abstract: From 1966 through 1988, 124 @entity1 with @entity1893 of the @entity3521 were treated. Seventy @entity1 were male, and 54 were female. Age ranged from 5 to 81 years with a median value of 53 years. Pathological slides were reviewed and reclassified according to the Working Formulation. Diffuse large cell type was most common (53%). Since 1981, @entity3726 has been incorporated into the treatment including stage I and II @entity1 . During these 22 years, new imaging modalities have developed, and an upstage rate by using those modalities has increased from 5% to 9%. In order to make the comparison meaningful, we used clinical stage determined at the day of the first visit. Fifty-one @entity1 were clinical stage I, 64 were stage II, seven were stage III, and two were stage IV. B symptom was seen in 8 @entity1 . Relapse developed in 45 @entity1 (41%) out of 111 who achieved complete remission, and distant relapse was most frequent (89%). Salvage therapy was successful in only three @entity1 of the 45 relapsed @entity1 . Overall 5-year freedom from relapse (FFR) were 38% for the @entity1 treated until 1980, and 69% for the @entity1 treated thereafter (p less than 0.01). Addition of @entity3726 to radiotherapy has increased 5-year FFR of the stage II @entity1 from 31% to 81% (p less than 0.01). In stage I, 5-year FFR was 71% in the @entity1 treated with @entity3726 and radiotherapy, and it was 27% treated without @entity3726 . But the difference has no statistical significance, and we can not rule out the presence of selection bias.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity1893 of the XXXX : the treatment results of the past 22 years and the significance of @entity3726 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ["Waldeyer's ring"]

answer: @entity3521 :: (MESH:D012303,Disease) :: ['Waldeyer's ring']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between treatment failure and @entity2247 expression in @entity5 @entity1 treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study were 22 @entity5 @entity1 . The @entity1 were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by radiotherapy, or with radiotherapy alone. The @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues of 11 @entity1 who developed a locoregional recurrence (n=7) or distant @entity3 (n=4) were compared with those of 11 disease free @entity1 . Prognostic factors, including histological type, stage, radiation dose and chemotherapy, were well balanced between the two groups. The @entity2247 expression was determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: @entity2247 expression was stronger in the @entity1 with a locoregional recurrence or distant @entity3 than in those free of disease. The @entity2247 distribution scores of the control group were as follows: 0 in 7, 1 in 2 and 2 in 2 @entity1 . In the recurrence group, the scores were as follows; 0 in 3, 1 in 1, 2 in 2 and 3 in 5 @entity1 . @entity2247 expression was shown to have a statistically significant influence on the treatment failure by the Mann-Whitney U test (p=0.024) and Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square test (p=0.018). It also significantly influenced the treatment failure when an analysis was performed within @entity1 with a undifferentiated histology (p=0.039 by the Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.037 by the Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square test). CONCLUSION: @entity2247 expression is believed to be one of the important factors associated with a locoregional recurrence or distant @entity3 .

title: Expression of XXXX as a prognostic factor in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase (COX)-2']


abstract: Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) derived from the near-centromeric area of chromosome 2 are very rare. In addition, duplications of the 2p11.2-->q11.2 region have displayed considerable variability between @entity1 harboring and lacking clinical findings. Moreover, constitutional duplication of the 19q12-->q13.2 region has previously only been described in two cases and was associated with delay of developmental milestones, @entity16282 , and @entity28 . Herein, we present a genotype-phenotype correlation in a @entity1 harboring two sSMCs derived from chromosomes 2 and 14 or 22, respectively. The DNA was studied using G-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques, and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. A 48,XX,+der(2)del(2)( @entity1354 )del(2)(q11.2),+der(14)t(14;19)(q11;q12)del(19)(q13.31) or 48,XX,+der(2)del(2)( @entity1354 )del(2)(q11.2),+der(22)t(22;19)(q11;q12)del(19)(q13.31) was detected in the @entity1 . The sSMC 14;19 or 22;19, with its centromere originating from either chromosome 14 or 22, encompassed a 13.56 megabase (Mb) 19q derived region, harboring 263 genes, and the sSMC 2 a 2.71 Mb region including 29 genes. The @entity1 had symptoms including a ventral @entity1757 , bilateral grade IV urinary reflux, @entity6789 agenesis, @entity4353 , and @entity28 . The 19q segment contained the genes @entity23698 , @entity29916 , @entity6863 , @entity1384 , and @entity2533 which are involved in adipose tissue homeostasis and insulin resistance, and could potentially contribute to the @entity28 phenotype observed. Array-based genetic characterization and long-term clinical evaluation with attention toward @entity1017 in @entity1 with chromosome 19q duplications might in the future lead to the description of a @entity28 -associated @entity74 , something that could have implications in management and treatment of @entity1 carrying a dup(19)(q12q13.2). Whether the der(2)(p11q11.2) contributes to the phenotype remains inconclusive.

title: dup(19)(q12q13.2): array-based genotype-phenotype correlation of a new possibly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16282 :: ('MESH:D058540', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum anomalies']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity-related syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: On February 19, 2016, the FDA approved @entity20406 (Ibrance, Pfizer) for use in combination with @entity1299 (Faslodex, AstraZeneca) for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5282 ( @entity5282 )-positive, @entity1722 -negative advanced or @entity0 ( @entity0 ) with disease progression following endocrine therapy. The approval was based on the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 521 pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity5282 -positive, @entity1722 -negative advanced or @entity0 . @entity1 were randomized (2:1) to receive @entity20406 plus @entity1299 (n = 347) or placebo plus @entity1299 (n = 174). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). A statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in PFS (9.5 months vs. 4.6 months) was observed in @entity1 receiving @entity20406 plus @entity1299 [ @entity5282 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36-0.59; P < 0.0001]. Safety data confirmed the known adverse reaction profile of @entity20406 . The most common adverse reactions (>20%) in @entity1 treated with @entity20406 were @entity1398 , @entity1431 , @entity281 , @entity1295 , @entity390 , @entity417 , @entity3136 , @entity10 , @entity294 , and @entity882 . This approval was granted in the context of a prior accelerated approval for @entity20406 in combination with @entity4672 in @entity1 with @entity5282 -positive, @entity1722 -negative @entity0 as initial endocrine-based therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 4968-72.   2016 AACR.

title: FDA Approval of @entity20406 in Combination with @entity1299 for the Treatment of @entity5282 -Positive, XXXX -Negative Metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer', 'metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1299 :: ('MESH:C070081', 'Chemical') :: ['fulvestrant']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity20406 :: ('MESH:C500026', 'Chemical') :: ['palbociclib']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['HR', 'hormone receptor']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Epithelioid sarcomalike (pseudomyogenic) hemangioendothelioma ( @entity2828 ) is a recently described and @entity1350 that frequently presents with @entity75 . Histopathologic characterization includes sheets or fascicles of plump, spindled and epithelioid, rhabdomyoblastlike neoplastic cells involving the dermis and often extending to subcutaneous tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals neoplastic cells that show a constant immunophenotype characterized by immunoreactivity for cytokeratins and endothelial markers. OBSERVATIONS: We described the clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of 2 cases of cutaneous @entity2828 . Clinical examination revealed @entity75 that consisted of erythematous nodules on the leg and foot in case 1 and small perioral papules in case 2. Neoplastic cells had a rhabdomyoblastic appearance, with large nuclei and ample eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed expression of cytokeratin @entity1325 / @entity1326 , @entity2279 , ERG, and @entity21468 , with focal and weak positivity for CAM 5.2 and smooth muscle actin. The nuclei of neoplastic cells showed intact expression of @entity6195 . This immunoprofile, especially the ERG positivity, demonstrated the endothelial nature of proliferating cells. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend adding the low-grade @entity5 @entity2828 to the large list of cutaneous vascular proliferations. Dermatologists should be aware of this low-grade cutaneous @entity5 .

title: Cutaneous epithelioid sarcomalike (pseudomyogenic) hemangioendothelioma: a little-known low-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal lesions', 'dermatologic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['little-known vascular neoplasm']

answer: @entity1350 :: (MESH:D019043,Disease) :: ['cutaneous vascular neoplasm']


abstract: A prospective randomized trial of therapy for severe @entity2150 was designed to compare early bone marrow transplantation with conventional treatments. All @entity1 with a sibling matched at the major histocompatibility region were transplanted. Transplantation was performed with 17-100 (median 33) days of original diagnosis. Conventional treatments included transfusion support with or without @entity3800 . Twenty-four of 36 @entity1 intered on the transplant arm are alive after 4-20 (median 9) mo with full marrow reconstitution. Only two are limited by @entity2132 . In contrast only 12 of 31 conventionally treated @entity1 are alive. Six of these survivors have improved, five incompletely. The 19 nontransplant deaths have occurred within 1-11 (median 3) mo of diagnosis. Compared to nontransplant regimens, early transplantation more effectively restores normal marrow function and decreases the acute mortality of severe @entity236 (p = 0.006). Pending longer follow-up, early marrow transplantation appears to be the most effective available treatment for severe @entity2150 .

title: Severe XXXX : a prospective study of the effect of early marrow transplantation on acute mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow aplasia']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: A cytosolic @entity1110 -dependent @entity10697 -containing enzyme purified from @entity1527 epimastigotes [Kuwahara, White, and Agosin: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 124, 121 (1984); Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 239, 18 (1985)] catalyzes the conversion of @entity30171 to its corresponding @entity12139 . The identity of the product has been established by high performance liquid chromatography and paper chromatography elution patterns and by electron impact spectrometry. The oxidation of @entity30171 was determined by following the oxidation of @entity1110 spectrophotometrically, and a double reciprocal plot of reaction velocity vs. substrate concentration was prepared. At an optimum pH of 8.0, the plot resulted in Km and Vmax values of 56 microM and 114 nmol X min-1 X mg of protein-1, respectively. The oxidative activity of the enzyme suggests that it may be involved in detoxication processes which may contribute to the resistance of @entity1527 to known antiprotozoal drugs.

title: Conversion of @entity30171 to N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide by a cytosolic flavin-containing enzyme from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity30171 :: ('MESH:C015157', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethylaniline']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: PROBLEM:     The extent of the vaginal immune response is not fully determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vaginal immune cells from @entity1 with @entity15231 ( @entity15231 ). METHOD OF STUDY: A total of 142 volunteers diagnosed with @entity6981 ( @entity6981 ), @entity363 ( @entity363 ), and @entity6981 associated with @entity363 or normal microflora were sampled to evaluate the immune cells by flow cytometry. The immune cells were obtained by vaginal lavage and labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to identify neutrophil granulocytes, macrophages, @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and NK lymphocytes. RESULTS: Neutrophil granulocytes were present in 84.6% of samples among the leukocyte populations. Considering samples in which neutrophils were present, the mean percentage of neutrophil granulocytes was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity363 than @entity6981 and normal microflora and was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity6981 than normal microflora. Macrophages and lymphocytes were present in a lower percentage of samples. The mean percentage of @entity404 (+) T lymphocytes in vaginal lavages was significantly higher in @entity363 and @entity6981 compared with @entity1 with normal microflora. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils were the predominant leukocytes and were associated with @entity363 and inversely with @entity6981 . @entity404 (+) T lymphocytes were associated with both @entity363 and @entity6981 .

title: Identification of immune cells by flow cytometry in vaginal lavages from @entity1 with XXXX and normal microflora.

entities_list: @entity363 :: ('MESH:D002181', 'Disease') :: ['VC', 'vulvovaginal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity15231 :: ('MESH:D014848', 'Disease') :: ['VV', 'vulvovaginitis']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['BV', 'bacterial vaginosis']

answer: @entity15231 :: (MESH:D014848,Disease) :: ['vulvovaginitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the bleaching @entity22322 ( @entity22322 ) of two @entity273 (HP) concentrations (20% and 35%) used for in-office bleaching associated or not with a light-emitting diode (LED)/laser light activation. METHOD: Seventy-seven @entity1 with a right maxillary @entity235 darker than A3 were selected for this single-blind randomized trial. The @entity1 were distributed in four groups: bleaching with 35% HP, 35% HP + LED/laser, 20% HP, and 20% HP + LED/laser. The anterior teeth were bleached in two sessions, using a 35% or 20% HP gel with a one-week interval. Each session had three applications of 15 minutes. For the light-activated groups, the LED/laser energy (Whitening Laser Light Plus, @entity33679 ) was employed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The color change was evaluated by subjective and objective methods. @entity1 recorded @entity22322 with five-point verbal and visual analog scales. Color change in   E was evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey tests (a=0.05) and in   SGU with Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn test. The absolute risk of @entity22322 and @entity22322 intensity were evaluated by @entity16043 exact test and Kruskall-Wallis test, respectively (a=0.05). RESULTS: All groups achieved the same level of whitening, except for the 20% HP group, which showed the lowest degree of whitening. The use of light did not increase the absolute risk or intensity of @entity22322 . No significant difference among groups was observed when color changes were assessed with the spectrophotometer. CONCLUSION: According to the value-oriented shade guide, the use of LED/laser light activation was able to increase the degree of whitening of the 20% HP group, but this association was not useful for the 35% HP gel. The spectrophotometer, however, did not detect significant differences among groups.

title: A Single-Blind Randomized Trial About the Effect of XXXX Concentration on Light-Activated Bleaching.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity22322 :: ('MESH:D014076', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'efficacy and tooth sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen Peroxide']


abstract: A form of electrically-induced @entity1337 known as electroacupuncture was administered to @entity35 bilaterally at the point "Huan-tiao." Compared with untreated @entity35 , treated @entity35 showed altered @entity158 thresholds characterized as low, intermediate, and high. From immunocytochemical studies, the spinal cords taken from the treated @entity35 exhibited differences in immunoreactivity for substance @entity10133 ), @entity1853 - and @entity368 -enkephalins (ME and LE respectively). By densitometry, the altered levels of immunoreactive (IR) peptides correlated with the @entity158 thresholds in specific ways. That is, high @entity158 threshold correlated with the visualization of increased IR-SP adn IR-LE within neuronal processes throughout the dorsal horn substantia gelatinosa. In the same specimens, decreased IR-ME could be seen. In contrast, low @entity158 threshold correlated with decreased IR-SP and IR-ME. IR-LE showed a concomitant decrease in the medial substantia gelatinosa region, and slight, insignificant changes laterally. The data suggest that different degrees of @entity1337 induced by electroacupuncture result from the variable release of SP, ME, and LE in spinal regions associated with nociception. In terms of current models of @entity158 processing, the data do not entirely support an axo-axonic interaction between @entity10971 interneurons and SP terminals. Some modifications and an alternative model are considered.

title: Alterations of immunoreactive substance P and enkephalins in XXXX spinal cord after electroacupuncture.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We conducted a phase II clinical trial of @entity1487 (5FU) and recombinant interferon alfa-2a (rIFN alpha-2a) in 52 previously untreated @entity1 with bidimensionally measurable metastatic @entity14 . During week 1, 5FU was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion, 750 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days. Intravenous bolus administration of 5FU 750 mg/m2 was given weekly for 7 weeks starting on day 12. rIFN alpha-2a (Roferon; Hoffman-LaRoche, Nutley, NJ), 9 x 10(6) U, was administered subcutaneously three times weekly during weeks 1 to 8. @entity1 were evaluated for response on week 9. Of 52 @entity1 enrolled in the study, 51 were assessable for @entity137 , and 45 were assessable for response. Fifteen @entity1 experienced partial response, and one @entity1 achieved a clinical complete response for an overall response rate of 35% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22%, 50%). Median duration of response is 7.5 months (range, 4 to 11 months). Seventy percent of @entity1 entered on the study are alive with a median follow-up duration of 7 months. Twenty-five percent of @entity1 developed grade 4 @entity137 , and 82% developed grade 3 @entity137 . One @entity204 in the presence of @entity295 was reported, and two treatment-related @entity410 occurred. Our experience with this schedule produced a lower response rate with greater @entity137 than previously reported. Current randomized trials comparing this schedule of 5FU with rIFN alpha-2a to 5FU plus @entity4181 ( @entity4181 ) or single-agent 5FU may determine its role in the treatment of advanced @entity14 .

title: Phase II study of XXXX and recombinant interferon alfa-2a in previously untreated advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid', 'leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['drug-related death']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: Six @entity1 with either recurrent (n = 4) or unresectable (n = 2) @entity957 of the @entity17904 (n = 5) and urethra (n = 1) received chemotherapy with @entity900 intravenously at a dose of 100 mg/m2. This was followed 24 hours later by a continuous intravenous infusion of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) at a dose of 960 mg/m2/d for five days every 3 to 4 weeks. There was universal alopecia. The other @entity137 were mild and consisted of @entity33 , @entity390 , @entity391 , reversible creatininemia, and transient @entity2629 . After chemotherapy, five @entity1 had a clinical partial response and one had a complete response. Of the five @entity1 with no metastases, three had residual unresectable @entity5 . These three @entity1 received radiation and survived for 6, 8, and 20 months after the start of chemotherapy. The other two @entity1 were rendered disease-free by surgery. The first @entity1 , who was a partial responder to chemotherapy, survived for 26 months. The second @entity1 , who was a clinical complete responder, had excision of microscopic disease and is disease-free at 32+ months after the start of chemotherapy. This is the first article to report that the combination of @entity900 and @entity1487 is active in @entity17539 . After chemotherapy, surgery may be useful in selected @entity1 to accurately assess response and excise localized @entity41 . @entity1 rendered @entity5 -free may achieve long-term survival.

title: Chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity1487 for penile and urethral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile and urethral carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Obese and sedentary @entity1 have an increased risk for @entity5 , but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Angiogenesis is common to adipose tissue formation and remodeling, and to @entity5 vascularization. A total of 439 overweight/ @entity28 , healthy, postmenopausal @entity1 [body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m(2)] ages 50-75 years, recruited between 2005 and 2008 were randomized to a 4-arm 12-month randomized controlled trial, comparing a caloric restriction diet arm (goal: 10% @entity353 , N = 118), aerobic exercise arm (225 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous activity, N = 117), a combined diet + exercise arm (N = 117), or control (N = 87) on circulating levels of angiogenic biomarkers. @entity32703 ( @entity2289 ), and @entity32704 ( @entity32704 ) were measured by immunoassay at baseline and 12 months. Changes were compared using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for baseline BMI, age, and race/ethnicity. @entity1 randomized to the diet + exercise arms had statistically significantly greater reductions in @entity2289 at 12 months compared with controls (-19.3% vs. +3.48%, respectively, P < 0.0001). @entity1 randomized to the diet and diet + exercise arms had statistically significantly greater reductions in @entity32704 (-9.20%, -9.90%, respectively, both P < 0.0001) and @entity7 (-8.25%, P = 0.0005; -9.98%, P < 0.0001, respectively) compared with controls. There were no differences in any of the analytes in @entity1 randomized to the exercise arm compared with controls. Increasing @entity353 was statistically significantly associated with linear trends of greater reductions in @entity2289 , @entity32704 , and @entity7 . Weight loss is significantly associated with reduced circulating @entity7 , @entity32704 , and @entity2289 , and could provide incentive for reducing weight as a @entity5 prevention method in overweight and @entity28 individuals. @entity5 Res; 76(14); 1-10.   2016 AACR.

title: Dietary Weight Loss and Exercise Effects on Serum Biomarkers of Angiogenesis in Overweight Postmenopausal XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity32703 :: ('7422;5054', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity32704 :: ('5176', 'Gene') :: ['PEDF', 'pigment epithelium-derived factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Rome III diagnostic criteria separate @entity1 with idiopathic chronic @entity1142 into mutually exclusive categories of @entity1142 -predominant @entity1744 ( @entity5377 -C) or functional @entity1142 (FC). However, several experts think that these conditions are not different disorders, but parts of a continuum. To shed light on this issue, we examined studies that compared @entity5377 -C with FC with respect to symptoms, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment response. When the Rome III requirement that @entity1 meeting criteria for @entity5377 cannot also be given a diagnosis of FC is suspended, most @entity1 meet criteria for both, and, contrary to expectation, @entity5377 -C @entity1 have more symptoms of @entity1142 than @entity1 with FC. No symptoms reliably separate @entity5377 -C from FC. Physiologic tests are not reliably associated with diagnosis, but @entity3825 tends to be more strongly associated with @entity5377 -C than with FC, and delayed colonic transit tends to be more common in FC. Although some treatments are effective for both @entity5377 -C and FC, such as prosecretory agents, other treatments are specific to @entity5377 -C (eg, antidepressants, antispasmodics, @entity73 therapy) or FC (eg, @entity17627 , biofeedback). Future studies should permit @entity5377 -C and FC diagnoses to overlap. Physiologic tests comparing these disorders should include @entity3825 sensitivity, colonic transit time, time to evacuate a water-filled balloon, and anal pressures or electromyographic activity from the anal canal. To date, differential responses to treatment provide the strongest evidence that @entity5377 -C and FC may be different disorders, rather than parts of a spectrum.

title: Chronic XXXX : Separate and Distinct Disorders or a Spectrum of Disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive behavior']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain hypersensitivity', 'visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity17627 :: ('MESH:C406662', 'Chemical') :: ['prucalopride']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['Constipation and Constipation-Predominant IBS']


abstract: We aimed to retrospectively investigate the clinical presentation and outcome of surgical intervention of @entity1 with @entity4097 ( @entity4097 ), and to assess the predictors of surgical outcome. A total of 109 @entity1 with @entity4097 (57 males and 52 females) (130 admissions; mean age, 45.9 years; range, 14-89 years) underwent surgery between 1 January 1994 and 30 June 2009 at The Royal Melbourne Hospital. Ninety per cent of @entity5 were classified as low grade. @entity158 was the most common symptom at presentation (60%) and the mean duration of symptoms was 37.8 weeks (0-4 years). Total resection was achieved in 72.3% of @entity1 with @entity4097 . An extramedullary location was the strongest predictor of greater extent of @entity5 resection (odds ratio [OR]=4.367, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.876-10.204, p=0.001), whereas a rostral location was also a significant predictor of greater resection (OR=1.393, 95% CI=1.014-1.908, p=0.040). The surgical mortality rate was 0.92%. A good pre-operative clinical grade was the strongest predictor of a positive post-operative neurological status at discharge for @entity4097 (OR=7.382, 95% CI=4.575-11.912, p<0.001). The mean follow-up was 37.9 months (16 days-165 months). A good post-operative clinical grade was the most significant predictor of a positive neurological outcome at short-term follow-up (OR=9.953, 95% CI=4.941-20.051, p<0.001), while a good pre-morbid clinical grade was the most significant predictor of a positive outcome at long-term follow-up (OR=9.498, 95% CI=2.780-32.451, p<0.001). We concluded that surgical outcome was influenced by pre-morbid, pre-operative and post-operative clinical grades, the extent of resection, @entity5 grade and @entity5 location with respect to the spinal parenchyma. Surgical intervention has a high success rate for @entity5 control and we recommend total resection where possible.

title: Clinical presentation and outcome of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['IDSCT', 'intradural spinal cord tumours']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['intradural spinal cord tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The background of this study is to introduce the surgical technique and outcomes of a novel membrane-tube (MT) @entity726 shunt device (MicroMT), which was developed to achieve safer and more predictable @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) control compared with conventional trabeculectomy. DESIGN: This is a retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series study. @entity1 : The MicroMT was implanted in 43 @entity735 with insufficient @entity2790 control despite medical treatment. METHODS: The MicroMT consists of an expanded @entity736 membrane and a silicone tube with an intraluminal stent, which allows aqueous drainage from the anterior chamber to the lamellar scleral flap. The intraluminal stent prevents @entity5173 and allows additional @entity2790 reduction through retraction or removal of the stent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures of this study are @entity2790 changes and complications. RESULTS: The mean (SD) @entity2790 decreased from a preoperative value of 22.5 (6.9) mmHg to 11.1 (3.6) mmHg 3   years after the operation (50.7% reduction from baseline; P   <   0.01). Intraluminal stent removal 4   weeks after the operation induced an additional 40.2% @entity2790 reduction (P   <   0.01). When success was defined as an @entity2790 between 6 and 21   mmHg, and an @entity2790 reduction of >= 20% from baseline, the success rate was 89.5% at 3   years after the operation. No postoperative @entity8814 ( @entity2790 <6   mmHg) or tube-related complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: MicroMT implantation is a novel therapy that may reduce @entity2790 safely and effectively, with no apparent risk of postoperative @entity8814 . @entity726 surgery using this device may be a good alternative to conventional @entity726 surgery.

title: Novel membrane-tube XXXX shunt device for @entity726 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma', 'type glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity8814 :: ('MESH:D015814', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypotony']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular pressure', 'IOP']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['excessive aqueous drainage']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['type glaucoma']


abstract: Between March 1984 and July 1988, 1,158 @entity1 with Dukes' A, B, and C @entity694 were entered into National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol C-02. @entity1 were randomized to either no further treatment following curative resection or to postoperative @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and heparin administered via the portal vein. Therapy began on day of operation and consisted of constant infusion for 7 successive day. Average time on study was 41.8 months. A comparison between the two groups of @entity1 indicated both an improvement in disease-free survival (74% v 64% at 4 years, overall P = .02) and a survival advantage (81% v 73% at 4 years, overall P = .07) in favor of the chemotherapy-treated group. When compared with the treated group, @entity1 who received no further treatment had 1.26 times the risk of developing a treatment failure and 1.25 times the likelihood of dying after 4 years. Particularly significant was the failure to demonstrate an advantage from @entity1487 in decreasing the incidence of hepatic metastases. The liver was the first site of treatment failure in 32.9% of 82 @entity1 with documented recurrences in the control group and in 46.3% of 67 @entity1 who received additional treatment. Therapy is administered via a regional route to affect the incidence of recurrence within the perfused anatomic boundary. Since, in this study, adjuvant portal-vein @entity1487 infusion failed to reduce the incidence of hepatic metastases, it may be concluded that its use thus far is not justified. It may also be speculated that the disease-free survival and survival advantages (the latter of borderline significance) are a result of the systemic effects of @entity1487 .

title: Adjuvant therapy of Dukes' A, B, and C @entity694 with portal-vein XXXX hepatic infusion: preliminary results of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol C-02.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: @entity884 ( @entity884 ) is a serious, life-threatening disease with highly variable clinical signs, making its diagnostic a real challenge. A diagnosis is readily made if blood cultures are positive, but in 2.5 to 31% of all @entity884 cases, routine blood cultures are negative. In such situations, alternative diagnostic approaches are necessary. @entity4003 and @entity30867 spp. are the etiological agents of blood @entity884 (BCNE) most frequently identified by serology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usefulness of molecular assays, as complementary methods to the conventional serologic methods for the rapid confirmatory diagnostic of @entity4002 in @entity1 with BCNE. Currently, detection of @entity4003 by culture or an antiphase I IgG antibody titers >800 represents a major Duke criterion for defining @entity884 , while a titers of >800 for IgG antibodies to either @entity2711 or @entity30867 is used for the diagnosis of @entity884 due to @entity30867 spp. We used indirect immunofluorescence assays for the detection of IgG titers for @entity4003 , @entity2711 and @entity30867 in 57 serum samples from @entity1 with clinical suspicion of @entity884 . Thirty three samples originated from BCNE @entity1 , whereas 24 were tested before obtaining the blood cultures results, which finally were positive. The results of serologic testing showed that nine out of 33 BCNE cases exhibited antiphase I C. burnetii IgG antibody titer >800, whereas none has IgG for @entity2711 or @entity30867 . Subsequently, we used nested-PCR assay for the amplification of @entity4003 DNA in the nine positive serum samples, and we obtained positive PCR results for all analyzed cases. Afterwards we used the DNA sequencing of amplicons for the repetitive element associated to htpAB gene to confirm the results of nested-PCR. The results of sequencing allowed us to confirm that @entity4003 is the causative microorganism responsible for BCNE. In conclusion, the nested PCR amplification followed by direct sequencing is a reliable and accurate method when applied to serum samples, and it may be used as an additional test to the serological methods for the confirmatory diagnosis of BCNE cases determined by @entity4003 .

title: XXXX in Romania: the first cases confirmed by direct sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['Q fever endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['C. burnetii', 'Coxiella burnetii']

entities_list: @entity30867 :: ('803', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella', 'B. quintana']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['culture-negative endocarditis', 'IE', 'Infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['Q fever endocarditis']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the endometrial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity310 ) along with @entity2939 and @entity5750 in normal and endometritic buffaloes. The genitalia were collected in the abattoir and divided into three groups as normal (gr. I=12), clinical @entity7288 (CE, gr. II=12) based on positive color reaction to white side test of uterine discharge and sub-clinical @entity7288 (SCE, gr. III=12) based on endometrial cytology (presence of >= 5% PMNs) and histopathology. The equal numbers of genitalia were grouped into follicular and luteal stage in each group. Endometrial tissue scrapings were used for total RNA extraction and cDNA was transcribed and amplified by Real time PCR. The results showed several fold higher expression of all cytokine transcripts in CE (gr. II), whereas significant up-regulation of @entity5750 (1 to 2-fold), @entity650 (15 to 36-fold), @entity687 (8 to 14-fold) and @entity310 (10 to 11-fold) mRNA was observed in SCE. This indicates that the evaluation of expression patterns of certain cytokines gene holds promise to diagnose the severity and @entity32 .

title: Differential expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in endometrial tissue of buffaloes with clinical and sub-clinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['degree of uterine inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

answer: @entity7288 :: (MESH:D004716,Disease) :: ['endometritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) have been used in various endovascular procedures and carotid endarterectomy, but to our knowledge no literature deals exclusively with the utility of SSEP in carotid artery stenting (CAS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of SSEP in detecting cerebral @entity63 events during CAS. We conducted a prospective study in 35 CAS procedures in 31 @entity1 during an 18month period. Thirty-three @entity1 without near occlusion underwent stenting using dual protection (simultaneous flow reversal and distal filter) combined with blood aspiration, while two @entity1 with near occlusion underwent stenting without dual protection. All 35 @entity1 underwent SSEP monitoring. SSEP were generated by stimulating median and/or tibial nerves and recorded by scalp electrodes. During the aspiration phase post-dilation, seven @entity1 (20%) exhibited SSEP changes with a mean duration of 11.3  8.5minutes (range: 3-25minutes), three of whom later developed minor @entity64 /transient @entity63 attack. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed new lesions in 10 @entity1 (28.6%). Change in SSEP exhibited mean sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 0.29-1.0) and specificity of 88% (95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.96) in predicting clinical @entity64 post-CAS. Intra-procedural SSEP change was predictive of post-procedural complications (p=0.005, @entity16043 's exact test). Longer span of SSEP change was positively correlated with complications (p=0.032, Mann-Whitney test). Intra-procedural SSEP changes are highly sensitive in predicting neurological outcome following CAS. Chances of complications are increased with prolongation of such changes. SSEP allows for prompt intra-procedural @entity63 prevention measures and stratification to pursue an aggressive peri-procedural protocol for high risk @entity1 to mitigate @entity51 .

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials in carotid artery stenting: Effectiveness in ascertaining cerebral XXXX events.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: @entity1238 tadpoles can regenerate tail, including spinal cord, after partial amputation, but lose this ability during a specific period around stage 45. They regain this ability after stage 45. What happens during this "refractory period" might hold the key to spinal cord regeneration. We hypothesize that electric currents at amputated @entity9 play significant roles in tail regeneration. We measured electric current at tail @entity9 following amputation at different developmental stages. Amputation induced large outward currents leaving the stump. In regenerating @entity9 of stage 40 tadpoles, a remarkable reversal of the current direction occurred around 12-24 h post-amputation, while non-regenerating @entity9 of stage 45 tadpole maintained outward currents. This reversal of electric current at tail @entity9 correlates with whether tails regenerate or not (regenerating stage 40-inward current; non-regenerating stage 45-outward current). Reduction of tail stump current using @entity1372 -free solution decreased the rate of regeneration and percentage regeneration. Fin punch wounds healed normally at stages 45 and 48, and in @entity1372 -free solution, suggesting that the absence of tail re-growth at stage 45 is regeneration-specific rather than a general inhibition of wound healing. These data suggest that electric signals might be one of the key players regulating regeneration.

title: Electric currents in XXXX tadpole tail regeneration.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['stumps']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) in @entity355 is a Food and Drug Administration-approved alternative to esophagectomy. Critical information regarding overall survival of @entity1 followed up long-term after these therapies is lacking. Our aim was to compare the long-term survival of @entity1 treated with PDT with @entity1 treated with esophagectomy. METHODS: We reviewed records of @entity1 with @entity1893 seen at our institution between 1994 and 2004. PDT was performed 48 hours following the intravenous administration of a photosensitizer using light at 630 nm. Esophagectomy was performed by either transhiatal or transthoracic approaches by experienced surgeons. We excluded all @entity1 with evidence of @entity5 on biopsy specimens. Vital status and death date information was queried using an institutionally approved Internet research and location service. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards ratios. RESULTS: A total of 199 @entity1 were identified. A total of 129 @entity1 (65%) were treated with PDT and 70 (35%) with esophagectomy. Overall mortality in the PDT group was 9% (11/129) and in the surgery group was 8.5% (6/70) over a median follow-up period of 59 +/- 2.7 months for the PDT group and 61 +/- 5.8 months for the surgery group. Overall survival was similar between the 2 groups (Wilcoxon test = 0.0924; P = .76). Treatment modality was not a significant predictor of mortality on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Overall mortality and long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity1893 treated with PDT appears to be comparable to that of @entity1 treated with esophagectomy.

title: Long-term survival following endoscopic and surgical treatment of XXXX in @entity355 .

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['high-grade dysplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the predictive value of whole-body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the occurrence of cardiac and cerebrovascular events in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the institutional review board. Informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 before enrollment into the study. The authors followed up 65 @entity1 with @entity6 (types 1 and 2) who underwent a comprehensive, contrast material-enhanced whole-body MR imaging protocol, including brain, cardiac, and vascular sequences at baseline. Follow-up was performed by phone interview. The primary endpoint was a major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE), which was defined as composite @entity204 , @entity583 , cerebrovascular event, or revascularization. MR images were assessed for the presence of @entity62 , and myocardial changes. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine associations. RESULTS: Follow-up was completed in 61 @entity1 (94%; median age, 67.5 years; 30 @entity1 [49%]; median follow-up, 70 months); 14 of the 61 @entity1 (23%) experienced MACCE. Although normal whole-body MR imaging excluded MACCE during the follow-up period (0%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0%, 17%), any detectable @entity63 and/or atherosclerotic changes at whole-body MR imaging (prevalence, 66%) conferred a cumulative event rate of 20% at 3 years and 35% at 6 years. Whole-body MR imaging summary estimate of disease was strongly predictive for MACCE (one increment of vessel score and each territory with atherosclerotic changes: hazard ratio, 13.2 [95% CI: 4.5, 40.1] and 3.9 [95% CI: 2.2, 7.5], respectively), also beyond clinical characteristics as well as individual cardiac or cerebrovascular MR findings. CONCLUSION: These initial data indicate that disease burden as assessed with whole-body MR imaging confers strong prognostic information in @entity1 with @entity6 . Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: XXXX : long-term prognostic value of whole-body MR imaging for the occurrence of cardiac and cerebrovascular events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['systemic atherosclerotic vessel changes, white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac-cerebrovascular death']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Chronic @entity294 is the passage of loose stools >3 times daily, or a stool weight >200 g/d, persisting for >4 weeks without clear clinical cause. @entity1 refractory to standard anti-diarrhetics have limited treatment options. @entity1943 analogues have the ability to reduce gastrointestinal secretions and motility. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lanreotide Autogel(*) 120 mg in chronic @entity294 . METHODS: Other anti-diarrhetics were not allowed during the study and were stopped at screening. @entity1 received lanreotide Autogel 120 mg at baseline and day 28. Stool frequency and consistency (Bristol Stool Scale) were recorded; quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey and @entity1744 QoL questionnaires; adverse events were monitored. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 with a reduction of >= 50% or normalization to a mean of  <=3 stools/d at day 28. FINDINGS: Thirty-three @entity1 with >3 stools/d at baseline were included; mean (SD) age was 55.2 (16.4) years. Fourteen @entity1 (42.4%) had a response to lanreotide Autogel at day 28 and 17 (51.5%) at day 56. Mean (SD) number of stools decreased significantly from 5.7 (2.2) at baseline to 3.7 (2.2) at day 56 overall (n = 32; P < 0.001). Significant and clinically meaningful improvements in disease-specific QoL were found in the overall populations. No new safety signals emerged. IMPLICATIONS: Lanreotide Autogel 120 mg decreased symptoms in these @entity1 with @entity294 , and meaningfully improved QoL. These finding have to be confirmed in further clinical trials. ClinicalTrials.gov Identification: NCT00891371; Eudract CT 2009-009356-20.

title: Lanreotide Autogel in the Treatment of Idiopathic Refractory XXXX : Results of an Exploratory, Controlled, Before and After, Open-label, Multicenter, Prospective Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic diarrhea', 'chronic idiopathic refractory diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['Diarrhea']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the outcome of @entity1 treated by surgical excision followed by plaque brachytherapy for primary or recurrent ocular surface @entity5 with evidence of deep margin (corneoscleral) invasion. METHODS: Retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series. Eleven consecutive @entity1 presenting with biopsy-proven scleral and/or corneal stromal involvement from either @entity320 ( @entity320 ) or @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the conjunctiva were reviewed. RESULTS: Five @entity1 had @entity320 (pT3 N0 M0 [n = 3], pT4 N0 M0 [n = 2]) and six @entity1 had @entity957 (T3 N0 M0 [n = 6]). Mean age was 60.8 years and male:female (3:8). Mean follow up was 23.4 months (range 12-36 months). All @entity1 were treated with @entity1496 -125 plaque following biopsy-proven @entity3 on histopathology. The treatment dose was 100 Gy to a depth of 1.5-2.5 mm. OUTCOMES: Median visual acuity and intraocular pressure were unchanged after surgery. Five @entity1 experienced corneal ulceration in the immediate postoperative period. None experienced recurrence at the treatment site. One @entity957 @entity1 and two @entity320 @entity1 experienced new lesions distant from the treatment site. No sight-threatening complications were observed. No @entity1 developed distant metastases. CONCLUSION: Plaque brachytherapy is an effective and well-tolerated modality for the management of @entity1 with ocular surface malignancy with evidence of localized @entity3 .

title: Plaque brachytherapy for the management of ocular surface XXXX with @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['corneoscleral invasion']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'conjunctival melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) is accompanied by a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. We investigated the predictive value of severity of @entity8 , as evaluated by pathologic examination, for long-term outcome of atypical @entity1381 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Kidney biopsies of 29 @entity1 diagnosed with atypical @entity1381 between 1992 and 2005 were reviewed. The severity of glomerular, vascular (arteriolar and arterial), interstitial, and tubular involvement were determined. Scores of @entity8 were determined by re-evaluating kidney specimens. The outcome measures were @entity204 , @entity740 ( @entity740 ), @entity101 , and @entity644 . RESULTS: After a mean of 3.7 years of follow-up, 24.1% of the @entity1 had normal kidney function and blood pressure, 24.1% showed @entity644 , and 41.4% had @entity740 , and 10.3% had unknown prognosis. Overall, 24.1% of the @entity1 died due to emergent @entity101 with or without @entity740 . The existence of arteriolar and arterial @entity715 attributed to severe @entity740 (risk ratio, 3.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.63 to 8.2). Presence of @entity715 in the vessels, and thickening of the arterial medial and intimal layers had brought about a significantly higher mortality rate. @entity740 was more frequent in the @entity1 with vascular scores higher than 0.14 and a final score of more than 0.2. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of renal pathological involvement, especially the degree of @entity1504 , is a good predictor of long-term outcome of @entity1 with atypical @entity1381 .

title: Prognostic value of renal pathological findings in XXXX with atypical @entity1381 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal involvement']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Four diets containing 15% CP were formulated to study the effects of dietary @entity1735 and protein sources on N metabolism and @entity1735 fermentation by ruminal bacteria. Diets were supplied to eight dual-flow continuous culture fermenters during three experimental periods in a randomized complete block design. Six replications were obtained for each diet. Treatments were arranged as a 2 X 2 factorial with two @entity1735 and two protein sources. @entity1735 sources were @entity4336 and @entity2247 and protein sources were @entity1460 meal (SBM) and fish meal (FM). Approximately 40% of the dietary CP was derived from SBM or FM and @entity4336 or @entity2247 provided 39% of dietary @entity3918 . All diets contained 15% grass hay, 20% @entity3505 straw, and 10.1 to 15.3% solka floc ( @entity3918 basis). Interactions (P less than .05) were observed between dietary @entity1735 and protein sources, resulting in a @entity308 of VFA production (moles/day) and digestion (percentage) of ADF and cellulose when the @entity4336 -FM diet was fed. True OM digestion (percentage) was higher (P less than .05) for SBM than for FM diets and for @entity4336 than for @entity2247 diets. Although dietary CP degradation (percentage) was higher (P less than .05) for SBM than for FM diets, non-NH3 N in the effluent (grams/day) was not different among diets due to a greater (P less than .05) bacterial N flow for SBM than for FM diets. Despite the lower @entity535 (AA) intake (P less than .05) for @entity4336 than for @entity2247 diets and also for FM than for SBM diets, flows (grams/day) of total AA, essential AA (EAA), and nonessential AA (NEAA) were similar (P greater than .05) among diets. However, greater (P less than .05) total AA, EAA, and NEAA flows (percentage of @entity7245 ) were found for @entity4336 than for @entity2247 diets and for FM than for SBM diets. It is concluded, therefore, that ruminal escape protein derived from @entity4336 or FM has a significant effect on manipulating AA leaving the ruminal fermentation.

title: Influence of dietary protein and XXXX sources on nitrogen metabolism and @entity1735 fermentation by ruminal microbes in continuous culture.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: @entity706 and @entity1074 of nodal, extra-nodal and splenic types account for 10% of @entity1893 . They are similar at the cell differentiation level, sometimes making difficult to distinguish them from other indolent @entity1893 . To better characterize their genetic basis, we performed array-based comparative genomic hybridization in 101 @entity1074 (46 @entity1074 , 35 splenic and 20 nodal @entity1074 ) and 13 @entity706 . Overall, 90% exhibited copy-number abnormalities. @entity706 demonstrated the most complex karyotype (median=7 copy-number abnormalities), followed by @entity1074 (4), nodal (3.5) and @entity1074 (3). A comparative analysis exposed a group of copy-number abnormalities shared by several or all the entities with few disease-specific abnormalities. Gain of chromosomes 3, 12 and 18 and loss of 6q23-q24 ( @entity4639 ) were identified in all entities. Losses of 13q14.3 ( @entity8918 - @entity8917 ) and 17p13.3-p12 ( @entity876 ) were found in lymphoplasmacytic and @entity1074 ; loss of 11q21-q22 (ATM) was found in nodal, splenic marginal zone and @entity706 and loss of 7q32.1-q33 was found in @entity1074 , @entity706 . Abnormalities affecting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway were observed in 70% of @entity1074 and @entity706 and 30% of splenic and nodal @entity1074 , suggesting distinct roles of this pathway in the pathogenesis/progression of these subtypes. Elucidation of the genetic alterations contributing to the pathogenesis of these @entity706 may guide to design-specific therapeutic approaches.

title: Genomic analysis of marginal zone and XXXX identified common and disease-specific abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas', 'Lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas', 'splenic and lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['marginal zone lymphomas', 'splenic marginal zone lymphomas', 'MALT']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positive patch test reactions to @entity7227 ( @entity10155 ) are common. @entity10155 is used in oxidative hair dyes and is also present in dark henna temporary 'tattoos'. Cross-sensitization to other contact allergens may occur. Because subjects sensitized to @entity10155 are at risk of clinically severe reactions upon hair dyeing, there is a need for 'current' prevalence data on @entity10155 sensitization. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity10155 patch test results from @entity1909 @entity1 tested between 2003 and 2007 in 10 European patch test centres and to analyse the causes and determine relevance of positive @entity10155 patch test reactions. MATERIALS: Patch testing was performed using @entity10155 (1% free base in petrolatum from Trolab (Almirall Hermal GmbH, Reinbeck, Germany) or Chemotechnique (Malm  , Sweden), equivalent to 0.090 mg/cm(2) in the TRUE test from MEKOS Laboratories AS). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: The weighted average prevalence was 4.6% among 21 515 @entity1 . @entity10155 sensitization occurred more often in centres located in Central and Southern Europe than in Scandinavian centres (odds ratio = 2.40; 95% confidence interval = 2.07-2.78). The overall proportion of positive patch test reactions to @entity10155 that were registered as being of either current or 'past' relevance was high (weighted average 53.6% and 20.3%, respectively). Consumer hair dyeing was the most prominent cause of @entity10155 sensitization (weighted average 41.8%). Furthermore, occupational hair dye exposure (10.6%) and cross-sensitization to textile dyes (12.6%) were frequently reported. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10155 sensitization caused by exposure to hair dyes is frequent and remains a present problem for @entity1 visiting @entity5526 clinics, especially in patch test centres located in Central and Southern Europe.

title: XXXX sensitization is more prevalent in central and southern European patch test centres than in Scandinavian: results from a multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['p-phenylenediamine']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity7227 :: (MESH:C029728,Chemical) :: ['p-Phenylenediamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-tube decompression has achieved a 75% to 80% success rate in 5 studies, and the short tube had a 40% success rate in 3 studies. METHODS: From 1984 to 1991, an endoscope-advanced long intestinal tube was placed into the jejunum in 17 @entity1 , and from 1992 to 2004 an improved long tube was used in 23 @entity1 . Costs were calculated for each type of procedure. RESULTS: In the first group, decompression was successful in 12 of 17 @entity1 (70%). In the second group, decompression was successful in 21 of 23 @entity1 (90%). The average charges were as follows: for the short tube the average charge was 21,687 dollars, and for the long tube the average charge was 11,316 dollars. CONCLUSIONS: First, by using the improved long tube, which was advanced endoscopically into the jejunum, the success rate was 90% with procedures that are standard in every hospital. Second, most @entity1 who fail the short-tube procedure are candidates for the long tube. Third, the improved long tube, endoscopically advanced into the jejunum, is recommended strongly because it provides significant advantages, both clinically and economically, over the short-tube approach. A prospective randomized study comparing the short tube for 3 days versus the long tube for 3 days is recommended to prove the superiority of the long tube in @entity1 with @entity1744 .

title: Rapid resolution of XXXX with the long tube, endoscopically advanced into the jejunum.

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['small-bowel obstruction']


abstract: The existence of a secretory immune system in the female genital tract has been demonstrated by the predominance of immunoglobulin (Ig)A-producing plasma cells in @entity1 fallopian tube, uterine cervix, and vagina. Epithelium lining fallopian tubes expresses a receptor for IgA, secretory component (SC), and thus resembles other secretory tissues such as intestine, mammary, lacrimal, and salivary glands. The present study extends the characterization of the local immune system in the fallopian tube and assesses its response to infection. We examined normal and @entity5274 from surgical specimens, obtained at tubal ligation and abdominal hysterectomy, for the presence of Ig-producing cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. All tubular segments contained a predominance of IgA plasma cells in the subepithelial lamina propria. The epithelial cells were strongly positive for SC. Luminal contents stained positively for IgA, SC, and J chain, suggesting that this material contained secretory IgA. Submucosal plasma cells of IgM and IgG classes were less frequent than IgA. T cells were present in numbers approximately twofold greater than plasma cells in normal fallopian tubes. T-suppressor (CD8+) cells, which may function in the induction of immune tolerance, were present in the intraepithelial spaces. Infected segments of fallopian tubes demonstrated six- to tenfold increased numbers of plasma cells of all classes. These data suggest that a local immune system is functioning in the @entity1 fallopian tube and may provide a first line of defense against @entity281 and the prevention of @entity249 .

title: Secretory immune system of the female reproductive tract. II. Local immune system in normal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['infected fallopian tubes']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['tubal factor infertility']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['tubal infection']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['infected fallopian tube']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cranberries have been used for prevention and treatment of @entity293 for decades. The berries contain @entity16377 that may reduce the susceptibility to infection by preventing bacteria from attaching to uroepithelial cells. Several clinical trials have been published during recent years. This article reviews documentation of cranberries on clinical effect, adverse events, drug interactions and use during pregnancy and lactation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical effects of cranberries have been assessed based on the Cochrane review from January 2007 and literature on clinical trials retrieved from a systematic search of PubMed and Embase (from 1 January 2007 to 29 October 2008) with the search terms "cranberry", "Vaccinium macrocarpon", "Vaccinium oxycoccus". RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: Some evidence exists on cranberries' preventive effect on recurrent symptomatic @entity293 in @entity1 . The evidence is inconclusive for @entity1 , @entity1 and older @entity1 (both @entity1 and @entity1 ). Studies of @entity1 with @entity1973 are contradictory. Most of the clinical trials published have several flaws and have not used standardised products. More evidence is needed to determine the optimum dosage, method of administration and the minimum length of treatment. Cranberries should not be used during pregnancy and lactation due to lack of safety data. Further, properly designed studies with standardised products and relevant outcomes are needed.

title: [Cranberries for prevention of recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic bladder']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The treatment of geriatric @entity308 is complicated by a variable and delayed response to antidepressant treatment. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that @entity1949 and @entity903 treatment would produce a persistent reduction in @entity413 metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex similar to that reported after long-term antidepressant treatment. METHOD: Six elderly @entity308 @entity1 who met the DSM-IV criteria for major @entity308 and six age-matched comparison subjects underwent serial positron emission tomography (PET) studies at baseline, after @entity1949 , after recovery sleep (after the initial @entity903 dose), and after 2 weeks of @entity903 treatment ( @entity1 only). The PET data were analyzed by using statistical parametric mapping methods. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' scores on a 13-item version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were decreased after @entity1949 , after recovery sleep, and after 2 weeks of treatment. The Hamilton @entity308 scores of the comparison subjects were not significantly altered. In the @entity1 , the greatest reductions in normalized, relative @entity413 metabolism after sleep deprivation were observed in the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann area 24), and they persisted after recovery sleep and antidepressant treatment. The comparison subjects demonstrated increased metabolism in these areas. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in the @entity1 ' @entity308 was accompanied by reduced @entity413 metabolism in the right anterior cingulate cortex and right medial frontal cortex. These preliminary data indicate that in elderly @entity308 @entity1 , @entity1949 may accelerate the clinical and @entity413 metabolic response to antidepressant treatment.

title: Cerebral @entity413 metabolic response to XXXX and antidepressant treatment in geriatric @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['combined total sleep deprivation', 'total sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['combined total sleep deprivation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of a single dose of pegfilgrastim to daily filgrastim in @entity1 and young adults with @entity242 treated with dose-intensive combination chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 were randomized to receive a single dose of 100 mcg/kg of pegfilgrastim s.c. or 5 mcg/kg/day of filgrastim s.c., daily until neutrophil recovery after two treatment cycles with @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity786 (VDC) and two cycles of @entity2879 and @entity1260 (IE). The duration of severe @entity1398 (absolute neutrophil count, < or =500/mcL) during cycles 1 to 4 and cycle duration for all cycles were compared. Pharmacokinetics of pegfilgrastim and filgrastim and @entity2280 + stem cell mobilization were studied on cycle 1. Growth factor-related @entity137 , transfusions, and episodes of @entity221 and @entity1398 and @entity281 were collected for cycles 1 to 4. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 (median age, 20 years; range 3.8-25.8) were enrolled, and 32 completed cycles 1 to 4. The median (range) duration of absolute neutrophil count of <500/mcL was 5.5 (3-8) days for pegfilgrastim and 6 (0-9) days for filgrastim (P = 0.76) after VDC, and 1.5 (0-4) days for pegfilgrastim and 3.75 (0-6.5) days for filgrastim (P = 0.11) after IE. More episodes of @entity1398 and documented @entity281 occurred on the filgrastim arm. Serum pegfilgrastim concentrations were highly variable. Pegfilgrastim apparent clearance (11 mL/h/kg) was similar to that reported in adults. CONCLUSION: A single dose per cycle of pegfilgrastim was well tolerated and may be as effective as daily filgrastim based on the duration of severe @entity1398 and number of episodes of @entity1398 and documented @entity281 after dose-intensive treatment with VDC and IE.

title: Randomized trial and pharmacokinetic study of pegfilgrastim versus filgrastim after dose-intensive chemotherapy in young adults and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: Although an abundance of short-term clinical trials has evaluated the use of @entity4688 in @entity712 ( @entity712 ), there has been a paucity of data regarding the long-term effects of this angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Moreover, a question has arisen as to whether a once- or twice-daily dosing schedule is preferable. To address these issues, a multicenter trial was conducted with the objective of obtaining long-term (48 weeks) experience with @entity4688 in 142 @entity1 with @entity712 . A subgroup of @entity1 (n = 88) were randomized to receive @entity4688 in a dosing schedule of either 20 mg once daily or 10 mg twice daily. Of the overall group, 96 @entity1 completed the 48 weeks of follow-up. Improvement in New York Heart Association functional class, exercise duration and left ventricular ejection fraction was observed. Improvement in clinical status was seen in 68% of all @entity1 , whereas conditions in 5% worsened with @entity4688 therapy. The most frequent adverse experiences were @entity1296 and @entity551 . There were no obvious differences between the effects of the once- and twice-daily dosing regimens, with doses of 20 mg/day and 2.5 to 15 mg/day being given to about 70 and 30% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity4688 appears to provide well-tolerated and effective long-term therapy for @entity712 .

title: Long-term effects of a once-a-day versus twice-a-day regimen of XXXX for @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['enalapril']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the aortic arch in @entity1 with complex @entity1498 or interruption continues to be a challenge because of early left main  bronchial compression or recoarctation and late Gothic arch formation. We propose a modified arch reconstruction technique augmenting the lesser curvature with an autologous vascular patch, which can relieve @entity2701 on the @entity254 without a prosthetic material. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 33 @entity1 with @entity1498 and arch @entity509 (n  = 31) or arch interruption (n  = 2) who underwent arch reconstruction with an autologous vascular patch from 2007 to 2012. Median age at the operation was 17 days (range, 5 to 200 days). Median body weight was 3.7 kg (range, 2.3 to 7.0 kg). Cardiopulmonary bypass was used for all operations. Median antegrade selective cerebral perfusion time was 35 minutes (range, 23 to 59 minutes). @entity154 in 29 @entity1 (88%) were corrected simultaneously. The reconstructed arch was supplemented in the lesser curvature with an autologous vascular patch that was harvested from aortic isthmus (n  = 25), pulmonary artery (n  = 4), left subclavian artery (n  =  2), @entity5216 (n  = 1), or distal arch (n  = 1). RESULTS: One @entity1 (3%) died of acute @entity649 . All survivors were discharged at 15  days (range, 7 to 58 days) postoperatively without @entity16 or @entity2488 . Median follow-up was 24.8 months (range, 0.2 to 48.5 months). No recoarctation was observed during follow-up, and no @entity1 needed reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Augmenting the lesser curvature with an autologous vascular patch during arch reconstruction resulted in excellent midterm outcomes. Not only can a more natural shape of arch and less @entity2701 on the @entity254 be obtained, but complications, such as left main @entity2488 or recoarctation, can also be minimized. Long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate late development of recoarctation, @entity101 , or @entity439 formation.

title: Augmentation of the Lesser Curvature With an Autologous Vascular Patch in Complex XXXX and Interruption.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Combined intracardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial obstructions', 'bronchial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant right subclavian artery']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['Aortic Coarctation']


abstract: Saliva contains a number of biochemical components which may be useful for diagnosis/monitoring of @entity209 , and as markers of @entity5 or @entity299 . Saliva collection is attractive as a non-invasive sampling method for @entity1 and elderly @entity1 . We present a method suitable for saliva collection from neonates. We have applied this technique for the determination of salivary @entity377 metabolites. Saliva was collected from 10 healthy neonates using washed @entity2708 swabs, and directly from 10 adults. Two methods for saliva extraction from oral swabs were evaluated. The analytes were then separated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry ( @entity15 / @entity15 ). The limits of detection for 14 @entity10043 / @entity7391 metabolites were variable, ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 M. Recovery of hydrophobic @entity10043 / @entity7391 metabolites from @entity2708 tips was consistently high using water/ @entity1626 extraction (92.7-111%) compared with water extraction alone. The concentrations of these metabolites were significantly higher in neonatal saliva than in adults. Preliminary ranges for @entity377 metabolites in neonatal and adult saliva are reported. @entity3625 and @entity3624 were grossly raised in neonates (49.3  25.4; 30.9  19.5 M respectively) compared to adults (4.3  3.3; 4.6  4.5 M); @entity2642 were also markedly raised in neonates. This study focuses on three essential details: contamination of oral swabs during manufacturing and how to overcome this; weighing swabs to accurately measure small saliva volumes; and methods for extracting saliva metabolites of interest from @entity2708 swabs. A method is described for determining @entity377 metabolites using HPLC with photodiode array or @entity15 / @entity15 . The advantages of utilising saliva are highlighted. @entity377 metabolites were not simply in equilibrium with plasma, but may be actively secreted into saliva, and this process is more active in neonates than adults.

title: Collection and determination of XXXX metabolites in neonatal and adult saliva by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['Hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide', 'Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent selective stimulation and ablation of galanin neurons in the preoptic area of the @entity2339 established their critical role in control of maternal behaviors. Here, we identified a group of galanin neurons in the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), and a distinct group in the medial preoptic area (MPA). Galanin neurons in @entity1347 but not the MPA co-expressed @entity398 . We used immunodetection of phosphorylated @entity27576 (pSTAT5), involved in @entity34858 signal transduction, to evaluate the effects of suckling-induced prolactin release and found that 76  % of galanin cells in @entity1347 , but only 12  % in MPA were prolactin responsive. Nerve terminals containing tuberoinfundibular peptide 39 ( @entity34859 ), a neuropeptide that mediates effects of suckling on maternal motivation, were abundant around galanin neurons in both preoptic regions. In the @entity1347 and MPA, 89 and 82  % of galanin neurons received close somatic appositions, with an average of 2.9 and 2.6 per cell, respectively. We observed perisomatic innervation of galanin neurons using correlated light and electron microscopy. The connection was excitatory based on the @entity3264 content of @entity34859 terminals demonstrated by post-embedding immunogold electron microscopy. Injection of the anterograde tracer @entity7506 into the @entity34859 -expressing posterior intralaminar complex of the thalamus (PIL) demonstrated that preoptic @entity34859 fibers originate in the PIL, which is activated by suckling. Thus, galanin neurons in the preoptic area of mother @entity35 are innervated by an excitatory neuronal pathway that conveys suckling-related information. In turn, they can be topographically and neurochemically divided into two distinct cell groups, of which only one is affected by prolactin.

title: Maternally involved galanin neurons in the preoptic area of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity7506 :: ('MESH:C076397', 'Chemical') :: ['biotinylated dextran amine']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACN', 'anterior commissural nucleus']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The @entity904 effect on symptoms of late @entity137 of @entity2514 in @entity35 of @entity35 strain during induction of the @entity27955 has been studied. Studies have been performed during 360 days, and examination were done in three months lasting intervals. Animals were divided into 3 groups: the first was treated with @entity2514 , the second with @entity2514 plus @entity904 , and the third corresponded to the control group. It has been stated that the long-term administration of @entity2514 caused the lowering of the @entity904 level in the serum and liver progressing according to the time of the drug use. The mean lowering of the @entity904 concentration for animals of the first group was 20.7% in the serum and 24.7% in the liver. Analogous results in the second group were 12.1% and 14.7%, respectively. Simultaneously activity of @entity224 dismutase measured in the kidney and heart muscle homogenates was significantly lowered in animals receiving @entity2514 solely. @entity904 administered together with @entity2514 caused an increase in the enzyme activity (about 30%) when compare with animals treated only with @entity2514 . The lowering of the @entity904 level and of dismutase activity caused beneficial conditions for increased lipid peroxidation measured by an increase in the malonic @entity264 concentration. The concentration of @entity1865 in kidneys of @entity35 treated solely with @entity2514 increased about twofold, and in the heart muscle about 3.5-fold. The supplementation of the diet with @entity904 in @entity35 treated solely with @entity2514 partially limited effects of enhanced free radical activity reflected in increased lipid peroxidation.

title: [ @entity904 level, @entity224 dismutase activity and the degree of lipid peroxidation in @entity35 with drug-induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity27955 :: ('MESH:C565687', 'Disease') :: ['collagenosis-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinol', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1865 :: ('CHEBI:566274', 'Chemical') :: ['malonic dialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

answer: @entity27955 :: (MESH:C565687,Disease) :: ['collagenosis']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of maintenance intravesical instillation therapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and @entity1259 for non-muscle invasive @entity150 . From April 1999 to March 2010, 27 eligible @entity1 were enrolled in this study. After receiving one cycle of @entity1259 (100 mg/100 ml) by intravesical instillation, all @entity1 received 6 weekly alternate intravesical instillation of BCG (80 mg/50 ml) and @entity1259 (50 mg/50 ml), followed by 10 monthly instillations. Among the 27 @entity1 , 19 were @entity1 and 8 were @entity1 , with a median age of 62.4 years (range, 37-78 years). @entity5 pathologic stage was pTa in 25 @entity1 , pT1 in 2 and there were no concomitant @entity189 in situ cases. Median follow-up was 37.1 months (range, 11-82 months). The 3- year recurrence-free and progression-free survival rates were 75.3% and 96.1%, respectively. Furthermore, a high completion rate of 81.5% was achieved in this study. Adverse events of grade 3 or higher occurred in 3 @entity1 (11.1%), 1 @entity1 had @entity2021 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . Maintenance intravesical instillation therapy with BCG and @entity1259 is a favorable therapeutic option for non-muscle invasive @entity150 . Given the safety and benefit profile found in this study, appropriate @entity1 selection is warranted in the future.

title: [Efficacy and safety of maintenance intravesical instillation therapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin and @entity1259 for non-muscle invasive XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: The high affinity receptor for IgE ( @entity220 ) plays an integral role in triggering @entity56 . The IgE-interactive site of @entity1 @entity220 has previously been broadly mapped to several large regions in the second extracellular domain (D2) of the @entity220 . In this study, the IgE binding site of @entity1 FcepsilonRIalpha has been further localized to subregions of D2, and key residues putatively involved in the interaction with IgE have been identified. Chimeric receptors generated between FcepsilonRIalpha and the functionally distinct but structurally homologous low affinity receptor for IgG (FcgammaRIIa) have been used to localize two IgE binding regions of FcepsilonRIalpha to @entity535 segments Tyr129-His134 and Lys154- @entity367 161. Both regions were capable of independently binding IgE upon placement into FcgammaRIIa. Molecular modeling of the three-dimensional structure of FcepsilonRIalpha-D2 has suggested that these binding regions correspond to the "exposed" C'-E and F-G loop regions at the membrane distal portion of the domain. A systematic site-directed mutagenesis strategy, whereby each residue in the Tyr129-His134 and Lys154- @entity367 161 regions of FcepsilonRIalpha was replaced with @entity493 , has identified key residues putatively involved in the interaction with IgE. Substitution of Tyr131, @entity367 132, @entity2596 155, and @entity2574 159 decreased the binding of IgE, whereas substitution of Trp130, Trp156, Tyr160, and @entity367 161 increased binding. In addition, mutagenesis of residues Trp113, @entity2596 115, and Tyr116 in the B-C loop region, which lies adjacent to the C'-E and F-G loops, has suggested Trp113 also contributes to IgE binding, since the substitution of this residue with @entity493 dramatically reduces binding. This information should prove valuable in the design of strategies to intervene in the FcepsilonRIalpha-IgE interaction for the possible treatment of @entity56 .

title: Fine structure analysis of interaction of XXXX with IgE.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions', 'IgE-mediated allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity220 :: ('2205', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-subunit (FcepsilonRIalpha)', 'FcepsilonRI']

answer: @entity220 :: (2205,Gene) :: ['FcepsilonRI']


abstract: BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Several host proteins play crucial roles in the @entity2858 replication cycle. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) exemplifies a large, multi-component host machinery that is required by @entity2858 for viral budding. ESCRT promotes the inward budding of vesicles from the membranes of late endosomes to generate multi-vesicular bodies. However, @entity2858 co-opts the ESCRT to enable outwards budding of virus particles from the plasma membrane, a phenomenon that is topologically similar to multi-vesicular body biogenesis. A role for ESCRTII in mRNA trafficking has been established in @entity238 in which the @entity34764 components, @entity34765 and @entity34766 , promote the localisation of the bicoid mRNA in the fertilised egg. This is achieved via specific interactions with the Staufen protein. In this work, we investigated a possible implication of @entity34764 in the @entity2858 replication cycle. RESULTS: Co-immunoprecipitation analyses and live cell tri-molecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that interactions between @entity9609 and Gag and another between @entity9609 and Staufen1 occur in @entity1 cells. We then depleted @entity9609 (the orthologue for @entity34765 ) by siRNA to target @entity34764 in @entity2858 expressing cells. This treatment disrupted @entity34764 function and leads to the degradation of the two other @entity34764 complex proteins, @entity14188 and @entity34767 , as well as the associated Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein. The depletion of @entity9609 led to dramatically reduced viral structural protein Gag and virus production levels, without any effect on viral RNA levels. On the contrary, the overexpression of @entity9609 led to a several-fold increase in virus production. Unexpec-tedly, siRNA-mediated depletion of @entity9609 led to a block to @entity2858 genomic RNA trafficking and resulted in the accumulation of genomic RNA in the nucleus and juxtanuclear domains. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide the first evidence that the Staufen1- @entity34764 interaction is evolutionarily conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes and reveal a novel role for @entity9609 in the control of @entity2858 RNA trafficking and gene expression.

title: XXXX 's involvement in @entity2858 genomic RNA trafficking and assembly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity34764 :: (35847(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['ESCRT-II']


abstract: QUESTION: The @entity143 -receptorantagonist memantin is neuroprotective in @entity2479 . Does this also apply to the @entity143 -receptorantagonist cerestat and the @entity2227 release inhibitor @entity10891 ? METHODS: In 50 @entity35 @entity63 was induced by elevating the IOP of one eye to 120 mmHg for 1 h. The drugs were injected before @entity63 because, according to our hypothesis, a neuroprotective effect would be most evident in prophylactic preischemia treatment. Ten @entity35 received 20 mg/kg/d @entity3393 s.c., 10 received 16.8 mg/kg/d cerestat s.c., 10 received 16 mg/kg/d @entity10891 i.p. and 20 @entity35 served as controls. Two weeks later, the @entity2806 was histologically quantified by counting the number of neurons in the ganglion cell layer of retinal whole-mounts stained with @entity10371 . RESULTS: In the @entity3393 group 47% of the neurons survived @entity63 , in the cerestat group 61%, and in the @entity10891 group 43%. In the control group the percentage was 28%. The differences from the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cerestat, @entity3393 and @entity10891 have a neuroprotective effect--reducing excitotoxic @entity528 . The relative drug potencies cannot be directly compared, because of differences in dosage and the route of administration.

title: [Neuroprotection in XXXX of the retina in an animal model].

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity10371 :: ('MESH:C028911', 'Chemical') :: ['cresyl violet']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['damage of retinal neurons']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']