abstract: BACKGROUND: Curcuma has long been used as an anti-inflammatory agent in @entity29 . Since @entity344 is impaired in inflammatory states, the aim of this work was to evaluate if Curcuma Longa had any effect on intestinal motility. METHODS: The biological activity of Curcuma extract was evaluated against @entity5402 induced contraction in isolated @entity19 intestine. @entity4432 were induced in Balb/c @entity19 by Dextran Sulphate @entity1372 administration (5% and 2.5% respectively) and either Curcuma extract (200 mg/kg/day) or placebo was thereafter administered for 7 and 21 days respectively. Spontaneous contractions and the response to @entity5402 and @entity3897 of ileum and colon were studied after @entity1960 induction and Curcuma administration. RESULTS: Curcuma extract reduced the spontaneous contractions in the ileum and colon; the maximal response to @entity5402 was inhibited in a non-competitive and reversible manner. Similar results were obtained in ileum and colon from Curcuma fed @entity19 . DSS administration decreased the motility, mainly in the @entity694 almost restored both the spontaneous contractions and the response to @entity5402 after 14 days assumption, compared to standard diet, but a prolonged assumption of Curcuma decreased the spontaneous and @entity5402 -induced contractions. CONCLUSIONS: Curcuma extract has a direct and indirect myorelaxant effect on @entity19 ileum and colon, independent of the anti-inflammatory effect. The indirect effect is reversible and non-competitive with the cholinergic agent. These results suggest the use of curcuma extract as a spasmolytic agent.

title: Curcuma longa extract exerts a myorelaxant effect on the ileum and colon in a XXXX experimental @entity1960 model, independent of the anti-inflammatory effect.

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['Acute and chronic colitis']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and Curcuma']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbachol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify the effect of the new 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) semen analysis reference values on reclassifying previous semen analysis parameters and definition of @entity1 with @entity4810 . DESIGN: A multi-institutional retrospective chart review. SETTING: University and private @entity4810 clinics. @entity1 (S): @entity1 referred for @entity249 evaluation. INTERVENTION(S): Comparison of semen analysis values based on 2010 versus 1999 reference criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Quantification of the change based on individual sperm parameters and as a whole. RESULT(S): A total of 184 @entity1 had at least two semen analyses; 13 (7%), 17 (9.2%), 34 (18.4%), and 29 (15.7%) @entity1 changed classification to being at or above the reference values by the 2010 criteria for semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, respectively. A total of 501 @entity1 had one semen analysis on file; 40 (7.9%), 31 (6.2%), 50 (9.9%), and 74 (19.3%) would change classification for volume, concentration, motility, and morphology, respectively. Overall, 103 @entity1 (15.1%) who had one or more parameter below the reference value on the original analysis were converted to having all parameters at or above the 2010 reference values. CONCLUSION(S): The 2010 reference values result in some infertile @entity1 being reclassified as fertile if status is based on semen analysis alone. This may lead to fewer @entity1 being referred for proper @entity249 evaluation or treatment.

title: The effect of the new 2010 World Health Organization criteria for semen analyses on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male factor infertility', 'male infertility']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: The aim of this article is to investigate the association between @entity432 ( @entity432 ) and the presence of @entity731 and vascular risk factors. The clinical characteristics and risk factors of 120 @entity1 presenting with @entity432 were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 (n = 120) had at least 1 of the 4 vascular risk factor ( @entity6 , smoking, @entity1007 , and @entity101 ); 2, 3, or all 4 risk factors were present in 14 to 82 of the @entity1 (11.7% to 68.3%), 10 to 39 of the @entity1 (8.3% to 32.5%), and 9 of the @entity1 (7.5%), respectively. A total of 84 @entity1 (70%) with @entity432 had disease in at least 1 additional vascular bed (aorta, coronary or lower limb arteries). In addition to @entity432 , @entity455 was present in 2 and all 3 of these arterial beds in 42 (35%) and 9 (7.5%) @entity1 , respectively. Furthermore, stenosis or occlusion of the ipsilateral or contralateral vertebral arteries was recorded in 19 of 120 @entity1 (15.8%). Regarding the contralateral carotid artery, 1 @entity1 had bilateral @entity432 . One @entity1 had contralateral common carotid @entity432 , and 1 @entity1 was excluded from the analysis because of surgery to the contralateral carotid artery. Of the remaining 117 @entity1 , 34 (29.0%) had less than 50% contralateral @entity543 . Thirty-two @entity1 (27.4%) had 50% to 69%, and 51 (43.6%) had 70% to 99% stenosis. Ultrasonographic imaging of the carotid plaque of the contralateral carotid artery revealed that 52 of the 120 arteries (43.3%) were uniformly or predominantly echolucent (types I and II, respectively). Fifty-nine (49.2%) were predominantly or uniformly echogenic (types III and IV), and 9 (7.5%) could not be classified. A similar distribution of echomorphology was observed on the occluded side. @entity432 is associated with widespread @entity731 and a high prevalence of vascular risk factors. Detection of @entity432 should prompt the investigation of other arterial beds and treatment of risk factors.

title: Internal carotid artery occlusion: association with XXXX in other arterial beds and vascular risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ICAO', 'artery occlusion', 'internal carotid artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop adapted versions of the @entity3834 /van der Heijde radiographic scoring system for use in @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ), and to investigate their validity in @entity4932 @entity1 with @entity66 . METHODS: The study group comprised 177 @entity1 with polyarticular @entity4932 . Radiographs of the wrist/hand of each @entity1 were obtained at baseline (first observation) and then at 1, 3, 5, 7/8, and 10 years and were assessed independently by 2 pediatric rheumatologists according to different adaptations of the @entity3834 /van der Heijde method. To facilitate score assignment, the radiograph for each @entity1 was compared with a bone age-related standard. Validation procedures included analysis of reliability, construct validity, and score progression over time. RESULTS: Interobserver and intraobserver agreement on longitudinal score values and score changes was good for all of the adapted scoring versions (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.85). Score changes over time were moderately to strongly correlated with the clinical indicators of long-term joint damage and with the amount of long-term radiographic damage as measured with the carpo:metacarpal ratio, thereby demonstrating good construct validity. A steady increase in scores over time was observed, with joint space narrowing being the most common form of damage throughout the disease course. The inclusion of 5 new areas appeared to increase the overall construct validity of erosion scores. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the adapted versions of the @entity3834 /van der Heijde score are reliable and valid for the assessment of radiographic progression in @entity1 with @entity4932 .

title: Adapted versions of the XXXX /van der Heijde score are reliable and valid for assessment of radiographic progression in @entity4932 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['polyarticular disease']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity3834 :: (23013,Gene) :: ['Sharp']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Screening for @entity407 is a substantial cost burden, as is its treatment. The choice of @entity2453 reductase inhibitors (statins) and the dose level may have significant implications for both efficient and cost effective therapy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficiency and cost of statins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted of randomized, controlled trials of monotherapy with fixed doses of statins published in the literature until June 1998. Two authors independently extracted data from 49 trials comprising 14,130 @entity1 . The percentage reduction (95% confidence intervals) of low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels was calculated using a random-effects model. Cost efficiency was defined as the percentage decline of LDL @entity165 per dollar of drug cost. RESULTS: The population evaluated had a mean baseline LDL @entity165 concentration of 5.31 mmol/L, a mean age of 53.5 years and a mean 59% proportion of males. In reducing LDL @entity165 concentrations to less than 25% of the baseline concentration, a significantly higher cost efficiency was achieved with @entity3413 2.5 mg (-53.3%/dollar). By targeting a reduction between 25% and 29%, significantly higher cost efficiencies were found with @entity3413 5 mg (-28.9%/dollar), cerivastatin 0.2 mg (-23.8%/dollar) and @entity5470 40 mg (-23.3%/dollar). For reductions in LDL @entity165 concentrations of 30% to 34%, statistically higher cost efficiencies were achieved with @entity3413 20 mg (-15.0%/dollar) and @entity8673 40 mg (-14. 4%/dollar). Finally, @entity2993 10 mg yielded a value of -22. 9%/dollar for a 36% reduction in LDL @entity165 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: At current prices of the various doses of statins, the cost efficiency of standard and more aggressive therapies varies substantially. In the context of health care budgets, targeting at-risk @entity1 and using statins judiciously should facilitate the efforts of clinicians and @entity1 to reduce lipid profiles optimally and decrease the cost burden.

title: Efficacy and cost of @entity2453 reductase inhibitors in the treatment of @entity1 with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity5470 :: ('MESH:C065180', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: To assess the ultrasonographic (US) patterns of acute @entity12127 , we prospectively examined 21 @entity1 . US was performed in all of them, CT in 13/21, contrast enema in 18/21 and endoscopy in 2/21 @entity1 . US follow-up was carried out in 15/17 @entity1 managed with conservative treatment. To analyze the US patterns of simple @entity7261 , we carried out an in vitro study of two surgical specimens with simple @entity6522 . Wall thickening was seen in 21/21 cases, @entity7261 in 19/21, changes in pericolic fat in 11/21, local tenderness on gradual compression in 19/21 and changes in peristaltic activity in 21/21 cases. Even though @entity7261 may appear differently, we found 4 main patterns: round or linear hyperechoic pericolic outpouchings with no definite wall, usually with shadowing or reverberation artifacts (pattern 1), a saccular focus with a well-defined wall and various contents (pattern 2), a tubular structure with no content but with central linear echoes (pattern 3), and a flask-like or arrowhead-like hypoechoic focus (pattern 4). Patterns 1, 2 and 3 were shown in inflamed colic segments and in unaffected adjacent tracts, both in the acute phase and at follow-up, with no relevant morphological changes. In contrast, pattern 4 was observed in 10/19 @entity1 , always in the acute phase and in affected colic tracts. The follow-up showed a decrease in size in 3 cases and a change to patterns 1, 2 or 3 in 7 @entity1 . The authors believe pattern 4 to represent inflamed @entity7261 , while patterns 1, 2 and 3 indicate simple @entity7261 . Moreover the detection of @entity7261 and thickened wall segments does not necessarily indicate @entity4436 : thus, the diagnosis of this condition must rely on the presence of several signs, the most specific of which were, in our series, the flask-like and arrowhead-like patterns, presumptively expressing @entity733 .

title: [Ultrasonography in acute XXXX of the colon: semiologic features].

entities_list: @entity6522 :: ('MESH:D043963', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['peridiverticular abscess']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of a newly designed treatment strategy for @entity4236 and @entity3270 of the paranasal sinuses. DESIGN AND SETTING: Nonrandomized prospective study of a case series in a tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Nine consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity4236 or @entity3270 of the paranasal sinuses from June 1992 to October 1995 underwent this treatment protocol. INTERVENTIONS: After histological diagnosis and detailed imaging, 2 cycles of @entity900 and @entity2879 chemotherapy were instituted. Chemotherapy responders were treated with combined photon and stereotaxic fractionated proton radiation therapy totaling approximately 68 Gy to the primary site, whereas poor responders were treated with surgical resection followed by postoperative radiation. In both cases, therapy was then concluded with 2 additional cycles of @entity900 and @entity2879 chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Response to therapy, survival, disease-free survival, and complications of therapy were examined. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 with a median Dulguerov T stage of T3 (range, T2 to T4) completed the treatment protocol, with mean follow-up after diagnosis of 20.5 months. Eight of 9 @entity1 exhibited a dramatic response to therapy with remission of their @entity5 , and resection was not required. One @entity1 failed to respond to induction chemotherapy and received surgical therapy to be followed by postoperative radiotherapy. There have been no recurrences (mean disease-free interval of 14.0 months). Complications were limited and generally transient. CONCLUSIONS: The use of combined @entity900 and @entity2879 chemotherapy with proton radiation has demonstrated initial success in treatment of these @entity5 . Dramatic response from chemotherapy is possible even in bulky or unresectable disease. This protocol has an acceptable complication rate and conveys less morbidity than craniofacial resection and conventional radiotherapy. Further follow-up will be required to determine the long-term success rate of this therapeutic protocol.

title: Successful treatment of @entity4236 and XXXX with combined chemotherapy and proton radiation. Results in 9 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity3270 :: (MESH:D018278,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of intravenous empiric treatment with @entity2889 compared with @entity5505 - @entity2890 in @entity1 with @entity1729 . DESIGN: Prospective, nonblind, randomized trial. SETTING: Multicenter trial conducted at 22 centers. @entity1 : Two hundred eleven @entity1 were enrolled and 121 were evaluable for the analysis of both clinical and bacteriologic efficacy. INTERVENTIONS: One hundred four @entity1 were randomized to receive intravenous @entity2889 (1000 mg) every 8 hrs and 107 @entity1 were randomized to receive intravenous @entity5505 (2000 mg) plus @entity2890 (1 mg/kg) every 8 hrs. Sixty-three @entity2889 -treated @entity1 and 58 @entity5505 - @entity2890 -treated @entity1 were eligible for the analysis of clinical and bacteriologic efficacy. In the @entity5505 - @entity2890 group, 32 (55%) evaluable @entity1 received more than six doses of @entity2890 , 24 (41%) received six doses or fewer, and two (3%) did not receive any @entity2890 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The analysis of efficacy was based on the clinical and bacteriologic responses at the end of treatment. Satisfactory clinical responses occurred in 56 (89%) of 63 of the @entity2889 -treated @entity1 and in 42 (72%) of 58 of the @entity5505 - @entity2890 -treated @entity1 (p = .04). Corresponding bacteriologic response rates were 89% and 67%, respectively (p = .006). The frequency and profile of drug-related adverse events was similar across treatment groups. @entity410 were reported in three @entity2889 -treated @entity1 , but these @entity410 were considered by the investigator to be unrelated to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2889 is well tolerated and more efficacious than the combination of @entity5505 and @entity2890 for the initial empiric treatment of hospital-acquired @entity2028 .

title: Empiric treatment of @entity1729 with @entity2889 or XXXX with @entity2890 : a randomized study. @entity2889 Lower @entity1729 Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem', 'Meropenem']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity5505 :: (MESH:D002442,Chemical) :: ['ceftazidime']


abstract: Optimizing @entity282 control is an important aspect in perioperative @entity1 care. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of preincision local anesthetic infiltration in @entity282 management for thyroid surgery and its relationship to @entity2981 and wound cosmesis. In a randomized single-blinded study, 39 consecutive @entity1 listed for thyroid surgery were assigned into two groups. Group I (n = 19) received subcuticular preincision infiltration with 10 ml of @entity1341 (0.5%) and Group II (n = 20) received no infiltration. Postoperatively, the @entity158 experienced was evaluated by two methods: verbal response scores and linear analogue scores (0-100 mm) at different time intervals following surgery. @entity2981 and cosmetic effects resulting from surgery were assessed using a linear analogue score at discharge. The two groups were well matched for confounding variables. @entity158 scores were significantly different at 6 hours post operatively (p = 0.0341) with mean scores Group I = 33 and Group II = 50, but this difference disappeared at 24 hours. No @entity1 (0%) received IV @entity1286 in Group I compared to 5 @entity1 (25%) in Group II. There was no significant difference in the mean @entity2981 scores (p = 0.8864) and mean cosmetic scores (p = 0.3339) at discharge. Preincision infiltration with @entity1341 provides easy and better analgesic control postoperatively in @entity1 following thyroid surgery with no effects on @entity2981 or wound cosmesis.

title: Pre-incision infiltration of local anesthetic reduces XXXX with no effects on @entity2981 and wound cosmesis after thyroid surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity2981 :: ('MESH:D003288', 'Disease') :: ['Bruising', 'bruising']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between endogenous sex hormone levels and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of the carotid artery measured by ultrasonography. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. METHODS: Sex hormone levels measured by immunoassay, anthropometric measurements and @entity121 was studied in 1482 @entity1 aged 25-84 years participating in the 1994-1995 Troms   study. The data were analysed with partial correlation, multiple linear regression and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Linear regression models showed that total @entity251 and sex hormone-binding globulin levels, but not calculated free @entity251 , serum @entity53 or @entity2990 levels were inversely associated with the age-adjusted @entity121 (P = 0.008 and P < 0.001 respectively). These associations were independent of smoking, physical activity, blood pressure and lipid levels, but were not independent of body mass index (BMI). Excluding @entity1 with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) did not materially change these results. In a logistic regression model adjusted for the confounding effect of @entity65 risk factors, @entity1 with @entity251 levels in the lowest quintile (<9.0 nmol L(-1)) had an independent OR = 1.51 (P = 0.015) of being in the highest @entity121 quintile. CONCLUSIONS: We found an inverse association between total @entity251 levels and @entity121 of the carotid artery in @entity1 that was present also after excluding @entity1 with @entity65 , but was not independent of BMI. The clinical relevance of this, however, is uncertain and needs to be investigated in a clinical setting.

title: Low @entity251 levels are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2990 :: ('CHEBI:16814', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that changes in the prevalence and/or proportion of distinct microorganisms characterize the subgingival microbial profiles of populations around the world. At present, no information is available on the subgingival microbiota of Mexican subjects. The purpose of the present study was to determine the microbial composition of @entity527 in Mexican subjects with untreated @entity7278 . METHODS: A total of 44 @entity7278 and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (who were currently non-smokers) were selected. Clinical measurements including plaque accumulation, @entity5105 , @entity548 on probing, suppuration, probing depth, and attachment level were recorded at six sites of every tooth. Up to 28 @entity527 samples were obtained from each subject and individually analyzed to determine the levels, proportion, and prevalence of 40 microbial species using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. RESULTS: @entity2523 , @entity14148 , and @entity3289 were the only species that presented higher mean levels in @entity2521 subjects. The proportions of @entity2523 (P<0.001), @entity3289 (P<0.01), and red complex species ( @entity2523 , @entity3289 , and @entity14148 ; P<0.001) as a group were also significantly higher in @entity2521 subjects. Periodontally healthy subjects harbored a significantly larger proportion of Actinomyces species (P<0.05). No significant differences were detected in the percentage of carriers of any of the species tested. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that the subgingival microbiota of untreated @entity7278 Mexican subjects was characterized by increases in the level, prevalence, and proportion of classic periodontal pathogens. However, the prevalence and proportion of specific microbial species varied significantly from the results of other reports on subjects from different geographical locations.

title: Description of the subgingival microbiota of periodontally untreated Mexican subjects: XXXX and periodontal health.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['T. denticola', 'Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['gingival erythema']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['Tannerella forsythensis', 'T. forsythensis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: The small intestinal mucosa makes up about 90% of the total surface of the gastrointestinal tract. However, @entity420 arise rarely in this location. To elucidate genetic alterations underlying @entity5 development in the small intestine we investigated 17 @entity420 . By comparative genomic hybridization recurrent gains of chromosomal material were found at chromosomes 7, 8, 13q, and 20 (5/17, each), while non-random losses were seen at 8p, 17p (4/17, each), and 18 (8/17 cases). Deletions at 5q, the location of the @entity5 suppressor gene, were seen in three cases. Microsatellite analysis with markers on chromosomal arms 1p, 5q, 8p, 17p, 18q, 19p, and 22q revealed a microsatellite instable phenotype in two cases and a high frequency of loss at 18q21-q22 (80%). Given the high incidence of 18q21-q22 deletions, we performed sequencing analysis of @entity1594 , a downstream component of the TGFbeta-pathway, located at 18q21. Four @entity5 displayed mutations in highly conserved domains of the gene indicating disruption of TGFbeta-signalling. Our data reveal complex genetic alterations in @entity5 . However, most @entity5 share deletions of 18q21-q22, which frequently target @entity1594 . This indicates that disruption of TGFbeta-signalling plays a critical role in small intestinal tumorigenesis.

title: Genetics of XXXX of the small intestine: frequent deletions at chromosome 18q and mutations of the @entity1594 gene.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['APC tumour', 'sporadic small intestinal carcinomas', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'sporadic adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancreatic stents can be used to treat a variety of acute and chronic @entity660 . Sporadic successful trials in @entity130 @entity1 have been reported. To our knowledge, however, a series with long-term follow-up has not previously been reported. We treated six @entity1 in a 6-year period and report the long-term results. METHODS: From February 1999 to February 2005, six @entity130 @entity1 with major @entity788 were treated with pancreatic duct stent at a single @entity130 center. Assessment of injury severity and diagnosis were based on abdominal computed tomography (CT) and proved by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP), with chart review used to establish mechanism of injury, timing of ERP, and stent placement, as well as the long-term outcome. RESULTS: Three of the six injuries were classified AAST grade III and three were grade IV; the interval to ERP with stent placement ranged from 8 hours to 22 days after the injury. One @entity1 developed @entity295 and died. One @entity1 's stent could be removed early (52 days post-stenting) with mild ductal stricture, whereas the other four were complicated by severe ductal stricture that required repeated and prolonged stenting treatment. Removal of the stents was only possible in three of these four cases (at 12, 19, and 39 months, respectively), with stent dislodgment in the pancreatic duct occurring in another. CONCLUSIONS: Stent therapy may avoid surgery in the acute @entity130 stage, and may be preserved as another choice for acute grade IV @entity660 . However, variant outcome and long-term ductal stricture reveal that the role of pancreatic duct stent is uncertain and may not be suitable for acute grade III @entity660 . However, it needs more clinical data to define the value in the acute blunt @entity660 .

title: Long-term results of endoscopic stent in the management of blunt major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic duct disruption']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury', 'pancreatic duct injury', 'pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt-trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic duct injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies on multicellular preparations have shown that hypertrophied cardiac muscle from the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) has a prolonged action potential. The first aim of the present study was to determine whether the action potential of isolated left ventricular myocytes was similarly prolonged and to study the underlying membrane currents that might be responsible. The second aim was to evaluate the L-type @entity460 current amplitude of SHR myocytes, as we have recently shown that they have an increased contraction and an increase in the @entity460 trigger entering via the L-type @entity460 channel might be one possible mechanism for this. METHODS: The electrophysiological characteristics of left ventricular myocytes isolated from the SHR were compared with those from normotensive control @entity35 . Action potentials were recorded with microelectrodes. Cells were voltage-clamped and the membrane currents elicited by steps to different potentials were analysed. Blockers of @entity972 and @entity460 currents were used to reveal the contribution made by these currents to net membrane currents. RESULTS: SHR myocytes had prolonged action potentials. The action potential duration of SHR myocytes at 90% repolarization was found to be longer, although at 20% and 50% repolarization no difference was found. There was no difference in the resting membrane potential between SHR and control myocytes. Using a voltage clamp we studied the L-type @entity460 current and @entity972 currents. The major change in SHR myocytes was a decrease in the magnitude (normalized to the membrane capacitance) of the inward rectifier @entity972 current elicited by negative potentials. There was no detectable difference in either the transient outward or delayed rectifier @entity972 currents. We also found no difference in the magnitude, time course or voltage dependence of L-type @entity460 current in hypertrophied SHR myocytes. CONCLUSIONS: First, the action potential of SHR myocytes was prolonged compared with control myocytes. Secondly, the main change in SHR myocytes was that pulses to negative potentials elicited a lower inward rectifier @entity972 current. A reduction in the density of inward rectifier channels might play a role in prolonging the SHR action potential, since a lower outward repolarizing current will flow through inward rectifier @entity972 channels during the SHR action potential repolarization. Thirdly, there was no difference in L-type @entity460 current density or time course between SHR and control myocytes. Thus, a change in L-type @entity460 current probably plays no role in causing the prolonged SHR action potential or the increased contraction of hypertrophied SHR ventricular myocytes. Finally, the prolonged action potential in SHR myocytes may itself be one factor responsible for the increased contraction of these cells.

title: The electrophysiological characteristics of hypertrophied ventricular myocytes from the spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. Two-pore domain K    (K(2P) ) channel expression influences brain development. The K(2P) channels, including two-pore domain acid-sensitive K    (TASK) channels, contribute to the setting of the resting membrane potential of neurons. In addition to neurons in the brain, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons also express K(2P) channels. The aim of the present study was to identify postnatal changes in the expression of TASK channels in DRG neurons. 2. Expression of TASK channels ( @entity23242 , @entity30879 and @entity30880 ) was compared between neonatal (postnatal Day (P) 1 or P2) and adult (P120) @entity35 DRG using semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, immunostaining and the patch-clamp technique. 3. In adult (P120) @entity35 DRG, expression of @entity30879 mRNA and protein was downregulated, whereas @entity30880 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated. There were no consistent changes in @entity23242 mRNA and protein expression. Single-channel recordings showed very low @entity30879 - and @entity30880 -like channel expression in P1-P2 DRG neurons (   10% in @entity30879 and    3% in @entity30880 ). In P120 DRG, there was a reduction in the detection of @entity30879 -like channels, whereas the detection of @entity30880 -like channels increased. 4. These results show that @entity30879 and @entity30880 mRNA and protein expression undergoes age-related changes in DRG neurons, indicating that @entity30879 and @entity30880 channels are likely to contribute to the setting of the resting membrane potential of DRG neurons in neonates and adults, separately or together, during DRG development.

title: Age-related changes in two-pore domain acid-sensitive K    channel expression in XXXX dorsal root ganglion neurons.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The history of particle clearance was studied in lungs of @entity19 serially sacrificed at intervals up to 14 months following single exposures to an aerosol of submicronic, particulate, @entity1933 used as a similitude for atmospheric dust. Clearance was followed by light microscopy in unstained and Prussian blue stained frozen and plastic embedded sections, as well as by electron microscopy, where @entity1933 can be recognized by its form. Related problems were investigated through histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in pulmonary lysosomes and Prussian blue staining of various tissues after administration of @entity68 compounds by @entity344 . The @entity68 particles settle extensively but not uniformly on pulmonary alveolar surfaces. Clearance is centripetal and involves two mechanisms, an extracellular mechanism fed by fluid currents sweeping across the surfcace, and cellular mechanism principally involving @entity133 . In the early post exposure period both actively remove deposited particles predominantly through the pulmonary airways. By 24 hours uncleared residues have become ingested and clearance thereafter results mainly from cellular action. Macrophages enter bronchial passages where they sometimes continue to pursue normal activities. A chronic phase of clearance begins when deposited particles become sequestered in macrophages of pulmonary connective tissues. These cells are reached by several routes, not least by crossing the bronchial epithelium. Particle clearance from these macrophages is very slow, and residue-containg cells eventually congregate in lymphoid tissues surrounding major bronchi. These findings are discussed as they help to develop an overall picture of clearance from the lungs and as they bear on related topics, such as functional roles of alveolar and pulmonary connective tissue macrophages and the pathogenesis of chronic @entity2488 .

title: Pathways of clearance in @entity19 lungs exposed to XXXX aerosols.

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial disease']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and vascular routes']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar macrophages']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: Among the nine Echinacea species, E. purpurea, E. angustifolia and E. pallida, have been widely used to treat the common cold, @entity281 . In this study, @entity1068 extracts of these three Echinacea species and E. paradoxa, including its typical variety, E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, were screened in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells to assess potential anti-inflammatory activity. E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, rich in @entity12365 / @entity51688 , was an especially efficient inhibitor of LPS-induced production of @entity842 (NO), @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), @entity635 ( @entity635 ) and @entity777 ( @entity777 ) by 46%, 32%, 53% and 26%, respectively, when tested at 20  g/ml in comparison to @entity3733 control. By bioactivity-guided fractionation, @entity51689 (Bauer @entity6178 23) and @entity51690 (Bauer @entity6178 24) from E. paradoxa var. paradoxa were found primarily responsible for inhibitory effects on NO and @entity1421 production. Moreover, Bauer @entity6178 24 was the major contributor to inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-induced @entity19 macrophage cells. These results provide a rationale for exploring the medicinal effects of the Bauer @entity6178 -rich taxon, E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, and confirm the anti-inflammatory properties of Bauer @entity16623 23 and 24.

title: Bauer @entity16623 23 and 24 from Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced XXXX , @entity1421 and cytokines in RAW264.7 @entity19 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity51688 :: ('MESH:D053279', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacetylenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['flu and other infections']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether @entity10976 (DZR) given after a cumulative @entity632 dose of 300 mg/m2 confers cardioprotection in @entity1 with @entity0 treated with @entity1487 , @entity632 , and @entity786 (FAC). @entity1 AND METHODS: In two multicenter studies (088001 and 088006), @entity1 were randomized to receive FAC and placebo ( @entity1989 ) versus FAC and DZR. After a protocol amendment, all @entity1 received open-label DZR after they had reached a cumulative @entity632 dose of 300 mg/m2. Two groups were compared: 99 @entity1 randomized to the @entity1989 arms before the amendment who received FAC and @entity1989 for at least seven courses ( @entity1989 group), and 102 @entity1 randomized to the @entity1989 arms after the amendment who received FAC and @entity1989 for six courses followed by open-label DZR ( @entity1989 /DZR group). RESULTS: The hazards ratio of @entity1989 to @entity1989 /DZR was 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 to 5.7; P < .001, logrank and generalized Wilcoxon tests) for the @entity632 dose at any @entity299 , ejection fraction changes, or @entity712 ( @entity712 ). The hazards ratio of @entity1989 to @entity1989 /DZR was 13.1 (95% CI, 3.7 to 46.0; P < .001, logrank and generalized Wilcoxon tests) for the @entity632 dose at the development of @entity712 . The overall incidence of @entity712 in the @entity1989 /DZR group was 3%, compared with 22% in the @entity1989 group (P < .001, Fisher's exact test). Twenty-six percent of @entity1989 /DZR @entity1 received at least 15 courses of therapy, compared with 5% of @entity1 in the @entity1989 group. These results do not appear to be attributable to a time trend. CONCLUSION: DZR is a highly effective cardioprotective agent when used in @entity1 with @entity0 who continue to receive @entity632 -based chemotherapy after a cumulative @entity632 dose of 300 mg/m2 has been reached.

title: Delayed administration of @entity10976 provides cardioprotection for XXXX with @entity0 treated with @entity632 -containing therapy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity10976 :: ('MESH:D011929', 'Chemical') :: ['dexrazoxane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the protective effect of oral @entity441 on @entity647 . METHODS: Thirty adult, male @entity35 each weighing 180-210 g were used and divided into 3 groups: the @entity441 -lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- @entity5828 group (n=10), the LPS- @entity441 - @entity5828 group (n=10), and the placebo group (n=10). All the @entity35 were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 5 mg/kg LPS, and @entity441 (30 mg/kg) was orally administered 1 h before and 14 h after LPS injection into the @entity441 -LPS- @entity5828 and the LPS- @entity441 - @entity5828 groups, respectively; the placebo group received nothing. Sixteen hours after LPS injection, all the animals were anesthetized and the femoral artery was cannulated. All the @entity35 received a direct intratracheal (IT) injection of @entity5828 (pH 1.2; 0.5 mL/kg). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood gas concentrations were measured. Fifteen @entity35 (5 in each group, respectively) underwent a micro positron emission tomography (microPET) scan of the thorax 4 h after @entity5828 instillation. The wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio determination and histopathological examination were also performed. RESULTS: The @entity35 in the LPS- @entity441 - @entity5828 group had a lower @entity419 uptake compared with the @entity35 in the placebo group (4.67+/-1.33 vs 9.01+/-1.58, respectively, P<0.01). The @entity35 in the LPS- @entity441 - @entity5828 group also had a lower histological @entity651 score (8.20+/-1.23 vs 12.6+/-0.97, respectively, P<0.01) and W/D weight ratio (5.335+/-0.198 vs 5.886+/-0.257, respectively, P<0.01) compared to the placebo group. The @entity35 in this group also showed better pulmonary gas exchange and more stable mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION: @entity441 provides a significant protective effect on @entity647 in @entity35 induced first by LPS ip injection and then by @entity5828 IT instillation.

title: Protective effect of XXXX on lipopolysaccharide and acid- induced @entity647 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'Raloxifene']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity441 :: (MESH:D020849,Chemical) :: ['raloxifene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The genetic basis of most @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ), especially non-syndromic and non-familial conditions, remains largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: DNA samples were collected from immortalized cell lines and original genomes of 256 non-syndromic, non-familial @entity1 with cardiac outflow tract (OFT) defects. Genes encoding @entity21505 , @entity15774 , @entity43289 , @entity6998 , and @entity15866 , essential for heart development, were analyzed using PCR-based bidirectional sequencing. The transcriptional activity of proteins with identified sequence variations was analyzed using a luciferase assay. A novel sequence variant ( @entity50603 in @entity6998 ) was identified, in addition to 4 unreported non-synonymous sequence variants in 3 known causative genes ( @entity56441 in @entity21505 , @entity56442 and @entity56443 in @entity15774 , and @entity53337 in @entity43289 ) in 5 individuals. None of these was found in 500 controls without @entity4297 . In vitro functional assay showed that all proteins with identified sequence variations exhibited significant changes in transcriptional activity and/or synergistic activity with other transcription factors. Furthermore, overexpression of the @entity50603 @entity6998 variant in a fish system disturbed early cardiac development. CONCLUSIONS: New mutations in the transcription factors @entity21505 , @entity15774 , @entity43289 , and @entity6998 that affect their protein function were identified in 2.3% (6/256) of @entity1 with @entity154 . Our results provide the first demonstration of @entity6998 mutation and suggest that disturbances in the regulatory circuits involving these cardiac transcription factors may cause a subset of @entity4297 .

title: Genetic analysis of essential cardiac transcription factors in 256 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['OFT defects']

entities_list: @entity56441 :: ('p|SUB|A|6|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A6V']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHDs', 'congenital heart defects', 'non-syndromic and non-familial CHDs']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['non-syndromic congenital heart defects']


abstract: Interactions between @entity311 parasite clones within @entity325 can have a profound effect on transmission and therefore the epidemiology of the disease. However, factors which determine the relative transmission success of individual clones from @entity325 are unknown. We have used two clones of the rodent @entity311 @entity21552 to investigate changes in the clonal composition of @entity4801 over the course of @entity325 in @entity19 and how these relate to the clonal composition of transmission (oocyst) populations in mosquitoes. Clonal composition was determined using monoclonal antibody analyses for the asexual blood stage populations and PCR analysis of single oocysts for the transmission populations in mosquitoes. The relative frequency of the two clones changed dramatically during the course of the @entity281 in @entity19 , depending on their ratio in the inoculum. The clonal composition of parasites within mosquitoes most closely resembled that in the @entity281 at the time of transmission rather than that at any point earlier in the @entity281 . These results provide no evidence that clones increase rates of gametocytogenesis in response to competitive suppression. Most likely, transmission success follows from asexual success in the later parts of the @entity281 . The clone which dominated the earlier part of the @entity281 , when most parasites are produced, did not necessarily dominate the transmission from the @entity281 . The two clones differed in competitive ability and the data suggest that interactions with the host immune system may be a major factor in determining transmission success from @entity325 .

title: Determinants of transmission success of individual clones from @entity325 of the rodent @entity311 parasite, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21552 :: ('5825', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium chabaudi']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'asexual infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed-clone infections', 'mixed infections']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['asexual parasites']

answer: @entity21552 :: (5825,Species) :: ['Plasmodium chabaudi']


abstract: @entity632 (DR) and @entity1259 (ER) produce progressive tissue @entity39 when extravasation occurs. Early detection and excision of all affected tissue is important. The clinical experience with fluorescence microscopic guided detection and excision in 24 @entity1 is evaluated. 9 @entity1 with fluorescence negative specimens were kept under observation without excision. None developed @entity39 . Wide excision was performed on 15 @entity1 with fluorescence positive specimens. Sequelae, defined as impaired function of the affected limb at the last control examination in the out- @entity1 clinic, were observed in 8 @entity1 . 4 of 5 @entity1 with extravasation in the hand and 2 of 3 with extravasation in the cubital fossa were among these. Delay, defined as time from injury to surgery, was a median of 7 h, range from 3 h to 69 days. @entity1 developing sequelae had a median delay of roughly 4-fold that of @entity1 without these complications. @entity1 with extravasation in the cubital fossa were hospitalised for the longest period: 30 days, range 24-45 days, vs. 12 days, range 7-80 days, for those with extravasation at other sites (P < 0.03). Our conclusions are: (1) fluorescence microscopic analysis is a reliable method for the detection and delineation of extravasation of DR or ER. (2) Do not use the cubital fossa or hand for the infusion of these cytostatics. (3) Act promptly if extravasation is suspected--delay leads to sequelae.

title: Clinical results after XXXX extravasation treated with excision guided by fluorescence microscopy.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: While distinct precursors committed to a neuronal or glial cell fate are generated from neural crest cells early in peripheral gangliogenesis, little is known about the subsequent generation and maturation of young satellite glia from restricted glial precursor cells. To examine the division and migration of glial precursor cells and their satellite cell progeny, morphological, immunocytochemical and culture techniques were applied to the developing @entity35 superior cervical ganglion. At embryonic day (E)18.5, numerous clusters of nonneuronal cells appeared transiently in the ganglion. Individual cells with a similar morphology were present in E16.5 ganglia, and are likely to represent the precursor cells which generate these clusters. The clustered cells were distinguishable from neighbouring neurons as well as from endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Morphologically similar cells were present in nerve bundles at E18.5 and surrounding principal neurons and nerve bundles in the adult ganglion. Double-label studies of the E18.5 ganglion with @entity669 hydroxylase to identify noradrenergic neurons and @entity2667 counterstaining to visualize all cell nuclei revealed that the cells in clusters stained with @entity2667 but lacked @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactivity. To determine if cell clusters arose from division, @entity1603 , a @entity1014 analogue, was administered to pregnant mothers between E16.5-E18.5, and ganglionic cells examined at E18.5 both in vivo and in vitro. Numerous non-neuronal cells divided during this period in situ and composed portions of clusters. When dissociated, superior cervical ganglion satellite glia reacted with an NGF-receptor antibody (MAb 217c) and possessed a flattened shape, in contrast to bipolar Schwann cells. Over half of the 217c-immunoreactive glia at E18.5 had incorporated @entity1603 during E16.5-18.5 in vivo. At birth, non-neuronal cells were no longer grouped in clusters, but were associated with neuronal cell bodies and processes. These findings suggest that, between E16.5-E18.5, glial precursors divide rapidly to form clusters, and that, after the peak of neurogenesis, daughter cells migrate within the ganglion to associate with nerve cell bodies and processes where proliferation continues at a slower rate. Distinct cellular and molecular interactions are likely to trigger the initial rapid division of glial precursors, initiate their migration and association with neuron cell bodies, and control their subsequent slower division.

title: Division and migration of satellite glia in the embryonic XXXX superior cervical ganglion.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine', 'bromodeoxy-uridine']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of 100 @entity1 with @entity3580 of the lumbar spine and sacrum. Twenty-three @entity1 had flow cytometry data available and a minimum follow-up period of 5 years. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether DNA content and cell cycle analysis were associated with @entity1 outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: DNA flow cytometry has been shown to be predictive for biologic behavior of various @entity5 . @entity3580 has been evaluated in very small numbers of @entity1 using DNA flow cytometric analysis, and the utility of DNA patterns in predicting outcome has not been clearly demonstrated. METHODS: Between January 1979 and December 1995, 100 @entity1 underwent surgical resection for @entity3580 , and 23 had a minimum follow-up period of 5 years with flow cytometry data. DNA content and cell cycle analysis were determined by enzymatically staining cells with @entity2667 dye and passing them through a flow cytometer. DNA histograms were generated. Survivorship and freedom from local recurrence curves were constructed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 7.3 years. For this group of 23 @entity1 , mortality was 61% (14 @entity1 ) and local recurrence was 78% (18 @entity1 ). Eleven @entity1 had @entity5 with diploid DNA content, and 12 @entity1 had @entity5 with aneuploid DNA content. @entity3 occurred in 4 of the 11 @entity1 with a diploid pattern and 6 of the 12 with an aneuploid pattern. Six of the 11 @entity1 with the diploid pattern died, in comparison with 8 of 12 @entity1 with the aneuploid pattern. The Kaplan-Meier estimated survivorship (95% confidence interval) was 78% (66-90%) at a follow-up period of 5 years and 36% at a follow-up period of 10 years (22-50%), and no significant differences were found between @entity1 with diploid and aneuploid patterns. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in whom metastases did not develop had a more favorable clinical outcome. DNA pattern was not associated with local recurrence or survival.

title: Clinical outcome in XXXX : utility of flow cytometry in DNA determination.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordoma', 'Chordoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: In this prospective study we analysed the oncological and functional results of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) to find out if it was suitable as a minimally invasive treatment for @entity5 . Between April 2008 and September 2011, 39 @entity1 with @entity5 were treated by TORS. We assessed overall and disease-free survival by the Kaplan-Meier test, and we used videopharyngography and the functional outcome swallowing scale (FOSS) to evaluate swallowing. We used nasometry to estimate @entity2422 , and acoustic waveform analysis to evaluate the voice. Thirty-seven @entity1 (95%) had histologically clear margins of resection. Overall survival at 2 years was 96% and disease-free survival 92%. An oral diet was tolerable after a mean of 6 (range 1-18) days. No serious swallowing difficulties were seen on the videopharyngogram. Thirty-six of 38 @entity1 could swallow well (97%) with FOSS scores ranging from 0 to 2 (1 @entity1 had a poor score but was able to take an oral diet after postural training). Voices were maintained close to the normal range on the acoustic waveform analysis. The oncological and functional results of TORS were quite acceptable for the treatment of @entity5 . TORS is a valid treatment for selected @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Oncological and functional outcomes of transoral robotic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2422 :: ('MESH:C537724', 'Disease') :: ['hypernasality']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. We compared the functional performance of @entity1 with @entity72 ( @entity72 ), @entity717 ( @entity717 ), and without disabilities using the revised Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test ( @entity2196 ) Social/Cognitive, Daily Activities, and Responsibility domains. METHOD. A nationally representative sample of parents of @entity1 ages 0-21 without disabilities (n = 2,205), with @entity72 (n = 108), or with @entity717 (n = 150) completed an online survey. We obtained predicted @entity2196 scaled scores for three reference ages (5, 10, 15) from a modified analysis of covariance model and compared each group's scores using contrasts of the regression parameters. RESULTS. We found no significant differences between the @entity72 and @entity717 groups. The group with @entity72 demonstrated significantly lower performance than the group without disabilities across the three domains at ages 10 and 15. CONCLUSION. Scores on the @entity2196 differentiated the group with @entity72 from the group without disabilities. @entity1 with @entity72 and @entity717 did not demonstrate different performance profiles.

title: Comparing the functional performance of @entity1 and youths with autism, XXXX , and no disability using the revised pediatric evaluation of disability inventory item banks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual and developmental disabilities', 'IDD']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['developmental disabilities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of systemic antibiotics on the treatment of @entity1180 ( @entity1180 ) is debated. The objective of this study was to determine the etiologic diagnosis of @entity1180 in patients receiving antibiotics. METHODS: @entity1 mechanically ventilated for more than or equal to 72 h, who had persistent @entity221 while on antibiotics for more than or equal to 48 h, underwent computed tomography scan followed by transnasal puncture of involved maxillary sinuses. @entity1180 was defined as follows: @entity221 greater than or equal to 38 degrees C, radiographic signs (air fluid level or opacification of maxillary sinuses on computed tomography scan), and a quantitative culture of sinus aspirate yielding more than or equal to 103 colony-forming units/ml. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 had radiographic signs of @entity1244 . The mean +/- SD prior durations of mechanical ventilation and antibiotic exposure were 9.5 +/- 4.7 days and 6 +/- 4 days, respectively. Six unilateral and nine bilateral @entity1180 were diagnosed in 15 @entity1 . The median number of etiologic organisms per @entity1 was two (range, one to four). The bacteriologic cultures yielded gram-positive bacteria (n = 21), gram-negative bacteria (n = 22), and @entity375 (n = 5). Forty percent of causative agents were susceptible to the antibiotics prescribed. Seven @entity1 with @entity1180 developed 10 concomitant infections: @entity2489 (n = 5), @entity293 (n = 3), @entity1212 (n = 2). In all cases of @entity2489 , the implicated agents were the causative agents of @entity1180 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1180 patients on antibiotics, quantitative cultures of sinus aspirates may contribute to establish the diagnosis. The frequent recovery of microorganisms susceptible to the antimicrobial treatment administered suggests that therapy of @entity1180 with systemic antibiotics may not be sufficient.

title: Ventilator-associated XXXX : microbiological results of sinus aspirates in patients on antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infections']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated infectious maxillary sinusitis', 'VAIMS']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is a clinical syndrome, in which authors indicate a surgical exploration of the scrotum. We retrospectively analyzed the group of 354 @entity1 in 10 years (1997-2006) to compare the preoperative findings with the diagnosis of surgical exploration. The aim was to actualize diagnostics and therapeutic management. @entity1 AND METHODS: We focused on the age of @entity1 , incidence of nosological units of @entity697 and preoperative and surgical diagnosis. RESULTS: 334 @entity1 were operated on from the whole group - 354 @entity1 . Most frequent incidence of @entity697 was in the age group 8-12 (55%). Torsion of testicular appendix or epididymis is the most frequent cause of @entity697 in our group - 204, 59%. In this group of @entity1 ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis only in 120 @entity1 , 65%. @entity4115 was managed in 74 @entity1 (30 neonates), in 40 of them we decided, mostly at the second look operation after 48-72 hours, for testicle ablation caused by the organ avitality. In all @entity1 with testicular torsion ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis, 100%. In 10 @entity1 we found @entity5 . In the group of 334 @entity1 operated on, there were no serious complications. DISCUSSION: @entity4115 and @entity5 are the units in which the surgical exploration is performed without discussion. Beside that, torsion of the testicular or epididymic appendix is the most frequent occurring diagnosis. There is a group of surgeons, who performed in this unit conservative management. CONCLUSIONS: after the analysis of the group of our @entity1 we actualized the guidelines used in the management of @entity697 in @entity1 . Urgent surgical exploration in @entity1 with @entity697 still seems to be the method of choice.

title: [ XXXX is a condition requiring surgical intervention].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Acute scrotum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular tumor']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular torsion']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute scrotum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. To analyse outcomes of @entity1 who underwent emergency gastrectomy for complicated peptic @entity1066 . DESIGN. Prognostic study on a historical cohort. SETTING. A regional hospital in Hong Kong. @entity1 . @entity1 who underwent emergency gastrectomy from 2000 to 2009 in our hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Primary outcome measures were in-hospital mortality and the predictors of such deaths. Secondary outcome measures were 7-day mortality, 30-day mortality, and morbidities. RESULTS. In all, 112 @entity1 had emergency gastrectomies performed for complicated peptic @entity1066 during the study period. In-hospital mortality was 30%. In the univariate analysis, old age, duodenal @entity1066 , failed primary surgery, gastrojejunostomy @entity254 for reconstruction, hand-sewn technique for duodenal stump closure, use of a sump drain, low haemoglobin level, preoperative blood transfusion, prolonged prothrombin time, and high @entity1011 or @entity648 levels were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. In the multivariate analysis, failed primary surgery, old age, and high @entity1011 level turned out to be independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS. Emergency gastrectomy should be considered seriously as the primary treatment option in appropriately selected elderly @entity1 , instead of salvage procedures to repair a perforation or control bleeding by plication.

title: Early outcome after emergency gastrectomy for complicated peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer disease']


abstract: 1. A @entity1 with occasional attacks of @entity4053 had levels of serum immunoreactive insulin persistently fifty to one-hundred times the normal value. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed presence of monoclonal IgG in his serum. The @entity1 's diagnosis was established as @entity706 proximate to multiple @entity1582 ; @entity9608 was not found. 2. On gel filtration of native serum, only part of the total immunoreactivity was found in the elution position of crystalline insulin; the major part emerged in the early fractions together with the large proteins. After acidification of the serum, however, practically the entire immunoreactivity was recovered in @entity1068 extracts and proved to be "little @entity2690 on gel filtration. Only, "little @entity2690 was also detected after gel filtration of serum incubated with urea. 3. It is suggested that the large component with insulin immunoreactivity obtained in gel filtration of native serum is an insulin-protein complex. The nature of the presumed complex is not clear. It is not a complex of the antigen-antibody type. Insulin "trapping" by monoclonal gamma globulin is considered.

title: Inordinately high levels of serum immunoreactive insulin in monoclonal immunoglobulinemia (on the problem of "big, big XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['paraproteinemic lymphoid and plasmocytic reticulosis']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin"']


abstract: Gut-derived factors in intestinal lymph have been shown to trigger myocardial contractile dysfunction. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the effects of physiologically relevant concentrations of mesenteric lymph collected from @entity35 with 40% @entity130 (burn lymph) on excitation-contraction coupling in @entity35 ventricular myocytes. Burn lymph (0.1-5%), but not control mesenteric lymph from sham-burn animals, induced dual positive and negative inotropic effects depending on the concentrations used. At lower concentrations (<0.5%), burn lymph increased the amplitude of myocyte contraction (1.6 +/- 0.3-fold; n = 12). At higher concentrations (>0.5%), burn lymph initially enhanced myocyte contraction, which was followed by a block of contraction. These effects were partially reversible on washout. The initial positive inotropic effect was associated with a prolongation of action potential duration (measured at 90% repolarization, 2.5 +/- 0.6-fold; n = 10), leading to significant increases in the net @entity141 influx (1.7 +/- 0.1-fold; n = 8). There were no significant changes in the resting membrane potential. The negative inotropic effect was accompanied by a decrease in the action potential plateau (overshoot decrease by 69 +/- 10%; n = 4) and membrane depolarization. Voltage-clamp experiments revealed that the positive inotropic effects of burn lymph were due to an inhibition of the transient outward K+ currents that prolong action potential duration, and the inhibitory effects were due to a concentration-dependent inhibition of @entity141 currents that lead to a reduction of action potential plateau. These burn lymph-induced changes in cardiac myocyte @entity141 handling can contribute to burn-induced contractile dysfunction and ultimately to @entity712 .

title: Dual effects of mesenteric lymph isolated from XXXX with @entity130 on contractile function in @entity35 ventricular myocytes.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Information is lacking on the prevalence and susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in @entity235 and @entity468 with suspected @entity66 . OBJECTIVES: To characterize the prevalence, identity, and antimicrobial susceptibility of common hepatobiliary isolates from such @entity1 . ANIMALS: @entity235 and @entity468 presented to the University of Wisconsin-Madison Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for which samples of bile, gallbladder, or liver were submitted for culture from 1998 to 2003, including 190 @entity235 (192 culture episodes) and 58 @entity468 (61 culture episodes). METHODS: Cases were identified from the microbiology laboratory database. Data from @entity1 medical records were extracted, including the history of antimicrobial administration, the presence of fever, the results of CBC and serum biochemistry, the presence of @entity32 , and the results of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures and aerobic antimicrobial susceptibilities. RESULTS: Biliary cultures yielded a significantly higher percentage of positive results overall (30% [18 of 60]) than did hepatic cultures (7% [15 of 215]). In @entity1 with @entity2679 , 62% (8 of 13) had positive biliary cultures. In @entity1 with @entity99 , 23% (7 of 30) had positive bile cultures, whereas only 6% (6 of 103) had positive hepatic cultures. @entity526 , Enterococcus spp., Bacteroides spp., Streptococcus spp., and Clostridium spp. were the most common true-positive isolates. More than 80% of Enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to @entity2177 or @entity581 , with only 30-67% susceptible to first-generation aminopenicillins and @entity2886 . Liver samples obtained by surgery or laparoscopy were more likely to yield positive cultures than those obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy.

title: Bacterial culture results from liver, gallbladder, or bile in 248 @entity235 and @entity468 evaluated for XXXX : 1998-2003.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction or hepatobiliary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary disease']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['hepatobiliary disease']


abstract: The objective was to assess the efficacy of the @entity3303 2. 5%/ @entity5403 2.5% combination cream during @entity515 laser vaporisation treatment of @entity1082 -related @entity75 . The cream was applied 1 to 30 min beforehand. @entity1 assessed @entity158 using a visual analogue scale. Regardless of the site and lesion surface area, anaesthesia was greatest when the cream was applied 5 to 15 min before treatment. @entity75 (vagina, vulva, perineum, anus) were globally less @entity158 . Lesion surface area is a decisive factor in pre-operative anaesthesia. Small surface-area lesions (< 1 cm2) had significantly greater anaesthesia than larger surface area-lesions (> 5 cm2) (p<0.00001). The study cream proved particularly useful for complete anaesthesia in ambulatory treatment of anal (70%) and urethral (60%) @entity75 compared to the uterine cervix (p = 0.03). In terms of anaesthetic efficacy and cost-related benefits, the @entity3303 / @entity5403 cream is an effective and interesting alternative to locoregional intra-lesional anaesthesia or even to general anaesthesia, for excision and destruction of @entity1082 -related @entity75 .

title: Local anesthesia of genital mucosa with a @entity3303 / XXXX combination cream before laser therapy of @entity1082 lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Extra-cervical lesions', 'mucosa lesions', 'anogenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful than cervical lesions', 'pain']

answer: @entity5403 :: (MESH:D011318,Chemical) :: ['prilocaine']


abstract: In a multicenter phase II Italian trial that used a 28-day dosing schedule of @entity136 on days 1, 8, and 15 and @entity900 on day 2, @entity882 and @entity1398 were the main dose-limiting @entity137 observed. The aim of the present study was to determine whether using 15-day @entity900 in lieu of the standard 2-day schedule in combination with weekly @entity136 would decrease expected myelotoxicities, particularly @entity882 . Fifty-one @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), a median age of 62 years (range 31-76) and baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scores of 0-1, were enrolled. Twenty-four @entity1 had stage IIIA-B disease and 27 had stage IV. @entity1 received @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 15, and @entity900 100 mg/m(2) on day-15, every 28 days for a total of 151 cycles. All @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 . Grades 3 and 4 @entity882 was observed in 16% of @entity1 , grades 3 and 4 @entity1398 in 35% of @entity1 , and grade 3 @entity417 in 4% of @entity1 (no grade 4 @entity417 ). Nonhematologic @entity137 was mild. Two @entity1 had grade 3 @entity391 , and another had grade 4 hepatic @entity137 only after @entity136 administration. The dose intensity of @entity136 and @entity900 was well maintained. Of the 45 @entity1 evaluable for response, there were 22 (49%) partial responders, 7 (15.5%) minimal responders, 9 (20%) with stable disease, and 7 (15.5%) progressions. Compared with the schedule used in a multicenter phase II Italian trial (day 2 @entity900 ), day-15 @entity900 decreases incidences of @entity882 (16 vs. 52%) and @entity417 (4 vs. 25%); the occurrence of @entity1398 is similar (35 vs. 36%). Response rates are also similar (49 vs. 54%).

title: Decreased myelotoxicity of @entity136 and @entity900 in advanced @entity1149 ( XXXX ) with @entity900 infusion on day 15.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: In this study we have analyzed the effects of a glucoamylase gene fusion on the mRNA levels and protein levels for the @entity1 @entity650 gene (hil6) and the guar alpha-galactosidase gene (aglA). Previously it was shown that production of nonfused alpha-galactosidase and @entity650 in @entity11150 awamori was limited at transcriptional and (post)translational levels, respectively (R. J. Gouka, P. J. Punt, J. G. M. Hessing, and C. A. M. J. J. van den Hondel, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:1951-1957, 1996). Vectors were constructed which contained either the hil6 or aglA gene fused to the @entity11150 glucoamylase gene (glaA) under control of the efficient 1,4-beta-endoxylanase A promoter and transcription terminator. For comparison, the vectors were integrated in a single copy at the pyrG locus of A. awamori. A glaA fusion to the 5' end of the hil6 gene resulted in a large increase in @entity650 yield, whereas with a glaA fusion to the 3' end of the hil6 gene, almost no protein was produced. Nevertheless, the steady-state mRNA levels of both fusions were very similar and not clearly increased compared to those of a strain expressing nonfused @entity650 . Fusions of glaA to the 5' end of the wild-type guar aglA gene resulted in truncated mRNA lacking almost 900 bases (> 80%) of the aglA sequence. When the coding sequence of the wild-type aglA gene was replaced by a synthetic aglA gene with optimized @entity375 codon usage, full-length mRNA was obtained. Compared to a nonfused synthetic aglA gene, a glaA fusion with the synthetic aglA gene resulted in a 25-fold increase in the mRNA level and, as a consequence, a similar increase in the alpha-galactosidase protein level. The truncated transcripts derived from the wild-type aglA gene were further analyzed by nuclear run-on transcription assays. These experiments indicated that transcription elongation in the nucleus proceeded at least 400 bases downstream of the site where the truncation was determined, indicating that transcription elongation or premature termination was not the reason for the generation of truncated mRNAs. As the truncated mRNA also contained a poly(A) tail, truncation most likely occurs by incorrect processing of the aglA mRNA in the nucleus.

title: Glucoamylase gene fusions alleviate limitations for protein production in XXXX awamori at the transcriptional and (post) translational levels.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger', 'Aspergillus']

answer: @entity11150 :: (5061,Species) :: ['Aspergillus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to determine if damage to the myocardial collagen network was the cause of @entity1188 expansion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using polarized light microscopy, we examined sections from @entity35 hearts obtained at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after permanent @entity1563 . Three features of the collagen network likely to be important in resisting @entity1188 expansion were assessed: collagen quality, collagen quantity, and collagen organization. We observed a decrease in the number of normally birefringent collagen fibers in the @entity1188 as early as 1 day after @entity1188 . This decrease correlated significantly with time (r = -0.989, p less than 0.001). In addition, we found that the fewer normally birefringent collagen fibers present, the greater the degree of @entity1188 expansion (assessed by measurement of total left ventricular cross-sectional area). At 4 days after @entity1188 , we noted a loss of intermyocyte collagen struts and loss of interstitial space. These changes coincided with the onset of pronounced @entity1188 expansion. The loss of collagen struts is consistent with the concept that expansion proceeds via slippage of myocytes previously tethered by the struts. The loss of interstitial space may represent the resolution of @entity4 , which could further weaken the ventricular wall. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation of @entity1188 expansion with collagen damage and the loss of support provided by collagen struts suggest that collagen is important in maintaining structural integrity after acute @entity583 .

title: Role of collagen in acute XXXX expansion.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: Among the drug combinations designed for the initial treatment of @entity1582 , none has been unequivocally shown to be superior. However, a regimen leading to a high response rate and a low incidence of adverse events is highly desirable. We report the results of a phase II clinical trial involving 45 @entity1 with @entity34 . @entity632 and @entity619 were given for 2 or 3 months followed by @entity2816 and @entity619 for 2 months ( @entity8527 regimen) with prophylactic antibiotics and daily @entity117 (81 mg/d). Among the 42 @entity1 whose response could be assessed, 38 responded to therapy (90.5%). The intent-to-treat response rate was 84.4% with seven complete responses (CR 15.5%), nine near complete responses ( @entity14078 20.0%), and 22 partial responses (PR 48.9%). Two @entity1 had stable disease (4.4%), and two progression of disease (4.4%). Normalization of the free light chain ratio after one or two cycles of treatment was highly predictive of achievement of CR or @entity14078 . @entity1 tolerated the treatment well although five @entity1 developed @entity1031 complications (11%). @entity8527 administered with low dose @entity117 for deep vein @entity715 prophylaxis was well tolerated and yielded a high response rate with minimal treatment-related morbidity.

title: XXXX and @entity619 followed by @entity2816 and @entity619 is an effective well tolerated initial therapy for @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Durie-Salmon stage II and III multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: The effect of herpes @entity778 on @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells and herpes-virus-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells on @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells was studied as a model of herpes-associated @entity9374 . After infection of @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells with native herpes virus and overnight culture, 60%--90% of @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells showed cytopathic effects. HLA class I molecules and @entity2279 ( @entity2279 ) surface expression in herpes-virus-infected endothelial cells were substantially downregulated, whereas @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) remained unchanged. Cocultivation with herpes-virus-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells left characteristic plaques on the @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cell monolayer; however, very few @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells (1%--3%) were infected. Adhesion molecule expression of @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells cocultivated with herpes-virus-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated a 5-fold increase in @entity2071 expression, a 2-fold increase in HLA class I expression, but no change of @entity2279 by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Incubation of @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells with ultraviolet-C irradiated herpes-virus-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells had no effect on morphology or adhesion molecule expression levels. Changes of adhesion molecule expression by direct infection or cocultivation with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (with native and ultraviolet-C inactivated herpes @entity778 ) were also documented at the mRNA level. Adhesion assays demonstrated an increased binding of herpes-virus-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells versus noninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells to noninfected @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Our results suggest that incubation of herpes-virus-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells with @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells induces significant upregulation of @entity2071 and major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in the surrounding noninfected @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells, which is associated with an increased binding of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our in vitro findings may serve as a model for herpes-associated @entity9374 possibly explaining the dermal inflammatory reaction seen in that condition.

title: Interaction of HSV-1 infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells with cultured dermal microvascular endothelial cells: a potential model for the pathogenesis of HSV-1 induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity9374 :: ('MESH:D004892', 'Disease') :: ['erythema multiforme']

answer: @entity9374 :: (MESH:D004892,Disease) :: ['erythema multiforme']


abstract: The role for the metabolism of @entity4023 in the repair process is uncertain. Fetal dermal wounds do not heal by scarring and have sustained high levels of @entity4023 . In contrast, adult dermis is repaired by scarring and has less @entity4023 . Initially after injury, @entity4023 is elevated in both adult and fetal wounds, and although it remains elevated in fetal repair, it is rapidly degraded in adult wounds. The chronic addition of @entity4023 or hyaluronidase to @entity4832 sponge implants in adult @entity19 was investigated in this study. @entity4832 sponge implants containing a central reservoir were placed subcutaneously in the dorsum of adult male @entity2659 @entity19 . @entity19 were divided into three groups: a @entity1391 -buffered saline control, a 20 microgram @entity4023 treatment group, and a 10 U hyaluronidase treatment group. The central reservoir of each sponge implant received appropriate compound every 3 days for 2 weeks via transdermal injection and were then evaluated histologically. At 2 weeks, the cellular density and the quantity of granulation tissue deposition were the greatest in the hyaluronidase group and were lowest in the @entity4023 group. In addition, the organization of collagen fiber bundles was the most dense in the hyaluronidase group and least in the @entity4023 group. In a second experiment, @entity4832 sponge implants in @entity19 received either @entity1391 -buffered saline solution or 20 microgram @entity4023 every 3 days for 1 week. On day 5, an aliquot of fluorescently tagged native collagen was injected into the sponges. Sponges were harvested at day 7, cryosections made, and the presence of autofluorescent collagen fibers assessed. The autofluorescent collagen fiber bundles in the @entity1391 -buffered saline solution group were organized in thick parallel bundles, whereas the collagen bundles from @entity4023 -treated implants were organized in fine lacelike structures. Chronic addition of @entity4023 appears to mimic the fetal dermal connective tissue matrix in which repair proceeds with diminished collagen deposition, organized in finer collagen fiber bundles in granulation tissue. On the other hand, the removal of @entity4023 by the chronic administration of hyaluronidase increases the amount of granulation tissue. Elevated levels of @entity4023 in granulation tissue appear to modulate the ability of resident fibroblasts to organize collagen fiber bundles.

title: Repeated additions of hyaluronan alters granulation tissue deposition in sponge implants in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol', 'Polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The aim was to assess radiographic features of @entity358 in @entity5636 and to reveal confounding factors in their detection. A total of 501 @entity5636 @entity1 were followed up between 1982 and 2003. Sixty @entity358 were pathologically confirmed in 54 (10.8%) @entity1 . Two radiologists reviewed serial radiographs of these @entity1 to determine radiographic features of @entity5 (size, margin, nodule or consolidation, localization, overlying structures) and @entity5636 (profusion of pneumoconiotic @entity231 , @entity82 ( @entity82 ), @entity3329 ). @entity5 were radiographically negative. Forty-nine @entity5 were retrospectively visible with radiograph. Of these, 15 @entity5 were clinically detected with radiograph, but 25 were missed. The remaining nine @entity5 became radiographically positive after positive sputum cytology. There were no differences between missed and detected nodules in terms of radiographic findings. The mean @entity5 size was 30mm (range: 15-90mm) and was significantly larger in @entity1 with @entity82 or @entity3329 than in those without (35mm vs. 24mm, p=0.006; 33mm vs. 24mm, p=0.038, respectively). This was correlated with background profusion of small pneumoconiotic @entity231 (r=0.433, p=0.024). Retrospective reading tests by three radiologists showed correct localization of @entity5 in 75%, however, the correct diagnosis with a high confidence was reached in only 54%. In conclusion, radiographic detection of @entity5 in @entity5636 proved a difficult task and no single radiographic finding was found to be associated with missing the @entity5 . The presence of @entity82 , @entity3329 and profusion of small pneumoconiotic nodules affected @entity5 size at detection.

title: XXXX in @entity5636 : factors associated with radiographic detection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['hilar lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['PMF', 'progressive massive fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Eleven tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary malignancies']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary malignancy']


abstract: The primary objective of this phase II study was to access the complete response (CR) rate to a new innovative induction regimen in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 (LA-HNC). From October 2000 until October 2003 a total of 38 eligible @entity1 (33 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) entered the study. The large majority of them presented with a performance status of 0-1 and with clinical stage IV disease. Treatment consisted of three cycles of induction chemotherapy (IC) with @entity1311 175 mg/m2 in a 3-h infusion on @entity12840 , @entity4181 (LV) 200 mg/m2 over 20 min immediately followed by FU 400 mg/m2 bolus and then 600 mg/m2 as a 24-h continuous infusion on @entity14169 and a @entity900 75 mg/m2 over 1-h infusion on @entity25800 every 3 wk. This was then followed by radiation (70 Gy) and weekly @entity900 40 mg/m2. After the completion of IC, 6/38 (16%) @entity1 had CR. The CR rate was increased to 66% post-concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). @entity1398 (37.5%), @entity158 (62%), @entity1209 (21%), and @entity1665 (79%) were the most frequent side effects during IC. The most pronounced @entity137 during chemoradiotherapy were @entity3136 (62.5%) and @entity2133 (53%). Median time to progression was 11.0 mo and median survival 16.7 mo. One- and 2-yr survival rates were 73% and 38%, respectively. In conclusion, this novel induction regimen is active, is well tolerated, and can be successfully followed by CCRT with weekly @entity900 . CCRT should remain standard treatment for @entity1 with LA-HNC. Novel induction combinations, such as that reported in the present study, should be evaluated in combination with CCRT only in the context of clinical trials.

title: @entity1311 , @entity900 , XXXX , and continuous infusion fluorouracil followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the @entity135 : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity859 infusion after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with radiofrequency energy reveals dormant muscular sleeves and predicts @entity955 ( @entity955 ) recurrence. The aim of our study was to determine whether @entity859 could reveal dormant PV sleeves after cryoballoon isolation and study its effect on long-term recurrence of @entity955 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity955 underwent cryoballoon PVI. After PVI, @entity859 25  mg was infused to test for dormant muscular sleeves in each vein. If reconnection under @entity859 was shown, further cryoballoon ablation was performed until no more reconnection occurred. Follow-up was performed with ECG, 24-h Holter recording, and a symptom questionnaire at three monthly intervals. Transtelephonic Holter monitoring was performed for 1  month before and 3  months after PVI. @entity1 who underwent cryoballoon PVI without @entity859 administration were used as controls for comparison. RESULTS: In the study group (n   =   34, 24 males), @entity859 revealed dormant sleeves in 9/132 (8  %) veins, and 7/34 (21  %) @entity1 . All but one vein was further treated until the dormant sleeves were isolated. During a mean follow-up of 520        147  days, 23/34 (68  %) @entity1 were free of @entity955 without @entity734 ( @entity734 ). In the control group (n   =   65, 46 males), 29/65 (46  %) were free of @entity955 without @entity734 . There were significantly less @entity955 recurrences in the study group (p   =   0.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity859 administration after cryoballoon PVI reveals dormant muscular sleeves in 21  % of @entity1 . Clinical follow-up shows that @entity859 testing is effective in reducing @entity955 recurrence after cryoballoon ablation.

title: XXXX testing after cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation improves long-term clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AADs', 'antiarrhythmic drugs']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'paroxysmal AF']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine']