abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 in need of bone augmentation procedures can be treated with a traditional hip graft or by neogenesis under a stiff occlusive @entity702 membrane, custom-fit on the basis of CT-scan data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 treated by means of a hip graft (H) were compared with 11 @entity1 using a full @entity702 membrane (M) for the rehabilitation of upper jaws. In the H group, 17 @entity1 (62 implants) in the anterior region (Ha) and 14 @entity1 (23 implants) in the posterior region (Hp) were included. In the M group, nine @entity1 (30 implants) in the anterior region (Ma) and seven @entity1 (16 implants) in the posterior region (Mp) were included. RESULTS: In group Ha, the CFR was 13.3% after 14 years compared with group Ma where the CFR was 17.4% after 9 years. In group Hp, the CFR was 22.8% after 16 years compared with group Mp where the CFR was 23.4% after 6 years. The marginal @entity604 for group Ha after 20 years was 2.7 mm, for group Ma it was not even 1 mm after 9 years; for group Hp, it was 2.5 mm after 15 years compared with less than 1 mm after 3 years in group Mp. CONCLUSIONS: The success rate of alveolar ridge augmentation therapy is lower than in a classical approach. These augmentation procedures, however, show acceptable results. The @entity702 membrane augmentation leads to less marginal @entity604 probably because neo-formed bone has a better chance to adapt its mineralization to occlusal forces encountered. This technique could offer improvement if membrane exposure can be avoided.

title: Comparison between jaw bone augmentation by means of a stiff occlusive XXXX membrane or an autologous hip graft: a retrospective clinical assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The task of cataloging @entity1 genetic variation and its relation to disease is rapidly approaching completion. The new challenge is to discover the function of disease-associated genes and to understand the pathways that lead to @entity1 disease. We propose that achieving this new level of understanding will increasingly rely on the use of model organisms. We discuss the advantages of the @entity19 as a model organism to our understanding of @entity1 disease. RECENT FINDINGS: The collection of available @entity19 strains represents as much genetic and phenotypic variation as is found in the @entity1 population. However, unlike @entity1 , @entity19 can be subjected to experimental breeding protocols and the availability of tissues allows for a far greater and deeper level of phenotyping. New methods for gene editing make it relatively easy to create @entity19 models of known @entity1 mutations. The distinction between genetic and epigenetic inheritance can be studied in great detail. Various experimental protocols enable the exploration of the role of the microbiome in physiology and disease. SUMMARY: We propose that there will be an interdependence between @entity1 and model organism research. Technological advances and new genetic screening platforms in the @entity19 have greatly improved the path to gene discovery and mechanistic studies of gene function.

title: How XXXX are indispensable for understanding obesity and diabetes genetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7790 and @entity1722 are important mediators of @entity5 neoangiogenesis linked to the @entity470 . Thus, we analyzed @entity7790 @entity1722 and @entity5 neoangiogenesis in @entity189 and determined their prognostic significance. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-five @entity189 were evaluated for histological parameters. @entity5 were stained immunohistologically for @entity7790 , @entity1722 and factor VIII antigen. Results were analyzed statistically by chi2-test, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank-test. RESULTS: Sixty-five % of the @entity189 were positive for @entity7790 in >50% of the @entity5 cells. @entity1722 overexpression occurred in 47% of the @entity5 , but there was frequently a high cytoplasmatic staining. Twenty-nine % showed high microvessel densitiy. These @entity5 were more likely to have vascular space involvement (p=0.02). In @entity189 with @entity7790 expression in >50% of the @entity5 cells, microvessel density was increased (p=0.05). Overall and disease-free survival tended to be reduced for @entity5 with high @entity7790 expression and microvessel density, but differences were not significant. CONCLUSION: @entity5 neoangiogenesis is an important event in @entity105 which is related to the expression of growth factors.

title: @entity7790 , XXXX expression and neoangiogenesis in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']


abstract: We reported previously that ovariectomy alters prepubertal development of mammary myoepithelial cells (MC) by mechanisms that are not well understood. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed expression of 2 myoepithelial differentiation markers, @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) and the common @entity981 antigen (CD10), in mammary parenchymal tissue from intact (INT) and ovariectomized (OVX) heifers. On d 40, Holstein heifers underwent either an ovariectomy (OVX; n=16) or a sham (INT; n=21) operation. At 55, 70, 85, 100, 130, and 160 d of age, tissues were collected, and multispectral imaging was used to quantify immunofluorescent staining for myoepithelial cell (MC) markers. Fluorescent intensity (FI) of the markers was normalized against a control sample. In the basal epithelial layer, CD10 FI was less and @entity3960 FI was greater in OVX than INT. The ratio of @entity3960 to CD10 FI, as a proxy indicator for MC differentiation, was greater in tissue from OVX compared with INT heifers after 55 d of age. The staining for @entity3960 was frequently more intense along the basal aspect of cells, whereas CD10 expression was localized on the apical surface of the MC. In mammary tissue from both INT and OVX heifers, we observed basal cells that were negative for both CD10 and @entity3960 , some of which appeared to span the distance from basement membrane to the ductal lumen. Interestingly, we also observed CD10+ cells adjacent to the ductal lumen, a situation that was more prevalent in OVX than in INT heifers. Also, ovariectomy affects MC expression of both @entity3960 and CD10, as well as the pattern of MC development. Myoepithelial cells are known to limit parenchymal growth in other species. Involvement of MC as regulators of prepubertal @entity291 mammary development is worthy of further investigation.

title: Myoepithelial cell differentiation markers in prepubertal XXXX mammary gland: effect of ovariectomy.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['SMA', 'a-smooth muscle actin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity1 sperm motility, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction are regulated by signal transduction systems involving @entity268 as a second messenger. Levels of @entity268 are controlled by two key enzymes, adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the latter being involved in @entity268 degradation. Calmodulin-dependent PDE (PDE1) and @entity268 -specific PDE ( @entity1980 ) activities were previously identified in spermatozoa via the use of specific inhibitors. Here we report that @entity1 sperm PDEs are associated with the plasma membrane (50%-60%) as well as with the particulate fraction (30%-50%) and have more affinity for @entity268 than @entity6708 . Immunocytochemical data indicated that @entity46976 , a variant of PDE1, is localized on the equatorial segment of the sperm head as well as on the mid and principal pieces of the flagellum, and that @entity37158 is found on the postacrosomal segment of the sperm head. Immunoblotting confirmed the presence of @entity46976 and @entity37158 isoforms in spermatozoa. @entity7604 , a PDE3 inhibitor, increased intracellular levels of @entity268 by about 15% but did not affect sperm functions, possibly because PDE3 represents only a small proportion of the sperm total PDE activity (10% and 25% in Triton X-100 soluble and particulate fractions, respectively). @entity46976 activity in whole sperm extract or after partial purification by anion-exchange chromatography was not stimulated by @entity460 + calmodulin. Results obtained with electrophoresis in native conditions indicated that calmodulin is tightly bound to @entity46976 . Incubation with @entity4527 + @entity1098 , @entity6105 , or @entity1133 did not dissociate the @entity46976 -calmodulin complex. These results suggest that @entity46976 is permanently activated in @entity1 spermatozoa.

title: Presence of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases @entity46976 , existing as a stable complex with calmodulin, and XXXX in @entity1 spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['Milrinone']

answer: @entity37158 :: (5139,Gene) :: ['PDE3A']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE: A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for @entity4278 Fr. @entity10327 . niveum race 1 resistance was identified by employing a "selective genotyping" approach together with genotyping-by-sequencing technology to identify QTLs and single @entity4334 polymorphisms associated with the resistance among closely related watermelon genotypes. Fusarium wilt is a major disease of watermelon caused by the soil-borne fungus @entity4278 Schlechtend.:Fr. @entity10327 . niveum (E.F. Sm.) W.C. Snyder _ H.N. Hans (Fon). In this study, a genetic population of 168 F3 families (24 plants in each family) exhibited continuous distribution for Fon race 1 response. Using a "selective genotyping" approach, DNA was isolated from 91 F2 plants whose F3 progeny exhibited the highest resistance (30 F2 plants) versus highest susceptibility (32 F2 plants), or moderate resistance to Fon race 1 (29 F2 plants). Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology was used on these 91 selected F2 samples to produce 266 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, representing the 11 chromosomes of watermelon. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with resistance to Fon race 1 was identified with a peak logarithm of odds (LOD) of 33.31 and 1-LOD confidence interval from 2.3 to 8.4 cM on chromosome 1 of the watermelon genetic map. This QTL was designated "Fo-1.1" and is positioned in a genomic region where several putative pathogenesis-related or putative disease-resistant gene sequences were identified. Additional independent, but minor QTLs were identified on chromosome 1 (LOD 4.16), chromosome 3 (LOD 4.36), chromosome 4 (LOD 4.52), chromosome 9 (LOD 6.8), and chromosome 10 (LOD 5.03 and 4.26). Following the identification of a major QTL for resistance using the "selective genotyping" approach, all 168 plants of the F 2 population were genotyped using the SNP nearest the peak LOD, confirming the association of this SNP marker with Fon race 1 resistance. The results in this study should be useful for further elucidating the mechanism of resistance to Fusarium wilt and in the development of molecular markers for use in breeding programs of watermelon.

title: A major QTL associated with XXXX race 1 resistance identified in genetic populations derived from closely related watermelon lines using selective genotyping and genotyping-by-sequencing for SNP discovery.

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum']

answer: @entity4278 :: (5507,Species) :: ['Fusarium oxysporum']


abstract: Two @entity1 with @entity722 of the ovary, @entity1869 , elevated serum @entity53 (E2) concentrations and depressed FSH levels were studied preoperatively using intravenous administration of FSH, @entity4396 . In patient 1, serum E2 increased from a baseline of 72.7 to 116.8 pg/ml 60 min after hCG stimulation, with a peak level of 571.4 pg/ml 96 h after hCG administration; there was a rapid postoperative decline to 16 pg/ml. Ovarian venous E2 on the @entity5 side was 6,979 pg/ml. In @entity1 2, E2 increased from a baseline of 91 to 449 pg/ml at 20 h after FSH administration. Intraoperative ovarian venous E2 was 9,788 pg/ml. Inhibin, which was elevated in @entity1 1 prior to stimulation (736 fmol/ml), peaked 96 h after hCG administration. Ovarian venous inhibin concentration in @entity1 1 was 2,911 fmol/ml. The baseline inhibin concentration in @entity1 2 was not elevated (249 fmol/ml), but there was an elevation of inhibin in response to FSH administration (757 fmol/ml), but no response to hCG. Ovarian inhibin concentration was not different between the @entity5 and contralateral sides in @entity1 2. Both @entity722 were responsive to exogenous gonadotropin stimulation. Although only one @entity5 made significant baseline levels of inhibin, the production of inhibin by both @entity5 was apparently stimulated by FSH.

title: Endocrine function of XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['LH and gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['granulosa cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity722 :: (MESH:D006106,Disease) :: ['granulosa cell tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To ascertain rates of @entity3119 among adolescents with @entity162 ( @entity162 ), unipolar @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity146 comparison @entity1 , to assess their relationships to suicidality, @entity716 , comorbidity patterns and familiality. METHODS: The first author ( @entity5099 ) interviewed 313 Latino adolescents using a structured interview based on the @entity915 . Family history was ascertained by live interview or interview by proxy. @entity1 were classified as @entity162 , @entity308 , or non-affectively ill comparison controls (CC). Data regarding suicidality and @entity716 were collected. Regression analysis was used to test associations and control for confounding effects. Positive likelihood ratios were used to measure the dose-response relationships between number of @entity148 and measures of severity of illness and familial loading for affective illness. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 36.7% were @entity162 , 44.7% @entity308 and 18.5% CC. In @entity162 vs. @entity308 the odds of @entity4697 were 4.4, of @entity3119 5.1, and of @entity913 3.3. @entity308 , in turn, were more likely to have these disorders than CC. @entity162 (but not @entity308 ) with @entity4697 and @entity913 , were more likely to have suicidal ideation; among the @entity148 , @entity913 was associated with having greater odds of suicide attempts. Among @entity162 and @entity308 , @entity1 with all three @entity148 were more likely to be @entity716 . Presence of any @entity1316 among first-degree relatives substantially increased the odds of having @entity4697 and @entity913 . The presence of one comorbid @entity148 increased the odds of having another. Finally, there were dose-response relationships between number of @entity148 and measures of severity of illness and familial loading for affective illness. LIMITATIONS: Single interviewer using the @entity915 ; cross sectional exploratory study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity162 adolescents have a greater @entity148 burden than their @entity308 counterparts. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that heavy familial-genetic loading for affective illness in juveniles is associated with bipolarity, cumulative @entity148 comorbidity, suicidality and @entity716 . These observations are in line with pioneering psychopathologic observation in the early 1900s by two French psychiatrists, Gilbert Ballet and Pierre Kahn, who saw common ground between what until then had been considered the distinct categories of the neuroses and cyclothymic (circular) psychoses. This perspective has much in common with current @entity74 .

title: Dose-response relationship between number of comorbid @entity148 in adolescent @entity162 , and XXXX , suicidality, substance abuse and familiality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BP']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['only social phobia', 'social phobia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complex genetic models of anxious diatheses in bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'panic, obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and social phobic disorders']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: We have studied the mode of action of three hormones (angiotensin, vasopressin and @entity2647 , an alpha-adrenergic agent) which promote liver glycogenolysis in a @entity1919 -independent way, in comparison with that of glucagon, which is known to act essentially via @entity1919 . The following observations were made using isolated @entity35 hepatocytes: (a) In the normal Krebs-Henseleit @entity3157 medium, the hormones activated glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) to about the same degree. In contrast to glucagon, the @entity1919 -independent hormones did not activate either protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) or phosphorylase b kinase (EC 2.7.1.38). (b) The absence of @entity141 from the incubation medium prevented the activation of glycogen phosphorylase by the @entity1919 -independent agents and slowed down that induced by glucagon. (c) The ionophore @entity3365 produced the same degree of activation of glycogen phosphorylase, provided that @entity141 was present in the incubation medium. (d) Glucagon, @entity1919 and three @entity1919 -dependent hormones caused an enhanced uptake of 45Ca; it was verified that concentrations of angiotensin and of vasopressin known to occur in @entity548 conditions were able to produce phosphorylase activation and stimulate 45Ca uptake. (e) Appropriate antagonists (i.e. @entity5521 against @entity2647 and an angiotensin analogue against angiotensin) prevented both the enhanced 45Ca uptake and the phosphorylase activation. We interpret our data in favour of a role of @entity460 (1) as the second messenger in liver for the three @entity1919 -independent glycogenolytic hormones and (2) as an additional messenger for glucagon which, via @entity1919 , will make @entity460 available to the cytoplasm either from extracellular or from intracellular pools. The target enzyme for @entity141 is most probably phosphorylase b kinase.

title: On the role of XXXX as second messenger in liver for the hormonally induced activation of glycogen phosphorylase.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a plant @entity5068 mixture would reduce serum @entity165 when added to low fat dairy products in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia, and to examine the effects of the mixture on the serum plant @entity5068 and fat-soluble vitamin levels. DESIGN: A parallel, double-blind study. SETTING: The study was performed in three different locations in Finland. SUBJECTS: In total, 164 mildly or moderately hypercholesterolaemic subjects participated in the study. METHODS: The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: a plant @entity5068 group and a control group. The subjects consumed the products for 6 weeks after a 3-week run-in period. The targeted plant @entity5068 intake was 2 g/day in the @entity5068 group. RESULTS: During the treatment period, there was a 6.5% reduction in serum total @entity165 in the @entity5068 group while no change was observed in the control group (P<0.0005). Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 was reduced by 10.4% in the @entity5068 group and by 0.6% in the control group (P<0.00005). There was no change during the trial in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 or @entity1674 concentrations. The HDL/LDL @entity165 ratio increased by 16.1% in the @entity5068 group and by 4.3% in the control group (P=0.0001). Serum plant @entity5068 levels increased significantly (P=0.0001) in the @entity5068 group. None of the fat-soluble vitamin levels decreased significantly when changes in serum total @entity165 were taken into account. The hypocholesterolaemic effect of @entity5068 administration was not influenced by apolipoprotein E phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Yoghurt, low-fat hard cheese and low-fat fresh cheese enriched with a plant @entity5068 mixture reduced serum @entity165 in hypercholesterolaemic subjects and no adverse effects were noted in the dietary control of hypercholesterolaemia.

title: Safety aspects and XXXX -lowering efficacy of low fat dairy products containing plant sterols.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity935 (DA) neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS) is found throughout chordates, and its emergence predates the divergence of chordates. Many of the molecular components of DA systems, such as biosynthetic enzymes, transporters, and receptors, are shared with those of other @entity1154 systems, suggesting the common origin of these systems. In the @entity1 CNS, the DA neurotransmitter systems are diversified and serve for @entity227 , sensory-motor programming, motivation, memory, emotion, and endocrine regulations. Some of the functions are conserved among different vertebrate groups, while others are not, and this is reflected in the anatomical aspects of DA systems in the forebrain and midbrain. Recent findings concerning a second @entity669 hydroxylase gene (TH2) revealed new populations of DA-synthesizing cells, as evidenced in the periventricular hypothalamic zones of teleost fish. It is likely that the ancestor of vertebrates possessed TH2 DA-synthesizing cells, and the TH2 gene has been lost secondarily in placental mammals. All the vertebrates possess DA cells in the olfactory bulb, retina, and in the diencephalon. Midbrain DA cells are abundant in amniotes while absent in some groups, e.g., teleosts. Studies of protochordate DA cells suggest that the diencephalic DA cells were present before the divergence of the chordate lineage. In contrast, the midbrain cell populations have probably emerged in the vertebrate lineage following the development of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The functional flexibility of the DA systems, and the evolvability provided by duplication of the corresponding genes permitted a large diversification of these systems. These features were instrumental in the adaptation of brain functions to the very variable way of life of vertebrates.

title: The evolution of XXXX systems in chordates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and olfactory perception']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Immunohistochemical studies were done on @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues to evaluate the specificity of a newly developed monoclonal antibody (9C5) against @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase. Sections from 195 specimens were examined, which included 33 types of tissues/organs. These tissues included normal, inflammatory, and @entity5 . Neoplastic tissues from 14 @entity1 with @entity5734 served as positive controls. Epitope enhancement was accomplished either by microwave irradiation in @entity1792 buffer or by boiling in water followed by trypsin digestion. Tissues were reacted with monoclonal antibody 9C5 and stained with either the avidin- @entity1885 peroxidase method or the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method. The hairy cells of all cases of @entity5734 reacted positively with 9C5. Other positively stained cells included osteoclasts, activated macrophages and giant cells. Immunohistochemical studies with 9C5, when interpreted within the context of the specificity of this antibody, are useful for the diagnosis and assessment of treatment results for @entity5734 . Monoclonal antibody 9C5 also may be useful as a marker for osteoclasts and the activated macrophages and for the diagnosis of disorders involved by these cells.

title: Immunohistochemical detection of XXXX -resistant acid phosphatase in non-hematopoietic @entity1 tissues.

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic processes']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity5272 :: (MESH:C029768,Chemical) :: ['tartrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of topical antifungal agents, @entity36543 and @entity1449 in @entity4013 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60(n=60) @entity1 were included in the study. They were divided into two groups of 30 @entity1 each. First group included @entity1 treated with topical @entity36543 as test drug whereas the second group constituted @entity1 treated with topical @entity1449 as standard drug. The @entity1 were advised to apply the drug on affected area twice daily for three weeks. The parameters like erythema, scaling, itching, margins and size of the lesion and KOH mount were taken for the assessment of efficacy. This was an open labelled study and @entity1 were followed up every week for three weeks. RESULTS: The total score included all grades in erythema, itching, scaling, margins and size of lesion and KOH mount. There was significant reduction in erythema (p<0.02) and highly significant reduction in scaling (p<0.001), itching (p<0.001) and margins of lesion (p<0.001) among @entity36543 group. The mean difference and the standard deviation of total scores for @entity1449 were 7.20 and 1.69 and for @entity36543 group 8.80 and 1.52 respectively. The p-value on application of students unpaired t- test was p<0.001 (Highly significant). CONCLUSION: From the present study, it can be concluded that topical @entity36543 shows better improvement in the clinical parameters than topical @entity1449 within a span of three weeks in the treatment of T corporis.

title: Comparison of topical anti- fungal agents @entity36543 and XXXX in the treatment of @entity4013 corporis-an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1449 :: ('MESH:D003022', 'Chemical') :: ['Clotrimazole']

entities_list: @entity36543 :: ('MESH:C061131', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertaconazole']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['Tinea corporis']

answer: @entity1449 :: (MESH:D003022,Chemical) :: ['clotrimazole']


abstract: We used the isolated perfused working @entity35 heart to investigate the effects of transient @entity14645 reperfusion after @entity1167 with the St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution and 25 minutes of global normothermic (37 degrees C) @entity63 . Hearts were reperfused (Langendorff mode) transiently (20 minutes) with solutions containing various concentrations of @entity460 ; this was followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion with standard (1.4 mmol/L, the physiologic concentration) @entity460 buffer (10 minutes in the Langendorff mode and 20 minutes in the working mode). Recovery of cardiac output in control hearts ( @entity460 concentration 1.4 mmol/L throughout) was 51.7% +/- 4.6%; in hearts transiently reperfused with @entity14645 buffer (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mmol/L) the recoveries of cardiac output were 49.3% +/- 6.4%, 52.2% +/- 7.2%, 58.7% +/- 3.2%, and 47.2 +/- 4.7%, respectively (all not significant), whereas recovery was only 14.7% +/- 2.8% (p less than 0.05) in hearts transiently reperfused with @entity460 0.1 mmol/L. Creatine kinase leakage was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater in the group reperfused with @entity460 0.1 mmol/L, but it did not vary significantly between the other groups. Tissue high-energy @entity1391 content was similar and in the normal range in all groups except for the group reperfused with @entity460 0.1 mmol/L. In further experiments, the duration of @entity14645 (0.5 mmol/L) reperfusion was varied (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 minutes). No significant differences in recovery of cardiac output were observed (58.2% +/- 5.0%, 52.3% +/- 5.7%, 52.0% +/- 8.2%, 61.2% +/- 5.0%, 62.2% +/- 4.3%, and 66.2% +/- 3.2%, respectively). In additional studies, the standard @entity460 concentration (1.4 mmol/L) used before and after @entity63 was replaced by hypercalcemic solution (2.5 mmol/L). Despite this, transient (10 minutes) @entity14645 (0.5 mmol/L) reperfusion did not improve recovery. Finally, studies were undertaken with a longer duration of @entity63 (40 minutes), and although recovery of cardiac output in the @entity14645 group (0.5 mmol/L for 10 minutes) tended to be higher than in the control group (29.7% +/- 4.8% versus 18.5% +/- 4.9%, respectively), statistical significance was not achieved. We conclude that in these studies transient @entity14645 reperfusion did not afford any additional protection over and above that afforded by cardioplegia alone.

title: Transient @entity14645 reperfusion does not improve postischemic recovery in the XXXX heart after preservation with St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Autoantibodies against @entity24739 , a @entity141 -binding protein found in @entity1 with @entity12621 ( @entity11930 ), penetrate retinal cells and induce their apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the entry of anti- @entity24739 antibody into E1A.NR3 retinal cells causes a change in intracellular @entity141 . Intracellular @entity141 was measured using the @entity141 -sensitive fluorescent dye @entity593 AM in living E1A.NR3 retinal cells treated with anti- @entity24739 antibody @entity48943 , @entity1 ' autoantibodies, and control @entity35 and human IgG. The exposure of retinal cells to @entity48943 antibody and to the @entity11930 @entity1 ' autoantibodies in vitro caused a significant increase in intracellular @entity141 , while non-specific antibodies did not induce such an effect. Co-treatment of the E1A.NR3 cells with @entity48943 in the presence of @entity594 , a L-type @entity141 channel blocker, significantly suppressed the increase of @entity141 . Treatment with @entity594 also blocked changes in the anti-apoptotic protein @entity1836 and in expressions of the pro-apoptotic protein @entity589 . @entity594 -treated cells also showed a decrease in cytosolic @entity4674 release and a decrease in @entity522 activation, compared to cells treated only with @entity48943 antibody. The increase in the antibody-induced @entity141 is at least in part dependent on extracellular @entity141 . @entity594 was found to inhibit the entry of @entity141 into the cells and to protect them from @entity48943 -induced apoptosis. Increased levels of intracellular @entity141 may lead to @entity989 . Our results provide a molecular basis for the use of @entity141 blockers in the treatment of the @entity11930 .

title: Anti- XXXX antibodies induce an increase in intracellular calcium, leading to apoptosis in retinal cells.

entities_list: @entity11930 :: ('MESH:D056733', 'Disease') :: ['CAR', 'CAR syndrome']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dysfunction and degeneration in the CAR syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12621 :: ('MESH:D019572', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-associated retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

answer: @entity24739 :: (5957,Gene) :: ['recoverin']


abstract: @entity715 is a continuing source of morbidity and mortality following orthotopic liver transplantation. The cornerstone of therapy has been urgent retransplantation that is limited by organ availability. For this reason we developed a policy of urgent revascularization for allograft rescue. @entity715 developed following 15 transplants of which 11 underwent urgent rearterialization. The diagnosis was made a mean of 4.8 days (range 1-10) following transplantation. Duplex ultrasonography was diagnostic in all @entity1 and confirmed by angiography in 4 (36%). Three @entity1 with @entity715 were identified following screening ultrasonography and were clinically unsuspected. Upon reexploration, a specific @entity99 was found in 4 @entity1 (36%). Twelve arterial revascularization procedures were performed in 11 @entity1 including: thrombectomy alone (n = 4); revision of @entity254 with thrombectomy (n = 5); and thrombectomy with placement of vascular conduit (n = 3). Following revascularization, 8 @entity1 maintained hepatic artery patency. Three @entity1 eventually required retransplantation secondary to @entity253 . Biliary tract complications developed in 6 @entity1 , at a mean of 23 days following revascularization and included: breakdown of the biliary @entity254 (n = 4); stricture (n = 1); and sludge formation (n = 1). The overall graft and @entity1 survival are 74% and 82% respectively, with a mean follow-up of 6.8 months. Hepatic allograft rescue with the use of urgent revascularization following @entity715 appears to be an effective means of either avoiding retransplantation or providing a bridge until a suitable donor becomes available.

title: Hepatic allograft rescue following arterial XXXX . Role of urgent revascularization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic artery thrombosis', 'hepatic artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary sepsis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['technical reason for hepatic artery']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Of 112 @entity1 who were subjects of the Medical Research Council's prospective study, 105 (94%) were involved in a longitudinal study follow-up for a mean of 15.3 years postoperatively. Seventy-one @entity1 had radical resection of the @entity66 and bone grafting, and the remaining 34 were treated with debridement surgery at a mean age of 36.7 and 35.3 years, respectively. All these @entity1 were aged 18 years or older at the time of surgery. The @entity1513 and @entity85 angles were measured on lateral spinal radiographs using an electronic digitizer. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Neurologic recovery in both radical and debridement surgical groups were equally good and no @entity1 had @entity158 two years after surgery. There was no incidence of reactivation or recurrence of @entity378 in either surgical group. (2) At the six-month postoperative evaluation, @entity1 who had radical surgery showed marginal correction in @entity85 , whereas those who were treated with debridement showed deterioration in both @entity1513 and @entity85 angles. There was a statistically significant difference between the two surgical groups for the mean changes in @entity1513 and @entity85 angles at the six-month postoperative evaluation compared with their preoperative evaluation. (3) The mean difference for @entity1513 and @entity85 angles at final follow-up evaluation from the @entity1 ' six-month postoperative measurements were not statistically significantly different between the two surgical groups. (4) Forty percent of @entity1 showed an improvement in @entity85 angle by 5 degrees or more after radical surgery at the six-months postoperative evaluation, whereas 53% of @entity1 showed deterioration after debridement surgery. (5) All @entity1 with @entity378 of the lumbar spine treated with radical surgery had normal @entity1515 in the lumbar spine at final follow-up evaluation, compared with only 63% of @entity1 after debridement surgery. Correction achieved after surgery at the six-month evaluation was practically maintained up to final follow-up evaluation. Radical resection and bone grafting provided better correction of @entity85 than did debridement surgery.

title: Surgical management of spinal @entity378 in adults. Hong Kong operation compared with debridement surgery for short and long term outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lesion']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['deformity']


abstract: As the incidence of @entity320 continues to increase, so does the role of the dermatologist as both medical and surgical oncologist for these @entity1 , especially those with stage I disease. The dermatologist holds a key role in all phases of care, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. The dermatologist is best trained to complete a full and thorough skin examination and is best able to recognize a @entity320 at its earliest stages of radial growth. In large part because of advances in dermatology, the @entity6349 has been identified as an important marker and precursor lesion for @entity320 ; the dermatologist has the best knowledge base for the recognition and management of both sporadic and @entity6349 . Dermatologists also have the unique opportunity (by virtue of their @entity1 population concerned with skin problems) to prevent @entity320 through @entity1 education concerning sun protection, self-examinations, and the ABCDs of @entity320 recognition. The dermatologist is well trained to obtain an appropriate, full-thickness skin biopsy specimen and is also knowledgeable to interpret the pathologist's report, understanding the significance of the various histologic prognostic indices. Because of the changing trends in excisional margin size and fewer recommendations for ELND, the dermatologist is becoming more active in the surgical management of @entity320 @entity1 . In the MDMC, the dermatologist was clearly recognized as a capable surgeon to perform the wide local excisions for stage I @entity1 . Almost one half of the @entity1 seen (49%) were surgically treated in the department of dermatology. Of group I @entity1 , 78% were treated by dermatologists. The dermatologist as surgeon should be capable of performing a wide local excision to the level of deep subcutaneous tissue or @entity121 with an appropriate primary layered closure, local flap, or graft. Our experience confirms that the majority of @entity1 present with @entity66 and a thin Breslow depth and thus can be skillfully treated in an outpatient setting under local anesthesia by a dermatologic surgeon. In follow-up, the dermatologist should provide continuity of care and should be knowledgeable in appropriate interval examinations and tests. The dermatologist is thoroughly skilled at the cutaneous examination and has the knowledge base to perform a careful and competent lymph node examination. As primary medical oncologist to these @entity1 , the dermatologist needs to recognize stage II and @entity5 and be able to comprehensively discuss with the @entity1 the options for treatment and how they affect their prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Changing trends in XXXX treatment and the expanding role of the dermatologist.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fascia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['familial dysplastic nevi', 'dysplastic nevus syndrome']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) @entity28938 in @entity28941 and @entity28936 in @entity28942 were identified to be associated with primary @entity2747 (PACG) by a recent large genome-wide association study. This present study is to evaluate the association of @entity28941   @entity28938 and @entity28942   @entity28936 with PACG. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. @entity1 : A total of 25   271 subjects (4895 PACG @entity1 and 20   376 controls) in different ethnicities were tested for @entity28941   @entity28938 and @entity28942 @entity28936 . METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on studies published up to July 2014. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were analysed. Publication bias of the included articles was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OR for the effects of @entity28941   @entity28938 and @entity28942   @entity28936 on PACG risk. RESULTS: Four eligible articles were included in this study for meta-analysis. The overall result showed that SNPs @entity28938 and @entity28936 were statistically associated with PACG (P   <   0.001) in fixed-effects model. Stratified analyses showed that the association of @entity28941   @entity28938 and @entity28942   @entity28936 with PACG was statistically significant in Asian population (including South Indian cohort) (P   <   0.001). In Caucasian population, significant association of @entity28942   @entity28936 with PACG was detected (P   =   0.004), but @entity28941   @entity28938 did not show any association with PACG (P   =   0.140). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that @entity28941   @entity28938 is associated with PACG in Asian population and @entity28942   @entity28936 has a genetic association with the development of PACG both in Caucasian and Asian populations.

title: Genetic associations in @entity28941 and XXXX with primary @entity2747 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity28942 :: (1301,Gene) :: ['COL11A1']


abstract: The factors responsible for the production of @entity3695 -secreting @entity5 are obscure. One hypothesis, that chronic loss of @entity935 control from the hypothalamus may be associated with @entity2013 formation, was tested. Female adult Fischer 344 @entity35 were subjected to ovariectomy and were then given subcutaneous implants of @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) Silastic capsules to produce @entity1373 . Sequential studies assessed the neuronal activity of the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (A12) during and after this @entity172 -induced pituitary growth. Immunocytochemical staining for @entity669 hydroxylase was used as a marker for @entity935 synthesis, plasma radioimmunoassay provided plasma @entity3695 levels, and magnetic resonance imaging and histological studies were performed to examine the structural changes occurring in the pituitary gland. Animals were sacrificed from 3 to 67 days after @entity4743 implantation. To determine the reversibility of the @entity172 -induced changes, @entity35 were also sacrificed at different time intervals after the removal of 30-, 40-, or 60-day @entity4743 implants. After 30 days of @entity4743 treatment, plasma @entity3695 levels increased 40-fold and pituitary weight increased more than threefold. @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactivity diminished gradually and was almost completely depleted at 30 days. Pituitary histology revealed marked @entity3695 cell @entity1373 . These changes were completely reversible; removal of the capsule after 30 days resulted in eventual normalization of plasma @entity3695 levels and pituitary size and in restoration of @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the A12 region. Sixty days of @entity4743 treatment produced large @entity548 with sustained high plasma @entity3695 levels and an irreversibly distorted A12 area. These observations suggest that in these animals loss of @entity935 regulation secondary to @entity172 stimulation initially produces @entity3695 @entity1373 but that prolonged loss leads to @entity652 formation.

title: The importance of XXXX in the pathogenesis of experimental @entity2013 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['lactotrophic hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine', 'Tyrosine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8324 is the second most frequent @entity74 in Europe, and it is based on a disturbance of the transepithelial transport of @entity1434 and @entity1522 in the proximal renal tubule as well as in the intestinum. From the point of view of the urologist, @entity1 suffering from cystine stones represent an important population because they develop a great number of recurrences which necessitate frequent stone removal. METHODS/RESULTS: Advances in the field of molecular genetics have rendered it possible to correlate genotype and phenotype of these @entity1 . In the candidate gene, the @entity32372 gene, 25 mutations in @entity1 suffering from @entity8324 have been described so far. Investigations in our @entity1 (n = 15) as well as results obtained by other study groups have revealed an average detection rate of approximately 50%. The low rate as well as in-depth physiological analyses of the individual mutations indicate that the @entity32372 is a subunit of a heteromeric complex. This supposition is supported by the structure of the transporter as well as by biochemical analyses of the urine of cystinuric @entity1 and their relatives. Investigations on other genomic segments and candidate genes localized there are being performed. However, it has already appeared that @entity8324 is not based on alterations of one single gene, but that a variety of factors combine in the development of this disease. CONCLUSIONS: To be able to offer a molecular genetic diagnosis for @entity1 suffering from @entity8324 , the search for mutations of the @entity32372 gene is being expanded and a screening for other candidate genes set up which are designed to early recognize the risk factors of @entity8324 as well as to be able to initiate early therapy.

title: Genomic and functional investigations of mutations of the XXXX gene in @entity8324 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity8324 :: ('MESH:D003555', 'Disease') :: ['cystinuria', 'Cystinuria']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessively inherited disorder']

answer: @entity32372 :: (6519,Gene) :: ['SLC3A1']


abstract: @entity263 is characterized by a low response rate following second-line therapy. Encouraging results have been reported in Phase II studies with @entity12749 associated with @entity5713 or @entity2879 . @entity1206 is a new semisynthetic @entity18480 that has demonstrated activity in @entity263 . We therefore evaluated the activity of the following schedule: @entity12749 , 400 mg/m2 orally days 1-42; @entity2879 , 50 mg/m2 orally days 1-14; and 28-42; @entity1206 , 20 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 28, and 35; cycles being repeated every 8 weeks. Twenty-five @entity1 have been included and are assessable for response and side effects. @entity1 characteristics were as follows: median age, 71 years (range 55-81); ECOG performance status 0-2; nonosseous disease, 3 cases; bone metastases, 23 cases. Sixty-two cycles have been delivered. Two @entity1 with measurable disease and six @entity1 with @entity79 had a partial remission for an overall response rate of 32% (95% confidence interval 15-53%). Seven @entity1 had stabilization of disease and 10 had progression of disease. Median duration of response was 3 months (range 2-5). @entity1486 in 14 @entity1 (56%) decreased from baseline by at least 50%. @entity137 was manageable. @entity1398 was mild, with only three cases of grade III-IV @entity137 . Two @entity1 had severe @entity417 . The results of this study indicate that the schedule is active and well tolerated in @entity263 @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of XXXX , oral @entity2879 , and @entity1206 in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Hormone-refractory prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinorelbine', 'vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity18480 :: ('CHEBI:27288', 'Chemical') :: ['vinca alkaloid']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity12749 :: (MESH:D004961,Chemical) :: ['estramustine']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which @entity694 treatment in rural North and South Carolina in 1991 and 1996 conformed to national treatment recommendations. Data came from medical records of @entity694 @entity1 residing in rural North and South Carolina. The National @entity5 Institute's Physician Data Query (PDQ) database was used to define state-of-the-art care and to categorize receipt of primary and/or adjuvant treatment. Changes in treatment over time, location, and stage and bivariate relationships between treatment and selected covariates were assessed with chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Regression was used to control for possible interactions between @entity1 and/or disease characteristics and treatment. The majority of @entity694 cases received primary therapy as suggested by the PDQ which was not significantly related to other factors examined. There was variation in provision of adjuvant therapy. Stage III @entity1 received adjuvant therapy significantly more often than did stage II @entity1 (p </= 0.01). Receipt of appropriate adjuvant therapy among stage III @entity1 was significantly associated with younger @entity1 age and white race (p </= 0.05). Rural @entity694 @entity1 are likely to receive primary therapy as recommended by the PDQ, but may be less likely to receive suggested adjuvant therapy. Further understanding of variations in the rate of adjuvant therapy for @entity694 is needed to ensure appropriate treatment regimens are obtained for rural @entity694 @entity1 .

title: XXXX treatment in rural North and South Carolina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the analgesic efficacy and the incidence of side effects of three procedures of epidural @entity1337 during labor. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and one nulliparous pregnant @entity1 at term with cephalic presentation were randomly allocated to 3 groups (A: 31, B: 35, C: 35). Group A was given an initial dose of 8 ml @entity1341 0.25% (20 mg) with @entity1425 1/200,000 and 50 micrograms @entity3575 followed by a continuous infusion of 8 ml/h @entity1341 0.125% (10 mg/h) with @entity1425 1/400,000. The initial dose in group B was 10 ml @entity1341 0.125% (12.5 mg) with @entity1425 1/400,000 and 50 micrograms @entity3575 followed by a continuous infusion of 12 ml/h @entity1341 0.0625% (7.5 mg/h) with @entity1425 1/800,000 and 12 micrograms/h @entity3575 . In group C the initial dose was the same as for group A, but maintenance was provided through a @entity1 -controlled (PCA) system with 5 ml @entity1341 0.25% (12.5 mg) and @entity1425 1/200,000 set for a minimum interval of 1 h. If @entity1337 was inadequate all @entity1 could receive top-ups of 5 ml @entity1341 0.25% (12.5 mg) with @entity1425 1/200,000. RESULTS: Quality of @entity1337 was similar in all three groups. We found no significant differences in level of sensory/motor blockade, hemodynamic changes, side effects or type of delivery. The total dose of @entity1341 was highest in group A, whereas group B received the higher total dose of @entity3575 . The number of Apgar scores under 8 was highest in group A, although the scores rose within 5 min of delivery in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the protocol of choice is the one used with group B (initial dose of 10 ml @entity1341 0.125% + @entity1425 1/400,000 + 50 micrograms @entity3575 followed by 12 ml/h @entity1341 0.0625% + @entity1425 1/800,000 + 12 mu cg/h @entity3575 in continuous infusion). The use of PCA systems with our unscreened @entity1 yielded no advantages over the procedure used with group B.

title: [Comparative study of continuous epidural @entity1337 versus intermittent, XXXX -controlled, epidural @entity1337 during labor].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are a group of autoantibodies first associated with @entity2883 and @entity6129 . The significance of ANCA in @entity775 remains uncertain; the nature of the antigen or antigens has not been defined yet. The purpose of this study was to identify the target antigen of ANCA in @entity1 with @entity775 . METHODS/RESULTS: Sera from 32 type-1 @entity775 @entity1 were used in the present study. ANCA were detected in 24 of 32 sera (75%). A diffuse cytoplasmic staining pattern ( @entity7134 ) was detected in 14 @entity1 ; the P-ANCA pattern was observed in 10 @entity1 . An extract of @entity1 neutrophils was prepared and subjected to @entity214 -PAGE and Western Blot analysis. A 43-kD dominant immunoreactive protein was found in 20 (63%) @entity775 @entity1 . Aminoacid sequence analysis of the 43 kD protein identified actin. Cytoplasmic or perinuclear staining pattern could be reduced after absorption of sera with actin and after removing anti-actin antibodies by affinity chromatography. This was observed for all @entity7134 and for 8 out of 10 P-ANCA. Moreover in double-staining indirect immunofluorescence, the same type of diffuse cytoplasmic staining was observed with @entity775 and anti-actin antibodies. In Western Blot analysis with actin, 17 (53%) @entity1 gave a positive result, while 15 (47%) @entity1 had a positive actin-ELISA. CONCLUSION: This is the first report to identify the cytoskeletal protein actin as an ANCA antigen.

title: Actin is a target antigen of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6129 :: ('MESH:D055953', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis-sera', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis type-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9608 are insulin productive @entity5 originated from the pancreatic beta cells with an incidence of 4/1 million @entity1 . It is more prevalent between the 5th and 6th decade, in @entity1 (2:1) and from the endocrine @entity788 is the more frequent (50% to 60%). @entity9608 behave as a @entity5 when the diameter is inferior to 2 cm. The diagnosis is mainly clinical and laboratorial. Surgery is the unique treatment with potential cure. AIM: The present observation reports the use of simultaneous laparoscopic resection associated to intraoperative ultrasonography. METHODS: Five @entity1 were studied (3 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) with age from 20 to 53 years old, clinically diagnosed with @entity9608 . After image work out it was proposed nuclear resection of the @entity9608 by laparoscopic technique associated to intraoperative ultrasonography. RESULTS: The @entity1 had a complete remission of @entity5 related @entity4053 and one @entity1 developed a @entity3472 and other a pancreatic pseudocist with good postoperative resolution. CONCLUSIONS: The videolaparoscopic approach for the surgical treatment of @entity9608 is feasible. The intraoperative ultrasonography helps to identify the lesions and check their complete resection with low complication rate.

title: [Laparoscopic surgical treatment of XXXX with the use of intraoperative ultrasonography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Insulinoma', 'insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

answer: @entity9608 :: (MESH:D007340,Disease) :: ['insulinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity5442 ( @entity5442 ) are a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by chronic inflammation of muscles, resulting in skeletal @entity425 . Racial differences are apparent in the clinical manifestations and outcome of @entity5442 . No previous studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical manifestations and outcome of Puerto Ricans with @entity5442 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe demographic characteristics, clinical features, and functional outcome of Puerto Rican @entity1 with @entity5442 . METHODS: Medical records at a university medical center were reviewed retrospectively to collect data regarding demographic factors, initial presentation, diagnostic tests, serologic markers, treatment, and disease course. A Functional Grading Scale was administered to 40 of the @entity1 with @entity5442 to determine their functional status. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity5442 were identified. Eight @entity1 had @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ), 23 @entity1 had @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ), 2 @entity1 had @entity6017 / @entity6558 with coexistent @entity5 , 12 @entity1 had juvenile @entity6017 , and 5 @entity1 had @entity6017 / @entity6558 with an associated other @entity66 . At diagnosis, proximal @entity425 was present in all @entity1 , 15 (30%) had @entity925 , 5 (10%) @entity1 had @entity1282 , and 87% had elevation of serum muscle enzymes. Visceral involvement was rare. Interstitial @entity82 was identified in only 2 @entity1 (1 juvenile @entity6017 and 1 @entity6558 ). Twenty-six @entity1 (51%) achieved complete remission. The mean score for the Functional Grading Scale was 28.6 (maximum 30). The lowest scores were seen for @entity1 with disease duration of less than 2 years. CONCLUSION: Puerto Ricans with @entity5442 in this survey showed a low presence of visceral involvement, high remission rate, and low mortality.

title: Retrospective review of the clinical manifestations and outcomes in Puerto Ricans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['IIM', 'idiopathic inflammatory myopathies']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatologic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['idiopathic inflammatory myopathies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in the mesocorticolimbic (MCL) system may mediate @entity716 . In addition, pharmacological dopaminergic manipulation may coincide with altered functional connectivity (fc) 'in rest'. We set out to test whether MCL-fc is conditional on (familial risk for) @entity914 and/or interactions with environmental exposures. METHOD: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 63 @entity1 with @entity914 , 73 non-psychotic siblings of @entity1 with @entity914 and 59 healthy controls. With the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as seed region, fc within the MCL system was estimated. Regression analyses adjusting for a priori hypothesized confounders were used to assess group differences in MCL connectivity as well as gene (group) * environmental exposure interactions (G * E) (i.e. to @entity835 , developmental @entity130 and urbanicity). RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1 and siblings had decreased fc between the right NAcc seed and the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as well as the left middle cingulate cortex ( @entity60308 ). Siblings showed decreased connectivity between the NAcc seed and lentiform nucleus compared with @entity1 and controls. In addition, @entity1 had decreased left NAcc connectivity compared with siblings in the left middle frontal gyrus. There was no evidence for a significant interaction between group and the three environmental exposures in the model of MCL-fc. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced @entity60308 connectivity was seen in @entity1 and siblings, suggesting that altered OFC connectivity and @entity60308 connectivity are vulnerability markers for @entity914 . Differential exposure to environmental risk factors did not make an impact on the association between familial risk and MCL connectivity.

title: Altered mesocorticolimbic functional connectivity in XXXX : an analysis of proxy genetic and environmental effects.

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorder']


abstract: @entity1820 (GNET) is a rare soft tissue @entity242 , previously referred to as @entity1820 ( @entity1820 ) and also commonly reported in the literature as clear cell @entity242 of the gastrointestinal tract (CCS-GI). The current study reports a case of GNET arising in the stomach of a 17-year-old male, who presented with symptoms of @entity1295 , @entity417 and low temperature. Examination with positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed a soft tissue mass in the gastric antrum. Subsequently, radical distal gastric resection was performed, and the mass measured 6.0 4.0 3.5 cm(3). Histopathological analysis revealed that the @entity5 cells were arranged in nests and focally formed fascicular, pseudopapillary, @entity851 patterns. Osteoclast-like giant cells were also observed. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2281 protein, @entity2277 and @entity588 , and negative for HMB45, Melan-A, @entity2467 , @entity2280 and @entity3778 . Additionally, the osteoclast-like giant cells were positive for @entity469 . Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated @entity12726 gene rearrangement. After 10 months of follow-up, no evidence of recurrence or @entity3 was observed. As GNET is currently classified differently and under various names in the literature, the information provided by this case study and review is predicted to be useful towards the accurate diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this rare @entity5 type.

title: XXXX : A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoalveolar and rosette-like growth']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell sarcoma-like gastrointestinal tumor', 'Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor', 'CCSLGT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The treatment of biliary tract infections requires antibiotics and an appropriate surgical procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity3400 / @entity7120 versus @entity2756 plus @entity5803 in the treatment of biliary tract infections. @entity1 AND METHOD: This was a randomized, prospective and comparative clinical trial of two antibiotic regimens in the treatment of @entity253 . One hundred and fifty three @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups; three @entity1 were excluded after randomization. One group (n = 75) received @entity3400 / @entity7120 (4 g/8 h iv) and the other group (n = 75) was administered a combination of @entity2756 (2 g/24 h iv) plus @entity5803 (1 g/24 h iv). In both groups, protocolized surgical or endoscopic procedures were carried out. Clinical efficacy and safety were assessed at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Demographic data and severity of disease were similar in both groups. Three @entity1 were excluded of the study by deviations from the protocol. Sixty-seven @entity1 (89.3%) out of the @entity3400 / @entity7120 group and sixty-six @entity1 (88%) out of the @entity2756 plus @entity5803 group were clinically cured (OR = 0.87 [95% CI, 0.31-2.4]). Twelve @entity1 died, seven in the @entity3400 / @entity7120 group and five in the @entity2756 plus @entity5803 group. Adverse events were similar in both groups (OR = 1.18 [95% CI, 0.37-3.7]). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity3400 / @entity7120 is as efficacious and safe as @entity2756 plus @entity5803 in the treatment of biliary tract infections.

title: [Randomized, prospective and comparative clinical trial of XXXX / @entity7120 versus @entity2756 plus @entity5803 in the treatment of biliary tract infections].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity5803 :: ('MESH:D009950', 'Chemical') :: ['ornidazole']

answer: @entity3400 :: (MESH:D010878,Chemical) :: ['piperacillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: About 50% of @entity1 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit have @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), and about 10%-20% of them died. Early risk stratification is important to reduce mortality. Plasma @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ) is @entity32 and infection. Its ability to predict mortality in @entity1850 @entity1 is of interest. We evaluated the ability of serial measurement of @entity15901 for the prediction of mortality in critically ill @entity1 with @entity1850 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a single-center, prospective, observational study. @entity1 who fulfill the @entity1850 criteria were recruited in the study. Delta @entity15901 at 24 and 48 h (  @entity15901 -24 and   @entity15901 -48) was defined as 24 and 48 h @entity15901 minus day 1 @entity15901 ; @entity15901 clearance (NGALc) was defined as percentage of   @entity15901 over day 1 @entity15901 . The primary outcome of the study is in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: A total of 151 @entity1 were analyzed, of which 53 (35%) died. Nonsurvivors were older (51 vs. 45, P = 0.03) and had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (9    7 vs. 7    4, P = 0.02) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (47    15 vs. 40    15, P = 0.01) scores as compared to survivors. @entity15901 concentrations over 3 days were higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (repeated measures analysis of variance, P = 0.02). Day 1 @entity15901 ,   @entity15901 -24, and NGALc-24 were not independently predictive of mortality. However, day 3 @entity15901 ,   @entity15901 -48, and NGALc-48 were predictive after adjusted for age and severity of @entity221 (odds ratio 9.1 [1.97-41.7]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity15901 dynamics over 48 h independently predicted mortality in critically ill @entity1 with @entity1850 . This could assist clinicians in risk stratification of this group of high-risk @entity1 .

title: Dynamic Changes of Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Predicted Mortality in Critically Ill @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increased by inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity15901 :: ('3934', 'Gene') :: ['neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin', 'NGAL']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of alarm symptoms for specified @entity5 diagnoses and @entity5 diagnoses in primary care. DESIGN: Cohort study using the general practice research database. SETTING: 128 general practices in the UK contributing data, 1994-2000. @entity1 : 762 325 @entity1 aged 15 or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Up to 15 pre-specified, @entity5 diagnoses associated with four alarm symptoms (haematuria, haemoptysis, @entity1282 , @entity548 ) at 90 days and three years after the first recorded alarm symptom. For each outcome analyses were implemented separately in a time to event framework. Data were censored if @entity1 died, left the practice, or reached the end of the study period. RESULTS: We analysed data on first episodes of haematuria (11 108), haemoptysis (4812), @entity1282 (5999), or @entity548 (15 289). Non- @entity5 diagnoses were common in @entity1 who presented with alarm symptoms. The proportion diagnosed with either @entity5 diagnoses generally increased with age. In @entity1 presenting with haematuria, the proportions diagnosed with either @entity5 diagnoses within 90 days were 17.5% (95% confidence interval 16.4% to 18.6%) in @entity1 and 18.3% (17.4% to 19.3%) in @entity1 . For the other symptoms the proportions were 25.7% (23.8% to 27.8%) and 24% (22.5% to 25.6%) for haemoptysis, 17.2% (16% to 18.5%) and 22.6% (21% to 24.3%) for @entity1282 , and 14.5% (13.7% to 15.3%) and 16.7% (15.8% to 17.5%) for @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Clinically relevant diagnoses are made in a high proportion of @entity1 presenting with alarm symptoms. For every four to seven @entity1 evaluated for haematuria, haemoptysis, @entity1282 , or @entity548 , relevant diagnoses will be identified in one @entity1 within 90 days.

title: Alarm symptoms and identification of XXXX diagnoses in primary care: cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer or non-cancer', 'cancer', 'non-cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['non-cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few characteristics have been identified as risk factors for @entity2685 . We sought to investigate a potential relationship with multiparity based on clinical observation at our institution. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective case series, we analyzed all @entity2685 recognized at or after delivery between October 2003 and March 2013 (n=78) at a single academic medical institution. @entity1 , @entity1 , labor and delivery characteristics were compared for @entity1 with and without prior vaginal deliveries. RESULT: Of the 78 injuries, 71 (91%) occurred after a vaginal delivery and 7 (9%) after a cesarean delivery. Of the 71 injuries after a vaginal delivery, 58% occurred in @entity1 with a prior vaginal delivery (n=41, 5.7 per 10   000 live births) compared with 42% without a prior vaginal delivery (n=30, 4.0 per 10   000 live births). Multiparous @entity1 had shorter labor courses and fewer labor interventions than nulliparous @entity1 . Providers clinically underestimated the birth weights to a greater extent in multiparas than in nulliparas (median underestimation 590 vs 139   g, P=0.0016). The median birth weight was 4060   g in the multiparous group, which was significantly larger than affected @entity1 born to the nulliparous group (3591   g, P=0.006). The affected @entity1 of the multiparous group were, as expected, significantly larger than their previously born siblings (median 567   g larger, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity2685 occurred as frequently in multiparous @entity1 as in nulliparous @entity1 . In general, multiparous @entity1 are more likely to have larger @entity1 ; however, providers significantly underestimate the birth weight of their @entity1 . The findings of this study should deter providers from assuming that a prior vaginal delivery is protective against @entity2685 .Journal of Perinatology advance online publication, 14 January 2016; doi:10.1038/jp.2015.205.

title: Relationship between parity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants', 'Patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries', 'Brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injuries']


abstract: The objective was to study the impact of birth weight on the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure and urinary @entity1372 excretion in @entity1 and adolescents. The study included 134 healthy @entity1 (61 @entity1 ), all Caucasians, who were born at term after a normotensive pregnancy. For each subject, a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and a complete urine collection were simultaneously performed according to the protocols designed. Average ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and the urinary excretion rates for @entity1372 , @entity972 , and @entity1011 were calculated separately for 24-hour, awake, and sleep periods defined by a mini-diary. The excretion rate of @entity1372 during sleep time was positively correlated with ambulatory systolic BP; such a positive relationship was not found for waking hours. Consequently, the impact of birth weight on the relationship between blood pressure and the urinary @entity1372 excretion rate was analyzed during sleeping hours. Stepwise multiple regression analysis shows that although current weight was the strongest predictor for the @entity1372 excretion rate during sleep (P<.001), there was also an independent significant direct relationship for birth weight (P<.04) after controlling for age, sex, and the average of systolic BP during sleep. Adjusted for current weight, a significant difference in the regression slopes relating urinary @entity1372 excretion rate and systolic BP during sleep exists between @entity1 in the lowest (<3.100 kg) and the highest tertiles (>3.500 kg) of birth weight (P<.02). Differences in @entity1372 excretion rates, adjusted for current weight, between the two extreme tertiles of birth weight became significant at the highest systolic BP (P<.04). The @entity1 who had the lowest birth weight tended to excrete less @entity1372 during sleep. The results of the present study show a blunted pressure natriuresis curve in @entity1 and adolescents with the lowest birth weight. Whether this abnormal renal @entity1372 handling may be present as an initial or as an intermediate mechanism leading to higher BP values must be assessed in additional studies.

title: Current and birth weights exert independent influences on nocturnal pressure-natriuresis relationships in normotensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The endocrine status of @entity1 receiving proton radiation for @entity5 of the upper clivus was reviewed to evaluate the effect of high dose treatment on the pituitary gland. The fourteen @entity1 had @entity3580 or low grade @entity511 and were all treated by the same techniques. The median @entity5 dose was 69.7 Cobalt Gray Equivalent (CGE) with a range from 66.6 to 74.4 CGE. (CGE is used because modulated protons have an RBE of 1.1 compared to 60Co). The daily fraction size was 1.8-2.1 CGE. The median follow-up time is 48 months, ranging from 30 to 68 months. All treatments were planned using a computerized multi-dimensional system with the position of the pituitary outlined on the planning CT scan. Review of the dose distribution indicated that the dose to the pituitary ranged from 60.5 to 72.3 CGE, with a median of 67.6 CGE. One female @entity1 had decreased thyroid and gonadotropin function at the time of diagnosis and has been on hormone replacement since that time. The other three females were all pre-menopausal at the time of radiotherapy. At this time four @entity1 (3 males and 1 female) have developed endocrine abnormalities 14 to 45 months after irradiation. All four had evidence of @entity1375 and two have also developed @entity21422 . The three males had decreased @entity251 levels; the female @entity1 developed @entity2588 and @entity4089 . All four are asymptomatic with ongoing hormone replacement.

title: Endocrine function following high dose proton therapy for XXXX of the upper clivus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity21422 :: ('MESH:D049913', 'Disease') :: ['corticotropin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Typical antipsychotics are commonly used in combination with mood stabilizers for acute @entity162 . Although typical antipsychotics are effective, they have undesirable side effects such as induction of @entity308 and @entity910 . Atypical antipsychotics have more favorable side effect profiles, and recent evidence shows their efficacy in treating @entity162 . Apart from a previous small study that compared @entity1090 with typical neuroleptics as add-on therapy to mood stabilizers, no studies to date have directly compared atypical antipsychotics with typical antipsychotics as add-on therapy to mood stabilizers in a clinically relevant, naturalistic setting. METHOD: This study is a chart review of all @entity1 with DSM-IV-defined @entity162 , current @entity162 (N = 204), admitted to the University of British Columbia Hospital during a 30-month period. @entity1 were separated into 3 groups according to the medications used: (1) mood stabilizer and typical antipsychotic, (2) mood stabilizer and atypical antipsychotic, and (3) combination: mood stabilizer plus a typical antipsychotic, then switched to mood stabilizer plus @entity1090 or @entity1037 within I week. The atypical group was further subdivided into @entity1090 and @entity1037 subgroups. Outcome was measured using Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and -Improvement (CGI-I) ratings generated by review of clinical information in the chart. RESULTS: @entity1 treated with typical antipsychotics were more severely ill at admission and at discharge than those treated with atypical antipsychotics. @entity1 in the atypical (p < .005) and combination (p < .05) groups showed significantly greater clinical improvement at discharge than @entity1 treated with typical antipsychotics. This difference was also significant in the subset of @entity1 with @entity716 features (p < .03). @entity1090 and @entity1037 were associated with fewer extrapyramidal side effects than were typical antipsychotics ( @entity1090 vs. typical antipsychotics, chi2 = 8.72, p < .01; @entity1037 vs. typical antipsychotics, chi2 = 16.9, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Due to their superior effectiveness and side effect profile when compared with typical antipsychotics. atypical antipsychotics are an excellent choice as add-on therapy to mood stabilizers for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity162 .

title: Comparative efficacy of typical and atypical antipsychotics as add-on therapy to mood stabilizers in the treatment of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'episode mania', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['mania']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute transient antidepressant effects of @entity1949 are consistently observed in 50% of @entity308 @entity1 , but the mechanisms of these, at times, dramatic improvements in mood have not been adequately elucidated. Some, but not all, studies suggest a relationship to increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion. METHODS: TSH and other thyroid indices were measured at 8:00 AM after a baseline night's sleep and at 8:00 AM following a night of @entity1949 (S.D.) in 34 medication-free, @entity1316 @entity1 assessed with Hamilton, Beck, and @entity308 ratings as well as two hourly self-ratings on a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, S.D. induced highly significant increases in TSH, @entity1955 , free @entity1955 , and @entity1954 . The 12 S.D. responders tended to have greater TSH increases than the 15 nonresponders (p < .10). The change in Beck depression ratings significantly correlated with the change in TSH (r = -.40, p = .0496, n = 24). CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with several other reports of a significant relationship between degree of antidepressant response to S.D. and increases in TSH measured at 8:00 AM near their usual nadir. Acute removal of the sleep-related break on the @entity2339 remains a promising candidate for the mechanism of @entity1949 -induced improvement in mood in @entity308 @entity1 .

title: Relationships between thyroid hormone and antidepressant responses to @entity1949 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'total sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Bunney-Hamburg depression', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorder']


abstract: Peripheral feeding-related hormones such as leptin, insulin, and ghrelin exert their main central effects through @entity7766 - (NPY) synthesizing and @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ) synthesizing neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. In rodents, recent reports have described an asymmetric signaling between these neuron populations by showing that while NPY influences @entity4545 -synthesizing neurons, the melanocortin-receptor agonist Melanotan II (MTII) does not modulate the electrophysiological properties of NPY neurons. The functional neuroanatomy of the relationship between these cell populations is unknown in @entity1 . The aim of the current study was to analyze the putative relationship of the orexigenic NPY and anorexigenic @entity4545 systems in the infundibular nucleus of the @entity1 hypothalamus, the analogue of the rodent arcuate nucleus. Double-labeling fluorescent immunocytochemistry for NPY and @entity4545 was performed on postmortem sections of the @entity1 hypothalamus. The sections were analyzed by confocal laser microscopy. Both NPY- and @entity4545 -immunoreactive (IR) neurons were embedded in dense, intermingling networks of NPY- and @entity4545 -IR axons in the @entity1 infundibular nucleus. NPY-IR varicosities were observed in juxtaposition to all @entity4545 -IR neurons. The mean number of NPY-IR axon varicosities on the surface of an @entity4545 -IR neuron was approximately six. The majority of NPY-IR neurons were also contacted by @entity4545 -IR varicosities, although, the number of such contacts was lower (two @entity4545 -IR varicosities per NPY neuron). In summary, the present data demonstrate that these two antagonistic, feeding-related neuronal systems are interconnected in the infundibular nucleus, and the neuronal wiring possesses an asymmetric character in the @entity1 hypothalamus.

title: Interconnection between orexigenic @entity7766 - and anorexigenic alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-synthesizing neuronal systems of the XXXX hypothalamus.

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-', 'alpha-MSH']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent studies suggest that enlarged @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) may predict @entity65 in absence of aneurysmatic alterations. Little is known about the influence of renal function on @entity2333 . Our study was aimed to assess the relationships between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and @entity2333 in @entity101 subjects. METHODS: We enrolled 611 @entity101 individuals (mean age: 52  15 years; @entity1 63%). @entity2333 was measured by echocardiography at the level of Valsalva's sinuses using M-mode tracings. It was considered as absolute measure, normalized to body surface area ( @entity2333 /BSA) and indexed to height ( @entity2333 /H). GFR was estimated by the @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The study population was categorized into seven groups: subjects without @entity740 (no CKD) and subjects with increasing severity of CKD (1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5), as proposed by the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. RESULTS: @entity2333 /BSA and @entity2333 /H showed a stepwise increase from the group with normal renal function to the groups with increasing severity of CKD. GFR correlated significantly with @entity2333 (r=-0.17), @entity2333 /BSA (r=-0.43) and @entity2333 /H (r=-0.35; all P<0.001). The associations of GFR with @entity2333 /BSA (b=-0.26; P<0.001) and @entity2333 / @entity8108 (b=-0.13; P=0.01) held in linear multiple regression analyses, after adjustment for various confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Our study seems to suggest that a reduced renal function may adversely influence @entity2333 . This may contribute to explain the enhanced cardiovascular risk associated with @entity177 .

title: Relationship between aortic root size and glomerular filtration rate in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['ARD', 'aortic root diameter']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: @entity35411 (Pae) has been previously reported to protect against @entity731 ( @entity731 ) by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation or vascular endothelial cell (VEC) injury. But studies lack how VSMCs and VECs interact when Pae plays a role. The current study was based on a coculture model of VSMCs and VECs to investigate the protective mechanisms of Pae on @entity731 ( @entity731 ) by determining the secretory function of VECs and proliferation of VSMCs focusing on the Ras- @entity8496 - @entity1366 signaling pathway. VECs were stimulated by high @entity413 . Our data showed that high concentration (35.5   mM) of @entity413 induced damage in VECs. Injury of VECs stimulated VSMC proliferation in the coculture model. Pae (120      M) decreased @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6006 ( @entity6006 ) release from VECs and inhibited overexpression of Ras, P- @entity8496 , and P-ERK proteins in VSMCs. The results indicate that @entity6 modulates the inflammatory response in VECs to stimulate VSMC proliferation and promote the development of @entity731 . Pae was beneficial by inhibiting the inflammatory effects of VECs on VSMC proliferation. This study suggests the inhibitory mechanism of Pae due to the inhibition of @entity7 and @entity6006 secretion in VECs and Ras- @entity8496 - @entity1366 signaling pathway in VSMCs.

title: @entity35411 Inhibits Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Stimulated by High @entity413 via Ras- XXXX - @entity1366 Signaling Pathway in Coculture Model.

entities_list: @entity6006 :: ('5155', 'Gene') :: ['PDGF-B', 'platelet derivative growth factor B']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8496 :: (22882,Gene) :: ['Raf']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the CT findings of pathologically confirmed primary @entity706 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT examinations of 11 @entity1 with pathologically proven primary @entity706 (9 BALT @entity706 ) were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists. Evaluated findings included morphology (consolidation, mass, nodule), number and distribution of lesions. Other CT findings such as air bronchogram, @entity3329 , @entity891 and @entity1143 were also assessed. RESULTS: Pulmonary lesions were depicted as airspace consolidation ( @entity55 -like) in 5 @entity1 (45%), @entity5 -like rounded opacity in 4 (36%), and nodules in 4 (36%). Multiple and bilateral lung lesions were seen in 3 @entity1 (27%). Air bronchogram was present in 7 @entity1 (63%), @entity3329 in 3 (27%), @entity891 in 4 (36%) and @entity1143 in only 1 (9%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results agree with previous studies regarding lesion patterns and their relative frequency. A smaller number of nodules and multiple lesions were found compared with some previous studies. The most frequent pattern was airspace consolidation.

title: CT findings in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas and 2 non-BALT lymphomas', 'pulmonary lymphomas', 'pulmonary lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['pulmonary lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the neuromuscular blocking and chronotropic effects of @entity2898 in @entity468 anaesthetized for surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: Twenty-two healthy @entity468 of mixed breed presented for ovariectomy (n = 13) or castration (n = 9). Mean body mass (+/-SD) was 3.6 +/- 0.65 kg and mean age was 10.25 +/- 2.63 months. METHODS: Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) @entity1363 (0.3 mg kg(-1)), @entity3652 (3 mg kg(-1)) and @entity12691 (0.4 mg kg(-1)). Tracheal intubation was performed and anaesthesia was maintained with @entity5161 delivered in 100% @entity26 . Neuromuscular function was monitored using acceleromyography applied at the ulnar nerve. This was stimulated by using the @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) stimulus pattern (2 Hz) delivered every 15 seconds. The first train was made to establish baseline values for the first twitch (T1) and the @entity3370 -ratio (T4:T1). @entity2898 (0.6 mg kg(-1) IV) was given and the following periods were recorded beginning at the end of injection: (1) lag time (LT) - to the first signs of T1 @entity308 ; (2) onset time (OT) - to the total ablation of T1; (3) duration of action (T1(25)) - to 25% recovery of the baseline value for T1; (4) T1(50)- to 50% baseline T1 restoration; (5) to @entity3370 -ratios of 0.7 and 0.9. The time taken for T1 to recover from 75% to 25% @entity308 (T1(25-75)) was also recorded. Heart rate (HR) was taken every minute for 15 minutes, beginning 5 minutes before @entity2898 was injected. RESULTS: @entity2898 (0.6 mg kg(-1)) had a mean LT of 15.0 +/- 0 seconds, OT of 46 +/- 11 seconds and T1(25) of 13.2 +/- 2.7 minutes. The mean time for @entity3370 0.7 and 0.9 was 17.3 +/- 5.4 and 20.7 +/- 5.4 minutes respectively. The mean T1(25-75) was 4.8 +/- 2.4 minutes. No significant changes in HR were observed at any of the time intervals recorded. CONCLUSION: @entity2898 is an effective nondepolarizing muscle relaxant in the cat under the clinical conditions of this study. It has a rapid onset, a short duration of action and did not cause significant changes in HR.

title: A clinical study of the effects of @entity2898 in XXXX -anaesthetized @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium', 'Rocuronium', 'rocuronium bromide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']