abstract: There is evidence that female athletes may be more susceptible to exercise-induced arterial @entity519 and expiratory flow limitation and have greater increases in operational lung volumes during exercise relative to @entity1 . These pulmonary limitations may ultimately lead to greater levels of diaphragmatic @entity1295 in @entity1 . Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine whether there are sex differences in the prevalence and severity of exercise-induced diaphragmatic @entity1295 in 38 healthy endurance-trained @entity1 (n = 19; maximal aerobic capacity = 64.0 +/- 1.9 ml x kg(-1) x @entity1009 )) and @entity1 (n = 19; maximal aerobic capacity = 57.1 +/- 1.5 ml x kg(-1) x @entity1009 )). Transdiaphragmatic pressure ( @entity13091 ) was calculated as the difference between gastric and esophageal pressures. Inspiratory pressure-time products of the diaphragm and esophagus were calculated as the product of breathing frequency and the @entity13091 and esophageal pressure time integrals, respectively. Cervical magnetic stimulation was used to measure potentiated @entity13091 twitches ( @entity13091 ,tw) before and 10, 30, and 60 min after a constant-load cycling test performed at 90% of peak work rate until exhaustion. Diaphragm @entity1295 was considered present if there was a >or=15% reduction in @entity13091 ,tw after exercise. Diaphragm @entity1295 occurred in 11 of 19 @entity1 (58%) and 8 of 19 @entity1 (42%). The percent drop in @entity13091 ,tw at 10, 30, and 60 min after exercise in @entity1 (n = 11) was 30.6 +/- 2.3, 20.7 +/- 3.2, and 13.3 +/- 4.5%, respectively, whereas results in @entity1 (n = 8) were 21.0 +/- 2.1, 11.6 +/- 2.9, and 9.7 +/- 4.2%, respectively, with sex differences occurring at 10 and 30 min (P < 0.05). @entity1 continued to have a reduced contribution of the diaphragm to total inspiratory force output (pressure-time product of the diaphragm/pressure-time product of the esophagus) during exercise, whereas diaphragmatic contribution in @entity1 changed very little over time. The findings from this study point to a female diaphragm that is more resistant to @entity1295 relative to their male counterparts.

title: Sex differences in exercise-induced diaphragmatic XXXX in endurance-trained athletes.

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the 40-year University of Florida experience treating @entity2828 family of @entity5 of the chest wall. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-nine @entity1 were treated from 1966 to 2006. Of the @entity1 , 22 were treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone, and 17 @entity1 were treated with surgery with or without RT. Of 9 @entity1 with @entity3 , 8 were treated with RT alone. The risk profiles of each group were otherwise similar. The median age was 16.6 years, and the most frequent primary site was the rib (n=17). The median potential follow-up was 19.2 years. RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial overall survival (OS), cause-specific survival (CSS), and local control (LC) rates were 34%, 34%, and 72%, respectively. For the nonmetastatic subset (n=30), the 5-year OS, CSS, and LC rates were 44%, 44%, and 79%, respectively. LC was not statistically significantly different between @entity1 treated with RT alone (61%) vs. surgery+RT (75%). None of the 4 @entity1 treated with surgery alone experienced local failure. No @entity1 or treatment variable was significantly associated with local failure. Of the @entity1 , 26% experienced Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC) Grade 3+ @entity137 , including 2 @entity204 . Modern intensive systemic therapy helped increase the 5-year CSS from 7% to 49% in @entity1 treated after 1984 (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest single-institution series describing the treatment of @entity2828 . Despite improvements in survival, obtaining local control is challenging and often accompanied by morbidity. Effort should be focused on identifying @entity5 amenable to combined-modality local therapy and to improving RT techniques.

title: Chest wall @entity2828 family of XXXX : long-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall Ewing tumors', 'Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary deaths']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Frequently provisional restorations require long-term permanence in the oral cavity, thus an antibacterial effect is desirable. We hypothesized that this effect may be achieved by incorporating @entity10849 ( @entity8681 ) nanoparticles into provisional cements. METHODS: The nanoparticles antibacterial effect incorporated at 0.5%, 1%, and 2% w/w into provisional cement, was studied in vitro. The antibacterial effect against @entity6586 and @entity797 was tested using direct contact test. The data was analyzed using the ANOVA test, with the Dunnett test for @entity156 comparisons. RESULTS: A strong antibacterial effect was evident in all test groups after an aging period of 14 days against @entity6586 and @entity797 (p < 0.05). A significant effect was found between study groups 0.5% w/w and 1% w/w group, as well as between study groups 0.5% w/w and 2% w/w for @entity797 (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between study groups 1% w/w and 2% w/w. The growth rate graphs depict an effective bacteria inhibition starting from 1% w/w. CONCLUSION: @entity8681 nanoparticles incorporated at low concentrations in a provisional cement exhibit antibacterial effect against @entity6586 and @entity797 for a period of 14 days. The minimum effective concentration suggested is 1% w/w. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Incorporation of nanoparticles may prevent @entity1547 and @entity32 , and thereby improve the results of the prosthetic treatment. Further investigation is necessary on the effect on mechanical properties and clinical relevance.

title: Antibacterial effect of @entity10849 nanoparticles incorporated in provisional cements against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10849 :: ('MESH:D011094|MESH:C505405', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneimine']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pairwise']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: To characterize the antibodies that form glomerular immune deposits in @entity1988 , immunoglobulin (Ig) was eluted from the perfused kidney cortices of female MLR-lpr/lpr @entity19 with early @entity1310 . The eluted Ig was predominantly IgG with antibody activity against DNA, multiple polynucleotides, SmRNP, @entity15309 , and levan that was greater than the serum antibody activity of age- and sex-matched @entity19 . Of particular interest, both kidney eluate and serum anti-DNA antibodies were observed to cross-react with multiple polynucleotides; however, only the kidney eluate Ig cross-reacted with phospholipids and RNA. Furthermore, the anti-DNA antibodies in the kidney eluate also cross-reacted with SmRNP and @entity15309 ; these ligand-binding properties were shared by the Ig in the kidney eluate that did not bind to DNA; and both kidney eluate fractions shared Id-H130 activity (a high frequency MRL-1pr/1pr idiotype). In contrast, the spectrotypes of Ig in the kidney eluate were found to be similar to serum, and they were observed to be between isoelectric points 6.5 to 7.8. Both the anti-DNA antibodies and the Ig that did not bind to DNA had similar isoelectric points throughout this entire range. These findings indicate that polyreactivity is a distinguishing feature of nephritogenic autoantibodies. They also raise the possibility that these ligand-binding properties influence the capacity of autoantibodies to form immune deposits. This influence could occur because polyreactive antibodies cross-react with antigenic determinants within the normal glomerular capillary wall. Alternatively, polyreactive antibodies may more readily form circulating immune complexes that are, in turn, passively trapped within the glomerulus.

title: Polyreactive autoantibodies are nephritogenic in @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: In hair differentiation several families of keratin proteins with distinctive @entity535 compositions are produced. To study the role and regulation of one of these families, the @entity2228 / @entity669 -rich keratin-associated proteins encoded by the @entity18786 gene family, a partial wool follicle cDNA clone encoding a @entity742 @entity18786 protein was sequenced and the corresponding gene isolated from a @entity742 cosmid library. The @entity18786 gene encodes a basic protein of 82 @entity1522 (M(r) = 8,296) with a combined @entity2228 and @entity669 content of approximately 60 mol%. There are several @entity18786 genes in the @entity742 genome, all located within a 1,050-kilobase SfiI fragment. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that at least one member of the @entity18786 family is expressed in the wool follicle. A @entity95 @entity18786 gene was isolated and its sequence and expression patterns were compared with the @entity742 gene. The @entity742 and @entity95 genes have a @entity377 sequence identity of 89%, suggesting that they are equivalent genes and indicating strong selection pressure during evolution. Both genes contain several conserved sequence motifs of 7-9 nucleotides in their 5'-flanking regions that may be involved in the regulation of their expression. Localization of @entity18786 mRNAs in @entity742 wool and @entity95 hair follicles by in situ hybridization suggests that the genes are expressed in the cells of the hair shaft cortex in varying expression patterns. @entity18786 expression starts relatively late in hair follicle differentiation, and the proportion of hair cortical cells that express it may change from follicle to follicle.

title: Sequence, expression, and evolutionary conservation of a gene encoding a @entity2228 / XXXX -rich keratin-associated protein of hair.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety profile of adalimumab in @entity1 with severe, recalcitrant @entity102 , and to assess short-term overlapping of other systemic treatment with adalimumab to prevent flaring of disease. METHODS: This was a retrospective study comprising 39 @entity1 with @entity102 treated with adalimumab between October 2005 and January 2008. All had failed treatment with other systemic agents, including biological therapies in 59% of @entity1 . @entity1 were started on adalimumab 40 mg weekly or fortnightly, as clinically indicated. Severity of @entity1569 was assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Therapeutic response was assessed by 75% improvement on PASI (PASI 75). All adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: Results were analysed separately for those treated with adalimumab only and those on combination treatment. PASI 75 was achieved in 38% (8 of 21 @entity1 at week 16), 62% (13 of 21 @entity1 ) at week 24, 69% (9 of 13 @entity1 ) at week 48% and 71% (5 of 7 @entity1 ) at week 72 in the adalimumab-only group, compared with 56% (5 of 9 @entity1 ) at week 16, 50% (4 of 8 @entity1 ) at week 24, 80% (4 of 5 @entity1 ) at week 48% and 67% (2 of 3 @entity1 ) at week 72 in the combined group. Of the 39 @entity1 , 15 (38%) achieved a PASI of 0 at some point in their treatment. Adalimumab was well tolerated; 38% of @entity1 experienced side-effects, which were generally mild. CONCLUSION: Adalimumab was effective in a group of @entity1 with @entity1569 refractory to other systemic therapies, including biological treatments, and was well tolerated.

title: Adalimumab treatment for severe recalcitrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We want to establish a lobe-specific mediastinal lymphadenectomy protocol for solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 401 @entity1 with pathological diagnoses of @entity1149 who underwent lobectomy, bilobectomy, or pneumonectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy from March 2004 to June 2011 in our hospital. All of the @entity1 enrolled had a SPN preoperatively. Information about the primary @entity5 location, lymph node @entity3 , and other baseline data were collected. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify the key factors indicating non-regional mediastinal lymph node @entity3 (NRM). RESULTS: Of the @entity5 , 117, 39, 74, 104, and 67 were in the right upper lung (RUL), right middle lung (RML), right lower lung (RLL), @entity358 ( @entity358 ), and left lower lung (LLL), respectively. Stepwise regression showed that #2,4, #10,11, and #10,11 as well as #7 was the key lymph node station for RUL, @entity358 , and lower lobes: #2,4 [odds ratio (OR)=28.000, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.917-268.790, P=0.004] for RUL, #10,11 (OR=31.667, 95% CI: 2.502-400.833, P=0.008) for @entity358 , #10,11 (OR=19.540, 95% CI: 4.217-90.541, P<0.001) and #7 (OR=7.395, 95% CI: 1.586-34.484, P=0.011) for lower lobes, respectively. @entity1 with @entity5 >2 cm rarely had NRM without primary regional mediastinal involvement. CONCLUSIONS: With rigid consideration, a lobe-specific lymphadenectomy is feasible in practice. This protocol can be used when the lobe-specific key nodes are negative in intraoperative frozen sections, especially for @entity1149 diagnosed as @entity22553 cm preoperatively.

title: A lobe-specific lymphadenectomy protocol for solitary pulmonary nodules in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['LUL', 'left upper lung']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: In this study the mechanism responsible for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity1378 was investigated by standard cardiovascular exploration and echocardiography. Fifty four @entity1 (43 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 , mean age 44 years) were examined during, and after successful treatment of a @entity2743 episode associated with @entity2743 in 43 cases, with a secondarily toxic goitre in 7 cases and with a toxic @entity652 in 4 cases. Nineteen @entity1 presented with a @entity299 : @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ) in 11 (including 4 with @entity955 ) and another @entity13675 in 8 (including 4 with @entity955 ). Among the 34 @entity1 without @entity299 , only 2 had @entity955 during @entity2743 . In all groups the antero-posterior diameter of the left atrium was greater in @entity1 with @entity955 than in those with normal sinus rhythm, but it remained within normal limits in @entity1 with @entity3454 . It may be assumed that in these cases @entity955 resulted from synergism between the arrhythmogenic potential of @entity3454 and that of the thyroid hormones. In contrast, prior dilatation of the left atrium seemed to play a predominant role in @entity1 with another @entity13675 . The 4 @entity1 with @entity955 in the latter group remained with @entity955 after the @entity2743 was cured, whereas the 2 @entity1 without @entity299 and 3 of the 4 @entity3454 @entity1 reverted to sinus rhythm without anti-arrhythmic therapy or cardioversion. It is concluded that the presence of an underlying @entity299 accounts for most cases of @entity955 developed during @entity2743 , but in 1 out of 2 cases the @entity299 in a minor one, consisting of @entity3454 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity955 in @entity1378 . Incidence of associated XXXX and of dilatation of the left auricle].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity13675 :: (MESH:C536187,Disease) :: ['cardiopathy']


abstract: An isolated @entity95 aortic preparation, on which administered drugs act selectively from intimal or adventitial surface, was made. @entity1425 (0.1 nM approximately 10 microM) produced concentration-dependent increase of intraluminal pressure, which is due to increase of contraction of the vascular smooth muscle. Sensitivity of contractile response to @entity1425 administered from intimal surface was significantly higher than that administered from adventitial surface. The contractile response to @entity1425 administered from intimal surface was reduced by removal of the endothelium. @entity2072 (100 microM) potentiated the contractile response to @entity1425 administered from adventitial surface. @entity2072 also potentiated the contractile response to high concentration of @entity1425 administered from intimal surface, while the drug reduced the contractile response to low concentration of @entity1425 . @entity6693 (100 microM) administered from adventitial surface produced a marked contraction, while @entity6693 administered from intimal surface produced a marked relaxation. The relaxing response to @entity6693 administered from intimal surface was reduced by the removal of endothelium. @entity3159 (1 microM) suppressed the contractile response to @entity6693 administered from adventitial surface, indicating that @entity6693 released @entity1063 from adrenergic nerve terminals. The contractile response to @entity1425 administered from intimal surface was reduced by @entity6693 administered from intimal surface. The present study clearly demonstrated variation in mechanical response of isolated @entity95 aortic preparation with intimal or adventitial surface of drug entry.

title: Qualitatively different response of isolated @entity95 aorta to XXXX administered from intimal and adventitial surface.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue', 'Methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity6693 :: (MESH:D008751,Chemical) :: ['methylene blue']


abstract: @entity235 @entity3298 ( @entity3298 ) is an inflammatory reaction of sebaceous glands, potentially resulting in their complete loss. It is considered a T-cell-mediated disease, but its precise pathogenesis is still unknown. Topical treatment with oil soaks, humectants and shampoos is effective but laborious. @entity11635 ( @entity9472 ), an immunomodulatory drug, has recently been shown to ameliorate the clinical picture of @entity3298 and to reduce @entity32 greatly. It is, however, an expensive treatment option. The objective of this multicentre, partly double-blinded, randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity11635 , either alone or with topical therapy, in comparison to conventional topical treatment alone, as measured by the primary end-points @entity1665 and scaling, and multiple histopathological secondary objectives. Thirty-four @entity235 with an established diagnosis were treated for 4-6 months and were evaluated before, during and after therapy. Both @entity9472 and topical therapy demonstrated efficacy in this study. Differences between the treatment protocols were marginal. Topical treatment, both alone and in combination with @entity9472 , appeared to reduce scaling more effectively than @entity9472 alone. Both therapies reduced @entity1665 . There is evidence of a synergistic benefit on both scaling and @entity1665 , if both treatment options are combined. Inflammation of the sebaceous glands is also best reduced by a combination of both @entity9472 and topical therapy. There is evidence that regeneration of sebaceous glands is best achieved by @entity9472 , either given alone or in combination with topical treatment.

title: A multicentre placebo-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of oral XXXX in the treatment of @entity235 @entity3298 in comparison with conventional topical treatment.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sebaceous adenitis', 'ISA']

entities_list: @entity11635 :: ('CHEBI:4031', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin A', 'Ciclosporin A']

answer: @entity11635 :: (CHEBI:4031,Chemical) :: ['ciclosporin A']


abstract: The effect of exogenous @entity1954 (T3) as an activator of bone remodeling was investigated by measuring biochemical marker levels. Fourteen @entity1 received 100-160 micrograms of T3 for 1 week and were followed for a total of 10 weeks. Serum T3 increased markedly during the first week, whereas serum TSH and serum @entity1955 (T4) decreased. Bone resorption was stimulated during the first week as evaluated from serum @entity460 and renal excretion of @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity720 . Serum osteocalcin showed an increase in the first week, probably caused by stimulation of existing osteoblasts. Serum alkaline phosphatase increased from week 6 to week 8, and serum osteocalcin increased at week 8 to a level higher than the initial level. The results indicate that T3 acts as an activator of bone remodeling and initiates bone resorption followed by bone formation. The observed timetable for the remodeling sequence is in accordance with that obtained by bone histomorphometry. @entity6092 states may be treated by synchronizing the skeletal remodeling processes and then selectively depressing bone resorption with @entity175 or @entity171 (ADFR treatment). Synchronization may be achieved by short-term treatment with a drug that stimulates the formation rate of new remodeling cycles (an activator). The results from this study indicate that exogenous T3 may be used as an activator.

title: Exogenous XXXX activates bone remodeling.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['diphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['Osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome in placebo-treated @entity1 with @entity1569 . DATA SOURCES: Online search of MEDLINE and EMBASE until January 2001 and the Cochrane Library (2001, issue 1), supplemented by references, reviews, guidelines, and textbooks. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled induction of remission trials of @entity1 with chronic @entity1569 with systemic treatments with a placebo group not treated with antipsoriatic medication. Identified studies were examined by 2 independent reviewers. Through MEDLINE, 290 studies could be identified. Twenty-seven placebo-controlled studies were included (488 @entity1 ). DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers extracted data on first author, year of publication, design, comparison, placebo treatment, number of @entity1 , treatment duration, type of @entity1569 and baseline severity in the placebo group, mean relative change in outcome measures, and/or percentage of @entity1 with worsening of @entity1569 ; no change; minimal, moderate, or good improvement; or complete clearance. DATA SYNTHESIS: Owing to substantial heterogeneity and differences in the way outcomes were reported, no summary estimates could be obtained. The outcome of placebo treatment was poor in most studies. Some reported a mean relative change of 11% to 47%. The highest percentages of @entity1 ended up in the worsening, no change, or minimal improvement categories. Also, complete clearance was possible. No explanation for the differences in outcome between placebo groups could be found. Description of placebo groups was often insufficient. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of treatment in placebo groups varied across studies in an unpredictable way. To evaluate the variability, improvement of the standardization of study designs, entry criteria, and outcome measures is necessary in @entity1569 trials.

title: The course of chronic XXXX in placebo groups of randomized controlled studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['plaque-type psoriasis', 'psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['plaque-type psoriasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Most prognostic studies in differentiated @entity189 have included a high number of @entity1377 and few @entity189 , and not all of their conclusions therefore apply to the latter. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prognostic factors of @entity259 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Selection criteria: @entity1 with histological diagnosis of @entity189 who had undergone potentially curative surgery, had no disseminated disease at diagnosis, and had been followed up for at least 5 years. Study Variables: Tumor recurrence was defined as: 1) @entity5 lesions with cytological analysis suggesting @entity5 ) @entity1 with total thyroidectomy with @entity3745 levels >2 ng/mL. Clinical, therapeutic, and histological parameters were analyzed to assess prognostic factors. RESULTS: Recurrence was found in 25 (38%) of the 66 study @entity1 during a follow-up period of 99    38 months. Most @entity1 with recurrence (n=20) had increased Tg levels without anatomical location, and were initially treated with radioactive I131. In the remaining 5 cases, surgical excision of the lesion was performed, and three @entity1 required surgery during the follow-up period. Two @entity1 died due to the disease (3%), and two other @entity1 (3%) currently have distant metastases. Mean disease-free interval was 154    14 months, and rates of disease-free @entity1 at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years were 71, 58, 58, and 58% respectively. Clinical factors influencing recurrence included 1) age (p=0.0035); 2) sex (p=0.0114); and 3) cervical @entity158 (p=0.0026). Histological/surgical factors associated with recurrence included 1) infiltration into neighboring structures (p=0.0000); 2) type of @entity189 (p=0.0000); 3) size (p=0.0162); 4) vascular invasion (p=0.0085); and 5) adenopathies (p=0.046). In the multivariate study, cervical @entity158 (p=0.018) and extrathyroid invasion (p=0.045) continued to be significant factors. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity189 , rates of disease-free @entity1 are 71% at 5 years and 58% at 10 years, and the main predictive factors are presence of local clinical symptoms and infiltration into neighboring structures.

title: Prognostic factors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy and/or 2']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['follicular thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['follicular thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine racial-ethnic disparities in stressful life events before and during pregnancy and to assess the relationship between stressful life events and racial-ethnic disparities in @entity600 . STUDY DESIGN: Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of a sample of 33,542 @entity1 from 19 states who were delivered of a live-born @entity1 in 2000. Principal component analysis was used to group 13 stressful life events into 4 stress constructs: emotional, financial, partner-related, and traumatic. Racial-ethnic disparities in stressful life events were assessed with the use of bivariate and multivariate regression analyses. The contribution of stressful life events to racial-ethnic disparities in @entity600 was evaluated with the use of stepwise regression model and interaction terms. RESULTS: Black @entity1 and American Indian/Alaska Native @entity1 reported the highest number of stressful life events in the 12 months before delivery. Compared with non-Hispanic white @entity1 , black @entity1 were 24% more likely to report emotional stressors, 35% more likely to report financial stressors, 163% more likely to report partner-related stressors, and 83% more likely to report traumatic stressors. The addition of stress constructs to the stepwise regression model minimally affected the association between race-ethnicity and @entity600 , and none of the stress constructs were significantly associated with @entity600 . There were no significant interaction effects between race-ethnicity and stress on @entity600 , except for a modest effect between black race and traumatic stressors. CONCLUSION: There are significant racial-ethnic disparities in the experience of stressful life events before and during pregnancy. Stressful life events do not appear to contribute significantly to racial-ethnic disparities in @entity600 .

title: Racial and ethnic disparities in XXXX : the role of stressful life events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'women']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: Three experimental studies were done on the effects of increased concentrations of @entity1507 in the drinking water of weaned piglets and flattening @entity1707 throughout the weaning and fattening periods respectively on the experimental piggery in Raalte for @entity1707 in the northern and eastern Netherlands. To begin with, prospective studies were done in three times four individually housed experimental animals which were given 100, 200 and 500 mg of @entity1507 per litre of drinking water respectively throughout the fattening period. The results obtained were compared with the findings in twenty controls. When the weaned piglets were studied, two groups of weaned piglets, each consisting of an odd hundred piglets, fifty per cent of which served as an experimental group, the other fifty per cent serving as a group of controls, were compared. The experimental group was given drinking water to which 220 mg of @entity1507 per litre were added. When the fattening @entity1707 were studied, two groups, each consisting of seventy animals, were compared. Fifty per cent served as a control group and fifty per cent as an experimental group. The experimental groups were given drinking water to which 500 mg of @entity1507 per litre were added. The @entity1507 and @entity3542 levels of the drinking water supplied were measured at regular intervals. The studies in fattening @entity1707 included the examination of blood samples for the concentrations of haemoglobin and methaemoglobin halfway and at the conclusion of the periods. The additional @entity1507 in the drinking water did not have any negative effect on the haemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels of the drinking water or on the results obtained in these studies. Studies on meat and organs were done in five controls and five experimental animals from the fattening @entity1707 studied. Marked differences were not observed in any case. It is concluded that an increased concentration of @entity1507 in drinking water does not have any injurious effect on the health of and the results obtained in weaned piglets, provided the drinking water is of good quality in addition to having an increased @entity1507 level.

title: [Effects of the addition of increased nitrates to the drinking water of fattening XXXX and weaned piglets].

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report a case-series of seven @entity1 with a medical history of at least two years of @entity1765 treated with the partial @entity935 agonist @entity1770 to illustrate its efficacy as a treatment alternative for motor and vocal tics in @entity1 and adolescents. METHOD: A case series of five @entity1 with @entity4676 ( @entity4676 ) and two with @entity1765 (age range 8; 7-18; 1 year), the majority of whom had been refractory to treatment with other neuroleptics or had ceased treatment due to intolerable side effects, were treated for eight weeks with @entity1770 . Before and after treatment, parents rated the severity of motor and vocal tic symptoms on the Yale @entity4676 Checklist. RESULTS: Within eight weeks mean motor tic symptoms decreased by 66% and mean vocal tic symptoms decreased by 26%. Mean effective dosage was 14.3 mg/day (min. 5 mg, max. 30 mg). Symptoms of comorbid @entity71 or @entity3119 were not significantly influenced. During medication only mild side effects were observed, e.g., @entity490 , @entity1295 and increased emotional sensitivity. No @entity1 dropped out of treatment due to side effects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1770 may be an effective pharmacologic treatment alternative for individuals with @entity1765 and @entity4676 . It induces quick, significant and sustained effects with few generally mild and transient side effects, if anything. Its effectiveness, especially relative to comorbidities, should be verified in double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.

title: [ XXXX - a medical treatment alternative for @entity4676 in childhood and adolescence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['tic disorder', 'chronic motor tic disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['Obsessive Compulsive Disorder']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole', 'Aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Tourette Syndrome']

answer: @entity1770 :: (MESH:C094645,Chemical) :: ['Aripiprazole']


abstract: The proangiogenic @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) is essential for the development of new @entity5 vessels. @entity4733 is a novel inhibitor of @entity11132 ( @entity11132 ) @entity669 kinase activity, which also has additional activity against @entity12841 @entity669 kinase. The antitumor activity of different schedules of @entity4733 in a clinically relevant, metastasizing, @entity19 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) model was evaluated in this study. @entity1358 cells were inoculated into the left kidney of 24 @entity19 (day 0). Daily @entity4733 (50 mg/kg p.o.) treatment was initiated 1 day or 10 days after @entity5 cell inoculation and continued until day 21. Following treatment, kidney weight and volume were assessed and blood vessel density determined by @entity5231 staining. Visible metastases in the lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes were quantified using a dissection microscope. In an additional study, animals were treated according to the same regimen and quantitative three-dimensional microvascular corrosion casting was performed to enable detailed assessment of the @entity5 vascular architecture. Therapy initiated on day 1 or day 10 resulted in a 79% and 59% reduction in @entity5 volume, a 79% and 60% reduction in the number of lung metastases, and a 58% and 59% reduction in vessel density of @entity5 compared with the control group, respectively. Corrosion casting proved a 5.4- and 3.2-fold lower vascular volume compared with untreated @entity5 , observations that paralleled with significant architectural alterations. In this @entity1358 model, @entity4733 was a highly active inhibitor of @entity5 angiogenesis, @entity5 growth and @entity5 metastasis.

title: The XXXX receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor, @entity4733 , inhibits angiogenesis and affects microvascular architecture within an orthotopically implanted @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RENCA']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor-A', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1611 :: (22339(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity64 @entity1 with severe @entity912 are often bedridden in the acute and subacute phase, which increases the risk of @entity2057 in the chronic phase. The evidence to date indicates that oxidative stress plays an important role in the mechanism of @entity2057 . Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if long-term radical scavenger treatment with @entity4465 following an @entity64 prevents the progression of @entity2057 and improves leg locomotor function in the chronic phase. METHODS: This randomized controlled pilot study was conducted at 19 @entity64 and rehabilitation centers across Japan. Forty-seven @entity385 @entity1 with at least leg motor weakness admitted within 24 hours of onset were randomly assigned to receive continuous intravenous infusions of @entity4465 30 mg twice daily for 3 days (short-term group) or 10-14 days (long-term group). The primary endpoints of the study included the degree of leg @entity2057 , as measured by the percentage change from baseline in femoral muscle circumference 15 cm above the knee, and the improvement in leg locomotor function, as assessed by the maximum walking speed over 10 m, 3 months after the onset of @entity64 . RESULTS: Three-month follow-up was completed by a total of 41 @entity1 (21 in the short-term group and 20 in the long-term group). On admission, there was no significant difference in the severity of @entity64 or the grade of leg paresis between the two treatment groups. The grade of @entity2057 and incidence of gait impairment 3 weeks after @entity64 onset were also similar between the short- and long-term groups. However, @entity2057 of the paretic and non-paretic legs was significantly less severe in the long-term versus the short-term treatment group (3.6        5.9% and 1.5        6.0% vs 8.3        5.2% and 5.7        6.4%; p   <   0.01 and p   <   0.05) 3 months after @entity64 onset. Additionally, the maximum walking speed over a distance of 10 m was significantly greater in the long-term group (98        67 vs 54        55 cm/sec; p   <   0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity4465 treatment for up to 14 days suppresses the progression of @entity2057 and improves leg locomotor function to a greater extent than shorter-term treatment in @entity64 @entity1 . This suggests that the management of @entity64 may be improved with long-term @entity4465 therapy by providing myoprotective effects that ameliorate functional outcome in the chronic phase.

title: Effects of @entity4465 on @entity2057 and locomotor function in @entity1 with XXXX : a randomized controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity4465 :: ('MESH:C005435', 'Chemical') :: ['edaravone', 'Edaravone']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['disuse muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['leg paralysis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the results of arthroscopy performed on adults with @entity572 who did not respond to extended conservative treatment and to evaluate the relationship between clinical findings, radiologic tests and @entity854 . DESIGN: A case study. SETTING: New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, Mass. @entity1 : Fifty-nine @entity1 (32 @entity1 , 27 @entity1 ) with refractory @entity158 , between the ages of 17 and 69 years, who were seen between January 1989 and January 1992. INTERVENTION: Hip arthroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cause of @entity158 , results of physical examination and operative findings. RESULTS: In 26 @entity1 the cause of @entity158 was traumatic; in 21 the cause was idiopathic. On physical had @entity158 on straight leg examination, 56% of @entity1 reported @entity158 clicking of the hip joint, 37% had @entity158 on straight leg raising, 9% had decreased extension and 34% had had episodes of locking of the joint. Five percent had @entity158 predominantly in the thigh, 41% reported at least one episode of "giving way" of the hip and 7% had snapping of the iliotibial band. At arthroscopy, 69% of @entity1 had @entity603 in the hip joint, 59% had a tear of the acetabular labrum, 39% had loose bodies, 32% had degenerative @entity625 and 27% had a @entity154 . On statistical analysis, significant (p < 0.05) relationships were found between acetabular labral tears and preoperative complaints of clicking or giving way, between loose bodies and preoperative locking and between @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Arthroscopy of the hip is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for @entity1 with @entity158 refractory to conservative therapy.

title: The role of hip arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['chondral defect']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['surgical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'pain', 'painful', 'degeneration of the hip joint and thigh pain']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Change in signal intensity due to acute @entity385 can be detected on diffusion-weighted (DW) images soon after symptom onset. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) DW imaging suppresses signal intensity from water and has been suggested to be better than conventional DW imaging as a diagnostic imaging technique in @entity64 . We compared the signal intensity-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) between @entity63 and normal tissues by using these two sequences. METHODS: Twenty @entity64 @entity1 underwent imaging less than 6 hours after @entity64 onset by using both acquisition methods. The SNR of six regions of interest in normal brain and one region in @entity63 brain were compared on both DW imaging and FLAIR DW imaging. We also compared CNR in normal and @entity63 tissues. The calculated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from each acquisition technique were similarly assessed. RESULTS: The SNR was significantly lower for FLAIR DW imaging than for DW imaging (P < .05). The CNR between normal and @entity63 tissue was also lower on FLAIR DW imaging (P < .05). SNR and CNR of the ADC maps were significantly different (P < .05) for all tissues except the putamen and white matter (for SNR and CNR) and globus pallidus (for CNR only). CONCLUSION: Ischemic tissue on FLAIR DW imaging was significantly less conspicuous than on DW imaging and potentially limits the clinical utility of this sequence.

title: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery preparation: not an improvement over conventional diffusion-weighted imaging at 3T in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity302 may occur suddenly and unexpectedly. When no anatomic or chemically demonstrable cause for such a @entity204 is found at postmortem examination, the @entity204 may remain unexplained. Previous studies of general autopsy features in cases of @entity944 ( @entity944 ) have reported increased lung and liver weights, @entity3126 , @entity1560 , and small increases in heart weights. Neuropathologic findings include @entity2657 , lighter brain weights compared with age-matched controls, and various other structural @entity75 in 34% to almost 50% of cases. In an ongoing United Kingdom study, brains from 25 cases of @entity944 have been examined. @entity854 were identified in 70% of cases and included contusions, old @entity1188 , @entity131 , cortical @entity16490 , @entity1462 , @entity3271 , neurodegenerative @entity75 , and @entity4242 . Histopathologic findings include evidence of acute neocortical and @entity528 . Similar changes in hippocampal and basal ganglia neurones have also been observed. These changes indicate a cerebral event occurring at least 4-6 h before @entity204 and are at odds with a "sudden" @entity204 which, by definition, occurs within 1 h. Because many @entity944 cases are unwitnessed, the exact time sequence of events is often unknown. This study confirms the high incidence of structural @entity75 in @entity944 cases.

title: Neuropathologic findings in postmortem studies of XXXX in @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fatty change']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden unexpected death in epilepsy', 'SUDEP']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Macroscopic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem hypoxic neuronal changes']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: Evaluations of the toxic and teratogenic effects of four @entity17072 , @entity8574 , @entity9308 , @entity4605 , and @entity8774 , have been made on amphibian ( @entity1238 ) embryos. For @entity137 testing, the embryos were divided into three groups according to stage of development: Group I were mid-blastulae, Group II were tailbud embryos, and Group III were swimming larvae. Of the @entity4478 tested, @entity8574 and @entity8774 were the most toxic, followed by @entity9308 and @entity4605 . Ninety six hr LC50 values for @entity8574 , @entity8774 , @entity9308 , and @entity4605 were 4.5, 95, 150, and 1090 mg/L, respectively, for Group III larvae. Except for @entity8574 , where embryos in all three groups were about equally affected, those in Group II were less sensitive to the other @entity4478 than those in Groups I and III. Group I embryos were exposed to all four @entity4478 to determine their teratogenicity. The @entity4478 were ranked in order to decreasing teratogenicity: @entity8574 , @entity8774 , @entity9308 , and @entity4605 having 96-hr EC50 values of 2.4, 29, 370, and 1200 mg/L, respectively. Electron microscopic examination of Group III larvae exposed to these @entity4478 reveals pathology of the spinal cord and musculature. This damage was correlated with immobility of the larvae. The uptake of @entity8574 was followed in larvae (Group III) exposed to 5 mg/L and was found to reach a maximum level of about 85 mg/g wet weight in about one hr. Depuration kinetics were characterized by a rapid loss of 70% of the total @entity8574 within 45 min. @entity8574 was undetectable after two hr. These data suggest that @entity8574 , @entity9308 , and @entity8774 have toxic and teratogenic effects at sufficiently low concentrations as to make them potential environmental hazards.

title: XXXX and teratogenic effects of selected @entity17072 on embryos of the amphibian @entity1238 .

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine', 'Acridine']

entities_list: @entity4605 :: ('MESH:C023666', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity17072 :: ('CHEBI:33860', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amines']

entities_list: @entity8774 :: ('MESH:C037219', 'Chemical') :: ['quinoline']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxic']


abstract: Invasive @entity513 of the breast (IDC) are routinely assessed on @entity1710 and @entity1711 stained paraffin sections, with limited use of immunohistochemistry (IHC). Most IDC are regarded as a single diagnostic entity, IDC of no special type (IDC-NST), which is subdivided further only by grading. However, recent research suggests that there is high clinical relevance in differentiating IDC subtypes. Here, we ascertain whether @entity5 histology alone can predict basal or luminal cell phenotype in high-grade IDC-NST, and whether IHC and molecular characteristics are associated with the observed morphologies. A total of 29 grade 3 IDC-NST samples were studied, 10 @entity5 from a selected pilot cohort A and 19 @entity5 from an unselected validation cohort B. Along with histopathological assessment, the expression of @entity1782 , @entity7273 , @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ), the basal/myoepithelial marker @entity4206 ( @entity4206 ), @entity4205 ( @entity14371 ( @entity6881 ), and the luminal-specific cytokeratins 8/18 ( @entity14372 ( @entity4166 ) was assessed by IHC. Hierarchical cluster analysis of clinicopathological variables and, separately, microarray expression profiles showed that the phenotypically distinctive @entity5 of cohort A fell into two main groups, defined by heterogeneous or uniformly positive expression of @entity10585 /18. The 38 genes differentially expressed between these two classes included @entity1722 , @entity10585 , and six other genes previously associated with @entity1722 -positive or luminal phenotypes. @entity5 histology was not predictive for validation cohort B, but quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed two molecularly defined clusters that again aligned with the @entity10585 /18 staining phenotypes. Metaphase comparative genomic hybridization revealed 10q, 16q, and 20q copy-number imbalances that associated recurrently with @entity10585 /18 staining patterns.

title: Cytokeratin XXXX /18 expression differentiates distinct subtypes of grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'basaloid and luminal tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity10585 :: (3856,Gene) :: ['KRT8']


abstract: Although @entity4501 and @entity1152 ( @entity10859 -EA) are surgically correctable, late @entity1576 have been reported. We administered a respiratory and gastrointestinal symptom questionnaire and performed standard pulmonary function tests (PF T's) and @entity2710 challenge testing on an unselected group of 25 subjects with @entity10859 -EA who underwent surgery at our institution between 1963 and 1985. Results were compared to predicted normals, as well as 10 sibling controls. While the mean values of lung function test results for the @entity10859 -EA group were within the normal range, they were significantly different from their siblings. Thirteen of the 25 @entity10859 -EA group (52%), but none (0%) of the controls, had @entity358 . This was classified as restrictive in 9 (36%), obstructive in 3 (12%), and mixed in 1. In addition, @entity1224 [defined as a positive @entity2710 challenge (PC20 < or = 8 mg/mL)], was found in 6 of 18 @entity10859 -EA subjects and 4 of the 9 controls who were evaluated. Comparison of @entity10859 -EA subjects with normal and abnormal PFTs showed no difference in the incidence of @entity825 , @entity3332 or dilatation, recurrent @entity55 , or @entity354 . The respiratory symptom score in the subjects and controls was similar, and did not correlate with @entity358 . The cause of the @entity358 remains unexplained.

title: Late pulmonary function following repair of @entity4501 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity825 :: ('MESH:D055090', 'Disease') :: ['tracheomalacia']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal strictures']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal pulmonary function', 'pulmonary function abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: We investigated whether similar increments in venous plasma @entity1063 (NE) concentration caused by exercise and by intravenous NE infusion will elevate plasma @entity17402 (NES) to similar concentrations. In randomized order venous plasma NE concentration was elevated to similar concentrations by bicycle exercise (BE; 65% VO(2)max) and by intravenous NE infusion at rest ( @entity17403 ; 0.14 microg/min/kg). N = 11 subjects participated in the study. Increments in plasma NE and the area under curve of plasma NE were similar during BE (11.2 +/- 1.3 nM; 411 +/- 23 nM/min; means +/- S.E.) and @entity17403 (12.6 +/- 1.9 nM; 429 +/- 27 nM/min). Plasma NES was significantly elevated to similar concentrations with BE (from 5.7 +/- 1.0 to 8.5 +/- 1.3 nM) and with @entity17403 (from 5.6 +/- 0.9 to 8.9 +/- 1.0 nM). Plasma NE and NES concentration during control conditions remained unchanged. Heart rate decreased significantly to 43 +/- 1 beats/min with @entity17403 and increased significantly to 162 +/- 3 beats/min with BE. Systolic blood pressure increased with both, @entity17403 , respectively). Present findings firstly show that intravenously infused NE is sulfoconjugated in @entity1 , indicating that a major part of NE is sulfoconjugated in blood or at sites easily accessible from blood. Secondly, plasma NE may be a useful additional marker for NES release.

title: Effect of differently induced plasma @entity1063 increments on XXXX formation.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity17402 :: ('MESH:C017574', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine sulfate']

answer: @entity17402 :: (MESH:C017574,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine sulfate']


abstract: BackgroundFor each hour of delay from fist medical contact until reperfusion in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) there is a 10% increase in risk of @entity204 and @entity712 . The aim of this review is to describe the impact of the direct admission of @entity1 with @entity583 to a Catheterisation laboratory (cath lab) as compared with transport to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with regard to delays and outcome.MethodsDatabases were searched for from April-June 2012 and updated January 2014: 1) Pubmed; 2) Embase; 3) Cochrane Library; 4) ProQuest Nursing and 5) Allied Health Sources. The search was restricted to studies in English, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian languages.The intervention was a protocol-based clinical pre-hospital pathway and main outcome measurements were the delay to balloon inflation and hospital mortality.ResultsMedian delay from door to balloon was significantly shorter in the intervention group in all 5 studies reported. Difference in median delay varied between 16  minutes and 47  minutes.In all 7 included studies the time from symptom onset or first medical contact to balloon time was significantly shorter in the intervention group. The difference in median delay varied between 15  minutes and 1  hour and 35  minutes. Only two studies described hospital mortality. When combined the risk of @entity204 was reduced by 37%.ConclusionAn overview of available studies of the impact of a protocol-based pre-hospital clinical pathway with direct admission to a cath lab as compared with the standard transport to the @entity341 in ST-elevation AMI suggests the following. The delay to the start of revascularisation will be reduced. The clinical benefit is not clearly evidence based. However, the documented association between system delay and outcome defends the use of the pathway.

title: The impact of direct admission to a catheterisation lab/CCU in @entity1 with XXXX on the delay to reperfusion and early risk of @entity204 : results of a systematic review including meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Among @entity1 with upper @entity5 , intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) can improve dose distributions to critical dose-limiting structures near the target. Whether these improved dose distributions are associated with decreased @entity137 when compared with conventional three-dimensional treatment remains a subject of investigation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 46 @entity1 with @entity788 were treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) using inverse-planned IMRT. All @entity1 received CRT based on @entity1487 in a schema similar to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 97-04. Rates of acute @entity344 for this series of IMRT-treated @entity1 were compared with those from RTOG 97-04, where all @entity1 were treated with three-dimensional conformal techniques. Chi-square analysis was used to determine if there was a statistically different incidence in @entity344 between these two groups of @entity1 . RESULTS: The overall incidence of Grade 3-4 @entity344 was low in @entity1 receiving IMRT-based CRT. When compared with @entity1 who had three-dimensional treatment planning (RTOG 97-04), IMRT significantly reduced the incidence of Grade 3-4 @entity390 and @entity391 (0% vs. 11%, p = 0.024) and @entity294 (3% vs. 18%, p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in the incidence of Grade 3-4 weight loss between the two groups of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: IMRT is associated with a statistically significant decrease in acute upper and lower @entity344 among @entity1 treated with CRT for @entity788 . Future clinical trials plan to incorporate the use of IMRT, given that it remains a subject of active investigation.

title: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy significantly improves @entity344 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic/ampullary cancers', 'pancreatic/ampullary cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity', 'gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity', 'acute GI toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic and ampullary cancers']


abstract: The facial nerve @entity808 is a rare @entity5 and it seldom extends into the middle cranial fossa. The typical clinical presentations are progressive @entity3541 and @entity2167 . We report here a case of huge @entity2103 extending into the middle cranial fossa without @entity3541 . A 50-year-old @entity1 presented with left @entity2167 . Neurological examination on admission revealed no deficits except for @entity1274 . MRI demonstrated a @entity5 extending into the ddle cral fossa from the petrous bone CT the middle cranial fossa from the petrous bone. CT of the temporal bone showed destruction of the surrounding bone around the geniculate ganglion and invasion of the @entity5 into the tympanic cavity and internal auditory canal. The @entity5 was totally removed and the operative specimen demonstrated that the @entity5 was a @entity808 . The @entity1 was discharged without @entity51 . The facial nerve @entity808 extending into the middle cranial fossa without @entity3541 is rare and only 4 cases have been reported in the literature. The @entity5 origin was in the greater superficial petrosal nerve and geniculate ganglion. The symptom is conductive @entity393 caused by the @entity5 extending into the tympanic cavity. We should bear in mind that there is a also rare type of facial nerve @entity808 manifesting @entity2167 alone.

title: [Huge facial nerve @entity808 extending into the middle cranial fossa without XXXX : case report].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disturbance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic tumor', 'intracranial tumor']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nere facial nerve schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial palsy']


abstract: Although thymosins have been demonstrated to have immunomodulatory effects, it is still not clear whether they could affect dendritic cells (DCs), the most professional antigen-presenting cells. The objective of this study was to determine the effect and potential mechanisms of @entity10136 -alpha1 (Talpha1) on DC differentiation and functional maturation. @entity1 peripheral blood @entity5750 (+) monocytes were purified by using a magnetic separation column and cultured with @entity2841 and @entity3646 to differentiate into immature DCs (iDCs). In the presence of Talpha1, iDC surface markers @entity2936 , @entity7938 , MHC class I and class II molecules were significantly upregulated as measured by flow cytemotry analysis. However, @entity10137 or Tbeta10 did not show these effects on iDCs. There was an approximately 30% reduction in antigen ( @entity2823 -conjugated dextran)-uptake by Talpha1-treated iDCs as compared with non-Talpha1-treated iDCs. In addition, Talpha1-treated matured DCs (mDCs) showed an increased stimulation of allogeneic CD3(+) T-cell proliferation as measured by a mixed-lymphocyte reaction assay. Talpha1-treated mDCs also increased the production of several @entity1198 - and Th2-type cytokines as measured by a Bio-Plex cytokine assay. Furthermore, rapid activation of @entity1435 MAPK and @entity2451 was seen in Talpha1-treated iDCs as measured by a Bio-Plex phosphoprotein assay. Thus, Talpha1 significantly enhances DC differentiation, activation, and functions from @entity1 peripheral blood @entity5750 (+) monocytes possibly through a mechanism of the activation of @entity1435 MAPK and @entity2451 pathways. This study provides a basis to further evaluate Talpha1 as a possible adjuvant for a DC-directed vaccine or therapy.

title: @entity10136 -alpha1 modulates dendritic cell differentiation and functional maturation from @entity1 peripheral blood XXXX + monocytes.

answer: @entity5750 :: (929,Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The TOPAS (thrombolysis or peripheral artery surgery) trial randomized 544 @entity1 with @entity63 to either surgery or thrombolysis. Although statistically equivalent 1-year morbidities and mortalities were demonstrated, the comparative cost-effectiveness of these two interventions has not been explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We constructed a Markov decision-analytic model to determine the cost-effectiveness of thrombolysis relative to surgery for a hypothetical cohort of @entity1 with @entity432 . Our measure of outcome was the cost-effectiveness ratio (CER), defined as the incremental lifetime cost per quality-adjusted life year gained. Estimates of 1-year outcomes were based on the TOPAS trial: mortality (lysis, 20%; surgery, 17%), amputation (lysis, 15%; surgery, 13%), the number of additional interventions required following the initial procedure (lysis, 544; surgery, 439). Procedural costs were estimated from the cost accounting system at the New York Presbyterian Hospital as well as from the literature. RESULTS: Operative intervention for @entity432 extended life and was less costly compared to thrombolysis. The projected life expectancy for @entity1 who underwent initial surgery was 5.04 years versus 4.75 years for initial thrombolysis. The lifetime costs were  57,429 for surgery versus  dollar;76,326 for thrombolysis. In performing sensitivity analyses, a threshold CER of  60,000 was considered what society would pay for accepted medical interventions. Thrombolysis became cost-effective if the 1-year mortality rate for lysis was lowered from 20 to 10.7%, if the amputation rate for lysis diminished from 15 to 3.9%, or if the 1-year cost of lysis could be reduced to a level below  13,000. CONCLUSIONS: Initial surgery provides the most efficient and economical utilization of resources for @entity432 . The high cost of thrombolysis is related to the expense of the lytic agents, the need for subsequent interventions in @entity1 treated with initial lysis, and the long-term costs of amputation in @entity1 who fail lytic therapy.

title: Is thrombolysis of lower extremity acute XXXX cost-effective?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute lower extremity arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute lower extremity ischemia']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate a diagnostic value of transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) in appropriately anticoagulated patients with a non-valvular @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and to establish possible additional indications for TEE; to evaluate the incidence of left atrial (LA) thrombi in appropriately anticoagulated patients in daily clinical practice. METHODS: This retrospective study analyses data of 432 patients who had been anticoagulated by means of oral anticoagulants (OACs) prior to planned cardioversion during the period from 2012 to 2015. @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ) and @entity548 risks were assessed using CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiograms were evaluated. @entity1031 complications during 30 days after discharge were assessed. RESULTS: 432 patients were selected, aged from 22 to 89 years (mean 65.0   11.5), 277 (64.1%) males and 155 (35.9%) females, 306 (70.8%) on @entity1229 and 126 (29.2%) on non- @entity2067 antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC). Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.5   1.5. TEE was performed for 120 (27.8%) patients, more frequently for patients on NOACs and for ones with III   LA enlargement. TEE revealed LA thrombi in seven (5.8%) of the patients. In @entity1229 and NOACs groups thrombi were revealed in five (7.0%) and two (4.1%) patients, respectively.   TEE did not reveal any thrombi in patients with normal left ventricular (LV) function; however, thrombi were found in two (6.1%) patients with slightly decreased LV function, and in five (17.9%) patients with markedly decreased LV function. In patients with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) thrombi in LA were found more frequently than in patients with normal and slightly decreased LVEF (17.9% vs 2.2%, p=0.008). CHA2DS2-VASc score of all 7 patients was >= 5. None of the patients after cardioversion had @entity1031 complications 30 days after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of LA thrombi in patients prepared for scheduled cardioversion in line with the guidelines is low. Higher risk of thrombi was present in patients with decreased LVEF (<= 40%), CHA2DS2-VASc >= 5. In order to assess more accurately indications to perform TEE for appropriately anticoagulated patients prior to scheduled cardioversion a study with larger number of patients is required.

title: Findings of transoesophageal echocardiogram in appropriately anticoagulated patients with persistent XXXX prior to planned cardioversion.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The effects of a continuous iv infusion (osmotic minipumps) of angiotensin II (80 ng . kg-1 . min-1) and @entity3044 (10 ng . kg-1 . min-1) lasting 28 days were studied in six normotensive, conscious @entity235 . The parameters measured were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, levels of angiotensin II, @entity1122 activity, @entity1369 and antidiuretic hormone in plasma, baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and body weight. The treatment resulted in an approximately sevenfold increase in plasma @entity11502 level from 62.9 +/- 24.5 pg . ml-1 to 455.3 +/- 95.6 pg . ml-1. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, measured for the first time 2 days after implanting the minipumps, were markedly increased throughout the infusion period (pretreatment value: 123.8 +/- 5.3/68.3 +/- 3.8 mmHg; after 2 days: 159.8 +/- 12.0/100.5 +/- 9.8 mmHg; after 28 days: 159.8 +/- 7.1/98.3 +/- 6.4 mmHg, whereas the heart rate remained unchanged due to the combined effects of angiotensin II and the concomitantly given @entity3044 . A high correlation was found between angiotensin II level in plasma and mean arterial blood pressure (r = 0.846; p less than 0.001). Furthermore, plasma @entity1122 activity was markedly suppressed by the treatment, and @entity1369 levels rose. Plasma antidiuretic hormone levels were found to be unchanged at the chosen sampling time. A decrease in baroreceptor reflex sensitivity accompanied the development of the @entity101 state. There was also a loss of body weight during the infusion of angiotensin II and @entity3044 . The data provide evidence for the usefulness of the presented experimental protocol as an alternative model of arterial @entity101 in chronically instrumented, conscious @entity235 .

title: Angiotensin-induced @entity101 in conscious XXXX : biochemical parameters and baroreceptor reflex.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Objective of the study is to investigate the role of clotting screen in adult @entity1 presenting with @entity1415 . The study is a prospective case series done in a teaching hospital in the Northeast of Scotland. Prospective data was collected for 100 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1415 admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology over 1 year (2006-2007 August). The demographics, co-morbidities, long-term medications and blood test results were noted for these @entity1 . A retrospective audit of all @entity1 attending the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with @entity1415 during the same study period was also performed. The following were measured: frequency of clotting screen performed in @entity1 with @entity1415 ; the treatment modifying effect of clotting screen results. Of the 100 admitted @entity1 , 45 were male and 55 were female. The majority of them had more than two co-morbidities such as @entity101 , @entity299 and @entity955 . Forty-seven @entity1 were on @entity117 , 19 on @entity1229 and 12 @entity1 on @entity1397 . A clotting screen was done for 80 @entity1 but only 2 @entity1 (2.5%) had an abnormal INR. A total of 356 @entity1 presented to the @entity341 with @entity1415 . Of 356 @entity1 , 138 (39%) had their clotting screen checked. Of 138 @entity1 , 42 (30%) were on @entity1229 . Only 7 @entity1 (7/138 = 5%) had an abnormal result. Our data suggests that routine clotting screen check does not alter the @entity1415 management in @entity1 with no risk factors or with stable @entity1229 dosage. Therefore, routine clotting screen in @entity1 with @entity1415 without relevant risk factors is not an evidence-based practice.

title: Routine clotting screen has no role in the management of XXXX : reiterating the point.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['epistaxis']


abstract: A 30-yr-old @entity1 was found to have intractable @entity4053 associated with @entity694 metastatic to the liver. Analysis of @entity413 requirements before death revealed a level of @entity413 turnover in excess of 12.9 mg/kg X min, consistent with maximally stimulated whole body @entity413 utilization. This high level of @entity413 turnover was present at a time when plasma immunoreactive @entity2690 was very low. @entity2690 binding was measured in freshly isolated circulating mononuclear cells before death and in plasma membranes prepared from several tissues obtained at autopsy. A 3- to 5-fold increase in @entity8277 number was found in the mononuclear cells and liver and muscle plasma membranes. In contrast, skin fibroblasts maintained in tissue culture demonstrated no increase in @entity2690 binding, thus suggesting that the increase in @entity2690 receptors in freshly isolated tissues was acquired rather than intrinsic. Antibodies directed against the @entity8277 were not present. The patient's serum concentration of @entity2690 -like growth factor I was low, but the serum level of nonsuppressible @entity2690 -like protein was elevated. Serum bioassayable @entity2690 -like activity was decreased. Based on @entity5 bulk at autopsy and in vitro analysis of @entity413 transport by his @entity5 cells maintained in monolayer tissue culture, it was estimated that his @entity5 could directly account for less than one third of the whole body @entity413 requirement. These data suggest that the increased tissue utilization of @entity413 in this hypoglycemic @entity1 was caused by proliferation of @entity2690 receptors in liver and muscle induced by his nonislet cell @entity5 through an unknown humoral mechanism(s).

title: XXXX proliferation: a mechanism for @entity5 -associated @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8277 :: (3643,Gene) :: ['Insulin receptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to externally validate the value of survivin as a prognostic marker for @entity150 in a large multi-institutional cohort of @entity1 treated with radical cystectomy. METHODS: The study comprised 726 @entity1 treated with radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Survivin staining and scoring were done with automated systems coupled with advanced color detection software. Specimens showing at least 10% reactivity were considered altered. Predictive accuracy was quantified using the concordance index and 200-bootstrap resamples were used to reduce overfit bias. RESULTS: Survivin was an independent predictor of disease recurrence and @entity5 -specific survival in multivariable analyses that controlled for the effects of standard clinicopathologic features (hazard ratios, approximately 1.6; P values < or = 0.002). In all @entity1 (n = 726), addition of survivin to a model including standard clinicopathologic variables did not improve its predictive accuracy (P = 0.67 for disease recurrence and P = 0.27 for @entity5 -specific survival). In the subgroup of @entity1 with pT(1-3)N(0)M(0) disease (n = 398), addition of survivin improved the accuracy of standard clinicopathologic features for prediction of disease recurrence and @entity5 -specific survival (1.3%, P < 0.001 and 1.2%, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Survivin expression improves our accuracy for prediction of @entity5 recurrence and survival in pT(1-3)N(0)M(0) @entity1 by a small but statistically significant margin. Our findings support the need for further evaluation of survivin and its signaling pathways as well as survivin-targeted therapies in @entity150 .

title: Survivin as a prognostic marker for XXXX : a multicenter external validation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity751 is a recently described uncommon disorder in the elderly @entity1 ; in the initial reports, it was characterized by an excellent prognosis with total remission. In contrast with @entity309 and @entity2760 rheumatic, it has been related to HLA B7. Further works have questioned its benign nature and even that it is a new entity. Our objective was to study the clinico-biological characteristics, therapy, and clinical course in @entity1 with RS3PE attended at our clinic. METHODS: Retrospective descriptional study of @entity1 with RS3PE attended in our clinic from January 1992 to December 1998 following the inclusion criteria proposed by Oliv   et al. For all @entity1 , the following determinations and studies were performed: complete blood count, ESR, serum biochemistry, two measurements of rheumatoid factor (RF), and X-ray. Class I HLA typing was determined in five cases. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were found (6 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 68.7 years. The @entity625 was more common at @entity806 , wrists, shoulder, and @entity2761 in hands. Four @entity1 had @entity2762 of the hand flexors. ESR (mean: 69.3) and RCP (mean: 49.7) were increased in most cases. Seven @entity1 had @entity491 . @entity1530 7 was positive for 4 out of five @entity1 . All @entity1 were treated with low-dose @entity288 , with a mean length of 9.5 months. Three @entity1 had relapses. During follow-up after therapy had been completed, none of the @entity1 had other diseases. CONCLUSIONS: @entity751 involves elderly @entity1 and its clinical course is characterized by sudden onset seronegative symmetrical polysynovitis, with pitting @entity4 over the hand dorsum and less commonly over the pretibial region. In most cases, a marked @entity2763 and @entity491 were observed. Therapy with low-dose @entity288 is effective; sometimes however, it is necessary to add antimalarial agents. The three @entity1 who relapsed had underlying diseases: @entity1072 , @entity244 , and liver @entity82 , respectively. The diagnosis of RS3PE should be obtained a posteriori, after a prolonged follow-up of the @entity1 . Atypical cases, with evolution towards other @entity1503 or as paraneoplastic manifestation, have been reported.

title: [ XXXX or benign @entity4 in the elderly. Study of 8 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic or hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2763 :: ('MESH:D000210', 'Disease') :: ['acute-phase reaction']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['RS3PE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['RS3PE syndrome']


abstract: The overall 5-year mortality of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 aged under 65 years and associated risk factors were examined with a population-based study in a primary care setting. At the baseline, @entity6 @entity1 were asked of existing @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity101 , and checked for body mass index (BMI), glycemic control, lipid values and overnight @entity633 . Of 381 identified @entity2175 @entity1 , 252 (66%) participated in the study. The median age was 58 (range 36-64) years, BMI 30.5 (S.D. 5.5) kg/m2 and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c 8.7 (S.D. 2.0)%. Overall 5-year mortality was 8.3%. Factors associated with mortality were male gender, low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , initial @entity301 and @entity633 > or = 20 microg/min. In Cox regression analysis, combination of @entity301 and @entity633 had the highest relative risk for mortality (RR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.63-7.19, P = 0.001), adjusted for gender and age. @entity633 was associated with @entity301 only in male @entity2175 @entity1 . In primary health care, physicians should be aware that combination of @entity301 and (micro) @entity633 is a major predictor of mortality in @entity2175 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and other risk factors for mortality in @entity1 with @entity2175 aged under 65 years: a population-based prospective 5-year study.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['Albuminuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intra/extra-aneurysmal stent placement for treatment of complex and wide-necked bifurcation @entity439 has been previously described. However, this technique has been rarely reported in the treatment of dissecting @entity439 with incorporated vessels. We assess the feasibility and effectiveness of intra/extra-aneurysmal stent-assisted coil @entity887 in the treatment of those @entity438 . METHODS: Between January 2009 and April 2010, nine consecutive @entity1 with wide-necked or dissecting @entity439 with incorporated vessels underwent endovascular treatment using intra/extra-aneurysmal stent-assisted coiling at our institution. We assessed the clinical history, morphologic features of the @entity439 , treatment results, and follow-up. RESULTS: All Neuroform stents were successfully deployed in this series. Of the nine @entity439 treated with stent-assisted @entity887 , complete occlusion was achieved in seven @entity439 , nearly complete in one, and incomplete was present in one. There was no procedure-related complication in this series. Angiographic follow-up results of eight @entity1 (mean, 8.6 months) showed continued obliteration of the @entity439 in six @entity1 , @entity432 in two @entity1 , and the two @entity1 received second treatment. On the modified Rankin Scale applied in follow-up, all @entity1 were assessed as functionally improved or of stable clinical status. CONCLUSIONS: Intra/extra-aneurysmal stent placement and subsequent coil @entity887 may be effective for the treatment of selected @entity1 with @entity438 . Short-term follow-up data indicate good durability of stent-assisted @entity439 . However, further study with longer follow-up and larger case series is necessary for validation of the efficacy of this treatment modality.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX using intra/extra-aneurysmal stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['complex intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['complex intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In September, 2008, the European Acute @entity64 Study III (ECASS III) randomised trial and the Safe Implementation of Treatment in @entity64 -International @entity64 Thrombolysis Registry (SITS-ISTR) observational study reported the efficacy and safety of the extension of the time window for intravenous alteplase treatment from within 3 h to within 4.5 h after @entity64 onset. We aimed to assess the implementation of the wider time window, its effect on the admission-to-treatment time, and safety and functional outcome in @entity1 recorded in SITS-ISTR. METHODS: @entity1 treated according to the criteria of the European Summary of Product Characteristics, except for the time window, were included. @entity1 were grouped according to whether they were registered into SITS-ISTR before or after October, 2008. We measured admission-to-treatment time and rates of symptomatic @entity1779 , mortality, and functional independence at 3 months. FINDINGS: 23 942 @entity1 were included in SITS-ISTR between December, 2002, and February, 2010, of whom 2376 were treated 3-4.5 h after symptom onset. The proportion of @entity1 treated within 3-4.5 h by the end of 2009 was three times higher than in the first three quarters of 2008 (282 of 1293 [22%] vs 67 of 1023 [7%]). The median admission-to-treatment time was 65 min both for @entity1 registered before and after October, 2008 (p=0.94). 352 (2%) of 21 204 @entity1 treated within 3 h and 52 (2%) of 2317 treated within 3-4.5 h of @entity64 had symptomatic @entity1779 at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.44, 95% CI 1.05-1.97; p=0.02). 2287 (12%) of 18 583 @entity1 who were treated within 3 h and 218 (12%) of 1817 who were treated within 3-4.5 h had died by the 3-month follow-up (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07-1.49; p=0.005); 10 531 (57%) of 18 317 @entity1 treated within 3 h of @entity64 and 1075 (60%) of 1784 who were treated within 3-4.5 h were functionally independent at 3 months (adjusted OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.95; p=0.005). INTERPRETATION: Since October, 2008, thrombolysis within 3-4.5 h after @entity64 has been implemented rapidly, with a simultaneous increase in the number of @entity1 treated within 3 h; admission-to-treatment time has not increased. Safety and functional outcomes are less favourable after 3 h, but the wider time window now offers an opportunity for treatment of those @entity1 who cannot be treated earlier. Thrombolysis should be initiated within 4.5 h after onset of @entity64 , although every effort should be made to treat @entity1 as early as possible after symptom onset. FUNDING: Boehringer Ingelheim, Ferrer, the European Union Public Health Executive Authority, and Medical Training and Research ( @entity2928 ) from Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet.

title: Implementation and outcome of thrombolysis with alteplase 3-4.5 h after an acute XXXX : an updated analysis from SITS-ISTR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the recognized health effects of visceral fat, the understanding of how diet can modulate changes in the phenotype "waist circumference for a given body mass index (WC(BMI))", a proxy measure of @entity10478 , is deemed necessary. Hence, the objective of the present study was to assess the association between dietary factors and prospective changes in @entity10478 as measured by changes in the phenotype WC(BMI). METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analyzed data from 48,631 @entity1 and @entity1 from 5 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Anthropometric measurements were obtained at baseline and after a median follow-up time of 5.5 years. WC(BMI) was defined as the residuals of waist circumference regressed on body mass index, and annual change in WC(BMI) (DeltaWC(BMI), cm/y) was defined as the difference between residuals at follow-up and baseline, divided by follow-up time. The association between energy, @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ), macronutrients, @entity167 , glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), fibre and DeltaWC(BMI) was modelled using centre-specific adjusted linear regression, and random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled estimates. @entity1 and @entity1 with higher @entity2101 and GI diets showed significant increases in their WC(BMI), compared to those with lower @entity2101 and GI [1 kcal/g greater @entity2101 predicted a DeltaWC(BMI) of 0.09 cm (95% CI 0.05 to 0.13) in @entity1 and 0.15 cm (95% CI 0.09 to 0.21) in @entity1 ; 10 units greater GI predicted a DeltaWC(BMI) of 0.07 cm (95% CI 0.03 to 0.12) in @entity1 and 0.06 cm (95% CI 0.03 to 0.10) in @entity1 ]. Among @entity1 , lower fibre intake, higher GL, and higher @entity167 consumption also predicted a higher DeltaWC(BMI). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that a diet with low GI and @entity2101 may prevent @entity10478 , defined as the prospective changes in WC(BMI). Additional effects may be obtained among @entity1 of low @entity167 , low GL, and high fibre intake.

title: Dietary determinants of changes in waist circumference adjusted for body mass index - a proxy measure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['visceral adiposity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['energy density', 'ED']

answer: @entity10478 :: (OMIM:155310,Disease) :: ['visceral adiposity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the side effects of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 and to evaluate the possible predisposing variables. METHODS: A retrospective analysis conducted for all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity309 and treated with @entity1500 over 3-years (January 2006 to December 2008) at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Frequency of @entity1500 side effects and the predictive variables were recorded and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Out of 116 @entity309 @entity1 , 71 @entity1 used @entity1500 . The most frequent side effect was @entity344 in 31%, followed by central nervous system symptoms in 18%, hepatotoxicity in 14%, @entity3136 and @entity1665 in 10% each, @entity11140 7%, @entity221 , @entity1910 and @entity3043 in 4%, and @entity1500 -induced @entity651 with increase in the size of rheumatoid nodule in 1% of @entity1 . By Logistic regression analysis, @entity8 was the most significant variable increasing the risk of the side effects (OR=7.14, p<0.05). Other associated variables were male-gender, non-Saudi nationality, smoking, @entity230 use, @entity4988 , and the presence of extra-articular manifestations. CONCLUSION: @entity1499 is the most commonly drug used in the treatment of @entity309 . @entity344 were the most common side effect while lung involvement was the least. The impact of each clinical variable on @entity1500 side effects requires paying more attention on the disease management as not all variables can be considered as risk factors.

title: Adverse effects of low dose @entity1499 in XXXX @entity1 . A hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GIT) disturbance', 'Gastrointestinal disturbances']

entities_list: @entity11140 :: ('MESH:C564004', 'Disease') :: ['macrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']