abstract: A series of already published and unpublished seroepidemiological surveys for @entity3252 , carried out in Chile in 1982-1994, is reviewed, expanded and analyzed. The surveys included 76,317 apparently healthy individuals of different ages (0.57% of the country's total population), from 309 urban and rural-periurban localities. Urban groups were integrated by blood donors, delivering mothers and middle grade schoolchildren, while rural-periurban individuals corresponded to unselected family groups. Blood samples were collected in filter paper. The presence of antibodies to @entity3204 was determined by the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), titers > or = 16 were considered positive. The test resulted positive in 28,124 (36.9%) of the surveyed @entity1 . Two hundred and six (0.3%) individuals presented @entity1062 titers > or = 1000, probably corresponding to acute or reactivated infections. A progressive increase of positive @entity1062 from northern to southern regions of the country was noted, phenomenon probably related to geographical conditions and to a higher production and consumption of different types of meat in the latter regions. It is postulated that ingestion of @entity3204 cysts by @entity1 is epidemiologically as important as ingestion of oocysts. The result presented stress the epidemiological importance of @entity3252 in @entity1 , and warn about eventual implications in immunocompromised @entity1 and in transplacental transmission, organ transplants and transfusions.

title: Seroepidemiology of XXXX @entity3252 in Chile.

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['IHAT', 'indirect hemagglutination test']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii', 'T gondii']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the optimal cytoreduction (OPT) rate, National @entity5 Network (NCCN) treatment guideline compliance rate and @entity1 outcomes for advanced @entity43 (EOC) @entity1 at our low volume institution. METHODS: Following IRB approval, records of @entity1 with Stage III-IV EOC, primary peritoneal, or @entity6887 completing both primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were reviewed. @entity1 demographics, clinicopathologic variables, cytoreduction status (optimal or suboptimal), NCCN treatment guideline compliance, and survival were reviewed. Standard statistical tests including the t-test, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier Survival curves were utilized. RESULTS: Overall, 48 @entity1 met all inclusion criteria. 35(73%) and 13 (27%) achieved optimal and suboptimal cytoreduction, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) for all @entity1 was 37.1 months (95% CI 23.2 - 51.1 months) and NCCN treatment guideline compliance was 85.4%. Compared to sub-optimally cytoreduced @entity1 the optimally cytoreduced @entity1 were significantly older (62.2 vs. 53.5 yrs; p=0.015); no other significant clinicopathologic differences were observed between the two groups. 19 of 48 (39.6%) @entity1 enrolled in an upfront cooperative group trial. Median OS was 43.4 months for optimally compared to 15.6 months in sub-optimally cytoreduced @entity1 (p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: @entity25438 treatment guideline compliance, OPT, and median OS rates in our low volume institution are similar to those reported nationally, and argue against using volume alone as a rationale for centralization of care.

title: Surgical outcomes and national comprehensive XXXX network compliance in advanced @entity43 surgery in a low volume military treatment facility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['fallopian tube carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: This is a report on 512 @entity1 operated on for primary @entity0 in 1988 and 1989 at the Central Institute of @entity5 Research in Berlin-Buch. Most @entity1 were postmenopausal (52%), 17.7% were aged 45 to 49 years. The average duration of the symptoms was 6.1 months. 45.4% of all the @entity5 were located in the upper outer quadrant, 47.3% in the right and 52.7% in the left breast. Clinical evaluation and mammography had a sensitivity of 89%, 93.7% respectively. @entity513 were histologically proven in 319 cases, less frequently (n = 118) @entity5 . Predominant surgical procedures were the quadrantectomy with axillary dissection (33%) and the modified radical mastectomy according to Auchincloss-Madden (25.5%). In the case of medially/centrally located @entity5 and @entity1600 greater than or equal to 4 nodes independent of the @entity5 site we performed the IMN-biopsy in 129 @entity1 . The majority of the premenopausal node positive @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy (94.4%), postmenopausal node positive @entity1 with positive ER received adjuvant @entity440 . Postoperative irradiation indicated was applied in 25 @entity1 .

title: [Surgical and adjuvant therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Cancer', 'invasive lobular tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node involvement']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive ductal carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity209 can adversely affect surgical outcomes. This study evaluated the postoperative outcomes of @entity1 with @entity209 after @entity348 ( @entity348 ). A retrospective cohort study of 4751 @entity1 undergoing @entity348 was conducted with use of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2005 to 2013. @entity209 was defined as @entity101 , @entity6 , and body mass index of 30.0 kg/m(2) or greater. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for the outcomes of any @entity260 and extended length of stay. @entity1 classified as @entity28 had a significantly increased risk of extended length of stay (P=.011) compared with control subjects who were of normal weight. In the multivariable adjusted models, compared with nonobese @entity1 , those classified as @entity28 had a significantly decreased risk of @entity260 (odds ratio, 0.84, P=.020, and odds ratio, 0.82, P=.045, respectively), whereas those classified as @entity28 were less likely to have extended length of stay (odds ratio, 0.79, P=.004). @entity209 was not a significant predictor of @entity260 or extended length of stay. Morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing @entity348 have an increased risk of @entity260 and extended length of stay. Those classified as @entity28 may have a decreased risk of @entity260 and shorter length of stay. Despite the hypothesized negative effect of @entity209 on outcomes, the overall effect of @entity209 was insignificant. These results are consistent with previous studies on @entity28 in @entity1 undergoing @entity348 and may explain why recent studies have not shown differences in the rate of complications after @entity348 in @entity28 @entity1 with a body mass index of 30 to 40 mg/kg(2). [Orthopedics.2016; 39(5):309-316.].

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity28 on Complications After Shoulder Arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese I', 'obese III', 'obese I and obese II', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total shoulder arthroplasty', 'TSA']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to examine the progression of central arterial pulse pressure ( @entity8547 ) in @entity1 and the degree to which this can be reversed by nitrovasodilation. BACKGROUND: @entity8547 can be partitioned into height of the first systolic shoulder (P1), generated by a forward pressure wave and related to arterial stiffness, and augmentation pressure (AP), thought to be influenced by pressure wave reflection from muscular arteries and/or aortic reservoir. METHODS: Using a longitudinal cohort design, @entity8547 , P1, and AP were estimated (using the SphygmoCor System [AtCor Medical Pty Ltd., West Ryde, Australia]) in 411 female twins over a mean follow-up of 10.8 years. In a subsample (n = 42), @entity8547 , arterial stiffness (using pulse wave velocity [ @entity122 ]) and arterial diameters (using ultrasonography) were measured before and after @entity1242 administration (400  g s/l). RESULTS: @entity8547 increased more than peripheral pulse pressure (10.3 and 9.2 mm Hg, respectively; p < 0.0001). In @entity1 <60 years of age at follow-up, AP contributed more to the increase in @entity8547 than did P1 (increases of 6.5    6.4 mm Hg and 4.2    7.8 mm Hg, respectively). P1 was significantly positively correlated to @entity122 (p < 0.0001); AP was correlated to aorto-femoral tapering (p < 0.0001) but not @entity122 . @entity1242 reduced @entity8547 by 10.0    6.0 mm Hg (p < 0.0001), equivalent to a decade of aging. The reduction in @entity8547 was entirely explained by a decrease in AP, with no significant change in P1 or @entity122 but an increase in large artery diameters of 4% to 18% (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Age-related widening of @entity8547 is driven in large part by an increase in AP, which can be reversed by selective dilation of muscular arteries, independent of @entity122 .

title: Progression of central pulse pressure over 1 decade of aging and its reversal by XXXX a twin study.

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: @entity37821 (PL), an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arenae, is a potent inhibitor of @entity16335 dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The producer strain contains different isoforms of GAPDH: a PL-sensitive enzyme on nonproduction media and a PL-insensitive enzyme on production media. After induction of PL synthesis, the sensitive GAPDH disappears parallel to the disappearance of its activity, as shown by Western (immunoblot) hybridization. The two isoenzymes exhibit little immunological cross-reactivity and differ in size, @entity535 composition, and several @entity535 residues of their @entity1472 termini. Two different types of plasmids from a S. arenae genomic library, named pBRPLR1 and pBRPLR2, were cloned in @entity526 by selection for enhanced PL resistance. Both contain a GAPDH structural gene. Plasmid pBRPLR1 increases @entity526 PL tolerance 7-fold, and plasmid pBRPLR2 increases it 30-fold. GAPDH from pBRPLR1 transformants shows biphasic PL inactivation kinetics. These cells contain PL-sensitive GAPDH from both @entity526 and S. arenae. GAPDH from pBRPLR2 transformants tolerates higher PL concentrations than either @entity526 or S. arenae PL-sensitive GAPDH but is less resistant than S. arenae PL-insensitive GAPDH. Nondenaturing @entity2975 electrophoresis showed this GAPDH to be a hybrid of @entity526 and S. arenae PL-insensitive GAPDH. The hybrid enzyme could be purified to homogeneity. Induction of the lacZ promoter of pUC subclones of both GAPDH genes had only a small effect on raising the level of intracellular GAPDH.

title: Substitution of a @entity37821 -sensitive @entity16335 dehydrogenase by a genetically distinct resistant isoform accompanies XXXX production in Streptomyces arenae.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity37821 :: ('MESH:C017996', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentalenolactone']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity16335 :: ('MESH:D005986', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate']

answer: @entity37821 :: (MESH:C017996,Chemical) :: ['pentalenolactone']


abstract: We report the case of a @entity1 on dialysis for 13 years, including continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 11 years, who developed @entity2976 with gross peritoneal @entity730 . The @entity1 first presented with @entity490 in January 1990, when peritoneal @entity730 was detected for the first time. Her symptoms settled spontaneously and 1 year later she presented with @entity298 and @entity2616 . The @entity298 settled with antibiotics and Tenchkoff catheter removal, but the ileus persisted. She was commenced on long-term parenteral nutrition, but never recovered useful bowel function. After 8 weeks of hemodialysis and total parenteral nutrition, a further laparotomy for an acute abdomen showed what appeared to be extensive @entity1188 . She died several days later. Of significance, peritoneal @entity730 was first noted on x-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan while the @entity1 was still largely asymptomatic and before peritoneal ultrafiltration capacity was significantly impaired. Unlike other reported cases of calcifying @entity298 , @entity2976 was present and @entity730 was far more extensive. It was not associated with factors such as frequent infective @entity298 or acetate dialysate. @entity13375 was not present nor was there any abnormality of @entity78 metabolism. The outcome of this case suggests that @entity1 with recurrent or persistent bowel symptoms on long-term CAPD should have early abdominal x-ray or CT scanning to exclude @entity2976 or bowel @entity730 . If present, consideration should be given to transferring the @entity1 to another therapeutic dialysis modality if possible.

title: XXXX with gross peritoneal @entity730 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity2616 :: ('MESH:D045823', 'Disease') :: ['adynamic ileus']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['bowel infarction and peritoneal calcification']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity13375 :: ('MESH:D002115', 'Disease') :: ['Calciphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['acute peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity2976 :: (MESH:D056627,Disease) :: ['Sclerosing peritonitis']


abstract: Transitioning from work to retirement could be either beneficial or harmful for health. We investigated the association between transition to retirement and risk of @entity64 and @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We followed US Health and Retirement Study @entity1 age 50+ working full-time for pay and free of major @entity65 (n = 5422) in 1998 up to 10 years for transition to full retirement and self- or proxy-report of either @entity64 or @entity583 (CVD; 665 events). We used discrete-time survival analysis to compare the CVD incidence for the fully retired versus the full-time working population. To distinguish short-term from long-term risks, we compared the association in the first year after retirement to estimates 2+ years after retirement. In the full model adjusting for age, sex, childhood and adult SES, behavior, and co-morbidities, being retired was associated with elevated odds of CVD onset (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.90) compared to those remaining in the full-time labor force. The odds ratio for CVD incidence within the first year of retirement was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.33). From the second year post-retirement and thereafter, the retired had marginally elevated risk of CVD compared to those still working (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.91). Although confidence intervals were wide for some sub-groups, there were no significant interactions by sex or socioeconomic status. Results suggest that CVD risk is increased after retirement.

title: Transition to retirement and risk of XXXX : prospective analysis of the US health and retirement study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Axonal regeneration in peripheral nerves after injury is a complicated process. Numerous cytokines, growth factors, channels, kinases, and receptors are involved, and @entity6929 ( @entity6929 ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis subsequent to @entity128 . In this study, the effect of @entity43781 , an activator of large-conductance @entity141 -activated @entity972 channel, on functional recovery, myelinated axon growth, and immunoreactivity of @entity6929 was evaluated in @entity35 subjected to sciatic nerve @entity130 . METHOD: A total of 144 male @entity35 were divided into the following six groups (n = 24/group): group 1, sham-operated; group 2, @entity1930 without treatment; group 3, injured and vehicle-treated; group 4, injured and treated with 1 mM @entity43781 by topical application; group 5, injured and treated with 10 mM @entity43781 ; group 6, injured and treated with 50 mM @entity43781 . Functional recovery was evaluated using walking track analysis at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks (n = 6/group at each time point) after injury. In addition, the number of myelinated axons and @entity6929 in the nerve was also examined. FINDINGS: Animals subjected to sciatic nerve @entity130 had decreased motor function, a reduced number of myelinated axons, and increased @entity6929 in the nerve. Treatment with @entity43781 concentration-dependently improved functional recovery, increased the number of myelinated axons, and decreased @entity6929 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity43781 may be a novel agent for assisting peripheral nerve recovery after injury. The beneficial effect is probably due to known ability of the compound in activating the @entity842 / @entity6708 /protein kinase G pathway.

title: Assisted peripheral nerve recovery by @entity43781 , an activator of large-conductance XXXX -activated @entity972 channel, in a @entity35 model of sciatic nerve @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crush injury']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: Significant reductions in total-body @entity79 ( @entity79 ) have been reported in @entity28 @entity1 who consume very-low-calorie diets. A reduction in bone mass is highly correlated with an increased risk of @entity170 . The present study investigated whether strength training would prevent such reductions in dieters. Twenty-one healthy @entity28 @entity1 weighing (mean +/- SD) 91.1 +/- 9 kg and aged 38 +/- 9 years were randomly assigned to receive either diet alone or diet plus resistance training. Both groups consumed a 925-kcal/d portion-controlled diet for the first 16 of 17 weeks and a 1,000 to 1,500-kcal/d balanced deficit diet thereafter. Bone mineral content (BMC), @entity79 , @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), and fat mass were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before and after 24 weeks of dieting. No significant changes in total-body or lumbar spine BMC and @entity79 were observed in either condition at the end of treatment. However, both groups demonstrated a significant loss of both BMC and @entity79 in the femoral neck and greater trochanter. Diet plus resistance training was not associated with a significantly better outcome on either of these measures versus diet alone. The results suggest that increasing the energy content of very-low-calorie diets to 925 kcal/d may prevent the @entity604 , but not the loss from the femoral neck and greater trochanter. These findings raise a concern in light of the high frequency of dieting in American @entity1 .

title: Changes in bone mineral content in XXXX dieting @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['loss of total BMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fat-free mass', 'FFM']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Amplification of chromosomal region 11q13 is one of the genetic alterations most frequently observed in @entity957 ( @entity957 ). Both @entity36617 , a recently identified gene, and @entity5263 were thought as two important target oncogenes for driving 11q13 amplification, and their contributions to oral @entity105 were hypothesized. Therefore we investigated amplifications of @entity36617 and @entity5263 genes and their relations to clinicopathological variables in @entity75 ( @entity12120 ) and primary @entity957 . @entity36617 amplification, beginning from mild- @entity6349 epithelia, occurred in 33.3% of @entity12120 and 51.5% of @entity957 . @entity5263 amplification, beginning from moderate- @entity6349 epithelia, occurred in 20% of @entity12120 and 57.6% of @entity957 . Both gene amplifications were significantly related to different stages of oral @entity105 (p<0.05). During multistage @entity105 , no gene amplification was observed in normal tissue and @entity12120 while, in @entity957 with @entity3 , amplification frequency increased significantly (p<0.005). Both @entity36617 and @entity5263 amplifications were significantly associated with larger @entity5 size, presence of lymph node @entity3 , poor histological differentiation and advanced clinical stage. Our data suggested potential roles in oral @entity105 and that @entity36617 might be involved earlier than @entity5263 . Both genes might be candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in @entity957 .

title: Amplifications of @entity36617 and XXXX genes in oral @entity105 : association with clinicopathological features.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakias', 'non-dysplastic leukoplakias']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity5263 :: (2017,Gene) :: ['EMS1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The health, economic and societal burden of @entity565 is considerable, and is greatest in @entity1 with severe @entity565 , particularly when inadequately controlled. Real-life studies that assess the effectiveness of treatment are of particular interest. METHODS: We determined the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of adding omalizumab to standard therapy using data from the real-life 1-year randomized open-label study (ETOPA) and using Canada as a reference country. Only @entity1 receiving high-dose ICS plus LABA were included in the analysis, reflecting the EU label for omalizumab. Costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained were used to calculate the ICER for omalizumab (cost/QALY). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the 95% confidence interval and one-sided sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: The base case lifetime analysis of standard therapy vs standard therapy plus add-on omalizumab for the first 5 years, gave an ICER of 31,209 @entity7634 . Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that the 95% confidence interval around the ICER was 27,739-40,840 @entity7634 . The ICER range for one-way sensitivity analyses was 23,762 @entity7634 without discounting to 66,443 @entity7634 without inclusion of @entity565 -related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that add-on omalizumab therapy is cost-effective in @entity1 with severe persistent @entity56 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of omalizumab in XXXX with severe persistent @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity0 @entity1 may experience ipsilateral @entity0 relapse (IBTR) after breast conservation therapy. IBTR is classified as either true local recurrence or new ipsilateral @entity5 . The correct classification of IBTR status has significant implications in therapeutic decision-making and @entity1 management. However, the diagnostic tests to classify IBTR are imperfect and prone to misclassification. In addition, some observed survival data (e.g., time to relapse, time from relapse to @entity204 ) are strongly correlated with IBTR status. We present a Bayesian approach to model the potentially misclassified IBTR status and the correlated survival information. We conduct the inference using a Bayesian framework via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation implemented in WinBUGS. Extensive simulation shows that the proposed method corrects biases and provides more efficient estimates for the covariate effects on the probability of IBTR and the diagnostic test accuracy. Moreover, our method provides useful subject-specific @entity1 prognostic information. Our method is motivated by, and applied to, a dataset of 397 @entity0 @entity1 .

title: A Bayesian model for misclassified binary outcomes and correlated survival data with applications to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The organophosphorous nerve agent @entity4834 (GB) and the @entity2961 @entity4836 (PB) both inhibit @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ), leading to overstimulation of muscarinic receptors. Both GB and PB produce miosis through stimulation of ocular muscarinic receptors. This study investigated 2 hypotheses: (1) that the miotic response to PB would decrease following repeated injections; and (2) that repeated administration of PB would result in tolerance to the miotic effect of GB vapor. @entity35 were injected intramuscularly with saline, 0.04 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, or 1.4 mg/kg of PB twice daily for 8 consecutive days. After day 3, animals injected with 1.4 mg/kg PB developed miotic tolerance. Twenty-four (24) h following the final PB injection, the @entity35 were exposed to GB vapor (4.0 mg/m(3)). A similar magnitude of miosis was observed in all groups after GB exposure. However, the rate of recovery of pupil size in animals pretreated with 0.5 and 1.4 mg/kg PB was significantly increased. Twenty (20) h following exposure to GB vapor, the pupils of animals pretreated with 1.4 mg/kg PB had recovered to 77% +/- 4% of their pre-exposure baseline, whereas the saline-injected controls had recovered to only 52% +/- 2% of their pre-exposure baseline. The increased rate of recovery does not appear to be a result of protection of pupillary muscarinic receptors by the higher doses of PB, as there was no longer PB present in the animal at the time of GB exposure. These results demonstrate the development of tolerance to the miotic effect of PB following repeated exposures, and also suggest that cross-tolerance between PB and GB occurs. However, because the magnitude of the response was not reduced, the PB pretreatment and its associated miotic cross-tolerance does not appear to diminish the effectiveness of miosis as a biomarker of acute exposure to nerve agent vapor.

title: Development of miotic cross-tolerance between @entity4836 and XXXX vapor.

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine bromide']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity2961 :: ('CHEBI:28616', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamate']

answer: @entity4834 :: (MESH:D012524,Chemical) :: ['sarin']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare milk coagulation properties measured through a traditional mechanical device, the Formagraph (FRM; Foss Electric A/S, Hiller  d, Denmark), and a near-infrared optical device, the Optigraph (OPT; Ysebaert SA, Fr  pillon, France). Individual milk samples of 913 Brown Swiss @entity291 from 63 herds located in Trento Province (Italy) were analyzed for @entity3459 ( @entity3459 , min), curd-firming time (k(20), min), and 2 measures of curd firmness (a(30) and a(45),mm) using the 2 instruments and under identical conditions. The trial was performed in the same laboratory, by the same technician, and following the same procedures. Extending the analysis by either instrument to 90 min permitted @entity3459 and k(20) values to be obtained even for late-coagulating milk samples. Milk coagulation properties measured using the OPT differed considerably from those obtained using the FRM. The average k(20) values varied greatly (8.16 vs. 5.36 min for the OPT and the FRM, respectively), as did the a(45) figures (41.49 vs. 33.66 mm for the OPT and the FRM, respectively). The proportion of noncoagulating samples for which k(20) could be estimated differed between instruments, being less for the OPT. The between-instrument correlation coefficients were either moderate (0.48 for a(30)) or low (0.24 and 0.17 for k(20) and a(45), respectively) when the same traits were compared. The correlations between k(20) and a(45), and milk yield varied among instruments, as did the correlations between k(20), a(30), and a(45) and milk composition, and the correlations between a(45) and pH. The relative influence of days in milk on k(20) and a(45) varied, as did the effect of parity on a(45) and that of the measuring unit of coagulation meter on k(20) and a(30). The @entity3459 estimated by the OPT was the only milk coagulation property to show good agreement with the FRM-derived value, although this was not true for the data from late-coagulating samples.

title: Comparison between mechanical and near-infrared methods for assessing coagulation properties of XXXX milk.

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'rennet coagulation time']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The molecular events underlying vesicular trafficking probably involve the formation and dissolution of protein complexes between integral components of the vesicle and its target membrane. @entity21111 is associated with the plasma membrane and is a component of a core protein complex thought to be essential for neurotransmitter release. We have previously characterized a protein, hrs-2, that interacts with @entity21111 and inhibits secretion from permeabilized PC12 cells. The cellular localization and developmental expression patterns of a number of proteins involved in the secretion machinery have been documented. To understand more about the possible cellular role of hrs-2, we have examined hrs-2 distribution, developmental expression and subcellular localization in @entity35 tissues and cell lines. We show herein that the distribution of hrs-2 in brain and periphery parallels that of @entity42096 /25, and that recombinant hrs-2 binds to both @entity42096 and @entity21111 . Hrs-2 mRNA and protein are found almost ubiquitously in neurons in the brain. Hrs-2 mRNA is expressed in the neural tube at E10 and thereafter mRNA and protein levels remain relatively constant in the whole brain through adulthood. In cultured PC12 cells, endogenous hrs-2 is expressed in the cytoplasm and on the limiting membranes of multivesicular bodies. Overexpression of hrs-2 in @entity1 cells results in the appearance of large intracellular compartments that are labelled with hrs-2 antibodies. The wide distribution, the interaction with @entity42096 and the localization on multivesicular body membranes suggest a general role for hrs-2 in cellular machinery.

title: The cellular and developmental expression of hrs-2 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors previously showed that @entity1875 attenuates bronchoconstriction. Recently, a newer formulation of @entity1875 with @entity43604 preservative has been introduced. @entity43604 causes airway narrowing in asthmatics. Therefore, we tested whether the preservative @entity43604 abolishes the ability of @entity1875 to attenuate bronchoconstriction. The authors used a @entity742 model in which anesthetic agents could be directly administered to the airways via the bronchial artery. METHODS: After Internal Review Board approval, seven @entity742 were anesthetized ( @entity4485 20 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) and paralyzed ( @entity6305 2 mg), and the lungs were ventilated. After left thoracotomy, the bronchial artery was cannulated and perfused. In random order, @entity1875 with and without @entity43604 , @entity3303 (5 mg/ml), or @entity43604 alone (0.125 mg/ml) was infused into the bronchial artery at a rate of 0.06, 0.2, or 0.6 ml/min. After 10 min, airway resistance (Raw) was measured before and after vagal nerve stimulation (30 Hz, 30-ms duration at 30 V for 9 s.) and @entity2710 challenge (2 microg/ml at 2 ml/min in the bronchial artery). Data were expressed as a percent of maximal response and analyzed by analysis of variance with correction and with significance accepted at P < or = 0.05. RESULTS: Raw at baseline was not significantly different among the four drugs (P = 0.87). Infusion of @entity3303 and @entity1875 without @entity43604 into the bronchial artery caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction (P = 0.001). @entity1875 with @entity43604 had no effect on vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction (P = 0.40). There was a significant difference in the ability of @entity1875 without @entity43604 compared with @entity1875 with @entity43604 to attenuate vagal nerve stimulation-induced (P = 0.0001) and @entity2710 -induced bronchoconstriction (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity1875 without @entity43604 and @entity3303 attenuated vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity1875 without @entity43604 also decreased direct airway smooth muscle constriction. The preservative used for @entity1875 can have a dramatic effect on its ability to attenuate bronchoconstriction.

title: Efficacy of XXXX to prevent bronchoconstriction: effects of preservative.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity43604 :: ('MESH:C030981', 'Chemical') :: ['metabisulfite']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: African-American @entity1 experience higher mortality than Caucasian @entity1 after surgery for most common @entity5 types. Whether longterm survival after @entity5 surgery varies by race is less clear. STUDY DESIGN: Using 1992 to 2003 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data, we examined race and longterm survival among African-American and Caucasian @entity5 @entity1 undergoing resection. We identified racial differences in @entity1 characteristics, structure, and processes of care. We then assessed mortality using a Cox proportional hazards model, sequentially adding variables to explore the extent to which they attenuated the association between race and mortality. RESULTS: African-American @entity1 had a substantially poorer overall survival rate than Caucasian @entity1 did. Five-year survival rates were 41% and 50%, respectively (p < 0.0001). African Americans were younger (p=0.006), more likely to reside in low income areas (p < 0.0001), and had more baseline comorbid disease (p < 0.0001). They were also more likely to be diagnosed emergently (p < 0.001) and with more @entity5 (p < 0.001). Accounting for demographic and clinical characteristics reduced the mortality difference, although it remained pronounced (hazard ratio=1.13, CI=1.01 to 1.26). African Americans were more likely to be treated by low volume surgeons and less likely to receive adjuvant therapy (48.6% versus 60.9%, p < 0.0001). After adjusting for provider variables, the hazard ratio for mortality by race was additionally attenuated and became statistically nonsignificant (hazard ratio=1.05, CI=0.92 to 1.20). CONCLUSIONS: Poorer longterm survival after @entity5 surgery among African Americans is explained by measurable differences in processes of care and @entity1 characteristics. These data suggest that outcomes disparities could be reduced by strategies targeting earlier diagnosis and increasing adjuvant therapy use among African-American @entity1 .

title: Racial disparities in late survival after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'advanced cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: One hundred isolates of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae, of which 85 were chosen because of their resistance to @entity801 or @entity4509 , were tested for susceptibility to @entity5153 ( @entity5153 ), a new semisynthetic derivative of @entity12894 , and to four other @entity581 . Tests were performed in Mueller-Hinton agar and, with 43 of these isolates, also in Mueller-Hinton broth. Most isolates of @entity526 , @entity4005 , Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia that were @entity801 resistant proved to be susceptible to @entity5153 and @entity4509 . Tests of representative isolates of this group showed that they owed their resistance to the production of @entity4028 -adenylylating enzymes. Four isolates of Serratia, detected by their resistance to @entity4509 , were also highly resistant to @entity5153 but were susceptible to @entity801 . These isolates produced @entity4028 -acetylating enzymes. @entity801 -resistant @entity795 and Providencia were, in general, highly resistant to @entity5153 but were susceptible to @entity4509 . These isolates also produced @entity4028 -acetylating enzymes. Most @entity801 -resistant strains of Pseudomonas were resistant to @entity5153 , either by enzymatic @entity4028 modification or by other undefined mechanisms. Thus, like @entity4509 , @entity5153 extends the @entity4028 susceptibility pattern of Enterobacteriaceae to include @entity801 -resistant isolates that produce @entity4028 -adenylylating enzymes. It is ineffective against strains, some of them susceptible to @entity4509 , @entity801 , or @entity2890 , that produce @entity4028 -acetylating enzymes.

title: In vitro comparison of XXXX , a semisynthetic derivative of @entity12894 , and four other @entity4028 antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity12894 :: ('MESH:D012853', 'Chemical') :: ['sisomicin']

answer: @entity5153 :: (MESH:D009428,Chemical) :: ['netilmicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low birthweight (LBW) is associated with increased mortality in infancy, but its association with mortality in later childhood and adolescence is less clear. We investigated the association between birthweight and all-cause mortality and identified major causes of mortality for different birthweight groups. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a population study of all live births occurring in England and Wales between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2011. Following exclusions, the 12,355,251 live births were classified by birthweight: 500-1,499 g (very LBW [VLBW], n = 139,608), 1,500-2,499 g (LBW, n = 759,283), 2,500-3,499 g (n = 6,511,411), and >= 3,500 g (n = 4,944,949). The association of birthweight group with mortality in infancy (<1 y of age) and childhood/adolescence (1-18 y of age) was quantified, with and without covariates, through hazard ratios using Cox regression. International Classification of Diseases codes identified causes of @entity204 . In all, 74,890 (0.61%) individuals died between birth and 18 y of age, with 23% of @entity204 occurring after infancy. Adjusted hazard ratios for @entity1 @entity204 were 145 (95% CI 141, 149) and 9.8 (95% CI 9.5, 10.1) for the VLBW and LBW groups, respectively, compared to the >= 3,500 g group. The respective hazard ratios for @entity204 occurring at age 1-18 y were 6.6 (95% CI 6.1, 7.1) and 2.9 (95% CI 2.8, 3.1). Male gender, the youngest and oldest maternal age bands, multiple births, and deprivation (Index of Multiple Deprivation score) also contributed to increased @entity204 in the VLBW and LBW groups in both age ranges. In infancy, perinatal factors, particularly respiratory issues and infections, explained 84% and 31% of @entity204 in the VLBW and LBW groups, respectively; @entity600 explained 36% and 23% in the LBW group and >= 2,500 g groups (2,500-3,499 g and >= 3,500 g groups combined), respectively. Central nervous system conditions explained 20% of @entity204 in childhood/adolescence in the VLBW group, with @entity204 from @entity5 and external conditions increasingly prevalent in the 1,500-2,499 g and >= 2,500 g birthweight groups. The study would have benefited had we had access to information on gestational age and maternal smoking, but since the former is highly correlated with birthweight and the latter with deprivation, we believe that our findings remain robust despite these shortcomings. CONCLUSIONS: LBW is associated with @entity1 and later @entity1 and adolescent mortality, with perinatal factors and @entity600 explaining many of the @entity204 . By understanding and ameliorating the influences of upstream exposures such as maternal smoking and deprivation, later mortality can be decreased by reducing the delivery of vulnerable @entity1 with LBW.

title: All-Cause Mortality of Low Birthweight XXXX in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence: Population Study of England and Wales.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']


abstract: 1. The cardiovascular responses, heart rate and mean arterial pressure, were followed in seventeen @entity1 subjects who performed static handgrip contractions for 2 min at the same absolute force (15% of the initial maximal voluntary contraction strength) before and during partial curarization. In control contractions the rate of perceived exertion was 10 exertion units, 16 units in contractions with @entity2899 which could be maintained and 20 units in contractions that could not be maintained. Control contractions increased mean arterial pressure by 6 mmHg from 89 mmHg while heart rate was unchanged from the resting value of 68 beats @entity1009 . With @entity2899 , larger increases in mean arterial pressure of 11 mmHg and for heart rate of 8 beats @entity1009 were obtained during maintained contractions, and 15 mmHg and 16 beats @entity1009 , respectively, during non-maintained contractions. 2. @entity3897 increased resting heart rate and blood pressure with @entity2899 to 107 beats @entity1009 and 98 mmHg, respectively, in seven subjects. The blood pressure response to exercise with @entity2899 was unaffected by @entity3897 , but the heart rate increase was reduced from 15 to 4 beats @entity1009 . 3. @entity1169 reduced resting heart rate with @entity2899 to 56 beats @entity1009 with no effect on blood pressure in seven subjects. The cardiovascular responses to exercise with @entity2899 were unaffected by @entity1169 . In contrast, @entity5521 reduced resting blood pressure with @entity2899 to 80 mmHg without affecting heart rate in seven subjects. Exercise responses with @entity2899 were unaffected by @entity5521 . Combinations of @entity3897 and @entity1169 in fourteen subjects or @entity3897 and @entity5521 in five subjects showed similar results during exercise with @entity2899 as with the sole use of the agents used to block autonomic receptors. 4. The results suggest that when partial curarization induces a disproportion between the signal from central command and that from exercising muscles, the larger signal arising from central command determines the magnitude of the cardiovascular responses. The centrally generated heart rate response is in part caused by vagal withdrawal. However, the blood pressure response cannot be attenuated by the sole use of alpha- or beta-receptor adrenergic blockade or combinations of these with @entity3897 . This suggests that there may be greater redundancy in the autonomic control of blood pressure than in the vagal control of heart rate associated with central command during static exercise in @entity1 .

title: Autonomic blockade and cardiovascular responses to static exercise in partially curarized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['tubocurarine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3261 is a rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium, which elongates by unipolar addition of new cell envelope material. Approaching cell division, the growth pole transitions to a non-growing old pole, and the division site creates new growth poles in sibling cells. The A. tumefaciens homolog of the @entity14273 polar organizing protein PopZCc (PopZAt) localizes specifically to growth poles. In contrast, the A. tumefaciens homolog of the @entity14273 polar organelle development protein PodJCc (PodJAt) localizes to the old pole early in the cell cycle and accumulates at the growth pole as the cell cycle proceeds. FtsA and FtsZ also localize to the growth pole for most of the cell cycle prior to Z-ring formation. To further characterize the function of polar localizing proteins, we created a deletion of podJAt   podJAt cells display ectopic growth poles (branching), growth poles that fail to transition to an old pole, and elongated cells that fail to divide. In   podJAt cells, PopZAt -GFP persists at non-transitioning growth poles post division and also localizes to ectopic growth poles, as expected for a growth pole specific factor. Even though GFP-PodJAt does not localize to the midcell in wild type, deletion of podJAt impacts localization, stability, and function of Z-rings as assayed by localization of FtsA-GFP and FtsZ-GFP. Z-ring defects are further evidenced by minicell production. Together these data indicate that PodJAt is a critical factor for polar growth, and   podJAt displays a cell division phenotype, likely because the growth pole cannot transition to an old pole. IMPORTANCE: How rod-shaped prokaryotes develop and maintain shape is complicated by the fact that at least two distinct species-specific growth modes exist: uniform sidewall insertion of cell envelope material, characterized in model organisms such as @entity526 , and unipolar growth, which occurs in several a-proteobacteria including @entity3261 Essential components for unipolar growth are largely uncharacterized, and the mechanism constraining growth to one pole of a wild-type cell is unknown. Here we report the deletion of a polar development gene, podJAt, results in cells exhibiting ectopic polar growth, including multiple growth poles and aberrant localization of cell division and polar growth-associated proteins. These data suggest PodJAt is a critical factor in normal polar growth and impacts cell division in A. tumefaciens.

title: Loss of PodJ in XXXX leads to ectopic polar growth, branching, and reduced cell division.

entities_list: @entity14273 :: ('155892', 'Species') :: ['C. crescentus', 'Caulobacter crescentus']

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

answer: @entity3261 :: (358,Species) :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']


abstract: The aim of this study was to use the @entity35 moderate @entity1566 model to investigate the effects of incomplete @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) on the muscle regeneration process, comparing regeneration of slow-twitch plantarflexor soleus muscle and fast-twitch dorsiflexor tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Additionally, we wanted to examine the effect of a week of locomotor training following incomplete @entity1566 on the muscle regeneration process in these muscles and also determine if a week of similar locomotor training is sufficient to initiate muscle regeneration in control, non-injured @entity35 . Thirty-two, adult, female, @entity35 were chosen for the study. Moderate, midthoracic contusion SCIs were produced using a NYU (New York University) impactor in all @entity35 except controls. Animals were randomly assigned to treadmill training or untrained groups. @entity35 in the treadmill training group were manually treadmill trained starting at 1 week after @entity1566 , for 10 bouts (2 sessions of 20 min of actual stepping) over 5 days and control @entity35 in the training group received similar training. Our results indicate that a muscle regenerative response was initiated only in the slow-twitch soleus muscle in the initial 2 weeks following @entity1566 , the addition of 1 week of locomotor treadmill training led to a significant increase in soleus regenerative process. No significant regenerative process was observed in the fast-twitch TA. Increased muscle regeneration in soleus is suggested by our findings of increased expression of (1) insulin-like growth factor-1, involved in the activation of satellite cells; (2) @entity22060 , a marker of satellite cell activation; (3) @entity9431 , a muscle regulatory protein; and (4) embryonic myosin, an indicator of new muscle fiber formation. Locomotor training in control, non-injured animals did not induce similar changes towards the regenerative process.

title: Regenerative responses in slow- and fast-twitch muscles following moderate contusion XXXX and locomotor training.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI', 'spinal cord contusion']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) is a major inhibitor of @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ). In this study, we explored the role of @entity2289 in cell signaling. In MCF-7 cells, @entity2289 did not directly activate the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, @entity12206 and @entity3963 , but instead altered the response to @entity2290 so that ERK phosphorylation was sustained. This effect required the cooperative function of @entity10431 and the @entity28427 ( @entity28427 ). When MCF-7 cells were treated with @entity2290 - @entity2289 complex in the presence of the @entity28427 antagonist, receptor-associated protein, or with @entity2290 - @entity2289 ( @entity30954 ) complex, which binds to the @entity28427 with greatly decreased affinity, transient ERK phosphorylation (<5 min) was observed, mimicking the @entity2290 response. ERK phosphorylation was not induced by tissue-type plasminogen activator- @entity2289 complex or by @entity2290 - @entity2289 complex in the presence of antibodies that block @entity2290 binding to @entity10431 . @entity2290 - @entity2289 complex induced @entity669 phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and @entity9703 and sustained association of Sos with @entity9703 , whereas @entity2290 caused transient association of Sos with @entity9703 . By sustaining ERK phosphorylation, @entity2289 converted @entity2290 into an MCF-7 cell mitogen. This activity was blocked by receptor-associated protein and not observed with @entity2290 - @entity2289 ( @entity30954 ) complex, demonstrating the importance of the @entity28427 . @entity2290 promoted the growth of other cells in which ERK phosphorylation was sustained, including beta3 integrin overexpressing MCF-7 cells and HT 1080 cells. The @entity8047 inhibitor, @entity4286 , blocked the growth-promoting activity of @entity2290 and @entity2290 - @entity2289 complex in these cells. Our results demonstrate that @entity2289 may regulate @entity2290 -initiated cell signaling by a mechanism that requires @entity28427 recruitment. The kinetics of ERK phosphorylation in response to @entity10431 ligation determine the function of @entity2290 and @entity2290 - @entity2289 complex as growth promoters.

title: XXXX functions as a urokinase response modifier at the level of cell signaling and thereby promotes MCF-7 cell growth.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity28427 :: ('7436', 'Gene') :: ['VLDLr', 'very low density lipoprotein receptor']

entities_list: @entity12206 :: ('5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

entities_list: @entity30954 :: ('p|SUB|R|76|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R76E']

answer: @entity2289 :: (5054,Gene) :: ['Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most commonly performed procedures while @entity86 still remains challenging. The efficacy and safety of @entity1337 ( @entity1337 ) versus @entity30 ( @entity30 ; @entity1897 ) for @entity158 management after TKA are controversial. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether @entity1337 compared with @entity30 would provide better postoperative @entity158 control, consume less @entity1286 , facilitate early functional recovery, entail a differential risk of side effects and complications, and allow a shorter length of stay. STUDY DESIGN: This meta-analysis pooled all data published in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy and safety of @entity1337 versus @entity30 following TKA. SETTING: The work was performed at Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University. METHODS: Literature in English was searched using EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to April 2015. RCTs that compared @entity1337 and @entity30 for @entity86 following TKA were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Back Review Group checklist, and a sensitivity analysis was performed. Sixteen RCTs with a total of 1,206 @entity1 were finally included in our study. RESULTS: The results of our meta-analysis indicate that @entity1 managed by @entity1337 showed significantly lower numeric rating scale (NRS) score at rest (WMD: -0.40 [-0.72, -0.07]; P = 0.02) when compared with those managed by @entity30 . Difference of @entity1286 consumption was not significant (WMD: -1.39 [-7.21, 4.44]; P = 0.64) between the 2 groups. In terms of early functional recovery, the @entity1337 group showed more straight leg raise (RR: 2.90 [2.15, 3.93]; P < 0.00001) on the first postoperative day; better range of motion within one week (WMD: 4.33 [2.61, 6.05]; P < 0.00001), but not at 3 months (WMD: 1.98 [-0.02, 3.98]; P = 0.05); and comparable knee society score (WMD: -8.79 [-27.05, 9.48]; P = 0.35). Length of hospital stay of the @entity1337 group was marginally shorter (WMD: -0.25 [-0.49, -0.01]; P = 0.05) than that of the @entity30 group. Risk of side effects and complications were comparable between groups. LIMITATIONS: The lack of a standard criterion regarding the technique details of @entity1337 and heterogeneity resulting from the various analgesic components, dosages, and different administration methods might have posed a bias on the results. CONCLUSION: Our results have indicated that @entity1337 provided better analgesia than @entity30 at rest and preserved quadriceps function in the immediate postoperative period, which may be beneficial to early functional recovery. And its safety profile is reliable. With the biases in our meta-analysis, a rigorous and adequately powered RCT is needed to validate our results. KEY WORDS: Local infiltration analgesia, regional block, peripheral @entity616 , epidural analgesia, @entity86 , total knee arthroplasty, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial.

title: Local Infiltration Analgesia Versus Regional Blockade for XXXX in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['local infiltration analgesia', 'LIA']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['epidural analgesia and/or peripheral nerve block']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['regional blockade', 'RB']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the proliferative activities, oncoprotein expression, cell differentiation and prognosis of @entity11 . METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to study the expression of @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) and several oncoproteins both qualitatively and quantitatively in 124 @entity13 . RESULTS: It was found that the intensities of @entity1364 reaction were significantly related to both the grade and prognosis of @entity11 . Overexpression of @entity1722 protein was slightly stronger in well than in poorly-differenciated @entity11 . Moreover, the reactions in @entity1 who survived over 5 years were stronger than in those under 5 years. EGF (40.0%), @entity470 (91.4%) and @entity8498 (53.3%) expression levels were related to neigher the grading nor prognosis of this @entity5 . The positive ratios of the three antibodies to @entity876 protein were higher in grades II-IV than in grade I @entity11 . The intensity of @entity876 reaction was correlated to that of @entity1364 . CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the aberration of @entity1722 , @entity8498 , EGF and @entity470 might be the early events in the initiation and progression of @entity11 , whereas @entity876 is involved in all stages of these @entity5 . @entity1364 could reflect the degree of @entity5 to a certain extent.

title: [Proliferative activities, oncoprotein expression and their significance in XXXX @entity11 ].

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fingernail @entity6313 is a @entity364 of the finger nails. It is mainly produced by @entity375 , dermatophytes and molds and sometimes it shows a @entity325 . It is a cosmetic issue rather than a medical problem. AIMS: This study was conducted with the aim of exposing the fungal concept in @entity5806 , to introduce nail testing which was underutilized as a diagnostic tool despite being involved in many dermatological conditions, as well as to introduce microbiological techniques in the diagnosis of @entity5806 , based on the clinical parameters only. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 samples were tested in our laboratory by using 20% @entity3071 and culture plates of Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) which were mixed with @entity2755 and @entity1880 . RESULTS: A total of 37.78% samples were identified as positive by culture, among which 17.78% were KOH positive and 20.00% were KOH negative. 62.22% were culture negative. The predominant pathogen was @entity375 (64.71%), followed by dermatophytes (17.65%). A @entity325 was identified in 11.76%. Scytalidium hyalinum was identified in 5.88% of the cases. Fungi commonly presented in the middle age, between 31-40 years of age, due to @entity130 at the work site and in @entity1 , due to their wet work. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the @entity375 , genus Candida as the main pathogen which caused fingernail @entity6313 in our region. So, it is imperative to diagnose it properly by using microbiological techniques and to treat it properly.

title: The prevalence of fungi in fingernail XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail diseases']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: We studied 50 @entity1 with @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) who were examined at the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo, and followed up for 18 months or more. We investigated the prognosis of @entity393 within 3 months after onset, rate of recurrence during long-term follow-up, interval between the first and the second episodes of @entity393 or between onset and the time when the diagnosis of @entity9303 was made, and factors affecting prognosis. The results were as follows. 1. Within the initial 3 months of follow-up, @entity393 continued to fluctuate in 5 @entity1 . In the remaining 45, hearing returned to normal in 34, improved without returning to normal in 6, showed no marked change in 4, and became worse in one. 2. In long-term follow-up, the recurrence of @entity393 without @entity9468 occurred in 16 @entity1 , and 5 others were eventually diagnosed as having @entity9303 . The average interval between the first and second episodes of @entity393 was 9.2 months, and the diagnosis of @entity9303 was made an average of 27 months after onset. 3. Recurrence was not significantly related to the initial prognosis of @entity393 . 4. Within the initial 3 months of follow-up, the prognosis of @entity393 was significantly better in @entity1 whose @entity393 at 1 kHz was within 20 dB, and tended to be better in females and in @entity1 attending within one week of onset. Long-term follow-up showed that the rate of recurrence was significantly lower in @entity1 aged 40 years or more, and tended to be lower in @entity1 who visited the hospital within one week of onset or whose @entity393 at 1 kHz was within 20 dB. 5. There were no significant differences between @entity1 with single and recurrent attacks with respect to sex, subjective symptoms, and results of the @entity653 test and electrocochleography. @entity1274 tends to recur without any relationship to the initial prognosis of @entity393 . Since it is still difficult to predict whether or not @entity393 will recur, long-term follow-up is necessary even in @entity1 with good initial prognosis.

title: [Prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss', 'ALHL']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: Although @entity1240 is associated with changes in brain structure and cognition it remains unclear which specific structural changes mediate individual cognitive changes. Several studies have reported that white matter (WM) integrity, as assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), mediates, in part, age-related differences in processing speed (PS). There is less evidence for WM integrity mediating age-related differences in higher order abilities (e.g., memory and executive functions). In 165 typically @entity1240 adults (age range 54-89) we show that WM integrity in select cerebral regions is associated with higher cognitive abilities and accounts variance not accounted for by PS or age. Specifically, voxel-wise analyses using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) revealed that WM integrity was associated with reasoning, cognitive flexibility and PS, but not memory or word fluency, after accounting for age and gender. While cerebral fractional anisotropy (FA) was only associated with PS; mean ( @entity601 ), axial ( @entity195 ) and @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ) diffusivity were associated with reasoning and flexibility. Reasoning was selectively associated with left prefrontal @entity195 , while cognitive flexibility was associated with @entity601 , @entity195 and @entity4542 throughout the cerebrum. Average WM metrics within select WM regions of interest accounted for 18% and 29% of the variance in reasoning and flexibility, respectively, similar to the amount of variance accounted for by age. WM metrics mediated ~50% of the age-related variance in reasoning and flexibility and different proportions, 11% for reasoning and 44% for flexibility, of the variance accounted for by PS. In sum, (i) WM integrity is significantly, but variably, related to specific higher cognitive abilities and can account for a similar proportion of variance as age, and (ii) while FA is selectively associated with PS; while @entity601 , @entity195 and @entity4542 are associated with reasoning, flexibility and PS. This illustrates both the anatomical and cognitive selectivity of structure-cognition relationships in the @entity1240 brain.

title: The association between higher order abilities, processing speed, and age are variably mediated by white matter integrity during typical XXXX .

answer: @entity1240 :: (MESH:D019588,Disease) :: ['aging']


abstract: Plasma levels of @entity1254 are decreased in type 2 @entity6 , @entity28 and @entity101 . Our aim was to use a family-based analysis to identify the genetic variants of the @entity1254 ( @entity1254 ) gene that are associated with @entity28 , insulin resistance, @entity2299 and @entity101 , among Arabs. We screened 328 Arabs in one large extended family for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the @entity1254 gene. Two common SNPs were detected: @entity26056 and @entity29124 . Evidences of association between traits related to the @entity209 and the SNPs were studied by implementing quantitative genetic association analysis. Results showed that SNP @entity29124 was significantly associated with body weight (p-value=0.001), waist circumference (p-value=0.037), BMI (p-value=0.015) and percentage of total body fat (p-value=0.003). Up to 4.1% of heritability of @entity28 traits was explained by the @entity29124 locus. Further cross-sectional analysis showed that carriers of the G allele had significantly higher values of waist circumference, BMI and percentage of total body fat (p-values 0.014, 0.004 and 0.032, respectively). No association was detected between SNP @entity29124 and other clusters of @entity209 or their traits except for HOMA-IR and fasting plasma insulin levels, p-values 0.035 and 0.004, respectively. In contrast, both measured genotype and cross-sectional analysis failed to detect an association between the SNP @entity26056 with traits and clusters of @entity209 . In conclusion, we showed family-based evidence of association of SNP @entity29124 at @entity1254 gene with traits defining @entity28 in Arab population. This is important for future prediction and prevention of @entity28 in population where @entity28 is in an increasing trend.

title: Association of XXXX promoter variants with traits and clusters of @entity209 in Arabs: family-based study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['ADIPOQ', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adoptive immunotherapy with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has great potential for the treatment of some @entity5 . Therefore, augmenting the responses of @entity5 -specific CTLs is significant for the adoptive immunotherapy of @entity320 . This study aimed to investigate the anti- @entity5 response of a combination therapy employing @entity1501 -modified chitosan nanoparticles containing @entity15369 ( @entity15369 ) plus @entity320 @entity41258 -specific CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells. METHODS: We prepared @entity1501 -modified chitosan nanoparticles containing the @entity19 @entity15369 gene (FA-CS-mIP-10), and induced @entity320 @entity41258 -specific CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells by co-culturing them with artificial antigen-presenting cells. B16-bearing @entity19 were treated with FA-CS-mIP-10, @entity320 @entity41258 -specific CD8(+)CD28(+) T cells, a combination of both, and the saline control. @entity5 volumes and the survival time of @entity19 were recorded. The proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) infiltrating the @entity5 microenvironment and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen was analyzed by flow cytometry. We also detected the proliferation and angiogenesis of @entity5 by immunohistochemistry and apoptosis by TUNEL. RESULTS: The combination therapy inhibited the progression of @entity320 in vivo. Compared with other treatments, it more efficiently inhibited @entity5 growth and increased the survival time of @entity19 . After treatment with combination therapy, the proportion of MDSCs and Tregs decreased, while the percentage of @entity14013 (+)CD8(+) T cells increased. Furthermore, combination therapy inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of @entity5 cells and significantly inhibited @entity5 angiogenesis in vivo. CONCLUSION: We describe a novel strategy for improving the anti- @entity5 response of CD8(+)CD28(+) CTLs by combining them with FA-CS-mIP-10 nanoparticles.

title: @entity1501 -modified Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing the XXXX Gene Enhance Melanoma-specific Cytotoxic CD8(+)CD28(+) T Lymphocyte Responses.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignant cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity15369 :: (15945(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IP-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the 1990s, new insights in the physical therapy management of @entity1643 have been described in guidelines. Furthermore, insurance companies introduced a volume policy to control the costs for physical therapy. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish if developments in knowledge and health policy since the 1990s have resulted in changes in the physical therapy management of @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) in the Netherlands. METHODS: Data from 3148 @entity1 , referred because of @entity1643 , were selected from the databases of two registration studies (1989-1992 and 2002-2003) of @entity1 treated by physical therapists. Descriptive statistics were used to compare @entity1 characteristics. A multi-level regression analysis was carried out to determine a change in the number of treatment sessions adjusting for @entity1 and disease characteristics, and to control for different levels ( @entity1 and physical therapist). RESULTS: A small decline in the number of treatment sessions was observed. In 2002, exercise therapy was the most frequently applied intervention, while massage and physical modalities were the interventions of first choice in the early 1990s. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that since 1990 the management of @entity1 with @entity1643 by physical therapists in the Netherlands has changed. Both quality management by the profession and volume policy by government and insurance companies seem to have been instrumental in bringing about a decline in the number of treatment visits and an increase in the use of evidence-based interventions.

title: Physical therapy management of XXXX has changed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study reporting correlation between sCD95L (serum cluster of differentiation 95 ligand) serum levels and remission after traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). OBJECTIVES: To describe the correlation between sCD95L serum levels and remission after traumatic @entity1566 in a @entity1 protocol compared with animal studies. SETTING: Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Germany. METHODS: We included 45 @entity1 with traumatic @entity1566 . According to their neurological outcome, @entity1 were divided into two groups, @entity1 with (G1, n=26) and without (G2, n=19) remission. Blood was collected on post-admission and according to a fixed scheme, that is, after 4, 9, 12   h, 1, 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks. RESULTS: By comparing G1 with G2, we found a correlation between neurological remission and sCD95L serum concentrations. Consistently elevated levels of sCD95L in G1 between 9   h and 1 month after injury show significantly differing values 7 days after injury. This indicates a correlation between @entity1 with clinically documented neurological remission and elevated sCD95L serum concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: In opposite to animal studies, our @entity1 with neurological remission show on average higher levels of sCD95L compared with @entity1 without. Therefore, spinal cord-injured @entity1 would probably not profit from neutralizing @entity12 . Our results present that the transfer of findings from animal studies to @entity1 must always be considered critically. We were able to show that peripheral serum cytokine expression is suitable to state processes after @entity1566 in @entity1 .Spinal Cord advance online publication, 19 April 2016; doi:10.1038/sc.2016.44.

title: sCD95L in serum after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether retention of fetal lung liquid is more prevalent in polyalveolar @entity14943 than in conventional @entity14943 . Two @entity1 with @entity14943 were prospectively identified in a 3-year period. Twenty-five such @entity1 were identified in a retrospective study covering 39 years. Medical records were available for 22 @entity1 who had 23 emphysematous lobes. Both babies from the prospective study and six subjects from the retrospective group had respiratory symptoms and underwent chest X-ray in the first day of life. Six of the eight babies with respiratory symptoms and chest imaging in the first day of life had retention of fetal lung liquid in an @entity1315 . All six of these lobes were polyalveolar. The lobe in one @entity1 was a @entity1315 but without retained fetal lung liquid, and one @entity1 exhibited @entity14943 also without retained fetal lung liquid. One @entity1315 caused no neonatal symptoms and was not imaged until the @entity1 was 3 months old. No baby with @entity14943 was shown to have retained fetal lung liquid. There seems to be a correlation between @entity1315 and onset of respiratory symptoms in the first day of life. Retention of fetal lung liquid within the affected lobe was documented only in cases of @entity1315 .

title: Retained fetal lung liquid in XXXX : a possible predictor of @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity14943 :: ('MESH:C535735', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lobar emphysema', 'conventional lobar emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['polyalveolar lobe', 'emphysematous lobe']

answer: @entity14943 :: (MESH:C535735,Disease) :: ['congenital lobar emphysema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and morbidity of intratympanic @entity801 titration therapy on @entity1 with intractable unilateral @entity9303 . STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective chart review and @entity1 interviews. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral ambulatory dizziness clinic at the London Health Sciences Centre, University Campus, from July 1992 to June 1997. INTERVENTION: Eighty-three @entity1 received weekly intratympanic @entity801 injections in their diseased ear. Treatments were terminated after four injections or sooner if @entity1 met clinical or audiologic criteria. Sixty-eight @entity1 were available for detailed follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vertigo frequency, hearing status, personal disability ratings, tinnitus level, and caloric responses before and after @entity801 therapy were measured. RESULTS: Eighty-four percent of @entity1 showed complete, and an additional 6% showed substantial, vertigo control. At 24 months, 17% of @entity1 demonstrated a clinically significant (10-dB) reduction in hearing, but 26% showed a significant hearing improvement. Overall, the group showed no combined statistically significant changes in any of the hearing parameters. No @entity1 had an "extreme" drop in hearing (>30 dB). CONCLUSIONS: Intratympanic @entity801 titration therapy provides excellent vertigo control with a low incidence of @entity393 .

title: Intratympanic XXXX titration therapy for intractable @entity9303 .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3981 ( @entity3981 ) is an uncommon @entity5 . We aim to characterize the clinical and pathologic characteristics of @entity3981 with and without @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Importantly, cases of mammary analogue @entity189 , a recently described histologic mimic of @entity3981 , have been excluded by using cytogenetics and molecular studies. STUDY DESIGN: Archival surgical pathology material was obtained for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3981 at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1990 and 2010. @entity5 harboring the @entity9604 - @entity13820 fusion transcript were excluded from analysis by using cytogenetics and molecular studies. @entity5 with @entity1893 were characterized by areas with an infiltrative growth pattern, nuclear anaplasia, prominent nucleoli, brisk mitotic activity, geographic @entity39 , and @entity3985 . Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the medical records. RESULTS: @entity3981 with @entity1893 was seen in 8 of 48 cases (17%). @entity1 with @entity3981 with @entity1893 were significantly older than @entity1 without @entity1893 (median 69 vs 54 years; P = .04). Angiolymphatic invasion was more common in @entity3981 with @entity1893 (P = .02). Relapse-free survival and overall survival were significantly worse for cases of @entity3981 with @entity1893 (hazard ratio 10.4 and 9.3, respectively; P < .0001 for both comparisons). Locoregional recurrence-free survival was not significantly different (P = .12), but distant metastases-free survival was significantly worse in @entity1 with @entity1893 compared with non- @entity1893 @entity1 (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis for overall survival and distant relapse for @entity3981 @entity1 with @entity1893 is significantly worse than that for @entity1 without @entity1893 .

title: High-grade transformation of XXXX : an inadequately treated entity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'salivary gland malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['stromal desmoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['secretory carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['Acinic cell carcinoma', 'AcCC']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade transformation', 'HGT']

answer: @entity3981 :: (MESH:D018267,Disease) :: ['acinic cell carcinoma']


abstract: Cortical afferents excite striatal efferent neurons through activation of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors, which can be modulated by D2 @entity935 receptors. It is suggested that activation of PKA by D2 receptor blockade leads to @entity143 receptor phosphorylation in the dendrites or phosphorylation of transcription factors in the nucleus. Thus, the levels and cellular localization of activated PKA may determine if D2 antagonist-mediated gene expression is dependent on @entity143 receptor activation. We have previously demonstrated that @entity143 receptor antagonists block gene expression induced by a high dose of @entity12174 in medial and central but not lateral striatum. Here, we examined the effects of @entity143 receptor antagonists on striatal gene expression after administration of a low dose of @entity12174 . The results showed that @entity143 receptor antagonists blocked gene induction by @entity12174 throughout striatum. Less PKA activation by the low dose of @entity12174 might explain why the expression was more sensitive in the lateral striatum to @entity143 receptor blockade than in our previous study. To increase levels of PKA activation to the extent that @entity143 receptor blockade would have less effect on @entity12174 -mediated gene induction in all regions of striatum, we administered the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX to animals treated with @entity12174 . The combined administration of IBMX and @entity12174 induced gene expression that was only partially attenuated ( @entity1639 ) or unaffected ( @entity5738 ) by @entity143 receptor blockade. These data support the suggestion that the degree of second messenger activation by D2 receptor blockade determines whether D2 @entity935 receptor antagonist-mediated gene expression is dependent on @entity143 receptor activation.

title: Degree of immediate early gene induction in striatum by XXXX determines sensitivity to @entity1024 receptor blockade.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity12174 :: ('MESH:C045989', 'Chemical') :: ['eticlopride']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity12174 :: (MESH:C045989,Chemical) :: ['eticlopride']


abstract: @entity2453 ( @entity2453 ) reductase inhibitors (statins) significantly reduce @entity65 associated with @entity1007 . There is evidence that statins exert beneficial effects in part through direct effects on vascular cells independent of lowering plasma @entity165 . We characterized the effect of a 30-day treatment with @entity2993 in normocholesterolemic, spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in @entity2993 -treated @entity35 (184+/-5 versus 204+/-6 mm Hg for control). Statin therapy improved @entity409 , as assessed by @entity5402 -induced vasorelaxation in aortic segments, and profoundly reduced @entity1808 -induced vasoconstriction. Angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1129 (1)) receptor, @entity2824 ( @entity2824 ), and @entity42458 mRNA expression were determined with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. @entity2993 treatment downregulated aortic @entity1129 (1) receptor mRNA expression to 44+/-12% of control and reduced mRNA expression of the essential @entity1110 oxidase subunit @entity42458 to 63+/-7% of control. @entity2333 (1) receptor protein expression was consistently decreased. Vascular production of reactive @entity26 species was reduced to 62+/-12% of control in statin-treated SHR, as measured with @entity12487 chemiluminescence assays. Accordingly, treatment of SHR with the @entity1129 (1) receptor antagonist @entity43058 improved @entity409 and reduced vascular free-radical release. Moreover, @entity2993 caused an upregulation of @entity2824 mRNA expression (138+/-7% of control) and an enhanced @entity2824 activity in the vessel wall (209+/-46% of control). Treatment of SHR with @entity2993 causes a significant @entity551 and a profound improvement of @entity409 mediated by a reduction of free radical release in the vasculature. The underlying mechanism could in part be based on the statin-induced downregulation of @entity1129 (1) receptor expression and decreased expression of the @entity1110 oxidase subunit @entity42458 , because @entity1129 (1) receptor activation plays a pivotal role for the induction of this redox system in the vessel wall.

title: @entity2453 reductase inhibitors improve @entity409 in normocholesterolemic XXXX via reduced production of reactive @entity26 species.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['Atorvastatin', 'atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2824 :: ('24600(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial cell NO synthase', 'ecNOS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A', 'HMG-CoA']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity43058 :: ('MESH:C094626', 'Chemical') :: ['fonsartan']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AIM: To identify clinical factors associated with secondary @entity2790 (IOP) in eyes with @entity320 METHODS: A retrospective case series of 169 consecutive @entity1 with microscopically confirmed @entity320 . The main outcome measure was the presence of @entity5 induced secondary elevated IOP. Cox proportional regression models were used to calculate the relation of clinical features to elevated IOP. RESULTS: Of 169 @entity1 with microscopically proved @entity320 , 50 (30%) presented with @entity5 induced secondary elevated IOP. The mean pressure in those eyes with elevated IOP at diagnosis was 33 mm Hg (median 31 mm Hg, range 23-65 mm Hg). The @entity5 configuration was nodular in 23 (46%) and diffuse in 27 (54%) with a mean base dimension of 7.4 mm and thickness of 2.0 mm. Invasion of the angle structures by @entity320 seeds was visible for a mean of 7 clock hours (median 7, range 0-12 clock hours). The mechanism of elevated IOP was judged to be outflow obstruction from @entity5 invasion into the trabecular meshwork. There were no cases of @entity2297 . The @entity5 was ultimately managed with enucleation in 30 @entity1 (60%), local resection (iridectomy, iridocyclectomy, or iridocyclogoniectomy) in 11 (22%), and plaque radiotherapy in five (10%). In four cases (8%), observation of cytologically low grade @entity5 was the @entity1 's preference. Using multivariate analysis, the clinical factors at initial evaluation associated with @entity5 induced secondary elevated IOP from @entity320 included increasing extent of @entity5 seeding in the anterior chamber angle (p=0.01) and poor visual acuity at presentation (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Microscopically confirmed @entity320 demonstrates @entity5 related elevated IOP in 30% cases at the time of presentation, usually secondary to @entity5 involvement of the trabecular meshwork obstructing aqueous outflow. Enucleation is necessary in the majority of these @entity1 (60%) as opposed to those cases without @entity2790 (18%).

title: Factors associated with @entity2790 in eyes with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['iris melanoma', 'melanoma', 'iris malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['iris melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8925 treatment tailored to the timing of @entity1 's @entity410 may improve @entity410 control. We aim to describe the safety and efficacy of higher-evening differential dose of @entity8925 as add-on therapy in @entity1 with night-time/early morning @entity410 . METHOD: Differential dosing with higher evening dosing was started based on a high proportion of @entity410 (>80%) at nighttime (6p.m. to 6a.m.). Differential dosing was defined as providing more than 50% of the total daily dose of @entity8925 after 6p.m. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were treated with @entity8925 differential dosing as an add-on therapy. The median age was 9.1 years, with 11 (40.7%) females and median of the first follow-up was 2.7 months. @entity1 with differential dosing tolerated a higher median total @entity8925 dose of 0.8mg/kg/d at first follow-up, as compared to 0.6mg/kg/d in controls. In differential dose, the median percentage of the total @entity8925 dose administered in the evening was 66.7%. Differential dose @entity1 exhibited a median @entity410 reduction of 75% as compared to 50% in controls (p<0.005). @entity1 with generalized @entity410 benefited the most from differential dosing with a 77.5% median @entity410 reduction, as compared to 50% in controls (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: Higher-evening differential dose of @entity8925 improved @entity410 control in @entity1 with predominantly nighttime and early-morning @entity410 . Chronotherapy tailored to the @entity1 ' @entity410 susceptibility patterns may improve care in @entity302 @entity1 as differential dosing may allow for higher overall treatment doses at times of greatest @entity410 susceptibility without increased side effects at other times.

title: XXXX higher-evening differential dosing as an add-on therapy in @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity8925 :: ('MESH:C012255', 'Chemical') :: ['clobazam', 'Clobazam']

answer: @entity8925 :: (MESH:C012255,Chemical) :: ['Clobazam']


abstract: Corticosteroids (CS) are the standard initial treatment for @entity401 ( @entity401 ) associated with @entity6017 ( @entity6017 )/ @entity6558 (PM). However, many @entity1 fail to respond and have significantly high mortality even if immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) are subsequently added, while a more intensive initial approach using ISDs is suggested to improve their survival. We conducted a retrospective study to examine the association between initial therapeutic approaches and clinical outcomes of active @entity401 in @entity6017 /PM @entity1 . We reviewed medical records of 34 consecutive @entity6017 /PM @entity1 who had active @entity401 defined by the presence of @entity358 or active symptoms, and compared clinical outcome between those @entity1 to whom ISDs were added if CS alone did not result in a favorable response (a step-up approach) and those who were started on ISDs simultaneously with CS (a primary intensive approach). Clinical endpoints were @entity204 , @entity204 , and progression or improvement of pulmonary function. The step-up approach was used in 20 @entity1 , to 11 of whom ISDs were eventually added after a median of 2.0 weeks, while the primary intensive approach was used in 14 @entity1 . The primary intensive approach group had significantly better survival than the step-up approach group (P = 0.030 by the log-rank test). These two groups did not differ significantly in demographic characteristics and baseline clinical and laboratory features. Intensive approach by starting ISDs simultaneously with CS in the initial treatment for active @entity401 in @entity6017 /PM @entity1 was associated with better survival, emphasizing the impact of initial treatment on their survival. Prospective clinical investigation of this approach is now needed, but the limited clinical utility of CS as an initial treatment might ethically challenge clinical-trial designing.

title: Step-up versus primary intensive approach to the treatment of @entity401 associated with @entity6017 / XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary function abnormality']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity6558 :: (MESH:D017285,Disease) :: ['polymyositis']


abstract: Approximately 90% of well-differentiated/de-differentiated @entity1821 (WDLPS/DDLPS), the most common @entity558 subtype, have chromosomal amplification at 12q13-q22. Many protein-coding genes in the region, such as @entity7465 and , have been studied as potential therapeutic targets for @entity558 treatment, with minimal success. In the amplified region near the @entity7465 gene, our single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis of 75 @entity558 samples identified frequent amplification of @entity41169 . Besides being in the amplicon, @entity41169 was overexpressed significantly in WDLPS/DDLPS (P<0.001), as well as in myxoid/round cell @entity558 (MRC) (P<0.05). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that overexpression of @entity41169 significantly correlated with poor @entity1 survival in both types of @entity558 (P<0.05 for WDLPS/DDLPS; P<0.001 for MRC). Based on these findings, we hypothesized that @entity41169 has an important role in @entity558 tumorigenesis, regardless of @entity558 subtypes. Overexpression of @entity41169 in three @entity558 cell lines (SW872, LPS141 and LP6) enhanced the growth and survival of these cells, including faster cell proliferation and migration, enhanced clonogenicity, suppressed adipocyte differentiation and/or resistance to apoptosis. Inhibition of @entity41169 in @entity558 cells using anti- @entity41169 resulted in the opposite responses. To explain further the effect of @entity41169 overexpression in @entity558 cells, we performed in silico analysis and identified 93 candidate targets of @entity41169 . Among these genes, @entity41170 ( @entity41170 ) is located at 13q12.3-q14.3, a region of recurrent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in @entity558 . Indeed, either overexpression or inhibition of @entity41170 made @entity558 cells more susceptible or resistant to apoptosis, respectively. In conclusion, our study for the first time reveals the contribution of @entity41169 to @entity558 tumorigenesis, partly through inhibiting @entity41170 , suggesting that @entity41169 is a novel therapeutic target for @entity1 @entity558 .

title: Overexpression of XXXX in @entity1 @entity1821 is correlated with poor @entity1 survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

entities_list: @entity41170 :: ('55213', 'Gene') :: ['regulator of chromosome condensation and BTB domain-containing protein 1', 'RCBTB1']

answer: @entity41169 :: (407016,Gene) :: ['miR-26a-2']