abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigates analgesic and nociceptive effects of adding @entity6948 to @entity1341 neuraxial anesthesia through Tail-flick (TF) and @entity11170 ( @entity11170 ) tests and the pathohistological changes on spinal nerves and nerve roots through light microscopy. METHODS: Forty anesthetized, male @entity35 were intrathecally catheterized. Basal values of TF and @entity11170 tests were measured before and after catheterization. Thirty-six successfully catheterized @entity35 were assigned to four groups. Group B received 10  g @entity1341 , Group BD3 received 10  g @entity1341 + 3  g @entity6948 , Group BD10 received 10  g @entity1341 + 10  g @entity6948 and Control group received 10  L volume of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. TF and @entity11170 tests were performed between the 5(th) and 300(th) minutes of drug administration. Twenty-four hours after administration of drugs, @entity35 were sacrificed and spinal cord and nerve roots were removed for pathological investigation. RESULTS: Baseline values of the TF and @entity11170 tests were not statistically different among the groups (6.8  0.15s). TF and @entity11170 latencies in the Control group did not change significantly during the study. TF and @entity11170 test results showed that adding 3 and 10  g @entity6948 caused a dose-dependent increase in duration and amplitude of analgesic and nociceptive effect of @entity1341 (TF: 37.52  1.08%, 57.86  1.16% respectively, @entity11170 : 44.24  1.15%, 68.43  1.24% respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There were no apparent pathohistological changes at least 24 hours after the intrathecal administration of a single dose of @entity6948 3  g and 10  g. @entity6948 added to @entity1341 for @entity616 improves analgesia and prolongs block duration.

title: Anti-nociceptive, analgesic and pathohistological effects of intrathecal @entity6948 and XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['spinal block']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: To investigate the relationship between petrochemical air pollution and female @entity2 , we conducted a matched case-control study among @entity1 who had died in Taiwan from 1990 through 1994. Data about all eligible female @entity2 deaths were obtained from the Bureau of Vital Statistics of the Taiwan Provincial Department of Health. The control group included @entity1 who died from nonneoplasms and diseases that were not associated with respiratory problems. We pair-matched the controls to the cases by sex, year of birth, and year of @entity204 . Each matched control was selected randomly from the set of possible controls for each case. We used the proportion of a municipality's total population employed in the petrochemical manufacturing industry as an indicator of a resident's exposure to air emissions from the petrochemical manufacturing industry. The subjects were divided into tertiles according to the above indicator. @entity1 who lived in the 2 groups of municipalities characterized by higher levels of petrochemical pollution had a statistically significant higher risk of developing @entity2 than the group that lived in municipalities with the lowest petrochemical air pollution levels (after controlling for possible confounders). The linear trend was also statistically significant (p < .05). The results of this study shed important light on the relationship between the Taiwan petrochemical industry and the resulting risk to @entity1 health.

title: XXXX and petrochemical air pollution in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Female lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is one of the most problematic complications to arise from @entity5275 ( @entity5275 ). This study was conducted to assess whether micro- and macroalbuminuria could be associated with @entity548 after @entity5275 in @entity1 with acute @entity64 , and to investigate whether the value of urinary albumin-to- @entity1011 ratios would correlate with the degree of @entity548 . METHODS: This was a retrospective study of @entity64 @entity1 who had undergone @entity5275 within 3 h of symptom onset. @entity633 assessment was based on random morning spot urine collection with @entity1 in a fasting state, the first morning after @entity5275 . Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate whether the presence of micro- and macroalbuminuria might be independent predictors of @entity548 . RESULTS: One-hundred and fifty-four @entity1 were included in the study. Fifty-one @entity1 had @entity548 . The presence of micro- or macroalbuminuria was associated with @entity548 after adjustment for variables with clinical significance (adjusting for age, @entity955 , platelet counts, baseline National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score, @entity101 and @entity6 ; odds ratio, 2.542; 95% confidence interval, 1.106-5.841; P = 0.028). There were significant relationships between the presence of micro- and macroalbuminuria and types of @entity548 . CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the presence of micro- and macroalbuminuria after @entity5275 could be a predictor of severe @entity548 in @entity1 with acute @entity64 .

title: Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation in acute @entity64 by micro- and macroalbuminuria after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'Hemorrhagic transformation']

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['IVT', 'intravenous thrombolysis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5275 :: (MESH:D015819,Disease) :: ['intravenous thrombolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is an emerging non-surgical intervention used for the treatment of tendon and ligament pathology. Despite the growing popularity of PRP in musculoskeletal medicine, there is a paucity of research that describes appropriate rehabilitation procedures following this intervention. CASE DESCRIPTION: This case report presents the rehabilitation strategy used following a PRP injection for a @entity1 with a partially torn distal @entity427 tendon who previously failed physical therapy interventions. OUTCOME: The @entity1 returned to light weight training and @entity15285 activity after completing 15 visits over a 3 month period. One month after discharge, the @entity1 reported @entity158 -free activities of daily living and a return to previously performed gym activities. DISCUSSION: PRP presents a viable treatment option for individuals who are recalcitrant to conservative interventions yet elect to avoid more invasive surgical measures. Despite the growing popularity of PRP, a paucity of evidence exists to guide physical therapists in the rehabilitation process of these @entity1 . The rehabilitation strategies used in a @entity1 who had a PRP injection for a partial @entity427 tendon tear are outlined. Although this case report highlights a successful rehabilitation outcome, future research regarding the concomitant effects of PRP injection and rehabilitation for tendon pathology are needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4-Case Report.

title: Rehabilitation of a partially torn distal XXXX tendon after platelet rich plasma injection: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['triceps']


abstract: Sensitivity tests were administered to determine the effectiveness of several antibiotics in the management of the @entity1697 . Cultures were taken from 13 @entity1 who were diagnosed as having either a periodontal or periapical @entity733 . Results revealed the following 1. The most effective antibiotic was @entity2755 . Yet it was felt that its medical contraindications far outweigh its use by the dental practitioner. 2. @entity803 was the least effective antibiotic. 3. @entity114 , because of its high potency against microorganisms of the @entity733 , should be considered the drug of choice. Its use, however, must be restricted to @entity1 who give a negative history to @entity566 and/or @entity565 ; when such a history is positive, @entity2929 should be used. 4. Appropriate culture and sensitivity tests should be performed to determine the susceptibility of the causative organism(s) to the drug of choice.

title: Antibiotics and the intraoral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral abscess']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloromycetin']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['dental abscess', 'abscess']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetracycline']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['abscess']


abstract: Respiratory muscle function was assessed in six @entity1 with the @entity7235 . Five had histologically proved small cell @entity2 ; the sixth later developed @entity3 from an unknown primary site. Two @entity1 had @entity177 , one without respiratory symptoms; another, who had @entity2415 , had dyspnoea and orthopnoea. The remaining three @entity1 had no respiratory symptoms. Four @entity1 had limb @entity425 as judged by the maximal voluntary contraction of the quadriceps muscle (range for all subjects 32-100% predicted). Transdiaphragmatic pressure ( @entity13091 ) was measured during a maximal unoccluded sniff ( @entity13091 : sniff), a maximal sustained inspiratory effort against a closed airway ( @entity13091 : Pimax), and phrenic nerve stimulation ( @entity13091 : twitch). Mild to moderate @entity425 was present in all six @entity1 in proportion to the degree of @entity425 ( @entity13091 : sniff 30-64% predicted; r = 0.6; @entity13091 :Pimax 6-69% predicted, r = 0.8); this was associated with very low or absent @entity13091 :twitch during phrenic nerve stimulation. Four @entity1 had weakness of the expiratory muscles. Improvement in muscle strength was documented in two @entity1 after @entity5 chemotherapy and specific treatment with @entity5129 and @entity617 ; one @entity1 was still alive five years from first diagnosis. It is concluded that the respiratory muscles may be implicated in this condition more often than has previously been recognised. As the lack of mobility may cause respiratory symptoms to be minimised, the presence of @entity425 may remain undiagnosed unless formal measurement of respiratory muscle function is made.

title: Respiratory @entity425 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['leg weakness', 'diaphragmatic weakness', 'muscle weakness', 'respiratory muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity7235 :: ('MESH:D015624', 'Disease') :: ['Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5129 :: ('MESH:C016361', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-diaminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity7235 :: (MESH:D015624,Disease) :: ['Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome']


abstract: We aimed to visualize and quantify the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across the aqueduct of Sylvius in @entity1 with communicating @entity1276 using phase contrast MRI, and to evaluate the effect of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery on flow. We investigated aqueductal CSF flow using cine cardiac-gated phase contrast MRI in 10 normal volunteers and 10 @entity1 with communicating @entity1276 (who underwent VP shunt surgery). For qualitative evaluation, we used an in-plane phase contrast sequence in the midsagittal plane. Quantitative through-plane measurements were performed in the axial plane perpendicular to the aqueduct. The aqueduct area ranged from 0.02 cm(2) to 0.27 cm(2) in the shunt group; and from 0.01 cm(2) to 0.04 cm(2) in the control group (p<0.05). @entity64 (mean, standard deviation SD) ranged from 1.9 microL to 33.17 microL (17.41 microL, 10.1132) in the control group; and from 5.63 microL to 256 microL (87.20 microL, 79.0383) in the study group. Post-operatively the aqueductal @entity64 volume reduced significantly, ranging from 0.60 microL to 48.77 microL (13.19 microL, 18.08) (p<0.05). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) values in the @entity1 before shunt surgery ranged from -1.05 cm/s to -8.10 cm/s (-4.39cm/s, 2.7619) and @entity15071 ( @entity15071 ) ranged from 0.62 cm/s to 5.16 cm/s (3.33 cm/s, 1.4451). Post- shunt; PSV values ranged from -0.37 cm/s to -3.90 cm/s (1.78 cm/s, 1.5143) and @entity15071 range was 0.32 cm/s to 4.43 cm/s (1.78 cm/s, 1.6782). The post-operative reduction in velocity was significant (p<0.05). Thus, the aqueductal CSF flow after VP shunt was similar to flow in healthy volunteers.

title: Shunt surgery effects on cerebrospinal fluid flow across the aqueduct of Sylvius in XXXX with communicating @entity1276 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15071 :: ('MESH:C563897', 'Disease') :: ['PDV', 'peak diastolic velocities']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Aqueductal stroke volume', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Information about the structural and functional characteristics of the motor unit (MU) is highly relevant for the diagnosis of @entity4094 . Electromyography (EMG) is a suitable method for obtaining the information needed. The problem is the separation of the activity of one MU from others which are simultaneously active. Such investigations of single MU activity have commonly used invasive methods, e.g. employing a needle or a wire. Conventional surface-EMG methods have limited resolution and detect, at high contraction levels, multiple MU superimposed one on the other. The separation of the activity of a single MU can be achieved in a non-invasive way when highly specialised acquisition techniques are used. One approach, called high spatial resolution EMG (HSR-EMG), is based on the use of multi-electrode arrays in combination with a two-dimensional Laplace filter. The HSR-EMG permits the completely non-invasive detection of single MU activity even during maximal @entity2472 . First applications have shown that the method provides a deeper insight into the functional and structural characteristics of the MU. In this paper the application of HSR-EMG to the diagnosis of @entity4094 will be presented, and the latest results will be given of its application in the evaluation of treatment of @entity1 with @entity75 .

title: Non-invasive approach of motor unit recording during muscle contractions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['plexus lesion']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contractions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity397 of the thoracic aorta is a life-threatening event. Open surgical repair is the 'gold standard', but is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Endovascular repair is emerging as a potentially safer alternative. METHODS: A systematic review was performed of all published literature on this subject, including the authors' own experience. Using Sumsearch, PubMed and cross-references, all published reports up to January 2006 were identified, and analysed for injuries, perioperative morbidity, mortality, operating time, hospital stay and follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 284 @entity1 were identified. Reported mortality rates range from 0 to 6 per cent. The procedure-related mortality rate is about 1.5 per cent. Some 6.7 per cent of all procedures were complicated by endoleak and the overall procedure-related morbidity rate was 14.4 per cent. These results are promising compared with those of open repair, but individual experience is limited and there may be some publication bias. CONCLUSION: Endovascular repair of @entity397 of the thoracic aorta seems to reduce morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1230 . Ideally, both devices and experienced personnel should be available in @entity130 centres.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX of the thoracic aorta.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic rupture', 'traumatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['traumatic rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine treatment-specific changes in health-related quality of life (QOL) among @entity1 with @entity161 and to assess the association between clinical and QOL improvement. METHOD: This post hoc analysis used the findings of a 28-week, randomized, multicenter trial of @entity1 with @entity161 (DSM-IV) treated with @entity1037 (10-20 mg/day) or @entity1280 (80-160 mg/day). Data were collected from August 2001 to December 2002. Efficacy was measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Quality of life was assessed with the generic health self-administered Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) and the disease-specific expert-administered Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale (QLS). Mixed-effects-repeated-measures and last-observation-carried-forward approaches were used to assess the effects of treatment on QOL and the association of clinical outcomes to QOL outcomes. RESULTS: @entity1037 - and @entity1280 -treated @entity1 demonstrated similar improvement from baseline to endpoint on the SF-36 and QLS. All correlations between changes in PANSS scores and the SF-36 were significant (p < .001), ranging from -0.159 to -0.400. All correlations between changes in PANSS scores and the QLS were significant (p < .0001), ranging from -0.286 to -0.603. The correlations between the 2 QOL measures were generally significant but small to moderate in magnitude. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that, in @entity1 with @entity161 , @entity1037 and @entity1280 treatment are associated with significant QOL and clinical improvements. Further, the significant correlation between change scores on the PANSS and QOL measures suggests that treatment-related clinical improvements are associated with improved health-related and disease-specific QOL. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: ClinicalStudyResults.org identifier 2347.

title: The relationship between quality of life and clinical efficacy from a randomized trial comparing @entity1037 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1280 :: (MESH:C092292,Chemical) :: ['ziprasidone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of stents has improved results after balloon coronary angioplasty. Several materials have been proposed for covering the metallic surface of the stent to reduce the rate of subacute @entity715 and @entity256 . In our institution, an autologous arterial graft was used for covering the external surface of a conventional stent. The angiographic and histological response in a porcine coronary artery model was investigated. METHODS: An autologous arterial graft was removed from the femoral artery and carefully prepared. Subsequently, a conventional stent was covered externally by the arterial graft. Twenty-two covered stents and 22 uncovered regular stents were implanted alternatively in the coronary arteries of 22 @entity1707 . One animal died immediately after the procedure, due to @entity715 formation in the uncovered stent. Six animals were sacrificed at seven days and the remaining animals were sacrificed at two months. Before the sacrifice, coronary angiography was performed in all animals. RESULTS: @entity715 was detected in two control segments and in one covered stented segment. After seven days, the luminal surface of the covered stents was covered by a new endothelial layer in contrast to partial endothelial cell appearance in the control group. The angiographic parameters were similar between the two groups. Histologically, the covered stents were associated with less @entity1317 compared to uncovered stents. In covered stents a trend towards reduction of maximal intimal @entity1373 was detected (covered: 116.6 +/- 47.75 vs uncovered: 150.25 +/- 46.81 microns, p = 0.08); also the thickness of the arterial media was reduced (covered: 21.34 +/- 10.28 vs uncovered: 102.63 +/- 18.71 microns, p = 0.02). The luminal and vessel areas were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation and implantation of the autologous arterial graft-covered stent is technically safe and feasible. This type of covered stent results in accelerated endothelialization, less @entity1317 , thinning of the arterial media and a trend to reduce the intimal @entity1373 in normal coronary arteries.

title: Stents covered by an autologous arterial graft in porcine coronary arteries: feasibility, @entity1317 and effect on neointimal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: This multicenter, open-label, phase I/II dose escalation study assessed the safety/tolerability and initial efficacy of @entity4447 / @entity1749 / @entity620 (ABC) combination therapy in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory multiple @entity1582 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Enrolled in six cohorts, @entity1 were given @entity4447 (0.125 or 0.250 mg/kg), @entity1749 (0.7, 1.0, or 1.3 mg/m(2)), and a fixed dose of @entity620 (1 g) i.v. on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle for a maximum of eight cycles. The primary end point was safety/tolerability of the ABC regimen. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (median age, 63 years) were enrolled, having failed a median of 4 (range, 3-9) prior therapies. One occurrence of grade 4 @entity882 was observed. One @entity1 had asymptomatic @entity943 and withdrew from the study. Objective responses were observed in 6 (27%) @entity1 , including two partial responses and four minor responses. Median progression-free survival was 5 months (95% confidence interval, 2-9 months), and median overall survival had not been reached. The 12-month progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 34% and 74%, respectively. One (minor response) of six @entity1 receiving the lowest dose of @entity1749 (0.7 mg/m(2)) and 5 (2 partial responses and 3 minor responses) of 16 @entity1 receiving the higher doses (1.0 or 1.3 mg/m(2)) responded. CONCLUSIONS: The ABC regimen was well tolerated by most @entity1 , and it produced preliminary signs of efficacy with an objective response rate of 27% in this heavily pretreated study population. These findings warrant further clinical evaluation of the ABC combination for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple @entity1582 .

title: A phase I/II study of XXXX / @entity1749 / @entity620 combination therapy for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['arsenic trioxide']


abstract: Sustained stimulation of receptors for excitatory @entity1522 leads to both activation of the @entity460 -dependent @entity462 protease @entity196 and to the death of receptive neurons. Here, we have examined the relationship between the @entity196 activation and @entity179 . Calpain I activation was manifested as increased levels of the major proteolytic fragments of the calpain substrate spectrin, detected and quantified by immunoblotting. Intraventricular administration of the excitatory @entity1522 @entity4176 or @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) produced @entity196 -mediated spectrin degradation and hippocampal @entity528 . The @entity143 antagonist @entity8547 selectively blocked @entity143 - but not @entity4176 -induced protease activation and @entity131 . Temporally, spectrin degradation preceded the onset of @entity528 monitored by @entity575 -impregnation histochemistry. Only those doses of @entity4176 (0.15-1 microgram) or @entity143 (40-80 micrograms) sufficient to cause @entity131 markedly increased spectrin breakdown. Both the @entity528 and @entity196 activation induced by @entity4176 occurred primarily in area @entity1400 . @entity528 evoked by @entity3812 was not accompanied by calpain activation, indicating that proteolysis is not stimulated simply as a secondary response to neuronal destruction. Thus, a close correspondence exists between excitatory @entity535 induction of @entity528 and of @entity196 -mediated spectrin degradation. The results suggest that @entity196 may be an intracellular mediator of excitatory @entity535 action, and further, they support the hypothesis that @entity460 influx and @entity196 activation are obligatory events in the initiation of excitatory @entity535 @entity2359 .

title: Calpain I activation is specifically related to excitatory XXXX induction of @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal damage']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['calpain I']

entities_list: @entity8547 :: ('MESH:C050592', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal degeneration', 'neuronal loss', 'Degeneration of hippocampal neurons', 'pyramidal cell degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity2794 is not always optimal. @entity1 are treated in multiple ways, and the lack of scientific arguments for referral and the insufficient implementation of guidelines result in unclear treatment strategies. The coexistence of @entity10 and @entity4048 can lead to the referral to a musculoskeletal physiotherapist. This treatment can only be successful if an underlying @entity4148 is present. In such cases a physical treatment can be a valuable option that should be considered. The aim of this study is to identify prognostic therapeutic @entity1 characteristics and to increase the number of correct physiotherapy referrals. METHODS/DESIGN: This trial is designed to identify @entity1 characteristics which can influence the prognosis of the @entity1 . @entity1 with recurrent @entity10 and co-existent @entity4048 are recruited via a multicenter setup. After screening for eligibility, subjects are tested at baseline and randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups. Testing includes the administering of questionnaires (a @entity10 Diagnosis Questionnaire, @entity10 Inventory List and the @entity10 Impact Test (HIT-6)) and physical tests (Thermal Stimuli, Manual Cervical Spine Examination and Pressure Algometry). Treatment groups are a usual care group (UC) administered by the General Practitioner (GP) and a usual care plus musculoskeletal physiotherapy treatment group (UCMT). UC is based on the Dutch GP Guideline for @entity10 . UCMT consists of the UC plus a combination of exercises and spinal cervical mobilisations. Follow-up measurements consist of the completion of the @entity10 Inventory List, the HIT-6 and scoring of the global perceived effect (GPE). The latter allowing the distinction between responders (positive effect) and non-responders (no effect or worse). Logistic regression analysis will be used to identify the specific @entity1 characteristics of the responders and the non-responders. The additional value of the musculoskeletal physiotherapy will be examined. Follow-up measurements up to 52 weeks are scheduled. DISCUSSION: This trial aims to identify prognostic @entity1 characteristics, in order to supply a useful diagnostic tool for all health care workers, dealing with @entity10 sufferers.

title: Management of @entity2794 : design of a randomised clinical trial screening for prognostic XXXX characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['cervical segmental dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['headache disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: A study was made of 40 @entity1 suffering from clinically and bacteriologically demonstrated @entity1729 which were all treated with @entity8912 as the only antibiotic. Studies were made of the sensitivity of the isolated organisms and control of the eradicated and selected organisms. Analytical controls were performed on all @entity1 before, during and after treatment. The average dose employed was 60 mg/kg/day, divided into four doses and administered parenterally. The duration of the treatment fluctuated between 6 and 11 days in 87% of the cases. A clinical and bacteriological evaluation was made of the results. The clinical response was satisfactory in 75% of the cases, partial in 7.5% and poor in 17.5%. The bacteriological evolution was satisfactory in 62.5%, partial in 12.5% and poor in 20%. It was not possible to control the evolution in 15% of the @entity1 . The concentrations of the antibiotic were determined in the sputum of 6 @entity1 and fluctuated between 0.6 and 12.9 mug/ml. In no case could any significant disorders be attributed to the antibiotic.

title: @entity8912 in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory bacterial infections']


abstract: The reports regarding the mutual influence between the central nervous system and the immune system constitute a vast and somewhat controversial body of literature. Stress is known to disturb homeostasis, @entity1200 . In this study, we investigated the hematopoietic response of @entity14398 (CV)-treated @entity19 exposed to single (SST) and @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). We observed a reduction in the numbers of @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) in the bone marrow and long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) using flow cytometry and a coinciding decrease in the number of granulocyte-macrophage colonies (CFU-GM) after treatment with both stressors, but SST caused a more profound suppression. We observed a proportional increase in the colony-stimulating activity (CSA) of the serum of animals subjected to SST or @entity1642 . In the bone marrow, SST and @entity1642 induced a decrease in both mature myeloid and lymphoid populations but did not affect pluripotent @entity1583 (Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+), LSK), and again, a more profound suppression was observed after SST. We further quantified the levels of interleukin-1a (IL-1a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the number of myeloid cells in LTBMC. Both SST and @entity1642 reduced the levels of these cytokines to similar degrees. The myeloid population was also reduced in LTBMC, and SST induced a more intense suppression. Importantly, CV treatment prevented the changes produced by SST and @entity1642 in all of the parameters evaluated. Together, our results suggest that CV treatment is an effective tool for the prophylaxis of myelosuppression caused by single or repeated stressors.

title: XXXX treatment ameliorates the suppressive effects of single and repeated stressors on hematopoiesis.

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['RST', 'repeated stress']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['impairing immunological functions']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic progenitors', 'HP']

entities_list: @entity14398 :: ('3077', 'Species') :: ['Chlorella vulgaris']

answer: @entity14398 :: (3077,Species) :: ['Chlorella vulgaris']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">While models of autism spectrum @entity2438 ions (ASC) are emerging at the genetic level of analysis, clear models at higher levels of analysis, such as neuroanatomy, are lacking. Here we examine agenesis of the corpus callosum @entity6789 el at the level of neuroanatomy that may be relevant for understanding self-referential and social-cognitive difficulties in ASC. METHODS: We examined performance on a wide array of tests in self-referential and social-cognitive domains in a patient with bot @entity1 and a diagnosis of ASC. Tests included a depth-of-processing memory paradigm with self-referential and social-cognitive manipulations, self-report measures of self-consciousness, alexithymia, and empathy, as well as performance measures of first-person pronoun u @entity1 nd mentalizing ability. The performance of the AgCC patient was comp @entity1 a group of individuals with ASC but without AgCC and with neurotypical controls. These comparison groups come from a prior study where group differences were apparent across many measures. We used bootstrapping to assess whether the AgCC patient exhibite @entity1 s that were within or outside the 95% bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals observed in both comparison groups. RESULTS: Within the depth-of-processing memory paradigm, the AgCC patient showed d @entity1 d memory sensitivity that was more extreme than both comparison groups across all conditions. The patient's most p @entity1 ed difficulty on this task emerged in the social-cognitive domain related to information-processing about other people. The pati @entity1 s simi @entity1 the ASC group in benefiting less from self-referential processing compared to the control group. Across a variety of other self-referential (i.e. alexithymia, private self-consciousness) and social-cognitive measures (i.e. self-reported imaginative and perspective-taking subscales of empathy, mentalizing), the AgCC patient also sho @entity1 e extreme scores than those observed for both of the comparison groups. However, the AgCC patient scored w @entity1 he range observed in the comparison groups on measures of first-person pronoun u @entity1 nd self-reported affective empathy subscales. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that AgCC co-occurring with a diagnosis of ASC may be a relevant model at the level of neuroanatomy for understanding mechanisms involved in self-referential and high-level social-cognitive difficulties in ASC.

title: Self-referential and social cognition in a case of XXXX and agenesis of the @entity6789 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: @entity8494 are extremely common due to increased incidence of vehicular and industrial @entity130 and warfare @entity130 . But isolated injury to the face due to low voltage cells exploding is rare. In @entity3614 , the force can cause massive soft tissue injury, along with @entity174 and @entity16 . @entity8494 is not life threatening unless associated with other @entity130 of the skull and airway. The major risks to airway in facial @entity130 are due to anatomic alteration of @entity1 's airway through bony and soft tissue disruption and increased chances of aspiration. The past several decades have seen a rapid growth in the range of procedures available for reconstructive purposes. However, the essential preliminary management is a must and needs to be structured. The @entity1 , a 10-year-old @entity1 , was joining three pencil batteries in series and twisting the wire with his teeth when one battery exploded causing severe @entity130 to midface and mandibular region. After stabilization, the @entity1 was taken up for surgery. A cap splint with zygomatic suspension was done for the maxilla, and wiring of residual mandibular segments with lining and skin cover provided by a deltopectoral flap was done. Reconstructive surgeries for reconstruction of the upper lip and maintenance of oral continence were planned for the future. The present case stresses the importance of educating the masses about unsafe handling of low voltage devices, management of airway, massive soft tissue injury, along with @entity174 and @entity16 .

title: XXXX face: An exemplified review of management.

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['blast injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['facial fractures', 'injury to facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to adnexa']

entities_list: @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['Facial injury', 'Facial injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity3614 :: (MESH:D001753,Disease) :: ['Blast injury']


abstract: We investigated the catheterization and angiographic findings of 26 @entity1 with @entity3297 to evaluate the natural course of @entity7196 and @entity3657 . The severity of the @entity850 was correlated with age and body surface area in terms of the pulmonary arterial index, right ventricular systolic pressure, sinutubular ratio (ratio of measured to mean normal diameter of sinutubular junction), and systolic pressure gradient across the sinutubular junction. In @entity1 with @entity849 (n=20), right ventricular systolic pressure tended to decrease, and pulmonary arterial index increased, with increase in age and body surface area. Between the groups with and without @entity849 , there was significant difference in age (mean 4.70 vs. 9.87, p=0.019), body surface area (0.62 vs. 1.16, p=0.002), pulmonary arterial index (152 vs. 317, p=0.002) and right ventricular systolic pressure (73.9 vs. 33.0, p=0.006). As all @entity1 showed similar diameters at the sinutubular junction regardless of age and body size, sinutubular ratio decreased with increases in age and body surface area. The group with abnormal coronary arteries (n=7) had smaller sinutubular ratio (0.46 vs. 0.61, p=0.021) and higher pressure gradients between the left ventricle and the aorta (67.6 vs. 42.2, p=0.023) than did the group with normal coronary arteries. @entity850 of a coronary artery, or a branch of the aortic arch, was observed only in three @entity1 with @entity472 . Our results suggest that, with time, @entity3657 tends to improve, and @entity7196 to progress. Failure of growth of the sinutubular junction might be responsible for the progression of the @entity2333 . Progression of the @entity2333 may be associated with involvement of the coronary arteries.

title: Natural course of @entity7196 and @entity3657 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7196 :: ('MESH:D021921', 'Disease') :: ['supravalvar aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3297 :: ('MESH:D018980', 'Disease') :: ["Williams' syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic lesion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity3297 :: (MESH:D018980,Disease) :: ['Williams' syndrome']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the impact of incorporating @entity41615 in a treatment regimen for @entity1 with different stages of @entity101 ( @entity101 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of treatment were analyzed in 140 @entity1 with @entity101 (53 with Stage I, 50 with Stage II, and 37 with Stage III). According to the treatment regimen, the @entity1 were divided into 2 groups. A study group (n=74) received combination treatment involving antihypertensive therapy and @entity41615 intravenously dropwisely in a single dose of 200 ml of 5% @entity413 solution for 10 days, then 2 tablets twice daily for 60 days, with a total cycle time being 70 days. A comparison group (n=66) had antihypertensive therapy only. Thirty apparently healthy individuals (a control group) were examined to have reference values. All the @entity1 were examined using conventional clinical and laboratory studies. The @entity1 ' complaints and neurological status were assessed using respective questionnaires over time - before and after treatment. RESULTS: The incorporation of @entity41615 in a treatment regimen was ascertained to reduce the degree of @entity148 , @entity308 , dissomnic, and @entity73 , improves quality of life in @entity1 with Stage I @entity101 , and lowers the degree of @entity4148 in all disease stages. CONCLUSION: The found efficacy and safety of the drug may recommend its incorporation in combination therapy regimens for Stages I-III @entity101 .

title: [Effect of @entity41615 on the clinical and autonomic-psychological manifestations of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'hypertensive disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity41615 :: ('MESH:C507879', 'Chemical') :: ['cytoflavin']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['asthenic and autonomic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive disease']


abstract: @entity5354 (C) was compared with @entity2779 (P) in 18 adult @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ) aged 50 +/- 7 in double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. After a therapeutic wash-out period corresponding to 5 times the half-life of previous anti-arrhythmic drugs, @entity1 with more than 100 premature ventricular contractions (PVC) per hour in two 24 hour Holter records obtained at an interval of 7 days were treated in succession and after randomised by C (390 mg/day in 3 divided doses) and P (900 mg/day in 3 divided doses) for a period of two weeks, each active sequence being followed by a two week wash-out period. Efficacy (based upon the decrease in PVC/hour in a 24 hour Holter) and tolerability were evaluated at the end of each sequence, with samples drawn at the same times for assay of the study drugs. Three @entity1 dropped out of the trial, 1 with each active drug (for @entity158 ) and 1 with dummy. No significant difference was seen between the two drugs regarding the decrease in the total number of @entity2634 /hour in the 15 @entity1 completing the cross-over protocol. A reduction in PVC/hour of more than 70 per cent was seen in 7 @entity1 with C and in 9 @entity1 with P. C was better tolerated than P on the basis of both clinical and electrocardiographic parameters. One @entity1 developed troublesome adverse reactions with C as compared with 4 @entity1 in the case of P. A more than 20 per cent increase in QRS was seen in 7 @entity1 with C and in 10 @entity1 with P, the figures for PR being 2 and 6 @entity1 respectively. One @entity1 showed a proarrhythmic effect with P. Plasma levels of C were significantly higher in responders (328 +/- 149 ng/ml) than in non-responders (137 +/- 41 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). No significant difference was found concerning plasma levels of P (578 +/- 477 ng/ml compared with 646 +/- 457 ng/ml, p greater than 0.05). In conclusion, the efficacy/tolerability ratio in this population with a low risk of serious rhythm events appeared to be better with C than with P.

title: [Comparison of the efficacy/tolerability ratio of XXXX and @entity2779 in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5354 :: ('MESH:C032151', 'Chemical') :: ['Cibenzoline']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity5354 :: (MESH:C032151,Chemical) :: ['cibenzoline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 )-related @entity6 has been regarded as a mild form of @entity6 with a low risk of severe @entity2412 . The prevalence of @entity6 increases with age, resulting in a 50% prevalence of @entity6 at age 30 years. We sought to investigate whether microvascular complications in @entity6 appear with a relevant frequency. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 aged 30 (range 18-55) years with @entity6 for 20 (0-31) years were screened for @entity2412 . Because of chronic @entity358 , the majority of @entity1 were regularly treated with @entity4028 and @entity205 given frequently. RESULTS: Since the pharmacological treatment of lung transplant @entity1 could influence metabolical regulation and renal function, the results are given separately for nontransplanted (n = 29) and transplanted (n = 9) @entity1577 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 (27%) had @entity989 , two of which had @entity989 and needed laser treatment. Lung transplantation did not affect the prevalence of @entity989 . In nontransplanted @entity1 , nine had @entity101 , three microalbuminuria, and one elevated @entity1011 . None had macroalbuminuria. In transplanted @entity1 , eight of nine had @entity101 , two had microalbuminuria, and none had macroalbuminuria. Seven of nine lung transplant @entity1 had elevated plasma @entity1011 , and severely reduced glomerular filtration rate was significantly more frequent. CONCLUSIONS: A high frequency of @entity6 was found in @entity1 with insulin-treated @entity6 , stressing the need for a regular screening program as in type 1 @entity6 . Severely @entity8 was common in lung transplant @entity1 , probably secondary to @entity205 treatment.

title: XXXX -related @entity6 : the presence of microvascular @entity2412 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired kidney function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['CF-related diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic fibrosis']


abstract: A representative sample of 95 hospitalized @entity162 @entity308 @entity1 was followed up from 1959 to 1975. The mean age of the group at the time of this study was 61 years. It was observed that female @entity162 @entity1 demonstrate @entity308 much more frequently than @entity162 , while male @entity1 show a symmetric distribution of both @entity162 and @entity308 . The longitudinal occurrence of syndromes remains more or less constant; for instance, individual @entity1 do not tend to go into @entity308 with increasing age. The study shows that even after three episodes 29% of all @entity162 @entity1 would still have been misdiagnosed as @entity308 . An attempt is made to classify @entity162 @entity1 into three subtypes, 'preponderantly @entity162 ,' 'preponderantly @entity308 ,' and a 'nuclear' type. Male @entity1 belong mainly to the latter with an equal proportion of the first and third subtype. In contrast, female @entity1 belong mainly to the @entity308 subtype. The findings are discussed assuming either a heterogeneity of @entity162 or a threshold model of @entity1316 suggested by Gershon et al. (1976).

title: The course of XXXX . II. Typology of @entity162 manic-depressive illness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'mania', 'bipolar', 'bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'manic-depressive', 'depressive syndromes', 'unipolar depression']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['affective disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity428 as a complication of @entity879 has a mortality of about 90% in @entity1 who do not respond to treatment with @entity2656 and ultrafiltration. We investigated the safety and efficacy of moderate @entity2332 for uncontrolled increase in intracranial pressure in @entity1 with @entity879 . METHODS: We studied seven consecutive @entity1 aged 16-46 years (five @entity1 , four candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation [OLT]) with @entity879 who fulfilled criteria for poor-prognosis @entity1578 and had @entity428 that was unresponsive to two treatments with @entity2656 and ultrafiltration. We used cooling blankets to lower the @entity1 ' core temperature to 32-33 degrees C. @entity1 who were not suitable candidates for OLT ( @entity1 1-3) were cooled for 8 h and then gradually rewarmed over 1 h to a baseline temperature of 37 degrees C. @entity1 who were suitable candidates for OLT ( @entity1 4-7) were cooled before and during the OLT procedure. We measured cerebral blood flow and metabolic indices before and after cooling. FINDINGS: The four @entity1 who were candidates for OLT were successfully maintained until transplantation with 13 (range 10-14) h of @entity2332 . The three @entity1 who were unsuitable candidates for OLT died after rewarming. Intracranial pressure before cooling was 45 (25-49) mm Hg and was reduced in all @entity1 to 16 (13-17) mm Hg (p<0.05). Cerebral blood flow decreased from 103 (25-134) mL 100 g(-1) min(-1) before cooling to 44 (24-75) mL 100 g(-1) min(-1) after cooling (p<0.05). The corresponding changes for cerebral perfusion pressure was an increase from 45 (37-56) mm Hg to 70 (60-78) mm Hg (p<0.05) and for cardiac index a decrease from 9.8 (7-13) to 5.1 (4.3-6.1) L per min per m2 of body surface area. During @entity2332 there was no significant relapse of @entity428 . Arterial @entity3265 and cerebral uptake of @entity3265 were significantly reduced with cooling. No adverse effects of @entity2332 were observed. INTERPRETATION: Moderate @entity2332 is useful in the treatment of uncontrolled increase in intracranial pressure in @entity1 with @entity879 and may serve as a bridge to OLT.

title: Moderate @entity2332 for uncontrolled XXXX in @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure', 'Increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['intracranial hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) plasma levels have been associated with short- and long-term occurrence of coronary events. We investigated whether circulating inflammatory cell responsiveness to low-grade stimuli could contribute to the reported association between @entity1851 and coronary events. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 32 @entity1 with @entity1459 who were followed for 24 months and were free of symptoms for 6 months (group 1): 19 @entity1 had persistently high @entity1851 levels (>0.3 mg/dL) (group 1A); 13 @entity1 had normal @entity1851 levels (group 1B). During the follow-up, 12 (63%) group 1A but no group 1B @entity1 developed an @entity1188 or recurrence of @entity1459 (P<0.001). Eighteen @entity1 with @entity5749 (group 2) and 18 healthy subjects (group 3) were studied as controls. @entity650 production (median, range) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 4 hours of in vitro stimulation with 1 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly higher in group 1A (4526 pg/mL, 3042 to 10 583 pg/mL) than in group 1B (1752 pg/mL, 75 to 3981 pg/mL), group 2 (707 pg/mL, 41 to 3275 pg/mL), and group 3 (488 pg/mL, 92 to 3503 pg/mL) (all P<0.001). No significant differences were observed among the other groups. @entity650 production after LPS-challenge was correlated with baseline @entity1851 levels (r=0.42, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Mononuclear cells of @entity1 with recurrent phases of instability exhibit an enhanced production of @entity650 in response to low-dose of LPS, correlated with baseline @entity1851 levels, 6 months after the last acute event. This persisting enhanced acute-phase responsiveness may help explain the association between @entity1851 and acute coronary events.

title: Enhanced response of blood monocytes to in vitro lipopolysaccharide-challenge in XXXX with recurrent @entity1459 .

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated left atrial dimensions and function in high @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) @entity1 with @entity955 . BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with increased plasma levels of @entity1851 left @entity409 may enhance the occurrence of @entity943 . METHODS: Two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography, were performed in 20 consecutive @entity1 with high @entity1851 levels and @entity955 (group @entity37253 ) and in 20 @entity1 with high @entity1851 levels without this @entity943 (group CR). Twenty normal subjects (group N) were also investigated. Groups were matched for age and gender. RESULTS: @entity1851 was increased in the @entity37253 (median = 1.03 mg/dl), CR (median = 0.84 mg/dl) and N groups (median = 0.23 mg/dl), (p < 0.001) for all comparisons. The @entity37253 , CR and N groups had similar systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, isovolumic relaxation time and peak early and late transmitral Doppler flow velocities. Maximal left atrial volume was greater only in the @entity37253 group (54.4 +/- 6.3 ml) compared with the N group (50.3 +/- 4.9 ml, p < 0.05). Left atrial volume preceding atrial contraction was similar in all groups, p=NS. Left atrial minimal volume decreased from 23.0 +/- 1.8 ml in the @entity37253 group, to 19.8 +/- 1.8 ml in the CR group, p < 0.001 and to 18.1 +/- 2.1 ml in the N group, (p < 0.02). The passive emptying fraction of the @entity37253 and CR groups was comparable to that of normal subjects. The @entity37253 group had a decreased left atrial active emptying fraction (0.25 +/- 0.08) compared with the CR (0.36 +/- 0.09) and N groups (0.39 +/- 0.08), p < 0.001 for both comparisons. The reservoir fraction was decreased only in the @entity37253 group compared to normal subjects (1.37 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.82 +/- 0.43, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the occurrence of @entity955 in @entity1 with a high @entity1851 level is associated with enlargement of the left atrium, @entity308 of its contractile function and is independent of @entity4346 and function. The mechanisms linking these variables remain undefined.

title: Left atrial function in @entity1 with a high @entity1851 level and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Up till now, clinical data on the possible prognostic influence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in @entity1583 have been inconsistent, probably due to technical pitfalls. Moreover, in most studies qualitative information on the presence/absence of @entity1262 expression has been used instead of quantitative results. In addition, results usually refer to the total BM population and not specifically to blast cells. In the present study we analyzed the expression of @entity1262 in a series of 50 newly diagnosed de novo @entity3052 using a double-staining technique: (a) monoclonal antibodies for the specific identification of blast cells and (b) the @entity3514 efflux assay, which allows a quantitative and calibrated measurement of @entity1262 function. Expression of @entity1262 was correlated with clinical, biological, and immunophenotypical disease characteristics. All @entity1 were uniformly treated according to the @entity3052 87/91 protocols of the Spanish Pethema Cooperative Group; the median age was 51 +/- 19 years and the @entity1334 distribution was as follows: 2 M0, 9 M1, 9 M2, 12 M3, 11 M4, 5 M5, and 2 M6 cases. Upon grouping the 50 @entity3052 @entity1 analyzed according to the level of rh123 elimination, it was observed that those cases with > or = 30% decrease in rh123 fluorescence displayed higher WBC counts (9 +/- 12 vs 37 +/- 73 x 10(9)/l, p = 0.02) and platelet numbers (94 +/- 11 vs 35 +/- 25 x 10(9)/l, p = 0.02), together with a higher incidence of extramedullary involvement (35% vs 24%, p = 0.02). Half of the @entity1 (47%) displaying a low rh123 elimination (< 30%) showed M3 morphology, while among the 33 @entity1 with a higher rate of rh123 elimination (> or = 30%), only four (12%) corresponded to the M3 morphological subtype (p = 0.0006). From the immunophenotypic point of view, a low rate of rh123 elimination was associated with a lower expression of HLADR antigen (p = 0.003) and a higher expression of @entity2467 (p = 0.01). Regarding the possible prognostic influence of @entity1262 expression, we found that a high rate of rh123 elimination (> 30%) was associated with a tendency towards poor disease outcome, illustrated by both a lower complete remission rate with the first cycle of chemotherapy (36% vs 56%) and a lower median disease-free survival (22 months vs median DFS not reached), although differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.1 in both comparisons). This data shows that although @entity1262 can be a relevant parameter in the evaluation of @entity3052 @entity1 , larger series of @entity1 using appropriate techniques for specifically analyzing the MDR of blast cells will be necessary in order to establish the final clinical value of this parameter.

title: Functional expression of XXXX in @entity3052 : correlation with the clinical-biological, immunophenotypical, and prognostic disease characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['MDR-1']


abstract: Homeobox transcription factors are well known regulators of plant growth and development. In this study, we carried out functional analysis of two candidate stress-responsive HD-ZIP I class homeobox genes from @entity579 , OsHOX22, and OsHOX24. These genes were highly up-regulated under various abiotic stress conditions at different stages of @entity579 development, including seedling, mature and reproductive stages. The transcript levels of these genes were enhanced significantly in the presence of plant hormones, including @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ), auxin, @entity3785 , and @entity9635 . The recombinant full-length and truncated homeobox proteins were found to be localized in the nucleus. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay established the binding of these homeobox proteins with specific DNA sequences, AH1 (CAAT(A/T)ATTG) and AH2 (CAAT(C/G)ATTG). Transactivation assays in @entity375 revealed the transcriptional activation potential of full-length OsHOX22 and OsHOX24 proteins. Homo- and hetero-dimerization capabilities of these proteins have also been demonstrated. Further, we identified putative novel interacting proteins of OsHOX22 and OsHOX24 via yeast-two hybrid analysis. Over-expression of OsHOX24 imparted higher sensitivity to stress hormone, @entity2272 , and abiotic stresses in the transgenic @entity958 plants as revealed by various physiological and phenotypic assays. Microarray analysis revealed differential expression of several stress-responsive genes in transgenic lines as compared to wild-type. Many of these genes were found to be involved in transcriptional regulation and various metabolic pathways. Altogether, our results suggest the possible role of OsHOX22/OsHOX24 homeobox proteins as negative regulators in abiotic stress responses.

title: Characterization of XXXX Homeobox Genes, OsHOX22 and OsHOX24, and Over-expression of OsHOX24 in Transgenic @entity958 Suggest Their Role in Abiotic Stress Response.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity9635 :: ('MESH:C007842', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellic acid']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Rice']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Major hepatectomy with concomitant pancreatoduodenectomy (M-HPD) is usually indicated for the resection of @entity1126 or advanced @entity1086 . This is the only procedure that can potentially cure such advanced @entity5 , so both a low mortality rate and long-term survival could potentially justify performing this procedure. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2005, the morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival of 26 @entity1 with @entity1125 14 with @entity1126 , 9 with advanced @entity1086 , and 3 with @entity1126 , who underwent hepatopancreatoduodectomy (HPD) were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 30.8% and 0%, respectively. @entity86 complications occurred in 6 @entity1 (23.0%). The 5-year survival rate of the 14 @entity1 with @entity1126 who underwent HPD was 51.9%, while the 5-year survival rate in the 12 of these @entity1 who underwent M-HPD was 61.4%. @entity1 with @entity1126 without @entity41 and those without lymph node @entity3 had 5-year survival rates of 68.6% and 80%, respectively. Thirty-three percent (2 of 6) of the @entity1 who underwent M-HPD for advanced @entity1086 survived for more than 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative biliary drainage, portal embolization, complete external drainage of pancreatic juice, @entity954 , and prevention of bacterial colonization of bile may enable the incidence of mortality and @entity1578 to approach zero in @entity1 who undergo HPD. Surgeons should strive for complete clearance of the @entity5 with a negative surgical margin to achieve long-term survival when performing M-HPD.

title: Is major hepatectomy with pancreatoduodenectomy justified for advanced XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['hilar bile duct cancer', 'diffuse bile duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative infectious']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['advanced biliary tract carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['biliary malignancy']


abstract: Serum levels of @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ) have been shown to be a good parameter of the disease severity of @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ). However, the relationship between the disease severity and the @entity14335 ( @entity14335 ) has not been established in @entity483 @entity1 . The purpose of this study is to examine serum @entity11153 and @entity14335 levels in relation to the disease severity in @entity483 children. Serum @entity11153 and @entity14335 levels were assessed in relation to the skin scores in 34 @entity483 @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ; age 0.6 to 7years: mean+/-S.D. 2.2+/-1.9) and six non-atopic control @entity1 (three @entity1 and three @entity1 ; age 1 to 3years: mean+/-S.D. 1.7+/-0.9). Serum @entity11153 and @entity14335 levels of the @entity1 with @entity483 were significantly increased compared with the non-atopic controls. Serum @entity14335 levels of the @entity1 were also related to the disease severity. The skin scores were more significantly correlated with serum @entity14335 levels than @entity11153 levels. We concluded that serum @entity14335 may reflect more strongly disease severity as eosinophilic activation in @entity483 children than serum @entity11153 .

title: Serum @entity14335 may reflect more strongly disease severity in @entity483 than XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity14335 :: ('6036', 'Gene') :: ['EDN', 'eosinophil derived neurotoxin']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

answer: @entity11153 :: (6037,Gene) :: ['eosinophil cationic protein']


abstract: A large animal model of fulminant @entity99 is necessary to test the efficacy of artificial liver support systems. A recent model was developed using @entity8688 in anesthetized @entity235 . Because of the difficulties encountered with prolonged anesthesia, a similar protocol was used in 10 unanesthetized @entity235 . Intravenous infusions of @entity8688 (1.0 to 1.5 gm/kg) did not result in uniform death of all animals at 72 hours or development of @entity4053 . @entity99 was observed in all animals, but residual hepatocyte viability was evident in some. All animals developed severe @entity1003 with histological evidence of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) in four. A clinical picture characteristic of @entity326 shock was observed in most animals as a terminal event. The presence of endotoxin was confirmed in all @entity235 tested after 12 hours (7/10). The differences observed between this model and the anesthetized model are probably because of the toxic synergism between @entity1508 and @entity8688 . Neither model seems satisfactory for the testing of artificial liver support systems. The @entity1508 model requires extremely long periods of anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. The present model does not cause uniform or universal death of the animals within 3 days. Foremost, both models result in @entity5642 and @entity326 shock, neither of which is likely to respond to bioartificial liver support or treatment with conventional dialysis membranes.

title: Galactosamine-induced fulminant @entity99 in unanesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumption coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity8688 :: ('CHEBI:60313', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactosamine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Severe hepatic necrosis', 'hepatic necrosis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canines']


abstract: The hormonal requirements for functional differentiation of @entity19 parotid glands were investigated using organ cultures in chemically defined medium. The hormones tested were insulin, @entity1955 and @entity617 , and the parameters examined were alpha-amylase activity and the ultrastructure of the tissue. It is found that most of the amylase in the cultures (80%) was released into the culture medium after 5 days of cultivation. @entity617 (5 . 10(-3) mg/ml) alone resulted in a 3--4-fold increase in specific activity of amylase (total amylase activity in the medium and culture) over that in its absence, but neither insulin nor @entity1955 alone induced the enzyme. @entity617 plus @entity1955 (over 1 . 10(-7) mg/ml) or insulin (over 1 . 10(-3) unit/ml) induced markedly the enzyme, amylase specific activity being as much as 4- or 6-fold that with @entity617 alone. Moreover the enzyme specific activity was dependent on the @entity617 concentration (5 . 10(-7) - 5 . 10(-3) mg/ml) in the presence of @entity1955 (1 . 10(-2) mg/ml) or insulin (1 . 10(-2) unit/ml). Morphological differentiation was also observed in explants cultivated in medium containing @entity617 plus @entity1955 or insulin. These results suggest that besides glucocorticoids, insulin and @entity1955 are involved in increase in amylase activity in @entity19 parotid glands during the late suckling period.

title: Effects of hormones on differentiation of parotid glands of suckling XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone', 'prednisolone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the imprecision of microkeratome cuts, preoperative corneal pachymetry, and laser @entity92 and develop a statistical model to describe the probability of the @entity41 ( @entity41 ) after myopic LASIK being significantly thinner than predicted. METHODS: Preoperative corneal thickness, flap thickness, @entity92 , and @entity41 were measured in 36 eyes by a prototype three-dimensional very high-frequency (VHF) 50 MHz digital ultrasound scanning device (<1.2 microm precision), precursor to the commercially available Artemis 2. All eyes had undergone LASIK with the Moria @entity37292 -One microkeratome and the NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser. Based on the statistically combined uncertainty (standard deviation) and bias (accuracy to intended value) of corneal thickness measurement, flap thickness, and @entity92 , a continuous probability function was devised describing the chance of obtaining an actual @entity41 less than a specified "cut-off". The model was applied using the data collected from the cohort of eyes. The model was also applied using published flap thickness statistics on a series of microkeratomes. RESULTS: Precision (standard deviation) was 0.74 microm for VHF digital ultrasound measurement of pachymetry, 30.3 microm for Moria @entity37292 -One flap thickness, and 11.2 microm for NIDEK EC-5000 @entity92 . Assuming negligible laser @entity92 bias, the model found the probability that the actual @entity41 will be <200 pmicromgiven a target @entity41 of 250 microm is 7.56% with the Moria @entity37292 -One. The model applied to published flap statistics revealed a range of probabilities of leaving <200 microm given a target @entity41 of 250 microm from <0.01% to 33.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of microkeratome, laser, and pachymeter has a significant impact on the variation of the depth of keratectomy and thus on the risk of @entity4122 . This model together with high-precision microkeratomes, preoperative pachymetry, and knowledge of laser ablation precision would enable surgeons to determine the specific imprecision of @entity41 prediction for individual LASIK cases and minimize the risk of @entity4122 .

title: Probability model of the inaccuracy of residual stromal thickness prediction to reduce the risk of XXXX after LASIK part I: quantifying individual risk.

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['ablation depth']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual stromal bed thickness', 'RST']

answer: @entity4122 :: (MESH:D004108,Disease) :: ['ectasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), which demonstrated a reduction in @entity2 mortality, may result in widespread computed tomography (CT)-based screening of select populations. How @entity5 has been diagnosed without screening, and what proportion of these cases would be captured by a screening program modeled on the NLST, is not currently known. We therefore evaluated current patterns of @entity5 presentation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis of @entity1 diagnosed with stage I-II @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) from 2000-2009. Associations between @entity1 and imaging characteristics were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 412 @entity1 met criteria for analysis. Among those with available reason for initial imaging, the reason was symptoms in 51%, follow-up of other conditions in 43%, and screening in 6%. Reason for imaging was associated with race (P<0.001), insurance type (P=0.005), and disease stage (P<0.001). Type of initial imaging was associated with reason for imaging (P<0.001), year (chest x-ray 67% in 2000-2004 vs. 49% in 2005-2009; P<0.001), and disease stage (P=0.005). Among @entity1 with available quantified smoking history, 48% were age 55-74 years and smoked 30-plus pack-years, therefore meeting NLST entry criteria. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Symptoms remain a dominant but declining reason for detection of early-stage @entity1149 . The proportion of cases detected initially by CT scan without antecedent chest x-ray has increased considerably. Because as few as half of cases meet NLST eligibility criteria, clinicians should remain aware of the diverse circumstances of @entity5 presentation to expedite therapy.

title: How have we diagnosed XXXX without radiographic screening? A contemporary single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage lung cancer']


abstract: @entity2347 is an unusual but capricious @entity5 of salivary gland origin. Characteristically, these @entity5 follow a relentless clinical course, although some @entity1 experience prolonged disease-free survival. @entity5 size, site, and grade have been shown to correlate with @entity5 behavior. Recent investigation by others has suggested that DNA ploidy as determined by flow cytometry may provide an additional biologic marker of @entity5 behavior. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of DNA ploidy to @entity5 grade, biologic behavior, and @entity1 outcome. A retrospective comparison of flow cytometric evaluations of @entity982 -embedded formalin-fixed @entity5 specimens with @entity1 outcome and histopathologic grade was undertaken. Follow-up of 4 to 7 years in 26 @entity1 confirmed that the presence of a solid histologic component in the @entity5 correlated with the presence of recurrent or persistent disease (p = 0.04). Twenty-two of 28 @entity5 (78%) were found to be aneuploid on at least one section. Comparison of DNA ploidy with either @entity1 outcome or the presence of a solid component did not achieve statistical significance, although a trend was suggested. This study confirms previous studies demonstrating the validity of histopathologic evaluation of @entity5 grade in the prediction of the biologic behavior of @entity2347 . However, our findings suggest that DNA ploidy has only limited value as an additional marker of @entity5 behavior in this @entity1 population.

title: Flow cytometric evaluation of XXXX : correlation with histologic subtype and survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine @entity4617 in @entity27 ( @entity27 ) @entity1 . The study was retrospective within subjects and examined the sleep stages and HRV in relation to @entity27 , age, body mass index (BMI), and sex. Data collected during diagnostic polysomnograms were used in this study. There were 105 clinical @entity1 undergoing polysomnography for suspected @entity27 . We sampled the electrocardiogram (ECG) from wakefulness, stage 2, and @entity1949 sleep and analyzed for frequency domain HRV. Sampled epochs were free of @entity386 and arousals. Heart rate variability decreased with age. Total frequency variability (TF) and low frequency variability (LF) in wakefulness and @entity1949 sleep increased as @entity386 severity increased. Measures of TF, LF, and the LF/HF ratio were greatest in @entity1949 sleep. There was less LF and TF in Stage @entity1949 sleep in @entity1 with higher BMI. In conclusion, the decrease in HRV with aging is a robust finding that occurs even in a clinical @entity387 population. However, @entity386 does not mimic aging effects on the heart because HRV increased as @entity386 severity increased. The decrease in HRV during @entity1949 sleep in the @entity28 @entity386 @entity1 suggests the possibility of an @entity5433 in this subgroup.

title: Autonomic function in @entity387 @entity1 : increased heart rate variability except during @entity1949 sleep in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate variability (HRV) among sleep stages']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5445 (7-36) @entity6346 ( @entity8142 ) protects against stunning and cumulative @entity1002 in @entity1 . The mechanism remains uncertain but @entity8142 may act by opening mitochondrial K- @entity855 channels in a similar fashion to ischemic conditioning. We investigated whether blockade of @entity3529 - @entity855 channels with @entity5217 abrogated the protective effect of @entity8142 in @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-two non- @entity6 @entity1 awaiting stenting of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) were allocated into 4 groups (control, @entity5217 , @entity8142 , and @entity8142 + @entity5217 ). @entity5217 was given orally prior to the procedure. A left ventricular conductance catheter recorded pressure-volume loops during a 1-min low-pressure balloon occlusion (BO1) of the LAD. @entity8142 or saline was then infused for 30-min followed by a further 1-min balloon occlusion (BO2). In a non-invasive study, 10 non- @entity6 @entity1 were randomized to receive two @entity452 stress echocardiograms (DSE) during @entity8142 infusion with or without oral @entity5217 pretreatment. RESULTS: @entity8142 prevented stunning even with @entity5217 pretreatment; the    % dP/dtmax 30-min post-BO1 normalized to baseline after @entity8142 : 0.3    6.8 % (p = 0.02) and @entity8142 + @entity5217 : -0.8    9.0 % (p = 0.04) compared to control: -11.5    10.0 %. @entity8142 also reduced cumulative stunning after @entity23691 : -12.8    10.5 % (p = 0.02) as did @entity8142 + @entity5217 : -14.9    9.2 % (p = 0.02) compared to control: -25.7    9.6 %. @entity5217 alone was no different to control. @entity5217 pretreatment did not affect global or regional systolic function after @entity8142 at peak DSE stress (EF 74.6    6.4 vs. 74.0    8.0, p = 0.76) or recovery (EF 61.9    5.7 vs. 61.4    5.6, p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5217 pretreatment does not abrogate the protective effect of @entity8142 in @entity1 models of non-lethal @entity741 . Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Unique Identifier: NCT02128022.

title: @entity5445 derived cardioprotection does not utilize a KATP-channel dependent pathway: mechanistic insights from XXXX supply and demand ischemia studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between self-reported disease burden ( @entity64 , @entity712 , @entity6 , @entity1030 , @entity625 , or @entity5 ) and functional improvement during and after inpatient rehabilitation among older adults with @entity173 . DESIGN: This is a longitudinal study examining 238 community-dwelling adults 65 yrs or older with unilateral @entity173 who underwent surgical repair and inpatient rehabilitation and were followed for 1 yr after discharge from the inpatient rehabilitation facility. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) instrument was the outcome variable, collected at inpatient rehabilitation facility admission and discharge and at 2, 6, and 12 mos after discharge from the inpatient rehabilitation facility. A mixed-effect model was applied to quantify FIM functional improvement patterns between groups with and without selected preexisting chronic conditions while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Maximum functional improvement occurred during rehabilitation and the first 6 mos after rehabilitation for all six chronic conditions under study. In regard to the effect of disease on selected FIM outcomes, compared with @entity1 without the selected preexisting chronic conditions, those who have had a @entity64 had significantly worse self care (b = -0.33; P = 0.02), transfer (b = -0.36; P = 0.03), and locomotion (b = -0.84; P = 0.0005) ratings, whereas the @entity1 with @entity712 had significantly worse transfer (b = -0.59; P = 0.001) and locomotion (b = -0.71; P = 0.01) ratings. Significant interactions in @entity64 with time were seen in self-care (b = -0. 03; P = 0.04), suggesting that those who have had a @entity64 before @entity173 had poorer functional improvement over time than those who did not have the conditions. The @entity1 with @entity712 demonstrated a faster rate of recovery over time in locomotion than those without (b = 0.06; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Intervention strategies should monitor the first 6 mos after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, during which the maximum level of functional improvement is expected. However, the individuals who have had a @entity64 had poor functional improvement at 1 yr (adjusted mean FIM score, 5.74) than those who have not had a @entity64 (adjusted mean FIM score, 6.56). The @entity1 who have had a @entity64 required @entity1 supervision at 12 mos after rehabilitation. Therefore, long-term care needs should be monitored in the discharge plan.

title: Effect of comorbidity on functional recovery after XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: Autologous fibrin glue has been demonstrated as a potential scaffold with very good biocompatibility for neocartilage formation. However, fibrin glue has been reported not to provide enough mechanical strength, but with many growth factors to interfere the tissue growth. Gelatin/hyaluronic acid/ @entity12006 (GHC6S) tri-copolymer sponge has been prepared as scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering and showed very good results, but problems of cell seeding and cell distribution troubled the researchers. In this study, GHC6S particles would be added into the fibrin glue to provide better mechanical strength, better cell distribution, and easier cell seeding, which would be expected to improve cartilage regeneration in vitro. Porcine cryo-precipitated fibrinogen and thrombin prepared from prothrombin activated by 10% @entity3282 solution were used in two groups. One is the fibrin glue group in which porcine chondrocytes were mixed with thrombin-fibrinogen solution, which was then converted into fibrin glue. The other is GHC6S-fibrin glue in which GHC6S particles were added into the thrombin-fibrinogen solution with porcine chondrocytes. After culturing for 1-2 weeks, the chondrocytes cultured in GHC6S-fibrin glue showed a round shape with distinct lacuna structure and showed positive in S-100 protein immunohistochemical stain. The related gene expressions of @entity37034 , @entity1551 , aggrecan, decorin, @entity1356 , @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), and Fas-associating death domain were checked by real-time PCR. The results indicated that the chondrocytes cultured in GHC6S-fibrin glue would effectively promote extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and inhibit ECM degradation. The evidence could support that GHC6S-fibrin glue would be a promising scaffold for articular cartilage tissue engineering.

title: Fibrin glue mixed with gelatin/hyaluronic acid/ XXXX tri-copolymer for articular cartilage tissue engineering: the results of real-time polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['type I, II, X collagen, interleukin-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity37034 :: ('7076;4313', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin-6-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta 1']

answer: @entity12006 :: (MESH:D002809,Chemical) :: ['chondroitin-6-sulfate']


abstract: The interaction of cecropin P1 (CP1) with Escherichiacoli was investigated to gain insight into the time-dependent antimicrobial action. Biophysical characterizations of CP1 with whole bacterial cells were performed using both fluorescent and colorimetric assays to investigate the role of membrane permeability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding in lytic behavior. The kinetics of CP1 growth inhibition assays indicated a @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) of 3 microM. Bactericidal kinetics at the @entity1987 indicated rapid killing of @entity526 (<30 min). Membrane permeability studies illustrated permeation as a time-dependent event. Maximum permeability at the @entity1987 occurred within 30 min, which correlates to the bactericidal action. Further investigation showed that the immediate permeabilizing action of CP1 is concentration-dependent, which correlates to the concentration-dependent nature of the inhibition assays. At the @entity1987 and above, the immediate permeability was significant enough that the cells could not recover and exhibit growth. Below the @entity1987 , immediate permeability was evident, but the level was insufficient to inhibit growth. Dansyl polymyxin B displacement studies showed LPS binding is essentially the same at all concentrations investigated. However, it does appear that only the immediate interaction is important, because binding continued to increase over time beyond cell viability. Our studies correlated CP1 bactericidal kinetics to membrane permeability suggesting CP1 concentration-dependent killing is driven by the extent of the immediate permeabilizing action of the peptide.

title: Membrane permeability and antimicrobial kinetics of cecropin P1 against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimal inhibitory concentration']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The role of @entity842 (NO) in @entity632 ( @entity3105 ; @entity5 chemotherapeutic)-induced @entity1370 is well established. In skeletal muscle (SM), NO regulation plays a critical role in health, biogenesis, and function. Despite the increasing evidence that indicates the negative impact of @entity3105 on SM function, the effect of @entity3105 on NO production in SM has yet to be examined. The purpose of the current study was to simultaneously examine intracellular and interstitial NO concentrations in the SM following the administration of @entity3105 . A single dose of 1.5 or 4.5  mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally to male @entity35 , and interstitial (IS) and intracellular (IC) NO was quantified every 24 up to 192  h post-injection. There was no significant difference in IC NO following the injection of 1.5  mg/kg @entity3105 when compared to the control; however, the administration of 4.5  mg/kg @entity3105 resulted in lower (P   <   0.05) concentrations of NO in the IC. Interestingly, a consistently higher (P   <   0.05) concentration of NO in the IS was established following the administration of 1.5  mg/kg compared to the control while no significant changes in IS NO resulted from the administration of the 4.5  mg/kg dose. The fluctuation of IS and IC NO was not a result of substrate availability as @entity369 concentrations remained stable throughout the experiment. By utilizing the microdialysis technique, we have simultaneously quantified for the first time the IS and IC concentrations of NO in SM following @entity3105 administration. These data provide important insight in the possible mechanisms leading to @entity3105 -related @entity121 .

title: @entity632 chemotherapy affects intracellular and interstitial XXXX concentrations in skeletal muscle : Effect of @entity632 on intracellular and interstitial NO in skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['SM dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new intercalative agent @entity42462 was shown in early clinical trials to be toxic to the central nervous system when administered as a short intravenous infusion, but not when given as a 120-hour continuous infusion. Thus, clinical development in different @entity5 types was pursued using only this administration schedule. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and at least one measurable site received @entity42462 as a 120-hour continuous (5 days) infusion every 3 weeks. The starting dose was 170 mg/m2/day x 5 in the first 26 @entity1 and 200 mg/m2/day x 5 in the remainder. @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 after each course and for response every two courses and remained on treatment until excessive @entity137 or disease progression were observed. A special test, the "Mini-mental state", was used to assess @entity1 ' cognitive functions. RESULTS: Of the 49 @entity1 entered, 42 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . @entity137 consisted mainly of myelosuppression and no neurologic side effects were observed. Only one @entity1 presented a partial response. CONCLUSIONS: Although definitively safe with this schedule of administration, @entity42462 is not active in @entity1149 .

title: Phase II study of XXXX in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity42462 :: ('MESH:C019215', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitonafide']

answer: @entity42462 :: (MESH:C019215,Chemical) :: ['mitonafide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3384 (CL) with or without @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) is a common @entity1 @entity600 with complex genetic etiology. One of the unidentified genes maps to chromosome 17q21. A @entity19 , A/WySn, has @entity2419 with complex genetic etiology that models the @entity1 defect, and 1 of its causative genes, @entity43504 , maps to a region homologous to @entity1 17q21. Extensive studies of the candidate region pointed to a novel insertion of an IAP transposon 3' from the gene @entity13027 as the @entity43504 mutation. Independently a recessive knockout mutation of @entity13027 ( @entity13027 -) was reported to cause a lethal syndrome that includes some @entity2419 . METHODS: A standard genetic test of allelism between @entity43504 and the @entity13027 - mutation was done. A total of 83 F1 embryos at gestation day 14 (GD 14) from @entity13027 -/+ males crossed with A/WySn females, and 79 BC1 GD 14 embryos from F1 @entity13027 -/ @entity43504 males back-crossed to A/WySn females were observed for CL. Embryo genotypes at @entity43504 and @entity13027 were obtained from DNA markers. Genotypes for a second unlinked modifier locus from A/WySn, clf2, were similarly obtained. RESULTS: The compound mutant embryos ( @entity13027 -/ @entity43504 ) had high frequencies of CL: 27% in the F1 and 63% in the BC1. The clf2 modifier gene was found to have 3 alleles segregating in this study and to strongly influence the penetrance of CL in the compound mutant. CONCLUSIONS: The noncomplementation of @entity43504 and @entity13027 - confirms that @entity43504 is a mutation of the @entity13027 gene. The homologous @entity1 @entity13027 gene and 3' conserved noncoding region should be examined for a role in @entity1 nonsyndromic @entity2419 .

title: Wnt9b is the mutated gene involved in XXXX with or without @entity2419 in A/WySn @entity19 , as confirmed by a genetic complementation test.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'CLP']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['Nonsyndromic cleft lip']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['multifactorial nonsyndromic cleft lip']