abstract: Thrombocyte aggregation was investigated, according to Born, in 14 @entity1 who underwent abdominal hysterectomy due to benign illness. The @entity1 received dextran 60 and @entity11949 as prophylactic therapy for early and late @entity1031 . The following results were obtained: 1. The ability of the thrombocytes to aggregate was reduced by half, 2 hours postoperatively, after administration of dextran 60, and remained at this level during the first postoperative day. This action was independent of the concentration and type of agent used in the aggregation test. The original values were attained again on the 4th postoperative day. The speed and force of desaggregation showed reverse behaviour. 2. Results bore no relationships to the age of the @entity1 . 3. This combined prophylactic therapy with macrodex (500 ml intraoperatively) and sintrom (from the 1st postoperative day) seems to give adequate protection in both the intra- and postoperative risk phases.

title: [Thrombocyte aggregation after abdominal hysterectomy with combined prevention of XXXX using 6% macrodex and sintrom].

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity11949 :: ('MESH:C068805', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxycoumarin']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: Superficial colonic cells were taken from normal-appearing mucosa at 2, 5, and 10 cm proximal and distal to @entity14 margins in 37 @entity1 . The DNA ploidy and proliferative pattern of each sample were determined using flow cytometry. In 11 @entity1 , histology of mucosal sections from the same sites also was analyzed. We found a higher frequency of @entity2007 than previously reported in mucosa up to 10 cm from a @entity14 ; 62% (23/37) of the primary @entity5 were @entity2007 , and of these, 48% (11/23) were associated with adjacent @entity2007 . The mucosa adjacent to the 14 @entity5 had only diploid characteristics. The proliferative activity (as reflected by synthetic (S) phase fraction) of @entity5 (21.1 +/- 2.0% SEM) and @entity2007 as far as 10 cm away (21.2 +/- 2.1% SEM) was higher than in normal controls (10.2 +/- 0.7% SEM) (P less than 0.0005). Parallel cytology excluded shed @entity5 cells as an explanation for these findings. Histology showed diffuse, generally mild and reactive, @entity10900 in eight of 11 @entity1 . Ploidy did not correlate with @entity854 . The findings of @entity2007 and high S-phase fraction in uninvolved superficial mucosa provide evidence for a @entity2194 in mucosa adjacent to @entity14 and support the concept that the large bowel mucosa behaves as a unit in @entity105 .

title: Abnormal DNA ploidy and proliferative patterns in superficial colonic epithelium adjacent to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['field defect']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid mucosa', 'aneuploidy', 'aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diploid cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'aneuploid cancers']

entities_list: @entity10900 :: ('MESH:D009056', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['histologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: A 28-day repeated oral dose @entity137 study of @entity1301 (NP) was performed for an international validation of the 'Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407' paying particular attention to the sensitivity of individual endocrine-related parameters. @entity35 , each group consisting of ten males and ten females, were administered NP once daily by gavage at doses of 0 (control), 10, 50, or 250 mg/kg body weight. At 250 mg/kg, three females died or became moribund during the experiment. At this dose, hepatic and @entity8 was evident in both sexes with @entity409 as well as histopathological changes, such as centrilobular liver cell @entity1184 and a variety of @entity8 , and alteration of serum biochemical parameters, some of them being evident from 50 mg/kg in females ( @entity413 and inorganic @entity6546 ). Hematologically, development of @entity417 was evident at 250 mg/kg in both sexes. Regarding endocrine-related effects, increase of thyroid weight in males was detected from 50 mg/kg. At 250 mg/kg, males exhibited reduction of relative weights of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles, and females developed irregular estrous cyclicity and @entity33 . Although changes in serum hormone levels were detected in both sexes, magnitude of the changes was small to be regarded as a low toxicological significance. In summary, repeated oral doses of NP to @entity35 for 28 days resulted in @entity8 from 50 mg/kg and @entity417 at 250 mg/kg. Effects on the endocrine system were observed from 50 mg/kg, and assessment of weights and histopathology of endocrine-related organs and estrous cyclicity may be valid in a battery for detecting endocrine effects of NP. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of NP was estimated to be 10 mg/kg per day.

title: A repeated 28-day oral dose @entity137 study of XXXX in @entity35 , based on the 'Enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407' for screening of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity', 'renal tubular lesions', 'hepato-renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['increase of relative liver and kidney weights']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal mucosal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1301 :: ('MESH:C025256', 'Chemical') :: ['nonylphenol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1301 :: (MESH:C025256,Chemical) :: ['nonylphenol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of two different types of vaginal @entity1420 (P), @entity26602 8% gel (Fleet Laboratories Ltd., Watford, United Kingdom) and Utrogestan capsules (Laboratories Besins International, Paris, France), used for luteal support after in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: In Vitro Fertilization Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia. @entity1 : A total of 285 @entity1 aged < or =37 years undergoing IVF-embryo transfer treatment. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were treated with either @entity26602 8% vaginal P gel (90 mg) administered daily, or Utrogestan vaginal capsules (2 x 100 mg) administered three times daily. @entity1420 was administered from the day of oocyte retrieval (day 0) to menses or, in a case of pregnancy, until week 12. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical pregnancy rate. The tolerability and acceptability of both preparations were determined by a questionnaire given to @entity1 . RESULTS: The similar rates of clinical pregnancies (33.1% vs. 30.9%) [corrected] were obtained by using either @entity26602 8% vaginal P gel or Utrogestan vaginal capsules. Overall tolerability and acceptability were significantly better in the @entity26602 group than in the Utrogestan group. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of the two vaginal P formulations was nearly the same, but the tolerability and acceptability of @entity26602 8% gel were superior, in the opinion of @entity1 .

title: Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of two vaginal XXXX formulations, @entity26602 8% gel and Utrogestan capsules, used for luteal support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate strains of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and Streptococci for their ability to produce conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) from free @entity4722 (LA). METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight dairy bacteria tolerant to LA were grown in @entity7748 broth containing LA (200 microg ml(-1)) and CLA was assessed. Seven bacteria were able to form CLA after 24 h of incubation, varying percentage conversion between 17% and 36%. @entity10263 casei, @entity10263 , @entity1335 and @entity5858 showed the highest LA conversion and were inoculated into buffalo milk supplemented with different concentration of LA. The production of CLA at 200 microg ml(-1) of LA was two- or threefold in milk than @entity7748 broth. All evaluated strains were able to produce CLA from high LA levels (1000 microg ml(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: The most tolerant strain to LA was Lact. casei. Lacttobacillus @entity10263 produced the maximum level of CLA at high LA concentrations (800 microg ml(-1)). The selected bacteria may be considered as adjunct cultures to be included on dairy fermented products manufacture. Low concentration of LA must be added to the medium to enhance CLA formation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The production of CLA by strains using milks from regional farms as medium offer a possible mechanism to enhance this beneficial compound in dairy products and those the possibility to develop functional foods.

title: Conjugated XXXX conversion by dairy bacteria cultured in @entity7748 broth and buffalo milk.

entities_list: @entity10263 :: ('47715', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus rhamnosus', 'rhamnosus']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity1335 :: ('1681', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium bifidum']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Genetic studies have raised the possibility of common bases for cognitive @entity74 such as @entity15838 ( @entity15838 ), @entity5545 ( @entity5545 ) and @entity73 ( @entity73 ). Thus, some of the same genes may jointly influence cognitive components within and between these three disorders. We examined the plausibility of this theory in a sample of families ascertained on the basis of a @entity1 with @entity15838 . METHODS: Using the method of generalized estimating equations to solve a bivariate family predictive model we obtained measures of comorbidity and @entity1423 of @entity15838 and @entity73 . We then used two methods of multipoint model-free linkage analysis to evaluate @entity15838 and @entity73 psychometric test measures over a region previously implicated in linkage studies of @entity5545 , @entity42682 region, 1p34-p36. RESULTS: Bivariate phenotypic analyses show evidence of comorbidity and within family aggregation and coaggregation of @entity15838 and @entity73 . In addition, two regions on chromosome 1 show suggestive evidence of linkage. The first region was previously reported in @entity5545 studies. Our maximum linkage signal in this region measured articulation (p = 0.0009) in @entity15838 sibling pairs. The second region is characterized by processes involved in language production, with the maximum linkage signal measuring listening comprehension (p = 0.0019) using all sibling pairs. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the @entity42682 region could bear genes controlling pleiotropic effects on @entity15838 , @entity73 and @entity5545 .

title: Further evidence of pleiotropy influencing speech and language: analysis of the XXXX region.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['familial aggregation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['linguistic disorders']

entities_list: @entity15838 :: ('MESH:C563928', 'Disease') :: ['SSD', 'speech sound disorder']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'reading disorder', 'dyslexia']

answer: @entity42682 :: (406874,Gene) :: ['DYX8']


abstract: To study @entity41 ( @entity41 ) in @entity1778 , we transferred the @entity526 genes encoding beta-galactosidase (lacZ) and @entity5154 resistance (neo(r)) into the subline LT12 of the Brown @entity35 acute @entity2800 (BNML), employing the retroviral BAG vector. In this way @entity1778 cells were genetically marked. Ten independent cell lines were characterized during in vitro growth as well as during two subsequent in vivo passages for expression of neo(r) for which the @entity5154 analogue G418 was used, and for lacZ expression for which the substrate @entity12529 (X-gal) was used. Out of 10 lines, four revealed permanent high expression of lacZ in all cells. In four other lines greatly varying lacZ expression between the individual cells from these lines was observed. In the remaining two lines lacZ expression was gradually lost. In contrast, neo(r) expression was gradually lost in eight out of the 10 lines, particularly rapidly during in vivo passaging. In the remaining two lines neo(r) expression was retained. The genetic modification did not alter the in vitro leukemogenicity of the cells. Long term in vivo expression of neo(r) and lacZ was followed in two selected lines up to 12 subsequent passages, i.e. one from the group of homogeneous high lacZ expression and one from the group of heterogeneous lacZ expression. In both lines lacZ expression was retained whereas neo(r) expression was rapidly lost after the third passage. The feasibility of using genetically marked @entity1778 cells for studies of @entity41 ( @entity41 ) was explored by injecting @entity35 with @entity1778 cells, treating them with chemotherapy at full blown @entity1778 development to reduce the @entity5 load, mimicking the induction of a state of @entity41 and studying lacZ expression at relapse. LacZ expression was evident in 100% of the cells whereas neo(r) expression was lost in a considerable fraction. These results indicate that the viral vector BAG can be used to mark @entity1778 cells genetically although a selection of clones with the desired stability of long-term expression is required.

title: Retrovirus-mediated transfer and expression of marker genes in the BN @entity35 acute @entity2800 model for the study of @entity41 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity12529 :: ('MESH:C044888', 'Chemical') :: ['5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Norway rat', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['MRD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heparin remains the drug most commonly used for anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs). However, in @entity1 with @entity49 , heparin is insufficient or, in cases with an increased risk of @entity548 or @entity882 , it may be contraindicated. @entity4770 , a potent vasodilator, antithrombotic and antiplatelet agent, could be an alternative. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied the records of @entity1 treated under continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in an academic tertiary hospital of 900 beds, between January 2000 and June 2003. @entity4770 was prescribed to @entity1 with (i) @entity49 , defined as consumption of 2 or more filters in the last 24 hours; (ii) low platelet count; or (iii) recent severe @entity548 . RESULTS: Thirty-eight out of 248 (15%) @entity1 who were under CRRT received @entity4770 for more than 72 hours. @entity4770 was indicated due to @entity49 in 48%, @entity882 in 68% (7 @entity1 both) and @entity548 in 3% of cases. The overall time for @entity4770 therapy was 9,749 hours. The mean filter duration previous to @entity4770 was 23 +/- 12 hours and after administering this drug 38.2 +/- 11.9 hours (p = 0.0001). In 6 @entity1 , heparin and @entity4770 were simultaneously administered. The adverse effects were @entity548 , which presented in 7 @entity1 (18%) and a fall in blood pressure in another 7 (18%), which recovered in the next 24 hour after starting treatment. Cost analysis demonstrates some advantage with @entity4770 in @entity1 with increased tendency to clotting. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4770 may be safely used to prevent clotting of the extracorporeal circuits, either alone in @entity1 with @entity882 and/or increased risk of @entity548 , or in combination with heparin in states of @entity49 .

title: Role of @entity4770 ( XXXX ) as anticoagulant in continuous renal replacement therapies: efficacy, security and cost analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['filter hypercoagulability', 'hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Epoprostenol', 'epoprostenol']

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['epoprostenol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment of @entity6651 by closed pleural drainage using a central venous catheter (CVC), compared with using a conventional chest tube. METHODS: A prospective controlled study with the Ethics Committee approval was undertaken. A total of 407 @entity1 with @entity6651 were involved and they were randomly assigned to undergo closed pleural drainage with CVCs (n=214) or conventional chest tubes (n=193). The Seldinger technique was used for drainage by CVC, and the conventional technique for drainage by chest tube. If the residual volume of the hemothorax was less than 200 ml after the daily volume of drainage decreased to below 100 ml for two consecutive days, the treatment was considered successful. The correlative data of efficacy and safety between the two groups were analyzed using t or chi-squared tests with SPSS 13.0. A P value of less than 0.05 was taken as indicating statistical significance. RESULTS: Compared with the chest tube group, the operation time, fraction of analgesic treatment, time of surgical wound healing, and @entity281 rate of surgical wounds were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the CVC group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the success rate of treatment and the incidence of serious complications (P>0.05), or in the mean catheter/tube indwelling time and mean medical costs of @entity1 treated successfully (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Management of medium or large traumatic hemothoraxes by closed thoracic drainage using CVC is minimally invasive and as effective as using a conventional large-bore chest tube. Its complications can be prevented and it has the potential to replace the large-bore chest tube.

title: Management of XXXX by closed thoracic drainage using a central venous catheter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6651 :: ('MESH:D006491', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic hemothorax']

answer: @entity6651 :: (MESH:D006491,Disease) :: ['traumatic hemothorax']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate immunity induced by a multivalent vaccine containing a US @entity160 serovar Hardjo type hardjo bovis ( @entity43471 ) isolate in heifers challenged 12 months after vaccination. DESIGN: Prospective vaccine challenge study. ANIMALS: 36 one-month old Holstein heifers. PROCEDURES: 18 heifers were vaccinated at 4 and 8 weeks of age with an inactivated vaccine containing @entity160 fractions. Additionally, 18 heifers were vaccinated at the same age with the same vaccine without any @entity160 fractions. All heifers were challenged with a US-origin @entity43471 12 months following booster vaccination. Urine samples were collected weekly for 8 weeks after challenge, and serum was collected at -1, 28, and 56 days after challenge for serologic testing. At 8 weeks after challenge, all heifers were necropsied, and kidney and reproductive system samples were collected for bacteriologic culture. RESULTS: 4 of 18 vaccinates had positive results of bacteriologic culture of urine samples, but only at 1 time point. All control heifers had positive results of bacteriologic culture of urine samples for at least 5 time points. Vaccinates had negative results of bacteriologic culture of kidney and reproductive system samples following necropsy, whereas all control heifers had positive results of bacteriologic culture of kidney samples and 5 of 18 had positive results of bacteriologic culture of reproductive system samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The vaccine administered to @entity291 at 1 month of age prevented leptospire colonization of kidney and reproductive system tissue and significantly reduced urine shedding following challenge 12 months after vaccination. This vaccine provides an opportunity to protect @entity291 at an early age from becoming infected and ultimately from becoming an @entity43471 reservoir.

title: Immunity in heifers 12 months after vaccination with a multivalent vaccine containing a United States XXXX serovar Hardjo isolate.

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Species') :: ['Leptospira', 'Leptospira borgpetersenii']

answer: @entity160 :: (174,Species) :: ['Leptospira borgpetersenii']


abstract: @entity2280 and @entity21939 ( @entity21939 ) antibodies delineate subsets of embryonic dendritic stromal stem cells that persist in adult mesenchyme. @entity2280 stains interstitial and adventitial dendritic cells that may function as multipotential precursor cells. @entity21939 + dendrophages are tissue histiocytes active in tissue repair. @entity28219 ( @entity28219 ) is an enigmatic @entity5 with limited vascular features. We examined an @entity8650 from the nasolabial subcutis of a 57 year old @entity1 that showed histologic features of @entity28219 . Most of the @entity5 cells expressed @entity2280 . 10-30% of the @entity5 cells were @entity21939 + dendrophages. Sinusoidal areas were largely composed of @entity21939 + cells that also expressed HLA-DR and @entity469 suggesting macrophage differentiation. @entity2279 and Factor VIII antigen highlighted capillaries and single cells among the @entity2280 + @entity5 cells. The vessels had actin+ myopericytes and there were single actin+ @entity5 cells. Electron microscopy showed primitive dendritic cells and fewer histiocyte-like cells. The Ki 67 index was 15% including both @entity21939 + and @entity2280 + cells. The @entity1 is disease free three years after wide excision. We conclude that this @entity28219 -like @entity5 is a @entity5 in which @entity2280 + fibroblast-like precursors and @entity21939 + tissue dendrophages combine to build both sinusoidal tissue with endothelial and macrophage elements as well as capillary vascular tissue that is invested with myopericytes. Study of additional @entity28219 lesions from this standpoint is desirable.

title: An @entity8650 with features of @entity28219 malignant fibrous histiocytoma composed of bimodal @entity2280 and @entity21939 positive dendritic cell subsets. XXXX and @entity21939 in @entity28219 MFH.

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['unusual soft tissue tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['fibrohistiocytic tumor', 'tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity28219 :: ('MESH:C563181', 'Disease') :: ['AMFH', 'Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: The morphologic structure of anorganic dental @entity1608 was studied by means of the scanning electron microscope. From surface observations, @entity1608 is apparently composed of two components with distinguishable patters of @entity730 . One component is formed by the precipitation of minute calcific crystals on microorganisms and intermicrobial substances (plaque matrix). Such calcified masses, often spherical in shape, have a sponge-like appearance with empty spaces representing the former sites of entombed and degenerated organisms. Thus, intracellular @entity730 is not evident at this stage of @entity1608 development. The other component, although having at least one common @entity730 front with the former, does not appear to be directly associated with microbial @entity730 . It exhibits a configuration of generally larger crystal growths of varying shapes and sizes. These two @entity730 patterns are comparable, both in distribution and size, to what has been observed by means of the transmission electron microscope, and what Schroeder has designated as "types A _ B centers of mineralization," respectively. The calcific precipitation in type A centers have been identified by X-ray diffraction as @entity692 . It is, therefore, speculated that the crystal patters in type B centers might represent other known forms of @entity460 phosphates present in @entity1608 , such as @entity38106 , @entity38107 and @entity18205 .

title: Scanning electron microscopy of dental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity38106 :: ('MESH:C022045', 'Chemical') :: ['octacalcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity38107 :: ('MESH:C021767', 'Chemical') :: ['whitlockite']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1608 :: (MESH:D002137,Disease) :: ['calculus']


abstract: Since 1969, we have investigated epidemiological studies of @entity65 in the suburbs of Iwamizawa city in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. Cross-sectional surveys of 1,092 @entity1 , equivalent to 90.3% of inhabitants over 40 years of age, revealed that the prevalence of @entity101 amounted to 34%, and that the prevalence of abnormal ECG, @entity8982 , fundi, @entity633 , @entity15157 and overweight in the @entity101 group were significantly higher than in the normotensive group. After a 5-year cohort follow-up study concerning the incidence of @entity64 and @entity299 , age was found to be the highest risk factor in both incidents and @entity101 was the second highest in @entity64 , but not so high in @entity299 . In addition, we measured plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) as a risk factor. On the basis of our observations, it is evident that the casual PRA of the rural Japanese population in Hokkaido, who usually excrete sodium more than 200 mEq per day, is valuable for our study. PRA was inversely proportional to systolic blood pressure in the normotensives and total group, but no correlation was found in the @entity101 alone. Observing 13 @entity916 -determined accidents (8 @entity64 _ 5 @entity299 ) prospectively, incidence of @entity64 and @entity299 occurred more frequently in the high- and low- @entity916 subgroups than in the normal- @entity916 subgroup. Based on multivariate analysis, the following conclusion was drawn: systolic pressure, high @entity916 , diastolic pressure and low @entity916 , in this sequence, contribute largely toward the discrimination of cerebro-cardiovascular accident from no cerebro-cardiovascular accident. Thus it was suggested that the casual PRA was useful to predict the occurrence of @entity455 , in addition to the existence of @entity101 . It has been said that the mortality rate of CVA in Hokkaido is less than the average of the rest of northern parts in Japan. By the vital statistics and our survey, it was clear that seasonal variation of the @entity204 rate from CVA and @entity299 , which increases in the winter season, is weaker in Hokkaido than in Honshu. It is of interest to speculate that it is due to better-equipped heating in houses in Hokkaido than in other northern parts of Honshu.

title: [Epidemiological survey of XXXX at Iwamizawa in Hokkaido (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'strokes']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack', 'heart attacks']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cerebro-cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cerebro-cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: Our objective was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae causing @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in adults in Africa. The PubMed database was systematically searched to identify relevant studies published after 2000. Google, World Health Organization, and African Field Epidemiology networks were also searched. Twenty-eight studies, accounting for 381,899 urine isolates from 14 African countries, met the inclusion criteria. @entity526 , @entity4005 spp., and @entity795 spp. were the most commonly encountered uropathogens. @entity3524 , @entity2892 , @entity8912 , and @entity2177 were the antibiotics with the highest activity against @entity526 isolates from outpatients, with susceptibility being 92 to 99, 100, 100, and 68 to 91%, respectively. The susceptibility among @entity4005 spp. isolates from outpatients varied from 80 to 100% for @entity4509 and from 53 to 100% for @entity2177 , while susceptibility was 74 to 78, 97, and 77% for @entity2177 , @entity4509 , and @entity8912 , respectively, among @entity4005 species isolates from inpatients or @entity1 with hospital-acquired @entity293 . With regard to @entity795 spp., the highest activity was observed among @entity2887 ; 71 to 100% of the @entity9700 isolates were susceptible to @entity2177 in four studies, and 74 to 100% of the @entity19321 isolates were susceptible to @entity800 in two studies. The currently available evidence suggests that the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae uropathogens in African countries were similar to those in countries of southeast Europe. Further original studies are warranted from African countries for which there is limited published data.

title: Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae causing XXXX in Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) have been implicated in the aetiology of several pathological and @entity179 . The protective effect of natural products possessing antioxidant properties has played a crucial role in ameliorating these deleterious effects. This study investigated the chemoprotective properties of the methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina ( @entity40103 ) in an experimental model of @entity2469 ( @entity19594 )-induced @entity1 erythrocyte lysis in vitro. Haemolysis was induced by incubating erythrocytes with @entity19594 (2 and 3   mM) in vitro. Samples of erythrocyte suspensions were removed at different intervals over a 6-h period, and the degree of haemolysis was measured. The anti-haemolytic effect of @entity40103 at 25-150     g   ml(-1) concentrations on the samples were assessed and compared with Triton X-100. Administration of @entity19594 at 2- and 3-mM concentrations significantly (p   <   0.05) induced erythrocyte lysis by 37.5% and 31.4%, respectively. The addition of @entity40103 , however, reduced @entity19594 -induced erythrocyte lysis significantly (p   <   0.05) by 39.3%, 48.4%, 67.3% and 73.4% at 25, 50, 100 and 150   g   ml(-1) concentrations, respectively. @entity40103 likewise protected against @entity19594 -induced lipid peroxidation significantly (p   <   0.05) at 100 and 150     g   ml(-1) by the fourth   hour and non-significantly (p   >   0.05) at all concentrations by the sixth hour. The reduced @entity2041 level was, however, increased with the administration of @entity19594 , while a delayed addition of @entity40103 had no protective effect on the @entity19594 -induced cell lysis. These findings therefore suggest that @entity40103 may have protective antioxidant properties, making it suitable for incorporation into food and drug products.

title: Modulatory effect of methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina ( XXXX ) on @entity2469 -induced erythrocyte haemolysis.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['tert-butyl hydroperoxide']

answer: @entity40103 :: (MESH:C039323,Chemical) :: ['MEVA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity571 is a @entity179 and is the most common type of @entity625 in the elderly. There are only a few reports regarding the use of @entity6383 in the treatment of @entity571 . METHODS: To investigate the effects of @entity6383 on the symptoms of mild to moderate @entity626 (Kellgren and Lawrence grade II and III), we performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 44 @entity1 . The @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups: one group received @entity6383 pills (200 mg twice daily) and the other group received placebo pills. Symptoms were assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) at baseline and at the end of weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. RESULTS: Approximately, 98% of the @entity1 were @entity1 at an average age of 47 years. There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. In the placebo group, maximum improvement occurred at the 4(th) week; and during the remaining time, there was no significant improvement. In the @entity6383 group, maximum improvement occurred at the 8(th) week and persisted over the entire remaining follow-up period. There were significant differences between the two groups regarding the degree of reduction in the WOMAC total score and the WOMAC subscales scores of @entity158 , stiffness, and function at the end of weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. CONCLUSION: @entity6383 conferred significant improvement in the symptoms of mild to moderate @entity626 in our @entity1 and may, accordingly, be recommended for @entity626 treatment.

title: The effect of XXXX on symptoms of @entity626 : a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative joint disorder of articular cartilage']

answer: @entity6383 :: (MESH:D006886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxychloroquine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the cytologic findings of localized Leishmania @entity3298 and discuss the differential diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of 133 cases. All of them were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) study. The ages ranged between 3 and 80 years, 102 were male and 31 female. Seventy lymph nodes were excised. RESULTS: The FNA smears revealed a polymorphic population of cells composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes, giant cells, abnormal plasma cells and tingible body macrophages. Leishman-Donovan (LD) bodies were identified in all cases, but their number differed from case to case. @entity738 , dendritic cells, mast cells and lymphoglandular bodies were identified in a substantial number of cases. Depending upon the presence of characteristic cytologic findings, the cases were divided into five major groups: acute @entity32 with giant cells, histiocytic @entity738 , epithelioid cell @entity738 , plasma cell type and mixed histioplasmacytic type. CONCLUSION: @entity232 is an uncommon cause of cervical @entity3298 but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained @entity3329 in endemic countries. Demonstration of LD bodies is necessary for the diagnosis of this self-limited condition, for which no treatment is required.

title: Subclassification of localized Leishmania XXXX in fine needle aspiration smears.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomas', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity3298 :: (MESH:D008199,Disease) :: ['lymphadenitis']


abstract: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) represents one of the @entity5 , with an overall life expectancy of 6 months. Despite considerable advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis of @entity1124 , the outcome of the disease was not significantly improved over the last 20 years. Although some achievements in molecular-targeted therapies have been made (that is, targeting the @entity470 by @entity3866 ), which already entered clinical settings, and despite the promising outcome of the FOLFIRINOX trial, there is an urgent need for improvement of the chemotherapy in this disease. A plethora of molecular alterations are thought to be responsible for the profound chemoresistance, including mutations in oncogenes and @entity5 suppressors. Besides these classical hallmarks of @entity5 , the constitutive or inducible activity of transcription factor pathways are characteristic changes in @entity1124 . Recently, three transcription factors-nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 ( @entity13791 )-have been shown to be crucial for @entity5 development and chemoresistance in @entity788 . These transcription factors are key regulators of a variety of genes involved in nearly all aspects of tumorigenesis and resistance against chemotherapeutics and death receptor ligands. Furthermore, the pathways of NF-kB, NFAT and @entity13791 are functional, interacting on several regulatory steps, and, especially, natural compounds such as @entity6108 interfere with more than one pathway. Thus, targeting these pathways by established inhibitors or new drugs might have great potential to improve the outcome of @entity1124 @entity1 , most likely in combination with established anticancer drugs. In this article, we summarize recent progress in the characterization of these transcription-factor pathways and their role in @entity1124 and therapy resistance. We also discuss future concepts for the treatment of @entity1124 relying on these pathways.

title: The 'N-factors' in XXXX : functional relevance of NF-kB, NFAT and @entity13791 in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deadliest malignancies', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: alpha(v)beta(3)-Integrin receptors are upregulated in @entity731 arteries and play a key role in smooth muscle cell and possibly inflammatory cell migration. We hypothesized that after balloon angioplasty (BA) of @entity731 arteries, selective inhibition of the alpha(v)beta(3)-receptor by @entity24361 , a small-molecule, non-peptide-selective alpha(v)beta(3)-receptor antagonist, would reduce @entity256 . METHODS AND RESULTS: After induction of focal @entity731 , @entity95 underwent femoral BA and received @entity24361 (2.5 mg/kg IV bolus plus 2.5 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) IV; n=19) or vehicle (n=20) for 14 days. At 28 days after BA, the @entity24361 group had a larger lumen (0.75+/-0.26 versus 0.57+/-0.20 mm(2), P=0.03) and a smaller neointimal area (0.49+/-0.18 versus 0.68+/-0.25 mm(2), P=0.01) than the vehicle group. Angiographic analysis confirmed a 30% to 40% reduction in @entity256 . Arteries harvested at 28 days after BA did not show a reduction in intima plus media smooth muscle cell content but did show a 50% reduction in macrophage cell density in the @entity24361 group (716+/-452 versus 1458+/-989 cells/mm(2), P<0.006). Neovessel density at 28 days was also reduced (23+/-42 versus 58+/-46 vessel cross sections/mm(2), P<0.02). Early after BA (ie, 3 to 7 days), there was a decrease in @entity12048 expression, indicative of a reduction in vascular cell activation. CONCLUSIONS: Selective alpha(v)beta(3)-receptor blockade for 14 days after BA in the focally @entity731 @entity95 significantly reduced @entity256 and limited macrophage infiltration and neovascularization in the vessel wall.

title: Selective alpha(v)beta(3)-receptor blockade reduces macrophage infiltration and XXXX after balloon angioplasty in the @entity731 @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity12048 :: ('100008901(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: Substrate films of starch, RNA, and DNA were used to identify the isoenzymes of amylase, RNAase, and DNAase found in @entity1 ductal pancreatic juice subjected to isoelectric focusing. The pancreatic secretions from 15 @entity1 were shown to contain as many as four isoenzymes of RNAase; the two major forms had isoelectric points of 7.87 and 7.52, and the two minor forms, of 7.25 and 6.90. Six DNAase bands were detected; the major bands had pI values of 4.86 and 4.79, and sometimes appeared as one band. The minor bands had pI values of 5.08, 5.00, 4.68, and 4.58. Purified @entity291 DNAase I, analyzed similarly, showed four bands (5.29, 5.19, 5.04 and 4.96). Nine isoenzymes of alpha-amylase were observed in the secretions from 15 @entity1 . The major alpha-amylase isoenzyme had a pI value of 6.84 in 14 @entity1 and of 7.04 in 1 @entity1 . Secondary bands were seen with pI values of 6.23, 6.53 and 6.69. Additional isoenzymes were found with pI values of 7.16, 6.39, 6.00 and 5.78. The amylase isoenzyme with a pI value of 6.39 was found in 7 of the 8 @entity1 with a normal pancreas or @entity788 , and in only 1 of 7 @entity1 with acute or chronic @entity788 .

title: Cancer, XXXX , and the detection of the isoenzymes of DNAase, RNAase and amylase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas', 'pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether sphincter-saving surgery combined with preoperative radiotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can compare successfully with abdominoperineal resection in the treatment of very low lying @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Two groups of @entity1 were studied. Group I included 65 @entity1 (T2-3 N0-2 M0) with very low lying @entity5 treated since 1995 by a sphincter- saving surgical procedure. All of them received preoperatively external radiotherapy and postoperatively adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 . This group was prospectively evaluated. Group II included 122 @entity1 with the same @entity5 stage and location as Group I, who were treated by abdominoperineal resection and were retrospectively evaluated. The rate of local recurrence was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: In Group I @entity1 the local recurrence rate was 13.84% (9 @entity1 ) for a period ranging from 6 months to the end of the second year after the operation. This group of @entity1 were followed up to 60 months after the initial treatment. The local recurrence rate in Group II @entity1 was 17.21% (21 @entity1 ; p >0.05). CONCLUSION: We consider that sphincter-preserving surgery combined with preoperative radiotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy represents a successful alternative to abdominoperineal resection of very low lying @entity420 .

title: Is there an alternative approach to abdominoperineal resection for the treatment of very low lying XXXX ? Five-year results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Endothelial cells provide an antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory barrier for the normal vessel wall. Dysfunction of endothelial cells has been shown to promote @entity731 , and normalization of previously dysfunctional endothelial cells can inhibit the genesis of @entity1856 . In normal arteries, endothelial cells are remarkably quiescent. Acceleration of the turnover rate of endothelial cells can lead to their dysfunction. Apoptosis is a physiological process that contributes to vessel homeostasis, by eliminating damaged cells from the vessel wall. However, increased endothelial cell turnover mediated through accelerated apoptosis may alter the function of the endothelium and therefore, promote @entity731 . Apoptotic endothelial cells can be detected on the luminal surface of @entity731 coronary vessels, but not in normal vessels. This finding links endothelial cell apoptosis and the process of @entity731 , although a causative role for apoptosis in this process remains hypothetical. @entity172 metabolites have been shown to be among the most potent anti-atherogenic agents available to date for post-menopausal @entity1 . The mechanism of @entity172 's protective effect is currently incompletely characterized. Here we show that @entity53 , a key @entity172 metabolite, inhibits apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells. Our data support the hypothesis that @entity53 's anti-apoptotic effect may be mediated via improved endothelial cell interaction with the substratum, increased @entity669 phosphorylation of pp125 focal adhesion kinase, and a subsequent reduction in programmed cell death of endothelial cells. Inhibition of apoptosis by @entity172 may account for some of the anti-atherogenic properties of these compounds.

title: XXXX inhibits apoptosis of endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['17beta-estradiol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1086 is frequently discovered incidentally on pathologic examination of the specimen after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) performed for presumed "benign" disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of excision of port-sites from the initial LC for @entity1 with incidental @entity1086 (IGBC) in a French registry. METHODS: Data on @entity1 with IGBC identified after LC between 1998 and 2008 were retrospectively collated in a French multicenter database. Among those @entity1 undergoing re-operation with curative intent, @entity1 with @entity3337 ( @entity3337 ) were compared with @entity1 without @entity3337 and analyzed for differences in recurrence patterns and survival. RESULTS: Among 218 @entity1 with IGBC after LC (68 @entity1 , 150 @entity1 , median age 64 years), 148 underwent re-resection with curative intent; 54 @entity1 had @entity3337 and 94 did not. Both groups were comparable with regard to demographic data (gender, age > 70, co-morbidities), surgical procedures (major resection, lymphadenectomy, main bile duct resection) and postoperative morbidity. In the @entity3337 group, depth of @entity5 invasion was T1b in six, T2 in 24, T3 in 22, and T4 in two; this was not significantly different from @entity1 without @entity3337 (P = 0.69). Port-site metastasis was observed in only one (2%) @entity1 with a T3 @entity5 who died with peritoneal @entity3 15 months after resection. @entity3337 did not improve the overall survival (77%, 58%, 21% at 1, 3, 5 years, respectively) compared to @entity1 with no @entity3337 (78%, 55%, 33% at 1, 3, 5 years, respectively, P = 0.37). Eight percent of @entity1 developed incisional @entity547 at the port-site after excision. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with IGBC, @entity3337 was not associated with improved survival and should not be considered mandatory during definitive surgical treatment.

title: Is port-site resection necessary in the surgical management of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder carcinoma', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['port-site excision', 'PSE']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: The objective of this retrospective epidemiological study was to identify the characteristics of burn injuries of @entity302 @entity1 in Korea, with the goal of developing programs to prevent or reduce the frequency and morbidity of such injuries. We reviewed the medical records of 34 acutely burned, @entity302 @entity1 who were admitted to a single regional burn center unit during the 7 years between January 1997 and April 2003, all of whom had been burned during an @entity302 . The most commonly associated @entity410 type was generalized tonic-clonic, followed by absence and complex partial. Females predominated in all age groups. There were more @entity410 in the morning hours between 3 and 10 am. The mean age was 43 +/- 16 years. @entity410 occurred at home, while the @entity1 was conducting daily household chores. Scalding was the most common injury, leaving small-but-deep wounds that required a mean hospital stay of 37 +/- 27 days. Typically, upper limbs and trunk were affected. To implement a successful burns injury-prevention program, @entity1 with @entity302 should be better recognized as a high-risk group. Specific passive as well as active recommendations are suggested based on the epidemiologic features of @entity302 @entity1 in Korea.

title: Burns in XXXX : seven years of experience from the Hallym Burn Center in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder', 'epileptic seizure', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic-seizure']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship between GH concentrations and free insulin concentrations, used as an index of insulin sensitivity, before and after recombinant @entity1 insulin-like growth factor I (RhIGF-I) administration in adolescents with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). DESIGN AND @entity1 : @entity2124 concentrations were assessed by a peak detection programme (Pulsar) on a control night (2000 h-0800 h) and a night when rhIGF-I administered in a subcutaneous dose of 40 micrograms/kg at 1800 h to 16 adolescent subjects. Stable euglycaemia was maintained by a continuous intravenous insulin infusion and changes in free insulin levels on the two nights were compared with @entity2124 data. RESULTS: Mean overnight GH concentrations (2000 h-0800 h) on the control night were positively related to glycated haemoglobin ( @entity4051 ) concentrations (r = 0.63; P < 0.01) and were reduced following rhIGF-I administration (24.9 +/- 3.6 mU/I on the control night versus 17.4 +/- 2.2 mU/I after administration, P = 0.01). The mean GH pulse amplitude on the control night was related to the change in GH levels after rhIGF-I (rs = -0.66, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that mean GH pulse amplitude was the only determinant of free insulin concentrations (0500 h-0700 h on both study nights (P < 0.01). The percentage change in mean @entity2124 pulse amplitude between the two nights was related to the percentage reduction in free insulin concentrations (r = 0.53, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2124 pulse amplitude is related to early @entity1720 in adolescents with @entity1723 on control nights and after rhIGF-I administration. The reduction in insulin levels following rhIGF-I may be linked to the change in GH pulse amplitude and not just to direct insulin-like actions. Individuals with the higher GH (and thus @entity4051 levels) were most sensitive to the GH-suppressive effects of rhIGF-I.

title: The relationship between overnight GH levels and insulin concentrations in adolescents with @entity1723 ( XXXX ) and the impact of recombinant @entity1 insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['morning insulin sensitivity']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performance in evaluating the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), between the response evaluation criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) 1.0 and RECIST 1.1, on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for advance @entity0 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 @entity1 , who underwent NAC between 2005 and 2010, were included. Both prechemotherapy and post-chemotherapy MRIs were performed within 1-4 weeks before and after NAC. Only the @entity1 with subsequent surgery were included. The response to NAC was assessed by using RECIST 1.0 and RECIST 1.1. @entity1 with a complete or partial response on MRI were considered as responders, and those with stable or progressive disease were considered as non-responders. Tumor @entity39 > 50% on pathology was defined as responders and @entity39 < 50% was defined as non-responders. The diagnostic accuracy of both RECIST 1.0 and RECIST 1.1 was analyzed and compared by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-nine females (mean age 51.0    9.3 years) were included. Pathology showed 45 responders and 34 non-responders. There were 49 responders and 30 non-responders on RECIST 1.0, and in 55 @entity1 , RECIST 1.0 results agreed with pathologic results (69.6%). RECIST 1.1 showed 52 responders and 27 non-responders. In 60 @entity1 , RECIST 1.1 results were in accordance with pathology results (75.9%). The area under the ROC curve was 0.809 for RECIST 1.0 and 0.853 for RECIST 1.1. CONCLUSION: RECIST 1.1 showed better diagnostic performance than RECIST 1.0, although there was no statistically significant difference between the two.

title: Comparison of the diagnostic performance of response evaluation criteria in XXXX 1.0 with response evaluation criteria in @entity5 1.1 on MRI in advanced @entity0 response evaluation to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['solid tumor']


abstract: This was a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity281 in pregnancy from year 2000 till 2004. Data were analyzed by looking at the presentation, complications of @entity1 and fetus, and pregnancy outcomes. There was a total of 16 cases with an increasing trend (0.12% in 2003 vs 0.25% in 2004). The mean age of @entity1 was 30.19+/-6.85 years. Fifty percent of @entity1 were multiparae and in their third trimester. The average gestation was 24.44 weeks with 7.5 days being the average duration of ward admission. Tourniquet test was positive in 62.5% of @entity1 . @entity779 serology IgM was positive in 50% whereas dengue serology IgG were positive in 68.8% of @entity1 . There were three cases of @entity204 . One @entity1 presented as missed abortion. Preterm deliveries happened in 50.0% of the @entity1 . There were 4 premature babies, one in-utero @entity5617 , and two fetuses which suffered @entity147 . Three babies required intensive care. One @entity2241 resulted in early @entity204 .

title: XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['acute fetal distress']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['maternal death', 'neonatal death']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['unrelated fetal anomaly']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['Dengue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The traditional operative management of @entity85 and @entity2585 consists of an open excision of the inflamed bursa, resection of the posterosuperior calcaneal tuberosity, and debridement of the @entity924 . In an effort to reduce morbidity and recovery time, an endoscopic technique was used for the management of this condition. METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 (32 heels) who had @entity2585 unrelieved by nonoperative measures were treated with the endoscopic technique. Two portals were created, one laterally and one medially, over the posterosuperior portion of the calcaneus to gain access to the retrocalcaneal space. The inflamed bursal tissue was removed, and the prominent bone was resected. @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale. RESULTS: The mean followup was 35 months. Twenty-eight @entity1 (30 heels) were available for followup. The AOFAS scores averaged 62 preoperatively and 97 postoperatively. There were 26 excellent results, three good results and one poor result. One major and one minor complication occurred: an Achilles @entity397 three weeks after surgery and @entity158 and swelling that required reoperation through an open procedure. There were no wound complications or @entity86 . CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic technique can be done outpatient and has a low morbidity and high @entity1 satisfaction. The time to return to normal activity level is short. @entity924 and retrocalcaneal bursa can be done effectively using an endoscopic technique.

title: Endoscopic bony and soft-tissue decompression of the retrocalcaneal space for the treatment of XXXX and @entity2585 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendinopathy', 'Sufficient exposure of the Achilles tendon and removal of the calcaneal prominence']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['residual pain']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['retrocalcaneal bursitis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Haglund deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Haglund deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The risk of @entity356 ( @entity356 ) is increased in @entity4726 . A low serum pepsinogen group I (SPGI) level is a good serologic indicator of @entity356 and fundus, and can be used for diagnosis of subjects with @entity4726 and of increased risk for @entity356 . The present study was undertaken to investigate whether SPGI assay and a diagnostic gastroscopy could enable the diagnosis of @entity356 at an early stage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out as part of the @entity1881 , @entity2066 Cancer prevention study (ATBC study) in Finland, in which 22,436 male smokers aged 50-69 years were screened by SPGI. Low SPGI levels (< 25 microg/l) were found in 2196 (9.8%) @entity1 . Upper GI endoscopy (gastroscopy) was performed in 1344 @entity1 (61%) and 78% of these had moderate or severe @entity4726 in endoscopic biopsies. A control series of 136 @entity1 from the ATBC study cohort with abdominal symptoms, but with SPGI > or = 50 microg/l were similarly endoscopied, and 2.2% of these had @entity194 . RESULTS: Neoplastic alterations were found in 63 (4.7%; 95% CI: 3.6%-5.8%) of the 1344 endoscopied @entity1 with low SPGI levels. Of these, 42 were definite @entity1141 of low grade, 7 @entity1141 of high grade, 11 invasive @entity189 , of which 7 were 'early' @entity5 , and 3 @entity5 . In the control series, 1 @entity1 (0.7%) of the 136 @entity1 had a definite low-grade @entity1141 . Thus, 18 (1.3%; 95% CI 0.7%-2.0%) cases with 'severe' @entity1313 (4 advanced @entity5 , @entity5 and 7 @entity1141 of high grade) were found in the low SPGI group, but there were none in the control group. All four @entity1 with advanced @entity5 died from the @entity5 within 5 years (mean survival time 2.5 years), whereas surgical treatment in all those with early @entity5 or high-grade @entity1141 was curative. One of the seven @entity1 with early @entity5 and two of the seven with high-grade @entity1141 died within 5 years, but none died from the @entity356 . Thus, curative treatment was given to 14 of 18 @entity1 in whom a malignant lesion was found in gastroscopy. This is about 15% of all @entity356 cases (92 cases) which were diagnosed within 5 years after SPGI screening in the 22,436 @entity1 . Among the @entity356 cases of the main ATBC study, the 5-year survival rate was 33% (85% of the non-survivors died from @entity356 ). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that assay of SPGI followed by endoscopy is an approach which can enable the early diagnosis of @entity356 at a curable stage.

title: Implications of serum pepsinogen I in early endoscopic diagnosis of @entity356 and XXXX . Helsinki Gastritis Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic corpus gastritis', 'atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['Beta-Carotene']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['7 early cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'carcinoid tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['Alpha-Tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['corpus atrophy']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'atrophic gastritis of the gastric corpus', 'GCA']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'dysplasias']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity354 ( @entity354 ) is highly prevalent in @entity1 and there is a tendency to disappear or decrease its frequency in the first year. However, in certain circumstances this reflux can have adverse consequences and these cases are known as @entity354 ( @entity354 ). The clinical manifestations of @entity354 include typical and atypical or extra digestive symptoms. The association between @entity354 and chronic laryngeal symptoms may present clinically as recurrent croup, stridor, chronic or intermittent hoarseness, globus sensation, excessive chronic cough and posterior @entity5254 . Multi-channel intraluminal impedance-pH 24 hours ( @entity29211 -pH 24h) is the diagnostic method of choice for the study of this association. OBJECTIVE: To describe the behavior and characteristics of @entity354 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity7552 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study involving pediatric @entity1 with recurrent @entity7552 (2 or more episodes in 6 months) referred for study of possible @entity354 . RESULTS: We evaluated 28 @entity1 . Only 7 of them had normal studies. CONCLUSION: There is a significant percentage of @entity1 with normal 24 hour Ph monitoring that had not been diagnosed with @entity354 without @entity29211 . There was not a characteristic pattern.

title: [Recurrent XXXX in @entity1 : evaluation with multichannel intraluminal impedance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-esophageal reflux disease', 'GERD', 'Gastro-esophageal reflux']

answer: @entity7552 :: (MESH:D007827,Disease) :: ['laryngitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the functional capacity of residual spermatozoa in semen samples from normal @entity1 with T enanthate-induced @entity6660 . DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: @entity4207 . @entity1 (S): Twelve healthy @entity1 were studied while participating in a multicenter T enanthate contraceptive efficacy study. Data were analyzed from only eight subjects, whose sperm concentrations were between 1.3 and 10 x 10(6)/mL at the suppression phase. INTERVENTION(S): @entity2609 (200 mg) was administered IM weekly during the suppression and treatment (efficacy) phases (total 15 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sperm function tests (stimulated acrosome reaction, sperm hyperactivation [HA], and zona-free hamster oocyte penetration tests) were performed during the pretreatment, suppression (usually after 6 to 10 weeks of treatment, when sperm concentration was anticipated to decrease to < 10 x 10(6)/mL), and recovery phases. Studies were not done during the contraceptive efficacy phase because only one of the subjects was not azoospermic. RESULT(S): Mean sperm concentration was reduced but sperm motility, motility characteristics, and morphology were not affected by T enanthate treatment. The residual spermatozoa in the ejaculate could acrosome react, exhibited normal HA, and maintained the capacity to penetrate and fuse with the oocyte. CONCLUSION(S): Suppression of spermatogenesis to moderate @entity6660 (< 10 x 10(6)/mL) with exogenous T enanthate administration was not associated with impaired sperm function of the residual spermatozoa. The study did not exclude the possibility that disorders of sperm function might occur when spermatogenesis is suppressed further to very severe @entity6660 (< 1 x 10(6)/mL), commonly observed in hormonal male contraceptive clinical trials.

title: XXXX induced by exogenous testosterone is associated with normal functioning residual spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity2609 :: ('MESH:C004648', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone enanthate']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Academic research center']

answer: @entity6660 :: (MESH:D009845,Disease) :: ['Oligozoospermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral corticosteroid pulse therapy has provided inconsistent results in the treatment of Indian @entity1 with @entity1694 . OBJECTIVE: We wanted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral @entity619 pulse therapy in a cohort of Austrian @entity1 with @entity1694 . METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity1694 were included in the study. Of these, 25 had progressive and 4 had stable disease. The @entity1 were given weekly pulses of 10 mg @entity619 each on 2 consecutive days followed by 5 days off treatment for a maximum period of 24 weeks. Clinical response and side effects were evaluated in monthly intervals. Plasma @entity701 and @entity3317 levels were monitored before and up to 6 days after the @entity619 pulse in the first and fourth week of treatment in 14 @entity1 . RESULTS: After a mean treatment period of 18.2 +/- 5.2 weeks, the disease activity was arrested in 22 of 25 @entity1 (88%) who had active @entity1694 before the study. Marked repigmentation occurred in 2 @entity1 (6.9%) and moderate or slight repigmentation in 3 @entity1 (10.3%) each. No response was noted in 21 @entity1 (72.4%). Side effects were recorded in 20 @entity1 (69%) and included @entity1017 , @entity22 , acne, @entity2146 , @entity1866 , and @entity12737 . Plasma @entity701 and corticotropin values were markedly decreased 24 hours after the second @entity619 dose, yet returned to baseline values within the off treatment period before the next @entity619 pulse. CONCLUSION: Our data show that oral @entity619 pulse treatment is effective in arresting progression of @entity1694 yet fails to induce satisfactory repigmentation in the great majority of our @entity1 cohort. Mild to moderate side effects are common with this treatment modality; however, sustained suppression of endogenous @entity701 production does not occur with the pulse regimen.

title: Oral XXXX pulse treatment for @entity1694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['corticotropin']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate feasibility, @entity137 and antitumor activity of combined surgery, postoperative @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) and adjuvant @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) in adult @entity1 with pure @entity3271 (PAO) or @entity816 ( @entity816 ). METHODS: Between January 1988, and June 1993, 23 @entity1 entered into a phase II study. After surgery, postoperative @entity1161 was administered with 60 Gy in 30 daily fractions in 30 treatment days in 6 weeks. Two weeks after @entity1161 , adjuvant 'modified' @entity1485 (mPCV) ( @entity4174 , 60 mg/m2, days 1-14; CCNU, 100 mg/m2, day 1; and @entity1891 , 1.4 mg/m2 (max. 2 mg), days 1 and 8) was administered every six weeks up to six cycles or until progression occurred. RESULTS: Median survival time is not attained yet, while 1-5 year survival rates are 100%, 100%, 78%, 61%, and 52%, respectively. Median time to @entity5 progression is not attained yet, while 1-5 year progression-free survival rates are 100%, 100%, 70%, 52%, and 52%, respectively. On univariate analysis of potential prognostic factors, sex, @entity5 location (frontal versus other), and histology (pure versus mixed @entity3271 ) were not found to influence survival. Age of < 50 years carried improved prognosis as well as Karnofsky performance status (KPS) 90-100 when compared to KPS of 70-80. @entity1 having @entity5 < or = 4 cm did better than those with @entity5 > 4 cm as well as those with total @entity5 resection when compared to those with @entity5 resection or biopsy only. Acute high-grade (> or = 3) @entity7730 -related @entity137 was mainly hematological with only 3 (13%) @entity1 experiencing acute grade 4 @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Combined treatment modality consisting of surgery, postoperative high-dose @entity1161 and mPCV @entity7730 for @entity1 with @entity3271 was effective with acceptable @entity137 . Further studies are needed with more @entity1 and longer follow-up to verify these results in this rare disease.

title: Combined treatment modality for XXXX : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['Procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'subtotal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['MAO', 'mixed anaplastic oligoastrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CHT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['anaplastic oligodendroglioma']


abstract: @entity8862 is an essential micronutrient for the growth and development of multicellular organisms, as @entity8862 deficiencies lead to @entity851 and @entity600 (Vallee, BL, Falchuk, KH. 1993. Physiol Rev., 73:79-118). At the cellular level @entity8862 depravation results in proliferation defects in many cell types (Vallee, BL, Falchuk, KH. 1993. Physiol Rev., 73:79-118), however the molecular pathways involved remain poorly defined. Here we show that the transition metal chelator @entity38461 ( @entity38461 ) blocks the G2/M transition of the meiotic cell cycle by inhibiting @entity10609 - @entity10610 activation. ICP-MS analyses reveal that @entity10609 is a @entity8862 -binding metalloprotein, and that TPEN effectively strips @entity8862 away from the enzyme. Interestingly, although apo- @entity10609 ( @entity8862 -deficient) remains fully catalytically active, it is compromised in its ability to dephosphorylate and activate MPF/ @entity10610 . Thus, @entity8862 is an important regulator of @entity10609 function in vivo. Because of the conserved essential role of the @entity10609 - @entity10610 module in the eukaryotic cell cycle, these studies provide fundamental insights into cell cycle regulation.

title: Zinc regulates the ability of @entity10609 to activate MPF/ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity38461 :: ('MESH:C044387', 'Chemical') :: ['TPEN', "N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylene diamine"]

answer: @entity10610 :: (983,Gene) :: ['cdk1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: TV viewing has been linked to metabolic-risk factors in youth. However, it is unclear whether this association is independent of physical activity (PA) and @entity28 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: We did a population-based, cross-sectional study in 9- to 10-y-old and 15- to 16-y-old @entity1 and @entity1 from three regions in Europe (n = 1,921). We examined the independent associations between TV viewing, PA measured by accelerometry, and metabolic-risk factors (body fatness, blood pressure, fasting @entity1674 , inverted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , @entity413 , and @entity2690 levels). Clustered metabolic risk was expressed as a continuously distributed score calculated as the average of the standardized values of the six subcomponents. There was a positive association between TV viewing and @entity1386 (p = 0.021). However, after adjustment for PA, gender, age group, study location, sexual maturity, smoking status, birth weight, and parental socio-economic status, the association of TV viewing with clustered metabolic risk was no longer significant (p = 0.053). PA was independently and inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting @entity413 , @entity2690 (all p < 0.01), and @entity1674 (p = 0.02). PA was also significantly and inversely associated with the clustered risk score (p < 0.0001), independently of @entity28 and other confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: TV viewing and PA may be separate entities and differently associated with @entity1386 and metabolic risk. The association between TV viewing and clustered metabolic risk is mediated by @entity1386 , whereas PA is associated with individual and clustered metabolic-risk indicators independently of @entity28 . Thus, preventive action against metabolic risk in @entity1 may need to target TV viewing and PA separately.

title: TV viewing and physical activity are independently associated with metabolic risk in XXXX : the European Youth Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Morbidity and mortality attributable to @entity101 are higher in black essential @entity101 (EH) compared with white EH @entity1 , possibly related to differential effects on @entity1317 and repair. Although circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) preserve endothelial integrity, inflammatory endothelial cells (IECs) detach from sites of injury and represent markers of @entity1504 . We hypothesized that blood levels of IECs and inflammatory markers would be higher in black EH compared with white EH @entity1 . Inferior vena cava and renal vein levels of @entity2280 +/ @entity319 + (EPC) and @entity19597 + (IEC) cells were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting in white EH and black EH @entity1 under fixed @entity1372 intake and blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, and compared with systemic levels in normotensive control subjects (n=19 each). Renal vein and inferior vena cava levels of inflammatory cytokines and EPC homing factors were measured by Luminex. Blood pressure, serum @entity1011 , lipids, and antihypertensive medications did not differ between white and black EH @entity1 , and EPC levels were decreased in both. Circulating IEC levels were elevated in black EH @entity1 , and inversely correlated with EPC levels (R(2)=0.58; P=0.0001). Systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines and EPC homing factors were higher in black EH compared with white EH @entity1 , and correlated directly with IECs. Renal vein inflammatory cytokines, EPCs, and IECs did not differ from their circulating levels. Most IECs expressed endothelial markers, fewer expressed progenitor cell markers, but none showed lymphocyte or phagocytic cell markers. Thus, increased release of cytokines and IECs in black EH @entity1 may impair EPC reparative capacity and aggravate @entity1504 , and accelerate @entity101 -related complications.

title: Increased circulating inflammatory endothelial cells in blacks with essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the serial changes of accommodation and spherical aberration in eyes with accommodative @entity2473 . METHODS: Four @entity1 with accommodative @entity2473 and ten healthy subjects were studied. The ocular refractive power (spherical equivalent) and spherical aberration were measured serially with an open-field, binocular Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer. @entity1 and subjects wore full-correction lenses and were instructed to fixate a target set at 50 cm from the eye. The time-average of the refractive power, spherical aberration, and fluctuations of accommodation analyzed by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The average    standard deviation refractive power in the @entity1 was significantly more negative than that in the healthy subject (-3.12    1.06 vs. -1.49    0.17 D). The integrated intensity of the FFT from 1 to 4 Hz was significantly higher in the @entity1 than in the healthy subjects. The spherical aberration in @entity1 was more negative than that in the healthy subjects (-0.033    0.048  m vs. 0.002    0.027  m). CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with accommodative @entity2473 are characterized by a lead of accommodation with greater fluctuations and negative spherical aberrations. Excessive accommodation can be measured objectively in such eyes with a binocular wavefront aberrometer without cycloplegics.

title: Serial measurements of accommodation by open-field Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer in eyes with accommodative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 endocrine therapy (ET) is one of the most basic therapeutic methods in oncology. Well-balanced physical activity exerts positive influence on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and body composition (BC), which has been confirmed by the clinical research regarding @entity170 , prevention and treatment alike. Accordingly, in the following study, an attempt was made to assess the selected parameters of young, premenopausal @entity1 's clinical state under the influence of @entity0 ET, as well as to define the influence of physical activity on the studied parameters. AIM: The assessment of the influence of aerobic and resistance training ( @entity1129 and @entity138 ) on @entity79 and BC in premenopausal @entity1 during @entity0 ET. DESIGN: This was a nonrandomized, prospective clinical study. SETTING AND POPULATION: The study was performed in 41 outpatients in the Greater Poland Cancer Centre. METHODS: The examinations were made with the anthropometric and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements. The examinations were conducted according to the schedule: at the baseline, II-after 6 months of ET, III-after 6 months of @entity1129 (in 12 months of ET), IV- after following 6 months @entity1129 and @entity138 (18 months of ET). RESULTS: After 6 months of the ET without physical activity the bone mineral density (BMD) in all regions and the hip structure parameters were lower in comparison to the baseline and there was a significant increase in fatty tissue. After 6 months of @entity1129 the BMD of all regions was lower than in 6 months ET. An introduction of @entity138 caused the analyzed values of @entity79 parameters to increase. Also a significant growth of lean body mass and free fat body mass was observed and so was an insignificant fall in fat. CONCLUSION: The @entity0 ET is related to the changes in @entity79 and BC in premenopausal @entity1 . The introduction of @entity1129 caused a slowdown in negative changes in bones, and body fat was reduced. The introduction of @entity138 reversed an adverse tendency for @entity79 and @entity6288 . CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The study results show that mixed type physical activity ( @entity1129 and @entity138 ) during @entity0 ET could prevent negative changes, of this treatment, in body build in premenopausal @entity1 .

title: Effect of physical activity on @entity79 and body composition in XXXX premenopausal @entity1 during endocrine therapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BS', 'bone strength']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of @entity1 selection and auditory monitoring on hearing results after middle fossa craniotomy approach for resection of a @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing a middle fossa craniotomy for resection of @entity5513 at a single institution between 1995 and 2006 were included in the study population. @entity1 presenting with @entity8605 or who underwent a combined approach (middle fossa and retrosigmoid) were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hearing preservation as measured by serial audiograms. RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 were identified. Before excluding @entity1 with cochlear fossa enhancement and the use of auditory monitoring, 47% of the @entity1 maintained serviceable hearing (American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Class A or B). By selecting @entity5 that did not involve the cochlear fossa and using auditory monitoring, serviceable postoperative hearing was preserved in 76% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Modification of our selection criteria for surgery and the use of auditory monitoring have improved our hearing results for @entity1 undergoing a middle fossa approach for resection of @entity5513 from 47% to 76%.

title: Middle fossa approach for resection of XXXX : impact of cochlear fossa extension and auditory monitoring on hearing preservation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity8605 :: ('MESH:D016518', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibromatosis Type 2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Language recovery following @entity64 is difficult to predict due to several evaluation factors and time constraints. We aimed to investigate the predictors of @entity2026 recovery and to identify the National Institute of Health and @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) items that best reflect linguistic performance, 1 week after thrombolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrieved data from a prospective registry of @entity1 with @entity2026 secondary to left @entity2500 treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Complete recovery at day 7 (D7) was measured in a @entity13875 ( @entity13875 ) (   Language+Questions+Commands NIHSS scores). Lesion size was categorized by the Alberta @entity64 Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) and vascular patency by ultrasound. @entity13875 was correlated with standardized @entity2026 testing if both were performed within a two-day interval. RESULTS: Of 228 @entity1 included (age average 67.32 years, 131 @entity1 ), 72% presented some language improvement that was complete in 31%. Total recovery was predicted by ASPECTS (OR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.295-2.108; P < 0.00) and baseline @entity2026 severity (OR=0.439; 95% CI, 0.242-0.796; P < 0.007). @entity13875 correlated better with standardized @entity2026 measures ( @entity2026 quotient, severity, comprehension) than NIHSS_Language item. CONCLUSIONS: Lesion size and initial @entity2026 severity are the main predictors of @entity2026 recovery one week after thrombolysis. A NIHSS @entity13875 seems to capture the global linguistic performance better than the language item alone.

title: Language improvement one week after thrombolysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['composite verbal score', 'CVS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic @entity101 is a well-known risk factor for @entity453 and @entity1164 . Recent interest focused on the presence of malignant @entity943 ( @entity943 ) and @entity741 in @entity101 @entity1 and provided a potential link for fatal tachyarrhythmic events. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 150 untreated normokalemic @entity101 @entity1 (56 +/- 9 years; 56 @entity1 and 94 @entity1 ) without manifest @entity453 to determine prevalence, severity, and interaction of @entity943 and significant @entity10260 segment changes induced by daily activities. One third of the @entity1 were randomized to 4 weeks of placebo and restudied for spontaneous variability of the two parameters. All @entity1 were included in a 3-year follow-up study. @entity943 were observed in 129 of 150 @entity101 @entity1 (86%) and peaked in the early morning and late afternoon. Twenty-two @entity1 (15%) had ventricular pairs, and 20 @entity1 (13%) had nonsustained @entity1165 . Transient @entity308 observed in 47 @entity1 (33%; mean incidence, 2.7 +/- 0.8 episodes/24 hr) showed a characteristic circadian variation similar to @entity943 and were asymptomatic in 93% of the episodes. At the time of transient @entity308 , @entity943 increased 4.6 times (p less than 0.01). After 4 weeks of placebo, marked variations in the incidence of @entity943 ( @entity943 suppression rate -100%, or increase greater than 400%) were observed in 29% of the @entity1 , and in 60% of all @entity1 repetitive @entity943 were present in only one of the two Holter recordings. Day-and-night variations of @entity943 and transient @entity10260 segment changes were highly reproducible during the placebo period. After 3 years of follow-up, eight of 146 @entity1 (5%) had suffered @entity583 , and five @entity1 had died from @entity299 (three @entity1 died from @entity1164 ). Logistic regression analysis revealed @entity4346 (relative risk, 6.1; p less than 0.01) and transient @entity1347 during daily activities (relative risk, 4.4; p less than 0.05) to be of independent prognostic significance to predict @entity299 during follow-up instead of repetitive @entity943 (relative risk, 1.3; NS). CONCLUSIONS: @entity943 associated with a high spontaneous variability and predominantly asymptomatic transient @entity10260 segment changes are common in @entity101 ; the interaction of both risk factors may provide an important link for fatal @entity943 . Antiarrhythmic therapy is not to be recommended in the majority of @entity1 . Presence of @entity4346 and transient @entity10260 segment changes were the most powerful predictors of @entity299 during the follow-up.

title: Prevalence of circadian variations and spontaneous variability of XXXX and ECG changes suggestive of @entity741 in systemic arterial @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'VA']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac disorders']


abstract: 1. Experiments were performed in anaesthetized @entity95 to examine the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the CGRP antagonist @entity43938 on blood flow to the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint. 2. Topical application of CGRP (10(-13) to 10(-9) mol) to the exposed external surface of eight knee joints resulted in dose-dependent dilatation of vessels in both the ligament and the joint capsule. The magnitude of this response varied significantly in different regions of the medial collateral ligament, with the 10(-9) mol dose of CGRP giving the maximum response (101.5 +/- 25.3% increase) at the femoral insertion site of the medial collateral ligament and lowest (23.1 +/- 8.8%) at the tibial insertion site. 3. Topical application of @entity43938 (0.1, 1 and 10 nmol) produced dose-dependent constriction of vessels in the ligament and the joint capsule in five knees, with a trend towards the greatest effect occurring at the femoral insertion site (45.8 +/- 8.1% reduction in blood flow). With the 10 nmol dose, the vasoconstrictor response at the femoral insertion site differed significantly (P<0.05) from the responses obtained at the tibial insertion and joint capsule sites. 4. Topical application of @entity43938 (0.1, 1 and 10 nmol) to four chronically denervated knees produced substantially smaller vasoconstrictor responses at all sites. At the femoral insertion site, where 10 nmol @entity43938 normally produces a 45.8 +/- 8.1% reduction in blood flow (n=8), ten days following denervation this response was reduced to 6.5 +/- 6.1%, this difference being significant (P=0.01). 5. @entity1425 was applied topically to augment blood vessel tone, in order to establish how effectively co-administration of CGRP would offset this increase in tone. @entity1425 (10(-10) mol) produced vasoconstriction at all sites (n=6). In the capsule this vasoconstriction was virtually abolished when CGRP (10(-9) mol) was co-administered with @entity1425 but in the ligament vasodilatation occurred at all sites. This vasodilatation was significantly greater at the femoral insertion site compared to the tibial insertion and mid ligament sites (P<0.05 for both) and the capsule (P<0.01). 6. Topical application of substance P (10(-10) or 10(-9) mol) failed to elicit dilatation of ligament blood vessels. 7. These results suggest that endogenous CGRP may play an important role in regulating blood flow to different structures in and around the knee joint.

title: Spatial heterogeneity of the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the microvasculature of ligaments in the XXXX knee joint.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline', 'Adrenaline']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']