abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 ( @entity195 ), according to the free radical hypothesis, affects brain regions where free radical damage occurs. Antioxidant nutrients may help to protect these brain regions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether plasma @entity620 and E status is lowered in subjects with @entity195 and @entity303 . DESIGN: A case control study was conducted in 93 institutionalized subjects aged 65 + yrs. The @entity303 group (N = 43) included 15 subjects with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and 28 subjects with @entity195 , while the control group included 50 subjects with no @entity73 . Subjects with uncontrolled @entity101 and/or @entity6 were excluded from the study. Plasma @entity620 and E was determined using the @entity19920 and the HPLC methods, respectively. Dietary intake, including dietary supplements, was assessed using a 2-day plate-waste method. Cognitive function was measured using the MMSE and nutritional status assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool. RESULTS: The control group had significantly higher scores for the MNA, MMSE and Activities of Daily Living, compared with the @entity303 group. Controls had a significantly higher plasma @entity620 concentration than @entity303 @entity1 (median = 0.84 (IQR = 0.54) mg/dl and 0.56 (0.80) mg/dl, respectively; P<0.05). The @entity303 group were more likely to have sub-optimal plasma @entity620 levels (< 0.6 mg/dl) than control subjects (OR = 2.99; 95 % CI = 0.95 9.79; P<0.05), despite having similar dietary @entity620 intakes. Plasma @entity620 was positively associated with MMSE score (r = 0.21; P<0.05). No difference was found between the groups for either plasma or dietary @entity270 . CONCLUSION: Plasma @entity620 levels were lower in subjects with @entity303 compared to controls, which was not explained by their dietary @entity620 intakes. This data supports the free radical theory of oxidative neuronal damage. Further investigations of whether supplementation with this vitamin may prevent or delay the progression of @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity195 appear warranted.

title: Lowered plasma @entity620 , but not @entity270 , concentrations in @entity303 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity19920 :: ('MESH:D015086', 'Chemical') :: ['2,6- dichlorophenolindophenol']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer s Disease', 'Alzheimer s disease', 'senile dementia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite its high incidence and severe morbidity, the physiopathogenesis of @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) is still unknown. Here, we looked for @entity154 in @entity1615 which are likely to be the cause of @entity85 and could also be targeted by early treatments. We focused on the vestibular system, which is suspected of acting in @entity1615 pathogenesis and which exhibits an end organ with size and shape fixed before birth. We hypothesize that, in adolescents with @entity2112 , @entity154 were already present at birth and could possibly have caused other abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The vestibular organ of 18 adolescents with @entity1615 and 9 controls were evaluated with MRI in a prospective case controlled study. We studied lateral semicircular canal orientation and the three semicircular canal positions relative to the midline. Lateral semicircular canal function was also evaluated by vestibulonystagmography after bithermal caloric stimulation. RESULTS: The left lateral semicircular canal was more vertical and further from the midline in @entity1615 (p = 0.01) and these two parameters were highly correlated (r = -0.6; p = 0.02). These morphological anomalies were associated with functional anomalies in @entity1615 (lower excitability, higher canal paresis), but were not significantly different from controls (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Adolescents with @entity2112 exhibit morphological vestibular asymmetry, probably determined well before birth. Since the vestibular system influences the vestibulospinal pathway, the hypothalamus, and the cerebellum, this indicates that the vestibular system is a possible cause of later morphological, hormonal and @entity154 observed in @entity1615 . Moreover, the simple lateral SCC MRI measurement demonstrated here could be used for early detection of @entity1615 , selection of @entity1 for close follow-up, and initiation of preventive treatment before @entity85 occurs.

title: Lateral Semicircular Canal Asymmetry in XXXX : An Early Link between Biomechanical, Hormonal and Neurosensory Theories?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory anomalies', 'early anomalies', 'vestibular morphological anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Scoliosis']


abstract: Brain transplantation of neurons may reach two different targets: (1) drug delivery system: eg dopaminergic (DA) neurons in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) or indirect gene therapy in @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ), and (2) organotypic reconstruction: eg striatal neurons in @entity2033 . Most published reports are phase 1, pilot trials: not all @entity1 are responders, graft is followed by a 30p.100 decrease of daily levodopa intake, with an improvement of duration and severity of defined "off" periods and a decrease of the UPDRS score measured in "off". Only one phase 2 trial is completed. A moderate improvement of motor symptoms was observed along with a decrease of daily antiparkinsonian drug intake. PET imaging with labelled fluorodopa shows typically an increase of Ki, meaning an increase of uptake in the striatum as compared to the cortex. @entity910 seen in some @entity1 suggest either a lesion effect into the striatum, or indicate that the heterotopy of the grafted neurons may be partially harmful to the motor pathways. Xenografts with porcine neurons led to poor survival. More than ten years following the first published results, whereas improvement of motor symptoms and reduction or cessation of dopaminergic drugs may be observed, transplantation remains a matter of technical and ethical concerns. It remains in the field of medical research. Many questions remain unanswered, namely: the best location and size of transplantation; the amount of grafted neurons; the need and duration of immunosuppressive treatments; the best source of neurons to be tarnsplanted and the long term effect as compared to other medical or surgical treatments. Nervertheless one can be convinced that this method may be not harmful to @entity1 and thus deserves new clinical trials aimed at giving logical and documented answers to the many questions asked above.

title: [Treatment of XXXX by cell transplantation]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Eimeria carmelinoi @entity8891 ., is described in the teiid lizard Kentropyx calcarata Spix, 1825 from north Brazil. Oocysts subspherical to spherical, averaging 21.25 x 20.15 micro m. Oocyst wall smooth, colourless and devoid of striae or micropyle. No polar body or conspicuous oocystic residuum, but frequently a small number of fine granules in @entity717 . Sporocysts, averaging 10.1 x 9 microm, are without a Stieda body. Endogenous stages characteristic of the genus: intra-cytoplasmic, within the epithelial cells of the ileum and above the host cell nucleus. A re-description is given of a parasite previously described as Eimeria cnemidophori, in the teiid lizard Cnemidophorus lemniscatus lemniscatus. A study of the endogenous stages in the ileum necessitates renaming this coccidian as Acroeimeria cnemidophori (Carini, 1941) nov.comb., and suggests that Acroeimeria pintoi Lainson _ Paperna, 1999 in the teiid Ameiva ameiva is a synonym of A. cnemidophori. A further intestinal coccidian, Acroeimeria paraensis @entity8891 . is described in C. l. lemniscatus, frequently as a @entity325 with A. cnemidophori. Mature oocysts, averaging 24.4 x 21.8 microm, have a single-layered, smooth, colourless wall with no micropyle or striae. No polar body, but the frequent presence of a small number of fine granules exhibiting @entity717 . Sporocysts 9 x 8, without a Stieda body. Endogenous stages epicytoplasmic, characteristic of the genus, in the upper ileum. The importance of a study of the endogenous stages of eimeriid coccidia is discussed.

title: Intestinal coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of Brazilian lizards. Eimeria carmelinoi @entity8891 ., from Kentropyx calcarata and Acroeimeria paraensis XXXX . from Cnemidophorus lemniscatus lemniscatus (Lacertilia: Teiidae).

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Brownian movement', 'Brownian movements']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

answer: @entity8891 :: (42353,Species) :: ['n.sp']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Changes in histone acetylation could contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity308 and antidepressant therapy. Using the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model of @entity308 and different antidepressant treatments we studied the regulation of histone deacetylases ( @entity15152 * s) and synaptic plasticity markers in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Further, functional implication of identified @entity15152 * s in brain plasticity was explored. @entity19 were exposed to CSDS (10 days) followed by saline or @entity2645 (4 weeks). PFC @entity15152 * s mRNA abundance was studied and compared to @entity1 * s. Further, protein expression of acetylated histones (AcH3 and AcH4), neuroplasticity markers ( @entity10366 and pro- @entity2252 ) and selected @entity15152 * s were analyzed. Moreover, other antidepressants ( @entity905 and @entity18891 ) and selective @entity15152 inhibitors were studied. CSDS increased @entity19403 and @entity11935 mRNA whereas repeated @entity2645 did the opposite. Accordingly, stress and @entity2645 induced opposite changes on AcH3, AcH4 and @entity10366 expression. At protein level, CSDS upregulated nuclear fraction of @entity19403 and repeated @entity2645 and @entity18891 increased its phosphorylated form (p- @entity19403 ), mainly located in the cytoplasm. Moreover, @entity11935 was downregulated by all monoaminergic antidepressants. Further, repeated treatment with the class IIa @entity15152 inhibitor @entity57435 and the @entity11935 inhibitor 33i for three weeks increased synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex. Our results suggest that @entity19403 and @entity11935 upregulation could constitute stable stress-induced @entity528 . Noteworthy, the @entity11935 upregulation in @entity308 @entity1 supports the interest of this target for therapeutic intervention. On the other hand, cytoplasmic @entity19403 export and @entity11935 downregulation induced by monoaminergic antidepressants could contribute to the well-known beneficial effects of antidepressants on brain plasticity.

title: Chronic stress and antidepressant induced changes in @entity19403 and XXXX affect synaptic plasticity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal adaptations']

answer: @entity11935 :: (22933,Gene) :: ['Sirt2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are conflicting results in the literature regarding the @entity5 volume (TV) threshold that defines insignificant @entity263 ( @entity263 ). In this study, we retrospectively evaluate the association of an increasing TV with biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy (RP) in order to provide further clarification surrounding the TV threshold definition for insignificant @entity263 . METHODS: RP @entity1 were recruited from January 2004 to December 2009. Inclusion criteria were localized (stage  <=pT2c, negative surgical margins) Gleason 6 @entity263 with a total TV of  <=2.50   cm(3) . BCR was the primary outcome and defined as a PSA of >= 0.1. All cases with BCR were re-evaluated by the pathologist with reassessment of @entity5 grade, pathological stage and surgical margin status. RESULTS: From 1,636 @entity1 , 178 @entity1 (10.9%) met all inclusion criteria. Ninety-six @entity1 (53.9%) had a TV <0.5   cm(3) and 82 @entity1 (46.1%) had a TV 0.5-2.5   cm(3) . Three out of 178 @entity1 (1.7%) presented with BCR during follow-up. One of these had TV <0.5   cm(3) and two had TV 0.5-2.5   cm(3) . These three cases of BCR underwent re-review of pathology; one @entity1 was found to have a positive surgical margin and one @entity1 was upgraded to Gleason 3   +   4   =   7. The third @entity1 was re-reported as having positive margins for a benign hyperplastic nodule (incomplete RP specimen). Subsequently, these three cases were excluded from final analysis as they did not fit inclusion criteria. Median follow-up duration was 84 months (IQR 70-102 months). On final analysis, there were no @entity1 with BCR, corresponding with a final BCR rate of 0% for both @entity1 with a TV of <0.5   cm(3) and 0.5-2.5   cm(3) . CONCLUSIONS: Our results have shown that, with a median follow-up of 84 (IQR 70-102) months, @entity1 in our cohort with localized Gleason 6 @entity263 with a total TV 0.5-2.5   cm(3) have a BCR rate of 0%. We would support a more liberal total TV threshold of 2.5   cm(3) for the further development of algorithms to identify @entity1 suitable for active surveillance.

title: XXXX volume in insignificant @entity263 : Increasing the threshold is a safe approach to reduce over-treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 171 Background: Concurrent radiotherapy to the pelvis plus a prostate boost with long term @entity342 deprivation is a standard of care for LAPC. IMRT has the ability to deliver highly conformal dose to the target while lowering the irradiation of critical organs around the prostate. However, delivery time is signicantly prolonged with static gantry IMRT. VMAT is able to reduce treatment time but results concerning organ sparing are controversial when compared to static gantry IMRT. METHODS: 10 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 were included in this dosimetric study. The planning target volumes ( @entity343 ) 1 was defined as the pelvic lymph nodes, the prostate and the seminal vesicles plus set up margins. The @entity343 2 consisted of the prostate with set up margins. The aimed dose to PTV1 was 54 Gy in 37 fractions and to PTV2, 74 Gy in 37 fractions, in a single plan using the integrated boost method, by means of a 7 coplanar static split fields IMRT, a one arc ( @entity35125 ) and a two arc ( @entity35126 ) Rapidarc planification. RESULTS: All three techniques allow a very good coverage of both PTVs with an acceptable homogeneity. Static IMRT enables a better homogeneity for @entity343 2 than Rapidarc techniques. Sliding-window IMRT and VMAT permitted to maintain doses to OAR within acceptable levels with a low risk of side-effects for each organ. Nevertheless, VMAT plans result in clinically and statistically significant reduction in doses to bladder (IMRT Vs @entity35126 : Mean dose: 50.1    4.6 Vs 47.1    3.9 Gy, p = 0.037), rectum (Mean dose: 44    4.5 Vs 41.6    5.5 Gy, p = 0.006) and small bowel (V30: 76,47    14,91% Vs. 47,49    16,91%, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: VMAT allows for better OAR sparing as compared to sliding-window IMRT while maintining @entity343 coverage into acceptable levels for WPI of LAPC.

title: Volumetric modulated arctherapy (VMAT) compared with sliding window intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for whole pelvis irradiation (WPI) of locally advanced XXXX (LAPC).

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity1 AND METHODS: 113 @entity1 underwent cardiac catheterization with selective coronary angiography, ultrasound examination of carotid arteries, and echocardiography. Coronary angiograms were analyzed for disease severity and extent (number of main vessels with > 50% stenosis) carotid ultrasound for number and distribution of calcified plaques among the carotid arteries. Left ventricular diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septal thickness (IVS), and posterior wall thickness (LVPW) in end-diastole were measured echocardiographically. Left ventricular mass divided by body surface area (Q, normal < 150 g/m(2)) and left ventricular relative wall thickness (RWT = [IVS + LVPW]/LVEDD, normal < 0.44) were calculated. A normal left ventricular mass/body surface area with increased relative wall thickness was regarded as left ventricular concentric remodeling, while a hypertrophied left ventricle was denoted eccentric if the relative wall thickness was normal and concentric if the relative wall thickness was increased. Besides the traditional vascular risk factors @entity101 , @entity6 , smoking and @entity1007 as well as body mass index, age and sex were analyzed. RESULTS: Calcified plaques of carotid arteries were significantly correlated (r = 0.432, p < 0.001) with @entity3979 as well as @entity1007 (r = 0.434, p < 0.001), increasing age (r = 0.389, p < 0.001), @entity6 (r = 0.273, p = 0.002), @entity101 (r = 0.203, p = 0.015), and @entity4346 (r = 0.188, p = 0.023) in contrast to smoking status, body mass index, and male sex. The number of calcified plaques was also significantly correlated (r = 0.504, p < 0.001) with severity and extent of @entity453 . Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed higher predictive values including calcified carotid plaques. CONCLUSION: Thus, determination of calcified carotid plaques is useful to improve the predictive value of risk factor-based multivariate models.

title: [Calcified plaques of extracranial carotid arteries and left ventricular geometry as predictors of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The American @entity6 Association's (ADA's) Standards of Medical Care in @entity6 for statin use have changed to be driven by risk status rather than low-density lipoprotein @entity165 level. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to 1) examine how @entity6817 were used by risk status in elderly @entity6 for whom they are recommended by the ADA's Standards with high levels of evidence, and 2) identify potential predictors of statin non-use using data containing Medicare Part D information in understanding how to further align @entity1 care with the ADA's Standards. METHODS: This study was a pooled cross-sectional study of the Medicare Current Beneficiaries Survey from 2006 to 2010. Sampling weights were applied to generate national estimates. Weighted logistic regression was performed to identify potential predicators of statin non-use. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2010, 53.96%, 52.14%, 52.28%, 57.74%, and 59.81% of eligible @entity6 used @entity6817 , respectively. About 70% of the @entity1 with overt @entity65 ( @entity65 ) took @entity6817 while only about 50% of those with @entity65 risk factors used @entity6817 in 2010. Compared to those with overt @entity65 , @entity1 with @entity65 risk factors were less likely to take @entity6817 (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.48-0.64). Other non-use predictors included: non-Hispanic Black, non-metropolitan areas, and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the ADA's statin recommendations increased over the study period. Statin use differed significantly by @entity1 ' risk status. Future ADA's Standards focusing on how to improve utilization of @entity6817 for individuals with different risk status, particularly those with @entity65 risk factors but without overt @entity65 , are warranted.

title: Implementation of the American XXXX Association's Standards of Medical Care post-Medicare Part D: The case of statin utilization in the elderly with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetics']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate antiplatelet prescribing patterns by Indiana University Hospital (IU) neurologists, determine what drives antiplatelet agent decisions, and determine changes made with recurrent cerebrovascular events despite proven antiplatelet therapy. There are now four approved therapies for secondary prevention of cerebrovascular events. As these agents exhibit their effects through different pathways, physicians must choose antiplatelet agents based on other factors. DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed charts of neurology @entity1 diagnosed with non-fatal @entity385 or @entity4905 at IU from January 1, 1997 to August 31, 2001. @entity1 were excluded if: discharge diagnosis was not non-fatal @entity385 or @entity4905 , they were enrolled in clinical trials, or were placed on anticoagulation therapy with @entity1229 . Patients' antiplatelet agents at discharge were reviewed to determine if specific factors led to the choice of antiplatelet agent. RESULTS: A total of 177 @entity1 experienced non-fatal @entity385 or TIAs. Of these, 74 were not on prior antiplatelet therapy and 103 were on antiplatelet agents prior to admission. For @entity1 not on therapy, @entity117 was the most commonly prescribed agent, with a trend for low-dose @entity117 . For @entity1 already on an antiplatelet agent, typically the dose of @entity117 was increased or combination therapy initiated. CONCLUSION: Our experience supports the use of @entity117 as a first-line agent for secondary prevention in @entity66 . For antiplatelet-nai;ve @entity1 , low-dose @entity117 is the most frequently used agent. For @entity1 previously on antiplatelet agents, @entity117 dosage is increased or @entity1397 is added. High-dose @entity117 and @entity1396 use is no longer favored.

title: Antiplatelet prescribing patterns for XXXX and @entity385 : the Indiana University experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity4905 :: (MESH:D002546,Disease) :: ['TIA']


abstract: Lemna protein concentrate (LPC; 68.0% CP) is produced by extracting protein from de-oiled and dehydrated biomaterials from plants of the Lemnaceae family and may be used as a protein source for animals. There are, however, no published data on the nutritional value of LPC fed to @entity1707 . Three experiments were, therefore, conducted to determine the concentration of ME, the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P, and the @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) of @entity5066 in LPC and to compare these values to values for fish meal and @entity1460 meal (SBM). Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the ME of LPC, fish meal, SBM, and @entity4336 . Thirty-two barrows (initial BW: 16.8    2.8 kg) were placed in metabolism cages and allotted to a randomized complete block design with 4 diets and 8 replicate @entity1707 per diet. A @entity4336 -based diet and 3 diets that contained @entity4336 and LPC, fish meal, or SBM were formulated. Feces and urine were collected for 5 d after a 5-d adaptation period, and all samples were analyzed for GE. Results indicated that the concentration of ME was not different among @entity4336 , fish meal, and SBM (3,855, 3,904, and 4,184 kcal/kg DM, respectively), but there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for a reduced ME in LPC (3,804 kcal/kg DM) compared with SBM. In Exp. 2, 24 barrows (initial BW: 12.5    2.5 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 3 diets and 8 replicate @entity1707 per diet and used to determine the STTD of P in LPC, fish meal, and SBM. Three diets that each contained 1 of the 3 test ingredients as the sole source of P were formulated. @entity1707 were placed in metabolism cages, and feces were collected for 5 d after a 5-d adaptation period. The STTD of P in LPC (72.8%) was not different from the STTD of P in fish meal (65.6%), but tended (P = 0.07) to be greater than in SBM (62.8%). The @entity4628 of @entity5066 in LPC, SBM, and fish meal was determined in Exp. 3. Eight barrows (initial BW: 21.4    4.0 kg) were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to a replicated 4   4 Latin square design. A N-free diet and 3 cornstarch-based diets in which SBM, SBM and LPC or SBM and fish meal were the only sources of @entity5066 were formulated. The @entity4628 of most indispensable @entity5066 was greater (P < 0.05) in fish meal than in LPC, but the overall @entity4628 of @entity5066 was not different between fish meal and LPC. In conclusion, the ME and the STTD of P are not different between LPC and fish meal, but there is a tendency for greater ME in SBM than in LPC, whereas the STTD of P tends to be greater in LPC than in SBM. The @entity4628 of the most indispensable @entity5066 is greater in fish meal than in LPC.

title: Concentration of metabolizable energy and digestibility of energy, phosphorus, and amino acids in lemna protein concentrate fed to growing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['SID', 'standardized ileal digestibility']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Genitourinary @entity292 poses a public health challenge in areas where @entity1 have inadequate access to @entity341 . Fistulas typically develop during prolonged, @entity3885 , but providers can also inadvertently cause a @entity292 when performing obstetric or gynecological surgery. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzes 805 @entity4499 from a series of 5,959 @entity1 undergoing @entity790 repair in 11 countries between 1994 and 2012. Injuries fall into three categories: ureteric, vault, and vesico-[utero]/-cervico-vaginal. This analysis considers the frequency and characteristics of each type of @entity292 and the risk factors associated with iatrogenic @entity292 development. RESULTS: In this large series, 13.2  % of @entity790 repairs were for injuries caused by provider error. A range of cadres conducted procedures resulting in iatrogenic @entity292 . Four out of five @entity4499 developed following surgery for obstetric complications: cesarean section, @entity397 repair, or hysterectomy for @entity397 . Others developed during gynecological procedures, most commonly hysterectomy. Vesico-[utero]/-cervico-vaginal @entity292 were the most common (43.6  %), followed by @entity1901 (33.9  %) and vault @entity292 (22.5  %). One quarter of @entity1 with @entity4499 had previously undergone a laparotomy, nearly always a cesarean section. Among these @entity1 , one quarter had undergone more than one previous cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with previous cesarean sections are at an increased risk of @entity130 . Work environments must be adequate to reduce surgical error. Training must emphasize the importance of optimal surgical techniques, obstetric decision-making, and alternative ways to deliver dead babies. Iatrogenic @entity292 should be recognized as a distinct @entity790 category.

title: XXXX : an 18-year retrospective review of 805 injuries.

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric injuries']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['quality emergency obstetric care']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructed labor']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured uterus']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary fistula']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury']

answer: @entity790 :: (MESH:D014564,Disease) :: ['Iatrogenic genitourinary fistula']


abstract: PURPOSE: Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) is an emerging technique for the angiographic assessment of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). The purpose of this work was to determine if multiphasic reconstructions of the same data used for the assessment of @entity453 could also be used for global functional evaluation of the left ventricle (LV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity741 ( @entity741 ) were imaged for @entity453 using a contrast-enhanced retrospective electrocardiographic-gated spiral technique on a MSCT scanner. The same data were reconstructed at both end-diastole and end-systole in order to measure left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic volume (LVESV), and ejection fraction (LVEF). The results were compared to values obtained using a cine true-fast imaging with steady-state precession technique on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Interobserver variability in the measurement from MSCT images was also evaluated. RESULTS: For LVEF, there was substantial agreement between MSCT and MRI (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.825); the intermodality reproducibility for LVEF (5%) was within an acceptable clinical range. However, mean values of LVEDV and LVESV with MSCT compared to cine MRI (LVEDV: 262.0 +/- 85.6 ml and 297.2 +/- 98.8 ml, LVESV: 196.2 +/- 75.6 ml and 218.6 +/- 90.99 ml, respectively) were significantly less for both volumes (p < 0.015). Intermodality variabilities for these measurements were high (15 and 13% for LVEDV and LVESV, respectively). Readers' mean measurements of LVESV from MSCT images were significantly different (p = 0.003) resulting in differences in calculation of LVEF (p < 0.024). Still, interobserver variabilities for all values were acceptable (6, 8, and 5% for LVEDV, LVESV, and LVEF, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although values for LVEDV and LVESV were less with MSCT than with MRI, LVEF values were in agreement. This suggests that combined imaging of @entity453 and the evaluation of global @entity1002 due to @entity741 is feasible with the same MSCT acquisition.

title: Evaluation of left ventricular dysfunction using multiphasic reconstructions of coronary multi-slice computed tomography data in XXXX with @entity741 : validation against cine magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ischemic heart disease', 'CIHD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1274 after @entity4008 is common. It is thought to be secondary to cochlear inflammation from direct bacterial seeding through the cochlear aqueduct. Although cochlear ossification with or without vestibular involvement is common, @entity394 is rare. We review our recent experience with @entity394 associated with profound @entity1274 and the implication for cochlear implantation in this population. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral center. @entity1 : @entity1 referred with profound @entity1274 after @entity4008 with evidence of ossified vestibular labyrinth but normal cochleae on computed tomographic scanning were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS We review the history, imaging findings, operative intervention, and operative findings in this series of @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical history, imaging findings, operative intervention, and operative findings. RESULTS: Three @entity1 with @entity394 without computed tomographic evidence of cochlear osteoneogenesis were identified. Two of these @entity1 subsequently underwent cochlear implantation with the Clarion device with complete insertion of the electrode array. Intraoperatively, one @entity1 had isolated scala tympani ossification and the implant electrode array was placed within the scala vestibuli. CONCLUSION: A pattern of @entity1274 and isolated ossification of the vestibular system without radiographic evidence of cochlear involvement may be seen after @entity4008 . In these @entity1 , magnetic resonance imaging scanning should be performed, because computed tomographic scanning may not always detect cochlear ossification. Cochlear implantation is feasible in these @entity1 .

title: Isolated vestibular ossification after meningitis associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['isolated vestibular ossification']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'Sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3190 is widely thought to be a compensatory response to insulin resistance, whereas its potentially causal role in the progression of insulin resistance remains to be established. Here, we aimed to examine whether @entity3190 could affect the progression of insulin resistance in Zucker fatty @entity6 (ZDF) @entity35 . Male ZDF @entity35 , at 8 weeks of age, were fed a diet ad libitum (AL) or DR of either 15% or 30% from AL feeding over 6 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was determined by @entity1717 . ZDF @entity35 in AL group progressively developed @entity4854 and @entity3190 by 10 weeks of age, and then plasma insulin rapidly declined to near normal levels by 12 weeks of age. Compared with AL group, DR groups showed delayed onset of @entity4854 and persistent @entity3190 , leading to weight gain and raised plasma @entity412 and free @entity844 by 14 weeks of age. Notably, insulin sensitivity was significantly reduced in DR group rather than AL group, and was inversely correlated with plasma levels of insulin and @entity412 , but not @entity413 . Moreover, enhanced lipid deposition and up-regulation of genes involved in lipogenesis were detected in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues of DR group rather than AL group. Alternatively, continuous @entity3190 induced by insulin pellet implantation produced a @entity1720 in ZDF @entity35 . These results suggest that chronic @entity3190 may lead to the progression of insulin resistance under DR conditions in association with altered lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues in ZDF @entity35 .

title: Chronic hyperinsulinemia contributes to insulin resistance under dietary restriction in association with altered lipid metabolism in Zucker XXXX fatty @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between sleep duration and @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). METHODS: We evaluated 3,968 subjects who underwent health check-ups from June 2012 to May 2013 at the Watari Hospital Health Center in Fukushima Prefecture in Japan. @entity1560 was detected by ultrasonography. Sleep duration and lifestyle factors were estimated using a questionnaire. Sleep duration was categorized into the following groups:  <= 6, 6 to  <= 7, >7 to  <= 8, and >8 h. The four sleep duration groups were compared using the   (2) test and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: In total, 2,172 subjects were enrolled. The overall prevalence of @entity1561 was 29.6% ( @entity1 , 38.0%; @entity1 , 25.3%). The proportion of @entity1561 tended to decrease as sleep duration increased in @entity1 . The proportion with @entity1561 was lowest in the group with a sleep duration of 6 to  <= 7 h and highest in the groups with sleep durations of  <= 6 and >8 h in @entity1 . The distribution showed a U-shaped curve. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for subjects with @entity1561 with a sleep duration  <= 6 h compared to the reference (6 to  <= 7 h) was 1.44 (1.06-1.96) in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Sleep shortage tends to be associated with @entity1561 in @entity1 and may be mediated by body adiposity.

title: The Association between Sleep Duration and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Japanese @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Fatty liver']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Administration of @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) causes @entity56 reactions clinically characterized by skin involvement, @entity1712 , and systemic symptoms. These reactions have an immune etiology; however, the role of T cells is not well defined. The aim of this study was to characterize the specificity, phenotype, and cytokine profile of @entity2050 -specific T cells derived from hypersensitive individuals. Proliferation of blood lymphocytes was measured using the lymphocyte transformation test. @entity2050 -specific T cell clones were generated by serial dilution and characterized in terms of their cluster of differentiation and T cell receptor V beta phenotype. Proliferation, @entity137 , and cytokine secretion were measured by @entity665 incorporation, @entity8680 release, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. HLA blocking antibodies were used to study the involvement of antigen-presenting cells. The specificity of the drug T cell receptor interaction was studied using @entity2050 metabolites and other structurally related compounds. Lymphocytes from hypersensitive @entity1 (stimulation index: 32.1 +/- 24.2 [10 microg ml(-1)]) but not control @entity1 (stimulation index: 1.2 +/- 0.4 [10 microg ml(-1)]) proliferated upon stimulation with @entity2050 . Of 44 @entity2050 -specific T cell clones generated, 10 were selected for further analysis. All 10 clones were either CD4+ or CD4+/CD8+, expressed the alpha beta T cell receptor, secreted IFN-gamma, and were cytotoxic. T-cell recognition of @entity2050 was dependent on the presence of HLA class II (DR/DQ)-matched antigen-presenting cells. The T cell receptor of certain clones could accommodate some @entity2050 metabolites, but no cross-reactivity was seen with other anticonvulsants or structural analogs. These studies characterize drug-specific T cells in @entity2050 -hypersensitive @entity1 that are phenotypically different from T cells involved in other serious cutaneous adverse drug reactions.

title: XXXX reactions to @entity2049 : characterization of the specificity, phenotype, and cytokine profile of drug-specific T cell clones.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Wandering is a common problem among @entity1 with @entity195 . Few studies have examined this problematic behaviour in the community. The aim of the present study was to increase our understanding of wandering during @entity195 in subjects living in the community. METHODS: We studied 571 @entity1 with @entity195 living in the community. Objective cognitive status was assessed using a series of standardized neuropsychological tests. Nutritional assessment, risk of fall, autonomy were assessed as well as the burden of their family. The behavioural abnormalities of @entity1 were assessed with their caregiver using the Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory. @entity1 with or without wandering were described. RESULTS: Prevalence of wandering was 12.6%. @entity1 with wandering appeared to have more severe @entity73 , less autonomy and were undernourished. Behavioural and psychological signs significantly associated with wandering were @entity933 , @entity146 , @entity146 , @entity308 , @entity148 , euphoria, apathy, desinhibition and eating @entity74 . Subtype of @entity195 @entity1 seemed to have frontal release behaviour. CONCLUSION: Wandering is a common behaviour in @entity195 @entity1 living in the community. Special care must be organized to help those frail @entity1 and their caregivers.

title: [Wandering and @entity195 . Descriptive study. REAL.FR research program on XXXX and management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness', 'irritability']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behaviour disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Obstructive biological barriers limit the transport and efficacy of @entity5 nanotherapeutics. Creative manipulation of @entity5 microenvironment provides promising avenues towards improving chemotherapeutic response. Such strategies include the use of mechanical stimuli to overcome barriers, and increase drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. The rational use of gold nanorod-mediated mild @entity221 treatment (MHT) alters @entity5 transport properties, increases liposomal @entity136 (Gem Lip) delivery, and antitumor efficacy in @entity788 CAPAN-1 @entity5 model. MHT treatment leads to a threefold increase in accumulation of 80-nm liposomes and enhances spatial interstitial distribution. I.v. injection of Gem Lip and MHT treatment lead to a threefold increase in intratumor @entity136 concentration compared to chemotherapeutic infusion alone. Furthermore, combination of MHT treatment with infusion of 12 mg kg(-1) Gem Lip leads to a twofold increase in therapeutic efficacy and inhibition of CAPAN-1 @entity5 growth when compared to equimolar chemotherapeutic treatment alone. Enhanced therapeutic effect is confirmed by reduction in @entity5 size and increase in apoptotic index where MHT treatment combined with 12 mg kg(-1) Gem Lip achieves similar therapeutic efficacy as the use of 60 mg kg(-1) free @entity136 . In conclusion, improvements in vivo efficacy are demonstrated resulting from MHT treatment that overcome transport barriers, promote delivery, improve efficacy of nanomedicines.

title: Mild XXXX enhances transport of liposomal @entity136 and improves in vivo therapeutic response.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity602 ( @entity602 ) is an underrecognized entity that is often underappreciated by the neurosurgery and neuroradiologic communities. This leads to delayed diagnosis, multiple imaging studies, other diagnostic tests, inappropriate surgeries, and repeat office visits. PURPOSE: To evaluate common associations between @entity602 and @entity1 demographics/clinical presentation and to analyze the potential for delayed diagnosis. @entity1 SAMPLE: @entity1 sample included those diagnosed with @entity602 on imaging at our institution from June 20, 2005 to December 3,  2012. OUTCOME MEASURES: These were based on the @entity1 improvement/stability/decline based on the @entity1 ' most recent clinic/office visit when compared with initial presentation. METHODS: A retrospective search of radiology reports was performed using Illuminate software from June 20, 2005 to December 3, 2012, using the search term "idiopathic @entity602 ." Clinical data were reviewed including @entity1 's age, sex, presenting clinical symptoms, number and type of imaging studies performed as part of the workup, other diagnostic tests, @entity158 procedures, surgeries, and time between original presentation and diagnosis of @entity602 on imaging. RESULTS: A total of 55 @entity1 had the search term "idiopathic @entity602 " included in their radiology report, of which 37 @entity1 were found to meet the imaging and clinical diagnosis of @entity602 . The median time from presentation to imaging diagnosis was 20 months in @entity1 younger than 60 years and 5 months in those 60 years or older (p=.02). Of the 37 @entity1 evaluated, 27 (73%) had no change in symptoms, 5 @entity1 (14%) experienced worsening of symptoms, and 5 (14%) experienced symptom improvement from original presentation to most recent office visit. Among all @entity1 evaluated, three underwent repair of the ventral dural defect in @entity602 , resulting in clinical improvement. There was a median of nine outpatient office visits, three magnetic resonance images (MRIs), and one electromyography (EMG) per @entity1 presenting with @entity602 . The most frequent complaints were @entity615 in 70%, upper/lower extremity @entity1183 / @entity809 /weakness in 49%, @entity427 in 22%, and burning @entity662 in 22%. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged time to diagnosis and subsequent treatment of @entity602 protracts @entity1 symptoms and is associated with redundant diagnostic tests and @entity1 visits. Earlier use of MRI in younger @entity1 (younger than 60 years) may be warranted in those with a clinical presentation suggestive of Brown-Sequard symptomatology. Increasing recognition of @entity602 in imaging and surgical communities would lead to improved @entity1 care.

title: XXXX : an imaging diagnosis with a significant delay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['ISCH', 'spinal cord herniation', 'Idiopathic spinal cord herniation']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['neck/upper back pain']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic spinal cord herniation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The survival motor neuron ( @entity11280 ) protein forms the oligomeric core of a multi-protein complex required for the assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Deletions and mutations in the @entity11280 gene are associated with @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ), a devastating @entity179 that is the leading heritable cause of @entity1 mortality. Oligomerization of @entity11280 is required for its function and some @entity2057 @entity1 mutations disrupt @entity11280 's ability to self-associate. Here, we investigate the oligomeric nature of the @entity11280  @entity65219 complexes from @entity1 and @entity6739 (hSMN  @entity65219 and ySMN  @entity65219 ). We find that hSMN  @entity65219 forms oligomers spanning the dimer to octamer range. The YG box oligomerization domain of @entity11280 is both necessary and sufficient to form these oligomers. ySMN  @entity65219 exists as a dimer-tetramer equilibrium with Kd = 1.0    0.9   M. A 1.9    crystal structure of the ySMN YG box confirms a high level of structural conservation with the @entity1 ortholog in this important region of @entity11280 . @entity1520 crosslinking experiments indicate that @entity11280 tetramers are formed by self-association of stable, non-dissociating dimers. Thus, @entity11280 tetramers do not form symmetric helical bundles such as those found in @entity8959 zipper transmembrane oligomers. The dimer-tetramer nature of @entity11280 complexes and the dimer-of-dimers organization of the @entity11280 tetramer provide an important foundation for ongoing studies to understand the mechanism of @entity11280 -assisted @entity12922 assembly and the underlying causes of @entity2057 .

title: Oligomeric Properties of Survival Motor Neuron  XXXX Complexes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'infant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['Disulfide']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

answer: @entity65219 :: (8487,Gene) :: ['Gemin2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity922 ( @entity922 ) is the smallest change in an outcome, which a @entity1 identifies as meaningful. Although the 2 most frequently applied @entity191 ( @entity191 ) "quality of life" questionnaires (the PDQ-39 and PDQ-8) provide encouragingly similar results, their @entity922 thresholds appear to be vastly different. Our aim was to calculate the @entity922 estimates for both PDQ-39 and PDQ-8 Summary Indices (PDQ-39-SI and PDQ-8-SI) by the utilization of both anchor- and distribution-based techniques. METHODS: Nine hundred eighty-five paired investigations of 365 @entity1 were included. Three different techniques were used simultaneously to calculate the @entity922 values. RESULTS: First, we replicated the previously published results demonstrating how both PDQ-39-SI and PDQ-8-SI provide similar values and respond in a similar way to changes. Subsequently, we calculated the @entity922 thresholds. The most optimal estimates for @entity922 thresholds for PDQ-39-SI were -4.72 and +4.22 for detecting minimal clinically important improvement and worsening. For PDQ-8-SI, these estimates were -5.94 and +4.91 points for detecting minimal clinically important improvement and worsening respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first one that directly compared the @entity922 estimates for both PDQ-39-SI and PDQ-8-SI on a large pool of @entity1 including all disease severity stages. These @entity66319 estimates varied across @entity191 severity.

title: Changes in Quality of Life in XXXX : How Large Must They Be to Be Relevant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['MCID', 'Minimal clinically important difference']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity60441 has long been thought to be cell-surface molecule in certain immune cells and negatively regulates immune response. Recently, overexpression of @entity60441 has been observed in a few @entity5 with unknown function. Here, we showed manipulation of @entity60441 affected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro analyses. In vivo, @entity60441 promoted the @entity5 growth and @entity3 . Furthermore, the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases ( @entity1366 ) was enhanced in @entity60441 overexpressing @entity1149 cells. @entity1366 specific inhibitor @entity5732 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of those cells. Stepwise investigations demonstrated that @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) was the downstream effector of @entity60441 and @entity1366 . Silence of @entity9961 attenuated the migration and invasion activity of @entity60441 overexpressing cells. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity60441 positive expression had a poor @entity1 survival. @entity60441 and @entity9961 expression had notable positive correlation in @entity5 cells, and their co-expression was significantly associated with adverse prognostic factors. Our findings suggest that @entity60441 drives @entity1149 development in part on activation of ERK signaling which in turn upregulates @entity9961 . @entity60441 could be a novel @entity5 therapeutic target for @entity1149 .

title: Immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 promotes @entity5 progression and @entity3 and up-regulates @entity9961 expression via ERK signaling pathway in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-C', 'vascular endothelial growth factor C']

entities_list: @entity60441 :: ('10288', 'Gene') :: ['ILT4', 'Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) 4']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost effectiveness of tension-free vaginal tape compared with open Burch colposuspension as a primary treatment for urodynamic stress @entity322 . DESIGN: Cost-utility analysis alongside a multicentre randomised comparative trial. SETTING: Gynaecology or Urology departments in 14 centres in the UK and Ireland, including University-associated teaching hospitals and district general hospitals. POPULATION: @entity1 with urodynamic stress @entity322 . Exclusion criteria were: (1) detrusor overactivity; (2) major voiding problems; (3) prolapse; (4) previous surgery for @entity322 or prolapse. METHODS: Resource use data were collected on all 344 @entity1 in the trial, including length of hospital stay, time in theatre and management of complications; resource use was costed using UK unit costs at 1999-2000 prices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health outcomes were expressed in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) between baseline and six months follow up, based on @entity1 's responses to the EQ-5D health questionnaire. RESULTS: Tension-free vaginal tape resulted in a mean cost saving of pound 243 (95% CI pound 341 to pound 201) compared with colposuspension. Differential mean QALYs per @entity1 (tension-free vaginal tape - colposuspension) was 0.01 (95% CI -0.01 to 0.03). The probability of tension-free vaginal tape being, on average, less costly than colposuspension, was 100%, and the probability of tension-free vaginal tape being more cost effective than colposuspension was 94.6% if the decision-maker was willing to pay pound 30,000 per additional QALY. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this trial suggest that, over a post-operative period of six months, tension-free vaginal tape is a cost effective alternative to colposuspension. The results will need to be reassessed on the basis of longer follow up.

title: A cost-utility analysis of tension-free vaginal tape versus colposuspension for primary urodynamic stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Smooth @entity11090 of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) presenting as @entity18711 with low @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression has not been reported in previous literature. Here, we report a case of uterine STUMP associated with @entity843 and @entity1143 , which was resolved completely after hysterectomy. A 47-year-old @entity1 presented to the clinic with a complaint of progressive @entity1661 for several months. A large movable, painless pelvic mass located upward above the umbilical level was palpated. Sonography and computed tomography showed a hypervascular solid pelvic mass measuring 20 x 17 x 15 cm in size associated with @entity843 and right @entity1143 . Laparotomy revealed a large uterine mass with @entity843 in the abdomen. Total hysterectomy and left-side salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The final pathologic report revealed a STUMP @entity5 with low expression of @entity7 by immunohistochemistry. A follow-up chest X-ray revealed that the @entity1143 was resolved completely 1 week postoperatively. The @entity1 is doing well without recurrence in the following 2 years. Uterine STUMP @entity5 may cause @entity18711 . However, the @entity843 or the @entity1143 may not be induced by @entity7 , known as vascular permeability factor, in our case.

title: @entity18711 caused by uterine smooth @entity11090 of uncertain malignant potential with low XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumor']

entities_list: @entity18711 :: ('MESH:D008538', 'Disease') :: ["pseudo-Meigs' syndrome"]

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) receiving adequate @entity1307 therapy, the ideal dose of @entity11330 (ND) to enhance muscle mass is not known. METHODS: In this phase II dose-finding study, 54 @entity1 with @entity740 stage 5 were randomized to either low, medium or high doses of ND (50, 100 or 200 mg/week for 24 weeks, respectively, in males; doses halved in females), while 7 @entity1 acted as non-randomized controls. The primary outcome measure was appendicular lean mass (ALM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. @entity1284 (hydration of the fat-free mass) and indicators of physical functioning were secondary measures. Harms were also recorded. Data were analysed using Quade's (1967) non-parametric analysis of covariance. RESULTS: ND increased ALM in a dose-responsive manner (change scores = 0.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.4 kg, control vs. low vs. medium vs. high dose groups, respectively, p < 0.001) with no increases in fluid overload but no consistent effect on physical functioning. The highest dose of ND (100 mg/week) was intolerable in females because of virilizing effects. CONCLUSION: If goals of future studies are to improve body composition, dosing of ND up to 200 mg/week in males and 50 mg/week in females should be investigated. However, to realize improvements in physical functioning, future phase III trials of ND may require additional interventions such as exercise training.

title: @entity11330 as XXXX : a randomized phase II dose-finding study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity11330 :: ('MESH:C003297', 'Chemical') :: ['nandrolone decanoate']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['Fluid overload']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['anabolic therapy in chronic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess ovarian cortex surrounding benign @entity42 after cryopreservation and grafting to @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 . DESIGN: Animal study. SETTING: Academic research laboratories. @entity1 (S): Ovarian tissue obtained from 15 @entity1 . INTERVENTION(S): Grafting of fresh and frozen/thawed ovarian tissue into the subcutaneous space of 22 @entity466 @entity19 for 80 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Histologic analysis before and after grafting. Serum E(2) measured before (after 37 days of grafting) and after FSH/LH supplementation (end of the study). RESULT(S): After grafting, follicular density had decreased for frozen/thawed tissue in all cases. The follicular distribution was modified in fresh tissue: Primordial follicles proportion was reduced (79% vs. 17%), whereas the primary and secondary ones were increased (21% vs. 57% and 0% vs. 23%, respectively). The same tendency was observed in frozen/thawed tissue. Significant E(2) secretion was obtained before and after FSH/LH supplementation in castrated @entity19 , grafted with either fresh or frozen/thawed tissue. CONCLUSION(S): Fresh and cryopreserved ovarian cortex surrounding benign @entity42 grafted into the subcutaneous space of @entity466 @entity19 is able to sustain ovarian tissue function, although follicular growth appears lower with frozen/thawed tissue.

title: Follicular growth and estradiol follow-up after subcutaneous xenografting of fresh and cryopreserved XXXX ovarian tissue.

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: With the advent of modern neonatology and the survival of most premature @entity1 , @entity3166 of the newborn (NEC) has become a relatively frequent illness. NEC, although affecting mainly premies, may still be found in any @entity1 , even full term ones. We therefore believe that it is important for all physicians to become somewhat familiar with this entity. The pathogenesis of NEC is comprised of several variables: mesenteric @entity63 , @entity344 , enteral feedings and even possibly @entity281 . A diagnosis of NEC is based on a combination of clinical and radiological grounds. On radiographs, @entity14515 and air in the portal vein are of special significance. NEC is classified in three broad categories: suspected NEC, definite NEC and advanced NEC. The treatment is either medical or surgical, depending on the severity and the evolution of the disease. It is important to emphasize that any @entity1 who is deteriorating deserves very tight clinical and radiological follow-up. This follow-up should take place in a center where pediatric surgeons are ready to intervene rapidly should there be a need. Even if in some cases NEC is very severe, sometimes fatal, approximately 85% of @entity1 suffering from it survive and among them more than 70% do so without any long term sequelae.

title: [ XXXX of the newborn. Review for the clinician].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal immaturity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity14515 :: ('MESH:D011006', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatosis intestinalis']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['Necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nine- and 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines under development may control @entity66 in nonindustrialized countries. Because these vaccines are expensive, population-based surveillance of @entity66 in @entity1 <36 months of age was undertaken in Santiago, Chile to provide health authorities with reliable data on the burden of invasive @entity66 and causative serotypes, including those in outpatients with high fever. METHODS: Automated blood culture machines were introduced into 9 hospitals that admit 85% of all hospitalized @entity1 in Santiago. Acutely ill pediatric febrile ambulatory @entity1 are attended at 8 emergency rooms (ERs) and 36 urgent primary care services. After a 12-month pilot study in 3 ERs, health authorities collected blood cultures from @entity1 <36 months of age with high fever seen in the ER as standard practice. isolates were serotyped. RESULTS: Blood cultures of 18 (1.2%) of 1,503 outpatients 6 to 35 months of age with high fever in the pilot study yielded S. In the ensuing 24 months 236 @entity1 <36 months old were hospitalized with invasive @entity66 (incidence, 33.9 cases/10(5) @entity1 ), and 188 @entity2259 were detected among ambulatory ER @entity1 with high fever (incidence, 27.0 cases/10(5) @entity1 ). Although serotypes were similar among hospitalized and ambulatory cases (except 18C, which was more common in the latter), case fatality was 9.5% in hospitalized (21 of 236) 0% in ambulatory cases (0 of 188) (P = <0.0001). High level resistance to @entity114 (25.8% vs 10.1%) and @entity3524 (19.5% vs 6.2%) was observed more often among pneumococcal isolates from hospitalized than among ambulatory cases (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ER surveillance detected approximately one case of @entity2259 among febrile ambulatory @entity1 for each hospitalized invasive case. Because 71% of cases were caused by vaccine serotypes (and 87% by vaccine serogroups), 9- and 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines could prevent most invasive @entity66 in Chile.

title: Population-based surveillance for hospitalized and ambulatory pediatric invasive XXXX in Santiago, Chile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease', 'pediatric pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremias', 'pneumococcal bacteremia']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2749 ( @entity2749 ) is associated with @entity146 and @entity645 seroconversion among @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (MSM), yet few studies have examined heavy drinking typologies in this population. METHODS: We analyzed data from 4,075 @entity645 -uninfected MSM (aged 16 to 88) participating in EXPLORE, a 48-month behavioral intervention trial, to determine the patterns and predictors of @entity2749 trajectories. @entity2749 was defined as the number of days in which >= 5 @entity167 drinks were consumed in the past 6  months. Longitudinal group-based mixture models were used to identify @entity2749 trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine correlates of membership in each group. RESULTS: We identified 5 distinct @entity2749 trajectories: nonheavy drinkers (31.9%); infrequent heavy drinkers (i.e., <10 heavy drinking days per 6-month period, 54.3%); regular heavy drinkers (30 to 45 heavy drinking days per 6  months, 8.4%); drinkers who increased @entity2749 over time (average 33  days in the past 6  months to 77  days at end of follow-up, 3.6%); and very frequent heavy drinkers (>100  days per 6  months, 1.7%). Intervention arm did not predict drinking trajectory patterns. Younger age, self-identifying as white, lower educational attainment, @entity308 , and stimulant use were associated with reporting heavier drinking trajectories. Compared to nonheavy drinkers, @entity1 who increased @entity2749 more often experienced a history of childhood @entity458 (CSA). Over the study period, depressive symptomatology increased significantly among very frequent heavy drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic factors, substance use, @entity308 , and CSA were associated with heavier drinking patterns among MSM. Multicomponent interventions to reduce @entity2749 should seek to mitigate the adverse impacts of low educational attainment, @entity308 , and early traumatic life events on the initiation, continuation, or escalation of frequent @entity2749 among MSM.

title: Heavy drinking trajectories among @entity1 who have sex with XXXX : a longitudinal, group-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['Heavy episodic drinking', 'HED']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual risk behavior']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The effect of cationic @entity1522 , i.e. @entity534 and @entity9108 , on protein synthesis in isolated @entity35 islets of Langerhans has been investigated. Except for @entity48045 , the formation of islet proteins is strongly depressed by these @entity1522 . This effect can be demonstrated within a few minutes and is rapidly reversible. For proglucagon, efficient concentrations of @entity369 are in the range of 1 to 10 mmol/l. The sensitivity of proinsulin formation to @entity369 is @entity413 -dependent: at 2.5 mmol/l, inhibitory concentrations of @entity369 are 10-fold lower than in the case of proglucagon. High @entity413 (20 mmol/l) almost completely protects proinsulin synthesis from this inhibition. The proteolytic conversion steps in hormonal precursor processing are not influenced by cationic @entity1522 as studied in intact islets and in a cell-free translational system. It is concluded that @entity369 and @entity376 inhibit protein synthesis in islet cells at the translational level. The release of these @entity1522 by prohormone conversion may exert a feed-back control on proinsulin formation that is modulated by @entity413 .

title: Differential inhibitory action of cationic XXXX on protein synthesis in pancreatic @entity35 islets.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity48045 :: ('MESH:C028456', 'Chemical') :: ['prosomatostatin']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4053 after gastric bypass surgery is a serious problem. Available treatments are often ineffective. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypotheses that injection of rapid acting insulin before a high @entity1735 meal or replacement of other @entity3363 with @entity948 in the meal would prevent @entity4053 . DESIGN: Randomized, crossover trial comparing a high @entity1735 meal with pre-meal saline injection (control), a high @entity1735 meal with pre-meal insulin injection, and a high @entity948 meal with total @entity1735 content similar to the control meal. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity1 : 10 @entity1 with post-gastric bypass hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 . INTERVENTIONS: Lispro insulin injected before test meals and replacement of other @entity3363 with @entity948 in test meals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Plasma @entity413 <60 mg/dL after test meals. RESULTS: After the control meal, mean peak @entity413 and insulin were 173  47 mg/dL and 134  55 mU/L, respectively, mean @entity413 nadir was 44  15 mg/dL, and 8 of 10 subjects demonstrated @entity413 <60 mg/dL. Five subjects demonstrated a @entity413 nadir <40 mg/dL. There were no significant differences in the corresponding values after pre-meal insulin treatment except that the mean @entity413 nadir of 34  10 mg/dL was lower (p<0.05). After the @entity948 meal, mean peak postprandial @entity413 and insulin were 117  20 mg/dl and 45  31 mU/L, respectively (both p<0.001 for comparison with control), mean @entity413 nadir was 67  10 mg/dL (p<0.001) and 2 of 10 subjects demonstrated @entity413 <60 mg/dL (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with post-gastric bypass @entity4053 can consume a meal sweetened with @entity948 with little risk of @entity4053 . Treatment with rapid acting insulin before a @entity1735 containing meal did not prevent @entity4053 .

title: Post-Gastric Bypass Hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 : @entity948 is a XXXX Which Can Be Safely Consumed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'People']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'Postprandial hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: Most of surgeons prefer fistulotomy by laying open technique in treating different types of @entity9292 . We used the radiofrequency fistulotomy procedure in 136 cases of various types of low anal fistulae in a one-year period. The @entity1 were followed for 18 months. The average time for complete wound @entity446 was 37 days and additional follow-up was continued for 7 days. Delayed wound @entity446 occurred in 7 @entity1 . It failed completely in 2 @entity1 and 3 were lost to follow up. No @entity1 had interference with continence. Radiofrequency fistulotomy method was effective with easy tissue excision and minimum @entity548 . It permitted use in deep and difficult areas like the adjoining tracts. The failure rate was 3.7%.

title: Radiofrequency fistulotomy in XXXX . An alternative to conventional surgical fistulotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity9292 :: (MESH:D012003,Disease) :: ['anal fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduced exercise tolerance and @entity1353 are common in older @entity1 , and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) are the main causes. We want to determine the prevalence of previously unrecognized @entity712 , @entity1030 , and other @entity102 in frail older @entity1 using a near-home targeted screening strategy. METHODS: Community-dwelling frail @entity1 aged >= 65 years underwent a 2-step screening strategy. First, they received a questionnaire inquiring about @entity1353 and exercise tolerance. Those with exercise intolerance and/or @entity1353 were invited to visit their primary care physician's office for a screening program, including medical history taking, physical examination, blood tests, electrocardiography, spirometry, and echocardiography. The final diagnosis of every @entity1 was determined by a panel consisting of 3 physicians. RESULTS: Of the 570 elderly who filled out the questionnaire, 395 (69%) had reduced exercise tolerance or @entity1353 . Of these, 389 underwent the screening program: 127 (33.5%, 95% confidence interval, 28.9-38.4%) were newly diagnosed with @entity712 (mainly @entity712 with a preserved ejection fraction [23.5%]), and previously unrecognized @entity1030 was detected in 16.8% (95% confidence interval, 13.4-20.9%). In total, 165 @entity1 (43.9%) received a new diagnosis of either @entity712 , @entity1030 , or both. Other new diagnoses (in 32.7% of the screening program @entity1 ) included @entity955 (1.8%), @entity340 (21.4%), (persisting) @entity565 (3.1%), @entity417 (12.7%), and @entity1374 (0.6%). No clear explanation for the complaints of 47 @entity1 (12.2%) was found using our strategy. CONCLUSION: Unrecognized @entity102 might be detected in community-dwelling frail elderly using a near-home screening strategy that is simple to implement. It remains to be proven, however, whether optimizing treatment of the newly detected diagnoses in this fragile population with multimorbidities and polypharmacy improves quality of life and reduces morbidity and mortality.

title: Unrecognized XXXX and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) in frail elderly detected through a near-home targeted screening strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity455 are traditionally treated via an open thoracotomy. In recent years the use of thoracoscopy has increased. Herein we report our experience with thoracoscopic division of @entity455 in pediatric @entity1 . METHODS: We reviewed all @entity1 who underwent thoracoscopic or open division of a @entity455 at our institution between 2007 and 2015. We analyzed @entity1 demographics, presenting symptoms, diagnostic imaging modality, ring anatomy, operative details, complications, and symptom resolution. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 underwent thoracoscopic division of a @entity455 while sixteen had open operations. Median age was 24months in the thoracoscopic group and 13months in the open group. Operative time averaged 74min (thoracoscopic) and 95min (open). There were no mortalities at 30days. There was complete symptom resolution in 71% of thoracoscopic @entity1 and 63% of open. @entity1 in the thoracoscopic group had decreased ICU admissions (10% vs. 94%), chest tube use (62% vs. 100%), chylothorax (6% vs. 38%) and overall length of stay (1.7days vs. 5days). CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic division of @entity455 in pediatric @entity1 is a feasible alternative to open division and is associated with comparable rates of symptom resolution and decreased length of hospital stay and chylothorax. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Thoracoscopic division of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular rings', 'vascular rings', 'vascular ring']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular rings']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of the use of the 2 -thulium laser in harvesting nasal septal flaps. BACKGROUND DATA: Nasal septal flaps are routinely performed in almost every trans-sphenoidal surgery. The preservation of the arterial vasculature is a mainstay of the procedure. However, the margins of the @entity1912 should be sufficiently healthy to regenerate faster, reducing the risk of possible complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery and removal of @entity977 . Reparation of the defect was performed with the positioning of a rotational vascularized nasal-septal @entity1912 . The flaps were harvested with the aid of the 2 -thulium laser. Every @entity1 was then monitored for 6 months through seriated endoscopic endonasal controls. RESULTS: There were no complications related to the use of the laser, either intraoperatively, or postoperatively. The operative timing did not significantly differ from that of traditional techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the 2 -thulium laser for the harvesting of nasal septal vascularized flaps can be considered safe and feasible. The limited number of treated @entity1 could be considered as the only restriction to the study. A larger study might have uncovered possible instrumentation-related complications, which were not observed in the present study.

title: Preparation of Nasoseptal XXXX in Trans-Sphenoidal Surgery Using 2-  Thulium Laser: Technical Note.

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: The family of 5 muscarinic @entity934 receptors belongs to the superfamily of G protein coupled neurotransmitter receptors that serve in part as regulators of synaptic function. Muscarinic receptors are anatomically positioned in cortical and subcortical areas and modulate dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission thought to be dysfunctional in @entity161 . Neurochemical studies have shown that @entity935 and muscarinic receptors reciprocally modulate one another. For example, the muscarinic agonist @entity15245 increases extracellular levels of @entity935 and @entity1639 expression in cortical areas greater than subcortical areas, similar to effects of atypical antipsychotics. In electrophysiological studies, @entity15245 with acute and chronic administration decreased firing of the mesocorticolimbic @entity935 A10 tract, but not the motoric @entity935 A9 tract. Behavioral investigations have shown that muscarinic agonists, like @entity935 antagonists, inhibit conditioned-avoidance responding and @entity935 -agonist-induced behaviors including hyperactivity, climbing behavior and disruption of prepulse inhibition, models for positive symptoms of @entity161 . Transgenic knockout @entity19 lacking M(4) receptors are hyperactive and hyper-responsive to @entity935 D(1) agonists, suggesting a dynamic balance between the @entity935 and M(4) receptors. Muscarinic agonists had activity in animal models of negative symptoms, @entity73 and @entity1316 , symptoms that are prominent in @entity161 @entity1 . Consistent with effects in animal models, preliminary clinical investigation indicates that muscarinic agonists like @entity15245 may be effective in the pharmacotherapy of @entity161 . Thus, we hypothesize that a combined M(1) agonist to promote cognition and a M(4) agonist for antipsychotic-like effects would treat the symptom domains of @entity161 without parasympathomimetic side effects.

title: Muscarinic receptors as a target for drugs treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity15245 :: ('MESH:C075257', 'Chemical') :: ['xanomeline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To date only a few studies have compared the effectiveness and functional outcomes of stent retrievers versus intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stoke. Our aim was to identify and collate all the available data and to assess for statistical differences in @entity1 outcomes between the two treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies with a randomised controlled design which utilised stentrievers and intravenous thrombolysis in acute @entity64 . RESULTS: Five randomised controlled studies published in 2015 were identified. Second-generation thrombectomy devices constituted at least 80% of thrombectomy devices in the included studies, namely MR CLEAN, ESCAPE, EXTEND-IA, @entity514 PRIME and REVASCAT. No significant heterogeneity was seen in the included studies and the five trials were therefore included in the meta-analysis.A total of 46.10% of @entity1 treated with stentrievers achieved an independent functional outcome ( @entity5329 ) at 90 days compared with 26.46% of those treated with intravenous thrombolysis with an odds ratio of 2.40 (p   <   0.001). The weighted recanalisation mean in the thrombectomy arms was 76.02%.A lower mortality rate was observed with stentrievers compared to intravenous thrombolysis (15.33% vs 18.74%; OR 0.81, p   =   0.15). Stentrievers were also associated with a lower risk of symptomatic @entity932 (7.86% vs 8.64%; OR 1.02, p   =   0.93). The differences in the secondary/safety outcomes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Stentrievers can achieve a high rate of recanalisation and functional independence in acute @entity64 and have a relatively good safety profile. Our meta-analysis demonstrates a clear benefit of an intra-arterial mechanical approach vs standard treatment.

title: Stent-based thrombectomy versus intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the vascular pattern at power Doppler ultrasonography (US) improves diagnostic accuracy in small solid @entity8 over that at gray-scale US. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gray-scale and power Doppler US were performed prospectively in 64 small (1.5-3.0-cm-diameter) solid @entity8 (26 @entity1358 [ @entity1358 ], 34 @entity359 , @entity1637 , two @entity6437 ). At gray-scale US, echogenicity and homogeneity of the lesion, an anechoic rim, intratumoral cysts, shadowing, or a central scar were sought. At power Doppler US, the vascular distribution was divided into four patterns. RESULTS: Findings at gray-scale US included an anechoic rim or intratumoral cysts in 20 of 26 @entity1358 (77%) and the @entity1637 . Shadowing was seen in seven of 34 @entity359 (21%). Echogenicity, homogeneity, and a central scar were not pathognomonic. At power Doppler US, pattern 3 (peripheral) or 4 (mixed penetrating and peripheral) was seen in all @entity1358 , seven of 34 @entity359 , and the @entity1637 . Pattern 1 (intratumoral focal) or 2 (penetrating) was seen in 27 @entity359 . Pattern 1 or 2 was characteristic of @entity359 . The rate of correct diagnosis was significantly increased with combined US (78%) as compared to that with gray-scale (42%) or power Doppler (45%) US alone. CONCLUSION: The vascular distribution at power Doppler US could add important information to gray-scale US findings for differential diagnosis of small solid @entity8 .

title: Small solid XXXX : usefulness of power Doppler US.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['two oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'RCCs']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas', 'angiomyolipoma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal lesions']


abstract: The delayed immune response to @entity64 is responsible for the @entity130 that continues to occur after the initial @entity63 event. This delayed immune response has been linked to the spleen, as splenectomy prior to @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) is neuroprotective. @entity3692 (IFNy) is linked to the splenic response, which enhances @entity130 following @entity2500 . IFNy activates the expression of the inflammatory chemokine @entity16308 ( @entity16308 ). This study was designed to determine the role of IFNy signaling in the inflammatory response following @entity2500 . Expression of @entity16308 increased in the brain and the spleen following @entity2500 . Splenectomy inhibited the increase of @entity16308 in the brain post- @entity2500 , while recombinant IFNy administration to splenectomized @entity35 returned @entity16308 levels in the brain to levels found in @entity35 after @entity2500 only. Systemic administration of an IFNy neutralizing antibody to @entity2500 -treated @entity35 reduced @entity1188 volume and @entity16308 levels in the brain. T cell infiltration was reduced in the @entity2500 -damaged brains of IFNy antibody-treated animals relative to those that received isotype control antibodies. Additionally, inhibiting IFNy signaling with splenectomy or an IFNy neutralizing antibody blocked the induction of @entity16308 expression and @entity179 following @entity2500 . Targeting this pro-inflammatory pathway following @entity64 could be a promising @entity64 therapeutic.

title: Pro-Inflammatory @entity3692 Signaling is Directly Associated with @entity64 Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['decreased neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['increased neural injury', 'neural injury']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Neurodegeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It was suggested that coronary stent design and coating may affect stent performance and hence induce varying degrees of thrombogenesis and neointimal @entity1373 . The purpose of this study is to compare the 6-month follow-up results between old and new Multilink stents with the method of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. METHODS: We have performed old (n = 40) and new (n = 35) Multilink stent implantations on 75 @entity1 with @entity453 . Coronary angiography was performed before, immediately after, and 6 months after the in-stent procedure respectively. Six-month follow-up IVUS imaging was performed and analyzed off-line. RESULTS: Minimal lumen cross sectional area ( @entity10002 ) of new Multilink stents was significantly larger than that of old Multilink stents (P = 0.0053). Mean stent lumen area of new Multilink stents was significantly larger than that of old Multilink stents (P = 0.040). Similarly, @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) of new Multilink stents was larger than that of old Multilink stents (P = 0.011). Old Multilink stents had a higher percentage of plaque area than new Multilink stents. CONCLUSION: The new Multilink stent is obviously superior to old Multilink stents, in particular, in the stent @entity5562 and lumen @entity10002 --major determinants of the restenosis.

title: Intravascular ultrasound evaluating coronary stents for XXXX with @entity453 : compared old with new multilink stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['minimal lumen diameter', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The probable influence of genes and the environment on sex determination in @entity6373 suggests that it should be regarded as a complex trait. Detection of sex determination genes in tilapia has both scientific and commercial importance. The main objective was to detect genes and microRNAs that were differentially expressed by gender in early embryonic development. RESULTS: Artificial fertilization of @entity6373 XX females with either sex-reversed /\XX males or genetically-modified YY 'supermales' resulted in all-female and all-male embryos, respectively. RNA of pools of all-female and all-male embryos at 2, 5 and 9 dpf were used as template for a custom Agilent eArray hybridization and next generation sequencing. Fifty-nine genes differentially expressed between genders were identified by a false discovery rate of p   <   0.05. The most overexpressed genes were amh and @entity65547 in males, and cr/20b-hsd, gpa33, rtn4ipl and zp3 in females (p   <   1       10-9). Validation of gene expression using qPCR in embryos and gonads indicated copy number variation in @entity65547 , gpa33, cr/20b-hsd and amh. Sequencing of amh identified a male-specific duplication of this gene, denoted amhy, differing from the sequence of amh by a 233  bp deletion on exonVII, hence lacking the capability to encode the protein motif that binds to the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-b domain). amh and amhy segregated in the mapping family in full concordance with @entity168 -linked marker on LG23 signifying the QTL for @entity168 . We discovered 831 microRNAs in tilapia embryos of which nine had sexually dimorphic expression patterns by a false discovery rate of p   <   0.05. An up-regulated microRNA in males, pma-mir-4585, was characterized with all six predicted target genes including cr/20b-hsd, down-regulated in males. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the first discovery of sexually differentially expressed genes and microRNAs at a very early stage of tilapia embryonic development, i.e. from 2 dpf. Genes with sexually differential expression patterns are enriched for copy number variation. A novel male-specific duplication of amh, denoted amhy, lacking the TGF-b domain was identified and mapped to the QTL region on LG23 for @entity168 , thus indicating its potential role in @entity168 .

title: Identification of male-specific amh duplication, sexually differentially expressed genes and microRNAs at early embryonic development of @entity6373 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity6373 :: ('8128', 'Species') :: ['Nile tilapia', 'Oreochromis niloticus']

answer: @entity6373 :: (8128,Species) :: ['Oreochromis niloticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracoronary delivery of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells is an interesting therapeutic promise for @entity1 with @entity712 of different etiologies. AIM: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of this therapy in @entity1 with @entity384 of different etiologies under optimal medical treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective, open-label, controlled clinical trial. Of 23 consecutive @entity1 , 12 were assigned to autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell intracoronary transplantation, receiving a mean dose of 8.19    4.43 x 10(6) @entity2280 + cells. Mortality, cardiovascular readmissions and @entity5 incidence rate, changes in functional capacity, quality of life questionnaires and echocardiographic measures from baseline, were assessed at long-term follow-up (37.7    9.7 months) in @entity1 receiving or not the cells. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in mortality, cardiovascular readmissions or @entity5 incidence rate amongst groups. An improvement in functional class and quality of life questionnaires in the transplanted group was observed (p < 0.01). The treated group showed a non-significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction at long-term follow-up (from 26.75    4.85% to 34.90    8.57%, p = 0.059 compared to baseline). There were no changes in left ventricular volumes. We observed no improvement of these variables in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells is feasible and safe in @entity1 with @entity384 of diverse etiologies. This therapy was associated to persistent improvements in functional class and quality of life. There was also a non-significant long-term improvement of left ventricular function.

title: [Long-term results of intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow cells in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']