abstract: AIM: Application of immunotherapy to a @entity1 with untreatable @entity157 . CASE REPORT: The @entity1 had a @entity5 of 60 mm in the liver. The pathological anatomic diagnosis was @entity652 . However, after surgery of the @entity5 seven new lesions arose, showing that the original @entity5 had been a @entity157 . In addition, when hepatocellular adenomas grow to a size of more than 6-8 cm, they are considered cancerous and thus become a risk for @entity157 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity1199 , Bacillus Calmette Guerin, and @entity2493 . RESULTS: During treatment, the @entity160 levels in blood fell from 5,000 IU/ml to zero, at which level it remained during the follow-up period of two years. No @entity5 was detectable on MRI and CT. Six years after the diagnosis of untreatable @entity157 , the @entity1 remains in a @entity558 . CONCLUSION: In this case, combined immunomodulating therapy was effective. For @entity1 with metastasized @entity5 of the liver who are not suitable for conventional therapy, immunomodulation may delay @entity5 progression, induce @entity5 regression, or even be curative in some @entity1 . Immunotherapeutic approaches combined with conventional methods for @entity157 treatment may be able to improve therapeutic efficacy.

title: Therapeutic response of untreatable @entity157 after application of the immune modulators @entity1199 , BCG and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A single-center retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To identify the relevant incidence and risk factors of delayed @entity891 and progressive @entity1513 with spinal canal encroachment after percutaneous vertebroplasty ( @entity12468 ) for @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Delayed @entity891 and progressive @entity1513 with spinal canal encroachment are complications after @entity12468 for @entity3814 . METHODS: Between December 2002 and February 2011, 843 @entity1 underwent @entity12468 for VCFs for at least 2 years of minimum follow-up term in a tertiary referral center. All imaging measurements were obtained digitally, with comparisons of the Cobb angle and spinal canal stenosis on fractured vertebral level at 3 different time points of pre- and postvertebroplasty, and before revision surgery. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (14 @entity174 ) who underwent @entity12468 had delayed @entity891 and progressive @entity1513 on the level of the @entity174 , 3 were male and 10 female, with a median age of 75 years (range, 66-89 yr). One had 2-level VCFs. All were treated with revision surgery of decompressive laminectomy for spinal canal stenosis with @entity16 . Twelve @entity1 had additional instrument fixation. The involved vertebras were concentrated at the thoracolumbar junction region (T11-L2). The mean Cobb angles were measured at 23.67   before @entity12468 , 15.90   after @entity12468 , and 30.92   before revision surgery. The ratio of spinal canal stenosis was 35.45% and 49.48% before @entity12468 and revision surgery, respectively. The occurrence rate of delayed complications was about 1.5% (13/843). CONCLUSION: Conservative treatment and minimal invasive vertebral augmentation surgery can be selected from @entity1 with stable VCFs. Close follow-up is warrant to monitor the occurrence of late collapse with @entity16 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: Progressive XXXX after @entity3814 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractured vertebra']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['VCF', 'vertebral compression fracture']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral collapse']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['kyphosis']


abstract: Low molecular weight hyaluronate (LMW-HA) blocks interactions between T lymphocyte @entity3802 and @entity17540 (HA), a heteropolysaccharide that is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and ubiquitously in the extracellular matrix. This study was undertaken to assess the ability of LMW-HA to modify the course of experimental acute renal allograft rejection. Lewis (LEW) @entity35 were bilaterally nephrectomized and received an orthotopic, fully MHC-mismatched, @entity35 -Furth (WF) kidney transplant. Animals received either no treatment, low doses of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) on days 0 to 5, LMW-HA on days 0 to 5, or @entity870 plus LMW-HA on days 0 to 5 after transplantation. With no treatment, @entity870 monotherapy, or HA monotherapy, animals rejected their allografts at a median of 15, 13, and 7.5 d, respectively (P = NS). In contrast, combined @entity870 plus LMW-HA therapy prevented acute rejection and significantly prolonged graft survival (P = 0.008) to a median of 49.0 d. @entity870 /LMW-HA-treated grafts also demonstrated better preservation of renal function at day 30 (serum @entity1011 level, 1.38+/-0.8 mg/dl), compared with surviving animals treated with @entity870 alone (2.9+/-0.55 mg/dl, P<0.05). Histologic graft analysis of @entity870 /LMW-HA-treated animals at day 7 after transplantation showed minimal rejection and leukocyte infiltration, compared with all other groups. Intragraft gene expression analysis, using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, at the same time point showed reductions of @entity11264 , CD8, and @entity3692 transcript levels in the combined-treatment group. This is the first study demonstrating the immunomodulatory functions of LMW-HA in vivo in the setting of organ transplantation. Defining the exact mechanisms that underlie this immunomodulation may provide the rationale to develop novel strategies for use in clinical transplantation.

title: Immunomodulatory functions of low-molecular weight hyaluronate in an acute XXXX renal allograft rejection model.

entities_list: @entity17540 :: ('CHEBI:16336', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronate']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: According to literature data Atracurium besylate is a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant akin to the "ideal", insofar as it is governed by the "dose-relaxation time" principle. To secure normal clinical effect, doses in the range 0.4-0.5 mg/kg body mass are recommended, with the maximal manifestation of @entity4094 occurring within 4.6-7.7 min, and lasting for 35.1 to 39.2 minutes. Maintenance dose: 0.05-0.1 mg/kg body mass. Special emphasis is laid on the fact that at normal temperature and pH the dose/relaxation time ratio is strictly fixed which in turn renders relaxation readily controllable. For the purpose a special table is submitted by the producers (Wellcome Company). As it is well known Atracurium splitting runs a course by the so-called Hoffmann reaction, requiring normal pH and temperature. Atracurium is administered to ten @entity177 @entity1 in the course of kidney transplantation, abiding to all requirements and doses recommended by the company. A significant @entity121 with virtually twice as long duration (35-101 min) is noted, attributable to the presence of @entity520 ("0.605), interfering with the normal course of the Hoffmann reaction for Atracurium disintegration. In the genesis of the phenomena observed any central mechanisms, e.g. hyperventilation, overdosage of the anesthetic, @entity2332 and the like, are ruled out. In @entity1 with @entity520 it is advised to handle the muscle relaxant with greater caution.

title: [The use of atracurium besylate (Tracrium) in XXXX undergoing kidney transplantation].

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity791 -related @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ) has a better prognosis than other presentations of @entity791 . It is more frequent among homo-bisexual @entity1 than in other risk groups. This has raised the possibility of specific etiological agent(s) or co-factor(s) which induce its development. However, this suggestion is confusing since it implies that exposure to such agent(s) or co-factor(s) would result in an improved prognosis. Recent virological studies indicate that the @entity645 itself could be responsible for the induction or growth of @entity2826 . Since HIV antigenemia and the immunosuppression are lower among @entity2826 cases than among those with @entity1292 ( @entity1292 ), we could expect a lower level of exposure to @entity791 -related factors in @entity2826 cases as compared to @entity1292 cases. To investigate this possibility, we compared 25 cases with @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ) with 25 cases having @entity1292 without @entity2826 , among homo-bisexual @entity1 . The @entity2826 cases were more likely than @entity1292 cases to have a higher educational level. They were less likely to have inhaled @entity2648 , to have had repeated syphilis and repeated gonorrhoea, and to be promiscuous. In the multivariate analysis, the factors which best discriminated the groups were @entity3542 inhalations, history of repeated syphilis, and anonymous promiscuity ("one-night stands"). Our study does not support the hypothesized association between @entity3542 inhalations and @entity2826 . We found that cases with @entity1292 - that is, with a poor prognosis - had been exposed to @entity791 -related risk factors (e.g. history of @entity2953 , @entity3542 inhalations, promiscuity) at higher levels than cases with @entity2826 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Possible correlation between exposure to @entity791 risk factors, clinical presentation in XXXX , and subsequent prognosis.

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", "Kaposi's sarcoma alone", 'KS']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['venereal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections', 'OI']

entities_list: @entity2648 :: ('MESH:D009573', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrites']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of treatment with @entity2929 on the resolution of symptoms among adults with @entity7551 not caused by group A streptococcus (GAS). DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Ambulatory setting (hospital-based general internal medicine practices, walk-in clinic, employee health service, and university health service). @entity1 : One hundred and eighty-six adults who met eligibility criteria and whose chief complaint included sore throat. @entity1 with positive cultures for GAS were excluded. INTERVENTION: Ninety-three @entity1 received @entity2929 (333 mg three times daily for 10 days) and 93 control @entity1 received placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Major outcome measurements included time to improvement in sore throat, time to improvement in cough, time to improvement in activity level, and subjective sense of well-being. The average age of the @entity1 studied was 26.6 years; 35% were @entity1 . @entity1 given @entity2929 had more rapid resolution of sore throat symptoms (hazard ratio 1.43: 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00, 2.03: p = .049). Cough also resolved more rapidly in @entity1 receiving @entity2929 (hazard ratio 2.22: 95% CI 1.01, 4.88: p = .05). There were no differences between the two treatment groups in improvement of activity level or how sick @entity1 felt in general. Most of the benefit in resolution of sore throat was conferred on @entity1 who sought medical care within 2 days of onset. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the benefit of @entity2929 treatment for @entity1 with non-GAS @entity7551 is small and of borderline statistical significance. Because of the small size of the effect and because widespread use of @entity2929 could promote drug resistance, we do not recommend routine use of @entity2929 in adult @entity1 with this type of @entity7551 .

title: The effect of XXXX on resolution of symptoms among adults with @entity7551 not caused by group A streptococcus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

answer: @entity2929 :: (MESH:D004917,Chemical) :: ['erythromycin']


abstract: Tissues of 45 @entity5 and paraaortic lymph nodes from the same @entity1 were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction with L1 consensus primers and hybridization with type-specific oligomer probes of HPV-6, -11, -16, -18, -31, -33, -35, and -45 for the detection and classification of subtypes of @entity1082 ). The clinicohistologic findings of surgical specimens from radical hysterectomy were compared with the results of HPV detection to use as a possible prognostic marker for the early detection of paraaortic nodes involvement. @entity3 to paraaortic nodes in @entity5 , suggesting extrapelvic involvement of @entity5 , is clinically important to predict prognosis. The @entity1799 DNA was most prevalent in @entity5 (76%; 34/45). @entity5 were positive for HPV-18, two @entity5 each were positive for HPV-31 or -33, one @entity5 was hybridized to HPV-45, and one @entity1 had an unidentified type of HPV. No HPV was detected in three cases of @entity5 . The histologic types of the @entity5 were correlated with the HPV types. Of the 39 tissue specimens of @entity957 analyzed, only 2 (5%) showed HPV-18, in contrast to 30 (77%) of 39 @entity957 having @entity1799 . Of the 5 cases of @entity420 , 3 (50%) showed HPV-18, and 3 (50%) showed @entity1799 . HPV DNAs were detected in histologically negative paraaortic lymph nodes (31%; 14/45): the HPV-positive PCR products from paraaortic nodes were only hybridized to @entity1799 . The nature of the relationship between the presence of HPV DNA and node @entity5 involvement is still not known. @entity1799 DNA in paraaortic nodes may suggest subclinical early metastasis or @entity5 cells destroyed by immune cells and may provide important information in decisions regarding postoperative adjuvant treatment. The prognostic significance of HPV DNA in histologically negative paraaortic lymph nodes remains to be established after several years of follow-up.

title: XXXX detection in cervical carcinoma tissues and paraaortic lymph nodes by the polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Five tumors', 'cervical cancer', 'cervical cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']


abstract: The concurrent release of endogenous @entity1617 and @entity1246 from the retina (in the presence of @entity2607 ) was measured using either an eye-cup preparation in @entity95 anaesthetized with @entity4774 or isolated @entity95 retinas. There was a spontaneous resting release of @entity1617 and @entity1246 from the dark adapted retina of ca 5 and 160 pmol min-1 respectively. Stimulation of the initially dark adapted retina in vivo with flickering light (0.1-20 Hz) increased the release of @entity1617 by up to 5 times the spontaneous resting release but did not cause a detectable increase in @entity1246 release. The maximum light-evoked release of @entity1617 was about 24 pmol min-1/retina and occurred at a frequency of 10 Hz. However, the maximum release of @entity1617 per flash occurred at 0.1 Hz at which frequency the average @entity1617 release per flash from one amacrine cell was ca 2.35 x 10(-18) mol. Exposure of the retina to the potent inhibitors of @entity1246 uptake, @entity48745 and @entity53509 markedly reduced the resting release of @entity1617 and abolished the light-evoked release of @entity1617 but did not enable a light-evoked release of @entity1246 to be detected. @entity1027 blocked the inhibitory actions of both @entity48745 and SKF100330A on @entity1617 release but the combination of @entity1027 and uptake inhibitor did not result in a light-evoked release of @entity1246 . In contrast, @entity4338 (20 mM) applied locally to the retina in vivo resulted in the release of both @entity1617 and @entity1246 (61 and 2.6-fold respectively). KCl (20 mM) also evoked large increases in @entity1617 and @entity1246 release from isolated @entity95 retinas in room light (13.5 and 3.4-fold respectively). The K-evoked release of @entity1617 and @entity1246 from the @entity95 retina both in vivo and in vitro was @entity460 dependent. These experiments are the first in which endogenous @entity1617 and @entity1246 release from the retina have been simultaneously measured and suggest that the release mechanisms for these transmitters are fundamentally similar.

title: XXXX dependent release of acetylcholine and @entity1246 from the @entity95 retina.

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline', 'Bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity28181 is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor @entity669 kinases, including @entity470 ( @entity470 ), vascular @entity470 2, @entity1722 and @entity25335 ( @entity25335 ). We undertook an open-label, multi-institutional Phase II study to investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity28181 in treatment-naive @entity1149 @entity1 clinically enriched for the presence of @entity470 mutations. METHODS: Eligibility included @entity1 with advanced-stage treatment-naive @entity2220 with a known sensitizing mutation of @entity470 or @entity1 with at least one of the following criteria: being Asian, female, or having minimal or no smoking history. Two dosing schedules were evaluated; in the "intermittent 5 _ 9 dosing" cohort, @entity28181 350 mg for 5 days every 14 days was given; and in the "daily dosing" cohort, @entity28181 300 mg daily for 28 days was administered. Tumor @entity470 mutation status was determined on available tissue. The primary end point was confirmed objective response rate. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 were treated on the intermittent 5 _ 9 dosing- and 14 on the daily-dosing schedule. The majority of @entity1 were eligible on the basis of smoking history. The response rate and progression-free survival for the two schedules combined were 20% and 5.3 months (90% confidence interval, 3.7-6.7), respectively. Thirty-eight @entity1 (69%) had material available for mutation testing and 14 @entity470 -sensitizing mutations were detected. The response rate and progression-free survival for @entity470 -mutation-positive @entity1 were 57% (8/14) and 9.3 months (90% confidence interval, 5.5-11.7). The @entity137 were comparable between the two schedules; the most common adverse effects being @entity294 , @entity390 , and @entity1295 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity28181 administered on an intermittent or daily-dosing schedule demonstrated antitumor activity in @entity1 with @entity470 -activating mutations. The adverse-event profile was similar for the two dosing schedules.

title: Phase II study of the multitargeted @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity28181 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity25335 :: ('2050', 'Gene') :: ['EphB4', 'Ephrin type-B receptor 4']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current cardioplegic protection techniques used in pediatric cardiac surgery do not take into consideration age and cyanotic differences. The aim of the present work was to address this question by monitoring clinical outcome, myocardial metabolism, and @entity5721 in pediatric @entity1 protected by cold-crystalloid cardioplegia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 (31 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 ) with or without @entity519 stress ( @entity848 ) undergoing open heart surgery with cold-crystalloid cardioplegia were included in the study. Clinical outcome measures assessed included inotropic and ventilatory support, intensive care, and hospital stay. @entity63 -induced changes in metabolism ( @entity3211 , @entity3042 , @entity880 , and @entity1522 ) were determined in ventricular biopsies collected at the beginning and end of @entity63 time (cross-clamp time). Reperfusion injury was assessed by measuring postoperative serial release of troponin I. Evidence was observed of @entity63 stress during @entity1167 in @entity1 and @entity1 as shown by significant changes in cellular metabolites. Compared with @entity1 , @entity1 had significantly less @entity5721 and better clinical outcome, and these factors were related to duration of @entity63 time. Cyanosis did not influence outcome in @entity1 , but cyanotic @entity1 showed worse @entity5721 and clinical outcome than acyanotic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Extent of myocardial protection with cold-crystalloid cardioplegia in pediatric open heart surgery is dependent on age and degree of @entity848 .

title: Age-dependent and XXXX -related differences in myocardial protection during pediatric open heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3211 :: ('MESH:D000227', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Important physiological changes occur after major abdominal surgery. Cellular and morphological changes follow a period of @entity3147 . Enteral feeding is an important strategy for maintaining gut integrity and function. Controversies remain on the use of feeding jejunostomy after major abdominal surgery and its use had not gained widespread acceptance. The records of 262 consecutive @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy for @entity5 were reviewed retrospectively to assess whether the placement of a needle catheter jejunostomy (NCJ) at the time of surgery is a safe and useful procedure. All the @entity1 had a 9 Fr. NCJ place in a standardized fashion at the time of the esophagectomy. The technique of placement, the utilisation, and the complications of the NCJ were examined. The enteral nutrition was started in the first post-operative day. Sixty-three percent of our @entity1 required enteral nutrition for 10 or more days. In 19%, this requirement was prolonged for more then 20 days, upto 68 days. The complications related to NCJ were four (1.5%). The use of the NCJ as described is safe, with an extremely low rate of complications. It may provide adequate nutritional support for a prolonged period of time at low costs. Its routine use in @entity1 undergoing esophagectomy is recommended.

title: Needle catheter jejunostomy at esophagectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) has usually an excellent prognosis even when no specific therapy is given. We studied, in 1996, the outcome of 87 @entity1 with @entity3039 observed between 1973 and 1995. @entity1 AND METHODS: These 87 cases represented all the @entity882 observed during 23 years in the same pediatric unit not specialized in hematology. The outcome of these @entity1 was investigated in 1996 by phone or writing to the @entity1 themselves or to their physician. Adequate information was obtained for 63 @entity1 (72.4%). RESULTS: Two @entity1779 were observed, one was lethal while the other, observed after several years of course, healed completely. All these @entity1 became free from clinical signs but 11 were not cured in 1996. None of these 63 @entity1 had developed @entity792 . One @entity1 died in a traffic accident, his @entity882 had been cured. CONCLUSION: In spite of two @entity1779 , @entity3039 remains in the great majority of cases a benign disease not requiring grave therapeutic decisions.

title: [ XXXX : long-term outcome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'ITP']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhages']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: PURPOSE: Forty-one months after we performed bilateral implantation of in vitro endothelialized femoropopliteal bypass grafts in a 69-year-old @entity1 , we obtained a central graft segment for histologic and ultrastructural investigation. METHODS: Before implantation the grafts were confluently lined with autologous first passage mass cultures of pure cephalic vein endothelial cells. The precoating of the expanded @entity736 prosthesis was done with fibrinolytically inhibited fibrin glue. Reoperation became necessary because of symptomatic unilateral @entity731 located in the center of one of the two in vitro lined grafts. A 21 cm long graft segment was removed and replaced by a new in vitro endothelialized expanded @entity736 graft. RESULTS: On scanning electron microscopy a confluently covering mature endothelium was found throughout the whole length of the removed prosthesis. The endothelial identity was confirmed by a positive immunohistochemical @entity2280 , @entity2880 factor-staining, and the ultrastructural demonstration of Weibel Pallade bodies. The endothelium rested on a collagen IV positive basement membrane. Histologic cross sections revealed uniformly developed subintimal tissue of 1.21 +/- 0.19 mm thickness, which was separated from the intima by a distinct internal elastic membrane. The cells of this cell-rich matrix stained strongly positive for actin. Ultrastructurally, this matrix was dominated by highly contractile myofibroblasts loaded with peripherally located well-developed actin fillaments. A number of these cells also showed signs of secretory cells with a distinct endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi complex. In areas of @entity731 the subendothelial matrix was partially exposed, and the internal elastic membrane had to a certain extent disintegrated. Only in these areas KP-1 and MG-M1 positive foamy macrophages and @entity2280 positive capillaries were found. The myofibroblasts of this diseased part of the subintimal tissue contained large lipid vacuoles. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the confluent in vitro lining of synthetic vascular grafts with pure autologous endothelial cells facilitates graft healing, which may result in a hybrid structure with features of a native vessel.

title: In vitro endothelialization of expanded XXXX grafts: a clinical case report after 41 months of implantation.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most serious DNA damage which, if unrepaired or misrepaired, may lead to cell death, genomic instability or @entity5 transformation. In @entity1 cells they can be repaired mainly by non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ). The efficacy of NHEJ pathway was examined in normal @entity1 lymphocytes and K562 myeloid @entity1778 cells expressing the @entity1864 oncogenic @entity669 kinase activity and lacking @entity876 @entity5 suppressor protein. In our studies we employed a simple and rapid in vitro DSB end joining assay based on fluorescent detection of repair products. Normal and @entity5 cells were able to repair DNA damage caused by restriction endonucleases, but the efficiency of the end joining was dependent on the type of cells and the structure of DNA ends. K562 cells displayed decreased NHEJ activity in comparison to normal cells for 5' complementary DNA overhang. For blunt-ended DNA there was no significant difference in end joining activity. Both kinds of cells were found about 10-fold more efficient for joining DNA substrates with compatible 5' overhangs than those with blunt ends. Our recent findings have shown that stimulation of DNA repair could be involved in the drug resistance of @entity1864 -positive cells in anticancer therapy. For the first time the role of @entity2213 was investigated, a specific inhibitor of @entity1864 oncogenic protein approved for @entity1778 treatment in the NHEJ pathway. Surprisingly, @entity2213 did not change the response of @entity1864 -positive K562 cells in terms of NHEJ for both @entity454 . Our results suggest that the various responses of the cells to DNA damage via NHEJ can be correlated with the differences in the genetic constitution of @entity1 normal and @entity5 cells. However, the role of NHEJ in anticancer drug resistance in @entity1864 -positive cells is questionable.

title: Non-homologous DNA end joining repair in normal and XXXX cells depends on the substrate ends.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['complementary and blunt ends']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemic']


abstract: Moderate to severe @entity6926 is associated with @entity174 in childhood. There are no published data regarding the effects of third-generation @entity171 in these @entity1 . This randomized study investigated which of three different doses of @entity562 was most effective in reducing @entity174 incidence. We randomly assigned 53 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity6926 to receive 0.2, 1, or 2 mg/kg per week of @entity562 . We assessed safety, @entity174 incidence, and bone measurement outcomes at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. At 24 months, 69% of @entity1 assigned 0.2 mg/kg per week had had new @entity174 compared with 44% receiving 1 mg/kg per week and 75% receiving 2 mg/kg per week. Poisson regression with age and prior @entity174 as covariates showed that there was no difference in incident nonvertebral @entity174 between groups. @entity174 rate diminished in each group during the trial compared with previous the 2 years (p = .005). Lumbar spine bone mineral density increased significantly (p = .009) only in the 2 mg/kg per week group. @entity79 reduced more in @entity1 receiving 1 or 2 mg/kg per week of @entity562 [odds ratio (OR) 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48-0.93 per unit increase in @entity562 dose, p = .015]. There were no serious adverse events. Bone mass @entity85 reduced with increasing @entity562 dose. @entity1 suffered fewer @entity174 irrespective of @entity562 dose. The most appropriate dose of @entity562 for @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity6926 in this study was 2 mg/kg per week.

title: A randomized, controlled dose-ranging study of @entity562 in @entity1 with moderate and severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'multiple fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Long bone bowing deformities']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['increased and bowing deformities']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define characteristic MRI findings in the spine of @entity1 with @entity1691 (SpA) and provide a definition of a positive spinal MRI for @entity32 and structural changes. METHODS: Technical details of spinal MRI and the description of spinal lesions of both @entity32 and structural changes were discussed in consecutive meetings of 10 experts of the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS). The discussions aimed at a broad consensus on definitions of 'a positive spinal MRI' for both types of lesions and were backed up by a systematic literature search. RESULTS: A total of six different types of lesions were described for @entity32 , @entity1512 , @entity625 of @entity2720 , @entity625 of @entity2720 of spinal ligaments--and another four for structural changes--fatty deposition, @entity2681 , syndesmophytes and @entity3947 . In the literature review, four relevant papers were identified. Anterior/posterior @entity1511 and fat depositions at vertebral edges were considered as the most typical findings in SpA. Based on expert consensus and taking the literature review into consideration, a positive spinal MRI for @entity32 was defined as the presence of anterior/posterior @entity1511 in >= 3 sites. Evidence of fatty deposition at several vertebral corners was found to be suggestive of axial SpA, especially in younger adults. ASAS members (n=56) approved these definitions by voting in January 2010. CONCLUSIONS: This consensus statement gives clear descriptions of disease-related spinal lesions and of definitions of a positive spinal MRI for inflammatory lesions ( @entity1511 ) and structural changes (fat deposition). These definitions can be used to describe findings of spinal MRI in @entity1 with SpA in daily practice and clinical studies.

title: Descriptions of spinal MRI lesions and definition of a positive MRI of the spine in XXXX : a consensual approach by the ASAS/OMERACT MRI study group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation--anterior/posterior spondylitis', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['zygoapophyseal joints and enthesitis', 'costovertebral joints']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['axial spondyloarthritis']


abstract: A group of 5 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 walked on a treadmill, each carrying a weight in the right hand. In separate experiments, the mass was varied to give total exhaustion within 3 min, 5 min, 9 min, and 13 min. In additional experiments 50% and 25% of the masses leading to exhaustion after 5 min were used, and these were stopped after 16 min. Heart rate (fc) and systolic blood pressure (BPs) were measured noninvasively. There was a consistent increase in fc x BPs during the experiments leading to exhaustion, while steady-states were obtained in the nonexhausting trials. An electromyogram (EMG) was recorded with cutaneous electrodes over the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis muscles and the number of zero crossings (ZC) of the EMG signal per time unit were analysed. As the subjects approached exhaustion, the number of ZC declined exponentially, reaching approximately 50% of their initial values. In the nonexhausting experiments, however, the decline was slower and less marked, and during the second half of the experiment the number of ZC increased again. Subjectively, endurance was underestimated by all the subjects. It was concluded that cardiovascular and muscle criteria of @entity1295 in carrying coincided. Prolonged carrying in one hand of more than 6 kg or 10 kg for young healthy @entity1 and @entity1 respectively should not be recommended, since it could lead to cardiovascular non steady-states and EMG signs of @entity1295 .

title: One-handed load carrying--cardiovascular, muscular and subjective indices of endurance and XXXX .

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic delay and its determinants among @entity5 @entity1 in Tehran, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted between September 2004 and September 2006 in three university hospitals, and included 100 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity957 (international classification of disease, @entity1479 -10 sites C01 to C06). Data were obtained through questionnaire interviews and medical records of the @entity1 were reviewed to obtain information on the date of diagnosis, primary @entity5 site and the stage of the @entity5 at the time of diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed by t test, ANOVA and logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean diagnostic delay was 7.2 months (SD 7.5, range 1 to 36 and median 4). The most important determinants of longer diagnostic delay were being single (OR = 4.8; 95% CI = 1.5 to 14.8; P < 0.05) and being at advanced @entity5 stages (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 1.8 to 15.6; P < 0.01). The mean @entity1 and professional delays were 5.3 months (SD 6.1 and median 2) and 2.1 months (SD 2.1 and median 1), respectively. @entity1 at advanced @entity5 stages were more likely to have longer @entity1 and professional delays than those at early stages (OR = 5.6; 95% CI = 1.8 to 17.3 and OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.2 to 9.4, respectively; P < 0.05). Living alone was also a determinant of longer @entity1 and professional delays (OR = 7.1; 95% CI = 2.0 to 24.7, OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.2 to 10.3, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Developing preventive programmes that focus on the enhancement of public and professional awareness about @entity5 is essential to promote earlier diagnosis in Iran.

title: Delayed diagnosis of XXXX in Iran: challenge for prevention.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity302 were treated with @entity2683 as an additional antiepileptic drug. As the initial responses, @entity410 were decreased by 50% or more in 7 (46.7%) of 15 @entity1 with @entity302 ( @entity302 ), in none of 7 with @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ), and in 1 of 2 with undetermined @entity302 . @entity410 increased in 3 @entity1 (20.0%) with @entity302 , and in 3 (42.9%) with @entity6191 . Concerning @entity410 types, @entity2683 had significant effects on 1 of 2 @entity1 with simple partial @entity410 , on 7 of 13 with complex partial @entity410 , on 1 of 5 with secondarily generalized @entity410 , and on 1 of 8 with @entity410 . No @entity1 with a @entity410 or atypical absence improved. Exacerbation of the @entity410 was observed in 2 of 13 @entity1 with complex partial @entity410 , in 1 of 5 with secondarily generalized @entity410 , in 3 of 8 with @entity410 , and in 2 of 3 with @entity410 . Partial @entity410 were controlled well, whereas generalized @entity410 sometimes worsened. EEG improved in 3 @entity1 with @entity302 ; decrease of focal spikes in 2 @entity1 and disappearance of secondary generalization in 1. Follow-up for more than 3 months showed @entity410 to be lessened in 2 @entity1 . @entity2683 is useful for the treatment of @entity302 , especially @entity302 .

title: [Clinical applications and the effect of @entity2683 on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'tonic seizures', 'Seizures', 'seizures', 'myoclonic seizure', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine', 'Mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic partial epilepsy', 'refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'refractory epilepsies', 'SPE']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['SGE', 'symptomatic generalized epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsies']


abstract: A three-arm prospective randomized trial was designed to compare the effectiveness of single drug therapy with @entity31838 (IC), two-drug therapy with @entity5505 - @entity2176 (CV), and three-drug therapy with @entity4967 - @entity2176 - @entity4509 ( @entity29898 ) for the empirical antimicrobial treatment of @entity1398 events. The objectives of the study were to determine whether IC monotherapy was as effective as combination drug therapy (CV or @entity29898 ) and to assess the value of adding @entity2176 at initiation of treatment. One hundred eighty-three @entity1398 events were randomized and 125 were evaluable. Success rates were 73% with IC, 67% with CV, and 72% with @entity29898 . There were no statistically significant differences between the three treatment groups, regardless of the duration and severity of @entity1398 . Fifty-four bacterial isolates were recovered from 43 @entity1 . Among recovered bacterial strains, 55% were Gram-negative and 45% were Gram-positive. Rates of bacteriologically documented failures (14/33) and superinfections (3/33) were similar in the three groups. Adverse events were rare but two @entity1 given CV and three given @entity29898 developed severe @entity137 requiring modification of the antimicrobial regimen. IC alone showed similar effectiveness and less @entity137 , as compared with CV or @entity29898 . @entity2176 given initially increased @entity137 but failed to improve the success rate. @entity2176 may be appropriate only in @entity1 at high risk for @entity281 with @entity3256 -resistant staphylococci.

title: [Evaluation of three types of empirical antibiotherapy in @entity1 with XXXX : @entity31838 versus @entity5505 - @entity2176 versus @entity4967 - @entity4509 - @entity2176 ].

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity31838 :: ('MESH:C044650', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenemcilastatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['febrile neutropenia']


abstract: A cell's reaction to @entity1457 is one of the most conserved responses among evolutionary diverse species. Although selected features of the response may vary between organisms, the synthesis of @entity1457 proteins is universal. The induction of hsps is rapid and occurs immediately following exposure to only a few degrees above normal physiological temperature. The array of assigned functions as well as those hypothesized for @entity1457 proteins imply that hsps are designed to render cells capable of coping with a variety of physiological stresses, including heat and oxidative injury. Interestingly, the gene for the @entity2285 is located between the complement and @entity5 necrosis factor genes within the class III region of the @entity1 major histocompatibility complex on the short arm of chromosome 6. @entity2285 proteins have been linked with a protective role during stress and as unfoldase(s) in protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Moreover, @entity1879 analogs are often presented as antigens in @entity2348 . The mapping of @entity2285 in the MHC region may have significant implications with regard to immune mediated diseases. Moreover, the relationship of hsps to immunity and @entity5 represents the beginning of a major link of the role of hsps in @entity1 pathology. Finally, with its pleiotropic roles in essential cellular physiology and immune function, we predict that future experiments will define a relationship between hsps and @entity566 .

title: The immunobiology of XXXX proteins.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or protozoal infections']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to examine the feasibility, effectiveness, and adverse effect profile of intranasal @entity3652 for @entity1337 in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study examining a convenience sample of @entity1 aged older than 6  years experiencing moderate or severe @entity158 , defined as a visual analog scale (VAS) score of 50  mm or greater. @entity1 received 0.5 to 0.75  mg/kg intranasal @entity3652 . @entity158 scores were recorded on a standard 100-mm VAS by trained investigators at baseline, then every 5  minutes for 30  minutes, and then every 10  minutes for an additional 30  minutes. The primary outcome was the number and proportion of @entity1 experiencing clinically significant reductions in VAS @entity158 scores, defined as VAS reductions of 13  mm or more, within 30  minutes. Secondary outcomes included the median reduction in VAS, the median time required to achieve a 13  mm reduction in VAS, vital sign changes, and adverse events. Continuous data are reported with medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs). The Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used to assess changes in VAS scores. Adverse effects are reported with proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Forty @entity1 were enrolled with a median age of 47  years (IQR  = 36 to 57  years; range  = 11 to 79  years) for primarily orthopedic injuries. A reduction in VAS of 13  mm or more within 30  minutes was achieved in 35 @entity1 (88%). The median change in VAS at 30  minutes was 34  mm (44%). Median time required to achieve a 13  mm VAS reduction was 9.5  minutes (IQR  = 5 to 13  minutes; range  = 5 to 25  minutes). No serious adverse effects occurred. Minor adverse effects included dizziness (21 @entity1 , 53%; 95% CI  =  38% to 67%), feeling of unreality (14 @entity1 , 35%; 95% CI  =  22% to 50%), @entity390 (four @entity1 , 10%; 95% CI  =  4% to 23%), mood change (three @entity1 , 8%; 95% CI  =  3% to 20%), and changes in hearing (one @entity1 , 3%; 95% CI  =  0% to 13%). All adverse effects were transient and none required intervention. There were no changes in vital signs requiring clinical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal @entity3652 reduced VAS @entity158 scores to a clinically significant degree in 88% of @entity341 @entity1 in this series. Adverse effects were minor and transient. Intranasal @entity3652 may have a role in the provision of effective, expeditious @entity1337 to @entity341 @entity1 .

title: Intranasal @entity3652 for XXXX in the @entity341 : a prospective observational series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) is a relatively simple and safe method of providing access for enteral feeding. The procedure is usually performed in hospitalized @entity1 . The feasibility of @entity970 as an outpatient procedure has not been well estabilished in the medical literature. The main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of @entity970 as an outpatient procedure in a selected group of @entity135 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, @entity135 subjects in good clinical condition were selected and enrolled in a close follow-up protocol of outpatient @entity970 . The clinical and demographic variables evaluated were age, gender, early complications, and timing of @entity970 . RESULTS: Of a total of 136 @entity970 @entity1 , 129 (94.8%) were discharged 3 h after the procedure. Three were excluded from the study and four were hospitalized because of moderate @entity490 . The rate of minor complications was 17.6% ( @entity158 , 7.4%; wound @entity281 , 6.6%; @entity490 , 2.9%; @entity1410 , 0.7%). Major complications occurred in 2.2% of the procedures ( @entity751 , 1.5%; early tube displacement, 0.7%). There was no mortality. CONCLUSION: Ambulatory placement of @entity5274 is viable and safe in @entity135 @entity1 in good clinical condition. The early complication rates are similar to those described for hospitalized @entity1 . Unnecessary admissions are avoided and costs of hospitalization are reduced.

title: Outpatient percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in selected XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['buried bumper syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Caloric restriction (CR) increases healthy life span in a range of organisms. The underlying mechanisms are not understood but appear to include changes in gene expression, protein function, and metabolism. Recent studies demonstrate that acute CR alters mortality rates within days in flies. Multitissue transcriptional changes and concomitant metabolic responses to acute CR have not been described. We generated whole genome RNA transcript profiles in liver, skeletal muscle, colon, and @entity2339 and simultaneously measured plasma metabolites using proton nuclear magnetic resonance in @entity19 subjected to acute CR. Liver and muscle showed increased gene expressions associated with @entity844 metabolism and a reduction in those involved in hepatic lipid biosynthesis. Glucogenic @entity1522 increased in plasma, and gene expression for hepatic gluconeogenesis was enhanced. Increased expression of genes for hormone-mediated signaling and decreased expression of genes involved in protein binding and development occurred in @entity2339 . Cell proliferation genes were decreased and cellular transport genes increased in colon. Acute CR captured many, but not all, hepatic transcriptional changes of long-term CR. Our findings demonstrate a clear transcriptional response across multiple tissues during acute CR, with congruent plasma metabolite changes. Liver and muscle switched gene expression away from energetically expensive biosynthetic processes toward energy conservation and utilization processes, including @entity844 metabolism and gluconeogenesis. Both muscle and colon switched gene expression away from cellular proliferation. @entity19 undergoing acute CR rapidly adopt many transcriptional and metabolic changes of long-term CR, suggesting that the beneficial effects of CR may require only a short-term reduction in caloric intake.

title: Coordinated multitissue transcriptional and plasma metabonomic profiles following acute caloric restriction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of particulate dentin-plaster of Paris with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on bone healing and new bone formation around @entity702 dental implants in a @entity235 model. Histologic sections and histomorphometric analysis of the defects were obtained at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three circular @entity79 were surgically prepared in iliac crest sites in each of 10 animals. A total of 30 Avana dental implants were placed in the animals. They were self-tapping, screw-type implants, 10 mm in length and 4 mm in diameter, all made of commercially pure @entity702 . A @entity702 implant was placed centrally in each defect. In each @entity235 , the defects were treated with 1 of the following 3 treatment modalities: (1) no treatment (control); (2) grafting with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris; (3) grafting with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris and PRP. RESULTS: Histologic analysis showed that all of the @entity79 surrounding the implants that were treated with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris, with and without PRP, were filled with new bone. The defects that were not treated (control) demonstrated new bone formation only in the inferior threaded portion of the implants. DISCUSSION: Histomorphometric results revealed a higher percentage of bone contact with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris and PRP compared to the control and particulate dentin-plaster of Paris. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that @entity79 around @entity702 implants can be treated successfully with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris, and that the outcome can be improved if PRP is also used.

title: Use of particulate dentin-plaster of Paris combination with/without platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of XXXX around implants.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Management of @entity6 is frequently suboptimal in primary care settings, where providers often fail to intensify therapy when @entity413 levels are high, a problem known as clinical inertia. We asked whether interventions targeting clinical inertia can improve outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A controlled trial over a 3-year period was conducted in a municipal hospital primary care clinic in a large academic medical center. We studied all @entity1 (4,138) with type 2 @entity6 who were seen in continuity clinics by 345 internal medicine residents and were randomized to be control subjects or to receive one of three interventions. Instead of consultative advice, the interventions were hard copy computerized reminders that provided @entity1 -specific recommendations for management at the time of each @entity1 's visit, individual face-to-face feedback on performance for 5 min every 2 weeks, or both. RESULTS: Over an average @entity1 follow-up of 15 months within the intervention site, improvements in and final HbA1c ( @entity3916 ) with feedback + reminders (deltaA1C 0.6%, final @entity3916 7.46%) were significantly better than control (deltaA1C 0.2%, final @entity3916 7.84%, P < 0.02); changes were smaller with feedback only and reminders only (P = NS vs. control). Trends were similar but not significant with systolic blood pressure (sBP) and LDL @entity165 . Multivariable analysis showed that the feedback intervention independently facilitated attainment of American @entity6 Association goals for both @entity3916 and sBP. Over a 2-year period, overall glycemic control improved in the intervention site but did not change in other primary care sites (final @entity3916 7.5 vs. 8.2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Feedback on performance aimed at overcoming clinical inertia and given to internal medicine resident primary care providers improves glycemic control. Partnering generalists with @entity6 specialists may be important to enhance @entity6 management in other primary care settings.

title: An endocrinologist-supported intervention aimed at providers improves @entity6 management in a primary care site: improving primary care of African Americans with XXXX (IPCAAD) 7.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Many pesticides are chiral and consist of two or more enantiomers/stereoisomers, which may differ in biological activity, @entity137 , effects on nontarget organisms, and environmental fate. In the last few years, several racemic compounds have been substituted by enantiomer-enriched or single-isomer compounds ("chiral switch"). In this context, the stereoselective degradation in soils is an important part of a benefit-risk evaluation, but the understanding of the environmental factors affecting the chiral preferences is limited. In this study, the stereoselective degradation of the fungicides @entity22431 and @entity40114 was investigated in different soils, selected to cover a wide range of soil properties. The fungicides were incubated under laboratory conditions and the degradation and configurational stability of the stereoisomers were followed over time using enantioselective GC-MS with a @entity37610 derivative as chiral selector. In alkaline and slightly acidic soils, the degradation of @entity22431 was clearly enantioselective, whereas in more acidic soils, both enantiomers were degraded at similar rates (overall half-lives 78-184 d). The enantioselectivity, expressed as @entity2828 = (k(i) - k(j))/ (k(i) + k(j)), ranged from -0.4 in alkaline soils (faster degradation of enantiomer j) to approximately 0 in acidic soils (non-enantioselective), and showed a reasonably linear correlation with the soil pH. The four stereoisomers of @entity40114 (overall half-lives 5-223 d) were also degraded at different rates in the various soils, but only the stereoselectivities between epimers showed some correlations with pH, whereas enantioselectivities did not. Both fungicides were configurationally stable in soils, i.e., no enantiomerization or epimerization was observed. Correlations between pH and @entity2828 have previously been reported for other pesticides ( @entity33297 , @entity37255 , mecoprop), but the presence or absence of such correlations is not obviously linked to the pathways of degradation. It can be assumed that different microorganisms and enzymes are involved in the primary degradation of these compounds, but on which level soil pH has an influence on @entity2828 remains to be investigated.

title: Influence of pH on the stereoselective degradation of the fungicides XXXX and @entity40114 in soils.

entities_list: @entity40114 :: ('MESH:C093628', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproconazole']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity37255 :: ('MESH:C010571', 'Chemical') :: ['dichlorprop']

entities_list: @entity37610 :: ('MESH:C023792', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity33297 :: ('CHEBI:60607', 'Chemical') :: ['metalaxyl']

entities_list: @entity22431 :: ('MESH:C109476', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxiconazole']

answer: @entity22431 :: (MESH:C109476,Chemical) :: ['epoxiconazole']


abstract: We investigated the influence of interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) on the synthesis of @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) and @entity2772 ( @entity2772 ) by monocytes and activated T helper cells. @entity3027 inhibited the production of @entity2841 in unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated monocytes to the same extent as was observed in the presence of @entity3646 . In highly purified @entity404 + T cells, which were activated by incubation with immobilized anti-CD3 antibody and anti- @entity1361 , @entity3027 reduced production of @entity2841 to 47%. In contrast, @entity2841 production in activated T cells was unaffected by exogenously added @entity3646 . The production of @entity2772 by T helper cells was significantly inhibited by @entity3027 as well. @entity2772 production by CD3/ @entity1361 -stimulated T helper cells was exclusively enhanced by @entity3646 . The exogenous addition of @entity3646 led to a highly significant increase of @entity2772 levels in T cell supernatants to 231% of control cultures (range 137%-605%), whereas other T cell-derived cytokines, such as @entity379 and @entity688 , failed to influence @entity2772 release. The differential role of @entity3646 in @entity2772 production was confirmed by the addition of anti- @entity3646 antibodies to CD3/ @entity1361 -stimulated T cells. Neutralizing anti- @entity3646 antibody caused a drastic reduction of @entity2772 synthesis by activated T cells, whereas @entity2841 production was independent of neutralization of endogenous @entity3646 . These experiments define @entity3027 as an inhibitory substance for the production of hematopoietic growth factors by activated immune cells. The influence of @entity3646 on cytokine synthesis appears to be cell type specific, thus revealing a differential stimulatory effect on @entity2772 production.

title: Hematopoietic growth factors are differentially regulated in monocytes and XXXX + T lymphocytes: influence of @entity3027 and @entity3646 .

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: @entity13332 ( @entity13332 ) is a newly approved medication for the treatment of @entity308 . It is an alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonist that causes increased levels of neuronal @entity1063 and @entity750 . It is also believed to be an antagonist at the @entity750 receptors @entity750 (2) and @entity750 (3). Little is known about isolated @entity13332 ingestions. We conducted a retrospective chart review of @entity13332 ingestions reported to our Poison Center during 2004. A standardized data sheet was completed collecting information regarding standard demographic data along with co-ingestants, @entity16 , and disposition. Data collection was reviewed by a second investigator, and a kappa score was calculated. Of 71 @entity1 identified with @entity13332 ingestions, there were 33 isolated exposures that were further reviewed. A kappa score for inter-reviewer reliability was calculated and at 0.61, 95% confidence interval 56-70. The average age of these @entity1 was 27 years (range 6-82 years), with the mean ingestion of 343 mg (range 15-1500 mg). The most common neurologic symptom was drowsiness seen in 8/23 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 became agitated, and 14 @entity1 had no abnormal neurologic findings. Cardiovascular effects were recorded in 4/23 @entity1 , with 3 @entity1 exhibiting @entity591 and 1 @entity1 with @entity1168 and @entity551 . Seven of 23 @entity1 required admission; there were no deaths. @entity13332 @entity1445 are generally very well tolerated, with the most common symptoms being drowsiness and lethargy. This study is limited by being a retrospective chart review.

title: Outcomes after isolated XXXX (Remeron) supratherapeutic ingestions.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic and cardiovascular symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine', 'Remeron', 'Mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity13332 :: (MESH:C035133,Chemical) :: ['mirtazapine']


abstract: Are enteric bacteria specifically adapted to the thermal environment of their hosts? In particular, do the optimal temperatures and thermal niches of the bacterial flora reflect seasonal, geographic, or phylogenetic differences in their hosts' temperatures? We examined these questions by measuring the relationship between the temperature-dependent growth rates of enteric bacteria in a free-living ectothermic host. We sampled two species of enteric bacteria ( @entity526 and @entity11621 ) from three natural populations of @entity8308 ( @entity8308 elegans) seasonally over two years. Despite pronounced differences in turtle body temperatures at different seasons and in different locations, we found no evidence that the thermal growth profiles of these bacteria mirrored this variation. Optimal temperatures and maximal growth rates in rich medium were nearly the same for both bacterial species (35-36 degrees C, 2.5 doublings per hour). The thermal niche (defined as the range of temperatures over which 75% of maximal growth rate occurred) was slightly higher for @entity526 (28.5-41.0 degrees C) than for @entity11621 (27.7-39.8 degrees C), but the niche breadth was about the same for both. We also measured the thermal dependence of growth rate in these same bacterial species isolated from @entity1 hosts. Both bacterial species had temperatures of maximal growth and thermal niches that were about 2 degrees C higher than those of their respective conspecifics sampled from turtles; niche breadths were not different. These data suggest that these bacterial species are thermal generalists that do not track fine-scale changes in their thermal environments. Even major differences in body temperatures, as great as those between ectothermic and endothermic hosts, may result in the evolution of rather modest changes in thermal properties.

title: Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. VIII. Effects of temperature on growth rate in natural isolates of XXXX and @entity11621 from different thermal environments.

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica', 'S. enterica']

entities_list: @entity8308 :: ('34903', 'Species') :: ['Trachemys scripta', 'slider turtles']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to determine whether intravascular time-density course and visualization of the coronary arteries differ with use of a hyperosmolar monomeric versus an iso-osmolar dimeric contrast agent in electron beam tomography (EBT) of the heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 underwent EBT of the coronary arteries using the monomeric @entity19611 or the dimeric @entity7568 at the same concentration of 320 mg I/mL. Contrast volume was determined relative to body surface area and injected over 40 seconds. Intravascular time-density curves were created for quantitative analysis. For qualitative assessment, visualization of coronary arteries on axial scans and three-dimensional reconstructions was scored. @entity1 were matched for contrast flow, transit time, and mean pulse rate for statistical analysis. RESULTS: @entity19611 produced a significantly greater increase in intravascular density for up to 30 seconds after injection (P < .01) compared with @entity7568 . No difference between the two contrast media was seen in the qualitative assessment. CONCLUSION: Monomeric and dimeric contrast media differ in their time-density curves at coronary EBT, a reason for which is not apparent. Qualitative evaluation of coronary arteries is not affected by this difference.

title: Contrast enhancement in electron beam tomography of the heart: comparison of a monomeric and a dimeric iodinated contrast agent in 59 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19611 :: ('MESH:C054871', 'Chemical') :: ['ioversol', 'Ioversol']

entities_list: @entity7568 :: ('MESH:C044834', 'Chemical') :: ['iodixanol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 80-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of @entity3043 . Her peripheral and bone marrow examinations were performed. According to the criteria of @entity1334 classification, the diagnosis was @entity2590 ( @entity417 with @entity7139 in transformation). @entity2879 was administered to decrease @entity1778 . However, she still had high fever and increasing of CRP. Hematological data also showed the increasing of WBC count, blast cells, and LDH enzyme. Antibiotics and anti fungal drugs were also not effective. She died of @entity1576 , although the cautions and extensive treatment was tried. Autopsy findings revealed proliferation of mucor in the mucosa of stomach. So, we reported here a very rare case of @entity356 , localizing exclusively in the stomach which was difficult to diagnose while she was alive.

title: [ XXXX developing acute myelocytic leukemia with @entity356 ].

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['excess of blasts']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic blasts']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucormycosis']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['Myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: The risk associated with surgical revascularization for @entity1459 is critically dependent upon the clinical presentation of the @entity1 . For this study, between January 1982 and December 1987, clinical, angiographic, operative and hospital outcome data were collected prospectively for 6539 @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity1459 . Urgent surgery was performed in 1523 @entity1 (23.3%), while 5016 (76.7%) underwent semielective revascularization. The mean age was 58.9 +/- 9.2 years and 805 @entity1 (12.3%) were aged 70 years or above. The male:female ratio was 3.6:1. @entity308 (left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%) was present in 27.2% of the population. Preoperative @entity583 (within 30 days of surgery) had occurred in 588 @entity1 (9.0%). Operative mortality was 4.6% (301 deaths). Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors of operative mortality. The following variables were selected in descending order: urgent surgery (P less than 0.001), coronary reoperation (P less than 0.001), depressed left ventricular (P less than 0.001), female gender (P less than 0.001), increasing age (P less than 0.001), left main @entity850 (P = 0.002), and preoperative @entity583 (P less than 0.001). Predicted operative mortality varied between 0.5 +/- 0.3% and 82.6 +/- 12.7%. The most important determinant for @entity1 with a preoperative @entity583 was @entity1002 , whereas urgent surgery for @entity1459 was the most important risk variable in those without preoperative @entity39 .

title: Current risk of coronary bypass for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed left ventricular function']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity692 (HA) spacer has been used for laminoplasty, there have been no reports on factors associated with fusion and on the effects of HA shape. METHODS: During January 2004 and January 2010, 45 @entity1 with @entity1745 underwent midline-splitting open door laminoplasty with winged (33 cases) and wingless (12 cases) HAs by a single surgeon. Minimal and mean follow up times were 12 and 28.1 months, respectively. Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was used for clinical outcome measurement. Cervical X-rays were taken preoperatively, immediately post-operatively, and after 3, 6, and 12 months and computed tomography scans were performed preoperatively, immediately post-operatively and after 12 months. Cervical @entity1515 , canal dimension, fusion between lamina and HA, and affecting factors of fusion were analyzed. RESULTS: All surgeries were performed on 142 levels, 99 in the winged and 43 in the wingless HA groups. JOA scores of the winged group changed from 10.4  2.94 to 13.3  2.35 and scores of the wingless group changed from 10.8  2.87 to 13.8  3.05. There was no significant difference on lordotic and canal dimensional change between two groups. Post-operative 12 month fusion rate between lamina and HA was significantly lower in the winged group (18.2 vs. 48.8% p=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity3057 , male gender, and wingless type HA were significantly associated with fusion. CONCLUSION: Clinical outcome was similar in @entity1 receiving winged and wingless HA, but the wingless type was associated with a higher rate of fusion between HA and lamina at 12 months post-operatively.

title: Midline-Splitting Open Door Laminoplasty Using XXXX Spacers : Comparison between Two Different Shaped Spacers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['compressive cervical myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyapatite']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity134 -resistant rejection (SRR) results in significant morbidity and mortality from the adverse effects of rescue therapy and in graft loss from chronic rejection. In our knowledge, the efficacy and safety of @entity2902 antibodies (daclizumab and basiliximab) for the treatment of SRR in adult liver transplantation has not previously been evaluated. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 received either daclizumab or basiliximab as rescue therapy for SRR. Outcome and biochemical parameters were recorded before and after treatment with an anti- @entity2902 antibody. RESULTS: The median time from transplantation to SRR was 25 days. Secondary immunosuppression included mycophenolate mofetil in 18 @entity1 . Twelve @entity1 (48%) had complete resolution of SRR. @entity492 transaminase levels normalized at a median of 37 days (range, 1-168 days). In 13 @entity1 (52%) progressive @entity409 developed. Four of these @entity1 received another transplant, and 6 @entity1 had chronic rejection. Three @entity1 died with graft failure. Of 16 @entity1 with acute cellular rejection, 12 (75%) had resolution, 2 had chronic rejection, 1 required a repeat transplantation, and 1 died with graft failure. In contrast, all 9 @entity1 with established chronic rejection in their pretreatment biopsy continued to have significant @entity813 , with 4 having persistent chronic @entity813 , 3 requiring repeat transplantation, and 2 dying with graft failure. CONCLUSION: Twelve (48%) of 25 @entity1 who received an anti- @entity2902 antibody because of SRR were successfully treated. All successfully treated @entity1 had ongoing acute cellular rejection at liver biopsy (75%), whereas @entity1 with histologic evidence of chronic rejection responded poorly.

title: Anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibodies and mycophenolate mofetil for treatment of XXXX -resistant rejection in adult liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspartate']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The incidence and virulence of @entity2718 -associated @entity294 (CDAD) has increased dramatically from the mid 1990s to the mid 2000s. This research assessed recent CDAD patterns at a major military medical center from 2005 to 2009, by retrospectively reviewing clinical data of each CDAD case identified using the center's electronic medical record system. Two hundred and thirty-two cases were identified. There was a stable incidence rate for both @entity3156 . Overall mortality rate was 9%. Among inpatient cases, 49% were considered to be severe, with an associated mortality of 19%. Only 12% (9/77) of severe cases were treated initially with oral @entity2176 , with the majority (8/9) treated in 2009. Hospitalization was a risk factor in 71% of cases, with 29% community-acquired. Other risk factors included recent antibiotic usage (83%) and proton-pump inhibitor use (60%), with 8% having no risk factors. Most cases were initially treated with @entity868 , which was associated with a 14% (27/188) recurrence rate versus 9% (2/22) treated with @entity2176 (p > 0.05). In contrast to earlier reports, our center has experienced a low and stable rate of CDAD since 2005. Severe CDAD is common and associated with significant mortality.

title: A 5-year retrospective review of experience with XXXX -associated @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: A relationship has previously been described between individual mean @entity5161 concentrations and the release of a marker of @entity528 , @entity1920 kinase (AK), into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after anaesthesia and orthognathic surgery. Likewise, reduced mental performance has been detected. Twenty-nine @entity1 scheduled for orthognathic surgery were assigned to @entity5161 - or @entity1875 based anaesthesia, which was adjusted to a defined level with the aid of processed EEG and quantitative surface EMG. In the case of a mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 50 mmHg a @entity2647 infusion was started to keep the MAP above the minimal level, otherwise no regard was paid to the blood pressure, which never exceeded normal values. A lumbar puncture for CSF sampling was performed approximately 20 h postoperatively. The CSF sample was analysed for AK activity. Neuropsychological tests were performed the day prior to surgery and again in the period 4-8 weeks postoperatively. Five @entity1 were re-examined by psychometry 12-30 months later. A release of AK into CSF was confirmed, equal in both groups. Correlation with the anaesthetic dose given was poor. Five @entity1 from each group failed significantly in the postoperative neuropsychological tests. They differed in several demographic respects from the others. When five of the failed @entity1 were re-examined 12-30 months later, three @entity1 still performed poorly in the tests. Biochemical and neuropsychological disturbances were recorded in several @entity1 objected to orthognathic surgery. The underlying mechanisms are unclear, including the role of the anaesthetic drugs or surgery itself.

title: Evidence of cerebral dysfunction associated with @entity5161 - or XXXX based anaesthesia for orthognathic surgery, as assessed by biochemical and neuropsychological methods.

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify differences in clinical characteristics, histological features, @entity5282 status, and @entity5 marker expression between @entity1 with sporadic and @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: As in the previous Part I of this study, two groups of @entity1 with @entity0 were compared. The first group (group I) included 504 @entity1 with a family history of @entity0 . The second (control) group (group II) consisted of 300 @entity1 not reporting such a history in their relatives. The examined parameters in this report were stage and axillary lymph node involvement at the time of the initial diagnosis, treatment methods, @entity5282 status, and serum levels of the @entity5 markers CEA and CA 15.3. The data were processed and analysed using the SPSS statistical package. The statistical significance of differences between groups and subgroups was evaluated by x(2) Pearson's test and Student's paired t-test. RESULTS: Compared to sporadic cases, @entity1 with @entity0 were more often diagnosed at an advanced III or IV stage; metastatic involvement of the regional lymph nodes was more frequent in group I @entity1 . In the same group more radical surgical procedures combined with chemotherapy and local irradiation were performed. In group I the percentage of negative hormone receptors was higher (35.3% versus 22.6%; p <0.0001) for @entity172 receptors (ER), and 47.6% versus 32.6% (p <0.0001) for @entity1420 receptors (PR). Also, in group I raised serum levels of CA 15.3 were significantly more frequent compared with group II (48% versus 35.5%, p <0.0789), and this applied also for CEA values above 50 ng/ml (10.6% versus 1.5%, p <0.0002). CONCLUSION: @entity0 displays particular clinical characteristics, distinguishing it from the sporadic type of the disease. @entity1 with @entity0 are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Commonly, the hormone receptors are negative and the serum concentrations of @entity5 markers elevated. The @entity134 receptor status represents the most reliable predictor of response to hormonotherapy and an important prognostic factor of the @entity1 's outcome. As a result of their particular characteristics, these @entity1 require more radical surgical techniques combined with pre- or postoperative local radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy.

title: XXXX . Part II: Relationships with histology, staging, @entity134 receptors and serum @entity5 markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'familial breast cancer', 'Familial breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Familial breast cancer']


abstract: Recent studies indicate that auditory tone presentation and auditory alerting can temporarily ameliorate @entity71 in @entity1 with unilateral neglect [Frassinetti, F., Pavani, F., _ Ladavas, E. Acoustical vision of neglected stimuli: Interaction among spatially converging audiovisual inputs in neglect @entity1 . @entity73 , 14, 62-69, 2002; Robertson, I. H., Mattingley, J. B., Rorden, C., _ Driver, J. Phasic alerting of neglect @entity1 overcomes their spatial @entity227 . Nature, 395, 169-172, 1998]. The current study investigated proposed mechanisms of cross-modal interaction to determine conditions in which auditory stimulation affects spatial and nonspatially lateralized @entity71 in a @entity1 with @entity132 . In Experiment 1, a target was presented among related distracters (conjunction search) while a tone was presented either bilaterally or in a congruent or incongruent spatial location with respect to the visual target. Whereas the results suggest a benefit of both general alerting and cross-modal spatial integration on @entity227 , the most significant improvement occurred when the target and tone were both presented in contralesional space. In Experiment 2, the effect of auditory alerting on selective attention was examined in a rapid serial visual search procedure with @entity227 in a stream of distracters presented at central fixation. When two targets were presented without an alerting tone, the @entity1 missed the second target for up to 1000 msec after the first target appeared (a finding known as the "attentional blink" [AB] and, on average, about 400-500 msec in normals). An alerting tone presented at a fixed temporal location significantly reduced the AB in a tone-duration-dependent manner. Experiment 3 examined the effect of cross-modal space on selective attention in an AB paradigm in which T2 occurred randomly to the left or right of T1 with a spatially congruent or incongruent tone. Discrimination of T2 in contralesional space significantly improved when the tone was presented in the same location, and was impaired when the tone was presented on the ipsilesional side. The findings are discussed as they relate to cross-modal interactions and their influence on spatial and nonspatially lateralized @entity71 in neglect.

title: Cross-modal interactions in time and space: auditory influence on visual attention in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in visual awareness', 'visual search efficiency', 'visual targets embedded']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['hemispatial neglect']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial attention deficits', 'attention deficits']

answer: @entity132 :: (MESH:D010468,Disease) :: ['hemispatial neglect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion can lead to @entity651 characterised by increased macromolecular leakage and leukocyte sequestration. Important mediators of ischaemia-reperfusion-associated injury include polymorphonuclear granulocytes and platelet-activating factor. AIM: To investigate the potential therapeutic inhibition of platelet-activating factor in intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion associated @entity651 , by use of a potent platelet-activating factor-receptor antagonist, lexipafant. METHODS: @entity35 were subjected to 30 minutes of intestinal ischaemia followed by 3 or 12 hours reperfusion. Lexipafant or saline was given intraperitoneally after 30 minutes reperfusion. RESULTS: Increased leakage of radiolabelled human serum albumin was found in the lungs after intestinal ischaemia followed by 3 or 12 hours reperfusion. Administration of lexipafant did not significantly prevent the increased leakage. Pulmonary @entity1589 content increased after intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion, indicating polymorphonuclear granulocyte sequestration through the pulmonary endothelium. The increase in @entity3426 seen after 3 hours reperfusion was partly reversed by lexipafant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity651 occurred following intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion, characterised by increased leakage of radiolabelled albumin over the endothelial barrier; correlating with increased pulmonary @entity1589 -content, implying involvement of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in the pathogenesis of @entity130 after intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion. Lexipafant did not significantly decrease severity of @entity358 .

title: Early treatment with lexipafant, a platelet-activating factor-receptor antagonist, is not sufficient to prevent @entity358 after intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary injury', 'pulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['remote organ injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The goal of this study was to precise indications and surgical techniques for stabilisation with or without decompression of the upper cervical spine instability in @entity309 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 28 @entity1 presenting @entity3799 have been reviewed (mean age 57 years). These @entity1 had been suffering from severe diffuse @entity625 during an average of 14.5 years. The @entity9807 was most frequent (25 times), 1 posterior dislocation and 2 vertical dislocations. Odontoid lysis was noted 19 times. A subluxation of the lower cervical spine was present in 12 @entity1 . SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: C1-C2 arthrodesis was performed 12 times (9 times with a loop wire and 3 isthmo-pedicular screws C2-C1), occipito-cervical arthrodesis with plates 16 times. Operative traction was necessary 5 times. The associated surgical gestures included 3 times a laminectomy, 2 times an enlargement of the occipital foramen, 1 section of the Arnold nerve. In 2 @entity1 was associated a fixation of the lower cervical spine. RESULTS: With an average of 27 months follow-up, functional results (classified according to Ranawat's criteria) were satisfactory in 14 @entity1 , improved in 7 @entity1 , unchanged in 4 and bad in 3. The reduction of the anterior displacement in 25 @entity1 was complete 11 times, partial 17 times and null 3 times. The reduction of the vertical displacement was complete once, partial 3 times. Arthrodesis fusion was obtained in 19 cases, 5 times it was a fibrous union and 4 @entity1516 occurred, all with C1-C2 loop wire. The rate of complications was high: 2 infections on bone site grafting requiring reoperation, 2 infections with secondary @entity295 after lack of reduction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Occipito-cervical arthrodesis is necessary as soon as the @entity1 presents neurological signs. When there is an anterior dislocation associated with @entity3029 , if there is posterior dislocation in case of @entity1605 , or destabilisation of the lower cervical spine. C1-C2 arthrodesis is suggested when there is no important neurological signs, when displacement is limited to a @entity1347 and in young @entity1 with good bone quality.

title: [Surgery of the upper cervical spine in XXXX . Indications and results apropos of 28 cases].

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis of the posterior C1-C2 arc']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['pure anterior dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['vertical dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['upper cervical spine disease']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['anterior atlanto-axial dislocation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess and differentiate the impact of progressivly increasing portal venous @entity2232 (ET) plasma concentrations on hepatic micro- and macroperfusion of native porcine livers (Group A) and liver grafts after experimental transplantation (Group B). METHODS: A standardized gradual increment in systemic ET plasma concentration (0-58 pg/ml) was induced by continuous ET-1 infusion into the portal vein in both groups (A: n = 10, B: n = 10). Control animals received only saline (n = 5, each group). Hepatic microcirculation (HMC) was quantified by thermodiffusion electrodes, @entity99 ( @entity99 ), and portal venous flow (PVF) by Doppler flowmetry. RESULTS: No changes in ET or perfusion parameters were observed in controls. The mean ET level after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in Group B was elevated (baseline: 3.8 +/- 2.4 pg/ml) compared with Group A (2.8 +/- 1.9 pg/ml). With rising ET levels @entity99 decreased progressively in Group A from 205 +/- 97 (baseline) to 160 +/- 72 ml/min, and in Group B from 161 +/- 87 to 146 +/- 68 ml/min. PVF decreased in Group A from 722 +/- 253 to 370 +/- 198 ml/min, and in Group B from 846 +/- 263 to 417 +/- 203 ml/min. Baseline HMC in Group A was 86 +/- 15 and decreased significantly to 29 +/- 9 ml/100 g/min, and baseline MC in Group B was 90 +/- 22 and decreased to 44 +/- 32 ml/100 g/min. No significant alteration in systemic circulation was noted at the ET concentrations investigated. CONCLUSIONS: Significant impairment of hepatic micro- and macrocirculation was detected after induction of systemic ET levels above 9.4 pg/ml both in native and in transplanted livers. Disturbance of HMC was caused predominantly by reduction of portal venous flow, while the effect of ET on @entity99 was less pronounced. Characteristics of flow @entity409 were analogous after short cold ischemic graft storage (6 h).

title: Effects of exogenous XXXX application on liver perfusion in native and transplanted porcine livers.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery flow', 'HAF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in transplanted and native livers']

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']