abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Maintaining adequate ratios of @entity1372 -to- @entity972 requires @entity712 @entity1 to be adherent to recommended dietary guidelines. A potential deterrent to adherence is poor cognitive functioning. The aims of this study were to (1) estimate dietary @entity1372 and @entity972 intake and @entity1372 -to- @entity972 ratios and (2) examine the associations between cognitive functioning and @entity1372 -to- @entity972 ratios. BACKGROUND: @entity73 may impact levels of adherence and subsequently @entity1372 -to- @entity972 ratios; however, little is known about the relationship of cognitive functioning, adherence to dietary restrictions and @entity1372 -to- @entity972 ratios. DESIGN: This study used a descriptive correlational design. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with @entity712 @entity1 with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Standard cognitive measures were used and included neuropsychological tests of global cognition, immediate and delayed recall, and executive function. Further, @entity1 were instructed to complete a three-day food diary as an indirect measure of @entity1372 -to- @entity972 intake. RESULTS: Ninety-one Korean @entity1 with @entity712 participated in this study (age 57  years, @entity1 33%, education 10  years). A major underlying cause for @entity712 was @entity384 (40%), followed by ischaemic cause (24%); the mean @entity712 duration was 37  months. Average @entity1372 intake was 3982  mg/day, with @entity1 consuming a significantly higher amount than @entity1 (4207 vs. 3523  mg). @entity972 intake was 2583  mg/day, with both @entity1 and @entity1 consuming similarly insufficient amounts. @entity1372 -to- @entity972 ratio was 1  60, with @entity1 having a significantly elevated ratio compared with @entity1 (1  68 vs. 1  44). Cognitive function by @entity1372 -to- @entity972 quartile groups showed nonlinear associations. CONCLUSION: @entity1 in the study consumed excessive @entity1372 and insufficient @entity972 ; correspondingly, elevated @entity1372 -to- @entity972 ratios showed significant associations with cognitive function (memory). RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Dietary guidelines tailored to levels of cognitive function as well as Korean dining culture may be important in ensuring @entity1372 -to- @entity972 balance in these @entity712 @entity1 .

title: An examination of the association of cognitive functioning, adherence to XXXX restriction and Na/K ratios in Korean @entity712 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium', 'Potassium']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: The incretin mimetic exenatide improved glycemic control and reduced body weight in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 inadequately controlled with @entity2449 +/-a @entity4136 . We assessed postprandial beta-cell function by mathematical modeling, independent of confounding effects from differing ambient @entity413 levels among treatments. Subjects were 63% males, 55+/-10 years, BMI 33+/-6 kg/m2, HbA1C 8.1+/-1.1% (+/- SD) randomized to 5 microg exenatide or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks. Subsequently, one arm remained at 5 microg twice daily, one arm escalated to 10 microg twice daily, and one treatment arm remained on placebo for 26 weeks. Subjects continued @entity2449 +/-a @entity4136 . A subset with meal tests at baseline and week 30 were analyzed (n=73). Outcome measures were the model-based beta-cell function parameters dose-response relating insulin secretion to @entity413 concentration, rate sensitivity, and potentiation. Exenatide reduced postprandial @entity413 excursions. Modeling predicted an upward shift of the beta-cell dose-response. Model-predicted insulin secretion rate at a reference @entity413 concentration increased 72% (10 microg), increased 40% (5 microg), or decreased 21% (placebo) at week 30 [ p=0.015 (10 microg); p=0.045 (5 microg); vs. placebo]. At week 30, the 2-hour post-meal to basal potentiation factor ratio was increased to 1.53+/-0.10 (10 microg; p=0.0142 vs. placebo) or 1.40+/-0.08 (5 microg; p=0.0402 vs. placebo) compared with 1.15+/-0.06 (placebo). Exenatide caused an upward shift of the beta-cell dose-response and enhanced potentiation of insulin secretion. This model suggests exenatide improved beta-cell function in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 treated with @entity2449 +/-a @entity4136 .

title: Mathematical modeling shows exenatide improved beta-cell function in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 treated with @entity2449 or @entity2449 and a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity4136 :: (CHEBI:26831,Chemical) :: ['sulfonylurea']


abstract: Botswana has the second highest @entity645 prevalence rate and highest rate of orphanhood in the world. Although @entity1 mortality rates have doubled in 15 years, the extent to which health disparities are connected to orphan status remains unclear. We conducted an analysis of the 2000 Botswana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to examine whether orphan-based health disparities exist. We measured health inequalities using anthropometric data among 2723 under-five year olds, nested in 1854 households, and 208 communities. We calculated multilevel logistic regression models to estimate the @entity1 , household, and regional determinants of growth failure. We found that orphaned @entity1 aged 0-4 are 49% more likely to be underweight than nonorphans (p<0.05) controlling for household poverty and other factors; and orphans disproportionately live in the poorest households. Throughout sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Botswana is a leader in responding to the @entity791 epidemic, in particular as one of the first countries to offer universal antiretroviral treatment. However, orphan-based health disparities confirm that the orphan response is still insufficient. Better data are needed to fully understand the mechanisms that lead to these disparities, and the public sector needs an increased capacity to fully implement the policies and programs designed to meet the needs of orphans. Findings from this study have important implications for countries throughout SSA, and Southern Africa in particular, where the number of orphans has doubled to tripled over the past 15 years.

title: Emerging health disparities in Botswana: examining the situation of orphans during the XXXX epidemic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: PURPOSE: The alleviation of suffering is a central goal of palliative care, but little research has addressed the construct of suffering as a global experience of the whole @entity1 . We inquired into the sense of suffering among @entity1 with @entity5 to investigate its causes and correlates. @entity1 AND METHODS: Semistructured interviews were administered to 381 @entity1 . The interviews inquired about physical symptoms, social concerns, @entity458 , and existential issues. We also asked, "In an overall, general sense, do you feel that you are suffering?" RESULTS: Almost half (49.3%) of respondents did not consider themselves to be suffering, and 24.9% felt that they suffered only mildly. However, 98 @entity1 (25.7%) were suffering at a moderate-to-extreme level. The latter @entity1 were more likely to experience significant distress on 20 of the 21 items addressing symptoms and concerns; the highest correlations were with general malaise (rho [rho]= 0.56), weakness ( = 0.42), @entity158 ( = 0.40), and @entity308 ( = .39). In regression analyses, physical symptoms, @entity458 , and existential concerns, but not social issues, contributed to the prediction of suffering. In qualitative narratives, physical problems accounted for approximately half (49.5%) of @entity1 reports of suffering, with psychological, existential, and social concerns accounting for 14.0%, 17.7%, and 18.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Many @entity1 with @entity5 do not consider themselves to be suffering. For those who do, suffering is a multidimensional experience related most strongly to physical symptoms, but with contributions from @entity458 , existential concerns, and social-relational worries.

title: Suffering with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress', 'psychological problems']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of a Web-based version of the epidemiology of prolapse and @entity322 questionnaire (EPIQ). METHODS: @entity1 included 876 @entity1 age 38 to 65 years attending primary care clinics in the Salt Lake Valley. @entity1 completed a single Web- or paper-based version of the symptom bother questions from EPIQ, and a subset repeated the same or opposite method at 2 separate time points. To assess subscales for the Web-based version factor, analysis of the 22 EPIQ items related to @entity3087 symptoms was performed using principal components analysis and varimax rotation. Internal consistency was assessed using coefficient a. Test-retest and intermethod reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients for domain scores. Correlations above 0.70 were considered acceptable. RESULTS: Overall, 384 and 492 @entity1 completed at least 1 Web and 1 paper EPIQ and 93% were white with mean age of 50 (7) years. Of these, 63 completed Web-Web, 57 Web-paper, 47 paper-Web, and 109 paper-paper test-retest. Overall, factor analyses were consistent with the 7 domains of the original EPIQ. Cronbach a for the 4 symptomatic @entity3087 domains and range of test-retest reliability for the various administration methods were similar to the original EPIQ instrument. Correlations for domain scores were above 0.70, except the anal @entity322 scale (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.68.) CONCLUSIONS: Web administration of the EPIQ has similar psychometric properties with comparable internal consistency and test-retest reliability when administered in the same modality. Reliability between both methods of administration is acceptable.

title: Web versus paper-based completion of the epidemiology of prolapse and XXXX questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor disorder']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The study of @entity1 carrying germline epidermal [corrected] growth factor receptor ( @entity470 ) mutations, which have been found in cases of @entity2220 , could provide unique insight into @entity2 risk and @entity105 in never-smokers. However, investigations into the biology of germline @entity470 mutations have been hampered by the lack of an effective strategy for screening for carriers. We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity2 found to harbor the @entity470 @entity9513 resistance mutation before treatment, an uncommon occurrence, would be likely to carry underlying germline @entity9513 mutations. METHODS: Eleven unrelated @entity1 with @entity2 , harboring an @entity470 @entity9513 mutation, were identified from a 7-year institutional experience with @entity5 genotyping. Ten @entity1 had benign tissue available, which was anonymously tested for the presence of germline @entity470 mutations. RESULTS: Five of 10 cases carried a germline @entity9513 mutation (50%, confidence interval 27%-73%). One @entity1 's @entity5 exhibited a distinctive indolent growth, which has also been described in preclinical studies of @entity9513 -mutant @entity5 . A second @entity1 underwent resection of six separate primary @entity2220 , each carrying different sensitizing @entity470 mutations and @entity9513 . CONCLUSIONS: Genotyping of @entity2 , now commonly performed to predict benefit from treatment with @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors, can also be used as a screening tool to identify @entity1 at risk of carrying germline @entity470 mutations. Once identified, these @entity1 and their families can be studied prospectively to explore appropriate @entity2 screening strategies. Further studies using existing oncogenomic data to provide insight into underlying germline genetics are warranted.

title: Screening for germline @entity470 @entity9513 mutations through XXXX genotyping.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'familial lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) has received much attention, notably in the treatment of @entity11 and @entity320 . The objective of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of @entity2904 alone and @entity2904 -based combination drug therapy in @entity1 with @entity320 . Using " @entity2903 " as a keyword combined with " @entity320 " and "randomized controlled trials" as Medical Subject Headings, the following electronic databases were searched: the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EBSCO, EMBASE, Ovid, cNKI, and cBMDisc. The evaluating indicators were overall response rate (ORR), 1-year survival rate, and several of the most frequent adverse events. Five randomized controlled trials met our criteria and were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 703 @entity1 (309 @entity1 received @entity2904 alone, and 394 @entity1 received combined regimens). The meta-analysis showed that the ORR for @entity2904 -based drug therapy was higher than @entity2904 alone [relative risk (RR)   =   1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.95], but the 1-year survival rate was not significantly different between the two groups (RR   =   1.13; 95% CI, 0.92-1.40). These results suggested that the impact of these increased response rates was not translated into a survival benefit. Moreover, we found no difference in the incidence of adverse events analyzed. The currently available evidence showed that the @entity2904 -combination therapy may moderately improve the response rate, but there was no corresponding increased @entity137 . Future large-scale, high-quality, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials are needed.

title: Efficacy and safety between @entity2903 alone and @entity2903 -based double therapy for XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide', 'temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: @entity204 after i.v. administration of equinatoxin II (EqT II) has been attributed to the @entity1457 resulting from @entity1370 effects. The mechanism of action is unknown. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of the toxin on vascular tone in the isolated porcine coronary artery and on coronary flow in the isolated @entity1707 heart. EqT II caused concentration-dependent contractions of rings of the isolated epicardial porcine coronary artery with an EC50 value of 89+/-5 nM (n=5-6) and maximal effect of about 140% of the contraction induced by 20 nM @entity4338 . On Langendorffs porcine heart preparation EqT II caused a dose-dependent decrease of coronary flow. At EqT II doses lower than 0.05 micromol/100 g of heart weight there were no measurable effects of the toxin. At dose 0.5 micromol/100 g the toxin decreased coronary flow to less than 9.8+/-2.5% of the control value. The constrictory effect of the toxin on isolated porcine coronary arteries was diminished by the L-type @entity460 channel antagonist @entity3360 (NC). NC in 1 microM concentration almost completely abolished the effect of EqT II on coronary flow. Our results confirmed involvement of L-type @entity460 channels in the vasoconstrictory effects of EqT II on epicardial coronary arteries.

title: XXXX dose-dependently reduces the effect of equinatoxin II on coronary flow in isolated porcine heart.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

answer: @entity3360 :: (MESH:D009529,Chemical) :: ['Nicardipine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the kinetics of the reactions between the gaseous free-radical pollutant, @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ), and the water-soluble antioxidants present in @entity11127 ( @entity11127 ). Samples of @entity11127 , recovered from 12 subjects (mean age 54.1+/-16.3 years; eight male, four female) as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were exposed ex vivo to @entity6836 [50-1000 parts per billion (ppb)] for 4 h. For comparison, similar exposures were carried out with single and composite solutions with relevant @entity11127 antioxidant concentrations. @entity620 (AA), @entity414 (UA), @entity2197 depletion, and @entity9492 and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) formation were determined with time. In the three models, UA and AA were consumed in a time- and @entity6836 -concentration-related fashion. In addition, their rate of depletion correlated positively with their initial concentration (UA, r=0.92, P<0.05; AA, r=0.94, P<0.05). Little difference was found between the rate of loss of AA (2.2+/-0. 2; 1.9+/-0.5; 1.4+/-0.3 nmol.l-1.h-1.ppb-1), and that of UA (2.4+/-0. 2; 2.1+/-0.6; 1.3+/-0.2 nmol.l-1.h-1.ppb-1) in the three @entity11127 models examined (single, composite, BAL fluid respectively). @entity2197 loss from BAL fluid (0.2+/-0.1) was significantly less than that seen in either single (1.4+/-0.3) or composite (1.2+/-0.5 nmol.l-1.h-1. ppb-1) antioxidant solutions. In all cases, @entity2197 consumption was significantly less than AA or UA. As model complexity increased, the rate of individual antioxidant loss decreased, such that in BAL fluid, AA, UA and @entity2197 consumption rates were significantly less (P<0. 05) than in the pure or composite antioxidant mixtures. In BAL fluid, little @entity9492 production was observed at any @entity6836 concentration. @entity1865 concentration, determined as a measure of lipid peroxidation, did not change following exposure to 50, 150 or 400 ppb @entity6836 , but increased @entity1865 was seen in BAL fluid from 8/12 subjects following exposure to 1000 ppb @entity6836 for 1 h or more. In conclusion, @entity6836 , at environmentally relevant concentrations, depletes BAL fluid of the antioxidant defences, UA and AA, but not @entity2197 .

title: @entity7459 depletes XXXX and @entity620 but not glutathione from lung lining fluid.

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['RTLF', 'respiratory tract lining fluid']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Color kinesis (CK) is a recently developed echocardiographic technique based on acoustic quantification that automatically tracks and displays endocardial motion in real time and has been used in initial studies to improve the evaluation of global and regional wall motion. HYPOTHESIS: For further validation of the use of CK for analysis of segmental @entity67 , we assessed its sensitivity and specificity for detection of regional systolic and diastolic wall motion abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: Two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography and CK were used to study 15 normal subjects and 63 @entity1 with technically good quality echocardiographic tracings, who underwent coronary arteriography within 1 month of echocardiography. Significant (> 70% luminal diameter stenosis) @entity453 was present in 50 @entity1 (79%). RESULTS: Color kinesis tracked endocardial motion accurately in 93% of left ventricular segments. Wall motion score, systolic @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), and the time of systolic @entity1347 (tSEM) and diastolic (tDEM) @entity1347 were calculated. Intra- and interobserver variability were within narrow limits. @entity1347 and tSEM were significantly lower and tDEM was significantly higher in the @entity1 population than in the control group (p < 0.001). Comparison between CK and 2-D echocardiography showed a correlation coefficient of 0.81 between the two techniques. The score was identically graded in 74% of segments, with concordance of 82% in diagnosing segments as abnormal. Interobserver concordance was 86% for CK (r = 0.85) and 81% for 2-D echocardiography (r = 0.80). The sensitivity and specificity of systolic and diastolic CK parameters for the detection of @entity453 were 88 and 92% and 77 and 85%, respectively. The positive predictive values were 93 and 96%, respectively, the negative predictive values were 63 and 73%, respectively, and the overall accuracy was 86 and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that CK is a feasible and sensitive technique for identifying regional systolic as well as diastolic wall motion abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Detection of left ventricular systolic and diastolic abnormalities in @entity1 with XXXX by color kinesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental endocardial motion', 'SEM']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Cyclic @entity377 can relax arterial smooth muscle without reductions in myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) phosphorylation, a process termed force suppression. Smooth muscle contractile force also depends on tissue length. It is not known how tissue length affects force suppression. @entity1707 carotid artery rings were equilibrated at various lengths (as a fraction of L(o), the optimal length for force development). They were then frozen during contractile activation with or without @entity1928 -induced relaxation. Frozen tissue homogenates were then analyzed for Ser(19)-MRLC phosphorylation and @entity37150 ( @entity37150 ) phosphorylation ( @entity37150 is the proposed mediator of force suppression). Higher values of MRLC phosphorylation were required to induce a @entity112 contraction at longer tissue lengths. At 1.4 L(o), the dependence of force on MRLC phosphorylation observed with @entity112 stimulation alone was shifted to the right, a response similar to that observed during force suppression at 1.0 L(o). The rightward shift in the dependence of force on MRLC phosphorylation seen with @entity112 stimulation alone at 1.4 L(o) was not associated with increased @entity37150 phosphorylation. Addition of @entity1928 to @entity112 -stimulated tissues at 1.4 L(o) induced a relaxation associated with increased @entity37150 phosphorylation and reduced MRLC phosphorylation, i.e., there was no additional force suppression. At shorter tissue lengths (0.6 L(o)), the dependence of force on MRLC phosphorylation with @entity112 stimulation alone was steep, a response similar to that observed during normal contractile activation at 1.0 L(o). Addition of @entity1928 induced force suppression at 0.6 L(o). The sensitivity of @entity1707 carotid to the concentration of @entity112 was greater at longer tissue lengths compared with shorter tissue lengths, suggesting a physiological mechanism to restore optimal tissue length. These data suggest that longer tissue lengths induced a force suppression-like state that was 1) not additive with @entity1928 and 2) not associated with @entity37150 phosphorylation. Further research is required to determine this length-dependent mechanism.

title: Longer muscle lengths recapitulate force suppression in XXXX carotid artery.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of @entity1 with @entity2 is increasing. This study was undertaken to realize the probability, fate and management of @entity260 . Since @entity401 was one of the most fatal @entity260 , to know its incidence and fate is very important. METHODS: A total of 2667 @entity1 who underwent thoracotomy caused by @entity5 during the past 17 years were reviewed and studied. We performed investigations on medical records, chest X-rays, whole-body CT films, operative records and pathological specimens for all inpatients. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 died in hospital 30 days after thoracotomy ( @entity204 ). Nine @entity1 died in hospital more than 31 days after thoracotomy ( @entity204 ). Eight cases out of 28 @entity1 (operative and hospital deaths) developed and finally died by @entity401 . Each case was treated with @entity230 , neutrophil-elastase inhibitor, and/or immunosuppressive agents. These @entity1 could not be selected by any preoperative laboratory examination, such as preoperative pulmonary function tests, serum biochemistry tests, and chest X-ray or CT films. @entity401 as a complication of postoperative stage, was fatal and once developed, it was very difficult to save their lives. CONCLUSIONS: Since we reported the cases who died from @entity260 , especially @entity401 , we could not present effective management. However, in this report, several therapeutic trials that may solve the problems of acute postoperative @entity401 were proposed.

title: Experience with fatal @entity401 after operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['acute postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications', 'acute fatal postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial pneumonia', 'interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death', 'operative death']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective population-based study with mortality follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To study mortality, causes and risk factors for @entity204 in Estonian @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SETTING: All Estonian hospitals. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 with @entity1566 from all regional, central, general, and rehabilitation hospitals in Estonia from 1997 to 2007, were retrospectively reviewed. Mortality status was ascertained as of 31 December 2011. Causes of @entity204 were collected from the Estonian Causes of Death Registry. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for the entire sample and for causes of @entity204 . A Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to identify the risk indicators for @entity204 . RESULTS: During the observation period (1997-2011) 162 @entity1 of 595 died. Nearly half of the @entity1 (n = 76) died during the first year after @entity1566 . The main causes of @entity204 were external causes (30%), @entity65 (29%). and suicide (8%). The overall @entity5047 was 2.81 (95% confidence interval 2.40-3.28) and @entity5047 was higher for @entity1 than for @entity1 (3.80 vs. 2.70). Cause-specific SMRs were markedly elevated for @entity295 and suicide. Mortality was significantly affected by the age at the time of injury, neurological level, and extent of the injury as well as the year of @entity1566 and complications. CONCLUSION: Life expectancy is significantly decreased in @entity1 with @entity1566 in Estonia compared with the general population. Deaths during the first year after the injury have an important impact on statistics. Treatment of @entity65 , @entity281 , and prevention of suicide are useful for reducing mortality in @entity1 with @entity1566 .

title: Mortality and causes of XXXX after @entity1566 in Estonia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['TSCI', 'traumatic spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: International guidelines for managing @entity170 in @entity82 or severe @entity1448 indicate a <-2.5 t-score as a cut-off for medical treatment, while no treatment is recommended in the case of @entity2331 (t-scores ranging from -1.0 to -2.5). AIM: We conducted a prospective study in @entity2835 with a view to optimizing the rationale for the medical treatment of @entity604 . METHODS: All na  ve post-menopausal @entity1 with @entity2835 were enrolled in the study. Bone metabolism was evaluated by measuring @entity14257 , @entity461 , osteocalcin. Bone mineral density was assessed at the lumbar spine by dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry at the baseline and every 2 years for up to 4 years. @entity1 with either @entity2331 or @entity170 received the following treatment: oral @entity4959 (1000 mg/day)+ @entity3875 (880 IU/day)+i.m. @entity19160 100mg every 10 days for 4 years. RESULTS: Ninety-six @entity1 completed the study: 30 had a normal bone mineral density (group 1), 37 had @entity2331 (group 2), 29 had @entity170 (group 3). No significant differences in biochemical parameters of bone metabolism were observed between the three groups. A total of 288 bone mineral density measurements were taken. Linear regression analysis failed to reveal significant changes in t-score over the follow-up in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: A 4-year treatment with @entity19160 + @entity460 / @entity3875 supplements does not significantly improve @entity170 or @entity2331 in @entity2835 @entity1 in menopause, but prevents the natural @entity604 in these @entity1 . Extensive international trials are warranted to optimize the prevention and treatment of @entity604 in @entity2835 .

title: A 4-year treatment with @entity19160 plus @entity460 and vitamin D supplements does not improve bone mass in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxy-vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate', 'disodium clodronate']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adipocyte-macrophage communication plays a critical role regulating @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) inflammatory gene expression. Because @entity32 contributes to the development of @entity209 , there is significant interest in understanding how exogenous compounds regulate the adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk. An aqueous (AQ) extract of North American (NA) @entity9052 ( @entity40829 ) was previously shown to have strong inflammo-regulatory properties in adipocytes. This study examined whether different @entity9052 extracts influence adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk, as well as @entity1386 inflammatory gene expression. METHODS: The effects of AQ and @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) @entity9052 extracts (5   g/mL) on adipocyte and macrophage inflammatory gene expression were studied in 3T3-L1 and RAW264.7 cells, respectively, using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Adipose tissue organ culture was also used to examine the effects of @entity9052 extracts on @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and inguinal @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) inflammatory gene expression. RESULTS: The AQ extract caused significant increases in the expression of common inflammatory genes (e.g., Mcp1, Ccl5, Tnf-a, Nos2) in both cell types. Culturing adipocytes in media from macrophages treated with the AQ extract, and vice versa, also induced inflammatory gene expression. Adipocyte Ppar-y expression was reduced with the AQ extract. The AQ extract strongly induced inflammatory gene expression in @entity1386 , but not in @entity1386 . The @entity167 extract had no effect on inflammatory gene expression in either both cell types or @entity1386 . CONCLUSION: These findings provide important new insights into the inflammo-regulatory role of NA @entity9052 in @entity1386 .

title: North American XXXX influences adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk regulation of inflammatory gene expression.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['WAT inflammation']

entities_list: @entity40829 :: ('44588', 'Species') :: ['Panax quinquefolius']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['SWAT', 'white adipose tissue', 'epididymal WAT', 'subcutaneous WAT', 'WAT', 'EWAT']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['ginseng']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if cellular and soluble HLA-DR molecules may be relevant in severely injured @entity1 for the development of gram-positive or gram-negative @entity295 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: HLA-DR molecules play a central role in the specific immune response to infection. The reduced HLA-DR expression on monocytes is considered to correlate with @entity166 complications and the development of @entity295 . Data on the role of HLA-DR expression on T cells and soluble HLA-DR molecules are rare. METHODS: HLA-DR expression on monocytes and T cells was measured by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of soluble HLA-DR were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: HLA-DR expression on circulating T cells, calculated as mean fluorescence intensity in channels, was reduced at day 1 after admission in 20 @entity1 with subsequent severe @entity295 compared with 46 @entity1 without @entity295 . The septic @entity1 immediately after @entity130 had significantly lower soluble HLA-DR plasma levels than the nonseptic @entity1 . At day 2 after admission, HLA-DR expression on monocytes was significantly lower in the severe @entity295 group than in the @entity1 without @entity295 , and lasted until day 14 after injury. CONCLUSIONS: In severely injured @entity1 , decreased levels of cellular and soluble HLA-DR appear as early indicators of an immune deviation associated with the development of severe @entity295 . Moreover, immune alterations of different cell types may promote distinct kinds of @entity295 .

title: HLA-DR expression and soluble HLA-DR levels in septic @entity1 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'septicemia']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The time courses of the contents of free, soluble and insoluble @entity4664 (PA) conjugates, PA biosynthetic and catabolic enzyme activities and mRNA levels of PA biosynthetic genes were monitored during the cell cycle of synchronized @entity286 BY-2 cell line ( @entity286 . cv. Bright Yellow 2). Progression through the cell cycle was characterized by specific biphasic changes of PA levels. The first, moderate peak in the amount of free @entity6559 coincided with the S-phase. After a transient decline in G2 phase the contents of free @entity6559 increased rapidly and peaked again during G2/M interface. Then sharply decreased with the minimum at the end of mitosis and during M/G1 transition and started to rise again with the next replication phase. Levels of PA soluble conjugates paralleled those of the free forms. Biosynthetic enzyme activities followed the biphasic manner analogous to the levels of free @entity6559 and seemed to be regulated on both transcriptional and (post)translational level. PA cellular levels were further controlled by both catabolic degradation and conjugation of @entity6559 . PA catabolism played an important role in the PA down-regulation during G2 phase and late mitosis, while the decline in free @entity6559 in G2/M interface and during the whole mitosis resulted mainly from PA conjugation. This study's results demonstrate that during the cell cycle of @entity286 BY-2 cells endogenous PA levels are intricately controlled, involving regulation of activities of biosynthetic, catabolic and conjugation enzymes.

title: XXXX metabolism during the cell cycle of synchronized @entity286 BY-2 cell line.

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum L', 'tobacco']

answer: @entity4664 :: (CHEBI:60143,Chemical) :: ['Polyamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is a growing need for noninvasive biomarkers to guide individualized spatiotemporal delivery of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) and antiangiogenic (AA) therapy for @entity1313 . This study explored early biomarkers of response to @entity1161 and the AA agent @entity2240 (SU), in a @entity19 @entity11 model, using serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity19 with MRI-visible @entity5 were stratified by @entity5 size into 4 therapy arms: control, @entity1161 , SU, and SU plus @entity1161 (SURT). Single-fraction conformal @entity1161 was delivered using MRI and on-line cone beam computed tomography (CT) guidance. Serial MR images (T2-weighted, diffusion, dynamic contrast-enhanced and @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted scans) were acquired biweekly to evaluate @entity5 volume, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and @entity5 perfusion and permeability responses (K(trans), K(ep)). RESULTS: @entity19 in all treatment arms survived longer than those in control, with a median survival of 35 days for SURT (P<.0001) and 30 days for @entity1161 (P=.009) and SU (P=.01) @entity19 vs 26 days for control @entity19 . At Day 3, ADC rise was greater with @entity1161 than without (P=.002). @entity2240 treatment reduced @entity5 perfusion/permeability values with mean K(trans) reduction of 27.6% for SU (P=.04) and 26.3% for SURT (P=.04) @entity19 and mean K(ep) reduction of 38.1% for SU (P=.01) and 27.3% for SURT (P=.02) @entity19 . The magnitude of individual @entity19 ADC responses at Days 3 and 7 correlated with subsequent @entity5 growth rate R values of -0.878 (P=.002) and -0.80 (P=.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Early quantitative changes in diffusion and perfusion MRI measures reflect treatment responses soon after starting therapy and thereby raise the potential for these imaging biomarkers to guide adaptive and potentially individualized therapy approaches in the future.

title: Imaging biomarker dynamics in an intracranial @entity19 XXXX study of radiation and antiangiogenic therapy.

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'Mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial glioma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: AIM: It is often difficult and challenging task to differentiate @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) from @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) among the @entity1 with @entity236 . This is possibly because of the considerable clinical, cytological and histological similarities between these two disorders. As prognostic and therapeutic approach to @entity2150 and @entity2590 are different, it is imperative to differentiate them at the time of initial diagnosis. Various attempts have been made in the past to differentiate @entity2150 from @entity2590 . In the present study, we explored the value of certain new parameters i.e. S-phase fraction ( @entity10359 ) and @entity2007 that could be used for this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 46 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2150 , 15 @entity1 with @entity2590 along with 32 age and sex-matched control subjects. S-phase fraction and @entity2007 analysis was carried out by flow cytometry using Mod Fit-LT V3.0 software. RESULTS: The mean @entity10359 value was significantly lower (p=0.02) in @entity1 with @entity2150 and higher (p=0.01) in @entity2590 as compared to that of the control. @entity2007 was present in 15.2% @entity1 with @entity2150 and in 33.3% @entity2590 cases. During follow-up, 4 @entity1 with @entity2150 developed @entity4289 , out of these, three @entity1 had @entity2007 as well as high @entity10359 value at the time of diagnosis. Two @entity1 with @entity2590 who had @entity2007 and high @entity10359 , converted into AML. Eleven @entity1 died during the study, in whom 8 had @entity2007 and high @entity10359 value. CONCLUSION: We conclude that high @entity10359 value and presence of @entity2007 favour the diagnosis of @entity2590 rather than @entity2150 . @entity10359 and @entity2007 may be important parameters in @entity1 with @entity2150 to predict their propensity to evolve into @entity2590 and @entity3052 . @entity10359 value may also be useful in the early diagnosis of @entity2590 before morphologically evidence of @entity1141 is apparent.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic values of S-phase fraction and @entity2007 in XXXX with @entity236 .

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy', 'Aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'HMDS', 'hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1118 and discomfort are common after @entity169 ( @entity169 ). In this study, results from a 3-year follow-up from a randomized controlled study comparing three different mesh repairs for @entity282 , discomfort, Quality of Life (QoL) and @entity1 satisfaction are reported. METHODS: Between November 1, 2006 and January 31, 2009, 309 @entity1 , who underwent day surgery for primary @entity169 under local anesthesia, were randomized to three different mesh repairs; UltraPro Hernia System (U), @entity7502 Hernia System (P) and Lichtenstein procedure (L). RESULTS: Preoperatively, there were no differences between groups regarding demographics, symptoms, @entity158 or QoL (SF-36 and a hernia-specific questionnaire). Operating time, @entity282 , complications and time to full recovery were similar. At 36  months, 21 @entity1 indicated @entity158 [L, n  =  6, P, n  =  6 and U, n  =  9; VAS (median (IQR)): L 0.4 (0.2-1.7), P 0.2 (0.1-2.3) and U 1.6 (0.7-4.6), p  =  ns]. Physical QoL was reduced in all groups before surgery and was similarly increased to normal levels after 3  months without further changes throughout the study. Although 92  % of @entity1 were satisfied, sixteen percent reported any discomfort from the groin (ns between groups). Five recurrences were reported (L, n  =  2, P, n  =  1 and U, n  =  2, p  =  ns). CONCLUSIONS: After 3  years of follow-up, all three procedures provided equally good results regarding, @entity158 , discomfort and QoL and could therefore be recommended for primary @entity169 in LA.

title: UltraPro Hernia System, @entity7502 Hernia System and Lichtenstein for primary XXXX : 3-year outcomes of a prospective randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'inguinal pain']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral inguinal hernia', 'IHR', 'inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: It can be assumed from previous data that the stress-induced polyphasic adrenocortical response involves two phenomenons. First, direct hypothalamic afferents stimulate the @entity17322 resulting in a rapid increase in plasma @entity2819 levels up to a maximum of about 40 ng . ml-1 at 15 min. Then, a thalamic-hypothalamic loop generates the late rebounding components. Intravenous injection of @entity6341 (0.5 ml . kg-1) produces only slight and short duration (45 min) disturbances (piloerection; panting; corticosteronemia). Stress application, 1 hr after @entity6341 administration, elicits only the first peak of @entity2819 with magnitude and delay similar to that in control. However, the late rebounding component is no more visible. Thus, @entity1246 -ergic stimulation leads to a situation similar to that seen after section of neural connections between thalamic nuclei and infundibular complex. The hypothalamic-adrenocorticotropic reactivity itself is not affected whereas the function of the regulating thalamo-hypothalamic loop is markedly impaired.

title: [Effect of @entity6341 ( XXXX -agonist) on thalamo-hypothalamic regulation by corticotropic efferents (thalamic model)].

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity17322 :: ('MESH:C535668', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocorticotropic axis']

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that analyzing the width and amplitude of the summating potential-action potential (SP-AP) waveforms can increase the sensitivity of electrocochleography. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ratio of SP to AP amplitude (SP/AP) and SP-AP waveform width, as well as the AP latency difference to condensation and rarefaction clicks, for the diagnosis of @entity195 . STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective, controlled study. METHODS: We used transtympanic electrocochleography to evaluate 21 @entity1 with definite @entity195 and 19 normal-hearing @entity1 with other @entity74 , comparing SP/AP, AP latency difference, and SP-AP waveform widths as well as calculating the diagnostic sensitivity of these parameters. RESULTS: Mean SP-AP waveform width was 1.89 ms in the study group and 1.58 ms in the control group. Mean SP/AP was 0.37 in the study group and 0.22 in the control group. The mean product of SP-AP waveform width and SP/AP was 75.26 ms% in the study group and 34.60 ms% in the control group. Mean AP latency difference was 0.13 ms in the study group and 0.07 ms in the control group. For the parameters evaluated, the differences between the groups were statistically significant. In the study group, the sensitivities for the width of the SP-AP waveform, the SP/AP, and the AP latency difference were 33.3%, 52.4%, and 23.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the parameters evaluated did not increase the sensitivity of the electrocochleography, whether used in isolation or in conjunction with the SP/AP. Determining SP/AP presented the greatest sensitivity.

title: Summating potential-action potential waveform amplitude and width in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cochleovestibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Meni  re's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Meni  re's disease']


abstract: Thermal stress is known to impair endurance capacity during moderate prolonged exercise. However, there is relatively little available information concerning the effects of thermal stress on the performance of high-intensity short-duration exercise. The present experiment examined @entity1 power output during repeated bouts of short-term maximal exercise. On two separate occasions, seven healthy males performed two 30-s bouts of sprint exercise (sprints I and II), with 4 min of passive recovery in between, on a cycle ergometer. The sprints were performed in both a normal environment [18.7 (1.5) degrees C, 40 (7)% relative humidity (RH; mean SD)] and a hot environment [30.1 (0.5) degrees C, 55 (9)% RH]. The order of exercise trials was randomised and separated by a minimum of 4 days. Mean power, peak power and decline in power output were calculated from the flywheel velocity after correction for flywheel acceleration. Peak power output was higher when exercise was performed in the heat compared to the normal environment in both sprint I [910 (172) W vs 656 (58) W; P < 0.01] and sprint II [907 (150) vs 646 (37) W; P < 0.05]. Mean power output was higher in the heat compared to the normal environment in both sprint I [634 (91) W vs 510 (59) W; P < 0.05] and sprint II [589 (70) W vs 482 (47) W; P < 0.05]. There was a faster rate of fatigue (P < 0.05) when exercise was performed in the heat compared to the normal environment. Arterialised-venous blood samples were taken for the determination of acid-base status and blood lactate and blood @entity413 before exercise, 2 min after sprint I, and at several time points after sprint II. Before exercise there was no difference in resting acid-base status or blood metabolites between environmental conditions. There was a decrease in blood pH, plasma @entity3157 and base excess after sprint I and after sprint II. The degree of post-exercise @entity520 was similar when exercise was performed in either of the environmental conditions. The metabolic response to exercise was similar between environmental conditions; the concentration of blood @entity880 increased (P < 0.01) after sprint I and sprint II but there were no differences in lactate concentration when comparing the exercise bouts performed in a normal and a hot environment. These data demonstrate that when brief intense exercise is performed in the heat, peak power output increases by about 25% and mean power output increases by 15%; this was due to achieving a higher pedal cadence in the heat.

title: XXXX power output during repeated sprint cycle exercise: the influence of thermal stress.

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of @entity29774 and @entity4783 alone or in combination, in @entity468 after ovariohysterectomy. Thirty healthy @entity468 were randomly assigned to receive @entity4783 (0.02 mg/kg, n=10; GB), @entity29774 (2mg/kg, n=10; GR) or their combination at the same dosages (n=10; GBR) SC. After 30 min @entity468 were sedated with an IM administration of @entity8998 (0.02 mg/kg) and @entity3652 (5mg/kg). General anaesthesia was induced with @entity1875 and after intubation was maintained with @entity5161 . Before premedication and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24h after extubation, @entity158 and sedation were assessed using a simple descriptive @entity158 scale, ranging from 0 (no @entity158 /no sedation) to 4 (intense @entity158 / deep sedation). If the @entity158 score was >=  3, rescue analgesia was provided using @entity4783 (0.02 mg/kg) administered IM. @entity158 score was higher in GB at 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8h compared to baseline and compared to GBR at the same study times. Moreover, the @entity158 score was also higher in GB compared to GR at 2, 3, 4 and 6h. @entity158 score was similar at all study times between GR and GBR. Sedation at 1 and 2h was higher than baseline values in all groups. @entity468 in GB received rescue analgesia more often than @entity468 assigned to GR or GBR. @entity29774 was an effective analgesic drug in @entity468 up to 24h after ovariohysterectomy. The addition of @entity4783 did not provide any additional analgesic effects compared to @entity29774 alone.

title: Comparison of the analgesic effects of @entity29774 , XXXX and their combination in @entity468 after ovariohysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity29774 :: ('MESH:C551524', 'Chemical') :: ['Robenacoxib', 'robenacoxib']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity8998 :: ('MESH:D020926', 'Chemical') :: ['medetomidine']

answer: @entity4783 :: (MESH:D002047,Chemical) :: ['buprenorphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum @entity2865 level is routinely assayed in clinical laboratories in the management of @entity1 with @entity8 and with @entity209 . It is a biological parameter that is easily, precisely and relatively cheaply measured. The epidemiological features of serum @entity2865 levels have not been studied before. METHODS: For the random sample of @entity1 and @entity1 from the Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health aged 25-74 years, free of symptomatic @entity301 at baseline, serum @entity2865 concentrations were measured, among those of other electrolytes. The cohort was followed up for 10 years with respect to subsequent cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: The results are based on observations of 4793 @entity1 and 4313 @entity1 . According to Cox regression analysis serum @entity2865 level was one of the strongest predictors of total, @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and non- @entity65 mortalities independently of age, body mass index, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, levels of total and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity414 , serum @entity1011 and serum total proteins and intake of diuretics. This relation was proved to be independent of levels of other serum electrolytes and similar for @entity1 and @entity1 . The estimated adjusted risk ratio for @entity65 death for subjects with a serum @entity2865 level < or =100 mmol/l compared with those with levels above that limit was 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.06-2.57) for @entity1 and 2.16 (95% confidence interval 1.11-4.22) for @entity1 . The study of adjusted risk ratios for four groups of subjects defined on the basis of their baseline serum @entity2865 levels revealed a decreasing log-linear 'dose-response' relation to total and cardiovascular mortalities. CONCLUSION: This s the first report from a population-based study to indicate that there is an association between serum @entity2865 level and the incidence of total, @entity65 and non- @entity65 mortalities. The risk ratio for @entity65 mortality associated with a low serum @entity2865 level was comparable to or higher than those observed for well-established @entity65 risk factors.

title: Is low serum XXXX level a risk factor for @entity65 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disorders']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity2865 :: (CHEBI:17996,Chemical) :: ['chloride']


abstract: AIM: Primary resistant @entity3052 has a very poor prognosis. We assessed pretreatment parameters for their significance as prognostic factors in the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of 53 @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 who had failed to achieve complete remission (CR) after first-line standard-dose remission-induction therapy. RESULTS: During the period January 2005-December 2009, 53 with @entity3052 received two cycles of the 3+7 protocol as a first-line standard-dose remission-induction therapy (ARA-C, days 1-7 and daunorubicin, days 1-3). The HiDAC (5 @entity1 ), MiDAC (7 @entity1 ), and FLAG-IDA protocols (3 @entity1 ) were given as salvage therapy. None of these @entity1 achieved CR. There were 27 (51%) males and 26 (49%) females (median age, 55 years, range 28-76). The median white blood cell count was 53 (range 0.9 -350) 10(9)/L, platelets 44 (range 3-856 10(9)/l) and bone marrow blasts 67%. HCT-IC comorbidity scores were 3 in two (3.8%) @entity1 , 2 in 11 (20.8%), 1 in 12 (22.6%) and 0 in 16 (30.2%) @entity1 . Median @entity1349 was 3.9 months (range 1 -20 months). The @entity382 , white blood cell count, ECOG PS, serum level of @entity880 dehydrogenase, dysplastic changes, coexpression of @entity10685 , @entity5824 , @entity9536 , comorbidities and disease cytogenetics influenced survival. CONCLUSION: This single-center study evaluated the significance of pretreatment factors, and found that @entity1 age, comorbidities, ECOG performance status, @entity491 , @entity382 , LDH, and the disease cytogenetics were factors which influenced the outcomes of primary resistant @entity1 with @entity3052 . An understanding of these factors may help to predict @entity1349 in cases where CR has not been achieved and may help when making further treatment decisions.

title: Pretreatment prognostic factors for @entity1349 in primary resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: A pilot study of the prevalence of @entity734 was completed on the only open unit of the only state psychiatric hospital in Hawaii to address the following questions: 1) What were the substances of abuse and @entity734 in this population? 2) What was the pattern of abuse and/or @entity734 in this sample? 3) How did these patterns compare to the patterns observed in the published literature? 4) What was the predominant Stage of Change of these @entity1 ? 5) Was the staff perception that these @entity1 were in denial an accurate perception? METHODOLOGY: All @entity1 admitted to the unit between 1st June and 31st August 1999 comprised the sample, N = 35. Each @entity1 was assigned diagnoses based upon the DSM-IV criteria and level of change was assessed. RESULTS: The demographic characteristics of the sample follow: 60% were ages 20-39, 89% were male; 92% were currently single, 71% had an education of high school or college, and 66% had a diagnosis of @entity161 or @entity914 . The racial composition reflected the diversity of Hawaii. Although 20% of the sample had no substance abuse problem, 66% of the remaining @entity1 were multiply dependent upon @entity167 , @entity835 , crystal @entity888 , or @entity2072 with 48% of these @entity1 in the Precontemplative Stage of Change (denial). The patterns of multiple substances of abuse and @entity734 were higher than in the reported literature. Further studies are needed.

title: @entity734 and XXXX in a public hospital: Hawaii.

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'substance abuse disorders']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: @entity3788 is a pesticide that inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity, thus creating an environment of oxidative stress in the cell. Many studies have employed @entity3788 to generate an experimental animal model of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) that mimics and elicits @entity191 -like symptoms, such as motor and @entity73 . Cytoprotective proteins including parkin and @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) play major roles in slowing @entity191 progression. Moreover, evidence suggests that @entity2383 and oxidative stress-dependent apoptotic pathways contribute to dopaminergic @entity528 in @entity191 . Here, @entity35 were chronically exposed to @entity3788 to confirm that it causes a debilitating phenotype and various behavioral defects. We also performed histopathological examinations of nigrostriatal, cortical and cerebellar regions of @entity3788 -treated brain to elucidate a plausible neurodegenerative mechanism. The results of @entity575 , @entity669 hydroxylase (TH), parkin, ubiquitin and caspase staining of brain tissue sections further validated our findings. The stress response is known to trigger HSP in response to pharmacological insult. These protective proteins help maintain cellular homeostasis and may be capable of rescuing cells from death. Therefore, we assessed the levels of different HSPs in the @entity3788 -treated animals. Collectively, our studies indicated the following findings in the striatum and substantia nigra following chronic @entity3788 exposure in an experimental @entity191 model: (i) behavioral deficit that correlated with histopathological changes and down regulation of TH signaling, (ii) decreased levels of the cytoprotective proteins parkin, @entity37128 and @entity18273 and robust expression of mitochondrial chaperone @entity28379 according to Western blot, (iii) increased immunoreactivity for @entity2311 , @entity4124 and ubiquitin and decreased parkin immunoreactivity.

title: @entity3788 -induced parkinsonism elicits behavioral impairments and differential expression of parkin, XXXX proteins and caspases in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone', 'Rotenone']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: Idiopathic @entity24887 has been described as spontaneous bowel perforation; only a few cases of the condition have been reported in adults. We conducted a histologic analysis of 7 adult cases of spontaneous @entity24887 (mean @entity1 age, 63.3 [range, 44-89] years; male-to-female ratio, 1:1.3), which revealed some previously unreported findings. None of the @entity1 had @entity66 . All @entity1 presented with acute abdomen, and intestinal perforations were detected during laparotomy. Perforations, ranging in diameter from a pinpoint size to 3 cm, developed in the colon and small bowel in 4 and 3 cases, respectively. One @entity1 had 2 perforations. Histologic examinations revealed @entity1347 around the perforation sites. The extent and degree of the @entity121 varied from case to case; however, all lesions included full-thickness @entity121 . No significant infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed associated with the defects. The mucosa and muscularis mucosa were maintained normally, except in 1 hemorrhagic case. Reparative changes such as granulation were not found; however, short spindle cells or fibroblasts occasionally proliferated around the edges of the @entity952 . In 1 case, a @entity121 was also observed in an area far from the perforation site. These findings closely resemble those of neonatal intestine with spontaneous perforation. Etiology of @entity1347 in adults is unclear. It may be focal @entity154 . In any case, the @entity1347 can explain bowel wall weakening, and it can be a major cause of spontaneous perforation of the adult bowel.

title: XXXX of the intestine: a possible cause of spontaneous perforation of the bowel in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity24887 :: ('MESH:D007416', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disease']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental muscular defects', 'segmental muscularis propria defects']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['disrupted muscularis propria']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscular defect', 'muscular defects']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['Segmental muscular defects']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite various guidelines for @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) prevention, malpractice in prescribing thromboprophylaxis is common. In this study, factors associated with prescribing or not prescribing appropriate chemical thromboprophylaxis were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled high-risk @entity1 for @entity1211 (based on Caprini score) in the general surgery ward. They were divided into 2 groups based on receiving appropriate prophylaxis or not. Factors associated with prescribing thromboprophylaxis were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 613 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Head and neck operations (P < .0001), minor surgeries (P = .001), mastectomy (P = .012), and medical treatment (P = 0.034) were the factors associated with not prescribing thromboprophylaxis. In contrast, age (P < .0001), laparoscopic surgeries (P = .011), surgery duration (< .0001), oral contraceptive pill consumption (P = .005), and complete bed rest (P = .002) were protective factors. CONCLUSION: Minor surgeries, head and neck operations, mastectomy, and medical treatment are associated with overlooking anticoagulant administration. It is recommended to consider aforementioned pitfalls in routine practice and education.

title: Factors Associated With Inappropriate Chemical Prophylaxis of Thromboembolism in Surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The timing of treatment for stage I-B cervical @entity189 diagnosed during pregnancy is complicated by conflicting concerns for fetal survival and control of @entity5 . There were 11 pregnant @entity1 with stage I-B cervical @entity189 diagnosed prior to fetal viability since 1969. Six @entity1 were managed with termination of pregnancy and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. In 5 @entity1 , treatment was delayed for 6 to 17 weeks and then delivery was accomplished by cesarean section followed directly by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Two of the @entity1 experienced complicated neonatal courses and would have benefited from additional delay. Benefits that could be achieved by delaying delivery for the fetus were calculated from a review of 600 inborn @entity1 without @entity154 admitted to the neonatal intensive care (NICU) during 1984 and 1985. Neonatal mortality decreased from 32.8% at 26-27 weeks to 2.7% at 34-35 weeks gestation. Similar improvements in neonatal morbidity were demonstrated. Although adverse maternal outcomes were not associated with delay, an evaluation of risk cannot be derived from this series. Significant fetal benefit can accrue from relatively short delays in planned delivery dates. When stage I-B cervical @entity189 is diagnosed during pregnancy and when fetal survival is desired, delivery should be delayed to achieve fetal maturity, rather than only potential viability.

title: Fetal and maternal considerations in the management of stage I-B cervical XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The immune response present in untreated @entity1665 areata (AA) is characterized by overexpression of @entity2071 and @entity3998 molecules on dermal papilla cells of affected hair follicles and by a distinct cytokine pattern. After successful treatment with the potent contact allergen @entity9973 ( @entity1298 ), adhesion molecules are downregulated and a reversed pattern of cytokines is expressed. To determine which cytokines may be involved in this process we studied the expression and modulation of @entity2071 and @entity3998 class I and II molecules on cultured dermal papilla cells. Scalp biopsies were obtained from healthy donors and dermal papillae were isolated. The cells were treated with various cytokines and @entity2918 . The surface molecules were labeled with @entity2823 -conjugated antibodies, and the expression levels were quantified by FACScan analysis. Incubation with @entity379 led to a time-dependent upregulation of the surface molecules studied. @entity1356 and @entity310 synergistically increased the expression of @entity2071 , but they failed to induce @entity3998 molecules. However, both cytokines significantly reduced the @entity379 -induced HLA-DR expression. Pretreatment of cells with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity3522 , prostanoids, @entity688 or @entity2533 did not alter the constitutive or @entity379 -elicited expression of surface molecules. A neutralizing anti- @entity1356 -antibody did not affect any cytokine-induced changes. We conclude that with regard to surface molecules we can partly initiate in vitro the situation of AA in vivo. Moreover, our results suggest that @entity310 , which is markedly increased under @entity1298 treatment, might be an effector of the therapeutic response in AA.

title: @entity379 -induced HLA-DR but not @entity2071 expression on cultured dermal papilla cells is downregulated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity9973 :: ('MESH:C029402', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenylcyclopropenone']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: 1. The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is a key nucleus in the homeostatic regulation of neuroendocrine and behavioural functions. In mechanically dissociated @entity35 VMH neurones with attached native presynaptic nerve endings, GABAergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) were recorded using the @entity8701 perforated patch recording mode under voltage-clamp conditions. 2. @entity112 reversibly inhibited the sIPSC frequency in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting the mean current amplitude. The selective @entity112 receptor type 3 (H(3)) agonist imetit (100 nM) mimicked this effect and it was completely abolished by the selective H(3) receptor antagonists clobenpropit (3 microM) and @entity13686 (10 microM). 3. The @entity3007 -binding protein inhibitor @entity8816 (10 microM) removed the histaminergic inhibition of GABAergic sIPSCs. 4. Elimination of external @entity141 reduced the GABAergic sIPSC frequency without affecting the distribution of current amplitudes. In this condition, the inhibitory effect of imetit on the sIPSC frequency completely disappeared, suggesting that the histaminergic inhibition requires extracellular @entity141 . 5. The P/Q-type @entity141 channel blocker omega-agatoxin @entity3480 (300 nM) attenuated the histaminergic inhibition of the GABAergic sIPSC frequency, but neither the N-type @entity141 channel blocker omega-conotoxin GVIA (3 microM) nor the L-type @entity141 channel blocker @entity3360 (3 microM) was effective. 6. Activation of adenylyl cyclase with @entity1928 (10 microM) had no effect on histaminergic inhibition of the sIPSCs. 7. In conclusion, @entity112 inhibits spontaneous @entity1246 release from presynaptic nerve terminals projecting to VMH neurones by inhibiting presynaptic P/Q-type @entity141 channels via a G-protein coupled to H(3) receptors and this may modulate the excitability of VMH neurones.

title: Histaminergic modulation of GABAergic transmission in XXXX ventromedial hypothalamic neurones.

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity13686 :: ('MESH:C052075', 'Chemical') :: ['thioperamide']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) is cleaved at the tetrabasic residue site, in pituitary intermediate lobe secretory vesicles, to yield ACTH1-17 and @entity75 ( @entity75 ). ACTH1-17 is then converted to @entity33571 (N-AcACTH1-13NH2) by first removing the Lys15-Lys16- @entity534 17 residues, followed by amidation of the @entity1473 terminus and acetylation of the @entity2733 terminus. @entity291 intermediate lobe secretory vesicle membranes were screened for proteolytic enzyme activity that will cleave the tetrabasic residues of ACTH. Two activities with pH optima of 5.0-6.0 and 7.5-8.0 were detected. The acidic, ACTH-converting enzyme cleaved ACTH1-39 at the tetrabasic residues between the @entity534 17- @entity534 18 bond to yield ACTH1-17 and @entity75 , but did not cleave paired basic residues of @entity33571 . This enzyme activity was characterized as a @entity141 -activated @entity563 protease with unique specificity for the tetrabasic residues of ACTH1-39. The neutral activity preferentially generated ACTH1-17 and to a small extent ACTH1-16 from ACTH1-39 and ACTH1-24. This enzyme activity was @entity141 -dependent but was not inhibited by @entity563 or aspartic protease inhibitors. The neutral activity was significantly immunodepleted by antiserum raised against @entity291 @entity21604 / @entity21603 , and together with specificity studies, suggests that the enzyme is a @entity21604 -like @entity563 protease. The pH optimum, distinct specificity for tetrabasic residues, and subcellular localization of the acidic ACTH-converting enzyme indicate a function of this enzyme in the in vivo conversion of ACTH1-39 to @entity33571 in intermediate lobe secretory vesicles which have an acidic internal pH.

title: Processing of adrenocorticotropin by two proteases in @entity291 intermediate lobe secretory vesicle membranes. A distinct acidic, tetrabasic residue-specific calcium-activated XXXX protease and a @entity21604 -like enzyme.

entities_list: @entity33571 :: ('281416(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone', 'pro-opiomelanocortin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CLIP', 'corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracerebral microbleeds (MBs) are frequently observed in @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) @entity1 . Although MBs have been shown to be pathogenetically related with @entity1779 , it is not known whether MBs are predictors of recurrent ICHs. METHODS: Among 220 acute symptomatic primary @entity1779 @entity1 , 112 @entity1 who underwent gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR imaging (GRE) within 10 days after symptom onset were considered for this study. Among them, the final 63 @entity1 who consented to follow-up clinical, laboratory and GRE studies were included. The presence and number of ICHs (mean diameter >5 mm) and MBs on baseline and follow-up GRE were evaluated. The relationship of recurrent ICHs with initial and follow-up clinical and laboratory data as well as the MBs was assessed. RESULTS: Among 63 @entity1 , 43 (68.3%) had MBs (median, 2; range, 1 to 17) on baseline GRE. Seven (11.1%) @entity1 (6 with initial MBs; 1 without initial MBs) developed recurrent ICHs, and 19 (30.2%) had new MBs during a median 23.3 months (range, 8.3 to 33.0) of follow-up. The number of initial MBs on baseline GRE was significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with development of recurrent ICHs whereas other clinical and laboratory data were not. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent ICHs and MBs are common after long-term follow-up of primary @entity1779 . The number of MBs on baseline GRE may predict the recurrence of the @entity1779 .

title: Initial microbleeds at MR imaging can predict recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity282 leads to @entity1 discomfort, decreased level of satisfaction, prolonged recovery, and higher health costs. Acute @entity158 control therefore improves the overall quality of life in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section. @entity158 relief is a fundamental @entity1 right, but there is no gold standard for post-cesarean section @entity158 management. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of @entity12586 and @entity1340 used in unimodal and multimodal (in combination with @entity5230 ) approach, in the management of post-cesarean section @entity158 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study employed a random allocation design to compare the effectiveness of intramuscular @entity12586 (60 mg) or @entity1340 (100 mg) as single analgesic agent and in combination with daily intramuscular @entity5230 20 mg, for the management of post-cesarean section @entity158 during the immediate 12 hours after surgery. The primary outcome measure was control of @entity282 , while the secondary outcome measures were the analgesic agent onset of action, duration of action, @entity1 satisfaction, and maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. Data obtained were entered into a predesigned sheet and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17. Means    standard deviation (SD) were calculated for the quantitative variables, and the difference between two independent groups was compared using unpaired Student's t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 120 @entity1 were equally and randomly allocated to four study groups - two that received unimodal analgesia (the @entity12586 group and the @entity1340 group) and two that received multimodal analgesia (the @entity12586 - @entity5230 group and the @entity1340 - @entity5230 group). Among the unimodal groups, @entity1340 had a faster onset of action, but @entity12586 had a longer duration of action and provided better control of @entity158 . Among the multimodal groups, the combination of @entity12586 with @entity5230 was superior to the @entity1340 with @entity5230 combination, and it was also more effective than @entity12586 alone. CONCLUSION: The multimodal approach of combining @entity12586 with @entity5230 is a safe, effective, and an acceptable mode of analgesia for post-cesarean section @entity158 management, especially in a resource-constrained setting.

title: Randomized comparison of effectiveness of unimodal opioid analgesia with multimodal analgesia in post-cesarean section XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12586 :: ('MESH:D010423', 'Chemical') :: ['pentazocine']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain', 'postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: We have developed an approach to @entity5 gene therapy in which the oncolytic effects of an adenoviral vector have been combined with selective expression of a soluble form of @entity2534 fused with Fc (sTGFbetaRIIFc). We chose to use adenoviral dl01/07 mutant because it can replicate in all @entity5 cells regardless of their genetic defects. An oncolytic adenovirus expressing sTGFbetaRIIFc (Ad.sT- betaRFc) was constructed by homologous recombination. Infection of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells with Ad.sTbetaRFc produced sTGFbetaRIIFc, which was released into the media. The conditioned media containing sTGFbetaRIIFc could bind with @entity2533 and inhibited @entity2533 -dependent transcription in target cells. Infection of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and 76NE @entity1 @entity0 cells with Ad.sTbetaRFc resulted in high levels of viral replication, comparable to that of a wild-type dl309 virus. Although some viral replication was observed in actively dividing normal @entity1 lung fibroblasts, there was no replication in nonproliferating normal cells. Direct injection of Ad.sTbetaRFc into MDA-MB-231 @entity1 @entity0 grown in @entity19 resulted in a significant inhibition of @entity5 growth, causing @entity5 regression in more than 85% of the animals. These results indicate that it is possible to construct an oncolytic virus expressing sTGFbetaRIIFc in which both viral replication and transgene expression remain intact, and the recombinant adenovirus is oncolytic in a @entity1 @entity5 xenograft model. On the basis of these results we believe that it may be feasible to develop a @entity5 gene therapy approach using Ad.sTbetaRFc as an antitumor agent.

title: Development of oncolytic adenovirus armed with a fusion of soluble XXXX and @entity1 immunoglobulin Fc for @entity0 therapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast xenograft tumors']

entities_list: @entity2534 :: ('7048', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor II']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity2534 :: (7048,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta receptor II']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our 12-year experience with radiological treatment (ureteric embolization) for @entity9132 , as @entity5 , radiation therapy, and/or chronic inflammation increase the risk of lower @entity9132 after surgical urinary diversion, which can lead to significant morbidity, and for @entity1 who are not surgical candidates permanent @entity5173 and ureteric embolization offer an alternative form of urinary diversion. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 who had ureteric occlusion for @entity9132 at our institution between 1993 and 2005. @entity7463 , with or without gelatine sponge, were placed antegradely through a percutaneous nephrostomy tract. @entity1 were then managed by long-term @entity5173 until @entity204 or definitive reconstructive surgery. RESULTS: In all, 29 @entity1 (23 @entity1 and six @entity1 ; mean age 59 years, sd 16) were identified who had urinary fistulae that were refractory to @entity5173 alone. One @entity1 had a history of severe perineal @entity130 and the remaining 28 had a history of @entity5 . Seventeen fistulae occurred in the setting of previous surgery, 20 @entity1 had received adjunctive pelvic irradiation and 11 had had chemotherapy. In all, 52 ureters were embolized; occlusion was successful in all cases, with complete or near-complete (<1 pad/day) dryness within 3 days. No repeat embolization was required and there were no significant complications. Two @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Three @entity1 had definitive urinary diversion surgery and currently are well. One @entity1 is alive and living with nephrostomy tubes; 23 @entity1 have died. CONCLUSION: Ureteric embolization is a viable option for managing complex lower urinary tract fistulae in @entity1 with a poor performance status. It can be used as definitive management in @entity1 with a limited life-expectancy or as a temporary measure in those for whom another management plan is anticipated.

title: Ureteric embolization with stainless-steel coils for managing refractory lower XXXX : a 12-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['nephrostomy drainage']

entities_list: @entity9132 :: ('MESH:D014548', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract fistula', 'refractory urinary fistula']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['Stainless-steel coils']

answer: @entity9132 :: (MESH:D014548,Disease) :: ['urinary tract fistula']


abstract: A total of 480 lungs operated for @entity2 were reviewed in an attempt to clarify the characteristics of idiopathic @entity401 ( @entity2416 ), seen in the @entity5 bearing lungs. @entity2416 was identified in 30 cases (6.3%). The mean @entity1 age was 68 years, and 26 cases were male. @entity957 was the dominant @entity5 type (17 cases) and the lower lobe was the dominant location (18 cases). All @entity5 were situated in the periphery of lungs which had @entity2416 , but not necessarily in the center of the @entity82 . According to extent, @entity2416 is divided into two categories, localized and diffuse types. Twenty-seven cases had localized type @entity2416 . @entity2416 can be divided into another three categories, according to its microscopic findings; Intramural (IM), emphysematous (E), and intraluminal (IL) types. Eight cases had IM-type and 22 cases had E-type @entity2416 . Some IM-type @entity2416 cases showed only increased density of the subpleural space on CT, without visible cysts. E-type @entity2416 cases had no decrease of lung capacity, and showed various sized cysts on CT. Some cases showed postoperative worsening of @entity2416 and acute exacerbation. We feel that the existence of localized @entity2416 (especially emphysematous type) is important in the early detection of @entity5 , and as a cue for careful post-operative management to prevent serious complications.

title: [Characteristics of @entity401 seen in the lung operated for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['chronic interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Cells were dissociated from the CNS of the embryonic @entity19 and @entity35 to produce cell suspensions suitable for analysis and separation on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Cells from the spinal cord of the embryonic @entity19 were analyzed in the most detail. Cell suspensions generated three major peaks in histograms of forward-angle light scatter. Examination of material isolated from each peak and labeling of cell suspensions with the nonvital and supravital fluorescent dyes @entity2667 , @entity5611 , and @entity9186 demonstrated that the three peaks represented live cells, dead cells, and subcellular fragments. Passage through the cell sorter did not detectably damage live cells, as shown by light microscopy, FACS analysis, and in vitro culture of sorted cells. Neurons and glial cells collected by sorting survived at least 4 weeks in culture. Cell suspensions dissociated from the dorsal root ganglia, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex of the embryonic @entity19 and from the spinal cord of the embryonic @entity35 produced similar results. Analysis of samples prepared at different developmental stages showed that viable cells could be recovered from each of these regions throughout the important stages of neurogenesis and early cellular differentiation, but that few viable cells could be recovered from animals beyond late embryonic or early postnatal ages. Quantitative FACS analysis of monoclonal antibody A2B5, @entity116 toxin and cholera toxin, and lectins binding to live dissociated cells from the embryonic spinal cord demonstrated that these cells had already developed binding sites for these cell-surface ligands by embryonic day 13. These results demonstrate that a fluorescence-activated cell sorter can be used for quantitative analysis of specific cellular properties, that FACS analysis and sorting can be used to identify and isolate live cells from many regions of the embryonic @entity1 CNS during important developmental periods, and that sorted neurons and glial cells can be maintained for weeks in culture.

title: Analysis and isolation of embryonic XXXX neurons by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine gender based differences in presenting symptoms in @entity1 with @entity1187 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: National institute of @entity65 (NICVD), Karachi, from January to June 2010. METHODOLOGY: Information was obtained by questionnaire from the @entity1 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Fisher's exact test and Chi-square analysis were used for data testing. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-seven @entity1 included 230 males and 207 females. Among them unstable @entity951 was diagnosed in 112 males and 142 females, Non @entity583 (NSTEMI) was diagnosed in 37 males and 26 females. @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was diagnosed in 81 males and 39 females. @entity158 was the presenting feature in 95 males and 100 females, left sided @entity662 was noted in 155 males and 127 females, @entity158 was noted in 61 males and 59 females, right @entity662 was noted in 74 males and 41 females, lower @entity158 was noted in 11 males and 16 females, @entity490 was noted in 9 males and 17 females, 76 males and 88 females had @entity1353 , 26 males and 38 females had @entity391 , 24 males and 26 females had vertigo, 39 males and 28 females complained of sweating, 3 males and 6 females complained of palpitation, 2 males and 1 female complained of @entity909 . CONCLUSION: There are gender differences in the symptoms of ACS. These differences may have a bearing on clinical practice, interpretation of available clinical studies and the design of future investigations.

title: Gender based differences in symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['left arm pain', 'jaw pain', 'Retrosternal pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Diseases']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: We conducted a feasibility study of continuous @entity2879 infusion, which was expected to suppress DNA repair after radiation, combined with radiation in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Between July 1995 and January 1997, 10 @entity1 with @entity1149 were registered. Thirty-six mg/m2/day @entity2879 was infused continuously for a mean of 19 days (range 14-26). @entity1 tolerated a mean total dose of accelerated hyperfractionated @entity1514 radiotherapy (1.5 Gy twice per day) of 52.6 Gy (range 33-60). The @entity5 of 7 @entity1 showed partial responses and distant metastasis progression occurred before @entity5 progression in all 7 responders. The hematological adverse effects of chemoradiotherapy were grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 in all 10 @entity1 , grade 3 @entity417 developed in 3, and 2 had grade 3 @entity882 . Six @entity1 contracted @entity281 and one of them died of @entity55 . The major non-hematological adverse effect was @entity2910 , which was grade 3 in 3 @entity1 , one of whom died of @entity8 . The serum @entity2879 concentrations were 1.6-2.0 microgram/ml, except in one @entity1 , who had @entity409 due to @entity1956 . DNA repair gene @entity20319 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed, using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in 8 @entity1 and was suppressed during @entity2879 infusion in 2. No relationship was observed between serum @entity2879 concentration and @entity20319 expression and clinical outcome. In conclusion, continuous @entity2879 infusion combined with @entity1514 radiation induces severe @entity137 and should be given only after careful consideration.

title: A feasibility study of continuous XXXX infusion combined with @entity1514 radiation for @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['B-type hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']