abstract: Gender-associated differences in pathophysiology and treatment of disease are an evolving area in @entity1 medicine that should be addressed in animal models. The aim of this study was to characterize gender differences in metabolic parameters of G  ttingen minipigs and to determine which gender has the metabolic profile that is most appropriate as a model for @entity1 @entity209 . Blood samples were collected from fasted, lean male and female G  ttingen minipigs at 8 wk and 8 mo of age. Samples were analyzed for @entity413 , @entity9208 , insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, @entity1674 , total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-c), free @entity1718 , leptin, @entity251 , and @entity53 . Insulin sensitivity and beta cell function were estimated by homeostasis model assessment and degree of @entity28 by measuring the abdominal circumference. Male minipigs had higher concentrations of both @entity251 and @entity53 . Female minipigs had a larger abdominal circumference and higher concentrations of C-peptide, insulin, @entity412 , total @entity165 , HDL-c and leptin but a lower concentration of free @entity1718 and lower HDL-c:total @entity165 ratio. Compared with male minipigs, female minipigs were more insulin-resistant and had a higher beta-cell function. No gender-associated differences were found in any of the other investigated parameters. In conclusion, female minipigs were more @entity28 and insulin-resistant and had a more atherogenic plasma profile than did their male counterparts and therefore may be better models for @entity209 . Their high concentrations of both @entity251 and @entity53 may protect male minipigs from @entity28 and metabolic disturbances.

title: Gender-associated differences in XXXX -related parameters in G  ttingen minipigs.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the time course of plasma concentrations of @entity3303 and @entity1341 associated with hyaluronidase for peribulbar block. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 (mean age = 71 +/- 11 yrs, mean weight 63 +/- 10 kg) scheduled for @entity231 surgery with lens implantation. METHOD: @entity3303 2% (5.5 mL = 110 mg) and @entity1341 0.5% (5.5 mL = 27.5 mg) associated with hyaluronidase (80 IU) were injected supra and infra-orbitally, in @entity1 premedicated with @entity1363 . Blood samples wer0 collected at constant time intervals from the end of infiltration until the 6th hour. The plasma concentrations of local anesthetics were measured with the HPLC technique. RESULTS: The median plasma peak concentration was 1.74 mg.L-1 after 10 min for @entity3303 , and 0.52 mg.L-1 after 7.5 min for @entity1341 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The similar delays of occurrence of peak concentrations confirm that liposolubility is not the only factor of diffusion of local anaesthetics from the periocular fat into the blood stream. The peak concentrations are far below the alleged toxic concentrations. When associated with hyaluronidase, the peak concentrations occur as rapidly as after endotracheal or paracervical administration.

title: [Pharmacokinetics of @entity3303 and XXXX after peribulbar block with additional hyaluronidase].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: @entity7860 ( @entity7860 ) antigens, protein components reactive with @entity1 autoantibodies against @entity631 ( @entity631 ), were identified in @entity1 @entity133 membrane (ABM) using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. All six anti- @entity631 antisera studied, three obtained from @entity1 with @entity631 and @entity548 (i.e. @entity7860 ), and three from @entity1 with @entity631 alone, distinctively reacted with collagenase-digested (CD) ABM. Very cationic 22-28 kD and 40-48 kD components were detected by blot analysis combined with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These proteins showed some similarities to @entity7860 antigens in @entity1 @entity631 with respect to the monomer-dimer composition and charge distribution. Inhibition ELISA revealed that the binding of anti- @entity631 antisera to CDGBM decreased when they were pre-incubated with CDABM, suggesting that the anti- @entity631 antisera recognized the same epitope(s) on the @entity631 and ABM. Heterogeneity of the @entity7860 antigens in @entity1 ABM was demonstrated by blotting; monomeric antigens were absent or at low levels in the CDABM of three out of 10 normal individuals. In immunoprecipitation, anti- @entity631 antisera from @entity1 with and without @entity548 showed different reactivities with CDABM. The former antisera precipitated both monomeric and dimeric components, but the latter did not. The observations of variation in monomer-dimer composition of ABM, and the different binding of anti- @entity631 antisera to it may explain why only some patients with anti- @entity631 @entity1310 have lung involvement.

title: Identification of @entity7860 antigens in @entity1 XXXX membrane.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary haemorrhages', 'pulmonary haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar basement']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['GP', 'Goodpasture', 'GP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'glomerulonephritis', 'GBM']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['alveolar basement']


abstract: This article describes the clinical application of gene therapy to a nonlethal disease, @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Intraarticular transfer of @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) cDNA reduces disease in animal models of @entity309 . Whether this procedure is safe and feasible in @entity1 was addressed in a phase I clinical study involving nine postmenopausal @entity1 with advanced @entity309 who required unilateral sialastic implant arthroplasty of the 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Cultures of autologous synovial fibroblasts were established and divided into two. One was transduced with a retrovirus carrying @entity1193 cDNA; the other provided untransduced, control cells. In a dose escalation, double-blinded fashion, two MCP joints were injected with transduced cells, and two MCP joints received control cells. One week later, injected joints were resected and examined for evidence of successful gene transfer and expression by using RT-PCR, ex vivo production of @entity1193 , in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. All subjects tolerated the protocol well, without adverse events. Unlike control joints, those receiving transduced cells gave positive RT-PCR signals. Synovia that were recovered from the MCP joints of intermediate and high dose subjects produced elevated amounts of @entity1193 (P = 0.01). Clusters of cells expressing high levels of @entity1193 were present on synovia of transduced joints. No adverse events occurred. Thus, it is possible to transfer a potentially therapeutic gene safely to @entity1 @entity309 and to obtain intraarticular, transgene expression. This conclusion justifies additional efficacy studies and encourages further development of genetic approaches to the treatment of @entity625 and @entity74 .

title: Gene transfer to XXXX joints: progress toward a gene therapy of @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist', 'IL-1Ra']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid joints', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The pili of @entity14273 are assembled during swarmer cell development at the differentiating cell pole. Under specific growth conditions, it was found that @entity14274 will produce insoluble pigmented granules which entrap pili lost during cell growth along with other extracellular proteins. This provided a strategy for protein purification. Pilin was purified from these granules by gel filtration in the presence of high levels of detergent. A protein of the appropriate molecular weight for pilin was isolated by this procedure and demonstrated to be pilin by specific labeling of the intact pilus with ferritin-coupled antibodies. @entity14274 pilin has an apparent molecular weight of 8,000, is rich in hydrophobic @entity1522 (greater than 70%), and has a broad isoelectric focusing range centered about a pI of 6.6. Periodic acid- @entity9376 staining did not demonstrate @entity1735 modification of the monomer. The pilins of both @entity14274 and a related strain CB13 cross-react with anti- @entity14274 pilin antibody. Both strains also demonstrate similar RNA bacteriophage sensitivity, although there were significant differences in the @entity535 composition, molecular weight, and other physical properties of the pilins from these two related strains. The @entity2733 -terminal @entity535 sequence of about 40% of the @entity14274 pilin molecular has been determined and bears some resemblance to that of some common pili; however, the sequences are not homologous and there is no indications of an unusual @entity2733 -terminal @entity535 in @entity14274 pilin.

title: @entity14273 pilin. Purification, chemical characterization, and XXXX -terminal @entity535 sequence of a structural protein regulated during development.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity9376 :: ('MESH:C476677', 'Chemical') :: ['Schiff reagent']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity14273 :: ('155892', 'Species') :: ['Caulobacter crescentus']

entities_list: @entity14274 :: ('190650', 'Species') :: ['CB15', 'Caulobacter', 'C. crescentus CB15']

answer: @entity2733 :: (CHEBI:29345,Chemical) :: ['NH2']


abstract: @entity5984 is an @entity5985 protein serving as an electron transport intermediate for two mitochondrial steroidogenic cytochromes P450. We have cloned and sequenced three @entity1 adrenal adrenodoxin cDNAs. The longest 5'-untranslated region was 131 bases long, and the coding sequences, identical in all three clones, predict a preprotein of 180 @entity1522 . The 3'-untranslated regions were 235, 596, and 776 bases long due to the presence of alternate polyadenylation sites. RNA transfer blots showed multiple size species of adrenodoxin mRNA consistent with finding multiple polyadenylation sites. Similar sized cross-hybridizing RNA species are found abundantly in the adrenal and testis and to a lesser degree in RNA from @entity1 fetal brain, spleen, placenta, kidney, liver, and intestine, as well as in cultured fibroblasts, suggesting the same or a very similar @entity5985 protein is found in mitochondria of nonsteroidogenic tissues. JEG-3 cells, a transformed @entity1420 -producing line of trophoblastic origin, accumulate mRNAs for @entity5986 (the mitochondrial @entity165 side-chain cleavage enzyme), adrenodoxin, and the fos oncogene when stimulated with @entity5987 . Addition of @entity4316 to such cultures blocked @entity268 -induced accumulation of mRNAs for @entity5986 and adrenodoxin. Addition of @entity1880 or @entity5808 to such cultures substantially reduced basal levels and markedly attenuated the @entity268 -induced accumulation of @entity5986 mRNA, but augmented the accumulation of adrenodoxin and fos mRNAs in additive and multiplicative fashions, respectively. These data indicate that the @entity268 -induced synthesis of the steroidogenic machinery is not wholly dependent on @entity1880 -sensitive protein mediators.

title: XXXX adrenodoxin: cloning of three cDNAs and @entity1880 enhancement in JEG-3 cells.

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity5987 :: ('MESH:D015124', 'Chemical') :: ['8-bromo-cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity5985 :: ('CHEBI:30408', 'Chemical') :: ['iron-sulfur']

entities_list: @entity5984 :: ('CHEBI:48962', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenodoxin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1204 @entity1 with high grade @entity5 , deep myometrial invasion or advanced stage disease have a poor prognosis. Randomised studies have demonstrated the prevention of loco-regional relapses with radiotherapy (RT) with no effect on overall survival (OS). The possible additive effect of chemotherapy (CT) remains unclear. Two randomised clinical trials (NSGO-EC-9501/EORTC-55991 and MaNGO ILIADE-III) were undertaken to clarify if sequential combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy improves progression-free survival (PFS) in high-risk @entity1204 . The two studies were pooled. METHODS: @entity1 (n=540; 534 evaluable) with operated @entity1204 International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (FIGO) stage I-III with no @entity5 and prognostic factors implying high-risk were randomly allocated to adjuvant radiotherapy with or without sequential chemotherapy. RESULTS: In the NSGO/EORTC study, the combined modality treatment was associated with 36% reduction in the risk for relapse or @entity204 (hazard ratio (HR) 0.64, 95%confidence interval (CI) 0.41-0.99; P=0.04); two-sided tests were used. The result from the Gynaecologic Oncology group at the Mario Negri Institute (MaNGO)-study pointed in the same direction (HR 0.61), but was not significant. In the combined analysis, the estimate of risk for relapse or @entity204 was similar but with narrower confidence limits (HR 0.63, CI 0.44-0.89; P=0.009). Neither study showed significant differences in the overall survival. In the combined analysis, overall survival approached statistical significance (HR 0.69, CI 0.46-1.03; P=0.07) and @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) was significant (HR 0.55, CI 0.35-0.88; P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Addition of adjuvant chemotherapy to radiation improves progression-free survival in operated @entity1204 @entity1 with no @entity5 and a high-risk profile. A remaining question for future studies is if addition of radiotherapy to chemotherapy improves the results.

title: Sequential adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in XXXX --results from two randomised studies.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity674 are rare neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. These lesions are characterized by different levels of @entity5 . Only radical surgery offers a chance of curing the disease. The aim of this study is to present the results of @entity674 treatment with minimally invasive surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 27 @entity1 operated laparoscopically on for @entity674 with laparoscopic surgery between September 2009 and December 2013. The most common location of the @entity5 was the stomach (21 @entity1 , 77.8%) and the small intestine (4 @entity1 , 14.8%). We analyzed early surgery results, the number and character of complications, lengths of hospital stays, histological types of the removed @entity5 , and long-term results of treatment. RESULTS: There was no need for conversion to open surgery in any @entity1 from the study group. Post-surgery complications occurred in 2 @entity1 (7.4%). The median duration of the hospital stay was 4.5 days; none of the @entity1 had to be readmitted to the hospital in the first 30   days after the procedure. In 26 out of 27 @entity1 , microscopic examination confirmed the radicality of the surgical procedure (R0 resection). The mean size of the removed lesions was 4.1   cm. Using the Joensuu @entity5 classification model, it was established that in 6 (22.2%) @entity1 @entity674 was characterized by a very low level of @entity5 , in 11 @entity1 (40.7%) a low level, in 4 (14.9%) a medium level, and in 6 (22.2%) a high level. The average duration of follow-up was 13   months. During the observation period, there was no recurrence of the disease. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of @entity674 is possible and allows for satisfactory results both in terms of the postoperative course and the oncological quality of the procedure.

title: Laparoscopic Surgery In The Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: High-dose @entity2879 was incorporated into a regimen of fractionated @entity348 (FTBI) and high-dose @entity786 before autologous transplant with the goal to enhance the antitumor effect of the myeloablative regimen in poor-risk lymphoid @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 , 24 with recurrent or @entity978 and 72 with poor-risk @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), were treated on this study. Cytoreduction with conventional therapy was attempted before administration of the preparatory regimen. The preparatory regimen consisted of 12 Gy @entity348 administered in 10 1.2-Gy fractions on day -8 through day -5, @entity2879 60 mg/kg on day -4, and @entity786 100 mg/kg on day -2. @entity1 with @entity1893 received bone marrow purged with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and complement on day 0, while @entity1 with @entity978 received peripheral-blood stem cells alone or with unmanipulated bone marrow. RESULTS: The major morbidities of transplant were @entity33 and @entity137 . Eight @entity1 (8.6%) died of regimen-related @entity137 within 100 days of transplant. Engraftment was related to the rescue product; the median time to a neutrophil count more than 500/microL was 10 days for @entity1 with @entity978 and 16 days for @entity1893 @entity1 . With a maximum follow-up duration of longer than 5 years, the 3-year actuarial survival rate is 57%. At 3 years, the actuarial freedom from progression (FFP) rate is 55% and the event-free survival rate is 47% for @entity1 with @entity978 , while the respective figures for @entity1893 @entity1 are 60% and 53%. Among 32 @entity1 with intermediate- and high-grade @entity706 transplanted subsequent to first relapse, 70% are free of @entity706 and 60% are event-free at > or = 3 years. CONCLUSION: The preparatory regimen consisting of FTBI, @entity2879 , and @entity786 demonstrates relative efficacy in @entity1 with @entity978 and @entity1893 selected for high-dose therapy. Longer follow-up duration is needed to determine the rate of cure and to assess late complications. Major remaining challenges for high-dose therapy are a more inclusive strategy for all poor-risk @entity1 and the need to reduce posttransplant relapses.

title: Fractionated @entity348 , @entity2879 , and XXXX plus autografting in @entity978 and @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease", "refractory Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with severe @entity309 who are treated with @entity1499 frequently have only partial improvement. METHODS: In a six-month randomized, double-blind trial, we compared combination therapy with @entity205 (2.5 to 5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day in two divided doses at 12-hour intervals) and @entity1499 (at the maximal tolerated dose) with @entity1499 and placebo in 148 @entity1 with @entity309 who had residual @entity32 and disability despite partial but substantial responses to prior @entity1499 treatment. The primary outcome measure was the change in the number of @entity2720 . RESULTS: The mean (+/- SD) dose of @entity205 at the final treatment was 2.97 +/- 1.02 mg per kilogram per day. As compared with the placebo group, the @entity1 in the treatment group had a net improvement in the tender-joint count of 25 percent, or 4.8 joints (95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 8.9; P = 0.02), and in the swollen-joint count of 25 percent, or 3.8 joints (95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 6.3; P = 0.005); improvement in overall disease activity as assessed by the physician (19 percent, P < 0.001) and the @entity1 (21 percent, P < 0.001); and improvement in joint @entity158 (23 percent, P = 0.04) and in the degree of disability (26 percent, P < 0.001). The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased by 4.2 mm per hour in the @entity205 group and decreased by 4.8 mm per hour in the placebo group (P = 0.006). Thirty-six @entity1 (48 percent) in the @entity205 group and 12 @entity1 (16 percent) in the placebo group (P < 0.001) met the 1993 criteria for improvement of the American College of Rheumatology (more than 20 percent improvement in the numbers of both swollen and @entity2720 and improvement in three of five other variables). Seventeen @entity1 in the @entity205 group and 12 @entity1 in the placebo group were withdrawn from the study; 2 @entity1 in the @entity205 group died, 1 from @entity5131 and the other in a motor vehicle accident. Serum @entity1011 concentrations increased by a mean of 0.14 +/- 0.27 mg per deciliter (12 +/- 24 mmol per liter) in the @entity205 group and by 0.05 +/- 0.19 mg per deciliter (4 +/- 17 mmol per liter) in the placebo group (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In a six-month study, @entity1 with severe @entity309 and only partial responses to @entity1499 had clinically important improvement after combination therapy with @entity205 and @entity1499 . Side effects were not substantially increased. Long-term follow-up of @entity1 treated with this combination is needed.

title: Combination therapy with XXXX and @entity1499 in severe @entity309 . The @entity1499 - @entity205 Combination Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5131 :: ('MESH:D011024', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tender joints']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) improves the survival of @entity1 with @entity5 when compared with surgery alone. METHODS: We conducted a phase II, multicenter trial of FOLFOX-4 and cetuximab in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 (LAEC) followed by daily radiotherapy (180   cGy fractions to 5040   cGy) with concurrent weekly cetuximab. Cytokines levels potentially related to cetuximab efficacy were assessed using multiplex-bead assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline, at week 8 and at week 17. Primary end point was complete pathological response rate (pCR). RESULTS: In all, 41 @entity1 were enroled. Among 30 @entity1 who underwent surgery, a pCR was observed in 8 @entity1 corresponding to a rate of 27%. The most frequent grade 3/4 @entity137 was skin (30%) and @entity1398 (30%). The 36-month survival rates were 85 and 52% in @entity1 with pathological CR or PR vs 38 and 33% in @entity1 with @entity168 or @entity1726 . CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating cetuximab into a preoperative regimen for LAEC is feasible; no correlation between cytokines changes and @entity1 outcome was observed. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography study even if influenced by the small number of @entity1 appears to be able to predict @entity1 outcome both as early and late metabolic response.

title: A multicenter phase II study of induction chemotherapy with FOLFOX-4 and cetuximab followed by radiation and cetuximab in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Obesity is a risk factor for @entity260 in surgery. In a retrospective study we investigated the course of body weight during the waiting period and the first postoperative year and the influence of @entity28 on graft function. @entity1 AND METHOD: The medical records of 334 adult @entity1 undergoing cadaveric kidney transplantation between 1986 and 1992 were reviewed. Immunosuppression was performed with @entity205 and @entity229 . For all @entity1 the Broca index was calculated with the relative body weight by the formula: body weight/Broca index x 100 (% BI). Obesity was defined as relative body weight > or = 120% BI. RESULTS: At the time of the indication for kidney transplantation 15.3% of the @entity1 were @entity28 . Only 12 of these 51 @entity28 @entity1 reduced their body weight below 120% BI until transplantation, whereas 25 @entity1 increased weight in excess of 120% BI. Thus the number of @entity28 @entity1 raised to 19.2% by the time of transplantation. The graft survival in the @entity28 group was significantly lower than in the nonobese group. This difference appeared already in the first half year after transplantation being constant in the following time. The resulting 1-year graft survival was 82.8% and 91.4% respectively (p < 0.05). During the first year 59 @entity1 more became @entity28 , the percentage of @entity28 raised up to 36.0%. One year after transplantation there was no longer significant difference of graft survival rate in the further follow-up between @entity28 and nonobese @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our findings show, that @entity28 is an important risk factor for early graft loss. Therefore all participating physicians assume a great responsibility for the pre-operative treatment during the waiting time.

title: [The effect of XXXX on outcome of kidney transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: A prerequisite for @entity11621 to cause both intestinal and @entity262 is the direct injection of effector proteins into host intestinal epithelial cells via a type three secretion system (T3SS); the T3SS genes are carried on @entity2491 pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). These effector proteins induce @entity3 . Expression of the SPI1 T3SS is tightly regulated in response to environmental signals through a variety of global regulatory systems. We have previously shown that three AraC-like regulators, HilD, HilC, and RtsA, act in a complex feed-forward regulatory loop to control the expression of the hilA gene, which encodes the direct regulator of the SPI1 structural genes. In this work, we characterize a major positive regulator of this system, the flagellar protein FliZ. Through genetic and biochemical analyses, we show that FliZ posttranslationally controls HilD to positively regulate hilA expression. This mechanism is independent of other flagellar components and is not mediated through the negative regulator HilE or through FliZ-mediated RpoS regulation. We demonstrate that FliZ controls HilD protein activity and not stability. FliZ regulates HilD in the absence of Lon protease, previously shown to degrade HilD. Indeed, it appears that FliZ, rather than HilD, is the most relevant target of Lon as it relates to SPI1 expression. Mutants lacking FliZ are significantly attenuated in their ability to colonize the intestine but are unaffected during @entity281 . The intestinal attenuation is partially dependent on SPI1, but FliZ has additional pleiotropic effects.

title: FliZ regulates expression of the @entity2491 pathogenicity island 1 invasion locus by controlling HilD protein activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diarrhea and bacterial invasion']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium']


abstract: 1. The equilibrium relationship between @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) concentration and response (fraction of channels open), corrected for the effects of desensitization, has been estimated by single-ion-channel recording at the adult frog skeletal neuromuscular junction. At high @entity1617 concentration channel openings occur in well-defined clusters separated by long desensitized intervals. The response, po, was estimated as the proportion of time for which a single channel was open during a cluster. 2. At negative membrane potential (-120 mV) po reached a maximum value of 0.9 at 100 microM- @entity1617 and was half-maximum at 15 microM with a Hill slope of 1.6 at this point. At concentrations higher than 200 microM- @entity1617 , po declined as a result of open-channel block by free @entity1617 itself. 3. At positive membrane potentials (+100 mV) there was little channel block by @entity1617 ; po reached a maximum value of 0.41 at 500 microM- @entity1617 , with half-maximum activation at 50 microM and Hill slope of 1.2 at this point. 4. Particular mechanisms for channel activation by @entity1617 were fitted to the data by the method of least squares. Fits were fully determinate only if the two binding sites for @entity1617 were assumed to be equivalent with no co-operativity in the @entity1617 binding reactions. At negative potential the microscopic equilibrium constant for binding was K1 = K2 = 77 microM and the equilibrium constant for channel opening (opening/closing rates, beta/alpha) was 32. At positive potential the affinity was slightly higher, K = 32 microM, which confirms the view that the binding sites for @entity1617 are outside the membrane electric field. The equilibrium constant for channel opening was reduced to 0.7 mainly as a result of the much shorter open lifetime (increased closing rate alpha) at positive potentials. 5. The data were also fitted well by very high values of beta/alpha together with a high degree of negative co-operativity or non-equivalence in @entity1617 binding affinity (K2 much greater than K1). A good fit could also be obtained with moderate positive co-operativity combined with non-equivalence of the binding sites. 6. A mechanism that postulates a receptor with two independent gating subunits provided a poor fit to the data at negative potential. 7. The rate constants for channel opening and @entity1617 dissociation were estimated by constraining the fitted parameters so that the burst length for channel opening was equal to its observed value at low concentrations of @entity1617 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Activation of ion channels in the frog end-plate by high concentrations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity26 cost of transport per unit distance (CoT; mL  kg-1  km-1) shows a U-shaped curve as a function of walking speed (v), which includes a particular walking speed minimizing the CoT, so called economical speed (ES). The CoT-v relationship in running is approximately linear. These distinctive walking and running CoT-v relationships give an intersection between U-shaped and linear CoT relationships, termed the energetically optimal transition speed (EOTS). This study investigated the effects of subtracting the standing @entity26 cost for calculating the CoT and its relevant effects on the ES and EOTS at the level and gradient slopes (  5%) in eleven male trained athletes. The percent effects of subtracting the standing @entity26 cost (4.8    0.4 mL  kg-1  @entity1009 ) on the CoT were significantly greater as the walking speed was slower, but it was not significant at faster running speeds over 9.4 km  @entity7285 . The percent effect was significantly dependent on the gradient (downhill > level > uphill, P < 0.001). The net ES (level 4.09    0.31, uphill 4.22    0.37, and downhill 4.16    0.44 km  @entity7285 ) was approximately 20% slower than the gross ES (level 5.15    0.18, uphill 5.27    0.20, and downhill 5.37    0.22 km  @entity7285 , P < 0.001). Both net and gross ES were not significantly dependent on the gradient. In contrast, the gross EOTS was slower than the net EOTS at the level (7.49    0.32 vs. 7.63    0.36 km  @entity7285 , P = 0.003) and downhill gradients (7.78    0.33 vs. 8.01    0.41 km  @entity7285 , P < 0.001), but not at the uphill gradient (7.55    0.37 vs. 7.63    0.51 km  @entity7285 , P = 0.080). Note that those percent differences were less than 2.9%. Given these results, a subtraction of the standing @entity26 cost should be carefully considered depending on the purpose of each study.

title: Economical Speed and Energetically Optimal Transition Speed Evaluated by Gross and Net XXXX Cost of Transport at Different Gradients.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: @entity2520 is characterized by acute progressive lesions of gingival connective tissues, excessive leukocyte infiltration, and occurrence of a characteristic microflora. A variety of proteolytic enzymes derived from oral bacteria and host cells are found in gingival crevices and thought to play an important role in the onset and development of @entity2520 . The anaerobic bacterium @entity2523 has been implicated in the etiology of the disease. Recently, we have purified a novel @entity369 -specific @entity462 proteinase, termed "argingipain", from the culture supernatant of the organism. The enzyme was shown to have two important abilities related to the virulence of the organism. One is direct association with periodontal tissue breakdown through its abilities to degrade physiologically important proteins such as @entity1 collagens (type I and IV) and to evade inactivation by internal protease inhibitors. The other is associated with disruption of the normal host defense mechanisms through its abilities to degrade immunoglobulins and to inhibit the bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The virulence of argingipain was further substantiated by disruption of argingipain-encoding genes on the chromosome by use of suicide plasmid systems. On the other hand, we have studied roles of host cell-derived proteinases in the periodontal tissue breakdown. Levels of lysosomal proteinases such as cathepsins B, H, L, G and @entity11891 were determined in gingival crevicular fluid from @entity2521 @entity1 and experimental @entity2522 subjects by activity measurement and sensitive immunoassay. The results suggested that all of these enzymes would be involved in the development of both @entity2522 and @entity2521 .

title: [Studies on periodontal pathogenic proteinases from XXXX and host cells].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['progressive periodontal disease', 'Progressive periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']


abstract: One hundred and sixteen cases of @entity43 from 6 hospitals in China were investigated for their lymph node @entity3 from September, 1982 to April 1991. Of them, 70 had @entity5 , 36 @entity2971 , 8 @entity444 , and 2 undifferentiated @entity5 . @entity43 confined to one ovary (stage Ia) in 89 @entity1 , both ovaries involved (stage IIb) in 6, and documented stage Ic in 21. Systemic lymphadenectomy involving all pelvic groups of node together with aortic lymph node was accomplished in 82 @entity1 . In the remaining 34 @entity1 , pelvic lymph node dissection was performed. The incidence of lymphatic @entity3 was 10.3% in this series. @entity19862 was the most common lesion. All @entity1 were followed up for at least half year. The mortality rate in @entity1 with and without lymph node @entity3 was 8.3% and 2.8% respectively. The clinical significance of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in early @entity43 was discussed.

title: Lymph node @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage I ovarian cancer', 'ovarian carcinoma', 'Ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumor']

entities_list: @entity19862 :: ('MESH:D018284', 'Disease') :: ['Serous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal stroma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['stage I ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: @entity106 (195 nmol/50 microliters of @entity1324 /animal) was applied topically over the dorsal skin of the @entity19 and @entity5 were promoted by repeated applications of croton oil (1% in @entity1324 , three times per week) after two weeks of @entity106 application. @entity272 appeared in 100% animals in control as well as in groups treated orally with Liv. 52 at post-initiational stages and continuously at peri-initiational and post-initiational stages of papillomagenesis. When Liv. 52 was given orally at the peri-initiational stage of papillomagenesis, the percentage of @entity19 @entity5 was 75% and the @entity5 mean per @entity19 was reduced to 4.0 +/- 1.63 as compared to 7.5 +/- 3.54 in the control group after 15 weeks of observation. The @entity5 mean per @entity19 was observed to be 4.75 +/- 0.55 and 2.5 +/- 0.57 in the groups treated orally with Liv. 52 at the post-initiational stages and continuously at peri-initiational and post-initiational stages of papillomagenesis respectively. Similarly, the cumulative number of @entity1185 after 15 weeks was 30 in the control group, which was reduced to 10 in the animals treated with Liv. 52 continuously at peri-initiational and post-initiational stages. The cumulative number of @entity1185 was also reduced to 16 and 19 in animals treated with Liv. 52 at peri-initiational and post-initiational stages, respectively.

title: Chemopreventive action of Liv. 52 on @entity106 -induced papillomagenesis in skin of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'bearing tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin papillomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to validate the IMPACT (International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in @entity131 ) model in a Spanish cohort of @entity1 with moderate-severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). SETTING: Two level I neurotrauma centers. @entity1 : @entity1 admitted to these hospitals between 2011 and 2014 with a diagnosis of @entity131 and a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 12 or less. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. MAIN MEASURES: We collected prospectively the clinical variables included in the IMPACT models. Outcome evaluation was prospectively done at 6-month follow-up according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS: A total of 290 @entity1 were included in the study. Forty-seven @entity1 (16.2%) died within 6 months post- @entity131 , and 74 @entity1 (25.5%) had an unfavorable outcome. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test revealed that there was no difference between observed and predicted outcomes; hence, the 3 models displayed adequate calibration for predicting 6-month mortality or unfavorable outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the 3 models (Core, Extended, and Lab) could accurately discriminate between favorable and unfavorable outcomes, as well as between survival and mortality (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The IMPACT model validates prediction of 6-month outcomes in a Spanish population of moderate-severe @entity131 . IMPACT Lab model is the one that presents a higher discriminative capacity. These results encourage the implementation of the IMPACT model as a prognostic tool in the management of @entity1 with @entity131 .

title: IMPACT Score for XXXX : Validation of the Prognostic Tool in a Spanish Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3181 is a low-prevalence, @entity74 characterized by @entity3181 at the hepatic venules, the large hepatic veins, the inferior vena cava, or the right atrium. Orthotopic liver transplant should be considered for @entity1 with fulminant and chronic forms of the syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 received 15 orthotropic liver transplants at our center from September 2006 to March 2013. This study retrospectively reviewed the prospectively collected data from these 14 @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 33 years; only 1 @entity1 was female. The severity of @entity409 was @entity1 -Pugh score A in 1 @entity1 , B in 4 @entity1 , and C in 9 @entity1 . Mean calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was 18 (range, 6-30). The cause of @entity3181 was factor 5 Leiden mutation in 3 @entity1 , @entity6582 vera in 2 @entity1 , @entity8876 deficiency in 1 @entity1 , fulminant @entity1148 in 1 @entity1 , and @entity7131 in 2 @entity1 . We performed 15 transplants in 14 @entity1 . Five grafts were obtained from deceased donors, and 10 grafts were from living-related donors. Mean graft-to-recipient weight ratio was 1,12 for @entity1 receiving a living-donor liver transplant. Median follow-up was 29 months. @entity1 survival rates were 87%, 71%, and 71% at 1, 3, and 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplant is an option for treating @entity3181 in cases of fulminant presentation and @entity82 . Living-donor liver transplant is a viable choice in countries where procuring organ donations is still a problem. To manage the long-term medical therapy and follow-up for these @entity1 , a careful evaluation is necessary to determine the cause of @entity3181 . Anticoagulant and antiaggregant therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for this syndrome.

title: Orthotopic Liver Transplant for XXXX : An Analysis of 14 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['life-threatening disorder']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic venous outflow obstruction', 'Budd-Chiari syndrome']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare random urine albumin- @entity1011 ratio (ACR) with timed urine albumin excretion rate (AER) in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: A total of 1186 @entity1 in the @entity6 Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of @entity6 Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study provided spot urine specimens concurrent with 4-hour timed urine collections. ACR and AER were compared using Bland-Altman plots, cross-classification of @entity633 status and its change over time, and within- @entity1 variability. RESULTS: Despite moderate correlation (r=0.62), ACR levels (mg/g) were lower than AER levels (mg/24 hr). This difference was greatest for @entity1 . Gender-specific estimated AER (eAER) values were empirically derived from ACR. Comparing the eAER with measured AER, agreement of prevalent microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria classification was fair to moderate, and classification of change in @entity633 status over time was different. Intraclass correlations were 0.697 for ACR and 0.803 for AER. Effects of DCCT intensive versus conventional @entity6 therapy on urine albumin excretion or classification of @entity633 were similar using the eAER versus measured AER, as were the effects of the previous glycosylated hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic differences exist between urine ACR and AER, related to gender and other determinants of muscle mass. Use of ACR (or eAER) versus AER yields differences in classification of prevalent @entity633 states and changes in @entity633 states over time. These findings support the use of consistent ascertainment methods over time and further efforts to standardize and optimally interpret measurement of urine albumin excretion.

title: Comparison of urinary albumin- @entity1011 ratio and albumin excretion rate in the XXXX Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of @entity6 Interventions and Complications study.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Acute @entity651 is associated with a marked increase in the number of granulocytes in the alveoli and microvasculature of the lung. @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) causes granulocytes to adhere, aggregate, and release @entity26 radicals and granular enzymes. We found that intravenously injected @entity4515 caused a protein-rich @entity4 in lungs of control @entity95 but not in granulocytopenic @entity95 pretreated with @entity1568 mustard. Specifically, control @entity95 treated with @entity4515 had higher lung weight to body weight ratios (6.4 +/- 1.0 X 10(-3)) and lung lavage albumin concentrations (190 +/- 44 mg/dl) than granulocytopenic @entity95 pretreated with @entity1568 mustard and then given @entity4515 (4.74 +/- 0.23 X 10(-3) and 9.9 +/- 3.8 mg/dl, respectively). To further clarify the role of granulocytes in the production of @entity4 , additional experiments were conducted in an isolated perfused @entity95 lung. Addition of purified granulocytes and @entity4515 to the balanced salt perfusate caused @entity4 , whereas neither granulocytes nor @entity4515 alone caused @entity4 . Specifically, increases in lung weights (42 +/- 9.2 g) and albumin concentrations (1,182 +/- mg/dl) in lung lavages from @entity358 exposed to granulocytes and @entity4515 were greater than increases in lung weights or albumin concentrations in lung lavages from @entity358 exposed to granulocytes alone (2.0 +/- 0.4 g and 15 +/- 0.6 mg/dl), or to @entity4515 alone (6.0 +/- 0.6 g and 81 +/- 34 mg/dl). To determine the contribution of @entity26 radicals to the pathogenesis of the @entity4 , @entity1117 granulocytes, which are deficient in @entity26 radical production, were added to the isolated lung perfusate. @entity1117 granulocytes and @entity4515 did not cause @entity4 in @entity358 (delta lung weight 1.0 +/- 0.2 g and lavage albumin 12 +/- 5.0 mg/dl) whereas granulocytes from normal @entity1 subjects and @entity4515 did (delta lung weight 43 +/- 5.2 g and lavage albumin 1,120 +/- 54 mg/dl). These data suggest that @entity26 radicals released from stimulated granulocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of acute @entity651 .

title: Granulocytes mediate acute XXXX in @entity95 and in isolated @entity95 lungs perfused with @entity4514 : role of @entity26 radicals.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lung edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['edematous lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['isolated lungs']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic granulomatous disease', 'chronic granulomatous disease']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['edematous lung injury']


abstract: Transgenic @entity95 expressing loss-of-function pore mutants of the @entity1 gene @entity9677 (K(v) @entity9677 - @entity23091 ) have a @entity9677 ( @entity9677 ) phenotype. We evaluated for the first time the effect of @entity7976 , an opener of @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels, and of @entity3044 on cardiac action potential duration and heart rate dependent dispersion of repolarisation in transgenic @entity9677 @entity95 . In vivo @entity9677 and littermate control were subjected to transvenous electrophysiological studies; in vitro monophasic action potentials were recorded from explanted Langendorff-perfused hearts. In vivo ventricular effective refractory periods (VERP) at the right ventricular base were significantly prolonged in @entity9677 as compared to littermate control, resulting in a more pronounced VERP dispersion in @entity9677 . This difference in VERP dispersion between @entity9677 and littermate control disappeared after infusion of @entity7976 . In vitro, mean action potential durations (APD(75) and APD(90)) of @entity9677 were significantly prolonged compared to littermate control at baseline. @entity7976 decreased APD(75) and APD(90) in @entity9677 and littermate control at all stimulated heart rates. After adding @entity7976 , the APD(90) at all hearts rates and the APD(75) at high heart rates were no longer different. Dispersion of repolarisation (   APD(75) and    APD(90)) was heart rate dependently decreased after @entity7976 at all tested stimulation cycle lengths only in @entity9677 . We demonstrated phenotypic differences of @entity9677 and littermate control in vivo and in vitro. @entity7976 20 mol/l improved repolarisation abnormalities and heterogeneities in transgenic @entity9677 @entity95 .

title: XXXX normalizes prolonged repolarisation in the first transgenic @entity95 model with Long-QT syndrome 1 both in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil', 'Nicorandil']

answer: @entity7976 :: (MESH:D020108,Chemical) :: ['Nicorandil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Over the last decade, various groups have proposed prognostic scoring systems for @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) treated with hepatic resection. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the differences between and clinical importance of these prognostic scoring systems and to determine their clinical applicability. METHODS: Relevant articles were reviewed from the published literature using the MEDLINE database. The search was performed using the keywords ' @entity14 ', ' @entity3 ', 'liver resection' and 'hepatectomy'. RESULTS: Twelve prognostic scoring systems were identified from 1996 to 2009. Six of these originated from European institutions, three from Asian and three from North American centres. The median study sample was 288 @entity1 (range 81-1568 @entity1 ) and median follow-up was 35 months (range 16-52 months). All studies were retrospective in nature and the numbers of groups proposed by the various scoring systems ranged from three to six. All the studies used the Cox proportional hazard model for multi-variable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: There is no 'ideal' prognostic scoring system for the clinical management of @entity1 with @entity14 for hepatic resection. These prognostic scoring systems are clinically relevant with respect to survival but have not been used for risk stratification in controversial areas such as the administration of chemotherapy or surveillance programmes.

title: Prognostic scores for XXXX : clinically important or an academic exercise?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CLM', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastasis']


abstract: Angiogenesis plays an important role in normal animal growth and development. This process is also vital for the growth of @entity5 . Angiogenesis inhibitors have a different mechanism of action to traditional chemotherapy agents and radiation therapy. The angiogenesis inhibitors can act synergistically with conventional treatments and tend to have non-overlapping @entity137 . There are four drugs which have a proven role in treating @entity5 @entity1 . Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralizes @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity2240 and @entity2857 inhibit multiple @entity669 kinase receptors that are important for angiogenesis. @entity2816 inhibits the activity of @entity540 ( @entity540 ). The licensed indications and the supporting evidence are discussed. Other drugs are currently being tested in clinical trials and the most promising of these drugs are discussed. Aflibercept, also known as @entity7 -trap, is a recombinant fusion protein that binds to circulating @entity7 . The vascular disrupting agents act by targeting established blood vessels. These exciting new treatments have the potential to transform the management of @entity5 .

title: Anti-angiogenesis therapies: their potential in XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor-2']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity1 with extensive @entity130 frequently require supplemental tube feeds in order to maintain caloric balance. Conventionally, nutrition is supplied via a naso-gastric tube (NGT). However, NGTs cause discomfort and numerous complications have been described, particularly following prolonged use. An alternative route to the gastro-intestinal tract comprises the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) tube. This study describes by means of a retrospective analysis our experiences with the @entity970 tube in comparison with the NGT in a burn centre. Twelve burn @entity1 , including two @entity1 and two @entity1 with @entity137 ( @entity137 ), were treated with a @entity970 tube. We could find no contra-indications to the placement of @entity970 tubes in this group. Placement of the tube through partial or full-thickness burn wounds did not give rise to complications. In a comparable group of 12 consecutive @entity1 who were fed using a NGT, the NGT did give substantial discomfort to the @entity1 and caused complications, especially in the @entity1 with @entity137 . The complications that occurred during the use of a @entity970 tube were mainly caused by the small diameter, single-lumen design. Our experience suggests that the @entity970 tube is preferable to the NGT for @entity1 who require prolonged feeding. For burn @entity1 , modification of the design of the tube to include two exchangeable lumens of sufficient diameter, would improve performance.

title: The use of a XXXX tube in a burn centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries']

answer: @entity970 :: (CHEBI:46793,Chemical) :: ['PEG']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is commonly believed that individuals make choices based upon their preferences and have access to the reasons for their choices. Recent studies in several areas suggest that this is not always the case. In @entity1939 , two-alternative forced-choice in which chosen-options are later replaced by the unselected option, individuals often fail to notice replacement of their chosen option, confabulate explanations for why they chose the unselected option, and even show increased preferences for the unselected-but-replaced options immediately after choice (seconds). Although @entity1939 has been replicated across a variety of domains, there are numerous outstanding questions. Firstly, we sought to investigate how individual- or trial-factors modulated detection of the manipulations. Secondly, we examined the nature and temporal duration (minutes vs. days) of the preference alterations induced by these manipulations. METHODS: @entity1 performed a computerized @entity1939 task, selecting the more attractive face between presented pairs of female faces, and providing a typewritten explanation for their choice on half of the trials. Chosen-face cue manipulations were produced on a subset of trials by presenting the unselected face during the choice explanation as if it had been selected. Following all choice trials, @entity1 rated the attractiveness of each face individually, and rated the similarity of each face pair. After approximately two weeks, @entity1 re-rated the attractiveness of each individual face online. RESULTS: @entity1 detected manipulations on only a small proportion of trials, with detections by fewer than half of @entity1 . Detection rates increased with the number of prior detections, and detection rates subsequent to first detection were modulated by the choice certainty. We show clear short-term modulation of preferences in both manipulated and non-manipulated explanation trials compared to choice-only trials (with opposite directions of effect). Preferences were altered in the direction that subjects were led to believe they selected.

title: Manipulation detection and preference alterations in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['choice blindness', 'choice blindness paradigms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['choice blindness paradigm']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a longer interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery on perioperative morbidity and oncologic outcomes. METHODS: A @entity14 database was queried for clinical stage II and III @entity5 @entity1 undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by proctectomy between 1997 and 2007. The neoadjuvant regimen consisted of long course external beam radiation and @entity1487 chemotherapy. @entity1 with @entity29 , @entity4310 , @entity5 , urgent surgery, or non-validated treatment dates were excluded. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the interval between chemoradiation and surgery (<8 and >=  8 weeks). Perioperative complications and oncologic outcomes were compared. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-seven @entity1 were included. Groups were comparable with respect to demographics, @entity5 , and treatment characteristics. Perioperative complications were not affected by the interval between chemoradiation and surgery. @entity1 undergoing surgery >=  8 weeks after chemoradiation experienced a significant improvement in pathologic complete response rate (30.8% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.03) and had decreased 3-year local recurrence rate (1.2% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.04). A Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the compounding effect of a complete pathologic response on oncologic outcome. A longer interval correlated with less local recurrence, although statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION: An interval between chemoradiation and surgery >=  8 weeks is safe and is associated with a higher rate of pathologic complete response and decreased local recurrence.

title: Neoadjuvant therapy for XXXX : the impact of longer interval between chemoradiation and surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'extracolonic malignancy', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: An analysis of 173 cases of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) admitted to our hospital from January 1973 to January 1983 is presented. Of the 173 cases, 124 @entity1 suffered from @entity1893 of high grade malignancy according to the Kiel classification (37 @entity706 ( @entity706 ), 30 @entity706 ( @entity706 ), 43 @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 14 @entity1893 high grade malignancy unclassifiable). In addition, 26 @entity1 with secondary high grade malignant @entity1893 were included in the analysis (14 secondary @entity706 , 10 secondary @entity706 , 2 secondary @entity981 ). Also investigated were 23 @entity1 with anaplastic @entity706 ( @entity706 ) (20 primary @entity706 , 3 secondary @entity706 ), an entity originally classified as low grade @entity706 , but showing a poor outcome and need for aggressive therapy. Symptoms at presentation of all @entity1 are described. Of the 173 @entity1 , 71% had an advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis (Ann Arbor stage III or IV). @entity1109 were observed in 81%. Extranodal involvement, (exceptive bone @entity236 ), determined by clinical examination was seen in 55%. Survival of @entity1 changed significantly after replacing initial radiotherapy with aggressive chemotherapy (P less than 0.001). Improvement of survival statistics was due to the better outcome of @entity1 with localized stages (Ann Arbor stages I and II) as compared to those with generalized disease (P less than 0.002). Prognostic factors influencing survival were elevation of lactic dehydrogenase (P less than 0.0001) and response to therapy (P less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Progress in the management of high risk XXXX . 10 years of experience of the 3rd Medical Department of Hanusch Hospital, Vienna.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['LB', 'lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['CB', 'CC', 'centrocytic lymphoma', 'centroblastic lymphoma', 'immunoblastic lymphoma', 'IB', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow involvement']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the role of @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the diagnosis of small @entity788 . METHODS: This study involved 31 @entity1 with proven invasive @entity788 . The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups according to the maximum diameter of the @entity5 : TS1 (maximum @entity5 size  <= 2.0 cm), TS2 (> 2.0 cm and  <= 4.0 cm) or TS3-4 (> 4.0 cm). The relationships between the @entity1950 and various diagnostic tools, including FDG-PET with dual time point evaluation, were analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity5 ranged from 1.3 to 11.0 cm in diameter. Thirty of the 31 @entity1 (97%) had a positive FDG-PET study. There were 5 @entity1 classified as TS1, 15 as @entity17228 as TS3-4. The sensitivity of FDG-PET, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were 100%, 40%, 0% in TS1, 93%, 93%, 89% in TS2 and 100%, 100%, 100% in TS3-4. The sensitivity of FDG-PET was significantly higher in comparison to CT and MRI in @entity1 with TS1 (P < 0.032). The mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) did not show a significant difference in relation to the @entity1950 ( @entity8585 , TS2: 5.7    2.2, TS3-4: 8.2    3.9), respectively. All the TS1 @entity5 (from 13 to 20 mm) showed higher SUVs in FDG-PET with dual time point evaluation in the delayed phase compared with the early phase, which suggested the lesions were malignant. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that FDG-PET with dual time point evaluation is a useful modality for the detection of small @entity788 with a diameter of less than 20 mm.

title: XXXX positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of small @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['ductal cancer of the pancreas', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: On 9 August 1979, 62 (30.8%) of 201 workers and one of 60 management personnel in a @entity2634 ( @entity2634 ) fabricating plant developed acute upper and lower respiratory irritation, @entity10 , @entity390 , and fainting. All were taken to hospital; none died. Sixty of the @entity1 were @entity1 . Interviews two weeks later with 57 affected and 14 unaffected workers disclosed that illness had followed exposure to fumes from an overheated (362 degrees C) PVC extruding machine. Fumes were emitted from 1100 until 1150; cases occurred from 1100 until late afternoon. All workers who became ill worked west of the overheated extruder, and the affected manager had visited that area. The earliest cases occurred closest to the machine, and incidence decreased (from 53.3% to 15.4%) with distance westward. This pattern was consistent with plant ventilation. Incidence rates in @entity1 and @entity1 did not differ (p greater than 0.1). At two and 14 weeks, pulmonary function testing of workers with persistent pulmonary symptoms showed @entity854 and in 9 of 11 respectively; the group with persistent symptoms contained an excess of non-smokers and of those with previous @entity1576 . One kilogram of PVC heated to 300 degrees C releases an estimated 12.9 g of @entity5836 ( @entity5828 ) and 4.9 g of @entity1223 (CO). We attributed the outbreak to exposure to toxic @entity5828 and CO and rejected the hypothesis of mass @entity221 .

title: XXXX caused by overheating of @entity2634 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['PVC', 'polyvinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in 13 of 16']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illnesses']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['psychogenic illness']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate knowledge and attitudes about @entity0 risk factors among Latinas, Anglo-American @entity1 , and physicians. DESIGN: Ethnographic interviews employing systematic data collection methods. @entity1 : Twenty-eight Salvadoran immigrants, 39 Mexican immigrants, 27 Chicanas, and 27 Anglo-American @entity1 selected through an organization-based network sampling and a convenience sample of 30 primary care physicians in Orange County, @entity2948 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Data analysis using qualitative content analysis and quantitative cultural consensus analysis, a mathematical technique that determines the degree of shared knowledge within groups and estimates "culturally correct" answers (cultural models), was employed. The content analysis revealed different beliefs about @entity0 risk factors, particularly between the Latinas and the physicians. The cultural consensus analysis found two broad cultural models (defined as groups with ratios between the first and second eigenvalues of > or = 3 and no negative competency scores). A Latina model (ratio = 3.4), formed by the Salvadorans, Mexicans, and Chicanas, emphasized breast trauma and "bad" behaviors, including drinking @entity167 and using illegal drugs as risk factors. A biomedical model (ratio = 3.0), embraced by physicians and Anglo-American @entity1 , emphasized risk factors described in the medical literature, such as family history and age. Within these broad models, each group of respondents also differed enough in their beliefs to form their own, often stronger, cultural models. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnography can provide important insights about culturally based knowledge and attitudes about disease. An understanding of the distinctive cultural models regarding @entity0 risk factors will aid future @entity5 control interventions.

title: Understanding knowledge and attitudes about XXXX . A cultural analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A 35-year-old @entity1 with @entity296 underwent a single chamber @entity737 ( @entity737 ) implant with a St. Jude Medical Fortify VR pulse generator and an active fixation ventricular lead (St. Jude Durata model 7121, 65 cm) for the primary prevention of @entity1164 . Twenty months after device implant, he presented to our clinic for evaluation of a "funny sensation" in his chest. Device evaluation revealed @entity67 .4 mV, lead impedance 1500 ohms, and pacing capture threshold was 2.0 V @ 0.5 msec, which were all stable over the prior 6 months. The @entity591 detections were set for two zones: @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), 181-221 beats per minute (bpm), and @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ), greater than 221 bpm. Antitachycardia pacing ( @entity855 ) therapies were programmed in both zones. In addition to several nonsustained @entity2224 events, there were two episodes of @entity591 in the @entity2224 zone, occurring on different days, for which @entity855 was delivered and noted to be successful (Figure 1). The figure shows electrical noise on the bipolar signal that was not seen on the far-field signal and did not correlate with any causes of external noise according to the @entity1 . Interestingly, the noise disappeared instantly after @entity855 on both occasions. Though this phenomenon has been reported after some @entity1457 , the reasons have not been clarified. Polarization of the conductor allowing normal signal transmission is a possibility or a new position of the lead or @entity1 as a result of the @entity737 therapy may explain the loss of lead noise. As a result, Figure 1 shows what appears to be effective therapy for lead @entity174 noise using @entity855 . Nonetheless, due to the diagnosis of lead @entity174 (without conductor externalization), he underwent successful right ventricular lead replacement. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Antitachycardia Pacing Therapy for the Successful Treatment of Lead XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['non-ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['ICD shocks']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular sensing amplitude 2']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']


abstract: @entity66 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity191 . In the present study, reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation and antioxidant enzyme @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activities were examined in cultured cortical, striatal and @entity3308 @entity19 astrocytes after @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ) or @entity9013 ( @entity9016 ) treatment. Linear regression analysis showed that control @entity3308 (slope coefficient=0.01) astrocytes had a three-fold (F-test, p<0.05) greater rate of change in ROS production when compared to cortical (0.003) or striatal (0.003) astrocytes. However, when treated with 500 microM @entity5212 for 120 min, @entity3308 and striatal astrocytes demonstrated a decreased and increased rate of change in ROS production respectively. On the other hand, when treated with 10 microM @entity9016 , a significant increase in the rate of change in ROS formation was observed in both @entity3308 and striatal astrocytes, with @entity3308 astrocytes producing a four-fold greater increase when compared to striatal astrocytes. Cortical astrocytes did not show any significant changes in ROS production when treated with @entity5212 or @entity9016 . When astrocytes were treated with @entity5212 over a 24 h period, striatal astrocytes demonstrated significant increases in SOD activity to 12 h, followed by a return towards control levels after 8 h treatment. In contrast, @entity3308 astrocytes showed trends for a decrease in SOD production as well as a significant decrease in @entity855 levels by 24 h @entity5212 treatment. The present results suggested that @entity3308 astrocytes are more vulnerable to oxidative stress when compared to striatal astrocytes, given their greater rates of ROS production at basal and @entity9016 conditions. Striatal astrocytes, on the other hand, may have a more protective capacity against oxidative stress by producing greater SOD activities.

title: @entity66 induced by @entity5212 and @entity9016 : selective vulnerability of cultured XXXX astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['mesencephalic']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity9013 :: ('MESH:D015655', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity2390 is a synthetic octapeptide @entity1943 analogue which has higher potency and longer duration of action than the natural hormone. It is effective after subcutaneous administration and no rebound hypersecretion has been observed. Pharmacological effects of @entity2390 include inhibition of numerous hormones ( @entity2124 , TSH, insulin, glucagon and all gut hormones), of exocrine secretion (gastric acid, pancreatic enzyme), and of small-bowel absorption. This review deals with clinical application of @entity2390 in @entity4903 . In @entity1 with @entity2012 @entity2390 treatment results in decrease of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) and @entity442 together with @entity5 shrinkage and clinical improvement. Although variability in response to treatment is obvious for majority of @entity1 the most effective dose is 100 mcg three times daily subcutaneously. Normalization of @entity2124 levels could be achieved in more than 50% of treated @entity1 . It has also been shown that @entity2390 could be effective in TSH secreting @entity977 , ACTH secreting @entity652 as well as in @entity5 . A marked biochemical and clinical responses together with longer survival have been reported in most of the @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 who benefit the most from @entity2390 therapy are those with @entity751 (successful control of @entity294 , @entity1671 episodes and wheezing) and @entity11563 (control of @entity294 ). In @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) @entity2390 suppresses @entity2124 levels, postprandial blood @entity413 increases with resultant decrease in daily insulin requirements. In @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) @entity2390 has inhibitory effect on serum LH and ovarian @entity3800 . This could have beneficial effect on ovulatory performance in @entity1 with @entity3610 .

title: [Clinical use of XXXX ( @entity2390 ) in endocrinology].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'non-secretory pituitary tumours', 'gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tumours']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['carcionid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disorder']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: Rhino-orbito-cerebral @entity13296 is a rapidly progressive @entity1292 characterized by a set of clinical and radiological findings that help in prognostication. The present study is aimed to evaluate its histopathologic features as an aid to prognosis in order to guide the physician at the stage of tissue diagnosis to optimize surgery, chemotherapy and immunosuppression. The study comprises of a microscopic analysis of specific histopathologic variables on 33 cases of @entity13296 that were diagnosed and treated in a seven-year period. Fungal load in the tissue (graded as mild, moderate and marked), mean diameter of fungus, degree of neutrophilic and granulomatous response, tissue invasion and @entity39 were graded and assessed for their prognostic significance. Seasonal variation, signs and symptoms, extent of involvement and laboratory parameters were also analyzed to examine the trend of occurrence of the disease and to associate these with @entity1 's outcome, which was categorized as either survived or expired. The follow-up ranged from 1 month to 7 years. Of all the histological variables, angioinvasion was directly related to the mortality rate. Diameter of the fungal hyphae and its intraorbital or intracranial invasion also proved to be significant indicators of poor prognosis. (P = 0.04 and 0.0037, respectively) though angioinvasion was directly related to the mortality rate. Thus, histopathology could assist the clinician in assessing @entity1 's progress and thus optimize the treatment in such @entity1 .

title: Role of histopathology as an aid to prognosis in rhino-orbito-cerebral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13296 :: ('MESH:D020096', 'Disease') :: ['zygomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity13296 :: (MESH:D020096,Disease) :: ['zygomycosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Genetic variation at the insulin-like binding protein 2 ( @entity13504 ) gene has been associated with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) by genome-wide association studies and by replication analyses. Our aim was to explore the underlying genetic model and mechanism of action, factors accounting for non-replications of the associations, and the effect of variation from pathway-related genes @entity24469 and @entity25297 . METHOD: We analysed here the association between @entity2175 (and related traits) and @entity13505 and @entity25298 in @entity13504 , and @entity25299 and @entity25300 (marking @entity24469 and @entity25297 respectively) from the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study (N approximately 2500 aged 65-96 years). We undertook a retrospective analysis of the deviations from the multiplicative model in previous studies and the present study. RESULTS: We replicated an association between @entity13505 and @entity2175 status, and reported significant associations with anthropometric traits, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B. These associations were also observed for @entity25298 , but not for the SNPs marking @entity24469 and @entity25297 . CONCLUSIONS: The lower fasting insulin levels and the impaired beta-cell function associated with @entity13504 SNPs are independent of @entity28 phenotypes. The action of these SNPs on @entity2175 may result from an effect on beta-cell function. This could lead to lower insulin levels, the association with anthropometric traits being secondary. We discuss possible mechanisms of action relating @entity13504 with @entity2175 traits. The occurrence of null alleles, the inclusion of @entity2175 @entity1 in analyses of @entity209 risk traits and the genetic model, are possible factors accounting for non-replications of @entity13504 associations with @entity2175 .

title: @entity24469 , @entity13504 and @entity25297 genotype, haplotype and genetic model studies in XXXX traits and diabetes.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antioxidant and antiplatelet drugs might help prevent the progression of @entity731 or its thrombotic consequences as adjuncts to specific treatment of @entity65 factors. METHODS: Primary health care may be the ideal setting for screening @entity1 at risk, for monitoring the evolution of risk factors and for minimizing their clinical consequences. We therefore estimated the fraction of the general population who would be suitable candidates for preventive strategies because of the presence of at least one known @entity65 factor. We used an ad-hoc protocol in a random sample of @entity1 aged 50-75 years who consulted their general practitioner for any reason over a predefined 2-week period. RESULTS: Complete information was available for 2522 @entity1 (94.3% of 2674 @entity1 screened by 91 general practitioners), 44.8% male and 55.2% female, with a mean +/- SD age of 62.2 +/- 6.7 years. Of these, 1977 (78.4%) had at least one of the recognized @entity65 factors (arterial @entity101 , hypercholesterolaemia, @entity28 , a family history of @entity583 , @entity6 ). Half of the study population had two or more risk factors, and one-third had a single one. On the assumption that @entity270 and @entity117 are an attractive basis for a clinical trial of primary prevention strategies, we evaluated the fraction of the population at risk who would be suitable for recruitment. Exclusion criteria reduced this fraction to 50.2% (992 out of 1977) of eligible @entity1 . General exclusion criteria were present in 501 (25.3%), indications for @entity117 in 428 (21.6%) and contraindications to @entity117 in 526 @entity1 (26.6%). Because no contraindications to @entity270 are known, three-quarters of the exclusion criteria used applied to @entity117 treatment only; this implies that a larger fraction of the population at risk would be suitable for testing the efficacy of @entity270 or other preventive strategies. CONCLUSION: The large proportion of candidates for cardiovascular prevention within the general population (992 out of 2522, 39.3%) and the reliability of the general practitioners' participation in the study supported the feasibility of clinical tests of preventive strategies in primary health care.

title: Epidemiological feasibility of cardiovascular primary prevention in general practice: a trial of XXXX and @entity117 . Collaborative group of the Primary Prevention Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) and @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) scores are associated with hospitalization and mortality in @entity1 with @entity454 . Most studies in these @entity1 are cross-sectional in nature. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over time, as well as determinants of changes in HRQOL. Also, the relation between changes in HRQOL with respect to both hospitalization and mortality was assessed. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed in 77,848 hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 whereas changes in HRQOL were assessed in 8,339 @entity1 over a 1-year time period. HRQOL measurements were assessed with @entity8 Quality of Life-36 questionnaires. Also, relevant biomarkers (albumin, @entity1011 , hemoglobin, @entity1372 ) and equilibrated normalized protein catabolic rate (enPCR) were measured. RESULTS: HRQOL were found to be decreased in HD @entity1 . Nutritional indices like @entity1011 (r = 0.23; p < 0.0001) and serum albumin (r = 0.21; p < 0.0001) positively correlated with @entity2483 scores. An increase in levels of albumin, @entity1011 , hemoglobin, enPCR and serum @entity1372 over time are significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with positive changes in @entity2483 scores. Changes in @entity2483 scores were found to be predictive for hospitalization and mortality. The correlates of predictors for @entity1032 scores were less strong compared to that of @entity2483 scores. The strongest positive predictors of @entity1032 scores were age (r = 0.08; p < 0.0001), albumin (r = 0.05; p < 0.0001) and @entity1372 (r = 0.05; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional factors are strongly associated with changes in HRQOL, especially with regard to @entity2483 scores (change over time in HRQOL was an independent predictor of hospitalization and mortality). Increased scores of HRQOL over time are positively associated with survival.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Quality of Life in Dialysis XXXX : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental component summary', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['PCS', 'Physical component summary']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: We report our experience with general anaesthesia (GA) supplemented with subarachnoid @entity1341 and @entity1286 for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in 18 @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1 were male, and mean age was 62 yr. Anaesthesia (GA) was induced with @entity680 97 +/- 22 micrograms.kg-1 and @entity1363 0.04 +/- 0.02 mg.kg-1 supplemented with a muscle relaxant, and maintained with @entity5161 (0.25-0.5%) in @entity26 throughout surgery. Spinal anaesthesia (SA) was then performed at a lumber level using hyperbaric @entity1341 (23-30 mg) and/or @entity3303 (150 mg) with @entity1286 (0.5-1 mg). Pooled data showed the following haemodynamic results (P < 0.05). Induction of GA produced a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Addition of SA produced a decrease in heart rate. Heart rate and MAP did not change with sternotomy. @entity2647 support of arterial blood pressure was used at some time during operation in 17 @entity1 . Supplementation of GA was minimal. @entity1 received 2.7 +/- 0.7 coronary grafts. Operating room time was 3.9 +/- 0.6 hr. Postoperative analgesic requirements were minimal, and in half of the @entity1 tracheal extubation occurred on the day of surgery. Complications included one @entity583 , one resternotomy, a @entity9555 in a dialysis-dependent @entity1 , and one case of herpes labialis. No @entity1 recalled intraoperative events. Combined GA with SA may be an effective technique for CABG surgery. Further study of the cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic effects of the technique is required.

title: Anaesthesia for coronary artery bypass surgery supplemented with subarachnoid @entity1341 and XXXX : a report of 18 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9555 :: ('MESH:D001928', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity339 resulting from @entity166 underwent mitral valve repair between December 1988 and July 1994. There were nine males and five females aged from 14 to 70 years (mean 40.2 +/- 19.7 years). Three @entity1 had active @entity884 . Time between the onset of @entity884 symptoms and surgery ranged from 1 to 24 months (mean 8.3 months). Bacterial findings were Streptococcus in eight @entity1 , Staphylococcus in one, and unknown in five. All macroscopically infected tissue was excised in @entity1 with active @entity884 . Carpentier's reconstructive techniques were mainly used. There were no hospital deaths. Mean follow-up was 29 months and complete. Thirteen @entity1 were in New York Heart Association functional class I and one in class II. There were no late deaths, reoperations, recurrent @entity884 , @entity1031 events, or other valve-related morbidity. We conclude that mitral valve repair is an attractive procedure in @entity1 with @entity339 resulting from @entity166 .

title: [Mitral valve repair for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report on the first multicenter Italian experience with @entity5762 as adjunctive drug in @entity1 , adolescents and young adults with refractory childhood-onset @entity302 other than @entity5761 . METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 (19 males, 19 females), aged between 4 and 34 (mean 13.7    8.3, median 12.5), all affected by different types of childhood-onset refractory @entity302 other than @entity5761 , were treated with @entity5762 as adjunctive drug for a mean period of 11.4 months (range 3-26 months). RESULTS: Fifteen of 38 @entity1 (39.5%) had a >=  50% @entity410 reduction in countable @entity410 . Complete @entity410 freedom was achieved in one of these @entity1 (2.6%). Three @entity1 (7.9%) had a 25-49% @entity410 reduction, whilst @entity410 frequency remained unchanged in 15 (39.5%) and increased in five @entity1 (13.1%). Eleven @entity1 (28.9%) reported adverse side effects. Vomiting was reported in five @entity1 (13.1%); drowsiness, @entity1277 and irritability with @entity2704 manifested in other four @entity1 . They were transient and mild in all cases. CONCLUSION: @entity5762 may be an effective and well-tolerated adjunctive drug for the treatment of refractory childhood-onset @entity302 other than @entity5761 . @entity5762 was most effective in @entity1 with drop-attacks and (bi)frontal spike-wave discharges.

title: @entity5762 in refractory childhood @entity302 other than XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['decreased appetite']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity5762 :: ('MESH:C079703', 'Chemical') :: ['rufinamide', 'Rufinamide']

answer: @entity5761 :: (MESH:D065768,Disease) :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']