abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence from randomized controlled trials is regarded as the gold standard in clinical research and yet the quality of the conduct and reporting of trials is variable, even post-Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. This study arose from a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment for @entity9 . The aim was to provide a description of the included trials and investigate trends in study characteristics and measures of quality over time. METHODS: The review provided data regarding study characteristics ( @entity1 , place, time, drugs, outcomes), methodological factors (sample size calculations, randomization, reporting baseline @entity1 data, withdrawals, intention-to-treat (ITT), and statistical analysis (completeness and correctness of reporting of results, methods of analysis). RESULTS: A total of 131 trials from 1969 to 2007 were included. Of these, 63% were parallel-group designs, the remainder were cross-over; 73% were placebo-controlled. Several trial features increased or improved over time: trial size, quality (using Jadad score), presentation of baseline data by group, reporting of power calculations, use of visual analogue score or numerical rating scale scales to assess @entity158 , completeness of reporting of statistical results, use of modeling to allow for baseline @entity158 scores. The proportion of withdrawals was constant over time with a mean of 14.3%. The proportion of studies stating the analysis as ITT, increased over time, but inspection of papers indicated that the proportion confirmed as ITT was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: There have been a number of improvements regarding the quality and reporting of randomized controlled trials in @entity9 , but some failings remain that at best make some results difficult to interpret and at worst lead to bias.

title: The characteristics and quality of randomized controlled trials in XXXX : a descriptive study based on a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: Single @entity1372 channel events were recorded from cell-attached patches on single @entity235 cardiac Purkinje cells at 10-13 degrees C. Data from four patches containing two to four channels and one patch with one channel were selected for quantitative analysis. The channels showed prominent reopening behavior at voltages near threshold, and the number of @entity810 steeply with depolarization. Mean channel open time was a biphasic function of voltage with the maximum value (1-1.5 ms) occurring between -50 and -40 mV and lower values at more and at less hyperpolarized levels. Inactivation without opening was also prominent near threshold, and this occurrence also declined with depolarization. The waiting time distributions and the probability of being open showed voltage and time @entity734 as expected from whole-cell current studies. The results were analyzed in terms of a five-state Markovian kinetic model using both histogram analysis and a maximum likelihood method to estimate kinetic parameters. The kinetic parameters of the model fits were similar to those of GH3 pituitary cells (Horn, R., and C. A. Vandenberg. 1984. Journal of General Physiology. 84:505-534) and N1E115 @entity521 cells (Aldrich, R. W., and C. F. Stevens. Journal of Neuroscience. 7:418-431). Both histogram and maximum likelihood analysis implied that much of the voltage @entity734 of cardiac Na current is in its activation behavior, with inactivation showing modest voltage @entity734 .

title: Kinetic analysis of single @entity1372 channels from XXXX cardiac Purkinje cells.

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['reopenings declined']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity14 is the second leading cause of @entity204 in developed countries. @entity5 therapies should on the one hand aim to stop the proliferation of @entity5 cells and to kill them, and on the other hand stimulate a specific immune response against @entity5 cells. Dying cells are modulators of the immune system contributing to anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory responses, depending on the respective cell @entity204 form. The positive therapeutic effects of temperature-controlled @entity221 ( @entity221 ), when combined with ionizing irradiation (X-ray), were the origin to examine whether combinations of X-ray with @entity221 can induce immune activating @entity5 cell @entity204 forms, also characterized by the release of the danger signal @entity518 . @entity1 @entity14 cells with differing radiosensitivities were treated with combinations of @entity221 (41.5 degrees C for 1h) and X-ray (5 or 10Gy). Necrotic cell @entity204 was prominent after X-ray and could be further increased by @entity221 . Apoptosis remained quite low in HCT 15 and SW480 cells. X-ray and combinations with @entity221 arrested the @entity5 cells in the radiosensitive G2 cell cycle phase. The amount of released @entity518 protein was significantly enhanced after combinatorial treatments in comparison to single ones. We conclude that combining X-ray with @entity221 may induce anti- @entity5 immunity as a result of the predominant induction of inflammatory @entity5 cells and the release of @entity518 .

title: Application of @entity221 in addition to ionizing irradiation fosters necrotic cell XXXX and @entity518 release of @entity14 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'residual cancer', 'necrotic tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'HT']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report the fi rst successful preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for Hb @entity16655 's @entity4296 in Singapore, involving both fresh and frozen embryo replacement cycles. CLINICAL PICTURE: Two couples who were carriers of the Southeast Asian type double gene deletion (--(SEA) deletion carriers) requested for PGD. Couple A had 2 previous affected pregnancies, while couple B have a @entity1 of unknown genotypic status. TREATMENT: One PGD cycle was performed for each couple. The --(SEA) deletion was detected using a gap-PCR strategy. Couple A had 1 fresh-embryo replacement cycle while couple B underwent 2 frozen-embryo replacement cycles. OUTCOME: Couple A achieved a twin pregnancy. Second trimester complications resulted in @entity3465 , where 1 baby @entity1 survived. Couple B achieved a singleton pregnancy resulting in delivery of a healthy baby @entity1 . Genotype analysis of all babies confirmed the PGD results consistent with clinically unaffected status. CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully performed PGD to avoid Hb @entity16655 's @entity4296 .

title: Successful preimplantation genetic diagnosis of Hb XXXX 's @entity4296 in Singapore after fresh and frozen embryo replacement cycles.

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops fetalis', 'hydrops fetalis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

answer: @entity16655 :: (23568,Gene) :: ['Bart']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Latanoprost 0.005% + @entity6839 maleate 0.5% combined eyedrops were recently made available in Japan. We prospectively investigated the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect, visual preservation effect, and adverse reactions of a one-year administration of this fixed combination. METHODS: The subjects included 162 eyes from 162 @entity1 diagnosed with either primary @entity1538 or @entity2790 and using an unfixed combination of latanoprost 0.005% and @entity6839 maleate 0.5%. The unfixed combination was discontinued and replaced with the latanoprost 0.005% + @entity6839 maleate 0.5% fixed combination with no washout period. IOP was measured before (baseline) and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the change. The mean deviation value of Humphrey field analysis was compared. Adverse reactions were examined at every follow-up. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between mean IOP values obtained at baseline (mean    standard deviation, 15.2    3.3 mmHg) 3 months (15.1    3.2 mmHg), 6 months (15.3    3.1 mmHg), 9 months (15.3    3.1 mmHg), and 12 months (15.1    3.2 mmHg) after the change from the unfixed to the fixed combination of eyedrops (P = 0.212). In addition, no significant differences were observed between mean deviation values obtained at baseline (-9.11    6.94 dB) and 12 months (-10.08    7.24 dB) after the change (P = 0.114). Thirty-one @entity1 discontinued the fixed combination within 12 months of replacement, due to an insufficient IOP decrease (20 @entity1 , 12.3%) and adverse reactions (11 @entity1 , 6.8%). CONCLUSION: Following replacement of two eyedrop medications (latanoprost 0.005% and @entity6839 maleate 0.5%) by one fixed combination (latanoprost 0.005% + @entity6839 maleate 0.5%), IOP and visual field were preserved. However, 20% of the @entity1 discontinued the new treatment because of an @entity2790 of adverse reactions.

title: Assessment of ocular hypotensive effect and safety 12 months after changing from an unfixed combination to a latanoprost 0.005% + XXXX maleate 0.5% fixed combination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['insufficient IOP decrease and complaints', 'ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

answer: @entity6839 :: (MESH:D013999,Chemical) :: ['timolol']


abstract: @entity882 after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with an increased risk of @entity548 and utilization of significant resources. This review presents an analysis of risk factors associated with delayed platelet engraftment. The retrospective analysis included 1,468 recipients of autologous or allogeneic transplants treated between January 1, 1990 and July 1, 1995. Risk factors associated with delayed platelet engraftment after autologous HSCT included use of marrow rather than peripheral blood as the source of stem cells, being transplanted for @entity3052 rather than other diseases, positive @entity1 serology for @entity2803 and the presence of @entity281 post-transplant before engraftment. Risk factors associated with delayed platelet engraftment after allogeneic marrow transplantation included unrelated as opposed to related donor transplants, being transplanted for diseases other than @entity1860 , increased age, onset of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), male gender, the administration of @entity1499 for @entity2132 prophylaxis and the presence of @entity281 before engraftment. Delayed platelet recovery is associated with decreased survival after both autologous and allogeneic transplants. Management of delayed platelet recovery by transfusion of blood products requires significant medical resources and is of some risk to the @entity1 . Further development of new strategies may safely reduce the need for blood products. These include peripheral blood stem cell transplants (allogeneic and autologous), new algorithms for administering routine platelet transfusions and investigative biological agents for stimulating megakaryocytopoiesis. Further studies may elucidate the cause of @entity1423 associated with @entity281 and @entity2132 .

title: The Problem of XXXX after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['increased platelet consumption']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['Thrombocytopenia']


abstract: Cytodifferentiation in many melanocytic cells is regulated through the adenylate cyclase- @entity268 pathway. To analyse the molecular changes associated with this process we have compared the proteins produced by two closely related cell lines which, though derived from a single cell line, respond very differently to modulation of this signalling pathway. The @entity1 @entity320 cell line DX3 shows little change in in vitro characteristics following treatment with @entity268 elevating agents; in contrast the more malignant DX3 LT5.1 variant, derived from the DX3 parental line, shows pronounced dendrification, decreased proliferation and a reduction in metastatic capacity after similar treatment. The two cell lines were treated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors for 5 days and then processed for two-dimensional gel characterization using an immobilized pH gradient for the IEF dimension. Proteins were detected by @entity575 staining the gels and protein intensities were digitized using a laser densitometer. Two-dimensional gel patterns were edited, matched and a @entity320 protein database of 637 spots constructed using PDQUEST software on an Orion 1/05 computer. Eleven proteins were lost and four new proteins were detected in both cell lines following treatment. Twenty-two proteins were present in DX3 LT5.1 after treatment but not in untreated lines or treated DX3. These differentially expressed proteins may be associated with the observed changes in differentiation patterns and @entity3 . Our results illustrate the resolving power of this technique and suggest potential applications to the study of cellular differentiation.

title: Changes in protein expression during XXXX differentiation determined by computer analysis of 2-D gels.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity9718 ( @entity9718 ) are a group of diseases caused by corticospinal tract degeneration. Mutations in 3 genes ( @entity12408 , @entity12407 , and @entity29686 ) are said to be the cause in half of the autosomal dominant @entity9718 (AD- @entity9718 ). This study is a systematic review of families with HSP resulting from a population-based survey. Novel genotype-phenotype correlations were established. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, genetic, and epidemiological features of Portuguese AD-HSP families. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: A population-based systematic survey of @entity2746 and @entity451 conducted in Portugal from 1993 to 2004. @entity1 : Families with AD-HSP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Mutation detection in the most prevalent genes. RESULTS: We identified 239 @entity1 belonging to 89 AD-HSP families. The prevalence was 2.4 in 100 000. Thirty-one distinct mutations (26 in @entity12408 , 4 in @entity12407 , and 1 in @entity29686 ) segregated in 41% of the families (33.7%, 6.2%, and 1.2% had @entity12408 , @entity12407 and @entity29686 mutations, respectively). Seven of the @entity12408 mutations were novel, and 7% of all @entity12408 mutations were deletions. When disease onset was before the first decade, 31% had @entity12408 mutations and 27% had @entity12407 mutations. In @entity1 with @entity12408 mutations, those with large deletions had the earliest disease onset, followed by those with missense, frameshift, nonsense, and alternative-splicing mutations. Rate of disease progression was not significantly different among @entity1 with @entity12407 and @entity12408 mutations in a multivariate analysis. For @entity1 with @entity12408 mutations, disease progression was worst in @entity1 with later-onset disease. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The prevalence of AD-HSP and frequency of @entity12407 and @entity12408 mutations in the current study were similar to what has been described in other studies except that the frequency of @entity12408 deletions was lower. In contrast, the frequency of @entity29686 mutations in the current study was rare compared with other studies. The most interesting aspects of this study are that even in @entity1 with early-onset disease the probability of finding a @entity12408 mutation was higher than for @entity1 with @entity12407 mutations; there was no difference in disease progression with genotype but an association with the age at onset; 7 new @entity12408 mutations were identified; and for the first time, to our knowledge, the nature of the @entity12408 mutations was found to predict the age at onset.

title: Autosomal dominant XXXX : a review of 89 families resulting from a portuguese survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['HSPs', 'Hereditary spastic paraplegias']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegias']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary ataxias']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['spastic paraplegias']


abstract: We studied the synthesis of excreted DNA sequences and their release from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes under conditions permitting optimal cell growth. Cells were labeled by constant exposure to low specific activity @entity665 . Excreted DNA sequences were synthesized during the period of logarithmic cell growth and moved slowly from the high molecular weight chromosomal DNA fraction into the low molecular weight cell DNA fraction (Hirt supernate) from which they could be specifically released by treating the cells briefly with small amounts of various proteases; 1 microgram/ml trypsin for 5 min was optimal. On day 5 of culture, 13.3 +/- 6.9% of the total cellular acid-precipitable @entity665 was released by this treatment. Trypsin-induced release was partially and reversibly inhibited by incubating the cells for 16 h with 5 mM @entity5393 . Cells incubated in the absence of divalent cations spontaneously released this Hirt supernatant DNA; after maximal release had occurred under these circumstances, additional trypsin treatment caused no further release of DNA. Trypsin-induced DNA release could be completely and reversibly inhibited by incubating the cells in the presence of 10 mM @entity460 . Trypsin-released DNA was isolated and analyzed by reassociation kinetics. A major component, representing 54% of the DNA, reassociated with a C0t1/2 of 68 mol.s/liter (the value at which DNA association is 50% complete). The reassociation of this DNA was studied in the presence of an excess of DNA isolated from stimulated lymphocytes on day 3 in culture, and in the presence of an excess of resting lymphocyte DNA. The high molecular weight fraction of day-3 cell DNA contained three times more copies of the trypsin-released DNA major component as compared to resting lymphocyte DNA. Hirt supernatant DNA isolated from day-5 stimulated lymphocytes reassociated in an intermediate component representing 34% of the DNA with a Cot1/2 of mol.s/liter; after cells were treated with trypsin, this component could no longer be identified in the Hirt supernatant fraction, presumably because it had been released into the incubation medium. These data describe a quantitatively reproducible system with which synthesis and release of excreted DNA sequences can be studied.

title: Selective release of excreted DNA sequences from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated XXXX peripheral blood lymphocytes. Effects of trypsin and divalent cations.

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl-cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the involvement of @entity172 in spermatogenesis, we evaluated the expression of @entity172 receptors (ERs) alpha ( @entity7605 ) and beta ( @entity12209 ) in the cryptorchid testes in model @entity35 exposed to @entity12194 during the fetal stage. METHODS: Cryptorchid model @entity35 were produced by administering @entity12194 to pregnant @entity35 . To evaluate the sequential change in the expression of @entity7605 and @entity12209 genes, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using specific primers. Immunohistochemistry with @entity7605 and @entity12209 antibodies was performed, and the results were evaluated to determine the influences of orchiopexy. RESULTS: Real-time RT-PCR revealed that @entity7605 expression in control testes increases with growth and peaks value at 7 weeks and significantly decreases in cryptorchid testes. @entity12209 expression was low, and there were no significant differences between both the cryptorchid and control testes groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed that @entity7605 protein was present in the spermatids and Sertoli cells of descended testes, and that this protein was strongly expressed in the Leydig cells of cryptorchid testes. @entity12209 was detected in multiple cells in both groups. After orchiopexy, @entity7605 expression was detected in the spermatids of cryptorchid testes. CONCLUSIONS: Spermatogenesis in cryptorchid @entity35 is disrupted. Because the expression of @entity12209 was unchanged in both control and cryptorchid testes, we supposed that alteration in @entity7605 levels is more closely related to spermatogenic failure than @entity12209 levels in the cryptorchid testes. We considered that increased expression of @entity7605 in Leydig cells of cryptorchid testes is associated with @entity53 level in the testicular tissue, and @entity342 - @entity172 imbalance deteriorates spermatogenesis in cryptorchidism.

title: Altered expression and localization of XXXX receptors alpha and beta in the testes of a cryptorchid @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Advantages of primary fascial closure of abdominal wall defects are mainly in reducing the number of staged procedures with related complications and the need of multiple operation. Nevertheless correction of large defects still remains a challenge to pediatric surgeon. @entity86 and mechanical ventilation after intraoperative milking of intestinal content and abdominal muscles stretching have been reported to reduce the risks of "forced" primary closure. A series of 64 Omphalocele and @entity6675 has been reviewed. @entity154 are still the main cause of mortality among Omphalocele. Prematurity plays a secondary role on survival of @entity6675 cases; deaths were mainly due to @entity295 . Primary @entity1576 affected a large number of Giant Omphalocele cases (larger than 5 cm with herniated liver) and was associated to a restricted chest structure. All these cases died in the first weeks of life. Primary closure with or without postoperative @entity912 and mechanical ventilation showed to reduce in a significant way the postoperative complication rate compared to staged procedures. Mortality and hospital stay were not significantly influenced by different kinds of surgical treatment among Omphalocele. @entity154 are an unavoidable limiting factor to survival. Among Giant Omphalocele the use of aggressive primary fascial closure with ventilatory support showed in our hands to be a safe procedure provided that a preoperative selection of cases on the basis of @entity1503 has been made.

title: [One-stage "forced" closure of large XXXX of the abdominal wall with mechanical ventilation and curarization. Clinical evaluation].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Associated anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['chest X-ray and blood gases']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative paralysis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital defects']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review a single-center experience with endovascular treatment of recurrent @entity1498 in adults. METHODS: Since 1998, 11 @entity1 (9 @entity1 ; mean age 48+/-15 years, range 16-63) with recurrent @entity1498 following @entity1498 repair were referred to our institution for treatment. Clinical presentations included @entity2849 (n=2), @entity256 (n=3), @entity2849 accompanied by @entity256 (n=4), and @entity397 of a post- @entity1498 @entity2849 (n=2). All @entity1 were treated using an endovascular approach as part of a single-center investigational device exemption protocol. RESULTS: Endovascular interventions included Palmaz stent implantation (n=3), implantation of an endoluminal graft (n=2), or a combination of both treatments in 6 @entity1 . Three @entity1 underwent balloon angioplasty before stenting or endografting, and 2 @entity1 had a carotid-subclavian bypass done before the endovascular repair. All repairs were technically and clinically successful. The median length of stay after repair was 2.0+/-2.3 days. In follow-up, 2 @entity1 underwent a carotid-subclavian bypass for @entity613 . Two @entity1 required reintervention owing to migration of the stent in 1 and an endoleak 2 years after the initial procedure in the other. CONCLUSION: Endovascular approaches to @entity1498 appear to be safe and effective. With the emergence of endoluminal grafts and the widespread availability of the Palmaz stent, endovascular repair offers an excellent alternative to open surgery for complex cases of recurrent @entity1498 . Additional studies are indicated to assess the long-term outcomes of these @entity1 .

title: Endovascular approaches for complex forms of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['previous coarctation', 'aortic coarctation', 'adult coarctation', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['left upper extremity claudication']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: Hantaviruses similar to those which cause @entity7593 with @entity8 have been isolated from rodents in the United States. Serologic evidence suggests that these viruses infect @entity1 . Clinical disease has not, however, been associated with @entity281 in the United States. To expand knowledge of the distribution of Hantaviruses in the United States and attempt to identify a clinical syndrome associated with @entity281 , a serologic survey was undertaken of US Forestry Service personnel and US Geological Survey personnel in Mississippi, Virginia, and Alaska. In addition, sera from @entity1 with unidentified illnesses were collected from state public health laboratories in Washington state and Virginia. One of 85 sera (1.2%) from Forestry Service personnel in Mississippi and one of 79 sera (1.3%) from Forestry Service personnel in Virginia, and nine of 360 sera (2.5%) from Forestry Service and Geological Service personnel in Alaska were tested by immunofluorescent assay and were found to have antibody to Hantaan, Tchoupitoulas, or Prospect Hill viruses, ranging in titer from 1:32 to 1:512. Those @entity1 questioned revealed no @entity8 , @entity548 phenomenon, or unidentified febrile illnesses. Sera from two @entity1 in Virginia, collected at the time of an illness, had antibody titers of 1:32 and 1:64, respectively, to Prospect Hill virus. An etiologic role for Prospect Hill virus could not be confirmed. Current information would suggest that Hantaviruses do not present a public health problem in the United States.

title: Antibody to XXXX with @entity8 viruses (Hantaviruses) in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal syndrome', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity7593 :: (MESH:D006478,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic fever']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the @entity137 , @entity5 control, survival, and quality of life of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 treated with sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent @entity900 -radiotherapy (CRT) or CRT alone. @entity1 AND METHODS: Previously untreated stage III to IVB @entity5 were randomly assigned to (1) neoadjuvant @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) and @entity900 75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks for two cycles, followed by @entity900 40 mg/m(2)/wk concurrent with radiotherapy, or (2) CRT alone. Planned accrual was 30 @entity1 per arm to detect 20% difference of @entity137 based on 95% CIs. RESULTS: From November 2002 to November 2004, 65 eligible @entity1 were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by CRT (n = 34) or CRT alone (n = 31). There was a high rate of grade 3/4 @entity1398 (97%) but not @entity221 (12%) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. No significant differences in rates of acute @entity137 were observed between the two arms during CRT. Dose intensities of concurrent @entity900 , late RT @entity137 and quality of life scores were comparable in both arms. The 3-year progression-free survival for neoadjuvant versus control arm was 88.2% and 59.5% (hazard ratio = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.19; P = .12). The 3-year overall survival for neoadjuvant versus control arm was 94.1% and 67.7% (hazard ratio = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.078 to 0.73; P = .012). CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant @entity1205 - @entity900 followed by CRT was well tolerated with a manageable @entity137 profile that allowed subsequent delivery of full-dose CRT. Preliminary results suggested a positive impact on survival. A phase III study to definitively test this neoadjuvant-concurrent strategy is warranted.

title: Randomized phase II trial of concurrent XXXX -radiotherapy with or without neoadjuvant @entity1205 and @entity900 in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'NPC', 'nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The dysregulation of miRNA expression has frequently been observed in @entity0 . Therefore, we investigated the expression profile of miRNAs that may be associated with expression of the @entity21900 gene in @entity0 and assessed their clinicopathological significance. The expression levels of @entity6957 , @entity31516 , @entity31517 , @entity31518 and @entity21900 were analyzed in normal and malignant breast tissues from 65 @entity1 with @entity0 . We studied the correlation between the expression of @entity6957 , @entity31516 , @entity31517 , @entity31518 and @entity21900 and the clinicopathological features presented by the @entity1 . The expression levels of the miRNAs and @entity21900 were downregulated in @entity0 tissue. The expression levels of @entity6957 , @entity31516 and @entity31517 were significantly reduced in @entity21900 downregulated @entity5 . @entity31517 expression was also significantly altered relative to @entity21900 down- and up- regulated @entity5 tissues. Reduced @entity31516 expression was statistically associated with high-grade ER/PR (+) status, benign reactive hyperplasia, lymph-node @entity3 , in-situ component >25% and Ki 67>15% compared with non- @entity5 tissues. Additionally, reduced @entity31517 expression was significantly different between @entity5 with and without lymph-node @entity3 . @entity31517 may play an important role in @entity0 development and progression by regulating the expression of @entity21900 . Furthermore, @entity31517 and @entity31516 may be potential prognostic biomarkers for @entity0 .

title: Expression and clinical significance of miRNAs that may be associated with the @entity21900 gene in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Shock is a syndrome with serious prognostic implications--the harbinger of death. Hypoperfusion of essential organs is common, though total blood flow may be significantly greater than normal. Specific therapy is directed to the specific inciting event--infection, abscess, tamponade, _c. Symptomatic therapy keeps the @entity1 alive until we discover the specific problem or until he recovers spontaneously. The intravascular volume must be carefully monitored and corrected, using the pulmonary wedge pressure as the principal guide, and colloid osmotic pressure must be maintained. If the @entity1 does not respond to volume augmentation alone then inotropic drugs may be needed, and of these @entity935 is a selective vasodilator which redirects blood flow to the critical organs. The outstanding challenge in shock is the maldistribution of perfusion in the microvasculature. Although this may be ameliorated by the early administration of large doses of glucocorticoids, there is little convincing that these drugs constitute more than supportive therapy. Of greatest importance is reevaluation, reevaluation, and reevaluation. The @entity1 in shock becomes a new @entity1 every five minutes. Drugs that formerly worked, doses previously optimal--these are no guide because the situation changes so rapidly. The principles of management are to monitor vital functions, constantly vary drugs and doses, and continually attempt to put right all the parameters measured. This strategy will be more effective when we know what parameters to measure.

title: XXXX in the management of shock.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: @entity80 are @entity5 which are likely to recur. While growing, they cause severe @entity3061 , able to balloon the bone and to thin the cortex. The latter is reduced to a thin bone shell, and sometimes completely interrupted. Tumor mass can spread into the surrounding soft tissues as in other @entity3478 , especially malignant ones, which are often misdiagnosed. Whether the cortex is interrupted or only thinned, an acoustic window is obtained which allows an easy study of @entity5 mass with US. Seven @entity1 were examined, who presented @entity75 of different bones, produced by @entity439 . US allowed the expansile lesion to be detected, and its size to be estimated. Moreover, US pattern of the lesion could be determined, which appeared both solid and liquid. A few minutes after beginning the examination, fluid levels could be observed to appear, which are typical of this condition, as both CT and MR imaging demonstrate both in vivo and in vitro. Thus US, thanks to its short execution time, low cost and non-invasiveness, can be considered as the second-step exam, after plain film, in the diagnosis of @entity80 .

title: [Echography for the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysmal bone cysts', 'aneurysmal bone cyst']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal cysts']

answer: @entity80 :: (MESH:D017824,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal bone cysts']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of low-volume plus @entity620 [ @entity968 plus @entity620 ( @entity970 + @entity938 )] and high-volume plus @entity21710 [ @entity968 plus @entity21710 ( @entity970 + Sim)] bowel preparations. METHODS: A total of one hundred and forty-four outpatients (76 males), aged from 20 to 84 years (median age 59.5 years), who attended our Department, were divided into two groups, age and sex matched, and underwent colonoscopy. Two questionnaires, one for @entity1 reporting acceptability and the other for endoscopists evaluating bowel cleansing effectiveness according to validated scales, were completed. Indications, timing of examination and endoscopical findings were recorded. Biopsy forceps were used as a measuring tool in order to determine polyp endoscopic size estimation. Difficulty in completing the preparation was rated in a 5-point Likert scale (1 = easy to 5 = unable). Adverse experiences (fullness, cramps, @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity490 , @entity10 and @entity22 ), number of evacuations and types of activities performed during preparation (walking or resting in bed) were also investigated. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 were selected for each group. The two groups were age and sex matched as well as being comparable in terms of medical history and drug therapies taken. Fourteen @entity1 dropped out from the trial because they did not complete the preparation procedure. Ratings of global bowel cleansing examinations were considered to be adequate in 91% of @entity970 + @entity938 and 88% of @entity970 + Sim @entity1 . Residual Stool Score indicated similar levels of amount and consistency of residual stool; there was a significant difference in the percentage of bowel wall visualization in favour of @entity970 + Sim @entity1 . In the @entity970 + Sim group, 12 @entity652  <= 10 mm diameter (5/left colon + 7/right colon) vs 9 (8/left colon + 1/right colon) in the @entity970 + @entity938 group were diagnosed. Visualization of small lesions seems to be one of the primary advantages of the @entity970 + Sim preparation. CONCLUSION: @entity970 + @entity938 is a good alternative solution as a bowel preparation but more improvements are necessary in order to achieve the target of a perfect preparation.

title: Low-volume plus XXXX vs high-volume plus @entity21710 bowel preparation before colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity21710 :: ('MESH:D012841', 'Chemical') :: ['simethicone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['ascorbic acid']


abstract: Of 55 @entity1 with adult onset @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) studied at our center between 1971 and 1986, five (9%) had an association with the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). All of the @entity1 were female, and their mean age at the time of diagnosis was 57.4 +/- 11 (SD) (range 47 to 71) years. They had received NSAIDs for an average of 6.9 +/- 6.4 (range, 3 to 18) months before developing @entity644 . The presenting 24-hour urine protein was 11.3 +/- 10.2 (range, 2.1 to 24) g and all @entity1 were hypoalbuminemic (serum albumin less than 3.5 g/dL) with @entity4 . Two @entity1 presented with @entity810 (serum @entity1011 greater than or equal to 1.3 mg/dL). Histologically, three @entity1 had @entity1987 associated with @entity1986 , and two had no evidence of @entity401 . All five @entity1 achieved a complete remission after discontinuing the NSAIDs. The remission occurred within 15 days for 80% of @entity1 . A mean follow-up of 6.4 +/- 3.9 (range, 1.3 to 10.5) years was obtained on the @entity1 . At the time of last follow-up, all @entity1 had remained in complete remission, and all @entity1 had normal renal function. Our experience confirms that @entity1987 may present with or without @entity1986 . Once the NSAID is discontinued, a complete remission can be expected.

title: XXXX associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MCG', 'minimal change glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1987 :: (MESH:D009402,Disease) :: ['Minimal change glomerulopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age of onset is an important outcome to characterize a population with a @entity102 . With respect to social, cognitive, and physical aspects for @entity1 and families, @entity303 is especially burdensome. In Germany, like in many other countries, it is highly prevalent in the older population and imposes enormous efforts for caregivers and society. METHODS: We develop an incidence-prevalence-mortality model to derive the mean and variance of the age of onset in @entity102 . Age- and sex-specific incidence and prevalence of @entity303 is taken from published values based on health insurance data from 2002. Data about the age distribution in Germany in 2002 comes from the Federal Statistical Office. RESULTS: Mean age of onset of a @entity102 depends on a) the age-specific incidence of the disease, b) the prevalence of the disease, and c) the age distribution of the population. The resulting age of onset of @entity303 in Germany in 2002 is 78.8        8.1  years (mean        standard deviation) for @entity1 and 81.9        7.6  years for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although incidence and prevalence of @entity303 in @entity1 are not greater than in @entity1 , @entity1 contract @entity303 approximately three years earlier than @entity1 . The reason lies in the different age distributions of the male and the female population in Germany.

title: Age of onset in @entity102 : new method and application to XXXX in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The role of longitudinally and circumferentially oriented fibres in left ventricular wall motion was examined by digitising echocardiograms of the mitral ring (whose motion reflects @entity1162 change) and of the standard @entity2048 in 36 healthy individuals, 36 @entity1 with @entity453 , 16 with @entity4346 , 44 with @entity339 (24 of whom had undergone mitral valve replacement). In the controls @entity1162 shortening significantly preceded @entity2048 shortening (mean (1 SD) difference 25 (40) ms) so that the @entity2048 increased more during isovolumic contraction (0.25 v 0.09 cm), indicating that the left ventricle became more spherical. Changes in the long and short axes were synchronous at end ejection and in early diastole in the controls. Epicardial excursion preceded endocardial excursion by 50 (20) ms at its peak. These time relations were consistently disturbed in all @entity1 groups, irrespective of the extent of fractional shortening of the @entity2048 . The onset of @entity1162 shortening was delayed, and this was often associated with premature shortening of the @entity2048 , the normal spherical shape change during isovolumic contraction was lost, and peak epicardial and endocardial changes became more synchronous. In @entity1 with @entity301 these changes are the expected consequence of ischaemic @entity2537 . In @entity4346 their presence consistently showed @entity299 when orthodox measures were still normal. They were more pronounced after mitral valve replacement when the papillary muscles had been sectioned; @entity1162 shortening was reduced during systole and prolonged into early diastole, while normal shortening of the @entity2048 was maintained only by abnormal epicardial excursion. Relations between long and @entity851 motion in healthy individuals are characteristic, and their loss is an early index of @entity299 . These disturbances precede changes in orthodox measures such as fractional shortening or peak velocity of circumferential fibre shortening.

title: Functional importance of the @entity1162 dynamics of the XXXX left ventricle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short axis']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['injury to longitudinally orientated subendocardial fibres']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['minor axis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'systolic ventricular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The introduction of multifocal stimulus recording has enhanced our ability to examine the @entity1 visual field with electrophysiologic techniques. We have adapted the multifocal pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) to detect visual field loss. In @entity726 @entity1 we sought to determine the extent to which the PVEP amplitudes correlate with perimetric thresholds. Multifocal pseudorandomly alternated pattern stimuli, which were cortically scaled in size, were presented with use of the VERIS-Scientific system. Bipolar occipital straddle electrode positions were used. The visual field up to 25 degrees of eccentricity was investigated. Forty-three @entity726 @entity1 with reproducible @entity227 were tested. The @entity227 corresponded well with Humphrey @entity227 , showing loss of signal in the @entity1019 area. For Humphrey quadrant threshold totals and PVEP quadrant amplitudes, the correlation coefficient was strong (r = 0.49, P < 0.0001). The multifocal PVEP demonstrates good correspondence with the topography of the visual field. This technique represents the first practical application of the multifocal PVEP to objective detection of @entity227 in @entity726 .

title: Objective perimetry in XXXX : recent advances with multifocal stimuli.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar PVEP', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the CT and MRI features of peripheral primitive @entity4969 (pPNET) arising in abdomen-pelvis region, and to improve the radiological diagnostic ability of this @entity5 . METHODS: The CT and MRI appearances of thirteen abdomen-pelvis region pPNET @entity1 proved pathologically were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The age of diagnosis ranged from 2 years to 72 years (median, 30 years). The @entity5 were located in the abdomen and pelvic cavity (nine @entity1 ), retroperitoneal tissues (two @entity1 ), right kidney (one @entity1 ) and liver (one @entity1 ). The radiological appearances of the @entity5 resembled heterogeneous soft tissue masses, eight masses with cystic or @entity39 areas. Masses in abdomen and pelvic cavity and kidney were well-defined; while masses in retroperitoneal tissue and liver were ill-defined. Heterogeneous enhancement with intravenous contrast agents was evident. There are speckled, patching and irregular calcifications in four @entity1 , one of them with calcification after treatment. Five @entity1 died, and eight @entity1 remiss on clinical follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The radiological features of @entity1897 are non-specific. CT and MRI are useful in delineating the extent, finding distant metastasis, predicting respectability and monitoring treatment.

title: [Radiological evaluation of peripheral primitive XXXX arising in abdomen-pelvis region].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral PNET']

answer: @entity4969 :: (MESH:D017599,Disease) :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']


abstract: A multicentre open trial was conducted in 31 centres to evaluate the therapeutic and ecological impact of @entity2892 - @entity9234 on @entity1 admitted to infectious pathology departments. Two-hundred @entity1 (mean age: 58 +/- 19.4 years) were included in the study. The predominant @entity281 were @entity295 , severe @entity293 and lower @entity1729 . Most of the @entity1 treated (188/200) had associated severity factors. The acute infectious episode had been present for 9.3 +/- 12.2 days before the drug was prescribed. In the majority of @entity1 the @entity281 was hospital-acquired. Two-hundred and fifteen out of the 298 initial bacterial isolates were Gram-negative bacilli. @entity2892 - @entity9234 was administered alone in 74.5 per cent of the @entity1 during 14.1 days on average in doses of 30 mg/kg/day. The drug was given as first-choice treatment in 60 per cent of the cases and after failure of another antibiotic therapy in 40 per cent. Clinical cure was obtained in 180 of the 198 assessable @entity1 . Among therapeutic failures, 4 were due to the emergence during treatment of an @entity2892 -resistant @entity796 , but 30 of the 42 strains of @entity796 isolated before treatment were eradicated. The therapeutic success rates were 100 per cent in @entity1320 , 94 per cent in septicaemias, 97 per cent in @entity293 and 82 per cent in lower @entity1729 , this last figure being one of the highest recorded in clinical trials. Frequent colonization or superinfection were not encountered in this study. The incidence of @entity3527 at the site of injection was 14 per cent.

title: [ @entity2892 - @entity9234 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipenem', 'imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE(S): Soluble Leishmania antigens ( @entity18434 ) provide suitable protection against @entity232 in @entity19 model when delivered by an appropriate delivery system. Liposomes have been shown to be suitable vaccine delivery systems against @entity232 , however, the @entity27647 ( @entity27647 ) activity of @entity18434 is a drawback to prepare a stable liposomal @entity18434 . One strategy to overcome this problem might be using a lipid which is resistant to @entity27647 activity of @entity18434 such as @entity4291 (SM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stable SM liposomes containing @entity18434 on the immune response induced against @entity232 in BALB/c @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 were immunized subcutaneously, three times with 2-week intervals, with @entity18434 , SM-liposome- @entity18434 , empty liposome or buffer. As criteria for protection, footpads swelling at the site of challenge and foot parasite loads were assessed. The immune responses were also evaluated by determination of IgG subtypes and the level of IFN-y and @entity58 in cultured splenocytes. RESULTS: The group of @entity19 receiving SM-liposome- @entity18434 , showed a significant large footpad swelling, higher parasite burden in foot and higher @entity58 level compared to the group immunized with buffer. In terms of IgG and IgG isotypes, there was no significant difference between the @entity19 receiving SM-liposome- @entity18434 and the @entity19 that received buffer. Moreover, the immune response induced by SM-liposome- @entity18434 showed no significant difference compared with the one caused by @entity18434 alone. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that SM-liposome- @entity18434 is not an appropriate strategy to induce @entity630 immune response and protect the @entity19 against @entity232 ; however, SM-liposomes could be suitable vaccine delivery systems when a @entity61 response is needed.

title: @entity4291 Liposomes Containing Soluble Leishmania major antigens Induced Strong XXXX Immune Response in BALB/c @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis', 'leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity61 :: (15111(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th2']


abstract: Seven elderly @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ), who had the three following characteristics on echocardiograms 1) extremely thickened septum, 2) systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, 3) mid systolic semi-closure of the aortic valve, were clinically evaluated. Ages ranged from 73 to 86 years old (average 78.9% yr.) and all were @entity1 . None had not a family history of @entity1121 but they had mild @entity101 . Six @entity1 showed a significant high voltage on the ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities ("strain" pattern). The left ventricular posterior wall as well as the septum was thickened in 5 and the remaining 2 showed @entity14087 ( @entity14087 ) on echocardiograms. The left ventricular cavity was narrowed due to @entity4346 and the shape of the left ventricular cavity was ovoid in all @entity1 . The aorto-septal angles in these 7 @entity1 were 80 degrees to 120 degrees. In addition, proximal septal bulge in all and anterior displacement of the mitral posterior leaflet due to the mitral ring calcification (MRC) in some @entity1 contributed to the narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract, and the mitral valve was pulled up toward the septum because of the good left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction: 70 to 94% by echocardiography) and blood was ejected at a high velocity through a narrowed outflow tract (Venturi effect). Pressure gradients in the left ventricular outflow tract was 38 to 146 mmHg in 5 examined by cardiac catheterization. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 2 @entity1 , showing @entity1184 myocytes (diameter: 20 to 30 micron) in 2 and mild disarray in 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A clinical study of XXXX in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HOCM', 'hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity14087 :: ('MESH:C566005', 'Disease') :: ['asymmetrical septal hypertrophy', 'ASH']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The assessment of clinical probability (as low, moderate, or high) with clinical decision rules has become a cornerstone of diagnostic strategy for @entity1 with suspected @entity1151 , but little is known about the use of physician gestalt assessment of clinical probability. We evaluate the performance of gestalt assessment for diagnosing @entity1151 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective observational cohort of consecutive suspected @entity1151 @entity1 in emergency departments. Accuracy of gestalt assessment was compared with the Wells score and the revised Geneva score by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves. Agreement between the 3 methods was determined by k test. RESULTS: The study population was 1,038 @entity1 , with a @entity1151 prevalence of 31.3%. AUC differed significantly between the 3 methods and was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78 to 0.84) for gestalt assessment, 0.71 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.75) for Wells, and 0.66 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.70) for the revised Geneva score. The proportion of @entity1 categorized as having low clinical probability was statistically higher with gestalt than with revised Geneva score (43% versus 26%; 95% CI for the difference of 17%=13% to 21%). Proportion of @entity1 categorized as having high clinical probability was higher with gestalt than with Wells (24% versus 7%; 95% CI for the difference of 17%=14% to 20%) or revised Geneva score (24% versus 10%; 95% CI for the difference of 15%=13% to 21%). @entity1151 prevalence was significantly lower with gestalt versus clinical decision rules in low clinical probability (7.6% for gestalt versus 13.0% for revised Geneva score and 12.6% for Wells score) and non-high clinical probability groups (18.3% for gestalt versus 29.3% for Wells and 27.4% for revised Geneva score) and was significantly higher with gestalt versus Wells score in high clinical probability groups (72.1% versus 58.1%). Agreement between the 3 methods was poor, with all k values below 0.3. CONCLUSION: In our retrospective study, gestalt assessment seems to perform better than clinical decision rules because of better selection of @entity1 with low and high clinical probability.

title: Comparison of the unstructured clinician gestalt, the wells score, and the revised Geneva score to estimate pretest probability for suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: The case of a 59-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed as having @entity5 by biopsy of a small @entity2695 on the skin is reported. The clinical features were characterized by @entity2147 , @entity2414 , disorientation to time and mild left @entity1158 including the face. Laboratory findings showed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, increased serum LDH, increased @entity2841 protein and pleocytosis in the @entity2841 . The @entity2841 level of IgG was also elevated and was associated with the appearance of oligoclonal IgG bands. The biopsy specimen of the @entity2695 on the skin revealed that some small vessels were packed with atypical mononuclear cells which were positive for anti-B cell antibody. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain detected multiple lesions located in the cerebellum, thalamus and caudate nucleus. The left paramedian thalamic lesion might be responsible for his characteristic mood and behavioral changes. The serial MRI study disclosed that some lesions progressively enlarged and duplicated in number. These findings might be typical for @entity5 , in which the rapidly proliferating cells occluded small vessels one after another in the central nervous system. The serial study of MRI may serve an important diagnostic purpose in this disease, although most @entity1 with this disease, so far, have been diagnosed by autopsy.

title: [A case of XXXX --serial study of magnetic resonance imaging].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic angioendotheliosis']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disturbance']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic angioendotheliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define an optimal model for the decline in circulating antim  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) with age and develop a validated age-related nomogram. DESIGN: Cohort study with validation of linear, biphasic linear, differential, power, and quadratic equations undertaken in two additional cohorts. SETTING: United Kingdom @entity249 clinics. @entity1 (S): Training cohort of 4,590 @entity249 @entity1 . Two separate validation cohorts; 4,588 @entity249 @entity1 , and 423 @entity1 with confirmed ovulation and normal pelvic ultrasound who have a male partner with severe @entity6660 . INTERVENTION(S): Serum @entity248 measurement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Optimal fit and age-related @entity248 nomogram. RESULT(S): The linear model had the largest sum of absolute and squared residuals and provided a less adequate fit than the four nonlinear models. Of these, the R(2) ranged from 19.45% to 19.48% in the training dataset, from 21.30% to 21.36% in the validation dataset, and from 13.29% to 13.75% in the partners of oligospermic males. The parameters of the differential model were difficult to estimate, and the goodness-of-fit of the power model was slightly inferior to the quadratic model. CONCLUSION(S): Circulating @entity248 concentrations decline with increasing reproductive age in a manner optimally described by a quadratic equation. This validated age-related @entity248 nomogram will enable counseling of @entity249 @entity1 regarding reproductive performance.

title: Nomogram for the decline in serum antim  llerian hormone: a population study of 9,601 XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: Calcyphylaxis consists in vascular @entity460 deposition and @entity39 , which appears in the final stage of @entity177 . Advanced forms of systemic connective tissue disease such as @entity1252 , especially with @entity1333 , leading to @entity177 and @entity5507 may be conducive to calcyphylaxis. We are presenting a case of a 50-year-old male requiring chronic peritoneal dialysis since the age of 43, due to @entity454 resulting from chronic glomeluronephritis. The @entity1 presented to our Dermatology Department with large and @entity158 coalescent cutaneous lesions on both lower extremities, fingertips and lips. Both clinical picture and disease history indicated systemic @entity1333 that was previously unrecognized. Additional examinations revealed the following markers of @entity32 : leukocytosis ( @entity29045 ) with normal level of eosinophils, CRP > 0.6 mg/I, ESR 120 mm/h, and IgG 20 g/l, without any source of @entity281 . Indirect immunofluorescence showed the absence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) on polynuclear leucocytes. A distinct fluorescence pattern observed in liver sinusoids was suggestive of the presence of some form of anti-granulocyte antibodies. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected in serum (1:1000) with homogenous and microgranular fluorescence pattern. Anti-extractable nuclear antigen panel (ENA), C3/C4 levels, anti-smooth muscle, anti-dsDNA and anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies were within normal limits. Lupus band test revealed IgA and IgG deposits at the dermis-epidermis junction. Histopathological examination of the skin showed @entity730 complicated by small vessel @entity715 , however, it was non-specific for @entity1333 . Our case represents an example of calcyphylaxis associated with a widespread medial vascular @entity730 in a @entity1 with end stage @entity8 secondary to @entity1252 . Although renal dialysis itself is known to trigger calcyphylaxis, there have been few reports in literature suggesting that @entity1413 may also contribute to this process.

title: [Calcyphylaxis in a @entity1 with XXXX in the course of @entity1252 , diagnostic problems--case report].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: @entity859 triphosphatase activity and @entity377 binding affinity of isolated beta-subunit preparations from @entity526 F1F0- @entity855 synthase were studied. The aim was to find out whether isolated beta-subunit would provide an experimental model in which effects of mutations on catalysis per se, unencumbered by complications due to their effects on positive catalytic cooperativity, could be studied. Three types of purified, isolated beta-subunit preparations were studied. Type I-beta was from a strain lacking all F1F0 subunits except beta and epsilon. Type II-beta was from F1 carrying the alpha @entity27354 mutation which blocks positive catalytic cooperativity. @entity8674 was from normal F1. Type I- and II-beta had very low ATPase activity (less than 10(-4) s-1) which was @entity2769 -insensitive, @entity27355 -insensitive, and unaffected by anti-beta antibody. Type I-beta activity was @entity1098 -insensitive. We conclude that isolated beta-subunit from @entity526 F1F0 has zero or at most very low intrinsic ATPase activity. @entity8674 had low ATPase activity (8.4 x 10(-5) s-1 to 1.1 x 10(-3) s-1 in seven different preparations). This activity was @entity27355 -sensitive, but varied in @entity2769 sensitivity from 0 to 34% inhibited. The @entity2769 -sensitive component, like F1 and alpha 3 beta 3 gamma oligomer, was inhibited by anti-beta and anti-alpha antibodies. The @entity2769 -insensitive component was stimulated by anti-beta and unaffected by anti-alpha. We show here that (alpha beta)-oligomer has ATPase activity which is @entity2769 -insensitive, @entity27355 -sensitive, stimulated by anti-beta, and unaffected by anti-alpha. The intrinsic ATPase activity of @entity8674 could be due to contaminating (alpha beta)-oligomer plus alpha 3 beta 3 gamma-oligomer. Isolated beta had very low affinity for @entity377 as compared to the first catalytic site on F1. Taken together with the very low ATPase activity of isolated beta (even if real), the work shows that isolated beta is not a good experimental model of F1 catalysis.

title: @entity859 triphosphatase and @entity377 binding activity of isolated beta-subunit preparations from @entity526 F1F0- XXXX synthase.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['Type III-beta']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity27355 :: ('MESH:D001313', 'Chemical') :: ['aurovertin']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD) and @entity901 (LOHP) are active as single agents in the treatment of recurrent @entity43 (ROC). This phase II study investigated the safety and activity of PLD and LOHP used in combination to treat ROC. METHODS: Eligibility criteria included disease recurrence after one (45%) or more lines (55%) of chemotherapy, performance status <or=2 and life expectancy >3 months. Treatment was 40 mg/m(2) PLD and 120 mg/m(2) LOHP, administered over 2 days, every 3 weeks. Response to therapy was assessed using the RECIST criteria. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 with ROC enrolled in the study from 10/2001 to 10/2005; 27 @entity1 were @entity902 -sensitive and 13 were @entity902 -resistant. Major @entity137 included grade 3-4 @entity1398 (37%) and grade 2 @entity5515 (10%). The overall response rate was 67.5%, with 30% stable disease rate and 2.5% progressive disease rate. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.6 months, while median overall survival was 18.3 months, with no statistically significant difference in PFS between @entity902 -resistant and @entity902 -sensitive @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that the combination of PLD and LOHP shows activity in ROC with a manageable @entity137 profile and can be safely administered in heavily pre-treated @entity1 .

title: A multicenter phase II study of pegylated liposomal XXXX and @entity901 in recurrent @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The etiological association of @entity1534 with @entity2275 ( @entity2275 ), @entity356 ( @entity356 ), and duodenal ulcer (DU) is well-known. Understanding the epidemiology of @entity1534 facilitates the estimation of disease burden in a certain population. This study presents the diversity of @entity1534 genotypes and their association with different clinical outcomes among dyspeptic @entity1 in Pakistan over a period of four years. METHODOLOGY: Gastric biopsy samples from a total of 450 dyspeptic individualswere subjected to PCR, genotypingand histology. RESULTS: A total of 201 (45%) cases were found positive for @entity1534 . The detection rate was high in @entity2275 (91%), DU (86%) and @entity356 (83%) cases compared with those cases who had intact gastric mucosa (18%). Histology revealed the presence of @entity281 in 68% of cases of mild/chronic nonspecific @entity3621 with others belonging to the @entity2275 sequel. cagA gene carriage was observed in 104 (51%) cases or mostly from DU, @entity2275 and @entity356 groups, of which 97 were @entity6475 while 3 were East-Asian type strains that are rarely observed in South Asia. vacA allelic variant s1am1 was most commonly observed, followed by s1am2, and s1bm1, with direct correlation in diseased cases ( @entity3621 , @entity2275 , DU and @entity356 ). Prevalent genotypic combinations were s1am1/cagA- in @entity3621 and s1am1/cagA+ in DU, @entity2275 , and @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates the predominant circulation of Western type cagA and vacAs1am1 type @entity1534 strains in Pakistan.

title: Prevalence, diversity and disease association of XXXX in dyspeptic @entity1 from Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Western type strains']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer', 'GU']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: @entity637 plays a pivotal role in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but little is known of the mechanisms that link the inflammatory and nociceptive effects of @entity637 . We have established a @entity19 model of @entity637 -induced @entity4412 -dependent bilateral thermal @entity1931 that then allowed us to identify distinct peripheral mechanisms involved in mediating @entity637 -induced ipsilateral and @entity1931 . Thermal @entity1931 and @entity32 were assessed in both hindpaws following unilateral intraplantar (i.pl.) @entity637 . The @entity1931 mechanisms were analysed through pharmacogenetic approaches involving @entity4412 (-/-) @entity19 and @entity4412 antagonists. To study the mediators downstream of @entity637 , cyclooxygenase (COX) and @entity6164 inhibitors were utilised and cytokine and @entity3009 levels assessed. The role of neutrophils was determined through use of the selectin inhibitor, fucoidan. We show that @entity637 (10pmol) causes thermal @entity1931 (1-4h) in the ipsilateral inflamed and contralateral uninjured hindpaws, which is @entity4412 -dependent. @entity11009 , a @entity6164 inhibitor, suppressed the @entity1931 indicating that @entity6164 is involved in @entity4412 sensitisation. Ipsilateral @entity10178 -derived @entity2918 were also crucial to the development of the @entity1931 . The prevention of neutrophil accumulation with fucoidan @entity1931 at 4 but not at 1h, indicating a role in the maintenance but not in the induction of @entity1931 . However, @entity637 -induced @entity635 generation in both paws and the presence of local @entity635 in the contralateral paw were essential for the development of @entity1931 . These results identify a series of peripheral events through which @entity637 triggers and maintains bilateral @entity158 . This potentially allows a better understanding of mechanisms involved in @entity637 -dependent @entity158 pathways in symmetrical diseases such as @entity625 .

title: Tumour necrosis factor alpha mediates transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-dependent bilateral thermal XXXX with distinct peripheral roles of @entity635 , protein kinase C and cyclooxygenase-2 signalling.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic', 'bilateral hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesia', 'attenuated hyperalgesia', 'contralateral hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: This study analyzes a role of laparoscopy in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity4037 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic compared with open @entity4037 repair (VHR) in @entity28 @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING: Nationwide hospital survey. @entity1 : @entity28 @entity1 undergoing VHR from 2008 through 2009 were selected from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Data analysis included @entity260 , length of stay, and total hospital charges. Additional @entity1 demographics, including insurance, median income, and locations, were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 47,661 @entity28 @entity1 who underwent VHR during the study period, laparoscopic VHR increased more than 4-fold, from 1547 of 23,917 (6.5%) to 6629 of 23,704 (28.0%) (P   <   .001). Laparoscopic VHR was associated with a lower overall complication rate (6.3% vs 13.7%; P   <   .001), shorter median length of stay (3 vs 4 days; P   <   .001), and lower mean total hospital charges ( 40,387 vs  48,513; P   <   .001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified a predictive variable for laparoscopic VHR: private insurance (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15-1.27; P   <   .001). @entity4037 with a gangrenous bowel were less likely to undergo laparoscopic VHR (odds ratio, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.06-0.34; P   <   .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In the era of laparoscopy, the overall use of laparoscopic VHR in @entity28 @entity1 has increased significantly and appears to be safe, with a shorter stay and a lower cost of care.

title: Laparoscopic vs open XXXX repair in the era of @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['Ventral hernias', 'ventral hernia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Obese']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: WD40 repeat (WDR) proteins are pleiotropic molecular hubs. We identify a WDR gene that is a conserved genomic neighbor of a chitin synthase gene in Ascomycetes. The WDR gene is unique to fungi and plants, and was called @entity364 ( @entity364 ). @entity364 is within a cell wall metabolism gene cluster in the Ascomycetes (Pezizomycotina) comprising chsD, a Chs activator and a GH17 glucanase. The @entity364 , @entity35220 locus was deleted in @entity14940 SAA.111 by gene replacement and only heterokaryon transformants were obtained. The re-annotation of Aspergilli genomes shows that @entity35220 consists of two tightly linked separate genes, i.e., the WDR gene and a putative beta-flanking gene of unknown function. The WDR and the beta-flanking genes are conserved genomic neighbors localized within a recently identified metabolic cell wall gene cluster in genomes of Aspergilli. The heterokaryons displayed increased susceptibility to drugs affecting the cell wall, and their phenotypes, observed by optical, confocal, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, suggest cell wall alterations. Quantitative real-time PCR shows altered expression of some cell wall-related genes. The possible implications on cell wall biosynthesis are discussed.

title: A WDR Gene Is a Conserved Member of a Chitin Synthase Gene Cluster and Influences the Cell Wall in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal Plant WD', 'FPWD']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans strain']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: It was only quite recently that the @entity715 component in @entity583 and @entity944 was generally acknowledged. When attention was eventually paid to it, interest initially centered primarily on platelet function. There is, of course, no doubt about the central role of platelet adhesion and aggregation in thrombogenesis, but still no generally accepted measure of platelet function has been shown to be associated with the later onset of @entity741 ( @entity741 ). Epidemiologically, the assessment of coagulability has been more rewarding. Several prospective studies have now shown a strong relationship between the plasma @entity2002 level and the incidence of @entity741 and @entity64 . Epidemiologic and laboratory studies have also implicated factor VII and extrinsic pathway activity in the onset of @entity741 . Other components of the hemostatic system that are probably involved include factor VIII activity and the fibrinolytic system. It is increasingly clear that lipoproteins exert a major influence on coagulability as well as their better known role in atherogenesis. Any further polarization of hypotheses for @entity741 as being purely atherogenic or purely thrombogenic is therefore counterproductive. At the same time, antithrombotic measures for primary prevention need to be evaluated as thoroughly as lipid-lowering regimens. If @entity715 is seen as the final arterial event in virtually all major episodes of @entity741 , the indications for antithrombotic agents in primary prevention may be wider than those for lipid-lowering regimens. It is therefore necessary to establish as quickly as possible not only the preventive effectiveness of antithrombotic measures, including low-dose @entity117 and low-intensity oral anticoagulation, but also the relative effectiveness and safety of antithrombotic and lipid-modifying regimens.

title: XXXX and cardiovascular disease.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden coronary death']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of @entity53 (E(2)) plays a critical role in the diagnosis and clinical management of reproductive disorders. The challenge for all currently available direct methods for measuring E(2) is to provide accuracy and precision across a wide dynamic range. METHODS: We describe the development and multi-site performance evaluation of a direct E(2) assay on the Architect i2000. Assay performance and method comparisons were performed by testing specimens from @entity1 , healthy @entity1 with regular menstrual cycles, and post-menopausal @entity1 using the Architect assay and isotope dilution, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID/GC-MS). Reference intervals were established by testing prospectively collected daily blood draws from 42 healthy @entity1 , 72 postmenopausal @entity1 and 101 males. RESULTS: No unexpected cross-reactivity or interference was observed for over 40 compounds tested. Recovery was 100+/-10% in the presence of @entity1815 and @entity11111 . Functional sensitivity (%CV<20%) was <15 pg/ml.(1) The imprecision of the assay was <7.1% (total CV), <2.5%, and <2.3% for control sera containing 45, 190, and 600 pg/ml @entity53 , respectively. The assay had a correlation of y=1.033 x+0.3156, r(2)=0.99, n=131 compared to ID/GC-MS. Reference intervals for the current Architect @entity53 assay are reported. CONCLUSIONS: Format changes resulted in dramatic improvement in the performance and accuracy of this direct, fully automated assay. The assay is standardized by ID/GC-MS. The assay is clinically useful for serum concentrations from 15 to >4000 pg/ml.

title: Mass spectrometric and physiological validation of a sensitive, automated, direct immunoassay for serum XXXX using the Architect.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the experience with sterilized x-ray film in the repair of orbital blow-out fractures (BOFs). METHODS: A retrospective review of case notes from 56 @entity1 with orbital BOF repaired using sterilized x-ray film onlay implants at 2 institutions between November 2004 and December 2010. @entity1 demographics, timing of surgery, surgical @entity260 , and length of follow up were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 (44 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ) received sterilized x-ray film implants during the 6-year study period. Mean age at the time of repair was 29 years (range 4-85 years). For 68% of @entity1 , surgical repair was performed within 2 weeks of injury. Average length of postoperative follow up was 5.5 months (range 1-36 months), 48% had follow up >3 months. Following surgical repair, @entity892 in primary or down gaze reduced from 98% to 4% and enophthalmos >= 2 mm reduced from 21% to 5% cases. One @entity1 required a second operation for repositioning of an incompletely reduced @entity174 . A second @entity1 presented 9 months postoperatively with recurrent @entity5768 , and the implant and its surrounding pseudocapsule were subsequently removed. There were no cases of @entity227 , or migration. CONCLUSIONS: This series has demonstrated that in selected @entity8924 sterilized x-ray film can provide a safe, effective, and low-cost onlay implant.

title: Use of x-ray film implant for the repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss, implant infection']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['episodes of proptosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['approach, postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital fractures']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity8924 :: (MESH:D009917,Disease) :: ['orbital fractures']


abstract: The rostro-caudal patterning within a somite is periodically established in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). In the @entity19 , @entity26597 is required for the rostral property whereas Notch signaling and @entity26598 , a @entity26597 -induced protein that suppresses @entity26597 transcription, are required for the caudal property. Here, we examined the mechanism behind rostro-caudal patterning by comparing the spatial movement of Notch activity with @entity26597 protein localization in wild-type embryos and those defective in @entity26599 , both of which are expressed in the PSM. @entity26597 protein appears first as a thin band in the middle of the traveling Notch active domain in both wild-type and @entity26600 /2-deficient embryos. In wild-type embryos, the @entity26597 band expands anteriorly to the expression front of @entity26601 , an activator of @entity26597 transcription. Notch activity becomes localized further anteriorly to this @entity26597 domain, but does not pass over the anterior @entity26597 domain generated in the previous segmentation cycle. As a result, the Notch active domain appears to be restricted between these two @entity26597 domains. In @entity26600 /2-deficient embryos, the @entity26597 band becomes more expanded and the Notch domain is finally diminished. Interestingly, @entity26600 /2-deficient embryos exhibit anterior expansion of the @entity26601 protein domain, suggesting that @entity26599 regulates @entity26597 expression by modulating elimination of @entity26601 proteins. We propose that the rostro-caudal pattern is established by dynamic interaction of Notch activity with two @entity26597 domains, which are defined in successive segmentation cycles by Notch, @entity26601 and @entity26599 .

title: Analysis of @entity26599 -deficient XXXX embryos reveals a mechanism underlying the rostro-caudal patterning within a somite.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We used contingent valuation technique to estimate the parental willingness to pay for an episode of @entity294 among 324 @entity1 of both sexes aged between five and seven years in two rural villages of Chennai in India. The aim was to examine if there was any gender bias in the parental willingness to treat @entity1 for a diarrhoeal episode, and if so to what extent. The willingness to pay was specified as a hedonic function of the duration and severity of an episode, and of parents' socioeconomic characteristics. The findings suggest that parents were willing to pay more to protect their male @entity1 compared to the female @entity1 suffering from a diarrhoeal episode. The median willingness to pay to avoid an episode for male and female @entity1 were calculated at Rs. 33.7 (approx. US  0.72) and Rs. 25.2 (approx. US  0.54) respectively - a difference of around 34%. After adjusting for the greater duration and severity of the illness, it was found that the difference between the two medians increased to 51%.

title: A contingent valuation study to estimate the parental willingness-to-pay for childhood XXXX and gender bias among rural households in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of a novel study design in analysis of bilateral @entity158 . @entity30036 , two contemporary arm, open label, randomised controlled clinical trial. SETTING: A clinical epidemiologist at a university hospital in Pavia, Italy. @entity1 : Two elbows with @entity2633 . INTERVENTIONS: Autologous platelet lysate versus "wait and see" strategy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual analogue scale for @entity158 on elbow extension and resisted wrist extension. RESULTS: Over six months' follow-up, the @entity1 experienced bilateral improvement in @entity158 , but higher in the treated arm, with a drop in visual analogue scale for @entity158 from 28 to 4 for right (control) arm (drop of 24 points) and from 67 to 10.5 for left (treated) arm (drop of 56.5 points). CONCLUSIONS: Platelet lysate might (or might not) work. Competing interests and lack of blinding might be relevant issues in the interpretation of trial results. However, the new study design can be applied to a number of conditions such as bilateral sport or @entity130 , @entity2346 , or any condition affecting chiral organs or limbs.

title: @entity30036 , two contemporary arm, randomised controlled clinical trial for XXXX : a new study design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'elbow pain']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral otitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma injuries']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['bilateral epicondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the approved uses, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and place in therapy of @entity16590 , the first new antianginal drug therapy introduced in more than 20 years for the treatment of @entity951 . SUMMARY: The mechanism of action of @entity16590 is unknown, but it may involve inhibition of the late @entity1372 current in the myocardium, thereby preventing @entity1372 -induced intracellular @entity460 overload during @entity63 . This mechanism differs from that of other antianginal agents, which primarily affect myocardial @entity26 supply or demand through hemodynamic effects. @entity16590 undergoes extensive metabolism, primarily by @entity5322 , so interactions with drugs that are moderate to potent inhibitors of @entity5322 need to be considered. @entity16590 is also a @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) substrate and inhibitor, and it may interact with other @entity1262 substrates and inhibitors. In @entity1 with an inadequate response to other antianginal agents, the addition of @entity16590 to existing antianginal therapy increases exercise duration and the time to @entity951 on an exercise treadmill test, and it decreases the frequency of @entity951 and @entity1242 use. The drug produces antianginal effects without significantly affecting either @entity551 . @entity16590 prolongs the QT interval on the electrocardiogram, but the overall electrophysiologic effects of the drug suggest that it is not expected to cause @entity1166 . CONCLUSION: @entity16590 has a unique mechanism of action that may be complementary to that of conventional antianginal agents in the treatment of @entity951 . An understanding of the potential for drug interactions, disease interactions, and contraindications is needed to ensure safe and effective use of the drug.

title: Advances in the management of stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16590 :: ('MESH:C055512', 'Chemical') :: ['ranolazine', 'Ranolazine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['chronic angina', 'angina attacks', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate or blood pressure']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: In 58 @entity0 @entity1 with @entity3909 ( @entity3909 ) pretreatment characteristics, clinical course, and response to treatment were evaluated. Forty-four @entity1 were uniformly treated with intraventricular chemotherapy. Fourteen @entity1 did not receive intraventricular treatment. In the intraventricularly treated group the median survival was 12 weeks. Multivariate analysis of the pretreatment characteristics of the intraventricularly treated @entity1 demonstrated a prognostic significance with respect to survival for age older than 55 years, lung metastases, cranial nerve involvement, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity413 less than 2.5 mmol/l, and CSF protein 0.51 to 1.0 g/l. Based on the significance of these predicting factors a prognostic index (PI) identified four groups of @entity1 with a median survival of 43 weeks, 22 weeks, 11 weeks, and 3 weeks, respectively. After 6 weeks of intraventricular treatment 22 @entity1 showed a neurologic improvement or stabilization, and nine @entity1 showed a worsening of the neurologic signs, whereas 13 @entity1 (30%) had already died. The responders had a median additional survival of 5 months versus 1 month for nonresponders. No relation was found between survival and intensity of the intraventricular treatment after the first 6 weeks of treatment. Almost all long survivors had also received systemic treatment for @entity262 , whereas most @entity1 who died within 6 months did not receive systemic therapy. Radiation therapy had no influence on the survival time. Early death due to the intensive treatment occurred in three @entity1 . In 11 of the 17 @entity1 who survived more than 4 months an often seriously debilitating late @entity2359 developed. The survival curve of the nonintraventricularly treated @entity1 appeared to be essentially the same as the curve of the intraventricularly treated @entity1 . Using the same PI the predicted survival time was also the same as in the intraventricularly treated group. It is concluded that survival in @entity3909 from @entity0 may be more dependent on some pretreatment characteristics than on treatment intensity. On the basis of these pretreatment characteristics the survival time seems to be predictable. Finally, late @entity2359 due to aggressive treatment leads to impairment of the quality of life in more than 50% of the long survivors. The exact value of intraventricular and systemic therapy in @entity1 with @entity3909 still has to be determined.

title: @entity3909 in XXXX . Prognostic factors and influence of treatment.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal carcinomatosis', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']