abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of margin status on disease-free survival, overall survival, and organ preservation in early glottic @entity5 treated by endoscopic laser surgery. DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : A total of 274 @entity1 with untreated (possibly biopsied) cTis, @entity12189 , @entity18246 , cN0 glottic @entity5 ; adequate exposure of the glottic region; no contraindications to general anesthesia; and the ability to give informed consent. INTERVENTIONS: European Laryngological Society laser cordectomy. @entity1 with negative margins (>1 mm) were followed, @entity1 with close margins (< or =1 mm) or 1 positive margin ( @entity5 on margin) had another operation, and @entity1 with more than 1 positive margin had postoperative radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 58 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eight-year disease-free survival, 5-year overall survival, and organ preservation rate. RESULTS: Margins were negative in 180 @entity1 , close in 40, and positive in 54. A second laser resection was performed in 36 of 94 @entity1 with close or positive margins. Radiotherapy was administered to 36 @entity1 . @entity1 with close or positive margins who did not undergo further treatment had a greater recurrence risk (hazard ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-6.59, P = .06) than did those with negative margins, mainly owing to relapses in 5 of the 8 protocol breakers with positive margins not treated further. Eight-year relapse-free survival was 88.2%, 5-year overall survival was 90.9%, and the larynx was preserved in 97.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Laser removal of early glottic @entity5 is oncologically adequate with margins greater than 1 mm from the @entity5 edge. Positive margins require further treatment; close margins may require further treatment depending on @entity5 characteristics.

title: Laser surgery for early glottic XXXX : impact of margin status on local control and organ preservation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity63 preconditioning ( @entity5524 ) and limb remote @entity63 postconditioning (LRIPOC) have been shown to possess significantly different cardioprotective effects against the @entity741 reperfusion injury (IRI), but no study has compared the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity5524 and LRIPOC during @entity741 process. We hypothesized that @entity5524 and LRIPOC would produce different anti-inflammatory effects in an in vivo @entity35 model with @entity741 . METHODS: Eighty @entity35 were randomly allocated into four equal groups: sham group, IRI group, @entity5524 group and LRIPOC group. In 10 @entity35 randomly selected from each group, serum levels of @entity1505 , @entity22520 , @entity1590 , IL-1, @entity568 and @entity13358 were assessed, and @entity1188 size was determined. In another 10 @entity35 of each group, myocardial levels of @entity1505 , @entity22520 , @entity1590 , IL-1, @entity568 and @entity13358 in both @entity63 and non- @entity63 regions were measured. RESULTS: The @entity1188 size was significantly lower in @entity5524 and LRIPOC groups than in IRI group. The serum and myocardial levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including @entity1505 , @entity22520 , @entity1590 , IL-1 and @entity568 during reperfusion were significantly reduced in @entity5524 and LRIPOC groups compared to IRI group. As compared to the @entity5524 group, @entity1188 size, serum level of @entity1505 at 60 minutes of reperfusion, serum levels of @entity22520 and @entity1590 at 120 minutes of reperfusion, myocardial levels of @entity1505 , @entity1590 , IL-1 and @entity568 in the @entity63 region, myocardial levels of @entity1590 , IL-1 and @entity568 in the non- @entity63 region were significantly increased in the LRIPOC group. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity35 with @entity741 , @entity5524 produces more powerful inhibitory effects on local myocardial and systemic inflammatory responses than LRIPOC. This may be partly attributed to more potent cardioprotection produced by @entity5524 .

title: Ischemic preconditioning produces more powerful anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects than limb remote XXXX postconditioning in @entity35 with @entity741 -reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial IRI', 'myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ) and multiple system (MSA) @entity194 are associated with progressive @entity1010 . Serial MRI can be applied in order to measure this change in brain volume and to calculate @entity194 rates. We evaluated MRI derived whole brain and regional @entity194 rates as potential markers of progression in @entity7463 and the @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ). 17 @entity1 with @entity7463 , 9 with @entity9576 and 18 healthy controls underwent two MRI brain scans. MRI scans were registered, and brain and regional @entity194 rates (midbrain, pons, cerebellum, third and lateral ventricles) measured. Sample sizes required to detect the effect of a proposed disease-modifying treatment were estimated. The effect of scan interval on the variance of the @entity194 rates and sample size was assessed. Based on the calculated yearly rates of @entity194 , for a drug effect equivalent to a 30% reduction in @entity194 , fewer @entity7463 subjects are required in each treatment arm when using midbrain rather than whole @entity1010 rates (183 cf. 499). Fewer @entity9576 subjects are required, using pontine/cerebellar, rather than whole @entity1010 rates (164/129 cf. 794). A reduction in the variance of measured @entity194 rates was observed with a longer scan interval. Regional rather than whole @entity1010 rates calculated from volumetric serial MRI brain scans in @entity7463 and @entity9576 provide a more practical and powerful means of monitoring disease progression in clinical trials.

title: MRI derived @entity1010 in @entity7463 and XXXX . Determining sample size to detect treatment effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['MSA-P', 'Parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive supranuclear palsy', 'PSP']

answer: @entity9576 :: (MESH:D019578,Disease) :: ['MSA-P']


abstract: The effects of a well-spaced @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) mass drug application in areas highly endemic for @entity10065 in Papua New Guinea are not known. In 1986 a semi-annual single-dose 6 mg/kg body weight administration of @entity6567 was initiated in the Ok Tedi area of Western Province, Papua New Guinea. The rate of @entity6565 in the area was 39%. Within two years the rate of detectable microfilaraemia was reduced from 31% to 11% in the treated group. The mean blood density of the parasite was reduced from 79 to 19 microfilariae per 20 microliters. A survey of untreated villages in the immediate area (not surveyed before 1988) showed a @entity6565 rate of 39%. A 14-fold difference in the total microfilaraemia count was noted between the two groups when 1988 data were compared. A reduction in the annual rate of @entity6565 may be monitored through a well-established passive case detection program for @entity311 . The @entity6567 treatment program was well accepted despite side-effects encountered in 20% of the treated population early on in the program. The success of the 2-year Phase 1 program has expanded into an annual single-dose administration of @entity6567 over a larger area.

title: XXXX in the control of @entity6565 in the highly endemic Ok Tedi area of Papua New Guinea: phase 1.

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['bancroftian filariasis', 'filariasis']

entities_list: @entity10065 :: ('6293', 'Species') :: ['Wuchereria bancrofti']

answer: @entity6566 :: (MESH:D004049,Chemical) :: ['Diethylcarbamazine']


abstract: Age is an important factor influencing outcome after severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). In general, the older the victim, the higher the probability of a poor outcome. To investigate the mechanism underlying the link between age and outcome, the data for 797 @entity1 enrolled in the Japan Neurotrauma Data Bank (JNTDB), aged 6 years or older, with Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) scores of 8 or less on admission or deterioration to that level within 48 h of impact were analyzed. Thirty-eight percent of the @entity1 were between the ages of 40 and 69 years, and 24% of the @entity1 were older than 69 years. Older @entity1 had higher rates of mortality and lower rates of favorable outcome. The frequency of mass lesions which were associated with poorer outcomes significantly increased with age, but regardless of the intracranial lesion type, older @entity1 had poorer outcomes. The GCS score and the occurrence of systemic complications did not differ significantly according to age. @entity1230 was less frequent in older @entity1 . The varied occurrence of intracranial lesion types according to age is likely caused by the disparity between the young and aged brain in the progression of secondary @entity1545 . Alteration in the pathophysiological response, which is related to the development of secondary @entity1545 in the aging brain, probably contributes to more severe and irreversible @entity75 in older @entity1 , and is thus associated with poor outcomes.

title: Age-associated increases in poor outcomes after XXXX : a report from the Japan Neurotrauma Data Bank.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple systemic injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversial findings of former clinical trials on the effect of low dose @entity701 in @entity1 with @entity326 led to investigate the effect of @entity288 on the production of cytokines from endotoxin ( @entity558 )-stimulated whole blood. METHODS: Whole blood from 33 septic @entity1 was sampled within 24h alter diagnosis. @entity701 was not administered during follow-up. Whole blood was stimulated with 30 ng/ml of @entity558 in the presence of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 microM of @entity619 . Concentrations of cytokines and of sTREM-1 were estimated in supernatants after six hours of incubation. RESULTS: @entity619 inhibited @entity558 -stimulated release of TauNuFalpha, of @entity650 , of @entity687 and of @entity688 in dose-dependent manner. A dual effect on the kinetics of release of @entity1356 and of sTREM-1 was shown. Release of @entity1356 was either decreased, what was connected with unfavorable outcome, or it was unaffected what was connected with a favorable outcome. Release of sTREM-1 was either increased, what was connected with unfavorable outcome, or it was decreased what was connected with a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Part of the beneficiary effect of corticosteroids in @entity295 may be due to an effect on the release of @entity1356 and of sTREM-1. This effect does not seem to be homogeneous for all septic @entity1 .

title: Ex-vivo effect of XXXX on cytokine production from whole blood of septic @entity1 : correlation with disease severity.

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'Hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 is a major challenge to public health as it is frequently associated with @entity944 due to the silent nature of the condition. By the time of diagnosis, some @entity1 would have developed @entity16 ( @entity16 ) and @entity922 ( @entity922 ) due to low levels of detection, treatment and control. @entity16 and @entity922 are easy to evaluate in a primary healthcare (PHC) setting and offer valuable information for stratifying cardiovascular risks in the @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and correlates of @entity16 and established @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity101 Nigerian adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2 000 healthy Yoruba adults between 18 and 64 years who lived in a rural community in south-western Nigeria. @entity1 diagnosed to have @entity101 were examined for @entity16 and @entity922 by the presence of electrocardiographically determined @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ), microalbuminuria or @entity644 , @entity989 , or history of @entity583 and @entity64 . RESULTS: A total of 415 @entity101 @entity1 were examined and of these, 179 (43.1%) had evidence of @entity16 and 45 (10.8%) had established @entity65 . @entity16 was associated with significantly higher systolic ( @entity13519 ) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The prevalence of @entity4346 was 27.9%, @entity955 16.4%, microalbuminuria 12.3%, @entity644 15.2%, @entity101 @entity989 2.2%, @entity64 6.3%, @entity712 ( @entity712 ) 4.6%, @entity299 1.7%, and @entity1095 3.6%. Compared with those with normal blood pressure (BP), the multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of developing @entity16 was 3.61 (0.59-8.73) for those with newly diagnosed @entity101 ; 4.76 (1.30-13.06) for those with BP >=  180/110 mmHg; and 1.85 (0.74-8.59) for those with @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new data on @entity16 and its correlates in a nationally representative sample of @entity101 adults in Nigeria. In this low-resource setting, attempts should be made to detect @entity101 @entity1 early within the community and manage them appropriately before irreversible organ damage and complications set in. The methods used in this study are simple and adaptable at the primary healthcare level for planning prevention and intervention programmes.

title: Target-organ damage and XXXX in @entity101 Nigerian Yoruba adults: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'patient', 'participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['TOD', 'target-organ damage']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['associated clinical conditions', 'ACC']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular complications']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic ankle instability (CAI) on @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) before and after @entity1295 . Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to CAI is essential for the development of effective rehabilitation programmes. It was hypothesized that @entity1 with CAI will demonstrate prolonged @entity1054 times compared to healthy subjects and that @entity1295 will cause greater increases in @entity1054 times in the CAI group. METHODS: Twenty-one male volunteers participated in the study providing data on 16 ankles with CAI and 26 with no history of @entity3681 . @entity1054 was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. Measurements were taken with the ankle in neutral (0  ) and at 30   of inversion. All subjects followed an isokinetic @entity1295 protocol until eversion torque fell below 50  % of initial torque for three consecutive repetitions. A 2  *  2  *  2 ANOVA was used to calculate the effect of ankle status (CAI vs. healthy), @entity1295 , angle (0   vs. 30  ) and their interactions on @entity1054 . RESULTS: Fatigue caused a significant increase on @entity1054 [non-fatigued: 122(29)ms vs. @entity1295 155(54)ms; p  <  0.001]. @entity1054 times were shorter at 30   of inversion compared to neutral [neutral: 145(39)ms vs. 30   of inversion: 132(40)ms, p  =  0.015]. An interaction effect for ankle status and angle was found (p  =  0.026) with CAI ankles demonstrating longer @entity1054 [CAI: 156(45)ms vs. healthy: 133(40)ms] in neutral but not at 30   of inversion [CAI: 133(46)ms vs. 132(33)ms]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with CAI had longer @entity1054 times in neutral, but not when the ankle was placed in inversion. This suggests that rehabilitation programmes may be more effective when retraining occurs with the ankle in neutral position. It is likely that low @entity1054 times prevent ankle acceleration at the beginning of the mechanism of injury, but they are less important when the ankle has already inverted at 30  . Both CAI and healthy subjects demonstrated longer @entity1054 after @entity1295 , emphasizing the importance of proper conditioning in the prevention of delayed peroneal response and subsequent @entity3681 . Improving resistance to @entity1295 of the peroneals may prove to be an effective prevention tool of @entity3681 recurrence in @entity1 with CAI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Peroneal electromechanical delay and @entity1295 in XXXX with chronic ankle instability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle injury', 'ankle sprain']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['electromechanical delay times', 'EMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1486 (PSA) screening and concomitant treatment can be implemented in several ways. The authors investigated how the net benefit of PSA screening varies between common practice versus "good practice." METHODS: Microsimulation screening analysis (MISCAN) was used to evaluate the effect on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) if 4 recommendations were followed: limited screening in older @entity1 , selective biopsy in @entity1 with elevated PSA, active surveillance for @entity5 , and treatment preferentially delivered at high-volume centers. Outcomes were compared with a base model in which annual screening started at ages 55 to 69 years and were simulated using data from the European Randomized Study of Screening for @entity263 . RESULTS: In terms of QALYs gained compared with no screening, for 1000 screened @entity1 who were followed over their lifetime, recommended good practice led to 73 life-years (LYs) and 74 QALYs gained compared with 73 LYs and 56 QALYs for the base model. In contrast, common practice led to 78 LYs gained but only 19 QALYs gained, for a greater than 75% relative reduction in QALYs gained from unadjusted LYs gained. The poor outcomes for common practice were influenced predominantly by the use of aggressive treatment for @entity1 with low-risk disease, and PSA testing in older @entity1 also strongly reduced potential QALY gains. CONCLUSIONS: Commonly used PSA screening and treatment practices are associated with little net benefit. Following a few straightforward clinical recommendations, particularly greater use of active surveillance for low-risk disease and reducing screening in older @entity1 , would lead to an almost 4-fold increase in the net benefit of @entity263 screening. @entity5 2016.    2016 American @entity5 Society.

title: Estimating the harms and benefits of XXXX screening as used in common practice versus recommended good practice: A microsimulation screening analysis.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A cohort study was carried out on 112 breeding @entity1707 farms in England to investigate the impact of type of farrowing accommodation on preweaning mortality in piglets. Four types of farrowing accommodation were studied; farrowing crates, indoor loose pens, crate/loose systems (where the sow was restrained in a crate during birth and the first days of lactation before being moved to a loose pen) and outdoor farrowing in arcs in paddocks. Four estimates of preweaning mortality were collected: an oral estimate from the farmer before the visit, an estimate from the 6-month rolling average from computer records, records from 20 litters observed when the farm was visited and prospective records collected from 20 farrowings after the visit. These four estimates were significantly correlated. The prospective records also included a farmer reported date and cause of @entity204 . From the prospective data there were 25,031 piglets from 2143 litters from 112 farms, 6.5% of piglets were stillborn while live born preweaning mortality was 12%. Mixed effect discrete time survival, binomial and competing risk, models were used to investigate the association between preweaning mortality and farrowing accommodation, controlling for sow parity, litter size and number of piglets stillborn and fostered. There was a reduced risk of stillbirths in outdoor farrowing systems compared with crated systems. Farmers reported that crushing of healthy piglets was the most frequent cause of @entity204 accounting for 55% of live born preweaning mortality. There was no significant difference in mortality in live born piglets by farrowing system. There was a significantly higher risk of farmer reported crushing of healthy live born piglets in outdoor arcs compared with piglets reared with sows in farrowing crates and a significantly reduced risk of @entity204 from causes other than crushing in piglets reared outdoors or in crate/loose systems compared with piglets reared in crated systems. We conclude that, in the farms in this study, farrowing crates reduced the risk of preweaning live born mortality attributable to crushing but piglets in this system were at increased risk of @entity204 from other causes. Consequently crates had no significant effect on overall preweaning mortality percentage. In all four commercial production systems; outdoor, farrowing crates, crate/loose farrowing systems and indoor loose housed systems, there were similar levels of mortality.

title: A cohort study of preweaning piglet mortality and farrowing accommodation on 112 commercial XXXX farms in England.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Pulsed tunable dye laser (577 nm) (PTDL) therapy induces @entity3459 and tissue @entity39 , which is mainly limited to blood vessels. To define whether this treatment activates complement in normal skin and @entity2695 , we analyzed complement deposition in blood vessels by immunofluorescence. C3 fragments, C8, and C9 were detected with specific polyclonal antibodies. The @entity465 (MAC) was demonstrated with a monoclonal antibody which reacts only with a neoantigen of MAC. Amplification of C3 deposition by the alternative pathway was determined on cryostat sections by indirect immunofluorescence with use of C4 deficient guinea pig (GP) serum. Normal skin and @entity2695 from three individuals were studied. In PTLD-irradiated normal skin, the main findings were as follows: 1) C3 fragments, C8, C9, and MAC were deposited in vessel walls; 2) these deposits were not due to denaturation of the proteins since they became apparent only 7 min after irradiation, contrary to immediate deposition of @entity69 at the sites of erythrocyte coagulates; 3) the C3 deposits were shown to amplify complement activation by the alternative pathway, a reaction which was specific since tissue @entity39 itself did not lead to such amplification; 4) these reactions preceded the local accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Tissue @entity39 was more pronounced in the @entity2695 . The larger angiomatous vessels in the center of the @entity39 did not fix complement significantly. By contrast, complement deposition in the vessels situated at the periphery was similar to that observed in normal skin with one exception: C8, C9, and MAC were detected in some blood vessels immediately after laser treatment, a finding consistent with assembly of the MAC occurring directly without the formation of a C5 convertase. These results indicate that complement is activated in PTDL-induced vascular @entity39 , and might be responsible for the ensuing inflammatory response.

title: Complement activation by pulsed tunable dye laser in normal skin and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['senile hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobin coagulation']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['membrane attack complex of complement']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The primary @entity1313 are the second most common cause of @entity204 due to @entity5 in @entity1 . This study was done to analyze the histological spectrum of primary @entity1313 in @entity1 and also to find out the expression of @entity876 and Ki67 in some of the common pediatric @entity1313 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was done over a period of 2.5 years. The @entity1 were followed up until 6 months to determine the outcome. We examined H and E sections from 61 pediatric @entity1313 and also performed immunohistochemical stains with @entity876 and Ki67 on 52 of these samples. RESULTS: Of the 61 cases of pediatric @entity1313 the commonest were @entity816 and @entity2946 both constituting 22.9% of total cases, followed by high grade @entity11 , that is, anaplastic @entity816 and @entity463 taken together (14.7%), @entity816 (11.4%), @entity424 (8.1%), and @entity3271 (4.9%). Other cases comprised @entity976 , @entity10053 , and @entity6010 . The mean age of presentation was 9.3 years, male @entity1 being more commonly affected. Ki67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) and @entity876 expression in @entity816 and @entity816 were significantly lower than that of high-grade @entity816 . However, there was no significant difference of expression of these two antigens in @entity816 and @entity816 . It was found that Ki67 @entity894 was a better marker for distinguishing between grades of @entity816 than @entity876 (P=0.000 and P=0.002, respectively). The survival in cases of @entity816 was far better than high-grade @entity11 . However, there was no significant difference in survival between pilocytic @entity816 and diffuse infiltrating @entity816 . There was significant positive correlation between expression of @entity876 and Ki67 @entity894 in cases of @entity2946 . Both @entity876 (P=0.002) and Ki67 @entity894 (P=0.000) taken individually correlated well with survival in these cases. Also, Ki67 @entity894 is better predictor of outcome than @entity876 . CONCLUSION: From this study, it can be concluded that Ki67 and @entity876 score correlated well with the grade of @entity816 ; however, Ki67 is a better marker for differentiating between the grades of @entity816 than @entity876 . Also, Ki67 @entity894 is a better prognostic factor than @entity876 in case of @entity2946 .

title: A study of histopathological spectrum and expression of Ki-67, XXXX in primary @entity1313 of pediatric age group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['gangliocytoma']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytomas', 'diffuse astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['astroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['TP53']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to analyze changes in the frequency of different categories of surgical procedures after initiation of chronic hemodialysis (HD) and to identify the types of procedures associated with in-hospital postoperative mortality. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of surgical procedures performed in an incident HD population of 392 @entity1 followed in the dialysis unit of one hospital over 15 years. Among these @entity1 , 384 were @entity1 and 258 had @entity6 . At the start of HD, age of the @entity1 was 66.3    11.2 years and Charlson index 5.35    2.41. Rates of procedures per @entity1 year (n/[pt-yr]), reported as mean (95% Confidence Interval [CI]), were compared by nonparametric methods. RESULTS: In the whole HD population, the overall rate of procedures increased in the HD period (pre-HD 0.125 [95% CI 0.101-0.149] n/[pt-yr]; HD 0.928 [95% CI 0.795-1.061] n/[pt-yr]; p<0.001). The increase, noted in @entity1 with and without @entity6 , reflected increases in the rates for both vascular access and @entity455 procedures from the pre-HD to the HD period. Amputations and surgery for @entity173 accounted for the increase in the rates of procedures related to @entity455 . Procedures associated with mortality in the HD period included amputations, hip repair and abdominal surgery for septic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of surgical procedures for vascular access, amputations, and @entity173 ?increased after the start of HD. Amputations and @entity173 , both potentially preventable, are associated with mortality in HD @entity1 .

title: Surgical procedures before and after starting chronic hemodialysis in a predominantly male population with high prevalence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['non-vascular access']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New drug evaluations in @entity1 with mild @entity565 are sometimes complicated by enrollment of @entity1 whose disease is too mild to show improvement with therapy. A peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability criterion may help to more clearly define a mild @entity748 population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity22398 (20 mg twice daily) and cromolyn @entity1372 (1600 microg four times daily) compared with placebo as first-line therapy for mild @entity565 using a retrospective analysis, which stratified @entity1 by PEF variability (<10% or > or =10%). STUDY DESIGN: Symptomatic @entity1 ( @entity25 score > or =8) were randomized to 13 weeks of treatment in a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (n = 287) were nonsmokers (age > or =12 years) with reversible @entity1030 , a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of > or = 55% of predicted, and previous treatment with @entity2263 -agonist or @entity2544 only. Assessments included changes from baseline to endpoint in daytime and @entity1109 , @entity2263 -agonist use, PEF, and FEV1. Response to treatment was assessed by predetermined diary card and FEV1 criteria. Safety was determined from adverse events and laboratory test results. RESULTS: No significant treatment effects were seen across efficacy measures for @entity1 with PEF variability < 10%. For @entity1 with PEF variability > or = 10%, both active treatments significantly (P < .05) decreased the @entity25 score, nighttime awakenings, and @entity2263 -agonist use, and increased morning PEF and FEV1 compared with placebo. Response to diary card criteria was 70% and 75% for zafirlukast and cromolyn, respectively; response to FEV1 criteria was 47% for both treatments. All treatments were tolerated well by @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity22398 and @entity9992 are effective first-line therapies for mild @entity565 , with both therapies producing greater benefits in @entity1 whose PEF variability was > or = 10%. In prospective trials to evaluate therapies in @entity1 with mild @entity565 , it may be worthwhile to include PEF variability with a 10% cutoff either as an inclusion criteria or as a tool for subset analysis.

title: Two first-line therapies in the treatment of mild XXXX : use of peak flow variability as a predictor of effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['cromolyn']

entities_list: @entity22398 :: ('MESH:C062735', 'Chemical') :: ['zafirlukast', 'Zafirlukast']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal asthma symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime asthma symptoms']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity3076 and @entity1397 in the setting of a glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor. BACKGROUND: @entity3076 reduced @entity65 as compared with @entity1397 in TRITON-TIMI 38 (Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition with @entity3076 -Thrombolysis in @entity583 38) but with increased @entity548 . METHODS: Researchers in the TRITON-TIMI 38 randomized 13,608 subjects with @entity1187 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to @entity3076 versus @entity1397 . The use of a @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor was at the physician's discretion. For the current analysis, end points were examined at 30 days and were stratified by use of a @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor. RESULTS: A total of 7,414 subjects (54.5%) received a @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor during their index hospitalization. There was a consistent benefit of @entity3076 over @entity1397 for reducing @entity65 , @entity583 , or @entity64 in @entity1 who did (hazard ratio: 0.76; 95% confidence interval: 0.64 to 0.90) or did not receive a @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor (hazard ratio: 0.78; 95% confidence interval: 0.63 to 0.97, p(interaction) = 0.83). @entity3076 significantly reduced @entity583 , urgent revascularization, and stent @entity715 irrespective of @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor use. Although subjects treated with a @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor had greater rates of @entity548 , the risk of Thrombolysis in @entity583 major or @entity548 with @entity3076 versus @entity1397 was not significantly different in @entity1 who were or were not treated with @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor (p(interaction) = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3076 significantly reduces the risk of @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity1187 after percutaneous coronary intervention regardless of whether or not a @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor is used. The use of a @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor does not accentuate the relative risk of @entity548 with @entity3076 as compared with @entity1397 .

title: The efficacy and safety of @entity3076 with and without a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in @entity1 with @entity1187 undergoing percutaneous intervention: a TRITON-TIMI 38 (Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition With XXXX -Thrombolysis In @entity583 38) analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3076 :: ('MESH:C408153', 'Chemical') :: ['prasugrel', 'Prasugrel']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'minor bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity3076 :: (MESH:C408153,Chemical) :: ['Prasugrel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When using botulinum toxin for the management of @entity2633 , injection at a fixed distance from an anatomic landmark could result in inadequate paralysis of the intended muscle. We assessed the effectiveness of injection of botulinum toxin using precise anatomic measurement in individual @entity1 . METHODS: In this randomized placebo-controlled trial, 48 @entity1 with chronic refractory @entity2633 were randomly assigned to receive a single injection of either botulinum toxin (60 units) or placebo (normal saline). The site of injection was chosen as a distance one-third the length of the forearm from the tip of the lateral epicondyle on the course of the posterior interosseus nerve. The primary outcome measure was intensity of @entity158 at rest, measured with the use of a 100-mm visual analogue scale, at baseline and at 4, 8 and 16 weeks after injection. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo group, the group given botulinum toxin had significant reductions in @entity158 at rest during follow-up (decrease at 4 weeks 14.1 mm, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.8-22.3; at 8 weeks 11.5 mm, 95% CI 2.0-21.0; at 16 weeks 12.6 mm, 95% CI 7.7-17.8; p = 0.01). As for the secondary outcomes, the intensity of @entity158 during maximum pinch decreased in the botulinum toxin group; there was no difference in @entity158 during maximum grip or in grip strength between the two groups. All but one of the @entity1 in the intervention group experienced @entity425 in the extension of the third and fourth fingers at week 4 that resolved by week 16. No serious adverse events were reported. INTERPRETATION: The use of precise anatomic measurement to guide injection of botulinum toxin significantly reduced @entity158 at rest in @entity1 with chronic refractory @entity2633 . However, the transient extensor lag makes this method inappropriate for @entity1 whose job requires finger extension.

title: Use of anatomic measurement to guide injection of botulinum toxin for the management of chronic XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: The acantholytic variant of @entity957 ( @entity938 ) represents a rare type of metaplastic @entity0 with typical occurrence of pseudoglandular and @entity2383 , arising as a result of cohesion loss between the neoplastic cells. Up to the present, there have been only 10 cases of mammary @entity938 described in the English written literature. The authors present a case of a 57-year-old @entity1 with a large (6 x 7 cm) suspicious lump on ultrasonography in her right breast treated by mastectomy with an ipsilateral axillary lymph node dissection due to histologically verified @entity938 . Additional postoperative staging computer tomography revealed metastatic foci in the left lungs, thus calling for adjuvant chemotherapy for the @entity1 . Six months after setting the diagnosis, the @entity1 is alive with a partial therapeutic response. In the differential diagnosis of @entity938 it is important to exclude @entity5426 , @entity5 and metastatic @entity242 to the breast. The useful tools for differentiation between the above-mentioned entities are extensive bioptic examination and detailed immunohistochemical staining, enabling the pathologist to exclude the endothelial lineage (using @entity2279 and @entity2280 ) and to verify the epithelial origin through the detection of cytokeratins (spectra of high-molecular weight cytokeratins). Furthermore, the @entity938 shows positive immunohistochemical staining for markers of the myoepithelial differentiation, e.g. @entity6881 , @entity2282 and @entity4206 , suggesting an immature cell population with basaloid features. In conclusion, as @entity938 is an aggressive subtype of the @entity0 with a poor prognosis, the correct diagnosis set by the pathologist is of great importance on the therapeutic management in affected @entity1 .

title: [Acatholytic variant of squamous XXXX . A case report and review of literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['phyllodes tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['pseudovascular structures']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: To develop a root canal filling material with high antimicrobial activity, we prepared gutta-percha supplemented with the cationic surfactant @entity4410 ( @entity4411 ). Thermoplastic gutta-percha was supplemented with 0.05%, 0.2%, or 0.8% @entity4411 . The gutta-percha containing @entity4411 was tightly packed at the bottom of a 24-well plate. Its antimicrobial activity against eight representative endodontic pathogens-including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi-was evaluated by adding 0.5 mL of liquid samples containing pathogens to the wells. After 24 h of cultivation under appropriate conditions, microbial growth was analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFU). Gutta-percha alone (without @entity4411 ) partially inhibited microbial growth, probably through the antimicrobial effect of some of its components, such as @entity1947 . Addition of @entity4411 dose-dependently increased the antimicrobial efficacy of gutta-percha. Addition of 0.05%, 0.2%, and 0.8% @entity4411 reduced the viable microbial number to below the lower limit of detection (20 CFU/mL) for all tested pathogens except @entity796 , which was detected in 0.8% @entity4411 -containing gutta-percha, although the viable number significantly decreased. Gutta-percha with @entity4411 might be useful for preventing @entity281 during root canal therapy. (J Oral Sci 58, 277-282, 2016).

title: Antimicrobial efficacy of gutta-percha supplemented with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['microbial infections']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

answer: @entity4410 :: (MESH:D002594,Chemical) :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The importance of hemodynamics in the etiopathogenesis of @entity438 ( @entity438 ) is widely accepted. @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) is being used increasingly for hemodynamic predictions. However, alogn with the continuing development and validation of these tools, it is imperative to collect the opinion of the clinicians. METHODS: A workshop on @entity5173 was conducted during the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) Teaching Course, Lisbon, Portugal. 36 delegates, mostly clinicians, performed supervised @entity5173 analysis for an IA, using the @neuFuse software developed within the European project @neurIST. Feedback on the workshop was collected and analyzed. The performance was assessed on a scale of 1 to 4 and, compared with experts' performance. RESULTS: Current dilemmas in the management of unruptured @entity438 remained the most important motivating factor to attend the workshop and majority of @entity1 showed interest in participating in a multicentric trial. The @entity1 achieved an average score of 2.52 (range 0-4) which was 63% (range 0-100%) of an expert user. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 showed a manifest interest in @entity5173 , there was a clear lack of awareness concerning the role of hemodynamics in the etiopathogenesis of @entity438 and the use of @entity5173 in this context. More efforts therefore are required to enhance understanding of the clinicians in the subject.

title: The role of computational fluid dynamics in the management of unruptured XXXX : a clinicians' view.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'Computational fluid dynamics']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'IAs']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: There are few second-line regimens available for @entity418 . The use of fractionated @entity1205 and @entity1814 as second-line chemotherapy was examined in this study. METHODOLOGY: Eligibility criteria were follows: histologically-proven @entity957 , surgically unresectable disease, failure to respond to chemotherapy with @entity1487 and @entity900 and no more than 2 prior chemotherapy regimens. A total of 12 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. To reduce @entity137 , fractionated @entity1205 (50 mg/m   in day 1 and 8) and @entity1814 (50 mg/m   in day 8) were administered as second-line chemotherapy. RESULTS: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was observed in 4 cases (33%) and the disease control rate was 33%. Regarding @entity137 , @entity1431 was the most frequently observed (8 cases, 67%); however, there were no cases of grade 4 nonhematological @entity137 . The 1-year overall survival was 26.7% and the median survival time was 7.8 months (95% CI=3.328-12.272 months). The 1-year progression-free survival was 0% and the median progression-free time was 2.0 months (95% CI=1.319-2.681). CONCLUSIONS: Combination chemotherapy using fractionated @entity1205 and @entity1814 is safe and effective and appears to be a feasible regimen to use as second-line chemotherapy for FP-resistant advanced @entity1721 .

title: A phase 1/11 study of second-line chemotherapy with fractionated @entity1205 and @entity1814 for XXXX / @entity900 -resistant @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-FU']


abstract: New anticancer drugs targeting DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) are now approved for clinical use for the treatment of @entity694 . From laboratory work, it is known that @entity5 cells with high Topo I are sensitive to these drugs and that @entity5 cells with low Topo I are relatively resistant. The Topo I active drugs are also S-phase specific, indicating that cytoxicity is dependent on DNA replication and cell proliferation. To date, there is no correlation between the molecular characteristics of @entity1 @entity694 with response to Topo I active drugs. To begin to correlate biologic response to Topo I drugs with the molecular characteristics of the @entity5 , we studied Topo I and DNA topoisomerase II-alpha (Topo II-alpha) expression in 29 cases of @entity694 . With use of a new immunohistochemical stain specific for Topo I, we found elevated Topo I expression in 25 (86%) of the 29 cases. Twenty-four of the 29 cases were right-sided lesions and were previously well characterized with respect to microsatellite sequences. Topo I was elevated in 9 (82%) of 11 @entity5 with stable microsatellite sequences and in 11 (85%) of 13 @entity5 with unstable microsatellite sequences. We found no correlation between Topo I expression and Dukes' stage. A proliferation index, estimated by immunohistochemical staining for Topo II-alpha was also performed. The average Topo II-alpha index of the 29 cases studies was 63.6 (standard deviation, 14.1), indicating that @entity694 contain a large percent of cycling cells. There was no difference in Topo II-alpha indices between @entity5 with stable (average Topo II-alpha index, 61.6) or unstable microsatellite sequences (average Topo II-alpha index, 65.9).

title: Expression of DNA topoisomerase I and DNA topoisomerase II-alpha in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas', 'colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the colon']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity320 is a rare @entity5 in adults. The mean age at diagnosis is 60, but the @entity5 can affect @entity1 of childbearing age. A negative effect of pregnancy on @entity1 ' survival has not been formally excluded to date. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on the prognosis of @entity320 . METHODS: We conducted a single-centre retrospective study at the Institut Curie on the population of @entity1 of childbearing age who were diagnosed with @entity320 between June 1980 and October 2013. We took a particular interest in the prognosis of those who were pregnant at the time of diagnosis and in the prognosis of those who chose to get pregnant after the treatment. RESULTS: We found 27 pregnant @entity1 at the time of diagnosis and 13 @entity1 who became pregnant after the treatment. There was no difference in the survival between these two groups of @entity1 and the group of other @entity1 of childbearing age diagnosed with @entity320 (p  =  0.52). There was also no difference in metastasis-free survival (p  =  0.91). Most @entity1 were able to carry their pregnancies to term (67% had a term pregnancy, and only 7% had an abortion). For @entity1 who were pregnant when they were diagnosed with @entity320 , a conservative treatment was chosen in 85% of cases, and proton beam therapy was the most widely used treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Survival in @entity1 of childbearing age does not appear to be influenced by pregnancy. We show that proton beam therapy can be used to treat @entity1 who are pregnant at the time of @entity320 diagnosis.

title: XXXX and pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal melanoma', 'choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Choroidal melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the role of bariatric surgery in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple studies demonstrate that bariatric surgical approaches to @entity28 lead to substantial and sustained @entity353 . @entity1 with @entity6 have remission of @entity4854 or require reduced medications. Surgical intervention for @entity1 with more recent @entity6 onset may have higher rates of resolution than @entity1 with longer duration disease. In addition, @entity2299 and @entity101 improve. A short-term randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic banding with optimal medical management suggests surgery leads to more improvement in multiple metabolic measures. Perioperative risk is low and observational studies suggest long-term survival is favorable for @entity28 @entity1 following bariatric surgery. Metabolic risks of bariatric procedures are reviewed. SUMMARY: Although there are several surgical approaches for weight management, improvements in @entity6 , including achievement of near normal glycemia without medication or reduced medications, are realized in many @entity1 . Early surgical intervention for overweight @entity164 2 @entity6 may be clinically appropriate in @entity1 for in whom operative risks are acceptable.

title: Bariatric surgery for XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of body mass index (BMI) and chemotherapy dose reduction on pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for @entity0 remains unclear. Contemporary studies have reported largely on trial populations and used dose-capping. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 registries at the University of Iowa were queried to identify @entity1 with operable @entity0 who received NAC. Dose reductions were calculated for @entity6023 (T), @entity8253 (A) and non-A-T chemotherapy. Clinical-pathologic characteristics, chemotherapy dose reductions, and adverse events were compared between normal (BMI  <25) and overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 (BMI  >= 25). Additionally, the synergistic effect of BMI and chemotherapy dose reduction on pCR was assessed. RESULTS: Of 171 eligible @entity1 , 112 were overweight/ @entity28 . Chemotherapy dosing was capped in 2 @entity1 ; all others initiated full weight-based treatment. Overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 required more frequent @entity3907 (44.6% vs. 25.4%; P  = .01) and any chemotherapy dose reductions (50.9% vs. 33.9%; P  = .03). pCR was attained in 29.2% of @entity1 . In a multivariable model, the interaction term for BMI as a continuous variable and any chemotherapy dose reduction was significant independent of the clinical stage and @entity5 receptor status (P  = .04). For @entity28 @entity1 , any chemotherapy dose reduction was significantly associated with increased odds of not attaining pCR. CONCLUSION: During NAC, overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 more often have chemotherapy dose reductions. Chemotherapy dose reduction in @entity28 @entity1 was a powerful predictor of not attaining pCR. This was not seen for normal or overweight @entity1 . Opportunities might exist to improve pCR rates in this higher-risk group.

title: Effect of Body Mass Index- and Actual Weight-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Doses on Pathologic Complete Response in Operable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical spectrum of @entity2142 due to irregular blood subgroup incompatibility in hospitalized neonates. STUDY DESIGN: The medical records of the all hospitalized newborn @entity1 diagnosed with indirect @entity3638 due to subgroup incompatibility in Kell, C, c, E, and e systems were included in the study. Data from 106 newborns with @entity1087 due to irregular blood subgroups were retrospectively evaluated, and clinical and laboratory findings were compared between @entity1 . The treatment modalities given to the @entity1 of each subgroup types and the laboratory findings and treatment modalities of the cases according to Coombs tests results were also analyzed. Fetal affection of the @entity2142 and also fetal losses due to irregular red-cell alloimmunization were not detected in prenatal course, as there was no follow-up of these pregnancies. RESULTS: The mean postnatal hospitalizing age was 6.1    5.2 days after birth. The mean total @entity648 level and the mean hemoglobin value on hospitalization were 343.7    63.3   mol/L (=20.1    3.7 mg/dL) and 14.9    3.4 g/dL, respectively. Of 106 @entity1 identified with irregular subgroup incompatibility, 40 @entity1 (37.7%) were associated with C, 22 (20.8%) with c, 30 (28.3%) with E, 9 (8.5%) with e, and 5 (4.7%) with Kell subgroup system. Positive Coombs tests (either direct and/or indirect) occurred in 28.3% of the study cases. @entity4296 was determined in 5 of 106 neonates (4.7%). Twenty-two of 106 (20.8%) @entity1 required total exchange transfusion. Positive Coombs test in cases required total exchange transfusion was 63.6%. CONCLUSION: Our data expose the magnitude and spectrum of the potential developing severe @entity2142 and immune @entity4 due to irregular subgroup incompatibility. Minor group antibody screening is recommended both in the mother and the high-risk @entity1 with @entity3638 and @entity6570 .

title: XXXX caused by irregular blood subgroup (Kell, C, c, E, and e) incompatibilities: report of 106 cases at a tertiary-care centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic jaundice']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity6570 :: ('MESH:D004899', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic disease of the newborn']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrops fetalis']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis', 'hemolytic disease']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity6570 :: (MESH:D004899,Disease) :: ['Hemolytic disease of the newborn']


abstract: Exocrine @entity3210 in @entity6 @entity1 is frequent. Studies based on @entity33535 measurement give prevalence rates of about 50 % in type 1 and 33 % in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Nevertheless, not all @entity1 report typical symptoms like @entity294 , @entity6123 and @entity353 . For indirect testing the determination of @entity33535 has the highest sensitivity and specificity. This test should be performed at least in all symptomatic @entity1 . For differential diagnosis celiac disease (with a prevalence of about 3-5 % of type 1 @entity6 @entity1 ), @entity16 like irritable @entity1820 have to be taken into account. @entity1 with symptoms and a @entity33535 < 100   g/g should be treated with pancreas enzymes in adequate daily doses administered at main meals. Treatment improves symptoms significantly, supply with fat soluble vitamins is normalised, risk for @entity170 is reduced. An improvement of @entity413 metabolism is but not seen in all studies. A pancreatogenic @entity6 , also termed as type 3c @entity6 , has not primarily to be treated with insulin, often-at least initially-treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs is possible and sufficient.

title: [Position paper: Exocrine XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy, but also diseases']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['colon and gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioscopy with a flexible steerable microangioscope was performed in five @entity1 undergoing repeat angioplasty. Recurrent lesions were assessed by angioscopy before and after the angioplasty procedure. The most common surface morphology observed in these @entity75 was that of @entity62 consistent with the proliferation of fibrous tissue. Also noted during angioscopy was the presence or absence of @entity715 or dissection in association with the lesions either before or after angioplasty. Filmy wisps of tissue, presumably intimal flaps, were commonly visualized after angioplasty. There were no complications related to angioscopy or angioplasty in these @entity1 . The surface morphology of @entity75 appears to be different from that of primary @entity731 . The lesions in these five @entity1 with @entity256 were generally white and fibrotic in appearance, as opposed to the pigmented yellow to yellow-brown lesions commonly seen in undilated @entity731 . It was also noted that the presence of intracoronary @entity715 was strongly associated with the clinical syndrome of @entity1459 . These findings support the hypothesis that @entity75 are the result of a reparative process consisting of smooth muscle cell proliferation and @entity82 .

title: Percutaneous coronary angioscopy in @entity1 with XXXX after coronary angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis lesions']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white unpigmented lesions']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The significance of microalbuminuria (MA) in paediatric essential @entity101 has yet to be established. The Leontio Lyceum @entity633 Study (3L Study) was designed to determine the prevalence of MA among Greek schoolchildren and to evaluate these rates in relation to the @entity1 's anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics, and dietary habits. METHODS: During April 2009, 498 students from the Leontio Lyceum, aged 12-17 years (7th-12th grade), were asked to participate in the 3L Study. For each @entity1 a questionnaire was completed that was developed for the purposes of the study to retrieve information on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, as well as dietary habits (through a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire), and physical activity status. Overweight and @entity28 were defined using the international body mass index cut-off points established for @entity1 and young @entity1 . Office blood pressure (BP) was measured on two different occasions and those students who had BP >95th percentile for gender, age and height on both occasions were considered as @entity101 . Microalbuminuria was determined as albumin to @entity1011 ratio >or=22 mg/g in @entity1 and >or=31 mg/g in @entity1 in a morning spot urine sample using a quantitative assay (DCA 2000). RESULTS: The prevalence of MA was found to be 12.9% and that of childhood @entity101 5.2%. The prevalence of overweight status was 25.8% and 5.8% of the students were classified as obese. Low physical activity was reported by 7% of @entity1 and @entity1 , while 46.5% of the students reported participation in vigorous physical activities during a normal week. Based on the KIDMED score of each student, only 6% of them were classified as high adherers to a Mediterranean diet and 41.9% were classified as having very low diet quality. CONCLUSIONS: In this paper we present the aims, design and preliminary results of an epidemiological study on MA, @entity101 , increased body size and lifestyle characteristics among Greek schoolchildren.

title: Leontio Lyceum XXXX (3L Study) epidemiological study: aims, design and preliminary findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['ALbuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['ALbuminuria']


abstract: Schwann cells are a promising candidate for bridging @entity1566 and remyelinating axons. However, grafted Schwann cells show little intermingling with host astrocytes and therefore limited migration from transplant sites. This leads to the formation of a sharp border between host astrocytes and Schwann cells, which results in axons stalling at the graft-host interface and failing to exit the graft. We investigated the possibility that Eph/ephrin interactions are involved in the segregation of Schwann cells and astrocytes and in limiting Schwann cell migration. Using reverse transcription-PCR, we have characterized the ephrin and Eph profile in cultured Schwann cells and astrocytes, showing that astrocytes produce all the ephrinAs and Schwann cells produce the receptors @entity22129 , @entity8115 , and @entity26551 . Several ephrinAs inhibit Schwann cell migration on laminin, with @entity26552 being the most effective. Blocking the EphA receptors with excess @entity8115 -Fc increases Schwann cell migration on astrocytes and improves Schwann-astrocyte intermingling. We show that the action of @entity26552 on Schwann cells is mediated via @entity23082 . Both clustered @entity26552 and astrocyte contact increases the phosphorylation of @entity23082 in Schwann cells. Knockdown of @entity23082 abrogates the inhibitory effect of clustered @entity26552 on migration and increases the ability of Schwann cells to migrate on astrocytes. In addition, we found a role for @entity26552 in inhibiting Schwann cell integrin signaling and function. Overall, we suggest that Eph/ephrin interactions inhibit Schwann cell migration and intermingling with astrocytes via VAV signaling affecting integrin function.

title: Astrocyte-produced ephrins inhibit schwann cell migration via XXXX signaling.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

answer: @entity23082 :: (7410,Gene) :: ['VAV2']


abstract: Identification of genomic alterations associated with the progression of @entity263 may facilitate the better understanding of the development of this highly variable disease. Matched normal, premalignant high-grade @entity5436 and @entity263 cells were procured by laser capture microdissection (LCM) from @entity1 radical prostatectomy specimens. From these cells, comparative DNA fingerprints were generated by a modified PCR-based technique called scanning of microdissected @entity75 ( @entity32390 )-PCR. Recurrent polymorphic fingerprint fragments were used in tagging altered chromosomal regions. Altered regions were found at cytobands 1p31.3, 1q44, 2p23.1, 3p26.3, 3q22.3, 4q22.3, 4q35.2, 5q23.2, 8q22.3, 8q24.13, 9q21.3, 9q22.32, 10q11.21, 11p13, 12p12.1, 13q12.1, 16q12.2 and 18q21.31. Candidate genes in the surrounding area that may possibly harbor mutations that change normal prostatic cells to progress into their @entity5 stages were proposed. Of these fragments, a 420 bp alteration, absent in all 26 normal samples screened, was observed in 2 @entity5 . This fragment was cloned, sequenced and localized to chromosome 12p12.1. Within this region, candidate gene @entity32391 ( @entity32391 ) was proposed. Further studies of @entity32391 in cell lines, xenografts and @entity1 prostate specimens, at both the RNA and protein levels, found overexpression of the gene in @entity5 . This overexpression was then subsequently found by fluorescent in situ hybridization to be caused by amplification of the region. In conclusion, our results suggest LCM coupled with @entity32390 -PCR DNA fingerprinting is a useful method for the screening and identification of chromosomal regions and genes associated with @entity5 development. Further, overexpression of @entity32391 is associated with @entity263 progression and early development of distant @entity3 .

title: DNA fingerprinting tags novel altered chromosomal regions and identifies the involvement of @entity32391 in the progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumor', 'invasive prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity32391 :: ('6660', 'Gene') :: ['SOX5', 'sex determining region Y-box 5']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['archival lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity410 ( @entity410 ) are the most common type of @entity410 events in @entity1 . @entity410 have been extensively studied using animal models, where @entity35 and @entity19 pups are placed in a hyperthermic environment. Such work has largely focused on the consequences rather than on the mechanisms of experimental @entity410 (eFS). We have recently shown that eFS are preceded by a dramatic rise in the rate of respiration. The consequent @entity3945 affecting the brain and increasing neuronal excitability is a direct cause of the eFS [1]. If a similar mechanism contributes to @entity1 @entity410 and other fever-related @entity302 , a number of factors operating at the molecular, cellular and systems level that have not been previously thought to be involved in their etiology must be considered. These include physiological and pathophysiological factors affecting @entity515 chemosensitivity as well as cellular and systemic mechanisms of acid-base regulation. Furthermore, a critical role for brain pH in @entity410 points to novel types of susceptibility genes, which include genes coding pH-sensitive target proteins (e.g. neuronal ion channels) and pH-regulatory proteins. We will discuss these novel ideas and putative therapies based on them.

title: Neurobiological and physiological mechanisms of fever-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'FS', 'Febrile seizures', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3945 :: ('MESH:D000472', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory alkalosis']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptiform syndromes']


abstract: @entity1319 and the adaptive control of their amplitudes were examined in @entity1 with Wallenberg's @entity5487 . Half of the @entity1 had permanent @entity6447 . Their primary saccades had asymmetric amplitudes: those made in response to an @entity717 (i.e. to the lesion side) tended to be hypermetric and saccades made in response to a contralateral target step were strongly hypometric. Multiple correction saccades were needed for target fixation. The adjustment of the amplitude of artificially induced hypermetric saccades, called gain adaptivity, was examined experimentally by using double target steps. The first target step elicited the primary saccade which triggered a further target displacement. This second, intra-saccadic target displacement was opposite to the first target step and caused the primary saccade to overshoot the final target position. In this way a post-saccadic target position error was generated which had to be corrected for foveal fixation. With repetition of this stimulus sequence the saccadic control system of normal subjects made an adjustment in amplitude of the main saccade such that the overshooting gradually diminished. After a few hundred trials primary saccades became orthometric with respect to the final target position; in respect to the first target step they were, however, strongly hypometric. The experimental data show that @entity1 with @entity5487 had a reduced capability to readjust saccadic amplitude. This observation together with the enduring @entity6447 suggest that adaptive gain control of saccades is impaired in @entity1 with lesions restricted to the dorsolateral medulla. It is speculated that these lesions most likely disrupt olivo-cerebellar pathways which are believed to be of paramount importance in visuo-motor adaptation of the cerebellum.

title: Enduring XXXX and impaired gain adaptivity of saccadic eye movements in Wallenberg's @entity5487 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['lateral medullary syndrome', "Wallenberg's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['saccadic dysmetria']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral target step']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Saccadic eye movements']

answer: @entity6447 :: (MESH:D002524,Disease) :: ['dysmetria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of recurrent veno @entity49 higher in men @entity1 n in wome @entity1 d this is so far unexplained. We set out to determine the influence of age, time between first and second event, type of first event, oral contraception, pregnancy and surgery. METHODS: We performed a prospective follow-up study of 474 pati @entity1 h a first objective diagnosis of deep @entity1150 ed 18-70 years (Leiden Thro @entity49 dy cohort). RESULTS: During 3477 pers @entity1 rs of follow-up, 90 recurrences occurred. The overall incidence rates of recurrence (IRs) were 40.9 per 1000 pers @entity1 rs in men @entity1 15.8 per 1000 pers @entity1 rs in wome @entity1 n @entity1 h an unprovoked first event had the highest risk of recurrence, with almost one-third experiencing a second unprovoked event within 8 years (IR 41.2 per 1000 pers @entity1 rs). This risk was three-fold lower in wome @entity1 14.2 per 1000 pers @entity1 rs; hazard ratio 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.4-5.7)]. Age at diagnosis had little effect on recurrence rate, and nor had time elapsed since the first event. In wome @entity1 most half of the recurrences were provoked and were mainly related to oral contraceptive use or pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The higher recurrence rate in men @entity1 n in wome @entity1 not the result of differences in the environmental or transient risk factors that we studied. The risk profile for a second thro @entity715 nt is clearly different from that of a first.

title: Sex difference in risk of recurrent XXXX and the risk profile for a second event.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Thrombophilia']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine survival rates of @entity1 with @entity706 in South Australia. DESIGN AND SETTING: De-identified data from the SA Cancer Registry on all @entity1 with @entity706 were analysed, as well as the subgroup treated at the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH). For @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), we used the International Working Formulation (IWF) grading. SA and RAH data on survival rates were compared with those for the whole of Australia and the United States. @entity1 : All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity706 and treated in SA in 1977-2007. OUTCOME MEASURES: 5-year survival rates for @entity1 with @entity706 , by type of @entity706 and age. RESULTS: Of the total of 8651  @entity1 with @entity706 , 939  were classified as having @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and 7712  as having @entity1893 . Of those with @entity1893 , 1805  had low-grade, 3576  intermediate-grade, and 510  high-grade @entity1893 . In another 1821  @entity1 , the data were insufficient to make an IWF grading. There was a substantial increase in 5-year survival rates for @entity1 with @entity706 between 1977  and 2007  in SA. While the increase in 5-year survival rates for @entity978 was 7.6  percentage points, survival rates peaked at 88%. For @entity1893 , there was an 18.7  percentage points increase in 5-year survival rates. The first significant increase of 7  percentage points was associated with the introduction of bone marrow transplantation; this was maintained with the increase in 5-year survival rates reaching 14  percentage points by 1995-1999. Since 1999, there has been a further increase of 5  percentage points in 5-year survival rates with the introduction of rituximab. CONCLUSION: Outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1893 have improved significantly, most likely because of the use of bone marrow transplantation and rituximab. Hospital- and state-based @entity5 registry data reflect the reality of population outcomes and the impact of new technologies.

title: Outcomes of XXXX in South Australia, 1977-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is the leading cause of preventable @entity1939 in adults. Project I See in NC was begun to determine whether access to eye screening for Medicaid recipients and uninsured @entity1 with @entity6 in North Carolina could be improved. METHODS: We targeted Medicaid recipients and uninsured adults with @entity6 for screening in 2 Community Care of North Carolina Networks. Screenings were performed in primary care settings throughout 6 counties in the Northwest Community Care Network and 6 counties in Access III of Community Care of the Lower Cape Fear. @entity1 were screened using a high-resolution digital retinal camera with images read at a centralized reading center at Wake Forest School of Medicine. RESULTS: A total of 1,688 @entity1 were screened from October 2005 through September 2007. Nearly 15% (282) were found to have mild, nonproliferative-to-proliferative @entity989 , while the majority of @entity1 had no evidence of @entity6 . Nearly 12% (196) required referral to an ophthalmologist, with 5% (86) requiring urgent referral for potentially sight-threatening @entity989 . LIMITATIONS: We were not able to confirm which @entity1 kept their ophthalmologic appointments; however, we are currently analyzing data from the Medicaid @entity1 in our study who required ophthalmologic referral. CONCLUSIONS: Remote digital retinal screening for @entity6 is feasible in primary care settings in both urban and rural areas of North Carolina, and it may prove to be an effective means of reaching more @entity1 who require annual screening examinations.

title: Project I See in NC: Initial results of a program to increase access to retinal examinations among XXXX individuals in North Carolina.

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stent-graft treatment of the @entity1 with @entity548 may be beneficial in specific situations, especially when preservation of blood flow to the distant organs is important. PURPOSE: To present the results of stent-graft placement for urgent treatment or prevention of the @entity548 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Stent-graft placement was performed urgently for the treatment of active @entity548 and/or @entity2849 / @entity439 in 17 @entity1 . Diagnoses were based on clinical findings and/or imaging studies. The etiology was previous major surgery and/or percutaneous intervention in 13, @entity5 in one, @entity788 and @entity9007 in one, multitrauma due to traffic accident in one and unknown cause in one @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 23 stent-grafts were placed. Angiograms obtained after placement revealed patent stent-graft with no further active extravasation or filling of @entity2849 in 14 @entity1 . Due to persistent @entity548 , embolization was performed in two @entity1 . In three @entity1 , the stent-grafts were found to be thrombosed either immediately after placement (n = 1) or at follow-up (n = 2). Stent-grafts were patent in six of nine @entity1 that could be followed (between 3 months and 6 years). CONCLUSION: Urgent stent-graft placement may be an alternative to endovascular embolization or surgery. It may be preferred when embolization is technically difficult or impossible and/or when preservation of blood supply to distal organs is essential such as in liver transplant grafts or extremity salvage.

title: Stent-graft placement for urgent treatment or prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2530 of the distal portion of the femur produces a segment of dead bone in the weight-bearing portion of the femoral condyle, frequently associated with subchondral @entity174 and @entity891 and eventually resulting in secondary @entity571 . Treatment of these late stages of @entity2530 in the knee can be problematic. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a new surgical technique in which the subchondral @entity75 is removed. The @entity79 is then reconstructed with impacted bone grafts to prevent @entity891 and/or to regain distal femoral sphericity. METHODS: In this prospective, one-surgeon study, nine consecutive knees in six @entity1 were studied, all of which had extensive corticosteroid-associated @entity75 of the femoral condyles. Six knees had collapsed lesions when they were initially treated. The mean age of the @entity1 was thirty-one years. Both the clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed at a minimal follow-up time of two years. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up time of fifty-one months, none of the reconstructed knees had been converted to a total knee prosthesis. The objective Knee Society score improved from a mean of 63 to 89 points. The functional Knee Society score improved from a mean of 19 to 81 points. During the follow-up period, there was no progression of @entity891 observed; however, three knees showed early signs of @entity571 . Clinical success was achieved in six of eight knees, and radiographic success was achieved in seven of nine knees. CONCLUSIONS: At the time of writing (at the time of midterm follow-up), this method appears attractive as a joint-preserving procedure. It is a relatively simple procedure that is not likely to interfere with future knee procedures. It appears that this technique can be effective in knees with @entity891 of the femoral condyle, and it may delay the need for a total knee arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors on jbjs.org for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Bone impaction grafting for corticosteroid-associated XXXX of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrotic lesions', 'osteonecrotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of social support on both acute stress symptoms and @entity308 in @entity1 and adolescents following a single-incident @entity130 as well as the potential mediating effects of negative appraisals. DESIGN: A cross-sectional concurrent design was used. METHOD: Ninety-seven @entity1 (aged 7-17 years) and a parent of each were recruited through the emergency department or in- @entity1 ward of two metropolitan hospitals. Negative appraisals, @entity1 perception of social support, parent availability to provide social support, prior @entity130 and @entity308 and acute stress symptoms were measured within 4 weeks of @entity130 . RESULTS: Negative appraisals about the @entity130 were highly correlated with both acute stress and @entity308 symptoms. Social support was negatively correlated with @entity308 symptoms, but not acute stress symptoms. There was a trend for social support to be negatively correlated with negative appraisals. There was no evidence that negative appraisals mediated the social support-symptoms relationships. CONCLUSIONS: The findings lend support to recent cognitive and developmental models of the aetiology of @entity1005 , and the possible shared cognitive vulnerability between @entity130 symptoms and @entity308 . Clinically, the results indicate that, appraisals, social support, and @entity308 symptoms should be assessed in addition to @entity130 symptoms following single-incident traumatic events. The findings also suggest that when @entity308 symptoms are present following @entity130 exposure, it may be useful to ensure @entity1 have adequate social support. Future research should also develop @entity130 specific measures of social support.

title: The effects of social support and negative appraisals on acute stress symptoms and @entity308 in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['psychological difficulties, depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We performed for the first time three-dimensional (3D) modelling of the entire chloroplast structure. Stacks of optical slices obtained by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) provided a basis for construction of 3D images of individual chloroplasts. We selected @entity3587 ( @entity3587 ) and bean ( @entity11297 ) chloroplasts since we found that they differ in thylakoid organization. @entity3587 chloroplasts contain large distinctly separated appressed domains while less distinguished appressed regions are present in bean chloroplasts. Different @entity1760 ion treatments were used to study thylakoid membrane stacking and arrangement. In @entity3587 chloroplasts, as demonstrated by 3D modelling, the increase of @entity1760 ion concentration changed the degree of membrane appression from wrinkled continuous surface to many distinguished stacked areas and significant increase of the inter-grana area. On the other hand 3D models of bean chloroplasts exhibited similar but less pronounced tendencies towards formation of appressed regions. Additionally, we studied arrangements of thylakoid membranes and @entity38 -protein complexes by various spectroscopic methods, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) among others. Based on microscopic and spectroscopic data we suggested that the range of chloroplast structure alterations under @entity1760 ions treatment is a consequence of the arrangement of supercomplexes. Moreover, we showed that stacking processes always affect the structural changes of chloroplast as a whole.

title: 3-D modelling of chloroplast structure under (Mg2+) XXXX ion treatment. Relationship between thylakoid membrane arrangement and stacking.

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['Pisum sativum', 'Pea', 'pea']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: Objective. @entity2718 infection is a leading cause of nosocomial @entity294 in developed countries. Studies evaluating the associations of increased risk of community-acquired CDAD and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have yielded inconclusive results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the odds of NSAID exposure in @entity1 with CDAD versus @entity1 without CDAD in both community-based and healthcare-associated settings. Methods. Relevant observational studies indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE up to February 2015 were analyzed and data were extracted from nine studies. Of these, eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results. A search of the databases resulted in 987 articles. The nine studies from which data were extracted involved over 39,000 subjects. The pooled odds ratio for history of NSAID use in @entity1 with CDAD compared with controls was 1.41 (95% CI 1.06-1.87; p < 0.01), indicating a significant increased odds of CDAD among @entity1 exposed to NSAIDs. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its nature to demonstrate the association between the use of NSAIDs and increased risk of CDAD. Further studies to evaluate if any specific types of NSAIDs can increase the risk of CDAD are warranted.

title: Association between NSAIDs and XXXX -Associated @entity294 : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health care provision for @entity1569 @entity1 , and to better allocate resources, precise knowledge of the health care situation is essential. The goal of this study is to analyze prescription behavior and resource utilization for @entity1569 @entity1 in Germany. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of routinely collected @entity1569 data from 2004-2007 from members of a nationwide statutory health insurance company (Gm  nder Ersatzkasse). A descriptive analysis was done on physician care, hospitalizations, and medications and related costs. RESULTS: 34,728 of the 913,145 continuously insured @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1569 (one-year prevalence: 2.3-2.5%). At the time of the initial diagnosis, 68% of @entity1 were treated by a dermatologist and 28% by a general practitioner (GP). Over the next 21 months, the proportion of @entity1 seen by a dermatologist decreased to 22% and the proportion seen by a GP increased to around 70%. 15.2% of @entity1 were absent at least once from work. 79.5% received prescriptions with an average cost of     135 per @entity1 per year. 97.5% of @entity1 received topical therapy; 11% got systemic therapies. Biologics were given to about 0.1% of @entity1 . Significant differences in prescription behavior were seen between regions and physician groups. CONCLUSION: Psoriasis is an important economic and medical issue. The majority of insured @entity1 take prescription therapies. Dermatologists are most often the first health care provider.

title: Processes of XXXX health care in Germany--long-term analysis of data from the statutory health insurances.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: AIM: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of @entity26236 (DS) in @entity95 plasma and investigate its pharmacokinetic characteristics after intravenous administration. METHODS: @entity26237 was used as internal standard. The plasma samples were deproteinated with @entity1626 and extracted with two-step @entity1044 . @entity1626 -water- @entity1040 (18:82:0.28, pH 3) was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL.min-1. The UV-detector was set at 284 nm. RESULTS: The linear range was 0.05-20.00 micrograms.h.mL-1 with correlation coefficients 0.9996. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.05 mg.L-1 of plasma. The absolute and relative recoveries were above 80% and (101 +/- 5)%, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation were 1.9%-5.6% and 3.5%-6.5%, respectively. The plasma concentration-time profiles were adequately described by a two-compartment open model. CONCLUSION: A sensitive, precise and accurate method for the determination of DS in plasma was described, which can be used in its pharmacokinetic studies.

title: [Determination of XXXX in @entity95 plasma and study on its pharmacokinetics].

entities_list: @entity1040 :: ('MESH:C016162', 'Chemical') :: ['triethylamine']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity26237 :: ('MESH:C035934', 'Chemical') :: ['Dauricine']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetonitrile', 'acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity26236 :: ('MESH:C023968', 'Chemical') :: ['daurisoline']

answer: @entity26236 :: (MESH:C023968,Chemical) :: ['daurisoline']


abstract: We report a 12-year follow-up study of @entity1 with febrile convulsions (FCs). The National General Practice Study of @entity302 (NGPSE) is a large prospective community-based cohort study of 1,195 @entity1 of all ages from first presentation with an identified @entity410 . Two hundred and twenty @entity1 with a first febrile @entity410 were identified from the above study between 1984 and 1987. @entity1 were prospectively followed up to ascertain subsequent @entity410 , @entity16 and treatment. Two hundred and seven @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 8.4 years (median 11.2 years). In the FC cohort, 6% of the @entity1 developed subsequent @entity302 , which compares with a population risk of about 1.4%. Ten percent had neurological sequelae. Eleven percent of the @entity1 had received medication to prevent recurrence of FC, and in one third of these cases, this was for simple FCs. Using a time-dependent covariate Cox proportional hazards model, the number of FCs was associated with an increased risk of @entity302 (hazard ratio 2.48; 95% confidence limits, CL 1.68, 3.65) up to a limit of 4. A statistically significant association between occurrence of complex FC and subsequent @entity302 was not found, but a review of other studies quantified the odds ratio for @entity302 after a complex first FC as 3.4 (95% CL 2.1, 5.4). @entity302 is a significant if infrequent sequel to FCs. Factors associated with subsequent @entity302 are the number of FCs or a complex first FC. Overtreatment of this condition continues.

title: @entity410 in 220 XXXX --neurological sequelae at 12 years follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsion']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological problems']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']