abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure blood lead levels in @entity1 (5-14 y) with @entity565 , and correlate with @entity565 severity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical. SETTING: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Clinic of a Childrens hospital in Cairo, Egypt. @entity1 : 200 @entity1 (127 males) with @entity565 and 125 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (80 males). PROCEDURE: Blood lead levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique, and were subsequently correlated with @entity565 severity. RESULTS: No significant difference in mean (SD) blood lead levels was observed between @entity1 with @entity565 [13.3 (4.8) ug/dL] and control group [11.4 (3.9) ug/dL]. 190 @entity1 (58.5%) had elevated blood lead levels (>10 ug/dL), with no significant difference between @entity1 (60%) and controls (56%). @entity1 with elevated blood lead levels had significantly higher frequency of @entity1712 (66.7%) and increased total immunoglobulin E (83.3%) compared to other @entity1 with blood lead levels <10ug/dL (10% and 43.8%, respectively). @entity1 of @entity565 with elevated blood lead levels had higher grades of severity of @entity565 compared to those with blood lead levels <10 ug/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Blood lead levels are not significantly associated with diagnosis of @entity565 but elevated blood lead levels seem to be associated with increased @entity565 severity and higher frequency of @entity1712 and elevated immunoglobulin E levels.

title: Blood lead levels and childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Following a single, oral dose of @entity5259 (2 X 10(8) bacteria) in vitro intestinal absorption of @entity413 , @entity3649 , @entity534 , @entity14614 , @entity10608 and @entity10653 in young @entity19 (aged 2--3 1/2 months) decreased. Malabsorption of @entity413 was dose- and time-dependent. Impaired absorption of @entity413 occurred throughtout the length of the small intestine, particularly distally. Following hydrolysis of @entity63268 at the brush border, @entity413 absorption in infected @entity19 and that of the untreated controls was similar. Using @entity413 , fluid transfer in the infected intestine and that of the controls was alike. Although slightly lower, fluid transfer in the infected intestine using the other solutes was not significantly different compared with the controls. @entity413 -dependent and @entity413 -independent intestinal fluid transfer in infected animals was like that of the controls. Using old infected @entity19 (aged 8--9 months) intestinal absorption of @entity413 and @entity14614 was unchanged compared with young @entity19 . The fresh small intestinal weight in infected @entity19 and the controls was alike. Changes in the histology of the small intestine in young infected @entity19 were small and inconsistent.

title: XXXX -induced malabsorption in young @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity14614 :: ('CHEBI:15971', 'Chemical') :: ['L-histidine']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactose']

entities_list: @entity10608 :: ('CHEBI:15729', 'Chemical') :: ['L-ornithine']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose', 'D-glucose']

answer: @entity5259 :: (1396,Species) :: ['Bacillus cereus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We report a case of a well-differentiated @entity4937 arising in an supratentorial enterogenous cyst. The clinicopathological features of this case and a brief review of the literature are presented. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old @entity1 presented with abrupt onset of sensory @entity410 and abnormal sensation on the left side of her face, left leg, and left arm. Radiological studies showed a @entity5 with mass effect in the right parietal area. The initial clinical impression was a metastatic lesion, and a comprehensive metastatic workup revealed no evidence of @entity5 elsewhere. INTERVENTION: A gross total resection of the solid @entity5 was achieved by a frontoparietal craniotomy. Sixteen months after the initial surgery, the @entity1 presented with signs of @entity428 and a large parietal cyst. The cyst was fenestrated at the time of the second craniotomy. CONCLUSION: A pathological study of the initial surgical material revealed it to be a well-differentiated @entity4937 in association with an enterogenous cyst. The second surgical specimen consisted only of the benign cyst wall. The @entity1 recovered uneventfully from the second surgery and was free of symptoms 6 months postoperatively. The importance of recognizing the rare possibility of malignant progression of a benign enterogenous cyst in the central nervous system is discussed.

title: Well-differentiated XXXX arising in a supratentorial enterogenous cyst: case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic extraaxial tumor', 'cystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4937 :: (MESH:D000231,Disease) :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity2869 is a common problem of sacrococcygeal region. However, it is also observed in the periumbilical area. There are only a few reports about umbilical @entity2869 in the literature. In this study, 26 @entity1 (24 @entity1 (92 %), 2 @entity1 (8 %) with a mean age of 22 years) with umbilical @entity2869 were included. Predisposing factors, @entity1 characteristics, treatment modalities, and their results have been studied. Male sex, young age, @entity20536 , deep navel, and poor personal hygiene were found to be predisposing factors. Twenty-five @entity1 were treated conservatively. However, two @entity1 failed to respond to conservative treatment. Those @entity1 underwent surgery where umbilectomy was carried out without reconstruction. One @entity1 was also operated on for the preoperative misdiagnosis of irreducible umbilical @entity547 . @entity1 were followed for 14-96 months. We recommend conservative treatment in @entity1 with umbilical @entity2869 . Surgery should be performed in recurrent cases resistant to conservative treatment. The importance of differential diagnosis of umbilical @entity2869 from other umbilical pathologies is also emphasized.

title: Umbilical XXXX : predisposing factors and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['Pilonidal sinus disease', 'pilonidal sinus', 'pilonidal sinus disease']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether long-term reduction of @entity158 is obtained by continuous administration of an oral contraceptive (OC) in @entity1 with @entity46 -associated recurrent @entity1834 that does not respond to cyclic OC use. DESIGN: Prospective, therapeutic, self-controlled clinical trial. SETTING: A tertiary care and referral center for @entity1 with @entity46 . @entity1 (S): Fifty @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity46 in the previous year and experienced recurrent @entity1834 despite cyclic OC use. INTERVENTION(S): Continuous use of an OC containing @entity2082 (0.02 mg) and desogestrel (0.15 mg) for 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): @entity1834 variation during cyclic and continuous OC use, evaluated with a 100-mm visual analog scale and a 0- to 3-point verbal rating scale, and degree of satisfaction with continuous OC treatment. RESULT(S): In the study period, @entity2588 , @entity1867 , and @entity1867 were reported by 19 (38%), 18 (36%), and 13 (26%) @entity1 . The mean +/- SD number of >7-day @entity548 episodes with consequent 7-day OC suspension was 5.5 +/- 2.1. The mean +/- SD @entity1834 visual analog scale and verbal rating scale scores were 75 +/- 13 and 2.4 +/- 0.5 at baseline and 31 +/- 17 and 0.7 +/- 0.6 at 2-year follow-up, respectively. Moderate or severe side effects were reported by 7/50 (14%) @entity1 . At final evaluation, 13 (26%) @entity1 were very satisfied, 27 (54%) were satisfied, 1 (2%) was uncertain, 8 (16%) were dissatisfied, and 1 (2%) was very dissatisfied. CONCLUSION(S): Long-term continuous OC use can be proposed to @entity1 with symptomatic @entity46 and menstruation-related @entity158 symptoms.

title: Continuous use of an oral contraceptive for @entity46 -associated recurrent XXXX that does not respond to a cyclic pill regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['Dysmenorrhea', 'dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['spotting', 'breakthrough bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1834 :: (MESH:D004412,Disease) :: ['dysmenorrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated neurophysiological brain responses elicited by a tactile event-related potential paradigm in a sample of @entity746 @entity1 . Underlying cognitive processes and neurophysiological signatures for brain-computer interface (BCI) are addressed. METHODS: We stimulated the palm of the hand in a group of fourteen @entity746 @entity1 and a control group of ten healthy @entity1 and recorded electroencephalographic signals in eyes-closed condition. Target and non-target brain responses were analyzed and classified offline. Classification errors served as the basis for neurophysiological brain response sub-grouping. RESULTS: A combined behavioral and quantitative neurophysiological analysis of sub-grouped data showed neither significant between-group differences, nor significant correlations between classification performance and the @entity746 @entity1 ' clinical state. Taking sequential effects of stimuli presentation into account, analyses revealed mean classification errors of 19.4% and 24.3% in healthy @entity1 and @entity746 @entity1 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Neurophysiological correlates of tactile stimuli presentation are not altered by @entity746 . Tactile event-related potentials can be used to monitor attention level and task performance in @entity746 and may constitute a viable basis for future BCIs. SIGNIFICANCE: Implications for brain-computer interface implementation of the proposed method for @entity1 in critical conditions, such as the late stage of @entity746 and the (completely) locked-in state, are discussed.

title: Tactile event-related potentials in XXXX ( @entity746 ): Implications for brain-computer interface.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2411 ( @entity2411 ) is a common condition characterized by localized, provoked @entity158 that can be present since first vaginal penetration attempt (primary) or can develop after a period of @entity158 (secondary). Research has demonstrated psychosocial and psychophysical differences between @entity1 with these subtypes of @entity2411 , but the question of whether neural responses to @entity158 also differ remains to be investigated. AIM: This study aims to examine whether cognitive, psychophysical, and neural responses to vulvar pressure @entity158 differ between @entity1 with PVD1 and PVD2. METHODS: @entity1 with PVD1 and PVD2 were compared for group differences using multiple modalities, including questionnaires, psychophysical testing, and neuroimaging. @entity158 ratings were held constant across groups, rather than amount of pressure applied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographics, sexual functioning, four questionnaires examining @entity148 and @entity16839 , quantitative sensory testing at the vulvar vestibule using a vulvalgesiometer, and functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: Findings suggest that @entity1 with PVD1 are more anxious and that they catastrophize more about their vulvar and @entity158 than @entity1 with PVD2. Overall, MRI results demonstrated structural and functional similarities to other @entity1118 findings for both groups of @entity1 . Gray matter (GM) density also differed between groups: @entity1 with PVD1 showed significant decreases in GM throughout areas associated with @entity158 processing. Functionally, between-groups differences were found during painful vulvar stimulation despite lower pressures applied to the vulva for @entity1 with PVD1 because of their heightened sensitivity; the determination of the level of vulvar pressure to elicit @entity158 was based on subjective ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Findings are limited by sample size and liberal alpha values; however, future research is certainly warranted based on the preliminary findings of this study suggesting both similarities and differences between PVD1 and PVD2. Overall, @entity1 with PVD1 seem to fare worse on several @entity158 -related and psychosocial variables compared with @entity1 with PVD2. Sutton K, Pukall C, Wild C, Johnsrude I, and Chamberlain S. Cognitive, psychophysical, and neural correlates of @entity158 in primary and secondary provoked @entity2411 : A pilot study. J Sex Med 2015;12:1283-1297.

title: Cognitive, Psychophysical, and Neural Correlates of XXXX in Primary and Secondary Provoked @entity2411 : A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'vestibulodynia', 'Provoked vestibulodynia']

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophizing']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nonvulvar pain', 'Pain', 'pain-free penetration', 'pain', 'vulvar pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Vulvar Pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cervical @entity5 treatment is associated with a risk of urinary adverse events (UAEs) such as @entity1901 and @entity789 . We sought to measure the long-term UAE risk after surgery and @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), with confounding controlled through propensity-weighted models. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database, we identified @entity1 >= 66 years old with nonmetastatic @entity5 treated with @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ), radical hysterectomy (RH), external beam @entity1161 plus brachytherapy (EBRT+BT), or @entity1161 +surgery. We matched them to noncancer controls 1:3. Differences in demographic and @entity5 characteristics were balanced by propensity weighting. Grade 3 to 4 UAEs were identified by diagnosis codes plus treatment codes. Cumulative incidence was measured using Kaplan-Meier methods. The hazard associated with different @entity5 treatments was compared using Cox models. RESULTS: UAEs occurred in 272 of 1808 cases (17%) and 222 of 5424 (4%) controls; most (62%) were ureteral strictures. The raw cumulative incidence of UAEs was highest in advanced @entity5 . UAEs occurred in 31% of @entity1 after EBRT+BT, 25% of @entity1 after @entity1161 +surgery, and 15% of @entity1 after RH; however, after propensity weighting, the incidence was similar. In adjusted Cox models (reference = controls), the UAE risk was highest after @entity1161 +surgery (hazard ratio [HR], 5.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.32-11.07), followed by EBRT+BT (HR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.45-7.65), RH (HR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.41-9.46) and @entity1538 (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.32-3.01). The higher risk after @entity1161 +surgery versus EBRT+BT was statistically significant, whereas, EBRT+BT and RH were not significantly different from each other. CONCLUSIONS: UAEs are common after @entity5 treatment, particularly in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . UAEs are more common after @entity1161 , but these @entity1 tend to have the advanced @entity5 . After propensity weighting, the risk after @entity1161 was similar to that after surgery.

title: Propensity-Weighted Comparison of Long-Term Risk of Urinary Adverse Events in Elderly XXXX Treated For @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['simple surgery', 'SS']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stricture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistula']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: PURPOSE: Survivin is an apoptosis inhibitor, expressed in almost all types of @entity1 @entity5 , but rarely in differentiated normal tissues. Recently, survivin gene splice variants with different anti-apoptotic activities have been reported. The current study was undertaken to examine the expression of survivin and its splice variants    Ex3 and 2b in @entity977 , and to correlate the amount of particular transcripts with clinical staging in @entity977 . Quantitative detection of survivin and its splice variants    Ex3 and 2b transcripts in non-cancerous pituitary tissues (n  =  12) and different types of @entity977 (n  =  50). METHODS: Samples were collected from 50 @entity977 including 26 @entity5 , 21 GH-secreting @entity5 , 2 PRL-secreting @entity5 and 1 ACTH-secreting @entity5 . 12 normal pituitary glands received after autopsy served as a control of the study. 29 @entity259 tissues were used as a positive control. The RT-qPCR with TaqMan hydrolysis probes were used to determine the expression of analyzed splice variants of survivin. RESULTS: The obtained data showed that both survivin and its splice variants were expressed in different types of @entity977 as well as in normal pituitary tissue. However, the level of its expression was similar in all studied cases. @entity1 age negatively correlated with @entity5 invasiveness. Moreover, our study showed a tendency for negative correlation between @entity1 age and @entity5 diameter. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences between survivin and its splice variants    Ex3 and 2b expression in @entity977 and in normal pituitary glands as well as in invasive and in non-invasive @entity5 were found, suggesting that survivin does not play a significant role in pituitary tumorigenesis.

title: Evaluation of survivin splice variants in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor', 'pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-functional tumors', 'tumors', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumors']


abstract: Abstract Purpose: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a sub-maximal exercise test measuring the distance that a @entity1 can walk quickly in a period of 6 minutes (6MWD). The objectives of this systematic review are to evaluate the 6MWT's suitability for measuring the impact of an intervention, to compare the 6MWD walked by @entity1 with @entity161 with data for the general population or matched controls, to identify the determinants of 6MWD and to examine the measurement properties and quality procedures of the 6MWT. Methods: Using five databases, we performed a systematic review of full-text articles published through August 2013. Results: Sixteen studies met our selection criteria. The assessment of the 6MWT's suitability for measuring the impact of interventions was not made because none of the interventional studies reported a significant increase in 6MWD. The distance walked by adults with @entity161 seemed generally shorter than that walked by healthy adults. Mean 6MWDs ranged from 421   m to 648   m in the included studies. The 6MWD is usually negatively associated with a higher Body Mass Index, increased cigarette consumption, higher doses of antipsychotic medication and lower physical self-worth in individuals with @entity161 . The 6MWT demonstrates high reliability. To date, however, its criterion validity has not been investigated. In spite of existing guidelines, the test procedures used in the studies reviewed varied significantly. Conclusions: Future physical health monitoring recommendations for @entity1 with @entity161 should include the 6MWT. Future studies should investigate its predictive role and continue to assess its measurement properties. Implications for Rehabilitation The Six-Minute Walk Test reliably assesses the functional exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity161 . The impact of therapeutic interventions on @entity1 , as measured by the 6MWT, cannot be confirmed. Clinicians should take into account overweight, antipsychotic medication use and the physical self-perception when considering the functional exercise capacity in @entity161 . Clinicians should follow International standards such as these of the American @entity1514 Society when using the Six-Minute Walk Test in @entity1 with severe mental illnesses.

title: Six minutes walk test for individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Pseudobacteraemia might be responsible for up to 50% of all positive blood cultures and its early recognition is important in order to avoid unnecessary treatment with antibiotics and delay in the search for the true cause of the fever. We describe pseudobacteraemia outbreak of @entity11763 related to contaminated @entity1091 heparin bottles in a paediatric ward. Twelve @entity1 were involved in this outbreak from December 1996-January 1997. All @entity1 had no clinical evidence of @entity295 , nevertheless most @entity1 were treated with antibiotics. Blood collection bottles were suspected as source of pseudobacteraemia and only @entity1091 heparin bottles were found to be contaminated with P. fluorescences indistinguishable from the blood isolates taken from these @entity1 . Withdrawal of these bottles led to the termination of the pseudobacteraemia. Following discussion with the manufacturer, the contaminated batch of @entity1091 heparin bottles was sent back for testing, and replaced with bottles containing dried @entity1091 heparin. A hazard report was sent to the Medical Devices Agency ( @entity1865 ). In order to minimize the possibility of this problem occurring again, the manufacturer has informed MDA that all @entity1091 heparin solution is to be filtered to 0.2 micron prior to issue, in order to minimize bacterial contamination. Continued monitoring after the pseudobacteraemia showed no isolates of @entity11763 from the blood of paediatric @entity1 .

title: Contaminated XXXX heparin bottles as a source of pseudobacteraemia due to @entity11763 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['P. fluorescens', 'Pseudomonas fluorescens']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity99 coexist. METHODS: Archives of 456 @entity1 with multiple smaller ( <=3 cm) @entity99 were reviewed, including sex, age, imaging study (ultrasound [US], computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), follow-up, and laboratory test. @entity1 with @entity409 or other @entity5 and diameter of lesion larger than 3 cm were excluded. The mean age of the @entity1 was 41.8    13.9 years (range, 18-78 years). The liver was observed with US; undetermined cases were evaluated by using CT and/or MRI. The follow-up time was from 35 to 39 months (mean, 36.3 months). Echo patterns, patterns of enhancement on CT and MRI, and associated findings of the @entity99 were studied. RESULTS: The number of @entity2695 was from 2 to 6, including 154 @entity1 with 2 lesions, 196 @entity1 with 3 lesions, 78 @entity1 with 4 lesions, 18 @entity1 with 5 lesions, and 10 @entity1 with 6 lesions. Among them, hyperechoic accounts for 71.93% (328/456), hypoechoic 27.85% (127/456), and @entity3156 .22% (1/456). There were significant differences of distribution between the @entity12825 and other echo patterns (all P < 0.001). Diameter of the @entity2695 was from 8.6 and 30.0 mm (15.5    4.9 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperechoic and hypoechoic @entity2695 rarely coexist in the liver. In the event that hypoechoic and @entity75 are simultaneously found in the liver, CT, MRI, or contrast-enhanced US should be performed for a definitive diagnosis.

title: XXXX Smaller Than 3 cm Seldom Coexist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperechoic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3156 :: ('MESH:C566917', 'Disease') :: ['hyperechoic and hypoechoic coexistence 0']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hyperechoic and hypoechoic hepatic hemangiomas', 'hepatic hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity12825 :: ('MESH:C565728', 'Disease') :: ['hyperechoic and hypoechoic coexistence']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hyperechoic and Hypoechoic Hepatic Hemangiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the hemodynamic effect of oral @entity3791 administration on ocular perfusion in a @entity1 with @entity6437 cerebri associated with @entity30 . DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 20-year-old @entity1 with a 5-year history of @entity30 presented with a 2-week history of @entity10 and blurred @entity227 . Ophthalmologic examination was normal. Fluorescein angiography showed a profound delay in retinal and choroidal perfusion. Lumbar puncture showed an opening pressure of 320 mm water. Therapy was initiated with oral @entity3791 750 mg per day. RESULTS: A subjective improvement of symptoms was noted over 4 days. Repeat @entity941 angiography showed resolution of the ocular perfusion deficit. No recurrent symptoms were noted 19 months after cessation of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity30 may present with @entity6437 cerebri and severe ocular perfusion deficits that are reversible with oral @entity3791 therapy.

title: Effect of XXXX on ocular hemodynamics in @entity6437 cerebri associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision in both eyes']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

answer: @entity3791 :: (MESH:D000086,Chemical) :: ['acetazolamide']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this work was to study the morphology of the patella in search of @entity1141 typical of objective @entity8043 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred forty @entity1 (190 knees), 80 @entity1 and 60 @entity1 , who underwent surgery between 1988 and 1999 were included in this study. Mean age was 22.6 years (range 13-47). Patellar morphology was analyzed on the preoperative lateral x-rays (n=190) taken at 30 degrees flexion. The apex of the patella was measured as well as the length of the patellar tendon. The width of the patella was measured on the computed tomography scan (n=158). For 64 knees, magnetic resonance images of the patella were available on which the length and width of the patella, the articular surface, and the patellar tendon were measured. Ninety contralateral knees were symptom free and x-rays were available for 67. RESULTS: According to the Grelsamer classification, 80% of the patellae presented a normal apex. The length of the patellar apex was significantly shorter when the patellar ligament was longer. Using the Wiberg classification, @entity1 had more dysplasic patellae (grade C) (p=0.007). There was also a correlation between the Wiberg classification and the Maldague classification. The length of the medial border of the patella and the patellar angle were 2 factors directly related to the Wiberg classification. Mean width of the patella was 39.1 mm (computed tomography measurements). The mean length of the patellar tendon was 53.8 on the magnetic resonance images with a mean articular surface measuring 30.8 mm, a mean patellar length measuring 40.6 mm, and a mean width measuring 38.7 mm. There was no correlation between @entity6125 and patellar morphology. DISCUSSION: There is little data in the literature concerning patellar morphology since Wiberg's work in 1941. The hypothesis of @entity8043 rather than trochlear dyplasia, the principal factor involved in objective @entity8043 , has not been explored extensively. The presence of a hypoplasic medial border, Wiberg grade C, or a short patellar apex suggests that a particular patellar morphotype would be involved in objective @entity8043 .

title: [Study of the patellar apex in objective XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['trochlear dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dysplasia', 'patellar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['patellar dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess trends in @entity5 incidence and mortality in Australia. METHODS: Case numbers for invasive @entity5 deaths (1982-2011) were obtained from the National @entity5 Statistics database. Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were used to assess changes in age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, for all ages and for younger than 60 years and 60+ years. RESULTS: Age-standardized incidence rates in @entity1 across all ages did not significantly change from 1982-1984 to 2007-2009 (from 2.1 to 2.5 per 100,000 @entity1 ; SRR from the later to the earlier period, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.00-1.27]). However, there was a significant 84% increase in incidence in @entity1 younger than 60 years (SRR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.49-2.26]), with no change for @entity1 60+ years (SRR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.79-1.04]). Age-standardized mortality in @entity1 across all ages significantly decreased by 22% from 1982-1986 to 2007-2011 (from 0.7 to 0.5 per 100,000 @entity1 ; SRR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66-0.93]). However, this was driven by declines in older @entity1 , with stable rates in @entity1 younger than 60 years (SRR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.62-1.79]); rates in 60+ years decreased by 24% (SRR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63-0.91]). CONCLUSION: Since the early 1980s, @entity5 incidence has increased by more than 80% in @entity1 younger than 60 years in Australia, but there has been no increased incidence in older @entity1 . These findings are consistent with the possibility of increased exposure to the @entity1082 in cohorts born after 1950. By contrast, age-standardized @entity5 mortality rates have been stable in younger @entity1 , but have declined in older @entity1 .

title: Changing Trends in XXXX Incidence and Mortality Rates in Australia Since 1982.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the vulva (1982-2009) and vulvar cancer', 'vulvar cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Vulvar Cancer']


abstract: Calcineurin is an important mediator that connects the Ca(2+)-dependent signaling to various cellular responses in a wide variety of cell types and organisms. In budding @entity375 , activated calcineurin exerts its function mainly by regulating the @entity25602 / @entity25602 transcription factor. Here, we cloned the @entity6739 prz1(+) gene, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor highly homologous to @entity25602 / @entity25602 . Similar to the results in budding @entity375 , calcineurin dephosphorylated Prz1 and resulted in the trans-location of Prz1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Prz1 expression was stimulated by high extracellular Ca(2+) in a calcineurin-dependent fashion. However, unlike in budding @entity375 , the prz1-null cells did not show any phenotype similar to those previously reported in calcineurin deletion such as aberrant cell morphology, @entity154 , or @entity56 to Cl(-). Instead, the prz1-null cells showed @entity56 to Ca(2+), consistent with a dramatic decrease in transcription of Pmc1 Ca(2+) pump. Interestingly, overexpression of Prz1 did not suppress the Cl(-) @entity56 of calcineurin deletion, and overexpression of Pmp1 MAPK phosphatase suppressed the Cl(-) @entity56 of calcineurin deletion but not the Ca(2+) @entity56 of prz1 deletion. In addition, mutations in the its2(+)/cps1(+), its8(+), and its10(+)/cdc7(+) genes that showed synthetic lethal genetic interaction with calcineurin deletion did not exhibit synthetic lethality with the prz1 deletion. Our results suggest that calcineurin activates at least two distinct signaling branches, i.e. the Prz1-dependent transcriptional regulation and an unknown mechanism, which functions antagonistically with the Pmk1 MAPK pathway.

title: Zinc finger protein Prz1 regulates Ca2+ but not Cl- homeostasis in XXXX . Identification of distinct branches of calcineurin signaling pathway in @entity6739 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['mating defect']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: To determine whether the site and morphology of @entity3361 provoked with @entity934 can predict the long-term prognosis of @entity951 , @entity3361 (more than 90% narrowing) provoked with @entity934 was studied in 66 consecutive @entity1 (56 males, 10 females, mean age 56 +/- 9 years) with @entity951 . All @entity1 were followed for 6.7 +/- 0.9 years and the incidence of @entity299 such as @entity944 , @entity583 or worsened unstable @entity951 was compared with the site and morphology of provoked @entity2473 . The site of @entity2473 was regarded as proximal when @entity2473 occurred in the proximal site of 3 major coronary arteries which was designated as segment 1, 6 or 11, according to the classification of the American Heart Association, and distal in other segments. The morphology of @entity2473 was classified into 3 types, focal (12 cases, localized more than 90% narrowing with adjoining parts constricting less than 25%), diffuse (17 cases, diffuse more than 90% narrowing), and intermediate (37 cases, localized more than 90% narrowing with adjoining parts constricting 25-90%). The site of @entity2473 was classified into 2 types, the proximal group (24 cases) and the distal group (42 cases). @entity299 occurred in 7 @entity1 during the follow-up period: @entity944 in 2, @entity583 in 2, and worsened unstable @entity951 in 3. As to the site of @entity2473 , the incidence of @entity299 was 21% (5/24 @entity1 ) in the proximal group, significantly higher than 5% (2/42) in the distal group (p < 0.05). As to the site of @entity2473 , the incidence of @entity299 was 41% (5/12) in the focal group, significantly higher than 3% (1/37) in the intermediate group and 6% (1/17) in the diffuse group (p < 0.001). The presence of proximal and focal @entity3361 was associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity299 . The site and morphology of @entity3361 provoked with @entity934 is related to the long-term prognosis of @entity951 .

title: [ @entity299 in XXXX : site and morphology of @entity3361 is related to the long-term prognosis of @entity951 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'Cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['vasospastic angina']


abstract: Aberrations in the G1-S transition have been observed in several @entity5 , suggesting that cell cycle defects are linked to the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of suppressor genes involved in the transformation process. The frequency of G1/S aberrations in @entity1 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) has not been fully clarified. We have therefore analyzed the cyclin E content, using Western blotting, in 79 @entity1358 and 12 corresponding kidney cortex tissues as well as the fraction of @entity993 -positive cells in 73 RCCs, using immunohistochemistry. Most of the @entity5 (65%) exhibited higher cyclin E levels than corresponding normal kidney cortex tissues. However, only a small fraction of the @entity5 (3 of 80) had excessive levels of cyclin E when cyclin E levels were compared with proliferation. Cyclin E levels higher than the median value were associated with @entity2007 (p = 0.025), high stage (p = 0.027), high grade (p = 0.013) and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; p = 0.005). Cyclin E was further inversely correlated with @entity4910 (p = 0.023) and positively correlated with @entity18923 (p = 0.003). Most @entity5 (76%) demonstrated a normal fraction of @entity993 -positive cells. There was an inverse correlation between @entity993 positivity and @entity5 size (p = 0.007), despite a lack of correlation between @entity993 and proliferation. @entity1 with @entity993 @entity5 had a poor survival (p = 0.002). There was no correlation between @entity993 and cyclin E levels. In summary, the results suggest that protein expression of cyclin E and/or @entity993 is linked to @entity5 behavior.

title: Cyclin E and @entity993 protein content in XXXX @entity1358 : clinical outcome and associations with cyclin D.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'low tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Individual variations in activity of pulmonary enzymes that metabolize @entity286 -derived carcinogens may affect an individual's @entity5 risk from cigarette smoking. To investigate whether some of these enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450IA-related) can serve as markers for carcinogen-induced DNA damage accumulating in the lungs of smokers, non-tumorous lung tissue specimens were taken during surgery from middle-aged @entity1 with either @entity2 (n = 54) or non-neoplastic @entity358 (n = 20). Phase I ( @entity4187 , ECDE) and phase II (EH, @entity46156 , GST) enzyme activities, @entity2041 and @entity1234 contents were determined in lung parenchyma and/or bronchial tissues; some samples were analyzed for DNA adducts, using 32P-postlabeling. Data analysis of subsets or the whole group of @entity1 yielded the following results. (1) Phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzyme ( @entity4187 , EH, @entity46156 , GST) activities in histologically normal surgical specimens of lung parenchyma were correlated with the respective enzyme activities in bronchial tissues of the same subject. (2) In lung parenchyma, enzyme ( @entity4187 , ECDE, EH, @entity46156 ) activities were significantly and positively related to each other, implying a similar regulatory control of their expression. (3) Mean activities of pulmonary enzymes ( @entity4187 , ECDE) were significantly (2- and 7-fold, respectively) higher in @entity2 @entity1 who had smoked within 30 days before surgery (except GST, which was @entity308 ) than in @entity5 with a similar smoking history. (4) In the @entity5 @entity1 , the time required for @entity4187 , EH and @entity46156 activities to return to the level found in non-smoking subjects was several weeks. (5) Bronchial tree and peripheral lung parenchyma preparations exhibited a poor efficiency in activating promutagens to bacterial mutagens in Salmonella. However, they decreased the mutagenicity of several direct-acting mutagens, an effect which was more pronounced in tissue from recent smokers. @entity2197 concentration and GST activity were positively correlated with mutagen inactivation in the same sample. (6) In recent smokers, @entity4187 activity in lung parenchyma was positively correlated with the level of @entity286 smoke-derived DNA adducts. (7) Pulmonary @entity4187 and EH activity had prognostic value in @entity286 -related @entity2 @entity1 . (8) An enhanced level of pro-oxidant state in the lungs was associated with recent cigarette smoking. @entity1234 level in lung parenchyma was associated with the degree of small airway obstruction, suggesting a common free radical-mediated pathway for both @entity2 induction and small airway obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Carcinogen metabolism and DNA adducts in @entity1 lung tissues as affected by XXXX smoking or metabolic phenotype: a case-control study on @entity2 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-free subjects', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde', 'malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) is the second most common primary @entity5 in childhood and adolescence. The improvement in survival is primarily associated with the combination of surgery and chemotherapy. HYPOTHESIS: Little is known about the outcome of adults with soft tissue @entity2828 or @entity6196 ( @entity6196 ). Certain prognostic factors from soft tissue @entity242 ( @entity5 size, @entity5 location, margin status, and initial presentation) in adults (>16 years) with @entity2828 / @entity6196 will help to identify factors associated with outcome. METHODS: Between July 1, 1982, and June 30, 2000, we identified 59 adult @entity1 with primary soft tissue @entity2828 / @entity6196 . Clinicopathologic factors were correlated with the end points studied: @entity1 factors, @entity5 factors, pathologic factors, status of surgical margins, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. RESULTS: There were 41 male and 18 female @entity1 , with a median age of 27 years (range, 16-72 years). Median @entity5 size was 8 cm, with all lesions being high grade. The most common site was the trunk (n = 22), with an even distribution of retroperitoneal, pelvis, buttock, and lower extremity (all n = 5). The median follow-up was 29 months (range, 6-222 months), with local recurrence identified in 13 @entity1 (22%), with a median time to recurrence of 15 months (range, 5-200 months). Overall 5-year survival was 60%. Initial presentation was the only predictor of long-term survival, with @entity5 -only presentation having a 5-year survival of 60% (median not reached) compared with @entity5 plus @entity3 having a 5-year survival of 33% (median, 17 months) (P =.02). CONCLUSION: Initial presentation of disease represents the only predictor of survival identified in this small group of adult @entity1 with @entity2828 / @entity6196 .

title: Adult soft tissue XXXX or @entity6196 : predictors of survival?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['PNET', 'primitive neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'osseous malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing sarcoma']


abstract: The concentrations of various components of follicular fluid were compared among three groups of follicles (small, <5 mm; medium: 5-10 mm; large, >10 mm) with a control that consisted of the components of umbilical serum using seven pregnant @entity54358 . Follicular oocytes recovered from the follicles were also used for measurement of oocyte diameter after removing the cumulus cells. The mean diameter of the ooplasm in the oocytes from the large follicles (143.2 microm) was significantly greater than those from the small (127.1 microm) and medium (131.7 microm) follicles, although there were no significant differences in diameter of the whole oocyte and thickness of the zona pellucida among the three follicular sizes. The osmolarity of the follicular fluid from the small follicles (363.3 mOsmol) was significantly lower than that of the medium follicles (388.9 mOsmol) and tended to be lower than that of large (381.9 mOsmol) follicles, respectively, both of which were similar to that of the umbilical serum (379.5 mOsmol). There was no significant difference in the concentrations of all components of the follicular fluid between the medium and large follicles. As compared with the values of the umbilical serum, the total-protein, @entity413 , albumin and @entity3878 concentrations of the follicular fluid from the medium and large follicles were significantly higher, and the total @entity165 and @entity460 concentrations were significantly lower. The concentrations of @entity880 (85.3-136.0 mg/dl) of the follicular fluid from the three groups of follicles were significantly lower than that of the umbilical serum (360.0 mg/dl). Among the follicles, the follicular fluid from the small follicles (136.0 mg/dl) contained a significantly higher concentration of @entity880 than that from the large follicles (85.3 mg/dl). The @entity1420 concentrations were not significantly different among the fluid from the three group of follicles and the umbilical serum: however, the @entity53 17-beta concentrations of the follicular fluid increased with the size of the follicle (14.3 and 34.6 ng/ml for small and large follicles, respectively). These results offer new information concerning whale reproductive physiology, especially for improvement of in vitro oocyte maturation and related technologies in whales.

title: Follicle size-dependent changes in follicular fluid components and oocyte diameter in @entity54358 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity54358 :: ('33556', 'Species') :: ['Antarctic minke whales']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity54358 :: (33556,Species) :: ['Balaenoptera bonaerensis']


abstract: Obesity during childhood and beyond may have its origins during fetal or early postnatal life. At present, there are no suitable in vivo experimental models to study factors that modulate or perturb @entity1 fetal @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) expansion, remodeling, development, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, or epigenetics. We have developed such a model. It involves the xenotransplantation of midgestation @entity1 @entity1386 into the renal subcapsular space of immunocompromised @entity915 -beige @entity19 . After an initial latency period of approximately 2 weeks, the tissue begins expanding. The xenografts are healthy and show robust expansion and angiogenesis for at least 2 months following transplantation. Data and cell size and gene expression are consistent with active angiogenesis. The xenografts maintain the expression of genes associated with differentiated adipocyte function. In contrast to the fetal tissue, adult @entity1 @entity1386 does not engraft. The long-term viability and phenotypic maintenance of fetal adipose tissue following xenotransplantation may be a function of its autonomous high rates of adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Through the manipulation of the host @entity19 , this model system offers the opportunity to study the mechanisms by which nutrients and other environmental factors affect @entity1 adipose tissue development and biology.

title: Xenotransplantation of XXXX fetal adipose tissue: a model of in vivo adipose tissue expansion and adipogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue', 'WAT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We determined whether defense by individual @entity5157 against non-nestmates in @entity5157 ( @entity5157 ) is correlated with their @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) titers, which are known to vary developmentally and seasonally. We bioassayed winter and summer @entity5157 for @entity146 individuals. @entity5157 in winter could not be distinguished by task group, but @entity5157 in summer were segregated into nurses and guards. @entity2338 titers were correlated with @entity146 at two levels. First, winter @entity5157 and summer nurses, known to have lower @entity2338 titers, both showed less aggression toward foreign @entity5157 than did summer guards. Second, aggressive individuals had significantly higher @entity2338 titers than did non-aggressive @entity5157 within each colony. Inter-colonial variation in @entity146 was maintained during summer and winter, suggesting a genetic basis for these differences. An alarm @entity5681 test further substantiated the existence of inter-colonial differences. We found significant variation in @entity2338 titers among different colonies, but this variation was not significantly associated with colony-level @entity146 . The correlation between @entity2338 and levels of @entity146 within a colony suggests a regulatory role for @entity2338 , but variation among colonies involves factors other than @entity2338 .

title: Juvenile hormone and aggression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile hormone', 'JH']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['honey bees', 'bees', 'Apis mellifera', 'Bees']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'aggressiveness', 'aggressive and non-aggressive']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['honey bees']


abstract: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main causative pathogen of @entity5825 ( @entity5825 ). The severe @entity16 caused by EV71 infection and the lack of effective therapeutic medicine underline the importance of searching for antiviral substances. @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ), an antioxidant, has been reported to inhibit the replication of coxsackievirus B (CVB) through dysregulating ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In this study, we demonstrated that @entity14568 exerted potent antiviral effect on EV71. Viral RNA synthesis, viral protein expression, and the production of viral progeny were significantly reduced by the treatment of @entity14568 in Vero cells infected with EV71. Similar to the previous report about the inhibitory effect of @entity14568 on UPS, we found that @entity14568 treatment led to decreased levels of polyubiquitinated proteins in EV71-infected cells. The inhibitory effect of @entity14568 on UPS was further confirmed by the increased accumulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins @entity3544 and @entity876 , which are normally degraded through UPS, while the expression levels of both proteins remained unchanged. We also showed that @entity14568 had no impact on the activity of proteasome. Thus, we demonstrated that the down-regulation of @entity14568 on UPS was the result of its inhibition on ubiquitination. More importantly, this study provides evidence that the inhibition on UPS was required for the antiviral activity of @entity14568 , since @entity16626 , a potent proteasome inhibitor, significantly inhibited the cytopathic effect and viral protein synthesis in EV71-infected cells. We also found that the antioxidant property of @entity14568 did not contribute to its antiviral effect, since @entity898 , a potent antioxidant, could not inhibit viral replication. In addition, CPE and viral protein synthesis were not inhibited in the cells pretreated with @entity14568 2h before @entity1800 and then cultured in the media with no @entity14568 supplement, while the antioxidant effect of @entity14568 was retained. @entity14568 also showed significant inhibition on apoptosis induced by EV71 infection when it was applied at the early stage of @entity1800 . Our results collectively suggest that @entity14568 could be a potential anti-EV71 compound which possesses both antiviral and anti-apoptotic capacity.

title: XXXX inhibits enterovirus 71 replication by down-regulating ubiquitin-proteasome system.

entities_list: @entity5825 :: ('MESH:D006232', 'Disease') :: ['HFMD', 'hand, foot, and mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-l-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity13373 :: (MESH:C020972,Chemical) :: ['Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: @entity31 , a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestines, is characterized by a dysregulated immune reaction. @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is associated with fecal @entity6636 . @entity1 and animal studies support the fact that the gastrointestinal microbiome may trigger the intestinal immune response, resulting in @entity31 . Fecal Microbial Transplant ( @entity8 ), by changing the gastrointestinal microbiome of @entity1 with @entity31 , may be a potential therapeutic option. METHODS:: Four @entity1 with moderate symptoms defined by @entity14811 Activity Index (PUCAI) were enrolled into a prospective, open-labeled study of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) via nasogastric tube in pediatric @entity31 (FDA IND 14942). After donor and @entity1 evaluation, @entity1 received @entity8 with follow up evaluations at 2, 6 and 12 weeks post transplant. Study subjects were maintained on their pre-transplant medications. PUCAI score, @entity1851 and stool calprotectin were completed during each study visit. RESULTS:: Four @entity1 with @entity31 were enrolled (all male). Ages ranged from 13-16 years. @entity1 tolerated @entity8 without severe adverse effects. None of the @entity1 clinically improved with @entity8 , nor were there any significant changes in stool calprotectin or laboratory values including @entity1851 , albumin and hematocrit. Three individuals received additional standard medical therapies prior to the end of the study. CONCLUSION:: This study, although showing that single dose @entity8 via nasogastric tube is well tolerated in active pediatric @entity31 , did not show any clinical or laboratory benefit.

title: Fecal Microbial Transplant via Nasogastric Tube for Active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['FMT', 'fecal microbial transplant']

entities_list: @entity14811 :: ('MESH:C536315', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity14811 :: (MESH:C536315,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: The orbital floor is frequently reconstructed after blow-out @entity174 or midface @entity174 to avoid a relapse of the repositioned orbital tissue and to prevent @entity9577 . A total of 31 @entity1 underwent reconstruction of internal orbital wall @entity174 with a resorbable 0.25 mm or 0.5 mm-thick @entity16265 implant ( @entity1480 ). Skeletal and functional outcome was evaluated retrospectively with regard to @entity174 size. @entity174 size was graded as small, moderate or large by CT scans and operating records. Two of the 25 @entity1 with small or moderate defects showed an @entity9577 of 2-3 mm. Five of the six @entity1 with large defects or two orbital wall @entity174 had @entity9577 . The scar that formed after implant resorption was to weak to provide adequate support of the globe or to compensate the enlarged orbital volume. Endoscopic follow-up examination of 12 @entity1 showed yielding of the scar in the orbital floor already in moderate defects. Eight @entity1 had @entity892 in extreme gaze and two had significant @entity892 . Blow-out and @entity174 with @entity154 in the orbital floor (up to a size of 2.5 cm2) can be reconstructed by @entity16265 sheet to avoid @entity9577 . @entity16265 implants should only be used in cases without massive orbital fat herniation. The scar formed after implant resorption may influence functional outcome.

title: Orbital floor reconstruction with an alloplastic resorbable XXXX sheet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['small to moderate defects']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'midfacial fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity9577 :: ('MESH:D015841', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity16265 :: ('CHEBI:61607', 'Chemical') :: ['Polydioxanone', 'polydioxanone']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity16265 :: (CHEBI:61607,Chemical) :: ['polydioxanone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term corticosteroid use may increase @entity231 risk. The @entity231 ( @entity231 ) III ranked lens opacities as Class 1: 0.5-0.9  unit; Class 2: 1.0-1.4  units; or Class 3: >= 1.5  units in clinical trials of combined @entity10438 and @entity6410 (MF/F) administered by @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ). We examined retrospectively shifts in @entity231 in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) or @entity565 . METHODS: We analyzed pooled @entity231 III data from two @entity1030 studies and separately analyzed @entity231 III data from an @entity565 study. @entity1030 subjects were randomized to twice daily MF/F 200/10   g, MF/F 400/10   g, MF 400   g, F 10   g, and placebo; @entity565 subjects were randomized to MF/F 200/10   g, MF/F 400/10   g, @entity5023 / @entity10453 (FP/S) 250/50   g, and FP/S 500/50   g. @entity231 changes were analyzed post hoc for proportions of subjects with @entity231 III grade increases >= 0.5, >= 1.0, or >= 1.5  units at weeks 26 and 52. RESULTS: Proportions of subjects in the @entity1030 studies with Class 1 (>= 0.5  unit), 2 (>= 1.0  unit), or 3 (>= 1.5  units) increases in @entity231 III at week 26 (N  =  1675) ranged from 15.5 to 18.6%, 3.3-6.0%, and 0.9-2.2%, respectively. At week 52 (N  =  1085), proportions of active-treated subjects with Class 1, 2, or 3 increases in @entity231 III ranged from 26.6 to 28.9%, 6.3-10.7%, and 2.6-5.9%, respectively. Treatment differences in lenticular shifts were generally small and nonsignificant in the @entity565 study. CONCLUSION: No clinically relevant trends were observed in the @entity231 III assessment of lenticular shifts during treatment of @entity1030 and @entity565 @entity1 , although further study may be needed to confirm the findings presented here. In these trials, MF/F effects on lens opacity were not observed. (Clinicaltrials.gov numbers: NCT00383435, NCT00383721, and NCT00379288.).

title: Appraisal of lens opacity with @entity10438 / @entity6410 combination in XXXX with @entity1030 or @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Lens Opacities Classification System', 'Lenticular opacity', 'lenticular opacity', 'LOCS', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'metered-dose inhaler']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In early @entity14 , the standard treatment for superficial @entity189 limited to the mucosa is endoscopic polypectomy or local resection. If the @entity189 invades the submucosa, the standard surgical procedure is bowel resection with lymph node dissection. In advanced @entity694 , the ideal extent of bowel resection is defined by removing the blood supply and lymphatics at the level of the origin of the primary feeding arterial vessels. When the @entity5 is equidistant from two feeding vessels, both vessels should be excised at the origin. It is desirable to remove is more than 10 cm of the bowel on either side of the @entity5 . The value of no-touch isolation is controversial. Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy should be limited to clinical trials. For @entity1 with advanced @entity5 , 4-6 cm clearmargins from the attached mesorectum distal to the @entity5 are desirable. The ideal distal margin length is 3 cm or greater from the transected mucosal edge to the distal edge of the @entity5 . The inferior mesenteric artery should be excised at its origin. Extended lateral lymph node dissection is indicated for @entity1 with lower @entity5 invading the muscularis propria or deeper. In stage IV and recurrent @entity5 , surgical resection is recommended if it appears to offer cure.

title: [Actual standards and controversies in XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the available literature on the management of tophi in @entity210 . This article is based on the Cochrane Review Interventions for Tophi in Gout published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were searched using a strategy developed with an experienced librarian. We also searched American College of Rheumatology and European League Against @entity627 conference abstracts from 2010-2011. Included articles were reviewed in detail and a risk of bias (using the Cochrane tool) and quality assessment were performed. RESULTS: In total, 3206 references were recovered. Of these, 72 articles were selected based on our inclusion criteria. This included 1 report of 2 randomized controlled trials, 2 nonrandomized studies, and 69 case series and reports. The study with 2 randomized controlled trials looked at pegloticase. This showed improvement in tophi with treatment. One observational prospective trial looked at @entity208 and @entity11368 individually and in combination. It noted that achieving lower serum urate levels was associated with a @entity353 . An open-label extension trial noted that longterm maintenance of serum @entity414 < 6.0 mg/dl with @entity20082 led to a reduction in tophi. The case series and reports looked at surgical, pharmacological, and other interventions, as well as combination therapies. All surgical interventions reported improvement in @entity158 and/or function. No report had objective measures of outcome. CONCLUSION: Treatment with urate-lowering therapy such as @entity208 , @entity11368 , @entity208 + @entity11368 in combination, @entity20082 , or pegloticase can lead to reduction in tophi. There is some evidence that achieving a lower serum urate level leads to a faster rate of @entity353 .

title: Interventions for tophi in XXXX : a Cochrane systematic literature review.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['tophi reduction', 'faster reduction of tophi']

entities_list: @entity20082 :: ('MESH:C084623', 'Chemical') :: ['febuxostat']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity11368 :: ('MESH:D001553', 'Chemical') :: ['benzbromarone']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anticoagulation-treated @entity1 presenting with @entity932 , including subdural @entity1410 , @entity4282 , @entity510 , and @entity1779 , require urgent correction of their @entity1003 to prevent worsening @entity548 and to facilitate surgical intervention when necessary. In this study, we compared the use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) with that of Factor IX complex concentrate (FIXCC) to achieve rapid correction of @entity1229 anticoagulation. METHODS: @entity1 admitted to a tertiary care center with computed tomography-proven @entity932 and a prothrombin time of more than 17 seconds were considered for inclusion in the study protocol. Complete data sets were obtained for eight @entity1 randomized to treatment with FFP and five @entity1 randomized to treatment with FFP supplemented with FIXCC. The prothrombin time and International Normalized Ratio were measured every 2 hours for 14 hours. Correction of anticoagulation was defined as an International Normalized Ratio of < or =1.3. RESULTS: A difference in repeated International Normalized Ratio measurements during the first 6 hours of correction was observed between the FIXCC and FFP groups (P < 0.03). The rate of correction was greater (P < 0.01) and the time to correction was shorter (P < 0.01) for the FIXCC-treated group. No difference in neurological outcomes was detected between groups, but a higher complication rate was observed for the FFP-treated group. CONCLUSION: The use of FIXCC accelerated correction of @entity1229 -related anticoagulation in the presence of @entity932 .

title: Use of factor IX complex in @entity1229 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']


abstract: The @entity2199 @entity1542 causes anisakidiasis, a disease that often mimics other @entity344 . @entity1 with digestive haemorrhaging, @entity30 , @entity5 and @entity698 were analysed for antibodies to A. simplex. Antibody detection was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting using crude extract (CE) antigen and excretory-secretory (ES) products. Total immunoglobulin (Igs), IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE were studied. The highest percentage was obtained when Igs were tested against CE antigen. A higher percentage of positivity was observed with the @entity698 group. The @entity30 group showed the highest levels of IgG against the ES antigen. Using immunoblotting, 24% and 48% of sera from @entity1 with symptoms of @entity30 and digestive haemorrhaging, respectively, showed a positive immunorecognition pattern of CE antigen. The prevalence of detectable antibodies against A. simplex is higher in @entity1 with digestive disorders than in the healthy population. A linear correlation was observed between prothrombin activity and Igs-CE, IgA-CE and IgA-ES but not between IgE-CE and the other immunoglobulin levels. Specific IgA is associated with a higher activity index of @entity30 . Specific antibodies were observed against A. simplex in @entity1 with @entity698 and @entity1820 , indicating a higher rate of positivity for IgA.

title: Immunoglobulins anti-Anisakis simplex in XXXX with @entity344 .

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['digestive cancer']

entities_list: @entity1542 :: ('6269', 'Species') :: ['Anisakis simplex']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Type I @entity1204 is accompanied by @entity1373 and @entity1204 is not. The purpose of our study is to identify genes involved in carcinogenesis of @entity1204 , especially those differentially expressed by @entity5 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using a cDNA array technique, we examined expression of 1176 @entity5 -related genes in @entity1204 cells sampled from 21 @entity5 with a diameter of <10 mm, and we compared the expression patterns of the @entity5 cells with expression patterns of corresponding normal endometrial cells. Of these, 10 cases were @entity5 , and 11 cases were @entity5 . Laser capture microdissection directed precise separation of cells of interest from stromal cells. In @entity5 cells relative to normal cells, we identified genes that were commonly up- and down-regulated. Then we identified genes differentially expressed by the two types of @entity5 . Finally, in situ protein expression of some of these gene products was examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Of 1176 genes examined, 32 genes were up-regulated, and 58 were down-regulated in @entity5 cells (P < 0.05). Between the two types of @entity5 , 45 genes were highly expressed in @entity5 , and 24 were highly expressed in type II. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that P-cadherin expression was @entity5 specific, and @entity9961 and @entity6756 expression were limited to @entity5 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A more accurate way of assessing gene expression during endometrial carcinogenesis shows evidence of providing candidate genes for use in conquering @entity1204 .

title: A large-scale gene expression comparison of microdissected, small-sized XXXX with or without @entity1373 matched to same-patient normal tissue.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer', 'type II endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'type II cancers', 'cancer', 'type I cancers', 'type I and type II cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor-C']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2887 are among the most widely prescribed antibiotics. However, concerns about increasing resistant microorganisms and the risk of dysglycemia associated with the use of these agents have emerged. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the appropriate use of commonly prescribed @entity2887 , including appropriate indication, dose, dose adjustment in @entity8 , and duration of treatment. The secondary objective was to investigate the dysglycemic effect of @entity3284 use ( @entity4053 and/or @entity4854 ) in @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective observational study at a teaching hospital in Lebanon was conducted over a 6-month period. A total of 118 @entity1 receiving broad-spectrum @entity2887 ( @entity5553 , @entity2177 , and @entity3477 ) were identified. @entity1 were mainly recruited from internal medicine floors and intensive care units. RESULTS: The final percentage for the appropriate indication, dose, and duration of @entity3284 therapy was 93.2%, 74.6%, and 57.6%, respectively. A total of 57.1% of the @entity1 did not receive the appropriate dose adjustment according to their level of @entity8 . In addition, dysglycemia occurred in both @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 . Dysglycemia was more frequently encountered with @entity2177 (50.0%), followed by @entity5553 (42.4%) and @entity3477 (7.6%). @entity4854 was more common than @entity4053 in all groups. The highest incidence of @entity4854 occurred with @entity5553 (70.0%), followed by @entity2177 (39.0%) and @entity3477 (33.3%). In contrast, @entity4053 did not occur in the @entity2177 group, but it was more common with @entity3477 (11.1%) and @entity5553 (6.0%). CONCLUSION: The major clinical interventions for the future will adjust the dose and duration of therapy with commonly prescribed @entity2887 . The incidence of @entity4053 was less common than @entity4854 .

title: Evaluation of the appropriate use of commonly prescribed XXXX and the risk of dysglycemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3284 :: ('D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolone']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluoroquinolones', 'fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity2887 :: (MESH:D024841,Chemical) :: ['fluoroquinolones']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous investigation at our department of a young @entity1 with typical @entity7350 revealed @entity2414 as well as hypoperfusion of the temporal lobes on single photon emission tomography (SPECT) (CERETEC) examination, 6 and 7 years after recovery, suggesting long lasting or even permanent @entity75 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We investigated four cases with classical adolescent @entity7350 characterized by @entity2147 and typical associated symptoms. We used neuropsychological testing and SPECT (CERETEC) of the brain. The results from the previous report related to above is included. RESULTS: Examination with SPECT (CERETEC) during remission revealed hypoperfusion of the temporal lobes and fronto-temporal region in two of four cases. There were normal findings in two. Neuropsychological testing performed during remission showed reduction in the short-term memory capacity in all four cases. CONCLUSION: It is striking that all the cases investigated showed @entity2414 . One @entity1 who had recovered from paroxysmal symptoms ( @entity2147 attacks and @entity6426 ) 6 years earlier showed progress in the @entity2414 . A pathologic condition in the temporal lobes may be suspected in @entity7350 .

title: Short-term @entity2414 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7350 :: ('MESH:D017593', 'Disease') :: ['Kleine-Levin syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['short-term memory dysfunction']

answer: @entity7350 :: (MESH:D017593,Disease) :: ['Kleine-Levin syndrome']


abstract: @entity4114 @entity281 is endemic in 53 countries and is confined to Africa and the Middle East.1,2,3 It is estimated that about 90 million @entity1 are infected and that at least 180 million @entity1 are exposed to the risk of @entity281 .1 Fortunately, the morbidity caused by @entity4114 @entity281 is probably low, even though it is still difficult to define and evaluate this morbidity with any precision. @entity4114 @entity281 is not a significant cause of @entity204 in most endemic areas.1,2 In fact, this particular @entity281 is mild and often without symptoms. In some cases, the only clinically relevant symptom is recurrent, painless @entity811 .2 Among @entity1 living in endemic areas, almost all @entity1 are infected by the parasite and, in some cases, complications develop, such as chronic @entity8 , @entity1494 , and @entity189 .2 The seriousness of the disease is related to the rate of @entity281 , since the active disease is more frequently detected among @entity1 aged 5-15 years.1,3,4 In developing countries, strategies for the control and prevention of the increasing diffusion of the @entity4114 @entity281 are mainly aimed at the following: (1) education of the population to avoid contamination of fresh water with urine, possibly containing viable eggs of the parasite; (2) education to avoid bathing in or contact with, contaminated water; (3) control of irrigation systems and snails; and (4) use of noninvasive diagnostic techniques and treatment of infected subjects.2,3 In industrialized countries, @entity4114 @entity281 is a rare, imported disease. In most cases, it exhibits only mild symptoms related to the urinary tract. The disease is often frequently unsuspected and misdiagnosed. In fact, @entity4114 @entity281 is usually suspected only in @entity1 immigrating from endemic areas and suffering from urinary tract symptoms, whereas correct diagnosis is often delayed in most cases of infected @entity1 returning from a visit to an endemic area with similar symptoms. In addition, only a few laboratories can perform the correct diagnostic procedures. One such procedure is urine filtration, which can detect the presence and determine the number of @entity4114 eggs in urine samples obtained from infected subjects. In Italy, the number of reported cases of @entity4114 @entity281 has increased in recent years. The increase is due to the increasing presence of immigrants from endemic African countries (unpublished data). The aim of this work was to describe the case report of an Italian family, which was infected by @entity4114 while vacationing in Malawi, and to emphasize that, in addition to immigrants from endemic areas, this @entity281 should be suspected in @entity1 who travel to these areas and who return, suffering from urinary tract symptoms.

title: A Family Case Report of XXXX Infection in Italian Travelers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal infection']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity4114 :: (6185,Species) :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification and removal of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is important to minimize the risk of persistent or recurrent @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). While the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasound for the assessment of lateral compartment node @entity3 is well recognized, its role in the identification of central compartment node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity3557 is less established. This study delineates the utility of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) for the assessment of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity3557 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of 227 consecutive @entity1 who underwent total thyroidectomy for biopsy-proven @entity3557 by a single endocrine surgeon in an academic tertiary care center between 2004 and 2014. Preoperative sonographic results were compared to postoperative pathology reports to determine the accuracy of @entity2101 for the assessment of @entity5 . Statistical analysis also included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS: @entity2101 identified abnormal central compartment nodes in 51 (22.5%) @entity1 . All 227 @entity1 underwent a careful central compartment node exploration. One hundred and four (45.8%) @entity1 had @entity5 identified by surgery, of whom 65 (62.5%) had a negative preoperative central compartment @entity2101 . The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative @entity2101 for the assessment of @entity5 were 0.38 and 0.90, respectively. The @entity2286 and NPV were 0.76 and 0.63, with an accuracy of 0.66. CONCLUSION: Preoperative @entity2101 is quite specific for the identification of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity3557 . The present findings emphasize, however, that a negative @entity2101 does not obviate the need for careful exploration of the central compartment to minimize the risk of persistent or recurrent @entity66 .

title: Preoperative High-Resolution Ultrasound for the Assessment of Malignant Central Compartment Lymph Nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MCLN', 'malignant central compartment lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-resolution ultrasound', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of surgery on @entity5 progression and @entity528 in hemispheric diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II. Twenty-eight @entity1 who were operated or underwent stereotactic biopsy for hemispheric diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II at Marmara University between January 1987 and January 1996, were prospectively reviewed for the presence of recurrence and histopathological dedifferentiation at their fourth years after the initial treatment. Twenty-two @entity1 underwent surgical resection. Of this group, 7 @entity1 had a total, 11 had a subtotal and 4 @entity1 had a partial resection. Six @entity1 underwent stereotactic biopsy. All @entity1 , except for the ones in whom a radiological total surgical removal could be achieved, received postoperative radiotherapy. In the total surgical-removal group only one @entity1 had recurrence, while no upgrade was noted. All of the @entity1 in the partial resection and stereotactic biopsy groups recurred at a higher grade. Our results indicate that both @entity5 progression and histopathological dedifferentiation were less commonly seen when a total or subtotal resection could be achieved. So, surgery, as radical as possible, should be the choice of treatment in low-grade hemispheric @entity816 .

title: Effect of surgery on @entity5 progression and @entity528 in hemispheric diffuse low-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['malignant degeneration']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An electrophysiologic and histologic study on nerve roots after mechanical compression and/or local application of nucleus pulposus (NP) was performed. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of mechanical compression and/or chemical @entity146 caused by NP. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It has been shown that application of NP to nerve roots without compression induces histologic and functional changes in nerve roots and the dorsal root ganglia. In clinical situations, however, mechanical compression has also been considered an important factor in disc herniation. METHODS: Eighteen @entity235 (9-15 kg) were used in this study. Four groups were used to assess the effect of each factor: 1) sham group (n = 3); 2) NP group (NP applied under the S1 lamina) (n = 5); 3) comp group (a plastic balloon placed under the S1 lamina) (n = 5); and 4) comp+NP group (a balloon and NP placed under the S1 lamina) (n = 5). Ascending cauda equina action potentials (CEAPs) and cauda equina-sensory nerve conduction velocity ( @entity6723 ) were recorded before, immediately after, and 1 week after treatment. Histologic changes were also assessed by light microscopy. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in CEAP and @entity6723 among the four groups immediately after the treatment. However, 1 week after treatment, the amplitudes in the NP group, comp group, and comp+NP group were statistically significantly lower compared with those in the sham group. The comp+NP group showed significantly lower amplitude than did the NP group and comp group. Immediately after treatment, @entity6723 in the NP group and comp group did not show significant differences compared with that in the sham group. However, 1 week after treatment, @entity6723 in the comp+NP group was significantly lower compared with that in the sham group. Histologic changes such as @entity4 , @entity4 , and nerve @entity130 seemed to be more pronounced in the comp+NP group than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that each of the assessed factors induces @entity129 . However, the combination of mechanical compression (mass effect of herniated NP) and chemical @entity146 ( @entity32 around nerve root) may induce more @entity128 than each factor per se.

title: Pathomechanisms of @entity128 caused by disc herniation: an experimental study of mechanical compression and chemical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['intraneural edema', 'Schwann cell edema']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve root injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['fiber injury']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['irritation']


abstract: AIM: Under the current increased financial constraints affecting the @entity283 ( @entity283 ), clinical negligence claims and associated compensations are constantly rising. Our aim was to identify the magnitude, trends and causes of malpractice claims in relation to a common pathology such as @entity14 in the @entity283 . METHOD: Data requests were submitted to the @entity283 Litigation Authority (NHSLA) and to the Medical Defence Union (MDU) and Medical Protection Society (MPS). Data were reviewed, categorized clinically and analysed in terms of causes and costs behind claims. RESULTS: Data from the MPS and MDU were unavailable. In all, 169 claims were identified from the NHSLA database between 2003 and 2012; 123 (73%) cases had been closed, 80 (65%) of which were successful. An increasing overall claim frequency and success rate were found over the last few years. Total litigation expenses were   8.6 million, with 39% paid out as legal expenses. The commonest cause of complaint in successful claims was in relation to diagnostic delays or @entity177 (58%,   5.1 million), with a delay or @entity177 by the clinician to take action in response to an abnormal investigation result being a major factor. The occurrence of peri-operative complications (20%,   1.6 million) was the second commonest cause. CONCLUSION: Average frequency and success rates of malpractice claims in secondary care in the @entity283 are rising, leading to significant overall payouts. The @entity177 or delay in diagnosing @entity260 is a common cause behind malpractice claims. Improvement in these areas could enhance @entity1 care and reduce future claims.

title: Medical malpractice claims in relation to XXXX in the national health service.

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['NHS', 'National Health Service']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal malignancy or its postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['failure', 'failures']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal malignancy']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Helical computed tomography provides valuable information about extent of @entity788 . However, it remains difficult to detect small distant metastases. Laparoscopic examination is becoming standard for @entity5 staging. METHODOLOGY: Between 1995 and 1999, 45 @entity1 with radiologically resectable @entity788 were analyzed retrospectively to clarify the indications for and role of staging laparoscopy. Computed tomography was examined for @entity5 size and spread to portal or superior mesenteric veins (PV) and celiac or superior mesenteric arteries (A). RESULTS: There were 29 (64%) @entity1 with resectable disease, 4 (9%) with localized unresectable, and 12 (27%) with metastatic (hepatic in 7 and peritoneal in 5). @entity1 with @entity3 were more likely to present with @entity158 than were @entity1 with resectable disease (p < 0.05). The mean @entity5 size and involvement of PV or A were greater in metastatic @entity1 than in resectable @entity1 (p < 0.005 or p < 0.01). The survival rate for @entity1 with @entity3 was lower than that for @entity1 with resectable disease (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: According to clinical features and computed tomography findings, laparoscopic exploration is recommended for @entity5 staging. Helical computed tomography and staging laparoscopy categorize @entity1 into those with localized and those with @entity3 which considerably correlated with survivals.

title: Staging with helical computed tomography and laparoscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic head cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain, vomiting, and back pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic head cancer']


abstract: @entity1112 (MIM #300860), caused by mutations in @entity15011 (MIM *312180), is characterized by @entity2122 (synophrys, prominent supraorbital ridges, deep-set, almond-shaped eyes, @entity308 nasal bridge, prominent columella, @entity2150 , and @entity5020 ), @entity8492 ( @entity3427 , @entity12520 , @entity47540 ), @entity18272 , moderate to severe @entity717 ( @entity717 ), @entity1957 , @entity73 /absent speech, and @entity410 . Hitherto only five familial point mutations and four different deletions including @entity15011 have been reported in the literature.We present eight additional individuals from five families with @entity15011 associated @entity717 - three males from a consanguineous family, in whom we identified a small deletion of only 7.1 kb encompassing the first three exons of @entity15011 , two related males with a @entity15011 missense mutation in exon 4, a @entity1 with a de novo nonsense mutation in exon 6, and two sporadic males with larger deletions including @entity15011 . All affected male individuals share the typical clinical phenotype, all carrier females are unaffected and presented with a completely skewed X inactivation in blood. We conclude that 1.) @entity1112 is a clinically very distinct entity that might be underdiagnosed to date. 2.) So far, all females carrying a familial @entity15011 aberration have a completely skewed X inactivation and are clinically unaffected. This should be taken in to account when counselling those families. 3.) The coverage of an array should be checked carefully prior to analysis since not all arrays have a sufficient resolution at specific loci, or alternative quantitative methods should be applied not to miss small deletions.

title: XXXX is a clinically distinct, probably underdiagnosed entity.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity5020 :: ('MESH:D008265', 'Disease') :: ['macrostomia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked intellectual disability type Nascimento']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic alae nasi']

entities_list: @entity47540 :: ('OMIM:614149', 'Disease') :: ['onychodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity12520 :: ('MESH:C535655', 'Disease') :: ['myxedematous appearance']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor delay']

entities_list: @entity8492 :: ('MESH:D012868', 'Disease') :: ['skin anomalies']

entities_list: @entity18272 :: ('MESH:C536649', 'Disease') :: ['micropenis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity1112 :: (MESH:D040181,Disease) :: ['X-linked intellectual disability type Nascimento']


abstract: PURPOSE: For @entity1204 @entity1 , there is a need for improved identification of high-risk groups that may benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy. We therefore studied the prognostic impact of markers for cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation, and angiogenesis among @entity1204 @entity1 in a population-based setting. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1204 between 1981 and 1985 in Hordaland County, Norway, were studied. The median follow-up for the survivors was 11.5 years (range, 8 to 15 years), with no @entity1 lost because of insufficient follow-up information. Paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue, available in 96% of the cases (n = 142), was studied immunohistochemically for microvessel density (MVD) and expression of Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 proteins. We used the hot spot method for calculation of MVD, and expression of Ki-67 and @entity3544 protein, because this approach may increase the probability of detecting small aggressive clones of possible prognostic relevance. The importance of these @entity5 markers was investigated in univariate survival analyses and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The majority of traditional clinicopathologic variables was significantly associated with the @entity5 biomarkers. Age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histologic type, histologic grade, MVD, as well as Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 protein expression, all significantly influenced survival in univariate analyses (P < or = .05). In the Cox regression analysis, age, FIGO stage, MVD, Ki-67 expression, and @entity876 expression were the only variables with independent prognostic impact (P < or = .05), whereas histologic type, histologic grade, and @entity3544 expression had no independent influence. A group of high-risk @entity1 with more than one unfavorable marker was identified. CONCLUSION: In addition to age and FIGO stage, MVD, Ki-67, and @entity876 protein expression showed an independent prognostic impact. Thus, information derived from routine histologic specimens identified a subgroup of high-risk @entity1204 @entity1 in this population-based study.

title: Prognostic significance of angiogenesis and Ki-67, @entity876 , and XXXX expression: a population-based @entity1204 study.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity3544 :: (644914,Gene) :: ['p21']