abstract: The @entity11092 ( @entity11092 ) family consists of several members and, for some of these transporter proteins, distinct roles in multidrug resistance and normal tissue functions have been well established ( @entity11092 and @entity7737 ) or are still under investigation ( @entity22149 ). @entity22149 expression studies in @entity1 tissues have been largely restricted to the mRNA level. In this report we extended these studies and further explored @entity22149 expression at the protein level. Western blot and immunohistochemistry with two @entity22149 -specific monoclonal antibodies, M(3)II-9 and M(3)II-21, showed @entity22149 protein to be present in adrenal gland, and kidney and in tissues of the intestinal tract: colon, pancreas, gallbladder, and liver. In epithelia, @entity22149 was found to be located at the basolateral sides of cell membranes. In normal liver, @entity22149 was detected at lower levels than anticipated from the mRNA data and was found present mainly in the bile ducts. In livers from @entity1 with various forms of @entity1448 , @entity22149 levels were frequently increased in the proliferative cholangiocytes, with sometimes additional staining of the basolateral membranes of the hepatocytes. This was especially evident in @entity1 with type 3 progressive @entity9744 . The present results support the view that @entity22149 plays a role in the cholehepatic and enterohepatic circulation of bile and in protection within the biliary tree and tissues along the bile circulation route against toxic bile constituents. The possible functional roles for @entity22149 in the adrenal gland and in the kidney remain as yet unknown. In a panel of 34 @entity5 samples of various histogenetic origins, distinct amounts of @entity22149 were detected in a limited number of cases, including @entity43 . These findings may be of potential clinical relevance when considering the drug treatment regimens for these @entity5 types.

title: Tissue distribution and induction of XXXX multidrug resistant protein 3.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['MRP', 'MRP1', 'multidrug resistance protein']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['familial intrahepatic cholestasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity5012 therapy can induce @entity2690 autoantibodies ( @entity6207 ) in Japanese @entity2743 @entity1 , a phenomenon possibly linked to their immunogenetic profile. This phenomenon is not observed in Caucasians. We assessed @entity6207 levels in 114 North Indian @entity2743 @entity1 before and after @entity5012 therapy (mean duration 6.2 +/- 3.9 months). The functional significance of @entity6207 was assessed in 46 of them by first phase (sum of +1 and +3 min) @entity2690 response to intravenous @entity413 (IVGTT) and an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) undertaken before commencement of the @entity5012 therapy. @entity6207 were measured using a radiobinding assay and expressed as the assay precision unit, S.D. scores (S.D.S), over healthy controls. Before treatment 22 of 114 (19.3%) @entity1 were @entity6207 positive (mean +/- S.D., 5.9 +/- 3.2 S.D.S). After @entity5012 therapy a further 11 (9.6%) showed positive for @entity6207 (mean +/- S.D., 3.5 +/- 1 S.D.S). Of the 22 @entity1 who were @entity6207 positive before treatment, 12 became negative after @entity5012 therapy. The fasting @entity2690 and first phase @entity2690 responses were similar in @entity6207 positive and @entity6207 negative @entity2743 @entity1 (mean +/- S.D., 61.7 +/- 35.9 versus 88.3 +/- 46.6 pmol/l, P = 0.123 and 1127 +/- 696 versus 1033 +/- 430 pmol/l, P = 0.716, respectively). The OGTT results were comparable in the @entity6207 positive and the @entity6207 negative groups. Thus, North Indian @entity2743 @entity1 , who resemble Caucasians in their HLA haplotypes, behave like Japanese in their tendency to become @entity6207 positive with @entity5012 therapy. A subset of the @entity1 who were @entity6207 positive before treatment also demonstrated negative @entity6207 (12/22) after @entity5012 therapy.

title: @entity2690 autoantibodies before and after @entity5012 therapy in Asian Indian XXXX with @entity2743 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity5012 :: ('MESH:D002231', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbimazole', 'carbimazole']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity8619 ( @entity8619 ) is a common disease of the oral mucosa with worldwide distribution and overall prevalence of 0.5-2.2%. Its etiology remains unclear, although the role of @entity792 is supported by its association with other @entity792 and the presence of auto-cytotoxic T cell clones in the lesions. Although many options for treating symptomatic @entity8619 are available, no therapy is curative. This trial compared treatments with topical @entity1140 0.1% ointment and topical @entity6914 0.05% ointment. Forty @entity1 with histologically proven symptomatic @entity8619 were divided into two groups of 20 to receive @entity6914 (0.05%) ointment or @entity1140 (0.1%) ointment for eight weeks. Follow-up for all @entity1 included three visits during the treatment course and one post-treatment visit. At each visit, objective improvement in the lesions was assessed by two independent investigators. The primary outcome measure was defined as the percentage of @entity1 attaining complete response at eight weeks. Secondary outcome measures were the percentages of @entity1 attaining complete or partial response at 8 and 12 weeks. @entity1 -observed improvement was evaluated at each visit. Demographic parameters and pretreatment disease characteristics were comparable between the groups. The mean net clinical score (NCS) declined progressively from baseline at each follow-up visit in both groups. In the @entity6914 group, the mean NCS declined from 8.00    2.65 at baseline to 2.00    1.49 at 12 weeks. In the @entity1140 group, the mean NCS declined from 7.78    3.25 at baseline to 1.31    1.06 at 12 weeks. At each visit, the decline in mean @entity34834 from baseline was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in both groups. Complete response rates of 40% and 70%, respectively, were achieved in the @entity6914 and @entity1140 groups (P = 0.057). The percentages of @entity1 reporting "good" or "very good" treatment responses at week 8 were 74% in the @entity6914 group and 100% in the @entity1140 group (P > 0.05). No severe adverse events were reported. @entity1140 0.1% ointment is an effective alternative to topical @entity134 and may be considered as a first-line therapy in @entity8619 .

title: Comparative efficacy of @entity1140 0.1% ointment and @entity6914 0.05% ointment in XXXX : a randomized double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6914 :: ('MESH:D002990', 'Chemical') :: ['clobetasol propionate', 'clobetasol']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['OLP', 'Oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity8619 :: (MESH:D017676,Disease) :: ['oral lichen planus']


abstract: The effect of @entity32 , induced in @entity35 by injection of @entity18409 oil, on drug disposition has been evaluated in @entity35 isolated perfused livers. The drugs studied were a low extraction drug, @entity4591 , and two high extraction drugs, @entity3303 and @entity1169 . @entity18409 significantly increased the half-life of @entity4591 and of @entity1169 , but not that of @entity3303 . @entity48341 (SKF 525A) significantly increased the half-life of all three drugs. @entity18409 decreased the clearance of @entity4591 significantly by about 50% and that of @entity1169 non-significantly by about 20%, but did not affect the clearance of @entity3303 . @entity48341 significantly decreased the clearance of all three drugs, but this was most pronounced for @entity4591 . In both @entity18409 - and @entity48341 -treated @entity35 a significant increase in volume of distribution of @entity1169 was observed. The results show that, as with @entity48341 , @entity18409 -induced @entity32 affects the hepatic clearance of @entity4591 in the @entity35 isolated perfused liver. With both high extraction drugs, the effect of @entity32 on their clearance was low or absent, in contrast to the effect of @entity48341 . This suggests that a possible effect of @entity32 on intrinsic clearance is not large enough to influence the hepatic clearance of the high extraction drugs.

title: Effect of @entity32 and @entity48341 on the disposition of @entity4591 , @entity3303 and XXXX in @entity35 isolated perfused liver.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity18409 :: ('MESH:D014425', 'Chemical') :: ['turpentine', 'Turpentine']

entities_list: @entity48341 :: ('MESH:D011335', 'Chemical') :: ['proadifen', 'Proadifen']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity4591 :: ('MESH:D000983', 'Chemical') :: ['antipyrine']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture on peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and cerebral @entity2661 . In order to examine the effects of acupuncture, two experiments were performed. Experiment 1: Eighteen female @entity19 ; C57BL/6) at the age of 7 weeks were divided three groups, (a) sham operated (control; n=6), (b) ovariectomized (OVX; n=6), and (c) ovariectomized and stimulated by subcutaneous needles on acupuncture point, Shenshu (BL23) at the both sides of the back for 20 days (OVX+Acu; n=6). These animals were sacrificed at 20 days after needle insertion, and the @entity706 cells were examined by two-color flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the cell surface antigens, @entity5168 , @entity1961 , @entity3414 and @entity11386 ( @entity4497 ). In the ovariectomized (OVX) group, the peripheral @entity1961 /CD8 ratio was significantly increased and the ratio of natural killer (NK) cells ( @entity5168 - @entity11386 +; @entity5168 negative, @entity11386 positive) to T lymphocytes was decreased compared to the sham control group. In the ovariectomized with needle insertion (OVX+Acu) group, the @entity1961 /CD8 ratio was reduced, but the NK cells ratio was not changed compared to the OVX group. Experiment 2: To investigate the acute effects of subcutaneous needle insertion, male C57BL/6 @entity19 (7 weeks old) were used (n=6, each group). The acupuncture points Shen-shu (BL23) on the backs of the male @entity19 were also stimulated by subcutaneous needles for 3 and 7 days. As a result, the @entity1961 /CD8 ratio was significantly decreased at day 3 and day 7, compared to the control group. On the other hand the NK cells ratio and activated T-cells were increased at day 7. The mitogenic activities in the splenic lymphocytes were also increased by acupuncture stimulation at day 3. @entity2922 contents in the hippocampus were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with the electro-chemical detector (ECD-HPLC) method. No significant change was observed in either @entity935 contents or @entity1063 ; however, @entity935 metabolite, @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ) and @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) were increased at day 3. The study suggests that acupuncture has effects on peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and may modulate mitogenic activity. In addition, acupuncture may stimulate @entity935 turnover.

title: Effects of acupuncture on peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulation and amounts of cerebral @entity2661 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['splenic lymphoid']

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mice (strain']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) is the most common @entity5 in the white population. It is an important driver of healthcare costs and causes significant morbidity. Topical imiquimod is a good noninvasive treatment alternative for surgical excision in @entity542 ( @entity542 ). However, there are currently no uniform histological definitions of @entity542 . A definition based on @entity5 thickness might be a good alternative. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity5 thickness in @entity542 is a predictor of treatment failure. METHODS: We retrospectively examined 127 histological biopsy specimens of @entity542 treated primarily with imiquimod five times a week for 6 weeks. Mean follow-up was 34 months (range 3-91). Recurrence was evaluated clinically with histological verification. RESULTS: Among nonrecurrent cases the median @entity5 thickness was 0  26 mm (range 0  09-0  61), while for recurrent cases the median @entity5 thickness was 0  57 mm (range 0  41-1  41, P < 0  0001). Among lesions  <= 0  40 mm in thickness, none recurred, whereas for lesions > 0  40 mm the recurrence rate was 58% (P < 0  0001). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the use of @entity5 thickness to define the superficial pattern in pathology reports for @entity1491 as this can help to determine treatment response of @entity542 to imiquimod.

title: Thickness of @entity1491 ( @entity542 ) predicts imiquimod efficacy: a proposal for a thickness-based definition of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['superficial BCC', 'sBCC']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCC', 'Basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['sBCC']


abstract: To determine the application of image analysis (IA) to fine needle aspiration (FNA) of @entity1893 , 78 cases, categorized according to the Working Formulation, were analyzed and compared with those analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Aspirated material was immediately fixed in either IA fixative (31 cases) or @entity1324 , stored at -70 degrees C (47 cases) for periods up to 48 months and postfixed in IA fixative. IA assessed @entity894 ( @entity894 ), ploidy balance, degree of hyperdiploidy and proliferation index (PI). @entity894 , % S + G2M and RNA index were obtained by @entity8574 orange FCM. There were no significant differences in measured variables between fresh and stored cases. Statistically significant differences between low, intermediate and high @entity706 were present in all evaluated variables except DNA ploidy ( @entity894 ) (P = .074) measured by IA. @entity894 , however, showed a very high correlation with the @entity894 obtained by FCM (r = .94). PIs, although generally lower, also had a high correlation with S + G2M (r = .85). We conclude that results obtained by IA were comparable to results by FCM and that frozen material can be used to retrospectively evaluate ploidy and proliferation. IA is especially suitable for the evaluation of low-volume specimens obtained by FNA.

title: Comparative analysis of DNA ploidy and proliferative index in fine needle aspirates of XXXX by image analysis and flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['grade lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: Many attempts have described a standard experimental model for @entity174 non-union in laboratory conditions, but the majority of them produced after an experimental osteotomy, so it is different from clinical disturbed @entity174 healing. The purpose of this study is to establish a standard method for producing @entity174 non-union with only muscle interposed into the @entity174 site in @entity35 . @entity174 were made in forty-eight male Wister @entity35 by three point bending and we surgically interposed the distal end of the tibialis anterior muscle into the @entity174 site. They were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 weeks after @entity174 . The rentgenograms were obtained, and the @entity174 tibias were harvested in each time period and investigated histologically and immunohistochemically. The rentgenogram at six weeks, in the non-union @entity35 , showed abundant callus at each end of the @entity174 fragments, but no bridging callus. The histological finding with @entity1710 and @entity1711 , at this point, shows no bridging soft callus, and small isolated regions of cartilage were observed only where the bone was not covered by the muscle. The proliferating cell nuclear antibody immunostaining which is associated with cell proliferation was abruptly lost in chondrocytes at two weeks. This early disappearance of chondrocytes without endochondral ossification may be a significant etiological factor in the development of a non-union. This non-union model is technically simple and reproducible, and dose not require periosteal stripping or surgical osteotomy to produce an artificial bone gap.

title: Establishment of a non-union model using muscle interposition without osteotomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral tibial fractures', 'fractured', 'fracture']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Most thyroid textbooks describe @entity1375 resulting in changes in the length of the menstrual cycle and in the amount of @entity548 . Our experience at a busy thyroid clinic had given a picture which differs from that presented in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and type of @entity1866 in @entity1375 @entity1 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : We investigated the menstrual history, starting 6 months before the discovery of the disease, in 171 female @entity1375 @entity1 and 214 normal controls, with similar age and body mass index (BMI). MEASUREMENTS: TSH, TT4, TT3 and thyroid antibodies were measured by radioimmunoassay, while BMI was calculated from the ratio of body weight in kg to height in m2. RESULTS: Of the 171 @entity1375 @entity1 , 131 (76.6%) had regular cycles and 40 (23.4%) irregular periods. Oligomenorrhoea and @entity931 were the most common features in the latter group. No difference in BMI was found between the @entity1 with or without @entity1866 , or between @entity1 and controls. TSH, TT4 and TT3 levels did not differ between @entity1 with normal and abnormal menstruation. Forty-six (26.9%) out of 171 @entity1 had @entity1375 (group A), 42 (24.6%) mild @entity1375 (group B) and 83 (48.5%) severe @entity1375 (group C). Thirty-seven from group A (80.4%), 32 from group B (76.2%) and 62 from group C (74.7%) had normal periods. These differences were not statistically significant. Eighty-eight (88.9%) out of 99 @entity1 in whom thyroid antibodies were measured had positive titres. Nineteen (21.6%) of the @entity1 with positive thyroid antibodies had @entity1866 . This percentage did not differ from that found in the whole group of @entity1 (23.4%). Out of 214 normal controls, 196 (91.6%) had normal menstruation and 19 (8.4%) irregular cycles. The latter group included mainly @entity1 with oligomenorrhoea. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that @entity1375 in @entity1 is less frequently associated with @entity1866 than was previously described. Also, @entity1866 tend to be more frequent in @entity1375 in comparison with mild cases, although this finding was not statistically significant. Oligomenorrhoea and @entity931 are the most common @entity1866 .

title: Disturbances of menstruation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'premenopausal hypothyroid', 'sever hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularities', 'menstrual disturbance', 'menstrual disturbances', 'menstrual abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In spite of the importance of a multifactorial approach to preventing @entity65 in smokers, most information on the combined adverse effects of smoking and @entity101 or high serum @entity165 on @entity65 has been derived from Western populations, and @entity301 was often used as the only endpoint. Therefore, the present large-scale pooled analysis attempted to provide reliable information on the adverse effects of the coexistence of smoking and @entity101 or high serum @entity165 on the risk of mortality from @entity301 and @entity64 in both, individuals and the entire population in Japan. METHODS: A total of 27,385 male and 39,207 female @entity1 aged 40-89 years were enrolled from 10 well-qualified Japanese cohort studies with a mean follow-up of 10.1 years. Hazard ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals in smokers who had @entity101 or high serum @entity165 were estimated for @entity1 and @entity1 separately using a Cox proportional hazards regression model that included age, body mass index, cohort and either serum total @entity165 or systolic blood pressure as covariates. Fractions of @entity204 attributable to the coexistence of these risk factors were also calculated. RESULTS: The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios in male and female current smokers with @entity101 , compared with those with neither factor were 2.57 (95% confidence intervals, 1.51-4.38) and 6.14 (3.49-10.79) for @entity301 , and 3.28 (1.89-5.71) and 1.61 (0.81-3.18) for @entity385 , respectively. The fractions of @entity204 attributable to the coexistence of current smoking and @entity101 in @entity1 and @entity1 were 24.6 and 9.6% for @entity301 and 28.1 and 2.0% for @entity385 , respectively. Smokers with high serum @entity165 were broadly comparable to @entity101 smokers only with respect to coronary mortality risk; the hazard ratios, compared with those with neither factor were 4.19 (2.33-7.53) for @entity1 and 3.90 (1.57-9.67) for @entity1 . The fraction of coronary @entity204 attributable to the coexistence of current smoking and high serum @entity165 was 6.3% in @entity1 and 2.2% in @entity1 . There was no interaction between smoking habit and blood pressure or serum total @entity165 for these two subtypes in both @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Particular attention should be given to smokers who have concomitant @entity101 or high serum @entity165 for preventing @entity204 due to @entity65 . From a public health perspective in Japan, priority should be given to @entity101 smokers, since this group makes a large contribution to the burden of both coronary and @entity385 deaths.

title: Influence of smoking combined with another risk factor on the risk of mortality from @entity301 and XXXX : pooled analysis of 10 Japanese cohort studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity50951 (SB) is an @entity7416 ( @entity7416 ) antagonist that has previously been shown to inhibit @entity687 -based @entity5 cell invasion, and to possess in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. The present study presented an evidence for the cell cycle-targeting activity of SB in a panel of @entity876 -mutant @entity1 @entity5 cell lines of different origin, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. A combination of cell cycle analysis, immunocytometry, immunoblotting, and RNA interference revealed that SB induced a @entity36938 -dependent @entity1167 . Mechanistically, SB was shown to possess a microtubule destabilizing activity evidenced by hyperphosphorylation of @entity588 and @entity1836 , suppression of microtubule polymerization and induction of a prometaphase arrest. Molecular docking studies suggested that SB has a good affinity toward @entity5713 -binding site on b-tubulin subunit. Of note, @entity50952 which is a close structural analog of @entity50951 with a potent @entity7416 antagonistic activity did not exhibit a similar antimitotic activity. Importantly, in P-glycoprotein overexpressing NCI/Adr-Res cells the antitumor activity of SB was unaffected by multidrug resistance. Interestingly, the mechanisms of SB-induced cell death were cell-line dependent, where in invasive @entity157 HLE cells the significant contribution of BAK-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis was demonstrated. Conversely, SB activated @entity1435 MAPK signaling in @entity14 cells SW480, and pharmacologic inhibition of @entity1435 MAPK activity revealed its key role in mediating SB-induced caspase-independent cell death. In summary, the present study introduced SB as a promising antitumor agent which has the potential to exert its activity through dual mechanisms involving microtubules targeting and interference with @entity687 -drivin @entity5 progression.

title: Molecular mechanisms of the antitumor activity of XXXX : a novel microtubule inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic arrest']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity50951 :: (MESH:C112019,Chemical) :: ['SB225002']


abstract: Thermography has been proposed as a diagnostic @entity3224 in @entity1 with @entity13549 . Supporters of thermography state that: (a) normal @entity1 have normal thermograms of their lower extremities, and (b) abnormal @entity1 (with @entity397 causing @entity13549 ) have abnormal thermograms. To test these two hypotheses, 56 @entity1 with clinically documented acute @entity13549 , with a supporting diagnostic study [computed tomography (CT), CT/myelography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging] showing a @entity397 , had presurgical thermograms. One year after surgical intervention, they had to have had a documented success to surgical treatment intervention to stay in the study. These 56 @entity1 were then matched with 56 control (normal) @entity1 who had electronic thermograms. The 112 thermograms were then interpreted blindly by two thermographers. The sensitivity and specificity of thermography as a diagnostic @entity3224 in @entity13549 were statistically analyzed. The sensitivity of thermography (its ability to be positive when @entity13549 was clinically obvious) was 60% and 50% for the two thermographic readers. The specificity of thermography (its ability to be negative in asymptomatic @entity1 ) was 45% and 48% for the two thermographers. Our conclusions are no different than those published in 1985: thermography is not useful as a diagnostic @entity3224 in @entity13549 .

title: Thermography as a diagnostic @entity3224 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured disk', 'disk ruptures']

answer: @entity13549 :: (MESH:D012585,Disease) :: ['sciatica']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of the body mass index (BMI) with mortality and with non-fatal functional outcome in @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ). Obesity is an established risk factors in primary @entity65 prevention including @entity64 . The impact of overweight in @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity4905 on secondary fatal and non-fatal functional outcomes is less well established. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from 4428 @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) from the Telemedical Project for Integrative @entity64 Care (TEMPiS) were studied in this post hoc analysis. The body mass index was available in 1521 @entity1 . @entity1 were categorized as underweight (BMI <18.5), normal (BMI 18.5 to <25) overweight (BMI 25 to <30), @entity28 (BMI 30 to <35), advanced @entity28 (BMI >= 35 all kg/m(2)), and no body weight assessed. Outcome measures after 30 months were all-cause mortality and non-fatal outcomes: recurrent @entity64 , need for institutional care, and functional impairment (Barthel index <60, modified Rankin score >3). Mortality risk was lower in overweight @entity1 [hazard ratio (HR): 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-0.86) and lowest in @entity28 (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.35-0.71) and very @entity28 @entity1 (HR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.66] compared with normal BMI. Functional, non-fatal outcomes, and recurrent @entity64 followed the same inverse pattern: underweight @entity1 had the worst outcomes but @entity28 @entity1 had better outcomes than @entity1 with normal BMI (all P < 0.01). After adjustment for multiple confounding factors, @entity28 @entity1 had a lower risk of the combined endpoints of @entity204 or institutional care (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38-0.92), @entity204 or high dependency (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39-0.91) and @entity204 or recurrent @entity64 (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.86). Mortality was significantly lower in @entity28 @entity1 (all BMI >30 kg/m(2)) than @entity1 with normal weight (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50-0.98). Underweight @entity1 had consistently the highest risks for all endpoints. CONCLUSION: Overweight and @entity28 @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity4905 have better survival and better combined outcomes of survival and non-fatal functional status than @entity1 with the BMI <25 kg/m(2).

title: Overweight and @entity28 are associated with improved survival, functional outcome, and XXXX recurrence after @entity64 or @entity4905 : observations from the TEMPiS trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Male accessory gland proteins (Acps) act as key modulators of reproductive success in insects by influencing the female reproductive physiology and behavior. We used custom microarrays and identified 112 genes that were highly expressed in male accessory glands (MAG) in the @entity5399 , @entity5399 . Out of these 112 identified genes, 59 of them contained sequences coding for signal peptide and cleavage site and the remaining 53 contained transmembrane domains. The expression of 14 of these genes in the MAG but not in other tissues of male or female was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. In virgin males, juvenile hormone (JH) levels increased from second day post adult emergence (PAE), remained high on third day PAE and declined on fourth day PAE. The ecdysteroid titers were high soon after adult emergence but declined to minimal levels from 1 to 5 days PAE. Feeding of juvenile hormone analog, @entity51448 , but not the ecdysteroid analog, @entity29160 , showed an increase in size of MAGs, as well as an increase in total RNA and protein content of MAG. @entity51448 treatment also increased the expression of Acp genes in the MAG. RNAi-mediated knock-down in the expression of @entity51449 gene decreased the size of MAGs and expression of Acps. @entity2338 influenced @entity410 as evidenced by a less vigor in mating behavior, poor sperm transfer, low egg and the progeny production by females mated with the @entity2338 males. These data suggest a critical role for JH in the regulation of male reproduction especially through MAG secretions.

title: Juvenile hormone regulation of male accessory gland activity in the @entity5399 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['JH deficiency', 'JH deficient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['male reproductive fitness']

entities_list: @entity5399 :: ('7070', 'Species') :: ['red flour beetle', 'Tribolium castaneum']

entities_list: @entity51448 :: ('MESH:C006481', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroprene', 'Hydroprene']

answer: @entity5399 :: (7070,Species) :: ['Tribolium castaneum']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical management of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) in @entity1 receiving intravenous treatment with @entity452 , @entity7604 , or @entity21187 , and to evaluate differences, based on treatment received, in the in-hospital mortality rate, length of stay (LOS), total health care costs, and 30-day hospital readmission rate. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. DATA SOURCE: University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) Clinical Database Pharmacy, a database with information from 32 academic hospitals. @entity1 : Two thousand one hundred thirty @entity1 with @entity712 who received @entity452 (1311 @entity1 ), @entity7604 (433), or @entity21187 (386). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity712 were categorized according to the vasoactive therapy received. To evaluate baseline characteristics, chi(2) analysis was used; logistic regression was employed to assess the relationships between drug therapy and in-hospital mortality rates, and multivariate linear regression was used to assess whether drug therapy was related to LOS and total health care costs. All regression analyses controlled for age, sex, race, region of the United States where the hospital was located, primary payer for the hospital stay, UHC @entity1 severity class, and @entity177 . In-hospital mortality rates were 10.2%, 7.9%, and 2.9% in the @entity452 , @entity7604 , and @entity21187 groups, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted odds ratio for death of 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-6.8) for @entity452 and 3.9 (95% CI 1.8-8.3) for @entity7604 (p<0.0001). Compared with inotropic therapy ( @entity452 and @entity7604 ), mean LOS in the hospital and the intensive care unit were lower with @entity21187 (p<0.001). Total health care costs were lowest with @entity21187 , but this reached statistical significance only when compared with @entity7604 (p<0.001). Thirty-day hospital readmission rates with @entity452 , @entity7604 , and @entity21187 were 5.0%, 9.5%, and 3.9%, respectively (p=NS). CONCLUSION: @entity21187 therapy was associated with a lower in-hospital mortality rate and shorter LOS compared with @entity452 and @entity7604 . In addition, total health care costs with @entity21187 were decreased compared with @entity7604 . These observations need to be validated by a randomized controlled trial.

title: Outcomes associated with vasoactive therapy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute decompensated heart failure', 'ADHF']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

entities_list: @entity21187 :: ('MESH:D020097', 'Chemical') :: ['Nesiritide', 'nesiritide']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute decompensated heart failure']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study on postoperative @entity19140 paresthetica after posterior thoracolumbar spine surgery on the Relton-Hall frame. OBJECTIVES: To assess the incidence of postoperative lateral femoral @entity2096 and to investigate its risk factors and clinical outcomes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity86 paresthetica is a common complication of posterior thoracolumbar spine surgery. The injury mechanism is external compression to the LFCN near the anterior superior iliac spine in the prone position. METHODS: A total of 252 @entity1 were examined for signs of @entity19140 paresthetica before and after surgery. @entity1 with a @entity2096 were followed regularly until sensory impairment resolved. Several possible contributing factors were assessed to evaluate the correlations. RESULTS: @entity86 paresthetica was experienced by 60 @entity1 (23.8%). @entity1 with an @entity2096 had a significantly greater body mass index (23.6 vs. 22.4 kg/m2) and a longer surgical time (3.7 vs. 3.2 hours). Overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 had a significantly greater incidence (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.29). @entity1 operated for @entity179 also had a significantly higher incidence of @entity2096 (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-5.13). Recovery took 10.5 days on average (range, 2 days to 2 months). Thirty-two @entity1 (53%) recovered completely within the first week and every @entity1 recovered within 2 months. CONCLUSION: @entity86 paresthetica is a common but benign complication of posterior thoracolumbar spine surgery. @entity179 , overweight/ @entity28 , and longer surgical time are factors related to a higher incidence of @entity2096 . The clinical outcome is always excellent, and complete recovery can be expected within 2 months.

title: XXXX paresthetica after posterior spine surgery: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative spinal disorders', 'degenerative spinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative meralgia']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous nerve (LFCN) neuralgia', 'LFCN injury']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative meralgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare magnetic resonance imaging-derived right ventricular (RV) dimensions and function between @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 and healthy subjects, and to relate these parameters to left ventricular (LV) dimensions and function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: RV and LV volumes and functions were assessed in 78 @entity1 with uncomplicated type 2 @entity6 and 28 healthy @entity1 within the same range of age using magnetic resonance imaging. Steady-state free precession sequences were used to assess ventricular dimensions. Flow velocity mapping across the pulmonary valve and tricuspid valve was used to assess RV outflow and diastolic filling patterns, respectively. Univariate general linear models were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: RV end-diastolic volume was significantly decreased in @entity1 compared with healthy subjects after adjustment for BMI and pulse pressure (177    28 mL vs. 197    47 mL, P < 0.01). RV systolic function was impaired: peak ejection rate across the pulmonary valve was decreased (433    54 mL/s vs. 463    71 mL/s, P < 0.01) and pulmonary flow acceleration time was longer (124    17 ms vs. 115    25 ms, P < 0.05). Indexes of RV diastolic function were impaired: peak filling rate and peak deceleration gradient of the early filling phase were 315    63 mL/s vs. 356    90 mL/s (P < 0.01) and 2.3    0.8 mL/s(2)   10(-3) vs. 2.8    0.8 mL/s(2)   10(-3) (P < 0.01), respectively. All RV parameters were strongly associated with its corresponding LV parameter (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity13088 affects the right ventricle, as demonstrated by RV @entity5707 and impaired systolic and diastolic functions in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 , in a similar manner as changes in LV dimensions and functions. These observations suggest that @entity67 might be a component of the @entity13088 phenotype.

title: Right ventricular involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic cardiomyopathy', 'diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['remodeling']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV impairment']

answer: @entity13088 :: (MESH:D058065,Disease) :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: We report four unusual cases of hyalinizing trabecular @entity259 , three of which displayed @entity3120 and were classified as minimally invasive @entity189 . These three @entity1 were all euthyroid @entity1 aged 18, 39, and 62 years. The youngest @entity1 also had @entity1412 , while the oldest @entity1 was being followed for @entity2621 . All three lesions were solitary nodules, were "cold" by radioactive @entity1496 thyroid scan, and ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 cm in diameter. The @entity5 were encapsulated and had growth patterns and cytologic features similar to those described for hyalinizing @entity652 . In fact, the only difference between these minimally @entity189 and the corresponding @entity652 was the presence of capsular invasion in all three of the cases and vascular invasion in two. All three @entity1 are free of recurrent or metastatic disease at 1 to 2 years' follow-up. The fourth @entity1 , a 48-year-old @entity1 , had a @entity189 within a hyalinizing trabecular @entity652 . She is also free of disease 5 years following excision of the involved lobe. These findings suggest that hyalinizing trabecular @entity259 have a malignant counterpart, similar to @entity652 , and that @entity3557 may arise within hyalinizing trabecular @entity259 .

title: XXXX of the thyroid gland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['conventional follicular adenomas', 'trabecular adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['capsular and/or blood vessel invasion']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['micropapillary carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'invasive hyalinizing trabecular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Hyalinizing trabecular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide rationales for the prevention and treatment of elderly @entity1 with @entity73 through comparing the comorbidities according to different etiologies and severities. METHODS: Six groups of different cognitive status were selected. There were 438 normal cognitive subjects (NC) from Jing'an community of Shanghai. Five other groups were from the Memory Clinic at our hospital from June 2006 to June 2010. There were subjective memory complaints (n = 443, SMC), mild @entity73 (n = 540, MCI), vascular @entity73 -non @entity303 (n = 119, @entity11702 ), @entity195 (n = 337, @entity195 ) and @entity1294 (n = 54, VaD). All @entity1 finished a battery of neuropsychological tests and completed the survey of such comorbidities as @entity64 , conscious disturbance, @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity542 and @entity457 . RESULTS: The comorbidity rates of @entity6 were 11.4%, 9.9%, 16.1%, 14.2%, 12.4% and 18.5% in 6 groups (NC, SMC, MCI, @entity11702 , @entity195 , VaD) respectively. There were no differences for overall or pairwise chi square tests. The rates of @entity64 , @entity101 and @entity457 in @entity1 of @entity11702 and VaD were higher than those of SMC, MCI and @entity195 . The comorbidity rates in the @entity11702 and VaD group were 54.6% vs 62.9% for @entity64 ; 61.3% vs 79.6% for @entity101 ; 22.6% vs 37.0% for @entity457 . Whereas in the SMC, MCI and @entity195 groups, the rates were 9.4%, 10.9% and 3.0% for @entity64 ; 44.9%, 47.2% and 42.1% for @entity101 ; 18.0%, 18.3% and 15.1% for @entity457 . No distinct differences existed for the comorbidity rates among SMC, MCI and @entity195 groups or among different degrees of @entity195 . CONCLUSION: Etiologies rather than severities determine the different rates of comorbidities in the elders with @entity73 .

title: [Survey of comorbidities for hospitalized XXXX with @entity73 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['excessive drinking']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An increase of some serum lipid fractions has been documented in normotensive healthy volunteers and @entity1 with essential @entity101 during acute drastic restriction of salt intake. To clarify the potential role of vasopressor systems, particularly the sympathetic system, in the lipid changes induced by salt restriction, we compared fasting serum lipids, @entity413 , insulin, and C-peptide levels in 16 normotensive healthy volunteers during 7 days of high (200 mmol/day) and 7 days of low (20 mmol/day) salt intake. The individuals were examined on either placebo or on the @entity6927 -adrenergic blocker @entity16427 (2 mg/day). The study was carried out using a single blind parallel group random order design with two arms of treatment. In the volunteers on placebo, total @entity165 (corrected for hemoconcentration) was significantly higher (P < .01) during low salt intake. The same was true for LDL- @entity165 , whereas HDL- @entity165 and @entity1674 did not change with salt intake. The lipid changes, and, in parallel, the changes of hemoconcentration indicators, were more pronounced after 2 days than after 7 days of low salt intake. The rise of total and LDL- @entity165 on low salt was blunted after @entity6927 -adrenergic blockade with @entity16427 . Fasting glycemia was similar on low salt and high salt, respectively, but in placebo treated volunteers, C-peptide levels were significantly (P < .01) higher on low, rather than high, salt intake. @entity6927 -Adrenergic blockade with @entity16427 attenuated the rise of C-peptide levels on low salt. The results confirm previous findings that levels of total @entity165 and LDL- @entity165 change inversely with salt intake in normotensive healthy volunteers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum lipid changes on low salt diet. Effects of XXXX -adrenergic blockade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6927 :: (146,Gene) :: ['alpha 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ectopic pituitary @entity652 are rare. Only 29 cases are reported in the literature. The clivus was involved in some cases but sella turcica was occasionally involved. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: @entity10 was the first symptom of a 47-year-old @entity1 . Radiological examination diagnosed a @entity5 . No connection with the pituitary gland was observed. Pre-operative diagnosis was @entity3 of an unknown @entity5 . INTERVENTION: By a transphenoidal approach, we removed a haemorrhagic @entity5 . No connection between the normal @entity5 was observed. Neuropathological analysis showed a @entity2013 . CONCLUSION: We report a rare case of an ectopic @entity2013 in the clivus unrelated to the pituitary gland. Only one other case has been reported in the literature.

title: XXXX in the clivus.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary gland and the tumour', 'cancer', 'clivus tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['Ectopic prolactinoma']


abstract: To estimate the incidence and distribution of nontuberculuous mycobacterial surgery, a retrospective case record study of 42 @entity1 operated for cervicofacial @entity4593 in Oslo from 1990 to 2000 was performed. Mean age at diagnosis was 41 months and mean duration of the disease was 40 weeks from symptom onset to remission. All presented with localized and unilateral disease without increased hematological parameters. The majority of @entity1 had one lesion localized in the submandibular region characterized by changes in the overlying skin color, but without @entity39 or @entity292 formation. @entity1 below three significantly more often presented with only one lesion and the referring physician more frequently suspected @entity5 and bacterial @entity3298 than reactive adenopathy in this group. Compared to older @entity1 , there was a tendency for shorter symptom duration prior to outpatient treatment (mean 4 and 13 weeks for @entity1 up to 3 and above 3 years, respectively, t=-1.6, P=0.11). Furthermore, mycobacterial cultures and histopathology from surgical specimens was needed to diagnose the disease correctly. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was unsuccessful in 27% (n=8) of the @entity1 , due to non-cooperative @entity1 (n=2) or inconclusive material (n=6), and mycobacterial growth was not obtained in any of the samples. Intradermal mycobacteria skin testing yielded 29% (n=10) false negatives. Although mycobacteria was correctly diagnosed in the remaining @entity1 , correct specimen was found in only 31% (n=11) of the 25 cases.

title: Surgery required to verify XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4593 :: ('MESH:D009165', 'Disease') :: ['atypical mycobacterial infections']

answer: @entity4593 :: (MESH:D009165,Disease) :: ['atypical mycobacterial infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Urinary albumin excretion is subject to intra-individual variability. Thus, for research purposes, it is recommended to test three urine samples collected over a short period of time. The objective of our analysis was to check the usefulness of triplicate samples to determine the albuminuric status of @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We present the results of the non-planned retrospective analysis of 246 triplicate morning urine samples obtained from 95 type 2 diabetics included in three multinational, randomized, double-blind studies. @entity633 was determined by immunoturbidimetry on fresh samples in the same central laboratory. Microalbuminuria was defined by a urine albumin to @entity1011 ratio (UACR) between 2.5 and 25 mg/mmol in males and between 3.5 and 35 mg/mmol in females. Concordance was obtained when the second and/or third sample (UACR2 and UACR3) confirmed the albuminuric status obtained from the first sample (UACR1). RESULTS: Considering the first samples, 9% were within the normal range, 35% showed microalbuminuria and 56% showed macroalbuminuria. The overall concordance rate was 95%. The log of UACR was highly correlated between samples. Bland-Altman plots expressed in percent variations between two samples confirmed that the mean variation was low (around 8%) but revealed the scattering of values, 95% being between -60 and +77% of variation between samples. CONCLUSIONS: There is no benefit in repeating morning UACR determination in @entity6 @entity1 to accurately categorize a subject as having normo-, micro- or macroalbuminuria. However, in order to accurately quantify @entity633 , repeated determinations are required.

title: Are triplicate urine samples necessary to assess XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The CALYPSO phase III trial compared @entity1050 ( @entity3003 -pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD)) with CP ( @entity3003 - @entity1311 ) in @entity1 with @entity902 -sensitive recurrent @entity43 (ROC). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) data are now mature. METHODS: @entity1 with ROC relapsing > 6 months after first- or second-line therapy were randomised to @entity1050 or CP for six cycles in this international, open-label, non-inferiority trial. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. The @entity1349 analysis is presented here. RESULTS: A total of 976 @entity1 were randomised (467 to @entity1050 and 509 to CP). With a median follow-up of 49 months, no statistically significant difference was observed between arms in @entity1349 (hazard ratio = 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.85, 1.16); log-rank P = 0.94). Median survival times were 30.7 months ( @entity1050 ) and 33.0 months (CP). No statistically significant difference in @entity1349 was observed between arms in predetermined subgroups according to age, body mass index, treatment-free interval, measurable disease, number of lines of prior chemotherapy, or performance status. Post-study cross-over was imbalanced between arms, with a greater proportion of @entity1 randomised to CP receiving post-study PLD (68%) than @entity1 randomised to @entity1050 receiving post-study @entity1311 (43%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity3003 -PLD led to delayed progression and similar @entity1349 compared with @entity3003 - @entity1311 in @entity902 -sensitive ROC.

title: Final overall survival results of phase III GCIG CALYPSO trial of pegylated liposomal @entity632 and @entity3003 vs @entity1311 and @entity3003 in @entity902 -sensitive @entity43 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: METHODS: @entity1 who had survived @entity43 without further treatment, active disease, or recurrence for at least 2 years were surveyed by mail. RESULTS: Two hundred (67.8%) @entity43 survivors, who had been recurrence free for a mean of 7.2 +/- 4.9 years, responded. The cause of @entity43 was attributed to stress (63.5%), diet (39.0%), genes (36.5%), environment (32.5%), hormones (30.0%), sex life (11.0%), and smoking (9.5%). They attributed their lack of @entity5 recurrence to positive attitude (82.5%), close medical follow-up (82.0%), healthy lifestyle (69.0%), prayer (68.0%), stress reduction (66.5%), diet (63.0%), and exercise (58.5%). Overall, 45% of @entity1 thought their recurrence risk was below average, 28.5% average, 23% above average, and 3.5% reported that they did not know their particular risk. Although 35.5% of @entity1 reported that they hardly ever thought of @entity5 recurrence, 28% thought of it at least monthly, 24.5% at least weekly, and 12% at least daily. Almost half (43.5%) of the @entity1 had bad dreams related to their @entity5 experience, and 25% of these @entity1 reported the dreams had a negative effect on their sense of well-being. Over half (62.5%) reported high to extreme @entity148 at the time of @entity5 check-ups, but 47% were not afraid of what their futures held for them. However, 12% were very afraid of dying of @entity43 , and 5% were "constantly afraid of dying." Most @entity1 reported healthy behaviors with respect to not smoking (95.5%), balanced diet (92.0%), and regular exercise (65.0%). Of note was that 82% took vitamins or other supplements. CONCLUSION: Healthcare providers should be aware that the personal beliefs held by @entity43 @entity1 and survivors about @entity5 cause and recurrence prevention may be at variance with scientific evidence. This may assist in framing the ongoing management of @entity1 in personally meaningful ways, which may increase adherence to a healthy lifestyle, engender a sense of control, and improve quality of life.

title: The views of XXXX survivors on its cause, prevention, and recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Auditory @entity1833 (eg, @entity393 ) are relatively common and underreported false sensory experiences that may produce distress and impairment. A large proportion of those who experience @entity2167 go unidentified and untreated. Traditional engagement methods oftentimes fall short in reaching the diverse population of @entity1 who experience @entity2167 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to examine the viability of leveraging Web-based social media as a method of engaging @entity1 who experience @entity2167 and to evaluate their attitudes toward using social media platforms as a resource for Web-based support and technology-based treatment. METHODS: We used Facebook advertisements to recruit individuals who experience @entity2167 to complete an 18-item Web-based survey focused on issues related to @entity2167 and technology use in American adults. We systematically tested multiple elements of the advertisement and survey layout including image selection, survey pagination, question ordering, and advertising targeting strategy. Each element was evaluated sequentially and the most cost-effective strategy was implemented in the subsequent steps, eventually deriving an optimized approach. Three open-ended question responses were analyzed using conventional inductive content analysis. Coded responses were quantified into binary codes, and frequencies were then calculated. RESULTS: Recruitment netted N=264 total sample over a 6-week period. Ninety-seven @entity1 fully completed all measures at a total cost of  8.14 per @entity1 across testing phases. Systematic adjustments to advertisement design, survey layout, and targeting strategies improved data quality and cost efficiency. @entity1 were willing to provide information on what triggered their @entity2167 along with strategies they use to cope, as well as provide suggestions to others who experience @entity2167 . @entity1 , @entity1 who use mobile phones, and those experiencing more distress, were reportedly more open to using Facebook as a support and/or therapeutic tool in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Facebook advertisements can be used to recruit research @entity1 who experience @entity2167 quickly and in a cost-effective manner. Most (58%) Web-based respondents are open to Facebook-based support and treatment and are willing to describe their subjective experiences with @entity2167 .

title: Using Facebook to Reach XXXX Who Experience Auditory Hallucinations.

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Women', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing voices']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucinations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: Delayed @entity1223 (CO) @entity75 is a serious complication of @entity5499 . We present a case of successful treatment of @entity1280 , a newer atypical antipsychotic, in delayed CO @entity75 . A 52-year-old @entity308 @entity1 suffered acute CO intoxication after an attempt of suicide by burning charcoal. She was initially treated with hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) therapy for the @entity8769 . One week later, the @entity1 developed @entity146 including @entity304 , @entity910 ( @entity910 ), @entity73 , @entity322 , gait disturbance, @entity2798 , disorientation to time, place and @entity1 , and disorganized as well as disturbing behavior. During her @entity146 hospitalization, the @entity1 had been treated with daily HBO therapy, @entity2847 (2.5 mg/day), the conventional antipsychotic @entity3216 (600 mg/day), and atypical antipsychotics such as @entity1090 (5 mg/day) and @entity1089 (400 mg/day). However, her delayed @entity5499 persisted despite of these treatments. It was until she had been treated with @entity1280 (80 mg/day) for 10 days that her mental condition was improved. With @entity1280 therapy, the @entity1 obtained substantial improvement in her @entity146 , cognitive function, and daily activities. Our case indicates that @entity1280 can be used effectively in the treatment of delayed CO @entity75 .

title: @entity1280 in the treatment of delayed XXXX @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity5499 :: ('MESH:D002249', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric sequelae of CO intoxication', 'acute CO poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['acute intoxication']

answer: @entity1223 :: (MESH:D002248,Chemical) :: ['carbon monoxide']


abstract: Exercise has been demonstrated to reduce experimental @entity5 formation in rodents when the exercise is present during the @entity5 initiation or promotion phases. This study evaluated whether exercise influenced the process of @entity5 @entity3 and subsequent growth in a secondary implant site. Male C3H @entity19 remained sedentary, were given free access to running wheels, ran on a treadmill (15 m.min-1, 30 min.d-1), or walked on a treadmill (5 m.min-1, 5 min.d-1)(N = 20/group). Following 9 wk of this protocol, exercise was discontinued. At this time all animals received a @entity5 cell dose (CIRAS 1, 3 x 10(5)) i.v., and remained sedentary until sacrificed 3 wk later. Splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity was elevated in the wheel running @entity19 compared with sedentary controls 3 wk after cessation of exercise (F(3,74) = 6.266, P < 0.002). Exercised @entity19 displayed lower @entity5 cell retention in the lungs relative to nonexercised @entity19 (F(1,37) = 6.593, P < 0.02). @entity5 incidence was not different across activity groups whereas @entity5 multiplicity was higher in @entity19 that had been previously exposed to exercise. (However, it should be noted that the significant exercise- @entity5 effect was due to a small number of exercised @entity19 with extreme multiplicity, > 200 foci/lung.) More extensive @entity5 colony formation was present in wheel-trained @entity19 that displayed the greatest volumes of daily running. The results from this study suggest that exercise was able to augment natural immune cytotoxic function for up to 3 wk after cessation of activity. However, this augmentation of natural immune function was not associated with reduced @entity5 incidence in the exercised animals.

title: Effect of exercise on natural cytotoxicity and pulmonary tumor metastases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether magnetic-resonance (MR) sialography can be used to investigate radiation-induced @entity2133 . Preradiotherapy (pre-RT) and postradiotherapy (post-RT) MR sialographic images of the major salivary ducts (parotid and submandibular) were compared. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Magnetic-resonance sialography was performed pre-RT, and 6 weeks and 6 months post-RT on 9 @entity1 with T1-4N0-2M0 naso- or @entity5 , on a 1.5-T MR scanner. @entity1 were positioned in the scanner, using a radiotherapy immobilization mask. Image registration of the MR sialograms pre- and post-RT with each other and with the CT and consequently the dose distribution was performed. A categorical scoring system was used to compare the visibility of ducts pre-RT and post-RT. RESULTS: Good-quality MR sialographic images were obtained, and image registration was successful in all cases. The visibility score of the parotid ducts and submandibular ducts was reduced at 6 weeks post-RT, which means that the full trajectory of the salivary ducts, from the intraglandular space to the mouth cavity, was only partially visualized. For some of the parotid ducts, the visibility score improved at 6 months post-RT, but not for the submandibular ducts. The mean dose for the parotid glands was 35 Gy (1 standard deviation [SD] 3 Gy), and for the submandibular glands it was 62 Gy (SD, 8 Gy). CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional MR sialography is a promising approach for investigating @entity2133 , because radiation-induced changes to the saliva content of the ducts can be visualized.

title: 3D MR sialography as a tool to investigate radiation-induced XXXX : feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal tumors']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['xerostomia']


abstract: The pathologic basis for @entity10818 is classically attributed to @entity1463 or @entity194 of the ciliary muscle, but recent work suggests that thickening and loss of elasticity of the anterior lens capsule play an important role. As no practical means for attenuating or reversing the aging process of lens protein has been identified, alteration of the lens capsule eventually might prove to be a desirable alternative to spectacle correction in presbyopic individuals. This paper describes changes in the refractive properties of the lens resulting from alteration of the anterior lens capsule by application of focal cautery, using both an in vitro, in situ and an in vivo @entity95 model. In vitro thermal treatment (electrocautery) of the capsule significantly increased the anterior curvature of the lens by an average of +2.95 diopters. Histologic examination of the treated lenses showed thinning of the capsule in the treated areas, as well as focal @entity13312 in the lens substance beneath the lesions. In vivo thermal treatment of eyes induced a significant shift toward @entity1714 , compared with control eyes. The accommodative range increased post-treatment relative to the controls, but the effect diminished over time, stabilizing near baseline at two to three weeks after treatment. Histologic examination showed localized changes but no signs of diffuse @entity231 formation. We conclude that the anterior capsule may play a significant role in the refractive power and accommodative changes in the crystalline lens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Refractive changes induced by electrocautery of the XXXX anterior lens capsule.

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['lenticular sclerosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because @entity905 may be associated with an induction or exacerbation of @entity304 , caution has been suggested when considering @entity905 as an antidepressant for @entity1 with @entity191 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 23 outpatients with @entity191 who were receiving or had received @entity905 . One author evaluated all @entity1 using the Northwestern University Disability Scale for scoring @entity304 . Rather than employing a formal @entity308 scale, we assessed @entity308 globally. Concurrent medications were permitted. RESULTS: Twenty of the 23 @entity1 experienced no worsening of @entity304 while being treated with up to 40 mg of @entity905 per day. The other 3 @entity1 ' @entity304 worsened to a mild degree: a 74-year-old @entity1 experienced an increase in @entity910 , @entity400 , and @entity2003 ; a 77-year-old @entity1 experienced a slight worsening in @entity400 and @entity2003 ; and a 56-year-old @entity1 experienced a decline in gait and @entity910 . It was unclear if these declines, which were neither acute nor severe, were due to @entity905 treatment or the progression of the disease. Signs of @entity304 in 2 @entity1 appeared to improve during @entity905 treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity905 , in doses up to 40 mg/day, does not appear to be associated with exacerbations of @entity191 signs and symptoms in outpatients with @entity191 . Further investigation of @entity905 for the treatment of @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity191 is warranted.

title: Does XXXX exacerbate @entity191 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: We describe 3-year clinical course of a 54-year-old Japanese @entity1 who presented with action @entity2045 , @entity304 and @entity302 . There was no family history or consanguinity. The @entity1 was well until the age of 51 years (in 1986), when he noted slow movements, @entity2414 and left hand @entity400 . He was treated with anti-Parkinson drugs without any improvements. Soon thereafter, he developed a gait disturbance and generalized tonic @entity410 . He was admitted to our service at the age of 53 years. General physical examination revealed no @entity828 . Neurological examination showed mild @entity303 . Neither @entity989 nor cherry red spot was noted. He was unable to walk due to marked frozen gait. His upward gaze was limited and saccadic eye movement was slow. He had action @entity2045 in both @entity2045 and resting @entity400 on the left side. He showed mild @entity1269 . Deep tendon reflex was hyperactive in both side with extensor plantar responses. MRI demonstrated @entity194 , especially marked at the bilateral temporal lobes with a right side predominance. Leukocyte lysosomal enzyme activities of @entity10814 , beta-galactosidase and sialidase were within normal limits. The @entity1 died of @entity55 on April 25, 1989. At the time of a neurological CPC, neurologists reached the clinical diagnosis of adult-type @entity12030 . Postmortem examination revealed @entity3127 . The brain weighed 1,219 g and showed @entity1315 . Histological examination showed neuronal cells with swollen cytoplasm and lipofuscin-like granules throughout the CNS, including the cerebral cortex, thalamus, substantia nigra, motor nuclei of the brain stem, dentate nuclei, inferior olivary nuclei. Clarke's nuclei and anterior horn cells. Marked @entity528 was noted in the right temporal lobe and substantia nigra. Electron micrographs of the frontal cortex revealed "fingerprint profiles" in the cytoplasm of neuronal and glial cells. Pathological findings were consistent with the diagnosis of adult-type @entity12030 ( @entity12030 ).

title: [A 54-year-old @entity1 with action @entity2045 , XXXX and @entity302 ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus', 'upper extremities']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity10814 :: ('10724', 'Gene') :: ['beta-hexosaminidase']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis', "Kufs' disease"]

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the temporal lobes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The quality and viability of mastectomy flaps remain a central challenge in reconstructive surgery, particularly for immediate breast reconstruction. Insufficient perfusion in tissue flaps is a leading cause of early complications following reconstructive procedures, and clinical judgment alone is not completely reliable for the assessment of flap viability. Accurate and reliable intraoperative methods for assessment of tissue perfusion are needed to help surgeons identify tissue at risk for @entity63 and @entity39 , thereby allowing for maneuvers to improve tissue flap viability. METHODS: This study evaluates the use of intraoperative laser angiography using the SPY System (LifeCell Corp., Branchburg, NJ) for the assessment of perfusion in mastectomy flaps for immediate breast reconstruction. The SPY System uses the contrast agent @entity3194 , which has an excellent safety profile and pharmacokinetics that allow for repeat evaluations during the same surgical procedure. In recent work, the SPY System has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for detection of tissues at risk for @entity63 and @entity39 during reconstructive surgery. Using a retrospective, chart-review design, the authors compared consecutive cases of immediate breast reconstruction using a prosthesis, before and after implementation of the SPY System. RESULTS: Ninety-one subjects were included in the analysis: 52 prior to SPY (Pre-SPY) and 39 after implementation of SPY (Post-SPY). Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. Both groups had high rates of comorbidities, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The rate of @entity260 was two-fold higher in the Pre-SPY group compared to the Post-SPY group (36.5% vs. 17.9%); this difference was of borderline significance (P   =   0.0631). However, mean number of repeat visits to the OR per @entity1 was significantly higher in the Pre-SPY group (1.21        1.47 vs. 0.41        0.71; P   =   0.0023). Of the seven @entity1 with complications in the Post-SPY group, five were identified by SPY as having poor flap perfusion; none were identified by clinical judgment alone. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the SPY System can contribute to reduced @entity63 -related complications in a population of @entity1 undergoing immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy for @entity0 .

title: Potential of the SPY intraoperative perfusion assessment system to reduce XXXX complications in immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ), @entity358 and respiratory mechanics during exercise, in young healthy @entity1 . We defined @entity3657 as a >10 mmHg decrease in arterial @entity26 tension ( ) during exercise compared to rest. We used a heliox inspirate to test the hypothesis that mechanical constraints contribute to @entity3657 . Subjects with a spectrum of aerobic capacities (n = 30; maximal @entity26 consumption ( ) = 49    1, range 28-62 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) completed a stepwise treadmill test and a subset (n = 18 with @entity3657 ) completed a constant load test (~85% ) with heliox gas. Throughout exercise arterial blood gases, @entity7672 saturation ( ), the work of breathing (WOB) and expiratory flow limitation (EFL) were assessed. Twenty of the 30 @entity1 developed @entity3657 with a nadir and ranging from 58 to 88 mmHg and 87 to 96%, respectively. At maximal exercise, was inversely related to (r = -0.57, P < 0.05) with notable exceptions where some subjects with low aerobic fitness levels demonstrated @entity3657 . Subjects with @entity3657 had a greater (51    1 vs. 43    2 ml kg(-1) min(-1)), lower end-exercise (93.2    0.5 vs. 96.1    0.3%) and a greater maximal energetic WOB (324    19 vs. 247    23 J min(-1)), but had similar resting pulmonary function compared to those without @entity3657 . Most subjects developed @entity3657 at submaximal exercise intensities, with distinct patterns of hypoxaemia. In some subjects with varying aerobic fitness levels, mechanical ventilatory constraints (i.e. EFL) were the primary mechanism associated with the hypoxaemia during the maximal test. Mechanical ventilatory constraints also prevented adequate @entity10441 in most @entity3657 subjects. Minimizing mechanical ventilatory constraints with heliox inspiration partially reversed @entity3657 in subjects who developed EFL. In conclusion, healthy @entity1 of all aerobic fitness levels can develop @entity3657 and begin to do so at submaximal intensities. Mechanical ventilatory constraints are a primary mechanism for @entity3657 in some healthy @entity1 and prevent reversal of hypoxaemia in @entity1 for whom it is not the primary mechanism.

title: Exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia and the mechanics of breathing in healthy young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['EIAH', 'exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary gas exchange']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhaemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory alveolar hyperventilation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Clinical research in antibody-based @entity5 therapy has been driven for many years by the prospect of identifying cell-surface antigens with sufficiently restrictive tissue expression patterns to allow the specific targeting of antibody to @entity5 tissue. Few if any such antibodies capable of targeting rapidly and efficiently to solid @entity5 have been identified. The main reasons for this are based on the inherent pharmacokinetics and physiology of IgG, the immunoglobulin G molecule. Factors that may limit targeting potential include accessibility of @entity5 antigen, and antibody affinity, molecular size, and metabolism. Immunoglobulins have evolved to optimally protect an organism from foreign invaders rather than to act as an efficient carrier molecule for therapeutic reagents. Despite these potential limitations, our growing understanding of the biologic and physiologic principles that underlie targeted therapy has led to the development of a generation of novel reagents and the first "positive" clinical trials. Recent strategies for therapeutic use of antibodies in @entity694 have focused on (I) unmodified mouse IgG; (2) immune globulin as carrier for targeted delivery of radioisotopes; toxins, and therapeutic molecules; (3) genetically engineered antibody constructs redesigned for specific uses; (4) humanized, nonimmunogenic IgG structures; and (5) novel antigen targets in @entity5 . Genetically engineered antibody constructs provide an exciting approach to address and subsequently overcome some of the problems identified for unmodified IgG. These new constructs should increase the dose fraction localized in @entity5 versus normal tissue and thereby improve the delivery capacity. In contrast, strategies such as immune-mediated @entity137 are less dependent on the quantitative difference between the antibody fraction localized in @entity5 and the nonlocalized fraction. Because antibodies, which direct host cytotoxic mechanisms, become activated in the @entity5 only when bound to antigen, one would not expect nonspecific toxic effects from nonlocalized antibody. The hypothesis that antibodies alone can destroy @entity5 tissue solely by directing immune cytotoxic mechanisms is just now being tested in clinical trials evaluating a new generation of humanized antibodies.

title: Antibodies in the therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: In an open, prospective, multicenter, controlled study, 629 female subjects suffering from stress and urgency @entity322 were treated with vaginally administered @entity11111 at a dose of 0.01 g daily for 3 weeks, and 0.01 g bi-weekly for a further 3 weeks. All data of 552 @entity1 were available at follow-up after 6 weeks of treatment. The subjective improvement in symptoms of stress @entity322 (SUI) was 82% for grade 1, 77% for grade 2, and 69% for grade 3. Voluntary urinary control and symptoms of urgency were improved in more than 80% of @entity1 . Frequency was reduced in almost 50%. Compared with conditions at the outset of the study, after 6 weeks, vaginal lubrication is normal in 77%, and intercourse is no longer @entity158 for 88%. Objective parameters were: no change in existing descent of the anterior vaginal wall, and normal cytoscopic findings in 66% of the @entity1 in whom these were previously pathologic. @entity194 improved in approximately 40% of cases. A quality of life score revealed improvement in 72%, no change in 20% and worsening in 9% of @entity1 compared with conditions at the start of therapy. During therapy, symptoms worsened in 1%; 2% of @entity1 suffered from the adverse effects, with @entity809 . Our results confirm the value of topical @entity172 application as a cornerstone of efficient treatment of stress and/or urge @entity322 in the postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: [Vaginal @entity11111 administration in treatment of postmenopausal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal itching and burning sensations']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Vaginal atrophy']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Many @entity1 with @entity3558 -producing @entity788 , characterized by dilatation of the pancreatic duct, are diagnosed by conventional ultrasonography in a mass ultrasonographic survey in Japan. It is a necessary and reliable method for making a precise diagnosis and for deciding on the treatment approach. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is appreciated as a useful method for precise diagnosis of @entity788 . Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) is expected to be a new modality for the more detailed diagnosis of @entity788 . METHODOLOGY: Endoscopic ultrasonography and intraductal ultrasonography were performed in 23 @entity1 with @entity3558 -producing @entity788 . The differences in ultrasonographic findings between benign and @entity5 were studied. RESULTS: Ultrasonographic findings of @entity3558 -producing @entity788 revealed by EUS and IDUS were: @entity5409 , mural nodule in the @entity5409 , wall thickness of the cyst, mucus echoes, and @entity5 with a mixed echo pattern. Seven out of 11 @entity1 with mural nodule were diagnosed as @entity189 and another 4 @entity1 had @entity652 . Seven of 8 @entity1 with mucus echoes were diagnosed as @entity189 . Three of 4 @entity1 with @entity5 were diagnosed as @entity189 . The ultrasonographic findings suggesting malignancy were: mural nodule, irregular wall thickness, mucus echoes, and @entity5 with a mixed pattern. @entity5 indicated @entity189 exclusively. CONCLUSIONS: Intraluminal ultrasonography, EUS and IDUS are very useful in making a differential diagnosis between benign and @entity5 in @entity3558 -producing @entity788 .

title: @entity3558 -producing XXXX of the pancreas--intraluminal ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'solid tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The prognostic information provided by preoperative serum @entity787 , CA 19-9 antigen assays as compared with the classical prognostic factors (age, sex, @entity5 infiltration, @entity5 stage (Dukes') and R-classification) in 495 @entity1 with @entity14 was analysed. @entity1 AND METHODS: Survival function estimates were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier. The @entity1 were separated into two groups according to the preoperative marker levels. Fixing specificity at 100% for healthy @entity1 , cut off levels were calculated. Survival curve differences were assessed using the log-rank-test. Multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis was performed. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to assess the survival rate of @entity1 with @entity14 and high versus low levels of @entity5 -associated antigens according to @entity5 stages. The study was performed on the frozen sera (stored at -80 degrees C) of 495 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity14 . RESULTS: The Dukes' stages (log-rank chi-square = 231.9; P < 0.0001) represent the best prognostic factor besides the preoperative values of CA 19-9 (log-rank chi-square = 162.5). @entity787 shows a log-rank chi-square of 71.4. Thus, @entity787 and CA 19-9 can be used to discriminate two groups of @entity1 with significantly different survival times (P < 0.0001). The importance of different parameters in providing additional prognostic information was evaluated by multivariate analysis (Cox's model). Estimated relative risks of @entity204 adjusted for @entity5 stage were 5.5 for Dukes' stage A versus Dukes' stage B/C and Dukes' stage B/C versus Dukes' stage D, respectively and an increasing relative risk of 27.5 for Dukes' stage A versus Dukes' stage D (P < 0.001). The relative risk for preoperative CA 19-9 serum concentrations (> or = 60 U/mL versus < 60 U/mL) was 2.3 (P < 0.001) for preoperative @entity787 concentrations (> or = 4 ng/mL versus < 4 ng/mL) 1.4 (P < 0.07). For @entity787 the 2-years survival rates in the group of @entity1 with preoperative serum concentrations > or = 4 ng/mL versus < 4 ng/mL and Dukes' stage D were 16% versus 38%, in Dukes' stage B/C 73% versus 91% and in Dukes' stage A 100% versus 98%. For CA 19-9 the 2-years survival rates in the group of @entity1 with preoperative serum concentrations > or = 60 U/mL versus < 60 U/mL and Dukes' stage D were 10% versus 39%, in Dukes' stage B/C 58% versus 87%. In the group of @entity1 with Dukes' stage A with serum levels > or = 60 U/mL a 2-year survival rate of 100% was found. In the corresponding group only one @entity1 exists. CONCLUSION: The postoperative Dukes' classification provides the best prognostic information besides the preoperative values of CA 19-9. The predictive information provided by the preoperative CA 19-9 serum level is additional to that obtained from the other factors investigated.

title: Preoperative serum levels of XXXX and CA 19-9 and their prognostic significance in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate an indwelling retrobulbar catheter for repeatable postoperative retrobulbar injections of local anesthetics for titratable @entity1337 after intraocular surgery. METHODS: The prospective study included all 124 @entity1 (124 eyes) who consecutively underwent retinal or cyclocryocoagulation (n = 22), pars plana vitrectomy, or @entity1713 surgery (n = 102), and who were operated on by the same surgeon with local anesthesia within a period of 12 months. Using commercially available retrobulbar needles with a diameter of 0.60 mm or 0.80 mm and a length of 38 mm, 5 ml of @entity10541 2% with hyaluronidase were injected. Through the same needle, a 28-gauge commercially available flexible catheter was introduced into the retrobulbar space, the needle was withdrawn, and the catheter was fixed in place. When the @entity1 started to feel @entity158 after surgery, 2 ml of @entity10541 2% or 2 ml of @entity1341 0.75% were reinjected through the catheter. The catheter was removed 24 to 72 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Because of increasing @entity158 in the postoperative period, 93 @entity1 (93 of 124, or 75%) received a reinjection 4.2+/-2.0 hours after the preoperative injection. Seventy @entity1 received a second reinjection after an additional 2.7+/-1.9 hours, and 42 @entity1 received a third reinjection 3.1+/-2.0 hours later. After each reinjection, the @entity1 became @entity158 free. Removal of the catheter after surgery was unremarkable. CONCLUSIONS: An indwelling retrobulbar catheter for repeatable postoperative injection of short-acting local anesthetics is useful and effective for titratable postoperative @entity1337 after intraocular surgery, and it allows @entity1 to avoid the side effects of systemic analgesics and sedatives.

title: Postoperative XXXX by reinjections of local anesthetic through an indwelling retrobulbar catheter.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study prognostic factors after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) for @entity1 with stage IV oligometastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with minimal metastatic disease amenable to local therapy enrolled onto a prospective HDC trial were analyzed for potential prognostic factors. Tumor blocks were retrospectively collected from referring institutions. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 62 months (range, 4 to 120 months). Median @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) times were 52 and 80 months, respectively. Five-year @entity4557 and @entity1349 rates were 52% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39% to 64%) and 62% (95% CI, 49% to 74%), respectively. @entity1722 expression, number of @entity5 sites, primary axillary nodal ratio (number of positive nodes divided by number of sampled nodes), number of positive axillary nodes, and delivery or omission of radiotherapy to metastases correlated with @entity4557 . @entity1722 overexpression and more than one site were independent adverse risk factors for @entity4557 . @entity1722 and the axillary nodal ratio were independent predictors of @entity1349 . The following prognostic categories for @entity4557 were established ( @entity4557 rate, median @entity4557 ): good risk, no factors (77%, 80 months); intermediate risk, one factor (41%, 28 months); and poor risk, both factors (10%, 10 months). CONCLUSION: Long-term results in @entity1 with oligometastatic @entity0 are encouraging but need validation in prospective randomized studies. @entity1722 expression, number of sites, and primary nodal ratio are independent outcome predictors. Confirmation of these observations in this selected population would imply the need for reevaluation of the current tenet that early detection of metastatic @entity0 recurrence is of no benefit.

title: Prognostic model for relapse after high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation for stage IV oligometastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']