abstract: PURPOSE: To  collect response rates of primary cutaneous @entity2108 , a rare @entity784 , to @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), and to determine potential prognostic factors predictive of outcome. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study was a retrospective analysis of @entity1 with primary cutaneous @entity2108 who received @entity1161 as primary therapy or after surgical excision. Data collected include @entity5 , @entity1161 (electron/photon), total dose, fractionation, response to treatment, and local recurrence. Radiation therapy was delivered at 8 participating International @entity706 Radiation Oncology Group institutions worldwide. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 met the eligibility criteria, and 63 @entity5 were treated: head and neck (27%), trunk (14%), upper extremities (27%), and lower extremities (32%). Median @entity5 size was 2.25  cm (range, 0.6-12  cm). T classification included T1, 40 @entity1 (71%); T2, 12 @entity1 (21%); and T3, 4 @entity1 (7%). The median radiation dose was 35  Gy (range, 6-45  Gy). Complete clinical response (CCR) was achieved in 60 of 63 @entity5 (95%) and partial response in 3 @entity5 (5%). After CCR, 1 @entity5 recurred locally (1.7%) after 36  Gy and 7  months after @entity1161 . This was the only @entity1 to die of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Primary cutaneous @entity2108 is a rare, indolent @entity706 with a low death rate. This analysis, which was restricted to @entity1 selected for treatment with radiation, indicates that achieving CCR was independent of radiation dose. Because there were too few failures (<2%) for statistical analysis on dose response, 30  Gy seems to be adequate for local control, and even lower doses may suffice.

title: Radiation Therapy for Primary XXXX : An International @entity706 Radiation Oncology Group Multi-institutional Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoma', 'cutaneous lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RT modality', 'radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'initial stage of disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity2108 :: (MESH:D017728,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma']


abstract: 1. Myocyte-dependent regulation of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) quantal secretion from developing motoneurons was studied in day-3 @entity1238 nerve-muscle co-cultures. Spontaneous synaptic currents (SSCs) were measured in manipulated synapses by using whole-cell voltage-clamped myocytes. Changes in SSC amplitude were assumed to reflect changes in the @entity1617 content of secreted quantal packets. Compared with natural synapses, motoneurons without any contact with a myocyte (naive neurons) released @entity1617 in smaller quantal packets. 2. @entity162 , which were in contact with a myocyte with one axon branch (contact-end) but remained free at another axon branch (free-end), were further used to examine quantal @entity1617 secretion. The @entity1617 quantal size recorded at free-end terminals was similar to that of naive neurons and was smaller than that at the contact-end, indicating that myocyte contact exerts differential regulation on quantal secretion in the same neuron. 3. Some of the neurons that formed a natural synapse with a myocyte continued to grow forward and @entity1617 quantal secretion from the free growth cone was examined. The @entity1617 quantal size recorded at free growth cones was inversely proportional to the distance to the natural synapse, implying localized regulation of quantal secretion by the myocyte. 4. Chronic treatment of day-1 cultures with @entity13981 and @entity2899 , respectively, increased and decreased the neurotrophic action of myocytes when assayed on day 3. 5. Taken together, these findings suggest that the myocyte is an important postsynaptic target in the regulation of quantal secretion and that the trophic action is spatially restricted to the neighbourhood of the neuromuscular junction.

title: Target-dependent regulation of @entity934 secretion at developing motoneurons in XXXX cell cultures.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar cultured motoneurons']

entities_list: @entity13981 :: ('MESH:D014701', 'Chemical') :: ['veratridine']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: Infantile dural arteriovenous @entity292 is a rare @entity600 carrying a poor prognosis with an anatomic cure of only 9%. Endovascular embolization is mainly selected to treat this entity, aiming to obtain normal development of the @entity1 . We present a case of a 20-month-old @entity1 with @entity302 . Digital subtraction angiography revealed a dural arteriovenous @entity292 involving the right transverse sinus. The arteriovenous @entity292 was fed by multiple dural branches from the middle meningeal, occipital, meningohypophyseal, and @entity76 . The right transverse sinus was transvenously embolized with @entity902 coils. Although the shunt flow remained, the @entity1 was liberated from @entity302 . Nine months later, the @entity1 suffered from a recurrence of @entity302 . Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated some increase in shunt flow. Right middle meningeal, occipital, posterior deep temporal, and tentorial arteries were transarterially embolized using @entity7548 , followed by complete surgical resection of the right transverse sinus. The shunt flow disappeared after surgery, and her @entity302 improved significantly. Our experience suggests that the combination of endovascular and surgical treatment is effective for recurrent @entity2457 .

title: [Childhood transverse sinus dural arteriovenous XXXX treated with endovascular and direct surgery: a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['infantile dural arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['N-butyl cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['anteroinferior cerebellar arteries']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 in @entity1 are associated with @entity497 and problems with peers. We propose a model which suggests different mechanisms for the impact of deficits in self-oriented social skills (assertiveness and social participation) and other-oriented social skills (pro-social, cooperative and non-aggressive behaviors) on @entity1 's @entity308 . We hypothesized that deficits in self-oriented social skills have a direct impact on @entity1 's @entity308 because these @entity1 have non-rewarding interactions with peers, whereas the impact of @entity497 on @entity308 is mediated through negative reactions from peers such as peer victimization. METHOD: 378 kindergarten @entity1 (163 @entity1 ) participated at two assessments (Age at T1: M = 5.8, T2: M = 7.4). Teachers completed questionnaires on @entity1 's social skills at T1. Teacher reports on peer victimization and @entity308 were assessed at both assessment points. RESULTS: Our study partially confirmed the suggested conceptual model. Deficits in self-oriented social skills significantly predicted @entity308 , whereas @entity497 were more strongly associated with peer victimization. Longitudinal associations between other-oriented social skills and @entity308 were mediated through peer victimization. CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes the role of deficits in self-oriented social skills and peer victimization for the development of internalizing disorders.

title: @entity308 from kindergarten to early school age: longitudinal associations with XXXX and peer victimization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in other-oriented social skills', 'social skills deficits']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'Depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['social skills deficits']


abstract: AIM: The study was a prospective randomised controlled double-masked trial performed in two centres to compare sub-threshold micropulse diode laser photocoagulation (MPDL) with @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ) in the treatment of clinically significant @entity6 (CSMO). METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 (84 eyes) with @entity6 CSMO were randomly assigned to MPDL (n = 44) or @entity7617 (n = 40) according to the modified Early Treatment @entity6 Study (ETDRS) protocol. Treatments were performed after baseline and re-treatments were allowed at or after the 4 month visit if necessary. Parameters noted included the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), colour fundus photographs, central retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT), vision contrast sensitivity with Pelli-Robson charts and presence of visible laser scars at baseline and at 4 and 12 months. The primary outcome was BCVA at 12 months. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed 12 months of follow-up after treatment at baseline. There were no statistically significant differences in BCVA, contrast sensitivity and retinal thickness between the two laser modalities at 0, 4 and 12 months. We found that laser scarring was much more apparent with @entity7617 than with the sub-threshold approach (MPDL). Laser scars were identified at the 12 month visits in 13.9% of the MPDL-treated eyes compared with 59.0% of the @entity7617 -treated eyes (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Sub-threshold micropulse diode laser photocoagulation is equally as effective as @entity7617 treatment for CSMO. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISTRN 90646644.

title: Prospective randomised controlled trial comparing sub-threshold micropulse diode laser photocoagulation and conventional green laser for clinically significant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['conventional green laser photocoagulation', 'CGL']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'diabetic', 'diabetic macular oedema']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular oedema']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify predictors of nonneoplastic parenchymal volume excised during minimally invasive @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) and determine the impact on postoperative renal function. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 206 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic or robot-assisted @entity1625 between 2003 and 2011. Parenchymal volume was estimated by subtraction of calculated @entity5 volume from total specimen volume. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the association of parenchymal volume with @entity5 and surgical factors. Percent and absolute changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on the day after surgery, 1 to 12 months, and >12 months after surgery were correlated with parenchymal volume. RESULTS: Increased @entity5 size (P<0.001), earlier era of surgery (P=0.04), and longer @entity63 time (P=0.05) were associated with higher parenchymal volume. Robotic surgery was not associated with better parenchymal preservation. Median percent change in eGFR at 1 to 12 months (mean=6.7 months) and >12 months (mean=28.3 months) was -10.9% and -12.1%, respectively. No association was found between the volume of parenchyma and change in eGFR. Longer @entity63 time was associated with decrease in eGFR only the first day after surgery (P=0.005). Higher body mass index BMI and Charlson comorbidity index and lower preoperative eGFR were associated with decrease in eGFR 1 to 12 months after surgery (P=0.006, 0.04, 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, larger @entity5 , longer @entity63 time, and earlier era of @entity1625 were associated with increased amount of nonneoplastic parenchyma excised during surgery. We did not observe a relationship between absolute volume of parenchyma and change in renal function after surgery. Baseline renal function and comorbidities were the strongest determinants of long-term renal function.

title: The volume of nonneoplastic parenchyma in a minimally invasive XXXX specimen: predictive factors and impact on renal function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'partial nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['partial nephrectomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity379 release assays (IGRA) are now available alternatives to @entity272 ( @entity272 ) for detection of latent @entity378 (LTBI). We compared the cost-effectiveness of @entity272 and IGRA in different populations and clinical situations, and with variation of a number of parameters. METHODS: Markov modelling was used to compare expected @entity1906 cases and costs over 20 years following screening for @entity1906 with different strategies among hypothetical cohorts of foreign-born entrants to Canada, or contacts of @entity1906 cases. The less expensive commercial IGRA, Quanti-FERON- @entity1906 Gold (QFT), was examined. Model inputs were derived from published literature. RESULTS: For entering immigrants, screening with chest radiograph (CXR) would be the most and QFT the least cost-effective. Sequential screening with @entity272 then QFT was more cost-effective than QFT alone in all scenarios, and more cost-effective than @entity272 alone in selected subgroups. Among close and casual contacts, screening with @entity272 or QFT would be cost saving; savings with @entity272 would be greater than with QFT, except in contacts who were bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) vaccinated after infancy. CONCLUSIONS: Screening for LTBI, with @entity272 or QFT, is cost-effective only if the risk of disease is high. The most cost-effective use of QFT is to test @entity272 -positive @entity1 .

title: @entity379 release assays and XXXX screening in high-income countries: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculin skin testing', 'TST']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis infection']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['TB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity424 may experience a relapse in up to 50% of cases depending on the extent of resection. Key biological events associated with recurrence are unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To discover the biology behind the recurrence of @entity424 , we performed CGHarray and a dual-color gene expression microarray analysis of 17 @entity5 at diagnosis co-hybridized with the corresponding 27 first or subsequent relapses from the same @entity1 . As treatment and location had only limited influence on specific gene expression changes at relapse, we established a common signature for relapse. Eighty-seven genes showed an absolute fold change >= 2 in at least 50% of relapses and were defined as the gene expression signature of @entity424 . The most frequently upregulated genes are involved in the kinetochore ( @entity22985 , @entity13501 ) or in neural development ( @entity5439 , Wnt and Notch pathways). Metallothionein (MT) genes were downregulated in up to 80% of the recurrences. Quantitative PCR for @entity22985 , @entity13501 and @entity25904 plus immunohistochemistry for @entity22985 and @entity25904 confirmed the microarray results. Immunohistochemistry on an independent series of 24 @entity5 pairs at diagnosis and at relapse confirmed the decrease of @entity25904 expression at recurrence in 17/24 @entity5 pairs (p=0.002). Conversely, @entity22985 expression was more frequently positive at relapse (87.5% vs 37.5%, p=0.03). Loss or deletion of the MT genes cluster was never observed at relapse. Promoter sequencing after @entity9736 treatment of DNA from @entity5 and recurrences as well as treatment of short-term @entity424 cells cultures with a demethylating agent showed that methylation was not involved in @entity25904 downregulation. However, in vitro treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor or @entity219 restored @entity25904 expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The most frequent molecular events associated with @entity424 were over-expression of kinetochore proteins and down-regulation of metallothioneins. @entity25904 expression is epigenetically controlled and can be restored in vitro by histone deacetylase inhibitors.

title: Portrait of @entity424 in XXXX : biomarkers of @entity5 progression identified by dual-color microarray-based gene expression analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'ependymomas', 'ependymoma recurrence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity283 ( @entity283 ) is widely used to measure functional impairment in @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). However, the original version (CHAQ30) has reduced overall validity in terms of an increasing ceiling effect and decreasing discriminative ability because of considerable improvements in functional ability of @entity1 with @entity4932 . The aim of this study was to validate a revised @entity283 including eight new physically demanding questions (CHAQ38) with two categorical response and scoring models ( @entity16938 and @entity28765 ) in Danish @entity1 with @entity4932 and healthy controls of a comparable age and gender. The @entity283 versions with both response models were validated in relation to distribution of data, evaluation of the ceiling effect, sensitivity, and discriminative ability. METHOD: Four different version of the @entity283 were completed by 68 @entity1 and 118 controls aged 10-16 years. Demographic data in both groups and disease-specific data among @entity1 were obtained. Statistical analysis of all @entity283 versions was performed to evaluate score distribution and to test the ability to distinguish between @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: The use of the CHAQ38 broadened the range of scores and reduced the number of scores at zero. The ceiling effect, which was high in all versions, was best reduced using the @entity28765 response model. Adding the new questions increased the sensitivity to discriminate between physically well-functioning @entity4932 @entity1 and healthy controls in either of the CAT models used. Overall, the CHAQ38 and to some extent the @entity28765 had the best outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The discriminative validity increased with the CHAQ38, though still not optimally.

title: The relevance of using the XXXX ( @entity283 ) in revised versions for the assessment of @entity4932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire', 'CHAQ']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity694 and @entity66 are common in the Western world. A challenge when @entity1 present with clinical findings is that both diseases can present with symptoms that may mimic the other. PURPOSE: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be helpful to differentiate between @entity4436 and @entity694 compared to the differentiation offered by evaluation of multidetector computed tomography (CT) in a clinical situation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were consecutively included. Fifteen @entity1 were under work-up for a recently diagnosed sigmoid @entity5 and 15 @entity1 had recently been treated in hospital due to first-time acute @entity4436 . All @entity1 underwent CT, T2- weighted MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI. Anonymized examinations were retrospectively presented in random order to one experienced radiologist. RESULTS: With contrast-enhanced CT, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of @entity5 and @entity4436 were 66.7% (10/15) and 93.3% (14/15), respectively. Using T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR images, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of @entity5 and @entity4436 were 100% (14/14) and 100% (14/14), respectively. CONCLUSION: MRI provides information that may contribute to improve the differentiation between sigmoid @entity5 and @entity4436 that is offered by CT. These encouraging results need to be confirmed in a larger study.

title: XXXX and @entity4436 of the sigmoid colon. Differentiation with computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging: preliminary experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis', 'sigmoid diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the sigmoid colon', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether whole-body vibration (WBV) is associated with @entity1798 ( @entity1798 ) and nerve root entrapment among @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: A consecutive series of @entity1 referred for lumbar MRI because of @entity1643 were compared with controls X-rayed for other reasons. Subjects were questioned about occupational activities loading the spine, psychosocial factors, driving, personal characteristics, mental health, and certain beliefs about @entity1643 . Exposure to WBV was assessed by six measures, including weekly duration of professional driving, hours driven at a spell, and current 8-hour daily equivalent root-mean-square acceleration A(8). Cases were sub-classified according to whether or not @entity1798 /nerve root entrapment was present. Associations with WBV were examined separately for cases with and without these MRI findings, with adjustment for age, sex, and other potential confounders. RESULTS: Altogether 237 cases and 820 controls were studied, including 183 professional drivers and 176 cases with @entity1798 and/or nerve root entrapment. Risks associated with WBV tended to be lower for @entity1643 with @entity1798 /nerve root entrapment but somewhat higher for risks of @entity1643 without these abnormalities. However, associations with the six metrics of exposure were all weak and not statistically significant. Neither exposure-response relationships nor increased risk of @entity1798 /nerve root entrapment from professional driving or exposure at an A(8) above the European Union daily exposure action level were found. CONCLUSIONS: WBV may be a cause of @entity1643 but it was not associated with @entity1798 or nerve root entrapment in this study.

title: Professional driving and XXXX diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['LBP', 'low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc', 'PID']

answer: @entity1798 :: (MESH:C535531,Disease) :: ['prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity1003 is well described in the @entity130 population. Major burns are characterised by a similar endothelial injury and cellular hypoperfusion. These features could be a driver for an acute @entity4808 induced @entity1003 (ABIC). METHODS: @entity1 admitted to a regional @entity4808 centre over a 71 months period with a total body surface area @entity4808 of 30% or more were identified. The metavision electronic @entity1 database was scrutinised for a predetermined list of demographics, interventions and admission investigations to identify any clinically significant ABIC. RESULTS: On admission 39.3% of the 117 @entity1 analysed met our criteria for a @entity1003 . Of the @entity1 with a @entity1003 , 71.7% had an elevated Prothrombin Time (PT), 2.2% had an elevated Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (APPT) and 26.1% had an elevation of both. @entity1 with a @entity1003 received a similar volume of fluid (p=0.08). There was a statistically significant correlation between the PT and the abbreviated @entity4808 severity index (p=0.0013, r=0.292) and serum @entity880 (p=0.0013, r=0.292). ABIC was an independent predictor of 28 day mortality, OR 3.42(1.11-10.56). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with major thermal injuries a clinically significant ABIC exists. Early diagnosis and treatment of ABIC should be considered particularly in those undergoing total @entity4808 wound excision.

title: Acute @entity4808 induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic coagulopathy', 'coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['coagulopathy']


abstract: This report describes the in vivo effect of regional @entity221 on male Copenhagen @entity35 implanted with Dunning R3327 @entity263 . In six @entity35 , a 22-gauge 1.5-cm needle was inserted into the @entity5 and heated to 46.5 degrees C for 2 hr. Two @entity221 treatments were administered 48 hr apart. In a separate group of six @entity35 , the needle was inserted into the @entity5 , but not heated. After treatment, serial measurements of @entity5 volume and body weight were made twice a week for 4 weeks. From the first day of measurement to day 22, the @entity5 size in the treated group compared to control was significantly smaller, P = 0.02. In the first 12 days following treatment, the mean value of body weight in the treated and control groups decreased 7% and 3%, respectively. Following this, body weights increased to baseline levels by the end of the study. No other side effects related to @entity221 were observed and no immediate mortality occurred. In the control group, two @entity35 died from lung metastasis of the @entity263 after day 22. In the treated group, no lung metastases were found and no @entity35 died before being sacrificed on day 29. Our experiments show that local elevation of the temperature of the @entity5 results in the death of @entity5 cells; at 46.5 degrees C for 2 hr there is marked @entity16 while the @entity35 tolerated the @entity221 well.

title: The in vivo effect of regional @entity221 on dunning R3327 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Dunning tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tumor damage']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic tumor']


abstract: Soft-tissue @entity242 (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of rare @entity5 predominantly arising from the embryonic mesoderm. The mainstay of curative therapy is the complete surgical resection of all @entity5 manifestations with negative histological margins. However, up to 50% of @entity1 will develop distant @entity3 during the course of their disease. The prognosis for those @entity1 is grim with a 5-year overall survival of less than 10%. First-line systemic therapy with @entity1260 and @entity632 results in overall response rates of only 20% by conventional response evaluation criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). However, stabilization of disease can be seen in a greater proportion. Therefore, the role of the RECIST criteria has been questioned and the implementation of new imaging studies (e.g., FDG-PET) has shown promising results in assessing early @entity5 response to therapy. Furthermore, a broader insight into the molecular pathways of sarcomagenesis has been gained in recent years, revealing intriguing targets for new therapeutic approaches (e.g., @entity7 , @entity7 receptor, IGF receptor, EGF receptor, @entity3470 and cyclin-dependent kinases). In addition, a growing body of evidence is linking specific genetic aberrations with clinical outcome (e.g., SYT-SXX translocation in @entity1352 ). With further insight into the biology of STS and the combination of new treatment options with modern imaging techniques, we will most certainly be able to improve clinical outcome in @entity1 with STS in the upcoming years.

title: New medical treatment options and strategies to assess clinical outcome in soft-tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: @entity1 chorion and decidua use @entity10768 ( @entity29423 ) and @entity9027 ( @entity29215 ) as substrates for local @entity172 and @entity1420 synthesis. We hypothesized that the local @entity172 / @entity1420 ratio may influence contractility of the adjacent myometrium and hence effect the timing of parturition. Thus, we studied @entity134 sulfohydrolase activity for P5S in these tissues and investigated the potential interaction of other @entity230 on the rates of hydrolysis of P5S and @entity29215 . The enzyme was present in both tissues, predominantly in the microsomal fraction. With P5S as substrate, the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) was similar in chorion (1.3 +/- 0.2 mumol/L, mean +/- SEM) and decidua (0.9 +/- 0.1 mumol/L) but the maximum velocity (Vmax) was significantly greater in chorion (2.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg protein/15 min, P less than 0.05). In both tissues there was a tendency towards greater activity in tissues obtained before labor compared to tissues obtained after spontaneous labor onset. Using either @entity29215 or P5S as substrate, there was significant inhibition of sulfohydrolase activity by other @entity230 at concentrations similar to those in late pregnancy fetal and maternal plasma. In microsomal preparations using @entity29215 as substrate, activity was inhibited by equimolar concentrations of @entity19517 (E1S, by 38 +/- 2%), P5S (by 74 +/- 2%), and @entity4554 ( @entity29424 , by 38 +/- 3%). With P5S as substrate, equimolar concentrations of E1S, @entity29215 , and @entity29424 caused inhibition of sulfohydrolase activity by 19 +/- 5%, 16 +/- 4%, and 18 +/- 2%, respectively. These inhibitory effects also were observed using a tissue explant system with intact cells. In kinetic inhibition studies using @entity29215 as substrate, @entity22940 and P5S were competitive inhibitors with inhibition constants (Ki) of 4.8 +/- 1.3 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 mumol/L, respectively. Using P5S as substrate, E1S and @entity29215 also were competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 8.2 +/- 2.1 and 9.6 +/- 1.2 mumol/L, respectively. For both substrates, the pattern of inhibition by @entity29424 was complex. Preliminary experiments to distinguish, on the basis of differing physical-chemical properties, separate enzymes for different substrates were inconclusive. We conclude that @entity1 chorion and decidua can hydrolyze several @entity134 sulfoconjugates and this activity may regulate local @entity172 and @entity1420 synthesis. There are significant interactions among @entity134 sulfoconjugates in regulating this activity. These activities may be important components of a paracrine system that determines myometrial contractility and the timing of parturition.

title: XXXX sulfohydrolase in @entity1 chorion and decidua: studies using @entity10768 and @entity9027 as substrate.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity22940 :: ('p|SUB|E|1|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E1S']

entities_list: @entity19517 :: ('MESH:C017296', 'Chemical') :: ['estrone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity29424 :: ('p|SUB|C|27|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C27S']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4554 :: ('MESH:C007045', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol sulfate']

entities_list: @entity10768 :: ('MESH:C018370', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity29423 :: ('p|SUB|P|5|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P5S']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: There is controversy over the efficacy of @entity3650 reductase inhibitors in preventing the development of @entity1897 in experimental @entity6 . This study was designed to show whether long-term (28-wk) inhibition of @entity3650 reductase by @entity5120 influences structural changes in peripheral sensory nerve in @entity35 with chronic @entity3839 -induced @entity6 . Sciatic nerve levels of @entity5121 and @entity948 were significantly reduced but not completely normalized by @entity5120 treatment. @entity8580 levels, which tended to decrease in @entity6 @entity35 , were significantly increased by @entity5120 treatment and exceeded the level in nondiabetic control @entity35 (P less than 0.01). @entity5120 treatment significantly increased nerve conduction velocity over the 28 wk of treatment (P less than 0.05), but levels remained well below those of control @entity35 . Structural analysis of sural nerve of @entity6 @entity35 disclosed significant preventive effects of @entity5120 on the reduction in myelinated nerve fiber size and fiber occupancy. Axon-fiber size ratio was also preserved in the @entity5120 -treated group. However, diffuse deposition of glycogen and increased glycogenosomes within axons were not influenced by @entity5120 treatment. In contrast to the effect on myelinated nerve fibers, morphometry of unmyelinated nerve fibers did not reveal a significant effect of @entity5120 treatment. These results suggest that chronic treatment with an @entity3650 reductase inhibitor has beneficial effects on the peripheral sensory nerve of experimentally @entity6 @entity35 . The effects were primarily on myelinated rather than unmyelinated nerve fibers.

title: Effects of long-term XXXX reductase inhibition on development of experimental diabetic neuropathy. Ultrastructural and morphometric studies of sural nerve in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-Inositol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozocin']

entities_list: @entity5120 :: ('MESH:C042829', 'Chemical') :: ['ponalrestat', 'Ponalrestat']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']

answer: @entity3650 :: (CHEBI:15693,Chemical) :: ['aldose']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key factor in the development of @entity164 2 @entity6 and although some studies indicate that this could be partly attributed to reduced content and activity of various proximal and distal insulin signalling molecules, consensus is lacking. We therefore aimed to investigate the regulation of proximal insulin signalling in skeletal muscle and its effect on @entity413 metabolism in a large non-diabetic population. METHODS: We examined 184 non-diabetic twins with gold-standard techniques including the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Insulin signalling was evaluated at three key levels, i.e. the @entity3239 , @entity3241 and V- @entity1994 @entity19 thymoma viral oncogene ( @entity1994 ) levels, employing kinase assays and phospho-specific western blotting. RESULTS: Proximal insulin signalling was not associated with @entity28 , age or sex. However, birthweight was positively associated with @entity3241 -associated @entity3115 ( @entity3115 ; @entity3241 - @entity3115 ) activity (p = 0.04); maximal aerobic capacity (VO2(max)), paradoxically, was negatively associated with @entity3241 - @entity3115 (p = 0.02) and @entity3242 activity (p = 0.01). Additionally, we found low heritability estimates for most measures of insulin signalling activity. @entity413 disposal was positively associated with @entity1994 -308 phosphorylation (p < 0.001) and @entity3242 activity (p = 0.05), but not with @entity3239 @entity669 kinase or @entity3241 - @entity3115 activity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: With the exception of birthweight, 'classical' modifiers of insulin action, including genetics, age, sex, @entity28 and VO2(max) do not seem to mediate their most central effects on whole-body insulin sensitivity through modulation of proximal insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. We also demonstrated an association between @entity1994 activity and in vivo insulin sensitivity, suggesting a role of @entity1994 in control of in vivo insulin resistance and potentially in @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Differential aetiology and impact of @entity3115 ( XXXX ) and @entity1994 signalling in skeletal muscle on in vivo insulin action.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity3115 :: (18708(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PI3K']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gross @entity1350 is a well-established prognostic indicator in @entity157 ( @entity157 ), but the biological significance of microscopic invasion remains unclear. METHODS: Curatively resected primary HCCs were classified retrospectively into 3 groups: HCCs without @entity1350 (V0), HCCs with microvascular invasion (V1), and HCCs with macrovascular invasion (V2). Microarray profiling of @entity1 with V0, V1, and V2 using Jonckheere-Terpstra (JT) tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests was performed. RESULTS: Distinct patterns of gene expression were demonstrated between @entity11759 groups; less (L) and highly (H) invasive phenotypes, respectively. It is noteworthy that 2 dendrograms by the hierarchical clustering provided exactly the same assignment results for V1 cases that were thus separated into L and H gene-expression phenotypes. Marked differences were found in overall (P < .001) and @entity5 -free survival (P < .001) between L and H gene-expression phenotypes. Multivariate analyses indicated that the phenotypes of the patterns of gene expression, rather than the clinicopathologic markers of @entity1350 , were independent predictors of @entity5 recurrence (P = .031). Using the gene-expression patterns identified by both JT and Wilcoxon rank sum test analyses, other V1 cases validated these differences in @entity5 -free survivals between gene-expression phenotypes within the group (P = .039). CONCLUSION: Gene profiling suggested that microvascular invasiveness consisted of a classable mixture of 2 distinct phenotypes. Thus, gene-array analyses may have clinical benefit, because they may in fact be more predictive than other clinical factors.

title: Gene-expression phenotypes for vascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The long-term outcome of @entity1 with psychogenic @entity410 (PNES) is of importance given the disabling symptoms and tendency to affect @entity1 early in their productive years. @entity283 ( @entity283 ) is an important outcome measure reflecting overall health status and costs. There is little information regarding long-term @entity283 following diagnosis of PNES. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed records of Veterans diagnosed with PNES during @entity302 monitoring unit ( @entity6498 ) evaluation. For the three-year period following diagnosis of PNES, we reviewed emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, outpatient clinic visits, and radiology procedures. We compared the three years following PNES diagnosis with the three years preceding diagnosis. We also compared @entity1 with PNES and @entity1 with @entity302 ( @entity302 ). RESULTS: Emergency department visits and hospitalizations were more frequent in @entity1 with PNES compared with those in @entity1 with @entity302 (p=0.01). There was no overall improvement in @entity283 during the three-year interval following diagnosis of PNES. A transient decrease during the year following diagnosis was not sustained over three-year follow-up. @entity158 complaints rather than @entity410 were the most common reason for presentation, whereas the opposite was true for @entity1 with @entity302 (p<0.01). There was a sharp decrease in neurology outpatient visits (p<0.001) and a decrease in primary care visits (p<0.05) after PNES was diagnosed. Total outpatient visits were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Overall @entity283 did not improve during the three years following diagnosis of PNES, compared with three years preceding diagnosis. The results add to studies documenting poor @entity410 outcomes following diagnosis of PNES and underscore the need for more effective and comprehensive treatments, addressing comorbid symptoms.

title: @entity283 following diagnosis of psychogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'nonepileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HCU', 'Health care utilization']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy', 'ES']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['nonepileptic seizures']


abstract: @entity1082 ) 52 and 58 are oncogenic HPV types prevalent in Asia. Our study aims to explore intratypic variants of HPV 52 and 58 in Taiwan. A total of 11,923 @entity1 were enrolled from seven townships in 1991-1992. HPV DNA in their cervical cells was detected and typed by EasyChip   HPV blot. Among 424 @entity1 infected with HPV 52 and/or 58, @entity377 variations were determined in cervical cell samples of 406 @entity1 by the polymerase chain reaction sequencing of the long control region, E6 and E7 genes. Nonprototype-like variants including lineages B and C were detected in 278 (99.3%) of 280 HPV 52 samples. The prototype and prototype-like group (lineage A) of HPV58 was found in 132 (98.5%) of 134 HPV 58 samples, with sublineage A1, A2 and A3 variant in 14.2, 27.6 and 56.7%, respectively. Among @entity1 infected with single HPV 52 type, the C variant (vs. B variant) was associated with an increased prevalence of cytologically diagnosed high-grade squamous @entity75 or worse lesions showing an age-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of 5.2 (1.0-27.6) and an increased prevalence of histologically confirmed high-grade cervical @entity5436 or more severe lesions with an age-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 7.6 (1.3-43.8). It was concluded that frequency distributions of HPV 52 and 58 variants in Taiwan were different from those in European and American populations. The association between C variant of HPV 52 and prevalence of cervical @entity5 needs further validation.

title: Unique variants of @entity1082 genotypes 52 and 58 and risk of cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity765 are rare and exhibit a highly unpredictable natural history. We sought to analyze prognostic factors associated with recurrence in a large single-institution study of @entity1 with @entity765 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 177 @entity1 with @entity765 who underwent macroscopically complete surgical resection, with or without the addition of radiotherapy (RT) or systemic therapy, from 1970 to 2009. We examined patterns of presentation, all known risk factors for recurrence, and their association with recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (12 %) had @entity765 , and 155 (88 %) had @entity5 . Patterns of presentation included primary (n = 133, 75 %) and locally recurrent (n = 44, 25 %) disease. Treatment was surgery alone in 125 @entity1 (71 %), surgery and RT in 36 (20 %), and surgery and systemic therapy with or without RT in 20 (11 %). Median follow-up was 40 months. Overall, the local relapse rate was 29 %, and 10-year RFS was 60 %. R0 resection status was the only predictor of freedom from local recurrence on multivariate analysis (odds ratio 0.32; 95 % confidence interval 0.15-0.66; P = 0.002). The selective use of adjuvant RT appeared to improve local control in @entity1 with positive margins. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity765 undergoing surgery, wide excision with negative margins should be the goal, but not at the expense of function, as fewer than half of @entity1 with positive margins will experience recurrence.

title: XXXX : analysis of prognostic factors and outcomes in a surgical series.

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoid tumors', 'desmoid tumor', 'intra-abdominal desmoid tumors', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extra-abdominal tumors']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['Desmoid tumor']


abstract: Risk factors were studied in 370 @entity1 with @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) anomalies, coming from 105,374 consecutive births of known outcome. The incidence of @entity1494 @entity600 was 3.51 per 1,000 births. Diagnosis was performed prenatally in 54.4% of @entity1 . Two hundred and fifty-two @entity1 had @entity1494 ; 118 (31.8%) of the @entity1 had at least one non-urinary @entity600 . Fifty-five @entity1 (14.8%) had recognized chromosomal and non-chromosomal syndromes. The more frequent non-urinary @entity600 were @entity5187 . For each case a control was studied. The following features were assessed: sex ratio, parity and previous pregnancies, parental age, residency, education, ethnic origin, length, head circumference and weight at birth, genetic and environmental factors. Odds ratio values were calculated for risk factors. Weight, length and head circumference at birth were less than in the controls and the weight of the placenta was lower. Pregnancies with @entity1494 were more often complicated by oligo-amnios and threatened @entity5852 . Oligo-amnios was more frequent in pregnancies in which babies had multiple @entity600 and recognized syndromes with @entity1494 . One @entity1 of every three with @entity1494 had an extra-urinary @entity600 , which is 12 times the incidence of such @entity600 in our population. There was an increase in consanguinity in the parents of our @entity1 . The incidence of @entity1494 in first-degree relatives was 2.9%. First-degree relatives had more non-urinary @entity600 than controls (7.02 vs 3.2%). Our study demonstrated the high capacity of a general ultrasound screening programme to detect fetal @entity600 affecting the urinary tract.

title: Risk factors in internal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['IUS', 'internal urinary system', 'isolated IUS anomalies', 'IUS anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity5187 :: ('MESH:C535326', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac, digestive and limb anomalies']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['urinary system malformations']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sudden unexplained @entity204 account for one-third of all sudden natural deaths in the young (1-35 years). Hitherto, the prevalence of genopositive cases has primarily been based on deceased @entity1 referred for postmortem genetic testing. These deaths potentially may represent the worst of cases, thus possibly overestimating the prevalence of potentially disease causing mutations in the 3 major @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) genes in the general population. We therefore wanted to investigate the prevalence of mutations in an unselected population of sudden unexplained deaths in a nationwide setting. METHODS: DNA for genetic testing was available for 44 cases of @entity944 in Denmark in the period 2000-2006 (equaling 33% of all cases of @entity944 in the age group). @entity9677 , @entity9678 , and @entity1788 were sequenced and in vitro electrophysiological studies were performed on novel mutations. RESULTS: In total, 5 of 44 cases (11%) carried a mutation in 1 of the 3 genes corresponding to 11% of all investigated cases ( @entity34335 @entity9677 , @entity34336 @entity9678 (2 cases), @entity34337 @entity9678 and @entity34338 @entity1788 ). @entity34338 @entity1788 has not been reported before. In vitro electrophysiological studies of @entity34338 @entity1788 revealed an increased sustained current suggesting a @entity1162 phenotype. CONCLUSION: In a nationwide setting, the genetic investigation of an unselected population of @entity944 cases aged 1-35 years finds a lower than expected number of mutations compared to referred populations previously reported. We therefore conclude that the prevalence of mutations in the 3 major @entity1162 associated genes may not be as abundant as previously estimated.

title: The prevalence of mutations in XXXX , @entity9678 , and @entity1788 in an unselected national cohort of young @entity944 cases.

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden unexplained death']

entities_list: @entity34336 :: ('p|SUB|F|29|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['F29L']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['LQTS', 'long-QT syndrome']

answer: @entity9677 :: (3784,Gene) :: ['KCNQ1']


abstract: "Critical @entity3979 " (reduction of coronary blood flow [Q] until reactive hyperaemia following 15s @entity1563 is just abolished) and "functional @entity850 " (reduction of Q until systolic shortening (dL) of post-stenotic myocardium is curtailed by 50%) were compared with respect to the reduction in Q necessary and the effect on regional myocardial and global ventricular function. In 9 anaesthetized ( @entity22730 ) @entity235 , enddiastolic length (edL) and dL of a myocardial area supplied by the left descending coronary artery (LAD) were measured by sonomicrometry. Left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and dP/dt, aortic pressure (AoP), @entity64 volume (SV), and heart rate (HR) were monitored. QLAD was stepwise reduced by a snare. Critical @entity850 , present at a 25% reduction of QLAD, had no effect on regional and global ventricular function, but recovery of dL after release of 15s LAD occlusion was significantly delayed. Further obstruction of QLAD progressively impaired dL, reaching 50% dL (functional @entity850 ) by a flow reduction of about 50%. The decrease in dL was accompanied by an increase in edL. The haemodynamic effects of the functional @entity850 were rather discrete (LVEDP + 5%, SV-12%, dP/dtmax-8%). Models of @entity296 used to study the effect of drugs or other haemodynamically effective interventions should be able to show functional impairment as well as improvement of the @entity1562 . The critical @entity850 does not impair myocardial function and, consequently, a favourable influence on the function and, consequently, a favourable influence on the function of @entity1562 by any intervention may not become evident. However, in the presence of a functional @entity850 the change in systolic shortening of the @entity1562 is a very sensitive response to any intervention which affects the energy balance of the @entity1562 . Therefore, this model should be preferred.

title: Models of coronary artery disease: "critical" versus "functional" XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity22730 :: ('MESH:D010892', 'Chemical') :: ['piritramide']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: Infertility affects one in seven couples and ascending @entity2348 of the male genitourinary tract by @entity526 are an important cause of @entity4810 . Thus understanding mechanisms by which immunocompetent cells such as testicular macrophages (TM) respond to infection and how bacterial pathogens manipulate defense pathways is of importance. Whole genome expression profiling of TM and peritoneal macrophages (PM) infected with uropathogenic @entity526 (UPEC) revealed major differences in regulated genes. However, a multitude of genes implicated in @entity460 signaling pathways was a common feature which indicated a role of @entity460 -dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells ( @entity28630 ) signaling. UPEC-dependent @entity28630 activation was confirmed in both cultured TM and in TM in an in vivo UPEC infectious @entity35 @entity11570 model. Elevated expression of NFATC2-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines was found in TM (IL-4, IL-13) and PM (IL-3, IL-4, IL-13). NFATC2 is activated by rapid influx of @entity460 , an activity delineated to the pore forming toxin alpha-hemolysin by bacterial mutant analysis. Alpha-hemolysin suppressed IL-6 and TNF-a cytokine release from PM and caused differential activation of MAP kinase and AP-1 signaling pathways in TM and PM leading to reciprocal expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines in PM (IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6 downregulated) and TM (IL-1b, IL-6 upregulated). In addition, unlike PM, LPS-treated TM were refractory to NFkB activation shown by the absence of degradation of IkBa and lack of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-6, TNF-a). Taken together, these results suggest a mechanism to the conundrum by which TM initiate immune responses to bacteria, while maintaining testicular immune privilege with its ability to tolerate neo-autoantigens expressed on developing spermatogenic cells.

title: Uropathogenic XXXX induce different immune response in testicular and peritoneal macrophages: implications for testicular immune privilege.

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male factor infertility']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 and in particular high-grade @entity11 (HGG) demonstrate when compared to other @entity5 amongst the highest levels of @entity5 angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature). METHODS: Angiogenesis is a common theme in @entity5 biology and reflects the requirement of a vascular network to support continued uncontrolled @entity5 growth. Early recognition of this paradigm suggested a potential and novel @entity5 treatment target that led to the discovery and implementation of antiangiogenic therapies. Two basic strategies of @entity5 antiangiogenic therapy have emerged, one targeting @entity7 , @entity7 (growth factor ligand-based antagonists) and the second targeting the @entity7 receptor, @entity319 (receptor-based antagonists, small molecule @entity669 kinase inhibitors). Emerging literature suggests efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy for recurrent HGG. RESULTS: Notwithstanding the limited literature regarding the treatment of recurrent HGG with antiangiogenic therapy (predominantly ligand-based and administered in conjunction with cytotoxic chemotherapy), this therapy has become the de facto standard of care for many. Response rates vary from 30-60% and 6-month progression free survival varies from 25-50%. Problematic however are new antiangiogenic class side effects ( @entity101 , @entity1295 , @entity644 , @entity548 , arterial @entity715 and wound dehiscence), timing in relationship to surgery, measurements of response, lack of established dose response relationships and pharmacoeconomics and a possible change in @entity5 biology. CONCLUSIONS: Ligand-based antiangiogenic therapy (in particular bevacizumab) is a compelling new targeted therapy for HGG and will continue to emerge as an important novel anti- @entity11 therapy. Further studies are required to define the population of @entity1 with HGG in whom this therapy is of benefit, identify the optimal dose and schedule, better characterize the value of co-administered (cytotoxic and targeted) therapies and establish validated response measures.

title: Antiangiogenic therapy for high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intratumoral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-neural solid cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Release of @entity750 from mucosal enterochromaffin cells triggered by luminal substances is the key event in the regulation of gut motility and secretion. We were interested to know whether nasal olfactory receptors are also expressed in the @entity1 gut mucosa by enterochromaffin cells and whether their ligands and odorants present in spices, fragrances, detergents, and cosmetics cause @entity750 release. METHODS: Receptor expression was studied by the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction method in @entity1 mucosal enterochromaffin cells isolated by laser microdissection and in a cell line derived from @entity1 enterochromaffin cells. Activation of the cells by odorants was investigated by digital fluorescence imaging using the fluorescent @entity141 indicator @entity20048 . @entity750 release was measured in culture supernatants by a @entity750 enzyme immunoassay and amperometry using @entity505 fiber microelectrodes placed on single cells. RESULTS: We found expression of 4 olfactory receptors in microdissected @entity1 mucosal enterochromaffin cells and in a cell line derived from @entity1 enterochromaffin cells. @entity141 imaging studies revealed that odorant ligands of the identified olfactory receptors cause @entity141 influx, elevation of intracellular free @entity141 levels, and, consequently, @entity750 release. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that odorants present in the luminal environment of the gut may stimulate @entity750 release via olfactory receptors present in @entity1 enterochromaffin cells. @entity750 controls both gut motility and secretion and is implicated in pathologic conditions such as @entity391 , @entity294 , and @entity1744 . Thus, olfactory receptors are potential novel targets for the treatment of @entity344 and @entity1319 .

title: Enterochromaffin cells of the XXXX gut: sensors for spices and odorants.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity230 have played a valuable role in transplantation as a treatment option. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of @entity15 in pediatric @entity138 @entity1 receiving SG or early SWG; SG discontinued five days after transplantation. We retrospectively reviewed 58 pediatric @entity138 @entity1 between 2000 and 2007. @entity15 criterion was defined as the presence of any three of five criteria: (i) BMI >97th percentile, (ii) @entity101 ( @entity13519 / @entity13520 > 95th percentile or on medications); (iii) @entity1674 > 95thpercentile, (iv) HDL @entity165 < 5th percentile, (v) fasting @entity413 > 100 mg/dL. Twenty-five @entity1 (43%) received SG and 33 @entity1 (57%) received SWG. The prevalence of @entity15 in SG was 68% compared to 15% in SWG. At six months and one yr after transplantation, mean serum @entity413 , total @entity165 , and @entity1674 were significantly lower in the SWG. The prevalence of @entity101 was significantly lower in the SWG, and @entity1 in the SWG received significantly less lipid-lowering and anti- @entity101 medications than SG. Mean BMI percentile was significantly higher in SG one yr after transplantation but not after six months, although always significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity15 (p < 0.05). From this study, we conclude that for pediatric @entity138 @entity1 , cardiovascular risk factors are significantly lower in SG withdrawal groups.

title: Metabolic syndrome in pediatric renal transplant recipients: comparing early discontinuation of XXXX vs. steroid group.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: @entity7606 ( @entity7606 ) is a @entity364 characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa in direct contact with the denture and affects up to 50% of denture wearers. Despite the prevalence, very little is known about the role of fungal or host factors that contribute to pathogenesis. Recently, we developed a novel intraoral denture system for rodent research. This denture system consists of custom-fitted fixed and removable parts to allow repeated sampling and longitudinal studies. The purpose of this study was to use this denture system to develop a clinically relevant animal model of @entity7606 . To establish @entity7606 , @entity35 were inoculated with pelleted @entity5132 , which resulted in sustained colonization of the denture and palate for 8 weeks postinoculation. Biofilm formation on the denture was observed by week 4 and on the palate by week 6 postinoculation. @entity35 were monitored for clinical signs of disease by assigning a clinical score after macroscopic examination of the palate tissue according to Newton's method. By week 4 postinoculation, the majority of inoculated @entity35 with dentures exhibited a clinical score of 1 (pinpoint erythema). By week 6 and week 8 postinoculation, increasing percentages of @entity35 exhibited a clinical score of 2 (diffuse erythema/ @entity4 ). Histological analysis of palate tissue demonstrated progressively increasing inflammatory cell recruitment throughout the time course of the @entity281 . Palatal biofilm formation was commensurate with development of @entity2419 , which suggests a role for biofilm in the inflammatory response.

title: Development of a contemporary animal model of XXXX -associated @entity7606 using a novel intraoral denture system.

entities_list: @entity7606 :: ('MESH:D013282', 'Disease') :: ['DS', 'Denture stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatal erythema']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: This experiment evaluated different strategies for allocating first-cut grass silages to dry dairy @entity291 that had low body-condition score (BCS) at drying off. A total of 48 moderately yielding Holstein-Friesian @entity291 were used, receiving one of three dietary treatments in the dry period and a single lactation diet based on a flat-rate of concentrates and grass silage ad libitum. Throughout the dry period, one group received a low-digestibility silage (harvested 15 June 1998; LL; metabolisable energy (ME) = 10.3 MJ/kg @entity62 ( @entity62 )) and a second group received a high-digestibility silage (harvested 9 May 1998, @entity9595 ; ME = 11.7 MJ/kg @entity62 ). A third strategy (LH) offered the low-digestibility silage in the early dry period and the high-digestibility silage in the final 3 weeks before calving. The silages had very different crude protein concentrations (144 and 201 g/kg @entity62 ) and intakes were widely divergent (10.1 v. 13.5 kg @entity62 /day) across the dry period. No concentrates were fed during the dry period. Silage quality had a very large effect on liveweight change, with treatment means of 0.32 and 1.75 kg/day for LL and @entity9595 , respectively. BCS changes followed a similar pattern, though no @entity291 became over-conditioned and blood metabolites were within normal ranges. Increased silage digestibility in the late dry period led to a substantial increase in @entity6155 fat concentration and a smaller increase in @entity6155 protein concentration, the latter confined to the first full week of lactation. @entity308 of @entity6155 fat appears related to low blood @entity413 when dry @entity291 in low body condition are fed at a low level. The LH strategy avoided the tendency for lower @entity6155 yields and fat concentration that resulted from feeding the low-digestibility silage until calving. This strategy also avoided the higher @entity291 weights that resulted from feeding the high-digestibility silage in the early dry period.

title: Effects of silage digestibility on intake and body reserves of dry XXXX and performance in the first part of the next lactation.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Bone development up to early adulthood plays an important role in determining the risk of @entity170 later in life. However, bone development in @entity1 has not been fully documented by longitudinal studies in Japanese @entity1 . The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of tracking of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) from pre-puberty to 6-year follow-up, and to determine the target period to achieve maximal peak aBMD. This study was conducted as the pediatric part of a larger cohort study, the Japanese Population-based @entity170 (JPOS) study. Of 448 @entity1 aged 9-12 years who completed the baseline survey, 225 participated in the follow-up study 6 years later (follow-up rate: 50.2%). aBMD at the forearm was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. aBMD values in pre-pubertal @entity1 at baseline showed a significant tracking correlation with aBMD obtained at 6-year follow-up in both genders ( @entity1 r = 0.655, @entity1 r = 0.759). Although @entity1 and @entity1 in the lowest quartile of aBMD pre-pubertally had greater annual increases in aBMD from pre-puberty to 6-year follow-up than those in other aBMD quartiles, they still showed the lowest mean aBMD at 6-year follow-up. @entity1 with lower pre-pubertal aBMD showed greater increases in BMD up until 6-year follow-up, but the increase was not great enough to catch up with other @entity1 . About 50% of the variance in aBMD at 6-year follow-up was determined by the aBMD achieved during the pre-pubertal period. Activities that increase aBMD are important not only for @entity1 during puberty, but also for younger pre-pubertal @entity1 .

title: Tracking of appendicular bone mineral density for 6 years including the pubertal growth spurt: Japanese Population-based XXXX kids cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: @entity99 are the most common @entity5 and commonly present as incidental findings on sonographic examination of the abdomen. Since little is known of the natural course of these @entity5 , we performed a clinical and sonographic follow up of 123 haemangioma @entity1 . Our prospective study investigated clinical and sonographic findings in 158 haemangiomas for periods of 12 to 60 months. Ninety nine haemangiomas measured less than 2 cm and had an echogenic pattern; 40 were between 2 cm and 5 cm with a mainly echogenic structure; 19 measured greater than 5 cm and showed a mixed echo pattern. At the first examination only eight @entity1 , all with @entity2967 , presented symptoms which could be attributed to the @entity5 . During follow up only one haemangioma changed in shape and size. One @entity1 who was symptom free at the first examination experienced right upper @entity490 during follow up. No deterioration occurred in any of the @entity1 with symptoms at the first examination, and all had a satisfactory quality of life. No complications arose during the follow up period. This study shows that in @entity4479 remain stable in size and echo patterns rarely change. Only haemangiomas greater than 5 cm may cause symptoms. Prolonged clinical and sonographic follow up of small and medium sized haemangiomas is not warranted.

title: Natural history of XXXX : clinical and ultrasound study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['adults haemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'benign tumours of the liver', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant haemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic haemangiomas']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic haemangiomas']


abstract: 1. @entity1239 (0.13 and 0.4 mg kg-1, s.c.) increased the ambulatory component of locomotor activity in @entity35 previously exposed to the drug. @entity1239 did not increase repeated movements reliably. 2. An infusion of either @entity1239 (8 micrograms) or the potent nicotinic agonist @entity10446 (4 micrograms) into the ventral tegmental area of the forebrain increased ambulation but not repeated movements. 3. An infusion of @entity1239 or @entity10446 into the nucleus accumbens, striatum, dorsal hippocampal formation or motor thalamus did not increase ambulatory or repeated movements. 4. @entity6959 (0.1-1.0 mg kg-1, s.c.) blocked increases in locomotor activity produced by an infusion of @entity1239 or @entity10446 into the ventral tegmental area. 5. The locomotor activity produced by systemically administered @entity1239 may be mediated, in part, through nicotinic receptors located in the ventral tegmental area of the mesolimbic @entity935 system.

title: Locomotor activity in XXXX after administration of nicotinic agonists intracerebrally.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['Mecamylamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concomitant use of opioids and @entity1245 can result in significant untoward effects. Point of care (POC) urine testing devices are commonly used tools to monitor @entity1 use of medications. These useful devices are relatively inexpensive and yield immediate results that can be acted upon at the time of the appointment, although numerous limitations have been identified for specific medications or medication classes. We established the diagnostic accuracy of a commonly used POC testing method for @entity1245 . METHODS: One thousand @entity1 , from a single interventional @entity158 practice receiving opioid therapy provided urine specimens as part of the usual practice of monitoring consistency with prescribed medications. These de-identified urine specimens were tested using LC- @entity15 / @entity15 and the results were compared using the standard calculations for sensitivity, specificity, and predicted value. Five specimens were excluded from the study because the prescribed @entity1248 could not be confirmed by LC- @entity15 / @entity15 (the LC- @entity15 / @entity15 instrumentation was not set to identify @entity1248 ), resulting in 995 specimens. RESULTS: Point of care assays yielded false negative results for @entity1 prescribed @entity1245 nearly 20% of the time (98 out of 498 @entity1 ). The point of care cup often failed to produce positive results for @entity1 who were shown by LC- @entity15 / @entity15 to be taking @entity2934 or @entity2053 . Although only 26 out of 498 @entity1 (5%) were prescribed >= 2 @entity1245 , 73 out of 498 @entity1 (15%) were found to be positive for that drug class. CONCLUSIONS: POC immunoassay for @entity1245 could fail to provide accurate information regarding @entity1 specific medication use. The false positive and false negative rates of the immunoassay were particularly high for @entity2053 and @entity2934 . Further testing of @entity1 specimens using more accurate methods such as LC- @entity15 / @entity15 is necessary to provide definitive data that can assist in clinical decision making, and potentially protect these @entity1 from untoward effects, morbidity and mortality.

title: Therapeutic monitoring of @entity1245 in the management of XXXX : current limitations of point of care immunoassays suggest testing by mass spectrometry to assure accuracy and improve @entity1 safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1248 :: ('MESH:D005479', 'Chemical') :: ['flurazepam']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypoglycaemia in @entity1577 in the absence of @entity6 or @entity413 lowering therapies is a phenomenon that is receiving growing attention in the literature. These episodes are sometimes symptomatic and likely have variable aetiologies. Our first aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine what is known about hypoglycaemia in @entity1577 . Our second aim was to assess evidence based guidelines for management strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive search of databases and guideline compiler entities was performed. Inclusion criteria were primary research articles and evidence based guidelines that referred to hypoglycaemia in @entity1577 in the absence of insulin treatment or other @entity413 lowering therapies. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies (four manuscripts and seven abstracts) and five evidence-based guidelines met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence rates of hypoglycaemia unrelated to @entity6 varied between studies (7-69%). Hypoglycaemia was diagnosed during oral @entity413 tolerance testing or continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM). Associations between hypoglycaemia and clinical parameters of BMI, lung function, @entity409 and @entity3210 were measured in some studies. There was no unifying definition of hypoglycaemia in the absence of @entity6 . Only two evidence based guidelines reported possible management strategies. CONCLUSION: The systematic review found limited data on this clinical problem and supports the need for high quality methodological studies that are able to describe the experience and the aetiology(ies) of hypoglycaemia in @entity1577 .

title: Hypoglycaemia in @entity1577 in the absence of XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of intra-articular @entity2713 injection and physiotherapy singly or combined in the treatment of @entity2585 of the shoulder. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity2585 of less than 6 months duration were randomized to one of four groups: Group A, injection of @entity2713 20 mg and eight sessions of standardized physiotherapy; Group B, injection of @entity2713 20 mg alone; Group C, placebo injection and eight sessions of standardized physiotherapy; or Group D, placebo injection alone. All subjects were given an identical home exercise programme. Outcome measures were assessed at 6 weeks and 16 weeks. The primary outcome measure was Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ) score. Secondary outcomes were measurement of @entity158 using a visual analogue scale (VAS), global disability using VAS and range of passive external rotation. A two-way analysis of variance was used to explore the effects of @entity228 injection and physiotherapy. RESULTS: At 6 weeks, the SDQ had improved significantly more in the groups receiving @entity228 injection (P = 0.004). Physiotherapy improved passive external rotation at 6 weeks (P = 0.02) and @entity228 injection improved self-assessment of global disability at 6 weeks (P = 0.04). There was no interaction effect between injection and physiotherapy. At 16 weeks, all groups had improved to a similar degree with respect to all outcome measures. CONCLUSION: @entity228 injection is effective in improving shoulder-related disability, and physiotherapy is effective in improving the range of movement in external rotation 6 weeks after treatment.

title: A randomized controlled trial of intra-articular @entity2713 and/or physiotherapy in shoulder XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive capsulitis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['capsulitis']


abstract: Cetuximab is a chimeric antibody registered for the therapy of advanced @entity14 . @entity5 and anticancer therapy are associated with oxidative stress, and disorders of antioxidant balance may be involved in the @entity137 associated with anticancer treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of serum @entity904 , @entity1881 and @entity1851 during the first month of treatment with cetuximab and chemotherapy. Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 treated with a combination of chemotherapy and cetuximab were included in the present study. Serum @entity904 and @entity1881 were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and serum @entity1851 was determined using commercial kits. Significant correlation was observed between baseline concentrations of @entity904 and @entity1851 (r(s)=-0.54, p<0.01). Median survival of @entity1 who had baseline serum @entity904 below 1.25   mol/L was 10 mo compared to 18 mo for @entity1 who had serum @entity904 equal or above 1.25   mol/L (p<0.05); median survival of @entity1 who had serum @entity1851 below 24 mg/L was significantly longer compared to @entity1 with @entity1851 levels equal or above 24 mg/L (18 vs. 7 mo, p<0.05), but no difference in survival was observed based on @entity1881 levels. Twenty-two @entity1 had evaluation of @entity904 , @entity1881 and @entity1851 at least once during the follow up. Serum concentration of @entity1881 decreased significantly during the therapy, but @entity904 and @entity1851 concentrations remained unchanged. In conclusion, a significant correlation was observed between serum @entity904 and @entity1851 . Serum @entity1881 decreased significantly during the first month of combination therapy with cetuximab. Low @entity904 and high @entity1851 concentrations were predictive of poor prognosis in this @entity1 population.

title: Serum XXXX , @entity1881 and systemic inflammatory response in metastatic @entity14 @entity1 treated with combination chemotherapy and cetuximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['retinol']


abstract: @entity7965 ( @entity7965 ) is characterized by the emergence of a GPI-defective clonal @entity1210 . Its clinical features are @entity5714 , @entity1503 , and @entity715 . Circulating monocytes and granulocytes are largely GPI-defective in @entity7965 @entity1 . This study aims to investigate the granulocyte functional properties in @entity7965 . We analyzed bacterial-dependent intracellular ingestion and the consequent activation of oxidative burst in GPI-defective granulocytes from four neutropenic @entity7965 @entity1 . Our data show a significant increase in the ability of GPI-defective granulocytes to ingest opsonized bacteria. In addition, an impaired respiratory burst effectiveness in response to two independent bacterial stimuli, the @entity14915 (fMLP) synthetic bacterial peptide and @entity526 , was revealed. The occurrence of @entity1398 and the severe impairment of oxidative burst, occurring in chronic @entity66 , were unable to significantly affect phagocytosis. Thus, additional mechanisms, able to differentially affect ingestion ability and respiratory burst effectiveness, have to be hypothesized. The reduced burst effectiveness of GPI-defective granulocytes was maintained after treatment with @entity1359 , a pharmacological stimulus able to extensively recruit and to trigger intracellular @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). Moreover, blocking of @entity7131 has been observed to severely affect granulocyte respiratory burst with a mild effect on the phagocytosis. These data suggest a role for a modulation of intracellular @entity7131 in the pathogenesis of the impaired granulocyte oxidative burst.

title: Glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol-defective granulocytes from paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria XXXX show increased bacterial ingestion but reduced respiratory burst induction.

entities_list: @entity14915 :: ('CHEBI:53490', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formyl-MetLeuPhe']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis disease']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria', 'PNH']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Antiplatelet drugs are widely used for secondary prevention after @entity2806 of noncardioembolic origin and different antiplatelet drugs exert different pharmacologic effects. This study investigated differences in platelet activation markers in @entity1 taking either @entity117 or @entity1397 after acute @entity385 . METHODS: A prospective randomized case-control study evaluated 70 @entity1 with @entity64 treated with either @entity117 (100 mg/d) or @entity1397 (75 mg/d) after acute @entity385 . Platelet activation markers ( @entity8729 , @entity5775 , and @entity11603 ) were measured by flow cytometry at different time points (<48 hours and days 7, 30, and 90 after @entity64 ). The markers were also evaluated in 30 at-risk control subjects. RESULTS: @entity385 @entity1 had significantly increased circulating @entity8729 , @entity5775 , and @entity11603 in the acute stage compared with the control group. Levels of @entity8729 , @entity5775 , and @entity11603 were more significantly reduced in the @entity1397 group than in the @entity117 group in the first week after @entity64 . Furthermore, differences in @entity8729 and @entity5775 levels were significant even at 1 month after @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated with @entity1397 have lower platelet activity than those taking @entity117 after acute @entity385 . The stronger effect of @entity1397 is notable 1 week after @entity64 and persists for at least 1 month. Further large-scale trials are warranted to clarify optimal treatment.

title: Serial change in platelet activation markers with @entity117 and @entity1397 after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['noncardioembolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect on @entity158 intensity and function of an exercise concept focusing on specific eccentric strength training of the rotator cuff in @entity1 with @entity5818 . DESIGN: Single-subject research design with baseline and treatment phases (AB design). SETTING: Home-based training programme supervised and supported by visits to physiotherapy clinic. SUBJECTS: Ten @entity1 , mean (SD) age 54 (8.6) years, symptom duration 12 (9.1) months. INTERVENTION: Daily eccentric strengthening exercises of the rotator cuff during 12 weeks. MAIN MEASURES:                 <AbstractText Label="PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES" NlmCategory="METHODS"> @entity158 intensity, assessed with a visual analogue scale, and function, using the @entity1 -Specific Functional Scale. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Shoulder function evaluated with the Constant score, and shoulder-related quality of life evaluated with the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index. RESULTS: @entity158 intensity decreased significantly in eight of the ten subjects. Function improved significantly in all ten subjects. Constant score increased in nine subjects and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index increased in seven subjects. Mean Constant score for the whole group increased significantly from 44 to 69 points (P   =   0.008). Mean Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index increased from 51 to 71% (P   =   0.021). CONCLUSION: A 12-week eccentric strengthening programme targeting the rotator cuff and incorporating scapular control and correct movement pattern can be effective in decreasing @entity158 and increasing function in @entity1 with @entity5818 . A randomized controlled trial is necessary to provide stronger evidence of the method.

title: Evaluation of an exercise concept focusing on eccentric strength training of the rotator cuff for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']

answer: @entity5818 :: (MESH:D019534,Disease) :: ['subacromial impingement syndrome']


abstract: 1. The uptake, binding and elimination of @entity6286 in liver is compared in adult (180 to 240 g) and "baby" (17 to 19 days old) @entity35 in vivo and in vitro. 2. In both groups there is no relation between the concentration of the poison in the liver and the @entity137 . 3. Although baby @entity35 show a significantly higher tolerance against @entity6286 than the adult animals, the concentration of the poison in the liver of baby @entity35 is higher, and the elimination is significantly slower than in adult @entity35 . 4. The very tight binding and concentration of @entity6286 in the liver is explained by an extremely low dissociation constant. 5. Furthermore, the morphological differences between the poisoning of the liver cells in the entire organ and of isolated liver cells are discussed.

title: [Effects of XXXX in liver cells: binding, morphological changes, and elimination (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

answer: @entity6286 :: (MESH:D010590,Chemical) :: ['phalloidin']


abstract: 1. To determine which subtype(s) of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) receptor are involved in the anorectic action of @entity13613 , the ability of selective antagonists at 5-HT2- and 5-HT3-receptors, and an antagonist at 5-HT1-like receptors, to block this response were investigated in non-deprived @entity35 , trained to eat a palatable diet. 2. @entity13613 (0.5-8 mg kg-1, i.p.) produced a dose-related reduction in the intake of palatable diet. 3. The anorectic effect of 4 mg kg-1 @entity13613 was antagonized by the nonselective @entity750 -receptor antagonist @entity3858 (5 mg kg-1, i.p.) and by the selective 5-HT2-receptor antagonists @entity6009 (1 mg kg-1 and 2.5 mg kg-1, i.p.) and @entity7301 (0.5 mg kg-1 and 1 mg kg-1, i.p.). The selective @entity5376 antagonist @entity3974 (1 mg kg-1, i.p.) and @entity7690 (4 mg kg-1, i.p.), which blocks some of the effects mediated at 5-HT1-like receptors, did not block the reduction in food intake produced by this dose of @entity13613 . 4. None of the @entity750 -receptor antagonists had any effect on food intake when they were administered alone, suggesting that endogenous @entity750 is not involved in the tonic control of food intake under the conditions of these experiments. 5. It is concluded that the anorectic action of @entity13613 is mediated, at least in part, by activation of 5-HT2-receptors.

title: XXXX reduces food intake in the @entity35 by activation of 5-HT2-receptors.

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity13613 :: ('MESH:D011814', 'Chemical') :: ['quipazine', 'Quipazine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['ritanserin']

answer: @entity13613 :: (MESH:D011814,Chemical) :: ['Quipazine']


abstract: On the basis of the comparison of the structure of the Bim @entity2424 : @entity1836 (L) complex and that of the @entity2427 : @entity1836 (L) complex, a series of class A compounds were designed. These compounds had the basic skeleton of @entity2427 and the h2 residues of Bim @entity2424 . These residues had shown themselves to be relevant to Bim @entity2424 's broad-spectrum binding properties in saturation mutagenesis assays. Unlike @entity2427 , which is a selective inhibitor of anti-apoptotic members of the @entity588 protein family, the class A compounds showed broad-spectrum binding activity to target proteins similar to those of Bim @entity2424 peptide. Then class B compounds were synthesized by modifying the structure of the most effective class A compound, @entity26673 . Most of these class B compounds showed better binding affinity to the target proteins than the class A compounds had. They also showed themselves more effective than @entity2427 at inhibiting growth in multiple @entity5 cell lines known to express @entity1836 , @entity588 , and @entity2423 proteins at high levels. Compounds B-11 and B-12 had the strongest anti- @entity5 activity of any compounds we produced. This study suggests that it is feasible to design small-molecule inhibitors based on the structure of Bim @entity2424 , which shows broad-spectrum binding to @entity1836 , @entity588 , and @entity2423 proteins. Our results also suggest that the broad-spectrum properties of small-molecule inhibitors binding to target proteins play a critical role in inhibiting the growth of many @entity5 cells. Finally, our study provides a series of lead compounds that merit further research into anti- @entity5 therapeutics.

title: Design, synthesis, and activity evaluation of broad-spectrum small-molecule inhibitors of anti-apoptotic @entity588 family proteins: characteristics of broad-spectrum protein binding and its effects on anti- XXXX activity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The rates of blood pressure (BP) control worldwide are discouraging. This study had the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of @entity4687 / @entity3591 fixed dose combination on BP-lowering efficacy, and recording adherence, safety and tolerability during a 4 month treatment period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this multicenter, observational study 2269 @entity101 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled. The data were recorded at 1 and 4 months of treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Between the first and third visits mean BP values (systolic/diastolic) decreased from 158.4        13.6/89.9        8.7   mmHg to 130.0        7.9/77.7        6.3   mmHg (P   <   0.001). The magnitude of @entity551 depended on baseline blood pressure levels and total cardiovascular (CV) risk (P   <   0.001). @entity1 with grade 1, 2 and 3 showed a @entity551 of 21.9/10.0   mmHg, 34.4/14.2   mmHg and 51.4/21.2   mmHg, accordingly (P   <   0.001). @entity1 with very high, high, moderate and low added CV risk showed a @entity551 of 35.7/14.9   mmHg, 27.5/12.1   mmHg, 28.6/12.2   mmHg and 14.5/5.8   mmHg respectively (P   <   0.001). Adherence to treatment was high: 98.3% of the sample was taking the treatment "every day" or "quite often", while only 15 @entity1 (0.7% of the sample) prematurely discontinued treatment. Study interpretation may be limited by the fact that this is an observational study with no comparator and a short follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity4687 / @entity3591 fixed dose combination significantly decreases BP levels. The degree of @entity551 is related to baseline BP levels and total CV risk.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX / @entity3591 fixed dose combination in everyday clinical practice: results from the EMERALD study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['BP reduction']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity4687 :: (MESH:D020913,Chemical) :: ['perindopril']