abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between @entity729 and matrix metalloproteinases including @entity3334 and @entity1549 . METHODS: 15 @entity1 aorta specimens from autopsies were stained with HE to identify @entity730 . Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the secretion of @entity3334 and @entity1549 . RESULTS: Among the 15 aorta specimens, @entity730 was found in 10 and no @entity730 in the remaining 5. There was no significant difference in the percentage of @entity3334 positive cells between two groups, with 83.8% +/- 5.2% in calcified specimens vs 84.0% +/- 7.5% in non calcified ones. 9 of the 10 calcified aortas were positive for @entity1549 staining. Serial sections showed that the localization of positivity was in concordance with calcified regions. The 5 normal aortas were @entity1549 negative. The difference between the two groups was significant. CONCLUSION: @entity1549 secretion relates closely with @entity729 . And @entity1549 may participate in @entity460 minerali-zation in arteries. @entity3334 has no relation with @entity729 .

title: [Aortic XXXX and matrix metalloproteinases].

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['arterial calcification']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Influenza is a serious health problem in Europe. Vaccination is the only preventive measure, reducing mortality and morbidity of @entity683 in all age groups. OBJECTIVES: The authors had for aim to assess @entity683 vaccination coverage during two seasons in France, to understand the incentives and barriers to vaccination and to determine vaccination intentions for the following winter. METHODS: A random-sampling, mail-based household survey was made among non-institutionalised individuals aged 15 and over. The surveys for 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 used the same questionnaire and were subsequently pooled. Three target groups were determined for analysis: (1) @entity1 aged 65 and over; (2) @entity1 working in the medical field and (3) @entity1 aged 65 and over or working in the medical field. RESULTS: Influenza vaccination coverage in France decreased from 23.0% in 2001-2002 to 22.4% in 2002-2003. Most frequent reasons for being vaccinated were advice from the family doctor (50.8%), @entity683 considered as a serious illness (45.3%) and free vaccine (44.1%). Reasons for not being vaccinated mentioned by @entity1 who had never been vaccinated were young age (27.0%), not considering vaccination (18.9%), and not expecting to catch @entity683 (13.9%). CONCLUSION: Vaccination coverage decreased during the 2002-2003 season in comparison to the 2001-2002 season. The family doctor is the most important source of encouragement for @entity1 to be vaccinated against @entity683 . We therefore suggest that family doctors be better informed on @entity683 vaccine and the disease itself, so that they can actively inform their @entity1 on these topics.

title: [Coverage rates of XXXX vaccination in France: a population-based cross-sectional analysis of seasons 2001-2002 and 2002-2003].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: To reveal the chromosomal location of three known low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin genes in @entity3505 , we designed and used three sets of sequence-specific primers in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) on 'Chinese Spring' and its derived group 1 aneuploid nullisomic-tetrasomic stocks. Two sets proved to be chromosome specific and amplified sequences from the @entity367 -A3 and @entity367 -D3 loci, respectively. The third set was apparently composed of conserved sequences as it produced PCR products in each of the aneuploids. Two of these products were cloned, and their sequences differed from the known LMW glutenin genes at several positions. Again, primer sets specific for these sequences were designed. One set was directed to the @entity367 -A3 locus, the second set resulted in two PCR products differing in length, one of which was located on chromosome 1B and the other on 1D. Primer sets constructed for the latter two sequences were specific for the @entity367 -B3 and @entity367 -D3 loci, respectively. Hence, primer sets specific for each of the three homoeologous chromosomes of the group 1 (1A, 1B, 1D) are available. In addition, these locus-specific primers were assayed for their ability to distinguish among @entity3505 cultivars. PCR products amplified with one of the @entity367 -A3-specific primer sets showed length polymorphisms in various @entity3505 varieties. Varieties carrying the 1RS.1BL translocated chromosomes could be recognized by the absence of a PCR product when the @entity367 -B3 primer set was used. These results suggest that PCR with locus-specific primers can be useful in the molecular genetic analysis of hexaploid @entity3505 .

title: Locus-specific primers for LMW glutenin genes on each of the group 1 chromosomes of hexaploid XXXX .

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of @entity117 ( @entity117 [ @entity1281 ]) was found to improve outcome in animal models of @entity647 ( @entity647 ) or its more severe form, acute @entity649 . In @entity1 with acute @entity649 , data indicating a protective effect of @entity1281 are less convincing. We hypothesize that @entity1281 in a high dose is superior to low-dose @entity1281 in preventing @entity651 . Also, the effect on @entity651 of inhibiting platelet activation by @entity1397 was investigated. METHODS: @entity647 was induced by intranasal instillation of 10  g lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Before LPS, BALB/c @entity19 were pretreated with either high dose of @entity1281 (100  g/g intraperitoneally, low-dose @entity1281 (12.5  g/g i.p), @entity1397 (50  g/g i.p), or @entity1397 in combination with low dose of @entity1281 . Controls received vehicle or LPS without intervention. Five hours after LPS, @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) and plasma were obtained. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All treatment regimens reduced neutrophil influx in the @entity5173 compared with LPS controls (high-dose @entity1281 75%    2% [mean    SD], low-dose @entity1281 86%    3%, @entity1397 82%    1%, and low-dose @entity1281 - @entity1397 82%    3% vs. LPS control 88%    2%; P  <= 0.05). High-dose @entity1281 reduced @entity5173 levels of protein compared with LPS controls (median [interquartile range], 0.2 [15] vs. 75 [20] pg/mL; P < 0.01), to a greater extent than after low-dose @entity1281 (48 [32] pg/mL), @entity1397 (37 [23] pg/mL), or low-dose @entity1281 - @entity1397 (57 [8] pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose @entity1281 is superior to low-dose @entity1281 , @entity1397 , and to a combination of @entity1397 and low-dose @entity1281 in attenuating LPS-induced @entity651 in @entity19 , suggesting high-dose @entity1281 to be the antiplatelet therapy of choice in further research on preventing @entity647 .

title: High-dose @entity117 is superior to low-dose as well as to @entity1397 in preventing lipopolysaccharide-induced XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoalveolar lavage fluid', 'BALF']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lung injury', 'acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: Since the discovery of prion diseases, the concept has emerged that a protein could be a transmissible pathogen. As such, this transmissible pathogen agent can transfer its pathological mis-folded shape to the same but normally folded protein thus leading to the propagation of a disease. This idea is now extrapolated to several @entity16 associated with protein mis-folding and aggregation, such as @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity195 is a slowly developing @entity66 characterized by the coexistence of two types of lesions: the @entity527 and the intraneuronal @entity3072 ( @entity3072 ). @entity527 are composed of amyloid-beta peptides that derive from sequential cleavages of its precursor named amyloid protein precursor. @entity3072 are characterized by intraneuronal aggregation of abnormally modified microtubule-associated Tau proteins. A synergistic relationship between the two lesions may trigger the progression of the disease. Thus, starting in the medial temporal lobe and slowly progressing through temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex, the spreading of @entity3072 is well correlated with clinical expression of the disease and likely follows cortico-cortical neuronal circuitry. However, little is known about the mechanism driving the spatiotemporal propagation of these lesions ultimately leading to the disease. A growing number of studies suggest that @entity527 and @entity3072 are resulting from a prion-like spreading. In the present chapter, we will develop the current hypotheses regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving the development and spreading of @entity195 lesions from the window of multivesicular endosomes/bodies and exosomes.

title: Potential contribution of exosomes to the prion-like propagation of lesions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'parenchymal amyloid deposits', 'Amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dementing disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles', 'NFT']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Understanding the formation of biominerals like nacre can lead to the fabrication of more advanced biomimetic materials. Several factors are known to influence the final form of both native nacre and biomimetic synthetic variants. Two important components in @entity4959 biominerals such as nacre are the organic scaffold and the acidic proteins. Interactions between these two components may also influence final composite characteristics. In this investigation chitosan hydrogels were prepared from acidic aqueous solution using four @entity4313 as cosolvents. The addition of @entity167 enables direct modification of the network of the chitosan hydrogel (and thereby the nanometre and micrometre length-scale structure of the hydrogel). Both @entity167 -modified chitosan and subsequently reacetylated chitin scaffolds were then mineralised with a combined soaking mineralisation method in the presence of @entity3880 , the latter of which mimics the role of the acidic proteins in the native system. The effects of these structural variations of the hydrogel, induced by the presence of @entity167 during fabrication, on (1) the formation of a polyelectrolyte complex between the chitosan or chitin and the @entity3880 and (2) the subsequent polymorph and morphology of @entity4959 crystals mineralised within the hydrogel scaffold were investigated. Increasing the amount of the alcohols @entity2771 or @entity47272 led to increased disruption of the @entity3884 bonding of the hydrogel scaffold and significant changes to, or reduced formation of, the polyelectrolyte complex formed between the scaffold @entity1735 and the @entity3880 . The disruption of the polyelectrolyte complex in turn led to a loss of control over which polymorph of @entity4959 is nucleated. These results show that the physical form of the polymer scaffold in these organic/inorganic composites, and the formation of the polyelectrolyte complex play a crucial role in determining the final composite structure and the @entity4959 polymorphs and morphologies.

title: How important is polyelectrolyte complex formation in biomimetic mineralisation? Manipulation via XXXX addition.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3880 :: ('CHEBI:51133', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(acrylic acid)']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: We conducted a long-term follow-up study in @entity1 with @entity627 who were candidates for biologics treatment to evaluate the effects of biologic agents on the risk of @entity378 and the effect of prophylactic treatment on @entity378 activation. One hundred one @entity1 with @entity627 who were candidates for biologics treatment were recruited, and 57 healthy subjects were recruited as controls. Tuberculin skin test (TST) and the T-SPOT. @entity1906 test were performed for all subjects at baseline. Follow-up testing by the T-SPOT. @entity1906 assay was performed every 6 months in @entity1 with @entity627 and at 2 years of recruitment in the healthy controls. In @entity1 with @entity627 and healthy controls, the TST-positive (induration, >= 10 mm) rates were 37.6% (38/101) and 34.0% (18/53), respectively (P > 0.05), while the T-SPOT. @entity1906 -positive rates were 46.5% (47/101) and 21.1 (12/57), respectively (P = 0.0019). Fifty-two @entity1 were followed up at month 6 with a T-SPOT. @entity1906 -positive rate of 40.4%, and 49 were followed up for >= 12 months with a T-SPOT. @entity1906 -positive rate of 36.7%, with no significant difference in the positive rate at different time points including baseline (P > 0.05). Long-term follow-up revealed that conversion to T-SPOT. @entity1906 positivity occurred only in the biologics treatment group, with a positive conversion rate of 11.2% (4/38). Most importantly, no @entity9178 developed into active @entity378 during follow-up with T-SPOT. @entity1906 screening and preemptive treatment with @entity3109 . Biologics treatment appears to increase the risk of @entity378 . However, @entity378 activation could be prevented by preemptive isoniazid treatment in @entity1 with @entity9178 while receiving biologics therapy.

title: High incidence of @entity378 in XXXX and impact for chemoprophylactic prevention of @entity378 activation during biologics therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis', 'latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: @entity2800 are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized either by proliferation of one or more of the myeloid lineages ( @entity1860 ) or by clonal expansion of @entity3614 ( @entity3052 ). Over the past several years our knowledge of these @entity1583 has increased tremendously. The result is a classification that incorporates morphologic, immunophenotypic, genetic and clinical features in an attempt to define biologically and clinically relevant entities. Nevertheless, in many @entity5 subtypes the pathogenic event is still unknown. Furthermore, well-defined @entity1778 subgroups exhibit considerable heterogeneity, arousing the suspicion that several molecularly distinct subtypes might exist within the same cytogenetic category. Therefore, an ideal classification system would ultimately be based on the underlying molecular pathogenesis, but such knowledge is not yet available. However, by surveying the expression levels of thousands of genes in parallel, DNA microarrays have recently contributed to an increasingly refined molecular taxonomy of @entity74 . This powerful technology is becoming well established and has been used to diagnosis @entity5 and predict clinical outcome, to discover novel @entity5 subclasses, to gain insights into pathogenesis, and to identify new therapeutic targets. While many challenges remain ahead, genomic technologies have already demonstrated tremendous potential. We expect whole genome approaches will significantly contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and result in a refined molecular classification of @entity2800 .

title: Genomics in XXXX : an array of possibilities.

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid blasts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['Myeloid leukemias', 'myeloid leukemias']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid disorders']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['myeloid leukemias']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable, small non-coding RNAs that modulate many downstream target genes. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been detected in various body fluids and within exosomes, prompting their evaluation as candidate biomarkers of diseases, especially @entity5 . @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ) is the most common @entity5 and remains prevalent despite Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). @entity2826 is caused by @entity2826 -associated herpesvirus ( @entity16102 ), a gamma herpesvirus also associated with @entity30807 ( @entity30807 ). We sought to determine the host and viral circulating miRNAs in plasma, pleural fluid or serum from @entity1 with the @entity16102 -associated @entity5 @entity2826 and @entity30807 and from two @entity19 models of @entity2826 . Both @entity16102 -encoded miRNAs and host miRNAs, including members of the miR-17-92 cluster, were detectable within @entity1 exosomes and circulating miRNA profiles from @entity16102 @entity19 models. Further characterization revealed a subset of miRNAs that seemed to be preferentially incorporated into exosomes. Gene ontology analysis of signature exosomal miRNA targets revealed several signaling pathways that are known to be important in @entity16102 pathogenesis. Functional analysis of endothelial cells exposed to @entity1 -derived exosomes demonstrated enhanced cell migration and @entity650 secretion. This suggests that exosomes derived from @entity16102 -associated @entity5 are functional and contain a distinct subset of miRNAs. These could represent candidate biomarkers of disease and may contribute to the paracrine phenotypes that are a characteristic of @entity2826 .

title: Systemically circulating viral and tumor-derived microRNAs in @entity16102 -associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", 'KS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS-associated cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity30807 :: ('MESH:D054685', 'Disease') :: ['Primary Effusion Lymphoma', 'PEL']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: In this work, we tested whether L-type Ca(2+ )channels are involved in the increase of @entity5834 -evoked @entity2701 in frog slow muscle fibers. Simultaneous net @entity141 fluxes and changes in @entity121 were measured in the presence of @entity5834 . Isometric @entity2701 was recorded by a mechanoelectrical transducer, and net fluxes of @entity141 were measured noninvasively using ion-selective vibrating microelectrodes. We show that the timing of changes in net fluxes and @entity121 coincided, suggesting interdependence of the two processes. The effects of @entity141 channel blockers ( @entity1855 and @entity2287 ) were explored using 6 mM: @entity5834 ; both significantly reduced the action of @entity5834 on @entity2701 and on @entity460 fluxes. Both @entity5834 -evoked @entity141 leak and @entity121 were reduced by 75% in the presence of 100 microM: @entity21953 , which also caused a 92% inhibition of net @entity141 fluxes in the steady-state condition. Application of 10 microM: @entity1855 to the bath led to 30% and 52% reductions in the @entity141 leak caused by the presence of @entity5834 for the peak and steady-state values of net @entity141 fluxes, respectively. @entity1855 (10 microM): caused a 30% reduction in the maximum values of @entity5834 -evoked @entity121 . @entity15311 was a more potent inhibitor than @entity1855 . In conclusion, L-type @entity141 channels appear to play the initial role of trigger in the rather complex mechanism of slow fiber contraction, the latter process being mediated by both positive @entity141 -induced Ca(2+ )release and negative ( @entity141 removal from cytosol) feedback loops.

title: Effects of @entity1855 and @entity2287 on @entity5834 -induced contractures and XXXX fluxes in frog slow skeletal muscle fibers.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tension']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: To investigate whether distension causes bacterial translocation (BT), a @entity35 model reported earlier by us was used and to detect the presence of bacterial DNA in blood by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, the most sensitive detection method to date. In 4 groups of 4-week-old @entity35 -albino @entity35 a total of 15 animals each were included. In the 1st group (distension+gavage), 1010 @entity526 colonies were given via gavage and distension was carried out by rectal air inoculation. In the 2nd group (gavage), animals were inoculated with @entity526 and no distension was induced. The 3rd group (distension) were only distended and no bacteria were inoculated. The control group were neither distended nor inoculated with @entity526 . Blood samples were collected 3 h after manipulations and both blood cultures and PCR assays were performed. According to the PCR results BT was evident in 80% of group 1, 20% of group 2, and 33% of group 3 animals. BT was not determined in the control group. Significantly low percentages of positivity were observed in blood cultures in all groups (P < 0.05). These results confirm reports that BT occurs in the presence of distension and that PCR is a superior way of determining BT. Thus, it would be advisable to utilize PCR technology in cases where the possibility of distension exists, as early intervention might be useful before any severe clinical pathology ( @entity295 , @entity881 ) becomes evident.

title: Detection of bacterial translocation during intestinal distension in XXXX using the polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple-organ-system failure']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (HSP) are highly conserved molecules whose expression is induced in eukaryotic cells following a broad spectrum of environmental stresses. These proteins can also be expressed by virally transformed cells and @entity5 cells and are important targets for T lymphocytes. Little is known about the abundance and distribution of HSP in the normal lung, the effect of cigarette smoking on their expression, or their expression in @entity1 @entity2 . We have used monoclonal antibodies coupled with immunohistochemical and immunoelectrophoretic techniques to evaluate the distribution of four different HSP (HSP 90 kD, @entity9487 kD/constitutive, @entity1878 kD/inducible, and HSP 63 kD) in normal lung (n = 14) and @entity2 (n = 15). In lung tissue from nonsmokers (n = 7), bronchiolar epithelial cells were intensely positive for HSP 90 kD and @entity1878 kD/inducible and weakly reactive for HSP 63 kD. Most macrophages also expressed these HSP at low levels, but no other parenchymal or immune/inflammatory cells were positive. Cigarette smoking did not modify the distribution or the intensity of HSP in bronchiolar epithelial cells, and macrophages from smokers expressed similar or lower levels of these HSP. @entity5 cells from 14 of 15 @entity2 expressed one or more of the HSP. Considerable heterogeneity in the expression of HSP by cells in a given @entity5 was observed, explained in part by differences in the differentiation of the cells. Detection of HSP by immunohistochemical and immunoelectrophoretic techniques gave similar results for @entity1878 kD/inducible and HSP 90 kD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Expression of @entity1457 proteins in XXXX @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of serum adipocyte @entity844 binding protein ( @entity5548 ) level with sex hormone and lipoprotein in @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ). METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 29 out- @entity1 of @entity3610 @entity1 , aged 31 +/- 3 with a body mass index (BMI) of (26 +/- 4) kg/m2, and 14 out- @entity1 of @entity249 , aged (31 +/- 3), with a BMI of (21 +/- 2) kg/m2 as normal controls. ELISA was used to detect the serum @entity5548 . Serum prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, @entity53 , and @entity251 were assayed by chemoluminescence method. Serum @entity2671 was assayed by radioimmunity method. And @entity1674 , total @entity165 , high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer. The relations of @entity5548 with sex hormone and lipoprotein in @entity1 with @entity3610 were analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity5548 level of the @entity3610 @entity1 was (24 +/- 15) ng/ml, significantly higher than that of the controls (9 ng/ml +/- 8 ng/ml, P = 0.000). There were no significant differences in serum prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, @entity53 , and @entity251 between the 2 groups. Univariate analysis revealed that serum @entity5548 level was significantly positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.621, P = 0.000) and @entity251 (r = 0.658, P = 0.016), and significantly negatively correlated with HDL-C (r = -0.331, P = 0.030). Partial correlation analysis showed that serum @entity5548 level was significantly positively correlated with @entity251 (r = 0.507, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The increase of serum @entity5548 in the @entity3610 @entity1 may be correlated with the high @entity342 level. @entity5548 is likely to participate in the lipid metabolic.

title: [Relations of serum adipocyte @entity844 binding protein to sex hormone and lipoproteins in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the outcome of and determine prognostic factors for locally recurrent @entity189 ( @entity189 ) in @entity1 treated with a second course of radiotherapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1982 to 1995, 186 @entity189 @entity1 , who had initially been treated in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, developed local recurrence in the nasopharynx and were re-treated with RT (>/=20 Gy). The time from the initial RT to re-treatment ranged from 8 to 136 months (median: 23 months). All @entity1 were treated with external RT and conformal radiotherapy was used in 35 @entity1 after 1993. Fifteen received radiosurgery as a boost treatment. The RT dose at the @entity5 area ranged from 20 to 67.2 Gy (median 50 Gy). Eighty-two @entity1 received one to eight courses of @entity900 -based chemotherapy in addition to RT. RESULTS: The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival was 54.9, 22. 1 and 12.4%, respectively. @entity1 whose @entity5 relapsed later than 2 years after the first treatment had a better survival than those with earlier relapse (3-year survival: 30.1 vs. 10.8%; P=0.015), but the difference became insignificant in @entity1 who received >/=50 Gy. @entity1 without evidence of @entity1313 or @entity129 had better survival than those with such lesions (3-year survival: 30.9 vs. 3.7%; P=0.006). A re-treatment dose >/=50 Gy yielded better survival (3-year survival: 22.8 vs. 18.5%; P=0.003). Addition use of radiosurgery may improve survival. The use of chemotherapy did not improve survival. Conformal radiotherapy resulted in significantly fewer severe complications than conventional RT. CONCLUSIONS: A repeat course of RT for locally recurrent @entity189 successfully prolongs survival in a significant number of @entity1 . @entity1313 and/or @entity129 and re-treatment dose affect the prognosis, with a dose of >/=50 Gy significantly improving survival. Radiosurgery boost may also improve survival. Our preliminary data indicates that conformal radiotherapy may decrease the severity of radiation-induced complications. However; longer follow-up and larger sample size is necessary to document the findings.

title: Locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial invasion', 'Intracranial invasion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nasopharyngeal tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report two cases of Bazex-Dupr  -Christol syndrome in a father and daughter with divergent clinical pictures at two different ages. @entity1 AND METHODS: A 6-month-old @entity1 was seen with her parents for profuse @entity46117 which had appeared when she was 2 months old and persisted ever since. The remainder of the dermatological examination and the psychomotor development tests were normal. Dermatological examination of the father showed @entity66 with follicular punctuated @entity308 (like "ice-pick marks") on the back of the hands and the forearms. He also presented diffuse @entity3798 and hypohydrosis. In addition, he had a history of @entity1491 with surgery before the age of 35 years. Finally, questioning revealed the existence of numerous similar cases in the family. In view of all these factors, a diagnosis of Bazex-Dupr  -Christol syndrome was made. DISCUSSION: Bazex-Dupr  -Christol syndrome is a genodermatosis with X-linked dominant inheritance. Diagnosis is based on association of follicular @entity28061 , @entity3798 , hypohydrosis and early @entity1491 . Other than fragile skin and cosmetic blemishes, these @entity5 are the only complication of the disease and require regular dermatological surveillance and solar protection. Common initial signs of the disease are abnormally profuse @entity46117 in neonates that tend to persist throughout childhood. Several differential diagnoses may be evoked.

title: [Diffuse XXXX in an @entity1 indicative of Bazex-Dupr  -Christol syndrome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3798 :: ('MESH:D007039', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypotrichosis', 'hypotrichosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic cutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity28061 :: ('MESH:C537663', 'Disease') :: ['atrophoderma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity46117 :: (MESH:C562823,Disease) :: ['milia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has not been established whether off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) is less invasive than conventional CABG. In our experience, OPCABG has several advantages such as shorter operative duration, @entity393 of blood transfusion and myocardial protection compared with conventional CABG. However, frequency of postoperative paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) is similar between these techniques and early postoperative @entity1851 (CRP) levels have been shown to be significantly higher in OPCABG. We hypothesized that preoperative @entity134 administration, routinely used only in conventional CABG, may alleviate high postoperative @entity5567 and CRP levels. Therefore, a prospective, double-blind, clinical trial was conducted in OPCABG @entity1 to investigate the clinical effects of preoperative @entity134 administration. METHODS: Thirty OPCABG @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (Group C: n = 15) and @entity1667 (Group M: n = 15) groups. Group M @entity1 were intravenously administered 1000 mg @entity1667 during anesthesia induction. RESULTS: @entity204 and infectious complication such as @entity1764 were not observed in either group. Postoperative PAF occurred in 47 % (7/15) of @entity1 in group C but in only 1 @entity1 in group M (7 %, P = 0.013). Early postoperative CRP levels were significantly lower in group M than in group C (peak values on postoperative day 2: group M 15    6 mg/dL vs. group C 23    4 mg/dL; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative @entity134 administration in OPCABG @entity1 significantly suppresses CRP elevation and prevents postoperative PAF without increasing in-hospital mortality or infectious complications.

title: Clinical benefits of XXXX in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased requirement']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital death']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) affects a rapidly growing population of @entity1 . Despite improvements in the understanding and therapy of many stages of @entity65 , there has been little progress in treating @entity712 . In the late-stage disease, current options are cardiac transplantation and mechanical support--options that are limited to a small @entity1 collective. The ischemically injured failing heart lacks contractile myocardium, functional vasculature, and electrical integrity, which has made treatment of the underlying injury untenable in the past. Restoring all of these components seems an overwhelming challenge. Yet, the concept of cell therapy--tissue repair by transplantation of stem and progenitor cells--has opened new potential options for @entity1 with @entity712 . Skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow, and blood-derived stem cells have all shown considerable myogenic and angiogenic potential in vitro and have rapidly moved from bench to bedside. A number of nonrandomized, non-placebo-controlled safety and feasibility studies have been reported and now double-blinded randomized controlled trials are underway. Despite this rapid clinical pace, the exact mechanisms underlying the functional benefits of different cell types are not well understood. Instead, multiple similar mechanism have been ascribed to virtually every cell type. Thus, while the field is exciting and offers unheralded promise to treat @entity1 with CVD, we must proceed with due diligence and caution. Only a deep understanding of the benefits versus the risks, and the mechanisms involved in cell-mediated cardiac repair, will allow us to design clinically valuable tools and fulfill the potential of this exciting 21st century approach to treating @entity65 .

title: Cell therapy for XXXX --muscle, bone marrow, blood, and cardiac-derived stem cells.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: We surveyed the clinical presentation, initial management and subsequent course of a prospectively registered, population-based cohort of 230 @entity1 with Type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 diagnosed before age 21 years in the Oxford Regional Health Authority area in 1985 and 1986. Clinical details from the time of diagnosis were available on 219 @entity1 . Thirty-four (16%) were in severe @entity1270 with pH less than 7.10 or plasma @entity3157 less than 10 mmol/l, and 21 (10%) had mild to moderate @entity1270 with pH 7.10-7.35 or plasma @entity3157 10-21 mmol/l. One @entity1 died in @entity1270 . Presentation in severe @entity1270 was most common in @entity1 under age 5 years (p < 0.05), and @entity1270 of any degree was less frequent in older @entity1 (0.05 < p < 0.01) and those with a parent or sibling with @entity6 (p < 0.01). Within 4 years of diagnosis, 55 of 211 @entity1 (26%) experienced severe hypoglycaemia, which in 31 (15%) led to one or more admissions. Readmission for unstable glycaemic control excluding acute hypoglycaemia occurred at least once within 1 year of diagnosis in 13% and within 4 years in 28%, and was more common in @entity1 , in @entity1 aged less than 10 years at diagnosis, and those with a history of severe hypoglycaemia. A second cohort of 97 similar @entity1 was recruited in 1990. The rates of admission at diagnosis (79%), severe @entity1270 (13%) and mild to moderate @entity1270 (13%) did not differ from the 1985/1986 cohort.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Presentation and progress of XXXX : a prospective population-based study. The Bart's-Oxford Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['childhood diabetes mellitus']


abstract: We report a series of 11 @entity1 who developed @entity10 during intracranial endovascular procedures performed for the treatment of @entity2758 (10 cases) or @entity439 (1 case). @entity10 was precipitated either by balloon inflation (3 cases) or by embolization (8 cases), and had a very constant pattern. In all cases the @entity158 started suddenly, reaching maximum intensity at once. @entity10 was focal, unilateral, ipsilateral to the occluded artery, nonthrobbing and short-lasting (usually less than 10 minutes). It was not associated with @entity344 . @entity10 localization depended upon the catheterized artery, being constant for each of the major vascular territories. Yet, in all @entity1 @entity158 was felt in the cutaneous territory of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. The occurrence of @entity10 was not associated with cortical deficit nor cortical @entity146 (assessed both clinically and by the EEG) and therefore seems to be directly related to the stimulation of the arterial wall. This type of @entity158 can be used as a model of pure @entity17449 . Its study can contribute not only to understand the pattern of @entity1504 but also to understand or to refute the vascular components of @entity2704 .

title: Headaches during intracranial endovascular procedures: a possible model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity17449 :: ('MESH:D014653', 'Disease') :: ['vascular headache']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal, autonomic, or aura-like symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vascular innervation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches', 'Headache']

answer: @entity17449 :: (MESH:D014653,Disease) :: ['vascular headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The function of @entity22180 ( @entity22180 ) is site dependent. In tissue, @entity22180 regulates eicosanoid production; in circulation, @entity22180 primes neutrophils; and in the intestinal lumen, @entity22180 provides innate bactericidal immunity as a defensin-related protein. Since @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) primes leukocytes while suppressing intraluminal mucosal immunity, the authors hypothesized that (1) @entity3147 would diminish luminal @entity22180 activity but increase activity in intestinal tissue and serum and (2) stress would accentuate these changes. METHODS: @entity19 received chow, a @entity1681 ( @entity1681 ), @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ), or @entity3147 in experiment 1 and chow, chow+stress, @entity3147 , or @entity3147 +stress in experiment 2. RESULTS: In experiment 1, luminal @entity22180 activity was greatest in chow and decreased in @entity1681 , @entity3147 , and @entity3147 , with @entity3147 lower than @entity1681 and @entity3147 . Compared to that after chow, serum @entity22180 activity dropped after @entity1681 , @entity3147 , and @entity3147 . Serum @entity22180 was higher in portal than systemic serum. In experiment 2, @entity3147 lowered luminal @entity22180 activity vs chow. Stress lowered luminal @entity22180 activity in chow, without change in @entity3147 . Following stress, luminal immunoglobulin A increased in chow but not @entity3147 . Serum @entity22180 activity increased in @entity3147 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3147 attenuates @entity22180 activity in intestinal fluid, consistent with suppressed innate mucosal defense. Stress suppresses luminal fluid @entity22180 activity in chow but not the immunoglobulin A response; @entity3147 impairs both. Stress significantly elevates serum @entity22180 in @entity3147 -fed @entity19 , consistent with known increased neutrophil priming with @entity3147 . @entity3147 reduces innate bactericidal immunity of the gut but upregulates serum proinflammatory products poststress.

title: Route and type of nutrition and surgical stress influence @entity22180 secretion of the XXXX small intestine.

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['CED', 'complex enteral diet']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'intragastric PN', 'PN', 'IG-PN']

entities_list: @entity22180 :: ('18780(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['sPLA2', 'secretory phospholipase A2']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: We have cloned the gene HXK1 from the dimorphic @entity375 @entity10057 that encodes the unique hexokinase of this @entity375 . The gene has an intron located 39 base pairs after the A of the first ATG. The putative protein contains a sequence of 40 @entity1522 which is absent from other known hexokinase sequences. @entity10057 strains devoid of hexokinase grew in @entity413 slower than wild-type. This growth was due to the existence of a glucokinase. The hexokinase from @entity10057 substituted effectively for hexokinase II from @entity375 in catabolite repression of invertase. The hexokinases from @entity6739 or @entity11900 were much less effective in this role. The K(m) for @entity413 and @entity948 of hexokinase was 0.38 mM and 3.56 mM, respectively. The K(m) of glucokinase for @entity413 was 0.17 mM. While the hexokinase was strongly inhibited by @entity45021 (K(i)=3.6 microM), glucokinase was not affected by this compound.

title: Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene HXK1 encoding the hexokinase from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity11900 :: ('28985', 'Species') :: ['Kluyveromyces lactis']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity10057 :: ('4952', 'Species') :: ['Yarrowia lipolytica', 'Y. lipolytica']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity45021 :: ('MESH:C082722', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity10057 :: (4952,Species) :: ['Yarrowia lipolytica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigate whether differences in @entity0 survival in six high-income countries can be explained by differences in stage at diagnosis using routine data from population-based @entity5 registries. METHODS: We analysed the data on 257,362 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 during 2000-7 and registered in 13 population-based @entity5 registries in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the UK. Flexible parametric hazard models were used to estimate net survival and the excess hazard of dying from @entity0 up to 3 years after diagnosis. RESULTS: Age-standardised 3-year net survival was 87-89% in the UK and Denmark, and 91-94% in the other four countries. Stage at diagnosis was relatively advanced in Denmark: only 30% of @entity1 had @entity5 , Nodes, @entity3 (TNM) stage I disease, compared with 42-45% elsewhere. @entity1 in the UK had low survival for TNM stage III-IV disease compared with other countries. CONCLUSION: International differences in @entity0 survival are partly explained by differences in stage at diagnosis, and partly by differences in stage-specific survival. Low overall survival arises if the stage distribution is adverse (e.g. Denmark) but stage-specific survival is normal; or if the stage distribution is typical but stage-specific survival is low (e.g. UK). International differences in staging diagnostics and stage-specific @entity5 therapies should be investigated.

title: XXXX survival and stage at diagnosis in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the UK, 2000-2007: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: The estimation of @entity26 consumption and @entity544 elimination is essential for predicting the metabolic activity and needs of any @entity1 having anaesthesia. During anaesthesia @entity26 consumption can be measured and compared to a predicted value. However, @entity26 uptake is affected by anaesthetic agents, which complicates the interpretation of measured @entity26 uptake rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are any differences in respiratory gas exchange during anaesthesia with @entity4488 and @entity5161 and also to assess the effects of spontaneous versus controlled ventilation. METHODS. Forty orthopedic @entity1 were randomized to @entity4488 or @entity5161 anaesthesia in nitrous @entity8369 with either spontaneous or controlled ventilation. A fresh low-gas-flow technique was used. Inspiratory @entity26 and end-tidal @entity544 concentrations and expiratory minute ventilation were measured in a circle absorber system between the y-piece and the endotracheal tube with a sampling analyser. Between the mixing box and the absorption canister, @entity544 concentration was continuously measured. The @entity544 elimination was calculated from mixed expired concentration and expiratory minute ventilation. Excess gas was collected every 10 min in a non-permeable mylar plastic bag connected to the excess valve. The excess gas flow was calculated and the @entity26 uptake rate was assumed to be the difference between the @entity26 fresh gas flow and the @entity26 excess gas flow. RESULTS. The grand mean @entity26 uptake rate was 2.5 ml.kg-1 x @entity1009 or 100 ml. @entity1009 x m-2. There were no statistically significant differences in @entity26 uptake between @entity4488 and @entity5161 anaesthesia or between spontaneous and controlled ventilation. The mean @entity26 uptake rate at 10 min was between 2.0 and 2.2 ml.kg-1 x @entity1009 in all groups. At 30 min the mean @entity26 uptake rates were 2.6 to 2.8 ml.kg-1 x @entity1009 . @entity544 elimination was closely associated with expired minute ventilation, with a @entity544 excretion of about 30 ml per litre gas exhaled, irrespective of ventilatory mode employed.

title: [Respiratory gas exchange. Anesthesia with @entity4488 or XXXX in nitrous oxide during spontaneous and controlled ventilation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide', 'Carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper reports prevalences, sociodemographic correlates and @entity146 co-morbidity of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) among adolescents in Taiwan. METHODS: A random sample of ninth grade students (N = 774) was selected from an urban, a suburban and a rural community. Two-stage case identification was employed with a brief screening tool and a modified Chinese version of the Kiddie-SADS conducted by @entity1 psychiatrists. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of any SUD was 11.0%, with @entity1239 (96.0%) as the most prevalent substance. The prevalences of @entity734 were significantly higher in @entity1 , rural community and classes with poor academic performance. Sixty-two per cent of all SUD cases suffered from other concurrent @entity146 . The most common co-morbid conditions were @entity9054 , attention @entity71 and @entity1316 . CONCLUSIONS: High prevalences of @entity734 were found among adolescent school @entity1 in Taiwan. Effects of urbanization, selective migration and the availability of substances are possible explanations for the urban-rural difference on the risk for @entity734 . Psychiatric co-morbid conditions for SUD among adolescents in Taiwan were similar to those in Western societies.

title: Substance use disorders among adolescents in Taiwan: prevalence, sociodemographic correlates and XXXX co-morbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['SUDs', 'substance use disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: In the past few years, the use of microwave energy to heat chemical reactions has become an increasingly popular theme in the scientific community. This nonclassical heating technique has slowly progressed from a laboratory curiosity to an established method commonly used both in academia and in industry. Because of its efficiency, microwave heating dramatically reduces reaction times (from days and hours to minutes and seconds) and improves product purities or material properties among other advantages. Since the early days of microwave chemistry, researchers have observed rate-accelerations and, in some cases, altered product distributions as compared with reactions carried out using classical oil-bath heating. As a result, researchers have speculated that so-called specific or nonthermal microwave effects could be responsible for these differences. Much of the debate has centered on the question of whether the electromagnetic field can exert a direct influence on a chemical transformation outside of the simple macroscopic change in bulk reaction temperature. In 2009, our group developed a relatively simple "trick" that allows us to rapidly evaluate whether an observed effect seen in a microwave-assisted reaction results from a purely thermal phenomenon, or involves specific or nonthermal microwave effects. We use a microwave reaction vessel made from @entity12957 ( @entity12958 ) ceramic. Because of its high microwave absorptivity, the vessel shields its contents from the electromagnetic field. As a result, we can easily mimic a conventionally heated autoclave experiment inside a microwave reactor under carefully controlled reaction conditions. The switch from an almost microwave transparent glass (Pyrex) to a strongly microwave absorbing @entity12958 reaction vial under otherwise identical reaction conditions (temperature profiles, pressure, stirring speed) then allows us to carefully evaluate the influence of the electromagnetic field on the particular chemical transformation. Over the past five years we have subjected a wide variety of chemical transformations, including organic reactions, preparations of inorganic nanoparticles, and the hydrolysis of proteins, to the " @entity12958 test." In nearly all of the studied examples, we obtained identical results from reactions carried out in Pyrex vials and those carried out in @entity12958 vials. The data obtained from these investigations confirm that in the overwhelming majority of cases a bulk temperature phenomenon drives the enhancements in microwave chemistry and that the electromagnetic field has no direct influence on the reaction pathway.

title: Unraveling the mysteries of microwave chemistry using XXXX reactor technology.

entities_list: @entity12957 :: ('MESH:C022088', 'Chemical') :: ['silicon carbide']

answer: @entity12957 :: (MESH:C022088,Chemical) :: ['silicon carbide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore the value of transplanting peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells from allogenic @entity95 (rPBMSCs) to treat @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: rPBMSCs were separated/cultured from peripheral blood after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilization. Afterwards, mobilized rPBMSCs from a second passage labeled with @entity13214 were transplanted into @entity95 ONFH models, which were established by liquid @entity1568 freezing, to observe the effect of rPBMSCs on ONFH repair. Then, the mRNA expressions of @entity9040 and @entity22511 -y in the femoral head were assessed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: After mobilization, the cultured rPBMSCs expressed mesenchymal markers of CD90, @entity22524 , CD29, and CD105, but failed to express CD45, @entity32073 , and @entity100 . The colony forming efficiency of mobilized rPBMSCs ranged from 2.8 to 10.8 per million peripheral mononuclear cells. After local transplantation, survival of the engrafted cells reached at least 8 weeks. Therein, @entity9040 was up-regulated, while @entity22511 -y mRNA was down-regulated. Additionally, bone density and bone trabeculae tended to increase gradually. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that local transplantation of rPBMSCs benefits ONFH treatment and that the beneficial effects are related to the up-regulation of @entity9040 expression and the down-regulation of @entity22511 -y expression.

title: Preclinical Study of Cell Therapy for XXXX of the Femoral Head with Allogenic Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Osteonecrosis']


abstract: The Fas ( @entity1197 / @entity1197 ) system regulates a number of physiological and pathological processes of cell death. The ligand for Fas induces apoptosis by interacting with a transmembrane cell surface Fas receptor. The key role of the Fas system has been studied mostly in the immune system, but Fas mutations, one of the possible mechanisms for resistance to apoptosis signaling, may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-lymphoid @entity5 as well. To better understand the potential involvement of Fas system in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) we evaluated Fas and @entity12 mRNA expression by polymerase chain reaction in 102 @entity5 samples and in 44 normal surrounding tissues. Although over 60% of the @entity1 @entity1149 analysed expressed both genes, they seem to be unable to induce apoptosis in vivo by autocrine suicide. In this regard, we investigated in 79 cases, the promoter and the entire coding region of the Fas gene by polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing for detecting putative alterations. Sixteen @entity5 (20.25 %) were found to have Fas alterations, in promoter and/or exon region. In all cases samples carried heterozygous alterations and mostly showed simultaneous mutations of @entity876 gene. Moreover, the quantitative analysis of Fas mRNA expression showed high levels of Fas messenger associated with @entity876 wild-type status alone. Taken together, these findings point to an involvement of Fas/ @entity12 system in the development of @entity1149 , suggesting that the loss of its apoptotic function might be linked to @entity876 alterations which contribute to the self-maintenance of @entity5 cells.

title: Alterations of Fas ( XXXX / @entity1197 ) gene and its relationship with @entity876 in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1197 :: (355,Gene) :: ['APO-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the effect of a beta2-agonist is additive with that of a @entity6954 leukotriene 1 receptor antagonist. OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to answer the question of whether combined administration of inhaled @entity10453 and oral @entity22398 at the standard doses would result in greater bronchodilation in @entity1 with chronic airway obstruction than the use of either drug alone. METHODS: The study was performed using a double-blind, double-dummy, crossover, randomised design, and was conducted on 4 non-consecutive days. Sixteen @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and 10 non-smoker @entity748 @entity1 received 40 mg of oral @entity22398 , 50 microg of inhaled @entity10453 , 50 microg of inhaled @entity10453 plus 40 mg of oral @entity22398 of placebo. Lung function was assessed before drug administration and 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min thereafter. At the end of the 4-hour period, each @entity1 received 400 microg of inhaled @entity3045 and spirometric testing was performed 30 min later. RESULTS: In both @entity748 and @entity1030 @entity1 , the overall effect of @entity10453 and @entity22398 on the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was considered extremely significant (p < 0.0001), with a maximum bronchodilation above baseline after 180 min (20.7 and 11.0%, respectively) in asthmatics and after 2 h (21.7 and 11.2%, respectively) in @entity1030 subjects. @entity22398 did not produce any further significant acute bronchodilation in addition to that achieved with @entity10453 alone in either @entity748 or @entity1030 @entity1 . Nevertheless, 7 out of 16 @entity1030 @entity1 and 7 out of 10 @entity748 @entity1 had a further improvement after the combination of @entity10453 and @entity22398 . The mean difference in pre- and post- @entity3045 FEV1 values in both @entity748 and @entity1030 @entity1 after @entity22398 was significant (p < 0.05), but that after @entity10453 and the combination of the two drugs was not significant (p > 0.05). The difference between placebo and @entity22398 was not significant following inhaled @entity3045 given 4 h after each treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity10453 and @entity22398 induced a significant increase in FEV1, although @entity10453 elicited a greater improvement in both @entity748 and @entity1030 @entity1 . Apparently, @entity22398 at the clinically recommended dose did not produce any further significant acute bronchodilation in addition to that achieved with @entity10453 alone, either in @entity565 or @entity1030 . In any case, evaluation of the effect of the combination over a 12-hour period is mandatory.

title: Comparison of the bronchodilating effect of @entity10453 and XXXX in combination with that of their use as single treatments in @entity565 and @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity22398 :: ('MESH:C062735', 'Chemical') :: ['zafirlukast', 'Zafirlukast']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity6954 :: ('CHEBI:23511', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl']

answer: @entity22398 :: (MESH:C062735,Chemical) :: ['zafirlukast']


abstract: Female sex hormones have long been suspected to have an effect on mast cell (MC) behavior. This assumption is based on the expression of hormone receptors in MCs as well as on the fact that many MC-related pathophysiological alterations have a different prevalence in females than in males. Further, serum IgE levels are much higher in allergic female @entity19 compared to male @entity19 . Ovariectomized @entity35 developed less airway @entity32 compared to sham controls. Following @entity172 replacement ovariectomized @entity35 re-established airway @entity32 levels' found in intact females. In @entity1 , a much higher @entity565 prevalence was found in @entity1 at reproductive age as compared to men. Serum levels of @entity53 and @entity1420 have been directly correlated with the clinical and functional features of @entity565 . Around 30-40% of @entity1 who have @entity565 experienced worsening of their symptoms during the perimenstrual phase, the so-called perimenstrual @entity565 . Postmenopausal @entity1 receiving hormone replacement therapy have an increased risk of new onset of @entity565 . Beside, estrus cycle dependent changes on female sex hormones are related to changes on MC number in @entity19 uterine tissue and @entity53 and @entity1420 were shown to induce uterine MC maturation and degranulation. We will discuss here the currently available information concerning the role of these female sex hormones on MC behavior.

title: Role of female sex hormones, @entity53 and XXXX , in mast cell behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1342 is a new local anaesthetic available for spinal and epidural anaesthesia. When new drugs are being introduced for spinal application, their effect on @entity602 ( @entity602 ) should be studied for safety and toxicological aspects. In the present study, @entity602 was studied after intrathecal (i.t.) application of @entity1342 and @entity1341 with and without @entity1425 . METHOD: @entity602 was measured continuously in spontaneously breathing, @entity4488 / @entity3727 anaesthetized @entity35 , using laser-Doppler flowmetry technique. The spinal cord was exposed by laminectomy at the L1-L2 level, and a laser-Doppler probe was placed over the dorsal horn, allowing on-line registration of @entity602 in a tissue hemisphere of 1-2 mm. Relative changes in @entity602 were then measured on-line after i.t. administration of increasing doses of @entity1342 , @entity1341 or @entity1341 with @entity1425 . RESULTS: @entity1342 and @entity1341 decreased @entity602 in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the reduction in @entity602 produced by @entity1341 + @entity1425 (Bupi + Epi) was equal for all doses of @entity1341 . The order of magnitude of @entity602 decreases was Bupi + Epi > @entity1342 > @entity1341 . The maximal decrease in @entity602 at the highest concentration given (10 mg/ml) was 37 +/- 6% for @entity1342 , 27 +/- 7% for @entity1341 and 40 +/- 6% for @entity1341 + @entity1425 . CONCLUSION: @entity1342 and @entity1341 produce a dose-related, transient decrease in @entity602 following i.t. administration in anaesthetized @entity35 . However, the decrease in @entity602 produced by both @entity1342 , when @entity1425 was added in a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml. These results suggest that @entity1342 , like @entity1341 , may be used for spinal anaesthesia without important effects on @entity602 .

title: Spinal cord blood flow after intrathecal injection of @entity1342 and @entity1341 with or without @entity1425 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['SCBF', 'spinal cord blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine', 'Ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with screen detected @entity0 tend to have small, non-palpable @entity5 with favourable characteristics for breast conserving surgery (BCS). The aims of this study were to analyse patterns in surgical management in @entity1 with screen detected @entity0 and to determine factors predictive of the need for a re-operation after BCS (re-excision or secondary mastectomy). METHODS: @entity1 data were retrieved from the population based Eindhoven Cancer Registry, which covers 14 hospitals in de south of the Netherlands. Data of @entity1 aged 50-74 years, diagnosed with operable, invasive, non-metastasised, T1 or T2 @entity5 in the period from 1999 to 2005 were linked to the @entity1 recorded by the Dutch Breast Screening Organisation to identify the screen-detected @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 5657 @entity1 were diagnosed with early stage invasive @entity0 . In 2822 of the 5657 @entity1 (50%) @entity0 was detected by screening. Eighty percent of the screen-detected @entity0 was smaller than 2 cm. Of all 2822 @entity1 with screen-detected @entity5 82% underwent primary BCS. From 1999 until 2006 the percentage of re-excisions after this primary BCS decreased from 14% to 8% and the percentage of secondary mastectomies decreased from 23% to 8%. Primary BCS rates ranged from 64% to 93% between the 14 hospitals. Multivariable analyses showed that @entity5 size >2 cm, lobular histology, @entity5 involvement and poor differentiation of the @entity5 were associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of re-operation after BCS. CONCLUSION: The need for a second operation after breast conserving surgery in @entity1 with screen-detected @entity0 has decreased significantly in the southern Netherlands since 1999. However, considerable variation in surgical approach and re-operation rate between hospitals was observed.

title: Patterns and determinants of surgical management of screen detected XXXX in the South-East Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'axillary nodal tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is the only curative treatment of @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ). However, the prognosis of @entity1125 remains unsatisfactory. The aim of this study is to evaluate the benefits of adjuvant @entity136 chemotherapy for @entity1125 . METHODS: We performed a historical cohort study that involved 198 @entity1 who underwent R0 surgical resection. @entity1 who underwent major hepatectomy were administered biweekly intravenous @entity136 at a dose of 800 mg/m(2). Otherwise, @entity1 were administered intravenous @entity136 at a dose of 1,000 mg/m(2) in 3 weekly infusions, which were followed by a 1-week pause. The primary outcome was overall survival. The hazard ratio (HR) of adjuvant chemotherapy was estimated by propensity score-stratified Cox regression that was adjusted for confounders. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. The HR of adjuvant chemotherapy was 0.47 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.28-0.95; P = 0.03]. Subgroup analysis showed that the survival benefits were possibly modified by lymph node positivity (HR 0.19; 95 % CI 0.07-0.58; interaction, P = 0.22), stage III (HR 0.11; 95 % CI 0.02-0.50; interaction, P < 0.01), @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) (HR 0.09; 95 % CI 0.01-0.67; interaction, P = 0.05), and poorly differentiated @entity5 (HR 0.16; 95 % CI 0.03-0.85; interaction, P = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant @entity136 chemotherapy for @entity1125 may be effective, particularly for @entity1 with stage III and @entity1419 .

title: A single-center analysis of the survival benefits of adjuvant XXXX chemotherapy for @entity1125 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer', 'BTC']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Data are lacking to support percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) tube placement in advanced @entity303 , yet it is common, especially in the southeast United States and in African Americans. In a cross-sectional survey, we examine whether physicians recommend @entity970 placement more for African American than Caucasian @entity1 and identify physician characteristics related to recommendation for @entity970 . METHODS: We randomly assigned two versions, varying only by race, of a case @entity1 with advanced @entity303 to all internal and family medicine physicians in the North Carolina Medical Society. Respondents gave recommendations regarding @entity970 tube feeding and demographic data including their race, age, gender, and specialty. We analyzed data using logistic regression, controlling for physician characteristics that were statistically significant in chi(2) analyses. RESULTS: Of 2058 physicians, 53% (n = 1,083) responded. Of 981 responses with complete data, 18.0% recommended @entity970 , 80.0% recommended against @entity970 or made no recommendation. Recommendations for @entity970 did not differ significantly by race of the case @entity1 (Caucasian = 16.4% versus African American = 19.6%). Fewer recommendations for @entity970 tube placement were made by Caucasian (13.0% versus Asian 54.3% and African American 40.0%; p < 0.001) and internal medicine and geriatrics physicians (13.8% and 9.1% versus family medicine 23.4%; p = 0.001). Of African American physicians, 51.4% recommended @entity970 for African American @entity1 and 24.0% for the Caucasian @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this survey, recommendation for @entity970 tube feeding differed significantly by physician race and specialty, and not by race of the case @entity1 . Additional research is needed to measure whether real-life treatment recommendations vary by physician race, physician- @entity1 race concordance and physician specialty.

title: Influence of XXXX and physician characteristics on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube decision-making.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed in 20 @entity1 with pontine @entity1188 who had initially some degree of @entity1269 . Only @entity1 with a well defined lesion on magnetic resonance imaging that was appropriate for the neurological signs were included. Recordings were made from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle (APB) bilaterally. The degree of hand paresis was estimated clinically and related to the following parameters: @entity713 ( @entity713 ), interside latency difference of total latency, and amplitude ratio of affected to unaffected side. Increasing degree of paresis was associated with increasing latency parameters and decreasing amplitude ratio. In the four @entity1 with severe paresis a low amplitude response could be evoked and @entity713 was delayed by up to 10 ms. When the paresis had resolved at the time of transcranial magnetic stimulation @entity713 was normal. However, amplitude ratio was less than 100% in all but one @entity1 , with most of the values ranging between 40% and 60%, which indicates a subclinical @entity75 . Median nerve sensory evoked potentials (SEP) and related interside latency difference to amplitude ratio N20/ @entity4667 were also recorded. In contrast to TCMS, decreased amplitude ratio of SEP was not associated with delayed latency. Clinically, the mild degree of and good recovery from paresis in ventral pontine @entity1188 was remarkable.

title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation in pontine XXXX : correlation to degree of paresis.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['CMCT', 'central motor conduction time']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal tract lesion']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to relate the symptoms attributed to motor-sensitive @entity3949 to the findings in the exploration of osteo-tendinous reflexes and vibrative sensibility. DESIGN: We carried out an observation prospective study of a crossover type, where the method of selection was simple random. SETTING: The study was performed in the Carranque Health Centre, M  laga. @entity1 : The sample consisted of those @entity1 with @entity2175 and over 40 when first recorded, who were seen by one of five general medical practices over a one-year period. There were 120 in all. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Average age was 65.7 (SD = 9.5). There were 47 @entity1 and 73 @entity1 . Paraesthesia was reported in 40 cases (33.3%), muscular @entity2473 in 41 (34.1%) and @entity158 in 31 (25.8%). The findings were: lack of Achilles reflex in 65 cases (54.1%) and vibrative anaesthesia in 55 cases (45.8%). Lack of Achilles reflex showed a statistically significant association with nocturnal muscular @entity2473 (p = 0.04) and vibrative anaesthesia (p = 0.001). Vibrative anaesthesia showed a prevalence which was directly proportional to age (p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that lack of Achilles reflex and vibrative anaesthesia in @entity6 @entity1 are good indicators of the existence of motor-sensitive @entity305 , although vibrative anaesthesia was found to be related to other factors such as age.

title: [Distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy in type-2 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['Polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses are involved in the defence against @entity683 . In @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ), antibody responses to @entity683 vaccination appear to be similar to those in healthy controls, but cell-mediated responses have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cell-mediated responses to @entity683 vaccination in @entity2883 vary from those in controls. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity2883 and healthy controls received subunit @entity683 vaccine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained before and 1 month after vaccination. Cell-mediated responses to A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 were assessed using @entity379 ( @entity379 ) ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining for @entity379 , tumour @entity39 factor and @entity1199 . RESULTS: Before vaccination, @entity1 and controls showed similar recall responses to A/H1N1 and A/H3N2. After vaccination, @entity1 and controls showed similar levels of increase in spot-forming cells against A/H1N1 and A/H3N2. By flow cytometry, upon vaccination, proportions of cytokine-producing CD4 T cells increased in @entity1 and controls for A/H1N1 and A/H3N2. CONCLUSIONS: Cell-mediated responses to @entity683 vaccination in @entity1 with @entity2883 are comparable to those in healthy controls.

title: Cell-mediated immune responses to @entity683 vaccination in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN gamma', 'interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis"]

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: Inflammatory cells invading islets are thought to be mediators of islet destruction in spontaneous @entity12011 . Thus methods were developed to isolate and characterize in situ islet inflammatory cells from 75-95-day-old @entity5710 and diabetic BB @entity35 . Islet inflammatory cells were structurally examined using single- and double-colour flow cytometry. Functional studies consisted of cytolytic assays using normal @entity35 islet target cells and in situ islet or spleen effector cells. Structural data reveal natural killer cells to be the major cell population (70%) of total immune cells present in inflamed islets during @entity5710 . At @entity6 onset, the natural killer cell population remained at a high level (47%), but an increasing population of T cells (40%) was noted also. Analyses of T-cell subsets before and after @entity6 onset revealed @entity11264 + T cells as predominant (50-55% of total T cells) with double-negative ( @entity11264 -CD8-) T cells (25-30%) and CD8+ T cells (15-20%) also present in significant quantities. Activated T cells accounted only for a minority of T cells (< 3%). Functional studies indicate that in situ islet-derived cytolytic effector cells are more potent killers (ten-fold) of normal islet target cells than are splenic effector cells. These data suggest that in situ islet inflammatory cells (a) can be quantitatively studied both structurally and functionally; (b) express structural phenotypes differing substantially from splenic mononuclear cell populations; (c) are considerably more cytolytic than splenic effectors; and (d) should prove informative in determining the most significant autoimmune functional events prior to and during islet beta-cell destruction.

title: Quantitative phenotypic and functional analyses of islet immune cells before and after XXXX onset in the BB @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12011 :: ('MESH:C565730', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes', 'prediabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: In a significant number of @entity1 developing @entity302 in adult life, the aetiology of their @entity410 remains unclear. Antibodies directed against the voltage gated @entity972 channel complex (VGKC Ab) have been identified in various cohorts of @entity1 with @entity302 , although the role of these antibodies in @entity302 pathogenesis is not fully known. METHOD: We reviewed the notes of 144 @entity1 with unexplained adult onset @entity302 who had been tested for VGKC Abs. We collected data on their clinical syndrome, investigation results and response to treatment. RESULTS: We identified 6 (4.2%) @entity1 who had titres of >400 pM. One of the six @entity1 was positive for @entity30938 and another for @entity32274 subunit antibodies. All @entity1 were given immunotherapy and experienced improvement in @entity410 control. No @entity1 had the clinical syndrome of @entity14204 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with otherwise unexplained @entity302 and positive VGKC Abs are a heterogeneous group. In our cohort there was an overall favourable response to immunotherapy but further prospective studies are needed to determine the significance of these antibodies and the optimum treatment regimen for @entity1 .

title: VGKC complex antibodies in XXXX : diagnostic yield and therapeutic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['limbic encephalitis']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: A pilot study was conducted to evaluate safety and activity of nonmyeloablative allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and to determine whether a T-cell response to a @entity5 -associated antigen ( @entity2796 ) was induced. Fifteen @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 underwent @entity8 from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched siblings after a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen. All @entity1 engrafted with a median donor T-cell chimerism of 72% at day +56. Eight @entity1 experienced grades II to IV @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Despite progressive disease before @entity8 , partial remission and disease stabilization longer than 90 days were observed in 1 and 3 @entity1 , respectively. Induction of TAA-specific T cells was evaluated with a @entity787 ( @entity787 )-specific HLA-A(*)0201 pentamer in 6 @entity1 with @entity14 . @entity787 -specific CD8(+) T cells were detected in 3 of 3 @entity1 concomitant with GHVD onset, but not in 3 of 3 @entity1 without @entity2132 . They were also not detected in 9 of 9 control @entity1 with @entity2132 who received transplants for diagnoses other than @entity14 . Antitumor activity of @entity787 -specific T cells was also validated in vitro. In one @entity1 , the induction of @entity787 -specific T cells was associated with a decrease of serum @entity787 levels and a partial response. Thus, graft-versus-host reactions associated with allogeneic @entity8 can trigger the generation of T cells specific for @entity787 , and this may be associated with a clinical response.

title: Allogeneic nonmyeloablative @entity8 in metastatic colon cancer: @entity5 -specific T cells directed to a XXXX -associated antigen are generated in vivo during @entity2132 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HCT', 'hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The Cnidarian, hydra, lends itself to studies related to the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in development because of its high regenerative capacity and its simple structure, which is organized as an epithelial bilayer with an intervening ECM termed the mesoglea. Previous immunocytochemical and biochemical studies have established that hydra mesoglea contains many of the major matrix components (e.g., fibronectin, laminin, type IV collagen, and heparan @entity597 proteoglycan) associated with the ECM of vertebrate and more complex invertebrate species. Additional studies have also established that ECM components have a critical role in hydra development as monitored during head regeneration and morphogenesis of hydra cell aggregates. In the present study a monoclonal antibody (mAb52) raised to isolated hydra mesoglea was used as a probe in additional functional studies and to screen a cDNA expression library made from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from @entity6248 . Immunofluorescent analysis indicated that mAb52 was localized along the entire @entity1127 in what is termed the subepithelial zones of hydra mesoglea. Cytochemical studies found these subepithelial zones to be rich in anionic sites. Previous studies have shown that mAb52 blocks hydra cell aggregate development and experiments in the current study have shown that mAb52 also blocks in vivo interstitial cell (I-cell) migration in hydra grafts. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones isolated using mAb52 indicated that the protein encoded by these clones had structural homology with @entity1 and @entity238 laminin B1 chain and hybridized to a single 6.75-kb band on Northern blots of total hydra RNA. One interesting difference in hydra laminin B1 was the presence of a FTGTQ @entity535 sequence in place of the vertebrate YIGSR cell binding domain. Under nonreducing conditions, polyclonal antibodies against FTGTQ bound to the same > 200-kDa band on Western blots of mesoglea as mAb52 and also immunolocalized to the subepithelial zones. Under reducing conditions, anti-FTGTQ antibodies bound to a single band with a mass of approximately 200 kDa. In addition, FTGTQ peptide inhibited adhesion of dissociated hydra cells to mesoglea and anti-FTGTQ antibodies inhibited hydra cell binding to substrates coated with mesoglea or FTGTQ peptide. Anti-FTGTQ antibodies also inhibited in vivo I-cell migration in hydra grafts. Given the early divergence of Cnidarians during evolution, these studies indicate the highly conserved nature of laminin and provide additional information regarding the critical role of ECM components during hydra development.

title: Cloning and biological function of laminin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal axis of adult polyps']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity6248 :: ('MESH:D016112', 'Disease') :: ['Hydra vulgaris']

answer: @entity6248 :: (MESH:D016112,Disease) :: ['Hydra vulgaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although immigration and @entity5 care are two frequently discussed topics in healthcare, the combination of both has seldom been done. Little is known about how immigrant @entity1 experience having @entity5 in a foreign country. The aim of the study is to gain deeper insight into the meaning of having @entity5 , in a foreign country and to identify the expectations and experiences of immigrant @entity1 confronted with this disease. METHODS: Thirty adult non-western immigrant @entity5 @entity1 were interviewed by means of an in-depth interview technique. The technique of constant comparison, derived from the constructivist grounded theory, was used to analyze the data from the interviews. RESULTS: Having @entity5 is a @entity1 experience, regardless of one's country of origin. @entity1 show universal reactions and reaction patterns when confronted with @entity5 and dealing with @entity5 treatment. Immigrant @entity1 experience specific obstacles when dealing with @entity5 , of which the language barrier is the most important. A general lack of accurate basic knowledge about health and disease was found, making certain @entity1 more vulnerable. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: When dealing with @entity5 , immigrant @entity1 are confronted with two major obstacles: a language barrier and a lack of knowledge about health and disease. The implications for a better practice occur on three levels: empowering @entity1 , training healthcare professionals and adapting policy.

title: Having XXXX in a foreign country.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'Patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes implicated in @entity5 progression and @entity3 . We sought to determine the role of epithelial ( @entity5 cell-derived) and stromal (host-derived) expression of MMPs in predicting the clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity43 ( @entity43 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1476 , @entity1495 , and @entity1551 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in 90 invasive EOCs, and samples were scored for epithelial and stromal staining. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: High expression of @entity1476 , @entity1495 , and @entity1551 in @entity5 epithelium was detected in 54%, 97%, and 100% of cases, and in stromal compartments, in 38%, 70%, and 38% of cases, respectively. High stromal expression of @entity1476 , @entity1495 , and @entity1551 was significantly associated with aggressive features such as high stage, high grade ascites, and positive lymph node status. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high epithelial and stromal expression of @entity1476 , @entity1495 , and @entity1551 were each significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival (DSS; P < 0.01). On tree-structured survival analysis, @entity1 with strong epithelial @entity1551 expression had the shortest DSS, whereas @entity1 with moderate epithelial @entity1551 and low stromal @entity1495 expression had the longest DSS (P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, high stromal expression of @entity1495 (P = 0.01) and @entity1551 (P = 0.04), strong epithelial @entity1551 (P = 0.01) and high stage (P = 0.04) were independent predictors of poor DSS. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of stromal @entity1495 and @entity1551 is independently associated with shorter DSS in @entity43 . Thus, host-derived MMPs are valuable predictors of clinical outcome in @entity43 .

title: The clinical relevance of stromal matrix metalloproteinase expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Periods of chronic undernutrition and short periods of fasting suppress pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and upregulate hypothalamic @entity10969 ( @entity10969 ), the orexigenic peptide. The effect of suppression of @entity10969 upregulation with @entity5392 ( @entity5392 ), a cytokine, and leptin, an adipocyte hormone, on pituitary LH secretion was evaluated in fasted @entity35 . In the first experiment, daily injection of @entity5392 (0.2 nmol) intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) for 4 days drastically reduced food intake and body weight gain similar to the @entity353 seen in pair-fed @entity35 . @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) also decreased body weight. Despite @entity393 in body weight, plasma LH was reduced in @entity1949 and pair-fed @entity35 , but not in @entity5392 -treated @entity35 . In the second experiment, @entity1949 @entity35 received either control vehicle, @entity5392 (0.2 nmol) or leptin (0.2 nmol) daily for 4 days. @entity1949 increased steady state levels of preproNPY mRNA in the hypothalamus over the control freely-fed @entity35 . However, both @entity5392 and leptin suppressed hypothalamic gene expression and significantly attenuated LH suppression in response to @entity1949 . Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the upregulation of hypothalamic @entity10969 system may underlie diminution in pituitary gonadotropin secretion and that the NPYergic pathway may serve as a communication bridge between the neural processes that regulate reproduction and those that maintain energy balance.

title: Leptin and @entity5392 ( @entity5392 ) inhibit fasting-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone release in @entity35 : role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['FD', 'Food deprivation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['drastic loss']

entities_list: @entity5392 :: ('25707(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ciliary neurotropic factor', 'CNTF']

answer: @entity10969 :: (24604(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['neuropeptide Y']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Intradural-extramedullary @entity5 and extradural @entity421 are both rare entities. Only one case of primary @entity4097 of the spine has been previously reported. This is the second reported case. PURPOSE: To describe a case of primary @entity4097 of the spine associated with rapid clinical deterioration. STUDY DESIGN: Case report of a 70-year-old @entity1 who presented with a constellation of neurologic symptoms. METHODS: Review of @entity1 files, radiographic studies, surgical images, histopathology, and relevant literature. RESULTS: The @entity1 underwent @entity5 debulking but exhibited rapid, @entity810 and died within 6 weeks. This case and the only previous case of its kind both occurred in individuals with a remote history of iophendylate (Myodil) myelogram. CONCLUSIONS: Primary intradural-extramedullary extraosseous @entity421 of the spine is an exceedingly rare entity with no established management approach. Iophendylate myelography may be implicated in the etiology of this @entity5 type.

title: A case of XXXX of the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['postsurgical, functional deterioration']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['intradural-extramedullary osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['intradural osteosarcoma']