abstract: @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) is characterized by Th2 polarized immune response. Soluble HLA (sHLA) molecules play an immunomodulatory activity. Specific immunotherapy is the only causal treatment for @entity2023 . So far no study investigated the effect of @entity13366 ( @entity13366 ) on sHLA molecules. The aim of the study was to evaluate sHLA-G and sHLA-A,-B,-C serum levels in @entity2023 @entity1 with @entity2023 before and after a pre-seasonal course of @entity13366 . Forty @entity2023 @entity1 with @entity2023 were enrolled and they assumed a pre-seasonal @entity13366 course for 3 months. Serum sHLA-G and sHLA-A,-B,-C and @entity379 and @entity3646 levels were determined by ELISA method at baseline and 3 months after the end of the @entity13366 course. Symptoms severity was assessed by a Visual Analogue Scale. Both sHLA-G and sHLA-A,-B,-C levels significantly diminished (p<0.0001 for both) after @entity13366 . Moreover, there was a highly significant relationship between the serum levels of these two soluble molecules (r=0.84). Significant relationship between symptoms evaluated by VAS and change of sHLA molecules was also evidenced (r=0.60 and 0.63). Serum cytokines were not affected by @entity13366 . Therefore, this preliminary study provides the first evidence that both sHLA-G and sHLA-A,-B,-C levels are significantly reduced by @entity13366 in @entity2023 @entity1 with @entity2023 . Therefore, the clinical implication of this study is that these soluble molecules might be interpreted as biomarker of response to @entity13366 .

title: Sublingual immunotherapy reduces soluble HLA-G and HLA-A,-B,-C serum levels in XXXX with @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'AR', 'pollen allergy']

entities_list: @entity13366 :: ('MESH:D013362', 'Disease') :: ['SLIT', 'sublingual immunotherapy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reported incidence of @entity5 during pregnancy is between 0.07% and 0.1%. The incidence of @entity14 in pregnancy was 1 per 13,000 liveborn deliveries during 1981-1989. CASE: A 33-year-old @entity1 , gravida 2, para 1, was admitted at 30 weeks' gestational age with a history of @entity548 and right upper @entity158 . Abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass located on the posterior part of the right liver and a fetus with vertex presentation. Primary cesarean section and a right hemicolectomy and wedge biopsy from the metastatic lesion on the right side of the liver at 34 weeks' gestation was performed. Histologic examination confirmed serosal and lymph node invasion of moderately differentiated mucous-secreting @entity420 of the cecum and @entity420 metastatic to the liver. The @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Only 1 of 41 cases of @entity694 during pregnancy above the peritoneal reflection has been reported to be localized to the cecum. Our case is the second such one. @entity1 with @entity14 during pregnancy usually have a poor prognosis, which may be attributable to younger age and delay in diagnosis since the initial symptoms often are presumed attributed to normal pregnancy, as in this case.

title: XXXX during pregnancy. A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This laboratory has previously demonstrated the induction of allogeneic tolerance by @entity1504 ( @entity1504 ) transplantation in miniature @entity1707 . We report here our initial attempt to induce tolerance by @entity1504 transplantation in the clinically relevant, discordant, @entity1707 -to- @entity3474 model of xenotransplantation. METHODS: Six @entity6599 received xenografts of @entity9819 VTLs. Four of these @entity6599 also received omental thymic tissue implants. All recipients were treated with an immunosuppressive conditioning regimen that included thymectomy, splenectomy, extracorporeal immunoadsorption of anti-alpha Gal antibodies, and T-cell depletion. Two control @entity6599 received sham operations, of which one also received 5x10 @entity9819 porcine thymocytes/kg intravenously. RESULTS: Transplanted @entity1504 grafts supported early thymopoiesis of recipient-type immature thymocytes, and facilitated engraftment of nonvascularized thymic omental implants. Recipients of the @entity1504 grafts demonstrated donor-specific unresponsiveness in MLR assays, development of peripheral CD45RAhigh/CD4 double positive (DP) cells, and positive cytokeratin staining of thymic stroma in the grafts for 2 months following xenotransplantation. The control @entity6599 did not show these markers of thymic reconstitution. The eventual return of Gal natural antibodies led to the destruction of graft epithelial cells and the rejection of all @entity1504 grafts by 3 months posttransplantation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1504 transplantation from @entity9819 @entity1707 to @entity6599 induced early thymopoiesis in the recipients and donor-specific cellular unresponsiveness in vitro. When coupled with additional strategies aimed at silencing humoral rejection, @entity1504 transplantation may significantly prolong xenograft survival and result in long-term tolerance.

title: Vascularized thymic lobe transplantation in a @entity1707 -to- XXXX model: a novel strategy for xenogeneic tolerance induction and T-cell reconstitution.

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascularized thymic lobe', 'VTL']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study retrospectively evaluated the effects of intraoperative electron beam irradiation on @entity1 with locally recurrent (pelvic) @entity5 . METHODS: From November 1, 1975, to December 31, 1997, 51 @entity1 underwent surgery for locally recurrent @entity5 , and 27 @entity1 received intraoperative electron beam irradiation. The intraoperative electron beam irradiation dose was 15 to 30 Gy. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at three and five years were analyzed for the 47 @entity1 who recovered postoperatively. RESULTS: Statistically significant factors related to survival included intraoperative electron beam irradiation vs. no intraoperative electron beam irradiation (P=0.0007), amount of @entity41 (slight vs. gross; P=0.0022), and symptom status (P=0.0024). Factors not associated with survival included distant @entity3 at reoperation, type of surgery for the recurrent @entity5 , external beam irradiation, pathologic grade, age, and gender. Surgical resection without intraoperative electron beam irradiation resulted in three-year and five-year survival rates of 5 and 0 percent, respectively. For @entity1 who received intraoperative electron beam irradiation, the three-year survival rate was 43 percent and five-year survival rate was 21 percent. Intraoperative electron beam irradiation was a statistically significant factor related to survival in @entity1 with and without distant @entity3 (P=0.04 and P=0.0035, respectively), with slight @entity41 (P=0.0003), or with palliative surgery (P=0.0276). CONCLUSION: The trends seen in resection with intraoperative electron beam irradiation are encouraging with regard to improvements in survival as compared with studies not using intraoperative electron beam irradiation treatment.

title: Intraoperative irradiation after surgery for locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal or rectosigmoid cancer', 'tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Experiments were conducted in 63 @entity235 to determine whether stimulation of vagal tone contributes to the decrease in O2 consumption ( @entity4962 ) that results from @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) administration. Vagal stimulation with @entity2134 did not reduce @entity4962 in conscious @entity235 . In anesthetized @entity235 , bilateral electrical cervical efferent vagal stimulation lowered both cardiac output (CO; by 46%) and @entity4962 (by 22%) over the first 5 min. Between 7 and 11 min of stimulation, CO remained decreased, but @entity4962 returned to control. Significant increases in left atrial pressure, @entity1168 , and a fall in mean arterial pressure accompanied vagal stimulation. All these effects of cervical vagal stimulation were abolished by cardiac denervation and also by pacing. Administration of a selective @entity1831 V1 agonist led to significant reductions of CO and @entity4962 . Cardiac denervation prevented the decrease in @entity4962 induced by @entity1831 infusion, but not the decrease in CO. During @entity1831 infusions, pacing at a rate slightly higher than control heart rate did not prevent the fall in CO or in @entity4962 , whereas pacing at 150 beats/min prevented part of the fall in @entity4962 . Sinoaortic denervation or @entity3897 treatment prevented the decrease in @entity4962 resulting from @entity1831 infusion. The combination of alpha- and beta-blockade did not affect the CO or the @entity4962 response to @entity1831 infusion, nor did @entity1510 treatment. The administration of atrial or ventricular extracts, but not that of alpha- @entity1 atrial natriuretic peptide, led to a significant reduction in @entity4962 . These results are compatible with the hypothesis that @entity1831 infusion increases vagal tone to the heart, which, possibly as a result of increased left atrial pressure and reduced heart rate, may release a factor reducing @entity4962 .

title: Vasopressin-induced changes in cardiac vagal tone and oxygen consumption in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of stage-evaluation for @entity6 using Fukuda's classification was assessed by the kappa coefficient. The raters consisted of 16 ophthalmologists in 3 institutions. The kappa coefficient was calculated to evaluate the inter-rater reliability. Evaluation was performed twice. The value of the kappa coefficient for the first evaluation was 0.18 and that for the second time evaluation was 0.081. The kappa coefficient for evaluation of the change of @entity989 grade was 0.24. The agreement of evaluation using color fundus photographs was higher than that using both color fundus photographs and @entity941 angiograms. The agreement of the evaluation of @entity989 grades did not correlate with periods of experience as ophthalmologists. The intra-rater agreement of the evaluation of @entity989 grades was 60-70%. These results suggested that the reliability of the evaluation of @entity989 grades was not high among ophthalmologists and that standardization in clinical investigation of @entity6 was necessary using fundus photographs and @entity941 angiograms.

title: [Reliability of evaluating grade of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: Fusion between @entity683 virus and target membranes is mediated by the viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). Replacement of the transmembrane domain of HA with a @entity4495 (GPI) membrane anchor allows lipid mixing but not the establishment of cytoplasmic continuity. This observation led to the proposal that the fusion mechanism passes through an intermediate stage corresponding to hemifusion between outer monolayers. We have used confocal fluorescence microscopy to study the movement of probes for specific bilayer leaflets of erythrocytes fusing with HA-expressing cells. @entity56512 and NBD-PC were used for specific labeling of the outer and inner membrane leaflet, respectively. In the case of GPI-HA-induced fusion, different behaviors of lipid transfer were observed, which include 1) exclusive movement of @entity56512 (hemifusion), 2) preferential movement of @entity56512 relative to NBD-PC, and 3) equal movement of both lipid analogs. The relative population of these intermediate states was dependent on the time after application of a low pH trigger for fusion. At early time points, hemifusion was more common and full redistribution of both bilayers was rare, whereas later full redistribution of both probes was frequently observed. In contrast to wild-type HA, the latter was not accompanied by mixing of the cytoplasmic marker Lucifer Yellow. We conclude that 1) the GPI-HA-mediated hemifusion intermediate is meta-stable and 2) expansion of an aqueous fusion pore requires the transmembrane and/or cytoplasmic domain of HA.

title: Meta-stability of the hemifusion intermediate induced by XXXX -anchored @entity683 hemagglutinin.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity4495 :: (MESH:D017261,Chemical) :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']


abstract: Cloned atp genes for the proton-translocating @entity24427 of the obligate aerobe @entity3882 have been demonstrated to be capable of complementing @entity526 @entity24427 (unc) mutants (Hawthorne, C. A., and Brusilow, W. S. A. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 5245-5248). To determine the minimum subunit requirements for cross-species complementation, we constructed all combinations of @entity3882 atpA, G, D, and C genes (coding for the alpha, gamma, beta, and epsilon subunits, respectively) and tested their abilities to complement two uncA (alpha subunit) and two uncD (beta subunit) mutants of @entity526 . The results indicated that complementation of either uncD mutant required atpD (beta) only. Complementation of one of the uncA (alpha) mutants required atpA, G, and D (alpha, gamma, and beta) and possibly atpE (epsilon) as well. The other uncA mutant was not complemented by any combination of @entity3882 @entity24427 genes. Complementation of a beta mutant by atpD (beta) or atpD and C (beta epsilon) produced cells which could grow aerobically on a nonfermentable @entity505 source (succinate) but not anaerobically on rich medium containing @entity413 . These @entity526 therefore had become obligate aerobes. The ability to grow anaerobically could be restored to the mutant complemented by atpD alone by growth at pH 7.5 or pH 8 in the presence of 0.1 M @entity972 .

title: Characterization of semi-uncoupled hybrid XXXX - @entity3882 F1F0 proton-translocating ATPases.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3882 :: ('1404', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus megaterium', 'B. megaterium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The intravenous injection of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) has appeared to induce @entity5 regression in metastatic @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity1199 given subcutaneously has also appeared to be effective when it is administered in association with interferon-alpha (INF), but with a lower @entity137 in comparison to the intravenous route of administration. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a subcutaneous immunotherapy with @entity1199 alone in metastatic @entity1358 . The study included 30 consecutive @entity1 affected by metastatic @entity1358 , 14 of whom had been pretreated with INF plus @entity5713 , while the other 16 @entity1 received @entity1199 as a first line therapy of their metastatic disease. @entity1199 was given subcutaneously at a dose of 3 million IU twice/day for 5 days/week for 6 consecutive weeks, corresponding to one cycle of immunotherapy. No complete response was obtained. A partial response (PR) was achieved in 10/30 (33%) @entity1 (median duration: 7 months, range 5-25), without any significant difference between @entity1 pretreated with IFN and nonpretreated @entity1 (4/14 vs 6/16). Response rate was significantly higher in nephrectomized @entity1 than in those who did not undergo nephrectomy (10/25 vs 0/5; P < 0.01). Moreover, response rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with performance status (PS) greater than 40% than in those with PS lower than 40% (10/23 vs 0/7; P < 0.01). A @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was obtained in 12/30 (40%) @entity1 (median duration 5 months, range 3-13), while the remaining 8/30 (27%) progressed. The increase in lymphocyte and eosinophil mean number was significantly higher in @entity1 with PR or @entity66 than in the progressed ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunotherapy with low-dose subcutaneous XXXX in metastatic renal carcinoma].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To have a better understanding of the clinical characteristics of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 . METHODS: The clinical data of 24 @entity1 with @entity1074 were analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the initial location of the @entity706 in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or not. Eighteen @entity1 (75.0%) had GI involvement and six (25.0%) had involvement of other extranodal sites including salivary gland in three, lung in two and bladder in one. Among the 24 cases, 12 were in stage I, 7 in stage II and 5 in stage III-IV at the time of presentation. Fourteen cases underwent endoscopic biopsy and the pathologic diagnoses were in accordance with those of post-operative specimen in 11 but different in 3. Surgical resection was performed alone in 21 @entity1 , with adjuvant chemotherapy in 7 and with adjuvant radiotherapy in 1. Three @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy only. Results of survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate was 58.8% after 1 year, 35.3% after 3 years, 29.4% after 5 years and 5.9% after 10 years. No significant difference in clinical or biologic characteristics was observed between GI and non-GI @entity1 (P > 0.05). The clinical stage and therapeutic measure had no significant relation with the prognosis. CONCLUSION: @entity1074 is an indolent disease that presents in localized extranodal location without any associated adverse prognostic factor in nearly all the @entity1 and that these @entity1 have a high response rate to treatment and a long survival.

title: [A clinical study of mucosa-associated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid tissue lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Four large double-blind placebo-controlled studies have been performed to address mortality as a primary endpoint in @entity1 with @entity712 treated with beta-blockers. Unfortunately, 2 of the studies were stopped in the interim stage, and so these trials may be somewhat underpowered for the estimation of the secondary endpoint, type of @entity204 . This endpoint is important, because if @entity1 die for reasons other than progression of @entity712 , e.g. @entity943 , then alternative antiarrhythmic agents may serve equally well or better than beta-blockers and with fewer side effects. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We assessed hazard ratios of all-cause- @entity204 , @entity204 due to progressive @entity712 and serious adverse effects leading to discontinuation of double-blind treatment. Hazard ratio = risk of @entity204 in treatment group/risk of @entity204 in placebo group. RESULTS: The pooled results showed a significant reduction in all-cause- @entity204 of 35% (p < 0.0001). The risk reduction of @entity944 , reflecting the occurrence of fatal @entity943 , similarly, showed a significant risk reduction of 37% (p < 0.0001). However, the @entity204 due to progression to @entity712 was small (13%) and statistically non-significant, indicating that progression of @entity712 , as estimated by numbers of @entity204 , was not beneficially influenced by the beta-blocker therapy. Finally, the risk of serious adverse effects leading to discontinuation of treatment with beta-blockers, was not significantly different from that for placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Beta-blockers do not reduce the risk of @entity204 due to progression of @entity712 . The beneficial effect of beta-blockers is mainly due to a reduced risk of fatal @entity943 . The risk of serious adverse effects of beta-blockers is not different from that of placebo and so there is little argument to withhold this treatment, even if it does not influence the progression of @entity712 .

title: Beta-blockers and XXXX : meta-analysis of mortality trials.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['sudden deaths, death', 'death', 'risk reduction of death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostic factors in @entity1 with @entity674 ( @entity674 ). METHODS: @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) stained histopathological slides of @entity5 from @entity1 with @entity361 growing in the gastrointestinal tract and abdomen were reviewed. Two histologically representative areas were identified and chosen for tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to demonstrate @entity2467 protein ( @entity2467 ), @entity2280 , smooth muscle actin, @entity2283 and @entity4483 protein. The relations of various clinicopathologic features to outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall disease-specific survival of 194 @entity1 was 93.5% at 1 year, 72.1% at 3 years and 63.2% at 5 years. Univariate analysis indicated that the @entity5 size, mitotic count, primary location, @entity39 , high cellularity, mucosal invasion, mixed cell type, @entity548 , direct @entity5 invasion of surrounding tissue, male sex, @entity445 , cytologic atypia were significant predictors of survival. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 size, mitotic count, @entity39 , direct @entity5 invasion of surrounding tissue and male sex were poor prognostic signs. CONCLUSION: Tumor size and mitotic count are important prognostic factors. However, to evaluate the prognosis of these @entity5 , a surgical pathologist should incorporate multiple parameters into their histologic evaluation in attempt to reach an appropriate opinion on the @entity146 of @entity674 .

title: [Multivariate analysis of prognosis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity445 :: ('MESH:C536298', 'Disease') :: ['incompleteness of resection']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal neoplasms']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite a growing literature on the efficacy of behavioral @entity353 interventions, we still know relatively little about the long terms effects they have on HRQL. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the immediate post-intervention (6 months) and long-term (12 and 24 months) effects of clinically based weight management programs on HRQL. METHODS: We conducted a randomized clinical trial in which all @entity1 completed a 6 month clinical @entity353 program and were randomized into two 6-month extended care groups. @entity1 then returned at 12 and 24 months for follow-up assessments. A total of 144 individuals (78% @entity1 , M age = 50.2 (9.2) yrs, M BMI = 32.5 (3.8) kg/m2) completed the 6 month intervention and 104 returned at 24 months. Primary outcomes of weight and HRQL using the SF-36 were analyzed using multivariate repeated measures analyses. RESULTS: There was complete data on 91 @entity1 through the 24 months of the study. At baseline the @entity1 scored lower than U.S. age-specific population norms for bodily @entity158 , vitality, and mental health. At the completion of the 6 month clinical intervention there were increases in the physical and mental composite measures as well as physical functioning, general health, vitality, and mental health subscales of the SF-36. Despite some weight regain, the improvements in the mental composite scale as well as the physical functioning, vitality, and mental health subscales were maintained at 24 months. There were no significant main effects or interactions by extended care treatment group or @entity353 group (whether or not they maintained 5% loss at 24 months). CONCLUSION: A clinical weight management program focused on behavior change was successful in improving several factors of HRQL at the completion of the program and many of those improvements were maintained at 24 months. Maintaining a significant @entity353 (> 5%) was not necessary to have and maintain improvements in HRQL.

title: Health-related quality of life following a clinical XXXX intervention among overweight and obese adults: intervention and 24 month follow-up effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: @entity661 is characterised by an atypical distribution of left ventricular (LV) dysynergy with @entity661 and compensatory basal @entity2915 . Coronary angiography is normal. Several substrates have been put forward to explain the underlying pathophysiology such as raised @entity2922 levels (due to physical or emotional stress), multivessel epicardial coronary @entity2473 or diffuse microvascular @entity2473 . However, the pathophysiology has not yet been fully clarified. We present a series of cases whose findings could explain the mechanism underlying this syndrome. Four consecutives @entity1 , all female, were admitted with the clinical features typical of @entity661 . In all, severe widespread transient LV mid-apical a/ @entity910 was associated with a mid-cavity dynamic obstruction which resolved prior to the resolution of the LV wall motion abnormalities. In all cases the dynamic LV obstruction was related to localised mid-ventricular septal thickening. After improvement in wall motion, a low-dose strain/strain rate dobutamine stress-echocardiography (DSE) was performed to determine the underlying ischaemic substrate. This provoked an LV mid-cavity gradient at peak dose in all. Regional deformation changes during DSE showed the affected myocardium to have the typical response diagnostic of regional stunning. CONCLUSION: We postulate that an important unrecognised factor in the development of @entity661 is the presence of abnormal myocardial functional architecture (such as localised mid-ventricular septal thickening), which in the presence of @entity2700 and/or raised @entity2922 levels due to physical or emotional stress, leads the development of a severe transient LV mid-cavity obstruction. This effectively sub-divides the LV into two functionally different chambers with a marked increase in wall stress in the high pressure distal apical chamber. This, in combination with the abnormal high circulating @entity2922 levels, induces widespread sub-endocardial ischaemia which is unrelated to a specific coronary artery territory. With rehydration/fall in @entity2922 levels the interventricular gradient resolves and distal function recovers. Low dose SR/S DSE confirms that the distal ischaemic substrate is @entity1562 .

title: XXXX : new insights into the possible underlying pathophysiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinesis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Tako-Tsubo syndrome', 'Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy', 'apical ballooning']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stunning']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity694 located at the @entity4558 are rare and show a higher occlusive risk than other @entity14 . The totally laparoscopic segmental resection of @entity4558 represents a challenging procedure that requires adequate technical skills and for this reason it is still not widespread and validated. Between October 2010 and March 2012, a consecutive unselected series of eight (N = 8) @entity1 underwent totally laparoscopic @entity4558 resection at our Institute. Data on @entity1 ' demographics, disease features, @entity7441 and short-term follow-up were prospectively recorded in a specific database and retrospectively analyzed. All the operations were performed or supervised by the same surgeon (I.S.). We used a four-port medial-to-lateral standardized technique with intracorporeal anastomosis. A selective vascular ligation was performed in all cases and the specimens were extracted through a protected incision. Perioperative care plan and surgical instrumentations were standardized. Complications were classified using the Clavien-Dindo classification system. No conversion to open surgery was registered. All cases achieved an adequate number of lymph nodes harvested (22.9    5.2) and an oncologically correct resection of the @entity5 (proximal margin 7.0    2.4 cm, distal margin 7.1    2.8 cm). The mean hospital stay was 6.1    1.3 days. @entity260 rate according to the Clavien-Dindo system was 37.5 %, but all the complications reported were grade I. We did not observe any reoperation or readmission within 60 days after discharge. Totally laparoscopic @entity4558 resection is a feasible and reproducible technique. A correct surgical indication and a standardized technique allow to perform an oncologically safe and functionally effective treatment.

title: Totally laparoscopic resection of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['operative details']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['splenic flexure for tumor']


abstract: Tissues from the cerebral cortex, liver and myocardium of a @entity1 with @entity21244 were obtained at autopsy and were studied biochemically. 1. @entity413 content in the myocardium and liver was almost nil while that in the controls was 0.66 mg/g wet weight in the former and 8.80 mg/g wet weight in the latter. Glycogen content in the cerebral cortex and myocardium was about 10 and 3 times more than in controls. 2. Polyglucosan extracted from the cerebral cortex, liver and myocardium had a longer exterior @entity413 chain than that in the liver of the control but a normal, alpha or beta 1,4-glucosidic linkage was observed. 3. The activities of @entity413 -6-phosphatase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in the cerebral cortex, liver and myocardium were well preserved. The activities of acid maltase in the three organs mentioned above and of neutral maltase in the myocardium were elevated twice and one and half times more than the control. Phosphorylase levels in the myocardium were extremely small, while in the cerebral cortex and liver normal activities were observed. In light of these findings, glycogen metabolism in @entity21244 is discussed.

title: Biochemical studies on tissues from a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21244 :: ('MESH:D020192', 'Disease') :: ['Lafora disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose', 'glucose']

answer: @entity21244 :: (MESH:D020192,Disease) :: ['Lafora disease']


abstract: The location, timing and intensity of Nodal signalling are all critical for proper patterning of the vertebrate embryo. Genetic evidence from @entity19 and @entity3392 indicates that EGF-CFC family members are essential for Nodal ligands to signal. However, the @entity1238 EGF-CFC, @entity52341 , has been implicated in Wnt signalling and in activation of Erk MAP kinase. Here, we identify two additional @entity1238 EGF-CFCs, @entity52342 and @entity52343 . We have focused on the role of @entity52341 / @entity52341 and @entity52343 , which are both expressed at gastrula stages when Nodal signalling is active. We demonstrate spatial and temporal regulation of @entity52341 protein expression, whereas @entity52343 appears to be expressed ubiquitously. Using gain and loss of function approaches, we show that @entity52341 and @entity52343 are required for Nodal-related ligands to signal during early @entity1238 development. Moreover, different Nodal-related ligands require different XCRs to signal. When both @entity52341 and @entity52343 are knocked down, activation of the Nodal intracellular signal transducer, @entity52344 , is severely inhibited and neither gastrulation nor mesendoderm formation occurs. Together our results indicate that the XCRs are important for modulation of the timing and intensity of Nodal signalling in @entity1238 embryos.

title: A novel Cripto-related protein reveals an essential role for EGF-CFCs in Nodal signalling in XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: A prematurely born @entity1 developed @entity190 several hours after birth, after his first formula feeding. Discontinuing the feeding resolved symptoms, but after resuming feeding @entity190 reappeared. There were no signs of @entity3166 . Suspecting @entity291 's @entity6132 , the feeding was changed to a casein-based protein hydrolysate, without effect. Meanwhile, laboratory tests indicated @entity291 's @entity6132 . Symptoms only resolved after introducing an @entity535 -based formula supporting a definite diagnosis of @entity291 's milk-induced @entity56 . This is the first description of a premature @entity1 with symptoms of @entity56 , appearing within hours after birth, suggestive of intrauterine sensitization. The exact mechanisms of sensitization remain obscure. CONCLUSION: @entity291 's milk-induced @entity56 can occur after the first feed, even in a prematurely born neonate. This is most probably due to intrauterine sensitization, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity190 .

title: XXXX presenting within the first hours of premature life.

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['rectal blood loss']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic colitis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic colitis']


abstract: @entity4495 (GPI)-anchored proteins are involved in cell wall integrity and cell-cell interactions. We disrupted the @entity5132 homologue of the @entity375 @entity56365 / @entity56365 gene, which encodes a GPI anchor-modifying activity. In the mutant and on solid media, the @entity375 -to-hyphae transition was blocked, whereas chlamydospore formation was enhanced. However, the morphogenetic switch was normal in liquid medium. Abnormal budding patterns, cytokinesis and cell shape were observed in both liquid and solid media. The cell wall structure was also modified in the mutants, as shown by @entity56 to Calcofluor white. In vitro and in vivo assays revealed that the mutant interacted with its host in a modified way, resulting in reduced virulence in @entity19 and reduced survival in the gastrointestinal environment of @entity19 . The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway of macrophages was downregulated by the wild-type cells but not by the DeltaCagpi7 null strains. In agreement with this @entity854 , mutant cells were more sensitive to the lytic action of macrophages. Our results indicate that a functional GPI anchor is required for full hyphal formation in @entity5132 , and that perturbation of the GPI biosynthesis results in @entity56 to host defences.

title: Complete @entity4495 anchors are required in XXXX for full morphogenesis, virulence and resistance to macrophages.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behaviour']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: The intrapleural injection of @entity56374 produces pleurodesis in @entity95 associated with large @entity1143 . This study investigated whether @entity94 ( @entity94 ) antibody has any effect on the fluid production or the pleurodesis induced by TGF-beta2. INTERVENTIONS AND MEASUREMENTS: Three groups of seven New Zealand white @entity95 were administered TGF-beta2 5.0 microg intrapleurally. Two groups received anti- @entity94 antibody (10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg) IV 24 h before TGF-beta2 injection, and the third group received no antibody. The @entity95 were killed at 2 weeks, and the macroscopic pleurodesis score was determined. The degree of @entity456 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII. RESULTS: The administration of anti- @entity94 antibodies had no significant effect on the pleural fluid volume or the characteristics of the fluid. The mean pleurodesis score of the seven @entity95 in the control group (7.71 +/- 0.76) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that for seven @entity95 in the low-dose treatment group (4.43 +/- 2.37) and the seven @entity95 in the high-dose treatment group (4.57 +/- 2.36) [+/- ]. The percentage of pleural tissue demonstrating angiogenesis in the control group (4.87 +/- 0.43%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that for the low-dose (2.94 +/- 0.68%) or high-dose (2.67 +/- 0.64%) antibody groups. When all @entity95 were considered, there was a highly significant correlation between the pleural vascular density scores and the pleurodesis scores (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity94 and angiogenesis appear to play a pivotal role in the production of a pleurodesis.

title: Pleurodesis is inhibited by XXXX antibody.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity56374 :: ('100009371(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2']

entities_list: @entity94 :: ('100008899(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'anti-vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural angiogenesis']

answer: @entity94 :: (100008899(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['anti-vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pre-excitation syndromes can elicit electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities that are nearly identical to those associated with @entity741 . In the presence of atypical symptoms, stable hemodynamics, and unremarkable levels of cardiac enzymes, the decision whether to subject these @entity1 to coronary angiography, or even non-invasive testing, can be difficult. OBJECTIVE: To understand that @entity3155 can mimic acute @entity296 , but should not preclude a complete ischemic work-up. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old @entity1 with @entity3153 and @entity453 risk factors presented with new-onset substernal @entity662 . A baseline ECG was significant for hyperacute T waves. After refusing cardiac catheterization, he was admitted to the cardiac care unit for intravenous heparin and eptifibatide. Although his stay was unremarkable and resting echocardiogram showed normal contractility and valve function, treadmill stress testing was negative for ischemic change, but revealed @entity308 with maximum stress in the lateral precordial leads. This was thought to be  a "false positive" secondary to his conduction abnormality. CONCLUSION: No reliable algorithm exists for making an ECG diagnosis of @entity583 in the presence of a @entity3155 . Similarly, current non-invasive modalities have limitations in detecting jeopardized myocardium. If acute or @entity130 is suspected, the @entity1 should be emergently referred for cardiac catheterization.

title: Hyperacute T-waves: XXXX or acute coronary syndrome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity3155 :: ('MESH:D011226', 'Disease') :: ['pre-excitation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperacute injury']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern']


abstract: AIMS: The main objective was to use IVUS-backscatter radiofrequency (IVUS-RF) to assess the degradation of a bioabsorbable stent by measuring serial changes in dense @entity460 (DC) and @entity39 core (NC) as assessed by intravascular ultrasound-Virtual Histology (IVUS-VH) and in the strain as assessed by palpography. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the ABSORB trial, 27 @entity1 treated with a single bioabsorbable @entity2239 -eluting stent (BVS, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA) were all imaged with IVUS-RF post-stenting and at 6-month follow-up, and 13 and 12 @entity1 were also investigated pre-stenting with IVUS-VH and palpography respectively. From pre- to post-stenting, with VH (n = 13), there was an increase in mean "DC" (9.8 vs. 25.4%, p = 0.0002) and "NC" (15.5 vs. 30.5%, p = 0.0002). In palpography (n = 12), the mean number of frames with Rotterdam Classification (ROC) III/IV per cm decreased from 1.22 +/- 1.91 to 0.12 +/- 0.31 (p = 0.0781) and the mean cumulative strain values (all frames with ROC I-IV scores) changed from 0.50 +/- 0.27 to 0.20 +/- 0.10% (p = 0.0034). Comparing post-stenting with follow-up (n = 27), VH showed a decrease in "DC" (29.7% vs. 21.1%, p = 0.0001). "NC" also decreased (26.9 vs. 21.5%, p = 0.0027). For palpography (n = 25 @entity1 ), an increase in the mean number of frames with ROC III/IV per cm was observed from 0.09 +/- 0.26 to 0.22 +/- 0.36 (p = -0.1563) while the mean cumulative strain values (all frames with ROC I-IV scores) changed from 0.15 +/- 0.10 to 0.26 +/- 0.12% (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: IVUS-VH changes at 6 months suggest alteration of the BVS with reduction of RF backscattering by polymeric struts. Strained plaques on the palpograms were almost abolished following stent implantation. However, strain values reappeared within 6 months suggesting an increase in endoluminal deformability of the stented vessel.

title: Assessment of the absorption process following bioabsorbable XXXX -eluting stent implantation: temporal changes in strain values and tissue composition using intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis. A substudy of the ABSORB clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: This paper describes the therapeutic complementation carried out by @entity5 @entity1 , assisted at 4 hospitals of Buenos Aires City. The authors propose to classify non conventional medicines, taking into account the sociocultural and historical context of Argentina. These categories discriminate among complementary/alternative medicines (CAM), self-treatment, traditional medicines (TM), and religious healing. The unit of analyses was a sample of 200 @entity1 . The information was collected in semi-structured and open interviews. Results show that 90% of @entity1 consult other medicines, at least once. CAM: 72%, self-treatment: 97%, TM: 22%, religious healing 42%. Fourty four percent of @entity1 with progressive @entity5 and long duration sickness consulted two or more medicines, while only 20% of @entity1 with primary and located @entity5 consulted two or more medicines. The familiarization with traditional medicines is associated to the preference for traditional healers; it increases from 22 to 55% of the immigrants and @entity1 from inside Argentina and neighboring countries. Taking into account religious identity, it was noted that pentecostals and evangelists without exception consulted their own therapeutic rituals and rejected traditional medicine. Among catholics, 75% prefer their own religious offering and 25% other religious practices, and do not reject traditional medicines because of religious factors. There were no differences in gender or age.

title: [Nonconventional therapies in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIMS: We investigated the influence of different aspects of @entity167 consumption on the risk of @entity2175 and autoimmune @entity6 in adults. METHODS: We used data from the Nord-Tr  ndelag Health Survey (HUNT) study, in which all adults aged >=  20 years from Nord-Trondelag County were invited to participate in three surveys in 1984-1986, 1995-1997 and 2006-2008. @entity1 with @entity6 were identified using self-reports, and @entity1 with onset age >=  35 years were classified as having @entity2175 if they were negative for anti- @entity367 decarboxylase (n = 1841) and as having autoimmune @entity6 if they were positive for anti- @entity367 decarboxylase (n = 140). Hazard ratios of amount and frequency of @entity167 use, alcoholic beverage choice, and binge drinking and @entity167 use disorders were estimated. RESULTS: Moderate @entity167 consumption (adjusted for confounders) was associated with a reduced risk of @entity2175 in @entity1 , but not in @entity1 (hazard ratio for @entity1 10-15 g/day 0.48, 95% CI 0.28-0.77; hazard ratio for @entity1 >=  10 g/day 0.81, 95% CI 0.33-1.96). The reduced risk was primarily linked to consumption of wine [hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99 (per g/day)]. No increased risk was seen in @entity1 reporting binge drinking or in problem drinkers. The results were also compatible with a reduced risk of autoimmune @entity6 associated with @entity167 consumption [hazard ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.45-1.08 (frequent consumption) and hazard ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.13-0.97 (2-7 g/day)]. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate @entity167 consumption associates with reduced risk of both @entity2175 and autoimmune @entity6 . A protective effect of @entity167 intake may be limited to @entity1 . High @entity167 consumption does not seem to carry an increased risk of @entity6 .

title: @entity167 consumption is associated with reduced risk of XXXX and autoimmune @entity6 in adults: results from the Nord-Tr  ndelag health study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['Type 2 diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity30305 on @entity354 . METHODS: 45 @entity1 with endoscopically proven @entity354 were enrolled in 6 Chinese hospitals. All the @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups. 25 @entity1 were allocated to a study group; @entity30305 was given 1.0 g four times daily for 6 weeks. The remaining 20 @entity1 were allocated to a control group; @entity4546 was given 20 mg twice daily in the first 2 weeks and 20 mg once daily in the following 4 weeks. Reflux symptoms including heartburn, regurgitation and @entity662 were evaluated during visits after 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. At the end of 6 weeks, endoscopy was performed to study the healing rate. Monitoring of esophageal 24-hour pH and @entity648 was performed in 17 @entity1 of the study group and 13 @entity1 of the control group respectively. RESULTS: Both @entity30305 and @entity4546 could improve the reflux symptoms. One week after treatment the symptom scores of heartburn, regurgitation and @entity662 were significantly decreased in both groups (P < 0.01) and symptom scores were decreased even more after 6 weeks. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). At the end of the treatment, endoscopic healing rate and effective rate was 64.28% and 78.57% respectively in the study group, being similar to that of 66.67% and 93.33% in the control group. Combined monitoring of 24-hour esophageal pH and @entity648 showed that both @entity30305 and @entity4546 could greatly decrease the total time of pH < 4, total time percentage of pH < 4, total time of @entity648 absorption > or = 0.14 and total time percentage of @entity648 absorption > or = 0.14. After treatment, the results of 24-hour esophageal pH and @entity648 combined monitoring became normal in 5 @entity1 (29.41%) of the study group, while the results became normal in 10 @entity1 (76.92%) of the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity30305 is an effective medication for the treatment of @entity354 .

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of @entity354 : a multicenter clinical study].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity30305 :: ('MESH:C010467', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrotalcite', 'Hydrotalcite']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity30305 :: (MESH:C010467,Chemical) :: ['Hydrotalcite']


abstract: The @entity329 embryo (SHE) cell system was used to evaluate the ability of two hepatocarcinogenic structurally related peroxisome proliferators (PPs) to induce morphological transformation (MT) of SHE colonies and to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). @entity12880 and @entity7325 ( @entity3824 ), which was shown to be a more active PP and a more potent carcinogen in vivo than @entity12880 , were compared. @entity3824 appeared slightly more active in vitro than @entity12880 in affecting MT and GJIC of SHE cells. The morphological transformation of SHE colonies was induced by 50 microM @entity3824 , against 100 microM @entity12880 . Moreover, 50 microM @entity3824 potentiated the transforming effects of both @entity3014 and @entity864 . The inhibition of GJIC, measured by transfer of lucifer yellow, was transient and occurred at concentrations inducing morphological transformation. @entity3824 inhibited dye transfer at 50 microM and the inhibition lasted up to 24 h at 100 microM. Inhibition of communication lasted only 4 h with @entity12880 and occurred at a higher concentration (175 microM). This study showed that both the @entity55119 were able to display the different activities of the two PPs, even though the difference in potency observed was smaller than in vivo. It also revealed interactions between non-genotoxic carcinogens and the ability of the SHE cell transformation assay to detect these combined effects.

title: Comparative effects of @entity12880 and @entity7325 on morphological transformation and intercellular communication of XXXX embryo cells.

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate', 'Clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity55119 :: ('MESH:D002472', 'Disease') :: ['SHE cell transformation and dye transfer assays']

entities_list: @entity7325 :: ('MESH:D002992', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl clofenapate']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamster']


abstract: A 75-year-old @entity1 had for many years taken the commercially sold medicine PABRON-S whenever he caught a cold. He caught a cold and took the drug six days before admission. When PABRON-S was not available, he took PABRON-GOLD and experienced @entity1353 the next day. A roentgenogram at another hospital revealed bilateral diffuse lung shadows. He was referred to our hospital. A thoracic CT scan showed bilateral interstitial shadows. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contained inflammatory cells including neutrophils and lymphocytes. Examination of a transbronchial lung biopsy specimen showed infiltration of mononuclear cells into the thick alveolar wall and interstitum. A drug lymphocyte stimulation test with PABRON-GOLD was positive. Based on these findings, we believe that this @entity1 had drug-induced @entity55 caused by PABRON-GOLD. He was treated with a @entity134 hormone and his symptoms resolved immediately, the abnormal roentgenographic shadows remained longer.

title: [Drug-induced XXXX associated PABRON-GOLD].

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We retrospectively reviewed the results of 3 types of initial management of @entity174 urethral disruption in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1980 to 1994, 35 @entity1 2 to 15 years old (mean age 8.1) with prostatomembranous urethral disruption were treated, including 17 who also had associated injuries. Immediate treatment included suprapubic cystostomy and delayed urethroplasty in 19 @entity1 (group 1), urethral catheter alignment without traction and concomitant suprapubic cystostomy in 10 (group 2), and primary retropubic anastomotic urethroplasty in 6 (group 3). RESULTS: In all @entity1 in groups 1 and 2 severe urethral obliteration developed. Four group 3 @entity1 (66%) had a stricture at the site of anastomotic repair. After delayed urethroplasty 16 group 1 (84%) and all 10 group 2 @entity1 were continent. However, only 3 group 3 @entity1 (50%) achieved continence. Retrospectively associated @entity1494 occurred in 5 of the 6 incontinent @entity1 . Erections were observed before and after treatment in all but 3 @entity1 . Unstable pelvic ring @entity174 (type IV) comprised 28% of all @entity174 with a high rate of associated injuries. CONCLUSIONS: As described, urethral alignment was not beneficial for avoiding urethral obliteration. Therefore we recommend suprapublic cystostomy as the only form of initial treatment in these cases. @entity322 seems more likely related to associated @entity1494 and the severity of @entity174 rather than to initial treatment or delayed urethral repair. Consequently, when associated @entity1494 is present, we advocate immediate surgical repair.

title: Immediate management of posterior urethral disruptions due to XXXX : therapeutic alternatives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck rupture', 'bladder neck injury']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'pelvic fracture', 'pelvic fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pelvic fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity154 of the coronary arteries are rarely encountered in @entity1 undergoing cardiac catheterization. In @entity1 undergoing coronary angioplasty or cardiac surgery, angiographic recognition of @entity301 is important for the proper management of these @entity1 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 12,844 @entity1 who had previously undergone coronary angiography in the catheterization laboratory of Trakya University Cardiology Department over the past 14 years. We tried to investigate the presence of a variety of @entity301 in these @entity1 to determine the prevalence of various @entity154 and their anatomic variation in a selected population of the European part of @entity233 . The potential association between @entity453 and @entity301 was also investigated. RESULTS: Among these @entity1 , 95 @entity1 were found to have major @entity301 that predominantly comprised anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries. Among the major anomalies, anomalous aortic origin of the left circumflex (LCX) artery from the right sinus of Valsalva or right coronary artery (RCA) was found to be the the most prevalent (46 out of 95 @entity1 ) outnumbering the second most common @entity154 that was anomalous aortic origin of the RCA (32 out of 95 @entity1 ). In the present study, the incidence of major @entity453 was found to be 0.74 %. However, only about one third of the @entity1 (31 out of 95, 32.6%) with @entity154 had significant @entity453 among whom nine were found to involve the LCX artery with a posterior course. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity301 in a selected population of the European part of @entity233 is similar to those of other populations. Congenital @entity301 generally present as @entity154 and are not associated with an increased risk of @entity453 in this series. Cardiologists and surgeons should be familiar with these entities for the proper management of @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery or coronary angioplasty.

title: A retrospective study of angiographic ally determined anomalous coronary arteries in 12,844 subjects in Thrace region of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'Congenital anomalies', 'types of anomalies', 'major anomaly', 'isolated anomalies']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary anomalies', 'congenital coronary anomalies']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic lesions', 'coronary atherosclerosis', 'coronary arterial anomaly']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: Past studies have shown that @entity694 , which are the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissues (GALT) in the colon, become much more pronounced in hapten-induced @entity19 @entity1960 , and this was associated with @entity61 -type T cell responses. To address the role of GALT in @entity32 , experimental @entity1960 was induced in @entity19 either lacking organized GALT or with altered GALT structures. @entity1959 was used to induce @entity1960 in @entity19 given lymphotoxin-beta receptor-Ig fusion protein ( @entity29956 -Ig) in utero, a treatment that blocked the formation of both Peyer's and @entity694 . @entity19 @entity694 patches developed focal acute ulcers with @entity630 -type responses, whereas lesions in normal @entity19 were of a diffuse mucosal type with both @entity630 - and @entity61 -type cytokine production. We next determined whether @entity29956 -Ig could be used to treat @entity1960 in normal or @entity61 -dominant, @entity60 gene knockout ( @entity60 (-/-)) @entity19 . Four weekly treatments with @entity29956 -Ig resulted in deletion of Peyer's and @entity694 with significant decreases in numbers of dendritic cells. This pretreatment protected @entity60 (-/-) @entity19 from @entity1959 -induced @entity1960 ; however, in normal @entity19 this weekly treatment was less protective. In these @entity19 @entity1184 of @entity694 was seen after induction of @entity1960 . We conclude that @entity61 -type @entity1960 is dependent upon the presence of @entity694 . The effect of @entity29956 -Ig was mediated through prevention of colonic patch @entity1184 in the absence of @entity60 . Thus, @entity29956 -Ig may offer a possible treatment for the @entity61 -dominant form of @entity1960 .

title: Elimination of @entity694 with XXXX -Ig prevents @entity61 cell-type @entity1960 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['colonic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid', 'Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in colonic', 'colonic patches']

answer: @entity29956 :: (17000(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['lymphotoxin beta receptor']


abstract: Only half the adult male @entity35 which are placed on a diet relatively high in calories, fat, and @entity969 (HE diet) develop diet-induced @entity28 (DIO). The rest are diet-resistant (DR). Some chow-fed @entity35 prone to develop DIO on an HE diet have greater initial food intake of this diet and all have greater @entity413 -induced plasma @entity1063 (NE) increases than DR-prone @entity35 . Here we looked for a relationship of @entity969 preference or 24-hour urinary @entity2922 excretion as possible phenotypic markers of the DIO- and DR-prone states before HE diet exposure as a function of age. When begun on an HE diet at 3 months of age, DIO-prone @entity35 gained 30% more weight over 3 months than DR-prone @entity35 and had 35% heavier retroperitoneal fat pads. While still on chow, @entity969 preferences were similar, but 24 hour urine NE levels were 29% higher in DIO- than in DR-prone @entity35 . The slope of the curve of urine NE versus body @entity1017 after 3 months on HE diet was 4-fold greater in DIO- than in DR-prone @entity35 . After 3 months on the HE diet, there was no statistical relationship between 24-hour urine NE and body weight or prior body @entity1017 in DIO or DR @entity35 . Six-month-old DIO-prone @entity35 had 126% and 128% more urine NE and gained 112% and 232% more weight after 3 months on HE diet than DR-prone and chow-fed @entity35 , respectively. Only DIO-prone @entity35 showed a correlation (r=0.879; p=0.05) between urine NE levels and subsequent @entity1017 on HE diet. Thus, 3- or 6-month-old DIO- and DR-prone @entity35 can be identified by their 24-hour basal urine NE levels but not @entity969 preference prior to HE diet exposure. While this may suggest higher basal sympathetic activity in DIO-prone @entity35 , other explanations are possible.

title: Sympathetic activity, age, XXXX preference, and diet-induced @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['sucrose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: White matter disruption is known to contribute to @entity149 after @entity21 ( @entity21 ). This study evaluated the relationship between white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging in the early stage and cognitions in the chronic stage. METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in 15 @entity1 with @entity21 within 7 days of injury and in 15 @entity1 in the control group. Fractional anisotropy (FA), @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), @entity5221 ( @entity5221 ), and radial diffusivity (RD) were calculated within regions of interest, including the posterior limb of the internal capsule, uncinate fasciculus (UF), anterior corona radiate (ACR), superior @entity3057 ( @entity75 ), genu of the corpus callosum, body of the corpus callosum, and splenium of the corpus callosum and cingulum bundle (CB). The @entity1 with @entity21 and the @entity1 in the control group also underwent neuropsychological testing during the chronic stage after @entity21 . RESULTS: The region-of-interest analysis showed significantly reduced FA and @entity5221 values in all nine regions within 7 days of injury as well as increased @entity1893 values in the corpus callosum among @entity1 in the @entity21 group. The @entity1 demonstrated significantly poorer performance on the working memory tests and attention test. In @entity1 , working memory function was positively correlated with the @entity5221 value in the UF and with the FA value in the CB, UF, @entity3057 , and @entity75 . Working memory function was inversely correlated with the RD value in the CB, @entity3057 , and @entity75 and with the @entity1893 value in the @entity3057 and @entity75 . In addition, the attention function demonstrated a positive correlation with the RD value in the ACR, @entity3057 , and @entity75 and with the @entity1893 value in the ACR, @entity3057 , and @entity75 . In addition, attention was inversely correlated with the FA values for the posterior limb of the internal capsule, ACR, @entity3057 , and @entity75 . CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the presence of white matter changes during the early stage of @entity21 may be helpful for predicting @entity73 over the long term. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level III.

title: Detection of white matter lesions in the acute stage of XXXX predicts long-term @entity73 : a clinical diffusion tensor imaging study.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity5221 :: ('MESH:C537792', 'Disease') :: ['axial diffusivity', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['SLF', 'longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['diffuse axonal injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop the first Spanish Pediatric @entity130 Registry to collect and evaluate infomation concerning aspects of injuries in our pediatric population. METHODS: From January 1995 to August 1998, 35,946 @entity1 younger than 16 years were treated in our hospital for acute injury: 1500 were admitted and included in our database. Our file registry consists of 108 data points including: @entity1 identification, type, place and mechanism of injury, pre-hospital care, transport, assessment on admission, severity scores, diagnostic studies, injuries, treatment morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Accidents were more frequent in males (68%) than in females. The predominant age group was 12-15 years of age (34%). Accidents were more frequent in the street (35.1%) than at home (18.9%) or school (13%). Falls and traffic-related accidents were the leading cause of injury (39% and 21.2%, respectively). Two hundred and thirty-five (15.7%) had a Pediatric @entity130 Score < or = 8. Fifty of these sustained multiple @entity130 (33%) (Injury Severity Score > or = 15). Musculoskeletal and head @entity130 were the most frequent injuries (48.5% and 42.0%, respectively). Surgical or orthopedic procedures were performed in 906 @entity1 (56.5%). The average length of stay was 4.5 days (range 1-93 days). Functional impairment in @entity1 older than 4 years of age was found in 413 @entity1 (33.3%). We encountered 7 deaths in the 1500 @entity1 , or an overall mortality of 0.5%. These 7 deaths were only seen in the I.S.S. > or = 15 group (50 @entity1 ) with 14% mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The goals of this Registry are to establish the epidemiology of our injured pediatric population, to review @entity1 care, to develop prevention programs and to compare results with other centers so that potential deficiencies can be corrected.

title: First Spanish XXXX Registry: analysis of 1500 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the response rate, @entity137 , progression-free survival, and overall survival in a series of @entity1 with @entity43 treated with a first-line weekly @entity1205 and 3 weekly @entity3003 regimen. METHODS: All eligible @entity1 were treated with intravenous @entity1205 (30 mg/m) on days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity3003 (area under the curve, 5) on day 1; every 21 days for at least 6 cycles. RESULTS: One hundred six @entity1 received at least one cycle of primary chemotherapy (median, 6.0; range, 1-9), and they were evaluable for @entity137 assessment. Eighty-five @entity1 had evaluable (measurable) disease and received at least 3 courses of chemotherapy and were evaluable for clinical response rate. The overall response rate was 78.8% (95% confidence interval, 70.1%-87.5%), and the biochemical response 92.8% (95% confidence interval, 87.2%-98.4%). The median progression-free survival was 12.0 months and the median overall survival was 35.3 months. Thirty-six @entity1 (34.0%) experienced grades 3 and 4 @entity1398 , which resulted in the removal of 3 @entity1 . Six @entity1 (5.7%) experienced grades 3 or 4 @entity882 . No @entity1 experienced grade 3 to grade 4 @entity16 . @entity9467 , nail changes, and @entity1295 were frequently recorded nonhematologic adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: The tolerable hematologic @entity137 (no need for colony-stimulating factors) and the low rate of @entity2359 (only grades 1-2) and response rates in line with the standard 3-week @entity1311 - @entity3003 regimen for advanced primary @entity43 after suboptimal cytoreductive surgery make this regimen an interesting alternative in selected @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of XXXX weekly in combination with @entity3003 every 3 weeks as first-line chemotherapy in stage IIB to stage @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the clinical and radiographic results of arthroereisis using the Giannini endo-orthotic implant for the treatment of pediatric @entity85 , we retrospectively evaluated 37 @entity1 (65 feet). METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 and 15 @entity1 were followed for an average of 26.5 months. Their overall average age was 9.4 (range 5 to 14) years. @entity158 , function, participation in sports activity, and the changes in radiographic measurements taken at 3, 6, and 12 months and then at 1-year intervals were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity158 or discomfort decreased from 60% (22 @entity1 ) preoperatively to 6% (2 @entity1 ) postoperatively. The percentage of normal postoperative footprints was 59% (38 feet) with first-degree @entity12318 present in 27 feet (41%). Sports activities were taken up by 19 @entity1 (51%) after surgery. An 8-mm endo-orthotic implant was used in 43 (66%) feet and an Achilles tenotomy was done in 38 feet (59%). The radiographic angles with the greatest degree of correction when compared to preoperative angles were the talar-first metatarsal angle (99%) and the @entity9066 (36%). After placement of the endo-orthotic implant, the talar angle influenced the rest of the radiographic measurements. There was no postoperative deterioration in any of the radiographic angles measured during the monitoring period. Complications occurred in 10.7% of the @entity1 , with @entity282 being the most frequently reported (6% of @entity1 ). There was no infection or local reaction to a foreign body. Removal of the endo-orthotic implant was not done on a routine basis. CONCLUSION: This operative technique respects the anatomical structure of the foot and produces good clinical and radiographic results.

title: Giannini prosthesis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal-pitch']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity12318 :: (MESH:D005413,Disease) :: ['flatfoot']


abstract: @entity730 and rotator cuff tearing are among the most common tearing abnormalities of the rotator cuff. They are considered to be two different disease entities, but the two conditions can coexist. This study identifies the clinical and radiologic features of calcifying @entity924 in Oriental @entity1 and defines its relationship to rotator cuff tearing. From October 1989 through August 1992, there were 82 @entity1 with calcifying @entity924 suffering from persistent shoulder @entity158 , who received arthrographic examination. Most of the calcific depositions were located in the supraspinatus (70.7%) and infraspinatus (26.8%) tendons, and most (73.2%) were found in the critical zone. Twenty-three (28%) had arthrogrophic evidence of rotator cuff tearing, and five were confirmed by surgery. Most of the @entity1 (77.9%) in the nontear group had an ill-defined texture, whereas in the tear group almost one half had a well-defined texture (43.5% vs 56.5%). The texture, shape of the calcific deposits, and the integrity of the rotator cuff were significantly related to the size of the calcific deposit. The presence of a @entity460 deposit does not rule out the possibility of a coexisting rotator cuff tear. The sex and age distribution of calcifying @entity924 in Oriental @entity1 is differnt from information reported in the Western literature.

title: XXXX and rotator cuff tearing: A clinical and radiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Calcific tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['Calcific tendinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the clinical practice concerning the pharmacological therapy of @entity583 ( @entity583 ), comparing it with the guidelines for the management of @entity583 and exploring the reasons for its under use or over use. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical records of @entity1 with the discharge diagnosis of @entity583 . LOCATION: A central hospital in the North of Portugal. SUBJECTS: One hundred and ninety-one @entity1 admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of a central hospital in the North of Portugal between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1994. RESULTS: Thrombolytic therapy was performed in 24.1% of the @entity1 . At discharge 32.6% of the @entity1 were on therapy with beta blockers, 68% with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and 88.4% with @entity117 . Stepwise logistic regression produced the following odds ratios for the variables significantly associated with: a) thrombolytic therapy: @entity101 - 0.38; non-Q wave infarction - 0.17; time between onset of symptoms and hospital admission greater than 6 hours - 0.18; admission to coronary unit - 14.72; b) beta blocker therapy: age > 60 years - 0.23; serum LDH > 1000 U/L - 0.41; diastolic blood pressure > 85 mmHg - 3.73; Killip > 1 - 0.08; concomitant therapy with @entity460 antagonist - 0.33; previous therapy with beta blocker - 14.87; hospital stay greater than 10 days - 2.67; c) ACEI therapy: anterior wall infarction - 3.07; non Q wave infarction - 0.13; @entity712 - 9.36; serum @entity1011 > or = 15 mg/dl - 0.03. CONCLUSIONS: Beta blockers and thrombolytic are under used and ACEI overused. The delay in hospital admission is the most important factor opposing the use of thrombolytic therapy, imposing the need for measures that ean reduce this delay. Therapy with beta blockers (highly cost-effective) can be increased by educational intervention among the physicians. The overuse of ACEI can be ascribed to the good results of randomised trials.

title: [Pharmacologic treatment of XXXX : 2 large clinical trials at a central hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical aspects of @entity1 with primary @entity53510 and the specular microscopical findings/morphology in their corneal endothelial cells. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 consulting Kanazawa Medical University Hospital or related hospitals in Ishikawa or Fukui prefectures and diagnosed with primary @entity53510 by slit-lamp examination underwent an analysis of their clinical features and corneal endothelial cells. RESULTS: Most cases were middle-aged to elderly @entity1 . None of them complained of @entity227 due to @entity53510 . The 46 eyes of these cases were included in this study. Specular microscopical findings revealed that the size and density of dark areas varied, with asymmetry noted in some cases. The parameters of the endothelial cells comprising mean cell area, the proportion of hexagonal cells, and the coefficient of variation, were almost within normal limits except for 1 eye of a 79-year-old @entity1 who was speculated to be at an early stage of @entity13189 . Three cases had undergone @entity231 surgery, but did not show significant changes in endothelial morphology before and after surgery. In a statistical study on endothelial cell morphology, cell parameters except for minimal cell area correlated significantly with age. Although the density and size of dark areas correlated with each other, neither correlated with any of the cell parameters. CONCLUSION: @entity53510 does not lead to @entity227 in corneal endothelial cell parameters except for a small number of cases that must be considered to be at an early stage of @entity13189 .

title: Twenty-three cases of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment or abnormalities', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity53510 :: ('MESH:C535471', 'Disease') :: ['cornea guttata', 'Cornea guttata']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['Fuchs dystrophy', 'Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy']

answer: @entity53510 :: (MESH:C535471,Disease) :: ['cornea guttata']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) is the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, which causes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. NO synthetase, the enzyme for the synthesis of NO from its precursor @entity534 , is also widely distributed in neurons in the brain, and it has been suggested that NO may serve as an important neuromodulator. Because NO synthetase is present in the hypothalamus in relatively high concentration, we have determined whether NO can affect the release of vasopressin in conscious, chronically prepared @entity35 . The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity16475 (12.5 and 25 micrograms; SNAP), that spontaneously breaks down to form NO, caused transient dose-related increases in the plasma vasopressin concentration of 1 and 2 microU/ml (p < 0.01), respectively. In control experiments in which @entity54361 (25 micrograms), the precursor for the preparation of SNAP, was injected i.c.v. there was a small, 0.4 microU/ml, increase (p < 0.01) in the plasma vasopressin level. The i.c.v. injection of @entity534 (0.5 and 1 mg), also the precursor for the biosynthesis of NO, resulted in dose-dependent increases in the plasma vasopressin concentration similar in magnitude to those caused by SNAP. When @entity10834 (1 mg), which cannot serve as a substrate for NO synthetase, was injected i.c.v., there was only a slight delayed increase in the plasma vasopressin concentration. Thus, NO can act centrally to stimulate vasopressin release and may serve as a neuromodulator in the control of vasopressin release.

title: Evidence that XXXX can act centrally to stimulate vasopressin release.

entities_list: @entity10834 :: ('CHEBI:15816', 'Chemical') :: ['D-arginine']

entities_list: @entity16475 :: ('MESH:D026423', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine']

entities_list: @entity54361 :: ('MESH:C010005', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylpenicillamine']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The exponential increase of published biomedical literature prompts the use of text mining tools to manage the information overload automatically. One of the most common applications is to mine protein-protein interactions (PPIs) from PubMed abstracts. Currently, most tools in mining PPIs from literature are using co-occurrence-based approaches or rule-based approaches. Hybrid methods (frame-based approaches) by combining these two methods may have better performance in predicting PPIs. However, the predicted PPIs from these methods are rarely evaluated by known PPI databases and co-occurred terms in @entity74 ( @entity74 ) database. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We here developed a web-based tool, PPI Finder, to mine @entity1 PPIs from PubMed abstracts based on their co-occurrences and interaction words, followed by evidences in @entity1 PPI databases and shared terms in @entity74 database. Only 28% of the co-occurred pairs in PubMed abstracts appeared in any of the commonly used @entity1 PPI databases (HPRD, BioGRID and BIND). On the other hand, of the known PPIs in HPRD, 69% showed co-occurrences in the literature, and 65% shared @entity74 terms. CONCLUSIONS: PPI Finder provides a useful tool for biologists to uncover potential novel PPIs. It is freely accessible at http://liweilab.genetics.ac.cn/tm/.

title: PPI finder: a mining tool for XXXX protein-protein interactions.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GO', 'Gene Ontology']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathological processes of @entity63 @entity75 . Many antioxidants have been shown to protect against @entity2806 injury by inhibiting oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. @entity11088 (20E), an ecdysteroid hormone, exhibits antioxidative effects. For the work described in this paper, we used an in vitro oxidative damage model and an in vivo @entity63 model of @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 20E and the mechanisms related to these effects. Treatment of cells with @entity274 led to @entity528 , intracellular ROS/RNS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, cellular antioxidant potential descent, an increase in @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and an elevation of intracellular [ @entity141 ], all of which were markedly attenuated by 20E. Inhibition of the activation of the @entity26898 - @entity21680 /7- @entity6336 stress signaling pathway and cleaved caspase-3 induced by oxidative stress were involved in the neuroprotection afforded by 20E. In addition, 20E reduced the expression of @entity1506 protein by inhibition of @entity4026 activation. The neuroprotective effect of 20E was also confirmed in vivo. 20E significantly decreased @entity1188 volume and the @entity51 score, restored antioxidant potential and inhibited the increase in @entity1865 and TUNEL-positive and cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in the cerebral cortex in @entity2500 @entity35 . Together, these results support that 20E protects against @entity2806 injury by inhibiting ROS/RNS production and modulating oxidative stress-induced signal transduction pathways.

title: @entity11088 protects against oxidative stress-induced XXXX by scavenging free radicals and modulating @entity4026 and @entity6336 pathways.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity11088 :: ('MESH:D004441', 'Chemical') :: ['20-Hydroxyecdysone']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent attention to racial and ethnic disparities in health outcomes highlights the excess @entity301 mortality in black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 . We investigated whether traditional @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors were similarly associated with @entity65 mortality in black and white @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 included 3741 black and 33,246 white @entity1 and @entity1 (44%) without a history of @entity583 , aged 18 to 64 years at baseline (1967-1973) from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry study. Blood pressure, total @entity165 level, body mass index, cigarette smoking, and physician-diagnosed @entity6 were assessed at baseline using standard methods. RESULTS: Through 2002, there were 107, 1586, 177, and 2866 deaths from @entity65 in black @entity1 , white @entity1 , black @entity1 , and white @entity1 , respectively. In general, the magnitude and direction of associations between traditional risk factors and @entity65 mortality were similar by race. However, in black @entity1 the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per 12 mm Hg of diastolic blood pressure was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.29), whereas it was 1.31 in white @entity1 (95% CI, 1.25-1.38). There was no association between higher @entity165 level (per 40 mg/dL [1.04 mmol/L]) and @entity65 mortality in black @entity1 (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.80-1.10), whereas the risk was elevated in white @entity1 (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.16-1.26). CONCLUSIONS: Most traditional risk factors demonstrated similar associations with mortality in black and white adults of the same sex. Small differences were primarily in the strength, not the direction, of association.

title: Comparison of risk factors for XXXX in black and white adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular mortality']


abstract: Sixty-six consecutive @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 ( @entity157 ) were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using aclarubicin microspheres (ACRms) in combination with @entity900 suspended in iodized oil (Lipiodol, Laboratoire Guerbert, Paris, France) ( @entity10718 ). The stages of the disease were as follows: Stage I (n = 1), Stage II (n = 10), Stage III (n = 26), and Stage IV (n = 29). The effectiveness of TACE was assessed by comparing ACRms with @entity10718 with ACRms without @entity10718 . Of 66 @entity1 treated with ACRms and @entity10718 , 62 (93.9%) could be examined for response. According to response criteria, there were 31 (50.0%) partial responses and 17 (27.4%) minor responses. In 13 cases (21.0%) there was no change and in 1 case (1.6%) there was progressive disease. The cumulative survival rate was 80.7% at 1 year, 64.2% at 2 years, and 50.6% at 3 years. The rates were significantly higher than those of the group treated with ACRms. Eleven @entity1 in the ACRms and @entity10718 group experienced clinical complications: @entity2679 (4.5%), @entity788 (3.0%), @entity5572 (3.0%), @entity1578 (3.0%), @entity360 (1.5%), and @entity177 (1.5%). No lethal side effects related to the therapy were observed. TACE using ACRms in combination with @entity10718 prolongs the survival of @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 .

title: A new approach to chemoembolization for unresectable XXXX using aclarubicin microspheres in combination with @entity900 suspended in iodized oil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: There have been few studies on the detection of direct @entity842 (NO) production and @entity60 ( @entity60 ) in vivo without using animal cell culture. We questioned whether NO and @entity60 could be produced at the site of infection. The peritoneal cavity of @entity19 was used as the local infection model. NO and @entity60 in abdominal washings from these @entity19 were measured directly at various times after injection of @entity8209 , a gram-negative rod periodontal pathogen. The @entity19 were divided into three groups: those treated with live bacteria (LB), those treated with heat-killed bacteria (HKB) and those untreated: normal (N). These @entity19 were compared on the basis of cell filtration, NO and @entity60 production by injection of live bacteria (LFn) or heat-killed bacteria (HKFn). In the LB group, the total cell number increased corresponding to an increase in neutrophils after injection of both LFn and HKFn. A low level of NO was constantly produced in abdominal washings, but a significant amount of NO was synthesized in the LB group only 12 hr to 24 hr after injection of LFn. At the same time @entity13633 enzyme activity and @entity13633 mRNA expression were detected. @entity60 , which may contribute to enhance NO production, was also secreted at a high level from peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) at 12 hr and 24 hr in the LB group by stimulation of LFn. At 12 hr and 24 hr, @entity13633 positive cells in the LB group by infection of LFn were identified and shown to contain mostly macrophages. These findings indicate that live bacteria play important roles in NO production by macrophages. It is suggested that NO may contribute to the inflammatory response during @entity8209 infection in @entity2521 .

title: XXXX production and @entity13633 mRNA expression in @entity19 induced by repeated stimulation with live @entity8209 .

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['F. nucleatum', 'Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: 1. Glucocerebrosidase, extracted from @entity1 spleen lysosomal membrane by @entity658 and recovered in a high speed centrifugation supernatant, aggregated following removal of the detergent. 2. Re-solubilization of the enzymatic activity from the aggregate was achieved by treatment with the non-ionic detergents Triton X-100 and @entity9266 . The anionic detergents @entity658 and @entity7362 and the cationic detergents @entity14942 and @entity4410 were also effective. The solubilizing capacity of the anionic detergents was smaller than that of the nonionic detergents. Quantitative evaluation of the solubilizing capacity of the cationic detergents was not feasible because of their being potent inhibitors of glucocerebrosidase activity. 3. Treatment of the enzyme aggregate with @entity1324 rendered it buffer-soluble. 4. In addition to the above cationic detergents some @entity1877 -containing and highly hydrophobic phospholipids were found to inhibit the glucocerebrosidase activity.

title: Effects of detergents and XXXX -containing phospholipids on @entity1 spleen glucocerebrosidase.

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity658 :: ('MESH:D020358', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cholate']

entities_list: @entity14942 :: ('MESH:C004322', 'Chemical') :: ['cetyltrimethylammonium bromide']

answer: @entity1877 :: (MESH:D002794,Chemical) :: ['choline']