abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential for @entity29721 (HAL) @entity146 ( @entity146 ) to improve the management of multifocal recurrent nonmuscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with a history of NMIBC and with at least two suspected papillary recurrences were enrolled in this prospective study between April 2005 and October 2006. The photosensitizer was @entity29721 (HAL) (PhotoCure, Norway), and the Storz D-light system was used to detect fluorescence. The bladder was mapped initially under white light and then using @entity146 ( @entity146 ). The number and types of additional lesions detected by @entity146 over white light cystoscopy were measured. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (11 @entity1 ), median age 74 years (range 35-84 yrs), underwent @entity146 . The median HAL instillation time was 109 minutes (range 60-250 min). Recurrent @entity150 was confirmed histologically in 14/18 (78%) @entity1 . Additional pathology was detected in 8/14 (57%) @entity1 with confirmed recurrence and confirmed histologically in 6 of these. Additional pathology was papillary in 5/6 (83%) @entity1 , and flat pathology was found in all six @entity1 with additional foci. @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) was detected in 4/6 (67%) @entity1 with additional foci, three of whom were subsequently treated with intravesical bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG). The sensitivity of @entity146 for the detection of @entity5 was 97.8%, compared with 69.6% for white light cystoscopy. The false-positive fluorescence-guided biopsy rate was 18/63 (29%). CONCLUSION: @entity146 allows more complete management of @entity150 in @entity1 with multifocal recurrence. The high frequency of additional lesions detected and the rate of detection of @entity2735 suggest that @entity146 should be the standard of care.

title: @entity29721 XXXX for multifocal recurrent nonmuscle invasive @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma in situ', 'CIS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['HAL-photodynamic diagnosis', 'HAL-PDD', 'photodynamic diagnosis', 'PDD']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity29721 :: ('MESH:C419924', 'Chemical') :: ['hexylaminolevulinate']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['photodynamic diagnosis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the patterns of inheritance and gene mutation status in early-onset @entity303 (EOD). METHODS: Data were collected on 202 consecutive @entity1 presenting to an EOD clinic. Early-onset @entity195 (EOAD, n = 120) and early-onset @entity4943 (EOFTD, n = 82) were studied. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 , 72.5% with EOAD and 74.4% with EOFTD, did not have a positive family history of @entity303 . An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance was observed in 14.2% of @entity1 with EOAD and 13.4% of @entity1 with @entity4943 . Of those with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, 11.8% of EOAD and 45.5% of @entity4943 probands had known pathogenic mutations. Only 1.6% of the total population of EOAD and 7.3% of EOFTD possessed known gene mutations. CONCLUSION: Early-onset @entity303 does not appear to be a strongly inherited @entity74 . The majority of @entity1 were sporadic. Known mutations were uncommon and do not explain the total autosomal dominant burden.

title: The Patterns of Inheritance in Early-Onset XXXX : @entity195 and @entity4943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant condition']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of @entity3522 versus @entity1443 in primary care @entity1 with @entity158 caused by @entity626 is unclear. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of @entity3522 compared with @entity1443 over a period of 2, 4, and 12 weeks in @entity1 with @entity626 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomised controlled trial in general practice. METHOD: There were 104 @entity1 included in the study, they were aged >= 45 years consulting their GP with knee @entity158 caused by @entity626 . @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity3522 (n = 52) or @entity1443 (n = 52) for at least 2 weeks. Primary outcomes were daily knee @entity158 severity, and knee @entity158 and function measured with the @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score (KOOS). RESULTS: Over a period of 2- and 4-weeks follow-up, no significant difference in daily knee @entity158 was found between the @entity1 groups: estimated differences of 0.5 (95% CI = -0.2 to 1.3) and -0.2 (95% CI = -1.0 to 0.7), respectively. Over the 12-weeks follow-up, no significant differences were found between both groups for KOOS @entity158 : estimated difference of -2.8 (95% CI = -10.7 to 5.1) and KOOS function of -2.7 (-10.6 to 5.0). CONCLUSION: Over a period of 2- and 4-weeks follow-up no significant difference in daily measured knee @entity158 severity was found between primary care @entity1 with @entity626 taking @entity1443 or @entity3522 . Also, over a period of 12-weeks follow-up no significant differences were found regarding KOOS @entity158 and KOOS function between both groups. @entity1 more frequently reported minor adverse events after taking @entity3522 (64%) than @entity1443 (46%).

title: Effectiveness of @entity3522 versus XXXX in @entity626 : a randomised controlled trial in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee Injury']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of the long-term outcomes of treatment of @entity174 of the tibial plateau have included wide mixtures of @entity174 types and mostly low-energy split and split-depression @entity174 . The long-term results of treatment of high-energy intra-articular proximal @entity174 are unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the function of the knee and the development of @entity4040 at a minimum of five years after injury in a consecutive series of @entity1 in whom a high-energy @entity174 of the tibial plateau had been treated with a uniform technique of external fixation. METHODS: Between July 1988 and December 1994, thirty @entity1 with a total of thirty-one @entity174 of the tibial plateau were treated with a monolateral external fixator and limited internal fixation of the articular surface. Follow-up data on twenty-four knees in twenty-three @entity1 were obtained at a mean of ninety-eight months. Twenty @entity1 (twenty knees) returned specifically for the study, at which time they completed an Iowa Knee Score questionnaire and a Short Form-36 (SF-36) general health survey, a physical examination was performed, and weight-bearing radiographs were made. The results of the SF-36 evaluations for fourteen @entity1 and the Knee Scores for twelve were compared with those obtained five years previously, at two to four years after the injury. RESULTS: After healing, no @entity1 required a secondary reconstructive procedure. The range of motion of the knee averaged 3 degrees of extension to 120 degrees flexion, which was an average of 87% of the total arc of the contralateral knee. The average Iowa Knee Score was 90 points (range, 72 to 100 points). For twelve @entity1 , the Iowa Knee Score previously recorded at two to four years averaged 92 points, as did the score at the time of the latest follow-up. Thirteen @entity1 rated their outcome as excellent; six, as good; and three, as fair. Fifteen @entity1 were working, and ten of them were performing strenuous labor. Radiographs showed no evidence of @entity4040 in fourteen knees, grade-1 @entity4040 in three, grade-2 in three, and grade-3 in two. Compared with the radiographic appearance two to four years after injury, there was no evidence of progression of @entity4040 in eighteen knees and one grade of progression in four. The SF-36 subscale scores were similar to those of age-matched controls. The fourteen @entity1 who had previous SF-36 scores had no deterioration of these scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a high-energy @entity174 of the tibial plateau treated with external fixation have a good prognosis for satisfactory knee function in the second five years after injury. The knee joint cartilage appears to be tolerant of both the injury and mild-to-moderate residual articular displacement, which was associated with a low rate of severe @entity4040 .

title: High-energy XXXX of the tibial plateau. Knee function after longer follow-up.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In view of the potentially serious side-effects of standard @entity10211 (0.5-1.0 mg/kg per day) therapy for @entity5477 , we studied the safety and efficacy of low-fixed dose @entity10211 plus topical 1%clindamycin gel in the treatment of moderate grade of @entity5477 . METHODS: In this prospective, non-comparative study, 320 adult @entity1 , with moderately severe @entity5477 were enrolled and treated with fixed-dose @entity10211 at 20 mg every alternate day (approximately 0.15 mg/kg/day to 0.28 mg/kg/day) for 6 months along with topical clindamycin gel. All female @entity1 were assessed for @entity2670 . @entity1 were followed up for 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 305 @entity1 completed the study. Overall, @entity1 received a mean of 38.4 mg/kg cumulative dose of @entity10211 , and very good results were observed in 208 (68.20%), while good response was seen in 59 (19.34%) of @entity1 . Failure of the treatment occurred in 38 (12.46%), while relapses occurred in 50 (16.39%) of @entity1 . Relapses were commoner in females, and 37 of 43 (86.04%) @entity1 had @entity2670 . Though mild chelitis (91%) and xerosis (43%) were common, @entity854 in the form of elevated hepatic enzymes (5%) and elevated serum lipids (6%) were rare. CONCLUSION: Six months of treatment with fixed-dose, alternate-day @entity10211 (20 mg) plus topical 1% @entity3402 gel was found to be effective in the treatment of moderate @entity5477 in adult @entity1 , with a low incidence of side-effects.

title: Efficacy of fixed low-dose @entity10211 (20 mg, alternate days) with topical clindamycin gel in moderately severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian disease']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity5477 :: (MESH:D000152,Disease) :: ['acne vulgaris']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23577 is an infrequently reported disease characterized clinically by painless swelling of the soft tissues at interphalangeal joints. Histopathologic features include increased dermal accumulation of collagen fibers. Young males are predominantly affected. There are only approximately 50 cumulative cases reported worldwide. OBJECTIVE: : This is a review of 6 new cases of @entity23577 from our center. METHODS: Characteristics of our cases are described in detail and the literature of this disease is reviewed. RESULTS: The mean disease onset age of our 6 @entity1 was 14 +/- 2.7 years; 5 of the @entity1 were male and 1 was female. Clinical presentations included chronic noninflammatory bulbous swelling of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. Mean numbers of @entity2720 were 5 +/- 3; most frequently affected were PIP2, 3, and 4 symmetrically. There was 1 @entity1 with monoarticular involvement. X-ray demonstrated soft tissue swelling with no bony or @entity16 . Histopathology displayed increased dermal deposition of collagen fibers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity23577 is not well recognized by rheumatologists and should be differentiated from inflammatory @entity625 involving @entity6520 .

title: XXXX : six new cases from China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['articular damage']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['PIP joints']

entities_list: @entity23577 :: ('MESH:C563947', 'Disease') :: ['Pachydermodactyly', 'pachydermodactyly']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['involved joints']

answer: @entity23577 :: (MESH:C563947,Disease) :: ['Pachydermodactyly']


abstract: The @entity2003 ( @entity2003 ) is not a recognized cause of @entity1282 . The "vacuolar variant" of @entity2003 causes mild, generalized, and slowly progressive @entity425 . Respiratory evaluation detected severe restrictive chest wall defect and significant @entity425 . We identified nine @entity1 at our Neuromuscular Clinic over a period of years. The aim of this evaluation was to ascertain whether pharyngoesophageal dysfunction caused cough (2/9), intermittent @entity1282 (4/9), and @entity1174 (3/9). Pharyngeal and esophageal functions were evaluated separately by conventional cineradiography and intraluminal esophageal manometry over a one-year study period. An age- and gender-matched volunteer group without swallowing complaints partook in the manometric component of the study. There were seven male and two female @entity1 . The mean age of @entity1 was 19.1 years (17.8 years for controls), and the age range was 11-36 years (13-32 years for controls). The mean disease duration was 17.2 years (range=8-31 years). @entity1 were commonly underweight (7/9). Cineradiology detected abnormal swallow physiology of pharyngeal striated muscle (1/9) and of esophageal smooth muscle (2/9). Mean manometric pressures in @entity1 were not significantly different from control data. Manometry detected "nonspecific" contractility abnormalities (3/9) that were not reflected in the mean data. The relative lack of instrumental findings suggested minor @entity14308 in @entity1 with the @entity2003 . The @entity121 that underlies this syndrome likely caused dysfunction of the striated muscle of the pharyngeal constrictors and upper esophageal sphincter. The documented abnormalities of esophageal smooth muscle motility were nonspecific and tenuously associated with the @entity121 . The incongruity between complaints of @entity1282 and study results was perhaps due to transient @entity4423 , altered swallowing mechanics of limited cervical spine mobility, altered swallowing perception after previous intubation/tracheostomy, or a "functional" upper intestinal complaint.

title: XXXX : a radiologic and manometric study of the pharynx and esophagus.

entities_list: @entity14308 :: ('MESH:C563519', 'Disease') :: ['upper alimentary tract dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid spine syndrome', 'RSS']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness', 'respiratory muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal dysphagia', 'intermittent dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngoesophageal dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disorder', 'myopathy']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['Rigid spine syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomized data examining adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) alone in elderly @entity1 with low-risk, @entity5282 -positive (HR(+)) @entity0 is lacking. We investigated the outcomes for elderly @entity1 treated with adjuvant @entity1161 alone versus @entity1161 plus endocrine therapy (ET) after breast-conserving surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: We queried our institutional @entity0 database for the following @entity1 : age > 65 years, stage T1-T2N0, HR(+), and treatment with breast-conserving surgery, including adjuvant @entity1161 . The   (2) analysis identified significant baseline differences between the groups. Cox proportional hazard methods identified predictors of endpoints on multivariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 504 @entity1 were identified, 311 had undergone @entity1161 plus ET (62%) and 193, @entity1161 alone (38%). The median follow-up time was 88 months. The @entity1161 -alone group versus @entity1161 plus ET group had different median age (72 vs.71 years, P  < .001), different median @entity5 size (1 vs. 1.3 cm, P  < .001), lower grade (40% vs. 29%, P  = .05), and fewer close or positive margins (11% vs. 19%, P  =  .01). The adherence rate to prescribed ET was 70%. @entity5 size predicted an increased risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (hazard ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-3.13) and worse @entity66 ( @entity66 ) (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.22-2.86). ET nonadherence versus adherence predicted for risk of @entity3 (hazard ratio, 5.03; 95% CI, 1.98-12.66) and @entity66 (HR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.9-10.3). Of the @entity1 with @entity3 , 83.8% had @entity5 > 1 cm in size. CONCLUSION: ET nonadherence and @entity5 size > 1 cm predicted an increased risk of @entity3 and worse @entity66 , favoring the addition of ET in this group. However, @entity1161 alone for @entity1 with @entity5  less than or equal to 1 cm may be appropriate.

title: Comparison of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Alone Versus Radiation Therapy and Endocrine Therapy in Elderly @entity1 With Early-Stage, @entity5282 -Positive XXXX Treated With Breast-Conserving Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'distant metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Invasive @entity189 (IMPC) is a rare variant of @entity14 with an adverse prognosis. "Retraction artifact" around @entity5 cells is a feature of IMPC. The aim of this study was to assess the nature of the retractions around the @entity5 cells and to describe the histopathological features of a group of 18 cases of IMPC. METHODS: A pathology review of 128 consecutive @entity14 identified 18 cases of histologically proven IMPC using 5% of the total @entity5 volume comprised of a micropapillary component as the diagnostic criterion. Immunostains for D2-40, @entity2279 , @entity2280 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and @entity2355 ( @entity2355 ) were performed using the avidin- @entity1885 complex method. RESULTS: Cases of IMPC were characterized by pseudomicropapillae surrounded by lacunar-like clear spaces. These structures exhibited the inside-out growth pattern as highlighted by @entity2355 staining. The lining of the lacunar spaces was immunoreactive to @entity2279 but not @entity2280 or D2-40, indicating that they are neovascular structures. Furthermore, the @entity5 cells strongly and diffusely expressed @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The strong coexpression of @entity7 and @entity2279 suggests a prominent role of neoangiogenesis in these @entity5 .

title: Overexpression of @entity7 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-A', 'vascular endothelial growth factor A']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['micropapillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Invasive Micropapillary Colorectal Carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We describe our experience with evaluating the ideal management of female @entity2909 from imaging to surgery and follow-up. METHODS: Between January 2009 and January 2012, we treated six @entity1 (age range 32-49  years) affected by @entity2909 of different sizes. RESULTS: All the six @entity1 underwent transvaginal excision of the mass. They are free of recurrence at follow-up (range 32-72  months). Two @entity1 developed stress @entity322 after the excision: in both cases, @entity322 was corrected by a tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O) placement. In one @entity1 , a @entity4438 sling was necessary to repair a @entity75 that developed during surgical excision of the mass. CONCLUSION: A well-defined protocol for diagnosing and managing a paraurethral mass had not been established as yet due the rarity of the mass. We suggest performing pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a primary examination, followed by lesion biopsy. Complete surgical resection performed transvaginally should be the treatment of choice. As @entity2909 does not originate from intraurethral smooth-muscle component, @entity75 is rare. Excision of female @entity2909 transvaginally is safe, and postoperative @entity322 , if any, can be easily corrected with minimally invasive tecniques.

title: Female XXXX : treatment and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['urethral lesion']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['paraurethral leiomyoma', 'urethral leiomyoma', 'paraurethral leiomyomas']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['paraurethral leiomyoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Test the efficacy of liposomal @entity136 (GemLip) on primary @entity5 and metastases using the @entity788 cell line AsPC1 implanted orthotopically into @entity19 . METHODS: The efficacy of @entity136 and GemLip cells was tested on luciferase-transduced @entity1 cells in vitro as well as implanted orthotopically into the pancreata of @entity19 . RESULTS: In vitro, the IC50s for GemLip and @entity136 were 20 nM and 140 nM, respectively. However, when applied against @entity5 , GemLip (8 mg/kg) blocked @entity5 growth for 5 consecutive weeks according to bioluminescence measurements in vivo. @entity136 (240 mg/kg) had no effect on luciferase-monitored @entity5 growth. When analyzed at the time of necropsy, GemLip strongly reduced @entity5 size (-64% +/- [SD] 27%; ***P < 0.0001), whereas @entity136 only weakly (-36% +/- 37%) affected @entity5 size. Empty liposomes had no effect on the @entity5 size. GemLip and empty liposomes both significantly interfered with the metastatic spread to the liver, as measured using luciferase assays (GemLip, *P = 0.01; empty liposomes, *P = 0.036). In addition, they showed effects against spleen, as well as peritoneal metastases. CONCLUSIONS: GemLip presents an effective new formulation of @entity136 , combining the targeting and protective features of the liposomes with their antimetastatic effects to target @entity788 .

title: Antimetastatic effects of liposomal XXXX and empty liposomes in an orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['established tumors', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: Aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of topical @entity2177 and @entity617 -containing ear drops for @entity102 media on hearing threshold, cochlear reserve and cochlea morphology in healthy subjects and to determine the proper drug dose. Sixty-eight @entity840 , all of which had healthy hearing, were used for the study. The first group (n = 30) was administered @entity2177 three times a day, the second group (n = 30) was administered @entity617 three times a day and the third group (n = 8) was administered sterile distilled water three times a day. The therapies lasted for 7 days and were administered intratympanically. The first group and second group were divided into three sub-groups of ten subjects. The first sub-group (n = 10) was administered an equivalent dose per kilogram as in @entity1 , the second sub-group (n = 10) was administered one-third of the @entity1 -equivalent dose and the third sub-group (n = 10) was administered tenfold the @entity1 -equivalent dose. All subjects underwent brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) testing on the seventh and twenty-first days following the therapy. Following the tests, two subjects from each group were decapitated and examined under electron microscope. BERA and DPOAE testing results of the sub-group (n = 10) which was administered tenfold the @entity1 -equivalent dose were significantly different from the control group and other groups (P < 0.05). According to electron microscopic examination of the cochlea, the group which was administered a tenfold @entity1 -equivalent dose of intratympanic @entity2177 and @entity617 showed @entity194 in cells and degenerations in cilia. This case was statistically significant when compared with the control group and other groups (P < 0.05). @entity2177 and @entity617 applied at a @entity1 -equivalent dose per kilogram did not affect the hearing and cochlear histology of subjects.

title: The effect of topical @entity2177 and steroid-containing ear drops for XXXX media on the internal ear.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of green tea @entity12919 on @entity3009 synthesis of @entity8 in @entity35 with @entity3839 -induced @entity6 . @entity35 weighing 100 +/- 10 g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three groups with @entity3839 -induced @entity6 . The @entity6 groups were classified to a @entity12919 -free diet ( @entity3918 group), a 0.25% @entity12919 diet ( @entity3918 .25C group) and a 0.5% @entity12919 diet ( @entity3918 .5C group) according to the levels of @entity12919 supplement in their diet. The animals were maintained on an experimental diet for 4 weeks. At this point, they were injected with @entity3839 to induce @entity6 . They were killed on the sixth day. The @entity12919 supplementation groups ( @entity3918 .25C, @entity3918 .SC groups) showed a decrease in thromboxane A2 synthesis but an increase in prostacyclin synthesis, compared to the @entity3918 group. The ratio of @entity4770 / @entity2871 A2 was 53.3% and 38.1% lower in the @entity3918 and @entity3918 .25C groups, respectively, than in the normal group. The ratio in the @entity3918 .5C group did not differ from that in the normal group. The glomerular filtration rate in @entity12919 feeding groups ( @entity3918 .25C and @entity3918 .5C groups) was maintained at the normal level. The urinary @entity21994 content in the @entity3918 .5C group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. On the sixth day after induction of @entity6 , the urinary microalbumin content in the @entity3918 , @entity3918 .25C and @entity3918 .5C groups had increased 5.40, 4.02, 3.87 times, respectively, compared with the normal group. In conclusion, kidney function appears to be improved by green tea @entity12919 supplementation due to its antithrombotic action, which in turn controls the @entity1426 cascade system.

title: Effects of green tea @entity12919 on @entity3009 synthesis of @entity8 in XXXX -induced @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal glomerular and renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: Measurements were taken from 18 @entity1 operated on for @entity3384 , aged 19 to 27 years, and 162 control subjects matched for sex, age, and ethnic group. Nine soft-tissue landmarks on the lips were digitized by a three-dimensional electromagnetic instrument. From the landmarks, several linear distances (mouth width, philtrum width, vermilion height of upper and lower lip, total vermilion height, total lip height), the interlabial angle, and some areas (vermilion of upper lip, vermilion of lower lip, total vermilion) and volumes (upper lip volume, lower lip volume, total lip volume) were calculated. @entity1 and reference data were compared by t tests and @entity1264 . In the @entity1 , significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in width of the philtrum, height and area of the vermilion part of the upper lip, and total vermilion height and area (all larger in male @entity1 than in controls). In the @entity1 , significant differences were found in the height and area of the vermilion part of the upper lip (larger in female @entity1 than in controls), and in the height and area of the vermilion part of the lower lip (smaller in @entity1 than in controls). In both sexes, the interlabial angle was smaller than in the reference population. In conclusion, the upper lip of adult @entity1 operated on for @entity3384 differed from that of healthy controls of the same age, sex, and ethnic group. Surgical correction of @entity3384 failed to provide a completely normal appearance. The analysis pointed out those parts of the @entity3384 (in particular, the vermilion part of the upper lip) that differed the most from the norm. The method may be used to indicate to the surgeon and @entity1 where additional procedures might be performed to approximate the morphologic characteristics of a reference population.

title: Three-dimensional lip morphometry in adults operated on for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['lips and mouth', 'cleft lip and palate']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['Watson-Williams tests']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip and palate']


abstract: @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ) for the treatment of ricin @entity137 has not been previously reported. Here we describe the use of @entity8450 to treat @entity1 who experienced ricin @entity137 after ingesting @entity9377 . Seven @entity1 (median age: 8.1 years) who consumed @entity9377 (median: 5 beans) were treated with @entity8450 . All had @entity1168 and @entity13610 , and most had experienced episodes of @entity391 and/or @entity294 . @entity8450 settings were blood flow, 50-80 mL/min; @entity8450 rate, 600-800 mL/h; volume of exchange, 1440-1950 mL. Median time from ingestion to @entity8450 was 73 h. All clinical symptoms disappeared and vital signs rapidly returned to normal after @entity8450 ; no severe @entity881 occurred. All @entity1 were discharged and recovered uneventfully. Concentrations of all serum biochemical parameters significantly decreased immediately after @entity8450 . Some, but not all, of these parameters were also significantly decreased at 48 and 72 h after @entity8450 compared with before @entity8450 . Our findings suggest that @entity8450 can be an effective early intervention in the treatment of ricin @entity137 due to @entity9377 ingestion. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Early plasma exchange for treating ricin @entity137 in @entity1 after XXXX ingestion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9377 :: ('3988', 'Species') :: ['castor bean', 'castor beans']

entities_list: @entity13610 :: ('MESH:D001146', 'Disease') :: ['sinus arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['Plasma exchange', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity9377 :: (3988,Species) :: ['castor bean']


abstract: AIMS: @entity417 , which might contribute to pathogenesis of @entity8 , is a common finding in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The aim of this study was to investigate if hemoglobin concentration is associated with the degree of change in urinary albumin- @entity1011 ratio or the development of @entity633 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: We measured hemoglobin concentration in 470 (296 @entity1 and 174 @entity1 ) consecutive @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 without @entity633 . We performed a follow-up study to assess the progression or development of @entity633 , the interval of which was 3.0 years. Then we evaluated relationships between hemoglobin concentration and @entity633 , using multivariate linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Eighty four @entity1 developed @entity633 during follow-up duration. In multivariate analyses, hemoglobin concentration was negatively associated with a change in urinary albumin- @entity1011 ratio in @entity1 (   = -0.259, P = 0.0002) and @entity1 (   = -0.194, P = 0.030). Moreover, multivariate adjusted odds ratio associated with 1 g/L in hemoglobin for the development of @entity633 was 0.93 (95% confidence interval; 0.89-0.96) in @entity1 and 0.94 (95% confidence interval; 0.88-0.99) in @entity1 , respectively. And, multivariate analyses revealed that adjusted odds ratios for the development of @entity633 were 4.78 (95% confidence interval; 1.65-13.91) in @entity1 and 4.62 (95% confidence interval; 1.34-16.68) in @entity1 with @entity417 (hemoglobin < 130 g/L for @entity1 and < 120 g/L for @entity1 ), which were higher than those without @entity417 . CONCLUSIONS: Low hemoglobin concentration could be a predictor for the progression and development of @entity633 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Association between Hemoglobin Concentration and the Progression or Development of XXXX in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['Albuminuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The choice of therapeutic procedure for @entity14 depends largely on the depth of @entity5 invasion. This study examined the value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in determining whether local resection is applicable for @entity14 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed EUS on 125 @entity14 classified into two categories, villous ( n=35) and nonvillous lesions ( n=90), according to their colonoscopic morphological features. We compared the EUS and clinicopathological findings for each lesion. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of EUS-based evaluation of @entity5 invasion depth was 60% in @entity75 and 91% in nonvillous lesions. In @entity75 37% were overstaged and 3% understaged, and in of nonvillous lesions 6% were overstaged and 3% understaged. In differentiating @entity33 (M)/ @entity5 with slight invasion ( @entity30824 ) from non-M/ @entity30824 , the values in villous and nonvillous lesions were, respectively: sensitivity 60% and 86%, specificity 100% and 99%, and accuracy 66% and 96%. Large (>/=20 mm wide, >/=5 mm high) or @entity75 were more likely than nonvillous lesions to be misjudged with regard to the differentiation between M/ @entity30824 and non-M/ @entity30824 . CONCLUSION: It is difficult to determine the depth of invasion in @entity75 , especially large or rectal lesions, using only EUS. EUS-based evaluation alone cannot determine the appropriate treatment for @entity14 .

title: Evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rectal villous lesions', 'villous lesions']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasias', 'colorectal villous lesions']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal villous lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity816 ( @entity816 ) is a World Health Organization grade I @entity5 that generally follows a benign course. However, in some @entity1 , @entity816 exhibits an aggressive clinical course. Here, we examined the clinical course of @entity4806 and adult PAs with progression at a single institution. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2013, 39 @entity1 with @entity816 were treated. Nineteen were @entity4806 @entity1 (mean age, 12  years; range, 1-17  years) with a male-to-female @entity1 ratio of 10:9, while 20 were adults (mean age, 36.4  years; range, 19-65  years) with a male-to-female ratio of 9:11. We analyzed and compared @entity5 location, extent of @entity5 resection, adjuvant treatment, and clinical course in all @entity1 . RESULTS: In the 19 @entity4806 @entity1 , @entity5 were located in the cerebellar vermis, cerebellar hemisphere, optic pathways plus @entity2339 , @entity2339 , brainstem, and the temporal lobe in 6 (31.6  %), 5 (26.3  %), 3 (15.8  %), 2 (10.5  %), and 2 (10.5  %) @entity1 and 1 (5.3  %) @entity1 , respectively. The mass was totally, subtotally, or partially resected in 11 (57.9  %), 2 (10.5  %), and 4 (21.1  %) @entity1 , respectively; biopsies were performed in 2 (10.5  %) @entity1 . Immediate postoperative adjuvant treatment was carried out in 6 @entity1 . @entity5 progression was detected in 3 @entity1 at 3.0, 4.6, and 5.2  years after treatment, respectively, without significant symptoms. In the 20 adult @entity1 , @entity5 were located in the cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellar vermis, @entity2339 , brainstem, cerebral hemisphere, and lateral ventricle in 5 (25  %), 4 (20  %), 3 (15  %), 3 (15  %), 3 (15  %), and 2 (10  %) @entity1 , respectively. The mass was totally, subtotally, or partially resected in 11 (55  %) and 6 (30  %) @entity1 and 1 (5  %) @entity1 , respectively; biopsies were performed in 2 @entity1 . Immediate adjuvant treatment was carried out in 2 @entity1 . Progression was detected in 3 @entity1 at 0.3, 0.9, and 2.5  years after treatment, respectively, with progressive @entity16 . There was one case of disease-related mortality during follow-up among the adult @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Most of the @entity816 cases evaluated in this study were benign. However, @entity5 progression in adult PAs followed a more aggressive clinical course than those in @entity4806 PAs.

title: Differences in the clinical courses of @entity4806 and adult XXXX with progression: a single-institution study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['Pilocytic astrocytoma', 'PA']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas']


abstract: The findings in 107 pathological studies of @entity548 due to rupture of @entity439 are reported. There were 62 @entity1 (58 p. 100) and 45 @entity1 (42 p. 100). Mean age was 56, lower in @entity1 (53) than in @entity1 (58). 45 @entity439 of the Anterior Communicating Artery, 26 of the Middle Cerebral Artery, 15 of the Internal Carotid Artery, 10 of the Anterior Cerebral Artery, 1 of the Anterior Choroidal Artery and 10 of the Posterior System were studied. These @entity1756 were compared to 31 non ruptured ones. Mean size of the @entity1756 was 10, 62 mm, not statistically different from that of non @entity1756 (9, 05 mm). @entity439 represent 10 p. 100 of the whole @entity1756 population. They affected mostly the Middle Cerebral Artery. @entity101 had been present in 56/107 cases of @entity1756 (52 p. 100). The prevalence of @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity1756 ( @entity1 : 60 p. 100 between 35 and 49, 63 p. 100 between 50 and 64; @entity1 : 31 p. 100 between 35 and 49, 54 p. 100 between 50 and 64) was statistically higher than in the same age and sex ranges of the general French population. The other causes of @entity548 were rare: 4 liver @entity82 (2 of the @entity1 were also @entity101 ) and 5 anticoagulant therapies (2 of which were also associated with @entity101 ). Intracerebral @entity1410 were found in 43 cases (40 p. 100): 39 lobar, more frequent in the frontal (26) than in the temporal (13) lobes, due mainly to Anterior Communicating Artery and Anterior Cerebral @entity438 ; very few were in the basal ganglia (3) or brainstem (I). @entity548 was found in 39 cases (36 p. 100). Forty (37 p. 100) @entity385 had occurred. They were located in the territory of the same artery in 20 cases (19 p. 100), in a different territory in 11 cases (10 p. 100), in both in 9 cases (8. p. 100).

title: [Neuropathological study of adult intracranial hemorrhage. III. Analysis of 107 @entity548 due to rupture of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['High blood pressure', 'high blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Intraventricular hemorrhage', 'meningeal hemorrhages', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Artery aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'arterial saccular aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarcts']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['arterial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that immature platelets may indicate imminent platelet (PLT) recovery following intensive chemotherapy and/or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with the perspective to withhold unnecessary transfusions. The objective of our prospective study was to test immature PLTs as measured by two haematology analysers to predict PLT recovery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study monitored 51 courses of severe @entity882 after chemotherapy in 35 adult haematology/oncology @entity1 starting at a PLT count <70 * 10(9) /l until PLT recovery (>20 * 10(9) /l) or discharge from hospital. Immature platelets as measured by @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) (Sysmex XE-5000) and retPLT (Abbott CD-Sapphire) as well as reticulocyte and leucocyte count were evaluated regarding their usefulness to predict PLT recovery. Furthermore, the influence of platelet concentrate (PC) transfusions upon @entity1423 and retPLT was assessed. RESULTS: With beginning of @entity882 , most @entity1 demonstrated elevated @entity1423 % (median 8  6%) and retPLT% (median 6  8%). These elevated values significantly dropped after transfusions of PCs. @entity1423 and retPLT values during nadir and at imminent PLT recovery were largely overlapping and receiver operating characteristics analysis demonstrated poor separation between both clinical situations. A reasonable cut-off could not be established to prospectively predict imminent PLT recovery for either of the parameters investigated. CONCLUSION: Measurements of @entity1423 and retPLT lack predictive power regarding imminent PLT recovery in @entity1 with severe @entity882 following intensive chemotherapy. Decisions regarding prophylactic PC transfusions should not be based on these parameters.

title: Immature platelets do not reliably predict platelet recovery in XXXX with intensive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['immature platelet fraction', 'IPF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a @entity652 diagnosed after a dramatic increase in @entity53 level and @entity43 in response to a @entity4396 agonist. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Outpatient practice and university hospital. @entity1 (S): A 35-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity249 , @entity2588 , and an elevated basal @entity53 concentration. INTERVENTION(S): Ultrasonography, laparoscopy, endocrinologic assays, magnetic resonance imaging, transsphenoidal surgery, and immunocytochemical staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ultrasonography and laparoscopy demonstrated bilaterally enlarged ovaries containing multiple preovulatory follicles, similar in appearance in those @entity1 undergoing controlled @entity43 with exogenous FSH. The serum @entity53 level was moderately elevated, the FSH level was within the normal range, and LH was suppressed. Administration of @entity3086 resulted in very elevated @entity53 concentrations and even larger @entity42 . Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a sellar mass. Examination of the tissue excised by transsphenoidal excision of the mass showed a @entity977 that stained strongly for FSH. RESULT(S): Regular menses resumed soon after excision of the @entity652 , followed by a spontaneous pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Gonadotroph adenoma should be suspected in a reproductive age @entity1 with @entity2589 or @entity2588 , @entity249 , multiple preovulatory follicles, and a persistently elevated serum @entity53 concentration. Exacerbation of the @entity43 in response to a @entity4396 agonist in this setting also strongly suggests a @entity652 but can be avoided by recognizing the presenting features of this condition.

title: @entity43 by leuprolide reveals a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide acetate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity2589 :: ('MESH:D009839', 'Disease') :: ['oligomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotroph adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['gonadotroph adenoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Final global disability 3 months post- @entity64 is the cardinal endpoint in @entity64 clinical trials. The most similar variable available in administrative datasets is discharge destination at end of the acute hospitalization. We investigated the predictive value of discharge destination for @entity717 . METHODS: In the public dataset of the two NINDS-TPA trials, we characterized discharge destination as a 4 level ordinal variable. Correlation coefficients and logistic models probed the relation with the modified Rankin Scale ( @entity25968 ) of global disability at 3 months. RESULTS: Among the 624 @entity385 @entity1 , discharge destination was home in 42.1% , rehabilitation in 33.0% , skilled nursing facility in 9.8% , and in hospital-death in 12.4% . A strong correlation was noted between hospital discharge destination and 3 month @entity25968 , r=0.71, P< 0.001. Length of stay showed a weaker correlation with 3 month @entity25968 , r=0.29, p< 0.0001. A multiple logistic regression model identified 4 categories of independent predictors of 3 month global disability outcome, with discharge destination as the strongest independent variable. CONCLUSIONS: Discharge destination is a powerful predictor of final 3 month global disability outcomes and a valid outcome measure for use in local and national quality improvement programs.

title: Discharge destination after acute hospitalization strongly predicts three month disability outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['final global disability']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: AIM: @entity455 are a rare cause of compression of the @entity825 and/or the esophagus, causing stridor and/or severe @entity1282 . We present our experience in the diagnosis and management of @entity455 . METHODS: Retrospective study in which we analyzed clinical history, diagnosis and management of 18 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity455 between January 1985 and December 2013. We evaluate endoscopy as a diagnostic method. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity1 were included, with a median age of 2 years. 83.3% (15/18) had some type of symptom: 46.7% (7/15) had @entity1576 such as @entity649 , stridor, recurrent @entity1729 , @entity5143 with wheezing or @entity565 in older @entity1 ; 20% (3/15) had digestive symptoms such as @entity1282 , @entity391 and regurgitation; and 33.3% (5/15) combined respiratory and digestive symptoms. The remaining @entity1 , 16.7% (3/18) were asymptomatic and the diagnosis was casual. The most common types of @entity455 were double aortic arch (27.8%) and aberrant subclavian right artery (27.8%). In 3 cases (16.7%) a Kommerell diverticulum was associated. 44.4% (n = 8) was operated on, the remaining did not present symp- toms which justify the intervention (n = 10). 37.5% of @entity1 had @entity260 ( @entity912 and persistent @entity825 ). There was no mortality in our series. The median follow-up was 6.4 years. At the moment, 88.9% of @entity1 are asymptomatic, and 33.3% have been definitely discharged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity455 are rare, and usually presented with common symptoms in childhood. Therefore, in front of a longstanding and recurrent @entity1576 , or @entity1282 , we should think of a @entity455 . Not all subjects are candidates for surgical correction; therefore a multidisciplinary evaluation is essential.

title: [Anillos XXXX , our experience with 18 cases].

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia', 'trachea']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular rings', 'vascular rings', 'vascular ring']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic recurrent paralysis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular rings']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: s: The purpose of the current trial was to compare the relief of @entity1224 from treatment with a single dose of @entity3045 ,7.5 mg (single-dose group), with that from three sequential doses of @entity3045 , 2.5 mg, spaced 20 min apart (multidose group). DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial designed to test equivalence. SETTING: Urban county hospital emergency department. @entity1 OR @entity1 : Adult @entity1 between the ages of 18 and 60 years presenting to the emergency department with @entity697 , as defined by the American @entity1514 Society criteria, with FEV (1) on presentation to the emergency department of < or = 75% of predicted were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: After the initial evaluation, @entity1 were administered either @entity3045 , 2.5 mg via nebulizer every 20 min for a total of three doses, or @entity3045 7.5 mg via nebulizer in a single dose. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity1 participated, 46 in the single-dose group and 48 in the multidose group. @entity1 in both groups had severe @entity3885 on presentation to the emergency department (single-dose group pretreatment FEV(1), 45% of predicted [SD, 16% of predicted]; multidose group pretreatment FEV(1), 47% of predicted [SD, 17% of predicted]; p = 0.62). The primary outcome measure was the change in FEV(1) percent predicted over time. The secondary outcome measures were disposition after treatment (ie, hospitalization or discharge to home) and the incidence of side effects. We noted a 44.5% improvement (SD, 56.2%) in pretreatment to posttreatment FEV(1) values in the single-dose group and a 38.1% improvement (SD, 37.3%) in the multidose group (p = 0.52). A similar proportion of @entity1 in both groups required hospitalization (single-dose group, 48%; multidose group, 41%; p = 0.51). There was a trend for the @entity1 in the single-dose group to experience more side effects than @entity1 in the multidose group ( @entity1 in the single-dose group @entity1 , 40% [SD, 19%]; multidose group @entity1 , 22% [SD, 10%]; p = 0.06). CONCLUSION: A single dose of 7.5 mg nebulized @entity3045 and sequential doses of 2.5 mg nebulized @entity3045 are clinically equivalent in the treatment of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity697 and result in similar dispositions from the emergency department.

title: Comparison of single 7.5-mg dose treatment vs sequential multidose 2.5-mg treatments with nebulized XXXX in the treatment of @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['albuterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of @entity15626 ( @entity9104 , Tecfidera) treatment of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) on leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets. METHODS: Peripheral blood leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets, including CD3(+), @entity404 (+), and @entity405 (+) T cells; @entity1075 (+) B cells; and @entity2940 (+) natural killer (NK) cells, were obtained at baseline and monitored at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after initiation of @entity9104 treatment. RESULTS: Total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts diminished after 6 months of @entity9104 therapy. At 12 months, lymphocyte counts had decreased by 50.1% (p < 0.0001) and were below the lower limit of normal (LLN) in one-half of @entity1 . CD3(+) T lymphocyte counts fell by 44.2% (p < 0.0001). Among subsets, @entity405 (+) T cell counts declined by 54.6% (p < 0.0001), whereas @entity404 (+) T cell counts decreased by 39.2% (p = 0.0006). This disproportionate reduction of @entity405 (+) T cells relative to @entity404 (+) T cells was significant (p = 0.007) and was reflected by a 35.5% increase in the @entity404 / @entity405 ratio (p = 0.007). A majority of @entity405 (+) T cell counts, but not @entity404 (+) T cell counts, were below the LLN even when total lymphocyte counts were greater than 500 cells/ L. @entity1075 (+) B cell counts were reduced by 37.5% (p = 0.035). Eosinophil levels decreased by 54.1% (p = 0.006), whereas levels of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and NK cells were not significantly altered. CONCLUSION: Subsets of peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes are differentially affected by @entity9104 treatment of @entity15 . Reduction of @entity405 (+) T cells is more pronounced than that of @entity404 (+) T cells. These findings may have implications for cell-mediated antiviral immunity during @entity9104 treatment.

title: Reduction of @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes in @entity15 @entity1 treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl fumarate']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15626 :: (MESH:C056020,Chemical) :: ['dimethyl fumarate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of tissue environment on the invasiveness of @entity189 cells and the implication of expression of matrix metalloproteinases. METHODS: Tissue from a @entity1 @entity356 was transplanted and passaged subcutaneously in @entity19 . After the 3rd passage, the xenografts were also transplanted into the abdominal cavity of @entity19 . The invasiveness of xenografts at the two locations were observed morphologically and the expressions of @entity1476 , @entity1917 , @entity1495 , @entity1550 , @entity26381 -MMP, TM2-MMP and TM3-MMP were monitored by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The subcutaneous xenografts of @entity1 @entity356 in @entity19 presented as expanding outgrowths with limited invasion. Except for @entity1917 , the other 6 MMPs ( @entity1476 , @entity1495 , @entity1550 , @entity26381 -MMP, TM2-MMP, TM3-MMP) were not expressed in the neoplastic cells nor in the @entity5 stroma. In contrast, the intra-peritoneal xenografts displayed an invasive growth pattern accompanied by more @entity82 . All MMPs examined were expressed in the @entity5 cells at the invasive fronts and in the adjacent stroma. CONCLUSIONS: Invasiveness and expression of MMPs were obviously diverse in @entity1 @entity356 cells when grafted at different anatomic locations in @entity19 , thus indicating: (1) There exists a close interaction between @entity5 cells and surrounding stromal cells. The tissue environment may play a definitive role in the @entity5 phenotype. (2) The expression of MMPs is closely related to the growth pattern and the invasiveness of @entity5 cells. MMPs produced by the stroma cells at the invasion front may be linked to the invasiveness of neoplastic cells.

title: [Diversity of invasiveness and matrix metalloproteinases expression profile of @entity1 XXXX xenografted in different tissue environments].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous stroma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity161 @entity1 are known to manifest widespread, multifaceted @entity73 . There is now an increasing emphasis on the critical importance of @entity73 for the functional outcome in @entity161 . Typical antipsychotics, although effective in reducing positive symptoms of the illness, have not shown much effect on cognitive functions. Atypical antipsychotics have shown promise of improving some cognitive functions. OBJECTIVES: This naturalistic study aimed to determine whether @entity1037 and @entity1088 improve cognitive functioning in a sample of 48 @entity1 with chronic @entity161 who had either failed to show sufficient clinical improvements or suffered from distressing side effects with conventional antipsychotics and were switched to either @entity1037 or @entity1088 for clinical reasons and, if so, whether the two drugs produce similar or different cognitive effects. METHODS: All @entity1 completed a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests designed to index executive functioning, @entity2414 , and psychomotor speed at: (i) baseline, (ii) after 6 weeks and (iii) after 6 months of treatment with @entity1037 or @entity1088 . RESULTS: From the initial 48 @entity1 who remained on @entity1037 ( n=16) or @entity1088 ( n=14) for the entire duration with continuous participation, 30 provided data for this study. There were improvements over time (i.e. from baseline through 6 weeks to 6 months) in both treatment groups on @entity8408 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate similar beneficial effects of @entity1037 and @entity1088 on verbal learning and memory measures in @entity1 showing a favourable clinical response to these drugs.

title: Cognitive effects of XXXX and @entity1088 treatment in chronic @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['verbal fluency, verbal learning and verbal and visual memory measures']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['verbal learning, verbal and visual and memory, attention, working memory']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['olanzapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose with subsequent fermentation to @entity1068 provides a green alternative for the production of transportation fuels. Because of its recalcitrant nature, the lignocellulosic biomass must be pretreated before enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the pretreatment often results in the formation of compounds that are inhibitory for the enzymes or fermenting organism. Although well recognized, little quantitative information on the inhibition of individual cellulase components by identified inhibitors is available. RESULTS: Strong cellulase inhibitors were separated from the liquid fraction of the hydrothermal pretreatment of @entity3505 straw. HPLC and mass-spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the inhibitors were oligosaccharides (inhibitory oligosaccharides, IOS) with a degree of polymerization from 7 to 16. The IOS are composed of a mixture of xylo- (XOS) and gluco-oligosaccharides (GOS). We propose that XOS and GOS are the fragments of the xylan backbone and mixed-linkage b-glucans, respectively. The IOS were approximately 100 times stronger inhibitors for @entity8869 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) than cellobiose, which is one of the strongest inhibitors of these enzymes reported to date. Inhibition of endoglucanases (EGs) by IOS was weaker than that of CBHs. Most of the tested cellulases and hemicellulases were able to slowly degrade IOS and reduce the inhibitory power of the liquid fraction to some extent. The most efficient single enzyme component here was @entity8869 EG TrCel7B. Although reduced by the enzyme treatment, the residual inhibitory power of IOS and the liquid fraction was strong enough to silence the major component of the @entity8869 cellulase system, CBH TrCel7A. CONCLUSIONS: The cellulase inhibitors described here may be responsible for the poor yields from the enzymatic conversion of the whole slurries from lignocellulose pretreatment under conditions that do not favor complete degradation of hemicellulose. Identification of the inhibitory compounds helps to design better enzyme mixtures for their degradation and to optimize the pretreatment regimes to minimize their formation.

title: Strong cellulase inhibitors from the hydrothermal pretreatment of XXXX straw.

entities_list: @entity8869 :: ('51453', 'Species') :: ['Trichoderma reesei', 'T. reesei']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of diet-induced @entity3002 and @entity943 in subjects with severe @entity28 and the influence of a high-fat or a high- @entity1735 diet regimen on heart rate variability in @entity28 individuals. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Eight severely @entity28 subjects (BMI > or = 40.0 kg/m(2)) underwent a 3-month @entity353 program followed by a 3-month reduced-weight maintenance regimen. Thereafter, each subject was admitted for an inpatient period of 17 days on two separate occasions. A high- @entity1735 (60%) or high-fat (55%) diet of appropriate energy content for weight maintenance was prescribed during each inpatient phase. Heart rate variability was derived from a 24-hour Holter monitoring system in all subjects during their inpatient stay. Cardiac Holter monitoring was performed at three occasions (baseline, diet phase I, and diet phase II), including the second night of a two overnight calorimetry chamber stay. RESULTS: After the diet regimen, there was a 10% decrease in weight. There were no significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, @entity943 , @entity413 , insulin, total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , respiratory exchange ratio, and resting energy expenditure between experiments. Mean heart rate was lower after @entity353 compared with baseline (p < 0.001). After @entity353 , there was an increase in the parasympathetic indices of heart rate variability showing an increase in cardiac vagal modulation (all p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Weight loss is associated with significant improvement in autonomic cardiac modulation through enhancement of parasympathetic modulation, which clinically translates into a decrease in heart rate.

title: Impact of diet-induced XXXX in severe @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['reduced-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss on cardiac autonomic nervous system modulation']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3002 :: (MESH:D009421,Disease) :: ['weight loss on the cardiac autonomic nervous system']


abstract: deltaNp63 is overexpressed in @entity957 where it is associated with proliferation and is believed to enhance cell growth by blocking @entity899 -mediated transactivation. In normal epithelium, deltaNp63alpha protein expression is abundant in basal cells and decreases with differentiation. To explore the biological consequences of deltaNp63alpha overexpression in relation to @entity105 , we evaluated its effect on normal squamous differentiation and @entity899 transactivation function in keratinocytes. Forced overexpression of deltaNp63alpha in primary @entity19 keratinocytes in vitro inhibits morphological differentiation induced by elevated extracellular [ @entity141 ], abrogates @entity141 -induced @entity851 , and blocks expression of maturation-specific proteins keratin 10 and filaggrin. This suggests that deltaNp63 overexpression in @entity957 may serve to maintain the basal cell phenotype and promote cell survival. deltaNp63alpha blocks transactivation of @entity899 responsive reporter constructs mediated by endogenous or exogenous @entity899 at 17 h postinfection, as expected. However, at 41 h, when @entity899 -mediated transactivation is diminished, deltaNp63alpha enhances transactivation of these reporter constructs by 2.2-12-fold over control. Maximal deltaNp63alpha-induced transactivation requires intact @entity899 responsive elements, but is independent of cellular @entity899 status. This positive transcriptional function of deltaNp63alpha appears to be cell-type specific, as it is not observed in primary dermal fibroblasts or Saos-2 cells. These findings support deltaNp63alpha as a master regulator of keratinocyte differentiation, and suggest a novel function of this protein in the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis.

title: deltaNp63alpha functions as both a positive and a negative transcriptional regulator and blocks in vitro differentiation of XXXX keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of suicide in young @entity1 related to family and individual @entity146 and socioeconomic factors. DESIGN: Population based nested case-control study. SETTING: Data from longitudinal Danish registers. CASES AND CONTROL: 496 young @entity1 aged 10-21 years who had committed suicide during 1981-97 in Denmark and 24, 800 controls matched for sex, age, and time. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: All suicides in Denmark compared with controls; parents and siblings identified from population based registers; inpatient information from discharge registers of national hospitals; and socioeconomic data from administrative registers. RESULTS: Parental factors associated with an increased risk of suicide in young @entity1 were suicide or @entity204 , admission to hospital for a @entity1032 , unemployment, low income, poor schooling, and divorce, as well as @entity1032 in siblings and @entity1032 and short duration of schooling in the young @entity1 themselves. The strongest risk factor was @entity1032 in the young @entity1 . The effect of the parents' socioeconomic factors decreased after adjustment for a family history of @entity1032 and a family history of suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Recognising @entity1032 in young @entity1 and dealing with it appropriately could help prevent suicides. The high relative risk associated with a low socioeconomic status of the parents may be confounded and overestimated if not adjusted for @entity1032 and suicide in the family.

title: Familial, XXXX , and socioeconomic risk factors for suicide in young @entity1 : nested case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of surgical and medical treatment of @entity571 is difficult to assess because of the lack of a noninvasive, sensitive measure of cartilage integrity. Delayed @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) was designed to specifically examine glycosaminoglycan changes in articular cartilage that occur during the development of @entity571 . Our primary goal was to compare this technique with measurement of the joint space width on conventional radiographs in @entity1 with @entity572 . We performed this comparison by assessing the correlation between the findings of each technique and clinically important factors such as @entity158 , severity of @entity1141 , and age. METHODS: Sixty-eight hips in forty-three @entity1 were included in the study. Clinical symptoms were assessed with use of the Western Ontario and @entity571 (WOMAC) questionnaire. The width of the joint space as well as the lateral center-edge angle of Wiberg (as a measure of the severity of the @entity1141 ) was measured on standard standing radiographs. Magnetic resonance imaging maps of glycosaminoglycan distribution were made with T1-calculated images after administration of @entity27307 (2-) ( @entity7241 (2-) ). The dGEMRIC index was calculated as the average of the T1 values for the acetabular and femoral head cartilages. RESULTS: The dGEMRIC index correlated with both @entity158 (rs = -0.50, p < 0.0001) and the lateral center-edge angle (rs = 0.52, p < 0.0001), whereas the joint space width did not correlate with either, with the numbers available. There was a correlation between the dGEMRIC index and @entity158 whether or not a labral tear was present. The dGEMRIC index was significantly different (p < 0.0001) among three groups of hips classified according to whether they had mild, moderate, or severe @entity1141 , whereas the joint space width did not differ significantly among these three groups. There was no significant correlation between age and any of the other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that, in @entity1 with @entity572 , the dGEMRIC index-a measure of the biochemical integrity of cartilage-correlates with @entity158 and the severity of the @entity1141 and is significantly different among groups of hips with mild, moderate, and severe @entity1141 , suggesting that it may be a sensitive measure of early @entity571 . Additional studies are needed to determine whether dGEMRIC can be used to predict disease progression in different situations and/or demonstrate responses to therapeutic interventions.

title: Assessment of early XXXX in @entity572 with delayed @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity27307 :: ('CHEBI:35778', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to establish to what extent the survival rates of muscle-invasive @entity150 are influenced by the @entity5 stage at initial presentation. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study examined the clinical course of 230 @entity1 who underwent radical cystectomy for @entity150 from 1992 to 2002. The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the histological results of the @entity5 resection (TURB). In group 1 (n = 41) radical cystectomy was carried out for a superficial @entity150 which had a high likelihood of progressing. Group 2 (n = 57) consisted of @entity1 who displayed a superficial @entity5 stage when they first presented and developed progressive muscle-invasive @entity150 under conservative treatment. Group 3 (n = 132) was made up of @entity1 who were already at the muscle-invasive @entity5 stage in the course of primary TURB. The histopathological characteristics of all transurethral @entity5 resections and radical cystectomy were recorded. Progression-free survival and overall survival in the three groups were then compared. RESULTS: The average @entity1 age when cystectomy was carried out was 63.9 (35-80) years and the average follow-up period was 38 months. An average of 2.3 (1-16) transurethral @entity5 resections were carried out before radical cystectomy (median = 1). Progression-free survival and overall survival of all 230 @entity1 was 54 and 50%, respectively, after 5 years. The best result was a 74% progression-free 5-year survival rate with organ-confined lymph node-negative @entity5 (n = 106) which was statistically significant (p = 0.0004) compared to the progression-free 5-year survival rate of 50% for non-organ-confined, lymph node-negative @entity5 (n = 64). Lymph node-positive @entity1 achieved a progression-free survival rate of 21% after 5 years regardless of the @entity5 infiltration. @entity1 in group 1 achieved a progression-free 5-year survival rate of 77% and an overall survival rate of 63% after 5 years. In group 2 @entity1 achieved a progression-free survival rate of 51% after 5 years and an overall survival rate of 50%. In the case of primary @entity11090 (group 3), progression-free survival and overall survival were 49 and 46%, respectively, after 5 years. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 with regard to their progression-free or overall survival rates (p > 0.35). However, both groups displayed a significantly poorer progression-free and overall survival rate compared with group 1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results show that superficial @entity150 with @entity5 progress to @entity11090 does not have a better prognosis after radical cystectomy than initial muscle-invasive @entity150 . Survival rates in this group can only be improved by singling out @entity1 on the basis of risk factors at an earlier stage and carrying out a cystectomy.

title: Survival rates after radical cystectomy according to @entity5 stage of XXXX at first presentation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'initial and final transurethral tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle invasion']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of job strain (high @entity14783 and low decision latitude) to @entity101 , serum lipids, and plasmafibrinogen. METHODS: The study population consisted of employed @entity1 between the ages of 15 and 64 years in the counties of Stockholm, V  sternorrland, and J  mtland, Sweden. The data collection was carried out during 1992-1998. A total of 10,382 subjects participated in a medical examination and completed a questionnaire. RESULTS: No strong associations were found between job strain and plasma @entity2002 . The males reporting job strain had lower levels of total @entity165 and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 than the other males. Similar tendencies were found for the females. The females, but not the males, with job strain had an increased prevalence of @entity101 when compared with the subjects with relaxed psychosocial work characteristics. In the subgroups of younger males and females an adverse association between job strain and the ratio between low-density and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 was noted. CONCLUSIONS: The results do not support the hypothesis that job strain has an adverse impact on serum total @entity165 and plasma @entity2002 levels. They suggest that an increased risk of @entity301 in association with job strain, if causal, is mediated by other factors, possibly partly by @entity101 and low levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 .

title: Job strain and major risk factors for @entity301 among employed males and females in a Swedish study on work, lipids and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14783 :: ('MESH:D007589', 'Disease') :: ['psychological job demands']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiation combined with chemotherapy has recently been proposed to treat @entity1 with localised extranodal natural killer (NK)/ @entity784 (ENKTL), nasal type. However, the modalities of the chemoradiotherapy combination and drug choices remain a matter of debate. We conducted a concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) study with the ESHAP ( @entity2879 , @entity479 , High-dose @entity2592 and @entity902 ) regimen. METHODS: An induction phase with two upfront courses of CCRT delivering a 40Gy dose of radiation concurrently with two cycles of the ESHAP chemotherapy regimen, followed by a consolidation phase with 2-3 cycles of ESHAP chemotherapy alone. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 with localised ENKTL nasal type were enrolled between January 2005 and December 2014. The median age was 62years. Ten and three @entity1 had Ann Arbor stage IE and IIE disease, respectively. They all completed the induction CCRT phase. A median of two consolidation ESHAP cycles were delivered. During consolidation, 8/13 (62%) @entity1 had a reduction in the number of chemotherapy cycles or reduced chemotherapy doses, due to haematologically adverse events. The other five @entity1 (38%) received the full number of ESHAP cycles of chemotherapy scheduled without a dose reduction. All but one @entity1 (92%) experienced grade 3-4 haematological @entity137 . The main non-haematological grade 3-4 @entity137 was @entity33 in 6/13 (46%) @entity1 . All but one @entity1 (92%) achieved a complete remission. Two-year overall survival was 72%. CONCLUSIONS: With optimal management of the specific @entity137 induced by this treatment modality, CCRT with the ESHAP regimen yielded high efficacy against localised ENKTL, nasal type.

title: Concurrent @entity2879 , @entity479 , High-dose XXXX and @entity902 chemotherapy with radiation therapy in localised extranodal natural killer (NK)/ @entity784 , nasal type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['Ara-C']


abstract: We report a case of @entity6196 ( @entity6196 ) arising in the transverse colonic mesentery. A 24-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to Kagoshima City Hospital with complaints of @entity490 and sensations of abdominal fullness of 5 months' duration. On palpation, a mass the size of an @entity1 's head was noted in the right flank. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography showed a huge mass that consisted of multiple cystic components. On arteriography, a slight @entity5 stain appeared, with stretched and displaced tributaries of the right colic and middle colic arteries. Barium swallow examination demonstrated that the ascending colon was shifted to the right and small intestine to the left. We performed an en-bloc resection of the @entity5 in the transverse colonic mesentery, including the ascending colon, proximal jejunum (20 cm in length), and greater omentum. The resected @entity5 was 12 x 10 x 7 cm in size, 590g in weight, elastic soft in consistency, and multicystic. Histologically, the specimens showed a sheet-like proliferation of spindle-to-polygonal cells, and focally, the @entity5 formed rosette structures. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) and @entity3778 . EWS- @entity21468 chimeric mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Based on the above findings, we finally diagnosed the @entity5 as @entity6196 of the colonic mesentery. There has been no recurrence for 20 months after operation. @entity6196 arising in the mesentery is very rare, and we distinguished @entity6196 from other @entity5 by immunohistochemical examination and by demonstration of the presence of EWS- @entity21468 chimeric mRNA in the @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the transverse colonic mesentery defined by the presence of EWS- @entity21468 chimeric mRNA in a Japanese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['primitive neuroectodermal tumor', 'PNET']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity6196 :: (MESH:D018242,Disease) :: ['Primitive neuroectodermal tumor']


abstract: Corrected QT (QTc) intervals were measured retrospectively in 160 consecutive survivors of @entity583 under 66 years of age. Calculations were made the first 2 d in the coronary care unit (CCU), the first post-CCU day, at discharge, and at 1-3, 6, and 12 months after discharge. All @entity1 were in sinus rhythm and without @entity5036 at discharge from the hospital. Sixteen @entity1 died during the first follow-up year. Twenty @entity1 suffered a reinfarction, five of whom died. The highest QTc values were registered in the CCU and the lowest at the 1-year control. @entity1 with @entity1188 had longer QTc intervals than those with transmural @entity1188 , especially during the acute phase. @entity1 with inferior @entity1188 had @entity13198 during the CCU period. Those who reinfarcted or died a @entity204 (particularly when sudden) during the follow-up year had longer QTc intervals during the post-CCU phase. A multivariate analysis of risk factors revealed that the QTc interval at discharge was of significant independent value for predicting major @entity299 after discharge from the hospital. It is concluded that repeated measurements of QTc may be of value when assessing prognosis after @entity583 .

title: QTc intervals in XXXX : first-year prognostic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial infarcts', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity13198 :: ('OMIM:610141', 'Disease') :: ['shorter QTc intervals']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to determine whether the risk of @entity548 after transbronchial lung biopsy is increased in @entity1 taking @entity117 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: After excluding @entity1 with other coagulation problems, 1,217 @entity1 who had undergone transbronchial lung biopsy during a prospective 1.5-year study period were included in this study. The use of @entity117 was not discontinued before the procedure. Two hundred eighty-five @entity1 (23%) had consumed @entity117 within 24 h of the procedure, and most of them (82%) used @entity117 on a daily basis. Transbronchial biopsies were performed, and the @entity548 incidence was compared between the groups. RESULTS: A total of 57 @entity1 (4.7%) experienced procedure-related @entity548 . @entity548 occurred in 5 of 285 @entity1 (1.8%) taking @entity117 and in 27 of 932 control @entity1 (2.9%; not significant). Moderate @entity548 was seen in 3 of 285 @entity1 (1.1%) in the @entity117 group and in 13 of 932 @entity1 (1.4%) in the control group (not significant). Major @entity548 occurred in only 9 @entity1 , 2 of 285 (0.9%) in the @entity117 group and 7 of 932 (0.8%) in the control group (not significant). All @entity548 was controlled by endoscopic means, and there were no fatalities and no need for blood transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the risk of severe @entity548 after transbronchial lung biopsy is small (ie, < 1%) and that the use of @entity117 is not associated with any increased risk of @entity548 .

title: XXXX does not increase @entity548 complications after transbronchial biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Minor bleeding', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics of clinical features, laboratory tests, treatments and outcomes of childhood @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted for 130 cases of first-confirmed childhood @entity1252 hospitalized from 2001 to 2008. Their clinical data of initial manifestations, system involvements, laboratory tests, treatments and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Among them, there were 25 males and 105 females with a gender ratio of 1: 4.2. The youngest was 4 years old and the oldest 16 years old. And the mean age of onset was 11.5    2.2 years. RESULTS: The initial manifestations included @entity221 (66%), @entity1910 (62.33%) and @entity1295 (47.33%). And the cutaneous-mucosal system (80%), hematological system (70.77%) and kidney (66.15%) were frequently involved. @entity417 (64.62%) and urine protein positivity (66.15%) were the most common abnormalities. All @entity1 had positive ANA. The positive rate of anti-dsDNA was 88.37%. Six patients had @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). The levels of IgM-aCL and IgM-anti-b2-GP-Iwere moderately or higher positive. Glucocorticoid was the first-line medication. All @entity1 took @entity230 . Different immunodepressants were also used depending on the severity of illness. The effective rates of one month and one year were 80.7% and 95.1% respectively. Six @entity1 died. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 with serious organ involvements as the initial manifestations end to have a worse prognosis. @entity1503 are the most frequently involved. Most @entity1 have a high level of ANA titer. IgM-aCL and IgM-anti-b2-GP-Iare sensitive for diagnosing @entity1701 . Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment and regular follow-ups may help to improve the clinical prognosis of @entity1252 .

title: [Clinical features, treatment and follow-ups of childhood XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous-mucosal system, hematological system and kidney']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: We have found that the @entity25014 (MCFAs) undecanoic acid (11:0), @entity65735 (11:1 @entity65736 ), and @entity27146 (12:0) can affect the growth of @entity375 in a dose-dependent manner. The principal effect was a longer lag phase in @entity25014 -containing medium, although higher concentrations of 11:1 Delta 10 inhibited growth. Their relative order of inhibitory action was 11:1 Delta 10>11:0>12:0. Cellular content with MCFA supplementation was dependent on the concentration and the particular species of @entity844 , with 12:0 showing the highest relative accumulation and 11:1 Delta 10 the lowest at all concentrations. We have isolated and characterized a mutant that is hypersensitive to MCFA supplementation and is unable to grow at the normally permissive condition of 1 mM 11:1 Delta 10. However, it does not appear to accumulate higher relative levels of the fed MCFA compared to wild-type cells. Complementation of the mutant revealed that the @entity65737 gene, encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in @entity12364 biosynthesis, had been mutated. The @entity844 composition of the @entity65737 Delta mutant differs only slightly from wild-type cells, mainly involving an increase in the relative amount of 12:0. These results indicate that @entity375 require @entity12364 for optimal growth on certain MCFAs. We discuss the role @entity12364 may have in cells responding to exogenous MCFAs and in supporting optimal cell growth.

title: Mutations in XXXX affect the sensitivity of @entity375 to @entity25014 .

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity27146 :: ('MESH:C030358', 'Chemical') :: ['lauric acid']

entities_list: @entity25014 :: ('CHEBI:59554', 'Chemical') :: ['medium-chain fatty acids', 'MCFA']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity65735 :: ('MESH:C538763', 'Chemical') :: ['10-undecenoic acid']

answer: @entity65737 :: (852872(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['erg4']


abstract: A study was performed with @entity95 to examine the efficacy of treatments for @entity298 and, specifically, to determine whether it is beneficial to include antibiotics in the saline used to irrigate the peritoneum. A standardized inoculum of @entity1 stool suspension was placed in the peritoneal cavity of the @entity95 . Fifty-six @entity95 were studied to compare the effect of treatments begun 2 hours after peritoneal soiling. The administration of no treatment resulted in 100% mortality (14 of 14). Parenteral @entity12092 25 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM) twice a day ( @entity49662 ) with no other treatment reduced mortality to 50% (p less than 0.05). @entity12092 25 mg/kg IM @entity49662 plus irrigation of the peritoneum with plain saline further reduced mortality to 21% (3 of 14, p less than 0.05). @entity12092 25 mg/kg IM @entity49662 plus irrigation of the peritoneum with saline containing @entity12092 1.0 mg/mL reduced mortality to 14% (2 of 14, p = not significant). These treatments also produced a progressive decrease in the number of intraperitoneal abscesses from 24.0 +/- 2.1 (mean +/- SEM) in the animals receiving no treatment to 9.7 +/- 1.2 abscesses in the animals receiving peritoneal irrigation with saline containing @entity12092 (p less than 0.001). A second experiment then was performed specifically to examine the efficacy of intraperitoneal antibiotics. A lethal fecal inoculum was determined in @entity95 receiving conventional therapy, i.e., parenteral antibiotics ( @entity12092 ) and irrigation of the peritoneum with plain saline. With two hours delay before treatment, @entity12092 25 mg/kg IM @entity49662 and irrigation with plain saline produced 80% mortality (11 of 14). @entity12092 25 mg/kg IM @entity49662 plus @entity12092 1.0 mg/mL in the saline washout reduced mortality to 21% (3 of 14, p = 0.003) and markedly reduced the number of intraperitoneal abscesses from 13.4 +/- 0.7 in the animals receiving irrigation with plain saline to 8.1 +/- 0.8 in the animals receiving irrigation with saline containing @entity12092 (p less than 0.0001). Thus, intraperitoneal irrigation with antibiotics was highly effective. Serum antibiotic levels drawn 30 minutes after irrigation were 112.7 +/- 22.4 micrograms/mL in animals that received irrigation with plain saline, and 101.7 +/- 15.2 micrograms/mL in animals that received irrigation with saline containing @entity12092 . These serum levels were not significantly different. With 6 hours delay before treatment, all therapy was less effective. @entity12092 25 mg/kg IM @entity49662 and irrigation with plain saline resulted in 100% mortality (14 of 14). With 6 hours delay, @entity12092 25 mg/kg IM @entity49662 and irrigation with saline containing @entity12092 reduced mortality to 80% (11 of 14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of intraperitoneal antibiotics in the treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12092 :: ('MESH:D015313', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefotetan', 'cefotetan']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['fecal peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['fecal peritonitis']