abstract: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is characterized by highly pruritic, chronic, relapsing inflammatory @entity272 . Furthermore, therapeutic choices are limited, especially in long-standing cases, despite its increasing prevalence. This study was performed to examine the clinical efficacy and the therapeutic mechanism underlying the effects of Actinidia arguta (hardy kiwi) fruit extract in an animal model of @entity483 . To examine the effects of A. arguta extract on @entity483 , @entity13694 -treated NC/Nga @entity19 were orally administered A. arguta extract (100 mg/kg/day), @entity1140 (1 mg/kg/day), or @entity619 (3 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Skin severity scores, epidermal thickening, mast cell infiltration and degranulation, total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes (IgE, @entity9686 ), and cytokine (interleukin [IL]-4 and interferon [IFN]-gamma) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ( @entity8932 , @entity1990 , and @entity14540 ) expressions were examined in each of the study groups. Orally administered A. arguta extract significantly reduced clinical @entity1909 severity, epidermal thickness, mast cell dermal infiltration and degranulation, and total levels of serum IgE and @entity9686 . Furthermore, this suppression of total serum IgE and @entity9686 levels was accompanied by a decrease in @entity58 and an increase in @entity60 expression in skin and splenocytes. Interestingly, @entity14540 expression was increased by oral A. arguta extract. This study confirms that A. arguta extract has potential as a dietary therapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity483 . Furthermore, our findings suggest that its clinical efficacy and mode of action against @entity483 are associated with the modulation of biphasic T-helper (Th) 1/Th2 cytokines, with the inhibition of Th2-mediated IgE overproduction, and possibly with the up-regulation of @entity14540 .

title: Effects of orally administered Actinidia arguta (Hardy Kiwi) fruit extract on @entity13694 -induced @entity272 in NC/Nga XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity13694 :: ('CHEBI:53053', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: CONTEXT: Risky @entity146 among adolescent males put them at risk for @entity2953 , @entity645 / @entity791 , and unplanned fatherhood, yet few facilities in the United States provide focused @entity458 services to these young @entity1 . A general acknowledgement exists that the development of such services is needed, yet there is little research to guide providers in making existing services more attractive to young males and in developing new sexual health services for this population. OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to explore attitudes and perceptions of urban black male adolescents regarding the availability of and access to reproductive healthcare. METHODS: Eighteen black male adolescents participated in three focus group discussions held in a central New Jersey city. Transcripts of the discussions were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Resulting categories were grouped into themes, which reflected the adolescents' perceptions and experiences. Member checks were used to verify findings. RESULTS: The adolescents felt that obtaining sexual health services was a stressful experience fraught with both internal and external barriers. Internal barriers included a fear of stigma and a loss of social status, shame, and embarrassment. External barriers included disrespectful providers, a lack of privacy/confidentiality, and challenges in accessing and negotiating the healthcare system. The young males described an idealized clinic environment as informal, welcoming, and respectful. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Providers should focus on improving the quality of care in existing clinics, particularly in the areas of access, privacy, and confidentiality, and on developing adolescent-friendly clinics focusing on male services. Adolescents should be encouraged to visit clinics prior to an acute need for services. There also is a need for providers who are comfortable with and able to communicate with male adolescents.

title: Barriers to XXXX care: urban male adolescents speak out.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and reproductive health']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual and reproductive health']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Among @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity454 , simultaneous @entity8 (SPK) transplantation is associated with increased survival compared with solitary kidney transplants or dialysis. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study was performed on 101 consecutive SPK transplantation performed in our center over the last 20 years. We excluded six pancreas alone, eight pancreas after kidney, and four retransplantations. We analyzed demographic characteristics and @entity1 and graft survivals. We also compared @entity1 and pancreatic graft survivals between three periods: 1989 to 1999, 2000 to 2003, and 2004 to 2007. In the first period, bladder drainage was performed in all @entity1 . In the second and third periods, it was replaced by enteric drainage. RESULTS: Overall @entity1 survival was 83.2%. Kidney graft loss occurred in 12 (11.8%) @entity1 and pancreas graft loss in 21 (20.7%) @entity1 . Overall pancreatic graft survival was 79.2% with a 1-year value of 87.1%. By periods, pancreatic graft survival was 75% during the bladder drainage era; 76.9% in the second period; and 85.7% in the third period (P = .88). CONCLUSION: SPK transplantations in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity454 were associated with improving pancreas graft survival throughout the study period.

title: One hundred one simultaneous XXXX transplantations: long-term outcomes at a single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['pancreas-kidney']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are naturally occurring small RNAs (approximately 22 @entity2036 in length) that have critical functions in a variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. They are an important target for detection technology for future medical diagnostics. In this paper we report an electrochemical method for miRNA detection based on paramagnetic beads and enzyme amplification. In particular, @entity10074 was chosen as model sequence, because of its involvement in @entity96 . The proposed bioassay is based on biotinylated DNA capture probes immobilized on streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. Total RNA was extracted from the cell sample, enriched for small RNA, biotinylated, and then hybridized with the capture probe on the beads. The beads were then incubated with streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and exposed to the appropriate enzymatic substrate. The product of the enzymatic reaction was electrochemically monitored. The assay was finally tested with a compact microfluidic device which enables multiplexed analysis of eight different samples with a detection limit of 7 pmol L(-1) and RSD = 15 %. RNA samples from @entity1149 and @entity463 cell lines were also analyzed.

title: Electrochemical detection of XXXX by use of a magnetic bead-based bioassay.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['brain, lung, and liver cancers']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity10074 :: (407007,Gene) :: ['miRNA-222']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to elucidate whether an increased, but physiological, amount of @entity1420 ( @entity20859 ) supplied to the porcine corpus luteum (CL) affects luteal secretion of @entity3800 and @entity172 in freely moving gilts. On day 9 of the estrous cycle, the jugular veins as well as both ovarian arteries and both ovarian veins of gilts were cannulated. @entity1420 was infused into the right ovarian arteries of experimental gilts (n=5) on days 10, 11 and 12 of the estrous cycle at a rate adequate to physiological retrograde transfer found during the middle luteal phase of the cycle. The left ovarian arteries of the experimental gilts were infused with saline. Both ovarian arteries of the control gilts (n=5) were infused with saline. The @entity20859 infusion rate was 0.62 microg/min (10 day), 2x0.62 microg/min (11 day) and 3x0.62 microg/min (12 day). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and both ovarian veins of the experimental and control gilts on days 10-12 of the estrous cycle before and after @entity20859 or saline infusion. The mean plasma @entity2671 (A(4)) level in the ovarian vein ipsilateral to the @entity20859 -infused ovary was higher (p<0.01) on days 10-12 of the estrous cycle than those found in the contralateral ovarian vein of the experimental gilts as well as the control gilts. The ovarian venous level of @entity251 (T) in the ovarian vein ipsilateral to the @entity20859 -infused ovary on days 10-12 of the estrous cycle was not significantly different (p>0.05) from those found in the contralateral ovarian vein of the experimental gilts and ovarian vein of the control gilts. However, on day 12, a decrease in T concentration was demonstrated in the ovarian vein ipsilateral to the P4-infused ovary in comparison to those of the contralateral and control ovarian veins. The mean plasma @entity53 (E(2)) level in the ovarian vein ipsilateral to the @entity20859 -infused ovary was lower on days 10-12 than those found in the contralateral ovarian vein of the experimental gilts and in the ovarian vein of the control gilts (p<0.001). The results of the present paper indicate that local elevation of P4 concentration in blood supplying the ovary during the middle luteal phase of the porcine estrous cycle affected local secretion of @entity3800 and @entity172 . The effect of @entity20859 on the secretion of @entity3800 and @entity172 suggested the existence of a short regulatory loop of a positive feedback for A(4) secretion and a negative feedback for E(2) secretion.

title: Local effect of @entity1420 infusion into the porcine ovarian artery on androgen and XXXX secretion during the middle luteal phase.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy (VATET) for a @entity704 larger than 5 cm in size is still technically difficult. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with clinical Masaoka stage I @entity704 underwent an original VATET procedure between November 1998 and December 2009. RESULTS: All @entity1 successfully underwent VATET, and none required conversion to a median sternotomy. Two @entity1 also underwent partial resection of the lung and pericardium. Although there were no perioperative @entity204 , 3 @entity1 experienced minor complications. The average @entity5 size was 5.2 cm. Fifteen @entity5 were larger than 5 cm. Pathologically, 15 were Masaoka stage I, 19 were stage II, and one was stage III. There were no significant differences in the @entity5 size between stages I and II. There were two type A, eight type AB, 15 type B1, five type B2, and three type B3 @entity5 and two @entity704 . Twenty @entity5 were located in the right side of the body, five were in the middle, and ten were on the left. There were no differences in @entity5 size or pathologic stage according to location. There were also no differences in pathologic stage according to @entity5 size. The average follow-up period was 65 months. One @entity1 showed recurrence to the bilateral lung 3.5 years after the procedure. After resection, this @entity1 was free of disease 5 years after the first procedure. There has been no recurrence in any of the other @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our original VATET procedure may be indicated for @entity1 with clinical Masaoka stages I and II @entity704 and in those with @entity5 larger than 5 cm.

title: Outcome of an original video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymoma', 'thymic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma']


abstract: 1. We have examined the mechanisms of local @entity4 formation in the passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction in the @entity95 . 2. IgE-containing antiserum was injected i.d. and allowed to sensitize skin sites for periods up to 240 h. Antigen ( @entity291 gamma globulin) was injected i.d. or i.v. and local @entity4 formation assessed by the accumulation of i.v. injected 125I-labelled rabbit serum albumin. Potential inhibitors were mixed with antigen prior to i.d. injection or were administered i.v. 3. Maximum @entity4 formation was observed when a sensitization period of 48-72 h was used. @entity4 formation in the PCA reaction was of short duration with a t 1/2 of approximately 15 min. No evidence of late @entity4 formation (up to 6 h) was found. 4. Local @entity4 formation in the PCA was reduced by @entity3352 suggesting that vasodilator, @entity4 -potentiating @entity2918 were released. However, it was likely that other vasodilators were also generated. 5. @entity8610 were poor inhibitors of @entity4 formation as were PAF antagonists, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, a kallikrein inhibitor, a @entity1812 antagonist and anti-C5a antibody. 6. Local @entity4 formation in the PCA was partially reduced by neutrophil depletion and @entity3812 suggesting that neutrophil-dependent mediators were involved. 7. Exudate fluid from anaphylactic reactions in the @entity95 peritoneal cavity contained permeability-increasing activity when injected into @entity95 skin. This activity is now being characterized. 8. A vasodilator prostaglandin appears to be released in the @entity95 PCA reaction but none of the established permeability-increasing mediators appears to be involved. Thus, there may be novel inflammatory mediators generated in this reaction which may have relevance for @entity1 @entity272 .

title: Inflammatory mechanisms in the passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction in the XXXX : evidence that novel mediators are involved.

entities_list: @entity8610 :: ('MESH:D006633', 'Chemical') :: ['Antihistamines']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Oedema', 'oedema']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['allergic skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The literature documents the fact that UV irradiation of cutaneous Langerhans cells (LC) in vivo prevents the development of contact @entity566 and produces long-lasting immunosuppression. However, not much is known about the effect of UV irradiation on the LC of the nasal mucosa and their connection with clinical scores. Local antigen presentation may be necessary for both primary and recall T cell responses to birch pollen in @entity1 with @entity2023 . Endonasal phototherapy combination of UVB (5%), UVA (25%) and visible light (70%) utilises the immunosuppressive effects of UV irradiation. The aim of this study was to correlate clinical symptom scores with possible changes in the LC of the nasal mucosa induced by UV radiation. The clinical effectiveness of this form of treatment is discussed. Nasal biopsies were obtained from ten birch pollen-sensitive @entity1 with @entity2023 before and after endonasal phototherapy. All @entity1 showed a significant clinical benefit post-treatment as assessed by standardised instruments, including total nasal symptom score, nasal congestion score, nasal itching score, sneezing score, nasal secretion score and impairment-to-health score. However, we found no significant morphological changes, to, or quantitative differences in, the @entity4896 +, @entity404 , @entity405 or @entity2279 cells before and 14 days after treatment. Despite the positive clinical effect, the study revealed no effect of UV irradiation on the LC and other analysed cells of the nasal mucosa immune system. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

title: Endonasal phototherapy significantly alleviates symptoms of XXXX , but has a limited impact on the nasal mucosal immune cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['hay fever', 'seasonal rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: A subcutaneous @entity5 was found in the right abdomen of a 16-week-old male @entity12813 and @entity899 double-knockout @entity19 . The @entity5 had indistinct borders with the surrounding tissue. The cut surface after @entity406 fixation was pale yellowish white, partially dark red and partly white. Histologically, the @entity5 was composed of three distinct regions. The first region showed pleomorphic cells arranged in sheets. The second region showed spindle cells arranged in interlacing fascicles. The final region contained a mixture of the above mentioned two types of cells. Furthermore, a small amount of collagen fibers, round cells, multinucleated giant cells, and cells with eosinophilic granules were observed between these @entity5 cells. Immunohistochemical examination and electron microscopy identified that the pleomorphic cells and spindle cells were histiocytes and fibroblasts, respectively, and that the round cells were undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Based on these findings, the @entity5 was diagnosed as a malignant @entity82 .

title: A Case Report of a Malignant @entity82 in a T-cell Receptor b Chain and XXXX Double-knockout @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity899 :: (22060(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this article is to report the efficacy of the extension block pinning and additional intrafocal pinning technique applied to cases whose mallet fractures were not reduced with extension block pinning alone. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 14 digits with 14 @entity1 who were treated with the extension block pinning and additional intrafocal pinning technique. There were eight @entity1 and six @entity1 with an average age of 34 years. The average articular surface involvement was 52%. The average follow-up was 16 months and the mean time from injury to operation was 23 days. RESULTS: All the cases achieved @entity174 . By Crawford's classification, 9 were excellent and 5 were good. The average active flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint was 78 degrees and the average extension loss was 1.8 degrees. Bone union was observed in all cases after a postoperative mean of 38.4 days. Complications such as @entity39 , @entity174 of @entity5806 were not found. CONCLUSIONS: Additional intrafocal pinning technique is considered a simple and useful method to obtain @entity174 in cases where extension block pinning alone is insufficient to restore the anatomic configuration of the articular surface.

title: XXXX using extension block and additional intrafocal pinning techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['bony fragments, and nail-plate deformity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['anatomic reduction of mallet fractures', 'anatomic reduction of fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Anatomic reduction of mallet fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize current knowledge regarding the diagnosis and management of @entity344 . METHODS: Three cases of @entity344 with @entity63 as their first manifestation are presented. Underlying diseases were @entity6129 , @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and @entity573 nodosa (PAN). Relevant English-language articles collected from the PubMed database were reviewed. RESULTS: Among the angiitides, @entity7540 , @entity1252 , and Henoch-Sch  nlein are those most commonly accompanied by @entity344 . @entity1333 usually occurs when there is evidence of generalized disease activity. Abdominal computerized tomography is a valuable tool for diagnosing @entity63 and suspected @entity1333 . CONCLUSIONS: In young @entity1 presenting with @entity63 , it is essential to assess the possibility of an underlying @entity262 . With prompt initiation of immunosuppressive treatment, surgery may be avoided. Prognosis is improved when there is minimal delay in surgical intervention.

title: XXXX as the first manifestation of @entity1333 .

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'acute abdominal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal vasculitis', 'gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity6129 :: ('MESH:D055953', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic polyangiitis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Intestinal ischemia']


abstract: Asthma is one of the most common @entity102 in @entity1 and is frequently noted as the reason for school absences. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the differences in demands and resources reported by @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ) and European American (EA) parents of school-age @entity1 with @entity565 . A convenience sample of 37 parents participated in the study. Data were collected from 19 @entity3004 and 18 EA parents. Family stress theory provided the framework for this study. All subjects completed a demographic questionnaire, the Care of My @entity1 With Asthma Scale, and the Family Inventory of Resources for Management (FIRM). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The most time-consuming caregiving demand reported by EA parents was providing emotional support for the @entity1 . For @entity3004 parents, the most time-consuming caregiving demand was managing work or school outside the home and organizing @entity565 treatments at the same time. @entity3004 parents had limited resources in the area of extended family social support. The Mann-Whitney U test found no statistically significant differences between @entity3004 and EA parents in relation to demands and resources. Nursing implications are presented.

title: Demands and resources: parents of school-age XXXX with @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['African American', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity5818 ( @entity5818 ) is a common and disabling condition in the population. Interventions are often evaluated with @entity1 -rated outcome measures. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple clinician-rated measure to detect difficulties in the execution of movement-related tasks among @entity1 with @entity5818 . METHOD: The steps in the scale development included a review of the clinical literature of @entity158 to identify condition-specific questionnaires, pilot testing, clinical testing and scale construction. Twenty-one eligible items from thirteen questionnaires were extracted and included in a pilot test. All items were scored on a five-point ordinal scale ranging from 1 (no difficulty) to 5 (cannot perform). Fourteen items were excluded after pilot testing because of difficulties in standardization or other practical considerations. The remaining seven items were included in a clinical test-retest study with outpatients at a hospital. Of these, four were excluded because of psychometric reasons. From the remaining three items, a measure named Shoulder Activity Scale (summed score ranging from 3 to 15) was developed. RESULTS: A total of 33 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 were included in the clinical study; age range 27-80   years. The intraclass correlation coefficient results for inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability were 0.80 (95% CI   =   0.51-0.90) and 0.74 (95% CI   =   0.58-0.84), respectively. The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were 1.19 and 3.32, respectively. The scale was linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health second level categories lifting and carrying objects (d430), dressing (d540), hand and arm use (d445) and control of @entity717 (b760). CONCLUSION: The Shoulder Activity Scale showed acceptable reliability in a sample of outpatients at a hospital, rated by clinicians experienced in shoulder rehabilitation. The validity of the scale should be investigated in future studies before application to common practice.    2013 The Authors. Physiotherapy Research International published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Development and reliability of a clinician-rated instrument to evaluate function in individuals with XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['Subacromial impingement syndrome', 'SIS', 'subacromial impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movement']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['shoulder pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2314 ( @entity2314 ) is an inherited @entity209 associated with premature death secondary to cardiovascular and @entity8 . @entity1 with @entity2314 develop progressive left ventricular (LV) remodelling and @entity712 . We hypothesized that altered extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover contributes to the pathophysiology of @entity299 in @entity2314 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-nine consecutive @entity1 (44.1 +/- 11.7 years, 15 male) with @entity2314 and 21 normal controls (39.7 +/- 11.3 years, 10 male) had serum analysed for @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -2 ( @entity2843 , @entity1552 ). All @entity1 underwent clinical assessment, echocardiography and Mainz Severity Score Index (MSSI) measurement, a validated severity score in @entity2314 . @entity1495 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 than controls (1003.8 +/- 337.8 ng/ml vs 576.7 +/- 276.3 ng/ml respectively, p < 0.001). There were no differences in @entity2843 levels between @entity1 and controls. There was a positive correlation between @entity1495 levels and MSSI (r = 0.5, p = 0.01). There was a negative correlation between @entity1495 and endocardial fractional shortening (FS) (r = -0.5, p = 0.01) and mid-wall FS (r = -0.6, p = 0.001). There was no correlation between other echocardiographic parameters and @entity1495 levels. These relations were independent of age and sex using stepwise linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2314 have abnormal ECM turnover compared to normal controls. The correlation between @entity1495 levels and systolic function suggests that altered ECM turnover is important in @entity299 . The association between @entity1495 and overall disease severity suggests that circulating levels of @entity1495 may provide a useful marker for assessing the response of @entity1 with @entity2314 to enzyme replacement treatment.

title: Extracellular matrix turnover and disease severity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['AFD', 'Anderson-Fabry Disease']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'cardiac remodelling']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Anderson-Fabry disease']


abstract: @entity328 is a common pathogen that causes @entity281 , such as @entity295 and @entity693 . A major pathogenic factor of @entity2260 is the @entity165 -dependent @entity12734 , pneumolysin. It produces cell lysis at high concentrations and apoptosis at lower concentrations. We have shown that sublytic amounts of pneumolysin induce small GTPase-dependent actin cytoskeleton reorganization and microtubule stabilization in @entity1 @entity521 cells that are manifested by cell retraction and changes in cell shape. In this study, we utilized a live imaging approach to analyze the role of pneumolysin's pore-forming capacity in the actin-dependent cell shape changes in primary astrocytes. After the initial challenge with the wild-type toxin, a permeabilized cell population was rapidly established within 20-40 minutes. After the initial rapid permeabilization, the size of the permeabilized population remained unchanged and reached a plateau. Thus, we analyzed the non-permeabilized (non-lytic) population, which demonstrated retraction and shape changes that were inhibited by actin depolymerization. Despite the non-lytic nature of @entity2505 treatment, the toxin's lytic capacity remained critical for the initiation of cell shape changes. The non-lytic pneumolysin mutants @entity31228 -pneumolysin and delta6-pneumolysin, which bind the cell membrane with affinities similar to that of the wild-type toxin, were not able to induce shape changes. The initiation of cell shape changes and cell retraction by the wild-type toxin were independent of @entity460 and @entity1372 influx and membrane depolarization, which are known to occur following cellular challenge and suggested to result from the ion channel-like properties of the pneumolysin pores. Excluding the major pore-related phenomena as the initiation mechanism of cell shape changes, the existence of a more complex relationship between the pore-forming capacity of pneumolysin and the actin cytoskeleton reorganization is suggested.

title: Changes in astrocyte shape induced by sublytic concentrations of the XXXX -dependent @entity12734 pneumolysin still require pore-forming capacity.

entities_list: @entity2505 :: ('MESH:C032290', 'Chemical') :: ['pneumolysin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['various infections']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: In 100 cases of @entity301 , @entity299 was studied before and after coronary bypass by a flow method, the force ballistocardiogram, and by a pressure method, the carotid pulse derivative. The two methods gave very similar results in most cases, and the agreement of their averages was impressive. A marked increase in cardiac strength, reaching its maximum a month or two after operation, followed the procedure in most cases. Cardiac coordination was also improved at this time in many subjects, but complete cardiac normality was very rarely attained. This early postoperative improvement was greater in hearts judged to be weak before operation than in those judged to be normal in strength. The early cardiac improvement was seldom held in its entirety, but usually declined at a rate, which, if continued, would abolish the postoperative improvement in about three years. This rate of cardiac decline was many times faster than that found in healthy @entity1 or in unoperated cases of mild @entity951 as age advanced. Nevertheless, in over 1/3 of our cases followed for a year and a half or longer, their hearts were still stronger or better coordinated, or both, than they had been before operation, and there is reason to believe that the decline was leveling. At their last test, the great majority of @entity1 still reported that subjective improvement in their @entity951 continued. This subjective improvement was significantly related to objective improvement of @entity299 in our date, but there was one striking exception to this rule. Previous studies of results following internal mammary artery ligation anf the Vineberg procedure afford an important control to the present work.

title: Early and late effects of the coronary bypass operation on XXXX and coordination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac contractility']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac contractility']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity4153 and @entity189 of the @entity1494 are highly aggressive @entity5 , and a concurrence of these @entity5 is extremely rare. We report a case of @entity150 with @entity4153 as a predominant component, accompanied by @entity189 and conventional @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Although the @entity4153 component had resolved on receiving chemoradiotherapy, rapid growth of the @entity41 led to a fatal outcome. A 47-year-old @entity1 presented with occasional @entity1494 and had a 2-year history of asymptomatic @entity811 . Cystoscopy revealed a huge mass in the @entity1494 , and transurethral resection was performed. @entity4153 was detected as the major @entity5 component. Spindle-shaped sarcomatoid cells were also observed that were intermingled with @entity4153 and conventional @entity189 . In addition, a sheet-like growth of the lipoblast-like neoplastic cells was observed focally. Initially, by providing chemoradiotherapy, we achieved a marked @entity5 regression; however, the @entity5 rapidly regrew after the completion of chemoradiotherapy, and the @entity1 underwent radical cystectomy. Only conventional @entity189 and @entity189 were identified in the cystectomy specimen. The @entity1 died of the disease 4 months after cystectomy. @entity150 may include a combination of multiple aggressive histologies as in the present case. Because the variation in the @entity5 components may affect the efficacy of therapy, a correct diagnosis of every @entity5 component is necessary.

title: @entity150 with divergent differentiation featuring XXXX , @entity189 , and liposarcomatous component.

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'Microscopically, small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder', 'bladder irritation']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary bladder cancer', 'urinary bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['small cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allergic sensitization to Alternaria has been related to @entity565 in various studies, but its association with @entity2023 is still controversial. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess at the population level the relationships in childhood between Alternaria sensitization and 'past-year @entity7370 ' (PYRC), 'ever @entity2023 ' (EHF) and 'ever @entity2023 caused by allergens other than pollens' (EAR) according to the presence or the absence of @entity565 . METHODS: This study is part of the Six Cities Study, the French contribution to the International Study of @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II. @entity1 underwent skin prick test (SPT) to Alternaria and parents filled a standardized medical questionnaire. RESULTS: Some 6726 @entity1 with a mean age of 10 years were examined. The overall prevalence of Alternaria sensitization was 2.8%, 0.8% for monosensitization. Prevalences of symptoms in sensitized @entity1 were 27.7% for PYRC, 27.0% for EHF and 30.4% for EAR. Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) between Alternaria sensitization and @entity2023 phenotypes were 2.34 (95% confidence interval: 1.51-3.63) for PYRC, 2.40 (1.65-3.50) for EHF and 2.95 (2.05-4.23) for EAR. The relationship still remained in the case of monosensitization to Alternaria for both PYRC and EAR when excluding the asthmatic @entity1 [OR = 3.87 (1.54-9.78) and 2.88 (1.10-7.55) respectively]. CONCLUSION: In our population-based sample of @entity1 , we found a link between Alternaria sensitization and @entity2023 , independently of @entity565 , which is compatible with the mechanisms of deposition of Alternaria in the upper airways.

title: Alternaria sensitization and @entity2023 with or without XXXX in the French Six Cities study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['hay fever', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Our study aimed to establish a model of @entity2850 of cervical dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in the @entity35 and to investigate the pathological changes following @entity2850 and decompression procedures. Thirty @entity35 were divided into three groups: control group receiving sham surgery, compression group undergoing surgery to place a micro-silica gel on C6 DRG, and decompression group with subsequent decompression procedure. The samples harvested from the different groups were examined with light microscopy, ultrastructural analysis, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing techniques. Apoptosis of DRG neurons was demonstrated with TUNEL staining. Changes in PGE2 and PLA2 in DRG neurons were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Local expression of @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) was monitored with immunohistochemistry. DRG neurons in the compression group became swollen with vacuolar changes in cytoplasm. Decompression procedure partially ameliorated the resultant compression pathology. Ultrastructural examination showed a large number of swollen vacuoles, demyelinated nerve root fibers, absence of Schwann cells, and proliferation in the surrounding connective tissues in the compression group. Compared to the control group, the compression group showed a significant decrease in the number of the HRP-labeled cells and a significant increase in levels of @entity1421 and PLA2, in the expression of @entity6667 protein, and in the number of apoptotic DRG neurons. These findings demonstrate that compression results in local @entity32 , followed by increased apoptosis and upregulation of @entity6667 . We conclude that such a model provides a tool to study the pathogenesis and treatment of cervical @entity32242 .

title: Changes of cervical dorsal root ganglia induced by XXXX and decompression procedure: a novel @entity35 model of cervical @entity32242 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity32242 :: ('MESH:C564857', 'Disease') :: ['radiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression injury']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity2850 :: (MESH:D009408,Disease) :: ['compression injury']


abstract: Our laboratory has previously reported significant increases of the proinflammatory cytokine @entity1505 in male hearts secondary to sustained @entity1284 . These elevated levels of @entity1505 are accompanied by @entity5988 and @entity299 . In contrast, @entity172 has been shown to protect against this adverse cardiac remodeling in both female and male @entity35 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity172 has an effect on inflammation-related genes that contribute to this @entity172 -mediated cardioprotection. @entity296 was induced by @entity292 in 8 wk old male @entity35 (n = 30), and genes of interest were identified using an inflammatory PCR array in Sham, @entity292 , and @entity292 + @entity172 -treated (0.02 mg/kg per day beginning 2 wk prior to @entity292 ) groups. A total of 55 inflammatory genes were modified (>= 2-fold change) at 3 days postfistula. The number of inflammatory gene was reduced to 21 genes by @entity172 treatment, whereas 13 genes were comparably modulated in both @entity292 groups. The most notable were @entity1505 , which was downregulated by @entity172 , and the @entity1505 receptors, which were differentially regulated by @entity172 . Specific genes related to @entity1426 metabolism were downregulated by @entity172 , including @entity17203 . Finally, gene expression for the b1-integrin cell adhesion subunit was significantly upregulated in the LV of @entity172 -treated animals. Protein levels reflected the changes observed at the gene level. These data suggest that @entity172 provides its cardioprotective effects, at least in part, via genomic modulation of numerous inflammation-related genes.

title: Estrogenic modulation of inflammation-related genes in male @entity35 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial volume overload']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'Fistula', 'aortocaval fistula']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1284 :: (MESH:D019190,Disease) :: ['volume overload']


abstract: @entity29590 is a @entity344 with neurological features. It is characterized by reflex torticollis following deglutition in @entity1 with @entity354 . The authors believe that neurological manifestations of the syndrome are the consequence of vagal reflex with the reflex center in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Three models for the neuroanatomical basis of the hypothetic reflex arc are presented. In the first one the hypothetic reflex arc is based on the classic hypothesis of two components nervus accessorius (n.XI) - radix cranialis (RC) and radix spinalis (RS) The nervous impulses are transmitted by nervus vagus (n.X) general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers to NTS situated in medulla oblongata, then by interneuronal connections on nucleus ambiguus (NA) and nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi (NDX). Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE) impulses from NA are in part transferred to n.XI ramus externus (RE) (carrying the majority of @entity2300 ( @entity2300 ) fibers) via hypothetic anastomoses in the region of foramen jugulare. This leads to contraction of trapezius and sternocleidomastoideus muscles, and the occurrence of intermittent torticollis. In the second suggested neuroanatomical model the hypothetic reflex arc is organized in the absence of n.XI RC, the efferent part of the reflex arc continues as NA, which is motor nucleus of nervus glossopharyngeus (n.IX) and n.X in this case while distal roots of n.XI that appear at the level of the olivary nucleus lower edge represent n.X roots. In the third presented model the hypothetic reflex arc includes no jugular transfer and could be realized via interneuronal connections directly from NTS to the spinal motoneurons within nucleus radicis spinalis nervi accessorii (NRS n.XI) or from NA to NRS n.XI. The afferent segment of the postulated reflex arc in all three models is mediated via n.X. We conclude that @entity29590 is a clinical manifestation of another vagal reflex that could be termed a "vagocervical" or "esophagocervical" reflex, based on the neuroanatomical hypotheses elaborated in this paper.

title: Neuroanatomical basis of XXXX : a new vagal reflex?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29590 :: ('MESH:C537234', 'Disease') :: ["Sandifer's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux and/or hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['general somatic efferent', 'GSE']

answer: @entity29590 :: (MESH:C537234,Disease) :: ['Sandifer's syndrome']


abstract: To assess the effect of chronic exposure to high circulating @entity2922 concentrations on the beta 2-adrenergic receptors, the density and affinity of lymphocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptors were measured in 5 @entity1 with @entity1911 (2 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 39 +/- 12 years). In 4 @entity1 the studies were repeated 15 days after @entity5 removal. Before surgery, all @entity1 had high plasma @entity2922 concentration. The density of beta 2-adrenergic receptors was reduced, although their affinity was within the reference range. There was an inverse correlation between plasma @entity1425 concentration and beta 2-adrenergic receptor density (r = -0.959, p = 0.01). After surgical resection, plasma @entity2922 concentrations and receptor density became normal. The dissociation constant decreased in the four @entity1 . In conclusion, in the presence of chronically high levels of circulating catecholamines the density of lymphocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptors is reduced. However, it becomes normal when plasma @entity2922 concentration returns to the reference values, the dynamic character of this regulation being thus shown. The measurement of these receptors in the lymphocyte could be useful for the diagnosis and follow up of @entity1 with @entity1911 .

title: [Lymphocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptors in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to examine whether tethering of the mitral leaflets affects coaptation in @entity1 with functional @entity339 (FMR) and to assess the interaction between the mitral coaptation and @entity339 severity. BACKGROUND: Functional @entity339 causes restriction of leaflet closure as a result of enhanced tethering of the mitral leaflets and papillary muscle (PM) displacement. METHODS: Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 44 @entity1 with FMR related to the bilateral PM displacement and in 56 controls. The distance between the tip of the anterior or posterior PM and the intervalvular fibrosa were measured as the lateral or medial tethering length (TL) in midsystole. To evaluate the degree of coaptation, coaptation length (CL) at medial, middle, and lateral sites of mitral valve and an estimate of coaptation area (CA) were measured. RESULTS: The FMR group showed the significantly decreased CA (1.3    0.4 cm(2) vs. 1.6    0.4 cm(2), p = 0.005) and CL (medial 3.2    0.9 mm vs. 4.8    0.6 mm, middle 3.8    1.3 mm vs. 5.8    0.7 mm, lateral 3.3    0.9 mm vs. 4.8    0.6 mm; all p < 0.0001) compared with the controls. Each CL correlated negatively and significantly with both medial and lateral TL (all p < 0.0001). Annular area (p = 0.004) was significantly smaller and leaflet-to-annular area ratio (p < 0.0001) was significantly larger in @entity1 with nonsignificant FMR than in the @entity1 with significant (moderate to severe) FMR. Significant correlations were found between effective regurgitant orifice area and CA or each CL (all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Coaptation decreased significantly in @entity1 with FMR. The CL at each region was related to PM displacement and the indexes of coaptation were associated with @entity339 severity.

title: Influence of chronic tethering of the mitral valve on mitral leaflet size and coaptation in functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Classic @entity2826 (CKS) is a rare disease likely associated with @entity1 herpes virus 8 ( @entity16102 ) infection, and occurs predominantly in Jewish, Mediterranean and middle eastern @entity1 . There is a dearth of data in Moroccan @entity1 with CKS regarding epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes. This report examines a cohort of @entity1 with CKS evaluated at the national institute of oncology over 11-year period. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 referred to the national institute of oncology with classical @entity2826 , between January 1998 and February 2008, was performed. Reviewed information included demographics, clinical and pathological staging, death or last follow-up. RESULTS: During the study period, 56 @entity1 with a diagnosis of CKS have been referred to our hospital. There were 11 (19.7%) females and 45 (80.3%) males (male-to-female ratio: 4:1). Mean age at diagnosis was 61.7    15 (range: 15-86 years). Nodules and/or plaques were the most frequent @entity75 . The most common location was the lower limbs, particularly the distal lower extremity (90%). In addition to skin involvement, visceral spread was evident in 9 cases. The most common visceral involvement sites were lymph nodes (44%), lung (22%), and gastrointestinal tract (22%). Associated lymphoedema was seen in 24 (42%) of the @entity1 . There were 18 stage I @entity1 (32.14%), 8: stage II (14.28%), 21 stage III (37.5%) and 9 stage IV (16.07%). A second primary @entity5 was diagnosed in 6 cases (10.7%), none of the reticuloendothelial system. With a median follow-up of 45 months, 38 (67.8) @entity1 are alive, of whom 25 (65.78%) @entity1 with stable disease, five with progressive disease currently under systemic chemotherapy and 8 (21.05%) are alive and free of disease, over a mean interval of 5 years. CONCLUSION: This is the largest reported series in our context. In Morocco, CKS exhibits some special characteristics including a disseminated @entity272 at diagnosis especially in @entity1 , a more common visceral or lymph node involvement and a less frequent association with second @entity5 .

title: Classic XXXX in Morocco: clinico-epidemiological study at the National Institute of Oncology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", 'Kaposi sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type of lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: Joint immobilization is commonly used for the treatment of joint @entity66 , but it also causes @entity528 . Damage to the fibrillar meshwork of type II collagen in the articular cartilage is a critical event for @entity528 . Collagenases such as @entity28163 and @entity12480 have been considered the main enzymes responsible for the degradation of type II collagen. However, the mechanism of the articular @entity528 after immobilization has not been revealed. The purpose of this study was to examine changes of the expression patterns of @entity28163 and @entity12480 after rigid immobilization of the knee joint. The unilateral knee joints of adult male @entity35 were rigidly immobilized at 150 degrees of flexion using an internal fixator. Histological sections from the medial midcondylar region of the knee were obtained and evaluated in 3 specific areas (non-contact, transitional, and contact areas). The expression of @entity28163 and @entity12480 was evaluated by in situ hybridization. Total RNA was extracted from the articular cartilage in the contact area, and expression levels of @entity28163 and @entity12480 mRNAs were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Localization of @entity12480 expression was also examined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of @entity28163 mRNA was decreased by 1 week after immobilization. After 4-week immobilization, @entity1184 differentiated chondrocytes were observed in the transitional and contact areas, and the expression of @entity28163 and @entity12480 mRNAs was increased in the chondrocytes. Rigid immobilization is associated with the increased expression of @entity28163 and @entity12480 in the @entity1184 differentiated chondrocytes. These two collagenases may play an important role in the articular @entity528 after joint immobilization.

title: Increased expression of metalloproteinase-8 and -13 on articular cartilage in a XXXX immobilized knee model.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injuries and diseases']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze MRI and computed tomographic (CT) findings from @entity703 associated with Xp11.2 translocations/ @entity19409 gene fusions (Xp11-RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board permission was obtained to review @entity1 medical records, and the requirement for informed consent was waved . The clinical and MRI/CT features of five cases with Xp11-RCC that were confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. The image characteristics included the lesion location and size, contribution of cystic and solid components, intratumoral @entity39 or @entity548 , invasion of perinephric tissue and renal sinus, @entity3329 , major venous or arterial vascular invasion, pattern of the @entity5 growth, intratumor @entity730 and lipids, homogeneity of SI on T2-weighted images, attenuation and SI of the mass with respect to the normal renal cortex on precontrast and contrasted CT/MRI images, @entity5 SIs, @entity5 attenuations and @entity5 -to-cortex indices, homogeneity of enhancement on the contrasted images. RESULTS: The mean age was 32 years (range, 15-47 years). Most @entity1 (4/5) were @entity1 . All @entity5 showed a cortical location. The average @entity5 size was 9 cm (range, 4-18 cm). Four @entity5 comprised a predominantly solid lesion with focal @entity39 , and one @entity5 comprised a solid lesion with significant @entity39 . All @entity5 showed intertumor @entity548 , infiltrative growth and invasion of the @entity8 . Four cases showed @entity3329 , of which one case showed simultaneous mediastinal and supraclavicular @entity3329 . All @entity5 from four cases showed mild hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI images, and three @entity5 showed hypointensity on T2-weighted MRI images relative to the renal cortex except for 1 @entity5 that showed significant @entity548 and a relative hyperintensity. For 3 cases who were imaged with CT, two @entity5 imaged using nonenhanced CT images showed mild hyperdensity relative to the renal cortex. Calcification was noted in all three @entity5 . All @entity5 showed mild, persistent enhancement. CONCLUSION: Typical Xp11-RCC manifests as an advanced, solid renal mass with mild persistent enhancement, a prevalence of intertumor @entity548 / @entity730 , and a cortical epicenter location. The predilection for @entity1 and young adults is a useful clinical feature when confirming a diagnosis of Xp11-RCC.

title: XXXX associated with Xp11.2 translocations/ @entity19409 gene fusions: findings on MRI and computed tomography imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy', 'lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['perirenal adipose/renal sinus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinomas']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The binding of transcription factors to specific locations in the genome is integral to the orchestration of transcriptional regulation in cells. To characterize transcription factor binding site function on a large scale, we predicted and mutagenized 455 binding sites in @entity1 promoters. We carried out functional tests on these sites in four different immortalized @entity1 cell lines using transient transfections with a luciferase reporter assay, primarily for the transcription factors @entity34650 , GABP, @entity12627 , E2F, STAT, and @entity19767 . RESULTS: In each cell line, between 36% and 49% of binding sites made a functional contribution to the promoter activity; the overall rate for observing function in any of the cell lines was 70%. Transcription factor binding resulted in transcriptional repression in more than a third of functional sites. When compared with predicted binding sites whose function was not experimentally verified, the functional binding sites had higher conservation and were located closer to transcriptional start sites (TSSs). Among functional sites, repressive sites tended to be located further from TSSs than were activating sites. Our data provide significant insight into the functional characteristics of @entity19767 binding sites, most notably the detection of distinct activating and repressing classes of @entity19767 binding sites. Repressing sites were located closer to, and often overlapped with, translational start sites and presented a distinctive variation on the canonical @entity19767 binding motif. CONCLUSIONS: The genomic properties that we found to associate with functional TF binding sites on promoters -- conservation, TSS proximity, motifs and their variations -- point the way to improved accuracy in future TFBS predictions.

title: Functional analysis of transcription factor binding sites in XXXX promoters.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: GOALS: To describe historical incidence trends of 2 subtypes of @entity356 . BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity356 has increased in western countries. Prior studies have treated @entity5 as a single entity, but recent data suggest that there are 2 distinct subtypes: reflux-related and @entity1534 -related. STUDY: We conducted a population-based study using Connecticut Tumor Registry data from 1955 to 2007. Age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000 @entity1 -years) were calculated for @entity356 , as a whole and by anatomic subsite, and for @entity420 . @entity418 and noncardia @entity5 incidence rates were further adjusted to account for cases with unspecified subsite. Mathematical formulas were derived to calculate incidence rates for reflux-related and @entity1534 -related @entity5 . RESULTS: The adjusted incidence of @entity5 was 4.0 per 100,000 in 1955 to 1959, decreased to 2.4 per 100,000 in 1965 to 1969 before increasing to 3.4 per 100,000 by 2003 to 2007. The incidence of @entity1534 -related @entity5 decreased from 3.7 to 1.0 per 100,000 over the study period, whereas reflux-related @entity5 increased progressively from 0.3 to 2.4 per 100,000. The curves for reflux-related @entity5 and @entity420 closely mirrored each other, and their combined incidence increased from 0.5 per 100,000 in 1955 to 1959 to 5.6 per 100,000 in 2003 to 2007. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of reflux-related @entity5 has steadily increased, whereas @entity1534 -related @entity5 has declined progressively since the mid-20th century. Trends in reflux-related @entity5 and @entity420 incidence are very similar, suggesting that these 2 @entity5 share a similar etiology and pathophysiological process.

title: Diverging trends in the incidence of reflux-related and @entity1534 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers', 'cardia cancer']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cardia cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cardia cancer']


abstract: @entity14 is a @entity5 known to be caused by heterozygous germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes (MMR) most commonly @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity4638 . Heterozygous mutations in one of these genes confer an increased risk, mainly for colon and @entity1204 . Recently, several publications identified that biallelic mutations in the MMR genes are associated with a more severe phenotype, including childhood @entity5 and signs of @entity1264 ( @entity1265 ). We report on a non-consanguineous Ashkenazi Jewish family with two affected siblings with features of @entity1265 , @entity694 and @entity816 at age 13 and 14. Their mother developed @entity1204 at age 54. Their father had @entity12120 of the vocal cords with a family history of @entity788 . Molecular and pathology studies were done on the @entity5 tissue and on genomic DNA of family members. @entity5 testing demonstrated a high degree of @entity124 (MSI analysis), expression of @entity6756 and absence of expression of both @entity4311 and @entity4638 proteins. A biallelic @entity31956 ( @entity31957 ) mutation in the @entity4311 gene was detected in the blood of one affected @entity1 . Parental genetic testing showed that each parent was heterozygote for the mutation. The @entity31956 mutation is a founder mutation in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. To our knowledge this is the first report of homozygosity for this founder mutation.

title: Homozygosity of XXXX @entity31956 germline mutation is associated with childhood @entity694 , @entity816 and signs of @entity1264 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'cancer predisposition syndrome', 'tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis type I']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity4311 :: (4436,Gene) :: ['MSH2']


abstract: We evaluated the efficacy of @entity9229 , a new @entity4086 derivative, in blocking puerperal lactation in a group of @entity1 delivered by cesarean section. In a single-blind controlled trial 36 @entity1 were randomly allocated to treatment with @entity9229 1 mg in a single dose p.o. (n = 18) or @entity2847 5 mg/day p.o. for 14 days (n = 18). Treatment was started about 50 h after delivery. Clinical assessment of breast signs and determination of serum @entity4090 were performed just before treatment and at 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. In the @entity9229 -treated group milk secretion was inhibited in 17 @entity1 (94.4%). Maximum decrease of serum @entity4090 was -89.7% at 5 days, and the @entity4090 -lowering effect of @entity9229 was still present at 14 days. In the @entity2847 group milk secretion was inhibited in 16 @entity1 (88.9%). Maximum @entity4090 decrease (-86.9%) was reached at 3 days. Persistent side effects were comparable in the two groups. This study demonstrates that a single oral dose of 1 mg @entity9229 is as effective in suppressing puerperal lactation as a full treatment with @entity2847 , even in @entity1 delivered by cesarean section.

title: @entity9229 versus XXXX in suppression of lactation after cesarean delivery.

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity4086 :: ('MESH:D004873', 'Chemical') :: ['ergoline']

answer: @entity2847 :: (MESH:D001971,Chemical) :: ['bromocriptine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct a cDNA library for @entity743 orientalis and screen immunologically positive clones. METHODS: Total RNA of @entity13294 in red blood cells from an infected @entity291 was isolated. cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcriptase, amplified by PCR and ligated into lambdaTriplEx2 vector. The recombined vectors were packaged and the unamplified cDNA library was constructed. The cDNA library was then amplified and immunologically screened with rabbit anti-B. orientalis serum. The recombinant lambdaTriplEx2 of positive clones were converted to the corresponding recombinant pTriplEx2. The inserted fragments were identified by PCR amplification. The plasmids were sequenced and compared against GenBank database by Blast. RESULTS: The titer of the unamplified library was 2.0 x 10(6) pfu/ml. The inserted fragment length of the library ranged from 500 to 3,000 bp, and the recombination efficiency accounted for 98.8%. The titer of the amplified library was 5.8 x 10(8) pfu/ml. Three positive clones were selected by serum immunological screening and named B04, B05, and B41, respectively. The inserted fragments of the B04, B05 and B41 were about 1,300 bp, 1,000 bp, and 2,400 bp, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that the 3 clones contained open reading frames. Blast results showed that they were highly homologous to the nuclear movement protein gene, the hypothetical protein gene and the @entity1457 protein 70 (HSP70) gene, respectively. The deduced @entity535 sequences of B04, B05 and B41 contained 310, 192 and 647 @entity535 residues, with Mr of 34,000, 21,000, and 70,700, respectively. CONCLUSION: A qualified cDNA library of @entity13294 has been constructed and three positive clones of @entity13294 discovered.

title: [Construction and immunoscreening of cDNA library of XXXX orientalis].

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity743 :: (MESH:D001404,Disease) :: ['Babesia']


abstract: @entity298 presents difficulty in early diagnosis and establishment of standard treatment. We report a case of @entity3620 treated effectively with @entity900 and @entity136 . A 53-year-old @entity1 , presenting with abdominal fullness and massive @entity843 was first admitted to our hospital in April, 2006. Although we conducted upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, total colonoscopy, chest-abdominal computed tomography, and FDG-PET, suspected with disseminated @entity3 of @entity5 , we could not detect the original @entity5 . Then, a diagnostic laparoscopy revealed many gray-colored nodules diffusely in the peritoneum. The peritoneal biopsy demonstrated that @entity5 cells grow papillarly and show a strongly positive image for calretinin, but a negative image for Ber- @entity2912 . Therefore, we have diagnosed this case as a @entity3620 . Treatment with @entity900 60 mg/m   and intraperitoneal instillation of @entity1138 10 mg/m   were not so effective. Then, @entity900 60 mg/m   and @entity136 1,000 mg/m   were administered biweekly. The @entity5 marker decreased remarkably and the massive @entity843 disappeared. Therefore, the chemotherapy could be done on an outpatient basis.

title: [A case of XXXX treated effectively with @entity900 and @entity136 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'cancer lesion']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peritoneal mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant peritoneal mesothelioma']


abstract: Frequent rectal ultrasound is often used to assess time of ovulation. This study investigated whether frequent rectal ultrasound examination, affects behavioural oestrus and peri-ovulatory hormone profiles (LH, @entity53 and @entity1420 ). Additionally, the relation between peri-ovulatory hormone profiles, oestrous behaviour and time of ovulation was studied. Oestrus was synchronised in two consecutive cycles of Holstein Friesian @entity291 (parity from 1 to 6; n = 24 cycles). In 12 of these cycles, time of ovulation was assessed by three-hourly rectal ultrasound (assessment of ovulation time with ultrasound group: UG) the other half served as controls (n = 12; no assessment of ovulation time group: CG). There were no significant differences between the onset of oestrus (33.8 +/- 1.6 h), duration of oestrus (13.4 +/- 0.9 h) or intensity of oestrous behaviour (1047 +/- 180 points) between UG and CG treated animals. Furthermore, LH, @entity53 and @entity1420 profiles were similar between UG and CG. For UG, ovulation took place 30.2 +/- 1.9 h after onset of oestrus. This interval had the largest variation (21 h) of all parameters studied, ranging between 19 and 40 h after onset of oestrus. The smallest variation (6 h) was found in the timing of ovulation in relation to the LH-peak; ovulation took place 25.3 +/- 0.6 h (range: 21.5-27.5 h) after the peak in LH. This study demonstrated that repeated rectal ultrasound does not alter behavioural oestrus or peri-ovulatory hormone profiles and is therefore a useful tool for assessing time of ovulation. Further research, using ultrasound, can now be carried out to find predictors for time of ovulation.

title: Influence of repeated rectal ultrasound examinations on hormone profiles and behaviour around oestrus and ovulation in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Left ventricular ejection performance, wall stress, and contractile state were evaluated in 35 @entity1 with chronic @entity337 . Cineangiography and pressure measurements were obtained before and a mean of 26 months after aortic valve replacement, and data were compared with those from 30 normal control subjects. The relation between quantitative changes in wall stress and changes in ejection fraction after surgery was determined. Preoperatively, end-systolic stress was elevated in @entity1 with @entity337 (218 +/- 45 vs. 160 +/- 23 kdynes/cm2 [mean +/- SD] for control subjects, p less than 0.01), and ejection fraction was depressed (0.46 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.05, p less than 0.01). End-systolic stress decreased postoperatively (151 +/- 41 kdynes/cm2, p less than 0.01) and ejection fraction increased (0.58 +/- 0.11, p less than 0.01). The magnitude of increase in ejection fraction correlated significantly and negatively (r = -0.65) with the quantitative change in end-systolic stress after surgery. Contractile function, as assessed by the ejection phase index-end-systolic stress relation, did not significantly change: 23 of 35 @entity1 preoperatively and 18 of 35 @entity1 postoperatively had values that clearly fell below the 95% confidence limit of the ejection fraction-end-systolic stress relation for controls. After surgery, individual ejection fraction-end-systolic stress relationships demonstrated a shift parallel to the regression curve for the control subjects. Moreover, persistent postoperative @entity4346 was significantly associated with persistent @entity409 . Thus, late improvement in left ventricular ejection performance after aortic valve replacement can be attributed to the reduction in end-systolic stress. Contractile function itself was not improved by surgery. Persistent postoperative @entity1184 may be a marker for myocardial @entity409 .

title: Left ventricular ejection performance, wall stress, and contractile state in XXXX before and after aortic valve replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is widely used in population genetic and phylogenetic studies in animals. However, such studies can generate misleading results if the species concerned contain nuclear copies of mtDNA (Numts) as these may amplify in addition to, or even instead of, the authentic target mtDNA. The aim of this study was to determine if Numts are present in @entity4224 mosquitoes, to characterise any Numts detected, and to assess the utility of using mtDNA for population genetics studies in this species. RESULTS: BLAST searches revealed large numbers of Numts in the Ae. aegypti nuclear genome on 146 supercontigs. Although the majority are short (80% < 300 bp), some Numts are almost full length mtDNA copies. These long Numts are not due to misassembly of the nuclear genome sequence as the Numt-nuclear genome junctions could be recovered by amplification and sequencing. Numt evolution appears to be a complex process in Ae. aegypti with ongoing genomic integration, fragmentation and mutation and the secondary movement of Numts within the nuclear genome.The PCR amplification of the putative mtDNA nicotinamide @entity5536 dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 4 ( @entity31543 ) gene from 166 Southeast Asian Ae. aegypti mosquitoes generated a network with two highly divergent lineages (clade 1 and clade 2). Approximately 15% of the @entity31543 sequences were a composite of those from each clade indicating Numt amplification in addition to, or instead of, mtDNA. Clade 1 was shown to be composed at least partially of Numts by the removal of clade 1-specific bases from composite sequences following enrichment of the mtDNA. It is possible that all the clade 1 sequences in the network were Numts since the clade 2 sequences correspond to the known mitochondrial genome sequence and since all the individuals that produced clade 1 sequences were also found to contain clade 2 mtDNA-like sequences using clade 2-specific primers. However, either or both sets of clade sequences could have Numts since the BLAST searches revealed two long Numts that match clade 2 and one long Numt that matches clade 1. The substantial numbers of mutations in cloned @entity31543 PCR products also suggest there are both recently-derived clade 1 and clade 2 Numt sequences. CONCLUSION: We conclude that Numts are prevalent in Ae. aegypti and that it is difficult to distinguish mtDNA sequences due to the presence of recently formed Numts. Given this, future population genetic or phylogenetic studies in Ae. aegypti should use nuclear, rather than mtDNA, markers.

title: Mitochondrial pseudogenes in the nuclear genome of XXXX mosquitoes: implications for past and future population genetic studies.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: To examine the efficacy of plasma concentrations of bST or @entity4090 as predictors of expected daughter performance, blood samples were collected from young Holstein sires. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals via jugular cannulas from 1000 until 1600 h ( @entity12840 ), beginning 4 h after morning hay feeding. Bulls were not fed again until after collection of blood samples on @entity25800 . Samples were collected at 15-min intervals from 1000 until 1300 h on @entity25800 . Peak values and frequency of hormonal secretory patterns of each bull were characterized by an iterative process in which values greater than 2 SD from the mean were flagged as peaks and excluded from the subsequent calculation of SD and mean. The process continued until an iteration in which no new peaks were flagged. Imposition of a 24-h fast did not alter mean basal bST or @entity4090 concentrations, but reduced mean peak and overall concentrations of both hormones. The number of bST peaks on @entity12840 was inversely related to both USDA and Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison Pedigree Index for milk yield and both USDA and Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison sire @entity1726 for milk yield, but was positively correlated on @entity25800 with USDA Pedigree Index for milk yield. Mean peak bST on @entity25800 was correlated with Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison Estimated Breeding Value for fat yield and sire USDA @entity1726 for fat yield. @entity4090 peak frequency on @entity12840 was negatively related to Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison Pedigree Index for milk yield and sire @entity1726 for fat yield. Difference between mean @entity4090 on @entity14169 was negatively related to Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison Pedigree Index for milk yield and Estimated Breeding Value for fat yield. Endocrine parameters in young sires may be related to genetic merit for production parameters.

title: Plasma somatotropin and XXXX concentrations in young dairy sires before and after a 24-hour fast.

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Diagnosing the @entity1494 associated with @entity2335 / @entity2336 ( @entity2337 /PBS) is sometimes difficult for general urologists. We therefore aimed to develop an @entity2337 /PBS diagnosis method using a cystoscope with a narrow-band imaging (NBI) system that can detect mucosal angiogenic lesions. METHODS: Fifty-two subjects suspected of having @entity2337 between October 2006 and June 2007 were included in this study. There were 49 @entity1 and three @entity1 , ranging in age from 19 through 85 with an average age of 59. First, conventional cystoscopy under spinal anesthesia was performed to examine the @entity1066 by a urological specialist. Then, other health care professionals made a separate observation of capillary-rich areas of the superficial layer of the @entity1494 by cystoscopy with the NBI system. RESULTS: Among the 52 @entity1 , 37 cases were found to have @entity1066 by conventional cystoscopy, which were also recognized as capillary-rich brownish areas using the NBI system (100% accuracy); 13 cases were found to have NBI-positive areas without @entity1066 , which were coincided with those with @entity548 and glomerulations following subsequent hydrodistention; and two cases of normal mucosa were detected. Furthermore, six cases of @entity150 ( @entity2735 ) were detected by biopsies that were obtained from the @entity1066 positively identified by NBI cystoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Examining the urinary @entity1494 with a flexible cystoscope with the NBI system makes it possible to easily detect @entity1066 of @entity1494 and areas with angiogenesis. Therefore, it is considered that the use of a flexible cystoscope with the NBI system is highly practical for the @entity2337 /PBS diagnosis.

title: New cystoscopic diagnosis for XXXX / @entity2336 using narrow-band imaging system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder mucosa', 'bladder lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['petechial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcerative lesions', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['painful bladder syndrome']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['interstitial cystitis']


abstract: @entity31408 is a highly selective and potent kappa-opioid receptor agonist. This report describes and compares the activities of @entity31408 and @entity1286 in a @entity35 model of @entity282 . A 1 cm incision through the muscle and skin of the plantar surface of the right hind paw induced @entity1931 as well as static and @entity1931 lasting at least 2 days. Postoperative testing was carried out using the plantar test for @entity1931 , von Frey hairs for static @entity1931 and light stroking with a @entity2708 bud for @entity1931 . A single i.v. dose of @entity31408 15 min before surgery dose-dependently (1-100 microg/kg) blocked the development of @entity1931 as well as static and @entity1931 for over 24 h with respective MEDs of < or = 1, 10 and 10 microg/kg. The administration of @entity31408 (100 microg/kg, i.v.), 1 h after surgery, completely blocked the maintenance of the @entity1931 and allodynic responses, but its duration of action was much shorter (2 h) than when administered before surgery. Previous studies have shown that administration of @entity1286 (1-6 mg/kg, s.c.) 0.5 h before surgery can prevent the development of @entity1931 with a MED of < or =1 mg/kg, but it has little effect on static @entity1931 . In the present study similar administration of @entity1286 (1-3 mg/kg), unlike @entity31408 , had no effect on the development of @entity1931 . @entity1286 dose-dependently (1-6 mg/kg, s.c.) potentiated @entity5161 -induced sleeping time and @entity1576 in the @entity35 . However, whilst @entity31408 also (1-1000 microg/kg, i.v.) potentiated @entity5161 -induced sleeping time, it did not cause @entity1576 . It is suggested that @entity31408 may possess therapeutic potential as a pre-emptive antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic agent.

title: XXXX , a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist shows potent antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic actions in a @entity35 model of surgical pain.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['thermal hyperalgesia', 'allodynia', 'dynamic allodynia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity31408 :: ('MESH:C067110', 'Chemical') :: ['enadoline', 'Enadoline']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity31408 :: (MESH:C067110,Chemical) :: ['Enadoline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Millions of @entity1 die every year in developing countries, from preventable diseases such as @entity55 and @entity294 , owing to low levels of investment in @entity1 health. Investment efforts are hampered by a general lack of adequate information that is necessary for priority setting in this sector. This paper measures the health system costs of providing inpatient and outpatient services, and also the costs associated with treating @entity55 and @entity294 in under-five @entity1 at a health centre in Zambia. METHODS: Annual economic and financial cost data were collected in 2005-2006. Data were summarized in a Microsoft excel spreadsheet to obtain total department costs and average disease treatment costs. RESULTS: The total annual cost of operating the health centre was US 1,731,661 of which US 1 284 306 and US 447,355 were @entity1 care and overhead departments costs, respectively. The average cost of providing out- @entity1 services was US 3 per visit, while the cost of in- @entity1 treatment was US 18 per bed day. The cost of providing dental services was highest at US 20 per visit, and the cost of VCT services was lowest, with US 1 per visit. The cost per out- @entity1 visit for under-five @entity55 was US 48, while the cost per bed day was US 215. The cost per outpatient visit attributed to under-five @entity294 was US 26, and the cost per bed day was US 78. CONCLUSION: In the face of insufficient data, a cost analysis exercise is a difficult but feasible undertaking. The study findings are useful and applicable in similar settings, and can be used in cost effectiveness analyses of health interventions.

title: Estimating average inpatient and outpatient costs and XXXX and @entity294 treatment costs in an urban health centre in Zambia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['childhood pneumonia']


abstract: Ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver is an almost universal feature of @entity1 and rodent models of @entity6563 and is also a common feature of type 2 @entity6 , @entity28 , and @entity209 . Here we explore the progression of @entity409 using a @entity19 model of @entity6562 created by a fat-specific knockout of the @entity3239 (F-IRKO) or both IR and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (F-IR/IGFRKO). These @entity19 develop severe @entity6562 , @entity6 , @entity407 , and @entity409 within the first weeks of life. By 12 weeks of age, liver demonstrated increased reactive @entity26 species, lipid peroxidation, histological evidence of @entity528 , and elevated serum @entity3929 aminotransferase and @entity5906 aminotransferase levels. In these lipodystrophic @entity19 , stored liver lipids can be used for energy production, as indicated by a marked decrease in liver weight with fasting and increased liver @entity14192 expression and intact ketogenesis. By 52 weeks of age, liver accounted for 25% of body weight and showed continued @entity528 in addition to @entity32 , @entity82 , and highly dysplastic liver nodules. Progression of @entity409 was associated with improvement in blood @entity413 levels, with evidence of altered expression of gluconeogenic and glycolytic enzymes. However, these @entity19 were able to mobilize stored glycogen in response to glucagon. Feeding F-IRKO and F-IR/IGFRKO @entity19 a high-fat diet for 12 weeks accelerated the @entity99 and normalization of blood @entity413 levels. Thus, severe @entity409 develops early in lipodystrophic @entity19 and progresses to advanced @entity1561 with highly dysplastic liver nodules. The @entity99 is propagated by lipotoxicity and is associated with improved blood @entity413 levels.

title: XXXX Due to Adipose Tissue-Specific @entity3239 Knockout Results in Progressive @entity1561 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6562 :: ('MESH:D008060', 'Disease') :: ['lipodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6563 :: ('MESH:D052497', 'Disease') :: ['generalized lipodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['balloon degeneration']

answer: @entity6562 :: (MESH:D008060,Disease) :: ['Lipodystrophy']


abstract: @entity3220 ( @entity3220 and @entity3607 ) are implicated in a variety of normal and pathological processes. @entity3607 is proposed to participate in chaperone-mediated autophagy.Autophagy regulates T-lymphocyte homeostasis by promoting both survival and proliferation. The biological importance of this process in the thymic gland and especially the involvement of LAMPs are far from being elucidated. The aim of the study was to examine the parallel expression of LAMPs and ubiquitin, a key molecule in autophagy, in normal @entity1 thymic glands and @entity704 . The immunohistochemical expression of both markers was compared with that of @entity4910 --an important regulator of cell cycle progression. Novel evidence for differential expression of LAMPs and ubiquitin is presented. Most Hassal's corpuscules in @entity704 were negative for LAMPs, but positive in normal thymus.Both lymphocytes and epithelial cells in pathological thymus showed higher intensity for @entity3607 compared with @entity3220 . In @entity704 , ubiquitin was more intensively positive in these cell types compared with the normal thymus, suggesting activated autophagy in the course of this pathological state. A deregulation in @entity4910 expression in @entity704 is also reported. The functional importance of these molecules in autophagy accompanying normal and pathological processes in the thymic gland is reviewed.

title: Differential expression of LAMPs and ubiquitin in XXXX thymus.

entities_list: @entity3220 :: ('3916', 'Gene') :: ['LAMP-1', 'Lysosome-associated membrane proteins 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymoma', 'thymomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The effects of 4-6 weeks treatment with placebo, @entity4337 32 mmol 12 hourly, and @entity1482 25 mg 12 hourly upon the plasma @entity972 concentration-time profile were examined in @entity101 @entity1 taking @entity3592 5 mg daily. 2. When compared with placebo, @entity4337 increased peak plasma @entity972 concentration (P less than 0.05), 12 h AUC for plasma @entity972 (P less than 0.1), and 12 h urine @entity972 excretion (P = 0.002). @entity1482 increased peak plasma @entity972 concentration (P less than 0.05), and 12 h AUC for plasma @entity972 (P less than 0.05), compared with placebo values. 3. @entity4337 and @entity1482 did not differ significantly in any respect other than 12 h urine @entity972 excretion. The 12 h AUC for plasma @entity972 was 35% larger with @entity1482 than @entity4337 (not significant). 4. With both active drugs peak plasma @entity972 was observed 2-3 h after dosing, and efficacy tended to wane towards 12 h. However, variability of plasma @entity972 within the dose interval was not increased markedly, and 12 hourly dosing is probably satisfactory for both @entity4337 and @entity1482 at the doses studied.

title: Adequacy of twice daily dosing with XXXX and @entity1482 in thiazide treated @entity101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3592 :: ('MESH:D001539', 'Chemical') :: ['bendrofluazide']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium chloride', 'potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone', 'Spironolactone']

answer: @entity4337 :: (MESH:D011189,Chemical) :: ['potassium chloride']


abstract: Peripheral blood TCR-gamma delta cells with different functional V gamma or V delta gene rearrangements represent two nonoverlapping subsets. The major subset uses the V gamma 9 and the V delta 2 gene segments and the minor subset the V delta 1 gene segments in its functional TCR rearrangement. Upon in vitro activation, these TCR-gamma delta lymphocytes display MHC-unrestricted lytic activity, against a wide variety of @entity5 cells of distinct histologic origin. Here we show that fresh TCR-gamma delta lymphocytes that express a V gamma 9-V delta 2 encoded TCR display a specific proliferative response to Daudi, @entity2109 cells. Moreover, cloned V gamma 9-V delta 2 lymphocytes show the capacity to lyse Daudi cells, whereas none of the cloned V gamma 1 TCR-gamma delta lymphocytes shows such specificity. Nucleotide diversity at the V-D-J junction of the TCR-V delta 2 gene did not contribute to this Daudi cell specificity. Comparison of the MHC-unrestricted cytolytic capacities of the V gamma 9-V delta 2 and the V delta 1 clones using a panel of distinct types of @entity5 target cells showed that on average, the level of MHC unrestricted lysis of V gamma 9-V delta 2 clones against these @entity5 cells exceeded that of V delta 1 clones. However, in contrast to all these @entity5 cell lines, only the Daudi cells showed such an absolute distinction in susceptibility to lysis by V gamma 9-V delta 2 and V delta 1 clones. V gamma 9-V delta 2 clones that were generated with a stimulator cell other than Daudi did not lyse their stimulator cells but nevertheless showed specific cytolysis of Daudi cells. The specific proliferation to and cytolysis of Daudi cells of the entire V gamma 9-V delta 2 subpopulation of TCR-gamma delta lymphocytes is reminiscent of a superantigen response.

title: Human V gamma 9-V delta 2 T cell receptor-gamma delta lymphocytes show specificity to Daudi XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity2109 :: (MESH:D002051,Disease) :: ['Burkitt's lymphoma']