abstract: Restoration of coronary blood flow after @entity741 is always a matter of urgency, but the resulting surgical or drug-induced reperfusion of @entity63 tissue is often associated with myocardial functional disturbances and tissue injury. The present study was carried out to select experimental conditions under which optimal effects of antioxidants can be observed on the adverse effects of reperfusion of @entity63 myocardium. The release of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and changes in hemodynamic parameters were compared in two models of @entity299 in @entity35 isolated hearts. LDH release from electrically-stimulated hearts perfused under constant flow and with initial (5 min) reperfusion in @entity460 -free buffer was greater than that from hearts perfused under constant pressure in which @entity63 was induced by reduced flow. Combined SOD+ @entity12609 was a weak inhibitor of LDH release in both models, @entity620 being more potent under constant pressure than under constant flow conditions. A longer @entity63 period enhanced the inhibitory effect of @entity9050 . Contractility and ventricular end-diastolic pressure recovered slowly during perfusion under constant flow and brief @entity460 removal, but remained unphysiological under constant pressure. SOD+ @entity12609 had no effect on hemodynamic parameters. @entity620 exacerbated @entity63 +reperfusion-induced changes in contractility, ventricular pressure, heart rate and coronary flow under constant pressure, but facilitated recovery of contractility on reperfusion under constant flow and brief @entity460 removal. In studies on antioxidants, different experimental conditions appear to be necessary to observe beneficial effects on @entity3145 on the one hand and on hemodynamics on the other. Mild to moderate @entity63 , with sustained pacemaker activity, appears to be the condition under which antioxidants provide hemodynamic improvement. In isolated @entity35 hearts, biochemical parameters of @entity3145 may be misleading for the effects of antioxidants.

title: Experimental conditions determine effects of @entity620 on reperfusion injury: comparison of @entity3145 with hemodynamic parameters in XXXX isolated hearts.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid', 'Ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To show the prolonged efficacy of @entity7206 in the prophylaxis and treatment of recurrences in @entity1 with @entity3835 and @entity1391 lithiasis. METHODS: A randomised prospective study is conducted, with a three-year follow-up, in 150 @entity1 diagnosed with recurrent @entity460 lithiasis. The @entity1 are divided into three groups: A) 50 cases subject to observation with no treatment, B) 50 cases treated with 50 mg/day of @entity918 , and C) 50 cases treated with 50 mg of @entity918 and 20 mlEq of @entity15514 /day. Each group is subject to a renal study with imaging techniques and a urinary metabolic study at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 months. RESULTS: The @entity1 treated with @entity7206 (Groups B and C) obtain a significant reduction in lithiasis recurrence compared with the control group (Group A). The most common abnormality found in the metabolic study was @entity5200 , 52% of cases; 16% present a mixed lithogenic pattern. The number of recurrences and need for new sessions of extracorporeal lithotripsy in @entity1 with @entity5200 treated with @entity7206 is significantly smaller than in Group A (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: We observe a significant relation between lithogenic pattern and lithiasis recurrence. @entity7206 help us to control lithogenic factors and recurrences in @entity1 with @entity460 lithiasis. This effect is prolonged and significant in @entity1 with @entity5200 .

title: [The role of XXXX in the prophylaxis of recurrent @entity460 lithiasis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity15514 :: ('MESH:D019357', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium citrate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides', 'Thiazides']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

answer: @entity7206 :: (MESH:D049971,Chemical) :: ['thiazides']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of the outcome of preoperative intermittent pneumatic soft tissue distraction (IPD) in @entity1 with severe @entity1159 in @entity2074 with special regards on recurrent deformities. METHOD: In a prospective study, nine @entity1 with @entity2074 grade III and IV according to the classification of Tubiana were treated with a preoperative intermittent soft-tissue distraction using a pneumatic extension device followed by a standardized operative correction and follow-up program. Sixteen fingers were involved: grade I and II four fingers, grade III and IV twelve fingers. Nine fingers - grade III and IV seven fingers - in six @entity1 had a recurrent deformity. RESULTS: The preoperative reduction of @entity1159 simplifies the surgical treatment. Preoperatively using the IPD, the flexion @entity1159 was reduced between 5 and 60 degrees. With an average of 29 (10 to 60) degrees, the improvement was greater in fingers with severe @entity1159 (grade III and IV according to Tubiana) than in fingers with a minor @entity1159 averaging 10 (5 to 25) degrees. In fingers with recurrent deformity, the reduction of the flexion @entity1159 averaged 27 (5 to 60) degrees. There were no complications leading to break off of the distraction. CONCLUSION: The intermittent pneumatic distraction is a good alternative to the method introduced by Messina for preoperative soft-tissue distraction in @entity1 with severe @entity2074 .

title: [Preoperative Intermittent Pneumatic Soft-Tissue Distraction in XXXX with severe @entity2074 ].

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's disease", "Dupuytren's contracture"]

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture', 'contractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: We examined relations between cellular currents activated near @entity8327 threshold and the initiation of action potentials by excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in @entity1399 pyramidal cells in vitro. Small voltage steps elicited sequences of inward-outward currents at hyperpolarized potentials, but evoked largely inward currents at near threshold potentials. Similarly small EPSP-like waveforms initiated largely inward currents while larger stimuli evoked sequences of inward followed by outward currents. Shorter rise times of EPSP-like waveforms accentuated a transient component of inward currents. Voltage clamp data were consistent with the voltage @entity734 of current clamp responses to injection of EPSP shaped waveforms. Small events were prolonged at subthreshold potentials and could elicit action potentials at long latencies while responses to larger EPSP waveforms showed less voltage @entity734 and tended to induce spikes at shorter, less variable latencies. The precision of action potentials initiated by white noise depended also on stimulus amplitude. High variance stimuli induced @entity8327 with high precision, while the timing of spikes induced by lower variance signals was more variable between trials. In voltage clamp records, high variance noise commands induced sequences of inward followed by outward currents, while lower variance versions of the same commands elicited purely inward currents. These data suggest that larger synaptic stimuli recruit outward as well as inward currents. The resulting inward-outward current sequences enhance the temporal precision of EPSP-spike coupling. Thus, @entity1399 pyramidal cells initiate action potentials with different temporal precision, depending on stimulus properties.

title: Intrinsic cellular currents and the temporal precision of EPSP-action potential coupling in XXXX pyramidal cells.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1399 :: (759,Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: Prenatal exposure to @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) alters rodent social interactions in a dose-dependent way: exposure to a high dose of @entity2052 (>500mg/kg) mid-gestation decreases social interactions whereas a moderate dose of @entity2052 (350mg/kg) increases peer-directed social behavior. The moderate dose also decreases expression of the mRNA for @entity563 in amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. In this study, we examined whether @entity12210 could ameliorate @entity2052 -induced alterations in ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), social interactions, and locomotor activity. Pregnant @entity35 were given intraperintoneal injections of @entity2052 (200mg/kg each) on gestational days 12, 12.5 and 13; controls were injected with saline. Offspring received a subcutaneous injection of saline or @entity12210 (32 or 64mg/kg) either acutely (1h prior to testing) or repeatedly (once per day for four days). Social interactions were assessed during late adolescence, and USVs were recorded concomitantly. Male and female @entity35 that were exposed to @entity2052 demonstrated more locomotor activity than control animals during habituation to the testing chamber. @entity2052 -exposed males showed increased play fighting. @entity12210 normalized the @entity2052 -induced increase in play fighting in males and also increased social motivation in females. When the pair contained a @entity2052 -exposed @entity35 , significantly fewer USVs were emitted and 16% of the vocalizations were of a novel waveform. These effects were not seen in pairs containing @entity2052 -exposed animals that were treated with @entity12210 . Overall, these findings are consistent with data from other laboratories suggesting that @entity12210 may be a promising pharmacotherapeutic compound for improving @entity146 .

title: XXXX ameliorates social alterations that result from prenatal exposure to @entity1092 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['social behavior disorders']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity12210 :: ('CHEBI:74159', 'Chemical') :: ['d-Cycloserine', 'd-cycloserine']

answer: @entity12210 :: (CHEBI:74159,Chemical) :: ['d-Cycloserine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2269 and @entity320 (DNMM) occasionally metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and extranodal sites. The value of @entity1600 biopsy (SLNB) has not been demonstrated clearly for @entity1 with DNMM. The authors report on the utility of SLNB in the management of @entity1 with DNMM. METHODS: The authors identified 33 @entity1 with DNMM who were seen during a 5-year period in their institution who underwent lymphatic mapping and SLNB. Clinical and histopathologic data were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 with DNMM underwent SLNB (mean Breslow depth, 4.0 mm; median, 2.8 mm). There were 25 male @entity1 and 8 female @entity1 with a median age of 61 years (range, 31-86 years). Fifty-two percent of @entity5 presented in the head and neck region, and 24% were associated with @entity552 . Four of 33 @entity1 (12%) without clinical evidence of @entity3 who underwent SLNB had at least 1 positive @entity1600 . No additional positive lymph nodes were found in subsequent therapeutic regional lymphadenectomy in any of these four @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: SLNB detected subclinical metastases of DNMM to regional lymph nodes. SLNB at the time of resection can provide useful information to guide early treatment and, coupled with lymphadenectomy in positive @entity1 , may limit @entity5 spread and prevent recurrence at the draining lymph node basin.

title: XXXX and @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic']

entities_list: @entity552 :: ('MESH:D018327', 'Disease') :: ['lentigo maligna']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['neurotropic melanoma']

answer: @entity2269 :: (MESH:D058405,Disease) :: ['Desmoplastic']


abstract: Because @entity1000 is characterized by elevated wall stress and a more spherical left ventricle, the relations among shape, afterload and survival were examined. Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity296 were prospectively studied by two-dimensional echocardiography. Data included echocardiographic short- and long-axis cavity dimensions, their ratio and, with cuff systolic blood pressure, meridional and circumferential end-systolic stress and their ratios. Survivors (n = 16) were followed up for 52 months (range 40 to 76); nonsurvivors (n = 20) died an average of 11 months after study. Survivors had a smaller left ventricular end-diastolic short-axis dimension (6.4 versus 7.1 cm, p less than 0.03) but a similar long-axis length (8.6 versus 8.3 cm). However, overall cavity shape or the ratio of short- to long-axis end-diastolic dimensions was more spherical in those with poorer survival (ratio 0.76 versus 0.68, p less than 0.02). Meridional and circumferential end-systolic stresses were similar in the two groups, but stress was more evenly distributed in the long- and short-axis planes in nonsurvivors (meridional/circumferential stress ratio 0.57 versus 0.52 in survivors, p less than 0.05). Improved survival was associated with an end-diastolic short-axis dimension less than 7.63 cm, a short- to long-axis ratio less than 0.76 and a meridional to circumferential stress ratio less than 0.54. Life table analysis revealed a 28% mortality rate in @entity1 with all three of these characteristics compared with 100% in @entity1 with none. Survivors and nonsurvivors did not differ in systolic cavity dimension, wall thickness, relative wall thickness, cavity volume, percent posterior wall thickening or fractional shortening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Left ventricular shape, afterload and survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Asparaginase is a critical agent used to treat @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Pegaspargase (SS- @entity970 ), a pegylated form of @entity526 L-asparaginase with a succinimidyl succinate (SS) linker, is the first-line asparaginase product used in @entity1 's Oncology Group (COG) @entity981 trials. Calaspargase pegol (SC- @entity970 ) replaces the SS linker in SS- @entity970 with a succinimidyl carbamate linker, creating a more stable molecule. COG AALL07P4 was designed to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparability of SC- @entity970 to SS- @entity970 in @entity1 with newly diagnosed high-risk (HR) B-cell @entity981 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 165 evaluable @entity1 were randomly assigned at a 2:1 ratio to receive SC- @entity970 at 2,100 (SC-PEG2100; n = 69) or 2,500 IU/m(2) (SC-PEG2500; n = 42) versus SS- @entity970 2,500 IU/m(2) (SS-PEG2500; n = 54) as part of an otherwise identical chemotherapy regimen. The groups were similar demographically, except more female @entity1 received SC-PEG2500. RESULTS: The mean half-life of plasma asparaginase activity for both SC-PEG doses was approximately 2.5* longer than that of SS-PEG2500. The total systemic exposure, as defined by induction area under the curve from time 0 to 25 days, was greater with SC-PEG2500 than with SS-PEG2500 or SC-PEG2100. The proportion of @entity1 with plasma asparaginase activity >=  100 mIU/mL and >=  400 mIU/mL was higher in @entity1 who received SC- @entity970 as compared with SS-PEG2500. After one dose of pegylated asparaginase on induction day 4, plasma @entity2734 was undetectable for 11 days for SS-PEG2500 and 18 days for both SC- @entity970 groups. CONCLUSION: SC-PEG2500 achieves a significantly longer period of asparaginase activity above defined thresholds and @entity2734 depletion compared with SS-PEG2500 and has a comparable @entity137 profile in @entity1 with HR B-cell @entity981 .

title: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Calaspargase Pegol @entity526 L-Asparaginase in the Treatment of @entity1 With XXXX : Results From @entity1 's Oncology Group Study AALL07P4.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Substantial efforts over the past decade have increased rates of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator ( @entity3479 ) use in the United States. We sought to determine changes in @entity1 characteristics and rates of @entity3479 use over time among hospitalized @entity64 ( @entity64 ) @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed all @entity64 @entity1 (n=1   093   895) and those arriving  <= 2 hours and treated with @entity3479  <= 3 hours after onset (n=50   798) from 2003 to 2011 in the American Heart Association's Get with the Guideline- @entity64 (GWTG- @entity64 ). Categorical data were analyzed by Pearson   (2) and continuous data by Wilcoxon test. Intravenous @entity3479 use  <= 3 hours after onset increased from 4.0% to 7.0% in all @entity64 admissions and 42.6% to 77.0% in @entity64 @entity1 arriving  <= 2 hours and fully eligible for @entity3479 (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, @entity3479 use increased over time, especially in those aged >85 years, nonwhite, and with milder @entity64 (National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale 0-4). Door-to-image time (median 24 versus 20 minutes) and door-to- @entity3479 time (median 81 versus 72 minutes) also improved, with    65% of @entity3479 -treated @entity1 getting brain imaging  <= 25 minutes after arrival. Multivariable analysis showed that with each additional calendar year, the odds that an eligible @entity1 would receive @entity3479 increased by 1.37-fold, adjusting for other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of IV @entity3479 use among all @entity64 @entity1 , regardless of contraindications, nearly doubled from 2003 to 2011. Treatment with @entity3479 has expanded to include more @entity1 with mild deficits, nonwhite race/ethnicity, and oldest old age.

title: Temporal trends in XXXX characteristics and treatment with intravenous thrombolysis among @entity64 @entity1 at Get With The Guidelines- @entity64 hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone metastasis occurs frequently in @entity263 (PCa) @entity1 ; however, it is not known why this happens. The @entity470 ( @entity470 ) ligand EGF is available to early stage PCa; whereas, @entity7790 is available when PCa metastasizes. Since the microenvironment of metastases has been shown to play a role in the survival of the @entity5 , we examined whether the ligands had effects on cell survival and proliferation in early and late PCa. METHODS: We used LNCaP cells as a model of early stage, non-metastatic PCa and the isogenic C4-2B cells as a model of late stage, metastatic PCa. RESULTS: We found that the proliferation factor MAPK and the survival factor @entity584 were differentially activated in the presence of different ligands. @entity7790 induced growth of C4-2B cells and not of the parental LNCaP cells; however, LNCaP cells expressing a constitutively active @entity584 did proliferate with @entity7790 . Therefore, @entity584 appeared to be the @entity7790 -responsive factor for survival of the late stage PCa cells. LNCaP cells exposed to EGF produced more @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ), an inhibitor of bone remodeling, than C4-2B cells with @entity7790 , which had increased expression of @entity5298 , an activator of bone remodeling. In concordance, @entity7790 -treated C4-2B conditioned medium was able to differentiate an osteoclast precursor line to a greater extent than EGF-treated C4-2B or @entity7790 -treated LNCaP conditioned media. CONCLUSION: The switch in @entity470 ligand availability as PCa progresses affects cell survival and contributes to bone remodeling.

title: XXXX ligand switch in @entity5 contributes to changes in cell signaling and bone remodeling.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: Intracellular signaling by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades plays an essential role in the cellular response to environmental stress. In the @entity375 @entity375 , the @entity19623 -regulated, stress-activated MAP kinase pathway, the @entity19624 cascade, is activated by heat and by a decrease in osmolarity. The genes @entity34211 , @entity34212 and @entity34213 encode putative receptors that maintain cell wall integrity under conditions of heat stress. Genetic studies place the function of the WSC genes upstream of the @entity19624 kinase cascade. To further define the role of the WSC family in the stress response we determined whether: (1) the wscdelta mutants are sensitive to other environmental stress conditions, in addition to @entity1457 ; (2) expression from four transcriptional control elements, known to be activated by stress, is impaired in wscdelta mutants; and (3) @entity59147 , a Wsc homolog, has functions that overlap with those of the other Wsc family members. We report here that deletion of WSC and @entity19623 causes @entity56 to @entity1068 , @entity273 and DNA-damaging drugs. In wscdelta mutants expression of beta-galactosidase from the AP-1 response element (ARE), the @entity1457 response element (HSE) or the stress response element (STRE) is not reduced. In contrast, expression of a reporter gene placed under the control of the @entity23476 (transcription factor)-dependent response element is significantly reduced in wscdelta mutants. This suggests that the lysis defect of wscdelta mutants is at least in part caused by a defect in transcriptional regulation by @entity23476 . Phenotypic analysis of the effect of deleting @entity59147 in a wsc1delta mutant show that, unlike @entity34212 or @entity34213 , deletion of @entity59147 does not exacerbate the lysis defect of a wsc1delta strain. In contrast, deletion of @entity59147 enhances the sensitivity of the wsc1delta mutant to @entity1457 , @entity1068 , and a DNA-damaging drug, suggesting that @entity59147 plays a role in the response to environmental stress but that its function may differ from those of the other WSC family members.

title: Mutations in WSC genes for putative stress receptors result in sensitivity to multiple stress conditions and impairment of XXXX -dependent gene expression in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity23476 :: (856016(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Rlm1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of intravenous sedation on postprocedural @entity158 relief for @entity1 undergoing a spinal injection procedure in which there is no expectation of immediate relief. DESIGN: A prospective audit to compare Visual Analog Scale (VAS) responses before and after interlaminar epidural corticosteroid injections without epidural anesthetic in those who did and did not receive intravenous sedation. SETTING: This audit was undertaken in 2 interventional spine practices. @entity1 : A total of 102 @entity1 were allotted to receive or not receive intravenous sedation depending on preference. INTERVENTIONS: Interlaminar epidural injections of corticosteroid without epidural anesthetic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were measured by mean (VAS) scores after the procedure and mean VAS differences before and after the procedure. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between mean VAS scores or mean differences in VAS scores between those who did or did not receive intravenous sedation. A relatively high percentage of @entity1 in both groups obtained greater than 50% immediate @entity158 relief. CONCLUSION: Intravenous mild or moderate conscious sedation did not have an effect on postprocedural VAS @entity158 scores in those receiving a therapeutic spinal injection procedure. Immediate @entity158 relief was most likely the result of nonspecific effects.

title: Is immediate XXXX relief after a spinal injection procedure enhanced by intravenous sedation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare demographic, behavioural and @entity645 testing characteristics of individuals diagnosed with @entity1047 in primary care with those in genitourinary medicine clinics, in the absence of a screening programme. The aim was to explore the current and potential contribution of primary care to the control of @entity1047 . STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We analysed data on individuals who reported one or more @entity1047 diagnoses in the past 5 years in a large probability sample survey of the resident, UK general population aged 16-44 years. Estimates were weighted and odds ratios calculated. RESULTS: @entity1 diagnosed in primary care reported fewer @entity458 , and were less likely to have had an @entity645 test in the past 5 years than their counterparts diagnosed in genitourinary medicine clinics. Age, ethnicity, social class, educational attainment and urbanization of area of residence did not differ between the two groups. Too few @entity1 were diagnosed in primary care to allow for such a comparison. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care already diagnoses a large number of @entity1 with @entity1047 , who may perceive themselves as low risk through age or sexual behaviour, yet are likely to comprise a substantial proportion of all @entity281 . Few @entity1 are diagnosed in primary care. These groups need to be strategically targeted in the context of a future @entity1047 screening programme, which will focus on the screening of younger @entity1 at high risk, and in which the role of primary care is still in development.

title: A comparison of the population diagnosed with XXXX in primary care with that diagnosed in sexual health clinics: implications for a national screening programme.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual partners']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia infection', 'chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['chlamydia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether transurethral resection of the prostate can be used as both (i) treatment for symptomatic @entity1069 in @entity1 with @entity263 and (ii) a risk-adaptive strategy for reducing @entity1486 levels and broadening the indications of active surveillance. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data of 3680 @entity1 who underwent prostate biopsies at a single institution (March 2006 to January 2012). Of 529 @entity1 who had @entity263 and were ineligible for active surveillance, 86 (16.3%) underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for symptomatic @entity1069 . We assessed how changes in @entity1486 and @entity1486 density influenced the eligibility for active surveillance and the outcome of subsequent therapy. The following active surveillance criteria were used: @entity1486  <=10 ng/ml, @entity1486 density  <=0.15, positive cores  <=3 and single core involvement  <=50%. RESULTS: The median age, pre-operative @entity1486 and prostate volume were 71 years, 6.95 ng/ml, and 45.8 g, respectively. In 82.6% (71/86) of analyzed cases, ineligibility for active surveillance had resulted from elevated @entity1486 level or @entity1486 density. With a median resection of 16.5 g, transurethral resection of the prostate reduced the percentage of @entity1486 and the percentage of @entity1486 density by 34.5 and 50.0%, respectively, making 81.7% (58/71) of the @entity1 eligible for active surveillance. @entity1486 level remained stabilized in all (21/21) @entity1 maintained on active surveillance without disease progression during the median follow-up of 50.6 months. Among @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy, 96.7% (29/30) exhibited @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: Risk-adaptive transurethral resection of the prostate may prevent overtreatment and allay @entity1486 -associated @entity148 in @entity1 with biopsy-proven low-grade @entity263 and elevated @entity1486 . Additional benefits include voiding symptom improvement and the avoidance of curative therapy's immediate side effects.

title: Transurethral resection of the prostate for XXXX with @entity263 and symptomatic @entity1069 : a risk-adaptive strategy for the era of active surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Gleason score 6 prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic enlargement']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen', 'Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 @entity981 ( @entity981 ) has a poor therapeutic outcome despite attempts to treat it based on prognostic factor-guided therapy. This is the first cooperative group trial characterizing all @entity1 at the molecular level for @entity11626 /11q23 rearrangement. All @entity1 enrolled on @entity1 's @entity5 Group (CCG) 1953 were tested for @entity11626 rearrangement by Southern blot and the 11q23 translocation partner was identified (4;11, 9;11, 11;19, or "other") by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred fifteen @entity1 were enrolled; overall event-free survival (EFS) was 41.7% (SD = 9.2%) and overall survival (OS) was 44.8% at 5 years. Five-year EFS for @entity11626 -rearranged cases was 33.6% and for @entity11626 -nonrearranged cases was 60.3%. The difference in EFS between the 3 major @entity11626 rearrangements did not reach statistical significance. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed a rank order of significance for negative impact on prognosis of @entity2282 negativity, age younger than 6 months, and @entity11626 rearrangement, in that order. @entity137 was the most frequent cause of @entity204 . Relapse as a first event in CCG 1953 was later (median, 295 days) compared with CCG 1883 historic control (median, 207 days). @entity11626 /11q23 rearrangement, @entity2282 expression, and age are important prognostic factors in @entity1 @entity981 , but molecular 11q23 translocation partners do not predict outcome.

title: Analysis of prognostic factors of XXXX in @entity1 : report on CCG 1953 from the @entity1 's Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'Children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of @entity303 (BPSDs) are common. It is unclear whether associations are stronger with the absolute cognitive level or that relative to premorbid mental ability. METHODS: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was administered to carers of @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity1 underwent cognitive testing with the National Adult Reading Test (NART) to estimate premorbid IQ and 6 tests of current cognitive function. RESULTS: 556 @entity1 , mean age 77.3 years, had NPI scores. The total NPI score correlated significantly with most cognitive test scores, but multi-linear regression identified NART-IQ as the only significant cognitive predictor (beta=-0.17, p=0.008). Principal component analysis of the 10 NPI domains extracted 3 components corresponding to mood, frontal and @entity716 factors. The NPI mood factor correlated significantly with NART-IQ (rho=-0.14, p=0.014) and lexical verbal fluency (rho=-0.09, p=0.034) only. The NPI frontal factor correlation with NART-IQ approached significance (rho=-0.11, p=0.053). The NPI @entity716 factor correlated significantly with the Mini-Mental State Examination (rho=-0.15, p<0.001) and the Hopkins verbal learning test (rho=-0.11, p=0.013) scores. CONCLUSION: The relationship between BPSDs and cognition in @entity195 is weak and largely explained by premorbid IQ. There is a stronger relationship between current cognition and @entity716 .

title: Relationship between behavioural and psychological symptoms of XXXX and cognition in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity1 was admitted to a hospital with @entity158 of the low back as well as the left leg, and @entity221 . He was suspected of suffering from the lumbar disc herniation because of the presence of Lasegue's sign on the first physical examination. Abdominal computed tomography, however, revealed the swelling of the left iliopsoas muscle. Iliopsoas @entity7181 was confirmed by subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Antibiotic therapy was started for the successive 8 days. The @entity221 resolved, but the @entity158 persisted. The @entity733 extending from the iliopsoas muscle to the epidural space was still seen on the MRI 20 days after the completion of the antibiotic therapy, and he still complained of the @entity158 of his low back and left leg. Therefore, we conducted epidural puncture under fluoroscopic guidance. Approximately 3 ml of pus was aspirated from the epidural space. Then, his complains decreased remarkably. @entity4340 should be taken into account in case of a @entity1 with @entity158 on the low back and leg and also inflammatory signs such as @entity221 and leucocytosis.

title: [ XXXX accompanied by epidural @entity733 --a case report].

entities_list: @entity4340 :: ('MESH:D016659', 'Disease') :: ['Iliopsoas abscess']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['abscess accompanied epidural abscess']

answer: @entity4340 :: (MESH:D016659,Disease) :: ['Iliopsoas abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) is an important covariate for predicting drug clearance. Models for predicting @entity1386 have been developed in adults but there is currently a paucity of mechanism-based models developed to predict @entity1386 in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a model to predict @entity1386 in @entity1 . METHODS: A large dataset (496 females and 515 males) was available for model building. Subjects had a relatively wide range of age (3-29  years) and body mass index values (12-44.9  kg/m(2)). Two types of models (M1 and M2) were developed to describe @entity1386 in @entity1 . M1 was fully empirical and based on a linear model that contained all statistically significant covariates and their interactions. M2 was a simpler model that incorporated a maturation process. M1 was developed to provide the best possible description of the data (i.e. a positive control). In addition, a published adult model (M3) was applied directly as a reference description of the data. The predictive performances of the three models were assessed by visual predictive checks and by using mean error (ME) and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). A test dataset (90 females and 86 males) was available for external evaluation. RESULTS: M1 consisted of nine terms with up to second-level interactions. M2 was a sigmoid hyperbolic model based on postnatal age with an asymptote at the adult prediction (M3). For the index dataset, the ME and 95  % CI for M1, M2 and M3 were 0.09 (0.03-0.16), 0.24 (0.14-0.33) and 0.29 (0.06-0.51)  kg, respectively, and RMSEs were 1.12 (1.03-1.23), 1.58 (1.46-1.72) and 3.76 (3.54-3.97)  kg. CONCLUSIONS: A maturation model that asymptoted to an established adult model was developed for prediction of @entity1386 in @entity1 . This model was found to perform well in both male and female @entity1 ; however, the adult model performed similarly to the maturation model for females. The ability to predict @entity1386 in @entity1 from simple demographic measurements is expected to improve understanding of @entity1 body structure and function with direct application to pharmacokinetics.

title: Prediction of Fat-Free Mass in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'Fat-free mass']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['RMSE', 'root mean squared error']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: A fatal case of @entity3081 caused by @entity1838 01 El Tor serotype Ogawa occurred in Aichi Prefecture, Japan in 1995. The @entity1 was identified locally, but the route of the @entity281 was unknown. The causative isolate and 38 other domestic and imported @entity1838 O1 isolates, obtained between 1984 and 1997, were analysed by prophage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). This was done to determine whether the isolate from this case differed from others associated with either mild @entity281 or asymptomatic carriage, and to elucidate the route of @entity281 . Cholera toxin (CT) from 37 toxigenic isolates was assayed semi-quantitatively. The 39 isolates were divided into 12 temporary types in accordance with the results of the three typing techniques. The isolate from the fatal @entity281 and nine other isolates were classified as temporary type IV. No difference in CT production was found between the isolate from the fatal case and the other 36 toxigenic isolates. Taken together, it is unlikely that a @entity1838 01 isolate of distinguishable type was responsible for the @entity221 . Temporary type IV isolates were frequently present in both domestic and imported cases from 1994 to 1997 in Aichi, but they did not emerge before 1993. These results suggest that a new clone was introduced after 1993 from overseas and then disseminated into Aichi, and this may have been an important step in triggering the fatal case of @entity3081 .

title: Epidemiological investigation of a fatal case of XXXX in Japan by phenotypic techniques and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'cholera infections']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fatal illness']

answer: @entity3081 :: (MESH:D002771,Disease) :: ['cholera']


abstract: BACKGROUND: TomoBreast is a unicenter, non-blinded randomized trial comparing conventional radiotherapy (CR) vs. hypofractionated Tomotherapy (TT) for post-operative treatment of @entity0 . The purpose of the trial is to compare whether TT can reduce heart and @entity358 . We evaluate early @entity137 . METHODS: The trial started inclusion in May 2007 and reached its recruitment in August 2011. @entity1 with stage T1-3N0M0 or T1-2N1M0 @entity0 completely resected by tumorectomy (BCS) or by @entity12652 ( @entity12652 ) who consented to participate were randomized, according to a prescribed computer-generated randomization schedule, between control arm of CR 25x2 Gy/5 weeks by tangential fields on breast/chest wall, plus supraclavicular-axillary field if node-positive, and sequential boost 8x2 Gy/2 weeks if BCS (cumulative dose 66 Gy/7 weeks), versus experimental TT arm of 15x2.8 Gy/3 weeks, including nodal areas if node-positive and simultaneous integrated boost of 0.6 Gy if BCS (cumulative dose 51 Gy/3 weeks). Outcomes evaluated were the pulmonary and heart function. Comparison of proportions used one-sided Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: By May 2010, 70 @entity1 were randomized and had more than 1 year of follow-up. Out of 69 evaluable cases, 32 were assigned to CR (21 BCS, 11 @entity12652 ), 37 to TT (20 BCS, 17 @entity12652 ). @entity137 of grade >= 1 at 2 years was 60% in CR, vs. 30% in TT arm. Heart function showed no significant difference for left ventricular ejection fraction at 2 years, CR 4.8% vs. TT 4.6%. Pulmonary function tests at 2 years showed grade >= 1 decline of FEV1 in 21% of CR, vs. 15% of TT and decline of DLco in 29% of CR, vs. 7% of TT (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were no unexpected severe @entity137 . Short course radiotherapy of the breast with simultaneous integrated boost over 3 weeks proved feasible without excess @entity137 . Pulmonary tests showed a slight trend in favor of Tomotherapy, which will need confirmation with longer follow-up of @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: [corrected] ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00459628.

title: Short course radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for XXXX , early @entity137 of a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Skin toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['stage I-II breast cancer']


abstract: There are no studies of the effect of stretch in cultured pulmonary vascular smooth muscle, and some data suggest that a stretch-mediated increase in connective tissue synthesis in pulmonary arteries is mediated by the endothelium. To investigate whether stretch can serve as a growth stimulus in this smooth muscle, we studied two types of cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (a multiply passaged clonal line of @entity35 cells [PAC1], and early passage lamb cells [EPTC]). Cells were grown on a collagen-coated @entity1346 surface and subjected to repetitive stretch (0.33-0.5 Hz; 10-20% strain). The relative rates of total RNA, DNA, protein, and soluble collagen synthesis were determined using 3H precursors, and @entity5019 and collagen mRNAs by Northern blot analysis. Stretch caused no significant change in the rate of RNA synthesis in either PAC1 cells (+9%) or EPTC (-3%). The relative rate of total protein synthesis was decreased by stretch (6% in PAC1 cells and 36% in EPTC [both NS]) as was the rate of collagen synthesis (-24% in EPTC [NS]). In EPTC, the percentage of @entity665 labeled cells was modestly increased with 24 h stretch (17 +/- 5.7%; P < .001), but @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ) precipitated @entity665 was unaltered by stretch, and the number of cells not significantly changed with stretch. @entity5019 mRNA expression was only inconsistently induced by stretch x 30 min in EPTC, and not at all in PAC1 cells. Expression of mRNA for alpha 1 (I) and alpha 1 (III) collagen was not changed significantly by 24 h or 48 h of stretch. We conclude that stretch does not serve as a significant growth stimulus in cultured pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in this system. These findings do not rule out the possibility that stretch is a growth stimulus for these cells under different conditions, but do suggest that other models will be needed to determine if and how mechanical stimuli affect growth of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle.

title: Effect of stretch on growth and collagen synthesis in cultured XXXX and lamb pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate factors determining the presence of bilateral interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) with unilateral @entity131 ( @entity131 ). METHODS: We analysed data of 243 @entity1315 @entity1 with unilateral @entity131 who had long-term video-EEG. Eighty-one @entity1 (33%) had bitemporal IEDs. RESULTS: We categorised @entity1 into a unilateral group (UG), a bilateral group (BG) according to presence of bitemporal IEDs. We found no difference between UG and BG regarding @entity302 duration, secondarily generalised @entity410 , and history of @entity410 . Mean @entity410 frequency was significantly higher in the BG (UG: 7.7+/-14.7 @entity410 /month; BG: 13+/-35 @entity410 /month, P=0.01). We found a significant correlation between late @entity302 onset and the presence of bitemporal IEDs. The mean age at @entity302 onset in UG was 10.1+/-7.9 years, while in BG it was 13+/-9.2 years (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The traditional concept of the evolution of mirror focus cannot apply for @entity1 because the duration of @entity302 does not influence the evolution of bitemporal IEDs. Other factors, i.e. age at onset and @entity410 frequency may play a role in this process. The association between the higher @entity410 frequency and mirror foci indicates that the development of mirror focus depends on @entity410 and not on a progressive 'interictal' epileptogenesis.

title: Clinical differences in @entity1 with unilateral XXXX and @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3551 in pregnant @entity1 is a relatively common condition. It can be difficult to assess due to the frequency with which physiologic dilation of the upper urinary tract is seen in pregnant @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHOD: Over the past 3 years 40 pregnant @entity1 with @entity3551 were seen in our service. RESULTS: Most pregnant @entity1 responded to conservative treatment ( @entity158 killers and antibiotics). In the remaining group, instrumentation was necessary through the urinary route: double J ureteral catheterism (10 @entity1 : 6 due to uterine compression and 4 to @entity9279 ), percutaneous nephrostomy (4 @entity1 : 2 due to ureteral catheter obstruction impossible to replace, and two due to @entity1494 ), or ureterorenoscopy (1 @entity1 with @entity9279 ). CONCLUSIONS: The single most common cause for obstructive @entity3551 in our experience is ureteral compression due to a gravid uterus. Choice therapy in most cases is conservative treatment. When in spite of conservative treatment signs and symptoms persist, urinary by-pass with antibiotic prophylaxis must be performed. Ureterorenoscpy as a diagnostic and therapeutical approach should be taken into consideration in pregnant @entity1 with @entity1901 . Incidence of pre-term labour was not higher than usual.

title: [Management of obstructive XXXX in pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic obstructive uropathy', 'Obstructive uropathy', 'uropathy']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary sepsis']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['lithiasis']

answer: @entity3551 :: (MESH:C536483,Disease) :: ['uropathy']


abstract: @entity393 ( @entity393 ) is genetically heterogeneous and can be caused by mutations in multiple gene lesions. @entity18260 , caused by mutation of @entity6361 , is one of the common causes of @entity3491 . Mitochondrial mutation is another rare cause of @entity393 , resulting in late onset @entity1274 . Recently, we evaluated a young @entity1 representing bilateral progressive moderate @entity393 with delayed language development, along with her family. Hearing test, temporal bone computed tomography, and genetic evaluation of @entity3492 , @entity22536 , @entity6361 gene mutations were performed on each family member. Her mother was prelingually deaf and displayed @entity15902 ( @entity15902 ) along with @entity5651 . Interestingly, subject's mother showed both @entity6361 mutation and mitochondrial @entity14505 heteroplasmic mutation at the same time. The sisters did not display @entity15902 or @entity5651 . Although the subject's older sister showed both @entity2319 and mitochondrial @entity14505 heteroplasmy, her younger sister showed only @entity14505 homoplasmy, which suggests @entity14505 homoplasmy as the genetic cause of @entity393 . This is the first report of @entity393 caused by mitochondrial @entity14505 homoplasmy from a mother with @entity18260 coexistent with @entity14505 heteroplasmy in the Korean population.

title: A1555G homoplasmic mutation from @entity14505 heteroplasmic mother with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18260 :: ('MESH:C536648', 'Disease') :: ['Pendred syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['recessive syndromic profound HL']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['prelingual deafness']

entities_list: @entity15902 :: ('MESH:C566366', 'Disease') :: ['EVA', 'enlarged vestibular aqueduct']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural HL']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'genetic HL', 'hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

answer: @entity18260 :: (MESH:C536648,Disease) :: ['Pendred syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity2879 plus @entity900 (EP) is considered to be standard therapy for @entity151 ( @entity151 ). To determine whether drug intensification improves survival of @entity1 with extensive @entity151 , we compared this treatment with a four-drug regimen containing EP plus @entity786 and @entity1259 ( @entity57901 ). METHODS: In a phase III clinical trial organized by the French Federation of @entity5 Institutes, @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either EP (n = 109; @entity2879 at a dose of 100 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 plus @entity900 at 100 mg/m(2) on day 2) or @entity57901 (n = 117; @entity2879 and @entity900 given as in EP plus @entity786 at 400 mg/m(2) on days 1-3 and @entity1259 at 40 mg/m(2) on day 1) every 4 weeks. Both groups received a total of six cycles. Survival differences were analyzed by Wilcoxon and log-rank tests. Associations of treatment group and putative prognostic variables with survival were tested in the Cox proportional hazards model. Quality of life was assessed from the responses to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 quality-of-life questionnaire (C30, health status and @entity2 module 13). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity57901 arm had a statistically significant higher frequency of combined complete plus partial responses compared with those in the EP arm (21% plus 55% versus 13% plus 48%, respectively; P =.02 for difference in combined objective responses). @entity1 in the @entity57901 arm survived longer than those in the EP arm (1-year survival rate: 40% and 29%, respectively; median survival: 10.5 and 9.3 months, respectively; log-rank P =.0067). In the Cox model, the relative risk of @entity204 for @entity1 in the @entity57901 arm compared with those in the EP arm was 0.70 (95% confidence interval = 0.51 to 0.95); the disease also progressed more slowly in @entity1 in the @entity57901 arm. @entity1503 was higher in the @entity57901 arm (22% with documented @entity281 compared with 8% in the EP arm; P =.0038), and the @entity137 -related @entity204 rate was 9% in the @entity57901 arm versus 5.5% in the EP arm (P =.22). The global health status showed similar improvement in both arms during treatment. CONCLUSION: Compared with the EP regimen, the @entity57901 regimen yielded higher response rates and better survival rates in @entity1 with extensive @entity151 without affecting the quality of life of the @entity1 during chemotherapy.

title: @entity2879 plus @entity900 with or without the combination of @entity1259 plus @entity786 in treatment of extensive @entity151 : a French Federation of XXXX Institutes multicenter phase III randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ["4'-epidoxorubicin"]

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the longitudinal course of treatment outcome in @entity1 with @entity11530 . The authors conducted a second follow-up assessment on a cohort of hair pullers previously studied. METHOD: Forty-four subjects completed a hair-pulling questionnaire and paper-and-pencil measures of hair-pulling severity and impact, psychosocial functioning, @entity308 , @entity148 , and self-esteem. Mean time elapsed between the first and second follow-up assessment was 2.5 years (index evaluation to first follow-up = 3.5 years). RESULTS: Twenty-seven subjects (61.4%) had active treatment since the first follow-up. No significant changes in hair pulling, @entity308 , @entity148 , or psychosocial functioning were reported from first to second follow-up. Self-esteem scores significantly worsened during this period (p = .000). A trend toward worsening also existed for psychosocial impact scores. Comparison of scores at index evaluation with second follow-up still showed significant improvement over time for hair pulling (p = .001) but significant worsening in self-esteem (p = .000). Treatment and responder status were unrelated to clinical functioning, with the exception of @entity308 and psychosocial impact. CONCLUSION: Although hair pullers exhibit initial improvement with treatment, scale scores plateau or worsen by second follow-up. Significant worsening in self-esteem at second follow-up may be related to the absence of further improvements in hair-pulling severity. Future research should focus on the interrelationships among self-esteem, @entity308 , and hair pulling during treatment for this disorder.

title: Longitudinal follow-up of naturalistic treatment outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11530 :: ('MESH:D014256', 'Disease') :: ['trichotillomania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity11530 :: (MESH:D014256,Disease) :: ['trichotillomania']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of thoracoscopic drainage with open drainage of @entity3509 in @entity1 . A retrospective case history audit was done of @entity1 presenting to a single major paediatric centre who underwent thoracoscopy drainage and decortication or open decortication and drainage (thoracotomy) between January 2000 and September 2002. Time to resolution of @entity281 , duration of intercostal catheter (ICC) drainage, postoperative morphine requirements, and length of hospital admission were compared as primary measures of outcome. Thirty-three @entity1 , 17 male and 16 female, aged between 1 month and 21 years were included in the study. Median age at surgery was 2.6 years. The location of the @entity3509 was right-sided in 17 @entity1 and left-sided in 16 @entity1 . The @entity3509 was drained by thoracoscopy in 11 @entity1 , and 22 @entity1 underwent thoracotomy. Two @entity1 had thoracoscopy converted to thoracotomy for late-stage disease requiring greater surgical access. There were no differences between treatment groups with respect to duration of ICC drainage (p=0.6), duration of @entity221 (p=0.6), length of stay (p=0.9), or postoperative @entity1286 use (p=0.2). However, @entity158 scores were lower in the thoracoscopy group, particularly on days 2 and 3; this approached statistical significance (p=0.07). This study has demonstrated that thoracoscopic drainage is an effective procedure for treating @entity3509 in @entity1 . It is less invasive than open thoracotomy and is associated with less @entity1 discomfort and less severe @entity158 as measured by objective @entity158 scores. We advocate thoracoscopic drainage for the majority of @entity1 with @entity3509 , except for those with @entity1442 .

title: Comparison of thoracoscopic drainage with open thoracotomy for treatment of paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['overall pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['parapneumonic empyema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Left ventricular reconstruction is performed in @entity1 with @entity296 and @entity2845 or @entity910 left ventricular regions. These @entity1 may remain at risk for malignant @entity943 and hence may benefit from prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Specific guidelines for electrophysiologic testing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in @entity1 undergoing left ventricular reconstruction are lacking. We aimed to assess the residual risk and timing of @entity943 after left ventricular reconstruction to determine whether electrophysiologic risk stratification or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation can be safely deferred. METHODS: Data were prospectively gathered on 217 consecutive @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fractions less than 40% undergoing left ventricular reconstruction at our institution from 1997 to 2002. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: group 1, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator present before surgery; group 2, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implanted early after surgery; and group 3, no implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implanted. End points were all-cause mortality (censored for cardiac transplantation) and appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies. RESULTS: Of 217 @entity1 (mean age, 61 +/- 10 years [mean +/- SD]), survival after a median follow-up of 381 days was 90%. Electrophysiologic studies successfully identified @entity1 at low risk. Appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies occurred in 20% of group 1 and 12% of group 2. The median time to the first implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy from the time of left ventricular reconstruction was 43 days, and most first therapies (67%) occurred within the first 63 days. CONCLUSIONS: The early event rates (occurring in the first 90 days after left ventricular reconstruction) support the use of predischarge electrophysiologic studies, implantation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators before discharge from the hospital, or both.

title: Residual high incidence of XXXX after left ventricular reconstructive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity369 -vasopressin (AVP) stimulates adrenocorticotropin and beta-endorphin release from corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland through mechanisms which are not initiated by an elevation of the cellular levels of @entity268 . In the present study the effect of AVP on the cytoplasmic concentrations of free @entity460 ions in @entity35 anterior pituitary cells was examined. Cytosolic free @entity141 concentrations were monitored directly using the new, intracellularly trapped fluorescent indicator @entity593 . In cells incubated in medium containing 1.3 mmol/l @entity141 , @entity1831 (100 nmol/l) caused an immediate elevation of the cytoplasmic @entity141 concentration by about 50 nmol/l (P less than 0.001). The intracellular @entity141 levels remained elevated during the observation period of 2-3 min. This effect of AVP was blocked by a specific vasopressin antagonist. By contrast, the glucocorticoid @entity619 did not affect the AVP-induced elevation of cytosolic @entity141 concentration. When the cells were incubated in @entity141 -free medium ( @entity141 omitted, EGTA 2 mmol/l), the AVP-induced as well as the K+ depolarization-induced increase in free cytoplasmic @entity141 were abolished, whereas the ionophore @entity1360 evoked a rapid transient elevation of free @entity141 . The increase in cytoplasmic @entity141 concentration induced by AVP was preserved in medium containing the @entity460 channel blockers @entity1025 ( @entity1025 31.2 mmol/l; @entity141 1.3 mmol/l) or @entity594 (1 mumol/l). The @entity972 -evoked @entity460 signal was blocked by @entity1025 (31.2 mmol/l). We conclude that vasopressin induces a rapid rise in the cytoplasmic concentration of free @entity460 ions in corticotrophs. Vasopressin may mobilize @entity460 through mechanisms that neither are glucocorticoid-sensitive nor involve the influx of extracellular @entity460 through voltage-dependent @entity460 channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intracellular free @entity460 concentration in XXXX anterior pituitary cells as indicated by @entity593 : effect of @entity369 -vasopressin.

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate efficacy of modified retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in the management of @entity1 with pathological stage (PS) I non-seminomatous germ cell @entity5 (NSGCT) in a retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 2002 and April 2012, 55 @entity1 with clinical stage (CS) I NSGCT had undergone modified RPLND according to Sloan-Kettering modified RPLND template. Clinicopathological parameters, retroperitoneal relapse, and antegrade ejaculation rate were evaluated in @entity1 with PS I. RESULTS: Of 55 @entity1 , 41 (74.5%) and 14 (25.5%) subjects were in PS I and II, respectively. In PS I group, the mean @entity1 ' age was 32.8 years (range, 19 to 51 years) at the end of the follow-up period. Three @entity1 missed the follow-up; hence, were excluded from the study. Mean follow-up duration was 56 months (range, 6 to 120 months). @entity5 recurrence was identified in no subjects at the end of the follow-up period. Overall peri and postoperative complication rate was 18% (7 @entity1 ). Out of 38 @entity1 , 23 (61%) had post RPLND antegrade ejaculation at the end of the study. CONCLUSION: Modified template RPLND is a safe, effective, and sufficient treatment for @entity1 with no retroperitoneal micrometastasis after the procedure. Furthermore, this strategy may obviate the need for close, expensive, and potentially harmful follow-up protocol in @entity1 with PS I NSGCT.

title: Is modified retroperitoneal lymph node dissection alive for clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'testicular tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular tumor']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a telemedicine system based on internet in the follow-up of @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: A prospective randomized telemedicine study with two parallel groups was designed. 114 @entity1 diagnosed @entity6 were randomly divided into telemedicine group and traditional face-to-face visit group as control. 57 cases were included for each group. 108 @entity1 completed the trial, in which 53 cases in telemedicine group and 55 cases in control group. @entity1 in telemedicine group were taught to use telemedicine software to upload their @entity13897 and other metabolic information at home at least every 2 weeks, and the researchers gave proper advices according to @entity1 ' key behaviors. The telemedicine interval is 3 months. RESULTS: Compared to control group, telemedicine group exhibited better @entity4051 c and fasting @entity13897 controlling (P < 0.05). Moreover, telemedicine intervention decreased @entity4053 risk (P = 0.044), and contributed to levels of HbA1c less than 7% which is the target of our study (P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine system can provide a tighter glycemic control for the treatment of @entity6 @entity1 , especially in cases with difficulties to access to the medical centre.

title: Web-based telemedicine for management of type 2 XXXX through glucose uploads: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity13897 :: ('MESH:D018149', 'Disease') :: ['blood glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has recently been introduced as a minimal invasive alternative to conventional treatment for @entity1318 . This study aimed to clarify the feasibility and the short-term clinical efficacy of POEM as compared to laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM). METHODS: Treatment outcomes were prospectively recorded and compared between the procedures in a nonrandomized fashion. Reduction rate (RR) in timed barium esophagogram (TBE) was calculated at 1, 2 and 5 min after barium ingestion as: RR = 1- postoperative barium height/preoperative barium height. Risk factors for treatment failure defined as the proportion of @entity1 with RR <0.5 (1 min) and @entity354 ( @entity354 ) after POEM were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-two consecutive @entity1 who underwent POEM were compared to 41 @entity1 who had a LHM during the immediate time period prior to the introduction of POEM. Ninety percent of the cases reported complete symptom relief after POEM. The percentage of esophageal emptying and RR in TBE improved dramatically by both procedures without significant difference. A longer operation time (odds ratio [OR] 32.80, 95%CI 2.99-359.82, p = 0.004) and younger age (OR 26.81, 95%CI 2.09-344.03, p = 0.012) were the independent predictors of treatment failure after POEM. @entity354 was observed in seven @entity1 where previous dilatation (OR 8.59, 95%CI 1.16-63.45, p = 0.035) and higher body mass index (OR 8.69, 95%CI 1.13-66.63, p = 0.037) were the independent predictors for symptomatic @entity354 after POEM. CONCLUSION: POEM seems to be a safe and effective treatment option for @entity1318 in the short-term perspective; an effect well comparable to LHM.

title: Per-oral endoscopic myotomy for XXXX . Are results comparable to laparoscopic Heller myotomy?

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the long-term efficacy, safety, and compliance associated with @entity13366 ( @entity13366 ) in Korean @entity1 with @entity2023 sensitized to house dust mites. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 164 @entity1 who were sensitized to @entity7130 and @entity8786 and who received @entity13366 were enrolled between November 2007 and January 2010. Each @entity1 was followed up using a diary card, on which a symptom score, rescue medication score, and adverse events (AEs) were recorded. RESULTS: All @entity2023 symptoms improved after 3 years of @entity13366 (P<0.05), and the rescue medication score decreased with time (P<0.05). The incidence of AEs associated with @entity13366 was 31% (51 of 164 @entity1 ) during the first month of therapy, and there were no severe AEs. The dropout rate was 19.5% (32 of 164 @entity1 ) during the first month, 34% (56 of 164 @entity1 ) after 6 months, and 41% (68 of 164 @entity1 ) after 1 year of @entity13366 . The 3-year compliance rate was approximately 40% (65 of 164 @entity1 ). The most common causes of dropout during the first month of @entity13366 were high cost and inconvenience. The improvement in allergic symptoms was the most common cause of dropout after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity56 significantly decreased after 1 year of @entity13366 treatment, and this effect was sustained after 2 or 3 years of treatment. By increasing compliance through @entity1 education, the 3-year use of @entity13366 for house dust mite @entity566 may be effective in the management of @entity2023 .

title: Three-Year Follow-up Results of Sublingual Immunotherapy in @entity1 With XXXX Sensitized to House Dust Mites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity13366 :: ('MESH:D013362', 'Disease') :: ['SLIT', 'sublingual immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic symptoms']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['Allergic Rhinitis']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity418 is poor, due to frequent local recurrence and distant @entity3 . The last decade has also seen that brachytherapy as a treatment with real potential to improve the therapeutic ratio of external irradiation. From March 1993 to October 1994 at the Institute of oncology and radiology in Belgrade, 18 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 were treated by combined intralumenal brachytherapywith external beam irradiation. Median age was 59.6 years (range 43-70) and male/female ratio 2.6:1. Biopsy via endoscopy showed @entity957 in 17 @entity1 and @entity420 in one case. External beam radiotherapywas applied on linear accelerator by locoregional texhnique with @entity5 dose of 30-60 Gy in 10-30 fractions. Intralumenal brachytherapy was eprformed on microselectron with @entity5 dose 5-20 Gy in 1-4 fractions. Response rate (complete response rate + partial response rate) was registrated in 13/18 (72%) @entity1 . The good paliative effect for @entity1282 , continuated passage for any food and increase body weight was shown in 16/18 (88%) @entity1 . Six months after treatment, 7/13 @entity1 were free of disease. Acute complications as @entity7841 occured in majority of @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of locally advanced XXXX by combined intralumenal brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['irradiation pesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the third most common @entity5 in @entity1 and the second in @entity1 worldwide. @entity14 development is the result of genetic and epigenetic alterations accumulation in the epithelial cells of colon mucosa. In the present study, DNA methylation, an epigenetic event, was evaluated in tumoral and matching normal epithelium in a cohort of 61 @entity14 @entity1 . The results confirmed and expanded knowledge for the @entity5 suppressor genes @entity6756 , @entity8724 , @entity1412 , and @entity5962 . Promoter methylation was observed for all the examined genes in different percentage. A total of 71% and 10% of the examined cases were found to be methylated in two or more and in all genes, respectively. mRNA and protein levels were also evaluated. Promoter methylation of @entity6756 , @entity8724 , @entity1412 , and @entity5962 genes was present at the early stages of @entity5 's formation and it could also be detected in the normal mucosa. Correlations of the methylated genes with @entity1 's age and @entity5 's clinicopathological characteristics were also observed. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation is a useful marker for @entity5 progression monitoring and that promoter methylation in certain genes is associated with more advanced @entity5 stage, poor differentiation, and @entity3 .

title: Expression and promoter methylation status of @entity6756 , @entity8724 , @entity1412 , and @entity5962 genes in XXXX with colon adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) has become the standard treatment option for @entity1318 . The incidence of esophageal perforation reported is about 5%-10%. Robotically assisted Heller myotomy (RAHM) is emerging as a safe alternative to LHM. Data comparing the two approaches are scant. The aim of this study was to compare RAHM with LHM in terms of efficacy and safety for treatment of @entity1318 . A total of 121 @entity1 underwent surgical treatment of @entity1318 at three institutions. A retrospective review of prospectively collected perioperative data was performed. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group A (RAHM), 59 @entity1 , and group B (LHM), 62 @entity1 . All the operations were completed using minimally invasive techniques. There were 63 @entity1 and 58 @entity1 , with a mean age of 45 +/- 19 years (14-82 years). Fifty-one percent of @entity1 in group A and 95% of @entity1 in group B reported @entity353 . Duration of symptoms was equal for both groups. @entity1282 was the main complaint in both groups (P = NS). There was no difference in preoperative endoscopic treatment in both groups (44% versus 27%, P = NS). Operative time was significantly shorter for LHM in the first half of the experience (141 +/- 49 versus 122 +/- 44 minutes, P < .05). However, in the last 30 cases there was no difference in operative time between the groups (P = NS). @entity3816 (esophageal perforation) were more frequent in group B (16% versus 0%). The incidence of postoperative heartburn did not differ by group. There were no deaths. At 18 and 22 months, 92% and 90% of @entity1 had relief of their @entity1282 . This study suggests that RAHM is safer than LHM, because it decreases the incidence of esophageal perforation to 0%, even in @entity1 who had previous treatment. At short-term follow-up, relief of @entity1282 was equally achieved in both groups

title: Robotic-assisted Heller myotomy versus laparoscopic Heller myotomy for the treatment of XXXX : multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['esophageal achalasia']


abstract: The ultrastructural characteristics of a feminizing interstitial (Leydig) cell @entity5 of the @entity1062 were compared with those of normal Leydig cells and with the findings described in 10 published cases of @entity8302 . The neoplastic Leydig cells superficially resembled normal Leydig cells. Similarities included abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipid, and microbodies. Contrastingly, Reinke crystalloids and paracrystalline inclusions were absent and lipochrome pigment and lysosomes very rare. The nuclei were large and contained enlarged, often multiple, nucleoli. The nuclear membranes tended to be irregular and undulating. Cytoplasmic membranous whorls and myelin figures were conspicuous. Fairly homogeneous fibrous septa were evident between single and grouped @entity5 cells. Despite several individual variations, there is a general resemblance between the neoplastic Leydig cells in this @entity1 and those previously reported. No distinguishing ultrastructural characteristics were discerned between feminizing and virilizing @entity8302 .

title: Electron microscopy of a feminizing @entity8302 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell tumor', 'Leydig cell tumors']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: A review of the current literature reveals no systematic analyses of the results of surgical correction of @entity85 after pediatric organ transplantation. We therefore evaluated clinical and radiographic outcomes of @entity85 after solid organ transplantation in childhood and adolescence. All 211 cases of heart, liver, and kidney transplantations performed in @entity1 in our country were reviewed. Six @entity1 had undergone surgical correction of @entity85 at a mean age 14.6 (range 12-17) years. Clinical data of the @entity1 were evaluated. Radiographs of the whole spine were taken preoperatively, immediately after, at 2-year, and final follow-up visits. The @entity1635 ( @entity1635 ) questionnaire was completed and a physical examination was performed at the final follow-up visit. The mean follow-up after spinal surgery was 4.9 years (range 2-7.6 years). Four @entity1 developed @entity1635 after organ transplantation without any evidence of @entity1635 prior to organ transplantation. One @entity1 with @entity1635 was operated on after kidney transplantation. One @entity1 had @entity170 and severe @entity1513 due to @entity3814 . Four @entity1 underwent anterior and posterior surgery, two posterior only. The mean preoperative Cobb angle of the thoracic curve was 54 degrees (range 42-69 degrees) in the @entity1 with @entity1635 . The postoperative values were 30 degrees (26-38 degrees) immediately after instrumentation and 39 degrees (34-42 degrees) at the final follow-up visit. The @entity1 with @entity3814 and progressive @entity1513 had 70 degrees curve before surgery, 23 degrees immediately after the operation, and 60 degrees at the final check up. The mean total score on the @entity1635 questionnaire was 95.5 (range 90-101). There is a relatively high incidence (2.8%) of @entity85 needing operative treatment after solid organ transplantation. Possible etiologies for @entity85 are growth disturbance and @entity425 due to the basic disease. The other important factors are related to immunosuppressive medication, especially glucocorticoids needed after transplantation. Primary correction of these deformities was satisfactory, but during follow-up, a certain amount of recurrence of the curves was evident. Poor bone quality may explain some of the loss of correction.

title: Surgical correction of XXXX after solid organ transplantation in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['kyphosis', 'local kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'Scoliosis Research Society', 'SRS', 'congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'spinal deformity', 'spinal deformity correction']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1358 often form venous thrombi that extend into the vena cava. Frequently, cardiovascular consultation is necessary for complete surgical excision. We sought to investigate the risk factors, surgical techniques, and outcomes of @entity1 treated for @entity1358 with @entity1211 . METHODS: We reviewed the records of 46 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical management of @entity1358 with @entity1211 between 1991 and 2005. Data on @entity1 history, staging, surgical techniques, morbidity, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 29 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 with a mean age of 60.2 +/- 12.0 years. Twenty-five (54%) procedures were completed with cardiovascular assistance. Nephrectomy was performed in 44 (96%) cases. Three (7%) @entity1 underwent right heart venovenous bypass, and 2 (5%) @entity1 underwent cardiopulmonary bypass with @entity1167 . Fourteen (32%) @entity1 had perioperative complications, including 1 (2%) perioperative @entity204 . @entity1 who required cardiovascular procedures (inferior vena cava clamping, right heart venovenous bypass, and cardiopulmonary bypass with @entity1167 ) had higher risks of perioperative complications (P < .02). The 1-, 2-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 78%, 69%, and 56%. CONCLUSIONS: This large series demonstrates that aggressive treatment of @entity1358 with @entity1211 provides favorable outcomes. Our 5-year survival is among the highest of recent reviews, and our perioperative morbidity and mortality rates are comparable with those of other series. @entity5 that require cardiovascular procedures are associated with increased complications when compared with radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy alone. Nevertheless, this aggressive treatment approach offers encouraging @entity1 survival.

title: Contemporary techniques and safety of cardiovascular procedures in the surgical management of XXXX with @entity5 thrombus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombus', 'venous extension']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: An isolated, perfused and ventilated @entity840 lung was used to compare the duration of effect of the bronchodilating @entity20530 agonists @entity6410 , @entity10453 and @entity4183 . Lung conductance was measured real time with the aid of a computer. Bronchoconstriction was induced in the preparation every 10 min by bolus injections of @entity934 into the pulmonary artery. Lung conductance was reduced by about 70% after @entity934 . The test compounds or the vehicle was administered for 1 min as aerosols generated from solutions: @entity6410 (10 mumol/l), @entity10453 (100 mumol/l) and @entity4183 (1000 mumol/l). This treatment inhibited the response to @entity934 by 50-60% within the first 10 min for all three test compounds. The onset of action appeared to be slower for @entity10453 than for @entity6410 and @entity4183 . The inhibitory effect of @entity4183 disappeared completely during the next 20 min of continuous perfusion (single pass), while both @entity6410 and @entity10453 displayed a significant inhibitory effect 40 min after their administration. @entity6410 , when inhaled at a higher dose (100 mumol/l), caused a 90% inhibition of the response to @entity934 . This effect was completely reversed by 0.1 mumol/l @entity1169 in the perfusion medium. There were in general no major changes in the basal conductance measured between the @entity934 provocations.

title: @entity6410 and @entity10453 are both long acting compared to XXXX in the isolated perfused and ventilated @entity840 lung.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['Formoterol', 'formoterol']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4183 :: (MESH:D013726,Chemical) :: ['terbutaline']


abstract: There are limited prospective angiographic data on stent deployment for long coronary lesions. This multicenter prospective study enrolled 120 @entity1 with a single de novo @entity850 >20 mm in length, in a native vessel > or =3 mm diameter, suitable for a MultiLink stent 25 to 35 mm in length with additional stent deployment if required. Quantitative angiography before and immediately after stenting and at 6-month follow-up assessed @entity256 for the complete lesion and for 5-mm segments of the stented and adjacent nonstented vessel. By 1 year, @entity583 had occurred in 3% and target vessel repeat revascularization in 12% of @entity1 . The mean stented length (35.8 +/- 14.6 mm) closely matched mean lesion length (30.1 +/- 13.5 mm). @entity256 to > or =50% diameter loss occurred in 32% of @entity1 , but to > or =70% in only 8%. Of the 147 segments (5 mm in length) with baseline @entity850 <25%, only 3 @entity1 (2%) developed @entity256 of > or =50%, and only in 1 of these was it > or =70%. Stenting of long narrowings is associated with good clinical outcome and a low rate of severe @entity256 . Mildly @entity66 covered by a stent rarely became severely narrowed and had negligible influence on the overall @entity256 rate. These data support a strategy of full lesion coverage by stent deployment.

title: Six-month angiographic and 12-month clinical follow-up of MultiLink long (25 to 35 mm) stents for long coronary narrowings in XXXX with angina pectoris.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseased segments of long lesions']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The pathology of @entity7581 was studied in 81 @entity1 (31 @entity1 , 50 @entity1 , mean age 48.4 years) suffering from persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, and in 44 @entity1 (28 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 , mean age 48.5 years) with @entity8579 . @entity9608 were seen in the pancreas of all @entity1 with persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. In 70 of the 81 @entity1 the @entity9608 was solitary, whereas six @entity1 had @entity9608 . In five @entity1 with @entity7582 , @entity5 were visible, only one of them in each case being an @entity9608 . 75% of all @entity9608 were less than 2 cm in size and 15% were malignant. 18 of the 44 @entity8579 @entity1 also had @entity7582 . Nine of these @entity1 presented with duodenal @entity7581 which were often multiple and smaller than 0.5 cm. The @entity7581 was located in the pancreas of one of the @entity1 with @entity3018 , in two @entity1 in lymph nodes, and no @entity7581 was identified in the specimens from six @entity1 . 33% of the duodenal @entity7581 had metastasised. @entity7581 were found in all 26 @entity1 with @entity8579 , 14 being located in the pancreas (diameter over 2 cm in eight cases) and ten in the duodenum (diameter less than 1 cm in seven cases). 16 of these @entity7581 were malignant.

title: [The pathology of @entity7581 . The location, size, multicentricity, association with @entity7582 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7582 :: ('MESH:D018761', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type I']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Insulinomas', 'insulinoma', 'insulinomas', 'multiple insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine tumours of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome', 'sporadic Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma', 'Solitary gastrinomas', 'insulinoma and gastrinoma', 'gastrinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although uncomplicated @entity2335 is often self-limiting, most such @entity1 will be prescribed antibiotic treatment. We are investigating whether treatment of @entity2335 with an NSAID is as effective as an antibiotic in achieving symptomatic resolution. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a randomized, controlled, double blind trial following the principles of Good Clinical Practice. @entity1 between the ages of 18 to 60 presenting with symptoms of uncomplicated @entity2335 are screened for eligibility. 500 @entity1 from four sites in Norway, Sweden and Denmark are allocated to treatment with 600  mg @entity5018 three times a day or 200  mg mecillinam three times a day for three days. Allocation is conducted using block randomization. The primary outcome is the number of @entity1 who feel cured by day four as recorded in a diary. Adverse events will be handled and reported in accordance with Good Clinical Practice. DISCUSSION: If treatment of uncomplicated @entity2335 with @entity5018 is as effective as mecillinam for symptom relief, we can potentially reduce the use of antibiotics on a global scale. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCTnr: 2012-002776-14. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01849926 .

title: XXXX versus mecillinam for uncomplicated @entity2335 - a randomized controlled trial study protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['Ibuprofen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is a long-term condition in which the kidneys do not work correctly. It has a high prevalence and represents a serious hazard to @entity1 health and estimated to affects hundreds of millions of @entity1 . @entity6 and @entity101 are the two principal causes of @entity740 . The progression of @entity740 is characterized by the loss of renal cells and their replacement by extracellular matrix (ECM), independently of the associated disease. Thus, one of the consequences of @entity740 is @entity631 and tubulointerstitial @entity82 caused by an imbalance between excessive synthesis and reduced breakdown of the ECM. There are many molecules and cells that are associated with progression of @entity8 e.g. @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ). Therefore, in order to understand the biopathology of @entity8 and for the evaluation of new treatments, the use of animal models is crucial such as: surgical, chemical and physical models, spontaneous models, genetic models and in vitro models. However, there are currently no effective treatments for preventing the progression of @entity8 . Therefore it is essential to improve our knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the progress of @entity8 in order to achieve a reversion/elimination of @entity8 .

title: Pathophysiological Mechanisms of XXXX : A Review of Animal Models and Therapeutic Strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Ang II']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal Fibrosis']


abstract: AIMS: (1) To evaluate the acceptability and validity of an intervention based on urine tests for diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea and @entity1047 in @entity1 in remote Aboriginal communities. (2) To provide a prevalence estimate of these @entity281 in the male population in the surveyed communities. METHODS: First-void urine samples from 460 @entity1 in remote communities and 33 @entity1 in the Alice Springs Gaol were tested for gonorrhoea and @entity1047 with at least one of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and culture (gonorrhoea only). RESULTS: One hundred and three @entity1 (20.9%) were infected with gonorrhoea or @entity1047 . The prevalence of @entity281 for gonorrhoea only was 11.7%, for @entity1047 only 4.1% and for dual @entity281 5.1%. Eighty-eight infected @entity1 and 45 of their sexual partners were recorded as having been treated within two months of testing. PCR tests detected the largest number of @entity281 and were the easiest to use. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of these @entity281 was higher than anticipated. Urine PCR tests were acceptable to @entity1 and are well suited to the remote-community setting. As an effective alternative to urethral swabs, they permit a range of community-based strategies to address high rates of @entity281 with gonorrhoea and @entity1047 .

title: Urinary diagnosis of gonorrhoea and XXXX in @entity1 in remote aboriginal communities.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['Chlamydia']