abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the specialty training and responsibilities of urban U.S. @entity341 ( @entity341 ) medical directors how these factors relate to the type of service involved (fire, hospital, private, municipal). METHODS: A single mailed survey of training officers--field supervisors of 211 urban @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) services in the United States. The survey also requested information about medications carried, approved procedures. and who set these standards. Respondents also rated the @entity341 medical director's involvement in various activities (quality assurance, administrative, executive, run reviews, and in-service/education). RESULTS: Eighty-five percent (n = 179) of the forms were returned. with 165 (78%) usable. The physician @entity341 medical directors were primarily trained in emergency medicine (77%) and were paiid (75%) for @entity341 responsibilities. The number of medications carried and the number of approved procedures were not related to either the number of hours the physicians commit weekly to the @entity341 service or their degree of involvement in @entity1442 activities. The physician @entity341 medical directors were most often involved in quality assurance and education and were less likely to devote time to executive or other administrative functions of @entity1442 units, with the exception of fire-based @entity341 physician medical directors, who contributed significantly to executive and administrative functions (p < 0.05). Overall practice standards were established by the medical director (46%), the state department of health (24%), and local/regional health authorities (23%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity341 training officers believe that urban @entity1442 medical directors in the United States primarily provide quality assurance and educational support. With the exception of fire-based @entity341 systems. physicians appear to have limited involvement in other @entity341 administrative and executive functions.

title: Physician medical direction and XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['EMS', 'emergency medical service']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced life support', 'ALS']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['advanced life support']


abstract: For the treatment of @entity788 , pancreatoduodenectomy is followed by the intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). The present dose adopted ranged 20 to 30 Gy, however the dose is believed to be insufficient for local control of @entity420 cells. In this study, high dose IORT was performed using @entity95 , so histological and nutritional changes were evaluated. @entity95 were divided in three groups; 30 Gy, 50 Gy, 80 Gy. The radiation was performed with electrons focusing base of cranial mesenteric artery ( @entity11280 in @entity1 ). The @entity95 were sacrificed at intervals ranging from immediately after to 4 weeks following irradiation. The earliest evidence of histological changes was the loss of endothel, although it was repaired within 1 week. Fragmentation and reduplication of internal elastic lamina were observed after 1 week, however the degree was not dose dependent. Damages of the media was observed in 50 and 80 Gy groups. That is, focal degeneration of smooth muscle cell was demonstrated in 50 Gy group and medial @entity39 in 80 Gy group. @entity528 cells was observed and its severity was dose dependent. In 80 Gy group, @entity294 occurred more frequently compared with the other groups and body weight loss couldn't recover within 4 weeks. It is concluded that, since @entity39 of aortic media and marked @entity528 cells are inevitable in 80 Gy group, IORT dose should be increased within 50 Gy.

title: [Experimental study on intraoperative irradiation for XXXX : histological and nutritional changes in early phase after high dose irradiation].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Degeneration of ganglion', 'degeneration of ganglion']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improved understanding of dose and effective dose calculations may contribute to the optimization of fractionated radioimmunotherapy. METHODS: Comparison three-dimensional @entity5 dosimetry was performed on athymic @entity19 bearing established LS174T @entity1 @entity694 xenografts. @entity19 were given bolus intraperitoneal injections of 300 microCi 131I-labeled CC49 monoclonal antibody once (Day 0) or three times (Days 0, 3, and 7) or continuous intraperitoneal infusion with miniosmotic pumps over 7 days. Serial section autoradiography was used to reconstruct @entity5 activity density distributions for Days 3, 4, 7, 10, and 11 (single injection); Days 3, 4, 7, 8, and 11 (3 injections); and Days 4, 7, 10, and 13 (pump). At least three @entity5 were reconstructed at each time point. Uptakes in blood and @entity5 were measured up to 14 days (single injection), 11 days (3 injections), or 16 days (pump) after injection. RESULTS: Average dose values calculated from total activity uptake data only (assuming no @entity5 ) yielded 102 Gy (single injection), 158 Gy (three injections), and 47 Gy (pump). Average doses using three-dimensional dose calculations were 88 Gy, 139 Gy, and 40 Gy, respectively. The nonuniformity of dose deposition affects treatment outcome, because cell loss is an exponential function of dose. Using the linear quadratic model with fractional cell survival to define an effective dose, D(eff) were calculated to be 20 Gy, 23 Gy, and 14 Gy, respectively. Cell proliferation affects outcome for variable dose-rate treatments. With cell proliferation parameters set to reproduce single-fraction 60Co recurrence results, D(eff) (for local control endpoint) were 8.9 Gy, 12.8 Gy, and 3.9 Gy, respectively. Three bolus injections compared with a single bolus injection were relatively less efficient in @entity5 uptake. However, three bolus injections resulted in a more uniform dose rate over a longer period, resulting in a 50% improvement in D(eff). The slower dose delivery for pump infusion resulted in a significantly lower D(eff), although dose-rate distributions were more uniform compared with the single bolus injection. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in dose-rate nonuniformities was observed for fractionated and continuous radiolabeled monoclonal antibody injections. Fractionated injections produced superior dosimetric results compared with single bolus or continuous injections.

title: Dosimetric comparison of bolus and continuous injections of CC49 monoclonal antibody in a XXXX xenograft model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'energy loss external to the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Fifty @entity161 in- @entity1 (DSM-IV) were treated in an open study with @entity27662 . Mental status, improvement and side-effects were measured before administration of the drug as well as after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd injection. Positive and negative symptoms were evaluated with the use of PANSS. 60% of @entity1 received three injections. Usually the intervals between injections lasted 48 hours. The improvement after the 3rd injection of @entity27662 was found in 80% of @entity1 . All positive symptoms improved after the treatment (p < 0.001), among them excitement (54% reduction vs. baseline), hostility (49%) suspiciousness/persecution (45%). The study revealed that parallel to the decrease of positive symptoms, the severity of negative symptoms also decreased, in particular: difficulty in abstract thinking (28%) and stereotyped thinking (27%) (p < 0.001). Passive/apathetic social withdrawal and lack of spontaneity as well as flow of conversation only slightly improved (p < 0.05). 50% of @entity1 experienced side-effects--usually extrapyramidal reactions.

title: [Therapeutic effect of @entity27662 on positive and negative symptoms in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity27662 :: ('MESH:C060342', 'Chemical') :: ['zuclopenthixol acetate']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: A case of @entity4348 arising from @entity1870 is reported. The @entity1 was a 53-year-old @entity1 who complained of vulvar itching. Smear cytology of the endometrium revealed @entity420 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis revealed a lesion with a slightly high intensity in the uterine fundus on a T2-weighted image. Semiradical total hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy were performed, followed by chemotherapy. Histologically, the lesion in the uterine fundus was composed mostly of @entity420 with @entity3 . There were many adenomyotic foci in and around the @entity189 , including some showing transition to @entity420 . There was no malignant finding in the normally situated endometrium. The @entity189 invaded in the myometrium, involving the uterine serosa, but no dissemination to the peritoneal cavity was found. The @entity189 was, therefore, considered to be @entity4348 arising from @entity1870 . Immunohistochemistry showed expression of @entity876 oncoprotein and Ki-67 antigen in the @entity189 cells. The value of immunohistochemistry in predicting prognosis is discussed.

title: XXXX arising from @entity1870 : report and immunohistochemical analysis of an unusual case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['stromal invasion']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['Endometrioid adenocarcinoma']


abstract: HISTORY: Twelve years prior to hospitalization because of a severe @entity548 , a 70 year old @entity1 was diagnosed with a @entity16611 , which is a rare autosomal dominant inherited form of @entity882 . INVESTIGATIONS: The blood smear contained signs of the @entity16611 : D  hle's inclusion bodies and giant platelets. Platelet counts were around 30 G/l. Coronary angiography revealed a highly severe @entity850 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: Even using maximum drug therapy, @entity951 could not be stabilized. Therefore emergency coronary artery bypass grafting had to be performed. Before skin incision 3 micrograms/kg DDAVP ( @entity7062 ) were administered and after extracorporeal circulation 8 units of platelets were transfused. In addition, perioperative coagulation management was performed according to usual standards. There were no @entity548 complications. The @entity1 could leave the clinic after 11 days in stable condition. CONCLUSION: @entity1 showing @entity16611 , even with serious @entity882 , can be operated using extracorporal circulation without a high risk of @entity548 .

title: [Coronary bypass surgery in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['Desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16611 :: ('MESH:C535507', 'Disease') :: ['May-Hegglin anomaly']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['left main stenosis']

answer: @entity16611 :: (MESH:C535507,Disease) :: ['May-Hegglin anomaly']


abstract: Cigarette smoking and poor glycemic control are risk factors for @entity2316 in type 1 @entity6 . However, the specifics of the relation of these risk factors to the onset of this complication have not been elucidated. To investigate these issues, we followed for 4 years 943 Joslin Clinic @entity1 aged 15-44 years with type 1 @entity6 who had normoalbuminuria during the 2-year baseline period. Microalbuminuria developed in 109 of the 943 individuals, giving an incidence rate of 3.3/100 @entity1 -years. The risk of onset of microalbuminuria was predicted somewhat more precisely by the measurements during the 1st and 2nd years preceding onset than by all the measurements during the longer (4-year) interval, suggesting attenuation of the impact of past @entity4854 over time. Point estimates of the incidence rate (per 100 @entity1 -years) according to quartiles of HbA(1c) during the 1st and 2nd years preceding the outcome were 1.3 in the 1st, 1.5 in the 2nd, 3.1 in the 3rd, and 6.9 in the 4th (P = 1.3 x 10(-9)). Point estimates of the incidence rate (per 100 @entity1 -years) according to smoking status were 7.9 for current smokers, 1.8 for past smokers, and 2.2 for those who had never smoked (P = 2.0 x 10(-7)). In a multiple logistic model, the independent effects of HbA(1c) level and cigarette smoking remained highly significant, but their magnitudes were reduced. Using the same covariates in a generalized additive model, we examined the shape of the relationship between HbA(1c) and onset of microalbuminuria and found significant nonlinearity in the logarithm of odds scale (P = 0.04). The slope was steeper with HbA(1c) >8% than <8%. Furthermore, the change in the slope was magnified among current smokers. In conclusion, @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 who smoke and have an HbA(1c) >8% have the highest risk of onset of microalbuminuria.

title: A nonlinear effect of @entity4854 and current cigarette smoking are major determinants of the onset of microalbuminuria in type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the association between large uterine @entity2909 and secondary @entity6582 has been described previously, the mechanism has not been elucidated definitively. Investigators have measured @entity1307 levels in @entity2909 to determine whether these @entity5 are causing the @entity6582 by @entity1307 overproduction; however, these studies were performed before the availability of recombinant @entity1307 assays. CASE: A 59-year-old @entity1 presented with a 3-year history of @entity6582 . Pelvic examination revealed a large lower abdominal mass. Laboratory evaluation revealed a hemoglobin of 20.8 g/dL, red blood cell mass of 3300 mL, @entity26 pressure of 58 mmHg with an @entity26 saturation of 89%, and @entity1307 level of 18 mU/mL. Cardiac echocardiogram showed no evidence of shunt. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a large mass arising in the pelvis and compressing both ureters. The @entity1 was treated surgically with a total abdominal hysterectomy. Pathology confirmed a uterine @entity2909 weighing 2320 g. Two months post-surgery, the @entity1 was asymptomatic with a hemoglobin of 13.9 g/dL and @entity1307 level less than 4.0 mU/mL. CONCLUSION: This case provides evidence for three of the postulated mechanisms by which uterine @entity2909 may cause @entity6582 . First, the @entity1 was @entity519 , suggesting shunting within the @entity5 . Second, the @entity2909 was compressing the ureters, so the kidneys may have been inappropriately producing excess @entity1307 . Third, the @entity5 itself may have been producing the @entity1307 . In any case, the @entity1307 level in this @entity1 was inappropriately high, providing useful evidence that her @entity6582 was secondary to her @entity2909 .

title: Giant uterine @entity2909 producing secondary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyoma', 'leiomyoma', 'fibromyomas']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['polycythemia']


abstract: Evidence-based, @entity353 management advice is required to address @entity1641 @entity28 . Changes in body mass (BM), body condition score (BCS), heart (HG) and belly circumference (BG), direct (ultrasonographic) and indirect (D(2)O dilution, bioelectrical impedance analysis [BIA]) measures of body fat as well as indices of insulin resistance (IR) were monitored in 12 overweight (BCS >=  7/9) @entity1641 and ponies of mixed breed and gender for 16 weeks. Animals were randomly assigned to two groups (Group 1, n=6, BCS 7.6/9    0.6, 489    184.6 kg; Group 2, n=6, BCS 8.1/9    0.6, 479    191.5 kg). Daily dry matter intake (DMI) was restricted to 1.25% BM as one of two, near-isocaloric (DE    0.115 MJ/kg BM/day), forage-based diets (Group 1, 0.8% BM chaff-based feed: 0.45% BM hay; Group 2, 1.15% BM hay: 0.1% BM nutrient-balancer). Statistical modelling revealed considerable between-animal heterogeneity in proportional weight losses (0.16-0.55% of Week 1 BM weekly). The magnitude of @entity353 resistance (WLR) or sensitivity to dietary restriction was independent of diet or any measured outset variable and was largely (65%) attributed to animal identity. Predicted rates of @entity353 decreased over time. BCS and BIA were poor estimates of @entity2768 -derived body fat%. Reciprocal changes in depths of retroperitoneal and subcutaneous adipose tissues were evident. Changes in BG were associated with losses in retroperitoneal fat and BM (r(2), 0.67 and 0.79). Indices of IR improved for 9/12 animals by Week 16. For @entity28 animals, @entity353 should be initiated by restricting forage DMI to 1.25% BM. Subsequent restriction to 1% BM may be warranted for WLR animals.

title: Weight loss resistance: a further consideration for the nutritional management of XXXX Equidae.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests there is a heightened risk of @entity146 in @entity1 with speech-language impairments. However, not all forms of @entity73 are strongly associated with @entity2673 , and some @entity146 (e.g., @entity71 ( @entity71 )) are more prevalent than others in language-impaired populations. The present study assessed the psychosocial adjustment in adolescence of young @entity1 with history of @entity73 , and investigated specific relationships between @entity51 and @entity146 . METHODS: Seventy-one young @entity1 (aged 15-16 years) with a preschool history of @entity73 were assessed using a @entity146 interview (K-SADS) supplemented by questionnaires probing social encounters and parental reports of behaviour and attention. Their psycho-social adjustment was compared with that of a cross-sectional control group of age-matched controls. RESULTS: Overall the rate of @entity146 was low in the clinical sample and @entity1 whose language delay had resolved by 5.5 years had a good outcome. For those whose language difficulties persisted through the school years, there was a raised incidence of attention and social difficulties. These difficulties were partially independent and associated with different language profiles. The group with attention problems showed a profile of specific expressive language difficulties; the group with social difficulties had receptive and expressive language difficulties; and the group with both attention and social difficulties was of @entity258 with global language difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: Amongst @entity1 with speech-language delays at 5.5 years, those with more severe and persistent language difficulties and low nonverbal IQ are at higher risk of @entity146 morbidity in adolescence.

title: Psychosocial outcomes at 15 years of @entity1 with a preschool history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment', 'speech-language impairment']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial difficulty']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['language deficits']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['speech-language impairment']


abstract: The mood stabilizers @entity1091 and @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) are traditionally used to treat @entity162 ( @entity162 ), a severe @entity1032 arising from complex interactions between genes and environment that drive deficits in cellular plasticity and resiliency. The therapeutic potential of these drugs in other @entity6220 is also gaining support. This article reviews the various mechanisms of action of @entity1091 and @entity3262 gleaned from cellular and animal models of @entity16 . Clinical evidence is included when available to provide a comprehensive perspective of the field and to acknowledge some of the limitations of these treatments. First, the review describes how action at these drugs' primary targets--glycogen synthase kinase-3 for @entity1091 and histone deacetylases for @entity3262 --induces the transcription and expression of neurotrophic, angiogenic, and neuroprotective proteins. Cell survival signaling cascades, oxidative stress pathways, and protein quality control mechanisms may further underlie @entity1091 and @entity3262 's beneficial actions. The ability of cotreatment to augment neuroprotection and enhance stem cell homing and migration is also discussed, as are microRNAs as new therapeutic targets. Finally, preclinical findings have shown that the neuroprotective benefits of these agents facilitate anti- @entity32 , angiogenesis, neurogenesis, blood-brain barrier integrity, and disease-specific neuroprotection. These mechanisms can be compared with @entity66 mechanisms to suggest core cellular and molecular disturbances identifiable by specific risk biomarkers. Future clinical endeavors are warranted to determine the therapeutic potential of @entity1091 and @entity3262 across the spectrum of @entity6220 , with particular emphasis on a personalized medicine approach toward treating these disorders.

title: Therapeutic potential of mood stabilizers @entity1091 and @entity1092 : beyond XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dysregulated disease']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An important aspect of inclusion-body @entity5442 (IBM) vacuolated muscle fibers (VMF) is abnormal accumulation of @entity5357 precursor protein (AbetaPP) epitopes and its product, @entity5357 ( @entity5357 ), and of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the form of paired helical filaments. Lipoprotein receptors and @entity165 are known to play an important role in AbetaPP processing, @entity5357 production, and tau phosphorylation. METHODS: In 10 IBM and 22 control muscle biopsies the authors immunolocalized @entity754 ( @entity754 ), @entity28427 ( @entity28427 ), and @entity754 -related protein ( @entity8993 ), and colocalized them with @entity5357 , p-tau, @entity2204 , and free @entity165 . RESULTS: In each biopsy, virtually all IBM VMF had strong @entity754 -immunoreactive inclusions, which colocalized with @entity5357 , @entity2204 , p-tau, and free @entity165 . @entity28427 was increased mainly diffusely, but in approximately 50% of the VMF it was also accumulated in the form of inclusions colocalizing with @entity5357 , @entity2204 , and free @entity165 , but not with p-tau. @entity8993 inclusions were present in a few VMF. In all @entity121 , a subset of regenerating and necrotizing muscle fibers had prominent diffuse accumulation of both @entity754 and free @entity165 . At normal neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) postsynaptically, @entity754 and @entity28427 , but not @entity8993 , were immunoreactive. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Abnormal accumulation of @entity754 , @entity28427 , @entity8993 , and @entity165 within IBM vacuolated muscle fibers suggests novel roles for them in the IBM pathogenesis. 2) Expression of @entity754 and @entity28427 at normal NMJ suggests physiologic roles for them in transsynaptic signaling pathways, increased internalization of lipoproteins there, or both. 3) Increased @entity754 and free @entity165 in some regenerating and necrotizing muscle fibers suggest a role for them in @entity1 muscle fiber growth and repair and @entity204 .

title: Three lipoprotein receptors and @entity165 in inclusion-body XXXX muscle.

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low-density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDLR']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid-beta', 'Abeta']

entities_list: @entity28427 :: ('7436', 'Gene') :: ['very low-density lipoprotein receptor', 'VLDLR']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic death']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathies']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['myositis']


abstract: The new definitions of @entity74 in @entity1 should be used in clinical practice. Two major kinds of @entity74 are identified: 1) isolated primary enuresis as a disorder occurring exclusively during sleep with no daytime leakage; 2) @entity1973 that include uninhibited detrusor contraction, sphincter hypertonicity, and @entity1344 . These dysfunctions may be primary or secondary. Constipation as an underlying cause is frequent and usually underestimated. The diagnostic process requires one (or more) long consultations. After ruling out a urine leak without a @entity74 and secondary causes ( @entity1142 , inadequate hydration, poor voiding hygiene, crystalluria, etc.), the aim is to distinguish isolated sleep-time disorders (primary enuresis) from daytime    sleep-time symptoms (primary @entity1973 ). Anamnesis, long and accurate, can be sensitized by a questionnaire completed at home. The physical examination focuses on the exclusion of anatomic @entity32 ( @entity8756 , @entity24596 , etc.). Diagnostic tests are rarely required at the beginning. Urodynamic exploration may be indicated, never at the first consultation, in case of primary @entity1973 . This diagnostic approach provides an appropriate therapeutic decision.

title: [ XXXX in childhood: from symptoms to diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['urinary dysfunctions', 'urinary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['voiding disorder', 'voiding disorders']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['urethral instability']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Voiding disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 is the second among @entity344 in Mexico Locally advanced disease or metastatic lesions are frequently found. To resect or not such a @entity5 is a difficult decision. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity694 with multivisceral invasion resected and to review the published information. CLINICAL MATERIAL: A 43 year-old Mexican male with @entity548 and @entity353 with a @entity5 located in transverse colon with direct invasion to stomach. CT scan demonstrated invasion to spleen and pancreas. En-bloc radical-extended right colectomy, total gastrectomy, distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy and left adrenalectomy was performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy was used. At 12-month follow-up he is asymptomatic, without neoplasic activity and with good quality of life. CONCLUSION: An aggressive multiorganic resection in T4 @entity14 is justified in selected cases. The high morbidity and mortality of these procedures must be evaluated individually, and if permissive must be performed.

title: [Multiorgan resection in T4 XXXX . Report of a case].

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: This report reviews a prospective database applying a systematic fistulomy technique in 101 @entity1 requiring surgery for @entity292 in ano at LAC+USC Medical Center during a 15-month period. Data were collected for the reliability of primary crypt palpation, success of tract injection with @entity2625 / @entity6693 , and the accuracy of Goodsall's rule. Time to healing, recurrence, and @entity322 according to type of procedure were also recorded. Palpation of the primary crypt was possible in 93 per cent. @entity273 / @entity6693 injection successfully delineated the tract in 83 per cent. Goodsall's rule was correct in 81 per cent. Each @entity292 was categorized as intersphincteric (n = 72), transphincteric (n = 33), extrasphincteric (n = 1), or submucosal (n = 6). At a mean follow-up period of 44 weeks, 89.2 per cent of @entity1 were cured. Reasons for recurrence included wound bridging (n = 6), misdiagnosis of the tract (n = 3), and two blind-ended fistulae (n = 2). Time to healing in weeks was (mean, range): simple fistulotomy (12, 3-21), seton (16, 4-28), Hanley procedure (28, 8-48). @entity1 with a marsupialized tract healed at an average of 6 weeks (range 4-8). Four (3.9%) @entity1 reported postoperative @entity322 (1 gas, 3 liquid, 0 solids).

title: Intraoperative physical diagnosis in the management of anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: We assessed the effect of @entity916 angiotensin system blockade (RASB) in @entity740 ( @entity740 ) of diverse etiology. Two hundred and sixty-five consecutive @entity740 @entity1 attending our renal clinic, with estimated glomerular filtration rate ( @entity470 ) of 20-70 ml/min/1.73m(2) at baseline and a minimal follow-up of 1 year, were studied retrospectively. We devised a scoring system to quantify RASB, wherein the maximum dose of an agent recommended for control of @entity101 was scored as 1. The renal endpoints studied were the rate of change in @entity470 (/\ @entity470 ) and decline of @entity470 >50%. The mean age was 48    11.2 years and 69% were male. The mean duration of follow-up was 4    2.7 years. The rate of /\ @entity470 was -1.5    5.0 ml/min/1.73 m(2) per year in @entity1 who received RASB (N=168) and -6.0    5.4 in those who did not (N=97) (P<0.001). The incidence of decline of @entity470 >50% was 11.3% with RASB and 24.7% without (P=0.003). In a subgroup of @entity1 who received RASB, the incidence of decline of @entity470 >50% was 17.8% in the low-dose RASB group (N=84, RASB score 0.63    0.38) and 4.8% in the high-dose group (N=84, RASB score 2.5    0.7) (P=0.001). RASB was associated with significantly better renoprotection in @entity740 of diverse etiology, even in @entity66 . This effect appeared to be dose-dependent, with higher supramaximal doses exhibiting better renoprotection than the lower conventional doses. Our results make a strong case for use of aggressive RASB in all @entity740 @entity1 to postpone @entity454 .

title: Retarding the progression of @entity740 with XXXX angiotensin system blockade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonproteinuric diseases']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess feasibility and to conduct a preliminary evaluation of outcomes following Peaceful Mind, a cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention for @entity148 in @entity303 , relative to usual care. DESIGN: Pilot randomized controlled trial including assessments at baseline and 3 and 6 months. SETTING: Houston, TX. @entity1 : Thirty-two outpatients diagnosed with mild (47%) or moderate (53%) @entity303 receiving care through outpatient clinics at the Veterans Affairs medical center, Baylor College of Medicine, Harris County Hospital District, and community day centers for @entity303 , and their collaterals, who spent at least 8 hours a week with them. INTERVENTION: Peaceful Mind included up to 12 weekly in-home sessions (mean: 8.7, SD: 2.27) during the initial 3 months and up to eight brief telephone sessions (mean: 5.4, SD: 3.17) during months 3-6, involving self-monitoring for @entity148 , @entity1353 (coping self-statements, behavioral activation, and sleep management). @entity1 learned skills, and collaterals served as coaches. In usual care, @entity1 received diagnostic feedback, and providers were informed of inclusion status. MEASUREMENTS: Neuropsychiatric Inventory- @entity148 subscale, Rating @entity148 in @entity303 scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Abbreviated, Geriatric @entity148 Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale, Quality of Life in @entity195 , @entity1 Health Questionnaire, and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. RESULTS: Feasibility was demonstrated with regard to recruitment, @entity6661 , and treatment characteristics. At 3 months, clinicians rated @entity1 receiving Peaceful Mind as less anxious, and @entity1 rated themselves as having higher quality of life; collaterals reported less distress related to loved ones' @entity148 . Although significant positive effects were not noted in other outcomes or at 6-month follow-up, the pilot nature of the trial prohibits conclusions about efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Results support that Peaceful Mind is ready for future comparative clinical trials.

title: The peaceful mind program: a pilot test of a cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention for anxious @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['deep breathing, and optional skills']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The optical properties of @entity5660 lenses were investigated after in vitro exposure to @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, both because @entity2556 frequently contaminate aquatic environments and because UV exposure has generally increased with the decline of the @entity1787 layer. Lenses were exposed to UV irradiation for 12 hr while immersed in culture medium. UV irradiation, with or without the presence of @entity2556 , was accomplished with one UVA and one UVB photoreactor lamp to yield a photon fluence rate of 9.27 micromol m(-2)s(-1)UVA (UVA:UVB 10.8, radiant exposure of 13.4 Jcm(-1)). Individual @entity2556 studied were @entity11965 , @entity14368 and @entity3014 . In addition, lenses were exposed to a solution of creosote, a wood preservative used in the aquatic environment that contains many @entity2556 . All @entity2556 exposures, including creosote, were carried out either in the dark or concurrently with UV irradiation. A scanning laser monitor system was used to evaluate the optical properties of lenses for up to 236 hr after the UV/PAH treatments. Mean focal length variability (FLV) increased with time after concurrent exposure to UV irradiation and high concentrations of either @entity14368 (4900 n m), @entity3014 (265 n m) or creosote (70 microg ml(-1)), with FLV values ranging from, 0.21-0.41, 0.21-0.64 and 0.15-0.22 mm, respectively, 72 hr after termination of the UV/PAH treatment. UV irradiation alone or exposure to @entity2556 in the dark brought about no changes in the optical properties of lenses. Also, @entity11965 in the presence or absence of UV had no effect, even at concentrations as high as 128 microm. Lenses were also unchanged by 12 hr exposures in the dark to solutions of either @entity11965 , @entity14368 , @entity3014 or creosote that had been previously UV irradiated for 12 hr. This meant that photomodified products of the individual @entity2556 or creosote were not cataractogenic and emphasized that simultaneous exposure to UV and @entity2556 or creosote was necessary for the increased FLV. The results point for the first time to an interaction between UV irradiation and @entity2556 as a potential contributing factor to @entity231 formation in fish.

title: Optical properties of @entity5660 lenses after in vitro exposure to XXXX in the presence or absence of ultraviolet radiation.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity14368 :: ('MESH:C007738', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoranthene']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: Elevated in vivo markers of presynaptic striatal @entity935 activity have been a consistent finding in @entity161 , and include a large effect size elevation in @entity935 synthesis capacity. However, it is not known if the @entity409 is limited to the striatal terminals of @entity935 neurons, or is also evident in the @entity935 neuron cell bodies, which mostly originate in the substantia nigra. The aim of our studies was therefore to determine whether @entity935 synthesis capacity is altered in the substantia nigra of @entity1 with @entity161 , and how this relates to symptoms. In a post-mortem study, a semi-quantitative analysis of @entity669 hydroxylase staining was conducted in nigral dopaminergic cells from post-mortem tissue from @entity1 with @entity161 (n = 12), major @entity308 (n = 13) and matched control subjects (n = 13). In an in vivo imaging study, nigral and striatal dopaminergic function was measured in @entity1 with @entity161 (n = 29) and matched healthy control subjects (n = 29) using (18)F-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine ( @entity13427 ) positron emission tomography. In the post-mortem study we found that @entity669 hydroxylase staining was significantly increased in nigral dopaminergic neurons in @entity161 compared with both control subjects (P < 0.001) and major @entity308 (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in @entity669 hydroxylase staining between control subjects and @entity1 with major @entity308 , indicating that the elevation in @entity161 is not a non-specific indicator of @entity146 . In the in vivo imaging study we found that (18)F-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine uptake was elevated in both the substantia nigra and in the striatum of @entity1 with @entity161 (effect sizes = 0.85, P = 0.003 and 1.14, P < 0.0001, respectively) and, in the voxel-based analysis, was elevated in the right nigra (P < 0.05 corrected for family wise-error). Furthermore, nigral (18)F-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine uptake was positively related with the severity of symptoms (r = 0.39, P = 0.035) in @entity1 . However, whereas nigral and striatal (18)F-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine uptake were positively related in control subjects (r = 0.63, P < 0.001), this was not the case in @entity1 (r = 0.30, P = 0.11). These findings indicate that elevated @entity935 synthesis capacity is seen in the nigral origin of @entity935 neurons as well as their striatal terminals in @entity161 , and is linked to symptom severity in @entity1 .

title: Midbrain XXXX function in @entity161 and @entity308 : a post-mortem and positron emission tomographic imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. OBJECTIVE: To accurately determine complication rates, particularly mortality rates, in surgically treated early-onset @entity1635 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The advent of modern segmental instrumentation for spinal fusion surgery in @entity1615 has allowed for application of similar nonsegmental unfused techniques aimed at controlling @entity1635 in the very young @entity1 . The dismal prognosis for these @entity1 without repeated spinal lengthening procedures is unquestioned, although no controlled trials exist. Many, if not most, of these @entity1 need surgery; however, the surgical complication rate is very high. METHODS: During the study period, all surgically treated @entity1 with early-onset @entity1635 seen at our institution were identified. Any @entity1 who presented to our clinic with early-onset @entity1635 that was surgically managed was included. The total number of procedures, type of implants, number and @entity532 , geographic origin of the cases, and final outcomes were all assessed. RESULTS: A total of 165 surgical procedures on 28 @entity1 accrued during the study time period, including index implantation of instrumentation, lengthening, and definitive fusion, as well as operations performed for complications such as wound debridement and revision of failed implants. Clinical diagnoses included @entity1635 , syndromic and @entity2008 , @entity306 , and @entity2057 . There was a complication rate of 84% overall with a mortality rate of almost 18%. The only @entity1 with no complications were those whose entire surgical course had been at our institution only. The mortality rate was equal in @entity1 whose treatment was performed elsewhere versus exclusively in our center. CONCLUSION: This study underlines the grave severity of these scolioses particularly in syndromic @entity1 . The high mortality rate is alarming, suggesting that further study is needed in this area.

title: Mortality and morbidity in early-onset XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['type of complications']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: It has been reported that there is an association between @entity2444 and poverty. We examined the demographic data of a group of 240 @entity1 (263 hips) who presented with @entity2444 in Greater Glasgow, where the mean deprivation scores are substantially greater than in the rest of Scotland, to see if this association applied and whether other clues to the aetiology of @entity2444 could be found. There were 197 @entity1 and 43 @entity1 ; 39 (16.25%) had a family history of @entity2444 . Bone age in this series was heavily skewed towards the lower percentiles. The mean number of siblings was 1.9, with 31 (12.9%) being an only @entity1 . Maternal age at the birth of the first @entity1 showed no preponderance of older mothers. Maternal smoking during and after pregnancy was noted in 132 (55%), which compared with the 52% reported in the population of Greater Glasgow in general. Of the @entity1 in our series, 60 (25%) were in social class IV and V. However, this applies to more than half of the population of Greater Glasgow. There was no significant evidence of a preponderance of @entity2444 in the most deprived groups. The aetiology of @entity2444 is likely to be multifactorial and may include a genetic or deprivation influence resulting in delayed bone age.

title: A profile of XXXX in Greater Glasgow: is there an association with deprivation?

entities_list: @entity2444 :: ('MESH:D007873', 'Disease') :: ["Perthes' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

answer: @entity2444 :: (MESH:D007873,Disease) :: ['Perthes' disease']


abstract: Sudden @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) accounts for 1% of all @entity1274 cases. It has been reported that @entity5513 may be present up to 47.5% of @entity1 with sudden @entity1274 . A 55-year-old @entity1 presented with sudden @entity393 in his left ear of 45-day history. Audiologic and transient evoked otoacoustic emission tests showed near-total @entity393 and absence of emissions in the left ear, respectively. Electronystagmography showed left canal @entity912 and lack of response to the Kobrak test. The interpeak interval I-V latency and interaural amplitude differences in wave V latency were prolonged in auditory brainstem response. Computed tomography showed an increase in the diameter of the left internal acoustic canal, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intracanalicular mass, 3 mm in size, originating from the left cochlear nerve. Another mass (18x17 mm) was detected that filled the right pontocerebellar cistern, suggesting a @entity1653 , but this was not thought to exert an obvious shift effect contributing to the development of left-sided @entity393 . Despite treatment with a tapered course of @entity51730 for 18 days the @entity1 's hearing level did not change. He was included in a follow-up with MRI at six-month intervals.

title: [Sudden XXXX in a @entity1 with a 3-mm acoustic tumor].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity51730 :: ('MESH:D005448', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocortolone']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: Previous investigations have suggested that @entity428 waves may be induced by reduction of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Since pressure waves were noted to be more common in @entity1 with their head elevated at a standard 20 degrees to 30 degrees, CPP was studied as a function of head position and its effect upon @entity428 ( @entity428 ). In 18 @entity1 with varying degrees of @entity551 (SABP) was monitored at the level of both the head and the heart. Intracranial pressure and central venous pressure were assessed at every 10 degrees of head elevation from 0 degree to 50 degrees. For every 10 degrees of head elevation, the average @entity428 decreased by 1 mm Hg associated with a reduction of 2 to 3 mm Hg CPP. The CPP was not beneficially affected by any degree of head elevation. Maximal CPP (73 +/- 3.4 mm Hg (mean +/- standard error of the mean] always occurred with the head in a horizontal position. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure waves occurred in four of the 18 @entity1 studied as a function of reduced CPP caused by head elevation alone. Thus, elevation of the head of the bed was associated with the development of CPP decrements in all cases, and it precipitated pressure waves in some. In 15 of the 18 @entity1 , CPP was maintained by spontaneous 10- to 20-mm Hg increases in SABP, and pressure waves did not occur if CPP was maintained at 70 to 75 mm Hg or above. It is concluded that 0 degree head elevation maximizes CPP and reduces the severity and frequency of pressure-wave occurrence. If the head of the bed is to be elevated, then adequate hydration and avoidance of pharmacological agents that reduce SABP or prevent its rise are required to maximize CPP.

title: Cerebral perfusion pressure, XXXX , and head elevation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension, systemic arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial pressure', 'ICP']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['intracranial pressure']


abstract: CONTEXT: It is not known whether intranasal @entity288 are beneficial to treat acute rhinosinusitis in @entity1 with a history of chronic or recurrent sinus symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the addition of an intranasal corticosteroid to antibiotic therapy affects the speed and rate of recovery of such @entity1 with acute rhinosinusitis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of 95 @entity1 (median age, 39 years) with a history of recurrent @entity1244 or chronic @entity2490 and evidence of @entity697 by sinus radiograph or nasal endoscopy, which was conducted from October 1998 through April 2000 at 22 sites (12 primary care and 10 otolaryngology). INTERVENTION: Two puffs (total dose, 200 microgram) of @entity5023 (n = 47) or placebo nasal spray (n = 48) in each nostril once daily for 21 days; all received 2 puffs of @entity14411 in each nostril twice daily for 3 days and 250 mg of @entity2261 axetil twice daily for 10 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Time to clinical success ( @entity1 reported cured or much improved) during telephone follow-up at 10, 21, and 56 days. RESULTS: A total of 88 @entity1 (93%) completed follow-up. @entity1 recorded their symptoms, work assessment, and compliance during the 3-week treatment phase. @entity1 receiving @entity5023 achieved a significantly higher rate of clinical success than @entity1 receiving placebo (93.5% vs 73.9%; P =.009). @entity1 treated with @entity5023 improved significantly more rapidly (median of 6.0 days to clinical success) vs @entity1 in the placebo group (median of 9.5 days; P =.01). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity5023 to @entity14411 and antimicrobial therapy with @entity2261 improves clinical success rates and accelerates recovery of @entity1 with a history of chronic @entity2490 or recurrent @entity1244 who present for treatment of acute rhinosinusitis.

title: Comparison of XXXX with or without intranasal @entity5023 for the treatment of rhinosinusitis. The CAFFS Trial: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity14411 :: ('MESH:C009695', 'Chemical') :: ['xylometazoline hydrochloride', 'xylometazoline']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate', 'fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2261 :: (MESH:D002444,Chemical) :: ['cefuroxime']


abstract: The authors report on the @entity378 situation in the Czech Republic (CR) in 1989 and compare the data with 1988. The incidence of all cases of @entity1906 was 18.4/100,000, the incidence of all cases of @entity1576 15.5 and that of bacteriologically confirmed cases 11.1/100,000. The mortality from @entity1906 was also low (1/100,000). Two-thirds of the @entity1 were detected because of the @entity1 ' complaints. This passive screening was, however, inadequate in subjects with a poor health consciousness. Active screening was restricted to subjects with a high risk of @entity1906 (in contact with @entity378 , with different diseases, with socio-economic factors, migrating subjects, non-cooperating subjects). In 1989 for the first time in the CR stagnation of the incidence of bacteriologically confirmed @entity1906 of the respiratory organs was recorded. The number of @entity1 (5.7/100,000) with @entity1906 with a microscopically positive bacteriological finding in sputum was also the same. A slowing down of the hitherto recorded favourable trend of @entity1906 must be foreseen. It will be important to maintain the contemporary system of @entity1906 surveillance.

title: [Surveillance of XXXX in the Czech Republic in 1989].

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was 1) to compare @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) of the carotid artery in nondiabetic and @entity2175 @entity1 and 2) to evaluate the association of this early marker of @entity731 with several cardiovascular risk factors, including plasma @entity2690 and @entity2690 resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 58 nondiabetic and 56 @entity2175 @entity1 , randomly selected among those attending the outpatient @entity6 Clinic or the Clinic for Internal Medicine were examined. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting concentrations of plasma @entity413 , serum lipids (total and HDL @entity165 , @entity1674 ), and serum @entity2690 were measured. @entity2690 resistance was assessed by computing @entity413 disappearance rate from plasma after intravenous @entity2690 injection (Kitt). @entity1004 of the carotid artery was measured by ultrasonography. RESULTS: @entity1004 was significantly higher in @entity6 @entity1 , and the difference remained highly significant after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, WHR, presence of @entity101 and @entity2299 , and smoking status (1.39 vs. 1.24 mm, common SD 0.12, P < 0.001). Univariate regression analyses showed that @entity1004 was negatively correlated with Kitt in either nondiabetic (r = -0.348, P < 0.01) or @entity6 @entity1 (r = -0.492, P < 0.001). However, multiple regression analyses showed that @entity1004 was independently associated with age and WHR in nondiabetic subjects, whereas in @entity6 @entity1 , @entity1004 was independently predicted by Kitt and @entity101 . These two variables explained approximately 62% and approximately 35% of the variability of @entity1004 in nondiabetic and @entity6 @entity1 , respectively. Plasma @entity2690 was not independently associated with @entity1004 in either groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that 1) @entity6 is characterized by a greater thickness of the carotid artery independently of other established risk factor of @entity731 , 2) early @entity731 is independently associated with @entity2690 resistance in @entity6 but not in nondiabetic @entity1 , 3) central adiposity is an independent predictor of @entity1004 in nondiabetic individuals.

title: Intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery in nondiabetic and @entity2175 @entity1 . Relationship with XXXX resistance.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intimal-medial thickness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity27568 is a rare syndrome which involves microdeletions of the short arm of chromosome 11 at band 11p13. The clinical features are @entity3969 , amiridia, @entity790 and @entity1032 . There are very few reported cases. We report a new case of @entity27568 and review the literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: Chromosome preparations were obtained from lymphocyte cultures of peripheral blood. For chromosome analysis GTG banding and fluorescent "in situ" hybridization (FISH) were used. RESULTS: Chromosomal analysis revealed deletion of @entity9287 - @entity4668 bands. Our @entity1 had bilateral @entity6716 , @entity3969 and cryptorquidia. CONCLUSIONS: The karyotype was 46, XY, del (11)( @entity9287 - @entity4668 ). The @entity4668 band deletion was the cause of the @entity27568 .

title: [ XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity27568 :: ('MESH:D017624', 'Disease') :: ['WAGR syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary abnormalities']

answer: @entity27568 :: (MESH:D017624,Disease) :: ['WAGR syndrome']


abstract: A 34 year old male suffered from @entity410 on his right side with @entity909 . Neither plain nor enhanced CT could clearly demonstrate a lesion. However, a @entity7241 enhanced T1 weighted image (T1WI) demonstrated an enhancing lesion (2 cm in diameter) in the left frontal lobe including the motor cortex. This lesion was not identified on plain T1WI. A T2 weighted image (T2WI) showed a high intensity lesion without mass effect slightly larger than the enhanced area on T1WI. This lesion was suspected to be a @entity66 , but, because it was difficult to differentiate it from a @entity385 , it was confirmed to be a @entity5 by means of an MRI guided stereotactic biopsy. The histological diagnosis of the frozen section was a grade 2 @entity816 . Subsequently brachytherapy with 192Ir seeds was performed, and about 80Gy of interstitial irradiation was given to the edge of the enhanced area on MRI. The minimum dose in the high intensity area on T2WI was about 50Gy. The @entity1 was discharged with no @entity51 . The @entity7241 enhanced lesion decreased in size six months after the treatment. MRI guided stereotactic system makes it possible to target a high intensity lesion on T2WI in brachytherapy. Brachytherapy using this system is considered to be useful in the treatment of @entity66 in an area in which it is difficult to identify it on CT.

title: [A case of XXXX treated with brachytherapy using MRI guided stereotactic system].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial microtumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['glial microtumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The safety and the efficacy of the compression @entity254 clip (Hand CAC 30) have been demonstrated by animal studies. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical validity of the Hand CAC 30 in enterocolic side-to-side @entity254 after colonic or enteric resections. METHODS: A non-randomized prospective data collection was performed for @entity1 undergoing a side-to-side @entity254 using the Hand CAC 30. Eligibility criteria for the use of the Hand CAC 30 were for anastomoses between the colon and the ileum or between two small bowels. The primary short-term endpoint was the rate of @entity834 . Other clinical outcomes, including intra- and @entity260 , length of operation time and hospital stay, and the clip elimination time were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 63 @entity1 (male, 36) underwent an enteric or right-sided colonic resection followed by a side-to-side @entity254 using the Hand CAC 30. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 36 @entity1 , in whom one @entity1 who underwent a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was converted to an open procedure (1/32, 3.1%). One @entity1 with ascending @entity694 showed postoperative @entity834 and died of co-morbid @entity741 . There were no other surgical mortalities. The exact date of expulsion of the clip could not be recorded because most @entity1 were not aware of clip elimination. No @entity1 manifested clinical symptoms of anastomotic stricture. CONCLUSION: Short-term evaluation of the Hand CAC 30 @entity254 in @entity1 undergoing enterocolic surgery proved it to be a safe and efficacious alternative to the standard hand-sewn or stapling technique.

title: Intestinal @entity254 by Use of a Memory-shaped Compression XXXX Clip (Hand CAC 30): Early Clinical Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['Anastomosis']


abstract: @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) were fed a diet containing either fish oil or rapeseed oil and with or without 200 mg/kg @entity53339 (either @entity20467 or @entity20386 ). A total of six diets were obtained: (1) fish oil/ @entity20467 ; (2) vegetable oil/ @entity20467 ; (3) fish oil/ @entity20386 ; (4) vegetable oil/ @entity20386 ; (5) fish oil/no pigment; and (6) vegetable oil/no pigment. The fish were slaughtered and stored in @entity691 bags individually as butterfly fillets for up to 22 months at -20   C. The composition of the fish muscle at slaughter and during frozen storage was evaluated by sampling after 4, 8, 13, 18, and 22 months. The carotenoid content in the muscle was found to be approximately 9-10 mg/kg of fish for both carotenoids. Primary oxidation lipid products ( @entity2627 ) as well as secondary oxidation products (volatiles) were measured. In addition, the level of protein @entity6738 groups and the content of @entity4793 and carotenoids in the muscle were also measured. To estimate the overall changes in sensory properties of the different samples during storage, a trained sensory panel also evaluated the samples. Both the sensory panel and the chemical analysis revealed that in this investigation fish fed fish oil were slightly more oxidized than fish fed vegetable oil. Results showed that @entity20386 effectively protected both protein and lipid against oxidation during frozen storage. In contrast, @entity20467 did not seem to have a clear and systematic effect. Results indicated that the feed composition influenced the fish muscle composition and subsequently the oxidative stability of the fish during frozen storage. Besides, other constituents in the feed might influence deposition of antioxidants in the tissue and consequently affect the oxidative stability of the muscle.

title: Does feed composition affect oxidation of XXXX ( @entity5660 ) during frozen storage?

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity20386 :: ('MESH:D016644', 'Chemical') :: ['canthaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity53339 :: ('CHEBI:23044', 'Chemical') :: ['carotenoid']

entities_list: @entity20467 :: ('MESH:C005948', 'Chemical') :: ['astaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherols']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) induces a series of changes in @entity35 ' behavior; among them a reduction in spontaneous sleep. One potentially impaired system is the endocannabinoid system (eCBs), since it contributes to generate sleep. To investigate if there are situations early in life that affect the eCBs, which would contribute to make @entity35 vulnerable to suffering @entity22 , we studied the rodent model of @entity7310 . @entity35 were separated from their mothers for 3h-periods daily, from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 16. Once they gained 250g of body weight (adult @entity35 ), they were implanted with electrodes to record the sleep-waking cycle (SWC). @entity7310 @entity35 and @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) siblings were assigned to one of the following groups: vehicle, @entity12041 ( @entity17346 , an agonist of the cannabinoid receptor 1, CB1R), OLE+ @entity14513 (an antagonist of the CB1R) and @entity14513 alone. Expression of the @entity55822 receptor was also analyzed in the frontal cortex (FCx) and in the hippocampus (HIP) of both @entity7310 and @entity7310 @entity35 . Results indicated that @entity7310 induced a @entity1319 (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep with the consequent increase in waking (W) as compared to @entity7310 siblings. OLE normalized the SWC, and @entity14513 blocked such an effect. CB1R expression was reduced in the FCx and in the HIP of @entity7310 @entity35 . Our results indicate that @entity7310 reduces sleep and CB1R expression and OLE improves sleep in adult @entity35 .

title: @entity12041 restores sleep in adult XXXX that were subjected to maternal separation.

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['non-MS', 'MS', 'NMS', 'Maternal separation']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in both non-rapid eye movement']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the value of @entity5 markers @entity55870 and CA 19-9 and the @entity787 ( @entity787 ) in the follow-up of @entity1 after potentially curative surgery of @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: CA 72-4, @entity787 were measured prospectively in 279 @entity1 1-36 months after potentially curative primary surgery for histologically proven @entity356 . Evaluation was by "receiver-operating-characteristics" (ROC) curves using "believe the positive" rules as well as by linear combinations. RESULTS: Recurrences were found in 54 @entity1 . CA 72-4 (by radioimmunoassay) was the most sensitive single test (sensitivity 43%, specificity 95%). Radioimmunological and enzyme-immunological tests of CA 79-4 correlated well (r = 0.8). The various values, obtained by certain test kits, when newly calculated for the purpose of after-care, differed markedly from @entity9053 reported by the manufacturers. Measurement of both CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 increased the sensitivity to 54%. INTERPRETATION: Special levels of CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 have been identified which are of value in the follow-up of @entity1 after operation for @entity356 . Single measurements of CA 74-2 are as a rule preferable to those of CA 19-9 or of both @entity787 . In fact, @entity787 should be measured only in exceptional circumstances. But combined measurements of CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 increase sensitivity and prognostic value of the results.

title: [Value of XXXX -associated antigens CA 72-4 vs. @entity787 and CA 19-9 in the follow-up after @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9053 :: ('MESH:D045745', 'Disease') :: ['upper limits']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['cardioembryonic antigen', 'CA 19-9 and CEA', 'CA 11-9 and CEA', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Introduction. @entity1 with @entity101 react more strongly to mental stress than normotensives. This may be related to the type of stress coping or to increased reactivity associated with the disease. The aim of our study was to examine whether @entity1 with essential or secondary @entity101 differ in their reaction to mental stress. Methods. Seventeen @entity1 with @entity101 ( @entity101 ), 9 @entity1 with @entity4815 ( @entity4815 ), and 22 normotensive controls (N) with no @entity1457 were subjected to a psychophysiological examination under mental stress. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) were measured. Results. The two @entity101 groups differed in their BP reaction to mental stress from the control group but not from each other. The product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure during the matrix test was significantly higher in essential than renal @entity101 ( @entity101 median: 13344; @entity4815 median: 12154.5; p = 0.04). This also holds true for the number of spontaneous fluctuations of @entity3457 in the resting phase after the experiment ( @entity101 . median: 3.2; @entity4815 . median: 1.3; p = 0.01). Conclusion. The results suggest that not only a high blood pressure level but also the sympathetic nervous tone are responsible for the blood pressure response to mental stress. Due to very different (perhaps psychosocially triggered) conditions, @entity101 leads to a stronger cardiovascular reaction under mental stress than @entity4815 .

title: Cardiovascular reactivity in XXXX with essential or @entity4815 under standardized mental stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'essential hypertension', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'EH']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity4815 :: ('MESH:D006977', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypertension', 'RH']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['electrodermal activity', 'EDA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: One aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of scores on the Multidimensional Affect and @entity158 Survey (MAPS) that was administered before surgery to postoperative @entity1286 consumption and @entity1 -controlled analgesia. A second aim of the study was to compare the ability of MAPS administered postsurgery with the commonly used Numerical @entity158 Rating Scale to predict @entity1 -controlled analgesia behavior. DESIGN: The MAPS questionnaire measures @entity158 , suffering, and well-being. It was administered to @entity1 1 day before and 1 day after left hemicolectomy for @entity694 . The relations of the two scores to @entity282 control were determined. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 in the surgical ward of a general hospital admitted for @entity14 surgery participated in this study. RESULTS: High preoperative MAPS scores on sensory and emotional words predicted postoperative @entity1286 dosage, dose presses, and lockout presses. Greater @entity1286 consumption was correlated positively with high presurgery MAPS scores in four of the eight "Suffering" subclusters (Depressed Mood, Anger, @entity148 , and Fear). High presurgery MAPS scores in 13 of the 17 "Sensory Qualities" subclusters (e.g., Bothersome, Intense @entity158 , @entity158 Extent, Incisive Pressure, Traction/Abrasion) were correlated positively with lockout presses. Neither the postsurgery MAPS nor the postsurgery Numerical @entity158 Rating Scale predicted @entity1 -controlled analgesia behavior. CONCLUSION: The emotional states and attitudes of the @entity1 toward @entity158 before surgery are important factors in determining @entity1 -controlled analgesia pressing behavior and postoperative demand for analgesics.

title: Preoperative Multidimensional Affect and XXXX Survey (MAPS) scores predict postcolectomy analgesia requirement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is a clonal B-cell malignancy characterized by slow-growing plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). @entity1 with @entity1582 typically respond to initial chemotherapies; however, essentially all progress to a chemoresistant state. Factors that contribute to the chemorefractory phenotype include modulation of free radical scavenging, increased expression of drug efflux pumps, and changes in gene expression that allow escape from apoptotic signaling. Recent data indicate that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) induces remission of refractory acute @entity2799 and apoptosis of cell lines overexpressing @entity588 family members; therefore, it was hypothesized that chemorefractory @entity1582 cells would be sensitive to @entity9188 . @entity9188 induced apoptosis in 4 @entity1 @entity1582 cell lines: 8226/S, 8226/Dox40, U266, and U266/ @entity1836 . The addition of @entity650 had no effect on cell death. @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) has been implicated as an inhibitor of @entity9188 -induced cell death either through conjugating @entity9188 or by sequestering reactive @entity26 induced by @entity9188 . Consistent with this possibility, increasing @entity2197 levels with @entity898 attenuated @entity9188 @entity137 . Decreases in @entity2197 have been associated with @entity620 (AA) metabolism. Clinically relevant doses of AA decreased @entity2197 levels and potentiated @entity9188 -mediated cell death of all 4 @entity1582 cell lines. Similar results were obtained in freshly isolated @entity1 @entity1582 cells. In contrast, normal BM cells displayed little sensitivity to @entity9188 alone or in combination with AA. Together, these data suggest that @entity9188 and AA may be effective antineoplastic agents in refractory @entity1582 and that AA might be a useful adjuvant in @entity2197 -sensitive therapies. (Blood. 2001;98:805-813)

title: @entity620 enhances @entity4447 -induced @entity137 in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Sudden @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) accounts for 1% of all @entity1274 cases. It has been reported that @entity5513 may be present up to 47.5% of @entity1 with sudden @entity1274 . A 55-year-old @entity1 presented with sudden @entity393 in his left ear of 45-day history. Audiologic and transient evoked otoacoustic emission tests showed near-total @entity393 and absence of emissions in the left ear, respectively. Electronystagmography showed left canal @entity912 and lack of response to the Kobrak test. The interpeak interval I-V latency and interaural amplitude differences in wave V latency were prolonged in auditory brainstem response. Computed tomography showed an increase in the diameter of the left internal acoustic canal, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intracanalicular mass, 3 mm in size, originating from the left cochlear nerve. Another mass (18x17 mm) was detected that filled the right pontocerebellar cistern, suggesting a @entity1653 , but this was not thought to exert an obvious shift effect contributing to the development of left-sided @entity393 . Despite treatment with a tapered course of @entity51730 for 18 days the @entity1 's hearing level did not change. He was included in a follow-up with MRI at six-month intervals.

title: [Sudden @entity393 in a XXXX with a 3-mm acoustic tumor].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity51730 :: ('MESH:D005448', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocortolone']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with expandable metallic stent (EMS). Successful insertion of stents was attained in all cases, and in 34 of 38 @entity1 , the stents remained patent and sufficiently expanded, and led to the removal of external drainage catheter. No serious complications occurred. In two cases, stents were deformed in shape, associated with no side effects. In follow-up, eleven @entity1 developed recurrent @entity1087 due to @entity5 ingrowth between the wires and the @entity5 grew up along the initially placed stents. In six @entity1 , additional stents were installed inside the initially placed stents, in whom the additional stents were placed successfully and remained patent thereafter. The expandable metallic stents were superior to the conventional tube stents, but there were some problems in our limited experience: stents deformity, slipping migration, @entity174 of stents and rapid obstruction. Further investigation is under way to resolve these problems. Long-term trials are required before established routine use of EMS. The expandable metallic stent was, however, expected to offer a new alternative in the management of @entity5 and to afford long-term patency of affected biliary tracts.

title: [Biliary endoprosthesis of XXXX using expandable metallic stent--preliminary clinical evaluation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant biliary obstructions', 'malignant biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant biliary obstruction']


abstract: Remodelling of the extracellular matrix resulting from increased secretion of metalloproteinase enzymes (MMPs) is implicated in many pathological conditions, including @entity309 , @entity256 following @entity661 , @entity731 and @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 . Clear definition of the normal and pathological function of individual MMPs will benefit from approaches that use gene transfer to produce increases in MMP levels that mimic those observed in pathological conditions. Similarly, gene transfer methods leading to controlled increases in levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) will help to define the function of MMPs both in vitro and in vivo. Gene transfer of TIMPs may also have therapeutic potential in pathological conditions where inhibition of MMP activity may be beneficial. We have used the adenovirus serotype 5 vector system to generate replication-deficient recombinant adenoviruses capable of expressing the @entity1495 , @entity16617 genes. High level expression is driven by the cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter ( @entity2834 IEP). Efficient and selective over-production of each recombinant protein was shown by immunofluorescence in either @entity95 smooth muscle cells (SMC) or @entity1 MCF-7 @entity420 cells. High level secretion directly dependent on the multiplicity of @entity281 (MOI) was observed for each functional transgene by gelatin zymography. Using a quantitative ELISA assay, levels of recombinant @entity2843 were detected when SMC were infected with as low as three plaque forming units (pfu) of virus per cell in vitro. A linear increase in @entity2843 secretion was observed up to 1000 pfu/cell of virus (0.75 ng/10(4) cells/24 h at 3 pfu/cell to 1243 ng/10(4) cells/24h at 1000 pfu/cell). Similar levels of secretion of @entity1495 and @entity1552 were observed by Western blot analysis using the same MOI of adenovirus. Thus, recombinant adenoviruses are an efficient and flexible system for high level expression of MMPs and TIMPs and will be useful tools in the study of matrix remodelling in vivo and in vitro.

title: Development of recombinant adenoviruses that drive high level expression of the @entity1 metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 genes: characterization of their @entity281 into @entity95 smooth muscle cells and @entity1 MCF-7 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A comprehensive understanding of clinical risk factors for developing foot @entity1066 would help clinicians to categorize @entity1 by their risk status and schedule intervention resources accordingly to prevent amputation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate risk factors for foot @entity1066 among @entity1 with @entity6 . METHOD: We enrolled 225 age-matched @entity1 , 46.7% male, with a ratio of approximately 1:2 cases: controls (76 case- @entity1 and 149 control subjects). Case- @entity1 were defined as subjects who met the enrollment criteria and who had an existing foot @entity1066 or a recent history of a foot @entity1066 . Control subjects were defined as subjects with no history of foot @entity1066 . A stepwise logistic regression model was used for analysis. RESULTS: An @entity2790 (> 65 N/cm2), history of amputation, lengthy duration of @entity6 (> 10 years), @entity5109 ( @entity24070 or @entity1848 ), male sex, poor @entity6 control (glycosylated hemoglobin > 9%), 1 or more subjective symptoms of @entity16 , and an elevated vibration perception threshold (> 25 V) were significantly associated with foot @entity1066 . In addition, 59 @entity1 (78%) with @entity1066 had a @entity2003 directly associated with the site of @entity1066 . No significant associations were noted between @entity455 , level of formal education, @entity8 , @entity989 , @entity227 , or @entity28 and foot @entity1066 on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16 , @entity5109 , @entity101 , and a history of amputation are significantly associated with the presence of foot @entity1066 . Although vascular and @entity8 may result in delayed wound @entity446 and subsequent amputation, they are not significant risk factors for the development of @entity4760 .

title: Practical criteria for screening XXXX at high risk for @entity4760 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid deformity']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity', 'foot deformities']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vision']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high plantar pressures']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration', 'ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy', 'Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated plantar pressure']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity24070 :: ('MESH:D020859', 'Disease') :: ['hallux rigidus']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1848 :: ('MESH:D037801', 'Disease') :: ['hammer toes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Exposure of @entity35 embryos to @entity4906 ( @entity32927 ) results in numerous malformations, but the urogenital system is not affected. In contrast, exposure of @entity35 fetuses to @entity32927 has been reported to result in @entity703 , which were not further classified. To better understand this discrepancy in organotropism of the teratogenic and transplacental carcinogenic processes, the present study was undertaken to characterize the @entity5 induced in @entity35 fetuses exposed to @entity32927 in utero. @entity703 and persistent mesenchyme were observed in 19.2 and 11.5%, respectively, of the offspring of @entity35 treated with 1 mg @entity32927 /kg body weight intraperitoneally on gestation days 16, 18, and 20. The majority of these renal lesions were observed in females. The @entity703 were mixtures of various types of mesenchymal tissue derivatives including smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue. These @entity5 would be classified as renal @entity361 in @entity35 . @entity1313 (numerous types), @entity14317 , and micrognathism were observed predominantly in male offspring from the same group. This treatment also resulted in decreased body weights, increased incidence of @entity353 , @entity400 and @entity2055 , and hypoplastic testes. Exposure to single intraperitoneal doses of @entity32927 on gestation day 20 did not produce a classic dose-response pattern: Minimal effects were observed with 10 mg @entity32927 /kg (occasional renal @entity361 and @entity1313 ), marked effects were observed with 30 mg @entity32927 /kg (lower incidence rate of most of the alterations observed with 1 mg/kg on gestation days 16, 18, and 20), and no effects were observed with 60 mg @entity32927 /kg. @entity32927 administered intraperitoneally at 1 mg/kg body weight on gestation days 16, 18, and 20 is an animal model of transplacental chemically induced @entity703 , which provide lesions with similarities to both intralobar @entity3040 rests and @entity12878 of @entity1 . Why the kidney is a carcinogenic target and not a teratogenic target remains unknown.

title: Renal transplacental carcinogenicity of @entity4906 in @entity35 : relationship of renal XXXX to @entity12878 and intralobar @entity3040 rests.

entities_list: @entity4906 :: ('MESH:C008848', 'Chemical') :: ['3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['sudden loss of body weight']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain neoplasms', 'brain neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity12878 :: ('MESH:D018201', 'Disease') :: ['congenital mesoblastic nephroma']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic']

entities_list: @entity14317 :: ('MESH:D009810', 'Disease') :: ['compound odontomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal neoplasms', 'renal neoplasms']

answer: @entity361 :: (MESH:C535700,Disease) :: ['mesenchymal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about what @entity298 ( @entity298 ) and @entity1 would expect if @entity1 were invited to read their doctors' office notes. OBJECTIVE: To explore attitudes toward potential benefits or harms if @entity298 offered @entity1 ready access to visit notes. DESIGN: The @entity298 and @entity1 completed surveys before joining a voluntary program that provided electronic links to doctors' notes. SETTING: Primary care practices in 3 U.S. states. @entity1 : Participating and nonparticipating @entity298 and adult @entity1 at primary care practices in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Washington. MEASUREMENTS: Doctors' and @entity1 ' attitudes toward and expectations of open visit notes, their ideas about the potential benefits and risks, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: 110 of 114 participating @entity298 (96%), 63 of 140 nonparticipating @entity298 (45%), and 37 856 of 90 203 @entity1 (42%) completed surveys. Overall, 69% to 81% of participating @entity298 across the 3 sites and 92% to 97% of @entity1 thought open visit notes were a good idea, compared with 16% to 33% of nonparticipating @entity298 . Similarly, participating @entity298 and @entity1 generally agreed with statements about potential benefits of open visit notes, whereas nonparticipating @entity298 were less likely to agree. Among participating @entity298 , 74% to 92% anticipated improved communication and @entity1 education, in contrast to 45% to 67% of nonparticipating @entity298 . More than one half of participating @entity298 (50% to 58%) and most nonparticipating @entity298 (88% to 92%) expected that open visit notes would result in greater worry among @entity1 ; far fewer @entity1 concurred (12% to 16%). Thirty-six percent to 50% of participating @entity298 and 83% to 84% of nonparticipating @entity298 anticipated more @entity1 questions between visits. Few @entity298 (0% to 33%) anticipated increased risk for lawsuits. @entity1 enthusiasm extended across age, education, and health status, and 22% anticipated sharing visit notes with others, including other doctors. LIMITATIONS: Access to electronic @entity1 portals is not widespread, and participation was limited to @entity1 using such portals. Response rates were higher among participating @entity298 than nonparticipating @entity298 ; many participating @entity298 had small @entity1 panels. CONCLUSION: Among @entity298 , opinions about open visit notes varied widely in terms of predicting the effect on their practices and benefits for @entity1 . In contrast, @entity1 expressed considerable enthusiasm and few fears, anticipating both improved understanding and more involvement in care. Sharing visit notes has broad implications for quality of care, privacy, and shared accountability. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Pioneer Portfolio, Drane Family Fund, and Koplow Charitable Foundation.

title: Inviting @entity1 to read their doctors' notes: @entity1 and doctors look ahead: XXXX and physician surveys.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['primary care physicians', 'PCPs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The effect of reperfusion with and without free radical scavengers on sarcoplasmic reticulum and contractile function was examined in a @entity235 model of 15-minute @entity1563 followed by reperfusion. @entity235 were reperfused with (n = 13) or without (n = 16) @entity224 dismutase and @entity7669 or were killed at 15 minutes of @entity63 (n = 17). @entity224 dismutase and @entity7669 were administered as a bolus (20,000 and 12,500 U/kg, respectively) beginning 1.25 minutes before reperfusion followed by infusion of 16,000 and 12,500 U/kg/hr, respectively. Sarcoplasmic reticulum function was evaluated from the rate of @entity460 uptake of unfractionated subepicardial, subendocardial, and transmural homogenates determined with and without @entity3739 red to close the @entity460 release channel. Mechanical function was evaluated by means of sonomicrometry. Fifteen minutes of @entity63 significantly (p less than 0.05) depressed the sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity460 uptake rate only in the subendocardium (from 25 +/- 2 to 14 +/- 1 nmol/min/mg without @entity3739 red and from 60 +/- 3 to 49 +/- 3 nmol/min/mg with @entity3739 red). Reperfusion with or without @entity224 dismutase and @entity7669 restored homogenate @entity460 uptake rates to normal, although severe @entity409 persisted. This indicates that damage to the sarcoplasmic reticulum may not be the major cause of postreperfusion @entity409 . @entity63 -reperfusion caused a decrease in systolic shortening from 19 +/- 2% to 1 +/- 2% with and from 18 +/- 1% to 4 +/- 1% without free radical scavengers (p = NS between groups). Thus administration of @entity224 dismutase and @entity7669 beginning shortly before reperfusion had no effect on postreperfusion @entity409 or sarcoplasmic reticulum function.

title: Effect of brief regional XXXX followed by reperfusion with or without @entity224 dismutase and @entity7669 administration on myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum and contractile function.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide', 'superoxide']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']