abstract: Glomerular structural modifications were measured in kidney biopsies from two follow-up studies in type-1 @entity6 @entity1 with microalbuminuria and in kidney donors. Stereologic methods were used to obtain data on glomerular composition and absolute quantities per glomerulus to supplement data on @entity2316 previously published. @entity6 @entity1 at baseline (n=37) showed significant changes compared with controls (n=11). The volume fraction of tuft/glomerulus was increased, the proportion of capillary surface facing peripheral basement membrane was decreased (0.72+/-0.04 vs 0.77+/-0.03, P=0.0008), the ratio of mesangial surfaces, urinary/capillary, was decreased (0.67+/-0.17 vs 1.11+/-0.28, @entity6585 (-4)), and the average capillary diameter was increased (8.9+/-0.9 microm vs 7.5+/-1.0 microm, P=0.0002). The total volume of mesangial extracellular material per glomerulus was increased (P=0.01), whereas glomerular volume was not significantly different from controls. Follow-up biopsies after antihypertensive treatment with ACE-inhibitor (n=7) or beta-blocker (n=6; 36-48 months) and after intensive insulin treatment (n=7; 24-33 months) showed no change. In a conventionally treated group (n=9), the glomerular volume, the volume of extracellular material/glomerulus, and the capillary length increased. The mean capillary diameter did not correlate with the glomerular volume. In conclusion, the development of @entity2316 entails structural modifications of the glomerular tuft. Antihypertensive and intensified insulin treatment seem to slow the progression of ultrastructural changes.

title: On glomerular structural alterations in type-1 XXXX . Companions of early @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Theory suggests that aversive social experiences generate emotional maladjustment because they prompt the development of a @entity56 to perceiving and overreacting to rejection. The primary aim of this study was to test hypothesized direct and indirect (via rejection sensitivity) links of overt/relational victimization and friendship conflict with early adolescents' @entity308 . @entity1 were 366 Australian early adolescents age 10-14 years (50.5 % @entity1 ). Using both a self-report and peer-report measure of rejection sensitivity, no difference was found when comparing the significant correlations of each measure with @entity308 . Tests of direct and indirect associations with structural equation modeling showed that adolescents higher in relational victimization reported more @entity308 and part of this association was by way of their greater self-reports of rejection sensitivity and their peers' identification that they were higher in rejection sensitivity. Additionally, relational victimization was the only unique correlate of emotional maladjustment, and adolescents who reported more overt victimization were identified by their peers as higher in rejection sensitivity. Finally, gender and rejection sensitivity were tested as moderators. No gender moderation was found, but friendship conflict was associated more strongly with emotional maladjustment for adolescents low, rather than high, in rejection sensitivity. These findings identify relational victimization as particularly salient for emotional maladjustment both directly and indirectly via links with elevated rejection sensitivity. They show how rejection sensitivity and aversive experiences may contribute independently and jointly to emotional maladjustment for both @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Relational victimization, XXXX : indirect associations via self and peer reports of rejection sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['loneliness and depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['loneliness and depressive symptoms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the efficacy of surgical versus percutaneous administration of skeletal myoblasts (SkM) in a @entity1707 model of chronic @entity583 and to determine the mechanism(s) involved in their beneficial effect. METHODS: Two months after induction of @entity583 ( @entity583 ), Goettingen miniature @entity1707 underwent autologous SkM transplant either by direct surgical injection (n=6) or percutaneous access and intramyocardial delivery under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance (n=6). Control animals received media alone (n=4). Functional analysis was performed by 2D echocardiography. Myoblast engraftment, in vivo cell differentiation, vessel formation, @entity82 , and the ratio between collagen type I/III deposition were analyzed in the @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) and non- @entity1188 area (NIA) by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Animals received a median of 407.55+/-115x10(6) @entity1603 -labeled autologous SkM. Myoblast transplant was associated with a statistically significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (p<0.01), increased vasculogenesis and decreased @entity82 (p<0.05), and reduced collagen type I/III ratio in the @entity1188 and NIA areas as compared with control animals. No differences were found between groups receiving SkM by percutaneous or surgical access. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that increased vasculogenesis and changes in matrix remodeling with decreased @entity82 are associated with the beneficial effect of SkM transplant in chronic @entity583 . The equivalent benefit observed from surgical and percutaneous delivery has important clinical implications.

title: A comparison between percutaneous and surgical transplantation of autologous skeletal myoblasts in a @entity1707 model of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Reduced secretion of GH and production of @entity442 ( @entity442 ) contribute to altered body composition in @entity1 @entity1240 . IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important modulators of IGF action, yet little is known regarding their role and regulation in @entity1240 . Accordingly, we measured levels of @entity10116 , an important short term modulator of IGF bioavailability that is suppressed by @entity2690 , and levels of @entity2301 , the major circulating IGF carrier protein, and examined their relationships to @entity2690 , @entity413 , IGF, and @entity9027 levels and anthropometric measures in old (63-89 yr) and young (23-39 yr) men. Serum levels of @entity10116 were increased 3-fold in old vs. young @entity1 despite high @entity2690 levels in elders. Nevertheless, @entity10116 and @entity2690 levels correlated in old and young @entity1 (r = - 0.49; P < 0.002 and r = -0.42; P < 0.025), suggesting that @entity2690 continues to play an important role in the regulation of @entity10116 in @entity1240 . @entity413 levels also were significantly inversely related to @entity10116 in old and young @entity1 (r = 0.37; P = 0.02 and r = -0.49; P < 0.01), and this relationship was not accounted for by the effect of @entity2690 . @entity442 levels were reduced by 33% in elders (P < 0.001) and correlated with @entity10116 levels among old (r = -0.40; P < 0.01), but not young, @entity1 , indicating that low GH secretion and/or @entity442 production may contribute to the elevation of @entity10116 levels in @entity1240 . @entity2301 levels were reduced among elders, but not to the same extent as @entity442 , resulting in a relative excess of @entity2301 in elders ( @entity2301 / @entity442 ratio, 20.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 15.4 +/- 1.0; P < 0.001). The @entity2301 / @entity442 ratio correlated with @entity442 levels in young and old @entity1 (r = -0.79; P < 0.001 and r = -0.82; P < 0.001), indicating that diminished GH secretion also may contribute to a relative excess of @entity2301 among elders. @entity9027 levels were low in elders, but did not correlate with IGF, IGFBP, @entity2690 , or @entity413 levels in either age group. Serum levels of @entity10116 (but not @entity12067 or @entity2301 ) correlated with body mass index and upper arm fat and muscle areas in elders. These relationships were accounted for by the effects of @entity2690 , suggesting that regulation of @entity10116 by @entity2690 may play a role in determining body composition in @entity1240 . We conclude that @entity2690 remains an important determinant of @entity10116 levels in elders, that the fasting @entity413 level is also a significant determinant of @entity10116 in both old and young subjects, and that reduced secretion of GH may contribute to impaired anabolism in @entity1240 through multiple mechanisms, including reduced production of @entity442 and alterations in circulating levels of both @entity33855 . These findings are consistent with the concept that alterations in IGFBP levels may contribute to changes in IGF bioavailability and body composition in @entity1240 .

title: Circulating levels of @entity33855 in @entity1240 @entity1 : relationships to XXXX , @entity413 , IGF, and @entity9027 levels and anthropometric measures.

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate', 'dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to characterize the positive inotropic action of colforsin daropate [corrected] @entity5209 ( @entity41344 ), a novel water-soluble @entity1928 derivative, on isolated cardiomyocytes of adult @entity35 . Simultaneous measurements of cellular contraction and intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) were carried out. The effects of @entity3044 and @entity7832 on these parameters were also determined for comparison. The contraction and maximum [ @entity141 ]i of @entity41344 -, @entity3044 -, or @entity7832 -treated cells were increased concentration dependently. Peak shortening of @entity41344 -treated cells was positively correlated with the shortening velocity and inversely with the time to peak shortening. Maximum, but not minimum, [ @entity141 ]i in @entity41344 -treated cells was correlated with the rate of increase in [ @entity141 ]i and inversely with the time to maximum [ @entity141 ]i. Similar results were obtained with @entity3044 . In contrast, @entity7832 increased both maximum and minimum [ @entity141 ]i. Treatment with either @entity41344 or @entity3044 increased cellular @entity268 content, but treatment with @entity7832 did not. These results suggest that the positive inotropic action of @entity41344 is associated with an increase in [ @entity141 ]i and acceleration of its kinetics.

title: Characterization of positive inotropic effect of colforsin daropate [correction of dapropate] @entity5209 , a water-soluble @entity1928 derivative, in isolated adult XXXX cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This paper is aimed to evaluatethe @entity3745 autoantibody (TgAb) interference in measurement of @entity3745 (Tg) between electrochemiluminescent assay (ECLIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Tg and TgAb of 84 sera, including 22 Graves' @entity1378 (GD), 24 @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) and 38 differentiated @entity259 (DTC), were measured by RIA and ECLIA, respectively. Recovery tests were carried out in 3 groups. The sera samples of the first group were added 3 different amount of Tg calibrator; the sera samples of the second group were diluted 5 times, then 100 ng/ml Tg calibrator was added; the sera samples of the third group were divided into different subgroups depending on TgAb concentration with adding 100 ng/ml Tg calibrator,Tg and TgAb were measured in each dilution by ECLIA and RIA. Recovery rate was calculated. The Tg and TgAb values measured by ECLIA were correlated with that measured by RIA (r = 0.676, P = 0.000; r = 0.677, P = 0.000, respectively). When TgAb concentration increased, the Tg values decreased by ECLIA and increased by RIA. The TgAb values were decreased when sera were diluted, and the Tg values also reduced by RIA and increased by ECLIA. The added different amount of Tg calibrator had not significant influence on Tg recovery rates. When TgAb concentration increased, recovery rates of Tg were decreased by ECLIA and increased by RIA. When sera were diluted, the recovery rates of Tg were increased by ECLIA while decreased by RIA. RIA and ECLIA have good correlation with Tg measurement in 10-400 ng/ml. ECLIA has wider measuring range and higher sensitivity than RIA. RIA and ECLIA have good correlation with TgAb measurement. When TgAb is positive, Tg values are underestimated by ECLIA and overestimated by RIA. When sera are diluted, Tg value and the recovery rate are increasing by ECLIA and decreased by RIA. Recovery test can not efficiently rectify Tg value when TgAb is positive.

title: [Research on comparison of XXXX autoantibody interference in measurement of @entity3745 between electrochemiluminescent assay and radioimmunoassay].

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto thyroiditis', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Gene) :: ['thyroglobulin']


abstract: 24 cases of adult acute @entity1778 , of which 21 were evaluable, were treated in irreversible relapse with high-dose @entity15719 and supralethal total-body irradiation (T.B.I.) in conjunction with autologous marrow transplantation (A.B.M.T.). The grafted marrow cells had been collected and stored in liquid @entity1568 at the time of remission. In 12 @entity1 the marrow cells were fractionated on discontinuous albumin gradients in an attempt to separate normal cells from residual leukaemic cells. 11 @entity1 achieved complete remission (C.R.); 7 other @entity1 had signs of engraftment but died before C.R. The median remission duration was 4 months (2-14). 6 of 9 @entity3052 @entity1 , in whom bone-marrow transplantation was the first treatment of relapse, achieved C.R. 4 of 5 @entity1 with @entity981 , whose bone-marrow cells were collected during first remission, reached C.R. Autologous bone-marrow transplantation is a valuable first treatment for @entity3052 in relapse and @entity981 in second relapse.

title: Autologous bone-marrow transplantation in relapsed adult acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity15719 :: ('MESH:C003905', 'Chemical') :: ['piperazinedione']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: @entity3646 is a key cytokine associated with @entity566 and @entity565 . Induction of cell signaling by @entity3646 involves interaction with its cognate receptors, a complex of @entity9597 with either the @entity16409 or the @entity9596 chain alpha1 (IL-13Ralpha1). We found that @entity3646 bound to the extracellular domain of @entity9597 (soluble @entity1 (sh) @entity9597 ) with high affinity and specificity. In contrast with the sequential mechanism of binding and stabilization afforded by @entity9597 to the binding of @entity4047 to IL-13Ralpha1, neither @entity16409 nor IL-13Ralpha1 contributed significantly to the stabilization of the @entity3646 : @entity9597 complex. Based on the different mechanisms of binding and stabilization of the @entity9597 and @entity9596 complexes, we compared the effects of shIL-4Ralpha and an @entity3646 double mutein ( @entity43273 / @entity43274 , @entity9597 antagonist) on @entity42482 -mediated responses. Whereas @entity9597 antagonist blocked responses to both cytokines, shIL-4Ralpha only blocked @entity3646 . However, shIL-4Ralpha stabilized and augmented @entity4047 -mediated @entity8850 activation and eotaxin production by primary @entity1 bronchial fibroblasts at suboptimal doses of @entity4047 . These data demonstrate that @entity9597 plays a key role in the binding affinity of both @entity9596 and @entity9597 complexes. Under certain conditions, shIL-4Ralpha has the potential to stabilize binding @entity4047 to its receptor to augment @entity4047 -mediated responses. Thus, complete understanding of the binding interactions between @entity3646 and @entity4047 and their cognate receptors may facilitate development of novel treatments for @entity565 that selectively target these cytokines without unpredicted or detrimental side effects.

title: @entity3646 receptor alpha is an important modulator of XXXX and @entity4047 receptor binding: implications for the development of therapeutic targets.

entities_list: @entity16409 :: ('3561', 'Gene') :: ['common gamma-chain']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: We aimed to study the effects of @entity4044 extract (EGb) on oxidative stress, astrocyte maturation and @entity73 in offspring of hyperhomocysteinemic @entity35 . @entity3562 was induced in the pregnant @entity35 by administration of @entity1853 (1   gr/kg body weight) dissolved in drinking water throughout pregnancy. One group of animals has received same amount of @entity1853 plus 100   mg/kg/day EGb during pregnancy. On the postnatal day 1, half of the pups from all groups were sacrificed to study the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in different subfractions of brain. Other half of pups were tested in Morris water maze to assess differences in learning and memory performance at the 75   days of age. @entity3562 significantly increased LPO levels especially in mitochondrial subfraction of fetal pup brains. EGb significantly prevented this LPO inrease. @entity1853 administration to animals reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein ( @entity40 ) expression in pup brains significantly. EGb administration improved @entity40 expression significantly. Offspring of hyperhomocysteinemic animals had poor long term spatial memory performance on Morris water maze and EGb administration had no effect on @entity2414 . In conclusion, maternally induced @entity3562 significantly increased oxidative stress, decreased expression of @entity40 and impaired learning performance.

title: XXXX extract inhibits oxidative stress and ameliorates impaired glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, but can not improve spatial learning in offspring from hyperhomocysteinemic @entity35 dams.

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired spatial memory']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disfunction']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['Methionine', 'methionine']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['gingko biloba']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia', 'Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Gingko biloba']


abstract: Based on clinical studies with the oral controlled-release @entity1286 preparation, MS Contin tablets (MSC, Purdue Frederick, Norwalk, CT), a series of guidelines had been previously developed to help in titration of the medication. A multiinvestigator study was undertaken to prospectively evaluate these guidelines. Thus far, 66 @entity1 have been enrolled and 47 have completed the study. Only three @entity1 (5%) discontinued because of drug-related side effects. One group of @entity1 (n = 28) as transferred to MSC from weak opioids because of inadequate @entity158 control. The other group (n = 19) had previously received strong opioids. Each @entity1 received MSC every 12 hours in accordance with specific dosing procedures designed to arrive at doses that would provide acceptable @entity1337 without unacceptable side effects. By the end of the study, approximately 75% of the @entity1 achieved @entity158 intensity scores indicating no or slight @entity158 . However, since there were no dose-limiting side effects, it is probable that more @entity1 could have achieved excellent @entity1337 if upward dose titration had continued. There was a broad range of individual total daily @entity1286 requirements. The average daily @entity1286 dose in the groups who had previously received weak and strong opioids was 110 mg and 200 mg, respectively. Side effects, although generally mild and few in number, appeared to have been inadequately treated in many cases. The results show that adherence to the guidelines results in effective @entity158 management in the majority of @entity1 . Additional issues include placing more emphasis on both rapid and complete dose titration and aggressive treatment of side effects, as well as exploration of the option of @entity1 -controlled dose titration with MSC.

title: Evaluation of dosing guidelines for the use of oral controlled-release XXXX (MS Contin tablets).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Contemporary methods for the management of @entity85 following a healed severe @entity4039 ( @entity4039 ) include @entity135 . METHODS: 18 @entity1 with chronic severe @entity4039 in the oblique plane (mean slip angle = 70  ) constituted the study group. 6 @entity1 with an open physis underwent modified Dunn capital realignment and 12 @entity1 with a closed physis underwent surgical dislocation with a @entity135 . 10 @entity1 already had an in-situ pinning. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 4.5 years (3-6 years). The mean preoperative modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and nonarthritic hip score (NAHS) were 24 and 40 respectively, followed by a score of 89 and 92 respectively at the last follow-up (p = 0.0002). Radiologically, all the parameters showed a significant correction. The mean pre- and postoperative values of alpha angle were 79.8 and 34.5 respectively (p = 0.0002); AP slip angle being 36.7 and 14.8 (p = 0.002); lateral slip angle being 54.2 and 13.6 (p = 0.0002); oblique plane slip angle being 70.7 and 20.8 (p = 0.0002) and centre trochanter distance being -6.9 and 1.2 (p = 0.002). The major complications seen were nonunion of the neck osteotomy (n = 1/12) and chondrolysis (n = 1/6) in the modified Dunn's group. The overall complication rate was 11%. There was no statistically significant difference in outcome between the 2 groups clinically and radiologically. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2249 is a potentially rewarding technique to correct severe @entity85 and restoring hip function in the short term.

title: Late correction of XXXX in healed severe @entity4039 : short-term clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['corrective neck osteotomy', 'subcapital neck osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral neck osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['neck deformities', 'neck deformity']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis', 'SCFE']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['neck deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity951 is challenging because it relies on symptom descriptions. Natural language processing (NLP) of the electronic medical record (EMR) can provide access to such information contained in free text that may not be fully captured by conventional diagnostic coding. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that NLP of the EMR improves @entity951 ascertainment over diagnostic codes. METHODS: Billing records of inpatients and outpatients were searched for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for @entity951 , chronic @entity741 , and @entity662 . EMR clinical reports were searched electronically for 50 specific nonnegated natural language synonyms to these ICD-9 codes. The 2 methods were compared to a standardized assessment of @entity951 by Rose questionnaire for 3 diagnostic levels: unspecified @entity662 , exertional @entity662 , and @entity951 . RESULTS: Compared with the Rose questionnaire, the true-positive rate of EMR-NLP for unspecified @entity662 was 62% (95% CI 55-67) versus 51% (95% CI 44-58) for diagnostic codes (P < .001). For exertional @entity662 , the EMR-NLP true-positive rate was 71% (95% CI 61-80) versus 62% (95% CI 52-73) for diagnostic codes (P = .10). Both approaches had 88% (95% CI 65-100) true-positive rate for @entity951 . The EMR-NLP method consistently identified more @entity1 with exertional @entity662 over a 28-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: EMR-NLP method improves the detection of unspecified and exertional @entity662 cases compared to diagnostic codes. These findings have implications for epidemiological and clinical studies of @entity951 .

title: Epidemiology of XXXX : role of natural language processing of the medical record.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Rose angina', 'angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between physician characteristics and the use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents after acute @entity583 in a national managed care organization. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective administrative data analysis. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 473 physicians who prescribed the medications and 578 @entity1 who (1) experienced an acute @entity583 between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 1996, with at least 1 cardiac medication claim within 7 days of hospital discharge; (2) were not previously taking beta-adrenergic blocking agents; and (3) had none of several defined contraindications to the medication. Using multivariate models, we assessed the relation between physician characteristics and initiation of beta-adrenergic blocking agent therapy, controlling for @entity1 characteristics and cardiac treatments. RESULTS: Sixty-two percent of @entity1 filled a prescription for beta-adrenergic blocking agents within 7 days of hospital discharge. Physician characteristics, including specialty and region of hospitalization, were independently associated with the use beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Family practice physicians and other noninternists were much less likely than cardiologists to prescribe beta-adrenergic blocking agents. The other most important predictors of the use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents were region of hospitalization and @entity1 age. CONCLUSIONS: Physician characteristics are associated with the use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Although there are opportunities to improve practice for all physicians, family practice physicians and noninternists have the most opportunity to improve.

title: Physician characteristics and the initiation of beta-adrenergic blocking agent therapy after acute XXXX in a managed care population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine: (i) whether the pattern of gubernacular migration can be changed by local injections of @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) in @entity35 with a normal testicular position, (ii) the effects of both endogenous and exogenous @entity4655 on contralateral gubernacular migration and (iii) whether the scrotal septum acts as a barrier to prevent gubernacular migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four groups of neonatal @entity35 were used, all of which underwent right orchidectomy with: group 1 (29 @entity35 ) division of the genitofemoral nerve (GFN) on both sides; group 2 (31 @entity35 ) division of the left GFN; group 3 (31 @entity35 ) division of the left GFN and injections of oil into the @entity4265 ; and group 4 (34 @entity35 ) division of the left GFN and injections of @entity4655 into the @entity4265 . After 26-38 days, the @entity35 were killed and the testicular positions determined. RESULTS: In @entity35 receiving no injections (groups 1 and 2), the testes were oriented further to the right side where the right GFN was not divided (group 2). With the addition of oil into the @entity4265 where the right GFN was not divided (group 3), the testes were oriented further to the left compared with those in group 2. Injections of @entity4655 into the @entity4265 in the presence of an intact right GFN (group 4) resulted in more testes where the axis was orientated to the right side of the scrotum compared with the other groups with an intact right GFN (groups 1 and 3) but this was not reflected in the mean distance from the midline, which was similar among these groups. A significant number of testes in groups 1, 2 and 4 crossed the midline. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an intact GFN on the right side where the left nerve was divided provides a directional signal influencing migration of the contralateral gubernaculum to the right side of the scrotum. Oil injected into the scrotum interferes with the normal concentration gradient of @entity4655 released from the right GFN, resulting in gubernacular migration further toward the left side. @entity4655 injections were poorly localized to the @entity4265 , resulting in gubernacular migration toward in some and away from the site of injection in others. The midline scrotal septum is not a barrier to gubernacular migration and most likely forms as a secondary event following descent of the testis.

title: Exogenous XXXX can induce the testis to cross the scrotal septum.

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiscrotum']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['calcitonin gene-related peptide', 'CGRP']

answer: @entity4655 :: (24241(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['calcitonin gene-related peptide']


abstract: In this study we describe a new monoclonal antibody (MoAb PL.1) against @entity35 platelets. Immunohistology of various @entity35 tissues showed staining of platelets, especially in the spleen, and staining of megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleen red pulp. In the liver small @entity1423 and endothelial cells were stained. After in-vivo administration of MoAb PL.1 an acute severe @entity882 was observed. In general the distribution of the antibody and/or antibody-coated @entity1423 showed the same pattern as after in-vitro incubation, i.e. staining of @entity35 platelets and @entity1423 in spleen red pulp, and staining of megakaryocytes in spleen and bone marrow. Platelet aggregates were observed in the liver and electron microscopy indicated that they were associated with Kupffer cells. Furthermore, liver endothelial cells were positively stained. Comparison of the molecular weight of the antigens recognized by this MoAb and by human anti-platelet MoAbs, as well as comparison of staining patterns of megakaryocytes indicated that MoAb PL.1 is probably directed to a GPIIb/IIIa complex analogue. Since MoAb PL.1 is of the non-complement-binding mouse IgG1 isotype, it can be used for studying clearance of @entity1423 by Fc-receptors of the MPS. It also promises to be a useful tool in the study of platelet involvement in @entity35 with experimental @entity1310 .

title: A monoclonal antibody against XXXX platelets. I. Tissue distribution in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregates']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The role of @entity842 (NO) in @entity632 ( @entity3105 ; @entity5 chemotherapeutic)-induced @entity1370 is well established. In skeletal muscle (SM), NO regulation plays a critical role in health, biogenesis, and function. Despite the increasing evidence that indicates the negative impact of @entity3105 on SM function, the effect of @entity3105 on NO production in SM has yet to be examined. The purpose of the current study was to simultaneously examine intracellular and interstitial NO concentrations in the SM following the administration of @entity3105 . A single dose of 1.5 or 4.5  mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally to male @entity35 , and interstitial (IS) and intracellular (IC) NO was quantified every 24 up to 192  h post-injection. There was no significant difference in IC NO following the injection of 1.5  mg/kg @entity3105 when compared to the control; however, the administration of 4.5  mg/kg @entity3105 resulted in lower (P   <   0.05) concentrations of NO in the IC. Interestingly, a consistently higher (P   <   0.05) concentration of NO in the IS was established following the administration of 1.5  mg/kg compared to the control while no significant changes in IS NO resulted from the administration of the 4.5  mg/kg dose. The fluctuation of IS and IC NO was not a result of substrate availability as @entity369 concentrations remained stable throughout the experiment. By utilizing the microdialysis technique, we have simultaneously quantified for the first time the IS and IC concentrations of NO in SM following @entity3105 administration. These data provide important insight in the possible mechanisms leading to @entity3105 -related @entity121 .

title: @entity632 chemotherapy affects intracellular and interstitial @entity842 concentrations in skeletal muscle : Effect of XXXX on intracellular and interstitial NO in skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['SM dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: To assess the capability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to define the presence, degree, and distribution of apical @entity1121 in @entity1 of European descent, MRI examination was prospectively performed in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1121 on two-dimensional echocardiography. Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity1184 located exclusively at the cardiac apex were the object of this study. @entity7959 echo and gradient echo sequences were performed to evaluate the morphology, motility, and myocardial thickness of the left ventricle in diastole. In a short-axis gradient echo sequences from base to apex, septal, lateral, anterior, and posterior segments at the basal and apical levels were measured. A four-chamber view and horizontal long-axis images of the left ventricle were performed to measure the true apex. A concentric, symmetric distribution of @entity1184 myocardium was considered when the thickness was 1.5 cm or greater, with the four segments being affected to a similar degree. @entity1184 was considered when the wall thickness ratio was more than 1.3. Myocardial thicknesses at the apical level were 2.03 +/- 0.60 cm (mean +/- standard deviation) at the true apex; the septal thickness was 1.19 +/- 0.46 cm; lateral, 1.62 +/- 0.71 cm; anterior, 1.36 +/- 0.57 cm; and posterior, 1.28 +/- 0.53 cm. Based on the MRI findings, the distribution of apical @entity1184 was classified as symmetric (n = 2), asymmetric (n = 18), and true apex (n = 5). A spadelike configuration of the left ventricle was observed in only five cases. MRI demonstrates that in Western @entity1 the morphologic spectrum of apical @entity296 is quite wide and includes @entity1283 exclusively localized at the true apex.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of apical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic', 'Asymmetric hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the different clinical effects of using 5 kinds of hemostatic surgeries to manage the intractable postpartum @entity548 and analyse the risk factors of failed hemostasis. METHODS: From Jan. 2007 to Jul. 2011, 96 @entity1 with intractable postpartum @entity548 were studied retrospectively and grouped by the first step surgical treatment. The hemostatic surgeries included uterine tamponade (tamponade group), pelvic blood vessels ligation (ligation group), pelvical @entity1416 (embolization group), uterine compression sutures (sutures group) and uterine compression sutures combining tamponade (combined group). The intraoperative and postoperation datum were compared among groups, so dose the treatment outcomes. Multivariate analysis were used for failed hemostasis. RESULTS: (1) The @entity190 of 96 @entity1 ranged from 1200 to 9100 ml, and 71 @entity1 had a succeed hemoatasis after employing these surgeries and 25 failed. (2) The @entity190 before hemostasis surgeries in tamponade group and embolization group was statistically greater than in sutures group (P < 0.05). @entity190 during the hemostasis surgeries in ligation group was statistically greater than in embolization and sutures groups (P < 0.05). The operating time of embolization group was statistically shorter than ligation group, sutures group and the combined group (P < 0.05). (3) Fine of 96 @entity1 had uterine atony and 43 had a successful hemostasis with the success rate about 78%. Forty-six had placenta previa and 39 success with success rate 85%. Thirty-three had placenta accrete and 13 of which succeed in hemostasis with success rate about 39%. In @entity1 with @entity5030 , the difference of hemostasis rate in groups had no statistically significant (P > 0.05). In @entity1 with placenta accrete, the hemostasis rate in embolization group was higher than in others groups (P < 0.01). (4) The multivariate analysis found that scar uterus, placenta accrete and @entity3459 were the risk factors of failed hemotasis. The OR value respectively was 2.9 (95%CI: 1.1 - 7.6), 17.9 (95%CI: 5.6 - 56.3) and 16.2 (95%CI: 3.2 - 83.5). Embolization had some extent of protective effection (OR = 0.9, 95%CI: 0.8 - 0.9). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Five kinds of hemostatic surgeries were all effective. Though the success rate among groups did show statistical difference, pelvical @entity1416 has the comparative advantage of shorter operating time, less operating @entity190 and higher success rate in placenta accrete. (2) Since scar uterus, placenta accrete and @entity3459 were the risk factors of failed hemostasis, sufficient preparation should be made for @entity1 with these risk factors and the hemostatic surgeries should be choosed individually.

title: [A comparison of the effectiveness of five types of hemostatic surgeries for intractable postpartum XXXX and the factors of failed hemostasis].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['uterine atony and placenta previa']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation defects']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: ELAV-like proteins regulate mRNA stability and/or translation. We evaluated whether inclusion of binding sites for ELAV-like @entity39267 proteins in vector cassettes could improve transgene expression in the salivary gland. METHODS: Western blots and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine whether @entity39267 protein was expressed in salivary cells and tissue. @entity39267 binding sites were inserted into the pACEF1a-luc-BGH expression plasmid. Cell lines were transfected with plasmids in vitro and luciferase expression measured. @entity35 submandibular glands were transfected in vivo with plasmids containing ELAV-like @entity39267 protein-binding sites. An adenoviral vector with @entity10740 ELAV-like @entity39267 protein-binding site was generated and also tested in vivo. Four unique 29mer @entity39267 shRNA constructs were used in A5 cells to evaluate whether there was a specific interaction between @entity39267 protein and the @entity10740 @entity39267 protein-binding site. RESULTS: Salivary cells express @entity39267 protein. Inclusion of the @entity10740 ELAV-like @entity39267 protein-binding site resulted in high luciferase activity in salivary cells in vitro, with similar results in vivo. In vitro shRNA data demonstrated that the high luciferase activity was mediated by the interaction between @entity39267 protein and the @entity10740 @entity39267 protein-binding site. The AdEF1a-luc-p53BGH, including this binding site, mediated very high luciferase activity, ~4-fold that seen with the @entity2834 promoter, in @entity35 submandibular glands. CONCLUSIONS: Including the @entity10740 ELAV-like protein-binding site in transgene cassettes may enhance therapeutic vectors intended for use with salivary glands.

title: Including the @entity10740 ELAV-like protein-binding site in vector cassettes enhances transgene expression in XXXX submandibular gland.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We have analyzed the mechanism of sex determination in the germ line of @entity238 by manipulating three parameters: (1) the ratio of X-chromosomes to sets of autosomes (X:A); (2) the state of activity of the gene @entity21704 ( @entity21704 ), and (3) the sex of the @entity444 . To this end, animals with a ratio of 2X:2A and 2X:3A were sexually transformed into pseudomales by mutations at the sex-determining genes @entity21704 ( @entity21704 ), @entity37616 (transformer), @entity37617 ( @entity37617 ), or @entity37618 (double-sex). Animals with the karyotype 2X;3A were also transformed into pseudofemales by the constitutive mutation SxlM1. The sexual phenotype of the gonads and of the germ cells was assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. Confirming the conclusions of Steinmann-Zwicky et al. (Cell 57, 157, 1989), we found that all three parameters affect sex determination in germ cells. In contrast to the soma in which sex determination is completely cell-autonomous, sex determination in the germ line has a non-autonomous component inasmuch as the sex of the soma can influence the sexual pathway of the germ cells. Somatic induction has a clear effect on 2X;2A germ cells that carry a @entity21704 + allele. These cells, which form eggs in an ovary, can enter spermatogenesis in testes. Mutations that cause partial loss of function or gain of function of @entity21704 thwart somatic induction and, independently of the sex of the soma, dictate spermatogenesis or oogenesis, respectively. Somatic induction has a much weaker effect on 2X;3A germ cells. This ratio is essentially a male signal for germ cells which consistently enter spermatogenesis in testes, even when they carry SxlM1. In a female soma, however, SxlM1 enables the 2X;3A germ cells to form almost normal eggs. Our results show that sex determination in the germ line is more complex than in the soma. They provide further evidence that the state of @entity21704 , the key gene for sex determination and dosage compensation in the soma, also determines the sex of the germ cells, and that, in the germ line, the state of activity of @entity21704 is regulated not only by the X:A ratio, but also by somatic inductive stimuli.

title: Sex determination in the germ line of XXXX depends on genetic signals and inductive somatic factors.

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal soma']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: We report an 18-year-old @entity1 with a posterior fossa @entity5 who had to undergo a partial resection of the @entity5 and supportive radiation therapy. Functional @entity129 , particularly the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves, associated with severe @entity1282 and refractory @entity1174 were seen postoperatively. The admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) resulted from increasing @entity1576 accompanied by recurrent septic episodes. Nutritional support via nasogastric tube and later percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) were hampered by complications such as persistent @entity1244 , @entity1909 surrounding the entrance of the @entity970 tube, and the development of duodenal @entity1066 . Furthermore, the use of continuous subglottic @entity1173 failed to prevent @entity358 . After a 9-week stay in the ICU due to inadequate antimicrobial therapy of @entity1174 and the @entity1 's persistent @entity295 , a temporary surgical separation of airway and food passages was performed by glottic closure. Subsequently chronic @entity1173 stopped, and 3 months after admission to the ICU, the @entity1 had stable vital organ function and was transferred to a surgical ward free of @entity281 . Glottic closure was reversed successfully 7 months later. When compared with laryngeal function on admission, there was no more impairment. Thus, temporary glottic closure seems to be an efficacious treatment to prevent life-threatening septic complications in @entity1 with refractory @entity1174 .

title: Management of XXXX and chronic @entity1173 by glottic closure procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['deficits of the lower cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing disorders']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['local dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['swallowing disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity3638 affects the association between a positive urine @entity3542 test and a positive urine culture. METHODS: We conducted an institutional review board-approved, retrospective review of 12 months of @entity1 data, compiling information for @entity1 having urinalysis, urine culture, and total serum @entity648 . @entity1 were divided into 3 groups according to total serum @entity648 : less than 1.5 mg/dL, 1.5 to 3.0 mg/dL, and greater than 3.0 mg/dL. The point estimates and 95% confidence intervals of the sensitivity, specificity, false-positive proportion (proportion of false positive to all positive tests), and other test characteristics of urine @entity3542 as an indicator of @entity293 were calculated and tested for trend as a function of the 3 total serum @entity648 ranges. RESULTS: Three thousand one hundred seventy-four @entity1 met our study criteria. Specificity of the @entity3542 test decreased as a function of increasing total serum @entity648 (0.974, 0.966, and 0.855 for the 3 total @entity648 levels, respectively) with a significant trend (P < .0001). There was no significant trend in comparable sensitivity values (0.380, 0.417, and 0.241, respectively) with P = .55. The false-positive proportion also increased as a function of total serum @entity648 (17.5%, 17.3%, and 72.0%) with P < .0001. Thus, if a @entity1 's total serum @entity648 was elevated to the point of @entity1087 (>3.0 mg/dL), it was approximately 4 times more likely that a positive urine @entity3542 test would be a "false positive" (ie, @entity3542 -positive/culture-negative) compared with those with normal serum @entity648 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Specificity of the urine @entity3542 test for @entity293 decreases as a function of increasing serum @entity648 . Most @entity1 with @entity3638 and a positive @entity3542 test in our sample did not have an associated @entity293 .

title: Is there a link between XXXX and elevated urine @entity3542 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity3638 :: (MESH:D006932,Disease) :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A Japanese study had earlier reported that @entity9677 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with @entity2316 . To further investigate this finding, we analysed three SNPs, @entity12495 , @entity12496 and @entity44515 , within the @entity9677 locus for association with @entity633 among Chinese @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 residing in Singapore. @entity633 was analysed as both categorical (micro- and macroalbuminuria) and continuous traits (log(e) albumin/ @entity1011 ratio [ACR]). METHODS: A total of 752 Chinese @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were included in the study. @entity633 was determined by ACR using spot urine samples, and renal function was approximated using estimated GFR. Genotyping was performed using invader and Taqman assays as appropriate. Multivariate regression analyses were used to analyse the associations between SNPs and renal traits. RESULTS: Significant associations were detected between @entity44515 and macroalbuminuria (p < 0.001, corrected p < 0.01), as well as log(e) ACR (p = 0.004, corrected p = 0.036) after multiple hypothesis testing and adjustment for potential confounding. A trend of increasing OR was observed with increasing severity of @entity2316 (low and high microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria). @entity12496 , previously implicated in the earlier Japanese study, was also associated with macroalbuminuria, but this finding did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. Meta-analyses of the Chinese and Japanese studies revealed both SNPs to be significantly associated with macroalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Together with the previous Japanese study, our findings support the hypothesis that, in addition to @entity9677 being an established @entity164 2 @entity6 gene, genetic variation in this gene may contribute to susceptibility to @entity2316 in East Asians.

title: @entity9677 SNPS and susceptibility to XXXX in East Asians with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: We studied the effects of altered ventilatory drives on the activity of the whole phrenic nerve and single phrenic motoneurons in @entity235 anesthetized with @entity4486 and paralyzed with @entity9563 . Single phrenic motoneurons were classified as either late-onset or early-onset motoneurons (LOM and EOM, respectively), depending on the time of onset of their activity during inspiration. Increase in ventilatory drive was induced by altering chemical drive with changes in arterial blood gases and also by altering the vagal afferent contribution to ventilatory drive. The latter was accomplished by inducing @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) during @entity871 . Whole phrenic nerve activity was increased by both types of increase in ventilatory drive. In both cases, changes in the firing pattern of LOMs and EOMs were responsible for the increased phrenic output. The changes in post- @entity1151 firing pattern of the LOMs generally consisted of a shift in the time of onset to an earlier point in inspiration and an increase in the number of spikes per inspiratory cycle. Vagotomy abolished the difference between the contributions of LOMs and EOMs to the phrenic response to @entity1151 . Data from @entity235 studied while they were breathing spontaneously were qualitatively the same as those from the paralyzed animals, indicating no major role for phasic volume feedback in these responses. Our data regarding altered chemical drive are similar to those reported earlier in other species, whereas those regarding @entity1151 demonstrate that vagally mediated increases in ventilatory drive affect both LOMs and EOMs, although LOMs are affected to a greater degree.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Responses of single phrenic motoneurons to altered ventilatory drives in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['gallamine triethiodide']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PGE', 'pulmonary gas embolism']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: From 1983-1989, 106 @entity1 with @entity0 were treated in our @entity158 management unit on 6767 treatment days. @entity158 was caused by bone @entity3 in 73% of @entity1 . @entity9 was reported by 32% of the @entity1 . In all but four of these @entity1 , new @entity5 growth was diagnosed. @entity1 were treated according to WHO analgesic guidelines with non-opioids on 16% of the days, non-opioids in combination with weak opioids on 36% and with strong opioids on 38% (orally 90%, parenterally 4% of the days). Due to the prevalence of @entity158 non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs were given on 56% of the days. The high incidence of @entity9 led to frequent use of co-analgesics (antidepressants 17%, anticonvulsants 12%, @entity230 12% of the days). Adjuvant therapy for symptoms other than @entity158 was given on 86% of the days. Whilst 92% of @entity1 reported more than moderate @entity158 on admission, 45% obtained complete @entity158 relief beginning from the first days of treatment. On 92% of the days, @entity1 described their @entity158 as moderate or less. Side effects were treated symptomatically and played a minor role in a reason to change therapy.

title: [Therapy for symptomatic XXXX in @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: A total of 752 fecal specimens collected from July 2004 to June 2005 from @entity1 with @entity697 in four localities in Japan (Maizuru, Tokyo, Sapporo, and Osaka) were screened for @entity7414 by RT-PCR. It was found that 82 (10.9%) specimens were positive for @entity7414 . The G-(VP7 genotypes) and P-(VP4 genotypes) types were further investigated. The P-types of 18 rotavirus strains, which could not be typed by RT-PCR, were determined by sequencing analysis. Of these, 94% (17/18) were P[8] with multiple point mutations at the VP4 primer-binding site. Another sample turned out to be a rare genotype P[9], which was closely related to feline rotavirus. The predominant genotype was G1P[8] (46.4%), followed by G3P[8] (32.9%) and G2P[4] (12.2%). A number of unusual combinations including, G1P[4] (1.2%), G2P[8] (1.2%), G3P[9] (1.2%), G1G3P[8] (1.2%), and G2G3P[8] (3.7%), were also detected. A new nomenclature of P[8] was proposed, in which worldwide rotavirus P[8] strains were classified into four sub-lineages, namely IA, IB, IIA, and IIB. A wide range of @entity535 substitutions (up to 22) specific for P[8] lineages and sub-lineages were also identified. Interestingly, only short @entity535 motifs located at positions 32-35, 121-135, and 195-236 of VP4 correctly defined the phylogenetic P[8] lineages and sub-lineages. Of note, at least two distinct clusters of rotavirus P[8] were co-circulating in the Japanese pediatric population studied.

title: Genetic characterization of @entity7414 strains circulating among XXXX with @entity697 in Japan in 2004-2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity7414 :: ('28875', 'Species') :: ['group A rotavirus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The objective here was to evaluate the acute effects of induced @entity625 on synovial fluid (SF) levels of @entity37287 in @entity1641 . To evaluate @entity37116 activities and the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) bufexamac during remission from @entity625 . @entity625 was induced in 24 Standardbred @entity1641 using 20 mg of @entity2379 as a single intra-articular (IA) injection in the right intercarpal joint. After 1 week and 2 weeks, @entity1641 were treated intra-articularly with 10, 20, or 40 mg of bufexamac suspension or with sterile saline solution as control. SF was sampled prior to induction and at weekly intervals for 5 weeks. Fluids were evaluated for @entity37288 and @entity37289 activity by gelatin zymography or for @entity37290 immunoreactivity by Western Blotting. IA injection of @entity2379 consistently resulted in significant increase in the immunoreactivity of @entity37290 and activity of both the latent and the active forms of @entity37116 , among which the active form of @entity37288 increased the most. @entity37289 levels declined to pre-induction levels within 2 weeks, whereas levels of @entity37288 remained still high after 5 weeks. Treatment with bufexamac did not significantly affect levels of gelatinolytic MMP. Results suggest that after @entity625 of @entity1641 , elevated MMP activity is present in the joint, for several weeks, to a degree that could promote cartilage degradation, and treatment with the NSAID bufexamac is not likely to affect that. Furthermore, analysing levels of @entity37289 activity and especially levels of active forms of @entity37288 activity may be valuable to predict the time of occurrence of @entity625 in @entity1641 .

title: Changes in XXXX activity and @entity37290 reactivity after @entity2379 induced synovitis and treatment with bufexamac.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['acute arthritis', 'arthritis', 'Aseptic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

answer: @entity37116 :: (100033948;100056599,Gene) :: ['MMP-2 and -9']


abstract: During late seventies it became apparent that the appearance of antiphospholipid antibodies is associated with @entity1031 manifestations, such as cerebral or @entity583 , @entity1151 , @entity1150 , intrauterine fetal losses and @entity882 . The term @entity1701 has been used to define this set of pathologic features. Recognition of this syndrome has spread worldwide as its clinical implications have become appreciated. Recent studies showed that cofactor, @entity9500 ( @entity9500 ) is required for binding of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) raised in the @entity1 with @entity1252 and related other @entity792 . However, this finding has generated considerable controversy. Four different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the specificity of aCL: (1) CL is directly recognized by aCL; (2) the @entity9500 -CL complex is the structure recognized by aCL; (3) the @entity9500 is the actual target antigen for aCL but is cryptic in the absence of CL; and (4) the actual epitope for aCL appears on the native structure of @entity9500 . We showed that aCL bound to @entity9500 interacting with poly-oxygenated plates and in the absence of CL, an interaction which depends on introduction of @entity26 atoms on the @entity852 surface. We also showed that the @entity9500 bound to CL via a particular region on the fifth domain, namely C281KNKEKKC288, and the tertiary structure of the region is involved in binding to phospholipid. Several mechanisms to explain the @entity1317 and @entity715 associated with aCL have been proposed, primarily based on their phospholipid reactivity to activated platelets. Whether aCL-through binding to complex of @entity9500 and negatively charged phospholipid in the phospholipid-dependent coagulation reactions of hemostasis contribute to the increased risk of @entity715 in @entity1 with aCL is an important question in need of an answer. We have demonstrated the possibility that not only activated platelets but also oxidized lipoproteins, e.g., low-density lipoprotein (LDL), may be @entity465 which recognize the altered @entity9500 structure.

title: [Autoantibodies and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9500 :: ('350', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-glycoprotein I', 'beta 2-GPI']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['thrombogenic targets of aCL']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECT: Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) has gained increasing relevance in the treatment of metastatic @entity1313 , but many @entity3 contain a large cystic component and often exceed the size limit for GKS. For such lesions, the authors adopted a procedure in which stereotactic aspiration is first performed and followed immediately by GKS on the same day. In this paper, the authors describe this 1-day combined procedure and evaluate its efficacy. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2010, 25 cystic metastases in 25 @entity1 were treated at Dokkyo Medical University. The @entity1 first underwent MRI and stereotactic aspiration of the cyst while stationary in a Leksell stereotactic frame; immediately afterward, the @entity1 underwent a second MR imaging session and Gamma Knife treatment. @entity5 volume reduction, @entity5 control rate, and overall survival were examined. RESULTS: @entity5 volume, including the cystic component, decreased from 8.0-64.2 cm(3) (mean 20.3 cm(3)) to 3.0-36.2 cm(3) (mean 10.3 cm(3)) following aspiration, and the volume of 24 of 25 lesions decreased to less than 16.6 cm(3), which is equivalent to the volume of a 3.16-cm sphere. At least 20 Gy was delivered to the entire lesion in 24 of 25 cases. @entity5 control was obtained in 16 of 21 cases that could be evaluated during a median follow-up period of 11 months (range 1-27 months); however, reaccumulation of cyst contents was observed in 2 @entity1 who required Ommaya reservoir placement. CONCLUSIONS: The 1-day aspiration plus GKS procedure is an effective and time-efficient treatment for large cystic brain metastases.

title: Effectiveness of a 1-day aspiration plus Gamma Knife surgery procedure for metastatic XXXX with a cystic component.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Good tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous clinical studies have shown that direct antithrombins can accelerate clot lysis after treatment with streptokinase in @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Efegatran is a new direct antithrombin, which in experimental animals has been shown to enhance thrombolysis, reduce rate of reocclusion, and limit @entity1188 size. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of @entity37912 plus streptokinase versus heparin plus accelerated @entity1456 ( @entity865 ) in coronary reperfusion in acute @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In this randomized, dose-finding study (n = 245), we initially explored 4 doses of @entity37912 in combination with streptokinase (1.5 million U) given intravenously within 12 hours of symptom onset. The optimal dosage group of 0.5 mg/kg per hour was expanded and compared with heparin plus accelerated @entity865 . The primary end point was complete patency (Thrombolysis In @entity583 [TIMI] grade 3) at 90 minutes after thrombolytic therapy, assessed in a core angiographic laboratory. @entity1188 (TIMI grade 2 or 3) and complete patency (TIMI grade 3) were 73% and 40% in the efegatran/streptokinase group versus 79% and 53% in the heparin/ @entity865 group (P = not significant). In-hospital mortality rate was 5% for the efegatran/streptokinase group versus 0% for the heparin/ @entity865 group (P = not significant). Major @entity548 occurred in 23% of @entity1 in the efegatran/streptokinase group versus 11% in the heparin/ @entity865 group (P = not significant). No @entity932 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of efegatran plus streptokinase is not superior to the current therapy of heparin and accelerated @entity865 in achieving early patency. In addition, there is no indication that this experimental treatment can achieve better clinical outcome.

title: XXXX as an adjunct to streptokinase versus heparin as an adjunct to @entity1456 in @entity1 with @entity583 . ESCALAT Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity37912 :: ('MESH:C064289', 'Chemical') :: ['efegatran', 'efegatran sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct-related vessel patency', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity37912 :: (MESH:C064289,Chemical) :: ['Efegatran sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess processes of care for @entity1 with @entity6 undergoing elective surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted to determine frequency of perioperative @entity413 monitoring, changes in @entity413 control, and treatment of intraoperative @entity4854 . RESULTS: A total of 268 @entity1 underwent 287 elective procedures. Mean age was 67 years, 63% were @entity1 , 97% had @entity164 2 @entity6 , and most (57%) were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. Average perioperative time was approximately 8 h. Mean preoperative hemoglobin A1c was 7.0%; however, this value was checked in only 52% of cases. A @entity413 measurement was obtained in 89% of cases in the preoperative area and in 87% in the postanesthesia care unit, but in only 33% of cases did a value get checked intraoperatively. Average @entity413 was 139 mg/dl preoperatively, increasing to 166 mg/dl postoperatively (p <.001). @entity413 levels increased regardless of @entity164 of outpatient medical therapy used to treat @entity4854 , except for those on combination oral agents plus insulin (p =.06). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate suboptimal documentation of outpatient hemoglobin A1c. Intraoperative @entity413 monitoring seldom occurred, despite prolonged periods under anesthesia and perioperative deterioration of glycemic control. Standards need to be developed and interventions are needed to enhance management of @entity6 @entity1 undergoing elective procedures.

title: Perioperative management of XXXX with @entity6 undergoing ambulatory elective surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. Sixteen @entity1 with chronic @entity3617 and @entity1224 were given radioactive @entity1568 ( @entity36882 ) by intravenous injection and by inhalation, while breathing air and after 10-20 min breathing 30% @entity26 . The clearance of @entity36882 from four zones of each @entity1 's whole lung field was monitored. 2. The @entity36882 clearance of each region in these @entity1 with chronic @entity3617 was much slower than in normal subjects. @entity26 breathing produced a significant delay in the clearance of intravenously administered @entity36882 in 23 zones in 10 @entity1 but no systematic change in clearance after inhaled @entity36882 . 3. With inhalation of 30% @entity26 there was no no significant change in the mean minute ventilation, tidal volume or arterial PCO2. 4. The results suggest that local @entity519 vasoconstriction is present in some @entity1 on breathing air and that this is relieved by 30% @entity26 , resulting in a diversion of local blood flow from well-ventilated to more poorly ventilated areas. The fall in VA/Q on 30% @entity26 is insufficient to increase arterial PCO2.

title: Effect of 30% XXXX on local matching of perfusion and ventilation in chronic @entity1224 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airways obstruction']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) in Australia, and the assessment and management practices of their pediatricians. METHODS: A 2-week practice audit was conducted in a large representative sample of Australian general/community pediatricians. Pediatricians completed an audit form for all @entity1 seen. Demographic details, diagnoses, treatments, and referrals made were recorded for each consultation. RESULTS: A total of 199 pediatricians completed the audit (response rate 66%). There were 1528 consultations with @entity1 with @entity71 . Eighty percent of the subjects were male, and mean age at diagnosis was 9.1 years (range 3-19 years). Most @entity1 (60%) had 1 or more comorbidity identified, although the reported rates of @entity148 (8%) and @entity952 (15%) were lower than expected. @entity1 with @entity71 were more likely than @entity1 with other diagnoses to be seen in private practice settings (76% vs. 65%; P < .001). @entity1 with @entity71 were referred to numerous services at diagnosis, most commonly psychology (32%). Stimulant medication or @entity4678 was prescribed for 40% at initial diagnosis and 80% at continuing consultation. Overall, @entity2727 was the most common medication prescribed (63%), with a minority prescribed @entity2254 , @entity4678 , or @entity1338 . Eighteen percent were prescribed 2 or more medications. Medication prescription was predicted by age but not by gender or socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: @entity71 is the most frequent diagnosis seen by Australian pediatricians, with some @entity1 being seen into early adult life. Comorbidities appear to be inconsistently identified, with some possibly underdiagnosed. Older @entity1 are more likely to be prescribed medication.

title: Current Australian pediatric practice in the assessment and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity4678 :: ('MESH:C041930', 'Chemical') :: ['atomoxetine']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorder']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) remains a major public health challenge in South Africa. However, little attention is paid to the impact of @entity283 ( @entity283 ) among @entity378 @entity1 at the beginning and at the end of @entity378 treatment. This study assesses factors associated with @entity283 among @entity378 @entity1 in three high risk provinces in South Africa. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted at primary health care settings. @entity1 completed the @entity283 social functioning (SF)-12 health survey. Comparison of Physical Health Summary Score (PCS) and Mental Health Summary Score (MCS) was assessed at 6 months after treatment. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to examine the factors associated with changes in @entity283 . RESULTS: In all @entity1 , after 6 months of treatment there was a significant improvement in @entity283 with the biggest increase in the PCS. A higher educational qualification had a strong significant positive effect on the mental @entity283 . @entity458 showed a significant negative association with physical and mental @entity283 after six months. Permanent residence showed a significant positive association with mental @entity283 among @entity378 @entity1 compared to those living in shack/traditional dwellings. Rating ones health as being good and fair/poor was significantly associated with poor physical @entity283 . Twenty drinks or more in the past month had a significant negative effect on the physical @entity283 . CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that programmes targeted at improving @entity378 treatment success should have specific interventions for @entity1 with low educational background, impoverished households/communities and those with hazardous or harmful @entity285 use.

title: Change in Health-Related Quality of Life among XXXX @entity1 at Primary Health Care Settings in South Africa: A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parietaria judaica pollen is one of the main causes of @entity56 in the Mediterranean area and contains two major allergens, called Par j 1 and Par j 2. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of natural and recombinant forms of Par j 1 and Par j 2 in comparison with standardized P. judaica pollen extract. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 @entity56 to P. judaica pollen and 15 control @entity1 were investigated. Skin prick tests and determination of specific IgE levels were performed with commercial P. judaica extract, natural Par j 1 and Par j 2, and recombinant forms of both allergens expressed in @entity10056 . RESULTS: The whole group of @entity1 with @entity566 to P. judaica had a positive skin test reaction to purified nPar j 1-Par j 2 and rPar j 2 at 5 microg/mL, and no false-positive reactions were detected. Natural and recombinant Par j 1 and Par j 2 showed no significantly different responses in skin tests compared with P. judaica extract. A high correlation was found between the serum-specific IgE levels to P. judaica extract vs. natural (R=0.996; P<0.001) and recombinant allergens (R=0.887 and 0.982 for rPar j 1 and rPar j 2, respectively; P<0.001). rPar j 2 displayed a 100% sensitivity and specificity among P. judaica- @entity56 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In vivo and in vitro diagnosis of P. judaica pollen @entity566 could be simplified using rPar j 2. This protein showed comparable IgE response and skin prick reactivity with those produced by P. judaica pollen extract.

title: Diagnosis of Parietaria judaica pollen XXXX using natural and recombinant Par j 1 and Par j 2 allergens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: In our centre, during the last five years, emergency operations (within 6 hours) and urgent operations (within 72 hours) have represented 1/4 of all coronary surgery. 295 @entity1 (pts) have been operated on since 1972: of these, 279 with simple revascularization, 5 with combined major surgery, and 11 as a consequence of mechanical complications of @entity583 . These last were all in @entity1455 : the overall 30-day mortality rate was 5.4% (3.6% in those pts with simple revascularization, 20% in those with combined major surgery, and 45.4% in pts with @entity1455 ). In the subgroup with simple revascularization, the incidence of non fatal perioperative @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was 4.7% in 253 pts with @entity1459 , 52.2% in 23 pts with abrupt closure during coronary angioplasty, and obviously 100% in 3 pts surgically treated during evolving @entity583 . We were able to identify in the univariate analysis as the only 30-day risk mortality factors: 1) a reduced ejection fraction (< 30%) and 2) the combination with endarterectomy. Other factors (female sex, age > 70, severity of @entity951 , @entity453 and more than 3 by pass grafts) have shown a tendency to increase the mortality rate without statistical significance. No @entity204 occurred in pts revascularized in emergency situations due to @entity301 . In recent years emergency and urgent coronary surgical operations have been increasing, with an increase in pts with higher risk factors. In pts with simple revascularization, 30-day mortality and incidence of @entity583 are similar to those of elective surgery. In pts with abrupt closure as a consequence of coronary angioplasty the mortality rate seems very low, while the incidence of @entity1188 remains extremely high. These observations have allowed the development of an integrated protocol of intervention in acute unstable coronary syndromes.

title: [Emergency surgery of acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary angioplasty complications']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary insufficiency']


abstract: This review focuses on the clinical development of the prototype broad spectrum inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), @entity13449 , now undergoing Phase II single-agent trials and Phase I combination trials (with @entity1311 and @entity900 ). Preclinically, @entity13449 is a potent inhibitor of @entity43954 in cell-free assays (IC(50)in the region of 100 nM) and @entity5 cell growth in vitro (typical IC(50)in the region of 100 nM). The drug showed in vivo antitumour activity (using iv., ip. or oral dosing) against a variety of @entity1 @entity5 xenografts, especially when administered on a regular daily, rather than weekly, schedule and most notably against @entity263 , @entity135 , @entity1893 and @entity1778 . The major @entity137 observed in rodents were on the bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract. Pharmacokinetics were linear with dose and with a bi-exponential decline both in rodents and @entity1 . Oral bioavailability in rodents is in the region of 20%. Glucuronidation appears to be the major route of metabolism. Single-agent clinical trials have mainly used a 72 h continuous infusion schedule. Dose-limiting @entity137 were @entity294 and @entity551 . Plasma concentrations in excess of those required for in vitro enzyme or cell growth inhibition are achievable. While there has been some evidence of single-agent antitumour activity (partial responses in a @entity1 with @entity703 and another with @entity356 ), ongoing combination studies, especially with @entity1311 , where preclinical synergistic antitumour effects are observed, are promising. Doubt as to whether CDKs are the sole target responsible for the drug's antitumour effects have been raised by preclinical observations of apoptosis of non-cycling cells, effects on endothelial cells and non-CDK proteins, such as @entity264 dehydrogenase and glycogen phosphorylase, potent effects on PTEFb and transcription and its ability to directly interact with DNA.

title: XXXX , the first cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor to enter the clinic: current status.

entities_list: @entity13449 :: ('MESH:C077990', 'Chemical') :: ['flavopiridol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity13449 :: (MESH:C077990,Chemical) :: ['Flavopiridol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1 with @entity5575 . DESIGN: Noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Seven consecutive @entity1 with bilateral @entity5575 between 2 days and 2.5 years of age. METHODS: In addition to basic outpatient examination, eyes were imaged using @entity1347 OCT. @entity1347 and corneal thicknesses were evaluated from the images. Three @entity1 also underwent evaluation under anesthesia, including measurement of corneal thickness with ultrasound pachymetry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluation of the type and severity of the @entity5575 based on the findings in @entity1347 OCT. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 14 eyes could be imaged using @entity1347 OCT. The youngest @entity1 studied was only 2 days old. Three distinct phenotypes were found based on the @entity1347 OCT findings. Three @entity1 with @entity22958 were deduced to have type 1 @entity14417 , and 2 @entity1 with @entity1104 were deduced to have type 2 @entity14417 . The 2 youngest @entity1 had complete corneal opacity with features of @entity2687 and marked changes in the @entity1347 structures during the first months of life. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior segment OCT was a valuable method in the diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1 with @entity5575 . As a fast and noncontact technique, it was applicable even for neonates. It allowed early characterization of the type and the extent of the @entity1347 . FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

title: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['AS disorder', 'anterior segment', 'Anterior segment structures', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['congenital corneal opacities', 'congenital corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['lenticulocorneal adhesions']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal staphyloma']

entities_list: @entity22958 :: ('MESH:D057129', 'Disease') :: ['iridocorneal adhesions']

entities_list: @entity14417 :: ('MESH:C537884', 'Disease') :: ["Peters' anomaly"]

answer: @entity5575 :: (MESH:D003318,Disease) :: ['congenital corneal opacities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite evidence that shows no survival advantage, many older @entity1 receive primary @entity342 -deprivation therapy (PADT) shortly after the diagnosis of @entity263 (PCa). OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates whether the early use of PADT affects the subsequent receipt of additional palliative @entity5 treatments such as chemotherapy, palliative radiation therapy, or intervention for @entity1745 or @entity1876 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This longitudinal population-based cohort study consists of Medicare @entity1 aged >=  66 yr diagnosed with localized PCa from 1992 to 2006 in areas covered by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. SEER-Medicare linked data through 2009 were used to identify the use of PADT and palliative @entity5 therapy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Instrumental variable analysis methods were used to minimize confounding effects. Confidence intervals were derived from the bootstrap estimates. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: This study includes 29 775 @entity1 who did not receive local therapy for T1-T2 PCa within the first year of @entity5 diagnosis. Among low-risk @entity1 (Gleason score 2-7 in 1992-2002 and Gleason score 2-6 in 2003-2006) with a median age of 78 yr and a median follow-up of 10.3 yr, PADT was associated with a 25% higher use of chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.44) and a borderline higher use of any palliative @entity5 treatment (HR: 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97-1.19) within 10 yr of diagnosis in regions with high PADT use compared with regions with low PADT use. Because this study was limited to @entity1 >65 yr, the results may not be applicable to younger @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment of low-risk, localized PCa with PADT does not delay the receipt of subsequent palliative therapies and is associated with an increased use of chemotherapy.

title: Does primary @entity342 -deprivation therapy delay the receipt of secondary XXXX therapy for @entity263 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies have established risk factors for ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure in @entity1 . However, the role of valve type as a determinant of complications and outcome remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the fixed-pressure paediGAV and the programmable Codman Hakim valves in the clinical setting. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 younger than 16 years who underwent primary implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt with either valve type at our institution between January 2005 and December 2010. Shunt survival analyses were performed to identify variables associated with risk of shunt failure. RESULTS: Of the 44 @entity1 in the paediGAV cohort, 50% reached the endpoint of shunt failure with a mean time to shunt failure of 7 months. The Codman Hakim cohort comprised 29 @entity1 , of which 55% experienced shunt failure with a mean time to shunt failure of 8 months. Stratified analyses identified young age at implantation and posthemorrhagic @entity1276 as risk factors for shunt failure. Shunt survival analysis revealed no significant difference with regard to valve type. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed important risk factors for shunt failure in @entity1 . Despite certain limitations and biases, similar findings for both valves examined in the clinical setting were obtained. Thus, valve type does not seem to influence risk of shunt failure. Prospective, randomized, and controlled trials are required to validate these results.

title: Role of ventriculoperitoneal shunt valve design in the treatment of pediatric XXXX --a single center study of valve performance in the clinical setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: The addition of @entity544 to milk at levels of <20 mM inhibits the growth of selected spoilage organisms and extends refrigerated shelf life. Our objective was to determine if the addition of @entity515 influenced the risk of @entity6938 from milk. @entity544 was added to pasteurized 2% fat milk at approximately 0, 9.1, or 18.2 mM using a commercial gas-injection system. The milk was inoculated with a 10-strain mixture of proteolytic and nonproteolytic @entity6940 spore strains to yield 10(1) to 10(2) spores/ml. Milk was stored at 6.1 or 21 degrees C for 60 or 6 days, respectively, in sealed glass jars or high-density @entity691 plastic bottles. Milk stored at 21 degrees C curdled and exhibited a yogurt-like odor at 2 days and was putrid at 4 days. Botulinal toxin was detected in 9.1 mM @entity515 milk at 4 days and in all treatments after 6 days of storage at 21 degrees C. All toxic samples were grossly spoiled based on sensory evaluation at the time toxin was detected. Although botulinal toxin appeared earlier in milk treated with 9.1 mM @entity515 compared to both the 18.2 mM and untreated milk, gross spoilage would act as a deterrent to consumption of toxic milk. No botulinal toxin was detected in any treatment stored at 6.1 degrees C for 60 days. At 6.1 degrees C, the standard plate counts (SPCs) were generally lower in the @entity515 -treated samples than in controls, with 18.2 mM @entity515 milk having the lowest SPC. These data indicate that the low-level addition of @entity515 retards spoilage of pasteurized milk at refrigeration temperatures and does not increase the risk of @entity6938 from treated milk stored at refrigeration or abuse temperatures.

title: Toxin production by @entity6940 in pasteurized milk treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity6940 :: ('1491', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium botulinum']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide', 'Carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate @entity1 self-reported outcome of the Malone antegrade continent enema at a single institution in @entity1 suffering from severe @entity74 . METHODS: A total of 18 @entity1 (15 females; median age, 31 (range, 12-63) years) underwent a Malone antegrade continent enema (August 1999 to September 2004). The Malone antegrade continent enema technique has been previously described; however, in this series emphasis was placed on method appendix tunneling. @entity1 ' charts were reviewed and follow-up telephone interviews were conducted. Indications for Malone antegrade continent enema were chronic @entity1142 (n = 12), intractable @entity1241 (n = 5), or both (n = 1). The underlying pathology included neurogenic (n = 2), congenital (n = 4), postsurgery-related (n = 4), @entity1744 (n = 6), and megarectum (n = 2). The appendix (n = 17) or cecum (n = 1) was used as a conduit. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 18.5 (range, 3-67) months. Fourteen @entity1 (78 percent) still use the Malone antegrade continent enema routinely and report good functional outcome. Three @entity1 (20 percent) required stoma creation as subsequent alternate treatment. A total of 10 @entity1 experienced 12 complications: 3 perioperative (infections) and 9 postoperative Malone antegrade continent enema use/nonuse complications (4 stomal orifice strictures, 2 fecal impactions, 2 appendiceal perforations, and 1 irrigation catheter knot). No @entity1 experienced leakage from the appendiceal stoma. During the follow-up interval, one @entity1 underwent proctectomy for megarectum. No failures occurred in @entity1 with @entity4670 . CONCLUSIONS: Malone antegrade continent enema is a reasonable option for the treatment of select @entity1 with severe @entity74 . Good functional @entity1 self-reported outcome was achieved by 78 percent of @entity1 . The social inconvenience of stoma leakage is avoided with appropriate surgical technique. Malone antegrade continent enema is one option that provides a less invasive surgical alternative than colectomy or ileostomy for severe @entity74 .

title: Malone antegrade continent enema: an alternative to resection in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital or neurogenic disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['defecatory disorders', 'defecation disorders']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['defecation disorders']