abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the postoperative stability of canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction for @entity5479 with preoperative @entity2972 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 155 ears with @entity5479 treated with canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction were evaluated retrospectively. A comparison was made between the group of 80 ears which showed @entity2972 , preoperatively, and the group of 75 without preoperative @entity2972 . Problems observed in the tympanic membrane or reconstructed external auditory canal were evaluated both at the postoperative initial stage and more than 1 year after surgery. Postoperative hearing prognosis was also studied. RESULTS: 1) In the postoperative initial stage, @entity281 and @entity39 of materials for canal reconstruction were significantly more likely to be observed in ears with preoperative @entity2972 . 2) In ears with postoperative @entity281 , @entity39 of materials for canal reconstruction occurred more frequently, and the period until drying of the reconstructed external auditory canal was significantly extended. 3) No significant difference was seen in postoperative status of the tympanic membrane and reconstructed ear canal at least 1 year after surgery. 4) The presence of preoperative @entity2972 had no influence on hearing prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: When canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction is used for ears with preoperative @entity2972 , careful attention should be paid to local treatment at the postoperative initial stage. However, no significant problem occurred in the outcome of preoperative ear draining at least 1 year after surgery.

title: [Evaluation of canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction for draining ear with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5479 :: ('MESH:D018424', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity5479 :: (MESH:D018424,Disease) :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']


abstract: The piriform cortex makes strong interconnections with limbic structures (amygdala, entorhinal cortex and hippocampus) that are involved in memory processing. These connections have also been implicated in the development of @entity1315 . However, little is known about how neurones in this region may change during @entity410 genesis. Here we tested the hypothesis that in the kindling model of @entity1315 GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition is altered in the piriform cortex. To do this we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in piriform cortex brain slices obtained from non-kindled and amygdala-kindled adult @entity35 . We found that kindling coincided with an increase in the amplitude and duration of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs) recorded from non- @entity528 , whereas the mIPSCs occurring on pyramidal (excitatory) cells did not change. Non-stationary noise analysis of mIPSCs occurring on the non- @entity528 showed that inferred unitary conductance of synaptic channels were the same before and after kindling, implying that the channel number increased significantly. Immunocytochemical analysis of the inhibitory innervation showed that it was also unaltered by @entity410 induction. We also found that the effect of the positive modulator @entity27860 was reduced on the @entity528 after kindling. In contrast, the potentiating effects of @entity27860 on non-pyramidal cells were about the same after kindling as in control (sham) @entity35 . These data indicate that amygdala kindling causes a shift in the inhibition 'balance' between the pyramidal and non-pyramidal cells, perhaps leading to the disinhibition of pyramidal cells.

title: Kindling-induced alterations in GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition and neurosteroid activity in the XXXX piriform cortex.

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal neurones']

entities_list: @entity27860 :: ('MESH:C009413', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The present study investigates the relative ability of a-, y-, and   -tocopherol (Toc) to modulate cell signaling events that are associated with inflammatory responses in fetal-derived intestinal ( @entity1 ) cells. Secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine @entity687 in @entity1 cells was stimulated in the following order: a-Toc<y-Toc<  -Toc. A similar proinflammatory response was observed when @entity32 was induced in @entity1 cells. Modulation of @entity687 expression by Toc corresponded to an isoform-specific modulation of NF-kB and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( @entity13791 ) cell signaling pathways involved in expression of proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes, respectively.   -Toc and, to a lesser extent, y-Toc activated NF-kB and @entity13791 signaling, as indicated by the greater nuclear translocation of transcription factors. Activation of NF-kB signaling by y- and   -Toc was accompanied by upregulation of NF-kB target genes, such as @entity687 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, with and without a prior IFNy- @entity4515 challenge. Nevertheless, y- and   -Toc, particularly   -Toc, concurrently downregulated @entity2227 - @entity462 ligase, a @entity13791 target gene that encodes for @entity2041 biosynthesis. This observation was substantiated by confirmation that y- and   -Toc were effective at decreasing @entity2227 - @entity462 ligase protein expression and cellular @entity2041 content. Downregulation of @entity2041 content in fetal intestinal cells corresponded to induction of apoptosis-mediated @entity137 . In conclusion, y- and   -Toc are biologically active isoforms of @entity270 and show superior bioactivity to a-Toc in modulating cell signaling events that contribute to a proinflammatory response in fetal-derived intestinal cells.

title: Modulation of NF-kB and XXXX control of inflammatory responses in @entity1 cell line is tocopherol isoform-specific.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity13791 :: (4780,Gene) :: ['Nrf2']


abstract: Excessive activation of @entity2227 receptors mediates @entity528 , but the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate this type of @entity528 are only partly understood. Previously, we have demonstrated that @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-alpha(B) (CaMKII-alpha(B)) containing a nuclear localizing signal but not CaMKII-alpha is altered in retinal neurons exposed to @entity1024 ( @entity143 ). The present study describes a prospective function of CaMKII-alpha(B) in signal transduction leading to apoptosis. The terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated @entity42003 nick-end labelling (TUNEL) method was used to detect fragmented DNA in fixed tissue sections of @entity35 retina. The TUNEL assay confirmed that cell death occurs in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers following injection of 4 mM @entity143 . A specific @entity5158 (myristoylated @entity5158 ) with proven cell permeability inhibits CaMKII activity in vivo. Neuroprotection achieved by 500 microM @entity5158 was complete when administered 2 h before and coincident with the @entity143 application. Additionally, 100 microM of @entity5158 protects only partially against the @entity143 -induced excitotoxicity. The conformationally active fragment of @entity4124 (17 kDa), known to be involved in @entity528 was apparent within 30 min and at 2 h postinjection with @entity143 . This activation was inhibited by 500 microM @entity5158 when administered 2 h before and coincident with the @entity143 application. The results suggest that CaMKII-alpha(B) isoform plays a role in excitotoxicity-induced @entity528 .

title: Neuroprotective effect of @entity5158 on XXXX -induced cell death in retinal neurons.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5158 :: ('MESH:C536656', 'Disease') :: ['AIP', 'autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal apoptosis', 'neuronal death']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Blood transfusion may adversely affect the prognosis following surgery for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Conventionally by most thoracic surgeons, a perioperative haemoglobin (Hb) less than 10 g/dl has been considered a transfusion trigger. In this prospective trial we have (a) evaluated the overall blood transfusion requirements and factors associated with an increased need for transfusion and (b) in a subsequent subset of @entity1 , tested the hypothesis that elective @entity417 after major lung resection may be safely tolerated in the early postoperative period. METHODS: A total of 198 (M/F 179/10, mean age 61.2, range 32--85 years) @entity1 suffering from @entity1149 were submitted to pneumonectomy (n = 89), bilobectomy (n = 19) and lobectomy (n = 90). A rather strict protocol was used as a transfusion strategy. The transfusion requirements were analyzed and seven parameters (gender, age > 65, preoperative Hb < 11.5 g/dl, chest wall resection, history of previous thoracotomy, pneumonectomy and @entity190 ) were statistically evaluated by univariate and logistic regression analysis. Subsequently, according to the perioperative Hb level during the first 48 h, @entity1 were divided into group A (n = 49, Hb = 8.5--10) and group B (n = 149, Hb > 10) with a view to estimate the risks of elective perioperative @entity417 . Groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, type of operation performed, preoperative Hb, @entity1011 level, FEV1, arterial blood gases and history of @entity299 . RESULTS: The overall transfusion rate was 16%. Univariate analysis revealed that preoperative Hb < 11.5 g/dl (P < 0.01) and @entity190 (P < 0.0001) were associated with increased need for transfusion, but only the @entity190 was identified as an independent variable in multivariate analysis. Statistical analysis between groups A and B showed no significant difference regarding postoperative morbidity and mortality: atelectasis (3 vs. 6), @entity5837 (2 vs. 9), sputum retention requiring bronchoscopy (5 vs. 12), admission to intensive care unit (5 vs. 7), @entity649 (0 vs. 3), postoperative hospital stay (7.7 +/- 2.6 vs. 9.1 +/- 3.8 days) and deaths (1 vs. 3). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a strict transfusion strategy could help in reducing overall blood transfusion. Furthermore, a perioperative Hb of 8.5--10 g/dl could be considered safe in elective lung resections for @entity189 .

title: Blood use in lung resection for XXXX : perioperative elective @entity417 does not compromise the early outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: Simultaneous bilateral @entity427 tendon @entity155 are extremely rare; only 4 cases have been reported in the international literature. This article describes a case of a 32-year-old @entity1 with bilateral and simultaneous @entity924 . She suffers from @entity177 and undergoes peritoneal dialysis every day. The @entity1 presented with ecchymosis and swelling at the posterior aspect of both elbows. While climbing stairs a few hours earlier, she had fallen back on both outstretched arms, experienced moderate @entity158 , and heard a sudden popping sound in her right elbow, followed by @entity158 in the left elbow. On examination, she revealed intact extensor mechanism. Radiographs revealed a small osseous flake just proximal to the olecranon in both arms and the absence of associated @entity174 . During surgery, both @entity427 tendons appeared normal, other than being avulsed at their tendo-osseous junction. The @entity1 obtained a successful result and full range of motion bilaterally within 3 months postoperatively. A high index of suspicion is needed and careful attention should be paid to @entity158 after minor @entity130 so that @entity130 , especially in @entity740 cases, are not missed.

title: Bilateral and simultaneous XXXX @entity155 in a @entity1 with @entity177 receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['avulsions of the triceps tendons']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['similar pain', 'pain', 'elbow pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['triceps injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['triceps']


abstract: Fifty @entity1 with @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) underwent clinical electrophysiological studies (EPS), endomyocardial biopsies and cardiac catheterizations. EPS revealed @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ) in seven @entity1 , @entity713 reentrant @entity591 utilizing concealed @entity713 bypass tracts (AVR-CBT) in nine @entity1 , @entity713 reentrant @entity591 utilizing @entity713 bypass tracts with ventricular preexcitation (manifest WPW) in 13 @entity1 , sinus nodal or intra-atrial reentrant @entity591 (SNRT or IART) in three @entity1 , @entity956 ( @entity956 ) in nine @entity1 , @entity591 ( @entity591 ) in five @entity1 , and multifocal @entity591 (MAT) in four @entity1 . According to the clinical observations, three @entity1 with @entity2917 (43%), six with AVR-CBT (67%), six with manifest WPW (46%), two with SNRT or IART (67%), eight with @entity956 (89%), two with @entity591 (40%), and two with MAT (50%) showed other accompanying clinical abnormalities. In all @entity1 who were studied histologically, changes in the @entity1562 were seen; myocarditic changes, postmyocarditic changes and @entity854 were present in six (12%), 15 (30%), and nine (18%) respectively. Myocardial changes were observed in four out of seven cases with @entity2917 (57%), in six out of nine with AVR-CBT (67%), in five out of 13 with manifest WPW (38%), in two out of three with SNRT or IART (67%), in six out of nine with @entity956 (67%), in all five cases of @entity591 (100%), and in two out of four with MAT (50%). Nineteen out of 32 without clinical abnormalities except for @entity943 (59%) had myocardial changes (six had myocarditic changes, ten had postmyocarditic changes, and three had @entity854 ). On the other hand, nine out of 21 with myocarditic or postmyocarditic changes were accompanied with @entity943 other than @entity4710 (two had SSS, five had @entity713 block or rBBB, and two had VT). Elevated LVEDP was present in 36% of the group with normal @entity1562 and in 53% of the group with myocardial changes. However, the low EF was shown in no @entity1 with normal @entity1562 but in 21% of the group with myocardial changes. The low CI was also shown in only 9% of the group with normal @entity1562 but in 28% of the group with myocardial changes. These results suggest that @entity1 with @entity4710 may exhibit several histopathological changes in the @entity1562 , even in the absence of any clinical @entity299 .

title: Clinical, electrophysiological, and histopathological observations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['AV nodal reentrant tachycardia', 'AVNRT']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia', 'automatic atrial tachycardia', 'AAT']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['various arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: The present study examined the effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) on @entity943 following @entity1563 in the cat. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded abruptly in 50 @entity468 anesthetized with @entity4486 . The ECG (Lead II) along with arterial blood pressure were monitored before and for at least one hour after occlusion. Either vehicle or PGI2 was infused at a rate of 0.15 ml . min-1 into the left atrium 15 min before and 1 hour after @entity432 . PGI2 was infused at 4 doses: 2.7,27,270 and 2700 pmole . kg-1 . min-1. Infusion of PGI2 before occlusion produced a dose dependent @entity551 with no significant change in heart rate. Abrupt occlusion of the LAD produced @entity943 in all @entity468 ranging from ventricular premature beats to @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). In @entity468 infused with PGI2 the incidence of @entity2224 ranged from 30-40% at the low and middle doses to a maximum of 60% at the highest dose (2700 pmole . kg-1 . min-10. The incidence of @entity2224 in the latter group was two times greater than that observed in the control group (30%). In addition, the mean number of @entity1540 was greater at the 27 and 2700 pmole . kg-1 . min-1 doses of PGI2 than in the control group. An increase in @entity1540 was not observed at the 2.7 or 270 pmole . kg-1 . min-1 doses of @entity4770 . These data indicate the PGI2 can exert an arrhythmogenic effect following @entity1563 and that this effect occurs in a biphasic manner i.e., the increase in @entity943 observed at 27 did not occur at 270 but occurred again at the 10 fold higher dose (2700 pmole . kg-1 . min-1). At the lowest dose of PGI2 @entity1188 size was approximately 14% less than in the control group while, at the highest dose, @entity1188 size was 20% greater than control and approximatey 40% greater than the lowest dose of PGI2.

title: The influence of prostacyclin on @entity1563 induced @entity943 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in mean arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: @entity349 induces a systemic @entity792 characterized by auto-antibodies to the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (AFA) and @entity1200 in genetically susceptible @entity19 strains. This study examines T cell activation and cytokine production following @entity349 exposure in genetically susceptible and resistant strains. @entity349 injected s.c., according to the protocol for induction of @entity792 , caused an early T cell activation, measured as an increase of @entity2047 -producing cells, and increased expression of the @entity2047 -receptor proteins @entity3783 and CD122 and of the proliferation marker @entity16344 on days 2-4 in the susceptible A.SW and A. TH strains. This was followed by a long-lasting increase in the number of T cells, dominated by @entity1961 (+) cells. @entity19 of the susceptible A.SW strain showed a modest increase of @entity637 -, @entity60 -, and @entity58 -producing cells after 4-6 days, and a very distinct increase of @entity58 -producing cells on days 8-10. The susceptible SJL strain (H-2(s)), severely deficient in Th2-promoting @entity1961 (+), NK1.1(+) T cells, showed no increase of @entity58 (+) cells on days 8-10. Instead, the number of @entity60 -producing cells was increased. Susceptible @entity19 developed an increase of Ig-producing cells, AFA, and @entity1200 . Genetically @entity349 -resistant A.TL @entity19 showed a minimal increase of T cells, but no increase in cytokine-producing cells. We conclude that autoimmunogenic doses of @entity3143 induce an activation and proliferation of T cells in genetically susceptible @entity19 strains, as well as a broad increase of cytokine-producing cells, followed by a late predominance of the Th2-associated @entity58 . One strain, severely deficient in Th2-promoting @entity1961 (+), NK1.1(+) T cells, lacked the increase in @entity58 (+) cells, indicating that a predominantly Th2-response is not necessary for induction of @entity792 by @entity349 . However, a Th2-dominated response led to a faster and stronger B cell activation.

title: Effects of the @entity19 genotype on T cell activation and cytokine production in @entity19 XXXX -induced @entity792 .

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['Mercury', 'mercury']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['systemic IC-deposits', 'systemic immune-complex (IC) deposits']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune condition', 'autoimmunity']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: Our objective was to determine whether postnatal respiratory function, lung growth, and lung structure are affected by @entity600 which did not require neonatal respiratory support. Two groups of preterm (P) @entity742 were delivered 2 weeks before term, at 133 days of gestational age (GA). Tissue was collected at term equivalent age ( @entity1041 , 147 days GA) in one P group and at 6 weeks post- @entity1041 in the other. Tissue was also collected from control (C) @entity742 soon after term birth ( @entity1041 ) and at 6 weeks post- @entity1041 . Lung function was assessed at @entity1041 and 6 weeks post- @entity1041 . Respiratory system compliance (Crs/kg @entity27466 ) was not different between P and C groups at @entity1041 , but was higher (P = 0.02) in P @entity742 at 6 weeks post- @entity1041 . Pulmonary resistance was 62% higher in P @entity742 than controls (P = 0.07) at @entity1041 , and remained higher at 6 weeks post- @entity1041 . Lung weights (wet and dry) were greater (P < 0.05) in preterm animals at both ages; when adjusted for body weight, only dry lung weight remained higher at 6 weeks post- @entity1041 . Alveoli were more numerous (P = 0.05) and smaller (P = 0.05) in preterm @entity742 compared to controls at both ages. @entity133 were 33% thicker and the blood-air barrier was 26% thicker in P @entity742 than in controls at @entity1041 , and remained thicker at 6 weeks post- @entity1041 . In P @entity742 , the airway epithelium was thicker at @entity1041 and 6 weeks post- @entity1041 . At @entity1041 , pulmonary @entity52401 expression was 27% lower in P @entity742 . At 6 weeks post- @entity1041 , dry lung weight and lung protein content were approximately 50% greater in preterm @entity742 than in controls (P < 0.05), whereas lung DNA, @entity19218 , and collagen contents were similar in the two groups. We conclude that mild @entity600 per se leads to both transient and persistent changes in lung development. Persistent increases in lung protein content and in the thickness of the airway epithelium, and a greater number of smaller alveolar, may alter later lung function.

title: Pulmonary function and structure following mild @entity600 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['Alveolar septa']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: @entity5 chemoprevention is a dietary or therapeutic strategy to prevent, suppress, or delay @entity105 either at initiation or progression level with nontoxic agents. Use of natural dietary compounds has been a major chemopreventive approach to modulate tumorigenic pathways. In the present study, we have evaluated Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), a common vegetable of Indian household for its chemomodulatory potential. The fruit has been used in traditional medicine for a very long time for health benefits and to cure @entity158 , @entity1066 , @entity221 , cough, @entity565 , and other @entity2488 . However, despite its reported beneficial effect the chemo modulatory potential of this plant has not been reported. Therefore chemopreventive effect of bottle gourd juice (BGJ) was studied against @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) plus croton oil induced @entity272 in Swiss albino @entity19 . The effect was studied both at antiinitiation and antiinitiation/promotion level followed by histopathological study. A dose of 2.5% and 5% given in drinking water showed significant @entity1185 number, @entity1185 incidence, @entity1185 multiplicity, @entity1185 latency, @entity1185 volume, and @entity1185 size in different size range. Histopathological study showed chemopreventive effect by minimizing loss of stratification, a decrease in number of epithelial layers, reducing dermal infiltration and protection for various cytoplasmic changes. Higher dose of BGJ was found to be more effective than lower dose and the chemopreventive effect was maximum for antiinitiation/promotion treatment. Altogether, this study reports the chemopreventive effect of Lagenaria siceraria on @entity272 for the first time and suggests that its consumption may help in @entity1489 .

title: Chemopreventive effect of Lagenaria siceraria in two stages @entity106 plus croton oil induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma', 'decrease in papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['suppression of skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin papillomagenesis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin papillomagenesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the long-term clinical outcome of Artisan((R)) @entity4118 intraocular lens (IOL; Ophtec, Groningen, The Netherlands) implantation in five aphakic eyes of five @entity1 , without capsular support, after @entity231 extraction following penetrating @entity2194 . METHODS: The charts of the five @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. The data collected included follow-up time, nature of injury, age at @entity231 extraction and IOL implantation, visual outcome, endothelial cell counts, complications, and subsequent surgical interventions. RESULTS: Average follow-up was 11.0 years (range, 8.0-14.6 years). All eyes had a @entity1035 with various degrees of @entity1347 . Mean @entity1 age at lens extraction was 7.8 years (range, 5.6-10.2 years). Mean age at Artisan @entity4118 IOL implantation was 7.9 years (range, 5.7-10.2 years). The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at last follow-up was 20/40 or better in four eyes. Mean endothelial cell loss compared with the healthy fellow eye was 40%. No @entity1 experienced @entity2790 , @entity2687 , @entity6990 , @entity1103 , or @entity1539 atrophy. One eye had a @entity1713 19 months after primary injury and needed vitreoretinal surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The Artisan @entity4118 IOL offers a useful alternative for correction of traumatic childhood @entity4118 . Although we only have results of a small number of @entity1 , taking into account our long follow-up period, we feel that implantation of the Artisan @entity4118 IOL can be considered a treatment option in aphakic eyes of @entity1 that lack capsular support due to @entity130 .

title: Traumatic pediatric XXXX : a decade of follow-up after Artisan @entity4118 intraocular lens implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity6990 :: ('MESH:D014606', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment injury']

entities_list: @entity1035 :: ('MESH:D057112', 'Disease') :: ['corneal perforation']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL dislocation']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal decompensation']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that common bile duct ligation in the @entity95 is followed by a reduction of the extracellular water compartment. To further elucidate the mechanisms leading to volume depletion in this model, water and @entity1372 balances and changes in plasma concentrations of @entity27856 (ANP), vasopressin ( @entity6085 ), plasma @entity28637 activity (PRA) and @entity1369 (Ald) were investigated during the first 4 days after common bile duct ligation (group OJ,) or sham operation (group SO). Water and chow intakes were lower in group OJ (148 +/- 30 versus 226 +/- 40 mL/4 days; p = 0.004 and 12 +/- 9 versus 171 +/- 40 g/4 days; p = 0.0001). There were no differences in urine output. @entity1372 urinary losses were marginally higher in group OJ (12.4 +/- 7 versus 6.7 +/- 5 mEq/4 days; p = 0.06). Water balance was lower in group OJ (-50 +/- 56 versus 101 +/- 71 mL/4 days; p = 0.0001). At 24 hours, plasma ANP (41 +/- 7 versus 10.7 +/- 1 fmol/mL, p = 0.0001), @entity6085 (21.8 +/- 7 versus 12.3 +/- 6 pg/mL, p = 0.008) and Ald (14.5 +/- 5 versus 3.7 +/- 3 ng/dL, p = 0.001) were higher in group OJ. These alterations persisted 72 hours after bile duct ligation, when a concomitant increase in PRA (10.7 +/- 5 versus 3 +/- 1.6 ng/dL, p = 0.006) was also observed. A group of pair-fed pair-watered sham-operated controls (group SO2, n = 13) showed a metabolic profile similar to group OJ but a low ANP concentration. Multiple venous sampling in five @entity95 24 hours after bile duct ligation showed the highest plasma levels of ANP in the aorta and infrarenal vena cava. These results suggest that common bile duct ligation in the @entity95 is followed by marked hypodipsia and hypophagia, possibly mediated by ANP, leading to @entity17823 and secondary activation of the water and @entity1372 retaining hormones.

title: Rapid increase in plasma levels of XXXX after common bile duct ligation in the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity27856 :: ('100009087(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium', 'Sodium']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity17823 :: ('MESH:C537477', 'Disease') :: ['isotonic volume depletion']

answer: @entity27856 :: (100009087(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: In most @entity1 with isolated @entity995 , @entity5 development is initiated by somatic inactivation of both alleles of the @entity996 gene. However, some of these @entity1 can transmit @entity995 predisposition to their offspring. To determine the frequency and nature of constitutional @entity996 -gene mutations in @entity1 with isolated @entity995 , we analyzed DNA from peripheral blood and from @entity5 tissue. The analysis of @entity5 from 54 (71%) of 76 informative @entity1 showed loss of constitutional heterozygosity (LOH) at intragenic loci. Three of 13 uninformative @entity1 had constitutional deletions. For 39 randomly selected @entity5 , SSCP, hetero-duplex analysis, sequencing, and Southern blot analysis were used to identify mutations. Mutations were detected in 21 (91%) of 23 @entity5 with LOH. In 6 (38%) of 16 @entity5 without LOH, one mutation was detected, and in 9 (56%) of the @entity5 without LOH, both mutations were found. Thus, a total of 45 mutations were identified in @entity5 of 36 @entity1 . Thirty-nine of the mutations-including 34 small mutations, 2 large structural alterations, and hypermethylation in 3 @entity5 -were not detected in the corresponding peripheral blood DNA. In 6 (17%) of the 36 @entity1 , a mutation was detected in constitutional DNA, and 1 of these mutations is known to be associated with reduced expressivity. The presence of a constitutional mutation was not associated with an early age at treatment. In 1 @entity1 , somatic mosaicism was demonstrated by molecular analysis of DNA and RNA from peripheral blood. In 2 @entity1 without a detectable mutation in peripheral blood, mosaicism was suggested because 1 of the @entity1 showed multifocal @entity5 and the other later developed @entity995 . In conclusion, our results emphasize that the manifestation and transmissibility of @entity995 depend on the nature of the first mutation, its time in development, and the number and types of cells that are affected.

title: Constitutional XXXX -gene mutations in @entity1 with isolated @entity995 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma', 'unilateral retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity996 :: (5925,Gene) :: ['RB1']


abstract: A case of a primary @entity189 occurring in a middle aged @entity1 is reported. A 42-year-old @entity1 suffering from @entity10 and @entity390 was referred to our department. A neurological examination revealed that he had Parinaud's sign. Head CT and MRI showed a @entity5 in the pineal region. He was operated on using the occipital trans-tentorial approach. The @entity5 was partially removed and an intra-operative specimen was used to diagnose a kind of germ cell line @entity5 . However, the @entity5 was diagnosed afterwards as a pure @entity189 . Three courses of PE chemotherapy followed by 30 Gy of whole craniospinal irradiation and 30 Gy of extended local irradiation were completed. An MRI showed the @entity5 to be in complete remission. Despite careful follow-up with chemotherapy every three months, a re-operation and linac radio-surgery, the @entity5 recurred, and disseminated. The @entity1 died due to an intra-tumoral @entity548 . A pure primary @entity189 occurring in a middle-aged @entity1 has never been reported previously in detail.

title: [Primary XXXX occurring in a middle aged @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person', 'man']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'pineal embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['pineal embryonal carcinoma']


abstract: 130 @entity1 with @entity30 were colonoscopied in a multicenter trial. The obtained data were analyzed with respect to gathering information on the @entity32 pattern, as well as on the importance and prognostic value of special lesions in @entity30 . In 52 @entity1 a second endoscopy was performed at the end of the 2-year study period. Ulcerations and aphthous lesions were the most common lesions, followed by pseudopolyps, @entity75 and @entity850 . In general, there was an increasing, distal gradient in the frequency of severe lesions. @entity1 with @entity30 alone had more signs of @entity32 than @entity1 with additional involvement of the small intestine. A segmental pattern was the most common form of @entity32 . The group of @entity1 (14%) with a continuous pattern did not deviate from the whole collective in clinical activity. In @entity1 with previous resections, @entity32 near the @entity254 was accompanied more often than not by @entity850 . @entity1 with @entity1066 had a rather short time since confirmation of the diagnosis. Cobblestone lesions and pseudopolyps correlated with short symptomatology. During the follow-up of the study, @entity1 taking @entity230 or a combination with @entity617 and @entity3378 seem to have better results than those under placebo or @entity3378 alone, as regards the more severe symptoms.

title: European Cooperative XXXX Study (ECCDS): colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cobblestone lesions']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's colitis", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The strategy currently used to treat @entity463 ( @entity463 ) @entity1 , which mostly relies on population-based failure patterns, does not consider the important variability in such patterns reported in the literature. As part of the multidisciplinary efforts being made to develop personalized therapeutic approaches, numerical models of @entity5 growth and treatment are increasingly being used by different groups around the world. In this study, a new formalism relying on the proliferation-invasion model is developed to identify potential locations of @entity463 recurrences. The authors assess the sensitivity of the location of potential @entity5 recurrences to the input parameter values predicted for a given @entity1 by varying those values using a Monte-Carlo based approach. Our approach is designed to be prospective in the sense that it relies on @entity1 -specific imaging data that can be gathered in one single preradiotherapy imaging session. METHODS: The authors modeled the infiltration paths of glial cells using @entity1 -specific diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. Nine @entity463 @entity1 with preradiotherapy DTI data are considered in this study. The possible locations of @entity5 recurrences are determined by randomly selecting many ensembles of values for each of the growth and radiobiological parameters in the @entity463 growth model. A novel concept, the occurrence probability (OP), is introduced to assess the sensitivity of potential @entity5 recurrence locations to the input parameter values. For a given @entity1 , the OP map is derived from a superposition of all potential @entity5 recurrence locations obtained with all sets of parameter values. RESULTS: For eight out of nine of @entity1 , the authors have identified a statistically significant region where the OP is above 50%. For two @entity1 , these high risk regions are found to be located at a distance greater than 3.9 cm from the border of the gross @entity5 volume highlighting the inaccuracy of current margins for some @entity1 . The exact location and size of these volumes with OP > 50   % are, however, sensitive to the number N of ensembles of parameter values for N     400. On the other hand, the authors have identified for each @entity1 a threshold OP, the OP(T), which defines a volume that converges more rapidly with increasing N. The OP(T) for each @entity1 varies between 20% and 40%. The volume defined by OP > OP(T) may be an adequate candidate to define a personalized margin for radiotherapy treatment planning of @entity463 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A new Monte-Carlo based formalism was described and used to assess the variability of sites of potential recurrence predicted by the proliferation-invasion model to input parameter values. The authors have shown that high risk areas could be consistently identified with a limited number of sets (N     400) of randomly chosen parameter values. A major strength of this formalism is its potential prospective nature. Although a validation of the accuracy of the model-predicted @entity5 recurrence location still remains to be done, our method is potentially applicable to orient @entity1 -specific definition of margins.

title: A Monte Carlo based formalism to identify potential locations at high risk of XXXX recurrence with a numerical model for @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: In the mid-1980s, use-related @entity158 was recognized as a major issue for worker health and workplace safety. National policy targeted these "cumulative @entity74 ," " @entity7184 ," and "motion illnesses" for a "special emphasis program" by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, a federal regulatory agency. The program begins with case recognition to identify the responsible ergonomic hazards with the goal of mandating ergonomic remedies. This report is a small area analysis of the impact of this process on the US West Communications, Inc work force. US West employs some 55,000 workers in 14 states. Commencing in the mid-1980s, workers in four of these states complained of @entity158 and were diagnosed as suffering from conditions encompassed by the "cumulative @entity74 " rubric. The incidence was tenfold higher in one task category, directory assistance operators. No ergonomic descriptor can account for the four endemics of @entity158 in directory assistance operators. The response of the medical communities to the plight of these injured claimants varied considerably from community to community. Denver represents one extreme where the clinical judgments led to multiple surgical interventions, generated a total direct cost of some  1.5 million, and left many permanently disabled workers in their wake. This analysis raises many reservations about the validity of the "cumulative @entity74 " hypothesis and provides an object lesson in the potential for untoward outcomes from the premature introduction of clinical hypotheses into the arena of health policy.

title: Arm XXXX in the workplace. A small area analysis.

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['overuse syndromes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['trauma disorders', 'trauma disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity pain', 'arm pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The course and development of @entity1109 were followed up in 801 @entity483 @entity1 , in 207 @entity2023 or @entity565 @entity1 , and in 517 control subjects. The @entity1 were studied in the Dermatology Clinic during their teens and the follow-up studies were carried out at the ages of 22-41. Persistent or frequently relapsing @entity1909 occurred in 77-91% of those who suffered from severe or moderate @entity483 during their teens and in more than one half of those @entity1 who only had mild @entity1909 at the corresponding age. @entity483 had started in 13-17% of @entity2023 / @entity565 @entity1 . At the time of the follow-up examination, severe @entity1909 was seen in only six percent and moderate symptoms in 35% of @entity483 @entity1 . @entity1909 was generally seen in multiple loci: on the face, hands, extremities, and body. @entity1909 in autumn and winter was experienced by one third to 88% of the @entity483 @entity1 . Psychic stress was experienced as a major aggravating factor in one half to two thirds of @entity483 @entity1 . Prick test positivity occurred in 62-89% of the @entity1909 @entity1 . Animal allergens, molds, grasses, birch, and house dust mite were the most common allergens. Associations between evident allergen exposure and deterioration of the @entity1909 occurred in individual cases.

title: Prognosis of XXXX . A prospective study in early adulthood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['atopic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatitis', 'Deterioration of dermatitis', 'dermatitis']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of @entity15675 ( @entity15675 ) mutations in cases and controls enrolled in the Genetic Epidemiology of @entity191 (GEPD) study. METHODS: We sequenced all exons of the @entity15675 gene in 278 @entity191 ( @entity191 ) cases and 179 controls enrolled in GEPD, with a wide range of @entity22072 ( @entity22072 ), and that included a subset of 178 Jewish cases and 85 Jewish controls. Cases and controls were recruited without knowledge of family history of @entity191 , and cases were oversampled in the @entity22072 < 50 years category. RESULTS: 13.7% of @entity191 cases (38/278) carried @entity15675 mutations, compared with 4.5% of controls (8/179) (odds ratio [OR] 3.4, 95% CI 1.5 to 7.4). The frequency of @entity15675 mutations was 22.2% in 90 cases with @entity22072 < or = 50 years, compared with 9.7% in 185 cases with @entity22072 > 50 years (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.3). Adjusting for age at the time of evaluation, sex, family history of @entity191 , and Jewish ancestry, @entity15675 carriers had a 1.7-year-earlier @entity22072 of @entity191 (95% CI 0.5 to 3.3, p < 0.04) than noncarriers. The average @entity22072 of @entity191 was 2.5 years earlier in carriers with an @entity22072 < or = 50 years compared with noncarriers (95% CI 0.6 to 4.5, p < 0.01) and this was not seen in the @entity22072 > 50 years group. The frequency of @entity15675 mutations was higher in a subset of 178 cases that reported four Jewish grandparents (16.9%) than in cases who did not report Jewish ancestry (8.0%) (p < 0.01). Nine different @entity15675 mutations were identified in @entity191 cases, including @entity56980 , @entity53328 , @entity56981 , @entity10727 , @entity10728 , @entity56982 , @entity10726 , RecNciI, and a novel mutation, @entity56983 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the @entity15675 gene may be a susceptibility gene for @entity191 and that @entity15675 mutations may modify @entity22072 .

title: Mutations in the XXXX gene are associated with early-onset @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity15675 :: ('2629', 'Gene') :: ['Glucocerebrosidase', 'GBA', 'glucocerebrosidase']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity22072 :: ('MESH:C564653', 'Disease') :: ['age at onset', 'AAO']

entities_list: @entity56980 :: ('c|INS|84|GG', 'DNAMutation') :: ['84insGG']

answer: @entity15675 :: (2629,Gene) :: ['glucocerebrosidase']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A pooled-analysis on the long-term outcome in four head-to-head studies: @entity29050 versus @entity905 , @entity3756 , and (twice) @entity837 . Method A meta-analytic approach was used. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores, response and remission rates, Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) scores, response and remission rates, and completion rates/discontinuation rates due to adverse events were analyzed. RESULTS: At the last post-baseline assessment on the 24-week treatment period, the final HAM-D-17 score was significantly lower in @entity1 treated with @entity29050 than in @entity1 treated with selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), as well in the total group of @entity1 with severe @entity308 (P = 0.014 and 0.040, respectively). HAM-D response rates at the end of 24 weeks were significantly higher in @entity1 treated with @entity29050 than in @entity1 treated with SSRIs, as well in the total group of @entity1 with severe @entity308 (P = 0.031 and 0.048, respectively). HAM-D remission rates at the end of 24 weeks were numerically but not significantly higher in @entity1 treated with @entity29050 than in @entity1 treated with SSRIs. Final CGI-I scores were significantly lower for @entity29050 . CGI-I response as well as remission rates were numerically higher in @entity1 treated with @entity29050 , without statistical significance. The percentage of @entity1 with at least one emergent adverse event leading to treatment discontinuation was 9.4% in @entity1 treated with SSRIs and 6.6% in @entity1 treated with @entity29050 (P = 0.065). CONCLUSION: The present pooled analysis shows that, from a clinical point of view, @entity29050 is at least as efficacious as the investigated SSRIs with a trend to fewer discontinuations due to adverse events.

title: A pooled analysis of six month comparative efficacy and tolerability in four randomized clinical trials: @entity29050 versus @entity837 , XXXX , and @entity3756 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity29050 :: ('MESH:C084711', 'Chemical') :: ['agomelatine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: Retrospectively it was examined whether the number of retrieved oocytes, the maturation rate and cleavage rate can be predicted in regularly menstruating @entity1 by the use of the following predictive variables on cycle day 3-4: the concentration of FSH, @entity53 , inhibin B and @entity24786 in serum and and the number of ovarian follicles seen by vaginal ultrasound. The study included 132 consecutive aspirations in 100 @entity1 attending the clinic for in-vitro maturation due to male factor and/or tubal factor. Fifteen pregnancies were obtained after transfer in 83 cycles, giving a pregnancy rate of 15/132 (11%) per @entity1173 and 15/83 (18%) per transfer. The concentration of FSH and the number of follicles on day 3 predicted the number of oocytes retrieved, whereas these parameters did not predict the subsequent development of oocytes. No correlation was found between the inhibin B, @entity24786 , @entity53 and the number of oocytes respectively. The group with a low concentration of @entity53 on cycle day 3 (threshold <200 pmol/l) (group 1, n = 106 cycles) had a significantly higher pregnancy rate compared to the group with a higher concentration (group 2, n = 26 cycles) (14 versus 0% per @entity1173 , P = 0.03). The group with a low concentration of @entity53 was subdivided according to the concentration of @entity24786 . Group 1a: low @entity24786 (threshold <10 pg/ml, n = 84 cycles) and group 1b: high @entity24786 concentration (> or =10 pg/ml, n = 19). The pregnancy rate in group 1a (14/84, 17%) differed significantly from group 1b (0/19, 0%) (P = 0.03). It is concluded that a low basal concentration of @entity53 (<200 pmol/l) was shown to be a useful prognostic factor of pregnancy in IVM. The concentration of @entity24786 (<10 pg/ml) was of added value.

title: Basal concentrations of @entity53 may predict the outcome of in-vitro maturation in regularly menstruating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Transcatheter chemoembolization with various drugs is employed for palliative treatment of @entity157 . Thirty-seven @entity1 (33 with @entity1 A or B @entity82 ) were treated with 14 mg/m2 of @entity2664 and up to 20 ml of @entity4831 , followed by Gelfoam embolization as indicated. Sixty-nine cycles were given, with mean (+/-SD) @entity4831 and emulsified @entity2664 doses of 11.3 +/- 3.8 ml and 11.8 +/- 5.2 mg, respectively. Thirteen, 16, and 8 @entity1 received one, two, and three cycles, respectively, with time intervals of 123 +/- 60 days. Thirty @entity1 had Gelfoam embolization at the first cycle, 9 at the second and 4 at the third. At the first cycle, 10 @entity1 underwent serial measurements of serum @entity2664 up to two hours after a full dose of emulsified drug. Drug levels resulted much lower than those reported after plain arterial infusion, with AUC levels (+/-SE) of 5924 +/- 1015 and 4381 +/- 429 ng/ml x 120 min in 6 and 4 cases treated with and without Gelfoam, respectively. No treatment related @entity204 occurred. Complications were mild and transient, @entity1209 in most cases, fever > 38 degrees C 67%, @entity158 74%, ascites 8% jaundice 3%, bleeding 3%, @entity788 3%, myelosuppression 44%, @entity294 5%. Treatment response rate was 49% (including 16% minor response) with 16% early progressions. With a median follow-up of 12 months, the 12-month response duration and survival rates were 56% and 79% respectively. Transcatheter chemoembolization with @entity2664 deserves further evaluation in randomized studies.

title: [ @entity4831 with and without Gelfoam in primary liver tumors. Plasma levels of XXXX and clinical results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['including nausea vomiting']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['Mitoxantrone']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) of the brain allows the pharmacologic effects of anti-convulsant drugs (AEDs) on the excitability of motor corticospinal pathways to be evaluated in @entity1 with @entity302 and normal subjects. However, no study has yet documented the changes in motor excitability in @entity1 treated with @entity2812 (LTG). We aimed to study the effects of loading doses of LTG on @entity9808 recordings in @entity1 with @entity302 at the beginning of their treatment. METHODS: We investigated single-pulse @entity9808 in six @entity1 with complex partial @entity410 . The @entity9808 recordings were performed in five sessions before and during 5 weeks of treatment. Motor threshold, motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, cortical silent period, and peripheral conduction velocity were used as parameters of evaluation. LTG was started with a dosage of 25 mg/day until a daily maintenance dosage of 200 mg/day was reached. RESULTS: The motor threshold activation of thenar muscles was significantly increased by LTG after 2 weeks of treatment and was increased in a parallel way to the loading dose of the drug at week 3 and 5 of treatment. The MEP size recorded from the thenar muscles did not show significant changes at high- or low-intensity stimulation. The cortical silent period remained unchanged at low- and high-intensity stimulation. The absolute latency of MEPs after cortical and cervical stimulation was unchanged, as was the central motor conduction time. CONCLUSIONS: Our study documents that loading doses of LTG, administered as monotherapy, progressively increases @entity1 ' motor thresholds over short periods.

title: Cortical excitability in XXXX after loading doses of @entity2812 : a study with magnetic brain stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'Transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Organotypic brain slice cultures represent an excellent compromise between single cell cultures and complete animal studies, in this way replacing and reducing the number of animal experiments. Organotypic brain slices are widely applied to model neuronal development and regeneration as well as neuronal pathology concerning @entity64 , @entity302 and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity195 is characterized by two protein alterations, namely tau hyperphosphorylation and excessive amyloid b deposition, both causing microglia and astrocyte activation. Deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau, called neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), surrounded by activated glia are modeled in @entity19 , e.g. the @entity13859 model @entity18825 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study we explore the benefits and limitations of organotypic brain slice cultures made of mature adult @entity19 as a potential model system for the multifactorial phenotype of @entity195 . First, neonatal (P1) and adult organotypic brain slice cultures from 7- to 10-month-old transgenic @entity18825 @entity19 have been compared with regard to vitality, which was monitored with the @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH)- and the @entity98 ( @entity2454 ) assays over 15 days. Neonatal slices displayed a constant high vitality level, while the vitality of adult slice cultures decreased significantly upon cultivation. Various preparation and cultivation conditions were tested to augment the vitality of adult slices and improvements were achieved with a reduced slice thickness, a mild hypothermic cultivation temperature and a cultivation @entity515 concentration of 5%. Furthermore, we present a substantial immunohistochemical characterization analyzing the morphology of neurons, astrocytes and microglia in comparison to neonatal tissue. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Until now only adolescent animals with a maximum age of two months have been used to prepare organotypic brain slices. The current study provides evidence that adult organotypic brain slice cultures from 7- to 10-month-old @entity19 independently of the transgenic modification undergo slow programmed cell death, caused by a dysfunction of the neuronal repair systems.

title: Organotypic brain slice cultures of adult transgenic @entity18825 XXXX --a model for @entity13859 studies.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The present study evaluated the clinical usefulness of the measurement of common carotid artery blood flow velocity by an ultrasonic quantitative flow measurement system (QFM), and its correlation with the prevalence of @entity741 ( @entity741 ). The subjects in this study included 287 @entity1 (149 @entity1 and 138 @entity1 ; mean age, 67.6+/-11.0 years) being treated as outpatients. Bilateral common carotid artery blood flow velocity was measured using a QFM-1100 (Hayashi Denki Co., Ltd.). The "high to low velocity ratio" (H/L ratio) was calculated by dividing the higher value by the lower value of the velocity of the common carotid artery. In 43 of 287 @entity1 , we used an SSA-270 ACE (Toshiba Co., Ltd) to determine the presence of plaque and measure @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) in the common carotid arteries. The mean H/L ratio was 1.45, with a median value of 1.25. The @entity1 were stratified into subgroups based on H/L ratios from 1.0 and above in 0.1 increments in order to compare the prevalence rates of @entity741 . The prevalence rates in groups with H/L ratios of 1.3 and greater were significantly higher than those in the group with H/L ratios less than 1.3. In logistic regression analysis, the unadjusted H/L ratio was an independent risk factor for @entity741 at ratios from greater than 1.1 to greater than 1.6. The age-adjusted H/L ratio was an independent risk factor for @entity741 at ratios from greater than 1.1 to greater than 1.4. @entity1004 was significantly higher in @entity1 with a H/L ratio of 1.4 or greater versus @entity1 with a ratio less than 1.4 (1.154+/-0.417 mm vs. 0.421+/-0.425 mm; p<0.05). The prevalence of @entity543 was also significantly higher in @entity1 with a H/L ratio of 1.4 or greater versus @entity1 with a ratio of less than 1.4 (76.5% vs. 38.5%; p<0.03). Therefore, determination of the carotid artery H/L ratio by means of QFM may be clinically useful in screening @entity1 for @entity453 .

title: Clinical usefulness of the common carotid artery blood flow velocity ratio as measured by an ultrasonic quantitative flow measurement system: evaluation with respect to prevalence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intimal-medial thickness']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery plaque']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: The incidence of @entity9504 following @entity8 was determined in a prospective multicenter trial. Over 1 year, 130 consecutive @entity1 undergoing allogeneic @entity8 at Essen University Hospital were included and followed for 6 months. Source of stem cells was blood in 68 cases. Fifty-eight @entity1 had HLA-identical sibling donors. Throat swabs, urine and stool samples were screened weekly for AV antigen and DNA by ELISA and nested PCR, respectively. In 35 cases @entity9504 was detected. There was no seasonal variation. Throat swabs were positive in 24, urine in 12, and stool in 11 cases, resulting in a cumulative risk of infection of 29%. The incidences of @entity9504 of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tract were 19%, 10%, and 9%, respectively, and @entity281 were diagnosed after a median (range) interval of 44 (-2-179), 37 (-2-168), and 53 (17-153) days after transplantation. On multivariate analysis, presence of AV antibody in the donor and @entity2132 grade IV were found to be independent risk factors for @entity9504 . Eleven @entity1 had AV isolated from more than one site and five @entity1 had probable AV disease. We were not able to identify @entity1 in whom @entity9504 was the leading cause of @entity204 . The majority of @entity1 infected with AV suffered from severe @entity2132 often accompanied by other @entity1292 , such as @entity2381 or @entity2834 reactivation. Nineteen out of 36 @entity1 who died during the observation period had @entity9504 . In summary, @entity9504 after allogeneic @entity8 was observed in a substantial number of @entity1 . In addition to well-known risk factors for @entity1800 after @entity8 we were able to demonstrate that a positive AV antibody test in the donor is an important risk factor for @entity9504 . Further studies are needed, however, before final conclusions on the clinical sequelae of @entity9504 can be made and the role of preventive and therapeutic strategies toward @entity9504 after allogeneic @entity8 can be defined.

title: @entity281 after allogeneic @entity8 ( XXXX ): report on 130 @entity1 from a single @entity8 unit involved in a prospective multi center surveillance study.

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['AV infection', 'adenovirus (AV) infections', 'adenovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['SCT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed safety and efficacy of an open laparoscopic entry technique. METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 undergoing laparoscopy via open laparoscopic access over an 8-year period from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2006 is presented. RESULTS: During the study period, 2010 consecutive subjects underwent laparoscopy. Recorded intraoperative complications include enterotomy (0.1%) and failure to enter (0.1%). There were no instances of @entity1317 related to entry. Recorded postoperative complications include @entity547 (0.9%), @entity281 (2.5%), @entity1410 (0.05%), and noncosmetic healing (0.4%). A statistically significant association existed between @entity28 and @entity86 , and between previous abdominal surgery and @entity86 . CONCLUSION: Though typically straightforward, initial entry is one of the most common causes of injury in laparoscopy. The predominant entry method of entry in gynecologic surgery remains a closed technique. This technique has unfortunately been demonstrated in multiple series to have the potential for visceral and @entity1317 due to its blind insertion of Veress needles and trocars. The open laparoscopic technique is a safe and effective method of obtaining access to the abdominal cavity with no associated @entity1317 .

title: Open laparoscopic access technique: review of 2010 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hernia', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity460 channel blockers have a hepatoprotective action in animal models of @entity167 -induced @entity99 but their effect in @entity5881 in @entity1 has not been previously investigated. We have conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the possible benefit of the @entity460 channel blocker @entity3591 in terms of 4-week survival in hospitalised @entity1 with severe @entity99 . METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 with @entity99 were randomised to receive 5-10 mg @entity3591 each day for 1 year or an identical capsule containing placebo. In 36 (58%), @entity99 was confirmed on biopsy and in the remainder on clinical and laboratory criteria. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics and disease severity in the treated and placebo groups. RESULTS: Of the 32 @entity1 receiving @entity3591 , there were six deaths (19%) in the first 4 weeks compared with seven (23%) of the placebo @entity1 (p=0.329). Causes of @entity204 were similar in the @entity3591 and control groups, with @entity1578 predominant. Analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model after adjustment for other prognostic factors showed survival was not significantly influenced by active treatment (p=0.07). One @entity1 in each group was withdrawn because of the development of @entity551 , but this did not recur on reintroduction of the capsules. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that @entity460 channel blockers are well tolerated with few side effects in advanced @entity5881 , but there is no conclusive evidence from this study that @entity460 channel blockers are helpful in the treatment of @entity99 .

title: Randomised controlled double-blind trial of the @entity460 channel antagonist XXXX in the treatment of @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute alcoholic hepatitis', 'liver injury', 'alcoholic hepatitis']

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['amlodipine']


abstract: The CT scan gives valuable insight into the aetiology of @entity302 . Studies done so far in India suggest that the causes are quite different from the West. CT scan has become available in larger cities in India, but is expensive. Information about clinical features that may 'predict' a @entity854 would be useful to clinicians. The object was to determine which, if any, of 10 clinical features predict a @entity854 in @entity1 presenting with @entity6191 . Consecutive @entity1 with @entity6191 were enrolled prospectively and clinical features charted. Predetermined clinical variables were compared in those with and without @entity854 . The setting was a pediatric in- @entity1 and out- @entity1 of a teaching hospital in northern India. One-hundred-and-sixty-two out of 178 consecutive @entity1 (age 1 month to 12 years) presenting with @entity6191 ; ten clinical features viz @entity410 type, age at onset, number of @entity410 , duration of @entity302 , family/antecedent history, @entity51 , abnormal EEG and evidence of @entity378 , were studied. Univariate analysis taking (1) @entity854 /no abnormality and (2) ring/disc enhancing lesion/no such lesion on CT as outcomes. An abnormal CT scan was found in 79 (49 percent) @entity1 . There were two high yield groups: (1) younger @entity1 with @entity51 ; (2) older @entity1 without deficits. When these two groups were combined, odds ratio for @entity854 was 3.06 (1.4-6.7). The commonest @entity854 was a ring/disc like enhancing lesion seen in 32 @entity1 . Higher age at onset (> 4 years), absence of @entity51 , generalized @entity410 and fewer episodes of @entity410 at presentation were significantly associated with this finding. In addition to existing indications for CT scan, these results can guide physicians when referring @entity1 for this investigation.

title: Clinical correlates of @entity854 in generalized childhood XXXX in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic type of seizures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological/mental deficits', 'mental/neurological deficits', 'mental/neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CT abnormality']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['generalized epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overweight is a considerable clinical problem in @entity1 treated with antipsychotic agents. Recent results suggest that insulin resistance with @entity101 is also associated with treatment with the atypical antipsychotic agent @entity1088 . @entity1243 is important for the control of body weight and has been proposed to be a link between @entity28 and the @entity1720 . This study examined if @entity1088 -treated subjects and subjects treated with conventional antipsychotics had increased @entity1243 levels compared with the general population and whether there was a gender difference in this respect. METHOD: @entity1088 -treated @entity1 (N = 41), @entity1 treated with conventional antipsychotic drugs (N = 62), and healthy subjects from the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in @entity65 (MONICA) project (N = 189) were investigated with a cross-sectional study design. Weight, body mass index (BMI), and plasma @entity1243 concentrations were measured, and all study subjects were investigated for the presence of @entity6 . Drug treatment, health status, and smoking habits were registered. RESULTS: After adjustment for gender, BMI, smoking habits, age, and @entity6 , hyperleptinemia was independently (p < .001) associated with @entity1088 treatment and with treatment with conventional antipsychotics (p < .005) within a multiple regression analysis. In separate multiple regression analyses, @entity1243 levels were significantly associated with @entity1088 treatment in @entity1 (p = .002) and @entity1 (p =.023) and with conventional antipsychotic treatment in @entity1 (p = .027) but not in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Treatment with @entity1088 as well as with conventional antipsychotics is associated with increased levels of circulating @entity1243 . Hyperleptinemia can be an important link in the development of overweight and the @entity1720 in subjects receiving antipsychotic drugs, especially atypical agents like @entity1088 .

title: XXXX concentrations are increased in subjects treated with @entity1088 or conventional antipsychotics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin levels']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['Leptin']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report on our experience with the use of metal stents for the treatment of @entity731 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Since 1996, 62 @entity1 (mean age 67 years) with ostial @entity2791 were treated successfully by placement of metal stents. All @entity1 presented with @entity2792 , and eight had additionally @entity8 . In 12 @entity1 , stents were placed bilaterally. In 54 @entity1 , the introduction of stents was performed as the primary mode of treatment, and in the remaining 8 @entity1 , the positioning of the endoprosthesis was deemed necessary because of recurrence of @entity850 previously treated by renal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The @entity1 were followed for a mean period of 18 months (range 9-48 months). RESULTS: Positioning of the endoprosthesis was successful in all @entity1 . No major complications were reported. The 18-month patency rate was 77.4% (48 @entity1 ). @entity101 resolved in 39 @entity1 and showed a trend to improvement in 15 @entity1 . We observed no improvement of renal function in the eight @entity1 who had impaired function prior to the procedure. CONCLUSION: Implantation of metal stents is a safe and effective method for the treatment of @entity2791 and certainly presents an important alternative to renal PTA.

title: Metal stents for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic renovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2686 is a form of primary @entity10 in which attacks are rapid in onset with very severe @entity158 . The mainstays of acute therapy are inhaled @entity26 and @entity9251 injection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity11711 nasal spray in the acute treatment of @entity2686 . METHODS: Ninety-two @entity1 , aged 40 +/- 10 years (mean +/- SD) (80 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ), with International @entity10 Society-defined @entity2686 were randomized into a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. @entity1 treated 3 @entity10 attacks using placebo for 1 attack, 5 mg of @entity11711 nasal spray (ZNS5) for 1 attack, and 10 mg of @entity11711 nasal spray for 1 attack. The primary end point was @entity10 relief at 30 minutes, defined as reduction from moderate, severe, or very severe @entity158 to no or mild @entity158 . The study was approved by the appropriate ethics committees. RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity1 were available for an intention-to-treat analysis. The 30-minute @entity10 relief rates were placebo, 21%; ZNS5, 40%; and ZNS10, 62%. Modeling the response as a binary outcome, the Wald test was significant for the overall regression (chi(2)(1) = 29.4; P<.001), with both ZNS5 and ZNS10 giving significant effects against placebo. @entity10 relief rates for @entity1 with @entity2686 were 30% for placebo, 47% for ZNS5, and 80% for ZNS10, while corresponding rates for @entity1 with chronic @entity2686 were 14%, 28%, and 36%, respectively. @entity11711 was also well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Five-milligram and 10-mg doses of @entity11711 intranasal spray are effective within 30 minutes and well tolerated in the treatment of acute @entity2686 . Trial Registration controlled-trials.com Identifier ISCRTN27362692.

title: Effectiveness of intranasal @entity11711 in acute XXXX : a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity11711 :: ('MESH:C089750', 'Chemical') :: ['Zolmitriptan', 'zolmitriptan']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache', 'Cluster headache', 'episodic cluster headache']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan succinate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity2686 :: (MESH:D003027,Disease) :: ['cluster headache']


abstract: The hok/sok system of plasmid R1, which mediates plasmid stabilization by the killing of plasmid-free cells, codes for two RNA species, Sok antisense RNA and hok mRNA. Sok RNA, which is unstable, inhibits translation of the stable hok mRNA. The 64nt Sok RNA folds into a single stem-loop domain with an 11 nt unstructured 5' domain. The initial recognition reaction between Sok RNA and hok mRNA takes place between the 5' domain and the complementary region in hok mRNA. In this communication we examine the metabolism of Sok antisense RNA. We find that @entity53367 cleaves the RNA 6nt from its 5' end and that this cleavage initiates Sok RNA decay. The @entity53367 cleavage occurs in the part of Sok RNA that is responsible for the initial recognition of the target loop in hok mRNA and thus leads to functional inactivation of the antisense. The major @entity53367 cleavage product (denoted pSok-6) is rapidly degraded by @entity29927 ( @entity29927 ). Thus, the @entity53367 cleavage tags pSok-6 for further rapid degradation by @entity29927 from its 3' end. We also show that Sok RNA is polyadenylated by @entity4404 ( @entity4404 ), and that the poly(A)-tailing is prerequisite for the rapid 3'-exonucleolytic degradation by @entity29927 .

title: Sok antisense RNA from plasmid R1 is functionally inactivated by XXXX and polyadenylated by @entity4404 .

entities_list: @entity4404 :: ('308', 'Gene') :: ['PAP I', 'poly(A) polymerase I']

entities_list: @entity29927 :: ('87178', 'Gene') :: ['PNPase', 'polynucleotide phosphorylase']

answer: @entity53367 :: (5511,Gene) :: ['RNase E']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine whether a local infusion of @entity859 could increase coronary blood flow to restore fully the @entity3612 supply to consumption balance in reperfused myocardium. DESIGN: The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 2 h followed by a 4 h reperfusion with and without simultaneous local infusion of @entity859 (50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). In another group, @entity859 was infused for 4 h. Small artery and vein @entity3612 saturations (microspectrophotometry) and regional flow (radioactive microspheres) were determined. SUBJECTS: 25 anaesthetised open chest mongrel @entity235 , divided in three groups, were used in this study. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: In the central group, 2 h occlusion decreased regional blood flow below normal. After 4 h of reperfusion, blood flow was less than normal in the affected area, at 57(SD39) affected v 85(31) ml.min-1.100 g-1 control. @entity3612 extraction was higher in the reperfused area, with 61% of veins having @entity3612 saturations less than 35%. For the experimental group, @entity859 was infused into the left anterior descending artery at a dose of 50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. @entity859 coupled with reperfusion increased regional blood flow above control in the affected area, to 267(238) ml.min-1.100 g-1, but this was less than was found with @entity859 alone. @entity3612 extraction in this area was lower than with reperfusion alone, with only 1% of veins having @entity3612 saturations less than 35%. CONCLUSIONS: A large flow reserve is present in reperfused tissue and the low @entity3612 saturations found in reperfused myocardium cannot be due to vessel blockage (greater than 20 microns in diameter). Thus local @entity859 can be used to mobilise the reserve to improve the @entity3612 supply to consumption balance.

title: Local XXXX infusion and myocardial oxygen supply and consumption in reperfused @entity235 myocardium.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree to which alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, with their unique mode of action primarily reducing postprandial @entity4854 , offer an additional therapeutic approach in the long-term treatment of type 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 1,946 @entity1 (63% @entity1 ) who were previously enrolled in the U.K. Prospective @entity6 Study (UKPDS). The @entity1 were randomized to @entity11669 (n = 973), titrating to a maximum dose of 100 mg three times per day, or to matching placebo (n = 973). Mean +/- SD age was 59 +/- 9 years, body weight 84 +/- 17 kg, @entity6 duration 7.6 +/- 2.9 years, median (interquartile range) HbA1c 7.9% (6.7-9.5), and fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) 8.7 mmol/l (6.8-11.1). Fourteen percent of @entity1 were treated with diet alone, 52% with monotherapy, and 34% with combined therapy. @entity1 were monitored in UKPDS clinics every 4 months for 3 years. The main outcome measures were HbA1c, FPG, body weight, compliance with study medication, incidence of side effects, and frequency of major clinical events. RESULTS: At 3 years, a lower proportion of @entity1 were taking @entity11669 compared with placebo (39 vs. 58%, P < 0.0001), the main reasons for noncompliance being flatulence (30 vs. 12%, P < 0.0001) and @entity294 (16 vs. 8%, P < 0.05). Analysis by intention to treat showed that @entity1 allocated to @entity11669 , compared with placebo, had 0.2% significantly lower median @entity4051 c at 3 years (P < 0.001). In @entity1 remaining on their allocated therapy, the HbA1c difference at 3 years (309 @entity11669 , 470 placebo) was 0.5% lower median HbA1c (8.1 vs. 8.6%, P < 0.0001). @entity11669 appeared to be equally efficacious when given in addition to diet alone; in addition to monotherapy with a @entity4136 , @entity2449 , or insulin; or in combination with more complex treatment regimens. No significant differences were seen in FPG, body weight, incidence of @entity4053 , or frequency of major clinical events. CONCLUSIONS: @entity11669 significantly improved glycemic control over 3 years in @entity1 with established type 2 @entity6 , irrespective of concomitant therapy for @entity6 . Careful titration of @entity11669 is needed in view of the increased noncompliance rate seen secondary to the known side effects.

title: A randomized double-blind trial of @entity11669 in type 2 @entity6 shows improved glycemic control over 3 years (U.K. Prospective XXXX Study 44)

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity11669 :: ('MESH:D020909', 'Chemical') :: ['acarbose', 'Acarbose']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: A @entity3402 -resistant toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive @entity2718 caused an outbreak among 24 hospitalized @entity1 at the Department of Surgery, the Intensive Care unit, and the Department of Internal Medicine of an 800-bed academic hospital. Nineteen @entity1 had undergone a surgical intervention and all 24 @entity1 received at least one dose of antibiotics prior to the development of @entity2718 -associated @entity294 . Twenty-seven episodes of @entity2718 -associated @entity294 in 24 @entity1 were categorized as mild (n=19), severe (n=7), or fatal (n=1). Relapses occurred in three @entity1 . Nineteen of the 27 episodes required anti-Clostridium difficile treatment. Molecular typing performed by arbitrary primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR amplification of rRNA intergenic spacer regions revealed that the outbreak strains recovered from culture were identical. The outbreak strain belonged to serogroup F and was resistant to @entity2929 , @entity3402 , and @entity803 , whereas susceptibility to @entity2755 varied. No phenotypic activity of enterotoxin A was detected. A deletion of approximately 1.7 kb was found in the toxin A gene. Cytotoxin B had an unusual effect on cell culture assays that, at first, was not recognized as @entity2718 specific but could be neutralized with anti-Clostridium difficile B cytotoxin.

title: Nosocomial outbreak of @entity2718 -associated @entity294 due to a XXXX -resistant enterotoxin A-negative strain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile strain', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity3402 :: (MESH:D002981,Chemical) :: ['clindamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of anterior commissure involvement on rates of local control, recurrence, and laryngeal preservation in @entity1 with early @entity5 (T1a-T2 lesions, staged according to the TNM staging system) treated with laser microsurgical resection. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: A tertiary university referral center. @entity1 : Forty-eight @entity1 with early glottic (T1-T2a) @entity5 . INTERVENTION: Laser endoscopic resection of @entity5 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluation of local control and larynx preservation rates. RESULTS: Among 48 @entity1 presenting with early @entity5 , the anterior commissure was involved in 24 cases. The local control rate was 79% (19 cases), and the larynx preservation rate was 96% (23 cases). In the 24 cases without anterior commissure involvement, the local control rate was 96% (23 cases) and the corresponding larynx preservation rate was 100% (24 cases). The rate of local recurrence with anterior commissure involvement was 21% (5 cases) and was 4% (1 case) when this site was not compromised by the @entity5 . This difference was not statistically significant (P = .08). When the anterior commissure was compromised by a lesion, more surgical margins taken from the @entity1 after the completion of surgery (additional margins) were compromised by @entity957 ( @entity957 ) on permanent section (33% [8 cases]) compared with 0% from @entity1 with anterior commissure involvement (P = .003), despite the fact that these margins were negative for disease on frozen section. Cases with additional margins compromised by @entity957 on permanent section (P = .004) and T1 lesions (P = .009) had a higher rate of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the tendency toward greater additional margins compromised by @entity957 and a higher rate of @entity5 recurrence in lesions with anterior commissure involvement after laser microsurgery for early @entity189 . Higher recurrence rates were observed in cases with compromised additional margins and in T1 cases.

title: Importance of anterior commissure in recurrence of early XXXX after laser endoscopic resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glottic cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['glottic cancer']


abstract: @entity4858 may produce extensive damage to the ocular surface epithelium, @entity267 , and anterior segment, resulting in permanent unilateral or bilateral @entity227 . Pathophysiological events which may influence the final visual prognosis and which are amenable to therapeutic modulation include 1) ocular surface injury, repair, and differentiation, 2) corneal stromal matrix injury, repair and/or ulceration, and 3) corneal and stromal @entity32 . Immediately following @entity130 , it is important to estimate and clinically grade the severity of limbal stem cell injury (by assessing the degree of limbal, conjunctival, and @entity63 and @entity39 ) and intraocular penetration of the noxious agent (by assessing clarity of the corneal stroma and @entity1347 ). Immediate therapy is directed toward prompt irrigation and removal of any remaining reservoir of chemical contact with the eye. Initial medical therapy is directed promoting re-epithelialization and transdifferentiation of the ocular surface, augmenting corneal repair by supporting keratocyte collagen production and minimizing ulceration related to collagenase activity, and controlling @entity32 . Early surgical therapy if indicated, is directed toward removal of necrotic corneal epithelium and conjunctiva, prompt re-establishment of an adequate limbal vascularity, and re-establishment of limbal stem cell population early in the clinical course, if sufficient evidence exists of complete limbal stem cell loss. Re-establishment of limbal stem cells by limbal autograft or allograft transplantation, or by transfer in conjunction with large diameter penetrating keratoplasty, may facilitate development of an intact, phenotypically correct corneal epithelium. Limbal stem cell transplantation may prevent the development of @entity2070 or sterile corneal corneal ulceration, simplify visual rehabilitation, and improve the visual prognosis. Advances in ocular surface transplantation techniques which allow late attempts at visual rehabilitation of a scarred and vascularized @entity267 include limbal stem cell transplantation for @entity2687 , and conjunctival and/or mucosal membrane transplantation for ocular surface mechanical dysfunction. Rehabilitation of the ocular surface may be followed, if necessary, by standard penetrating keratoplasty if all aspects of ocular surface rehabilitation are complete, or by large diameter penetrating keratoplasty if successful limbal stem cell transplantation cannot be achieved but other ocular surface rehabilitation is complete.

title: XXXX : current concepts in pathophysiology and therapy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['scleral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['Chemical injuries of the eye']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['fibrovascular pannus']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete transdifferentiation and persistent corneal epithelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chemical injury']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['Chemical injuries of the eye']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity355 ( @entity355 ) requires histologic confirmation of specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) through biopsy, a technique prone to sampling error. One method designed to improve the yield of biopsy uses @entity1543 with magnification endoscopy: enhanced magnification endoscopy (EME). This technique identifies several mucosal surface patterns, and of these, pattern types III and IV have been associated with SIM. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized trial to compare EME-directed biopsies and standard endoscopy with random biopsies in @entity1 with symptoms of @entity354 . @entity1 in the standard endoscopy group with evidence of @entity355 had four-quadrant random biopsies taken every 2 cm. If there was no @entity355 , four-quadrant biopsies were taken at the SCJ. @entity1 in the EME group had the mucosa at the SCJ classified as type I-IV based on published criteria. Biopsies targeted to type III and IV were compared to random biopsies. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-seven @entity1 enrolled (68 randomized to EME, 69 to standard endoscopy). Fifty-six (41%) had endoscopic evidence of @entity355 (20 standard endoscopy [29%] vs 36 EME [53%]). Of the @entity1 with apparent @entity355 , standard endoscopy with random biopsies confirmed SIM in 12 (60%) compared to 11 of 18 (61%) @entity1 with EME targeted biopsies of patterns type III or IV (p = 1.0). @entity1 without apparent @entity355 (N = 81) had SIM of the SCJ confirmed in 16% (8 of 49) with standard endoscopy and random biopsies compared with 8% (1 of 12) using EME-directed biopsy of pattern III or IV (p = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS: Random biopsies of endoscopically apparent @entity355 and a normal SCJ yield SIM at the same rate as targeted biopsies with EME in @entity1 with pattern types III or IV. This calls into question the utility of this technique in reducing sampling error to identify SIM.

title: Enhanced magnification-directed biopsies do not increase the detection of intestinal metaplasia in XXXX with @entity354 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']