abstract: The efficacy and safety of @entity2643 in the conversion of persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) were investigated in a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Of 67 consecutive @entity1 (32 @entity1 , mean age 64+/-9 years) with @entity955 lasting >48 hours, 33 received @entity2643 and 34 received placebo. Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. @entity1 randomized to @entity2643 received 300 mg intravenously for 1 hour and then 20 mg/kg for 24 hours. They were also given 600 mg/day orally, divided into 3 doses, for 1 week and thereafter 400 mg/day for 3 weeks. @entity1 randomized to placebo received an identical amount of saline IV over 24 hours and then oral placebo for 1 month. Conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 16 of the 33 @entity1 (48.5%) who received @entity2643 and in none of the 34 @entity1 in the placebo group (p <0.001). None of the @entity1 converted to sinus rhythm within the first 3 days. Those who converted had smaller atria than those who did not (diameter 41.9+/-7.2 vs 50.4+/-5.7 mm, p <0.001). Sex, age, baseline heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, and the duration of @entity955 did not differ significantly between @entity1 who converted and those who did not. No side effects requiring discontinuation of treatment were observed in either group. @entity2643 , administered both intravenously and orally, appears to be safe and effective in the termination of persistent @entity955 . Left atrial diameter is the sole independent predictor of conversion.

title: Efficacy of XXXX for the termination of persistent @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: @entity189 of the prostate is among the rarest malignant @entity5 types and has been well known for its aggressive clinical course. @entity1 was admitted with the symptoms of lower urinary tract. Transurethral resection of prostate (TUR-P) was carried out. Revealing Gleason 5 + 3 = 8 @entity263 in TUR-P material. Thereby, a Radical Prostatectomy procedure was planned. In operation, frozen examination revealed @entity420 to the obturator lymph node. The operation was terminated. In the postoperative 3rd month, the @entity1 was re-admitted with acute urinary system symptoms. A cystoscopy performed and complete resection of the mass was performed. The pathological examination reported that the @entity5 was compatible with undifferentiated @entity420 owing to presence of poorly differentiated tumoral cells and detection of @entity420 in a relatively small (<1%) focus. 4 month after the operation, the @entity1 underwent another cyctoscopic examination which revealed the prostatic lounge and most of the bladder lumen to be filled with tumoral tissue. The tumoral tissues was resected incompletely. This material was diagnosed to be "Sarcomatoid @entity5 " upon the new evidences of progressive dedifferentiation and predominant @entity1358 appearance, compared with the former TUR-P materials. Subsequent PET-CT scan depicted multiple @entity3 . The @entity1 was referred to oncology department. In conclusion, @entity189 is a malignant variant that brings along diagnostic and treatment difficulties.

title: XXXX of the prostate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant Tumor', 'tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'Sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma metastasis', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Sarcomatoid carcinoma']


abstract: A fatal case of @entity1 @entity358 is reported. The @entity1 , a male farm laborer from Pernambuco, in the Northeastern part of Brazil, had moved to Planaltina, DF., one year prior the onset of his illness. The main clinical manifestations consisted in @entity221 , @entity925 , cough and @entity1353 . After being sick for five weeks, the @entity1 developed severe @entity1576 and died. Grossly, disseminated @entity75 , a few millimeters in diameter, were observed throughout the lobes of both lungs. Microscopically, round structures, up to 600 microns in diameter, with a thick membrane, identified as adiaconidia of Chrysosporium parvum var. crescens, were seen in the center of the @entity75 . These adiaconidia appeared predominantly inside microabscesses or @entity39 areas, both surrounded by a granulomatous reaction. The pulmonary alveoli not affected by the @entity75 contained an inflammatory exudate composed of macrophages and neutrophils. The finding of several non-fatal cases of the disease in the area of the Federal District suggests that adiaspiromycosis is endemic in the Central Brazilian Plateau region, where the dry, warm and windy climate, particularly from August to October, may provide the appropriate environmental conditions for the dissemination of @entity2432 conidia.

title: [A fatal case of @entity1 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['nodular lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adiaspiromycosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary adiaspiromycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The multiplicity of biopsychosocial and economic facets of @entity615 complicates the treatment outcomes measurement. Our previous work showed that personal functional goal achievement contributed more toward @entity1 satisfaction with the outcome than did traditional self-reports of @entity158 and physical function or measured strength, flexibility, and endurance among functional restoration program (FRP) graduates with @entity615 . PURPOSE: The primary goal was to compare the impact on @entity1 satisfaction of @entity158 and functional goal achievement versus self-reports of @entity158 and physical function. STUDY DESIGN: This was an observational study of all @entity1 with @entity615 completing an FRP between June 2008 and May  2009. OUTCOME MEASURES: Before the treatment, @entity1 recorded personal 3-month goals for @entity158 , work, recreation, and activities of daily living. At least 3 months later, all graduates were sent a follow-up survey displaying the @entity1 's pretreatment functional goals and eliciting the @entity1 's assessment of functional goal achievement; current @entity158 magnitude, "satisfaction with the overall results for your @entity158 problem;" and responses to the Short Form-36v2 Physical Functioning subscale (PF-10). METHODS: @entity158 goal achievement was calculated as the difference between the @entity158 goal and follow-up @entity158 magnitude. Linear regression was used to evaluate the association between satisfaction and four variables (follow-up @entity158 ; PF-10; @entity158 goal achievement; functional goal achievement), individually and then together in a full model. RESULTS: Of the 82 @entity1 surveyed, 62 responded completely. Mean age was 44 years, with 48% female and 35% on @entity1538 . The model R(2) combining all four variables explained 0.6033 of the variance in satisfaction. Each variable by itself was significantly related to @entity1 satisfaction at p<.001, but the overlap in association was large. The unique contributions (R(2)) to the variation in satisfaction were the following: functional goal achievement: 0.0471; PF-10 score: 0.0229; @entity158 magnitude: 0.0178; and @entity158 goal achievement: 0.0020. CONCLUSIONS: At least 3 months after the treatment, functional goal achievement had by far the greatest impact on @entity1 satisfaction, followed by PF-10 score, @entity158 magnitude, and, finally, @entity158 goal achievement. Functional goal achievement has great potential as a tool for @entity1 -centered treatment decision-making and outcomes measurement for @entity1 with @entity615 and their health care providers.

title: XXXX -centered evaluation of outcomes from rehabilitation for chronic disabling spinal disorders: the impact of personal goal achievement on @entity1 satisfaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disabling back and/or neck pain']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ["worker's compensation"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'pretreatment pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, maintenance chemotherapy is increasingly being recognized as a new treatment strategy to improve the outcome of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, the optimal maintenance strategy is still controversial. @entity136 is a promising candidate for single-agent maintenance therapy because of @entity137 and good tolerability. We have conducted a randomized phase II study to evaluate the validity of single-agent maintenance chemotherapy of @entity136 and to compare continuation- and switch-maintenance. METHODS: Chemona  ve @entity1 with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 were randomly assigned 1:1 to either arm A or B. @entity1 received @entity1311 (200 mg/m2, day 1) plus @entity3003 (AUC 6 mg/mL/min, day 1) every 3 weeks in arm A, or @entity136 (1000 mg/m2, days 1 and 8) plus @entity3003 (AUC 5 mg/mL/min, day1) every 3 weeks in arm B. Non-progressive @entity1 following 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy received maintenance @entity136 (1000 mg/m2, days 1 and 8) every 3 weeks. ( TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN000008252) RESULTS: The study was stopped because of delayed accrual at interim analysis. Of the randomly assigned 50 @entity1 , 49 except for one in arm B were evaluable. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.6 months for arm A vs. 3.5 months for arm B (HR   =   1.03; 95% CI, 0.45-2.27; p   =   0.95) and median overall survival (OS) was 15.0 months for arm A vs. 14.8 months for arm B (HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.40-1.51; p   =   0.60), showing no difference between the two arms. The response rate, disease control rate, and the transit rate to maintenance phase were 36.0% (9/25), 64.0% (16/25), and 48% (12/25) for arm A vs. 16.7% (4/24), 50.0% (12/24), and 33% (8/24) for arm B, which were also statistically similar between the two arms (p   =   0.13, p   =   0.32, and p   =   0.30, respectively). Both induction regimens were tolerable, except that more @entity1 experienced @entity1897 in arm A. @entity137 during the maintenance phase were also minimal. CONCLUSION: Survival and overall response were not significantly different between the two arms. @entity136 may be well-tolerable and feasible for maintenance therapy.

title: Randomized Phase II trial of @entity1311 and @entity3003 followed by @entity136 switch-maintenance therapy versus @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by @entity136 continuation-maintenance therapy in previously untreated advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['little toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor is the final common pathway of @entity1423 , regardless of the agonist, and thus represents an ideal therapeutic target for blocking @entity1186 . In this study, the anti-platelet and antithrombotic actions of Z4A5, a new glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, were evaluated in a @entity235 model of @entity1459 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Z4A5 was given i.v. as a bolus followed by 60 min of continuous infusion at doses of 30  g  kg      + 1  g  kg       min     , 30  g  kg      + 5  g  kg       min      or 300  g  kg      + 5  g  kg       min     . Its antithrombotic effect was evaluated in a model of @entity1186 , the injured, stenosed left circumflex coronary artery, in which platelet-dependent cyclic flow reductions (CFRs) were induced by @entity2850 and constriction to simulate clinical @entity1459 . Platelet aggregation and coagulation parameters were determined in platelet-rich plasma and platelet poor plasma respectively. KEY RESULTS: The Z4A5 infusion induced a dose-dependent reduction in CFR frequency, which returned to baseline levels after the termination of the infusion at low doses. At medium dose that inhibited most part of @entity1423 , it increased tongue bleeding time marginally with no dramatic changes in haemodynamic and coagulation parameters. Furthermore, the inhibition of @entity857 -induced @entity1423 and prolonged bleeding time observed during Z4A5 infusion reverted to baseline levels after the termination of the infusion. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Z4A5 is an effective antithrombotic agent for @entity1186 with a rapid-on and rapid-off pharmacological profile, and could be used as an alternative treatment of @entity453 .

title: Antithrombotic effect of Z4A5 on XXXX in a @entity235 model of @entity1459 .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['vascular compression']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['acute unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombosis', 'coronary artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery ischaemic syndromes']

answer: @entity1186 :: (MESH:D003328,Disease) :: ['coronary thrombosis']


abstract: Classical conditioning of the mollusc, Hermissenda crassicornis, is a model system used to study cellular correlates of associative learning. Paired presentation of light and turbulence, but not unpaired presentations, causes Hermissenda to contract its foot in response to light alone. Intracellular recordings from the type B photoreceptors of the Hermissenda eye reveal a learning specific increase of input resistance, and a reduction of voltage-dependent @entity972 currents, both of which depend on an elevation of intracellular @entity460 . Two previously demonstrated sources of @entity460 are influx through voltage-dependent channels, and release of @entity460 from intracellular stores through the @entity9197 channel. Both modeling studies and identification of memory-related genes using RNA fingerprinting suggest that a third source of @entity460 , release from intracellular stores through the @entity8452 receptor, may be involved in classical conditioning. We describe here an experiment suggesting that this third source of @entity460 is necessary for the cellular changes underlying associative memory storage. Paired presentations of a light stimulus with a turbulence stimulus resulted in a significant increase in input resistance. Unpaired presentations of light and turbulence did not produce a significant increase in input resistance. A third group of nervous systems first was incubated in @entity592 to block release of @entity460 through the @entity8452 receptor, and then received paired training. There was no change in input resistance for this group. The effect of @entity592 on light adaptation of the photoreceptor was assessed by measuring the generator potential of a second light pulse presented some number of seconds after a first light pulse. The results show that at interpulse intervals of 5 s, 10 s and 20 s, the generator potential of the @entity592 group is significantly greater than that of the control group. These results suggest a role for the @entity8452 receptor in both a cellular correlate of classical conditioning and light adaptation.

title: XXXX receptor modulation of in vitro associative learning in Hermissenda crassicornis.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene']

answer: @entity8452 :: (MESH:D012433,Chemical) :: ['Ryanodine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Snakebites that have cytotoxic venom can cause significant soft tissue @entity4 . Assessing the site and degree of @entity4 using ultrasound as a non-invasive technique would be an important tool for instituting appropriate treatment. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 who presented to a referral hospital in South Africa with cytotoxic @entity4 of the limbs from snakebite were assessed using ultrasound. The envenomed limb of each @entity1 was scanned at the point of maximal @entity4 and compared with the unaffected limb at the same site. Data were presented as an expansion coefficient defined as the ratio of the thickness of tissue structure (subcutaneous tissue or muscle compartment) in the envenomed limb to that in the unaffected limb. A p value of 0.05 was regarded as significant, and 95% CIs were expressed throughout. RESULTS: The majority of bites were in the upper limb (27/42). Twenty-five @entity1 were @entity1 less than 12   years. Tissue expansion was noted in both the subcutaneous and muscle compartments of the envenomed limbs. The site of @entity4 was predominantly in the subcutaneous tissues, while @entity4 in muscle compartment was limited (the mean expansion coefficient for subcutaneous tissues was 2.0 (CI 1.7 to 2.3) vs 1.06 (CI 1.0 to 1.1), respectively). The difference between the groups was significant (p<001). One case, confirmed as compartment syndrome, showed marked @entity4 in the muscle group. CONCLUSIONS: Basic ultrasound techniques may be used to identify the site and degree of tissue @entity4 from cytotoxic envenomation. It is a non-invasive, painless procedure that can assist the clinician to assess the injured limb and may also be of benefit to monitor the progression of @entity4 .

title: Ultrasound findings in 42 XXXX with cytotoxic tissue damage following bites by South African snakes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP) has gained popularity within the last 2  years because it is a restrictive procedure that reduces gastric volume without the need for stomach resection. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in which 55 morbidly @entity28 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (44 female, 11 male) underwent LGCP. The @entity1 had a mean age of 38.5  years (22-55  years), mean BMI of 43.5  kg/m(2) (35-52  kg/m(2)), and mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.9  % (6-10  %). RESULTS: All procedures were completed laparoscopically. The mean operative time was 55  min (40-80  min), and the mean hospital stay was 1.8  days (1.5-5  days). No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported apart from three cases of resistant @entity390 and @entity391 and one case of @entity548 . The mean excess @entity353 (EWL%) was 35  % (30-65  %) after 12  months with a mean BMI of 38  kg/m(2) after 12  months. A total of 23  % of @entity1 stopped losing weight 6  months after the procedure, and 11  % began regaining about 14  % (12-20  %) of their EWL 9  months after the procedure. The mean HbA1c was 7.5  % (5.5-8  %) after 12  months. CONCLUSIONS: LGCP is feasible and safe in the short term when applied to morbidly @entity28 @entity1 , but may be unsustainable. It is inferior as a restrictive procedure for resolution of @entity164 2 @entity6 . Longer follow-up and prospective comparative trials are needed to clarify whether it can be considered an effective single-stage procedure for treating morbidly @entity28 @entity6 @entity1 and their comorbidities.

title: Efficacy of laparoscopic greater curvature plication for XXXX : 1-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraluminal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss and type 2 diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of resuscitation with @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ) on the innate immune response after injury. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1457 causes a whole body @entity63 /reperfusion injury, leading to dysregulation of the inflammatory response and @entity881 . @entity4372 has been shown to modulate the innate immune response in vitro and in animal models of @entity548 , but the effect on the inflammatory response in @entity1 is largely unknown. METHODS: Serial blood samples were drawn (12, 24, 72 hours and 7 days after injury) from @entity1 enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of traumatic @entity1457 , @entity4372 (250 mL) versus lactated Ringer's solution (LR) as the initial resuscitation fluid. Neutrophil (PMN) @entity9536 / @entity1454 expression was assessed via whole blood FACS analysis with and without stimulation (fMLP 5 micromol/L or PMA 5 micromol/L). PMN respiratory burst was assessed using the @entity2387 assay. Monocytes stimulated with 100 ng @entity558 for 18 hours were assessed for cytokine production ( @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity688 , IL-12). RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 (36 @entity4372 , 26 LR) and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. @entity9536 expression, 12 hours after injury, was increased 1.5-fold in @entity1 resuscitated with LR compared with controls. Those resuscitated with @entity4372 had a significant reduction in @entity9536 expression 12 hours after injury, compared with LR. There was no difference in respiratory burst early after injury. Monocytes from injured @entity1 expressed lower levels of all cytokines in comparison to normal controls. @entity1 give @entity4372 showed a trend toward higher levels of @entity1356 and @entity688 production in response to @entity558 , 12 hours after injury. CONCLUSION: @entity4372 resuscitation results in transient inhibition of PMN @entity9536 expression and partial restoration of the normal monocyte phenotype early after injury.

title: Hypertonic resuscitation modulates the inflammatory response in @entity1 with traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Hypovolemic shock', 'hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitro-blue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic saline/dextran', 'HSD', 'Hypertonicity']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: Ischemic @entity65 is a common age-related disease. The @entity10740 -dependent @entity299 induced by @entity741 /reperfusion (MI/R) is an important feature in the progression of @entity741 . In the present studies, we hypothesized that inhibition of @entity10740 -dependent myocyte apoptosis may improve @entity299 in aged @entity35 after MI/R. A dose (2.2 mg/kg, i.p.) of @entity12559 -alpha ( @entity15795 ), a @entity10740 inhibitor, or saline was administered to 20-month-old male F344 @entity35 , which were subjected to 30 min of @entity741 by ligating the left main coronary artery, followed by release of the ligature and 4 h of reperfusion. Results of our experiments indicate that MI/R induced a significant decrease in cardiac output index (CI) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Administration of @entity15795 to aged @entity35 40 min before @entity63 significantly improved CI and MABP during 3 to 4 h of reperfusion. The improvement of cardiac function was associated with a marked reduction in DNA fragmentation in the area at risk of the heart when compared with aged MI/ @entity5698 pretreated with saline. Interestingly, treatment with @entity15795 10 min after @entity63 or 10 min after reperfusion had a similar protective effect on CI and MABP, but this effect did not reach statistical significance when compared with aged MI/ @entity5698 pretreated with saline. Treatment with @entity15795 , however, did not influence plasma @entity908 kinase activity and the number of circulating leukocytes and infiltrated leukocytes in the area at risk of the heart. Moreover, results of Western blot show that pretreatment with @entity15795 significantly attenuated the ratio of @entity2310 to @entity1976 in the area-at-risk tissue of the heart compared with that of @entity35 pretreated with saline. Our results suggest that pretreatment with @entity15795 significantly improved cardiac function. The mechanism of protective effect of @entity15795 may involve the inhibition of @entity10740 transcriptional function, thereby attenuating the @entity10740 / @entity2310 -mediated myocyte apoptosis during the reperfusion period.

title: XXXX -alpha attenuates @entity10740 -mediated apoptosis and improves cardiac function in response to @entity741 /reperfusion in aged @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity12559 :: ('MESH:C121565', 'Chemical') :: ['pifithrin']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac myocyte apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity12559 :: (MESH:C121565,Chemical) :: ['Pifithrin']


abstract: @entity209 ( @entity209 ) is characterized by an increased risk of incident @entity6 and cardiovascular (CV) events, identifying insulin resistance (IR) and @entity409 as key elements. Moreover, @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is bidirectionally linked with @entity209 as a consequence of metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities. We addressed the question if the evolution in @entity1561 might worsen endothelium-dependent vasodilating response in @entity209 @entity101 . We recruited 272 Caucasian newly-diagnosed never-treated @entity101 outpatients divided into three groups according to the presence/absence of @entity209 alone or in combination with @entity1561 . @entity209 and @entity1561 were defined according to the National @entity165 Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) and @entity1560 index, respectively. We determined IR by using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. Vascular function, as forearm blood flow (FBF), was determined through strain-gauge plethysmography after intra-arterial infusion of @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) and @entity1854 . @entity209 + @entity1561 + group showed worse metabolic, inflammatory and vascular profiles compared with @entity209 - @entity1561 - and @entity209 + @entity1561 -. HOMA resulted in being the strongest predictor of FBF both in the @entity209 + @entity1561 - and in the @entity209 + @entity1561 + groups, accounting for 20.5% and 33.2% of its variation, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated that @entity209 + @entity1561 + @entity101 show a worse endothelium-dependent vasodilation compared with @entity209 + @entity1561 -, allowing for consideration of @entity1561 as an early marker of @entity409 in @entity101 .

title: Additive Effect of Non-Alcoholic Fatty XXXX on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Endothelial Dysfunction in @entity101 Patients.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['non-invasive fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prognostic indicators for @entity1 with @entity201 have not been confirmed because of its rarity. The aim of this study was to identify useful prognostic factors in @entity1 undergoing surgical resection for @entity201 . METHODS: Charts of 43 @entity1 with @entity201 who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed in 35 @entity1 , and segmental bile duct resection in 8. Potential clinicopathological prognostic factors were examined by univariate and multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS: @entity260 occurred after surgery in 19 @entity1 (44%), but there was no mortality. Overall survival rates were 72%, 53%, and 44% for 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively (median survival time, 26.0 months). Univariate analysis found that older age, pathological pancreatic invasion, lymph node @entity3 , perineural invasion, positive surgical margin, and @entity2802 stages II and III were significant predictors of poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, lymph node @entity3 and positive surgical margin were found to be significant independent predictors of poor prognosis with a Cox proportional hazards regression model (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lymph node @entity3 and positive surgical margin as determined by surgical resection might be useful in predicting post-surgical outcome in @entity1 with @entity201 .

title: Prognostic significance of lymph node @entity3 and surgical margin status for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['distal cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['distal cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stress is thought to be one of the triggers of relapses in @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). We examined the rate of relapse in @entity29 @entity1 before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS: 13 hospitals in Japan. @entity1 : 546 @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 357 @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 who received outpatient and inpatient care at 13 hospitals located in the area that were seriously damaged by the earthquake. Data on @entity1 's clinical characteristics, disease activity and deleterious effects of the earthquake were obtained from questionnaires and hospital records. PRIMARY OUTCOME: We evaluated the relapse rate (from inactive to active) across two consecutive months before and two consecutive months after the earthquake. In this study, we defined 'active' as conditions with a partial Mayo score=2 or more ( @entity31 ) or a Harvey-Bradshaw index=6 or more ( @entity30 ). RESULTS: Among the @entity31 @entity1 , disease was active in 167 @entity1 and inactive in 379 @entity1 before the earthquake. After the earthquake, the activity scores increased significantly (p<0.0001). A total of 86 @entity1 relapsed (relapse rate=15.8%). The relapse rate was about twice that of the corresponding period in the previous year. Among the @entity30 @entity1 , 86 @entity1 had active disease and 271 had inactive disease before the earthquake. After the earthquake, the activity indices changed little. A total of 25 @entity1 experienced a relapse (relapse rate=7%). The relapse rate did not differ from that of the corresponding period in the previous year. Multivariate analyses revealed that @entity31 , changes in dietary oral intake and @entity148 about family finances were associated with the relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Life-event stress induced by the Great East Japan Earthquake was associated with relapse in @entity31 but not @entity30 .

title: Life-event stress induced by the Great East Japan Earthquake was associated with relapse in @entity31 but not XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antipsychotics are frequently and often long-term used for challenging behaviour in @entity1 with @entity717 ( @entity717 ), but the evidence base for this is meagre. As these agents may cause harmful side effects, discontinuation should be considered. Previous studies regarding discontinuation of long-term used antipsychotics mostly were uncontrolled and involved small numbers. The primary objective was to investigate the effects of controlled discontinuation of antipsychotics prescribed for challenging behaviour. Secondary objectives were to compare the results of two discontinuation time schedules, to compare groups of @entity1 who had and had not achieved complete discontinuation, and to identify @entity1 and medication characteristics that might predict the outcomes. Our hypothesis was that discontinuation of antipsychotics used for behavioural symptoms would not lead to worsening in behaviour. METHODS: This was a multi-centre parallel-group study comparing two discontinuation schedules of 14 and 28 weeks. Allocation to the two discontinuation schedules took place in a 1:1 ratio. Antipsychotics were tapered off every 2 or 4 weeks with approximately 12.5% of the initial dosage. Follow-up was 12 weeks after the scheduled complete discontinuation, that is, 26 or 40 weeks after the first dose reduction, respectively. Discontinuation was stopped in case of significant behavioural worsening. @entity1 were 98 residents with @entity717 of three care providing organisations in the Netherlands, aged 15-66 year, who had used for more than 1 year one or more of the six most frequently prescribed antipsychotics for challenging behaviour. Main outcome measure was the total score of the @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ); also @entity2008 sub-scales were used. RESULTS: Of 98 @entity1 , 43 achieved complete discontinuation; at follow-up 7 had resumed use of antipsychotics. Mean @entity2008 ratings improved significantly for those who achieved complete discontinuation (directly after discontinuation, P   <   0.01 and at follow-up, P   =   0.03), and at follow-up (P   =   0.03) for those who had not achieved complete discontinuation. Similar results were found with respect to most @entity2008 sub-scales, including the ' @entity146 ' sub-scale. There were no significant differences in improvement of @entity2008 ratings between both discontinuation schedules. Higher ratings of extrapyramidal and autonomic symptoms at baseline were associated with less improvement of behavioural symptoms after discontinuation; higher baseline @entity2008 rating predicted higher odds of incomplete discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuation of antipsychotics prescribed for challenging behaviour in @entity1 with @entity717 is associated with improved behavioural functioning. There is no need to taper off in a time frame longer than 14 weeks.

title: Effects of controlled discontinuation of long-term used antipsychotics for behavioural symptoms in individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Aberrant Behaviour Checklist', 'ABC']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: AIM: The @entity137 of four dental compounds, @entity8156 , @entity3276 , @entity4744 and phtharal towards @entity1 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) cell lines, normal @entity1 oral cells (gingival fibroblast, pulp cell, periodontal ligament fibroblast) and skin keratinocytes was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Viable cell number was determined by the @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) method. The concentration that reduced the viable cells by 50% (CC(50)) and the concentration that increased the viability of UV-irradiated cells to 50% (EC(50)) were determined from the dose-response curves. The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was determined by the ratio of the mean CC(50) for normal cells to the one for @entity5 cells. Apoptosis induction was monitored by assay of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and @entity522 /-7 activation. RESULTS: When both oral @entity957 and normal oral cells were incubated for 4 h with any of @entity8156 , @entity3276 , @entity4744 and phtharal, irreversible cell growth inhibition, accompanied by cell death occurred without induction of apoptotic markers, although @entity31373 activation was observed at 6 h or later. These compounds exhibited very low @entity5 -specificity ( @entity5 =0.4-1.3), as compared with anticancer drugs ( @entity1487 , @entity3601 , @entity6030 ) ( @entity5 =4.1-9.7). @entity1 skin keratinocytes were the most resistant to these drugs, and a long incubation time was required to induce irreversible growth inhibition. However, all dental compounds exhibited very low @entity5 -specificity ( @entity5 =0.4-2.4), compared to @entity1 skin keratinocytes and @entity957 cell lines. None of the dental compounds exhibited any hormetic growth stimulation, nor protected the cells from UV-induced damage. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that apoptosis is not involved in the early stage of growth inhibition induced by dental compounds.

title: XXXX of dental compounds towards @entity1 @entity957 and normal oral cells.

entities_list: @entity3276 :: ('MESH:C004532', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoquinone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-specificity index', 'tumor', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity6030 :: ('MESH:D017663', 'Chemical') :: ['peplomycin']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sixteen @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3052 between 1997 and 2002 lived in Churchill County, Nevada, at the time of or before their illness. Considering the county population and statewide @entity5 rate, fewer than two cases would be expected. OBJECTIVES: In March 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention led federal, state, and local agencies in a cross-sectional, case-comparison study to determine if ongoing environmental exposures posed a health risk to residents and to compare levels of contaminants in environmental and biologic samples collected from participating families. METHODS: Surveys with more than 500 variables were administered to 205 @entity1 in 69 families. Blood, urine, and cheek cell samples were collected and analyzed for 139 chemicals, eight viral markers, and several genetic polymorphisms. Air, water, soil, and dust samples were collected from almost 80 homes to measure more than 200 chemicals. RESULTS: The scope of this @entity5 cluster investigation exceeded any previous study of @entity1778 . Nonetheless, no exposure consistent with @entity1778 risk was identified. Overall, @entity5335 and @entity3494 levels in urine and water samples were significantly higher than national comparison values; however, levels were similar among case and comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although the cases in this @entity5 cluster may in fact have a common etiology, their small number and the length of time between diagnosis and our exposure assessment lessen the ability to find an association between @entity1778 and environmental exposures. Given the limitations of individual @entity5 cluster investigations, it may prove more efficient to pool laboratory and questionnaire data from similar @entity1778 clusters.

title: Investigating XXXX in Churchill County, Nevada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'pediatric leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The p53 pathways play an important role in @entity105 . In mammals, p53 and p53 target genes have been extensively studied, but little is known about their functions and regulation in fish. In this study, the cDNA fragments of p53 network genes, including p53, p21, mdm2, gadd45a, gadd45b, igfbp-3, and bax, were cloned from Chinese rare minnow ( @entity19756 ). These genes displayed high @entity3689 sequence identities with their @entity3392 orthologs. The mRNA levels of p53 network genes and pathological changes in the liver were determined after adult rare minnow were exposed to 0.4, 2, and 10   g/L of @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) for 28 days. The results showed that p53, p21, mdm2, gadd45a, and bax mRNA expressions in the livers from males and females were significantly upregulated compared with those of the controls (p   <   0.05), but gadd45b and igfbp-3 expression was not significantly changed. Microphotographs revealed enlargement of the cell nuclei and cellular degeneration in males, while atrophy and vacuolization of hepatocytes were observed in females (10   g/L). These results suggested that @entity3015 induced liver DNA repair and apoptosis pathways and caused adverse pathological changes in rare minnow. The strongly responsive p53 network genes in the livers suggest that rare minnow is suitable as an experimental fish to screen environmental carcinogens. In addition, the p53 network genes in rare minnow could feasibly be used to identify the mechanism of environmental @entity105 .    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 979-988, 2017.

title: @entity3014 induced p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis pathways in Chinese rare minnow ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity19756 :: ('143606', 'Species') :: ['Gobiocypris rarus']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity19756 :: (143606,Species) :: ['Gobiocypris rarus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Second @entity5 status is a risk factor for @entity204 in adolescent and young adults (AYAs) (ages 15-39) with @entity259 ( @entity259 ). This study investigates whether age at primary @entity5 (PM) is an independent predictor of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for AYA @entity1 diagnosed with secondary @entity259 who have survived >= 5 years from their PM. METHODS: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program (SEER) multiple-primary session (SEER-9 [1973-2010] and SEER-13 [1992-2010]) identified all secondary TCs in @entity1 <40 years of age who were also 5-year survivors. @entity1 with a thyroid second @entity5 (SMN) diagnosed as an AYA were categorized by age at PM (pediatric <15 years vs. AYA). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional analysis determined @entity1349 . RESULTS: Four hundred twenty-eight cases of secondary AYA TCs in 5-year @entity5 survivors were identified; 71 had a pediatric PM and 357 an AYA PM. Median @entity1349 after a pediatric PM was 35.76 years and 33.22 years after an AYA-PM (p   =   0.023); only one @entity204 was due to @entity259 . Race, site and stage of PM, marital status, and three or more independent PMs also influenced @entity1349 (all p   <   0.05). However, @entity259 characteristics, stage, and treatment did not affect @entity1349 . Cox regression demonstrated that @entity1 with an AYA PM had a 5.84 relative risk of @entity204 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.81-18.91) compared to @entity1 with a pediatric PM. Among AYAs who develop a @entity259 as a second PM, @entity1349 is not affected by the @entity259 . The @entity1349 for these @entity1 is associated with their demographics and the characteristics of their PM: @entity1 who are black, male, have three or more @entity5 , and a higher stage of their first @entity5 are more likely to die. CONCLUSION: For AYA @entity1 with thyroid SMNs, having a prior AYA PM (compared to a pediatric PM), Black race, and having three or more independent @entity5 predicted a decreased @entity1349 , independent of PM type or PM/SMN stage.

title: Age at Primary Malignancy Determines Survival in Adolescent and Young Adults That Develop a Secondary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignant neoplasm', 'primary cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'TC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incidence of @entity260 ( @entity260 ) in @entity1 undergoing non-cardiothoracic surgery remains high and the occurrence of these complications has enormous implications for the @entity1 and the health care system. AIM: The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for @entity260 in @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study in abdominal surgical @entity1 , admitted to the emergency and surgical ward of the UHC of Tirana, Albania, was conducted during the period: March 2014-March 2015. We collected data on the occurrence of a symptomatic and clinically significant @entity260 using clinical, laboratory, and radiology data. We evaluated the relations between PPCs and various pre-operative or intra-operative factors to identify risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 450 postoperative @entity1 admitted to the surgical emergency and surgical ward were studied. The mean age were 59.85   13.64 years with 59.3% being male. Incidence of @entity260 was 27.3% (123 @entity1 ) and hospital length of stay was 4.93    4.65 days. Length of stay was substantially prolonged for those @entity1 who developed @entity260 (7.48    2.89 days versus 3.97   4.83 days, p < 0.0001. @entity260 were identified as risk factors for mortality, OR: 21.84; 95% CI: 11.66-40.89; P < 0.0001. The multivariate regression analysis identified as being independently associated with an increased risk of @entity260 : age >=  65 years (OR 11.41; 95% CI: 4.84-26.91, p < 0.0001), duration of operation >=  2.5 hours (OR 8.38; 95% CI: 1.52-46.03, p = 0.01, history of previous @entity358 (OR 11.12; 95% CI: 3.28-37.65, P = 0.0001) and ASA > 2 (OR 6.37; 95% CI: 1.54-26.36, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: We must do some efforts in reducing @entity260 , firstly to identify which @entity1 are at increased risk, and then following more closely high-risk @entity1 because those @entity1 are most likely to benefit.

title: Risk Factors for XXXX after Abdominal Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary complications', 'PPC']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Pulmonary Complications']


abstract: @entity291 capillary endothelial (BCE) cells were incubated at 4 degrees C with 5 ng/ml @entity12270 ( @entity12270 ) to equilibrate 125I- @entity12270 with high affinity cell surface receptors and low affinity matrix binding sites. 67% of the added 125I- @entity12270 bound to the matrix and 7% bound to receptors. The fate of bound @entity12270 was followed after cells were incubated in @entity12270 -free medium and were shifted to 37 degrees C to restore cell metabolism. 125I- @entity12270 bound to receptors decreased rapidly while the amount of 125I- @entity12270 bound to matrix was reduced more slowly. The rapid decrease in receptor-bound 125I- @entity12270 appeared to be due to a down-regulation of @entity12270 receptors; cells that had been treated for 5 h with @entity12270 had 60% fewer high affinity receptors than untreated cells. Despite the initial high level of 125I- @entity12270 binding to matrix, most of this 125I- @entity12270 was mobilized and metabolized by the cells. 125I- @entity12270 was internalized by the cells at 37 degrees C, leading to a constant accumulation of 125I- @entity12270 within the cell. Internalized @entity12270 was rapidly cleaved from an 18-kD form to a 16-kD form. The 16-kD form was more slowly degraded with a half-life of approximately 8 h. Degradation of internalized 125I- @entity12270 was inhibited by @entity503 , suggesting that the digestion occurred in a lysosomal compartment. The role of matrix binding sites in the internalization process was investigated. Binding to matrix sites seemed not to be directly involved in the internalization process, since addition of heparin at a concentration that blocked 95% of the binding to matrix had no effect on the initial rate of internalization of @entity12270 . BCE cells also released a substance that competed for the binding of @entity12270 to matrix but not to receptors. This substance bound to @entity8851 -cellulose and was sensitive to heparinase treatment, suggesting that it was a heparinlike molecule. Thus, heparinlike molecules produced by BCE cells can modulate the cellular interaction with @entity12270 . Matrix-associated heparinlike molecules bind @entity12270 which can later be metabolized by the cell, and secreted heparinlike molecules release @entity12270 from matrices.

title: Metabolism of receptor-bound and matrix-bound basic fibroblast growth factor by XXXX capillary endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity12270 :: ('281161(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['125I-basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of acute cervical @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) associated with preexisting @entity850 remains to be established. The objective of this study is to examine whether early surgical decompression (within 24 hours after admission) would result in greater improvement in motor function compared with delayed surgery (later than two weeks) in cervical @entity1566 @entity1 presenting with @entity850 , but without @entity130 . METHODS/DESIGN: OSCIS is a randomized, controlled, parallel-group, assessor-blinded, multicenter trial. We will recruit 100 cervical @entity1566 @entity1 who are admitted within 48 hours of @entity130 (aged 20 to 79 years; without @entity174 or @entity3029 ; American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) grade C; preexisting @entity612 ). @entity1 will be enrolled from 36 participating hospitals across Japan and randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either early surgical decompression (within 24 hours after admission) or delayed surgery following at least two weeks of conservative treatment. The primary outcomes include: 1) the change from baseline to one year in the ASIA motor score; 2) the total score of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure and 3) the proportion of @entity1 who are able to walk without @entity1 assistance. The secondary outcomes are: 1) the health-related quality of life as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 and the EuroQol 5 Dimension; 2) the @entity9 Symptom Inventory and 3) the walking status as evaluated with the Walking Index for @entity1566 II. The analysis will be on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary analysis will be a comparison of the primary and secondary outcomes one year after the @entity130 . DISCUSSION: The results of this study will provide evidence of the potential benefit of early surgical decompression compared to the current 'watch and wait' strategy.

title: Optimal treatment for @entity1566 associated with cervical XXXX (OSCIS): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing early versus delayed surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic Pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bony injury', 'injury']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['canal stenosis']


abstract: The studies presented in this report describe an initial characterization of cell types derived from explants of @entity1 periodontia. Cell cultures were established from @entity1 periodontal ligament (PL4, PL7), gingival tissue (GF2), and alveolar bone ( @entity23380 ) by means of explant techniques and monolayer culture. Cells were studied at passage numbers 2-4 and were characterized on the basis of morphological, biochemical, and proliferative parameters. Subconfluent cells did not have distinct morphologies useful in distinguishing them from one another. At confluence, PL4 and @entity23380 cells formed multilayered cultures of randomly oriented cells, while PL7 and GF2 cells grew in a monolayer of parallel cells. Biochemically, PL4 and @entity23380 cells exhibited characteristics consistent with an osteoblast-like phenotype. These included a significant increase in @entity461 -stimulated @entity1919 and high basal levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, which were decreased on exposure to @entity461 and increased after stimulation by 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. In contrast, PL7 and GF2 cells exhibited basal alkaline phosphatase levels that were low, and @entity1919 levels were not modulated by @entity461 stimulation. Cell populations PL7 and GF2 did not proliferate in culture medium supplemented with 3% platelet-poor plasma. After the addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to this medium, the proliferation of these cell populations was equal to that in media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. In contrast, PL4 and @entity23380 cells did proliferate in culture medium supplemented with 3% platelet-poor plasma. The addition of PDGF to the medium resulted in only a moderate increase in the proliferation of cell populations PL4 and @entity23380 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Initial characterization of cells derived from XXXX periodontia.

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to evaluate the prognostic role of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in recipients of definitive chemoradiotherapy (ChRT) for @entity5 . METHODS: In 235 @entity1 given definitive ChRT for histologically confirmed @entity5 , clinical data and pretreatment complete blood cell counts were analyzed. Prognostic and therapeutic ramifications of NLR and PLR were assessed. RESULTS: Median pretreatment NLR and PLR were 3.03 (range, 1.04-13.03) and 133.02 (range, 36.3-518.16), respectively. Both NLR and PLR correlated significantly with @entity5 size, lymph node @entity3 , and treatment response. In addition to NLR and PLR, @entity5 stage, size, and nodal @entity3 were identified by univariate analysis as significant predictors of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). By multivariate analysis, independent predictors of @entity1349 and PFS were NLR ( @entity1349 : hazard ratio [HR], 3.322; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.905-5.790; PFS: HR,   3.579; 95% CI, 2.106-6.082; both P < 0.001) and lymph node @entity3 ( @entity1349 : HR, 2.620; 95% CI, 1.706-4.023; PFS: HR,   2.989; 95% CI, 1.918-4.378; both P < 0.001), although @entity1 ' age (HR,   1.019; 95% CI, 1.003-1.035; P = 0.02) was also significantly predictive of @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment NLR and PLR were associated with larger @entity5 , lymph node @entity3 , and poorer therapeutic responses to definitive ChRT. By multivariate analysis, pretreatment NLR and lymph node @entity3 were found independently predictive of @entity1349 and PFS, whereas @entity1 ' age was significantly predictive of @entity1349 only. In @entity1 with @entity5 , NLR is a potential biomarker, serving to guide systemic therapy and predict treatment outcomes.

title: Prognostic Use of Pretreatment Hematologic Parameters in XXXX Receiving Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1897 with persistent conduction block (MMN) is a rare clinical entity, mimicking @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ). In order to research which are the most frequent nerves and segments where conduction block (CB) can be identified, we reviewed the clinical and neurophysiological data of nine @entity1 with MMN who were studied and followed by the authors. Weakness and @entity2057 of the dominant hand was the most frequent presentation. Lower limbs were involved later in the disease evolution. The ulnar and median nerves were the most affected nerves. They had conduction blocks mostly at the forearm and at @entity1783 's point-elbow (or above elbow) segments. Both common peroneal and tibial nerves were frequently affected at their distal segments, but proximal segments were also probably involved. The presence of anti-GM1 antibodies was variable, and their determination was not essential for the diagnosis of MMN. Eight @entity1 given IV immunoglobulin therapy had no disease progression. One @entity1 was responsive to corticosteroids. The CB identification in our @entity1 allowed us to clearly distinguish MMN from @entity4681 . The good prognosis and need for management with IV immunoglobulin, support the crucial role of a careful neurophysiological study to diagnose this clinical entity.

title: @entity1897 mimicking XXXX : nine cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['MND', 'motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Multifocal motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['motor neuron disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clearance of chylomicron remnants was assessed in normolipaemic, @entity28 male subjects by monitoring the plasma kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo) B48, @entity6247 and @entity412 after a lipid meal. Regression analysis of fasting plasma apo B48 with the area under the post-prandial curves of apo B48, @entity15994 and @entity412 was carried out in order to determine whether the post-prandial response could be predicted by the fasting concentration of this exclusive chylomicron marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fasted subjects were given an oral fat load supplemented with @entity6247 , and blood samples were drawn over a 10-h period. @entity755 was determined by Western blotting in the plasma density fraction less than 1.063 g mL-1. Plasma @entity6247 and @entity412 were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and colorimetric procedures respectively. The areas under the apo B48, @entity15994 and @entity412 curves were determined by integration. Relationships between the post-prandial response and the fasting concentration of @entity755 were assessed using least-squares regression analysis. RESULTS: We found a strong positive relationship between the fasting plasma concentration of apo B48 and the post-prandial kinetics of apo B48. Similarly, there was a positive relationship of fasting apo B48 with the @entity15994 area under the curve. Collectively, the data suggested that chylomicron remnant kinetics can be predicted based on the fasting level of apo B48. There was also a significant but weaker relationship of fasting apo B48 with post-prandial @entity412 kinetics, consistent with removal of this lipid by hydrolytic mechanisms in addition to particle uptake. CONCLUSION: The fasting plasma concentration of apo B48 appeared to be a good surrogate marker for the degree of @entity8447 and may circumvent the need for oral fat challenges. Moreover, in the fasting state apo B48 concentration is a marker of chylomicron remnants, which are considered to be the proatherogenic form of these intestinally derived lipoproteins.

title: Post-prandial chylomicron response may be predicted by a single measurement of plasma XXXX in the fasting state.

entities_list: @entity6247 :: ('MESH:C014794', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl palmitate']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidaemic and obese']

entities_list: @entity15994 :: ('CHEBI:16179', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl ester']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B48', 'Apolipoprotein B48']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity8447 :: ('MESH:D017169', 'Disease') :: ['post-prandial lipidaemia']

answer: @entity755 :: (338,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein B48']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report the results of an open trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) using exposure and ritual prevention as an adjunct to @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ). We hypothesized that exposure and ritual prevention would significantly reduce @entity3119 symptoms in @entity1 who remained symptomatic despite an adequate trial of an SRI and enable @entity1 to discontinue their medication. METHOD: @entity3119 @entity1 taking an adequate dose of an SRI > or = 12 weeks who remained symptomatic (i.e., a Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS] score > or = 16) were eligible. While taking a stable dose of an SRI, @entity1 received 17 sessions of exposure and ritual prevention. For the intent-to-treat group, the paired t test was used to compare scores on the Y-BOCS, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Global @entity3119 scale, the Clinical Global Impressions scale, and the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 before and after exposure and ritual prevention. RESULTS: Six of 7 eligible @entity1 entered the study, and 5 completed it. All 6 improved on all @entity3119 measures. The mean +/- SD Y-BOCS score was 23.8 +/- 2.6 prior to exposure and ritual prevention and 12.2 +/- 4.3 after it (p < .001). The mean percentage decrease on the Y-BOCS was 49% (range, 26%-61%). @entity1 were rated by the therapist and rated themselves as much (N = 4) or very much (N = 2) improved. Blood drug levels did not change in most @entity1 during exposure and ritual prevention; thus, the improvement was attributed to this type of therapy. No @entity1 discontinued their medication. CONCLUSION: This open trial suggests that CBT using exposure and ritual prevention can lead to a significant reduction in @entity3119 symptoms in @entity1 who remain symptomatic despite an adequate trial of an SRI.

title: Cognitive-behavioral therapy as an adjunct to XXXX reuptake inhibitors in @entity3119 : an open trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity38324 polymorphism in the @entity2162 gene encoding @entity2162 ( @entity2162 ) has its functional consequence in declining ligand-receptor interactions and depressed coupling of @entity2162 to adenylcyclase. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the possible association of @entity38324 polymorphism with @entity565 susceptibility, pharmacogenetic response to @entity3045 and varying degrees of severity. METHODS: Three hundred and ninety eight clinically diagnosed @entity1 and four hundred and fifty six healthy controls were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were classified into severity classes according to the Global Initiative for @entity565 (GINA) guidelines. To assess bronchodilator response, spirometry was performed before and 15min after @entity3045 (200 g) delivery. Responders to @entity3045 were categorized if percentage reversibility was greater than or equal to 12% in them, while those showing reversibility <12% were classified as non-responders. Further, responding phenotypes were stratified into severity groups. Genotyping was carried out by ARMS-PCR technique. Statistical methods were applied to test the significance of the results. RESULTS: In the present study, polymorphism was not associated with disease susceptibility however; there was significant association with non-responding @entity748 . In case of severity subsets, the polymorphism was not associated with milder subtypes; although, notable association was observed with moderate and severe @entity565 subtypes. In addition, the polymorphism was significantly associated with non-responding @entity1 with severe @entity565 . CONCLUSIONS: In south Indian population, the @entity2162 @entity38324 polymorphism may not form susceptible variant to develop @entity565 , however, it can form a predictive maker for bronchodilator ( @entity3045 ) response in severe @entity748 .

title: Association of @entity2162 ( @entity38324 ) polymorphism with @entity3045 refractoriness in severe XXXX from Indian population.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['ADRB2', 'b2 adrenergic receptor', 'b2AR']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity38324 :: ('p|SUB|T|164|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr164Ile']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: Ten @entity1 with @entity75 occurring as an insidious complication of @entity2267 coincidentally discovered at the time of surgery are described. Four had previous surgery, six did not. A history of @entity130 was othwise absent. @entity2972 did not occur. Our method of management is described. Pathology and pathogenesis are discussed. Three @entity1 had pedunculated @entity75 , while seven had @entity4888 . Granulation tissue appeared as an important part of the disease process. These may represent abortive attempts at @entity867 formation since the widespread use of antibiotics. Pacchionian bodies may also play a role in the pathogenesis.

title: @entity2267 and @entity75 ( XXXX cerebri).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse (fungoid) herniation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain hernia', 'brain hernias']

entities_list: @entity2972 :: ('MESH:D002558', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['chronic mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity2267 :: (MESH:D008417,Disease) :: ['mastoiditis']


abstract: A hospital-based case-control study of diet and @entity14 was conducted among Chinese in Singapore (who constitute 77% of the population). A total of 203 cases and 425 controls were included. A history of the usual dietary intake one year prior to interview was taken using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Daily intakes of nutrients and selected food items were computed and stratified by tertiles of the control range, to assess risk in low-, medium- and high-intake categories. Effects were adjusted in analysis for age, sex, Chinese dialect group and occupation. For @entity5 of colon and rectum combined, significant observations were a protective effect of high cruciferous vegetable intake (OR = 0.50, p less than 0.01) and a predisposing effect of a high meat/vegetable consumption ratio (OR = 1.77, p less than 0.05). Similar results were observed for @entity694 alone. For @entity5 alone (only 71 cases), significant (p less than 0.05) protective effects were observed for high intakes of protein (OR = 0.61), fibre (OR = 0.46), @entity2066 (OR = 0.54), cruciferous vegetables (OR = 0.51) and total vegetables (OR = 0.51). When further assessed by multiple logistic regression, tests for trend and assessment of risk in the extreme highest and lowest quintiles of the control range, the factors consistently significant were cruciferous vegetable intake and the meat/vegetable ratio. A particularly high relative risk was also noted in association with low coffee consumption (OR = 1.59, with p less than 0.05 for trend). No consistent trends were noted for fat or fibre intakes. For non-dietary variables investigated, a history of cholecystectomy increased the risk of both @entity5 combined (OR = 3.43, p less than 0.05) and @entity694 alone (OR = 4.39, p less than 0.01). This study in an Asian population of countries of Southern and Eastern Asia newly undergoing industrialization and in which rapid economic change is reflected in changing @entity5 patterns, suggests that the protective effects of certain dietary constituents, notably the cruciferous vegetables, may be more important than the hitherto stressed carcinogenic potential of fat and protein.

title: XXXX and diet in an Asian population--a case-control study among Singapore Chinese.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of acute @entity662 , elevation of the cardiac enzymes and biological markers of @entity32 suggests the diagnosis of @entity2401 . The aim of the present study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of the multidetectors cardiac tomodensitometry (MDCT) for the confirmation of this diagnosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: From October 2005 to April 2011, 39 @entity1 aged 15.4 to 75.7years (mean 43.3  15.1) underwent a MDCT for suspected @entity2401 ( @entity662 , elevation of troponin I, systemic @entity32 ). The electrocardiogram highlighted repolarization disorders in 27 (69%) @entity1 (negative T waves, elevation of ST segment). The MDCT consisted in a first acquisition phase (imaging of coronary arteries) followed 7minutes later by a late acquisition, with thicker slices (imaging of the myocardium). When the MDCT was performed after a coronary angiography, only the late acquisition was performed. Sixteen @entity1 then underwent a cardiac MRI. RESULTS: No significant coronary stenoses were found in all @entity1 . The MDCT showed homogeneous myocardial enhancement on the early acquisition. A subepicardial late enhancement was found in 30 (76.9%) @entity1 . The subepicardial enhancement was mainly found in the lateral myocardium. In @entity1 who underwent cardiac MRI and MDCT (n=16), there was a good correlation between the enhanced segments. MDCT found differential diagnosis in 11 @entity1 ( @entity583 , @entity661 ). CONCLUSION: The ECG-gated MDCT is a non-invasive and reliable diagnostic tool in @entity1 with suspected @entity2401 . It allows at the same time to rule out a significant @entity301 , when no coronary angiography was performed, and to show subepicardial enhancement confirming the diagnosis of @entity2401 . While cardiac MRI remains the gold standard, MDCT could prove useful when there is no access to or contraindication for an MRI, studying both the coronary arteries and the myocardium.

title: [Contribution of 64-slice cardiac tomodensitometry for non-invasive diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Tako-Tsubo']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'acute myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['acute myocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6311 ( @entity6311 ) is a @entity2118 that occurs predominantly on the dorsa of the hands, the forearms and the face; its incidence increases with age. Histological hallmarks of @entity75 are @entity2117 of the epidermis and elongation of the epidermal rete ridges. Various factors such as @entity4545 , @entity2232 or @entity6826 are involved in the onset and maintenance of the increased pigmentation. Alterations of the dermal compartment have not yet been analysed in detail in @entity6311 . OBJECTIVES: To study the occurrence and distribution of melanin in the dermis from @entity6311 and aged skin, biopsies from 12 subjects were morphologically analysed by light and electron microscopy in comparison with unaffected skin. METHODS: Punch biopsies of @entity6311 and adjacent skin from 12 male or female volunteers aged 52-81 years were prepared for light and electron microscopy and samples were analysed by morphological, morphometric, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: The epidermis from @entity6311 revealed morphological features such as @entity2117 of basal keratinocytes and the formation of elongated rete ridges. S100+ melanocytes in the stratum basale were not markedly increased, indicating that the @entity2117 is predominantly due to changes in melanin synthesis, distribution or turnover. Quantification of epidermal cells expressing the proliferation marker Ki67 did not show an increase of this parameter in @entity6311 , indicating that at least in the established lesion cell proliferation is not enhanced. We further focused on the dermal compartment and observed granulated cells which were more abundant in @entity6311 . Electron microscopic and histochemical analysis revealed that the granulation of these cells is based on melanosomes, mostly present in large melanosomal complexes. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies to @entity469 and @entity21939 ( @entity21939 ) showed these melanophages to be predominantly @entity21939 + dermal dendrocytes, which were about six times more abundant than @entity469 + macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6311 an increased number of melanophages was found compared with unaffected skin from the same subject. These melanophages were identified as @entity21939 + dermal dendrocytes. Possible functional consequences of the massive melanin uptake by dermal dendrocytes are discussed.

title: Alterations in the epidermal-dermal melanin axis and XXXX melanophages in senile lentigo and ageing skin.

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['SL lesions']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity6311 :: ('MESH:D007911', 'Disease') :: ['Senile lentigo', 'SL']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation disorder']

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['stem cell factor']

answer: @entity21939 :: (2162,Gene) :: ['factor XIIIa']


abstract: 1. The relative spinal effectiveness of mu- and kappa-opioids has been assessed by their intravenous potencies on nociceptive responses (heat and/or pinch) of single motoneurones recorded in @entity4486 anaesthetized, spinalized @entity35 . 2. The depressant actions of both mu- and kappa-opioids were reversed by low intravenous doses of @entity1510 (10 to 100 micrograms kg-1). When tested at a dose of 1 microgram kg-1 i.v., @entity1510 antagonized the effects of the mu-agonist @entity1286 but had no effect on the kappa-opioid U-50,488. This provides further support for the theory that the actions of mu- and kappa-ligands were mediated at different subclasses of opioid receptor but highlights the difficulties in using antagonists with poor receptor selectivity to differentiate between mu- and kappa-receptor-mediated effects in vivo. 3. The molar potency rations of @entity3575 : @entity1286 :U-50,488: tifluadom for thermal and mechanical nociceptive responses were 620: 1.0:0.74:5.7 and 520:1.0:0.56:7.7 respectively. These potency ratios, as well as the absolute potencies, agree well with those reported in several behavioural studies in which systemic administration of agonists was used in non-thermal tests. 4. The agonist potency values obtained in this study contrast with those reported for local spinal administration. By this route, the potency of lipophilic opioids (e.g. @entity3575 , U-50,488 and tifluadom) relative to hydrophilic opioids (e.g. @entity1286 ) is much reduced, implying that activity of intrathecally administered opioids is more dependent on the physico-chemical properties of the agonists used than on the relative abundance in the spinal cord of functional opioid receptors of the mu- and kappa-subtypes. This conclusion indicates that the results with locally applied opioids should not be used to assess spinal opioid receptor function.

title: Spinal antinociceptive actions and XXXX reversibility of intravenous mu- and kappa-opioids in spinalized @entity35 : potency mismatch with values reported for spinal administration.

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Current knowledge suggests that, by applying evidence-based measures relating to the correct use of prophylactic antibiotics, perioperative normothermia, urinary tract catheterization and hand hygiene, important contributions can be made to reducing the risk of postoperative in @entity86 ted infections. The @entity281 s study was to explore and describe the application of intraoperative evidence-based measures, designed to reduce the risk of infection. In ad @entity281 e aimed to investigate whether the type of surgery, i.e. total joint arth @entity2720 ibia and femur/hip fracture surgery @entity174 ed the use of protective measures. METHOD: Data on the clinical application of evidence-based measures were collected structurally on site during 69 consecutively included operations involving fracture surgery @entity174  35) and total joint arthroplasties (n   =   34) using a pre-tested observation form. For observations in relation to hand disinfection, a modified version of the World Health Organization hand hygiene observation method was used. RESULTS: In all, only 29 patients (49%) o @entity1 eived prophylaxis within the recommended time span. The differences in the timing of prophylactic antibiotics between total joint arth @entity2720 rgery @entity174 gnificant, i.e. a more accurate timing was implemented in patients undergo @entity1 l joint arth @entity2720 Eighteen (53%) of the patients undergo @entity1 l joint arth @entity2720 reated with a forced-air warming system. The corresponding number for fracture surgery @entity174 (34%) (p   =   0.04).Observations of 254 opportunities for hand hygiene revealed an overall adherence rate of 10.3% to hand disinfection guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the utilization of evidence-based measures to reduce infections in cl @entity281 ctice is not sufficient and there are unjustifiable differences in care depending on the type of surgery. The poor adherence to hand hygiene precautions in the operating room is a serious problem for patient safety a @entity1 her studies should focus on resolving this problem. The WHO Safe Surgery checklist "time out" worked as an important reminder, but is not per se a guarantee of safety; it is the way we act in response to mistakes or lapses that finally matters.

title: The application of evidence-based measures to reduce surgical site XXXX during orthopedic surgery - report of a single-center experience in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: @entity12922 ( @entity12922 ) particles are a class of RNA-containing particles in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They consist of @entity38177 -rich small nuclear RNA complexed with several proteins. @entity12922 particles U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 all contain a common protein core consisting of proteins B'/B, D, D', E, F, and G. In addition to this core, @entity8106 particles contain proteins 70K, A, and C, whereas @entity38178 particles contain proteins A' and B". Almost any of the small nuclear RNA-associated polypeptides is targeted by autoantibodies in the sera from @entity1 with @entity1252 or related connective tissue diseases. We immunized a genetically non-autoimmune @entity19 with recombinant @entity1 @entity18259 and obtained three mAb reactive with native @entity38178 particles. Two of these mAb particles cross-reacted with U1 @entity12922 , 9A9 and 11A1, via epitopes present on the @entity38179 " protein as well as on the U1 @entity12922 -specific A protein. A third mAb 4g3, reacted exclusively with @entity38178 via a unique epitope on protein B". Two epitopes mapped at the @entity1473 -terminal region of the @entity18259 , whereas binding of the third mAb involved both @entity1472 - and @entity1473 -terminal @entity1522 of the @entity18259 . Epitope mapping, employing a DNAse I fragment library of the B" cDNA, revealed that the three mAb-reactive sites were discontinuous. Autoantibodies in sera from @entity1 with @entity1252 and other connective tissue diseases competed for binding with the mAb, implying that the mAb define a major autoantibody-reactive region on protein B".

title: Mapping of B cell epitopes on small nuclear ribonucleoproteins that react with XXXX autoantibodies as well as with experimentally-induced mouse monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity12922 :: ('57819', 'Gene') :: ['snRNP', 'Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein']

entities_list: @entity38177 :: ('CHEBI:16695', 'Chemical') :: ['uridylate']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Acute disseminated @entity1651 (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating @entity6220 (CNS), which can be monophasic or with repeated episodes. Relapsing ADEM can be misdiagnosed as @entity15 ( @entity15 ). We describe here a 16-year-old female @entity1 with @entity6831 ( @entity6831 ), which was exacerbated after an interferon beta (INF-b) treatment. The @entity1 presented with polysymptomatic and encephalopathic features at the first attack and was definitively diagnosed with ADEM. During the following 28months, she had two relapses, with the lesions spatially disseminated in time and space, but without @entity75 . She was diagnosed with @entity15 and started on treatment with @entity2391 injection. A severe relapse occurred 5months after starting @entity2391 treatment, with both the clinical and MRI characteristics worse than during the former 2 relapses, meeting the diagnostic criteria for @entity6831 . Treatment with @entity2391 was halted, with no new relapses observed over the following 9months. These findings suggest that treating @entity6831 @entity1 with @entity2391 may exacerbate the disease, similar to that observed during @entity2391 treatment of @entity1 with @entity1652 . Caution should be exercised when treating these @entity1 with @entity2391 .

title: A case of exacerbated XXXX after interferon b treatment.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['MDEM', 'multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity6831 :: (MESH:D004673,Disease) :: ['multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is frequently tested in @entity5 @entity1 . However, elevated CA19-9 can be found in many benign diseases. We investigated the relationship between elevated CA19-9 and diseases, and presented suggestions for its utility in a health check-up cohort. METHODS: From June 2008 to December 2008, we enrolled consecutive health check-up individuals with elevated CA19-9 (>37 U/mL). They were divided into three groups: group A ( @entity5 ), group B (decreasing concentrations), and group C (increasing concentrations) according to the following criteria: (i) CA19-9 was rechecked monthly in the first 3 months; (ii) follow-up was completed if @entity5 was found or if CA19-9 concentration dropped to normal; (iii) if CA19-9 kept increasing, it was monitored every 3 months; (4) total duration was 1 year. RESULTS: Among 33,867 individuals, 572 (1.7%) individuals showed elevated CA19-9 concentration. A total of 509 (90.0%) individuals finished at 1-year follow-up. In total, nine (1.8%) individuals were diagnosed with @entity5 . For 336 (66.0%) individuals CA19-9 concentrations dropped to normal, whereas for 164 (32.2%) individuals it kept rising. Interestingly, we did not find any differences in concentration levels between group A and group C. The main associated benign diseases included @entity1560 (25.3%), @entity9975 (13.9%), and chronic @entity1956 (13.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic monitoring of CA19-9 is recommended in asymptomatic populations with elevated CA19-9 concentrations.

title: Study of an elevated XXXX antigen 19-9 concentration in a large health check-up cohort in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9975 :: ('MESH:D041761', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant diseases', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: It is now established that pallidal @entity75 ( @entity75 ) is effective in the treatment of generalized and segmental @entity3520 , although there is still insufficient evidence to support its benefit in focal and secondary @entity3519 . Because several studies have demonstrated that pallidal @entity75 improves @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ), reduced @entity7027 and disability that are nonresponsive to medical treatment are probably the main factors guiding the decision to consider surgery. Some studies have indicated that young @entity1 with @entity3520 who have shorter disease duration and less severe @entity3519 are likely to have the best outcome from @entity75 . Therefore, surgery should not be delayed when disability and @entity7027 are impaired to the extent that justifies the surgical risk. A case-by-case approach is recommended in @entity1 who have secondary @entity3519 . The globus pallidus internus is considered the best target for @entity3519 . There are still not enough data about the effectiveness of thalamic, subthalamic nucleus, and premotor cortex stimulation. Targeting with multiple electrodes and intra-individual comparisons of outcomes may help determine which target would be more beneficial. With regard to the role of lesions, pallidotomy for @entity3519 is still performed in several countries and can play a role in selected @entity1 . New technologies are already available to improve the stimulation programming for @entity75 @entity1 and to increase battery longevity. In the near future, it is possible that we will be able to shape stimulation settings according to disease type and symptoms.    2013 @entity717 Society.

title: What's new in surgical treatment for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['quality of life', 'QoL']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['primary dystonia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['DBS', 'deep brain stimulation']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: 1. Intracellular recording techniques were used to study the actions of exogenous @entity1063 (NA) on @entity35 paratracheal neurones in situ. The receptor subtypes underlying these actions were investigated by application of selective adrenoceptor antagonists. 2. Application of NA (0.1-10 microM) by superfusion evoked a membrane depolarization in 85% (52 out of 61) of all paratracheal neurones studied. The response consisted of a slow depolarization which was sometimes accompanied by action potential discharge. In 26 out of 31 cells the response was associated with a change in input resistance of the cell membrane. In 22 out of 26 cells there was a 30% increase, whilst in a further 4 cells there was a 15% decrease in input resistance. The amplitude of the NA depolarization was concentration-dependent. 3. The depolarization evoked by NA was reversibly antagonized by @entity3159 (1 microM) but unaffected by @entity3160 (1 microM) or @entity1169 (1-10 microM). 4. High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (h.p.l.c.-e.c.d.) was used to assay for NA and @entity935 in samples containing mainly paratracheal ganglia and in samples of tracheal smooth muscle with mucosa. NA was present in all samples assayed at a level of 1.6 micrograms NA g-1 and 0.5 microgram NA g-1 wet weight of the two sample types respectively. @entity935 was not detected in any samples of either ganglia or smooth muscle with mucosa. 5. It is concluded that NA-evoked depolarizations of @entity35 paratracheal neurones result from stimulation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors, and that local levels of NA may be sufficiently high to activate these receptors directly.

title: Effects of @entity1063 on XXXX paratracheal neurones and localization of an endogenous source of @entity1063 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine', 'dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The objective of this workshop was to provide recommendations on several issues involving pallidotomy for @entity1 with medically intractable @entity191 to physicians, @entity1 , and other health care providers. An international consortium of experts in neurology, neurosurgery, and neurophysiology who had extensive experience with pallidotomy were invited to the workshop. @entity1 were sent background materials from the scientific literature for review-based @entity1 recommendations. A proposed agenda was circulated to all @entity1 before the workshop, and the final agenda was based on their recommendations. Topics were introduced at the workshop by members of the organizing committee, followed by extensive group discussion. A draft of a consensus statement, based on the previous day's discussion, was circulated and further modifications were made. The final statement was agreed on by all members. The conclusions of the @entity1 were: (1) Pallidotomy should be performed only at centers that have a team of physicians with substantial expertise and experience in the field. (2) @entity1 with disabling @entity191 , without @entity303 , and who have exhausted medical therapy should be considered for pallidotomy. (3) All @entity1 should be examined by means of standardized rating scales both preoperatively and postoperatively to ensure quality of care at each center. (4) Symptoms that respond best to pallidotomy include medication-induced @entity910 , @entity2003 , and @entity400 , while balance, @entity426 , and hypophonia are generally less responsive to surgery. Benefits of pallidotomy appear to be long lasting. (5) Each institution's complication rate should be discussed before surgery.

title: Stereotactic pallidotomy in the treatment of XXXX : an expert opinion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'idiopathic Parkinson disease']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait disorders']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']