abstract: Since the initial findings that 67Ga has a preferential affinity of soft tissue @entity5 , in @entity1 numerous suggestions have been advanced for the basic mechanism involved. The effects produced by whole-body X-irradiation on the excretion and tissue distribution of 67Ga have been reported by Swartzendruber and others. Bradley and coworkers have shown that these irradiation effects were associated with an increase in serum @entity68 . The present investigation was undertaken in order to study the relationships between the change in the serum @entity68 concentration and 67Ga accumulation in the @entity5 and soft tissues in @entity19 bearing Ehrlich's @entity5 . The following results were obtained. (1) The serum @entity68 concentration was significantly decreased between 3 and 6 hours after 10 Gy (1,000 rad) dose whole-body 60Co-irradiation. Subsequently, the serum @entity68 levels were slowly elevated. (2) The uptake of 67GA in the @entity5 and soft tissues increased if the serum @entity68 concentration was decreased by whole-body 60Co-irradiation during the early phase. On the contrary, if the serum @entity68 concentration was high, the uptake of 67Ga in the @entity5 was decreased. (3) The excretion of 67Ga from the body was delayed if the serum @entity68 concentration was decreased by whole-body 60Co-irradiation. However, if the serum @entity68 concentration was high, the excretion of 67Ga from the body significantly increased.

title: [The influence of whole body 60Co-irradiation on distribution of 67Ga in XXXX -bearing @entity19 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ascites tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Galectin-3 is an endogenous @entity3649 -binding protein that is expressed in a wide range of normal and neoplasic tissues and is thought to be involved in cellular adhesion, growth regulation, and apoptosis. Galectin-3 seems to have an important role in @entity14 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of galectin-3 in @entity1 with @entity14 under surgery and chemotherapy treatment and the relationship of galectin-3 expression and clinical aspects or @entity5 evolution. @entity1 AND METHODS: Galectin-3 expression was examined immunohistochemically in 75 samples of colorectal tissues. A scoring system was used to evaluate the cytoplasmic cells color. Among the @entity1 , 40 were female; the average age was 61.98  years old. According to the site, 42.6% was of the rectum, 33.4% right colon, and 24% left colon. Thirty-three @entity5 were stage II, 32 stage III, and ten stage IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Galectin-3 immunoexpression was classified as 1 in 57.33% of @entity5 . The highest percentage of staining cells appeared in the most advanced @entity5 (p   =   0.4899). @entity1 with recurrence had a great number of @entity5 with high score (p   =   0.0465). In addition, high or moderate galectin-3 immunoexpression had been associated with an increased marginal risk for @entity204 (p   =   0.0795). The immunoexpression of galectin-3 was strong or moderate in 42% of the @entity14 . @entity1 with strong or moderate immunoexpression of galectin-3 died or had recurrence more frequently. The risk of @entity204 was marginally reduced in @entity1 with negative or low-grade galectin-3. Galectin-3 cytoplasmatic immunoexpression seems to be a prognostic factor in @entity14 because a higher risk of recurrence had been observed in @entity5 with a high score of galectin-3. However, a higher risk of @entity204 was not found on this group.

title: Immunoexpression of galectin-3 in XXXX and its relationship with survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implementation of mammography screening and advances in @entity0 treatment are considered as main reasons for the decline in @entity0 mortality observed in many industrialized countries during the past two decades. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of trends in @entity0 incidence, mortality and survival by age and stage in Germany. METHODS: Data from the population based Saarland Cancer Registry including @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 from 1972 to 2007 were used. Period analysis methods were employed to calculate 5-year relative survival and its trends. RESULTS: Mortality started to decline during the 1990s, and a previous increase in incidence levelled off in the early 21st century. Overall age-standardized 5-year relative survival of invasive @entity0 steadily increased during the past three decades to 83% in 2004-2008. This increase was mostly due to an increase in survival for @entity1 with localized @entity5 and locally or regionally spread @entity5 (increase of age-standardized 5-year relative survival from 92% to 98% and from 65% to 80%, respectively, between 1992 and 2008), whereas age-standardized 5-year relative survival essentially remained unchanged at levels close to 21% in @entity1 with metastasized @entity5 . For @entity1 aged 70 years or older 5-year relative survival and its increase over time were inferior compared to younger @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The observed trends in population based survival suggest that advances in treatment of early @entity0 have substantially contributed to the gain in prognosis. The poor prognosis of metastasized @entity0 @entity1 and the increasing age gradient in 5-year relative survival call for enhanced efforts for early detection and more rigorous treatment of elderly @entity1 .

title: Trends in XXXX survival in Germany from 1976 to 2008--a period analysis by age and stage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity15038 (psi) is commonly found in both small and large subunit ribosomal RNAs of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In @entity526 small subunit RNA, there is only one psi, at position 516, in a region of the RNA known to be involved in codon recognition [Bakin et al. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 3681-3684]. To assess the function of this single psi residue, the enzyme catalyzing its formation was purified and cloned. The enzyme contains 231 @entity1522 and has a calculated molecular mass of 25,836 Da. It converts U516 in @entity526 16S RNA transcripts into psi but does not modify any other position in this RNA. It does not react with free unmodified 16S RNA at all, and only poorly with 30S particles containing unmodified RNA. The preferred substrate is an RNA fragment from residues 1 to 678 which has been complexed with 30S ribosomal proteins. The yield varied from 0.6 to 1.0 mol of psi/mol of RNA, depending on the preparation. Free RNA(1-678) was inactive, as was RNA(1-526) and the RNP particle made from it. 23S RNA and tRNAVal transcripts were also inactive. These results suggest that psi formation in vivo occurs at an intermediate stage of 30S assembly. The gene is located at 47.1 min immediately 5' to, and oriented in the same direction as, the @entity23139 resistance gene. The gene was cloned behind a (His)6 leader for affinity purification. Virtually all of the overexpressed protein was found in inclusion bodies but could be purified to homogeneity on a @entity3411 containing resin. Over 200 mg of pure protein could be obtained from a liter of cell culture. @entity535 sequence comparison revealed the existence of a gene in @entity3881 with a similar sequence, and psi sequence analysis established that @entity3881 has the equivalent of psi 516 in its small subunit rRNA. On the other hand, no common sequence motifs could be detected among this enzyme and the two tRNA psi synthases which have been cloned up to now.

title: Purification, cloning, and properties of the 16S RNA XXXX 516 synthase from @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity15038 :: ('MESH:D011560', 'Chemical') :: ['Pseudouridine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity23139 :: ('MESH:C024504', 'Chemical') :: ['bicyclomycin']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity15038 :: (MESH:D011560,Chemical) :: ['pseudouridine']


abstract: @entity3001 is a tick-borne spirochaete infection which, in a proportion of @entity1 , can lead to @entity16 . This article describes a case of @entity4589 due to @entity3001 . A 39-yr-old male presented to the hospital because of an @entity697 . Six weeks prior to admission he had developed a circular @entity1910 on his left flank during a camping holiday. He also complained of @entity1353 and @entity4841 for 1 week. His chest radiograph demonstrated a raised right hemi-diaphragm. @entity4589 was confirmed by fluoroscopy (a positive sniff test). Serology revealed evidence of recent infection by @entity2069 . On the basis of the @entity1 's clinical presentation, a recent history of @entity8831 , and positive Lyme serology, a diagnosis of @entity9144 was made. He received oral @entity3403 therapy (200 mg x day(-1)) for three weeks. Facial and diaphragmatic @entity912 resolved within eight weeks. On the basis of this case, a diagnosis of @entity3001 should be considered in @entity1 from endemic regions with otherwise unexplained @entity129 .

title: @entity4589 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['phrenic nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute left facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic paralysis', 'Diaphragmatic paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme disease']


abstract: @entity6437 cerebri is a condition of intracranial @entity101 without localizing signs except for @entity1829 with normal intracranial contents and normal cerebrospinal fluid constituents. It is seen more frequently in @entity1 than in @entity1 (8:1) especially @entity1 are of childbearing age, and in 90% of cases of @entity28 . The most common symptoms are @entity227 . Other symptoms include @entity392 , shoulder and arm @entity158 . The @entity1829 present in almost all @entity3557 @entity1 can lead to @entity227 . One third of the large series had substantial @entity227 including @entity227 . Treatment has been directed toward preserving vision. Medications that reduce intracranial pressure such as diuretics like @entity3791 have some success. When vision is threatened, these individuals may undergo optic nerve sheath decompression or lumbar peritoneal shunt to preserve vision. Even with prompt intervention, @entity227 can occur.

title: [ @entity6437 cerebri ( XXXX --an update)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision and blindness', 'visual loss', 'headache and visual obscuration', 'loss of visual field']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['pulsatile tinnitus']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['PTC']


abstract: Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, we have investigated the responses of @entity1 cells in culture to @entity1457 and to various chemical agents producing a similar effect. These treatments result in the induction of increased synthesis of several specific proteins. One (HShock:1, @entity214 -molecular mass about 65000) is increased by about 350-fold over the amount in untreated cells. Computer analysis of time-course studies indicates, however, that rates of synthesis of various proteins other than the classical " @entity1457 proteins" are affected, some of these alterations following time courses quite different from the main (HShock) inductions. The @entity1457 effect is thus much more complicated than previously realized. We purified the HShock:1 protein from heat-shocked @entity1 lymphoblastoid cells, and prepared a rabbit antiserum specific for HShock:1 on nitrocellulose two-dimensional gel transfers of total lymphoblastoid cell protein. A survey of @entity19 tissues shows high concentrations of an HShock:1-like protein in the testis, and @entity1 testes also appears to contain substantial (though lower) concentrations. These results are consistent with the hypothesis (derived from the tissue-culture studies) that the @entity1457 effect is a general response to the need for increased protein catabolism within the cell. Increased concentrations of HShock:1 are also observed in preparations of blood leukocytes collected from @entity1 after surgery, indicating that some types of physiological @entity130 may induce the @entity1457 proteins in @entity1 . Using the antiHShock:1 antibody in an immunoassay, it will be possible to systematically examine HShock:1 concentrations in plasma and leukocytes, thereby opening up the possibility of a clinical test based for the first time upon an inducible aspect of cellular gene expression.

title: A two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the heat-shock-induced proteins of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4561 Background: Standard chemotherapy for advanced @entity2971 is @entity12962 ( @entity1732 , @entity2879 , @entity900 ). 5-year survival is > 90% in good-risk disease, but only ~80% in intermediate and ~ 60% in poor risk disease. Accelerated (dose-dense) versions of standard regimens have proven more effective in other @entity5 . We aimed to determine feasibility, tolerability and activity of an accelerated version of @entity12962 . METHODS: Single arm, multi-center, phase I/II trial (n=45 recruited). Target population was @entity1 with advanced germ cell @entity5 and radiologically measurable disease. @entity1 with @entity5 markers as only evidence of disease were ineligible. Treatment was @entity900 20mg/m(2) and @entity2879 100mg/m(2) on days 1-5, and pegylated G-CSF 6mg on day 6, all repeated every 2 weeks for 4 cycles (3 cycles for good risk). @entity1732 was given at 30kIU weekly to a total 12 doses (9 doses for good risk). Primary endpoint was regimen feasibility. RESULTS: Results are presented for the 1st 41 @entity1 enrolled from February 2008 to July 2010. 10 had poor risk disease (1 female), 15 intermediate risk, 16 good risk disease. Median follow-up is 14 months (range 2 to 27). At least 36 (88%) were eligible to start a 4th cycle of @entity12962 on schedule or with no more than 1 week delay. Adverse events are presented in table 1. 22 of 41 @entity1 (9 of 25 @entity1 with intermediate or poor risk, 13 of 16 @entity1 with good risk) achieved a complete response to chemotherapy +/- surgery. 4 of 41 @entity1 have relapsed including one @entity204 . 1 year progression-free survival is 80% for intermediate or poor risk disease, and 100% for good risk disease. 1 year overall survival is 93% for intermediate or poor risk disease, and 100% for good risk disease. CONCLUSIONS: Feasibility and adverse events appears comparable to standard @entity12962 . Efficacy data appears promising. Results from this trial and a similar study in the UK (Williams, ASCO 2008) provide the rationale for an international trial comparing accelerated versus standard versions of @entity12962 . [Table: see text].

title: Accelerated XXXX for advanced @entity2971 : An Australian multicenter phase I/II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['elevated serum tumour', 'tumours', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

answer: @entity12962 :: (CHEBI:34567,Chemical) :: ['BEP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the interval between the onset of symptoms of @entity583 and the @entity1 's call for medical assistance ( @entity1 delay) is related to left ventricular function at the time of presentation. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Coronary care unit of Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. @entity1 : 93 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Left @entity64 distance, expressed as a percentage of the age predicted normal value, measured first on admission, and then daily for 10 days or until discharge. @entity1 were questioned at admission to determine the time of onset of symptoms and the time of their call for medical assistance. RESULTS: Median (range) @entity1 delay was 30 (1-360) min. Mean (SD) @entity64 distance on admission was 70(18)%, rising to 77(19)% on the second recording, and to 84(18)% on the day of discharge. Linear regression of log(e)( @entity1 delay) against first, second, and last measurements of @entity64 distance gave correlation coefficients of 0.28 (P < 0.01), 0.18 (not significant), and 0.11 (not significant), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 delay within the first 4 h after the onset of symptoms of @entity583 is positively related to left ventricular function on admission. A possible explanation is that deteriorating left ventricular function influences the @entity1 's decision to call for help. This tendency for @entity1 with more severe @entity1188 to call for help sooner is an added reason for giving thrombolytic treatment at the first opportunity: those who call early have most to gain from prompt management.

title: Delay between the onset of symptoms of XXXX and seeking medical assistance is influenced by left ventricular function at presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity706 are a heterogeneous group of @entity5 that originate in the lymphatic cells of the immune system. Several risk factors have been identified or suggested, but they all account for only a small proportion of the @entity706 incidence. It has been hypothesised that regular exercise may modulate the immune system and thereby reduce the risk of developing the disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: The European Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort consists of 521,457 adults, recruited by 23 centres in 10 European countries. The analytical cohort included 343,756 @entity1 , with 778 @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) cases (376 @entity1 and 402 @entity1 ) and 690 @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) cases (326 @entity1 and 364 @entity1 ). Multivariate Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for the association between total, recreational, occupational, and household physical activity and @entity1893 and @entity1892 risk, as well as the risk for several @entity1892 subtypes. Models were stratified by study centre and age at recruitment and adjusted for various potential confounding factors. RESULTS: We found no evidence of any effect of total physical activity on @entity1893 (adjusted p-trend=0.76 and 0.30 for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively) and @entity1892 risk (adjusted p-trend=0.99 and 0.21 for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively) for either @entity1 or @entity1 . Also no robust results were found for @entity1892 subtype analyses among @entity1 or @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study provided no consistent evidence for an association between various physical activity measures and the risk of @entity706 or any of the @entity1892 subtypes.

title: Physical activity and @entity706 in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and nutrition (EPIC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoid neoplasms', 'lymphoid neoplasms', 'lymphoid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-NHL', 'B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the dynamics of the shear modulus of the liver to assess the optimal driving frequency and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of generalized frequency-independent elasticity cutoff values for staging @entity1575 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This institutional review board-approved prospective study included 16 healthy volunteers and 72 @entity1 with biopsy-proved liver @entity82 . After obtaining written informed consent, imaging was performed at 1.5-T by using a motion-sensitized echo-planar imaging sequence. Wave excitation was performed by an actuator introducing a superposition of four frequencies (25.0, 37.5, 50.0, 62.5 Hz) of shear waves. The elasticity    value and the structure geometry parameter a were calculated by using the two-parameter springpot model. The performance of magnetic resonance (MR) elastography in staging liver @entity82 was assessed with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: Elasticity increased with stage of @entity82 , with mean values as follows: for volunteers, 2.25 kPa    0.43 (standard deviation); stage F1, 2.61 kPa    0.43; stage F2, 3.00 kPa    0.63; stage F3, 3.86 kPa    0.61; and stage F4, 5.86 kPa    1.22. Frequency-independent cutoff values derived for @entity82 and AUROC values, respectively, were as follows: stage F1 or higher, 2.84 kPa and 0.9128; stage F2 or higher, 3.18 kPa and 0.9244; stage F3 or higher, 3.32 kPa and 0.9744; and equivalent to stage F4, 4.21 kPa and 0.9931. The geometry of the tissue (a value) did not correlate with @entity82 . Frequencies of 50.0 Hz and 62.5 Hz displayed the highest diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic performance of multifrequency MR elastography in determining the degree of @entity1575 increases with stage of @entity82 . Metrics obtained at the higher frequencies provide better diagnostic performance compared with the lower frequencies. Results of the AUROC analysis demonstrate the high accuracy of frequency-independent cutoff values for staging higher grades of @entity1575 .

title: Viscoelasticity-based staging of XXXX with multifrequency MR elastography.

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['hepatic fibrosis']


abstract: We describe here a @entity1 who obtained a good analgesic effect with high-dose @entity3575 patches for controlling @entity5 . A 52-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of severe @entity5 that was 7/10 on a numeric rating scale (NRS). He had been diagnosed with locally advanced @entity201 3 months previously. We prescribed weak opioids and an antidepressant, but his @entity158 was not relieved. We introduced strong opioids (transdermal @entity3575 patches for the background @entity158 and a short-acting opioid for the @entity158 ) and his @entity158 was tolerable on 250   g/hr of @entity3575 patches for 3 months. With time, however, his @entity158 intensity became worse and this reached up to 8/10 to 9/10 on the NRS. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was performed, which did not relieve his @entity158 . We increased gradually the dose of transdermal @entity3575 to 1,050   g/hr (20 patches). At this dose, the @entity1 was mentally alert, with @entity158 control (NRS 2/10 to 3/10) and no exacerbation of side effects. To the best of our knowledge, we report here on the highest dose of transdermal @entity3575 that has been successfully used for treating a @entity1 suffering from visceral @entity5 .

title: High-dose @entity3575 patch for @entity5 of a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'good pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Obesity and body @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) are established risk factors for @entity102 . The body mass index (BMI) and the waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR) are used conventionally as indices of @entity28 and @entity1386 in epidemiological studies. Although some general limitations of these indices are recognized, others that affect their use in relative risks for disease are not well recognized. These include effects of sex, ethnicity, and especially age on the relationships between these indices and body composition, which can result in substantial misclassification of @entity28 and @entity1386 . There is considerable variability in body composition for any BMI, and some individuals with low BMIs have as much fat as those with high BMIs. This results in poor sensitivity for classifying levels of body @entity1386 (e.g., too many "false negatives," or overweight individuals classified as not overweight), and relative risks are attenuated across all categories of BMI. A more serious problem, however, is that at different ages the same levels of BMI correspond to different amounts of fat and fat-free mass. Data from the Rosetta Study and the New Mexico Aging Process Study show that older adults have, on average, more fat than younger adults at any BMI, due to the loss of muscle mass with age. As a result, the sensitivity of BMI cutpoints with respect to body @entity1386 decreases with age, and the use of a fixed cutpoint for all ages results in "differential misclassification bias." Taken together, these issues suggest that the increases with age in the prevalences of overweight and @entity28 , and in the risks for @entity102 , may be mis-estimated using BMI. Similar issues may affect the use of WHR for estimating prevalences and associated risks of @entity1386 . New field methods for estimating body composition are available that can be applied in large, epidemiologic follow-up studies of @entity102 . These methods will allow epidemiologists to consider, for example, whether it is increased fat, or the replacement of fat-free mass with fat, with age that is associated with risk for @entity102 .

title: Human body composition and the epidemiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fatness', 'fat distribution', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity158 and @entity308 are two of the most prevalent and treatable @entity5 , each present in at least 20-30% of oncology @entity1 . Both symptoms are frequently either unrecognized or undertreated, however. This article describes a telecare management intervention delivered by a nurse-psychiatrist team that is designed to improve recognition and treatment of @entity158 and @entity308 . The enrolled sample is also described. METHODS: The Indiana @entity5 study is a National @entity5 Institute-sponsored randomized clinical trial. Four hundred five @entity1 with @entity5 -related @entity158 and/or clinically significant @entity308 from 16 urban or rural oncology practices throughout Indiana have been enrolled and randomized to either the intervention group or to a usual-care control group. Intervention @entity1 receive centralized telecare management coupled with automated home-based symptom monitoring. Outcomes will be assessed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months by research assistants blinded to treatment arms. RESULTS: Of 4465 @entity1 screened, 2185 (49%) endorsed symptoms of @entity158 or @entity308 . Of screen-positive @entity1 , about one-third were ineligible (most commonly due to @entity158 or @entity308 not meeting severity thresholds or to @entity158 that is not related to @entity5 ). Of the 405 @entity1 enrolled, 32% have @entity308 only, 24% have @entity158 only and 44% have both @entity308 and @entity158 . At baseline, @entity1 reported an average of 16.8 days out of the past 4 weeks during which they were confined to bed or had to reduce their usual activities by > or =50% due to @entity158 or @entity308 . Also, 176 (44%) reported being unable to work due to health reasons. CONCLUSIONS: When completed, the Indiana @entity5 trial will test whether centralized telecare management coupled with automated home-based symptom monitoring improves outcomes in @entity5 @entity1 with @entity308 and/or @entity158 . Findings will be important for both oncologists and mental health clinicians confronted with oncology @entity1 ' @entity308 or @entity158 .

title: The Indiana @entity5 (INCPAD) trial Design of a telecare management intervention for XXXX and baseline characteristics of study @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Pain and Depression', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'cancer-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-related symptoms']


abstract: @entity302 presents many different challenges requiring a careful assessment and an individual management plan appropriate to the needs of each @entity1 . The first rule in managing the difficult-to-treat @entity1 is to re-examine the diagnosis. The characterization of the @entity410 may also guide the clinician into prescribing the appropriate therapy. If the @entity1 has failed to respond to first-line antiepileptic drugs, the situation should be reviewed carefully. There may be a role for one of the new antiepileptic drugs. It is important to treat with adequate doses and for adequate duration before deciding whether a drug is effective or not. Failure to do this may deny the @entity1 the benefit of a particular medication. Drugs which affect behaviour or cause lethargy can have a secondary effect on cognition. Failure to treat frequent subtle @entity410 may also have serious cognitive consequences. @entity2812 is of value in treating a variety of different @entity410 types, including subtle @entity410 , and has a low incidence of adverse effects.

title: @entity2812 --managing the challenging XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The biological and cell kinetic properties of the poorly differentiated @entity1 @entity694 cell line SW 620 grown as xenografts in BALB/c athymic @entity19 are described. The SW 620 cells consistently produced @entity5 when inoculated i.v., i.p., and s.c. The lowest cell inoculum requirements were seen i.p. where 10(7) cells produced a 100% incidence. Intravenous inocula (10(5) to 10(8) cells) produced microscopic lung colonies within 30 days, becoming macroscopic nodules after 60 days. @entity5 exhibited a marked R  v  sz effect, using a thromboplastic brain extract which increased both @entity5 incidence and growth rate. All SW 620 xenografts presented a poorly differentiated morphology with extensive @entity39 foci. No metastatic involvement was noted in any @entity19 tissues. No demonstrable levels of carcinoembryonic antigen were present in the sera of animals bearing s.c. xenografts greater than 5.0 cu cm. Early SW 620 xenografts (0.3 to 0.6 cu cm) exhibited a characteristically @entity1 cell kinetic profile (Tc congruent to 34 to 43 hr; Ts congruent to 22 hr), with a growth fraction of 30.5% as measured by the primer-available DNA polymerase-index and a high cell loss factor (45%). Among late xenografts (1.1 to 1.6 cu cm), the kinetic events noted were an increase in the Tc, cell loss and, unexpectedly, an increase in the primer-available DNA polymerase index. A colony formation assay was established with the use of mechanical mincing plus collagenase (150 IU/ml; 37 degrees; 30 min), which produced a mean plating efficiency of 33.6 +/- 7.2% (S.E.) for s.c. xenografts (range, 14.6 to 51.0%). The SW 620 xenograft model possesses the biological and cell kinetic profile of many @entity1 @entity694 in situ. These properties, coupled with the capacity for large-scale xenograft production, should provide a clinically relevant model for the screening of potential antitumor agents and procedures.

title: Biological properties of the @entity1 @entity694 cell line SW 620 grown as a xenograft in the athymic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Subcutaneous tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenocarcinomas', 'colonic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Normothermic, temporary, total @entity63 of the liver was produced for 60-225 min under transient portal decompression with a by-pass between the mesenteric and the femoral vein. Total @entity1522 in the liver tended to increase after an ischemic period of more than 120 min without reperfusion as compared with control with increasing trends in most of the individual @entity1522 . In a group undergoing 120 min of @entity63 and 60 min of reperfusion, total @entity1522 and individual @entity1522 tended to decrease. Total plasma @entity1522 significantly increased after @entity63 of more than 120 min. Without reperfusion, elevations of almost all @entity1522 except for branched chain @entity1522 were found, whereas after reperfusion most of the individual @entity1522 also increased including branched chain @entity1522 . Molar ratios of branched chain @entity1522 to @entity669 and @entity815 decreased only after more than 120 min @entity63 without reperfusion. Volume ratios of organelle disintegration on electron micrographs such as mitochondrial degradation and autophagic vacuoles were moderately increased after 90 min @entity63 with a further steep rise after more than 120 min @entity63 . The survival rates of the animals after 60, 90 and 120 min @entity63 were 35% (6/17), 27% (3/11) and 25% (3/12), respectively. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) Pre- @entity39 of the hepatocytes with simultaneous @entity1797 started after @entity63 for about 2 hr. The survival rates of the animals after 60 and 90 min @entity63 were very low despite of mild @entity39 of the liver. 2) Most of the @entity1522 in the liver were washed out into the plasma to cause an abnormal plasma @entity535 pattern in the acute state. However, the molar ratio of branched chain @entity1522 to aromatic group was not reduced, in contrast to the ischemic group without reperfusion.

title: Postischemic liver damage in rats: XXXX analysis and morphometric studies.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['protein degradation']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous non-occlusive @entity63 involving the cecum alone (isolated cecal @entity39 ) is a rare condition that is generally due to a low-flow state: shock. It presents with right lower quadrant @entity490 and may resemble @entity697 . Little is known about postoperative @entity63 @entity39 of the remaining colon after surgical treatment of isolated cecal @entity39 . We report four cases of isolated cecal @entity39 mimicking @entity697 seen at our institution within a 4-year period. CASE PRESENTATION: The @entity1 were two @entity1 and two @entity1 with a mean age at diagnosis of 59 years (range 46-68). The @entity1 were of Turkish ethnic origin. All @entity1 presented to the emergency room with acute @entity490 and had symptoms of @entity390 and @entity391 . The medical histories for three of the @entity1 revealed @entity454 requiring hemodialysis. The other @entity1 had @entity1030 . Right hemicolectomy with @entity254 was performed in three @entity1 and cecal resection with ileocolostomy was performed in the remaining one @entity1 . All of the @entity1 healed without complications. Median follow-up of @entity1 was 24.5 (range: 17-37) months. There was no recurrence of @entity63 in the remaining colon during the follow-up period of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Isolated cecal @entity1188 should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute @entity158 in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, especially in those @entity1 on chronic hemodialysis. While @entity63 of the intestine has high morbidity, mortality and recurrence rates, @entity1 with isolated cecal @entity39 have a good prognosis with early diagnosis and surgical treatment compared to those with @entity63 .

title: XXXX mimicking @entity697 : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis', 'diffuse ischemic disease', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['Isolated cecal necrosis']


abstract: The thrombolytic efficacy of recombinant single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (rscu-PA) was studied in an open-chest @entity235 model of @entity1186 . @entity235 (n = 16) were anesthetized, a left thoracotomy performed, and a two cm segment of the left circumflex coronary artery was isolated and instrumented with an electromagnetic flow probe, an intracoronary stimulation electrode, and an adjustable mechanical occluder. Anodal direct current (100 microA) was applied to the stimulation electrode until @entity715 occurred (n = 14). After 30 min of @entity715 , rscu-PA was administered intravenously. @entity235 were sacrificed either 6 h after thrombolysis or 6.5 h after initiation of rscu-PA when thrombolysis did not occur. In group A (30-50 micrograms/kg bolus rscu-PA + 20-40 micrograms/kg/min infusion rscu-PA for 30 min, n = 5) thrombolysis occurred in one case (20%) and this artery reoccluded. In group B (250 micrograms/kg bolus rscu-PA + 25 micrograms/kg/min infusion rscu-PA for 30 min, n = 6) all reperfused and only one reoccluded (16.6%). In group C (200 micrograms/kg bolus rscu-PA + 100 micrograms/kg/min rscu-PA infusion for 30 min, n = 2) both reperfused and neither reoccluded. @entity1188 size, determined as a percentage of left ventricle, was smaller when thrombolysis was followed by persistent reperfusion (n = 7), than when reperfusion did not occur (n = 4): 16.9 +/- 3.7% vs 31.3 +/- 2.2%, respectively (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.02). If thrombolysis was followed by reocclusion, @entity1188 size was 27.0 +/- 10.0%. In this study thrombolysis occurred when changes in prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and fibrin split products were suggestive of systemic finbrinogenolysis. In conclusion, effective thrombolysis with rscu-PA appears to limit @entity1188 size and to be accompanied by evidence of systemic fibrinolysis.

title: Recombinant single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (rscu-PA) induces thrombolysis and systemic fibrinolysis in a @entity235 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery thrombosis']

answer: @entity1186 :: (MESH:D003328,Disease) :: ['coronary artery thrombosis']


abstract: The @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) family of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is identified for the first time in boar sperm and is associated with capacitation and @entity669 phosphorylation (tyr-P). Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) modulate this signal transduction. Western immunoblotting detected the @entity3963 pathway components @entity10242 , @entity16629 , and @entity1366 in extracts from fresh @entity12179 and determined that their phosphoprotein profiles differed in a capacitation-dependent fashion. Capacitation was accompanied by appearance of two new ERKs (158 and 161 kDa) and disappearance of others. Capacitation was verified with increased tyr-P, which was inhibited by a 30-min pre-exposure of fresh boar sperm to a @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase ROS-generating system prior to the capacitating incubation; ROS pre-exposure also affected the phosphorylation of @entity10242 , @entity16629 , and @entity1366 . Preincubating sperm with inhibitors of the @entity3963 components with or without the ROS generator affected subsequent capacitation. Inhibiting @entity1366 inhibited tyr-P of capacitated @entity12179 proteins of 172, 97, and 66 kDa (P  <= 0.04); with ROS, this inhibition increased (P < 0.002) and tyr-P of 111 kDa declined (P < 0.028). Pre-exposure to ROS plus @entity16629 inhibitor prevented capacitation-induced tyr-P of proteins of 187 (P < 0.01) and 112 kDa (P < 0.04) versus capacitation with or without ROS. Therefore, @entity1366 components of the MAPK pathway significantly regulate boar sperm capacitation, and @entity10242 and @entity16629 may have some lesser influence through crosstalk with different pathways. ROS affect @entity10242 , @entity16629 , and @entity1366 and could influence the sequential events of boar sperm capacitation.

title: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) pathway and reactive XXXX species regulate @entity669 phosphorylation in capacitating @entity12179 .

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['boar spermatozoa']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The incidence and prognostic significance of positive intraperitoneal cytology taken during a radical hysterectomy was reviewed. A prospective study looking at intraperitoneal cytology was conducted by using 400 consecutive radical hysterectomies from January 1988 through June 1996. All selected @entity1 had peritoneal washings performed prior to a radical hysterectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. A single pathologist reviewed all cytological and histologic specimens. A total of 400 @entity1 were included in the study. Only 7 of 400 (1.8%) had positive intraperitoneal cytology. Four had @entity1544 and 3 had @entity420 . Five had stage IB cervical @entity5 and the remainder were stage IIA. Three had positive nodes. Six of 7 had @entity5 size greater than 3 cm. Three of 7 had > 50% invasion and 2 of 7 had lymphovascular space invasion. No other risk factors were present in these specimens. Six of 7 recurred within 18 months of surgery. Recurrences were local or retroperitoneal; none were upper abdomen or intraperitoneal. The incidence of positive peritoneal cytology during radical hysterectomy is 1.8%. The cost of these cytology specimens did not offer an advantage to the current surgical-pathological factors used to determine prognosis and adjuvant therapy.

title: Significance of intraperitoneal cytology in XXXX undergoing radical hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The article presents clinical course analysis of essential @entity1148 in 17 @entity1 aged 29-82. The diagnostic criteria were the same as described by Polycythemia Vera Study Group. Mean platelet level of diagnosis was 1680 x 10(9)/l. @entity548 complications were observed in 42% of the @entity1 , while @entity715 ones or @entity887 in 35%. In two cases both types of complications occurred. Asymptomatic course of the disease was observed in 5 @entity1 . The statistical analysis proved that the @entity1 with platelet count between 900-1900 x 10(9)/l are in danger of developing @entity715 episodes and thus antiaggregation treatment should be considered. If platelet level exceeds 1900 x 10(9)/l the risk of @entity548 increases, so antiaggregation treatment is contraindicated and thrombocytapheresis is advised instead. The @entity1 was started on treatment when platelet count was above 1000 x 10(9)/l in asymptomatic cases or with lower platelet level in symptomatic ones. The treatment consisted of busulphan, @entity1862 or interferon alpha (in one of the @entity1 ) until lowering platelet level below 600 x 10(9)/l.

title: [Essential XXXX --clinical course from personal material].

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhagic', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolisms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['thrombocythemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Blood stream penetrates through the lacerations of the arterial layers determining dissecting @entity439 . Each intramural clot localization determines different clinical form. OBJECTIVE: We present the clinical observations carried out in two @entity1 with vertebrobasilar dissecting @entity439 and we review the state of the art of this process to remark the early identification of these unusual lesions. CASE REPORTS: Two cases of vertebrobasilar dissecting @entity439 were described. They were young @entity1 that debuted, one as posteroinferior artery brain steam @entity1188 and the other one as a @entity510 caused by a right posterior cerebral artery dissecting @entity439 . Lesions were confirmed by helicoidal cerebral angiotomographic and angiograms. This @entity1 was operated on and we clipped the posterior communicating that irrigated dissecting segment. We carry out an anatomical and hemodynamic analysis of that lesion. Both @entity1 had a satisfactory clinical evolution. CONCLUSIONS: Dissecting intramural @entity1410 of the vertebrobasilar territory are frequent cause of young @entity1 ictus. It has been suggested that the ictus may happen after minor @entity542 and @entity158 , main symptom, always precedes @entity51 signs. Hemorrhagic presentation has a high incidence of rebleeding and elevated mortality. It always requires, as soon as possible, direct microsurgical treatment or endovascular methods (coils). Most useful microsurgical procedure, until today, is parent artery clipping. This technique has a low index of @entity16 .

title: [Cerebral dissecting XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['isquemic and neural postoperative damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge, the natural history of disease progression to distant @entity3 is unknown in @entity1 who fail to achieve an undetectable @entity1486 (PSA) level after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP),. The authors assessed the clinical outcome of @entity1 with a persistently detectable PSA level after RRP for clinically localized @entity263 . METHODS: Between 1989 and 2002, 160 @entity1 failed to achieve an undetectable PSA level (>/= 0.1 ng/mL) after undergoing RRP for clinically localized @entity263 . No @entity1 received adjuvant therapy before documented @entity3 . The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate distant @entity3 -free survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the ability of clinical and pathologic variables to predict distant @entity3 -free survival. RESULTS: The probability of distant @entity3 -free survival at 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years was reported to be 68%, 49%, and 22%, respectively. Seventy-five @entity1 (47%) developed distant metastases after RRP (median time to metastases of 5.0 years; range, 0.5-13 years). The combination of RRP Gleason score, seminal vesicle status, and lymph node status resulted in 3 risk groups for the prediction of distant @entity3 -free survival (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.6; P < 0.01). The slope of PSA changes approximately 3-12 months after RRP at a cutoff value >/= 0.05 was found to be even more predictive of distant @entity3 -free survival (HR = 2.9; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 remained free of @entity3 for an extended period despite failing to achieve an undetectable PSA level after undergoing RRP for clinically localized @entity263 . However, other @entity1 experienced rapid disease progression to distant @entity3 . The authors defined clinical (PSA slope) and pathologic (Gleason score) prognostic variables to help identify those @entity1 with a higher risk of developing distant @entity3 after undergoing RRP.

title: Natural history of disease progression in @entity1 who fail to achieve an undetectable XXXX level after undergoing radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exenatide on fat deposition and a metabolic profile in @entity1 with @entity209 . METHODS: An uncontrolled, open clinical study was carried out in 10 @entity1 with @entity209 and without pharmacological treatment. @entity1 received exenatide (5    g) subcutaneously twice daily for 1 month. Before and after the intervention, metabolic profile and phases of @entity2690 secretion and @entity2690 sensitivity were estimated. To assess @entity2690 secretion and sensitivity, the @entity1602 was performed. Computed tomography was performed to evaluate both subcutaneous and visceral fat. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure were decreased by exenatide. Subcutaneous fat deposition decreased by 4.4% compared to the basal value. There were significant decreases in total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , as well as an increment in the first phase of @entity2690 secretion after the intervention. CONCLUSION: One-month administration of exenatide significantly decreased subcutaneous fat deposition by 4.4%, improving the metabolic profile in @entity1 with @entity209 .

title: Effect of exenatide on fat deposition and a metabolic profile in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The @entity5 -promoting @entity4621 @entity864 ( @entity865 ) was found to induce the biosynthesis and deposition of two cytoskeletal components in the @entity1 erythroleukemic cell line K562 with apparent Mr = 55,000 and 46,000. A time course showed that maximal changes in these cytoskeletal components occurred as early as 24 h after treatment and were maintained at least as long as 72 h. By immunoprecipitation, one of the induced cytoskeletal components was identified as @entity2277 . There was approximately a 10-fold induction of @entity2277 biosynthesis following @entity865 treatment. The other @entity865 -induced protein was found to co-migrate with purified actin in @entity3208 - @entity2975 gels. Neither of these proteins was induced in the closely related @entity1 @entity1358 . By in vitro protein synthesis directed by total cellular RNA isolated from K562 cells, induction of @entity2277 biosynthesis was found to correlate with increases in the level of @entity2277 mRNA activity. A time course showed that @entity2277 mRNA activity was detectably elevated as early as 3 h after @entity865 treatment and reached a maximum by 12 h then the level decreased. By RNA dot blot and Northern gel hybridization using a cloned @entity1 actin cDNA, we found that there was also an induction of actin mRNA. A time course showed that there was an elevation of actin mRNA as early as 1 h after @entity865 treatment. The level then increased to a maximum at 6 h, after which the level decreased. These results are consistent with the induction of @entity2277 and actin gene transcription by @entity865 in K562 cells.

title: Induction of cytoskeletal @entity2277 and actin gene expression by a @entity5 -promoting @entity4621 in the XXXX leukemic cell line K562.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemic cell line, HEL']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Twenty-three unrelated mongrel @entity235 underwent successful transplantation of the entire small intestine in the orthotopic location. Four groups of unrelated mongrel @entity235 were studied. Group I (n = 6) animals served as controls and received no immunosuppression. Survival of 5.3 +/- 3.8 days (M +/- SD) was noted. Poor survival (7.2 +/- 7.9 days; M +/- SD) was also seen in Group II (n = 6) @entity235 receiving immunosuppression with @entity500 post-operatively. Animals in Group III (n = 6) were treated with @entity205 , until @entity204 or sacrifice at 40 days, and demonstrated a prolonged survival of (17.5 +/- 13.7 days; M +/- SD). All animals in Groups I, II and III were immediately transplanted with fresh bowel from the donor animal. Small bowel allografts in Group IV (n = 5) animals were stored for 24 hours in @entity8585 (a hypersomolar colloid solution containing @entity855 -MgC1(2)) prior to transplantation. These animals received the same amount of @entity205 as those in Group III, and similar survival was noted (16.4 +/- 12.9 days; M +/- SD) (p greater than 0.1). These results indicate that transplanted animals who were treated with @entity205 post-operatively, and for successive days thereafter (Groups III and IV), achieved prolonged but not uniformly indefinite graft survival. Most importantly, similar survival among these two groups was evident, whether or not the allograft was fresh, or preserved for 24 hours in hypothermic storage with TP-V prior to transplantation.

title: Effect of XXXX on fresh and preserved orthotopic small bowel allografts.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity8585 :: ('MESH:D016731', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermic TP-V']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1020 , the end stage of age-related @entity1020 (ARM), is the leading cause of @entity1939 worldwide, and few modifiable risk factors are known. The high concentration of carotenoids in the macula, plus evidence linking oxidative stress to ARM and carotenoids to antioxidation, generated the hypothesis that higher antioxidant intakes can prevent ARM. Results of observational and intervention studies have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations between intakes of @entity219 and antioxidant micronutrients and early ARM. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1995, ARM was assessed in 398 Boston-area @entity1 aged 53-74 y using the Wisconsin Age-related @entity1020 System of grading retinal fundus photographs. The @entity1 were a subset of the Nurses' Health Study cohort. Micronutrient intake was assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires administered four times between 1980 and the baseline eye examinations. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders, 1980 energy-adjusted intakes of @entity2077 , @entity2066 , @entity14319 , total @entity904 , total @entity904 , and total @entity270 were significantly inversely related to the prevalence of @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Furthermore, increasing frequency of consuming foods high in alpha-or @entity2066 was associated with lower odds of @entity66 ; compared to @entity1 consuming these foods < 5 times/wk, odds ratios (95% CI) were 0.7 (0.3-1.6) for 5-6 times/wk, 0.6 (0.2-1.3) for 7-9.5 times/wk, and 0.3 (0.1-0.7)for > or =10 times/wk. @entity8665 / @entity7695 intakes and more recent intakes of most carotenoids were unrelated to @entity66 , and intakes of @entity219 and antioxidant micronutrients were unrelated to having large or intermediate drusen alone.

title: Intake of @entity219 and antioxidant micronutrients and early age-related XXXX lesions.

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'pigmentary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2077 :: ('MESH:C041635', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-carotene']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal blindness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Maculopathy', 'maculopathy', 'Macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: Understanding disease etiology is key for effective preventive or therapeutic interventions. Knowledge about risk factors is useful to the clinician to answer @entity1 ' questions about the possible cause(s) of their presenting disorders. This article describes the three most common types of etiologic studies using examples from the published literature on the risk factors for @entity615 . Cohort studies typically follow a group of "healthy" @entity1 forward in time to assess disease outcome after risk factors have already been measured. Case-control studies use @entity1 selected on the basis of outcome status; risk factors are assessed after the fact. Although more prone to bias than cohort studies, case control studies are more common in @entity615 research because of the ease of examining several risk factors simultaneously and the expense of cohort studies. Prevalence studies use a random sample of @entity1 collected at a single point in time; consequently there is no predetermined number of "cases" and "controls," their numbers depending on the prevalence of disease and exposures in the samples. To assist in the interpretation of research findings this paper presents a general framework for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of an individual study. Case-control studies are discussed in more detail because they are so commonly encountered in the etiologic literature. Finally, because the evidence from a single study, no matter how well designed and executed, is never enough on its own to decide if a risk factor is causal or not, the paper concludes by briefly summarizing the criteria for inferring causation using the full body of available biologic and epidemiologic literature.

title: A guide to interpreting epidemiologic studies on the etiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: AIMS: To demonstrate non-inferiority of ranibizumab treat-and-extend (T_E) with/without laser to ranibizumab pro re nata (PRN) for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: A 24-month single-masked study with @entity1 randomised 1:1:1 to T_E+laser (n=121), T_E (n=128) or PRN (control; n=123). All @entity1 received monthly injections until BCVA stabilisation. The investigator decided on re-treatment in the PRN and treatment-interval adaptations in the T_E groups based on loss of BCVA stability due to @entity6 activity. Likewise, laser treatment was at investigator's discretion. Collectively, these features reflect a real-life scenario. Endpoints included mean average change in BCVA from baseline to months 1-12 (primary), mean BCVA change from baseline to months 12 and 24, treatment exposure and safety profile. RESULTS: Both T_E regimens were non-inferior to PRN based on mean average BCVA change from baseline to months 1-12 (T_E+laser: +5.9 and T_E: +6.1 vs PRN: +6.2 letters; both p<0.0001). Mean BCVA change at month 24 was similar across groups (+8.3, +6.5 and +8.1 letters, respectively). The mean number of injections was 12.4 and 12.8 in the T_E+laser and T_E groups and 10.7 in the PRN group. The T_E regimens showed 46% reduction in the number of clinic visits. Over 70% of @entity1 maintained their BCVA, with treatment intervals of >= 2   months over 24   months. Safety profile was consistent with that described in the product information. CONCLUSIONS: T_E is a feasible treatment option for @entity1 with @entity6 , with a potential to reduce treatment burden. Slightly more injections were required versus PRN, likely due to the specifics of the T_E regimen applied here. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01171976.

title: Ranibizumab 0.5   mg treat-and-extend regimen for XXXX : the RETAIN study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular oedema', 'DMO']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular oedema']


abstract: We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in @entity95 eyes. A sponge soaked with @entity1139 was placed on the bared sclera after conjunctival incision. We used four concentrations of @entity1139 in distilled water: 0%, 0.04%, 0.1%, and 0.4%. @entity1139 was applied to one eye only, with the fellow eye serving as control. The eyes were studied for intraocular pressure (IOP) and by fluorophotometry at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of treatment. Eyes treated with 0.04% and 0.4% @entity1139 were studied histologically at 3 and 28 days. All the @entity1139 -treated eyes showed no significant changes regarding IOP (56 eyes) or fluorophotometric features (28 eyes) regarding aqueous humor dynamics and blood-aqueous barrier. Pathologic changes of the ciliary epithelium, including intracellular vacuoles and swelling of mitochondria, were more pronounced in eyes treated with 0.4% @entity1139 than those treated with 0.04%. These changes were more manifest in areas inner to the site of application than in the opposite area. Topical application of 0.04% @entity1139 thus showed no evident toxic effects on the function of the ciliary body and other pathological changes were minor.

title: [The cytotoxic effect of topical @entity1138 on the ciliary body in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL SYMPTOMS: A 58-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with acute @entity662 and subfebrile temperatures. Two years ago, endovascular aortic stent-graft placement had been performed for acute @entity1580 complicated by malperfusion syndrome. DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT: CT angiography showed a discrete soft-tissue attenuation mass between the aorta and esophagus. The @entity1 developed progressive @entity1282 and esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy demonstrated deep esophageal ulcerations at the level of the implanted aortic stent-graft. Intravenous treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics was started. The FDG-PET/CT scan showed increased FDG uptake and air entrapment in the affected region establishing the diagnosis of aortoesophageal @entity292 formation. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: Given the generally poor condition of the @entity1 and the high risk of any @entity146 surgical intervention, a new limited surgical approach was chosen consisting of open transthoracic esophageal resection, blind closure of the stomach and cervical esophagostomy. A percutaneous @entity5274 was placed. After three months, esophageal continuity was restored by retrosternal colon interposition. The presented therapeutic management resulted in a full recovery of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Aortoesophageal @entity292 is a rare complication of thoracic aortic stent-graft placement. @entity1 may present with unspecific symptoms such as fever and rised inflammatory markers, but may also present with massive @entity360 . The herein presented limited therapy with esophageal resection represents a promising to the otherwise difficult therapy of aortoesophageal @entity292 .

title: [Successful treatment of secondary aortoesophageal XXXX after thoracic endovascular aortic repair].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['swallow disorder']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type B aortic dissection']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) is one of the available operation methods for @entity0 . We discuss here indications for SSM for primary @entity0 . We carried out SSM for 28 @entity1 with @entity0 . Their clinical features were compared with those in @entity1 who underwent breast-conserving treatment (BCT). Fifteen of the 28 @entity1 received SSM according to schedule. The remaining 13 @entity1 who were scheduled to undergo BCT received SSM because of involvement of the surgical margin. Clinical features indicating suitability for SSM included extensive @entity5 growth and multicentricity. The length of @entity5 growth in these @entity1 was significantly greater than that in 24 @entity1 who received BCT (2.28 versus 0.571 cm; P = 0.000078). @entity5 size and tumor-nipple distance were not indicating factors for this treatment. SSM, which is advantageous in terms of aesthetic outcome and oncologic safety, may be widely indicated after careful evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging or pathologic examination.

title: Indication for skin-sparing mastectomy with or without nipple preservation for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'intraductal cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: CaM kinase II is known to be enriched in @entity1 and avian brains. To determine the holoenzymic composition and functional characteristics of this kinase, a new approach for isolation was applied to isolate it from the @entity1573 forebrain. Forebrains of hatched 45-d @entity1573 were dissected, homogenized, and centrifuged. The supernatant was loaded onto a CaM-agarose affinity column and the calmodulin-binding proteins were eluted with EGTA. Selected eluates were loaded onto the antibody-agarose affinity column, which was prepared with monoclonal antibody (MAb) (6G9) to the CaM kinase II alpha subunit. Samples were subjected to @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) and either @entity575 -stained or blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The protein composition and the immunoreactivity of the antibody-agarose affinity eluate fractions were analyzed with a densitometric scanner. @entity575 staining of gels showed that the beta subunit doublet, the beta' subunit, and a putative substrate were coeluted with the alpha subunit from the antibody affinity column although only the alpha subunit bound the 6G9 antibody. Scintillation counting showed that the autophosphorylation of the kinase was significantly reduced in the eluate from the antibody affinity column. Whereas @entity575 staining indicated an increase in the relative amount of alpha subunit had occurred during purification, phosphorylation assays indicated an increase in the relative amount of the alpha subunit after the last purification step. A possible reason for this is discussed. The presence of beta/beta' subunits in the antibody-agarose affinity eluate indicated the existence of an alpha beta/beta' heteropolymer. The phosphorylation assay was not a good indication of the amount of purification because of the loss of enzyme activity following purification. In contrast, the immunoassay indicated a 97-fold purification from the cytosolic fraction was achieved using the method. In conclusion, the data indicate the existence of the CaM kinase II alpha beta/beta' heteropolymer in the @entity1573 forebrain.

title: Purification and characterization of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II from XXXX forebrain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity575 :: ('MESH:D012834', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver', 'silver']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Toxic doses of digitalis can induce severe @entity943 in the sinus node. Since digitalis is known to induce electrical uncoupling in heart tissues, it is possible that the @entity943 may be mediated by cell-to-cell uncoupling leading to desynchronization of pacemaker cells. We investigated this possibility using intracellular recordings and two different preparations of isolated @entity95 sinus node. First, the whole sinus node region with the crista terminalis and a portion of right atrium were exposed to 2 microM ouabain in the presence of @entity3897 (0.09 microM) and @entity1169 (0.77 microM). With @entity7832 superfusion, there was a gradual increase in spontaneous discharge, conduction delay, pacemaker shifts, and @entity943 associated with multiple pacemaker sites. Interaction between pacemakers rapidly decreased, and finally atrial arrest was observed. Second, thin strips of sinus node were placed in a three-compartment bath. Superfusion of the central segment (1.0-1.5 mm) with 1-5 microM ouabain led to @entity591 and apparent conduction delay, followed by asynchronous firing and phasic interactions between pacemakers across the central segment. These interactions diminished in the course of intoxication, indicating a gradual increase of electrical uncoupling induced by the drug. All effects were reversible on washout. We conclude that digitalis-induced @entity943 in the sinus node result from cell-to-cell uncoupling and loss of synchrony between pacemaker cells. The pattern of @entity943 can be predicted by the phasic interactions between the pacemakers.

title: Effects of digitalis intoxication on pacemaker rhythm and synchronization in XXXX sinus node.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Flow diversion is increasingly used to treat @entity438 . In previous reports, @entity1 were pretreated with @entity117 and @entity1397 before the intervention for the prevention of @entity1031 complications. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of a new protocol for anticoagulation using @entity6541 during flow diversion. METHODS: All @entity1 received a 0.10- g  kg  min maintenance infusion of @entity6541 intraoperatively without a loading dose. All @entity1 were loaded with @entity117 (325 mg) and @entity1397 (600 mg) just before the procedure or intraoperatively. No @entity1 was pretreated with @entity117 or @entity1397 . @entity1031 were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity1 were treated with this protocol. Six @entity1 (13%) had sustained a @entity510 and were treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device within 24 hours of @entity1756 . The mean number of devices was 1.2    0.66; adjunctive coiling was performed in 3 @entity1 (6.5%). There were 2 complications (4.3%), 1 @entity1031 (2.2%) and 1 hemorrhagic (2.2%; monocular vision loss from occlusion of the central retinal artery in 1 @entity1 and a @entity548 managed conservatively in another @entity1 ). No @entity1 developed @entity882 or retroperitoneal, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary @entity548 . Of 46 @entity1 , 44 (95.7%) had a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at their follow-up visit. CONCLUSION: A protocol of anticoagulation with @entity6541 during flow diversion has an excellent safety profile. This protocol provides a reasonable alternative to pretreatment with @entity117 and @entity1397 and is useful in @entity1 with @entity1756 or when the use of a stent is unexpected. ABBREVIATIONS: @entity1427 /IIIa, glycoprotein IIb/ @entity7826 , Pipeline Embolization DevicePRU, @entity3075 reaction units.

title: A New Protocol for Anticoagulation With XXXX During Flow Diversion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity6541 :: ('CHEBI:9605', 'Chemical') :: ['tirofiban']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity6541 :: (CHEBI:9605,Chemical) :: ['Tirofiban']


abstract: @entity19731 (CaBP-9k) is a @entity460 binding protein expressed at high levels in the @entity35 uterus. The CaBP-9k gene carries an @entity172 response element which is involved in the @entity134 hormone regulation of the gene during the estrous cycle and gestation. The present study was aimed at determining expression of the gene during the first half of pregnancy and to assess the role of @entity1420 (P4) and the @entity172 receptor (ER). Expression of CaBP-9k mRNA was determined by Northern blot analysis during the first 10 days of pregnancy. On pregnancy day 1 (P1), CaBP-9k mRNA levels were relatively high. On @entity7505 mRNA decreased to the detection limit using 10 micrograms total RNA probed with a random primed cDNA. On P10, CaBP-9k transcripts began to reappear at levels of about 30% of P1. Expression of @entity4644 mRNA displayed a continuous increase during this period with a rapid rise of 240% between P2 and P3. The typical increase of P4 accompanied by moderate changes of @entity53 (E2) was determined in serum of experimental groups. When @entity3927 at 10 mg/kg was administered as a single s.c. injection on P3, the CaBP-9k down-regulation was rapidly interrupted and mRNA expression became extremely high. The effect was seen maximally at 24 h post injection and was maintained at 48 and 72 h. Expression of @entity4644 mRNA was increased only moderately at 24 h and was unchanged at 48 and 72 h. Serum P4 remained unaffected by the treatment and E2 displayed a slight increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Expression of @entity19731 in the early pregnant @entity35 uterus: effects of @entity3927 and correlation to XXXX receptor mRNA.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Studies in the area of @entity716 and violence to date suggest that those who suffer from @entity716 are at higher risk for perpetration of such @entity146 behaviours. In fact, it has been suggested that variables such as substance use and personality may mediate this relationship. Other variables, such as childhood physical abuse, might also be implicated in the etiology. In the current study, a sample of one hundred and eighteen @entity1 with a primary diagnosis of @entity716 were interviewed and prevalence rates for @entity146 experiences were as follows: history of trouble with the law (45%), history of @entity734 (9.6%), physical abuse (38.8%), and @entity458 (60.2%). With regard to perpetration, 69.6% reported verbal or physical @entity146 (69.6%), and further, 61% reported problems with substances. Logistic regression procedures were used with a number of the variables under study and relationships were evidenced between psychopathy scores, history of abuse, and regular drug use. History of @entity1 abuse was related to violence history, with those who were victims of @entity1 abuse being more likely to be violent in later life. In addition higher scores on the psychopathy measure were linked with violence history. This study was a first step towards identifying @entity1 suffering from a @entity1032 who may be at risk for violence by identifying who, among first episode clients, may be more likely to perpetrate violent behaviours. Targeted interventions and strategies may be further refined so that individuals receiving mental health services may be better served.

title: Early @entity716 and @entity146 : predictors and prevalence of violent behaviour amongst individuals with early onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['emotional abuse']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e21030 Background: The process of bone metastasization includes numerous steps such as proliferation, invasion and adhesion, involving molecules, growth factors, chemochines and their receptors that confer the bone-like phenotype. Thus, only @entity5 cells with specific features will be able to reach and colonize bone tissue. The early prediction of relapse in this site could be clinically useful to select @entity1 for a tailored therapy based on bone specific drugs such as @entity171 or @entity5298 inhibitors. METHODS: The study retrospectively evaluated the levels of @entity3559 , @entity5741 , @entity16240 , @entity10464 , @entity1096 , @entity11752 , @entity9618 , @entity12020 , COMP, FST, and RANK transcripts by quantitative real-time PCR in the fresh frozen @entity0 samples of 40 @entity1 to predict @entity5 relapse and the sites of relapse. Fifteen @entity1 had no evidence of disease (NEDP), 15 had bone metastases ( @entity6861 ), and 10 had visceral metastases ( @entity16241 ). The predictive accuracy of each marker was calculated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: The median values of each marker were calculated for each subgroup: @entity3559 median values were about 7 times higher in @entity6861 than in control groups (p=0.05); COMP and @entity10464 median values were about twice as high in @entity6861 compared to both NEDP and @entity16241 . The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.73 for @entity3559 , and 0.62 for @entity10464 and COMP. Considering markers as dichotomous variables, @entity3559 expression reached 67% in @entity6861 compared to 21% and 20 % in NEDP and @entity16241 , respectively. @entity3559 was also analyzed in combination with other markers and, considering positivity of at least one marker among @entity3559 , @entity5741 , and @entity16240 , an expression level of 80% was reached for the @entity6861 group, whilst the same low expression level was maintained in both control groups (p=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results show that the analysis of 3 gene expression markers, @entity3559 , @entity5741 and @entity16240 , in primary @entity0 could be useful to predict the @entity1 who will relapse to bone tissue. However, a larger case series should be performed to understand the role of these markers in the selection of @entity1 eligible for adjuvant preventive bone specific therapy.

title: Mini-gene profiling for the prediction of bone metastases in @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Little is known about follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) function during oocyte growth in fishes. The goal of this study was to gain a fundamental understanding of FSH action on ovarian follicles during early secondary oocyte growth by examining changes in ovarian gene expression and steroidogenesis in response to FSH. @entity2322 ( @entity2322 ) mid to late cortical alveolus stage follicles were incubated with or without salmon FSH in time-course and concentration-response experiments. @entity134 levels were determined in the culture medium by immunoassay and levels of target ovarian mRNAs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Medium @entity53 -17b (E2) levels increased in response to FSH and plateaued by 36h, while @entity251 levels increased similarly but were lower and more variable than E2. Gonadotropin receptor transcripts were differentially regulated, with fshr and lhcgr being down- and up- regulated, respectively. Transcripts encoding proteins involved in steroidogenesis, such as star and hsd3b were significantly upregulated by FSH, whereas aromatase (cyp19a1a) mRNA was unaffected by FSH and declined over time in culture. A recently identified teleost gene, bmp16, was suppressed by FSH and an anti-apoptotic factor, clusterin 1 (clu1), was upregulated by FSH. Lesser FSH effects were observed on igf2, cyp11a1 and cyp17a1, which were stimulated, and igf1ra, inhbb, amh and apoe, which were suppressed. As evident by the significant increases in @entity134 production and transcripts for specific steroidogenesis-related proteins, FSH influences steroidogenesis during early secondary growth and may be a critical signal for puberty onset. Effects of FSH on ovarian anti-apoptotic and growth factor genes suggest roles for FSH in cell survival, growth and differentiation in teleosts.

title: Follicle-stimulating hormone regulation of ovarian transcripts for steroidogenesis-related proteins and cell survival, growth and differentiation factors in vitro during early secondary oocyte growth in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2322 :: ('8019', 'Species') :: ['Coho salmon', 'Oncorhynchus kisutch']

answer: @entity2322 :: (8019,Species) :: ['coho salmon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cellular uptake of @entity1501 is mediated by @entity1501 receptor (FR)a. Prior studies indicate that a FRa autoantibody (FRAb) is implicated in poor pregnancy outcomes. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of FRAbs in @entity1 with preterm and term pregnancies, and to investigate the role of maternal FRAbs in @entity600 . METHODS: This prospective observational study included 23 mothers and 25 preterm @entity1 (two twin births) born at gestational age (GA)  <=32  wk and/or birth weight  <=1500  g (group 1) and 25 mother-term @entity1 pairs ( @entity1 born at GA >= 37  wk, group 2). Blocking and binding FRAbs in maternal and in cord blood were determined. The association between maternal FRAbs and pregnancy outcome was measured using multiple logistic regression, adjusted for maternal age and previous @entity600 . RESULTS: The prevalence of FRAbs was 65.2% in @entity1 with @entity600 , which was twofold higher than in those with term pregnancy (28%; relative risk [RR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-4.7). The prevalence of FRAbs in preterm @entity1 (64%) was significantly higher than in term @entity1 (24%; RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.7). Pregnant @entity1 with positive FRAbs had 4.9 times higher odds of having @entity600 (odds ratio, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.4-17.7), adjusted for maternal age and previous @entity600 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the presence of FRAbs might be a contributing factor to @entity600 , which could be prevented with appropriate testing and therapeutic interventions. Further studies are warranted to investigate the possible mechanisms of fetal sensitization resulting in FRAb production in utero and its possible clinical correlates.

title: The role of @entity1501 receptor autoantibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: Reduction of low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) is presently the primary focus of lipid-lowering therapy for prevention and treatment of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). However, the high level of residual risk among statin-treated @entity1 in recent coronary prevention studies indicates the need for modification of other major components of the atherogenic lipid profile. There is overwhelming evidence that a low plasma level of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) is an important independent risk factor for @entity301 . Moreover, a substantial proportion of @entity1 with or at risk of developing premature @entity301 typically exhibit distinct @entity14822 , including low HDL-C levels. Thus, therapeutic intervention aimed at raising HDL-C, within the context of reducing global cardiovascular risk, would benefit such @entity1 , a viewpoint increasingly adopted by international treatment guidelines. Therapeutic options for @entity1 with low HDL-C include treatment with statins, fibrates and @entity1670 , either as monotherapy or in combination. Of these options, @entity1670 is not only the most potent agent for raising HDL-C but is also effective in reducing key atherogenic lipid components including @entity412 -rich lipoproteins (mainly very low-density lipoproteins [VLDL] and VLDL remnants), @entity11429 , and lipoprotein(a). The principal features of the atherogenic lipid profile in type 2 @entity6 and the @entity209 make them logical targets for @entity1670 therapy, either alone or in combination with a statin. The lack of comprehensive European data on the prevalence of low HDL-C levels highlights a critical need for education on the importance of raising HDL-C in @entity301 prevention and treatment. The development of a reliable and accurate assay for HDL-C, as well as clarification of criteria for low and optimal levels of HDL-C in both @entity1 and @entity1 , constitute critical factors in the reliable identification and treatment of @entity1 at elevated risk of @entity301 due to low HDL-C. Based on the available evidence, the European Consensus Panel recommends that the minimum target for HDL-C should be 40 mg/dL (1.03 mmol/L) in @entity1 with @entity301 or with a high level of risk for @entity301 , including @entity1 at high global risk with @entity2175 .

title: Raising high-density lipoprotein XXXX with reduction of cardiovascular risk: the role of @entity1670 --a position paper developed by the European Consensus Panel on HDL-C.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Formal method validation for biospecimen processing in the context of accreditation in laboratories and biobanks is lacking. Serum and plasma processing protocols were validated for fitness-for-purpose in terms of key downstream endpoints, and this article demonstrates methodology for biospecimen processing method validation. METHODS: Serum and plasma preparation from @entity1 blood was optimized for centrifugation conditions with respect to microparticle counts. Optimal protocols were validated for methodology and reproducibility in terms of acceptance criteria based on microparticle counts, DNA and hemoglobin concentration, and metabolomic and proteomic profiles. These parameters were also used to evaluate robustness for centrifugation temperature (4  C versus @entity1054 [ @entity1054 ]), deceleration (low, medium, high) and blood stability (after a 2-hour delay). RESULTS: Optimal protocols were 10-min centrifugation for serum and 20-min for plasma at 2000 g, medium brake, @entity1054 . Methodology and reproducibility acceptance criteria were met for both protocols except for reproducibility of plasma metabolomics. Overall, neither protocol was robust for centrifugation at 4  C versus @entity1054 . @entity1054 gave higher microparticles and free DNA yields in serum, and fewer microparticles with less @entity2142 in plasma. Overall, both protocols were robust for fast, medium, and low deceleration, with a medium brake considered optimal. Pre-centrifugation stability after a 2-hour delay was seen at both temperatures for hemoglobin concentration and proteomics, but not for microparticle counts. CONCLUSIONS: We validated serum and plasma collection methods suitable for downstream protein, metabolite, or free nucleic acid-based applications. Temperature and pre-centrifugation delay can influence analytic results, and laboratories and biobanks should systematically record these conditions in the scope of accreditation.

title: Method validation for preparing serum and plasma samples from XXXX blood for downstream proteomic, metabolomic, and circulating nucleic acid-based applications.

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'room temperature']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the differential microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profiles between @entity1 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and sweat gland-like cells. METHODS: The hBM-MSCs were induced to differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic cells by related osteogenic differentiation basal medium and adipogenic differentiation basal medium respectively. And the results were assayed by @entity21170 and @entity622 red stains respectively. When reaching 70%-80% confluence, primarily cultured sweat gland cells were heat-shocked and co-cultured with hBM-MSCs by a Transwell plate to induce the differentiation of hBM-MSCs. After 10 days, the total RNAs of hBM-MSCs and sweat gland-like cells were extracted, purified, labeled, hybridized and analyzed for predicting miRNAs target genes separately. The microarray results were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: There were 68 miRNAs of >double differentiation on expression level between hBM-MSCs and sweat gland-like cells. And 19 miRNAs were up-regulated and 49 miRNAs down-regulated. Moreover, there were 13 miRNAs with >5 folds of differential expression level between hBM-MSCs and sweat gland-like cells, including 5 up-regulated miRNAs (miRNA-132-3p, -4467, -4484, -146a-5p and -6126) and 8 down-regulated miRNAs (miRNA-708-5p, -138-5p, -6812-5p, -138-1-3p, -1281, -3157-3p, -4298 and -4459). There were 18 miRNAs related to regulation of the signaling pathways of sweat gland development, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinase (MAPK/Erk), Wnt/ @entity3546 (Wnt/b-Catenin) and ectodysplasin-A1/ectodysplasin-A1 receptor ( @entity22577 / @entity22578 ). The results of RT-PCR on miRNA-146a-5p and miRNA-6812-5p had a high concordance with the results of microarray. CONCLUSIONS: There are obvious differentiation miRNAs expression profiles between hBM-MSCs and sweat gland-like cells. And 13 miRNAs >5 folds of differential expression and 18 miRNAs related to sweat gland development may play essential roles in regulated differentiation of hBM-MSCs into sweat gland-like cells.

title: [Differential expression profile of microRNAs between XXXX bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and sweat gland-like cells].

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']