abstract: This is an assessment of one surgeon's 15-year experience (1981-1995) using the Millard rotation-advancement principle for repair of @entity3384 and @entity85 . All @entity1 underwent a prior labio-nasal adhesion. Since 1991, dentofacial orthopedics with a pin-retained (Latham) appliance was used for @entity1 with a @entity3384 . Technical variations are described, including modifications in sequence of closure. A high rotation and releasing incision in the columella lengthens the medial labial element and produces a symmetric prolabium with minimal transgression of the upper philtral column by the advancement flap. Orbicularis oris muscle is everted, from caudad to cephalad, to form the philtral ridge. A minor variation of unilimb Z-plasty is used to level the cleft side of Cupid's bow handle, and cutaneous closure proceeds superiorly from this junction. The dislocated alar cartilage is visualized though a nostril rim incision and suspended to the ipsilateral upper lateral cartilage. Symmetry of the alar base is addressed in three dimensions, including maneuvers to position the deviated anterior-caudal septum, configure the sill, and efface the lateral vestibular web. Secondary procedures were analyzed in 105 consecutive @entity1 , both revised (n = 30) and unrevised (n = .75). The possible need for revision in the latter group was determined by panel assessment of six indicators of nasolabial asymmetry, documented by frontal and submental photographs. In the entire study period, a total of 80 percent of @entity1 required or will need nasal revision, and a total of 42 percent required or will require labial revision. In the last 5 years, as compared with the earlier decade, there was a significantly diminished incidence of @entity1 requiring labial revision (54 percent to 21 percent) and alar suspension (63 percent to 32 percent). These improvements are attributable to technical refinements and experience, although dentofacial orthopedics may also have played a role.

title: The principle of rotation advancement for repair of @entity3384 and XXXX : technical variations and analysis of results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['nasal deformity']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft of the lip and palate', 'unilateral complete cleft lip']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['nasal deformity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study's objective was to document and describe @entity170 preventive care for @entity1 age 45 years and older in community family medicine practices. METHODS: We conducted a crosssectional mailed survey of 400 @entity1 age 45 years and older enrolled in a community-based family medicine research network. @entity1 responded to 42 items regarding @entity170 screening and prevention during primary care visits. RESULTS: A total of 275 @entity1 returned the survey (response rate 71.4%). Of the respondents, 162 (58.9% of the sample) were ages 45 to 64, and 113 (41.1%) were age 65 and older. Rates of counseling on @entity460 intake, exercise, falls, and bone density testing were similar in the two age groups. Half of @entity1 age 65 and older and 43.8% of @entity1 under 65 had received bone density testing. Ninety-two percent of the respondents rated a discussion of @entity170 and @entity174 prevention with their primary care provider as "very," "moderately," or "somewhat" important, but only 44% actually had such a discussion. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 age 45 and older considered @entity170 preventive care to be important. However, fewer than half discussed this topic with their primary care provider, and only half of @entity1 age 65 and older had undergone bone density screening.

title: Survey of XXXX preventive care in community family medicine settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Costimulatory signals are required for priming and activation of naive T cells, while it is less clear how they contribute to induction of regulatory T (Treg)-cell activity. We previously reported that the blockade of the B7- @entity1361 and @entity11603 - @entity2936 interaction efficiently suppresses allogeneic T-cell activation in vivo. This was characterized by an initial rise in @entity403 (+) cells, followed by depletion of host-reactive T cells. To further investigate effects of costimulatory blockade on Treg cells, we used an in vitro model of allogeneic @entity404 (+) cell activation. When CTLA-4Ig and anti- @entity11603 mAb ( @entity29817 ) were added to the cultures, T-cell proliferation and @entity1199 production were strongly reduced. However, @entity403 (+) cells proliferated and acquired suppressive activity. They suppressed activation of syngeneic @entity404 (+) cells much more efficiently than did freshly isolated Treg cells. @entity404 (+) cells activated by allogeneic cells in the presence of @entity29817 and @entity4386 Ig were @entity6306 on restimulation, but their response was restored to that of naive @entity404 (+) cells when @entity403 (+) Treg cells were removed. We conclude that natural Treg cells are less dependent on B7- @entity1361 or @entity2936 - @entity11603 costimulation compared with @entity403 (-) T cells. Reduced costimulation therefore alters the balance between Teff and Treg-cell activation in favor of Treg-cell activity.

title: @entity403 + regulatory T cells are activated in spite of B7- XXXX and @entity2936 - @entity11603 blockade.

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsive']

answer: @entity1361 :: (940,Gene) :: ['CD28']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether total antioxidant capacity ( @entity11636 ) could predict the response to ovulation induction to @entity4082 (CC) in nonobese @entity1 with @entity3610 . DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal follow-up study. SETTING: Academic hospital. @entity1 (S): Fifty-five nonobese, oligomenorrheic @entity1 with @entity3610 and normal indices of insulin sensitivity. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Standard clinical examinations and ultrasonographic and endocrine screening, including FSH, LH, E(2), P, total T, sex hormone-binding globulin, DHEAS, and @entity11636 were performed before initiation of CC medication. RESULT(S): Within the total group, 27 (49%) of the @entity1 did not ovulate at the end of follow-up. @entity11636 , free @entity342 index, and ovarian volume were all significantly different in CC nonresponders from those in responders. Total antioxidant capacity was found to be the best predictor in univariate analysis (odds ratio, 171.55; 95% confidence interval, 10.61-2,772.93), and it had the highest area in the receiver operating characteristics analysis (0.91). In a multivariate prediction model, @entity11636 , free @entity342 index, and ovarian volume showed good predictive power, with Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test of 0.80. CONCLUSION(S): Total antioxidant capacity was the strongest predictor of ovarian response during CC induction of ovulation in these @entity1 . It can be concluded that @entity11636 can be used as a routine screening test.

title: Association of increased total antioxidant capacity and anovulation in nonobese infertile @entity1 with clomiphene citrate-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: Regional @entity5 epidemiology is an important basis for determining the priorities for @entity5 control in different countries worldwide. There is no reliable information about the pattern of @entity135 in western Nepal and hence an attempt was here made to evaluate the situation based on hospital data, which provide the only source in the western region of Nepal. A clinicopathological analysis of @entity135 treated between 2003 and 2006 in Manipal Teaching Hospital affiliated to Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Western Development Region, Nepal was performed. A total of 105 @entity135 cases were identified with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The median ages of male and female @entity1 were 62 and 64 years, respectively. Ninety-seven (92.4%) of the @entity5 @entity1 were suffering from @entity189 , three (2.9%) had @entity8523 , three (2.9%) had @entity242 , and two (1.9%) had @entity706 . The majority (61.9%) of @entity189 cases were @entity957 followed by @entity189 (7.2%). Of the @entity189 cases, the most common site of @entity75 was larynx (19.6%), followed by the thyroid (14.4%), the tongue and hypopharynx with 10.3% cases each. Comparative analysis among males and females did not reveal any sex difference in type of @entity135 . The @entity135 pattern revealed by the present study provides valuable leads to @entity5 epidemiology in western Nepal and useful information for health planning and @entity5 control, and future research in western Nepal.

title: Clinicopathological profile of XXXX in the Western development region, Nepal: a 4-year snapshot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'anaplastic carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancers']


abstract: There are 14,552 inactive cases of @entity378 in British Columbia, representing 0.6 per cent of the population. The prevalence of inactive @entity378 in 7 times higher among Indians than in the remainder of the population. Among all inactive cases, 60.5 per cent of @entity1 had "good" chemotherapy, whereas 13.2 per cent had poor chemotherapy and 26.3 per cent had no chemotherapy. The risk of reactivation in those who received "good" chemotherapy was 2.2 cases per 1,000 @entity1 per annum, whereas for those with poor and no chemotherapy, the risks were 7.8 and 6.7 cases per 1,000 @entity1 per annum, respectively. One third of a sample of all inactive cases were found not to comply with the existing policy of lifelong annual examinations. Of the remaining two-thirds, one-half attended regularly and one-half, irregularly. All reactivations occurring during the 3-year period between 1971 and 1973 were reviewed. The pattern of attendance of these @entity1 during a 3-year period immediately before the year of reactivation was similar to that of the sample of all inactive cases. Sixty per cent of reactivations occurring among "attenders" were diagnosed at such annual examinations. The bacteriologic status of reactivated disease was reviewed; 78 per cent were culture positive. Of @entity1 who had received previous chemotherapy, 45 per cent had organisms that were resistant to one or more of the 3 primary antituberculous drugs, whereas previously untreated groups showed a much lower figure, 7.8 per cent. On the basis of the findings of this study, recommendations are made in relation to future policy of management of inactive cases of @entity378 .

title: Lifelong follow-up of inactive XXXX : its value and limitations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Fine needles with an end hole or multiple side holes have traditionally been used for percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ) of @entity157 . This study retrospectively evaluates the safety and efficacy of @entity8681 of unresectable medium-to-large (3.5-9 cm) @entity157 using a multipronged needle and with conscious sedation. Twelve @entity1 , eight @entity1 and four @entity1 (age 51-77 years; mean: 69) received @entity8681 for @entity157 , mostly subcapsular or exophytic in location with average @entity5 size of 5.6 cm (range: 3.5-9.0 cm). @entity1 were consciously sedated and an 18G retractable multipronged needle (Quadrafuse needle; Rex Medical, Philadelphia, PA) was used for injection under real-time ultrasound guidance. By varying the length of the prongs and rotating the needle, the @entity167 was widely distributed within the @entity5 . The progress of ablation was monitored by contrast-enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after each weekly injection and within a month after the final (third) injection and 3 months thereafter. An average total of 63 mL (range: 20-154 ml) of @entity167 was injected per @entity1 in an average of 2.3 sessions. Contrast-enhanced CT, ultrasound, or MRI was used to determine the degree of @entity39 . Complete @entity39 was noted in eight @entity1 (67%), near-complete @entity39 (90-99%) in two (16.7%), and partial success (50-89%) in two (16.7%). Follow-up in the first 9 months showed local recurrence in two @entity1 and new lesions in another. There was no mortality. One @entity1 developed @entity177 , @entity1578 , and localized perforation of the stomach. He responded to medical treatment and surgery was not required for the perforation. One @entity1 had severe postprocedural @entity490 and @entity221 , and another had transient @entity3638 ; both recovered with conservative treatment. @entity8681 with a multipronged needle is a new, safe, and efficacious method in treating medium-to-large-sized @entity157 under conscious sedation. Its survival benefits require further investigations.

title: Percutaneous XXXX injection of unresectable medium-to-large-sized @entity157 using a multipronged needle: efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomas', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: @entity5052 and @entity210 are common complications in adult renal transplant recipients. In pediatric recipients, however, @entity5052 seems to be rare, but data are scarce. Thirty-two @entity1 (21 males, 11 females) were investigated for a median time of 4.8 years (range: 0.4-11.2 years) following renal transplantation. The median age of this pediatric study group was 13.9 years (range: 5.7-20.3 years), and the calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 61 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (range:12-88 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)). All @entity1 were given calcineurin inhibitors, with 22 and ten @entity1 receiving @entity205 (CSA) and @entity1140 ( @entity11636 ), respectively. The median plasma @entity414 was 385 micromol/l (range: 62-929 micromol/l); 15 @entity1 (47%) were above the age-related normal range. Only one @entity1 experienced @entity3811 . There was a significant correlation between plasma @entity414 concentration and both time span after transplantation and plasma @entity1011 , and an inverse correlation to GFR (p<0.05). No significant correlation was found between plasma @entity414 and body mass index (BMI). Plasma @entity414 concentrations were neither different among CSA- and TAC-treated @entity1 , nor did they correlate with drug exposure or blood trough levels of @entity870 or TAC. Plasma @entity414 concentration was not different when compared to @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) of a similar degree in native kidneys. We conclude that @entity5052 is common among pediatric renal transplant recipients and rather a consequence of chronic @entity8 than the use of calcineurin inhibitors. Gout, however, is rare.

title: @entity5052 and XXXX following pediatric renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplant dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 without adequate insurance may separate financially from their families and move onto Medicaid after a @entity130 . Medicaid then covers all of their medical care costs. No estimates for Medicaid conversions due to injury exist in the literature. OBJECTIVES: To estimate Medicaid conversions due to injury for @entity1 21-64 years old. RESEARCH DESIGN: This study analyzes the 2003 Medicaid Analytic eXtract files (the most recently available in 2009) for 14 states. For each state, we assigned a conversion cutoff date by examining the pattern of admissions after enrollment. The last day before the injury hospital admission rate decreased to its background level was considered as a cutoff date for conversions. SUBJECTS: Medicaid enrollees aged 21 to 64 years who received coverage due to a @entity130 . MEASURES: Acute Medicaid conversions per 100 acute injury hospital admissions, estimated conversions remaining at least 1 year on Medicaid, and life-time public medical cost of disabled Medicaid recipients. RESULTS: Around 2.55% of all hospitalized injury @entity1 not previously covered by Medicaid enrolled to cover their hospital bills. The average disabled recipient on Medicaid (possibly combined with Medicare) for 30 years has public medical payments exceeding  345,000. CONCLUSIONS: The Medicaid postinjury enrollment policy provides important financial support to safety-net hospitals, provides better access to long-term care for @entity130 @entity1 who need it, and permits states to offload costs to the federal government.

title: How often do XXXX victims become Medicaid recipients?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['catastrophic injury']


abstract: Both @entity748 and @entity1030 @entity1 were found to have increased amounts of granulocytes and @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) in their sputum. The present study was conducted to investigate whether the elevated amounts of @entity1495 and @entity2843 found in such @entity1 ' airways may be linked to an enhanced secretion by granulocytes. Blood granulocytes from @entity748 (n = 10), @entity1030 @entity1 (n = 11), and healthy controls (n = 11) were isolated and cultured under basal conditions or after stimulation by @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) or @entity14915 ( @entity5038 ). @entity1495 activity was detected by zymography while @entity5952 and @entity2843 levels were measured by ELISA. In zymography, pro- and activated forms of @entity1495 were present in each group (healthy subjects, @entity748 , and @entity1030 @entity1 ). Spontaneous release was not different between the three groups. Stimulation by @entity5038 and @entity4515 increased to a similar extent the release of @entity1495 by granulocytes in all the three groups. @entity2843 levels were also increased after stimulation by @entity4515 and @entity5038 only in healthy subjects and @entity1030 @entity1 . @entity5952 levels were barely detectable. We conclude that circulating granulocytes from @entity1030 @entity1 and @entity748 do not display an abnormal secretion of @entity1495 , and that granulocytes from @entity748 have an impaired ability to release @entity2843 upon stimulation.

title: Matrix metalloproteinases and @entity2843 production by peripheral blood granulocytes from @entity1030 @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14915 :: ('CHEBI:53490', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in Arab @entity1 is lower compared to the incidence in the Jewish population in Israel; still, it is the most common @entity5 among Arab @entity1 . There is a steep rise in @entity0 incidence in the Arab population in Israel over the last 10 years that can be attributed to life style changes. But, the younger age of @entity0 onset in Arab @entity1 compared with that of the Jewish population is suggestive of a genetic component in @entity0 occurrence in that population. METHODS: We studied the family history of 31 @entity1 of Palestinian Arab (PA) origin affected with breast (n = 28), ovarian (n = 3) @entity5 . We used denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to screen for mutations of @entity6069 in 4 @entity1 with a personal and family history highly suggestive of genetic predisposition. RESULTS: A novel @entity5345 mutation, @entity38866 in exon 12, was found in a @entity1 affected with @entity43 . Four of her family members, 3 @entity0 @entity1 and a healthy individual were consequently also found to carry this mutation. Of the other 27 @entity1 , which were screened for this specific mutation none was found to carry it. CONCLUSION: We found a novel @entity5345 mutation in a family of PA origin with a history highly compatible with @entity5345 phenotype. This mutation was not found in additional 30 PA @entity1 affected with @entity0 or OC. Therefore full @entity6069 screening should be offered to @entity1 with characteristic family history. The significance of the novel @entity5345 mutation we identified should be studied in larger population. However, it is likely that the @entity38866 mutation is not a founder frequent mutation in the PA population.

title: A novel XXXX mutation in Arab kindred from east Jerusalem with breast and ovarian cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine serial MRI and @entity854 around @entity6538 due to @entity3993 in previously treated @entity1 during periods of @entity410 activity. BACKGROUND: Some @entity1 with @entity75 due to @entity3993 have @entity410 . How and why @entity410 occur in this setting are unknown. METHODS: Three @entity1 with known, treated @entity3993 were studied prospectively by serial MRI and CT before, during, and after @entity410 activity. RESULTS: All three @entity1 demonstrated @entity4 surrounding @entity75 . Two of three @entity1 had repeated episodes involving the same @entity75 , and their symptoms corresponded to the location of the lesion. Enhancement was present in the lesions demonstrating @entity4 , but was also present surrounding other nonsymptomatic @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: Perilesional @entity4 surrounding @entity75 due to @entity3993 occurs in some @entity1 at the time of @entity410 activity. Repeated @entity410 episodes tend to be associated with the same lesions. Although the mechanisms involved are unknown, long-term antiseizure medication is likely indicated in these @entity1 . Current evidence does not support the use of specific antiparasitic treatment in these @entity1 .

title: @entity4 associated with XXXX in neurocysticercosis.

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calcified lesions']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CT abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6538 :: ('MESH:D018333', 'Disease') :: ['calcified cysts']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['calcified lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Growth modification for @entity1 with skeletal Class II @entity3232 due to @entity3572 is controversial. @entity258 ( @entity258 ) can modify mandibular growth in growing @entity95 . Before applying this treatment to @entity1 , we must study the effect on mandibular growth in higher animal models. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity258 on mandibular growth in @entity6599 . METHODS: Fourteen juvenile male @entity6599 were divided into 2 groups of 7 each. One group received bite-jumping appliances (jumper group), and the other group did not (control group). In both groups, the left temporomandibular joint area received @entity258 (stimulated), and the right side served as the control (unstimulated). Four months after the start of treatment, the @entity6599 were injected with 99-mTc @entity11326 and killed. They were decapitated and scanned for bone growth by using a dual head gamma camera. The mandibles were dissected, sectioned into halves, and radiographed for anthropometric measurements. The condyles were harvested and processed for histological examinations. RESULTS: @entity258 increased mandibular length and growth activity in all treated sides (P<.001), especially in the jumper group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity258 enhances mandibular growth in growing @entity6599 , especially when combined with anterior mandibular jumping appliances.

title: Growth modification of the mandible with ultrasound in XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3572 :: ('MESH:D008336', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular deficiency']

entities_list: @entity11326 :: ('MESH:C027474', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene diphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusions']

entities_list: @entity6599 :: ('9557', 'Species') :: ['baboons', 'hamadryas baboons']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LIPUS', 'Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound']

answer: @entity6599 :: (9557,Species) :: ['baboons']


abstract: AIM: To examine seasonal patterns of incidence of @entity6 incidence in @entity1 aged 0-14 years in Finland, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during 1983-1992 (1987-1992 for Finland). METHODS: The study used a method that models incidence data using combinations of sine waves to model seasonal variation around a possible linear trend. RESULTS: In Finland, a significant pattern was found for combined sexes and age groups 0-9 and 10-14 years. A significant pattern was also confirmed for 10-14 year-old @entity1 . In Sweden, the best model with significant pattern was found separately for @entity1 and @entity1 and age groups 0-9 and 10-14 years, however, a significant pattern was confirmed for older @entity1 only. A seasonal pattern in older @entity1 in Finland and @entity1 in Sweden was characterized by two cycles with decreased incidence in June and November-December. The pattern among younger @entity1 (0-9 or 5-9 years) had one cycle with a decreased incidence in May-June. In Estonia, a significant pattern was found for the age group 0-14 years and combined sexes. No significant seasonal patterns were found in Latvia and Lithuania. CONCLUSIONS: The seasonal pattern with two cycles among older @entity1 and one cycle only among younger @entity1 may indicate different triggers of @entity6 for different age groups.

title: Seasonal variation in the incidence of XXXX during 1983 to 1992 in the countries around the Baltic Sea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge concerning palliative care and the associated skills, including effective @entity158 control, is essential for surgeons who treat @entity5 @entity1 in daily practice. This study focuses on a palliative care training course that has been mandatorily conducted for all surgical residents of our hospital since 2009. METHODS: We evaluated the effectiveness of our mandatory palliative care training course by conducting a retrospective study of the @entity1 ' medical records and @entity1 ' questionnaire results and discussed the importance of palliative care education for surgical residents. RESULTS: All 12 surgical residents who participated in the course in 2009 had graduated 4-9 years back. They were assigned to look after a total of 92 cases (average, 7.66 cases per resident) during the course. The purpose of care in most cases (92.3%) was to mitigate @entity158 . Introducing analgesic adjuvants such as @entity2682 or @entity3659 accounted for the largest part of initial interventions (23.9%) aimed at controlling @entity5 , followed by changes in route of administration or doses of prior opioid analgesics (21.7%). Interventions with opioid analgesics were conducted most frequently (47.7%). The @entity158 improvement rate was 89.1%. We used a questionnaire after the course to evaluate its effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical residents stated that it was a meaningful course through which they gained practical knowledge on palliative care and that the experience would change their approach to home care.

title: Mandatory palliative care education for surgical residents: initial focus on XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['overall pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['teaching pain']


abstract: @entity1255 (Hcy) appears to exert different effects on immune functions possibly contributing to age-related pathological states, including @entity455 , @entity1200 , and @entity195 . However, molecular mechanisms underlying Hcy @entity137 need to be better characterized. Since T cells are a suitable model to address the possible role of replicative senescence during the in vivo aging, we investigated the effects of high Hcy concentrations on mitogen-activated lymphocytes, with regard to evaluation of DNA damage and cell cycle alterations. Cultured @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with mitogenic concanavalin A (5 microg/ml) for 48 h in the presence or absence of Hcy (1 mM). Both flow cytometric analysis and @entity522 activity assay showed an increased rate of apoptosis in Hcy-treated lymphocyte cultures compared to controls. Further, Hcy exposure caused DNA fragmentation as evaluated by single cell gel electrophoresis showing the occurrence of comets. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, performed after addition of @entity2389 (5 microg/ml) and incubation up to 72 h, revealed a significantly higher frequency of micronucleated/binucleated cells in Hcy-treated cultures compared to controls (P < 0.001). Hcy also reduced cyclin B expression in comparison to control cultures, while cyclin D levels were not significantly affected. Cell cycle alterations, such as the inability of cells to enter into mitosis, could be related with DNA damage. These findings provided a link between perturbation of lymphocyte proliferation homeostasis and commitment towards apoptosis. Our results suggest the involvement of Hcy in the altered immune function associated with age and disease pathology.

title: XXXX induces DNA damage and alterations in proliferative capacity of T-lymphocytes: a model for immunosenescence?

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: PURPOSE: This is a prospective randomized study designed to compare the overall efficacy of intraoperative application of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in eyes with no previous ocular surgery versus standard trabeculectomy without @entity1139 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with primary @entity726 had been treated with trabeculectomy in one eye and trabeculectomy with @entity1139 in the other eye. @entity1 were followed up for 18 months. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 20 mm Hg or less in 23 eyes (92%) in the treatment group after a mean follow up of 17.8 +/- 1.1 months and 17 control eyes (68%) after mean follow up period of 17.8 +/- 1.2 months (range, 16.7-19 months). Wound leaks occurred in 10 (40%) of the treatment group and 3 (12%) of control group. Bleb scarring developed in 1 eye (4%) of the treatment group and 6 (24%) of the control group. @entity8814 developed in 3 (12%) of the @entity1139 group. Postoperatively, laser suture lysis was needed in 13 (52%) of the treatment group and 21 (84%) of the control group. Additional filter was needed in (4%) of the treatment group, while additional filters were needed in 7 (28%) of the control group. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative @entity1139 application may increase the success rate of @entity726 surgery, but close follow-up and meticulous management of @entity1 are needed, especially in the early postoperative period.

title: Initial trabeculectomy with intraoperative @entity1138 application in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity8814 :: ('MESH:D015814', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotony maculopathy']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ease of access to health care is of great importance in any country but particularly in countries such as @entity3456 where restricted access can put @entity1 at risk of mortality from diseases such as measles, @entity693 , polio, @entity55 and @entity311 . This paper analyzes the physical access of populations to health facilities within @entity3456 with an emphasis on the effect of seasonal conditions and the implications of these conditions in terms of availability of adequate health services, provision of drugs and vaccinations. The majority of the transport within @entity3456 is pedestrian, thus the paper emphasizes access by those walking to facilities for care. Further analysis compared the change in accessibility for vehicular travel since public health workers do travel by vehicle when carrying out vaccination campaigns and related proactive health care activities. RESULTS: The majority of the roads in @entity3456 are non-paved (90%). Six districts, mainly in the region of Tahoua lack medical facilities. @entity1 to health facility ratios were best in Agadez with 7000 @entity1 served per health facility. During the dry season 39% of the population was within 1-hours walk to a health center, with the percentage decreasing to 24% during the wet season. Further analyses revealed that vaccination rates were strongly correlated with distance. @entity1 living in clusters within 1-hour of a health center had 1.88 times higher odds of complete vaccination by age 1-year compared to @entity1 living in clusters further from a health center (p   <   0.05). Three key geographic areas were highlighted where access to health centers took greater than 4 h walk during the wet and dry season. Access for more than 730,000 @entity1 can be improved in these areas with the addition of 17 health facilities to the current total of 504 during the dry season (260,000 during the wet season). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights critical areas in @entity3456 where health services/facilities are lacking. A second finding is that population served by health facilities will be severely overestimated if assessments are solely conducted during the dry season. Mapped outputs can be used for future decision making processes and analysis.

title: It's a long, long walk: accessibility to hospitals, maternity and integrated health centers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity3456 :: (4230,Species) :: ['Niger']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several authors have documented the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic fundoplication, it is important to determine the rate of conversions and complications of this procedure. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed the protocol sheets of 503 consecutive @entity1 with @entity354 who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication over a period of 5 years. A Nissen-Rosetti procedure was performed in 492 @entity1 (97.8%) and a Toupet procedure in 11 (2.2%). Sixty-four @entity1 were also subjected to a concurrent cholecystectomy, and one @entity1 had a concurrent cervical pharyngoesophageal diverticulectomy with cricopharyngeal myotomy. Thirty-one @entity1 had previous upper abdominal operations. RESULTS: The period of hospitalization varied from 12 hours to 16 days, with an average of 1.2 days. The operation was converted to an open procedure in 10 @entity1 (2%). The main cause of conversion was the presence of adhesions. The most frequent intraoperative complication was pneumothorax. All pneumothoraces occurred in the first 100 @entity1 . Five @entity1 had significant @entity548 ; two of them required laparotomy for bleeding control. Gastric ulcer was diagnosed in six @entity1 . One alcoholic @entity1 died of acute @entity788 . Other major complications were two intraabdominal abscesses, one esophageal perforation, one sepsis from @entity356 , one @entity548 , and one @entity356 from fundoplication herniation. CONCLUSIONS: Conversions and complications of laparoscopic fundoplication are low and decrease significantly with the surgeon experience, but severe and lethal complications may occur.

title: Conversions and complications of laparoscopic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['operative bleeding', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric obstruction', 'gastric perforation']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: We present a case of malignant @entity82 accompanied by prolonged spiking fevers, @entity2402 after @entity5 resection. @entity242 with @entity221 as a primary symptom is rare. Furthermore, in this case, @entity221 was closely related to the clinical course of the @entity5 . In order to detect possible production of febriferous substance(s), we used blood and @entity5 tissue samples to investigate nine candidate cytokines possibly responsible for the @entity221 . Expression of @entity687 mRNA was detected in preoperative peripheral blood mononuclear cells by RT-PCR. Expressions of @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity379 and @entity310 mRNAs were also detected in @entity5 tissue, while @entity1192 , @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity3646 and @entity2247 mRNAs were not. We suspected @entity687 to be a causative factor, and examined its localization by immunohistochemical staining, paraffin sections of @entity5 tissue stained positive for @entity687 . Since infiltrating mononuclear cells were positive for @entity687 , this may explain the @entity5 -associated @entity221 . This case involves intratumoral production of @entity687 as a causative factor, and @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity379 and @entity310 cytokine production might have resulted from stimulation with a substance(s) derived from @entity5 tissue, since the @entity221 disappeared postoperatively. To date the @entity1 is alive and in good health for 7 years and 2 months since the surgery.

title: @entity687 producing malignant XXXX with prolonged @entity221 .

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['which disappeared']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The contribution of the pulmonary tissues to the mechanical behaviour of the respiratory system is well recognised. This study was undertaken to detect airway and lung tissue responses to inhaled @entity2710 (Mch) using the low frequency forced oscillation technique (LFOT). METHODS: The respiratory system impedance (Zrs, 0.5-20 Hz) was determined in 17 asymptomatic @entity1 . A model containing airway resistance (Raw) and inertance (Iaw) and a constant phase tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) was fitted to Zrs data. Tissue hysteresivity ( @entity2231 ) was calculated as @entity2231 =G/H. The raised volume rapid thoracic compression technique (RVRTC) was used to generate forced expiratory volume in 0.5 seconds (FEV(0.5)). Lung function was determined at baseline and following inhaled Mch in doubling doses (0.25-16 mg/ml) until the maximal dose was reached or a fall of 15% in FEV(0.5) was achieved (PC(15)FEV(0.5)). The response to Mch was defined in terms of the concentration of Mch provoking a change in lung function parameters of more than two standard deviation units (threshold concentration). RESULTS: At PC(15)FEV(0.5) a response in Raw, Iaw, G, and @entity2231 , but not H, was detected (mean (SE) 61.28 (12.22)%, 95.43 (34.31)%, 46.28 (22.36)%, 44.26 (25.83)%, and -6.48 (4.94)%, respectively). No significant differences were found between threshold concentrations of LFOT parameters and FEV(0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled Mch alters both airway and respiratory tissue mechanics in @entity1 .

title: @entity2710 responsiveness in XXXX assessed with low frequency forced oscillation and forced expiration techniques.

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the safety and efficacy of @entity2239 therapy for @entity1358 in Japanese @entity1 receiving real-world care. METHODS: @entity1 who had been treated with @entity2239 for @entity1358 at 39 Japanese medical centers between January 2010 and November 2011 were retrospectively investigated to assess adverse events and the time to treatment failure. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity1 were identified. Their median age was 65 years (range 23-93). The median time to treatment failure was 2.9 months (95% confidence interval 2.4-3.4). The median time to treatment failure was significantly longer in @entity1 with dose modification (4.2 months; 95% confidence interval 3.4-5.0) than in @entity1 without dose modification (1.7 months; 95% confidence interval 1.0-2.3; P < 0.01) after experiencing adverse events. @entity3136 (44%) was the most frequent adverse event, followed by @entity882 (31%), @entity417 (22%), @entity401 (22%) and @entity4854 (17%). @entity401 was the most frequent cause of discontinuation in @entity1 who discontinued @entity2239 due to intolerability regardless of the dose modification status. None of the @entity1 with dose modification of @entity2239 discontinued @entity2239 due to @entity882 or @entity1431 . CONCLUSIONS: The adverse event profile of @entity2239 may differ between Japanese and Caucasian @entity1 . Dose modification of @entity2239 might be associated with longer treatment duration in @entity1 with @entity1358 . Further studies are required to clarify this association. @entity401 may be difficult to overcome by dose modification.

title: Adverse event profile and dose modification of @entity2239 for XXXX in real-world Japanese clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial pneumonia', 'interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The effects of @entity3800 and @entity172 on the external morphology and electric organ discharge (EOD) waveform in @entity31457 , a weakly discharging electric fish, were investigated. Following preimplant data collection, juvenile and adult fish were gonadectomized and implanted with silastic capsules containing either high or low doses of @entity251 (T), @entity586 ( @entity587 ), @entity53 -17 beta (E2), or @entity165 . One group of fish was treated with high doses of @entity587 + E2. Radioimmunoassays revealed that low-dose implants resulted in plasma T levels comparable to and high-dose implants about sixfold greater than those found in adult males imported during breeding season. High-dose E2 implants resulted in higher plasma E2 levels in adults than those in juveniles. At either dose, both @entity3800 induced male-like indentations in the dorsal margin of the anal fin of juveniles and adult females by 4 weeks postimplant. Both low and high doses of T decreased the peak power spectrum frequency (PPSF) of Fourier transformations of EODs and increased the durations of phases 2 and 3 of the EOD in juveniles and adults, but the high doses caused more rapid and profound effects. The two doses of T caused opposite effects on the durations of phases 1 and 4 juveniles. The low dose of T decreased the durations of phases 1 and 4, while the high dose increased them. In adults, the high dose of T increased the duration of phase 1, but had inconsistent effects on the duration of phase 4. Total EOD durations were increased by both doses of T in juveniles, while adults showed inconsistent effects possibly due to individual variability in hormone sensitivity. Compared to T, @entity587 exerted similar, but less dramatic effects on all measures, but only at high doses. E2 significantly increased adult PPSFs, the first such finding in a mormyrid species. E2 had no effects on juvenile PPSFs, or on adult or juvenile EOD phase durations. The effects of @entity587 + E2 on PPSF and phases 2 and 3 were similar to those of @entity587 alone. These findings demonstrate quantifiable @entity134 -dependent plasticity in the durations of individual phases of EODs in an electric fish and are the first to show that the external morphology in @entity31457 is @entity342 -dependent. The results are discussed with regard to methodological considerations and hormone studies involving sex differences in EODs reported for this and other species.

title: The effects of XXXX and @entity172 on the external morphology and electric organ discharge waveform of @entity31457 (Mormyridae, Teleostei).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity31457 :: ('42645', 'Species') :: ['Gnathonemus petersii']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['androgens']


abstract: Bleeding and @entity245 of @entity1066 are well recognized clinical problems associated with the use of @entity117 and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, which have been attributed to their antiaggregatory effects on platelets. We hypothesized that antiplatelet drugs might interfere with gastric @entity1066 by suppressing the release of growth factors, such as @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ), from platelets. @entity2275 were induced in @entity35 by serosal application of @entity1543 . Daily oral treatment with vehicle, @entity117 , or @entity1396 (an @entity857 receptor antagonist) was started 3 days later and continued for 1 week. Ulcer induction resulted in a significant increase in serum levels of @entity6667 and a significant decrease in serum levels of @entity42935 (an antiangiogenic factor). Although both @entity117 and @entity1396 markedly suppressed @entity1423 , only @entity1396 impaired gastric @entity1066 and angiogenesis as well as reversing the @entity1066 -associated changes in serum levels of @entity6667 and @entity42935 . The effects of @entity1396 on @entity1066 and angiogenesis were mimicked by immunodepletion of circulating platelets, and @entity1396 did not influence @entity1066 when given to @entity882 @entity35 . Incubation of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells with serum from @entity1396 -treated @entity35 significantly reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, effects reversed by an antibody directed against @entity42935 . @entity1396 treatment resulted in increased platelet @entity42935 content and release. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized contribution of platelets to the regulation of gastric @entity1066 . Such effects likely are mediated through the release from platelets of @entity42935 and possibly @entity6667 . As shown with @entity1396 , drugs that influence gastric @entity1066 may do so in part through altering the ability of platelets to release growth factors.

title: Platelets modulate gastric @entity1066 : role of @entity42935 and XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine', 'Ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity42935 :: ('MESH:D043169', 'Chemical') :: ['endostatin']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity6667 :: (83785(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) signaling is involved in a wide range of processes, including arousal, attention, and learning. An increasing number of studies indicate that cholinergic control of these functions is highly deterministic, mediated by synaptic afferents that generate reliable and precise responses in postsynaptic neurons. However, mechanisms that govern plastic changes of cholinergic synaptic strength are poorly understood, even though they are likely critical in shaping the impact of cholinergic inputs on neuronal networks. We have recently shown that in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), synaptic release of @entity3451 generates excitatory-inhibitory biphasic postsynaptic responses, mediated by the activation of a4b2 nicotinic (nAChRs) and M2 muscarinic receptors (mAChRs), respectively. Here, using voltage-clamp recordings from TRN neurons in thalamocortical slices of @entity19 , we demonstrate that the activation of Group I metabotropic @entity3264 receptors (mGluRs) by ambient or synaptically released @entity3264 evokes transient increases of nicotinic EPSCs. Additionally, we find that the selective Group I mGluR agonist DHPG [(S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine] evokes long-term potentiation of nicotinic EPSCs (mGluR-nLTP), dependent on increases in postsynaptic @entity141 concentration and the activation of phospholipase C. Both the induction and the maintenance of mGluR-nLTP require synergistic activation of @entity9446 and @entity10092 . Together, our results show that postsynaptic Group I mGluRs are critically involved in the regulation of cholinergic synaptic strength on different time scales, suggesting that cholinergic control of local thalamic circuits is highly context-dependent and regulated by the overall levels of glutamatergic afferent activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cholinergic signaling controls information processing and plasticity in neuronal circuits, but the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cholinergic synaptic strength on different time scales are unknown. Here we identify @entity9446 and @entity10092 as key elements in the dynamic regulation of cholinergic synaptic inputs onto neurons of the TRN. Our findings highlight potential mechanisms that regulate cholinergic signaling in the @entity1 brain.

title: XXXX and @entity10092 Synergistically Control Cholinergic Synaptic Transmission in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity9446 :: (14799(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mGluR1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous randomized trials have compared different chemotherapy regimens in @entity1 with @entity43 . Although @entity43 survival has improved in recent years, the magnitude of these incremental benefits across diverse regimens is unclear. METHODS: We used multiple-treatment meta-analysis methodology to combine information from direct and indirect comparisons of all chemotherapy regimens used in randomized trials of @entity43 in the last 40 years. Chemotherapy was categorized by the use or not of @entity902 and/or @entity6023 , combinations of agents, and intraperitoneal administration. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine which regimen most improved survival. Analyses of trials that examined first- and second-line treatments were also performed separately. RESULTS: We found 198 trials (N = 38,440 @entity1 ) involving 120 different chemotherapy regimens published in 1971-2006. Eighty-two trials compared different types of chemotherapy, among which 60 had usable survival information (N = 15,609 @entity1 ). Monte Carlo simulations showed a 92% probability that the regimen that best prolonged survival is a @entity902 and @entity3907 combination with intraperitoneal administration; this regimen resulted in a 55% relative risk reduction (95% confidence interval [CI] = 39% to 67%) for mortality as compared with nonintraperitoneal monotherapy using neither @entity902 nor @entity3907 . Against that same monotherapy comparator, @entity902 -based combinations with and without intraperitoneal administration achieved 40% (95% CI = 21% to 54%) and 30% (95% CI = 20% to 38%) relative risk reductions for mortality, respectively, and combinations involving @entity902 and @entity3907 without intraperitoneal administration achieved a 42% (95% CI = 31% to 51%) relative risk reduction. Results were similar when analyses were limited to first-line treatment. Data on second-line treatment were consistent with the superiority of @entity902 and @entity3907 combinations. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct incremental improvements in survival have been achieved for @entity43 chemotherapy over time, with the possibility to achieve a doubling or more of time to mortality with @entity902 and @entity3907 combinations, especially when intraperitoneal administration is used.

title: Survival benefits with diverse chemotherapy regimens for XXXX : meta-analysis of multiple treatments.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the outcome for @entity1 with @entity957 of cervical lymph nodes metastatic from an unknown primary site who were irradiated to both sides of the neck and potential mucosal sites with opposed photon beams, and for those irradiated to the ipsilateral side of the neck alone with an electron beam. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity957 metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site were irradiated by two different methods. Thirty-six were irradiated with a bilateral technique (BT), i.e., to both sides of the neck, including the naso-oro-hypopharyngeal mucosa, and 16 were irradiated with an electron beam (EB) to the ipsilateral side of the neck alone. Twenty @entity1 of the BT group and 11 of the EB group had cervical lymph node dissections, and the remaining 21 @entity1 had lymph node biopsies, prior to radiotherapy. RESULTS: Tumor control in the ipsilateral side of the neck did not differ for either radiation technique, but was significantly higher after lymph node dissection than after biopsy (90 vs. 48%; p = 0.0004). Control of subclinical @entity3 in the contralateral cervical lymph nodes was higher for @entity1 irradiated with BT than for @entity1 irradiated with EB (86 vs. 56%; p = 0.03). The occult primary was later discovered in 8% of the @entity1 in the BT group and 44% of the EB group (p = 0.0005). The disease-free survival rate at 5 years for @entity1 who had lymph node dissection prior to irradiation was 61%, and was 37% for those who had biopsy (p = 0.05). Only 20% of @entity1 who subsequently developed an occult primary were salvaged and survived for 5 years after salvage treatment. CONCLUSION: Bilateral neck and mucosal irradiation is superior to @entity135 irradiation in preventing contralateral cervical lymph node @entity3 and the subsequent appearance of an occult primary @entity5 . Both techniques combined with cervical lymph node dissection were equally effective in controlling the @entity135 .

title: Metastatic carcinoma in the cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site: results of bilateral neck plus mucosal irradiation vs. XXXX irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral neck disease', 'ipsilateral neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['ipsilateral neck']


abstract: The majority of the mRNA that specifies retrovirus glycoproteins is known to be derived from the 3' half of the genome. To examine whether the glycoprotein mRNA of @entity19 @entity1778 viruses (MuLVs) might consist of portions derived from both the 5' and 3' ends of the viral genome, we performed hybridization with a 5'-specific probe and heteroduplex analysis with long reverse transcribed DNA. A 5' probe was made by purifying a discrete 50 @entity377 -long reverse transcript attached to its tRNA primer. This probe was found to hybridize to RNA of the size of glycoprotein mRNA--21S, poly(A)-containing RNA--indicating that the mRNA could have a 5' leader sequence. The 5'-specific sequences were studied by electron microscopic examination of hybrids between 21S RNA and the two longest discrete cDNA species synthesized in the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction. One of these species, 8.8 kb long, is only made in the absence of @entity4316 , but it does not contain any self-complementary sequences, and therefore appears to be a complete transcript of the viral genome. The shorter of the two species, 8.2 kb long, is synthesized whether or not @entity4316 is present; it must terminate 500--600 @entity2036 internal to the 5' end of the template RNA. The structures observed in heteroduplexes of 21S RNA and these DNAs indicated the presence of a leader sequence approximately 500 @entity2036 long at the 5' end of the 21S RNA. Sequences comprising this leader segment in the 21S RNA mapped at the 5' end of the genome RNA; the rest of the 21S RNA consisted of sequences from the 3' portion of the genome. Analysis of heteroduplexes with 8.2 kb DNA suggested that @entity4316 could block the reverse transcription of most of the sequence in the genome RNA that appears as a leader in the 21S RNA.

title: Analysis of a 5' leader sequence on XXXX @entity1778 virus 21S RNA: heteroduplex mapping with long reverse transcriptase products.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP(1-28)) protects the kidneys against @entity810 in animals; however, its use in @entity1 has been disappointing. Long-acting natriuretic peptide ( @entity43690 (1-30)) has natriuretic and diuretic actions similar to ANP(1-28), but it has a longer half-life and a different receptor site. Therefore, this study's aim was to determine if @entity43690 (1-30) has better renal protection than ANP(1-28), which may make it useful in the treatment of @entity810 . SUBJECTS/METHODS: Three groups of male @entity35 were used, each with a body weight between 250-300 gm. Group 1 ( @entity63 only, n = 6) had a right nephrectomy followed by 30 minutes of left renal pedicle clamping. Group 2 ( @entity43690 Peptide treated, n = 7) had @entity8 similar to Group 1, followed by an intraperitoneal bolus of 10 microg of @entity43690 (1-30) and the placement of mini-osmotic pumps delivering @entity43690 (1-30) at a rate of 1 microg/hr for 72 hours. Group 3 (controls, n = 6) was used to measure the baseline @entity1011 level and had no @entity8 or surgery. RESULTS: Seventy-two hours post- @entity8 , the @entity353 in the @entity63 group was similar to the peptide treated group (7.65 +/- 1.14% and 10.03 +/- 0.9% body @entity353 , respectively, p = 0.126). The @entity63 group had significantly higher @entity1011 levels compared to the controls (66.3 +/- 5.3 versus 30.1 +/- 0.9 micromol/L, p = 0.002). The peptide-treated group had higher @entity1011 (174.1 +/- 77.8 versus 66.3 +/- 5.3 micromol/L, p = 0.035) and @entity43690 (1-30) levels (673.14 +/- 69.64 versus 45.83 +/- 8.45 pg/mL, p = 0.001) than the @entity63 group. CONCLUSION: Prolonged use of @entity43690 (1-30) has no renal protective effect.

title: The effect of seventy-two-hour continuous infusion of long-acting natriuretic peptide on acute ischemic renal failure in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to improve the poor prognosis of @entity788 , a combination therapy consisting of preoperative chemoradiotherapy, surgery and postoperative chemotherapy may be an ideal strategy; nevertheless, the influence of preoperative therapy to postoperative therapy is not investigated. METHODOLOGY: Thirty @entity1 with resectable @entity1124 were enrolled. A 40Gy of radiation (2Gy/day x 20 fractions/4 weeks) was administered together with intravenous infusion of @entity136 (800mg/m2, days 1, 8 and 15) before surgery. Surgery was performed 3-7 weeks after the final fraction of radiation, and postoperative chemotherapy consisting of 1000mg/m2 gemcitabine (days 1, 8 and 15 every 4 weeks for 6 cycles) was started within 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: All 30 @entity1 successfully completed preoperative therapy. Re-staging after such therapy showed radiologically unresectable disease in 4 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 rejected surgery. Among the 25 @entity1 who underwent laparotomy, 21 underwent curative resection. After curative resection, 4 were inadequate in performance status, thus postoperative therapy could not be started. Ten @entity1 completed postoperative adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The combination therapy for resectable @entity788 seems a feasible and effective approach, though preoperative therapy may reduce the feasibility of postoperative therapy.

title: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy, surgery and adjuvant therapy for resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: AIM: By comparison of the flow velocities in the intracranial and extracranial parts of the internal carotid artery the influence of an @entity428 on cerebral perfusion can be determined. Aim of the study was to establish normal values in healthy @entity1 not displaying clinical signs of @entity428 . METHOD: 108 healthy @entity1 (35 @entity1 , 73 @entity1 ) with a gestational age of 42 +/- 14 weeks and a weight of 2440 +/- 2310 g were investigated. In all @entity1 Doppler sonographic flow measurements were performed within the petrosal part (extracranial) and the cerebral part (intracranial) of the internal carotid artery. From the flow profile the peak systolic (Vs), enddiastolic (Ved) and time average ( @entity16491 ) flow velocities were estimated. In all @entity1 the I/E-ratio of the intracranial and extracranial flow velocities was calculated. RESULTS: Flow velocities within the intracranial section of the vessel were lower than in the extracranial part, due to the greater angle of incidence (33 +/- 8 degrees) between the pars cerebralis and the Doppler beam. In the pars petrosa of the internal carotid artery Vs was 59.7 +/- 21.4, Ved 14.6 +/- 9.5 and @entity16491 17.2 +/- 11.8 cm/sec. Within the pars cerebralis Vs was 48.8 +/- 22.1, Ved 12.3 +/- 8.4 and @entity16491 12.9 +/- 7.5 cm/sec. I/E-ratio of intracranial and extracranial flow velocities was 0.83 +/- 0.14 for Vs, 0.88 +/- 0.29 for Ved and 0.82 +/- 0.24 for @entity16491 . CONCLUSION: The relation between intracranial and extracranial flow velocities within the internal carotid artery as described by the I/E-ratio is constant. Alterations of the flow velocities intracranially such as in cases of @entity428 , may cause changes of the I/E-ratio. Determining the I/E-ratio may be a valuable method for the assessment of @entity428 .

title: [Doppler ultrasonographic diagnosis of XXXX by comparison of flow velocities in the extra- and intracranial secitons of the internal carotid artery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['increased intracranial pressure']


abstract: @entity808 of the C1-root are extremely rare. As the @entity5 grows in size, it may compress surrounding @entity531 and cause symptoms. In the present case report, the left vertebral artery (VA) was severely compressed by the @entity5 , eliciting severe vertigo on turning the head to the right side and with neck extension. We report a 52-year-old @entity1 who presented with a history of intermittent episodes of severe vertigo on head movement that was caused by a C1-root @entity808 . The lesion was exposed through an extreme lateral transcondylar approach. At exposure the lesion was yellowish in color and was extradural in location lying between the markedly eroded C1-posterior arch and the compressed vertebral artery (V3) on the left side. The medial portion of the @entity5 was attached to the C1-nerve root. The @entity5 was excised enbloc with decompression of the VA. The @entity1 's symptoms completely resolved immediately following surgery, with no recurrence of the symptoms at one year follow up. The vertebral artery may frequently be compressed by osteophytes in @entity4720 or due to other causes in the cervical spinal canal, but compression of the artery by C1 extradural @entity808 with @entity5327 is rare. Removel of the @entity5 and the resultant decompression of the artery can be facilitated by the extreme lateral approach as demonstrated by this case.

title: Intermittent vertebral artery compression caused by C1-root XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'Extradural schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity901 in combination with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity4181 (FOLFOX) is a common chemotherapeutic regimen for advanced @entity14 . Here, we present a case of @entity401 associated with FOLFOX therapy. CASE REPORT: A 74-year-old @entity1 with a history of metastatic @entity14 was admitted with a four week history of progressive dyspnoea and evidence of severe @entity1576 . He had recently completed six cycles of FOLFOX chemotherapy in the months prior to presentation. Investigations did not reveal convincing evidence of @entity1151 . CT chest demonstrated @entity358 and interlobular septal thickening. The @entity1 was commenced on both broad spectrum antibiotic therapy and high dose corticosteroid treatment however his @entity1576 continued to progress. The @entity1 died four days after admission due to progressive @entity1576 . Subsequent post-mortem examination demonstrated evidence of @entity16 without evidence of @entity5 infiltration, @entity1151 . CONCLUSIONS: Although infrequent, @entity358 can occur in association with FOLFOX therapy. Cessation of therapy and prompt initiation of @entity288 may improve outcomes.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 treated with @entity901 , @entity1487 and @entity4181 (FOLFOX) for metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['infection or pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity', 'widespread pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['Interstitial lung disease']


abstract: One-shot intravenous injection of @entity5646 ( @entity5647 ), a @entity16397 -class @entity3405 antibiotic, 20 mg/kg was administered to 4 neonates and 2 premature @entity1 , a total of 6 cases, and plasma and urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates were determined. Also, one-shot intravenous injection averaging 70.9 mg/kg/day of @entity5647 alone was given to 0- to 43-day neonates and premature @entity1 in b.i.d. to q.i.d. for an average of 8 days for the treatment (6 cases) and prophylaxis (11 cases) of @entity281 . Furthermore, a combination therapy of @entity5647 and @entity869 (ABPC) was applied to 0- to 79-day neonates and premature @entity1 for the treatment (28 cases) and prophylaxis (18 cases) of @entity281 . Average daily dosage of @entity5647 46.6 mg/kg was given by one-shot intravenous injection or by drip infusion in b.i.d. or t.i.d. for an average of 8 days. Average daily dosage of ABPC 78.6 mg/kg was given in the same daily frequency, route and average duration as @entity5647 . Thus, clinical effects, prophylactic effects against @entity281 , bacteriological effects as well as side effects and clinical laboratory test values were studied with the following results. 1. When @entity5647 20 mg/kg was administered to 1 case each of 6- and 7-day neonates by one-shot intravenous injection, the plasma concentrations were the highest at 5 minutes after the administration in both cases. Specifically, they were 62.9 and 72.7 micrograms/ml with AUCs of 216.6 and 231.6 micrograms.hr/ml and half-lives of 2.80 and 2.97 hours, respectively. When @entity5647 20 mg/kg was administered to 5- and 6-day premature @entity1 by one-shot intravenous injection, the plasma concentrations were the highest at 15 minutes after administration in the former and 5 minutes in the latter, at values of 59.8 and 67.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. AUCs were 356.6 and 363.2 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively, and larger than AUCs of the above-mentioned neonates. Half-lives were 5.74 and 4.87 hours, respectively and longer than those of the above-mentioned neonates. When @entity5647 20 mg/kg was administered to 8- and 13-day neonates by one-shot intravenous injection, the plasma concentrations were the highest at 30 minutes after administration in the former and 5 minutes in the latter, at values of 43.4 and 76.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. AUCs were 202.9 and 189.8 micrograms.hr/ml, and 76.9 micrograms/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of @entity5646 monotherapy and @entity5646 and XXXX combination therapy in neonates and premature @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity16397 :: ('CHEBI:50695', 'Chemical') :: ['monobactam']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity869 :: (MESH:D000667,Chemical) :: ['ampicillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enlargement of the lateral ventricles is thought to originate from abnormal prenatal brain development and is associated with @entity245 . Fetal isolated mild @entity1276 (MVM) is associated with the enlargement of lateral ventricle volumes in the neonatal period and developmental delays in early childhood. However, little is known about postnatal brain development in these @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with fetal isolated MVM and 56 matched controls were followed at ages 1 and 2 years with structural imaging on a 3T Siemens scanner and assessment of cognitive development with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Lateral ventricle, total gray and white matter volumes, and Mullen cognitive composite scores and subscale scores were compared between groups. RESULTS: Compared to controls, @entity1 with prenatal isolated MVM had significantly larger lateral ventricle volumes at ages 1 and 2 years. Lateral ventricle volume at 1 and 2 years of age was significantly correlated with prenatal ventricle size. Enlargement of the lateral ventricles was associated with increased intracranial volumes and increased gray and white matter volumes. @entity1 with MVM had Mullen composite scores similar to controls, although there was evidence of delay in fine motor and expressive language skills. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with prenatal MVM have persistent enlargement of the lateral ventricles through the age of 2 years; this enlargement is associated with increased gray and white matter volumes and some evidence of delay in fine motor and expressive language development. Further study is needed to determine if enlarged lateral ventricles are associated with increased risk for @entity245 .

title: Prenatal isolated mild XXXX is associated with persistent ventricle enlargement at ages 1 and 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['ventriculomegaly']


abstract: @entity6583 ( @entity6583 ), a common @entity277 in developing countries, may cause acquired @entity302 and neurological morbidities. Acute symptomatic @entity410 is the most common manifestation. The other clinical conditions include @entity10 , @entity1276 , chronic @entity693 , focal @entity51 , and @entity74 . Altered sensorium and @entity428 ( @entity428 ) may require ventilatory support in an intensive care unit (ICU). Definitive diagnosis is made by identification of parasites in tissues or by a radiological demonstration of the scolex in @entity5409 . Antiepileptic drugs are used to control @entity410 after @entity6583 . @entity230 are generally administered along with antihelminthics, in order to control the @entity4 and @entity428 that may occur as a result of antiparasitic medications. In @entity1 with @entity428 , the priority is to manage the @entity428 before considering other treatment options. Antiparasitic drug treatment is never the mainstay of treatment, especially in the setting of @entity428 . Here, we present the ICU management of two such cases.

title: XXXX : Acute presentation and intensive care management of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['NCC', 'Neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated ICP', 'ICP', 'intracranial hypertension', 'raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['helminthic infestation']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['Neurocysticercosis']


abstract: The SLAM family receptors contribute to diverse aspects of lymphocyte biology and signal via the small adaptor molecule @entity19585 . Mutations affecting @entity19585 lead to @entity1071 , a severe @entity20960 characterized by fulminant @entity4539 , @entity2015 , and lymphoproliferation/ @entity706 . @entity1 and @entity19 having mutations affecting @entity19585 also lack germinal centers due to a defect in T:B cell interactions and are devoid of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. However, which and how SLAM family members contribute to these phenotypes remains uncertain. Three SLAM family members: @entity39098 , @entity39099 and @entity39100 , are highly expressed on T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells. @entity39098 and @entity39100 are also implicated in iNKT development. Although individual receptor knockout @entity19 have limited iNKT and germinal center phenotypes compared to @entity19585 knockout @entity19 , the generation of multi-receptor knockout @entity19 has been challenging, due to the genomic linkage of the genes encoding SLAM family members. Here, we used Cas9/CRISPR-based mutagenesis to generate mutations simultaneously in @entity39098 , @entity39099 and @entity39100 . Genetic disruption of all three receptors in triple-knockout @entity19 (TKO) did not grossly affect conventional T or B cell development and led to mild defects in germinal center formation post-immunization. However, the TKO worsened defects in iNKT cells development seen in @entity39100 single gene-targeted @entity19 , supporting data on positive signaling and potential redundancy between these receptors.

title: CRISPR-Mediated Triple Knockout of @entity39098 , XXXX and @entity39100 Supports Positive Signaling Roles in NKT Cell Development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome Type 1']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity20960 :: ('MESH:C562780', 'Disease') :: ['immunodysregulation']

entities_list: @entity4539 :: ('MESH:D007244', 'Disease') :: ['mononucleosis']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['dysgammaglobulinemia']

answer: @entity39099 :: (12523(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['SLAMF5']


abstract: @entity13525 ( @entity993 ) is a member of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Recently, a new function of @entity993 as transcriptional regulator has been reported. It has been shown that @entity993 regulates the expression of target genes mostly involved in splicing, cell cycle, respiration and translation. We report here that @entity993 directly binds to the transcriptional coactivator @entity3995 by a region including @entity1522 91-120. @entity3995 associates with @entity993 through its catalytic domain and acetylates @entity993 at @entity376 100. Our data showed that overexpression of @entity3995 induces the degradation of @entity993 whereas in contrast, the knockdown of @entity3995 stabilizes the protein. A @entity993 mutant in which @entity37323 was substituted by @entity369 ( @entity993 - @entity37324 ) cannot be acetylated by @entity3995 and has a half-life much higher than that of p27WT. Moreover, @entity993 - @entity37324 remains stable along cell-cycle progression. Ubiquitylation assays and the use of proteasome inhibitors indicate that @entity3995 induces @entity993 degradation via proteasome. We also observed that knockdown of @entity20127 did not affect the @entity3995 induced degradation of @entity993 . In conclusion, our data suggest that the @entity993 acetylation by @entity3995 regulates its stability.

title: @entity3995 regulates the stability of the transcriptional regulator and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity13525 :: (1027,Gene) :: ['p27 Kip1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether @entity1082 ) DNA detection in cervical @entity5 specimens, or antibodies to selected @entity1799 peptides are predictors of @entity5 recurrence and long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity1544 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Four hundred seventy-one cases included in two population-based case-control studies underwent follow-up evaluation. The survival and cause of @entity204 were ascertained for 410 cases (87%), with a median follow-up time of 4.6 years after diagnosis. HPV DNA was assessed using an L1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based system and Southern hybridization (SH) on scraped cytologic specimens or biopsies. HPV 16 antibodies to E2, L2, and E7 peptides were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Clinical stage was the only independent prognostic factor for recurrence or survival. Although seropositivity to @entity1799 E7/3 peptide predicted a twofold excess risk of mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [HRa] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 3.3), the association was restricted to stage I (HRa = 6.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 37.6) and II (HRa = 5.9; 95% CI, 2.1 to 16.5) @entity1 . The presence of HPV DNA (HRa = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.5), different estimates of the HPV viral load and the HPV type identified were not predictors of @entity5 recurrence or survival. CONCLUSION: The presence of antibodies to @entity1799 E7 proteins is of prognostic value in @entity5 . Our results provide strong evidence that detection and typing of HPV DNA in cervical cells or tissues is not a prognostic factor for recurrence or survival.

title: @entity1082 DNA and antibodies to XXXX papillomaviruses 16 E2, L2, and E7 peptides as predictors of survival in @entity1 with @entity1544 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early-stage cervical cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ) is a clinical-pathological disorder which is being increasingly diagnosed. It is etiologically associated with @entity56 and/or dietary components. However, immediate @entity56 to foods has rarely been proven as the etiologic cause of the disorder. Two @entity1 are presented with a history of @entity7370 , @entity56 , @entity483 and @entity5419 which are currently under control and who show specific IgE to pulses and @entity1573 respectively. These @entity1 developed acute @entity1282 and @entity391 immediately after ingesting these foods and following appropriate examination were diagnosed as suffering from @entity5202 . The study also showed signs of blood @entity1712 while the esophageal manometry revealed a @entity1957 characterized by aperistalsis and non-propulsive simultaneous waves affecting the lower two-thirds of the organ composed of smooth muscle. Topical treatment with @entity5023 was administered over a period of 3 months, in addition to a diet abstaining from the aforementioned foods and this led to remission of @entity1282 and normalization of the endoscopic, histological and manometric studies of the esophagus. This situation remained stable for a considerable length of time after @entity134 treatment was discontinued, which showed that exposure to foods seemed to be the cause of the @entity1208 . Similarly, @entity566 to inhalants and other digestive symptoms which appear upon immediate ingestion of the foods involved would not justify the sudden onset of @entity1282 . We offer a pathophysiological explanation for the mechanisms of the disease based on the activation of eosinophils and mast cells by IgE and their ability to disturb the dynamic behavior of the neural and muscle components of the esophageal wall.

title: @entity5419 and XXXX --two case studies.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'EE']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergies']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor disorder']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'hypersensitivity to airborne allergens', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal disorder']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: The use of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) in combination with @entity205 (CsA) and @entity230 is well established after kidney transplantation (Tx) in @entity1 . A 9-yr-old @entity1 with @entity42685 and systemic @entity5201 underwent a combined kidney and liver Tx at our institution. The post-operative immunosuppression consisted of CsA, @entity617 , and @entity2098 . Four weeks post-transplant the @entity1 suffered from a severe @entity293 caused by @entity796 , when the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was found to be critically low (<1.53 g/L). Additionally, there was an isolated B-cell depletion (240/microL) at that time. In the following course, the B-cell count was significantly diminished until the @entity2098 was stopped 13 weeks post-transplant. As a result of the very low serum IgG concentration, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) substitution was necessary. There was no significant loss of immunoglobulins in the @entity843 and urine and no other medication with possible side-effects on B cells was given. We suggest that @entity2098 can lead to suppressed IgG production by B cells and can cause a defective differentiation into mature B cells. In vitro studies demonstrated these effects of @entity2098 on B cells, but no in vivo cases of this phenomenon have been reported. B-cell counts and serum IgG concentrations returned to normal values after discontinuing the @entity2098 . As we can assume that the observed B-cell dysfunction and depletion were @entity2098 related, we suggest that serum IgG concentrations should be monitored when @entity2098 is used after solid-organ Tx.

title: B-cell dysfunction and depletion using XXXX in a pediatric combined liver and kidney graft recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity42685 :: ('MESH:C536414', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperoxaluria type 1']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: @entity750 ( @entity750 ) is involved in a large variety of physiological functions and it appears now that it could play a role in cognitive processes through the activation of 5-HT4 receptors. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of BIMU1, a mixed 5-HT4 agonist/5-HT3 antagonist on social olfactory recognition in @entity35 , a behaviour test which has previously been shown to access short-term memory and to be sensitive to cholinergic drugs. This test is based on the investigation of an unfamiliar juvenile by an adult @entity35 during two distinct 5-min presentations. At a 30-min delay after each presentation adults recognized the juvenile, whereas after a 2-hr delay all the adults had forgotten it. When administered intraperitoneally immediately after the first presentation, BIMU1 (10 mg/kg) enhanced short-term memory (i.e. recognition of the juvenile after a 2-hr delay). Ondansetron (10 and 100 micrograms/kg injected intraperitoneally), a 5-HT3 antagonist, had no significant effect on this form of memory. The effect of BIMU1 was antagonized by intraperitoneal injection of @entity25233 , a very selective and potent 5-HT4 antagonist. The antagonistic effect was obtained at 1 and 10 mg/kg of @entity25233 , but not at 0.1 mg/kg. It is certainly a specific effect on brain 5-HT4 receptors, since we determined a brain concentration of @entity25233 equal to 3.8 x 10(-7) M after the intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of this drug. This @entity25233 concentration is certainly sufficient to occupy all the 5-HT4 brain receptors (Kd = 10(-10) M) but not to occupy 5-HT3 receptors (Kd > 10(-6) M). The 5-HT4 specificity of the blockade by @entity25233 is further demonstrated by the fact that a 10-fold lower dose of @entity25233 (1 mg/kg) is also effective to inhibit the BIMU1 effect.

title: 5-HT4 receptors improve social olfactory memory in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2359 following bites by kraits (Bungarus species) is a leading cause of snakebite mortality in South Asia. Over a long time, this had been attributed only to one species, the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus). However, recent research has provided increasing evidence of the involvement of several krait species. Here, we report a fatal case of @entity2359 following the bite of a greater black krait (Bungarus @entity3456 ) in Nepal. CASE PRESENTATION: A 33-year-old @entity1 was bitten in the outdoor corridor of his home in the eastern hills of Ilam district while handling a snake he thought to be non-venomous. He subsequently developed severe @entity490 , frequent @entity391 , and signs of @entity2359 leading to @entity4589 . The @entity1 did not respond to Indian polyvalent antivenom given 4 h after the bite and died under treatment 8 h after the bite. This is the second time that a @entity39110 was observed in Nepal, the first documented case of @entity5900 by this species in the country and the sixth reported case worldwide. CONCLUSIONS: Previous distribution records - from eastern India and western Nepal, from western hills in Nepal, and from lowland localities in India and Bangladesh - indicate risk of @entity5900 by @entity39110 throughout the low and intermediate elevations of Nepal up to at least 1,500 m above sea level. As very few @entity1 in Nepal bring killed snakes to healthcare centers and because there is a general belief among local @entity1 that there are no kraits in the hills, bites by @entity39110 are likely to be misdiagnosed and underreported.

title: Fatal XXXX following the bite of a greater black krait (Bungarus @entity3456 ) in Nepal: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory paralysis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic envenomation', 'Neurotoxic envenomation']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxic envenomation']