases of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), @entity981 ( @entity981 ), and the blastic phase of chronic @entity1778 (BP) when two important risk factors that worsen the prognosis are simultaneously present: low @entity882 and hyperleukocytosis. Clinical and post-mortem neuropathological examination was performed in 143 @entity1 , aged 17-76 years, who died from @entity3052 (80 cases), BP (38), and @entity981 (25). Periods with co-existence of @entity882 below 25 x 10(9) per l and hyperleukocytosis above 100 x 10(9) per l were identified after plotting the results and were termed the 'critical period' ( @entity3124 ). The study showed that the risk of @entity204 was disproportionately high during the @entity3124 . This finding was obtained in all @entity1 groups, although it involved mainly @entity1 with @entity3052 and BP, i.e. @entity1778 with the highest frequency of hyperleukocytosis in peripheral blood. It is suggested that the risk of @entity204 during the @entity3124 is so high because leukaemic cells are a potent synergistic factor to @entity882 in causing CNS @entity548 . When a @entity3124 is detected, hyperleukocytosis and @entity882 should be controlled and treated aggressively: leukapheresis and platelet concentrates should be administered. @entity1 with @entity3124 should not be given packed red blood cells, in order to avoid a further @entity101 , which is already high due to hyperleukocytosis. In fact, @entity417 during the @entity3124 should be regarded as a potentially life-saving factor.

title: Co-existence of @entity882 and hyperleukocytosis ('critical period') as a risk factor of @entity548 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in blood viscosity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhage into the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemias', 'myelogenous leukaemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['acute leukaemias']


abstract: @entity320 has defied treatment advances for several decades. Immunotherapy with high-dose @entity1199 or interferon-a has been beneficial in some cases, but significant @entity137 limit its use. @entity4386 ( @entity4386 ) signaling switches off T-cell activation and induces immune tolerance. Inhibiting @entity4386 prolongs the antitumor T-cell response, reversing tolerance. Ipilimumab is a first-in-class anti- @entity4386 monoclonal antibody, currently under review by the Food and Drug Administration for pretreated @entity320 . Ipilimumab has shown durable responses and manageable @entity137 in a large phase 3 clinical trial in @entity1 with advanced @entity320 . Variable response patterns have been observed, including: (1) response in baseline lesions; (2) a slow, steady decline in @entity5 burden; (3) response after an increase in @entity5 burden; and (4) response in index and new lesions accompanied by the appearance of other new lesions. Although responses (1) and (2) may be captured using standard methods, atypical responses (3) and (4) would be classified as progressive disease using conventional assessments. @entity1 on ipilimumab may have delayed responses or durable stable disease even after apparent disease progression, therefore using new immune-related response criteria is recommended to avoid premature treatment withdrawal. This review compares and contrasts responses to ipilimumab with those after chemotherapy, and discusses treatment implications.

title: @entity1 responses to ipilimumab, a novel immunopotentiator for XXXX : how different are these from conventional treatment responses?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Advanced melanoma']

entities_list: @entity4386 :: ('1493', 'Gene') :: ['Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4', 'CTLA-4']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Both endoscopic and surgical drainage procedures are effective palliative methods for malignant @entity253 . @entity954 is still preferred in developing countries due to the high cost of procuring metal biliary stents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and the cost of care in @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 after endoscopic biliary drainage and surgical drainage. @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary referral center in Brazil. @entity1 with @entity253 due to metastatic @entity788 and liver @entity3 , but without @entity1084 , were included in the study. Endoscopic biliary drainage with the insertion of a metal stent into the bile duct was compared with the surgical drainage procedure (choledochojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy). Quality of life was assessed before, and 30 days, 60 days, and 120 days after the drainage procedure. The cost of drainage procedure, cost during the first 30 days and the total cost from drainage procedure to death were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 273 @entity1 with @entity9451 seen at our hospital between July 2001 and October 2004, 35 @entity1 were eligible for the study, and 30 agreed to participate in the study. Both surgical and endoscopic drainage procedures were successful, without any mortality in the first 30 days. The cost of biliary drainage procedure (US dollars 2,832 +/- 519 vs 3,821 +/- 1,181, p= 0.031), the cost of care during the first 30 days after drainage (US dollars 3,122 +/- 877 vs 6,591 +/- 711, p= 0.001), and the overall total cost of care that included initial care and subsequent interventions and hospitalizations until death (US dollars 4,271+/- 2,411 vs 8,321 +/- 1,821, p= 0.0013) were lower in the endoscopy group compared with the surgical group. In addition, the quality of life scores were better in the endoscopy group at 30 days (p= 0.042) and 60 days (p= 0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in complication rate, readmissions for complications, and duration of survival. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic biliary drainage is cheaper and provides better quality of life in @entity1 with @entity253 and metastatic @entity788 .

title: Surgery or endoscopy for palliation of XXXX due to metastatic @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical drainage']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary obstruction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The main purpose of this study was to determine the association between the 6-min walk test distance (6MWTD) and physical functional capacity (PF) in primary care @entity1 , as well as in @entity28 individuals. We studied 351 subjects (age=56.8  14.6 years; BMI=29.4  5.7   kg/m(2); 68% @entity1 ), including 141 @entity28 subjects (BMI>= 30   kg/m(2)), recruited in 10 different family practices. Physical (PCS) and mental component summary of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the 8 sub-scores were measured using the Short Form-36 Health Survey. Anthropometry, vital signs and physical testing were measured according to standardized protocols. Recreational physical activity (LPA) and sedentary levels were determined using the Canadian Community Health Survey. In a stepwise multivariate analysis, 65% of the 6MWTD variance was explained by PF of the HRQOL, age, quadriceps strength, number of @entity102 , @entity4991 categories, BMI, resting heart rate, PCS, height and TV-viewing categories in primary care subjects. In the @entity28 individuals, PF, age, quadriceps strength and BMI explained 57% of the 6MWTD variance. In these 2 groups, 44% of the 6MWTD variance is explained by PF only. To conclude, the 6MWTD is strongly associated with PF of the HRQOL. Thus, it adequately reflects physical limitations in daily life activities of primary care @entity1 , including @entity28 individuals.

title: The 6-min Walk Test Reflects Functional Capacity in Primary Care and Obese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) for @entity1 with @entity418 has been performed with and without external radiotherapy (ERT) in our department since May 1980. From May 1980 through December 1986, 92 @entity1 with @entity1721 were treated with @entity1168 following ERT. These @entity1 were divided into a limited disease (LD) group and an @entity66 ( @entity66 ) group. Complete response and partial response rates after treatment were 48% and 38% in the LD group, and 9% and 65% in the @entity66 group, respectively. The median survival time and 2-year survival rate was 13 months and 39% in the LD group, and 8.5 months and 7% in the @entity66 group, respectively. The 5-year survival was 17% in the LD group. @entity1168 without ERT was used to treat six @entity1 with small, superficial @entity1721 from August 1987 through July 1988. No @entity1 were candidates for surgery because of coexisting medical problems. Each @entity1 received 6 Gy per treatment, twice weekly with a total of 24 Gy; five of the six @entity1 were treated on an outpatient basis. The @entity5 had disappeared completely in all six @entity1 at the time of first follow-up endoscopic study less than 1 month after treatment, and no local recurrence had occurred after 11 to 22 months in five of the six @entity1 . Five of the six @entity1 were alive after 11 to 22 months, and one died with mediastinal @entity3 at 15 months.

title: XXXX ( @entity1168 ) for @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDRIBT', 'High-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['High-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy']


abstract: Vasodilation is one of the most prominent effects of @entity859 and one of the first to be recognized, but its mechanism of action is not completely understood. In particular, there is conflicting information about the potential contribution of endothelial factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of @entity842 in the vasodilatory effect of @entity859 . Forearm blood flow responses to intrabrachial @entity859 infusion (125 microg/min) were assessed with @entity432 plethysmography during intrabrachial infusion of saline or the @entity842 synthase inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ) (12.5 mg/min). Intrabrachial infusions of @entity934 (50 microg/min) and @entity1854 (3 microg/min) were used as a positive and negative control, respectively. These doses were chosen to produce comparable levels of vasodilation. In a separate study, a second saline infusion was administered instead of @entity7293 to rule out time-related effects. As expected, pretreatment with @entity7293 reduced @entity934 -induced vasodilation; 50 microg/min @entity934 increased forearm blood flow by 150+/-43% and 51+/-12% during saline and @entity7293 infusion, respectively (P<.01, n=6). In contrast, @entity7293 did not affect the increase in forearm blood flow produced by 3 microg/min @entity1854 (165+/-30% and 248+/-41% during saline and @entity7293 , respectively) or @entity859 (173+/-48% and 270+/-75% during saline and @entity7293 , respectively). On the basis of our observations, we conclude that @entity859 -induced vasodilation is not mediated by @entity842 in the @entity1 forearm.

title: Role of XXXX in @entity859 -induced vasodilation in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Five types of dextran-based microcarriers (Dormacell(   ), Pfeifer and Langen) with different concentrations of dimeric @entity8851 anion-exchange groups ( @entity1568 contents from 1.2 up to 2.9%) were tested as growth substrates for the cultivation of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). All microcarriers were gelatinized before use to improve cell adhesion. The one with the highest @entity8851 -group density was found to be most suitable for HUVEC propagation reaching final cell densities of 8 10(5) viable cells ml(-1) (95% viability) using microcarrier concentrations of 3 g l(-1). Furthermore, metabolic data of @entity413 / @entity880 and @entity535 metabolism are presented in this study. The concentrations of 18 @entity1522 were monitored throughout cultivation. A considerable decrease of @entity1160 and inverse increase of @entity2227 was observed. Cultivation with initial @entity413 concentration of 16.5 mmol l(-1) resulted in high @entity1160 consumption rates, whereas high @entity413 -supplemented starting culture medium (30 mmol l(-1)) gave considerably lowered rates, indicating altered @entity1160 metabolism due to different @entity413 feeding. The @entity413 consumption and @entity880 production rates increased 2.6 fold and 3.5 fold, respectively, due to switch over from low to high @entity413 supplemented cultures. The rate of @entity413 metabolism was found not to be directly related to cell growth, because almost identical growth rates and doubling times were obtained. Considering the remaining 16 @entity1522 measured, @entity563 concentrations considerably declined and @entity2228 as well as @entity493 concentrations raised strongly. Most @entity535 values were found insignificantly altered during 14 days of cultivation. Spinner vessel cultures served as inoculum for up scale propagation of HUVECs in membrane stirred 2 liter bioreactors. About 5 10(9) HUVECs were produced, which were used for the isolation and structural characterization of glycosphingolipids, cell membrane compounds, which are suggested to be involved in e.g. selectin- @entity1735 interaction (cell-cell adhesion), @entity105 and @entity731 .

title: Scale up cultivation of primary XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells on microcarriers from spinner vessels to bioreactor fermentation.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity699 ( @entity699 ) rarely occurs in childhood, affected @entity1 commonly fail to achieve predicted adult height. Hypercortisolaemia results in @entity2338 may persist or demonstrate delayed recovery after successful treatment of @entity699 in adults. Whether recovery of spontaneous GH secretion occurs following treatment of childhood @entity699 has yet to be established. DESIGN AND @entity1 : We performed a retrospective analysis of the GH status of 13 @entity1 (10 males; 12.8 +/- 1.0 years, mean +/- SE) who had undergone successful treatment of @entity699 that occurred prior to the completion of linear growth. Each underwent transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, resulting in satisfactory control of glucocorticoid levels in 7/13 (54%). The remaining six @entity1 (46%) received fractionated external beam irradiation (4500 Gy). At the time of GH assessment, circadian dynamics of @entity701 were normal in eight @entity1 and five were receiving titrated glucocorticoid replacement. MEASUREMENTS: GH status was assessed using the peak response to a provocative stimulus. Eleven out of 13 underwent testing with insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (nadir plasma @entity413 </= 2.2 mmol/l) and glucagon provocation was used in 2/13. Severe @entity2338 was defined as a peak GH response < 9 mU/l, and a normal response as > 30 mU/l. Intermediate values were taken to represent subnormal GH status. Assessment of GH status was performed 39 +/- 10 months (median +/- SE) following successful treatment (range 9-108 months). RESULTS: Using these criteria 4/13 (31%) @entity1 had severe @entity2338 . Only 2/13 (15%) had a normal response. 7/13 (54%) achieved peak GH levels in the subnormal range. Those with multiple @entity7961 were most likely to have lower peak GH levels, but there was no clear effect of pituitary irradiation or relationship between duration post cure and peak GH response. CONCLUSION: @entity2338 is common and may persist for many years following successful treatment of @entity699 prior to completion of linear growth. External radiotherapy does not necessarily result in severe @entity2338 in the short term. Assessment of GH status and consideration of GH treatment should be considered following treatment of @entity699 in childhood and adolescence in order to maximize the opportunities to achieve a satisfactory final adult height. In those with subnormal GH responses, continued assessment is necessary to determine whether the @entity2338 subsequently recovers or if these @entity1 develop features of the adult @entity2338 .

title: Successful treatment of childhood-onset XXXX is associated with persistent reduction in growth hormone secretion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH axis', 'reduced GH secretion and GH-deficiency', 'GH-deficiency', 'GH-deficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hormone deficiencies']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: It is now possible to develop a dynamic neuronal network model for generalized @entity410 seizures because of in vivo data recently obtained in a naturally occurring @entity302 model--the @entity74 -prone @entity35 (GEPR-9s). GEPR-9s exhibit @entity410 ( @entity410 ) that consist of a sequence of discrete behavioral phases (i.e., wild running, clonus-tonus, and @entity308 ). The neuronal firing changes in most nuclei implicated in the network during each phase of @entity410 in behaving GEPR-9s have been examined. The inferior colliculus is critical in @entity410 initiation, because extensive firing increases in inferior colliculus are observed preceding @entity410 initiation. The deep layers of superior colliculus (DLSC) are crucial to wild running, based on the emergence of tonic firing of DLSC neurons just preceding this phase. The pontine reticular nucleus (PRF) and periaqueductal gray (PAG) are critical to the clonic-tonic phase, because tonic firing patterns appear in these neurons just prior to this phase. During @entity308 all areas except the PRF are quiescent. These temporal relationships suggest that each nucleus plays a specific hierarchic role in each discrete @entity146 . Generalized tonic-clonic @entity410 behavior observed in @entity1 @entity302 , in GEPR-9s, and in other @entity410 models is likely to @entity528 . The neurotransmitter mechanisms subserving the abnormal neuronal responses in the GEPR-9 neuronal network involve an increased availability of @entity2227 and a decrease in the effectiveness of @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) in many brain regions. Focal modification of the effects of @entity1246 , @entity2227 , @entity1063 , or @entity750 also modulates the nuclei of the network differentially. Together, these data reveal the anatomic, neurotransmitter, and neurophysiologic mechanisms of the neuronal network hierarchy in GEPR-9s, which is currently the most completely developed of any generalized @entity410 model. Differential effects of anticonvulsants on the @entity410 phases and concomitant differential modifications of neuronal firing are observed on neurons in these network nuclei. With nearly complete identification of the network nuclei, the differential effects of these anticonvulsant drugs on different aspects of neuronal firing in different brain sites indicate that this experimental approach can likely identify the most sensitive therapeutic target for these agents. This concept is potentially vital to developing the most selective treatment of different @entity146 occurring in @entity1 @entity302 . The neuronal network for @entity410 does not require brain structures rostral to the midbrain for @entity410 expression. However, the forebrain is recruited into an expanded @entity410 network through @entity410 repetition ("kindling"), resulting in prolonged @entity410 , post-tonic clonus, and epileptiform electrographic @entity2526 . @entity410 kindling produces network expansion into medial geniculate body (MGB) and amygdala and involves neuronal firing increases in MGB.

title: XXXX in the @entity74 -prone @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'seizure', 'AGS', 'audiogenic seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['post-ictal depression']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive behaviors', 'convulsive behavior']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['cortical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetically epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['involve similar neuronal network components']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['Neuronal networks']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to 25% of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 undergoing surgery with an ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA) will develop chronic @entity5042 not responding to antibiotics. In case reports, @entity10227 analogs and infliximab (IFX) have been proposed as effective therapy in this setting. We analyzed the long-term efficacy of IFX in Belgian @entity1 with refractory pouch complications. METHODS: We identified 28 IPAA @entity1 who received IFX for @entity32 ( @entity5042 and/or pre-pouch @entity13570 , n = 25) and/or pouch @entity292 (n = 7). @entity1 with elements of @entity30 after review of the colectomy specimen were excluded. Clinical response was defined as complete in case of cessation of @entity294 , @entity190 , and @entity490 , and as partial in case of marked clinical improvement. @entity292 response was defined as complete in case of cessation and as partial in case of @entity292 . RESULTS: Eighty-two percent of @entity1 were concomitantly treated with immunomodulatory agents. At week 10 following start of IFX, 88% of @entity1 with @entity32 showed clinical response (14 partial, 8 complete), while 6 @entity1 (86%) showed @entity292 response (3 partial, 3 complete). The mPDAI dropped significantly from 9.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 8.0-10.0) to 4.5 (3.0-7.0) points (P < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 20 (7-36) months, 56% showed sustained clinical response while 3 out of 7 @entity292 @entity1 showed sustained @entity292 response. Five @entity1 needed permanent ileostomy. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, IFX was effective long-term in IPAA @entity1 with @entity32 and pouch @entity292 . These results warrant a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial.

title: Efficacy of infliximab in refractory @entity5042 and XXXX of the pouch: a Belgian case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['refractory luminal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'reduction of fistula drainage', 'Fistula']

entities_list: @entity10227 :: ('CHEBI:35666', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopurine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease-related complications']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether elastic properties and apparent density of bone differ in different anatomical regions of the maxilla and mandible. Additional analyses assessed how elastic properties and apparent density were related. Four pairs of @entity5386 and mandibles were retrieved from fresh @entity1 cadavers. Bone samples from four anatomical regions (maxillary anterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior, mandibular posterior) were obtained. Elastic modulus (EM) and @entity3358 ( @entity3358 ) were measured using the nano-indentation technique. Bone samples containing cortical and trabecular bone were used to measure composite apparent density (cAD) using Archimedes' principle. Statistical analyses used repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations. Bone physical properties differed between regions of the maxilla and mandible. Generally, mandible had higher physical property measurements than maxilla. EM and @entity3358 were higher in posterior than in anterior regions; the reverse was true for cAD. Posterior maxillary cAD was significantly lower than that in the three other regions.

title: Elastic properties and apparent density of @entity1 XXXX and mandible.

entities_list: @entity5386 :: ('MESH:D007575', 'Disease') :: ['edentulous maxilla']

answer: @entity5386 :: (MESH:D007575,Disease) :: ['edentulous maxilla']


abstract: To assess the results of vertebroplasty in @entity1 with intravertebral clefts compared to @entity1 with normal @entity3604 , we evaluated the pre- and postoperative images and @entity158 scores (VAS) of 114 @entity1 with 192 vertebroplasty procedures treated between March 2002 and February 2005. Intravertebral clefts were identified on conventional radiographs, MR or CT images as gas- or fluid-filled spaces adjacent to an endplate of a @entity174 . Forty-four vertebrae showed intravertebral clefts. All clefts were filled with @entity4625 showing a typical filling pattern. Due to the prone positioning of the @entity1 during vertebroplasty, a significant reduction of the @entity1513 angle was achieved in the cleft group. Cement leakage occurred in 18.2% of clefts and 46% of regular @entity3604 . In all @entity1 , good filling of the cleft was achieved no matter where the needle tip was placed in the vertebra. The VAS score was 9.1 preoperatively, 3.6 before discharge and 3.9 6 months postoperatively, showing no significant difference between both groups. @entity1 with intravertebral clefts show a significant reduction of the @entity1513 angle compared to non-cleft @entity1 and have a significantly lower risk of experiencing cement leakage during vertebroplasty. @entity158 reduction is the same in both groups.

title: XXXX reduction and the rate of cement leaks after vertebroplasty of intravertebral clefts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured vertebra']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['Kyphosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1956 is the major cause of @entity3619 and @entity82 in Iran. Sanitation and immunization is one of the most effective measures for prevention of the disease which is now widely used in developing countries. However, the immune response to the vaccine varies by age. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of @entity17562 on immune response to hepatitis-B vaccine in elderly. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a clinical trial on 140 subjects aged ?40 years with a body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2, and without any co-morbid disease were recruited. Those who had negative @entity1956 core antibody (102 @entity1 ) were randomly allocated to two groups. The trial group received @entity1956 vaccine plus 200 mg @entity17562 daily for 30 days and the control group received vaccine plus placebo. RESULTS: 52 of 102 @entity1 were female (51%). The two studied groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, and smoking habits. The mean antibody production in the intervention and control groups was 116.93 and 157.37 mIU/mL, respectively (p=0.22). No statistical differences were observed between the two groups in terms of proportion of @entity1 who were protected after vaccination (26.0% and 36.5% in @entity1 with and without @entity219 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that @entity17562 has no effect in level of immunity among elderly.

title: The effect of @entity17562 on immunologic response to recombinant @entity1956 vaccine in elderly: @entity17562 and immunologic response to recombinant XXXX vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity17562 :: ('MESH:D019287', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcome after allogeneic (allo) and autologous (auto) blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) in @entity1 with relapsed or @entity978 ( @entity978 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed the outcome of 157 consecutive @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity978 , who underwent BMT between March 1985 and April 1998. @entity1 <or= age 55 with HLA-matched siblings were prioritized toward allo BMT. The median age was 28 years (range, 13 to 52 years) for the 53 allo @entity1 and 30.5 years (range, 11 to 62 years) for the 104 auto @entity1 . RESULTS: The median follow-up after BMT for surviving @entity1 was 5.1 years (range, 1 to 13.8 years). For the entire group, the probabilities of event-free survival (EFS) and relapse at 10 years were 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18% to 33%) and 58% (95% CI, 48% to 69%), respectively. According to multivariate analysis, disease status before BMT (sensitive relapse if responding to conventional-dose therapy or resistant disease if not) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39, P < .0001) and date of BMT (HR = 0.93, P = .004) were independent predictors of EFS, whereas only disease status (HR = 0.35, P < .0001) influenced relapse. There was a trend for probability of relapse in sensitive @entity1 to be less after allo BMT at 34% (range, 8% to 59%) versus 51% (range, 36% to 67%) for the auto @entity1 (HR = 0.51, P = .17). There was a continuing risk of relapse or secondary @entity3052 ( @entity3052 )/ @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) for 12 years after auto BMT, whereas there were no cases of secondary @entity3052 / @entity2590 or relapses beyond 3 years after allo BMT. CONCLUSION: There seems to be a clinical graft-versus- @entity978 effect associated with allo BMT. Allo BMT for @entity978 also seems to have a lower risk of secondary @entity3052 / @entity2590 than auto BMT. Thus, allo BMT warrants continued study in @entity978 .

title: Long-term results of blood and marrow transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', "refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: The predictive value of initial clinical evaluation in the management of alkaline corrosive ingestion remains unclear. This multicenter study was designed to determine if specific clinical signs and symptoms following ingestion of alkaline corrosives could predict significant @entity1208 . Alkaline corrosives were defined by a pH greater than or equal to 12. Signs and symptoms previously suggested as predictive of significant @entity1208 were documented on a standardized data form. Esophagoscopy reports were reviewed blinded to initial symptoms. Three hundred thirty-six alkaline-corrosive ingestions were analyzed. The mean number of symptoms reported in @entity1 who did not have esophagoscopy was 1.2, in @entity1 who had esophagoscopy was 3.0, and in @entity1 that had visualized second or third degree esophageal burns was 4.8. Of 88 @entity1 who had esophagoscopy, 63 (72%) had both the esophagoscopy report and initial symptom assessment available. Esophagoscopy was positive, defined as second or third degree esophageal burns, in 18 of 63 cases (29%). All @entity1 with significant burns were symptomatic. No single or group of initially reported signs and symptoms could identify all @entity1 with potentially serious esophageal burns.

title: Initial symptoms as predictors of XXXX in alkaline corrosive ingestions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal injury']

answer: @entity1208 :: (MESH:D004935,Disease) :: ['esophageal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this report, the authors present the results from a study of @entity1 with unresectable @entity957 who were treated on a protocol of hyperfractionated @entity1161 and high-dose intraarterial @entity900 (HYPERRADPLAT) at the University of Kentucky. METHODS: The study was designed as a prospective, single-armed case series that was conducted in the setting of a single, academic, tertiary referral center. The @entity1 cohort consisted of 24 previously untreated @entity1 who were diagnosed with unresectable @entity189 and were treated on the HYPERRADPLAT regimen, which included hyperfractionated external beam radiotherapy (1.2 grays [Gy] twice daily) was given for 5 weeks (60 Gy) followed by high-dose intraarterial @entity900 (150 mg/m2) and @entity15451 . Shrinking "large-field" portals were started on Week 6 and finished on Week 7 with a cumulative dose of 76.8-81.6 Gy. The main outcome measures of the study were the primary and neck response rates, the 2-year and 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates, and acute and late treatment morbidity. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 77 months. Complete response rates at the primary and regional lymph nodes were both 88%. The 2-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 57% and 68%, respectively; whereas the 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 33% and 42%, respectively. Two @entity1 had Grade 4 @entity137 , and no @entity1 experienced neurologic or significant hematologic @entity137 . Within 1 year of treatment, 58% of @entity1 had used a feeding tube. CONCLUSIONS: The HYPERRADPLAT regimen produced excellent response rates and overall survival rates comparable to those achieved by @entity1 who had unresectable @entity189 . Tolerance of the therapy was good, and further studies using HYPERRADPLAT with induction therapy may improve outcomes further in this subset of @entity1 with unfavorable disease.

title: Long-term results of hyperfractionated @entity1161 and high-dose intraarterial @entity900 for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinomas', 'oropharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity15451 :: ('MESH:C017717', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium thiosulfate']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are limited reports about selenium status in @entity8674 @entity1 . The aim of this study is evaluation of selenium status in @entity1 with @entity8674 south east of Iran with large sample size and wide range of age. This study compared selenium status with other sites of the world. METHODS: In this study 369 cases that had @entity8674 for more than 5 years were enrolled in the study. Selenium level was measured in all eligible @entity1 after 12 hours fasting by graphite enstrum furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in south east of Iran in 2012. RESULTS: Of 369 cases, 333 eligible @entity1 were evaluated. Mean age was 15.63  7.4 years. One hundred ninety two cases were male and others were female (141 Cases). About 27% (90) of the cases were 5-10 years-old, 24 % (80) were 10-15 years-old and 49% were more than 15 years-old. Iron chelator in 62.2% was Dessferrioxamine, in 15.5% was Deferiprone and in 22.3% was combination of Dessferioxamine and Deferiprone. Totally 85 cases (25.52%) had @entity942 , 35.43% (118 cases) had normal levels and 39 %(130 cases) had selenium excess. CONCLUSION: Our study on 333 @entity8674 cases documented variable status of selenium from deficiency to higher than normal levels. It was different with other reports in the world.

title: The selenium status in thalassemia XXXX in South East of iran.

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['major thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['Selenium deficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To clarify the influence of @entity101 on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) we examined the relationship between blood pressure, LUTS, and the effect of @entity7477 on LUTS in @entity1 with @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: The subjects were @entity1 who had LUTS and @entity1067 . They were treated with @entity7477 (1 mg, twice-a-day) for 12 weeks. Calculation of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), measurement of blood pressure, and uroflowmetry were performed before and after 12 weeks of therapy. @entity1 were divided into a normotensive (NT) group and a @entity101 ( @entity101 ) group at the time of first examination. RESULTS: The IPSS for urinary frequency and @entity2183 in @entity1067 @entity1 (n = 21; mean age, 71 years) were significantly higher than those in the @entity1067 @entity1 (n = 21; mean age, 69 years) before the administration of @entity7477 . The total IPSS the @entity1067 @entity1 was also significantly higher than that of the @entity1067 @entity1 . There were no differences of uroflowmetric parameters between the two groups. After 12 weeks of therapy, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased in the @entity1067 @entity1 , but not in the @entity1067 @entity1 . However, the systolic pressure of the @entity1067 @entity1 was still significantly higher than that of the @entity1067 @entity1 . The score for each IPSS parameter decreased in both groups, but the difference of the score between the two groups increased. CONCLUSION: @entity101 may worsen LUTS and may decrease the improvement of symptoms by @entity7477 .

title: Influence of XXXX on lower urinary tract symptoms in @entity1067 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['BPH-NT', 'benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH', 'BPH-HT']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 were followed up at a mean of 33 months after hemiarthroplasty for @entity6342 . Of these, 13 underwent surgery within 30 days of injury and 9 after a mean of 13 months. Outcome was assessed by @entity158 , range of motion, function, stability, and strength. Results were comparable to those from specialist centers. @entity158 relief was the most predictable outcome. Mean active forward flexion was 93 degrees, active external rotation 24 degrees, and internal rotation to L1. Most @entity1 were satisfied with the outcome. The results were better in younger @entity1 . One @entity1 required a revision after 7 years for @entity1349 . The severity of the @entity174 and timing of the operation did not appear to have a bearing on the outcome. Technical problems at surgery, greater tuberosity displacement, late rotator cuff @entity397 , and poorly motivated @entity1 were the main reasons for failure.

title: Hemiarthroplasty for severe XXXX of the proximal humerus.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']