abstract: Fourteen unselected adult @entity1 with @entity480 had ultrastructural examination of mast cells from matching biopsies of the polyp and inferior turbinate. Between three and 10 blocks were examined for each @entity1 in both tissues and every mast cell that had a nucleus was photographed for study. Fifty-three mast cells were found within the stroma of @entity480 and 54 in the submucosa of the inferior turbinate biopsies. The number of granules ranged between 13 and 167 (mean 60) for @entity1127 and 18 and 148 (mean 61) in the inferior turbinate. The mast cells appeared essentially normal in the inferior turbinate of four @entity1 . The degree of degranulation of the mast cells was calculated as in previous studies and then averaged for both the polyp and the inferior turbinate of each @entity1 . There was greater degranulation in the nasal polyp compared to inferior turbinate (p = 0.03). These results were compared with mast cell degranulation found in the normal nose and in the inferior turbinate of @entity1 with @entity9590 which we previously published. The inferior turbinates in these @entity1 were more degranulated than the normal nose (p = 0.0001) but were similar to that found in @entity1 with @entity9590 . This suggested that some degree of degranulation may occur throughout the nose in two thirds of the @entity1 with @entity480 which supports the theory that mast cell reactions are not limited to the @entity1127 in a proportion of @entity1 .

title: Mast cell ultrastructure in the inferior turbinate and stroma of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: A 19-year-old male presented with a 4-week history of @entity10 . Neurological examination showed @entity1829 . Computed tomography revealed a pineal region mass with remarkable obstructive @entity1276 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed a @entity979 continuously invading through the tectum into the cerebral aqueduct and the fourth ventricle with the preservation of the adjacent structures. The @entity5 appeared an iso- to hypointense mass on T1-weighted images, a heterogeneous iso- to hyperintense mass on T2-weighted images, and a heterogeneously enhanced mass after administration of contrast medium. Histological examination after endoscopic biopsy confirmed that the @entity5 was a @entity979 . Radiotherapy was given to the whole brain and the spinal cord, and magnetic resonance imaging showed complete remission of the @entity5 . @entity979 are highly malignant @entity5 with seeding potential through the neighboring ventricle or along the meninges, and this type of @entity5 becomes larger with local extension. We found no previous reports of the continuous extension into the fourth ventricle. The present case showed ventricular extension with minimal mass effect to adjacent structures, and did not disturb ventricular configuration. According to the unusual finding of ventricular extension, this rare case of @entity979 requires adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: XXXX showing unusual ventricular extension in a young adult--case report.

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['Pineoblastomas', 'pineal region tumor', 'pineoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral papilledema']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity979 :: (MESH:D010871,Disease) :: ['Pineoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complex humanitarian @entity341 are characterised by a break-down of health systems. All-cause mortality increases and non-violent excess @entity204 (predominantly due to @entity166 ) have been shown to outnumber violent @entity204 even in exceptionally brutal conflicts. However, affected populations are very heterogeneous and refugees, internally displaced @entity1 (IDPs) and resident (non-displaced) populations differ substantially in their access to health services. We aim to show how this translates into health outcomes by quantifying excess all-cause mortality in @entity341 by displacement status. METHODS: As standard data sources on mortality only poorly represent these populations, we use data from CEDAT, a database established by aid agencies to share operational health data collected for planning, monitoring and evaluation of humanitarian aid. We obtained 1759 Crude Death Rate (CDR) estimates from emergency assessments conducted between 1998 and 2012. We define excess mortality as the ratio of CDR in emergency assessments over 'baseline @entity7958 (as reported in the World Development Indicators). These death rate ratios (DRR) are calculated separately for all emergency assessments and their distribution is analysed by displacement status using non-parametric statistics. RESULTS: We found significant excess mortality in IDPs (median DRR: 2.5; 95  % CI: [2.2, 2.93]) and residents (median DDR: 1.51; 95  % CI: [1.47, 1.58]). Mortality in refugees however is not significantly different from baseline mortality in the host countries (median DRR: 0.94, 95  % CI: [0.73, 1.1]). CONCLUSIONS: Aid agencies report the highest excess mortality rates among IDPs, followed by resident populations. In absolute terms however, due to their high share in the total number of @entity1 at risk, residents are likely to account for most of the excess @entity204 in today's @entity341 . Further research is needed to clarify whether the low estimates of excess mortality in refugees are the result of successful humanitarian interventions or due to limitations of our methods and data.

title: Excess mortality in refugees, internally displaced XXXX and resident populations in complex humanitarian @entity341 (1998-2012) - insights from operational data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although modern neuroimaging has facilitated early care of @entity1313 in @entity1 worldwide, there are, however, few published reports on clinical profile, treatment, and outcome of @entity1313 in @entity1 from our subregion. PURPOSE: We aimed to retrospectively study the clinical profile and outcome of pediatric @entity1313 in a tertiary referral center from a developing country. METHODS: Forty pediatric @entity1 with histologically verified @entity1313 managed by the authors over a 13-year period (May1994-April 2006) were studied. @entity1 ' data from clinical, radiological, and pathology records were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences version 16. RESULTS: The mean age was 9.75  years (range 1-15  years). Twenty-two males, 18 females. Common presenting symptoms were @entity10 (23 @entity1 , 57.5  %) and @entity410 (15 @entity1 , 37.5  %). @entity427 (72.5  %) and focal @entity51 (62.5  %) were the most common neurologic signs. The mean interval from onset of symptoms to neurosurgical diagnosis was 13.4  months (95  % CI). All @entity1 had @entity5 resection, while 11 (27.5  %) @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy. @entity1276 occurred in 19 (47.5  %) @entity1 and was associated with early presentation (X(2)   =   10.65, p   <   0.01). Low-grade @entity816 (25  %) and @entity2946 (25  %) were the most common @entity5 . Survival at 1 and 5  years were 56 and 47  %, respectively. CONCLUSION: Focal motor signs and @entity428 are the salient presenting features of @entity1313 in @entity1 seen in Nigeria. Those of them with @entity1276 are likely to present early. The outcome for pediatric @entity1313 remains poor.

title: Pediatric XXXX in Nigeria: clinical profile, management strategies, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4346 ( @entity18151 ) typically manifests during or after adolescence in sarcomere mutation carriers at risk for developing @entity1121 . Guidelines recommend serial imaging of mutation carriers without @entity18151 (G+/ @entity18151 -) to monitor for phenotypic evolution, but the optimal strategy is undefined. Compared with echocardiography (echo), cardiac MRI (CMR) offers improved endocardial visualization and potential to assess scar. However, the incremental advantage offered by CMR for early diagnosis of @entity1121 is unclear. Therefore, we systematically compared echo and CMR in G+/ @entity18151 - subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 40 sarcomere mutation carriers with normal echo wall thickness (<12 mm or z score <2.5 in @entity1 ) underwent concurrent CMR. Mean age was 21.7  11.1 years, 55% were female. If left ventricular wall thickness seemed nonuniform, the size and location of relatively thickened segments were noted. Late @entity2287 enhancement was assessed with CMR. Diagnostic agreement between echo and CMR was good (90%), although CMR measurements of left ventricular wall thickness were    19% lower than echo. Four subjects had mild @entity1184 (12.6-14 mm;  <=2 segments) appreciated by CMR but not echo. No subjects had late @entity2287 enhancement. During median 35-month follow-up, 2 subjects developed overt @entity1121 , including 1 with mild @entity18151 by CMR at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Echo is unlikely to miss substantial @entity18151 ; however, CMR identified mild @entity1184 in    10% of mutation carriers with normal echo wall thickness. CMR may be a useful adjunct in @entity1121 family screening, particularly in higher risk situations, or if echocardiographic images are suboptimal or suggest borderline @entity18151 .

title: Comparison of echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1121 sarcomere mutation carriers without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: AIM: To compare the 24-h intraocular pressure (IOP) control obtained with the bimatoprost- @entity6839 fixed combination (BTFC) versus latanoprost in newly diagnosed, previously untreated @entity9998 ( @entity9998 ) or exfoliative @entity726 ( @entity9998 ) @entity1 with baseline morning IOP greater than 29 mm Hg. METHODS: One eye of 41 @entity9998 / @entity9998 @entity1 who met inclusion criteria was included in this prospective, observer-masked, crossover, comparison protocol. All subjects underwent a 24-h untreated curve and were then randomised to either evening administered BTFC or latanoprost for 3 months and then switched to the opposite therapy. At the end of each treatment period, @entity1 underwent a treated 24-h IOP assessment. RESULTS: 37 @entity1 completed the trial. At baseline, mean untreated 24-h IOP was 31.1 mm Hg. Mean 24-h IOP with BTFC was significantly lower than with latanoprost (18.9 vs 21.2 mm Hg; p<0.001). Furthermore, BTFC reduced IOP significantly more than latanoprost at every time point, for the mean peak and trough 24-h IOP (p<0.001). There was no difference, however, in mean 24-h IOP fluctuation between the two medications (3.8 with BTFC vs 4.2 with latanoprost; p=0.161). Both treatments were well tolerated and there was no statistically significant difference for any adverse event between them. CONCLUSIONS: As first choice therapy in high-pressure, at-risk exfoliation @entity1 , BTFC controlled mean 24-h IOP significantly better than latanoprost monotherapy.

title: 24-hour efficacy of the bimatoprost- @entity6839 fixed combination versus latanoprost as first choice therapy in subjects with high-pressure XXXX and @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['XFG', 'XFS', 'exfoliation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity9998 :: (MESH:D017889,Disease) :: ['exfoliation syndrome']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of levetiracetam based on a large population of @entity1 in a tertiary @entity302 centre. METHODS: All @entity1 who received levetiracetam at the Seoul National University Hospital between January 2007 and March 2009 were evaluated. @entity1 who underwent brain surgery for @entity410 control or who had associated progressive disease were excluded from this study. The electronic medical records of these @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 568 @entity1 were recruited, including 124 @entity1 with @entity302 . The mean duration of the follow-up period was 29.3 months. The @entity410 -free rate was 33.6% and was higher in @entity1 with @entity302 (51.6%) than @entity1 with localisation-related @entity302 (28.6%). There was a strong correlation between initial response and dose-up response in 351 @entity1 with increased dosage during the follow-up period. A total of 486 adverse events developed in 316 @entity1 . The most common adverse event (24.3%) was @entity146 , which was associated with a high rate of drug discontinuation. Previous history of @entity1316 was the only factor related to the development of @entity146 in @entity1 using this medication. CONCLUSION: Levetiracetam was effective and safe as monotherapy and add-on therapy for partial and @entity302 . The initial response to levetiracetam may provide useful information for predicting the response to increased dose of levetiracetam. However, the use of this medication was associated with a rate of @entity146 that was higher than expected in @entity1 with a history of @entity1316 .

title: The long-term efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in a tertiary XXXX centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'generalised epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity5399 Transformer (TcTra) is essential for female sex determination and maintenance through the regulation of sex-specific splicing of doublesex ( @entity43338 ) pre-mRNA. In females, TcTra also regulates the sex-specific splicing of its own pre-mRNA to ensure continuous production of functional Tra protein. Transformer protein is absent in males and hence @entity43338 pre-mRNA is spliced in a default mode. The mechanisms by which males inhibit the production of functional Tra protein are not known. Here, we report on functional characterization of @entity37617 ( @entity37617 ) gene (an ortholog of @entity238 @entity37617 ) in @entity5399 . RNA interference-mediated knockdown in the expression of gene coding for @entity37617 in female pupae or adults resulted in the production of male-specific isoform of @entity43338 and both female and male isoforms of tra suggesting that @entity37617 is essential for the female-specific splicing of tra and @entity43338 pre-mRNAs. Interestingly, knockdown of @entity37617 in males did not affect the splicing of @entity43338 but resulted in the production of both female and male isoforms of tra suggesting that @entity37617 suppresses female-specific splicing of tra pre-mRNA in males. This dual regulation of sex-specific splicing of tra pre-mRNA ensures a tight regulation of sex determination and maintenance. These data suggest a critical role for @entity37617 in suppression of female sex determination cascade in males. In addition, RNAi studies showed that @entity37617 is also required for successful embryonic and larval development in both sexes.

title: XXXX Transformer-2 regulates sex determination and development in both males and females.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity5399 :: ('7070', 'Species') :: ['T.  castaneum', 'Tribolium castaneum']

answer: @entity5399 :: (7070,Species) :: ['Tribolium castaneum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transplant @entity2791 , the prevalence of which varies from 2% to 12%, is an important cause of @entity101 and allograft dysfunction. We sought to determine the clinical characteristics of this disorder, assessing, predisposing factors, establishing treatment options, and examining @entity1 outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: Among 321 renal allograft recipients between November 1996 and December 2004, six @entity1 were identified with this finding. We analyzed their clinical data before and after treatment compared with the 315 recipients face of the disorder. RESULTS: The six @entity1 with the disorder were diagnosed within the first year (2 to 8 months; median 5.5 months). All @entity1 displayed @entity8 , peripheral @entity4 , and new-onset or uncontrolled @entity101 at presentation. Abnormal Doppler findings were observed in 5 (83.3%) @entity1 . The hemodynamically significant @entity850 was successfully treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in all six. However, 3 (50%) @entity1 @entity850 requiring a second PTA. The mean serum @entity1011 level decreased from a pre-PTA value of 4.4 +/- 1.8 mg/dL to a 1-month post-PTA value of 2.2 +/- 0.5 mg/dL (P = .027). @entity1 had no significant improvement in mean systolic and diastolic pressure. Vascular acute rejection episodes were more frequent among the affected than the control group (3/6; 50% vs 18/315; 5.7%; P < .001). No differences were found in age, sex, donor type, etiology of @entity8 , immunosuppression, @entity4295 , acute cellular rejection, cold @entity63 time, or HLA matching. CONCLUSION: Transplant @entity2791 is a common cause of @entity101 and @entity8 . Acute vascular rejection is associated with this disorder.

title: Transplant XXXX : association with acute vascular rejection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal allograft dysfunction', 'renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['displayed recurrent stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['renal artery stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between @entity1533 alleles and the clinical expression of the secondary form of @entity10632 ( @entity10632 ) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Typing of @entity1533 alleles was carried out by molecular based techniques on DNA obtained from a population of @entity1 with @entity309 from Lugo in northwestern Spain. @entity1 were diagnosed according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity309 , and comprised 137 seropositive and 42 seronegative individuals. Secondary @entity10632 was defined by @entity2133 and @entity9849 sicca, supported by ophthalmologic examination. @entity1 were compared with 145 ethnically matched controls. RESULTS: Twenty-two (12.3%) of the @entity1 with @entity309 also had secondary @entity10632 . The majority of these (19/22) were @entity4932 . Eleven (57.9%) of the seropositive @entity1 with secondary @entity10632 carried an @entity1533 *15 allele compared with 28 (23.7%) seropositive @entity1 without secondary @entity10632 (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.5-13.6, pc = 0.014). In contrast, the frequency of @entity1533 *04 was reduced in seropositive @entity1 with secondary @entity10632 compared to those without secondary @entity10632 , although this did not achieve significance after correction for multiple testing (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09-0.88, pc = 0.08). Of note, in individuals lacking the @entity309 @entity24602 ( @entity24602 ), @entity1533 *15 was found to be associated (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.1, pc = 0.03) with @entity309 in the absence of secondary @entity10632 . No differences were found between @entity1533 *15 positive and negative @entity1 in @entity66 , nodules, or rheumatoid factor positivity. CONCLUSION: Secondary @entity10632 is associated with an increased frequency of @entity1533 *15 in seropositive @entity1 with @entity309 from northwestern Spain. @entity1533 *15 is also associated with @entity309 in @entity24602 negative individuals without secondary @entity10632 , although the possibility that such @entity1 will later develop @entity10632 cannot be ruled out. Further studies are needed to confirm whether the @entity1533 *15 association with secondary @entity10632 in @entity309 is common to Spanish and other ethnic populations.

title: Association between @entity1533 *15 and secondary Sj  gren's syndrome in XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['terms of erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid factor positive']

entities_list: @entity24602 :: ('MESH:D012753', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'shared epitope']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's syndrome", 'SS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The differential diagnosis of @entity706 and @entity1892 may be difficult. Whether the detection of clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in the cutaneous lesion is predictive of a malignant outcome remains controversial. We therefore studied cases of @entity706 by polymerase chain reaction analysis. DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity1 seen between 1988 and 1996. SETTING: Two dermatology university departments. @entity1 : Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity706 were included according to clinical, histopathological, and immunophenotypic criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical, histopathological, and laboratory findings. RESULTS: There were 13 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 (mean age, 49 years) who presented with erythematous or violaceous papules or nodules. The lesions were unique in 13 cases and multiple in 11 cases. All @entity1 had immunochemical evidence of a mixed T- and B-cell infiltrate with polytypic B cells. Polyclonality was demonstrated in 23 @entity1 , whereas a dominant B-cell clone was detected in 1 @entity1 . No @entity706 developed during the follow-up (median, 4 years). In the same period, we studied 53 cases of @entity1892 . Thirty-five (66%) of the 53 cases had a detectable clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of our cases, polyclonality demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction analysis was in accordance with the diagnosis of @entity706 . In 1 of the 24 @entity1 , the presence of a B-cell clone could be evidenced. This fact did not modify the treatment as there were no histological or immunophenotypic signs suggestive of a @entity706 .

title: Polymerase chain reaction analysis of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in @entity706 . French Study Group for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia', 'cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Lymphomas']


abstract: @entity706 is a rare cause of @entity253 and, on cholangiography, may mimic other causes of @entity3883 . The optimum treatment for these @entity1 is unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence, clinical and imaging findings, management, and outcome of @entity253 caused by @entity706 . Our database was searched retrospectively for @entity1 with @entity253 due to @entity706 between 1999 and 2005. @entity706 was found in 7 (0.6%) of 1123 @entity1 with @entity5 . One @entity1 had benign @entity253 related to @entity706 . Of the eight @entity1 (five male, three female; mean age, 34.50 +/- 17.93 years), four had @entity978 and four had @entity1893 . @entity253 occurred as part of the initial or early presentation of @entity706 in two @entity1 . The most common cause of obstruction was compression of the biliary tract by enlarged lymph nodes (six @entity1 ). Cholangiographic appearances were diverse: narrowing of the common bile duct (six @entity1 ), splayed and narrowed common bile duct (one @entity1 ), and multiple strictures and dilatations of the @entity1157 (one @entity1 ). Biliary drainage was performed in all @entity1 including endoscopic stent placement in six @entity1 , nasobiliary drainage in one, and choledochoduodenostomy in one. @entity3638 resolved in all but one of the @entity1 with a stent; however, none could be maintained in a stent-free condition. Five @entity1 died within 1 year after onset of @entity1087 . One of the surviving @entity1 developed a late benign stricture at the site of the @entity706 . We conclude that @entity706 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity3883 , particularly in younger @entity1 . We suggest that biliary drainage by the endoscopic or percutaneous route is necessary for the treatment of these @entity1 . Late benign strictures may develop. @entity253 is a sign of poor prognosis in @entity706 .

title: XXXX secondary to @entity706 : experience at a referral center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Biliary obstruction secondary to lymphoma', 'Lymphoma', 'earlier lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic bile ducts']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction', 'Biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['Biliary tract obstruction']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study sought to determine the efficacy and safety profile of @entity9433 in @entity1 with recurrent/metastatic @entity213 ( @entity213 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This phase II multiinstitutional study enrolled @entity1 with recurrent/metastatic @entity213 into two cohorts: those without (arm A) and those with (arm B) before exposure to an @entity470 ( @entity470 ) inhibitor. All subjects were treated with @entity9433 1,500 mg daily. Primary endpoints were response rate (arm A) and progression-free survival (PFS; arm B). The biologic effects of @entity9433 on @entity5 growth and survival pathways were assessed in paired @entity5 biopsies obtained before and after therapy. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 were enrolled, 27 in arm A and 18 in arm B. @entity294 was the most frequent @entity137 occurring in 49% of @entity1 . Seven @entity1 experienced related grade 3 @entity137 (3 fatigue, 2 @entity2753 , 1 @entity391 , and 1 @entity294 ). In an intent-to-treat analysis, no complete or partial responses were observed, and stable disease was the best response observed in 41% of arm A (median duration, 50 days, range, 34-159) and 17% of arm B subjects (median, 163 days, range, 135-195). Median PFS was 52 days in both arms. Median OS was 288 (95% CI, 62-374) and 155 (95% CI, 75-242) days for arms A and B, respectively. Correlative analyses revealed an absence of @entity470 inhibition in @entity5 tissue. CONCLUSION: @entity9433 as a single agent in recurrent/metastatic @entity213 , although well tolerated, appears to be inactive in either @entity470 inhibitor naive or refractory subjects.

title: A phase II study of @entity9433 in recurrent/metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib', 'Lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck']


abstract: In 1991 and 1992 we determined the levels of metals, @entity3494 , @entity9725 , and @entity4259 in the Neosho River drainage in southeastern Kansas, the primary habitat for the threatened Neosho madtom (Noturus placidus). We evaluated concentrations in sediments, mussels (Quadrula pustulosa and Q. metanevra), and fish (Percina phoxocephala, @entity7136 , and @entity44630 ) from three sites on the Neosho River and one site on the Cottonwood River. We also evaluated contaminant concentrations in @entity7136 composite samples collected by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) at two additional locations on the Neosho River in 1990-92. Sediments were contaminated by lead. Concentrations of @entity4259 , @entity9725 , and most metals in mussels were low to normal for biota. @entity3494 levels in mussels and fish suggest low-level contamination of biota. @entity3775 , barium, @entity921 and @entity9756 concentrations were much higher in mussels than in fish. Five fish composite samples had @entity3409 concentrations that indicate chronic deleterious effects on biota. Lead concentrations in six fish samples were elevated. @entity349 concentrations in most large fish composites exceeded concentration for protection of animals that might consume them. We believe that reductions in @entity3409 , lead, and @entity349 contamination, in particular, would benefit aquatic life in the river.

title: Metals, XXXX , and @entity4259 in Neosho Madtom habitats in the Neosho River in Kansas, U.S.A.

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['Aluminum']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['Mercury', 'mercury']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity44630 :: ('7973', 'Species') :: ['Ictiobus bubalus']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['Cyprinus carpio', 'C. carpio']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

entities_list: @entity3494 :: ('MESH:D001151', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic', 'Arsenic']

answer: @entity9725 :: (MESH:D001895,Chemical) :: ['boron']


abstract: Anterior thoracic intradural @entity145 (ATIACs) are a rare cause of spinal cord and nerve root compression, for which different treatment strategies have been proposed. Although ATIAC represents a well-known clinical entity, the choice of surgical method has not been uniform, and no study has been specifically designed to compare the results of the different treatment options adopted. The authors report the case of a 40-year old @entity1 with a 1-year history of @entity158 , @entity425 in the lower extremities, gait disturbance, and mild @entity250 . On neurological examination @entity3500 , @entity1746 , and hypesthesia below T-2 were demonstrated. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of an ATIAC at the T-2 level. The @entity1 underwent complete microsurgical removal of the cyst. The authors conducted a Medline search of the relevant literature from 1966 to 1998 and also obtained data on other cases in which @entity1 underwent surgical treatment of ATIAC. The literature search yielded five such cases. Treatment strategies were complete excision and fenestration followed by placement of a shunt. In addition, one case was characterized by intraoperative cyst rupture during retraction of the spinal cord. Correct preoperative workup coupled with microneurosurgical technique allow for successful removal of the lesion and excellent outcome. Based on the literature review and the results in our case, the complete excision of ATIAC is associated with an excellent outcome, which is different from results achieved using other surgical strategies.

title: Anterior thoracic intradural XXXX . Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity hypertonia']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal pain']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and urinary dysfunction']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity3291 is the most common type of primary @entity4617 , but the clinical characteristics and long term outcome are less known in the elderly in China. METHODS: We analyzed medical records of 112 consecutive @entity1 who underwent operative resection of @entity299 between December 1988 and December 2010 in our hospital. Their data were retrospectively analyzed and the difference between two age groups (< 60 years, n = 87 and >=  60 years, n = 25) was compared. RESULTS: The mean age of 112 @entity1 was 48.8    12.5 (range 13 ~ 75) years, and 66 @entity1 (58.9 %) were female. The interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 12 months and the most common presenting symptoms were @entity5837 (66 @entity1 58.9 %), followed by palpitations (55 @entity1 , 49.1 %) and @entity1353 (47 @entity1 , 42.0 %). Mitral valve diastolic murmur was heard in 67 (59.1 %) @entity1 . The @entity5 was located in the left atrium in 96 (85.8 %) @entity1 . There were no in-hospital death. During follow-up ranged between one and twenty-one (7.3    5.3) years, there was no malignancy. @entity3291 recurred in 3 (2.7 %) @entity1 and @entity204 occurred in 5 (4.5 %) @entity1 . The 5 and 15 years survival was 97.8 % and 89.5 %, respectively. To compare with the younger @entity1 , the elderly have higher ratios of concomitant @entity101 , fewer complaints of @entity1353 and @entity5837 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The elderly have lower complaints of @entity1353 and @entity5837 , surgical treatment is associated with low long-term mortality and recurrence rate even in the elder @entity1 .

title: Clinical characteristics and long term post-operative outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest distress']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac myxoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The schedule for intravesical chemotherapy administration has not been definitively established in @entity1 with low-grade recurrent non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC). OBJECTIVE: To assess both the feasibility and the efficacy of a short-term intensive schedule of neoadjuvant intravesical chemotherapy in @entity1 with recurrent NMIBC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A randomised phase 2 clinical study included 54 @entity1 with recurrent NMIBC who were submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy intravesical instillations according to two different timing schedules. The study was performed at a tertiary care referral centre. INTERVENTION: Intravesical @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) 40 mg/40 ml was administered according to a schedule of either one instillation per week for 6 wk (group 1) or three instillations per week for 2 wk (group 2) prior to transurethral resection (TUR). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Local and systemic @entity137 were investigated using the US National @entity5 Institute's (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.4.0 questionnaire at each instillation and the SF-36 questionnaire at randomisation and before TUR. A video-recorded cystoscopy and TUR were performed within 14 d after treatment completion. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Groups 1 and 2 each were assigned 27 cases. Two @entity1 (7.4%) in group 2 could not complete the scheduled treatment because of severe lower urinary tract symptoms. No statistically significant difference in SF-36 domain score was documented pre- and post-treatment between groups. Likewise, no statistically significant difference in treatment-related @entity137 according to the CTCAE v.4 questionnaire was registered. Twelve @entity1 (44.4%) in group 1 and 19 @entity1 (70.4%) in group 2 (p=0.04) had complete @entity5 response. The small number of @entity1 included represents the main limitation of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The intensive short-term schedule of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is safe and without additional @entity137 compared with the weekly regimen. The increased ablative effect may be explained by the improved adherence of the scheduled timing to the duplication rate of @entity5 cells.

title: Neoadjuvant short-term intensive intravesical XXXX regimen compared with weekly schedule for low-grade recurrent non-muscle-invasive @entity150 : preliminary results of a randomised phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: Preincubation with @entity5402 (10 microM) did not affect basal 45Ca accumulation by @entity35 isolated aortic segments complete with endothelium, although 45Ca accumulation was enhanced by removal of endothelium. This confirms the observation that in the presence of endothelium @entity141 influx in @entity35 aorta is antagonized, and indicates that the basal release of an endothelial derived factor might be sufficient to maximally antagonize basal @entity141 influx, or alternatively that EDRF released as a result of muscarinic stimulation does not have identical effects to the factor released under basal conditions. Accumulation of 45Ca stimulated by @entity1882 920 but not that stimulated by @entity2647 was antagonized in the presence of endothelium. Contractions elicited by @entity1882 920 were abolished in the presence of endothelium while contractions evoked by @entity2647 were reduced by about 50%. Preincubation with 10 microM @entity5402 antagonized both @entity2647 (1 microM) stimulated 45Ca accumulation and contractile responses in the presence of endothelium to about the same extent. Therefore, it might be concluded that the inhibitory effect of EDRF in this tissue is due to an inhibition of stimulated @entity141 influx. However, while addition of @entity5402 to tissues precontracted with @entity2647 elicited an immediate relaxation in the presence of endothelium, this relaxation could not be correlated with a reduction in tissue accumulation of 45Ca. @entity5402 also antagonized the @entity2647 -induced reduction of tissue 45Ca content (i.e. efflux of @entity141 ), in tissues preloaded with 45Ca. This implies that the initial endothelial-mediated relaxant effect of @entity5402 in precontracted tissues cannot be explained either by reduced influx or by an enhanced efflux of @entity141 from the smooth muscle cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of endothelium and XXXX on alpha-adrenoceptor agonist stimulated uptake and efflux of 45Ca in @entity35 isolated aorta.

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

answer: @entity5402 :: (MESH:D002217,Chemical) :: ['carbachol']


abstract: Electrophysiological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to describe the excitatory and inhibitory vestibular innervation of extraocular motor nuclei in the goldfish. In antidromically activated oculomotor motoneurons, electrical stimulation of the intact contralateral vestibular nerve produced short-latency, variable amplitude electrotonic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) at 0.5-0.7 ms followed by chemical EPSPs at 1.0-1.3 ms. Stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve produced small amplitude membrane hyperpolarizations at a latency of 1.3-1.7 ms in which equilibrium potentials were slightly more negative than resting potentials. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) reversed with large amplitudes after the injection of @entity2865 ions suggesting a proximal soma-dendritic location of terminals exhibiting high efficacy inhibitory synaptic conductances. In antidromically identified abducens motoneurons and putative internuclear neurons, electrical stimulation of the contralateral vestibular nerve produced large-amplitude, short-latency electrotonic EPSPs at 0.5 ms followed by chemical depolarizations at 1.2-1.3 ms. Stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve evoked IPSPs at 1.4 ms that were reversed after injection of current and/or @entity2865 ions. @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) antibodies labeled inhibitory neurons in vestibular subdivisions with axons projecting into the ipsilateral @entity3057 ( @entity3057 ). Putative GABAergic terminals surrounded oculomotor, but not abducens, motoneurons retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Hence the spatial distribution of GABAergic neurons and terminals appears highly similar in the vestibuloocular system of @entity2083 and mammals. Electron microscopy of motoneurons in the oculomotor and abducens nucleus showed axosomatic and axodendritic synaptic endings containing spheroidal synaptic vesicles establishing chemical, presumed excitatory, synaptic contacts with asymmetric pre- and/or postsynaptic membrane specializations. The majority of contacts with @entity5222 displayed gap junctions in which the chemical and electrotonic synapses were either en face to dissimilar or adjacent to one another on the same soma/dendritic profiles. Another separate set of axosomatic synaptic endings, presumed to be inhibitory, contained pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles with symmetric pre- and/or postsynaptic membrane specializations that never included gap junctions. Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contacts appeared equal in number but were more sparsely distributed along the soma-dendritic profiles of oculomotor as compared with abducens motoneurons. Collectively these data provide evidence for both disynaptic vestibular inhibition and excitation in all subdivisions of the extraocular motor nuclei suggesting the @entity402 to be conserved among vertebrates. We propose that unique vestibular neurons, transmitters, pathways, and synaptic arborizations are homologous structural traits that have been essentially preserved throughout vertebrate phylogeny by a shared developmental plan.

title: Excitatory and inhibitory vestibular pathways to the extraocular motor nuclei in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['GABA', 'gamma-Aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['basic vestibulooculomotor blueprint']

entities_list: @entity5222 :: ('MESH:C567751', 'Disease') :: ['spheroidal vesicles']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['medial longitudinal fasciculus', 'MLF']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Some studies have suggested @entity2 risks among bakers, however the results overall were inconsistent. The authors studied @entity2 risks among bakers and baking-related occupations in the SYNERGY pooled case-control database from 16 countries. METHODS: Occupation in a baking-related job was identified from the subjects' job histories. ORs adjusted for log(age), study centre, smoking behaviour and ever employment in a job with known exposure to @entity358 were calculated by unconditional logistic regression. Findings were stratified by sex, histological subtype of @entity2 and smoking status. RESULTS: 19 366 cases (15 606 @entity1 ) and 23 670 control subjects (18 528 @entity1 ) were included. 473 cases (415 @entity1 , 58 @entity1 ) and 501 controls (437 @entity1 , 64 @entity1 ) had ever worked in baking or a related job. We did not observe an increased risk for @entity1 in baking (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.18). No linear trends were observed for duration of employment. Some results suggested @entity2 risks for @entity1 , for example, for working as a baker for >30 years and in never-smokers, but after exclusion of one study these increased risks disappeared. DISCUSSION: The findings from this study do not suggest @entity2 risks in baking-related professions.

title: XXXX risk among bakers, pastry cooks and confectionary makers: the SYNERGY study.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increased lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['occupational lung carcinogens']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: We report a case of @entity4267 ( @entity4267 ) presenting a @entity63 ( @entity63 ) like @entity7025 . The @entity1 , a 16-year-old @entity1 , had recurrent attacks of right @entity1269 induced by hyperventilation. Neurological examinations revealed no abnormality. Angiography showed severe @entity850 of both anterior cerebral arteries at the proximal portion with "string of beads" appearance in the left pericallosal artery, and @entity543 at the level of the second cervical vertebra. @entity2791 was not seen. A cerebral-blood-flow (CBF) study with 133Xe SPECT showed marked reduction of CBF in the left cerebral hemisphere at times of hyperventilation. Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery was performed and histological examination of the superficial temporal artery (STA) revealed intimal @entity3385 which was compatible with @entity4267 . Postoperative angiography showed good filling of the middle cerebral arteries from the STA. The @entity1 has had no recurrence of @entity63 for a year since the operation. CBF study showed mild low CBF in the region of the left anterior cerebral arterial circulation at hyperventilation. There is no report of intracranial @entity4267 presenting an @entity63 symptom induced by hyperventilation. Clinical diagnosis of @entity7025 should be made carefully when extracranial @entity455 accompanies it.

title: [A case report of XXXX presenting symptoms like @entity7025 : "string of beads" appearance of the pericallosal artery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'ischemic', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['Renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular dysplasia', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['tubular stenosis of the left internal carotid artery']

answer: @entity4267 :: (MESH:D005352,Disease) :: ['fibromuscular dysplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We identified original tissue-committed precursors with limited self-renewal capacity from @entity1 corneal stromal ( @entity10716 ) cells and @entity1 corneal endothelial (HCE) cells, then tried to determine the distribution and proliferative capacity of the precursors. DESIGN: Experimental study. @entity1 : Eighteen @entity1 corneas from donors 56 to 68 years old. METHODS: @entity1 corneal stromal cells were divided into groups based on distance from the center of the @entity267 : <6 mm (central), 6 to 8 mm (paracentral), and 8 to 10 mm (peripheral). @entity1 corneal endothelial cells were separated into 2 groups: <7.5 mm (central) and 7.5 to 10 mm (peripheral) from the center. Each group was subjected to the sphere-forming assay using serum-free medium containing growth factors in floating culture. Sphere numbers and the proliferative capacity of spheres in adherent culture were compared among the groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Density and proliferative capacity of precursors from each area of @entity10716 and HCE cells. RESULTS: Primary spheres were isolated from all groups of @entity10716 and HCE cells. The rate of primary sphere formation from peripheral @entity10716 cells was higher than those of the other 2 groups, being 1.5-fold greater than in the paracentral @entity267 and 4-fold greater than in the central @entity267 . The rate of primary sphere formation by peripheral HCE cells was significantly higher than that by central HCE cells, being 4-fold greater than in the central @entity267 . There were no differences in the proliferative capacity of @entity10716 and HCE cell spheres from the different areas after adherent culture. CONCLUSIONS: All @entity10716 and HCE cells contain a significant number of precursors, but the peripheral cells have a density of precursors higher than that of the central cells. Precursors from each area do not show differences of proliferative capacity. Our findings may in part explain changes after excimer laser treatment and may have implications for corneal transplantation procedures.

title: Distribution of precursors in XXXX corneal stromal cells and endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Eight cell lines were systematically compared for their permissivity to @entity281 , replication, and spread of seven @entity1 @entity683 viruses. Cell lines were of @entity1 origin (Caco-2, A549, HEp-2, and NCI-H292), monkey (Vero, LLC-MK2), mink (Mv1 Lu), and @entity235 (MDCK). The @entity683 viruses included seasonal types and subtypes and a pandemic virus. The MDCK, Caco-2, and Mv1 Lu cells were subsequently compared for their capacity to report neutralization titers at day one, three and six @entity281 . A gradient of sensitivity to @entity281 across the eight cell lines was observed. Relative to MDCK cells, Mv1 Lu reported higher titers and the remaining six cell lines reported lower titers. The replication and spread of the seven @entity683 viruses in the eight cell substrates was determined using hemagglutinin expression, cytopathic effect, and @entity689 activity. Virus growth was generally concordant with @entity281 , with a gradient in virus replication and spread. However, Mv1 Lu cells poorly supported virus growth, despite a higher sensitivity to @entity281 . Comparison of MDCK, Caco-2, and Mv1 Lu in neutralization assays using defined animal antiserum confirmed MDCK cells as the preferred cell substrate for @entity683 virus testing. The results observed for neutralization at one day @entity281 showed MDCK cells were similar (<1 log(2) lower) or superior (>1 log(2) higher) for all seven viruses. Relative to Caco-2 and Mv1 Lu cells, MDCK generally reported the highest titers at three and six days @entity281 for the type A viruses and lower titers for the type B viruses and the pandemic H9N2 virus. The reduction in @entity22421 titer was attributed to the complete growth of type B viruses in MDCK cells before day three @entity281 , resulting in the systematic underestimation of neutralization titers. This phenomenon was also observed with Caco-2 cells.

title: Comparison of different cell substrates on the measurement of @entity1 XXXX virus neutralizing antibodies.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection', 'post-infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Definitive chemoradiotherapy is one of the curative options for resectable @entity1721 with organ preservation. We evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 of radiotherapy at a dose of 50.4 Gy concurrent with chemotherapy for @entity5 . METHODS: @entity418 @entity1 with clinical Stage II-III (T1N1M0 or T2-3N0-1M0) were eligible. Radiotherapy was administered to a total dose of 50.4 Gy with elective nodal irradiation of 41.4 Gy. Concurrent chemotherapy comprised two courses of @entity1487 (1000 mg/m(2)/day) on days 1-4 and 2-h infusion of @entity900 (75 mg/m(2)) on Day 1; this was repeated every 4 weeks. Two courses of @entity1487 with @entity900 were added. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 were enrolled in the study from June 2006 to May 2008. The characteristics of the 51 @entity1 enrolled were as follows: median age 64 years; male/female, 45/6; performance status 0/1, 32/19 @entity1 ; Stage IIA/IIB/III, 9/20/22 @entity1 , respectively. A complete response was achieved in 36 @entity1 (70.6%). The 1- and 3-year overall survival rate was 88.2 and 63.8%, respectively. The median 1- and 3-year progression-free survival rate was 66.7% (80% CI: 57-74%) and 56.6% (80% CI: 47.1-64.9%), respectively. Acute @entity137 included Grade 3/4 @entity448 (45%), @entity2910 (35%) and @entity1398 (20%). Eight @entity1 (15.6%) underwent salvage surgery due to residual or recurrent disease. There were no deaths related to salvage surgery. CONCLUSION: Chemoradiation therapy at a dose of 50.4 Gy with elective nodal irradiation is promising with a manageable tolerability profile in @entity418 @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy at the dose of 50.4 Gy with elective nodal irradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II-III esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage II-III esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: We reviewed the records of @entity1 with @entity5 that had been diagnosed and treated at the Section of Pediatric Surgery of Marqu  s de Valdecilla Hospital from 1974 to 1990. There were 14 such @entity5 . Of these, 12 (85.7%) were @entity3969 . This @entity5 type is the subject of the present study. Regarding its clinical features, 33.3% of the cases consulted for @entity811 and an abdominal mass was the most common finding in the course of the disease (83%). We underscore the usefulness of CT and ultrasound in making the diagnosis. In the cases where these noninvasive imaging techniques were used, their efficacy rate was 100%. Together with IVP, these constitute the fundamental diagnostic tools. With regard to treatment, radical nephrectomy was performed in all cases and combined with radio and chemotherapy according to protocol. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of @entity3969 in all the cases. Following the NWTS classification, there were 2 stage I,5 stage II, 2 stage III and 3 stage IV. Apart from @entity5 stage, the histological features significantly influenced the diagnosis. The survival rates for those with favourable or unfavourable histologic features were 70% and 36%, respectively.

title: [ XXXX in Cantabria. Review of our cases (1974-1990)].

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor", "Wilm's tumor"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'genitourinary tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: Our aim was to evaluate the impact of cell-saver volume and free hemoglobin load on @entity8 . Intraoperative blood salvage was conducted in standard fashion, and in each case a sample of the blood was removed for testing. Outcome data on individual @entity1 were collected during a 6-year period (1992-1998). The total amount of free hemoglobin each @entity1 received was calculated. @entity8 was defined as a rise in creatinine level of 1.0 mg/dL above baseline. There were a total of 125 @entity1 who received salvaged blood. The free hemoglobin concentration ranged from 19 to 304 mg/dL (mean, 87.5 mg/dL). @entity1 were stratified into groups on the basis of the total free hemoglobin received, and the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated a difference between groups in the prevalence of @entity8 (P < 0.001). A total of 15 @entity1 (12%) had significant postoperative @entity8 . There was an association between the amount of free hemoglobin load and subsequent @entity8 . This may warrant further study toward establishing policies and limits regarding maximal free hemoglobin blood.

title: Does cell-saver blood administration and free hemoglobin load cause XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'Renal dysfunction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: Since April 1974, 60 @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 region, of poor prognosis and generally in advanced stages, were treated with the combination of a cytotoxic regimen--VBM ( @entity1891 , @entity1732 and @entity1499 ) and radical radiotherapy. The essential feature of the combination is the administration of pulses of VBM synchronous with a course of fractionated external radiotherapy in order to achieve potentiation of radiotherapy. On average 4-5 pulses of VBM were given during treatment, combined with radiotherapy on a @entity1953 unit. The selection, preparation and management of the @entity1 are described. Intense @entity33 and @entity281 provide the main problems during treatment and close management is essential. Late complications have not been a serious problem. The crude actuarial survival rate at 24 months is 61%. The probability of survival without any recurrence to 24 months following initial treatment is 46%. Local control was achieved by the initial treatment in 43 @entity1 . These results suggest that potentiation of radiotherapy and an increased therapeutic ratio has been obtained by the addition of VBM to radiotherapy and there is a possibility that the occurrence of distant @entity3 has been reduced or postponed.

title: Synchronous VBM and radiotherapy in the treatment of XXXX of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intercurrent infection']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Heat sensitivity and the development of thermotolerance of cells isolated directly from surgical specimens of @entity1 @entity0 , @entity320 and @entity957 of the @entity135 were studied in vitro using the Courtenay soft agar colony assay. The plating efficiency of some of the @entity5 was sufficiently high (0.3-20.4%) for survival curves covering up to two to three decades to be established. Experiments repeated with cells stored in liquid @entity1568 showed that the survival assay gave highly reproducible results. Heat sensitivity of thermotolerant cells was studied by giving cells a conditioning heat treatment of 43.5 degrees C for 60 min and, after incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h, second graded heat treatments at 43.5 degrees C. Significant differences in heat sensitivity and development of thermotolerance between the three @entity5 types were not found. However, the heat sensitivity, whether the cells were thermotolerant or not, differed considerably among individual @entity5 of each histological category. Do at 43.5 degrees C was found to be in the ranges of 23-59 min ( @entity0 ), 20-63 min ( @entity320 ) and 20-57 min ( @entity957 ) for single-heated cells and 105-476 min ( @entity0 ). 102-455 min ( @entity320 ) and 87-400 min ( @entity957 ) for thermotolerant cells. The heat sensitivity of cells made thermotolerant showed no significant correlation to the surviving fraction after the conditioning heat treatment. The study indicated that histological category is a poor parameter for assessment of clinical heat responsiveness of @entity5 . @entity0 , @entity320 and @entity957 are probably, from a thermobiological point of view, equally good candidates for clinical trial aimed at studying the potential usefulness of @entity221 as an adjunct to radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The large differences in heat sensitivity and development of thermotolerance observed among individual @entity5 , irrespective of histological origin, suggested that an in vitro predictive assay for heat responsiveness would be very useful for stratification purposes in such clinical trials.

title: Heat sensitivity and thermotolerance in vitro of @entity1 @entity0 , XXXX and @entity957 of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'Breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 face a high risk of @entity65 and mortality. In these @entity1 a whole cluster of cardiovascular risk factors is found, with insulin resistance being the most significant. @entity12721 , in activating the @entity6864 , lower the insulin resistance. The two @entity12721 available at present, @entity12098 and @entity6170 , do not differ in their effects on insulin resistance or @entity413 metabolism. They do, however, reveal very different effects on the @entity2299 that is characteristic of @entity6 , with elevated @entity1674 , low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherogenic small dense lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 . Inter alia, data from a comparative study show that @entity12098 improves @entity6 more efficaciously than @entity6170 . Despite similar effects on @entity4854 (HbA1c reduction by 0.6% and 0.7%), both @entity12721 differ significantly in their effects on @entity1674 ( @entity12098 -51.9 mg/dl; @entity6170 +13.1 mg/dl; p < 0.001), HDL @entity165 ( @entity12098 +5.2 mg/dl; @entity6170 +2.4 mg/dl; p < 0.001) and LDL @entity165 ( @entity12098 +12.3 mg/dl; @entity6170 +21.3 mg/dl; p < 0.001). LDL particle concentration was reduced with @entity12098 (n7.85%) and increased with @entity6170 (+12%; p > 0.001). Only for @entity12098 the PROactive study, a major outcome trial, documented a significant reduction of cardiovascular outcomes. The principal secondary endpoint of death from any cause, nonfatal @entity583 (excluding silent @entity583 ) or @entity64 was significantly reduced (16%; p = 0.027). The correlation of @entity2299 , reconfirmed by PROactive, and cardiovascular prevention is yet to be resolved. However, as long as the vascular protective mechanism of @entity12098 is not conclusively resolved, findings may not be transmitted to other @entity12721 . For these substances, results from major outcome studies are to be required that prove a reduction of the cardiovascular risk.

title: [Effects of @entity12721 on @entity2299 in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 . Are all equally vasoprotective?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'improved dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiazolidinediones', 'thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scabies is a very common @entity272 in convicts. The SIMSPE Society (Societ   Italiana di Medicina e Sanit   Penitenziaria) has organized and conducted a multicentre, randomized, comparative, parallel group, investigator-blinded trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of synergized @entity312 foam (PF) in comparison with @entity20872 (BB) lotion. METHODS: A total of 240 convicted @entity1 , enrolled in eight National Jail Institutions, with a clinical diagnosis of @entity1908 , were treated with PF (n = 120) for three consecutive days or BB (n = 120) for five consecutive days. Primary study endpoints were the clinical cure rate and the local tolerability. Secondary endpoints were clinical evolution of scabietic lesions and itching intensity. Study outcomes were assessed using appropriate semiquantitative scores at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks. A second treatment cycle was applied if after 2 weeks the @entity1 was not judged clinically cured. RESULTS: At week 2, a total of 75% (95% CI: 66-82%) and 71% (95% CI: 62-78%) of @entity1 showed a complete clinical cure rate in the PF and BB groups, respectively. At week 4, the percentage of totally cured @entity1 increased up to 95% (95% CI: 89-97%) and 91% (95% CI: 83-94%) in the PF and BB groups, respectively (P = NS between groups). At week 4, 5% in the PF group and 9% in the BB group complained of itching. Burning and irritation after treatment applications were more common in the BB group in comparison with the PF group. The tolerability score was better in the PF group in comparison with to BB group (2.9 vs. 2.2; P = 0.0001). A total of 95% of @entity1 in the PV group had a good tolerability score (i.e. = 3) in comparison with 41% in the BB group. CONCLUSION: Our results show that a 3-day treatment with @entity312 thermofobic foam is at least as effective as a 5-day treatment with @entity20872 lotion in convicted subjects with @entity1908 . The foam formulation is better tolerated than the @entity20872 lotion.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of a new synergized @entity312 thermofobic foam in comparison with @entity20872 in the treatment of XXXX in convicts: the ISAC study (Studio Della scabbia in ambiente carcerario).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infection']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethrins']

entities_list: @entity20872 :: ('MESH:C006723', 'Chemical') :: ['benzyl benzoate']

answer: @entity1908 :: (MESH:D012532,Disease) :: ['scabies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Variation in provision of palliative care in kidney services and practitioner concerns to provide equitable access led to the development of this study which focussed on the perspectives of South Asian @entity1 and their care providers. As @entity1 with a South Asian background experience a higher risk of @entity454  (ESKF) compared to the majority population but wait longer for a transplant, there is a need for end of life care to be accessible for this group of @entity1 . Furthermore because non English speakers and @entity1 at end of life are often excluded from research there is a dearth of research evidence with which to inform service improvement. This paper aims to explore issues relating to the process of recruitment of @entity1 for a research project which contribute to our understanding of access to end of life care for ethnic minority @entity1 in the kidney setting. METHODS: The study employed an action research methodology with interviews and focus groups to capture and reflect on the process of engaging with South Asian @entity1 about end of life care. Researchers and kidney care clinicians on four @entity9462 sites in the UK recruited South Asian @entity1 with ESKF who were requiring end of life care to take part in individual interviews; and other clinicians who provided care to South Asian kidney @entity1 at end of life to take part in focus groups exploring end of life care issues. In action research planning, action and evaluation are interlinked and data were analysed with emergent themes fed back to care providers through the research cycle. Reflections on the process of @entity1 recruitment generated focus group discussions about access which were analysed thematically and reported here. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were recruited to interview and 45 different care providers took part in 14 focus groups across the sites. The process of recruiting @entity1 to interview and subsequent focus group data highlighted some of the key issues concerning access to end of life care. These were: the identification of @entity1 approaching end of life; and their awareness of end of life care; language barriers  and informal carers' roles in mediating communication; and contrasting cultures in end of life kidney care. CONCLUSIONS: Reflection on the process of recruitment in this action research study provided insight into the complex scenario of end of life in kidney care. Some of the emerging issues such as the difficulty identifying @entity1 are likely to be common across all @entity1 groups, whilst others concerning language barriers and third party communication are more specific to ethnic minorities. A focus on South Asian ethnicity contributes to better understanding of @entity1 perspectives and generic concepts as well as access to end of life kidney care for this group of @entity1 in the UK. Action research was a useful methodology for achieving this and for informing future research to include informal carers and other ethnic groups.

title: Exploring access to end of life care for ethnic minorities with XXXX through recruitment in action research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 Diabetes  (T2DM) and end stage kidney failure']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end stage kidney disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acute care nurses are in good position to identify @entity1 with bladder and rectal control problems, inform physicians, provide initial interventions, and make appropriate referrals. Do nurses assess and document these problems? METHODS: Two hundred forty-seven @entity1 (123 @entity1 ; 124 @entity1 ) aged 22 to 92 years were interviewed before admission. Charts were reviewed for documentation. RESULTS: One hundred three @entity1 (32 @entity1 ; 71 @entity1 ) reported @entity322 . Only 10 @entity1 had @entity322 documented on admission. Of 53 individuals who reported fecal @entity322 , only nine had the symptoms documented. DISCUSSIONS: The @entity322 rate was 42% in this acute care population, significantly higher than the incidence reported in studies of community dwellers and lower than the incidence reported in studies of nursing homes. However, ages, definitions of @entity322 , and methods of data collection varied among the studies. Documentation of @entity322 was reported as low in all of the studies. Based on findings, nurses are advised to assess and document @entity322 on @entity1 and @entity1 of all ages (not just older adults) and to ask direct questions to get information. Strategies for increased awareness of urinary and fecal @entity322 issues at the authors' institution after this study's results are included.

title: Self-report of XXXX in acute care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Oxidative stress may cause various @entity528 and modulate responses to many centrally acting drugs. This study examines the effects of oxidative stress produced by @entity273 ( @entity274 ) on sedation induced by @entity3175 or @entity4763 as assessed in 7-14 day-old chicks. Day-old chicks were provided with either plane tap water (control group) or @entity274 in tap water as 0.5% v/v drinking solution for two weeks in order to produce oxidative stress. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine @entity2041 and @entity1234 concentrations in plasma and whole brain. Drug-induced sedation in the chicks was assessed by monitoring the occurrence of signs of sedation manifested as drooping of the head, closed eyelids, reduced motility or immotility, @entity393 calls, and recumbency. The latency to onset of sedation and its duration were also recorded. @entity274 treatment for two weeks significantly decreased @entity2041 and increased @entity1234 concentrations in plasma and whole brain of the chicks on days 7, 10 and 14 as compared with respective age-matched control groups. @entity274 decreased the median effective doses of @entity3175 and @entity4763 for the induction of sedation in chicks by 46% and 63%, respectively. Injection of @entity3175 at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.m. or @entity4763 at 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg, i.m. induced sedation in both control and @entity274 -treated chicks in a dose dependent manner, manifested by the above given signs of sedation. @entity274 significantly decreased the latency to onset of sedation in chicks treated with @entity3175 at 5 and 10 mg/kg, increased the duration of sedation and prolonged the total recovery time in comparison with respective non-stressed control chicks. A similar trend occurred with @entity4763 in the @entity274 -treated chicks, though the differences from control counterparts did not attain the statistical significance, except for the recovery time of the lowest dose of the drug. The data suggest that @entity274 -induced oxidative stress sensitizes the chicks to the depressant action of the sedatives @entity3175 and @entity4763 . Further studies are needed to examine the potential role of oxidative stress in modulating the actions of therapeutic agents on the brain.

title: Effects of @entity273 on @entity3175 and XXXX sedation in chicks.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased distress']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunctions']

answer: @entity4763 :: (MESH:D014991,Chemical) :: ['xylazine']


abstract: @entity2012 may induce @entity2331 ; however, there are limited data related to @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in this condition. To evaluate the effects of an excess of growth hormone/ insulin-like growth fractor I (GH/ @entity442 ) in the skeleton, we measured the @entity79 in spine and femoral region, total body @entity460 and body composition in 45 @entity1 (24 females and 21 males) aged 21-77 years (median 43 years) with @entity2012 for 11.4 +/- 7.5 years (range 0.5-26 years) using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (Lunar DPX). Thirty-four @entity1 had had @entity6126 for 8.6 +/- 6.5 years (1-24 years). Mean serum GH and @entity442 levels were respectively 159 +/- 183 micrograms/l and 843 +/- 497 micrograms/l. Total body @entity460 was increased in the acromegalics (males: 1272 +/- 217 g, range 916-1816 g; females: 1041 +/- 223 g, range 739-1609 g) when compared with normal individuals (males: 1115 +/- 144 g, range 856-1398 g; females: 909 +/- 144 g, range 511-1311 g; p = 0.01). The lean body mass was significantly higher in acromegalic @entity1 (p < 0.001) compared with normal individuals. There was a tendency for a lower fat percentage in the acromegalics; however, this difference was not significant. @entity2331 (1 Z-score below the mean) was found in the spine in 20% (n = 9) of the @entity1 , while @entity79 was decreased in the femoral region in only 8.8% (n = 4). The group with @entity2331 had a greater duration of @entity6126 than the normal @entity79 group (14 +/- 11 years vs 4.4 +/- 4.0 years; p = 0.01). A negative correlation was also found between the duration of @entity6126 and @entity79 in spine (r = -0.4; p = 0.003) and femoral region (r = -0.37; p = 0.013). The @entity6126 @entity1 had a lower @entity79 in spine (p < 0.005), but not in other regions analyzed. No correlation was found between duration of hypersomatotropism, GH/ @entity442 levels and @entity79 . We conclude that the majority of @entity1 with @entity2012 have preserved @entity79 despite the presence of @entity6126 .

title: @entity2331 occurs in a minority of XXXX with @entity2012 and is predominant in the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia', 'abnormalities in bone metabolism', 'Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'hypogonadal']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-induced @entity101 ( @entity5029 ) causes increased risk of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Identification of risk factors for @entity5029 in early life is central to the development of prevention strategies. METHODS: A cohort of 703 @entity1 aged 25.5-51.3 years from the Bogalusa Heart Study were included. @entity5029 were defined as self-reported @entity101 during pregnancy and a blood pressure level <140/90mm Hg without antihypertensive medication (n = 131) at the subsequent examinations. Body mass index (BMI), @entity551 , high- and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity1674 measured during childhood (4-17 years) were considered. General linear models were used to examine differences in childhood between those who did and those who did not develop @entity5029 . @entity2357 models were used to estimate odds ratios for @entity5029 associated with childhood risk factors. RESULTS: Compared to @entity1 who did not develop @entity5029 , those who developed @entity5029 had higher BMI (20.2 vs. 19.2kg/m(2), P = 0.0002) and systolic blood pressure (104.1 vs. 103.3mm Hg, P = 0.008) in childhood. After adjustment for other variables, childhood BMI was the only risk factor associated with @entity5029 , with each standard deviation increase in childhood BMI being associated with an odds ratio of 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.68) for @entity5029 . The odds of @entity5029 increased significantly as childhood BMI increased from the bottom quartile to the top quartile (P for trend = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated childhood BMI is a significant risk factor for @entity5029 in adulthood, which underscores the importance of body weight control in childhood for prevention of @entity5029 .

title: Childhood Risk Factors and Pregnancy-Induced XXXX : The Bogalusa Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: The Beta-blocker Strategy plus Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (BEST- @entity737 ) Trial is a multicenter prospective randomized trial that started in June 1998, in 95 centers in Italy and Germany. The trial will test the hypothesis whether, in high-risk post @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 already treated with beta blockers, electrophysiologic study (EPS)-guided therapy (including the prophylactic implantation of @entity737 [ @entity737 ] in inducible @entity1 ) will improve survival compared with conventional therapy. @entity1 eligible for the study are survivors of recent @entity583 (> or = 5 and < or = 21 days), aged < or = 80 years, with left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 35% and > or = 1 of the following additional risk factors: (1) ventricular premature beats > or = 10/hour; (2) @entity1168 variability (standard deviation of unusual RR intervals < 70 msec); and (3) presence of ventricular late potentials. Furthermore, all enrolled @entity1 must be able to tolerate at least 25 mg of @entity1406 per day. These @entity1 constitute about 9% of all @entity1 with recent @entity583 and are expected to have a 2-year all-cause mortality > 25% of which 50% is anticipated to be from @entity944 . The main criteria of exclusion from the study are (1) a history of sustained @entity943 ; (2) documentation of nonsustained @entity1165 during the screening phase; and (3) the need for myocardial revascularization and contraindications or intolerance to beta-blocker therapy. Eligible @entity1 will be randomized to 2 different therapeutic strategies: conventional strategy or EPS/ @entity737 strategy. @entity1 allocated to the EPS/ @entity737 strategy will undergo further risk stratification, and electrophysiologically inducible @entity1 (approximately 35%) will receive prophylactic ICDs, in addition to the conventional therapy, whereas noninducible @entity1 will be only conventionally treated. The primary endpoint of the study will be death from all causes. By hypothesizing a 30% reduction in the 2-year mortality (from 20% to 14%) in the EPS/ @entity737 group compared with conventionally treated @entity1 , 1,200 @entity1 will have to be included. A triangular, 2-sided sequential design with preset boundaries, for a 5% significance level and 90% power to detect a reduction in 2-year mortality from 20% to 14%, will be used to permit early termination of the trial if the strategy is found to be efficacious, no difference, or inefficacious.

title: Which strategy is "best" after XXXX ? The Beta-blocker Strategy plus Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Trial: rationale and study design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: A rat @entity3783 ( @entity3783 ) monoclonal antibody (mAb), AMT-13, has been shown to prolong cardiac allograft survival in @entity19 . However, neither the mechanism of its immunosuppressive action, nor its other in vivo effects, have been studied extensively. We investigated the effect of AMT-13 on serum-soluble @entity3783 levels by a quantitative ELISA technique. Following administration of multiple doses of AMT-13, sufficient to delay fetal pancreatic graft rejection, a rapid and lasting increase in soluble(s) @entity3783 levels of up to 20-fold was observed. Levels returned to normal by Day 9 despite continued AMT-13 administration. A similar though less marked increase was observed following a single injection of AMT-13. Irradiation with 350 rads decreased sIL-2R levels, whilst @entity35 Ig-treated control @entity19 had sIL-2R levels within the normal range. In vivo administration of recombinant @entity2047 also increased sIL-2R levels, but the effect was transient and slight. No effect on either the release of sIL-2R or expression of cell surface-associated @entity2047 receptors was noted when splenocytes were cultured in the presence of AMT-13. We speculate that the increased concentration of sIL-2R in the serum of AMT-13-treated @entity19 may play a role in the immunosuppressive action of this mAb.

title: Anti- XXXX receptor monoclonal antibody AMT-13 increases soluble @entity2047 receptor levels in vivo.

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: A 13-year-old @entity1 with @entity716 , @entity308 , and @entity3119 initially presented with @entity227 and a lifetime of excessive worries about contamination. Family history was significant for @entity161 and @entity146 . When treated with @entity8991 100 mg daily (plasma level 85 ng/mL), @entity3119 but not the @entity1833 improved significantly, and racing thoughts and grandiosity developed later. Haloperidol 0.5 mg daily reduced the @entity716 but was poorly tolerated, and then @entity6105 3 mg daily was ineffective, so @entity8991 was discontinued (without worsening of @entity3119 symptoms). @entity6105 in combination with @entity1091 1500 mg daily (0.9 meq/L), and then with the addition of @entity2049 250 mg daily (3.7 micrograms/mL), was only partially helpful. Dose reductions in any medication led to increased @entity716 within days. @entity6105 was then replaced by @entity1090 3 mg twice daily. Within 2 weeks of starting @entity1090 , @entity716 ceased but the @entity1 experienced an incapacitating exacerbation of @entity3119 , experiencing the most severe symptoms in his illness. @entity3756 50 mg reduced the @entity3119 symptoms only briefly. After 5 months on @entity1090 , @entity1090 and @entity3756 were discontinued, and the @entity3119 significantly decreased within 2 weeks. These clinical observations suggest that even when @entity1090 has a therapeutic antipsychotic effect, it may exacerbate @entity3119 in predisposed adolescents.

title: Differential response of XXXX and obsessive symptoms to @entity1090 in an adolescent.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['auditory and visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['compulsive behavior']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine', 'Trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertraline', 'sertraline']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive symptoms', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is very little published literature about experience with @entity170 treatment from our country. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective analysis of first 50 @entity1 enrolled in our clinic for @entity170 . Postmenopausal @entity1 with T score of less than -2.5 or history suggestive @entity174 with supportive @entity79 ( @entity79 ) were included. @entity1 having @entity2741 , @entity8 , @entity1582 and on long-term @entity230 were also excluded. RESULTS: Nearly 34% subjects were below the age of 60 years, 47% of subjects were between 60 and 70 years, whereas 18% were above 70 years. Nearly 6% had family history of @entity170 s or history of @entity3604 . Nearly 20% subjects had @entity174 prior to starting of any treatment. A total of 86% (40/46) had evidence of @entity560 (VD) deficiency. Nearly 80% of @entity1 were treated with @entity171 , 12% were treated with injectable @entity171 , and 8% were treated with teriperatide. Nearly 16% @entity1 had duration of more than 5 years of experience with @entity171 . Follow up @entity79 was available in 25 subjects. @entity79 had improved significantly in 68% of subjects. In 24% the @entity79 was stable (the change was less than least significant change (LSC)). In 8% @entity79 had shown a significant decline while being on treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity170 occurs in relatively younger @entity1 in our country. Majority of them are @entity41910 . Oral @entity171 is the most common used drug; it is fairly well tolerated and effective.

title: XXXX : Our experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal renal function']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity41910 :: ('MESH:D014808', 'Disease') :: ['VD deficient']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Postmenopausal osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of 2 cases with @entity358 . METHOD: Clinical manifestations of the @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed. Two @entity1 were both from Beijing @entity1 Hospital in 2013 and 2014.Diffuse @entity358 was diagnosed by pathology of pleura in case 1 and by lymphoscintigraphy in case 2. RESULT: The first @entity1 was a male aged 10-year-5-month who presented with a history of @entity1143 for 2 years. Examination revealed chylothorax and @entity2294 . After pleural decortications and ligation of thoracic duct was performed, he still had recurrent chylothorax. Pathology of pleura revealed @entity2696 . Physical examination showed diminished breath sound and heart sounds. A bronchoscope revealed too much white viscous secretions. Thorax ultrasound revealed @entity2696 in bilateral lower thoracic cavity and post inferior @entity6830 . Chest computed tomography showed diffuse thickening of the interlobular septa and bronchovascular bundle in both lungs, many @entity730 in the lower field. Abdomen ultrasound revealed a small quantity seroperitoneum. Lymphoscintigraphy revealed radioactivity enhancement in bilateral thoracic cavity. The second @entity1 was a female aged 6 years and 9 months, who presented with a history of recurrent cough for 2 years and 9 months. Physical examination showed normal result. Pulmonary function showed mixed ventilation function disturbance. A bronchoscopy showed extensive viscous secretions. Mediastinum, heart and abdomen were normal on ultrasound. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse thickening of the interlobular septa and bronchovascular bundle in both lungs and bilateral @entity456 . Lymphoscintigraphy revealed @entity38336 in both lungs. Both @entity1 received a diagnosis of @entity358 . Case 1 who had died was diagnosed with @entity15704 . Case 2 had no exacerbation after 9 months' treatment with @entity229 . CONCLUSION: Diffuse @entity358 might present with cough and @entity1353 and result in diffuse @entity401 with thickening of the interlobular septa, refractory chylothorax, @entity2696 in @entity6830 , @entity2294 and seroperitoneum. It could be diagnosed by pleura or lung tissue pathology and lymphoscintigraphy.

title: [Clinical analysis of two cases with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity15704 :: ('MESH:C537727', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity38336 :: ('MESH:D008200', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lymphangiectasis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['punctate calcification']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma', 'multiple lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pulmonary lymphatic disease', 'pulmonary lymphatic disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial disease']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['diffuse pulmonary lymphatic disease']