abstract: Introduction. Interferon is a glycoprotein produced by assigned cells of immune system. It has been used in many different diseases. Although @entity683 , @entity925 , @entity1910 , @entity551 , @entity882 and @entity1897 due to interferon use are encountered frequently, ocular side effects are rare, generally mild and transient. Case Report. 47-year-old female @entity1 , presented with a @entity66 in right renal pelvis. Right radical nephrectomy was applied and the histopathological examination was consistent with @entity1358 . Interferon alpha treatment was started subcutaneously at the dose of 5   MIU/3 times in a week. Four weeks after the interferon therapy, suddenly bilateral @entity227 developed. We discussed the diagnosis, followup, and treatment of the @entity1 who developed irreversible @entity1781 and had no previous known primary @entity262 to cause this condition. Conclusion. We suggest that @entity1 should be screened for risk factors causing @entity1781 , before interferon therapy. Although there was no adequate information in the literature for the followup, @entity1 should be monitorized before, 1 month after, and 2 months after the treatment. And if there is no complication, we suggest that they should be followed up at 3-month intervals.

title: Bilateral XXXX Developed under Interferon Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['flu-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic ischemic neuropathy', 'ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Optic Neuropathy']


abstract: Fire fighters are exposed to irritating, asphyxiating, and toxic gases and aerosols, to @entity1642 , and to physically demanding work. Due to differences in fire fighting techniques, exposure conditions for fire fighters differ among different countries. The purpose of this investigation was to study @entity5 incidence and mortality in fire fighters who have been working with fire fighting methods used in Sweden from the beginning of this century onwards. All male fire fighters employed for at least 1 year in the City of Stockholm during 1931-1983 were traced, and an index of the number of fires fought was calculated for each individual. The mortality during 1951-1986 (among 1, 116 fire fighters) was lower than expected ( @entity5047 = 82; 95% confidence interval 72-91) compared with local mortality rates, with a low mortality in circulatory diseases, @entity3885 , @entity204 , and suicides. The @entity5 incidence in 1958-1986 was equal to the expected ( @entity5047 = 100; 95% confidence interval 83-119). However, an excess of @entity5 (18 observed vs. 9.37 expected; @entity5047 = 192, 95% CI 114-304) was observed. There was also a tendency for higher incidence and mortality in stomach and @entity1313 with increasing number of fires. There were four deaths from @entity1313 compared to 0.8 expected ( @entity5047 = 496; 95% CI 135-1270) in the highest exposure category. Fire fighters are, however, not systematically exposed to known @entity75 , and the results need confirmation in further studies with extensive exposure evaluations.

title: Mortality and XXXX incidence in Stockholm fire fighters.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['stomach or brain carcinogens']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['violent deaths']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Scar formation from the process of wound healing is mediated primarily by fibroblasts and is a major problem in ophthalmology in general and in @entity726 therapy in particular. Interactions between fibroblasts and glycoprotein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are among the major causes of scar formation. Recognition of ECM glycoproteins occurs via cell surface integrins that are specific for adhesion epitopes, such as the @entity11599 (RGD-) containing @entity535 sequence. The RGD sequence, which is present in several matrix and plasma proteins, including fibronectin (FN) and @entity4732 , is involved in cell-ECM interactions that occur during inflammatory and homeostatic reactions. The present study was designed to examine the possibility of using RGD-mimetics as inhibitors of fibroblasts-FN interactions. METHODS: Two nonpeptidic mimetics of RGD were designed and constructed, and their inhibitory effect on the adhesion of @entity1 tenon's capsule fibroblasts to FN was examined. SF-6,5 consisting of the @entity3338 group of @entity2574 and the @entity2097 group of @entity534 divided by a linear atom spacer and a newly designed mimetic, designated @entity47719 , were examined herein. RESULTS: The RGD mimetics, SF-6,5 and @entity47719 , but not an @entity47720 (RGE) mimetic inhibited the adhesion of ocular fibroblasts to immobilized FN. SF-6,5 and @entity47719 did not inhibit adhesion of the fibroblasts to laminin or spontaneous proliferation of fibroblasts. Trypsin pretreatment of the nonpeptidic RGD mimetics did not affect their ability to inhibit adhesion of the ocular fibroblasts to FN, whereas that of the RGD-containing peptide was abolished by the pretreatment. CONCLUSION: Nonpeptidic mimetics of RGD are attractive candidates for therapeutic agents to prevent the formation of scar tissue and related RGD-dependent pathologic events.

title: Nonpeptidic analogues of the @entity11599 (RGD) sequence specifically inhibit the adhesion of XXXX tenon's capsule fibroblasts to fibronectin.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidinium']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Aging is a process that is inevitable, and makes our body vulnerable to age-related diseases. Age is the most consistent factor affecting the @entity25 . Therefore, new @entity5 methods, to be used in both of young and elderly @entity1 , are needed. This study proposes an @entity5 detector, which can separate wakefulness, @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep and non- @entity1319 (NREM) sleep using only EEG and EOG. Most sleep events, which define the sleep stages, are reduced with age. This is addressed by focusing on the amplitude of the clinical EEG bands, and not the affected sleep events. The age-related influences are then reduced by robust subject-specific scaling. The classification of the three sleep stages are achieved by a multi-class support vector machine using the one-versus-rest scheme. It was possible to obtain a high classification accuracy of 0.91. Validation of the sleep stage detector in other @entity25 , such as @entity386 and @entity2724 , should be considered in future work.

title: Automatic sleep staging: from young adults to elderly XXXX using multi-class support vector machine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['automatic sleep staging', 'automatic sleep stage']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'sleep structure']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid-eye-movement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the use of aromatase inhibitors as a therapeutic option for @entity46 . DESIGN: Prospective open-label Food and Drug Administration phase 2 trial with Institutional Review Board approval. SETTING: Outpatient tertiary care centers. @entity1 (S): Fifteen premenopausal @entity1 with documented refractory @entity1118 . INTERVENTION(S): After a 1-month washout of @entity46 hormone therapies, @entity1 took 1 mg @entity13558 ( @entity13558 ; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE) and one tablet of 20 microg @entity2082 /0.1 mg @entity2692 (Alesse; Wyeth, Madison, NJ) daily for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): An analog @entity158 scale recorded pelvic @entity158 in daily diaries and surveys at baseline and after each treatment month. Side effects, blood counts, liver and renal function tests, @entity165 levels, and bone density were monitored. RESULT(S): Fourteen of 15 @entity1 achieved significant @entity158 reduction. Median @entity158 scores decreased 55% after 6 months, while mean @entity158 scores decreased 40%. @entity158 reduction comparing each treatment month to baseline achieved statistical significance. Average @entity158 scores began dropping after only 1 treatment month and continued decreasing each additional month. No organ system experienced adverse effects. @entity53 levels were suppressed during treatment. Side effects were mild and improved over time. CONCLUSION(S): Fourteen of 15 @entity1 with refractory @entity46 achieved significant @entity158 relief using @entity13558 and 20 microg @entity2082 /0.1 mg levonorgestrel with minimal side effects. This treatment for @entity46 is a promising new modality that warrants further investigation.

title: @entity13558 and oral contraceptives: a novel treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrazole', 'Arimidex']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1582 who relapse after high-dose chemotherapy have few therapeutic options. Since increased @entity236 imparts a poor prognosis in @entity1582 , we evaluated the efficacy of @entity2816 , which has antiangiogenic properties, in @entity1 with @entity66 . METHODS: Eighty-four previously treated @entity1 with refractory @entity1582 (76 with a relapse after high-dose chemotherapy) received oral @entity2816 as a single agent for a median of 80 days (range, 2 to 465). The starting dose was 200 mg daily, and the dose was increased by 200 mg every two weeks until it reached 800 mg per day. Response was assessed on the basis of a reduction of the @entity1582 protein in serum or Bence Jones protein in urine that lasted for at least six weeks. RESULTS: The serum or urine levels of paraprotein were reduced by at least 90 percent in eight @entity1 (two had a complete remission), at least 75 percent in six @entity1 , at least 50 percent in seven @entity1 , and at least 25 percent in six @entity1 , for a total rate of response of 32 percent. Reductions in the paraprotein levels were apparent within two months in 78 percent of the @entity1 with a response and were associated with decreased numbers of plasma cells in bone marrow and increased hemoglobin levels. The microvascular density of bone marrow did not change significantly in @entity1 with a response. At least one third of the @entity1 had mild or moderate @entity1142 , @entity425 or @entity1295 , or @entity2147 . More severe adverse effects were infrequent (occurring in less than 10 percent of @entity1 ), and hematologic effects were rare. As of the most recent follow-up, 36 @entity1 had died (30 with no response and 6 with a response). After 12 months of follow-up, Kaplan-Meier estimates of the mean (+/-SE) rates of event-free survival and overall survival for all @entity1 were 22+/-5 percent and 58+/-5 percent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2816 is active against advanced @entity1582 . It can induce marked and durable responses in some @entity1 with @entity1582 , including those who relapse after high-dose chemotherapy.

title: Antitumor activity of @entity2816 in refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow vascularity']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Previously unidentified forms of @entity2900 -induced @entity1159 have been investigated in chronically denervated @entity35 extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle at 20 degrees C. Contractures were assigned to groups 1-6 on the basis of the peak tension ( @entity49201 ) during 0-10 min exposure to the drug (3.0 x 10(-5) M), (7.0 x 10(-6) M), and (3.5 x 10(-6) M) and the subsequent retention, increase, or decrease in tension ( @entity44325 ), during the further 10 min. It is proposed that four stages exist in the development of contractile changes at 1-7, 8-35, 36-70 and 70-130 days after denervation (DPD) and that contractility is lost at 147 days after denervation. Initial changes, although present in EDL muscles in group 1 at 2.0 DPD s.d. +/- 1 (n = 7) in response to the drug (3.0 x 10(-5) M), were more apparent in EDL muscles in group 2 which were identified at 5.5 DPD s.d. +/- 1.6 (n = 7) by an excessive @entity1159 response ( @entity44325 ) to the drug (3.0 x 10(-5) M), 18.3 mN s.d. +/- 10.6. At 5.0 DPD s.d. +/- 2.7 (n = 5) @entity1159 tension ( @entity44325 ) was commensurate with membrane depolarization, 13.1 mN/33.1 mV, but residual tension increased to 23.3 mN during the Krebs wash (80 min) whilst membrane depolarization decreased to 9.2 mV. Also, at 4.3 DPD s.d. +/- 2.3 (n = 5) tension ( @entity44325 ) increased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the presence of @entity5834 (4.1 x 10(-3) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of fructose 1,6-diphosphate, @entity5834 and dantrolene sodium on @entity2900 -induced XXXX in denervated @entity35 skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture', 'contractures']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['suxamethonium']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['contractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI) of 30.0-35.0  kg/m(2). Possible mechanisms, including alterations in gastric emptying time (GET), @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ), ghrelin and @entity1243 , were evaluated. METHODS: Twenty @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6 and with a BMI of 30.0-35.0  kg/m(2) underwent LSG during March 2012 to February 2015. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) and GET were measured at baseline, 3  months, 6  months, 12  months and 24  months after surgery. Fasting and post-prandial levels of serum @entity5445 , ghrelin and @entity1243 were measured pre-operatively and after 3 and 6  months. RESULTS: The average duration of follow-up was 17.6  months, and 10 @entity1 had completed 2  years of follow-up. After 2  years, the average BMI decreased from 33.4        1.2 to 26.7        1.8  kg/m(2). The mean HbA1c decreased from 8.7        1.6 to 6.7        1.5  %, respectively. Ten @entity1 achieved complete remission. @entity2690 could be stopped in all six @entity1 who were on it pre-operatively. Meal-stimulated @entity5445 response and serum @entity2690 at 30  min showed a significant increase following surgery. There was a significant decrease in GET. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study confirms the positive impact of LSG on @entity6 status of non-morbidly @entity28 @entity1 . The possible mechanisms include the rise in post-prandial @entity5445 level induced by accelerated gastric emptying, leading to an increase in @entity2690 secretion. LSG also leads to decreased ghrelin and @entity1243 levels which may have a role in improving @entity413 homeostasis after surgery.

title: Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on @entity6 , Gastric Emptying Time, @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ), Ghrelin and XXXX in Non-morbidly Obese Subjects with BMI 30-35.0  kg/m(2): a Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide 1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['Leptin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of the following two empirically supported group interventions to help distressed survivors of @entity0 cope: mindfulness-based @entity5 recovery (MBCR) and supportive-expressive group therapy (SET). @entity1 AND METHODS: This multisite, randomized controlled trial assigned 271 distressed survivors of stage I to III @entity0 to MBCR, SET, or a 1-day stress management control condition. MBCR focused on training in mindfulness meditation and gentle yoga, whereas SET focused on emotional expression and group support. Both intervention groups included 18 hours of professional contact. Measures were collected at baseline and after intervention by assessors blind to study condition. Primary outcome measures were mood and diurnal salivary @entity701 slopes. Secondary outcomes were stress symptoms, quality of life, and social support. RESULTS: Using linear mixed-effects models, in intent-to-treat analyses, @entity701 slopes were maintained over time in both SET (P = .002) and MBCR (P = .011) groups relative to the control group, whose @entity701 slopes became flatter. @entity1 in MBCR improved more over time on stress symptoms compared with @entity1 in both the SET (P = .009) and control (P = .024) groups. Per-protocol analyses showed greater improvements in the MBCR group in quality of life compared with the control group (P = .005) and in social support compared with the SET group (P = .012). CONCLUSION: In the largest trial to date, MBCR was superior for improving stress levels, quality of life and social support [CORRECTED] for distressed survivors of @entity0 . Both SET and MBCR also resulted in more normative diurnal @entity701 profiles than the control condition. The clinical implications of this finding require further investigation.

title: Randomized controlled trial of Mindfulness-based @entity5 recovery versus supportive expressive group therapy for distressed survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors applied an optimization model (direct search) to find the optimal combination of @entity1341 dose, @entity3575 dose, @entity1338 dose, and infusion rate for continuous postoperative epidural @entity1337 . METHODS: One hundred ninety @entity1 undergoing 48-h thoracic epidural @entity1337 after major abdominal surgery were studied. Combinations of the variables of @entity1341 dose, @entity3575 dose, @entity1338 dose, and infusion rate were investigated to optimize the analgesic effect (monitored by verbal descriptor @entity158 score) under restrictions dictated by the incidence and severity of side effects. Six combinations were empirically chosen and investigated. Then a stepwise optimization model was applied to determine subsequent combinations until no decrease in the @entity158 score after three consecutive steps was obtained. RESULTS: Twenty combinations were analyzed. The optimization procedure led to a reduction in the incidence of side effects and in the mean @entity158 scores. The three best combinations of @entity1341 dose (mg/h), @entity3575 dose (microg/h), @entity1338 dose (microg/h), and infusion rate (ml/h) were: 9-21-5-7, 8-30-0-9, and 13-25-0-9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Given the variables investigated, the aforementioned combinations may be the optimal ones to provide postoperative @entity1337 after major abdominal surgery. Using the direct search method, the enormous number of possible combinations of a therapeutic strategy can be reduced to a small number of potentially useful ones. This is accomplished using a scientific rather than an arbitrary procedure.

title: A direct search procedure to optimize combinations of epidural @entity1341 , @entity3575 , and XXXX for postoperative @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: Different studies have shown that the prevalence of @entity1765 is highly variable, depending on the methodology employed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity1765 among @entity1 of two schools. The study was conducted in three successive steps: information to parents and teachers by way of speeches and projection of videotapes; anonymous fulfilling of an ad hoc questionnaire by teachers and parents and identification of @entity1 as "possible @entity1765 " according to the questionnaire; and confirmation of the presence of tics by direct observation of @entity1 at school (20 minutes in each classroom). Eight hundred sixty-seven @entity1 were included. Age ranged from 4 to 16 years. Ninety percent of parents and 99% of teachers fulfilled the questionnaire. Seventy-one @entity1 had tics according to parents' and 50 according to teachers' opinion (both coincided in 23 cases). Fifty-seven cases were identified after direct observation in the classroom (prevalence of 6.5%). The vast majority of tics were mild in severity and duration. Prevalence obtained in this study was comparable with data reported in studies using a similar methodology, which is higher than results shown in early studies addressed with less rigid methodology. Most of identified cases were quite mild, not leading to major functional disability. In spite of the methodology employed, it is possible that some cases were lost.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in two schools in the Basque country: Results and methodological caveats.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic disorder']

answer: @entity1765 :: (MESH:D013981,Disease) :: ['tic disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of flow cytometry in predicting prognosis for @entity2622 remains unclear. METHODS: Flow cytometric analysis was performed on tissues, fixed in @entity406 solution and embedded in paraffin, from 411 @entity1 with Stage @entity2622 who had been treated with radical abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: DNA aneuploid-multiploid @entity5 were found in 37.5%, tetraploid in 4.6%, and diploid-peridiploid in 57.9%. Five-year recurrence-free survival rates of the three groups were 74.3%, 77.8%, and 76.4%, respectively (P > 0.05). DNA aneuploidy and @entity894 ( @entity894 ) of greater than 1.3 were highly correlated to parametria extension. In univariate analysis, pelvic lymph node @entity3 , stage, parametrial extension, depth of cervical stromal invasion, @entity5 size, and @entity894 (1.3, 1.4, 1.5 as breakpoint) were significant prognostic factors. DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction, and S-G2M fraction were not significant. In multivariate analysis, @entity894 of greater than 1.3, pelvic node @entity3 , clinical Stage II, and depth of stromal invasion greater than two-thirds of full cervical thickness were independent and significant variables. The prognostic index (PI), defined by the model, was able to categorize the @entity1 into three distinct risk groups. The 5-year recurrence free survival rates of the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 89.5%, 73.0%, and 58.9%, respectively (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic value of the @entity894 as a single variable is promising and warrants additional investigation to establish its appropriate use.

title: The uses and limitations of DNA flow cytometry in stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['IB or II cervical carcinoma', 'cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['IB or II cervical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity32190 has important physiological activity in gastrointestinal tract of @entity1 and animals, and the tolerability of acid, intestinal juice and oxgall @entity6741 are the key factors that influence the function of living bacteria preparation. In this study, feces of 12 healthy Mongolian @entity1 were selected to isolate @entity32190 with probiotic properties. METHODS: @entity32190 was isolated from feces by selective medium and identified by physiological biochemical test. The tolerability of acid, intestinal juice and oxgall @entity6741 of 11 Bfidobacteria were studied and @entity14320 V9 was identified further by molecular biological approach 16S rDNA. RESULTS: Eleven Bifidobacteria isolated from feces of 12 healthy Mongolian @entity1 were identified as @entity32190 (A1, H3, G4, A8 and V10), @entity13854 (C6, C7 and D11), B. pseudocatenlatum (B2), @entity1335 (G5), @entity14320 (V9). @entity14320 V9 had the best acid tolerance with the survival rate 92.4% in artificial gastric juice at pH2.0 for 3h, whereas others had lower than 31.25%. @entity14320 V9 also had good survival rate (99.7%) in artificial intestinal juice at pH8.0 for 8h after anaerobic cultured 3h in artificial gastric juice at pH2.0, and tolerated oxgall @entity6741 at concentration of 0.3%. @entity14320 V9 was identified further by molecular biological approach 16S rDNA and result showed the homologies of @entity14320 V9 was 99% with @entity14320 . lactic BB12. CONCLUSION: @entity14320 V9 had good probiotic properties to be potentiallyused in dairy products and health products.

title: [Screening and identification of probiotic XXXX from Mongolian @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity14320 :: ('28025', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium animalis subsp', 'B. animalis']

entities_list: @entity32190 :: ('1680', 'Species') :: ['B. adolescentis', 'Bifidobacterium']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

answer: @entity32190 :: (1680,Species) :: ['bifidobacterium']


abstract: Male and female B6C3F1 @entity19 were given @entity34642 ( @entity2974 ) by gavage for 11 days. Livers from untreated male and female @entity19 were unremarkable by histopathologic examination. In livers from @entity19 receiving 1000 mg/kg body weight, the centrolobular hepatic cords showed slight changes, which included increased eosinophilic staining and rare apoptosis. Areas in the intermediate zone were noted where the architecture of the liver hepatic cords was subtly changed. The changes in cord architecture seemed to define nodular areas where cellular proliferation in animals treated with @entity2974 had occurred. No histopathologic differences were noted between the livers of treated or control, male and female animals. Mitosis and DNA synthesis were examined using incorporation of @entity665 into liver cells. @entity665 incorporation into extracted liver DNA of animals receiving @entity2974 was significantly increased over controls in all treatment groups. Autoradiographic examination of liver sections showed that the incorporation of label in control animals was predominantly in peri-sinusoidal cells, whereas the majority of radiolabel incorporation in @entity2974 -treated animals was found in intermediate zone cells that appeared to be mature hepatocytes. No outstanding differences in the distribution of radiolabel in the liver sections from male or female @entity19 were noted. When incorporation of @entity665 was quantified by enumeration of labeled liver cells following autoradiography, incorporation of the radiolabel into hepatocytes increased with the dose of @entity2974 given but there was no increase in radiolabel in peri-sinusoidal cells. Increased mitotic figures in intermediate zone cells resembling mature hepatocytes were noted in all @entity19 treated with @entity2974 . These results suggest that increased DNA synthesis and mitosis may contribute tumorigenesis by @entity2974 .

title: @entity34642 stimulation of liver DNA synthesis in male and female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]Thymidine', '[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity34642 :: ('CHEBI:27455', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that, in models of @entity3885 in @entity35 , we observed lymphaticovenous communication. This suggested that @entity5 cells metastasized to the liver by a lymphatic route. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between liver @entity3 and lymphatic involvement in @entity356 by examining resected specimens. METHODS: Twenty @entity356 @entity1 who had synchronous liver @entity3 and 17 who developed metachronous liver @entity3 after gastrectomy, performed between 1985 and 1997, were included in this study. They were compared with 44 advanced @entity356 @entity1 who had neither synchronous nor subsequent liver @entity3 , and who survived with a disease-free course for more than 5 years. We compared the @entity1 ' clinicopathological features; in particular, we investigated extranodal invasion in the resected lymph nodes. This invasion was classified according to the pattern of extranodal @entity3 , with or without @entity397 of the lymph node capsule. RESULTS: @entity409 was more frequent in @entity1 with extranodal invasion than in those without extranodal invasion (P < 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that the correlation between extranodal invasion and liver @entity3 was significant (P < 0.024); the odds ratio was 4.412. @entity3 to the lymph nodes was the next most significant risk for liver @entity3 . CONCLUSION: We consider that the lymphatic system is closely related to the establishment of liver @entity3 ; in particular, extranodal invasion is a significant risk factor for liver @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity356 .

title: XXXX in @entity356 with particular reference to lymphatic advancement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric lymph vessel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver metastasis']


abstract: Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a family of highly similar secreted proteins produced by the placenta. @entity45907 homologs have been identified in primates and rodents. Members of the @entity1 and @entity19 @entity45907 family induce secretion of antiinflammatory cytokines in mononuclear phagocytes. For the purpose of cloning the receptor, we screened a RAW 264.7 cell cDNA expression library. The @entity45908 receptor was identified as the tetraspanin, @entity36826 . We confirmed binding of @entity45908 to @entity36826 by ELISA, flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase binding assays, and in situ rosetting. Anti- @entity36826 monoclonal antibody inhibited binding of @entity45908 to @entity36826 -transfected cells and RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, @entity45908 binding to macrophages from @entity36826 -deficient @entity19 was significantly reduced. We then tested whether @entity45908 binds to other members of the @entity19 tetraspanin family. @entity45908 did not bind to cells transfected with @entity45909 , @entity29231 , @entity3533 , @entity45910 , or @entity45911 , suggesting that @entity45908 - @entity36826 binding is a specific interaction. We have identified the first receptor for a @entity19 @entity45907 as well as the first natural ligand for a member of the tetraspanin superfamily.

title: @entity19 XXXX is the receptor for pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 17.

answer: @entity36826 :: (12527(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD9']


abstract: The association of the cytoskeleton with the cadherin--catenin complex is essential for strong cell-cell adhesion in epithelial cells. In this study, we have investigated the effect of microtubule organization on cell-cell adhesion in differentiating keratinocytes. When microtubules of normal @entity1 epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) grown in low @entity460 media (0.05 mM) were disrupted with @entity10612 or colcemid, cell-cell adhesion was induced through relocalization of the @entity5962 -catenin-actin complex to the cell periphery. This was accompanied by actin polymerization. Also, it was found that microtubule disruption-induced cell-cell adhesion was significantly reduced in more advanced differentiated keratinocytes. For example, when NHEK cells cultured under high @entity460 (1.2 mM) for 8 d and then in low @entity460 for 1 d were treated with @entity10612 , there was no induction of cell-cell adhesion. Also long-term treatment of a @entity4621 for 48 h inhibited @entity10612 -induced cell-cell adhesion of NHEK. Furthermore, this @entity10612 -induced cell-cell adhesion could be observed in @entity5 cell lines (A431 and SCC-5, -9, and -25) under low @entity460 condition, but not in the keratinocyte cell lines derived from normal epidermis (HaCaT, RHEK). On the other hand, HaCaT cells continuously cultivated in low @entity460 media regained a less differentiated phenotype such as decreased expression of @entity7434 , and increased K5; these changes were accompanied with inducibility of cell-cell adhesion by @entity10612 . Together, our results suggest that microtubule disruption can induce the cell-cell adhesion via activation of endogenous @entity5962 in non- or early differentiating keratinocytes. However, this is no longer possible in advanced terminally differentiating keratinocytes, possibly due to irreversible changes effected by cell envelope barrier formation.

title: Microtubule disruption in keratinocytes induces cell-cell adhesion through activation of endogenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cancer']

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: 5' Sequences of the @entity1 cardiac alpha-actin gene are involved in the tissue-specific and developmental regulation of the gene. Deletion analyses combined with transient expression experiments in muscle cells have demonstrated three primary regions of functional importance (A. Minty and L. Kedes, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2125-2136, 1986; T. Miwa and L. Kedes, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2803-2813, 1987), and we have previously demonstrated binding of a protein indistinguishable from @entity2855 ( @entity2855 ) to the most proximal region (T.A. Gustafson, T. Miwa, L.M. Boxer, and L. Kedes, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4110-4119, 1988). In this report, we examine protein interaction with the remainder of the promoter. Gel shift and footprinting assays revealed that at least seven distinct nuclear proteins interacted with known and putative regulatory regions of the promoter. The transcription factor @entity3419 bound to eight sites, as demonstrated by footprinting assays and gel shift analysis with purified @entity3419 . Purified CCAAT box-binding transcription factor @entity28918 / @entity28918 and @entity3419 were shown to interact with the far-upstream regulatory element at -410, and footprint analysis showed extensive overlap of these two sites. Two unidentified proteins with similar but distinct footprints interacted with the second region of functional importance at -140, which contains the second CArG motif [CC(A + T rich)6GG], and these proteins were shown to be distinct from @entity2855 . @entity2855 was found to bind to the remaining three CArG boxes, two of which were closely interdigitated with @entity3419 sites. In addition, CArG box 4 was found to interact with @entity2855 and another distinct protein whose footprint was contained within the @entity2855 -binding site. Sequences surrounding the TATA box were also shown to bind proteins. @entity3419 was shown to bind to a site immediately downstream from the TATA box and to a site within the first exon. Thus, each of the three functional upstream regions, as defined by transfection assays, was shown to interact with five factors: @entity3419 and @entity28918 / @entity28918 at the upstream site, two unidentified proteins at the central site, and @entity2855 at the most proximal site. These results suggest that expression of the cardiac actin gene in muscle cells is controlled by complex interactions among multiple upstream and intragenic elements.

title: Identification of multiple proteins that interact with functional regions of the XXXX cardiac alpha-actin promoter.

entities_list: @entity2855 :: ('6722', 'Gene') :: ['serum response factor', 'SRF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Gap junctions composed of connexin proteins have an essential role in intercellular communication and differentiation. Dysregulation of connexin expression is believed to have a role in @entity105 . The @entity1 prostate has been reported to express @entity10646 and 43. However, the expression pattern in @entity263 is controversial, while to our knowledge connexin expression has not been reported in @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). To understand the potential involvement in prostate disease @entity10646 and 43 expression was evaluated in a series of normal prostate, @entity263 specimens that were surgically removed due to @entity1876 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frozen sections of 23 normal, 43 @entity1067 and 40 @entity5 involved prostates were evaluated for the presence, staining intensity and pattern of @entity10646 and 43 by immunocytochemical testing. RESULTS: In all specimens examined @entity495 stain was punctate along the borders of the basal epithelial cells, whereas @entity10646 immunolocalized to luminal epithelial cells. In normal prostate @entity495 and 32 were present in 87% and 65% of specimens, respectively, at low to moderate stain intensity. Importantly none of the normal samples were negative foreach connexin. In @entity1067 specimens there was a marked increase in the incidence and intensity of @entity495 and 32 immunostaining within epithelial cells. In addition, 23% of @entity1067 samples showed strong @entity495 expression in stromal cells. In contrast, connexin was @entity263 specimens, of which 65% and 38% were negative for @entity495 and 32, respectively, and 28% were negative for each type. In poorly differentiated @entity5 @entity495 and 32 were present in only 10% and 40% of @entity5 , respectively, at low immunostaining intensity. CONCLUSIONS: In normal @entity1 prostate basal cells communicate via @entity495 gap junctions, whereas luminal cells communicate via @entity10646 gap junctions. In @entity1067 gap junctional intercellular communication is increased in epithelial and stromal cells, which may have a role in @entity1067 pathogenesis. In @entity263 gap junctional intercellular communication is decreased, is as indicated by decreased expression of @entity495 and 32 with severe loss in poorly differentiated @entity263 . These alterations in connexin expression may have a role in dedifferentiation and @entity5 progression.

title: Alterations in gap junction protein expression in @entity1 @entity1067 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['BPH and prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'decreased in prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Lubag is an @entity16077 that affects Filipino @entity1 originating principally from the Panay Island. Linkage analysis has confirmed the mode of inheritance and localized the disease gene to the proximal long arm of the x-chromosome. We studied the brain of a 34 year old Filipino @entity1 affected with lubag. He developed truncal @entity3519 at age 30, which subsequently generalized. With disease progression, he also presented with @entity304 including, @entity2003 , @entity2845 , and impaired balance. His symptoms were largely unaffected by medication and, at age 34, he underwent a right cryothalamotomy. He died suddenly 2 days after the procedure. The principal neuropathological findings were @entity528 and a multifocal mosaic pattern of astrocytosis restricted to the caudate and lateral putamen. Similar findings have been reported in two other @entity1 with @entity3519 --one Filipino and the other non-Filipino. The similar pathology of the two Filipino @entity1 suggests that this is the pathology of lubag. Recognition of this pathology in a non-Filipino @entity1 suggests that the mutation causing lubag may not be restricted to the Filipino population.

title: Neuropathology of lubag (x-linked XXXX @entity304 ).

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity16077 :: ('MESH:C564048', 'Disease') :: ['x-linked recessive dystonia parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: @entity4303 is an intermediate form between low grade malignant @entity4303 and high grade @entity4153 which are the two ends of the spectrum of neuroendocrine @entity5 . Between 1983 and 1993, twenty-three atypical @entity4303 underwent surgical treatment. Histologic diagnosis of @entity4303 was established if the criteria proposed by Arrigoni et al, were fulfilled. Diagnosis was most frequently based on screening chest roentgenogram (56%). CT-scan findings showed a nodular peripheral mass in 65% of @entity1 and central mass or @entity891 in 35% of @entity1 . Four pneumonectomies, 15 lobectomies, 2 segmentectomies and 2 wedge resections were performed. Nine @entity1 (39%) had regional nodal metastases and 4 @entity1 (17%) had mediastinal nodal metastases (N2 disease) at the time of surgery. There were 4 death related to recurrence of the disease with distant @entity3 in 3 @entity1 (14%). Ten-year survival in atypical form was 59% contrasting with the 90% ten-year survival rate in @entity1 with typical form operated on the same period. Because of their aggressive @entity146 were comparable to well differentiated @entity2 and require an aggressive approach with lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection being a minimum procedure.

title: [Heterogeneity of XXXX . Place of atypical forms].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['malignant small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior, atypical carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical carcinoid', 'atypical carcinoid', 'typical carcinoid', 'carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bronchial carcinoid tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of adenovirus-mediated basic fibroblast growth factor( @entity664 ) gene transfer in vivo on oligodendrocyte cell numbers throughout @entity62 following @entity1566 in @entity35 . METHODS: Thirty-two adult female @entity35 were injured with the Infinite Horizon Impactor, and then were randomly assigned to four groups: @entity664 -Adts high-titer group (1.27x10(7) pfu/ @entity35 ), @entity664 -Adts intermediate-titre group (6.37x10(6) pfu/ @entity35 ), @entity664 -Adts low-titer group (3.18 x 10(6) pfu/ @entity35 ), and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Adts group (5.9x10(7) pfu/ @entity35 ). The transgenic expression in vivo was detected with fluorescence microscopy. The locomotor function of the hindlimbs of @entity35 was evaluated using Rivlin plate. Slides mounted with tissue sections were processed for immunohistochemical detection and quantification of oligodendrocytes (CC1(+)) in the ventral lateral funiculi (VLF) of injured spinal cords. RESULTS: One week after @entity1566 , GFP showed that many cells had expressed objective gene in vivo and the angles of the occlusal plane of @entity35 in @entity664 groups were significantly higher than in GFP-Adts group. Also, there was a significant difference among the @entity664 -Adts treatment groups for the volume of gray matter sparing. However, there were no significant differences for total white matter sparing. Stereological quantification of total CC1(+) cell numbers in the spared VLF showed a significant reduction in numbers with GFP controls compared to all other groups 4 weeks after injury. In contrast, the @entity664 Adts intermediate-titer group had significantly more CC1(+) cells when compared to both the @entity664 -Adts high- and low-titer groups. CONCLUSION: Adenovirus-mediated @entity664 gene transfer can promote the functional recovery of the injured spinal cord by enhancing the proliferation and/or differentiation of oligodendrocytes.

title: Effect of adenovirus-mediated basic fibroblast growth factor gene transfer in vivo on oligodendrocyte cell numbers throughout @entity62 following XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['ventrolateral white matter']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of oral Pycnogenol (Horphag Research Ltd, UK) in @entity1 with severe @entity4096 . @entity1 with severe @entity101 ( @entity4096 , @entity4 ) and history of venous @entity1066 were treated with Pycnogenol. @entity1 received oral Pycnogenol (50 mg capsules, 3 times daily for a total of 150 mg daily) for 8 weeks. A group of 21 @entity1 was included in the treatment group and 18 equivalent @entity1 were observed as controls (no treatment during the observation period). All 21 @entity1 (age 53 years; range, 42-60 years; M:F=11:10) in the treatment group completed the 8-week study. Also the 18 controls completed the follow-up period. There were no drop-outs. The average ambulatory venous pressure was 59.3 ( @entity168 7.2; range 50-68) with a refilling time shorter than 10 seconds (average 7.6; @entity168 3). There were no differences in ambulatory venous pressure or refilling time between the treatment and control @entity1 . The duration of the disease-from the first signs/symptoms-was on average 5.7 years ( @entity168 2.1). At 4 and 8 weeks, in all Pycnogenol-treated subjects, microcirculatory and clinical evaluations indicated a progressive decrease in skin flux, indicating an improvement in the level of @entity455 ; a significant decrease in capillary filtration; a significant improvement in the symptomatic score; and a reduction in @entity4 . There were no visible effects in controls. In conclusion, this study confirms the fast clinical efficacy of Pycnogenol in @entity1 with @entity4096 and @entity455 . The study indicates the significant clinical role of Pycnogenol in the management, treatment and control of this common clinical problem. The treatment may be also useful to prevent @entity1066 by controlling the level of @entity455 .

title: Rapid relief of signs/symptoms in chronic XXXX with pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['venous microangiopathy', 'microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ankle swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['venous microangiopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induced sputum potentially allows monitoring of @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity565 in a non-invasive way. However, the relationship between the cellular content in sputum and airway tissue has not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVE: We compared the cellular compositions of hypertonic saline-induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and bronchial biopsies in 18 clinically stable @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity12131 (baseline FEV1: range 61-114%pred, PC20 @entity2710 : 0.04-4.7 mg/mL). They were treated with inhaled short-acting bronchodilators on demand, with (n = 8) or without (n = 10) regular inhaled @entity230 . METHODS: Each @entity1 underwent sputum induction and fiberoptic bronchoscopy on separate days in random order. Differential cell counts of induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial wash were determined on May-Gr  nwald-Giemsa stained cytospins. Flow cytometry was performed on sputum and BAL samples. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to stain inflammatory cells in 6 microm cryostat sections of bronchial biopsies. RESULTS: Sputum cell differentials were not different between the @entity1 with and without inhaled @entity230 , and showed a median value of 19.4% squamous cells, with 1.0% eosinophils, 3.3% lymphocytes, 28.7% neutrophils, 49.4% macrophages and 6.9% cylindric epithelial cells (in percentage non-squamous cells). The percentage eosinophils in sputum was significantly correlated with their percentage in bronchial wash (Rs = 0.52, P = 0.03) and in BAL (Rs = 0.55, P= 0.02), whilst there was a trend towards such a correlation between the number of eosinophils/mL sputum and the number of EG2+ eosinophils/mm2 lamina propria in bronchial biopsies (Rs = 0.44, P = 0.07). In addition, the percentage of @entity404 + lymphocytes correlated between sputum and BAL (Rs = 0.55, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the eosinophil counts in hypertonic saline-induced sputum from @entity1 with @entity565 are related to those in bronchial wash and BAL and, to a lesser extent, with the counts in bronchial biopsies. This suggests that induced sputum can be used to monitor the presence and severity of @entity32 in @entity565 .

title: Comparison of inflammatory cell counts in XXXX : induced sputum vs bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of @entity687 ( @entity687 ) with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and plasminogen activator system (PA system) in the progression of @entity14 ( @entity14 ). In eighty-seven @entity1 with @entity14 , the levels of @entity687 , and @entity7 as representative angiogenic factors and @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ), @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), and @entity10933 as representative invasive factors were quantitatively assayed in @entity5 and adjacent normal tissues. The levels of @entity687 , @entity7 , and PA system factors in @entity5 tissues were all significantly higher than those in normal tissues. The @entity687 level was significantly associated with @entity5 size, depth of infiltration, Dukes stage, and liver @entity3 , and also significantly correlated with the levels of @entity7 , @entity10431 , @entity2290 , and @entity2289 . The @entity7 level was significantly associated with @entity5 size, vascular involvement. The levels of @entity10431 and @entity2289 were significantly associated with @entity5 size and depth of infiltration, and the @entity10431 level was associated with liver @entity3 . The @entity7 level was significantly correlated with the levels of @entity10431 and @entity2289 . These results reveal that @entity687 , @entity7 , and PA system factors are contributed to @entity5 growth, invasion, and @entity3 in @entity14 . Univariate analysis revealed that high levels of @entity687 , @entity7 , and @entity10431 were significantly associated with a shorter overall survival time; however, multivariate analysis identified only liver @entity3 as an independent prognostic factor. In conclusion, @entity687 is responsible to @entity5 progression and liver @entity3 of @entity14 , and the activation of PAS induced by @entity687 as well as @entity7 may play an important role in the progression of @entity14 .

title: Association of @entity687 and plasminogen activator system in the progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), the most frequent form of @entity1625 , is often drug-resistant. Enriching the @entity302 focus with @entity1246 -releasing engineered cells has been proposed as a strategy to prevent @entity410 . However, ex vivo data from animal models and @entity1315 @entity1 suggest that, due to changes in @entity2865 homeostasis, @entity8771 receptor activation is depolarizing and partly responsible for focal interictal discharges and @entity410 initiation. To understand how these two contradictory aspects of GABAergic neurotransmission coexist in @entity1315 , we used an established @entity19 model of @entity1315 presenting @entity131 and recurrent @entity131 ( @entity131 ) 30-40days after a unilateral injection of @entity4176 in the dorsal hippocampus. We first showed that injections of @entity8771 receptor agonists either systemically or directly into hippocampus suppressed @entity131 . Western-blotting and immunostaining revealed that levels of a1, a3 and y2 @entity8771 receptor subunits were increased in @entity302 @entity19 , compared to saline controls, while levels of R1 and R2 GABAB receptor subunits but also @entity13429 , @entity18192 and NR2B @entity3391 receptor subunits and @entity9446 and @entity9449 @entity140 receptor subunits were decreased. In addition, we showed that the expression of the transporter @entity49668 , which load neurons with @entity2865 , was increased, whereas @entity49669 , a @entity2865 extruder, was decreased and that @entity131 were suppressed by injection of blockers of @entity49668 . These different changes were integrated in a numerical model, and in silico simulations supported the notion that @entity2865 imbalance impair local inhibitory control of pyramidal neurons' activity in this model of @entity1315 . However, our numerical model also suggested that lasting activation of these receptors restore physiological intracellular @entity2865 concentrations and suppress @entity131 . Overall, our study suggests that activation of @entity8771 receptor remains an effective antiepileptic strategy to suppress focal @entity410 in @entity1315 , and demonstrates that modeling and simulation studies provide new insights about the cellular and synaptic mechanisms of this disease.

title: Activation of XXXX receptors controls mesiotemporal lobe @entity302 despite changes in @entity2865 transporters expression: In vivo and in silico approach.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['HPDs', 'hippocampal paroxysmal discharges', 'hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['Mesiotemporal lobe Epilepsy', 'MTLE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity8771 :: (14405(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GABAA']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the evolution between 1999 and 2002 and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in a multidrug-resistant @entity3064 clone predominant in isolates from elderly @entity1 with @entity1729 . METHODS: Susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined using an agar dilution method. Bacterial clones were identified by PCR-fingerprinting and PFGE with ApaI. Carbapenemases were detected by phenotypic tests; by PCR with primers specific for bla (OXA-40), bla(IMP), bla(VIM-1) and bla( @entity46759 ); and by hybridization with DNA probes. Class 1 integrons were detected using PCR. RESULTS: In 1999 isolates were grouped into two main genotypes: clone I (33%) and clone II (55%). These were also detected in 2002 with a different distribution: clone I (69%), clone II (22%). Resistance to @entity4509 , @entity2889 and @entity2892 increased significantly in clone I over this time, whereas clone II was not affected. In 2002, the incidence of bla(OXA-40) rose to 91% in clone I isolates with some also harbouring bla( @entity46759 ) and bla(IMP) genes. Different class 1 integrons were detected ranging in size from 550 to 1200 bp. No relationship was found between carbapenemases and class 1 integrons. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly @entity1 , a single clone became predominant among A. baumannii isolates, coinciding with an increase in antibiotic resistance rates. The majority of isolates harboured the bla(OXA-40) carbapenemase gene and some of them also harboured bla( @entity46759 ) and bla(IMP) genes. The presence of class 1 integrons also increased over time.

title: Evolution of multidrug-resistant @entity3064 isolates obtained from elderly XXXX with @entity1729 .

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recent studies have subdivided serous borderline @entity5 into 2 categories: atypical @entity5 (APSTs), which have a relatively benign course, and @entity189 ( @entity189 ), which behave like low-grade @entity189 . This study was undertaken to determine, using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), whether cytogenetic changes support this hypothesis. Nine cases of APST, 10 of MPSC, and 11 of invasive @entity189 ( @entity189 ) were analyzed by CGH. Tumor DNA was extracted from frozen or @entity982 -embedded tissue from the primary @entity43 , using either sections with at least 70% @entity5 cells or tissue after relative enrichment by microdissection. Chromosomal imbalances were identified in 3 of 9 APST, 6 of 10 MPSC, and 11 of 11 @entity189 . Three or more chromosomal imbalances were found in 0 of 9 APST, 4 of 10 MPSC, and 9 of 11 @entity189 . Recurrent copy number alterations were grouped into 4 classes correlating with the different @entity5 types. Class I changes were present in APST and in MPSC or @entity189 and included +8q (7 of 11 @entity189 , 2 of 10 MPSC, 2 of 9 APST), -9p (5 of 11 @entity189 , 0 of 10 MPSC, 1 of 9 APST), and +12 (+12p in 3/11 @entity189 , +12 in 2 of 10 MPSC, +12 in 1 of 9 APST). Class II changes were found only in MPSC and @entity189 , but not in APST. The most frequent examples were +3q (10 of 11 @entity189 , 1 of 10 MPSC), -4q (5 of 11 @entity189 , 1 of 10 MPSC), and -17p (5 of 11 @entity189 , 1 of 10 MPSC). Class III changes were limited to @entity189 , like -16q (7 of 11 @entity189 ) and -18q (6 of 11 @entity189 ). Class VI changes were unique to MPSC. Gain of 16p (3 of 10 MPSC) was the only aberration in this group. This aberration was not only unique to MPSC but was also the most frequent finding in MPSC. These data support the hypothesis that noninvasive @entity5 of the ovary can be subdivided into 2 categories: APST and MPSC. The number of imbalances in MPSC is substantially higher than in APST and lower than in @entity189 . Some changes in MPSC are shared with @entity189 and APST and others with @entity189 only, suggesting that a subset of MPSC may represent a stage in progression from APST to @entity189 . Other cases of MPSC with independent genetic alterations may represent another subset of @entity5 that are a distinct entity from APST and @entity189 .

title: @entity43 has distinct patterns of chromosomal imbalances by comparative genomic hybridization compared with atypical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'proliferative serous tumors', 'serous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'MPSCs', 'SC', 'micropapillary serous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['proliferative serous tumors and serous carcinomas']


abstract: The physiological role of endogenous @entity842 in regulation of renal function in @entity1 is unclear. Eight healthy @entity1 received an inhibitor of @entity842 synthase, @entity7293 ( @entity7293 , 3 mg/kg), and saline placebo intravenously on two occasions. @entity7293 significantly increased mean arterial pressure (+7%) and total peripheral resistance (+36%). However, because renal plasma flow did not decrease significantly, the increase in renal vascular resistance (+21%) was significantly less than the increase in total peripheral resistance. Glomerular filtration rate (-19%), filtration fraction (-10%), urine flow rate (-18%), @entity1372 (-28%), and free water excretion (-25%) all decreased significantly. Fractional distal, but not proximal, @entity1372 reabsorption increased. @entity7293 also significantly decreased plasma @entity1507 and urinary excretion of @entity1507 and @entity935 . There were no significant changes in plasma @entity916 activity, plasma endothelin, and @entity1369 or in platelet number and ex vivo aggregation. @entity7293 had a plasma half-life of 75 min. Basal generation of @entity842 appears to contribute less to vascular tone in the kidney than systemically but may alter afferent arteriolar tone. Decreased fractional @entity1372 excretion supports an important physiological role for @entity842 in inhibition of tubular @entity1372 reabsorption, possibly mediated by the renal dopaminergic system.

title: Physiological role of XXXX in regulation of renal function in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity652 of the adrenal cortex cause different disorders depending on the main @entity134 synthesized and released. The aim of this research is to increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of steroidogenesis in adrenocortical disorders by comparing the release of @entity230 from @entity822 in vitro with the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity134 synthesizing enzymes. Fourteen @entity1 with @entity5 were included in the present study; nine were diagnosed with @entity1368 and three with @entity699 . Two @entity1 had an @entity5 discovered on computed tomography (CT) during workup for an unrelated disease. Serum @entity701 , plasma @entity1369 , and urinary @entity2661 were normal. Tissue was taken for in vitro @entity134 release, and @entity1369 and @entity701 in the medium after a 1-hour incubation were determined. Oligonucleotide probes with sequences complementary to mRNAs encoding for the @entity134 synthesizing enzymes 11 beta-hydroxylase ( @entity6043 ), 18-hydroxylase ( @entity6330 ), 17 alpha-hydroxylase ( @entity9667 ), and 21-hydroxylase ( @entity4414 ) were synthesized (Genset, Paris, France) and in situ hybridization was performed. Moderate expression of @entity6330 and low expression of @entity6043 were seen in the @entity4091 . The zona fasciculata of the control adrenals expressed a high signal of @entity6043 , whereas the expression of @entity6330 was very low. There was considerable variation in @entity1369 release from the aldosteronomas, whereas the @entity5 from the @entity699 @entity1 showed no detectable release of @entity1369 . In contrast, @entity5 from @entity1 with @entity1368 , @entity699 , and no hyperfunction all had the ability to synthesize and release @entity701 in vitro. The highest @entity701 release was found in @entity5 from @entity1 with @entity699 , but also the nonhyperfunctioning @entity5 and some of the aldosteronomas released significant amounts of @entity701 . The two @entity1 with highest release of @entity1369 in vitro showed the highest expression of @entity6330 and the lowest expression of @entity6043 and @entity9667 . The remaining aldosteronomas had low expression of @entity6330 , similar to the two other groups. Expression of @entity6043 was high as expected in the @entity699 @entity652 , but also the two nonhyperfunctioning @entity5 and some of the aldosteronomas showed a moderate expression. @entity652 from @entity699 , nonhyperfunctioning @entity652 , and some of the @entity1369 -producing @entity652 had moderate to high expression of @entity9667 . This paper presents new means for functional characterization of @entity16663 . Diagnosis of an aldosteronoma is often difficult, and with the advent of these methods it is possible to determine the functional capacity of a @entity5 , once it is removed. This is of special interest if the @entity1 remains @entity101 postoperatively, and it is not clear whether the @entity1 indeed had a functioning @entity5 .

title: In vitro release of @entity1369 and XXXX in @entity1 @entity652 correlates to mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes for genes @entity6330 and @entity9667 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumor', 'tumors', 'adrenal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome", 'Cushing']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['zona glomerulosa']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'Adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and angiographic importance of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) during @entity4156 ( @entity4156 ) by comparing @entity1 groups with and without @entity1347 after @entity4156 . One hundred seventy-two @entity1 (141 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 ) between 28 and 84 years of age (mean 55 +/-10 years) with @entity4156 were included in the study. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria: group I comprised 25 @entity1 in whom ECG pattern characteristic of @entity1347 developed, group II comprised 147 @entity1 without this pattern. According to the electrocardiogram, @entity1 were placed in group I if the mean QRS axis was deviated to the left < 30 degrees in the frontal plane with the following pattern: increased S-wave voltage and decreased R-wave voltage in leads II, the appearance of a deep S-wave in lead II, and a terminal positive R-wave in lead aVR. Coronary angiography was performed within 2 weeks. @entity3979 was considered if the vessel diameter was narrowed by > 50%. The dominant coronary artery was classified as right or left or balanced. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated from left ventriculography. The mean age of the @entity1 in group I was significantly higher (58 vs 54 years, p = 0.007), while the risk factors were similar in both groups. Left anterior descending (LAD) and @entity453 ( @entity453 ) were found to be significantly higher in group I compared with group 11 (80% vs 38%, p=0.0001; 84% vs 52%, p=0.001, respectively). The mean LVEF was found to be lower in group I (51% vs 56%, p=0.04). Peak @entity908 phosphokinase MB (CKMB) values were not different (216 vs 162 IU/L, p = 0.09). The frequency of left dominant or balanced coronary artery was determined to be higher in group I (44% vs 17%, p = 0.018). @entity1347 development during @entity4156 can be an indicator of @entity75 , multivessel @entity453 , and @entity1002 .

title: Importance of @entity1347 development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['LAD lesions']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAHB', 'left anterior hemiblock']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['A coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4156 :: ('MESH:D056989', 'Disease') :: ['acute inferior myocardial infarction', 'AIMI']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'multi-vessel coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular systolic function']

answer: @entity4156 :: (MESH:D056989,Disease) :: ['inferior wall acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) are characterised by abnormalities in social interaction and communication skills, as well as stereotypic behaviours and restricted activities and interests. Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed for the treatment of conditions often comorbid with @entity72 such as @entity308 , @entity148 and @entity3119 . OBJECTIVES: To determine if treatment with an SSRI:1. improves the core features of @entity2438 (social interaction, communication and behavioural problems);2. improves other non-core aspects of behaviour or function such as self-injurious behaviour;3. improves the quality of life of adults or @entity1 and their carers;4. has short- and long-term effects on outcome;5. causes harm. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases up until March 2013: CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC and Sociological Abstracts. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). This was supplemented by searching reference lists and contacting known experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any dose of oral SSRI compared with placebo, in @entity1 with @entity72 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and appraised each study's risk of bias. MAIN RESULTS: Nine RCTs with a total of 320 @entity1 were included. Four SSRIs were evaluated: @entity905 (three studies), @entity3755 (two studies), @entity4899 (two studies) and @entity837 (two studies). Five studies included only @entity1 and four studies included only adults. Varying inclusion criteria were used with regard to diagnostic criteria and intelligence quotient of @entity1 . Eighteen different outcome measures were reported. Although more than one study reported data for Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ), different tool types or components of these outcomes were used in each study. As such, data were unsuitable for meta-analysis, except for one outcome (proportion improvement). One large, high-quality study in @entity1 showed no evidence of positive effect of @entity837 . Three small studies in adults showed positive outcomes for CGI and @entity3119 ; one study showed improvements in aggression, and another in @entity148 . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of effect of SSRIs in @entity1 and emerging evidence of harm. There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of SSRIs in adults from small studies in which risk of bias is unclear.

title: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for @entity72 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['OCB', 'obsessive-compulsive behaviours', 'obsessive-compulsive behaviour']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['ASD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA, alteplase) improved functional outcome in @entity1 treated soon after acute @entity64 in randomised trials, but licensing is restrictive and use varies widely. The IST-3 trial adds substantial new data. We therefore assessed all the evidence from randomised trials for rt-PA in acute @entity64 in an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched for randomised trials of intravenous rt-PA versus control given within 6 h of onset of acute @entity64 up to March 30, 2012. We estimated summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI in the primary analysis for prespecified outcomes within 7 days and at the final follow-up of all @entity1 treated up to 6 h after @entity64 . FINDINGS: In up to 12 trials (7012 @entity1 ), rt-PA given within 6 h of @entity64 significantly increased the odds of being alive and independent (modified Rankin Scale, mRS 0-2) at final follow-up (1611/3483 [46  3%] vs 1434/3404 [42  1%], OR 1  17, 95% CI 1  06-1  29; p=0  001), absolute increase of 42 (19-66) per 1000 @entity1 treated, and favourable outcome (mRS 0-1) absolute increase of 55 (95% CI 33-77) per 1000. The benefit of rt-PA was greatest in @entity1 treated within 3 h (mRS 0-2, 365/896 [40  7%] vs 280/883 [31  7%], 1  53, 1  26-1  86, p<0  0001), absolute benefit of 90 (46-135) per 1000 @entity1 treated, and mRS 0-1 (283/896 [31  6%] vs 202/883 [22  9%], 1  61, 1  30-1  90; p<0  0001), absolute benefit 87 (46-128) per 1000 treated. Numbers of @entity204 within 7 days were increased (250/2807 [8  9%] vs 174/2728 [6  4%], 1  44, 1  18-1  76; p=0  0003), but by final follow-up the excess was no longer significant (679/3548 [19  1%] vs 640/3464 [18  5%], 1  06, 0  94-1  20; p=0  33). Symptomatic @entity932 (272/3548 [7  7%] vs 63/3463 [1  8%], 3  72, 2  98-4  64; p<0  0001) accounted for most of the early excess @entity204 . @entity1 older than 80 years achieved similar benefit to those aged 80 years or younger, particularly when treated early. INTERPRETATION: The evidence indicates that intravenous rt-PA increased the proportion of @entity1 who were alive with favourable outcome and alive and independent at final follow-up. The data strengthen previous evidence to treat @entity1 as early as possible after acute @entity64 , although some @entity1 might benefit up to 6 h after @entity64 . FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council, @entity64 Association, University of Edinburgh, National Health Service Health Technology Assessment Programme, Swedish Heart-Lung Fund, AFA Insurances Stockholm (Arbetsmarknadens Partners Forsakringsbolag), Karolinska Institute, Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation, Research Council of Norway, Oslo University Hospital.

title: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute XXXX : an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: @entity356 is a rare adult condition affecting a small area near @entity1127 , @entity1066 or is an inflammatory process. @entity420 develops in severe @entity356 , and this process may take 1 year. Mild and moderate @entity1141 regress and only a small proportion progresses to @entity12341 . We report a @entity12341 in a 16-year-old male with no clinical history of @entity1819 with acute and severe @entity360 that lowered hemoglobin levels to 2.8 g/dL. Bleeding persisted and subtotal gastrectomy was performed on an emergency basis. At gross examination, @entity548 and congestion were found with superficial @entity1066 . @entity3178 , @entity12341 was observed with @entity189 limited to foveolar mucosa. The @entity1066 were congested and there was no @entity32 , no @entity1127 or other alterations in the mucosal layer. Ki-67 and @entity876 markers were positive, @entity986 with sporadic positivity. The purpose here is to report an exceptional case because of the young age and extensive and @entity12341 with @entity189 and no previous clinical history. No similar cases of @entity12341 with @entity189 in situ are reported in the literature.

title: [Severe @entity356 with XXXX in a 16-year-old male].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric disease']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['Microscopically']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['areas of intramucosal carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'intramucosal areas of carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12341 :: ('MESH:C563736', 'Disease') :: ['severe dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dysplasia', 'Gastric dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['intramucosal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the use of corneal topography in conjunction with slitlamp biomicroscopy and retinoscopy to diagnose @entity9042 in a large group of @entity1 with @entity4243 ( @entity4243 ). SETTING: Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 (72 eyes) with genetically typed @entity4243 had slitlamp biomicroscopy, retinoscopy, and videokeratography with the EyeSys instrument. The presence or absence of slitlamp @entity9042 findings was correlated to a presumptive diagnosis based on corneal topography using derived topographic indexes associated with @entity9042 . These topographic indexes included central corneal power, (CCP), difference in CCP, inferosuperior asymmetry (I-S) value, and asphericity (Q). Axial and profile difference maps were generated and analyzed for findings suggestive of @entity9042 . RESULTS: In 72 eyes, no @entity9042 was found using slitlamp biomicroscopy. No eye had an I-S value greater than 1.60 diopters (D), 2 eyes had a CCP greater than 46.50 D, and 2 eyes had a Q value less than -1.00. Eight of 36 pairs of eyes had an intereye CCP greater than 0.92 D. In both eyes of the @entity1 with Q values less than -1.00 the profile difference maps were mildly abnormal. CONCLUSIONS: Slitlamp biomicroscopy of the @entity267 was unremarkable in all @entity1 . Only 1 @entity1 had Q values and profile difference maps that were mildly suggestive of @entity9042 . Even after adding topography to the examination, it appears that @entity9042 in a known population of @entity1 with @entity4243 remains rare.

title: Corneal topography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome', 'EDS']

answer: @entity4243 :: (MESH:D004535,Disease) :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome']


abstract: The neurocognitive effects of cranial radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity11 are well-recognised and may be related to the dose delivered to the hippocampi. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a radiotherapy technique that can be used to selectively spare the hippocampi without compromising the dose delivered to the @entity5 . This study aimed to evaluate if hippocampal-sparing IMRT is achievable in @entity1 with @entity347 ( @entity347 ) @entity11 . A retrospective review of consecutive @entity1 with @entity11 treated with IMRT at our institution between January 2009 and August 2012 was performed. Hippocampal-sparing was defined as a mean dose to at least one hippocampus of less than 30 Gy. The dose delivered to the @entity5 was never compromised to achieve the hippocampal dose constraint. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for achieving hippocampal-sparing treatment. Eighteen @entity1 were identified and hippocampal-sparing was achieved in 14 (78%). The median dose prescribed was 59.4 Gy in 33 fractions and 11 @entity1 had @entity347 grade @entity11 . The mean dose to the contralateral hippocampus was 24.9 Gy. Planning target volumes less than 420.5 cm3 were more likely to enable hippocampal-sparing treatment to be given (hazard ratio 1.7, p=0.03) and there was a trend with @entity3271 and @entity3271 . Hippocampal-sparing radiotherapy is feasible in @entity1 with @entity11 . Oncologic outcomes are yet to be assessed prospectively. The relationship between hippocampal dose and neurocognitive function in adults is currently under investigation.

title: Hippocampal-sparing radiotherapy: the new standard of care for XXXX @entity11 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['World Health Organization', 'WHO']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'III gliomas', 'grade II and III gliomas', 'WHO grade II and III gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'anaplastic oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity347 :: (MESH:D019965,Disease) :: ['World Health Organization']


abstract: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is caused by T-cell mediated autoimmune reaction directed against the insulin-secreting beta cells. We hypothesized that in addition to antigen/MHC recognition the co-stimulatory B7 and @entity1361 pathway is also strongly affected in @entity1723 . @entity7938 , @entity2937 , @entity1361 , @entity4386 , @entity12448 and @entity2902 mRNA expression was characterized in 49 newly diagnosed young @entity1723 @entity1 (mean age 11    5 years, 25 male/24 @entity1 ) and 31 controls (mean age 14    7 years, 14 male/17 @entity1 ). In addition, polymorphisms in @entity4386 ( @entity46735 , @entity34364 , @entity46736 ) were genotyped and soluble @entity4386 plasma levels measured by ELISA. @entity1723 @entity1 presented with higher peripheral blood expression levels of @entity7938 (Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.0001) and lower @entity12448 levels compared to healthy controls (Glm adjusted for age, p=0.0004). @entity7938 expression in @entity1723 @entity1 correlated with expression of two @entity4386 splice variants (Spearman's rank correlation, rho=0.56, p=0.0002 for sCTLA4; rho=0.61, p<0.0001 for flCTLA4). In controls, @entity7938 expression correlated with @entity2902 expression (Spearman's rank correlation, rho=0.57, p=0.002). A strong correlation was observed between sCTLA4 and flCTLA4 (Spearman's rank correlation, rho=0.94, p<0.0001). We also found a tendency that the @entity4386 @entity12402 polymorphism influenced sCTLA4 mRNA expression in @entity1723 individuals and was lowest in individuals with the GG genotype (Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.039). However, we could not identify associations between gene expression and plasma levels of sCTLA4. To summarize, we expect that newly diagnosed @entity1723 among @entity1 and adolescents is associated with activation of @entity7938 and @entity4386 in peripheral blood. Additional studies will be needed to elucidate the role of @entity7938 / @entity4386 signaling in @entity1723 .

title: Expression of B7 and XXXX family genes in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

answer: @entity1361 :: (940,Gene) :: ['CD28']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lateral hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons dominate modulation of food intake. Changes in lateral hypothalamic synaptic dopaminergic release before and during @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) and its components were measured in vivo with microdialysis probes. METHODS: @entity35 had an intracerebral guide cannula and an internal jugular catheter placed. Ten days after recovery, @entity35 were fasted for 24 hours. A 2 mm microdialysis probe was inserted into the lateral hypothalamus neurons via the guide cannula. @entity935 level was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in three 60-minute baseline dialysis samples. @entity3147 , @entity413 , fat, or @entity535 was then infused via the internal jugular catheter, and @entity935 level was measured in three more 60-minute dialysate samples. Single nutrients were infused for 24 hours, and @entity935 was measured during the 3 hours after the infusions were stopped. Data were analyzed by paired t test (mean +/- standard error) and represented percentage change from baseline. RESULTS: @entity935 levels rose significantly (p < 0.05) and remained so during infusions in @entity3147 (26% +/- 3%), @entity413 (26.5% +/- 4.6%), fat (36.2% +/- 6.7%), and @entity1522 (9.6% +/- 4.2%). After infusions were stopped, @entity935 levels decreased to -35.4% +/- 1.5% in @entity413 but remained unchanged with fat and @entity1522 . CONCLUSIONS: Increase in lateral hypothalamic @entity935 level occurs with @entity3147 and its components, and changes persist temporarily after stopping the infusions, explaining in part the slow recovery of food intake after @entity3147 is stopped.

title: Lateral hypothalamic dopaminergic neural activity in response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['total parenteral nutrition', 'TPN']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['total parenteral nutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Split-dose @entity968 ( @entity970 ) is a standard bowel preparation regimen for colonoscopy, but the large volume is burdensome to ingest and the night dose causes @entity25 . This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a bowel preparation protocol using low-volume morning-only @entity970 with specially designed low-residue test meals (LV- @entity970 with TM) compared to a standard-volume split-dose @entity970 bowel preparation with a standard diet (SV- @entity970 with SD). METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded, noninferiority study. The primary end point was bowel preparation quality according to the Ottawa scale. Tolerability, compliance, adverse events, sleep quality and polyp/ @entity652 were also assessed. RESULTS: Among 197 @entity1 analyzed (mean age 54.6 years, 51.3% @entity1 ), 97 received LV- @entity970 with TM and 100 received SV- @entity970 with SD. The Ottawa score for the total colon was 3.76    2.07 in the LV- @entity970 with TM group and 3.67    1.57 in the SV- @entity970 with SD group (p = 0.723; difference 0.09, 95% confidence interval -0.60 to 0.42). The compliance was high (more than 95%) in both groups (p = 0.621). @entity970 was easier to ingest for @entity1 in the LV- @entity970 with TM group compared to the SV- @entity970 with SD group [visual analogue scale (VAS) for difficulty: 4.64    2.46 vs. 5.97    2.42, respectively; p < 0.001]. Diet instructions were also easier to comply with for @entity1 in the LV- @entity970 with TM group compared to the SV- @entity970 with SD group (VAS for difficulty: 3.11    2.25 vs. 4.00    2.39, respectively; p = 0.008). @entity1 in the LV- @entity970 with TM group had a lower incidence of abdominal bloating (p = 0.012) and better sleep quality (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the groups regarding polyp and @entity652 . CONCLUSIONS: LV- @entity970 with TM and SV- @entity970 with SD have similar efficacy with regard to bowel preparation for colonoscopy. LV- @entity970 with TM provided easier @entity970 intake and diet compliance, less abdominal bloating and better sleep quality than SV- @entity970 with SD.

title: Low-volume morning-only @entity968 with specially designed test meals versus standard-volume split-dose XXXX with standard diet for colonoscopy: a prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma detection']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 (anti- @entity1675 ) IgG is a potential marker of @entity731 and @entity65 . In @entity1 with @entity2521 the presence of anti- @entity1675 IgGs in serum and their association with @entity731 is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One-hundred and thirty subjects with periodontal disease and 46 healthy subjects, matched for age and gender, participated in this study. Anti- @entity1675 IgG, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and @entity45983 were measured in serum samples. An ankle-brachial index (ABI) value below 1.11 served as a surrogate marker of @entity731 . Predictive accuracies of biomarkers for abnormal ABI were determined using receiver-operating characteristics curves and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, @entity2521 @entity1 showed lower median ABI values (1.10 vs. 1.15; p < 0.0001), a higher prevalence of anti- @entity1675 IgG positivity (23.8% vs. 6.5%; p = 0.009) and higher concentrations of hsCRP (1.62 mg/L vs. 0.85 mg/L; p = 0.02) and @entity1495 (435  g/mL vs. 283  g/mL; p < 0.0001). In @entity1 younger than 50 years of age (n = 66), anti- @entity1675 IgG was found to be the best predictor for an abnormal ABI (area under the curve = 0.63; p = 0.03). Anti- @entity1675 IgG positivity increased the risk of having an abnormal ABI (odds ratio = 4.20; p = 0.04), independently of @entity6 , smoking and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Anti- @entity1675 IgG positivity and @entity731 , as reflected by abnormal ABI, were more prevalent in @entity2521 @entity1 than in age- and gender-matched controls. In younger @entity2521 patients, anti- @entity1675 IgG was found to be the best predictor of @entity731 burden.

title: Anti-apolipoprotein A-1 autoantibodies as biomarker for @entity731 burden in XXXX with @entity2521 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To determine the effect of @entity619 when treating @entity5 , 35 @entity1 were randomized to receive intravenous @entity619 or a placebo, crossing over to the alternate treatment arm if there had been no resolution of obstruction by day 5. This was done in two consecutive studies. @entity1 were stratified according to whether or not they had received specific anticancer therapy within 28 days of study. In trial 1, 15 out of 22 @entity1 'responded' (resolution of obstruction by day 5; 10 on @entity619 , five on placebo). Eleven out of 15 @entity1 were 'on treatment'. In trial 2, six out of 13 responded (three on @entity619 , three on placebo); three out of six were 'on treatment'. When both studies are combined, 60% (21/35) @entity1 responded (13 on @entity619 , eight on placebo). Poor @entity1 accrual terminated both studies. Numbers are too small to allow a combination of studies or formal statistical analysis. We are unable to make any conclusion as to the effectiveness of @entity619 in the palliation of @entity29 .

title: Pitfalls in placebo-controlled trials in palliative care: XXXX for the palliation of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bowel disease']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']