abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct qualitative research into breast-conserving surgery for palpable and non-palpable @entity0 and the various methods of excising these, measured by the volume exised and surgical radicality. DESIGN: Retrospective, multicentre study. METHOD: The pathology reports from 726 @entity1 who had undergone breast-conserving surgery for invasive @entity0 were reviewed for excision volume and radicality. Any excess resected breast tissue was expressed by a Calculated Resection Ratio (CRR) and calculated by dividing the volume of the surgical specimen by the @entity5 volume plus an ideal 1-cm-margin of @entity5 -free breast tissue. A CRR of 1.0 meant that the volume excised was ideal; a CRR of 2.0 meant that twice the necessary amount of tissue had been removed. RESULTS: Of all the 726 @entity5 , 72% appeared to be palpable. The median CRR in this group was 2.2 (range: 0.1 - 43.0) and the percentage of @entity5 -involved margins (irradicality) was 22.5%. Of all the non-palpable @entity5 (n = 201) excisions, 58% had been guided by wire-localisation, 26% by ultrasonography, and 16% by ROLL (Radio-guided Occult Lesion Localization). The CRRs were 2.8, 3.2 and 3.8, respectively (p < 0.05). Ultrasound-guided surgery resulted in the lowest rate of @entity5 -involved margins (ultrasound-guided: 3.8%, wire-guided localisation: 21.4%, ROLL: 25.0% (p = 0.05)). CONCLUSION: Breast-conserving surgery is associated with an average of a 2 to 4-fold removal of excessive tissue. Nevertheless, 1 out of 5 excisions are not radical. Ultrasound-guided surgery for non-palpable @entity0 is the most effective method for achieving radical excision. A multicentre, prospective, randomised trial has been started to assess whether ultrasound-guided lumpectomy for palpable @entity0 can lead to optimisation of the excision volume and radicality.

title: [Breast-conserving surgery for XXXX : still much to be gained].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In this study, we investigated prospectively the diagnostic role of 99Tcm-MIBI for staging and for predicting the therapeutic response of @entity5 compared with 131I-MIBG imaging and 99Tcm-MDP bone scintigraphy. Nine @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 aged 1-7 years) with suspected or proven @entity5 were studied with 99Tcm-MIBI at initial diagnosis and after 12-18 months of multidrug therapy. After the injection of 80 MBq.kg-1 99Tcm-MIBI, early (10 min) and delayed (1 h) images were obtained. The data were correlated with 131I-MIBG scans, bone scintigraphy, ultrasound, computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging, and bone marrow biopsy. Eight of nine primary @entity5 and 41 metastatic lesions were detected by 131I-MIBG scintigraphy. None of the primary lesions demonstrated significant 99Tcm-MIBI accumulation. Sestamibi was positive in 16 of 41 MIBG-avid metastatic lesions. After six courses of multidrug chemotherapy, 30 131I-MIBI-avid @entity521 metastases that were 99Tcm-MIBI-negative at the time of diagnosis still did not show significant sestamibi accumulation. Follow-up demonstrated that all lesions that were 99Tcm-MIBI-avid at the time of diagnosis remained negative. Of these 16 lesions, seven were positive for 131I-MIBG accumulation with no reduction in size, and nine showed resolution after therapy. New metastatic foci detected by MIBG scintigraphy did not accumulate 99Tcm-MIBI. Clinical evaluation of @entity1 with no 99Tcm-MIBI uptake in primary and secondary sites of @entity521 confirmed that they were resistant to multidrug chemotherapy. All 99Tcm-MIBI-positive lesions, irrespective of clinical outcome, demonstrated significant clearance of tracer on the delayed images. We conclude that 99Tcm-MIBI has no role in the staging of @entity521 . Sestamibi is a well-documented transport substrate for @entity1262 -related multidrug resistance and serial imaging may provide prognostic information on the therapeutic value of chemotherapy.

title: The role of 99Tcm-sestamibi scintigraphy in the staging and prediction of the therapeutic response of XXXX : comparison with 131I-MIBG and 99Tcm-MDP scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV neuroblastoma', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage IV neuroblastoma']


abstract: The receptor for Theiler's @entity19 @entity1651 virus (TMEV) remains unknown. In vitro, BHK-21 cells are permissive to @entity281 by TMEV. Selecting mutants of BHK-21 cells produced a cell line (BHKR-) resistant to @entity281 by TMEV. Viral persistence was ruled out by immunofluorescent staining for viral antigens. BHKR- cells were nonpermissive to @entity281 even at high multiplicities of @entity281 . In contrast, cells were able to support one round of virus replication when transfected with infectious TMEV RNA. Binding studies indicated that TMEV was unable to attach to these cells. These data are consistent with the BHKR- cells lacking a receptor for TMEV. Interestingly, BHKR- cells were larger in size and had a significant lag in growth after subculture versus BHK-21 cells. This suggests that the TMEV receptor on BHK-21 cells could play an important role in cell growth and morphology under physiologic conditions. BHKR- cells should facilitate the search for TMEV receptors.

title: Altered cell growth and morphology in a BHK-21 cell mutant that lacks a receptor for Theiler's XXXX @entity1651 virus.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A retrospective review was conducted to compare magnetic resonance (MR) and conventional spinal angiographic images and to investigate the outcome of our treatment protocol for @entity1 with spinal dural arteriovenous @entity292 (DAVFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 with a diagnosis of DAVF based on clinical @entity602 and preoperative MR imaging (MRI) and MR angiography (MRA) findings were treated at our institution by the senior author (BAG). All nine @entity1 initially presented with progressive @entity602 . Preoperative MRI revealed T2-weighted @entity854 in all @entity1 , and MRA was diagnostic in all @entity1 . Each @entity1 underwent a laminectomy and ligation of the arterialized draining vein. Selective spinal angiograms were used to confirm the level of @entity292 immediately before the surgical procedure was performed and to document complete obliteration after clip ligation of the medullary draining vein. Follow-up MRI and MRA were performed approximately 2 months postoperatively. RESULTS: MRI T2-weighted signal hyperintensity improved after surgery in all nine @entity1 . Postoperatively, progression of motor weakness and gait difficulty was halted and some improvement was observed in all @entity1 . No @entity1 was neurologically normal, however. To date, there has been no clinical or MRA evidence of recurrence in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Preoperative MRA and intraoperative spinal x-ray angiography present as an effective combination for diagnosing and intraoperatively confirming DAVF. Both T1-weighted enhancement and T2-weighted signal hyperintensity on MR images improved after the obliteration of the DAVFs and correlated with clinical improvement in all nine @entity1 . MRA provides adequate visualization and localization of spinal DAVFs and may serve as a useful noninvasive tool for diagnosing and following @entity1 with spinal DAVFs in the future.

title: Diagnostic and surgical management of spinal dural arteriovenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['signal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 ( @entity296 ) is a severe disease of @entity12178 ( @entity12178 L.) associated with significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. @entity296 is diagnosed with a severe @entity32 and degradation of myocardial tissue caused by a double-stranded RNA virus named piscine @entity2401 virus (PMCV), with structural similarities to the Totiviridae family. In the present study we characterized individual host responses and genomic determinants of different disease outcomes. RESULTS: From time course studies of experimentally infected @entity12178 post-smolts, fish exhibited different outcomes of @entity281 . High responder (HR) fish were characterized with sustained and increased viral load and pathology in heart tissue. Low responder (LR) fish showed declining viral load from 6-10 weeks post @entity281 (wpi) and absence of pathology. Global gene expression (SIQ2.0 oligonucleotide microarray) in HR and LR hearts during @entity281 was compared, in order to characterize differences in the host response and to identify genes with expression patterns that could explain or predict the different outcomes of disease. Virus-responsive genes involved in early antiviral and innate immune responses were upregulated equally in LR and HR at the first stage (2-4 wpi), reflecting the initial increase in virus replication. Repression of heart muscle development was identified by gene ontology enrichment analyses, indicating the early onset of pathology. By six weeks both responder groups had comparable viral load, while increased pathology was observed in HR fish. This was reflected by induced expression of genes implicated in apoptosis and cell death mechanisms, presumably related to lymphocyte regulation and survival. In contrast, LR fish showed earlier activation of NK cell-mediated @entity137 and @entity9719 -like receptor signaling pathways. At the late stage of @entity281 , increased pathology and viral load in HR was accompanied by a broad activation of genes involved in adaptive immunity and particularly T cell responses, probably reflecting the increased infiltration and homing of virus-specific T cells to the infected heart. This was in sharp contrast to LR fish, where recovery and reduced viral load was associated with a significantly reduced transcription of adaptive immunity genes and activation of genes involved in energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to LR, a stronger and sustained expression of genes involved in adaptive immune responses in heart tissue of HR at the late stage of disease probably reflected the increased lymphocyte infiltration and pathological outcome. In addition to controlled adaptive immunity and activation of genes involved in cardiac energy metabolism in LR at the late stage, recovery of this group could also be related to an earlier activation of @entity9719 -like receptor signaling and NK cell-mediated @entity137 pathways.

title: Comparison of @entity12178 individuals with different outcomes of @entity296 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['CMS', 'Cardiomyopathy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon', 'Salmo salar']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and disease', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['CMS']


abstract: Clinical manifestations, clinical course and therapeutic schemes were studied in 37 @entity1 with a surgical indication for @entity1125 of the liver observed in a surgery unit over 25 years. Cyst size varied from 2 to 30 cm and was greater than 10 cm in 12 cases. Yellowish-clear contents were observed in 23 cases and purulent or hemorrhagic contents in 3 each. Twenty-three @entity1 were asymptomatic, 14 had @entity158 and/or complications ( @entity548 3, infection 3, compression 3, rupture 1). Therapy was abstention in 7 cases, puncture in 5, resection of the protruding dome in 17, complete exeresis in 5, and hepatectomy in 3. There were no deaths and morbidity reached 7%. @entity96 can be discovered fortuitously at surgery or imagery or in @entity1 with @entity490 , an abdominal mass or complications including compression, intraperitoneal rupture, intracystic @entity548 , @entity7252 , @entity697 , torsion, cancerization. Diagnosis requires sonography and computed tomography. Therapeutic indications are: abstention for small asymptomatic cysts. For @entity45 , with complications or confirmed during a supramesocolic operation, the risk of recurrence or aggravation of the complications excludes puncture or injection of a sclerosing agent. Wide resection of the protruding part of the cyst with histology resection can be performed although prospective assessment is needed. Cystectomy is not indicated if there is a diagnostic doubt. Hepatectomy is an exceptional indication retained for @entity1 with uncontrolable @entity548 , @entity5 or @entity45 destroying the lobe.

title: [37 so-called XXXX of the liver in adults].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary cysts of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intra-cystic tumors']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['voluminous cysts']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cysts']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['biliary cysts']


abstract: One frustrating feature in the surgical management of @entity30 is the high recurrence rate which may lead to reoperation. It is common opinion that relapses occur haphazardly both in time and in site, and the causes remain unknown. When does a recurrence really arise after surgery? Is the site of recurrence determined by definite causes? Is there a relapsing factor? Between 1965 and 1995, 177 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity30 . The procedures performed in 145 cases were those popular at the time, while a recent series of 20 selected @entity1 was managed following a new approach based on epiploonplasty. This strategy stems from the strong conviction that @entity30 is not a primary @entity29 but the result of @entity3179 and @entity281 due to a primary @entity74 of the mesentery. The five-year recurrence rate was 62% in @entity1 operated on according to standard procedures, while no recurrences were reported in the epiploonplasty group. Among 12 remaining @entity1 with recurrent disease, two cases are reported in detail because they provide evidence in favor of the hemolymphatic theory. This study also maintains that recurrences, viewed with the @entity74 in mind, occur immediately after surgery, while the superimposed intestinal inflammatory process and stricturing events may appear clinically at different time intervals during follow-up. The site of recurrences usually corresponds to the mesenteric region subjected to compression. Altered mesenteric microcirculation appears to be the true essence of the disease.

title: Surgery in XXXX : when, where and why the recurrences?

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['superimposed infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hemolymphatic disorder']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to explore the potential influence of gender on recovery from @entity7995 ( @entity7995 ) by determining whether differences in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness can be detected between @entity1 and @entity1 6 months after an @entity7995 event. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 39 @entity1 and 105 @entity1 with acute @entity7995 underwent repeat visual and optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing. The main outcome measures were change in RNFL measurements for male and female @entity1 6 months after @entity7995 . RESULTS: @entity1 were older (mean age = 39 years) than @entity1 (35 years) (p = 0.05) in this study, and more @entity1 (62%) than @entity1 (41%) had a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting @entity15 ( @entity15 ) (p = 0.02). Because age and @entity15 subtype were 2 significant covariates, both variables were controlled for in multiple regression analyses. Other covariates controlled for in the multivariate regression included disease duration (years), use of disease-modifying therapy (yes/no), and use of high-dose corticosteroids for acute @entity7995 (yes/no). After 6 months, mean RNFL values were lower in @entity1 (74  m) than @entity1 (91  m) (p < 0.001). @entity1 showed more apparent change in RNFL thickness in their @entity7995 eyes from baseline to 6 months after @entity7995 than @entity1 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: There may be differences in recovery between @entity1 and @entity1 after @entity7995 , which can be difficult to detect with conventional visual testing. Our findings raise interesting questions about the potential influence of gender in @entity15 , which may be explored in future studies.

title: Sex-specific differences in retinal nerve fiber layer thinning after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'ON']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: AIM: To characterise the cag pathogenicity island in @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) isolates by analysing the strains' vacA alleles and @entity868 susceptibilities in light of @entity1 ethnicity and clinical outcome. METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1534 clinical isolates obtained from @entity1 with @entity2210 living in Malaysia were analysed in this study. Six genes in the cagPAI region (cagE, cagM, cagT, cag13, cag10 and cag67) and vacA alleles of the @entity1534 isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction. The isolates' @entity868 susceptibility was also determined using the E-test method, and the resistant gene was characterised by sequencing. RESULTS: More than 90% of the tested isolates had at least one gene in the cagPAI region, and cag67 was predominantly detected in the strains isolated from the Chinese @entity1 , compared with the Malay and Indian @entity1 (P < 0.0001). The majority of the isolates (88%) exhibited partial deletion (rearrangement) in the cagPAI region, with nineteen different patterns observed. Strains with intact or deleted cagPAI regions were detected in 3.2% and 8.4% of isolates, respectively. The prevalence of vacA s1m1 was significantly higher in the Malay and Indian isolates, whereas the isolates from the Chinese @entity1 were predominantly genotyped as vacA s1m2 (P = 0.018). Additionally, the isolates from the Chinese @entity1 were more sensitive to @entity868 than the isolates from the Malay and Indian @entity1 (P = 0.047). Although we attempted to relate the cagPAI genotypes, vacA alleles and @entity868 susceptibilities to disease outcome, no association was observed. The vacA alleles were distributed evenly among the strains with intact, partially deleted or deleted cagPAI regions. Interestingly, the strains exhibiting an intact cagPAI region were sensitive to @entity868 , whereas the strains with a deleted cagPAI were more resistant. CONCLUSION: Successful colonisation by different @entity1534 genotypes is dependent on the host's genetic makeup and may play an important role in the clinical outcome.

title: Ethnicity association of XXXX virulence genotype and @entity868 susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: The antisecretory effect of @entity1286 and the @entity1943 analogue @entity2390 was studied on @entity3081 toxin-induced secretion in anaesthetized @entity35 . Small intestinal secretion was induced with @entity3081 toxin. @entity1286 (6 mg/kg b.wt.) and the @entity1943 analogue @entity2390 (3 micrograms/kg b.wt.) reduced the @entity3081 secretion in @entity35 whose intestines had been subjected to sympathetic denervation. This was in contrast to the secretion elicited by @entity12488 which was unaffected by @entity2390 and @entity1286 in the presence of nicotinic ganglionic blockade. The alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker @entity5521 (1-2 mg/kg b.wt. i.v.) and the inhibitor of sympathetic transmitter release @entity2997 (5 mg/kg b.wt. i.v.) abolished the antisecretory effect of @entity1286 on the @entity3081 secretion in contrast to the antisecretory effect of @entity1943 which was unaffected by the alpha-blockade. It is proposed that the antisecretory effect of @entity1286 and @entity2390 on @entity3081 toxin-induced secretion was conducted at a step prior to the activation of the secretory epithelium and that the antisecretory effect of @entity1286 was mediated indirectly by interaction with sympathetic nerve terminals in the intestine. The findings are consistent with a model where @entity2390 and @entity1286 inhibit the nervous secreto-motor reflex activated by the @entity3081 toxin.

title: Difference between the antisecretory mechanisms of opioids and the @entity1943 analogue XXXX in @entity3081 toxin-induced small intestinal secretion in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity12488 :: ('MESH:C040442', 'Chemical') :: ['helodermin']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: We report a case of a 42-year old male @entity1 with @entity2010 followed by anterior @entity4614 associated with @entity1422 . The @entity1 had been diagnosed with @entity1422 since the age of 19. He was admitted and diagnosed as @entity2010 in 1995. Although T1-weighted image of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed @entity4776 and partial @entity1184 , the anterior pituitary functions were normal at that time. Three years later, he was re-admitted after an episode of general malaise and @entity323 in 1998. Endocrinological studies revealed @entity1887 , @entity1375 and @entity6126 . T1-weighted image of MRI demonstrated the thickening of @entity4611 . Analysis of anti-pituitary antibodies by immunoblotting identified a major band at 61.5 kDa. The @entity2010 was controlled by @entity7062 and the shrinkage of pituitary stalk was seen after hormonal replacement therapy including glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone. We suggested that this case represented @entity2214 , in which a chronic inflammatory process occurred in infundibulum and/or neurohypophysis and that @entity4614 developed possibly due to damage to the pituitary portal vessels caused by a thickened pituitary stalk, although a pituitary biopsy was not done because of the risk of @entity548 in @entity1422 . The pituitary autoantibodies in sera from @entity1 with @entity4614 may be helpful to characterize the @entity1 with @entity4611 .

title: A case of @entity2214 showing @entity2010 followed by anterior @entity4614 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['desmopressin acetate']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary stalk hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic hypophysitis', 'pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity1422 :: ('MESH:D013915', 'Disease') :: ['thrombasthenia']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1422 :: (MESH:D013915,Disease) :: ['thrombasthenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tumor antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) block oncogenic signaling and induce Fcy receptor (FcyR)-mediated @entity137 . However, the role of @entity405 (+) CTL and FcyR in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses in mAb-treated @entity1 @entity1 with @entity5 is still emerging. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: FcyRIIIa codon 158 polymorphism was correlated with survival in 107 cetuximab-treated @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ). Flow cytometry was carried out to quantify @entity470 ( @entity470 )-specific T cells in cetuximab-treated @entity1 with @entity135 . The effect of cetuximab on natural killer (NK) cell, dendritic cell (DC), and T-cell activation was measured using IFN-y release assays and flow cytometry. RESULTS: FcyRIIIa polymorphism did not predict clinical outcome in cetuximab-treated @entity1 with @entity135 ; however, elevated circulating @entity470 (853-861)-specific @entity405 (+) T cells were found in cetuximab-treated @entity1 with @entity135 (P < 0.005). Cetuximab promoted @entity470 -specific cellular immunity through the interaction of @entity470 (+) @entity5 cells and FcyRIIIa on NK cells but not on the polymorphism per se. Cetuximab-activated NK cells induced IFN-y-dependent expression of DC maturation markers, antigen processing machinery components such as @entity31572 and T-helper cell (T(H)1) chemokines through @entity3223 / @entity1531 binding. Cetuximab initiated adaptive immune responses via NK cell-induced DC maturation, which enhanced cross-presentation to CTL specific for @entity470 as well as another @entity5 antigen, @entity5840 . CONCLUSION: Cetuximab-activated NK cells promote DC maturation and @entity405 (+) T-cell priming, leading to @entity5 antigen spreading and @entity1198 cytokine release through "NK-DC cross-talk." FcyRIIIa polymorphism did not predict clinical response to cetuximab but was necessary for NK-DC interaction and mAb-induced cross-presentation. @entity470 -specific T cells in cetuximab-treated @entity1 with @entity135 may contribute to clinical response.

title: Cetuximab-activated natural killer and dendritic cells collaborate to trigger @entity5 antigen-specific T-cell immunity in @entity135 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mexico was the country to initiate massive vaccination with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( @entity1485 -7) in @entity1 . There is no information regarding @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity1 before and after implementation of @entity1485 -7 in Mexico or elsewhere in Latin America. METHODOLOGY: During October 2005 to September 2010, active surveillance for pediatric @entity3 was initiated at Tijuana General Hospital. Only culture-confirmed cases from sterile fluids were included in the study. Serotype identification was also performed. RESULTS: Twenty-eight pediatric @entity3 cases were confirmed. @entity328 was the main cause of @entity4327 (n = 13). It was also the second most common cause of confirmed @entity4008 (n = 10), followed by @entity3631 (n = ?), and the only cause of otomastoiditis with bacterial isolation (n = 5). Vaccine-associated serotypes decreased from 54% before @entity1485 -7 introduction to the vaccination schedule, to only 5.6% after @entity1485 -7 implementation. Serotypes @entity5686 (47% and 33% respectively were predominant following @entity1485 -7 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Serotype substitution in @entity3 is present in the northern border of Mexico following @entity1485 -7 vaccination in @entity1 .

title: Pneumococcal disease: emergence of serotypes XXXX following conjugate pneumococcal vaccination in a Mexican hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal invasive disease', 'PID']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyema']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity5686 :: (57823,Gene) :: ['19A and 7F']


abstract: The enzyme @entity50592 (HCCA) isomerase catalyzes the @entity2041 ( @entity2197 )-dependent interconversion (Keq = 1.5) of HCCA and trans-o-hydroxybenzylidene pyruvic acid (tHBPA) in the @entity12683 catabolic pathway of @entity15250 . The dimeric protein binds one molecule of @entity2197 very tightly (Kd approximately 5 nM) and a second molecule of @entity2197 with much lower affinity (Kd approximately 2 to 11 microM). The enzyme is unstable in the absence of @entity2197 . The turnover number in the forward direction (47 s(-1) at 25 degrees C) greatly exceeds off rates for @entity2197 (koff approximately 10(-3) to 10(-2) s(-1) at 10 degrees C), suggesting that @entity2197 acts as a tightly bound cofactor in the reaction. The crystal structure of the enzyme at 1.7 A resolution reveals that the isomerase is closely related to class kappa @entity2197 transferases. Diffraction quality crystals could only be obtained in the presence of @entity2197 and HCCA/tHBPA. Clear electron density is seen for @entity2197 . Electron density for the organic substrates is located near the @entity2197 and is best modeled to include both HCCA and tHBPA at occupancies of 0.5 for each. Although there is no electron density connecting the @entity599 of @entity2197 to the organic substrates, the @entity599 is located very close (2.78 A) to C7 of HCCA. Taken together, the results suggest that the isomerization reaction involves a short-lived covalent adduct between the @entity599 of @entity2197 and C7 of the substrate.

title: XXXX isomerase: a kappa class @entity2041 transferase from @entity15250 .

entities_list: @entity50592 :: ('CHEBI:28992', 'Chemical') :: ['2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas putida']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

answer: @entity50592 :: (CHEBI:28992,Chemical) :: ['2-Hydroxychromene-2-carboxylic acid']


abstract: The authors report 4 cases of cutaneous lymphoproliferation unusual by their histology and their clinical presentation. Each presented with a history of a slow growing nodule on the ear. Despite the indolent clinical evolution, the histology suggested a @entity1893 . All lesions consisted of a dense, diffuse proliferation of monomorphous medium-sized T cells throughout the dermis and subcutis. There was no epidermotropism and a grenz zone was clearly present in each case. The @entity5 cells displayed @entity6415 , with small nucleoli and clear chromatin and had a CD3+, @entity405 +, @entity404 +, @entity13433 +, granzyme B(-)immunophenotype with a loss of other T-cell antigens. The 3 cases with available material for polymerase chain reaction studies displayed a monoclonal T-cell rearrangement of the T-cell receptor-gamma chain. These cases do not correspond to a recognized @entity784 as described in the recent WHO/EORTC classification. The apparent striking propensity for the ear suggests that they might represent a specific entity. Further cases are needed to confirm this hypothesis. It is important for such indolent lesions to be known to avoid over treatment.

title: Indolent XXXX -positive lymphoid proliferation of the ear: a distinct primary @entity784 ?

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['irregular blastlike nuclei']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade lymphoma']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: Concussive @entity410 (CC) are nonepileptic phenomena which are an immediate sequelae of concussive @entity1545 . Although uncommon, occurring with an approximate incidence of 1 case per 70 concussions, these episodes are often confused with @entity32933 which may occur with more severe structural @entity1545 . The pathophysiological mechanism of CC remains speculative, but may involve a transient traumatic functional decerebration with loss of cortical inhibition and release of brainstem activity. The phenomenology of the CC is somewhat akin to convulsive @entity1163 , with an initial tonic phase occurring within 2 seconds of impact, followed by a clonic or @entity2045 phase which may last several minutes. Lateralising features are common during the @entity410 . There is no evidence of structural or permanent @entity1545 on clinical assessment, neuropsychological testing or neuroimaging studies. Long term outcome is universally good with no evidence of long term @entity302 and @entity2587 are usually able to return to sport within 2 weeks. The correct management of these episodes centres on the appropriate management of the associated concussive injury and the exclusion of other @entity131 by medical assessment. The CC requires no specific management beyond immediate onfield first aid measures such as protection of the airway. Antiepileptic therapy is not indicated and prolonged absence from sport is unwarranted. These episodes, although dramatic, are relatively straightforward to manage and all team physicians and those involved in athlete care need to be aware of this condition.

title: Concussive XXXX . Incidence in sport and treatment recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity32933 :: ('MESH:D004834', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['convulsions']


abstract: PURPOSE: A retrospective study of @entity2812 (LTG)- @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) combination therapy in medically @entity302 . METHODS: @entity1 were identified with an @entity302 clinic database and were included if they had been on LTG- @entity2052 combination therapy for at least 6 months. @entity1 demographics and information about @entity302 type, severity, and degree of medical intractability were obtained by retrospective chart review. The primary outcome measure was change in baseline @entity410 frequency, and @entity1 were stratified into three groups: (i) @entity410 -free, (ii) improved (at least 50% reduction in baseline @entity410 frequency), and (iii) not improved. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 met all inclusion-exclusion criteria. @entity302 type was generalized in 25 @entity1 (71%) and partial in 10 @entity1 (29%). Before LTG- @entity2052 treatment, 27 of 35 (77%) experienced disabling @entity410 on a monthly basis, and 17 of 35 (49%) of @entity1 had at least one disabling @entity410 per week. @entity1 had previously failed treatment with a median of five @entity734 ( @entity734 ), alone or in combination. With LTG- @entity2052 therapy, 18 (51.4%) remained completely @entity410 -free, four (11.4%) were improved, and 13 (37.1%) were unimproved. Median follow-up was 42 months. Of the 22 @entity1 who improved, 11 had previously failed LTG and @entity2052 monotherapy. There was no significant difference between improved and unimproved @entity1 with respect to demographics, @entity302 type or severity, or number of previously failed @entity734 . DISCUSSION: The combination of LTG and @entity2052 should be considered in @entity1 with medically @entity302 . The effectiveness of this combination appears to be independent of @entity302 type or @entity1 demographics.

title: @entity2812 - @entity1092 combination therapy for medically XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['adult epilepsy', 'refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['refractory epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine gastric function, as well as the presence of somatic complaints, @entity148 , and @entity344 ( @entity344 ), in adolescents with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) before and after nutritional rehabilitation. STUDY DESIGN: Sixteen females with @entity1278 and 22 healthy controls with similar demographic profiles were included. Gastric emptying (measured as residual gastric volume) and gastric accommodation (measured as postprandial antral diameter) were assessed with abdominal ultrasonography. @entity1 completed the @entity1 's Somatization Inventory (CSI), the Screen for @entity1 Anxiety-Related @entity74 , and the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III version. All testing was repeated 3-4 months later. RESULTS: Body mass index in the @entity1278 group improved over time (P = .012). Fasting @entity356 were similar in the 2 groups. Maximum postprandial antral diameter was significantly greater in controls compared with the @entity1278 group (P = .008). Only adolescents with @entity1278 demonstrated a significant increase in maximum postprandial diameter at repeat testing (P = .009). There was no difference in residual gastric volume between the 2 groups. Initial CSI scores were higher in adolescents with @entity1278 (P < .0001), including higher scores for @entity390 and @entity490 . CSI scores were significantly lower in adolescents with @entity1278 (P = .035). Initial scores on the Screen for @entity1 Anxiety-Related @entity74 were significantly higher in adolescents with @entity1278 (P = .0005), but did not change over time. Adolescents with @entity1278 met significantly more criteria for @entity344 (P = .003). CONCLUSION: Adolescents with @entity1278 have @entity1819 that improves after nutritional rehabilitation, have significantly more somatic complaints, and meet more criteria for @entity148 and @entity344 . After nutritional rehabilitation, @entity2531 improves and @entity344 become less common, but symptoms of @entity148 persist.

title: Effect of nutritional rehabilitation on gastric motility and XXXX in adolescents with anorexia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['impaired gastric accommodation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['FGIDs', 'functional gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional Disorders']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric parameters']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['somatization']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the changes in nasal reactivity in @entity1 with @entity2490 during treatment with placebo or @entity5023 , in order to better understand the mechanisms of nasal congestion in such @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: A parallel, double-blind study. Twenty @entity1 with @entity2490 were randomized to either placebo or @entity5023 treatment during 14 days. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nasal mucosa reactivity was studied with a @entity112 challenge model using three concentrations of @entity112 to challenge the nasal mucosa (1, 2 and 4 mg @entity112 /ml). Recordings of the nasal mucosa response were made 5 min after each challenge, using rhinostereometry and acoustic rhinometry, before and after the period of treatment. RESULTS: The @entity5023 group had a significantly increased @entity112 sensitivity after treatment, unlike the placebo group who had an unchanged or slightly decreased @entity112 sensitivity after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the theory that the nasal obstruction in @entity2490 is due to @entity4 rather than to vasodilatation. On the first day of vasoconstrictor withdrawal, the inferior concha was congested and oedematous with a limited capacity to respond to @entity112 challenge. However, after 14 days of treatment with a corticosteroid nasal spray, the @entity4 was reduced and the increase in @entity112 sensitivity reflected the persistence of nasal hyperrreactivity. In the placebo group, @entity112 sensitivity remains unchanged with the measuring technique we used. This probably indicates that @entity4 was still present after treatment.

title: Changes in nasal reactivity in @entity1 with @entity2490 after treatment with XXXX and placebo nasal spray.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial oedema', 'oedema']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis medicamentosa']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate', 'fluticasone']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone propionate']


abstract: AIM: To characterize molecular mechanisms underlying photocatalytic cell @entity204 of @entity213 ( @entity213 ) by @entity1947 nanoparticles ( @entity1948 -NPs). MATERIALS _ METHODS: @entity1 @entity213 -derived @entity1 cells were incubated with @entity1948 -NPs followed by UVA-1 irradiation. @entity137 was assessed by @entity98 assay and @entity4404 @entity2667 test. Autophagy was detected by autophagosome accumulation, conversion of light chain 3 I to II, and lysosomal activity. The generation of reactive @entity26 species was measured using the @entity21184 test. RESULTS: Apoptosis-independent cytotoxic effects were induced by 0.2- and 2-  g/ml @entity1948 -NPs and UVA-1. @entity1 cells promoted autophagosome formation. Significantly elevated light chain 3 II and reactive @entity26 species were seen after the combined application of both @entity1948 -NPs and UVA-1 as photocatalytic treatment. Autophagy probably mediates cell survival under UVA-1 or @entity1948 -NP exposure alone but induces self-digestive cell @entity204 after combined treatment. CONCLUSION: The effect of autophagy on @entity213 viability after nanoparticle-induced photocatalytic treatment seems to depend on the impact of the physicochemical trigger.

title: Nanoparticle-induced photocatalytic XXXX cell @entity204 is associated with autophagy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity21184 :: ('MESH:C029569', 'Chemical') :: ["2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate"]

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the gene expression profiles of the @entity19 genital tubercle (GT) during urethral tube development at embryonic (E) days @entity9072 , @entity9074 , E16 and @entity5355 , as the aetiology of @entity2650 , one of the most common @entity154 , remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During GT development the urethral folds fuse to form an epithelial seam; subsequently, the epithelial seam disappears, resulting in the normal tubular urethra. Abnormalities in urethral seam formation and remodelling might explain @entity2650 , and elucidating the molecular developmental mechanisms underlying normal penile development might provide the basis for understanding @entity2650 . Total RNA was isolated from the genital tubercle at embryonic days @entity9072 , @entity9074 , E16, and @entity5355 . Together with reference RNA, sample RNA was labelled with Cy-3 and Cy-5 respectively and hybridized to a 16 000- @entity19 gene array that included the Incyte GEM2.1 and NIA 7k sets. Candidate genes were analysed by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Using cDNA microarrays, we identified the up-regulation of genes involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and Wnt-Frizzled pathways, and of @entity50486 , a member of a cell-migration molecule family, all candidates for involvement in urethral tube formation. Immunohistochemistry showed @entity641 , TGFbeta receptor III, and Frizzled1 were expressed exclusively in @entity9072 - @entity5355 urethral epithelium. @entity50486 was expressed in the mesenchymal basal layer underlying @entity5355 GT skin epidermis. CONCLUSIONS: Many signalling pathways are involved in late GT development, and cell migration molecules might have an important role in urethral tube formation.

title: Gene expression profiles in XXXX urethral development.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: An important issue in @entity731 is the timing of intimal microvascular formation and its relation to the initiation of plaque formation. Monocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) are important cell components in these steps. Statins not only reduce atherogenic low density lipoprotein @entity165 , they also increase high density lipoprotein- @entity165 ( @entity51529 ). Although a higher concentration of statin has an anti-proliferative effect, @entity51529 is potentially mitogenic. Therefore, we examined the opposing effects of statin, @entity1675 , @entity51529 and @entity51529 fractions on cell proliferation and apoptosis in monocytes and on angiogenesis in ECs. A high concentration of @entity3413 inhibited monocyte proliferation as evaluated by counting cell numbers using a hematocytometer. This inhibition was mainly blocked by the @entity9478 subfraction. The same concentration of @entity3413 induced apoptosis as assessed by the fluorescence-labeled @entity4404 method through @entity522 activation in monocytes. @entity51529 inhibited @entity3413 -induced apoptosis. In addition, @entity51529 blocked @entity3413 -inhibited angiogenesis in an in vitro model of EC tube formation. In conclusion, the compensatory balance between the effects of statin and @entity51529 may play an important role in the formation of @entity731 by affecting proliferation and apoptosis in monocytes and angiogenesis in ECs.

title: Counteracting effects of high density lipoprotein- XXXX subfractions on statin-induced growth arrest.

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the redistribution of fluid compartments and to examine the factors contributing to the variability of early @entity353 in premature @entity1 . Fourteen preterm @entity1 (mean +/- SD: birth weight, 1473 +/- 342 gm; gestational age, 30.7 +/- 2.4 weeks) were studied at 1 and 7 days of age. Total body water was measured by @entity20962 dilution, extracellular volume by @entity4001 dilution, and intracellular volume by the difference between total body water and extracellular volume. There were significant changes in body fluid distribution per concurrent weight from birth to age 1 week. Extracellular volume decreased by 11%, and intracellular volume increased by 8.5% with no change in total body water. @entity1 were then grouped according to postnatal @entity353 (group 1 (n = 7) > 10% and group 2 (n = 7) < 5% of birth weight). In group 1 there was a significant loss of both weight (mean +/- SD: 15.6% +/- 3.7%) and extracellular volume (15.9% +/- 9% of birth weight), with no change in intracellular volume. In group 2 there was no significant @entity353 (1.4% +/- 1.8%), but a significant loss of extracellular volume (13.0% +/- 5.4% of birth weight) and a significant increase in intracellular volume. Other differences between the groups were a lower energy intake in group 1 than in group 2 (mean +/- SD: 177 +/- 46 vs 269 +/- 45 kilojoules/kg per day; p < 0.005) and a higher physiologic stability index in group 1 (p < 0.05). We conclude that significant postnatal @entity353 as a result of the contraction of the extracellular compartment occurs only in less stable @entity1 whose energy intake is inadequate. With adequate energy intake, @entity353 is minimal because of the expansion of the intracellular compartment, which may be related to the onset of growth.

title: Relationship between nutrition, weight change, and fluid compartments in preterm XXXX during the first week of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity20962 :: ('MESH:D017666', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium oxide']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4001 :: ('CHEBI:15858', 'Chemical') :: ['bromide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Long-term loss of avulsed and replanted teeth is a frequent clinical problem. @entity12017 ( @entity12017 ) induces cementogenesis in periodontitis-associated periodontal ligament (PDL) defects. This study's aim was to assess the utility of rhBMP 7 in a tooth avulsion @entity130 model in growing individuals. Immature primary incisors of 12 minipigs were extracted. PDL and cementum were removed either partially (group 1: 4 mm2 [n=28 teeth]; group 2: 16 mm2 [n=26 teeth]) or totally (group 3 [n=26 teeth]). 500 microg rhBMP 7/g collagen matrix was applied to the teeth from one side while the corresponding teeth on the contralateral side served as controls ( @entity2133 model). After an experimental period of 4 months, microradiography, fluorescence and light microscopy of nondecalcified sections were performed. All teeth of group 1 survived and all teeth of group 3 were lost, whether rhBMP-7 was applied or not. In group 2, nine out of ten teeth survived when rhBMP-7 was applied and four out of ten teeth were lost when rhBMP-7 was not applied. In the presence of rhBMP-7, eruption of teeth in group 2 was significantly improved (difference [median]: 5 mm, P<0.05, n=6). Even though there was a tendency towards increased deposition rates of cementum under rhBMP-7, this difference was not significant (Wilcoxon: P>0.05, ANOVA: P=0.002; n=6/group). In conclusion, rhBMP-7 improved survival rates and @entity203 in growing individuals. No adverse effects were seen. Based on the present results, future clinical trials appear to be warranted.

title: RhBMP-7 improves survival and eruption in a growing tooth avulsion XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity12017 :: ('655', 'Gene') :: ['BMP 7', 'Bone morphogenetic protein-7']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['split mouth']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption of replanted teeth']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity1642 has been implicated as a cause of several @entity5539 , but also as a factor that can unfavourably influence many diseases including @entity6 . Measure of psychological stress in @entity6 was performed by Psychological Stress Measure (PSM), a validated instrument, designed using 49 items drawn from descriptors generated by focus groups on stress. Clinical and psychological framework was assessed in a cohort of 100 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 (30 m, 70 f), aged 66.99 +/- 13.68 years considering disease grade, complications and level of instruction. Three other questionnaires were administered concurrently to all @entity1 : Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Functional Living Index (FLI) and SF-36 QOL. ANOVA statistical testing and Spearman correlation matrix were used also vs socio-cultural and clinical profile. Gender, @entity28 , diet compliance, smoking do not affect PSM response. @entity101 @entity1 and those with family history of @entity6 show lower PSM scores, according to a sort of moderator effect on stress of concurrent and/or previous experience with @entity102 . Neuromuscular ailments are more prevalent in @entity1 ; @entity1 vs @entity1 experience severe limitations of their working capacities and relational possibilities, with severe discomfort. In the whole, higher scores of PSM (greater stress p < 0.01) and lower scores of FLI (fair well-being perception; p < 0.01) are reciprocally related inside any school instruction level. Despite the great reciprocal association of the PSM vs FLI and SIP, no significant correlation is found between PSM vs SF-36 QOL. Socio-cultural elements interfere, and particularly instruction level quantified as school grades achieved, with the manner of living their disease. Interventions on psychological distress of @entity6 @entity1 is warranted, specially in the groups with lower levels of instruction which may need an attentive strategy for achieving a satisfactory coping with this disease.

title: XXXX measure in type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Psychological stress']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['Psychological stress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes from @entity55 , @entity583 and @entity64 , but the effect of blood @entity413 on outcomes from acute exacerbations of @entity1030 (AECOPD) has not been established. Recent UK guidelines do not comment on measurement or control of blood @entity413 in AECOPD. A study was therefore undertaken to determine the relationship between blood @entity413 concentrations, length of stay in hospital, and mortality in @entity1 admitted with AECOPD. METHODS: Data were retrieved from electronic records for @entity1 admitted with AECOPD with lower respiratory tract infection in 2001-2. The @entity1 were grouped according to blood @entity413 quartile (group 1, <6 mmol/l (n = 69); group 2, 6.0-6.9 mmol/l (n = 69); group 3, 7.0-8.9 mmol/l (n = 75); and group 4, >9.0 mmol/l (n = 71)). RESULTS: The relative risk (RR) of @entity204 or long inpatient stay was significantly increased in group 3 (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.02, p = 0.02) and group 4 (RR 1.97, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.92, p < 0.0001) compared with group 1. For each 1 mmol/l increase in blood @entity413 the absolute risk of adverse outcomes increased by 15% (95% CI 4 to 27), p = 0.006. The risk of adverse outcomes increased with increasing hyperglycaemia independent of age, sex, a previous diagnosis of @entity6 , and @entity1030 severity. Isolation of multiple pathogens and @entity794 from sputum also increased with increasing blood @entity413 . CONCLUSION: Increasing blood @entity413 concentrations are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in @entity1 with AECOPD. Tight control of blood @entity413 reduces mortality in @entity1 in intensive care or following @entity583 . A prospective study is now required to determine whether control of blood @entity413 can also improve outcomes from AECOPD.

title: Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in @entity1 admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Replication protein A (RPA), the trimeric single-stranded DNA-binding protein complex of eukaryotic cells, is important to DNA replication and repair. Phosphorylation of the @entity13225 subunit of RPA is modulated by the cell cycle, occurring during S and G2 but not during G1. The function of phosphorylated @entity13225 remains unknown. We show that RPA @entity13225 phosphorylation is significantly induced by ionizing radiation. The phosphorylated form, @entity10784 , is similar if not identical to the phosphorylated S/G2 form. gamma-Irradiation-induced phosphorylation occurs without new protein synthesis and in cells in G1. Mutation of cdc2-type protein kinase phosphorylation sites in @entity13225 eliminates the ionizing radiation response. The gamma-irradiation-induced phosphorylation of RPA @entity13225 is delayed in cells from @entity1129 , a @entity1 @entity74 conferring DNA repair defects and early-onset tumorigenesis. UV-induced phosphorylation of RPA @entity13225 occurs less rapidly than gamma-irradiation-induced phosphorylation but is kinetically similar between @entity1129 and normal cells. This is the first time that modification of a repair protein, RPA, has been linked with a DNA damage response and suggests that phosphorylation may play a role in regulating DNA repair pathways.

title: The ionizing radiation-induced replication protein A phosphorylation response differs between XXXX and normal @entity1 cells.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia telangiectasia']

answer: @entity1129 :: (MESH:D001260,Disease) :: ['ataxia telangiectasia']


abstract: Neuronal precursor cells present in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during early development have been previously shown to differentiate in vitro to neurons, as characterized by morphology, cell surface antigens, and electrophysiological properties (H. Rohrer, S. Henke-Fahle, T. El-Sharkawy, H. D. Lux, and H. Thoenen, 1985, Embo J. 4, 1709-1714). In the present study the conditions necessary for the initial differentiation and long-term survival of these cells were established, and the neurotransmitter phenotype of the newly differentiated neurons was analyzed. Neuronal precursor cells isolated from @entity1573 DRG at Embryonic Day 6 (E6) were found to require the presence of a @entity539 substrate coated with either @entity9043 or fibronectin for initial neurite production and long-term survival. Neurons were unable to develop on @entity539 alone or on @entity539 coated with BSA. The survival and neurite outgrowth from neuronal precursor cells was not affected by the presence of @entity10490 ( @entity10490 ) during the first 9 hr in culture. @entity10490 also had no effect on the proportion of cells expressing the neuron-specific Q211 antigen. However, after this initial differentiation period the neurons did require the presence of a survival factor. The neurons could be maintained for at least 6 days in culture both in the presence of @entity10490 and in the presence of @entity19600 ( @entity19600 ). At saturating concentrations of both survival factors no additive effects could be observed, indicating a complete overlap of @entity10490 - and @entity19600 -responsiveness. Although the same proportion of cells survived with either @entity10490 or @entity19600 during the first 3 days in culture, survival decreased in the presence of @entity19600 but not in the presence of @entity10490 during the following 3 days in culture. The loss of @entity19600 responsiveness in vitro was also observed in vivo. After 6 days in culture about 70% of the neurons expressed substance P immunoreactivity, and approximately the same proportion was positive for myelin-associated glycoprotein immunoreactivity. The neurons did not express properties of adrenergic neurons such as @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactivity or @entity1063 uptake. These findings indicate that the neuronal precursor cells from E6 DRG acquire the same characteristics in vitro as in their normal in vivo environment.

title: Neuronal precursor cells in XXXX dorsal root ganglia: differentiation and survival in vitro.

entities_list: @entity539 :: ('MESH:C008973', 'Chemical') :: ['polyornithine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity19600 :: ('396186(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The third ventricle is located in the center of the brain, surrounded by critical structures. The authors reported their experience in the surgical treatment of @entity5 originated from or expanding within the third ventricle, analysing the postoperative results and @entity1 's outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on 120 @entity1 , who had been operated in our neurosurgical department for @entity5 of the third ventricle and adjacent region over the last 21 years. According to their place of origin, these @entity5 were divided into @entity5 of the third ventricle (69 cases) and @entity5 developed from the surrounding structures (51 cases). The @entity1 were operated on via a transcallosal-transventricular approach (58.34%), transcortical parieto-occipital approach (26.67%) or subfrontal approach (15%). Microsurgery has been used in all cases. In 20 @entity1 (16.67%), preoperative ventricular drainage was performed. Stereotactic procedures were not used in this study. RESULTS: The overall mortality in this series was 11.67% (14 120 died). The death was directly correlated to the surgery in 8 cases, to general complications in 3 cases, to recurrence of the @entity5 in 2 cases, and to @entity5033 in one case. Perioperative good evolution (GOS 5) was noted in 54 @entity1 (45%), but at one-year follow-up, good neurological evolution was recorded in 72 @entity1 (60%). The long-term neurological outcome recorded @entity16 in 21.42% of @entity1 , a permanent @entity2010 in 5.1% of @entity1 and the persistence of @entity51 in 28.57%. The recurrence of the @entity5 has been encountered in 16 @entity1 (13.34%). CONCLUSIONS: Transcallosal approach remains the best method for the microneurosurgical treatment of third @entity5 . This route provides the capability for a superior visualization of the entire cavity of the third ventricle through different corridors, and permanent @entity51 are not frequent.

title: XXXX of the third ventricle region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'ventricle tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and neuropsychological deficits', 'neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['shunt malfunction']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Surgery of tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9585 is a common @entity1909 , but only a few histologic studies have been reported and most of these maintain that its microscopic features are those of a chronic nonspecific @entity1909 . METHODS: A retrospective light microscopic study was performed on biopsy specimens taken from 39 @entity1 with localized @entity9585 on face, arms and forearms without signs of @entity402 . Thirty-two @entity1 were @entity1 or @entity1 and seven were @entity1 or @entity1 , with ages ranging from 7 to 37 years. The duration of illness varied from 1 month to 10 years. The clinical picture was characterized by three clinical stages: papular erythematous, papular hypochromic, and smooth hypochromic. RESULTS: The histologic study revealed features that were suggestive, though not pathognomonic, of the diagnosis. The most remarkable changes involved the pilary apparatus, which showed horny plugs, spongiotic @entity4 , and @entity39473 . There was also a disturbance of melanization secondary to epithelial damage. The tissue reaction was more conspicuous in the @entity272 with follicular papules. CONCLUSIONS: A histopathologic diagnosis of @entity9585 may be proposed when the following features are seen in a biopsy specimen taken from a @entity272 with follicular papules: (1) irregular pigmentation by melanin of the basal layer; (2) follicular plugging; (3) follicular spongiosis; and (4) @entity39473 .

title: XXXX : a histologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls', 'men']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity39473 :: ('MESH:D012625', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic sebaceous glands']

entities_list: @entity9585 :: ('MESH:D010915', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis alba', 'Pityriasis alba']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity9585 :: (MESH:D010915,Disease) :: ['Pityriasis alba']


abstract: A high prevalence of @entity150 ( @entity1606 ) has been noted in captive fishing @entity468 (Prionailurus viverrinus). Of the 91 adult deaths between 1995 and 2004, 12 (13%) were attributed to @entity1606 . To help elucidate mechanisms of @entity105 , archival sections of urinary bladder from 14 fishing @entity468 were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for p53, @entity35313 , and @entity35314 expression. Ten @entity468 had @entity1606 , and 4 were unaffected. The average age at death was 10.8 years in affected individuals and 10.5 years in unaffected individuals. There was no sex predilection. Fishing cat TCCs were characterized histologically as papillary and infiltrating (n = 6), nonpapillary and infiltrating (n = 3), or @entity189 in situ (n = 1). Glandular and @entity1544 , @entity39 , and lymphatic invasion were prominent histologic features. Two individuals had documented metastasis. p53 nuclear immunolabeling was detected in 4/10 (40%) TCCs. In two cases, immunolabeling was limited to less than 10% of the neoplastic cellular population and was comparable to staining of normal fishing cat bladder. Therefore, p53 gene mutation did not appear to be an essential component of @entity1606 in examined fishing @entity468 . @entity35313 immunohistochemistry was negative in all cases. All TCCs had some degree of @entity35314 cytoplasmic immunolabeling, which was exclusively within the invasive portions of the @entity5 . Papillary portions were uniformly negative. @entity35314 overexpression was a prominent feature in the majority of the examined fishing cat TCCs, suggesting that @entity35314 -mediated mechanisms of @entity105 are important in this species and that COX-inhibiting drugs may be of therapeutic benefit.

title: @entity1606 in fishing XXXX (Prionailurus viverrinus): pathology and expression of cyclooxygenase-1, -2, and p53.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder transitional-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['TCC carcinogenesis', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: PURPOSE: Quality of life in @entity15 has been often measured through the SF-36 questionnaire. In this study, validation of the SF-36 summary scores, its 'physical' component, and its 'mental' component was attempted by exploring the joint predictive power of disability (EDSS score), of @entity148 and @entity308 (HADS-A and -D scores, respectively), and of disease duration, progression type, age, gender and marital status. METHOD: The sample consisted of 75 @entity1 suffering from @entity15 admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit. The interplay between potential predictors was assessed through a particular regression model (classification and regression tree, @entity18527 ). Two main advantages of this technique are its robustness with respect to distributional assumptions (rarely met by scores coming in from questionnaires) and its sensitivity to high-order interactions, between independent variables, difficult to detect through conventional multiple regression. RESULTS: Predictive variables for physical component of the SF-36 were EDSS and HADS-D (36.8% variance explanation). The only predictive variable for mental component of SF-36 was HADS-D (39.1% variance explanation). CONCLUSION: Results confirm previous findings showing that in @entity1 with @entity15 quality of life is heavily determined by @entity1 's mood, whatever his/her neurological or functional severity. The usefulness and validity of the SF-36 as an index representative of quality of life is debatable, as long as @entity308 explains much of its variance. Further refinement of quality of life definition and measurement is worth further psychometric and statistical research.

title: @entity308 is the main determinant of quality of life in XXXX : a classification-regression ( @entity18527 ) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For assessing the prognosis of a @entity732 ( @entity732 ), examination of the arterial blood flow by @entity941 angiography is necessary. @entity1 AND METHODS: In seven @entity1 (mean age: 68.1, youngest 61, oldest 76 years old), with @entity732 of varying involvement and extent, the disturbed retinal blood flow was demonstrated by this method. All the @entity1 were subjected to Doppler sonography of the carotid arteries and all had a general medical examination. RESULTS: The most impressive sign was the retrograde filling of the retinal arterial and/or venous branches from the adjacent retinal vessels and capillaries. In four @entity1 the visual acuity was better after the disappearance of the @entity1829 . In one @entity1 the @entity227 slightly decreased at follow-up. This means that not every @entity1 with retrograde filling of dye in @entity732 has a bad prognosis in terms of visual function. The extent and duration of the retrograde filling with dye and the arterial or venous passage varied from @entity1 to @entity1 . There was also delayed filling with an increased period of retention in an artery (which is an adverse sign in @entity732 ), and retrograde filling of the corresponding vein. This latter came from small adjacent veins, but the retrograde filling of an artery came from capillaries or from very small adjacent arterioles. All the @entity1 showed signs of general @entity262 , such as occlusion or the presence of plaques in the carotid artery, absolute @entity943 , arterial @entity101 , @entity4616 , @entity6 , @entity5052 , Factor V mutation, @entity3563 or @entity301 . CONCLUSION: Retrograde filling of the retinal arterial and/or venous branches means a kind of spontaneous healing compared to a condition with @entity2319 . It is recommended that @entity941 angiography should be carried out for all @entity1 with @entity732 , in order to estimate the prognosis of the @entity432 . This is the first published record of consecutive pictures showing the retrograde filling of retinal arteries and/or veins with @entity732 . In every @entity1 with a @entity732 an extensive medical and neurological examination (including echocardiography and Doppler sonography of the carotid arteries) is essential before planning the treatment.

title: A @entity941 angiographic study of XXXX ( @entity732 ) - the retrograde filling of occluded vessels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3563 :: ('MESH:C566403', 'Disease') :: ['homocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['complete permanent obstruction of circulation']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['retinal edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['BRAO', 'branch retinal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity732 :: (MESH:D015356,Disease) :: ['branch retinal artery occlusion']


abstract: True @entity2967 of the larynx (GCTL) are quite rare, and only individual case reports are documented in the literature. Eight cases of GCTL were identified in the @entity5 Registry between 1966 and 2000. There were 2 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 , ages 26 to 62 years (mean, 44.5 yrs). @entity1 presented with a palpable neck mass (n = 5), @entity1224 (n = 3), hoarseness (n = 3), and @entity1282 (n = 2). All @entity5 involved the thyroid cartilage, a few with local extension. The mean @entity5 size was 4.1 cm. Histologically, the @entity5 showed no connection to the surface epithelium and arose in sites of ossification. The @entity5 had an expansile, infiltrative growth and consisted of numerous multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells within a cellular stroma composed of plump, oval mononuclear cells. Of interest was that the nuclei of the giant cells were similar to the nuclei of the stromal cells. Treatment included biopsy only with adjuvant therapy (n = 2), local resection (n = 3), and total laryngectomy (n = 3). Follow-up showed 5 @entity1 were alive without evidence of disease (mean follow-up, 6.9 yrs); 2 died of unrelated causes (mean survival, 22.2 yrs). No @entity1 developed recurrences. GCTL are rare @entity5 that can cause significant @entity1224 . Complete surgical resection yields an excellent outcome without adjuvant therapy.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic series of eight cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Otorhinolaryngic Pathology Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['Giant cell tumor of the larynx']


abstract: The region of the @entity47129 genome involved in site-specific recombination with the DNA of @entity47129 spp. has been identified. Two orfs, transcribed from the same strand, have been found immediately upstream of the phage attachment site (attP). The orf adjacent to attP predicts a 385-amino-acid protein that presents significant similarity with site-specific recombinases of the integrase family. The other orf encodes a basic polypeptide of 76 @entity535 residues. The junctions of the prophage with the genomes of its hosts have been determined, allowing the identification of the host attachment site (attB), which has a common 19- @entity377 core region with attP. The attB site is located at the 3' end of the transfer RNALeu gene (anticodon @entity3386 ). Nonreplicative plasmids containing the @entity47129 -specific recombination cassette integrate into different lactobacilli but also into unrelated Gram-positive bacteria such as @entity7878 and even into @entity526 . In Lc. lactis, integration occurs in a previously unknown intergenic region, whereas in @entity526 , it maps within the rrnD operon, 5' of rrsD gene. Comparison of the integration sites in the different hosts indicates that some flexibility is permitted in the attB sequence, since Lc. lactis and @entity526 only share 13 and 11 @entity2036 , respectively, with the 19- @entity377 core sequence of the lactobacilli.

title: The site-specific recombination system of the @entity47129 species XXXX integrates in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity47129 :: ('51369', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'bacteriophage A2', 'A2']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity47129 :: (51369,Species) :: ['bacteriophage A2']


abstract: The use of prosthetic mesh has become the standard of care in the management of @entity547 because of its association with a low rate of recurrence. However, despite its use, recurrence rates of 1% have been reported in primary inguinal repair and rates as high as 15% with @entity4037 repair. When dealing with difficult recurrent @entity547 , the two-layer prosthetic repair technique is a good option. In the event of incarcerated or strangulated @entity547 , however; placement of prosthetic material is controversial due to the increased risk of @entity281 . The same is true when @entity547 repairs are performed concurrently with potentially contaminated procedures such as cholecystectomy, appendectomy, or colectomy. The purpose of this study is to report our preliminary results on the treatment of recurrent @entity547 by combining laparoscopic and open techniques to construct a two-layered prosthetic repair using a four ply mesh of porcine small intestine submucosa (Surgisis, Cook Surgical, Bloomington, IN, USA) in a potentially infected field and a combination of @entity7502 and ePTFE (Gore-Tex, W.L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) in a clean field. From September 2002 to January 2004, nine @entity1 (three males and six females) underwent laparoscopic and open placement of surgisis mesh in a two layered fashion for either recurrent incisional or @entity169 in a contaminated field. A total of eight recurrent @entity547 repairs were performed (five incisional, three inguinal) and one abdominal wall repair after resection of a @entity3 following open colectomy for @entity694 . Six procedures were performed in a potentially contaminated field ( @entity29 ), two procedures were performed in a contaminated field because of infected @entity7502 mesh, and one was in a clean field. Mean @entity1 age was 56.4 years. The average operating time was 156.8 min. Operative findings included seven incarcerated @entity547 (four incisional and three inguinal), one strangulated @entity169 , and one ventral defect after resection of an abdominal wall metastasis for a previous @entity694 resection. In two of the cases, there was an abscess of a previously placed @entity7502 mesh. All procedures were completed with two layers of mesh (eight cases with surgisis and one with combination of @entity7502 /ePTFE). Median follow up was 10 months. Complications included two @entity2080 , one @entity293 , two cases of @entity891 and one prolonged ileus. There were no wound @entity281 . The average postoperative length of stay was 7.8 days. There have been no mesh-related complications or recurrent @entity547 in our early postoperative follow-up period. The use of a new prosthetic device in infected or potentially infected fields, and the two-layered approach shows promising results. This is encouraging and provides an alternative approach for the management of difficult, recurrent @entity547 .

title: Preliminary results of a two-layered prosthetic repair for recurrent XXXX combining open and laparoscopic techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['incarcerated or strangulated bowel within the hernia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['inguinal and ventral hernias']


abstract: Developmental changes in @entity19 placentae from the 6th to the 18th day of pregnancy were studied in vivo and in vitro. Placental volume increased from the 6th to the 18th day of pregnancy; however, the total number of cells per placenta reached a plateau on the 14th day. Decidual cells were predominant in the placenta on the 6th day. Placentae obtained from the 10th to the 18th day contained decidual cells, trophoblastic (labyrinth and spongiotrophoblast) cells, and trophoblast giant cells. Decidual cells increased in number from the 6th to the 10th but decreased on the 14th day, whereas trophoblastic cells increased linearly until the 14th day. Two types of placental cells were distinguished in vitro: small fibroblast-like cells and large flattened cells containing 2-3 nuclei. The large cells reacted to anti- @entity11825 antibody, indicating their decidual character. The small cells reacting to anti-keratin antibody appeared to be trophoblastic cells. Decidual cells from all days of gestation were nonproliferative, regressing with time in culture. 17 @entity10769 (E, 10(-9) and 10(-8) M), @entity1420 (P, 10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8) M), and a combination of E and P (10(-9) M each) stimulated proliferation of the trophoblastic cells only from the 6th and the 10th days. @entity441 (2 x 10(-7) M), but not @entity440 , significantly inhibited the E-induced proliferation of the trophoblastic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Developmental changes in XXXX placental cells from several stages of pregnancy in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['Keoxifene']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: 1 The ability of the selective @entity5376 antagonist @entity3974 to reduce raised mesolimbic dopaminergic activity was studied in behavioural experiments in the @entity35 and marmoset. 2 @entity3974 injected into the nucleus accumbens (0.01-1 ng) or peripherally (0.01-1 mg kg-1 i.p.) @entity2915 caused by the acute intra-accumbens injection of @entity4944 (10 micrograms) in the @entity35 . Similar treatments with @entity3216 and @entity1768 also inhibited the @entity4944 -induced @entity2915 . 3 The peripheral administration of @entity3974 (0.001-0.1 mg kg-1 i.p., b.d.) during a 13 day period of @entity935 infusion (25 micrograms 24 h-1) into the nucleus accumbens of the @entity35 reduced the @entity935 -induced @entity2915 response to control (vehicle infused) levels. Locomotor activity remained at control levels after discontinuing the @entity935 / @entity3974 treatment regimen. 4 The @entity2915 caused by the infusion of @entity935 into the @entity35 nucleus accumbens was also inhibited by @entity1768 (0.01-0.05 mg kg-1 i.p., b.d.), but locomotor activity was suppressed to levels below control values and a rebound @entity2915 occurred after discontinuation of the @entity935 / @entity1768 treatment regimen. 5 The discontinuation of a concomitant 13 day intra-accumbens infusion of @entity935 with @entity1767 , 0.01 mg kg-1 i.p.t.d.s., caused a rebound @entity2915 . This @entity2915 was suppressed by @entity3974 (0.001-0.1 mg kg-1 i.p.). 6 The unilateral infusion of @entity935 (25 micrograms 24 h-1, 13 days) into the left amygdala of @entity35 having right hemispheric dominance (as measured in a turn preference test) caused @entity2915 . Intraperitoneal administration of @entity3974 (0.1-100 micrograms kg-1) or @entity1768 (0.025-0.1 mg kg-1), and the intra-amygdaloid injection of @entity3974 (0.1-100 ng) or @entity1768 (25-500 pg), either into the infused or non-infused side, inhibited the @entity935 -induced @entity2915 . 7 Marmosets receiving bilaterial infusions of @entity935 (25 micrograms 24 h-1 for 13 days) into the nucleus accumbens also exhibited increased locomotor activity, @entity3974 (0.1-1.0 micrograms kg-1 t.d.s.), reduced the @entity2915 to control levels with no rebound @entity2915 following the discontinuation of the @entity935 / @entity3974 treatment regimen. @entity1768 (0.01-2.5 mg kg-1 i.p., t.d.s.) also inhibited the @entity2915 , but locomotor activity was reduced to values below control levels and a rebound @entity2915 followed the discontinuation of the @entity935 / @entity1768 treatment. 8. It is concluded that the @entity5376 antagonist @entity3974 , and the neuroleptic agents @entity1768 , @entity3216 and @entity1767 , can reduce raised mesolimbic dopaminergic activity in the @entity35 and marmoset. @entity3974 is distinguished from the @entity935 receptor antagonists by, firstly, its ability to return the @entity2915 response to control values, without excessive suppression of locomotion even on enhanced dosage regimes and, secondly, by the lack of rebound @entity2915 following abrupt discontinuation of its treatment.

title: Effects of the @entity5376 antagonist, @entity3974 , on raised dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic system of the XXXX and marmoset brain.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor hyperactivity', 'hyperactivity', 'inhibited the locomotor hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1768 :: ('MESH:D005476', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine', 'Fluphenazine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We investigated the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of @entity900 encapsulated in @entity968 -coated long-circulating liposomes in a formulation referred to as @entity23904 , in three @entity19 @entity5 models (M-109 @entity2 inoculated s.c., J-6456 lymphoma inoculated i.p. and A-375 @entity320 inoculated s.c.). Tumor-bearing @entity19 were injected i.v. with single doses of @entity23904 and @entity900 . For pharmacokinetic experiments, @entity19 were sacrificed at different timepoints post-treatment. @entity902 levels were determined in plasma, spleen, liver, kidneys and @entity5 using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Survival times and/or @entity5 size were recorded for therapeutic studies. The pharmacokinetic studies revealed a prolonged circulation time and enhanced @entity5 uptake for @entity23904 . In contrast to these results, no superior antitumor activity of @entity23904 over @entity900 could be observed in all @entity5 models. In vitro release experiments showed a negligible release (below 10%) of @entity902 from the liposomes. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated a reduced cytotoxic activity of @entity23904 in comparison to @entity900 . We concluded that @entity23904 is being delivered to the @entity5 sites in a low bioavailability form, with extremely slow release kinetics. This explains the discrepant results of high @entity902 concentrations in @entity5 and reduced therapeutic activity after administration of @entity23904 .

title: Pharmacological studies of @entity900 encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes in XXXX @entity5 models.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum', 'Platinum']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) mediates the turnover of short-lived and misfolded proteins in the ER membrane or lumen. In spite of its important role, only subtle growth phenotypes have been associated with defects in ERAD. We have discovered that the ERAD proteins @entity49654 ( @entity49654 ), @entity49655 , and @entity47502 ( @entity47502 ) are required for growth of @entity375 that express high levels of the @entity5068 biosynthetic enzyme, @entity2453 reductase (HMGR). Interestingly, the observed growth defect was exacerbated at low temperatures, producing an HMGR-dependent cold sensitivity. @entity375 strains lacking @entity49654 , @entity49655 , or @entity47502 also assembled aberrant karmellae (ordered arrays of membranes surrounding the nucleus that assemble when HMGR is expressed at high levels). However, rather than reflecting the accumulation of abnormal karmellae, the cold sensitivity of these ERAD mutants was due to increased HMGR catalytic activity. Mutations that compromise proteasomal function also resulted in cold-sensitive growth of @entity375 with elevated HMGR, suggesting that improper degradation of ERAD targets might be responsible for the observed cold-sensitive phenotype. However, the essential ERAD targets were not the @entity375 HMGR enzymes themselves. The @entity5068 metabolite profile of @entity49654 Delta cells was altered relative to that of wild-type cells. Since @entity5068 levels are known to regulate membrane fluidity, the viability of ERAD mutants expressing normal levels of HMGR was examined at low temperatures. Cells lacking @entity49654 , @entity49655 , or @entity47502 were cold sensitive, suggesting that these ERAD proteins have a role in cold adaptation, perhaps through effects on @entity5068 biosynthesis.

title: Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation is required for cold adaptation and regulation of @entity5068 biosynthesis in the XXXX @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: We investigated the importance of @entity460 ( @entity141 ) influx in increasing the steady state concentrations of mRNAs coding for the pituitary peptides PRL, alpha, and TSH, LH, and @entity19610 -subunits. Adult female @entity35 pituitaries were dissociated, plated for 48 h, then inserted into perifusion chambers. Secretory responses were measured after 2 and 22 h of perifusion, and after 24 h, the cells were recovered, total RNA was extracted, and mRNAs were assayed by dot blot hybridization. The first experiment examined the effect of the @entity141 channel blocker @entity1855 (100 microM) on the stimulatory action of pulsatile @entity1218 (4 nM; 60-min interval) or @entity1176 (100 pM; 60-min interval) on pituitary mRNAs. @entity1218 pulses induced a significant increase (49-56%) in PRL, alpha, and @entity17001 mRNAs. Similarly, @entity1176 pulses stimulated a rise in alpha (64%) and @entity19610 (50%) mRNAs, but not @entity18378 . The effects of pulsatile @entity1218 or @entity1176 were eliminated when @entity1855 was added to the medium, suggesting that @entity141 influx is critical to the stimulatory action of @entity1218 or @entity1176 . The second experiment examined the effect of pulsatile vs. continuous increases in intracellular @entity141 on pituitary mRNA expression. Pulsatile @entity141 signals were produced by giving 60-min pulses of 50 mM @entity4338 , @entity9898 (10 microM), or @entity9898 (10 microM; in the presence of 10 mM @entity4338 in the injectate) and vehicle pulses to controls. Continuous increases in intracellular @entity141 were induced by perifusion with medium containing the @entity141 ionophore @entity3365 (20 microM), and these groups were compared to that receiving continuous @entity1855 . Pulsatile increases in @entity141 influx ( @entity4338 or @entity9898 ) stimulated significant elevations in all mRNAs studied (36-74% increase vs. controls), with the exception of @entity17001 . The magnitude of the mRNA responses to pulsatile @entity141 (vs. controls) was similar to that observed after @entity1218 and @entity1176 pulses. In contrast, only @entity18378 was increased by @entity3365 (42% increase vs. controls; P < 0.05). PRL and alpha mRNAs were selectively diminished by @entity3365 (57% and 83% decreases vs. controls, respectively; P < 0.05) and @entity1855 (67% and 60%; P < 0.05). The data show that expression of these pituitary genes is regulated by @entity141 and that a pulsatile @entity141 signal is required to stimulate PRL, alpha, and @entity19610 (but not @entity18378 ).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of prolactin, thyrotropin subunit, and gonadotropin subunit gene expression by pulsatile or continuous XXXX signals.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']