abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation between episodes of acute rejection and the development of graft @entity453 remains controversial. We examined the hypothesis that acute rejection episodes accelerate graft @entity301 formation in @entity95 allografts. METHODS AND RESULTS: A control group (n = 5) received @entity205 5 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 6 weeks after heterotopic heart transplantation. In a rejection group (n = 5), @entity205 was omitted for 4 days at 1 and 4 weeks after transplantation. We studied cross sections of grafted hearts at 6 weeks and evaluated myocardial rejection grade, incidence, and severity and cell composition of intimal lesions in multiple coronary artery profiles. Episodic withdrawal of @entity205 augmented myocardial rejection (International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grades 0, 0, 0, 0, and 1A in the control group to grades 1A, 1B, 2, 3A, and 3B in the rejection group). Episodes of acute rejection significantly increased the incidence (7.8 +/- 2.7% to 49.7 +/- 1.9%) and severity (from grade 0.10 +/- 0.04 to 0.79 +/- 0.24) of intimal thickening in graft coronary arteries. Most intimal lesions consisted of smooth muscle cells and contained various degrees of T-lymphocyte infiltration but sparse macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model, episodes of acute rejection precipitated by @entity205 withdrawal accelerated the development of graft vascular lesion formation. Activation of vascular cells and leukocyte recruitment during acute rejection may thus contribute to the pathogenesis of graft @entity4288 .

title: Acute rejection accelerates graft coronary disease in transplanted XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arteriosclerosis lesion']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: During the @entity35 estrous cycle there are marked changes in the concentrations of serum @entity53 (E2) and @entity1420 . The objective of the present study was to examine the acute effects of E2 and @entity1420 on isolated pituitaries obtained at 1230 h at each stage of the 4-day cycle. At time zero, single quartered anterior pituitaries were placed in a chamber and superfused at 0.5 ml/min with medium 199 with or without @entity230 for 360 min; sequential 10-min effluent samples were collected. @entity7438 (10 ng/ml) was administered as two successive 10-min pulses at 120 and 240 min. The proestrous and the diestrous-II pituitaries in vitro exhibited the characteristic @entity7438 self-priming response: an increased LH secretory response to a second pulse of @entity7438 in both the absence and presence of @entity230 in the superfusion medium; however, the magnitude of the response to the initial pulse of @entity7438 was reduced significantly when E2 (50 pg/ml) was present. The presence of @entity1420 (50 ng/ml) resulted in a marked augmentation of the LH secretory response to the first pulse of @entity7438 ; when both E2 and @entity1420 were included in the superfusion medium, the stimulatory effect of @entity1420 was reduced. The @entity1420 augmentation of @entity7438 -induced LH secretion was present after 60 min of @entity134 exposure in vitro but was not demonstrable after only 10 min of exposure. @entity1880 inhibited the @entity1420 augmentation and the @entity7438 self-priming without affecting the LH secretory response to the initial @entity7438 pulse in the absence of @entity134 . @entity1420 augmentation was not observed on estrus and diestrous-I. The presence of E2 in the medium, however, resulted in a significant decrease in the response to the first pulse of @entity7438 for pituitaries from either estrus or diestrous-I. These data 1) demonstrate that E2 by itself suppresses @entity7438 -induced LH secretion by the proestrous pituitary and 2) provide proof for a direct stimulatory action of @entity1420 , in the absence of E2, on the proestrous pituitary and suggest a positive feedback role for @entity1420 during the preovulatory LH surge. (Endocrinology 108: 413, 1981)

title: Acute @entity1420 and 17 beta- XXXX modulation of luteinizing hormone secretion by pituitaries of cycling @entity35 superfused in vitro.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Magnetic resonance (MR) was performed in 50 @entity1 with @entity6583 . Comparison was made with other neuroradiological imaging modalities including CT, myelography, CT ventriculography, and CT myelocisternography. Eighteen @entity1 were found to have intraventricular cysts. In several @entity1 , these were multiple and 22 intraventricular cysts were discovered. Although 4 of the 22 ventricular cysts were missed by MR, T1-weighted images can play a significant role in the early detection of intraventricular @entity3993 , showing the cyst wall (9 of 22), a high intensity mural nodule (6 of 22), and increased signal intensity of the cyst fluid (5 of 22). Cisternal cysts (14 cysts in 10 @entity1 ) could be identified; they appear similar to intraventricular cysts, but mural nodules are infrequently seen (1 of 14). Twenty-nine @entity1 had 69 parenchymal cysts. An attempt was made to assess the viability of these parenchymal lesions by matching the CT and MR findings with the Escobar pathologic staging system. Neuroimaging findings seemed compatible with early parenchymal lesions in the vesicular stage in 11 instances. Findings in cases with later stage cysts tend to support the concept that a dying larva provokes pronounced inflammatory reaction in the adjacent brain. Computed tomography remains the superior modality for depicting parenchymal calcifications within dead larvae. A case of a spinal @entity3993 cyst demonstrated with MR (in a @entity1 with extensive intracranial cisternal cysts and a fourth @entity67 ) is described.

title: MR imaging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis cysts', 'cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cyst']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['neurocysticercosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although immigrants to the United States are usually ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged, foreign-born @entity1 generally have lower rates of low birth weight @entity1 than do US-born @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To measure the relationship between maternal birthplace, ethnicity, and low birth weight @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of birth certificate data. SETTING: @entity7452 , 1992. SUBJECTS: Singleton @entity1 (n = 497 868) born to Asian, black, Latina, and white @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Very low birth weight (500-1499 g), moderately low birth weight (1500-2499 g), and normal birth weight (2500-4000 g, reference category). RESULTS: Foreign-born Latina @entity1 generally had less favorable maternal characteristics than US-born Latinas, yet foreign-born Latina @entity1 were less likely to have moderately low birth weight @entity1 (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.96) than US-born Latinas after adjusting for maternal age, education, marital status, parity, @entity286 use, use of prenatal care, and gestational age. While foreign-born Asian @entity1 generally had a less favorable profile of maternal characteristics than US-born Asians, there was no statistically significant difference in the odds of very low birth weight or moderately low birth weight @entity1 between foreign- and US-born Asian @entity1 . Foreign-born black @entity1 had more favorable maternal characteristics than US-born @entity1 , but there was no significant nativity difference in very low birth weight or moderately low birth weight between foreign- and US-born black @entity1 after adjusting for maternal and @entity1 factors. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between maternal birthplace and low birth weight varies by ethnicity. Further study is needed to understand the favorable pregnancy outcomes of foreign-born Latina @entity1 .

title: Maternal birthplace, ethnicity, and low birth weight in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

answer: @entity7452 :: (MESH:D004670,Disease) :: ['California']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms of @entity2414 are very common with estimated prevalence between 22% and 50% in those older than 65 years of age. Those with symptoms of @entity2414 and impaired performance on memory tests are at high risk of progression to @entity195 . The relative importance of different aspects of the clinical history in predicting @entity73 is uncertain. METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 with symptoms of @entity2414 were recruited from the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. A clinician recorded type and duration of memory symptoms as perceived by the @entity1 and their informant, and use of memory aids. All @entity1 subsequently underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychologic testing. FINDINGS: (i) Informant, but not @entity1 , ratings of memory were associated with performance on tests of memory function and with hippocampal size on MRI. (ii) Decreased use of memory aids and shorter duration of memory symptoms were more common in those with @entity2414 . INTERPRETATION: In a clinical setting, information gathered from the history was associated with @entity73 on memory testing and brain appearances on MRI. The history from a close informant is particularly important being more strongly predictive of @entity73 (P=0.0002) than subjective symptoms, use of memory aids or duration of symptoms.

title: Symptoms of XXXX as predictors of @entity73 ?: the use and reliability of memory ratings in a clinic population.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory loss']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses light to activate a photosensitizer to achieve @entity5 control. In this study, PDT mediated by a second-generation photosensitizer, @entity11338 @entity11338 (Tookad) was investigated as an alternative therapy for @entity263 . Normal @entity235 prostate was used as the animal model. PDT was performed by irradiating the surgically exposed prostate superficially or interstitially at 763 nm to different total fluences (100 or 200 J/cm2; 50, 100 or 200 J/cm) at 5 or 15 min after intravenous administration of the drug (2 mg/kg). Areas on the bladder and colon were also irradiated. The local light fluence rate and temperature were monitored by interstitial probes in the prostate. All animals recovered well, without urethral complications. During the 1 week to 3 month post-treatment period, the prostates were harvested for histopathological examination. The PDT-induced lesions showed uniform @entity548 @entity39 and @entity194 , were well delineated from the adjacent normal tissue and increased linearly in diameter with the logarithm of the delivered light fluence. A maximum PDT-induced lesion size of over 3 cm diameter could be achieved with a single interstitial treatment. There was no @entity1494 or rectum caused by scattered light from the prostate. The bladder and rectum were also directly irradiated with PDT. At 80 J/cm2, a full-depth @entity39 was observed but resulted in no perforation. At 40 J/cm2, PDT produced minimal @entity1494 or rectum. On the basis of optical dosimetry, we have estimated that 20 J/cm2 is the fluence required to produce @entity1069 . Thus, the normal structure adjacent to the prostate can be safely preserved with careful dosimetry. At therapeutic PDT levels, there was no structural or functional urethral damage even when the urethra was within the treated region. Hence, Tookad-PDT appears to be a promising candidate for prostate ablation in @entity1 with recurrent, or possibly even primary, @entity263 .

title: Preclinical studies in normal @entity235 prostate of a novel XXXX ( @entity11338 ) photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['localized tumor']

entities_list: @entity11338 :: ('MESH:C456120', 'Chemical') :: ['WST09', 'palladium-bacteriopheophorbide']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the bladder']

answer: @entity11338 :: (MESH:C456120,Chemical) :: ['palladium-bacteriopheophorbide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Stapes gusher means the leakage of perilymphatic liquid when opening the perilymphatic cistern. The perilymphatic liquid with a high pressure gushes with a great flow out of the cistern when the stapedotomy is executed. @entity8719 surgery sometime brings to light abnormal contact between the inner ear and the sub-arachnoidian spaces in @entity1 who didn't presented @entity2169 . It's a very rare event (1/1000) which is different from a much more common and more moderate form of perilymphatic liquids high pressure (1/200). About 4 clinical observations, we compared our experience with other authors in specialist reviews. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: About four observations, we confronted our experience with that of the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study between 1971 and 1998. It was about 3 males and 1 female, without antecedent except one of them who had been operated 5 years before for the opposite ear without gusher but without good audiometric result. They presented a @entity2319 with no answer of the stapedial reflex. We had 4 geysers during the platinotomia which were sealed with some connective tissue. RESULTS: Two @entity1 had a post operative complete @entity393 , one, a sensitive decline of the conduction thresholds (average 50 dB), the last one kept his bone conduction level with a mild @entity393 . The most recent case had a scanner preoperatively which had not shown abnormality except for the focus of @entity8719 . DISCUSSION: Perilymphatic gusher is an unpredictable event that can not be diagnosed before the surgery, nether with clinical facts nor radiological elements. This involves serious consequences concerning not only the continuation of the surgical operation and the prognostic of the hearing but also concerning the danger of secondary meningeal infections. The best way to proceed in case of favourable cases consists in fitting the ossicular prothesis into the stapedotomy, when it's not to wide. Pieces of muscle can be used in some cases, taped on with biologic glu. Various techniques are used to lower the pression of the cerebrospinal liquid: hypertonic solutes, diuretic drugs, lumbar diversion. In all cases, it is necessary to start a wide spectrum antibiotic treatment and a vaccination against pneumococcis. CONCLUSION: The surgeon has to know all the option of the treatment when confronted with this situation in order to try to avoid tricky defect of the inner ear.

title: [Perilymphatic effusion as a complication of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis', 'Otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['conductive deafness']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear malformations']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['sensory hearing loss']

answer: @entity8719 :: (MESH:D010040,Disease) :: ['otosclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Multiple studies have used administrative datasets to examine the epidemiology of @entity295 in general, but the entity of @entity86 has been studied less intensively. Therefore, we undertook an analysis of the epidemiology of @entity86 using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the largest in- @entity1 dataset available in the United States. METHODS: Elective admissions of @entity1 aged 18 yr or older with a length of stay more than 3 days for any 1 of the 20 most common elective operative procedures were extracted from the dataset for the years 1997-2006. @entity86 was defined using the appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes; severe @entity295 was defined as @entity295 along with organ dysfunction. Logistic regression was used to assess the significance of temporal trends after adjusting for relevant demographic characteristics, operative procedure, and comorbid conditions. RESULTS: We identified 2,039,776 admissions for analysis. The rate of severe @entity295 increased from 0.3% in 1997 to 0.9% in 2006. This trend persisted after adjusting for relevant covariables-the adjusted odds ratio of severe @entity295 per year increase in the study period was 1.12 (95% CI, 1.11-1.13; P < 0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate for @entity1 with severe @entity86 declined from 44.4% in 1997 to 34.0% in 2006; this trend also persisted after adjustment for relevant covariables-the adjusted odds ratio per year was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93-0.95; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: During the 10-yr period that we studied, there was a marked increase in the rate of severe @entity86 but a concomitant decrease in the in-hospital mortality rate in severe @entity295 .

title: Temporal trends in the epidemiology of severe XXXX after elective surgery: a large, nationwide sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative sepsis', 'postoperative sepsis']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the demographic, clinical, endoscopic and histological spectrum of @entity1066 ( @entity1066 ). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Medical Unit-III, @entity580 ( @entity580 ) and Ward 7, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, from January 2009 to June 2012. METHODOLOGY: @entity1 with @entity1066 , based on characteristic endoscopic and histological findings, were enrolled. @entity1 were excluded if they had other causes of the @entity75 ( @entity5 , @entity281 , @entity29 , and @entity130 ). Endoscopically, lesions were divided on the basis of number (solitary or multiple) and appearance ( @entity1066 ). Demographic, clinical and endoscopic characteristics of subjects were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria; 21 (47.7%) were females and 23 (52.3%) were males with overall mean age of 33.73 _plusmn;13.28 years. Symptom-wise 41 (93.2%) had @entity548 per rectum, 39 (88.6%) had mucous discharge, 34 (77.3%) had straining, 34 (77.3%) had @entity1142 , 32 (72.7%) had tenesmus, 5 (11.4%) had rectal prolapse and 2 (4.5%) had @entity1241 . Twelve (27.27%) @entity1 presented with hemoglobin less 10 gm/dl, 27 (61.36%) with 10 - 12 gm/dl and 05 (11.36%) subjects had hemoglobin more than 12 gm/dl. Endoscopically, 26 (59.1%) @entity1 had mucosal ulceration, 11 (25.0%) had mucosal ulceration with polypoid characteristics; while only polypoid features were found in 7 (15.9%) subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity1066 affects adults of both genders with diverse clinical presentation and nonspecific endoscopic features.

title: XXXX : Demographic, Clinical, Endoscopic and Histological Panorama.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['rectal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome', 'ulcerative, polypoidal/nodular or erythematous mucosa', 'SRUS', 'Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Civil Hospital Karachi', 'CHK']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome']


abstract: The treatment of severe @entity1988 remains problematic. We have analysed retrospectively 17 @entity1 with corticoresistant @entity1988 treated with pulse @entity786 . Single monthly doses (500 mg/m2) were given by intravenous infusion with a mean of 10.4 infusions per @entity1 (3 to 18). A comparison of parameters at entry and at the end of the treatment revealed an improvement in @entity644 (4.8 vs 1.9 g/24 h; p < 0.013) whereas mean serum @entity1011 level and SLAM (Systemic Lupus Activity Measure) remained stable. The results were identical at follow up (mean: 14.5 months). Most of the therapeutic effect was achieved as soon as the 6th pulse. Further treatment was beneficial for four @entity1 only. None of the studied parameters (serum @entity1011 level, renal biopsy, SLAM) was predictive of a response to an extended course of pulse @entity786 . The infusions were definitively stopped in one @entity1 and delayed in two others because of serious adverse effects. The data indicate that, in mean term, monthly intravenous @entity786 was associated with a substantial amelioration of 24 hours urinary protein level. An amelioration of the renal function was however, uncommon.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with intravenous @entity786 ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the average activity of @entity6343 depends on the ethnicity of the population under study but little information is available on Chinese. We here provide an analysis of the range of activities and antigenic levels of factor XII in healthy Han Chinese and correlate the measurements with polymorphisms and mutations in the corresponding gene. METHODS: Plasma samples were obtained from 549 healthy Chinese adults (264 @entity1 , 285 @entity1 ; age 16-79years) undergoing routine check-ups. The samples were subjected to an activated partial thromboplastin time-based factor XII activity assay as well as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Partial gene sequence analyses were performed in subjects with low factor XII activity and in normal controls. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of the subjects had factor XII activities between 47% and 160.25%, with no evidence for an influence of sex or age. Among 15 subjects with activity levels  <=47%, we found one novel nonsense and two missense mutations that may lead to dysfunctional proteins. No mutations were found in a selection of subjects with activities above 47%. Interestingly, however, the particular sequence at a known @entity6344 polymorphism at position 46 just upstream of the translational start codon was correlated with factor XII activity. Subjects homozygous for the T allele, which has an allelic frequency of 0.69, showed significantly lower factor XII activities compared to subjects homozygous for the C allele or those heterozygous for C/T. CONCLUSIONS: The survey determined the normal range of factor XII activities in healthy Chinese and identified mutations as well as a biased representation of a polymorphic nucleotide in subjects with abnormally low activities. The results provide an essential basis for the diagnosis of @entity942 in Chinese.

title: Normal range and genetic analysis of XXXX in the general Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C/T']

entities_list: @entity6343 :: ('2161', 'Gene') :: ['coagulation factor XII']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['FXII deficiencies']

answer: @entity6343 :: (2161,Gene) :: ['coagulation factor XII']


abstract: Molecular characterization of chromosomal rearrangements is a powerful resource in identification of genes associated with @entity74 . We describe the molecular characterization of a balanced familial chromosomal translocation, t(16;22)(p13.3;q11.2), segregating with @entity9762 . This led to the discovery of a cluster of lens-derived expressed sequence tags (ESTs) close to the 16p13.3 breakpoint. This region harbors a locus associated with @entity231 and @entity4353 . Long-range PCR and 16p13.3 breakpoint sequencing identified genomic sequence in a @entity1 genome sequence gap, and allowed identification of a novel four-exon gene, designated @entity12342 , which encodes a predicted protein of 223 @entity1522 . The breakpoint lies in the promoter region of @entity12342 and separates the gene from predicted eye-specific upstream transcription factor binding sites. There is sequence conservation among orthologs down to @entity3392 . The protein is predicted to contain four transmembrane domains with homology to the lens intrinsic membrane protein, @entity12343 (also known as @entity12343 ), in the @entity12344 /EMP/ @entity12343 family. @entity12342 mutation screening in 130 @entity231 @entity1 revealed missense mutations leading to the exchange of highly-conserved @entity1522 in the first extracellular domain of the protein ( @entity12345 , @entity12346 ) in two separate @entity1 and their reportedly healthy sibling and mother, respectively. In the lens, @entity12342 shows expression in the lens epithelial cells extending into the transitional zone where early fiber differentiation occurs. Our findings implicate dysregulation of expression of this novel @entity1 gene, @entity12342 , in @entity1 @entity231 formation.

title: Characterization of a familial t(16;22) balanced translocation associated with XXXX leads to identification of a novel gene, @entity12342 , expressed in the lens and disrupted by the translocation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity12345 :: ('p|SUB|I|35|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.I35T']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract', 'congenital cataract']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['monogenic disorders']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lamellar cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['congenital cataract']


abstract: @entity2812 is a newer antiepileptic drug useful as oral adjunctive therapy in @entity302 . Indian data on use of @entity2812 is limited. This study was conducted to evaluate add-on @entity2812 in Indian @entity1 with @entity302 . Twenty @entity1 (median age 90 months) receiving @entity2812 as add-on therapy for mean 26.7 (19.1) months, were followed for a median period of 7.9 (6-10) months. Follow-up was done every two weeks. The most common @entity410 types were either generalized tonic-clonic (6, 30%) or @entity2045 (8, 40%). The average dose used was 3.86 mg/kg/day (with concomitant @entity1092 ). Good response (>50% reduction) or complete @entity410 control was seen in 72% @entity1 . Side effects were seen in 27.5% @entity1 and were mild in more than half of these. @entity2812 was stopped in two @entity1 due to adverse reactions, which resolved on stopping the drug. @entity2812 was observed to be an effective, add-on, broad-spectrum antiepileptic with 'mild' side effects in Indian @entity1 .

title: Add-on @entity2812 in pediatric XXXX in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamotrigine', 'lamotrigine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated for the first time in a national survey whether older @entity1 were less likely than younger adults with the same symptom severity to receive treatment for @entity146 ( @entity146 ). METHOD: We analysed data from the 2007 English Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, representative of @entity1 living in private homes. 7461 (57%) @entity1 approached took part. We used the revised Clinical Interview Schedule to measure @entity146 symptom severity. RESULTS: Older @entity1 were less likely than younger adults to receive talking therapy and to have seen their GP in the last year about mental health, and more likely to receive @entity1245 , after adjusting for @entity146 symptoms. Adults aged 35-74 were the most likely to take antidepressants. There was also preliminary evidence that @entity1 from non-white ethnicities were less likely to be taking antidepressants and to have seen their GP in the last year about their mental health. LIMITATIONS: We only recorded current treatment, and it is possible that older adults were less likely to be receiving treatments they had found unhelpful earlier in their lives. We asked @entity1 whether they had seen their GP about a mental health problem in the last year, but this question may not have detected those who attended for somatic manifestations of their anxieties. CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity1 are less likely to receive evidence-based treatment for @entity146 . Managers and clinicians should prioritize reducing this inequality.

title: The treatment of XXXX across age groups: results from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['CMD', 'Common Mental Disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Common Mental Disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether outcomes have changed over time for a managed, systematic approach to @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ). DESIGN: Retrospective comparison of medical record and @entity204 certificate data of adults who died over a 7-month period in 2007/08 with those of adults who died over an 11-month period in 1995/96. SETTING: All healthcare organizations in La Crosse County, Wisconsin. @entity1 : Five hundred forty adults who died in 1995/96 and 400 adults who died in 2007/08. INTERVENTION: A systematic @entity1442 approach, Respecting Choices, collaboratively implemented in 1993 and continuously improved in subsequent years. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic and cause-of- @entity204 data were collected from @entity204 certificates. Type and content of any @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ), existence and content of Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment, and medical treatment provided at the location of @entity204 in the last 30 days of life were abstracted from the medical record. RESULTS: The recent data show a significantly greater prevalence of ADs (90% vs 85%, P=.02) and of availability of these directives in the medical record at the time of @entity204 (99.4% vs 95.2%, P<.001) than the data collected over 10 years ago. The new data suggest that quality efforts have improved the prevalence, clarity, and specificity of ADs. CONCLUSION: A system for @entity1442 can be managed in a geographic region so that, at the time of @entity204 , almost all adults have an advance care plan that is specific and available and treatment is consistent with their plan.

title: A comparative, retrospective, observational study of the prevalence, availability, and specificity of advance care plans in a county that implemented an XXXX microsystem.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'advance care planning', 'ACP', 'advance directive']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['advance care planning']


abstract: Life phenomena have been studied scientifically for more than 160 years. Meanwhile many excellent technology and methodology which @entity1 race created have been used in the field of medicine. Analytical research for the constitution of life and impediments to life has remarkably advanced. Pathophysiology of @entity66 has been clarified and reasonable and effective treatment for disorders has been organized. @entity74 which showed high mortality in the past are now listed as one of minor diseases in the textbook. However, the disease which cause is unclear and which deprives @entity1 race of life still exists. That is "CANCER". The society of medicine devotes the greatest energies to abolish the @entity5 . I am going to talk about the physiological characteristics of "the @entity5 in @entity1 race" from the gynecological standpoints and to present some facts of studies about the therapy for @entity5 in our department. I. Evolution of @entity1 and @entity5 1. Life of species and life of individuals In the development from uni-nuclear cell creature to multicellular entity, to give new generation sexual reproduction was out-lasted for the adaptation to environment advantageously after the spread out of mutant gene in this entity. With this evolution, a living creature divided its cells into two types. One is somatic cells which would die in certain period and the other is germ cells which would not die on principle in good environment. In short well evolved living entity clearly established individual life span for the first time and its constituent, that is somatic cells demonstrated "AGEING" phenomena regulating life span.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX and therapy for it--from gynecological standpoints].

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Many disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['many diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: To characterize the temporal activation of the renin-angiotensin system after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in @entity95 , we examined cardiac ANG II type 1 receptor ( @entity1129 (1)R) expression and ANG II levels from 3 h to 35 days. The effects of @entity9886 (12.5 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) on functional and histomorphometric parameters when treatment was initiated early (3 h) and late (day 15) @entity583 and maintained for different periods of time [short term (4 days), midterm (20 days), and long term (35 days)] were also studied. @entity1129 (1)R expression increased in the @entity583 zone at 15 and 35 days (P < 0.05). ANG II levels increased (P < 0.05) in the non- @entity583 zone at 24 h and in the @entity583 zone as well as in plasma at 4 days and then progressively decreased until 35 days. The survival rate was significantly lower in untreated @entity583 and early long-term-treated animals. Diastolic pressure-volume curves in @entity583 at 35 and 56 days shifted to the right (P < 0.05). This shift was even more pronounced in long-term-treated groups (P < 0.05). Contractility decreased (P < 0.05 vs. sham) in the untreated and long-term-treated groups and was attenuated in the midterm-treated group. The early administration of @entity9886 reduced RAM 11-positive macrophages from 4.15 +/- 0.05 to 3.05 +/- 0.02 cells/high-power field (HPF; P < 0.05) and CD45 RO-positive lymphocytes from 2.23 +/- 0.05 to 1.48 +/- 0.01 cells/HPF (P < 0.05) in the @entity583 zone at 4 days. Long-term treatment reduced the scar collagen ( @entity583 : 70.50 +/- 2.35% and @entity583 + @entity9886 : 57.50 +/- 2.48, P < 0.05), determined the persistency of RAM 11-positive macrophages (3.02 +/- 0.13 cells/HPF) and CD45 RO-positive lymphocytes (2.77 +/- 0.58 cells/HPF, P < 0.05 vs. @entity583 ), and reduced the scar thinning ratio at 35 days (P < 0.05). Consequently, the temporal expressions of @entity299 (1)R and ANG II @entity583 in @entity95 are different from those described in other species. Long-term treatment unfavorably modified @entity583 remodeling, whereas midterm treatment attenuated this harmful effect. The delay in wound healing (early reduction and late persistency of inflammatory infiltrate) and adverse remodeling observed in long-term-treated animals might explain the unfavorable effect observed in @entity95 .

title: Effect of early versus late @entity1129 (1) receptor blockade with XXXX on postmyocardial infarction ventricular remodeling in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac AT']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: @entity2334 were detected in 72 residents (44 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 ) in a stable midwestern community over a 30-year period, for an age- and sex-adjusted incidence of 5.9 new @entity439 per 100,000 @entity1 -years. The incidence was equal in both sexes and decreased slightly over the 30 years. Ages ranged from 47 to 93 years (median 65 years for @entity1 and 77 years for @entity1 ). The ascending aorta was involved in 37 @entity1 , the aortic arch in 8, and the descending aorta in 27. Pathologic examination was performed in 51 @entity1 . The cause was @entity1580 in 27 @entity1 (53%), @entity731 in 15 (29%), @entity3665 in 4 (8%), @entity39 in 3 (6%), and syphilis in 2 (4%). All autopsied @entity1 had pathologic evidence of significant @entity101 . Eleven @entity1 (25%) had concomitant @entity1028 . @entity397 occurred in 53 @entity1 (74%) and 50 died. Thirty-seven of these @entity1 had no prior diagnosis of @entity439 . The median interval between diagnosis and @entity397 in the 16 remaining @entity1 was 2 years (range 1 month to 16 years). Ninety-five percent of @entity1580 ruptured and 51% of nondissecting @entity1756 . The actuarial 5-year survival for all 72 @entity1 was 13%; for @entity1 with @entity1580 , 7% and for @entity1 without dissection, 19.2%.

title: XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['cystic medial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'Rupture']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissections', 'aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms ruptured']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['Thoracic aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the results of endoscopic transpterygoid intervention of nine @entity1 with @entity3976 and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks within lateral recess of sphenoid sinus (LRSS). The diagnosis, operative techniques and their related problems were discussed. METHODS: Nine hospitalized @entity1 with @entity3976 and CSF leaks within lateral recess of sphenoid sinus (LRSS) were included in this paper. Six were male and 3 were female, aged from 27 to 56 years old. Two @entity1 had the histories of endoscopic repair. The preoperative orientation of CSF leaks and @entity3976 depended on CT scan and MR cisternography. Endoscopic transpterygoid intervention and the repair of skull base defects were undertaken under general anesthesia. RESULTS: All the operations were successful. One @entity1 had a postoperative intracranial @entity101 and @entity1276 . Two @entity1 had @entity86 and @entity2419 . One of them had a @entity7560 . All the symptoms above mentioned relieved gradually 6 months after operation. No recurrence was found during follow -up for 6 to 58 months (mean 25. 6 months). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic transpterygoid intervention for @entity3976 and CSF leaks within LRSS is a minimally invasive technique and a straightforward approach.

title: [Endoscopic transpterygoid intervention of XXXX within lateral recess of sphenoid].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalocele']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ipsilateral facial, upper lip']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatal hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity7560 :: ('MESH:D014985', 'Disease') :: ['xerophthalmia']

answer: @entity3976 :: (MESH:D004677,Disease) :: ['meningoencephalocele']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report ocular manifestations associated with @entity12517 . DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, observational case series. @entity1 : Nine @entity12517 @entity1 with ocular involvement. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity12517 presenting with ocular complaints from September 2006 to October 2006 were included in the study. The @entity281 was confirmed by demonstration of @entity12517 immunoglobulin M antibody in sera of all @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent an ophthalmic examination including fundus photography, fundus @entity941 angiography, confocal microscopy of keratic precipitates, and optical coherence tomography. Positive ocular changes were recorded and tabulated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characteristics, frequency, and locations of @entity3217 found in the @entity1 . RESULTS: There were 9 @entity1 with @entity3217 ; 1 had @entity3170 , 5 presented with @entity697 , and 3 had @entity2479 . Four to 12 weeks before the development of ocular manifestations, all of these @entity1 had @entity221 . Although there were no specific changes of @entity5502 that were diagnostic of the @entity221 , the retinal changes were consistent with @entity989 . All @entity1 recovered from the @entity281 with relatively good vision. CONCLUSION: It appears that @entity5502 and @entity2479 are the most common ocular manifestations associated with @entity12517 , with a typically benign clinical course. Less frequent @entity3217 include @entity3170 . All the @entity1 responded well to the treatment with preservation of good vision. To the best of our knowledge, similar ocular manifestations associated with @entity12517 have not been reported. In the differential diagnosis of @entity5502 and @entity2479 with features suggestive of a @entity1800 , the entity of @entity12517 -associated ocular changes should be considered in the regions affected by the epidemic.

title: Ocular manifestations associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity12517 :: ('MESH:D065632', 'Disease') :: ['chikungunya infection', 'chikungunya']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['viral retinitis']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['nodular episcleritis', 'episcleritis']

answer: @entity12517 :: (MESH:D065632,Disease) :: ['chikungunya']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of right ventricular (RV) performance in @entity1 presenting with @entity3126 following scorpion @entity5900 . DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. @entity1 : Eight consecutive adult @entity1 stung by yellow scorpion Androctonus australis and presenting with @entity3126 at hospital admission. INTERVENTIONS: In all @entity1 , standard hemodynamic parameters and RV volumes were measured using a pulmonary artery catheter equipped with a rapid responding thermistor enabling measurement of RV ejection fraction (RVEF). MEASUREMENTS: Hemodynamic evaluation was performed at the time of hospital admission prior to any therapeutic intervention and just before the removal of the pulmonary catheter (2.3 +/- 0.5 days after admission) in the surviving @entity1 (n = 7). RESULTS: All @entity1 had a decreased RVEF (24 +/- 7%) and cardiac index (2.44 +/- 0.5 L/min/m2) and @entity432 (23 +/- 6 mm Hg). Right ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume ratio was decreased (.56 +/- .19 mm Hg/mL/m2), suggesting an altered RV contractility. Follow-up evaluation performed in survivors, without any inotropic support, showed hemodynamic changes reflecting a trend toward full recovery. Right ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac index improved markedly (from 24 +/- 7% to 39 +/- 10% and from 2.44 +/- 0.5 to 4 +/- .3 L/min/m2, respectively). Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, peak systolic pulmonary artery pressure, and mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased significantly from baseline values (12 +/- 3 mm Hg, 29 +/- 5 mm Hg, and 20 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively). Right ventricular end systolic pressure/volume ratio remained almost constant, suggesting that afterload enhancement accounted predominantly for RVEF improvement. CONCLUSION: These data show that RV function impairment is associated with left @entity67 , suggesting similarities between left ventricular and RV alterations following severe scorpion @entity5900 providing further arguments to the hypothesis of scorpionic @entity2401 .

title: Right XXXX following severe scorpion @entity5900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['increased pulmonary artery occlusion pressure']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study goal was to evaluate the efficacy of CO    laser surgery in the treatment of @entity16850 . We analysed several parameters such as gender, average age, relapse rate and viral serotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 26 diagnosed @entity1 were included in this retrospective descriptive review. All of them were treated with CO    laser for @entity1724 between 1995 and 2010. RESULTS: This pathology was more prevalent in males (65.5%), with a slight predominance of a single larynx localisation over multiple lesion locations. @entity1082 ) DNA was detected in 75.8% of the cases; genotypes 6 and 11 prevailed. Of the @entity1 in this review, 44.8% relapsed; the relapse average was 2-3 episodes per @entity1 . A total of 20.7% of cases were in remission (no relapse in the last 2 months); 34.5%, clearing (no apparent relapse in the last 3 years); and 41.3% in the healing stage (without relapse in the last 5 years). There was only one case that showed @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity1185 is characterised as a pathology with an unpredictable course and with a low probability of @entity5 . CO    laser surgery has meant a revolution in symptomatic treatment, but there is presently no curative treatment.

title: [ @entity1185 _ XXXX . Treatment with CO    laser surgery. Our experience over 15 years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16850 :: ('MESH:C537876', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal papillomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['Papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity16850 :: (MESH:C537876,Disease) :: ['laryngeal papillomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 are rare low-grade malignant @entity5 and constitute 2-5% of all @entity2 . In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical presentations, types of surgery, long-term treatment outcomes and survival rates of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 treated surgically in our clinic. METHODS: @entity1 operated in our clinic between 1992 and 2008 with confirmed or suspected diagnoses of @entity5 were included in our study. @entity1 ' hospital records were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 104 @entity1 (age 19-71 years, mean 44  13 years, 2 SD) with pathologically confirmed @entity5 were analyzed. A total of 84 @entity1 (81%) were diagnosed as typical and the remaining 20 (19%) being atypical @entity5 . As many as 24 @entity1 (23%) were asymptomatic. The most frequent symptom was recurrent @entity1729 (35%). The most used surgical procedures were lobectomy (47%) and bilobectomy (16%). Mean postoperative follow-up period was 72 months (6-190 months). No surgery related mortality was noticed. As many as 15 (14%) @entity1 died during the follow-up period. Overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 89% and 72%, respectively. For typical @entity5 , the 5- and 10-year survival rates were 92% and 83%, and for @entity4303 73% and 46%, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we noticed histological subtype, stage of the disease and the type of surgery performed to be prognostic factors of @entity5 . Atypical @entity5 tend to be more metastatic and had worse prognosis when compared with typical @entity5 . We conclude that surgery is the best treatment of choice for @entity5 , especially parenchyma-sparing procedures, because of their good mid- and long-term survival rates.

title: Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors of @entity1 with surgically treated pulmonary carcinoid: our institutional experience with 104 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumors', 'neoplasms', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'Pulmonary carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['atypical carcinoids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Adenovirus (AdV)-mediated gene expression of immune stimulators represents a valuable in vivo approach for gene therapy of @entity1 @entity5 . The expression level of the therapeutic gene is of crucial importance for the efficacy of this type of treatment. Entry of AdV is dependent on the primary adenovirus receptor CAR and the secondary AdV receptor identified earlier to be a member of the integrin family of surface molecules. We have analyzed 14 different @entity1 @entity320 cell cultures from different stages together with one @entity320 cell line for their AdV-mediated transduction and expression efficiency. Recombinant viruses at various concentrations were used for expression of the @entity7938 costimulatory molecule under the control of different promoters and the expression levels of @entity7938 were analyzed by flow cytometry. AdV-mediated IL-12 expression was measured using a commercial ELISA. Levels of transgene expression were compared with the expression levels of @entity9698 , the alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 integrins, and HLA class I. In 4 of 14 cell cultures tested, the presence of the primary virus receptor CAR was associated with the high transduction efficiency phenotype when using the @entity7938 - and IL-12-expressing viruses at a relatively low @entity281 ( @entity281 ) of 50. Immunohistochemistry on cryosections from the original biopsies yielded a strong signal specific for CAR. In contrast, cell cultures expressing low or undetectable levels of CAR needed a 20- to 40-fold higher viral input to show comparable expression level of @entity7938 or IL-12. Expression levels of the transgenes hardly varied when using different promoters and no association was observed with the presence or absence of HLA class I molecules or with the expression levels of integrins.

title: The presence of @entity1 @entity9698 is associated with efficient adenovirus-mediated transgene expression in XXXX @entity320 cell cultures.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiplicity of infection', 'MOI']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The global number of youths has risen with a majority living in Southeast Asia. In Cambodia, rural youths often face difficult barriers to health, which include lack of @entity458 knowledge, information, and services. Risky behaviors are a threat to the health of many young @entity1 in Cambodia. METHODS: We studied a sample of 300 youths to describe @entity458 characteristics and @entity146 in two rural provinces of Cambodia. Using a multi-staged sampling method, 30 villages were selected for interviewing. A peer-to-peer interviewing criterion was used that matched interviewer to interviewee based upon sex. @entity2357 models were used to compare risk between sexes and assess for associations between reproductive health variables, gender, youth attitudes, and risky youth social behaviors. RESULTS: A majority (90%) stated that a @entity1 or @entity1 should defer sex till marriage. A majority of youths (92%) also reported that they may or definitely will seek @entity458 services in the future. About 5.4% of youth had a prior sexual experience. Only 6.7% of youth reported having they traveled to a local health center, hospital or clinic to seek healthcare for a reproductive health problem. Overall, 27% reported @entity285 use in prior 30 days. Relative to @entity1 , @entity1 were more likely to report @entity285 use, going out late at night with friends, gambling, pornography use, gambling, and practicing @entity146 with peers. Living with both parents and current school enrollment, had limited impact on rural youth's individual and social behaviors. CONCLUSION: Although there are favorable findings compatible with traditional Cambodian values and beliefs, the youth in this study are challenged with @entity285 use, practicing @entity146 with peers, and low condom use. Findings have implications for practice and policy to prevent @entity734 and improve outcomes for substance use, @entity458 .

title: Characteristics of youth XXXX and @entity146 in two rural provinces of Cambodia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'boys', 'boy', 'girls', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['risky behaviors']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and reproductive health']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual and reproductive health']


abstract: @entity6694 ( @entity6694 ) is a rare @entity74 affecting only @entity1 . The prevalence is 1:15000. The most characteristic features of @entity6694 are: lack of development, wringing of the hands. Musculoskeletal system is also affected and @entity1635 remains the biggest challenge. Aim of paper is to describe the curve progression pre-operatively, course of surgery and finally radiological and subjective results of treatment. Postoperative follow-up was 3.1 year. We describe a series of 9 @entity1 with @entity6694 and @entity1635 treated surgically in single Institution. All presented @entity1635 that increased with a rate of mean 16.1 degrees per year. Preoperatively curves ranged from 52 degrees up to 120 degrees Cobb angle. Curve pattern was similar in all cases, long thoraco-lumbar curve with @entity1514 . All @entity1 underwent surgery. Posterior fusion with Luque-Galvestone technique, posterior hybdrid fusion or anterior fusion was performed depending on the degree of @entity1635 . Surgery and postoperative period were uneventful. Mean @entity190 was 650 ml; mean obtained correction was 38%, with minimal correction loss at final follow-up. No additional surgery was required. Most caregivers were subjectively satisfied with surgery. @entity1635 in @entity6694 @entity1 is progressive, with a high annual rate. Surgery should be performed I cases of curves of 40-50 degrees in specialized centers. The procedure is safe, and does not affect general condition nor deteriorate neurological status. In non-ambulant @entity1 fusion should be carried out to the pelvis.

title: [ @entity1635 in XXXX --own experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['RS', 'Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic hyperkyphoisis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis', 'scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

answer: @entity6694 :: (MESH:D015518,Disease) :: ['Rett syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity741 ( @entity741 ) has markedly increased in India over the past few years. Considering the variations in racial, dietary and lifestyle patterns in our population, it is essential to study the biology of @entity453 in our @entity1 . Vulnerable plaques have a large number of foam cells, extracellular lipid, thin fibrous caps and clusters of inflammatory cells and are more prone to @entity397 . These plaques are nourished by the microvessels arising from the vasa vasorum of the blood vessels and by lumen-derived microvessels through the fibrous cap. This autopsy study was designed to analyse the coronary arterial tree in cases of @entity1164 , classify @entity453 and to assess the factors contributing to vulnerability of the plaques including @entity32 , @entity730 and microvascular density. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven cases of @entity1164 were included in the study. The hearts were perfusion-fixed and the coronary arteries along with their main branches were dissected and studied. The location of the plaques, type of plaques, presence of @entity32 and @entity730 were assessed. The cap thickness and microvessel density per 1000 um 2 were assessed. The statistical significance was estimated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Extensive high-grade @entity453 was seen in all @entity1164 cases. Majority of the plaques were vulnerable. High-grade @entity32 was seen in most of the vulnerable and @entity397 . All the @entity397 were uncalcified indicating that @entity730 probably stabilizes the plaques and protects against @entity397 . Increased microvessel density was noted in @entity397 compared to vulnerable plaques. However, it was not statistically significant.

title: @entity453 in XXXX : an autopsy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured plaques', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic disease', 'coronary atherosclerotic plaques', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 with T3,N2,M0 or T4,N2,M0, @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) took part in a phase 2 study in an attempt to evaluate the feasability of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and thoracic radiotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of daily administration of the following treatment: @entity2879 , 100 mg/m2; @entity900 , 25 mg/m2; @entity1260 , 1.5 g/m2; and mesna, 1.8 g/m2 for 4 days. Three cycles were planned starting every 21 days. Responding @entity1 underwent a thoracotomy in order to attempt a resection and then received a 45 Gy of thoracic radiotherapy. The results of response and resection rates have been published and the present final report deals with the long-term results. Chemotherapy induced a 55 percent partial response rate and a 15 percent complete response rate allowing a complete resection in 55 percent of the @entity1 . Complete remission was histologically confirmed for the five complete responders. Although the median survival was short (10 months), six @entity1 were long-term survivors (3-year survival rate: 19 percent). Survival was significantly influenced by the type of resection: @entity1 for whom a complete resection was possible survived the longest with a median survival three times that of the other @entity1 . Modalities of relapses differed according to the results of surgery: 8 of the 15 @entity1 who did not undergo a complete surgical resection experienced a local relapse during the first 18 months of follow-up whereas in the complete resection group, @entity149 was the main site of relapse. We conclude that the neoadjuvants @entity1260 , @entity900 , and @entity2879 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 are feasible to use and allow a 19 percent 3-year survival rate. These results are the rationale of an ongoing randomized study comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and surgery alone. This study is designed to test whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 .

title: Long-term results of neoadjuvant @entity1260 , XXXX , and @entity2879 combination in locally advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although previous animal studies have shown structural changes in @entity2790 such as @entity194 of the LGN, such changes have not been thoroughly studied in @entity1 @entity726 @entity1 nor correlation made with clinical stage. Our aim was to investigate prospectively LGN @entity194 in @entity1 with @entity725 using 3T MR imaging and correlation with the clinical stage of disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with known @entity725 and 26 age-matched healthy volunteers were included in this institutional review board-approved study. All subjects underwent imaging on a 3T MR imaging system with a @entity1726 and @entity7419 sequence. LGN height and volume were measured by 2 blinded neuroradiologists. Measurements were compared and correlated with clinical @entity726 severity as assessed by static threshold visual field parameters. RESULTS: Average maximum LGN height in @entity1 with @entity726 on @entity1726 images was 4.36    0.61 mm (right) and 4.31    0.61 mm (left), significantly less ( @entity6585     ) than respective measurements of 5.05    0.41 and 4.99    0.41 mm in volunteers. With the @entity7419 sequences, such respective measurements were also less ( @entity6585     ) in @entity1 with @entity726 (4.20    0.71 mm right, 4.00    0.85 mm left) versus respective measurements in volunteers (4.88    0.51 mm right, 4.77    0.47 mm left). Average LGN volumes in the @entity1 group were 98.0    27.2 mm   (right) and 93.7    25.8 mm   (left) with the @entity1726 sequence versus respective measurements of 85.2    27.1 and 80.5    23.6 mm   with the @entity7419 sequence. All height and volume measurements were greater in volunteers ( @entity6585     ). In the @entity1 group, both maximum height and volume of the LGN with both sequences were significantly correlated with cumulative clinical @entity726 stage (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging measurements of LGN height and volume are diminished in @entity1 with @entity726 , with the extent of @entity194 correlating to clinical stage, suggesting a novel imaging marker of disease severity.

title: Assessment of lateral geniculate nucleus XXXX with 3T MR imaging and correlation with clinical stage of @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence relating to the clinical efficacy of @entity684 , @entity685 and @entity7776 in the prevention of @entity683 . METHODS: RCTs evaluating these interventions in seasonal prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis were identified using electronic bibliographic databases and handsearching of retrieved articles. RESULTS: @entity684 was effective in preventing @entity2480 ( @entity2480 ) in seasonal prophylaxis in healthy adults and at-risk elderly subjects and in post-exposure prophylaxis within households of mixed composition. Post-exposure prophylaxis using @entity684 for paediatric contacts was observed to prevent @entity2480 . @entity685 prevented @entity2480  in seasonal prophylaxis in healthy adults, at-risk adults and adolescents and in post-exposure prophylaxis within mixed households, with a trend for seasonal and post-exposure preventative effects in elderly subjects. Evidence for @entity7776 prophylaxis across subgroups was very limited. However, @entity7776 prevented @entity2480 in seasonal prophylaxis in healthy adults and in outbreak control amongst adolescent subjects. Interventions were reported to be well tolerated by subjects, with a relatively low proportion of subjects experiencing drug-related adverse events and drug-related withdrawals. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence was identified for the efficacy of @entity684 and @entity685 in preventing @entity683 in a range of population subgroups. The evidence base for @entity7776 was considerably more limited.

title: @entity684 , @entity685 and XXXX in the prevention of @entity683 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['Oseltamivir', 'oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['Zanamivir', 'zanamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza', 'SLCI']

answer: @entity7776 :: (MESH:D000547,Chemical) :: ['amantadine']


abstract: Between January 1976 and December 1985, renal biopsy was indicated in 663 adults (greater than 15 yrs) @entity1 who were born and lived in a rural area of 400,000 inhabitants. Annual incidence (AI) was 16.5/100,000. Primary GN was diagnosed in 418 pts (63%) corresponding to a prevalence (P) for 10 yrs of 1/1000. The results have been compared for two periods: A (1976-1980) and B (1981-1985) for which the number of @entity1 with primary GN was similar (205 vs 213, AI: 10.3 vs 10.6/100,000). Sex-ratio M/F (2.1 vs 1.8) and mean age (+/- SD) at the time of renal biopsy (45 +/- 17) were not different. P (%) among primary GN, P (nb/1000) among global population, AI (nb/100,000) and sex-ratio (A vs B) were evaluated for each histological type: lipoid @entity3450 (MC and @entity650 ): 9.8%, 0.1/1000, 1.2 vs 0.8/100,000 (ns), 1 vs 1.5 (ns). @entity8 12.4%, 0.13/1000, 1.1 vs 1.5/100,000 (ns), 1.75 vs 0.8 (less than 0.02). IgAGN (Berger): 27%, 0.28/1000, 2.6 vs 3/100,000 (ns), 3 vs 3.3 (ns). IgAGN (Sch  nlein-Henoch): 5%, 0.05/1000, 0.45 vs 0.6/100,000 (ns), 3 vs 5 (ns). @entity3630 : 5.9%, 0.06/1000, 1 vs 0.25/100,000 (less than 0.01), 2.3 vs 1.5 (ns). Post streptococcal AGN: 2.8%, 0.03/1000, 0.55 vs 0.05/100,000 (less than 0.01). Non post-streptococcal AGN: 6.7%, 0.07/1000, 0.65 vs 0.75/100,000 (ns), 1.2 vs 0.6. Idiopathic crescentic GN: 4.7%, 0.05/1000, 0.25 vs 0.75/100,000 (less than 0.01) 1.5 vs 1.5. S and F proliferative GN: 1.9%, 0.02/1000, 0.15 vs 0.25/100,000 (ns), 2 vs 0.2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Course of the annual incidence of primary XXXX in a population of 400,000 inhabitants over a 10-year period (1976-1985)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerulopathies']


abstract: The function of the T4 antigen, a marker for a differentiated T cell subset, is not well understood. Our previous observation that a chemoattractant @entity1 @entity1199 , @entity17090 ( @entity17090 ), which selectively induces motile responses in unactivated T4+ lymphocytes, led us to investigate whether @entity17090 could also induce T4+ cell activation. Because @entity17090 acts selectively on T4+ cells, we next determined whether the T4 antigen has a function in this @entity17090 -induced cellular activation. A T4+ lymphocyte migratory response is induced by divalent anti-T4 antibody, but not by corresponding @entity1334 fragments of the same antibody. @entity1334 fragments of anti-T4 antibody, but not @entity1334 fragments of anti-T3 antibody, block the migratory effect of both @entity17090 and divalent anti-T4. Furthermore, @entity17090 but not divalent anti-T4, evokes the expression of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) receptors and HLA-DR antigen on T4+ lymphocytes in 24 hr. These effects are quantitatively similar to those observed by anti-T3 antibody activation. @entity17090 -induced @entity1199 receptor expression is blocked by co-incubation with anti-T4 antibody and anti-T4 @entity1334 fragments, whereas anti-T3 activation is not inhibitable by anti-T4 @entity1334 fragments. Because cultured monocytes express the T4 antigen, we investigated the action of @entity17090 on cultured monocyte migration and HLA-DR expression. Induction of monocyte migration by @entity17090 and anti-T4 antibody increases proportionally as T4 antigen expression increases in vitro. This enhanced migration is inhibitable by anti-T4 @entity1334 fragments. Monocyte activation, as measured by augmented HLA-DR expression 24 hr after incubation with @entity17090 , but not anti-T4 antibody, is quantitatively similar to the effects of @entity379 . Augmented HLA-DR expression is blocked by anti-T4 @entity1334 fragments but not by antibody to @entity379 . These studies indicate that @entity17090 interacts with T4+ lymphocytes and monocytes to induce migration and cellular activation.

title: XXXX activation of T4+ T lymphocytes and monocytes.

entities_list: @entity17090 :: ('3603', 'Gene') :: ['LCF', 'lymphocyte chemoattractant factor']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['IL 2', 'lymphokine', 'interleukin 2']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['Lymphokine']


abstract: The @entity5955 dyes (specifically @entity2455 and the more lipophilic derivative @entity5956 ) are non-intercalating @entity1129 base pair-specific ligands which bind to cellular DNA by non-covalent association with the minor groove. The interaction of dye with cellular DNA is thought to be the principal pathway for the cytotoxic, mutagenic and DNA-damaging properties of such agents. Upon binding and near UV light excitation, dye molecules exhibit fluorescence enhancement such that dye/DNA association and dissociation in individual cells can be monitored by flow cytometry. We have studied dye uptake and the DNA--dye dissociation characteristics of a @entity2455 -resistant @entity19 cell line (HoeR415) compared to the response of the parental cell line Ltk-. HoeR415 was found to show similar levels of cross resistance (approximately 10-fold) to @entity2455 and @entity5956 compared to parental responses except that the more lipophilic ligand was approximately 30-fold more toxic. Estimates of @entity5956 uptake using flow cytometry or radiolabelling methods indicated that resistance could not be attributed to reduced cellular uptake, low initial levels or different modes of DNA binding. Both cell lines showed similar initial levels of dye-induced DNA strand-breakage. However, @entity5956 resistance did correlate with an enhanced capacity (10-fold) of HoeR415 to remove dye from cellular DNA compared with the relatively long retention (T 1/2 300 min) of ligand by the parental cell line. Our results are consistent with the view that ligand persistence rather than indirect DNA damage is a more important factor in the @entity137 of non-intercalating DNA-binding ligands. A model is presented of the cellular processes of DNA damage recognition and surveillance for ligands which interact with the minor groove of DNA.

title: A mammalian cell mutant with enhanced capacity to dissociate a XXXX dye-DNA complex.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5955 :: ('MESH:D006690|MESH:C009712', 'Chemical') :: ['bis-benzimidazole']

answer: @entity5955 :: (MESH:D006690|MESH:C009712,Chemical) :: ['bis-benzimidazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity910 are some of the major motor complications that impair quality of life for @entity1 with @entity191 . The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of @entity7776 in @entity191 @entity1 suffering from @entity910 . METHODS: In this multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial, 36 @entity1 with @entity191 and @entity910 were randomized, and 62 interventions, which included @entity7776 (300 mg/day) or placebo treatment for 27 days, were analyzed. At 15 days after washout, the treatments were crossed over. The primary outcome measure was the changes in the @entity910 Rating Scale (RDRS) during each treatment period. The secondary outcome measures were changes in the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale part IVa (UPDRS-IVa, @entity910 ), part IVb (motor fluctuations), and part III (motor function). RESULTS: RDRS improved in 64% and 16% of @entity1 treated with @entity7776 or placebo, respectively, with significant differences between treatments. The adjusted odds-ratio for improvement by @entity7776 was 6.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 31.5). UPDRS-IVa was improved to a significantly greater degree in @entity7776 -treated @entity1 [mean (SD) of 1.83 (1.56)] compared with placebo-treated @entity1 [0.03 (1.51)]. However, there were no significant effects on UPDRS-IVb or III scores. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the present study demonstrated that @entity7776 exhibited efficacious effects against @entity910 in 60-70% of @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trial Registry UMIN000000780.

title: @entity7776 for @entity910 in XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Dyskinesias', 'Rush Dyskinesia', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop an index of activities of daily living (ADL) for @entity734 ( @entity1726 ). The index is intended to assess the capability of @entity1726 in performing basic daily tasks. A questionnaire of 22 items representing 7 ADL domains was administered by institutional therapists (nurse, OT, PT, social worker) on 466 @entity1726 60 years or more of age, excepting completely dependent @entity1 . As a result of examining achievement rates and sex/age differences, inter- and intra-rater reliability (perfect agreement rates), and scalability, 17 reliable items were selected. The validity, reliability and unidimensionality of the ADL index using the 17 items were verified. Age and ADL score calculated based on Hosokawa's extended ADL scale were used as the external standard of validity. Furthermore, the relationships between ADL score and self-assessment of health status and physical fitness level were examined. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) The reliability of the ADL index using 17 items was high (r = 0.996 in inter-reliability, and r = 0.940 in intra-reliability). Cronbachs' alpha coefficient of the ADL index was also high (0.926). 2) Based on scalogram analysis, the Guttman's CR, an index of unidimensionality, was very high (CR = 0.939, CS = 0.691). 3) The validity examination showed that ADL score tended to decrease significantly with age, and had a high correlation with Hosokawa's extended ADL scale (r = 0.939). 4) The ADL score tended to be higher in @entity1 with a higher self-assessment of health status and physical fitness level.

title: [Development of ADL index for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['partially dependent older adults']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['partially dependent older adults']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite undergoing curative resection, nearly a third of @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) die of recurrent disease. There are no reliable clinical or molecular predictors of relapse in @entity1 with resected stage I @entity1149 . Identifying @entity1 at risk for relapse after surgical resection is one of the important challenges today. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate hundreds of genes central to maintaining a @entity5 phenotype. METHODS: In an exploratory study, we determined whether expression of six miRNAs (let-7a, @entity12333 , @entity10017 , @entity10015 , @entity10018 , and @entity494 ) previously reported to correlate with invasiveness or outcome in various @entity1 @entity5 were associated with @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 with resected stage I @entity1149 . We measured expression of these miRNAs in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue from both @entity5 and matched normal lung in a set of 46 @entity1 with surgically resected T1 or T2 stage I @entity1149 . RESULTS: Averaged triplicate data showed that @entity5 which recurred had 0.14-fold lower @entity494 expression than those which did not recur (p = 0.0036). In addition, increased @entity494 in @entity5 tissue when compared with adjacent normal appearing lung in the same @entity1 also correlated with nonrecurrence (p = 0.0011). Parallel measurement of expression of selected downstream target genes regulated by @entity494 , specifically, @entity13525 , @entity8755 , @entity14409 , and @entity1570 , showed a near significant (p = 0.0522) down-regulation of @entity8755 in @entity5 of @entity1 with no recurrent disease, consistent with increased @entity494 activity in the same group. CONCLUSION: If confirmed in prospective studies, miRNA expression in resected @entity1149 could potentially identify those at high risk of relapse after surgery.

title: Use of microRNA expression levels to predict outcomes in resected stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although cigarette smoking affects all biological systems of the @entity1 body including the gastrointestinal tract, there is a lack of evidence regarding its effect on the severity of @entity66 and whether a dose-response relationship exists. We therefore tested for the presence of specific causative pathogens for infectious @entity294 , assessed the independent effect of smoking on its severity and tested whether any dose-response relationship existed while controlling for subjects' age, sociodemographic characteristics and presence of causative pathogens in an urban setting in Bangladesh. METHODS: A total of 20,757 @entity1 aged 15  years and above with @entity294 were enrolled into the @entity66 Surveillance System, managed by the International Centre for @entity66 Research, Bangladesh, from 1993 to 2012. We collected data on individuals' current daily consumption of cigarettes and bidis (traditional hand-rolled cigarettes) and conducted an ordered logistic regression to determine the effect of smoking on @entity66 severity and whether a dose-response relationship exists. RESULTS: We identified 19  % of @entity1 with @entity294 as smokers, of whom 52  % smoked 1-9 cigarettes per day. While 97  % of smokers were male, 41  % were aged 15-30 years of age. Smokers were found to have a significantly lower severity of @entity66 (OR: 0.92, 95  % CI: 0.85-0.99, p   =   0.025) after adjusting for age, wealth quintile, illiteracy and the presence of specific causative pathogens ( @entity1838 and Shigella). We observed no dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and disease severity when adjusting for the same covariates. Smokers were more frequently infected with Shigella (7 vs. 6  %, p   <   0.001) and less often with @entity1838 (22 vs. 26  %, p   <   0.001) than their non-smoking counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: The aetiology and severity of @entity66 differed between smokers and non-smokers in our sample. However, we found no dose-response relationship between disease severity and the number of cigarettes smoked per day.

title: XXXX and smoking: an analysis of decades of observational data from Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoeal Disease', 'diarrhoeal disease']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['Diarrhoea']


abstract: Alpinia galanga, or galangal, has been a popular condiment used in Thai and Asian cuisine for many years. However, relatively little is known of the potential beneficial or adverse health effects of this spice. This study was conducted to analyze the capacity of galangal extract to induce @entity137 and DNA damage in six different @entity1 cell lines including normal and @entity876 -inactive fibroblasts, normal epithelial and @entity5 mammary cells and a @entity2220 cell line. We deliberately focused on treatment with the crude aqueous extract of galangal rhizomes, rather than compounds extracted into an organic solvent, to more closely reflect the mode of dietary consumption of galangal. The cell lines displayed a broad range of @entity137 . There was no evidence for preferential @entity137 of @entity5 cells, but there was an indication that @entity876 -active cell lines may be more sensitive than their @entity876 -inactive counterparts. The contribution of apoptosis to total cell killing was only appreciable after exposure to 300 microg/mL of extract. Apoptosis appeared to be independent of @entity876 expression. Exposure to as little as 100 microg/mL galangal extract generated a significant level of DNA single-strand breaks as judged by the single-cell gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay). The three major UV-absorbing compounds in the aqueous extract were identified by mass spectrometry as @entity12709 and its deacetylated derivatives. However, when tested in A549 @entity1 @entity2220 cells, these compounds were not responsible for the @entity137 induced by the complete aqueous extract.

title: XXXX , apoptosis and DNA damage induced by Alpinia galanga rhizome extract.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity12709 :: ('MESH:C047948', 'Chemical') :: ["1'-acetoxychavicol acetate"]

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: @entity9715 nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to study the post mortem catabolism of high-energy @entity1391 compounds and the associated intracellular pH variation in pure fast- and slow-twitch @entity95 muscles and in @entity95 muscle with mixed fiber types. Comparative results from pure fiber types are reported for the first time. Large amounts of @entity11834 (14.1 mumol/g fresh tissue) are found in the internal conoidal bundle (ICB), a pure oxidative slow twitch muscle, whereas the m. psoas major (PM), a pure glycolytic fast twitch muscle and the m. gastrocnemius caput medialis (GCM), with mixed fiber types, are devoid of the same metabolite. The total content of phosphorylated metabolites is constant among the three muscle types. The time-dependent post mortem changes in phosphorylated metabolites display the expected rapid drop in @entity1734 and a simultaneous increase in intracellular inorganic @entity1391 . However, the @entity855 level remains constant during more than 2 h. Rate constants for metabolite breakdown and apparent ATPase activity have been determined. The comparative kinetics of intracellular @entity520 at 25 degrees C yield rates of 3.3 X 10(-3) pH unit/min for PM, 2.7 X 10(-3) pH unit/min for GCM and 3.0 X 10(-3) pH unit/min for ICB. Initial intracellular pH values are 7.07, 7.20 and 7.02, respectively. Upon aging, the heterogeneity of the Pi signal reflects the existence of cellular compartments with different internal pH. The results suggest that the more intense low-pH Pi signal arises from the sarcoplasmic reticulum while the less intense resonance would reflect the sarcoplasmic higher pH. The temperature effect on post mortem catabolism in the 15-25 degrees C range has been documented. As expected, @entity1734 and @entity855 breakdown increase with temperature but at a higher rate for slow-twitch ICB than for fast-twitch PM.

title: Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study of post mortem catabolism and intracellular pH in intact excised XXXX muscle.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity11834 :: ('MESH:D005997', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerophosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity9715 :: ('CHEBI:37971', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphorus-31']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity311 , caused by @entity3964 and related parasites, is responsible for millions of deaths each year, mainly from complications arising from the blood stages of its life cycle. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( @entity6785 ), a protein expressed by the parasite during these stages, has been characterized in mammals as a cytokine involved in a broad spectrum of immune responses. It also possesses two catalytic activities, a tautomerase and an @entity18012 , though the physiological significance of neither reaction is known. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of @entity6785 from two @entity311 parasites, @entity3964 and @entity2637 at 2.2 A and 1.8 A, respectively. The structures have an alpha/beta fold and each reveals a trimer, in agreement with the results of analytical ultracentrifugation. We observed open and closed active sites, these being distinguished by movements of @entity1521 -1, the catalytic base in the tautomerase reaction. These states correlate with the covalent modification of @entity462 2 to form a @entity6514 adduct, an observation confirmed by mass spectrometry. The @entity3964 MIFs have a different pattern of conserved @entity462 residues to the @entity1 MIFs and the side chain of @entity2569 58, which is implicated in the @entity18012 activity, is buried. This observation and the evident redox reactivity of Cys2 suggest quite different @entity18012 characteristics. Finally, we show in pull-down assays that @entity3964 @entity6785 binds to the cell surface receptor CD74, a known @entity1 @entity6785 receptor implying that parasite @entity6785 has the ability to interfere with, or modulate, host @entity6785 activity through a competitive binding mechanism.

title: The crystal structures of macrophage migration inhibitory factor from XXXX and @entity2637 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of heterologous immunoassays containing antibodies raised against a different biological species for quantification of serum proteins is studied and discussed, taking as example the case of the use of a commercially available heterologous assay containing antibodies against @entity1 @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) for quantification of @entity1851 in serum of @entity235 . This assay was adapted and validated for measurements of @entity235 @entity1851 (cCRP) and compared with three different homologous assays containing species-specific canine antibodies, which are currently commercially available for cCRP determination. Serum samples from healthy and diseased @entity235 (n = 44) were used. Analytical evaluation included precision, accuracy, limit of detection and lower limit of quantification for all assays. In the case of the heterologous assay also cross-reactivity of the antibody of the heterologous assay with cCRP was evaluated by a Western-Blot analysis giving a positive result. The heterologous assay showed similar results than the homologous assays in all the tests of the analytical evaluation that indicated that the assay was precise and accurate. Method comparison showed a high correlation between all assays (r>= 0.9). The Bland-Altman test revealed that the heterologous assay showed a proportional error when compared with the homologous automated assays and a random error when compared with the point-of-care assay. All four @entity1851 assays were able to detect higher @entity1851 values in @entity235 with inflammatory conditions compared with healthy @entity235 . It is concluded that heterologous immunoassays could be used for quantification of serum proteins in different species, provided that the antibody has cross-reactivity with the protein to be measured and the assay give satisfactory results in the analytical validation tests. In addition, use of species-specific calibrators and an appropriate batch validation are recommended in these cases.

title: Use of heterologous immunoassays for quantification of serum proteins: The case of XXXX C-reactive protein.

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP', 'hCRP']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Objective. To report our institutional @entity410 and neuropsychological outcomes for a series of @entity1 with mesial @entity1315 (mTLE) undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) or selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH) between 2004 and 2011. Methods. A retrospective study of @entity1 with mTLE was conducted. @entity410 outcome was reported using time-to-event analysis. Cognitive outcome was reported using the change principal in component factor scores, one each, for intellectual abilities, visuospatial memory, and verbal memory. The Boston Naming Test was used for naming assessment. Language dominant and nondominant resections were compared separately. Student's t-test was used to assess statistical significance. Results. Ninety-six @entity1 (75 ATL, 21 SelAH) were included; fifty-four had complete neuropsychological follow-up. Median follow-up was 40.5 months. There was no statistically significant difference in @entity410 freedom or any of the neuropsychological outcomes, although there was a trend toward greater postoperative decline in naming in the dominant hemisphere group following ATL. Conclusion. @entity410 and neuropsychological outcomes did not differ for the two surgical approaches which is similar to most prior studies. Given the theoretical possibility of SelAH sparing language function in @entity1 with @entity302 secondary to mesial temporal @entity1463 and the limited high-quality evidence creating equipoise, a multicenter randomized clinical trial is warranted.

title: Neurocognitive and XXXX Outcomes of Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy versus Anterior Temporal Lobectomy for Mesial @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: The cardiovascular effects of intravenous sedation were studied in fifty @entity1 after spinal anaesthesia for lower limb or pelvic surgery. Twenty @entity1 received @entity1875 (mean dosage 74 (SD 4) micrograms/kg/min for 0-20 minutes and 51 (SD 7) micrograms/kg/min for 20-40 minutes), twenty received @entity1363 (35 micrograms/kg + 2.54 (SD 0.2) micrograms/kg/min for 0-20 minutes and 1.35 (SD 0.2) micrograms/kg/min for 20-40 minutes) and ten @entity1 received saline infusion only. The forearm vasoconstriction in response to the spinal anaesthesia was measured by strain gauge plethysmography. Spinal anaesthesia lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 18 (SED 4) mmHg and 9 (SED 2) mmHg respectively. (SED = standard error of the difference.) This was associated with a 32% decrease in mean forearm blood flow. @entity1875 and @entity1363 caused similar additional reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (10 (SED 4) mmHg and 4 (SED 2) mmHg) and a decrease in heart rate (P less than 0.005), but forearm vasoconstriction was not altered. In the control group, however, forearm vasoconstriction increased during 40 minutes in theatre (P less than 0.05). Recovery from @entity1875 was far more rapid than after @entity1363 and was virtually complete in ten minutes. This was reflected by an increase in blood pressure and in forearm vasoconstriction in the recovery period.

title: Cardiovascular effects of sedative infusions of @entity1875 and XXXX after spinal anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['Propofol', 'propofol']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']