abstract: 1. The effect of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade on the release of pancreatic glucagon, in response to stimulation of the peripheral ends of the @entity129 has been examined in adrenalectomized @entity291 3-5 weeks after birth. In addition, the effects of insulin, @entity3897 and @entity1943 on the glucagon response to splanchnic nerve stimulation have been assessed in adrenalectomized @entity235 . 2. In @entity291 release of pancreatic glucagon in response to splanchnic nerve stimulation was not suppressed by @entity5521 at a dose that effectively abolished alpha-adrenergic inhibition of insulin release, or by @entity1169 , at a dose that completely eliminated the chronotropic action of the cardiac sympathetic innervation. 3. In @entity235 release of pancreatic glucagon in response to splanchnic nerve stimulation was not suppressed by @entity3897 (0.2 mg/kg) or @entity1943 , at a dose that caused a steady fall in the concentration of @entity16340 in the circulating plasma (0.5 microgram-kg-1 min-1). Glucagon release was apparently potentiated by exogenous insulin (4.0 u./kg). 4. The results are discussed in relation to the findings of other workers and it is concluded that the precise mechanism whereby stimulation of the sympathetic innervation to the pancreas leads to secretion of glucagon merits more detailed investigation.

title: Certain pharmacological characteristics of the release of pancreatic glucagon in response to stimulation of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic nerves']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['splanchnic nerves']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of extraneural @entity3 of @entity11 is low. @entity3 occur at different sites and, infrequently, as diffuse @entity236 . Direct contact of a @entity11 with extrameningeal tissues might be a reason for extraneural @entity3 . However, the role of haematogenous spread remains unclear. METHODS: We report on a young @entity1 who suffered from a left frontal anaplastic WHO grade III @entity816 , which was treated with gross total resection and irradiation (60 Gy). No local relapse occurred during the following course, but a diffuse infiltration of the bone marrow was diagnosed 12 months after the initial diagnosis. The @entity1 died 6 months later, as a result of hypercalcaemia and @entity3043 . The histopathological properties of the @entity5 and its bone @entity3 were analysed, as well as the mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene ( @entity818 ). To study the route of @entity5 dissemination, the peripheral blood of the @entity1 was analysed for circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs). RESULTS: This study describes a rare case of an extraneurally metastasised WHO grade III @entity816 . The occurrence of @entity236 coinciding with the finding of a stable @entity5 is a notably unusual situation. The properties of the primary @entity5 were maintained within the @entity3 in our @entity1 . No CTCs were found in the peripheral blood at one random time point after the diagnosis of bone @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite young @entity1 age, a stable intracranial course with a single location and mutations in the @entity818 gene, the @entity1 's overall survival was short at 18 months after diagnosis. This finding illustrates the therapeutic dilemma in @entity1 with bone marrow involvement complicating the use of alkylating agents, such as @entity2903 . Repeated and systematic blood sampling in a large cohort of @entity1 is needed for the detection of CTCs in @entity11 @entity1 with systemic @entity5 spread. Future studies investigating how intrinsic factors in @entity11 cell biology cause rare @entity3 in these @entity5 are needed.

title: Skeletal spread of an @entity816 (WHO grade III) and preservation of histopathological properties within XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow infiltration']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of and differences in self-reported occasions of @entity7298 (such as at celebrations and other parties), compensatory behaviours and specific @entity1017 prevention strategies among young Dutch adults according to sociodemographics and overweight status. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Cross-sectional data were analysed from Dutch adults aged 20-40 years, recruited from an Internet research panel (n = 857, response rate = 76.6%). Using electronic questionnaires, self-report data were collected on sociodemographics, body mass index (BMI), occasions of @entity7298 , compensatory behaviours, and diet and physical activity used as @entity1017 prevention strategies. Associations were tested using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 48.6% reported occasions of @entity7298 at least once a week during the 4-week period, 44.6% reported compensating for these occasions and 72.9% reported engaging in dietary and physical activities specifically for @entity1017 prevention purposes. Only 32.1% of the respondents reported using the recommended combination of diet and physical activity as a @entity1017 prevention strategy. In addition, results showed that overweight @entity1 (BMI > or = 25 kg m-2) and @entity1 were more likely to report @entity7298 than @entity1 with healthy body weights (odds ratio (OR) = 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-2.42) and @entity1 (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.14-1.97). Overweight @entity1 , @entity1 and @entity1 who regularly reported @entity7298 were also significantly more likely to report compensatory behaviours by eating less and to report specific @entity1017 prevention strategies using diet and physical activity. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that @entity1 experience frequent occasions of @entity7298 and try to compensate for such occasions in different ways. However, the combination of dietary changes and physical activity recommended by experts was seldom reported.

title: What young Dutch adults say they do to keep from gaining weight: self-reported prevalence of XXXX , compensatory behaviours and specific weight control behaviours.

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['overeating']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity7298 :: (MESH:D006963,Disease) :: ['overeating']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical utility of pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the determination of @entity338 in @entity1 with @entity337 . Therefore, in 33 unselected consecutive @entity1 with @entity337 , and in 16 @entity1 without @entity299 Doppler echocardiography was performed to measure blood flow at the aortic and pulmonary valve. The regurgitant blood flow (RBV) was calculated as the difference of the @entity64 volumes measured at the aortic and pulmonary valve. The @entity338 ( @entity338 ) was computed as RBV/aortic flow. At cardiac catheterization RBV and @entity338 were calculated from the left ventricular angiographic @entity64 volume and the @entity64 volume measured by thermodilution technique. Four @entity1 were excluded because of technically poor left-ventricular angiograms. In eight @entity1 with @entity337 Doppler measurement of RBV and @entity338 was impossible. The correlations between the invasive and the Doppler data were significant in 21 @entity1 with @entity337 (RBV: r = 0.87, SEE = 16.1 ml; @entity338 : r = 0.90, SEE = 8.1%). However, the @entity338 (41.6 +/- 17.6%) was overestimated by Doppler echocardiography (46.0 +/- 17.9%; p les than 0.021). In the control group RBV ranged between -8.1 ml and 10.5 ml and @entity338 between -13.3% and 7.4%. Thus, pulsed Doppler echocardiography is clinically useful in determination of the @entity338 in about 70% of @entity1 with pure @entity337 . The Doppler method, however, is limited in the diagnosis and quantification of mild @entity337 .

title: [Doppler echocardiography measurement of the regurgitation fraction in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'regurgitant fraction']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic valve insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study describes a new sonographic finding in @entity177 : perirenal lucency, which we call the "kidney sweat" sign. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 1 year at our institution, 502 renal sonograms were obtained. Sonography evaluated 330 @entity1 with @entity177 . All of the examinations were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: An extracapsular hypoechoic rim was present in 47 (14%) of the 330 @entity1 with @entity177 . The finding, when present, was always bilateral. The hypoechoic rim was not present in the remaining 283 @entity1 with @entity177 . Forty (85%) of the 47 @entity1 had kidneys that were hyperechoic compared with the liver. Twenty-eight (60%) of the 47 @entity1 had kidneys that were hyperechoic compared with the spleen. In 15 (32%) of the 47 @entity1 , the kidneys were small. Ascites was present in 11 (23%) of the 47 @entity1 . Of the 283 @entity1 with @entity177 whose sonograms did not show the hypoechoic rim, 76 @entity1 had normal sonographic findings. The remaining 207 @entity1 with @entity177 who did not show the kidney sweat sign had @entity3041 , stones, cysts, echogenic kidneys, small kidneys, or @entity843 . CONCLUSION: An extracapsular hypoechoic rim is found in @entity1 with @entity177 . We call this finding "kidney sweat." We believe, but cannot currently prove, that the kidney sweat sign represents @entity4 . It is an additional sonographic finding in @entity1 with @entity177 .

title: Perirenal lucency ("kidney sweat"): a new sign of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been established as the standard external-beam modality in treating @entity263 . Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a novel approach involving high-dose radiotherapy in 5 fractions. This analysis compared their cost-effectiveness. METHODS: A Markov model was constructed to delineate the health states after treatment with IMRT and SBRT. Disease, treatment, and @entity137 data were extracted from the literature. Costs included both robotic (R-SBRT) and nonrobotic (NR-SBRT) reimbursement. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed over a wide range of potential parameters. RESULTS: The quality-adjusted life expectancy after IMRT was slightly higher than after SBRT, because we assumed worse @entity137 after SBRT. However, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) for IMRT over R-SBRT and NR-SBRT were  285,000 and  591,100/quality-adjusted life year (QALY), respectively. On sensitivity analysis, SBRT was almost always the cost-effective therapy, in which the ICER for IMRT was generally over  100,000/QALY. Reimbursement for R-SBRT versus NR-SBRT significantly influenced its ICER. Treatment efficacy, rectal @entity137 and @entity323 , and the potential for unforeseen SBRT late effects were the most critical parameters in the model; when including these uncertain parameters in a PSA, SBRT was still most likely to be cost-effective at a willingness to pay of  100,000/QALY. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT clearly contained more value than IMRT for external-beam treatment. Given the increasing prevalence of the disease and its superb convenience, intensive research should be performed on this novel modality, including the marginal benefit and cost of robotic treatment.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of SBRT versus IMRT for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['low-risk prostate cancer']


abstract: The intention of the present study was to characterize @entity1 with central post- @entity64 @entity158 (CPSP) with regard to type and location of the @entity75 ( @entity75 ), the characteristics of the @entity158 and the @entity16 and signs in addition to the @entity158 . Twenty @entity1 and 7 @entity1 with a mean age of 67 years and a mean @entity158 duration of 44 months were examined 9-188 (mean 53) months after their @entity64 . The clinical symptoms and signs and the CT scans indicated that the @entity75 were located in the lower brain-stem in 8 @entity1 , involved the thalamus in 9 @entity1 and were located lateral and superior to the thalamus in 6 @entity1 . In the remaining 4 @entity1 the location of the @entity75 could not be determined with certainty. The 3 identified hematomata were all located in the thalamus. The onset of the @entity158 was immediate in 4 @entity1 , within the first post- @entity64 months in 10 @entity1 and delayed by 1-34 months in the rest. The @entity158 was on the left side in 18 @entity1 . Twenty @entity1 had hemipain. Most @entity1 experienced more than one type of @entity158 . The most common qualities were burning, aching, pricking and lacerating, with some differences in the frequencies according to the location of the @entity75 . Burning @entity158 was most common, except among the @entity1 with thalamic @entity75 , in whom lacerating @entity158 was more common. Aching and pricking @entity158 were also frequent. All @entity1 considered the @entity158 to be a great burden and most rated the @entity158 intensity as high on a visual analogue scale. The intensity was increased by external stimuli, the most common @entity717 , cold and light touch. Five @entity1 reported aggravation by emotional stimuli. Besides @entity158 , the only neurological symptom common to all @entity1 was decreased temperature sensibility, as shown by quantitative methods. It is possible that @entity158 sensibility was also abnormal in all. @entity56 to cutaneous stimuli, including evoked @entity809 were found in 88% of the @entity1 , while the detection thresholds for touch and vibration were abnormal in only 52% and 41%, respectively. Similarly, low figures were found for paresis and @entity2055 , which were present in 48% and 62%, respectively. It is concluded that only a minority of @entity1 with @entity158 after @entity64 have thalamic lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Central post- XXXX @entity16 and @entity158 characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CVL', 'cerebrovascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['central pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['being joint movements']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Postnatal development of Leydig cells can be divided into three distinct stages of differentiation: initially they exist as mesenchymal-like progenitors (PLC) by day 21; subsequently, as immature Leydig cells (ILC) by day 35, they acquire steroidogenic organelle structure and enzyme activities but metabolize most of the @entity251 they produce; finally, as @entity8302 ( @entity8302 ) by day 90 they actively produce @entity251 . The aims of the present study were to determine whether changes in proliferative capacity are associated with progressive differentiation of Leydig cells, and if the proliferative capacity of Leydig cells is controlled by known hormonal regulators of @entity251 biosynthesis: LH, @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ), @entity342 , and @entity53 (E2). Isolated PLC, ILC, and @entity8302 were cultured in DMEM/F-12 for 24 h followed by an additional 24 h in the presence of LH (1 ng/ml), @entity2135 (70 ng/ml), @entity43622 (MENT, 50 nM), a synthetic @entity342 that is not metabolized by 5alpha-reductase, or E2 (50 nM). Proliferative capacity was measured by assaying @entity665 incorporation and @entity894 ( @entity894 ). Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels for @entity43623 and G1, which are putative intracellular regulators of Leydig cell proliferation and differentiation, were measured by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. @entity1014 incorporation was highest in PLC (9.24 +/- 0.21 cpm/10(3) cell, mean +/- SE), intermediate in ILC (1.74 +/- 0.07) and lowest in @entity8302 (0.24 +/- 0.03). Similarly, @entity894 was highest in PLC (13.42 +/- 0.30%, mean +/- SE), intermediate in ILC (1.95 +/- 0.08%), and undetectable in @entity8302 . @entity43623 mRNA levels, normalized to @entity43624 ( @entity43624 ), were highest in PLC (2.76 +/- 0.21, mean +/- SE), intermediate in ILC (1.79 +/- 0.14), and lowest in @entity8302 (0.40 +/- 0.06). In contrast, @entity41399 mRNA levels were highest in @entity8302 (1.32 +/- 0.16), intermediate in ILC (0.47 +/- 0.07), and lowest in PLC (0.12 +/- 0.02). The relative protein levels of @entity43623 and G1 paralleled their mRNA levels. Increased proliferative capacity was observed in PLC and ILC, but not @entity8302 , after treatment with either LH or @entity2135 . Treatment with MENT increased proliferative capacity only in ILC and had no effect in any other group. Treatment with E2 decreased proliferative capacity in PLC but not in ILC or @entity8302 . The changes in proliferative capacity after hormonal treatment paralleled @entity43623 mRNA and were the inverse of @entity41399 mRNA levels. We conclude that: 1) decreased @entity43623 and increased @entity41399 are associated with the withdrawal of the Leydig cell from the cell cycle; 2) the proliferative capacity of Leydig cells is regulated differentially by hormones and is progressively lost during postnatal differentiation.

title: Decreased XXXX and increased @entity41399 levels coincide with loss of proliferative capacity in rat Leydig cells during pubertal development.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity43622 :: ('MESH:C064709', 'Chemical') :: ['7alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['ALC', 'adult Leydig cells']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymidine']

answer: @entity43623 :: (114494(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cyclin A2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent data suggest that the increased expression of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) in @entity731 taken from the carotid bifurcation correlates with the development of @entity16 . As a result, the authors sought to compare the serum levels of soluble forms of @entity2071 (sICAM-1) in @entity1 who were asymptomatic with those who were symptomatic for @entity543 as well as in @entity1 who were matched in terms of sex, age, and risk factors who did not have @entity2998 . METHODS: Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum sICAM-1 levels were prospectively determined in 54 @entity1 scheduled to undergo carotid endarterectomy for either symptomatic or asymptomatic high-grade @entity850 (> or =60%) and in 5 additional @entity1 controls. Data are expressed as mean +/- standard error of the mean, with significance defined as P < 0.05 using the Mann-Whitney two-tailed test for two-column comparison or analysis of variance and Fisher protected least significant difference test. RESULTS: Using a univariate model, serum sICAM-1 levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity543 as compared with control @entity1 without @entity850 (347 +/- 15 ng/ml versus 216 +/- 8.2 ng/ml) (P < 0.01). When the asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity1 with @entity543 were considered separately, these levels were still elevated relative to those of control @entity1 (asymptomatic [312 +/- 18 ng/ml] and symptomatic [376 +/- 22 ng/ml] @entity1 ; P = 0.06 for asymptomatic versus control @entity1 , P < 0.01 for symptomatic versus control @entity1 ). Symptomatic @entity1 also had significantly elevated sICAM-1 levels as compared with asymptomatic @entity1 (P < 0.05). Despite the fact that female @entity1 demonstrated higher @entity2071 levels than male @entity1 (P < 0.05), sex, age, and risk factors such as the presence of @entity1007 , @entity6 , @entity101 , or a history of smoking did not confound these findings. CONCLUSION: Levels of sICAM-1 are higher in @entity1 with @entity543 than in control @entity1 . Symptomatic @entity1 demonstrate significantly elevated levels as compared with asymptomatic @entity1 . These data support the contention that @entity2071 is a reliable marker of @entity66 progression and suggest that serum levels may be useful in following certain asymptomatic @entity1 .

title: Elevation of soluble XXXX levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity2998 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Staging laparoscopy for @entity9451 is controversial. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of laparoscopy with intraoperative ultrasound in the management of @entity1 with @entity3123 . METHODS: The study involved @entity1 undergoing laparoscopy and intraoperative ultrasound over a period of 42 months. The entry criteria specified radiologic (computed tomography) diagnosis of @entity3123 and no evidence of @entity3 . RESULTS: The study enrolled 100 @entity1 (52 @entity1 and 48 @entity1 ) ages 21 to 83 years (mean, 63 years). On the basis of imaging, 75 @entity1 had lesions judged to be operable, and 25 @entity1 had a @entity660 larger than 4 cm radiologically, considered to be unresectable, but with no evidence of @entity3 . At laparoscopy, three @entity1 had a normal examination, with no evidence of a pancreatic mass, and an additional seven @entity1 had other pathology including one @entity706 , one @entity5 , two cases of chronic @entity788 , and three @entity242 . Of the @entity1 with radiologically inoperable disease, 16% had previously undetected @entity3 , but 24% were judged to be suitable for curative resection. Half of these @entity1 underwent successful resection. Of the @entity1 with radiologically operable disease, undetected liver or peritoneal @entity3 were found in 20% of the body or tail lesions and in 26% of the @entity660 . Of the @entity788 , 12% were found to be larger than 4 cm and therefore unsuitable for curative resection. Consequently, only 53% were confirmed to be suitable for resection. Of the @entity1 explored with a view to curative resection, 42% actually underwent resection, with clearance of resection margins achieved in 77.8%. CONCLUSION: Of the @entity1 thought to have a resectable @entity5 on the basis of good quality preoperative imaging, 44% had their management approach altered after laparoscopy and avoided an open procedure. Laparoscopy should therefore be used in the preoperative staging of @entity788 .

title: Assessment of XXXX with laparoscopy and intraoperative ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head tumors', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ampullary tumor']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head lesion', 'pancreatic head lesions']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity9451 :: (MESH:D010195,Disease) :: ['pancreatic malignancy']


abstract: AIMS: To determine predictors of prevalence and progression of @entity1095 ( @entity729 ) in type 2 @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) subjects with preserved kidney function. METHODS: Fifty-eight subjects (age 63    11.6 years) with type 2 @entity3918 and serum @entity1011 <125  mol/l were studied. A CT scan of femoral, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries was carried out at baseline and at one year. Serum @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and @entity5298 were measured along with routine biochemistry. RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of @entity1 had baseline @entity729 , 47% with femoral @entity729 , 49% with @entity729 at two sites - femoral and foot, and 4% foot @entity729 alone. Age, ethnicity, @entity1897 and @entity470 were independent predictors of baseline @entity729 . Baseline @entity730 was the most important predictor of @entity729 progression and was present in all subjects with progression compared to 35% of non-progressors (p < 0.001). Exclusion of demographic factors from models revealed @entity16 and serum @entity2159 levels as independent predictors of both; baseline @entity729 and progression. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with type 2 @entity3918 and well-preserved renal function had a high prevalence of @entity729 , which was rapidly progressive especially in those with baseline @entity729 . Age, ethnicity, @entity16 , smoking and @entity470 were predictors of baseline @entity729 and progression.

title: Prevalence and progression of XXXX in type 2 @entity6 subjects with preserved kidney function.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity1095 :: (MESH:D016491,Disease) :: ['peripheral vascular calcification']


abstract: This study was performed to assess the role of additional diagnostic laparoscopy in the preoperative staging of @entity1 with @entity7145 , @entity356 and @entity788 prior to intended curative surgery. 89 @entity1 with primary solid @entity5 were eligible for evaluation; of those 49 @entity1 had a @entity356 , 33 a @entity788 and seven an @entity7145 . @entity1 without histologically proven metastases proceeded to laparotomy. @entity3 were detectable laparoscopically in nine of 49 @entity1 (18.4%) with @entity356 (peritoneum n = 5, omentum n = 2, liver n = 2). Intraoperatively metastases were evident in further five cases (liver n = 3, peritoneum n = 2). In eleven of 33 @entity1 (33%) with @entity788 metastases were detected by laparoscopy (liver n = 6, peritoneum n = 2, liver and peritoneum n = 3) and in further four @entity1 intraoperatively (liver n = 2, peritoneum n = 2). One of seven @entity1 with an @entity7145 had liver metastases detected by laparoscopy. Intraoperatively no metastases were evident in those @entity1 . Laparotomies were avoidable in 21 of the 89 @entity1 (23.6%) who had a diagnostic laparoscopy prior to intended curative resection. Preoperative staging by additional diagnostic laparoscopy proved effective in @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: Improved XXXX staging by diagnostic laparoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'gastric and pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Preterm @entity1 are exposed to numerous stressors during hospitalization and by term corrected gestational age they have lower body weight but a greater proportion of total body as well as abdominal @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) accumulation. Greater abdominal @entity1386 stores have a known association with @entity209 . @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) improves modulation of stress response in both @entity1 and rodents. We hypothesize that @entity3883 , administered during an established model of neonatal stress, would decrease stress-driven adiposity and prevent associated metabolic imbalances in adult @entity35 . Neonatal stress, administered to @entity35 pups from postnatal days 5 to P9, consisted of needle puncture and @entity519 /hyperoxic challenge during 60 min of maternal separation (STRESS; n=20). @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ; n=20) was administered to @entity35 pups for 10 min during maternal separation in the stress protocol. Control animals received standard care (CTL; n=20). MRI measured adult (P120) abdominal total fat mass, subcutaneous (SAT) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). Body weight and @entity4053 serum adiponectin, @entity10672 , @entity413 , insulin, and @entity2819 were also measured. STRESS results in elevated @entity1386 /SAT ratio compared to CTL but lower abdominal total fat mass and abdominal SAT. STRESS males experience @entity3190 . Both STRESS and @entity3883 had elevated @entity10672 with lower adiponectin and @entity2819 compared to CTL. In summary, neonatal stress promotes greater @entity1386 and, in males, caused @entity3190 and @entity17211 . Importantly, @entity3883 normalized the @entity1386 /SAT ratio and prevented @entity3190 . We speculate that @entity3883 ameliorates some of the negative metabolic consequences of early life perturbations due to neonatal stress exposure.

title: @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) intervention in a neonatal stress model alters adult adipose tissue deposition and prevents @entity3190 in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['Mechanical-tactile stimulation', 'MTS']

entities_list: @entity17211 :: ('MESH:C567258', 'Disease') :: ['hypoadiponectinemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['visceral adipose tissue', 'VAT', 'abdominal VAT accumulation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Pluripotent @entity19 @entity189 ( @entity189 ) @entity14293 cells are induced at a high rate into neural cells using @entity1968 and serum-free medium. EM observation revealed great increase of microtubules (MTs) after neuronal induction. To study the expression of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry were performed with phosphorylated @entity41764 (pMAP1B)-, @entity7001 -, and @entity41765 -specific monoclonal antibodies. They did not stain undifferentiated cells. Early MAPs (pMAP1B and MAP2C) appeared 12 h after the neuronal induction, changing to late MAPs ( @entity41765 and MAP2A/B) at 3-5 days. These expression patterns are quite similar to those of neural cells in vivo. Anti-pMAP1B stained not only neurites but also the cell body and varicosities. But after extraction of the soluble component by permeabilization, pMAP1B was found in only MT-domains of the neurites at LM and EM levels, indicating that some part of pMAP1B is a structural component of neurite MTs and others exist in a soluble form. After culturing for more than 5 days, pMAP1B disappeared from the soma, but still remained in the distal ends of neurites. Here we showed that @entity14293 is a good model system for studying the expression of MAPs on the continuous course of neuronal differentiation.

title: Chronological expression of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in @entity189 cell @entity14293 after neuronal induction by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: In a retrospective study 40 @entity1 were selected out of 53 cases of @entity295 with @entity882 . They were divided into two coincidentally equally large groups of @entity1 with @entity1003 on the one side and @entity1 with @entity882 without @entity1003 on the other side. Both groups were of comparable age and sex distribution. Two-thirds of the @entity1 were under three months. For the differential diagnosis of both groups the activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombotest, the factor V plasma concentration, the serum concentration of fibrin ( @entity2002 ) degradation products as well as control coagulation studies can be considered to have the greatest diagnostic value. The results of the study permit the following conclusions: 1. @entity1423 in @entity295 does not prove the presence of @entity1003 . 2. Consumption @entity1003 and @entity882 differ statistically significantly according to the bacteria cultured from the blood, the circulatory state and the pH of the blood. 3. The finding of @entity882 in a @entity1 with shock, @entity520 and @entity295 justify the suspicion of @entity1003 .

title: [Consumption XXXX and isolated @entity1423 in childhood @entity295 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'gramnegative septicaemia', 'septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia', 'isolated thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Platelet deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumption coagulopathy', 'coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['coagulopathy']


abstract: Total of 37 @entity1 with measurable lesions originating in advanced @entity5 received M-VAC ( @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 ) combination chemotherapy and have been followed for a minimum of 12 months. The study included initial diagnoses of 24 @entity150 and 13 upper @entity3484 in @entity1 whose mean age was 62 years. The @entity1 received a mean of three cycles of M-VAC. Clinical complete remission was observed in five of the 37 @entity1 (13.5%) and partial remission was achieved in 10 @entity1 (27.0%) after mean treatment of 2.4 and 2.1 cycles, respectively, for an over-all objective response rate of 40.5%. The mean duration of response was 11.6 +/- 7.1 months and 4.4 +/- 3.5 months for complete and partial remissions, respectively. A mean of 5.2 +/- 1.7 cycles of M-VAC was given for complete remissions and 3.5 +/- 1.4 cycles in partial remissions. An over-all survival rates after one and two years were 28.125% and 5.859%, respectively. Two of the five @entity1 who had once marked complete remissions died after a mean survival time of 14.5 +/- 4.5 months and three survived with a mean duration of 20.3 +/- 5.4 months. Meanwhile, all of the @entity1 who had achieved partial remissions died after a mean survival of 9.1 +/- 5.4 months except for one @entity1 who survived more than 12 months. These results indicate that M-VAC combination chemotherapy for advanced @entity5 is extremely efficacious in initial responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Long-term results of M-VAC for the treatment of advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancers', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial cancer']


abstract: @entity1204 is clearly a hormonally responsive @entity5 , with a critical role played by estrogens unopposed by @entity7828 . Numerous epidemiologic studies have shown substantial risk increases associated with use of unopposed @entity172 , especially among thin @entity1 . This risk, however, can be reduced if @entity7828 are added to the therapy. The manner in which @entity7828 are prescribed is a critical determinant of risk. Most studies show that @entity1 who have ever used @entity7828 continuously (>25 days/months) are at somewhat reduced risk relative to non-users (meta-analysis relative risk, RR, based on observational studies=0.78, 95 confidence intervals, CI, 0.72-0.86). The reduced risk in greatest among heavy @entity1 . In contrast, @entity1 who have ever used @entity7828 sequentially for <10 days each month are at increased risk, with meta-analysis results showing on overall RR of 1.76 (1.51-2.05); in contrast, @entity7828 given for 10-24 days/month appear unrelated to risk (RR=1.07, 0.92-1.24). These risks were based on varying patterns of usage, with little information available regarding how @entity1204 risk is affected by duration of use, type and/or dose of @entity172 or @entity1871 , or mode of administration. Effects may also vary by clinical characteristics (e.g., differences for Type I vs. @entity5 ). Further resolution of many of these relationships may be dependent on pooling data from multiple studies to derive sufficient power for subgroups of users. With changing clinical practices, it will be important for future studies to monitor a wide range of exposures and to account for divergent effects of different usage patterns. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Menopause'.

title: Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'II tumors']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 in @entity82 is mostly related to the development of @entity810 ( @entity810 ), precipitated by either an acute disturbance of hemodynamics, or acute structural @entity8 . The incidence of @entity177 is rising, due to increasing prevalence of conditions such as @entity99 , which can be associated with @entity8 . @entity810 is defined as a rise in serum @entity1011 of 0.3mg/dL in <48 hours or by 50% from baseline within the past 3 months without setting a threshold for the final serum @entity1011 . Stages 1,2, and 3 of @entity810 are defined as 150%, 200% and 300% of baseline serum @entity1011 respectively, which allows for assessment of @entity810 progression. @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60ml/min for >3 months. Treatment of @entity810 consists of removal of precipitating factors and replenishment of the intravascular volume using colloids such as albumin. Frequently, @entity810 can be reversed using these measures alone. Non-responders to removal of precipitating factors and volume challenge can receive vasoconstrictors such as @entity8508 or @entity1063 together with albumin. @entity21172 is inferior in efficacy as a vasoconstrictor when compared to @entity8508 . Liver transplantation is the definitive treatment for type 1 @entity3182 with @entity1578 . Delay in receiving a liver transplant can result in non-recovery of renal function post transplant. Treatment of @entity740 in @entity82 is unsatisfactory, mostly aimed at optimizing management of co-morbid conditions, or treating the underlying refractory ascites in @entity1 with @entity3182 .

title: Diagnosing and treating XXXX in cirrhotic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the kidneys', 'renal damage', 'Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 hepatorenal syndrome', 'hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity21172 :: ('MESH:D008879', 'Chemical') :: ['Midodrine']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity8508 :: ('MESH:C012078', 'Chemical') :: ['terlipressin']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes, viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper was to assess the risk for @entity308 in a 6-month-long post @entity64 follow up period as related to the @entity64 variables (i.e. @entity64 localisation, haemodynamic parameters). METHOD: The @entity64 localisation was determined with CT and/or MRI. Subsequently all the examined individuals underwent SPECT examination. The follow up examinations were performed by the consultant psychiatrist in 6, 12 and 24 weeks subsequent to the @entity64 episode. The @entity308 was established on the basis of ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: Only right-handed @entity1 (43 @entity1 aged 57.3 +/- 11.6 and 17 @entity1 aged 62.5 +/- 14.4) with unilateral @entity75 were examined. 23 subjects (38%) developed @entity308 in the follow-up period. 5 @entity1 (29%) and 18 @entity1 (ca. 42%) developed a @entity308 . Only one of the observed @entity308 episodes met ICD-10 criteria for severe @entity308 . 10 @entity1 suffered from moderate @entity308 and 12 subjects exhibited a mild @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with CT and/or MRI techniques revealed no correlation between the @entity64 and @entity64 lateralisation. However the localisation of the deep brain functional abnormalities revealed with SPECT correlated with the occurrence of the affective disorders as related to the asymmetry in regional blood flow measures.

title: [The XXXX variables assessment as a prognostic factor for @entity64 with the emphasis on the cerebral SPECT regional blood flow asymmetry].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['post-stroke depression', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episode diagnosis', 'depression', 'depressive', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep @entity8599 is the non-functional grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep. It may lead to tooth damage and @entity158 . Although stress is discussed as a main causal agent, there is a lack of studies concerning coping strategies in @entity1 with @entity10410 . PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether bruxers, compared to non-bruxing individuals, apply maladaptive coping strategies. METHOD: Seventy-five sleep bruxers and 38 non-bruxers were selected by dental examination and tested by a German coping questionnaire (SVF78). RESULTS: A significant difference in positive coping strategies was observed between the two groups. Bruxers reported less positive coping strategies, mainly less "reaction control" and "positive self-instructions." In general, males reported less negative coping strategies. CONCLUSION: The reported effects demonstrate a deficit of functional coping strategies in bruxers, whereas strategies that enhance stress do not seem to be associated with @entity10410 . Findings do not admit the conclusion that there is a causal association of maladaptive coping and @entity8599 . However, they support the approach of a multidisciplinary therapy involving psychological treatment.

title: Maladaptive coping strategies in @entity1 with XXXX compared to non-bruxing controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10410 :: ('MESH:D020186', 'Disease') :: ['sleep bruxism']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain']

answer: @entity8599 :: (MESH:D002012,Disease) :: ['bruxism']


abstract: The constant pressure posed by @entity4801 has caused species throughout the animal kingdom to evolve suites of mechanisms to resist @entity281 . Individual barriers and physiological defenses are considered the main barriers against @entity4801 in invertebrate species. However, behavioral traits and other non-immunological defenses can also effectively reduce parasite transmission and @entity281 intensity. In social insects, behaviors that reduce colony-level parasite loads are termed "social immunity." One example of a behavioral defense is resin collection. @entity5157 forage for plant-produced resins and incorporate them into their nest architecture. This use of resins can reduce chronic elevation of an individual @entity5157 's immune response. Since high activation of individual immunity can impose colony-level fitness costs, collection of resins may benefit both the individual and colony fitness. However the use of resins as a more direct defense against pathogens is unclear. Here we present evidence that @entity5157 colonies may self-medicate with plant resins in response to a @entity364 . Self-medication is generally defined as an individual responding to @entity281 by ingesting or harvesting non-nutritive compounds or plant materials. Our results show that colonies increase resin foraging rates after a challenge with a fungal parasite (Ascophaera apis: chalkbrood or CB). Additionally, colonies experimentally enriched with resin had decreased @entity281 intensities of this fungal parasite. If considered self-medication, this is a particularly unique example because it operates at the colony level. Most instances of self-medication involve pharmacophagy, whereby individuals change their diet in response to direct @entity281 with a parasite. In this case with @entity5157 , resins are not ingested but used within the hive by adult @entity5157 exposed to fungal spores. Thus the colony, as the unit of selection, may be responding to @entity281 through self-medication by increasing the number of individuals that forage for resin.

title: Increased resin collection after parasite challenge: a case of self-medication in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['honey bees', 'honey bee', 'Honey bees', 'bees', 'bee']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['honey bees']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The vascular condition influences the outcomes of @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) surgery. However, it has not been established how it influences the outcomes of renal transplantation and the development of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). The aim of this study was to define the relationship between @entity2548 failure in the pretransplant period and the development of @entity740 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this study we included all @entity1 who underwent @entity2548 surgery and then first kidney allotransplantations from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2002. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the @entity2548 surgery outcomes: group 1 (n = 45, mean age 50 +/- 13 years, male/female ratio 27/18) had no vascular access complications and were dialysed through a native @entity2548 . Group 2 (n = 39, mean age 51 +/- 11 years, male/female ratio 17/22) had additional interventions due to @entity2548 failure. We analyzed the incidence of @entity740 in both groups. RESULTS: During the follow-up period @entity740 was observed in five @entity1 in group 1 and 11 @entity1 in group 2 (11,1% vs 28,2%, P < .05). There was a statistically significant relationship between @entity740 and acute rejection episodes (P < .005) and @entity6 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Failures of @entity2548 in hemodialysis @entity1 were associated with an increased incidence of @entity740 in the posttransplant period.

title: Vascular access outcomes as a predictor of development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistulas', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CAN', 'chronic allograft nephropathy']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic allograft nephropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the @entity137 , patterns of recurrence, and survival in high-risk @entity1204 @entity1 treated with whole-abdominal radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity1204 treated at Northwestern University since 1994 and at Rush University since 1993 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 believed to be at high risk for intra-abdominal recurrence and who received whole-abdominal radiation were reviewed for this study. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 completed whole-abdominal radiation (WAR) and were available for study. The mean and median follow-up was 2.3 and 2.1 years, respectively, with a range of 0.13 to 6.1 years. Seventy-eight percent of the cohort received surgical staging with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy/total abdominal hysterectomy/lymph node sampling. Forty-seven percent of the @entity1 were found to have serous histology as a component of their @entity5 . Surgical staging results included 19% stage 1B, 4% stage IC, 8% stage IIB, 37% stage IIIA, 26% stage IIIC, and 7% stage IVB. Two @entity1 had gross residual disease at the completion of surgery. @entity6303 (Megace) was used as an adjuvant treatment in 37% of @entity1 , and no cases received initial chemotherapy. All @entity1 received WAR with a mean total dose and dose per fraction of 2620 and 143 cGy, respectively. Twenty-two percent of @entity1 received a para-aortic boost. The mean total pelvic dose was 4956 cGy. Seventy percent of @entity1 received a vaginal cuff boost. Eight percent of @entity1 had grade 3 acute gastrointestinal morbidity, and 4% had grade 4 acute gastrointestinal morbidity. No other grade 3 or greater acute or long-term morbidity was noted. At last follow-up, seven (23%) @entity1 had experienced recurrence. The pattern of first recurrence was 0% in the vaginal cuff, 3% other vaginal, 7% pelvic, 7% upper abdominal, 3% lung, 7% bone, and 7% para-aortic lymph nodes. Ultimate recurrences were similar. At last follow-up, 77% @entity1 had no evidence of disease, 13% were alive with disease, and 10% had died of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing a conservatrive total whole-abdominal radiation dose and limited para-aortic nodal boost resulted in very tolerable treatments. The patterns of recurrence and survival in this early report are encouraging.

title: Whole-abdominal radiation in @entity1204 : an analysis of XXXX , patterns of recurrence, and survival.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['Megestrol acetate']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the links of social relational (family environment and peer victimization) and neuroendocrinological ( @entity2270 ) risk factors to @entity1 's emotional symptoms. We placed special emphasis on the joint effects of these risk factors with respect to the emergence and course of the emotional symptoms. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-six @entity1 were interviewed (Berkeley Puppet Interview) at age 5 and 6. Teachers and parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Parents completed the Family Environment Scales. Peer victimization was assessed by teacher and @entity1 reports. @entity1 's saliva @entity701 was measured before and after a highly structured story completion task which targeted their cognitive emotional representations of family conflicts. RESULTS: In the cross-sectional analyses, negative family environment, peer victimization, and @entity701 increase during the story completion task independently contributed to the variance of emotional symptoms. There was a significant interaction effect between family environment and @entity701 increase: those six-year-olds who had experienced an unfavorable family environment only showed high levels of emotional symptoms if they exhibited a @entity701 increase during the story completion task. In the longitudinal analysis, peer victimization at age 5 predicted an increase of emotional symptoms at age 6, but only for those @entity1 who exhibited a blunted @entity701 response a year earlier. CONCLUSIONS: Negative family environment and peer victimization proved to be independently associated with emotional symptoms. HPA axis reactivity differentially moderated these associations. Therapeutic strategies should take the interaction between negative relational experiences and biological susceptibility to stress into account.

title: The interaction of social risk factors and XXXX in predicting emotional symptoms of five- and six-year-old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['HPA axis dysregulation']


abstract: Right ventricular (RV) pressure overload has a vastly different clinical course in @entity1 with @entity8577 ( @entity8577 ) than in @entity1 with @entity849 ( @entity849 ). While RV function is well recognized as a key prognostic factor in @entity8577 , adverse ventricular-ventricular interactions and @entity409 are less well characterized and the pathophysiology is incompletely understood. We compared ventricular-ventricular interactions as hypothesized drivers of @entity409 in pediatric @entity8577 versus @entity849 Eighteen @entity8577 , 16 @entity849 @entity1 and 18 age- and size-matched controls were retrospectively studied. Cardiac cycle events were measured by M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. Measurements were compared between groups using ANOVA with post hoc Dunnet's or ANCOVA including RV systolic pressure (RVSP; @entity8577 96.8      25.4  mmHg vs. @entity849 75.4      18.9  mmHg; P  =  0.011) as a covariate. RV-free wall thickening was prolonged in @entity8577 versus @entity849 , extending beyond pulmonary valve closure (638      76  msec vs. 562      76  msec vs. 473      59  msec controls). LV and RV isovolumetric relaxation were prolonged in @entity8577 (P  <  0.001; LV 102.8      24.1  msec vs. 63.1      13.7  msec; RV 95 [61-165] vs. 28 [0-43]), associated with adverse septal kinetics; characterized by rightward displacement in early systole and leftward displacement in late RV systole (i.e., early LV diastole). Early LV diastolic filling was decreased in @entity8577 (73      15.9 vs. @entity849 87.4      14.4 vs. controls 95.8      12.5  cm/sec; P  =  0.004). Prolonged RVFW thickening, prolonged RVFW isovolumetric times, and profound septal @entity910 are associated with interventricular mechanical discoordination and decreased early LV filling in pediatric @entity8577 much more than @entity849 These adverse mechanics affect systolic and diastolic biventricular efficiency in @entity8577 and may form the basis for worse clinical outcomes. We used clinically derived data to study the pathophysiology of ventricular-ventricular interactions in right ventricular pressure overload, demonstrating distinct differences between pediatric @entity120 ( @entity8577 ) and @entity849 ( @entity849 ). Altered timing of right ventricular free wall contraction and profound septal @entity910 are associated with interventricular mechanical discoordination and decreased early LV filling in @entity8577 much more than @entity849 These adverse mechanics affect systolic and diastolic biventricular efficiency, independent of right ventricular systolic pressure.

title: Adverse ventricular-ventricular interactions in right ventricular pressure load: Insights from XXXX versus @entity849 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity8577 :: ('MESH:D065627', 'Disease') :: ['iPAH', 'idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis', 'PS']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pediatric pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recommendations from the @entity6 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) indicate that adolescents with type 1 @entity6 should be treated with intensive therapy involving @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) of insulin or insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII] to help obtain better metabolic control and prevent later complications. Interest has thus focused on insulin pump therapy to help adolescents meet this challenge. The purpose of this study was to examine responses to CSII and @entity2794 in a large group of adolescents with established type 1 @entity6 during a 12-month period and to determine whether either treatment regimen more favorably affected clinical and psychosocial outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: One-third of 75 youths aged 12-20 years who were candidates for intensive therapy chose CSII as their mode of treatment. @entity1 received intensive treatment and education as described by the DCCT investigators. Psychosocial data (e.g., quality of life, @entity308 , self-efficacy, and coping) were collected at baseline and at 6-month intervals, and clinical data (e.g., HbA1c levels, adverse events) were collected every 4-6 weeks. RESULTS: Although both @entity2794 - and CSII-treated adolescents initially exhibited improved metabolic control, this level of control was more difficult to sustain for 12 months in the @entity2794 group (at 6 months @entity4051 c = 8.1, at 12 months @entity4051 c = 8.3), whereas average HbA1c levels in the CSII group continued to decrease during the 12 months of treatment (at 6 months @entity4051 c = 7.7, at 12 months @entity4051 c = 7.5). Despite lower HbA1c levels in CSII-versus @entity2794 -treated @entity1 , the rate of severe hypoglycemic events was reduced by almost 50% in the CSII group (P = 0.01). Self-reported questionnaires demonstrated that there was improvement in self-efficacy, @entity308 , and quality of life in both @entity2794 - and CSII-treated @entity1 . Finally, adolescents using CSII found coping with @entity6 to be less difficult than adolescents using @entity2794 did. CONCLUSIONS: CSII is an alternative means to lower HbA1c levels and reduce the risk of @entity4053 without adversely affecting psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with type 1 @entity6 .

title: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. A new way to lower risk of severe @entity4053 , improve metabolic control, and enhance coping in adolescents with type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'multiple daily injections']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity19 xenotransplants have been performed on @entity1 primary @entity242 of bone and soft tissues in order to delve into the cell heterogeneity of these @entity5 . Particular emphasis has been given to the group of small round blue cell @entity242 ( @entity2828 and peripheral @entity4969 ). Out of 31 @entity242 , 16 cases have grown positively, and many of them continue to be transferred into @entity19 on a regular time basis, being presently considered as fully established nude lines. Here we report the results of such a system, which has been followed with optical, electron microscopical, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic techniques. @entity421 make up the group with the highest number of positivities taken (6 out of 9 transplanted cases). Diversity in growth rate, positive @entity5 and morphology are taken into consideration. Epithelial foci were seen in one of the transplanted @entity5 . @entity1418 and other @entity361 of bone and soft tissues are reviewed. Changes in immunohistochemical reactivity (alpha-1AT and alpha-1AQT) were observed in the transplanted @entity5 . Cytogenetic analysis performed on an undifferentiated (primitive) soft-tissue @entity242 provided clues to its synovial origin. Analysis of @entity2828 performed on @entity19 @entity5 shows heterogeneous immunohistochemical response, with enhancement of cytokeratin positive cells, not previously seen in the primary @entity5 .

title: Value of XXXX xenografts in the expression of cell heterogeneity of @entity1 @entity242 of bone and soft tissue.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcomas", "Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'xenotransplanted sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Nude mice', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'transplanted tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal sarcomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The p53 pathways play an important role in @entity105 . In mammals, p53 and p53 target genes have been extensively studied, but little is known about their functions and regulation in fish. In this study, the cDNA fragments of p53 network genes, including p53, p21, mdm2, gadd45a, gadd45b, igfbp-3, and bax, were cloned from Chinese rare minnow ( @entity19756 ). These genes displayed high @entity3689 sequence identities with their @entity3392 orthologs. The mRNA levels of p53 network genes and pathological changes in the liver were determined after adult rare minnow were exposed to 0.4, 2, and 10   g/L of @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) for 28 days. The results showed that p53, p21, mdm2, gadd45a, and bax mRNA expressions in the livers from males and females were significantly upregulated compared with those of the controls (p   <   0.05), but gadd45b and igfbp-3 expression was not significantly changed. Microphotographs revealed enlargement of the cell nuclei and cellular degeneration in males, while atrophy and vacuolization of hepatocytes were observed in females (10   g/L). These results suggested that @entity3015 induced liver DNA repair and apoptosis pathways and caused adverse pathological changes in rare minnow. The strongly responsive p53 network genes in the livers suggest that rare minnow is suitable as an experimental fish to screen environmental carcinogens. In addition, the p53 network genes in rare minnow could feasibly be used to identify the mechanism of environmental @entity105 .    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 979-988, 2017.

title: XXXX induced p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis pathways in Chinese rare minnow ( @entity19756 ).

entities_list: @entity19756 :: ('143606', 'Species') :: ['Gobiocypris rarus']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['Benzo[a]pyrene']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to estimate retrospectively the incidence of clinically significant findings in the lower extremities in @entity1 with @entity320 scanned from the skull vertex to the bottom of the feet and whether these add additional diagnostic and prognostic information and to demonstrate a confidence interval that would support exclusion of @entity1746 scans in these @entity1 . METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 200 @entity1 who underwent @entity419 PET/CT for staging @entity320 . Whole-body PET/CT scans including the lower extremities were reviewed. PET/CT findings in the lower extremities were tabulated by location, pathology, and clinical progress notes with documented clinical history and physical examination correlation. RESULTS: Among the 200 PET/CT scans, 3 scans had positive findings in the lower extremities. A biopsy was performed on 1 lesion, which was found to be an @entity957 . One lesion was considered a benign finding from @entity32 demonstrated by clinical follow-up. One scan had a @entity3 to the proximal femur, which is included in the standard FOV (eyes to midthighs). In this case series, the lower extremities' true-positive findings never impacted or changed clinical management. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms with a high degree of confidence that in @entity1 with @entity320 , additional @entity1746 scan results in little additional useful information and could be discontinued in @entity1 whose @entity320 did not arise in the lower extremities. PET/CT acquisition of the lower extremities results in increased scan time and unnecessary extra radiation dose from CT to @entity320 @entity1 .

title: Comparison of whole-body versus limited whole-body @entity419 PET/CT scan in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['incidental squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: @entity438 at the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery are uncommon and represent less than 10% of @entity438 . A recent series of 10 cases (out of a total of 221 @entity439 over a period of five years, from 1983 to 1988, i.e. 4.5%) treated via a microsurgical approach is presented. Anatomical and operative aspects are discussed. These @entity600 are located at the point of union of the carotid artery, sylvian and lamina terminalis cisterns. They are close to perforating vessels which usually lie on their deep aspect. Surgery is performed via the standard pterional approach and, as Yasargil points out, two specific dissecting times are required for the opening of the sylvian and lamina terminalis cisterns, in order to avoid dangerous traction on the brain. In our experience, deep @entity551 was used in the four cases of large @entity600 , and there was no need for a temporary dip. All @entity439 were clipped at the neck and the sac then punctured or removed. Post-operative evolution was completely asymptomatic in 9 cases (grade I-II--Hess and Hunt), one @entity1 (grade IV) died from an apparent @entity2553 , confirmed by CT scan.

title: [ XXXX of the internal carotid artery bifurcation. Technical reflections apropos of a series of 10 cases].

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vascular spasm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysm']


abstract: Abdominal fat has been shown to be an important risk factor for many chronic conditions, including @entity6 , @entity299 , and @entity0 . The objective of this study was to provide evidence for a major gene influence on the ratio of waist to hip circumference (WHR), a measurement commonly used in large scale studies to indicate the presence of abdominal fat. Segregation analysis was conducted on three subsets of families from the Minnesota @entity0 Family Study. One analysis was conducted among families with WHR measurements on all @entity1 . Two additional analyses were conducted on subsets of @entity1 stratified on menopausal status. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with WHR expressed as a continuous trait. Complex segregation analyses were performed on the continuous trait of WHR and the covariates identified in the regression analysis. In the analysis of all @entity1 , all hypotheses were rejected. Among premenopausal @entity1 , the environmental hypothesis with no heterogeneity between generations fit the data best (P = 0.85). However, among postmenopausal @entity1 , the requirements for conclusion of the presence of a major gene were met. All non-Mendelian hypotheses were rejected (P < 0.0001), but the additive hypothesis was not rejected (P = 0.19) and provided the best fit to the data. The putative major gene identified by this model accounted for 42% of total phenotypic variance in WHR among these postmenopausal @entity1 . The allele for high WHR had a frequency of 27%. These findings support the hypothesis that the distribution of abdominal fat in postmenopausal @entity1 is under genetic control.

title: Evidence for a major gene influence on abdominal fat distribution: the Minnesota XXXX Family Study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We report the first case in the literature of cervical @entity602 caused by progressive @entity1745 as a result of @entity13904 of the cervical vertebra. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old @entity1 presented with progressive cervical @entity602 . Imaging revealed a vascular, expansile lesion of contiguous cervical vertebrae causing @entity1745 . The surgical pathology revealed @entity13904 , a rare @entity5 not previously reported to present in such a fashion. INTERVENTION: Preoperative embolization and a two-stage anterior and posterior surgical decompression and fusion procedure were performed. The high vascularity of this lesion makes surgery a formidable surgical challenge. Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered to the @entity41 because of its potential for low-grade @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis relied on accurate histopathological assessment. The general principles of achieving cord decompression and @entity5 control are important. The literature on @entity13904 involving the spine is reviewed, and the @entity5 biology and the role of adjuvant therapy are discussed.

title: @entity13904 of the spine presenting as cervical XXXX : case report.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression']

entities_list: @entity13904 :: ('MESH:D018323', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioid hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. We sought to determine the association between minimal @entity308 , @entity73 , and UE motor function in a cohort of @entity1 with subacute @entity64 . METHOD. We conducted a retrospective, secondary analysis of an interventional study. Correlational analyses were performed using the following outcome measures: the UE section of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FM), the functional ability section of the Arm Motor Ability Test (AMAT), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). RESULTS. We found a negative correlation between BDI-II and both the FM (-.120, p = .196) and the AMAT (-.110, p = .275); however, this correlation was not statistically significant. @entity1 exhibited higher @entity308 scores (8.75    0.78) than @entity1 (6.29    0.46; p = .008). CONCLUSION. Low levels of @entity308 are not associated with UE motor impairment and function in @entity1 with minimal to moderate @entity717 levels. @entity308 occurs more frequently in @entity1 , warranting additional research on sex-specific differences. Given the proliferation of UE therapies targeting this group, this information is important for effective therapy planning and implementation.

title: Minimal @entity308 : how does it relate to @entity73 and function in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Poststroke depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['upper-extremity (UE) impairment']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['UE disability']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Robotic surgery is increasingly used in the field of @entity5 surgery. This study aimed to compare the short- and long-term outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic ultralow anterior resection (uLAR) and @entity254 ( @entity254 ). Between January 2007 and December 2010, a retrospective chart review was performed for all @entity1 with @entity5 who underwent curative uLAR and @entity254 with or without intersphincteric resection using either a robotic or a laparoscopic approach. The study excluded @entity1 with @entity5 invading the levator ani or external sphincter, @entity1 with T4 @entity5 invading the prostate or vagina, and @entity1 for whom an open approach was used. @entity1 ' short- and long-term outcomes were evaluated. This study enrolled 84 consecutive @entity1 (47 in the robotic group and 37 in the laparoscopic group). The @entity1 characteristics and operative data did not differ significantly between the groups except for the rate of conversion to open surgery (robot, 2.1 % vs laparoscopy, 16.2 %; p = 0.02). The postoperative outcomes also were similar in the two groups, but the hospital stay was shorter in the robotic group than in the laparoscopic group (robot, 9 days vs laparoscopy, 11 days; p = 0.011). No postoperative mortality occurred. The median follow-up period was 31.5 months. No difference was shown in local recurrence, 3-year overall survival, or disease-free survival between the two groups. Robotic uLAR and @entity254 with or without ISR is a safe and feasible surgical approach with a lower conversion rate, a shorter hospital stay, and similar oncologic outcomes compared with a laparoscopic approach. Further prospective and case-control cohort studies with longer follow-up periods are required.

title: Robotic versus laparoscopic XXXX with or without intersphincteric resection for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'low rectal cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['CAA', 'coloanal anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['coloanal anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abduction bracing is often used to treat @entity7195 in @entity1 whose acetabular indices (AI) exceed 30 degrees after 6 months of age. However, little data exist to support this practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of part-time abduction bracing in treating @entity7195 by comparing a cohort of braced @entity1 with a cohort of unbraced @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity572 ( @entity572 ) treated at our institution over 4 years. @entity1 with stable, treated @entity572 but @entity7195 at 6 months of age were identified; those with available anteroposterior pelvic radiographs at 6 months and 1 year of age were included. @entity1 who required open surgical reduction and those with syndromic or neuromuscular diagnoses were excluded. On the basis of practice variations at our institution, some orthopaedists start bracing when the 6-month radiograph demonstrates an AI>= 30 degrees, whereas others do not; we compared these 2 cohorts. Braced @entity1 were instructed to wear an abduction orthosis during nights and naps until follow-up at 1 year of age. The AI at 6 months and 1 year of age for both cohorts were then measured by a single observer and the differences compared. RESULTS: Seventy-six hips in 52 @entity1 were identified with residual @entity1141 on the 6-month radiograph. Thirty-nine hips (27 @entity1 ) were unbraced, 31 hips (21 @entity1 ) were braced, and 6 hips (4 @entity1 ) were excluded for cross-over. Over a 6-month period, the braced cohort had significantly better improvement in the AI of 5.3 degrees (95% confidence interval, 4.3 to 6.3 degrees) compared to the unbraced cohort which had an improvement in the AI of only 1.1 degrees (95% confidence interval 0.6 to 1.6 degrees) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this comparative analysis of @entity1 with @entity7195 treated with abduction bracing or observation, part-time bracing significantly improved the acetabular index between 6 and 12 months of age. Part-time use of an abduction orthosis is effective for improving @entity7195 in @entity1 with @entity572 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-retrospective comparative study.

title: Abduction bracing for XXXX in infantile @entity572 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['DDH', 'developmental dysplasia of the hip']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['residual acetabular dysplasia']

answer: @entity7195 :: (OMIM:142700,Disease) :: ['residual acetabular dysplasia']


abstract: A 44-year-old @entity1 had a 30-year history of @entity551 and @entity294 . One month before admission, he suddenly lost consciousness by defecation, and was hospitalized. He became alert within two days, but he could not sit up due to severe @entity551 . At that point, he was transferred to our hospital. On admission, @entity5149 and microdactylia were noted. Neurological examination revealed brisk patellar tendon reflexes. @entity3797 or @entity323 was not present. Analyses of blood and urine yielded normal results. Cardiological examination revealed no abnormality that could be responsible for the @entity551 . MR images of the brain were also normal. However, single photon emission tomography revealed diffuse hypoperfusion of the brain. A head-up tilt (50 degrees) test induced a remarkable fall in systolic blood pressure from 149 (heart rate; 65/min) to 64 mmHg (83). Immersion of hand in ice-cold water failed to increase blood pressure. Heart rate variation and cystometry results, which represent the function of parasympathetic nerves, were normal. Warming of his body caused normal sweating. Intravenous injection of low doses of @entity1063 and @entity7202 increased blood pressure while @entity3044 remarkably increased heart rate, suggesting that both alpha- and beta-receptors developed supersensitivity. Instillation of 5% @entity2072 and 5% @entity6114 into the conjunctival sac failed to cause @entity384 . Clinical findings and pharmacological challenge test results suggested that the main lesion of his autonomic nervous system was selectively confined to the postganglionic sympathetic nerves and noradrenergic (not cholinergic) neurons. The autonomic failure of our @entity1 can be classified as @entity43382 . However, most @entity1 with @entity43382 or pure @entity11460 of @entity3797 and @entity323 , which were not noted in our @entity1 . These symptomatic differences may be the result of the highly selective involvement of noradrenergic neurons in the postganglionic sympathetic system in our @entity1 .

title: [A case of XXXX with selective involvement of postganglionic noradrenergic neurons].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary dilation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity43382 :: ('MESH:C544351', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3797 :: ('MESH:D007007', 'Disease') :: ['Anhidrosis', 'anhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic failure complain']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity43382 :: (MESH:C544351,Disease) :: ['idiopathic orthostatic hypotension']


abstract: The @entity1289 Inhibition on Progressive @entity177 (AIPRI) Study showed that the @entity1289 inhibitor @entity2815 provides protection against loss of renal function in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) caused by various @entity8 . As a result of unexpectedly low mortality in the placebo group, there was a substantial imbalance in mortality during the course of this study (8 @entity1 on @entity2815 vs. 1 on placebo). The aim of the extension study was to follow-up the @entity1 from the AIPRI core study until autumn 1996, focusing on @entity740 progression and mortality. Data collection was post hoc. @entity1 were treated according to investigators' usual practices, without knowledge of the core study trial medication or (initially) the core trial results. A new primary efficacy parameter was defined as the time from the start of core study treatment to the occurrence of the first event in the combined composite end-point of dialysis, @entity8 related to @entity8 . Serial serum @entity1011 levels and all-cause mortality were also recorded. The median total follow-up for core + extension periods was 6.6 years. Many @entity1 from both treatment groups (64% on @entity2815 and 61% on placebo) received @entity1289 inhibitors during follow-up. In the intention-to-treat analysis of the core + extension data, only 79 of 300 @entity1 from the @entity2815 group, compared to 102 of the 283 @entity1 from the placebo group needed dialysis or renal transplantation, or died related to @entity8 (P < 0.013, log-rank test). The mortality imbalance seen in the core trial was not evident with the longer follow-up (25 deaths in the @entity2815 and 23 in the placebo group, before dialysis). These data clearly demonstrate a long-term beneficial effect in @entity1 randomized to take @entity2815 during the core study, but because treatment during the extension period was not randomized, the results of this intention-to-treat analysis need to be interpreted with care.

title: Long-term progression of @entity740 in the AIPRI Extension Study. The @entity1289 Inhibition in Progressive XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'renal transplantation or death', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'Angiotensin-converting-enzyme']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'CRI']

entities_list: @entity2815 :: ('MESH:C044946', 'Chemical') :: ['benazepril']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Renal Insufficiency']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lymph node metastases represent a diagnostic and management challenge in @entity1 with disseminated @entity259 ( @entity259 ). Our understanding of microRNA (miRNA) profiles of @entity3 also remains limited and may unveil novel therapeutic strategies for these @entity1 . METHODS: @entity259 @entity1 with a history of total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection were identified from within the prospective Sydney University Endocrine Surgical Unit database. @entity1 with available @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue were included and clinicopathological data were collated. Total RNA was extracted and quantitave polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis performed on the primary @entity5 and a corresponding lymph node @entity3 for expression of miRNAs of proven significance in @entity259 (miR-9*, @entity26767 and @entity26261 ). RESULTS: Tissue was available for analysis in seven @entity1 . The median age at diagnosis was 55 years (range: 22-67). Median @entity5 size was 18   mm (range: 6-55) and over a median follow-up period of 34 months (range: 1-210), five further operations were undertaken for residual disease. One @entity1 died of @entity3 . Pairwise correlations of qPCR expression levels between primary @entity5 and corresponding lymph node metastases revealed significant correlations for miR-9* (P < 0.001), @entity26767 (P = 0.001) and @entity26261 (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: miRNA expression patterns in nodal metastases significantly reflect those of the primary @entity5 in @entity259 . This further validates previously reported miRNA profile analyses and reiterates the potential significance of miR-9*, -183 and -375 in the pathophysiology of @entity259 . The possibility of lymph node biopsy miRNA analysis driven clinical decision making may now also be a possibility where conventional techniques are unhelpful.

title: Nodal @entity3 microRNA expression correlates with the primary @entity5 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['MTC']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of a @entity1745 caused by ossification of the ligamenta flava is presented together with a review of the literature. OBJECTIVE: To present the diagnosis of ossification of the ligamenta flava in a Caucasian @entity1 with a proximal thoracic @entity602 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: This case shows that the upper parts of the thoracic spine can be involved in ossification of the ligamenta flava, which never before has been reported in Caucasian individuals. Furthermore, it is advised that computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging be combined to provide an accurate diagnosis and proper preoperative evaluation of the bony changes, spinal cord, and compression of the spinal cord. METHODS: A @entity1 with a thoracic @entity1745 caused by ossification of the ligamenta flava was treated surgically and made a good clinical recovery. Imaging studies, surgical findings, and results of histopathologic investigations were analyzed to substantiate the diagnosis. RESULTS: The results of the surgical findings seemed to be in contrast with those of the imaging studies. This contrast was occasioned by the uncommon perioperative finding of a fusion of the completely ossified upper and lower parts of the involved adjacent ligamenta flava. Ossification of the ligamenta flava was diagnosed by histopathologic examination, which revealed @entity9980 and lamellar bone formation without fragments of ligamenta flava. CONCLUSION: Although rarely reported in whites, ossification of the ligamenta flava should be considered in all @entity1 presenting with a @entity1745 , even at high thoracic levels. The prognosis after decompressive surgery can be good, especially if intramedullary hyperintensities are absent on preoperatively performed T2-weighted magnetic resonance images.

title: XXXX caused by unusual location and extension of ossified ligamenta flava in a Caucasian male. A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity9980 :: ('MESH:C562735', 'Disease') :: ['endochondral ossification']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord compression']


abstract: A residual mass after treatment of @entity706 is a clinical challenge, because it may represent @entity5 as well as tissue @entity82 . Metabolic imaging by @entity419 ( @entity419 ) positron emission tomography (PET) offers the advantage of functional tissue characterization that is largely independent of morphologic criteria. We compared @entity419 PET to computed tomography (CT) in the posttreatment evaluation of 54 @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) or intermediate/high-grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Residual masses on CT were observed in 13 of 19 @entity1 with @entity978 and 11 of 35 @entity1 with @entity1893 . Five of 24 @entity1 with residual masses on CT versus 1 of 30 @entity1 without residual masses presented a positive @entity419 PET study. Relapse occurred in all 6 @entity1 (100%) with a positive @entity419 PET, 5 of 19 @entity1 (26%) with residual masses on CT but negative @entity419 PET, and 3 of 29 @entity1 (10%) with negative CT scan and @entity419 PET studies (P </=.0001). We observed a higher relapse and @entity204 rate in @entity1 with residual masses at CT compared with @entity1 without residual masses at CT (progression-free survival at 1 year: 62 +/- 10 v 88 +/- 7%, P =. 0045; overall survival at 1 year: 77 +/- 5 v 95 +/- 5%, P =.0038). A positive @entity419 PET study was even more consistently associated with poorer survival: compared with @entity1 with a negative @entity419 PET study, the 1-year progression-free survival was 0% versus 86% +/- 5% (P <.0001) and the 1-year overall survival was 50% +/- 20% versus 92% +/- 4% (P <.0001). The detection of @entity5 by @entity419 PET after the end of treatment has a higher predictive value for relapse than classical CT scan imaging (positive predictive value: 100% v 42%). This could help identify @entity1 requiring intensification immediately after completion of chemotherapy. However, @entity419 PET mainly predicts for early progression but cannot exclude the presence of minimal @entity66 , possibly leading to a later relapse.

title: Whole-body positron emission tomography using @entity419 for posttreatment evaluation in @entity978 and XXXX has higher diagnostic and prognostic value than classical computed tomography scan imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '18F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vital tumor']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']