abstract: BACKGROUND: Modification of left @entity4494 (GP) is a promising technique for the treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) but its therapeutic efficacy is not established. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of anatomic GP modification by means of an implantable @entity943 monitoring device. METHODS: In 56 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 , radiofrequency ablation at anatomic sites, where the main clusters of GP have been identified in the left atrium, was performed. In all @entity1 , an electrocardiogram monitor (Reveal XT, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) was implanted before (n = 7) or immediately after (n = 49) @entity955 ablation. RESULTS: Average duration of the procedure was 142    18 min and average fluoroscopy time 20    7 min. In total, 53-81 applications of RF energy were delivered (mean of 18.2    3.8 at each of the four areas of GP ablation). Heart rate variability was assessed in 31 @entity1 . Standard deviation of RR intervals over the entire analyzed period, the root mean square of differences between successive RR intervals, and high frequencies decreased, while HRmin, HRmean, and LF to HF ratio increased immediately postablation; these values returned to baseline 6 months after the procedure. At end of 12-month follow-up, 40 (71%) @entity1 were free of @entity943 recurrence. Ten @entity1 had @entity955 recurrence, two @entity1 had left @entity956 , and four @entity1 had episodes of @entity5069 as well as @entity955 recurrence. Duration of episodes of @entity955 after ablation gradually decreased over the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Regional ablation at the anatomic sites of the left atrial GP can be safely performed and enables maintenance of sinus rhythm in 71% of @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 for a 12-month period.

title: Left atrial ablation at the anatomic areas of ganglionated plexi for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['atrial ganglionated plexi']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Here, the authors describe a case of @entity7468 with @entity2527 cells of the chest cavity-which could be a distinctive form of @entity704 -which expressed @entity5893 and @entity1195 . To the authors' knowledge, there has been no previous report on this subject. A 62-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity158 in the left back associated with coughing and @entity1353 for more than 2 months prior to referral to the hospital. Palliative resection of a @entity5 was performed. During the operation, it was found that the mass occupied most of the chest invading the chest wall, aorta, vena cava, and lung tissue. The @entity1 soon died from @entity2412 in spite of anti-infection treatment. The @entity5 was composed of large areas of @entity39 and anaplastic neoplastic giant cells with high mitotic activity, and osteoclast-like cells; there was marked @entity32 . The anaplastic neoplastic giant cells were immunoreactive for CKpan, @entity5893 , @entity1195 , @entity2277 , and @entity876 . Approximately 50% to 60% of the @entity5 cells showed immunoreactivity for Ki-67. In situ hybridization for @entity9653 -encoded RNA was negative for @entity5 cells and nonneoplastic @entity2527 cells. Because this @entity5 is very rare, extensive clinical, radiological, and morphological examinations as well as immunohistochemical studies are essential to make the diagnosis.

title: @entity7468 with XXXX cells of the chest cavity: a distinctive form of @entity704 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['giant-cell anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mediastinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Species') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus']

entities_list: @entity2527 :: ('MESH:D001862', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclastic giant']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['continuous pain']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

answer: @entity2527 :: (MESH:D001862,Disease) :: ['osteoclastic giant']


abstract: Notes were reviewed for 68 @entity1 with @entity867 diagnosed at Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand between 1978 and 1988. Mean age was 30 years (range one week to 74 years). There were 48 @entity1 and 40% were Maori or Pacific Island Polynesians. Seventy-two per cent of @entity1 had @entity10 , 54% had @entity221 and 72% had lateralizing neurological signs. Thirty-one per cent of abscesses were associated with @entity281 (otic, sinus, dental). Forty-four per cent were in the frontal lobe. Two abscesses were sterile; 197 bacterial isolates were cultured from the remainder. Fifty-four per cent contained obligate anaerobes, which were the only isolates in 22%. Streptococcus anginosus was the single most common isolate present in 22% of the abscesses. @entity115 plus @entity868 provided cover for approximately 95% of the total isolates on the basis of sensitivity testing. Treatment was with surgery and antibiotics in all but three @entity1 , who were cured with antibiotics alone. Sixty per cent had a definitive regimen of @entity114 (or @entity869 / @entity115 ) and/or @entity868 , always intravenous initially but subsequently often orally. Median duration of antibiotic treatment was 57 days (range 28 to 206). Seventy-five per cent had initial aspiration, 9% open drainage and 7% were excised initially. Seventy-one per cent had a good functional outcome. Mortality was 8.8%. Factors associated with a poor outcome were @entity130 as a cause, and delays after admission of more than seven days to diagnosis and/or operation.

title: XXXX in the computed tomography era: A 10-year experience from Auckland, New Zealand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxycillin', 'amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['contiguous infection']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['Brain abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dar es Salaam has an extensive drain network, mostly with inadequate water flow, blocked by waste, causing flooding after rainfall. The presence of Anopheles and Culex larvae is common, which is likely to impact the transmission of @entity3754 and @entity311 by the resulting adult mosquito populations. However, the importance of drains as larval habitats remains unknown. METHODOLOGY: Data on mosquito larval habitats routinely collected by the Urban Malaria Control Program (UMCP) and a special drain survey conducted in 2006 were used to obtain a typology of habitats. Focusing on drains, logistic regression was used to evaluate potential factors impacting the presence of mosquito larvae. Spatial variation in the proportion of habitats that contained larvae was assessed through the local Moran's I indicator of spatial association. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: More than 70% of larval habitats in Dar es Salaam were @entity1 -made. Aquatic habitats associated with agriculture had the highest proportion of Anopheles larvae presence and the second highest of Culex larvae presence. However, the majority of aquatic habitats were drains (42%), and therefore, 43% (1,364/3,149) of all culicine and 33% (320/976) of all anopheline positive habitats were drains. Compared with drains where water was flowing at normal velocity, the odds of finding Anopheles and Culex larvae were 8.8 and 6.3 (p<0.001) times larger, respectively, in drains with stagnant water. There was a positive association between vegetation and the presence of mosquito larvae (p<0.001). The proportion of habitats with mosquito larvae was spatially correlated. CONCLUSION: Restoring and maintaining drains in Dar es Salaam has the potential to eliminate more than 40% of all potential mosquito larval habitats that are currently treated with larvicides by the UMCP. The importance of @entity1 -made larval habitats for both @entity3754 and @entity311 vectors underscores the need for a synergy between on-going control efforts of those diseases.

title: The importance of drains for the larval development of @entity3754 and XXXX vectors in Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: @entity420 of the gastrointestinal tract have generally been considered to be radioresistant. In 1974-1975, following an early lead from the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN), the @entity1820 Study Group initiated a series of clinical trials of radiation therapy and chemotherapy as surgical adjuvant programs for @entity1 with @entity788 and for the treatment of locally unresectable gastric and pancreatic @entity420 . The first protocols for @entity788 included a controlled trial of radiation therapy and chemotherapy following pancreatoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy and also a randomized trial of high-dose radiation therapy, with or without chemotherapy, compared to a lower dose of radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy for @entity1 with locally unresectable @entity5 . In the treatment of locally incurable @entity356 , radiation therapy plus chemotherapy was compared to chemotherapy alone, while the rectal trial was a randomized comparison of radiation therapy; chemotherapy; the combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy; and no further treatment following surgical extirpation. In all cases, the agent used during the course of radiation was @entity1487 . Subsequent trials in @entity788 compared radiation combined with either @entity1487 or @entity632 and included a pilot study of hyperfractionated radiation therapy combined with @entity1487 . Confirmatory trials were undertaken and are still under analysis in @entity356 and in @entity5 . A follow-up trial in @entity788 was developed to establish the importance of the radiation therapy component of combined modality therapy in the treatment of @entity1 with locally unresectable disease. A final study examined the potential for radiation therapy of the liver and systemic chemotherapy in the prevention of metastatic @entity694 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: An organized multi-institutional interdisciplinary evaluation of role of radiation therapy alone or combined with chemotherapy in treatment of XXXX of the gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and rectal cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal Tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms determining the success or failure of refeeding therapy in malnourished elderly @entity1 with @entity32 by studying changes in plasma @entity442 , @entity9045 ( @entity9045 ) and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) levels and @entity2301 proteolysis. DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 15 severely malnourished hospitalized elderly @entity1 . Weight, food intake, plasma albumin, transthyretin, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), orosomucoid, @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity442 , intact and proteolytically degraded @entity2301 and @entity9045 levels were determined on admission and during refeeding therapy designed to increase food intake to 40 kcal/kg body weight per day (15% protein). RESULTS: Plasma @entity442 , @entity2301 and @entity9045 levels were significantly low for age on admission in all malnourished elderly @entity1 . They increased in nine @entity1 as nutritional status improved (albuminemia >30 g/l; transthyretinemia >200 mg/l or weight gain >5% of initial body weight) and levels of @entity32 markers decreased (group 1). In contrast, plasma @entity442 , @entity2301 and @entity9045 levels remained low in six @entity1 in whom nutritional status failed to improve and levels of @entity32 markers increased (group 2). @entity442 showed greater variations than @entity2301 or @entity9045 with respect to nutritional status. High plasma @entity1851 and @entity650 levels were associated with high levels of @entity2301 proteolysis. CONCLUSION: Efficient refeeding therapy was associated with a significant increase in @entity442 plasma levels. In @entity1 with severe and persistent @entity32 , high levels of proteolysis of @entity2301 may have contributed to the low plasma @entity442 levels, persistence of @entity11744 and lack of improvement in nutritional status.

title: @entity442 , @entity442 -binding proteins and @entity9045 in malnourished elderly @entity1 with XXXX receiving refeeding therapy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity11744 :: ('MESH:C565476', 'Disease') :: ['hypercatabolism']

entities_list: @entity9045 :: ('2690', 'Gene') :: ['GH-binding protein', 'GHBP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The modulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been shown to prevent @entity741 -reperfusion injury (MIRI). Carotid baroreceptor stimulation modulates the ANS by sympathetic withdrawal and vagal activation. The aim of this study was to assess whether low-level carotid baroreceptor stimulation (LL-CBS) attenuated MIRI and test its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Forty adult healthy mongrel @entity235 were randomly assigned to three groups as follows: (1) I/R group (n   =   15): left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded for 1  h and allowed for 1  h reperfusion; (2) LL-CBS group (n   =   15): I/R plus LL-CBS; and (3) sham group (n   =   10): sham surgery without stimulation. The voltage-reducing blood pressure by 5  % was defined as the threshold. LL-CBS was performed at a voltage that is 80  % below the threshold. @entity1188 size was assessed with Evans blue and TTC staining. The inflammatory cytokines, biomarker of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and @entity22602 ( @entity22602 ) expression were measured to assess the injury. RESULTS: The number of @entity1165 / @entity2224 (VT/VF) episodes was significantly decreased in the LL-CBS group compared with the I/R group (2.8        0.8 vs. 7.0        2.6, P   <   0.05). LL-CBS reduced @entity5 @entity39 factor a, interleukin (IL)-1, @entity7259 , and @entity1234 levels but increased @entity224 dismutase level compared with the I/R group (P   <   0.05). Meanwhile, LL-CBS significantly decreased the percentage of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling assay (TUNEL)-positive cardiomyocytes (20        8 vs. 47        12, P   <   0.05). Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in @entity22602 revealed that LL-CBS caused an increase, respectively, compared with the I/R group (0.75        0.3 vs. 0.3        0.2 and 1.0        0.3 vs. 0.4        0.1, respectively, both P   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LL-CBS exerted cardioprotective effects during ischemic reperfusion period potentially by inhibiting @entity32 , oxidative stress, and apoptosis and modulating the @entity22602 expression.

title: Cardioprotective effects of low-level carotid baroreceptor stimulation against @entity741 -reperfusion injury in XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: AIM: The aims of this study were to make an inventory of the disease in Ireland, to acquire better knowledge of the relationship between genetic makeup and phenotypic ocular presentation and, finally, through literature review and personal experience, to establish clear guidelines on best practice in the management of @entity1 with this rare condition both in terms of screening and follow-up. METHODS: All @entity1 who attended the dermatology and genetic clinic in Our Lady's Hospital for Sick @entity1 , Crumlin, with @entity7173 ( @entity7173 ) were contacted and invited to attend the eye clinic for ocular assessment. @entity1 who were already attending the ophthalmic services before commencement of the study had their charts reviewed for assessment. RESULTS: 11 of 19 @entity1 agreed to attend the clinic for ocular assessment. Of these @entity1 , nine had genetic testing. The mean age of the @entity1 at the examination was 8 years (3 months to 29 years). In 10 @entity1 , @entity7173 was the result of a spontaneous mutation, whereas the condition was inherited from an affected mother in one @entity1 . Of the 11 @entity1 with @entity7173 , 5 have visually significant ocular findings (47%). We describe the case history of four of these @entity1 briefly to outline the severity of this condition. CONCLUSION: Our @entity1 had a significant percentage of @entity735 (47%). We have outlined an examination schedule for @entity1 with and without retinal pathology and recommend @entity941 angiography in @entity1 with retinal pathology to fully determine the extent of ischaemia. Like other studies, early treatment with peripheral retinal photocoagulation to reduce the risk of @entity1713 is recommended in this study.

title: XXXX of a series of cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity7173 :: ('MESH:D007184', 'Disease') :: ['incontinentia pigmenti', 'IP']

answer: @entity7173 :: (MESH:D007184,Disease) :: ['Incontinentia pigmenti--ophthalmological observation']


abstract: @entity14886 -specified polypeptides can be separated into three size classes: large (lambda), medium (mu), and small (sigma), similar to those of the @entity1 reoviruses. A nomenclature has been proposed to indicate the individual polypeptides within each size class by progressive alphabetical subscripts. Three lambda polypeptides (lambda(A), lambda(B), and lambda(C)) are found in infectious viral particles and have molecular weights of 145,000, 130,000, and 115,000, respectively. All are present in core preparations, and two (lambda(A) and lambda(B)) appear to be exposed at the surface of the virion. Two mu polypeptides can be distinguished in purified virus (mu(A), 72,000 daltons; mu(B), 70,000 daltons), and another is occasionally evident by immunoprecipitation from infected-cell extracts (mu(NS)). mu(B) represents the major outer capsid protein and is structurally homologous to mu(1C) of the @entity1 reoviruses. No additional mu proteins can be detected, and there is no evidence for a product-precursor relationship among these proteins. Three major sigma proteins are evident in viral particles. sigma(C) has the lowest molecular weight, is part of the outer capsid of the virion, and appears homologous to the @entity1 sigma(1) protein. Interestingly, it demonstrates the greatest polymorphism of all the polypeptides among the different avian reoviruses examined. sigma(B) (36,000 daltons) is a major constituent of the outer capsid and, like sigma(C), is exposed to the surface of the virion. sigma(A) (39,000 daltons) appears to be an internal protein. An additional polypeptide band in the sigma class having an apparent molecular weight of 34,000 to 35,000 can be seen under three different conditions: (i) in some S1133 reovirus preparations, particularly after prolonged storage, a new band (sigma(B')) appears with a reduction in intensity of sigma(B), suggesting that sigma(B') is a degradation product of sigma(B); (ii) in polypeptides immunoprecipitated from infected-cell extracts, a major band (sigma(NS)) is apparent migrating just ahead of sigma(B); (iii) in top component preparations from all avian reoviruses examined, a band (sigma(TC)) with mobility identical to that of sigma(NS) represents a major constitutent and appears to be incorporated within the particle itself. The relationship among these three bands is not currently known. @entity14886 polypeptides are thus in general similar to those found in @entity1 reoviruses, but differences do exist which may be important for understanding viral structure and assembly.

title: XXXX polypeptides: analysis of intracellular virus-specified products, virions, top component, and cores.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity14886 :: ('38170', 'Species') :: ['Avian reovirus']

answer: @entity14886 :: (38170,Species) :: ['Avian reovirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic resection of Bismuth @entity201 . BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic resection of @entity201 is uncommon. METHOD: Fourteen cases of Bismuth @entity201 were selected for laparoscopic resection. Eight cases involved local resection and 6 cases included partial hepatectomy. RESULTS: The mean operating time and @entity190 were 305 min and 386 ml, respectively. The R0 resection rate was 100 and 60% in @entity1 with type I and II lesions, respectively. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 9 days and 19 days in @entity1 with @entity5 , respectively. In-hospital mortality and morbidity were 0 and 35.7% (5 of 14 @entity1 ), respectively. @entity1157 occurred in 1 of 7 (14.3%) and 3 of 5 (60%) @entity1 with @entity5 , respectively. Port-site metastases were found in 2 cases of @entity5 . The survival rate during a 20-month follow-up period was 85.7% (12 of 14 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic resection is a potential alternative to open surgery for appropriately selected @entity1 with Bismuth type I @entity201 . Due to the lower R0 resection and more complications, the value of laparoscopic resection for @entity1 with @entity5 needs further evaluation.

title: Laparoscopic resection of Bismuth XXXX : an audit of 14 cases from two institutions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type II tumor', 'type I and II tumors', 'type II tumors', 'type I and II tumor']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Bile leakage']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'type I and II hilar cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['type I and II hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: We report the MR studies of the cervical cord in seven @entity1 presenting juvenile @entity2057 of @entity2045 . This illness, also known as monomelic amyotrophy or benign focal amyotrophy, is distinct from the other motor @entity528 . Seen in young males, it is characterized by @entity2057 of the hand, and usually of the forearm, most often unilateral. The underlying process, of unknown origin, affects the anterior horn cells in the lower cervical cord. The gradual onset of purely motor disturbances may mimic early amyotrophic @entity4681 . This latter diagnosis may be excluded because of clinical stabilization and lack of pyramidal tract involvement. In our series, five MR studies were positive. In three cases we were able to demonstrate focal and unilateral @entity194 in the lower cervical cord limited to the anterior horn region. Morphologic MR findings correlated with clinical and electromyographic features. In two other cases the MR-clinical correlation was more complex. No pathologic MR signal was detected on either T1- or T2-weighted images. Although the diagnosis of monomelic @entity2057 is based on neurologic and neurophysiologic data, MR provides confirmatory evidence as well as useful information contributing to an understanding of this disease.

title: MR Imaging of the cervical cord in juvenile amyotrophy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['distal upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron diseases']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['distal upper extremity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of @entity5322 , @entity5396 , and @entity1262 polymorphisms on @entity8124 disposition and clinical outcome. METHODS: Fifty-four Italian @entity1 diagnosed with probable mild to moderate @entity195 , treated with @entity8124 (37 @entity1 5 mg/day, 17 @entity1 10 mg/day) were genotyped for @entity5322 (*1B, *3, and *4), @entity5396 (*2, *3, and *6) and @entity1262 ( @entity7658 , @entity18596 , and @entity7656 ) polymorphisms. All @entity1 were evaluated for the degree of @entity73 with Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) screening test at baseline (before treatment) and after at least 3 months of @entity8124 treatment at stable dose, when the drug plasma levels were measured. RESULTS: Three @entity1 carried one detrimental @entity5322 allelic variant, and 12 carried one functional @entity5396 *1 allele. No statistically significant association was found between @entity5322 or @entity5396 genotypes and plasma @entity8124 concentrations, or between genotypes and clinical response (as measured by change in MMSE score). Nine @entity1262 haplotypes were observed, the most common being 1236C/2677G/3435C (46%) and 1236T/2677T/3435T (41%). @entity1 homozygous for the T/T/T haplotype had slightly though not significantly lower plasma @entity8124 concentration-to-dose ratios than those carrying other genotypes [median (95% CI) 0.18 (0.13-0.45) vs. 0.31 (0.30-0.44) mg/l/mg/kg, respectively]. These @entity1 also showed a slightly better clinical response (as measured by change in MMSE score) than the other genotype groups [median (95% CI) 0 (-1.3 to 3.3) vs. -1.0 (-2.1 to 0.0), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the @entity5322 and @entity5396 polymorphisms are unlikely to influence @entity8124 metabolism and/or clinical outcome. On the other hand, the @entity1262 polymorphisms may play a role in @entity8124 disposition and clinical outcome.

title: Do @entity5322 and XXXX genotypes influence the plasma concentration and clinical outcome of @entity8124 treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['ABCB1']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated an association between renal cortical @entity844 composition and experimental models of @entity8 . The present study was designed to extend these observations to the remnant kidney and to investigate the hypothesis that @entity101 of @entity1426 metabolites results in the depletion of progenitor @entity1718 . Remnant kidney cortex demonstrated a relative reduction of the essential @entity1718 , @entity4722 and @entity3899 (20 +/- 7.2% and 11 +/- 0.3%, respectively), nine weeks after subtotal nephrectomy. In addition, the @entity8981 , @entity3952 , was increased (48 +/- 10.6%) while its saturated progenitor, stearate, was decreased (13 +/- 4.3%). Serial evaluation of dienoic prostanoids revealed a significant increase in the @entity8 in @entity35 with remnant kidneys (27 +/- 3.0, 29 +/- 1.1, and 34 +/- 3.3 ng/day vs. 21 +/- 0.8, 20 +/- 1.5, and 22 +/- 3.3 ng/day in control @entity35 , at 3, 6, and 9 weeks, respectively). Moreover, TXB2 excretion inversely correlated with dienoic progenitor @entity1718 [18:2(n-6), r2 = 0.76; 20:4(n-6), r2 = 0.79], suggesting that these events are biochemically coupled. Endogenous turnover of precursor @entity1718 , confirmed by an increase in renal TXB2 excretion, preceded overt depletion of essential @entity1718 by several weeks. Importantly, blockade of endogenous synthesis of TXA2 with the specific TXA2 synthase antagonist, @entity19343 , restored the essential @entity844 composition to normal and ameliorated progressive @entity8 . Moreover, the ancillary @entity844 disturbances were attenuated by administration of U-63557A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Acquired essential XXXX depletion in the remnant kidney: amelioration with U-63557A.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal excretion of TXB2', 'glomerular destruction', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased endogenous turnover']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity8981 :: ('CHEBI:25413', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleate']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Past traumatic events have been associated with poorer clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity162 . However, the impact of these events in the early stages of the illness remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether prior traumatic events were related to poorer outcomes 12 months following a first @entity2749 of @entity716 . METHODS: Traumatic events were retrospectively evaluated from @entity1 files in a sample of 65 @entity1 who had experienced first @entity2749 @entity716 . @entity1 were aged between 15 and 28 years and were treated at a specialised early @entity716 service. Clinical outcomes were measured by a variety of symptomatic and functioning scales at the 12-month time-point. RESULTS: Direct-personal traumatic experiences prior to the onset of @entity716 were reported by 48% of the sample. @entity1 with @entity1314 had significantly higher symptoms of @entity162 (p=0.02), @entity308 (p=0.03) and psychopathology (p=0.01) 12 months following their first @entity2749 compared to @entity1 without @entity1314 , with medium to large effects observed. After adjusting for baseline scores, differences in global functioning (as measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning scale) were non-significant (p=0.05); however, @entity1 with @entity1314 had significantly poorer social and occupational functioning (p=0.04) at the 12-month assessment with medium effect. CONCLUSIONS: Past @entity1314 may predict poorer symptomatic and functional outcomes after first @entity2749 @entity716 . Limitations include that the findings represent individuals treated at a specialist early intervention centre for youth and the retrospective assessment of traumatic events may have been underestimated.

title: The impact of past direct-personal traumatic events on 12-month outcome in first XXXX @entity716 : Trauma and early @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic mania', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['past direct-personal trauma', 'direct-personal trauma']

answer: @entity2749 :: (MESH:C580065,Disease) :: ['episode']


abstract: Metastatic @entity79 was evaluated in 380 consecutive @entity1 at the time of first @entity3 of @entity0 . Studies included radiographic examination, radionuclide examination, and bone marrow biopsy. Radiographs of the skeleton demonstrated metastases in 120 @entity1 (32%), and in 40 of these @entity1 (13%) the bone was the only site of metastases. The diagnostic efficiency was 82% for bone scanning, 80% for @entity158 evaluation, 59% for s- @entity460 analyses, and 77% for s-alkaline phosphatase analyses. Bone scanning is an effective method to exclude metastatic @entity79 (sensitivity: 96%). A positive scan, however, requires radiologic confirmation (specificity: 66%). Bone scanning of the skeleton should be the initial staging procedure in all @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 with no clinical or biochemical signs of bone metastases. Bilateral posterior iliac crest bone @entity236 and bone biopsies were positive in 82 out of the 320 @entity1 who underwent biopsy. The frequency of positive bone marrow biopsy was significantly correlated with both the site of radiographic metastases and with the total number of involved bone regions. Routine bone marrow biopsies are indicated in @entity1 with a positive bone scan, but a negative x-ray examination. In these cases biopsies should be performed bilaterally.

title: Clinical and radiologic characteristics of bone metastases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow aspirations']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 854 Background: Pregnancy-associated @entity0 is defined as @entity0 diagnosed either during pregnancy or one year post partum. Pregnancy may delay diagnosis and/or therapy and potentially worsen outcomes. METHODS: We evaluated the presentation and survival outcomes of 47 consecutive @entity1 presenting with @entity0 during or <1 year after pregnancy at our institution between 1990 and 2001 and compared them to age- and stage-matched @entity1 drawn from a national data base. One @entity1 with cystocsarcoma phylloides and another with a @entity765 are not included in this analysis. Data were collected for @entity2802 staging, ER/PR status, type of treatments, and survival. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 were white, and 24 (51%) were diagnosed while pregnant; 23 (49%) were diagnosed within 1 year of parturition. Their mean age was 33.2 years (median=33). At presentation, 80% (n=36) had clinical/pathological stage 0-II @entity5 ; 3 presented with @entity3 . Axillary lymph nodes were negative in 19 (42%) and positive in 58%. Family history of @entity0 was positive in 29 (67.4%). ER was positive in 10 @entity1 (25.6%), and PR was positive in 17 (43.6%). Primary therapy included breast conservation and radiation (n=26, 56.5%), modified radical mastectomy (n=18, 39.1%), or none (n=2, 4.3%). Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 38 (84.4%); 7 of these (15.2%) had preoperative chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 39 months, 30 @entity1 are alive (63.8%), and 17 have died (36.2%); 26 @entity1 (55.3%) are alive with no evidence of disease and 4 are alive with disease. Using the proportional hazards model, age was not significantly associated with survival (p=0.92). Five-year survival was also compared to the NCI SEER data controlling for age and stage. Although the number of subjects in our series is small, 5-year survival proportions among @entity1 in the SEER database were not significantly different for @entity1 with pregnancy-associated @entity0 (p=0.39). CONCLUSION: After controlling for age and stage, pregnancy does not appear to adversely affect the outcome of treatment for @entity0 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Survival outcomes of XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A total of 107 @entity1 with cutaneous @entity320 had parotidectomies performed by one surgeon over a 6-year period. Twenty-five parotidectomies were therapeutic and 82 were elective. All elective and 18 therapeutic operations entailed superficial lobectomy, and there were 4 total and 3 subtotal therapeutic operations. The facial nerve was completely preserved in 97 operations, partially sacrificed in 8, and totally sacrificed in 2. Neck dissection accompanied all but 1 parotidectomy. The most common @entity260 was @entity2103 . A total of 33 of 82 @entity1 had lower lip weakness between 6 months and 5 years after elective parotidectomy. Lymph nodes were pathologically positive in the parotid gland in 27 @entity1 and in the neck in 15 @entity1 . Ten @entity1 had both parotid and neck metastases. Among @entity1 with positive @entity320 in the parotid gland who were observed for at least 1 year, 16 received adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy (550 cGy x 5 fractions) and 9 did not. Parotid recurrences developed in 1/16 irradiated and 4/9 nonirradiated @entity1 but this difference was not significant. Overall @entity320 -specific survival at 5 years was 64%, with nodal involvement in the neck or parotid gland significantly worsening prognosis (40% survival at 5 years). The roles of elective lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy are now being examined in prospective randomized clinical trials.

title: Evaluation of 107 therapeutic and elective parotidectomies for cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Sex @entity230 are essential for spermatogenesis; however, normal intratesticular concentrations of these hormones in @entity1 have not been extensively studied. To improve our understanding of intratesticular hormone concentrations, we performed bilateral testicular aspirations in a group of normal @entity1 , determined sex @entity134 concentrations within each testis, and compared these levels to serum hormone concentrations. Ten healthy @entity1 subjects aged 20-49 underwent bilateral testicular aspirations. Intratesticular hormone concentrations of @entity251 , @entity586 ( @entity587 ), and @entity53 were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Intratesticular @entity251 concentrations ranged from 119 to 1251 ng/mL, with a mean of 635 +/- 368 ng/mL. Intratesticular @entity53 ranged from 0.41 to 3.9 ng/mL, with a mean of 2.4 +/- 1.3 ng/mL. Intratesticular @entity587 ranged from 1.1 to 7.9 ng/mL, with a mean of 3.5 +/- 3.2 ng/mL. Intratesticular @entity251 and @entity53 concentrations correlated highly with serum luteinizing hormone (LH; r = 0.87 and r = 0.70 respectively, P < .01). Intratesticular @entity251 correlated highly with serum @entity251 . Moreover, a significant correlation between the right and left testes was observed for @entity251 (r = 0.82, P = .003), but not for @entity53 or @entity587 . Intratesticular hormone concentrations can be safely assessed by testicular aspiration. Intratesticular @entity251 and @entity53 correlate highly with serum LH concentrations, and variation in serum LH accounts for most of the variation in intratesticular @entity251 among @entity1 . In addition, intratesticular @entity251 is highly correlated between testes in a given individual. Direct measurement of intratesticular @entity251 will improve our understanding of the relationship between intratesticular sex @entity230 and spermatogenesis, and may have implications for the development of male hormonal contraception.

title: Serum LH correlates highly with intratesticular @entity134 levels in normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The antisynthetase syndrome is a systemic inflammatory disease associated with anti-tRNA synthetase antibodies and consisting of the clinical features of @entity625 , @entity401 ( @entity401 ), @entity221 , @entity2407 , and @entity1910 . It rarely presents with symmetric @entity625 as the initial manifestation of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiographic characteristics of patients with antisynthetase syndrome who presented with symptoms of @entity625 , mimicking @entity309 ( @entity309 ) at the time of initial evaluation. METHODS: Six cases derived from a single university-based rheumatology clinic in Wisconsin are presented. The major clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and histopathologic data are described. RESULTS: All 6 @entity1 demonstrated symmetric @entity603 involving the hands. Five @entity1 met the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for @entity309 . Three @entity1 had nail-fold @entity854 , and 4 @entity1 were observed to have @entity2407 . Three @entity1 demonstrated a cytoplasmic pattern when testing for antinuclear antibodies by immunofluorescent assay, and all had t-RNA synthetase antibodies. Two @entity1 had positive @entity309 factors, but none had strongly positive cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. None of the @entity1 demonstrated radiographic erosions. All @entity1 had evidence of @entity401 by imaging or pulmonary function testing. Prognosis was generally favorable, although disease severity and treatment varied considerably. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 who present with features mimicking but atypical for @entity309 , such as @entity401 , nail-fold @entity854 , @entity2407 , cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody pattern, negative cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status, and nonerosive @entity625 , the antisynthetase syndrome should be considered.

title: Antisynthetase syndrome presenting as @entity309 -like XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis', 'inflammatory myopathy arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ['Raynaud phenomenon', 'Raynaud syndrome']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['capillary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'early ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['polyarthritis']


abstract: Cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal responses to a reproducible @entity1032 test were investigated in eight healthy young @entity1 before and during intravenous infusion of the @entity842 (NO) synthesis inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ). Before @entity7293 , stress responses included significant increases in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and cardiac output (CO) and decreases in systemic and forearm vascular resistance. Arterial plasma @entity1063 (NE) increased. At rest after 30 min of infusion of @entity7293 (0.3 mg.kg(-1).min(-1) iv), mean arterial pressure increased from 98 +/- 4 to 108 +/- 3 mmHg (P <0.001) because of an increase in systemic vascular resistance from 12.9 +/- 0.5 to 18.5 +/- 0.9 units (P <0.001). CO decreased from 7.7 +/- 0.4 to 5.9 +/- 0.3 l/min (P <0.01). Arterial plasma NE decreased from 2.08 +/- 0.16 to 1.47 +/- 0.14 nmol/l. Repeated @entity1032 during continued infusion of @entity7293 (0.15 mg.kg(-1).min(-1)) induced qualitatively similar cardiovascular responses, but there was a marked attenuation of the increase in mean arterial blood pressure, resulting in similar "steady-state" blood pressures during @entity1032 without and with NO blockade. Increases in heart rate and CO were attenuated, but stress-induced decreases in systemic and forearm vascular resistance were essentially unchanged. Arterial plasma NE increased less than during the first stress test. Thus the increased arterial tone at rest during @entity7293 infusion is compensated for by attenuated increases in blood pressure during @entity1032 , mainly through a markedly attenuated CO response and suppressed sympathetic nerve activity.

title: Hemodynamic and sympathoadrenal responses to @entity1032 during XXXX synthesis inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental stress']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'N-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: It has been proposed that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) loses its cardioprotective ability through oxidative modifications by reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and promote @entity731 . However, the pro-atherogenic pathways undergone by oxidized HDL remain poorly understood. Since monocytes play a crucial role in @entity731 , this study was aimed to investigate the influence of both native and oxidized HDL (oxHDL) on monocytes-macrophages functions relevant to @entity731 . HDL particles were isolated from @entity1 blood samples by ultracentrifugation and subjected to in vitro oxidation with @entity12239 . The extent of oxidation was quantitated by measurement of lipid @entity2627 . @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured under standard conditions. Cells were treated with native and oxHDL at varying concentrations for different time intervals and used for several analyses. Intracellular ROS production was assessed based on ROS-mediated DCFH fluorescence of the cells. The release of @entity310 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was quantitated using ELISA kit and gelatine zymography, respectively. Treatment of cells with oxidized HDL enhanced the production of ROS in a concentration-dependent way, while native HDL had no such effect. Further, the release of @entity310 , @entity1495 , and @entity1476 was found to be remarkably higher in cells incubated with oxHDL than that of native HDL. Results demonstrate that oxidative modification of HDL induces pro-inflammatory response and oxidative stress in @entity1 monocytes-macrophages.

title: Oxidatively modified high density lipoprotein promotes inflammatory response in @entity1 monocytes-macrophages by enhanced production of ROS, @entity310 , XXXX , and @entity1476 .

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['MMP-9']


abstract: Slice preparations of the developing @entity35 cerebellum were used to investigate the light and electron microscopic correlates of reversible and irreversible @entity528 caused by the @entity2359 excitatory @entity535 receptor agonists, @entity4176 and @entity1024 . The slices were examined after various periods of exposure to the agonists (up to 30 min) with or without a 90 min recovery period in agonist-free medium. @entity1024 (100 microM) caused @entity39 of deep nuclear neurons and differentiating granule cells, the exposure times necessary to induce non-recoverable damage (leading to @entity39 ), being, respectively, 10 min and 20-30 min. Exposure periods of only 2-4 min with @entity4176 (100 microM) were needed for Golgi cells to subsequently undergo @entity39 . Other cell types (Purkinje, granule and deep nuclear neurons) were altered histologically by @entity4176 but most recovered fully from 30 min exposures. Before the recovery period, the worst affected of these cells (deep nuclear neurons) displayed increased cytoplasmic and nuclear electron density and microvacuolation due to swelling of Golgi cisterns but little or no chromatin clumping or mitochondrial expansion. The neurons which were injured irreversibly by the agonists within 30 min displayed, near the time of @entity130 , increased cytoplasmic and nuclear electron lucency, marked focal aggregation of chromatin and swelling of Golgi apparatus. Mitochondrial swelling did not appear to precede @entity130 and even after exposure times sufficient, or more than sufficient, to lead to @entity39 , large numbers of mitochondria remained in a condensed configuration. The significance of the histological changes is discussed and they are compared with those occurring in other pathological conditions. The time scales required for the receptor agonists to induce irreversible cellular lesions would be consistent with this being a process which is responsible for @entity7592 in the brain.

title: Reversible and irreversible @entity528 caused by excitatory XXXX analogues in @entity35 cerebellar slices.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate', 'N-Methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['lethal injury']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['acute neuronal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The diagnosis of @entity3069 @entity358 (MAC- @entity1726 ) is sometimes complicated and time-consuming. A serodiagnostic kit that measures the serum levels of IgA antibodies against the glycopeptidolipid (GPL) core is commercially available and has good diagnostic accuracy for MAC- @entity1726 . However, the significance of measurement of GPL core IgA antibody levels in monitoring for chemotherapy response in @entity1 with MAC- @entity1726 was not well investigated.Thirty-four treatment na  ve MAC- @entity1726 @entity1 who were started on multidrug chemotherapy were enrolled. Their antibody levels were prospectively measured at regular intervals. The relationships between their antibody levels and the therapeutic outcomes were examined. The @entity1 were classified into three groups (conversion, recurrence, and non-conversion) based on the bacteriological outcomes after chemotherapy.There were no significant differences in the antibody levels before treatment between the culture conversion (n = 19), recurrence (n = 7), and non-conversion group (n = 8) (p = 0.9881). The levels decreased significantly after the chemotherapy (p < 0.0001). Recurrence and/or worsening of chest radiography findings were observed in cases whose antibody levels subsequently increased after cessation of the chemotherapy. No significant difference in the percent decrease in antibody levels by the chemotherapy was observed between the culture conversion and recurrence groups (p = 0.9338).The initial antibody levels are not a predictor of therapeutic outcomes, and also the percent decrease in antibody levels is not a sufficient indicator of the cessation of chemotherapy. However, serial measurements of antibody levels may allow objective monitoring of disease activity in individual MAC- @entity1726 @entity1 .

title: Antibody levels against glycopeptidolipid core as a marker for monitoring treatment response in @entity3069 XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['complex pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['complex pulmonary disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study cycle control, side effects, and satisfaction of low dose 24-day combined contraceptive containing 20 microg of @entity2082 and 3 mg of @entity4863 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was an open label, non-comparative study. The healthy females from the family planning clinic at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital were assigned to receive six cycles of combined oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of @entity2082 and 3 mg of @entity4863 administered daily for 24 days followed by 4-day hormone-free interval. Data were collected on cycle control, side effects, and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for descriptive data and Paired t test for comparison. RESULTS: One hundred fifty four @entity1 were assigned the study medication, including one (0.64%) who did not start medication. In the second reference period, the occurrence of frequent and infrequent @entity548 was low (2.1% and 4.9%). Only one @entity1 (0.65%) discontinued medication because of @entity548 . There was no pregnancy reported during the present study. Overall, the study medication was well tolerated and five subjects (3.24%) discontinued study because of side effects. No serious side effects related to the study medication were reported. The majority of @entity1 (84.2%) were satisfied and very satisfied with the treatment and most (73.3%) would continue the medication if it were available. CONCLUSION: The low dose combined contraceptive containing @entity2082 / @entity4863 (24/4 regimen) has acceptable cycle control and good tolerability.

title: A study of cycle control, side effects and client's satisfaction of a low dose combined contraceptive containing @entity2082 / XXXX (24/4 regimen).

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethinylestradiol', 'ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['Drospirenone', 'drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['irregular bleeding', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity4863 :: (MESH:C035144,Chemical) :: ['drospirenone']


abstract: @entity379 ( @entity379 ) induces many effector functions in macrophages, presumably through binding to cell surface receptors. Such receptors have been documented in @entity19 macrophages. This report demonstrates that @entity379 interacts with a specific receptor on @entity1 monocytes and monocyte-like cell lines, U937 and HL60. Recombinant @entity379 ( @entity3692 ) was radioiodinated by using Bolton-Hunter reagent to high specific activity. 125I- @entity3692 bound in a specific and saturable manner. Saturation of binding sites occurred at 10(-9) M (300 U/ml); there were 4000 specific binding sites per cell for both monocytes and the cell lines. Purified lymphocyte-derived @entity379 as well as @entity3692 competed for binding sites with 125I- @entity3692 . There was no inhibition of binding of the 125I- @entity3692 by rIFN-alpha or @entity17129 . The forward rate constant, k1, at 4 degrees C was about 8 X 10(5) M-1 @entity8639 for each cell type studied. In the presence of excess ligand, the dissociation rate constant, k-1, was about 2 X 10(-4) @entity8639 . The Ka calculated from these constants (4 X 10(9) M-1) agreed closely with that calculated from experiments performed at equilibrium (8 X 10(9) M-1). Because the dissociation of @entity3692 from cells was enhanced in the presence of ligand, interactions between binding sites of a negative cooperative type could be operative. These studies demonstrate that @entity3692 binds in a specific and saturable manner and with high affinity to a receptor on @entity1 monocytes as well as monocyte-like cell lines.

title: The characteristics of binding of @entity1 recombinant @entity379 to its receptor on @entity1 monocytes and XXXX monocyte-like cell lines.

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity7638 and CD20 antigens are important therapeutic targets for the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) alemtuzumab and rituximab respectively. Circulating @entity7638 (cCD52) and CD20 (cCD20) have prognostic utility in @entity706 . The efficacy of mAb therapy in @entity1 with @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) may be adversely affected by cCD52 or cCD20. In this report, blood and bone marrow (BM) cCD52 and cCD20 were measured at response assessment in previously treated (N = 235) @entity1 with @entity6444 who received @entity3118 , @entity786 , and rituximab (FCR). Univariate and multivariate statistical models evaluated correlations of pre- and response variables with progression-free (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Response variables included 1996 National @entity5 Institute-Working Group (NCI-WG) response, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity7639 ( @entity7639 ) in BM, and cCD52 and cCD20 levels (blood and BM) at response assessment. Using multivariate analysis, response blood and BM cCD52, blood cCD20, and NCI-WG response were significant independent predictors of PFS. At the time of response assessment, BM cCD52 correlated with @entity1349 in univariate analysis. cCD52 and cCD20, therefore appear useful in predicting survival and may be important for monitoring @entity1 following salvage FCR ( @entity3118 , @entity786 , rituximab) therapy. These data further indicate that plasma may be a good target to evaluate for minimal residual disease using cCD52/cCD20 levels.

title: Circulating XXXX and CD20 levels at end of treatment predict for progression and survival in @entity1 with @entity6444 treated with @entity3118 , @entity786 and rituximab (FCR).

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia', 'CLL']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain', 'IGHV']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity7638 :: (1043,Gene) :: ['CD52']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the efficacy of an elemental formula (EF) to a polymeric formula (PF) in inducing remission for pediatric @entity30 ( @entity30 ). METHODS: Newly diagnosed @entity30 @entity1 were randomized to EF or PF for 6 weeks. Change in the @entity11618 Activity Index (PCDAI), fecal calprotectin, and plasma @entity1718 were measured at 0 and 6 weeks. @entity1 were followed up for 2 years. Time and treatment choice for first relapse were documented. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 completed the study; EF: 15 (7 M, 8 F), PF: 19 (13 M, 6 F). The mean age was (years) EF: 12.6, PF: 11.7. Ninety-three percent of @entity1 (14/15) achieved remission in the EF group and 79% (15/19) in the PF group. One-third of @entity1 maintained remission for 2 years. Mean time to relapse (days); EF: 183 (63-286), PF: 162 (53-301). Most @entity1 who relapsed used feed as a treatment for that relapse ( @entity11619 ). With PF, an increase of @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) and @entity7461 was found with a reciprocal decrease in @entity1426 (AA). With EF, AA and @entity8393 levels were reduced with a significant decrease in @entity4600 . Fecal calprotectin measurements decreased significantly but did not normalize at the end of week 6. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference between EF and PF in inducing remission. One-third of @entity1 maintained remission. Changes in plasma @entity5204 status were subtle and may be relevant; however, further evaluation is recommended.

title: Enteral feeding therapy for newly diagnosed pediatric XXXX : a double-blind randomized controlled trial with two years follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity11618 :: ('MESH:C536215', 'Disease') :: ["Pediatric Crohn's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiation therapy is often an integral part of postoperative treatment in @entity1 with nonfunctional @entity977 . The Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) experience was reviewed and analyzed to establish the role of radiation therapy in local control relative to its complications, and to see if subgroups of @entity1 with a greater or lesser risk of recurrence postsurgery can be defined. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Records of 160 @entity1 with nonfunctional @entity977 treated between 1972 and 1986 were reviewed retrospectively. The review focused on 128 @entity1 treated with surgery and postoperative radiation as initial therapy. The median total dose was 45 Gy. @entity5 control was defined as lack of progression or recurrence of @entity652 as assessed clinically and by imaging studies. The following factors were analyzed for prognostic significance in @entity5 control: age, sex, direction of @entity5 extension, radiation dose, and @entity5 size as reflected by the radiation field size. Complications including @entity4614 and second @entity5 were analyzed. @entity4614 was defined as requirement for permanent hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up duration of 8.3 years, the 10-year actuarial local control rate was 87% for the entire 160 @entity1 and 91% for the 128 @entity1 given postoperative radiation as initial treatment. For the 29 @entity1 referred for treatment of recurrent @entity5 , the 10-year local control rate was 78%. Prognostic factors for local control identified in univariate analysis included age (p = 0.005) and radiation field size (p = 0.0001). Older @entity1 and those with @entity5 requiring large radiation portals were less likely to achieve durable local control. These two factors remained significant in a multivariate analysis (p < 0.005). The @entity532 , @entity4614 requiring hormonal replacement with @entity1955 , glucocorticoid, and sex hormone was observed to date in 65% (100 out of 155), 68% (105 out of 154), and 67% (85 out of 127) of evaluable @entity1 , respectively. Radiation was the contributing cause of the @entity4614 in only 23%, 16%, and 13%, respectively. There were no cases of @entity39 or radiation damage to the optic pathways. Two @entity1 developed a fatal in-field @entity13 at 10 and 15 years following radiation. CONCLUSION: Postoperative external beam radiation therapy is highly effective in preventing recurrence of hormonally inactive @entity977 . @entity4614 is commonly observed, but radiation can only be incriminated as the contributing cause in approximately one-fifth of the cases. Treatment of @entity1 at the time of recurrence gave comparable local control rates to those irradiated initially. Favorable @entity1 (age < or = 50, with small @entity5 removed totally) probably can be safely observed postoperatively with radiation reserved for recurrence.

title: Radiation therapy for XXXX : treatment outcome and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['glioma of the brain stem']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['brain necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative tumor', 'tumor', 'larger tumors', 'local tumor', 'Local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['major complication']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism', 'Hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: Using murine monoclonal antibodies to mark total T cells, we have found rapid migration of T cells into the CSF in progressive @entity15 @entity1 , suggesting that the ongoing inflammatory responses in the CNS may depend on the continued movement of cells from the periphery into the target organ. Cloning experiments have indicated that the T cells present in the CSF during viral and post-viral @entity1651 represent sequestered populations of antigen-specific cells. In more @entity102 processes, these cells may also have restricted clonality as measured by the frequency of different T-cell receptor gene rearrangements on Southern blotting. It is known that there is restricted clonality of the B-cell immunoglobulin response in the CSF compartment with @entity32 , and with infections the majority of these so-called oligoclonal antibodies are directed against the exciting antigen and are synthesized in the CNS. Although we believe that T cells in the CNS originate from the blood, during the course of an inflammatory response the antigen and clonally-restricted populations found in the CSF may represent either selective migration or selective accumulation in the CNS. Selective migration might occur at the endothelial barrier as these cells can express Class II MHC antigens and act as antigen-presenting cells in the CNS (McCarron et al. 1985). Selective accumulation of T cells in the CNS might occur after non-specific migration of cells into the CNS followed by proliferation and expansion of T cells that have been induced by antigens in the brain. Antigen-presenting cells that are present in situ, such as astrocytes, may also play a role in the selective expansion of T cells in the CSF (Fontana et al. 1984). Alternatively, it is possible that T cells are induced to expand in the target CNS tissue non-specifically, e.g., via the CD2 pathway. In this regard, we have observed that CSF T cells exhibit alterations in stimulation by anti-T112 + anti-T113 monoclonal antibodies. The mechanism of damage to CNS tissue by immune cells is essentially unknown. For example there are no clear links between antibodies present in the CNS and CNS damage in @entity8300 where high titers of anti-measles antibodies are present. Whereas we did not observe high frequencies of measles-reactive cells in the CSF of a subject with @entity8300 , we did observe MHC non-restricted cytotoxic T cells which expressed TCR-gamma chains rather than alpha-beta chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: T cells in XXXX and inflammatory central nervous system diseases.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory CNS diseases']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Together with fungi, saprophytic bacteria are central to the decomposition and recycling of biomass in forest environments. The Bacteroidetes phylum is abundant in diverse habitats, and several species have been shown to be able to deconstruct a wide variety of complex @entity3363 . The genus Chitinophaga is often enriched in hotspots of plant and microbial biomass degradation. We present a proteomic assessment of the ability of @entity18240 to grow on and degrade mannan polysaccharides, using an agarose plate-based method of protein collection to minimise contamination with exopolysaccharides and proteins from lysed cells, and to reflect the realistic setting of growth on a solid surface. We show that select Polysaccharide Utilisation Loci (PULs) are expressed in different growth conditions, and identify enzymes that may be involved in mannan degradation. By comparing proteomic and enzymatic profiles, we show evidence for the induced expression of enzymes and PULs in cells grown on mannan polysaccharides compared with cells grown on @entity413 . In addition, we show that the secretion of putative biomass-degrading enzymes during growth on @entity413 comprises a system for nutrient scavenging, which employs constitutively produced enzymes. SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS STUDY: @entity18240 belongs to a bacterial genus which is prominent in microbial communities in agricultural and forest environments, where plant and fungal biomass is intensively degraded. Such degradation is hugely significant in the recycling of @entity505 in the natural environment, and the enzymes responsible are of biotechnological relevance in emerging technologies involving the deconstruction of plant cell wall material. The bacterium has a comparatively large genome, which includes many uncharacterised @entity1735 -active enzymes. We present the first proteomic assessment of the biomass-degrading machinery of this species, focusing on mannan, an abundant plant cell wall hemicellulose. Our findings include the identification of several novel enzymes, which are promising targets for future biochemical characterisation. In addition, the data indicate the expression of specific Polysaccharide Utilisation Loci, induced in the presence of different growth substrates. We also highlight how a constitutive secretion of enzymes which deconstruct microbial biomass likely forms part of a nutrient scavenging process.

title: Proteomic insights into mannan degradation and protein secretion by the forest floor bacterium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity18240 :: ('79329', 'Species') :: ['Chitinophaga pinensis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity18240 :: (79329,Species) :: ['Chitinophaga pinensis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Notch signalling pathway is activated in a variety of @entity5 and has been implicated in @entity14 . One of the first steps in the Notch pathway activation is mediated by y-secretase, a proteolytic enzyme which produces an activated intracellular Notch (ICN). @entity1134 is a selective inhibitor of y-secretase. We tested the activity of @entity1134 in @entity1 with metastatic, refractory @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 who had received at least two prior lines of systemic chemotherapy were enrolled on the study. @entity1 were treated with @entity1134 at its recommended phase II dose of 20mg daily, 3 days on and 4 days off continuously. Cycle length was 28 days. Imaging was performed every two cycles. Archival tissue specimens were stained immunohistochemically for components of the notch pathway: @entity125 , ICN and the downstream target @entity1135 . RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were enrolled of whom 33 were evaluable for @entity137 and response. Immunohistochemical analysis of archival tissues demonstrated positive staining for the notch receptor as well as intracellular notch and the downstream gene @entity1135 in the majority of @entity1 . Nevertheless, no objective radiographic responses were observed in this group and only six @entity1 had stable disease as their best response. Median PFS was 1.8 months and median overall survival (OS) was 6.0 months. CONCLUSION: In this study of @entity1134 in @entity1 with refractory metastatic @entity14 , no radiographic responses were seen and time to progression was short, which suggests that @entity1134 at the study dose and schedule has minimal single agent activity in this malignancy.

title: A phase II study of XXXX in metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer progression']

answer: @entity1134 :: (MESH:C545185,Chemical) :: ['RO4929097']


abstract: There is predominate opinion among physicians managing type 1 @entity1120 ( @entity1120 ) that cardiac involvement is not an issue in these @entity1 . In order to follow this hypothesis, we prospectively investigated 15 adult @entity15675 -treated type 1 @entity1120 @entity1 by echocardiography, Doppler, and tissue Doppler echocardiography. This was a case-controlled study with 18 matched healthy volunteers. The obtained data was correlated with the levels of NT-proBNP (brain natriuretic peptide). None of the @entity1120 @entity1 had clinical signs of @entity299 . In 3 of the 15 @entity1 , we observed echocardiographic signs of @entity7874 . The left ventricular systolic function was within normal limits. Compared to the control group, there was no statistically significant difference observed in the most sensitive indices of left ventricular diastolic function, parameter E(m) (P = .095), and E/E(m) ratio (P = .097), as demonstrated by tissue Doppler echocardiography. However, there was a positive correlation between the E/E(m) ratio and NT-proBNP plasma levels (P = .009). In conclusion, the prospective echocardiographic study of type 1 @entity1120 @entity1 did not validate any left @entity67 . But, the E/E(m) ratio showed a strong statistical correlation with the most sensitive indicators of @entity712 , NT-proBNP. Research on larger groups of @entity1 and the usage of even more sensitive methods as strain-rate imaging will be necessary to confirm eventual @entity296 in @entity1120 @entity1 .

title: Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['aortic and mitral valve calcification']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ["Gauchers' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher's Disease']


abstract: Amyloid b(Ab) peptides are important components of plaques in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). A decrease in the CSF concentration of Ab40 and Ab42 is a potential biomarker for incident @entity195 . In contrast, studies on plasma Ab40 and Ab42 concentrations have yielded contradictory results. To explore the relationship between plasma Ab40 and Ab42 concentrations and @entity195 in @entity1240 individuals with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of plasma Ab and their ratio as a marker for progression to @entity195 . We measured baseline concentrations of Ab40 and Ab42, and their ratio in plasma of @entity1 carefully categorized clinically and neurochemically as having @entity195 or other @entity303 from a cohort of @entity1 with @entity73 (n=588) after 4-6 years of follow-up time. Plasma concentrations of Ab40, Ab42 were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. The association between plasma Ab concentrations and the risk of @entity303 was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Optimal sensitivity and specificity of Ab measurements were determined by ROC curve analysis. Plasma Ab42 concentration and the Ab42/Ab40 ratio at baseline were significantly decreased in the @entity73 @entity1 who developed @entity195 as compared to cognitively stable @entity73 @entity1 . The baseline concentrations of Ab40 were similar in all @entity73 groups. The Ab42/Ab40 ratio was superior to Ab42 concentration with regard to identify incipient @entity195 in @entity73 . The ratio of Ab42 to Ab40 rather than absolute levels of the peptides can aid in the identification of incipient @entity195 among @entity73 @entity1 . A potential role of plasma Ab concentrations as a marker of incipient @entity303 warrants further investigation.

title: The relationship of plasma Ab levels to XXXX in @entity1240 individuals with @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: @entity900 resistance, induced in @entity19 @entity1492 cells (SSK) in vitro or in vivo by low-dose irradiation, can be overcome by activation of the cyclic GMP( @entity6708 )-dependent transduction pathway. This is mediated either by stimulating @entity6708 formation with @entity1854 or by replacing @entity6708 with a selective activator of the @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase, @entity8263 . The @entity1919 -dependent transduction pathway is not involved in @entity900 resistance. Instead, activation of @entity268 sensitises both parental and resistant SSK cells equally to the action of @entity900 . There is a 1.8 to 2.5-fold increase in @entity137 , depending on the activating agent. Enhancement of @entity900 sensitivity is induced by specific inhibition of @entity268 hydrolysis, increase in @entity268 formation or by increasing the activation potential to @entity268 -dependent protein kinase by specific @entity268 analogues. Cells that have lost @entity900 resistance respond to @entity6708 - or @entity268 -elevating agents in the same way as the parental SSK cells. The radiation sensitivity is unchanged in all cell lines, even after activation of @entity268 or @entity6708 . These results suggest that specific DNA repair pathways are altered by radiation but affected only in @entity900 damage repair, which is regulated by @entity6708 . Although there is ample cooperativity and interaction between the @entity268 - and the @entity6708 -dependent transduction pathways, specific substrate binding by @entity6708 appears to play an important role in radiation-induced @entity900 resistance.

title: Reversal of radiation-induced @entity900 resistance in XXXX @entity1492 cells by selective modulation of the cyclic GMP-dependent transduction pathway.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cells which have the unlimited proliferative capacity and extensive differentiation potency can be an attractive source for kidney regeneration therapies. Recent breakthroughs in the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have provided with another potential source for the artificially-generated kidney. The purpose of this study is to know how to differentiate @entity19 @entity2085 and iPS cells into renal lineage. We used iPS cells from @entity19 fibroblasts by transfection of four transcription factors, namely @entity7002 , @entity14231 , c-Myc and @entity2005 . Real-time PCR showed that renal lineage markers were expressed in both @entity2085 and iPS cells after the induction of differentiation. It also showed that a tubular specific marker, KSP progressively increased to day 18, although the differentiation of iPS cells was slower than @entity2085 cells. The results indicated that renal lineage cells can be differentiated from both @entity19 @entity2085 and iPS cells. Several inducing factors were tested whether they influenced on cell differentiation. In @entity2085 cells, both of @entity7515 and @entity17736 enhanced the differentiation to metanephric mesenchyme, and Activin enhanced the differentiation of @entity2085 cells to tubular cells. Activin also enhanced the differentiation of iPS cells to tubular cells, although the enhancement was lower than in @entity2085 cells. @entity2085 and iPS cells have a potential to differentiate to renal lineage cells, and they will be an attractive resource of kidney regeneration therapy. This differentiation is enhanced by Activin in both @entity2085 and iPS cells.

title: Differentiation of XXXX embryonic stem and induced pluripotent stem cells to renal lineage in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'Embryonic stem']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Ninety-six @entity1 with primary @entity43 were treated at Tsukuba University Hospital between 1984 and 1992. For all of these @entity1 except stage IV, surgical treatment including pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy was employed to confirm the clinical stage exactly. Re-staging laparotomy was performed in cases with an incomplete initial operation. In thirty cases the @entity5 were truly confined to the unilateral ovary (stage Ia). In six @entity1 , though the @entity5 appeared to be confined to the unilateral ovary macroscopically at the time of the operation, the stage changed to Ic in one case, IIa in one case and IIIc in 4 cases as found by postoperative confirmation. The most common @entity5 in stage Ia was @entity4347 . In 23 @entity1 with stage Ia, histological grading could be obtained. Twenty-one cases were low potential @entity5 or grade 1, whereas grade 3 was found in only one case. None, except one case diagnosed as stage Ia, has had a recurrence in spite of the absence of adjunct therapy, but one @entity1 with grade 3 @entity4348 died of the disease 10 months after staging laparotomy. In conclusion, even though the @entity5 appears to be confined to one ovary, a staging laparotomy should be conducted in all @entity1 . When the @entity5 is proved to be limited to only one ovary and is also histologically confirmed to be less than grade 3, it is considered that no further treatment is necessary.

title: [Treatment of stage Ia XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in an Italian cohort the incidence of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in pregnancies after assisted reproductive technologies (ART). SETTING: @entity715 and Haemostasis Unit at I.R.C.C.S. 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', S. Giovanni Rotondo. @entity1 : A prospective cohort of 998 @entity1 advised to undergo ART was referred by local fertility clinics from April 2002 to July 2011. Follow-up information was obtained during the check-up and/or by phone interviews. In a cohort of @entity1 who consecutively gave birth (n=3339) after spontaneous conception in our Institution, information on the diagnoses of pregnancy-related @entity1150 was obtained by linkage to a @entity1 administrative register. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We calculated the incidence of @entity1211 and superficial @entity49 in successful ART cycles and compared it with that of the general population conceiving spontaneously. RESULTS: Overall, 684 ART cycles were carried out by 234 @entity1 , who achieved a clinical pregnancy; in case of more than one successful cycle, only the first pregnancy was considered. Three vein @entity715 (two @entity1211 and one @entity715 ) were recorded. An antithrombotic prophylaxis with @entity6971 alone or combined with low-dose @entity117 was prescribed in 23/234 (9.8%) @entity1 . In the reference cohort of 3339 @entity1 , a total of 11 vein @entity715 were observed: six @entity1211 and five SVT. The two-tailed Fisher exact test showed a trend towards statistical significance (p: 0.06, OR: 3.9, 95% CI 0.87 to 15.3). After the exclusion of superficial @entity715 in both the groups, we found that the incidence of @entity1211 in our population of @entity1 who had undergone ART was 2/234 pregnancies (8.5    ), whereas that in our reference population was 6/3339 (1.8    ) (p: 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show a slightly higher incidence of vein @entity715 in pregnancies after ART than in those after natural conception.

title: Pregnancy-related XXXX : comparison between spontaneous and ART conception in an Italian cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'superficial vein thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolic events', 'VTE']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible @entity458 in a @entity14 ( @entity14 )-screening program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six hundred @entity1 in a Danish @entity14 screening feasibility study were invited to complete a short version of the SCL92 (symptom check list) questionnaire relating to the domains: @entity148 , @entity308 and @entity2531 following information on the result of their fecal occult blood test. The questionnaire was repeated after 3 and 12 months. Results were analyzed according to age, gender and test result. RESULTS: Participation rate was high, 84.5% at entry, and declined only slightly. The decline was not related to test results nor initial results from the questionnaire. At entry, scores in each dimension in the study population were similar to expected scores in the background population. @entity1 tested positive at entry had significantly higher scores in all three domains, this difference disappeared at 12 months follow-up. @entity1 had declining scores in all three domains at 3 and 12 months follow-up, whereas @entity1 had declining scores only in the domain @entity148 . Identical patterns in changes in scoring were found regardless of age and gender. @entity1 tested positive had, regardless of later results of diagnostic work-up, declining scores during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Given the limitations of the study, the results demonstrate no adverse effect on psychological well-being within 12 months following @entity14 screening regardless of age, gender or test result.

title: XXXX following fecal occult blood test in @entity14 screening--a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological side-effect of participating']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Psychological distress']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of radiotherapy on the success of primary @entity2103 and cable nerve grafts. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Pre- and postoperative facial nerve function were assessed using the House-Brackmann (HB) grading system. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 were identified who had undergone @entity2103 : 5 @entity1 (13%) underwent primary repair, and 34 @entity1 (87%) underwent nerve grafting. Radiotherapy was administered postoperatively to 34 @entity1 (87%). Preoperative HB scores were I = 18, II = 11, III = 3, IV = 3, V = 3, and VI = 1. Postoperative scores were @entity23201 = 1, II = 4, III = 16, IV = 6, V = 3, and VI = 9. Only @entity1 with @entity51 recovered to @entity23201 function. Good facial function ( @entity23201 -III) was achieved in 17 of 34 @entity1 (50%) who received postoperative radiotherapy compared to 4 of 5 @entity1 (80%) who did not receive postoperative radiotherapy (P = .349). Among the @entity1 who had either @entity23201 function preoperatively, 59% achieved good postoperative function ( @entity23201 -III). Four out of 10 @entity1 (40%) with significantly compromised preoperative facial function (HB III-VI) were able to achieve @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative radiotherapy appears not to prevent achieving good facial function after a nerve repair, especially when normal or near-normal function is present preoperatively. Some @entity1 with fair to little function preoperatively can achieve reasonable postoperative function with facial nerve reconstruction.

title: The impact of radiotherapy on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve repair']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['HB III function']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['single-branch deficits']

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['facial nerve repair']


abstract: This study aims to construct a eukaryotic expression system for envelope gene of @entity13900 , observes its localization in 293T cells, and investigates the potential in inducing malignant transformation of NIH3T3 cells. By RT-PCR, the full-length cDNA of envelope gene of @entity13900 (exJSRV-env) was amplified from the extract of naturally infected @entity742 lung. The clone of target gene was sub-cloned into eukaryotic expression system pEGFP-C1, and validated by PCR, restriction endonuclease, and sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis concerning biological function and cellular localiza tion of exJSRV-env was also performed. The recombinant clone of exJSRV-env was transfected into 293T cells and NIH3T3 cells by @entity496 LTX. The expression and celluar localization in 293T cells were validated by confocal microscopy. Soft agar colony formation assay was employed to test the anchorage-independent growth of NIH3T3. DNA sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion with Kpn I and Hind III indicated the correct construction of the recombinant plasmid, which was named pEGFP-C1/exJSRV-env. @entity535 sequence alignment of exJSRV-env with reference sequences found 85%-100% homogeneity. A YRNM motif was discovered at the cytoplasmic tail of envelope gene, which is exclusively found in exogenous viruses. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that our clone of exJSRV-env clustered closely with pathogenic exogenous @entity13900 sheep retroviruses. Fluorescence microscopy indicated typical membrane localization of exJSRV-env protein. NIH3T3 cells transfected with exJSRV-env lost contact inhibition, and acquired colony forming ability in soft agar. This study indicated that envelope protein of @entity13900 can induce malignant transformation of @entity19 fibroblast cell NIH3T3. Discoveries of this study provide a basis for further structural and functional research on @entity13900 envelope protein.

title: [Research on construction of XXXX lung adenomas virus pEGFP-C1/exJSRV-env and induction of malignant transformation in NIH3T3].

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity13900 :: ('11746', 'Species') :: ['Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus', 'Jaagsiekte']

entities_list: @entity496 :: ('MESH:C086724', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipofectamine']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: RATIONALE: Individual foraging behavior is an important variable of predators commonly studied at the population level. Some hammerhead shark species play a significant role in the marine ecosystem as top consumers. In this context, stable isotope analysis allows us to infer some ecological metrics and patterns that cannot usually be obtained using traditional methods. METHODS: We determined the isotopic composition (  @entity7352 and   @entity13140 values) of dorsal muscle and vertebrae of Sphyrna lewini and Sphyrna zygaena using a continuous-flow system consisting of an elemental analyzer combined with a Delta Plus XL mass spectrometer. Foraging variability by sex and by individual was inferred from the isotopic values. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the isotopic values of muscle samples between sexes, but there were differences between species. The trophic niche breadth of the two species was similar and overlap was low. A low niche overlap was observed between S. lewini individual vertebrae. We found differences in the   @entity13140 values of S. zygaena vertebrae, with lower values in the first group of samples. CONCLUSIONS: Despite these hammerhead shark species inhabiting the same area, there was low trophic niche overlap between species and individuals, due to different individual foraging strategies, according to the @entity505 and @entity1568 isotopic profiles obtained. The use of tissues that retain lifetime isotopic information is useful to complement studies on trophic ecology. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Population and individual foraging patterns of two hammerhead sharks using XXXX and @entity1568 stable isotopes.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: @entity5886 has been recently highlighted as a reversible cause of @entity4589 and reduced tissue @entity26 extraction in @entity1 with @entity1030 and @entity565 . To define the prevalence and mechanism of @entity5886 under these circumstances, we studied @entity1391 homeostasis in 22 @entity1 with chronic @entity565 , who had been hospitalized for emergency bronchodilator therapy. Serum @entity1391 concentration was normal in all @entity1 on presentation, and fell after the initiation of bronchodilator therapy. Twelve @entity1 (54%) developed @entity5886 (serum @entity1391 , less than 0.8 mmol/L). Urinary @entity1391 level fell in parallel. A negative correlation was observed between serum @entity1391 and serum @entity2544 concentrations, and a positive correlation between serum and urinary @entity1391 concentrations. No correlation was found between serum @entity1391 and serum @entity2313 or @entity1133 concentration. These data indicate that @entity5886 is a common metabolic abnormality during the emergency treatment of @entity565 . The underlying mechanism appears to be drug-induced @entity1391 flux from the extra-cellular to the intracellular space. We suggest that the serum @entity1391 level be monitored in @entity1 undergoing emergency treatment of @entity5143 , particularly if a prolonged period of bronchodilator therapy is required or if respiratory muscle fatigue supervenes.

title: XXXX complicating bronchodilator therapy for acute severe @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory muscle hypocontractility']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['Hypophosphatemia', 'hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

answer: @entity5886 :: (MESH:D017674,Disease) :: ['Hypophosphatemia']