abstract: CONTEXT: Establishing a near perfect surgical field during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is essential and even a minor bleeding can severely compromise an already restricted view. So, if controlled @entity551 can be provided without compromising the safety of @entity1 by a relatively effortless method, surgical field can be improved greatly. AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic changes and surgical conditions during FESS following oral premedication with @entity1338 and @entity1406 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A total of 40 @entity1 undergoing FESS were included in this prospective, randomized controlled study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 were divided into two equal groups. Group A @entity1 were premedicated with oral @entity1338 300 mcg and Group B with oral @entity1406 50 mg, 2 h before surgery. All @entity1 received @entity3575 2 mcg/kg and induced with @entity1875 2 mg/kg. Intubation was done following @entity3369 1 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with 66% @entity3727 , 33% O2 and 1% @entity5161 . The @entity551 (BP) were measured before induction and thereafter every 15 min up to 2 h. The surgeons were asked to estimate the quality of the operative field using a pre-defined category scale with scores 1-5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Difference within the groups was analyzed using analysis of variance and post-hoc test was used to test the difference between individual groups. Chi-square test was used to find out the association between categorical variables. RESULTS: Comparison of category scale revealed a lower score in Group A up to 60 min. Group B @entity1 showed a statistically lower HR from pre-induction up to 90 min while systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure did not show a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Oral premedication with 300 mcg of @entity1338 produced a better operative field than oral @entity1406 50 mg during FESS.

title: A comparison of effects of oral premedication with @entity1338 and XXXX on intraoperative hemodynamics and surgical conditions during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'heart rate (HR) and blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1406 :: (MESH:D008790,Chemical) :: ['metoprolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive and brain reserve theories suggest that aspects of neural architecture or cognitive processes modify the effect of neuropathological processes on cognitive outcomes. Although frequently studied in the context of @entity303 , reserve in @entity933 is understudied. METHODS: Using data from a prospective observational study, we examined the association of three markers of brain reserve (head circumference, MRI-derived brain volume, and leisure time physical activity), five markers of cognitive reserve (education, vocabulary, cognitive activities, cognitive demand of lifetime occupation, and interpersonal demand of lifetime occupation), and the risk of @entity260 in 566 older adults (age >= 70 years) free of @entity303 undergoing scheduled surgery. FINDINGS: 135 (24%) of 566 @entity1 developed @entity933 during the postoperative hospital stay. Of the reserve markers examined, only the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading was associated with the risk of @entity933 . A 0  5 SD better performance on the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading was associated with a 38% reduction in @entity933 risk (adjusted risk ratio of 0  62, 95% CI 0  45-0  85; p=0  01). INTERPRETATION: Most markers of reserve failed to predict @entity933 risk. The exception to this is the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. Our findings suggest that the reserve markers that are important for @entity933 might be different from those thought to be important for @entity303 . FUNDING: National Institute on Aging, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

title: Cognitive and brain reserve and the risk of @entity260 in older XXXX : analysis of data from a prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Inclusion of vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the surgical treatment of @entity354 associated with @entity357 has long been controversial. To evaluate the morbidity of vagotomy in the treatment of @entity354 , a retrospective study of 311 @entity1 treated by the Hill posterior gastropexy technique of @entity357 was tabulated. Vagotomy with the anti-reflux operation was performed upon 159 @entity1 (51%). Vagotomy was not included for 152 @entity1 (49%). The incidence of postoperative symptoms with or without vagotomy was almost equally divided--41% without vagotomy and 47% with vagotomy. However, the major postoperative symptoms that occurred in both groups were abdominal cramps and bloating which usually disappeared in the early postoperative period and were attributed to the anti-reflux procedure and not to vagotomy. When vagotomy was included with the anti-reflux operation, the incidence and duration of long term, disabling postoperative symptoms were significantly increased. @entity294 occurred two times more frequently. @entity390 and @entity391 occurred ten times more frequently and dumping was present only in vagotomized @entity1 . Long term postoperative symptoms, judged on a basis of symptoms lasting longer than three months duration, occurred in 1% of @entity1 without vagotomy and 26% when vagotomy was included. This study revealed that no additional protection against recurrent symptoms of @entity354 or radiographic evidence of recurrent @entity357 was provided by inclusion of vagotomy. In conclusion, vagotomy is contraindicated in the treatment of @entity354 except in the presence of @entity10189 .

title: Complications of vagotomy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia', 'hiatal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'reflux esophagitis']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['hiatal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and @entity661 ( @entity661 ) can increase bone strength as well as alleviate the @entity158 caused by @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ), and both procedures rely on @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) cement injected into the fractured vertebra for mechanical stabilization of the @entity3814 . However, there is debate over which of these 2 surgical procedures can give better short-term and long-term outcomes. A lot of studies and meta-analysis were designed to assess the advantages and drawbacks of @entity661 and PVP in the treatment of @entity3814 , but most of them didn't consider the effect of VCF levels on the treatment outcome, which can influence the results. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of @entity661 compared to PVP in the treatment of single level @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ). STUDY DESIGN: Studies with the following criteria were included: @entity1 with @entity3814 due to @entity170 ; @entity661 comparing PVP; study design, @entity23 or prospective or retrospective comparative studies. Furthermore, the studies which reported at least one of the following outcomes: subjective @entity158 perception, quality of life evaluation, incidence of new adjacent @entity174 , @entity79 , and post-operative kyphotic angle. Articles were excluded in our meta-analysis if they had a neoplastic etiology (i.e., @entity3 or @entity1582 ), @entity2850 , traumatic @entity174 , @entity51 , @entity612 , severe @entity179 of the spine, previous surgery at the involved vertebral body, and @entity661 or PVP with other invasive or semi-invasive intervention treatment. SETTING: University hospital. METHODS: A systematic search of all articles published through May 2014 was performed by Medline, EMASE, OVID, and other databases. All the articles that compared @entity661 with PVP on single level @entity3814 were identified. The evidence quality levels of the selected articles were evaluated by Grade system. Data about the clinical outcomes and complications were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Eight studies, encompassing 845 @entity1 , met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the results indicated that there were significant differences between the 2 groups in the short-term visual analog scale (VAS) scores, the long-term Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), short- and long-term @entity1513 angle, the @entity1513 angle improvement, the injected cement, and the cement leakage rates. However, there were no significant differences in the long-term VAS scores, the short-term ODI scores, the short- and long-term SF-36 scores, or the adjacent-level @entity174 rates. LIMITATIONS: Statistical efficacy can be improved by more studies, low evidence based non- @entity23 articles are likely to induce various types of bias, no accurate definition of short-term and long-term outcome time points. CONCLUSION: @entity661 and PVP are both safe and effective surgical procedures in treating @entity3814 . @entity661 has a similar long-term @entity158 relief, function outcome (short-term ODI scores, short-and long-term SF-36 scores), and new adjacent @entity3814 in comparison to PVP. @entity661 is superior to PVP for the injected cement volume, the short-term @entity158 relief, the improvement of short- and long-term kyphotic angle, and lower cement leakage rate. However, @entity661 has a longer operation time and higher material cost than PVP. To confirm this evaluation, a large multi-center @entity23 ( @entity23 ) should be conducted.

title: Comparison of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Balloon Kyphoplasty for the Treatment of Single Level XXXX : A Meta-analysis of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PMMA', 'polymethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures', 'osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures', 'VCFs', 'OVCF']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['infection, neural compression']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone cement leakage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['PKP', 'percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['Vertebral Compression Fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to identify potential miRNAs highly associated with the response to brain @entity385 . The miRNAs microarray expression profiles data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database under accession number GSE51586, including three @entity63 and three ipsilateral normal samples from @entity19 brain tissues. Limma package was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs between @entity63 and ipsilateral normal samples. The common target genes of miRNA predicted from TargetScan, PicTar, miRanda and DIANA-microT databases were used as the candidate subset in which functional modules were identified by performing gene ontology enrichment analysis using ClusterProfile. Finally, the miRNA functional synergistic network was constructed by assembling all miRNA synergistic pairs. Fifty-one differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between @entity63 and ipsilateral normal samples, including 32 up- and 19 down-regulated  miRNAs. Among them, 24 miRNAs can commonly regulate at least one target gene and thus were used to construct a network, which included 274 pairs of co-regulating miRNAs. Further, 242 pairs of miRNAs interaction involving 23 miRNAs were shown to be synergetic in function. Sixteen miRNAs forming 20 miRNAs interaction pairs participated in inflammatory response, such as @entity65778 and mir-674-3p. The 16 miRNAs related to inflammatory response during @entity385 may provide underlying targets for prevention and treatment of @entity64 .

title: miRNA functional synergistic network analysis of @entity19 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity286 tax increases are associated with increases in quitline calls and reductions in smoking prevalence. In 2013, ClearWay Minnesota(SM) conducted a six-week media campaign promoting QUITPLAN   Services (QUITPLAN Helpline and quitplan.com) to leverage the state's tax increase. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the association of the tax increase and media campaign on call volumes, @entity19688 , and enrollments in QUITPLAN Services. METHODS: In this observational study, call volume, @entity19688 , enrollments, and @entity1 characteristics were analyzed for the periods June-August 2012 and June-August 2013. Enrollment data and information about media campaigns were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis to determine the association of the tax increase on QUITPLAN Services while controlling for media. RESULTS: There was a 160% increase in total combined calls and @entity19688 , and an 81% increase in enrollments in QUITPLAN Services. Helpline call volumes and enrollments declined back to prior year levels approximately six weeks after the tax increase. Visits to and enrollments in quitplan.com also declined, but increased again in mid-August. The tax increase and media explained over 70% of variation in enrollments in the QUITPLAN Helpline, with media explaining 34% of the variance and the tax increase explaining an additional 36.1% of this variance. However, media explained 64% of the variance in quitplan.com enrollments, and the tax increase explained an additional 7.6% of this variance. CONCLUSIONS: Since tax increases occur infrequently, these policy changes must be fully leveraged as quickly as possible to help reduce prevalence.

title: Seizing an opportunity: increasing use of cessation services following a XXXX tax increase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To cause an economically important blast disease on @entity579 , the filamentous fungus @entity8812 forms a specialized infection structure, called an appressorium, to penetrate host cells. Once inside host cells, the fungus produces a filamentous primary hypha that differentiates into multicellular bulbous @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which are surrounded by a host-derived membrane. These hyphae secrete cytoplasmic effectors that enter host cells presumably via the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC). The first @entity3 cell, also known as the side BIC-associated cell, is a specialized effector-secreting cell essential for a successful infection. This study aims to determine cellular processes that lead to the development of this effector-secreting first @entity3 cell inside susceptible @entity579 cells. RESULTS: Using live-cell confocal imaging, we determined a series of cellular events by which the appressorium gives rise to the first @entity3 cell in live @entity579 cells. The filamentous primary hypha extended from the appressorium and underwent asymmetric swelling at its apex. The single nucleus in the appressorium divided, and then one nucleus migrated into the swollen apex. Septation occurred in the filamentous region of the primary hypha, establishing the first @entity3 cell. The tip BIC that was initially associated with the primary hypha became the side BIC on the swollen apex prior to nuclear division in the appressorium. The average distance between the early side BIC and the nearest nucleus in the appressorium was estimated to be more than 32   m. These results suggest an unknown mechanism by which effectors that are expressed in the appressorium are transported through the primary hypha for their secretion into the distantly located BIC. When @entity8812 was inoculated on heat-killed @entity579 cells, penetration proceeded as normal, but there was no differentiation of a bulbous @entity3 cell, suggesting its specialization for establishment of @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Our studies reveal cellular dynamics associated with the development of the effector-secreting first @entity3 cell. Our data raise new mechanistic questions concerning hyphal differentiation in response to host environmental cues and effector trafficking from the appressorium to the BIC.

title: Nuclear and structural dynamics during the establishment of a specialized effector-secreting cell by XXXX in living @entity579 cells.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['biotrophic infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'invasive hyphae']

entities_list: @entity8812 :: ('318829', 'Species') :: ['M. oryzae', 'Magnaporthe oryzae']

answer: @entity8812 :: (318829,Species) :: ['Magnaporthe oryzae']


abstract: The biology underlying @entity302 brain activity in @entity1 is not well understood and likely depends on changes in gene expression. We performed a microarray transcriptome profiling of 12 anterolateral temporal cortical samples originating from five individuals who suffered with @entity1315 for at least 10 years. Prior to partial lobectomy, intraoperative electrocorticography was performed on the cortical surface of each @entity1 . These recordings showed characteristic differences in frequency and amplitude that were defined as "spiking" (abnormal) or "non-spiking" (normal). Between the transcriptome of the two sample groups, @entity69 ( @entity69 ) was the most differentially expressed gene. Furthermore, gene expression profiling also revealed a downregulation of multiple @entity1246 system-related genes ( @entity13646 , @entity28553 , @entity20504 ) in the spiking samples and an upregulation of oligodendrocyte and lipid metabolism transcripts ( @entity3950 , @entity7464 , @entity11363 , @entity5099 , @entity16167 , @entity63836 , @entity35622 ). In addition, several transcripts related to the classical MAPK cascade showed expression level alterations between the spiking and non-spiking samples ( @entity24310 , @entity3963 , @entity15144 , and @entity33234 ). Out of 12 genes chosen for verification by RT qPCR, 9 showed significant expression changes in the microarray-predicted direction. Furthermore, the microarray and qPCR data were highly correlated (r = 0.98; P < 0.001). We conclude that abnormal electrical brain activity in the spiking samples is strongly correlated with gene expression changes and we speculate that some of the observed transcriptome changes may be directly involved in the induction or prevention of the ictal events seen in @entity302 .

title: Correlation of transcriptome profile with electrical activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) is the most common @entity1778 in adults in Western countries. @entity3118 -based regimens demonstrate higher response rates in younger @entity1 but have a significant risk of @entity281 and are thus poorly tolerated by older, frail patients. Anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibodies have added to the efficacy of chemotherapy in @entity1072 . Obinutuzumab is a potent Type II anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular @entity137 and direct cell death compared with rituximab. In Phase I studies, infusion reactions and @entity1398 were the predominant @entity137 . Phase II studies demonstrated efficacy both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1072 . The CLL11 trial was a Phase III randomized trial of @entity5805 alone or with either obinutuzumab or rituximab in elderly, unfit @entity1 . Progression-free survival (the primary end point) was 26.7 months for @entity1 receiving obinutuzumab plus @entity5805 versus 16.3 months for those receiving rituximab plus @entity5805 and 11.1 months for those receiving @entity5805 alone (P<0.001). Overall survival was improved for @entity1 receiving obinutuzumab plus @entity5805 versus @entity5805 alone (P=0.002). This trial led to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of obinutuzumab in this @entity1 population.

title: Obinutuzumab treatment in the elderly XXXX with @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The continuing flow of scientific development in @entity66 in the past decade points to the need for the formulation of a new concept of pathophysiology and clinical approach to the @entity558 . Immunogenetic studies have shown a correlation of the disease to the HLA region on the short arm of chromosome 6; immunological research has led to the concept of a T-cell-driven immunologic response of the small intestine, with the identification of highly sensitive and specific antibodies; and our understanding of the histopathology of @entity66 has changed dramatically, initiated by the proposition of a spectrum of @entity1593 by Marsh in 1992. Clinical studies report a significant change in @entity1 characteristics and epidemiology. The incidence of the disease has shifted to a majority of adult coeliacs, and it may present with @entity146 . Screening studies suggest an overall prevalence of up to 1 in 200-300. METHODS: Update on histopathology concentrating on the work of our research group. RESULTS: We specifically describe the work of our group in Arnhem concerning the identification and validation of the spectrum of intestinal histopathology in @entity1593 , i.e. @entity1681 ( @entity75 ), @entity1681 with @entity1373 ( @entity75 ), and villous @entity194 , subdivided into partial villous @entity194 (Marsh IIIA), subtotal villous @entity194 (Marsh IIIB) and total villous @entity194 (Marsh IIIC). Special attention is given to a subgroup of 'refractory coeliacs', including the identification of (pre-)malignant aberrant T cells in the intestinal mucosa of these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: New data on immunogenetics, epidemiology, histopathology and @entity1 characteristics point to a significant change of view on @entity66 .

title: @entity66 : changing views on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac condition']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['gluten-sensitive enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['less severe symptoms of malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Marsh I lesion', 'Marsh II lesion']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['crypt hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic enteritis']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['gluten-sensitive enteropathy']


abstract: Sexually mature @entity3392 were housed as single male-female pairs with or without plastic vegetation for 1, 5, or 10 d for comparison of whole-body @entity701 measured by radioimmunoassay. Individually housed male @entity3392 were used as controls. In the fish that were pair-housed without vegetation (NVeg), one animal died in 5 of 24 pairs, and one animal was alive but wounded in an additional pair. No @entity204 or wounds occurred in the fish that were pair-housed with vegetation (Veg). @entity701 levels did not differ between the treatment groups on day 1. On day 5, @entity701 values were higher in the Veg group than in the individually housed fish (P < 0.0005) and the NVeg fish (P = 0.004). On day 10, the relationships were inversed: @entity701 levels had risen in the individually housed and NVeg groups and had fallen to baseline levels in the Veg group. @entity701 values on day 10 were lower in the Veg group than in the individually housed (P = 0.004) and NVeg (P = 0.05) groups. @entity701 levels in individually housed male @entity3392 increased over time. Although this study did not demonstrate a reduction in @entity701 levels associated with providing vegetation, this enrichment prevented @entity204 from fighting. These findings show how commonly used housing situations may affect the wellbeing of laboratory @entity3392 .

title: Effects of Habitat Complexity on Pair-Housed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['injury and death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Zebrafish']


abstract: Neurotrophins have been demonstrated to play important roles in the development and functioning of the nervous system. This family of proteins consists of four homologous members in mammals: NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5. A new member, called NT-6, was recently cloned from the platyfish @entity5711 . This protein shares closer structural relationship to NGF than the other neurotrophins, but contains a characteristic insertion of 22 @entity1522 that constituted the heparin-binding domain. Here we report the cloning of a novel neurotrophin from the fish @entity7136 ( @entity7136 ), which shared about 66% @entity535 identity to @entity5711 NGF and NT-6. The neurotrophin, designated NT-7, possesses structural characteristics common to all known neurotrophins, such as the presence of six conserved @entity462 residues and the flanking conserved sequences. In addition, there is an insertion of 15 @entity1522 at the position corresponding to that observed for NT-6. The neurotrophic activity of NT-7 was demonstrated by its ability to promote neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival of @entity1573 dorsal root ganglia. Phosphorylation assay of various Trk receptors overexpressed in fibroblasts suggested that NT-7 could activate TrkA but not TrkB or TrkC. Northern blot analysis revealed that NT-7 was predominantly expressed in peripheral tissues, though weak expression was also detected in the brain. Like NT-6, this novel neurotrophin might represent yet another NGF-like neurotrophin in lower vertebrates.

title: Cloning and expression of a novel neurotrophin, NT-7, from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5711 :: ('8083', 'Species') :: ['Xiphophorus maculatus', 'Xiphophorus']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['carp']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare late onset with @entity309 . METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with late onset @entity309 (LORA) were compared to 117 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) with respect to clinical and functional parameters. Furthermore, in 104 patients serum @entity5967 ( @entity5967 ) was measured. Results were compared by means of ANOVA and possible influences of age, gender and clinical parameters were evaluated by Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS: Except a different distribution in gender (40% males in the LORA group) and a higher ESR, no differences could be found with respect to clinical parameters. However, a significantly higher HAQ score and significantly higher serum- @entity5967 levels could be shown in the LORA group. HAQ scores correlated not only with disease activity parameters ( @entity1851 , disease activity score) but also with the age. Serum- @entity5967 levels did show a correlation with the age as well, but not with disease activity. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the higher serum- @entity5967 levels in late onset @entity309 could be due to concomitant osteoarthritic processes in larger joints, which are not symptomatic. The age dependence of the HAQ score is only weak, but may be the reason why @entity1 with LORA show a worse functional capacity compared to @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: [Functional capacity and cartilage oligomeric protein ( @entity5967 ) in serum of XXXX with maturity-onset polyarthritis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'adult onset rheumatoid arthritis', 'AORA']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Gene') :: ['cartilage oligomeric matrix protein', 'COMP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Partial meniscectomy is the golden standard for treating a bucket-handle tear in the meniscus of the knee, but it inevitably leads to articular cartilage degeneration. Surgical creation of an access channel between the lesion and the vascularized synovial lining is intended to induce ingrowth of repair tissue and thus avoid @entity528 . DESIGN: The presence and mechanism of cartilage degeneration were evaluated in 24 @entity235 menisci after a @entity66 and access channel had been created in the avascular part of the meniscus. In 12 menisci the channel was implanted with a porous polymer scaffold, while the remaining 12 were left empty. Evaluation was performed using routine histology and antibodies directed against denatured @entity22609 (Col2-3/4M). RESULTS: @entity528 was apparent in the polymer implant group and the empty channel group. This consisted of fibrillation, loss of chondrocytes and decreased proteoglycan content. Areas of fibrillated cartilage always showed positive labeling with the collagen degradation antibody Col2-3/4M. Collagen degradation was also visible in non-fibrillated areas. The upper zone of the cartilage showed swelling especially in the implant group, with empty cell lacunae and moderate levels of Col2-3/4M antibody labeling. DISCUSSION: This reconstruction technique cannot be considered superior to partial meniscectomy. We propose that degradation of the collagen type II network is a result of cartilage fibrillation and vice versa.

title: Presence and mechanism of knee articular cartilage degeneration after meniscal reconstruction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Articular degeneration', 'degeneration of articular cartilage']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal lesion']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The availability of an intravenous formulation now makes possible rapid administration of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) loading doses, but estimates of key @entity2052 pharmacokinetic parameters in @entity1 have limited the use of this approach. @entity2052 disposition was characterized in 112 @entity302 @entity1 , with or without enzyme inducing comedications, randomized to either 3.0 or 1.5mg/kg/min infusions of @entity1092 injection. Maximum dose was </=15mg/kg per infusion. Total and unbound plasma @entity2052 concentrations were determined from blood samples obtained prior to and for 6h following the infusion. Analyses of covariance assessed the effect of induction, weight, age, gender, albumin, @entity1011 , and infusion rate on pharmacokinetics. Maximum total and unbound @entity2052 concentrations were 94 and 14mg/l, respectively. Total concentration fell below 50mg/l within 3h in induced and 6h in uninduced @entity1 . @entity2052 unbound fraction decreased from 15% at maximum concentration to 9% at 45mg/l. The mean (S.D.) distribution volume was 0.21 (0.044)l/kg. Induction status, albumin concentration, and infusion rate significantly affected pharmacokinetics. Measurement of unbound @entity2052 may be useful when alterations in binding are suspected. Infusions up to 3mg/kg/min produce predictable total @entity2052 concentrations when induction status and albumin levels are considered.

title: @entity1092 unbound fraction and distribution volume following rapid infusions in XXXX with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'valproate sodium']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment of @entity530 ( @entity530 ) after performing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLA) simultaneously. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed, in a retrospective study, 250 @entity1 who underwent RRP with @entity1989 simultaneously. Only @entity1 with @entity530 were treated using different non- and invasive procedures such as percutaneous aspiration, @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) with or without sclerotherapy, laparoscopic lymphocelectomy (LL) and open marsupialization (OM). RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 (21%) had postoperative subclinical pelvic lymphoceles. Thirty @entity1 (12%) developed @entity530 . Fifteen @entity1 with @entity16752 ( @entity16752 ) healed spontaneously after performing @entity1212 . The remaining seven @entity1 required sclerotherapy with additional @entity3403 . After performing @entity1212 , @entity16752 healed better and faster than @entity16752 ( @entity16752 ) (success rate: 80% vs. 16%, respectively). Twenty-seven percent of @entity1 treated initially with @entity1212 , with or without sclerotherapy had persistent lymphocele. All @entity1 were successfully treated with LL. Only one @entity1 had an abscess as a major complication of a persistent @entity530 after @entity1212 and sclerotherapy and was treated via an open laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic @entity16752 can be treated using @entity1212 with or without sclerotherapy. If this therapy fails as first-line treatment, laparoscopic lymphocelectomy should be considered within a short period of time in order to achieve successful treatment. @entity16752 should be treated using a laparoscopic approach in centers where this type of expertise is available. Infected lymphoceles are drained externally. In these cases, percutaneous or open external drainage with adequate antibiotic coverage is preferable.

title: Uni- vs. multiloculated pelvic lymphoceles: differences in the treatment of XXXX after open radical retropubic prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['percutaneous catheter drainage', 'PCD']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic pelvic lymphoceles', 'SPL']

entities_list: @entity16752 :: ('MESH:D008210', 'Disease') :: ['noninfected uniloculated lymphocele', 'NML', 'NUL', 'noninfected multiloculated lymphocele']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['symptomatic pelvic lymphoceles']


abstract: @entity17389 ( @entity17389 ) is a @entity4002 of @entity1 which causes @entity221 , primarily for @entity1 under five years old and pregnant @entity1 . Understanding @entity1 's knowledge, attitude and practices on the disease is important in designing appropriate interventions. This study was conducted to explore community knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding @entity17389 transmission and control to provide baseline data for the planned scaling up of intervention in Dodoma rural District in central Tanzania. A total of 198 heads of households were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Of these, 94.5% were aware of @entity17389 . Fever of unknown origin (69.5%), @entity158 (8.5%), @entity10 (8.5%), chills (4.5%) and @entity391 (3.5%) were the most commonly mentioned symptoms. The @entity277 and @entity5864 was known to 82.8%. High @entity277 reported to occur during dry season (85.4%). The majority believed that the disease spreads through @entity5864 (85.9%). Regular plastering of house floors and walls was the most common method used by the community to control @entity277 (96.5 %). Majority (84.3%) of the respondents preferred public healthcare facilities for treatment. Only a small proportion (15.7%) preferred using traditional medicines. Poor knowledge of the study subjects about the disease and its control underscores the need for health educational campaigns if any control and/or elimination programme is to succeed.

title: Community knowledge, attitudes and practices related to XXXX in dodoma rural district, central Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['vector-borne disease']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['domestic tick infestation', 'domestic tick-infestation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['body pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity17389 :: ('MESH:D012061', 'Disease') :: ['TBRF', 'Tick-borne Relapsing Fever']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['serious illness']

answer: @entity17389 :: (MESH:D012061,Disease) :: ['tick-borne relapsing fever']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Induction of labor has become more common in most countries during the last decade. We have compared methods and routines of labor induction as practiced in Norway in 2003 and 2013, and surveyed practices with regard to induction of labor without a medical indication in 2013. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A telephone interview to all delivery units in Norway was conducted in 2003. Data on preferred induction methods, use of @entity3009 , dosages, dose intervals and routes of administration were collected. In 2013, the same questionnaire was used, with additional questions on induction of labor without a medical indication. Data on overall cesarean section and induction rates were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. RESULTS: From 2003 to 2013 the induction rate increased by 62% and the cesarean section rate by 6%. The cesarean section rate in @entity1 with induced labor remained stable at 17.1% and 17.4%, respectively. In 2003, 31 of 43 hospitals used dinoprostone for cervical ripening and induction. In 2013, 34 of 39 hospitals used @entity396 . A cervical balloon was used in three of 43 hospitals in 2003 compared to 31 of 39 in 2013. All but one hospital induced labor without a strict medical indication in 2013. CONCLUSION: The preferred methods for induction of labor changed within a decade to the use of @entity396 and cervical balloon. Induction of labor without strict medical indications is widely practiced. The changed induction methods have not influenced the cesarean section rates in @entity1 with induced labors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Changes in induction methods have not influenced cesarean section rates among XXXX with induced labor.

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: In order to assess the ability of various serologic assays to correlate with @entity1988 , we analysed sera obtained from 60 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). @entity1 were categorized as having active @entity1310 (group 1), active @entity1252 without @entity1310 (group 2), inactive @entity1252 with prior @entity1310 (group 3), or inactive @entity1252 without prior @entity1310 (group 4). Three parameters were assessed including anti-dsDNA antibodies (Farr assay), immune complexes ( @entity6300 binding), and anti- @entity6300 antibodies (salt-stable @entity6300 binding). Additionally, glomerular binding activity (GBA) was measured using a new solid-phase immunoassay that detects immune elements by their ability to bind glomerular tissue. We found that @entity1 with @entity1310 (group 1) exhibited higher mean values for each assay than @entity1 in each of the other three groups (P = 0.001, 0.009, 0.14, and 0.23 in the GBA, @entity6300 , anti-dsDNA, and anti- @entity6300 assays, respectively). The only assay which distinguished @entity1 with @entity1310 (group 1) from @entity1 having @entity66 without @entity1310 (group 2) was the GBA (mean 0.48 +/- 0.09 versus 0.15 +/- 0.04, P < 0.05). In terms of utility, all tests were specific for diagnosing @entity1310 among @entity1 with @entity1252 ; however, only the GBA was reasonably sensitive. The information provided by the anti-dsDNA and @entity6300 assays were not correlated with one another, nor additive to the GBA. @entity1 with false negative GBA tended to have received more intensive immunosuppression. The qualitative characteristics of GBA varied among @entity1 with @entity1310 . These data suggest the pathogenesis of @entity1988 is complex, and may be mediated by an array of immune elements. Moreover, the data indicate the potential utility for a broad tissue-based approach to detection of pathogenic immune elements over other, specific immunologic markers.

title: Serologic markers of @entity1988 in XXXX : use of a tissue-based ELISA and evidence for immunopathogenic heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity174 are the most common spinal fracture in the elderly population and may be managed with halo immobilization, posterior fusion, and anterior odontoid screw fixation. Anterior odontoid screw fixation has several advantages over posterior fusion, including: reduced surgical time, decreased post-operative @entity158 , preserved range of motion, earlier mobilization, and decreased postoperative narcotic requirement. We review our experience using anterior odontoid screw fixation in @entity174 in the elderly and non-elderly populations. METHODS: Demographic and outcome data were retrospectively collected in 30 consecutive @entity1 with @entity174 treated with anterior odontoid screw fixation. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 70.7 (range 20-92); 18 of the @entity1 were male and 12 were female. All @entity1 had successful placement of a single anterior odontoid screw without intra-operative complication. Complications included @entity55 in nine @entity1 (30%), @entity5274 placement due to @entity1 failing swallow evaluation in 13 @entity1 (43%), and @entity3746 in one @entity1 (3.3%). @entity1 over the age of 75 accounted for 12 of the 13 (92%) @entity5274 placements and eight of the nine (88.9%) @entity55 , respectively. The difference in rates of @entity5274 placement and @entity55 for the older @entity1 were both found to be statistically significant with P<.0001 for @entity5274 and P<.02 for @entity55 . CONCLUSIONS: Anterior odontoid screw fixation is an effective treatment option for @entity1 with @entity174 . In the elderly population, however, the benefits of the procedure must be weighed against the risks of @entity86 requiring gastrostomy and @entity55 .

title: Age increases the risk of immediate XXXX and @entity55 after odontoid screw fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Type II odontoid fractures', 'type II odontoid fractures']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube', 'gastrostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative dysphagia']


abstract: It is known that the heart of an athlete has been physiologically adapted by prolonged training. There are a large number of echocardiographic studies which have focused on left ventricular wall thickness and dilatation, but there are few studies concerning right heart function in the @entity299 . The aim of this study was to assess right heart function in elite athletes by conventional and new echocardiographic methods. The study population consisted of 36 elite highly-trained male athletes and 16 age-matched healthy sedentary controls. Right atrial, right ventricular, and inferior vena cava dimensions, and pulsed Doppler measurements of tricuspid inflow and right ventricular outflow were obtained, and systolic (preejection period, ejection time, preejection time/ejection time, QV peak, isovolumic contraction time) and diastolic (E peak, A peak, E/A ratio, decelaration time, isovolumic relexation time) function parameters were measured. The myocardial performance index was calculated as (isovolumetric contraction time + isovolumetric relaxation time)/ejection time. In addition, right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were determined by Pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging (S, E, and A velocities) at the lateral corners of the tricuspid annulus. The left ventricular mass index (P < 0.005), and right atrial (P < 0.001), right ventricular (P < 0.001), and inferior vena cava dimensions (P < 0.001) were significantly greater in athletes than in controls. Tricuspid E peak, A peak, E/A ratio, deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time, preejection period, right ventricular ejection time, preejection time/ejection time, isovolumic contraction time, QV peak, and myocardial performance index were found to be similar in athletes and in controls (P > 0.05). Systolic, early diastolic, and late diastolic tissue Doppler imaging velocities were not significantly different in athletes and controls (P > 0.05). @entity4346 (LV mass index >134 g/m2) was found in 15 of the athletes. Right atrial dimension was greater in the athletes with @entity4346 than in those without @entity1184 (P < 0.05). All right ventricular systolic and diastolic echocardiographic parameters were similar in athletes with and without @entity4346 (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions do not deteriorate in the @entity299 despite significant chamber dilatation. They suggest that these changes are a normal physiologic adaptation to prolonged training.

title: Assessment of right heart function in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'Left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ["athlete's heart"]

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['athlete's heart']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Infertility in @entity1 and subfertility in domestic animals are two major reproductive problems. Among @entity1 couples, ~15  % are diagnosed as infertile, and males are considered responsible in about 50  % of the cases. To examine male fertility, various sperm tests including analyses of sperm morphology, sperm count and sperm mobility are usually performed. Teratozoospermia, a condition characterized by the presence of morphologically abnormal sperm, is considered as a symptom of @entity249 . @entity64228 ( @entity64229 ) @entity19 ( @entity19 ) show inherited teratozoospermia at high frequencies (~50  %). In this study, the polygenic control of teratozoospermia in the @entity64229 strain was analysed. A quantitative trait loci analysis indicated three statistically significant loci, Sperm-head morphology 3 (Shm3; logarithm of the odds (LOD) score, 29.25), Shm4 (LOD score, 6.80), and Shm5 (LOD score, 3.58). These three QTL peaks were mapped to 24.3 centimorgans (cM) on chromosome 1, 32.0  cM on chromosome X, and 63.8  cM on chromosome 6, respectively. Another locus that is yet to be determined was also predicted. Shm3 was found to be the major locus responsible for teratozoospermia, and a sequential cascade of interactions of the other three loci was apparent. These results are expected to help understand the mechanisms underlying reproductive problems in @entity1 or domestic animals.

title: A Cascade of epistatic interactions regulating teratozoospermia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mus musculus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Thirty-four @entity1 with advanced @entity191 participated in a prospective 24-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fetal nigral transplantation. @entity1 were randomized to receive bilateral transplantation with one or four donors per side or a placebo procedure. The primary end point was change between baseline and final visits in motor component of the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale in the practically defined off state. There was no significant overall treatment effect (p = 0.244). @entity1 in the placebo and one-donor groups deteriorated by 9.4 +/- 4.25 and 3.5 +/- 4.23 points, respectively, whereas those in the four-donor group improved by 0.72 +/- 4.05 points. Pairwise comparisons were not significant, although the four-donor versus placebo groups yielded a p value of 0.096. Stratification based on disease severity showed a treatment effect in milder @entity1 (p = 0.006). Striatal fluorodopa uptake was significantly increased after transplantation in both groups and robust survival of @entity935 neurons was observed at postmortem examination. Fifty-six percent of transplanted @entity1 developed @entity910 that persisted after overnight withdrawal of dopaminergic medication ("off"-medication @entity910 ). Fetal nigral transplantation currently cannot be recommended as a therapy for @entity1726 based on these results.

title: A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine staining procedures often pose a problem in differentiating a mitotic cell from an apoptotic cell, deteriorating the reliability of histology grading. Although various new methods have been recommended for identifying mitotic figures (MFs) in tissues, the time factor and cost makes them less feasible. Thus, an attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1686 and Feulgen reaction in identifying MFs and also to see for any variation in the number of MFs in various grades of @entity5115 . OBJECTIVES: 1.     Using @entity1686 and Feulgen stain in the identification and counting of MFs on diagnosed cases of @entity5115 and thereby to evaluate their efficacy. 2.     To evaluate the variation in the number of MFs in various grades of @entity5115 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample includes retrieval of 30 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections diagnosed for different grades of @entity5115 (WHO grading system, 2005) from the archives, Department of Oral Pathology, MSRDC, Bengaluru. Ten tissue sections each of mild, moderate and severe @entity5115 were stained with H_E, Feulgen and 1% @entity1686 stains and the number of MFs were counted. Five cases of @entity2622 were taken as control. Stained sections were compared, and data obtained was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: A significant increase in the number of MFs (p = 0.02) was observed in Feulgen stained sections as compared to H_E stain. CONCLUSION: Feulgen stain can be considered as a simple, reliable, cost-effective and reproducible method of staining MFs. KEYWORDS: Mitotic figures, H_E stain, Feulgen stain, 1% @entity1686 stain, @entity2543 . How to cite this article: Rao RS, Patil S, Agarwal A. Comparison and Evaluation of Mitotic Figures in @entity2543 using @entity1686 and Feulgen Stain. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):273-277. Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None declared.

title: Comparison and Evaluation of Mitotic Figures in XXXX using @entity1686 and Feulgen Stain.

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['Oral Epithelial Dysplasia', 'Oral epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia', 'Epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['Crystal Violet', 'crystal violet']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity2543 :: (MESH:D017573,Disease) :: ['Oral Epithelial Dysplasia']


abstract: Purpose - The national tariff system for clinical processes and procedures aims to put a discrete unit cost on clinical activity. Calculating such costs can be subject to a great deal of local variation and interpretation. Given the rising costs of @entity6 the purpose of this paper is to ask the question what does a @entity6 outpatient appointment in the UK NHS actually cost? This is important in a time of financial austerity and healthcare rationing because it can be difficult to decipher the attribution of costs within the acute hospital setting. Design/methodology/approach - Exploring this question, the author considers the present cost model and analyse in terms of the language of unit model cost; the basic tariff system and how it works in @entity6 and looking at internal cost information the author attempts to unbundle the cost to provide a more accurate value for the cost object. Findings - One major finding is that costs and overheads are divided arbitrarily as opposed to being distributed on the basis of measured relative consumption. Alternative costing methods are appraised to demonstrate that a @entity1 level episodic costing approach such as @entity1 level information and costing system (PLICS) which incorporates aspects of @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) would be far more appropriate. Using time driven @entity3457 (TDABC), a new @entity1 appointment costs   162 for 30 minutes and a follow-up appointment costs   81 for 15 minutes. Practical implications - PLICS has the added benefit of greater financial and clinical transparency and this goes some way towards the holy grail of greater engagement with the doctors delivering clinical care. Social implications - It would appear that there are different purposes of different costing systems. One can argue that a costing system is there to both contain costs and divide overheads and demonstrate activity. Depending on how data are interpreted costing information can be an agent of enlightenment and behavioural modification for healthcare professionals to show them their direct and indirect costs, their capacity and productivity. Originality/value - Clinicians and health service managers can see from this practical example how the distribution of costs and resources are unfair and can impede the delivery of a service. By using alternative costing methodologies such as @entity3457 not only do the author gets a better reflection of the true cost of the finished consultant episode but is also able to engage clinicians in understanding how costs are generated.

title: How much does a @entity6 out- XXXX appointment actually cost? An argument for PLICS.

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['activity-based costing', 'ABC']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity5 staging according to the American Joint Committee on @entity5 /Union for International @entity5 Control @entity5 , node, @entity3 (TNM) system is currently regarded as the standard for staging of @entity1 with @entity14 . This system provides the strongest prognostic information for @entity1 with early stage disease and those with @entity1442 . For @entity1 with intermediate levels of disease, it is less able to predict disease outcome. Therefore, additional prognostic markers are needed to improve the management of affected @entity1 . Ideal markers are readily assessable on @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained @entity5 slides, and in this way are easily applicable worldwide. This review summarizes the histological features of @entity14 that can be used for prognostic stratification. Specifically, we refer to the different histological variants of @entity14 that have been identified, each of these variants carrying distinct prognostic significance. Established markers of adverse outcomes are lymphatic and venous invasion, as well as perineural invasion, but underreporting still occurs in the routine setting. @entity5 budding and @entity5 @entity39 are recent advances that may help to identify @entity1 at high risk for recurrence. The prognostic significance of the antitumor inflammatory response has been known for quite a long time, but a lack of standardization prevented its application in routine pathology. However, scales to assess intra- and peritumoral @entity32 have recently emerged, and can be expected to strengthen the prognostic significance of the pathology report.

title: Prognostic stratification of XXXX @entity1 : current perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Self-harm, such as self-cutting, self-poisoning or jumping from height, regardless of intentions, is common among @entity1 with @entity161 . We wished to investigate brain activations relating to self-harm, in order to test whether these activations could differentiate between @entity161 @entity1 with self-harm and those without. We used event-related functional MRI with a go/no-go response inhibition paradigm. Fourteen @entity161 @entity1 with a history of self-harm were compared with 14 @entity161 @entity1 without a history of self-harm and 17 healthy control @entity1 . In addition, we used standard clinical measures and neuropsychological tests to assess risk factors associated with self-harm. The right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the left posterior cingulate cortex differentiated all three groups; brain activation in these regions being greatest in the control group, and the self-harm @entity1 group being greater than in the non-self-harm @entity1 group. In the self-harm @entity1 group, right DLPFC activity was positively correlated with severity of suicidal thinking. In addition, both @entity1 groups showed less activation in the right orbitofrontal cortex, left ventral anterior cingulate cortex and right thalamus. This is the first study to report right DLPFC activation in association with self-harm and suicidal thinking in @entity1 with @entity161 . This area could be a target for future neuromodulation studies to treat suicidal thinking and self-harm behaviors in @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: Self-harm in XXXX is associated with dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior cingulate activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is one of the most effective antipsoriatic drugs available. Although it is undeniably hepatotoxic, it can be used safely in most @entity1 with severe @entity1569 if established guidelines are followed. Current opinion on the monitoring of @entity99 is divided, however, and the need for repeated liver biopsies during @entity1500 therapy is being re-examined. We have used @entity1500 in a short-term protocol in our @entity1 with @entity1569 for the past 20 years, and have recently attempted to minimize or eliminate the need for liver biopsies using this regimen. Data on 244 psoriatics who were given @entity1500 from 1981 to 2000 have been reviewed. Our protocol entailed the use of weekly oral @entity1500 at the full therapeutic dose during episodes of peak disease activity, with tapering off of @entity1500 when the disease subsided in response to treatment combined with natural/seasonal remission. Intensive topical and heliotherapy were encouraged throughout to facilitate the earliest possible drug withdrawal and the longest possible drug-free interval before the next relapse. Strict inclusion criteria were applied before starting @entity1500 . A total of 243 cycles of @entity1500 therapy have been given to 197 evaluable @entity1 . More than 75% improvement occurred in 88% of @entity1 in 8.5 +/- 5.1 weeks. The mean cumulative dose was 709.3 +/- 369.2 mg and the mean duration of follow-up was 16.5 +/- 9.1 months. Fifteen (6.1%) @entity1 had serious adverse effects requiring the cessation of therapy. Only three @entity1 had deranged liver function tests. Thirty-four pre- @entity1500 and 13 post- @entity1500 liver biopsies were taken, which revealed grade I or II changes that were nonprogressive. Our experience with short-term @entity1500 therapy has enabled us to safely administer @entity1500 to our @entity1 with minimal recourse to liver biopsy. In developing countries, where advanced noninvasive methods for the assessment of @entity409 are unaffordable or unavailable, this interrupted, short-term regimen may present an acceptable and safe method of using @entity1500 in carefully selected @entity1 with severe @entity1569 .

title: Short-term methotrexate therapy in XXXX : a study of 197 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic damage']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: There is no reference second-line treatment for @entity1 with @entity309 , @entity4932 , @entity5144 or @entity1691 after failure or intolerance of a slow-acting antirheumatic drug such as @entity1499 . Etanercept, a immunosuppressant targeting @entity310 (like infliximab), is now approved in France for use in these situations, with the exception of @entity1511 . In the second-line treatment of adults with @entity309 , the clinical evaluation dossier on etanercept contains data from dose-finding studies and two placebo-controlled trials involving @entity1 in whom several single-agent treatments had failed. At a dose of 25 mg subcutaneously twice a week, etanercept worked partially in about half the @entity1 . Without direct comparisons, the place of etanercept relative to other slow-acting antirheumatic drugs is difficult to establish. From indirect comparisons, etanercept seems a slightly better treatment option than infliximab. In the first-line treatment of @entity309 , one trial showed that etanercept worked faster than @entity1499 , but there was no significant difference between the two treatments after two years. Little is known about the efficacy of etanercept in @entity1 with @entity4932 who do not respond adequately to @entity1499 . There are no comparative trials. One double-blind placebo-controlled trial showed that etanercept, when it worked, remained active for at least 7 months. In one trial, etanercept was more effective than placebo in @entity1 with @entity5144 and @entity1691 who continued to receive their usual treatment, which included a slow-acting antirheumatic drug in about 50% of cases. More than 50% of @entity1 treated with etanercept have a cutaneous reaction to the injection. These reactions are usually mild or moderate. Active pharmacovigilance is needed, given its mechanism of action, and previous notifications of a wide variety of adverse effects (even though it is sometimes difficult to establish a foolproof link between etanercept and the adverse effect). Long-term studies of large numbers of @entity1 are needed to determine the precise risk of side effects including haematological, infectious, neurological, oncological and immunological effects. In practice, @entity1499 remains the first-line treatment for @entity625 . Etanercept can be a useful second-line treatment, especially in @entity4932 .

title: Etanercept: new preparation. Useful after XXXX failure in inflammatory rheumatism.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated for @entity9009 following @entity583 over a five year period. Twenty-three @entity1 underwent full haemodynamic investigation with a view to surgery and nineteen underwent operative closure of the defect. Overall hospital mortality was 47 per cent in the surgical group. Eleven @entity1 had surgery within two weeks of @entity1188 because of marked @entity5122 soon after @entity9009 but only two survived to leave hospital. Eight @entity1 underwent operation two weeks or longer after infaction, all were alive and well at discharge from hospital, six were well at one year and four at three years. Seven @entity1 did not undergo surgery and the maximum survival for these was eight months. No @entity1 in @entity1455 before @entity9009 benefited from repair. Rapid clinical deterioration following rupture carried a poor prognosis. In all the shunt was large and medical treatment was ineffective. It is concluded that early surgical repair should be considered except when @entity1455 antedates the @entity9009 .

title: The management of XXXX following @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal rupture', 'septal rupture']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity9009 :: (MESH:D018658,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal rupture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, especially Gram-negative bacteria, has driven investigations into suppressing bacterial virulence via quorum sensing (QS) inhibition strategies instead of bactericidal and bacteriostatic approaches. Here, we investigated several @entity5157 products for potential compound(s) that exhibit significant QS inhibitory (QSI) properties at the phenotypic and molecular levels in @entity67554 as a model organism. Manuka propolis produced the strongest @entity15135 inhibition on @entity15134 lawn agar, while @entity5157 pollen had no detectable QSI activity and honey had bactericidal activity. Fractionated manuka propolis (pooled fraction 5 or PF5) exhibited the largest @entity15135 inhibition zone (24.5      2.5  mm) at 1  mg dry weight per disc. In @entity15134 liquid cultures, at least 450    g/ml of manuka propolis PF5 completely inhibited @entity15135 production. Gene expression studies of the vioABCDE operon, involved in @entity15135 biosynthesis, showed significant (>= two-fold) down-regulation of vioA, vioD and vioE in response to manuka propolis PF5. A potential QSI compound identified in manuka propolis PF5 is a @entity40193 -derivative, @entity67555 , with a [M-H] of 247. Complete @entity15135 inhibition in @entity15134 liquid cultures was achieved with at least 50    g/ml of commercial @entity67555 . In silico docking experiments suggest that @entity67555 may act as an inhibitor of the @entity15135 biosynthetic pathway by acting as a competitor for the FAD-binding pockets of VioD and VioA. Further studies on these compounds are warranted toward the development of anti-pathogenic drugs as adjuvants to conventional antibiotic treatments, especially in antibiotic-resistant @entity2348 .

title: XXXX , a major compound in manuka propolis, is a quorum-sensing inhibitor in Chromobacterium violaceum.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity15135 :: ('MESH:C063155', 'Chemical') :: ['violacein']

entities_list: @entity67555 :: ('MESH:C054126', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenyl caffeate']

entities_list: @entity40193 :: ('CHEBI:23401', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxycinnamic acid']

entities_list: @entity67554 :: ('243365', 'Species') :: ['Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472']

answer: @entity67555 :: (MESH:C054126,Chemical) :: ['Isoprenyl caffeate']


abstract: A total of 614 fecal specimens were obtained during a survey for @entity6425 conducted between May 1996 and May 1998 among 437 newborns admitted to special care nurseries at a public hospital in the urban area of Bel  m, Brazil. Routine stool samples were taken weekly from all babies up to the age of 28 days. Overall, 51 (11.7%) of the neonates @entity644 while in hospital, of whom 42 (82.3%) developed asymptomatic @entity580 ; @entity580 was also proved in five of the nine @entity1 with @entity294 . Three distinct RNA profiles were detected, of which one short electropherotyping pattern was far more frequent ( approximately 90% of the strains). Using monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassays, 32 (62.7%) of the rotavirus-positive strains were classified as G2, and 1 (1.9%) as mixed G1 and G2. A G serotype could not be assigned to 18 (35.3%) of the isolates. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used for determining the VP4 type-specificity of a subset of 28 rotavirus-positive samples. Characterization of the VP7-genotype specificity was also sought for 18 of these latter strains. Overall, P[6] and G2 genotypes were identified in 93% and 94% of tested samples respectively, with results being further confirmed by Southern hybridization. Although surveillance was conducted during a 25-month period, 50 (98%) of 51 rotavirus isolates clustered between January and December 1997. The earliest [P6]G2 @entity6425 were detected by late January 1997, involving two (13- and 14-day-old) babies admitted with acute @entity294 . Thereafter, strains bearing these genotype specificities were identified among five @entity1 with hospital-acquired @entity1902 , followed by 16 others who were infected asymptomatically. This is the first report from Brazil describing nosocomial transmission of P[6]G2 rotavirus strains among neonates.

title: Neonatal XXXX in Bel  m, northern Brazil: nosocomial transmission of a P[6] G2 strain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['excreted rotaviruses']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection', 'rotavirus infections']

answer: @entity6425 :: (MESH:D012400,Disease) :: ['rotavirus infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ) is reported to be beneficial for @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 ( @entity43 ). The current study is to evaluate risk factors that would affect the surgical optimal resection rate and prognosis of recurrent @entity43 after @entity3528 in Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: In our study, 44 @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 treated with @entity3528 at Shandong Cancer Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 characteristics were collected and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors that affect the optimal surgical resection rate. The overall survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to analyze risk factors that affect the overall survival of these @entity1 . RESULTS: 90.9% (40/44) @entity1 achieved optimal cytoreductive surgery. Logistic regression did not find any factor that affects the optimal surgical resection rate. Among 24 cases that received chemotherapy before @entity3528 , 18 cases achieved good response and thus had a better survival rate after @entity3528 . Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis indicated that differentiation, the extent of surgical resection during the initial surgery, and course and efficacy of chemotherapy prior to @entity3528 , and efficacy of chemotherapy after the first recurrence significantly correlated with survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 (P < 0.05; OR < 1). CONCLUSION: Selection of @entity1 that are suitable to perform @entity3528 will enhance the optimal surgical resection rate. The prognosis of Chinese @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 after @entity3528 is affected by histologic grade, the extent of @entity66 and the effect of chemotherapy after first relapse.

title: Evaluation of prognostic factors for secondary cytoreductive surgery in Chinese @entity1 with recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['SCS', 'Secondary cytoreductive surgery']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To date, right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy administered at 6x @entity410 threshold (6x RUL-ECT) has been described in relation to @entity308 alone. For clinicians who have developed an experience and confidence in bilateral ECT, the effectiveness of 6x RUL-ECT in other @entity146 , particularly those who are severely ill, has remained untested and therefore unknown. This article describes the results of 6x RUL-ECT in a select series of @entity1 with a nondepressive @entity716 . METHOD: Six @entity1 with @entity914 of nondepressive origin were selected from a recent 2-year retrospective review of 6x RUL-ECT practice. The clinical presentation, ECT parameters, and responses were recorded. RESULTS: Four @entity1 with severe @entity914 , two of whom met broad criteria for @entity2436 , responded to an index course of 6x RUL-ECT. One psychogeriatric @entity1 who had protracted inpatient mania continues to benefit from outpatient maintenance 6x RUL-ECT over 18 months. Two elderly males, in whom @entity410 were difficult to elicit and maintain, responded poorly. CONCLUSION: 6x RUL-ECT was effective in 4 @entity1 with nondepressive, @entity914 . While clinically viable and although memory was not assessed, it is uncertain what advantage 6x RUL-ECT confers over a bilateral electrode placement. The real focus should remain on clinical responsivity.

title: Right unilateral ECT at 6x XXXX threshold: is it effective in the @entity914 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic illness']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonia']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report successful treatment of persistent @entity1829 associated with @entity732 with ranibizumab after initial failure with bevacizumab intravitreal injections. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all @entity1 undergoing treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab for @entity732 was undertaken. Clinical features of @entity1 who were switched to monthly ranibizumab because of persistent and/or worsening @entity1829 despite multiple (six or more) monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections were selected for review. The type of @entity732 , age of the @entity1 , visual acuity at each visit, number of intravitreal bevacizumab injections, optical coherence tomography findings at each visit, @entity941 angiography, and number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections with optical coherence tomography findings at each subsequent visit were recorded. RESULTS: Six @entity1 (five @entity1 and one @entity1 ) were identified. Age ranged from 56 years to 74 years. Five had central @entity2994 and one a @entity2994 . All were treated with at least 6 sequential intravitreal bevacizumab injections (range, 6-13) before treatment with ranibizumab. All demonstrated an immediate and marked @entity1829 that had not occurred with any of the previous treatments. The average central foveal thickness on optical coherence tomography was 592   m before ranibizumab injection and 346   m after the injection. Visual acuity improved in four of the six @entity1 and was stable in the remaining two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Eyes of @entity1 with persistent @entity1103 secondary to @entity2994 despite bevacizumab may experience prompt improvement after initiation of intravitreal ranibizumab injections.

title: Intravitreous ranibizumab for persistent XXXX in @entity2994 unresponsive to bevacizumab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in retinal edema', 'retinal edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: AIM: First to give a brief introduction to some dimensions of phenomenology as philosophy, and then to discuss some problems related to empirical research. The objectives of the discussion are: (1) to show what is involved in investigating changes in the life-world caused by illness and (2) to show what must be taken into consideration to obtain adequate descriptions of the changes. RATIONALE: To discuss some of the methodological requirements and challenges that phenomenological studies are expected to meet, particularly focusing on the data collection phase. METHODS: This is primarily a theoretical analysis supplemented by illustrations drawn from an ongoing study of @entity1 who have had @entity64 . FINDINGS: Openness is essential in the whole research process. It is a precondition for conversation with the informants. In interview-based investigations two forms of @entity1538 are at issue - the informant's @entity1538 in describing his/her life-world, and the sensitivity of the researcher as regards seeing and hearing what is conveyed in the situation. Both forms of @entity1538 can be influenced positively or negatively by many factors, including the physical and mental health of the informants, the researcher's theoretical insight, her ability to communicate, and not least the relationship between the informant and the researcher. A relationship of power, for example, might reinforce gender differences, differences in cultural background, education and social status. CONCLUSION: Openness on the part of the researcher is a prerequisite in order to gain access to the informant's life-world.

title: Gaining access to the life-world of XXXX suffering from @entity64 : methodological issues in empirical phenomenological studies.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['suffered stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The aim of this study was to review the natural history of symptomatic intramedullary spinal cord (IMSC) cavernous @entity600 in order to analyze the underlying mechanisms leading to symptoms and determine the potential risk of lesional @entity548 . Between January 1990 and June 2001, ten consecutive @entity1 with IMSC cavernous @entity600 were treated surgically in our institution. Age ranged from 17 to 73 years (mean 34.5). All @entity1 became symptomatic due to one or more @entity548 leading to @entity51 of different severity, with a more aggressive course for @entity75 . Pre- and postoperative @entity1 condition was classified according to the Frankel scale. Four @entity1 experienced one @entity548 , four @entity1 two, one @entity1 three, and another one five repeated @entity548 . The @entity548 rate for symptomatic IMSC cavernous @entity600 was 4.5% per @entity1 /year, with a prospective rehemorrhage risk of 66% per @entity1 /year. The postoperative condition was improved in four @entity1 and unchanged in six, and none grew worse. Detailed analysis of history and clinical course in all @entity1 revealed an acute onset of symptoms with subsequent @entity16 after each @entity548 episode. Based on the significant risk of rehemorrhage and the gratifying functional results, surgery is indicated for symptomatic IMSC cavernous @entity600 .

title: Intramedullary spinal cord cavernous @entity600 : clinical features and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhages', 'annual retrospective hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['upper cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: Myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (mDCs, pDC) are crucial to the immune system, detecting microorganisms and linking the innate and adaptive immunity. pDC are present in small quantities in tissues that are in contact with the external environment; mainly the skin, the inner lining of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines. They produce large amounts of @entity3027 after stimulation and are pivotal for the induction of antiviral responses. @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) @entity1 are known to be more susceptible to @entity1800 . We have demonstrated that exposure of mDC to @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) leads to the release of chemokines, however, not much is known about the role of pDC in @entity1030 . In this study, we addressed several key questions with respect to the mechanism of action of @entity1981 on @entity1 pDC in an in vitro model. @entity1 pDCs were isolated from normal healthy volunteers and subjected to fresh @entity1981 and the levels of @entity687 , @entity310 , @entity371 , @entity650 , @entity1192 , IL-12 and @entity688 and @entity3027 were studied by both ELISA and real time PCR methods. We observed that @entity1981 augmented the production of @entity687 and suppressed the release of @entity310 , @entity650 and @entity3027 . Moreover, @entity1981 suppressed PI3K/ @entity584 signalling in pDC. In conclusion, our data indicate that @entity1981 has both the potential to diminish anti-viral immunity by downregulating the release of @entity3027 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines while, at the same time, augmenting the pathogenesis of @entity1030 via an @entity687 induced recruitment of neutrophils.

title: Cigarette smoke attenuates the production of cytokines by @entity1 plasmacytoid dendritic cells and enhances the release of XXXX in response to TLR-9 stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['CSE', 'cigarette smoke extract']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the profiles of Ang-(1-7), MAS receptor, ACE(2), NEP and PEP during the ovulatory process in @entity291 . For this study, 40 synchronized @entity291 with follicular diameter >=  12 mm were ovariectomized at different time-points (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h) after i.m. application of @entity1176 ( @entity1176 ) to induce a luteinizing hormone surge. Follicular fluid was collected for measuring Ang-(1-7) by radioimmunoassay. Theca and granulosa cells were isolated from the preovulatory follicles to evaluate the gene expression of MAS receptor, ACE(2), NEP and PEP by qRT-PCR assay. Cross-contamination between theca and granulosa cells was tested by RT-PCR to detect cytochrome P450 aromatase ( @entity4127 ) and 17a-hydroxylase ( @entity21768 ) mRNA. Ang-(1-7) levels were constant until 12 h and then increased (p < 0.05) at 24 h after @entity1176 . Messenger RNA expression of MAS, ACE(2), NEP and @entity7955 was detected in theca and granulosa cells at all time-points after @entity1176 . In granulosa cells, ACE(2), NEP and PEP were differentially expressed after @entity1176 treatment (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the Ang-(1-7), MAS receptor, ACE(2), NEP and PEP profiles in preovulatory follicles indicate that Ang-(1-7) plays a role in the regulation of the ovulatory process in @entity291 .

title: Molecular characterization and regulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS receptor axis during the ovulation process in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRH', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: @entity8383 is a pro  -inflammatory protein. The inhibition of @entity8383 reduces the activity of numerous pro  -inflammatory transcription factors, which results in the reduced production of pro  -inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases and inducible nitric oxide synthase, culminating in reduced @entity32 of the skin and other organs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the deletion of @entity8383 expression on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and PUFA metabolite composition, in @entity19 under control conditions or undergoing an oxazolone (OXA)  -induced @entity56 ( @entity56 ). @entity56 was elicited using OXA in both the @entity8383 +/+ and @entity8383 / @entity19 , and the concentration of PUFAs and PUFA metabolites in the diseased skin were assessed using lipidomics experiments. The levels of @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were shown to be increased in the @entity8383 / @entity19 , as compared with the control, unsensitized @entity8383 +/+ @entity19 . In addition, higher expression levels of @entity25843 ( @entity25843 ) were detected in the @entity8383 / @entity19 . @entity25843 is considered to be a specific carrier of @entity7245 and EPA. Furthermore, the levels of the metabolites of @entity7245 and EPA (considered mainly as anti  -inflammatory or pro  -resolving factors) were higher, as compared with the metabolites of arachidonic acid (considered mainly pro  -inflammatory), both in the unsensitized control and OXA  -sensitized @entity8383 / @entity19 . The results of the present study suggest that the genetic deletion of @entity8383 may affect the PUFA  -homeostasis of the skin, resulting in an anti  -inflammatory milieu, including increased @entity7245 and EPA levels, and @entity7245 and EPA metabolite levels. This may be an important component of the anti  -inflammatory action of @entity8383 inhibition.

title: Poly(ADP) ribose polymerase-1 ablation alters eicosanoid and docosanoid signaling and metabolism in a XXXX model of contact @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['DHA', 'docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['CHS', 'contact hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity25843 :: ('12140(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['FABP7', 'fatty acid binding protein 7']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To prevent @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), surgery is recommended in @entity1 with severe primary @entity339 as soon as ejection fraction (EF)  <=60% or LV end-systolic diameter >= 40 mm. However, @entity1002 may be concealed behind preoperative normal LVEF and LV end-systolic diameter. We sought to identify whether a new composite echocardiographic Doppler marker of the LV ejection according to the LV dilatation may predict postoperative @entity1002 and outcome after mitral valve repair in @entity1 with primary @entity339 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 1991 and 2010, @entity1 who underwent mitral valve repair for primary @entity339 were studied. From preoperative echocardiography, we calculated LV ejection index (LVEI) using following formula: LVEI=indexed LV end-systolic diameter/LV outflow tract time-velocity integral. In the 278 @entity1 included, the best correlation with postoperative LVEF was found with LVEI (r=-0.40; P<0.0001), even in @entity1 with preoperative LVEF>= 60% (r=-0.46; P<0.0001). In multivariable analysis, LCEI>1.13 was an independent predictor of postoperative @entity1002 (P<0.0001). During a mean follow-up of 10  4.6 years, 67 (29%) @entity204 occurred. When compared with @entity1 with preserved LVEI, those with LVEI>1.13 had significantly lower both survival and @entity204 -free survival (P=0.017 and P=0.008, respectively). Similar results were found in @entity1 with preoperative LVEF>= 60% (P=0.049 and P=0.016, respectively). In Cox proportional hazard model, after meticulous adjustment for cofactors, LVEI>1.13 remains independently associated with @entity204 (hazard ratio, 1.64; P=0.039) and @entity204 (hazard ratio, 3.27; P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS: After mitral valve repair for primary @entity339 , the preoperative LVEI is a new and simple composite parameter of both LV dilatation and LV forward flow able to accurately predict postoperative @entity1002 and outcome.

title: Clinical and Prognostic Impact of a New Left Ventricular Ejection Index in Primary XXXX Because of Mitral Valve Prolapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac-related death', 'cardiac death', 'death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Mitral Regurgitation']


abstract: AIM: Defibrillation by bystanders and first responders has been associated with increased survival, but limited data are available from non-metropolitan areas. We examined time from 911-call to defibrillation (according to who defibrillated @entity1 ) and survival in North Carolina. METHODS: Through the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, we identified 1732 defibrillated out-of-hospital @entity1167 from counties with complete case capture (population 2.7 million) from 2010 to 2013. RESULTS: Most @entity1 (60.9%) were defibrillated in >10min. A minority (8.0%) was defibrillated <5min; most of these @entity1 were defibrillated by first responders (51.8%) and bystanders (33.1%), independent of location of arrest (residential or public). Bystanders initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in 49.0% of cases and defibrillated 13.4% of those. Survival decreased with increasing time to defibrillation (<2min: 59.1%; 2 to <5min: 38.5%; 5-10min: 33.1%; >10min: 13.2%). Odds of survival with favorable neurologic outcome adjusted for age, sex, and bystander CPR improved with faster defibrillation (<2min: OR 7.73 [95% CI 3.19-18.73]; 2 to <5min: 3.78 [2.45-5.84]; 5-10min: 3.16 [2.42-4.12]; >10min: reference). CONCLUSION: Bystanders and first responders were mainly responsible for defibrillation within 5min, independent of location of arrest. Bystanders initiated CPR in half of the @entity1167 cases but only defibrillated a minority of those. @entity1054 and defibrillation by bystanders and/or first responders were strongly associated with increased survival. Strategic efforts to increase bystander and first-responder defibrillation are warranted to increase survival after out-of-hospital @entity1167 .

title: The role of bystanders, first responders, and emergency medical service providers in timely defibrillation and related outcomes after out-of-hospital XXXX : Results from a statewide registry.

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['Timely defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrests', 'cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: A two stage sequential Fenton's oxidation followed by aerobic biological treatment train was used to achieve decolorization and to enhance mineralization of @entity24740 dyes, viz. Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Reactive Blue 13 (RB13), and Acid Orange 7 (AO7). In the first stage, Fenton's oxidation process was used while in the second stage aerobic sequential batch reactors (SBRs) were used as biological process. Study was done to evaluate effect of pH on Fenton's oxidation process. Results reveal that pH 3 was optimum pH for achieving decolorization and dearomatization of dyes by Fenton's process. Degradation of dye was assessed by COD reduction and reduction in @entity17072 ( @entity12683 chromophores) which was measured by reduction in absorbance at 200 nm. More than 95% of color was removed with Fenton's oxidation process in all dyes. In overall treatment train 81.95, 85.57, and 77.83% of COD reduction was achieved in RB5, RB13, and AO7 dyes, respectively. In the Fenton's oxidation process 56, 24.5, and 80% reduction in @entity12683 group was observed in RB5, RB13, and AO7, respectively, which further increased to 81.34, 68.73, and 92% after aerobic treatment. Fenton's oxidation process followed by aerobic SBRs treatment sequence seems to be viable method for achieving significant degradation of @entity24740 dye.

title: Degradation of XXXX dyes by sequential Fenton's oxidation and aerobic biological treatment.

entities_list: @entity17072 :: ('CHEBI:33860', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amines']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

answer: @entity24740 :: (CHEBI:33835,Chemical) :: ['azo']