abstract: HISTORY: A 10-year old Arabian mare had a slow-growing mass on the lower right mandible and required a large partial mandibulectomy. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: No abnormalities were detected apart from the mass. MANAGEMENT: A temporary tracheostomy was performed pre-operatively. Anesthesia was induced with @entity4763 followed by @entity3652 and @entity3175 . For 13  hours, anesthesia was maintained using @entity2614 , @entity6948 and @entity1937 infusions, with the exception of surgical preparation time. Intra-operatively, ventilation was delivered through the cuffed tracheotomy tube. Heart and respiratory rates, ECG, arterial pressures, inspired and expired gases, pulse oximetry values and body temperature were monitored. @entity452 and whole blood were necessary, and @entity6226 was used to control recovery. Post-operatively, @entity11464 and @entity4783 given systemically and @entity1341 administered through a wound soaker catheter were used to provide @entity1337 . Head-shaking from @entity4783 was controlled with @entity11988 and @entity4931 once standing after 87  minutes in recovery. For 3  days after surgery, @entity1337 was provided with @entity12691 , @entity11464 and @entity1341 . The mare recovered well, appeared comfortable and started eating the following day with no signs of @entity2616 . FOLLOW-UP: Seven months later, the mare was doing well. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2614 , @entity6948 and @entity1937 infusions were suitable for a long and invasive procedure.

title: Prolonged anesthesia using @entity2614 , @entity1937 and XXXX in a horse.

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity6226 :: ('MESH:C076257', 'Chemical') :: ['romifidine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity4931 :: ('MESH:C041255', 'Chemical') :: ['detomidine']

entities_list: @entity11988 :: ('MESH:D000075', 'Chemical') :: ['acepromazine']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity11464 :: ('MESH:D010653', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylbutazone']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: H2-receptor antagonists have been frequently avoided in @entity205 -treated transplant @entity1 because of concern regarding possible exacerbation of nephrotoxicity. To determine whether the reported increase of serum @entity1011 levels in @entity205 -treated transplant @entity1 receiving H2-receptor antagonists was due to a true decrease in glomerular filtration rate or was secondary to altered renal tubular handling of @entity1011 , simultaneous inulin and @entity1011 clearances were analyzed in 11 @entity205 -treated renal transplant recipients before and after H2-receptor antagonist administration. Seven @entity1 received one week of @entity4444 300 mg p.o. four times daily and eight received one week of @entity5616 150 mg p.o. two times daily. Prior to study, all @entity1 had stable renal function and were maintained on @entity229 (mean dose 0.2 +/- 0.01 mg/kg/day) and @entity205 (mean dose 5 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/day). Four @entity1 were also receiving @entity500 (2 mg/kg/day). @entity4444 administration resulted in a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in mean serum @entity1011 concentration from 2.0 +/- 0.3 mg/dl to 2.4 +/- 0.3 mg/dl and a significant reduction (P less than 0.05) in mean @entity1011 clearance remained unchanged during this same period. Serum @entity1011 levels returned to baseline values for all @entity1 following discontinuation of the drug. @entity5616 administration had no consistent effect on serum @entity1011 concentration, @entity1011 clearance or inulin clearance. @entity205 trough levels and BUN were unchanged by either drug. These results confirm previous observations demonstrating an increase in serum @entity1011 and a reduction in @entity1011 clearance following administration of H2 receptor antagonists, especially @entity4444 . Failure to document a simultaneous reduction in inulin clearance is consistent with the hypothesis that H2-receptor antagonists do not exacerbate @entity205 nephrotoxicity and lower GFR, but rather compete with @entity1011 for tubular secretion.

title: Effects of H2-receptor antagonists on renal function in XXXX -treated renal transplant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine', 'Cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment for @entity1 with major @entity1317 associated with @entity130 . METHODS: A total of 196 @entity1 , aged from 4-67 years with the mean age of 29.88 years, had major @entity1317 associated with @entity130 and were treated in our hospital in a period of 44 years. The most common mechanism of @entity130 was blunt @entity130 (67.3%), open injuries accounted for 32.4% and 54.5% of the injuries were located in the lower extremities. The @entity1317 frequently happened in the femoral artery (26.7%) and popliteal artery (20.3%). The treatment principle consisted of aggressive resuscitation, Doppler imaging and stable bone internal fixation with subsequent vascular repair and debridement. The vascular repair for injuries included end-to-end @entity254 (80 cases, 39.6%), interpositional vein graft (94, 46.5%), vascular decompression through @entity174 distraction (18, 8.9%), arterial ligation (6, 3.0%), vein patch (2, 1.0%), bypass graft (2, 1.0%), venous repair including autogenous vein graft (9, 24.3%) and ligation (28, 75.7%) and prophylactical fasciotomy (15, 7.4%). Postoperative amputation was performed in 16 cases (16.3%). RESULTS: No intraoperative death was observed and all @entity174 united within 6 months. Limbs were salvaged in 180 @entity1 (91.8%). Among these @entity1 , early complications were found in 19 @entity1 (9.7%) and late complications were observed in 8 @entity1 (4.1%). CONCLUSIONS: A well-organized approach, based on a specific treatment principle, not only improves clinical outcome but also does good to excellent functional recovery for @entity1 with severe @entity130 and @entity455 .

title: Orthopedic XXXX of limbs associated with @entity1317 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orthopedic injuries', 'traumatic orthopedic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a @entity6 and lipid screening program in @entity1 aged 35 or older who either were currently using a low- @entity172 -dose oral contraceptive (OC) (0.03-0.04 @entity2082 ) or who desired to initiate low-dose OC therapy after using a non-OC method or following a recent pregnancy. METHODS: Healthy @entity1 with no history of abnormal @entity413 tolerance, @entity101 , or @entity407 aged 35 years and older were routinely screened for @entity6 (fasting and 2-hour values after 75 g @entity413 ) and @entity2299 (fasting total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein [LDL] @entity165 , and @entity1674 ). Three groups of @entity1 were studied: @entity1 currently using low-dose OCs (OC group), @entity1 desiring to change to OC therapy (non-OC group), and @entity1 within 3 months post-pregnancy (postpartum group). RESULTS: The three groups were similar in age, parity, body mass index (BMI), and mean arterial pressure. The mean months of contraceptive use were not different between the OC group (30.2 months; 95% confidence interval [CI] 26.6-33.8) and the non-OC group (38.4 months; 95% CI 32.0-44.8). The mean fasting serum @entity413 , after adjusting for age and BMI, was significantly lower in the OC group (82.4 +/- 9.4 mg/dL) than in the non-OC and postpartum groups (87.2 +/- 12.5 and 86.8 +/- 13.0 mg/dL, respectively; P = .01). After adjustments, no differences between the groups were found in the 2-hour post- @entity413 levels, @entity1674 , or HDL or LDL @entity165 levels. The non-OC group was found to have a significantly lower total @entity165 level (188.7 +/- 32.4 mg/dL) than the OC and postpartum groups (202.7 +/- 38.1 and 204.4 +/- 41.0 mg/dL; P = .02) after adjusting for age and BMI. This association lost its significance after applying multiple range tests, maintaining an alpha error of 0.05. CONCLUSION: The absence of significant adverse metabolic markers in longer-term OC users over the age of 35, in comparison to similar-age control groups, does not support the routine use of lipid and @entity6 screening before initiating or during the use of low-dose OCs.

title: Evaluation of routine XXXX and lipid screening after age 35 in candidates for or current users of oral contraceptives.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distal embolization during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may deteriorate microvascular reperfusion in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Reperfusion at the coronary microvascular level is important for @entity583 and culprit plaque is associated with distal embolization and microvascular reperfusion. ST-segment resolution (ST-R) in the electrocardiogram reflects microvascular reperfusion after primary PCI. Longitudinal extent of lipid pool assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) may predict the risk of failure of microvascular reperfusion after primary PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study consisted of 39 @entity1 with @entity583 who underwent primary PCI within 24h after the onset of @entity662 . Immediately after thrombectomy, OCT was performed and length of lipid pool was measured. Microvascular reperfusion after primary PCI was assessed by ST-R, which was defined as >50% decrease in ST elevation at 1h after primary PCI. There were 23 @entity1 with ST-R and 16 @entity1 without ST-R, with no significant difference in baseline clinical and angiographical variables between the 2 groups. Final thrombolysis in @entity583 3 flow was obtained in all of the @entity1 . Peak @entity908 kinase was significantly higher in the ST-R (-) group than in the ST-R (+) group (p=0.01). Length of lipid pool was 10.1    2.8mm in the ST-R (-) group and 7.8    3.2mm in the ST-R (+) group (p=0.02). In receiver operating characteristics curve assessing the ability of length of lipid pool to predict ST-R, area under the curve was 0.74 (p=0.02). Length of lipid pool >9.0mm best predicted the absence of ST-R with sensitivity 88% and specificity 78%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that length of lipid pool estimated by OCT may predict microvascular no-reflow after primary PCI.

title: Longitudinal extent of lipid pool assessed by optical coherence tomography predicts microvascular no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Importance: The presence of extracapsular spread (ECS) of metastatic nodes is considered a poor prognosticator in @entity135 , with postoperative chemoradiation therapy often recommended over radiation therapy alone in such cases. However, there is less clarity regarding the effect of ECS on @entity1082 -associated @entity957 ( @entity957 ) or @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Objective: To investigate the association of ECS according to @entity1082 status in @entity957 and @entity189 with survival. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : This investigation was a retrospective cohort study performed between August 1998 and March 2015 at an @entity4207 teaching hospital. @entity1 were 83 @entity1 with @entity957 (n   =   62) or @entity189 (n   =   21) undergoing neck dissection as part of initial treatment. Main Outcome and Measures: @entity1082 status was determined by @entity986 immunohistochemistry. The presence of ECS was extrapolated from pathology reports, and the extent of ECS was determined by rereview of original pathology slides. @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were assessed. Results: Among 83 @entity1 (71 male), there were 45 @entity986 -positive and 38 @entity986 -negative @entity5 . Fifty-one @entity1 had ECS, which was graded as extensive in 43 cases. The median follow-up was 31 months for all @entity1 and 50 months for surviving @entity1 . Among the entire cohort, adverse predictors of @entity1349 were @entity986 -negative status (hazard ratio [HR], 9.4; 95% CI, 3.3-27.2) and ECS (HR, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.0-21.6). Adverse predictors of @entity66 were @entity986 -negative status (HR, 16.8; 95% CI, 3.9-71.2) and ECS (HR, 8.3; 95% CI, 2.0-35.3). Among @entity986 -negative @entity1 , ECS was significantly associated with worse @entity1349 (HR, 9.7; 95% CI, 1.3-72.3) and @entity66 (HR, 8.7; 95% CI, 1.1-62.7). In contrast, among @entity986 -positive @entity1 , ECS had no effect on @entity1349 (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.2-7.8) or @entity66 (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.1-18.7). Conclusions and Relevance: The presence of ECS appears to be associated with survival in @entity957 and @entity189 according to @entity986 status. Our findings raise questions regarding the benefits of postoperative chemoradiation therapy in @entity986 -positive @entity1 with ECS.

title: Association of Extracapsular Spread With Survival According to @entity1082 Status in XXXX and @entity189 of Unknown Primary Site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Disease-specific survival', 'DSS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma', 'OPSCC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['CUP', 'carcinoma of unknown primary site']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus', 'Human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Oropharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Psychosis is characterized by an elementary lack of trust in others. Trust is an inherently rewarding aspect of successful social interactions and can be examined using neuroeconomic paradigms. This study was aimed at investigating the underlying neural basis of diminished trust in @entity716 . Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 20 @entity1 with @entity716 and 20 healthy control subjects during two multiple-round trust games; one with a cooperative and the other with a deceptive counterpart. An a priori region of interest analysis of the right caudate nucleus, right temporo-parietal junction and medial prefrontal cortex was performed focusing on the repayment phase of the games. For regions with group differences, correlations were calculated between the haemodynamic signal change, behavioural outcomes and @entity1 ' symptoms. @entity1 demonstrated reduced levels of baseline trust, indicated by smaller initial investments. For the caudate nucleus, there was a significant game * group interaction, with controls showing stronger activation for the cooperative game than @entity1 , and no differences for the deceptive game. The temporo-parietal junction was significantly more activated in control subjects than in @entity1 during cooperative and deceptive repayments. There were no significant group differences for the medial prefrontal cortex. @entity1 ' reduced activation within the caudate nucleus correlated negatively with @entity10963 scores. The temporo-parietal junction signal was positively correlated with positive symptom scores during deceptive repayments. Reduced sensitivity to social reward may explain the basic loss of trust in @entity716 , mediated by aberrant activation of the caudate nucleus and the temporo-parietal junction.

title: Trust versus XXXX : abnormal response to social reward in @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity10963 :: (MESH:D010259,Disease) :: ['paranoia']


abstract: We have identified a @entity1025 -dependent endonuclease from IM9 cell lysates and culture medium using DNA-native- @entity2975 gel electrophoresis (DNA-native-PAGE) nuclease assay system. This particular endonuclease activity was not detectable in conventional DNA- @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis assay system which is similar to the method originally described by Rosenthal and Lacks (A.L. Rosenthal and S.A. Lacks, Anal. Biochem. 80 (1977) 76-90). Experimental results clearly demonstrated that the endonuclease activity was not derived from the fetal calf serum in which the cells were grown, but synthesized in the cell and secreted into the culture medium by IM9 cells. Biosynthesis and subsequent release of the endonuclease into the culture medium were significantly decreased by pretreatment of the cells with @entity4316 . Using supercoiled plasmid DNA as a substrate, the endonuclease activity was determined with the enzyme isolated from the cell culture medium by native-PAGE electroelution. The endonuclease, with @entity1025 alone, was able to catalyze the conversion of the plasmid into linear DNA followed by further degradation. This is the first report demonstrating that a distinct @entity1025 -dependent endonuclease is secreted by a @entity1 immune cell line.

title: Identification of an endonuclease secreted by XXXX B lymphoblastic IM9 cells.

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical phenotype and the intrafamilial variation in retinal findings in a North American family with an @entity74 that maps to chromosome 6q14. METHODS: Ophthalmic examinations were carried out on participating family members. Fundus photographs were obtained whenever possible. Electroretinography was performed on the proband and her father. Blood was drawn for DNA analysis. RESULTS: Twelve family members had drusen and/or @entity1020 . The disease in asymptomatic young adults is characterized by fine drusen that are most conspicuous in the macula. The proband presented at 3 years of age with @entity3202 and drusen. Her cousin was found to have @entity66 and drusen in the first year of life. Two older affected individuals have @entity227 from cicatricial and atrophic macular changes. The gene for the disease was mapped to chromosome 6q14 and appears to be adjacent to but distinct from the locus for North @entity1020 . CONCLUSIONS: There is extreme variability in the clinical expression of this dominant form of @entity1020 . Most young adults have fine macular @entity227 . Affected @entity1 and @entity1 may have congenital @entity3202 and drusen. There is historical evidence of progression of the disease in late adulthood with moderate @entity227 .

title: Clinical spectrum of chromosome 6-linked autosomal dominant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['drusen and good vision', 'visual loss', 'reduced vision']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic macular lesions']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant drusen disorder']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic macular degeneration', 'drusen and macular degeneration', 'Carolina macular dystrophy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['drusen and macular degeneration']


abstract: A 35-year-old @entity1 is described who had diffuse @entity298 resulting from duodenal ulcer perforation. Due to the extent and progression of inflammatory changes the abdominal wall was not sutured and the peritoneal cavity was repeatedly controlled. The @entity1 was operated on as an emergency case in the 49th hour after appearance of clinical symptoms. About 5 1 of pus was found in the peritoneum, with fibrin-caused adhesions between intestinal loops with their segmental occlusion. The hole in the duodenal wall was sutured with single sutures, the abdominal cavity was washed with about 10 1 of. 0.02% @entity5164 solution. Further controls of the abdominal cavity were done on days 3 and 5 after operation removing a small abscess between intestinal loops on the 3rd day and reducing recent ileus due to gumming up of loops on days 3 and 5. During the last control the @entity1 -Philips procedure was done in anticipation of another ileus. After finding of complete absence of inflammatory peritoneal changes the abdominal wall was closed ith sutures. The @entity1 was discharged on the 30th day with a healed surgical wound. Control examination after 7 months showed a @entity6632 and linear scar at the site of duodenal perforation.

title: [A case of XXXX treated by the "in the open" method].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['purulent peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['hibitane']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['very good general condition']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['purulent peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to know whether the changes in indexes of overweight, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and percentage of overweight (POW) (%), really represent the tendency toward @entity28 , we examined longitudinal individual changes in these indexes, and the change in body composition in @entity1 during early pubertal period. METHODS: The subjects were 50 school @entity1 who lived in Shizuoka, Japan. Standing height and weight were measured, and BMI and POW were obtained. Body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) were estimated by bioelectrical impedance method. The influence of predictive variables (LBM, FM) on the changes in BMI and POW was investigated by multiple regression analysis. We examined the 3-year changes in BMI, POW and predictive variables in each individual, from 9 to 12 years of age. RESULTS: The mean change of BMI was 1.7 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SEM) kg/m2 and that of POW was 2.2 +/- 1.9%. The influence of predictive variables on the changes in BMI and POW was determined. The variance of the change in POW could be explained by that in FM (r(2) = 0.737, P < 0.0001), while the change in BMI was influenced by both LBM and FM (r2 = 0.891, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the definition of @entity28 , POW is the better index of body @entity1386 to assess its individual change for @entity1 during early pubertal period, because the index independent from the change in LBM is supposed to be the appropriate index for @entity28 in practical use.

title: Assessment of individual changes in body XXXX in @entity1 during early pubertal period.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['fatness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety of @entity3926 , @entity3925 , or @entity5424 with dual antiplatelet therapy in @entity1 with @entity1187 . DATA SOURCES: A literature search of MEDLINE (1946-January 2013) was conducted, using the search terms @entity3926 , @entity3925 , or @entity5424 in combination with dual antiplatelet therapy. A search of literature citations was conducted to identify additional references. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Randomized controlled trials involving the use of one of the new anticoagulants with concomitant dual antiplatelet therapy were included in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Five randomized controlled trials were reviewed, including 1 trial of @entity3926 , 2 trials of @entity3925 , and 2 trials of @entity5424 . These studies were conducted in @entity1 with a recent @entity1187 , so most @entity1 were receiving @entity117 and @entity1397 as dual antiplatelet therapy in addition to a therapeutic dose of one of the anticoagulants. The 3 Phase 2 dose-ranging trials (1 each of @entity3926 , @entity3925 , and @entity5424 ) found an increasing risk of major and clinically relevant nonmajor @entity548 with increasing doses of the anticoagulants. The Phase 3 trial of @entity5424 was terminated early due to an excess of @entity548 events, and the trial of @entity3925 also found an increased risk of @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: The emerging use of @entity3926 , @entity3925 , and @entity5424 into clinical practice has introduced additional management options, but also safety concerns when combined with antiplatelet agents. Due to the increased risk of @entity548 when combining an anticoagulant with 2 antiplatelet agents, clinicians should monitor and educate @entity1 on avoiding potential complications. The need for continued triple regimens should be periodically reviewed.

title: Safety of new oral anticoagulants with dual antiplatelet therapy in XXXX with @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of intravenous @entity6555 and intravenous @entity2514 for acutely lowering blood pressure in the puerperium. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Critical care unit of gynecology and obstetrics department in the Complejo hospitalario "Dr. AAM" de la Caja de Seguro Social in Panama. POPULATION: Eighty-two @entity1 with severe @entity101 during the postpartum period. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity2514 (5 mg as a slow bolus dose given intravenously, and repeated every 20 minutes to a maximum of five doses) or @entity6555 (20 mg in an intravenous bolus dose followed by 40 mg if not effective within 20 minutes, followed by 80 mg every 20 minutes to a maximum dose of 300 mg). The primary endpoint was the successful lowering of blood pressure. Secondary endpoints were maternal complications and side-effects. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were enrolled in the @entity2514 group and 40 in the @entity6555 group. @entity1 were similar with respect to characteristics at randomization. No significant differences were observed for persistent severe @entity101 or maternal side-effects. There was only one case of persistent severe @entity101 in the @entity6555 group. There were no maternal deaths in any of the @entity1 studied. CONCLUSIONS: This randomized clinical trial shows that intravenous @entity2514 and intravenous @entity6555 are effective and safe in the management of severe @entity101 in the postpartum period.

title: Management of severe @entity101 in the postpartum period with intravenous @entity2514 or XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

answer: @entity6555 :: (MESH:D007741,Chemical) :: ['labetalol']


abstract: Clinically nonfunctioning @entity977 represent one-third of @entity5 submitted to surgery. Symptoms consist mainly of @entity227 and there is no evidence of hormonal hypersecretion. Most nonfunctioning @entity977 express genes of glycoprotein hormone subunit(s), and release these hormones in vitro. Thirty per cent of @entity5 do not synthesize any recognizable pituitary hormones. The first-line treatment is surgery, with the aim of removing as much of the @entity5 as possible and of reducing @entity227 without excessive risks 80% of @entity1 show visual improvement postoperatively. @entity5 remnants exist in 30 to 50% of cases; radiation therapy is applied when @entity5 removal is incomplete. Recurrence of @entity5 and @entity227 and/or an increase in the size of the @entity5 is noted in about 20% of cases even after radiation therapy. Medical treatment is used when @entity5 resection is impossible or hazardous. Long-term @entity935 agonist treatment in a few cases can induce rapid and partial improvement and small decrease in @entity5 size in about 15%. @entity1943 analogues can induce an early visual improvement in limited cases, but little visible @entity5 shrinkage. @entity1176 analogues have been used in gonadotrophin-secreting @entity5 ; super agonists seem unable to reduce secretion and @entity5 size.

title: Management of nonfunctioning XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual defects', 'visual signs', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumours', 'Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: The efficacy of oral @entity7306 and @entity2683 used alone or in combination was studied in 75 @entity1 with frequent @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ). The efficacy was evaluated with 24-hour ambulatory ECG and greater than or equal to 75% reduction in the number of @entity1540 was defined as effective. When @entity7306 or @entity2683 were ineffective or not tolerated, the alternative drug was administered and the efficacy was again evaluated. If the single administration of neither drug was effective, the combination of @entity7306 and @entity2683 was then given. Either @entity7306 or @entity2683 was effective in 48 @entity1 , and neither drug was effective in 19 @entity1 . In 19 @entity1 unresponsive to both drugs, combination therapy was effective in six @entity1 (32%). Both drugs caused side effects or one drug caused side effects and another drug was ineffective in eight @entity1 . In five out of those @entity1 , we attempted combined therapy with a reduced dosage of those drugs that caused side effects. This therapy was effective in two @entity1 without intolerable side effects. Thus, when the single use of neither @entity7306 nor @entity2683 single-drug therapy is effective, it is worthwhile to try combination therapy. Also, combination therapy with a reduced dosage of the drugs that caused side effects might be the therapy of choice in @entity1 who have developed dose-dependent side effects.

title: Efficacy of @entity7306 and @entity2683 used alone or in combination in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature beats', 'VPBs']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine']

answer: @entity1540 :: (MESH:D018879,Disease) :: ['ventricular premature beats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the value of unusual electroretinogram (ERG) findings (negative ERG, which is selective reduction in the amplitude of the b-wave) in the differential diagnosis of @entity15535 in the military. METHODS: We surveyed 3 years of data. Presumptive and final clinical diagnoses before and after negative ERG recordings were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 495 ERGs were included. The mean age was 22 +/- 2.5 years (range, 20-33 years). Twenty-two @entity1 (4.4%) had negative ERG. Final clinical diagnoses could be made for all except two @entity1 (9%). The diagnoses were @entity14300 ( @entity14300 ) (14 @entity1 ), @entity9712 (five @entity1 ), and @entity3986 (one @entity1 ). Seven (50%) of 14 @entity1 with @entity14300 had normal fundal appearance, symptoms of @entity15535 , and a presumptive clinical diagnosis of malingering before the ERG test. CONCLUSION: Negative ERG may prevent misdiagnosis of malingering for @entity1 with @entity14300 with normal fundal appearance in the military.

title: Negative electroretinogram in the differential diagnosis of XXXX in the military.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15535 :: ('MESH:D009755', 'Disease') :: ['night blindness']

entities_list: @entity9712 :: ('MESH:D041441', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked juvenile retinoschisis']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity14300 :: ('MESH:C536122', 'Disease') :: ['CSNB', 'congenital stationary night blindness']

answer: @entity15535 :: (MESH:D009755,Disease) :: ['malingering of night blindness']


abstract: Wild-type @entity958 seedlings are capable of following two developmental programs: photomorphogenesis in the light and skotomorphogenesis in darkness. Screening of @entity958 mutants for constitutive photomorphogenic development in darkness resulted in the identification of three new loci designated @entity47336 , @entity47337 , and @entity47338 . Detailed examination of the temporal morphological and cellular differentiation patterns of wild-type and mutant seedlings revealed that in darkness, seedlings homozygous for recessive mutations in @entity47336 , @entity47337 , and @entity47338 failed to suppress the photomorphogenic developmental pathway and were unable to initiate skotomorphogenesis. As a consequence, the mutant seedlings grown in the dark had short hypocotyls and open and expanded cotyledons, with characteristic photomorphogenic cellular differentiation patterns and elevated levels of light-inducible gene expression. In addition, plastids of dark-grown mutants were defective in etioplast differentiation. Similar to @entity29820 and @entity46541 , and in contrast to @entity41745 (deetiolated), these new mutants lacked dark-adaptive change of light-regulated gene expression and retained normal phytochrome control of seed germination. Epistatic analyses with the long hypocotyl @entity45638 , @entity47339 , @entity28781 , @entity16606 , and @entity47340 mutations suggested that these three loci, similar to @entity29820 and @entity46541 , act downstream of both phytochromes and a blue light receptor, and probably @entity47340 as well. Further, @entity47336 -1, @entity47337 -1, and @entity47338 -1 mutants accumulated higher levels of @entity29820 , a feature similar to the @entity46541 -1 mutant. These results suggested that @entity47336 , @entity47337 , and @entity47338 , together with @entity29820 , @entity46541 , and @entity41745 , function to suppress the photomorphogenic developmental program and to promote skotomorphogenesis in darkness. The identical phenotypes resulting from mutations in @entity47336 , @entity46541 , @entity47337 , and @entity47338 imply that their encoded products function in close proximity, possibly with some of them as a complex, in the same signal transduction pathway.

title: @entity958 @entity47336 , XXXX , and @entity47338 genes are involved in repression of photomorphogenic development in darkness.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity47337 :: (820557(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['COP10']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Whether laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is superior to @entity1538 ( @entity7441 ) for simple (SA) and @entity698 ( @entity698 ) in @entity1 is debatable. The operative experience of 4 senior pediatric surgeons at a single institution was studied over a 6-year period during a transition from @entity7441 in all cases to LA in all cases, to answer this question. METHODS: All appendectomies from December 1993 to December 1999 were reviewed for @entity7441 ( @entity7441 , LA), presence of perforation (SA, @entity698 ), operating time (OT), length of stay (LOS), morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: There were 1,128 appendectomies in @entity1 aged 14 months to 19 years, including 955 LA (653 in SA, 302 in @entity698 ) and 173 @entity7441 (86 in SA, 87 in @entity698 ). OT was equal for LA and @entity7441 in SA (52 minutes), but has dropped to less than 40 minutes for LA in the past year. OT in @entity698 was slightly longer in LA versus @entity7441 (68 v. 58 minutes; P < .001) but recently has dropped in LA to less than 60 minutes. LOS in SA was 2 days for LA and 3 days for @entity7441 ; in @entity698 , LOS was 7 days in both LA and @entity7441 , but has dropped to 5 days for LA recently. @entity86 rates and incidence of @entity1744 did not differ between LA and @entity7441 in either group. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: LA is at least as safe and effective as, if not superior to, @entity7441 for both simple and @entity698 . @entity282 is less, and recovery is faster, thereby reducing LOS and overall cost. The growing demand for this procedure can be satisfied without increase in cost, morbidity, or mortality. Laparoscopic appendectomy is our procedure of choice in @entity1 .

title: Laparoscopic appendectomy for simple and @entity698 in XXXX : the procedure of choice?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open appendectomy']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'perforated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative abscess']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['operative technique', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Cetuximab (Cmab), a chimeric monoclonal antibody for targeting the @entity470 , has become one of the standard treatments for metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). However, only a small proportion of @entity1 respond to Cmab, and it has been reported that @entity984 mutation is a negative biomarker of response to Cmab therapy. The aim of this study was to detect additional biomarkers of response to Cmab therapy in @entity1 with mCRC. We evaluated the effects of Cmab therapy in 36 @entity1 with mCRC according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 , and classified @entity1 who achieved complete response, partial response or stable disease as responders, and @entity1 who achieved progressive disease as non-responders. We retrospectively examined the difference between the two groups using @entity984 analysis and immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of @entity5962 , @entity876 and Ki67. Nineteen @entity1 were responders, while 17 @entity1 were non-responders. @entity984 status and expression of @entity5962 were significantly correlated with the effect of Cmab therapy. Moreover, the expression of @entity5962 was significantly correlated with the effect of Cmab therapy in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 . In @entity984 mutant-type @entity1 , the expression of @entity5962 did not significantly correlate with the effect of Cmab therapy, but all responders with @entity984 mutant-type tumors expressed @entity5962 . Our results indicate that the expression of @entity5962 detected by immunohistochemistry may be a positive predictor of Cmab-based therapy in mCRC, and that a combination of @entity5962 immunohistochemistry and @entity984 analysis may be a more sensitive biomarker than @entity984 analysis alone.

title: Expression of @entity5962 and @entity984 mutation may serve as biomarkers of cetuximab-based therapy in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Abdominal operations for @entity3577 are associated with lower recurrence rates than perineal procedures but presumed higher morbidity. Therefore, perineal procedures are recommended for @entity1 deemed unfit for abdominal repair. Consequently, bias confounds retrospective comparisons of the two approaches. To clarify the impact of operative approach on outcomes, we analyzed abdominal and perineal procedures in a propensity score-matched analysis. We selected @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity3577 from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set from 2005 to 2010. We grouped procedures as abdominal or perineal. We identified preoperative variables predictive of complications and regressed against operative approach. The resulting propensity score was used to select a matched cohort with similar clinical risk. We identified 2188 @entity1 (848 abdominal [38.8%]; 1340 perineal [61.2%]). @entity1 undergoing the perineal approach had higher rates of most risk variables. Propensity matching resulted in 563 matched pairs (1126 @entity1 ) with similar clinical risk. In this matched cohort, no significant difference was found in the rate of any complication between the operative approaches; mortality was 0.9 per cent in each group (P = 1.0). Relative risk for major morbidity after abdominal approach was 1.39 (95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 2.10; P = 0.15). Although many @entity1 with @entity3577 are high risk for abdominal surgery, our study indicates that many @entity1 treated by perineal repair could be safely treated with a more durable operation.

title: Abdominal versus perineal approach for treatment of XXXX : comparable safety in a propensity-matched cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['rectal prolapse']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['rectal prolapse']


abstract: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a progressive, @entity179 characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons. @entity746 is considered to be a complex trait and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated a few susceptibility loci. However, many more causal loci remain to be discovered. Since it has been shown that genetic variants associated with complex traits are more likely to be eQTLs than frequency-matched variants from GWAS platforms, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide screening for eQTLs associated with @entity746 . In addition, we applied an eQTL analysis to finemap association loci. Expression profiles using peripheral blood of 323 @entity4572 @entity1 and 413 controls were mapped to genome-wide genotyping data. Subsequently, data from a two-stage GWAS (3,568 @entity1 and 10,163 controls) were used to prioritize eQTLs identified in the first stage (162 @entity746 , 207 controls). These prioritized eQTLs were carried forward to the second sample with both gene-expression and genotyping data (161 @entity746 , 206 controls). Replicated eQTL SNPs were then tested for association in the second-stage GWAS data to find SNPs associated with disease, that survived correction for multiple testing. We thus identified twelve cis eQTLs with nominally significant associations in the second-stage GWAS data. Eight SNP-transcript pairs of highest significance (lowest p = 1.27   10(-51)) withstood multiple-testing correction in the second stage and modulated @entity17283 gene expression. Additionally, we show that @entity3301 appears to be the only gene in the 9p21.2 locus that is regulated in cis, showing the potential of this approach in identifying causative genes in association loci in @entity746 . This study has identified candidate genes for @entity4572 , most notably @entity17283 . Mutations in @entity17283 are causal to @entity4740 which can present as a clinical mimic of @entity746 with progressive upper motor neuron loss, making it a plausible susceptibility gene for @entity746 .

title: Mapping of gene expression reveals XXXX as a susceptibility gene for @entity4572 .

entities_list: @entity4572 :: ('MESH:C566291', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic ALS']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity4740 :: ('MESH:D019294', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis']

answer: @entity17283 :: (1593,Gene) :: ['CYP27A1']


abstract: CONTEXT: Endogenous hormones are a primary cause of @entity0 . Adiposity affects circulating hormones, particularly in postmenopausal @entity1 , and may be a modifiable risk factor for @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations of adult weight change since age 18 years and since menopause with the risk of @entity0 among postmenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Prospective cohort study within the Nurses' Health Study. A total of 87,143 postmenopausal @entity1 , aged 30 to 55 years and free of @entity5 , were followed up for up to 26 years (1976-2002) to assess weight change since age 18 years. Weight change since menopause was assessed among 49,514 @entity1 who were followed up for up to 24 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of @entity0 . RESULTS: Overall, 4393 cases of @entity0 were documented. Compared with those who maintained weight, @entity1 who gained 25.0 kg or more since age 18 years were at an increased risk of @entity0 (relative risk [RR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-1.66; P<.001 for trend), with a stronger association among @entity1 who have never taken postmenopausal hormones (RR,1.98; 95% CI, 1.55-2.53). Compared with weight maintenance, @entity1 who gained 10.0 kg or more since menopause were at an increased risk of @entity0 (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.35; P = .002 for trend). @entity1 who had never used postmenopausal hormones, lost 10.0 kg or more since menopause, and kept the weight off were at a lower risk than those who maintained weight (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.86; P = .01 for @entity353 trend). Overall, 15.0% (95% CI, 12.8%-17.4%) of @entity0 cases in this population may be attributable to @entity1017 of 2.0 kg or more since age 18 years and 4.4% (95% CI, 3.6%-5.5%) attributable to @entity1017 of 2.0 kg or more since menopause. Among those who did not use postmenopausal hormones, the population attributable risks are 24.2% (95% CI, 19.8%-29.1%) for a @entity1017 since age 18 years and 7.6% (95% CI, 5.9%-9.7%) for @entity1017 since menopause. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity1017 during adult life, specifically since menopause, increases the risk of @entity0 among postmenopausal @entity1 , whereas @entity353 after menopause is associated with a decreased risk of @entity0 . Thus, in addition to other known benefits of healthy weight, our results provide another reason for @entity1 approaching menopause to maintain or lose weight, as appropriate.

title: Adult weight change and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal breast cancer']


abstract: Six @entity291 @entity378 -free @entity2498 hinds were introduced in October 1993 to a 1.8 ha enclosure, within a larger field study site known to contain tuberculous possums, and kept there for 9 months. A @entity2497 -infected possum was found in the vicinity of the deer enclosure 3 weeks after the introduction. Subsequently, a further eleven infected possums were found in the area. The deer were monitored by repeated composite antibody detection ELISA and lymphocyte transformation assays for @entity378 , interpreted in parallel, by skin testing and by routine culturing of samples collected from potential excretion sites. Lymphocyte transformation assay evidence of @entity2499 @entity281 in four hinds was first observed 4 months after introduction. One other hind became @entity291 tuberculin lymphocyte transformation assay positive in the 5th month. Positive or equivocal @entity291 reactivity remained evident at most test episodes. A comparative cervical skin test performed in July 1994, shortly before slaughter, was positive in these five hinds. @entity2497 was recovered off swabs from the oropharyngeal tonsils of two hinds during routine sampling. Detailed necropsy of the six deer revealed a single typical @entity66 in only one, but culturing of various tissue specimens ascertained that the five blood test and comparative cervical skin test-positive animals were all infected. @entity2497 was cultured from the oropharyngeal tonsils of four and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes of two of the deer with no typical gross lesions. Six additional @entity378 -free hinds were introduced to the enclosure in April 1994 and kept there for 12 months. Four of these animals showed a positive lymphocyte transformation assay response to @entity2499 after 9 weeks, but no significant reactivity thereafter. Concurrent observational studies suggest that five of the first six deer probably became infected through close inspection and investigation of the tuberculous possums, although the possibility of deer-to-deer transmission cannot be totally excluded. The likely deer-possum contact, and thus exposure to @entity2499 , was related to the curiosity and social ranking of the hinds. The second group appear to have had transient exposure to @entity2499 , possibly caused by direct contact with the infected hinds introduced earlier. This group never showed any curiosity toward, or interaction with, possums during the periods of observation.

title: @entity281 of @entity2498 with XXXX @entity378 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lesion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Although the mechanism of @entity364 , particularly that of @entity1292 , has been studied extensively, much still remains to be clarified. As is the case of certain @entity2348 , it has long been assumed by numerous investigators that some toxins, enzymes and other metabolites produced in vitro as well as in vivo by pathogenic fungi or their cellular constituents might be responsible for the establishment of @entity364 . However, there are very few papers which deal with isolation and/or characterization of pathogenic fungus-derived toxins, particularly those of high molecular weight, to sufficiently meet various criteria for toxins including etiopathological ability. Likewise, it has been speculated that certain enzymes produced by pathogenic fungi are related to the pathogenesis of @entity281 with the fungi implicated, but no direct evidence has been provided. It is commonly held by researchers concerned with medical mycology that the lowering of specific and/or nonspecific resistance of a host to pathogenic fungi is a prerequisite for the establishment of @entity281 , particularly @entity1292 . However, it is also accepted that if a given fungus possesses no parasite factors (e.g. toxigenicity, invasiveness and others), it would be unable to initiate @entity281 even when the host is in a severe @entity465 state. This is supported by our recent studies working with @entity375 and some other so-called nonpathogenic @entity375 (unpublished data). Based on these considerations, the author and his co-workers have attempted to isolate several high and low molecular weight toxins in a pure state from virulent strains of @entity5132 and @entity54 as opportunist. Studies have also been made on the etiopathological roles of some successfully isolated toxins in @entity281 with the fungi implicated (46). In addition to our experimental results, general concepts in fungal toxins, particularly those related to such toxins as isolated in our laboratory are outlined. Since @entity1292 have created a global problem because of their world-wide prevalence, a sharp demarcation between the so-called pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi has become vague. Despite this situation, two terms are conventionally used throughout this paper.

title: Fungal toxins as a parasitic factor responsible for the establishment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic fungus infections', 'opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'yeasts']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Local anesthetics inhibit bacteria growth in culture although this effect diminishes as the concentration of the drug is reduced. The antimicrobial properties of opioids are unknown. This study was designed to determine the ability of @entity3303 and @entity1341 , with or without @entity3575 or @entity681 , to inhibit bacteria growth in culture at concentrations typically used to provide @entity1337 . METHODS: Potential bacteria pathogens were cultured in agar media containing: agar alone, 2%, 1.5%, and 1% @entity3303 , 0.5%, 0.25%, and 0.125% @entity1341 , 0.125% @entity1341 + @entity3575 2 mcgs/mL, 0.125% @entity1341 + @entity681 0.3 mcgs/mL, and @entity3575 5 mcgs/mL, @entity3575 2 mcgs/mL or @entity681 0.3 mcgs/mL. Organisms were deemed sensitive to the study agent if no growth was apparent after incubation for 24 hours. RESULTS: Both @entity3303 and @entity1341 significantly reduced bacteria growth at all concentrations studied compared to the growth observed in agar alone (P < .0001). This growth inhibition diminished as the concentration of local anesthetic was reduced especially for certain bacteria species for example. @entity794 (P < .0001). Neither @entity3575 nor @entity681 inhibited any bacterial growth in culture. CONCLUSIONS: Since the growth in culture of common pathogens, especially @entity794 , is not inhibited as the concentration of local anesthetic is reduced, the local anesthetics tested are unlikely to help prevent @entity1212 due to common pathogens. More study is necessary to determine if local anesthetics help prevent @entity281 from less common pathogens in @entity1 at increased risk for @entity166 .

title: Do agents used for epidural XXXX have antimicrobial properties?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['epidural-catheter-related infection']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity232 is a devastating disease that disfigures or kills nearly 2 million @entity1 each year. Establishment and persistence of @entity281 by the obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania requires repeated uptake by macrophages and other phagocytes. Therefore, preventing uptake could be a novel therapeutic strategy for @entity232 . Amastigotes, the life cycle stage found in the @entity1 host, bind Fc receptors and enter macrophages primarily through immunoglobulin-mediated phagocytosis. However, the host machinery that mediates amastigote uptake is poorly understood. We have shown that the @entity48527 / @entity534 non-receptor @entity4149 kinase facilitates L. amazonensis amastigote uptake by macrophages. Using small molecule inhibitors and primary macrophages lacking specific @entity7242 family kinases, we now demonstrate that the @entity2060 , @entity14289 , and @entity18226 kinases are also necessary for amastigote uptake by macrophages. @entity7242 -mediated @entity534 activation is required for efficient uptake. Interestingly, the dual @entity534 / @entity7242 kinase inhibitor @entity31438 , which is approved to treat @entity5 , not only decreases amastigote uptake, but also significantly reduces disease severity and parasite burden in @entity281 @entity19 . Our results suggest that @entity232 could potentially be treated with host cell-active agents such as kinase inhibitors.

title: The @entity7242 kinases @entity2060 , @entity14289 , and @entity18226 activate XXXX / @entity534 to facilitate IgG-mediated phagocytosis and @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31438 :: ('MESH:C471992', 'Chemical') :: ['bosutinib']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis', 'leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Leishmania-infected']

answer: @entity48527 :: (27,Gene) :: ['Abl2']


abstract: Several studies have demonstrated the long-term beneficial effects of beta-blockers in the treatment of @entity712 . Despite interest in this mode of therapy, clinical application of beta-blockers has been limited due to their negative inotropic effect. A subset of the @entity712 @entity1 do not show improvements with standard beta-blocker therapy. @entity1405 , a new nonselective beta-blocking agent with concurrent alpha-blocking properties, was evaluated in 17 @entity1 with chronic @entity712 secondary to @entity741 . All had resting left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 45% and were maintained on diuretic therapy. Acute hemodynamic measurements were made after administration of intravenous @entity1405 (2.5-7.5 mg) and after chronic therapy for 8 weeks (12.5 to 50 mg b.i.d.). Radionuclide ventriculography, ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring, and right heart catheterization were performed before and after 8 weeks of chronic therapy. Twelve @entity1 completed the study (five were withdrawn). Symptomatic and hemodynamic improvements were demonstrated in 11 of the 12 @entity1 after 8 weeks of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Can intravenous beta-blockade predict long-term hemodynamic benefit in chronic @entity712 secondary to XXXX ? A comparison of intravenous with oral @entity1405 .

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol', 'Carvedilol']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: The effect of several biotic and abiotic factors on the pattern of competition between two strains of @entity19062 was examined. In two Minnesota soils, Waseca and Waukegan, strain USDA 123 occupied 69% (Waseca) and 24% (Waukegan) of the root nodules on @entity1460 L. Merrill cv. Chippewa. USDA 110 occupied 2% of the root nodules in the Waseca soil and 12% of the nodules in the Waukegan soil. Under a variety of other growth conditions-vermiculite, vermiculite amended with Waseca soil, and two Hawaiian soils devoid of naturalized @entity19062 strains-USDA 110 was more competitive than USDA 123. The addition of @entity1507 to or the presence of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes in the rhizosphere of @entity1460 did not affect the pattern of competition between the two strains. However, preexposure of young seedings to USDA 110 or USDA 123 before transplantation into soil altered the pattern of competition between the two strains significantly. In the Waseca soil, preexposure of cv. Chippewa to USDA 110 for 72 h increased the percentage of nodules occupied by USDA 110 from 2 to 55%. Similarly, in the Hawaiian soil Waimea, nodule occupancy by USDA 123 increased from 7 to 33% after a 72-h preexposure.

title: Influence of Environmental Factors on Interstrain Competition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19062 :: ('375', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium japonicum']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybeans', 'Glycine max']

answer: @entity19062 :: (375,Species) :: ['Rhizobium japonicum']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effects of extraction of incipient @entity231 or clear lenses on @entity726 control in @entity1 with subacute or chronic @entity2747 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. METHODS: This retrospective analysis comprised 22 extracapsular lens extractions with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens in 18 @entity1 with chronic or subacute @entity2747 (Group 1). The effect of @entity726 control was evaluated using visual field examination, diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) curves, gonioscopic appearance, and number of antiglaucoma medications. The results were compared with those in 25 eyes of 19 @entity1 with chronic @entity2747 in whom a filtering procedure was performed (Group 2). RESULTS: @entity726 control was achieved in 15 eyes (68%) in Group 1 and in 17 eyes (68%) in Group 2. Mean preoperative IOP was 27.9 mm Hg +/- 8.1 (SD) and 29.0 +/- 7.7 mm Hg, respectively. Mean postoperative IOP was 17.1 +/- 2.9 mm Hg (Group 1) and 14.8 +/- 6.6 mm Hg (Group 2) after a mean follow-up of 52.6 and 58.9 months, respectively. Mean number of @entity551 medications preoperatively was 2.3 +/- 0.8 in Group 1 and 2.2 +/- 0.8 in Group 2 and at last follow-up, 1.3 +/- 0.7 and 0.52 +/- 0.8, respectively. Twenty eyes (91%) in Group 1 had the same or better final visual acuity than before surgery. In Group 2, the final visual acuity was unchanged or better in 13 eyes (52%) and worse in 12 eyes (48%); subsequent @entity231 surgery was performed in 9 (75%) of these 12 eyes. Additional incisional surgery was done or recommended in 6 eyes (27%) in Group 1 and 20 eyes in Group 2 (80%). CONCLUSION: Drainage surgery in @entity1 with @entity2747 proved to be associated with multiple surgical interventions and deterioration in visual function. The choice of first a @entity231 procedure with the option of a future trabeculectomy may be a more attractive approach in @entity1 with subacute or chronic @entity2747 than trabeculectomy followed by an optional @entity231 procedure.

title: Lens extraction for uncontrolled XXXX : long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A pluripotent progenitor cell was demonstrated to be involved in @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) with normal karyotype or with numerical chromosome aberrations, but the pattern of lineage involvement by the 5q31 deletion in the @entity7760 is unknown. We performed this study in order to define the distribution pattern of the @entity154 better in the non-lymphoid cell compartment DESIGN AND METHODS: Bone marrow (BM) smears from 8 @entity1 with the @entity7760 were studied by a modification of the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique that allowed direct visualization of cell morphology. A commercial LSI @entity5738 probe (Vysis Inc.) for the 5q31 band was used simultaneously in dual-color experiments with a chromosome-5-centromeric probe (Vysis Inc.) on BM smears from 8 @entity1 with the @entity7760 . As additional internal controls a chromosome-7-centromeric probe and a 7q31 probe were used. To establish the sensitivity limit of this approach 5 normal BM smears were studied. All 8 @entity1 had the 5q- chromosome as the sole anomaly in 45% to 75% of the interphase cells. RESULTS: For each @entity1 20-40 erythroblasts were analyzed: they were mostly proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts. In all @entity1 a clone carrying the 5q31 deletion was detected (35-50% of the cells, median 45%). Between 20-50 granulocyte precursors were scored; the 5q31 deletion was found in 40%-50% (median 45%) in all cases. The proportion of neutrophils carrying the 5q deletion was consistently lower than the corresponding value in promyelocytes (28.7% vs 45.6%). In the 20-25 megakaryocytes analyzable in all @entity1 , the overall incidence of 5q31 deletion was 52-68%. Equal proportions of large multilobular megakaryocytes and hypolobular megakaryocytes characteristic of the @entity7760 were scored: the latter cells showed the 5q31 deletion more frequently than the former cells (93.6% vs 19.3% of the cells). In 66% to 100% of the cases (median 83%) a few cells with uncondensed nuclear chromatin pattern, and two or three prominent nucleoli with cytoplasmatic hypogranulation were seen in each sample carrying the 5q31 deletion. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: We arrived at the following conclusions: i) the transformation in the @entity7760 involves an early progenitor cell retaining the ability to proceed along multiple differentiation pathways; ii) there is a preferential distribution of the 5q31 deletion within immature cells and morphologically abnormal megakaryocytes.

title: Multilineage involvement in the XXXX : a fluorescent in situ hybridization study on bone marrow smears.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7760 :: ('MESH:C535323', 'Disease') :: ['5q-syndrome', '5q- syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

answer: @entity7760 :: (MESH:C535323,Disease) :: ['5q- syndrome']


abstract: Inhibition of @entity671 ( @entity19818 ) binding by @entity141 and @entity1025 remains a controversial issue: the @entity141 effect may also be explained by @entity19818 generation due to a @entity141 -sensitive phospholipase C, and the @entity1025 effect by @entity19818 degradation. In this study, we have, therefore, investigated the effects of @entity141 and @entity1025 on @entity19818 binding to membranes of the myeloid cell line HL-60 and assayed in parallel phospholipase C activity and @entity19818 degradation. The assays for @entity19818 binding, @entity19818 generation, and @entity19818 degradation were performed under identical experimental conditions. @entity141 significantly and reversibly decreased @entity19818 binding at submicromolar concentrations. @entity141 stimulated @entity19818 generation only at concentrations above 1 microM. At 1 microM [ @entity141 ], @entity19818 binding was inhibited by 46 +/- 6%, but no @entity19818 generation was observed. @entity1025 between 0 and 1 mM slightly stimulated, while higher concentrations inhibited, @entity19818 binding. @entity1025 did not activate phospholipase C. Neither @entity141 nor @entity1025 induced relevant @entity19818 degradation under the conditions of the binding assay. The effects of @entity141 and @entity1025 on @entity19818 binding were conserved after solubilization of HL-60 membranes. However, only @entity1025 , but not @entity141 , inhibited @entity19818 binding to the receptor that had been partially purified by heparin affinity chromatography. The @entity141 sensitivity of @entity19818 binding to the partially purified receptor could be reconstituted by addition of the flow-through of the heparin column. No @entity141 -dependent @entity19818 generation was observed in the reconstituted system. Thus, we conclude that both @entity141 and @entity1025 can inhibit Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding independently of phospholipase C activation and Ins(1,4,5)P3 breakdown. The @entity141 effect depends upon factors that can be separated biochemically from the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor. @entity1025 acts either directly on the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor or on a closely associated target.

title: @entity141 and XXXX regulation of @entity671 binding in myeloid cells.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate']

answer: @entity1025 :: (CHEBI:18420,Chemical) :: ['Mg2+']


abstract: AIM: To characterize the colon microbiota in two @entity1 histologically diagnosed with @entity4143 using a culture-independent method. METHODS: Biopsies were taken from the ascending colon and the total DNA was extracted. Universal bacterial primers were used to amplify the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The amplicons were then cloned into competent @entity526 cells. The clones were sequenced and identified by comparison to known sequences. RESULTS: The clones could be divided into 44 different phylotypes. The microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Seven phylotypes were found in both @entity1 and constituted 47.5% of the total number of clones. Of these, the most dominating were clones similar to @entity3404 cellulosilyticus, @entity3404 caccae, @entity3404 , @entity14695 and @entity3404 dorei within Bacteroidetes. Sequences similar to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Clostridium citroniae were also found in both @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A predominance of potentially pathogenic @entity3404 spp., and the presence of clones showing similarity to Clostridium clostridioforme were found but the overall colon microbiota showed similarities to a healthy one. Etiologies for @entity4143 other than an adverse bacterial flora must also be considered.

title: Mucosa-associated bacteria in two middle-aged XXXX diagnosed with @entity4143 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14695 :: ('820', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides uniformis']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis']

entities_list: @entity3404 :: ('818', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron', 'Bacteroides']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report the long-term results of RTOG 9801, a randomized trial investigating the ability of @entity8503 , a radioprotector, to reduce chemoradiation-induced @entity2910 . METHODS: @entity1 with stages II and IIIA/B non-small-cell @entity2 received induction @entity1311 225 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) and @entity3003 area under the curve (AUC) 6 both days 1 and 22, followed by concurrent weekly @entity1311 (50 mg/m2) and @entity3003 (AUC 2), with hyperfractionated radiation therapy (69.6 Gy at 1.2 Gy BID). @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity8503 (AM) 500 mg IV four times per week or no-AM during chemoradiotherapy. Stratification factors included age (<70 vs. >= 70 years), stage and performance status. RESULTS: 243 @entity1 (pts) were enrolled; 120 received AM, 123 received no-AM. Two pts on each arm were found ineligible. Overall, 85% of @entity1 were  <=70 years; 75% had a KPS >= 90. 34% had squamous histology. With median follow-up of 96.3 months (for @entity1 still alive), overall survival was identical (hazard ratio 1.03 (0.79-1.34), NS): five-year survival 17% in both arms. The incidence of late grade 3-5 @entity137 was 16% in the AM arm and 19% in the control arm (hazard ratio 1.24 (0.66-2.32), NS). There was no significant difference between the arms regarding overall survival, disease-free survival or long-term @entity137 . CONCLUSION: The chemoradiation regimen of @entity3003 and @entity1311 produced long-term results in the multi-institutional setting comparable to other regimens. @entity8503 did not appear to compromise survival. As done in RTOG 9801, more consistent reporting of long term @entity137 is needed for comparison of different chemoradiation regimens.

title: The addition of @entity8503 to @entity3003 and XXXX based chemoradiation in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: long-term follow-up of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) randomized trial 9801.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['Amifostine', 'amifostine']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: The effect of lowering raised plasma-free- @entity1718 (F.F.A.) on the incidence of serious @entity943 after @entity583 was assessed by a double-blind trial in eighty-one @entity1 . A @entity1670 analogue (N.A.A.) with very slight haemodynamic effects was given within 12 hours of the onset of @entity583 to lower plasma-F.F.A. When treatment with N.A.A. was started within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms, the numbers of @entity1 with ventricular symptoms, the numbers of @entity1 with @entity1165 were significantly reduced, provided elevated plasma-F.F.A. levels were rapidly lowered and maintained in the normal range throughout the treatment period. The incidence of R-on-apex T ventricular premature beats and beats in which the ectopic R wave interrupted the apex of the T wave of a previous @entity1540 was also reduced in @entity1 receiving N.A.A within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms. Plasma-total- @entity2661 and serum- @entity908 -kinase levels were similar in the N.A.A.-treated and placebo groups. N.A.A. rarely caused skin @entity1671 occurred in some @entity1 after many hours of treatment. These findings suggest that treatment directed towards stabilsing the matabolism of the @entity1562 can be of therapeutic value and lead to fewer serious @entity943 .

title: Control of @entity943 during @entity583 by antilipolytic treatment using a XXXX analogue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1671 :: ('MESH:D005483', 'Disease') :: ['flushing, but vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic-acid']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature beat']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1670 :: (MESH:D009525,Chemical) :: ['nicotinic-acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between weight variability and disease incidence in @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study, following @entity1 from 1986 through 1992. METHODS: A population-based sample of 33834 @entity1 aged 55-69 y, free of @entity5 and @entity299 , completed a mail-based survey that included self-reported body weights at ages 18, 30, 40, 50 y, and currently. Weight variability was defined as (1) the root mean square error around the slope of weight on age (RMSE); and (2) categorical measures of weight change. Outcome measures were incidence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ); @entity64 ; @entity6 ; breast, endometrial, lung, or other @entity5 . RESULTS: Adjusted relative risks of @entity583 , @entity64 , @entity6 , and @entity173 increased with increasing weight variability. The age and body mass index-adjusted relative risks (RR) for highest vs lowest quartile of RMSE were: @entity583 : 2.03; @entity64 : 1.61; @entity6 : 1.42; @entity0 : 0.85; @entity5 : 1.70; other @entity5 : 0.93; total @entity174 : 1.15; @entity173 : 1.45. The strongest associations between weight change categories and disease were for @entity6 (RR compared to small gain/stable weight: large cycle, 1.72; small cycle, 1.55; large gain, 1.80; weight loss, 1.91; other pattern, 1.55). Large weight cycles were associated with higher risk of @entity583 (RR = 1.89) and @entity64 (RR = 1.71). CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with previous studies and suggest that weight variability is associated with higher risk of developing @entity102 .

title: Weight variability and incident disease in older @entity1 : the Iowa XXXX 's Health Study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer; total and hip fractures', 'endometrial cancer: 0.88; lung cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture', 'hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the cell-to-cell contacts in hyperplastic @entity1 endometrium and to compare them with contacts in normal endometrium. STUDY DESIGN: Hyperplastic endometrial samples (five with simple @entity1373 and five with complex @entity1373 ) without atypia by light microscopy were studied with transmission electron microscopy. The cell-to-cell contacts, basal lamina, and epithelial-to-stromal compartment contacts were studied and compared with these same areas in normal endometrium. RESULTS: Only infrequent gap junctions between epithelial cells were seen. Other epithelial contacts were also greatly reduced when compared with normal epithelium. Cell-to-cell contacts between the epithelial compartment and the stromal compartment were rare and @entity179 . An increase in extracellular matrix and various alterations in the basal lamina appears to contribute to a decrease in cell-to-cell contacts. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with normal endometrium, hyperplastic endometrium demonstrated far fewer cell-to-cell contacts. The basal lamina and extracellular matrix were altered in such a fashion that communication between the stromal and epithelial compartments appeared to be impaired. Stromal and epithelial cells rarely were in contact. Those contacts present were less complex and the majority were degenerative. @entity1373 without atypia demonstrated a much lower amount of intercellular communication than normal endometrium.

title: Stromal-epithelial communications in hyperplastic XXXX endometrium.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia', 'Hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative in configuration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6205 or Buschke-Loewenstein @entity5 of the anorectal and perianal regions is an uncommon entity that has not been extensively reviewed. We analyzed 42 known cases of @entity6205 acuminatum in the English literature and reviewed their behavior and management. METHODS: All reported cases of @entity6205 acuminatum in the English literature were selected. The relevant clinicopathologic features of this uncommon entity were examined and discussed. RESULTS: These @entity5 are generally large with the propensity to ulcerate and infiltrate into deeper tissues. The hallmark of the disease is the high rate of recurrence (66 percent) and malignant transformation (56 percent). No distant @entity3 have been reported. The overall mortality was 20 percent, all occurring in @entity1 with recurrences. Fifty percent of the @entity1 who were initially treated with radical surgery developed recurrences. The average duration of disease was longer in @entity1 with recurrences than in @entity1 without recurrences (9.6 years vs. 2.8 years). The median number of recurrences was two (range, one to seven) recurrences, and the median time before first recurrence was ten months. Recurrences were treated by radical surgery in 17 @entity1 and chemoradiotherapy +/- local excision in 5 @entity1 . Follow-up information for the remaining five @entity1 was not available. The cure rate in the radical surgery group was 61 percent compared with 25 percent in the chemoradiotherapy +/- local excision group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6205 of the anorectal and perianal regions is a highly aggressive @entity5 with the propensity for recurrences and malignant transformation, but without metastatic potential. A high rate of recurrence is seen in @entity1 with long duration of the disease. Salvage of @entity1 with recurrences can be achieved successfully with radical surgery.

title: XXXX ( @entity6205 ) of the anorectal and perianal regions. Analysis of 42 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['Giant condyloma acuminatum', 'giant condyloma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity6205 :: (MESH:D062688,Disease) :: ['Giant condyloma acuminatum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess differences in health care resource utilization and costs associated with once-daily and twice-daily proton pump inhibitor ( @entity7371 ) therapy. Most @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ) achieve symptom control on once-daily @entity7371 therapy, but approximately 20%-30% require twice-daily dosing. METHODS: @entity1 were >= 18 years of age with at least one medical claim for @entity354 and at least two @entity7371 claims from HealthCore's Integrated Research Database (HIRD(SM)) during 2004-2009. @entity1 were continuously eligible for 12 months before and after the index date (date of first @entity7371 claim). Based on @entity7371 dosing throughout the post-index period (quantity of medication dispensed/number of days supply), @entity1 were classified as once-daily (dose  <= 1.5 pills per day) or twice-daily (>= 1.5) @entity7371 users. RESULTS: The study cohort included 248,386 @entity1 with @entity354 (mean age 52.8    13.93 years, 56% females) of whom 90% were once-daily and 10% were twice-daily @entity7371 users. The Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index for once-daily and twice-daily @entity7371 users was 0.70    1.37 and 0.89    1.54, respectively (P < 0.05). More once-daily @entity1 had claims for @entity355 (5% versus 2%, P < 0.0001) than twice-daily @entity1 . Post-index, higher proportions of twice-daily @entity1 had at least one @entity354 -related inpatient visit (7% versus 5%), outpatient visit (60% versus 49%), and office visit (48% versus 38%) versus once-daily @entity1 (P < 0.0001). Mean total @entity354 -related health care costs were  2065     6636 versus  3749     11,081 for once-daily and twice-daily @entity7371 users, respectively (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 receiving twice-daily @entity7371 therapy were likely to have more comorbid conditions and greater health care utilization and overall costs compared with @entity1 using once-daily @entity7371 therapy.

title: Comparison of health care resource utilization and costs among @entity1 with XXXX on once-daily or twice-daily proton pump inhibitor therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['GERD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteochondral autografts have recently become popular to treat articular cartilage defects, and they are used for unstable @entity1843 as a means of biological fixation. PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of @entity1843 of the elbow. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Osteochondral autograft transfer was performed on 18 baseball players (mean age, 13.6 years) with @entity1843 of the elbow. These included 9 lesions that were grade 3 (separated but in situ) and 9 lesions that were grade 4 (displaced fragment with @entity4713 ) based on magnetic resonance imaging. All @entity1 were evaluated with a scoring system, radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging, with the mean follow-up at 3.5 years. RESULTS: In @entity1 with grade 3 lesions, the subjective score was increased, but the objective score did not change. Six of 9 @entity1 returned to their previous sports performance levels. One quit baseball because of academic reasons, 1 changed his position, and 1 changed to softball. In @entity1 with grade 4 lesions, both subjective and objective scores were increased significantly. All but 1 @entity1 returned to their previous sports performance levels. In the 3 grade 4 lesions with a wide @entity4713 , the irregularity of the articular surface remained on magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSION: Osteochondral autograft transplantation is a useful treatment for reattachment of the lesion as well as osteochondral resurfacing of @entity1843 .

title: Osteochondral autograft transplantation for XXXX of the elbow in juvenile baseball players: minimum 2-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['elbow osteochondritis dissecans', 'osteochondral autograft transfer for osteochondritis dissecans', 'osteochondritis dissecans lesions', 'osteochondritis dissecans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondral defect']

answer: @entity1843 :: (MESH:D010008,Disease) :: ['osteochondritis dissecans']


abstract: @entity1374 , manifested as either @entity1378 or @entity1375 , has been described in the offspring of @entity1 with @entity1669 . We report clinical and laboratory observations in a mother with @entity1669 who gave birth to three @entity1 with different forms of @entity1374 . The first @entity1 was clinically normal, the second @entity1 had transient @entity1378 , and the third @entity1 had @entity1375 . After the birth of the second @entity1 , the mother was found to be biochemically hypothyroid. Long-acting thyroid stimulator and antithyroid microsomal antibodies were detected in her serum. She was treated with @entity2016 (0.15 mg/day). After the birth of her third @entity1 , the mother was found to have thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins and TSH-blocking inhibitory immunoglobulins in her serum. The latter also were detected in the third newborn. Six weeks later, TSH-blocking inhibitory immunoglobulins were not detected in the @entity1 , but they persisted in the mother. This report further expands the spectrum of neonatal @entity1374 and suggests that @entity66 in the newborn can occur depending on whether stimulating or blocking antibodies predominate in the mother.

title: XXXX : differential expression in three successive offspring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'neonatal hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['differing disease syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis', 'autoimmune thyroid disorders']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'neonatal hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid dysfunction', 'Neonatal thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['Neonatal thyroid disease']


abstract: We report on a family with an apparently undescribed syndrome involving @entity1159 , keloids, an increased optic cup-to-disc ratio, and @entity1290 . The propositus presented at 9 years of age with @entity1159 of his @entity571 ( @entity571 ) joints, progressive @entity2693 of the shoulders and neck, a large optic cup-to-disc ratio, and mildly dysmorphic facies. He otherwise has been normal. The propositus's brother, uncle, great-uncle, a half great-uncle, and six male half-cousins once removed also have @entity571 joint @entity2693 . The propositus' mother and brother also have an increased optic cup-to-disc ratio. In addition, the great-grandfather, the uncle, the same six male half-cousins once removed, and an affected daughter of a half-cousin have keloids with the earliest age of onset of the keloids being 12 years. Further, three of the above affected males have had uric acid @entity1290 . @entity2074 and subcutaneous nodules were also present in some affected males. Given the family history, the pattern of inheritance appears to be X-linked. An extensive literature search failed to reveal any previous reports associating these manifestations and this inheritance pattern. Therefore, we think the condition in this family comprises a new @entity74 .

title: A report of an apparent new XXXX consisting of @entity1159 , keloids, large optic cup-to-disc ratio and @entity1290 .

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['DIP', 'distal interphalangeal']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ['Dupuytren contractures']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['joint contractures', 'congenital contractures']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic syndrome']


abstract: In Germany, measures for secondary prevention in @entity1 with @entity453 are poorly utilized. We therefore investigated whether a cardiac in-hospital rehabilitation and education program may enhance the implementation of respective guidelines in @entity1 with severe @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Specifically, we developed a case-control design in siblings with severe @entity453 in order to achieve optimal matching for @entity1 with or without participation in the rehabilitation program. By the screening of more than 200,000 @entity1 charts in 15 cardiac rehabilitation clinics, we identified 1500 families in which at least two siblings suffered from severe @entity453 . In 268 such sibling pairs, siblings were discordant with respect to participation in a 3-4 week cardiac in-hospital rehabilitation program. The coronary risk profile was studied, first, retrospectively at the time of hospitalization for acute MI or revascularization procedures and, secondly, prospectively at the time of follow-up (on average 5.2 years later). At the time of the acute @entity299 , both groups showed an equal risk factor distribution suggesting appropriate matching. However, at follow-up the number of individuals taking antihypertensive medication and displaying effective antihypertensive treatment (< or = 140/90 mmHg) was significantly higher in the rehabilitation group (92.2 vs. 82.1%, p < 0.01; 59.7 vs. 37.2%). Accordingly, rehabilitation siblings presented with significantly lower systolic (137 +/- 1 vs. 145 +/- 1 mmHg; p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (82 +/- 1 vs. 85 +/- 1 mmHg; p < 0.01). The utilization of CSE inhibitors was also significantly higher in siblings participating in the rehabilitation program (57.5 vs. 43.1%; p < 0.01), leading to significantly lower blood lipid levels in these siblings (total @entity165 225 +/- 3 vs. 236 +/- 3 mg/dL, p < 0.01; LDL @entity165 148 +/- 3 vs. 158 +/- 3 mg/dL, p < 0.01). Moreover, participation in the cardiac rehabilitation stimulated markedly more smokers to quit (80.8 vs. 57.6%, p < 0.01). Additionally, there was a strong temporal trend from 1997 until 2000 towards improved control of arterial @entity101 in rehabilitation siblings. In parallel, the utilization of CSE inhibitors increased over time and LDL @entity165 decreased. These favorable temporal trends were also observed in siblings not participating in the rehabilitation program, however, to a lesser extent. Taken together, in the last four years, the implementation of secondary preventive strategies in @entity1 with @entity299 improved. Siblings who participated in a rehabilitation program displayed a better control of cardiovascular risk factors as compared to those not participating in such a program. Thus, an in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation program may successfully encourage the implementation of measures for secondary prevention and enhance the treatment of coronary risk factors.

title: [Inpatient rehabilitation improves implementation of therapeutic guidelines for secondary prevention in XXXX with coronary heart disease].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']