abstract: Genetic differences in susceptibility to two-stage @entity105 have been known for many years. Studies of genetic crosses of sensitive DBA/2 with resistant C57BL/6 @entity19 suggested that multiple autosomal genes determine the sensitivity of these @entity19 to @entity864 ( @entity865 ) @entity1489 promotion. Previous studies mapped one promotion susceptibility locus, @entity21139 , to distal chromosome 9. Analysis of @entity865 promotion susceptibility in (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F(1) x C57BL/6 @entity19 and B x D recombinant inbred @entity19 strains suggested tentative associations of promotion susceptibility with several other chromosomal regions. To confirm these associations (C57BL/6 x BxD27)F(2) @entity19 analyzed for @entity865 promotion susceptibility were genotyped for polymorphic genetic markers mapping to chromosomal regions for which tentative associations had been previously detected. BxD27 @entity19 are sensitive to @entity865 @entity1489 promotion but carry the C57BL/6 allele of @entity21139 . Because @entity21139 does not segregate in this cross, its effect on @entity865 promotion susceptibility is the same for all @entity19 in the cross. The results of this analysis support the mapping of three novel promotion susceptibility loci to chromosomes 1, 2, and 19. @entity66688 maps near D2Mit229 on distal chromosome 2, and inheritance of the dominant DBA/2 allele results in increased sensitivity to @entity865 . @entity66689 maps near D1Mit511 on distal chromosome 1. Interestingly, inheritance of an allele from the resistant C57BL/6 parent results in increased sensitivity to @entity865 . @entity66689 appears to have an additive affect, with heterozygous @entity19 having a stronger response to @entity865 than @entity19 homozygous for the DBA/2 allele and a weaker response to @entity865 than @entity19 homozygous for the C57BL/6 allele. @entity66690 maps near D19Mit38 on distal chromosome 19 and inheritance of the dominant C57BL/6 allele results in decreased @entity865 sensitivity. Analysis of the combined effects of these loci on @entity865 promotion susceptibility indicates that they contribute independently to the overall sensitivity to @entity865 .

title: Identification of novel genetic loci contributing to XXXX @entity1489 promotion susceptibility in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The early @entity455 linked with @entity28 and a sedentary lifestyle heightens the likelihood of suffering from future cardiovascular events. @entity10795 ( @entity10795 ) may improve systemic arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)) and muscle strength in pre- and post-menopausal @entity1 . However, the effectiveness of @entity10795 to impact the arterial segments included in baPWV is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity10795 on aortic and leg arterial stiffness in young sedentary overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 . Thirty-eight young (21 years) overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 were randomized to @entity10795 (n=25) or a nonexercising control (CON, n=13) groups for 6 weeks. @entity122 , @entity551 (BP), wave reflection (augmentation index (AIx)) and leg muscle strength measurements were acquired before and after 6 weeks. @entity10795 significantly reduced carotid-femoral @entity122 ( @entity2333 , P<0.05), femoral-ankle (leg arterial stiffness, P<0.01) and baPWV (systemic arterial stiffness, P<0.01) compared with CON. The reduction in brachial systolic BP (SBP), heart rate, aortic SBP, aortic diastolic BP, AIx normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats per min (AIx@75; P<0.01) and AIx (P<0.05) following @entity10795 was significant compared with CON (P<0.05). @entity10795 increased leg muscle strength compared with CON (P<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between changes in relative muscle strength and @entity2333 (r=-0.41, P<0.05). @entity10795 led to reductions in arterial stiffness, central BP and wave reflection in young @entity28 @entity1 . @entity10795 may be an effective intervention toward vascular health promotion and prevention in young overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02679898). @entity101 Research advance online publication, 12 January 2017; doi:10.1038/hr.2016.178.

title: Benefits of whole-body vibration training on arterial function and muscle strength in young overweight/ @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['WBVT', 'Whole-body vibration training']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['brachial and aortic blood pressures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the magnitude and risk factors for @entity3147 in Kasese district at the Uganda-Congo border. DESIGN: Cross sectional nutrition survey. METHODS: Thirty clusters were selected. The height, weight, and mid upper arm circumference of at least 31 @entity1 per cluster were measured. Data on food frequency, prevalence of cough, @entity221 and @entity294 was also collected. RESULTS: Half of the 932 @entity1 (49.8%) were stunted, and 21.9% were severely stunted. While 17.4% of the @entity1 were under weight, 1.29% were wasted and 3.7% had MUAC <12.5 cm. Risk factors for stunting included not consuming milk, fathers' low formal education, having no immunisation card, and not breast feeding among 12-23 months old. Risk factors for underweight included fathers' and mothers' low education level, consumption of legumes, and @entity221 or @entity294 two weeks before the survey. For @entity5653 the risk factors were consumption of vegetables, legumes or starchy foods. Those not consuming high-energy or animal foods including milk were likely to be severely wasted as were those not breast feeding in the 12-23 months age group. @entity221 or a @entity294 episode two weeks preceding the survey and living in a female-headed household, were also risk factors for severe @entity5653 . CONCLUSION: Attention to education, poverty alleviation, appropriate feeding practices, prevention and treatment of @entity281 might assist in combating @entity3147 in this district.

title: Nutrition status of XXXX in Kasese district at the Uganda-Congo border.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of @entity419 positron emission tomography after standard diagnostic workup in @entity1 with advanced head and @entity213 on @entity5 and radiation treatment planning. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective controlled study. METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1 (42 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ; mean age, 61 y; age range, 35-85 y) with histologically confirmed, advanced-stage (any T, N> or =N2 or T> or =T3, any N) mucosal head and @entity213 underwent positron emission tomography. The routine workup consisting of physical examination, panendoscopy, chest x-ray film, and contrast-enhanced high-resolution helical computed tomography scan (HRCT) was used for comparison. End points were the extent of @entity1600 , distant @entity3 , and second @entity5 . RESULTS: In 41 of 48 @entity1 (85%) the lymph node findings between HRCT and positron emission tomography were concordant. In three @entity1 positron emission tomography led to an upstaging of the @entity5 in its N category, and in four @entity1 positron emission tomography underestimated lymph node involvement. Positron emission tomography revealed more difficulties in delineating lymph node @entity3 adjacent to the primary @entity5 than did HRCT, but was superior for the detection of distant and contralateral lymph node @entity3 . Positron emission tomography suggested distant metastatic lesions in 6 of 48 @entity1 (13%). Cytological workup confirmed distant @entity3 in two (4%) and second @entity5 in another two @entity1 (4%). Positron emission tomography results were false-positive in two (4%) @entity1 because of inflammatory changes. CONCLUSIONS: Whole-body PET is able to assess lymph node involvement, distant @entity3 , and second primaries in a single study. Even after a routine clinical @entity5 , positron emission tomography leads to a change of treatment in approximately 8% of @entity1 .

title: Impact of positron emission tomography on the initial XXXX and therapy in locoregional advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'staging']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['staging']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value for prolonged @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) and hospital length of stay (LOS) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS), and to identify associated characteristics. DESIGN: Prospective cohort, 18-month observation. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: All admissions to a 12-bed, inner-city, university-affiliated hospital, medical @entity1213 from July 1999 to December 2000. MEASUREMENTS: Data for APACHE II and LODS scoring systems were collected within 24 hours of admission. Lengths of @entity1213 and hospital stay were the primary outcomes. Prolonged @entity1213 and hospital LOS were defined as 3 or more and 6 or more days. RESULTS: A total of 584 @entity1 , mean age 49, 56% @entity1 , 82% African American were admitted to the @entity1213 . At admission they had (mean +/-SD) APACHE II (18 +/- 10), LODS (5 +/- 4), and predicted mortality of 32% +/- 29%. @entity6 was the admitting diagnosis in 42 (7.6%) @entity1 ; they had lower APACHE II (12 +/- 6), LODS (2 +/- 1), and predicted mortality 5% +/- 5% than the general @entity1213 population (all, P <.001). Hospital mortality in non- @entity6 @entity1 was 18%; there were no deaths in @entity1 with @entity6 . Among @entity6 @entity1 , those with insulin noncompliance had a shorter hospital stay (2.8 +/- 1 d) than those with an underlying illness as the @entity6 trigger (4.8 +/- 3, P =.02). Between @entity1 with @entity6 , regardless of the LOS, there were no significant differences in APACHE II, LODS, or predicted mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1213 -admitted @entity1 with @entity6 are less ill, and have lower disease severity scores, mortality, and shorter length of @entity1213 and hospital stay than non- @entity6 @entity1 . Disease severity scores are not, but precipitating cause is, predictor associated with prolonged hospital LOS in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Predictors of @entity1213 and hospital length of stay in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'DKA']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anal canal dilatation and sphincterotomy have been recommended besides hemorrhoidectomy to overcome the anal pressures in the management of @entity6713 . The aim of this study to compare internal sphincterotomy and hemorrhoidectomy with hemorrhoidectomy alone with respect to manometric and clinical measures. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity1 with @entity6713 were randomly assigned to receive either hemorrhoidectomy with sphincterotomy or hemorrhoidectomy alone. Anal canal pressures including mean squeeze pressure, maximal resting anal canal pressure, and mean resting anal canal pressure, were recorded by manometry before the operation. The @entity1 were evaluated one week and two weeks after the operation clinically and three months later by manometry. RESULTS: The @entity1 were matched with respect to age, gender, and chief complaints. The mean+/-SD age of the @entity1 in hemorrhoidectomy with sphincterotomy group (A) was 43.8+/-14 and in hemorrhoidectomy alone group (B) was 43.94+/-15 years. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. One week after the operation, there was no statistically significant differences in the frequency of @entity86 complications like @entity158 and @entity322 between the two groups except for @entity1241 which was more frequent in group A. After two weeks, the same results with an acceptable improvement in @entity1241 in group A were observed. Three months after the operation, manometry showed considerable reduction in the mean resting anal canal pressure and maximal resting anal canal pressure in group A; the mean squeeze pressure did not have any changes in either group. CONCLUSION: We recommend sphincterotomy plus hemorrhoidectomy for @entity1 with high anal canal pressure documented by manometry prior to the operation.

title: Role of internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine @entity2 screening does not currently exist in the United States. Computed tomography can detect small @entity5 and may well be the screening choice in the future. Controversy exists, however, regarding the surgical management of these @entity2 . METHODS: The records of all @entity1 were reviewed who underwent resection of solitary @entity1149 1 cm or less in diameter from 1980 through 1999. RESULTS: The study included 100 @entity1 (56 @entity1 and 44 @entity1 ) with a median age of 67 years (range 43 to 84 years). Lobectomy was performed in 71 @entity1 , bilobectomy in 4, segmentectomy in 12, and wedge excision in 13. Ninety-four @entity1 had complete mediastinal lymph node dissection. The @entity5 was an @entity420 in 48 @entity1 , @entity957 in 26, @entity133 in 19, @entity152 in 4, @entity1358 in 2, and undifferentiated in 1. @entity5 diameter ranged from 3 to 10 mm. Seven @entity1 had lymph node @entity3 (N1, 5 @entity1 ; N2, 2 @entity1 ). Postsurgical stage was IA in 92 @entity1 , IB in 1, IIA in 5, and IIIA in 2. There were four operative @entity204 . Follow-up was complete in all @entity1 and ranged from 4 to 214 months (median 43 months). Eighteen @entity1 (18.0%) developed recurrent @entity2 . Overall and @entity2 -specific 5-year survivals were 64.1% and 85.4%, respectively. @entity1 who underwent lobectomy had significantly better survival and fewer recurrences than @entity1 who had wedge excision or segmentectomy (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Because recurrent @entity5 and @entity1600 can occur in @entity1 with @entity1149 1 cm or less in size, lobectomy with lymph node dissection is warranted when medically possible.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX 1 cm or less in diameter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'small lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bal  's @entity1463 ( @entity35506 ) is considered a rare @entity17 and regarded as an aggressive variant of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). We describe three cases (one male and two females) with neuroimaging features suggestive of @entity35506 and heterogeneous symptoms, with benign long-term clinical course upon treatment with natalizumab and fingolimod. Neurological examination, blood and cerebrospinal fluid analyses, brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were performed. At onset, @entity1 #1 showed predominant @entity73 with @entity1662 disturbances; @entity1 #2 presented with left @entity1269 ; @entity1 #3 demonstrated hesitance in speech and in written word production, along with right central @entity3541 . All @entity1 showed the typical MRI changes associated with @entity35506 , such as concentric rings or a whorled appearance on T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. They were treated with high dosage i.v. @entity479 with clinical improvement and followed-up for 3  years with different clinical course. Two @entity1 fulfilled the revised McDonald criteria for @entity15 and received preventive therapy, natalizumab and fingolimod, respectively, whereas the third @entity1 is still stable without clinical and radiological evolution. All of them did not have new exacerbations or MRI lesions over 2-4  year follow-up. Our descriptions demonstrate the heterogeneity of clinical presentation of @entity35506 . Moreover, these case reports suggest that @entity35506 may neither be rapidly progressive nor fatal and may be considered part of the @entity15 spectrum. In line with this hypothesis, current treatments for @entity15 were effective in our @entity1 .

title: Bal  's @entity1463 : still to be considered as a variant of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['concentric sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex that maintains telomeric DNA, has been detected in 67-93% of @entity263 by telomeric repeat-amplification protocol assay (involving polymerase chain reaction). One study used in situ hybridization in nine @entity1 ; however, to date, no immunohistochemical results have been published. METHODS: From two hospitals, the authors compiled data on 62 @entity1 who underwent prostatectomy from January 1996 to May 2001. Representative tissue sections were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody to @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ), the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Staining was evaluated by two observers and was correlated with grade, stage, and biochemical failure. There were 28 sections from low-grade to intermediate-grade @entity5 (Gleason score, 3-6), 14 sections with a Gleason score of 3 + 4 = 7, 9 sections with a Gleason score of 4 + 3 = 7, and 11 sections from high-grade @entity5 (Gleason score, 8-10). RESULTS: From low-grade to high-grade @entity5 , the four groups described above disclosed nuclear reactivity in 64%, 100%, 100%, and 100% of sections, respectively. Mean percentages of 5%, 15%, 40%, and 51% of nuclei were reactive in the respective groups (P < 0.0001) with intratumoral heterogeneity. The percent of reactive @entity5 nuclei was not correlated with pathologic stage (P = 0.32) or margin status (P = 0.35). The basal cell layer in sections of @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) and benign/atrophic acini was reactive; secretory cells were reactive in 13 of 34 @entity5436 foci (38%) in 1-20% of nuclei and were never reactive in benign acini. Lymphocytes and skeletal muscle were reactive. Weak, nonspecific, cytoplasmic staining was noted in benign and @entity5 acini. CONCLUSIONS: Like cytokeratin 34betaE12, nuclear anti- @entity2215 reactivity is a basal cell marker in nonneoplastic prostatic acini. Anti- @entity2215 reactivity is acquired by secretory cells in tumorigenesis, but consistent reactivity is restricted to high-grade @entity189 (Gleason primary pattern >or=4). This histologic evidence suggests that higher grade @entity5 have maximally activated telomerase and may be most responsive to antitelomerase therapy.

title: @entity2215 subunit immunoreactivity: a marker for high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['TERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'HGPIN']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: Background: The clinical utility of limited-channel sleep studies (which are increasingly conducted at home) versus laboratory polysomnography (PSG) for diagnosing @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is unclear. Objective: To compare @entity1 outcomes after PSG versus limited-channel studies. Design: Multicenter, randomized, noninferiority study. (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12611000926932). Setting: 7 academic sleep centers. @entity1 : @entity1 (n  = 406) aged 25 to 80 years with suspected @entity27 . Intervention: Sleep study information disclosed to sleep physicians comprised level 1 (L1) PSG data (n  = 135); level 3 (L3), which included airflow, thoracoabdominal bands, body position, electrocardiography, and @entity26 saturation (n  = 136); or level 4 (L4), which included @entity26 saturation and heart rate (n  = 135). Measurements: The primary outcome was change in Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) score at 4 months. Secondary outcomes included the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Sleep Apnea Symptoms Questionnaire (SASQ), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compliance, and physician decision making. Results: Change in FOSQ score was not inferior for L3 (mean difference [MD], 0.01 [95% CI, -0.47 to 0.49; P  = 0.96]) or L4 (MD, -0.46 [CI, -0.94 to 0.02; P  = 0.058]) versus L1 (noninferiority margin [NIM], -1.0). Compared with L1, change in ESS score was not inferior for L3 (MD, 0.08 [CI, -0.98 to 1.13; P  = 0.89]) but was inconclusive for L4 (MD, 1.30 [CI, 0.26 to 2.35; P  = 0.015]) (NIM, 2.0). For L4 versus L1, there was less improvement in SASQ score (-17.8 vs. -24.7; P  = 0.018), less CPAP use (4.5 vs. 5.3 hours per night; P  = 0.04), and lower physician diagnostic confidence (P  = 0.003). Limitation: Limited-channel studies were simulated by extracting laboratory PSG data and were not done in the home. Conclusion: The results support manually scored L3 testing in routine practice. Poorer outcomes with L4 testing may relate, in part, to reduced physician confidence. Primary Funding Source: National Health and Medical Research Council and Repat Foundation.

title: Physician Decision Making and Clinical Outcomes With Laboratory Polysomnography or Limited-Channel Sleep Studies for XXXX : A Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Obstructive Sleep Apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is now a @entity66 and poses a major risk for diet related diseases like @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity65 , @entity64 and @entity1560 among others. In the present study we employed the @entity19 model of diet-induced @entity28 to determine the early, tissue-specific, gene expression signatures that characterized progression to @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESULTS: We used the C57BL/6  J @entity19 which is known as a counterpart for diet-induced @entity1 @entity6 and @entity28 model. Our initial experiments involved two groups of @entity19 , one on @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) and the other on high-fat and high- @entity969 (HFHSD). The later were then further separated into subgroups that either received no additional treatment, or were treated with different doses of the Ayurvedic formulation @entity39100 . At different time points (week3, week6, week9, week12, week15 and week18) eight different tissues were isolated from @entity19 being fed on different diet compositions. These tissues were used to extract gene-expression data through microarray experiment. Simultaneously, we also measured different body parameters like body weight, blood @entity413 level and cytokines profile (anti-inflammatory _ pro-inflammatory) at each time point for all the groups. Using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method we identified gene-expression signatures that predict physiological parameters like blood @entity413 levels, body weight and the balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines. The resulting models successfully predicted diet-induced changes in body weight and blood @entity413 levels, although the predictive power for cytokines profiles was relatively poor. In the former two instances, however, we could exploit the models to further extract the early gene-expression signatures that accurately predict the onset of @entity6 and @entity28 . These extracted genes allowed definition of the regulatory network involved in progression of disease. CONCLUSION: We identified the early gene-expression signature for the onset of @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . Further analysis of this data suggests that some of these genes could be used as potential biomarkers for these two disease-states.

title: Molecular signatures for XXXX and associated disorders identified through partial least square regression models.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['worldwide epidemic disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity4361 :: ('MESH:C537354', 'Disease') :: ['normal diet', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: To describe prevalence, subtypes and severity of @entity306 ( @entity306 ) in Norway using criteria proposed by the Surveillance of @entity306 in Europe (SCPE) network. MATERIAL: All @entity1 in Norway with @entity306 born in January 1996-December 1998 were registered in the @entity306 Registry of Norway. The Medical Birth Registry of Norway provided the perinatal data. RESULTS: A total of 374 @entity1 with @entity306 were identified with a prevalence of 2.1 per 1000 live births. Detailed information was obtained from 294 (79%) @entity1 . Median age at clinical assessment was 6.9 years (range: 1.9-10.2 years). Thirty-three percent of the @entity1 had spastic unilateral @entity306 , 49% spastic bilateral, 6% @entity910 , 5% ataxic @entity306 and 7% were not classified. Severely @entity227 and hearing were present in 5% and 4% of the @entity1 , respectively. Active @entity302 was present in 28%, @entity1032 in 31% and severely impaired or no speech in 28% @entity1 . The most @entity73 in gross motor function were observed in @entity1 with low Apgar scores, and the most @entity73 in fine motor function in @entity1 born at term, with normal birth weight and low Apgar scores. CONCLUSION: Compared with other populations, the prevalence of @entity306 as well as the proportions of subtypes and gross @entity73 were similar, whereas fine @entity73 and @entity73 were more common. The classification of @entity1 with mixed forms of @entity306 is still a challenge. @entity1 were more severely affected if Apgar scores were low, and if they were born at term.

title: XXXX in Norway: prevalence, subtypes and severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vision']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['associated impairments', 'motor impairments', 'severe impairments']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'Cerebral Palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral palsy']


abstract: Tumour @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity1505 ) has been proposed as an intraovarian modulator of granulosa cell function. The effect of @entity1505 on DNA synthesis in cultured @entity35 granulosa cells was examined. Tumour @entity39 factor-alpha stimulated thymidine incorporation when added in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ). In contrast, the co-mitogenic effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and @entity1810 was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by @entity1505 . Inhibition of FSH-dependent DNA synthesis by @entity1505 was also found when cultures were co-stimulated with activin A. The inhibitory action of @entity1505 on FSH-treated cultures was not associated with changes in cell viability. The inhibitory effects of @entity1505 could not be solely explained by a decrease in @entity268 levels, since @entity1505 was also able to inhibit the stimulation by @entity8279 and @entity1810 on granulosa cell DNA synthesis. These results suggest that @entity1505 regulation of granulosa cell growth is elicited either independently or downstream from gonadotrophin-induced @entity268 production. The actions of @entity1505 could be only partially mimicked by a cell-permeable analogue of @entity2367 , thus indicating that actions of this cytokine can not be fully ascribed to an activation of sphingomyelinase. Data presented here indicate that, in addition to its previously demonstrated inhibitory effects on gonadotrophin-induced cell differentiation, @entity1505 may also exert a marked inhibition on hormonally stimulated immature granulosa cell proliferation. In contrast to this inhibitory action, this cytokine could amplify the mitogenic action of putative intraovarian growth regulators such as @entity1810 . These observations add further support to the notion that @entity1505 plays a physiological role as a paracrine modulator of follicle development and may be also relevant to the alteration of ovarian function during physiopathological processes.

title: Paradoxical effects of tumour XXXX factor-alpha on @entity35 granulosa cell DNA synthesis.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl-cAMP']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that stress can cause @entity4270 , a core symptom of @entity308 , and also affect taste responses of the stressed subjects. @entity4270 refers to a reduction of the ability to experience pleasure, which can be detected by decreased response to palatable food in @entity35 . The present study was conducted to examine if stress-induced @entity4270 is accompanied by changes in gene expression for taste. DESIGN: For @entity4270 test, @entity35 had free choices of cookies, a palatable food, and chow for 1h following 1h of daily restraint sessions. To examine the development of @entity146 by restraint stress, ambulatory activity and forced swim tests were performed. Taste cells were harvested from the circumvallate papillae of @entity35 on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day of stress exposure and subjected to the analysis of gene expression for taste. RESULTS: One hour of daily stress exposure did not affect chow intake during the entire experimental period. However, from day 2 cookie intake was suppressed, suggesting the development of @entity4270 . Ambulatory activity was significantly decreased, and immobility during forced swim test was increased, after the 7th day of stress exposure, but not before. @entity10463 mRNA expression, but not T1R2, @entity65449 , @entity65450 , a-gustducin or @entity39214 mRNA expression, appeared to be decreased after the 3rd day of stress exposure. CONCLUSION: Reduced expression of @entity10463 in the taste cells, possibly leading to a reduced processing of taste information for palatable food, may additively contribute to the development of @entity4270 as a pre-symptomatic feature of @entity308 in stressed subjects.

title: Decreased expression of @entity10463 in the circumvallate taste cells in an animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral depression']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['Anhedonia', 'anhedonia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The @entity4353 transcription factor @entity3060 plays a pivotal role in the development and differentiation of melanocytes. The purpose of this work was to investigate the expression and function of the melanocyte-specific isoform @entity3060 -M in @entity1 @entity320 . We found that @entity3060 -M is repressed in 8 of 14 established @entity320 cell lines tested. Transfection of @entity3060 -M into a @entity320 cell line (518A2) lacking the M-isoform and into a permanent cell line established from normal melanocytes (NMel-II) resulted in slower @entity5 growth in a severe combined immunodeficient- @entity19 xenotransplantation model. The growth difference between vector control-transfected @entity5 derived from the NMel-II cell line (mean @entity5 weight +/- SD, 3.2 g +/- 1.13) and @entity3060 -M (+) transfectants (mean @entity5 weight +/- SD, 1.1 g +/- 0.49) was significant (P = 0.018). The mean @entity5 weight of control-transfected 518A2 @entity5 was 0.99 g +/- 0.22 and of @entity3060 -M (+) transfectants, 0.69 g +/- 0.32. The difference in growth between 518A2 controls and the @entity3060 -M (+) transfectants was clear, however it did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.08). In addition to the growth-inhibitory effects, @entity3060 -M expression led to a change in the histopathological appearance of @entity5 from epitheloid toward a spindle-cell type in vivo. These results indicate a role for the @entity3060 -M isoform in the in vivo growth control and the phenotype of @entity1 @entity320 . In conclusion, @entity3060 -M may qualify as a marker capable of identifying subgroups of @entity320 @entity1 with different @entity5 biology and prognosis.

title: The melanocyte-specific isoform of the @entity4353 transcription factor affects the phenotype of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intractable @entity3444 can be a difficult condition to treat. Early results of platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection have been promising. We compared PRP to traditional @entity821 injection in the treatment of chronic cases of @entity3444 resistant to traditional nonoperative management. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of PRP to that of @entity479 at 3, 6 and 12 months after injection. METHODS: 60 heels with @entity3444 who had failed conservative treatment were randomised to receive either PRP or @entity479 injection. All @entity1 were assessed with the Roles-Maudsley (RM) Score, Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for @entity158 and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Data was collected prospectively on the cohort, pre-treatment, at 3, 6 and 12 months post injection and the results were compared. RESULTS: Pre-injection, the two groups were well matched with no statistically significant difference. At 3 months, all three outcome scores had significantly improved from their pretreatment level in both groups. The scores in the @entity479 arm were marginally better than in the PRP arm, but this difference was not statistically significant. At 6 months, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, though there was a trend for the PRP scores to become better than the @entity479 scores. At 12 months, the RM, VAS and AOFAS scores in the PRP arm (1.9, 3.3 and 88.5) were significantly better than the @entity479 arm (2.6, 5.3 and 75) with P values of .013, .028 and .033, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PRP is as effective as @entity479 injection at achieving symptom relief at 3 and 6 months after injection, for the treatment of @entity3444 , but unlike @entity479 , its effect does not wear off with time. At 12 months, PRP is significantly more effective than @entity479 , making it better and more durable than @entity821 injection.

title: Platelet rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection for XXXX : A comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['intractable plantar fasciitis', 'plantar fasciitis']

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['plantar fasciitis']


abstract: An awake-primate model has been developed which permits reversible @entity2500 during physiological monitoring. This method eliminates the @entity63 -modifying effects of anesthesia, and permits correlation of neurological function with cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuropathology. The model was used to assess the brain's tolerance to focal @entity2806 . The MCA was occluded for 15 or 30 minutes, 2 to 3 hours, or permanently. Serial monitoring evaluated neurological function, local CBF ( @entity3884 clearance), and other physiological parameters (blood pressure, blood gases, and intracranial pressure). After 2 weeks, neuropathological evaluation identified @entity1188 and their relation to blood flow recording sites. @entity2500 usually caused substantial decreases in local CBF. Variable reduction in flow correlated directly with the variable severity of deficit. Release of @entity432 at up to 3 hours led to clinical improvement. Pathological examination showed microscopic foci of @entity1188 after 15 to 30 minutes of @entity63 , moderate to large @entity1188 after 2 to 3 hours of @entity63 , and in most cases large @entity1188 after permanent @entity2500 . Local CBF appeared to define thresholds for @entity912 and @entity1188 . When local flow dropped below about 23 cc/100 gm/min, reversible @entity912 occurred. When local flow fell below 10 to 12 cc/100 gm/min for 2 to 3 hours or below 17 to 18 cc/100 gm/min during permanent @entity432 , irreversible local damage was observed. These studies imply that some cases of acute @entity1158 , with blood flow in the @entity912 range, might be improved by surgical revascularization. Studies of local CBF might help identify suitable cases for emergency revascularization.

title: Thresholds of focal XXXX in awake monkeys.

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion', 'middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion', 'Middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Eukaryotic initiation factor 3, subunit  c ( @entity66237 ), an oncogene overexpressed in @entity1 @entity5 , plays an important role in cell tumorigenesis and proliferation. However, studies assessing its function in @entity11 are scarce. The present study evaluated for the first time, the role of @entity66237 in @entity11 . Immunohistochemistry was carried out to assess @entity66237 expression in 95  @entity1 @entity11 samples and normal brain tissues. Then, the @entity66237 mRNA levels were detected in @entity5 and normal brain specimens by quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, @entity66237 mRNA levels were assessed in four @entity11 cell lines (U87, U251, A172 and U373) by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The RNA interference (RNAi) technology was employed to knock down the @entity66237 gene in the U251 cells. Western blot analysis, @entity1603 assay and flow cytometry were used to measure @entity66237 protein levels, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and cell cycle, respectively. The @entity66237 protein was overexpressed in the @entity1 @entity11 specimens. In agreement, the @entity66237 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the @entity1 @entity11 tissues compared with the normal brain samples  (P<0.0001). In addition, @entity66237 mRNA was detected in all the @entity11 cell lines. Silencing the @entity66237 gene in the U251 cells by RNAi significantly suppressed cell proliferation (P<0.01) and increased apoptosis (P<0.01). Finally, a stark decrease was observed in the G1  phase cell number (P<0.01), while the S and G2  phase cells were significantly increased (P<0.01) after @entity66237 knockdown. These findings suggest that @entity66237 is overexpressed in @entity1 @entity11 and essential for their proliferation and survival. Therefore, inhibiting @entity66237 expression may constitute an effective therapy for @entity1 @entity11 .

title: Eukaryotic initiation factor 3C silencing inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in XXXX @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity259 ( @entity259 ) is a @entity5 . The identification of @entity175 as a specific and sensitive marker in 1968 determined a special interest of endocrinologists. Many hormones have been isolated in @entity259 . @entity175 , @entity2918 and @entity1943 are of particular interest. @entity175 is not only a marker, but is indicative of @entity5 size and prognosis. Moreover the presence of @entity175 receptors in @entity259 could have a role in the proliferation of this @entity5 . @entity1943 and the large use of @entity1943 analogs in the treatment of @entity5 raise the hope that these drugs could be effective in @entity259 @entity1 . Unfortunately, the benefits of these treatments is not validated. More interestingly, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could be of interest in this @entity5 by comparison of their use in @entity1127 . By inhibiting @entity797 or inducing 15 PGDH enzymes, we have demonstrated in vitro its effectiveness. Thus, hormones in @entity259 are not only markers but probably mediate biological effects involved in @entity5 growth.

title: XXXX and hormones.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin', 'calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin', 'Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['MTC', 'Medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC tumors']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Medullary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of non-coding RNAs found both in normal tissues and @entity5 cells. The natural miRNA, which target @entity5 genes for transcriptional repression are still unknown. Approaches for synthetic miRNA design targeting @entity5 genes have not yet been established. We designed miRNAs targeting the 3' UTR (nt 4350-4372) of @entity1722 proto-oncogene. One miRNA ( @entity11216 -14U) was designed by introducing a mutation in the nt 14 counting from the 5' end of anti-sense RNA. Two others (miR4350-10GGA and @entity11216 4350-11AAGCU) were designed by introducing either loop-forming nucleotides in position 10 or a part of the complementary sequence of the Brd-box consensus sequence, in position 11. miR4350-10GGA was more effective than the anti-sense strand in decreasing the numbers of @entity43 SKOV3 cells, which over-expressed @entity1722 protein. Its inhibitory effects were lower than that of corresponding double-stranded (ds) RNA4350-4372. Inhibition of @entity1722 expression mediated by miRNAs was higher in cells expressing higher levels of @entity1722 protein than in cells expressing lower levels of @entity1722 protein. This is the first demonstration of inhibition of expression of a constitutively over-expressed @entity5 protein by designed synthetic miRNA and its cor-responding dsRNA targeting 3' untranslated regions in mRNA. Our results also show that measuring the effects of miRNA and dsRNA in pooled populations of @entity5 cells, which express various levels of target oncogenes, may reflect the survival responses of siRNA resistant @entity5 rather than the growth inhibitory responses of siRNA-sensitive @entity5 .

title: Synthetic microRNA and double-stranded RNA targeting the 3'-untranslated region of @entity1722 mRNA inhibit @entity1722 protein expression in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 135 Background: The use of trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting is associated with reduction in mortality and recurrence. Trastuzumab is extremely well tolerated, but its use is associated with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). The incidence of this complication in the general population remains largely unknown, especially in older @entity1 . In this study we evaluated the rates and risk factors associated with trastuzumab-related @entity712 in a large cohort of older @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 @entity1 > 66 years with full Medicare coverage, diagnosed with stage I-III @entity0 between 2005-2007, and treated with chemotherapy were identified in the SEER-Medicare database. Chemotherapy and trastuzumab use, comorbidities and @entity712 were identified using ICD-9 and HCPCS codes. Analyses included descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazard model using trastuzumab as a time-dependent variable and logistic regression. RESULTS: From 3,983 @entity1 included, 847 (21.7%) received trastuzumab. Median age of the entire cohort was 71 years old. Among trastuzumab users the rate of @entity712 was 28.6% compared to 18.1% in non-trastuzumab users (p<.0001). After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and type of chemotherapy used, trastuzumab users were more likely to develop @entity712 than non-trastuzumab users (HR 1.74; 95% CI 1.47-2.06). Among trastuzumab users, older age did not further increase the risk, however history of @entity453 (OR 2.23; 95%CI 1.56-3.19), @entity340 (OR 1.41; 95%CI 1.41-2.88) and @entity2415 -as a proxy for smoking- (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.13-3.63) significantly increased the risk of @entity712 . There was a trend for increased risk of @entity712 associated with @entity5948 use (OR 1.36; 95% CI 0.93-2.00). CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of older @entity0 @entity1 , the risk of @entity712 among trastuzumab users was 1.74 times higher than non-trastuzumab users, which is higher than what has been reported in younger clinical trial @entity1 . Among older @entity0 @entity1 treated with trastuzumab, cardiac comorbidities, and @entity2415 may identify high-risk @entity1 .

title: Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity among older @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some @entity1 with severe @entity295 may have relative @entity5343 , although not all studies confirm this finding. Corticosteroids play an important role in controlling excessive immune response, and they may reduce the severity of @entity881 in @entity3124 . In this prospective study, we investigated the incidence of @entity1887 in severe @entity295 and its relation to the development of @entity881 . METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 meeting the criteria for severe @entity295 were studied. A short @entity4545 stimulation test was carried out within 24 h of the diagnosis of @entity295 . Peak serum @entity701 level < 680 nmol/L and a rise of less than 260 nmol/L were used as the criteria for relative @entity5343 . RESULTS: Relative @entity5343 was detected in six @entity1 . Duration of the ICU stay (P = 0.002) and mechanical ventilation (P = 0.024) were significantly longer in @entity1 with @entity73 . In the survivors, SOFA scores were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity73 . The plasma @entity4545 levels were normal in most of the @entity1 with relative @entity1887 , whereas most @entity1 with normal adrenal function had extremely low plasma @entity4545 levels. CONCLUSION: The ICU stay was longer and @entity881 more severe in @entity1 with impaired adrenocortical function. There was a clear dissociation between @entity4545 and @entity701 levels in AAR @entity1 . This finding suggests that the integrity of the @entity2339 may be impaired in severe @entity295 .

title: Adrenocortical function and XXXX in severe @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired adrenal function']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure', 'organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ failure']


abstract: Population-based assessments of physical health are important to evaluate healthcare resource allocation. Normative data on the level of @entity73 attributable to specific diseases and severity levels within these diseases is critical to interpreting such data. Our objective, by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis, was to test the hypothesis that specific diseases which form cardiovascular and @entity85 spectra are associated with gradients of @entity73 . We examined a @entity65 spectrum which consisted of @entity101 , @entity299 and @entity712 , and a @entity85 spectrum of @entity615 , @entity571 and @entity309 . Using Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL databases, articles which had examined these morbidities and used either the SF-12 or SF-36 in general or primary care populations were selected; data was extracted independently by three reviewers. Study characteristics were described and the mean physical component summary scores of the SF-12 or SF-36 was analysed by disease, using random-effects meta-analysis. The association between disease and physical health (mean physical component summary scores) was assessed using multilevel meta-regression analysis, adjusting for age, health setting, country, disease definition and SF-12 or 36 format. From this search, 26 articles were identified, yielding 70 separate estimates of mean physical component summary scores across the morbidities from 14 different countries. For the selected conditions, pooled unadjusted mean physical component summary scores were: 44.4 for @entity101 , 38.9 for @entity299 , 35.9 for @entity712 , 39.5 for @entity615 , 36.0 for @entity571 and 36.5 for @entity309 . The adjusted meta-regression showed mean physical component summary score difference for @entity299 of -4.6 (95  % confidence interval -6.0 to -3.2) and @entity712 -7.5 (-9.1 to -5.9) compared to the @entity101 category. For @entity571 -4.2 (-5.3 to -3.0) and @entity309 -3.9 (-9.5 to 1.6) compared to the @entity615 category. Our findings provide the benchmark norms for the differences in physical health within and between disease spectra. Improved characterisation of the relative impact of individual conditions on physical health will facilitate public health assessments of @entity102 as well as assessments of interventions using functional @entity1 -reported outcomes.

title: Variations in @entity1 -reported physical health between cardiac and XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['physical impairments']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal diseases']


abstract: CONTEXT: Existence of complex variable @entity5525 at craniovertebral junction (CVJ) in subset of @entity154 demands individualized instrumentation policy and placing screws in each bone requires strategic preoperative planning and intraoperative skills. AIM: To evaluate the clinical accuracy of knock and @entity16834 (K and D) technique for the screw placement in @entity154 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective study and operative technical note. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 36 consecutive @entity1 (16 - pediatrics, 20 - adult @entity1 ) of complex CVJ: Complete/partial occipitalized C1 vertebra; at least one hypoplastic ( @entity6350 ) articular mass, rotational component, and variations in the third part of VA were included in this study. Preoperative detail computed tomography (CT) CT CVJ with three-dimensional reconstruction was done for the assessment of CVJ anatomy and facet joint orientation. The accuracy of novel technique was assessed with postoperative CT to evaluate cortical breach in between 5(th) and 7(th) postoperative day in all the @entity1 . All @entity1 were underwent clinico-radiological evaluation at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Totally 144 screws were placed using K and D technique (pediatric group - 64 screws, adult @entity1 - 80 screws). Total of 12 screws were placed in C1 lateral mass in both age group without any @entity532 . Sixteen C2 pedicle screws and 12 C2 pars screw in pediatrics and 18 C2 pedicle screws in adult @entity1 were placed without any bony breach or @entity1317 . Out of thirty subaxial lateral mass screws in pediatric group, the bony breach was encountered with one screw (3.3%). Total of 38 C2 pars screws was placed in adult group in which bony breach along with @entity1317 was encounter with 1screw (2.6%). CONCLUSION: A simple technique of K and D for placing a screw increases the accuracy and spectrum of bony purchase and has the potential to reduce the complication in @entity1 with @entity154 .

title: Knock and XXXX Technique: A Simple Tips for the @entity154 without using Fluoroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['complex CVJ anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['bony and vertebral artery (VA) anomalies']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['bony cortical breach and complication']

answer: @entity16834 :: (9568,Species) :: ['Drill']


abstract: This is a 1-year prospective study to investigate the prognostic value of coping strategies such as catastrophising for persistent @entity158 after a @entity7125 . A consecutive series of 96 @entity1 who were seen in the emergency room in the acute phase after the injury were followed prospectively for 1 year. Age, gender and whether or not @entity158 in the neck preceded the accident was recorded. Cases involving @entity174 or @entity3029 of the cervical spine, head @entity130 or pre-existing @entity16 were not included. The mean interval between the accident and the initial examination was 3+/-2(S.D.) days. Coping was measured using the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). The outcome parameter was self-reported @entity4048 at 1 year after the motor vehicle accident. At 1 year, 34% of the @entity1 had @entity4048 . @entity1 developed @entity4048 more often than @entity1 (71% versus 29%); they also had significantly higher coping activity, such as diverting attention, praying or hoping (p<0.05), catastrophising and increasing behavioural activities (p<0.0001). @entity1 reported @entity158 in the neck or shoulder more often before the accident and this was the only statistically significant predictor of chronic symptoms when analysed by logistic regression (odds ratio 4.5). To conclude, we found no evidence that the different coping patterns during the early phase after a @entity7125 influenced the prognosis.

title: Early coping strategies do not influence the prognosis after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'chronic neck pain']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash injuries']


abstract: Smoking cessation is one of the most powerful preventive interventions available to primary care providers. Rates of @entity286 treatment delivery in primary care settings, however, remain sub-optimal. This paper reports on rationale, design, and protocol for a matched-paired, cluster-randomized controlled trial to compare the incremental effectiveness of performance @entity15285 on physician delivery of smoking cessation assistance when delivered as part of a practice-level intervention for smoking cessation (the Ottawa Model for Smoking Cessation; OMSC). Outcome measures included frequency of provider smoking cessation treatment delivery, @entity1 quit attempts, and 7-day point prevalence abstinence measured at 6months, and changes in provider attitudes and beliefs related to smoking cessation treatment delivery. Primary care clinics were randomly assigned, using a matched paired design, to one of two treatment conditions: OMSC Group or OMSC+Performance Coaching Group. All practices were supported with implementing the OMSC. Half of the practices also received a 1.5hour, skills-based, @entity15285 session to address barriers encountered in the delivery of smoking cessation treatments and individualized performance feedback reports. All providers, and a cross sectional sample of @entity1 from their practices, were surveyed before and after the implementation of the intervention. Multi-level modeling was used to compare intervention groups. If shown to be effective, the study will lead to an improved understanding of how to best assist clinicians to enhance the delivery of smoking cessation practice and will provide evidence to guide the design of smoking cessation interventions in primary care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01603524.

title: Effectiveness of performance XXXX for enhancing rates of smoking cessation treatment delivery by primary care providers: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity15285 :: (MESH:C536430,Disease) :: ['coaching']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity3947 due to undiagnosed @entity174 has a high incidence in India compared to western countries. We evaluated the demographics, injury pattern, hospital reporting and referral pattern of undiagnosed @entity174 complicating @entity1348 in northern India. METHODS: We did a retrospective analysis by retrieving medical records of @entity1 with post-traumatic @entity1348 reporting to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences between 1July 2012 and 30June 2013. RESULTS: Of 90 @entity1 with post-traumatic @entity1348 , 74 (82.2%) resided in rural areas. Sixty-three (70%) @entity1 were from the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand. Only 8.8% had higher education and 10% had an annual income of more than  2 lakh. In 69 (84.4%) @entity1 , fall was the aetiological factor. Primary health centres (42%) and private clinics (20.5%) received the major share of @entity1 immediately following injury. Few @entity1 (19.3%) had some radiographic examination done and only 17% were referred by the primary healthcare provider. Of those referred only 3 were examined by a dental practitioner. Only 10% of all were diagnosed with @entity174 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1348 presenting to us have poor literacy and income levels. A missed diagnosis of @entity174 by rural healthcare providers contributes to its high incidence in India. Improving awareness of clinicians and improved rural healthcare infrastructure can help prevent this complication.

title: Undiagnosed mandibular XXXX causing @entity1348 : A problem in northern India.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['condylar fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ ankylosis', 'Temporomandibular joint', 'TMJ']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['condylar fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The aim of our work was to replicate, in a Southern European population, the association reported in Northern populations between @entity1195 locus and response to anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor (anti- @entity310 ) treatment in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). We also looked at associations between five @entity309 risk alleles and treatment response. Methods. We evaluated associations between anti- @entity310 treatment responses assessed by DAS28 change and by EULAR response at six months in 383 Portuguese @entity1 . Univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. In a second step to confirm our findings, we pooled our population with 265 Spanish @entity1 . Results. No association was found between @entity1195 @entity63377 allele and anti- @entity310 treatment response, neither in Portuguese modeling for several clinical variables nor in the overall population combining Portuguese and Spanish @entity1 . The minor allele for @entity309 susceptibility, @entity63378 SNP in @entity32025 /C5 region, was associated with a poor response in linear and logistic univariate and multivariate regression analyses. No association was observed with the other allellic variants. Results were confirmed in the pooled analysis. Conclusion. This study did not replicate the association between @entity1195 and the response to anti- @entity310 treatment in our Southern European population. We found that @entity32025 /C5 risk @entity309 variants potentially influence anti- @entity310 treatment response.

title: @entity32025 /C5 but Not XXXX Variants Are Potential Predictors of @entity309 Response to Anti- @entity5 Necrosis Factor Therapy.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1195 :: (5788,Gene) :: ['PTPRC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Military orthopaedic surgeons have published a substantial amount of original research based on our care of combat-wounded service members and related studies during the @entity22473 in Iraq and Afghanistan. However, to our knowledge, the influence of this body of work has not been evaluated bibliometrically, and doing so is important to determine the modern impact of combat casualty research in the wider medical community. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We sought to identify the 20 most commonly cited works from military surgeons published during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts and analyze them to answer the following questions: (1) What were the subject areas of these 20 articles and what was the 2013 Impact Factor of each journal that published them? (2) How many citations did they receive and what were the characteristics of the journals that cited them? (3) Do the citation analysis results obtained from Google Scholar mirror the results obtained from Thompson-Reuters' Web of Science? METHODS: We searched the Web of Science Citation Index Expanded for relevant original research performed by US military orthopaedic surgeons related to Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom between 2001 and 2014. Articles citing these studies were reviewed using both Web of Science and Google Scholar data. The 20 most cited articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified and analyzed by content domain, frequency of citation, and sources in which they were cited. RESULTS: Nine of these studies examined the epidemiology and outcome of @entity130 . Six studies dealt with wound management, wound dehiscence, and formation of @entity2736 . Five studies examined @entity166 . The median number of citations garnered by these 20 articles was 41 (range, 28-264) in Web of Science. Other research citing these studies has appeared in 279 different journals, covering 26 different medical and surgical subspecialties, from authors in 31 different countries. Google Scholar contained 97% of the Web of Science citations, but also had 31 duplicate entries and 29 citations with defective links. CONCLUSIONS: Modern combat casualty research by military orthopaedic surgeons is widely cited by researchers in a diverse range of subspecialties and geographic locales. This suggests that the military continues to be a source of innovation that is broadly applicable to civilian medical and surgical practice and should encourage expansion of military-civilian collaboration to maximize the utility of the knowledge gained in the treatment of war @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study.

title: Analysis of Orthopaedic Research Produced During the XXXX in Iraq and Afghanistan.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'combat injury']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications of combat trauma']

answer: @entity22473 :: (7453,Gene) :: ['Wars']


abstract: We present an eleven-year-old female @entity1 who was referred to us with silvery hair, @entity828 , @entity1398 - @entity882 , @entity7893 and @entity62 , with a family history of a female sibling dying at the age of five and two living male cousins, ages 10 and 11. She had been followed up for her @entity1503 the last three years and had totally recovered from a hemiplegic episode before admission. The family was of Arabic origin, and a second-degree consanguinity was reported between the parents. Microscopic analysis of her hair shafts revealed irregularly distributed small and large clumps of melanin, and skin biopsy findings were consistent with partial @entity4068 . Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy did not detect any evidence of hemophagocytosis. Genetic analysis identified a homozygous two-base-pair deletion ( @entity63079 leading to @entity63080 ) in the @entity14910 gene of the @entity1 . She suffered from febrile neutropenic episodes. Her persistent @entity1503 could not be corrected with immunoglobulin, thrombocyte infusions, or a short course of growth factor treatment. Splenectomy was planned due to her progressive @entity1283 . She was also considered for bone marrow transplantation. She unfortunately died from an @entity932 . Her clinical presentation was remarkable, mostly resembling partial @entity4068 immunodeficiency/ @entity63081 due to her older age and absence of hemophagocytosis, but with molecular findings confirming @entity44557 .

title: XXXX without hemophagocytosis in an eleven-year-old @entity1 : expanding the phenotypic spectrum of @entity14910 mutations in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['splenic enlargement']

entities_list: @entity63080 :: ('p|SUB|S|18|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S18X']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity44557 :: ('MESH:C537301', 'Disease') :: ['Griscelli syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63081 :: ('MESH:C573722', 'Disease') :: ['Elejalde syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity63079 :: ('c|DEL|51|CT', 'DNAMutation') :: ['51 del CT']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative white matter disease']

answer: @entity44557 :: (MESH:C537301,Disease) :: ['Griscelli syndrome']


abstract: Eccentric contractions that provide spring energy can also cause @entity121 . The aim of this study was to explore leg and vertical @entity2693 following @entity121 induced by an eccentric exercise protocol. Twenty active males completed 60 minutes of backward-walking on a treadmill at 0.67  m/s and a gradient of -  8.5   to induce @entity121 . Tests were performed immediately before; immediately post; and 24, 48, and 168 hours post eccentric exercise. Tests included running at 3.35  m/s and hopping at 2.2  Hz using single- and double-legged actions. Leg and vertical @entity2693 were measured from kinetic and kinematic data, and electromyography (EMG) of five muscles of the preferred limb were recorded during hopping. Increases in @entity158 scores (over 37%) occurred post-exercise and 24 and 48 hours later (p  <  0.001). A 7% decrease in maximal @entity2472 occurred immediately post-exercise (p  =  0.019). Changes in knee kinematics during single-legged hopping were observed 168 hours post (p  <  0.05). No significant changes were observed in EMG, @entity908 kinase activity, leg, or vertical @entity2693 . Results indicate that knee mechanics may be altered to maintain consistent levels of leg and vertical @entity2693 when eccentric exercise-induced @entity121 is present in the lower legs.

title: Musculoskeletal XXXX during hopping and running does not change following downhill backwards walking.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity2693 :: (MESH:C566112,Disease) :: ['stiffness']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether radiofrequency (RF)-based plasma microtenotomy (microdebridement) was effective for treating @entity924 . METHODS: The institutional ethics committee approved the study design, and all @entity1 signed informed consent forms. @entity1 (age range, 30 to 70 years) were considered for enrollment if 6 months of active conservative treatment had failed and they had Neer stage II @entity5818 , positive radiographic evidence of @entity1605 , and magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound evidence of supraspinatus @entity924 . @entity1 (N = 60) were randomly assigned to undergo arthroscopic subacromial decompression or RF-based plasma microtenotomy. For microtenotomy, a bipolar RF-based probe (TOPAZ; ArthroCare, Austin, TX) was used to perform microdebridement in the supraspinatus tendon; @entity1 did not undergo acromioplasty. Outcomes evaluation consisted of self-reported @entity158 via a visual analog scale, as well as functional assessment (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] survey, Constant score, and University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] questionnaire). Statistical analyses were performed by use of factorial dependent-measures analysis of variance tests. RESULTS: Age and baseline scores on the visual analog scale (mean +/- SD) were 52.0 +/- 6.7 and 53.2 +/- 6.6 years and 8.4 +/- 0.9 and 8.2 +/- 0.8 points in the microtenotomy and arthroscopic subacromial decompression groups, respectively. A significant reduction in @entity158 (P < .001) and improved function (P < .001 for all measures) were observed in both groups postoperatively. Both treatment groups had almost identical longitudinal recovery profiles for @entity158 relief (P = .416) and restoration of function (P = .964 for ASES score, P = .978 for Constant score, and P = .794 for UCLA score). At 1 year, the median @entity158 score was 1.0, and all @entity1 had ASES, Constant, and UCLA scores of greater than 90, greater than 80, and greater than 30, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both procedures were associated with significant improvement postoperatively, but the RF-based plasma microtenotomy procedure draws into question the need for a more extensive procedure such as subacromial decompression in this @entity1 population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, therapeutic randomized controlled study.

title: Radiofrequency-based plasma microtenotomy compared with arthroscopic subacromial decompression yields equivalent outcomes for rotator cuff XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['type II acromion']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['chronic supraspinatus tendinosis', 'tendinosis']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['impingement syndrome']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and morbidity of balloon catheter dilation for treatment of partial acquired @entity1448 in adults with @entity9467 . METHODS: We performed balloon dacryocystoplasty prospectively on a series of 15 partial nasolacrimal duct obstructions in 13 adults with @entity9467 . @entity3885 was diagnosed by a negative Jones-1 test and canalicular irrigation revealing simultaneous reflux through the opposing punctum and drainage into the nose. Balloon dacryocystoplasty was performed under local anesthesia using an antegrade insertion technique. @entity1346 intubation of the nasolacrimal system was performed immediately after balloon catheter dilation, and the tubes were removed 2 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Success was measured objectively and subjectively at follow-up examinations 2 months and 6 months after the procedure. At 2 months, 11 (73%) of 15 obstructions were open on irrigation, with subjective success (Munk, grade 0 or grade 1) reported in 13 (87%) of 15 obstructions. At 6 months, 11 (73%) of 15 obstructions were open on irrigation, with subjective success (Munk, grade 0 or grade 1) reported in 9 (60%) of 15 obstructions. CONCLUSIONS: Balloon dacryocystoplasty may be a satisfactory primary treatment for adults with acquired partial @entity1448 who exhibit no clinical signs of @entity281 . Additional long-term observations following balloon dacryocystoplasty are required.

title: Balloon catheter dilation for treatment of adults with partial XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['Partial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['nasolacrimal duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['nasolacrimal duct obstruction']


abstract: Bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are early precursors of mature endothelial cells which replenish aging and damaged endothelial cells. The authors studied a @entity6 @entity1707 model to determine if induction of @entity3918 adversely affects either bone marrow or circulating EPCs and whether a @entity2453 reductase inhibitor (statin) improves development and recruitment of EPCs in the absence of @entity165 lowering. @entity3839 was administered to Yorkshire @entity1707 to induce @entity3918 . One month after induction, @entity6 @entity1707 were treated with @entity2993 ( @entity1780 , n = 10), @entity3709 (n = 10) or untreated (n = 10) and evaluated for number of bone marrow and circulating EPCs and femoral artery endothelial function. There was no effect of either medication on @entity165 level. One month after induction of @entity3918 prior to administration of drugs, the number of bone marrow and circulating EPCs significantly decreased (P < 0.0001) compared to baseline. Three months after @entity3918 induction, the mean proportion of circulating EPCs significantly increased in the @entity2993 group, but not in the control or @entity3709 groups. The control group showed progressive reduction in percentage of flow mediated vasodilatation (no dilatation at 3 months) whereas the @entity2993 group and @entity3709 exhibited vasodilatation, 6% and 4% respectively. @entity3918 results in significant impairment of bone marrow and circulating EPCs as well as endothelial function. The effect is ameliorated, in part, by @entity2993 independent of its @entity165 lowering effect. These data suggest a model wherein accelerated @entity731 seen with @entity3918 may, in part, result from reduction in EPCs which may be ameliorated by treatment with a statin.

title: @entity6 reduces bone marrow and circulating porcine endothelial progenitor cells, an effect ameliorated by @entity2993 and independent of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity409 are accompanied by changes in splanchnic and systemic circulation. These changes are characterised by a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and an @entity5691 at rest. An increased release of @entity842 (NO) has been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of vasodilatation and @entity455 . This study was designed to determine the @entity842 metabolism measured as circulating @entity1507 levels in serum/urine in @entity1 with chronic @entity409 and @entity82 . The @entity1507 concentrations were significantly increased in advanced degrees in @entity82 @entity1 B and C, and normal or even reduced in @entity1 with @entity3619 and @entity82 . In our study the connections between the extent of @entity101 and @entity1507 levels were evident. The presence of ascites as well as the the progression of oesophageal varices were associated with higher circulating @entity1507 levels. The connection between increased @entity842 production and the haemodynamic sequelae of @entity101 is also apparent in the significant correlation between plasma @entity916 and serum @entity1507 levels. Circulating @entity1507 levels also correlated to the serum @entity650 levels. This study demonstrated that the increased @entity842 metabolism is associated with the haemodynamic alterations induced by @entity101 .

title: Elevated @entity842 levels in @entity1 with chronic XXXX and @entity82 correlate with disease stage and parameters of hyperdynamic circulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular hypocontractility']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['early cirrhosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic liver diseases', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features and the outcome in @entity1 with pure and mixed type uterine @entity1377 (UPSC), and to compare these parameters with those observed in @entity1 with moderately and poorly differentiated @entity1204 (MPD-EEC). METHODS: The charts of 34 @entity1 with UPSC and 30 @entity1 with MPD-EEC, operated on between January 1995 and December 2000, were retrospectively reviewed. The UPSC group included ten cases of pure and 24 cases of mixed type UPSC (admixed with endometrioid component). All @entity1 had undergone full surgical staging. Clinical features, surgicopathological findings, recurrence rate and recurrence-free interval were compared between the study groups. RESULTS: Significantly more @entity1 with MPD-EEC than with UPSC were operated on in FIGO stage I and II (p = 0.001). MPD-EEC @entity1 were significantly older and more @entity28 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively) as compared with the UPSC @entity1 . Significantly more @entity1 with MPD-EEC presented with @entity548 (p = 0.02), had a second @entity5 in the past (p = 0.03) and had a first degree relative with history of @entity5 (p = 0.0001). Conversely, the rates of positive abdominal cytology and cervical involvement were significantly higher in the group of UPSC (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). Significantly more @entity1 with UPSC were treated with adjuvant therapy (p = 0.01). No significant difference between the two study groups was observed comparing the recurrence rate, the recurrence free interval and the 3-year survival. There was also no significant difference between the pure and the mixed type UPSC, considering the clinical features and the follow-up data. CONCLUSION: The current study presented no significant difference in the outcome of MPD-EEC as compared with the pure and the mixed type UPSC, yet prospective studies are needed to evaluate the role of adjuvant therapy in each study group.

title: Uterine XXXX (pure and mixed type) compared with moderately and poorly differentiated endometrioid carcinoma. A clinicopathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'primary cancer']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']


abstract: The spindle cell variant of @entity980 ( @entity980 ) is uncommon and is most often encountered in the paratesticular region of @entity1 in whom it has a good prognosis. Only isolated cases in adulthood have been described. Sixteen cases of spindle cell @entity980 occurring in adults were retrieved from our files. Eleven @entity1 were male and 5 were female. @entity1 age ranged from 18 to 79 years (median, 32 years). @entity5 size varied from 1.5 to 35 cm (median, 6 cm). The head and neck region, including the oral cavity, parotid gland, nasopharynx, and nasal cavity, was the commonest affected area, accounting for >50% of the cases, followed by retroperitoneum, thigh, leg, subscapular area, hand, vulva, and paratesticular region (1 case each). Follow-up was available in 12 cases, ranging from 1 to 102 months (median, 16.5 months). Treatment modalities included surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Two @entity1 died of uncontrolled @entity66 13 and 27 months after diagnosis; 4 were alive without disease at 12, 17, 24, and 102 months, including 1 @entity1 with @entity3 to 10 of 50 pelvic lymph nodes at presentation; 3 are alive with localized disease at 16, 17, and 19 months; and 1 was followed for 6 months and showed persistent @entity66 . One @entity1 is alive at 10 months after diagnosis with evidence of @entity3 to bone, lungs, and breast. All the @entity5 showed long fascicles of spindle cells with elongated, vesicular nuclei and pale indistinct cytoplasm. Scattered spindled or polygonal rhabdomyoblasts with abundant brightly eosinophilic cytoplasm were present in all cases. In 3 cases, focal areas showed pseudovascular, sclerosing features. There were no round cell or pleomorphic areas. Positive immunohistochemical results were as follows: desmin (15 of 15 cases), @entity33451 (12 of 12), fast myosin (7 of 9), myoglobin (2 of 3), HHF-35 (9 of 9), and @entity4574 (11 of 14). One @entity5 was focally positive for keratins and @entity10208 . All @entity5 were negative for caldesmon, @entity2281 protein, and @entity538 . Spindle cell @entity980 is a rare @entity5 in adults and appears to have distinct clinicopathologic features when compared with cases occurring in the pediatric population. Specifically, it appears to be most common in the head and neck region, and although only limited follow-up is available so far, these lesions appear to have a more aggressive clinical course in adults.

title: Spindle cell XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: Animal models of @entity96 are limited by the time required for the development of hepatic metastases. The authors administered vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity6667 ) to stimulate @entity5 growth in a model of hepatic @entity3 . METHODS:: A 0.5 to 1.0 mm Walker-256 @entity5 tissue was implanted into the livers of 45 @entity35 , randomly assigned to 3 equal groups to receive daily injections (0.1 mL), for 1 week, of either normal saline (control group), 20 mg/L @entity6667 ( @entity6667 -20 group) or 40 mg/L @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ). @entity5 growth was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging after 3, 7 and 14 days, and overall survival was recorded. RESULTS:: Three days after implantation, no @entity5 were detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the control group. In contrast, @entity5 were observed in 50% of @entity35 in the @entity6667 -20 group and 66.7% of @entity35 in the @entity6667 (P < 0.05). By day 7, @entity5 were detected in 92.8% of @entity35 in the @entity6667 -20 group, 86.7% of @entity35 in the @entity6667 , but only 21.4% of @entity35 in the control group (P < 0.05). @entity5 size increased progressively, reaching 1.81    0.08, 2.51    0.12 and 2.67    0.10 cm in the control, @entity6667 -20 and @entity6667 -40 groups, respectively, 14 days after implantation of @entity5 tissue. Median survival times were significantly shorter in the @entity6667 (15 days) than in the control and @entity6667 -20 groups (27 and 25, respectively) (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:: Daily @entity6667 injection (20 mg/L, 1 week) accelerates tumorigenesis without compromising survival, potentially extending the period in which experiments can be conducted in this model.

title: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Accelerates Establishment of a Model of Hepatic Metastasis in Walker-256 @entity5 -Bearing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['secondary liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor', 'carcinosarcoma tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Smoking among teens and college students is a significant public health challenge. @entity286 , @entity835 , and @entity167 continue to be the most commonly abused drugs by teens and young adults. Educational efforts have resulted in increased awareness of the mortality and morbidity attributed to smoking, second-hand smoke, and prenatal exposure to @entity286 . Short- and long-term consequences of @entity835 use are well documented in the literature, but they have received less wide spread attention. Even less well known is the relationship between these substances. Does use of one lead to use of the other? Are there synergistic and/or antagonistic effects when these substances are used together? We need answers to these questions to understand the prevalence of use and the impact of these drugs on our nations youth and young adults. The gateway theory of drug use is often used to describe the progression from using @entity167 or @entity286 , to @entity835 , and later use of other drugs like @entity14842 , @entity2072 , and @entity4521 . While @entity286 use does commonly precede @entity835 use, we propose that @entity835 may be a "gateway drug" to @entity286 smoking. Our research with university students is suggesting that cigarette-smoking initiation often follows or coincides with @entity835 .

title: Marijuana and XXXX : a major connection?

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['marijuana']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Accurate objective measurement of sleep, an important health behavior, is needed. Individuals with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have altered sleep architecture and @entity25 in comparison with healthy controls. The aim of this investigation was to compare a commonly used actigraphy device, Actiwatch2, with polysomnography (PSG)-based measures of sleep in young adults with @entity6 , and to determine which Actiwatch2 threshold setting provides the best correspondence. METHODS: Subjects age 18-30 y with @entity6 wore the Actiwatch2 while simultaneously undergoing in-laboratory PSG. Sleep parameters were derived from the Actiwatch2 using the three different sensitivity thresholds (low, medium, and high) provided by the manufacturer and compared with @entity25 from PSG. Statistical analysis included intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots for @entity25 . Cohen kappa and the prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) were calculated to determine agreement between epoch-by-epoch sleep and wake data measured by the PSG versus Actiwatch2. RESULTS: Twenty-seven subjects were included in the analysis. The low threshold setting provided the greatest agreement and least bias in comparison with PSG for @entity25 (intraclass correlation coefficient range 0.38 to 0.77). Mean differences between the low setting and PSG were nonsignificant (p > 0.65) for all @entity25 except sleep onset latency (p = 0.04). All three settings provided approximately equivalent and moderate epoch-by-epoch agreement with the PSG (PABAK coefficients ranging from 0.56 to 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: When measuring sleep with the Actiwatch2 in young adults with @entity6 , the low threshold setting provides the most accurate estimates of @entity25 in comparison with PSG.

title: Validity of Actigraphy in Measurement of Sleep in Young Adults with Type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['reduced sleep quality', 'comparison of sleep parameters', 'sleep parameters']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: AIM: Delayed help-seeking can have serious consequences for young @entity1 with first-episode @entity716 (FEP), in terms of treatment response and outcome. Young @entity1 's narratives about help-seeking are important to understand why delays occur; however, as the majority of help-seeking is initiated by family members, through a general practitioner (GP), family narratives are also of interest. The aim of this study was to explore help-seeking for FEP, including first contact with a GP. METHOD: A semistructured interview was developed using a topic guide. Framework analysis was used to analyse data and a deductive qualitative method for applied research. The study was set in Birmingham, UK. @entity1 were interviewed separately by researchers. Joint coding and identification of 14 complete family dyads was then explored for emerging patterns within the family context. RESULTS: Family responses to FEP that had an impact on help-seeking behaviour included withdrawal, normalization, stigma, fear and guilt; poor knowledge of availability, and means of access to mental health services was also important. Help-seeking was usually instigated by a family member through a GP, although this was not the case for two of our families, and while contact with GP was generally described as a positive experience for several families, it was hindered by poor communication and lack of engagement. CONCLUSION: Families play a key role in facilitating help-seeking for FEP, but attempts are often derailed by complex family responses to illness. Public mental health interventions should focus on increasing community awareness of @entity716 and improving access and alternative routes to mental health services. However, improvements will have little impact unless primary care and other help-seeking sources engage in open and easy dialogue with the families and young @entity1 trying to access their specialist services.

title: Seeking help for first-episode XXXX : a family narrative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']