abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term prognostic role of asymptomatic @entity943 in original Framingham Heart Study subjects and Framing-ham Offspring Study subjects who had echocardiographic evidence of @entity4346 . BACKGROUND: Echocardiographically determined @entity4346 is associated with increased risk for @entity943 . There are no population-based data available with regard to the long-term prognostic implications of asymptomatic @entity943 in subjects with @entity4346 . METHODS: In a population-based cohort study, we studied 224 @entity1 and 393 @entity1 with echocardiographically determined @entity4346 who were free of @entity301 and had 1-h ambulatory electrocardiograms at the baseline examination. The age-adjusted prevalence of complex or frequent @entity943 (> 30 ventricular premature beats/h, multiform premature complexes, couplets, @entity1165 or R on T ventricular premature complexes) was 28% (51 of 224) in @entity1 and 17% (71 of 393) in @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 5.7 years for cohort and 4.5 years for offspring subjects. RESULTS: In @entity1 with complex or frequent @entity943 , the 6-year cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality was 38%, whereas in those free of @entity943 it was 12%; corresponding values in @entity1 were 22% and 11%. The cumulative incidence of @entity583 or @entity204 due to @entity301 was 20% for @entity1 with and 10% for @entity1 without @entity943 , but in @entity1 little difference was noted (5% vs. 4%). After adjustment for age and gender in a Cox proportional hazards model, subjects with complex or frequent @entity943 were at increased risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13 to 2.87, p = 0.013). After adjusting for eight clinical covariates, the increased risk for all-cause mortality remained marginally significant (hazard ratio 1.62, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.68, p = 0.058). No significant increased risk was noted for @entity583 or @entity204 due to @entity301 . CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with @entity4346 , the presence of asymptomatic @entity943 was associated with higher mortality, which was statistically significant after adjusting for age and gender and marginally significant after taking into account other covariates.

title: Asymptomatic @entity943 and mortality risk in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity600 ( @entity600 ) have an important role in @entity1 mortality. @entity601 ( @entity601 ) have great relevance from both social and public health points of view. The ECLAMC (Collaborative Latin American Study of @entity600 ) maintains in Chile an epidemiological surveillance of @entity600 prevalence rate at birth since 1969. AIM: To assess the effect of @entity3505 flour @entity1501 fortification on the prevalence of @entity601 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Only @entity10413 , Spina bifida and Cephalocele were considered as @entity601 . All @entity1 born in the maternities incorporated to ECLAMC between 1969 and 1999 were considered as belonging to the pre @entity1501 fortification period and those who were born from 2001 to 2010 were considered as belonging to the post fortification period. RESULTS: The @entity601 prevalence rate at birth in the pre fortification period was 17.03/10,000. In the second period, there were 291,996 births and among them, 280 newborns were affected by a form of @entity601 (9.59 in 10,000 births). This represents a 44% decrease (p < 0.01). @entity10413 rate fell from 7.16/10,000 to 3.67/10,000, representing a 49% lower rate (p < 0.01). Spina bifida rate decreased from 8.61/10,000 to 4.49/10,000, representing a 48% lower rate (p < 0.01). Cephalocele had a 20% non-significant reduction. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3505 flour fortification with @entity1501 reduced by 44% the prevalence rate of @entity601 at birth. This means that NTDs were prevented in 185 Chilean newborns each year.

title: [Effects of @entity3505 flour fortification with XXXX on the prevalence of neural tube defects in Chile].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['Anencephaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Malformations', 'CMF', 'Congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Neural tube defects', 'NTD']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early identification of @entity1 at risk of developing @entity647 ( @entity647 ) is critical for potential preventive strategies. We aimed to derive and validate an @entity647 prediction score (EDLIPS) in a multicenter sample of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a subgroup analysis of 4,361 @entity341 @entity1 enrolled in the previously reported multicenter observational study. @entity341 risk factors and conditions associated with subsequent @entity647 development were identified and included in the EDLIPS model. Scores were derived and validated using logistic regression analyses. The model was assessed with the area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) and compared to the original LIPS model (derived from a population of elective high-risk surgical and @entity341 @entity1 ) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity647 was 7.0% (303/4361). EDLIPS discriminated @entity1 who developed @entity647 from those who did not with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.75, 0.82), better than the APACHE II AUC 0.70 (p    <=   0.001) and similar to the original LIPS score AUC 0.80 (p   =   0.07). At an EDLIPS cutoff of 5 (range -0.5, 15) positive and negative likelihood ratios (95% CI) for @entity647 development were 2.74 (2.43, 3.07) and 0.39 (0.30, 0.49), respectively, with a sensitivity 0.72(0.64, 0.78), specificity 0.74 (0.72, 0.76), and positive and negative predictive value of 0.18 (0.15, 0.21) and 0.97 (0.96, 0.98). CONCLUSION: EDLIPS may help identify @entity1 at risk for @entity647 development early in the course of their @entity341 presentation. This novel model may detect at-risk @entity1 for treatment optimization and identify potential @entity1 for @entity647 prevention trials.

title: Lung injury prediction score for the XXXX : first step towards prevention in @entity1 at risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Symptomatic improvement of @entity1 with functional @entity2210 after drug therapy is often incomplete and obtained in not more than 60% of @entity1 . This is likely because functional @entity2210 is a heterogeneous disease. Although great advance has been achieved with the consensus definitions of the Rome I and II criteria, there are still some aspects about the @entity2210 that require clarification. The Rome criteria explicitly recognise that @entity158 or discomfort must be the predominant complaint in @entity1 labelled as suffering from functional @entity2210 . However, this strict definition can create problems in the daily primary care clinical practice, where the @entity1 with functional @entity2210 presents with multiple symptoms. Before starting drug therapy it is recommended to provide the @entity1 with an explanation of the disease process and reassurance. A thorough physical examination and judicious use of laboratory data and endoscopy are also indicated. In general, the approach to treat @entity1 with functional @entity2210 based on their main symptom is practical and effective. Generally, @entity1 should be treated with acid suppressive therapy using proton-pump inhibitors if the predominant symptoms are @entity158 or @entity354 . Although the role of @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) in functional @entity2210 continues to be a matter of debate, recent data indicate that there is modest but clear benefit of eradication of @entity1534 in @entity1 with functional @entity2210 . In addition, @entity1534 is a gastric carcinogen and if found it should be eliminated. Although there are no specific diets for @entity1 with @entity10751 , it may be helpful to guide the @entity1 on healthy exercise and eating habits.

title: Drug treatment of functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia', 'definition of functional dyspepsia']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: @entity18143 (Tigason, Tegison) and its active metabolite @entity14028 (Neotigason, @entity14028 ) are known teratogens. Pregnancy should be avoided during treatment and until 2 years after treatment discontinuation. The question is discussed whether a dose or a blood concentration of the drug below which there is no teratogenic risk can be determined. Animal experimental and @entity1 pharmacokinetic data are reviewed. An evaluation of the outcomes of pregnancies which occurred in mothers exposed to @entity18143 or @entity14028 was performed. A threshold dose in @entity1 therapy below which there is no risk of @entity600 cannot be determined based on animal experimental data. With regard to pharmacokinetics, there are currently no data suggesting that blood levels of the drug below the detection limit of 2 ng/ml are associated with a teratogenic risk. The most useful information is given by reports in @entity1 who were exposed to either retinoid before or during pregnancy. The data indicate that the risk of @entity2208 or @entity600 is high when the drug is administered during the first trimester of pregnancy. After treatment discontinuation, the risk is low since the number of abnormalities seems not to exceed those observed in a general population. There are currently no available data which suggest that the pregnancy warnings are inappropriate in terms of duration of contraception.

title: Teratogenic risk with etretinate and XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity14028 :: ('MESH:D017255', 'Chemical') :: ['Soriatane', 'acitretin']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

entities_list: @entity18143 :: ('MESH:D005050', 'Chemical') :: ['etretinate', 'Etretinate']

answer: @entity14028 :: (MESH:D017255,Chemical) :: ['acitretin']


abstract: The effects of chronic continuous and intermittent administration of the @entity935 D1 receptor agonist @entity2344 or the D2 receptor agonist @entity11640 on rotational behavior and @entity935 receptor binding were examined in @entity35 with a unilateral @entity2955 lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. Continuous and intermittent @entity2344 both decreased the rotational response to subsequent challenge with @entity2344 . Intermittent @entity2344 increased @entity11640 rotation, while continuous @entity2344 had no effect. Continuous administration of @entity11640 did not affect rotation elicited by either @entity2344 or @entity11640 . Intermittent @entity11640 , however, increased both @entity2344 - and @entity11640 -induced rotation. Autoradiographic techniques were used to measure D1 receptor binding in striatum and substantia nigra pars reticulata and D2 receptor binding in striatum and nucleus accumbens. Intermittent @entity2344 reduced D1 receptor Bmax and increased D1 Kd in the striatum, while both continuous and intermittent treatment with the D1 agonist decreased D1 binding in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Intermittent @entity11640 decreased D1 receptor Kd in striatum, and continuous @entity11640 reduced D1 binding slightly in substantia nigra pars reticulata. Striatal D2 receptor binding was unaffected by treatment with either @entity2344 or @entity11640 . Intermittent @entity2344 and continuous @entity11640 both reversed the lesioned-induced elevation in D2 binding in the nucleus accumbens, while intermittent @entity11640 decreased D2 binding in the accumbens on both the intact and denervated sides. Thus, the effects of chronic treatment with D1 and D2 agonists on behavioral responses to D1 and D2 receptor stimulation differed considerably and were dependent on the treatment regimen employed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential effects of chronic @entity935 D1 and D2 receptor agonists on rotational behavior and XXXX receptor binding.

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intravesical adenovirus mediated interferon-alpha gene transfer has a potent therapeutic effect against superficial @entity1 @entity150 xenografts growing in the bladder of athymic @entity19 . We determined whether the inhibition of angiogenesis might contribute to the antitumor effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We treated several @entity1 @entity189 cells with adenovirus mediated @entity4020 and monitored its effects on the production of angiogenic factors using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis and a gel shift based transcription factor array. To assess the role of adenovirus mediated interferon 2b in angiogenic activity we used in vitro invasion assays and evaluated the anti-angiogenic effects of adenovirus mediated interferon gene therapy in an orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity1 @entity150 . RESULTS: In adenovirus mediated interferon-alpha infected 253J B-V cells @entity7 was decreased and anti-angiogenic interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 was up-regulated. In contrast, the addition of as much as 100,000 IU recombinant interferon had no apparent effect on @entity7 production. Conditioned medium derived from adenovirus mediated interferon 2b infected 253J B-V cells greatly decreased the invasive potential of @entity1 endothelial cells and down-regulated their @entity1476 expression compared to controls. Furthermore, adenovirus mediated interferon 2b blocked pro-angiogenic nuclear signals, such as the transcription factors activating protein-1 and 2, stimulating protein-1, nuclear factor kappaB and @entity13327 . In vivo experiments revealed significant @entity7 down-regulation and decreased @entity5 vessel density in the adenovirus mediated interferon 2b treated group compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with adenovirus mediated interferon 2b increases the angiostatic activity of the @entity150 microenvironment. This inhibition may prove beneficial for treating @entity150 with adenovirus mediated interferon-alpha and hopefully contribute to a decreased recurrence rate of this @entity5 .

title: Adenoviral mediated @entity4020 gene therapy suppresses the pro-angiogenic effect of @entity7 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['superficial bladder cancer', 'bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-alpha 2b']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['superficial bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antihypertensive agents lower the risk of cardiovascular events, but whether they affect pathways important in @entity32 and plaque remodeling in @entity731 is uncertain. We assessed whether 2 commonly used antihypertensive agents affected plasma biomarkers reflecting specific inflammatory and remodeling processes over 2 years in the Comparison of @entity3591 versus @entity4688 to Limit Occurrences of @entity715 (CAMELOT) study. METHODS: The study was a randomized controlled trial of 2 antihypertensives ( @entity3591 and @entity4688 ) compared with placebo in @entity1 with @entity453 and diastolic blood pressure less than 100 mm Hg. In 196 subjects who had baseline and 2-year intravascular coronary ultrasound examinations, we measured plasma @entity8923 , interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, matrix metalloproteinase 9, neopterin, and @entity1851 . Results for both treatment groups were pooled and compared with placebo. RESULTS: Antihypertensive treatment with either agent significantly lowered diastolic blood pressure (-4.7 vs placebo 1.3 mm Hg, P = .002) and progression of @entity301 (/\ percent @entity1856 volume 0.6 vs placebo 2.1, P = .031). Antihypertensive therapy did not affect plasma biomarkers of @entity32 or plaque remodeling in the 135 subjects with baseline and 2-year biomarker samples. Progression in percent @entity1856 volume was significantly less in subjects taking statins at baseline (-2.5%, P = .0008). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity453 and well-controlled risk factors, antihypertensive therapy lowered blood pressure and progression of @entity453 but did not affect plasma biomarkers of @entity32 and remodeling. Antihypertensives may decrease @entity1856 progression by mechanisms other than those reflected by these plasma biomarkers.

title: Relationship of antihypertensive treatment to plasma markers of XXXX and remodeling in the Comparison of @entity3591 versus @entity4688 to Limit Occurrences of @entity715 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atheroma']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine', 'Amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['vascular inflammation']


abstract: A 7.1 kb EcoRI fragment from @entity25374 , that hybridized with a probe carrying the ntrBC genes from @entity19062 , was cloned. The @entity377 sequence of a 3.8 kb subfragment was established. This led to the identification of two open reading frames, encoding polypeptides of 401 and 481 @entity1522 , that were similar to NtrB and NtrC, respectively. A broad host range plasmid containing the putative @entity25374 ntrC gene was shown to restore @entity1568 fixation under free-living conditions to a ntrC-Tn5 mutant of @entity47511 . Several Tn5 insertion mutants were isolated in the ntrBC coding region in A brasilense. These mutants were prototrophic and Nif+. However, their nitrogenase activity was slightly lower than in the wild type and they were unable to grow on @entity1507 as sole @entity1568 source. Under microaerobiosis and in the absence of @entity3265 , a nifA-lacZ fusion was expressed in the mutants at about 60% of the level in the wild type. In the presence of @entity3265 , the fusion was similarly expressed (60% of the maximum) both in the wild type and mutants. Addition of @entity3265 to a @entity1568 -fixing culture of ntrBC mutants did not abolish nitrogenase activity, in contrast with the wild type. It thus appears that in @entity25374 the ntrBC genes are not essential for @entity1568 fixation, although NtrC controls nifA expression to some extent. They are, however, required for the switch-off of nitrogenase activity.

title: Characterization of the ntrBC genes of XXXX Sp7: their involvement in the regulation of nitrogenase synthesis and activity.

entities_list: @entity25374 :: ('192', 'Species') :: ['Azospirillum', 'Azospirillum brasilense']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity47511 :: ('7', 'Species') :: ['Azorhizobium caulinodans']

entities_list: @entity19062 :: ('375', 'Species') :: ['Bradyrhizobium japonicum']

answer: @entity25374 :: (192,Species) :: ['Azospirillum brasilense']


abstract: CONTEXT: Interstitial @entity1161 (implant) therapy is used to treat clinically localized @entity263 , but how it compares with other treatments is not known. OBJECTIVE: To estimate control of @entity1486 (PSA) after radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), or implant with or without neoadjuvant @entity342 deprivation therapy in @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of outcome data compared using Cox regression multivariable analyses. SETTING AND @entity1 : A total of 1872 @entity1 treated between January 1989 and October 1997 with an RP (n = 888) or implant with or without neoadjuvant @entity342 deprivation therapy (n = 218) at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, or @entity1161 (n = 766) at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, Mass, were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Actuarial freedom from PSA failure (defined as PSA outcome). RESULTS: The relative risk (RR) of PSA failure in low-risk @entity1 (stage T1c, T2a and PSA level < or =10 ng/mL and Gleason score < or =6) treated using @entity1161 , implant plus @entity342 deprivation therapy, or implant therapy was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-2.7), 0.5 (95% CI, 0.1-1.9), and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.3-3.6), respectively, compared with those @entity1 treated with RP. The RRs of PSA failure in the intermediate-risk @entity1 (stage T2b or Gleason score of 7 or PSA level >10 and < or =20 ng/mL) and high-risk @entity1 (stage T2c or PSA level >20 ng/mL or Gleason score > or =8) treated with implant compared with RP were 3.1 (95% CI, 1.5-6.1) and 3.0 (95% CI, 1.8-5.0), respectively. The addition of @entity342 deprivation to implant therapy did not improve PSA outcome in high-risk @entity1 but resulted in a PSA outcome that was not statistically different compared with the results obtained using RP or @entity1161 in intermediate-risk @entity1 . These results were unchanged when @entity1 were stratified using the traditional rankings of biopsy Gleason scores of 2 through 4 vs 5 through 6 vs 7 vs 8 through 10. CONCLUSIONS: Low-risk @entity1 had estimates of 5-year PSA outcome after treatment with RP, @entity1161 , or implant with or without neoadjuvant @entity342 deprivation that were not statistically different, whereas intermediate- and high-risk @entity1 treated with RP or @entity1161 did better then those treated by implant. Prospective randomized trials are needed to verify these findings.

title: Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam XXXX therapy, or interstitial @entity1161 therapy for clinically localized @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the importance of a cytoskeletal-based survival signaling pathway using in vitro models of @entity63 /reperfusion (IR). However, the importance of this pathway in mediating stress-elicited survival signaling in vivo is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: The essential cytoskeletal signaling pathway member @entity8264 ( @entity8264 ) was selectively deleted in adult cardiac myocytes using a @entity440 -inducible Cre- @entity5559 system (a-MHC-MerCreMer). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot were performed to confirm @entity8264 knockout (KO). All @entity19 were subjected to a 40-minute @entity1563 followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) was performed using a standard protocol. Control groups included @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity440 -treated a-MHC-MerCreMer+/-/ @entity8264 ( @entity164 / @entity164 ) (experimental control) @entity19 . @entity1188 size was expressed as a percentage of the risk region. In @entity164 @entity19 IP significantly enhanced the expression of activated/phosphorylated @entity8264 by 36.3% compared to @entity164 @entity19 subjected to a sham experimental protocol (P  <= 0.05; n = 6 hearts [sham], n = 4 hearts [IP]). IP significantly reduced @entity1188 size in both @entity164 and experimental control @entity19 (43.7% versus 19.8%; P  <= 0.001; 44.7% versus 17.5%; P  <= 0.001, respectively). No difference in @entity1188 size was observed between preconditioned @entity8264 KO and nonpreconditioned controls (37.1% versus 43.7% versus 44.7%; @entity8264 KO versus @entity164 versus experimental control; P=NS). IP elicited a 67.2%/88.8% increase in activated @entity4357 -3-kinase (PI3K) @entity14881 /activated @entity1994 expression in @entity164 @entity19 , but failed to enhance the expression of either in preconditioned @entity8264 KO @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that @entity8264 is an essential mediator of IP-elicited cardioprotection and provide further support for the hypothesis that cytoskeletal-based signaling is an important component of stress-elicited survival signaling.

title: Conditional knockout of myocyte XXXX abrogates ischemic preconditioning in adult @entity19 hearts.

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity8264 :: (14083(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['focal adhesion kinase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined @entity68 overload and @entity167 may promote synergistic chronic @entity99 and @entity137 . The role of specific dietary fats in influencing the development of co-toxic @entity5881 needs further evaluation and is investigated in this study. METHODS: @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and the @entity68 -loaded Hfe-null (Hfe(-/-) ) @entity19 were fed chow (CC), a AIN-93G standard control (SC), or a @entity4336 oil-modified, AIN-93G-based (CO) diet with or without the addition of 20% @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in the drinking water for 8  weeks and assessed for @entity99 . RESULTS: @entity164 @entity19 on CC, SC, and CO diets had no @entity99 , although mild @entity1560 developed in the SC and CO groups. The addition of @entity167 resulted in mild @entity1560 in @entity164 @entity19 fed SC but not those on a CO diet. @entity167 administration in Hfe(-/-) animals on the CC and SC diets caused marked oxidative stress, inflammatory activity, and subsinusoidal and portal-portal tract linkage @entity82 with significant up-regulation of genes involved in cellular stress signaling and fibrogenic pathways. These effects were abrogated in the CO-fed @entity19 , despite elevated serum @entity167 levels and hepatic @entity68 concentrations, reduced hepatic @entity2041 and mitochondrial @entity224 dismutase activities. Feeding with the CO diet led to increased hepatic @entity2041 peroxidase and catalase activities and attenuated @entity167 -induced @entity1560 in the Hfe(-/-) animals. @entity68 and @entity167 feeding markedly reduced p- @entity10433 and p-AMPK protein levels, but this effect was significantly attenuated when a CO diet was consumed. CONCLUSIONS: A CO-based diet is protective against combined @entity167 - and @entity68 -induced liver @entity137 , likely via @entity1560 and oxidative stress and may have a role in the prevention of @entity82 development in @entity409 .

title: A @entity4336 oil-based diet protects against combined XXXX and @entity68 -induced @entity99 in a @entity19 model of hemochromatosis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis', 'attenuation of hepatic steatosis', 'hepatic steatosis', 'steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['EtOH', 'alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) is a highly conserved exotoxin that are produced by a number of Gram negative bacteria, including @entity3841 , and affects @entity1 cells by inhibiting cell division and causing apoptosis. A complete cdt-operon is present in the majority of A. actinomycetemcomitans, but the proportion of isolates that lack cdt-encoding genes (A, B and C) varies according to the population studied. The objectives of this study were to examine serotype, Cdt-genotype, and Cdt-activity in isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans collected from an adolescent West African population and to examine the association between the carrier status of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the progression of @entity6730 ( @entity6730 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 249 A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates from 200 Ghanaian adolescents were examined for serotype and cdt-genotype by PCR. The activity of the Cdt-toxin was examined by DNA-staining of exposed cultured cells and documented with flow cytometry. The periodontal status of the @entity1 was examined at baseline and at a two-year follow-up. RESULTS: Presence of all three cdt-encoding genes was detected in 79% of the examined A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates. All these isolates showed a substantial Cdt-activity. The two different cdt-genotypes (with and without presence of all three cdt-encoding genes) showed a serotype-dependent distribution pattern. Presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly associated with progression of @entity6730 (OR=5.126; 95% CI=[2.994-8.779], p<0.001). CONCLUSION: A. actinomycetemcomitans isolated from the Ghanaian adolescents showed a distribution of serotype and cdt-genotype in line with results based on other previously studied populations. Presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly associated with disease progression, in particular the b serotype, whereas the association with disease progression was not particularly related to cdt-genotype, and Cdt-activity.

title: Cytolethal distending toxin in isolates of XXXX from Ghanaian adolescents and association with serotype and disease progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

answer: @entity3841 :: (714,Species) :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']


abstract: A study examining the approach of pharmacies to @entity66 in childhood was carried out in Antalya, @entity233 . A fictitious case history of a 10 month @entity1 with an acute @entity294 of three days duration, which was clinically identical with viral @entity294 and accompanied by moderate @entity2700 was hypothesised. Following this, final semester students of the medical faculty posed as relatives of the @entity1 and sought the advice of pharmacy attendants. The approach, to this hypothesised case, of all 214 pharmacies in the Antalya municipality district was examined. Most of the pharmacy attendants (57.7%) did not ask any questions to determine a differential diagnosis or establish the degree of @entity2700 . Only 21.6% of the pharmacy attendants recommended consulting a doctor or health centre, 6.5% recommended Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) without giving an explanation about the amount needed or for how long it should be administered, 44.4% only dispensed a drug, 23.8% dispensed a drug with ORS and 3.7% recommended infant formula. Antidiarrhoeals were dispensed by 67.2% of the pharmacies and 14% gave antibiotics. Also 5.6% of the pharmacy attendants advised a reduction in the @entity1 's fluid intake, 17.3% said that they could not give an opinion regarding breast feeding 19.2% advised stopping breast feeding and 7.0% did not know. All the pharmacies except the ones with the appropriate recommendation 'consult a doctor or a health centre' responded with advice given without hesitation although they did not intend to inspect or examine the @entity1 . The approaches for acute @entity294 of the pharmacies were determined as inappropriate and harmful.

title: Pharmacy approach to a case of acute XXXX with @entity2700 in Antalya, @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: The process of systematic review has shone a light on the methodology of randomized controlled trials. Notably, a range of potential biases hinders the interpretation of @entity1118 trials. These include a consistent bias favouring active over placebo in trials that are small and of short duration. The use of the 'last observation carried forward' imputation method is known to inflate results, often generating statistically significance when adverse event withdrawals are high; in clinical practice terms, this is the wrong answer. @entity1 want outcomes of @entity158 scores, large reductions in @entity158 and relief from associated symptoms, with improvements in ability to function and in quality of life. Some @entity1 achieve this, but many do not. The distribution of benefit is skewed and the use of average @entity158 scores, or change in @entity158 , can be misleading compared with responder analysis in which withdrawal is regarded as non-response. Historically, @entity1118 trials have had a simple classic or a crossover design. They have been small and short, and used inappropriate imputation and outcomes unconnected to the experiences of most @entity1 . While these designs are useful for answering some questions, they may be insensitive for many interventions. Newer designs, like enriched enrolment randomized withdrawal (EERW) trials or clinical effectiveness trials, are potentially more interesting and informative.

title: Challenges in design and interpretation of XXXX trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['low pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mounting evidence suggests an important role for the intestinal microbiota in the @entity32 that occurs in @entity29 ( @entity29 ), and novel molecular approaches have further identified a @entity6636 in these @entity1 . Several mechanisms of action of probiotic products that may interfere with possible aetiological factors in @entity29 have been postulated. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to discuss the rationale for probiotics in @entity29 and to systematically review clinical intervention studies with probiotics in the management of @entity29 in adults. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed up to 1 October 2011, using defined keywords. Only full-text papers in the English language addressing clinical outcomes in adult @entity1 were included. The 41 eligible studies were categorized on disease type ( @entity31 [ @entity31 ] with/without an ileo-anal pouch and @entity30 [ @entity30 ]) and disease activity. Pooled odds ratios were only calculated per probiotic for a specific @entity1 group when more than one randomized controlled trial was available. RESULTS: Well designed randomized controlled trials supporting the application of probiotics in the management of @entity29 are still limited. Meta-analyses could only be performed for a limited number of studies revealing overall risk ratios of 2.70 (95% CI 0.47, 15.33) for inducing remission in active @entity31 with Bifido-fermented milk versus placebo or no additive treatment (n   =   2); 1.88 (95% CI 0.96, 3.67) for inducing remission in active @entity31 with VSL#3 versus placebo (n   =   2); 1.08 (95% CI 0.86, 1.37) for preventing relapses in inactive @entity31 with @entity526 Nissle 1917 versus standard treatment (n   =   3); 0.17 (95% CI 0.09, 0.33) for preventing relapses in inactive @entity31 /ileo-anal pouch anastomosis (IPAA) @entity1 with VSL#3 versus placebo; 1.21 (95% CI 0.57, 2.57) for preventing endoscopic recurrences in inactive @entity30 with @entity1905 versus placebo (n   =   2); and 0.93 (95% CI 0.63, 1.38) for preventing endoscopic recurrences in inactive @entity30 with @entity13376 versus placebo (n   =   2). CONCLUSION: Further well designed studies based on intention-to-treat analyses by several independent research groups are still warranted to support the promising results for @entity526 Nissle in inactive @entity31 and the multispecies product VSL#3 in active @entity31 and inactive pouch @entity1 . So far, no evidence is available to support the use of probiotics in @entity30 . Future studies should focus on specific disease subtypes and disease location. Further insight into the aetiology of @entity29 and the mechanisms of probiotic strains will aid in selecting probiotic strains for specific disease entities and disease locations.

title: Probiotics in the management of @entity29 : a systematic review of intervention studies in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13376 :: ('33959', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus johnsonii']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1905 :: ('568703', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity5925 -associated skeletal muscle changes induced by complete ischaemia in @entity95 using MRI. METHODS: Acute ischaemia was induced in the right hind limb of 34 New Zealand white @entity95 by arterial ligation. MRI of vastus lateralis was carried out pre-operatively and every hour post-operatively up to 7   h. T1 weighted images, T2 weighted images with fat suppression, T2 maps and diffusion tensor scans were obtained. The correlation of MRI findings with histopathological changes in biopsies of vastus lateralis was examined. RESULTS: Histopathology demonstrated early cellular @entity4 1   h post ischaemia and irreversible injuries by 7   h, including loss of striation and broken muscle fibres. T2 weighted images with fat suppression showed inhomogeneous high signal intensity of vastus lateralis, which progressively increased from 2   h following ischaemia. The T2 relaxation rate of ischaemic vastus lateralis was significantly greater than normal muscle (p<0.001) and demonstrated a linear increase with time following ischaemia. A similar linear increase was also found in the ischaemic vastus lateralis apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) 1-5   h post ischaemia (p=0.006). Both the T2 ADC and fractional anisotropy (FA) were significantly higher on the ischaemic side 7   h post ischaemia (for T2, p=0.02; for ADC, p=0.004). CONCLUSION: @entity121 is detectable on MR images and is reflected well by T2, ADC and FA values. MRI may have value in clinical evaluation of @entity5925 . ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Ischaemic changes detected by MRI may have value in the diagnosis of @entity5925 .

title: Skeletal muscle evaluation by MRI in a XXXX model of acute ischaemia.

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle oedema']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: In a prospective study, we investigated the value of high resolution sonography for the imaging diagnosis of @entity12127 . A total of 161 @entity1 with abdominal complaints on account of which acute @entity4436 entered into differential diagnosis were included in the study. 74 of these finally had proven @entity12127 (prevalence, 46%). The results of intestinal sonography and the working diagnoses on admission were evaluated on the basis of final diagnoses. According to history, symptoms, and clinical findings on admission, the working diagnosis of @entity4436 was graded as being "highly suspect" in 26 (35.1%) of these 74 @entity4436 @entity1 , as being "possible/equivocal" in 36 (48.6%), and as being "very unlikely" in in 12 (16.2%). In 7 (9.5%) @entity1 with @entity4436 , the diagnosis was clinically unsuspected and primarily established by ultrasound. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of intestinal sonography with regard to the diagnosis of @entity4436 were 97.5%, 98.6%, and 96.5%, respectively. There were three false positive ultrasonic diagnoses of @entity4436 which were made in two @entity1 with perforated @entity189 of the sigmoid and in one case of @entity3313 (positive predictive value, 96%). Ultrasound failed to visualize @entity4436 with perforation in one @entity1 (negative predictive value, 98%). In 19 out of 20 @entity1 with @entity6177 (prevalence, 12.4%), the diagnoses were established by means of sonography. Nine of these @entity1 with abscesses initially were treated by ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage enabling elective surgery. In 26 (70%) of 36 @entity1 with @entity4670 other than @entity4436 , ultrasound findings substantially added for the definite diagnoses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX : imaging diagnosis with ultrasound--a prospective study].

entities_list: @entity3313 :: ('MESH:D045822', 'Disease') :: ['sigmoid volvulus']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['morphological disorders']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis', 'sigmoid diverticulitis']

answer: @entity12127 :: (MESH:D004239,Disease) :: ['Colon diverticulitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The incorporation of three-dimensional (3D) planning for the treatment of bone @entity3 has been embraced in many North American practices with assumed superior @entity5 targeting, sparing of normal structures, and improvement in @entity1 outcomes. The goal of our project was to evaluate the dosimetric and clinical impact of 3D vs. two-dimensional (2D) planning for @entity1 who require simple palliative radiotherapy techniques ( <= 2 beams) for bone @entity3 . METHODS: @entity1 undergoing palliative radiation therapy for bone @entity3 were eligible. The study oncologists first documented the intended treatment target, defined the treatment target/field using digital radiographs (2D), followed by using full 3D planning computerized tomography volumetric datasets. Treatment plans were compared dosimetrically, and @entity1 -reported outcomes (pain, @entity1295 , @entity448 , and @entity390 ) were compared against a historical cohort treated with 2D plans. RESULTS: Eighty-five @entity1 were enrolled in the study group. Review of the 3D datasets led to changes in the target area of interest in 44/85 (52 %) of cases, of which 21/85 (25 %) were clinically significant. 3D plans resulted in superior target coverage and normal tissue sparing. There was no significant difference in @entity1 -reported outcomes however. CONCLUSION: 3D radiotherapy planning resulted in superior treatment plans but we were unable to demonstrate a significant benefit in clinical outcomes. Prospective study designs are needed to describe the contemporary expectation of palliative radiotherapy for bone @entity3 in the modern era of 3D planning.

title: Dosimetric and clinical impact of 3D vs. 2D planning in palliative radiotherapy for bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Microbial contamination can be a marker for faulty process and is assumed to play an important role in the collection of @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) and infusion procedure. We aimed to determine the microbial contamination rates and evaluate the success of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in @entity1 who received contaminated products. @entity1 -METHODS: We analyzed microbial contamination records of @entity1583 grafts between 2012 and 2015, retrospectively. Contamination rates of autologous donors were evaluated for at three steps: at the end of mobilization, following processing with @entity3733 , and just before stem cell infusion. Grafts of allogeneic donors were assessed only before @entity8 . RESULT: A total of 445 mobilization procedures were carried out on 333 (167 autologous and 166 allogeneic) donors. The microbiological contamination of peripheral blood (323/333 donations) and bone marrow (10/333 donations) products were analyzed. Bacterial contamination was detected in 18 of 1552 (1.15 %) culture bottles of 333 donors. During the study period 248 @entity1 underwent @entity8 and among these @entity1 microbial contamination rate on sample basis was 1.3 % (16/1212). Microbial contamination detected in nine @entity1 (7 autologous; 2 allogeneic). In 8 of 9 @entity1 , a febrile neutropenic attack was observed. The median day for the @entity221 was 4 days (0-9). None of the @entity1 died within the post-transplant 30 days who received contaminated products. CONCLUSION: The use of contaminated products with antibiotic prophylaxis may be safe in terms of the first day of @entity221 , duration of @entity221 , neutrophil, platelet engraftment and duration of hospitalization.

title: Does microbial contamination influence the success of the XXXX outcomes?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HCT', 'hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HPC', 'hematopoietic progenitor cell']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever', 'fever']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic cell transplantation']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity102 is a complication of pelvic radiation therapy. The acute phase of radiation @entity130 occurs during or up to 3 months following radiation. @entity6937 can continue into a chronic phase or @entity102 may develop after a latent period of several months or years. Symptoms associated with the condition include @entity294 , @entity158 , @entity548 , tenesmus, and @entity850 formation. Of the various symptoms, only @entity548 from radiation-induced @entity8721 is amenable to endoscopic therapy. This paper summarizes the findings of experts in the field on endoscopic treatment of @entity548 from @entity102 . RECENT FINDINGS: Medical management is generally ineffective in controlling @entity548 from @entity102 . Surgical intervention has a high incidence of morbidity. Promising advances have been made in endoscopic therapy, including @entity406 , @entity3278 /yttrium aluminum garnet, @entity3503 and @entity17835 laser treatments, as well as @entity3503 plasma coagulation. @entity3503 plasma coagulation presents an effective, efficient, inexpensive and reasonably safe noncontact method for destruction of radiation @entity8721 . SUMMARY: Based on currently available data and trends, @entity3503 plasma coagulation is the favored treatment for @entity548 from @entity102 .

title: Endoscopic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity17835 :: ('MESH:C064806', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium titanyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic radiation proctopathy', 'Chronic radiation proctopathy']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['Acute radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rectal pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the rectum']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic radiation proctopathy']


abstract: It is well established that LH has an obligatory role in the acute production of @entity1420 by the primate corpus luteum in vivo because interruption of LH support to the corpus luteum at any time during the luteal phase is accompanied by an immediate and sustained fall in serum @entity1420 concentrations. However, recent studies have demonstrated that maximal steroidogenic capacity of cultured @entity1 luteal cells and maximal levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for @entity165 side chain cleavage cytochrome @entity11670 (P450scc) and @entity1816 dehydrogenase, delta 5-4 isomerase (3 beta-HSD) in luteal tissue are observed shortly after luteinization and decline thereafter throughout the remainder of the luteal phase. These findings would suggest that the role of LH in the acute regulation of @entity1420 production may differ from its role in the expression of mRNAs for steroidogenic enzymes. We initiated the current studies to define the role of LH upon the expression of mRNAs for P450scc and 3 beta-HSD by the primate corpus luteum. For this purpose, we treated @entity5434 with a potent GnRH antagonist for 1, 2, and 3 days during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and measured levels of mRNAs for P450scc and 3 beta-HSD in corpora lutea. Treatment of monkeys with the @entity1176 antagonist reduced bioactive LH concentrations to less than 5 ng/ml by 48 h of treatment, and LH concentrations remained less than 5 ng/ml thereafter. Serum @entity1420 concentrations were reduced by 74% after 1 day of antagonist treatment, 88% after 2 days of antagonist treatment, and by more than 95% after 3 days of GnRH antagonist treatment. Although @entity1420 secretion was markedly diminished after 24 h of antagonist treatment, there were no differences in mRNAs for P450scc and 3 beta-HSD between antagonist-treated and control animals. However, mRNAs for P450scc and 3 beta-HSD were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced after 2 days of antagonist treatment and were nearly nondetectable after 3 days of antagonist treatment. These results demonstrate a temporal dissociation of the effects of LH on the acute regulation of @entity1420 secretion and the maintenance of specific mRNAs involved in @entity1420 production. Nonetheless, the results clearly show that LH is required for the continued expression of mRNAs for P450scc and 3 beta-HSD by the primate corpus luteum.

title: Role of luteinizing hormone in the expression of @entity165 side-chain cleavage cytochrome XXXX and @entity1816 dehydrogenase, delta 5-4 isomerase messenger ribonucleic acids in the primate corpus luteum.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3 beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity11670 :: (1555,Gene) :: ['P450']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of a topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent (ketorolac @entity8973 ophthalmic solution 0.5%) and a topical @entity134 ( @entity3748 ophthalmic suspension 0.5%) in controlling @entity32 after @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Magill Research Center for Vision Correction, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive topical treatment with ketorolac @entity8973 ophthalmic solution 0.5% or @entity3748 ophthalmic suspension 0.5% starting the day after routine phacoemulsification for @entity231 extraction. Both @entity1 and investigator were masked to treatment. All @entity1 had uneventful small-incision phacoemulsification with placement of a foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). @entity1 used 1 of the 2 antiinflammatory agents 4 times a day starting 24 hours after surgery. Signs and symptoms of @entity32 as documented by external slitlamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP), and Kowa cell and flare measurements were evaluated on postoperative days 1, 4, 7, and 30. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in any measurement of postoperative @entity32 between the 2 groups. There was no difference in objective or subjective cell and flare measurements or in IOP between groups. No @entity1 in either group was removed from the study for lack of treatment efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Ketorolac @entity8973 ophthalmic solution 0.5% was as effective as @entity3748 ophthalmic suspension 0.5% in reducing @entity32 after routine phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. These results suggest that ketorolac @entity8973 0.5% is a safe and effective antiinflammatory alternative to @entity230 after @entity231 extraction.

title: Comparison of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and XXXX 0.5% for @entity32 after phacoemulsification: prospective randomized double-masked study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3748 :: ('MESH:C063378', 'Chemical') :: ['loteprednol etabonate']

answer: @entity3748 :: (MESH:C063378,Chemical) :: ['loteprednol etabonate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our practice has been to heparinize @entity1 for @entity438 coiling even after recent external ventriculostomy drain (EVD) placement. The current medical literature cites a 12.5% symptomatic @entity548 rate with heparinization after recent EVD placement. We reviewed our experience to determine our level of safety with this practice. METHODS: A search of our prospectively collected computerized @entity439 database revealed that from February 1998 to February 2004, 356 @entity439 were coiled, of which 119 @entity1 had had recent EVD placement before coiling. During the same time period, 251 @entity510 @entity1 underwent EVD placement without coiling or heparinization. We reviewed the head computed tomographic scan reports and medical records to determine the incidence of EVD-related @entity548 in heparinized @entity1 compared with nonheparinized @entity1 . RESULTS: There was only 1 @entity1 in the heparinized group who had a symptomatic EVD-related @entity548 attributable to heparinization (0.8%) and 11 @entity1 with asymptomatic EVD-related @entity548 (9.2%). Among the nonheparinized @entity1 , there were 3 @entity1 who had symptomatic EVD-related @entity548 (1.2%) and 22 @entity1 with asymptomatic EVD-related @entity548 (8.8%) (P = not significant for both symptomatic and asymptomatic EVD-related @entity548 ). The time interval between EVD placement and heparinization in the heparinized @entity1 with symptomatic EVD-related @entity548 was 0.5 day; the mean time interval in the heparinized @entity1 with asymptomatic EVD-related @entity548 was 0.8 day; and in the heparinized @entity1 with no @entity548 , it was 0.8 day. The peak activated prothrombin time of the heparinized @entity1 with symptomatic EVD-related @entity548 was >150 seconds, the mean peak activated prothrombin time of the heparinized @entity1 with asymptomatic EVD-related @entity548 was 73.1 seconds, and that of the heparinized @entity1 with no @entity548 was 90.3 seconds. CONCLUSION: Heparinization for @entity438 coiling can be safely performed even after EVD placement within 24 hours, particularly if the activated prothrombin time is kept strictly controlled.

title: Safety of heparinization for XXXX coiling soon after external ventriculostomy drain placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysm']


abstract: Approximately 37 @entity1522 at the @entity1472 -terminus of subunit a of the @entity526 @entity855 synthase are found localized to the periplasm. Results indicate that a single @entity535 substitution, @entity48186 , disrupts assembly of subunit a and causes a loss of @entity855 synthase function. In this study, a conserved region of nine @entity1522 , 11-19, was initially mutagenized randomly, generating no mutants that could grow on @entity4588 -minimal medium. Subsequent mutagenesis, confined to residues His(14), His(15), and @entity2734 (17), indicated that constructs containing @entity48186 were the most deleterious. Four single mutants were constructed and analyzed: @entity48187 , @entity48188 , @entity48187 , and @entity48186 . Only @entity48186 was significantly impaired, with respect to @entity855 -driven proton translocation, passive proton permeability through F(o), and sensitivity of membrane-bound ATPase to DCCD. Immunoblot analysis indicated very low levels of subunit a from @entity48186 . @entity462 mutations were constructed at positions 14, 15, 17, and 18. Residues 14, 15, and 17 were shown to be accessible in the periplasmic space, while residue 18 was not, indicating that this region was stably folded. While both His(14) and His(15) are conserved among a group of bacteria, results presented here indicate that they are not equivalent, and that a specific role for His(15) in the assembly or structure of the @entity855 synthase is supported.

title: His(15) of subunit a of the XXXX @entity855 synthase is important for the structure or assembly of the membrane sector F(o).

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['Cysteine']

entities_list: @entity48187 :: ('p|SUB|H|15|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H15A']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity48188 :: ('p|SUB|H|14|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H14D']

entities_list: @entity48186 :: ('p|SUB|H|15|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H15D']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 neutrophils undergo rapid apoptosis during in vitro culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of @entity687 ( @entity687 ) on neutrophil apoptosis in surgery-induced @entity32 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were drawn from 21 @entity1 with mandibular prognathism 2 days before, @entity676 days after orthognathic surgery. The @entity687 levels in the separated plasma were measured using an ELISA kit. The expression of two receptors for @entity687 , @entity7415 , and @entity7416 , and their role in neutrophil apoptosis was evaluated using a flow cytometer. RESULTS: The @entity687 levels in the plasma were correlated with acute inflammatory markers, such as peripheral blood neutrophil counts and @entity1851 levels. Both @entity687 receptors were markedly raised in @entity1 -derived neutrophils 1 day post-operatively. Recombinant @entity687 (0-100 ng/ml) suppressed apoptosis in fresh-isolated neutrophils from healthy donors dose-dependently. Neutrophil apoptosis 1 day post-operatively was slightly accelerated in the presence of fetal bovine serum compared to the value 2 days pre-operatively and 5 days post-operatively. In contrast, in the presence of autogenous plasma, neutrophil apoptosis was significantly suppressed 1 day post-operatively compared to the value 2 days pre-operatively and 5 days post-operatively. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic effect of plasma on neutrophil apoptosis was partially decreased by the addition of anti- @entity687 neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that circulating neutrophils are susceptible to augmentation by @entity687 through the reinforcement of @entity687 receptors in acute inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, @entity687 may, in part, contribute to the regulation of neutrophil survival during the inflammatory response.

title: Modulation of neutrophil apoptosis in plasma of XXXX after orthognathic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present paper is to describe the variations in intraocular pressure (IOP) during the day in normals, in @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) and in @entity1 with normal-tension @entity726 (NTG). IOP represents one of the most important risk factors for @entity726 . However the IOP value is not constant during the day and IOP fluctuation could influence the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of the @entity66 . METHODS: For this purpose IOP was evaluated every 2 h from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. in one randomized eye of 33 normal subjects, 95 @entity725 and 50 NTG @entity1 . RESULTS: The results show that the highest IOP values were detectable in the morning in all three groups. The lowest values were found in the early afternoon hours. These variations were most evident in @entity725 @entity1 . The daily IOP fluctuations were directly proportional to IOP level. CONCLUSION: The study evidents that a single tonometric evaluation, especially if done in the first hours of the afternoon, is not sufficient to correctly evaluate the IOP-related risk in @entity726 @entity1 . If the pressure peaks are important in determining the extent of @entity16 in NTG @entity1 IOP should not have an important role in optic nerve @entity16 . The use of diurnal curves seems to be mandatory for the assessment of IOP-related risk and of efficiency of the therapeutic approach.

title: Fluctuations of intraocular pressure during the day in open-angle glaucoma, normal-tension XXXX and normal subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['head damage', 'glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High LDL- @entity165 is a risk factor for @entity731 . We aimed to determine whether aggressive @entity165 lowering with @entity6817 was more effective than conventional statin treatment in this disease. We investigated the effect of high-dose @entity2993 on carotid @entity731 progression. METHOD: We did a randomised, double-blind clinical trial in 325 @entity1 with @entity4310 . @entity1 were given either @entity2993 80 mg (n=160) or @entity3413 40 mg (n=165) daily, on an intent-to-treat basis. The primary endpoint was the change of carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ), as measured by quantitative B-mode ultrasound, over 2 years. FINDINGS: The overall baseline @entity121 , combining the measurements of the common and internal carotid artery and the carotid bifurcation on both sides, was 0.93 mm (SD 0.22) and 0.92 mm (0.21) in the @entity2993 and @entity3413 groups, respectively. After treatment with @entity2993 for 2 years, @entity121 decreased (-0.031 mm [95% CI -0.007 to -0.055]; p=0.0017), whereas in the @entity3413 group it increased (0.036 [0.014-0.058]; p=0.0005). The change in thickness differed significantly between the two groups (p=0.0001). @entity2993 showed greater reductions in @entity165 concentrations than did @entity3413 . HDL- @entity165 concentrations increased in both groups. Both drugs were equally well tolerated. INTERPRETATION: Our results show that aggressive LDL- @entity165 reduction by @entity2993 was accompanied by regression of carotid @entity121 in @entity1 with @entity4310 , whereas conventional LDL lowering was not.

title: Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on @entity731 ( XXXX ): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['intima media thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['ASAP']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Little is known regarding pediatric racial/ethnic disparities. We sought to determine if racial/ethnic disparities exist in the severity, mortality, or medical disposition of pediatric @entity131 ( @entity131 ). METHODS: We analyzed data from a comprehensive @entity130 database assembled at a large independent @entity1 's hospital. Among all @entity1 evaluated by the @entity130 service in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ), cases of @entity131 were identified (N=1035). Analyses contrasted non-Hispanic White @entity1 with all others (minority @entity1 ). The relationship of race to @entity1 characteristics, @entity1545 severity, mortality, and medical disposition (hospital admission, intensive care unit admission) was analyzed by using bivariable approaches and multivariate logistic regression. The latter controlled for age, overall injury severity, and insurance status. RESULTS: Although sociodemographic characteristics did not differ, the mechanism of injury was significantly different (P<.001); minority @entity1 were more likely to have been a pedestrian or cyclist struck by a vehicle. Minority @entity1 were less likely to require transfer to the @entity341 for treatment and were more likely to be publicly insured (P<.001). No differences in @entity1545 severity, mortality, or medical disposition were observed with both bivariable and multivariable approaches. CONCLUSIONS: This study is one of the first to examine potential disparities in @entity130 and contributes to the small but growing literature in pediatric health disparities. Multiple explanations are explored, several with potential implications for reducing disparities in other health conditions. Identifying conditions in which evaluation and treatment appears to be free of disparities may provide insights for subsequent investigations and interventions.

title: Pediatric @entity131 : do racial/ethnic disparities exist in XXXX severity, mortality, or medical disposition?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: We describe three @entity3124 @entity1 who displayed indirect evidence of transient @entity21422 . All these @entity1 were elderly, were poorly nourished, and had unexplained @entity551 intraoperatively or immediately postoperatively. During the @entity551 episodes, they had inappropriately low plasma @entity701 levels (10, 12, and 6 micrograms/dl) and responded dramatically to the administration of glucocorticoids. A normal response to infusion of synthetic corticotropin excluded primary @entity1887 . Two @entity1 tested had low @entity1955 levels without increased thyrotropin concentrations and depressed levels of gonadotropins. In all three @entity1 , the dose of glucocorticoids was successfully tapered and then discontinued. After recovery, serum @entity1955 levels increased, gonadotropins reverted to normal concentrations, and the administration of @entity4235 to two @entity1 demonstrated normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. @entity701 levels of less than 15 micrograms/dl in @entity3124 @entity1 suggest the presence of @entity1887 . The infusion of synthetic corticotropin may not exclude @entity1887 attributable to @entity21422 . If direct tests of corticotropin reserve are impractical, treatment with glucocorticoids is warranted.

title: Transient @entity21422 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity21422 :: ('MESH:D049913', 'Disease') :: ['corticotropin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that the @entity48942 - @entity48943 -Hus1 (9-1-1) checkpoint complex, known to be a sensor of DNA damage, is also a component of DNA repair systems. Recent results show that 9-1-1 interacts with several base excision repair proteins. It binds the DNA glycosylase MutY homolog, and stimulates @entity10840 , flap endonuclease 1, and DNA ligase @entity1 -1 resembles proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( @entity1364 ), which stimulates some of these same repair enzymes, and is loaded onto DNA in a similar manner. The complex of 9-1-1 with DNA ligase I can be immunoprecipitated from @entity1 cells. Moreover, UV irradiation stimulates 9-1-1.ligase I complex formation, suggesting a role for 9-1-1 in DNA repair. Examining the nature of 9-1-1 interaction with DNA ligase I, we show that there is a similar degree of stimulation on ligation substrates with different structures, and that there is specificity for DNA ligase I. 9-1-1 improves the binding of DNA ligase I to nicked double strand DNA. Furthermore, although high concentrations of casein kinase II strongly inhibits DNA ligase I activity, it does not affect the ability of 9-1-1 to stimulate. This suggests that 9-1-1 is also an activator of DNA ligase I during DNA damage. Unlike @entity1364 , 9-1-1 stimulates DNA ligase I activity to the same extent on both linear and circular substrates, indicating that encirclement is not a requirement for stimulation. These data are consistent with a direct role for 9-1-1 in DNA repair, but possibly employing a different mechanism than @entity1364 .

title: Mechanism of stimulation of @entity1 DNA ligase I by the XXXX - @entity48943 -Hus1 checkpoint complex.

entities_list: @entity10840 :: ('5423', 'Gene') :: ['DNA polymerase beta']

answer: @entity48942 :: (5883,Gene) :: ['Rad9']


abstract: Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy is essential for treatment of @entity1 with @entity0 who have a large @entity5 mass and/or regional lymph node involvement, in terms of both @entity5 shrinkage and further improvement of the survival rate. In order to safely perform breast-conservation treatment for these @entity1 , a detailed diagnostic procedure for precisely evaluating the therapeutic response is needed. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is thought to be important in the evaluation of responses to neoadjuvant therapy in @entity1 with considerably large @entity5 , however, few studies have detailed the changes, as depicted by dynamic MRI, that can be expected with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to document the changes that occur in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to correlate them with the pathological findings observed in the surgical specimen. The study was performed at Kochi Medical School Hospital from 1995 to 1998. The series consisted of 31 @entity1 with @entity0 . Prior to and after 1-5 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, dynamic MRI examinations were performed. Eight of the time-intensity curves for the 10 grade 1a @entity5 flattened during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while two remained the same. Six of the curves flattened for the 14 grade 1b @entity5 , 7 remained the same, and one spiked. And for the seven grade 2 @entity5 , two of the curves flattened and five remained the same (p=0.0340). In the five grade 1 @entity5 , the mean after/before normalized peak signal intensity ratio was 0.42+/-0.22. In the 18 grade 2 and 8 grade 3 @entity5 , the mean normalized signal intensity ratios were 0.59+/-0.28, 0.88+/-0.10, respectively (p<0.05). In the 15 @entity5 that showed shrinkage of the linear enhancement during neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, 10 had no remarkable intraductal spreading and 9 had a negative surgical margin. In the 16 @entity5 that had no shrinkage of the linear enhancement during chemotherapy, 13 had remarkable intraductal spreading and 12 had a positive surgical margin (p<0.05). It is concluded that dynamic MRI is a valuable tool for determining @entity5 response and predicting a positive surgical margin. Breast-conservation treatment can be performed for these @entity1 by meticulous assessment using such detailed diagnostic procedures after @entity5 control by combined chemotherapy with high dose-intensity.

title: Changes in the findings of dynamic MRI by preoperative CAF chemotherapy for @entity1 with XXXX of stage II and III: pathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage II and III breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Obtaining reliable information on the physical state and ultrastructure of bile is difficult because of its mixed aqueous-lipid composition and thermodynamic metastability. We have used time-lapse cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) combined with video-enhanced light microscopy (VELM) to study microstructural evolution in nucleating bile. A well-characterized model bile and gallbladder biles from @entity165 and @entity2118 @entity1 were studied sequentially during @entity165 nucleation and precipitation. In model bile, @entity165 crystallization was preceded by the appearance of the following distinct microstructures: spheroidal micelles (3-5 nm), discoidal membrane patches (50-150 nm) often in multiple layers (2-10), discs (50-100 nm), and unilamellar (50-200 nm) and @entity5222 ( @entity5222 ). The membrane patches and discs appeared to be short-lived intermediates in a micelle-to-vesicle transition. Vesicular structures formed by growth and closure of patches as well as by budding off from vesicles with fewer bilayers. @entity5222 became more abundant, uniform, and concentric as a function of time. In native bile, all the above microstructures, except discoidal membrane patches, were observed. However, native @entity5222 were more uniform and concentric from the beginning. When @entity165 crystals appeared by light microscopy, @entity5222 were always detected by cryo-TEM. Edges of early @entity165 crystals were lined up with micelles and @entity5222 in a way suggesting an active role in feeding crystal growth from these microstructures. These findings, for the first time documented by cryo-TEM in @entity1 bile, provide a microstructural framework that can serve as a basis for investigation of specific factors that influence biliary @entity165 nucleation and crystal formation.

title: Microstructural evolution of lipid aggregates in nucleating model and XXXX biles visualized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigment gallstone']

entities_list: @entity5222 :: ('MESH:C567751', 'Disease') :: ['MLVs', 'larger multilamellar vesicles']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity5 @entity1 received @entity2891 plus @entity5899 for 673 febrile episodes presumed to be caused by @entity281 . Overall, 415 (76%) of the 545 evaluable episodes responded. There were 213 responses (84%) amongst the 254 fevers of unknown origin and 202 responses (69%) amongst the 291 documented @entity281 . Fifty-one (61%) of the 83 episodes @entity55 and 74 (64%) of the 115 episodes of @entity582 responded. Only 39 (58%) of the 67 @entity281 caused by Gram-positive bacteria responded compared with 55 (86%) of 64 Gram-negative @entity281 which included seven of eight caused by @entity796 . Eighteen (67%) of 27 @entity325 responded to the regimen. Response rates were significantly lower amongst the 125 @entity1 whose neutrophil counts decreased during therapy than amongst the 158 @entity1 whose neutrophil counts increased. Adverse events which were possibly or probably related to antibiotic therapy were observed during 73 of the episodes; the most commonly reported side-effects were @entity294 and @entity1910 . Six @entity1 developed a @entity1003 without @entity548 and two experienced anaphylactic reactions. In this open trial @entity2891 plus @entity5899 proved to be an effective regimen for initial therapy of @entity221 in @entity5 @entity1 . It should be combined with a glycopeptide in those institutions where @entity281 caused by @entity3256 -resistant staphylococci are frequently encountered.

title: An open trial of @entity2891 plus @entity5899 for the treatment of @entity221 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infections']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the potential ability of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with single-shot echo-planar imaging (DW imaging) in the upper abdomen by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and signal:intensity ratio (SIR) measurements. METHODS: DW imaging was performed in 61 clinical @entity1 . ADCs in the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, and different pathological conditions were calculated. Spleen-to-liver SIR and @entity409 ( @entity6884 ) were also calculated. RESULTS: The mean ADCs (mm(2)/s) were 2.28 x 10(-3) +/- 0.07 in the liver, 1.44 x 10(-3) +/- 0.05 in the spleen, 1.94 x 10(-3) +/- 0.19 in the pancreas, and 5.76 x 10(-3) +/- 0.06 in the kidney. The mean ADC of cirrhotic liver was 1.96 x 10(-3) +/- 0.62, which was lower than that of normal liver. Other pathologic conditions also showed ADCs different from those of normal tissues. All DW images showed significantly higher @entity409 and SIDs than did T2-weighted images (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The mean ADCs obtained with DW imaging were different in each upper abdominal organ and with each pathologic condition. DW images showed better soft tissue contrast than did T2-weighted images with regard to SIR and CNR in depicting and characterizing upper @entity74 .

title: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging with single-shot echo-planar imaging in the upper abdomen: preliminary clinical experience in 61 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['segmental intensity difference of the liver', 'spleen-to-liver SIRs']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical outcome measures are important tools to monitor @entity1 improvement during treatment as well as to document changes for research purposes. The short-form Bournemouth questionnaire for neck @entity158 @entity1 (BQN) was developed from the biopsychosocial model and measures @entity158 , disability, cognitive and affective domains. It has been shown to be a valid and reliable outcome measure in English, French and Dutch and more sensitive to change compared to other questionnaires. The purpose of this study was to translate and validate a German version of the Bournemouth questionnaire for neck @entity158 @entity1 . METHODS: German translation and back translation into English of the BQN was done independently by four @entity1 and overseen by an expert committee. Face validity of the German BQN was tested on 30 neck @entity158 @entity1 in a single chiropractic practice. Test-retest reliability was evaluated on 31 medical students and chiropractors before and after a lecture. The German BQN was then assessed on 102 first time neck @entity158 @entity1 at two chiropractic practices for internal consistency, external construct validity, external @entity1055 and sensitivity to change compared to the German versions of the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) and the Neck @entity158 and Disability Scale (NPAD). RESULTS: Face validity testing lead to minor changes to the German BQN. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for the test-retest reliability was 0.99. The internal consistency was strong for all 7 items of the BQN with Cronbach a's of .79 and .80 for the pre and post-treatment total scores. External construct validity and external @entity1055 using Pearson's correlation coefficient showed statistically significant correlations for all 7 scales of the BQN with the other questionnaires. The German BQN showed greater responsiveness compared to the other questionnaires for all scales. CONCLUSIONS: The German BQN is a valid and reliable outcome measure that has been successfully translated and culturally adapted. It is shorter, easier to use, and more responsive to change than the @entity717 and NPAD.

title: Translation and validation of the German version of the Bournemouth Questionnaire for Neck XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal construct validity']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an important physiological measure of intermediate @entity3979 . @entity551 ( @entity551 ) is widely recognized but has largely been ignored in FFR measurements. We sought to determine the effect of @entity551 on FFR-derived decision-making.Methods   and   Results:We analyzed 1,218 FFR measurements for intermediate stenosis in 940 @entity1 , in which the pullback maneuver confirmed @entity551  <=3 mmHg. The primary objectives were to determine the frequency and magnitude of @entity551 and its effect on decision-making on the basis of an FFR cutoff of 0.80. In all, 479 (39.3%) measurements showed @entity551 . @entity551 was significantly associated with age, @entity101 , reference diameter, left anterior descending artery lesion location, and read-out FFR values. Classification discordance between read-out and @entity551 -corrected FFR values was detected in 44 (3.6%) measurements in total and in 9.2% of @entity551 cases. The decision changed from FFR  <=0.80 to FFR >0.80 in 40 (3.3%) and vice versa in 4 (0.3%) measurements. @entity551 showed no effect on decision-making when the FFR read-out value was  <=0.76 or >= 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: @entity551 is not uncommon, and its effect on FFR-based decision-making was not negligible in the range between 0.77 and 0.82 where reclassification occurred in 18.7% of FFR measurements.

title: Impact of Pressure Signal Drift on Fractional Flow Reserve-Based Decision-Making for @entity1 With Intermediate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'Pressure signal drift']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between fish consumption and @entity64 risk. DESIGN: Prospective population cohort study. SETTING: Norfolk, UK cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). SUBJECTS: Subjects were 24 312 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 40-79 years who had no previous history of @entity64 at baseline. METHODS: Fish consumption was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline in 1993-1997 and @entity64 incidence ascertained to 2004. RESULTS: A total of 421 incident @entity64 were identified (mean follow-up=8.5 years, total @entity1 -years=209 238). There were no significant relationships between total fish, shellfish or fish roe consumption and risk of @entity64 in @entity1 and @entity1 after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, @entity165 , @entity6 , physical activity, @entity167 consumption, fish oil supplement use and total energy intake using Cox regression analyses. Oily fish consumption was significantly lower in @entity1 who subsequently had a @entity64 (odds ratio (OR) for consumers vs. non-consumers=0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.94, P=0.02). The trend in @entity1 was similar but not significant (OR for consumers vs. non-consumers=0.88, 95% CI 0.65-1.19, P=0.41). CONCLUSIONS: There was no consistent relationship between fish consumption and @entity64 in this British population. Inconsistencies in the observed health effects of fish consumption in different populations may reflect different patterns and type of fish consumed and preparation methods.

title: Habitual fish consumption and risk of incident XXXX : the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk prospective population study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of @entity288 on @entity1198 and Th2 serum cytokine balance in @entity1 with @entity24481 : @entity379 , @entity310 , @entity3646 and @entity688 . Further, we tested the hypothesis of an up-regulation of Th2 immune response during successful treatment with @entity288 to explain their beneficial effect in @entity6875 . Serum cytokines were detected in three groups of subjects: 20 @entity1 with @entity2743 without @entity6875 (Gd), 16 @entity1 with clinical symptoms of @entity6875 ( @entity24481 ) (CAS over 3 points, last consultation record for @entity24481 less than a year old) and 16 healthy volunteers. Corticosteroid therapy consisted of intravenous infusions of @entity1667 (MP) (2 series, 3 g each time) and subsequent treatment with oral @entity229 (60 mg per day) in a tapering schedule. The serum samples were collected 24 hours before MP, 24 hours after MP, 14 days of treatment with @entity229 and at the end of corticosteroid therapy. The levels of @entity379 , @entity310 , @entity3646 and @entity688 in the serum were determined using ELISA. Statistical significance was estimated by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Our findings show a deviation to systemic Th2 profile cytokines in @entity2743 . In @entity1 with @entity24481 , we found a significantly increased serum @entity688 concentration. In corticosteroid-responsive @entity1 , the balance of serum cytokines @entity3646 / @entity379 , @entity3646 / @entity310 , @entity688 / @entity379 and @entity688 / @entity310 increased and remained upregulated until the end of the study. In non-responders, the balance of serum cytokines studied increased after @entity1667 but declined markedly during continuation of the therapy with @entity229 . In summary, our results show that efficient corticosteroid therapy may be related to its influence on Th2/ @entity1198 profile cytokine balance. The upregulation of serum @entity3646 and @entity688 during successful treatment with @entity288 indicate the possibility of using these cytokines as predictors of the beneficial effect of @entity288 in @entity6875 .

title: Serum @entity1198 and Th2 profile cytokine level changes in @entity1 with @entity6875 treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sweat conductivity, which is equivalent to sweat @entity1219 concentration, is used as a screening test to identify possible @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 . No data exist on the biological variation of this variable and the influence it may have on the interpretation of sweat testing. The aim of this study was to determine the components of biological variation for sweat @entity2827 conductivity and to apply biological variation parameters in the interpretation of sweat conductivity. METHODS: Sweat conductivity was determined once a week for 5 consecutive weeks on 15 healthy volunteers, 20 healthy @entity1 and 20 known @entity1577 @entity1 . RESULTS: The analytical coefficient of variation (CV(A)) was 1.15% for the high-level control material, with a value of 123 mmol/L, and 1.32% for the normal-level control material with a value of 40 mmoL/L. The within-subject (CV) and between-subject (CV(G)) biological variations were 12.0% and 30.0%, respectively, for healthy controls; 18% and 20% for healthy @entity1 ; and 7.3% and 6.5% for @entity1577 @entity1 , respectively. Using the CV(A), CV(G) and CV(I), the 95% reference ranges were determined for the above-mentioned three groups. The calculated 95% ranges for the healthy babies and @entity1577 @entity1 were 18-60 mmoL/L and 96-144 mmoL/L. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support a decision level of > 60 mmoL/L for confirmatory @entity1577 testing. A lower decision level will result in an unacceptable high rate of unnecessary confirmation testing.

title: Biological variation in sweat XXXX conductivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity2827 :: (MESH:D012965,Chemical) :: ['sodium chloride']


abstract: @entity900 in combination with @entity7324 has been widely used for the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), producing an overall response rate of 32%. We conducted a phase II study to examine whether the addition of @entity3003 to the combination of @entity900 and @entity7324 would improve the antitumor activity of the two @entity902 agents in advanced @entity1149 without increasing their @entity137 . @entity3003 (240 mg/m2) and @entity7324 (3 mg/m2) were given intravenously on day 1 and @entity900 (60 mg/m2) and @entity7324 (3 mg/m2), on day 8. Of the 40 evaluable @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 , 12 showed a partial response, for an overall response rate of 30% (95% confidence interval, 17%-47%). The median duration of response was 12 weeks, and the median survival duration for all @entity1 was 38 weeks. The major @entity137 was hematologic: @entity1431 (WHO grade > or = 3) was observed in 21 @entity1 (53%) and @entity417 (WHO grade > or = 3), in 13 @entity1 (33%). However, @entity882 was mild and WHO grade 3 @entity137 was observed in only 4 @entity1 (10%). @entity137 consisted mainly of WHO grade > or = 2 @entity390 and @entity391 in 16 @entity1 (40%) and WHO grade > or = 2 alopecia in 11 @entity1 (28%). No significant nephrotoxicity or @entity2359 was seen. Our findings indicate that the addition of @entity3003 to the combination of @entity900 and @entity7324 does not improve antitumor activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: Phase II study of @entity3003 , XXXX , and @entity7324 in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Nonhematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']