abstract: BACKGROUND: Pleiotropic effects of statins have been advocated for remodeling of the vascular wall. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether statin therapy influences the growth rate of ascending aorta (AA) diameter. METHODS: A total of 1348 @entity1 was referred to our outpatient clinic for initial AA ectasia from September 2005 to December 2011. A propensity score was built to perfectly match (1:1) @entity1 administered (Group A) or not (Group B) with statin therapy. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was 100% completed at 3years after the first visit. Treatment groups were investigated for differences in AA maximum diameter, furthermore rates of survival free from @entity204 and/or complications were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Finally, two fairly-comparable groups of 329 @entity1 each were obtained (Propensity model c-statistic 0.86, p<0.0001). At baseline, mean AA diameters were 38.88  2.48mm and 39.09  2.60mm in Groups A and B, respectively. At 3-years, similar rates of @entity101 control (86  12% vs. 85  14%) were found, whilst growth rate of AA diameter was +2.84  1.33mm (or +0.95mm/year) in Group A and +3.80  1.69mm (or +1.27mm/year) in Group B (p<0.0001). Three-year survival free from the composite outcome ( @entity204 , dissection/rupture, need for operative repair) was found to be significantly improved in Group A (85.4  2.0%) rather than in Group B (79.7  2.2%), with a log-rank p=0.05 (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, statin treatment is associated with reduced growth rate of ascending aorta @entity439 . The latter resulted in improved survival free from complications for @entity1 receiving statins.

title: Effects of statin therapy on ascending aorta XXXX growth: A propensity-matched analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the diagnostic signs present in slices of @entity1 @entity0 specimens using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging computed tomography (PCI-CT) for the first time and assess the feasibility of this technique for clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethics committee of our university and relevant clinical hospital approved this prospective study, and written informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . PCI-CT of @entity1 @entity0 specimens with synchrotron radiation was performed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). A total of 14 specimens of @entity5 and 8 specimens of @entity652 were enrolled. Based on raw data reconstruction, the diagnostic signs present in the slices were analysed and correlated with histopathology. We proposed a criterion for clinical diagnosis according to the evaluated signs and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) for reference. The criterion was then assessed by clinicians in a double-blind method. Finally, descriptive statistics were evaluated, depending on the assessment results. RESULTS: The 14 @entity189 specimens and 8 @entity652 specimens were diagnosed as @entity5 , respectively. The total coincidence rate was 100%. CONCLUSION: Our study results demonstrate that the X-ray diagnostic signs observed in the specimen slices and the criterion used for clinical diagnosis were accurate and reliable. The criterion based on signs analysis can be used to differentiate early-stage benign or @entity5 . As a promising imaging method, PCI-CT can serve as a possible and feasible supplement to BI-RADS in the future.

title: Signs Analysis and Clinical Assessment: Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography of XXXX @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'malignant and benign tumours', 'early-stage carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Little is known about the network structure of the central pattern generator (CPG) controlling locomotor movements in mammals. The present experiments aim at providing such knowledge by focusing on commissural interneurons (CINs) involved in @entity1002 . During NMDA and 5-HT-initiated locomotor-like activity, we recorded intracellularly from caudally or descending projecting L2 and L3 CINs (dCINs) located in the ventromedial area of the lumbar spinal cord in newborn @entity35 . This region is crucial for rhythmic motor output and @entity1002 . The overall sample of dCINs represented a heterogenous population with neurons that fired in all phases of the locomotor cycle and exhibited varying degrees of rhythmicity, from strongly rhythmic to nonrhythmic. Among the rhythmic, putative CPG dCINs were populations that fired in-phase with the ipsilateral or with the contralateral L2 locomotor-like activity. There was a high degree of organization in the dorsoventral location of rhythmic dCINs, with neurons in-phase with the ipsilateral L2 activity located more ventrally. Spikes of rhythmically active dCINs were superimposed on membrane oscillations that were generated predominantly by synaptic input, with little direct contribution from the intrinsic pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated inward current. For both ipsilaterally and contralaterally firing dCINs the dominant synaptic drive was in-phase with the ipsilateral L2 motor activity. This study provides the first characterization of putative CPG interneurons in the @entity1 spinal cord. Our results suggest an anatomical and physiological separation of CPG commissural interneurons in the ventral horn and demonstrate that it is possible to target specific interneuron subpopulations in the @entity1 locomotor network.

title: Firing properties of identified interneuron populations in the XXXX hindlimb central pattern generator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left-right coordination']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: The INCOMIN study (INdependent COMparison of INterferons) lends further support to the growing body of evidence that both dose and frequency of interferon beta (IFNbeta) administration are important in the treatment of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). High-dose, high-frequency IFNbeta (IFNbeta-1b 250 microg eod sc and IFNbeta-1a 44 microg sc) treatment offers greater therapeutic benefit, in terms of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcome measures, compared with low-dose, once-weekly administration of IFNbeta. The importance of maintaining the most effective treatment regimen has been shown in another study. The data from this study suggested that @entity1 who have 'stable' disease (i. e. no evidence of clinical or MRI disease activity) during long-term treatment with IFNbeta-1b 250 microg, who are subsequently treated with low-dose, once-weekly IFNbeta-1a 30 microg, are more likely to experience relapses, disease progression or MRI activity compared with those remaining on IFNbeta-1b 250 microg. These data clearly indicate that frequently administered therapy must be maintained to achieve the optimal therapeutic benefit for @entity1 . Those @entity1 who had their IFNbeta-1b 250 microg therapy reduced to low-dose, once-weekly IFNbeta-1a and experienced a resumption of disease activity were returned to their previous regimen. However, after 1 year of additional follow-up, many of these @entity1 still had clinical or MRI signs of disease activity, highlighting further the risks associated with the reduction of IFNbeta dose and frequency of administration. Taking into consideration the evidence supporting the greater efficacy of IFNbeta-1b 250 microg or IFNbeta-1a 44 microg in @entity15 it is of considerable interest to examine whether it is useful to increase the dose of IFNbeta-1b in @entity1 who do not respond satisfactorily to the approved standard dose. This is the rationale for the recently completed OPTIMS (OPTimization of Interferon for @entity15 ) study, in which partially responding @entity1 were randomised to IFNbeta-1b 250 or 375 microg every other day. An interim safety analysis of OPTIMS @entity1 has not raised any safety or tolerability concerns. In summary, there is consistent evidence to support the importance of maintaining frequently administered IFNbeta (IFNbeta-1b 250 microg or IFNbeta-1a 44 microg) for the treatment of @entity15 .

title: The importance of maintaining effective therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Temperament is an important factor in affective illness. There is some indication that mixed episodes result from an admixture of inverse temperamental factors (e.g. @entity308 and/or anxious) to a @entity162 . To test this hypothesis, which has been first formulated by Akiskal [Clin. Neuropharmacol. 15 (Suppl. 1A) (1992) 632-633], we compared the temperament of non-acute bipolar affective @entity1 with and without the history of a previous mixed episode. METHODS: @entity1 who had been hospitalized for a @entity162 were re-assessed at least 6 months after their last in- @entity1 treatment. Those who met the criteria for a partially remitted or full affective or @entity716 episode at re-assessment were excluded from the study. Data concerning illness history, current psychopathology ( @entity915 -I interview), @entity308 (BDI), @entity162 (Self-Report Manic Inventory) and temperament ( @entity63255 -A scale) were obtained. @entity1 with and without a history of previous mixed episodes were compared. RESULTS: Of 49 eligible former @entity1 , 22 subjects with and 23 subjects without a former mixed episode in @entity162 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Subjects suffering from @entity162 exhibited significantly more @entity308 and anxious and less hyperthymic temperament, if they had experienced a mixed episode previously. Concerning cyclothymic and irritable temperament, bipolar affective @entity1 with a former mixed episode presented non-significantly higher scores. @entity1 with a former mixed episode presented with higher @entity308 scores than @entity1 without such a history. No group differences were found concerning current @entity162 scores. LIMITATIONS: (1). This is a preliminary report from an ongoing study. (2). Temperament had not been assessed premorbidly. (3). Although group comparisons revealed significant differences, these did not seem great enough to fully explain the emergence of a mixed episode. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the study's hypothesis that mixed episodes occur more often in subjects with an inverse temperament (e.g. @entity308 and anxious), although it cannot be ruled out that subsyndromal features of the @entity162 had an effect on temperament assessment.

title: @entity63255 -a scale in 'mixed' and 'pure' XXXX episodes: new data and methodological considerations on the relevance of joint @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'manic syndrome', 'bipolar affective disorder', 'mania', 'bipolar illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['manic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12534 ( @entity12534 ) is a systemic @entity1333 that occurs in the setting of @entity565 or @entity2023 with @entity1712 . The development of systemic manifestations in these @entity56 @entity1 needs to be recognized as a likely sign of @entity12534 . OBJECTIVE: To describe a @entity1 with limb @entity809 and abdominal complaints related to @entity12534 . METHODS: Blood leukocyte count, nerve conduction study, ultrasound and computed tomography of the abdomen, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and ileum resection, and histopathologic examination of ileum and gallbladder samples. RESULTS: A 55-year-old @entity1 with chronic @entity565 and rhinosinusitis had acute @entity7140 after he experienced @entity6250 subsequently recognized as being due to @entity4216 multiplex. His eosinophil count was 1,860/microL. Three days after laparoscopic cholecystectomy the @entity1 developed sudden severe diffuse @entity490 with @entity551 due to perforation of the ileum. The peripheral eosinophil count increased to 14,000/microL. Ileal resection was performed. Histopathologic examination showed @entity1333 with @entity1712 of the ileum and @entity1333 with @entity1085 . He was treated with pulse intravenous @entity1667 , 1 g for 3 consecutive days, followed by pulse intravenous @entity786 , 750 mg/m(2), and recovered uneventfully. He received 6 additional monthly infusions of @entity786 , and oral @entity229 was tapered. When last seen, 2 years later, the @entity1 was in good clinical condition, continuing alternate-day use of oral @entity229 (10 mg). CONCLUSIONS: Nonrespiratory symptoms, such as @entity809 and @entity7140 , in a @entity1 with @entity565 should alert the physician to consider @entity12534 . If the neuropathic complaints had prompted the consideration of @entity1333 , medical management might have avoided one or both surgical procedures.

title: Warning nonrespiratory symptoms in @entity565 : catastrophic abdominal involvement in a case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'eosinophilic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic infiltration of the gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis', 'vasculitis', 'granulomatous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['CSS', 'Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity12534 :: (MESH:D015267,Disease) :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a therapeutic @entity1082 )16 DNA vaccine administered to @entity1 with @entity1799 +cervical @entity5436 (CIN)2/3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This phase I trial incorporated the standard '3+3'' dose-escalation design with an additional 6 @entity1 allocated to the maximally tolerated dose. Healthy adult @entity1 with colposcopically directed, biopsy-proven @entity1799 + CIN2/3 received 3 i.m. vaccinations (0.5, 1, or 3 mg) of a plasmid expressing a Sig-E7(detox)-heat shock protein 70 fusion protein on days 0, 28, and 56, and underwent standard therapeutic resection of the cervical squamocolumnar junction at day 105 (week 15). The safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine and histologic outcome based on resection at week 15 were assessed. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were evaluable (3 each at 0.5 and 1mg, 9 at 3 mg). The vaccine was well tolerated: most adverse events were mild, transient injection-site discomfort; no dose-limiting @entity137 were observed. Although HPVE7-specific T-cell responses to E7 detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assays ( @entity379 ) were of low frequency and magnitude, detectable increases in response subsequent to vaccination were identified in subjects in the second and third cohorts. Complete histologic regression occurred in 3 of 9 (33%; 7-70% confidence interval) individuals in the highest-dose cohort. Although the difference is not significant, it is slightly higher than would be expected in an unvaccinated cohort (25%). CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1799 DNA vaccine was safe and well tolerated. Whereas it seems possible to elicit HPV-specific T-cell responses in @entity1 with established @entity75 , other factors are likely to play a role in lesion regression.

title: A phase I trial of a @entity1082 DNA vaccine for @entity1799 + cervical XXXX 2/3.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment for @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 is surgical resection. However, fewer than 10% of these @entity1 will be amenable to this surgery. The aim of this study is to ascertain the natural history of a group of untreated @entity1 , and to evaluate simultaneously in another group whether or not the administration of systemic chemotherapy modifies this natural history. METHODS: From January 1986 to September 1996, 77 @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 biopsy proven or documented by means of a CT scan or a liver ultrasound were retrospectively analyzed. The group was divided according to treatment as follows: Group A, untreated @entity1 , and Group B, those @entity1 who received chemotherapy (5-FU 450 mg/m2/days 1-5 of the first week and thereafter weekly) + @entity4181 20 mg/m2 on the same days as @entity1487 . The end points were patterns of recurrence and survival evaluated by means of the Mann-Whitney test and the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: There were 41 females and 36 males in the study. Their median age was 59 years (range, 30-80). The primary @entity5 was located in the rectum in 44, in the sigmoid, 20, cecum, 9, descending colon, 2, hepatic flexure, 1, and transverse colon, 1. Forty-nine @entity1 had metachronous and 28 had synchronous liver metastases. In group A, which was made up of 45 @entity1 , 41 developed extrahepatic @entity3 , and their median survival rate was 13 months (range, 3-57). In group B, including 32 @entity1 , 29 developed extrahepatic @entity3 , and their median survival rate was 15 months (range, 4-60). There were no differences in overall survival in both groups (p = 1.00). All @entity1 in both groups died of the @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The natural history of @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 is towards progressive hepatic and extrahepatic @entity3 . The administration of systemic chemotherapy did not modify the natural course of the disease.

title: The natural history of liver metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversies persist regarding risks associated with pregnancy and delivery in @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). To date, pregnancy outcome data for these @entity1 is scarce. We report the experience of pregnancies with @entity1121 in a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data regarding @entity299 and obstetric profile of all @entity1 attending the cardio-obstetrics clinic from January 1990 to December 2012 were studied. The records of @entity299 of all @entity1 were checked and all @entity1 with @entity1121 were included in the study. RESULTS: Out of total 2016 @entity1 booked in the cardio-obstetrics clinic between 1990 and 2012, only 4 @entity1 were found to have a diagnosis of @entity1121 (0.2%). Of these, 2 @entity1 with @entity3585 and one with non-obstructive @entity1121 had only mild symptoms and tolerated pregnancy and labour well. One @entity1 had @entity1121 with restrictive physiology developed @entity712 and intra-uterine @entity5617 . CONCLUSION: @entity1121 is underdiagnosed and rarely identified in pregnancy. Most @entity1 with @entity1121 tolerated pregnancy well, howeverone @entity1 with restrictive physiology developed @entity712 during her first pregnancy.

title: Are we missing XXXX in pregnancy? Experience of a tertiary care hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac illness']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: A multi-center clinical study was carried out at the first Department of Surgery, Okayama University Medical School and its affiliated institutions to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of intramuscular @entity2892 / @entity9234 (IPM/CS) in @entity281 , which were mainly biliary tract @entity281 and @entity298 . The following results were obtained: 1. The efficacy rate was 72.0% in a total of 25 evaluable @entity1 and 81.8% in @entity1 with @entity2679 . 2. The efficacy rates in @entity1 with and without underlying diseases were 70.0% and 73.3%, respectively, and they were 71.4% in @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity281 and 75.0% in @entity1 with severe @entity281 . 3. Bacteriologically, the eradication rate was 100% for Gram-positive bacteria and 62.5% for Gram-negative bacteria, with an overall eradication rate of 78.6%. The eradication rate for monomicrobial @entity281 was 71.4% and that for @entity325 was 100%. 4. Out of 25 @entity1 , one developed @entity294 as a drug-related adverse reaction, and @entity854 attributable to the treatment were observed in 5 @entity1 . None of them was serious, however. 5. The overall usefulness rate was 60.0%, and the usefulness for @entity2679 (72.7%) was superior to that for @entity255 (33.3%).

title: [Clinical evaluation of intramuscular @entity2892 / @entity9234 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin sodium']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infections']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retinal venular dilatation is associated with systemic @entity32 . The hypothesis for the current study was that larger retinal venular diameters are related to the His allele of the @entity9346 polymorphism in the @entity4050 ( @entity4050 ) gene, a major inhibitor of the complement pathway. Possible effect modification by smoking and inflammatory markers was examined. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed within the Rotterdam Study, a population-based study among elderly @entity1 aged 55 years and older. The @entity9346 polymorphism of the @entity4050 gene was genotyped in 5066 @entity1 and retinal arteriolar and venular diameters were graded on digitized fundus transparencies. RESULTS: Genotype frequencies were 41% in TyrTyr, 45% in TyrHis, and 14% in HisHis carriers. The His(402) allele was associated with smaller rather than larger venular diameters (age- and sex-adjusted means and standard errors [in micrometers] were 222.5 +/- 0.45 for TyrTyr, 221.9 +/- 0.43 for TyrHis, and 220.6 +/- 0.78 for HisHis carriers; P-trend = 0.03). This association was apparent only in never-smokers and was not modified by the inflammatory markers erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocyte count, @entity1851 , or @entity2002 . Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors did not change results. No associations were found with arteriolar diameters. CONCLUSIONS: The findings do not support the hypothesis that the His(402) allele is related to larger retinal venular diameters. The association with smaller retinal venular diameters most likely is a chance finding, because it was present only among never-smokers and was not modified by inflammatory mediators of complement. These results suggest that the @entity9346 variant is not related to retinal venular diameters.

title: XXXX polymorphism, inflammatory mediators, and retinal vessel diameters: the rotterdam study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9346 :: ('p|SUB|Y|402|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Tyr402His']

entities_list: @entity4050 :: ('3075', 'Gene') :: ['complement factor H', 'CFH']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity4050 :: (3075,Gene) :: ['Complement factor h']


abstract: Only seldom have food additives been shown to cause true allergic (immunological) reactions. Adverse effects due to various pharmacological or other mechanisms are much more common. The individual tolerance may be decreased for one reason or another, and may fluctuate from time to time. Many @entity1 suffering from food additive reactions have atopic constitutions and such clinical symptoms as @entity1909 , @entity2490 and @entity565 . The most important skin symptoms caused by food additives are @entity110 , @entity113 , and contact @entity110 . Azo dyes, @entity13266 and several other common food additives may aggravate or, more rarely, even cause @entity110 . Spices are one of the most common causes of immunological contact @entity110 . Non-immunological contact @entity110 is produced by numerous spices, @entity13266 , @entity33251 , @entity27469 , and many essential oils. @entity565 and @entity2490 are the main @entity56 in the respiratory tract, and @entity24740 dyes, @entity13266 , and sulfitic food additives are the most common causative agents. Systemic and respiratory reactions to food colorants and benzoates have been claimed to occur more frequently in @entity117 - ( @entity1281 -)sensitive @entity1 than in non-reactors. @entity56 in organs other than the skin and respiratory tract are rare or poorly documented. Psychological factors play an essential role in both food and food additive reactions.

title: XXXX to food additives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13266 :: ('MESH:D019817', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity33251 :: ('MESH:D013011', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity symptoms', 'Hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioneurotic edema']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['flexural dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity27469 :: ('MESH:C029010', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnamic acid']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity reactions']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study at a single institution. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of preoperative @entity308 on @entity262 ( @entity262 ) survey scores in a lumbar fusion population. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity262 surveys are used to assess the quality of the @entity1 experience, and directly influences reimbursement for hospital systems and spine surgeons nationwide. Untreated @entity308 has been linked to worse functional outcomes in spine surgery. However, we aimed to elucidate if @entity262 survey responses were different in @entity308 @entity1 . METHODS: Prospectively collected functional outcome data including @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), @entity158 Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) were analyzed preoperatively. Preoperative PHQ-9 scores of greater than or equal to 10 (moderate to severe @entity308 ) defined our @entity308 cohort of @entity1 . @entity262 responses were obtained for each individual, allowing for real-world analysis of outcomes in this population. RESULTS: In our 237 @entity1 cohort, @entity308 @entity1 were younger, female, were on full disability, and had lower scores on EQ-5D and PDQ preoperatively. 73.2% of @entity308 @entity1 felt doctors treated them with respect, compared to 88.8% of @entity1 without @entity308 (p=0.005). Also, @entity308 @entity1 felt nurses treated them with less respect (p=0.014) and that physicians did not listen to them as carefully (p=0.029). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that @entity1 with preoperative @entity308 had higher odds of @entity1 feeling less respected by both physicians and nurses. Multivariate analysis also revealed that @entity308 was an independent predictor of lower @entity1 satisfaction with nursing response to their needs. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing lumbar fusion, preoperative @entity308 was shown to have negative impact on @entity1 experience measured by the @entity262 survey. These results suggest that @entity308 may be a modifiable risk factor for poor hospital experience. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: The Impact of Preoperative @entity308 on @entity262 ( XXXX ) Survey Results in a Lumbar Fusion Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems', 'HCAHPS']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['HCAHPS']


abstract: The insulin-like growth factors, @entity442 and @entity5100 are a family of mitogenic polypeptides with important roles in growth and differentiation. The biological actions of the IGFs are mediated by the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ), a cell-surface @entity669 kinase, whose activation by serum @entity442 seems to be a key step in @entity0 initiation. Evidence accumulated indicates that @entity172 stimulate the expression and activity of IGF axis components. The aim of our study was to examine the transcriptional mechanisms involved in regulation of @entity2856 gene expression by the @entity172 receptor (ER). For this purpose, transient transfections using an @entity2856 promoter-luciferase reporter plasmid were performed in @entity0 -c derived ER-positive MCF-7 cells and isogenic ER-negative C4 cells. To examine the potential involvement of @entity219 -finger nuclear proteins in the transactivating effect of @entity172 , chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments were performed using an @entity3419 antibody, along with the @entity3419 -family-binding inhibitor @entity29355 . The results obtained indicate that basal @entity2856 promoter activity was 5.8-fold higher in MCF-7 than in C4 cells. @entity53 treatment significantly activated the @entity2856 promoter in MCF-7, but not in C4 cells. Furthermore, the @entity172 responsive region in the @entity2856 promoter was mapped to a GC-rich sequence located between @entity2036 -40 and -188 in the 5' flanking region. ChIP experiments revealed that at least part of the @entity172 effect on @entity2856 expression was mediated through activation of the @entity3419 transcription factor. In summary, our studies demonstrate that @entity2856 gene transcription in @entity0 cells is controlled by interactions between @entity1782 and @entity3419 . Dysregulated expression of the @entity2856 gene may have pathologic consequences with relevance in @entity0 etiology.

title: XXXX receptor regulates insulin-like growth factor-I receptor gene expression in @entity0 cells: involvement of transcription factor @entity3419 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity29355 :: ('MESH:C066851', 'Chemical') :: ['Mithramycin A']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the national incidence of @entity164 1 @entity6 in @entity1 aged 0-14 years and examine trends in incidence between 2000 and 2006 by age, sex and calendar year. METHODS: Case ascertainment was from the Australian National @entity6 Register, a prospective population-based incidence register established in 1999, with two sources of ascertainment: the National @entity6 Services Scheme and the Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group's state-based registers. Denominator data were from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. RESULTS: There were 6350 new cases of @entity164 1 @entity6 (3323 @entity1 and 3027 @entity1 ). Case ascertainment was 97.1% complete using the capture-recapture method. The mean adjusted incidence rate for 2000-2006 was 21.6 per 100,000 @entity1 -years [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.0, 22.1], and increased from 19.8 in 2000 to 23.4 per 100,000 in 2006, an average increase of 2.8% (95% CI 1.5, 4.1) per year. Mean incidence for the 7-year period increased with age, and was significantly higher in @entity1 aged 0-4 years and 10-14 years than in @entity1 of the same age. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity164 1 @entity6 among 0-14-year-olds in Australia is very high compared with available data from many other countries. The rate of increase observed globally in the last decade has continued well into this decade in Australia. The rising incidence cannot be explained by changes in genetic susceptibility; there is an urgent need to examine the environmental factors that have contributed to this increase. The findings of this study also have important implications for resource planning.

title: Australia's national trends in the incidence of @entity164 1 XXXX in 0-14-year-olds, 2000-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'person', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To better understand the effects of Double J (JJ) stenting on ureteral physiology and function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, twenty-four @entity1707 (24) were stented cystoscopically unilaterally for 48h, 1, 2, 4 and 7 wks. Controls consisted of un-stented animals (n=4) or the contralateral un-stented ureter in @entity1707 . Ureters were harvested and tested in tissue baths to evaluate their contractility. @entity32 and expression of @entity66150 ( @entity66150 ) and the transcriptional activator @entity66151 (the downstream target of active HH signaling) were assessed histologically and by immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS: Indwelling ureteral stents were found to abolish normal ureteral function in all animals. Specifically, ureteral smooth muscle activity was significantly diminished within 48h after stenting and persisted at the 1wk time point. Furthermore, ureteral smooth muscle dysfunction was associated with increasing @entity384 due to the indwelling stent. Simultaneously, we observed a loss of @entity66151 expression in SM cells with a concomitant increase in @entity32 . Expression of @entity66150 was restricted to the urothelium and was not different between controls, stented or contralateral ureters. CONCLUSIONS: Stent-induced aperistalsis was associated with diminished SM contractility, @entity32 and reduced @entity66151 expression in ureteral SM cells, independent of @entity66150 expression. The present study is the first to show that indwelling stents negatively affect ureteral smooth muscle activity and identify a role for specific molecular mechanisms involved.

title: A Role for the Hedgehog Effector XXXX in Mediating Stent-Induced Ureteral Smooth Muscle Dysfunction and Aperistalsis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increased tissue inflammation', 'Ureteral inflammation', 'ureteral inflammation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral dilation']

answer: @entity66151 :: (100520490,Gene) :: ['Gli1']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report on endoscopic treatment outcomes for upper tract @entity189 and identify predictive factors for success. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 61 renal units were referred for endoscopic treatment of an upper tract @entity5 , 69% of which did not have a traditional indication for nephron sparing approaches. @entity5 pathology and operative findings were assessed retrospectively for treatment outcomes and influential factors. RESULTS: Initial ureteroscopic inspection was undertaken in 53 renal units with resection attempted in 18 (34%) resulting in an 89% success rate with 16 treated. A percutaneous approach in 19 renal units (11 after ureteroscopy) was 100% successful in achieving @entity5 -free status, for a total of 35 renal units successfully treated endoscopically. Surveillance then began on 27 renal units with a recurrence rate of 88% and mean time to recurrence of 5.8 months (range 2 to 20). Of @entity1 undergoing surveillance (31% of whom had high grade disease), 54% remain or have died of unrelated disease, during a mean followup of 21.0 months (range 3 to 48). Higher @entity5 grade, larger size, renal pelvis location (all p <0.01) and multifocality (p = 0.05) significantly correlated with decreased recurrence-free survival, but did not predict failure of local control by endoscopic surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Although endoscopic techniques can render most @entity1 @entity5 -free, there is a high associated recurrence rate and many need repeat procedures. Recurrence-free survival is greater in @entity1 with low grade, solitary or less bulky disease. However, @entity5084 after endoscopic resection can lead to success even in @entity1 with high grade, multifocal or large @entity66 , resulting in preservation of renal units.

title: Predictive factors for applicability and success with endoscopic treatment of upper tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['volume disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5084 :: ('MESH:D012298', 'Disease') :: ['rigorous surveillance']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: Background.    @entity3 remains an aggressive, albeit infrequent @entity281 in immunocompromised @entity1 . Methods.    We identified all cases of @entity3 between January 2002 and December 2014. We recorded @entity1 characteristics including clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes at 6 and 12 weeks after diagnosis, as well as species identification and antifungal drug susceptibilities. Results.    Fifteen @entity1 were diagnosed with proven (12, 80%) or probable (3, 20%) @entity22214 . Median age was 60 years (range, 26-78), and 10 @entity1 were male. Underlying conditions included @entity1583 (13, 87%), @entity4932 (1, 7%), and third-degree burns (1, 7%). Five @entity1 underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation before diagnosis. Six @entity1 (40%) received systemic glucocorticoids, and 11 @entity1 (73%) had prolonged @entity1398 at the time of diagnosis. Clinical presentations included the following: skin/soft tissue @entity281 (8, 53%), @entity1398 (4, 27%), @entity1729 (2, 13%), and @entity5414 (1, 7%). Twelve @entity1 were treated with @entity5074 : 6 (40%) with @entity5074 alone, 4 (27%) with @entity5074 and @entity8974 , and 2 (13%) with @entity5074 , @entity8974 , and @entity2379 . One @entity1 (7%) was treated with @entity8974 alone, and another with @entity1331 alone. Four @entity1 underwent surgical debridement (4, 27%). Susceptibility testing was performed on 9 isolates; 8 demonstrated @entity5074 minimum inhibitory concentrations >= 4   g/mL. The cumulative probability of survival was 66.7% and 53.3% at 6 and 12 weeks after diagnosis. Conclusions.    Mortality associated with @entity3 remains high. Cumulative mortality at our center was lower than previous reports despite elevated @entity5074 minimum inhibitory concentrations. Combination therapy should be studied systematically for @entity22214 .

title: XXXX in the @entity5074 Era: Single-Center 13-Year Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive fusariosis', 'Invasive fusariosis']

entities_list: @entity22214 :: ('MESH:D060585', 'Disease') :: ['fusariosis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Invasive Fusariosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity626 ( @entity571 ) is a mechanically driven disease, and it is suggested that medial tibiofemoral knee-joint load increases with pharmacologic @entity158 relief, indicating that pharmacologic @entity158 relief may be positively associated with disease progression. Treatment modalities that can both relieve @entity158 and reduce knee-joint load would be preferable. The knee-joint load is influenced by functional alignment of the trunk, pelvis, and lower-limb segments with respect to the knee, as well as the ground-reaction force generated during movement. Neuromuscular exercise can influence knee load and decrease knee @entity158 . It includes exercises to improve balance, muscle activation, functional alignment, and functional knee stability. The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to investigate the efficacy of a NEuroMuscular EXercise (NEMEX) therapy program, compared with optimized analgesics and antiinflammatory drug use, on the measures of knee-joint load in @entity1 with mild to moderate medial tibiofemoral @entity626 . METHOD/DESIGN: One hundred @entity1 and @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity626 will be recruited from general medical practices and randomly allocated (1:1) to one of two 8-week treatments, either (a) NEMEX therapy twice a week or (b) information on the recommended use of analgesics and antiinflammatory drugs ( @entity1443 and oral NSAIDs) via a pamphlet and video materials. The primary outcome is change in knee load during walking (the Knee Index, a composite score of the first external peak total reaction moment on the knee joint from all three planes based on 3D movement analysis) after 8 weeks of intervention. Secondary outcomes include changes in the external peak knee-adduction moment and impulse and functional performance measures, in addition to changes in self-reported @entity158 , function, health status, and quality of life. DISCUSSION: These findings will help determine whether 8 weeks of neuromuscular exercise is superior to optimized use of analgesics and antiinflammatory drugs regarding knee-joint load, @entity158 and physical function in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity626 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01638962 (July 3, 2012).

title: The effect on knee-joint load of instruction in analgesic use compared with neuromuscular exercise in @entity1 with XXXX : study protocol for a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial (the EXERPHARMA trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis', 'knee osteoarthritis', 'medial knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: Objective @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is associated with a high prevalence of @entity74 . Coping, which is used to manage stressful events, can have adaptive or maladaptive effects on a @entity1 's health status. However, these coping behaviors have not been well studied in individuals with @entity1744 . The association between the use of coping behaviors and the reported levels of @entity308 was examined in individuals with @entity1744 . Methods Among 993 volunteers (382 @entity1 and 611 @entity1 ) who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2013, we included 58 subjects who fulfilled the Rome III criteria for @entity1744 in our analysis. Coping behaviors were assessed using the Brief Scale for Coping Profile (BSCP). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess the four dimensions of @entity308 ( @entity308 affect, somatic symptoms, interpersonal problems, and lack of positive affect) and the prevalence of probable @entity308 using a cut-off score of 16. Results Among the 58 subjects with @entity1744 , 22 (36.1%) exhibited probable @entity308 . After adjustment for confounders, "active solution" was found to be significantly associated with somatic symptoms. Under the same conditions, "avoidance and suppression" was significantly associated with the CES-D total score, @entity308 affect, somatic symptoms, and (lack of) positive affect. There were no other significant relationships between @entity308 and the BSCP sub-scale scores. Conclusion These findings indicate that coping behaviors may influence the experience of @entity308 among individuals with @entity1744 . Psychological therapy may reduce @entity308 as well as the severity of @entity1744 symptoms. Additional studies are needed to examine the relationships between coping behaviors and @entity308 using a longitudinal study design.

title: Depressive Symptoms and Coping Behaviors among Individuals with XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Irritable Bowel Syndrome']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity189 is often difficult and the optimal treatment methods remain controversial. The current study retrospectively investigated the optimal diagnosis and treatment methods of 12 @entity189 @entity1 at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (Chengdu, China), and 20 @entity1 selected from the PubMed database, were reviewed. The clinical features, diagnosis and outcome of the different treatments were evaluated. @entity189 occurred in 12 out of a total of 538 @entity1567 @entity1 ; the majority were of the primary type. Of the 538 @entity1567 @entity1 , 294 were male, 244 were female with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The predilection age is 20-30 years, which accounts for 40% of the total. In total, 461 cases were in the mandible and 77 were located in the maxilla. The cure rate of the primary type and the recurrence rate of the @entity5 were higher in the @entity1 from the West China Hospital of Stomatology compared with those reported in the literature. In particular, a case with a long-term survival of 30 years is presented, which is considered to be relatively rare. The evolution of the clinical course has experienced three stages: @entity1567 (1978) followed by metastatic @entity1567 (2000) and finally @entity189 (2008). To avoid recurrence, wide local excision with postoperative radiation therapy is required. While novel therapeutic regimens should also be considered as appropriate, including @entity505 ion therapy and Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery. However, controlled studies with larger groups of @entity1 are required to increase the accuracy of results.

title: XXXX : An analysis of 12 cases with a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma', 'Ameloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['secondary type tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Ameloblastic carcinoma', 'ameloblastic carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Ameloblastic carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) is usually expressed in cell lines derived from @entity242 . It is known as a mitogen for fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were any differences in the expression pattern of @entity7790 between normal oral mucosa and @entity81 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fourteen pathologic specimens (6 males and 8 females; 37.2 +/- 23.2 years) and 10 normal oral mucosal specimens (5 females and 5 males; 43.8 +/- 17.7 years) were used for this study. Identification of @entity7790 was sought by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The samples from normal oral mucosa did not express @entity7790 . One sample from @entity81 did not express @entity7790 (7.1%). Five samples from @entity81 expressed @entity7790 sparsely (35.7%). Eight samples showed diffuse expression of @entity7790 (57.1%). The immunopositive reaction to @entity7790 in @entity81 was localized in the basal layer and the fibroblasts that resided beneath the epithelium. This pattern was also shown in the in situ hybridization study as well. CONCLUSION: @entity7790 is expressed in oral @entity81 . It suggested that @entity7790 might play a role in fibroblast proliferation in oral @entity81 .

title: XXXX and @entity81 : Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromas', 'oral fibroma']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['Transforming growth factor-alpha']


abstract: Background.    @entity3 remains an aggressive, albeit infrequent @entity281 in immunocompromised @entity1 . Methods.    We identified all cases of @entity3 between January 2002 and December 2014. We recorded @entity1 characteristics including clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes at 6 and 12 weeks after diagnosis, as well as species identification and antifungal drug susceptibilities. Results.    Fifteen @entity1 were diagnosed with proven (12, 80%) or probable (3, 20%) @entity22214 . Median age was 60 years (range, 26-78), and 10 @entity1 were male. Underlying conditions included @entity1583 (13, 87%), @entity4932 (1, 7%), and third-degree burns (1, 7%). Five @entity1 underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation before diagnosis. Six @entity1 (40%) received systemic glucocorticoids, and 11 @entity1 (73%) had prolonged @entity1398 at the time of diagnosis. Clinical presentations included the following: skin/soft tissue @entity281 (8, 53%), @entity1398 (4, 27%), @entity1729 (2, 13%), and @entity5414 (1, 7%). Twelve @entity1 were treated with @entity5074 : 6 (40%) with @entity5074 alone, 4 (27%) with @entity5074 and @entity8974 , and 2 (13%) with @entity5074 , @entity8974 , and @entity2379 . One @entity1 (7%) was treated with @entity8974 alone, and another with @entity1331 alone. Four @entity1 underwent surgical debridement (4, 27%). Susceptibility testing was performed on 9 isolates; 8 demonstrated @entity5074 minimum inhibitory concentrations >= 4   g/mL. The cumulative probability of survival was 66.7% and 53.3% at 6 and 12 weeks after diagnosis. Conclusions.    Mortality associated with @entity3 remains high. Cumulative mortality at our center was lower than previous reports despite elevated @entity5074 minimum inhibitory concentrations. Combination therapy should be studied systematically for @entity22214 .

title: @entity3 in the XXXX Era: Single-Center 13-Year Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive fusariosis', 'Invasive fusariosis']

entities_list: @entity22214 :: ('MESH:D060585', 'Disease') :: ['fusariosis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity5074 :: (MESH:C102790,Chemical) :: ['Voriconazole']


abstract: In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, we compared the incidence of @entity391 and 48-h recovery profiles after a single dose of preoperative ondansetron versus @entity29085 in @entity619 -pretreated @entity1 undergoing ambulatory tonsillectomy. One-hundred-forty-nine @entity1 , 2-12 yr old, ASA physical status I and II, completed the study. All @entity1 received standardized perioperative care, including premedication, surgical and anesthetic techniques, IV fluids, analgesics, and rescue antiemetic medications. @entity1 were randomized to receive ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg, maximum 4 mg (Group 1); @entity29085 0.5 mg/kg, maximum 25 mg (Group 2); or saline placebo (Group 3) IV before the initiation of surgery. In addition, all @entity1 received @entity619 1 mg/kg (maximum 25 mg). Rescue antiemetics were administered for two or more episodes of @entity391 . The incidence of @entity391 before home discharge did not differ between the ondansetron and @entity29085 groups and was significantly less frequent compared with the placebo group (10%, Group 1; 8%, Group 2; 30%, Group 3). Similar results were obtained at 24-48 h after discharge (6%, Groups 1 and 2; 18%, Group 3). The need for rescue antiemetics administered after the second @entity391 was significantly less in Groups 1 (4%) and 2 (6%) compared with Group 3 (22%) before home discharge. The complete response rate, defined as no @entity391 and no antiemetic for 48 h, was significantly increased in Groups 1 (76%) and 2 (74%) compared with Group 3 (44%). The antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron and @entity29085 was comparable in @entity619 -pretreated @entity1 undergoing ambulatory tonsillectomy. IMPLICATIONS: The efficacy of a single dose of prophylactic ondansetron versus @entity29085 in conjunction with @entity619 was studied on @entity391 and 48-h recovery in @entity1 2-12 yr old. Compared with placebo, ondansetron and @entity29085 produced comparable reductions in the incidence of @entity391 and the need for rescue antiemetics.

title: Ondansetron and XXXX provide equivalent postoperative vomiting control after ambulatory tonsillectomy in @entity619 -pretreated @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['retching/vomiting', 'retching/vomiting episode', 'posttonsillectomy retching/vomiting', 'emesis']

entities_list: @entity29085 :: ('MESH:C060344', 'Chemical') :: ['dolasetron']

answer: @entity29085 :: (MESH:C060344,Chemical) :: ['dolasetron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a scoring system that guides surgical decision-making regarding the need to perform lymphadenectomy. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of @entity1 who underwent complete surgical staging of @entity1204 between 2003 and 2014 at three centers in Brazil. Preoperative and intraoperative risk factors were used to develop a scoring system to predict lymph node @entity3 . RESULTS: Among 329 @entity1 included, 71 (21.6%) had positive lymph nodes and 259 (78.4%) had negative lymph nodes. The characteristics associated with nodal @entity3 in univariate analysis included the level of cancer antigen 125 (P<0.001), preoperative histological grade (P<0.001), endometrial thickness (P=0.012), and pathologic features including @entity5 size (P<0.001), @entity5 extension (P<0.001), and lower uterine segment involvement (P<0.001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, @entity5 grade, @entity5 extension, and lower uterine segment involvement remained significantly associated. The resulting scoring system showed good accuracy as demonstrated by an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.858 (95% confidence interval 0.804-0.913). CONCLUSION: A highly accurate scoring system for the prediction of lymph node @entity3 was developed on the basis of three preoperative and intraoperative risk factors. After validation, this model could greatly aid clinicians in the surgical management of @entity1204 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A preoperative and intraoperative scoring system to predict nodal XXXX in @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant chemotherapy and hyperfractionated @entity7841 in locally advanced, inoperable @entity135 . METHODS: A pilot study was undertaken comprising 3 cycles of @entity900 (100 mg/m2, day 1) and @entity1487 (1000 mg/m2 in continuous intravenous infusion over the first 120 h) followed by bifractionated radiotherapy applied to @entity5 /involved lymph nodes up to the dose of 74.4 Gy given in 2 fractions of 1.2 Gy daily for 5 days a week combined with concomitant weekly @entity900 infusion (50 mg/m2). RESULTS: Six @entity1 were enrolled in the study. All of them completed the protocol therapy. Severe @entity33 and myelotoxicity were the most common acute side effects observed in all and in 5 of the @entity1 , respectively. Acute @entity137 required interruption of concomitant chemotherapy in 5 cases and in 2 interruption of radiotherapy was necessary. Opioid analgesic parenteral therapy was administered in 4 @entity1 . Three of them had to be hospitalized. One @entity1 experienced @entity64 1 day after the completion of therapy and died 7 days later. Due to high acute @entity137 , @entity1 accrual was terminated after 6 @entity1 . At the mean follow-up of 17 months, 4 @entity1 are alive, 3 of them are free of disease and in 1 local progression has been diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: High acute @entity137 of induction @entity900 and @entity1487 followed by concomitant @entity900 and hyperfractionated @entity7841 calls for less toxic treatment schedules in locally advanced inoperable @entity135 .

title: Induction chemotherapy followed by simultaneous hyperfractionated radiochemotherapy in advanced XXXX . A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['irradiation']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: A randomized clinical trial with 152 @entity1 was conducted to examine the effects of an informational intervention on the severity of side effects resulting from radiation therapy for @entity263 . We also examined negative affect both as a predictor and as an outcome variable. The informational intervention, given to @entity1 at the first and fifth treatments, was based upon self-regulation theory and provided @entity1 with specific, objective information about what to expect during their radiation treatments. @entity1 in the comparison group received general information at the same point in time. Negative affect was measured using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) prior to the intervention and at the last treatment. The severity of side effects for each individual was assessed at their last treatment. The results showed that @entity1 in the informational intervention group reported significantly fewer problems with sleep and less @entity1295 (marginally significant) than those in the comparison group. Negative affect was not influenced by group assignment. Baseline negative affect was not related to symptom development, although the development of side effects was associated with an increase in negative mood. The results suggest that @entity1 could benefit from increased knowledge about what to expect during their radiation treatments.

title: The effects of information and negative affect on severity of side effects from radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity298 ( @entity298 ) can result in several peritoneal alterations of varying degree, which lead to progressive reduction in dialytic efficacy. Although its pathogenesis has not been clarified yet, it has been proposed that high @entity413 induced oxidative stress generation within the peritoneal membrane plays an important role in leading to membrane alterations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress inhibition on peritoneal alterations induced by @entity4372 @entity298 solutions in @entity35 . METHODS: The @entity35 were divided into three groups receiving no treatment (the control group), @entity4372 @entity298 solution intraperitoneally (ip) only (the @entity4372 dextrose group) and @entity4372 @entity298 solution ip plus @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ) orally ( @entity2904 group). After 4 weeks, a one-hour peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was performed. Dialysate-to-plasma @entity1133 ratio (D/P urea), @entity413 reabsorption (D(1)/D(0) @entity413 ), ultrafiltration volume (UF) and the level of dialysate protein were determined. The levels of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) and the activity of @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) were investigated in the peritoneal tissue lysates. The peritoneal membrane was evaluated histologically by light microscopy. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, peritoneal function tests (UF: 3.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.6 mL, D/P urea: 0.57 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.04, D(1)/D(0) @entity413 : 0.46 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.05) and morphology (thickness: 4.4 +/- 0.5 vs. 61 +/- 14 micro m and neovascularisation: 0.2 +/- 0.4 vs 2.4 +/- 0.8 number/field) were dramatically altered in the @entity4372 @entity298 solution-treated @entity35 . Likewise, higher levels of @entity6667 , @entity1865 and decreased activity of GPx were determined in the @entity4372 @entity298 solution-treated @entity35 . Although peritoneal thickness (37 +/- 17 micro m) was not completely decreased, peritoneal functions were protected in the @entity2904 group (UF: 4.0 +/- 0.4 mL, D/P urea: 0.62 +/- 0.06, D(1)/D(0) @entity413 : 0.43 +/- 0.02). In the @entity2904 group, @entity1865 and @entity6667 levels and neoangiogenesis were significantly less than those of the @entity4372 @entity413 group. In addition, GPx activity significantly increased in the @entity2904 group. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrated that not only generating oxidative stress but also attenuating antioxidative system and high @entity413 concentration can cause structural and functional alterations within the peritoneal membrane. @entity2904 can preserve these alterations by inhibiting the oxidative stress within the peritoneal membrane.

title: The effect of oxidative stress inhibition with @entity1481 on the peritoneal alterations induced by @entity4372 XXXX solution.

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetazidine']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the need for routine nasogastric decompression after extensive resections in @entity1 with @entity356 . DESIGN: Prospective randomised study. SETTING: University hospital, Korea. SUBJECTS: Over a 1-year period (July 1999-July 200), 136 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent radical gastrectomy with D2 or more lymph node dissection. INTERVENTIONS: Randomised to have nasogastric decompression (n = 69) or not (n = 67). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative course, morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: Time to passage of first flatus, time to taking liquid diet, length of operation, and postoperative hospital stay were all significantly shorter in the no decompression group. Two @entity1 in each group required subsequent nasogastric decompression. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning the presence of @entity86 , @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity834 , or @entity358 . No @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: Routine nasogastric decompression is not necessary in elective operations for @entity356 .

title: Nasogastric decompression is not necessary in operations for XXXX : prospective randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary or wound complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this work the authors develop and investigate the feasibility of a method to estimate time-varying volumetric images from individual MV cine electronic portal image device (EPID) images. METHODS: The authors adopt a two-step approach to time-varying volumetric image estimation from a single cine EPID image. In the first step, a @entity1 -specific motion model is constructed from 4DCT. In the second step, parameters in the motion model are tuned according to the information in the EPID image. The @entity1 -specific motion model is based on a compact representation of lung motion represented in displacement vector fields (DVFs). DVFs are calculated through deformable image registration (DIR) of a reference 4DCT phase image (typically peak-exhale) to a set of 4DCT images corresponding to different phases of a breathing cycle. The salient characteristics in the DVFs are captured in a compact representation through principal component analysis (PCA). @entity4901 decouples the spatial and temporal components of the DVFs. Spatial information is represented in eigenvectors and the temporal information is represented by eigen-coefficients. To generate a new volumetric image, the eigen-coefficients are updated via cost function optimization based on digitally reconstructed radiographs and projection images. The updated eigen-coefficients are then multiplied with the eigenvectors to obtain updated DVFs that, in turn, give the volumetric image corresponding to the cine EPID image. RESULTS: The algorithm was tested on (1) Eight digital eXtended CArdiac-Torso phantom datasets based on different irregular @entity1 breathing patterns and (2) @entity1 cine EPID images acquired during SBRT treatments. The root-mean-squared @entity5 localization error is (0.73    0.63 mm) for the XCAT data and (0.90    0.65 mm) for the @entity1 data. CONCLUSIONS: The authors introduced a novel method of estimating volumetric time-varying images from single cine EPID images and a PCA-based lung motion model. This is the first method to estimate volumetric time-varying images from single MV cine EPID images, and has the potential to provide volumetric information with no additional imaging dose to the @entity1 .

title: An initial study on the estimation of time-varying volumetric treatment images and 3D XXXX localization from single MV cine EPID images.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective To describe long-term treatment outcomes of a pediatric @entity16090 cohort in Mozambique. Design Retrospective analysis of routine monitoring data. Setting Secondary health care facilities in the Chamanculo Health District of Maputo. Subjects A total of 1,335 antiretroviral treatment (ART) na  ve @entity1 <15 years of age enrolled in @entity16090 care between 2002 and 2010. Intervention @entity16090 care, ART (since 2003), task shifting to lower cadre nurses, counseling by lay counselors, active @entity1 tracing, nutritional support, support by a psychologist, targeted viral load testing, and switch to second-line treatment. Main outcome measures Kaplan-Meier estimates for retention in care (RIC), @entity404 cell percentage, body mass index for age z-score, and adjusted incidence rate ratios for @entity6661 ( @entity204 or loss to follow-up) as calculated by Poisson regression. Results The RIC at 6 years in the pre-ART cohort was 44% (95% confidence interval: 38-49), and the one at 8 years in the ART cohort was 70% (64-75). Risk factors for @entity6661 included young age, low @entity404 percentage, underweight, active @entity378 , and enrollment/treatment initiation after 2006. The mean @entity404 percentage increased strongly at 1 year on treatment and remained high thereafter. The body mass index for age z-score sharply increased at 1 year after treatment initiation before stabilizing at pre-ART levels thereafter. Conclusions Good clinical and immunological treatment outcomes up to 8 years of follow-up on ART can be achieved in a context of shortage of health workers and a high level of task-shifting approach.

title: Long-term outcomes of a pediatric XXXX treatment program in Maputo, Mozambique: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

answer: @entity16090 :: (11709,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Refractory locally advanced or metastatic nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a frequent therapeutic impasse. OBJECTIVES: To address the question of the efficacy of induction therapy with cetuximab as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced NMSC. METHODS: From 2008 to 2013, all @entity1 with a diagnosis of unresectable locally advanced skin squamous cell carcinoma were treated with neoadjuvant cetuximab alone (CM) or combined with a @entity902 salt and @entity1487 ( @entity5635 ). Resectability, and clinical and pathological response, as well as relapse-free and overall survival were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 , with a median age of 74  5  years, were evaluated. Twenty-five @entity1 received CC. After three cycles of CC, 23 of 25 @entity1 whose tumours were initially unresectable became amenable to surgery (92%). A complete histological response was observed in 15 (65%) @entity1 . The mean progression-free and mean overall survival in operated @entity1 were 8  5 and 26  0  months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There was a good response in terms of resectability and tumour control in the majority of @entity1 , with few relapses, despite the initially poor prognosis of these tumours in this elderly group of @entity1 . However, this therapeutic strategy needs to be validated in a prospective, randomized study.

title: Efficacy of neoadjuvant cetuximab alone or with XXXX salt for the treatment of unresectable advanced nonmetastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: The hind limbs of anaesthetized @entity35 were exposed to @entity10795 (81 Hz; amplitude peak to peak 0.50 mm) for 4 hours during 2 consecutive days. The animals were examined in groups of 4 immediately after the last exposure, and after 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 28 days. The Achilles tendons and the tendons of the anterior tibialis muscles were sampled and processed to demonstrate @entity2135 immunoreactivity. In the normal Achilles tendon and in the tendon of the anterior tibial muscle, slight @entity2135 immunoreactivity was seen in many of the long slender fibroblasts between the collagen bundles. A strong increase in the @entity2135 immunoreactivity appeared in the anterior tibialis muscle tendon 3 days after the last vibration exposure. In addition, the tendon fibroblasts became @entity1184 . A similar but less striking increase in @entity2135 immunoreactivity appeared in the Achilles tendon. The peak intensity and frequency of stained cells were achieved after 7 days for both tendons. The intensity then levelled off, and was normalized after 28 days. It is concluded that acute exposure to vibrations induces reactive changes in fibroblasts in tendons, which may reflect a change to a more active synthesising state, as a response to the @entity10795 . The transiently altered expression of @entity2135 immunoreactivity forms a link in a chain of events regulating the functional activity level of fibroblasts in response to a @entity130 .

title: Transiently increased insulin-like growth factor I immunoreactivity in tendons after XXXX . An immunohistochemical study on @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['vibration trauma']

answer: @entity10795 :: (MESH:D053421,Disease) :: ['vibration trauma']


abstract: Obesity is a risk factor for @entity14 ( @entity14 ), and alterations in the colonic microbiome and metabolome may be mechanistically involved in this relationship. The relative contribution of diet and @entity28 per se are unclear. We compared the effect of diet- and genetically-induced @entity28 on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome in a @entity19 model of @entity14 . Apc1638 @entity19 were made @entity28 by either @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) feeding or the presence of the Leprdb/db (DbDb) mutation. @entity4056 were quantified and stool microbiome and metabolome were profiled. @entity74 , and to a lesser extent @entity1386 feeding, promoted intestinal tumorigenesis. Each induced distinct microbial patterns: taxa enriched in @entity1386 were mostly Firmicutes (6 of 8) while those enriched in DbDb were split between Firmicutes (7 of 12) and Proteobacteria (5 of 12). Parabecteroides distasonis was lower in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 and its abundance was inversely associated with colonic @entity635 production (p<0.05). @entity1386 and @entity74 altered the abundance of 49 and 40 fecal metabolites respectively, with 5 in common. Of these 5, @entity859 was also lower in @entity28 and in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 (p<0.05) and its concentration was inversely associated with colonic @entity635 and Tnf production (p<0.05). @entity1386 and @entity74 differentially alter the intestinal microbiome and metabolome. A depletion of @entity859 and @entity3396 in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 could play a mechanistic role in @entity5 formation. @entity859 and @entity3396 have previously been shown to be anti-inflammatory in the colon and we postulate their reduction could promote tumorigenesis by de-repressing @entity32 .

title: Diet- and Genetically-Induced Obesity Differentially Affect the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Apc1638 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic obesity', 'Genetic obesity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3396 :: ('823', 'Species') :: ['P.distasonis', 'P. distasonis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['N Mice']


abstract: RATIONALE: Successive negative contrast (SNC) describes a change in the behaviour of an animal following a downshift in the quantitative or qualitative value of an expected reward. This behavioural response has been hypothesised to be linked to affective state, with negative states associated with larger and/or prolonged shifts in behaviour. OBJECTIVE: This study has investigated whether different psychopharmacological treatments have dissociable actions on the SNC effect in @entity35 and related these findings to their actions on different neurotransmitter systems and affective state. METHODS: Animals were trained to perform a nose-poke response to obtain a high-value food reward (four pellets). SNC was quantified during devalue sessions in which the reward was reduced to one pellet. Using a within-subject study design, the effects of acute treatment with anxiolytic, anxiogenic, antidepressant and dopaminergic drugs were investigated during both baseline (four pellets) or devalue sessions (one pellet). RESULTS: The indirect @entity935 agonist, @entity4944 , attenuated the SNC effect whilst the D1/D2 antagonist, @entity8878 , potentiated it. The antidepressant @entity837 , anxiolytic @entity5633 and anxiogenic @entity12453 had no specific effects on SNC, although @entity12453 induced @entity73 at higher doses. The a2-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity3160 , increased premature responding but had no specific effect on SNC. Results for the anxiolytic @entity3175 were mixed with one group showing an attenuation of the SNC effect whilst the other showed no effect. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the SNC effect is mediated, at least in part, by @entity935 signalling. The SNC effect may also be attenuated by @entity1245 anxiolytics.

title: Psychopharmacological characterisation of the successive negative contrast effect in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['general impairments']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity8878 :: ('MESH:D005475', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-flupenthixol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is a serious post-operative complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, with significant morbidity and mortality. Many clinical, hemodynamic and laboratory variables have been shown to have prognostic value for appearance of @entity712 . We sought to investigate the incidence of new-onset @entity67 ( @entity67 ) complicating the long-term use of LVADs. METHODS: We retrospectively examined all @entity1 supported with a continuous-flow LVAD for >1 year at our center. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 (mean age 54    10 years, 95% @entity1 , 60% with @entity296 , left ventricular ejection fraction 22    6%, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 23.5    7.5 mm Hg, @entity3876 [ @entity3876 ] 1,566    1,536 pg/ml, serum @entity1011 1.6    0.64 mg/dl, @entity1483 dose 643    410 mg/day) underwent long-term mechanical support as destination therapy support with a continuous-flow LVAD (HeartMate II) at our center. During follow-up (1,219    692 days), 9 @entity1 (45%) manifested symptoms and signs of @entity67 (increase in right atrial pressure [RAP], @entity3876 and daily @entity1483 dose compared with the early post-operative period). In these @entity1 , RAP was increased by 6.6    2.6 mm Hg and @entity3876 by 526    477 pg/ml, whereas @entity1483 dose increased by 145    119 mg. The mean and median times of @entity67 onset were 2.3    1.5 and 2.1 years, respectively, after LVAD implantation (range 0.4 to 4.8 years). Four of these @entity1 (44.4%) demonstrated further deterioration of RV function and died 73    106 days (median 25 days, range 9 to 231 days) after first manifestation of @entity67 . Comparisons of baseline variables regarding medical history and clinical status did not demonstrate significant differences between the @entity1 with or without @entity67 , including parameters related to RV function at the time of implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Late-onset @entity67 is a complication of LVAD support, which can manifest several months to years from device implantation. This complication has significant adverse implications with regard to @entity1 outcome. Prognostic factors need to be identified to follow and treat high-risk @entity1 more efficiently.

title: Late-onset XXXX after mechanical support by a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Right heart failure', 'RHF']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RVD', 'right ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['right ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring for asymptomatic @entity999 is currently limited to short recordings by equipment size, restricting its clinical usefulness. We have developed a first ambulatory TCD system, evaluated it in at-risk @entity1 groups, and used it to study the pattern of embolization in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity543 . METHODS: The system comprises an 18x11.5x3.2 cm battery-powered Doppler unit (425 g) and a 13-mm servo-controlled 2 MHz transducer probe. The quadrature raw Doppler signal is stored on flash-disk. An autosearch algorithm restores vessel insonation should signal quality fall. Initial evaluation was in 20 ambulatory @entity64 @entity1 . Subsequently, 12 recently symptomatic carotid @entity1 had recordings for > or =5 hours. RESULTS: Recordings were well tolerated and a median of 96% of Doppler signal was suitable for analysis. Embolic signals were detected in 11 of the 12 symptomatic carotid @entity1 . There was marked temporal variability in embolization and prolonging the recording increased the yield of embolic signal positive @entity1 from 58% at 30 minutes to 92% at 150 minutes. In 3 subjects with frequent @entity887 , significant temporal clustering of @entity887 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed the first ambulatory TCD system. Good-quality recordings of > or =5 hours can be obtained. In view of the demonstrated temporal variability in embolization, this technique is likely to improve the predictive value of recording for asymptomatic @entity887 and may be particularly useful in @entity1 in whom @entity887 are relatively infrequent, such as those with asymptomatic @entity543 and @entity955 .

title: Long-term ambulatory monitoring for XXXX using transcranial Doppler ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic signals']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity999 :: (MESH:D020766,Disease) :: ['cerebral emboli']


abstract: Stimulation parameters seem to strongly influence the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the management of treatment-resistant @entity308 @entity1 . The most effective and safest parameters are yet to be defined. Moreover, systematic follow-up data available to document the duration of the therapeutic effects remain sparse. Twenty-one treatment-resistant @entity308 @entity1 were randomized to either active rTMS (N=12) or to sham (N=9) treatment in a double-blind design. @entity1 were kept on their medications. Sub-motor-threshold (MT) stimulation (80% MT) was delivered for 10 consecutive work days (20 Hz, 2-s trains, 20 trains). Subjects meeting pre-set criteria for responding were entered into a follow-up phase for up to 5 months. Utilizing the above stimulation parameters, we found no significant difference between groups. Six @entity1 in the active group and one subject in the sham group met criteria for the follow-up phase. The period of time before subjects met criteria for relapse was highly variable ranging from 2 to 20 weeks. Sub-threshold rTMS stimulation for 2 weeks is not significantly superior to sham treatment for treatment-resistant @entity308 @entity1 . The duration of the therapeutic effects of rTMS delivered to the left prefrontal cortex using the above-described parameters is highly variable.

title: Lack of a therapeutic effect of a 2-week sub-threshold transcranial magnetic stimulation course for treatment-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Infection of eukaryotic cells by pathogens requires the efficient use of host cell endocytic and cytoplasmic transport mechanisms. Understanding how these cellular functions are exploited by microorganisms allows us to better define the basic biology of pathogenesis while providing better insight into normal cellular functions. In this report we compare and contrast intracellular transport and trafficking of the @entity1 polyomavirus @entity8315 (JCV) with that of @entity2235 (SV40). We have previously shown that infection of @entity1 glial cells by JCV requires clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In contrast, infection of cells by SV40 proceeds by caveola-dependent endocytosis. We now examine the roles of endosomal pH and the cellular cytoskeleton during infection of glial cells by both viruses. Our results demonstrate that @entity778 is sensitive to disruption of endosomal pH, whereas SV40 infection is pH independent. Infection by JCV is inhibited by treatment of glial cells with @entity11119 , @entity10612 , and @entity3323 , whereas SV40 infection is affected only by @entity10612 . These data point to critical differences between JCV and SV40 in terms of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of their DNA genomes to the nucleus. These data also suggest a unique sequential involvement of cytoskeletal elements during infection of glial cells by JCV.

title: Contrasting roles of endosomal pH and the cytoskeleton in infection of XXXX glial cells by @entity8315 and @entity2235 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['JCV infection']

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity11119 :: ('MESH:D015638', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Scientific evidence accumulated to date of the efficacy of @entity1091 in the treatment and prophylaxis of bipolar affective states rests primarily on quantitative vector analysis and some double blind studies. To our knowledge, no clinical studies similar to this one exist in literature wherein indentical twins were subjected to the variables of electroconvulsive therapy and @entity11922 versus @entity3486 and @entity11922 . The only other variable in the study was the hospital settings involved. The twins' course of treatment over a period of 12 years prior to their presentation wherein they received @entity11922 in various hospital settings is presented in detail. The current study would seem to suggest that E.C.T. and @entity11922 are superior to @entity11922 alone in shortening hospital course and perhaps in improving post-hospital adjustment. Further, prior to the advent of @entity1091 , it may be evident that psychiatrists were not attuned to the diagnosis of affective states. Finally, @entity3486 and @entity11922 , while requiring a significantly longer period of hospitalization than E.C.T. and @entity11922 , appear to be associated with preventing re-hospitalization for @entity162 states, but a slightly decreased level of occupational adjustment. The author discusses the potential value of these @entity1 in determining the clinical efficacy of future drugs in bipolar affective states, as well as the necessity to obtain future studies of the @entity1011 phosphokinase level.

title: XXXX versus E.C.T. in the treatment of the @entity162 state of identical twins with @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity11922 :: ('MESH:D010640', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazines']

answer: @entity3486 :: (MESH:D016651,Chemical) :: ['Lithium carbonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In primary care, @entity937 are difficult to detect. A quick and easy clinical prediction rule based on @entity1 history and a single meniscal test may help physicians to identify high-risk @entity1 for referral for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). AIM: The study objective was to develop and internally validate a clinical prediction rule (CPR) for the detection of @entity937 in primary care. DESIGN AND SETTING: In a cross-sectional multicentre study, 121 @entity1 from primary care were included if they were aged 18-65 years with knee complaints that existed for <6 months, and who were suspected to suffer from a meniscal tear. METHOD: One diagnostic physical meniscal test and 14 clinical variables were considered to be predictors of MRI outcome. Using known predictors for the presence of @entity937 , a 'quick and easy' CPR was derived. RESULTS: The final CPR included the variables sex, age, weight-bearing during trauma, performing sports, effusion, warmth, discolouration, and Deep Squat test. The final model had an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI = 0.72 to 0.80). A cut-point of 150 points yielded an overall sensitivity of 86.1% and a specificity of 45.5%. For this cut-point, the positive predictive value was 55.0%, and the negative predictive value was 81.1%. A scoring system was provided including the corresponding predicted probabilities for a meniscal tear. CONCLUSION: The CPR improved the detection of @entity937 in primary care. Further evaluation of the CPR in new primary care @entity1 is needed, however, to assess its usefulness.

title: A clinical prediction rule for XXXX in primary care: development and internal validation using a multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['meniscal tears']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the relationships between maternal DSM-IV-TR @entity148 , @entity308 , and body mass index (BMI) with arterial @entity101 and blood pressure during pregnancy. In the Maternal @entity148 in Relation to @entity1 Development (MARI) study, N   =   306 @entity1 were enrolled in early pregnancy and repeatedly assessed during peripartum period. DSM-IV-TR @entity148 and @entity308 prior to pregnancy, lifetime @entity308 liability, and BMI during early pregnancy were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for @entity1 (CIDI-V). Based on their prepregnancy status, all @entity1 were assigned to one of the following initial diagnostic groups: no @entity148 nor @entity308 (no AD), pure @entity308 (pure D), pure @entity148 (pure A), and comorbid @entity148 and @entity308 (comorbid AD). Blood pressure measurements were derived from medical records. Arterial @entity101 during pregnancy was defined by at least two blood pressure values >= 140  mmHg systolic and/or >= 90  mmHg diastolic. N   =   283 @entity1 with at least four documented blood pressure measurements during pregnancy were included in the analyses. In this sample, N   =   47 @entity1 (16.6  %) were identified with arterial @entity101 during pregnancy. @entity1 with comorbid AD (reference group: no AD) had a significantly higher blood pressure after adjustment for age, parity, smoking, occupation, household income, and education (systolic: linear regression coefficient [b]   =   3.0, 95  % confidence interval [CI]   =   0.2-5.7; diastolic, b   =   2.3, 95  % CI   =   0.1-4.4). @entity148 liability was associated with an increased risk of @entity101 (odds ratio [OR]   =   1.1, 95  % CI   =   1.0-1.3) and a higher systolic blood pressure (b   =   0.4, 95  % CI   =   0.0-0.7). The adjusted interaction model revealed a significant interaction between the diagnostic group pure A and BMI for @entity101 (ORIT   =   1.5, 95  % CI   =   1.1-2.1). Especially, @entity1 with a lifetime history of comorbid @entity148 and @entity308 and @entity28 pregnant @entity1 with a lifetime history of pure @entity148 should be informed about their heightened risk of @entity101 , monitored with regular blood pressure measurements, and provided with strategies for prevention and early intervention such as changes in diet and physical activity.

title: Associations of XXXX , @entity308 and body weight with @entity101 during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Infant', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressive disorder', 'anxiety/depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorders']