abstract: @entity227 (e.g., finding a specific object in an array of other objects) is performed most effectively when @entity1 are able to ignore distracting nontargets. In repeated search, however, incidental learning of object identities may facilitate performance. In three experiments, with over 1,100 @entity1 , we examined the extent to which search could be facilitated by object memory and by memory for spatial layouts. @entity1 searched for new targets (real-world, nameable objects) embedded among repeated distractors. To make the task more challenging, some @entity1 performed search for multiple targets, increasing demands on @entity227 (WM). Following search, memory for search distractors was assessed using a surprise two-alternative forced choice recognition memory test with semantically matched foils. Search performance was facilitated by distractor object learning and by spatial memory; it was most robust when object identity was consistently tied to spatial locations and weakest (or absent) when object identities were inconsistent across trials. Incidental memory for distractors was better among @entity1 who searched under high WM load, relative to low WM load. These results were observed when @entity227 included exhaustive-search trials (Experiment 1) or when all trials were self-terminating (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, stimulus exposure was equated across WM load groups by presenting objects in a single-object stream; recognition accuracy was similar to that in Experiments 1 and 2. Together, the results suggest that @entity1 incidentally generate memory for nontarget objects encountered during search and that such memory can facilitate search performance.

title: Learning in repeated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual search', 'visual working memory', 'Visual search']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual search']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Assistive devices based on keyboard access support communication and control tools for @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). The aim of this work was to explore movement activity in the use of keyboards and identify markers for @entity3140 . METHODS: We present a longitudinal study including 19 @entity746 @entity1 , followed for 2-20months. Typing activity was recorded with an accelerometer placed on the posterior part of @entity1 ' index finger. @entity1 performed the same 10-word typing task (2-6 assessments). Time and acceleration during keystroke were the main outcomes of this study. @entity1 were compared with 20 healthy subjects and 6 @entity1 with other @entity4094 . RESULTS: During disease progression, mean time in holding down a key increased and was longer than in control subjects. Acceleration at key press and key release decreased with progression of @entity3140 . Delay between tapping and pressing down each key increased with @entity3140 . CONCLUSIONS: Delay in pressing and releasing keys are markers of @entity3140 in @entity746 . The decrease in the acceleration of movements related to keystroke can contribute to monitor disease progression. SIGNIFICANCE: Typing activity can be explored to access remotely and continuously to @entity746 progression by @entity1 who use assistive communication devices.

title: Markers for @entity3140 in XXXX using analysis of typing activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['UL dysfunction', 'upper limb (UL) dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a 3-day course of @entity4580 with a 10-day course of @entity115 / @entity798 in the treatment of acute @entity1244 in adults. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred adult @entity1 with acute @entity1244 were included in an open, randomized study. Clinical diagnosis of @entity1244 was confirmed by nasal endoscopy, sinus radiography, and (when possible) by culture of sinus aspirate. @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity4580 (500 mg once daily for 3 days) or @entity115 / @entity798 (625 mg every 8 hours for 10 days). RESULTS: A significantly faster resolution of signs and symptoms of @entity1244 was observed in the @entity4580 -treated @entity1 . By the end of therapy (days 10-12), 95% of the @entity1 in the @entity4580 group and 74% in the @entity115 / @entity798 group were cured. The remaining @entity1 ' conditions were improved. By the follow-up visit, cure was achieved in 98% of the @entity4580 -treated @entity1 , and 91% of the @entity115 / @entity798 -treated @entity1 . Treatment failure was observed in three @entity1 from the @entity115 / @entity798 group, and relapse occurred in one @entity1 from each group. Bacteriologic eradication was achieved in 23 of 23 and 21 of 24 @entity1 treated with @entity4580 and @entity115 / @entity798 , respectively. Both drugs were well tolerated. Two @entity1 (4%) from the @entity4580 group and five @entity1 (10%) from the @entity115 / @entity798 group reported mild @entity344 . CONCLUSIONS: In adults with acute @entity1244 , a 3-day course of @entity4580 was as effective and well tolerated as a 10-day course of @entity115 / @entity798 . A significantly simpler dosage regimen and faster clinical effect were the advantages of @entity4580 .

title: @entity4580 versus @entity115 / @entity798 in the treatment of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid', 'clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbances']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: The Wnts are a highly conserved family of secreted glycoproteins involved in cell-cell signaling and pattern formation during early embryonic development. Teasing out the role of individual Wnt molecules through development is challenging. Gene duplications are one of the most important mechanisms for generating evolutionary variations. The current consensus suggests that most anatomical variation is generated by divergence of regulatory control regions rather than by coding sequence divergence. Thus phylogenetic comparisons of divergent gene expression patterns are essential to understanding ancestral morphogenetic patterns from which subsequent anatomy diversified in modern lineages. We previously demonstrated strongest expression of @entity3392 @entity23971 within its heart tube, limb bud and ventral/anterior ectoderm during oral and pharyngeal arch patterning. Our goal is to compare and contrast zwnt9b to its closest paralog, zwnt9a. Sequenced, fulllength @entity3392 @entity23972 and @entity23971 cDNA clones were used for phylogenetic analysis, which suggests their derivation from a common pre-vertebrate archeolog by gene duplication and divergence. Here we demonstrate that zwnt9a expression is found within unique (CNS, pronephric ducts, sensory organs) and overlapping (pectoral fin buds) expression domains relative to zwnt9b. Apparently, Wnt9 paralogs differentially parsed common ancestral expression domains during their subsequent rounds of gene duplication, divergence and loss in different vertebrate lineages. This expression data suggests ancestral roles for Wnt9s in early patterning of neural/oral-pharyngeal ectoderm and mesendoderm derivatives.

title: @entity3392 XXXX ,9b paralog comparisons suggest ancestral roles for Wnt9 in neural, oral-pharyngeal ectoderm and mesendoderm.

answer: @entity23972 :: (751644(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['Wnt9a']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carotid angioplasty may offer an effective treatment for @entity543 , but there has been concern about the incidence and clinical consequences of distal embolization. Transcranial Doppler monitoring in carotid endarterectomy has demonstrated @entity887 during this procedure. We used this technique in @entity1 undergoing carotid angioplasty. METHODS: Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor for @entity887 in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery before and during 10 technically successful carotid angioplasties and at various standardized times in the following month. RESULTS: In the month before angioplasty asymptomatic @entity887 were detected in 3 of 10 @entity1 . During angioplasty multiple @entity887 were detected immediately after balloon inflation in 9 of 10 subjects. A minor ipsilateral cerebral ischemic event occurred in 1 of these 9, but the other 8 were asymptomatic. Embolic signals were common immediately after the procedure and intra-arterial femoral catheter removal (8 of 10 subjects) but thereafter became less frequent and were present in 1 of 5 at 4 hours, 2 of 10 at 48 hours, 1 of 6 at 7 days, and 1 of 10 at 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Embolization at the time of carotid angioplasty is very common but usually asymptomatic; monitoring by means of Doppler ultrasound will allow the effectiveness of measures to reduce this embolization to be studied. Late embolization occurs in a minority of @entity1 and may account for the small but significant risk of delayed @entity64 . Doppler monitoring may allow identification of @entity1 at risk and assessment of the effectiveness of prophylactic therapy.

title: Carotid angioplasty. Detection of XXXX during and after the procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic signals']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolic signals']


abstract: Male and female @entity35 received @entity11909 in @entity4336 oil by gavage for 10 or 90 consecutive days. The doses for the 10-day study were 10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg; the 90-day study doses were 37.5, 75, and 150 mg/kg. There were ten animals per sex per dose group. In the 10-day study, all female animals died in the high dose group and only 2 of 10 males survived. Final body weights and @entity1017 along with hematology and clinical chemistry findings were not different from controls. The only relative organ weight which was significantly different was the liver in males exposed to 100 mg/kg. The main histopathological lesion exhibited was multifocal to diffuse inflammation of the mucosal and submucosal layers of the forestomach in the 100 mg/kg dose group. This change was minimal in both males and females. In the 90-day study there were no treatment-related effects pertaining to clinical observations. Body @entity1017 and total food consumption were significantly decreased in high dose males. There were slight but significant differences in hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, platelets, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase values in the 75 and/or 150 mg/kg groups in one or both sexes. In males, relative brain, kidney, and liver weights were significantly increased at 75 and 150 mg/kg. There were also differences in spleen, adrenal, and testes weights (absolute and/or relative). In females, absolute and/or relative kidney and liver weights were significantly increased at 150 mg/kg (liver) and at 75 and 150 mg/kg (kidney). There were no apparent treatment-related effects pertaining to mortality, ophthalmology, gross pathology, or histopathology.

title: Ten and ninety-day toxicity studies of @entity11909 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity11909 :: ('MESH:C024565', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dichloroethane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: @entity1 AND METHODS: Photorefractive keratectomy using the VISX 2015 193-nm excimer laser was performed on 134 consecutive eyes of 97 myopic @entity1 by the two authors. Preoperative @entity2516 (spherical equivalent) ranged from -1.63 to -14.25 diopters (D) (mean, -5.76 +/- 2.40 D). Follow-up of 6 months was available on 110 eyes. At six months, the average residual refractive error was +0.16 +/- 1.13 D (range -2.88 to +3.38). Correction within 1 D of that attempted was obtained in 77 eyes (70%). Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 89 eyes (81%), and 20/25 or better in 54 eyes (49%). RESULTS: At one year, follow up was available on 57 eyes. The average residual refractive error was -0.22 +/- 0.87 D (range -3.00 to +2.00 D). Correction within 1 D was achieved in 47 eyes (82%). Visual acuity was 20/40 or better uncorrected in 50 eyes (88%), and 20/25 or better in 35 eyes (61%). One @entity1 lost three lines of best corrected visual acuity and 4 @entity1 lost 2 lines of best corrected visual acuity from corneal haze or irregular @entity940 , while all other @entity1 returned to best corrected visual acuity within one line of their preoperative best corrected visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Photorefractive keratectomy with the 193-nm excimer laser appears to be a useful treatment modality for the reduction of low to moderate @entity1714 .

title: Treatment of low, moderate, and XXXX with the 193-nm excimer laser.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['high myopia']


abstract: The clinical benefits of endocrine therapy for @entity1 with hormonosensitive @entity0 are well established. For many years, 5 years of @entity440 was the gold standard of adjuvant treatment. The recent development of new endocrine agents provides physicians with a more effective therapeutic approach. Nevertheless, the success of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy is much more recent and less reported in the literature. This article reviews the studies published about neoadjuvant endocrine treatment ( @entity440 and aromatase inhibitors). According to the literature, neoadjuvant endocrine therapy seems to be effective. In contrast to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant endocrine therapy is well tolerated, with very few @entity1 having to discontinue the treatment because of side effects. It does not constitute a standard treatment but could have potential for elderly @entity1 with operable, hormonosensitive, well differentiated and slowly progressing (SBR I) @entity5 or for @entity1 with lobular MSBR 1 @entity189 (low chemosensitivity). The newer generation of aromatase inhibitors ( @entity4672 , @entity13558 , @entity17082 ) appears to be more active (in terms of overall response rates and conservative surgery rate) than @entity440 . @entity1 with an @entity172 receptor Allred score of 6 and over are more likely to respond and gain a clinical benefit. The optimal duration of neoadjuvant therapy has not yet been investigated in detail. These preliminary results should be confirmed by further studies.

title: Role of neo-adjuvant hormonal therapy in the treatment of XXXX : a review of clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['exemestane']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although intravenous @entity1443 is commonly used for the management of @entity282 , very limited evidence supports the usefulness of preoperative administration. The aim of this study was to determine the analgesic effect of preoperative @entity1443 on opioid consumption, @entity158 scores, and side effects in @entity1 receiving an elective abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 76 @entity1 undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. @entity1 received either @entity1443 2 g (group A) or placebo (group C) intravenously 30 min before surgery under general anesthesia. @entity282 was treated with @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity10748 0.2 mg bolus. @entity10748 consumption, @entity158 scores during rest and movement, and any adverse effects were recorded at 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after the operation. RESULTS: Overall @entity10748 consumption was significantly lower in group A compared with group C at all the time points (P = 0.013). The total 24-h @entity10748 consumption was reduced by 30% in group A. There was no significant difference in @entity158 scores. The incidence of @entity1209 after the operation were significantly lower in group A than in group C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with @entity1443 reduced @entity10748 consumption and opioid-related side effect in @entity1 undergoing abdominal hysterectomy, but did not significantly reduce @entity158 intensity.

title: The effects of preoperative intravenous @entity1443 in XXXX undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone', 'Hydromorphone']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Six karyotypically distinct clonal cell lines isolated from each of two freshly resected @entity1 @entity11 were examined for heterogeneity of morphology, in vitro growth rate, and chemosensitivity to @entity3600 and @entity900 . Each clone was identified karyotypically as having come from the parent @entity5 . The karyotypic deviations were primarily numerical; chromosome numbers ranged from hypodiploid to near-tetraploid. Three morphological types were recognized: astrocyte-like; squamous-like; and fibroblast-like. The growth rates differed among the clones; the doubling times ranged from 48 to 84 hr in those from one @entity5 and from 72 to 252 hr in the other. Chemosensitivity was measured by @entity137 and/or colony-forming assay. In both assays and in both @entity5 , heterogeneity of chemosensitivity response to both drugs was demonstrated among the different clones from the same @entity5 . Dose-response curves from some clones differed statistically (log-probit analysis) from those of others, and when the curves were parallel, their 50% effective doses often differed. For the @entity137 assay, the 50% effective doses of BCNU ranged from 43 to 94 microgram/ml and for @entity900 , from 29 to 340 microgram/ml. For the colony-forming assay, the 50% effective doses of @entity3600 ranged from 4.5 to 7.0 microgram/ml and for @entity900 (II), from 0.35 to 1.40 microgram/ml. No correlation was evident between the chromosome number, morphology, growth rates, or chemosensitivities of the clones. These results identified heterogeneity of chemosensitivity among cellular subpopulations in @entity1 @entity11 .

title: Heterogeneous chemosensitivities of subpopulations of XXXX @entity11 cells in culture.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)', 'cis-diamminedichloroplatinum']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. @entity1527 epimastigote forms are very rapidly removed from the circulation of normal and @entity2244 @entity19 . Depletion of C3 by cobra venom factor results in a significant delay in parasite clearance. 2. During parasite clearance there is a significant decrease in the number of circulating platelets and parasite clearance is considerably delayed in @entity882 animals. 3. In vitro incubation of epimastigote forms with normal mouse serum leads to the formation of parasite clumps provided that platelets are present. Inactivation of factor B or depletion of C3 prevents this phenomenon. 4. When epimastigotes are incubated with normal mouse serum they absorb one or more factors required for their aggregation with platelets. 5. It is suggested that in @entity19 @entity1527 epimastigote forms are removed from circulation by the alternative pathway of complement activation and that both C3 and platelets are required for parasite clearance.

title: Role of platelets and complement in the clearance of epimastigote forms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: It is unknown whether @entity455 is associated with persistent cardiac risk in @entity1 who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry, the incidence of @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and repeat revascularization outcomes were compared in @entity1 who had @entity455 (n = 554) with @entity1 who did not (n = 4,075). @entity455 was defined as a history of @entity64 , transient @entity63 attack, @entity613 , vascular bypass, limb amputation, or @entity449 . @entity1 who had concomitant @entity455 had more significant co-morbidities. Angiographic success rate was lower in @entity1 who had concomitant @entity455 (89.5% vs 93.2%, p <0.01), whereas in-hospital adverse events, including @entity204 (2.7% vs 1.3%, p <0.05), @entity583 (4.7% vs 2.6%, p <0.01), @entity64 (1.1% vs 0.2%, p <0.001), major @entity532 (6.7% vs 3.5%, p <0.001), and need for coronary artery bypass grafting (2.2% vs 1.1%, p <0.05) were significantly higher. One-year @entity204 rate (10.5% vs 4.5%, p <0.001) and @entity583 rate (9.2% vs 5.2%, p <0.001) were also significantly higher in @entity1 who had @entity455 . After adjustment, @entity455 was independently associated with a higher risk of @entity204 or @entity583 (risk ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.8) and @entity204 , @entity583 , or coronary artery bypass grafting (risk ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.6) at 1 year. Repeat PCI rates were similar (15.9% vs 13.8%, p = NS). In conclusion, the presence of @entity455 is an independent predictor of @entity583 and @entity204 or @entity583 1 year after PCI. Because PCI is often performed before vascular surgery, these data may lend insight to the risk/benefit ratio of such an approach.

title: Usefulness of XXXX in predicting adverse events in the year following percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease', 'noncoronary vascular disease', 'Vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['entry site complication']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['noncoronary vascular disease']


abstract: Left ventricular size and @entity64 volume increase in @entity1 pregnancy and during @entity172 administration in laboratory animals. In order to determine if elevated levels of endogenous @entity172 in @entity1 produce hemodynamic changes similar to those that occur during pregnancy, 14 @entity1 were studied during ovulation induction at day 8 +/- 2 (SD) (proliferative phase) and at day 14 +/- 4 (midcycle) of their cycles. M-mode echocardiography was carried out with the @entity1 in the left lateral decubitus, head down and head up positions. The mean serum @entity53 level was 294 +/- 234 (SD) pg @entity4654 +/- 2 (treatment day) and it increased to 1503 +/- 531 pg ml-1 at day 14 +/- 4 (cycle day) of the same cycle. This change in serum @entity53 was significant (P less than 0.001), associated with an increase in left ventricle diastolic dimension of 2.3 +/- 1.1 mm (P less than 0.001). During the same time period @entity64 volume and cardiac index correspondingly increased. Heart rate, fractional @entity3207 , and blood pressure did not change and systemic vascular resistance decreased. Many of the cardiovascular adaptations of pregnancy are duplicated by high levels of endogenous @entity172 and these changes are evident in as few as 6 days. Thus, we conclude that changes in endogenous @entity172 correlate with certain cardiovascular parameters, the most striking of which is the left ventricular size. This may be one of the adaptive mechanisms by which the maternal circulation adapts to pregnancy.

title: XXXX and hemodynamics during ovulation induction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['Estradiol']


abstract: As our understanding of the basic precepts of immunobiology continue to advance at a rapid pace, translating such discoveries into meaningful therapies for @entity1 has proved challenging. This is especially apparent in the use of cytokine-based immunotherapies for @entity5 . Unanticipated and serious side effects, as well as low objective response rates seen in clinical trials, have dealt setbacks to the field. @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) and common y-chain (y-c) interleukins are cytokines that have been used as stand-alone immunotherapies with moderate success. Our group has found that the fusion of @entity2841 to members of y-c interleukins results in the generation of novel proteins with unique signaling properties and unheralded biological effects. These fusion proteins, termed GIFT ( @entity2841 interleukin fusion transgenes) fusokines, are the result of combining @entity2841 and a y-c interleukin into a single, bifunctional polypeptide. In our experience, GIFT fusokines often confer immune cells with a gain of function that cannot be explained by the mere sum of their constituent moieties. They act as bispecific ligands, coupling activated @entity2841 and interleukin receptors together to drive unique downstream signaling events. The synergy that arises from these fusions has shown great promise in its ability to modulate the immune response and overcome maladaptive biological processes that underlie diseases such as @entity5 and @entity792 . In this review, we discuss the ways in which the GIFT fusokines are able to alter the immune response, particularly in disease states, with a special emphasis on how these novel molecules may be translated into effective therapies in the clinical setting.

title: Concise review: engineering the fusion of cytokines for the modulation of immune cellular responses in @entity5 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune conditions']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune disorders']


abstract: 1. @entity20527 desaturase ( @entity20528 ) activity was measured in @entity1573 primary hepatocytes, as a function of time in culture. 2. When using fasted donor animals, the desaturase activity was low at the beginning of culture and then increased steadily to a maximum value between 30 and 70 hr of culture. When hepatocyte cultures were prepared from fed animals, enzyme activity was high at the beginning of culture and maintained thereafter at similar values to those obtained in cultured hepatocytes from fasted animals after 30 hr of culture. 3. @entity17547 significantly enhanced enzyme activity when added to the culture medium at a 10(-9) M concentration, and a small stimulating effect was also observed with 10(-6) M @entity619 . 4. @entity4722 (0.5 mM) added to the culture medium as albuminic complex partly inhibited @entity20528 activity. 5. @entity1883 ( @entity1883 ) decreased enzyme activity when present at a 3 micrograms/ml concentration in the culture medium. 6. Taken together, the induction of enzyme activity in culture, its impairment by cordycepin and response to @entity17547 and @entity4722 strongly suggest that synthesis and translation of the @entity20528 mRNA occur in @entity1573 hepatocytes in primary culture, and that this cellular model may be a useful tool for further studies on @entity20528 regulatory mechanisms.

title: @entity20527 desaturase activity in primary culture of @entity1573 hepatocytes. Influence of XXXX , glucocorticoid, fatty acids and @entity1883 .

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity20527 :: ('MESH:C017725', 'Chemical') :: ['Stearoyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity1883 :: ('MESH:C058120', 'Chemical') :: ["3' deoxyadenosine", 'Cordycepin']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid', 'Linoleic acid']

answer: @entity17547 :: (396145(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that most @entity1 seeking bariatric surgery have had @entity250 ( @entity250 ) as defined by the validated Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The present study examined whether @entity250 resolves after bariatric surgery. METHODS: A total of 54 reportedly sexually active @entity1 (43.3    9.5 years) completed the FSFI preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively after a mean percentage of excess @entity353 of 42.3% (laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding [n = 38], percentage of excess @entity353 , 34.6%    15.7%; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [n = 16], percentage of excess @entity353 60.0%    21.2%). The FSFI assesses sexual function across 6 domains, with higher scores indicating better sexual function. The summing of these scores yields a FSFI total score (range 2-36, with a score of  <= 26.55 indicating @entity250 ). RESULTS: Before surgery, 34 @entity1 (63%) had scores indicative of @entity250 . By 6 months postoperatively, the @entity250 had resolved in 23 (68%) of these 34 @entity1 , and only 1 @entity1 had developed @entity250 postoperatively. In the entire sample, significant (P < .05) improvements occurred from before to after surgery on all FSFI domains. The FSFI total scores improved after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (from 24.2    5.9 to 29.1    4.1, P < .001) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (from 23.7    7.7 to 30.0    4.7, P < .001). In regression analyses, being married, younger age, and worse preoperative sexual function were related to greater sexual function improvements. Postoperatively, the @entity1 ' FSFI total scores were indistinguishable from those of published normative controls (29.4    4.3 versus 30.5    5.3, P = .18). CONCLUSION: @entity250 resolved in a large percentage of @entity1 after bariatric surgery. Sexual functioning in the entire sample improved to levels consistent with those of normative controls. This improvement in sexual function did not depend on surgery type or @entity353 amount and appears to be an additional benefit for @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery.

title: Significant resolution of XXXX after bariatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['female sexual dysfunction', 'FSD']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['female sexual dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ) with the @entity6149 device (Torax Medical) has been reported in several short-and long-term studies, rivaling historic results of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF), but with fewer side effects. However, there have been no studies comparing @entity1 with similar disease to validate these results. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1-year outcomes of @entity1 undergoing @entity1690 and LNF from June 2010 to June 2013. @entity1 were matched using propensity scores incorporating multiple preoperative variables. Outcomes were measured by @entity354 Health Related Quality of Life scores, proton-pump inhibitor use, satisfaction, and complications. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 met inclusion criteria, 62 @entity1690 and 117 LNF. Propensity score matching identified 50 @entity1 in both groups using the "best-fit" model with a caliper of 0.5 SD. At 1 year after surgery, both groups had similar @entity354 Health Related Quality of Life scores (4.2 @entity1690 and 4.3 LNF; p  = 0.897) and proton-pump inhibitor use (17% of @entity1690 and 8.5% of LNF; p  = 0.355). Although there was no difference in the number of @entity1 reporting mild gas and bloating (27.6% @entity1690 and 27.6% LNF; p  = 1.000), there were no @entity1 with severe gas and bloating in the @entity1690 group compared with 10.6% in the LNF group (p  = 0.022). More LNF @entity1 were unable to belch (8.5% of @entity1690 and 25.5% of LNF; p  = 0.028) or vomit (4.3% of @entity1690 and 21.3% of LNF; p  = 0.004). The incidence of @entity86 was similar between the groups (46.8% @entity1690 and 44.7% LNF; p  = 0.766). CONCLUSIONS: Analogous @entity354 @entity1 had similar control of reflux symptoms after both @entity1690 and LNF. The inabilities to belch and vomit were significantly fewer with @entity1690 , along with a significantly lower incidence of severe gas-bloat symptoms. These results support the use of @entity1690 as first-line therapy in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity354 .

title: Laparoscopic Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation vs Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication: A  Matched-Pair Analysis of 100 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['magnetic sphincter augmentation', 'MSA']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysphagia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between the morphologic nuclear features and clinicopathologic parameters in @entity1 with advanced @entity356 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Nuclear profiles have been reported as useful prognostic predictors in @entity5 . Data from computerized morphometries are objective and quickly derived using conventional microscopic analysis. However, this image analysis of nuclear features has rarely been applied to investigations of @entity356 . Moreover, it remains to be shown what types of biologic factors influence the nuclear features. METHODS: Morphometric nuclear features (nuclear area, perimeter, and shape) were analyzed in 202 @entity1 with serosal-invaded @entity356 (stage II and III) who underwent curative gastrectomy. In each case, 300 @entity5 nuclei were analyzed on routine @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained slides through the use of a computer-assisted image analysis system by tracing the nuclear profiles (magnification x400) on a computer monitor. The morphometric data were compared with @entity1 survival, clinicopathologic status, DNA ploidy pattern of @entity5 , expression of @entity876 protein, and proliferative activity of @entity5 cells. RESULTS: Lymph node @entity3 , lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion were more frequently detected in @entity1 with large nuclear areas. Significant correlations were detected between the size of the nuclear area of @entity5 cells and the biologic factors of @entity5 , such as expression of @entity876 , Ki-67 labeling index, and DNA ploidy pattern. The 5-year survival rate of the 100 @entity1 in the large-nuclear group (nuclear area >45.3 microm2) was 47.6% and was significantly lower than the 74.4% rate of the 98 @entity1 in the small-nuclear group (nuclear area < or =45.3 microm2). Moreover, the nuclear area was found to be an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity356 cells with a large nuclear area express mutated @entity876 protein and have high proliferative activity. Moreover, such @entity5 cells have high potential for invasion to the microvessels in the gastric wall. Thus, nuclear morphometry is a new and useful morphologic predictor for metastatic potential in advanced @entity356 .

title: Computerized nuclear morphometry: a new morphologic assessment for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'various cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To use digital image analysis and machine learning to (1) improve breast mass diagnosis based on fine-needle aspirates and (2) improve @entity0 prognostic estimations. DESIGN: An interactive computer system evaluates, diagnoses, and determines prognosis based on cytologic features derived from a digital scan of fine-needle aspirate slides. SETTING: The University of Wisconsin (Madison) Departments of Computer Science and Surgery and the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics. @entity1 : Five hundred sixty-nine consecutive @entity1 (212 with @entity5 and 357 with benign masses) provided the data for the diagnostic algorithm, and an additional 118 (31 with malignant masses and 87 with benign masses) consecutive, new @entity1 tested the algorithm. One hundred ninety of these @entity1 with @entity3 and without distant metastases were used for prognosis. INTERVENTIONS: Surgical biopsy specimens were taken from all @entity5 and some benign masses. The remaining cytologically benign masses were followed up for a year and surgical biopsy specimens were taken if they changed in size or character. @entity1 with @entity5 received standard treatment. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cross validation was used to project the accuracy of the diagnostic algorithm and to determine the importance of prognostic features. In addition, the mean errors were calculated between the actual times of distant disease occurrence and the times predicted using various prognostic features. Statistical analyses were also done. RESULTS: The predicted diagnostic accuracy was 97% and the actual diagnostic accuracy on 118 new samples was 100%. @entity5 size and lymph node status were weak prognosticators compared with nuclear features, in particular those measuring nuclear size. Compared with the actual time for recurrence, the mean error of predicted times for recurrence with the nuclear features was 17.9 months and was 20.1 months with @entity5 size and lymph node status (P = .11). CONCLUSION: Computer technology will improve breast fine-needle aspirate accuracy and prognostic estimations.

title: Computerized XXXX diagnosis and prognosis from fine-needle aspirates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to identify better predictors of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity712 (CHF). Potential predictors, derived from cardiopulmonary exercise testing, were compared with other commonly used cardiovascular measurements. BACKGROUND: The prediction of @entity204 in @entity1 with CHF remains challenging. METHODS: Five hundred eight @entity1 with CHF due to @entity299 underwent resting cardiovascular measurements, 6-min walking tests, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The peak @entity26 uptake (.VO(2)), peak @entity26 pulse, anaerobic threshold, ratio of ventilation to @entity544 output (.VE/.VCO(2)), slope of .VE versus .VCO(2), and presence or absence of a distinctive oscillatory breathing pattern (OB) were ascertained. Outcomes were 6-month mortality and morbidity, the latter a sum of cardiac hospitalizations and @entity204 . RESULTS: The single best predictor of mortality was an elevated lowest .VE/.VCO(2) (> or =155% predicted). Adding OB on the basis of stepwise regression (optimal 2-predictor model), the odds ratio for mortality increased from 9.4 to 38.9 (p < 0.001). The slope of .VE versus .VCO(2) slope, peak .VO(2), peak @entity26 pulse, and anaerobic threshold combined with OB were also strong predictors. OB also increased the odds ratio 2- to 3-fold for each of these (p < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve confirmed that lowest .VE/.VCO(2) and OB were superior. For morbidity, elevated lowest .VE/.VCO(2) or lower peak .VO(2) with OB were the best predictors. No nonexercise measurements discriminated mortality and morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters are powerful prognosticators of early mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with CHF, especially the optimal 2-predictor model of a combination of elevated lowest .VE/.VCO(2) and OB.

title: Oscillatory breathing and exercise gas exchange abnormalities prognosticate early mortality and morbidity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic left ventricular heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC; lipocytes; Ito cells) proliferate and are responsible for extracellular matrix synthesis during hepatic fibrogenesis. During activation, HSC undergo transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts expressing @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ). @entity268 ( @entity1919 ) is an ubiquitous intracellular signaling molecule, and is upregulated by the activation of @entity1920 cyclase and downregulated via hydrolysis by @entity1921 phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Recently, increased intracellular @entity1919 has been shown to inhibit HSC activation. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of inhibition of PDEs on cell proliferation and transdifferentiation in cultured @entity35 HSC. Cell proliferation was determined by @entity665 incorporation, and Western blot analysis was performed for detection of @entity1918 , a phenotypic marker of transdifferentiation into myofibroblast. When the cells were exposed to @entity1922 ( @entity1922 ; 50-1000 microM), a nonselective @entity1923 inhibitor, serum-stimulated @entity665 incorporation was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum inhibition of 66% at a concentration of 500 microM @entity1924 (1-60 microM), a selective @entity1923 inhibitor, induced a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on serum-stimulated DNA synthesis that reached a maximum inhibition of 95% at a concentration of 60 microM, while neither @entity1925 ( @entity1925 ), a @entity1923 I isoenzyme inhibitor, nor @entity1926 , a @entity1923 IV isoenzyme inhibitor, had an inhibitory effect. Western blot analysis revealed that @entity1922 or @entity1924 decreased @entity1918 expression, while other selective @entity1923 isoenzyme inhibitors did not have a suppressive effect. @entity1922 , @entity1924 or @entity1926 , but not 8- @entity1927 augmented @entity1928 -induced increase in intracellular @entity1919 levels although @entity1919 levels were not affected by treatment with any of these @entity1923 inhibitors alone. These data indicate that inhibition of PDEs, especially @entity1923 , can produce an inhibitory effect on HSC activation. The @entity1923 may contribute to the regulation of HSC activation during fibrogenesis. In addition, @entity1924 may have the potential to inhibit initiation and progression of @entity1575 by interfering with HSC activation.

title: @entity1924 , a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type III, inhibitor, inhibits cell proliferation and transdifferentiation of cultured XXXX hepatic stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity1925 :: ('MESH:C119531', 'Chemical') :: ['8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine', '8-MMX']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-SMA', 'alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity1921 :: ('CHEBI:23447', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine', 'IBMX']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1923 :: ('MESH:C536254', 'Disease') :: ['PDE III isoenzyme', 'PDE']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A practical method of photocrosslinking high molecular weight @entity25129 (PTMC) is presented. Flexible, elastomeric and biodegradable networks could be readily prepared by UV irradiating PTMC films containing @entity25130 ( @entity25130 ) and a photoinitiator. The network characteristics, mechanical properties, wettability, and in vitro enzymatic erosion of the photocrosslinked PTMC films were investigated. Densely crosslinked networks with gel contents up to 98% could be obtained in this manner. Upon photocrosslinking, flexible and tough networks with excellent elastomeric properties were obtained. To illustrate the ease with which the properties of the networks can be tailored, blends of PTMC with @entity25131 or with PTMC-PCL-PTMC were also photocrosslinked. The wettability and the enzymatic erosion rate of the networks could be tuned by blending with block copolymers. Tissue engineering scaffolds were also fabricated using these flexible photocrosslinkable materials. After crosslinking, the fabricated PTMC-based scaffolds showed inter-connected pores and extensive microporosity. @entity1 mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) culturing studies showed that the photocrosslinked scaffolds prepared from PTMC and PTMC/PTMC-PCL-PTMC blends are well-suited for tissue engineering applications.

title: Ultraviolet light crosslinking of XXXX for elastomeric tissue engineering scaffolds.

entities_list: @entity25129 :: ('MESH:C059299', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(trimethylene carbonate)']

entities_list: @entity25130 :: ('MESH:C027992', 'Chemical') :: ['pentaerythritol triacrylate', 'PETA']

answer: @entity25129 :: (MESH:C059299,Chemical) :: ['poly(trimethylene carbonate)']


abstract: Purpose. To describe the first reported case of @entity739 ( @entity739 ) from a member of the Benin tribe and explore the association with @entity3458 . Methods. Full ophthalmic examination and high-resolution ocular coherence tomographic imaging. @entity1 . 61-year-old @entity1 from an academic retina practice. Results. The @entity1 demonstrated bilateral yellow-green birefringent crystals localized to the inner retina on optical coherence tomography, as well as sickle cell-related @entity2295 in the right eye. She reported no consumption of kola nuts. Conclusions. Associated @entity989 may be important in the pathogenesis of crystalline @entity1020 .

title: West African @entity1020 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['WACM', 'West African crystalline maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['Sickle Cell Retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stem cell-based therapies for @entity741 have demonstrated promising early clinical results, but their benefits have been limited in duration due to impaired donor cell engraftment and function. Several strategies have emerged for enhancing stem cell function prior to their therapeutic use particularly with regard to stem cell homing, paracrine function, and survival. This review discusses current understandings of stem cell-mediated cardioprotection as well as methods of enhancing post-transplantation stem cell function and survival through @entity519 preconditioning, genetic manipulation, and pharmacologic pretreatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed using the MEDLINE and PubMed databases using the keywords "stem cell therapy," " @entity741 ," " @entity519 preconditioning," "paracrine function," and "stem cell pretreatment." Studies published in English since January 1990 were selected. In addition, studies were identified from references cited in publications found using the search terms. RESULTS: All included studies utilized animal studies and/or in vitro techniques. Stem cell modifications generally targeted stem cell homing ( @entity1570 , @entity436 ), paracrine function ( @entity7 , angiogenin, @entity3658 , @entity11968 , IL-18 binding protein, @entity21006 ), or survival (Akt, @entity588 , @entity21007 , @entity13975 , @entity540 ). However, individual modifications commonly exhibited pleiotropic effects involving some or all of these general categories. CONCLUSION: These strategies for optimizing stem cell-mediated cardioprotection present unique potential sets of advantages and disadvantages for clinical application. Additional questions remain including those that are most efficacious in terms of magnitude and duration of benefit as well as whether combinations may yield greater benefits in both the preclinical and clinical settings.

title: Optimizing stem cell function for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: The concentration and rates of synthesis of @entity1063 , @entity935 and @entity750 were determined by spectrophotofluorometric methods in various cytoarchitectonic areas of the cerebral cortex in 54 @entity2608 ranging in age from 1 day to 36 months. For most regions studied, @entity1063 levels exhibit steady increases from birth through 36 months while over the same period changes in @entity935 concentration are more complex and variable, particularly in the frontal lobe. Among the 3 @entity1154 examined, endogenous @entity750 content shows the least dramatic and most rapid development, reaching adult values between 2 and 5 months of age in most cortical regions. As a consequence of these developmental shifts, the relationship of @entity1154 levels in various cortical areas also changes with age. At maturity, however, @entity1063 concentration exceeds that of @entity935 and @entity750 in the cortex of the frontal and parietal lobes whereas @entity750 levels are higher than @entity1063 in the occipital cortex. Changes in rates of synthesis of the @entity2661 and @entity750 generally parallel developmental changes in concentrations. The greatest increments in @entity2922 synthesis occur in prefrontal and posterior association cortices. Smaller but significant increases in @entity750 metabolism were measured in the parietal and visual cortex between birth and 36 months while in other areas of the cortex, age-related changes in @entity750 synthesis were negligible. A consistent finding at all ages is that the distribution of catecholaminergic synthesis varies inversely with that of serotonergic synthesis, indicating substantial interaction in the regulation of the two cortical systems. The present findings demonstrate that in the @entity2608 development of monoaminergic storage capacity and synthetic processes: (1) continues over a period of months and years; (2) is generally more rapid for @entity750 than for @entity2661 ; and (3) varies greatly in different cytoarchitectonic regions of the cerebral cortex.

title: Postnatal development of @entity1154 content and synthesis in the cerebral cortex of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine', 'monoamines']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey', 'rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: Significant repeatability of a trait of interest is an essential assumption for undertaking studies of phenotypic variability. It is especially important in studies on highly variable traits, such as metabolic rates. Recent publications suggest that resting/basal metabolic rate of homeotherms is repeatable across wide range of species. In contrast, studies on the consistency of standard metabolic rate (SMR) in ectotherms, particularly fish, are scarce. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of several important technical aspects of body mass-corrected SMR measurements and its repeatability in a small (average weight approximately 3g) fish, the spined loach ( @entity14776 ). First we demonstrated that release of @entity26 from the walls of metabolic chambers exposed to @entity519 conditions did not confound SMR measurements. Next, using principle of propagation of measurement uncertainties we demonstrated that in aquatic systems, measurement error is significantly higher in open than closed respirometry setups. The measurement error for SMR of a small fish determined in a closed aquatic system is comparable to that obtainable using top-notch open-flow systems used for air-breathing terrestrial animals. Using a closed respirometer we demonstrated that body mass-corrected SMR in spined loaches was repeatable under both normoxia and @entity519 over a 5-month period (Pearson correlation r=0.68 and r=0.73, respectively) as well as across both conditions (intraclass correlation coefficient tau=0.30). In these analyses we accounted for possible effect of @entity26 consumption of the @entity26 electrode on repeatability of SMR. Significant SMR consistency was accompanied by significant repeatability of body mass (intraclass correlation coefficient tau=0.86). To our knowledge, this is the first study showing long-term repeatability of body mass and SMR in a small fish, and is consistent with the existence of heritable variation of these two traits.

title: Repeatability of standard metabolic rate (SMR) in a small fish, the spined loach ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity14776 :: ('MESH:D013622', 'Disease') :: ['Cobitis taenia']

answer: @entity14776 :: (MESH:D013622,Disease) :: ['Cobitis taenia']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity6942 is endemic to tropical regions and, despite the common occurrence of @entity6177 , pancreatic involvement in @entity6942 has not previously been reported. OBJECTIVE: We report our experience with @entity788 . @entity1 : All 65 @entity1 treated for @entity6942 who had computed tomography (CT) scans were identified from prospective databases and were retrospectively reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A detailed review of cases with pancreas involvement was carried out. RESULTS: There were four cases (three males and one female; median age 29.5 years, range: 25-48 years) with @entity788 , giving a prevalence of 6.2%. All had predisposing conditions (two had poorly controlled @entity6 and two had @entity2395 ) for @entity6942 . Fever (100%), @entity448 (100%), @entity353 (100%), rigor (75%) and @entity490 (75%) were the most common symptoms at presentation and the median duration of symptoms before presentation was six weeks (range: 2-8 weeks). All pancreatic abscesses were detected on CT scan. Multiple foci involvement was common (3 to 6 sites): blood (4 @entity1 ), liver (3 @entity1 ), psoas muscle (2 @entity1 ), spleen (2 @entity1 ), @entity281 (2 @entity1 ) and lung (1 @entity1 ). @entity788 ranged from multi-focal micro-abscesses to focal large abscesses and involved all parts of the pancreas (body 100%, head 75% and tail 50%). Associated pancreatic findings included @entity715 , @entity32 and peripancreatic fat streaking. All the pancreatic abscesses were resolved with antibiotics without requiring @entity788 (including one @entity1 who died from disseminated @entity6942 ). CONCLUSION: @entity788 typically occurs as part of multi-organ involvement and commonly manifests as multifoci micro-abscesses. Associated @entity660 were also common. All responded to treatment without requiring drainage.

title: XXXX in @entity6942 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['peripancreatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic involvement', 'pancreatic abscess drainage', 'pancreatic melioidosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected ascites']

entities_list: @entity6942 :: ('MESH:D008554', 'Disease') :: ['Melioidosis', 'melioidosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['splenic vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic involvement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to analyze @entity6307 changes and the relationships between @entity6307 , CVP, and @entity551 , which are still unknown, in @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with extracorporeal circulation. MATERIAL/METHODS: Twenty-five male @entity1 (aged 53-67 years) underwent CABG under general anesthesia with normovolemic hemodilution. IAPs were measured in the urinary bladder, CVP by left internal jugular vein cannulation, and @entity551 by retrograde cannulation of the right jugular vein bulb (JVP, jugular vein pressure) at seven time-points: 1) after induction of anesthesia before the operation, 2) during internal thoracic artery preparation, 3) 10 minutes after heart-lung machine disconnection, 4) after procedure completion, before sending the @entity1 to the intensive postoperative care unit, 5) one hour after the procedure, 6) 6 hours after the procedure, and 7) 18 hours after the procedure. RESULTS: @entity6307 increased from points 3 to 6. CVP increased from points 3, 4, and 5 and decreased at point 7. Similar changes were noted in JVP. There were significant correlations between @entity6307 and CVP at points 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, @entity6307 and JVP at points 3, 4, and 5, and CVP and JVP at all points. The overall analysis showed correlations between @entity6307 and CVP and JVP and very strong correlation between CVP and JVP. CONCLUSIONS: 1) CABG with extracorporeal circulation resulted in increases in @entity6307 , CVP, and @entity551 . 2) The changes in CVP and @entity551 correlated with intra-abdominal pressure.

title: Changes in intra-abdominal pressure and central @entity551 in XXXX during extracorporeal circulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['brain venous blood pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of intraoperative @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in conjunction with canaloplasty for the treatment of @entity1538 . METHODS: Observational case series. A microcatheter was used to viscodilate the full circumference of Schlemm canal and to place a trabecular meshwork tensioning suture. Low dosage @entity1139 was applied beneath the superficial scleral flap before dissecting the second, deep scleral flap and accessing Schlemm canal. Qualifying preoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs) were at least 16 mm Hg with a historical maximum IOP of at least 21 mm Hg. Primary outcome measures including visual acuity and adverse events are reported for a 12-month postoperative period. Secondary outcome measures included IOP and @entity726 medication usage. RESULTS: In 20 eyes of 20 consecutive @entity1 , adverse events were generally transient and not sight threatening. With the use of @entity1139 , there was an increased rate of @entity8814 as compared with reported results of prior canaloplasty studies. The mean logMAR best corrected visual acuity at baseline was 0.07    0.12 with a mean of 0.09    0.13 at 12 months (P=0.679). Mean IOP decreased from a preoperative value of 23.4    4.3 mm Hg on 2.2    1.2 antiglaucoma medications to 13.4    4.3 mm Hg on no medications at 12 months. At all intervals, IOP and medication use results were significantly reduced versus baseline (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The adjunctive use of @entity1139 in canaloplasty is safe and effective.

title: Canaloplasty with intraoperative low dosage XXXX : a retrospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: Autoantibodies to RNA polymerases (RNAP) I and III are highly specific for @entity2631 (SSc), whereas autoantibodies to RNAP II are associated with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and overlap syndromes, as well as SSc. The specificities of autoantibodies to RNAP I, II, and III in 129 SSc sera were investigated in the present study. Immunoprecipitation and pulse-chase analysis demonstrated several patterns of autoantibody recognition of RNAPs. Some sera immunoprecipitated RNAP II only after its largest subunit was phosphorylated, suggesting that they contained autoantibodies that recognized an epitope carrying a @entity13269 . Autoantibody recognition of all three classes of RNAPs was influenced strongly by race. Although in @entity1252 , autoantibodies to the phosphorylated form of RNAP II (RNAP IIO) were identified in all races, in SSc, these autoantibodies were seen in 21% of Japanese and 5% of Black @entity1 , but never in Caucasians. A striking association of anti-RNAP IIO with anti-topoisomerase I (topo I) autoantibodies was found in Japanese and Black SSc, but not @entity1252 , patients. However, anti-topo I Abs were not associated with anti-RNAP IIO in Caucasians. Japanese SSc @entity1 who were positive for both anti-RNAP IIO and anti-topo I Abs had a significantly higher frequency of diffuse disease, pigmentation changes, flexion @entity1159 , and @entity690 than @entity1 having autoantibodies to topo I alone, and were diagnosed at a younger age (p < 0.05). These data suggest that genetic factors (possibly HLA-linked) influence autoantibody specificity, and that different autoantibody fine specificities may either cause, or be predictive of, different clinical outcomes.

title: Association of autoantibodies to topoisomerase I and the phosphorylated (IIO) form of RNA polymerase II in Japanese XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity13269 :: ('CHEBI:26051', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoamino acid']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['acro-osteolysis']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: Treatment with @entity17377 antibody (romosozumab) increases bone formation while reducing bone resorption, leading to increases in bone volume and bone mineral density. @entity17377 antibody treatment may also provide beneficial changes in trabecular microarchitecture and strength that are not reflected in bone volume and density. Here we use three-dimensional dynamic histomorphometry to determine longitudinal changes in vertebral trabecular microarchitecture in adolescent male @entity5434 (4-5  years old) treated with @entity17377 antibody. Animals were treated bi-weekly with either @entity17377 antibody (30  mg/kg, sc, n   =   6) or vehicle (n   =   6) for 10  weeks. Animals were administered fluorochrome bone formation labels on days 14 and 24 ( @entity803 ) and on days 56 and 66 (calcein), followed by necropsy on day 70. Cylindrical specimens of cancellous bone from the 5th lumbar vertebrae were used to generate high-resolution, three-dimensional images of bone and fluorescent labels of bone formation (0.7   *   0.7   *   5.0    m/voxel). The three-dimensional images of the bone formation labels were used to determine the bone volume formed between days 14 and 66 and the resulting alterations in trabecular microarchitecture within each bone. Treatment with @entity17377 antibody resulted in a conversion of rod-like trabeculae into plate-like trabeculae at a higher rate than in vehicle-treated animals (p   =   0.01). Plate bone volume fraction was greater in the @entity17377 antibody group relative to vehicle (mean 43 vs. 30%, p   <   0.05). Bone formation increased the thickness of trabeculae in all three trabecular orientations (axial, oblique, and transverse, p   <   0.05). The volume of bone formed between days 14  to 66 was greater in @entity17377 antibody-treated groups (9.0 vs. 5.4%, p   =   0.02), and new bone formation due to @entity17377 antibody treatment was associated with increased apparent stiffness as determined from finite element models. Our results demonstrate that increased bone formation associated with @entity17377 antibody treatment increases plate-like trabecular morphology and improves mechanical performance.

title: Romosozumab Treatment Converts Trabecular Rods into Trabecular Plates in Male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['Cynomolgus Monkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative @entity955 remains a common cause of morbidity. Although epicardial drug delivery can increase efficacy and reduce side effects, it is impractical for postoperative @entity955 because @entity548 /effusion and drainage cause rapid drug elimination. Fibrin glue sprayed on the epicardium is vigorously adherent, allowing an admixed drug to remain in contact with the heart. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a novel corticosteroid-fibrin glue mixture applied to the atrial epicardium at the time of surgery for prevention of postoperative @entity4710 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Talc was instilled into the pericardium in 15 @entity235 to simulate postoperative @entity32 . Pacemakers were implanted to monitor @entity943 . A mixture of @entity2713 and fibrin glue (Tisseel) was sprayed onto the atria of the treatment animals (n=9), whereas control animals (n=6) received Tisseel or nothing. After 1 week, pacemaker interrogation quantified postoperative @entity4710 (atrial rate >200 bpm) burden. Excised hearts underwent histological examination and tensile strength testing. postoperative @entity4710 occurred in 100% of control animals but only 33% of treatment animals (P=0.027). The median time (25th percentile, 75th percentile) in @entity591 was 5.5 hours (2.7, 12.6) per day in the control group, compared with 0 hours (0, 0.2) in the treatment group (P=0.001). Severe @entity32 was present in 6 of 6 control animals and 1 of 9 treatment animals (P=0.001). The tensile strength of a healing left atriotomy was not significantly different between groups. @entity134 levels at the time the animals were killed were very low (median of 0.22  g/dL [0.18, 0.23]). CONCLUSIONS: A mixture of @entity2713 and fibrin glue sprayed onto the atria reduced postoperative @entity4710 and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. There was no change in the tensile strength of a healing atriotomy and plasma @entity134 levels were low. Clinical trials of this approach are warranted.

title: Adhesive epicardial corticosteroids prevent postoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) is endemic in certain areas of Pakistan. This study was carried out to determine the incidence and clinical pattern of the disease in Pakistan. METHODS: @entity4536 @entity1 presenting in the out- @entity1 clinic of the Department of Dermatology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from January 1995 to June 1997 were included in the study. The @entity1 were diagnosed clinically and confirmed by laboratory demonstration of the parasite in a Giemsa-stained smear from the lesion. All important clinical details were recorded on specially designed forms. RESULTS: Three hundred and five @entity1 with 681 lesions were seen during 30 months. All the lesions were of the dry type. Most of the lesions (97%) were present on exposed areas of the body. One hundred and thirty-four (44%) @entity1 had one and 75 (24%) had two lesions. Eight five per cent of the sufferers were less than 30 years of age. The disease was slightly more preponderant in males (60%). Most cases presented during winter. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of wet @entity75 may be due to complete absence of @entity3667 in this area. This is in contrast to other areas of Pakistan where both dry and wet types of @entity4536 are present.

title: XXXX in Multan, Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type lesions']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: This study assessed the presentation, treatment, and prognosis of primary @entity6595 in general hospital practice and its relation to infection with @entity1534 . The number of @entity1 that would on the current recommendations have been suitable for @entity1534 eradication therapy was also examined. All @entity706 were graded according to a standard classification of gut @entity706 into high and low grade disease. Forty five @entity1 (mean age 65 years) were identified. The overall five year survival was 40% with a trend in favour of an improved prognosis for low grade and stage I disease. @entity1534 was present in 80%. Only one of 18 @entity1 with a low grade mucosa associated @entity5 had @entity3137 alone, which responded to @entity4546 and @entity115 . All other @entity1 had @entity66 . These @entity1 were treated by surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy or a combination of these treatments. In district hospital practice, most cases of primary @entity6595 have @entity66 at presentation. Even in @entity1 with low grade @entity6595 on histological examination, many on the current evidence would not be suitable for anti-H @entity1534 therapy alone.

title: Primary XXXX in clinical practice 1973-1992.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid tissue tumour']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bulk disease']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H pylori', 'pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal disease']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: The regional energy status and the availability of metabolic substrates during brain development are important, since a variety of fetal metabolic insults have been increasingly implicated in the evolution of neonatal @entity75 . The response of the brain to a metabolic insult is determined, in large part, by the ability to utilize the various substrates for intermediary metabolism in order to maintain energy stores within the tissue. To ascertain if metabolic conditions of the fetal brain make it more or less vulnerable to a stress, the high-energy @entity6546 and @entity413 -related compounds were examined in five regions of the embryonic day 18 (E-18) fetal brain. @entity413 and glycogen levels in the E-18 fetal brain were generally higher in the cerebellum and its neuroepithelium than in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and its neuroepithelium. Regional @entity880 and high-energy @entity1391 concentrations were essentially the same in the five regions. Subsequently, the metabolic profile was examined in the cerebral cortex and striatum from E-18, postpartum day 7 (P-7) and adult @entity35 . At the various stages of development, there were only minimal differences in the high-energy @entity1391 levels in the striatum and cortex. @entity413 levels, the primary substrate in the adult brain, were essentially unchanged throughout development. In contrast, @entity880 was significantly elevated by 6- and 2-fold over those in the adult brain in the E-18 and P-7 striatum and cortex, respectively. Another alternative substrate, @entity4322 , was also significantly elevated at E-18 and increased more than 2-fold at P-7, but was barely detectable in the adult cortex and striatum. Finally, @entity413 and @entity880 levels were examined in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and brain from the E-18 brain to determine if a gradient among the compartments exists. The levels of both @entity880 and @entity413 exhibited a concentration gradient in the E-18 fetus: blood > cerebrospinal fluid > brain parenchyma. The results indicate that energy state in the fetal brain is comparable to that in the neonates and the adults, but that the availability of alternative substrates for intermediary metabolism change markedly with development. The age-dependent substrate specificity for intermediary metabolism could affect the response of the fetal brain to a metabolic insult.

title: Changing metabolic and energy profiles in fetal, neonatal, and adult XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of older @entity1 as they self-managed following venous leg @entity1066 . The objectives were to describe the beliefs, attitudes, actions, enablers and barriers to self-management and to consider the impact of an e-learning client education package on how @entity1 approach recurrence prevention. BACKGROUND: @entity3179 affect 1% of @entity1 worldwide and more than 3% of older @entity1 . Up to 70% of @entity1066 reoccur. Appreciation of the experience of self-management following healing can equip health services to more effectively prepare @entity1 for self-management in the longer term. DESIGN: A descriptive exploratory design was used. METHODS: Older @entity1 who had received an e-learning education programme while their venous ulcer was active were interviewed after healing from July-September 2010. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. RESULTS: @entity1 believed in the efficacy of compression therapy, skin care, activity and exercise and healthy eating to prevent recurrence, and engage in activities that reflect recommendations of the education. As beliefs and conduct of self-management activities can change over time, regular professional monitoring and support would assist @entity1 to refine health goals, plan self-management activities and prevent recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a standardised education programme completed prior to healing informed successful self-management strategies among @entity1 who seek to prevent @entity3179 . Further research should consider the benefits of regular, ongoing professional monitoring and support among this group. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Clinicians have a role in supporting their clients to know about, perform and believe in the importance of self-management strategies for healing and recurrence prevention. Clinicians require the capacity to support clients which standardised client education tools can facilitate.

title: The experience of self-management following venous leg XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcer recurrence', 'Venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer healing']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent reports have shown an increase in frequency of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) with a stable or @entity99 (EHC). However, data on the demographic patterns associated with this change are limited. We analyzed cases of @entity201 ( @entity201 ) with aim to study frequency and demographic patterns over time of @entity99 and EHC. METHODS: Data were collected from MD Anderson @entity5 Center @entity5 Registry on @entity201 (1978-2007) and stratified on age (<50, 50-59, 60-69, and >= 70  years), gender, ethnicity (Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic, and Other), time (1978-1987, 1988-1997, 1998-2007), and diagnosis ( @entity99 and EHC). Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for statistics. RESULTS: Of 1,061 @entity201 (445 @entity99 ), proportion of @entity99 increased from 30% in 1978-1998 to 48% during 1998-2007 (P  <  0.0001). Compared to EHC, @entity99 occurred more frequently in relatively young (age  <  60  years) (21 and 27% vs. 15 and 23% in 0-49  years and 50-59  years, respectively; P  =  0.003) and females (48 vs. 42%, P  =  0.03). Ethnic distribution was similar. There was significant (P  =  0.019) interaction between age and gender using logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Increase in frequency of @entity99 occurred over time and is more frequently observed among females <60  years. These data may have implications in understanding pathogenesis of @entity99 .

title: Intra-hepatic XXXX --frequency and demographic patterns: thirty-year data from the M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma', 'IHC', 'decreased frequency of extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an electronic toothbrush on established plaque and @entity2522 in a 5-month clinical trial. This electronic toothbrush sends approximately a 0.15 mA current through the brushhead which presumedly enhances the efficacy of the brush in plaque elimination. For this study, 80 volunteers (non-dental University students) were selected on the basis of having moderate @entity32 . At baseline, plaque and @entity548 upon probing were assessed on the vestibular, mesio-vestibular, distovestibular and lingual surfaces using the 'half-mouth' design. After 2-months and 5-months, these clinical indices were again recorded. At each assessment, the @entity1 received a new brushhead. All baseline indices appeared to be well-balanced. A mean Silness and L  e plaque score of 1.70 and 1.64 were found in the control and test groups, respectively. Little change was observed from baseline to 5-months. The Quigley and Hein plaque index behaved comparably. The mean @entity548 upon probing score at baseline was 1.43 and 1.39 for the control and test group, respectively. Little to no improvement was observed in the course of this study. No beneficial effect could be shown for this 'electronic' design of manual toothbrush.

title: The effectiveness of an electronic toothbrush in the removal of established plaque and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: The mechanisms responsible for reduced arterial distensibility in renal transplant recipients remain to be evaluated. The present longitudinal study was aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity101 on the evolution of vessel wall properties in renal transplant recipients. The mechanical properties of the common carotid artery were determined in 24 normotensive and 24 treated @entity8 6-12 weeks after transplantation. The measurements were repeated after 2 years. @entity432 was determined by using a multigate pulsed Doppler system, blood pressure (BP) was measured by a @entity349 sphygmomanometer. BP was 127 +/- 3/80 +/- 2 mm Hg at entry and 133 +/- 3/82 +/- 2 mm Hg after 2 years in the normotensive group, 146 +/- 4/90 +/- 3 mm Hg at entry and 145 +/- 3/87 +/- 2 mm Hg after 2 years in the @entity101 group (P < 0.01, normotensives vs @entity101 ). The distensibility coefficient (DC) decreased significantly after 2 years in the @entity101 group (DC 18.3 +/- 1.3 10(-3)/kPa before, 15.1 +/- 1.2 10(-3)/kPa after 2 years, P < 0.05) whereas no significant change was observed in the normotensive group (DC 19.0 +/- 1.4 10(-3)/kPa before, DC 17.8 +/- 1.3 10(-3)/kPa after 2 years, @entity7031 ). There was a significant correlation between the change of the distensibility coefficient after 2 years and mean arterial pressure (n = 48, r = 0.42, P < 0.01). The results show that the decrease of arterial distensibility after 2 years is accelerated in @entity8 despite effective anti- @entity101 treatment. Since BP levels were not different at entry into the study and after 2 years, differences in distending pressure along cannot explain the more pronounced decrease of arterial distensibility over time in @entity8 .

title: A longitudinal study of vessel wall properties in normotensive and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive renal transplant recipients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial distension']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['hypertensive renal transplant recipients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The crucial role of T helper (Th) cells and chronic @entity32 in @entity731 and @entity453 is no longer controversial. Evidence has revealed that Th cell type 1 ( @entity1198 ) is closely associated with the pathogenesis of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). But the mechanisms involved in the generation of @entity1198 cells have not been fully elucidated. @entity9688 is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in innate immunity and @entity32 . The study was undertaken to investigate the potential effect of @entity9688 on the @entity1198 cell function in @entity1 with @entity1187 in vitro. METHODS: @entity1 with clinical presentation of @entity662 , @entity5749 , @entity1459 , and @entity583 were enrolled in this study. Circulating CD4+ T cells were enriched and analyzed for mRNA and protein expression of @entity9688 . Silencing @entity9688 gene with small interfering RNA in CD4+ T cells from @entity1 with @entity1187 was performed to explore the possible mechanisms involved in @entity1187 . RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the expression of @entity9688 in CD4+ T cells was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity1187 and positively correlated with plasma @entity1198 cytokine profile. Inhibition of @entity9688 in CD4+ T cells from @entity1 with @entity1187 prevented the induction of the frequencies and cytokines expression of @entity1198 cells. In addition, this study also revealed that @entity9688 modulate @entity1198 differentiation through establishing IL-12 responsiveness by acting on IL-12 receptor beta1. CONCLUSION: The present data demonstrate that inhibition of @entity9688 obviously decrease the function of @entity1198 cells and may be a novel participator in the progress of @entity1187 .

title: Inhibition of IFN regulatory factor-1 down-regulate XXXX cell function in @entity1 with @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'chronic inflammation disease']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'ACS']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Gene') :: ['IRF-1', 'IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: The prophylactic effect of perioperative use of @entity1943 on postoperative increase of pancreatic enzymes was investigated in this double blind, randomized study. Thirty tree @entity1 undergoing pancreatic surgery because of chronic @entity788 or its complications were divided randomly into two groups. Fifteen @entity1 received @entity1943 (dose 125 micrograms/hour), 18 placebo-infusion pre-, and postoperatively for a total time of 48 hours. The level of serum amylase, lipase, gammaGT, @entity460 , @entity1011 and blood @entity413 was determined every 12 hours. In the placebo treated group the serum lipase and amylase increased significantly (p < 0.001), while the @entity460 decreased. In the @entity1943 treated @entity1 only the lipase level increased significantly (p < 0.01), while the amylase and @entity460 showed no significant changes compared to their initial values. The postoperative increase in serum enzyme levels is interpreted as being an indicator of @entity660 . These results suggest that the perioperative use of @entity1943 has beneficial effect for the prevention of pancreatic enzymes increases and of @entity660 , associated with pancreatic surgery in @entity1 with chronic @entity788 . The clinical experiences suggest that the asymptomatic increase in pancreatic amylase following abdominal surgery is the result of various types of injuries of the pancreas (1-3). Included in these injuries is the direct mechanical damage of the parenchyma and ducts but it can develop secondary, as a result of @entity455 , ischaemia, @entity4 as well as mechanical injury to the Oddi sphincter of the sphincter's drug induced @entity2473 (1, 2). The asymptomatic increase in serum amylase and lipase can thus be interpreted as being an indicator of surgical @entity660 (3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Perioperative use of XXXX in pancreatic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury', 'pancreatic injuries']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: 1. We have assessed the influence of a range of synthetic cationic polypeptides with putative inhibitory actions at prejunctional muscarinic M2-receptors on electrical field stimulation-induced contraction of @entity840 isolated tracheal preparations. Electrical field stimulation of epithelium-denuded @entity840 @entity825 resulted in frequency-dependent contractile responses. As expected, tracheal smooth muscle sensitivity to electrical field stimulation was increased in tissues pretreated with the muscarinic M2-receptor antagonist, @entity9563 . In contrast, @entity9563 did not significantly alter the contractile potency to @entity934 . 2. Unlike @entity9563 , the synthetic cationic polypeptides, @entity10504 , @entity5731 , @entity10662 , the cationic dye @entity3739 red and the anionic polysaccharide, heparin, failed to increase significantly tracheal smooth muscle sensitivity to electrical field stimulation. 3. @entity10504 , @entity3739 red and heparin had no effect on the contractile response to exogenously applied @entity2710 . 4. These data are consistent with the concept that in @entity840 tracheal smooth muscle, @entity9563 is an allosteric antagonist of @entity840 tracheal muscarinic M2-receptors, whereas the various cationic polypeptides and the polyanion, heparin, are not.

title: The effect of allosteric antagonists in modulating muscarinic M2-receptor function in @entity840 isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lysine']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['gallamine']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity10504 :: ('MESH:C015462', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly-L-arginine', 'poly-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity10662 :: ('CHEBI:61489', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-D-lysine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To find out the causes, time of presentation for ultrasound scan, pattern of @entity4858 and orbital ultrasound findings in @entity1 with orbito- @entity2194 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of request cards, case notes and ultrasound reports of 67 @entity1 who had @entity130 to the eye and were assessed with ultrasonography over a 3-year period (between 20th January 2000 and 19th January 2003) was done. The collected data included age, sex, presenting complaint, past medical history, duration of the injury before presentation to ultrasonographic study and ultrasound findings. RESULT: Sixty-seven @entity1 were seen consisting of 54 males (83.58%) and 11 females (16.42%) with male to female ratio of 5:1. Age range was 4 to 91 years with mean age of 30.8 years. 44 @entity1 (65. 67%) had blunt @entity130 while 23 @entity1 (34.32%) had penetrating @entity130 . The causes of the @entity2194 include road traffic accidents 32 (47.76%), assaults 16 (23.88%), @entity130 10 (14. 93%), sports @entity130 5 (7.46%), and falls from heights 4 (5.92%) @entity1 . 42 @entity1 (53.73%), especially those with severe @entity130 presented late for ultrasonography. Those who made early presentation were cases of assault because of police involvement. Forty-five @entity1 (67.16%) had structurally identifiable pathology in one or both eyes. @entity1713 18 (26.87%), @entity548 17 (25.37%), traumatic @entity231 13 (19.40), @entity397 (8.96%) and posterior dislocation of the lens 6 (8.96) were the commonest abnormal sonographic findings. In 22 @entity1 (32.84%) both eyes were normal. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound scan is a useful imaging modality for examination of the globe in @entity1 with @entity2194 . Road traffic accident is the commonest cause of traumatic @entity4858 affecting the globe. @entity1713 and @entity548 are the most frequent @entity130 to the globe diagnosed by ultrasound scan. Measures to reduce road traffic accidents will have far reaching positive effect in preventing @entity1939 resulting from orbito- @entity2194 in Nigeria.

title: Ultrasonic evaluation of orbito- XXXX in Benin-City, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries', 'ocular injury']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured globe 6']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'gunshot injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular trauma']