abstract: BACKGROUND: Dedicated orthopaedic @entity130 operating rooms have improved operating room efficiency, physician schedules, and @entity1 outcomes in adult populations. The purpose of this study was to determine if a dedicated orthopaedic @entity130 operating room was associated with improved @entity1 flow and cost savings at a level-I pediatric @entity130 center. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for two 3-year intervals before and after implementation of a weekday, unbooked operating room reserved for orthopaedic @entity130 cases. Index procedures for 5 common @entity174 were investigated, including supracondylar @entity174 , both @entity174 , @entity174 , @entity174 , and @entity3330 . To provide a control group to account for potential extrinsic changes in hospital efficiency, laparoscopic appendectomies were also analyzed. For each procedure, efficiency parameters and surgical complications, defined as unplanned reoperations, were compared between time periods. The mean cost reduction per @entity1 was calculated on the basis of the mean daily cost of an inpatient hospital bed. RESULTS: Of 1,469 orthopaedic procedures analyzed, 719 cases occurred before the implementation of the dedicated orthopaedic @entity130 operating room, and 750 cases were performed after the implementation. The frequency of after-hours procedures (5 P.M. to 7 A.M.) was reduced by 48% (p < 0.001). The mean wait time for the operating room decreased among supracondylar @entity174 , @entity174 , and @entity174 , whereas no significant decrease (p = 0.302) occurred among 2,076 laparoscopic appendectomy cases. The mean duration of the surgical procedure and the mean time in the operating room were not significantly affected. Across all orthopaedic procedures, the mean duration of inpatient hospitalization decreased by 5.6 hours (p < 0.001), but no significant difference occurred among appendectomies. Decreased length of stay resulted in a mean cost reduction of  1,251 per @entity1 . Supracondylar humeral fracture cases performed after implementation of the dedicated orthopaedic @entity130 operating room had fewer surgical complications (p = 0.018). No difference in complication rate was detected among the other orthopaedic procedures. CONCLUSIONS: A dedicated orthopaedic @entity130 operating room in a pediatric @entity130 center was associated with fewer after-hours procedures, decreased wait time to the surgical procedure, reduced length of hospitalization, and decreased cost.

title: A Dedicated Orthopaedic XXXX Operating Room Improves Efficiency at a Pediatric Center.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'lateral condylar fractures', 'tibial fractures', 'bone forearm fractures', 'humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: Protein S, a @entity460 -binding spore coat protein from the soil bacterium @entity4986 , belongs to a group of structurally related proteins, the betagamma-crystallin superfamily. Common features of this protein family are the Greek-key structural motif or crystallin fold, and the fact that all members are extremely stable long term. To investigate the correlation between the stability and Greek-key topology, protein S was cloned, expressed in @entity526 and purified to homogeneity. @entity141 binding influences the native tertiary structure of protein S, whereas the secondary structure remains unaffected as shown by spectroscopic methods. @entity141 ions enhance the conformational stability of protein S significantly. The midpoints of @entity1133 and @entity2097 -induced transitions show a difference of 1.4 M and 0.5 M denaturant, respectively, in the absence and in the presence of @entity460 . An equilibrium intermediate indicating independent domain folding can be detected at pH 2. In addition, thermal denaturation shows a clear deviation from the two-state model of folding, again with a strong stabilisation by @entity141 ions. Temperature and denaturant-induced equilibrium transitions are fully reversible. Our data implicate a different strategy for achieving the high stability required for the biological function compared with the structurally related lens crystallins.

title: XXXX spore coat protein S, a stress-induced member of the betagamma-crystallin superfamily, gains stability from binding of @entity460 ions.

entities_list: @entity4986 :: ('34', 'Species') :: ['Myxococcus xanthus']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity4986 :: (34,Species) :: ['Myxococcus xanthus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity834 is the most threatening early complication in sphincter-preserving @entity5 surgery. While the oncological consequences have been well examined, only few data exist about the functional outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: We investigated continence function in 150 @entity1 after curative sphincter-preserving @entity5 surgery. Functional results were compared in 22 @entity1 with a clinically relevant @entity834 , confirmed radiologically or endoscopically, and 128 @entity1 with uneventful recovery. Evaluation of continence function was based on the Cleveland Clinic Continence Score and was examined in all @entity1 with @entity834 and in 111 @entity1 without complications 107+/-46 weeks postoperatively. Additionally, 14 @entity1 with @entity834 and 58 @entity1 with uneventful recovery underwent anorectal manometry 26+/-15 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: The continence score in @entity1 after @entity834 did not differ significantly from that in @entity1 without complications. Sphincter function was similar. Maximum tolerable volume and rectal compliance were slightly but not significantly worse after leakage. CONCLUSIONS: Continence function remained undisturbed after @entity834 due to rectal resection

title: Does XXXX affect functional outcome after rectal resection for @entity5 ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leakage']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity146 is a major risk factor for suicidality but has poor positive predictive value. OBJECTIVES: To characterize proximal risks for suicidality associated with @entity148 , @entity308 , disruptive behavior, and substance use disorders, and to test whether there are critical combinations of disorders that discriminate at-risk youth independent of severity of psychopathology. DESIGN: The Great Smoky Mountains Study, a representative sample of @entity1 and adolescents aged 9 to 16 years from the southeastern United States. Subjects and their parents were interviewed on multiple occasions from 1993 to 2000 about the subjects' recent @entity146 and suicidal history. SETTING: An epidemiological sample of youth. @entity1 : The sample included 1420 individual subjects with 6676 records across 8 waves of data collection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Wanting to die, suicidal ideation, suicide plans, or suicide attempt during the past 3 months. RESULTS: Eleven broad @entity146 profiles discriminated suicidal youth. Risk was greatest in association with current @entity308 plus @entity148 (specifically @entity148 [ @entity148 ]) (odds ratio, 468.53) or @entity308 plus a @entity952 (primarily ODD [oppositional-defiant disorder]) (odds ratio, 222.94). Unless comorbid, @entity148 and substance use disorders were not proximally associated with suicidality. The severity of symptom-related impairment and, in some cases, total symptom load explained risk associated with all @entity146 profiles except @entity308 plus @entity148 , specifically @entity148 (adjusted odds ratio, 50.16). Severity of impairment and poverty defined by federal guidelines for families were both independent risk factors, irrespective of @entity146 profile. Suicidal youth without diagnosable disorders had subthreshold (mostly disruptive) disorders, disabling relationship difficulties, or @entity146 symptoms without associated impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Severity of symptom-related impairment and total symptom load explained most of the risk for suicidality associated with current @entity146 . Only @entity308 plus @entity148 discriminated at-risk youth independent of severity of psychopathology.

title: Proximal XXXX risk factors for suicidality in youth: the Great Smoky Mountains Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Psychiatric disorder', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['GAD', 'anxiety', 'generalized anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['disruptive disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity2735 is a noninvasive @entity66 without papillary growth. @entity4575 and a disarranged growth form of the epithelium are histopathological characteristics. @entity2735 can appear as a secondary disease combined with a @entity5 or after transurethral resection of a @entity5 . On the other hand, @entity189 in situ is also known to appear without a @entity5 . Symptoms of @entity2335 are often seen. Sometimes, however, the disease does not cause any symptoms. Urinary cytology is the most important noninvasive investigation, followed by biopsy of the bladder epithelium. Treatments commonly applied at present are intravesical immunotherapy with BCG and intravesical chemotherapy. Photodynamic laser therapy is presently being investigated. @entity2735 is very significant as a prognostic factor. The progression rate is up to 83%, and progression signifies development of a poorly differentiated @entity150 . The treatment of @entity189 in situ is cystectomy. The urinary diversion selected in @entity1 depends on the histopathological findings in the prostatic urethra; an ileum neobladder, the standard diversion in @entity1 , cannot be performed if @entity189 in situ has been found in the prostatic urethra.

title: [ XXXX of the urinary bladder--definition and status of treatment].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial disease']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['papillary tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['choice for inefficiently treated carcinoma', 'primary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity4575 :: ('MESH:D000708', 'Disease') :: ['Anaplasia']

answer: @entity2735 :: (MESH:D002278,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma in situ']


abstract: In the past several years, breast-conservation therapy has provided an alternative to mastectomy. In order to reduce the subsequent local @entity5 recurrence, it is critical that all the measures are in place to find the residual foci of occult microscopic @entity5 at the time of the initial lumpectomy procedure. An accepted method to evaluate the lumpectomy margins for presence of @entity41 is the use of imprint cytology (also called touch-prep), which is assessment of the presence or absence of the @entity5 cells by cytological preparation. This is a rapid, cost effective, and easy to use procedure with added advantage of saving tissue for permanent sectioning and rendering a definitive diagnosis. In this report, we present our experience using intraoperative imprint cytology for evaluation of the status of lumpectomy specimens in @entity0 @entity1 . The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative imprint cytology for assessment of surgical resection margins in lumpectomy margins of @entity1 with @entity0 . This is a retrospective study of 100 cases of breast lumpectomy specimens, which had undergone intraoperative imprint cytology. The cases were retrieved from the archived files of the University of Florida, Department of Pathology at Shands Jacksonville. The results of intraoperative imprint cytology were compared with the histological findings of the corresponding permanent sections of the same cases as the gold standard. Overall, we reviewed 510 cytology imprint slides, which were obtained from 100 lumpectomy specimens. Among these cases, 37 slides from 22 cases were reported positive and the remaining were negative. Only eight slides from six cases of lumpectomy showed discrepancy between the result of intraoperative imprint cytology and the permanent sections of the same cases. In our study, intraoperative imprint cytology showed a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 99%, with positive predictive value of 84%, and negative predictive value of 99%. This study demonstrates that intraoperative imprint cytology can be used as a reliable diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of the status of lumpectomy margins in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Use of imprint cytology for assessment of surgical margins in lumpectomy specimens of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A severe stem @entity3082 occurred in southern Ethiopia during November 2013 to January 2014, with yield losses close to 100% on the most widely grown @entity3505 cultivar, 'Digalu'. Sixty-four stem rust samples collected from the regions were analyzed. A meteorological model for airborne spore dispersal was used to identify which regions were most likely to have been infected from postulated sites of @entity281 . Based on the analyses of 106 single-pustule isolates derived from these samples, four races of @entity22632 @entity10327 . tritici were identified: TKTTF, TTKSK, RRTTF, and JRCQC. Race TKTTF was found to be the primary cause of the epidemic in the southeastern zones of Bale and Arsi. Isolates of race TKTTF were first identified in samples collected in early October 2013 from West Arsi. It was the sole or predominant race in 31 samples collected from Bale and Arsi zones after the stem @entity3082 was established. Race TTKSK was recovered from 15 samples from Bale and Arsi zones at low frequencies. Genotyping indicated that isolates of race TKTTF belongs to a genetic lineage that is different from the Ug99 race group and is composed of two distinct genetic types. Results from evaluation of selected germplasm indicated that some cultivars and breeding lines resistant to the Ug99 race group are susceptible to race TKTTF. Appearance of race TKTTF and the ensuing epidemic underlines the continuing threats and challenges posed by stem rust not only in East Africa but also to wider-scale @entity3505 production.

title: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Race TKTTF of XXXX @entity10327 . tritici that Caused a @entity3505 Stem Rust Epidemic in Southern Ethiopia in 2013-14.

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['rust epidemic']

entities_list: @entity22632 :: ('5297', 'Species') :: ['Puccinia graminis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['initial infection']

answer: @entity22632 :: (5297,Species) :: ['Puccinia graminis']


abstract: Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy is an important advance in the treatment of @entity432 . Reports of results, morbidity, and mortality have been highly variable. This review was undertaken to assess the recent results of thrombolytic therapy with urokinase (UK) at our institution. From 1988-1992, 42 lower extremities in 41 @entity1 with severe @entity1095 underwent intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy. Sites of occlusion consisted of 6 iliac, 21 superficial femoral, 11 popliteal, and 20 infra-popliteal segments. Lytic therapy consisted of a regional infusion of UK with concomitant heparin anticoagulation. The most common UK loading dose was 250,000 units (60,000-750,000) followed by a continuous infusion of approximately 100,000 units/hour (60,000-240,000) for up to 72 hours. Technical success, defined as partial or total resolution of the @entity432 , occurred in 26 (62%) limbs. A concomitant endovascular procedure was required in 19 extremities following successful lysis. Immediate clinical success, defined as restitution of a distal pulse or increase in ABI > 0.10, occurred in 22 of 26 technically successful procedures. The four clinical failures and all 16 technical failures required either a major amputation or revascularization. There were 18 major complications in 18 @entity1 (43%): seven @entity1031 , two arterial dissections, nine @entity548 . Seven @entity548 required transfusion of 1-6 units of blood, and two @entity204 occurred due to postprocedural @entity548 , shock, and @entity583 . @entity548 was not related either to the dose of UK or the duration of UK infusion. A combination of thrombolysis and endovascular intervention can be of significant benefit in selected @entity1 with extremity @entity63 . However, complications are frequent and may be lethal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Thrombolytic therapy for XXXX : a mixed blessing.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhagic complications', 'hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions', 'arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusion']


abstract: We report an observational study of chemotherapeutic regression of @entity43 implants according to decrements in residual mass size after surgical cytoreduction. Cytoreductive operations were attempted on 74 consecutive @entity1 with stages IIIB-IV disease referred for this purpose. Thirty-two @entity1 had received one to four courses of preoperative chemotherapy (22 responses, no progressions). Postoperative chemotherapy followed current protocols at Dana @entity5 Institute (n=61) or referring institutions (n=13); 57 regimens contained @entity900 . Postchemotherapy response was assessed clinically or by second-look procedures. Negative findings were considered a complete remission. Masses > 1 cm were excised from 62 @entity1 . Twelve @entity1 were inoperable. Twenty-eight @entity1 had complete remissions and the correlation between these and decrements in residual mass size was highly significant (P < 0.0001). Complete remissions had a uniform effect and were the only outcome predictive of survival. Preoperative treatment greatly facilitated cytoreduction but only masses 0-0.2 cm were sensitive to postoperative chemotherapy. Masses 0.5 cm or less were optimal. They made up 77% of operable @entity1 and supplied 25 (89%) of the complete remissions. Cytoreduction is not always required but even large-volume disease in the upper abdomen can be safely excised. The concept that masses larger than 10 cm indicate general chemoresistance has not been sustained.

title: The effect of residual mass size on response to chemotherapy after surgical cytoreduction for advanced XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Farber Cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of @entity7135 in Catalonia (Spain) after vaccination with the polysaccharide vaccine. @entity1 AND METHODS: Cases were collected by the Statutory Diseases Reporting System. RESULTS: 176 cases were reported, an overall incidence of 2.9/100,000 @entity1 /year. 60% of cases occurred during winter and spring. The case fatality rate was 6.3%. The highest age incidence was in @entity1 under 2 years of age (48/100,000 @entity1 /year). Comparison of the cases detected by the Statutory Diseases Reporting System with those obtained by the Microbiological Reporting System shows that @entity7135 surveillance in Catalonia was relatively complete (95.7%), with a positive predictive value of 66.3%. 115 cases (65%) were culture-confirmed with a rate of 1.9/100,000 @entity1 /year. 86 (75%) cases were due to @entity3631 serogroup B and 21 to serogroup C (18%). CONCLUSION: Although infections due to serogroup C have decreased after mass vaccination with the polysaccharide vaccine, it is likely that the number of infections will decrease further with the conjugate meningococcal group C vaccine.

title: XXXX in catalonia 1 year after mass vaccination campaign with meningococcal group C polysaccharide vaccine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['Meningococcal disease']


abstract: The analgesic effect of wound infiltration with @entity1341 was evaluated in @entity468 undergoing bilateral mastectomy. Twenty-one female @entity468 with mammary gland @entity5 were anesthetized with @entity1875 and @entity26 - @entity5161 anesthesia following premedication with @entity3897 . In the trial group (Group I; n=11), 30 ml of saline containing 2 mg/kg of @entity1341 was infiltrated topically into the surgical wound right after removal of the mammary glands, whereas only saline solution was infiltrated in the control group (Group II; n=10). At the same time, @entity9693 (4 mg/kg) was also administered subcutaneously in both groups. Behavioral signs of @entity158 were monitored during the recovery period after general anaesthesia. In order to examine the behavioral changes associated with acute @entity158 , a questionnaire was prepared and given to the owners to be completed 4 hr and then 10 hr after the operation. According to the owners' anwers to the questionnaire, a @entity158 score was specified using a "numerical rating scale" for each cat. Although some @entity468 showed mild to moderate @entity158 , the @entity158 score recorded at 4 hr after the operation was significantly lower in Group I (P<0.001). No significant difference was found at 10 hr after the operation between the groups. The incidence of vocalization, aggression and @entity410 within 2 hr after the operation were also lower in Group I. In conclusion, wound infiltration with @entity1341 before incisional closure provided reliable analgesia at least 4 hr after bilateral radical mastectomy in @entity468 .

title: Effects of Surgical Wound Infiltration with XXXX on Postoperative Analgesia in @entity468 Undergoing Bilateral Mastectomy.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity9693 :: ('MESH:C007005', 'Chemical') :: ['carprofen']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['Bupivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of relieving @entity158 and restoring vertebral heights of percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty by extra-pedicular approach as a minimally invasive treatment in @entity1 with @entity158 ( @entity3814 ). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 96 consecutive @entity1 . There were 64 females and 32 males with a mean age 67 years (range: 55 - 82). Symptomatic levels were identified by correlating their clinical presentations with the findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The interval between onset of symptoms and surgical intervention ranged from 2 days to 4 months. A total of 118 levels (56 thoracic, 62 lumbar) were treated in this cohort. Immediate and postoperative 3-month follow-up visits were conducted. Visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 scores, preoperative and postoperative anterior, midline vertebral heights for fractured vertebrae were measured on lateral radiographs to evaluate the procedural outcomes. RESULTS: There was @entity514 @entity158 relief associated with evident augmentation in weight-bearing resistance. @entity158 decreased from 8.1 to 2.1 points. Through kyphoplasty, the anterior, midline vertebral heights of 118 fractured vertebral bodies increased up to (75.83    19.84)% and (71.23    21.45)% respectively. None of them had worsening of @entity174 -induced narrowing of spinal canal. No device-related major complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous kyphoplasty through an extra-pedicular approach results in immediate clinical improvement of mobility and @entity158 relief. It safely increases vertebral body height and quickly returns geriatric @entity1 to higher activity levels, increased independence and better quality-of-life. And its short-term outcomes are excellent.

title: [Efficacy evaluation of percutaneous vertebroplasty via an extra-pedicular approach for osteoporotic compression XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'pains', 'painful osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is an important treatment for superficial @entity7492 , but few studies report on its cellular mechanism. The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations of serum @entity7 ( @entity7 ) level in @entity7492 ( @entity7492 ) @entity1 after laser treatment and effects of PDL irradiation on @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, as well as to explore the biomolecular mechanisms and ultrastructure changes of the PDL effect. METHODS: 74 @entity1 with @entity1 @entity2695 including 45 @entity1 in proliferating phase, 18 @entity1 in involuting phase, 11 @entity1 in involuted phase and 10 healthy @entity1 were engaged in this study. The plasma @entity7 levels of @entity1 were measured with the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 24 hours after, HUVECs cultured in vitro were irradiated with PDL, cell apoptosis, mRNA levels of @entity7 , and changes of ultrastructure were evaluated using flow cytometry, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. RESULTS: The serum @entity7 concentrations in @entity1 with proliferating @entity2695 were significantly higher than in @entity1 with involuting / involved @entity2695 and healthy @entity1 . After receiving 3 laser treatments, the plasma @entity7 levels of @entity7492 @entity1 in proliferating @entity2695 decreased significantly. PDL irradiation could down-regulate @entity7 mRNA expression of HUVECs, and increase cell apoptosis rate. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that PDL irradiation imparts apoptosis induction effects on HUVECs in vitro. Furthermore, our results suggest that @entity7 may be of particular importance in pathophysiology and PDL treatment of @entity2695 , also serum @entity7 levels may be used as an aid in the follow up of @entity7492 . This provides valuable evidence of the PDL effect on @entity7492 .

title: One Possible Mechanism of Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment on @entity7492 : Induction of Endothelial Apoptosis and Serum XXXX ( @entity7 ) Level Changes.

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'infantile hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In order to improve some characteristics of a b-1,3-1,4-glucanase from @entity3881 MA139, directed evolution was conducted in this study. After error-prone PCR, the b-1,3-1,4-glucanase gene, glu-opt, was cloned into the vector pBGP1 and transformed into @entity10056 X-33 to construct a mutant library. Three variants named as 7-32, 7-87, and 7-115 were screened from 8000 colonies. @entity535 sequence analysis showed that these mutants had one or two @entity535 substitutions (7-32: @entity58637 , 7-87: @entity58638 / @entity58639 , and 7-115: @entity58640 ). The variants were over-expressed in @entity10056 by @entity1042 induction. After purification of the enzyme proteins, the characteristics of the variants were analyzed in detail. It indicated that these mutant enzymes had broader ranges of pH value and better pH stability than the wild-type enzyme. The mutant enzyme 7-87 had the best ability to tolerate an acid environment (pH 2.0), while the wild-type enzyme had no activity under this condition. Moreover, all these mutants demonstrated improved thermal stability. In particular, the mutant enzyme 7-32 had residual enzymatic activity of 60% and 40% after being incubated at 80     C and 90     C for 10   min. While, the wild-type enzyme had no residual enzymatic activity after being incubated at 80     C for 4   min. In addition, the mutant enzymes had better tolerance to some chemicals than the wild-type enzyme. The improved stability could enhance the prospects for this enzyme to have use in the feed industry to reduce the effects of the anti-nutritional factor b-glucan.

title: Directed evolution of a b-1,3-1,4-glucanase from XXXX MA139 for improving thermal stability and other characteristics.

entities_list: @entity58638 :: ('p|SUB|M|44|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M44V']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P. pastoris']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino-acid', 'amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity58639 :: ('p|SUB|N|53|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N53H']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a preliminary evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of @entity1280 in @entity1 , adolescents, and young adults with @entity2438 . METHOD: Twelve @entity1 (mean age +/- SD, 11.62 +/- 4.38 years; range, 8-20 years) with DSM-IV-defined @entity2438 (n = 9) or @entity245 not otherwise specified (n = 3) received open-label treatment with @entity1280 (mean daily dose, 59.23 +/- 34.76 mg; range, 20-120 mg) for at least 6 weeks (mean duration, 14.15 +/- 8.29 weeks; range, 6-30 weeks). RESULTS: Six (50%) of the 12 @entity1 were considered responders based on a Clinical Global Impression Scale rating of "much improved" or "very much improved." Transient sedation was the most common side effect. No cardiovascular side effects, including @entity662 , @entity591 , palpitations, @entity1296 , or @entity1163 , were observed or reported. The mean change in body weight for the group was -5.83 +/- 12.52 lb (range, -35 to +6 lb). Five @entity1 lost weight, five had no change, one gained weight, and one had no follow-up weight obtained beyond the baseline measurement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1280 appears to have the potential for improving symptoms of @entity146 , @entity2146 , and @entity146 in @entity1 , adolescents, and young adults with @entity2438 . Significant @entity1017 was not observed in this short-term trial. Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are needed to substantiate these preliminary findings.

title: Case series: use of XXXX for maladaptive symptoms in youths with @entity2438 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'irritability']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone', 'Ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['pervasive developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity1280 :: (MESH:C092292,Chemical) :: ['ziprasidone']


abstract: @entity2151 reductases provide the building blocks for DNA synthesis. Three classes of enzymes are known, differing widely in @entity535 sequence but with similar structural motives and allosteric regulation. Class I occurs in eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes, class II occurs in aerobic and anaerobic prokaryotes, and class III occurs in anaerobic prokaryotes. The eukaryote @entity4051 contains a class II enzyme (Gleason, F. K., and Hogenkamp, H. P. (1970) J. Biol. Chem. 245, 4894-4899) and, thus, forms an exception. Class II enzymes depend on @entity2186 for their activity. We purified the reductase from Euglena cells, determined partial peptide sequences, identified its cDNA, and purified the recombinant enzyme. Its @entity535 sequence and general properties, including its @entity146 , were similar to the class II reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii. Both enzymes belong to a distinct small group of reductases that unlike all other homodimeric reductases are monomeric. They compensate the loss of the second polypeptide of dimeric enzymes by a large insertion in the monomeric chain. Data base searching and sequence comparison revealed a homolog from the eukaryote @entity4328 as the closest relative to the Euglena reductase, suggesting that the class II enzyme was present in a common, B(12)-dependent, eukaryote ancestor.

title: @entity4051 XXXX reductase: the eukaryote class II enzyme and the possible antiquity of eukaryote B12 dependence.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['allosteric behavior']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']

entities_list: @entity4051 :: ('3039', 'Species') :: ['Euglena gracilis']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['Ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity2151 :: (CHEBI:26561,Chemical) :: ['ribonucleotide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The fallopian tube has been implicated as the primary origin of pelvic @entity5 . We proposed to determine the survival outcomes of serous tubal, @entity43 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Data were obtained from the National @entity5 Institute between 2004 and 2009. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used for analysis. RESULTS: Of 12,336 high-grade serous @entity5 @entity1 , 563 were tubal (TC), 8560 ovarian (OC), 1037 primary peritoneal (PPC), and 2176 uterine @entity5 (USC). The median ages of these @entity1 were 63 vs 62 vs 67 vs 68 years, respectively. The majority were white (89% vs 88% vs 91% vs 74%). The overall 5 year, disease-specific survival was 37%. The survivals of those with TC, OC, PPC, and USC were 50%, 37%, 26%, and 40% (P < .01). There was no detailed staging on @entity5 . Adjusted for stage, the survival of those with stage I, II, III, and IV TC were 73%, 62%, 44%, and 22% (P < .01), OC were 83%, 64%, 34%, and 15% (P < .01), and USC were 88%, 72%, 55%, and 17% (P < .01). On multivariate analysis, younger age, white race, earlier stage, and tubal origin were independent predictors for improved survival. CONCLUSION: In advanced-staged serous @entity5 @entity1 , @entity5 @entity1 have better survivals compared with @entity43 .

title: Survival differences in XXXX with @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['PPC cancers', 'serous cancers', 'tubal cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, peritoneal, and uterine cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post surgical wound @entity281 are global problem in the field of surgery associated with long hospital stay, higher treatment expenditure, morbidity and mortality. Hence to address the limited data in Ethiopia on post surgical wound @entity281 , we conducted this research to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of aerobic bacteria in @entity6081 @entity1 in Ayder teaching and referral hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia. METHODS: Hospital based prospective cross sectional study was carried-out in 128 @entity1 who had undergone surgery in general surgery and orthopaedic wards, and showed symptoms of @entity281 clinically from January to June 2012. Standard bacteriological methods were used for bacterial isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. RESULTS: A total of 128 @entity1 (98 male and 30 female) with clinical signs of post surgical wound @entity281 were enrolled. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 15-79 years (with mean 35.95        19.01 years). Out of the 128 wound swabs taken, 96/128 (75%) were culture positive aerobically, yielding 123 bacterial isolates. Out of these the predominant bacterial isolates were @entity794 44 (35.77%), Klebsiella species 29 (22.76%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) 18 (14.63%). No bacterial isolates was found to be sensitive to all antibiotics tested. Isolated bacteria showed 102/123 (82.92%) multi drug resistance to the commonly used antibiotics in the hospital. However, 54/ 65 (83.1%) of Gram negative and 58/58 (100%) of Gram positive isolates were sensitive to @entity801 and @entity2176 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of was @entity2737 rate in this current study was 75% and multi drug resistance was seen in 102/123(82.92%) of the isolates leaving clinicians with few choices of drugs for the treatment of post surgical wound @entity281 @entity1 . This underscores for periodic surveillance of etiologic agent and antibiotic susceptibility to prevent further emergence and spread of resistant bacteria pathogens.

title: Aerobic bacteria in post surgical wound XXXX and pattern of their antimicrobial susceptibility in Ayder Teaching and Referral Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['post-surgical wound infected']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected', 'infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We present 2 case reports that illustrate that chronic intrathecal (IT) @entity1772 administration may be efficacious in treating @entity1 with long-standing @entity158 ( @entity158 ) who have failed treatment with multiple drugs and procedures. CASE REPORTS: Both cases presented were @entity1 who developed @entity158 following multiple lower extremity surgeries. One @entity1 had had symptoms for 5 years and had continued symptoms despite multiple sympathetic blocks, sympathectomy, spinal cord stimulation, and various medication trials. The other @entity1 had had chronic lower extremity @entity158 for 30 years and symptoms of @entity6866 for about 5 years. Her symptoms continued despite multiple sympathetic blocks, sympathectomy, and many medications. Neither @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity3519 , @entity400 , @entity508 ) associated with their @entity2531 . One @entity1 experienced good control of @entity158 , @entity1931 , and @entity5433 with a combination of IT @entity1772 and @entity1338 after failing treatment with IT @entity1286 . @entity1772 alone produced intolerable side effects at the doses required to produce adequate analgesia. The other @entity1 experienced long-term control of @entity158 , @entity1931 , and autonomic symptoms with IT @entity1772 alone. CONCLUSIONS: IT @entity1772 appears to be an option for @entity1 with intractable @entity6866 who have failed other modalities, including IT @entity1286 .

title: Intrathecal @entity1772 : a useful agent in the treatment of well-established complex regional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['complex regional pain syndrome, type I', 'CRPS I', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen', 'baclofen']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain syndrome']


abstract: It has been reported that remarkable and sustained activation of astrocytes and/or microglia occurs in @entity5 ( @entity5 ), which is different from @entity9 . The present study was designed to investigate the role of spinal @entity7942 ( @entity7942 ) induced @entity66 in @entity5 using a modified @entity35 model of @entity3478 . The @entity35 model of @entity5 consisted of unilateral intra-tibial injection with Walker 256 mammary gland @entity189 . Nine days after Walker 256 inoculation, a robust activation of both astrocytes and microglia in bilateral spinal dorsal horn was observed together with significant bilateral mechanical allodynia. This neuroinflammation was characterized by enhanced immunostaining of both @entity40 ( @entity40 , astrocyte marker) and OX-42 (microglia marker), and an elevated level of @entity3426 , @entity568 and @entity1505 mRNA. I.t. administration of @entity17037 (an inhibitor of glial metabolism, 1 nmol) or @entity1214 (an inhibitor of microglia, 100  g) has significant anti-allodynic effects on day 12 after Walker 256 inoculation. @entity1510 (a nonstereoselective @entity7942 signaling blocker, 60  g, i.t.) also significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia and simultaneously blocked the increased inflammatory cytokine mRNA. The results suggested that spinal @entity7942 might play an important role in the sustained glial activation that critically contributed to the robust and sustained spinal neuroinflammation in @entity5 . This result could potentially help clinicians and researchers to better understand the mechanism of complicated @entity5 .

title: Robust spinal neuroinflammation mediates mechanical allodynia in Walker 256 induced XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity17037 :: ('MESH:C007744', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorocitrate']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial neuroinflammation']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain', 'cancer induced pain', 'CIP']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic and inflammatory pain']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone cancer']


abstract: Odours generate activity in olfactory receptor neurons, whose axons contact the dendritic tufts of mitral cells within olfactory bulb glomeruli. These axodendritic synapses are anatomically separated from dendrodendritic synapses within each glomerulus. Mitral cells within a glomerulus show highly synchronized activity as assessed with whole-cell recording from pairs of mitral cells. We examined glomerular activity in @entity19 lacking the @entity60254 ( @entity60254 ). Glomeruli in @entity19 lacking @entity60254 show a redistribution of synaptic subcompartments, but the total area occupied by axonal inputs was similar to wild-type @entity19 . Stimulation of olfactory nerve bundles showed that excitatory synaptic input to mitral cells as well as dendrodendritic inhibition was unaffected in the knockout. However, correlated spiking in mitral cells was significantly reduced, as was electrical coupling between apical dendrites. To analyse slow network dynamics we induced @entity73 with a @entity2227 uptake blocker. Evoked and spontaneous @entity73 in mitral cells and external tufted cells were broader and had multiple peaks in @entity60254 knockout @entity19 , indicating that synchrony of slow glomerular activity was also reduced. To assess the degree of shared activity between mitral cells under physiological conditions, we analysed spontaneous sub-threshold voltage oscillations using coherence analysis. Coherent activity was markedly reduced in cells from @entity60254 knockout @entity19 across a broad range of frequencies consistent with a decrease in tightly time-locked activity. We suggest that synchronous activity within each glomerulus is dependent on segregation of synaptic subcompartments.

title: Loss of XXXX reduces the synchrony of mitral cell activity in olfactory glomeruli.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow oscillations']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity60254 :: ('17968(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['OCAM', 'olfactory cell adhesion molecule']

answer: @entity60254 :: (17968(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['olfactory cell adhesion molecule']


abstract: The authors provide evidence of the extreme increase of the frequency of @entity656 . At the First Surgical Clinic in Brno in 1934 the frequency of @entity656 ( @entity656 ) was 0.2 pro mille (in the course of 3 years 4 @entity1 among 20 000 hospitalized @entity1 ), at present (65 years later) in 1999 - 2001 it is 0.7%--74 @entity1 among 10 676 hospitalized @entity1 . This @entity3482 times more, 48 @entity1 (65%) and 26 @entity1 (35%). The mean age was 48.6 years, range 26 - 83 years. The lethality of the whole group was 9.5%. From the total number of 74 @entity1 seriously ill @entity1 ( @entity3232 ) 25 @entity1 --34%, Atlanta I--49 @entity1 --66%. 7 @entity1 with acute @entity39 infected @entity788 died--28% of the whole group. Initial treatment of @entity656 is based on adherence to three principles:(a) intensive treatment, (b) elimination of etiological factors and (c) control of complications. Contrary to other affectios in @entity656 , there is no specific surgical treatment. Indications for surgical treatment of @entity656 : I. early stage--explorative laparotomy if stabilization of @entity1 by adequate treatment to resolve comorbidity (NPB etc.) is impossible, II. advanced stage--evacuation of infected necroses, abscesses, infected or bleeding pseudocyst, elective sanation of biliary tract. The optimal timing is between the 2nd and 3rd week of the disease. Premature surgery does not have a favourable effect on the subsequent course of the disease.

title: [Acute XXXX from the aspect of the surgeon].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['Atlanta II classification']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Connexins belong to the family of gap junction proteins which enable direct cell-to-cell communication by forming channels in adjacent cells. Mutations in connexin genes cause a variety of @entity1 diseases and, in a few cases, result in @entity272 . There are significant differences in the clinical picture of two rare @entity74 : @entity38933 and @entity2321 ( @entity2321 ), which are caused by @entity3492 and @entity4700 mutations, respectively. This is despite the fact that, in both cases, malfunctioning of the same family proteins and some overlapping clinical features ( @entity5806 , hair loss, and @entity709 ) is observed. @entity38933 syndrome is characterized by progressive @entity455 , @entity58472 , and @entity393 , whereas @entity2321 is characterized by @entity5806 , @entity3798 , and @entity709 . The present paper presents a Polish @entity1 with @entity38933 caused by the mutation of @entity38932 in @entity3492 . The @entity1 encountered difficulties in obtaining a correct diagnosis. The other case presented is that of a family with @entity2321 (caused by @entity58473 mutation in @entity4700 ), who are the first reported @entity1 of Polish origin suffering from this disorder. Phenotype diversity among @entity1 with the same genotypes reported to date is also summarized. The conclusion is that proper diagnosis of these syndromes is still challenging and should always be followed by molecular verification.

title: Phenotypic variability in gap junction @entity272 : experience from XXXX and @entity2321 ' clinical diagnostics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3798 :: ('MESH:D007039', 'Disease') :: ['hypotrichosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascularizing keratitis']

entities_list: @entity38932 :: ('p|SUB|D|50|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Asp50Asn']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity58473 :: ('p|SUB|G|11|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly11Arg']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar keratoderma']

entities_list: @entity58472 :: ('MESH:C563781', 'Disease') :: ['ichthyosiform erythrokeratoderma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2321 :: ('MESH:D004476', 'Disease') :: ['Clouston syndrome', 'hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity38933 :: ('MESH:C580224', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome', 'KID', 'sporadic KID syndrome']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory hearing loss']

answer: @entity38933 :: (MESH:C580224,Disease) :: ['KID']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Necroptosis is an important mode of cell death, which is due to oxidant stress accumulation. Our previous study indicated that oxidant stresses could be reduced by @entity57465 (TBII), a kind of Chinese herb RhizomaAnemarrhenae monomer extraction. We wonder the possible effect of @entity57465 , whether it can protect cells from necroptosis via reducing the oxidant stress, in RGC-5 following @entity273 ( @entity274 ) insult. METHODS: RGC-5 cells were grown in DMEM, the model group was exposed in @entity274 with the concentration of 300  M, and the experimental group was pre-treated with @entity57465 at different concentrations (1  M, 10  M, 100  M and 1000  M) for 24 hrs. @entity98 assay was carried out to measure the cytotoxicity of @entity274 , @entity1865 concentration assay was executed to evaluate the degree of oxidative stress, @entity310 ELISA Assay was used to measure the concentration of @entity310 , finally, the degree of @entity39 were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: We first constructed the cell injury model of necroptosis in RGC-5 upon @entity274 exposure. Morphological observation and @entity98 assay were used to evaluate the degree of RGC-5 death. @entity1865 assay were carried out to describe the degree of oxidant stress. @entity4404 /PI staining was used to detect necroptotic cells pre-treated with or without @entity57465 following @entity274 injury. @entity310 ELISA was carried out to detect the @entity310 accumulation in RGC-5. Upon using @entity57465 with concentration of 100  M, the percentage of cell viability was increased from 50% to 75%, and the @entity39 of cells was reduced from 35% to 20% comparing with @entity274 injury group. Oxidant stress and @entity310 was reduced upon injury which decreased the ratio of RGC-5 necroptosis. CONCLUSION: Our study found out that @entity57465 might reduce necroptosis via inhibition of ROS and @entity310 accumulation in RGC-5 following @entity274 injury.

title: The effect and underlying mechanism of XXXX on RGC-5 necroptosis induced by @entity273 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity57465 :: ('MESH:C523027', 'Chemical') :: ['Timosaponin B-II']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity57465 :: (MESH:C523027,Chemical) :: ['Timosaponin B-II']


abstract: An isolated, perfused and ventilated @entity840 lung was used to compare the duration of effect of the bronchodilating @entity20530 agonists @entity6410 , @entity10453 and @entity4183 . Lung conductance was measured real time with the aid of a computer. Bronchoconstriction was induced in the preparation every 10 min by bolus injections of @entity934 into the pulmonary artery. Lung conductance was reduced by about 70% after @entity934 . The test compounds or the vehicle was administered for 1 min as aerosols generated from solutions: @entity6410 (10 mumol/l), @entity10453 (100 mumol/l) and @entity4183 (1000 mumol/l). This treatment inhibited the response to @entity934 by 50-60% within the first 10 min for all three test compounds. The onset of action appeared to be slower for @entity10453 than for @entity6410 and @entity4183 . The inhibitory effect of @entity4183 disappeared completely during the next 20 min of continuous perfusion (single pass), while both @entity6410 and @entity10453 displayed a significant inhibitory effect 40 min after their administration. @entity6410 , when inhaled at a higher dose (100 mumol/l), caused a 90% inhibition of the response to @entity934 . This effect was completely reversed by 0.1 mumol/l @entity1169 in the perfusion medium. There were in general no major changes in the basal conductance measured between the @entity934 provocations.

title: @entity6410 and XXXX are both long acting compared to @entity4183 in the isolated perfused and ventilated @entity840 lung.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['Formoterol', 'formoterol']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity10453 :: (MESH:C057823,Chemical) :: ['salmeterol']


abstract: Sweet dough requires longer mixing time than salty or white pan bread doughs to reach a developed stage. Although many studies have dealt with the effect of mixing time on dough, few have referred to @entity375 sweet doughs. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the changes in dough microstructure during different stages of mixing were the same between sweet pan bread and white pan bread, using as control a flour water system. @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and some bread characteristics were used as evaluation parameters. Doughs were prepared in a Brabender Farinograph instrument. Different mixing times were used for each formulation, which correspond to common farinographic parameters such as: arrival time, peak time, departure time, etc. Farinographic consistency was evaluated at those times. Results showed that sweet dough farinogram was quite different from those obtained from the other two samples; it starts with a low consistency value (260 BU), and after 8 min of mixing it began to increase until almost reaching the 500 BU line; then the graphic follows the classical curve. Larger products were obtained from arrival time to departure time for both formulations. @entity4653 showed that as mixing proceeds the dough structure opens, changing its appearance from a compact structure at the beginning to a very open one at the end of the mixing process. @entity4653 also showed that the process of mixing is the same for the two samples and control; however, the time needed to reach each stage was different among samples. Farinogram can be used to get information about mixing behavior of @entity375 sweet doughs. The study of mixing can be easier using sweet dough formulations because it was possible to get more points between the onset of mixing and full dough development, and the process was very similar no matter the formulation.

title: Structural and farinographic changes during mixing of a XXXX sweet dough.

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'Scanning electronic microscopy']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: One hundred and seven @entity1 with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LS_A) of the vulva were studies to determine the malignant potential of the LS_A. Five @entity1 had coexisting invasive @entity189 or perineum with the LS_A, and 1 @entity1 had coexisting intraepithelial @entity189 on the clitoris. None of these, however, was known to have LS_A prior to the biopsy for @entity189 . The high association of @entity189 and LS*A is probably a result of selection of 2 unusual lesions sent for consultation and evaluation. @entity1373 in the vulva occurred in association with LS_A in 37 (35%) @entity1 , but only 6 @entity1 had areas of @entity1141 coexisting with LS_A. These areas of @entity1141 , like the 5 invasive @entity189 , occurred in an area of the vulva where the LS_A was minimal or absent. Follow-up data were obtained on 92 @entity1 with LS_A. Only 1 developed @entity189 , which occurred 12 years after identification of the LS_A. When @entity189 arises in the vulva in a @entity1 with vulvar LS_A, it tends to arise in areas of minomal LS_A or isolated areas of relatively normal vulvar skin. This study did not provide evidence of @entity189 arising from LS_A. Five of the 92 @entity1 developed 6 @entity5 in other sites, including @entity1204 (3 @entity1 ), lung (1 @entity1 ), and simultaneous @entity189 of the colon and cervix (1 @entity1 ).

title: Relation of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva to development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the endometrium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the most common @entity5 worldwide. A better understanding of the mechanisms may contribute to early diagnosis and establishment of new therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVES: A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) @entity60244 and @entity12172 polymorphisms with @entity2 susceptibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Relevant studies were identified through PubMed, Medline, Embase and CNKI databases. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to assess these associations in a fixedor random-effects model. RESULTS: For the @entity2533 @entity60244 polymorphism, 5 published case-control studies with 1167 cases and 1365 controls were included. Overall, no significant association was found between the @entity2533 @entity60244 polymorphism and @entity2 susceptibility under any genetic models in the total population (p > 0.05). A subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed no significant association among the Asian population as well, while a significant association was observed in Caucasian descendants. For the @entity2533 @entity12172 polymorphism, 4 studies were considered, including 1029 cases and 1133 controls. However, this polymorphism also did not increase the risk of @entity2 in all genetic comparison models. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that @entity2533 @entity60244 and @entity12172 polymorphisms may not contribute to @entity2 risk in the total population, while the @entity60244 polymorphism may increase the risk of @entity2 in the Caucasian population. However, many studies are still required to evaluate these associations in large populations.

title: Polymorphisms of XXXX T+869C and @entity12172 with Lung Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGFb1', 'transforming growth factor-beta 1']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGFb1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the predictive ability of the National @entity165 Education Panel (NCEP), revised NCEP (NCEP-R), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity209 criteria for mortality risk, and to examine the effects of waist circumference on mortality within the context of these criteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The sample included 20,789 white, non-Hispanic @entity1 20-83 years of age from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. The main outcome measures were all-cause and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) mortality over 11.4 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The proportions of @entity1 with the @entity209 were 19.7, 27, and 30% at baseline, respectively, according to NCEP, NCEP-R, and @entity6 criteria. A total of 632 deaths (213 @entity65 ) occurred. The relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs of all-cause mortality were 1.36 (1.14-1.62), 1.31 (1.11-1.54), and 1.26 (1.07-1.49) for the NCEP, NCEP-R, and @entity6 definitions, respectively. The corresponding RRs for @entity65 mortality were 1.79 (1.35-2.37), 1.67 (1.27-2.19), and 1.67 (1.27-2.20). Additionally, there was a significant trend for a higher risk of @entity65 mortality across waist circumference categories (<94, 94-102, and >102 cm) among @entity1 with at least two additional @entity209 risk factors (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prediction of mortality with @entity6 and NCEP @entity209 criteria was comparable in @entity1 . Waist circumference is a valuable component of @entity209 ; however, the @entity6 requirement of an elevated waist circumference warrants caution given that a large proportion of @entity1 with normal waist circumference have multiple risk factors and an increased risk of mortality.

title: The importance of waist circumference in the @entity209 : prospective analyses of mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['IDF', 'International Diabetes Federation']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study investigated whether early life @entity130 mediates genetic effects on the @entity22072 ( @entity22072 ) of @entity162 . METHOD: Data from the BiGS Consortium case samples (N=1119) were used. Childhood traumatic events were documented using the Childhood Life Events Scale (CLES). Interaction between occurrence of childhood @entity130 and common genetic variants throughout the genome was tested to identify single nucleotide polymorphic gene variants (SNPs) whose effects on @entity162 differ between individuals clearly exposed (CLES>= 2) and not exposed (CLES=0) to childhood @entity130 . RESULTS: The modal response to the CLES was 0 (N=480), but an additional 276 subjects had CLES=1, and 363 subjects reported 2 or more traumatic lifetime events. The distribution of @entity22072 showed a broad peak between ages 12 and 18, with the majority of subjects having onset during that period, and a significant decrease in age of onset with the number of traumatic events. No single SNP showed a statistically significant interaction with the presence of traumatic events to impact bipolar @entity22072 . However, SNPs in or near genes coding for calcium channel activity-related proteins (Gene Ontology: 0005262) were found to be more likely than other SNPs to show evidence of interaction using the INRICH method (p<0.001). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective ascertainment of @entity130 and @entity22072 . CONCLUSION: Interaction effects of early life @entity130 with genotype may have a significant effect on the development and manifestation of @entity162 . These effects may be mediated in part by genes involved in calcium signaling.

title: Genetic and childhood XXXX interaction effect on age of onset in @entity162 : An exploratory analysis.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar AAO']

entities_list: @entity22072 :: ('MESH:C564653', 'Disease') :: ['age at onset', 'AAO']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the tolerability of escalating doses of stereotactic body radiation therapy in the treatment of @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 included those with Gleason score 2 to 6 with prostate-specific antigen (PSA)  <= 20, Gleason score 7 with PSA  <= 15,  <= T2b, prostate size  <= 60 cm(3), and American Urological Association (AUA) score  <= 15. Pretreatment preparation required an enema and placement of a rectal balloon. Dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) was defined as grade 3 or worse @entity137 by Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events (version 3). @entity1 completed quality-of-life questionnaires at defined intervals. RESULTS: Groups of 15 @entity1 received 45 Gy, 47.5 Gy, and 50 Gy in five fractions (45 total @entity1 ). The median follow-up is 30 months (range, 3 to 36 months), 18 months (range, 0 to 30 months), and 12 months (range, 3 to 18 months) for the 45 Gy, 47.5 Gy, and 50 Gy groups, respectively. For all @entity1 , GI grade >=  2 and grade >=  3 @entity137 occurred in 18% and 2%, respectively, and GU grade >=  2 and grade >=  3 @entity137 occurred in 31% and 4%, respectively. Mean AUA scores increased significantly from baseline in the 47.5-Gy dose level (P = .002) as compared with the other dose levels, where mean values returned to baseline. Rectal quality-of-life scores (Expanded @entity263 Index Composite) fell from baseline up to 12 months but trended back at 18 months. In all @entity1 , PSA control is 100% by the nadir + 2 ng/mL failure definition. CONCLUSION: Dose escalation to 50 Gy has been completed without DLT. A multicenter phase II trial is underway treating @entity1 to 50 Gy in five fractions to further evaluate this experimental therapy.

title: Phase I dose-escalation study of stereotactic body radiation therapy for low- and intermediate-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'GI/genitourinary (GU) toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In an effort to assess medical students' abilities to identify a medication administration error in an outpatient setting, we designed and implemented a standardized @entity1 simulation exercise which included a medication @entity1445 . METHODS: Fourth year medical students completed a standardized @entity1 (SP) simulation of a parent bringing a toddler to an outpatient setting. In this case-control study, the majority of students had completed a @entity1 safety curriculum about pediatric medication errors prior to their SP encounter. If asked about medications, the SP portraying a parent was trained to disclose that she was administering @entity1443 and to produce a package with dosing instructions on the label. The administered dose represented an @entity1445 . Upon completion, students were asked to complete an encounter note. RESULTS: Three hundred forty students completed this simulation. Two hundred ninety-one students previously completed a formal @entity1 safety curriculum while 49 had not. A total of two hundred thirty-four students (69%) ascertained that the parent had been administering @entity1443 to their @entity1 . Thirty-seven students (11%) determined that the dosage exceeded recommended dosages. There was no significant difference in the error detection rates of students who completed the @entity1 safety curriculum and those who had not. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a formal @entity1 safety curriculum concerning medication errors, 89% of medical students did not identify an @entity1445 of a commonly used over the counter medication during a standardized @entity1 simulation. Further educational interventions are needed for students to detect medication errors. Additionally, 31% of students did not ask about the administration of over the counter medications suggesting that students may not view such medications as equally important to prescription medications. Simulation may serve as a useful tool to assess students' competency in identifying medication administration errors.

title: Can medical students identify a potentially serious XXXX dosing error in a simulated encounter? a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Undernutrition is a common and aggravating problem in @entity1 suffering from various @entity102 as well as a source of material costs. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of disease-related undernutrition among adults in Croatia in the year 2012, as well as the cost of undernutrition associated with @entity5 cachexia, chronic @entity788 , @entity29 , @entity99 , @entity1030 , chronic @entity177 requiring dialysis, cerebrovascular insult, pressure @entity1066 , and @entity3330 in the elderly. METHODS: A cost-of-illness analysis was conducted, including direct costs only. The study employed the dominant cost-of-illness method, which restricts the summation of medical expenditure to the disease of interest. The bottom-up, prevalence-based approach was used. The budget holder perspective was employed, and data sources include the list of reimbursed drugs, clinical opinions, and literature. RESULTS: The prevalence of disease-related undernutrition in @entity1 over the age of 20 in Croatia in the year 2012 was estimated to be 33.7/1000. The total cost of adult @entity3147 for selected diagnoses was 97.35 million EUR, accounting for 3.38% of the total Croatian national health care budget. The largest share was used for medications (43%), followed by 34% for hospitalizations, 13% for community health nursing, while parenteral and enteral nutrition contributed with 6% and 1% respectively. The average cost per @entity1 was estimated at 1640.48 EUR. CONCLUSIONS: The cost of @entity3147 for the selected diagnoses in Croatia was substantial. These health costs will increase due to population ageing, which calls for undernutrition screening in @entity1 at risk as well as for effective approaches in nutrition supplementation.

title: The economic burden of disease-related undernutrition in selected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: The relation between plasma @entity1063 levels and the occurrence of @entity1165 during exercise testing was prospectively evaluated in 17 @entity1 . Ten @entity1 had reproducible @entity1165 exclusively during exercise or recovery, or both; 7 @entity1 had @entity1165 during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. The two groups did not differ in age, exercise duration, left ventricular ejection fraction at rest, heart rate throughout the exercise protocol, rest QTc interval, change in QTc interval during exercise, the presence of @entity453 or exercise-related @entity741 . Furthermore, there was no difference between groups in plasma @entity1063 levels at rest, peak exercise or in the recovery period. @entity741 was detectable by thallium perfusion scan in only 2 of the 10 @entity1 with exercise-induced @entity1165 . The 10 @entity1 with exercise-induced @entity1165 underwent repeat exercise testing immediately after maximal intravenous beta-adrenergic blockade with @entity1169 . Although they had no change in exercise duration, @entity1165 did not occur in 9 of these 10 @entity1 . Plasma @entity1063 levels were significantly decreased compared with levels before beta-adrenergic blockade (p less than 0.0002). Thus, plasma @entity1063 levels do not distinguish @entity1 with reproducible exercise-induced @entity1165 from otherwise comparable @entity1 . @entity1169 is highly effective in abolishing this @entity943 and this effect is associated with decreased @entity1063 levels.

title: Plasma @entity1063 in exercise-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachycardia only']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: We used a cDNA encoding the @entity1 @entity30144 ( @entity16127 ), the secretory inhibitor of @entity16415 crystal growth, as a probe for cloning @entity35 @entity16127 messenger RNA. Overlapping clones gave a mRNA sequence of 783 nucleotides encoding a preprotein of 165 @entity1522 including a prepeptide of 21 @entity1522 . @entity35 and @entity1 @entity16127 showed 70% identity, and the mature proteins had the same length. @entity16127 mRNA concentration was measured in the pancreas of @entity35 adapted to diets containing 15, 25, or 70% protein. Compared with the 15% protein diet, concentration increased 3 and 12 times with the diets with 25 and 70% protein, respectively, which is 3 times higher than for @entity563 proteases. A complete sequence identity was observed between the @entity35 @entity16127 transcript and the @entity30144 mRNA described by Terazono et al. (Terazono, K., Yamamoto, H., Takasawa, S., Shiga, K., Yonemura, Y., Tochino, Y., and Okamoto, H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 2111-2114), which is expressed in regenerating pancreatic islets but not in mature islets. A specific role of the @entity30144 protein in islet regeneration was suggested. We found that @entity16127 ( @entity30144 ) mRNA concentration was indeed increased in isolated regenerating islets. Yet, a transient increase was also observed in exocrine tissue during the initial phase of regeneration following pancreatectomy or acute @entity788 , suggesting increased expression during cell dedifferentiation. It is concluded that, in mature pancreas, expression of the @entity30144 / @entity16127 gene occurs primarily in acinar cells. The gene product, which encodes a secretory protein inhibiting @entity16415 crystal growth in juice, is unlikely to play a specific role in islet regeneration.

title: XXXX @entity30144 messenger RNA. Abundant expression in mature exocrine cells, regulation by food content, and sequence identity with the endocrine @entity30144 transcript.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity30144 :: ('24714(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['reg', 'pancreatic stone protein']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: Adult male @entity35 were subjected to @entity2885 by direct kidney intramedullary injection of 0.1 ml saline suspension of 10(5) @entity526 . Animals were killed at intervals of 4, 10, 15, 30 and 60 days. Half of each kidney and bladder were cultured in proper bacteriologic media to demonstrate the existence of @entity281 . The other halves were submitted to light microscopy and ultrastructural studies. Immunofluorescence methods were used for the study of connective matrix components, at the initial stage of the inflammatory process (4, 10 and 15 days). Infection was documented by bacteriologic, gross and microscopic findings in all groups following inoculation, and it lasted up to two months. Following the acute inflammatory reaction, fibronectin and type III collagen were deposited in the interstitium of kidneys. Small amounts of type I collagen were found later. Type IV collagen appeared in small quantities, associated with collapse of structures containing basement membranes. Fibronectin became concentrated in re-activated foci. The subsequent scarring and associated focal @entity8 depended upon the extension of the acute lesion.

title: Dynamics of connective matrix deposition in acute experimental @entity526 @entity2885 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Descriptions of genes that are adaptively evolving in @entity1 and that carry polymorphisms with an effect on cognitive performances have been virtually absent. @entity12252 encodes a presynaptic protein with a role in regulation of neurotransmitter release. We analysed the intra-specific diversity along @entity12252 and identified a region in intron 1 that shows signatures of balancing selection in @entity1 . The estimated TMRCA (time to the most recent common ancestor) of the @entity12252 haplotype phylogeny amounted to 2.08 million years. The balancing selection signature is not secondary to demographic events or to biased gene conversion, and encompasses @entity25260 . This SNP has previously been associated to cognitive performances with contrasting results in different populations. We analysed this variant in two Italian cohorts in different age ranges and observed a significant genotype effect for @entity25260 on verbal performances in females alone. Post hoc analysis revealed that the effect is driven by differences between heterozygotes and both homozygous genotypes. Thus, heterozygote females for @entity25260 display higher verbal performances compared to both homozygotes. This finding was replicated in a cohort of Italian subjects suffering from @entity4094 that do not affect cognition. Heterozygote advantage is one of the possible reasons underlying the maintenance of genetic diversity in natural populations. The observation that heterozygotes for @entity25260 display higher verbal abilities compared to homozygotes perfectly fits the underlying balancing selection model. Although caution should be used in inferring selective pressures from observed signatures, @entity12252 might represent the first description of an adaptively evolving gene with a role in cognition.

title: Variants in @entity12252 are targets of natural selection and influence verbal performances in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The genetic @entity2048 @entity35 of Strasbourg (GAERS) display alterations in cortical synaptic transmission possibly facilitating the generation of ictaform activity and the late development into @entity410 . We studied low @entity1025 -induced @entity302 activities and their long term effects on field potentials (fp) evoked by paired pulse stimulation in hippocampal area @entity1249 ( @entity1249 ), medial entorhinal cortex (EC) and frontal cortex (FC) in in-vitro-slice preparations from GAERS and control (NE) adult @entity35 (6 months). Omitting @entity1025 -ions from artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) caused recurrent short discharges (in @entity1249 ) and @entity410 -like events (in EC) in both GAERS and NE @entity35 . Latency to onset of activity as well as discharge pattern, frequency and amplitude of such events did not differ between the two strains, neither in @entity1249 nor in EC. In the FC, however, @entity302 occurred in NE @entity35 , but not in GAERS. Field potentials in normal ACSF were similar in both strains in @entity1249 and FC, while they were smaller in the EC of GAERS. Low [ @entity1025 ]0 caused long-term changes of fp only in area @entity1249 where the population spikes were @entity308 in GAERS and increased in NE @entity35 . We concluded that susceptibility to low [ @entity1025 ]0-induced @entity302 activity in EC and hippocampal area @entity1249 is not higher in GAERS than in NE adult @entity35 . However, some properties like synaptic coupling in EC and long-term changes in synaptic efficacy induced by @entity302 in @entity1249 differ from that in NE @entity35 . Whether the particularities in GAERS may be related to kindling by @entity302 activities will be studied in further experiments.

title: Epileptiform activity and changes in field potential responses induced by low [ @entity1025 ]0 in a genetic @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'convulsive epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptiform activity', 'epileptiform events', 'epileptiform', 'absence epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence epilepsy']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 often receive induction therapy based on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-identified nodal spread (N1) or deep @entity5 invasion (T3), although controversy exists regarding the role of induction therapy for early stage disease. We aim to evaluate the reliability of EUS in identifying early stage disease and the subsequent impact on treatment and outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 149 @entity1 who underwent EUS and esophagectomy for @entity420 between January 2000 and December 2008. Computed tomography (CT) was performed in all @entity1 , whereas positron emission tomography (PET) was performed in 91%. Clinical stage (c), pathologic stage (p), operative mortality, and survival were recorded. RESULTS: Unanticipated pathologic nodal disease was similar in @entity1 with cT1N0 and cT2N0 @entity5 (6/25 [24%] versus 7/18 [38.8%]; p=0.6). Among the 18 cases of cT2N0 disease, 9 (50%) were pathologically staged as T1N0, 8 (44%) were upstaged to pT3N0-1, and 1 (6%) was pT2N0. One case of cT1N0 @entity5 (4%) was upstaged to pT3N0. Among @entity1 with cT1-2N0 @entity5 , 5-year disease-free survival for the group that was appropriately staged was 89.8% versus 39.9% for the group that had a higher pathologic stage than their clinical stage (ie, >T2N0) (p<0.001). Operative mortality for @entity1 with cT1-2N0 @entity5 was 0/43 (0%), which was no different from that in the higher clinical stage groups with (1/37, 2.7%) or without (2/68, 2.9%) induction therapy (p=0.5). Multivariate analysis identified marked/intense uptake on staging PET (odds ratio, 5.76, 95%; confidence interval, 1.25 to 26.52; p=0.021) to be a factor predictive of upstaging of cT1-2N0 @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Current staging techniques are inadequate for predicting T1-2N0 disease in @entity420 . Survival is excellent with operation alone in @entity1 with @entity5 appropriately staged as T1-2N0, although @entity1 with @entity5 upstaged to greater than T2N0 have significantly worse survival. Other preoperative factors such as PET uptake may help select @entity1 with cT1-2N0 @entity5 that will be upstaged at resection.

title: Endoscopic ultrasound for early stage XXXX : implications for staging and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Focal @entity6795 is a frequent cause of medically intractable partial @entity302 . These lesions are being increasingly identified by high quality images provided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resulting in improved @entity410 control of surgically treated @entity1 . Small @entity75 are often missed by conventional MRI methods. The identification of @entity2526 by rectilinear slices is often limited by the complex convolutional pattern of the brain. We developed a method of curvilinear reformatting of three-dimensional MRI data that improves the anatomical display of the gyral structure of the hemispheric convexities. It also reduces the asymmetric sampling of gray-white matter that may lead to false-positive results. We present 5 @entity1 in whom conventional two-dimensional and three-dimensional MRI with multiplanar reformatting was initially considered normal. Subsequent studies using curvilinear reformatting identified lesions in all. Four @entity1 underwent surgery with histological diagnosis of focal @entity6795 . Three @entity1 are @entity410 -free and 1 had significant improvement in @entity410 control. These results indicate that an increase in the detection of subtle focal @entity75 may be accomplished when one improves the anatomical display of the brain gyral structure by performing curvilinear reformatting.

title: Diagnosis of subtle focal XXXX : curvilinear reformatting from three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['subtle structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['dysplastic lesions']


abstract: @entity1066 are commonplace in the developing world, especially in rural areas with poor living conditions and often result from the trauma of road-traffic injuries. @entity1066 may also be due to @entity5327 , @entity16 , @entity1203 , pressure, @entity6 , or @entity8453 , or they may be tropical @entity1066 . If poorly managed, these lesions may undergo malignant transformation. We evaluated the clinical histories and treatment outcomes of @entity1 seen at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, between January 2000 and December 2004, who had histologic diagnosis of @entity1066 , in an attempt to identify risk factors for this problem. The six @entity1 were @entity1 , age 30-70 years (mean, 42 years). @entity130 was the leading cause of injury leading to ulceration: road-traffic accidents (four @entity1 , 66.7%), fall (one @entity1 , 16.7%), and flame burn (one @entity1 , 16.7%). Most injuries involved the limbs: lower (four @entity1 , 66.7%) and upper (one @entity1 , 16.7%). The histologic diagnosis in all the cases were @entity957 and mean latency period from injury to diagnosis of @entity5 was 18.5 years. All the @entity1 had been admitted because of poor results from topical treatment. Three @entity1 (50%) were managed with wide excision and skin grafting with the lesions healed. Ignorance as well as economic and sociocultural factors were the underlying issues. Education concerning the risks associated with chronic wounds and the need for prompt and proper surgical management are recommended.

title: @entity1066 : the importance of surgical management of chronic cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic cutaneous ulcers', "Marjolin's ulcer", 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['nodular leprosy']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity63 causes @entity73 among survivors, which may range from @entity1294 to alterations of a sub clinical nature. These are not easily detected using conventional diagnostic tools. Some of the most frequent disorders after a @entity385 are those affecting sustained attention or vigilance. The event related potential (ERP) P300 or P3 could be a valuable diagnostic indicator of this @entity74 and its evolution. AIMS. The evaluation and diagnosis of sub clinical disorders of sustained attention in @entity1 with @entity385 by using ERP as a method of diagnosis and follow up. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 13 @entity1 with @entity385 located in the left parietal lobe, 13 with @entity1188 in the right parietal lobe and 26 healthy control subjects, who were paired by gender, age and educational level. All subjects were submitted to a computerized continuous performance test, associated with the recording of electrical brain activity. RESULTS: @entity1 with right parietal lesions made more mistakes due to omission, answered fewer questions correctly and had a lower attention index than the rest of the @entity1 and healthy controls. Although there were no significant differences in the P3 amplitude values, @entity1 with right lesion presented significantly increased latencies in the F7, Fz and Cz derivations. After five months there was a significant improvement in performance in the attentional test. The value of the latency in the Cz derivation, nine days after the occurrence of the @entity385 , was related with the number of mistakes made by the subjects five months later in the attention test. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with an @entity2806 in the right @entity75 in sustained attention, which were only diagnosed adequately by use of computerized tests associated with ERP recordings. This shows that evoked potentials are valuable in cognitive diagnosis, and also demonstrates the relation that exists between the capacity to hold the attention on a stimulus over a period of time and the structures of the right parietal lobe. Five months later, these disorders of a sub clinical nature can disappear. The value of the latency in Cz, nine days after the occurrence of the event, acts as a predictor of this recovery. Cognitive rehabilitation plans could benefit from the use of these diagnostic tools.

title: [Use of event related potentials for the diagnosis and follow up of sub clinical disorders of sustained attention in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['parietal lobe presented disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['type of disorder']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: The present study examined the Doppler echocardiograms of 742 @entity1 with an outlet @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) who were seen at the National Cardiovascular Center from 1987 to 1999. Of these, 450 @entity1 were followed for longer than 1 year; 161 of these 450 were younger than 12 months when first examined. During follow-up, Doppler echocardiographic examination was repeated at least once a year. The medical charts of these @entity1 were reviewed. Doppler echocardiographic findings were analysed in @entity1 whose defect closed spontaneously:spontaneous closure at the age of 1-25 years was identified in 17 (3.8%) of 450 @entity1 who were followed for longer than 1 year, and 7 (4.3%) of the 161 @entity1 who were younger than 12 months at the first examination. All closed VSDs were originally smaller than 4mm. Although 5 cases of 17 developed @entity85 of the right coronary cusp, suggesting a prolapse, this did not progress. Of these 5, trivial @entity337 ( @entity337 ) was detected in one @entity1 , while another @entity1 in the group of 17 developed trivial @entity337 without any @entity85 of the right coronary cusp. @entity337 was not progressive in either @entity1 . An outlet @entity1757 closes spontaneously in a small percentage of @entity1 without developing progressive @entity337 .

title: Incidence of spontaneous closure of outlet XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'trivial deformity']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic regurgitation', 'AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: @entity26295 ( @entity26295 ) reduces @entity741 /reperfusion injury. Recent investigations have reported that older hearts are not susceptible to @entity26295 . We investigated if increasing heart size with age determines the susceptibility to @entity26295 in young @entity840 . Langendorff-prepared @entity840 hearts of different weights (1.1-2.2 g) and ages (2-7 wks) were exposed to 1.3 mM @entity2614 for 15 min followed by 30 min washout ( @entity26295 ; n = 20) before 30 min global @entity63 and 120 min reperfusion. Control hearts (n = 20) were not subject to @entity26295 . Left ventricular pressure was measured isovolumetrically and @entity1188 size was determined by @entity5045 staining. Functional data were not different between groups at the beginning of the experiments nor did they correlate with heart weight or age. At 120 min reperfusion, left ventricular pressure, coronary flow, and tissue viability showed significant negative correlations with increasing heart weight and age in @entity26295 but not in control hearts; i.e., @entity26295 improved function and attenuated @entity1188 size better in smaller/younger hearts than in larger/older hearts. Thus, increasing age and heart size attenuate the susceptibility for @entity26295 even in younger @entity840 . This may have important implications for further basic science research and the possible clinical applicability of @entity26295 in @entity1 .

title: Increasing heart size and age attenuate anesthetic preconditioning in XXXX isolated hearts.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26295 :: ('MESH:C536883', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'Anesthetic preconditioning']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']