abstract: It is well known that @entity5 cells secrete angiogenic factors to recruit and sustain @entity5 vascular networks. However, little is known about the effect of endothelial cell-secreted factors on the phenotype and behavior of @entity5 cells. The hypothesis underlying this study is that endothelial cells initiate signaling pathways that enhance @entity5 cell survival and migration. Here, we observed that soluble mediators from primary @entity1 dermal microvascular endothelial cells induce phosphorylation of @entity4104 ( @entity4104 ), @entity584 , and @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) in a panel of @entity213 ( @entity213 ) cells (OSCC-3, UM-SCC-1, UM-SCC-17B, UM-SCC-74A). Gene expression analysis demonstrated that @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity687 ( @entity687 ), and @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) are upregulated in endothelial cells cocultured with @entity213 . Blockade of endothelial cell-derived @entity650 , @entity687 , or @entity4179 by gene silencing or neutralizing antibodies inhibited phosphorylation of @entity4104 , @entity584 , and @entity3963 in @entity5 cells, respectively. Notably, activation of @entity4104 , @entity584 , and @entity3963 by endothelial cells enhanced migration and inhibited anoikis of @entity5 cells. We have previously demonstrated that @entity588 is upregulated in @entity5 microvessels in @entity1 with @entity213 . Here, we observed that @entity588 signaling induces expression of @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity4179 , providing a mechanism for the upregulation of these cytokines in @entity5 -associated endothelial cells. This study expands the contribution of endothelial cells to the pathobiology of @entity5 cells. It unveils a new mechanism in which endothelial cells function as initiators of molecular crosstalks that enhance survival and migration of @entity5 cells.

title: Cross talk initiated by endothelial cells enhances migration and inhibits anoikis of squamous cell carcinoma cells through XXXX / @entity584 / @entity3963 signaling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4104 :: ('6774', 'Gene') :: ['STAT3', 'signal transducer and activator of transcription 3']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity4104 :: (6774,Gene) :: ['STAT3']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the current radiographic follow-up recommendations of thoracic radiologists after detection of a new @entity231 , suspected to be " @entity55 ," on chest radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An anonymized, Institutional Review Board-approved, Internet-based survey was sent to the 735 members of the Society of Thoracic Radiology by e-mail. Questions focused on individual practices and institutional policies after radiographic detection of suspected @entity55 . Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate for possible associations between recommendation practices and demographic variables, various clinical situations, and radiographic features. RESULTS: Of the 209 radiologists who responded, 42% "always" recommended follow-up radiographs for new opacities detected on chest radiographs, 55% "sometimes" recommended follow-up, and 2% "never" recommended follow-up. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that "years in practice" (P=0.0043) and "number of outpatient posterior-anterior and lateral chest radiographs interpreted per week" (P=0.027) were significant predictors of the recommendation practices. In addition, the multivariable logistic regression analysis pointed to the type of practice (academic vs. private) as an additional independent predictor of the recommendation practices (P=0.0294). The recommendations of those radiologists recommending follow-up "sometimes" were most often influenced by the radiographic appearance of the @entity231 and @entity1 age. Only 4% reported an institutional policy. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of responding radiologists recommended follow-up on a case-by-case basis, influenced by multiple factors. Only a small minority reported a standardized practice at their institution. This lack of consistency demonstrates the need for a uniform, evidence-based approach.

title: Radiographic follow-up of suspected XXXX : survey of Society of Thoracic Radiology membership.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a clear association between excessive @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) consumption and the risk of @entity1164 . The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated (HCN) current, I (f) , is known to contribute to spontaneous pacemaker activity of sinoatrial (SA) node cells. However, the exact mechanisms of @entity167 on @entity943 induction are not well understood. METHODS: The preparations of SA node were excised from @entity95 heart, transmembrane potentials were recorded by standard glass microelectrode technique, and a whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record I (f) in enzymatically isolated @entity95 SA node pacemaker cells. @entity1 @entity26038 ( @entity26038 ) and @entity26039 channels were heterologously expressed in @entity1238 oocytes and studied using 2-electrode voltage clamp technique. RESULTS: Superfusion of @entity167 increased the spontaneous firing frequency of SA node cells in a reversible fashion. Treatment with @entity15726 irreversibly depressed basal firing frequency and markedly attenuated the enhancement effect of @entity167 on firing. The stimulatory effects of @entity167 on I (f) were concentration-dependent in the range of 1 to 100  mM, with an average EC (50) value of 20.81      6.71  mM and Hill coefficient of 1.19      0.10. Furthermore, @entity167 reversibly enhanced the HCN currents in a concentration-dependent fashion with an EC (50) value of 18.41      2.75 mM for the @entity26038 channel and 21.98      3.54  mM for the @entity26039 channel, which was accompanied by the acceleration of activation and deactivation kinetics. In addition, @entity167 , at both moderate and high doses, caused a shift in the voltage dependence of @entity26039 channel activation to more depolarizing potentials. However, superfusion of high, not moderate, concentration of @entity167 caused a shift in the voltage dependence of @entity26038 channel activation to more hyperpolarizing potentials. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insight into the molecular interaction of @entity167 and the hHCN channels, which may shed light on elucidating the potentially proarrhythmic mechanism of @entity167 .

title: @entity1068 enhances XXXX hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated currents.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity15726 :: ('MESH:C088408', 'Chemical') :: ['ivabradine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Low ankle-brachial index (ABI), indicative of @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ), is a risk factor for @entity64 . ABI has been shown to be associated with @entity7662 and prognosis following @entity64 . We studied the associations of the degree of ABI lowering with @entity85 ( @entity85 ), @entity7244 ( @entity7244 ), and subsequent vascular events in a prospective cohort of acute @entity385 @entity1 . METHODS: ABI, extracranial and intracranial cerebral arteries were assessed in a blinded manner. ABI was categorized into 0.9-1.3 (normal), 0.8-0.89 (mildly lowered) and <0.8 (severely lowered). Follow-up data at 1 year were obtained from standardized telephone interviews and verified with medical records. RESULTS: Among the 1311 @entity1 , 73% had normal ABI, 13% had ABI 0.8-0.89 and 13% had ABI <0.8. Compared to @entity1 with normal ABI, those with ABI<0.8 had higher prevalence of severe @entity85 (15% vs. 5%, p = 0.006) and @entity7244 (72% vs. 48%, p = 0.003), even after adjustment for age, gender, @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity407 , @entity9927 , @entity741 and @entity955 (severe @entity85 p < 0.001, @entity7244 p < 0.001). At 1 year, @entity1 with ABI <0.8 had a higher incidence of composite vascular events (19% vs. 11%, p = 0.02), @entity64 (15% vs. 10%, p = 0.06) and @entity583 (4% vs. 2%, p = 0.07) than @entity1 with normal ABI. CONCLUSION: Among @entity385 @entity1 , large @entity7662 and incidence of subsequent vascular events at 1 year were associated with severe ABI lowering <0.8, but not with mild ABI lowering (0.8-0.89).

title: Associations of ankle-brachial index (ABI) with @entity7662 and vascular events following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial large artery disease', 'ICLAD']

entities_list: @entity7662 :: ('MESH:D002539', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['ECD', 'extracranial carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the level of occupational exposure to @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) in operating rooms (ORs), as related to different ventilation and scavenging systems used to remove waste anaesthetic gases from the work environment. METHODS: The monitoring of @entity3727 in the air covered 35 ORs in 10 hospitals equipped with different systems for ventilation and anaesthetic scavenging. The examined systems included: natural ventilation with supplementary fresh air provided by a pressure ventilation system (up to 6 air changes/h); pressure and exhaust ventilation systems equipped with ventilation units supplying fresh air to and discharging contaminated air outside the working area (more than 10 air changes/h); complete air-conditioning system with laminar air flow (more than 15 air changes/h). The measurements were carried out during surgical procedures (general anaesthesia induced intravenously and maintained with inhaled @entity3727 and @entity43626 delivered through cuffed endotracheal tubes) with connected or disconnected air scavenging. Air was collected from the breathing zone of operating personnel continuously through the whole time of anaesthesia to Tedlar((R)) bags, and @entity3727 concentrations in air samples were analyzed by adsorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS: @entity3727 levels in excess of the occupational exposure limit (OEL) value of 180mg/m(3) were registered in all ORs equipped with ventilation systems alone. The OEL value was exceeded several times in rooms with natural ventilation plus supplementary pressure ventilations and twice or less in those with pressure/exhaust ventilation systems or air conditioning. @entity3727 levels below or within the OEL value were observed in rooms where the system of air conditioning or pressure/exhaust ventilation was combined with scavenging systems. Systems combining natural/pressure ventilation with scavenging were inadequate to maintain @entity3727 concentration below the OEL value. CONCLUSION: Air conditioning and an efficient pressure/exhaust ventilation (above 12 air exchanges/h) together with efficient active scavenging systems are sufficient to sustain @entity3727 exposure in ORs at levels below or within the OEL value of 180mg/m(3).

title: Occupational exposure to XXXX - the role of scavenging and ventilation systems in reducing the exposure level in operating rooms.

entities_list: @entity43626 :: ('CHEBI:9130', 'Chemical') :: ['sevofluran']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: Epidemiologic studies suggest an association between physical activity (PA) and @entity0 risk. We examined the relationship between @entity0 in C3(1)/SV40Tag @entity19 . Female FVB/N and C3(1)/SV40Tag @entity19 were assigned to either PA [C3(1)-PA] (n=12) or sedentary (Sed) [C3(1)-Sed] (n=15) treatment and were placed in a cage with access to a running wheel (PA) or without (Sed) from 4 to 24 weeks of age (sacrifice). Physical activity data were analyzed for running distance, time and speed. Body composition was examined at 12 weeks of age. @entity5 were counted twice weekly and at sacrifice to assess multiplicity. @entity5 volume was calculated using external calipers [0.52 x (largest diameter) x (smallest diameter)2]. Heart and body weight were also recorded at sacrifice. Results showed that voluntary wheel running reduced @entity5 volume per @entity5 [C3(1)-Sed, 422.3  89.9 mm(3); C3(1)-PA, 260.2  61.7 mm(3)] (P<0.05), but was associated with @entity5 number (P<0.05). Body composition analysis showed no differences in body fat between the groups. Heart weight/body weight ratio was increased following physical activity (P<0.05) providing evidence of a training effect. In conclusion, voluntary wheel running activity was effective at slowing @entity5 growth in the C3(1)/SV40Tag @entity19 model of @entity0 , but did not inhibit @entity5 initiation. These data provide support for further development of the C3(1)/SV40Tag @entity19 model for use in understanding the role of physical activity on @entity0 progression and the mechanisms for its effects.

title: Effects of voluntary exercise on tumorigenesis in the C3(1)/SV40Tag transgenic @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'increased tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'voluntary wheel running and breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: There are still some controversies regarding the cutoff value and the influential factors of @entity3745 (Tg) concentration in washout fluid from fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy (FNA-Tg) on cervical lymph nodes (LNs) in @entity1 with @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). OBJECTIVE: Our aims were to validate the cutoff value of FNA-Tg in diagnosing malignant LNs on a large scale and to investigate the influential factors that could result in the discrepancy between the final diagnosis and FNA-Tg. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on hospital records with 528 cases of FNA-Tg measurement from 419 @entity3557 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The cutoff value of FNA-Tg was obtained from receiver operating characteristic analysis with final diagnosis. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the influential factors. RESULTS: In the final diagnosis, 190 LNs were malignant, and 338 LNs were benign. The median FNA-Tg was 521.2 (3676.8) ng/mL in malignant LNs, and 0.1 (0.2) ng/mL in benign LNs. The optimal cutoff value of FNA-Tg in distinguishing malignant LNs from benign LNs was 1.0 ng/mL (sensitivity, 93.2%; specificity, 95.9%) in all cases. Combining FNA-Tg and FNA cytology showed superior diagnostic power (sensitivity, 98.4%; specificity, 94.4%) when compared with diagnostic strategy using either FNA cytology or FNA-Tg alone. FNA-Tg, serum TSH, and serum Tg were higher in nonthyroidectomized @entity1 than in thyroidectomized @entity1 (P < .001, respectively). FNA-Tg was correlated with serum TSH and Tg levels (P < .001, respectively), and binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum TSH suppression and serum Tg presence independently affected the diagnosis made by FNA-Tg. CONCLUSIONS: Our results validated 1.0 ng/mL of FNA-Tg as a cutoff value for diagnosing LN metastasis of @entity3557 and suggested that serum TSH suppression and serum Tg presence should be considered in diagnosing @entity5 with FNA-Tg in @entity3557 @entity1 .

title: @entity3745 in washout fluid from lymph node fine-needle aspiration biopsy in XXXX : large-scale validation of the cutoff value to determine @entity5 and evaluation of discrepant results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['LN malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: In baroreceptor denervated @entity468 one internal carotid artery (ICA) or the cerebral ventricular system (CVS) was perfused with isotonic, @entity4372 and @entity2421 @entity2827 solutions. Renal sympathetic activity (RSA) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded. ICA perfusion with isotonic @entity2827 (150 mM @entity1219 ) produced no changes of RSA compared to control level,. RSA was increased from plus 30% to plus 350% in 44 tests out of 45 tests following @entity4372 (425 mM @entity1219 ) ICA perfusion. RSA was @entity2421 (aqua dest.) ICA perfusion from minus 30% to minus 100% in 37 tests out of 50 tests. The degree of RSA changes was found to depend upon the osmolarity of the solutions. 425mM @entity1219 and aqua dest. produced greater RSA changes than 290 mM @entity1219 and 75 mM @entity1219 . CVS perfusion with isotonic @entity2827 produced a slight increase of RSA compared to control levels (plus 15%). Hypertonic @entity2827 produced a RSA increase from plus 15% to plus 135% in 10 tests out of 14 tests. @entity2421 @entity2827 produced a RSA decrease from minus 15% to minus 80% in 8 tests out of 14 tests. Changes of RSA following ICA perfusions and CVS perfusions were accompanied by changes of BP in the same direction. A quantitative correlation between delta RSA and delta BP could not be found. Results suggest that renal osmoregulatory response to osmotic stimuli in the carotid artery may not just arise in response to changing ADH levels but may also be induced by changes in RSA.

title: Influence of intracranial osmotic stimuli on renal nerve activity in anaesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotonic', 'hypotonic', 'decreased following hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Gynecologic Oncology Group conducted this phase 2 trial to estimate the antitumor activity of bevacizumab and to determine the nature and degree of @entity137 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity11597 of the ovary. METHODS: A prospective, multi-institutional cooperative group trial was performed in @entity1 with recurrent, measurable @entity43 . @entity1 were allowed to have unlimited prior therapy, excluding bevacizumab. Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg was administered intravenously on day 1 of every 21-day cycle until @entity1 developed disease progression or adverse effects that prohibited further treatment. The primary endpoint was the response rate (RR). Inhibin A and B levels were measured before each cycle, and the values were examined in relation to response and progression. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 were enrolled, and all were eligible and evaluable. @entity1 received a median of 9 cycles of treatment (range, 2-37 cycles). Six @entity1 (16.7%) had partial responses (90% confidence interval, 7.5%-30.3%), 28 @entity1 (77.8%) had stable disease, and 2 @entity1 (5.6%) had progressive disease. This met the criterion for declaring the regimen active. The median progression-free survival was 9.3 months, and the median overall survival was not reached in during reporting period. Two grade 4 @entity137 occurred, including @entity101 and @entity644 ; and the most common grade 3 @entity137 were @entity101 (n   =   5) and @entity158 (n   =   5). Inhibin A and B values were lower in @entity1 who responded to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab has activity in the treatment of recurrent @entity11597 of the ovary, and its @entity137 is acceptable. Further investigation is warranted.

title: Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in recurrent sex XXXX : results of a phase 2 trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity11597 :: ('MESH:D018312', 'Disease') :: ['sex cord-stromal tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['cord-stromal ovarian tumors']


abstract: Intralesional therapy is a less invasive method for the treatment of @entity545 . The objective of this study was to evaluate intralesional injections of @entity4020 ( @entity4020 ) as an effective alternative to the surgical treatment of @entity545 . Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity545 were evaluated by use of penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography for cavernosal blood flows, degree of @entity546 , and plaque size. A questionnaire was given to all @entity1 to assess sexual function. Each @entity1 then received biweekly intralesional injections of 1 x 10(6) units of @entity4020 in 10 ml of normal saline over a period of 6 months. There was no placebo control group in this study. At the conclusion of the study, penile duplex Doppler imaging was repeated. A questionnaire was completed by all @entity1 to assess changes in sexual function after treatment. Twenty @entity1 completed the study, with all @entity1 reporting subjective softening of their plaques. Nine of 10 @entity1 initially reporting @entity546 with erection (90%) had resolution of their phallalgia while on study protocol. Thirteen @entity1 (65%) had significant improvement in curvature, ranging from 20 to 90%. Seventeen @entity1 (85%) demonstrated an objective 10 to 80% decrease in plaque size. Biweekly intralesional injections of @entity545 with @entity4020 resulted in a significant improvement in @entity546 , diminished @entity158 , and reduced plaque size, and resulted in a subjective improvement in sexual function.

title: A pilot study demonstrating clinical benefit from intralesional @entity4020 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's plaques", "Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha 2B', 'IFN-alpha-2B']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile curvature', 'penile pain']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Therapy of @entity560 -resistant @entity12146 (VDXLR) consists of oral @entity1391 and @entity560 supplements. @entity79 , @entity158 , and small stature can occur even in @entity1 with good compliance, requiring surgical correction and bone lengthening. However, only few surgical reports are available. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (three males) with VDXLR were followed at our institution. Median age at diagnosis was 3 9/12 years (range, birth to 11 10/12) with a follow-up period of 7 8/12 years (1 9/12-30) and age at last follow-up of 13 6/12 years (2-30). Eight @entity1 underwent surgical correction, three of them in combination with bone lengthening. The corrections were performed at the end of growth in three @entity1 . Clinical endpoints were height, @entity13197 , and @entity158 . RESULTS: Single bilateral surgical correction was performed in six @entity1 ; one @entity1 each had three and five corrections. Bone lengthening was performed in three @entity1 . At last follow-up, the height of seven operated @entity1 was within normal range. In addition, @entity13197 was normalized in six @entity1 with mild genua vara in two. Only one @entity1 complained of intermittent @entity158 . Bone healing was excellent; surgical complications were rare. There was no radiological evidence of degenerative @entity2720 . CONCLUSIONS: Medical treatment remains the main pillar of therapy in @entity1 with VDXLR. In case of @entity79 , surgery can safely be performed, independent of age or bone maturation. All @entity1 were satisfied with the results of axial corrective surgery and bone lengthening, and in the majority only one corrective intervention was needed.

title: Metabolic and orthopedic management of X-linked @entity560 -resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone deformity', 'Bone deformities']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity12146 :: ('MESH:D063730', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemic rickets']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity12146 :: (MESH:D063730,Disease) :: ['hypophosphatemic rickets']


abstract: The authors quantified the impact of @entity101 on @entity210 incidence in middle-aged white and African American @entity1 and @entity1 . The @entity731 Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) was a prospective population-based cohort that recruited @entity1 between 1987 and 1989 from 4 US communities. Using a time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model, the authors estimated the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident @entity210 by time-varying @entity101 and tested for mediation by serum urate level. There were 10,872 @entity1 among whom 45% had @entity101 during follow-up; 43% were @entity1 and 21% were African American. Over 9 years, 274 (2.5%) @entity1 developed @entity210 (1.8% of @entity1 and 3.5% of @entity1 ). The unadjusted HR of incident @entity210 was approximately 3 times (HR, 2.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.24-3.78) greater for those with @entity101 . Adjusting for confounders resulted in an attenuated but still significant association between @entity101 and @entity210 (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.54-2.61). Adjustment for serum urate level further attenuated but did not abrogate the association (HR, 1.36, 95% CI, 1.04-1.79). There was no evidence of effect modification by sex (P=.35), race (P=.99), or @entity28 at baseline (P=.82). @entity101 was independently associated with increased @entity210 risk in middle-aged African American and white adults. Serum urate level may be a partial intermediate on the pathway between @entity101 and @entity210 .

title: XXXX and the risk of incident @entity210 in a population-based study: the @entity731 risk in communities cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are nonselective cyclooxygenase ( @entity9859 and @entity3840 ) inhibitors and are associated with a variety of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms. The roles of @entity9859 and @entity3840 in the pathogenesis of these symptoms are unclear. To test whether @entity3840 inhibition with @entity13586 would have greater GI tolerability than nonselective @entity9859 and @entity3840 inhibition, we compared the incidences of (1) treatment discontinuations for GI adverse events (AEs) and (2) prespecified @entity344 among @entity1 with @entity571 treated with @entity13586 vs NSAIDs. METHODS: A prespecified, combined analysis of investigator-reported @entity344 in all 8 double-blind, randomized, phase 2b/3 @entity571 trials of @entity13586 was conducted. @entity1 included @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity571 (N = 5435); there was no upper age limit for entry. Treatments tested included @entity13586 , 12.5, 25, or 50 mg (combined), vs @entity5018 , @entity3522 , or @entity2852 (combined). Primary outcomes were the time (by survival analysis) to (1) treatment discontinuation due to @entity344 and (2) first reported @entity344 . Between-treatment comparisons were made by log-rank test. RESULTS: The number of treatment discontinuations caused by @entity344 during 12 months was significantly lower (P=.02) with @entity13586 vs NSAIDs (8.2 vs 12.0 per 100 @entity1 -years; relative risk, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.94). The incidence of prespecified @entity344 during the first 6 months was significantly lower (P=.02) with @entity13586 vs NSAIDs (69.3 vs 85.2 per 100 @entity1 -years; relative risk, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.97). However, the difference between treatments in @entity344 was attenuated after 6 months. CONCLUSION: @entity13586 was associated with a lower incidence of treatment discontinuations due to @entity344 over 12 months and a lower incidence of @entity344 over 6 months than treatment with nonselective COX inhibitors, or NSAIDs. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2998-3003

title: Gastrointestinal tolerability of the selective @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitor @entity13586 compared with nonselective XXXX and @entity3840 inhibitors in @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['Rofecoxib', 'rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity2852 :: ('MESH:C035605', 'Chemical') :: ['nabumetone']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['dyspeptic-type GI AE', 'GI AEs', 'dyspeptic-type GI AEs']

answer: @entity9859 :: (4512,Gene) :: ['COX-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of language proficiency as determinant of @entity1501 knowledge and use in a multi-ethnic pregnancy cohort. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND POPULATION: Pregnant @entity1 from Amsterdam attending obstetric care for their first antenatal visit. Number approached: 12,373 @entity1 , response rate: 67% (8266 @entity1 aged 14-49 years). Ethnicity was based on the country of birth: the Netherlands, Surinam, Antilles, @entity233 , Morocco, Ghana, other non-Western and other Western countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge about and use of @entity1501 supplements in pregnancy as elicited in a multilingual questionnaire, as well as determinants of these in ethnic groups separately. RESULTS: Both periconceptional @entity1501 use and knowledge were significantly lower among Ghanaian, Moroccan, Turkish, and other non-Western @entity1 than among @entity1 born in the Netherlands or other Western countries. Language proficiency in Dutch was a major determinant of knowledge in all the ethnic groups with a mother tongue other than Dutch [adjusted odds ratios (OR): Western 3.2, non-Western (all countries combined) 7.5], while educational attainment was of secondary importance. Knowledge in turn was the strongest determinant of use (adjusted OR: Western 17.4, non-Western 27.0). CONCLUSIONS: Periconceptional @entity1501 supplement use among @entity1 born in non-Dutch-speaking non-Western countries is low, reflecting a lack of knowledge that is determined by the inability to speak and understand the language of the country of residence. Measures to tackle this problem include the provision of linguistically appropriate information via ethnic health advisors, and language courses integrating health education for immigrants.

title: XXXX knowledge and use in a multi-ethnic pregnancy cohort: the role of language proficiency.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['Folic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective case review was to identify patterns of cochlear @entity528 in individuals with @entity26811 exhibiting downward sloping audiometric patterns of @entity393 and to correlate these findings with those reported in the literature to clarify conflicting concepts regarding the association between @entity393 and @entity154 . METHODS: Archival @entity1 temporal bones from individuals with @entity26811 were selected on the basis of strict audiometric criteria for downward-sloping audiometric thresholds. Twenty-one temporal bones that met these criteria were identified and compared with 10 temporal bones from individuals with normal hearing. The stria vascularis volumes, @entity4494 cell populations, inner hair cells, and outer hair cells were quantitatively evaluated. The relationship between the severity of @entity393 and the degeneration of cochlear elements was analyzed using univariate linear regression models. RESULTS: Outer hair cell loss and @entity4494 cell loss was observed in all individuals with @entity26811 . Inner hair cell loss was observed in 18 of the 21 individuals with @entity26811 and stria vascularis loss was observed in 10 of the 21 individuals with @entity26811 . The extent of degeneration of all four of the cochlear elements evaluated was highly associated with the severity of @entity393 based on audiometric thresholds at 8,000 Hz and the pure-tone average at 500, 1,000, and 2,000 Hz. The extent of @entity528 was associated with the slope of the audiogram. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with downward-sloping audiometric patterns of @entity26811 exhibit @entity528 , @entity4494 cells, inner hair cells, and outer hair cells that is associated with the severity of @entity393 . This association has not been previously reported in studies that did not use quantitative methodologies for evaluating the cochlear elements and strict audiometric criteria for selecting cases.

title: Presbycusis: a @entity1 temporal bone study of individuals with downward sloping audiometric patterns of XXXX and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion', 'spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity26811 :: ('MESH:D011304', 'Disease') :: ['presbycusis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['element degeneration', 'ganglion cell degeneration', 'degeneration of the stria vascularis']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: The activity of @entity460 -stimulated ATPase (E.C. 3.6.1.3) in homogenates of the secretory enamel organ of @entity35 incisors was studied biochemically. @entity855 hydrolysis was estimated from the amount of inorganic @entity1391 liberated. An analysis of the total degradation of @entity855 was initially performed to ensure that the enzyme assays pertained to the original substrate, @entity855 , and were not influenced by reaction products formed. Standard incubations were run in tris-maleate buffer, pH 8.2, with 3 mM @entity855 , 3 mM @entity141 and 0.5 mM R 8231 at 37 degrees C. The presence of R 8231 was necessary to inhibit nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. The @entity460 -stimulated ATPase was completely inhibited when heated at 55-60 degrees C for 5 min. The pH optimum was found to be 8.2. The hydrolysis was substantially dependent on @entity141 and was fastest when the @entity855 : @entity141 ratio was 1:1. High substrate concentrations inhibited the hydrolysis. The addition of 1 mM @entity8862 and @entity3411 to the incubation medium markedly inhibited the hydrolysis as did, though less strongly, @entity14395 , @entity4626 , @entity1098 and @entity3739 red. @entity462 , @entity6514 , @entity13638 and @entity4627 were without effect. F- was without effect unless added to a final concentration above 15 mM to media where @entity141 had first been allowed to react with @entity855 .

title: XXXX -stimulated ATPase activity in homogenates of the secretory enamel organ in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity14395 :: ('MESH:C030601', 'Chemical') :: ['p-hydroxymercuribenzoate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['l-Cysteine']

entities_list: @entity13638 :: ('MESH:D019807', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium azide']

entities_list: @entity4626 :: ('MESH:D009840', 'Chemical') :: ['oligomycin']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: To better understand the link between @entity844 signaling and the pleiotropic effects of @entity1718 in the pancreatic beta-cell, we investigated whether @entity1718 regulate immediate-early response genes (IEGs) coding for transcription factors implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. @entity2365 and @entity3952 , but not long-chain @entity1474 , caused a pronounced accumulation of @entity5019 and @entity27803 mRNAs in beta-cells (INS cells) to an extent similar to that produced by the @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activator @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ). The effect was dose dependent and occurred at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.5 mmol/l in the presence of 0.5% albumin. The action of the @entity844 occurred at the transcriptional level, and the mRNA accumulation displayed a bell-shaped kinetics with a maximal effect at 1 h. @entity17293 was ineffective, indicating that @entity1718 must be metabolized to cause their effect. Neither @entity844 was able to induce @entity5019 and @entity27803 in @entity7131 -downregulated cells or cells incubated in the presence of the @entity141 channel blocker @entity594 or the @entity141 chelator @entity4527 , suggesting involvement of the @entity7131 and @entity141 signaling pathways. @entity2365 and oleate also increased @entity5019 protein expression and DNA binding activity of the transcription factor @entity19505 . Oleate, but not @entity2365 , increased @entity665 incorporation in INS cells. Finally, both @entity2365 and oleate caused @entity5019 and @entity27803 mRNA accumulation in isolated @entity35 islets. It is suggested that IEG induction by the most abundant circulating @entity1718 plays a role in the adaptive process of the beta-cell to @entity407 . These results have implications for our understanding of @entity28 -associated @entity6 and the link between @entity1718 and tumorigenesis.

title: @entity2365 and oleate induce the immediate-early response genes @entity5019 and XXXX in the pancreatic beta-cell line INS-1.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate', 'Palmitate']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'protein kinase C']

entities_list: @entity17293 :: ('MESH:C022776', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Bromopalmitate']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity27803 :: (79240(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['nur-77']


abstract: @entity244 is a rare complication of the @entity1581 characterized by diffuse failure in reabsorption at the level of the proximal renal tubule resulting in @entity10200 , generalized @entity9078 , and @entity5886 . Current evidence suggests monoclonal light chains that are incompletely digested in renal tubule lysosomes cause @entity8 . The light-chain fragments serve as a nidus for crystal formation, and the crystals interfere with a broad range of apical membrane transporters. @entity244 is predominantly associated with monoclonal kappa in the urine, but rare instances of FS caused by lambda light chains have been described. Overt @entity1583 such as @entity1582 , Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 , or other @entity1071 occur in one third of @entity1 . Clinical manifestations include slowly progressive @entity177 and @entity158 caused by @entity4772 . The @entity4772 is caused by chronic @entity5886 and may be exacerbated by @entity3528 and @entity8 . Treatment consists of supplementation with @entity3151 , @entity460 , and @entity560 . The @entity4772 is often completely reversible with mineral supplementation. @entity1 with an associated symptomatic @entity5 or rapidly progressive @entity177 may also benefit from chemotherapy. The prognosis is good in the absence of overt @entity5 .

title: Acquired Fanconi's syndrome associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9078 :: ('MESH:D000608', 'Disease') :: ['aminoaciduria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury', 'renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Franconi's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1581 :: (MESH:D010265,Disease) :: ['monoclonal gammopathies']


abstract: We have previously demonstrated that phosphorylated PRL acts as an antagonist to the @entity4069 proliferative activities of unmodified PRL. A molecular mimic of phosphorylated PRL, which substitutes an @entity492 residue for the normally phosphorylated @entity563 ( @entity563 179), has the same properties. Because it takes less than one fourth the amount of phosphorylated hormone, or the @entity492 mutant, to block the proliferative activity of unmodified hormone, we have investigated whether the high potency of the @entity492 mutant is achieved by the production of an alternate and interfering intracellular signal cascade. @entity4069 cells were exposed to 5 or 500 ng/ml @entity1 NIDDK PRL, wild-type recombinant PRL (unmodified PRL), or @entity492 mutant PRL (pseudophosphorylated PRL) for 1, 5, or 10 min at 37 C. At 5 ng/ml and 10 min, wild-type recombinant PRL showed greater activation of @entity4016 ( @entity4016 ) than the NIDDK preparation. This is consistent with a previous report of higher proliferative activity for the wild-type hormone and is primarily a reflection of the presence of some phosphorylated hormone in the NIDDK preparation. At 500 ng/ml and 10 min, saturation eliminated any differences between responses to the two preparations. @entity4016 activation was not seen in response to the @entity492 mutant at either concentration. @entity11715 ( @entity11715 ) activation was, however, just as robust for the @entity492 -treated cells as for the other two groups. Time course experiments eliminated the possibility that @entity11715 phosphorylation in response to the @entity492 mutant was the result of @entity4016 activation at earlier time points. Experiments in the present study also interestingly showed preassociation of @entity4016 and @entity11715 in the absence of PRL and the absence of detectable phosphorylation of either @entity4016 or @entity11715 . Like @entity4016 , receptor phosphorylation was absent with the @entity492 mutant. A comparison between @entity11715 and @entity14252 activation showed a marked reduction in @entity14252 phosphorylation in response to the @entity492 mutant, with concomitant reduction in @entity11715 - @entity14252 heterodimers. @entity11715 activation, however, was indistinguishable between the wild-type and @entity492 mutant. We conclude that the nonproliferative @entity492 mutant signals and activates @entity11715 without, or with minimal, use of @entity4016 or receptor phosphorylation. The wild-type proliferative PRL, on the other hand, uses receptor phosphorylation and @entity4016 activation.

title: Dissociation of @entity4016 and XXXX activation after treatment of @entity4069 cells with a molecular mimic of phosphorylated prolactin.

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity11715 :: ('6776', 'Gene') :: ['STAT 5', 'STAT 5a', 'Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5']

answer: @entity11715 :: (6776,Gene) :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 5']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the use of the FINDRISC score in an overweight and @entity28 population to predict @entity413 status. METHODS: In 651 overweight/ @entity28 subjects (M/F: 193/458, age 43  13 y, BMI 38.2  6.1kg/m(2)) @entity413 status was tested using OGTT and HbA1c. Furthermore, the FINDRISC questionnaire and CT @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) were examined. RESULTS: Exactly 50.4% were found to have @entity5710 and 11.1% were newly diagnosed with @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) (M/F=22.2/8.8%). Subjects without T2DM had a FINDRISC score of 11  3, those with pre- @entity3918 13  4, and subjects with de novo T2DM 15  5. The aROC of the FINDRISC for detecting T2DM was 0.76 (95% CI 0.72-0.82), with 13 as cutoff point. The FINDRISC score correlated with @entity1386 (r=0.34, p<0.001) and @entity1386 / @entity1386 ratio (r=0.39, p<0.001). The aROC of the FINDRISC to detect excess @entity1386 was 0.79 (95%CI 0.72-0.84). CONCLUSIONS: In a large group of overweight and @entity28 subjects, 50.4% were found to have pre- @entity3918 and 11.1% were newly diagnosed with T2DM. The FINDRISC score increased with worsening of @entity413 tolerance status and proved to be an independent predictor of T2DM status, as did HOMA-B, HOMA-S and @entity1386 . The FINDRISC can also function as a good tool to predict @entity1144 .

title: Screening for @entity6 in overweight and XXXX subjects made easy by the FINDRISC score.

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['visceral obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['SAT', 'visceral fat', 'VAT', 'subcutaneous fat']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired resistance towards apoptosis is a hallmark of @entity5 . Elimination of cells bearing activated oncogenes or stimulation of @entity5 suppressor mediators may provide a selection pressure to overcome resistance. KC-53 is a novel biyouyanagin analogue known to elicit strong anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activity. The current study was designed to evaluate the anticancer efficacy and molecular mechanisms of KC-53 against @entity1 @entity5 cells. METHODS: Using the MTT assay we examined initially how KC-53 affects the proliferation rates of thirteen representative @entity1 @entity5 cell lines in comparison to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and immortalized cell lines. To decipher the key molecular events underlying its mode of action we selected the @entity1 @entity2799 HL-60 and the @entity981 CCRF/CEM cell lines that were found to be the most sensitive to the antiproliferative effects of KC-53. RESULTS: KC-53 promoted rapidly and irreversibly apoptosis in both @entity1778 cell lines at relatively low concentrations. Apoptosis was characterized by an increase in membrane-associated @entity10736 , activation of @entity8186 and proteolytic inactivation of the death domain kinase @entity5398 indicating that KC-53 induced mainly the extrinsic/death receptor apoptotic pathway. Regardless, induction of the intrinsic/mitochondrial pathway was also achieved by @entity8186 processing of @entity5353 , activation of @entity8187 and increased translocation of AIF to the nucleus. @entity23903 protein knockdown restored HL-60 and CCRF/CEM cell viability and completely blocked KC-53-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, KC-53 administration dramatically inhibited @entity310 -induced serine phosphorylation on @entity9134 and on @entity4284 hindering therefore @entity9135 /NF-k   translocation to nucleus. Reduced transcriptional expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-survival @entity9135 target genes, confirmed that the agent functionally inhibited the transcriptional activity of @entity9135 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the selective anticancer properties of KC-53 towards leukemic cell lines and provide a detailed understanding of the molecular events underlying its dual anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties. These results provide new insights into the development of innovative and targeted therapies for the treatment of some forms of @entity1778 .

title: Selective activation of XXXX and NF-kB inhibition by a novel biyouyanagin analogue promotes apoptosis in acute leukemia cells.

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity10736 :: (7132,Gene) :: ['TNFR1']


abstract: The aim of this work was to determine the genetic environment and transferability of blaKPC as well as the pulsotypes of KPC-producing @entity3274 strains isolated from clinical samples in Chilean hospitals. Seventeen strains, principally isolated in Santiago (the capital of Chile) during the years 2012 and 2013, were included. The genetic environment of blaKPC was elucidated by PCR mapping and sequencing. Molecular typing was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Curing and conjugation experiments were performed with six strains of different sequence types (STs) and pulsotypes. Thirteen pulsotypes and six STs, mainly belonging to clonal complex 258, were found. In addition, seven strains belonged to a new ST assigned @entity36589 . The blaKPC sequence indicated that 16 strains had the @entity36590 variant; in only one strain (UC331) an @entity3689 change (R6P) was detected, corresponding to a new KPC variant designated KPC-24. Molecular characterisation of the blaKPC genetic environment revealed two distinct platforms, namely variant 1a and the Tn4401a isoform, with the first being the most common (11/17 strains). Mating experiments failed to produce transconjugants; however, loss of blaKPC was achieved by plasmid curing in all assayed strains. In conclusion, in Chilean strains of @entity3274 , blaKPC is primarily found associated with the variant 1a and is located in non-transferable plasmids. In addition, this study highlights the description of the new @entity36589 and the new KPC-24 variant.

title: Molecular typing and genetic environment of the blaKPC gene in Chilean isolates of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'K. pneumoniae']

answer: @entity3274 :: (573,Species) :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the severity and location of cerebral @entity62 ( @entity62 ) and @entity4798 are correlated with the signs of @entity989 in the elderly. METHODS: The study included 4,176 @entity1 and @entity1 (mean age, 76 years) who participated in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study. Digital retinal images of both dilated eyes were taken and evaluated for the presence of retinal focal arteriolar signs (focal arteriolar narrowing and arteriovenous nicking) and @entity66 ( @entity5861 and microaneurysms). Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired and evaluated for the presence and distribution of @entity385 and @entity62 . Logistic and multinomial logistic models were constructed to estimate the association of retinal microvascular signs to @entity75 . RESULTS: Controlling for demographic and major cardiovascular risk factors, we found that retinal focal arteriolar signs, but not @entity66 , were significantly associated with an increasing load of subcortical and periventricular @entity62 . The strongest association was found between retinal arteriolar signs and a heavier WMH load, specifically in the @entity75 , and periventricular frontal and parietal caps. There was a tendency toward bilateral retinal focal arteriolar narrowing being more strongly associated with the heavier load of subcortical @entity62 . Arteriovenous nicking was significantly associated with subcortical @entity1188 . INTERPRETATION: In older adults, retinal focal arteriolar signs, but not @entity66 , are correlated with the load of diffuse @entity62 , particularly those located in the @entity75 , and the periventricular frontal and parietal caps of the brain.

title: XXXX in the brain and retina: The age, gene/environment susceptibility-Reykjavik study.

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions', 'subcortical frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal blot hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal microvascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMHs', 'white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarcts']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Microvascular lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quantitative T1-mapping is rapidly becoming a clinical tool in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to objectively distinguish normal from diseased myocardium. The usefulness of any quantitative technique to identify disease lies in its ability to detect significant differences from an established range of normal values. We aimed to assess the variability of myocardial T1 relaxation times in the normal @entity1 population estimated with recently proposed Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (ShMOLLI) T1 mapping technique. METHODS: A large cohort of healthy volunteers (n = 342, 50% females, age 11-69 years) from 3 clinical centres across two countries underwent CMR at 1.5T. Each examination provided a single average myocardial ShMOLLI T1 estimate using manually drawn @entity296 on typically 3 short axis slices (average 3.4    1.4), taking care not to include any blood pool in the @entity296 . We established the normal reference range of myocardial and blood T1 values, and assessed the effect of potential confounding factors, including artefacts, partial volume, repeated measurements, age, gender, body size, hematocrit and heart rate. RESULTS: Native myocardial ShMOLLI T1 was 962    25 ms. We identify the partial volume as primary source of potential error in the analysis of respective T1 maps and use 1 pixel erosion to represent "midwall myocardial" T1, resulting in a 0.9% decrease to 953    23 ms. Midwall myocardial ShMOLLI T1 was reproducible with an intra-individual, intra- and inter-scanner variability of  <=2%. The principle biological parameter influencing myocardial ShMOLLI T1 was the female gender, with female T1 longer by 24 ms up to the age of 45 years, after which there was no significant difference from males. After correction for age and gender dependencies, heart rate was the only other physiologic factor with a small effect on myocardial ShMOLLI T1 (6ms/10bpm). Left and right ventricular blood ShMOLLI T1 correlated strongly with each other and also with myocardial T1 with the slope of 0.1 that is justifiable by the resting partition of blood volume in myocardial tissue. Overall, the effect of all variables on myocardial ShMOLLI T1 was within 2% of relative changes from the average. CONCLUSION: Native T1-mapping using ShMOLLI generates reproducible and consistent results in normal individuals within 2% of relative changes from the average, well below the effects of most acute forms of @entity296 . The main potential confounder is the partial volume effect arising from over-inclusion of neighbouring tissue at the manual stages of image analysis. In the study of cardiac conditions such as @entity82 or small focal changes, the use of "myocardial midwall" T1, age and gender matching, and compensation for heart rate differences may all help to improve the method sensitivity in detecting subtle changes. As the accuracy of current T1 measurement methods remains to be established, this study does not claim to report an accurate measure of T1, but that ShMOLLI is a stable and reproducible method for T1-mapping.

title: Normal variation of magnetic resonance T1 relaxation times in the XXXX population at 1.5 T using ShMOLLI.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contours', 'myocardial disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is little information regarding the detrimental effects of tourniquet @entity63 , although it is a widely used technique in extremity surgery. We endeavored to study some of the physiologic changes involved in the finger during the @entity63 phase and throughout the recovery phase after tourniquet release. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective observational study involving healthy adults designed to assess the appropriate application time of a digital T-ring tourniquet without a pH or @entity520 <7.0 to avoid any potential risk to local tissues. RESULTS: There was no pH difference before tourniquet application between @entity1 and @entity1 , but after tourniquet application, the @entity1 's fingers became more acidotic at 10 and 20  minutes than the mens', but after 30  minutes the @entity520 of the two groups was similar. @entity1 who weighed less had a more acidotic pH level than heavier @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: This study was performed in a laboratory setting on healthy @entity1 rather than on those with existing medical conditions, so clinical recommendations cannot be explicitly made. CONCLUSION: Tourniquet application time is precious. While operating under tourniquet control, the extremity becomes increasingly acidotic. Tourniquet @entity63 longer than 20  minutes causes local @entity520 and @entity121 . @entity1 and @entity1 who weighed less could reach acidotic pH values faster than @entity1 or heavier @entity1 . If applications longer than 20  minute are expected, the tourniquet should be released at 20  minutes, allowing the finger to reperfuse for 3-5  minutes to clear the @entity520 before reapplication of tourniquet.

title: Effects of digital tourniquet XXXX : a single center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Participants', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fatigue']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: We performed a prospective study of the high-frequency components of the terminal portion of the QRS complex in 220 @entity1 who survived acute @entity583 . Signal-averaged electrocardiograms (SA-ECGs) were performed before hospital discharge (16 +/- 6 days) and then serially at regular intervals over the following year. SA-ECGs were processed using a 40 Hz high-pass bidirectional filter. Duration of "filtered" QRS (D-normal value less than 120 ms), duration of the low-amplitude signals (D40 - n.v. less than 39 ms) and last 40 ms voltage of the QRS complex (V40 - n.v. greater than 20 microV) were measured. Late potentials (LPs) were defined as the presence of two or more abnormal values. In addition, 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed in 208 @entity1 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined by scintigraphy in 111. Sixty-two @entity1 (group 1) had LPs, 158 had normal SA-ECGs (group 2). Spontaneous normalization of SA-ECGs occurred in 20% of @entity1 after 6 months, although the mean values of D, D40 and V40 did not change significantly and the reproducibility was very good for all the indexes during all the follow-up controls. Three @entity1 had @entity944 and three presented again with spontaneous, sustained @entity1165 . Five of 62 (8%) group 1 @entity1 had an arrhythmic event compared with one of 158 @entity1 (0.6%) in group 2. The sensitivity of SA-ECGs as a predictor of arrhythmic events was 83% with a specificity of 73%. @entity1 with subsequent arrhythmic events had longer filtered QRS (133 +/- 19 vs 104 +/- 16 ms; P less than 0.001), longer duration of the low-amplitude signals (54 +/- 15 vs 33 +/- 14 ms; P less than 0.01), and lower voltages in the last 40 ms of the filtered QRS (11 +/- 3 vs 36 +/- 25 microV; P less than 0.02) and, moreover, higher peak CK values and lower LVEF than those without such events. In conclusion, SA-ECGs provide important prognostic information in identifying @entity1 at risk of arrhythmic events after @entity583 although dynamic changes of LPs are observed during the first year after @entity583 .

title: Prognostic significance and evolution of late ventricular potentials in the first year after XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Introduction. The @entity1848 is a rare traumatic vascular disease of the hand. Method and Materials. We report the case of a 43-years-old @entity1 with a painful tumefaction of the left hypothenar region. The ulnar artery appeared thrombosed clinically and radiologically. The @entity1 underwent surgery to resolve the @entity8898 and revascularise the artery. Results. The symptoms disappeared immediately after surgery. The arterial flow was reestablished. Postoperatively on day 20, a new @entity715 of the ulnar artery occurred. Conclusion. @entity1848 is caused by repetitive @entity130 to the heel of the hand. The alterations of the vessel due to its chronic @entity32 caused an acute compression of the ulnar nerve at the Guyon's canal and, in our case, do not allow a permanent revascularisation of the ulnar artery.

title: Therapeutic management of @entity1848 causing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8898 :: ('MESH:D017769', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1848 :: ('MESH:D037801', 'Disease') :: ['hypothenar hammer syndrome', 'Hypothenar hammer syndrome']

answer: @entity8898 :: (MESH:D017769,Disease) :: ['ulnar nerve entrapment']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7167 ( @entity7167 ) and @entity7991 amplifications are observed in approximately 10% of @entity0 and are related to poor outcomes. We evaluated whether @entity36335 ( @entity36335 ), an inhibitor of @entity7167 , @entity7991 , and @entity2557 , presented antitumor activity in FGFR-amplified @entity0 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Preclinical activity of @entity36335 was evaluated in both @entity0 cell lines and an @entity7167 -amplified xenograft model (HBCx2). @entity36335 was then evaluated in a phase II trial that included 4 groups of @entity1 with @entity1 EGF receptor 2-negative metastatic @entity0 on the basis of @entity7167 amplification and @entity5282 ( @entity5282 ) status. @entity7167 amplification was assessed by @entity575 in situ hybridization. Preplanned retrospective analyses assessed predictive value of @entity7167 , @entity7991 , and @entity10006 amplifications by quantitative PCR (qPCR). RESULTS: @entity36335 monotherapy inhibits proliferation in @entity7167 - and @entity7991 -amplified, but not FGFR-normal, @entity0 cell lines. @entity36335 also inhibits @entity5 growth in @entity7167 -amplified @entity0 xenografts. Eighty-one @entity1 were enrolled in the trial. Unconfirmed response or stable disease for more than 6 months was observed in 5 (25%) and 1 (3%) @entity1 (s) with @entity7167 -amplified/ @entity5282 -positive and @entity7167 -nonamplified/ @entity5282 -positive @entity0 . When qPCR-identified amplifications in @entity7167 , @entity7991 , or @entity10006 were grouped to define an FGF pathway-amplified @entity0 in @entity5282 -positive @entity1 , the mean reduction in target lesions was 21.1% compared with a 12.0% increase in @entity1 who did not present with FGF pathway-amplified @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity36335 showed antitumor activity in FGFR-amplified @entity0 cell lines and may have activity in @entity0 with FGF pathway amplification.

title: Targeting FGFR with XXXX ( @entity36335 ): preclinical and clinical data in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity36335 :: ('MESH:C500007', 'Chemical') :: ['TKI258', 'Dovitinib', 'dovitinib']

entities_list: @entity7167 :: ('2260', 'Gene') :: ['FGFR1', 'Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['HR', 'hormone receptor']

answer: @entity36335 :: (MESH:C500007,Chemical) :: ['dovitinib']


abstract: Ionizing radiation can produce adverse biological effects in astronauts during space travel. Of particular concern are the types of radiation from highly energetic, heavy, charged particles known as HZE particles. The aims of our studies are to characterize HZE particle radiation induced biological effects and evaluate the effects of @entity44509 ( @entity24868 ) on these adverse biological effects. In this study, microarray technology was used to measure HZE radiation induced changes in gene expression, as well as to evaluate modulation of these changes by @entity24868 . @entity1 thyroid epithelial cells (HTori-3) were irradiated (1 GeV/n @entity68 ions) in the presence or in the absence of 5 microM @entity24868 . At 6 h post-irradiation, all cells were harvested for RNA isolation. Gene Chip U133Av2 from Affymetrix was used for the analysis of gene expression, and ANOVA and EASE were used for a determination of the genes and biological processes whose differential expression is statistically significant. Results of this microarray study indicate that exposure to small doses of radiation from HZE particles, 10 and 20 cGy from @entity68 ions, induces statistically significant differential expression of 196 and 610 genes, respectively. In the presence of @entity24868 , differential expression of 77 out of 196 genes (exposure to 10 cGy) and 336 out of 610 genes (exposure to 20 cGy) is abolished. In the presence or in the absence of @entity24868 , radiation from HZE particles induces differential expression of genes whose products have roles in the induction of G1/S arrest during the mitotic cell cycle, as well as @entity1457 proteins. Some of the genes, whose expressions were affected by radiation from HZE particles and were unchanged in irradiated cells treated with @entity24868 , have been shown to have altered expression levels in @entity5 cells. The conclusions of this report are that radiation from HZE particles can induce differential expression of many genes, some of which are known to play roles in the same processes that have been shown to be activated in cells exposed to radiation from photons (like cell cycle arrest in G1/S), and that supplementation with @entity24868 abolishes HZE particle-induced differential expression of many genes. Understanding the roles that these genes play in the radiation-induced transformation of cells may help to decipher the origins of radiation-induced @entity5 .

title: Protective effects of XXXX on space radiation induced changes in gene expression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity44509 :: ('CHEBI:62621', 'Chemical') :: ['L-selenomethionine']

answer: @entity44509 :: (CHEBI:62621,Chemical) :: ['L-selenomethionine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess if @entity1162 and RR interval on the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) predict @entity204 and late arrhythmic events in postinfarction @entity1 with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). @entity1162 on a standard electrocardiogram (ECG) is a measure of repolarization inhomogeneity, but its prognostic meaning in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) survivors is unclear, especially in @entity1 with @entity1002 . RR interval has been shown to predict mortality in @entity583 @entity1 , but its prognostic power has not been compared with other noninvasive risk factors. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Ninety @entity1 were identified, from a series of 547 consecutive postinfarction @entity1 admitted to our institution for phase II cardiac rehabilitation, as having a LVEF of <0.40 at two-dimensional echocardiography (mean LVEF 0.35+/-0.04; range 0.20-0.39). @entity1162 and RR interval were analyzed on the admission 12-lead electrocardiogram, 20+/-10 (range 8-45) days after @entity583 , using specially designed software. Additional risk markers were collected from clinical variables, signal-averaged ECG and Holter recording. RESULTS: During 24+/-18 (range 1-63) months of follow-up, 10 of 90 @entity1 (11%) died, all from cardiac causes, and there were 18 late arrhythmic events, defined as @entity944 or the occurrence of a sustained @entity943 > or =5 days after the index @entity583 . QT interval and dispersion were not significantly prolonged in @entity1 who died compared to survivors and not significantly different between @entity1 with and without arrhythmic events. Mean RR interval from standard ECG was significantly shorter in @entity1 with both @entity204 (682+/-99 vs. 811+/-134 ms; P=0.004) and arrhythmic events (720+/-100 vs. 818+/-139 ms; P=0.006). A Cox proportional hazards model identified RR interval from standard ECG (P<0.001) and a history of more than one @entity583 (P=0.002) as significant predictors of @entity204 independent of thrombolytic therapy, LVEF, filtered QRS complex duration at signal-averaged ECG, mean RR and its standard deviation at 24-h Holter monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of QT interval and dispersion 3 weeks after @entity583 has no prognostic power in @entity1 with @entity409 after a recent @entity583 . RR interval on standard 12-lead ECG is as good a prognostic indicator as other, more expensive, noninvasive markers. These findings may be relevant in this era of limited health care resources.

title: Prognosis in @entity583 survivors with @entity1002 is predicted by electrocardiographic RR interval but not XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QT dispersion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE(S): @entity441 , a selective @entity172 receptor modulator, has beneficial @entity172 agonist effects on bone and cardiovascular risk factors and @entity172 antagonist effects on the breast and uterus. Limited clinical data have shown a sustained decrease in total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity1255 levels; an elevated @entity1255 level is an independent risk factor for @entity731 . All of these studies were conducted in relatively young populations of @entity1 (mean age, 52-54 years). @entity441 does not affect hot flushes, a major immediate symptom of menopause. This drug may therefore be useful in older @entity1 to prevent @entity170 and @entity65 . The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effects of @entity441 on plasma lipids and @entity1255 in older @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: The subjects were 45 healthy postmenopausal @entity1 , aged 60 to 70 years. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to therapy with @entity441 or placebo, 60 mg/d for 1 year. Twenty-six @entity1 received @entity441 and 19 received placebo. Checkups were performed every 3 months. At baseline and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment we measured @entity1255 , total serum @entity165 , @entity1674 , and both high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . RESULTS: An effect on lipids was evident by 3 months with no significant additional modification at 12 months. Mean low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels were lowered by 15% and total @entity165 was lowered by 8.5%. No reduction in high-density lipoprotein @entity165 or @entity1674 was observed. After 3 months of therapy, @entity1255 was significantly lower than at baseline (9.9 +/- 1.6 vs 11 +/- 2.1 micromol/L; P < .05). The greatest reduction with respect to baseline was reached after 6 months of therapy (-19.5% +/- 3%; P < .05). CONCLUSION(S): The results of our study show that @entity441 at a dose of 60 mg/d reduces serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and total @entity165 in healthy older @entity1 . Our study shows that in older @entity1 @entity441 leads to a 19.5% +/- 3% reduction in fasting @entity1255 levels. @entity441 may have a favorable effect on the incidence of @entity65 in older @entity1 .

title: Randomized control study of the effects of @entity441 on serum lipids and @entity1255 in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'Raloxifene']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of ginseng on antioxidant enzyme levels in @entity75 following experimental diffuse @entity542 in @entity35 . The neuroprotective effect of @entity9052 was also studied. METHODS: In this study, @entity35 were divided into four groups, and the @entity35 in group 1 received no intervention. In group 2, the @entity35 were administered 50 mg/kg @entity9052 , injected intraperitoneally at 1, 24 and 48 h, and the effect of @entity9052 on normal tissues was studied. No drugs were administered to the @entity35 in group 3 who had previously experienced diffuse @entity542 using Feeney's falling weight method. In group 4, @entity35 underwent Feeney's falling weight method, leading to diffuse @entity542 , and they were given 50 mg/kg @entity9052 intraperitoneally 1, 24 and 48 h after @entity542 . @entity35 were killed 72 h after @entity542 and their brain tissues extracted for histopathological and biochemical studies. RESULTS: Histopathological study of brain cross sections in the @entity130 group demonstrated neurons in the @entity130 region and surrounding area, which generally had a dark-colored eosinophilic cytoplasm and a pyknotic nucleus, while the nuclei of neurons were located peripherally. However, brain cross sections in group 4 from @entity35 given @entity9052 after @entity542 showed fewer neurons with eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic and peripheral nuclei in the @entity130 region and surrounding area. No statistically significant difference in the tissue SOD level was observed; however, the @entity2197 Px level in group 4 was significantly reduced compared to that in group 3. CONCLUSIONS: After affecting the @entity2197 Px level and reducing histopathological scores, @entity9052 was found to display antioxidant and neuroprotective activity.

title: Study of the neuroprotective effect of XXXX on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase ( @entity2197 -Px) levels in experimental diffuse @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['ginseng']


abstract: An antigen of apparent molecular weight of 24,000, reactive with a murine monoclonal antibody, has been isolated from a @entity3085 -inducing @entity5 (MAC 16) and has been shown to initiate muscle protein degradation in vitro using isolated soleus muscle. Administration of this material to female NMRI @entity19 (20 g) produced a pronounced @entity308 in body weight (2.72 +/- 0.14 g; P<0.005 from control) over a 24 h period. This weight loss was attenuated in @entity19 pretreated with the monoclonal antibody (0.06 +/- 0.26 g over 24 h) and occurred without a reduction in food and water intake. There was no change in body water composition, and the major contribution to the decrease in body weight was a decrease in the non-fat carcass dry weight (mainly lean body mass). The plasma levels of @entity413 and most @entity1522 were also significantly depressed. The decrease in lean body mass was accounted for by an increase (by 50%) in protein degradation and a decrease (by 50%) in protein synthesis in gastrocnemius muscle. Protein degradation was significantly decreased and protein synthesis increased to control values in @entity19 pretreated with the monoclonal antibody. Protein degradation initiated in vitro with the proteolysis-inducing factor was abolished in @entity19 pretreated with @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ), which had been shown to prevent muscle wastage in @entity19 bearing the MAC16 @entity5 . Protein degradation was associated with a significant elevation of @entity1421 production by isolated soleus muscle, which was inhibited by both the monoclonal antibody and EPA. These results suggest that this material may be the humoral factor mediating changes in skeletal muscle protein homeostasis during the process of @entity5 in animals bearing the MAC16 @entity5 , and could potentially be involved in other cases of @entity3085 .

title: Induction of muscle protein degradation by a XXXX factor.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer cachexia', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective study investigated 3-dimensional (3D) imaging with intraoperative Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in @entity174 ( @entity174 ) treated by open reduction. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the image quality of intraoperative CBCT in this region and the benefit for the @entity1 . METHODS: 83 @entity1 with 86 @entity174 were included in this study. 8 @entity1 were female and 75 male. @entity1 age ranged from 11 to 68 years (average age 26.8 years). All @entity1 were examined with the mobile CBCT scanner ARCADIS Orbic 3D (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) directly after surgical treatment of the @entity174 . RESULTS: As a direct result of intraoperative CBCT four @entity1 (5%) underwent intraoperative revision. The intraoperative acquisition of the data sets was uncomplicated and in all cases it was possible to effectively visualise and assess the @entity174 in 3D quality. CONCLUSION: The results showed that intraoperative CBCT is a reliable imaging technique for real-time intraoperative assessment of treated @entity174 . Use of the mobile 3D CBCT scanner is easy to integrate into routine practice and offers the advantage that immediate revision surgery can be performed.

title: Clinical indication for intraoperative 3D imaging during open reduction of XXXX of the mandibular angle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['MAF', 'Mandibular Angle Fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: To investigate the effects of different states of donor cells on the development of reconstructed @entity742 embryos, we designed five treatments of donor cells, including cell passage, cell size, serum starvation, @entity3812 treatment and gene transfection. Results are as follows: (I) Compared with 16-18 passage cells, the morula/blastocyst rate of 5-7 passage cells as donor nuclei was significantly higher (17.3% vs. 4.9%, P<0.05), suggesting the advantage of short-time cultured cells in supporting the development of reconstructed embryos. (II) The mourla/blastocyst rate of reconstructed embryos derived from medium cells (15-25 microm) as donor nuclei was higher than that from large cells (25-33 microm) and small cells (8-15 microm)(20.0% vs. 8.0%, 9.7%), indicating that reconstructed embryos from medium cells had a greater potentiality to develop into morula/blastocysts than those from small or large ones. (III) The morula/blastocyst rate of reconstructed embryos from donor cells of SS (serum starvation) was lower than that from donor cells of NSS (non-serum starvation), but no significant difference was detected between SS and NSS(11.8% vs. 18.6%, P>0.05). (IV) Fetal fibroblasts treated with 0.05 micromol/L @entity3812 exhibited a higher morula/blastocyst rate of reconstructed embryos than those treated with 0.10 micromol/L @entity3812 and untreated ones (27.5% vs. 12.1%, 17.1%), however, no significant difference among the three treatments was detected (P>0.05). (V) The morula/blastocyst rate of reconstructed embryos from fetal fibroblasts transfected with GFP gene only was 3.1%, significantly lower than that from non-transgenic cells (3.1% vs. 20.4%, P<0.05). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that fetal fibroblasts of fewer passages, medium size could ensure a higher morula/blastocyst rate of reconstructed embryos. Serum starvation of donor cells might be unnecessary to the development of reconstructed embryos. Donor cells treated with 0.05 micromol/L @entity3812 could facilitate the development of reconstructed embryos. Additionally, as cells transfected with GFP gene were used as donor nuclei, adverse effect on the development of reconstructed embryos was observed. Therefore, the developmental efficiency of reconstructed embryos could be improved if proper treatments to donor cells were used.

title: Effects of different states of @entity742 fetal fibroblasts as donor cells on the early development in vitro of reconstructed XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical characteristics, radiological features, surgical treatment and prognosis of @entity5 (MA). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of ten histopathologically confirmed MA @entity1 who were treated in the Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan hospital from 2002 to 2011. All of the @entity1 presented with symptomatic @entity410 attacks before craniotomy surgeries. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) were the main radiological examination for preoperative diagnosis of all cases. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent craniotomy surgeries with gross total resections (GTRs) of the @entity75 . Postoperative follow-ups range from 8 to 108 months, in average 42.7 months, median 40.5 months. No radiological recurrence can be found in any case. Eight @entity1 (80.0%) have achieved total symptomatic remission after surgeries (one of them underwent delayed remission), while two (20.0%) are still suffering from @entity410 attacks infrequently under several @entity734 ( @entity734 ). CONCLUSION: Although MA cases are quite rare and usually misdiagnosed presurgically, a correct preoperative diagnosis, at least a differential diagnosis, can be rationally achieved via a triad of @entity1 ' ages, symptomatic @entity410 attacks and radiological features (both CT and MR). MA is curable and the prognosis is excellent since most @entity1 became free of @entity410 and recurrence after surgical treatments.

title: Diagnosis and surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic meningioangiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['MA lesions']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['sporadic meningioangiomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent research suggests that an increased level of @entity64 -affected left hemisphere cortical (especially frontal) excitability is associated with better language improvement in aphasic @entity1 . Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (A-tDCS), increasing cortical activity, may facilitate perilesional left hemisphere recruitment to subserve language processing and enhance effects of behavioural therapy. The aim of the study (randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled) was to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated A-tDCS over Broca area as a strategy to enhance @entity2026 recovery during early post- @entity64 rehabilitation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity2026 were randomized to receive 15 consecutive daily sessions of A-tDCS (1 mA, 10 min; experimental group, n = 18) or sham stimulation (1 mA, 25 s; control group, n = 19) followed by language therapy. Effects of tDCS were assessed using the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, performed before and after the rehabilitation, and three months later. RESULTS: The results did not confirm a positive impact of repeated A-tDCS, preceding language therapy, on language abilities in our @entity1 . Although both groups improved after the therapy, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in either short-term or long-term tDCS effects. Effect sizes for the experimental group, at post-treatment and the 3-month follow-up, were slightly higher than in controls but insufficient to infer any beneficial influence of the applied intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The findings do not support A-tDCS functional benefits during early rehabilitation of post- @entity64 @entity2026 . Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of this kind of neuromodulation.

title: No effects of anodal transcranial direct stimulation on language abilities in early rehabilitation of post- XXXX aphasic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) is one of the most common @entity627 in childhood. In a significant number of @entity4932 cases the disease is resistant to therapy with NSAIDs, intra-articular corticosteroid injections, and physiotherapy, and @entity1499 is used as a second-line agent. The efficacy of @entity1499 therapy in @entity1 with @entity4932 has been demonstrated in prospective controlled trials and this agent appears to have slightly superior efficacy compared with @entity6963 . Data from randomized studies indicate a starting dose of 10-15 mg/m(2)/week orally. The dose of parenteral @entity1499 can be increased to 15-20 mg/m(2)/week. Combination therapy with @entity1499 and an NSAID is recommended. However, there are still no data on when to initiate @entity1499 in @entity4932 and how long @entity1 should be treated. The most common adverse effects are aversion to the drug and @entity390 . In the case of minor adverse effects the use of @entity1501 at a dosage of 1 mg/day is feasible. In @entity4932 , daily @entity1501 supplementation has only been studied in one small heterogeneous cohort with a very short observation period and, at present, a general recommendation on daily @entity1501 supplementation cannot be made. In summary, @entity1499 is seen by many pediatric rheumatologists as the first-choice, second-line drug; there is good evidence of its efficacy in @entity4932 . However, in light of the recent introduction of biologic agents, the place of @entity1499 in the treatment of @entity4932 may have to be redefined in the coming years.

title: Recommendations for the use of XXXX in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'Juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: @entity4607 of limited variety have been described. Most present as asymptomatic @entity5474 in adults and consist of mesenchymal tissue, usually cartilage, in combination with irregular spaces lined by epithelium. Another form is found in the neonate and involves large portions or all of a lung. This is associated with a developmental aberration and is best described as a " @entity600 ". An apparently unique noninvasive @entity5 mass was resected from the lung of a middle aged @entity1 where it was associated with @entity358 and the bronchial and blood supply to the lung. The @entity5 appeared to be undifferentiated by light microscopic criteria. @entity808 , @entity2909 , @entity5 , @entity5 , and @entity6011 all entered the differential diagnosis. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated a highly complex and unique organization. Such a lesion, apparently developmental in this case, should be recognized and carefully distinguished from the malignant mesenchymal, neurogenic, and @entity75 with which it may be confused. Electron microscopy may be helpful in this regard.

title: @entity4607 : an apparently unique variant of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Neurilemoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mixed tumor', 'chordoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['teratomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adenomatoid malformation']

entities_list: @entity5474 :: ('MESH:D003074', 'Disease') :: ['coin lesions']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous lung segmentation']

entities_list: @entity6011 :: ('MESH:D018319', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hamartomas']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hamartoma']


abstract: Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of coronary resistance vessels has been demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of @entity1855 and @entity1169 on the response of diastolic coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV) and coronary vascular resistance index to the cold pressor test ( @entity1191 ) in symptomatic @entity1121 @entity1 . In 15 @entity1 with @entity1121 , the CBFV was measured in the distal portion of the left anterior descending coronary artery using high-sensitivity transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Peak diastolic CBFV and coronary vascular resistance index (calculated as ratio of mean aortic pressure/CBFV ratio) were measured at baseline and after @entity1191 . Changes of these parameters induced by the @entity1191 (expressed as percentage of baseline values) were compared after @entity1855 and @entity1169 treatment in a crossover study. The same measurements were obtained in nine healthy control subjects. @entity1191 induced an increasing pattern of CBFV during @entity1855 therapy, which was absent in @entity1191 after @entity1169 administration (10.1 +/- 5.6% vs. -0.9 +/- 4.1%, P < 0.01). In healthy controls CBFV increased in response to @entity1191 more than in @entity1121 @entity1 receiving @entity1855 or @entity1169 (23.1+/- 12.8% P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The coronary vascular resistance index increased during the @entity1191 significantly less on @entity1855 than on @entity1169 treatment (3.5 +/- 9.2% vs. 18.1 +/- 13.5%, P < 0.01). In healthy controls the coronary vascular resistance index decreased during @entity1191 -4.5 +/- 8.5% (P < 0.05 vs. @entity1855 and P < 0.01 vs. @entity1169 ). @entity1855 improved the coronary vasomotor response to @entity1191 in relation to @entity1169 . @entity1855 blunted the increase of the coronary vascular resistance index to the @entity1191 in comparison with its change at @entity1191 after @entity1169 . Thus, coronary endothelial dysfunction in symptomatic @entity1121 @entity1 may be partially reduced by @entity1855 in comparison with @entity1169 treatment.

title: Comparison of the effect of @entity1855 and @entity1169 on response of coronary vasomotion to cold pressor test in symptomatic XXXX with @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'HC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']