abstract: Detailed investigations of 9 @entity1 with @entity14086 are presented. In all cases cutaneous lesions were controlled by @entity3761 alone or by @entity3761 and gluten free diet. Granular IgA deposits were found in 7 @entity1 , @entity7490 in one, and C3 component of complement in one. 3 @entity1 out of 8 tested, carried the specific HLA-B8 antigen. Despite an extensive investigation, no malabsorption was detected. Jejunal biopsies were performed in 8 cases. Jejunal villous flattening was observed in one @entity1 . It improved after a 2 months gluten free diet on subsequent jejunal biopsies. D. H. seems peculiar in France as compared with case reports from other countries: low prevalence of @entity1593 ; rare occurrence of the specific HLA-B8 antigen; incidence of D. H. seems to be low in France. It is noticeable that french incidence of @entity66 is low as well. This suggests a genetic difference in the investigated population (low prevalence of HLA-B8 antigen) and/or different alimentary habits, particularly a low dietary gluten amount.

title: [ XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['gluten sensitive enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity14086 :: ('MESH:D003874', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis herpetiformis']

entities_list: @entity7490 :: ('MESH:D062027', 'Disease') :: ['linear IgA deposits']

answer: @entity14086 :: (MESH:D003874,Disease) :: ['Dermatitis herpetiformis']


abstract: In order to assess the value of serum @entity1486 (PSA) levels in the monitoring of @entity1 with localized @entity263 undergoing radical radiation therapy, 146 previously untreated @entity1 were entered into this study. Sixty to 70 Gy were administered to the prostate over 8 to 9 weeks. Serum PSA levels were measured prior to radiotherapy, every 3 months during the first year and every 6 months thereafter. Median follow-up was 28 months. Pretreatment PSA values exceeded 10 ng/ml in 62% (91/146). Initial PSA values were correlated with @entity5 size and Gleason score. Six months after completion of radiation therapy, PSA levels decreased as compared to initial value in 88.3% of the @entity1 . It had fallen to 10 ng/ml or less in 54 (59%) out of the 91 @entity1 with initial abnormal PSA levels. @entity1 whose initial PSA exceeded 50 ng/ml attained levels of 10 ng/ml or less in only 19% of the cases (6/32). Only 3 of the 55 @entity1 (5.5%) with both initial and 6-month PSA values less than or equal to 10 ng/ml developed @entity3 . Out of the 91 @entity1 with initial PSA values over 10 ng/ml, 54 (59.6%) had a 6-month PSA level of 10 ng/ml or less, and only 4/54 (7.4%) relapsed. By contrast, 13 of the 37 @entity1 (35.1%) with a 6-month PSA value persistently above 10 ng/ml relapsed. The 3-year relapse-free survival is 85.1% for @entity1 with a 6-month PSA level less than or equal to 10 ng/ml, and 50.2% for @entity1 with persistently elevated PSA values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum XXXX in monitoring the response of @entity263 to radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: PURPOSE: Current guidelines for @entity131 ( @entity131 ) recommend antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for 7 days after injury to decrease @entity410 risk. @entity3174 decreases @entity410 risk 73% vs placebo during this time. @entity4677 (LEV) is an alternative; however, no published data validate comparable efficacy. Our objective was to evaluate @entity410 incidence 7 days after @entity131 in @entity1 treated with @entity3174 (PHT) vs LEV and to characterize practice of AED selection. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted using a Trauma Registry (Collector Trauma Registry; Digital Innovation, Inc, Forrest Hill, Md) to evaluate @entity1 with @entity131 . @entity1 with an initial Head/Neck Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 3 or higher and a Glasgow @entity772 Scale of 8 or less were included. RESULTS: Of 109 @entity1 , 89 received PHT, and 20, LEV. Two @entity1 experienced @entity410 , 1 in each group. Sixty-eight @entity1 survived to hospital discharge; 65% received prophylactic AED greater than 7 days. Ninety-eight percent of 81 @entity1 admitted between 2000 and 2007 received PHT, whereas 64% of 28 @entity1 admitted between 2008 and 2010 received LEV. CONCLUSION: Only 2 @entity1 experienced @entity410 after receiving AED, indicating low incidence. Most surviving to hospital discharge received AED prophylaxis greater than 7 days despite guideline recommendations. After approval of intravenous LEV, a trend favoring LEV was observed.

title: Changing trends in the use of @entity410 prophylaxis after @entity131 : a shift from XXXX to levetiracetam.

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'posttraumatic seizure']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin']

answer: @entity3174 :: (MESH:D010672,Chemical) :: ['phenytoin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the effects of exercise on @entity67 in @entity1 with normal and depressed left ventricular (LV) function. BACKGROUND: Asynchronous myocardial contraction adversely influences ventricular function and is associated with a poor prognosis in @entity712 . Exercise-induced changes in @entity67 may be an important determinant of dynamic changes in cardiac output and @entity339 . METHODS: A total of 65 consecutive @entity712 @entity1 and 50 matched healthy control @entity1 underwent exercise echocardiography. Conventional and tissue Doppler parameters were measured before and during symptom-limited exercise. @entity1002 was defined as the standard deviation of 12 LV segmental electromechanical delays. Analysis of the control group allowed delimitation of normal cutoff values. RESULTS: In @entity1 with normal left ventricular function, exercise did not modify the extent of LV asynchrony. In contrast, in @entity712 @entity1 , @entity1002 increased by at least 20% in 34%, remained stable in 37%, and decreased by at least 20% in 29%. Moreover, 26% of @entity712 @entity1 had either exercise induction or normalization of @entity67 . A significant association was found between exercise-induced changes in dyssynchrony and the presence of @entity296 (p < 0.05). Rest-exercise differences in @entity67 were correlated with changes in cardiac output and @entity339 (r = -0.63 and 0.56, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity712 @entity1 , exercise can alter the magnitude of @entity67 . Some @entity1 have a response to exertion with induction of @entity67 , whereas others show normalization. Changes in @entity67 during exercise correlate with alterations in cardiac output and @entity339 .

title: XXXX : an exercise-echocardiography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dyssynchrony', 'Left ventricular dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['Dynamic ventricular dyssynchrony']


abstract: PURPOSE: Beh  et disease is most common in Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa (Silk Road). The authors compare clinical presentation and course of Beh  et @entity1596 in @entity1 of Silk Road and non-Silk Road descent. METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity1 evaluated at the University of Illinois January 1983-July 2010. RESULTS: Of 6134 new @entity1596 @entity1 , 36 with available medical records met diagnostic criteria for Beh  et disease. Ten (28%) were of Silk Road origin. @entity4816 was the most common ocular manifestation, followed by @entity5863 and @entity2479 . Ocular and systemic manifestations were similar between groups. Seventy-eight percent were treated with systemic immunosuppression, which reduced inflammatory attack rate. CONCLUSIONS: Beh  et disease is uncommon in the midwestern United States. Three-quarters of @entity1 in this series were not of Silk Road descent. Physicians should consider the diagnosis of Beh  et disease in any @entity1 with @entity4816 or @entity1596 regardless of ethnicity.

title: Beh  et XXXX in the American midwest.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis', 'Retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The potential to engineer extracellular vesicles (EV) that target specific cells and deliver a therapeutic payload has propelled a growing interest in their development as promising therapeutics. These EV are often produced from cultured cells. Very little is known about the interaction of cell culture-derived EV with cells of the immune system and their potential immunomodulatory effects. The present study evaluated potential immunotoxic effects of HEK293T-derived EV on the @entity1 monocytic cell lines @entity1357 . Incubation of cells with different doses of EV for 16-24   h was followed by assessment of @entity137 and cell function by flow cytometry. Changes in cell functionality were evaluated by the capacity of cells to phagocytize fluorescent microspheres. In addition, the internalization of labeled EV in @entity1357 and U937 cells was evaluated. Exposure to EV did not affect the viability of @entity1357 or U937 cells. Although lower doses of the EV increased phagocytic capacity in both cell lines, phagocytic efficiency of individual cells was not affected by EV exposure at any of the doses evaluated. This study also demonstrated that @entity1357 and U937 monocytic cells are highly permissive to EV entry in a dose-response manner. These results suggest that, although HEK293T-derived EV are efficiently internalized by @entity1 monocytic cells, they do not exert a cytotoxic effect or alter phagocytic efficiency on the cell lines evaluated.

title: In vitro immunotoxicity assessment of culture-derived extracellular vesicles in XXXX monocytes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prolonged motor and @entity616 following epidural anesthesia can be associated with extended postoperative care unit stays and @entity1 dissatisfaction. Previous studies have demonstrated a more rapid motor recovery following the administration of epidural crystalloids in @entity1 who had received plain @entity1341 and @entity3303 epidural anesthesia. However, @entity1425 is commonly added to local anesthetics to improve the quality and prolong the duration of the @entity616 . The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of 0.9% @entity1219 epidural catheter flush volume (i.e., washout) to the recovery of motor and @entity616 in @entity1 undergoing 2% @entity3303 with @entity1425 epidural anesthesia. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study design was utilized. Thirty-three subjects scheduled for elective gynecologic or obstetrical surgical procedures underwent epidural anesthesia using 2% @entity3303 with @entity1425 (1:200,000). A T4 dermatome level of analgesia, determined by toothpick prick, was maintained intraoperatively. Following surgery, subjects were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups. Group 1 (control, n = 11) received no epidural 0.9% @entity1219 (normal saline [NS]) postoperatively. Group 2 (15 mL NS x 1, n = 10) received an epidural bolus of 15 mL NS. Group 3 (15 mL NS x 2, n = 12) received an epidural bolus of 15 mL NS postoperatively and a second 15-mL NS bolus 15 minutes later. Assessment of motor and @entity616 was performed at 15-minute intervals until complete motor and sensory recovery. RESULTS: Times to partial and full motor and sensory recovery were significantly faster in the epidural NS groups than in the control group. Full motor recovery was more rapid in subjects receiving two 15-mL NS epidural NS boluses (30 mL total) compared with those receiving a single 15-mL NS bolus (108 +/- 9 min v 136 +/- 13 min) and significantly faster than control group subjects (153 +/- 14 min). Both NS x 1 and NS x 2 epidural bolus groups experienced significantly reduced times to complete sensory recovery when compared with the control group (NS x 1 = 154 +/- 13 min, NS x 2 = 153 +/- 9 min, control 195 +/- 14 min). CONCLUSIONS: A more rapid recovery of motor and @entity616 in @entity1 undergoing 2% @entity3303 with @entity1425 epidural anesthesia can be achieved with the use of 30 mL NS epidural washout. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001;26:246-251.

title: Reversal of XXXX with @entity1425 epidural anesthesia using epidural saline washout.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['epidural block', 'sensory block']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: Gene therapy has many potential applications in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including the selective killing of @entity5 cells in the brain. A @entity35 @entity1313 model was used to test the herpes simplex virus (HSV)- @entity1014 kinase (TK) gene for its ability to selectively kill C6 and 9L @entity5 cells in the brain following systemic administration of the @entity2353 analog @entity4540 . The HSV-TK gene was introduced in vitro into @entity5 cells ( @entity36 and 9L-TK), then these modified @entity5 cells were evaluated for their sensitivity to cell killing by @entity4540 . In a dose-response assay, both @entity36 and 9L-TK cells were 100 times more sensitive to killing by @entity4540 (median lethal dose: @entity36 , 0.1 microgram @entity4540 /ml; C6, 5.0 micrograms @entity4540 /ml) than unmodified wild-type @entity5 cells or cultured fibroblasts. In vivo studies confirmed the ability of intraperitoneal @entity4540 administration to kill established @entity1313 in @entity35 as quantified by both stereological assessment of @entity1313 volumes and studies of animal survival over 90 days. @entity35 with @entity1313 established by intracerebral injection of wild-type or HSV-TK modified @entity5 cells or by a combination of wild-type and HSV-TK-modified cells were studied with and without @entity4540 treatments. Stereological methods determined that @entity4540 treatment eliminated @entity5 composed of HSV-TK-modified cells while control @entity5 grew as expected (p < 0.001). In survival studies, all 10 @entity35 with 9L-TK @entity5 treated with @entity4540 survived 90 days while all untreated @entity35 died within 25 days. Curiously, @entity5 composed of combinations of 9L and 9L-TK cells could be eliminated by @entity4540 treatments even when only one-half of the @entity5 cells carried the HSV-TK gene. While not completely understood, this additional @entity5 cell killing appears to be both @entity5 selective and local in nature. It is concluded that HSV-TK gene therapy with @entity4540 treatment does selectively kill @entity5 cells in the brain and has many potential applications in CNS disorders, including the treatment of @entity5 .

title: @entity1014 kinase-mediated killing of @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: The overarching aim of this study was to compare volume-equated high-repetition daily undulating periodization (DUPHR) versus a low-repetition daily undulating periodization (DUPLR) program for muscle performance. Sixteen college-aged (23    3 years) resistance-trained males were counterbalanced into 2 groups: (i) DUPHR (n = 8), with a weekly training order of 12 repetitions (Day 1), 10 repetitions (Day 2), and 8 repetitions (Day 3); and (ii) DUPLR (n = 8), with a weekly training order of 6 repetitions (Day 1), 4 repetitions (Day 2), and 2 repetitions (Day 3). Both groups trained 3 times/week for 8 weeks on nonconsecutive days, with pre- and post-training testing during weeks 1 and 8. Participants performed only squat and bench press exercises each session. Changes in one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength, @entity121 ( @entity121 ), and muscular endurance (ME) were assessed. Both groups significantly increased 1RM strength for both squat and bench press (p < 0.01), and no group differences existed (p > 0.05). Similarly, both groups experienced significant increases in chest, lateral quadriceps distal, and anterior quadriceps @entity121 (p < 0.05), but no change was present in either group for lateral quadriceps mid @entity121 (p < 0.05). No group differences were discovered for changes in @entity121 (p > 0.05). ME did not significantly change in the squat or bench press for either group (p > 0.05); however, for squat ME, a moderate effect size was observed for DUPHR (0.57) versus a trivial effect size for DUPLR (0.17). Our findings suggest that in previously trained males, training volume is a significant contributor to strength and @entity1184 adaptations, which occur independently of specific repetition ranges.

title: Volume-equated high- and low-repetition daily undulating programming strategies produce similar XXXX and strength adaptations.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['MT', 'muscle thickness']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: The importance of internal medicine for the care of @entity1 with @entity189 increases. This is particularly connected with the rapid development of the antineoplastic drug therapy. However, these are not the only tasks of the internal specialists. He is responsible for the ascertainment of the diagnosis, the judgment of the anatomical extension of the @entity5 with clinical means (classification of stages) and the diagnostics and treatment of concomitant diseases as prerequisites of a rational therapeutic planning. In the oncological team the internal specialist not only represents the specifically internal possibilities of treatment, but is in charge of the continuous general medical and psychic care of the @entity1 . The internal specialist plays an important role in the entire coordination of the specialised care. This refers to the documentation of findings in the @entity189 register of the hospital, to planning and evaluation of controlled clinical experiments, special oncologic consulting hours and consulting functions as a competent specialist also outside oncologic centres, which should be established in district hospitals and teaching hospitals as a common task of all participating disciplines. For this a profound specialisation within the field of internal medicine is necessary. A subspecialisation acknowledged by the state would be a stimulus, but it is not compulsorily necessary. This introduction into the topic shall the internal specialist make clear his role and responsibility in the oncologic care and facilitate the communication with other specialities.

title: [Internistic XXXX therapy--introduction to the theme].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase (COX) and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) activities promote progression of @entity14 . Combined treatment against these targets has not been more effective than single treatments alone. Therefore, our aim was to analyze relationships between COX and @entity470 in peroperative @entity14 biopsies. METHOD: @entity5 and @entity694 were collected at primary intended curative operations in @entity1 according to well-recognized statistical distributions of @entity5 stages in @entity14 . @entity9859 , @entity2247 and @entity470 content in @entity5 and @entity694 were quantified by western blot and Q-PCR. RESULTS: @entity2247 protein appeared as two bands, one at 66 kDa in almost all @entity5 and mucosa samples and one at 74 kDa in 73% of the @entity5 and in 23% of the mucosa samples. @entity5 @entity2247 mRNA was not different from the content in mucosa samples, while @entity2247 protein was increased in @entity5 tissue (p < 0.0003). A correlation between 74 kDa @entity2247 protein and @entity2247 mRNA occurred in @entity5 tissue, with significantly increasing @entity2247 mRNA across @entity5 stages. @entity470 mRNA content was lower in @entity5 tissue (p < 0.0001), while @entity470 protein was similar in @entity5 and mucosa samples. @entity2247 and @entity470 proteins showed a positive correlation in mucosa, while a negative correlation occurred in @entity5 tissue. @entity5 tissue with high @entity2247 74 kDa protein lacked @entity470 protein. CONCLUSION: Our present results are compatible with the theory that @entity2247 and @entity470 signalling pathways are inversely related in @entity14 tissue. This may explain why combinatorial clinical treatments have been less rewarding.

title: EGF receptor and @entity9859 / @entity2247 enzyme proteins as related to corresponding mRNAs in XXXX per-operative biopsies of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumor', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon mucosa tissue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) regenerate blood cells throughout the lifespan of an organism. With age, the functional quality of HSCs declines, partly owing to the accumulation of damaged DNA. However, the factors that damage DNA and the protective mechanisms that operate in these cells are poorly understood. We have recently shown that the @entity11807 DNA-repair pathway counteracts the genotoxic effects of reactive @entity3125 . @entity19 with combined inactivation of @entity264 catabolism (through @entity36739 knockout) and the @entity11807 DNA-repair pathway ( @entity27797 knockout) display @entity245 , a predisposition to @entity1778 , and are susceptible to the toxic effects of @entity1068 -an exogenous source of @entity3094 . Here we report that aged @entity36739 (-/-)   @entity27797 (-/-) mutant @entity19 that do not develop @entity1778 spontaneously develop @entity2150 , with the concomitant accumulation of damaged DNA within the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) pool. Unexpectedly, we find that only HSPCs, and not more mature blood precursors, require @entity36739 for protection against @entity3094 @entity137 . Additionally, the @entity264 -oxidizing activity of HSPCs, as measured by Aldefluor stain, is due to @entity36739 and correlates with this protection. Finally, there is more than a 600-fold reduction in the HSC pool of @entity19 @entity417 pathway-mediated DNA repair and @entity3094 detoxification. Therefore, the emergence of @entity2131 in @entity11807 is probably due to @entity264 -mediated genotoxicity restricted to the HSPC pool. These findings identify a new link between endogenous reactive metabolites and DNA damage in HSCs, and define the protective mechanisms that counteract this threat.

title: Genotoxic consequences of endogenous @entity3125 on XXXX haematopoietic stem cell function.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in both Fanconi anaemia']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anaemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Comparative genomic hybridization analysis was performed on 67 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), including 32 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and 35 @entity420 ( @entity420 ), to identify differences in the patterns of genomic imbalance between these two histologic subtypes. Among the entire @entity5 set, the chromosome arms most often overrepresented were 1q, 3q, 5p, and 8q, each detected in 50-55% of cases. The most frequently underrepresented arms were 9q, 3p, 8p, and 17p. The number of imbalances was similar in @entity957 and @entity420 (median number/case: 12 and 11, respectively). Moreover, many imbalances, such as gains of 1q, 5p, and 8q, occurred at a high frequency in both histologic subgroups. Several statistically significant differences, however, were found. The most prominent difference was gain of 3q24-qter, seen in 81% of @entity957 compared with 31% of @entity420 (P < 0.0001), with amplification at 3q25-26 being detected in eight of 32 (25%) @entity957 but in only two of 35 (6%) @entity420 . Gain of 20p13 and loss of 4q also were seen at a significantly higher rate in @entity957 than in @entity420 , whereas overrepresentation of 6p was more common in @entity420 . Gains of 7q and 8q each were associated with @entity5 and either positive nodal involvement or higher @entity5 grade. These data suggest that genes located in several chromosomal regions, particularly 3q25-26, may be associated with phenotypic properties that differentiate lung @entity957 from @entity420 . Furthermore, certain imbalances, prominent among them gains of 7q and 8q, may be indicative of @entity5 aggressiveness in @entity1149 .

title: Genomic imbalances in human lung adenocarcinomas and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'higher-stage tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancers', 'NSCLCs']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'ACs']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: The C-C chemokine eotaxin is a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils and probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity565 , although the mechanisms of its regulation are not well known. Airway epithelial cells express eotaxin mRNA and protein after stimulation with a variety of cytokines. We focused on the molecular mechanisms of eotaxin gene regulation by @entity310 and @entity3646 in the airway epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. Cells were transfected with luciferase reporter plasmids, which contained up to 1363 bp of the eotaxin promoter. Eotaxin promoter activity was increased by @entity310 (2.5-fold) and @entity3646 (1.5-fold), respectively. The combination of @entity310 and @entity3646 produced 3.6-fold activation of the eotaxin promoter. The eotaxin promoter contains overlapping consensus binding sites for transcription factors, @entity2451 and @entity8850 , which are known to mediate responses to @entity310 and @entity3646 , respectively. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed @entity2451 binding after @entity310 stimulation and @entity8850 binding after @entity3646 stimulation using a DNA probe derived from the eotaxin promoter. Mutant plasmids were generated to define the roles of these transcription factors in eotaxin promoter activity. @entity310 stimulation, but not @entity3646 stimulation, was lost in plasmids mutated at the @entity2451 binding site, whereas @entity3646 stimulation, but not @entity310 stimulation, was lost in plasmids mutated at the @entity8850 binding site. When both sites were mutated, all transcriptional activation was lost. These results imply that @entity310 and @entity3646 stimulate expression of the eotaxin gene by activating @entity2451 and @entity8850 .

title: Activation of eotaxin gene transcription by XXXX and @entity8850 in human airway epithelial cells.

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['NF-kappa B']


abstract: The C-repeat (CRT)-binding factor/dehydration-responsive element (DRE) binding protein 1 (CBF/ DREB1) transcription factors control an important pathway for increased freezing and drought tolerance in plants. Three CBF/DREB1-like genes, CBF 1-3, were isolated from both freezing-tolerant wild grape (Vitis riparia) and freezing-sensitive cultivated grape ( @entity13788 ). The deduced proteins in V. riparia are 63-70% identical to each other and 96-98% identical to the corresponding proteins in @entity13788 . All Vitis CBF proteins are 42-51% identical to @entity28782 and contain CBF-specific @entity535 motifs, supporting their identification as CBF proteins. Grape CBF sequences are unique in that they contain 20-29 additional @entity1522 and three @entity563 stretches. Agro-infiltration experiments revealed that VrCBF1b localizes to the nucleus. VrCBF1a, VrCBF1b and VvCBF1 activated a green fluorescent protein (GFP) or glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene behind CRT-containing promoters. Expression of the endogenous CBF genes was low at ambient temperature and enhanced upon low temperature (4 degrees C) treatment, first for @entity28782 , followed by CBF2, and about 2 d later by @entity42542 . No obvious significant difference was observed between V. riparia and @entity13788 genes. The expression levels of all three CBF genes were higher in young tissues than in older tissues. @entity42542 transcripts also accumulated in response to drought and exogenous @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) treatment, indicating that grape contains unique CBF genes.

title: Three grape CBF/DREB1 genes respond to low temperature, drought and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity13788 :: ('29760', 'Species') :: ['V. vinifera', 'Vitis vinifera']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['abscisic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HCT) is commonly used in Taiwan and other Asian countries as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral herbal medicine. In this study, we investigated the anti-human @entity2 activity and growth inhibition mechanisms of HCT in @entity1 @entity2 A549 cells. RESULTS: In order to investigate effects of HCT on A549 cells, @entity98 assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Flow cytometry was employed for cell cycle analysis, DAPI staining, and the Comet assay was used for DNA fragmentation and DNA condensation. Western blot analysis was used to analyze cell cycle and apoptotic related protein levels. HCT induced morphological changes including cell shrinkage and rounding. HCT increased the G0/G1 and Sub-G1 cell (apoptosis) populations and HCT increased DNA fragmentation and DNA condensation as revealed by @entity14939 staining and the Comet assay. HCT induced activation of @entity8186 and @entity522 . Fas/ @entity1197 protein levels were increased in HCT-treated A549 cells. The G0/G1 phase and apoptotic related protein levels of @entity4910 , @entity7596 , @entity8985 and @entity15308 were decreased, and @entity993 , @entity8186 and @entity522 were increased in A549 cells after HCT treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that HCT-induced G0/G1 phase arrest and Fas/ @entity1197 -dependent apoptotic cell death in A549 cells.

title: Houttuynia cordata Thunb extract modulates G0/G1 arrest and Fas/ XXXX -mediated death receptor apoptotic cell death in @entity1 @entity2 A549 cells.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1197 :: (355,Gene) :: ['CD95']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the role of @entity419 ( @entity419 ) PET/computed tomography (CT) in identifying missed distant @entity3 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 (LABC) who were assessed by conventional imaging methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three consecutive @entity1 with histopathologically proven LABC with negative conventional imaging results for distant @entity3 were included in the study. All of them underwent @entity419 PET/CT within a week after conventional imaging. RESULTS: @entity419 PET/CT findings suggestive of distant @entity3 were noted in 11/43 @entity1 , and 10 of them were confirmed to have true-positive distant metastatic disease on clinical follow-up of 6 months. None of the @entity1 with negative @entity419 PET/CT for distant @entity3 developed distant @entity3 during the follow-up. @entity419 PET/CT had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100, 96.8, 91, and 100%, respectively, for identifying distant @entity3 missed by conventional imaging. In addition, @entity419 PET/CT suggested previously unknown lymph nodal @entity3 in 16/43 (37%) @entity1 . Change in stage was noticed in 17/43 (39.5%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity419 PET/CT is a sensitive and specific imaging modality for identifying distant @entity3 in @entity1 with LABC missed by conventional imaging. In addition, it detects unknown lymph nodal @entity3 in a significant proportion of @entity1 and hence can be used routinely in staging of @entity1 with LABC.

title: Role of XXXX PET/CT in identifying distant metastatic disease missed by conventional imaging in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Exogenous @entity1 albumin has been shown to be neuroprotective in experimental @entity385 and it is currently investigated in clinical trials. However, the role of endogenous expression of albumin and its transcriptional regulation in the @entity63 brain is not known. We have previously reported the upregulation of de novo synthesis of albumin in the @entity63 @entity35 brain (at 0 and 22 hours of reperfusion after 2 hours of @entity63 ). In this study, we analyzed the role of transcription factors in albumin expression in @entity63 @entity35 brain. METHODS: The putative transcription factor binding sites for the albumin promoter was analyzed using transcription factor search computational tool and validated in @entity35 middle cerebral @entity432 model of transient @entity2806 . RESULTS: Computational analysis predicted approximately 20 transcription factor binding sites including hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha ( @entity31055 ). We found for the first time mRNA and protein expression of @entity31055 in the control and @entity63 @entity35 brain. There was no significant difference in mRNA and protein expression of @entity31055 between control and @entity63 (0, 2 and 22 hours of reperfusion) group but there was increased interaction of @entity31055 with p300 (known interacting partner for @entity31055 , a histone @entity16374 -transferase) in 0- and 22-hour reperfusion groups. Also albumin promoter binding activity of @entity31055 in @entity63 animals of 0- and 22-hour reperfusion groups significantly increased compared to respective control group animals. DISCUSSION: Although, @entity31055 is mainly expressed in the @entity35 liver and involved in hepatic expression of albumin, our study conclusively shows for the first time de novo synthesis of @entity31055 in @entity35 brain. Moreover, an increased interaction of @entity31055 with p300 and albumin promoter seems to be responsible for overexpression of albumin in @entity63 conditions.

title: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha mediated upregulation of albumin expression in focal XXXX @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1375 and @entity1669 are more prevalent than previously considered in @entity1 during pregnancy and the postpartum, and are associated with adverse effects on the mother and her fetus. We determined the efficacy and accuracy of screening @entity1 for @entity1375 and @entity1669 by testing TSH and two thyroid antibodies (TAb): @entity5787 antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), in eluates of filter paper specimens collected during early pregnancy and the postpartum. METHODS: We enrolled 494 first-trimester pregnant @entity1 with no exclusion criteria into a prospective study to detect @entity1375 and @entity1669 . Finger stick blood was applied to filter paper, dried in room air, eluted, and promptly tested for TSH and TAb. A total of 178 of the pregnant @entity1 (36%) were tested in the early postpartum. @entity1 with abnormal results had confirmatory serum tests. RESULTS: It was found that 91 pregnant @entity1 (18.4%) and 43 postpartum @entity1 (24.2%) had abnormal TSH values (>4.0 mU/L) and/or positive TAb; 140 pregnant @entity1 (28.3%) had TSH values >2.5 mU/L. All subjects with TSH values >4.0 mU/L tested positive for TAb. Eighteen @entity1 (3.6%) who tested normal during pregnancy tested abnormal in the postpartum. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that TSH and TPOAb measured in eluates of blood-spotted filter paper specimens are excellent screening tests to detect @entity1375 and @entity1669 in pregnant and postpartum @entity1 . Results are very comparable to serum data in this population published in the literature.

title: Maternal screening for XXXX and thyroiditis using filter paper specimens.

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['thyroperoxidase']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3064 is a Gram-negative, @entity413 -non-fermenting, oxidase-negative coccobacillus, most commonly associated with the hospital settings. The ability to survive in adverse environmental conditions as well as high level of natural and acquired antimicrobial resistance make A. baumannii one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. While carbapenems have long been considered as antimicrobials of last-resort, the rates of clinical A. baumannii strains resistant to these antibiotics are increasing worldwide. @entity2893 resistance among A. baumannii is conferred by coexisting mechanisms including: decrease in permeability of the outer membrane, efflux pumps, production of beta-lactamases, and modification of @entity114 -binding proteins. The most prevalent mechanism of @entity2893 resistance among A. baumannii is associated with @entity2893 -hydro-lysing enzymes that belong to Ambler class D and B beta-lactamases. In addition, there have also been reports of resistance mediated by selected Ambler class A carbapenemases among A. baumannii strains. Resistance determinants in A. baumannii are located on chromosome and plasmids, while acquisition of new mechanisms can be mediated by insertion sequences, integrons, transposons, and plasmids. Clinical relevance of @entity7911 -em resistance among strains isolated from infected @entity1 , carriers and hospital environment underlines the need for carbapenemase screening. Currently available methods vary in principle, accuracy and efficiency. The techniques that deserve particular attention belong to both easily accessible unsophisticated methods as well as advanced techniques based on mass spectrometry or molecular biology. While carbapenemases limit the therapeutic options in A. @entity281 , studies concerning novel beta-lactamase inhibitors offer a new insight into effective therapy.

title: XXXX : biology and drug resistance - role of carbapenemases.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity7911 :: ('MESH:D002228', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['baumannii infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem', 'Carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) is characterized by repeated vaso-occlusive events, which result in substantial morbidity. Abnormal adhesion of sickle red blood cells (RBC) to the vascular endothelium is postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion. Two adhesion receptors, very late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4) and @entity4210 , are found in unusually high numbers on sickle cell reticulocytes and do mediate adhesion of sickle RBC to endothelium. @entity1862 (HU) therapy results in fewer @entity432 , and we postulated that HU-related modulation of VLA-4 and @entity4210 receptors may contribute to its clinical benefit. Using flow cytometry, eight @entity1 were followed from the onset of HU treatment through a mean treatment length of 200 +/- 49 days. Mean corpuscular volume and percent fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) increased from 87% +/- 6% to 98% +/- 9% and 6.6% +/- 3.9% to 12.7% +/- 5.6%, respectively. The percentage of reticulocytes expressing VLA-4 decreased from 29.0% +/- 5.9% to 14.9% +/- 2.3% (P = .0003). Two thirds of the total decrease in VLA-4 expression occurred after 10 weeks of HU and plateaued by 20 weeks. Changes in VLA-4 expression occurred before substantial increases in Hb F. The percentage of reticulocytes expressing @entity4210 decreased from 55.3% +/- 6.4% to 42.6% (P = .0046). Changes in adhesion receptor expression were not caused by a decrease in reticulocytosis with HU therapy. This report is the first to associate a decrease in adhesion receptor expression with a therapy known to reduce the clinical severity of @entity3458 .

title: Decrease of very late activation antigen-4 and @entity4210 on reticulocytes in sickle cell XXXX treated with @entity1862 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'Sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vaso-occlusive episodes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: During 1984-88 a population-based case-control study was carried out in The Netherlands in collaboration with the International Agency for Research on @entity5 in order to further explore the possible relationship between diet and exocrine @entity3123 . Past habitual dietary intake was assessed in 164 cases and 480 controls. This is the first series of population-based studies of @entity788 to perform a comprehensive assessment of diet. The results of logistic regression analysis, controlled for age, gender and total cigarette consumption, suggested a positive association with past habitual intake of energy in directly interviewed @entity1 (OR highest versus lowest quintile 3.35; 95% confidence interval 1.51-7.18). No indication of an effect of Quetelet index was found. When maximum-weight-ever-achieved was used, nonsignificantly reduced risks were observed for the upper 4 quintiles of "maximum" Quetelet index. After controlling for age, gender, response status and total cigarette consumption, a positive relationship with habitual past intake of total @entity3363 was observed (OR 2.40; 95% confidence interval 1.44-3.99). The effect decreased considerably when the analysis was restricted to subjects who reported stable long-term dietary intake. After controlling for age, gender, total cigarette consumption and response status, a significant, positive association between @entity788 and past habitual intake of simple @entity3363 was found (OR 1.95; 95% confidence interval 1.24-3.07). Among those who reported stable long-term dietary intake, no effect was seen. The positive effect of simple @entity3363 was present in males only (OR 2.15; 95% confidence interval 1.18-3.93) and was smaller in @entity1 who reported long-term stable dietary intake. Our findings suggest that the development of exocrine @entity3123 is positively related to past habitual intake of total energy, total @entity3363 and simple @entity3363 , whereas no relationship with body-mass index was observed.

title: Are energy and energy-providing nutrients related to exocrine XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['sugars', 'carbohydrates']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: @entity882 caused by chemotherapy is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of @entity5 . Recombinant @entity1 @entity26118 ( @entity970 -rHuMGDF) is a potent stimulator of megakaryocytopoiesis and prevents chemotherapy-induced @entity882 in preclinical studies. We administered @entity970 -rHuMGDF with filgrastim after dose-intensive chemotherapy to 41 @entity1 with advanced @entity5 to determine its safety and effects on hematologic recovery. @entity3003 600 mg/m2 and @entity786 1,200 mg/m2 were administered to @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive blinded study drug, either @entity44510 or placebo (3-to-1 ratio), commencing the day after chemotherapy. @entity970 -rHuMGDF was given at doses of 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 microg per kilogram body weight by daily subcutaneous injection for between 7 and 20 days. All @entity1 received concurrent filgrastim 5 microg per kilogram body weight per day until neutrophil recovery. Fifteen @entity1 had received @entity970 -rHuMGDF alone in a previous phase I study. Platelet function and peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) were assessed. @entity970 -rHuMGDF enhanced platelet recovery in a dose-related manner when compared with placebo. The platelet nadir occurred earlier in @entity1 given @entity970 -rHuMGDF (P = .002) but there was no difference in the depth of the nadir. Recovery to baseline platelet count was achieved significantly earlier following @entity970 -rHuMGDF administration compared with placebo (median, 17 days for @entity970 -rHuMGDF 0.3 to 5.0 microg/kg versus 22 days for placebo, P = .014). In addition, platelet recovery was faster in @entity1 who had previously received @entity970 -rHuMGDF, suggesting that pretreatment might be beneficial. Platelet function did not change during or after administration of @entity970 -rHuMGDF. Levels of PBPC on day 15 after chemotherapy were significantly greater in @entity1 administered @entity970 -rHuMGDF 0.3 to 5.0 microg/kg and filgrastim compared with those given placebo plus filgrastim. @entity970 -rHuMGDF was well tolerated at all doses. Two @entity1 given @entity970 -rHuMGDF had a @entity715 episode. @entity970 -rHuMGDF accelerates platelet recovery after moderately dose-intensive @entity3003 and @entity786 , and is likely to be clinically useful in treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity882 . Because it enhances mobilization of PBPC by filgrastim, @entity970 -rHuMGDF might also allow more efficient collection of stem cells for autologous or allogeneic transplantation.

title: Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled phase I trial of pegylated recombinant @entity1 XXXX with filgrastim after dose-intensive chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26118 :: ('7066', 'Gene') :: ['megakaryocyte growth and development factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'cancers', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity44510 :: ('MESH:C103117', 'Chemical') :: ['PEG-rHuMGDF']

answer: @entity26118 :: (7066,Gene) :: ['megakaryocyte growth and development factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Access-related @entity16 after @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation is underappreciated. We intend to describe the incidence, management, and prognosis of @entity16 after @entity955 ablation. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of all consecutive @entity1 with @entity16 who underwent @entity955 ablation in three high-volume tertiary care hospitals between January 2007 and April 2011. RESULTS: Of the 3,128 @entity1 who underwent @entity955 ablation during the study period, 25 (0.8 %) @entity1 had @entity16 and were included in the current study. Mean age was 58.5        11.5 years with 18 (72 %) being males and 14 (56 %) having paroxysmal @entity955 . Ulnar nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve manifesting as @entity19140 paresthetica, and femoral nerve were involved in 5 (20 %), 13 (54 %), and 7 (26 %) of the @entity1 , respectively. Majority of @entity16 were associated with periprocedural @entity1410 (19, 76 %), and a quarter (19/72, 26 %) of all @entity1410 were associated with @entity16 . Initial treatment included warm and cold compresses followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and @entity158 medications. In addition to the above regimen, in some @entity1 (11, 44 %), oral @entity2682 was used and it was associated with a shorter time to symptom resolution (9.4 vs. 14.1 days, p   =   0.007). All @entity1 were symptom free within 90 days of the procedure. CONCLUSION: @entity16 after @entity955 ablation is rare and is frequently associated with a periprocedural @entity1410 . @entity1 typically become symptom free within 90 days of the procedure, and @entity2682 may have a role in earlier symptom resolution.

title: @entity16 after XXXX ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies', 'postprocedural neuropathy', 'neuropathy', 'Postprocedural neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['narcotic pain']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence of behavioural problems in @entity1 with severe @entity131 during the first year after injury and potential associations with outcome. An additional post hoc objective was to analyse the frequency of behaviours with need for intervention from staff. DESIGN AND SETTING: In a prospective population based cohort study 114 @entity1 with severe @entity131 were assessed at three weeks, three months and one year after injury. MAIN MEASURES: Assessments included clinical examination and standardised instruments. Agitation was assessed with the Agitated Behaviour Scale, the course of recovery by the Rancho Los Amigo Scale and outcome by Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended. RESULTS: Agitation were most common at 3 weeks post injury and 28% (n=68) of the @entity1 showed at least one agitated behaviour requiring intervention from staff. Presence of significant @entity2146 at 3 weeks after injury was not associated with poor outcome. At 3 months @entity2146 was present in 11% (n=90) and apathy in 26 out of 81 assessed @entity1 . At 3 months @entity2146 and apathy were associated with poor outcome at one year. CONCLUSIONS: Most agitated behaviours in the early phase are transient and are not associated with poor outcome. Agitation and apathy are uncommon at three months but when present are associated with poor outcome at one year after injury. In the early phase after a severe @entity131 agitated behaviour in need of interventions from staff occur in a substantial proportion of @entity1 .

title: Behavioural problems in the first year after Severe XXXX : A prospective multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression of @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) receptor in @entity1 with @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Intensive care unit and central laboratory. @entity1 : Blood specimens from 18 healthy volunteers (controls) and 16 @entity1 with @entity1850 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Using monoclonal antibodies, fluorescence labeling, and high sensitivity flow cytometry, we measured the expression of membrane TNF receptor subtypes @entity10736 and @entity10733 on peripheral blood leukocytes. Receptor expression is expressed as mean fluorescence intensity +/- SD (units: detection channel number). In controls, @entity10736 was only weakly expressed (monocytes: 2.5+/-1.8; neutrophils: 0.7+/-0.8), whereas expression of @entity10733 was higher (monocytes: 28.6+/-9.0; neutrophils: 4.8+/-1.0) and was also found on lymphocytes (on @entity405 + lymphocytes: 5.7+/-1.8; @entity4071 +: 5.5+/-1.2; @entity404 +: 9.7+/-3.7). In @entity1850 , we observed increased expression of @entity10736 on monocytes (6.9+/-3.4, p<.001) and neutrophils (2.2+/-1.9, p<.01), as well as decreased expression of @entity10733 on monocytes (17.3+/-13.2; p<.001). The extent of @entity10736 up-regulation did not correlate with that of @entity10733 down-regulation. @entity10736 on monocytes and neutrophils strongly correlated with body temperature but not with survival, whereas monocyte @entity10733 was considerably lower in nonsurvivors, albeit not significantly (12.3+/-7.1 vs. 23.9+/-16.7; p = .07). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that leukocyte @entity10736 and @entity10733 react differentially and probably serve different functions in @entity1850 , which prompts the investigation of receptor subtype-specific therapeutic approaches.

title: Differential expression of @entity5 XXXX factor receptor subtypes on leukocytes in @entity1850 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Invasive @entity16126 , caused by @entity2330 , is initiated with attachment of trophozoites to the @entity694 , @entity9358 and/or depletion, and adherence to and cytolysis of host epithelial and inflammatory cells. A current working model of @entity16126 suggests that the microenvironment of the host intestine, particularly intestinal mucins and the bacterial biofilm, may influence the behavior of pathogenic amebae. The invasive phenotype is dependent on expression of a number of virulence factors of which @entity462 proteases provide the most convenient experimental probe because their activity is readily monitored. In the present study, we examined the interaction of @entity2330 with @entity26243 , mucin, different epithelial cell lines and bacteria both by biochemical assays of protease release and transcriptional profiling using a previously validated genomic microarray. A significant down-regulation of released @entity462 protease activity was observed when amebic trophozoites were grown with @entity26243 , specific @entity694 . Transcriptional profiling during @entity26243 interaction revealed enhanced expression of the 170-kDa @entity19447 / @entity26243 lectin. Decreased protease activity during @entity26243 interaction and enhanced expression of the @entity19447 / @entity26243 lectin gene are consistent with a program of @entity281 and mucus coat colonization mediated by the lectin. The down-regulation of @entity462 protease activity following interaction with a colonic epithelial cell line parallels the presence of secretory mucin having a complex @entity1735 structure rich in @entity19447 and @entity26243 . In contrast, interaction of @entity2330 trophozoites with stomach porcine mucin enhanced @entity462 protease (EhCP1 and EhCP2) secretion 3-fold. This suggests the specific composition of mucins may affect the Entamoeba phenotype. Transcriptional profiling revealed interaction of Entamoeba with intestinal bacteria induced protein kinase, ABC transporter, Rab family GTPase and hsp 90 gene expression. The enhanced expression of this gene cluster is consistent with enhanced phagocytosis of @entity2330 during interaction with bacteria.

title: Transcriptional and secretory responses of XXXX to mucins, epithelial cells and bacteria.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity16126 :: ('MESH:D004404', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal amebiasis']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica', 'Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['commensal infection']

entities_list: @entity9358 :: ('MESH:D009078', 'Disease') :: ['mucous disruption']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucous layer', 'colonic cell lines and bacteria']

answer: @entity2330 :: (5759,Species) :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: From 1978 to 1993, 1000 @entity5513 were operated on at the Department of Neurosurgery at Nordstadt Hospital. The goal was to improve the chances of hearing preservation by recording auditory brain stem responses (ABRs). ABRs can be used for preoperative classification of cochlear nerve impairment and for prediction of the chances of hearing preservation. @entity1 AND METHODS: In addition to the previously described audiometric testing, the @entity1 underwent perioperative and intraoperative bilateral ABR recording at 100-dB condensation and rarefaction click stimulation. The classification system of five types of ABRs, as presented before, is based on the presence and on the latencies of Waves I, III, and V, with a special emphasis on Wave III's representing the activity of the first brain stem nuclei within the auditory pathway. According to an analysis of 420 preoperative ABRs, in case of a preoperative Type 1 or 2, the rate of hearing preservation is 80%. DISCUSSION: In the case of good clinical and audiometric hearing, a severely deteriorated ABR is mostly an indicator of @entity2850 and adhesion by the @entity5 . In view of subsequently reported experiences with intraoperative ABR monitoring, the value of the presented system emphasizing the importance of Wave III is stressed and discussed with other views in the literature. The criteria presented here are not designed for recognition of @entity28540 but aim for evaluation of the state of the auditory nerve and its perspective. CONCLUSION: By the presented classification of ABR Type B1 through B5, preoperative prediction of the likelihood of hearing preservation is improved.

title: Management of @entity5513 ( XXXX ): the value of neurophysiology for evaluation and prediction of auditory function in 420 cases.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['severe nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity28540 :: ('MESH:D012181', 'Disease') :: ['retrocochlear disease']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuromas']


abstract: We have made a study of a case of @entity8954 occurring in a @entity6 . Clinically, symptoms were very similar to those in classical @entity5011 and @entity1576 necessitated a stay in a Respiratory Resuscitation Centre. Recuperation was slow but practically total. Ultrastructural changes noted in the roots and the peripheral nerves of @entity1 suffering from @entity5011 are similar to those occurring in @entity16 . These changes are specific as the myelin takes on a fishnet appearance and, more important, the myelin is attacked by the projection of a mononucleate cell which has passed through the cytoplasm of the Schwann cells. We did not find this in our case. On the other hand, the lesions we found consisted of a mixture of @entity17 , associated with marked Schwann cell hypertrophy coiled around most of the myelinized fibres. Such aspects are very like those found in certain @entity3949 . The existence of significant @entity455 which was present in this case is also an important, though not a decisive factor. We consider, therefore, that the syndrome of @entity8954 exhibited by this @entity1 corresponds more closely to @entity3949 than to a classical @entity5011 .

title: [ @entity8954 in a XXXX @entity1 . Ultrastructural study of a biopsy of a peripheral nerve].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['common segmental demyelinization and axonal lesions']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['experimental allergic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy', 'diabetic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify the impact of re-exploration for @entity548 after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the effect of time delay, re-exploration within 12h (<12h) versus 12h or later (>or=12h). METHODS: Analyses of prospective clinical data on 3220 consecutive @entity1 who underwent CABG between 2003 and 2005 were performed. Pearson chi(2) tests, Fisher's exact tests, Student's t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, or univariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess the effects of pre-operative and operative characteristics on re-exploration, and the effects of re-exploration and time delay on adverse outcomes. Predictors of re-exploration and its effect on adverse outcomes were further evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-one @entity1 (5.9%) underwent re-exploration for @entity548 . Re-explored @entity1 as a group in comparison to the non-re-explored group had @entity86 , transfusion requirements, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and haemofiltration support, and mortality (all p<0.001). One hundred fifty-seven (82%) of the 191 @entity1 were re-explored <12h. The group of @entity1 who were re-explored <12h in comparison to >or=12h group had shorter ICU stay (median 3 vs 8.5 days; p<0.001), less IABP support (22.3 vs 44.1%; p=0.009) and a lower mortality (7 vs 29.4%; p=0.001). There was no significant difference in @entity190 or transfusion requirements between the two groups. The predicted EuroSCORE risks of the <12h group was 6.66% and the observed mortality was 7% (p=0.865). The observed mortality of 29.4% in the >or=12h group was significantly higher than the predicted EuroSCORE risks of 7.59% (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 requiring re-exploration for @entity548 are at higher risk of adverse outcomes and this risk is increased if time to re-exploration is prolonged for 12h or longer.

title: Delayed re-exploration for XXXX after coronary artery bypass surgery results in adverse outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['increased postoperative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: We performed a retrospective analysis of twenty-five consecutive massive articulating endoprostheses that were inserted at our unit during the management of @entity1 with @entity5 of their distal femur. Fifteen of these implants were fixed hinge devices and ten were rotating hinge devices with HA collars (since 1993). None of these cases were revised for @entity295 . There had been no cases of recurrent disease or amputation. The mean follow-up was 12 years (range = 5-18 years). The average age at time of insertion was 37 years. Young @entity1 with fixed hinged devices developed a high incidence (33%) of @entity1349 . They also had a significant rate of re-bushing. Results of the rotating hinge prosthesis with HA collar were much more promising. Functional scores were good after a period of 12 years despite the young age group.

title: Massive endoprostheses for XXXX of the distal femur: A 12-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Giant Cell Tumours']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumours']


abstract: To investigate the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and treatment of the @entity2318 contracture @entity1635 caused by back scalding during infancy. From August 1997 to May 2005, about 1300 @entity1 with @entity1635 received surgery in our department. Only four of them were diagnosed with @entity2318 contracture @entity1635 . One @entity1 was first treated with skin expansion, back scar excision, and skin flap transfer, followed with anterior correction with TSRH instrumentation. Two @entity1 were first treated with back scar excision and anterior spinal release, then treated with posterior correction with TSRH instrumentation; thoracoplasty was performed after 50 days in halo-wheelchair traction. The other @entity1 was treated with posterior correction with TSRH instrumentation. No management of scalding was performed on the fourth @entity1 . Anterior release and posterior correction were performed at intervals of 3 weeks. The @entity85 @entity1 were well corrected. The trunk balance was restored and the pelvis leveled. The skin incision wounds healed well. Minor loss of correction was recorded during the last follow-up.

title: @entity2318 contracture XXXX caused by back scalding during the infantile period.

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent scar']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities of four']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: @entity38123 , the second endopeptidase in @entity35 kidney brush border [Kenny _ Ingram (1987) Biochem. J. 245, 515-524] has been further characterized in regard to its specificity and its contribution to the hydrolysis of peptides by microvillar membrane preparations. The peptide products were identified, after incubating @entity1176 , substance P, @entity1812 and @entity1808 with the purified enzyme. The bonds hydrolysed were those involving a hydrophobic @entity535 residue, but this residue could be located at either the P1 or P1' site. @entity1176 was hydrolysed faster than other peptides tested, followed by substance P and @entity1812 . @entity1 alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide and the angiotensins were only slowly attacked. @entity398 and @entity1831 were not hydrolysed. No peptide fragments were detected on prolonged incubation with insulin, cytochrome c, ovalbumin and serum albumin. In comparison with @entity1707 endopeptidase-24.11 the rates for the susceptible peptides were, with the exception of @entity1176 , much lower for @entity38123 . Indeed, for @entity1812 and substance P the ratio kcat./Km was two orders of magnitude lower. Since both endopeptidases are present in @entity35 kidney microvilli, an assessment was made of the relative contributions to the hydrolysis of @entity1176 , @entity1812 and substance P. Only for the first named was @entity38123 the dominant enzyme; for @entity1812 it made an equal, and for substance P a minor, contribution.

title: The metabolism of neuropeptides. Hydrolysis of peptides by the phosphoramidon-insensitive @entity35 kidney enzyme ' @entity38123 ' and by XXXX microvillar membranes.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1831 :: ('CHEBI:34543', 'Chemical') :: ['[Arg8]vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensins I, II and III']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['luliberin', 'Luliberin']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Forty-six beef heifers (16 to 23 mo) of two biological types (small = Red Poll-sired, large = Charolais-sired) were individually fed from d 90 of gestation through parturition to evaluate the effects of nutritional restriction on plasma LH and @entity134 hormone concentrations. Heifers were allotted to one of two nutritional treatments to achieve a @entity353 (loss, fed at 1% of BW/d) or to maintain initial BW (maintenance, fed 1.5% of BW/d) to parturition. @entity4396 (100 micrograms) was injected i.m. three times during gestation (d 130; d 200; d 270) and twice after parturition (d 1 to 14; d 23 to 36). Blood samples were collected at 20-min intervals after @entity1176 for 4 h. Maternal BW change from d 90 to parturition differed (P less than .01) between loss and maintenance heifers. Mean plasma @entity1420 concentrations were greater (P less than .05) at d 130 and 270 of gestation in small than in large heifers and were greater (P less than .01) at d 23 to 36 postpartum in maintenance than in loss heifers. Mean concentrations of @entity1815 and @entity53 were greater (P less than .05) in large than in small heifers at d 200 of gestation. Mean plasma LH concentrations following @entity1176 injection were greater (P less than .01) in loss than in maintenance heifers at 200 and 270 d of gestation. Metabolizable and retained energy were related inversely to LH release during mid and late gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of nutritional level and biological type on @entity4396 -induced luteinizing hormone release and plasma XXXX , @entity1815 and @entity53 concentrations in pre- and post-partum beef heifers.

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['Gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['BW reduction']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Porous @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) scaffolds fabricated by a gelatin particle-leaching technique have good mechanical property and cytocompatibility, as demonstrated by a previous in vitro study. Here we investigate further the in vitro degradation of the scaffolds in terms of weight loss, water uptake, weight-average molecular weight, thermal behavior and morphology during a 39 week period in @entity1391 -buffered saline. The water uptake decreased dramatically during the initial stage due to release of the remaining gelatin, and then increased slightly with degradation time. The weight-average molecular weight decreased linearly as a function of time, while the crystallinity steadily increased with slightly decreased melting temperature. After degradation, many defects and big holes were seen in the scaffolds by scanning electron microscopy. Cartilage regeneration and scaffold disappearance in vivo were compared by implanting the construct into @entity19 for 30-120 days. While the scaffolds maintained their intact pore structure after 23 weeks of degradation in vitro, they almost disappeared in vivo at the same time, implying a faster degradation rate in vivo. By 120 days after implantation, the scaffolds were hardly seen in the newly formed cartilage-like tissue. The regenerated cartilages could not maintain their predesigned shape after a long period of in vivo culture due to the weakening of the mechanical strength of the constructs as a result of @entity15274 degradation. The regions occupied initially by @entity15274 scaffold were filled later by collagen type II secreted by the chondrocytes, but with no evident basophilic proteoglycan.

title: In vitro and in vivo degradability and cytocompatibility of XXXX scaffold fabricated by a gelatin particle leaching method.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(l-lactic acid)']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly(l-lactic acid)']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Foot pad @entity1909 and @entity75 are a form of @entity5526 , a condition affecting skin areas in contact with unsuitable or irritating material. @entity5526 is a common problem, reducing the welfare of broilers, and is believed to also affect broiler breeders. However, there is very little research on @entity5526 in breeders. This study followed the severity of foot pad lesions in broiler breeders throughout the production period. At slaughter the presence of hock burns and @entity0 was also determined. In addition, changes in litter condition over time and the impact of litter quality on foot pads were evaluated. The study was performed on 10 broiler breeder farms, including altogether 18 flocks. Foot pads of 100 hens per flock were assessed at the end of rearing period, three times during the production period, and at slaughter. Foot pad and hock lesions, as well as litter condition were scored on a 5-point scale. Litter quality was evaluated as pH, moisture and @entity3265 content. The condition of foot pads deteriorated towards slaughter age, with the occurrence of severe lesions reaching a maximum of 64% on average at slaughter. Hock lesions and @entity0 were rare. The litter layer became drier over time. Although poorer litter condition and wetness influenced foot pad health negatively, the effect on severe lesions was not significant. We also observed a negative effect on foot pad condition of larger slat areas. In conclusion, maintaining good litter quality alone is not enough to ensure healthy foot pads in broiler breeders.

title: Effect of litter quality on foot pad @entity1909 , hock burns and XXXX in broiler breeders during the production period.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast blisters']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hock burn lesions']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact dermatitis', 'Contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast blisters']


abstract: In this retrospective study, 71 @entity1 with @entity263 were treated with @entity13950 (EMP), at three different dosages (280, 560, 840 mg orally). All @entity1 were completely followed up until @entity5 -induced @entity204 . In 12 cases of further progression polychemotherapy was administered. As this was not a randomized study, an analysis of statistical significance was not performed. The higher dosages of EMP caused an extended progression-free interval accompanied by an equally considerable alleviation of @entity189 -induced @entity158 . The overall survival time was not influenced by subsequent polychemotherapy. An elevation of liver function parameters was observed in 5 @entity1 . One of these @entity1 died of toxic @entity409 , possibly therapy-related, on the basis of a preexisting @entity82 . Cardiovascular side effects were not observed. With regard to survival time, the positioning of polychemotherapy as a third-line treatment for @entity263 should be examined critically. Before administration of high-dose EMP, it is mandatory to control liver functions carefully.

title: XXXX in secondary hormone-resistant @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'secondary hormone-refractory prostatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13950 :: ('CHEBI:68643', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine phosphate']

answer: @entity13950 :: (CHEBI:68643,Chemical) :: ['Estramustine phosphate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recently, it has been shown that nocebo @entity1931 can be acquired through observational learning. The aim of this study was to investigate socially induced nocebo @entity1931 and its relationship with @entity158 catastrophizing, somatic complaints, hypochondriacal concerns, and empathy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-seven @entity1 (43.1  15.5 years) were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions. @entity1 in the nocebo condition (NC) watched a video in which a female model displayed @entity158 when an ointment was applied and less @entity158 when no ointment was applied. In the control condition (CC), the model demonstrated @entity158 with and without the ointment. Subsequently, all @entity1 received three pressure @entity158 stimuli (60 seconds) on each hand. On one hand, the ointment was applied prior to the stimulation. The order of the stimulation of the fingers (middle, index, or ring finger), the side of ointment application (left or right hand), and the side with which the stimulation began were randomized within each group and balanced across the groups. Depending on the randomization, the pressure @entity158 application started with or without ointment and on the left or right hand. @entity158 ratings on a numerical rating scale (0-10) were collected. In addition, the @entity1 completed questionnaires regarding body-related cognitive styles and empathy. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the @entity158 ratings between the CC and the NC. The effect of ointment application was also significant, but no interaction between condition and ointment application was found. Only in the CC did the nocebo response correlate with hypochondriacal concerns and somatic complaints. CONCLUSION: Application of an ointment as well as the observation of a model demonstrating @entity158 after a treatment produced elevated @entity158 ratings. Cognitive styles were not related to the socially induced nocebo response, but were related to the nocebo response in the CC.

title: Nocebo XXXX : contributions of social observation and body-related cognitive styles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['more pain', 'low pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: @entity980 is a rare @entity5 of mesenchyme-like tissue in which differentiation of rhabdomyoblasts has occurred. It is found mainly in @entity1 and @entity1 . The prognosis, until recent years very grave, has been improved by a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy occasionally with surgery. Survival depends on the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Diagnostic radiology has an important role to play in the demonstration of this, illustrations of which are given from a series of seven cases. The primary @entity5 has no pathognomonic appearances and is demonstrated essentially as a soft tissue mass lesion which displaces adjacent soft tissue structures such as arteries, veins, bladder and colon, or erodes adjacent bones whether in the extremities or the skull. The main role of diagnostic radiology is the detection of @entity3 . Chest radiography and skeletal survey are mandatory. Lymphangiography may reveal filling defects in regional lymph nodes but these are indistinguishable from any other @entity3 . Arteriography as well as revealing displacement of larger vessels, may show @entity5 in the lesion. Serial skeletal radiographs are of help in assessing response of @entity3 to therapy.

title: The role of diagnostic radiology in the diagnosis and management of @entity980 in young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['typical tumour neovascularity', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: @entity439 of the abdominal aorta associated with periaortic @entity82 (AFPA) are a different clinicopathological entity from @entity439 and nonspecific inflammatory periaortitis. The physiopathology and diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for these AFPAs are controversial. Over a 12-year period, 23 @entity439 with periaortic @entity82 (4%) confirmed by a histological study were operated at Beaujon hospital. Four @entity1 were operated at the @entity397 stage, 2 with acute @entity397 and 2 with contained chronic @entity397 . Uni- or bilateral @entity1695 was noted in 8 @entity1 . The diagnosis was suspected preoperatively in 60% of cases. Surgery confirmed the accuracy of the anatomical information provided preoperatively by the CT examination performed in 9 @entity1 . Debridement and grafting were performed in 22 @entity1 . Three @entity1 with associated @entity1695 were treated with ureterolysis during the same operative step at the beginning of our experience. Later on, 3 documented cases of @entity3041 receded after the isolated debridement and grafting of the @entity439 . Hospital mortality was of 5% in 19 @entity1 operated electively. Two @entity1 died later, after 2 months and after 5 years, and 16 are still alive and without symptoms at present, after and average time lapse of 68 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX of the abdominal aorta with periaortic @entity82 . A retrospective study of 23 consecutive successful operations].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'atheromatous aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bilateral T2 to T3 thoracoscopic sympathectomy and injection of botulinum toxin-A are presently the most effective modalities in the treatment of primary palmar @entity1119 . In this study we evaluated comparative merits of the two therapies. METHODS: @entity1 suffering primary palmar @entity1119 were treated by either bilateral T2 to T3 thoracoscopic sympathectomy (n = 68) or by injection of botulinum toxin-A (n = 86). The groups were homogeneous for relevant demographic, physiologic, and clinical data. Quantification of sweat production was performed by Minor's @entity1496 starch and glove tests. Subjective changes were assessed by quality of life questionnaires ( @entity1119 , Dermatology Life Quality Index, Short Form-36, Nottingham's Health Profile) and @entity1 's satisfaction self-assessment. A cost comparison between groups was also carried out. RESULTS: No operative mortality or major morbidity was recorded in either group. Minor's test showed a more significant reduction in the surgical group: +94% versus +63% at 6 months and +94% versus +30% at 12 months. @entity3190 was significantly greater and long-lasting in the surgical group. All subjective tests improved rapidly and significantly in both groups. After 6 months, results mildly worsened in the surgical group and more significantly in the botulinum group. @entity1 's satisfaction was initially greater in the botulinum group (p = 0.03), but after 6 months it significantly reversed (p = 0.04). Surgical treatment cost approximately as much as four botulinum treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is superior to botulinum toxin-A injection. The greater initial costs and discomfort are offset by a greater reduction in @entity3190 .

title: Bilateral thoracoscopic T2 to T3 sympathectomy versus botulinum injection in palmar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory sweating', 'compensatory sweating']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: Seventy-eight Korean @entity1 with @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) between 1984 and 1998 were retrospectively examined at Ewha Womans University Tongdaemun Hospital, Seoul, Korea. We analyzed the annual incidence, age and sex distribution, site of the lesions, clinical appearance, including the proportion of clinically pigmented @entity5 , modalities of treatment, incidence of recurrence and @entity3 of the @entity5 , the histopathological patterns, and whether @entity2652 , @entity2118 , or adamantinoid feature were associated. The male-to-female ratio was 0.902, and the average age of the @entity1 at first examination was 58.2 years. Eighty percent of the @entity5 occurred on the head and neck, most commonly on the nose (26.9%), followed by the cheek, eyelid, and upper lip. Ulcerated nodules were the most common clinical presentation. Clinically, 55% of the @entity5 were pigmented. Six @entity5 recurred; none metastasized. Surgical excision was the most common modality of treatment. The most frequent histopathological pattern was the solid type (60.3%), followed by the superficial (11.5%) and fibrosing (9.0%) types. The occurrence of the superficial type was significantly associated with @entity75 (p < 0.001). @entity2652 was present in 62.1% of the @entity5 on the head and neck, compared with 8.3% in those of the trunk and limbs (p < 0.001), indicating the significance of sun exposure in the pathogenesis of @entity1491 on exposed areas. @entity2118 was seen in 69.2% of the @entity5 . The focal adamantinoid feature was found in 14.1%, which is much higher than the previously reported incidence.

title: Clinical and histopathological characteristics of XXXX in Korean @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['solar elastosis', 'Solar elastosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['truncal lesions']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic pigmentation', 'Microscopic pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: To determine the feasibility and @entity137 of combining @entity4181 ( @entity1577 ) with a @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) combination chemotherapy regimen currently accepted by many as standard treatment for @entity356 , @entity1577 (500 mg/m2) was administered in combination with the Georgetown @entity1487 , @entity632 , and @entity1138 (FAM) regimen. Thirty-two @entity1 with advanced @entity420 were evaluable for @entity137 and 26 @entity1 with measurable disease were evaluable for response. Fifty-four percent of @entity1 were previously treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The response rate was 38% (95% confidence interval, 21% to 59%). The median duration of response was 6 months (range, 2 to 23+ months). The estimated median survival time was 6.8 months for @entity1 with measurable disease and 11.5 months for all 32 @entity1 . Although @entity294 is dose limiting when @entity1487 and @entity1577 are administered weekly for 6 of 8 weeks, @entity294 occurred rarely on this combination regimen with @entity1487 and @entity1577 administered only 4 of every 8 weeks. The dose-limiting @entity137 of FAM- @entity1577 was cumulative myelosuppression, which also occurs with the standard FAM regimen. As a result, the administered dose intensity of @entity1487 decreased as @entity1 continued on study. Thus, a randomized comparison of FAM with FAM- @entity1577 would not determine whether @entity1577 modulation increases the efficacy of @entity1487 when it is administered in optimal doses to @entity1 with @entity356 .

title: A phase II trial of XXXX , @entity632 , @entity1138 , and @entity4181 in advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: We have examined the modulation of radiosensitivity by using @entity5834 in two @entity1 @entity242 cell lines both with a @entity876 mutation (US8-93 and LMS6-93). In both cell lines a strong irradiation-induced G2/M arrest was coupled with a low rate of apoptosis. Incubation with @entity5834 resulted in a low percentage of S and G2/M cells, associated with an accumulation in G1. With a higher @entity5834 concentration, we detected a lower clonogenic survival with IC(50) at 2 mM. In both cell lines incubation with @entity5834 completely prevents the irradiation-induced G2/M arrest. This was connected to radiosensitization, but without direct correlation to an induction of apoptosis. The effect of radiosensitization rose with higher irradiation doses. However, in comparison with LMS6-93, it was stronger in cell line US8-93. A higher radiosensitization in US8-93 correlated with the prevention of strong irradiation-induced G2/M response and higher initial DNA damage. Results of Western hybridization reveal a @entity876 -independent mechanism of radiosensitization caused by @entity5834 . Our findings suggest that modulation in G2/M regulation may affect a common checkpoint for @entity5 cells with defective @entity876 function. Furthermore, our results show that the enhancer effect of @entity5834 is dependent on a strong reduction in the number of G2/M arrested cells and on an inhibition of DNA damage repair after irradiation.

title: Loss of G2/M arrest correlates with radiosensitization in two @entity1 @entity242 cell lines with mutant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: The catalytic subunit of telomerase, @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ), is highly active in immortalized cells and more than 90% of @entity1 @entity5 cells, but is quiescent in the majority of normal somatic cells. Thus, the @entity2215 promoter has been extensively used in targeted @entity5 gene therapy. @entity8310 virus (VSV) matrix protein (MP) induces the apoptosis of @entity5 cells in the absence of other viral components. In our previous studies, we successfully constructed the pVAX-M plasmid from the pVAX plasmid, which expressed wild-type VSV MP (VSV MP is under the control of the @entity2834 promoter) and demonstrated that pVAX-M efficiently suppresses the growth of @entity5 via the induction of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The present study was designed to construct the plasmid phTERTM (VSV MP is under the control of the @entity2215 promoter) and investigate whether it had a targeted antitumor effect in @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity2220 . In vitro, A549 @entity1 @entity2220 cells were treated with NS, Lip-null, etoposide, Lip-pVAX-M or Lip-phTERT-M, and examined for cell viability through @entity98 assays or for apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL assays. In vivo, A549 @entity1 @entity2 models in @entity19 were established. @entity19 were treated with 10 4-weekly intravenous administrations of NS, Lip-null, @entity2879 (2 mg/kg), Lip-pVAX-M or Lip-phTERT-M. Subsequently, Lip-phTERT-M was found to be the most efficient inhibitor of @entity5 growth and inducer of @entity5 cell apoptosis when compared with the other groups in vivo and in vitro (P<0.05). Notably, immunohistochemical staining showed that Lip-phTERT-M significantly limited the overexpression of VSV MP to the @entity5 tissues and reduced VSV MP expression in other organs in comparison with Lip-pVAX-M (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that phTERT-M demonstrates a targeted antitumor effect on A549 @entity1 @entity2220 cells. These observations suggest that phTERT-M gene therapy may be a novel and potent strategy for targeting @entity1 @entity2220 .

title: Gene therapy using the @entity1 @entity2215 gene promoter enables targeting of the therapeutic effects of @entity8310 virus matrix protein against @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity8310 :: ('MESH:D054243', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicular stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Surgical repair of @entity397 aortic sinus of @entity439 was performed on six @entity1 . The NYHA functional class was I in one case, II in three and III in two cases. All @entity439 had @entity397 into the right atrium. Three originated from the right, and three from the non-coronary aortic sinus of Valsalva. The preoperative shunt was 55-200% (mean 118%) of the peripheral cardiac output. At aneurysmal repair, closure of secundum-type @entity118 was performed in one case and insertion of a St Jude Medical aortic valve in another. There were no perioperative @entity204 . Five @entity1 were asymptomatic in the follow-up period (5 months-17 years). One @entity1 died of @entity296 11 years postoperatively. The long-term results after surgical repair of @entity397 aortic sinus of @entity439 thus were good, and early operation is recommended in order to avoid @entity712 .

title: Surgical repair of @entity397 aortic sinus of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Valsalva aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Valsalva aneurysm']