abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated a single-centre experience with endovascular repair of @entity2548 in the cervicothoracic region. METHODS: Endovascular repair of 27 traumatic cervicothoracic arteriovenous fistulas was attempted between August 1998 and December 2001. @entity1 with active @entity548 or end-organ ischaemia were excluded. Follow-up was accomplished with clinical, duplex Doppler and arteriographic evaluation after 1 month and then every 3 months. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 with a major @entity130 were treated by stent-graft placement. Vessels involved were the subclavian (eight), common carotid (three) and internal carotid (one) arteries. Subclavian artery side branches were embolized in three of the eight @entity1 . Four @entity1 developed early type 4 endoleaks but all resolved. Treatment with stent-grafts was ultimately successful in all 12 @entity1 . Three @entity1 were lost to follow-up. During mean follow-up of 21 (range 3-36) months, one of the remaining @entity1 developed a graft stenosis. Fifteen @entity1 with @entity130 were treated with @entity1416 . Vessels embolized were subclavian artery branches (four), external carotid artery and branches (seven) and vertebral arteries (four). Successful embolization was accomplished in ten of 15 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Endovascular therapy is a promising alternative to surgery for selected @entity1 with cervicothoracic @entity2548 .

title: Endovascular management of traumatic cervicothoracic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula', 'traumatic arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['minor vessel injuries', 'vessel injury']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: Neurologic manifestations, afflicting up to 70% of @entity1252 @entity1 , include @entity716 , @entity410 , @entity4790 , @entity16 , and @entity64 . MRI is useful in evaluation of @entity1252 @entity1 and several reports have documented @entity194 or focal hyperintensities. We report an unusual MRI appearance in a 56-year-old @entity1 with @entity1252 , diagnosed on the basis of @entity5641 , @entity2905 , anti-DNA antibodies, and neurologic involvement. She reported recent onset of @entity2407 and generalized macular rash. She presented after two months of gradual deterioration with @entity2414 , flattened affect, @entity1282 , @entity4653 , @entity5547 , and somnolence, without focal neurologic signs. Investigations included elevated ESR, reduced complement, normal CSF without oligoclonal bands, negative viral serology, normal hormone and vitamin levels, normal renal and hepatic function. Neuropsychologic testing showed @entity73 (WAIS-R: FSIQ-63; WMS-69; DRS-98; RCPM-14; WAB AQ-78.8). CT was normal but MRI showed strikingly symmetric, confluent hyperintensities extensively involving cerebral and cerebellar white matter on T1 and T2 weighted scans. @entity62 were spared. Treated with @entity229 , the @entity1 made a gradual, but incomplete, recovery. These MRI findings may reflect widespread @entity455 or direct immunologic brain insult with or without immunologic blood-brain barrier disruption.

title: Dementia with XXXX in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['widespread impairment']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['Basal ganglia and subependymal and subcortical white matter']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['leukoencephalopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1911 are @entity5 , and its cardiac involvement may include transient @entity296 , @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), and even @entity943 .A @entity1 was referred for evaluation of stuttering @entity662 , and his electrocardiogram showed T-wave inversion over leads V1 to V4. Coronary angiography showed 90% @entity850 in the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), which was stented. Five days later, the @entity1 had @entity1165 , and severe @entity101 , remarkable blood pressure fluctuation between 224/76 and 70/50 mm Hg. The @entity1 felt @entity490 and his abdominal ultrasound showed suspicious right @entity5 . Enhanced computed tomography of adrenal gland conformed that there was a @entity5 in right adrenal gland accompanied by an upset level of @entity1369 .The @entity5 was removed by laparoscope, and the pathological examination showed @entity1911 . After the surgery, the blood pressure turned normal gradually. There was no T-wave inversion in lead V1-V4. Our case illustrates a rare @entity1911 presentation with a VT and resembling @entity1187 . In our case, the serious @entity850 in the mid of LAD could be explained by worsen the clinical course of @entity741 or severe @entity3361 by the excessive amounts of @entity2661 released from the @entity5 . @entity3361 was possible because he had no classic coronary risk factors (e.g. family history and smoking habit, essential @entity101 , @entity4854 and abnormal serum lipoprotein, high body mass index). Thus, @entity1911 was missed until he revealed the association of his symptoms with abdominalgia.As phaeochromocytomas that present with @entity65 can be fatal, it is necessary to screen for the disease when @entity1 present with symptoms indicating @entity5733 excess.

title: XXXX and Resembling @entity1187 During @entity1911 : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'adrenal gland tumor']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary vasospasm', 'coronary vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Tachycardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of preoperative transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy (TAIC) for locally advanced @entity0 . METHODS: Seven @entity1 with unresectable locally advanced @entity0 (stage IIIb) underwent TAIC percutaneously 1-3 times (mean, 1.7 times) until @entity5 became resectable. Anticancer drugs were injected into both the internal mammary and the distal subclavian arteries. RESULTS: There was no major complication related to the procedure. The mean @entity5 size was significantly decreased from 10.0+/-3.9 to 5.1+/-2.5 cm (P=0.0086). Skin and muscle invasions were improved in two @entity1 (28%) and lymph nodes disappeared in one @entity1 (14%). In two @entity1 (28%), down-staging was achieved from stage IIIb to stage IIIa. All @entity5 turned into resectable, and mastectomy was performed with a mean period of 35 days (range 9-60 days) after TAIC. Marked decrease in @entity5 size allowed one @entity1 to receive breast-conserving surgery. There was no local recurrence in any @entity1 . However, five @entity1 (71%) experienced distant @entity3 . The 3-year disease free and overall survival were 0 and 71.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TAIC for locally advanced @entity0 is useful in reducing @entity5 size and achieving down-staging in a relatively short period, leading to an expanded surgical indication.

title: Preoperative transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy for locally advanced XXXX (stage IIIb) for down-staging and increase of resectability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Using metaanalysis to examine the effects of acustimulations on @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) in postoperative adult populations. METHODS: Metaanalyses of effects of various @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) (including acupuncture, acupressure, and electrical stimulation) on @entity1209 in postoperative adult populations were performed. Thirty-three quality randomized controlled trials (RCT) published over the past three decades were identified by evaluating the quality of randomization and treatment methods, and results were pooled using a fixed effects model. RESULTS: Twenty-four trials were pooled for @entity390 , 29 trials for @entity391 , and 19 trials for rescue antiemetics, with @entity9808 compared with placebo or controls. Two additional trials did not have control groups but compared @entity9808 to medication groups. Compared with the controls, @entity9808 ( @entity22234 ) reduced @entity390 (relative risk [RR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.67, P < .0001), @entity391 (RR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.45-0.57, P < .0001), and use of rescue antiemetics (RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54-0.74, P < 0001). All @entity9808 modalities were effective in reducing @entity1209 . Korean hand acupressure stimulations (two trials) had the best impact on reducing @entity391 . There were no significant differences on pooled RRs for @entity390 (five trials) and @entity391 (eight trials) between medication and @entity9808 groups, but medication groups had increased use of rescue antiemetics (two trials, RR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.48-3.49, P = .0002). There was a placebo effect when compared with controls in reducing @entity390 (four trials, RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.90, P = .0069) and @entity391 (three trials, RR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.19-0.80, P = .0106). CONCLUSIONS: This metaanalysis demonstrated that @entity9808 is just as effective as medications in reducing @entity1209 and that acupressure is just as effective as acupuncture or electrical stimulation in reducing @entity1209 for postoperative adult populations.

title: Metaanalyses of acustimulations: effects on @entity390 and XXXX in postoperative adult patients.

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['acupoints stimulations', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity22234 :: ('MESH:C536496', 'Disease') :: ['all modalities']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting symptoms', 'NVS']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of 11 commonly cited barriers to @entity726 medication adherence among @entity726 @entity1 and to identify barriers contributing to poor adherence. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional survey. @entity1 : One hundred ninety adults with @entity726 taking 1 or more @entity726 medication who received care in @entity726 clinics in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Baltimore, Maryland. METHODS: @entity1 completed a survey on demographic and disease characteristics, barriers to @entity726 medication adherence, interest in an eye drop aid, and self-reported adherence (measured by the Morisky Adherence Scale). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency and number of barriers to adherence among both adherent and nonadherent @entity1 . Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) identifying barriers associated with poor adherence. RESULTS: Twenty-seven percent of the sample reported poor adherence. Sixty-one percent of all @entity1 cited multiple barriers and 10% cited a single barrier as impediments to optimal adherence. Twenty-nine percent of subjects cited no barriers, although only 13% of @entity1 who cited no barriers were nonadherent. Among nonadherent @entity1 , 31% or more cited each of the 11 barriers as important. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, revealed that the following barriers were associated with higher odds of nonadherence: decreased self-efficacy (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2-9.7; P  <= 0.0001), difficulty instilling drops (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9; P  = 0.03), forgetfulness (OR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.6-12.1; P  <= 0.0001), and difficulties with the medication schedule (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.0; P  = 0.006). For each additional barrier cited as important, there was a 10% increased odds of being nonadherent (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.2; P  = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Each of the 11 barriers was important to at least 30% of surveyed @entity1 with poor adherence, with most identifying multiple barriers to adherence. Low self-efficacy, forgetfulness, and difficulty with drop administration and the medication schedule were barriers associated with poor adherence. Interventions to improve medication adherence must address each @entity1 's unique set of barriers.

title: The Most Common Barriers to XXXX Adherence: A  Cross-Sectional Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'optimal glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma Medication']


abstract: Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ secreting different adipokines such as @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) and @entity1254 , among many others. In this study, we investigated the association between @entity2289 activity and serum @entity1254 levels in a group of 444 overweight and @entity28 @entity1 and assessed the interrelationship with visceral adipose tissue (VAT; CT-scan L4-L5), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HDL @entity165 (HDL-chol) and @entity32 (hs-CRP). @entity2289 was inversely related to @entity1254 (r = -0.25, p < 0.001; adjusted for age and BMI). After adjustment for age, VAT, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP, the relationship remained significant (r = -0.15; p = 0.001), but disappeared after additional adjustment for HDL-chol (r = -0.09; p = 0.067). Subjects were divided in two groups according to the median levels of @entity1254 or @entity2289 levels. @entity2289 activity (19.1 +/- 11.4 vs. 15.8 +/- 8.6 AU/ml; p = 0.003) and @entity1254 levels (9.8 +/- 4.6 vs. 8.4 +/- 4.0 microg/ml; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the low @entity1254 / @entity2289 groups. The difference in @entity2289 remained significant after adjustment for age and BMI (p = 0.001), became borderline significant after adjustment for age and VAT (p = 0.052), and disappeared after adjustment for age and HOMA-IR (p = 0.116) or age and HDL-chol (p = 0.443). The difference in @entity1254 levels remained significant after adjustment for age, VAT, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP (p = 0.006), but disappeared after additional adjustment for HDL-chol (p = 0.089). Further analyses suggest a contribution of HOMA-IR and/or HDL-chol in the relationship between @entity2289 and @entity1254 . HDL-chol was found to be the only factor independently determining both factors. In conclusion, in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 , @entity2289 activity was inversely related to serum @entity1254 , independent of visceral adipose tissue.

title: Inverse relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor-I activity and @entity1254 in overweight and @entity28 XXXX . Interrelationship with visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, HDL-chol and @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity6943 , the etiological agent of @entity6942 , causes significant mortality in endemic regions, but little is known regarding the immune mechanisms required for successful protective @entity1200 . To establish a model of immunization that could be used to study this we screened a library of @entity6943 strains for immunogenicity in @entity19 . BALB/c @entity19 were immunized with test strains, and 2 weeks later were given a lethal challenge (LC) of virulent @entity6943 . Among 49 strains tested, a single strain, CL04, exhibited strong immunoprotective capacity. Interestingly, CL04 had been cultured from a @entity1 with chronic colonization of @entity6943 , which is a rare phenomenon. @entity19 immunized with 0.1 x LD50 (5 x 10(3) CFU) of CL04 had significantly better survival and lower bacterial loads after LC compared to na  ve controls. Dose-response analysis demonstrated more robust @entity1200 after higher immunizing doses, and bacterial inactivation by gamma irradiation diminished the protective effect, indicating a requirement for viable organism for @entity1200 . CL04-induced @entity1200 was demonstrated both in @entity6943 -susceptible BALB/c and -resistant C57BL/6 @entity19 . We investigated the gene profile of CL04-induced @entity1200 by analyzing responses to immunization using cDNA microarray. Unique responses involving @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ), the proapoptotic regulator @entity30141 and cyclin-dependent kinase ( @entity12228 ) were detected in immunized @entity19 , but these responses were absent in na  ve-LC @entity19 . Further, responses differed between @entity19 strains, indicating @entity734 on host genetic background. This model will be useful in identifying elements of the immune response required for successful adaptive @entity1200 against @entity6943 .

title: A model of XXXX to @entity6943 : unique responses following immunization and acute lethal infection.

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity6943 :: ('28450', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia pseudomallei', 'B. pseudomallei']

entities_list: @entity6942 :: ('MESH:D008554', 'Disease') :: ['melioidosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['immunity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: current medication treatments for @entity6313 have less than full cure-rate efficacy and have the potential for adverse side effects. Vicks VapoRub (The Proctor _ Gamble Company, Cincinnati, @entity2145 ) has been advocated in the lay literature as an effective treatment for @entity6313 . This pilot study tested Vicks VapoRub as a safe, cost-effective alternative for treating @entity6313 . METHODS: eighteen @entity1 were recruited to use Vicks VapoRub as treatment for @entity6313 . @entity1 were followed at intervals of 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks; digital photographs were obtained during initial and follow-up visits. Primary outcome measures were mycological cure at 48 weeks and clinical cure through subjective assessment of appearance and quantifiable change in the area of affected nail by digital photography analysis. @entity1 satisfaction was a secondary outcome, measured using a single-item questionnaire scored by a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS: fifteen of the 18 @entity1 (83%) showed a positive treatment effect; 5 (27.8%) had a mycological and clinical cure at 48 weeks; 10 (55.6%) had partial clearance, and 3 (16.7%) showed no change. All 18 @entity1 rated their satisfaction with the nail appearance at the end of the study as "satisfied" (n = 9) or "very satisfied" (n = 9). CONCLUSIONS: Vicks VapoRub seems to have a positive clinical effect in the treatment @entity6313 .

title: Novel treatment of XXXX using over-the-counter mentholated ointment: a clinical case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['toenail onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Body image dissatisfaction is as well a risk factor for @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) and a central feature of @entity1277 . The exact nature of body image in adolescent @entity1277 is still debated. This study examined attitudinal body image in adolescent @entity1278 (BN), and the association of age, maturational timing, duration of @entity1277 , actual weight and general @entity458 with the attitudinal body image in @entity1277 . METHODS: The study group consisted of an outpatient clinical sample of adolescents attending for assessment because of @entity1277 . The attitudinal body image of 57 adolescents ( @entity1 ) aged 14-21 years was studied at the beginning of the treatment. The attitudes to body shape, body size, appearance, tone and femininity were studied by a Likert format scale and by the body dissatisfaction (BD) and drive for thinness scales (DT) from EDI-2 inventory. RESULTS: Bulimics reported more body image dissatisfaction than anorectics. In multivariate analyses BN and higher general @entity458 had strong associations with body image dissatisfaction. Longer duration of @entity1277 and earlier menarche were also associated with negative body image. DISCUSSION: Attitudinal body image differs between adolescent AN and BN. The @entity458 has a great impact on body image in @entity1277 , which should be taken into account in assessment and in treatment interventions.

title: Are there differences in the attitudinal body image between adolescent XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'ED', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1897 caused by @entity128 is rare. Only a few @entity1 have been reported in the literature. The etiology of this type of @entity66 is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To report on 5 @entity1 presenting with @entity1897 caused by a @entity128 . METHODS: Five @entity1 presented with 6 upper @entity1897 involving the axillary nerve (n = 2), musculocutaneous nerve (n = 2), radial nerve (n = 1), and suprascapular nerve (n = 1). There was no history of @entity130 in 3 @entity1 , but in the other 2 @entity1 , @entity129 occurred after a traumatic event. Because of a lack of spontaneous recovery, surgical exploration was performed. Torsion of the whole nerve (n = 5) or only 1 fascicle (n = 1) was found. Epifascicular epineurectomy and detorsion, as well as resection of the torsion site with subsequent primary nerve suture, were performed in 3 lesions. RESULTS: Good to excellent recovery of motor function was achieved in all 5 @entity1 . In the last @entity1 who presented with 2 nerve torsions, the follow-up period after the last surgery is too short to allow evaluation. CONCLUSION: Although not a frequent event, @entity128 should be taken into consideration when dealing with @entity1897 . Surgical exploration with detorsion or suture results in good recovery.

title: @entity1897 by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nerve lesion']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['torsional nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve palsy', 'Peripheral nerve palsy', 'peripheral nerve injuries']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['torsional nerve injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recognition the key role of @entity310 in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 makes possible to use new and efficacious drugs in the treatment. In the years past more trials were published, which are examining the efficacy of different biological drugs. There is no analysis which is including all the trials with biological drugs. OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the efficacy of biological drugs - efalizumab, etanercept, infliximab - in the treatment of @entity1569 . The evidences on effect of biological drugs were synthesized. The safety of drugs also was examined. METHODS: The authors searched the MEDLINE database for all trials with @entity310 in the treatment of @entity1569 . The authors conducted a meta-analysis with the results of trials. The random effect model were used for the data synthesis, the results were probed with Mantel-Haenszel test. RESULTS: Data were combined from 13 trials included 4165 @entity1 . All the three examined biological drugs are significantly superior to placebo treatment in improving the symptoms of @entity1569 . Data from 3 trials included 1242 @entity1 prove, that using 1 mg/kg etanercept the proportion of @entity1 whom skin response improved at least 75% is greater with 25% than using placebo (RD = 0.25 95% Cl 0.21-0.29). Data from 5 trials included 995 @entity1 show, that using 2 x 25 mg etanercept the proportion of @entity1 whom skin response improved at least 75% is greater with 29% than using placebo (RD = 0.29 95% Cl 0.24-0.33). Data from 5 trials included 759 @entity1 prove, that using 5 mg/kg infliximab the proportion of @entity1 whom skin response improved at least 75% is greater with 73% than using placebo (RD = 0.73 95% Cl 0.68-0.78). Biological treatment of 3 @entity1 improves 1 @entity1 's skin-symptoms at least with 75% (NNT = 2.7 95% Cl 2.6-2.9). CONCLUSIONS: According to the available data the @entity310 inhibitors are effective in improving the symptoms of @entity1569 non-responding to the conventional treatment. After the meta-analysis of data infliximab seems to be the most effective biological treatment.

title: [The role of biological drugs in the treatment of XXXX , results from 9 randomized placebo-controlled trials].

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: ABSTRACT Background: Falls in long-term care residents with @entity303 represent a costly but unresolved safety issue. The aim of the present study was to (1) determine the incidence of falls, fall-related injuries and fall circumstances, and (2) identify the relationship between @entity1 characteristics and fall rate in long-term care residents with @entity303 . Methods: Twenty long-term care residents with @entity303 (80    11 years; 60% male) participated. Falls were recorded on a standardized form, concerning @entity130 , time and place of fall and if the fall was witnessed. @entity1 characteristics (66 variables) were extracted from medical records and classified into the domains: demographics, activities of daily living, mobility, cognition and behavior, vision and hearing, medical conditions and medication use. We used partial least squares (PLS) regression to determine the relationship between @entity1 characteristics and fall rate. Results: A total of 115 falls (5.1    6.7 falls/ @entity1 /year) occurred over 19 months, with 85% of the residents experiencing a fall, 29% of falls had serious consequences and 28% was witnessed. A combination of impaired mobility, indicators of @entity146 , and use of analgesics, beta blockers and psycholeptics were associated with higher fall rates. In contrast, immobility, @entity712 , and the inability to communicate were associated with lower fall rates. Conclusions: Falls are frequent and mostly unwitnessed events in long-term care residents with @entity303 , highlighting the need for more effective and individualized fall prevention. Our analytical approach determined the relationship between a high fall rate and @entity73 , related to disinhibited behavior, in combination with mobility disability and fall-risk-increasing-drugs (FRIDs).

title: Factors related to the high fall rate in long-term care residents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['disinhibited behavior, diabetes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['fall injuries']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate use of the @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) as a nonsurgical approach for the management of @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with fulminant (n = 2), subacute (n = 5), or chronic (n = 5) @entity3181 underwent @entity5273 placement. @entity99 was demonstrated at computed tomography and color duplex sonography. @entity3181 was confirmed histologically in all @entity1 . Hemodynamic parameters and clinical characteristics were assessed. RESULTS: @entity5273 creation was successful in all @entity1 . Treatment reduced the portal venous pressure gradient by 75% and resulted in a mean shunt flow of 2,300 mL/min +/- 650 (standard deviation). No serious procedure-related complications were observed. The two @entity1 with fulminant @entity3181 died of @entity295 or progressive @entity1578 despite intervention. The other 10 @entity1 showed clinical improvement with reduction or disappearance of @entity843 . During follow-up, @entity409 occurred in five of 10 @entity1 with recurrence of @entity843 requiring repeat intervention. CONCLUSION: @entity5273 placement is safe and effective in @entity1 with portal @entity101 caused by subacute or chronic @entity3181 .

title: @entity3181 : technical, hemodynamic, and clinical results of treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['shunt dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic venous obstruction']

answer: @entity5273 :: (MESH:C562830,Disease) :: ['transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']


abstract: The major salivary glands produce about 90% of salivary secretions; the minor salivary glands produce the remainder. Standard conventional radiation therapy for advanced @entity5 typically involves administering high radiation dose to the major salivary glands bilaterally. In most cases, this causes a marked @entity1697 output. @entity2133 is the most prevalent late side effect of radiation for head and neck @entity5 and is cited by @entity1 as the major cause of decreased quality of life. The degree of @entity2133 has been reported to depend on the radiation dose and salivary gland volume irradiated. Several studies show dose volume response relationships in the salivary glands, suggesting the possibility of significant improvement in saliva production post radiation as well as quality of life if radiation techniques can spare the salivary glands. In recent years, conformal radiation techniques have evolved, which may allow radiation of @entity5 targets in the head and neck area while sparing substantial portions of salivary glands. It has been shown that in using these techniques, adequate irradiation of the targets while sparing major salivary glands is feasible. Early clinical experience showed substantial sparing of salivary flow following radiation and suggested an improvement of @entity5 control and of @entity2133 over that achieved with standard radiation techniques. We hypothesize that the addition of a radioprotector may further improve salivary function over that obtained with intensity modulated radiation therapy alone. To test this hypothesis, we initiated a pilot clinical trial whose principal objective is to compare measurements of unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates 6 months after intensity modulated radiation therapy plus @entity8503 ( @entity8503 ; MedImmune, Inc, Gaithersburg, @entity601 ) (study @entity1 ) with those obtained in historical controls treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy alone.

title: Pilot study of subcutaneous @entity8503 in XXXX undergoing postoperative intensity modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: preliminary data.

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in oral saliva']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oropharyngeal tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia', 'Xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethyol', 'amifostine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) signaling pathways are both independently implicated as key regulators in @entity5 formation and progression. Here, we report that the @entity5 -associated overexpression of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) desensitizes @entity2533 signaling and its cytostatic regulation through specific and persistent @entity4104 activation and @entity8110 induction in vivo. In @entity1 @entity5 cell lines, reduction of @entity2533 -mediated @entity2536 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and @entity7379 target gene activation were observed when @entity470 was overexpressed, but not in cells that expressed @entity470 at normal levels. We identified @entity4104 , which is activated specifically and persistently by overexpressed @entity470 , as a key signaling molecule responsible for the reduced @entity2533 sensitivity. Stable knockdown of @entity4104 using small hairpin RNA(shRNA) in Head and Neck ( @entity61707 ) and Epidermoid (A431) @entity5 cell lines resulted in reduced growth compared with control shRNA-transfected cells when grown as subcutaneous @entity5 xenografts. Furthermore, xenografts with @entity4104 knockdown displayed increased @entity7379 transcriptional activity, increased @entity2536 phosphorylation and decreased @entity8110 expression compared with control xenografts in vivo. Consistently, @entity8110 mRNA and protein expression was also significantly reduced when @entity470 activity was blocked by a specific @entity669 kinase inhibitor, @entity20830 , or in @entity4104 knockdown @entity5 . Similarly, @entity8110 knockdown also resulted in enhanced @entity7379 transcriptional activity in vivo. Importantly, there was no uptake of subcutaneous @entity61707 xenografts with @entity8110 knockdown. Taken together, we demonstrate here that targeting @entity4104 or @entity8110 for knockdown results in resensitization of @entity2533 's cytostatic regulation in vivo. Overall, these results establish @entity470 / @entity4104 / @entity8110 / @entity2533 signaling axis driving @entity5 growth, which can be targeted therapeutically.

title: Targeting XXXX and @entity8110 to restore @entity2533 cytostatic regulation of @entity5 cells in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'Transforming Growth Factor-b']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity4104 :: (6774,Gene) :: ['Stat3']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Management of castration-resistant @entity263 after @entity1205 has become an unmet need for which various agents have been investigated. We report our experience with a @entity1311 -based regimen. METHODS: From February 2004 to November 2007, 15 @entity1 (PTS) received @entity1311 80 mg/m(2) weekly on day 1, @entity3003 (AUC = 6) on day 1 every 21 days and @entity12749 140 mg on days -1, 0 and 1 every week. RESULTS: @entity1 characteristics are: median age 67 years (range 44-81), median performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) 1 (range 0-2) and median prostate-specific antigen 67.5 ng/ml (range 1.5-480). All PTS had soft-tissue and 12 (80%) also had @entity66 . A >50% decrease in prostate-specific antigen levels occurred in 9 PTS (60%, 95% CI 32-84). Responses included a partial response in 6 (40%, 95% CI 16-68) and stable disease in 5 PTS (33%). Median duration of progression-free survival was 4.0 months (range 1.1-13) and median survival was 14.6 months. After a median of 4 cycles (range 1-7), significant @entity137 included fatigue grade 3 in 2 PTS (13%), @entity16 grade 2 and grade 4 in 1 @entity1 each, and a single episode of grade 3 @entity4 . Myelosuppression was mild. Two PTS (13%) had @entity293 and 1 @entity1 @entity221 . One @entity1 died due to @entity932 . CONCLUSIONS: Administration of second-line @entity1311 -based chemotherapy after @entity1205 therapy is active in PTS with castration-resistant @entity263 . This regimen is too toxic for palliative therapy. Careful @entity1 selection is needed when this regimen is considered for therapy in these PTS.

title: @entity1311 , @entity12749 and @entity3003 combination chemotherapy after initial @entity1205 -based chemotherapy in castration-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['osseous disease']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The hepatic @entity2041 metabolism during partial @entity99 -reperfusion was studied in a @entity35 model with special reference to the hepatorenal @entity2041 metabolism system. Bile samples, and in- and outflow blood and tissue samples of the @entity35 liver, kidney and small intestine were collected during 60 min of 70% partial @entity409 and reperfusion. Both reduced and oxidized @entity2041 levels were determined by HPLC. The tissue ratio of reduced to @entity9492 ( @entity2197 / @entity9492 ratio) decreased significantly in the @entity63 hepatic lobe at 60 min after reperfusion. The @entity2197 / @entity9492 ratio in bile from the @entity63 hepatic lobes decreased significantly after 60 min of @entity63 and gradually recovered after reperfusion. The net release of @entity2197 from the nonischemic hepatic lobe increased at 60 min after reperfusion, since the calculated net release of @entity2197 from the whole liver increased significantly whereas there was no change in the net release from the @entity63 hepatic lobe. The tissue @entity2197 level in the kidney increased significantly at 180 min after reperfusion. The calculated net uptake of @entity2197 into the kidney, and the net release of total @entity462 from the kidney, tended to decrease at the end of 60 min of @entity63 , to increase at 60 min after reperfusion and then decrease at 180 min after reperfusion. We found that the hepatorenal @entity2041 metabolism was changed by partial @entity99 -reperfusion. These changes might reflect a hepatorenal interaction to maintain the @entity2041 redox state of the vital organs.

title: Hepatorenal interaction in @entity2041 redox state during partial @entity99 -reperfusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['GSSG', 'oxidized glutathione']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) is one of the smallest molecules synthesised in the @entity1 body. It is produced by three distinct @entity842 synthase isoenzymes (NOS) and plays a number of physiological functions in many organs and tissues. Among its numerous properties is the ability to influence programmed cell death. NO can either inhibit or induce apoptosis depending on the context of its production. In the liver, NO is produced in greater amounts especially during @entity32 . The effect of NO in liver physiology and pathophysiology can be both beneficial and detrimental. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine NO effect on cell viability and cell death in primary @entity35 hepatocyte culture. By using NO donor, @entity16475 (SNAP), the potential of exogenously delivered NO to influence spontaneous cell death in culture was examined. The morphological approach was used in order to discriminate between apoptotic and @entity39 cell death. The @entity3542 level, @entity1133 production and @entity493 aminotransferase leakage were determined in the culture medium. The immunocytochemical detection of three apoptotic markers: cleaved @entity4124 , cleaved @entity2311 and @entity60972 , was performed. Immunocytochemical analysis of hepatocyte apoptosis revealed different labelling pattern for each method, while the detection of cleaved @entity4124 best correlated with defined phenotypical criteria. Our data showed that under present conditions NO improved the viability of primary @entity35 hepatocytes compared to untreated cells. This was manifested by the increase of viable hepatocytes in contrast to the decrease of @entity39 and apoptotic hepatocytes as assessed by the morphological examination of cell culture. The NO effect was dose-dependent in the range of SNAP concentration between 200-800 microM.

title: The morphological and immunocytochemical evaluation of primary @entity35 hepatocytes undergoing spontaneous cell death: modulation by the @entity842 donor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16475 :: ('MESH:D026423', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity16475 :: (MESH:D026423,Chemical) :: ['S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine']


abstract: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is frequently associated with @entity1944 . @entity794 produces many kinds of toxins, the bacterial superantigens. The detection rate of toxins was 80.1% from 196 @entity794 strains. Neurological examinations revealed abnormalities in 59 out of 81 @entity483 @entity1 . Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 46 @entity1 randomly and showed abnormal findings in 38 of these @entity1 . In 23 @entity1 who underwent MRI and duodenal biopsy, 3 were found to be normal neurologically and 2 @entity1 showed normal duodenal tissue. However, 18 @entity1 had abnormal findings both on neurological examination and in duodenal tissue. Serial duodenal biopsy tests were performed in 10 @entity483 @entity1 . In 5 @entity1 , the findings of chronic @entity9317 disappeared after the therapy with @entity4279 . These data indicate that the therapy was effective not only for the @entity272 , but improved gastrointestinal tract lesions and cervical @entity602 , by eradicating bacterial superantigens.

title: The importance of bacterial superantigens produced by XXXX in the treatment of @entity483 using @entity4279 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal and cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: @entity6866 -I consists of post-traumatic limb @entity158 and autonomic abnormalities that continue despite apparent healing of inciting @entity130 . The cause of symptoms is unknown and objective findings are few, making diagnosis and treatment controversial, and research difficult. We tested the hypotheses that @entity6866 -I is caused by persistent minimal @entity128 (MDNI), specifically distal degeneration of small-diameter axons. These subserve @entity158 and autonomic function. We studied 18 adults with IASP-defined @entity6866 -I affecting their arms or legs. We studied three sites on subjects' @entity6866 -affected and matching contralateral limb; the @entity6866 -affected site, and nearby unaffected ipsilateral and matching contralateral control sites. We performed quantitative mechanical and thermal sensory testing (QST) followed by quantitation of epidermal neurite densities within @entity5855 -immunolabeled skin biopsies. Seven adults with chronic @entity158 , @entity4 , disuse, and prior surgeries from @entity130 or @entity571 provided symptom-matched controls. @entity6866 -I subjects had representative histories and symptoms. Medical procedures were unexpectedly frequently associated with @entity6866 onset. QST revealed @entity1931 (P<0.03) and heat- @entity158 @entity1931 (P<0.04) at the @entity6866 -affected site. Axonal densities were highly correlated between subjects' ipsilateral and contralateral control sites (r=0.97), but were diminished at the @entity6866 -affected sites of 17/18 subjects, on average by 29% (P<0.001). Overall, control subjects had no @entity158 (P=1.00), suggesting that @entity158 , disuse, or prior surgeries alone do not explain @entity393 . These results support the hypothesis that @entity6866 -I is specifically associated with post-traumatic focal MDNI affecting nociceptive small-fibers. This type of @entity128 will remain undetected in most clinical settings.

title: Evidence of focal small-fiber axonal degeneration in complex regional XXXX (reflex sympathetic dystrophy).

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'mechanical allodynia']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury', 'distal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful-site neurite reductions', 'leg pain']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['CRPS-associated neurite losses']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain syndrome-I']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accurate rotational alignment of the femoral component is of vital importance for successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Two anatomical references located on the anterior femur were recently introduced. To determine which is more reliable reference @entity2270 for the femoral component rotation in female @entity1 receiving TKA, the trochlear anterior line was compared with the femoral anterior tangent line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative computed tomography in 76 @entity1 receiving TKA for @entity85 was performed, and the images were reconstructed into three-dimensional models. The trochlear anterior line was defined as the line connecting the most anterior portion of the lateral and medial femoral condyles and the femoral anterior tangent line as the line parallel to distal anterior femoral surface. The two angles between these reference axes and the @entity954 ( @entity1041 ) in three-dimensional images (trochlear anterior line/ @entity1041 , femoral anterior tangent line/ @entity1041 ) were measured. The correlation between these two angles was computed. We investigated to see whether a significant difference in variance existed. RESULTS: The trochlear anterior line was internally rotated by 6.1        2.5   with respect to @entity1041 , whereas the femoral anterior tangent line by 9.5        3.8  . The trochlear anterior line was externally rotated by 3.4        3.3   with respect to the femoral anterior tangent line. There was a significant correlation between the trochlear anterior line/ @entity1041 and the femoral anterior tangent line/ @entity1041 . CONCLUSIONS: The variance of the trochlear anterior line/ @entity1041 was significantly smaller than that of the femoral anterior tangent line/ @entity1041 demonstrating a more consistent distribution. When conventional reference axes such as the posterior condylar @entity2270 or the anteroposterior @entity2270 are unclear or differ, surgeons can rely on these alternative references. When trochlear anterior line and femoral anterior tangent line contradicts, the former might be more reliable for the rotational alignment of the femoral component in female @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Case series with no comparison group, Level IV.

title: Comparison of alternate references for femoral rotation in female XXXX undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical transepicondylar axis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1575 and @entity82 are common sequelae to diverse @entity99 in the tropics or Nigeria. The development of @entity1575 or @entity82 is due to increased synthesis, deposition, and possibly reduced degradation of hepatic extracellular matrix components, especially collagens, such as @entity1986 and III, basement membrane type IV, microfibrillar type VI, and pericellular type V, non-collagenous proteins, such as laminin, fibronectin, undulin, etc., and various types of proteoglycans, such as hyaluronan, etc. In Nigeria, the common approach for diagnosing or assessing the activity of connective tissue in this organ is the histological examination of a biopsy, if one is performed by a specialist physician. The liver biopsy provides a static picture of the changes that have already taken place in the liver. Another possible method is (where the facilities are available) a quantitative assessment of the liver biopsy by biochemical determination of total collagen via @entity720 . Biopsy is an invasive method and cannot be repeated often enough in the bid to ensuring an intensive follow-up of the changes taking place during the course of antifibrotic treatment or therapy. Thus, serum or other biological fluid assays for connective tissue proteins, such as the aminoterminal propeptide of type III Procollagen PIIINP, or the dimeric carboxyterminal domain of type IV collagen known as @entity4049 or PIVCP, laminin, and others are essentially non-invasive and can be carried out repeatedly. In addition, the measurement of certain enzymes of connective tissue proteins in serum may the reflect activity of liver fibrogenesis. They offer the potential for diagnosis and therapeutic control. However, it is very important to note that circulating biochemical markers of fibrogenesis, fibrolysis or both may not reflect @entity1575 or @entity82 , since they are not liver-specific. Thus, the best diagnostic approach would be the identification and measurement in serum of the driving force of fibrogenic process.

title: Biochemical markers, extracellular components in liver XXXX and @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial type I']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis', 'Liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective To evaluate the outcomes of @entity1 with concomitant @entity1789 and @entity3361 . Methods @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1789 with an implantable cardiac defibrillator were retrospectively investigated, and the coexistence of @entity2553 was evaluated. The clinical features and outcomes were evaluated, especially in @entity1 with coexistent @entity2553 . A provocation test using @entity934 was performed in @entity1 confirmed to have no organic stenosis on percutaneous coronary angiography to confirm the presence of @entity2553 . Implantable cardiac @entity1457 status was checked every three months. Statistical comparisons of the groups with and without @entity2553 were performed. A univariate analysis was also performed, and the odds ratio for the risk of implantable cardiac @entity1457 was calculated. @entity1 Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity1789 , of whom six had coexistent @entity2553 . Results There were no significant differences in the laboratory data, echocardiogram findings, disease, or the history of taking any drugs between @entity1 with and without @entity2553 . There were significant differences in the clinical features of @entity1789 , i.e. @entity299 such as resuscitation from @entity2224 or appropriate implantable cardiac @entity1457 . Four @entity1 with @entity2553 had @entity299 such as resuscitation from @entity2224 and/or appropriate @entity1457 ; three of them had no @entity299 with @entity460 channel blocker therapy to prevent @entity2553 . The coexistence of @entity2553 was a potential risk factor for an appropriate implantable cardiac @entity1457 (odds ratio: 13.5, confidence interval: 1.572-115.940, p value: 0.035) on a univariate analysis. Conclusion @entity3361 could be a risk factor for @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity1789 .

title: Outcomes of XXXX @entity1 with @entity3361 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['defibrillator shock']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery vasospasm', 'Coronary artery vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1789 :: (MESH:D053840,Disease) :: ['Brugada Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and bacteriological efficacy and tolerability of @entity2889 and @entity2892 / @entity9234 , given intravenously, in the treatment of @entity1320 in hospitalized @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Open multicentre, randomized, parallel groups clinical trial, comparing @entity2889 and @entity2892 / @entity9234 . ENVIRONMENT: Six Italian hospitals. @entity1 : Eighty-six hospitalized @entity1 , aged 16 or more, with @entity1320 requiring parenteral antibiotic therapy, were randomized to two treatment groups (43 on @entity2889 , 43 on @entity2892 / @entity9234 ). Eighty-four @entity1 completed the study and 2 were excluded from efficacy analysis. TREATMENT: @entity2889 and @entity2892 / @entity9234 were administered intravenously at 1 g TID. Dosage was reduced in @entity1 with @entity8 . Mean treatment duration in clinically evaluable @entity1 was 7.0 days in @entity2889 group and 7.6 days in @entity2892 / @entity9234 group. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical efficacy evaluated at the end of the therapy and 2-4 weeks after. Bacteriological efficacy before, during, and immediately after the end or the modification of the experimental treatment. All adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: 42/43 (98%) @entity1 on @entity2889 and 39/41 (95%) on @entity2892 / @entity9234 had satisfactory clinical response. In both groups bacteriological response was satisfactory in 26/27 (96%) evaluable @entity1 . No statistically significant differences were found, both for clinical and bacteriological efficacy. Only two adverse reaction to study drug were observed (1 rash per treatment group). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2889 , broad spectrum antibiotic with high stability to @entity1 renal DHP-1, given alone for the treatment of @entity1320 is as effective and well tolerated as @entity2892 / @entity9234 .

title: [ @entity2889 (Merrem) vs @entity2892 / @entity9234 in hospital treatment of XXXX . A multicenter study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem', 'Meropenem']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infections']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal infections']


abstract: Principals. Lightning is one of the most powerful and spectacular natural phenomena. Lightning strikes to @entity1 are uncommon but can cause devastating @entity130 . We analyzed lightning-related admissions to our emergency department from January 2000 to December 2010 to review and highlight the main features of lightning-related @entity130 . Methods. All data were collected prospectively and entered in the emergency department' database (Qualicare Switzerland) and retrospectively analyzed. Results. Nine @entity1 with lightning-related @entity130 presented to our emergency department. Four were female, and five were male. The most common site of injury was the nervous system (6 out of 9 @entity1 ) followed by the cardiovascular system (5 out of 9 @entity1 ). The third most common @entity130 occurred to the skin (3 out of 9 @entity1 ). Four of the @entity1 had to be hospitalized for further observation. Conclusion. Reports of lightning strikes and related @entity130 are scarce. The establishment of an international register would therefore benefit the understanding of their injury patterns and facilitate specific treatment.

title: Injuries, sequelae, and treatment of lightning-induced XXXX : 10 years of experience at a swiss @entity130 center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) associate with Argonaute (Ago), @entity58949 , and @entity58950 proteins to form RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs). RISCs represent a critical checkpoint in the regulation and bioavailability of miRNAs. Recent studies have revealed dysregulation of miRNAs in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and its animal model, @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ); however, the function of RISCs in @entity6503 and @entity15 is largely unknown. Here, we examined the expression of Ago, @entity58949 , and @entity58950 in CNS tissue, oligodendrocytes (OLs), brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes, and CD3(+)splenocytes (SCs) of @entity6503 mic, and found that global @entity26364 protein levels were significantly dysregulated. Specifically, @entity46946 and @entity58950 levels were decreased in OLs and brain-infiltrating T cells in @entity6503 @entity19 . Accordingly, assembly of @entity46946 / @entity58949 / @entity58950 complexes in @entity6503 brain tissues was disrupted, as confirmed by immunoprecipitation experiments. In parallel with alterations in @entity26364 complex content in OLs, we found downregulation of miRNAs essential for differentiation and survival of OLs and myelin synthesis. In brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes, aberrant @entity26364 formation contributed to miRNA-dependent proinflammatory helper T-cell polarization. In CD3(+) SCs, we found increased expression of both @entity46946 and @entity58950 in @entity6503 compared with nonimmunized @entity19 . Therefore, our results demonstrate a gradient in expression of miRNA between primary activated T cells in the periphery and polarized CNS-infiltrating T cells. These results suggest that, in polarized autoreactive effector T cells, miRNA synthesis is inhibited in response to dysregulated @entity26364 assembly, allowing these cells to maintain a highly specific proinflammatory program. Therefore, our findings may provide a mechanism that leads to miRNA dysregulation in @entity6503 / @entity15 .

title: Dysregulated XXXX ( @entity26364 ) Assembly within CNS Corresponds with Abnormal miRNA Expression during Autoimmune Demyelination.

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity26364 :: (MESH:D012327,Disease) :: ['RNA-Induced Silencing Complex']


abstract: Nano-sized @entity692 (nanoHA) reinforced composites, mimicking natural bone, were produced. Examination by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanoHA particles had a rod-like morphology, 20-30 nm in width and 50-80 nm in length. The phase composition of @entity692 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The nanoHA particles were incorporated into @entity27023 ( @entity26337 )/ @entity4351 ( @entity4351 ) matrix to make new nanocomposites: nanoHA- @entity26337 / @entity4351 . Porous nanocomposite scaffolds were then produced using a porogen leaching method. The interconnectivity of the porous structure of the scaffolds was revealed by non-destructive X-ray microtomography. Porosity of 84% was achieved and pore sizes were approximately around 300-400 microm. An in vitro study found that the nanocomposites were bioactive as indicated by the formation of a bone-like apatite layer after immersion in simulated body fluid. Furthermore, the nanocomposites were able to support the growth and proliferation of primary @entity1 osteoblast (HOB) cells. HOB cells developed a well organized actin cytoskeletal protein on the nanocomposite surface. The results demonstrate the potential of the nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering applications for bone repair.

title: Development of nano-sized XXXX reinforced composites for tissue engineering scaffolds.

entities_list: @entity27023 :: ('CHEBI:60758', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['PCL', 'polycaprolactone']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 undergoing open-heart valve replacement were divided randomly into two groups in this study; intermittent perfusion of cold crystalloid (St. Thomas Hospital solution) with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (hypothermic group) and continuous administration of warm @entity1503 with normothermic CPB (normothermic group) respectively. Tissue samples were taken from the right atrium before weaning from CPB and from the right appendage 30 minutes after removal of the cross-clamp. The results of pathological study in these two groups were as follows: the structural alterations were most severe during the @entity63 period in the hypothermic group. Damages of the myocardial mitochondria examined with transmission electron microscope were found more severe in the hypothermic group than in the normothermic group, and in the reperfusion period than in the @entity63 period. Loss of integrity of the mitochondrial membrane could be noted during reperfusion in the hypothermic group. The surface to volume ratios of mitochondria of each period of the two groups were calculated by computerizing the microphotographs of the myocardium. It was shown that the average of the surface to volume ratios was smallest in the reperfusion period in the normothermic group. It seemed that the volumes of the mitochondria were larger in the warm group than in the cold one. Probably the results were due to more severe damages of the mitochondrial membranes in the hypothermic group, which led to the release of the contents out of the mitochondria while in the normothermic group, the @entity1372 -pump was disordered and it made the mitochondria swell. Pathologically, blood cardioplegic perfusion with the use of normothermic CPB is a feasible method for myocardial protection in open-heart surgery.

title: Morphometric evaluation on myocardial protection of cold crystalloid versus warm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood cardioplegia']


abstract: This study was designed to examine the effect of exaggerated @entity8371 -pathway flux on sciatic nerve content of @entity8371 , @entity8580 , and water. @entity35 with @entity3839 -induced @entity6 of 3- and 12-wk duration and nondiabetic @entity35 fed for 5 days on a diet containing 20% @entity3649 were employed initially. All three conditions showed marked elevation of nerve @entity8371 content, combined with @entity948 accumulation in the @entity6 @entity35 . @entity3649 -fed @entity35 showed a significant (P less than .01) increase in nerve water content of approximately 30% (when expressed as water/unit dry wt tissue). @entity6 @entity35 showed no change in nerve water. Both @entity6 and @entity3649 -fed @entity35 showed a depletion of nerve free @entity8580 , although the extent of depletion was greater in the latter. All these changes were prevented or attenuated by the @entity3650 reductase inhibitor @entity5120 ( @entity5120 ). When @entity6 @entity35 were fed a 20% @entity3649 diet for 5 days, nerves of 3- but not 12-wk @entity6 @entity35 showed marked increases in water content. A more mild degree of @entity1624 , induced by 5 or 21 days of feeding a diet containing 10% @entity3649 to nondiabetic @entity35 , provoked an increase in nerve water content associated with @entity8371 levels of a similar order to those seen in @entity6 . We do not know why @entity8371 -pathway metabolites cause nerve hyperhydration in @entity1624 but not in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 . Such differences urge caution in the use of @entity3649 feeding to model the consequences of exaggerated @entity8371 -pathway flux in nerve to face questions related to @entity528 in @entity6 .

title: Does @entity3649 feeding provide a valid model of consequences of exaggerated XXXX -pathway flux in peripheral nerve in experimental @entity6 ?

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozocin']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose', 'Galactose']

entities_list: @entity1624 :: ('MESH:D005693', 'Disease') :: ['galactosemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8371 :: ('CHEBI:26191', 'Chemical') :: ['polyols', 'polyol']

answer: @entity8371 :: (CHEBI:26191,Chemical) :: ['polyol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The body's response to stress is comprised of two opposing reactions, namely @entity32 and immunosuppression. The balance between these two reactions not only changes over time, but also varies among different cells or organs. Limited information is available regarding the cytokine balance of circulating blood and inflammatory sites after thoracic surgical stress. DESIGN: The subjects of the present study were 10 @entity1 undergoing @entity418 surgery which requires thoracolaparotomic manipulation. The postoperative levels of @entity687 , @entity688 , @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) and soluble @entity5 necrosis factor receptor I (sTNF-RI) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) and peripheral blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The absolute concentration of cytokines in lower respiratory tract ([cytokine](LRT)) was estimated by using the ratio of @entity1133 concentration in BALF and serum. RESULTS: The levels of these cytokines in peripheral blood peaked within 24 h of start of the surgery ( @entity687 85.6 +/- 29.8 pg/ml; @entity688 65.1 +/- 10.6 pg/ml; @entity1193 2,807.8 +/- 652.8 pg/ml, and sTNF-RI 3,996.3 +/- 380.1 pg/ml). The level of [ @entity687 ](LRT) immediately after surgery was approximately 20 times higher than that in peripheral blood, and the level of [ @entity1193 ](LRT) was approximately 4 times higher. In contrast, the level of [ @entity688 ](LRT) immediately after surgery was comparable to that in peripheral blood, but the level of [sTNF RI](LRT) immediately after surgery was approximately one fifth of that in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS: The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions varies from one part of the body to the next, and changes over time after surgery. The profile of stress-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines should be analyzed further to establish appropriate and effective cytokine modulatory therapeutic approaches.

title: Cytokine profile of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids following thoracic XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: The effect on serum lipids, lipoprotein fractions, body composition, @entity1017 and uremic state of including fat in intravenous nutrition was evaluated in @entity35 with @entity5507 . Uremic @entity35 were given high energy (1385 kJ.kg body weight-1.day-1), low @entity1568 (0.6 g N.kg body weight-1.day-1) @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) for 12 d with either @entity413 or @entity413 plus 30% lipids (Intralipid) as the energy source. Additional uremic and nonuremic groups were fed a standard diet orally. During @entity3147 , serum @entity412 and @entity165 levels were slightly higher in @entity35 fed lipid-based @entity3147 compared to those administered @entity413 -based @entity3147 or fed the oral diet; but there were no differences 8 h after feeding. The serum lipoprotein fractions showed accumulation of lipids in LDL resulting from the lipid-based @entity3147 but no differences in VLDL. In orally fed uremic @entity35 , more lipids were found in HDL than in the @entity3147 -treated @entity35 . The fractional clearance of the fat emulsion was normal and independent of the nutrition composition. Uremic @entity35 administered lipid-based @entity3147 for 21 d had the same @entity1017 as orally fed, nonuremic control @entity35 (23 +/- 3 vs. 22 +/- 2%); @entity413 -based @entity3147 did not support normal growth (10 +/- 1%). Uremic @entity35 fed orally did not grow and retained significantly more body water than @entity3147 -fed uremic @entity35 . In uremic animals, lipid-based @entity3147 also was associated with normal body composition despite significantly lower levels of @entity6211 in plasma, skeletal muscle and heart tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of intravenous nutrition on lipoprotein metabolism, body composition, XXXX and uremic state in experimental @entity5507 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity5507 :: ('MESH:D014511', 'Disease') :: ['chronic uremia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['total parenteral nutrition', 'TPN']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: Recent advances in computer technology offer to the medical profession specialized tools for gathering medical data, processing power, as well as fast storing and retrieving capabilities. Artificial intelligence (AI), an emerging field of computer science is studying the issues of @entity1 problem solving and decision making. Furthermore, rule-based systems and knowledge-based systems that are other fields of AI have been adopted by many scientists in an effort to develop intelligent medical diagnostic systems. In this study artificial @entity1274 (ANN) are introduced as a tool for building an intelligent diagnostic system; the system does not attempt to replace the physician from being the decision maker but to enhance ones facilities for reaching a correct decision. An integrated diagnostic system for assessing certain @entity4094 is used in this study as an example for demonstrating the proposed methodology. The diagnostic system is composed of modules that independently provide numerical data to the system from the clinical examination of a @entity1 , and from various laboratory tests that are performed. The examination procedure has been standardized by developing protocols for each specialized area, in cooperation with experts in the area. At the conclusion of the clinical examination and laboratory tests, data in the form of a numerical vector represents a medical examination snapshot of the subject. Artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed using the unsupervised self-organizing feature maps algorithm. Data from 71 subjects were collected. The ANN models were trained with the data from 41 subjects, and tested with the data from the remaining 30 subjects. Two sets of models were developed; those trained with the data from only the clinical examinations; and those trained by combining the clinical and the laboratory test data. The diagnostic yield that was obtained for the unknown cases is in the region of 73 to 93% for the models trained with only the clinical data, and in the region of 73 to 100% for those trained by combining both the clinical and laboratory data. The pictorial representation of the diagnostic models through the self organized two dimensional feature maps provide the physician with a friendly @entity1 -computer interface and a comprehensive tool that can be used for further observations, for example in monitoring disease progression of a subject.

title: Medical diagnostic systems: a case for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['neural networks']


abstract: We have experienced two cases of long-term survival after surgery for @entity356 case with @entity409 . One case was of a 66-year-old male @entity1 diagnosed as having type 1 advanced @entity356 located in the posterior wall of the lower body with @entity409 . The stage of this case was P0H1N1T2M0 stage IV. This @entity1 underwent distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node resection, partial hepatectomy of the S3 region including the metastatic @entity96 and coagulation of metastatic @entity96 in the S6 and S7 regions. This @entity1 was treated by intra-hepatic arterial infusion of @entity1487 , CDDP and peroral administration of UFT after surgery. This @entity1 has died at 3 years and 7 months after surgery. The other case was of a 55-year-old male @entity1 diagnosed as having type 2 advanced @entity356 located in the lesser curvature of the @entity418 with @entity409 . The stage of this case was P0H1N1T3 M0 stage IV. This @entity1 underwent total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection, wedge resection of the S8 region including the metastatic @entity96 and coagulation of a metastatic @entity96 in the S4 region. This @entity1 was treated by @entity99 using coils, peroral administration of UFT, lentinan, @entity1139 , and continuous low-dosage @entity1487 and CDDP after surgery. This @entity1 has died at 3 years and 6 months after surgery. These results suggest that for long-term survival in cases of @entity356 with @entity409 , hepatectomy or coagulation of the @entity3 with postoperative chemotherapy are indicated in cases that have no non-curative factors and only a few @entity3 .

title: Long-term survival after @entity356 with XXXX : a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction of the hepatic artery']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preliminary studies have shown valspodar ( @entity7358 : Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ) to be a potent inhibitor of multidrug resistance (MDR), one cause of resistance to chemotherapy. An international randomized control study (Phase III) evaluated the use of @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 (VAD) with (n = 46) and without (n = 48) valspodar in the treatment of @entity1 with recurring or refractory multiple @entity1582 . METHODS: @entity1 with documented recurrence or refractory @entity1582 were stratified based on prior treatment exposure and @entity1011 and randomized. Because of interaction of valspodar with @entity1891 and @entity632 , the doses of these drugs were reduced compared with the VAD-alone arm, and the @entity632 was further reduced in the last 15 @entity1 when given with valspodar based on pharmacokinetic and @entity137 studies. RESULTS: There were no complete or near-complete responses. There were 29% partial responses (PRs) in the VAD-alone arm and 44% with valspodar (P = 0.2). Median progression-free survival was 7 months with VAD alone and 4.9 months with valspodar (P = 0.50). Subjective response was 19% with VAD alone and 17% with valspodar (P = 1.0). Median survival with VAD alone was 18.5 months and 15.3 with the addition of valspodar (P = 0.055). @entity137 of Grade 3 or greater was higher (P < 0.0001) in the valspodar arm (89%) compared with the VAD-alone arm (58%). The reduction of @entity632 dose reduced @entity137 but not significantly (P = 0.11). CONCLUSION: The addition of the MDR-modulating agent valspodar to VAD did not improve treatment outcome. @entity137 was increased in the valspodar-treated group compared with VAD alone.

title: Phase III study of @entity7358 (valspodar) in combination with @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 (valspodar/VAD) versus VAD alone in @entity1 with recurring or refractory multiple XXXX (E1A95): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a 17 beta- @entity53 vaginal tablet on @entity790 , vaginal pH, vaginal cytology, endometrial thickness, and plasma @entity53 level in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity790 . METHOD: Twenty-seven postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity790 received 25 microg of a 17 beta- @entity53 tablet intravaginally daily for the first 2 weeks, followed by 10 weeks of twice a week dosage. The results of @entity790 , vaginal pH, vaginal cytology, endometrial thickness, and plasma @entity53 level were analysed. RESULTS: The @entity790 improved significantly in all @entity1 . The mean vaginal pH was significantly decreased. The vaginal cytology showed estrogenic effect on the karyopyknotic index and the maturation value. There was no significant difference in endometrial thickness and level of plasma @entity53 before and after treatment. There was one case of @entity3556 from endometrial proliferation. CONCLUSION: Local vaginal treatment of @entity53 (25 microg) had a positive effect on the @entity790 , vaginal pH, and vaginal cytology. No elevation of plasma @entity53 level was detected after treatment.

title: Effect and safety of 17 beta-estradiol vaginal tablet in postmenopausal @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital symptoms']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity790 :: (MESH:D014564,Disease) :: ['urogenital symptoms']


abstract: To characterize the evolution of @entity32 in the @entity649 ( @entity649 ) and test the hypothesis that @entity32 is associated with a poor outcome in @entity1 with @entity649 , we performed fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 125 @entity1 and compared BAL cells and protein concentrations in survivors and nonsurvivors. @entity649 followed @entity1850 in 35 @entity1 , major @entity130 in 41, and other causes in 49. When possible, BAL was performed on Days 3, 7, and 14 after the onset of @entity649 . Sixty-five @entity1 (52%) had more than one BAL. We first performed analyses on each BAL day using information from all 212 BAL in the 125 @entity1 (cross-sectional analysis). All @entity1 had increased leukocytes and total protein in the first BAL (Day 3 after onset of @entity649 ). In @entity1 with @entity649 following @entity295 , the percentage of BAL polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was higher on Day 7 (p = 0.11) and particularly Day 14 (p = 0.02) in @entity1 who died; there was a consistent trend of a higher PMN concentration on all days in @entity1 who died then in those who lived. In @entity1 with @entity649 following @entity130 and other risks, however, BAL PMN measures did not distinguish survivors from @entity1 who died. Analysis of serial data from the @entity1 with more than one BAL showed that alveolar macrophages (AM) increased in survivors of @entity649 , both in absolute numbers and as a percentage of total cells; this pattern was most pronounced in the @entity295 @entity1 . The cross-sectional data analysis suggests that @entity32 occurs frequently in @entity1 with @entity649 following @entity295 and is associated with a high mortality.

title: Evolution of bronchoalveolar cell populations in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['sustained alveolar inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'adult respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis syndrome']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['adult respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: Recently abstinent @entity888 (Meth) abusers showed @entity531 within the striatum. The factors that contribute to this dysregulation and the persistence of these effects are unclear. The current study addressed these knowledge gaps. First, we evaluated the brains of @entity35 with a history of Meth self-administration following various periods of forced abstinence. Micro-computed tomography revealed a marked reduction in vessel diameter and vascular volume uniquely within the striatum between 1 and 28 days after Meth self-administration. Microvessels showed a greater impairment than larger vessels. Subsequently, we determined that @entity935 (DA) D2 receptors regulated Meth-induced striatal vasoconstriction via acute noncontingent administration of Meth. These receptors likely regulated the response to striatal @entity519 , as @entity519 inducible factor 1a was elevated. Acute Meth exposure also increased striatal levels of endothelin receptor A and decreased neuronal @entity842 synthase. Collectively, the data provide novel evidence that Meth-induced striatal @entity531 involves DA receptor signaling that results in vasoconstriction via endothelin receptor A and @entity842 signaling. As these effects can lead to @entity519 and trigger neuronal damage, these findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the selective striatal toxicity observed in the brains of Meth-abusing @entity1 .

title: @entity935 receptors and the persistent @entity531 induced by XXXX self-administration in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular dysregulation']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic criteria and angiographic classifications of @entity12040 by presenting the clinical, angiographic, and prognostic findings and a prospective follow-up of 78 @entity1 . Occlusive thromboaortopathy or @entity12040 is a large vessel @entity1333 . The disease is systemic with an autoimmune and genetic etiology. The complete clinical and angiographic manifestations are reported for 78 cases based on diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology with a mean 6 +/- 3.2 years follow-up. The mean age was 34.7 and female:male ratio was 3.6:1. According to National Institute of Health criteria, 61.5% of @entity1 were in the acute phase of disease with systemic symptoms such as @entity221 , @entity353 , malaise, and elevated @entity1851 levels. Immunologic markers, such as antinuclear antibody and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, were negative. The tuberculin test result was positive in 47%. Vascular bruit was present in 89%. Almost all @entity1 had stenoses, occlusions, or aneurysmatic changes of the aorta and its main branches. @entity101 was detected in 58% and @entity4346 was initially present in 22 (28%) @entity1 . The angiographic manifestations were classified as type I, cervicobrachial type with 20 cases (25.6%); type II, thoracoabdominal type with 13 cases (16.6%); type III, peripheral type with 10 cases (12.8%); and type IV, generalized type with 35 cases (44.8%). The coronary arteries were involved in 6 cases, pulmonary arteries in 11 initially 5 in follow-up (16 cases), and renal arteries in 28 cases, respectively. A good correlation of the clinical manifestations and the prognosis was observed. During follow-up, five @entity1 suffered from @entity583 , six had @entity64 , seven @entity1 underwent aortic valve replacement, and six @entity1 died (mortality rate, 7.6%). The specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic criteria were 94% and 76%, respectively. In contrast to ours and Nasu's classification in the new classification of Numano, some angiographic types and subtypes of @entity12040 are not present in our @entity1 .

title: Occlusive thromboaortopathy ( XXXX ): clinical and angiographic features and a brief review of literature.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu disease']


abstract: Generalized essential @entity8721 is a rare @entity272 characterized by the development of dilated venules beginning at the lower extremities and progressively spreading out to the rest of the body. It is not related to any known affection and is therefore considered to be essential. The condition tends to affect mostly @entity1 in their midthirties. We report the case of a 49-year-old healthy @entity1 worried by the progressive extension of dilated vessels on the conjunctivae of both eyes and the progressive worsening at the condition over the last five years. On clinical examination he presented also telangiectasies on both arms and legs which had also grown worse over the last five years. All further investigations and complementary examinations showed no disease. A cutaneous biopsy showed dilated venules in the superior dermis supporting the diagnosis of @entity8721 . Several differential diagnoses are discussed. With confirmation of the clinical diagnosis we started treatment with oral @entity803 . Because of the poor response we stopped treatment after a period of three months.

title: [Ocular manifestation of progressive essential XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia', 'telangiectases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder']

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['telangiectases']


abstract: This was a retrospective study to ascertain the prevalence and clinical features of @entity311 in @entity1 in Enugu between January 1998 and January 2000. Case notes of two thousand @entity1 were reviewed, one hundred and fifty-five (7.75%) had a diagnosis of @entity311 , with a male/female ratio of 1.2:1. The age range was two days to twelve months with a mean of 5.06 +/- 3.24 months. Nine @entity1 (5.8 %) were less than seven days old. Ninety-nine of the @entity1 (63.9%) had temperature > or = 37.5 degrees C. @entity294 was a symptom in 52 (33.5%) @entity1 , while vomiting alone or in combination with @entity294 was a presenting feature in 37 (23.87%) of the @entity1 . Twenty-eight @entity1 (18.1%) had respiratory symptoms of which, two had @entity3127 . Other associated illnesses included. @entity295 : 6(3.8%). infective @entity294 ; 5(3.2%), and @entity293 ; 4 (2.6%). @entity311 is common in @entity1 less than 6 months of age and associated with symptoms common with other childhood illnesses.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in infancy at Enugu, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) has become an alternative to ion-exchange chromatography for @entity535 analysis in biological fluids. However, validation studies for its urine application are limited, and the corresponding reference values have not been reported extensively. We studied the long-term performance of a commercial HPLC method for urine @entity535 analysis and established specific age-related reference values for urine @entity535 excretion. METHODS: Method performance was continuously assessed by recovery and precision studies with urine samples and controls, respectively. Healthy individuals were prospectively analyzed throughout a 5-year period. Excretion of individual @entity1522 , expressed as mmol/mol of @entity1011 , was included in six age-related groups for random urine samples (0-1 month, 1-12 months, 1-3 years, 3-8 years, 8-16 years, and >16 years) and in two groups for 24-h urine collections (8-16 years and >16 years). RESULTS: Over a 1-year period, CVs for retention times were <0.5% and 3.3% for within- and between-run imprecision, respectively. For @entity535 concentrations, within-run CVs were 2.9-17% and between-run CVs were 7.1-46% for the same period. @entity535 recoveries were 78-122%. Reference intervals for 35 @entity1522 were calculated and compared with the concentrations observed in @entity1 diagnosed with specific pathologies. A few statistically significant differences were found between the reference intervals derived using random and 24-h urine collections. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term reliability of the RP-HPLC method for urine @entity535 analysis has been demonstrated. Representative age-related reference intervals for the RP-HPLC method in both random urine and 24-h urine collections have been established, and their feasibility for diagnosis of @entity9078 has been shown. These intervals could serve as a guide for laboratories changing to HPLC methods.

title: Year-long validation study and reference values for urinary XXXX using a reversed-phase HPLC method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity9078 :: ('MESH:D000608', 'Disease') :: ['aminoaciduria']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']