abstract: It is known that @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) plays an important role in the activation of host antitumor immune response. In addition to @entity1199 cell surface receptor, a soluble form of @entity3647 (SIL-2R) may be released in the blood and potentially be involved in the regulation of @entity1199 availability. High SIL-2R levels have been found in @entity1 with @entity2 . The current study evaluated the influence of changes in SIL-2R serum levels during the perioperative period on early relapse rate in @entity1 with operable @entity1149 . The study included 60 @entity1 ( @entity957 , 33; @entity420 , 27). Serum levels of SIL-2R were measured with an enzyme immunoassay before surgery and 7 and 30 days after surgery. A surgery-induced increase in SIL-2R levels was seen 7 days after surgery in 38 of 60 @entity1 . On the 30th day after surgery, SIL-2R values were lower than the preoperative values in 32 @entity1 (Group A) or still greater in the other 28 @entity1 (Group B). After a median follow-up of 10 months, relapse occurred in 19 of 60 @entity1 . The relapse rate was significantly higher in Group B than in Group A @entity1 (16 of 28 versus 3 of 32, respectively; P less than 0.001). This difference also was significant in relation to histotype and node status. This study shows that the persistence of increased SIL-2R levels in the postoperative period is associated with a higher early relapse rate in @entity1 with operable @entity1149 . The impact of SIL-2R levels on relapse suggests that host immune defenses may influence the clinical course of @entity1 with @entity2 . Therefore, the evaluation of SIL-2R in the perioperative period may represent a new prognostic biologic factor in operable @entity1149 .

title: Postoperative increase in soluble @entity1199 receptor serum levels as predictor for early recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ) is a syndrome characterized by stenoses or obstructions of the internal jugular and/or azygos veins with disturbed flow and formation of collateral venous channels. Studies using ultrasound in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) have demonstrated a high prevalence of @entity4096 (mean 70%; range 0-100%; N.=1496), whereas, in normal controls and @entity1 without @entity15 the prevalence was much lower (mean 10%; range 0-36%; N.=635). Ultrasound uses a combination of physiological measurements as well as anatomical imaging and has been used for the detection of @entity4096 by different centers with variable results. A high prevalence ranging from 62% to 100% of obstructive lesions has been found by some teams in @entity1 with @entity15 compared with a lower prevalence of 0-25% in controls. However, @entity75 or a lower prevalence (16-52%) has been reported by others. This variability could be the result of differences in technique, training, experience or criteria used. The current lack of a methodology shared among experts is a confounding element in epidemiologic studies, and does not permit further Bayesan or other kind of analysis. In order to ensure a high reproducibility of Duplex scanning with comparable accuracy between centers, a detailed protocol with standard methodology and criteria is proposed. This is also necessary for training. It has been shown that inter-rater variability increases post-training (from k=0.47 to k=0.80), while within-rater reproducibility in trained operators was k=0.75. Finally, the consensus document proposes a reporting standard of Duplex measurements, and future research to answer areas of uncertainty.

title: Screening for chronic @entity4096 ( XXXX ) using ultrasound--recommendations for a protocol.

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['absence of such lesions']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency', 'CCSVI']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['CCSVI']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2659 was isolated from aquatic environment, which grew with strict @entity462 @entity734 . In this study, we applied molecular methods to identify @entity2659 , and animal test to understand its virulence. METHODS: To identify @entity2659 strain, @entity2659 strain was tested for genus-specific 16S rRNA of @entity28664 via PCR amplification, then its rpoB gene was sequenced for phylogenic analysis. To understand the virulence, @entity2659 was detected for mip gene, which was an indispensable virulent gene of @entity28664 . Then, BABL/c @entity19 were infected by @entity2659 in different dosages. RESULTS: For identification, @entity2659 was positive for genus-specific 16S rRNA of @entity28664 , while in the phylogenic tree @entity2659 was a sister to @entity28664 with high posterior probability (PP = 1.00). For the virulence analysis, @entity2659 was positive for mip gene detection. In the animal test, all @entity19 tested died when the infection dose of @entity2659 strain reached 10(7) cfu/mL. CONCLUSION: @entity2659 strain was identified to be @entity28664 with strong virulence to BALB/c @entity19 . It may be a potential virulent strain to @entity1 . This is the first strain of @entity28664 isolated in Sichuan province, and this is the first virulence analysis of @entity28664 strain isolated from aquatic environment in China.

title: [Molecular identification, phylogenic and virulence analysis of a XXXX strain isolated from aquatic environment].

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity28664 :: ('450', 'Species') :: ['Legionella', 'Legionella longbeachae']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity28664 :: (450,Species) :: ['Legionella']


abstract: In addition to @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity11535 involves slowing of brain waves, loss of performance, inhibition of gastric motility and the Sopite Syndrome. The therapeutic effects of antimotion @entity2704 drugs on these reactions were evaluated. The subjects were rotated to the M-III end-point of @entity11535 . Intramuscular (IM) medications were then administered. Side effects before and after rotation were reported on the Cornell Medical Index. Brain waves were recorded on a Grass Model 6 Electroencephalograph (EEG), and gastric emptying was studied after an oral dose of 1 mCi Technetium 99m @entity12306 in 10 oz. isotonic saline. An increase in @entity1296 and drowsiness was reported with placebo after rotation. This was not prevented by IM @entity5591 0.1 mg or @entity6358 25 mg. EEG recordings indicated a slowing of alpha waves with some thea and delta waves from the frontal areas after rotation. IM ephedrine and @entity18399 counteracted the slowing while 0.3 mg @entity5591 had an additive effect. Alterations of performance on the pursuit meter correlated with the brain wave changes. Gastric emptying was restored by IM @entity1769 . @entity6358 IM but not @entity5591 is effective for some of the secondary effects of @entity11535 after it is established.

title: Therapeutic effects of antimotion XXXX medications on the secondary symptoms of @entity11535 .

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['Ephedrine', 'ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity18399 :: ('MESH:D004111', 'Chemical') :: ['dimenhydrinate']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['motion sickness']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['sickness']


abstract: During the years 1975-1985, fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver was performed in 655 @entity1 . The procedure entailed no complications. In 302 (46%) cases, the samples contained malignant cells; in 238 (36%), liver cells; in 46 (7%), cells suspected of @entity5 ; in 69 (11%) of cases, the samples were unsatisfactory. The medical records of 242 @entity1 were reviewed. Based on the results of different examinations it was established that 149 @entity1 had liver @entity3 and 62 did not. In 31 @entity1 , evaluation could not be done owing to insufficient data. The cytological findings were compared with the results of liver scintiscan, Alcaline phosphatase, serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and histological diagnoses. There were no false-positive cytological diagnoses. False-negative diagnoses were found in 14% of cases. Cytologically positive samples from known primaries were reviewed. It has been established that pallisade-like formations are characteristic for @entity3 of @entity4056 ; usually in these cases, @entity39 material and inflammatory cells were found as well.

title: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of XXXX in the liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of therapy with @entity500 / @entity4446 was studied in 78 @entity1 with @entity30 . Mean duration of therapy was 1.6 years; 52 @entity1 were treated greater than or equal to 6 months. All @entity1 were also on other antiinflammatory medications. Evaluations included self-assessment and physician's assessment of well-being, functional capacity, general clinical response, clinical activities indices (National Foundation for @entity13570 and @entity1960 /International Organization for the Study of @entity29 and Harvey-Bradshaw), and achievement of specific therapeutic goals. General clinical condition improved in 70% of the @entity1 . Median response time was 3 months. The average Harvey-Bradshaw score decreased 37% with therapy, and a decrease of greater than or equal to 30% occurred in 66% of the subjects. An overall 72% achievement rate for specified therapeutic goals included controlling refractory disease, 73%; corticosteroid "sparing," 76%; and lessening fistulization, 63%. Nine @entity1 got worse despite therapy. Adverse effects requiring discontinuation of therapy occurred in 10%, whereas dosages were briefly lowered for mild side effects in another 10%. This study demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of @entity500 / @entity4446 in the majority of selected @entity1 with chronic, unremitting, or @entity134 -requiring @entity30 .

title: Use of XXXX or @entity4446 in the treatment of @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['azathioprine']


abstract: Mycological, cultural and/or serological studies were performed on 98 @entity1 hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Catholic University in Rome with diagnoses of @entity791 ( @entity791 ) or @entity3230 . The incidence of @entity364 was evaluated by retrospectively analyzing the results of mycological examinations and comparing them with clinical manifestations. The presence of concomitant @entity2348 was also examined. For epidemiological purposes, the study was extended to include the biotyping of all @entity375 isolated from @entity1 hospitalized between September 1988 and February 1989 in the same Department. Antimycotic susceptibility was also determined for the first @entity375 isolate obtained from each of these @entity1 . @entity5253 (50 cases) caused by @entity5132 was the most frequent @entity3217 , followed by @entity2910 (13 cases) and @entity1328 (6 cases). Four out of the 6 @entity1328 @entity1 had meningeal involvement. @entity6923 (2 cases) and @entity2381 (1 case) were less common. Biotyping of @entity375 isolated between September 1988 and February 1989 with the killer system revealed type 377 to be the most common among the @entity5132 isolates. It represented 70% of all the @entity375 isolated.

title: Epidemiological and clinical aspects of @entity364 in @entity1 with XXXX -related pathologies.

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS', 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['Oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial, viral and parasitic infections']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS-related complex (ARC) diseases']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: In this chapter, the pathophysiology and neurochemical pathology of @entity75 is discussed on the basis of an integrative approach in which a comparison is made to cell @entity39 resulting from @entity63 and @entity4053 . Two main questions are asked. First, is the @entity75 resulting from these three disorders of cerebral energy metabolism similar in distribution and structural characteristics, as previously proposed? Second, is it possible to identify one or several neurochemical events, at the cellular and subcellular level, that qualify as the final common pathways leading to @entity528 ? A related question is, will @entity410 cause structural damage even if they do not critically curtail cellular @entity26 supply? A review of the literature and of recent results obtained in animals with long-term recovery following @entity159 of known duration suggests that although @entity75 caused by @entity302 shows some similarities to that incurred due to @entity63 and hypoglycemic insults, it is far from identical. In well oxygenated animals with an adequate cardiovascular function, 2 hr of @entity159 causes moderate @entity528 in the cerebral cortex (layers 3-4), the hippocampus ( @entity16711 and @entity1249 pyramidal cells), and the thalamus (ventromedial nuclei). In @entity35 , @entity159 of 30 min duration or longer invariably causes @entity1188 (pars reticularis), with some affectation of globus pallidus as well. Notably, @entity1251 pyramids and dentate neurons are spared, as is the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. Neurochemical events in @entity63 , @entity4053 , and @entity159 show some striking dissimilarities, yet all three conditions lead to @entity528 . In complete or near-complete @entity63 , in which metabolic rate virtually ceases; deterioration of tissue energy state is rapid and extensive, with dramatic loss of ion homeostasis; cellular redox systems are reduced; and @entity520 is marked to excessive. In @entity772 , @entity26 consumption continues, albeit at a reduced rate; loss of high energy @entity6546 is extensive but less than complete, as is loss of ion homeostasis; cellular redox system become oxidized; and @entity520 is absent. In @entity302 , finally, metabolic rate is markedly enhanced; perturbation of tissue energy state and of ion homeostasis is minimal to small; and @entity520 is moderate. Results obtained in experimental animals suggest that @entity528 , when incurred, is unrelated to energy failure and occurs in spite of adequate cellular oxygenation. Four neurochemical events are common to all three conditions discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX : pathophysiology and neurochemical pathology.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic brain damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic coma']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction of the substantia nigra']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal necrosis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Epileptic brain damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the MRI findings of an entity in which @entity1 present with @entity158 , abnormal MR signal intensity of the quadratus femoris muscle, and narrowing of the ischiofemoral space. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed MR images of 12 hips in nine @entity1 with @entity158 and abnormal MR signal intensity of the quadratus femoris muscle. Using axial MR images, two musculoskeletal radiologists measured the ischiofemoral and quadratus femoris spaces. We also examined changes to muscles and tendons for the presence of @entity4 and tears. Data were compared with 11 hips in 10 control subjects. Statistical analyses determined interobserver variability and differences between groups. RESULTS: Subjects with an abnormal quadratus femoris muscle were all @entity1 30-71 years old (mean age, 53 years) and had significantly narrower ischiofemoral spaces when compared with control subjects (13 +/- 5 vs 23 +/- 8 mm, respectively; p = 0.002). The quadratus femoris space was significantly narrower in affected subjects (7 +/- 3 vs 12 +/- 4 mm; p = 0.002). @entity854 muscle included @entity4 (100%), partial tear (33%), and @entity1560 (8%). The hamstring tendons of affected subjects showed evidence of @entity4 (50%) and partial tears (25%). CONCLUSION: Ischiofemoral impingement may represent a cause of @entity158 and should be considered in cases with MR signal abnormality of quadratus femoris muscle.

title: Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome: an entity with @entity158 and XXXX muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities of the quadratus femoris']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['abnormalities of the quadratus femoris']


abstract: The effects of @entity1949 and intraperitoneal salt loading on urine volume and on various urinary constituents have been examined in two gerbil species of the Rajasthan desert, the Indian desert gerbil (Meriones hurrianae Jerdon) and the Indian gerbil (Tatera indica indica Hardwicke). During summer, hydrated @entity28352 excreted 0.782 ml urine.100 g-1.d-1 which was about 60.5% higher than the volume of urine excreted by hydrated M. hurrianae (0.487 ml.100 g-1.d-1). During winter, both species excreted around 1.5 ml urine.100 g-1.d-1. The experimental treatments caused reductions in urine volume in M. hurrianae from 40 to 76% during summer and from 35 to 71% in winter. Similar treatments in @entity28352 caused reductions in urine volume of 50-82% in summer and 5-60% in winter. The mean increase in urine osmolarity following various salt loading treatments in @entity28352 ranged from 3800 to 5761 mosmol.l-1 and from 4034 to 6255 mosmol.l-1 during summer and winter, respectively. The mean values of urine osmolarity for hydrated @entity28352 were 2831 and 3189 mosmol.l-1 during summer and winter, respectively. In M. hurrianae salt loading treatments caused increases of urine osmolarity between 3381 and 5646 mosmol.l-1 and between 4032 and 5434 mosmol.l-1, during summer and winter, respectively, over the values recorded for hydrated animals (summer = 3292; winter = 3294 mosmol.l-1). A maximum urine osmolarity of around 7000 mosmol.l-1 was found in both species when subjected to 2% salt-loading treatment. The treatments used in this study increased urinary @entity1133 level in both @entity28352 (3039-4056 mM) and in M. hurrianae (1900-2180 mM) compared to the level in their respective hydrated controls ( @entity28352 = 1628 mM; M. hurrianae = 1372 mM). The results indicate that @entity28352 may be better adapted to produce more concentrated urine than M. hurrianae.

title: The effects of XXXX and salt load on water conservation efficiency in two Indian desert gerbils.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['water deprivation']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['water deprivation']


abstract: Immunoglobulin A @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) is now recognized as the most common form of primary @entity631 worldwide and is the major cause of @entity454 . As reported, the renal survival rate is 61% at 20 years and the renal prognosis of this disease is relatively poor on long-term observation, hence various protocols have been attempted to control this disease. At Iizuka Hospital, a prospective study of tonsillectomy with @entity1667 pulse therapy was performed for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity8 from August 2002. We reviewed the clinical efficacy of our protocol. From August 2002 to July 2006, 31 @entity1 whose @entity8 was demonstrated by percutaneous renal biopsy were administered our regimen. In our study, 12 @entity1 had an observation period of more than 24 months. Our protocol consisted of tonsillectomy with one course of @entity1667 pulse therapy. @entity1667 at the daily dose of 1,000 mg for 3 consecutive days followed by oral @entity134 at the daily dose of 20 mg, was gradually tapered, and discontinued one year later. All of the @entity1 were administered angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers with favorable control of @entity101 . The mean observation period for the 12 @entity1 with @entity8 was 37.4 months. The mean age at renal biopsy was 34.8 +/- 12.2 years. The male-female ratio was 3:9. At the renal biopsy in our hospital, mean @entity1011 value was 0.95 +/- 0.38 mg/dL, mean @entity1011 clearance was 92.1 +/- 34.9 mL/min, and the mean urinary protein and urinary @entity1011 ratio was 3.52 +/- 4.36. After 24 months, mean @entity1011 value was 1.03 +/- 0.59 mg/dL, mean @entity1011 clearance was 91.2 +/- 42.3 mL/min, and the mean urinary protein and urinary @entity1011 ratio was 0.83 +/- 0.98. Urinary protein and urine occult blood became negative in 66.7% of @entity1 , and the urinary remission rate was 58.3%. On our protocol, mean length of the hospital stay was 11.4 +/- 4.7 days. Our prospective study showed that tonsillectomy with one course of @entity1667 pulse therapy in @entity8 appears to be beneficial for urinary remission and contributes to a short hospital stay.

title: [Clinical evaluation of tonsillectomy with modified high-dose intravenous @entity1667 therapy in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: The @entity6447 are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that primarily affect the cerebellum; often there are additional features such as @entity16 , @entity73 , or @entity1020 that help define the clinical subtype of @entity2055 . They are commonly classified according to their mode of inheritance into autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and mitochondrial forms. Great advances have been made in understanding the genetics of @entity6447 in the last 15 years. At least 36 different forms of ADCA are known, 20 autosomal-recessive, two X-linked, and several forms of @entity2055 associated with @entity2383 are known to date. However, in about 40 % of suspected genetically determined @entity2055 cases, the underlying @entity74 remains undetermined. Although the majority of disease genes have been found in the last two decades, over the last 2 years the genetics has undergone a methodological revolution. New DNA sequencing technologies are enabling us to investigate the whole or large targeted proportions of the genome in a rapid, affordable, and comprehensive way. Exome and targeted sequencing has recently identified four new genes causing @entity2055 : @entity19538 , @entity27450 , @entity27451 , and @entity19694 . This approach is likely to continue to discover new @entity2055 genes and make screening of existing genes more effective. Translating the genetic findings into isolated and overlapping disease pathways will help stratify @entity1 groups and identify therapeutic targets for @entity2055 that have so far remained undiscovered.

title: Recent advances in the genetics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxias', 'hereditary cerebellar ataxias']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial defects']

answer: @entity6447 :: (MESH:D002524,Disease) :: ['cerebellar ataxias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This multicenter phase II study investigated the efficacy and feasibility of preoperative induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation and surgery in @entity1 with @entity418 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with locally advanced resectable @entity957 or @entity420 of the esophagus received induction chemotherapy with @entity900 75 mg/m(2) and @entity1205 (Taxotere) 75 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 22, followed by radiotherapy of 45 Gy (25 x 1.8 Gy) and concurrent chemotherapy comprising @entity900 25 mg/m(2) and @entity1205 20 mg/m(2) weekly for 5 weeks, followed by surgery. RESULTS: Sixty-six @entity1 were enrolled at eleven centers and 57 underwent surgery. R0 resection was achieved in 52 @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1 showed complete, 16 @entity1 nearly complete and 26 @entity1 poor pathological remission. Median overall survival was 36.5 months and median event-free survival was 22.8 months. @entity957 and good pathologically documented response were associated with longer survival. Eighty-two percent of all included @entity1 completed neoadjuvant therapy and survived for 30 days after surgery. @entity1282 and @entity33 grade 3/4 were infrequent (<9%) during chemoradiation. Five @entity1 (9%) died due to surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS: This neoadjuvant, @entity3907 -containing regimen was efficacious and feasible in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 in a multicenter, community-based setting and represents a suitable backbone for further investigation.

title: Multicenter phase II trial of preoperative induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation with XXXX and @entity900 for locally advanced @entity418 (SAKK 75/02).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: An oncology trial compared four cycles of @entity632 / @entity786 (AC) with four cycles of @entity1205 / @entity786 (TC) in operable @entity0 @entity1 (71% were diagnosed with hormone receptor positive and 48% with node-negative @entity0 ). The objective of this study was to estimate the lifetime cost effectiveness of AC versus TC, from a Chinese healthcare provider perspective, based on a clinical trial. A lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using a Markov model. Events rates and utilities in the Markov model were derived from published papers. Data on cost of @entity0 care were obtained from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, PR China. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were undertaken. Cost estimates were valued in Chinese yuan (Y), year 2008 values. All costs and outcomes were discounted at 3% per annum. @entity1 receiving TC gained 14.45 QALYs, 0.41 QALYs more than @entity1 receiving AC. The lifetime costs of @entity1 receiving TC were Y93 511, Y10 116 more than that of AC @entity1 . The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were Y26 742 per life-year gained ( pound 2719.8 per year) and Y24 305 per QALY gained ( pound2471.9 per QALY). The most sensitive parameter in the model was the cost of primary @entity5 treatments in the TC arm. At a threshold willingness to pay of Y86 514 per QALY, the probability of TC being cost effective was 90%. Our model suggests that TC may be considered cost effective from a Chinese healthcare provider perspective, according to the threshold defined by the WHO.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of adjuvant therapy for operable @entity0 from a Chinese perspective: @entity632 plus @entity786 versus XXXX plus @entity786 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: A quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for @entity748 @entity1 and their parents or caregivers was shown to exhibit reliability, factorial validity and possibility for application study in our previous report. The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal study of the questionnaires, including changes of QOL, responsibility to @entity1109 , consistency with conventional @entity565 scores and clinical outcomes during treatment with @entity2544 dry syrup for about three months. Overall QOL scores increased significantly (p < 0.01) with improvement in clinical outcomes. Longitudinal changes of QOL were compared with differences (after-before) and changes of ratio [(after-before/before)] in QOL by correlation analysis between differences of @entity565 scores. Changes of ratio in QOL were reflected by the clinical outcomes. Results of investigation of correlation between differences in @entity565 scores and changes of ratio in QOL domains were considered as follows. Physical domain was correlated with @entity565 symptoms, given the moderate correlation (rho = 0.497). Social and family domains showed fair correlation (rho = 0.382 - 0.384 respectively), both domains were hard to correlate with differences in @entity565 scores. Emotional domain showed fair correlation (rho = 0.264) for reflecting family's emotion. Poor correlation (rho = 0.071) was observed in individual growth domain which was necessary to evaluate for longer term. Changes of ratio in QOL responded significantly (p < 0.01) to improved and worst-unchanged groups which were categorized by the differences in @entity565 scores. In conclusion, QOL questionnaires showed @entity3057 for clinical outcomes and responsibility to @entity1109 . It yields useful information for understanding how @entity1109 affect parents or caregivers and investigating what treatments should be prescribed for the @entity1 with @entity565 .

title: [Development and evaluation of parent-related quality of life questionnaires for @entity748 XXXX and their parents or caregivers--evaluation of treatment process with sustained-release @entity2544 dry syrup].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal validity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A multicentre open trial was conducted in 31 centres to evaluate the therapeutic and ecological impact of @entity2892 - @entity9234 on @entity1 admitted to infectious pathology departments. Two-hundred @entity1 (mean age: 58 +/- 19.4 years) were included in the study. The predominant @entity281 were @entity295 , severe @entity293 and lower @entity1729 . Most of the @entity1 treated (188/200) had associated severity factors. The acute infectious episode had been present for 9.3 +/- 12.2 days before the drug was prescribed. In the majority of @entity1 the @entity281 was hospital-acquired. Two-hundred and fifteen out of the 298 initial bacterial isolates were Gram-negative bacilli. @entity2892 - @entity9234 was administered alone in 74.5 per cent of the @entity1 during 14.1 days on average in doses of 30 mg/kg/day. The drug was given as first-choice treatment in 60 per cent of the cases and after failure of another antibiotic therapy in 40 per cent. Clinical cure was obtained in 180 of the 198 assessable @entity1 . Among therapeutic failures, 4 were due to the emergence during treatment of an @entity2892 -resistant @entity796 , but 30 of the 42 strains of @entity796 isolated before treatment were eradicated. The therapeutic success rates were 100 per cent in @entity1320 , 94 per cent in septicaemias, 97 per cent in @entity293 and 82 per cent in lower @entity1729 , this last figure being one of the highest recorded in clinical trials. Frequent colonization or superinfection were not encountered in this study. The incidence of @entity3527 at the site of injection was 14 per cent.

title: [ XXXX - @entity9234 in @entity281 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipenem', 'imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['Imipenem']


abstract: Lack of genomic sequence data and the relatively high cost of tandem mass spectrometry have hampered proteomic investigations into helminths, such as resolving the mechanism underpinning globally reported anthelmintic resistance. Whilst detailed mechanisms of resistance remain unknown for the majority of drug-parasite interactions, gene mutations and changes in gene and protein expression are proposed key aspects of resistance. Comparative proteomic analysis of drug-resistant and -susceptible @entity2199 may reveal protein profiles reflecting drug-related phenotypes. Using the gastro-intestinal @entity2199 , @entity5167 as case study, we report the application of freely available expressed sequence tag (EST) datasets to support proteomic studies in unsequenced @entity2199 . EST datasets were translated to theoretical protein sequences to generate a searchable database. In conjunction with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF- @entity15 ), @entity33667 ( @entity33667 ) searching of databases enabled a cost-effective protein identification strategy. The effectiveness of this approach was verified in comparison with @entity15 / @entity15 de novo sequencing with searching of the same EST protein database and subsequent searches of the NCBInr protein database using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to provide protein annotation. Of 100 proteins from 2-DE gel spots, 62 were identified by MALDI-TOF- @entity15 and @entity33667 searching of the EST database. Twenty randomly selected spots were analysed by electrospray @entity15 / @entity15 and MASCOT Ion Searches of the same database. The resulting sequences were subjected to BLAST searches of the NCBI protein database to provide annotation of the proteins and confirm concordance in protein identity from both approaches. Further confirmation of protein identifications from the @entity15 / @entity15 data were obtained by de novo sequencing of peptides, followed by FASTS algorithm searches of the EST putative protein database. This study demonstrates the cost-effective use of available EST databases and inexpensive, accessible MALDI-TOF @entity15 in conjunction with @entity33667 for reliable protein identification in unsequenced organisms.

title: Proteomic profiling and protein identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in unsequenced parasitic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity33667 :: ('MESH:C565010', 'Disease') :: ['Peptide Mass Fingerprint', 'PMF']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes']

entities_list: @entity5167 :: ('6289', 'Species') :: ['Haemonchus contortus']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematodes']


abstract: The long term results of medical and surgical treatments have been reviewed in 70 cases examined during the last 8 years. In 24 of them, @entity3555 developed after valvular replacement. Antibiotic treatment was administered during at least 6 weeks. Determinations of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic and of the bactericidal power of the serum were considered as the most important laboratory controls. In the post-operative cases with prosthetic valves, numerous pathogenic organisms were found, including gram (minus) bacilli and monilia, which may partly account for the high mortality in this group. Despite surgical reinterventions, 20 of the 24 @entity1 died. For the gram (+) cocci, prognosis is however statistically worse (at the 99% confidence limit) when prosthetic valves are present. Out of the 46 @entity1 without prosthetic valves, 31 (68%) had a favourable bacteriological and haemodynamic evolution; in this group, gram (minus) bacilli and monilia were never found to be the pathogenic organisms. For streptococci infections, recovery was obtained in 73% of the cases (24 out of 33). Percentages of long term recovery are very similar in mitral (67%) and aortic (69%) valvular involvment, but the frequency of surgical indication was very different in either group. In cases of @entity340 , valvular replacement was indicated for bacteriological or haemodynamic reasons in 19 of the 20 @entity1 who recovered. Amongst the 9 @entity1 who died, 6 were not operated upon. Valvular replacement is by far less frequently necessary in cases of @entity3555 on the mitral valve : one prosthetic valve amongst 8 @entity1 who recovered. Finally, the authors discuss the place of surgery in the treatment of @entity3555 . According to their experience, recent improvement in the prognosis of the disease seems to depend more on the surgical approach of the problem than on the discovery of new antibiotics.

title: [Prognosis and treatment of XXXX . Review of 70 cases].

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

answer: @entity3555 :: (MESH:D004697,Disease) :: ['bacterial endocarditis']


abstract: One hundred sixty-one cases of @entity1963 have been operated on by us between 1966 and 1988. Of these, 19 were @entity1963 . Of eleven that underwent surgery before 1982, five are still alive. The eight that were operated on after 1982 have a good evolution. This report is a retrospective study of the clinical evolution in ten of the thirteen survivors. The ages are comprised between 21 and 2 1/2 years. We have reviewed their general condition, weight, height, tolerance to oral intake, stool frequency, general laboratory determinations, circulating @entity68 , @entity69 , @entity69 saturation, absorption of @entity2186 and @entity1501 , @entity3884 test and stool examination. Except for one case, the others are in a perfect nutritional and growth condition. DUHAMEL's technique was employed in eight cases and REHBEIN's technique, in two. Given our good results, we think that LESTER-MARTIN's technique is unnecessary, except for that cases with extensive small bowel involvement due to the serious problems of absorption that this represents.

title: [Follow-up and evolution of 10 cases operated on for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["HIRSCHSPRUNG's disease", 'total colonic aganglionosis']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['total colonic aganglionosis']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Progress in the treatment of @entity788 has been minimal; it remains the only major @entity5 type with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. OBJECTIVE: To explore why a large proportion of advanced @entity788 clinical trials executed over the past 25 years have had negative results and to identify benchmarks that could have predicted success. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Phase 3 studies of @entity1 with advanced @entity788 were identified by searching clinicaltrials.gov and the scientific literature. FINDINGS: Thirty-two phase 3 studies in 13   675 chemotherapy-naive @entity1 resulted in 3 agents or combinations being considered clinically meaningful. Nineteen agents or combinations (70%) were tested in phase 2 trials preceding the phase 3 trial. In cases with paired phase 2 and 3 results, meeting the primary end point of the phase 2 trial predicted the outcome of the phase 3 trial 76% of the time but proceeded despite phase 2 negative results in 10 cases. We applied criteria for a clinically meaningful result identified by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Cancer Research Committee to these historical cases. Overall, progression-free and 1-year survival of experimental arms was compared with time period-controlled median values of control arms to normalize for the observed increase in response to @entity136 over time. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Applying the benchmark of a 50% improvement in overall survival as the primary end point to phase 2 data, or secondary end points of a 90% increase in 1-year survival or an 80% to 100% increase in progression-free survival, showed the greatest ability to predict a clinically meaningful phase 3 trial. Had these criteria been applied to these trials over the past 25 years, more than 11   571 @entity1 enrolled in phase 3 trials that did not meet the primary end point could theoretically have been diverted to earlier-stage trials in an attempt to more rapidly advance the field.

title: Evaluation of XXXX Clinical Trials and Benchmarks for Clinically Meaningful Future Trials: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: Double-stem silicone implants have been used to reconstruct destroyed hallux @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ) for many years. When smaller implants became available, they were used to reconstruct the lateral four @entity2720 . An arthroplasty of all @entity2720 was performed using these implants in 44 @entity1 (72 feet) with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The mean age of @entity1 was 46 years (range, 21 to 66) and 84% were female. Previous surgery had been performed on 28% of the feet. All @entity1 were followed prospectively for an average of 67 months (range, 36 to 111). The @entity1 were evaluated clinically and radiographically; results were recorded on a standardized foot form that allowed computer analysis of the data. The results showed improvement in the hallux valgus angle from 41.6 degrees to 16.1 degrees postoperatively, with no loss of correction over time. Similarly, other @entity85 , such as @entity1411 and @entity853 , all improved both clinically and radiographically. The @entity158 , walking, and function scores all improved, with the greatest improvement being @entity158 relief. Radiographic analysis showed some evidence of @entity174 in seven hallux (9.7%) and nine lateral toe (3%) implants. Only three toes with implant @entity174 had some @entity158 at follow-up examination. Three other lateral toe implants were removed for @entity158 . There was no evidence of @entity281 or @entity1346 @entity603 . Other complications included superficial @entity281 , delayed wound @entity446 , and second surgery for heterotopic bone excision.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Double-stem silicone implant arthroplasty of all XXXX in @entity1 with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['lateral toe abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['MTPJ', 'metatarsophalangeal joints']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['forefoot deformities']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar callus']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['metatarsophalangeal joints']


abstract: On the basis of observations on dopaminergic neurons developing in gender-specific cultures of embryonic @entity35 mesencephalon, we have hypothesized that as yet unknown sexual dimorphisms might be found in projection areas of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore we searched for possible sex differences in the striatum during the period when massive ingrowth of mesencephalic afferents occurs and the striatal @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )ergic neurons differentiate. Male and female @entity35 of embryonic days (E) 16, 18, 20, and 21 were fixed by perfusion through the heart. Vibratome sections were cut from the striatal anlage and sequentially immunostained for @entity1246 by the immunogold- @entity575 technique and @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) by the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase method. Ultrathin sections were scanned for numbers of @entity1246 - and TH-immunoreactive (IR) elements. Densities of TH-IR axons as well as of @entity1246 -IR cell body profiles progressed with time. Contacts between TH-IR axons and @entity1246 -IR and immunonegative cells were observed as early as E-16, increasing in numbers toward later stages. Throughout prenatal development, female striata displayed higher densities of both TH-IR axon and @entity1246 -IR cell body profiles than male ones. This is the first report of a distinct anatomical sex difference regarding two major components of a key center of motor control. Prenatal sexual differentiation of the striatum may lead to a sexually dimorphic extrapyramidal circuitry, the existence of which, in the adult, is suggested by experimental and clinical data.

title: Sex differences in densities of dopaminergic fibers and GABAergic neurons in the prenatal XXXX striatum.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity905 , like other selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors, inhibits @entity1 's sexual desire and female @entity35 ' sexual behavior. @entity752 produces pro-sexual effects in @entity1 with and without @entity308 , and @entity3160 increases @entity1 's and male @entity35 ' sexual motivation, but their effects on female @entity35 ' proceptivity are unknown. AIM: To investigate the effects of @entity905 , @entity752 , and @entity3160 on proceptivity and receptivity in the naturally cycling female @entity35 . METHODS: We studied the effect of chronic (minimum 14 days) @entity905 (1.25   mg/kg, subcutaneous) and @entity752 (5   mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and acute @entity3160 (1   mg/kg, intraperitoneal) on sexual behavior of female @entity35 selected in natural proestrus during an ejaculatory series. We also analyzed the effects of these treatments on locomotor activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were frequencies of hops/darts and ear wiggling, @entity1515 quotient and intensity, and locomotor activity. RESULTS: @entity905 inhibited ear wiggling and hopping/darting, while @entity752 stimulated hopping/darting. These treatments did not modify the @entity1515 quotient and its intensity. @entity3160 did not change any aspect of female sexual behavior. At the doses and treatments used, @entity905 and @entity752 did not alter locomotor activity or disturb the length of the estrous cycle; however, @entity3160 inhibited locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS: The motivational components of female sexual behavior are more sensitive than the receptive components to the inhibitory actions of @entity905 . @entity752 selectively stimulated hopping/darting, while @entity3160 lacked an action on female sexual behavior.

title: The antidepressants XXXX and @entity752 differentially affect proceptive behavior in the naturally cycling female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['Bupropion', 'bupropion']

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: Understanding the biological activity of bacteriophage particles is essential for rational design of bacteriophages with defined pharmacokinetic parameters and to identify the mechanisms of immunobiological activities demonstrated for some bacteriophages. This work requires highly purified preparations of the individual phage structural proteins, possessing native conformation that is essential for their reactivity, and free of incompatible biologically active substances such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study we describe expression in @entity526 and purification of four proteins forming the surface of the @entity1519 head: gp23, gp24, gphoc and gpsoc. We optimized protein expression using a set of chaperones for effective production of soluble proteins in their native conformations. The assistance of chaperones was critical for production of soluble gp23 (chaperone gp31 of @entity1519 phage) and of gpsoc (chaperone TF of @entity526 ). Phage head proteins were purified in native conditions by affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. Two-step LPS removal allowed immunological purity grade with the average endotoxin activity less than 1 unit per ml of protein preparation. The secondary structure and stability of the proteins were studied using circular dichroism (CD) spectrometry, which confirmed that highly purified proteins preserve their native conformations. In increasing concentration of a denaturant ( @entity2097 ), protein stability was proved to increase as follows: gpsoc, gp23, gphoc. The denaturation profile of gp24 protein showed independent domain unfolding with the most stable larger domain. The native purified recombinant phage proteins obtained in this work were shown to be suitable for immunological experiments in vivo and in vitro.

title: Recombinant expression and purification of XXXX phage Hoc, Soc, gp23, gp24 proteins in native conformations with stability studies.

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity1519 :: (10665,Species) :: ['T4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a quick, minimally invasive procedure for evaluation of @entity0 . The Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade on histological sections is a well-established tool to guide selection of adjuvant systemic therapy. Grade evaluation is possible on cytology smears to avoid and minimize the morbidity associated with overtreatment of lower grade @entity5 . AIM: The aim was to test the hypothesis whether breast FNA from the peripheral portion of the lesion is representative of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade on histopathology as compared to FNA from the central portion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fine-needle aspirates and subsequent tissue specimens from 45 @entity1 with @entity513 (not otherwise specified) were studied. FNAs were performed under ultrasound guidance from the central as well as the peripheral third of the lesion for each case avoiding areas of @entity39 / @entity730 . The SBR grading was compared on @entity167 fixed aspirates and tissue sections for each case. RESULTS: Comparative analysis of SBR grade on aspirates from the peripheral portion and histopathology by the Pearson chi-square test (  (2) =78.00) showed that it was statistically significant (P<0.001) with 93% concordance. Lower mitotic score on aspirates from the peripheral portion was observed in only 4 out of 45 (9%) cases. The results of the Pearson chi-square test (  (2) = 75.824) with statistically significant (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: This prospective study shows that FNA smears from the peripheral portion of the lesion are representative of the grading performed on the corresponding histopathological sections. It is possible to score and grade by SBR system on FNA smears.

title: Comparative evaluation of the modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system on XXXX aspirates and histopathology.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: A large body of research has found robust associations between dimensions of temperament (e.g., @entity663 , extraversion) and the mood and @entity148 . However, mood-state distortion (i.e., the tendency for current mood state to bias ratings of temperament) likely confounds these associations, rendering their interpretation and validity unclear. This issue is of particular relevance to clinical populations who experience elevated levels of general distress. The current study used the "trait-state-occasion" latent variable model (D. A. Cole, N. C. Martin, _ J. H. Steiger, 2005) to separate the stable components of temperament from transient, situational influences such as current mood state. We examined the predictive power of the time-invariant components of temperament on the course of @entity308 and @entity913 in a large, treatment-seeking sample with mood and/or @entity148 (N = 826). @entity1 were assessed 3 times over the course of 1 year, using interview and self-report measures; most @entity1 received treatment during this time. Results indicated that both @entity663 /behavioral inhibition (N/BI) and behavioral activation/positive affect (BA/P) consisted largely of stable, time-invariant variance (57% to 78% of total variance). Furthermore, the time-invariant components of N/BI and BA/P were uniquely and incrementally predictive of change in @entity308 and @entity913 , adjusting for initial symptom levels. These results suggest that the removal of state variance bolsters the effect of temperament on psychopathology among clinically distressed individuals. Implications for temperament-psychopathology models, psychopathology assessment, and the stability of traits are discussed.

title: Stable "trait" variance of temperament as a predictor of the temporal course of XXXX and @entity913 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the responsiveness of the Cough and Sputum Assessment Questionnaire ( @entity13389 -Q) in @entity1030 and @entity3311 @entity1 recovering from an acute exacerbation. The 20-item questionnaire with a 7-day recall assesses the frequency and severity of cough and sputum and their impact on everyday life in clinical (trial) settings. The four domains (cough/sputum symptom and impact) use scales from 0 to 100, with lower scores indicating higher symptom/impact levels. METHODS: Outpatients were enrolled within 48h of symptom onset of their exacerbation. Treatment was initiated at the discretion of the investigator, and @entity1 observed for 6 weeks. During study visits, 59 eligible @entity1 completed the @entity13389 -Q at enrolment, week 1, 2 and 6. @entity6372 was assessed by calculating standardized effect sizes. RESULTS: Of the 19 male and 40 female @entity1 with a mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 61.1 (10.5) years, all were classified by their physician to have improved or recovered after six weeks. The mean (SD) @entity13389 -Q sores for the cough symptom, cough impact, sputum symptom and sputum impact domains increased from 32.6 (21.0), 40.7 (22.4), 37.4 (20.1), 47.1 (24.2) at enrolment to 54.0 (19.8), 63.7 (21.3), 55.1 (19.0), 65.5 (20.5) at week 6, respectively. Standardized effect sizes for @entity1 improved or recovered from their exacerbation at week 6 were above 1.0 for the cough domains and at least 0.77 for the sputum domains. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity13389 -Q was responsive to symptom changes in @entity1 recovering from an exacerbation.

title: XXXX of the cough and sputum assessment questionnaire in exacerbations of @entity1030 and @entity3311 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['Responsiveness']

answer: @entity6372 :: (MESH:C538007,Disease) :: ['Responsiveness']


abstract: We report a case of @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) at the craniocervical junction, which are supplied by the radicular arteries from bilateral vertebral arteries separately, and drainaged into intracranial sinuses. A 58-year-old @entity1 with intermittent neck @entity158 visited our hospital. T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed flow voids on the dorsal surface of the medulla and upper cervical cord without any signal changes suggesting @entity63 . Postcontrast MR digital subtraction angiography (MRDSA) showed early @entity1211 at the craniocervical junction. Angiography demonstrated bilateral @entity292 near each vertebral artery penetration point of the dura matter, which were drainaged into the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses. The @entity1 underwent suboccipital craniotomy and laminectomy of the C1, then disruption of the bilateral @entity292 was performed by using micro Doppler sonography after intradural exposure of the shunt points. His symptom subsided post operatively, and MRDSA showed no abnormal vessels. Angiography performed 1 week after surgery confirmed complete obliteration of the @entity292 . @entity2457 at the craniocervical junction fed by bilateral vertebral arteries is extremely rare. Even in such a case, direct interruption of the @entity292 using micro Doppler sonography is the most effective treatment. In addition. MRDSA could be useful for screening and perioperative studies.

title: [ XXXX at the craniocervical junction fed by bilateral vertebral arteries with intracranial drainage: a case report].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'DAVFs']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous filling']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['Dural arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: Seven Angus and six Brangus steers averaging 225 and 245 kg, respectively, were assigned randomly to @entity8936 (36 mg) implant (I) and no implant (NI) treatments. Steers had ad libitum access to a @entity4336 silage diet plus .68 kg of a @entity1460 meal-based supplement fed daily. Steers were bled via jugular catheters on d 0, 28, 56, and 84 at 15-min intervals for 4 h before and 4 h after feeding. Concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin (INS), @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 (T4), and @entity413 were determined. Whole-body protein and fat contents were monitored. A breed x I interaction (for d 56 to 84 and d 0 to 84) was observed for ADG (P less than .05 and P less than .07, respectively), feed conversion (P less than .05 and P less than .07, respectively), and @entity1131 (for d 0 to 29 and d 0 to 84; P less than .07 and P less than .05, respectively). These interactions were attributed to a greater response to I by Angus than by Brangus steers. A feeding x period interaction (P less than .10) was observed for mean GH concentration, and INS, T4, and T3 concentrations were higher (P less than .05) during the 4-h postfeeding period than during the 4-h prefeeding period. The implant increased (P less than .08) mean GH concentration but did not alter the frequency, duration, or amplitude of plasma GH peaks. Steers that were implanted had lower (P less than .05) plasma T3. Brangus steers had lower (P less than .05) plasma @entity413 , T3, and T4 concentrations than Angus steers. Results indicate that growth factors beyond those measured are responsible for the anabolic response to @entity8936 .

title: Influence of XXXX and breed on growth, composition of gain, and plasma hormone concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deposition']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity8936 :: (MESH:D015029,Chemical) :: ['zeranol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A considerable percentage of @entity1 with @entity162 do not respond or do not tolerate conventional treatment. Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors have been suggested to possess depressogenic and antimanic properties. METHODS: We report a case series of treatment-resistant bipolar @entity1 (n = 11) to whom we administered the ChE inhibitor @entity8124 . Four @entity1 met criteria for current @entity162 , 5 for mixed episode, 1 for hypomanic episode, and 1 for major @entity308 . @entity8124 was added to current medication on an openlabel basis. Ratings were based on a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Of the 11 @entity1 , 6 (54.5%) demonstrated marked improvement (improvement in CGI-S > or = 2), 3 (27.2%) demonstrated slight improvement, 1 did not respond, and 1 did not tolerate the medication. Among those @entity1 who had marked improvement (i.e., responders, n = 6), improvement was observed within 2 weeks or less in 5 of them (83%). @entity1 experienced only minor side effects. CONCLUSIONS: These pilot data suggest the efficacy and safety of @entity8124 in the treatment of @entity162 . To our knowledge this is the first published report on the use of @entity8124 in the treatment of @entity1316 . Controlled, randomized, double-blind studies are necessary to validate these preliminary observations.

title: XXXX in treatment-resistant @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'manic episode']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil', 'Donepezil']

answer: @entity8124 :: (MESH:C076946,Chemical) :: ['Donepezil']


abstract: To determine the effect of @entity1363 on @entity3652 - @entity4763 anesthesia, 20 guinea fowl ( @entity12784 galeata) were randomly divided into 2 groups. Birds in group KX were anesthetized with @entity3652 (15 mg/kg i.m.) and @entity4763 (2.5 mg/kg i.m.), whereas the birds anesthetized in group KXM received @entity1363 (0.3 mg/kg i.m.) in addition to the @entity3652 and @entity4763 protocol. The onset of anesthesia, duration of @entity1337 , duration of recumbency, and recovery time were determined. Heart and respiratory rates as well as cloacal temperatures were recorded immediately after drug administration and at 10-minute intervals until the birds were sternally recumbent. @entity1337 was assessed as a response to artery forceps applied to the digit and skin proximal to the tarsal joint. The mean (SD) duration of @entity1337 in the group KXM birds was 37.4 +/- 23.5 minutes, whereas no @entity1337 was apparent with the group KX birds. The duration of recumbency was significantly longer and respiratory rates were significantly lower in group KXM birds compared with those in group KX. Adverse effects were minimal and included @entity294 (n = 1) and @entity4164 (n = 2) in group KX birds, and regurgitation (n = 2) in group KXM birds. @entity1363 administered intramuscularly appeared to improve the anesthetic quality of @entity3652 and @entity4763 in guinea fowls without adversely affecting safety.

title: Effects of @entity1363 on @entity3652 - XXXX anesthesia in guinea fowl ( @entity12784 galeata).

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['hypersalivation']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity12784 :: ('8996', 'Species') :: ['Numida meleagris']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam', 'Midazolam']

answer: @entity4763 :: (MESH:D014991,Chemical) :: ['xylazine']


abstract: @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) potently inhibits cell proliferation and suppresses @entity5 growth both in vitro and vivo, but little is known regarding the cell cycle regulatory proteins mediating these effects. This study investigated the effects of @entity3090 and other @entity23382 on the cell cycle progression. DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that 30 microM of @entity3090 blocked cell cycle progression at G1 phase in asynchronous MCF-7 cells. In addition, cells exposed to 30 microM of @entity3090 remained in the G1 phase after release from aphidicolin block. Over a 24-h exposure to @entity3090 , the Rb protein changed from hyper- to hypophosphorylated form and G1 arrest developed. The protein expression of @entity4910 , and E reduced slightly under the same conditions. Immunocomplex kinase experiments showed that @entity3090 inhibited the activities of @entity15308 ( @entity15308 ) and 4 ( @entity8985 ) in a dose-dependent manner in the cell-free system. As the cells were exposed to @entity3090 (30 microM) over 24 h a gradual loss of both @entity15308 and @entity8985 kinase activities occurred. @entity3090 also induced the expression of the Cdk inhibitor @entity994 protein and this effect correlated with the increase in @entity876 levels. The level of @entity994 mRNA also increased under the same conditions. In addition, @entity3090 also increased the expression of the Cdk inhibitor @entity5438 protein within 6 h after @entity3090 treatment. These results suggest that @entity3090 either exerts its growth-inhibitory effects through modulation of the activities of several key G1 regulatory proteins such as @entity15308 and @entity8985 or mediates the induction of Cdk inhibitor @entity994 and @entity5438 .

title: Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 activities as well as induction of Cdk inhibitors XXXX and @entity5438 during growth arrest of human breast carcinoma cells by @entity3089 .

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['catechins']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity15308 :: ('1017', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase 2', 'Cdk2']

answer: @entity994 :: (1026,Gene) :: ['p21']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity226 of the limbs is rarely reported. It may be underestimated because it is usually asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to describe the distinctive features of this involvement. METHODS: Retrospective study of 50 @entity1 with @entity226 diagnosed from January 1985 to December 2007, satisfying the American college of rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria. All five @entity1 had typical lesion at examination of temporal artery biopsy. Among these @entity1 , those with @entity63 manifestations of the limbs were selected. All @entity1 disclosed elevated acute phase reactants and typical radiological findings. Temporal artery histopathology was made necessary to select @entity1 . RESULTS: Five female (mean age: 66.8 years) out of 50 @entity1 (10%) with @entity226 presented with symptomatic limb @entity4065 . Limb @entity3468 was the presenting feature in four @entity1 . Clinical presentation was similar to other @entity32 . One @entity1 presented with involvement of her four limbs. Typical @entity854 were presents in all @entity1 (occlusion or moniliform @entity850 without @entity75 ). Despite therapy with corticosteroids associated to anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs, four amputations were necessary. CONCLUSION: Specific limb involvement may be the presenting feature of @entity226 . It can mimic @entity455 , particularly prevalent in this age group.

title: [Limb XXXX in @entity226 : five cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory arteritis']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis', 'Giant cell arteritis', 'temporal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['arteriographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3468 :: (MESH:D001167,Disease) :: ['arteritis']


abstract: @entity308 @entity1 and suicidal @entity1 are common Emergency Department patrons with the potential for serious morbidity or @entity204 . @entity1316 , vegetative symptoms, and negative perceptions of oneself, the environment, and the future are characteristic of @entity308 . Often, the @entity1 is unaware of the @entity308 and presents with a variety of somatic complaints, chronic @entity1295 , or @entity158 syndromes. In these instances, the physician must consider the diagnosis of @entity308 and ask the @entity1 about any history of @entity308 . In all @entity308 @entity1 , a careful history and physical examination are needed to identify any drugs or concurrent medical illnesses which might cause or exacerbate the @entity308 . If @entity308 is suspected or if the @entity1 presents after a suicide attempt, then a thorough evaluation of suicide potential is mandatory. Several risk factors for completed suicide exist. Male sex, age under 19 or over 45, few social supports, and a history of previous suicide attempts are all factors associated with increased suicide rates. Concurrent chronic or severe medical illnesses and certain @entity146 illnesses, notably @entity308 , @entity161 , and @entity734 , also increase an individual's risk for suicide. The method of suicide attempt and the chance for rescue must also be considered when determining risk as well as the presence of an organized plan. Acute @entity716 in the suicidal @entity1 is an ominous finding and these @entity1 should be admitted to the hospital. The physician must adopt an empathetic and nonjudgmental attitude when caring for potentially suicidal @entity1 . Disposition can be determined after careful evaluation of risk factors, circumstances surrounding the attempt, and the @entity1 's current feelings. Consultation with a psychiatrist or another mental health professional is desirable for any potentially suicidal @entity1 . Many such @entity1 can be safely treated as outpatients with proper referral; certain high-risk individuals will need to be admitted to the hospital. The decision to either hospitalize or discharge can be difficult and the emergency physician should admit the @entity1 if doubt exists.

title: XXXX and suicide assessment.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphoric mood']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We retrospectively evaluated the use of echo-planar imaging for ultrafast detection of @entity75 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our retrospective study, 61 @entity1 were imaged with the following echo-planar sequences: single-shot proton density-weighted, single-shot T2-weighted, single-shot T2-weighted high-resolution, multishot proton density-weighted, and multishot T2-weighted. Lesions revealed in these @entity1 ranged from 0.5 to 12.0 cm (mean, 3.7 cm) and were the result of @entity5 (n = 16), @entity64 (n = 21), @entity17 (n = 18), and @entity3252 (n = 2). Four @entity1 had scans with normal findings. Two neuroradiologists who were unaware of pertinent clinical data reviewed the images. The images were retrospectively compared with conventional @entity7959 -echo images for diagnosis, sensitivity of lesion detection, and qualitative criteria: subjective image quality, gray and white matter differentiation, lesion conspicuity, delineation of lesion borders, and artifacts. (Artifacts included those caused by motion, susceptibility, pulsation, and ghosting.) Quantitative criteria, including signal-to-noise and signal difference-to-noise measurements, were also evaluated in 40 lesions. RESULTS: Sensitivity for lesion detection was 97% for single-shot echo-planar T2-weighted MR images and 100% for multishot echo-planar T2-weighted MR images. Single-shot echo-planar proton density-weighted MR images had the highest signal-to-noise ratio (91.2+/-19.3). Echo-planar T2-weighted MR images had the highest signal difference-to-noise (33.8+/-22.9). Echo-planar sequences were superior to @entity7959 -echo sequences regarding motion and pulsation artifacts. @entity7959 -echo sequences lacked susceptibility and ghosting artifacts, and were superior in lesion conspicuity and delineation of lesion borders. CONCLUSION: In this study, echo-planar sequences were as sensitive as conventional @entity7959 -echo imaging for the diagnostic assessment of lesions. Echo-planar sequences had a strikingly shorter acquisition time and substantially reduced motion and pulsation artifacts. Echo-planar sequences may be a useful diagnostic tool for use in claustrophobic and unstable @entity1 .

title: Echoplanar MR imaging for ultrafast detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain lesions']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Review and evaluation of diagnostic tests for the @entity699 based on reports published since 1978. DATA IDENTIFICATION: Studies published in the English literature from 1978 through 1989 were identified using Index Medicus and cross searching of bibliographies. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies of five or more @entity1 for general analysis and smaller studies and case reports when pertinent. To develop criteria for the @entity6192 ( @entity6192 ) stimulation test, only studies reporting individual @entity1 data were analyzed. RESULTS: No new test is clearly better than existing tests in establishing a definitive diagnosis. Among tests to determine cause, the @entity6192 stimulation test, by newly developed criteria, has a 91% sensitivity (95% CI, 85% to 95%) and a 95% specificity (CI, 82% to 99%), and the overnight high-dose @entity619 suppression test has an 89% sensitivity (CI, 80% to 94%) and a 100% specificity (CI, 84% to 100%) for the @entity4923 . Magnetic resonance imaging has greater sensitivity for detecting adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-producing pituitary @entity652 than computed tomography. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling can correctly identify a pituitary cause in 88% (CI, 79% to 94%) of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis is still best established by using 24-hour urine free @entity701 measurements or low-dose @entity619 suppression testing. The @entity6192 stimulation test is an outpatient alternative to determine cause, and the over-night high-dose @entity619 test may become the test of choice along with plasma ACTH measurements by radioimmunoassay in the initial evaluation of cause. Magnetic resonance imaging should be used to evaluate the @entity4923 sampling is most useful in problematic cases with uncertain cause.

title: The XXXX : an update on diagnostic tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4923 :: ('MESH:D047748', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary Cushing syndrome', 'pituitary Cushing syndrome, and inferior petrosal sinus']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing syndrome']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Gene') :: ['corticotropin-release hormone', 'CRH']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Natalizumab (Tysabri) is a monoclonal antibody that was recently approved for the treatment of @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ). Our primary objective was to analyse the efficacy of natalizumab on disability status and ambulation after switching @entity1 with @entity3780 from other disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). METHODS: A retrospective, observational study was carried out. All @entity1 (n=45) initiated natalizumab after experiencing at least 1 relapse in the previous year under interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) or @entity1638 (GA) treatments. The @entity1 also had at least 1 @entity2287 -enhancing (Gd+) lesion on their baseline brain MRI. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, and performance on the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test and on the Timed 100-Metre Walk Test were prospectively collected every 4 weeks during 44 weeks of natalizumab treatment. Brain MRI scans were performed after 20 and 44 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Sixty-two per cent of @entity1 showed no clinical and no radiological signs of disease activity, and 29% showed a rapid and confirmed EDSS improvement over 44 weeks of natalizumab therapy. @entity1 with improvement on the EDSS showed similar levels of baseline EDSS and active T1 lesions, but had a significantly higher number of relapses, and 92% of them had experienced relapse-mediated sustained EDSS worsening in the previous year. A clinically meaningful improvement in ambulation speed was observed in approximately 30% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that natalizumab silences disease activity and rapidly improves disability status and walking performance, possibly through delayed relapse recovery in @entity1 with @entity3780 who had shown a high level of disease activity under other DMTs.

title: Natalizumab induces a rapid improvement of disability status and ambulation after failure of previous therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity3780 :: (MESH:D020529,Disease) :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The paper refers to the recently published empirical data and systematic reviews on the impact of diets, foods, nutrients and bioactive substance exposures in pregnancy and in early infancy, on the development of @entity74 . The results of studies referring to a broad range on dietary factors are mostly conflicting. There are several limitations of these researches. Based on the existing information, it is not possible to establish the role of antioxidants and @entity560 supplementation in @entity66 development. There is no evidence of major effects of prenatal use of @entity1501 on @entity565 or @entity566 . The association of some nutritional interventions with less atopic sensitization seems rather speculative even if such an effect has not been found for some other foods. The findings indicate rather a balanced and diverse diet without restrictions than a special dietary protocol. Farming-related exposures may protect against the development of @entity74 in @entity1 . The hypothesis that the early introduction of complementary food, including the potentially allergenic foods, may reduce the risk of @entity5419 and @entity483 is currently tested. Long-chain @entity1474 and probiotics seem to be promising candidates for @entity566 prevention. But specific recommendations regarding pre- and postnatal supplementation strategies, dose, treatment duration etc., are still undetermined. Longitudinal intervention studies in cohorts of pregnant @entity1 or newborn @entity1 are needed to match the proper strategies in these issues.

title: Dietary strategies for primary prevention of XXXX - what do we know?

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disorders']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['atopic diseases']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 with complete, or nearly complete, @entity3885 due to duodenal @entity1066 , were treated conservatively with @entity1769 . The purpose of this therapeutic trial was to avoid emergency operations in these @entity1 and to enable a better radiological evaluation and clinical preparation before surgery. The treatment, in addition to the usual gastric decompression and fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy, was effective in 10 @entity1 (83.4 percent). In eight of these @entity1 the results of the trial was regarded as "very good". Six of them were operated upon electively later and two were not operated upon at all. In two @entity1 the results were regarded as "good". These @entity1 underwent early elective surgery. In the remaining two @entity1 (16.6 percent) the trial failed and semiurgent operation could not be avoided. As no side-effects are evident following the administration of @entity1769 and no harm is done by delaying surgery for three days, it is suggested that this therapeutic trial should be undertaken in every case of pyloric stenosis or obstruction. This may markedly reduce the need for emergency operation and prevent @entity260 which not uncommonly follow emergency surgery for pyloric stenosis.

title: The use of @entity1769 in acute XXXX . A clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pyloric obstruction']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['many postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['pyloric obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Altered @entity413 metabolism is the most common metabolic hallmark of @entity5 . The authors tested the hypothesis that @entity413 metabolism gene variations affect clinical outcome in @entity788 . METHODS: The authors retrospectively genotyped 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 5 @entity413 metabolism genes in 154 @entity1 with @entity66 and validated the findings in 552 @entity1 with different stages of @entity788 . Association between genotypes and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models with adjustment for clinical predictors. RESULTS: @entity14224 ( @entity14224 ) @entity26255 and @entity26256 ( @entity26256 ) @entity26257 homozygous variants were significantly associated with reduced @entity1349 in the training set of 154 @entity1 (P < .001). These associations were confirmed in the validation set of 552 @entity1 and in the combined dataset of all 706 @entity1 (P  <= .001). In addition, @entity26256 @entity26258 variant K allele was associated with a better survival in the validation set and the combined dataset (P  <= .001). When data were further analyzed by disease stage, @entity1160 - @entity16117 transaminase ( @entity26259 ) @entity26260 , @entity26256 @entity26257 and @entity26258 in @entity1 with @entity66 and @entity14224 @entity26255 in @entity1 with advanced disease were significant independent predictors for @entity1349 (P  <= .001). Haplotype CGG of GPI and GCTATGG of @entity26256 were associated with better @entity1349 , respectively, with P values of .004 and .007. CONCLUSIONS: The authors demonstrated that @entity413 metabolism gene polymorphisms affect clinical outcome in @entity788 . These observations support a role of abnormal @entity413 metabolism in pancreatic @entity105 .

title: XXXX metabolism gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity16117 :: ('MESH:C027618', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose-6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: To (a) evaluate the response of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) to chemoembolization after initial nonresponse, as determined with European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria and modified Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (mRECIST), and (b) compare posttreatment survival of initial nonresponders versus that of initial responders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, which was compliant with HIPAA. A total of 116 consecutive @entity1 (96 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 ; mean age, 63 years) with unresectable @entity157 who underwent at least two chemoembolization procedures were included. The chemoembolization mixture consisted of 100 mg of @entity900 , 50 mg of @entity632 , and 10 mg of @entity1138 mixed 1:1 with iodized oil. @entity5 response at magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated after each chemoembolization procedure according to EASL criteria and mRECIST. The survival rate in each subgroup was calculated and correlated with response. The Wilcoxon test was used to test group comparability. Kaplan-Meier estimators were used to generate survival curves and compared by using the log-rank test. RESULTS: No response to initial chemoembolization was seen in 43% and 50% of @entity1 according to EASL criteria and mRECIST, respectively. After a second chemoembolization procedure, 44% (EASL) and 47% (mRECIST) of initial nonresponders showed a significant response. With EASL criteria, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates (  standard error of the mean) after two chemoembolization procedures were 39%  10, 14%  7, and 0%, respectively, for nonresponders and 68%  10, 50%  11, and 37%  11 for responders (P=.036, P=.006, and P<.005 at 1, 2, and 3 years). With mRECIST, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates after two chemoembolization procedures were 49%  9, 20%  8, and 7%  6 for nonresponders and 67%  9, 44%  10, and 36%  9 for responders (P=.174, P=.046, and P=.011 at 1, 2, and 3 years). CONCLUSION: @entity1 who underwent chemoembolization for @entity157 showed a response (with both EASL criteria and mRECIST) and improved survival after the second chemoembolization treatment. At least two chemoembolization procedures should be performed in the same targeted lesions before further treatment is abandoned.

title: Lack of response after initial XXXX : does it predict failure of subsequent treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials of intravenous thrombolysis shows no statistically significant benefit beyond 4.5 hours, with the possible advantage perhaps offset by risk. OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of @entity1 who were treated within 4.5 to 6 hours or within 3 to 4.5 hours of the onset of an @entity385 with the outcomes of @entity1 who were treated within 3 hours in the SITS-ISTR. DESIGN: An observational study based on SITS-ISTR data during the period from 2002 to 2011. SETTING: Acute and emergency care. @entity1 : Of 29   618 @entity1 with acute @entity385 , 283 (1.0%) were treated within 4.5 to 6 hours of onset, 4056 (13.7%) were within 3 to 4.5 hours of onset, and 25   279 (85.4%) were treated within 3 hours of onset, in compliance with other European Union approval criteria. EXPOSURE: Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2) and mortality at 3 months and @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). P values are based on comparisons between @entity1 treated within 4.5 to 6 hours or within 3 to 4.5 hours of onset against @entity1 treated within 3 hours of onset. RESULTS: Results are presented as within 4.5 to 6 hour vs within 3 to 4.5 hours vs within 3 hours. Median time from @entity64 onset to treatment was 295 vs 210 minutes vs 138 minutes (P   <   .01), median age was 65 vs 67 vs 68 years (P   <   .01), and median baseline National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score was 9 vs 9 vs 12 (P   <   .01). Rate of functional independence was 61.3% (P   =   .40) vs 62.7% (P   <   .01) vs 58.4%; mortality rate was 11.8% (P   =   .99) vs 11.1% (P   =   .21) vs 11.8%; and rate of @entity1779 was 2.6% (P   =   .17) vs 1.8% (P   =   .27) vs 1.5%. Multivariate analysis detected no significant difference in @entity1779 (P   >   .05), mortality (P   >   .05), or independence (P   >   .05). Time from @entity64 onset to treatment as a continuous variable was significantly associated with higher rates of @entity1779 and poor 3-month outcome after adjustment for age and National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The treatment remains safe and effective for @entity1 treated within 3 to 4.5 hours compared with @entity1 treated within 3 hours. Our selected group of @entity1 treated within 4.5 to 6 hours of @entity64 onset did not have worse outcomes than @entity1 treated within 3 hours. An inevitable limitation of our observational study is the possible nonequivalence of the cohorts, particularly the 4.5- to 6-hour cohort relative to the other 2 cohorts.

title: Results of intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 to 6 hours and updated results within 3 to 4.5 hours of onset of acute @entity385 recorded in the Safe Implementation of Treatment in XXXX International @entity64 Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR): an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage', 'SICH']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']