abstract: A 68-year-old @entity1 visited his home doctor with the chief complaint of @entity812 . Abdominal ultrasonography revealed left @entity3041 and space occupying lesion in the right kidney. He was referred to our hospital because of suspected @entity1901 and for further examination. Drip infusion pyelography revealed a @entity1901 and retrograde pyelography showed extrinsic compression and deformation of the right pyelogram. A computed tomography showed a heterogeneous solid mass, 7 x 4 cm in size, compressing the pelvicocalyceal system and growing out of the kidney. Right radical nephrectomy was performed under the diagnosis of @entity1358 . The pathological diagnosis was @entity1822 . Seventy-five cases of @entity8 have been reported in the Japanese literature and this is the third case as an incidental @entity5 . Because of the absence of the characteristic diagnostic signs, this @entity5 can present diagnostic difficulty. The diagnostic problems and clinical features of @entity8 are discussed.

title: [A case of incidental XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['left ureteral stone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['left flank pain']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although an active role of the @entity1 is often stressed in @entity6 care, it is not easily implemented in daily practice. The aim of the study was to measure the effects of introducing a @entity6 passport to @entity1 after embedding the passport in the organization of care. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Forty general practice in The Netherlands. @entity1 : Pre- and post-intervention data were obtained from 993 @entity1 with @entity6 . @entity1 treated in secondary care and @entity1 over 80 years of age were excluded. INTERVENTION: The intervention consisted of clarifying the @entity6 care tasks for all practice staff and embedding the @entity6 passports in the structured care. Main outcome measure. Self-reported use of the @entity6 passport. RESULTS: @entity6 passports were issued to 87% of the @entity1 . After 15 months, 76% of the @entity1 reported that the passport was being used during clinic visits. The process indicators of care improved by 10% on average in the intervention group. However, there were no changes in the outcome measures. CONCLUSION: @entity6 passports can be introduced successfully in structured primary care and they lead to improved effect measures for medical behaviour.

title: Implementing XXXX passports to focus practice reorganization on improving @entity6 care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Fifty three consecutive @entity1 with @entity699 were operated on in the Neurosurgical Institute from 1987 to 1995. In all cases the diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory data, as well as radiographic images. Ten @entity1 with false-negative CT scans had MRI confirming the presence of microadenomas less than 5 mm in size. The majority of @entity1 (n = 51) were operated via transsphenoidal approach, transcranial route was utilized in 2 cases. Among the pathological findings, corticotropinomas were revealed in 49 cases, 4 @entity1 were considered to have @entity1373 of the anterior pituitary without well demarcated @entity652 . All @entity1 were divided into 2 groups based on the history of previous treatment. Group 1 included 37 primary @entity1 who had not been treated before admission. Group 2 included 16 @entity1 treated surgically (e.g. neurosurgical operations, bilateral/unilateral adrenalectomy), or with irradiation therapy, including proton beam irradiation prior to admission. We came to conclusion that the following principles were essential in the management of @entity699 . 1. Properly interpreted clinical signs and symptoms along with biochemical data and radiographic imaging (including MRI) are extremely helpful in the preoperative evaluation of such @entity1 . Our approach helped us reveal corticotropinomas with 98% accuracy. 2. Microsurgical removal was proved to be effective in up to 83% of @entity1 , which was demonstrated by clinical and biochemical remission. 3. It should be emphasized that the results of treatment were significantly better in the first group versus the second one. In group 1, remission was reached in 91.1% of @entity1 as compared to 62.5% in Group 2. 4. In primary @entity1 , the @entity130 associated with surgical procedure is less and @entity5 demonstrate a less aggressive biological behavior.

title: [The results of neurosurgical treatment in Itsenko- XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maintenance of high immunization rates is challenged by frequent changes to the recommended immunization schedule. This study assessed parent-reported knowledge of, attitudes about, and demand for a new vaccine against @entity992 . METHODS: Six months following licensure of the @entity992 vaccine, a cross-sectional study was conducted by mailed survey among a sample of parents of 23- to 35-month-old @entity1 . Effective response rate was 65%. RESULTS: Three quarters of parents had heard about the vaccine to prevent @entity992 . The lay media was the most frequently mentioned source of information. Thirteen percent of parents had already obtained the vaccine for their @entity1 , another quarter planned to get it, and one half were undecided. The most frequently cited factor influencing parents who had obtained or intended to obtain the vaccine was their doctor's recommendation. For those undecided or not inclined to get the vaccine, insufficient information about the vaccine was the most frequently listed factor. CONCLUSION: Publicizing a new vaccine through the media may be effective in raising public awareness, but detailed information about the vaccine and the recommendation of providers is still important in a parent's decision about the vaccine for their @entity1 .

title: Parental knowledge, attitudes, and demand regarding a vaccine to prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity992 :: ('MESH:D002644', 'Disease') :: ['varicella']

answer: @entity992 :: (MESH:D002644,Disease) :: ['varicella']


abstract: Photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) are assembled from apoproteins (Lhc proteins) and non-covalently attached pigments. Despite a considerable @entity535 sequence identity, these proteins differ in their oligomerization behavior. To identify the @entity535 residues determining the heterodimerization of Lhca1 and Lhca4 to form LHCI-730, we mutated the poorly conserved second transmembrane helix of the two subunits. Mutated genes were expressed in @entity526 and the resultant proteins were refolded in vitro and subsequently analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Replacement of the entire second helix in Lhca4 by the one of Lhca3 abolished heterodimerization, whereas it had no effect in Lhca1. Individual replacement of three @entity535 clusters in Lhca4 that deviate from the corresponding sequence of Lhca3, demonstrated their contribution to Lhca1-Lhca4 dimerization. Further dissection by mutation of individual @entity535 residues in Lhca4 showed the importance of a @entity563 , @entity815 , and @entity3793 (S88, F95, H99) for LHCI-730 assembly. Alignment of consensus sequences of the Lhc proteins demonstrated that these @entity1522 are predominantly unique in Lhca4 at the relevant positions. Construction of a homology model based on the high-resolution structure of LHCII and superimposing these models onto the photosystem I structure suggested an orientation of S88, F95, and H99 toward the third transmembrane helix of Lhca1. Since some of the @entity1522 are too far apart from their nearest neighbors in Lhca1 for a direct interaction, different modes of interaction are discussed. Finally, by quantifying @entity38 bound to monomeric LHC obtained with the H99 mutant, we identified this @entity535 as a further chlorophyll binding site.

title: XXXX in the second transmembrane helix of the Lhca4 subunit are important for formation of stable heterodimeric light-harvesting complex LHCI-730.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophylls']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['Amino acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) but there is a lack of knowledge about its behaviour over time. The aim of our study was to investigate changes in @entity1295 in a large cohort of @entity15 @entity1 and to determine the relationship between changes in disability and @entity308 with changes in @entity1295 severity. METHODS: We studied @entity1295 in 227 @entity15 consecutive @entity1 and again after one year. During the clinical interview, we recorded the @entity1 's degree of disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale and relapses; @entity1295 was measured by means of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and @entity308 was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 18 months, 86.8% of @entity1 who were fatigued at study onset remained in a fatigued status, whereas 25% of those without @entity1295 at onset had become fatigued at the end of follow-up. We observed that only variations on BDI scores positively correlate with variations on @entity1295 scales, mainly with MFIS (r = 0.49, p < 0.0001). An increase of BDI score was the factor that best predicted the @entity1295 over time. No differences in the @entity1295 were found between @entity1 with and without progression of disability during the follow-up period, or between @entity1 with or without relapses. CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue in @entity15 persists over time. Changes in mood status but not in disability are related to changes in @entity1295 in @entity15 @entity1 .

title: Fatigue in XXXX persists over time: a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue', 'increase of fatigue']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To summarize 30 years of experience in treatment of and prognosis for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed retrospectively the cases of 196 @entity1 seen and followed up at one institution from 1967 to 1997. All @entity1 were treated with radiation therapy, and 46 also received combination chemotherapy as part of their initial treatment. Radiation therapy techniques included involved or regional-field irradiation in 83 @entity1 , extended field irradiation (mantle or inverted Y) in 74, and subtotal nodal irradiation in 39 (median radiation doses for subclinical and clinical disease were 30 and 40 Gy, respectively, at 1.5-2.0 Gy per fraction). Of 46 @entity1 treated with combination and radiation therapy, 26 received subtotal nodal irradiation; in the remaining 20, chemotherapy was combined with more limited-field radiation therapy. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 356 months (median, 144 months). RESULTS: The actuarial overall survival, disease-specific survival, and freedom from progression at 10 and 20 years were 82% and 66%, 94% and 91%, and 77% and 70%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, age adversely influenced overall survival, and female sex favorably affected freedom from progression. Mixed cellularity histology and mantle field technique adversely influenced disease-specific survival. Laparotomy significantly influenced disease-specific survival but not overall survival. CONCLUSION: Radiation therapy results in an excellent outcome in @entity1 with favorable @entity5 . Pathologic staging is no longer necessary.

title: @entity5 : radiation therapy and chemotherapy at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson XXXX Center, 1996-1997.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I Hodgkin disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: The effect of temperature fluctuation is an important factor in bacterial growth especially for pathogens such as the staphylococci that have to remain viable during potentially harsh and prolonged transfer conditions between hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of @entity794 , @entity5938 , and @entity23232 when exposed to low temperature (4  C) for prolonged periods, and how this factor affected their subsequent growth, colony morphology, cellular ultra-structure, and @entity535 composition in the non-cytoplasmic hydrolysate fraction. Clinical isolates were grown under optimal conditions and then subjected to 4  C conditions for a period of 8 wks. Cold-stressed and reference control samples were assessed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify potential ultra-structural changes. To determine changes in @entity535 composition, cells were fractured to remove the lipid and cytoplasmic components and the remaining structural components were hydrolysed. @entity535 profiles for the hydrolysis fraction were then analysed for changes by using principal component analysis (PCA). Exposure of the three staphylococci to prolonged low temperature stress resulted in the formation of increasing proportions of small colony variant ( @entity6723 ) phenotypes. TEM revealed that @entity6723 cells had significantly thicker and more diffuse cell-walls than their corresponding WT samples for both @entity794 and @entity5938 , but the changes were not significant for @entity23232 . Substantial species-specific alterations in the @entity535 composition of the structural hydrolysate fraction were also observed in the cold-treated cells. The data indicated that the staphylococci responded over prolonged periods of cold-stress treatment by transforming into @entity6723 populations. The observed ultra-structural and @entity535 changes were proposed to represent response mechanisms for staphylococcal survival amidst hostile conditions, thus maintaining the viability of the species until favourable conditions arise again.

title: Effect of low temperature on growth and ultra-structure of XXXX spp.

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine functional outcomes from a rehabilitation programme and to compare two methods for evaluating cost efficiency of rehabilitation in @entity1 with severe @entity717 . SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Two hundred and ninety seven consecutive admissions to a specialist inpatient rehabilitation unit following severe acquired @entity1545 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of routinely collected data, including the @entity177 ( @entity177 ), Barthel Index, and Northwick Park Dependency Score and Care Needs Assessment (NPDS/NPCNA), which provides a generic estimation of dependency, care hours. and weekly cost of continuing care in the community. @entity1 were analysed in three groups according to dependency on admission: "low" (NPDS<10 (n=83)); "medium" (NPDS10-24 (n=112)); "high" (NPDS>24 (n=102)). RESULTS: Mean length of stay (LOS) 112 (SD 66) days. All groups showed significant reduction in dependency between admission and discharge on all measures (paired t tests: p<0.001). Mean reduction in "weekly cost of care" was greatest in the high dependency group at pound639 per week (95% CI 488 to 789)), as compared with the medium (pound323/week (95% CI 217 to 428)), and low (pound111/week (95% CI 42 to 179)) dependency groups. Despite their longer LOS, time taken to offset the initial cost of rehabilitation was only 16.3 months in the high dependency group, compared with 21.5 months (medium dependency) and 38.8 months (low dependency). @entity177 efficiency ( @entity177 gain/LOS) appeared greatest in the medium dependency group (0.25), compared with the low (0.17) and high (0.16) dependency groups. CONCLUSIONS: The NPDS/NPCNA detected changes in dependency potentially associated with substantial savings in the cost of ongoing care, especially in high dependency @entity1 . Floor effects in responsiveness of the @entity177 may lead to underestimation of efficiency of rehabilitation in higher dependency @entity1 .

title: Efficiency of specialist rehabilitation in reducing dependency and costs of continuing care for adults with complex acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['complex disability']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injuries']


abstract: @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) is the method of choice in @entity1 with excessive post-tonsillectomy @entity548 . This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence, characteristics and warning signs of excessive post-tonsillectomy @entity548 . BASIC PROCEDURES: Between January 1988 and December 2000, a total of 25 @entity1 had to be treated by @entity2998 . Tonsillectomy had been previously performed in seven @entity1 at our department (group A) and in 18 @entity1 elsewhere (group B). MAIN FINDINGS: @entity2998 was performed in most cases 6 (group A) and 11 days (group B) after tonsillectomy. There was one case with lethal outcome. A total of 12 @entity1 (group B) had been operated by two surgeons. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: Excessive @entity548 following tonsillectomy may occur as delayed @entity548 , abrupt and require immediate @entity2998 and blood transfusion. Prior recurrent episodes of @entity548 can be a warning sign. @entity455 have to be considered. Inpatient policy in these underestimated cases was life-saving.

title: Excessive post-tonsillectomy XXXX requiring ligature of the external carotid artery.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Anatomical vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['LECA', 'Ligature of the external carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Herein, we present a pilot study concerning the use of fluorodeoxy @entity413 conjugated @entity3703 nanoparticles (FDG-mNP ) as a potential agent in magnetic nanoparticle mediated @entity5 cell @entity221 . This approach makes use of the 'Warburg effect', utilising the fact that @entity5 cells have a higher metabolic rate than normal cells. FDG-mNP were synthesized, then applied to the SH-SY5Y @entity5 cell line and exposed to an AC magnetic field. 3D Calorimetry was performed on the FDG-mNP compound. Simulations were performed using SEMCAD X software using Thelonious, (an anatomically correct male @entity1 model) in order to understand more about the end requirements with respect to @entity5 cell destruction. We investigated FDG-mNP mediated @entity137 in conjunction with AC magnetic field exposure. Results are presented for 3D FDG-mNP SAR mnp (10.86    0.99 W/g of particles) using a therapeutic dose of 0.83 mg/ mL. @entity1 model simulations suggest that 43 W/ kg SAR Theo would be required to obtain 42   C within the centre of a @entity96 ( @entity5 size, bounding box x = 64, y = 61, z = 65 [mm]), and that the temperature distribution is @entity5 . Our study suggests that this approach could potentially be used to increase the temperature within cells that would result in @entity5 cell death due to @entity221 . Further development of this research will also involve using whole @entity5 removed from living organisms in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography.

title: A pilot study into the use of FDG-mNP as an alternative approach in neuroblastoma cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumour']

entities_list: @entity3703 :: ('MESH:D052203', 'Chemical') :: ['magnetite']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['inhomogeneous within the tumour', 'neuroblastoma cancer', 'Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that regulation of the pulmonary circulation by endogenous endothelin (ET) during normoxia and @entity519 was altered in conscious @entity235 1 mo after left lung autotransplantation (LLA). Sham-operated control and post-LLA @entity235 were chronically instrumented to measure the left pulmonary vascular pressure-flow (LP-Q) relationship. LP-Q plots were generated on separate days during normoxia and @entity519 (arterial @entity4095 approximately 50 Torr) in the intact condition, after selective ET(A)-receptor inhibition ( @entity46680 ), and after combined ET(A+B)-receptor inhibition ( @entity12584 ). Although LLA resulted in a chronic increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, the ET-receptor antagonists had no effect on the LP-Q relationship during normoxia in either group. The magnitude of @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) was flow dependent in both groups, and the HPV response was potentiated post-LLA compared with control. ET(A)-receptor inhibition attenuated the HPV response to the same extent in both groups. ET(A+B)-receptor inhibition attenuated the HPV response to a greater extent than did ET(A)-receptor inhibition alone, and this effect was greater post-LLA compared with control. Plasma ET-1 concentration only increased during @entity519 in the LLA group. These results indicate that ET does not regulate the baseline LP-Q relationship in either group. Both ET(A)- and ET(B)-receptor activation mediate a component of HPV in conscious @entity235 , and the vasoconstrictor influence of ET(B)-receptor activation is enhanced post-LLA.

title: Pulmonary vasoregulation by endothelin in conscious XXXX after left lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes (located in the Major Histocompatibility Complex [MHC] region of chromosome 6p21) and @entity11408 has been known for some time. Recently, two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in Taiwan and China confirmed that the strongest evidence for @entity11408 association was mapped to the MHC region. It is still unclear, however, whether these findings reflect direct associations with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes and/or to other genes in this gene-rich region. METHODS: To better understand genetic associations for @entity11408 within the MHC region of chromosome 6, we conducted an evaluation that pooled two previously conducted @entity11408 case-control studies in Taiwan (N = 591 cases and N = 521 controls). PCR-based genotyping was performed for 12 significant SNPs identified within 6p21 in the Taiwan @entity11408 GWAS and for the @entity1529 gene (exons 2 and 3). FINDINGS: After confirming homogeneity between the two studies, pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by logistic regression. We found that @entity1529 (p-trend = 0.0006) and @entity45073 (within the @entity17266 gene; p-trend = 0.005) were independent risk factors for @entity11408 after adjustment for age, gender, study and each other. @entity11408 risk was highest among individuals who were homozygous for the @entity1529 *0207 risk allele and carriers of the @entity45073 risk allele (A). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that most of the SNPs significantly associated with @entity11408 from GWAS reflect previously identified @entity1529 associations. An independent effect of @entity45073 ( @entity17266 ), however, remained, suggesting that additional genes within this region might be associated with @entity11408 risk.

title: Evaluation of human leukocyte antigen-A ( XXXX ), other non-HLA markers on chromosome 6p21 and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

answer: @entity1529 :: (3105,Gene) :: ['HLA-A']


abstract: In a clinical study a group of pregnant @entity1 with suspected @entity5027 was examined by vaginal sonography. Aim of the investigation was to compare results of performed vaginal palpation with results of sonography. 120 pregnant @entity1 with cervical insufficiency between 16th and 33rd week of gestation were examined by a 5-MHz vaginal sectorscanner probe. After focussing sagittal projection of uterine cervix and lower uterine segment the cervical length and opening of the internal os were assessed prior to cerclage. Postoperative vaginal sonography was performed to ascertain lengthening and stabilization of the @entity5027 . Another group of 50 pregnant @entity1 with unsuspicious obstetrical findings were also examined to gain information about normal sonographical morphology and length of the competent uterine cervix. Comparing results of vaginal palpation and vaginal sonography showed, that the cervical length obtained by sonography was constantly higher in all @entity1 than the results obtained by palpation. This difference became more distinct in the group of @entity1 with extreme @entity5027 . We are of the opinion that vaginal sonography is an objective method revealing the extent of @entity5027 . Exact measurement of the cervical length and assessment of the internal os are efficient diagnostic criteria. They complete results of cervical palpation and offer precise information concerning an intended cerclage. In case of suspected @entity5027 continuous sonographical examination can supervise the development of the uterine cervix during pregnancy. In future the number of prophylactic cerclage-operations perhaps decreases by using the technique of transvaginal sonography.

title: [Vaginal sonography versus vaginal palpation: initial experiences in 120 pregnant XXXX with suspected cervix insufficiency].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity5027 :: ('MESH:D002581', 'Disease') :: ['incompetent cervix', 'cervical incompetence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Seven previous systematic reviews (SRs) have evaluated back schools, and one has evaluated brief education, with the latest SR including studies until November 2004. The effectiveness of fear-avoidance training has not been assessed. PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of back schools, brief education, and fear-avoidance training for @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). STUDY DESIGN: A SR. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE database of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) until August 2006 for relevant trials reported in English. Assessment of effectiveness was based on @entity158 , disability, and sick leave. RCTs that reported back schools, or brief education as the main intervention, were included. For fear-avoidance training, evaluation of domain-specific outcome was required. Two reviewers independently reviewed the studies. RESULTS: Eight RCTs including 1,002 @entity1 evaluated back schools, three studies were of high quality. We found conflicting evidence for back schools compared with waiting list, placebo, usual care, and exercises, and a @entity73 . Twelve trials including 3,583 @entity1 evaluated brief education. Seven trials, six of high quality, evaluated brief education in the clinical setting. We found strong evidence of effectiveness on sick leave and short-term disability compared with usual care. We found conflicting or limited evidence for back book or Internet discussion (five trials, two of high quality) compared with waiting list, no intervention, massage, yoga, or exercises. Three RCTs of high quality, including 364 @entity1 , evaluated fear-avoidance training. We found moderate evidence that there is no difference between rehabilitation including fear-avoidance training and spinal fusion. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent recommendations are given for brief education in the clinical setting, and fear-avoidance training should be considered as an alternative to spinal fusion, and back schools may be considered in the occupational setting. The discordance between reviews can be attributed differences in inclusion criteria and application of evidence rules.

title: Systematic review of back schools, brief education, and fear-avoidance training for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive behavioral back school']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trials']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: @entity9080 ( @entity16786 ) is a constituent of cruciferous vegetables. It occurs widely in the @entity1 diet as a natural ingredient or food additive. @entity16786 possesses numerous biochemical and physiological activities. It is cytotoxic and tumorigenic at high doses and also is a modulator of enzymes involved in metabolism of xenobiotics, including carcinogens. It is plausible that the wide consumption of dietary @entity16786 may have profound effects on @entity1 health. To facilitate investigations of the effects of dietary @entity16786 in @entity1 , a method of measuring its uptake is needed. In this study, a urinary marker was developed for quantifying @entity16786 uptake in @entity1 . Four adult volunteers were asked to eat a meal containing @entity13344 as the source of @entity16786 . The 48-h urine samples were collected from these individuals and analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. A major urinary metabolite was found, which was identified as @entity47415 , the @entity898 conjugate of @entity16786 , by comparing its retention time and UV, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectra with those of the synthetic standard. After ingestion of mustard, the @entity16786 conjugate was detected in urine collected from 0 to 12 h. No conjugate was found in urine samples collected after 12 h. The major portion of this metabolite was excreted within 8 h. The average total excretion of @entity16786 conjugate was 5.4 +/- 1.7 (SD) mg after consumption of 10 g of mustard and 12.8 +/- 2.0 mg when 20 g of mustard was consumed. Thus, a dose-dependent excretion of this metabolite was demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Identification and quantification of the @entity898 conjugate of @entity9080 in XXXX urine after ingestion of mustard.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity9080 :: ('MESH:C004471', 'Chemical') :: ['Allyl isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity47415 :: ('MESH:C091178', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-S-(N-allylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity13344 :: ('3707', 'Species') :: ['brown mustard']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3064 is gram- negative opportunistic coccobacilli, the most important agent in @entity580 with high mortality rate. Multidrug resistance in strains isolated from @entity580 , making it difficult to treat and sometimes impossible. The aim of the present study was to investigate antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii isolates from Iranian @entity1 in Hamadan, west of Iran. METHODS: In this cross sectional study 100 A. baumannii isolated from @entity825 , blood, urine, sputum and wound samples of @entity1 bedridden in Intensive care unit (ICU) wards of three educational hospitals during June 2011 to October 2012 was included. Isolates confirmed at species level using biochemical tests and tracing blaOXA-51 gene using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and preserved frozen at -70   C until examination. Their susceptibility to 17 antibiotics was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and Metallo-beta-lactamase production was carried out using E-test method. RESULTS: Resistance rate of isolates were 94%, 85%, 84%, 97%, 95% and 98% against meropenem, @entity2892 , @entity4509 , @entity2177 , @entity3400 / @entity7120 and @entity3524 , respectively. No resistant isolate was observed against @entity9001 and also no sensitive isolate seen against @entity5646 and @entity3524 . Results of E-test illustrated that 99% of all isolates were Metallo-beta-lactamase (MbL) producing, which were resistance to @entity2892 ; also 85% of them were resistance to meropenem. MIC50 and MIC90 of the isolates were >= 256 and >= 32 mg/ml for @entity2892 and @entity2889 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The antibiotic resistance against most of the antibiotics, especially @entity2888 is very high in Hamadan region. In addition colistin @entity597 and @entity9001 were most effective antibiotics and to be used in A. @entity281 .

title: High Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance and Metallo-beta-lactamase (MbL) producing XXXX Isolated from @entity1 in ICU Wards, Hamadan, Iran.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['baumannii infections']

entities_list: @entity2888 :: ('MESH:D015780', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenems']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter Baumannii']


abstract: The objective was to examine tutors' views regarding motivation to become a lay tutor on a generic, lay-led self-management programme, ' @entity2319 ' ( @entity2319 ); their experience of course delivery; and the impact of being a tutor on their own lives. Eight tutors (6 male) were interviewed face-to-face. Data were analysed using content analysis. Motivation to become a tutor was associated with desire to help others and establish a new purpose in life. Tutors derived a satisfaction from sharing experiences with course @entity1 and felt their contribution to the welfare of others was valued not only by course @entity1 , but also by friends, family and society. Delivering @entity2319 courses reinforced tutors' own self-management, helped develop new skills (e.g. giving presentations), and enhanced confidence. Challenges associated with the tutor role included fatigue, travelling to venues, and managing some course @entity1 . Although tutors felt supported in their role, some felt that advertising materials should reflect the psychosocial nature of the course. Several tutors suggested course modifications specific to the needs of deafened adults.

title: Deafened tutors' experiences of delivering the @entity2319 ( XXXX ) course: 'recharging my motivational battery'.

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['Challenging Deafness', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['CD']


abstract: The prognostic significance of Paneth cell-like neuroendocrine differentiation in @entity263 has not yet been established. We studied 36 cases of @entity263 differentiation, including needle biopsy specimens (n = 27), radical prostatectomies (n = 8), and transurethral resection specimens (n = 1). Paneth cell-like neuroendocrine cells (NECs) were observed as either patchy isolated cells or diffusely involving glands or nests. With Gleason pattern 3, a patchy pattern of NECs was seen in 18/19 cases with only 1/19 (5.3%) case showing diffuse NECs. All the 4 Gleason pattern 4 cases had patchy NECs. Of the 21 cases with Gleason pattern 5, 18 (85.7%) had diffuse NECs with the remaining 3 exhibiting patchy NECs. Radical prostatectomy was performed in 16/36 (44.4%). @entity5 was organ confined in 10/16 cases (62.5%). Extraprostatic extension (EPE) with positive surgical margins was seen in 6/16 cases (37.5%). In 4 cases, seminal vesicles were positive for @entity5 . Pelvic lymph nodes were free of @entity5 in all cases. The actuarial @entity1486 progression-free risk at 5 years and 7 years was 92% and 80%, respectively. Only 2 @entity1 progressed after radical prostatectomy and they both had Gleason score 7 @entity5 with extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion. Of the 16 radical prostatectomy cases, 8 (50%) had a Gleason pattern 5 component either on needle biopsy or at radical prostatectomy, with nests, cords, or single cells containing Paneth cell-like neuroendocrine differentiation. Five of these 6 cases with Gleason pattern 5 and available follow-up information had no evidence of progression with mean and median follow-ups of 46 months. Radiation therapy either as monotherapy or combined with hormonal therapy was used to treat @entity1 in 13/36 cases. Overall only 2 @entity1 progressed, one with clinical T2 and the other T3 disease. Of the 5 cases with Gleason pattern 5 composed in part or totally by NECs treated by radiation therapy, all are without evidence of recurrence with a mean and median follow-up of 47 and 45 months, respectively. Of the remaining 5 cases with available follow-up treated with watchful waiting, hormone therapy, or cryotherapy, 4 had Gleason pattern 5 @entity5 with NECs. Of these 4 cases, 3 had no progression with a mean and median follow-up of 42.5 and 60.5 months, respectively. Despite the cells' bland histologic appearance, strictly applying the Gleason grading system one would have to assign a Gleason pattern 5 to these foci with no glandular differentiation. The current study demonstrates that applying the Gleason score to these foci does not accurately reflect their clinical behavior. In cases with @entity1358 , only the conventional @entity420 component should be assigned a Gleason score. In cases in which the entire @entity5 is composed of Paneth cell-like cells and areas of the @entity5 lack glandular differentiation, the @entity5 should not be assigned a Gleason score and a comment should be provided as to the generally favorable prognosis of this morphologic pattern of neuroendocrine differentiation.

title: Prognostic significance of paneth cell-like neuroendocrine differentiation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'adenocarcinoma of the prostate showing Paneth cell-like neuroendocrine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Paneth cell-like NECs']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9529 ( @entity9529 ) is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Thus far, the disease gene has been identified as the FERM domain containing 7 ( @entity28674 ) gene. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical and genetic characteristics of a four- generation Chinese family with @entity9529 . METHODS: The clinical data and the genomic DNA of a Chinese @entity9529 family were collected following the provision of informed consent. All coding exons of the @entity28674 gene were amplified by PCR and then sequenced. Af   nity @entity12799 ( @entity12799 ) precipitation was used to investigate whether this novel @entity28674 mutant influenced @entity5180 signaling activation in the @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 T cells (HEK 293T) cells transiently cotransfected with wild-type or mutant @entity28674 and @entity5180 . RESULTS: A novel missense mutation ( @entity46818 ) was identified in all affected members. Obligate female carriers were heterozygous in these mutations and the affected males were homozygous, consistent with X-linked inheritance. This mutation is a substitution of @entity1521 for @entity368 . Function analysis showed that this novel mutant influences @entity5180 signaling in @entity1 HEK 293T cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study widens the mutation spectrum of the @entity28674 gene. This mutant was shown to activate GTPase @entity5180 signaling in vitro; however, the quantity of activated @entity5180 was obviously decreased compared with the wild type (p<0.05). Taken together, our data strongly support the hypothesis that the identified @entity28674 mutant influences GTPase @entity5180 signaling, which regulates neurite development. This mutation may be related to the pathogenesis of @entity16391 .

title: A novel missense mutation in the FERM domain containing 7 ( @entity28674 ) gene causing XXXX in a Chinese family.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity9529 :: ('MESH:D020417', 'Disease') :: ['ICN', 'Idiopathic congenital nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity16391 :: (MESH:C580539,Disease) :: ['X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus']


abstract: @entity166 are controlled by reducing pathogen replication within or transmission between hosts. Models can reliably evaluate alternative strategies for curtailing transmission, but only if interpersonal mixing is represented realistically. Compartmental modelers commonly use convex combinations of contacts within and among groups of similarly aged individuals, respectively termed preferential and proportionate mixing. Recently published face-to-face conversation and time-use studies suggest that parents and @entity1 and co-workers also mix preferentially. As indirect effects arise from the off-diagonal elements of mixing matrices, these observations are exceedingly important. Accordingly, we refined the formula published by Jacquez et al. [19] to account for these newly-observed patterns and estimated age-specific fractions of contacts with each preferred group. As the ages of contemporaries need not be identical nor those of parents and @entity1 to differ by exactly the generation time, we also estimated the variances of the Gaussian distributions with which we replaced the Kronecker delta commonly used in theoretical studies. Our formulae reproduce observed patterns and can be used, given contacts, to estimate probabilities of @entity281 on contact, @entity281 rates, and reproduction numbers. As examples, we illustrate these calculations for @entity683 based on "attack rates" from a prospective household study during the 1957 pandemic and for varicella based on cumulative incidence estimated from a cross-sectional serological survey conducted from 1988-94, together with contact rates from the several face-to-face conversation and time-use studies. Susceptibility to @entity281 on contact generally declines with age, but may be elevated among adolescents and adults with young @entity1 .

title: Mixing in age-structured population models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effectiveness of assertiveness training programmes on @entity146 @entity1 ' assertiveness, self-esteem and social @entity148 . BACKGROUND: Assertiveness training programmes are designed to improve an individual's assertive beliefs and behaviours, which can help the individual change how they view themselves and establish self-confidence and social @entity148 . It is useful for @entity1 with @entity308 , @entity308 phase of @entity162 , @entity148 or @entity2166 . DESIGN: Experimental. METHOD: There were 68 subjects (28, experimental group; 40, diagnosis-matched comparison group). Subjects in experimental groups participated in experimenter-designed assertiveness training twice a week (two hours each) for four weeks. The comparison groups participated the usual activities. Data were collected in the two groups at the same time: before, after and one month after training programme. Efficacy was measured by assertiveness, self-esteem and social @entity148 inventories. A generalised estimating equation was used for analysis. RESULTS: After training, subjects had a significant increase in assertiveness immediately after the assertiveness training programme and one-month follow-up. There was a significant decrease in social @entity148 after training, but the improvement was not significant after one month. Self-esteem did not increase significantly after training. CONCLUSION: With our sample of @entity1 with mixed diagnoses, assertiveness seemed to be improved after assertiveness training. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: @entity1 would benefit more from the assertiveness training programme for the change in how they view themselves, improve their assertiveness, properly express their individual moods and thoughts and further establish self-confidence. The assertiveness training protocol could be provided as a reference guide to clinical nurses.

title: Evaluation of assertiveness training for @entity146 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustment disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Between 40 and 50  % of the population will have at least one thyroid nodule, although only 5-8  % will have a malignant one. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to establish the ultrasonographic characteristics which allow us to distinguish benignity from @entity9384 . METHODS: In the study population, inclusion criteria are (1) a single thyroid nodule and (2) @entity1376 and exclusion criteria are (1) previous thyroid surgery and (2) fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the past month. This study is a double-blind prospective study. The study protocol is as follows: (1) clinical study; (2) ultrasound examination; (3) FNA; and (4) surgery-follow-up. The variables analysed are as follows: a multinodular nodule or goitre; @entity528 ; morphology; margins; hyperechoic rim; rim thickness; rim morphology; size; angle between the major @entity2270 and the skin; echostructure; posterior acoustic findings; @entity730 ; thick colloid; localization of the intrathyroid nodular tissue; and characteristics in the Doppler scan. RESULTS: A total of 221 thyroid nodules were analysed. The following ultrasound findings were associated with @entity5 (p   <   0.05): a nodule with posterior acoustic shadowing; the echotexture of the nodule; intranodular @entity528 ; nodule margins; nodular morphology; the presence of thick colloid; the angle between the major @entity2270 and the skin; characteristics of the intranodular vessels using color Doppler and Doppler energy; and @entity730 . In the multivariate analysis, the following factors persisted as predictors of @entity5 : the echotexture of the nodule (odds ratio 12.81), microcalcifications (OR 9.05), and chaotic vascularisation in the Doppler energy (OR 43.47). CONCLUSIONS: The high-resolution ultrasound allowed for a more reliable diagnosis of @entity5 . The main findings of @entity5 were the hypoechogenicity echotexture, microcalcifications, and chaotic intranodular vessels using Doppler energy.

title: Ultrasonographic risk factors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['colloid degeneration']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy in thyroid nodules']

answer: @entity9384 :: (MESH:D016606,Disease) :: ['malignancy in thyroid nodules']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to estimate the mean direct costs of @entity1229 treatment for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 . Secondly, the costs of initiating @entity1229 treatment during a 60-day period and the impact of International Normalized Ratio (INR) and co-morbidities on costs were estimated. DESIGN AND DATA: The study was performed as a retrospective cohort study over a 12-month period in a Finnish communal health care setting. All @entity955 @entity1 aged 65 years or older (n = 250) with @entity1229 treatment were identified from the database of the health service district of an urban area. @entity1 specific information related to comorbidities, INR-control, complications and health care resource use were collected. Cost information was obtained from the Finnish national health care unit cost list. METHODS: The effect of treatment balance and other background variables on treatment costs were evaluated using ordinary least squares regression (OLS), log-transformed OLS and @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ). The mean costs were calculated on the basis of the different models and bias corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the mean costs. RESULTS: The best fitting cost model was log-transformed OLS. The costs of @entity1229 treatment on the basis of the log-transformed model were 589.82 @entity7634 (BCa 95% CI: 586.68-591.99) per @entity1 compared to 616.00 @entity7634 (BCa 95% CI: 579.98-652.96) obtained with the OLS-model. For the treatment initiation period, the mean costs were 263 @entity7634 (BCa 95% CI: 218.90-314.71). Depending on the way that INR-control was defined, the mean costs were 95.27 @entity7634 or 166.92 @entity7634 higher for @entity1 who were not in the defined INR-balance. CONCLUSIONS: The INR-control has a significant impact on the @entity1229 treatment costs. The choice of model influences the estimated mean costs. In addition, different models identify statistically significant effects between different background variables and costs.

title: Direct costs of XXXX treatment among @entity1 with @entity955 in a Finnish health care setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['GLM', 'generalized linear model']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The FASTACT-2 study of intercalated @entity3866 with chemotherapy in Asian @entity1 found that @entity470 mutations were the main driver behind the significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit noted in the overall population. Further exploratory biomarker analyses were conducted to provide additional insight. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase III study investigated intercalated first-line @entity3866 or placebo with @entity136 / @entity902 , followed by maintenance @entity3866 or placebo, for @entity1 with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Provision of samples for biomarker analysis was encouraged but not mandatory. The following biomarkers were analyzed (in order of priority): @entity470 mutation by cobas(  ) test, @entity984 mutation by cobas(  ) @entity984 test, @entity1722 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), @entity7514 by IHC, @entity11833 by IHC, @entity470 gene copy number by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and @entity470 by IHC. All subgroups were assessed for PFS (primary endpoint), overall survival (OS), non-progression rate and objective response rate. RESULTS: Overall, 256 @entity1 provided samples for analysis. Considerable overlap was noted among biomarkers, except for @entity470 and @entity984 mutations, which are mutually exclusive. Other than @entity470 mutations (p<0.0001), no other biomarkers were significantly predictive of outcomes in a treatment-by-biomarker interaction test, although @entity11833 IHC-positive status was predictive of improved OS for the @entity3866 arm versus placebo in @entity470 wild-type @entity1 (median 18.4 vs 9.5 months; hazard ratio [HR] HR=0.32, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.14-0.69, p=0.0024). CONCLUSION: Activating @entity470 mutations were predictive for improved treatment outcomes with a first-line intercalated regimen of chemotherapy and @entity3866 in @entity1149 . @entity11833 status may have some predictive value in @entity470 wild-type disease, but requires further investigation.

title: Tumor marker analyses from the phase III, placebo-controlled, FASTACT-2 study of intercalated @entity3866 with @entity136 / XXXX in the first-line treatment of advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to identify clinical criteria that may help recognize @entity1 with @entity30 who are at high risk for early symptomatic postoperative recurrence. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Currently, no reliable criteria are available to help recognize @entity1 who are prone to experience early symptomatic recurrence. METHODS: One hundred sixty-four @entity1 undergoing intestinal resection for @entity30 at the Mount Sinai Hospital between 1976 and 1989 were studied prospectively. @entity1 with symptomatic recurrent disease within 36 months were defined as having an early recurrence. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of anastomoses was the most important prognostic indicator (p = 0.001), followed by @entity32 at the resection margins (p < 0.05). @entity1 requiring an ileostomy had a significantly lower early recurrence rate than those having single or multiple anastomoses. There was no significant correlation between @entity32 at the margins and early recurrence in @entity1 requiring an ileostomy (n = 38), or a single @entity254 (n = 98). When the margins were examined in the 28 @entity1 with 2 or more anastomoses, 10 of 11 @entity1 (91%) with @entity32 at either margin experienced early recurrence. @entity1 having multiple anastomoses with normal margins had the same recurrence rate as @entity1 with single @entity254 (42%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with extensive @entity30 requiring multiple resections with @entity254 , especially when microscopic @entity32 is present at the margins, are at very high risk for symptomatic early recurrence. Ileostomy seems to be associated with a significantly lower early recurrence potential than @entity254 . Further study is needed to determine whether avoidance of multiple @entity254 and adjuvant medical treatment can alter the course of the disease after intestinal resection in @entity1 at high risk for early symptomatic recurrence.

title: Prediction of early symptomatic recurrence after intestinal resection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: @entity205 (CsA) treatment in immunoglobulin A @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) is controversial and has not been widely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity870 on renal histology and the expression of @entity82 -associated molecules in childhood @entity6994 . The subjects were 18 @entity1 (age 4.2-13.9 years; male:female 13:5) who had been treated with CsA for 8 or 12 months and who had renal biopsies before and after treatment. Renal biopsies were assessed by routine histology and immunohistochemistry against @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), @entity469 , and @entity2280 . The degree of @entity644 and mesangial IgA deposits decreased or disappeared after treatment in all cases, and the percentage of @entity1 with diffuse mesangial proliferation decreased from 44.4 to 22.2%. However, @entity82 developed or was aggravated in nine @entity1 (50%) after treatment and was associated with an increased degree of @entity32 in five @entity1 . Tubular @entity1096 expression (45.3 +/- 23.4 vs. 37.6 +/- 19.3%) and the degree of @entity469 -positive macrophage infiltration (136.1 +/- 88.2 vs. 132 +/- 86.0/mm(2)) were not increased after CsA treatment, but TGF-beta expression was significantly increased (6.4 +/- 4.2 vs. 13.3 +/- 9.9%; p = 0.025). Microvascular density was increased and peritubular capillaries were of small caliber in inflamed areas. We conclude that increased levels of TGF-beta and the development of @entity82 limit the long-term use of CsA in @entity6994 @entity1 . @entity1096 and macrophages may be indirectly involved in renal @entity82 by prolonging @entity32 rather than by directly increasing TGF-beta expression.

title: Expression of @entity82 -associated molecules in IgA XXXX treated with @entity205 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1096 :: ('6696', 'Gene') :: ['OPN', 'osteopontin', 'Osteopontin']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spatial communication consists of both verbal spatial language and gesture. There has been minimal research investigating the use of spatial communication, and even less focussing on @entity1 with @entity2026 . AIMS: The aims of this exploratory study were to describe the frequency and variability of spatial language and gesture use by three @entity1 with @entity2026 in comparison to nine control @entity1 . This included: 1) frequency of gestures; 2) types of gesture; 3) number of spatial descriptions described by gestures but no language; and 4) frequency and variety of locative prepositional, verb, and noun phrases. METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Each @entity1 was videoed undertaking 11 spatial communication tasks: four description tasks, and seven tasks involving directing the researcher in the placement of objects or pictures. Gestures and language produced were transcribed and analysed. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2026 used significantly more gesture. @entity1 with @entity2026 also used more gesture without spoken phrases when spatial vocabulary was unavailable. Finally, there were differences between the @entity1 with regards to the types of gesture that they used when they were unable to access language. CONCLUSION _ IMPLICATIONS: The results suggest that the analysis of gesture produced by @entity1 with @entity2026 may provide insight into their underlying @entity73 . As this was an exploratory study, with just three @entity1 with @entity2026 , further research is needed.

title: Use of spatial communication in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine incidence, predisposing factors, and outcome of @entity810 complicating pulmonary surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Tertiary @entity5 hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing pulmonary resection over a 25-year period. MEASURES: Morbidity and mortality of postoperative @entity810 . RESULTS: Six of 1595 (0.4%) @entity1 developed @entity810 . All 6 @entity1 had advanced @entity5 that required extensive resections. No @entity1 undergoing simple lobectomy, or lesser pulmonary resection, developed @entity810 . @entity295 and @entity1576 were present in all 6 @entity1 prior to onset of @entity810 . All @entity1 died of @entity881 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity810 following pulmonary surgery is very low. Management strategies developed for other surgical @entity1 may not be appropriate in the setting of pulmonary surgery. Specific perioperative preventive measures, such as intravenous fluid loading, are not warranted and may be harmful. @entity810 after pulmonary surgery has a very high mortality. Associated post-operative complications, such as @entity295 and @entity1576 . are largely responsible for this high mortality. Treatment of @entity810 in pulmonary surgery @entity1 consists of maintenance of tissue oxygenation, elimination of @entity295 , nutritional support, and dialysis or hemofiltration.

title: XXXX following pulmonary surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'thoracic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute renal failure']


abstract: At present, the number of elderly @entity1 is rapidly increasing, which represents a significant threat in terms of their care when they fall ill. One of the most common @entity66 nowadays is @entity303 , whose symptoms sooner or later include @entity73 . @entity73 can vary from serious @entity1032 to inability to recall things, to the @entity121 of specific cognitive functions such as communication. These disorders not only affect the quality of @entity1 's own life but also impose a substantial burden on their families, particularly on their caregivers. Therefore, the aim of this article is to highlight the role of assistive technologies (ATs) for managing @entity73 in @entity303 in order to improve @entity1 ' quality of life. In addition, ATs focused on training @entity1 ' memory are also mentioned, since they can help @entity1 to maintain their language skills. Furthermore, these ATs can delay the need for institutional care, as well as significantly reduce costs on @entity1 care. The importance of future research in the area of the development of ATs for managing the @entity73 in @entity303 is also discussed. There is a general trend toward the personalization of @entity1 needs and requirements in the area of ATs. For the purpose of this article, a method of literature review of available sources defining @entity3180 and providing characteristic features of @entity3180 in @entity303 is used. In addition, a method of comparison of different research studies exploring ATs focused on delaying @entity3180 in @entity303 in order to postpone @entity1 ' need for institutional care is also exploited.

title: Assistive technologies for managing XXXX in @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['aging diseases']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairments', 'Cognitive disorders', 'loss of cognitive functioning']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['loss or disorder']

answer: @entity3180 :: (MESH:D007806,Disease) :: ['language disorders']


abstract: Dental implants are becoming increasingly important in prosthodontic rehabilitation. @entity2348 , however, can induce @entity604 and jeopardize clinical success. Recent literature has demonstrated that infrared @entity515 laser light is suitable for the decontamination of exposed implant surfaces. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of 308-nm excimer laser irradiation on @entity737 in vitro. In this study, a XeCl excimer laser (308 nm) was used (Summit Technology, Boston, USA). Both aerobe ( @entity6586 , @entity885 , Actinomyces naeslundii) and anaerobe microorganisms (A. odontolyticus, @entity11625 ) were tested. According to previous studies, a constant energy of 0.8 J/cm(2) and a constant frequency of 20 Hz were used for all irradiations. Colony-forming units after laser irradiation were counted. Excimer laser irradiation showed significant influence on the growth of all microorganisms. As compared to @entity6586 and @entity885 , A. naeslundii demonstrated higher sensitivity to laser irradiation. Anaerobe microorganisms, in contrast, demonstrated that a total of 200 pulses were sufficient to reduce the replication of these germs for more than 99.9%. Excimer laser irradiation (lambda = 308 nm) can significantly reduce both aerobe and anaerobe microorganisms. Depending on the parameters chosen, 200 pulses are sufficient for sterilization. New studies are necessary to evaluate if this wavelength is more of value in the treatment of @entity737 than other wavelengths or conventional therapies.

title: Effect of 308-nm excimer laser light on XXXX : an in vitro investigation.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implantitis-associated bacteria', 'peri-implantitis']

entities_list: @entity11625 :: ('28132', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella melaninogenica']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['peri-implantitis-associated bacteria']


abstract: During a 6-year period we received bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples from 178 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). All @entity1 BM, and occasionally, PB samples were characterized according to @entity1334 criteria, and by immunophenotyping (IP) and cytogenetics (CG). This report summarizes the findings in the 125 @entity1 who were older than 15 years. Their mean and median ages were 39.4 and 37.0 years. There were 8 (6.4%) M1, 27 (21.6%) M2, 15 (12.0%) M3, 49 (39.2%) M4, 14 (11.2%) M5A, 9 (7.2%) M5B and 2 (1.6%) M6. IP showed that HLA-DR was most strongly and frequently expressed by M1 blasts (53.5%, 86%) and least strongly and frequently expressed by M3 blasts (4.5%, 0%). HLA-DR was also relatively strongly expressed by M4, @entity50327 , M5B (21.5%, 43%; 34.9%, 69%; and 19.2%, 56%, respectively). @entity9536 was uniformly weakly expressed by all @entity1334 subgroups. @entity10793 was most strongly and frequently expressed by M4 (20%, 43%), and was relatively weakly and infrequently expressed by the other @entity1334 subtypes (9.5%, 9.2%, 16.4%, 8.4%, 16.3%). @entity5750 was moderately expressed by M4 (15.2%, 25%) and M5B (14.0%, 22%) and M1 (7.0%, 40%). @entity1116 was most strongly expressed by M3 blasts (26.3% and 61%), and was most weakly expressed by M5B (10.6% and 22%). Fourteen (11.2%) @entity1 had blasts that showed lymphoid antigens (5 T, 5 B, 5 @entity2282 ) in addition to myeloid characteristics. Fifty-four (51.9%) of 104 @entity1 tested had one or more karyotypic abnormalities, the most frequent of which was 8+. Only the t(15:17) was specific, and was seen in M3. Four @entity1 with @entity3466 had trisomy 21, one of whom also had 11q-. We conclude that Saudi Arabian @entity3052 shows @entity1334 patterns similar to @entity1 in the West, and that M3 @entity1 have a characteristic IP and cytogenetic pattern. Apart from this the MIC classification failed to reveal characteristic modes.

title: Morphologic immunophenotypic and cytogenetic patterns of adult XXXX in Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity50327 :: ('p|SUB|M|5|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M5A']

entities_list: @entity3466 :: ('MESH:D003784', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous IP']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: RATIONALE: The @entity750 precursor @entity9484 (TRP) is available as a nutritional supplement and is licensed as an antidepressant in a number of countries. However, evidence of its efficacy as the primary treatment for @entity308 is limited, and the direct action of TRP on the symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 has not been well-characterised. OBJECTIVES: The present study assessed whether TRP induces cognitive changes opposite to the negative biases found in @entity308 and characteristic of those induced by serotonergic antidepressants in healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty eight healthy volunteers were randomised to receive 14 days double-blind intervention with TRP (1 g 3x a day) or placebo. On the final day, emotional processing was assessed using four tasks: facial expression recognition, emotion-potentiated @entity427 , attentional probe and emotional categorisation and memory. RESULTS: TRP increased the recognition of happy facial expressions and decreased the recognition of disgusted facial expressions in female, but not male, volunteers. TRP also reduced attentional vigilance towards negative words and decreased baseline @entity427 responsivity in the females. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that TRP supplementation in @entity1 induces a positive bias in the processing of emotional material that is reminiscent of the actions of serotonergic antidepressants. This highlights a key role for @entity750 in emotional processing and lends support to the use of TRP as a nutritional supplement in @entity1 with mild @entity308 or for prevention in those at risk. Future studies are needed to clarify the effect of @entity2340 on these measures in @entity1 .

title: XXXX supplementation induces a positive bias in the processing of emotional material in healthy female volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9484 :: ('CHEBI:16828', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['Tryptophan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) promotes a bundle approach to the care of septic @entity1 to improve outcome. Some have questioned the capability of delivering the bundle in @entity341 ( @entity341 ). The authors report the epidemiology and 6 h bundle compliance of @entity1 with severe @entity295 / @entity326 presenting to Scottish @entity341 . METHODS: Analysis of the previously reported Scottish @entity130 Audit Group @entity295 database was performed including 20 mainland Scottish @entity341 . A total of 308,910 attendances were screened (between 2 March and 31 May 2009), and 5285 of 27,046 @entity1 were identified after case note review and included on the database. This analysis includes @entity1 who had severe @entity295 / @entity326 before leaving the @entity2613 . Epidemiological, severity of illness criteria, and @entity2613 management data were analysed. RESULTS: 626 @entity1 (median age 73; M/F ratio 1:1; 637 presentations) met entrance criteria. The median number of cases per site was 16 (range 3-103). 561 (88.1%) @entity1 arrived by ambulance. The most common source of @entity281 was the respiratory tract (n=411, 64.5%) The most common physiological derangements were heart rate (n=523, 82.1%), respiratory rate (n=452, 71%) and white cell count (n=432, 67.8%). The median hospital stay was 9 days (IQR 4-17 days). 201 (31.6%) @entity1 were admitted to critical care within 2 days, 130 (20.4%) directly from the @entity2613 . 180 @entity1 (28.3%) died. There was poor compliance with all aspect of the SSC resuscitation bundle. CONCLUSIONS: Sepsis presentations are of variable frequency but have typical epidemiology and clinical outcomes. SSC bundle resuscitation uptake is poor in Scottish @entity341 .

title: The epidemiology of adults with severe @entity295 and XXXX in Scottish @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: 1. Extracellular recording techniques have been used to study nerve impulses in single sensory nerve terminals in @entity840 @entity267 isolated in vitro. 2. Nerve impulses occurred spontaneously and were evoked by electrical stimulation of the ciliary nerves. 3. The nerve impulses were identified as originating in polymodal receptors, mechano-receptors or 'cold' receptors. All three types are believed to be nociceptors. 4. @entity1022 ( @entity4524 , 1 microM) blocked nerve impulses evoked by electrical stimulation of the ciliary nerves. However, ongoing and/or naturally evoked nerve impulses persisted in the presence of @entity4524 in all three types of receptors. @entity3303 ( @entity3303 ; 1 mM) blocked all electrical activity. 5. @entity4524 -resistant sodium channels therefore play a major role in generating the action potentials that signal @entity158 .

title: XXXX -resistant impulses in single nociceptor nerve terminals in @entity840 @entity267 .

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lignocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain to the brain']

answer: @entity1022 :: (MESH:D013779,Chemical) :: ['Tetrodotoxin']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been implicated in many fibrotic conditions. However, its mechanistic role in radiation @entity137 is equivocal despite compelling correlative evidence. This study assessed whether in vivo administration of a soluble @entity15136 ( @entity15136 ) protein ameliorates intestinal radiation injury (radiation @entity7017 ). METHODS: A recombinant fusion protein, consisting of the extracellular portion of @entity19 @entity15136 and the Fc portion of @entity19 immunoglobulin (Ig) G, was produced. A 5-cm segment of @entity19 ileum was exposed to 19 Gy x-radiation. @entity15136 :Fc fusion protein (1 mg/kg every other day) or mouse IgG was administered from 2 days before to 6 weeks after irradiation. Radiation injury was assessed at 6 weeks using quantitative histology, morphometry, and immunohistochemistry. Collagen was measured colorimetrically, and @entity641 messenger RNA was assessed with fluorogenic probe reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with IgG controls, @entity15136 :Fc-treated @entity19 exhibited less structural injury, preservation of mucosal surface area, and less intestinal wall @entity82 . Intestinal @entity641 messenger RNA increased in @entity15136 :Fc-treated @entity19 , whereas TGF-beta immunoreactivity decreased. @entity15136 :Fc treatment increased crypt cell proliferation but otherwise did not affect unirradiated intestine. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term modulation of TGF-beta with a @entity15136 :Fc fusion protein is feasible and ameliorates radiation @entity7017 . These data confirm the putative role of TGF-beta in intestinal radiation @entity82 .

title: Recombinant soluble transforming growth factor beta type II receptor ameliorates radiation XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity15136 :: ('21813(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta type II receptor', 'TbetaR-II']

answer: @entity7017 :: (MESH:C538273,Disease) :: ['enteropathy']


abstract: Exendin-4 is a potent and long-acting agonist of the @entity5445 ( @entity8142 . @entity5445 is an insulinotropic gut peptide and is being evaluated for the regulation of plasma @entity413 in type 2 @entity6 . The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether exendin-4 is insulinotropic and whether it has long-lived biological effects in nondiabetic and type 2 @entity6 subjects. Because incretins are @entity413 dependent with respect to their insulin-releasing capacity, we used the hyperglycemic @entity413 clamp technique to begin to address these issues in two separate protocols. In one protocol, we infused exendin-4 (0.15 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) in seven nondiabetic and seven type 2 @entity6 subjects during the second hour of a 5-h hyperglycemic clamp in which fasting plasma @entity413 was raised by 5.4 mmol/liter. The second protocol was identical to the first except that plasma @entity413 was allowed to fall to the fasting levels during the fourth hour and again raised by 5.4 mmol/liter during the fifth hour in four nondiabetic and four @entity6 subjects. With the initiation of exendin-4 infusion at 60 min, plasma insulin response was potentiated 4- to 5-fold in both groups. Despite termination of exendin-4 at the end of the second hour, the insulin levels remained elevated for several hours and @entity4854 was maintained. All volunteers ate a meal 5.5 h after inducing @entity4854 . Postprandial plasma @entity413 , insulin, and @entity5445 did not rise in any subject, possibly because of delayed @entity356 by exendin-4 even though its infusion had been terminated 4 h previously. We concluded that exendin-4 is a potent and long-lasting insulinotropic agent in nondiabetic and @entity6 subjects.

title: The insulinotropic effect of acute exendin-4 administered to humans: comparison of nondiabetic state to type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oxidative stress has been established as the key mechanism of the @entity16 underlying noise-induced @entity393 , however, emerging evidence suggests that @entity32 may also be a major contributor. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the cochlear inflammatory response associated with acute and chronic noise exposure. C57BL/6 @entity19 were exposed to acute traumatic noise (100  dBSPL, 8-16  kHz for 24  h) and their cochleae collected at various intervals thereafter, up to 7  days. Using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, changes in expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines ( @entity637 , @entity635 ), chemokines ( @entity1750 ) and cell adhesion molecules ( @entity8024 ) were studied. All gene transcripts displayed similar dynamics of expression, with an early upregulation at 6  h post-exposure, followed by a second peak at 7  days. @entity8024 immunoexpression increased significantly in the inferior region of the spiral ligament, peaking 24  h post-exposure. The early expression of proinflammatory mediators likely mediates the recruitment and extravasation of inflammatory cells into the noise-exposed cochlea. The occurrence of the latter expression peak is not clear, but it may be associated with reparative processes initiated in response to @entity16 . Chronic exposure to moderate noise (90  dBSPL, 8-16  kHz, 2  h/day, up to 4  weeks) also elicited an inflammatory response, reaching a maximum after 2  weeks, suggesting that @entity16 and @entity393 associated with chronic environmental noise exposure may be linked to inflammatory processes in the cochlea. This study thus provides further insight into the dynamics of the cochlear inflammatory response induced by exposure to acute and chronic noise.

title: Characterisation of @entity32 in XXXX following acute and chronic noise exposure.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear damage']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The fertile and sterile plants were derived from the self-pollinated offspring of the F1 hybrid between the novel restorer line NR1 and the Nsa CMS line in @entity4335 . To elucidate gene expression and regulation caused by the A and C subgenomes of @entity4335 , as well as the alien chromosome and cytoplasm from Sinapis arvensis during the development of young floral buds, we performed a genome-wide high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing for young floral buds of sterile and fertile plants. RESULTS: In this study, equal amounts of total RNAs taken from young floral buds of sterile and fertile plants were sequenced using the Illumina/Solexa platform. After filtered out low quality data, a total of 2,760,574 and 2,714,441 clean tags were remained in the two libraries, from which 242,163 (Ste) and 253,507 (Fer) distinct tags were obtained. All distinct sequencing tags were annotated using all possible CATG+17-nt sequences of the genome and transcriptome of Brassica rapa and those of @entity5598 as the reference sequences, respectively. In total, 3231 genes of B. rapa and 3371 genes of @entity5598 were detected with significant differential expression levels. GO and pathway-based analyses were performed to determine and further to understand the biological functions of those differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, there were 1089 specially expressed unknown tags in Fer, which were neither mapped to @entity5598 nor to B. rapa, and these unique tags were presumed to arise basically from the added alien chromosome of S. arvensis. Fifteen genes were randomly selected and their expression levels were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, and fourteen of them showed consistent expression patterns with the digital gene expression (DGE) data. CONCLUSIONS: A number of genes were differentially expressed between the young floral buds of sterile and fertile plants. Some of these genes may be candidates for future research on CMS in Nsa line, fertility restoration and improved agronomic traits in NR1 line. Further study of the unknown tags which were specifically expressed in Fer will help to explore desirable agronomic traits from wild species.

title: Transcriptome profile analysis of young floral buds of fertile and sterile plants from the self-pollinated offspring of the hybrid between novel restorer line NR1 and Nsa CMS line in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5598 :: ('3712', 'Species') :: ['B. oleracea', 'Brassica oleracea']

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['Brassica napus', 'B. napus']

answer: @entity4335 :: (3708,Species) :: ['Brassica napus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2348 with no bacterial isolates can be a difficult clinical conundrum, where other markers like @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), white cell count (WCC), and @entity4795 are helpful to arrive at a diagnosis. @entity1904 (PCT) has been shown to be a useful biomarker in @entity2348 . The aim of the study was to look at the association of PCT with bacterial cultures and compare this to currently used markers of @entity2348 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: WCC, neutrophil count, and @entity1851 with PCT were compared in @entity1 with a positive bacterial culture from blood/body fluid. The specificity and sensitivity of PCT were compared with those of @entity1851 . RESULTS: Of the 99 paired samples obtained, 25 cultures were positive for bacteria. There was a significant difference in @entity1851 (P=0.04) and PCT (P<0.001) levels between culture-positive and culture-negative samples. PCT had a better sensitivity and specificity than @entity1851 (84% and 64.9% vs. 69.6% and 52.9%, respectively), with a combined specificity ( @entity1851 and PCT) of 83.5%. CONCLUSIONS: PCT has a better association with @entity2348 and is superior to currently available biomarkers in the clinical setting. The rapid pharmacodynamics of PCT can serve as an early predictor of the diagnosis of @entity2348 while awaiting the bacterial culture results avoiding undue delay in the institution of antibiotics, hence, potentially improving the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity2348 .

title: Associations between @entity1904 and markers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial sepsis', 'bacterial sepsis']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial sepsis']


abstract: @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors are often the first ionotropic @entity2227 receptors expressed at early stages of development and appear to influence neuronal differentiation by mediating @entity141 influx. Although less well studied, @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptors also can generate @entity141 elevations and may have developmental roles. We document the presence of @entity140 and @entity143 class receptors and the absence of kainate class receptors with whole cell voltage-clamp recordings from @entity1238 embryonic spinal neurons differentiated in vitro. Reversal potential measurements indicate that @entity140 receptors are permeable to @entity141 both in differentiated neurons and at the time they first are expressed. The PCa/Pmonocation of 1.9 is close to that of cloned @entity141 -permeable @entity140 receptors expressed in heterologous systems. @entity141 imaging reveals that @entity141 elevations are elicited by @entity140 or @entity143 in the absence of @entity1025 . The amplitudes and durations of these agonist-induced @entity141 elevations are similar to those of spontaneous @entity141 transients known to act as differentiation signals in these cells. Two sources of @entity141 amplify @entity140 - and @entity143 -induced @entity141 elevations. Activation of voltage-gated @entity141 channels by @entity140 - or @entity143 -mediated depolarization contributes approximately 15 or 30% of cytosolic @entity141 elevations, respectively. Activation of either class of receptor produces elevations of @entity141 that elicit further release of @entity141 from @entity2426 -sensitive but @entity8452 -insensitive stores, contributing an additional approximately 30% of @entity141 elevations. Voltage-clamp recordings and @entity141 imaging both show that these spinal neurons express functional @entity140 receptors soon after neurite initiation and before expression of @entity143 receptors. The @entity141 permeability of @entity140 receptors, their ability to generate significant elevations of [ @entity141 ]i, and their appearance before synapse formation position them to play roles in neural development. Spontaneous release of agonists from growth cones is detected with @entity2227 receptors in outside-out patches, suggesting that spinal neurons are early, nonsynaptic sources of @entity2227 that can influence neuronal differentiation in vivo.

title: XXXX and @entity143 receptors expressed by differentiating @entity1238 spinal neurons.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl--aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['AMPA', 'alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: We investigated 2-weekly intravenous @entity2600 combined with oral @entity416 in @entity1 with advanced @entity420 . In phase I, doses were escalated in chemotherapy na  ve or pretreated @entity1 to establish maximum tolerated doses (MTD). In phase II, @entity1 were treated at MTD as first-line therapy with the primary end point of RECIST response. Dose levels in phase I were as follows: Level 1: @entity2600 150 mg m-2 on day 1; @entity416 850 mg m-2 12-hourly on days 1-9. Level 2: as level 1 but @entity416 1000 mg m-2. Level 3: as level 2 but @entity2600 180 mg m-2. Level 4: as level 3 but @entity416 1250 mg m-2. In phase I, 21 @entity1 were entered. Maximum tolerated dose was level 3. Dose-limiting @entity137 were lethargy, @entity294 , @entity391 and @entity33 . In phase II, 31 @entity1 were entered at level 3. During the first six cycles, 13 of these @entity1 underwent dose reduction and three @entity1 stopped treatment for @entity137 . A further six @entity1 stopped for progressive disease. The commonest grade 3-4 @entity137 were lethargy (20%), @entity294 (17%), @entity390 (10%) and @entity448 (10%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . The response rate was 32% (95% CI 16-52%). Median overall survival was 10 months. This regimen is active in @entity420 . However, using the MTD defined in phase I, fewer than 50% @entity1 tolerated six cycles without modification in phase II; therefore, modification of these doses is recommended for further study.

title: A phase I and II study of 2-weekly @entity2600 with XXXX in advanced @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: To quantify, using MRI, the acute impacts of defined volume and sizes of coronary microemboli on @entity296 and left ventricular (LV) function and to use LAD occlusion/reperfusion, as a reference. A total of 28 farm @entity1707 were used in this study. Eight animals were used as controls. Successful coronary interventions were performed under X-ray fluoroscopy in 16 @entity1707 to induce microinfarct (delivery of 16 mm(3) of 40-120  m) and large @entity1188 (90 min LAD occlusion/reperfusion). On day 3, animals were imaged using contrast enhanced (in beating and non-beating hearts) and cine MRI for evaluating LV viability and function, respectively. Microscopy and @entity299 enzymes were used to confirm the presence of @entity39 . @entity296 was smaller after microembolization than occlusion/reperfusion (6.5    0.6%LV mass vs. 12.6    1.2%, P < 0.001). The increase in LV end-systolic volume and decreases in ejection fraction, cardiac output and regional systolic wall thickening, however, were comparable between groups, but significantly differed from controls. MRI also demonstrated @entity3885 after microembolization and occlusion/reperfusion as hyperenhanced and hypoenhanced regions, respectively. Microscopic examination revealed patchy @entity39 , @entity32 , but no @entity548 after microembolization and extensive @entity548 and transmural damage in the occlusion/reperfusion group. @entity299 enzymes confirmed presence of @entity296 in animals with interventions. Coronary microemboli have acute impact on LV function compared to control animals. Despite the difference in @entity296 , global and regional @entity1002 after microembolization was comparable to occlusion/reperfusion. This MR study suggests that the pattern of @entity296 plays a role in @entity1002 .

title: MRI quantification of left ventricular function in microinfarct versus large XXXX in @entity1707 model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage', 'myocardial viability', 'Myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intramyocardial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac injury', 'cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']