abstract: High circulating levels of @entity10133 (FVII) are known to be associated with elevated concentrations of blood lipids. More specifically, @entity2298 is correlated with raised FVII coagulant activity (FVIIc). Recently, evidence has been described which suggests that elevation in FVIIc might reflect an increase in the total concentration of FVII, as evaluated by quantitation of FVII antigen (FVIIag). It is also known that FVIIc represents a risk factor for @entity65 , but the prediction of cardiovascular risk based on @entity412 estimation is the subject of conflicting results. Since @entity2299 featuring abnormal @entity412 metabolism is pathophysiologically heterogeneous, we analyzed the possible relationships between FVII and @entity412 further and under standardized postprandial conditions. For this purpose we studied FVIIc and FVIIag in relation to triglyceridemia after a standardized test meal. Our results confirm that FVIIc and FVIIag levels are strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.714; p = 0.01). In addition, both were significantly increased (p less than 0.02) in @entity1 who exhibited abnormal @entity412 levels 8 h after a standardized test meal, as compared to those who displayed normal triglyceridemia. Furthermore, we found that @entity755 levels were also increased in such @entity1 . The deficient postprandial catabolism of @entity1674 , therefore, appears to be related to an increase in total FVII concentration, suggesting that some association between the metabolism of @entity412 -rich lipoproteins and FVII might underlie the mechanism of the elevation in FVII. Given the important contribution of FVII to @entity49 , then our results may be relevant to the understanding of the role of postprandial @entity412 in atherogenesis and in consideration of the circadian prevalence of cardiovascular @entity715 .

title: @entity10133 and plasma XXXX . Decreased catabolism as a possible mechanism of factor VII hyperactivity.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity10133 :: ('2155', 'Gene') :: ['coagulation factor VII']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity999 occur frequently in @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity1294 . The authors investigated the effect of @entity999 on @entity73 in both @entity195 and @entity1294 @entity1 over a 2-year period. METHOD: @entity999 entering the middle cerebral arteries were counted at baseline and every 6 months over the following 18 months using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in 144 @entity1 with @entity303 ( @entity195 , N=84; @entity1294 , N=60). Deterioration in cognition was measured every 6 months over 2 years using the @entity195 Assessment Scale-Cognitive ( @entity11509 -Cog), the Mini-Mental State Examination (to assess cognition), the Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in @entity303 (to assess function), and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (to assess @entity146 ). The relationship between @entity999 and progression of @entity303 was analyzed using longitudinal regression modeling, adjusted for age, sex, diagnostic subtype, age at onset of @entity303 , and significant vascular risk factors. RESULTS: @entity999 were detected in 63 (44%) @entity303 @entity1 , 36 (43%) @entity195 @entity1 , and 27 (45%) @entity1294 @entity1 . @entity11509 -Cog scores revealed @entity5122 in cognitive functioning in @entity1 with @entity999 over 2 years, with a mean increase in score of 15.4 in these @entity1 , compared with only 6.0 for those without @entity999 . Similarly, Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in @entity303 scores revealed more rapid deterioration in those with @entity999 , with a mean increase in score of 59.0 in these @entity1 , compared with 17.9 for those without @entity999 . Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores also indicated faster decline in @entity1 with @entity999 , with a mean increase in score of 12.0 in these @entity1 , compared with a mean decrease in score of -3.8 for @entity1 in whom no emboli were detected. CONCLUSIONS: @entity999 predict more rapid progression of @entity303 over 2 years in both @entity195 and @entity1294 . Clinical trials on the inhibition of @entity999 in the prevention and treatment of @entity303 are needed.

title: Association of @entity999 with accelerated XXXX in @entity195 and @entity1294 .

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['faster deterioration']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia', 'Dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and functional decline']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous cerebral emboli', 'Cerebral emboli', 'cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive deterioration']


abstract: CONTEXT: Detailed data on severe @entity1445 with @entity1089 are relatively sparsely reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To describe a cohort of 20 acute @entity1089 @entity1445 and provide additional data on the pharmacokinetics and clinical features of intoxication with this drug. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on @entity1 with @entity1089 poisoning admitted to our institution. We included moderate to severe @entity1445 between 2005-2011 who required admission to ICU. RESULTS: Predominantly female @entity1 (n = 17) ingested a median dose of 9.8 g @entity1089 . Poison Severity Score was moderate in 9 @entity1 , severe in 10 @entity1 and in one case fatal. @entity1089 was analytically confirmed in all cases. Clinical manifestations included drowsiness or @entity772 (all @entity1 ), @entity591 (12 @entity1 ) and @entity551 (10 @entity1 ). @entity410 and @entity943 occurred in 4 @entity1 , each. Intubation and mechanical ventilation was required in 14 @entity1 due to @entity410 , @entity1576 or loss of airway protection and 15 @entity1 developed @entity55 . Hypokalaemia and hyperglycaemia were present at admission in 10 and 5 @entity1 , respectively. Despite frequent prolongation of the QT(c) in 13 @entity1 , QT interval was normal in most cases and QRS-interval was prolonged in only one patient. Presumably anticholinergic @entity933 was recognised in 8 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 received @entity2607 with good clinical response. In 13 cases @entity1089 was analysed quantitatively in serum with a relevantly prolonged half-life (16    12 h) and a median peak serum concentration of 3074 ng/mL. In 4 of these 13 @entity1 we observed an increase of @entity1089 serum concentration in the further course. CONCLUSION: In this study, @entity1089 @entity1445 were associated with significant @entity137 and a fairly high number of complications. A careful and often prolonged clinical observation in the more severe cases of @entity1445 seems mandatory.

title: Clinical and analytical features of severe suicidal XXXX @entity1445 --a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses', 'overdose']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine', 'Quetiapine']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['quetiapine']


abstract: Class A @entity1457 factors (Hsfs) of @entity958 are known to function as transcriptional activators of stress genes. Genetic and functional analysis suggests that @entity19356 and @entity19357 are central regulators required in the early phase of the @entity1457 response, which have the capacity to functionally replace each other. In order to examine Hsf interaction in vivo, we conducted interaction assays using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) on @entity958 protoplasts co-transformed with suitable Hsf-YFP fusion genes. BiFC assays were quantified with confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry, and confirmed with immunoprecipitation assays. For each Hsf we could not only demonstrate homomeric interactions but also detect heteromeric interaction between @entity19356 and @entity19357 . Truncated versions of these of Hsfs, containing deletions of the oligomerization domains (ODs), provided clear evidence that the ODs are required and sufficient for the HSF interaction in vivo. By contrast there was only homomeric but no heteromeric interaction detected between two different class B Hsf transcription factors ( @entity32627 and @entity32628 ) in a yeast two-hybrid assay. @entity32627 / @entity32628 functions are not directly linked with the expression of conventional @entity1457 genes; class B Hsfs are devoid of the activation domain motif conserved in class A Hsfs. In order to identify other proteins interacting with @entity32627 and @entity32628 we performed yeast two-hybrid screenings of cDNA libraries. Three of the identified proteins were common to both screenings. This suggests that @entity32627 and @entity32628 may be involved in complex regulatory networks, which are linked to other stress responses and signaling processes.

title: Detection of in vivo interactions between XXXX class A-HSFs, using a novel BiFC fragment, and identification of novel class B-HSF interacting proteins.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Clinicians have traditionally withheld opiate @entity1337 from @entity1 with acute @entity490 until after evaluation by a surgeon, out of concern that @entity1337 may alter the physical findings and interfere with diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of opiate analgesics on the rational clinical examination and operative decision for @entity1 with acute @entity490 . DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: MEDLINE (through May 2006), EMBASE, and hand searches of article bibliographies to identify placebo-controlled randomized trials of opiate @entity1337 reporting changes in the history, physical examination findings, or diagnostic errors (those resulting in "management errors," defined as the performance of unnecessary surgery or failure to perform necessary surgery in a timely fashion). DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently reviewed each study, abstracted data, and classified study quality. A third reviewer independently resolved discrepancies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies both in adults (9 trials) and in @entity1 (3 trials) showed trends toward increased risks of altered findings on the abdominal examination due to opiate administration, with risk ratios for changes in the examination of 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 2.69) and 2.11 (95% CI, 0.60 to 7.35), respectively. When the analysis was restricted to the 8 adult and pediatric trials that reported significantly greater @entity1337 for @entity1 who received opiates compared with those who received placebo, the risk of physical examination changes became significant (risk ratio, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.98). These trials exhibited significant heterogeneity (I2 = 68.6%; P = .002), and only 2 trials distinguished clinically significant changes such as loss of peritoneal signs from all other changes; consequently, we analyzed risk of management errors as a marker for important changes in the physical examination. Opiate administration had no significant association with management errors (+0.3% absolute increase; 95% CI, -4.1% to +4.7%). The 3 pediatric trials showed a nonsignificant absolute decrease in management errors (-0.8%; 95% CI, -8.6% to +6.9%). Across adult and pediatric trials with adequate @entity1337 , opiate administration was associated with a nonsignificant absolute decrease in the risk of management errors (-0.2%; 95% CI, -4.0% to +3.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Opiate administration may alter the physical examination findings, but these changes result in no significant increase in management errors. The existing literature does not rule out a small increase in errors, but this error rate reflects a conservative definition in which surgeries labeled as either delayed or unnecessary may have met appropriate standards of care. In published research reports, no @entity1 experienced major morbidity or mortality attributable to opiate administration.

title: Do opiates affect the clinical evaluation of XXXX with acute @entity490 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative data from DSA have become important tools for understanding hemodynamic changes of @entity1504 . In this study, we evaluated 8 hemodynamic parameters in @entity1 before and after carotid artery angioplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DSA images of 34 @entity1 with @entity543 who underwent angioplasty and stent placement were retrospectively analyzed. Eleven ROIs (M1, M2, A1, A2, the parietal vein, superior sagittal sinus, internal jugular vein, and 4 in the @entity6455 ) were selected on color-coded DSA. Eight hemodynamic parameters (bolus arrival time, @entity2106 , relative @entity2106 , full width at half maximum, wash-in slope, washout slope, maximum enhancement, and area under the curve) were measured from the time-concentration curves of these ROIs. The dependent t test for paired samples was applied to these parameters before and after stent placement. RESULTS: We found that the treatment significantly reduced @entity2106 , relative @entity2106 , bolus arrival time, and washout slope at all arterial ROIs and full width at half maximum and area under the curve at some arterial ROIs. Bolus arrival time was significantly reduced after treatment for all arterial ROIs, the parietal vein, and the superior sagittal sinus. The maximum enhancement and wash-in slope did not show significant changes after treatment. After treatment, the relative @entity2106 from the @entity6455 to M1, M2, and the parietal vein returned to normal values. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to @entity2106 and relative @entity2106 , other parameters can be used to evaluate peritherapeutic cerebral hemodynamic changes. Bolus arrival time has the potential to evaluate brain circulation at arterial and venous sites, especially when @entity2106 cannot be measured because of an incomplete time-concentration curve.

title: Peritherapeutic Hemodynamic Changes of Carotid Stenting Evaluated with Quantitative DSA in XXXX with @entity543 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) is commonly utilized after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) to assess stone-free (SF) status. In addition to assessing SF status, CT is useful in the recognition of complications after PNL. We characterized complications demonstrated by postoperative CT scan and compared hospital re-admission rates based on whether or not CT was performed. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed records of 1032 consecutive @entity1 from April 1999 to June 2010. @entity1 were divided into two cohorts based on whether they had a CT within 24 hours of PNL. Demographic data, CT findings, and need for re-admission for complication management were assessed. RESULTS: Nine hundred fifty-seven @entity1 (92.7%) underwent post-PNL CT. CT-diagnosed complications were perinephric @entity1410 in 41 (4.3%; 2 requiring embolization and 9 necessitating transfusion), @entity1143 in 25 (2.6%; 10 requiring intervention), colon perforation in 2 (0.2%), and @entity130 in 2 (0.2%). Of @entity1 with @entity260 , 33% required intervention. Among @entity1 with a CT, 6 (0.6%) were readmitted despite negative postoperative CT (four perinephric @entity1410 , one @entity456 , and one @entity2849 ). The sensitivity of CT for diagnosing complications was 92.7%. Seventy-five @entity1 (7.3%) did not undergo CT post-PNL. Of these, four (5.33%) were readmitted: three for perinephric @entity1410 and one for ureteral clot obstruction. @entity1 undergoing post-PNL CT were less likely to be readmitted because of missed complications (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Serious post-PNL complications are uncommon, but their prompt diagnosis and treatment is imperative. In addition to identifying residual stones, CT is useful in diagnosing @entity260 . Postoperative CT could potentially be considered for all @entity1 undergoing PNL, particularly in complex cases such as @entity1 with @entity854 ( @entity8 ), @entity1 requiring upper pole access (risk of @entity409 ), and @entity1 requiring multisite access (higher risk of perinephric @entity1410 or need for transfusion).

title: The utility of noncontrast computed tomography in the prompt diagnosis of XXXX after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anatomic abnormality or retrorenal colon']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic, hepatic, and splenic complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['anatomical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['calyceal-pleural fistula']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to provide a preliminary assessment of the performance of a decellularized pericardial patch in a trileaflet aortic valve reconstruction in a long-term juvenile @entity742 model. METHODS: A @entity742 surgical model was used to perform a complete trileaflet reconstruction (Ozaki technique) of the aortic valve with 3 separate pericardial patches. Valve function was assessed 1  week, 3  months, and 6  months after surgery via transthoracic echocardiography. Calcification resistance and host cell infiltration of the pericardial material were assessed at 6  months after surgery. RESULTS: Three of 6 @entity742 with implanted pericardial neo-cusps survived until the planned time of sacrifice after surgery, whereas 3 animals had a successful implant but died shortly after the procedure as the result of a bad recovery from cardiopulmonary bypass. Echocardiography at 6  months revealed a high coaptation area with only minimal regurgitation. In all explanted leaflets, cusp tissue was soft. There was only minimal @entity730 in 8 of 9 leaflets. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valves reconstructed with a decellularized pericardial patch demonstrated adequate diastolic function with minimal regurgitation and resistance to @entity730 . Combining the Ozaki technique with this decellularized pericardial scaffold showed adequate hemodynamics, sustained mechanical integrity of the patch and limited @entity730 of the material. These results, together with earlier experimental and clinical data, indicate the potential of this material for aortic valve repair.

title: Trileaflet aortic valve reconstruction with a decellularized pericardial patch in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Introduction. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of surgeon relocation on @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) retrieval in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) resection. Methods. The study population was 213 consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity14 resection by a single surgeon, at two units: unit one 110 operations (2002-2005) and unit two 103 (2005-2009). @entity1600 yields and case mix were compared. Results. Median @entity1600 harvests were significantly different between the two centres: unit 1: 13 nodes/ @entity1 and unit 2: 22 nodes/ @entity1 (P < .001). In unit one 42% of cases were @entity1600 positive and in unit two 48% (P = .398). There was no difference in case mix. Multivariate analysis identified unit (P < .001) and pathologist (P = .007) as independent predictors of harvest. Conclusions. A surgeon moving units can experience significantly different @entity1600 yield following @entity14 resection. Both units comply with national standards, but the "surgeon's results" at the two units appear to be pathologist dependent. This has implications for nodal harvest as a surrogate marker of surgical quality.

title: Same Surgeon: Different Centre Equals Differing Lymph Node Harvest following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer Resection']


abstract: Dietary protein restriction is one major therapy in @entity740 ( @entity740 ), and ketoacids have been evaluated in @entity740 @entity1 during restricted-protein diets. The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids ( @entity24340 +KA) and a low-protein diet alone ( @entity24340 ) in halting the development of @entity8 in @entity740 . 5/6 Nephrectomy @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups, and fed with either 22 % protein (normal-protein diet; NPD), 6 % protein ( @entity24340 ) or 5 % protein plus 1 % ketoacids ( @entity24340 +KA) for 24 weeks. Sham-operated @entity35 were used as controls. Each 5/6 nephrectomy group included fifteen @entity35 and the control group included twelve @entity35 . @entity644 , decreased renal function, @entity8 and tubulointerstitial @entity82 were found in the remnant kidneys of the NPD group. Protein restriction ameliorated these changes, and the effect was more obvious in the @entity24340 +KA group after 5/6 nephrectomy. Lower body weight and serum albumin levels were found in the @entity24340 group, indicating @entity3147 . Lipid and protein oxidative products were significantly increased in the @entity24340 group compared with the @entity24340 +KA group. These findings indicate that a @entity24340 supplemented with @entity28869 is more effective than a @entity24340 alone in protecting the function of remnant kidneys from progressive injury, which may be mediated by ketoacids ameliorating @entity3147 and oxidative stress @entity8 .

title: A low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids plays a more protective role against oxidative stress of XXXX kidney tissue with 5/6 nephrectomy than a low-protein diet alone.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions', 'injury in remnant kidney tissue', 'glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity28869 :: ('MESH:D007651', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoacids']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['protein malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity291 herpesvirus ( @entity6763 ) and Bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) have been reported to cross the species barrier. Antibody seroconversion in glycoprotein E (gE) blocking ELISA during BuHV-1 @entity281 has been documented. Recent diagnostic efforts have focused on the development and application of discriminatory tests to distinguish between infections with @entity6763 and BuHV-1. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact and distribution of these two infections in @entity11520 farms in two regions (Piedmont (n = 3) and Campania (n = 10), Italy) where @entity166 bovine @entity17976 control programs have been implemented. ANIMALS AND METHODS: Sampling was carried out on 13 buffalo farms comprising 1089 animals using specific gE-indirect ELISA's test able to discriminate among @entity6763 and BuHV-1 infections. RESULTS: 59.0% of animals reacted positive to ELISA (irrespective of whether @entity6763 or BuHV-1 antigen was used) and 86.4% of these were reactive to BuHV-1 only, whereas 11.8% showed absorbance values for both antigens and were classified as inconclusive. There was a statistically significant age-related difference in BuHV-1 @entity281 rates but not in overall individual (47% vs. 58%) or herd prevalence (100% vs. 90%) of @entity281 between the two regions. CONCLUSION: The low percentage of sera reactive to @entity6763 (1.8%, 12/643) indicates that BuHV-1 may be the main circulating alphaherpesvirus @entity281 in Mediterranean @entity11520 in the two study areas. Since @entity11520 is included in Directive 64/432/EEC on @entity4409 affecting intra-community trade in @entity291 animals, diagnostic testing with nonspecific ELISA for @entity6763 @entity281 in buffalo may yield false-positive reactions. This scenario could lead to economic losses and hamper buffalo trade and movement, particularly for reproduction purposes.

title: Prevalence of antibodies against Bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) among Mediterranean XXXX ( @entity11520 ) with implications in buffalo trade.

entities_list: @entity17976 :: ('MESH:D007241', 'Disease') :: ['rhinotracheitis']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health problems']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity11520 :: ('89462', 'Species') :: ['water buffalo', 'Bubalus bubalis']

answer: @entity11520 :: (89462,Species) :: ['water buffalo']


abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of two members of a novel family of @entity460 -independent plasmalogen-selective phospholipases A2 in @entity1 myocardium (Wolf, R. A., and R. W. Gross. 1985. J. Biol. Chem. 260:7295-7303; and Hazen, S. L., D. A. Ford, and R. W. Gross. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:5629-5633). To examine the potential role of these @entity460 -independent phospholipases A2 in mediating membrane dysfunction during early @entity741 , the temporal course of alterations in @entity3900 activity during global @entity63 in Langendorf perfused @entity95 hearts was quantified and compared with traditionally accepted markers of @entity63 and anaerobic metabolism. We now report that membrane-associated @entity460 -independent plasmalogen-selective @entity3900 activity increased over 400% during 2 min of global @entity63 (P less than 0.01), was near maximally activated (greater than 10-fold) after only 5 min of @entity63 , and remained activated throughout the entire @entity63 interval examined (2-60 min). Activation of membrane-associated plasmalogen-selective @entity3900 after 5 min of @entity741 was rapidly reversible during reperfusion of @entity63 tissue. Both the activation of @entity3900 and its reversibility during reperfusion were temporally correlated to alterations in myocytic anaerobic metabolism. Furthermore, activation of membrane-associated @entity3900 was essentially complete before electron microscopic evidence of cellular damage. Collectively, these results identify dynamic alterations in @entity460 -independent plasmalogen-selective @entity3900 activity during @entity741 which precede irreversible cellular injury and demonstrate that activation of plasmalogen-selective @entity3900 is amongst the earliest biochemical alterations in @entity63 myocardium.

title: The rapid and reversible activation of a @entity460 -independent plasmalogen-selective XXXX during @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['myocytic ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3900 :: (151056,Gene) :: ['phospholipase A2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Porcine @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) have been widely used in experimental and clinical research for abdominal wall repair. Compared to porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS), the effect of these matrices on the regenerative capacity of blood vessels is still not ideal. Multi-walled @entity505 nanotubes (MWNTs) can more effectively transport @entity6667 to cells or tissues because of their large specific surface area and interior cavity. In this study, we explored the safety and efficacy of implanted @entity6667 -loaded MWNT composite scaffolds in vitro and vivo to repair abdominal wall defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity6667 -loaded MWNTs were prepared by a modified plasma polymerization treatment. Four composite scaffolds were evaluated for @entity137 , proliferation, and release dynamics. We created 3 cm 4 cm abdominal wall defects in 43 @entity35 . After implantation times of 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the scaffolds and the surrounding tissues were collected and examined by gross inspection, biomechanical testing, and histological examination. RESULTS: A 5-10 nm @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) film was evenly distributed on MWNTs. The 3% MWNT composite group showed lower @entity137 and appropriate release performance, and it was thus tested in vivo. In @entity35 with the 3% composite implanted, host cells were prevented from migrating to the @entity7674 at 2 weeks, vascularization was established more rapidly at 12 weeks, and the values for both the maximum load and the elastic modulus were significantly lower than in the @entity7674 -alone group (p<0.01). Histological staining revealed that the MWNT was still not completely eliminated 12 weeks after implantation. CONCLUSION: MWNTs were able to carry @entity6667 to cells or tissues, and the 3% MWNT composite material showed lower @entity137 and had an appropriate release performance, which prompted faster vascularization of the @entity7674 than other scaffolds. Nevertheless, the MWNTs induced harmful effects that should be carefully considered in biomedical studies.

title: Repair of abdominal wall defects in vitro and in vivo using @entity6667 sustained-release multi-walled XXXX nanotubes (MWNT) composite scaffolds.

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['acellular dermal matrices', 'ADM']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: While cervical @entity5 screening relies on cervical cytology and high-risk @entity1082 ) detection, the histologic diagnosis, and specifically lesion grade, is the main parameter that drives clinical management of screen-positive @entity1 . Morphologically diagnosed squamous @entity75 ( @entity13763 / @entity8046 ) regress spontaneously in more than half of the cases, but identifying those likely to persist and progress is not currently possible based upon morphology. Lack of major capsid protein L1 expression has been suggested as a feature in progressive lesions, whereas expression of the minor capsid protein L2 has not been extensively evaluated. The goal of this study is to evaluate immunohistochemical expression of @entity35176 in SILs in correlation with lesion grade. A total of 150 cervical specimens with SILs were selected based on @entity1799 or HPV 18 detection by Q-PCR. These included 89 low-grade SILs (LSIL/ @entity8046 1) and 123 high-grade SILs (75 @entity2784 / @entity8046 2 and 48 @entity2784 / @entity8046 3). More than one lesion/grade was identified in 53 specimens. The presence and grade of @entity13763 was determined by a panel of pathologists. Capsid protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using MAB 837 for @entity7373 . Lesions of different grades in the same specimen were scored separately. Expression of capsid proteins was detected in 34/89 (40%) LSIL/ @entity8046 1, 5/75 (6%) @entity2784 / @entity8046 2 and none of 48 @entity2784 / @entity8046 3. @entity35176 were co-expressed in the same area of the lesion in 22 cases. In addition, L1 alone was expressed in 6 lesions and L2 alone in 11 lesions. Among the cases with multiple lesion grades in the same specimen, none with @entity2784 / @entity8046 3 expressed capsid proteins in any portion/grade of the lesion. HPV capsid proteins are expressed almost exclusively in LSIL/ @entity8046 1 and rarely in @entity2784 / @entity8046 2. Additional studies are warranted to examine lack of @entity35176 expression in LSIL/ @entity8046 1 as a predictor of persistence or progression to @entity2784 / @entity8046 3, the precursor of cervical @entity5 .

title: Immunohistochemical detection of XXXX capsid proteins L1 and L2 in squamous @entity75 : potential utility in diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: @entity302 drive expression of the blood-brain barrier efflux transporter P-glycoprotein via a @entity2227 / @entity4645 mediated signalling pathway. Targeting this pathway may represent an innovative approach to control P-glycoprotein expression in the @entity302 brain and to enhance brain delivery of antiepileptic drugs. Therefore, we tested the effect of specific @entity4645 inhibition on P-glycoprotein expression in two different @entity159 models. Moreover, the impact of a @entity4645 inhibitor on expression of the efflux transporter and on brain delivery of an antiepileptic drug was evaluated in @entity35 with recurrent spontaneous @entity410 . The highly selective @entity4645 inhibitors @entity32912 and @entity8228 both counteracted the @entity159 -associated increase in P-glycoprotein expression in the parahippocampal cortex and the ventral hippocampus. In line with our working hypothesis, a sub-chronic 2-week treatment with @entity32912 in the chronic @entity302 state kept P-glycoprotein expression at control levels. As described previously, enhanced P-glycoprotein expression in chronic @entity302 @entity35 was associated with a significant reduction in the brain penetration of the antiepileptic drug @entity3174 . Importantly, the brain delivery of @entity3174 was significantly enhanced by sub-chronic @entity4645 inhibition in @entity35 with recurrent @entity410 . In conclusion, the data substantiate targeting of @entity4645 in the chronic @entity302 brain as a promising strategy to control the expression levels of P-glycoprotein despite recurrent @entity410 activity. @entity4645 inhibition may therefore help to increase concentrations of antiepileptic drugs at the target sites in the @entity302 brain. It needs to be further evaluated whether the approach also enhances efficacy.

title: COX-2 inhibition controls P-glycoprotein expression and promotes brain delivery of @entity3174 in chronic @entity302 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'Epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity4645 :: ('29527(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['cyclooxygenase-2', 'Cyclooxygenase-2']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity9282 is due to @entity82 of one or both the heads of @entity121 . This may also involve the platysma, scalene muscles, and the carotid sheath and may be associated with @entity3799 . Conventional surgical procedures leave visible scars. Ramirez, who used the posterior part of the traditional face-lift incision, made perhaps the first attempt at concealing scars. Burstein et al. reported a large series of subcutaneous endoscopic release of torticollis through a hairline approach. Sasaki described an endoscopic two-incision, posterior auricular fold and hairline approach. A technique of transaxillary subcutaneous endoscopy for the release of the @entity121 in @entity9282 is described here. This procedure provides direct access to the @entity82 , enables release without risk of damage to the spinal accessory nerve, external jugular vein, or greater auricular nerve, and leaves no visible neck scars. Two cases of @entity9282 presenting in adulthood were managed successfully by this technique. The fibrotic part of @entity121 was released and the normal range of head motion was restored. There were no surgical complications encountered and the @entity1 achieved @entity158 in six weeks. This technique provides direct and quick access, perpendicular to the line of the fibrotic bands, avoids @entity531 and does not leave visible neck scars.

title: Transaxillary endoscopic release of restricting bands in XXXX --a novel technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'fibrous bands']

entities_list: @entity9282 :: ('MESH:C535425', 'Disease') :: ['congenital muscular torticollis', 'Congenital muscular torticollis']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['complete pain free range of movement']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['injury to neurovascular structures']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['sternocleidomastoid muscle']

answer: @entity9282 :: (MESH:C535425,Disease) :: ['congenital muscular torticollis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We performed a narrative review about @entity74 in adults with @entity661 and @entity296 . Through the electronic database PubMed and PsycINFO we searched all relevant related manuscripts published between 2000 and 2015. We found twelve studies that explore @entity74 in @entity661 and eight about @entity296 : five enrolled @entity1 with @entity1121 , two @entity384 , and one @entity4128 . All papers reported the presence of @entity74 . In @entity661 , @entity308 fluctuates between 20.5 and 48% and @entity148 was present among 26 and 56%. A study reported that @entity148 increases the probability of developing @entity661 . In @entity384 , @entity148 was present in 50% and @entity308 in 22%. In @entity4128 , younger age, poorer functional capacity and having experienced at least one implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock, were significant independent predictors of both device-specific and generalized @entity148 . In @entity1121 , @entity148 and @entity308 were present in 45.2% and 17.9%, respectively. Thirty seven percent met diagnostic criteria for @entity148 and 21% for @entity1316 . Nearby half @entity1121 @entity1 report triggering of @entity662 , @entity1353 , and @entity1296 . Due to the small number of studies, conclusions are limited. However, we discuss some results.

title: @entity74 in adults with XXXX and @entity661 .

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['inherited cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Takotsubo syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness by emotional stress']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['inherited cardiomyopathies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In premenopausal @entity1 , low bone density may reflect attainment of a lower peak bone mass which can increase risk of @entity170 after menopause. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between total body, lumbar spine, and proximal femur @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and body composition and oral contraceptive (OC) use in 18-30 year old @entity1 . Sixty-five healthy @entity1 , split into groups of oral contraceptive users (OC, n = 36) and non oral contraceptive users (Non-OC, n = 29), completed Baecke physical activity, @entity460 intake, and menstrual history questionnaires. Total body, AP lumbar spine, and dual proximal femur scans were performed using Dual Energy X- @entity16039 Absorptiometry (DXA). Body composition measures were obtained from the total body scan analysis. No significant differences were found for @entity79 in OC users and non-users. Bone free lean body mass (BFLBM) and weight were positively correlated to all @entity79 sites, and fat mass was related to total body and L1-L4 spine @entity79 (p < 0.05). Stepwise regression analyses determined that weight was a significant predictor for all @entity79 sites (p < 0.05). When separating the two components of body weight, BFLBM was a significant predictor for all @entity79 sites, and fat mass only predicted total body @entity79 . In conclusion, this study indicates that weight and BFLBM are significant contributors to @entity79 in young healthy premenopausal @entity1 , and OC use did not influence the relationship between @entity79 and BFLBM.

title: Influence of Body Composition, Oral Contraceptive Use, and Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of the principal @entity3459 , tissue factor (TF), by @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cells is involved in tumoral angiogenesis and @entity3 progression, after binding of factor VIIa (FVIIa) to TF and generation of TF-FVIIa activity. We thus hypothesized that inhibition of the TF pathway by active site-blocked FVIIa (FFR-FVIIa) may prevent the development of @entity99 in @entity14 . METHODS: @entity35 tumoral cells (DHDK12 proB cells) expressing high levels of TF were injected in the portal vein in syngenic BDIX @entity35 . @entity35 received intraperitoneal injection of either FFR-FVIIa, from d 3 to d 7 (adjuvant treatment) (n = 19), or solvent buffer (n = 18) (control group). Additionally, @entity5 cells were infused subcutaneously in 20 other @entity35 , which were assigned to FFR-FVIIa adjuvant treatment (n = 10), or buffer treatment (n = 10). Macroscopic and histological analysis was performed at d 14. RESULTS: In the control group, infusion of @entity5 cells resulted in development of macroscopic @entity99 in 17/18 @entity35 . In the adjuvant FFR-FVIIa group, macroscopic @entity99 were visible on the liver surface in 3/19 @entity35 (P = 0.002 versus control). All @entity35 with subcutaneous injection of proB cells exhibited macroscopic @entity5 , with no significant difference between the control and the treated ones. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of the proteolytic activity of TF-FVIIa complex blunted @entity99 , suggesting that TF-FVIIa is a relevant target for the prevention of @entity99 in @entity14 . TF-blocking agents should be investigated as adjuvant treatment in this setting.

title: Inhibition of tissue factor-factor VIIa proteolytic activity blunts XXXX in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['initiator of coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'hematogenous hepatic metastasis', 'hepatic metastasis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic metastasis']


abstract: Hydropathicity analysis of 39 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) reveals seven hydrophobic stretches corresponding to membrane spanning alpha-helices. The alignment of the primary sequences shows a high degree of homology in the GPCR transmembrane regions. 3D models of 39 GPCRs were generated using the refined model of bacteriorhodopsin as a template. Five cationic neurotransmitter receptors (serotonergic 5-HT2, dopaminergic D2, muscarinic m2, adrenergic alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors) were taken as prototypes and studied in detail. The 3D models of the cationic neurotransmitter receptors, together with their primary structure comparison, indicate that the agonist binding site is located near the extracellular face of the receptor and involves residues of the membrane-spanning helices 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The binding site consists of a negatively-charged @entity2574 located at the middle of transmembrane helix 3 and a hydrophobic pocket containing conserved aromatic residues on helices 4, 5, 6, and 7. To define the precise receptor-ligand interactions, the natural neurotransmitters were docked into the binding sites. Residues responsible for the affinity, selectivity, and eventually stereospecificity of @entity935 , @entity1425 , @entity1063 , @entity750 , and @entity934 for their receptors were identified. The ligands are involved in electrostatic interactions as well as @entity3884 bonds and specific hydrophobic aromatic interactions. All the GPCRs possess invariant hinge residues, which might be responsible for a conformational change during agonist binding and therefore influence dissociation and association of G-proteins to the receptors. The role of hydrophobic interactions and @entity3884 bonds in the conformational change of the receptors, modulating the coupling to the G-protein, is discussed with regard to these residues. The models are in agreement with published data obtained from mutagenesis and labeling studies and represent important working hypotheses to direct future mutagenesis studies. They also enable structure-activity relationship studies and more rational drug design. The 3D models of other G-protein-coupled receptors have been generated in a similar way.

title: Modeling of G-protein-coupled receptors: application to XXXX , @entity1425 , @entity750 , @entity934 , and mammalian opsin receptors.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: We evaluated critical variables in Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) immunotherapy of residual 13762A @entity35 mammary @entity420 . BCG was given intratumorally on Day 7 of @entity5 growth and followed by @entity5 excisions on Day 20. Untreated animals died on about Day 40 with axillary nodal and pulmonary parenchymal metastases. BCG-treated animals experienced prolonged survival, and some were cured. The highest dose (5.0 X 10(7) colony-forming units) of @entity8153 was more effective than the lowest (0.5 X 10(7) colony-forming units), but 1,500 micrograms Corynebacterium parvum were more effective than even the highest BCG dose. Previous sensitization to BCG did not improve the effects of BCG treatment. BCG treatment was effective when given on Day 7 and sometimes as late as Day 12 or 17, but @entity2432 was ineffective if given after Day 7. Repeated injections of BCG or @entity2432 were not more effective than single injections were. @entity35 cured of residual 13762A @entity5 by BCG treatment were strongly and specifically immune to rechallenge. We concluded that a high dose (5.0 X 10(7) colony-forming units) of BCG given early (7 days) was the most effective presurgical treatment of 13762A metastases. Repeated injections or host presensitization to BCG did not improve the benefits.

title: Conditions for effective Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin immunotherapy of postsurgical metastases of 13762A XXXX mammary @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Much progress has been made in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) and @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). In @entity2150 it was shown that hemopoietic chimerism and apparently permanent cures can be achieved in the majority of @entity1 by conditioning with @entity786 followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an HLA-identical sibling. The previous transfusion history is crucial for failure or success: untransfused @entity1 do very well while graft rejection is an enormous problem in most polytransfused ones. We have shown that most @entity1 without HLA-identical sibling donors can be adequately helped as well. After conditioning with ALG followed by transfusion of haploidentical marrow and low dose @entity3800 there is partial to complete autologous hemopoietic reconstitution in virtually all @entity1 . This points to the fact that most of these @entity1 have pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells that are intact, but apparently unable to differentiate to mature cells, because they are inhibited by autoimmune mechanisms. The results of BMT in @entity1 with endstage @entity1778 are modest. New pilotstudies with early marrow grafts, i.e. for @entity3052 in first remission and for @entity981 in second remission indicate that with this type of approach potentially over 50% of all @entity1 with HLA-identical siblings can be cured. We recommend that HLA-typing should be performed early in families with @entity2150 and @entity3052 and that the possibility of a marrow graft should be seriously considered before the @entity1 have endstage disease. Marrow grafts are technically simple but they may pose enormous problems such as graft versus host reaction (GvH), @entity401 , graft rejection and leukemic recurrence. Therefore, the procedure should only be performed in highly specialized centers with much knowledge and experience in the immunobiology of bone marrow transplantation.

title: [Bone marrow transplantation in XXXX and @entity3052 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['severe aplastic anemia', 'SAA']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'ANLL', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['severe aplastic anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost-effectiveness between @entity4316 ( @entity24766 ) and @entity1499 - @entity4181 (MTX-FA) in the treatment of low-risk @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ) in the Thai population. STUDY DESIGN: A comparative cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from a societal perspective. A decision tree model was developed comparing 2 alternative treatment options: initial 5-day @entity24766 and 8-day MTX-FA. Treatment would be switched to another regimen in case of resistance. The outcome of interest is number of days to remission. Clinical data was obtained from our previous study in which @entity24766 demonstrated 100% remission rates as compared to 73.6% for MTX-FA. Cost of treatment data, which includes chemotherapeutics, accessory medications, laboratory tests, and hospital fees, was obtained from a university hospital. @entity1 -related travel cost and opportunity cost due to absence from work were also included. All costs were calculated to 2015 base year. RESULT: Costs per treatment cycle were  308.01 and  227.20 US dollars (USD) for 5-day @entity24766 and 8-day MTX-FA, respectively. Expected time toward treatment completion for @entity24766 was 12.6 days shorter than for MTX-FA. Expected costs toward remission for initial treatment with @entity24766 and MTX-FA were  1,078.04 and  1,064.56 USD, respectively, i.e., an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of  1.07 USD/day of earlier treatment completion. After sensitivity analysis, remission rate of lower than 72% would make initial treatment with MTX-FA more expensive than with @entity24766 . CONCLUSION: Treatment costs of low-risk @entity1469 are almost equal between the 2 treatment options with different time to remission. Initial treatment with MTX-FA is slightly less expensive, but there is longer time to remission. The ICER of initial treatment with @entity24766 over MTX-FA is  1.07 USD/day of earlier treatment completion.

title: Comparison of Cost-Effectiveness Between @entity4316 Versus @entity1499 - @entity4181 in the Treatment of Low-Risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia', 'GTN']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity9303 is a common @entity389 characterized by vertigo, @entity393 and @entity392 . Since @entity9303 is thought to be triggered by an immune insult to inner ear hydrops, we examined endolymphatic sac drainage with intra-endolymphatic sac application of large doses of @entity230 for intractable Meniere's @entity1 and observed long-term results from 2 years to over a decade until 13 years. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2009, we enrolled and assigned 286 intractable Meniere's @entity1 to two groups: group-I (G-I) included @entity1 who underwent endolymphatic sac drainage with @entity134 instillation and group-II (G-II) included those who declined endolymphatic sac drainage. Definitive spells and hearing improvement in these two groups were determined for 2-13 years after treatment. RESULTS: According to the established criteria, vertigo was completely controlled in 88% of @entity1 in G-I in the 2nd year, in 73% in the 12th year and in 70% in the 13th year. These results in G-I were significantly better than those in G-II for 13 years after treatment. Hearing was improved in 49% of @entity1 in G-I in the 2nd year, in 27% in the 12th year and in 25% in the 13th year. These results in G-I were significantly better than those in G-II for 12 years after treatment, but this was not significant in the 13th year. CONCLUSIONS: Endolymphatic sac drainage with intra-endolymphatic sac application of large doses of @entity230 could improve long-term follow-up results of hearing as well as vertigo control. This means that the drainage with local @entity230 could also improve @entity1 ' long-term quality in the prime of life.

title: Long-term results of endolymphatic sac drainage with local XXXX for intractable @entity9303 .

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: Meta-analytic studies have shown that mild @entity131 (MTBI) has relatively negligible effects on cognitive functioning at 90 or more days post-injury. Few studies have prospectively examined the effects of MTBI in acute physical @entity130 populations. This prospective, cohort study compared the cognitive performance of @entity1 who sustained a @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and a co-occurring MTBI (N = 53) to @entity1 who sustained an @entity1566 alone (N = 64) between 26 and 76 days (mean = 46) post-injury. The presence of MTBI was determined based on acute medical record review using a standardized algorithm. Primary outcome measures were seven neuropsychological tests that evaluated @entity227 , perceptual reasoning, and processing speed that controlled for @entity73 . @entity1 who sustained @entity1566 with or without MTBI had lower than expected performance across all neuropsychological tests, on average about 1 SD below the mean. Analysis of covariance indicated that @entity1 with MTBI did not evidence greater impairment on any neuropsychological test. The aggregated effect size (Cohen's d) was -0.16. The strongest predictors of neuropsychological test scores were education, race, history of @entity4207 , and days from injury to rehabilitation admission. MTBI did not predict performance on any neuropsychological test. These findings are consistent with other controlled studies that indicate a single MTBI has negligible long-term impacts on cognition.

title: The impact of mild @entity131 on cognitive functioning following co-occurring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual, verbal, and working memory']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['potential upper extremity impairment']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning problems']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity1269 on handwriting using a 3-dimensional movement analyzer. DESIGN: Comparative case study. SETTING: Ambulatory care clinic. @entity1 : Right-handed @entity1 (n=25; mean age +/- SD, 62.3+/-10y) with mild @entity1269 secondary to subcortical @entity64 , and age-matched (n=10; 65.6+/-13y) and age-unmatched (n=15; 32.4+/-10y) control subjects. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time required to write a Japanese character of 2 different sizes and average speed of handwriting at the @entity8907 tip. Average radii of tracks of the moving @entity8907 tip, metacarpal head of the index finger, and distal end of the forearm during writing. Correlation coefficients of the instantaneous speed-time graph of the @entity8907 tip with that of the index finger and with that of the distal forearm during writing. RESULTS: Time for writing with the hemiparetic right hand was longer than that with the unaffected left hand (P=.05 approximately .03), while it was shorter in healthy control subjects (P=.07 approximately .05). In contrast with the left-hand writing, the track radius of the @entity8907 tip of the right-hand writing in @entity1 with @entity1269 with normal joint position sense was significantly larger than that of the finger or distal forearm (P=.01). The finding was the same as in the young and elderly control subjects. This right-left difference disappeared in the @entity1 with @entity1269 with position sense impairment. The correlation coefficient of speed between the @entity8907 tip and the finger was larger in right-hand than left-hand writing in the control and sensory-normative @entity1 with @entity1269 even though the difference was significant only in the healthy elderly subjects (P=.03). Irrespective of the right or left hand use, the correlation coefficient between the @entity8907 tip and the finger or distal forearm significantly increased as the character size increased (P=.03 approximately 6 x10(-6)) in all subjects and @entity1 . However, this size-related difference was less significant in the @entity1 with @entity1109 . CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of handwriting movement by the dominant hand were preserved in @entity1 with mild dominant-hand @entity1269 when joint position sense was normative but were lost in those with position sense impairment.

title: Three-dimensional movement analysis of handwriting in subjects with mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis', 'right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sensory impairment']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']


abstract: @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) account for 6% of all @entity5 . Historically, @entity5513 have been treated with microsurgery (MS); however, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has emerged as a viable alternative. This review seeks to compare the @entity5 control rates, functional outcomes, and costs associated with these two modalities. A focused review of the published literature (1966-2012) was conducted comparing outcomes between MS and SRS in those with VS. Outcomes of interest included hearing preservation, @entity2103 , @entity5 control, and cost-effectiveness. Three level 2 studies, eight level 3 studies, and several level 4 studies were reviewed and assessed. Evidence from level 2 studies show that SRS (40-68%) results in higher rates of serviceable hearing compared to MS (0-5%), and higher rates of @entity2103 are likewise seen after SRS (98-100%) compared to MS (66-83%) in @entity1 with @entity5 <3 cm in size. Complications vary as expected by treatment modality, with CSF leak, @entity392 , and trigeminal symptoms being among the most common complications following MS. @entity1276 , @entity392 , and trigeminal symptoms were reported in a small percentage of @entity1 after SRS. @entity5 control is comparable between MS and SRS for @entity5 <3cm in size. Total costs for MS can reach over two times higher than for SRS, although long-term follow-up data is needed. SRS has been shown to be efficacious and have a lower morbidity in most @entity1 with @entity5 that are <3cm. SRS can be considered as the primary modality of choice for treatment of most VS that are <3cm.

title: Improving outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX : microsurgery versus radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VSs', 'Vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve preservation']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the performance of @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( @entity419 PET/CT) to detect occult @entity3 in @entity1 with clinically node-negative (cN0) @entity17539 , as there is little information on the use of @entity419 -PET/CT in @entity17539 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In 24 @entity1 , scheduled to undergo dynamic sentinel-node biopsy, hybrid PET/CT was used before surgery to assess the nodal status of the cN0-groins. Six of the 24 @entity1 were unilaterally cN0. Thus, 42 cN0-groins were evaluated for occult @entity3 using PET/CT. All scans were assessed by two experienced nuclear physicians. The @entity5 status of the removed sentinel node was used as the standard of care to evaluate the PET/CT-results. RESULTS: Histopathology was @entity5 -positive in five of the 42 (12%) evaluated cN0-groins, two of which contained only micrometastases (<2 mm). One of the five @entity5 -positive cN0-groins was correctly predicted on the PET/CT-images. All false-negative PET/CT scans contained @entity3 of <or=10 mm. Of the remaining 37 @entity5 -negative groins, 34 were correctly predicted with PET/CT (specificity 92%). CONCLUSION: The role of PET/CT in evaluating the groins of @entity1 with cN0 @entity5 appears to be limited, due to its low sensitivity. In this series, only one of the five @entity5 -positive groins was identified. Surgical staging methods remain necessary at present.

title: Prospective evaluation of hybrid @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography in staging clinically node-negative @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG', '18F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'penile cancer', 'histopathological tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinoma']

answer: @entity17539 :: (MESH:D010412,Disease) :: ['penile carcinoma']


abstract: @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ) is a serious complication of HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) and has historically been associated with high mortality. This obstruction to hepatic flow often results in fluid collections in the peritoneal and pleural cavities. Catheter placement to drain @entity843 or pleural fluid may reduce @entity8479 and/or improve respiratory parameters. The safety of these interventions among critically ill, immunocompromised @entity1 is unknown. Among 32 HSCT recipients (2000-2012) with severe @entity5501 , we assessed the primary outcome of procedural complication from peritoneal drain placement. Twenty-four (75%) @entity1 underwent peritoneal drain placement. No @entity1 sustained visceral perforation or @entity548 with drain placement. Overall mortality was 47% (n  =  15). The procedure was not associated with increased overall mortality (p  >  0.99). Eight (25%) peritoneal drains required replacement for malfunction. Of 24 @entity1 with peritoneal drains, one (4%) @entity1 had a positive culture from ascitic fluid. Eight (25%) @entity1 underwent pleural drain placement. No pleural drain-related procedural complication or @entity281 occurred. Four (50%) of the eight @entity1 with pleural drains had de-escalation in @entity26 requirement at drain removal, compared to time of placement. In this study, peritoneal and pleural drains were safe interventions for @entity1 with severe @entity5501 .

title: Safety of peritoneal and pleural drain placement in pediatric stem cell transplant recipients with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease', 'Hepatic VOD', 'VOD']

answer: @entity5501 :: (MESH:D006504,Disease) :: ['veno-occlusive disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the plasma treatment effects on deactivation effectiveness of oral bacteria. METHODS: A low temperature atmospheric @entity3503 plasma brush were used to study the oral bacterial deactivation effects in terms of plasma conditions, plasma exposure time, and bacterial supporting media. Oral bacteria of @entity6586 and @entity9206 with an initial bacterial population density between 1.0 10(8) and 5.0 10(8)cfu/ml were seeded on various media and their survivability with plasma exposure was examined. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphological changes of the plasma treated bacteria. Optical absorption was used to determine the leakage of intracellular proteins and DNAs of the plasma treated bacteria. RESULTS: The experimental data indicated that the @entity3503 atmospheric plasma brush was very effective in deactivating oral bacteria. The plasma exposure time for a 99.9999% cell reduction was less than 15s for @entity6586 and within 5 min for @entity9206 . It was found that the plasma deactivation efficiency was also dependent on the bacterial supporting media. With plasma exposure, significant damages to bacterial cell structures were observed with both bacterium species. Leakage of intracellular proteins and DNAs after plasma exposure was observed through monitoring the absorbance peaks at wavelengths of 280 nm and 260 nm, respectively. CONCLUSION: The experimental results from this study indicated that low temperature atmospheric plasma treatment was very effective in deactivation of oral bacteria and could be a promising technique in various dental clinical applications such as @entity2348 and caries early prevention.

title: Oral bacterial deactivation using a low-temperature atmospheric XXXX plasma brush.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial disinfection']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus', 'L. acidophilus']

answer: @entity3503 :: (MESH:D001128,Chemical) :: ['argon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is sometimes performed to treat @entity3528 (2HPT) related to long-term dialysis. In this procedure, all four @entity3243 should be resected. However, in @entity1 with 2HPT, the four glands are not uniformly enlarged; therefore, preoperative diagnosis is difficult in comparison with @entity459 . We compared glands detected on preoperative ultrasonography (US) with those resected during PTx to examine the usefulness and limitations of US. METHODS: The subjects were 44 @entity1 with 2HPT who underwent PTx between December 2003 and November 2007. Surgery was indicated for @entity1 meeting the following three conditions: a serum intact @entity461 (iPTH) level of 500 pg/ml or more; a maximum glandular volume of 500 mm3 or more; and increased bone metabolism. Before surgery, we detected the @entity3243 using US, and three-dimensionally measured their sizes. PTx was performed based on US diagnosis, and resected glands were weighed. RESULTS: Assuming that four @entity3243 are present in each @entity1 , the total number of glands in the 44 @entity1 was 176. Of the 176 glands, 139 were detected on preoperative US. However, 27 could not be resected. Therefore, the detection rate on US was 63.6% (112/176). Of 37 glands that could not be detected on preoperative US, 30 were detected during surgery, and resected. There was a positive correlation between the glandular volume measured on US and isolated gland weight. However, there was no correlation between the preoperative serum iPTH level and the sum of the four isolated gland weights. CONCLUSION: On preoperative US, approximately 80% of the glands were detected. However, the misdiagnosis rate was approximately 20%. The rate of accurate diagnosis was 63.6%. Even when glands were misdiagnosed or could not be confirmed on preoperative US, approximately 80% of them could be detected and resected during surgery. It may be impossible to estimate the glandular volume based on the preoperative serum iPTH level.

title: Ultrasonography for preoperative localization of enlarged @entity3243 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid glands']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) @entity468 show a loss of responsiveness to visual stimulation of the deprived eye among @entity227 . Several lines of evidence suggest that this effect involves, at least in part, a suppression of deprived eye input, possibly mediated by @entity1246 inhibition. In order to better understand the nature of this suppression we have evaluated the effectiveness of different types of disinhibitory and excitatory agents to reverse the effects of @entity1949 . We investigated @entity1027 (a @entity1246 antagonist); picrotoxin (a @entity1246 antagonist with a different mechanism of action from @entity1027 ); @entity1026 (a @entity2228 antagonist); @entity3104 ion (a blocker of membrane @entity2865 channels); @entity2607 (a cholinesterase inhibitor); and @entity1510 (an opiate antagonist and also a @entity1246 antagonist). All drugs were given intravenously. @entity1027 restored binocularity to 50% of the @entity227 tested and @entity1510 to 36%. With both drugs, receptive fields of the normal eye tended to lose specificity. The emergent deprived eye receptive fields were usually similar to those of the normal eye after drug administration. @entity3104 ion produced binocular responses in 27% of neurons tested, but receptive fields were grossly abnormal; moreover, @entity3104 infusion tended to depress neuronal responsiveness. All other drugs tested failed to restore binocularity. These experiments lend further credence to the hypothesis that @entity1246 inhibition contributes to the cortical effects of @entity1949 , since only drugs with @entity1246 antagonistic action were effective in restoring neuronal responsiveness to the deprived eye.

title: Comparative pharmacological effects on XXXX in monocularly deprived @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual cortical neurons']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Monocularly deprived', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline', 'Bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['Ammonium', 'ammonium']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual cortical neurons']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of aging on the pharmacokinetics of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) at steady-state and on the susceptibility of @entity2052 metabolism to enzyme induction by antiepileptic comedication. METHODS: The database of the therapeutic drug monitoring service of a large neurological hospital was searched to identify @entity1 aged > or = 65 years stabilized on @entity2052 therapy. Apparent @entity2052 oral clearance (CL/F) calculated for each elderly @entity1 was compared with that determined in an equal number of @entity2052 -treated controls aged 20-50 years and matched for gender, body weight and antiepileptic drug (AED) comedication. RESULTS: A total of 71 elderly @entity1 aged 70.0+/-4.4 years, including 20 receiving enzyme inducing AEDs, was included in the main evaluation. In the absence of enzyme inducing comedication, @entity2052 CL/F in the elderly was similar to that found in non-elderly controls (9.7+/-4.6 versus 10.2+/-4.6mlh(-1)kg(-1)). Elderly @entity1 on enzyme inducing comedication, on the other hand, had lower CL/F values than enzyme induced younger controls (11.7+/-5.4 versus 16.0+/-6.3mlh(-1)kg(-1), p<0.05). Since @entity2052 CL/F is known to increase with increasing dosage, a lower @entity2052 dosage in elderly @entity1 comedicated with enzyme inducers compared with controls may have contributed to differences in CL/F between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of enzyme inducing comedication, @entity2052 clearance in the elderly was comparable to that observed in controls. @entity2052 clearance in elderly @entity1 receiving enzyme inducing AEDs was lower than in controls, the difference being probably due to an influence of age as well as to the fact that mean @entity2052 dosage was lower in these @entity1 than in controls. Since our measurements of clearance were based on total serum @entity2052 concentrations and @entity2052 binding to plasma proteins is known to be reduced in old age, it is likely that the clearance of unbound, pharmacologically active, @entity2052 was decreased to an important extent in the elderly, presumably as a result of a decline in drug metabolizing capacity.

title: The influence of old age and enzyme inducing comedication on the pharmacokinetics of XXXX at steady-state: A case-matched evaluation based on therapeutic drug monitoring data.

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: A multicenter study was performed to assess the efficacy and the acceptability of @entity7486 in @entity101 @entity1 previously untreated, or treated and unsatisfactorily controlled with either @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor or beta-blocking therapy. Four centers participated in the study, which included @entity1 whose supine diastolic blood pressure was between 95 and 115 mmHg with no treatment (group I, n = 40), those taking @entity3371 (group II, n = 40) or those taking @entity1169 (group III, n = 40). After a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in period, @entity1 received @entity7486 either alone (group I) or in combination with the previous therapy (groups II and III) for 4 months. Blood pressure, heart rate, weight, and clinical and biochemical acceptability were measured before and after 2 and 4 months of treatment. At the same time points, quality of life was determined using standardized questionnaires completed by the @entity1 (20 items) and the physician (10 items) and a visual analog scale completed by the @entity1 . In all groups, administration of @entity7486 induced a clinically and statistically significant @entity551 in the supine position after 2 months. @entity7486 alone controlled blood pressure in 82% of the @entity1 previously untreated, and @entity7486 in combined therapy controlled blood pressure, respectively, in 67 and 85% of @entity1 previously uncontrolled with @entity1289 inhibitors or beta blockers. In all groups, questionnaires on quality of life showed a progressive and significant improvement in general well-being. After 4 months of treatment, the percentage of improvement in the physician questionnaire was 77.1% in group I, 60.6% in group II and 71.4% in group III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Clinical efficacy and quality of life with XXXX alone or in combination with beta blockers or @entity1289 inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide', 'Indapamide']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity7486 :: (MESH:D007190,Chemical) :: ['indapamide']


abstract: Localized @entity2967 is a rare complication in @entity29 defined as a pseudopolyp (isolated or clustered) larger than 1.5 cm in size. Giant pseudopolyps are more commonly found in @entity31 compared to @entity30 and mainly involve the left colon. A 26-year-old male @entity1 with a two-year history of @entity30 was admitted with increasing @entity490 , @entity391 , @entity448 , @entity353 and @entity221 . On physical examination, the abdomen was diffusely tender. Computed tomography showed diffuse irregular thickening of the ileal wall and stenosis of the terminal ileum. The @entity1 underwent ileo-cecal resection with re- @entity254 . The ileal portion of the resected specimen harboured multiple finger-like pedunculated @entity1127 , with the smallest measuring 0.5 cm and the largest measuring 1.8 cm. Histologically, the @entity1127 were consistent with granulation tissue. No evidence of @entity1141 or @entity5 was found. The post-operative course was uneventful considering one month follow-up. This report illustrates an unusual case of @entity2967 involving the ileum in a @entity1 with @entity30 . The natural history of these lesions, as well as their optimal management, remain uncertain.

title: Localized ileal giant pseudopolyposis in XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant pseudopolyposis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Background. Intraabdominal lesions such as @entity2913 are uncommon disorders. Most are discovered incidentally during routine abdominal examinations. Methods. We report a @entity1 with a mesenteric cyst masquerading as @entity17289 and @entity843 . Conclusion. @entity2913 generally do not show typical clinical findings. They may also present with peritoneal @entity378 findings such as low albumin gradient @entity843 with high ascitic @entity859 deaminase levels. Surgery is used to remove a wide variety of @entity2913 . A correct diagnosis can be made by the combined use of radiographic and sonographic examinations in conjunction with the clinical signs.

title: Large mesenteric cyst mimicking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2913 :: ('MESH:D008639', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric cysts', 'Mesenteric cysts']

entities_list: @entity17289 :: ('MESH:D014395', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['tuberculous ascites']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is one of the most common @entity102 worldwide. In high-income countries, low socioeconomic status seems to be related to a high incidence of @entity6 , but very little is known about the intermediate factors of this relationship. Method We performed a case-cohort study in eight Western European countries nested in the EPIC study (n = 340, 234, 3.99 million @entity1 -years of follow-up). A random sub-cohort of 16,835 individuals and a total of 12,403 incident cases of @entity6 were identified. Crude and multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated for each country and pooled across countries using meta-analytical methods. Age-, gender- and country-specific relative indices of inequality (RII) were used as the measure of educational level and RII tertiles were analysed. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 with a high educational level (RII tertile 1), @entity1 with a low educational level (RII tertile 3) had a higher risk of @entity6 [HR: 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69-1.85; P-trend < 0.01]. The HRs adjusted for physical activity, smoking status and propensity score according to macronutrient intake were very similar to the crude HR (adjusted @entity19799 , 95% CI: 1.52-1.83 in @entity1 ; HR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.73-2.05 in @entity1 ). The HRs were attenuated only when they were further adjusted for BMI (BMI-adjusted HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.23-1.51 in @entity1 ; HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.20-1.45 in @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the inequalities in the risk of @entity6 in Western European countries, with an inverse relationship between educational level and risk of @entity6 that is only partially explained by variations in BMI.

title: Lower educational level is a predictor of incident type 2 XXXX in European countries: the EPIC-InterAct study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Cytochrome P450s play an important role in the biotransformation of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics; however, little is known about the function of the CYP4T subfamily in the transformation of environmental pollutants in fish. We isolated a full-length cDNA sequence (designated as CYP4T11) from rare minnow ( @entity19756 ) liver by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The open reading frame encoded a 467-residue protein that exhibited 87% and 71% identity with @entity3392 @entity28346 and European sea bass CYP4T2, respectively. CYP4T11 was predominantly expressed in liver and intestine with lower expression in the gill and brain. To further examine the function of CYP4T11 in pollutant metabolism, the effects of @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ) exposure on the transcriptional expression of CYP4T11 and two possible upstream regulators, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), were determined in rare minnow gills and livers. @entity2207 induced a consistent significant upregulation of both PPARalpha and PPARgamma and a nonsignificant increase of CYP4T11 in the gill. In the liver, induced expression of PPARgamma was observed, although no obvious changes in PPARalpha expression were observed. Induction of CYP4T11 was only observed in males at the highest concentration of @entity2207 . These results suggest that the PPAR-CYP4T11 signaling pathway may be involved in @entity2207 -induced gill @entity137 . Since the induced expression of CYP4T11 in liver was not consistent with the PPAR regulators, complex tissue-specific transcriptional regulation of CYP4T11 following @entity2207 exposure likely occurs.

title: Expression of a novel cytochrome P450 4T gene in rare minnow ( XXXX ) following @entity2206 exposure.

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity19756 :: ('143606', 'Species') :: ['Gobiocypris rarus']

answer: @entity19756 :: (143606,Species) :: ['Gobiocypris rarus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Topical @entity2116 is a @entity3875 analogue which influences keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Its efficacy in cutaneous lichen planus has not been well evaluated. METHODS: This is a randomized open-label trial comparing the effectiveness of @entity2116 50 microg/g versus @entity5935 0.1% ointments twice daily for 12 weeks in @entity1 with cutaneous lichen planus, with respect to thickness, pigmentation, clearance and @entity111 . @entity1 self-assessment was made at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post randomization using visual analogue scales (VAS). Clinical assessment was made at week 12 and adverse events noted. Clinical response was defined as 75% or more for lesion flattening and absent or minimal pigmentation, and 50% or more for clearance. RESULTS: A total of 31 @entity1 were randomized: 15 to @entity2116 and 16 to @entity5935 . Clinically assessed lesion flattening occurred in approximately half the @entity1 . With @entity2116 , there were two responses for pigmentation and one for clearance but none with @entity5935 . @entity1 VAS indicated a gradual improvement in all measures but with little difference between the treatments. The largest difference indicated a 12-point disadvantage to @entity2116 for thickness but this was not statistically significant (p=0.09). Side effects reported were @entity5105 (one @entity1 ) and increased @entity111 (two @entity1 ), all with @entity2116 . CONCLUSION: @entity2116 appears no more effective than @entity5935 . The course of the disease appears to be affected in the same way by both treatments.

title: A randomized controlled trial to compare XXXX with betamethasone valerate for the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriol', 'Calcipotriol']

answer: @entity2116 :: (MESH:C055085,Chemical) :: ['calcipotriol']


abstract: A model to simulate effects of microgravity on skeletal muscle mass and function in @entity1 has been developed. Unilateral lower limb unloading that allowed ankle, knee, and @entity2720 was conducted in six healthy @entity1 by suspending one lower limb and having the subjects walk on crutches. They performed maximal unilateral concentric or eccentric quadriceps actions at different angular velocities before and after 4 wk of suspension and after 4 days and after 7 wk of uncontrolled recovery. Peak torque (PT) and angle-specific torque (AST) were measured. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) of the thigh were assessed by means of computerized tomography. Concentric and eccentric PT and AST across speeds decreased (P less than 0.05) by 22 and 16%, respectively, in response to unloading. At 4 days of recovery PT (-11%) and AST (-7%) were still lower (P less than 0.05) than before. Muscle CSA and @entity2101 decreased (P less than 0.05) by 7 and 6%, respectively. After 7 wk of recovery PT, AST, CSA, and @entity2101 had returned to normal. The control limb showed no changes over the experimental period except for a 6% decrease (P less than 0.05) in @entity2101 . It is suggested that this @entity1 model of unloading could serve to simulate effects of microgravity on skeletal muscle mass and function because reductions in muscle mass and strength were of similar magnitude to those produced by bed rest.

title: Effects of lower limb unloading on skeletal muscle mass and function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['radiological density', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hip joint mobility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The only curative treatment for many @entity1 with @entity1200 is hematopoietic stem cell transplant. In this study, we report the transplant outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1200 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Herein, we present the transplant outcomes of 20 @entity1 with @entity1200 seen at our center in Kayseri, @entity233 , from 2010 to 2015. RESULTS: The disease distribution of the 20 @entity1 were as follows: 6 @entity1 with severe combined @entity465 , 4 @entity1 with @entity9058 , 2 @entity1 with @entity1117 , 2 @entity1 with type 2 Griscelli syndrome, 2 @entity1 with @entity1892 plus @entity2131 , 1 @entity1 with severe @entity9957 , 1 @entity1 with @entity1071 , 1 @entity1 with @entity784 plus relapsed @entity1893 , and 1 @entity1 with type 1 @entity11087 . Of the 20 @entity1 , 11 received related HLA-matched, 6 received haploidentical, 2 received unrelated HLA-matched, and 1 received HLA-mismatched transplant. The median age at transplant was 21 months, and median follow-up was 5 months. Overall survival rate was 65%. Mean engraftment times for neutrophils and platelets were 14.25    3.08 and 24.7    11.4 days. @entity2132 was observed in 30% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1200 treated at our center had acceptable transplant outcomes. This study supports the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplant in @entity1 with @entity1200 .

title: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for XXXX : A Single-Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell deficiency']

entities_list: @entity9957 :: ('MESH:C537592', 'Disease') :: ['congenital neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency disease', 'primary immunodeficiency diseases']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell deficiency']

entities_list: @entity11087 :: ('MESH:D018370', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte adhesion deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['chronic granulomatous disease']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases']


abstract: Noninvasive methods for the early detection of @entity5 onset and progression in rodent liver would be of high value for pharmaceutical and chemical industry and would, at the same time, foster one of the 3 Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement) by reducing the number of animals in the bioassay. We have induced @entity96 in @entity19 by single injection of @entity107 ( @entity108 ) either in 2-week- (experiment 1) or 6-week-old (experiment 2) male C3H @entity19 . In the latter, @entity19 were also chronically treated with 0.05% @entity109 in diet according to an initiation/promotion protocol. Starting at 16 weeks after @entity108 injection (18 weeks after @entity108 in experiment 2), @entity19 were routinely scanned by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a T2-weighted 3D sequence in regular intervals. @entity96 became detectable in both experiments when they exceeded a diameter of    1 mm. Exponential increases in total @entity5 volume per liver were observed in both experiments. The onset of @entity5 development was similar with respect to @entity108 treatment. Although @entity19 in experiment 1 had developed a mean total @entity5 volume of    100 mm   approximately 24 weeks after @entity108 , it took    4 weeks longer to reach this @entity5 mass in experiment 2. Determination of time-dependent growth of individual @entity5 demonstrated strong @entity5 heterogeneity. In vivo MRI data were further correlated with @entity5 histology. The phenotype of @entity5 differed strongly between the two experiments, but our results demonstrate that @entity5 can be reliably detected by MRI when they exceed a certain size independent of their phenotype.

title: Quantitative analysis of the growth kinetics of chemically induced @entity19 XXXX by magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver tumors', 'liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']