abstract: Prolonged rapid atrial excitation gives rise to atrial electrical remodeling, which perpetuates @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, there has been controversy regarding the nature of temporal changes in conduction characteristics during the development and recovery of electrical remodeling. This study was designed to clarify the nature of the development and recovery of electrical remodeling in relation to @entity955 inducibility in @entity235 subjected to rapid atrial pacing. Eleven @entity235 underwent rapid atrial pacing (400/min) for 28 days. The electrophysiological study was performed on the day just prior to the commencement of pacing, on days 2, 7, 14, and 28 of rapid pacing, as well as 1 and 7 days after the cessation of pacing. In response to rapid atrial pacing, atrial effective refractory period (ERP), conduction velocity and wavelength decreased significantly (p < 0.05). ERP had shortened significantly and rapidly within 2 days of pacing, while conduction velocity decreased more gradually. During the recovery, ERP returned to almost baseline levels within a day, whereas conduction velocity returned to baseline by day 7. @entity955 became inducible in 37% of the @entity235 from 7 days of pacing until 1 day after the cessation, when wavelength fell below 8.7 cm. In conclusion, rapid atrial excitation causes a progressive but discordant temporal pattern of a decrease in ERP and conduction velocity. The resultant shortening of the wavelength determines the inducibility and maintenance of @entity955 . The electrophysiological changes produced by one month of rapid atrial pacing can be fully reversed within a week, although in a discordant temporal pattern.

title: Discordant temporal changes in electrophysiological properties during electrical remodeling and its recovery in the XXXX atrium.

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Sustained AF', 'atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The types of @entity834 that develop following @entity5 surgery and their impact on long-term outcomes are not well documented. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of various types of @entity834 after anterior resection in @entity5 @entity1 and evaluate their impact on the long-term oncologic outcomes. METHODS: This study analyzed data obtained from 2510 consecutive @entity1 who underwent anterior resection for @entity5 . Of these @entity1 , 141 (5.6  %) developed @entity834 . Three types of leakage were categorized according to presentation: generalized @entity298 (type I), localized @entity298 (type II), and @entity292 or chronic sinus (type III). The clinical characteristics and oncologic outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Type I leakage was the most common (I 44.7  %, n   =   63; II 30.5  %, n   =   43; III 24.8  %, n   =   35). Type III occurred more frequently in @entity1 (p   =   0.001) and @entity1 with @entity5 (p   <   0.001). @entity1 with @entity1605 more frequently underwent radiation therapy (p   <   0.001) and diverting ostomy (p   <   0.001). Leakage management differed according to the type of leakage (p   <   0.001). The local recurrence-free survival rate was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity1605 (p   =   0.014). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical characteristics and oncologic results are distinct for each type of @entity834 . Only a @entity1605 increases the risk of local recurrence. Each type of leakage should thus be considered a different disease entity.

title: The types of XXXX that develop following anterior resection for @entity5 demonstrate distinct characteristics and oncologic outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['type II or III leakage', 'type II and III leakage']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancers', 'low rectal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: @entity2918 (PGs) and @entity2871 (TX) are important mediators of @entity32 . Recent studies revealed that PG and TX synthesis is controlled by the regulation of PG- and TX-synthesizing enzymes. In this study, we examined the TX synthesis and the expression of TX-synthesizing enzymes in activated peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) obtained from @entity1 with @entity2348 . Blood samples were obtained from controls and @entity1 with @entity2348 . @entity3365 -stimulated production of @entity3448 , a stable metabolite of @entity3447 in PMNs, was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. The mRNA expression of @entity3901 ( @entity3901 ), @entity9859 , @entity2247 , and TXA(2) synthase was determined by RT-PCR. The synthesis of @entity3448 in PMNs was significantly increased in the @entity1 [925.0 (550.0-1100.0) pg/10(6) cells], compared with the controls [550.0 (450.0-775.0) pg/10(6) cells]. The mRNA expression for @entity3901 and @entity2247 in PMNs was also enhanced in the @entity1 . The results indicate that TX production in PMNs is significantly increased through possible transcriptional mechanisms of @entity3901 and @entity2247 during @entity2348 in @entity1 . The upregulation of TXA(2) synthesis may contribute to the process of acute inflammatory reaction caused by @entity2348 .

title: XXXX synthesis is increased by upregulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-2 in peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes during @entity2348 in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3901 :: ('5321', 'Gene') :: ['cPLA(2)', 'cytosolic phospholipase A(2)']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['Thromboxane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After @entity2 , @entity263 is the most common cause of @entity204 among males. The aim of treatment is to prevent disease-related morbidity and mortality while minimizing intervention-related adverse events. @entity342 suppression therapy (AST) to reduce circulating serum @entity251 and disease progression is considered a mainstay of treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity263 . It has been increasingly utilized for early stage disease despite a lack of evidence of effectiveness. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intermittent @entity342 suppression (IAS) compared to continuous @entity342 suppression for treating @entity263 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The following databases were searched to identify randomised or quasi-randomised, controlled trials comparing intermittent and continuous @entity342 suppression in the treatment of any stage of @entity263 : the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; EMBASE and LILACS. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were included if they were randomised or quasi-randomized, and compare the effects of IAS versus @entity1741 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers selected relevant trials, assessed methodological quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: Five randomized studies involving 1382 @entity1 were included in this review. All the included studies involved advanced (T3 or T4) @entity263 , had relatively small populations, and were of short duration. Few events were reported and did not assess disease-specific survival or metastatic disease. Only one study (N = 77) evaluated biochemical outcomes. A subgroup analysis found no significant differences in biochemical progression (defined by the authors as PSA >/= 10 ng/mL) between IAS and @entity1741 for Gleason scores 4 - 6, 7, and 8 - 10. For @entity1 with a Gleason score > 6, reduction in biochemical progression favoured the IAS group (RR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.67, P = 0.02). Studies primarily reported on adverse events. One trial (N = 43) found no difference in adverse effects (gastrointestinal, @entity247 and @entity1395 ) between IAS ( two events) and @entity1741 (five events), with the exception of @entity323 , which was significantly lower in the IAS group (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.92, P = 0.008). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Data from RCTs comparing IAS to @entity1741 are limited by small sample size and short duration. There are no data for the relative effectiveness of IAS versus @entity1741 for overall survival, @entity263 -specific survival, or disease progression. Limited information suggests IAS may have slightly reduced adverse events. Overall, IAS was also as effective as @entity1741 for potency, but was superior during the interval of cycles (96%).

title: Intermittent versus continuous XXXX suppression for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk assessment is fundamental in the management of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), enabling estimation of prognosis. AIMS: To evaluate whether the combined use of GRACE and CRUSADE risk stratification schemes in @entity1 with @entity583 outperforms each of the scores individually in terms of mortality and @entity548 risk prediction. METHODS: Observational retrospective single-centre cohort study including 566 consecutive @entity1 admitted for non-ST-segment elevation @entity583 . The CRUSADE model increased GRACE discriminatory performance in predicting all-cause mortality, ascertained by Cox regression, demonstrating CRUSADE independent and additive predictive value, which was sustained throughout follow-up. The cohort was divided into four different subgroups: G1 (GRACE<141; CRUSADE<41); G2 (GRACE<141; CRUSADE>= 41); G3 (GRACE>= 141; CRUSADE<41); G4 (GRACE>= 141; CRUSADE>= 41). RESULTS: Outcomes and variables estimating clinical severity, such as admission Killip-Kimbal class and @entity1002 , deteriorated progressively throughout the subgroups (G1 to G4). Survival analysis differentiated three risk strata (G1, lowest risk; G2 and G3, intermediate risk; G4, highest risk). The GRACE+CRUSADE model revealed higher prognostic performance (area under the curve [AUC] 0.76) than GRACE alone (AUC 0.70) for mortality prediction, further confirmed by the integrated discrimination improvement index. Moreover, GRACE+CRUSADE combined risk assessment seemed to be valuable in delineating @entity548 risk in this setting, identifying G4 as a very high-risk subgroup (hazard ratio 3.5; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Combined risk stratification with GRACE and CRUSADE scores can improve the individual discriminatory power of GRACE and CRUSADE models in the prediction of all-cause mortality and @entity548 . This combined assessment is a practical approach that is potentially advantageous in treatment decision-making.

title: Improving risk stratification in non-ST-segment elevation XXXX with combined assessment of GRACE and CRUSADE risk scores.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Abstract Purpose: The objective of the current work was to simulate radiofrequency ablation treatment in computational models with realistic @entity1 anatomy, in order to investigate the effect of realistic geometry in the treatment outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The body sites considered in the study were liver, lung and kidney. One numerical model for each body site was obtained from Duke, member of the IT'IS Virtual Family. A spherical @entity5 was embedded in each model and a single electrode was inserted into the @entity5 . The same excitation voltage was used in all cases to underline the differences in the resulting temperature rise, due to different anatomy at each body site investigated. The same numerical calculations were performed for a two-compartment model of the tissue geometry, as well as with the use of an analytical approximation for a single tissue compartment. RESULTS: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy appears efficient for @entity5 in liver and lung, but less efficient in kidney. Moreover, the time evolution of temperature for a realistic geometry differs from that for a two-compartment model, but even more for an infinite homogenous tissue model. However, it appears that the most critical parameters of computational models for RFA treatment planning are tissue properties rather than tissue geometry. CONCLUSIONS: Computational simulations of realistic anatomy models show that the conventional technique of a single electrode inside the @entity5 volume requires a careful choice of both the excitation voltage and treatment time in order to achieve effective treatment, since the ablation zone differs considerably for various body sites.

title: Simulation of radiofrequency ablation in real XXXX anatomy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To examine if liver transplant recipients with high-risk @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) are at increased risk for pre-transplant portal @entity49 . METHODS: Data on all liver transplants in the United States from February 2002 through September 2014 were analyzed. Recipients were sorted into three distinct groups: High-risk (age > 60, body mass index > 30 kg/m(2), @entity101 and @entity6 ), low-risk and non- @entity7936 @entity82 . Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed. RESULTS: Thirty-five thousand and seventy-two candidates underwent liver transplantation and of those organ recipients, 465 were transplanted for high-risk and 2775 for low-risk @entity7936 . Two thousand six hundred and twenty-six (7.5%) recipients had pre-transplant @entity715 ; 66 (14.2%) of the high-risk @entity7936 group had @entity715 vs 328 (11.8%) of the low-risk @entity7936 group. In general, all @entity7936 recipients were less likely to be male or African American and more likely to be @entity28 . In adjusted multivariable regression analyses, high-risk recipients had the greatest risk of pre-transplant @entity715 with OR = 2.11 (95%CI: 1.60-2.76, P < 0.001) when referenced to the non- @entity7936 group. CONCLUSION: Liver transplant candidates with high-risk @entity7936 are at the greatest risk for @entity715 development prior to transplantation. These candidates may benefit from interventions to decrease their likelihood of clot formation and resultant downstream hepatic decompensating events. Prospective study is needed.

title: Advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis: A high-risk population for pre-liver transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['portal vein thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether @entity3133 will cause a decrease in urethral pressure. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-four @entity1 with @entity3134 served as study cases. In addition, 127 @entity1 without @entity3134 were included as controls. The urethral pressure profile measurement was performed using a microtransducer and the fluid-bridge method with the @entity1 in the lithotomy position. The parameters of the urethral pressure profile and its associated variables were compared between the control and study groups. RESULTS: The proximal portion of urethral pressure and the resting and stress urethral closure pressures in @entity1 with @entity3133 were significantly lower than those of the control group. An indentation segment (or a plateau pressure zone) in the proximal portion of the urethral pressure profile curve was noted in @entity1 with @entity3133 , especially for stage I (64.2%) and stage II (73.0%). Anterior @entity3133 and genuine stress incontinence had a statistically significant odds ratio for predicting the presence of an indentation segment (or a plateau pressure zone) in the proximal portion of the urethral pressure profile curve (1.58 and 3.19, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: An indentation segment (or a plateau pressure zone) of the proximal portion of the urethral pressure profile curve was observed in most of our @entity1 with @entity3133 . Defects in the anterior vaginal wall supports may attenuate the proximal urethral support, and these defects will contribute to a reduction in the proximal urethral pressure.

title: The effect of XXXX on urethral pressure profile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3133 :: ('MESH:D014596', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal wall prolapse', 'anterior vaginal wall prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3134 :: ('MESH:D011391', 'Disease') :: ['uterovaginal prolapse']

answer: @entity3133 :: (MESH:D014596,Disease) :: ['anterior vaginal wall prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dietary influences on oxidative stress have been thought to play important role in the etiology of @entity1726 . OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of @entity1726 with dietary nutrients, including minerals, vitamins, and fats. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted among newly diagnosed case (n = 250) and control subjects (n = 388) identified between 1992 and 2002 from enrollees of the Group Health Cooperative health maintenance organization in western Washington state. Controls were frequency matched to cases on sex and age. In- @entity1 interviews elicited data on food frequency habits during most of adult life. Nutrient intakes were calculated and analyzed by adjusting each @entity1 's nutrient intake by their total energy intake (the nutrient density technique). RESULTS: Subjects with an @entity68 intake in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile had an increased risk of @entity1726 (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.7, trend p = 0.016). There was an apparent joint effect of @entity68 and @entity921 ; dietary intake above median levels of both together conferred a nearly doubled risk compared with lower intakes of each nutrient (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.9). No strong associations were found for either antioxidants or fats. CONCLUSION: A high intake of @entity68 , especially in combination with high @entity921 intake, may be related to risk for @entity1726 .

title: Parkinson's disease risks associated with dietary @entity68 , XXXX , and other nutrient intakes.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

answer: @entity921 :: (MESH:D008345,Chemical) :: ['manganese']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between @entity409 and aspirin response in a young healthy population (102 @entity1 aged 18-40). Initial concentrations of the NO pathway metabolites (ADMA, l-arginine, SDMA), cardiovascular risk markers, oxidative stress markers (MDA, thiol index), sICAM1, sVCAM1, @entity2289 , sE-selectin, sP-selectin, @entity7 , thromboxane B2, 6-keto-PGF1a and arachidonate-induced @entity1423 (to separate aspirin resistant from sensitive group) were measured. @entity450 ( @entity450 ) was measured before and after intravenous infusion of 16.0g of l-arginine. Measurements were repeated following aspirin administration (75mg/24h) for 4days. Both groups were homogenous regarding demographic and biochemical characteristics reflecting cardiovascular risk. Aspirin resistant subjects were characterized by lower baseline @entity450 and higher @entity450 following aspirin and l-arginine treatment, as compared to aspirin sensitive control. MDA and nitrotyrosine were greater, whereas thiol index was lower in aspirin resistant @entity1 . The sICAM1, sVCAM1, @entity2289 , sE-selectin, sP-selectin and @entity7 levels were similar in the analyzed groups. Thromboxane in aspirin resistant subjects was greater both at baseline and following aspirin therapy. However, a significant decrease following aspirin treatment was present in both groups. Aspirin resistance in young @entity1 is associated with @entity409 , which could be due to oxidative stress resulting from lipid peroxidation.

title: @entity409 in young healthy XXXX is associated with aspirin resistance.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Flow-mediated-vasodilation', 'FMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug resistance indexes (DRIs) quantify the cumulative impact of antimicrobial resistance on the likelihood that a given pathogen will be susceptible to antimicrobial therapy. OBJECTIVE: To derive a DRI for community @entity293 caused by @entity526 in British Columbia for the years 2007 to 2010, and to examine trends over time and across @entity1 characteristics. METHODS: Indication-specific utilization data were obtained from BC PharmaNet for outpatient antimicrobial prescriptions linked to diagnostic information from physician payment files. Resistance data for @entity526 urinary isolates were obtained from BC Biomedical Laboratories (now part of LifeLabs Medical Laboratory Services). DRIs were derived by multiplying the rate of resistance to a specific antimicrobial by the proportional rate of utilization for that drug class and aggregating across drug classes. Higher index values indicate more resistance. RESULTS: Adaptive-use DRIs remained stable over time at approximately 18% (95% CI 17% to 18%) among adults >= 15 years of age and approximately 28% (95% CI 26% to 31%) among @entity1 <15 years of age. Similar results were observed when proportional drug use was restricted to the baseline year (ie, a static-use model). Trends according to age group suggest a U-shaped distribution, with the highest DRIs occurring among @entity1 <10 years of age and adults >= 65 years of age. Males had consistently higher DRIs than females for all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: The stable trend in adaptive-use DRIs over time suggests that clinicians are adapting their prescribing practices for @entity293 to local resistance patterns. Results according to age group reveal a higher probability of resistance to initial therapy among young @entity1 and elderly individuals.

title: Value of an aggregate index in describing the impact of trends in antimicrobial resistance for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between @entity158 symptoms and the clinico-pathological features of @entity530 (EM). METHODS: One hundred thirty @entity1 with laparoscopic diagnosis of EM were studied retrospectively and the relationship between @entity158 symptoms including @entity1834 , @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ), @entity546 and @entity1142 and the anatomical features of @entity530 were evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred (76.9%) @entity1 with @entity158 symptoms and 30 (23.1%) without were included in this study. The number of @entity1 with mild, moderate and severe dysmenorrhoea was 27 (20.8%), 41 (31.5%), and 32 (24.6%), respectively. @entity1 with @entity546 , @entity1118 and @entity1142 were 46 (35.4%), 45 (34.6%) and 67 (51.5%), respectively. Compared with @entity1 without @entity1834 , the proportion of deep utero-sacral nodules (45.0% vs 13.3%, P=0.00), recto-vaginal nodules (16.0% vs 0, P=0.01), complete obliteration of cul-de sac (41.0% vs 10.0%, P=0.00), and lesions of DIE (51.0% vs 16.7%, P=0.00) was significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity1834 . The severity of @entity1834 was positively correlated with nodules in uterosacral ligaments (P=0.005, r=0.302), and invasive depth of uterosacral ligaments (P=0.016, OR=5.085). Among @entity1 with @entity46 , significantly more moderate to severe @entity1104 were found in @entity1 with @entity1834 , compared with those @entity1 without @entity1834 (29.1% vs 8.3%, P=0.029). @entity1 with @entity1118 had more nodules in the utero-sacral ligaments (51.1% vs 30.6%, P=0.018) and DIE lesions (57.8% vs 35.3%, P=0.011), compared with those without. More nodules in the utero-sacral ligaments (46.3% vs 28.6%, P=0.028), recto-vaginal nodules (19.4% vs 4.8%, P=0.01), complete obliteration of cul-de sac (44.8% vs 22.2%, P=0.005) and DIE lesions (53.7% vs 31.7%, P=0.01) were found in @entity1 with @entity1142 , compared with those without. Nodules in the recto-vaginal pouch were an independent risk factor of @entity546 . CONCLUSION: @entity158 symptoms including @entity1834 , @entity546 , @entity1118 , and @entity1142 are remarkably related to endometriotic nodules at the posterior part of the pelvis or those with deep invasions.

title: [Relationship between @entity158 symptoms and clinico-pathological features of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['adhesions']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['dyschezia']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['CPP', 'chronic pelvic pain']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic endometriosis']


abstract: Intravenous (i.v.) treatment of conscious @entity8147 -salt @entity101 @entity35 with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Labiatae) (EOOG) induced a @entity551 effect that seems related to an active vascular relaxation rather than withdrawal of sympathetic tone. To corroborate this hypothesis, the present study examined the vascular effects of EOOG and its main constituent, @entity4744 (EUG) and the putative mechanisms underlying these effects. Additionally, the role of the vascular beta(2)-adrenergic mechanism in the mediation of EOOG-induced @entity551 has also been investigated. In conscious @entity8147 -salt @entity101 @entity35 , the EOOG-induced @entity551 was reversible and remained unchanged by i.v. pretreatment with @entity1169 (2 mg/kg). In isolated aorta preparations with intact endothelium from @entity8147 -salt @entity101 @entity35 , EOOG (1-1000 microg/mL) and EUG (0.006-6 mM) relaxed the @entity2647 -induced contraction similarly with IC(50) [geometric mean (95% confidence interval)] values of 226.9 (147.8-348.3) microg/mL and 1.2 (0.6-2.1) mm, respectively. Vasorelaxant effects of EOOG were significantly altered by removal of the vascular endothelium [IC(50) = 417.2 (349.5-497.8) microg/mL]. In a @entity460 -free medium, the @entity3282 -induced contractions were significantly reduced and even abolished by EOOG at 300 and 1000 microg/mL, respectively, whereas EOOG (1000 microg/mL) did not have any significant effect on @entity5834 -induced contractions. Similar results were obtained with EUG (1.8 and 6 mM) on both @entity3282 - and @entity5834 -induced contractions, respectively. The data suggest that @entity551 responses to EOOG in @entity8147 -salt @entity101 @entity35 are due to an active vascular relaxation, which is partly dependent upon the integrity of the vascular endothelium and seems predominantly mediated through an inhibition of plasmalemmal @entity141 influx rather than @entity141 -induced @entity141 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

title: Pharmacological evidence of @entity460 -channel blockade by essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum and its main constituent, @entity4744 , in isolated aortic rings from @entity8147 -salt @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The @entity1919 generating system in slices of the @entity35 limbic forebrain was investigated. In consists of: (u) A noradrenergic system which responds to @entity1063 (NE) and @entity3044 . Though the rise of the @entity377 elicited by @entity3044 is more rapid than that caused by NE, the maximal effect is less than half of that induced by NE; (2) an @entity859 -dependent system. The noradrenergic @entity1919 generating system in the limbic forebrain displays a number of properties of a central NE receptor: it develops supersensitivity to NE and @entity3044 following prolonged deprivation of NE at postsynaptic sites (chronic treatment with @entity2515 or chemosympathectomy with @entity2955 ). When noradrenergic terminals are protected from @entity2955 by @entity5829 , the responses to NE are not enhanced. Responses to NE are blocked by both @entity1169 and @entity5521 , while responses to @entity3044 are blocked by @entity1169 but not by @entity5521 . The @entity859 -dependent system does not develop supersensitivity after central chemosympathectomy and is not blocked by either alpha- or beta-antagonists. While not altering the basal level of the @entity377 , clinically effective antipsychotic drugs caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the limbic noradrenergic @entity1919 response with @entity1088 and @entity1766 being particularly potent (IC50 0.06 and 0.08 muM, respectively). Antipsychotic drugs do, however, not affect @entity1919 responses elicited by @entity859 . The results are compatible with the view that the central NE receptor is closely related to or may be an integral part of an adenylate cyclase system and that its blockade in the limbic forebrain by antipsychotic drugs may contribute to their therapeutic action.

title: The noradrenergic XXXX generating system in the limbic forebrain: pharmacological characterization in vitro and possible role of limbic noradrenergic mechanisms in the mode of action of antipsychotics.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['pimozide']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desmethylimipramine']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) has been identified either as a symptom or a primary entity. Several drugs are already on the market and other are being investigated. @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) is also a disease were several drugs are being investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three jet nebulizers and three ultrasound nebulizers were used for our experiments with seven different residual cups and four different loadings. Bonsetan, @entity13992 , sidenafil and @entity3131 were modified in order to be produced as aerosol in an effort to identify parameters which influence the droplet size production size. RESULTS: The four-way ANOVA on droplet size using the jet nebulizers revealed two statistically significant factors, drug (F=6.326, P=0.0007) and residual cup (F=4.419, P=0.0007), and their interaction term (F=5.829, P<0.0001). Drugs bonsetan and @entity3131 produce equally the lowest mean droplet size (2.63 and 2.80 respectively) as compared to other two drug mean sizes. The ANOVA results, concerning the ultrasound nebulizers, revealed only the nebulizers as producing significant effect on droplet size (F=4.753, P=0.037). DISCUSSION: Our study indicates the importance of the initial drug design formulation. Moreover, further investigation of the residual cup design is an additional parameter that can assist in the optimal droplet size production, indifferently of the drug formulation.

title: Experimentation with aerosol bonsetan, @entity3131 , XXXX and sidenafil.

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', 'IPF']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity13992 :: ('MESH:C427248', 'Chemical') :: ['treprostinil']

entities_list: @entity3131 :: ('MESH:C093844', 'Chemical') :: ['pirfenidone']

answer: @entity13992 :: (MESH:C427248,Chemical) :: ['treprostinil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epidemiology of enteropathogenic @entity526 (EPEC) and significance of isolation of atypical EPEC in childhood @entity294 in Indian context has not been well studied. A comparative study was done to investigate virulence determinants, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and serogrouping of typical versus atypical EPEC causing @entity294 in @entity1 . A total of 400 prospective and 500 retrospective @entity526 isolates were included. PCR was performed for eae ,bfpA ,efa, nleB, nleE, cdt, ehxA and paa genes. CLSI disk diffusion was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility. Phenotypic screening of ESBL, AmpC and KPC production and molecular detection of @entity39018 , blaVIM, blaCTXM-15, blaIMP and blaKPC was performed. Atypical EPEC (57.6%) were more common as compared to typical EPEC (42.3%). The occurrence of virulence genes was observed to be three times higher in aEPEC as compared to tEPEC ,efa1 (14.7% of the aEPEC ,4% of the tEPEC)being the most common. Most of the isolates did not belong to the classical EPEC O-serogroups. Highest resistance was observed against @entity115 (93.22%) followed by @entity5176 (83%), @entity2886 (37.28%), @entity799 (35.59%) and @entity2888 (30.5%). Overall equal numbers of aEPEC (41.17%) and tEPEC (40%) were observed to be multidrug resistant. Fifteen EPEC strains demonstrated presence of ESBLs, five produced AmpC, four each produced metallo-betalactamases (MBL) and KPC type of carbapenamases; eight, seven and one isolate each were positive for blaVIM , @entity50672 and blaNDM -1 respectively. We report here @entity2893 resistance and presence of @entity39018 and @entity50672 in EPEC isolates for the first time from India.

title: Comparative analysis of virulence determinants, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and serogrouping of atypical enteropathogenic XXXX versus typical enteropathogenic @entity526 in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity2888 :: ('MESH:D015780', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenems']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine if there were different @entity5852 rates between normal and abnormal yolk sacs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, the yolk sac characteristics of 193 consecutive pregnant @entity1 , of 5-6.5 weeks gestation, with normal body mass index (BMI) were prospectively evaluated. All @entity1 underwent two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography, which was performed by the same sonographer. We considered the following yolk sac characteristics as normal for classification: diameter: 2-5 mm; round shape; absence of degenerative changes; equal number with embryos; echogenic rim and hypoechoic center. Yolk sacs that had diameters smaller than 2 mm or larger than 5 mm; a shape that was not round (i.e., oval or distorted); the presence of degenerative changes; hyper- or hypo-echogenic rim; hyperechoic center and unequal number with embryos were considered abnormal. Based on the above classification, @entity1 were divided into two groups, study ( @entity2970 ) and control (normal yolk sac). The study group contained 22 cases and the control group consisted of 164 cases. The primary outcome measure was the @entity5852 rate between both groups. Chi-square and students't test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 193 cases were evaluated. We excluded 2 cases. Among the remaining 191 cases, 22 (11.51%) had abnormal yolk sacs of which @entity2208 occurred in 14 (63.63%) cases. In the control group, out of 169 (89.49%) cases, @entity2208 was noted in 6 (3.55%). There was a statistically significant difference in @entity5852 rates between the two groups (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, it is obvious that @entity2970 characteristics are associated with @entity2208 .

title: Are @entity2970 characteristics important factors in XXXX rates?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal yolk sac']

answer: @entity5852 :: (MESH:D000031,Disease) :: ['abortion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Betaine plays important roles that include acting as a @entity5498 donor and converting @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) to @entity1853 . Elevated plasma @entity5784 levels are known as @entity3562 ( @entity3562 ) and contribute to @entity73 . Although it is commonly known that betaine plays an important role in @entity5784 metabolism, the effects of betaine on @entity5784 -induced @entity2414 have not been investigated. Previously, we demonstrated the beneficial effects of betaine on acute stress and lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity2414 . In the present study, we investigated whether betaine ameliorates @entity5784 -induced @entity2414 and the underlying mechanisms of this putative effect. @entity19 were treated with @entity5784 (0.162mg/kg, s.c.) twice a day for nine days, and betaine (25mg/kg, s.c.) was administered 30min before the @entity5784 injections. The memory functions were evaluated using a spontaneous alternation performance test (Y-maze) at seven days and a step-down type passive avoidance test (SD) at nine and ten days after @entity5784 injection. We found that betaine suppressed the @entity2414 induced by repeated @entity5784 injections. However, the blood concentrations of @entity5784 were significantly increased in the @entity5784 -treated @entity19 immediately after the passive avoidance test, and betaine did not prevent this increase. Furthermore, @entity5784 induces redox stress in part by activating @entity1235 ( @entity1235 ), which leads to @entity409 . Therefore, we tested whether @entity7727 affected @entity1235 activity. Interestingly, treatment with betaine significantly inhibited @entity5784 -induced @entity1235 activity in the frontal cortex but not in the hippocampus after acute @entity5784 injection. These results suggest that the changes in @entity1235 activity after betaine treatment might have been partially responsible for the amelioration of the @entity2414 and that @entity1235 might be a candidate therapeutic target for @entity3562 .

title: @entity7727 prevents @entity1255 -induced XXXX via @entity1235 in the frontal cortex.

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments of learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['BBB dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia', 'HHcy']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory impairment']


abstract: CONTEXT: The source and ownership of guns used by @entity1 to shoot themselves or others is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the ownership and usual storage location of firearms used in unintentional and self-inflicted intentional firearm @entity204 and injuries. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: King County, Washington. @entity1 : Youths aged from birth to 19 years who sought medical treatment at a level I @entity130 center for a self-inflicted or unintentional firearm injury between 1990 and 1995 or who presented to the county medical examiner with a fatal self-inflicted or unintentional firearm injury between 1990 and 1995. DATA SOURCES: County medical examiner records, regional police investigative reports, medical records from a level I @entity130 center, and surveys of victims' families. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Source and ownership of the associated firearm. RESULTS: Fifty-six fatal injuries and 68 nonfatal firearm injuries that met the criteria were identified. Of these, 59 were intentionally self-inflicted @entity204 and injuries and 65 were unintentional @entity204 and injuries. A firearm owned by a household member living with the victim was used in 33 (65%) of 51 suicides and suicide attempts and 11 (23%) of 47 unintentional injuries and @entity204 . Additionally, a firearm owned by another relative, friend, or parent of a friend of the victim was used in 4 (8%) of the 51 suicides and suicide attempts and 23 (49%) of the 47 unintentional injuries and @entity204 . Parental ownership accounted for 29 (57%) of the 51 suicides and suicide attempts and 9 (19%) of the 47 unintentional injuries and @entity204 . More than 75% of the guns used in suicide attempts and unintentional injuries were stored in the residence of the victim, a relative, or a friend. CONCLUSION: Most guns involved in self-inflicted and unintentional firearm injuries originate either from the victim's home or the home of a friend or relative.

title: Self-inflicted and unintentional firearm injuries among XXXX and adolescents: the source of the firearm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Certain inbred strains of @entity19 , including @entity7840 /2J, develop @entity16663 in response to gonadectomy. Spindle-shaped cells with limited steroidogenic capacity, termed A cells, appear in the subcapsular region of the adrenal gland, followed by sex @entity134 -producing cells known as B cells. These changes result from unopposed gonadotropin production by the pituitary, but the adrenocortical factors involved in tumorigenesis have not been characterized. @entity7006 , a transcription factor normally expressed in fetal, but not adult, adrenocortical cells, was found in neoplastic cells that proliferate in the adrenal cortex of gonadectomized DBA/2J @entity19 . @entity7006 mRNA was detected in the adrenal glands of female @entity19 0.5 months after ovariectomy and reached a maximum by 4 months. Castrated male @entity19 developed @entity16663 more slowly than gonadectomized females, and the onset of @entity7006 expression in the adrenal was delayed. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed @entity7006 mRNA and protein in A and B cells, but not in normal adrenocortical cells. mRNA encoding another factor associated with adrenocortical tumorigenesis, @entity25326 ( @entity25326 ), was detected in A and B cells. In addition, transcripts for P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-C20 lyase, an enzyme essential for the production of sex @entity230 , and @entity21600 were found in B cells. Unilateral ovarian regeneration, a phenomenon known to occur in gonadectomized @entity19 , was observed in a subset of DBA/2J @entity19 undergoing complete ovariectomy. In these animals, @entity16663 progression was arrested; A cells and @entity7006 expression were evident, but there was no expression of @entity25326 or P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-C20 lyase. Strain susceptibility to adrenocortical tumorigenesis (DBA/2J > FVB/N) correlated with the expression of @entity7006 and @entity25326 , implicating these factors in the process of adrenocortical @entity5 in response to continuous gonadotropin stimulation.

title: XXXX susceptibility to gonadectomy-induced @entity16663 formation correlates with the expression of GATA-4 and luteinizing hormone receptor.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors', 'adrenocortical tumor']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse strain']


abstract: A novel schema of intrapatient dose escalation was applied to determine a population-based maximum tolerated dose (pMTD) for @entity2600 ( @entity2600 , Camptosar) and @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) in a phase I trial. A total of 74 @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 were enrolled with the following characteristics: @entity1 / @entity1 , 46/28; median age, 61 years; 51 @entity1 with and 23 @entity1 without prior chemotherapy; performance status of 0-1 (93%) and 2 (7%). @entity1 were started at dose level 1 with @entity2600 at 200 mg/m2, and @entity3003 at an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 5 mg/mL x min, administered every 21 days. Depending on degree of @entity137 observed, the dose for each @entity1 in each subsequent cycle was determined according to a predetermined schema of dose levels. Individual maximum tolerated dose (iMTD) was determined for each @entity1 . The pMTD was defined as the highest dose level for which the incidence of dose-limiting @entity137 occurred in less than 33% of the @entity1 population. The most common dose-limiting @entity137 included @entity1398 (58%), @entity882 (15%), @entity294 (8%), and @entity390 /emesis (7%). The iMTD ranged from dose level-3 ( @entity2600 at 100 mg/m2 and @entity3003 at an AUC of 4) to dose level 5 ( @entity2600 at 350 mg/m2 and @entity3003 at AUC 6). The pMTD was determined to be dose level-1 and 1 for previously chemotherapy-treated and--untreated @entity1 , respectively. Fifty-nine @entity1 were assessable for response. Of note, a response rate of 40% was observed in 15 @entity1 with relapsed @entity151 previously treated with @entity902 -based therapy. We recommend dose level 1 of @entity2600 (200 mg/m2) and @entity3003 (AUC 5) for chemotherapynaive @entity1 , and dose level-1 of @entity2600 (150 mg/m2) and @entity3003 (AUC 5) for chemotherapy-treated @entity1 in phase II trials.

title: Population-based maximum tolerated dose of @entity2600 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin', 'Paraplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although no randomised controlled trial has assessed the midterm effects of coronary-artery bypass surgery on the beating heart, this technique is being used in more and more @entity1 . We did two randomised trials to compare the short-term morbidity associated with off-pump and on-pump myocardial revascularisation. Our aim was to pool the results to assess midterm outcomes. METHODS: From March, 1997, to November, 1999, we randomly allocated 200 @entity1 to off-pump and 201 to on-pump coronary surgery. In Beating Heart Against @entity1167 Study (BHACAS) 1, we excluded @entity1 who had had @entity583 in the past month or who required grafting of the circumflex artery distal to the first obtuse marginal branch. In BHACAS 2, we included such @entity1 . Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiac-related events at midterm follow-up (1-3 years). Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: Analyses of combined data from both trials showed the following risk differences with off-pump compared with on-pump surgery: atrial fibrillation -25% (95% CI -33% to -16%); @entity5837 -12% (-19% to -5%); inotropic requirement -18% (-25% to -10%); transfusion of red blood cells -31% (-41 to -21); and hospital stay longer than 7 days -13% (-21 to -5). Mean follow-up was 25 0 months (SD 9.1) for BHACAS 1 and 13.7 months (5 5) for BHACAS 2. Four (2%) of 200 @entity1 in the off-pump groups died from any cause, compared with seven (3%) of 201 in the on-pump group (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.17-1.96). 33 (17%) of 200 @entity1 in the off-pump group died or had a cardiac-related event, compared with 42 (21%) of 201 in the on-pump group (0.78, 0 49-1.22). INTERPRETATION: Off-pump coronary surgery significantly lowers in-hospital morbidity without compromising outcome in the first 1-3 years after surgery compared with conventional on-pump coronary surgery.

title: Early and midterm outcome after off-pump and on-pump surgery in Beating Heart Against XXXX Studies (BHACAS 1 and 2): a pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest infection']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Cardioplegic Arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardioplegic Arrest']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study is to develop a @entity35 lumbosacral @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) model that causes consistent @entity393 and @entity146 . Most @entity1566 models focus on the thoracic or cervical spinal cord. Lumbosacral @entity1566 accounts for about one third of @entity1 @entity1566 but no standardized lumbosacral model is available for evaluating therapies. Twenty-six adult female @entity35 were randomized to three groups: sham (n=9), 25   mm (n=8), and 50   mm (n=9). Sham @entity35 had laminectomy only, while 25   mm and 50   mm @entity35 were injured by dropping a 10   g rod from a height of 25   mm or 50   mm, respectively, onto the L4-5 spinal cord at the T13/L1 vertebral junction. We measured footprint length (FL), @entity2611 ( @entity2611 ), intermediate @entity2611 (ITS), and sciatic function index (SFI) from walking footprints, and static @entity2611 (STS), static intermediate @entity2611 (SITS), and static sciatic index (SSI) from standing footprints. At six weeks, we assessed neuronal and white matter loss, quantified axons, diameter, and myelin thickness in the peroneal and tibial nerves, and measured cross-sectional areas of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle fibers. The result shows that peroneal and tibial motoneurons were respectively distributed in 4.71   mm and 5.01   mm columns in the spinal cord. Dropping a 10-g weight from 25   mm or 50   mm caused 1.5   mm or 3.75   mm gaps in peroneal and tibial motoneuronal columns, respectively, and increased spinal cord white matter loss. Fifty millimeter contusions significantly increased FL and reduced @entity2611 , ITS, STS, SITS, SFI, and SSI more than 25   mm contusions, and resulted in smaller axon and myelinated axon diameters in tibial and peroneal nerves and greater atrophy of gastrocnemius and anterior tibialis muscles, than 25   mm contusions. This model of lumbosacral @entity1566 produces consistent and graded loss of white matter, @entity393 , peripheral nerve axonal changes, and anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius @entity2057 in @entity35 .

title: A Consistent, Quantifiable, and Graded XXXX Lumbosacral @entity1566 Model.

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscles atrophy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior deficits']

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['toe spreading', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['motoneuronal loss']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A community-based survey was conducted to investigate reproductive @entity281 (RTIs) among pregnant @entity1 in Vietnam, where epidemiologic data on these infections are scarce. METHODS: The focus of the study were: @entity7553 , @entity6981 , group B @entity883 ,trichomoniasis, @entity2954 , syphilis, and @entity1956 . In addition to their prevalence, a generalized estimating equation was used to analyze @entity281 -associated factors and diagnostic test analysis to examine the accuracy of currently performed presumptive clinical diagnoses. RESULTS: Among 505 pregnant @entity1 in 10 communes, 182 (36%) had at least one @entity281 with a wide regional variation in prevalence. The most prevalent @entity281 was @entity7553 (17%); @entity2953 were rare except @entity1956 (10%); and the prevalence of @entity6981 and @entity883 was 7% and 4%, respectively. Two factors were associated with the decreased risk of endogenous infections: a higher household assets score (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67) and condom use (OR = 0.15). Not living with a husband (OR = 1.55) was associated with an increased risk. For @entity1956 , three factors were associated with a decreased risk: employment by the government (OR = 0.26), higher education (OR = 0.18), and being older at the time of first sexual intercourse (OR = 0.58). @entity1 's self-reported symptoms and clinical findings had low positive predictive values. Only clinical findings from the vaginal wall showed both a sensitivity and specificity over 50%. CONCLUSIONS: Suggested recommendations are: extensive application of microscopic diagnosis, prevention of @entity1956 transmission, and addressing the issues of regional differences in the prevalence of RTI and of less wealthy @entity1 .

title: Prevalence of and factors associated with reproductive @entity281 among pregnant XXXX in ten communes in Nghe An Province, Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['group B streptococcal infections', 'streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['tract infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial vaginosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A redesigning of primary care is required to meet @entity303 @entity1 ' needs. In the Netherlands, current @entity303 care still falls short in areas including ad hoc collaboration, lack of feedback on quality to professionals involved, and insufficient implementation of established multidisciplinary guidelines. OBJECTIVE: DementiaNet is a  collaborative care approach, which aims to reduce the @entity66 on individuals, healthcare services and society via network-based care that encourages collaboration, enhances knowledge and skills and stimulates quality improvement cycles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: DementiaNet was developed to support primary care networks through implementation of five core processes: network-based care, clinical leadership, quality improvement cycles, interprofessional practice-based training and communication support tools, following a  stepwise tailor-made approach. Alongside this, a  mixed method study was designed to evaluate innovation and effectiveness. RESULTS: Currently, 18  networks have been formed. These vary in quality of care and strength of collaboration due to local circumstances. Initial activities and goals of each network also vary, ranging from acquaintance to shared care plans. Ongoing research will identify barriers, facilitators and merits of the approach in increasing quality of care and ultimately improving outcomes for @entity1 , carer, health service and society. CONCLUSION: Initial results show that clinical practice varies and the DementiaNet approach can lead to quality improvement. Complexity and variety of local care requires complex interventions and evaluation methods that account for this in order to safeguard the value for practice. Strict methodology lessens external validity.

title: Triple aim improvement for individuals, services and society in XXXX care : The DementiaNet collaborative care approach.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of the disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 130 Background: Pancreas @entity5 is the 4th cause of @entity5 . Surgical resection is the optimal treatment. But pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is complex with high perioperative morbidity. Complications following PD have a negative effect on quality of life and survival. Clinical pathways (CPW) are quality improvement (QI) tools that standardize the processes of care. Our aim was to develop and implement an evidence-based CPW for PD in the province of Ontario, Canada. METHODS: A CPW following PD was developed using the Knowledge-to-Action framework. All 9 high volume @entity253 in Ontario were invited to participate in a needs assessments workshop to promote awareness and early agreement for a CPW. Enthusiasm for a CPW was confirmed. End user input was incorporated into a multidisciplinary CPW. Barriers and enablers to implementation were assessed. Evidentiary support for CPW elements was integrated into the final product. An active implementation strategy that addressed key barriers was developed to promote CPW adoption and adherence. Pilot testing was undertaken. CPW uptake, compliance, and impact on clinical outcomes were evaluated. Pilot results were used to design the final CPW product and implementation strategy. RESULTS: The needs assessment confirmed variability of perioperative processes at all sites. @entity1 expressed interest for a CPW and consensus was obtained on essential CPW components. During a 15 month pilot phase, 83/122 (68%) of eligible @entity1 were initiated on CPW. Subjects able to achieve the goals of the CPW had a shorter length of stay (7 vs 11 days), lower in-hospital complications (9, 22% vs 19, 45%) and readmission (6, 15% vs 11, 26%) compared to those who were unable to achieve CPW targets. The majority of CPW users reported that the CPW was easy to use (26, 93%) and did not adversely affect workload (20, 71%). Pilot data were used to finalize the strategy used to implement the CPW at all Ontario @entity253 centers. CONCLUSIONS: We report that introduction of a standardized CPW for complex @entity5 surgery is possible with early engagement of stakeholders. Initial results suggest that this standardized approach is safe and positively impact quality of surgical care.

title: Development of an evidence-based clinical pathway for XXXX undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) centers', 'HPB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional laparotomy closure may cause @entity63 , @entity4 , and @entity39 of the incisional edges, weakening of the tissue, and incisional @entity547 formation. Two experimental closure techniques were established to investigate laparotomy healing without suturing the incisional edges. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In 24 @entity235 median laparotomies were closed applying two techniques following the principle of @entity2701 banding. Investigations after 3, 9, and 15 months were laparoscopy, tensiometry, light and electron microscopy and measurement of collagen fibril diameters. RESULTS: Incisions healed without @entity547 with only minimal adhesion formation. At all time points the tensile strength after the bridging technique (BT) did not differ significantly from that in the control group. Mean tensile strength after BT was higher than after the onlay technique (OT) at all time points but did not reach statistical significance. After 3 months the incisions after OT were significantly weaker than the control group. At all time points fibril diameters after OT were significantly smaller than in the control group. After 3 and 9 months the fibril diameters after OT were significantly smaller than after BT. Incisions healed with little scar formation in spite of a chronic inflammatory reaction. This reaction was more pronounced after OT and made access to the fascia difficult after 3 months. Both techniques led to early @entity86 formation. CONCLUSIONS: Applying the principle of @entity2701 banding, laparotomies healed without suturing the incisional edges. The effect of foreign material on the ultrastructure of regenerating tissue in direct contact to the incisional region was demonstrated by the OT, in which chronic @entity32 disturbed the adequate formation of collagen. Further development of both techniques might allow laparotomy closure according to the physiological requirements of wound healing.

title: XXXX banding closure of laparotomies: results of an experimental study in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative seroma']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'incisional hernias']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['Tension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radioisotope mapping is an essential technical component of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy, and most authors define success by an arbitrary threshold @entity1600 -background ratio. HYPOTHESIS: Few studies have examined the degree to which the relative level of @entity1600 counts correlates with the presence of @entity3 . Having removed the @entity1600 with the highest counts, there are no data suggesting how far the surgeon should persist in removing additional SLNs that contain much lower levels of isotope. METHODS: We performed 134 @entity1600 biopsy procedures in 132 @entity1 with @entity320 . @entity2631 was defined using an @entity1600 /"hottest" @entity1600 ratio; we defined an @entity1600 as any node containing counts at least 10% of that of the hottest @entity1600 . RESULTS: Of 83 @entity1 with more than 1 @entity1600 site identified, 21 (25%) had SLNs that contained @entity3 . In 17 (81%) of these cases, the @entity1600 with the highest countcontained @entity5 , but in 4 (19%) it was benign. Among these 4 @entity1 , the counts of the hottest benign SLNs exceeded those of SLNs positive for @entity3 on histological examination by a ratio of at least 10:1, and the counts of the positive SLNs were less than 4:1 of those of the background counts or the presence of blue dye failed to identify the positive @entity1600 . No optimum ratio of @entity1600 / @entity1600 or @entity1600 /background counts identified the positive @entity1600 in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Although the @entity1600 with the highest counts contained @entity3 in 81% of @entity1 with @entity320 and multiple SLNs, neither a relatively high isotope count nor the presence of blue dye consistently predicted @entity1600 positivity. For maximum accuracy, @entity1600 biopsy requires the removal of all nodes containing isotope regardless of the relative magnitude of counts and the concurrent use of blue dye to salvage those procedures in which @entity6228 fails.

title: High isotope counts and sentinel node positivity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Successful isotope localization']

entities_list: @entity6228 :: ('MESH:C535477', 'Disease') :: ['isotope mapping']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Using magnetic resonance imaging, the authors studied the influence of a single high dose of intraoperative @entity619 on the severity of @entity2657 that can occur early after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It was hypothesized that high-dose intraoperative @entity619 reduces @entity2657 after CABG. DESIGN: Secondary analysis in a subset of @entity1 of the @entity619 for Cardiac Surgery (DECS) trial. The DECS trial was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 4,494 cardiac surgery @entity1 , which studied the effect of high-dose @entity619 on mortality and major complications after cardiac surgery. SETTING: A large university hospital in The Netherlands. @entity1 : Twenty adult @entity1 who underwent CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) between March and November 2011. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received a single intravenous dose of @entity619 , 1 mg/kg, or placebo, at induction of anesthesia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning immediately after surgery. The primary outcome was the severity of @entity2657 . Data from 18 @entity1 (9 in each group, median age 69 years in both groups) could be analyzed. @entity1 in the @entity619 group were (median, interquartile range 66 (53-99) minutes on cardiopulmonary bypass v 95 (81-105) minutes in the placebo group (p = 0.11). Only 1 @entity1 in the @entity619 group had slight @entity2657 (0% v 11%, p = 1.00), and @entity4 severity did not differ between groups (p = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Relevant degrees of early postoperative @entity2657 were not observed. The present study findings strongly contrasted with older studies showing @entity2657 early after CABG in most @entity1 .

title: Low Incidence of Early Postoperative XXXX After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Edema']


abstract: A 48-year-old male @entity1 was admitted to our institution with @entity1002 . Preoperative serum @entity10580 was 504 ng/ml. Under a radiological diagnosis of simultaneous double @entity788 and lung, resection was performed. Pathological study revealed primary @entity788 with lung metastasis. After the operation, serum @entity10580 fell to 55 ng/ml. Seventeen months later, @entity1744 occurred and serum @entity10580 was 140 ng/ml. One course of systemic chemotherapy, using the combination of CDDP, @entity1487 and @entity4181 , was successful. After another three months, however, the same clinical symptoms occurred. With no response to the prior chemotherapy regimen, surgery was undertaken and a mass at the mesentery was removed. Fifty-nine months have passed since the initial operation and the @entity1 is free of disease, though his serum @entity10580 is around 50 ng/ml. In conclusion, there are cases of @entity788 in which @entity5 dormancy can be achieved by postoperative @entity1487 based chemotherapy.

title: [Resection of @entity788 and simultaneous lung metastasis--a case report of successful in @entity5 dormancy mainly by postoperative XXXX -based chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the pancreas', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left hypochondralgia']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Although ex vivo studies showed marked thermal heterogeneity in atheromatic plaques, in in vivo @entity1 studies trivial temperature variations are recorded due to the cooling effect of blood flow. We investigated a new balloon-thermogaphy catheter for temperature measurements during coronary flow interruption. A thermistor probe is positioned at the distal segment of the catheter. At the opposite site of the thermistor, a balloon is placed. By inflation of the balloon, coronary flow is interrupted. Ten @entity1 with @entity951 were studied. Coronary flow velocity was continuously recorded. Temperature was recorded at the proximal vessel wall and at the lesion before, during, and after complete interruption of blood flow by inflation of the balloon. DeltaTp was assigned as the difference between the background temperature and the maximal temperature during and after balloon inflation. DeltaTl was assigned as the difference between the @entity731 and the proximal vessel wall. The procedure was not complicated. DeltaTp during and after balloon inflation was 0.01 +/- 0.01 degrees C and -0.003 +/- -0.01 degrees C (P < 0.001), respectively. DeltaTl was 0.07 +/- 0.04 degrees C at baseline, 0.17 +/- 0.06 degrees C (59.3% +/- 11.8% increase) during, and 0.07 +/- 0.05 degrees C after flow interruption (P < 0.001). DeltaTl was greater than DeltaTp during and after impairment of flow (P < 0.001). In vivo @entity731 temperature recording seems to be feasible with this new balloon-thermography catheter. This device may introduce a new approach for the detection of thermal heterogeneity in plaques by addressing the issue of cooling effect of blood flow.

title: New balloon-thermography catheter for in vivo temperature measurements in XXXX coronary atherosclerotic plaques: a novel approach for thermography?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['effort angina']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity12539 , though a disease of low public health priority, still continues to be a major public health problem in India. In @entity1 , rabies is almost invariably fatal once clinical symptoms have developed. WHO reports around 50 000 @entity204 every year, out of which 20 000 are estimated to occur in India alone. There is often gross under-reporting of @entity1 @entity204 in India. Despite potent anti-rabies vaccines and immunoglobulins available, rabies is far from control and elimination. An effective strategy for control of rabies takes into account the epidemiology of animal bites, rabies and factors influencing post exposure treatment. Hence it becomes pertinent to review the current status of rabies and strategies for its control in the country. In this article, an attempt has been made to discuss the epidemiology of @entity12539 , pathogenesis, diagnosis and its prevention and control including the various regimens of anti-rabies vaccines and immunoglobulins available for post-exposure prophylaxis. The importance of primary preventive measures like Animal Birth Control (ABC) and vaccination of @entity235 has also been highlighted. It is emphasized that rabies should be recognized as priority public health problem and cell culture vaccines should be made available free of cost at all government health facilities. Other important measures include generation of awareness about rabies and first aid of animal bites.

title: XXXX epidemiology and control in India: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['rabies deaths']

answer: @entity12539 :: (MESH:D011818,Disease) :: ['Rabies']


abstract: Acute @entity432 due to a @entity2587 A 33 year old female @entity1 with acute ischaemia of the fingers I-II of the right hand was admitted to our emergency unit. She reported that this complete ischaemia had shortly occurred after a @entity2587 due to an extreme hyperflexion of the right hand in a volleyball match. Four days after this @entity130 she felt @entity158 and paraesthesia in the right hand. Circular areas of ischaemia were developed with skin colour change to grey and dark blue. The primary measure of the blood pressure by doppler analysis showed no signals in the first and second finger. Initially she received 500 mg @entity117 by intravenous injection. The full therapeutic dose of LMWH related to the weight of the @entity1 was given. On the basis of the short time interval between the occurrence of the symptoms and admission of the @entity1 we decided to perform a so called retrograde intravenous injection. The aim of this therapy was the intraarterial lysis and reperfusion. The blood pressure in all fingers were nearly normal after three days. Daily intravenous transfusion of @entity3009 were given additionally. Necrosis could be prevented as a result of our treatment over seven days. At the end of our therapy only the skin epithelium of the second finger was slightly raised and showed a tendency to desquamation. All other fingers occurred in a normal colour.

title: [Occlusion of the arteries of the fingers after hyperextension XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sport injury']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of digital arteries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: A 19-year-old @entity1 with @entity2590 underwent reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation [RIST: (cladribine 0.11 mg/kg for 6 days, @entity1863 4 mg/kg for 2 days, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin)] from her one HLA-mismatched mother. Prophylaxis against @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was performed with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) alone. Severe acute @entity2132 in the skin, gut, and liver developed concurrently with stable engraftment, and @entity1667 was administered (1-2 mg/kg per day, then pulse therapy with 1 g/day for 3 days) until day 40 of transplant, when a @entity39 of 10 mm in diameter appeared on the right cheek. The initial skin biopsy of the affected area showed a nonspecific inflammatory change. Routine X-ray and computed tomography examinations of the sinuses, chest, and abdomen disclosed no @entity854 . Despite intensive antibiotic therapy, the lesion rapidly extended to form an @entity1066 . A second biopsy specimen obtained from the lesion showed massive septa hyphae, suggesting mold @entity281 . Although we immediately started @entity2379 , she died of @entity177 on day 68. Postmortem DNA sequence analysis of the specimen using the polymerase chain reaction identified Aspergillus ustus. Although this is an extremely rare complication after transplantation, this case highlights that we should pay more attention to primary @entity2381 in severely immunosuppressed @entity1 .

title: Primary XXXX caused by Aspergillus ustus following reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['particular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity2381 :: (MESH:D001228,Disease) :: ['cutaneous aspergillosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of SIGN-Nail Pediatric and Fin nails in treating @entity174 . DESIGN:: Prospective Case Series SETTING:: Level I @entity130 Centre ssfrom 2010 - 2013 @entity1 / @entity1 :: Eighteen @entity1 (13 male and 5 female) with @entity174 who did not achieve skeletal maturity. INTERVENTION:: Femoral nailing was done using either SIGN Pediatric or SIGN Fin nail with hand reaming without using bone-grafting or image intensifier. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:: @entity1 were evaluated for @entity281 , radiographic parameters, range of movements, time to weight bearing (partial and complete), revision surgery (if needed) and complications. RESULTS:: The average age of @entity1 was 10.2 years (  2.1yrs) (Range: 6yrs to 13yrs) and average time between injury and surgery was 13 days (1day to 112days). Fin nail was used in 13 @entity1 and Pediatric nail in 5 @entity1 . There were no infections in either group. The average time for full weight bearing was 7.07 wks in Fin nail group and 8.4wks in Pediatric nail group. No repeat surgeries were performed and there was no case of @entity2530 of @entity2738 , limb length discrepancy or any other complication. CONCLUSION:: SIGN Pediatric and Fin nails are an effective treatment modality for @entity174 with excellent @entity174 healing with no major complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Comparison of SIGN Pediatric and FIN nail in XXXX : Early Clinical Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femur head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Diaphyseal Femur Fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and microneurosurgical treatment of @entity15265 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity15265 which had been diagnosed by MRI were operated on by microsurgery. Fourteen @entity1 received excision of @entity5 through frontotemporal approach with zygomatic osteotomy and, 8 @entity1 via subtemporal and suboccipital transtentorial approaches. RESULTS: Total resection was achieved in 21 @entity1 (95.5%), and subtotal resection in 1. There was no operative @entity204 . The all operative samples were confirmed @entity808 pathologically. The symptoms postoperation such as @entity10 and exophthalmos were reduced. Three months after operation, the function of the 6th nerve was improved in 12 of 19 @entity1 with paresis of the 6th nerve. One @entity1 with @entity1158 recovered well. The function of the 3th nerve recovered in 4 of 6 @entity1 with recurrent paresis of the 3th nerve. Those @entity1 with @entity1276 were improved after operation. The @entity1 were follow up 8 - 60 months (mean 20 months). No @entity5 recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity15265 can be removed successfully via subtemporal and suboccipital transtentorial approaches.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity15265 :: ('MESH:D020226', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous sinus neurinoma', 'Cavernous sinus neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity15265 :: (MESH:D020226,Disease) :: ['cavernous sinus neurinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the @entity63 changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) and the @entity453 based on the perspective of diagnostics.    Methods: A total of 341 @entity1 , who underwent coronary angiography in Department of Cardiology of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from June 2013 to April 2014, were enrolled for this study. The internationally recognized diagnostic criteria for @entity63 changes in ECG and the Judkins diagnostic criteria for coronary angiography were applied, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ECG were analyzed.    Results: There were more @entity63 changes in @entity1 than that in @entity1 (P<0.01). Ischemic changes in coronary angiography were not significantly different between male and female @entity1 (P>0.05). For ischemic diagnostic tests by ECG ST-T, the total sensitivity and specificity was 83.6% and 54.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity was 82.3% and 68.0% or 85.0% and 28.2% in the male or female group, respectively.     Conclusion: @entity63 changes in ECG possess important value in the diagnosis of the @entity453 . The sensitivity of ECG in the diagnosis of @entity741 in @entity1 was higher than that in @entity1 , whereas the specificity of ECG in the diagnosis of @entity741 in @entity1 was higher than that in @entity1 .

title: [Relationship between the XXXX changes in ECG and the @entity453 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery diseases']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic ST-T', 'Ischemic ST-T']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic ST-T']


abstract: Background. @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is a @entity245 that can persist in adolescence and adulthood. Aim. To examine prevalence of @entity71 symptoms and correlates in a representative sample of adults 18 years and older living in Ontario, Canada. Method. We used the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor, an ongoing cross-sectional telephone survey, to examine the relationships between @entity71 positive symptoms and comorbidities, substance use, medication use, social outcomes, and sociodemographics. Results. Of 4014 residents sampled in 2011-2012, 3.30% (2.75%-3.85%) screened positively for @entity71 symptoms ( @entity1 = 3.6%; @entity1 = 3.0%). For men, distress, antisocial symptoms, @entity2072 use, antianxiety medication use, antidepressant medication use, and criminal offence arrest were associated with positive @entity71 screen. For @entity1 , distress, @entity2072 use, antianxiety medication use, antidepressant medication use, @entity158 medication use, and motor vehicle collision in the past year were associated with positive @entity71 screen. Conclusions. @entity71 symptoms are associated with adverse medical and social outcomes that are in some cases gender specific.

title: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Comorbidities, Substance Use, and Social Outcomes among XXXX and @entity1 in a Canadian Sample.

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: HHcy has been implicated in elderly frailty, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Using C57 and CBS+/- @entity19 and C2C12 cell line, we investigated mechanisms behind HHcy induced skeletal @entity425 and @entity346 . Possible alterations in metabolic capacity (levels of LDH, CS, MM-CK and @entity18132 ), in structural proteins (levels of dystrophin) and in mitochondrial function ( @entity855 production) were examined. An exercise regimen was employed to reverse HHcy induced changes. CBS+/- @entity19 exhibited more @entity346 , and generated less contraction force. No significant changes in muscle morphology were observed. However, there is a corresponding reduction in large muscle fiber number in CBS+/- @entity19 . Excess @entity346 was not due to changes in key enzymes involved in metabolism, but was due to reduced @entity855 levels. A marginal reduction in dystrophin levels along with a decrease in @entity27312 ( @entity27312 ) were observed. There was also an increase in the mir-31, and @entity22616 quantities that were implicated in dystrophin and @entity27312 regulation respectively. The molecular changes elevated during HHcy, with the exception of dystrophin levels, were reversed after exercise. In addition, the amount of @entity22065 , one of the transcriptional regulators of @entity27312 , was significantly decreased. Furthermore, there was enhancement in @entity22616 levels and a concomitant decline in @entity27312 protein quantity in @entity1255 treated cells. These changes in C2C12 cells were also accompanied by an increase in @entity15700 and @entity15701 proteins and global DNA methylation levels. Together, these results suggest that HHcy plays a causal role in enhanced @entity346 through @entity2383 which involves epigenetic changes.

title: Hyperhomocysteinemia associated skeletal @entity425 involves XXXX and epigenetic modifications.

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity27312 :: ('21780(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mitochondrial transcription factor A', 'mtTFA']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['fatigability']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']


abstract: The functional balance between @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) and @entity842 (NO) plays a key role in modulating salt sensitivity. @entity172 has been shown to downregulate angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1809 ) receptor expression and to increase the bioavailability of endothelium-derived NO, which decreases @entity1809 receptor expression. The present study tests the hypothesis that in the presence of genetic salt sensitivity, deficiency of endogenous @entity172 after ovariectomy (OVX) fosters an upregulation of @entity1808 . Female Dahl salt-resistant (DR), Dahl salt-sensitive (DS), @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY), and spontaneously @entity101 (SHR) @entity35 underwent bilateral OVX or sham surgery (SHX) and were fed a normal salt diet (0.5% @entity1219 ) for 14 weeks. Systolic blood pressures were measured every 2 weeks and were not significantly different between OVX and SHX for DR, WKY, and SHR groups. However, at the end of 14 weeks of normal salt diet, @entity101 developed in DS OVX but not SHX @entity35 (160+/-3 versus 136+/-3 mm Hg; P<0.05). @entity101 also developed in DS OVX @entity35 pair-fed a normal salt diet (166+/-7 mm Hg). Development of @entity101 in DS OVX @entity35 was prevented by @entity172 replacement (132+/-3 mm Hg), @entity1809 receptor blockade (119+/-3 mm Hg), or feeding a very low salt diet (0.1% @entity1219 ; 129+/-4 mm Hg). Renal @entity1809 receptor protein expression was significantly elevated 2-fold in DS OVX relative to SHX @entity35 and was prevented by @entity172 replacement. These data strongly suggest that after OVX in salt-sensitive @entity35 there is a lower threshold for the hypertensinogenic effect of salt that is linked to an activation of @entity1808 .

title: Postovariectomy @entity101 is linked to increased renal XXXX receptor and salt sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1809 :: (24180(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['AT1']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of the transcription factor Ki-67, ER, PR, @entity1722 , @entity3544 , @entity470 , and TOP II-a in the @entity5 tissue of @entity1 with @entity513 (IDC); in addition, we examined correlations between these markers. Two hundred and sixteen IDC @entity1 , who were not previously been treated with chemo- or radiotherapy, were included in the study. All @entity5 were grade I-III. Expression of molecular markers was determined by immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Follow-up data were collected for 3 months to 10 years and analyzed for @entity5 recurrence, survival time, and prognostic risk factors. We determined Ki-67 expression correlates with the expression of ER, PR, @entity1722 , @entity470 , and TOP-a, as well as lymph node involvement, high @entity5 grade, @entity3 , high @entity5 stage, and high TNM stage in IDC. Positive Ki-67 expression was a risk factor for rapid @entity5 recurrence and may help @entity5 progression, leading to poor prognosis in IDC. Ki-67 was directly correlated with @entity470 , TOP II-a, lymph node involvement, high @entity5 grade, @entity3 , high @entity5 stage, and high TNM stage in the hormone receptor subtypes of @entity0 . In triple negative @entity0 , Ki-67 correlated with TOP II-a. Expression of Ki-67 correlated with that of ER, PR, @entity1722 , @entity470 , TOP II-a, and @entity3544 . In addition, the biomarker Ki-67 has a role as a prognostic factor and indicates a poor prognosis in IDC.

title: Relation between Ki-67, ER, PR, @entity1722 , XXXX , @entity470 , and TOP II-a Expression in Invasive @entity0 @entity1 and Correlations with Prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity3544 :: (644914,Gene) :: ['p21']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare maternal and fetal outcomes in @entity1 with non-operated @entity340 and @entity1 who had surgery before or during pregnancy. METHODS: The 308 @entity1 with @entity340 who delivered in this hospital in the last 8 years were divided into three groups. The 218 (70.7%) @entity1 in group 1 had no surgical intervention; the 42 (13.6%) @entity1 in group 2 underwent balloon mitral valvotomy during pregnancy; and the 48 (15.5%) @entity1 in group 3 had surgical intervention before pregnancy (35 had balloon mitral valvotomy, eight had mitral valve replacement, and five had mitral valve repair). Maternal and fetal outcomes were compared for these three groups. RESULTS: The antenatal events differed significantly: 175 (80.3%), 40 (94.2%), and 46 (95.8%) @entity1 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, had uneventful pregnancies. In group 1, 14 (6.4%) @entity1 had @entity712 (P>0.05) and 24 (11%) @entity1 had @entity943 , which was statistically significant. The rate of preterm deliveries did not differ significantly among the three groups. The groups did not differ in mean birth weight, mode of delivery, low birth weight, Apgar scores less than 8, @entity2209 , @entity204 , or @entity154 . CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve surgery before or during pregnancy did not significantly improve maternal and fetal outcomes but decreased adverse events such as @entity712 and @entity943 . It should be therefore performed only in selected cases.

title: Mitral valve surgery and maternal and fetal outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Psychomotor restlessness and @entity2146 (PMA) is a putatively important, yet understudied, psychopathologic correlate of smoking. The scant smoking research on PMA previously conducted has been narrow in scope and conducted among @entity146 @entity1 . To examine the generalizability and relevance of PMA to smoking, this cross-sectional study investigated associations between PMA and a variety of smoking processes in a community sample. METHODS: @entity1 in this study were non-treatment-seeking smokers (N   =   254, >= 10   cig/day, M age   =   44 years) from the community without an active @entity1316 . At baseline, they completed a PMA symptom checklist, a composite depressive symptom index, and a battery of smoking questionnaires. RESULTS: Linear regression models adjusting for @entity308 and demographics indicated that PMA level was positively associated with severity of @entity1239 withdrawal symptoms during prior quit attempts (b   =   .18, p   <   .05), anticipated likelihood of withdrawal in a future quit attempt (b   =   .19, p   <   .05), motivation to smoke for negative reinforcement (b   =   .14, p   <   .05), and smoking expectancies for negative reinforcement (b   =   .17, p   <   .05), negative consequences (b   =   .22, p   <   .01), and positive reinforcement (b   =   .14, p   <   .05). PMA was not significantly associated with smoking chronicity, frequency, or @entity734 severity. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Smokers with elevated PMA appear to experience greater smoking-induced affect modulation and @entity1239 withdrawal than the average smoker, regardless of other @entity308 . Given that PMA differentiates a qualitatively unique profile of smoking characteristics, PMA warrants consideration in @entity286 addiction research and practice. (Am J Addict 2014;23:1-7).

title: Smoking-related correlates of XXXX and @entity2146 in a community sample of daily cigarette smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity2146 :: (MESH:D011595,Disease) :: ['psychomotor restlessness']