abstract: BACKGROUND: The rectum is a rare site of @entity674 ( @entity674 ), and factors determining long-term outcome remain unclear. In a population study, we assessed the outcome of @entity674 @entity1 treated at two referral centers. METHODS: A total of 39 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity674 between January 2002 and December 2010 were identified in prospective databases. @entity5 and @entity1 characteristics, treatment details, and outcome were evaluated. Median follow-up was 41 (3-110) months. RESULTS: A male predominance was noticed (M/F = 29/10). Median age was 53 years (range, 32-80 years). The cohort included, of 39 @entity1 , 12 low-risk, 26 high-risk, and 1 with M1 disease. Of 38 @entity1 with nonmetastatic disease, 36 underwent surgery as transabdominal (15 of 36) or local (21 of 36) resection. There were 21 @entity1 who received preoperative and/or postoperative @entity2213 treatment. @entity1 with preoperative @entity2213 (16 of 36) had a significantly higher rate of R0 resections (p = .02). Five @entity1 developed local recurrences. All of them had undergone local @entity5 excision with positive margins and without perioperative @entity2213 . Also, five @entity1 suffered from distant metastases. All belonged to the high-risk group and underwent @entity5 surgery (3 R0, 2 R1) without receiving perioperative @entity2213 . A total of three @entity1 died of disease. Perioperative @entity2213 was associated with improved @entity66 -free, disease-free, and overall survival (p < .01, p < .01, and p = .03, respectively). @entity66 -free survival was significantly improved by negative resection margins (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Complete resection is recommended to achieve @entity66 control. Preoperative @entity2213 was associated with improved surgical margins. Perioperative @entity2213 was associated with improved @entity66 -free, disease-free, and overall survival.

title: XXXX : results of surgical and multimodality therapy in the era of @entity2213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Local disease', 'local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST', 'rectal GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the rectum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infrared photocoagulation (IRP) is commonly used in the treatment of @entity6713 , but @entity548 can persist after this procedure. Adjuvant therapy may thus be considered for more definitive control of symptoms, particularly @entity548 . OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of a treatment combining IRP and oral micronized purified @entity3096 fraction (MPFF) versus each treatment used alone on @entity548 cessation in @entity1 with grades I, II, and III acute internal @entity6713 . METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind study. Consecutive outpatients were randomly assigned to a treatment combining MPFF and IRP or to each treatment separately. For each @entity1 , @entity548 status was reported at day 0 (day of inclusion) and compared with that at day 5 after treatment by observers blinded to treatment assignment. Follow-up visits were planned at days 7, 30, 60, and 90 of therapy, including monitoring of treatment-related side effects and self-reporting by @entity1 of any problem related to @entity6713 . RESULTS: A total of 351 @entity1 (180 @entity1 , 171 @entity1 ) were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 49.2 years (range, 29-71 years). @entity6713 were grade I in 33.6% (118 @entity1 ), grade II in 48.7% (171 @entity1 ), and grade III in 17.7% (62 @entity1 ) of the study population. @entity1 were randomly assigned to each of the 3 treatment groups (117 @entity1 in each), with no significant difference between groups in the age, sex, or distribution of grade of @entity6713 . The percentage of @entity1 with no @entity548 after 5 days of treatment was higher in the combined treatment group (74.8%) compared with MPFF alone (59.6%; P = 0.023) or with IRP alone (55.6%; P = 0.004). MPFF alone was as effective as IRP alone at stopping @entity548 . @entity1 with grades I and II @entity6713 responded significantly better (82.5% and 61.7%, respectively) to either treatment than those with grade III @entity6713 (22.9%; P < 0.001). Of the 216 @entity1 who were followed up for 90 days, 3 had a gastrointestinal adverse event, and 19 had a relapse of @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Five days of treatment combining MPFF with IRP significantly reduced @entity548 status in these study @entity1 with grades I and II acute internal @entity6713 compared with each treatment used alone.

title: Prospective, randomized, controlled, observer-blinded trial of combined infrared photocoagulation and micronized purified @entity3096 fraction versus each alone for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal disease', 'hemorrhoids', 'Hemorrhoids']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoidal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the particularities of extracapsular @entity231 extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in @entity1 with Fuchs' @entity5502 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 24 extracapsular @entity231 operations performed from September 1991 to June 1994. Our technique-a slight modification of Blumenthal's technique-included a triplanar watertight small scleral incision, an envelope capsulotomy, nucleus hydrodissection and hydroexpression, anterior chamber maintainer use, thorough residual cortex removal through a side-port corneal incision and "in the bag" posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. RESULTS: Mydriasis was slightly larger than 5 mm in 79.16% of the total group. @entity397 with @entity393 occurred in one and without in two @entity1 . A transient rise in intraocular pressure was seen in seven @entity1 and a mild anterior chamber reaction in almost all @entity1 . No @entity548 occurred during anterior chamber opening, or postoperative I.O.L. decentration or @entity726 . Best corrected postoperative visual acuity ranged from 5-10/10 in 21 @entity1 (87.50%). CONCLUSIONS: Extracapsular @entity231 extraction in @entity1 with Fuchs' @entity5502 does not currently present any difficulties compared with normal senile @entity231 . No major complications occurred and the final visual acuity was satisfactory.

title: XXXX surgery in Fuchs' @entity5502 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['heterochromic iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Posterior capsule rupture']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous loss']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Operative techniques for oncoplastic reconstruction combine oncologic extirpation of the @entity5 with immediate reconstruction of breast shape and symmetry. These techniques are increasingly being used for breast-conservation therapy of centrally located @entity0 . The goal of this study was to provide an overview of the various surgical options for oncoplastic treatment of central @entity0 . METHODS: From September of 1998 through January of 2005, 31 @entity1 (median age, 61 years) were treated for 32 centrally located @entity0 by breast-conserving therapy. There were 27 invasive @entity5 (median size, 13.5 mm), and five @entity1 had @entity513 in situ (median size, 39.6 mm). One @entity1 received chemotherapy preoperatively for @entity5 reduction. A total of 11 @entity1 had a positive lymph-node status, and 21 @entity1 had a free sentinel node. RESULTS: The various surgical techniques included a central lumpectomy with direct closure (n = 6), central lumpectomy with inverted T-closure (n = 2), a circumareolar, Benelli-type closure (n = 2), a modified Grisotti-flap closure (n = 9), and a mammaplasty-type closure with an inferiorly based pedicle (n = 13). In 27 @entity1 , a contralateral procedure was undertaken ( @entity189 or symmetrizing mammaplasty). Two @entity1 required a secondary mastectomy because of @entity513 in situ with positive surgical margins in the final histology. They were treated by immediate reconstruction with an implant and a pedicled myocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap, respectively. In a median follow-up of 33.8 months, there were no local recurrences in the remaining @entity0 , but two @entity1 developed distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 of small size that occurs in a central location can be safely treated oncologically by breast conservation therapy. The use of various oncoplastic techniques yields very satisfactory aesthetic results.

title: Oncoplastic techniques allow breast-conserving treatment in centrally located XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast or axilla', 'Breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: Normal @entity1 neutrophils were stimulated with the @entity375 cell wall product, zymosan, and examined for two biologic responses, ingestion of particles and production of @entity8285 (LTB4), under conditions that were comparable and optimal for the quantitation of each response. Monolayers of adherent neutrophils ingested unopsonized zymosan particles, at particle-to-cell ratios of 12.5:1 to 125:1, in a dose- and time-related manner. At a ratio of 125:1, the percentages of neutrophils ingesting greater than or equal to 1 and greater than or equal to 3 zymosan particles reached plateau levels of 55 +/- 6 and 32 +/- 9% (mean +/- SD, n = 8), respectively, within 30 min. At this same ratio, neutrophils during gravity sedimentation with zymosan particles synthesized LTB4 in a time-dependent manner for at least 45 min. The maximum amount of immunoreactive LTB4 released into supernatants was 3.8 +/- 1.2 ng per 10(6) neutrophils (mean +/- SD, n = 5) and the corresponding total immunoreactive LTB4 was 6.2 +/- 1.9 ng per 10(6) neutrophils. Treatment of 2 x 10(7) suspended neutrophils with 250 micrograms of trypsin for 20 min before concurrent assessment of neutrophil phagocytosis and LTB4 production reduced both of these responses by about 50%. Pretreatment of neutrophils with 800 micrograms/ml of soluble @entity375 beta-glucan inhibited their ingestion of zymosan by 84% (mean +/- SD, n = 3), with 50% inhibition occurring with 100 micrograms/ml of soluble beta-glucan; 800 micrograms/ml of soluble @entity375 alpha-mannan had no inhibitory effect. Pretreatment of neutrophils with 400 micrograms/ml of soluble @entity375 beta-glucan inhibited neutrophil synthesis of LTB4 by 90%, with 50% occurring with 200 micrograms/ml; 400 micrograms/ml of soluble @entity375 alpha-mannan had no inhibitory effect. The presence of 1.25 micrograms/ml of cytochalasin B during incubation with zymosan particles reduced neutrophil phagocytosis from 65 to 6%, and neutrophil synthesis of LTB4 from total levels of 6.0 +/- 0.3 ng/10(6) cells to zero (mean +/- SD, n = 3). Pretreatment with either @entity2389 or @entity5713 did not alter neutrophil generation of LTB4 induced by @entity460 ionophore. Neutrophils pretreated with @entity5713 , at 4 x 10(-6) to 4 x 10(-4) M, and then maintained at one-half these concentrations during incubation with unopsonized zymosan particles exhibited no diminution in particle ingestion, but were markedly reduced in zymosan-induced synthesis of LTB4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Perturbation of beta-glucan receptors on XXXX neutrophils initiates phagocytosis and leukotriene B4 production.

entities_list: @entity8285 :: ('MESH:D007975', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene B4']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Sixty-three @entity1 , (52 males and 11 females) from 28 kindreds of @entity3686 ( @entity3686 ) were identified over a 14-year period from 1977 to 1991. Group I included 51 @entity1 with (a) positive family history of haematuria with or without @entity177 , (b) characteristic GBM changes on electron-microscopy, (c) characteristic ocular signs, and (d) high-frequency @entity1274 . Group II included 12 @entity1 with a negative family history. All of them had evidence of @entity8 with characteristic ocular signs and @entity2319 and four had characteristic GBM changes on electron-microscopy. The main clinical features were haematuria in 96.8%, @entity2319 in 82.5%, and diminished visual acuity in 66.7% of affected subjects. @entity101 was present in 71.4% @entity1 . Pure tone audiometry revealed high-frequency @entity1274 in 96.8%. Ocular examination showed bilateral anterior lenticonus in 37.8%, retinal flecks in 22.2%, @entity231 in 20%, and @entity9042 in 6.7% @entity1 . @entity644 (> 2.0 g/24 h) was detected in 31.8%. Sixteen (57.1%) of the 28 index @entity1 (all males) were diagnosed for the first time when they presented with @entity454 . Serum @entity1011 in the overall group ranged from 0.9 to 18.7 mg/dl(7.81 +/- 5.37 mg/dl). Adequate renal tissue was obtained by biopsy in 14 @entity1 . Light-microscopy revealed @entity628 in five, mesangial proliferation in four, chronic @entity1986 in three, and mesangiocapillary and crescentic @entity631 in one each. Electron-microscopy showed characteristic changes in the GBM in seven specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX ( @entity3686 )--clinical profile and inheritance in 28 kindreds.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nephritis', "Alport's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3686 :: (MESH:D009394,Disease) :: ['Hereditary nephritis']


abstract: In this study, we investigated the role of specific @entity535 residues present near the @entity1472 terminus of the 9-2 isozyme of @entity11932 synthetase. In vitro expression of deletion mutants showed that residues 1-9 are required for enzyme activity. Within this region, residues 3, 7, and 8 were found to be conserved among all known isozymes of @entity11932 synthetase. Mutation of these residues singly or in combination resulted in partial or total loss of enzyme activity. Substitution of the @entity1521 residue at position 7 by different residues caused a partial or complete loss of activity. The properties of the inactive P7Q mutant were further explored by expressing the protein in bacteria. The bacterially expressed protein was also enzymatically inactive. The mutant protein could bind the substrate @entity855 and the activator double-stranded RNA normally. Oligomerization properties of the protein were examined by an affinity-based interaction assay and by @entity653 gradient centrifugation; there was no detectable difference between the wild type and the P7Q mutant. These results demonstrated the importance of the @entity1521 residue at position 7 in conferring enzyme activity to the protein without affecting its other properties.

title: Effects of mutating specific residues present near the @entity1472 terminus of XXXX synthetase.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity11932 :: (MESH:C023505,Chemical) :: ['2'-5'-oligoadenylate']


abstract: Lipids compete with @entity413 for utilization by the myocardium. @entity1522 are an important energetic substrate in the heart but it is unknown whether they reduce @entity413 disposal. The molecular mechanisms by which lipids and @entity1522 impair insulin-mediated @entity413 disposal in the myocardium are unknown. We evaluated the effect of lipids and @entity1522 on the insulin stimulated @entity413 uptake in the isolated @entity35 heart and explored the involved target proteins. The hearts were perfused with 16 mM @entity413 alone or with 6% lipid or 10% @entity535 solutions at the rate of 15 ml/min. After 1 h of perfusion (basal period), insulin (240 nmol/l) was added and maintained for an additional hour. Both lipids and @entity1522 blocked the insulin effect on @entity413 uptake (P<0.01) and reduced the activity of the IRSs/PI 3-kinase/ @entity2308 /GSK3 axis leading to the activation of @entity413 transport and glycogen synthesis. @entity1522 , but not lipids, increased the activity of the p70 S6 kinase leading to the stimulation of protein synthesis. @entity1522 induce @entity296 resistance recruiting the same molecular mechanisms as lipids. @entity1522 retain an insulin-like stimulatory effect on p70 S6 kinase, which is independent from the PI 3-Kinase downstream effectors.

title: @entity535 - and lipid-induced insulin resistance in XXXX heart: molecular mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acids', 'amino acids']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial insulin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Increased serum urate concentration is commonly seen in clinical practice. It does not represent a specific disease, nor is it an indication for therapy. @entity5052 can be the consequence of increased @entity414 production and/or decreased renal capacity to excrete @entity414 . In essential @entity101 , it has been described in up to one third of @entity1 and is directly related to an increase in renal vascular resistance and inversely correlated with renal plasma flow. In other words, abnormal renal hemodynamics, commonly seen in the initial stages of the disease, account for the increased serum urate concentration. This can be maintained if a decrease in glomerular filtration rate takes place. The increase in @entity414 has been shown to be a potent predictor of the development of @entity65 and @entity204 . In addition, @entity414 , particularly when elevated, could represent an independent risk factor. On the other hand, an altered renal function predicts in an independent manner a higher cardiovascular risk. For this reason, the predictive capacity of @entity414 could be partly dependent on the fact that @entity5052 runs in parallel with a deranged renal function.

title: XXXX and renal function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity5052 :: (MESH:D033461,Disease) :: ['Hyperuricemia']


abstract: @entity526 , @entity5746 spp. and @entity794 are frequent co-visitors of contaminated foods to cause @entity6766 . To achieve rapid detection of three organisms by multiplex PCR, a selective co-enrichment broth was considered to design using response surface methodology (RSM) in this work. @entity1219 , @entity4113 and @entity12159 as selective bacterial inhibitors were selected to optimize their concentrations for a matched composition of bacterial biomass with uniform amplification of three targets. Central composite design was employed to collect the data and fit the responses. Three quadratic polynomial models were derived by computer simulation. A statistical analysis was carried out to explore the effects of the variables on the composition of bacterial biomass and PCR amplification yields. In the end, a novel broth (ESS-3 broth) of @entity1219 1.60%, @entity4113 0.70%, KSCN 0.10% was formulated to allow co-enrichment of the target pathogens and suppress growth of some non-target pathogens. The simultaneous detection of @entity526 , @entity5746 spp. and @entity794 was developed on a rapid, convenient and sensitive method consisting of selective co-enrichment in ESS-3 broth, DNA extraction with the boiling method and robust test by multiplex PCR. Our work provided broader application of RSM for the simultaneous detection of other combinations of multiple pathogens.

title: Response surface methodology to design a selective co-enrichment broth of @entity526 , XXXX spp. and @entity794 for simultaneous detection by multiplex PCR.

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food-borne diseases']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['Salmonella']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a chronic @entity32 with predominance of type I cytokine [ @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), @entity379 ( @entity379 )] production. In this prospective study, we evaluated the influence of longterm therapy with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in combination with low dose corticosteroids on the type 1/type 2 cytokine balance in @entity309 . METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 10 controls and 20 @entity1 with @entity309 before therapy and after 12 mo of therapy with @entity1500 in combination with low dose @entity288 . Using flow cytometry, the intracellular production of @entity1199 , @entity379 , and @entity3646 was measured in @entity404 + and @entity405 + T lymphocytes. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, @entity1 with @entity309 before therapy showed an increased percentage of @entity1199 positive @entity404 + and @entity405 + T cells (p = 0.002, p = 0.01, respectively). An increased percentage of @entity379 positive @entity405 + T cells was found (p = 0.0006) compared with the control group. After 12 months of therapy, a significantly decreased percentage of @entity1199 positive @entity404 + T cells and @entity379 positive @entity404 + and @entity405 + T lymphocytes was observed (p = 0.0003, p = 0.0007, p = 0.001). The percentage of @entity3646 / @entity379 positive @entity404 + and @entity405 + T cells was significantly higher after 12 months of therapy (p = 0.01, p = 0.02). There was a positive correlation between the percentage of @entity379 positive @entity404 + T cells and disease activity variables (Ritchie Index and number of swollen joints) in @entity309 @entity1 before therapy (r = 0.6, p = 0.04 and r = 0.4, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Longterm therapy with @entity1500 in combination with low dose corticosteroids for @entity309 influenced the predominance of type 1 cytokines toward normalization of the cytokine balance in both @entity404 + and @entity405 + T lymphocytes.

title: Influence of longterm therapy with @entity1499 and low dose corticosteroids on type 1 and type 2 cytokine production in @entity404 + and @entity405 + T lymphocytes of XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A new surgical approach to foraminal disc herniation is proposed. METHODS: The procedure was performed in 28 @entity1 during a span of 3 years. The herniation was purely foraminal in 18 @entity1 and mainly foraminal with a definite extraforaminal component in the other 10 @entity1 . Surgical treatment was offered only after 6 weeks of therapy with anti-inflammatory drugs and strict bed rest had proved to be ineffective. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: To unroof the foraminal compartment, an ovoid fenestration (10 x 5 mm) is cut, with its major @entity2270 at the level of the pars interarticularis, just medially and slightly off-center under the lateral isthmic notch, i.e., below the pedicle projection. This fenestration exposes the foraminal root compressed by the @entity890 , which can be easily removed. RESULTS: Treatment was successful in all @entity1 , with @entity514 remission of @entity158 and only mild postoperative discomfort. All @entity1 resumed their occupations as usual within 10 to 30 days after the operation, according to type of work. Mean follow-up is 24 months (range, 12-36 mo), without any return of @entity158 . CONCLUSION: We propose pars interarticularis fenestration because it spares, with minimal bone removal, the facet joints and the anatomic continuity of the pars interarticularis, yet properly exposes the foraminal compartment both medially and laterally and thereby permits optimal removal of the disc herniation.

title: Pars interarticularis fenestration in the treatment of XXXX : a further surgical approach.

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal axis']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated disc']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['foraminal lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Pulsatile @entity392 in the face of normal findings on otoscopy is a common otological diagnostic dilemma and can be due to serious @entity1462 such as @entity2458 @entity2457 ( @entity2458 [ @entity2458 ] DAVF). Left untreated, @entity2458 DAVF may result in significant morbidity and mortality. @entity2458 DAVF can be suspected or diagnosed with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), with the gold standard being angiography. Our objective was to assess the utility of these various diagnostic modalities in the diagnosis of @entity2457 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical review. METHODS: Between 1986 and 1996, 54 @entity1 were evaluated and treated for @entity2458 DAVF. Between 1996 and 1999, an additional 33 @entity1 underwent MRI combined with MRA for the evaluation of @entity392 . A retrospective review of the medical records for both groups, with special attention to clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, therapy, and outcome, was performed. RESULTS: All @entity1 had @entity392 with normal findings on otoscopy. CT scan was relatively insensitive in the detection of @entity2458 DAVF. MRI and MR/MRA were significantly more sensitive than CT. In the evaluation of @entity1 with subjective @entity392 , MRI/MRA defined anatomical abnormalities that may contribute to @entity392 in 63% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of objective @entity392 , MRI/MRA is an appropriate initial diagnostic step. When a @entity1 has an objective bruit, the clinician may choose to proceed directly to angiography to make certain that a @entity2458 DAVF is not missed.

title: Role of angiography in the evaluation of XXXX with @entity392 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'pulsatile tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity2458 :: ('MESH:D020227', 'Disease') :: ['transverse or sigmoid sinus', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relationships between AgNORs polymorphisms and @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) with @entity281 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study was carried out on sixty @entity1 from the state of Guerrero, Mexico. HPV detection was performed by PCR. AgNORs were identified by argentic impregnation. One hundred cells per slide were counted and classified according to the polymorphism of AgNORs dots; typical (spherical) and atypical (large, kidney-shaped and clustered). RESULTS: A total of 100% of the cases were positive for @entity281 . Nine different high-risk HPV genotypes were found, type 16 was the most common (48.6%). The AgNORs showed a significant decrease in spherical shape according to neoplastic development. The three atypical shapes showed a significant increase in @entity2784 and @entity957 (p-trend<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: AgNORs polymorphism rises progressively according to the grade of histological lesions that can be useful as a prognosis for progression of @entity957 .

title: AgNOR polymorphism association with @entity2784 and invasive carcinoma with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'SIL']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['HPV infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) is a minimally invasive procedure for local @entity5 ablation. This report discusses the long-term results of this therapy in non-surgical @entity1 with @entity14 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, we treated 163 @entity14 in 85 @entity1 by MR-guided @entity1986 . RESULTS: The overall lethality was 1.1%. The mean survival period of all treated @entity1 was 3.3+/-0.3 years (CI: 2.8; 3.8; Kaplan-Meier method) with a calculation start date of the diagnosis of the @entity3 . The mean survival period after @entity1986 was 2.6+/-0.2 years (CI 2.2; 3.0). There was a substantial learning curve with respect to the indication for @entity1986 and the technical procedure of the intervention itself. In the first period (50 @entity1 ; 1998-2001), the mean survival period was 2.2+/-0.2 years (CI: 1.8; 2.7). Thereafter (35 @entity1 2001-2006), the mean survival period increased to 2.9+/-0.3 years (CI: 2.4; 3.4; log rank Test; p=0.0097). In the latter group, the 1-year survival rate was 93% and the 3-year survival rate was 56%. CONCLUSION: MR-guided @entity1986 is a treatment suitable for non-surgical @entity1 suffering from @entity14 . The complication rate of the procedure is comparatively low. The survival periods after the procedure are longer than those reported for similar @entity1 populations after chemotherapy alone.

title: [Survival after laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy of XXXX --a comparison of first clinical experiences with current therapy results].

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy', 'LITT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of @entity2874 ( @entity2874 )-associated mutant @entity5 necrosis factor receptor type I ( @entity10736 ) expression in a cell type directly relevant to the @entity32 in @entity2874 , and to identify novel markers associated with mutant @entity10736 expression. METHODS: Transcriptome analysis on 30,000 @entity1 genes was performed on SK-Hep-1 @entity1 endothelial cells transfected with either @entity164 ( @entity164 ) or @entity2874 -associated mutant @entity10736 . Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and protein expression levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay verified transcriptional changes for selected genes both in supernatants from cells expressing mutant @entity10736 and in @entity1 plasma. RESULTS: Cells expressing mutant @entity10736 showed up-regulation of multiple proinflammatory genes relative to @entity164 transfectants, including genes for @entity40590 , granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, @entity2842 , and @entity5737 , which were also expressed as proteins. In addition, the expression of most of these markers was increased in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from @entity2874 @entity1 relative to those from healthy controls. The @entity462 mutations ( @entity55219 and @entity55220 ), which are associated with a more severe clinical phenotype, induced more genes than the low-penetrance mutation @entity16103 , which is associated with a milder phenotype. The expression of most genes was induced by a @entity204 ( @entity204 )-dependent mechanism, since they were not induced by expression of @entity10736 mutants with an inactivated @entity204 . CONCLUSION: @entity2874 -associated @entity10736 mutants induce the expression of multiple genes encoding inflammatory molecules, cellular receptors, transcription factors, and regulators of apoptosis in endothelial cells that require the cytoplasmic signaling properties of the receptor. Different mutants have specific expression profiles, indicating mutation-specific effects. The expression of some of these markers was also elevated in samples from @entity2874 @entity1 .

title: Novel markers of @entity32 identified in @entity2874 ( @entity2874 ) by transcriptomic analysis of effects of @entity2874 -associated XXXX necrosis factor receptor type I mutations in an endothelial cell line.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity55220 :: ('p|SUB|C|52|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C52F']

entities_list: @entity16103 :: ('p|SUB|R|92|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R92Q']

entities_list: @entity2874 :: ('MESH:C536657', 'Disease') :: ['TRAPS', 'tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity55219 :: ('p|SUB|C|33|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C33Y']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'death domain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An estimated 1 in 3 American adults will have @entity6 by the year 2050. Nationally, South Carolina ranks 10th in cases of diagnosed @entity6 compared to other states. In adults, type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90-95% of all diagnosed cases of @entity6 . Clinically, provider and health system factors account for < 10% of the variance in major @entity6 outcomes including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid control, and resource use. Use of telemonitoring systems offer new opportunities to support @entity1 with T2DM while waiting to be seen by their health care providers at actual office visits. A variety of interventions testing the efficacy of telemedicine interventions have been conducted, but the outcomes have yielded equivocal results, emphasizing the shortage of controlled, randomized trials in this area. This study provides a unique opportunity to address this gap in the literature by optimizing two strategies that have been shown to improve glycemic control, while simultaneously implementing clinical outcomes measures, using a sufficient sample size, and offering health care delivery to rural, underserved and low income communities with T2DM who are seen at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) in coastal South Carolina. METHODS: We describe a four-year prospective, randomized clinical trial, which will test the effectiveness of technology-assisted case management in low income rural adults with T2DM. Two-hundred (200) male and female @entity1 , 18 years of age or older and with an HbA1c >=  8%, will be randomized into one of two groups: (1) an intervention arm employing the innovative FORA system coupled with nurse case management or (2) a usual care group. @entity1 will be followed for 6-months to ascertain the effect of the interventions on glycemic control. Our primary hypothesis is that among indigent, rural adult @entity1 with T2DM treated in FQHC's, @entity1 randomized to the technology-assisted case management intervention will have significantly greater reduction in HbA1c at 6 months of follow-up compared to usual care. DISCUSSION: Results from this study will provide important insight into the effectiveness of technology-assisted case management intervention (TACM) for optimizing @entity6 care in indigent, rural adult @entity1 with T2DM treated in FQHC's. TRIAL REGISTRATION: National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry (http://ClinicalTrials.gov identifier# NCT01373489.

title: Effectiveness of technology-assisted case management in low income adults with type 2 XXXX (TACM-DM): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity5 associated @entity5 antigen @entity10224 is a glycoprotein with high molecular weight. The determination of this antigen has been proven to be useful in the monitoring of @entity1 with @entity43 . OPUS OV, the @entity5 marker assay for the @entity43 antigen @entity10224 is an ELISA that was developed for the family of fully automated random-access analyzers, OPUS, OPUS Plus and OPUS I Magnum. The assay uses a double monoclonal sandwich format (antibodies B27.1 and B43.13, Biomira/Canada). The first antibody is immobilized on the solid phase of the OPUS modules. Sample is automatically added and incubated for 5 minutes. The addition of a solution of the second antibody conjugated to the enzyme alkaline phosphatase leads to the formation of a sandwich complex within 5 minutes. The last step, the addition of the fluorogenic substrate @entity55579 , serves both as washing procedure and for the development of the fluorescence signal (kinetic measurement). OPUS OV has an assay range from 0-1000 kU/L with a detection limit of 5 kU/L. Within run cv's are 6-8%. A good correlation was found to commercially available kits for the determination of @entity10224 . We conclude that this new OPUS OV assay is a valid alternative for use in the routine determination of the @entity5 associated antigen @entity10224 and allows more reliable determinations in terms of random access, speed, and ease of operation.

title: A new @entity5 marker assay for XXXX on the OPUS immunoassay system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity55579 :: ('MESH:C005359', 'Chemical') :: ['4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Mutations of the @entity19066 gene ( @entity19066 ) cause a female-related @entity302 of variable severity, with or without @entity1032 and @entity2438 features. Despite the increasing number of @entity1 and mutations reported, the @entity302 phenotype associated with @entity19066 mutations is still unclear. We analyzed @entity410 semiology through ictal video-electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in a large series of @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 35 @entity1 with @entity19066 gene-related @entity302 and analyzed clinical history and ictal video-EEG recordings obtained in 34 of them. KEY FINDINGS: Clusters of focal febrile and @entity410 had occurred in 34 @entity1 , at a mean age of 10 months. The predominant and more consistent ictal sign was fearful screaming, occurring in 24 @entity1 (70.5%); it was present since @entity302 onset in 12 and appeared later on, during the course in the remaining 12 @entity1 . In infancy, fearful screaming mainly appeared within the context of @entity410 with prominent hypomotor semiology, whereas during follow-up it was associated with prominent early motor manifestations. In 16 @entity1 , @entity410 were video-EEG recorded both at onset and during follow-up: in five @entity1 (31%) @entity410 semiology remained identical, in 7 (44%) semiology varied and in four @entity1 it was unclear whether ictal semiology changed with age. Three @entity1 (9%) had both focal and generalized @entity410 , the latter consisting of absences and @entity2045 . Ictal EEG during focal @entity410 showed a prominent involvement of the frontotemporal regions (22 @entity1 ). About 45% of @entity1 had an alternating EEG pattern, with the ictal discharge migrating from one hemisphere to the contralateral during the same ictal event. @entity159 occurred in 30% of @entity1 . @entity73 occurred in 70%, ranging from mild (42%) to moderate (54%) and severe (4%); @entity2438 features occurred in 28.5%. Direct sequencing detected 33 different heterozygous candidate mutations, 8 of which were novel. Mutations were missense substitutions (48.5%), premature termination (10 frameshift, 4 nonsense, and 2 splice-site mutations; 48.5%), and one in-frame deletion. Thirty candidate mutations (91%) were de novo. No specific genotype-phenotype correlation could be established, as missense and truncating mutations were associated with phenotypes of comparable severity. SIGNIFICANCE: Most @entity1 with @entity19066 mutations exhibit a distinctive electroclinical pattern of focal @entity410 with affective symptoms, suggesting an @entity409 involving the frontotemporal limbic system. Awareness of this distinctive phenotype will likely enhance recognition of this disorder.

title: Focal @entity410 with affective symptoms are a major feature of @entity19066 gene-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'afebrile seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['Status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity1 @entity2772 ) is a multipotential cytokine that supports the growth of early hematopoietic progenitors and promotes their response to other, later-acting cytokines. We found that @entity2772 was able to induce the expression of @entity1199 ( @entity3647 ( @entity2902 ) ( @entity2902 ) on a subset of early myeloid cells in normal @entity1 bone marrow that had been first depleted of mature hematopoietic cells and E-rosette-positive T cells by treatment with @entity1460 lectin and @entity742 erythrocytes (SBA-E-BM). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the @entity2902 + cells were contained almost entirely within the lymphoblastoid gate of the @entity2772 -cultured marrow. @entity2902 was undetectable on freshly isolated marrow and less than 10% @entity2902 + cells could be detected following liquid culture at 37 degrees C in the presence of 10% human serum, 10% fetal calf serum, or under serum-free conditions. Addition of @entity2772 (100 U/ml) significantly increased the expression of @entity2902 to 37%, 31%, and 24%, respectively. @entity2902 could also be induced by @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), but no @entity2902 was detectable following exposure to @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ), @entity1192 ), @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ), or @entity1199 . Expression of @entity2902 was dependent on the dose of @entity2772 or @entity2841 added and was maximal within 24 h of exposure. Two-color immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that @entity2902 was not expressed by cells of lymphoid lineage or by mature monocytes, but rather was present on cells that coexpressed @entity10793 , @entity1116 , @entity2280 , MY8, and HLA-DR, and that lacked @entity5750 or @entity9536 , thus placing the @entity2902 + cells at or near the myeloblast stage of differentiation. An identical phenotype was found for @entity2902 + cells induced by @entity2841 . @entity1880 completely inhibited the @entity2772 -induced expression of @entity2902 , indicating the necessity for protein synthesis, and although most of the @entity2902 + cells were in G0/G1 phase, 25% of the cells were in S or G2M phase, indicating that receptor expression was not cell-cycle dependent. The @entity3647 chain of @entity2902 was not detected on the @entity2902 + cells. @entity2772 was also found to directly induce @entity2902 in greater than 46% of SBA-E-BM enriched for @entity2280 + cells by panning. Consistent with the expression of only @entity2902 @entity2902 , the functional activity of @entity1199 on enriched @entity2280 + cells exposed to @entity2772 could not be demonstrated in either granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) assays or proliferation assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Recombinant XXXX induces @entity1199 receptor expression on early myeloid cells in normal @entity1 bone marrow.

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['M-CSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Gene) :: ['interleukin 3']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1760 support to small bowel resection @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: Incidence and treatment of @entity1272 in @entity1 with extensive small bowel resection. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Metabolic Unit of the University Hospital Medical School of Ribeir  o Preto, University of S  o Paulo, Brazil. @entity1 : Fifteen @entity1 with extensive small bowel resection who developed @entity5277 . MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Serum @entity1760 control of @entity1 with bowel resection. Replacement of @entity1760 when low values were found. RESULTS: Initial serum @entity1760 values were obtained 21 to 180 days after surgery. @entity1272 [serum @entity1760 below 1.5 mEq/l (SD 0.43)] was detected in 40% of the @entity1 [1,19 mEq/l (SD 0.22)]. During the follow-up period, 66% of the @entity1 presented at least two values below reference (1.50 mEq/l). 40% increased their serum values after @entity1760 therapy. CONCLUSION: Metabolic control of serum @entity1760 should be followed up after extensive small bowel resection. @entity1272 may be found and should be controlled.

title: @entity1272 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia', 'Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity5277 :: (MESH:D012778,Disease) :: ['short bowel syndrome']


abstract: We demonstrate here the visualization of @entity1 @entity2 @entity3 live and in process in @entity19 by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. The @entity1 @entity2220 cell line Anip 973 stably transfected with the humanized GFP- @entity44636 cDNA was selected for very bright green fluorescence. GFP-transfected @entity2 cells were initially inoculated subcutaneously in @entity19 . Five weeks after transplantation, the resulting @entity5 had reached over 1 cm in diameter and had very bright GFP fluorescence. Fragments of subcutaneous @entity5 were implanted onto the visceral pleura of the left lung of @entity19 by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) of histologically-intact tissue via transverse thoracotomy. The ipsilateral resulting @entity5 was highly fluorescent due to GFP expression. GFP expression allowed the visualization of the advancing margin of the @entity5 into the fresh normal lung tissue. Lymphogenous and direct-seeding metastases in the pulmonary hilum, cervical lymph nodes, the @entity6830 and contralateral pleural cavity and contralateral lung in the SOI-treated @entity19 were brightly visualized by GFP expression in fresh tissue. GFP-transfected and untransfected @entity5 had similar metastatic characteristics suggesting that GFP expression had no effect on @entity3 itself. The results with the GFP-transfected @entity5 cells, combined with the use of SOI, demonstrate a fundamental advance in the visualization and study of @entity2 @entity3 in process.

title: Metastatic patterns of XXXX visualized live and in process by green fluorescence protein expression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ipsilateral tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity44636 :: ('p|SUB|S|65|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S65T']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this project was to investigate incidence, risk factors, histologic findings, and mortality rate of posttraumatic @entity2679 requiring surgical treatment. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit of an urban @entity130 center between April 1998 and January 2005. Data from the hospital and intensive care documentation systems databases and @entity1 ' charts were reviewed. All @entity1 with @entity2679 treated by cholecystectomy were selected for further study. Potential risk factors, diagnostic, and histologic findings were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity2679 was a fairly frequent finding in critically ill @entity130 @entity1 (67 of 2,625 @entity1 , 2.6%). Almost 10% of the @entity1 with severe @entity1230 developed @entity2679 . Histologic findings showed a wide variation; three main diagnoses were established: acute @entity7140 (n = 28), chronic @entity7140 (n = 25), and @entity2679 with @entity9975 (n = 13). @entity1 with acute @entity7140 and chronic @entity7140 were significantly younger and had significantly higher injury severity scores than @entity1 with either @entity2679 with @entity9975 or without @entity2679 . Noninvasive diagnostic tools such as ultrasonographic signs and laboratory data did not correlate with histologic diagnosis. Well-timed cholecystectomy within 24 hours after clinical suspicion lead to a 4.4% mortality rate in this group of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity2679 after @entity130 is not a uniform disease. Although @entity130 severity seems to play an important role in the development or exacerbation of @entity7140 or both, @entity9975 may play a significant role in @entity1 with moderate to minor @entity130 . Intensivists should be aware of this complication in critically ill @entity130 @entity1 because it seems to occur more frequently than previously assumed. Diagnosis can only be made if clinical signs, laboratory data, and ultrasonographic findings are taken into consideration. If posttraumatic @entity2679 is treated in an early stage by cholecystectomy, mortality rate remains low.

title: @entity2679 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9975 :: ('MESH:D041761', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis', 'Cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Obese, postmenopausal @entity1 have lower FSH levels. To determine whether this is due to higher @entity172 exposure, we compared feedback gonadotropin sensitivity and its relation to @entity2690 resistance in four groups of @entity28 and lean, postmenopausal @entity1 . Group one was treated with 400 mg @entity4506 (TG) daily for two weeks; 150 @entity4082 (CC) was added daily for the second week. Group two received 150 mg CC daily for a week. Group three received 1000 mg @entity2449 (MET) daily for two weeks, with 120 mg @entity441 (RAL) added during the second week. Group four received 120 mg RAL for a week. Before and after each period, a serum pool was obtained from samples taken every minute during a 10 ml interval. The @entity1 recruited for this study were categorized as @entity28 or lean based on BMI >/= 29 or BMI < 29, respectively. Obese, menopausal @entity1 had lower FSH (45.5 IU/l) and LH (16.2 IU/l) values than those of lean (64.1 IU/l and 23.0 IU/l), but the @entity28 menopausal @entity1 had higher leptin, DHEAS, @entity413 , @entity2690 , and HOMA-IR levels. Log [FSH] was associated with BMI (r = -0.53, P < 0.000001) and number of pregnancies (r = -0.37, P = 0.0009). TG treatment did not change HOMA-IR or gonadotropin levels, but DHEAS and @entity2671 levels decreased significantly. CC alone or together with TG, diminished FSH (-7.9 and -9.2) and LH (-2.5 and -3.6) concentrations, with a greater reduction in lean @entity1 . MET reduced @entity413 and the HOMA-IR index without affecting gonadotropin or @entity134 levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 , menopausal @entity1 have lower FSH levels due to greater @entity172 exposure, by mechanisms unrelated to @entity2690 resistance.

title: Gonadotropins at menopause: the influence of XXXX , @entity2690 resistance, and @entity172 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4506 :: ('MESH:C057693', 'Chemical') :: ['troglitazone']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: A newborn @entity1 with @entity5714 and @entity828 was treated by phototherapy for @entity1087 . After 18 h, a dark brown pigmentation of the skin was noticed, leading to the assumption of a @entity9595 . Indeed, the @entity1 was suffering from a severe disturbance of liver function. 4 days later, a severe @entity272 with blody imbibition developed, covering all exposed parts of the body surface and reoccurring in many bursts over several weeks despite protection against light. A severe @entity5714 was constantly present. The baby died on the 50th day. The diagnosis of @entity12563 was suggested immediately after the onset of the bullous exanthema and proved by laboratory data as follows: uro- and @entity10474 in the urine were extremely high, @entity10475 being mainly of type-I isomer. In red cells, increased amounts of uro-, copro- and protoporphyrins were detected. Massive red fluorescence of erythroblasts (so-called porphyroblasts) in the bone marrow and in the blood could be observed. At autopsy, the liver showed multiple blood-forming areas and severe @entity5437 , which is to be explained by a long existing, i.e. fetal @entity2142 . @entity12563 is such a rare disease that there is no reason to consider it as a general contraindication for phototherapy.

title: [Severe light XXXX following photo therapy in a newborn @entity1 with congenital erythropoietic urophyria].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity12563 :: ('MESH:D017092', 'Disease') :: ['erythropoietic porphyria', 'Erythropoietic porphyria']

entities_list: @entity5437 :: ('MESH:D006486', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hemosiderosis']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['early jaundice']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity10474 :: ('CHEBI:23388', 'Chemical') :: ['coproporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['bullous dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity10475 :: ('CHEBI:27259', 'Chemical') :: ['uroporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['bronze baby syndrome']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['dermatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An altered production of cytokines underlies @entity29 ( @entity29 ) susceptibility. Various polymorphisms at the @entity688 and @entity310 gene promoters control cytokine production levels. The influence of these polymorphisms on susceptibility to @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and their association with clinical features were analyzed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Genetic polymorphisms of @entity310 ( @entity15646 ) and @entity688 ( @entity28707 , @entity55962 , and @entity28709 ) were determined using the LightCycler system with hybridization probes matched with one sequence variant. The study population included 99 @entity31 @entity1 , 146 @entity30 @entity1 , and 343 matched controls. RESULTS: We did not find association between @entity310 or @entity688 gene polymorphisms and @entity31 or @entity30 susceptibility, though a slight influence of -1082*G allele in @entity31 appearance was observed. In a stratified analysis, a highly significant association between the -1082 AA @entity688 genotype and the @entity134 dependency was observed in @entity29 (p < 0.0001), contributing both @entity31 (p = 0.004) and @entity30 (p = 0.003) to this association. In contrast, @entity310 genotypes did not influence @entity134 dependency in @entity29 . Further, the contribution of cytokine genotypes and of clinical features to the appearance of @entity134 -dependent status (dependent variable) was studied by multivariate analysis. The @entity134 -dependent phenotype correlated in @entity31 with @entity66 (p = 0.010) and with the low producer -1082 AA @entity688 genotype (p = 0.002) and in @entity30 with penetrating disease (p = 0.010), @entity625 (p = 0.011), and the -1082 AA @entity688 genotype (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The main conclusion is that carriage of the -1082 AA @entity688 genotype (low producer) is a relevant risk factor for developing @entity134 -dependent @entity29 .

title: @entity310 and XXXX gene polymorphisms in @entity29 . Association of -1082 AA low producer @entity688 genotype with @entity134 dependency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: @entity146 ( @entity146 ) is a diagnosis made by a physician who takes into account the computer output of quantitative analysis of mammograms. @entity146 schemes in mammography have been developed to detect lesions such as clustered microcalcifications and masses, and also to distinguish between benign and @entity5 . Computerized schemes are composed of three major steps which are image processing, quantitation of image features, and data classification. The current performance level of detecting clustered microcalcifications by computer is approximately 85% at a false positive rate of 0.5 per mammogram, whereas the detection accuracy of masses is approximately 90% at a false positive rate of 2 per mammogram. Observer performance studies indicated that computer output can improve the performance of radiologists in detecting clustered microcalcifications by increasing the dtection accuracy to 90% from 80% at a specificity of 90%. The automated classification of clustered microcalcifications is based on quantitative analysis of image features of individual microcalcifications and cluster, followed by artificial neural networks (ANNs) for data classification. With our database, the computer scheme correctly identified 82% of @entity1 with benign lesions, all of whom had biopsies (ie, the radiologist thought the microcalcifications were suspicious for @entity5 ), and 100% of @entity1 with @entity5 . On the same set of images, the average of five radiologists was only 27% correct in classifying lesions as benign at 100% sensitivity. The automated classification of masses is made by the quantitation of image features of masses together with a rule-based and ANNs method for data classification. The computer scheme achieved, at 100% sensitivity, a positive predictive value of 83%, which was 12% higher than that of the experienced mammographer and 21% higher than that of the average of less experienced mammographers. The first prototype intelligent workstation for mammography was developed at the University of Chicago, and applied to approximately 12000 screening cases for the detection of early @entity0 . Promising initial results were obtained with the workstation.

title: Computer-Aided Diagnosis of XXXX on Mammograms.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Computer-aided diagnosis', 'CAD']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To localize @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) and @entity9205 in synovial specimens in relation to their @entity319 and @entity7802 receptors in blood and lymphatic vessels. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining and messenger RNA analysis from control and arthritic synovial membrane specimens. RESULTS: Quantitative RT-PCR disclosed that @entity9961 mRNA copy numbers were higher than @entity9205 mRNA copy numbers in the @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity571 , and control @entity1 groups studied (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining localized @entity9961 to synovial lining cell layer, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. The number of @entity9961 positive cells was increased in the synovial lining of @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) and @entity309 compared to control synovium. However, in contrast to control synovial lining, little if any @entity9205 was detected in @entity1691 or @entity309 synovial lining. @entity319 expressing stromal blood vessels, also positive for the vascular endothelial marker PAL-E and the basement membrane marker laminin, were more abundant in @entity309 and @entity1691 than in controls. Interestingly, the lymphatic endothelial receptor @entity7802 was also expressed in most synovial vessels, especially in the sublining capillaries and venules. CONCLUSION: @entity9961 is strongly expressed in the @entity1184 , whereas @entity9205 expression is very low in @entity1691 and @entity309 . The expression of @entity9961 and @entity9205 in pericytes and smooth muscle cells suggests that these factors may have a role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The VEGF receptors @entity319 and @entity7802 are present in most of the sublining blood vessels. The expression of the lymphatic marker @entity7802 in the sublining blood vessels may relate to fluid filtration and/or fenestrations. The relatively few lymphatic vessels along with increased vascular permeability in @entity309 may contribute to the development of tissue @entity4 and @entity2720 .

title: XXXX and their VEGFR-2 and 3 receptors in blood and lymphatic vessels in healthy and arthritic synovium.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic synovial lining of arthritic joints']

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-C', 'vascular endothelial growth factor C']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint stiffness']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity9961 :: (7424,Gene) :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factors C and D']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the effect of inlay implantation on corneal shape, assessing the changes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and a customized image analysis software. METHODS: Thirteen @entity95 eyes were operated on, with positive-powered @entity735 serving as flap-only controls. Cross-sectional OCT images were obtained using Optovue preoperatively, and 1 hour, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. Topography maps were obtained preoperatively using Medmont E300. Image analysis software was built to extract corneal thickness and radius of curvature. Anterior corneal radius of curvature values obtained from the OCT images were compared with the corneal topography maps to assess the validity of the method. RESULTS: Corneal thickness increased more than predicted immediately after the implantation. However, by 1 month, it matched closer to the added thickness of the corneal inlays. An overall pattern of epithelial thinning was observed of up to 25% at 1 month. The anterior corneal surface had steepened up to 15% at 1 month, whereas inconsistent changes for the posterior corneal surface were observed. CONCLUSIONS: After corneal inlay implantation, an immediate response was observed in the @entity267 . Corneal swelling because of surgical @entity130 was the most likely cause for the observed thickening of the @entity267 up to 1 week. By 1 month, the epithelial layer measured thinner for most eyes. Most of the added thickness was transferred to the central anterior corneal surface, causing steepening at 1 month. The anterior corneal radius of curvature values obtained from OCT images were in broad agreement with Medmont topography.

title: The effect of inlay implantation on corneal thickness and radius of curvature in XXXX eyes.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['corneal inlays implanted into 11 eyes and 2 eyes']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The mutant TC 7 of @entity958 . has been reported to be starch-free and still exhibit root gravitropism (T. Caspar and B. G. Pickard 1989, Planta 177, 185-197). This is not consistent with the hypothesis that plastid starch has a statolith function in gravity perception. In the present study, initial light microscopy using the same mutant showed apparently starch-free statocytes. However, ultrastructural examination detected residues of amyloplast starch grains in addition to the starch-depleted amyloplasts. Applying a point-counting morphometric method, the starch grains in the individual amyloplasts in the mutant were generally found to occupy more than 20% and in a few cases up to 60% of the amyloplast area. In the @entity164 ( @entity164 ) the starch occupied on average 98% of the amyloplast area and appeared as densely packed grains. The amyloplasts occupied 13.9% of the area of the statocyte in the mutant and 23.3% of the statocyte area in the @entity164 . Sedimentation of starch-depleted amyloplasts in the mutant was not detected after 40 min of inversion while in the @entity164 the amyloplasts sedimented at a speed of 6 micrometers h-1. The gravitropic reactivity and the curvature pattern were also examined in the @entity164 and the mutant. The time-courses of root curvature in the @entity164 and the mutant showed that when cultivated under standard conditions for 60 h in darkness, the curvatures were 83 degrees and 44 degrees, respectively, after 25 h of continuous stimulation in the horizontal position. The @entity164 roots curved significantly more rapidly and with a more normal gravitropic pattern than those of the mutant. These results are discussed in relation to the results previously obtained with the mutant and with respect to the starch-statolith hypothesis.

title: Gravitropism and starch statoliths in an XXXX mutant.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radius @entity174 are frequent in adults, and the long-term results of conservative treatment remain disappointing. This study examines predictors for the clinical outcome in the initial radiograph. This will help to identify @entity1 who will benefit from surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort study including a standardized telephone interview (Cooney score) was used to identify all conservatively treated @entity1 with a @entity174 over a five-year period. The additional selection criteria were: over 15 years old, initial X-ray available, @entity1 reachable by phone for the follow-up interview. The following measurements were taken from the initial radiograph: radius-base angle, radial shortening, radiopalmar angle and intraarticular displacement. Correlations and a simple test to predict negative outcome were computed. RESULTS: Of the initially identified 2211 @entity1 with @entity174 , 179 also fulfilled the other criteria. The @entity1 were 56.2 years old on average (standard deviation SD = +/- 22.45 years) and 72 % were female. 60 % of the @entity174 were on the right side. The average follow-up was 4.3 years (SD +/- 1.66). The Cooney score results averaged 85 points (with 100 being the optimal and maximum score), indicating good or very good functional results in the long term follow-up for 61 % of @entity1 . However, 31 % received a rating of fair or poor and therefore had an unfavorable outcome. With respect to the correlations, age and shortening of the radius (but not gender) had a significant influence on the functional result. Using an age of 75 years or above and a radial shortening of at least 4 mm to predict an unfavorable outcome, the sensitivity is only 16 %, but the positive predictive value is 73 % and the specificity is 96 %. CONCLUSION: In the analysis of the initial radiographs after @entity174 , age and radial shortening primarily correlate with functional results after four years after conservative treatment. Using the values age > or = 75 and radial shortening > or = 4 mm, it is possible to predict an unfavorable functional outcome with a positive predictive value of 73 %. This could aid in the indication of operative treatment.

title: [Complaints in the follow-up of conservatively treated distal radius XXXX --predictors in the initial radiograph].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal radius fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) is common in @entity130 @entity1 , and accurate diagnosis of @entity2489 may improve survival. With the risk of development of bacterial resistance, we also strive to minimize the use of unnecessary antibiotics. Recent studies suggest that quantitative deep endotracheal aspirate (QDEA) is adequate in @entity2489 diagnosis. We currently use bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of QDEA as compared with BAL in diagnosing @entity2489 in @entity130 @entity1 . METHODS: We prospectively compared the results of BAL and QDEA in intubated @entity1 suspected of having @entity2489 during an 8-month period. Indication for BAL was pulmonary infiltrate, systemic @entity32 , and @entity1851 >17 mg/dL at > or =48 hours after admission. Study @entity1 underwent QDEA immediately before BAL, and quantitative cultures were compared for both specimens. The techniques differ in that QDEA involves the direct culture of sputum suctioned from the distal @entity825 , whereas BAL involves lavage of the bronchoalveolar tree with sterile saline, which is then cultured. @entity2489 was diagnosed on BAL if > or =10(5) cfu/mL was present on culture. The ability of QDEA to diagnose @entity55 was examined at cutoffs of > or =10(5) cfu/mL and > or =10(4) cfu/mL, as compared with BAL at > or =10(5). RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity1 underwent BAL during this period, and 39 of these underwent both BAL and QDEA for the study. Of the 39 studied @entity1 between March 16, 2002, and November 4, 2002, 20 (51%) were found to have @entity2489 by @entity8309 (> or =10(5) cfu/mL). Using this cutoff for QDEA, 18 of 20 (90%) would have been correctly diagnosed. Using > or =10 cfu/mL for QDEA, the rate of correct diagnosis would increase to 19 of 20 (95%). However, of the 19 who did not have @entity55 according to BAL, 6 (31%) would have been incorrectly diagnosed with @entity2489 using the QDEA cutoff of > or =10(5) cfu/mL. A QDEA cutoff of > or =10 (4) cfu/mL would result in the even higher false-positive rate of 8 of 19 @entity1 (42%). CONCLUSION: Whereas most @entity1 with @entity55 by BAL would have been diagnosed by QDEA, use of QDEA in treatment decisions would have led to needless antibiotic administration in 31% of @entity2489 -negative @entity1 at a cutoff of > or =10(5) cfu/mL and 42% at > or =10(4) cfu/mL. The use of QDEA in @entity2489 diagnosis is limited because of the rate of over-diagnosis. With the increasing problems associated with excess antibiotic use, we believe these results support the use of BAL over QDEA in the diagnosis of @entity2489 in the ventilated @entity130 @entity1 .

title: Prospective comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage and quantitative deep tracheal aspirate in the diagnosis of ventilator associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Chronic @entity158 is the most common long-term complication after open @entity169 . Traditional surgical management of the associated @entity9 consists of injection therapy followed by groin exploration, mesh removal, and nerve transection. The resultant @entity154 may be difficult to repair from an anterior approach. We evaluate the outcomes of a combined laparoscopic and open approach for the treatment of chronic @entity158 following open inguinal herniorrhaphy. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent groin exploration for @entity9 after a prior open @entity169 were prospectively analyzed. @entity1 demographics, type of prior @entity547 repair, and prior nonoperative therapies were recorded. The operation consisted of a standard three trocar laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal @entity547 repair, followed by groin exploration, mesh removal, and nerve transection. Outcome measures included recurrent @entity158 , @entity1183 , @entity547 , and complications. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (11 male and 1 female) with a mean age of 41 years (range 29-51) underwent combined laparoscopic and open treatment for chronic @entity158 . Ten @entity1 complained of @entity9 , one @entity1 had bilateral complaints, and one @entity1 complained of orchalgia. All @entity1 failed at least two attempted percutaneous nerve blocks. Prior repairs included Lichtenstein (n=9), McVay (n=1), plug and patch (n=1), and Shouldice (n=1). There were no intraoperative complications or wound @entity281 . With a minimum of 6 weeks follow up, all @entity1 were significantly improved. One @entity1 complained of intermittent minor discomfort that required no further therapy. Two @entity1 had persistent @entity1183 in the ilioinguinal nerve distribution but remained satisfied with the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: A combined laparoscopic and open approach for postherniorrhaphy @entity158 results in good to excellent @entity1 satisfaction with no perioperative morbidity. It may be the preferred technique for the definitive management of @entity9 after prior open @entity547 repair.

title: Combined open and laparoscopic approach to chronic pain following open XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hernia defect']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['groin pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernia recurrence']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia', 'chronic neuralgia', 'unilateral neuralgia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: Cyclophilin and @entity1140 binding protein (FKBP) accelerate cis-trans peptidyl- @entity10783 isomerization and bind to and mediate the effects of the immunosuppressants @entity205 and @entity1140 . The normal cellular functions of these proteins, however, are unknown. We altered the active sites of @entity12572 and @entity53014 from the @entity375 @entity375 by introducing mutations previously reported to inactivate these enzymes. Surprisingly, most of these mutant enzymes were biologically active in vivo. In accord with previous reports, all of the mutant enzymes had little or no detectable @entity10783 isomerase activity in the standard peptide substrate-chymotrypsin coupled in vitro assay. However, in a variation of this assay in which the protease is omitted, the mutant enzymes exhibited substantial levels of @entity10783 isomerase activity (5-20% of wild-type), revealing that these mutations confer sensitivity to protease digestion and that the classic in vitro assay for @entity10783 isomerase activity may be misleading. In addition, the mutant enzymes exhibited near wild-type activity with two protein substrates, @entity9796 reductase and ribonuclease T1, whose folding is accelerated by @entity10783 isomerases. Thus, a number of cyclophilin and @entity12572 "active-site" mutants previously identified are largely active but protease sensitive, in accord with our findings that these mutants display wild-type functions in vivo. One @entity53014 mutant ( @entity53015 ), and also the wild-type @entity1 @entity12572 enzyme, catalyze protein folding in vitro but lack biological activity in vivo in @entity375 . Our findings provide evidence that both @entity10783 isomerase activity and other structural features are linked to FKBP and cyclophilin in vivo functions and suggest caution in the use of these active-site mutations to study FKBP and cyclophilin functions.

title: Functions of @entity12572 and XXXX active site residues in vitro and in vivo in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity53015 :: ('p|SUB|R|73|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R73A']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity53014 :: ('10105', 'Gene') :: ['mitochondrial cyclophilin']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity53014 :: (10105,Gene) :: ['mitochondrial cyclophilin']


abstract: Growth-regulated oncogene alpha ( @entity2851 ), a member of the chemokine superfamily, is commonly expressed in transformed cells and contributes to angiogenesis and @entity105 . Here, we report that increased @entity2851 levels are detected in the plasma and ascites of @entity43 @entity1 . @entity43 cell lines in culture express and secrete @entity2851 . However, when they are starved in serum-free medium, @entity43 cells ceased producing @entity2851 , suggesting that @entity2851 is not constitutively expressed but rather is produced in response to exogenous growth factors in @entity43 cells. The prototype peptide growth factors present in serum such as platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, and insulin do not stimulate @entity2851 production by @entity43 cells. In contrast, @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ), a @entity653 backbone phospholipid mediator present in serum and ascites of @entity43 @entity1 , is a potent inducer of @entity2851 expression in @entity43 cell lines. Treatment of @entity43 cells with @entity4991 leads to transcriptional activation of the @entity2851 gene promoter and robust accumulation of @entity2851 protein in culture supernatants. The action of @entity4991 on @entity2851 expression is mediated by @entity4991 receptors, particularly the @entity4991 (2) receptor in that ectopic expression of these receptors restores the @entity4991 -dependent @entity2851 production in nonresponsive cells. Down-regulation of @entity4991 (2) expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in @entity43 cells desensitizes @entity2851 production in response to @entity4991 . The effect of serum on @entity2851 production is also significantly decreased by siRNA inhibition of @entity4991 (2) expression. These studies identify @entity4991 as a primary regulator of @entity2851 expression in @entity43 .

title: XXXX is a major regulator of growth-regulated oncogene alpha in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity447 experts have recommended that screening tools should be introduced into clinical practice to assess @entity1 ' needs and perceptions. PURPOSE: The present work aims to describe the development of a brief instrument for the assessment of subjective well-being of @entity1 with @entity447 within an international study involving @entity1 from 10 countries. METHODS: Several steps were implemented toward achieving this objective: (1) literature review; (2) semistructured interviews in different Ibero-American countries; (3) exploratory qualitative content analysis of the interviews; (4) definition of the construct being evaluated; (5) generation of preliminary items; (6) interjudgment ratings of the items, by both @entity1 and experts, to assess comprehension and review items; and (7) psychometric testing of an international sample of 342 @entity1 with @entity447 . RESULTS: Exploratory qualitative study allowed the development of an initial pool of items which address salient life domains related to well-being. Interjudgment ratings led to improvements in the wording and comprehensibilty of the preliminary pool of questions. Psychometric testing allowed items to be reviewed according to empirical criteria. The assessment of the underlying structure of the questionnaire by exploratory factor analysis (generalized least squares) showed a unidimensional model explaining 59.7 % of variance. Adequate internal consistency (0.91) and test-retest reliability (0.82) were observed for the instrument. Associations with other outcome measures and clinical indicators also provided a range of evidence for the instrument's validity. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a new disease-specific tool which is able to assess subjective well-being in @entity447 @entity1 .The instrument is available in Spanish, Portuguese (Brazilian), and English language versions for use in future research.

title: Development and psychometric testing of the XXXX Well-being Index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'Hemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['Hemophilia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To isolate @entity5618 from a vaginal strain of @entity9206 . METHODS: @entity9206 160 was grown on two media. The first was @entity7748 broth for 18 hours; the cells were harvested, washed, and placed into a chemically defined medium. The second medium resembled vaginal fluid minus protein. @entity5618 was precipitated from both media using @entity1329 . The growth-inhibiting activity of @entity5618 was determined by a bioassay using nine different isolates of @entity8439 . RESULTS: @entity7748 broth is not a suitable medium for extracting @entity5618 , because it binds with @entity9266 . @entity5618 was isolated, without contaminating constituents, from chemically defined medium and identified as a single band by electrophoresis. @entity5618 has a molecular weight of 3.8 kDa. All nine isolates of @entity8439 were inhibited by the @entity5618 isolated from @entity9206 160. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5618 produced by @entity9206 160 was isolated from the chemically defined medium (starvation medium) in a partially pure form. @entity9206 160 @entity5618 inhibited growth of all nine isolates of @entity8439 .

title: Antimicrobial protein produced by vaginal XXXX that inhibits @entity8439 .

entities_list: @entity8439 :: ('2702', 'Species') :: ['Gardnerella', 'Gardnerella vaginalis']

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['Bacteriocin', 'bacteriocin']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus', 'L. acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity9206 :: (1579,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']


abstract: @entity146 were searched for in 52 @entity1 with primary @entity244 ( @entity244 ). 40 @entity1 were evaluated with a detailed neurologic history and physical examination and determination of terminal latencies and nerve conduction velocities of all limbs. Nineteen of them, plus another 12 primary @entity244 @entity1 were evaluated for hostility structure and @entity146 symptoms, using the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and the Symptoms Check List-90R (SCL-90R) respectively and the results were compared with those of 33 healthy @entity1 and 41 @entity5 @entity1 . Three @entity1 had face @entity1183 and/or @entity1183 indicating trigeminal involvement. Ten had mild sensory or mixed @entity16 of the glove-stocking type. None of our @entity1 volunteered peripheral nervous system (PNS) symptoms nor did we detect central nervous system (CNS) involvement in any of them. One @entity1 with @entity4125 , @entity631 and @entity14033 presented with severe @entity4216 multiplex. High levels of introverted hostility were reported by @entity244 @entity1 in relation to the other two groups. In addition, higher scores on @entity10963 , @entity2531 and obsessive @entity3119 were found in @entity244 @entity1 compared to the rest but no correlation was found between @entity146 symptomatology and @entity16 . It is suggested that @entity1897 is relatively common and benign in most primary @entity244 @entity1 , @entity146 , sometimes serious, are also common, but CNS involvement must be rather rare.

title: @entity146 in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypesthesia', 'numbness']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['compulsiveness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric abnormalities', 'psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['PNS disease']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ['SS', "Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuritis']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid ideation']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Sj  gren's syndrome']


abstract: @entity8324 is a @entity74 manifested by the development of @entity1290 . Three subtypes of the disease have been described, based on urinary excretion of @entity1434 and the dibasic @entity1522 in heterozygotes, and oral loading tests in homozygotes. @entity8324 is very common among Libyan Jews living in Israel. Recently, we mapped the disease-causing gene in Libyan Jews to 19q, and have shown a very strong founder effect. In this report we present the results of biochemical and clinical studies performed on Libyan Jewish @entity8324 @entity1 and members of their families. High levels of @entity1434 and the dibasic @entity1522 in heterozygotes support previous data that @entity8324 in Libyan Jews is a non-type I disease. Oral loading tests performed with @entity376 showed some degree of intestinal absorption, but less than in normal controls. Previous criteria for determining the disease type, based solely on urinary @entity535 levels, proved useless due to a very wide range of @entity1434 and the dibasic @entity1522 excreted by the heterozygotes. Urinary @entity1434 levels were useful in distinguishing between unaffected relatives and heterozygotes, but were unhelpful in differentiating between heterozygotes and homozygotes. Urinary levels of @entity7222 or @entity369 , and the sum of urinary @entity1434 and the dibasic @entity1522 , could distinguish between the last two groups. Among stone formers, 90% were homozygotes and 10% were heterozygotes; 15% of the homozygotes were asymptomatic.

title: Biochemical and clinical studies in Libyan Jewish @entity8324 XXXX and their relatives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity8324 :: ('MESH:D003555', 'Disease') :: ['cystinuria', 'Cystinuria']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorder']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the neuropathological diagnoses of longitudinally followed @entity1 with potentially reversible causes of @entity303 and to examine the results of the " @entity303 work-up," especially neuroimaging, by comparison with the pathological diagnosis. DESIGN: A neuropathologic series of 61 consecutive @entity1 , with review of clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, and pathological results. RESULTS: Of the 61 @entity1 , forty-eight (79%) had a clinical diagnosis of probable or possible @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Compared with the pathological diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of the clinical diagnosis of @entity195 were 96% and 79%, respectively. Of the 61 @entity1 , 9 had abnormal laboratory tests, the correction of which did not improve the subsequent course. These @entity1 were found to have @entity12473 and @entity4943 on pathology. In two @entity1 , neuroimaging was helpful in the clinical diagnoses of @entity4943 and @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ). Neuroimaging revealed @entity66 in 18 @entity1 , only two of whom were suspected clinically. Pathology confirmed @entity195 in 17 and @entity7463 in 1 of these @entity1 . Sensitivity and specificity for the clinical diagnosis of @entity66 in comparison with pathology were 6% and 98%, respectively. With the added information from neuroimaging, that sensitivity increased to 59% and specificity decreased to 81%. CONCLUSIONS: All cases with abnormal laboratory or neuroimaging results had @entity195 or some other @entity179 on pathology. The " @entity303 work-up" did not reveal any reversible causes for @entity303 in this group of @entity1 . Neuroimaging may have a role, especially in the diagnosis of possible @entity195 with @entity66 .

title: The role of routine laboratory studies and neuroimaging in the diagnosis of XXXX : a clinicopathological study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant cerebrovascular disease', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy', 'PSP']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: @entity4847 have been well described in the gastrointestinal tract and other mucosal sites. In a series of mucosal biopsies, we have encountered a distinct subset of mucosal @entity1263 characterized by small epithelioid cells and a benign clinical course. Such epithelioid nerve @entity5 have been observed as a component of a larger study of @entity14 ," but herein we describe them in detail. A series of 7 of these lesions detected on mucosal biopsies (6 colonic, 1 bladder) was received by a single large institution in consultation material. The histologic and clinicopathologic features of the cases were reviewed. The mean age at presentation was 58.6 years with a slight female predominance (4 females, 3 males). Five of the @entity1049 were from the left colon and one from the right colon. The bladder biopsy was from the bladder neck. All of the @entity1049 were discovered as small (0.2-1.0 cm) @entity1127 during the time of colonoscopy (3 at the time of routine screening, 2 for the workup of occult blood in the stool). The bladder neck mass was seen on bladder ultrasound after the @entity1 presented with @entity3556 . None of the @entity1 had a known history of @entity4786 . Histologically, the lesions showed an infiltrative growth pattern and were composed of spindled to predominantly epithelioid cells arranged in nests and whorls. The epicenters of the lesions were located in the lamina propria and extended to the superficial submucosa. The proliferating cells had uniform round to oval nuclei with frequent intranuclear pseudoinclusions and @entity1712 fibrillary cytoplasm. No mitoses were seen. All lesions expressed diffuse S-100 protein, and 3 of 5 lesions stained showed @entity2280 labeling in supporting cells. All were negative for @entity2467 . All 5 lesions tested were negative for calretenin, while SM31 showed no intralesional neuraxons. One lesion was stained for epithelial membrane antigen and was negative. One lesion was associated with superficial @entity33 , and 1 had an inflammatory infiltrate predominantly composed of eosinophils. On follow-up of 5 @entity1 , none has had any symptoms or recurrence of disease. Mucosal epithelioid nerve @entity5 are a rare entity characterized by prominent epithelioid round to oval cells with an infiltrative growth pattern. These lesions are often discovered incidentally and have a benign clinical course.

title: Mucosal benign epithelioid nerve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumors']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sheath tumors']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal erosion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal "schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['Mucosal nerve sheath tumors']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['sheath tumors']