abstract: Age related @entity604 predisposes adults to @entity170 . This is especially true for individuals with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). The effects of decreased bone loading with older age and @entity912 significantly contribute to decreased bone mass and increased risk for @entity174 . Loading bone via volitional muscle contractions or by using electrical stimulation are common methods for helping to prevent and/or decrease @entity604 . However the effectiveness and safety of electrical stimulation activities remain unclear. The purpose of this review is to investigate the factors associated with aging and @entity170 after @entity1566 , the accuracy of bone measurement, the effects of various forms of bone loading activities with a focus on electrical stimulation activities and the safety of physical exercise with a focus on electrical stimulation cycling. @entity170 remains a disabling and costly condition for older adults and for those with @entity912 . Both dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography are valuable techniques for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) with the latter having the ability to differentiate trabecular and cortical bone. Physical activities have shown to be beneficial for increasing BMD however, the extent of the benefits related to aging and @entity912 remain undetermined. Electrical stimulation activities administered appropriately are assumed safe due to thousands of documented safe FES cycling sessions. However, specific documentation is needed to verify safety and to development formal guidelines for optimal use.

title: The effects of aging and electrical stimulation exercise on bone after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The intertidal copepod @entity15885 is a model for studying the process of genetic divergence in allopatry and for probing the nature of genetic changes that lead to reproductive isolation. Although previous studies have revealed a pattern of remarkably high levels of genetic divergence between the populations of this species at several spatial scales, it is not clear what types of historical processes are responsible. Particularly lacking are data that can yield insights into population history from the finest scales of geographic resolution. RESULTS: Sequence variation in both @entity46055 ( @entity46055 , mtDNA) and the rieske @entity68 - @entity599 protein (RISP, nuclear) are examined at a fine scale within four different regions for populations of @entity15885 . High levels of genetic divergence are seen for both genes at the broader scale, and genetic subdivision is apparent at nearly all scales in these populations for these two genes. Patterns of polymorphism and divergence in both @entity46055 and RISP suggest that selection may be leading to non-neutral evolution of these genes in several cases but a pervasive pattern of neither selection nor coadaptation is seen for these markers. CONCLUSION: The use of sequence data at a fine-scale of resolution in this species has provided novel insights into the processes that have resulted in the accumulation of genetic divergence among populations. This divergence is likely to result from an interplay between a limited dispersal ability for this copepod and the temporal instability of copepod habitat. Both shorter-term processes such as the extinction/recolonization dynamics of copepod pools and longer-term processes such as geological uplift of coastline and sea level changes appear to have impacted the patterns of differentiation. Some patterns of sequence variation are consistent with selection acting upon the loci used in this study; however, it appears that most phylogeographic patterns are the result of history and not selection on these genes in this species.

title: Investigations of fine-scale phylogeography in XXXX reveal historical patterns of population divergence.

entities_list: @entity15885 :: ('6832', 'Species') :: ['T. californicus', 'Tigriopus californicus']

answer: @entity15885 :: (6832,Species) :: ['Tigriopus californicus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To screen @entity1 in general practice with regard to identified and unidentified @entity1032 , and to describe social and demographic profiles of the two groups and their medical measures and total care utilization. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of 333 consecutive @entity1 with one year follow-up. SETTING: Two primary health care units in a Stockholm suburb area. @entity1 : @entity1 18 years and older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1032 according to either ICD-9 diagnosed by GPs (identified cases) or when not identified by GPs according to a self-assessment questionnaire HSCL-25 with cut-off point 1.75 (unidentified cases). RESULTS: In comparing identified (15.3%) and unidentified @entity1 (11.7%) with other @entity1 (No @entity1032 ) no differences were found in demographic antecedents. Social problems existed in 31% of identified, 49% in unidentified, and 14% in @entity1 with no @entity1032 . Sick-listing and issuing of prescriptions were more frequent in @entity1 with identified @entity1032 . The one year follow-up study also showed over-utilization of care in these @entity1 . The @entity146 services were sought by about one fifth of both the @entity1 groups with @entity1032 , which is to a significantly greater extent than for @entity1 without @entity1032 (2%). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with self-assessed @entity1032 not identified by GPs are not deemed to be "over-medicalized" nor to overload care-services, while @entity1 identified by GPs with a diagnosis of @entity1032 receive a lot of medical input and require much care. Psychosocial inputs for the latter group within primary care can presumably reduce unnecessary utilization of resources.

title: Identified and unidentified XXXX in primary health care--social characteristics, medical measures and total care utilization during one year.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental illness', 'mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: Although the World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes @entity424 into three histological grades, difference in surgical outcomes between WHO grades I and II @entity5 are unclear. For these @entity5 , prognosis may be best determined by factors other than @entity5 grade alone, such as extent of resection. To analyze the effects of the extent of resection on different grades of @entity424 , we performed a comprehensive literature review to identify adult spinal @entity424 @entity1 who received surgical resection with a clearly identifiable WHO grade. A total of 175 @entity1 were identified. While @entity5 carried the worst prognosis as expected (p<0.001), @entity5 did not differ significantly in outcomes following surgery. Overall, gross total resection (GTR, 68.7%, 114/166) provided significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS, p<0.001) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 , p=0.022) compared to the subtotal resection group. Surprisingly, the highest GTR rate was achieved for grade II @entity5 (78.8%, 78/99; p<0.001) followed by grade I (58.9%, 33/56) and @entity5 (27.3%, 3/11). Interestingly, PFS was significantly improved by GTR for grade II @entity5 (p<0.001), but not for grade I (p=0.705). Similar trends, although not statistically significant, were found for @entity1349 . Our results show that while GTR provides the best overall outcomes, GTR is most effective for classic @entity424 , but not for grade I @entity424 . Despite having a lower WHO grade, @entity424 have a lower GTR rate, and benefit less from GTR.

title: XXXX : benefits of extent of resection for different histological grades.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'grade III tumors', 'grade I and II tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['grade II ependymomas', 'ependymoma', 'ependymomas', 'myxopapillary ependymomas', 'spinal ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['Spinal ependymomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Quality Forum (NQF) has endorsed a performance measure designed to increase imaging efficiency for the evaluation of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). To our knowledge, no published data have examined the effect of @entity1 -level predictors on performance. METHODS: To quantify the prevalence of avoidable imaging in @entity341 @entity1 with suspected @entity1151 , we performed a prospective, multicenter observational study of @entity341 @entity1 evaluated for @entity1151 from 2004 through 2007 at 11 US EDs. Adult @entity1 tested for @entity1151 were enrolled, with data collected in a standardized instrument. The primary outcome was the proportion of imaging that was potentially avoidable according to the NQF measure. Avoidable imaging was defined as imaging in a @entity1 with low pretest probability for @entity1151 , who either did not have a D-dimer test ordered or who had a negative D-dimer test result. We performed subanalyses testing alternative pretest probability cutoffs and imaging definitions on measure performance as well as a secondary analysis to identify factors associated with inappropriate imaging.   (2) Test was used for bivariate analysis of categorical variables and multivariable logistic regression for the secondary analysis. RESULTS: We enrolled 5940 @entity1 , of whom 4113 (69%) had low pretest probability of @entity1151 . Imaging was performed in 2238 low-risk @entity1 (38%), of whom 811 had no D-dimer testing, and 394 had negative D-dimer test results. Imaging was avoidable, according to the NQF measure, in 1205 @entity1 (32%; 95% CI, 31%-34%). Avoidable imaging owing to not ordering a D-dimer test was associated with age (odds ratio [OR], 1.15 per decade; 95% CI, 1.10-1.21). Avoidable imaging owing to imaging after a negative D-dimer test result was associated with inactive @entity5 (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.11-2.49). CONCLUSIONS: One-third of imaging performed for suspected @entity1151 may be categorized as avoidable. Improving adherence to established diagnostic protocols is likely to result in significantly fewer @entity1 receiving unnecessary irradiation and substantial savings.

title: Evaluation of XXXX in the @entity341 and consistency with a national quality measure: quantifying the opportunity for improvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: The outer-membrane protein (OMP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) profiles of 29 isolates of @entity8857 serotypes A1 (18 isolates) and A2 (11 isolates), obtained from pneumonic (13 isolates) or healthy (16 isolates) @entity291 , were compared by @entity214 -PAGE and Western blot analysis. Coomassie-blue-stained OMP profiles of serotype A1 and A2 isolates could be distinguished from each other by differences in both major and minor proteins. Whereas the OMP profiles of the serotype A1 isolates were extremely uniform in stained gels, there was variation in the mobilities of high-molecular-mass minor proteins and one of the major proteins of serotype A2 isolates. Differences in the OMP profiles of isolates within both the A1 and A2 serotypes were more clearly distinguished by Western blotting than by staining after @entity214 -PAGE. Thus, by Western blot analysis, four distinct OMP profiles were identified within the serotype A1 and A2 isolates, respectively. The profiles of the serotype A1 isolates were designated OMP types 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4; those of the serotype A2 isolates were designated @entity30153 types 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4. Three distinct LPS profiles were recognized among the isolates which, by comparison with previously described LPS types, were identified as smooth LPS type 1 and rough LPS types 3 and 5. Isolates of serotype A1 consisted of LPS type 1 only. whereas isolates of serotype A2 consisted of LPS types 3 or 5. OMP and LPS analysis of @entity8857 has applications in epidemiological and virulence studies.

title: Variation in outer-membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide profiles of XXXX isolates of serotypes A1 and A2 obtained from pneumonic and healthy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity8857 :: ('75985', 'Species') :: ['Pasteurella haemolytica', 'P. haemolytica']

answer: @entity8857 :: (75985,Species) :: ['Pasteurella haemolytica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proliferative changes in breast epithelium are an intrinsic aspect in the development of @entity0 , and result in regions of epithelial electrical depolarisation within the breast parenchyma, which can extend to the skin surface. Diagnostic information might be obtained from a non-imaging and non-invasive test based on skin-surface electropotentials. METHODS: In 661 @entity1 , scheduled for open biopsy at eight European centres, we studied whether measurements of breast electrical activity with surface sensors could distinguish benign from malignant @entity1558 . A depolarisation index was developed. RESULTS: We found a highly significant trend of progressive electrical changes according to the proliferative characteristics of the biopsied tissue. Discriminatory information was obtained in both premenopausal and postmenopausal @entity1 , and the index was not related to age. The best test performances were for @entity1 with @entity75 . The median index was 0.398 for non-proliferative benign lesions, 0.531 for proliferative benign lesions, and 0.644 for @entity5 ( @entity513 -in-situ and invasive). A specificity of 55% was obtained at 90% sensitivity for @entity1 with @entity75 when a discriminant based on age and the depolarisation index was used. INTERPRETATION: This new modality may have diagnostic value, especially in reducing the number of unnecessary diagnostic tests among @entity1 with inconclusive findings on physical examination. Understanding and control of the biological variability of these electrical phenomena will be important in the improvement of this test. Studies in populations with a lower @entity5 prevalence are needed to assess further the diagnostic value of this approach.

title: Electropotential measurements as a new diagnostic modality for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['palpable lesions']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vomiting is one of the most prevalent side effects of chemotherapy in @entity5 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginger plant on chemotherapy-induced @entity391 , since the previous studies were somehow imperfect and have provided controversial results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy and suffering from @entity391 in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between July and December 2009. During a convenience sampling the @entity1 were randomly allocated into treatment and placebo groups after taking a written informed consent. Two groups were matched based on the age and emetic risk of chemotherapy drugs. The treatment group received 250 mg ginger powder capsules (Zintoma) and placebo group 250 mg starch capsules 4 times a day (1 g/day) for 6 days since 3 days before chemotherapy session. A two-part self-made questionnaire was used to assess the effect of ginger. @entity1 completed the instrument every day. Then by STATA software version 8, the gathered data were analyzed using Fisher's exact, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests. RESULTS: The 2 groups had no significant age differences and were matched (ginger: 41.8  8.4 vs placebo: 45.1  10, P = 0.1). Vomiting cases were significantly lower in ginger group at anticipatory (P = 0.04), acute (P = 0.04), and delayed (P = 0.003) phases. Also, heartburn was the only and venial reported side effect (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Taking ginger capsules (for 6 days since 3 days before chemotherapy) accompanied by the routine antiemetic treatment could relieve chemotherapy-induced @entity391 in all phases.

title: Ginger as a miracle against chemotherapy-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether aorta calcification (AC) - a surrogate marker of @entity731 - is an independent indicator of low @entity79 ( @entity79 ), accelerated @entity604 , and risk of future fractures in postmenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective epidemiological study. Follow-up period was 7.5 years. SETTING: Community-based sample followed by a research institute. SUBJECTS: A total of 2662 generally healthy postmenopausal @entity1 with a mean age of 65.0 +/- 7.1 years at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Annual rate of changes in @entity79 (DEXA) and AC (X-rays), @entity174 (X-rays), @entity173 (questionnaire). RESULTS: Advanced AC at baseline was significantly associated with lower @entity79 and accelerated @entity604 from the proximal femur. In a multivariate logistic regression model, age ( @entity24773 , 95% CI 1.0-1.2, P = 0.02), body mass index (BMI; OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8-1.0, P = 0.03) and the severity of AC (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.8, P = 0.03) were independent predictors of @entity173 . Adjusted OR for @entity174 was 1.2 (95% CI 1.0-1.5, P = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Aorta calcification seems to independently contribute to the development of @entity170 in the proximal femur. Further studies are needed to clarify whether effective @entity731 prevention lowers hip @entity174 risk.

title: Radiographic measure of aorta calcification is a site-specific predictor of XXXX and @entity174 risk at the hip.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BMD', 'bone mass density']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: The epileptogenic and neurodegenerative effects induced by intra-hippocampal injection of a selective K+ channel inhibitor, alpha-dendrotoxin (DTx), were investigated in normal @entity35 and those bearing a monolateral surgical lesion of the Schaffer collaterals that causes @entity528 and also, isolates the @entity1251 area. In addition, these effects have also been studied in @entity35 pretreated with @entity13990 , an @entity140 receptor antagonist. Injection of DTx (35 pmol) into one dorsal hippocampus induced motor and electrocortical (ECoG) @entity410 in all the treated animals that were rapid in onset (within 2-3 min). The @entity410 were accompanied at 24 h by significant neuronal cell loss which occurred in the @entity1249 , @entity1251 and @entity16711 pyramidal cell layers of the hippocampus, ipsilateral to the side of injection. This @entity528 was paralleled by a significant decrease in the density of radioiodinated DTx labelled acceptors. Lesioning of the excitatory afferents to the @entity1249 pyramidal cells, gave a substantial reduction in the density of radioiodinated DTx labelled acceptors in the strata oriens and radiatum, revealing that a proportion of these K+ channels are present on the Schaffer collateral terminals. Under these conditions, motor and ECoG @entity410 persisted. As expected, the lesion prevented loss of the isolated @entity1251 pyramids, normally produced by the administration of DTx, leaving unaffected @entity1249 and @entity16711 pyramidal cell damage, consistent with an observed diminution of DTx binding sites in the latter areas. In unlesioned @entity35 pre-treated with NBQX (30 mg/kg i.p.), subsequent injection of DTx evoked epileptogenic effects after a latency of 15 min and caused significant cell loss in the @entity1249 but not in the @entity1251 and @entity16711 pyramidal cell layers, ipsilateral to the side of toxin injection. A lower dose of NBQX (15 mg/kg i.p.) proved ineffective. In conclusion, these data together with our published results on @entity143 antagonists indicate that motor and ECoG @entity410 and @entity1249 pyramidal cell loss elicited by intra-hippocampal injection of the K+ channel blocker, DTx, are independent from mechanisms involving @entity2227 -mediated excitotoxicity whereas @entity1251 and @entity16711 pyramidal cell loss may be the consequence of excessive activation of @entity140 receptors.

title: Hippocampal damage produced in @entity35 by alpha-dendrotoxin--a selective K+ channel blocker--involves non- XXXX receptor activation.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of their nerve terminals', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: This study was done to see the incidence and impact of changes in the intervention strategy for the management of @entity3036 in a maternity hospital on maternal and perinatal outcome. Analysis of case records of all @entity3036 cases over two different study periods designated as study period A (April, 1994 to @entity6653 , 1996) and study period B (April, 2000 to April, 2001) were done. Total number of @entity3036 cases who received intervention over two different study period (46 in study period A and 47 in study period B) were comparable despite the difference in the duration of study period. During study period A, @entity3175 was used as anticonvulsant, whereas @entity2400 was used to control fits during study period B. Incidence of @entity3036 has markedly increased in this hospital (0.12% vs 0.29%). Epidemiology and clinical profile of eclamptic @entity1 do not show remarkable change. There was no maternal death in study period B (April, 2000 to April, 2001) whereas there was one maternal death in the study period A (April, 1994 to October, 1996). Marked improvement was noticed in terms of recurrence of fit (19.13% vs 73.91%) with change in the intervention strategy. Perinatal deaths were fewer in study period B (20% vs 33%). Overall, it seems that care of eclamptic @entity1 and use of @entity2400 as anticonvulsant has resulted in positive impact on maternal outcome.

title: Eclampsia : before and after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

answer: @entity2400 :: (CHEBI:32599,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incisional @entity547 in @entity1 electively operated on the abdominal aorta is common. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1028 and with aorto-iliac @entity432 (n = 231) operated at Troms   University Hospital between 1992 and 1998 were identified. Data were obtained from @entity1 files and from a postal questionnaire sent to 172 @entity1 and returned by 140 (85%). RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 3.5 years; 49 out of 140 @entity1 (35%) had incisional @entity547 , 42 of these had been operated for @entity439 and seven for @entity432 . @entity1 operated for @entity439 had an increased risk of developing incisional @entity547 (OR 3.1, p = 0.03). Obesity and smoking were associated risk factors. The @entity547 appeared earlier in @entity1 with aorta @entity439 than in @entity1 with @entity432 (p < 0.01). A large proportion of the @entity1 reported discomfort due to their @entity547 . INTERPRETATION: @entity439 seems to be associated with alterations in the connective tissue. Incisional @entity547 is a significant source of morbidity in @entity1 operated for @entity1028 .

title: [Incisional @entity547 after surgery for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aorta aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13449 is a protein-bound, cytotoxic, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor. A phase II trial of @entity13449 followed by @entity2592 and @entity2664 with @entity13449 given by 1-h bolus for adults with newly-diagnosed, poor-risk acute @entity2800 yielded 67% complete remission with median disease-free survival of 13.6 months. DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared bolus @entity13449 (50 mg/m(2)/day, Arm A) versus 'hybrid' @entity13449 (30 mg/m(2) over 30 min followed by 40 mg/m(2) over 4 h, Arm B) followed by ara-C and @entity2664 in 78 @entity1 (39 per arm) with newly diagnosed, poor-risk acute @entity2800 . To mitigate imbalance, @entity1 were stratified by presence or absence of secondary @entity1778 and therapy for antecedent disorder. RESULTS: Death at or before Day 60 occurred in 8% of @entity1 per arm. Complete remission plus complete remission with incomplete recovery was 68% (Arm A, 62%; Arm B, 74%) overall, and 65% or over in both arms for @entity1 with secondary @entity1778 and @entity1778 with adverse genetics. In Arm A 91% and in Arm B 86% of @entity1 received chemotherapy and/or allogeneic transplantation in complete remission. Median overall survival for all remission @entity1 has not been reached for either arm, with median disease free survival of 13.6 months for Arm A and of 12.0 months for Arm B. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity13449 schedules produce comparably encouraging results in adults with poor-risk acute @entity2800 . Given the greater ease of bolus administration, we are conducting a randomized phase II study of bolus @entity13449 followed by ara-c and @entity2664 versus conventional induction therapy for @entity1 aged 70 years and under with intermediate or poor-risk acute @entity2800 . This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT 00407966.

title: Randomized phase II study of two schedules of @entity13449 given as timed sequential therapy with @entity2592 and @entity2664 for adults with newly diagnosed, poor-risk acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13449 :: ('MESH:C077990', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavopiridol', 'flavopiridol']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) followed by nonmyeloablative allogeneic HCT (auto/alloHCT) provides cytoreduction and graft-versus- @entity1582 effects. We report on long-term outcomes of 102 @entity1 with @entity1582 who received auto/alloHCT with a median follow-up of 6.3 years. Treatment consisted of high-dose melphalan and autograft followed by 2-Gy total body irradiation, with or without @entity3118 , and alloHCT from human leukocyte antigen-identical siblings. Postgrafting immunosuppressive agent was @entity205 or @entity1140 and @entity618 . Forty-two percent of @entity1 developed grade 2 to 4 @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) and 74% extensive @entity2132 . Five-year nonrelapse mortality after allografting was 18%, 95% related to @entity2132 or @entity281 . Among 95 @entity1 with detectable disease, 59 achieved complete remissions. Median time to progression was 5 years. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 years. Five-year OS and PFS were 64% and 36%, respectively. Seventy-three @entity1 receiving autoHCT within 10 months from treatment initiation had 5-year OS of 69% and PFS of 37%. In multivariate analysis, @entity2262 of more than 3.5 microg/mL at diagnosis and auto/alloHCT more than 10 months after treatment initiation correlated with @entity1349 (P = .03 and P = .02) and PFS (P = .04 and P = .03), whereas Karnofsky scores less than 90% at allotransplantation correlated with shorter PFS only (P = .005). Long-term disease control and @entity2132 remain key issues.

title: Long-term outcome of XXXX with @entity1582 after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation and nonmyeloablative allografting.

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'chronic GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['shorter OS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of @entity303 and their major types in @entity1 aged 55 years and old in urban and rural area, Shanghai. METHODS: A sample with 17,018 residents aged 55 years and above from 22 urban and 14 rural communities was drawn through a stratified multiple stage cluster sampling. A door-to-door three-phase procedure was used to investigate the prevalence of @entity303 . In 1997 and 1998, A brief memory testing by MMSE was administered to all @entity1 . In phase 2, those who scored below the cutoff points and four percent of those whose score was in the normal range were interviewed to identify @entity303 through a set of diagnostic examinations according to the DSM-IV criteria. In phase 3, a follow-up program was conducted in 1998 for all @entity1 who was involved in phase 2 to identify those with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ) by NINCDS-ADRDA and NINDS-AIREN criteria. RESULTS: Of the targeted sample, 15,910 (94.2%) were interviewed. The overall prevalence of @entity303 was 3.0% in individuals aged 55 years and above, 4.32% in those aged 65 years old and 5.29% in those aged 70 years and above. The age-adjusted prevalence rates of @entity303 were 2.03%, 3.78% and 5.48% respectively among the age groups mentioned above. For @entity195 the age-adjusted prevalence rates were 1.37%, 2.71% and 4.13% for individuals in above age groups. Of all types of @entity303 , @entity195 was accounted 72%, followed by @entity1294 the second. The prevalence of @entity195 was 1.41% in @entity1 comparing to 2.78% in @entity1 . The age-specific prevalence of @entity195 increased with age. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity303 was 3.0% in individuals aged 55 years in urban and rural areas in Shanghai. @entity195 was more frequent than @entity1294 .

title: [Prevalence of XXXX in Shanghai urban and rural area].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'woman', 'man', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VaD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's dementia"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Treatment with @entity115 and @entity4546 resulted in encouraging @entity1534 eradication rates in pilot studies that included medium term follow up. These results were evaluated in a prospective, randomised and controlled study. Forty @entity1 with active @entity4773 and @entity1534 colonisation of the gastric mucosa were randomly assigned to receive either @entity4546 (20 mg twice daily) and @entity115 suspension (500 mg four times daily) for two weeks (group I) or @entity19019 (600 mg three times daily), @entity868 (400 mg three times daily), @entity803 (500 mg three times daily), and @entity5616 (300 mg in the evening) for two weeks (group II). Study medication was followed in both groups by a four week treatment course with 300 mg @entity5616 up to the final examination. One @entity1 from each group was lost to follow up. @entity1534 was eradicated in 78.9% of group I and 84.2% of group II (p = 1.00). All @entity1066 in @entity1 on @entity4546 plus @entity115 healed but in the triple treatment group four @entity1 had residual peptic lesions after six weeks ( @entity1066 rate: 78.9%, p = 0.11). Complete @entity158 relief occurred after a median duration of 1 day in group I and of 6 days in group II (p = 0.03). There were no major complications in either group but minor side effects were more frequently recorded in @entity1 on triple therapy (63.2% v 15.8%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, two weeks of treatment with @entity4546 plus @entity115 is as good as triple therapy plus @entity5616 in eradicating @entity1534 but seems better with regard to safety, @entity158 relief, and @entity1066 . Thus, @entity115 plus @entity4546 should be recommended as the treatment of choice in eradicating @entity1534 in @entity1 with @entity4773 .

title: @entity115 plus XXXX versus triple therapy for eradication of @entity1534 in @entity4773 : a prospective, randomized, and controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity19019 :: ('MESH:C015715', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth subsalicylate']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of @entity4963 and candiduria before and after the introduction of routine use of probiotics in @entity1 who received broad-spectrum antibiotics in a PICU. DESIGN: Retrospective "before and after" study. SETTING: A 12-bed PICU of a teaching hospital in India. @entity1 : @entity1 3 months to 12 years old, admitted to the PICU over two 9 months' time periods, who received broad-spectrum antibiotics for more than 48 hours. INTERVENTIONS: Three hundred forty-four @entity1 enrolled between November 2008 and July 2009 after the introduction of routine use of probiotics served as the "probiotic group"; they had received one sachet twice a day of a probiotic mix (EUGI [Wallace Pharma, @entity24673 , India] containing Lactobacillus acidophillus, Lactobacillus rhamnosum, @entity13854 , @entity1335 , @entity375 boulardii, and @entity5858 ) for 7 days. Three hundred seventy-six @entity1 enrolled between February 2007 and October 2007 served as "controls." Blood was sent for @entity364 if clinically indicated and urine catheter/bag specimen was submitted for bacterial and fungal culture twice a week as per unit's protocol. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Primary outcome was growth of Candida in blood ( @entity4963 ), and secondary outcomes were growth of Candida in urine (candiduria), nosocomial bloodstream infections, and @entity293 . Data were retrieved from the case records. @entity4963 was seen in four of 344 @entity1 (1.2%) in the probiotic group and in 14 of 376 (3.7%) in the control group (relative risk, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10-0.94; p = 0.03). Candiduria was noted in 37 of 344 @entity1 (10.7%) in the probiotic group and 83 of 376 (22%) in the control group (relative risk, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.34-0.7; p = 0.0001). The prevalence of nosocomial bloodstream infection and @entity293 in the probiotic and control groups was 20.3% and 26% (p = 0.07) and 14.2% and 19.1% (p = 0.08), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of a mix of probiotics in @entity1 who receive broad-spectrum antibiotics could be a useful strategy to reduce the prevalence of @entity4963 and candiduria in the PICU.

title: Probiotic use and prevalence of XXXX and candiduria in a PICU.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['Candidemia', 'candidemia']

entities_list: @entity13854 :: ('216816', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium longum']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal cultures']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity1335 :: ('1681', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium bifidum']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity4963 :: (MESH:D058387,Disease) :: ['candidemia']


abstract: To assess the prognostic significance of right ventricular function in @entity384 ( @entity384 ), we studied consecutive 57 @entity384 @entity1 . There were 41 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 , whose mean age was 48 ys. (range 3-68 ys.). The mean LVEF in all @entity1 was 29 +/- 11%, and the mean interval from the onset of symptom of @entity712 (CHF history) was 4 ys. (range 0-33 ys.). With follow-up of 3.8 ys., five @entity1 had died until the first year, and 14 had died until the third year. By using multivariate regression analysis, there were no prognostic significance in clinical parameters such as age, CHF history, sex, @entity955 , except for NYHA class, and medication at the third year. In survival curves according to Kaplan-Meier method, RVEF and mean PA had predictive value (p less than 0.05), while LVEF did not. The @entity1 with RVEF less than 45% had poor survival rate compared to those with RVEF greater than or equal to 45%. The @entity1 with RVEF less than 45% showed lower LVEF and LVESVI. RVEF may offer prognostic predictive value through the effect of not only mean PA but also left ventricular parameter. In conclusion, radionuclide assessment of right ventricular function should be valuable for the prognostic evaluation of @entity384 @entity1 .

title: [Prognostic significance of radionuclide-assessed right ventricular function in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reports of the direct effects of volatile anesthetics on @entity299 , studied in various @entity1 species but not in @entity1 , have conflicted. To determine whether volatile anesthetics directly affect cardiac contractile proteins in @entity1 , we examined the effects of various equianesthetic doses of @entity1508 (0.46, 0.83, and 1.23 mM, equivalent to 0.75, 1.50, and 2.25%, respectively) and @entity5161 (0.63, 1.22, and 1.93 mM, equivalent to 1.15, 2.30, and 3.50%, respectively) on the @entity141 sensitivity and maximal force in @entity1 skinned cardiac fibers. METHODS: Left ventricular muscle strips were obtained from seven @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. Sarcolemma was disrupted with @entity4527 ( @entity4526 ), and sarcoplasmic reticulum was destroyed with EGTA plus @entity31105 detergent. @entity141 sensitivity was studied by observing the isometric tension developed by skinned fiber bundles challenged with solutions of increasing @entity141 concentrations expressed in pCa (where pCa = -log10[ @entity141 ]). Maximal force was measured with a @entity44435 .8 solution. RESULTS: Both anesthetics shifted the pCa-tension curves toward higher @entity141 concentrations and decreased pCa for half-maximal activation in a dose-dependent and reversible fashion (from 5.71 for control to 5.56 and 5.55 for 1 MAC @entity1508 and @entity5161 , respectively) without changing the slope of this relationship (Hill coefficient). No differences between agents were observed at equianesthetic concentrations. The two agents also decreased the maximal activated tension in a dose-dependent fashion (-27 and -28% vs. control for 2 MAC @entity1508 and @entity5161 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that @entity1508 and @entity5161 decrease @entity141 sensitivity and maximal force in @entity1 skinned cardiac fibers at 20 degrees C. If these effects extend to higher temperatures, they may contribute to the negative inotropic effect of these agents.

title: XXXX and @entity5161 decrease calcium sensitivity and maximal force in @entity1 skinned cardiac fibers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity4526 :: ('CHEBI:30740', 'Chemical') :: ["ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myofibrils']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity1508 :: (MESH:D006221,Chemical) :: ['Halothane']


abstract: Chronic inflammatory diseases, e.g. @entity309 or @entity1577 , are characterised by neutrophil infiltration in inflamed tissues. Dysregulated neutrophil death may contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases where neutrophils play a role. @entity19971 derivatives are reported to activate apoptosis in different cell lines. Neutrophils from healthy volunteers were incubated in vitro with @entity4025 , @entity20667 , @entity38380 or @entity23939 (1-100   mol/l), and @entity137 and apoptosis were measured by luminometry and flow cytometry, respectively. Enhancement and/or inhibition of @entity1 recombinant @entity522 enzyme activity were measured by luminometry. None of the @entity19971 derivatives tested increased @entity855 liberation from @entity1 neutrophils, thus showing no direct @entity137 effect. @entity4025 and @entity23939 (100   mol/l) treated neutrophils had a higher rate of apoptosis compared to non-treated cells. @entity20667 and @entity38380 (1   mol/l), yet not @entity4025 or @entity23939 , increased the activity of @entity522 . However in the concentration of 100   mol/l, all @entity19971 derivatives tested inhibited @entity522 activity. Their effects on @entity1 neutrophil apoptosis differed according to the structure of the molecule. Additional studies are required to get insight into the mechanisms involved in the effects of the substances tested on neutrophil viability.

title: Involvement of XXXX in @entity19971 derivatives induced apoptosis of @entity1 neutrophils in vitro.

entities_list: @entity38380 :: ('MESH:C049032', 'Chemical') :: ['pinosylvin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity19971 :: ('CHEBI:26775', 'Chemical') :: ['Stilbene', 'stilbene']

entities_list: @entity23939 :: ('MESH:C041525', 'Chemical') :: ['piceatannol']

entities_list: @entity20667 :: ('MESH:C107773', 'Chemical') :: ['pterostilbene', 'Pterostilbene']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol', 'Resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity522 :: (836,Gene) :: ['caspase-3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is acknowledged that expansion of the remote normal region of the left ventricle causes remodeling after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). However, the characteristics of that region have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: We studied 13 @entity1 with atypical @entity662 (controls) and 15 @entity1 with a prior anterior @entity583 who underwent cardiac catheterization. With Doppler strain imaging, we measured the peak radial myocardial systolic strain and peak radial early diastolic strain rate at the posterior wall of the left ventricle. None of the @entity1 with atypical @entity662 exhibited significant stenosis of the three major coronary arteries or left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormality in cardiac catheterization. The @entity1 with a prior anterior @entity583 had single anterior descending @entity455 without wall motion abnormality in the LV inferoposterior wall. LV ejection fraction and the LV relaxation time constant were also measured. RESULTS: The LV ejection fraction was significantly smaller in @entity1 with a prior @entity583 compared to controls. The peak radial systolic strain in the LV posterior wall was not significantly different between the @entity1 with a prior @entity583 and controls (125      49 vs. 122      29%). In contrast, the peak radial early diastolic strain rate in the same area was significantly lower in the @entity1 with a prior @entity583 than in controls (-7.4      2.7 vs. -13.2      4.0  s(-1), p  <  0.001). Peak early diastolic radial strain rate was significantly correlated with the LV relaxation time constant in all @entity1 (r  =  0.69, p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: LV remodeling after an @entity583 impairs local early diastolic myocardial function in the remote normal region and it is related to @entity1002 .

title: Left ventricular remodeling after XXXX impairs early diastolic, but not systolic, function in the radial direction in the remote normal region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['global LV diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We developed a prosthetic left ventricle (LV) to coronary sinus (CS) shunt (LVCSS) that is autoregulating and provides LV-powered retrograde perfusion of the coronary sinus. METHODS: Each of 20 Yorkshire @entity1707 underwent 1 hour of left anterior descending diagonal @entity432 followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. The controls (n = 5) did not have shunt treatment. The LVCSS group (n = 9) underwent shunt treatment during the @entity63 period. The LVCSS with partial @entity1563 ( @entity22582 ) group (LVCSS+ @entity22582 , n = 6) underwent shunt treatment and @entity22582 during the @entity63 period. Vital staining and planimetry techniques were used to determine the area at risk for @entity1188 and the area of @entity39 . RESULTS: The area at risk was not significantly different among groups. The area of @entity39 was decreased by 53% in the LVCSS group and by 73% in the LVCSS+ @entity22582 group when compared to controls (p<0.01 among all groups). CONCLUSIONS: The LVCSS reduces @entity1188 size in @entity1707 after acute @entity1563 . The addition of @entity22582 to LVCSS further improves myocardial salvage.

title: LV-powered coronary sinus retroperfusion reduces @entity1188 size in acutely XXXX @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary sinus occlusion', 'coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: A few studies have taken into account the diaphragmatic function in @entity1 successfully treated for @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ). Monodimensional sonography has been reported to be useful in assessing the diaphragmatic motility. Aim of the present study was to investigate, in a long-term follow-up, the diaphragmatic function after @entity2914 repair. METHODS: Ten @entity1 , with a mean age of 16 (5-26) years, were enrolled. All had had a left @entity2914 repaired, but no one received a patch. Ten subjects of matched age were used as controls. The diaphragmatic excursions appear, at M-mode sonography, as a sinusoid; the amplitude of the curve on the @entity2270 measured the movement in centimeters. Chest x-ray and spirometry were also performed in @entity2914 @entity1 . RESULTS: A reduced diaphragmatic motility on the left (treated) side was recorded. The amplitude of the contraction was significantly reduced when compared with the contralateral side (1.19 +/- 0.2 vs 2.33 +/- 0.9 cm; P = .017) and was also significantly reduced in comparison with the motion of the left side of controls (1.19 +/- 0.2 vs 1.83 +/- 0.4 cm; P = .01). There was no difference in the amplitude of contraction between the left and right sides of control @entity1 and between the right side of @entity2914 @entity1 and the controls. Spirometry was normal in all @entity1 but one, who had a slight reduction of ventilation on the left side. CONCLUSION: M-mode sonography appears as a very useful tool in quantitative evaluation of diaphragmatic movements and should be extensively used during follow-up of @entity1 after @entity2914 repair. Motility of the repaired diaphragmatic is reduced, even after a long period, but this does not affect the respiratory function in @entity1 who survived @entity2914 repair.

title: Long-term functional evaluation of diaphragmatic motility after repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia', 'congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['vertical axis']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: High degree posterior rotational osteotomy was performed on 31 hips with extensive @entity2530 that were outside of Sugioka's indication. Among them, 18 hips of 13 @entity1 were reviewed at 24 to 94 months (mean, 42 months). The remaining 13 hips were excluded because the followup was less than 2 years. All hips had less than 1/3 of the posterior area intact preoperatively, which is out of the indication for traditional anterior rotational osteotomy. The @entity717 applied to the femoral head was 130 degrees to 180 degrees (mean, 138 degrees ). Furthermore, 10 degrees to 25 degrees of intentional varus position was added to the rotation (mean, 15.8 degrees). The preoperative intact articular surface of the loaded portion of the femoral head was 0% to 40% (mean, 6.9%) on anteroposterior radiograph, and it was extended postoperatively to a mean of 80.3% (range, 53%-100%). Collapse was prevented in 17 hips that have remained @entity158 free. The remaining 1 hip sustained secondary collapse and joint @entity543 . Mean flexion was 105 degrees and abduction was 20 degrees. Postoperative angiography of 9 hips and bony scintigraphy of 17 hips indicated no findings implying impairment of blood supply. Despite a relatively short term experience, it is concluded that this technique was effective in the treatment of large @entity39 , especially for young @entity1 .

title: Modified Sugioka's osteotomy: more than 130 degrees @entity717 for XXXX of the femoral head with large lesion.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['posterior rotation']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['narrowing']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity1 with @entity360 ( @entity360 ) are defined by overt @entity548 and negative upper and lower endoscopy findings. At present, the place of emergency capsule enteroscopy in @entity1 with severe @entity360 is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield and the impact of emergency capsule enteroscopy on further management in @entity1 with severe @entity360 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 2003 and 2010, we retrospectively included all @entity1 with severe @entity360 who underwent emergency capsule enteroscopy in the 24-48 h following negative urgent upper and lower endoscopy. Severe @entity360 was @entity548 with @entity1344 and/or the need for significant red blood cell transfusion. RESULTS: Out of 5744 @entity1 hospitalized in our Gastrointestinal Bleeding Unit, 55 (1%) presented with severe @entity360 and underwent emergency capsule enteroscopy. Capsule enteroscopy showed blood in 41 @entity1 (75%) and lesions in 37 @entity1 (67%). Findings included @entity2817 in 19 @entity1 (35%), @entity1066 in 7 (13%), @entity5 in 5 (9%), small-bowel varices in 2 (3%), cecum @entity2817 in 4 (7%), fresh blood in small bowel without identified lesion in 12 (22%). Specific diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were undertaken in 78 % of @entity1 . Further management included endoscopy (54%), surgery (22%), and radiology (2%). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency capsule enteroscopy identified @entity548 lesions in 67 % of @entity1 with severe @entity360 . Emergency capsule enteroscopy seems to be a promising diagnostic tool with a subsequent impact on clinical management in @entity1 with severe @entity360 .

title: Yield and impact of emergency capsule enteroscopy in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['defined by ongoing bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia', 'small bowel angiodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding', 'OOGIB']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: Delivery of bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells to the site of injury is an effective strategy to enhance bone healing. An alternate approach is to mobilize endogenous, heterogeneous stem cells that will home to the site of injury. @entity9019 is an antagonist of the @entity9843 ( @entity9843 ) that rapidly mobilizes stem cell populations into peripheral blood. Our hypothesis was that increasing circulating numbers of stem and progenitor cells using @entity9019 will improve bone @entity174 healing. METHODS: A transverse @entity3330 was induced in C57BL/6 @entity19 , after which they were subcutaneously injected for 3 d with @entity9019 or saline control. Mesenchymal stromal cells, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and endothelial progenitor cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow were evaluated by means of flow cytometry, automated hematology analysis and cell culture 24 h after injection and/or @entity174 . Healing was assessed up to 84 d after @entity174 by histomorphometry and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS: @entity9019 injection resulted in higher numbers of circulating mesenchymal stromal cells, hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. Micro-computed tomography data demonstrated that the @entity174 callus was significantly larger compared with the saline controls at day 21 and significantly smaller (remodeled) at day 84. @entity9019 -treated @entity19 have a significantly higher bone mineral density than do saline-treated counterparts at day 84. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that early cell mobilization had significant positive effects on healing throughout the regenerative process. Rapid mobilization of endogenous stem cells could provide an effective alternative strategy to cell transplantation for enhancing tissue regeneration.

title: Mobilization of endogenous stem cell populations enhances @entity174 healing in a XXXX @entity3330 model.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation is less frequently performed in @entity1 when compared to @entity1 . There is conflicting data on the safety and efficacy of @entity955 ablation in @entity1 . The objective of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes in a contemporary cohort of @entity1 and @entity1 undergoing persistent @entity955 ablation procedures. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-two @entity1 and fifty-three @entity1 undergoing a first-ever persistent @entity955 catheter ablation procedure in The Modified Ablation Guided by @entity2780 Use in Chronic @entity955 (MAGIC- @entity955 ) trial were evaluated. Clinical and procedural characteristics were compared between each gender. The primary efficacy endpoint was the 1-year single procedure freedom from @entity943 off anti-arrhythmic drugs. @entity1 undergoing catheter ablation procedures were older than @entity1 (p<0.001). The duration of @entity955 and associated co-morbidities were similar between both genders. Single procedure drug-free @entity943 recurrence occurred in 53% of the cohort with no difference based on gender ( @entity1 = 54%, @entity1 = 53%; p = 1.0). Procedural (p = 0.04), fluoroscopic (p = 0.02) and ablation times (p = 0.003) were shorter in @entity1 compared to @entity1 . Peri-procedural complications and post-ablation improvement in quality of life were similar between @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 undergoing a first-ever persistent @entity955 ablation procedure were older but had similar clinical outcomes and complications when compared with @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Persistent XXXX Ablation In Females: Insight from the MAGIC- @entity955 Trial.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2780 :: ('MESH:C067192', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibutilide']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: From January 1998 to June 1999, 302 clinical isolates of @entity4195 were collected from 10 microbiology laboratories in Portugal. All strains were highly sensitive to @entity114 (MIC90 = 0.012 mg/liter). The prevalence of @entity2929 resistance was 35.8% and of @entity803 resistance 41.4%. The majority (79.6 %) of @entity2929 -resistant strains were of the MLSB constitutive resistance (CR) phenotype with high-level resistance to @entity2929 (MIC90 >256 mg/liter) and to @entity3402 (MIC90 >256 mg/liter), 16.7% showed the M phenotype with low-level @entity2929 -resistance (MIC90 = 24 mg/liter) and susceptibility to @entity3402 , and four isolates showed a phenotype characterized by low-level @entity2929 resistance (MIC90 = 8 mg/liter) and high-level @entity3402 resistance (MIC90 >256 mg/liter), not previously described. @entity2929 resistance was not associated with invasive strains. Only minor discrepancies between disk diffusion and E-test methods were observed. T serotyping was very useful for the epidemiological characterization of the strains. The most prevalent T types were T1, T4, T9, T12, T13, and T28. A statistically significant association with resistance patterns was found: T12 with @entity2929 resistance MLS(B) CR phenotype (p< 0.001), T4 with @entity2929 resistance M phenotype (p<0.001), and T13 with @entity803 resistance (p<0.01). Because of the high prevalence of resistance, careful surveillance of @entity4195 isolates in Portugal is essential, routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing in clinical microbiology laboratories should be strongly encouraged, antibiotic prescription should be reviewed, and macrolides should no longer be used in the empirical therapy of acute @entity7551 .

title: XXXX isolated in Portugal: macrolide resistance phenotypes and correlation with T types. Portuguese Surveillance Group for the Study of Respiratory Pathogens.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'S. pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: The present article describes a successful novel therapeutic intervention with Aredia with one @entity1 with @entity6694 , after suffering from six pathological @entity174 within less than 3  years due to severe @entity170 . Since the initiation of the treatment (3  years ago), the @entity1 has not suffered any @entity174 . @entity1 with @entity102 and those with disabilities or on anticonvulsant medications are at risk for low bone density and possibly for the resultant pathologic @entity174 that define @entity170 in @entity1 . Individuals with @entity6694 ( @entity6694 ) have been shown to have low bone mineral density (or @entity2331 ) at a young age. If @entity170 occurs in a @entity1 with @entity6694 , it can inflict @entity158 and seriously impair the @entity1 's mobility and quality of life. The present article describes a case study of a @entity1 with @entity6694 (showing an average of 1.75 @entity174 annually for the 4  years preceding the treatment) before and after a treatment with Aredia. @entity1 received 30  mg/day for 3  days on a once every 3-month cycle. There was a 45  % improvement in bone mass density (BMD) values from pre-post-intervention. The @entity1 had no @entity174 in the 3  years posttreatment. This finding is significant (p   <   0.03). The BMD Z-scores of the @entity1 showed severe @entity170 (Z-score of -3.8) at pre-intervention and are elevated to @entity2331 levels (Z-score of -1.3) at post-intervention measurements. All measurements suggest that the treatment successfully reversed the @entity3604 and prevented further @entity174 . This change caused great relief to the @entity1 and her family and an improvement in their quality of life. The findings support the ability (in one case) to reverse the progression of @entity170 in individuals with @entity6694 showing severe @entity170 with @entity174 .

title: XXXX in @entity6694 : a case study presenting a novel management intervention for severe @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'girl', 'Patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic process']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'multiple fractures']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['RS', 'Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess total femur replacement for the treatment of @entity2096 . METHODS: Between January 1995 and January 2012, 21 @entity1 with a mean age of 21.8  years old were treated for @entity2096 with total femur replacement. All @entity5 were staged according to Enneking's criteria with one stage IIA case and 20 stage IIB cases. RESULTS: The survival of @entity1 with @entity421 without @entity3 was 66.7  % at 5  years. Twelve @entity1 were alive with an overall mean follow-up of 71.2  months, and the mean postoperative functional score was 72.5  % at their last follow-up. @entity281 occurred in two @entity1 , which were resolved by changing dressing and intravenous antibiotics. @entity281 occurred in one @entity1 , which was an amputation by @entity572 . @entity174 occurred in one @entity1 , which was treated by open reduction and tension band fixation. Local recurrence was seen in one @entity1 , which was an amputation by @entity572 . Pulmonary @entity3 were observed in nine @entity1 and all the @entity1 subsequently died of disease within 12  months. @entity1349 in tibial stem occurred in three @entity1 , whose whole prosthesis was revised. CONCLUSIONS: Total femur replacement is a reliable method to restore mechanical and functional results after extensive resection of the femur.

title: Total femoral reconstruction with custom prosthesis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Patella fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Superficial infection', 'Deep infection']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip disarticulation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: The Magenstrasse and Mill (M_M) procedure for @entity28 is designed to preserve normal gastric emptying mechanisms. The hypothesis investigated in this study was that gastric emptying would be normal after the M_M gastroplasty. Gastric emptying studies were performed using both liquid and solid test meals, in ten morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (MO group) and in 13 @entity1 after the M_M procedure (MM group). Seven @entity1 of normal weight served as controls and were matched for age, sex and height to the M_M and MO groups. Three years after the M_M procedure, mean (SD) @entity353 was 42 (19) kg, with a mean loss of excess weight of 58% (20%). Gastric emptying half-times (t 1/2) are expressed in minutes, as median values (25th and 75th percentiles). The t 1/2 for solids was 97 (85-110) min in the control group, 140 (86-220) min in the MO group and 79 (46-150) min in the MM group. Median gastric emptying for solids was 0.7% (0.6%-0.8%) per minute in the control group, 0.5% (0.3%-0.8%) in the MO group and 0.9% (0.4%-1.4%) in the M_M group. There were no statistically significant differences in the emptying times of the three groups. It is concluded that the M_M procedure achieves acceptable @entity353 , while preserving gastric emptying mechanisms and thus minimising possible side-effects such as @entity391 , dumping and @entity294 , which are common complications of gastric bypass procedures.

title: Gastric emptying after a new, more physiological anti- XXXX operation: the Magenstrasse and Mill procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the physiological role of first-phase insulin release in @entity28 elderly @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Moderately @entity28 elderly @entity1 (n = 14, mean age 77 +/- 2 years, BMI 28.4 +/- 0.7 kg/m2) with @entity164 2 @entity6 underwent three 180-min hyperglycemic clamp studies. In the control study, @entity413 alone was infused. In the first-phase study, @entity1 insulin was infused for the first 4 min at 12 mU/m2 to mimic first-phase insulin release. In the first-phase enhanced study, insulin was infused for the first 4 min at 24 mU.m-2 . @entity1009 . Tritiated @entity413 methodology was used in all studies to measure @entity413 production and disposal rates. RESULTS: @entity413 values were similar in all studies. In the control study, first-phase insulin response was absent. The peak insulin response occurred at 4 min in the first-phase and first-phase enhanced studies, but insulin values were substantially higher in the latter study (528 +/- 40 vs. 340 +/- 24 pmol/l, P < 0.0001). Second-phase insulin responses were not different among the studies. @entity413 production and disposal rates were not significantly different among the studies. CONCLUSIONS: While absent first-phase insulin secretion is a marker of abnormal pancreatic function in @entity28 elderly @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , it is not important in the regulation of hepatic @entity413 output or peripheral @entity413 disposal.

title: Physiological importance of first-phase insulin release in elderly @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) caused by chronic pressure overload is associated with increased risk of @entity741 without @entity453 . We aimed to test the hypothesis that endogenous @entity842 (NO) prevents @entity741 in @entity1 with @entity4346 . METHODS: Epicardial coronary blood flow (Doppler wire and quantitative coronary arteriography) and myocardial @entity880 metabolism (paired arterial and coronary sinus blood sampling) were measured in 12 @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity4346 , and angiographically normal epicardial coronary arteries and in 7 control subjects. Measurements were done under 3 pacing protocols: with no treatment (control), with intracoronary @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ; NO synthesis inhibitor), and with intracoronary @entity534 (NO substrate). RESULTS: In control subjects the myocardial @entity880 extraction ratio was normal and stable during the 3 pacing protocols. In contrast, @entity880 uptake was significantly decreased from 0.21 +/- 0.05 to 0.10 +/- 0.06 (P <.05) during @entity7293 pacing in @entity1 with @entity4346 ; in 6 of them, @entity880 production was demonstrated. After @entity534 administration, the @entity880 extraction ratio during pacing was normalized (0.18 +/- 0.04) and @entity880 production was not observed in any @entity1 . The level of myocardial @entity880 uptake at peak pacing after @entity7293 was correlated with that under untreated condition (P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity4346 , and angiographically normal coronary arteries, inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis in the coronary circulation unmasked @entity741 during @entity591 , and @entity534 reversed the adverse effects of @entity7293 . Although the precise mechanism remains to be determined, our results suggest that constitutive NO in the coronary circulation plays an anti- @entity63 role in this population.

title: Endogenous XXXX prevents @entity741 in @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity4346 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined differences in paternity and levels of the hormones inhibin B, follicle- stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, @entity251 and free @entity251 based on the preoperative location of the undescended testis in @entity1 with previous @entity246 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Testicular location was determined by a review of the medical records and paternity or attempted paternity using a detailed questionnaire administered to 320 @entity1 with previous @entity246 . In 103 cases we performed semen analysis and measured the levels of the hormones inhibin B, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, @entity251 and free @entity251 . Paternity, sperm count and hormonal parameters were compared with cryptorchid testicular location using analysis of variance and chi-square analysis. Logistic regression was done to analyze pretreatment testicular location as a risk factor for @entity249 . RESULTS: Paternity, duration of attempted conception in @entity1 who achieved paternity, sperm count and hormone levels did not differ based on pretreatment abdominal, internal ring, inguinal canal, external ring, upper scrotum or ectopic testicular location. The overall paternity rate was 90% with the lowest rate of 83.3% in the abdominal group. More than 12 months were required to achieve conception in 28.9% of the study group overall and in 39.4% of the abdominal group. Varicocele and a partner with fertility problems were risk factors for @entity249 , while abdominal testicular location caused borderline significant risk. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative testicular location in @entity1 with previous @entity246 is not a major determinant of fertility according to paternity, sperm count or hormone levels.

title: Paternity and hormone levels after XXXX : association with pretreatment testicular location.

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity246 :: (MESH:D003456,Disease) :: ['unilateral cryptorchidism']


abstract: @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) and @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ) are detected in the environment, as well as more specifically in wildlife and @entity1 . However, the toxicokinetic aspects of perfluorochemicals in @entity1 are unclear. In this study, we measured concentrations of @entity2207 and @entity14912 in subjects who had lived in Kyoto city for more than 10 years. The serum concentrations of @entity2207 and @entity14912 were higher in females who menstruated than those who did not menstruation (P<0.01), but in males this did not change by age; the levels in females reached those in males at an age of 60 years. We then determined the renal clearances of @entity2207 and @entity14912 in young (20-40 years old, N=5 for each sex) and old (60 years old, N=5 for each sex) subjects of both sexes. All young females were menstruating, while all old females were not. The renal clearances were 10(-5)-fold smaller than the glomerular filtration rate in @entity1 , suggesting the absence of active excretion in @entity1 kidneys. The renal clearances of @entity2207 and @entity14912 were approximately one-fifth of the total clearance based on their serum half-lives, assuming a one-compartment model. The sex differences in renal clearance that have been reported in @entity35 and Japanese macaques were not found in our @entity1 subjects. We tried to build a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model using the reported half-lives in @entity1 . The model was simple but could predict the serum concentrations in both males and females fairly well. We therefore suggest that an internal dose approach using a pharmacokinetic model should be taken because of the large species differences in kinetics that exist for @entity2207 and @entity14912 .

title: Renal clearance of @entity14911 and @entity2206 in XXXX and their species-specific excretion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanoate']

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorooctane sulfonate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the radiation induced @entity4761 in @entity189 ( @entity189 ) @entity1 who had received different methods of radiotherapy. METHODS: From January 1996 to January 2000, 380 @entity189 @entity1 were divided into conventional fraction ( @entity1577 -175 @entity1 ), late-course accelerated hyperfractionation (LCAF-63 @entity1 ) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT-142 @entity1 ) groups. Conventional radiotherapy was given with a total dose of 70 Gy. @entity1 in the LCAF group were treated with the same fractionation as @entity1577 group until the dose of 36 - 40 Gy, then followed by LCAF radiotherapy to a total dose of 75 Gy. IMRT in the form of full-course was given to a total dose of 72 Gy. Acute @entity8174 was observed during the treatment. The parotid secretory function was examined 2 years after radiotherapy. RESULTS: The dose of parotid in IMRT was much lower than those in the other 2 groups. Extreme damage rates of parotid secretory function in @entity1577 , LCAF and IMRT groups were 81.7%, 81.0% and 69.7% (P < 0.05); acute @entity8174 rates were 23.4%, 20.4% and 41.3% respectively, with the differences among the 3 groups significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The radiation parotid functional damage differs in the various methods of radiotherapy. IMRT, being able to improve the @entity5 target coverage and spare the adjacent critical structures, is indicated for @entity189 .

title: [ @entity4761 after various methods of radiotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotiditis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity4761 :: ('MESH:D010305', 'Disease') :: ['parotid dysfunction']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: The presence of ischaemic myocardial tissues in @entity39 territories and the usefulness of revascularizing these territories are controversial matters. We have determined the existence of this phenomenon by the per-angioplastic intracoronary ECG method, and we have compared the sensitivities of intracoronary ECG and surface ECG. Intracoronary EVG is achieved by using the mobile teflon-coated guide wire of coronary angioplasty as a unipolar epicardial electrode. Being epicardial and localized, the electrode explores a limited area of the myocardium, distal to the artery being dilated and momentarily occluded by the balloon during inflations. The study involved 12 @entity1 (mean age 53.7 years) who presented with the following criteria of admission: transmural @entity583 , presence of a Q wave on two leads, @entity2845 segment at ventriculography and @entity3979 or occlusion amenable to angioplasty. @entity1 with collateral circulation between the larger epicardial vessels were excluded. Intracoronary ECG recordings were taken before, during and after inflations. In 9 out of 12 @entity1 the ST segments was elevated by 1.3 mV on average between inflations (S.D. 3.14 mV) and by 4.8 mV (S.D. 3.99 mV) during inflations. These high standard deviations were due to major inter- and intra-individual variations of ST. The difference was significant (p less than 0.05) at variance analysis. No variation of ST was observed in 3 @entity1 . Only one of the 12 @entity1 had elevated ST on both surface ECG and intracoronary ECG tracings. Thus, intracoronary ECG is a sensitive method to evaluate @entity296 during coronary angioplasty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Demonstration of reversible myocardial ischemia in @entity39 XXXX areas using endocoronary ECG during angioplasty].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2845 :: (MESH:D018476,Disease) :: ['akinetic']


abstract: One hundred and ten @entity1 (M/F = 67/43) from King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and the provincial hospitals of Uttaradit, Ayudhaya, and Sakonnakorn, who were clinically diagnosed with @entity281 and serologically confirmed by ELISA anti-Dengue IgM and IgG were recruited. Their serum NO level was measured using commercially available assay kits to investigate its correlation with the severity of the @entity281 : @entity779 ( @entity779 ), DHF I/II, and DHF III/IV or @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ). Serum NO levels were also measured in 38 healthy controls (M/F = 19/19). Serum NO levels in @entity779 @entity1 were lower than those of the controls (control = 168.18 +/- 24.10 micromol/l, @entity779 = 124.94 +/- 36.79 micromol/l, DHF I/II = 99.69 +/- 33.42 micromol/l, and DHF III/IV = 120.63 +/- 46.26 micromol/l; p < 0.05). Serum NO levels in @entity1 with DHF I/II were significantly lower than in those with DHF III/IV. These preliminary data revealed that levels of serum NO in @entity779 @entity1 were significantly lower than those of normal controls. @entity1 with @entity7643 had higher NO levels than those with DHF I/II. The decreased NO in @entity779 @entity1 could be due to endothelial damage rendering the endothelium incapable of producing NO. Endothelial function seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity281 . Further studies are required to see whether serum NO levels could play a role in the course of the disease and could help predict the severity of @entity281 .

title: Serum nitric oxide in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['DF', 'dengue fever', 'dengue']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue shock syndrome', 'DSS']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['dengue infection']


abstract: Atypical antipsychotics such as @entity1088 and @entity1037 have been shown to enhance @entity112 turnover and this effect has been hypothesized to contribute to their improved therapeutic profile compared to typical antipsychotics. In the present study, we examined the effects of antipsychotic drugs on @entity112 (HA) efflux in the mPFC of the @entity35 by means of in vivo microdialysis and sought to differentiate the receptor mechanisms which underlie such effects. @entity1037 and @entity1088 increased mPFC HA efflux in a dose related manner. Increased HA efflux was also observed after @entity1089 , @entity2644 , and @entity21886 treatment. We found no effect of the selective @entity750 (2A) antagonist @entity36673 , @entity750 (2c) antagonist @entity21483 , or the @entity750 (6) antagonist @entity45420 on mPFC HA efflux. HA efflux was increased following treatment with selective H(1) receptor antagonists @entity8765 , @entity3933 , and @entity45421 , the H(3) receptor antagonist @entity10449 and the mixed @entity750 (2A)/H(1) receptor antagonist @entity6009 . The potential novel antipsychotic drug FMPD, which has a lower affinity at H(1) receptors than @entity1037 , did not affect HA efflux. Similarly, other antipsychotics with lower H(1) receptor affinity ( @entity1090 , @entity1770 , and @entity1767 ) were also without effect on HA efflux. Finally, HA efflux after antipsychotic treatment was significantly correlated with affinity at H(1) receptors whereas nine other receptors, including @entity750 (2A), were not. These results demonstrate that both typical and atypical antipsychotics increase mPFC @entity112 efflux and this effect may be mediated via antagonism of @entity112 H(1) receptors.

title: Typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs increase extracellular @entity112 levels in the XXXX medial prefrontal cortex: contribution of @entity112 h(1) receptor blockade.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity45421 :: ('MESH:D014311', 'Chemical') :: ['triprolidine']

entities_list: @entity21886 :: ('MESH:D010546', 'Chemical') :: ['perphenazine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrilamine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity10449 :: ('MESH:C115705', 'Chemical') :: ['ciproxifan']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. Regulation of the increase in @entity671 ( @entity9421 ) production and intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i by @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) was investigated in @entity235 cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells (TSMCs). Stimulation of TSMCs by @entity750 ( @entity750 ) caused an initial transient [ @entity141 ]i peak followed by a sustained elevation of [ @entity141 ]i in a concentration-dependent manner. 2. Pretreatment of TSMCs with @entity1359 ( @entity4515 , 1 microM) for 30 min blocked the @entity750 -induced IP3 formation and @entity141 mobilization. This inhibition was reduced after the cells had been incubated with @entity4515 for 8 h, and within 48 h the @entity750 -induced @entity141 mobilization reached the same extent as control cells. 3. The concentration of @entity4515 that gave half-maximal inhibition of @entity750 -induced increase in [ @entity141 ]i was 4 nM. Pretreatment of TSMCs with @entity866 (1 microM) of @entity11009 (0.1 microM), @entity7131 inhibitors, inhibited the ability of @entity4515 to attenuate @entity750 -induced responses, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of @entity4515 was mediated through the activation of @entity7131 . 4. In parallel with the effect of @entity4515 on @entity750 -induced IP3 formation and @entity141 mobilization, the translocation and down-regulation of @entity7131 isozymes were determined by Western blot analysis in TSMCs. Analysis of cell extracts by Western blotting with antibodies against different @entity7131 isozymes revealed that TSMCs expressed @entity7131 -alpha, beta I, beta II, delta, epsilon, theta and zeta. With @entity4515 treatment of the cells for various times, translocation of @entity7131 -alpha, beta I, beta II, delta, epsilon, and theta from the cytosol to the membrane was seen after 5 min, 30 min, 2 h, and 4 h treatment. However, 24 h treatment caused a partial down-regulation of these @entity7131 isozymes @entity7131 -zeta was not significantly translocated and down-regulated at any of the times tested. 5. In conclusion, these results suggest that activation of @entity7131 may inhibit the receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and consequently attenuate the [ @entity141 ]i increase or inhibit both responses independently. The translocation of @entity7131 -alpha, beta I, beta II, delta, epsilon, and theta induced by @entity4515 caused an attenuation of @entity750 -stimulated IP3 accumulation and @entity141 mobilization in TSMCs.

title: Inhibition of @entity750 -induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis and XXXX mobilization in @entity235 cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells by phorbol ester.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An @entity1 born with @entity45289 had development of intractable @entity294 and was found to have total epithelial detachment of @entity356 . She had no @entity272 . Parental consanguinity and @entity45289 in a sibling who died without autopsy suggest an inherited origin for this disorder. The purpose of this study was to examine defects in intestinal and skin cell adhesion. METHODS: Histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of the skin and gut of the @entity1 were compared with that of normal control subjects. Distribution of adhesion molecules was determined. RESULTS: Immunofluorescent analysis of the digestive mucosa showed alpha6beta4 integrin expression deficiency at the epithelial cell-lamina propria junction. Ultrastructural examination of the digestive mucosa revealed a complete epithelial detachment with a cleavage plane lying between the lamina densa and the basal pole of the enterocytes. Consistent with the absence of skin blistering, integrin alpha6beta4 was expressed at the @entity3161 . Electron micrographs of skin biopsy specimens showed the presence of normal hemidesmosomes and the absence of @entity7674 . CONCLUSION: It was postulated that this @entity1 had protracted @entity294 related to epithelial detachment of the digestive mucosa as a consequence of a deficiency of an integrin alpha6beta4 isoform specific to the gut.

title: Isolated deficient alpha6beta4 integrin expression in the gut associated with intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity45289 :: ('MESH:C562561', 'Disease') :: ['pyloric atresia']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['dermal-epidermal dysadhesion']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['dermal-epidermal junction']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and small and large bowel mucosa']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: We report 2 cases of primary central nervous system (CNS) @entity706 arising in the region of the optic nerve. For both @entity1 , diagnosis of @entity706 was impossible without histological examination because of the rarity of the @entity706 location. The first case involved an 84-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity1018 and @entity4614 . Intraoperative finding was @entity5150 ; histological diagnosis was diffuse large B cell @entity706 , however. The second case involved a 67-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity1018 . The pre-surgical diagnosis was @entity1781 ; this was then revised to @entity738 . The @entity5 arose in the optic nerve. @entity1499 and rituximab were administered and the @entity1 remained in complete remission for 3 years. However, a @entity548 occurred. Although most of the @entity706 cells obtained from the initial surgery were negative for @entity7 ( @entity7 ) immunoreactivity, high levels of @entity7 immunoreactivity in @entity706 cells was detected in the specimen obtained after intratumoral bleeding at recurrence, and correlation between @entity7 reactivity and @entity5 recurrence was suggested. To date, primary @entity149 with @entity1779 have been reported in 3 cases only, and a correlation between intratumoral hemorrhage and the degree of @entity7 expression has been suggested. @entity7 also might have predictive significance for recurrence.

title: @entity149 arising in the region of the optic nerve presenting as @entity1018 : 2 case reports, including a @entity1 with a massive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['sudden intratumoral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5150 :: ('MESH:D020339', 'Disease') :: ['optic glioma']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most sensitive and specific method of detecting @entity14 hepatic @entity3 has been shown to be a combination of careful intraoperative palpation and intraoperative ultrasound. Although there has been growing interest in laparoscopic surgical therapy for @entity14 , the ability of this technique to adequately evaluate the liver for small @entity3 has been unknown. This study was undertaken to compare laparoscopic liver ultrasound to the gold standard of open palpation and intraoperative ultrasound in detecting hepatic @entity3 from @entity14 . METHODS: A preliminary animal model was first performed in adult @entity1707 . Eighteen liver "lesions" were created with @entity5164 under laparoscopic guidance. A blinded surgeon then performed laparoscopic liver ultrasound followed by open ultrasound and palpation, comparing the accuracy of these techniques in detecting the lesions. In a second study, 15 @entity1 undergoing laparotomy for @entity14 underwent preliminary laparoscopic liver ultrasound followed by open palpation and intraoperative ultrasound to compare these methods of liver evaluation. RESULTS: Laparoscopic liver ultrasound detected 17 of 18 lesions created in the @entity1707 livers, for a sensitivity of 94.4%. There were two false negatives, for a specificity of 77.7%. Laparoscopic liver ultrasound detected 4 of the 5 liver @entity3 in the @entity1 study, for a sensitivity of 80%. There was a single false negative, for a specificity of 90.9%. Several technical difficulties and their solutions are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: With several technical modifications guided by our initial experience, we believe laparoscopic liver ultrasound can be an effective way of evaluating the liver for @entity3 during laparoscopic colorectal resection for @entity5 .

title: The accuracy of laparoscopic ultrasound in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer liver metastases']