abstract: BACKGROUND: Most institutional teams utilize multimodality therapy in their efforts to cure @entity1 with primary high-grade @entity242 , although the value of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy is still disputed by some oncologists. This single-institution Phase II study describes an effort to control @entity3 by the use of two cycles of chemotherapy as the initial preoperative treatment. METHODS: Between March 1994 and October 1997, 20 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 with primary extremity or limb girdle high-grade soft tissue @entity242 were registered to a study of preoperative @entity1260 , @entity1138 , @entity632 , @entity900 (IMAP) plus @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) followed by preoperative irradiation and subsequent limb-sparing surgery. The two sequential monthly cycles of IMAP involved intravenous @entity1260 , 2500 mg/m(2), and mesna, 2500 mg/m(2), on Day 0, followed by identical doses of these agents plus intravenous @entity1138 , 4 mg/m(2), @entity632 , 40 mg/m(2), and @entity900 , 60 mg/m(2), on Day 1. Sargramostim ( @entity2841 ) 250 microg/m(2) was given subcutaneously every 12 hours for 4 days beginning 6 days before the chemotherapy, and then for 14 more days beginning the day after chemotherapy was completed. At the beginning of the third month, external beam irradiation was administered daily, 5 days each week for 5 consecutive weeks to total preoperative doses of 4500 centigrays (cGy). This was accompanied by reduced doses of MAP chemotherapy ( @entity1138 , 6 mg/m(2), @entity632 , 30 mg/m(2), and @entity900 , 45 mg/m(2)) intravenously on Days 0, 21, and 42 of the radiation therapy segment. Approximately 1 month after preoperative irradiation ended, each @entity1 had complete surgical excision with curative intent, using limb-sparing techniques when possible. Radiation to total doses of 5500-6500 cGy was accomplished by delivery of an additional 1000-2000 cGy to the @entity5 bed via intraoperative electron beam, brachytherapy, or external beam irradiation at the completion of surgery. RESULTS: All except 5 @entity1 had @entity5 at least 5 cm in diameter. Chemotherapy @entity137 grade three or higher consisted primarily of @entity391 (23%), @entity1431 (54%), and @entity882 (77%). Six @entity1 have died of @entity3 , and one other died in a motorcycle accident. Kaplan-Meier curves indicate estimated 5-year survival of approximately 80% and freedom from @entity3 at 2 years of approximately 85%. CONCLUSIONS: IMAP plus @entity2841 is satisfactory as initial treatment for primary @entity242 in two monthly cycles preceding irradiation. The prescribed irradiation was generally tolerable and effective in permitting limb-sparing surgery. Although the outcome of @entity1 treated on this regimen has been favorable, the @entity3 problem has not been eliminated.

title: Chemotherapy, irradiation, and surgery for function-preserving therapy of primary @entity242 : initial treatment with @entity1260 , XXXX , @entity632 , and @entity900 plus @entity2841 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'extremity soft tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin']


abstract: Recently, several studies of @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) of the biliary tracts have been reported in the liver, but there have been only one study of them in the common bile duct (CBD). The author reviewed 34 archival pathologic materials of surgically resected specimens containing CBD @entity5 . RESULTS: Six cases (18%) of @entity4929 of the CBD were found. All cases were non-invasive @entity1377 ( @entity1377 ). The age of the @entity1 with @entity1377 ranged from 49 to 77 years with a mean of 67 years. The male to female ratio was 4:2. The initial symptoms were @entity490 in 2 cases, abdominal discomfort in 1 case, and @entity3883 in 3 cases. Imaging modalities including US, CT, MRI, and ERCP revealed the CBD luminal @entity5 and biliary dilations in all cases. Surgical procedures were pancreaticoduodenectomy in 4 cases and segmental resection in 2 cases. The survival is relatively good; five @entity1 are now alive, and one died of other disease. Grossly, all the 6 @entity1377 showed @entity5 . No mucus was found. Histologically, papillary proliferation of atypical cells with hyperchromatic nuclei regarded as malignant was recognized. The papillary proliferation was accompanied by fine fibrovascular cores in all cases. No stromal invasion was recognized, but lateral non-papillary in situ extension was recognized in 5 cases. Tubular formations were present in some areas in all cases. Goblet cells were present in 5 cases. No mucous hypersecretion was recognized. In one case, the @entity5 was composed of malignant oncocytes, and was regarded as @entity1377 . Immunohistochemically, @entity876 expression was present in 5 cases, and Ki-67 labeling ranged from 30% to 70%. The author presented clinicopathologic findings of 6 cases of non-invasive @entity1377 of the CBD.

title: Non-invasive XXXX of the common bile duct: a clinicopathologic study of six cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['IPC', 'intraductal papillary carcinomas', 'intraductal oncocytic papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary neoplasms', 'IPN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intraductal papillary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish whether initial screening characteristics of normogonadotropic anovulatory infertile @entity1 can aid in predicting live birth after induction of ovulation with @entity4082 (CC). DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal single-center study. SETTING: Specialist academic fertility unit. @entity1 (S): Two hundred fifty-nine couples with a history of @entity249 , oligoamenorrhea, and normal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations who have not been previously treated with any ovulation-induction medication. INTERVENTION(S): 50, 100, or 150 mg of oral CC per day, for 5 subsequent days per cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Conception leading to live birth after CC administration. RESULT(S): After receiving CC, 98 (38%) @entity1 conceived, leading to live birth. The cumulative live birth rate within 12 months was 42% for the total study population and 56% for the ovulatory @entity1 who had received CC. Factors predicting the chances for live birth included free @entity342 index ( @entity251 /sex hormone-binding globulin ratio), body mass index, cycle history ( @entity2589 versus @entity2588 ), and the @entity1 's age. CONCLUSION(S): It is possible to predict the individual chances of live birth after CC administration using two distinct prediction models combined in a nomogram. Applying this nomogram in the clinic may be a step forward in optimizing the decision-making process in the treatment of normogonadotropic @entity249 . Alternative first line of treatment options could be considered for some @entity1 who have limited chances for success.

title: A nomogram to predict the probability of live birth after @entity4082 induction of ovulation in normogonadotropic oligoamenorrheic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'anovulatory infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity2589 :: ('MESH:D009839', 'Disease') :: ['oligomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the correlations between anatomical and functional changes studied with microperimetry (MPM) and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) in @entity1 after successful repair of idiopathic @entity937 ( @entity937 ). METHODS: Monocentric, retrospective, interventional study in 23 eyes of 23 @entity1 who underwent successful surgery for @entity937 defined as closure of the hole, at least 1 year before. Reported data were pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal sensitivity values on MPM, macular and foveal thicknesses, and retinal anatomic lesions on SD-OCT. RESULTS: @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and @entity2070 ( @entity2070 ) were lower and the number of lesions of the outer retinal layers was higher in @entity1 with a poorer postoperative VA (P = 0.029, P = 0.011 and P = 0.003 respectively). Preoperative @entity937 size was lower and @entity1020 and @entity2070 were better in @entity1 with a preserved junction line between the inner and outer segments of photoreceptors (IS/OS) (P = 0.045, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001 respectively). Better postoperative VA was correlated with better preoperative VA (P = 0.012, r = 0.513). Postoperative VA was correlated with @entity1020 and @entity2070 (P = 0.032, r = 0.449, and P = 0.019, r = 0.483 respectively). Greater foveal thickness was associated with better postoperative VA (P = 0.020, r = 0.482). CONCLUSION: Postoperative outer retinal layer integrity is associated with better final retinal sensitivity. Further studies are warranted to assess the role of SD-OCT and microperimetry in the pre- and postoperative evaluation of idiopathic macular holes.

title: Long-term anatomical and functional outcomes of idiopathic XXXX surgery. The yield of spectral-domain OCT combined with microperimetry.

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Macular sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['foveal sensitivity', 'FS']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['macular hole', 'MH']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['macular hole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is composed of three homologous subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. Mutations in the @entity25085 and @entity35063 genes, which encode the beta and the gamma subunits of ENaC, cause a severe form of @entity101 ( @entity19966 ). The contribution of genetic variants within the @entity26989 gene, which codes for the alpha subunit, has not been investigated. METHODS: We screened for mutations in the @entity1473 termini of the alpha and beta subunits of ENaC. Blood from 184 individuals from 31 families participating in a study on the genetics of @entity101 were analyzed. Exons 13 of @entity26989 and @entity25085 , which encode the second transmembrane segment and the @entity1473 termini of alpha- and @entity25085 , respectively, were amplified from pooled DNA samples of members of each family by PCR. Constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis (CDCE) was used to detect mutations in PCR products of the pooled DNA samples. RESULTS: The detection limit of CDCE for ENaC variants was 1%, indicating that all members of any family or up to 100 individuals can be analyzed in one CDCE run. CDCE profiles of the @entity1473 terminus of @entity26989 in pooled family members showed that the 31 families belonged to four groups and identified families with genetic variants. Using this approach, we analyzed 31 rather than 184 samples. Individual CDCE analysis of members from families with different pooled CDCE profiles revealed five genotypes containing @entity47862 and @entity47863 polymorphisms. The presence of the mutations was confirmed by DNA sequencing. For the @entity1473 terminus of @entity25085 , only one family showed a different CDCE profile. Two members of this family (n = 5) were heterozygous at @entity47864 ( @entity47865 ). CONCLUSION: CDCE rapidly detects point mutations in these candidate disease genes.

title: Use of constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis of pooled blood samples to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes ( @entity26989 and XXXX ) encoding the alpha and beta subunits of the epithelial sodium channel.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity19966 :: ('MESH:D056929', 'Disease') :: ['Liddle syndrome']

answer: @entity25085 :: (6338,Gene) :: ['Scnn1b']


abstract: Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity262 JRA were analyzed. Fifty four per cent of @entity1 had mono-cyclic @entity262 type. Age at onset ranged from 6.0-6.8 years (median 6.4). @entity1 were more affected than @entity1 (24/11). Cardiac involvement occurred in 10 @entity1 (27%). @entity1 with cardiac troubles showed significantly much number of the white blood cell counts at admission and the max white blood cell count than those without cardiac troubles. Duration of positive CRP was shorter in @entity1 with @entity299 who were all given cortico- @entity134 hormone those without @entity299 . This means that it is better to use @entity134 hormone early for @entity1 with @entity299 . @entity1 with chronic @entity625 type had higher elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum C3 level at admission and longer duration of positive CRP. We speculated that these date showed @entity32 . The onset subtype, which was determined by manifestations during the first 6 months of disease, was important for predicting clinical course and outcome.

title: [Clinical study of XXXX juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (Still)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Boys', 'patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation of joints']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['systemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of @entity14 in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of @entity694 in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 @entity1 ) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 @entity1 ). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among @entity1 and in 1986 and 1990 among @entity1 . The incidence of @entity694 and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 @entity1 -years and 937 cases of @entity694 , we found little association of @entity694 incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For @entity1 and @entity1 combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for @entity1 and @entity1 considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for @entity694 of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among @entity1 and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among @entity1 . For @entity5 (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in @entity1 and @entity1 combined. None of these associations was modified by @entity2221 supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some @entity102 , their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from @entity694 .

title: Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancers', 'colon or rectal cancer', 'cancer of the colon', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon and rectal cancers']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: The synchronization of peripheral circadian oscillators in @entity1 living on atypical sleep/wake schedules is largely unknown. In this night shift work simulation, we evaluate clock gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) relative to reliable markers of the central circadian pacemaker. DESIGN: @entity1 were placed on a 10-hr delayed sleep/wake schedule simulating nighttime work followed by a daytime sleep episode. SETTING: Baseline, intermediate and final circadian evaluations were performed in the temporal isolation laboratory. @entity1 : Five healthy candidates, 18-30 years. INTERVENTIONS: Polychromatic white light of (mean +/-SEM) 6,036 +/-326 lux (approximately 17,685 +/-955 W/m2) during night shifts; dim light exposure after each night shift; an 8-hr sleep/darkness episode beginning 2 hrs after the end of each night shift. MEASUREMENTS: @entity2493 and @entity701 in plasma; clock genes @entity307 , @entity5394 and HBMAL1 RNA in PBMCs. RESULTS: Following 9 days on the night schedule, hormonal rhythms were adapted to the shifted schedule. @entity307 and @entity5394 expression in PBMCs displayed significant circadian rhythmicity, which was in a conventional relationship with the shifted sleep/wake schedule. Changes in the pattern of clock gene expression were apparent as of 3 days on the shifted sleep/wake schedule. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study is the first documentation of the effects of a shifted sleep/wake schedule on the circadian expression of both peripheral circadian oscillators in PBMCs and centrally-driven hormonal rhythms. In light of evidence associating clock gene expression with tissue function, the study of peripheral circadian oscillators has important implications for understanding medical disorders affecting night shift workers.

title: Circadian rhythms of @entity2493 , XXXX , and clock gene expression during simulated night shift work.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: @entity7990 (MIBG) washout from the @entity1562 has been thought to reflect sympathetic nerve tone. After @entity583 , however, little is known about this parameter. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of cardiac washout after @entity583 and early reperfusion by investigating MIBG kinetics and correlating those kinetics to clinical parameters. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity583 underwent planar MIBG and thallium imaging within 14 d of early reperfusion therapy. Global uptake and washout in @entity1562 , lungs and liver were calculated from early and delayed images. A regional analysis of myocardial kinetics in normal and infarcted @entity1562 and in an @entity1188 was also performed. Scintigraphic data were correlated with heart-rate variability as an electrophysiologic marker for autonomic tone and prevalence of @entity943 in 52 @entity1 . Heart-rate variability was described by time-domain indices from long-term electrocardiogram recordings. An age-matched normal control group for MIBG consisted of 10 individuals without @entity299 . RESULTS: The @entity1188 @entity1 had preserved @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) (56% +/- 17%). Although late @entity296 was expectedly lower in @entity1188 @entity1 compared with healthy volunteers (2.36 +/- 0.66 versus 2.80 +/- 0.55; P = 0.04), global myocardial MIBG washout was faster (11.6% +/- 7.9% versus 0.2% +/- 10.2%, respectively; P = 0.002). Lung and liver kinetics did not differ in @entity1 and healthy volunteers. Global MIBG washout showed a weak but significant positive correlation with the baseline heart rate (r = 0.28, P = 0.03) and an inverse correlation with @entity1002 (r = -0.28, P = 0.04). Washout was faster in a subgroup of 8 @entity1 with reduced heart-rate variability (16.5% +/- 9.9% versus 10.3% +/- 8.3%; P = 0.04). Regional analysis revealed similar degrees of enhanced MIBG washout for infarcted (low perfusion, low MIBG uptake) and remote @entity1562 (normal perfusion, high MIBG uptake), whereas the border zone (normal perfusion, low MIBG uptake) showed a nonsignificant trend toward higher washout. CONCLUSION: After @entity583 , changes in MIBG kinetics occur specifically in the @entity1562 , whereas kinetics in lung and liver remain unchanged. Even in @entity1 with left-ventricular function preserved by reperfusion therapy, MIBG washout is abnormal and globally increased. Enhanced washout may reflect increased sympathetic nerve tone and represent increased @entity2922 turnover or impaired reuptake in the subacute phase of @entity583 .

title: Kinetics of 123I-MIBG after XXXX and reperfusion therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial uptake']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['Metaiodobenzylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct border zone', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVEF', 'left-ventricular ejection fraction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity1 presented with the @entity3329 in the medicine department have a strong suspicion of serious illness like @entity378 , @entity370 , toxoplasmosis and @entity5 , blood, lung, upper GIT, breast, ovary, testes, and other sites of body. This prospective type of observational study carried out in the indoor and out @entity1 department of medicine of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital over a period of 6 month from April 2011 to September 2011 to diagnose the causes of @entity3329 . @entity1 of either sex, 18 years or above presented with @entity3329 were included. Biopsy or FNAC were done. The study showed that mean age of the @entity1 of @entity3329 that finally diagnosed as malignant was 49.7 years and that of non malignant was 33.7 years. Male @entity1 have suffered more (60%) from @entity5 than that of female @entity1 (40%). Discrete, hard, non tender either fixed or non fixed @entity3329 was found malignant (18 of 18 cases, 100%) and discrete, firm, tender lymphnode were found non malignant (5 of 5 cases, 100%). Increased frequency (11 of 28, 39.3%) of @entity32 from the tuberculoid @entity3298 were found among the @entity1 undergone supraclavicular lymphnode biopsy. FNAC result was also of simillar type and finally it was found that frequency of @entity378 (20 of 53, 37.7%) was highest and bronchial carcima was the second most frequent diagnosis (14 of 53, 26.4%). This study showed that @entity3329 is associated mostly with serious disease like @entity378 and @entity5 .

title: Diagnostic evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['supraclavicular lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of lymphnode', 'malignant disease', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['supraclavicular lymphadenopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Variations in the rates of major procedures by race and gender are well described, but few studies have assessed the quality of care by race and gender for basic hospital services. OBJECTIVE: To assess quality of care by race and gender. RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records. SUBJECTS: Stratified random sample of 2,175 Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for @entity712 or @entity55 in Illinois, New York, and Pennsylvania during 1991 and 1992. MEASURES: Explicit process criteria and implicit review by physicians. RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, black @entity1 with @entity712 or @entity55 received lower quality of care overall than other @entity1 with these conditions by both explicit process criteria and implicit review (P < 0.05). On explicit measures, overall quality of care did not differ by gender for either condition, but significant differences were noted on explicit subscales. @entity1 received worse cognitive care than @entity1 from physicians for both conditions, better cognitive care from nurses for @entity55 , and better therapeutic care for @entity712 (P < 0.05). @entity1 received worse quality of care than @entity1 by implicit review (P = 0.03) for @entity712 but not @entity55 . CONCLUSIONS: Consistent racial differences in quality of care persist in basic hospital services for two common medical conditions. Physicians, nurses, and policy makers should strive to eliminate these differences. Gender differences in quality of care are less pronounced and may vary by condition and type of provider or service.

title: Quality of care by race and gender for XXXX and @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform a retrospective study to assess the outcome and safety of 64 @entity5274 -free percutaneous nephrolithotomies (PCNLs) in 62 @entity1 with calculi 3 cm or greater. METHODS: Between March 2001 and June 2004, 365 consecutive @entity1 underwent 389 PCNLs at our hospital. Electrocauterization of the access tract was performed at the end of the operation in every @entity1 . No @entity5274 was inserted in the @entity1 if a bloodless tract had been obtained. Of the 389 PCNLs, 154 were performed in @entity1 with a stone size of 3 cm or greater. Of these 154 PCNLs, 64 were performed with the @entity5274 -free modification (group 1) and 90 were performed with insertion of the @entity5274 after the operation (group 2). The hospital course and complications were evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in age, stone size, urinary tract infection rate, or blood transfusion rate were found between those with and without insertion of the @entity5274 . Fourteen @entity1 in group 1 had complete staghorn stones. A shorter operative time, lower analgesic requirement, and shorter postoperative hospital stay were noted in the group with the @entity5274 -free modification (group 1). CONCLUSIONS: With adequate homeostasis, @entity5274 -free PCNL can be performed in @entity1 with complicated urolithiasis without any increase in morbidity.

title: Nephrostomy tube-free percutaneous nephrolithotomy for XXXX with large stones and staghorn stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['nephrostomy tube']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of shoulders with @entity625 and @entity717 has been reported to provide reasonable clinical results. The purposes of this study were to determine the clinical and radiographic results of hemiarthroplasty for this condition and to identify pathological and technical factors that may influence its outcome. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 (thirty-three shoulders) managed with hemiarthroplasty because of @entity625 and a massive, irreparable tear of the rotator cuff were followed for an average of five years (range, two to eleven years). Eight shoulders had undergone a prior acromioplasty and resection of the coracoacromial ligament. A small prosthetic head was used in three shoulders; a medium head, in twenty-six; and a large head, in four. Clinical results were graded according to the limited-goals criteria of Neer et al. RESULTS: The mean @entity158 score decreased from 4.2 points preoperatively to 2.2 points at the time of the most recent follow-up (p = 0.0001). However, at the time of the most recent follow-up, nine shoulders (27%) had moderate @entity158 at rest (four shoulders) or @entity158 with activity (five shoulders). Mean active elevation improved from 72 degrees (range, 30 degrees to 150 degrees) to 91 degrees (range, 40 degrees to 165 degrees) (p = 0.008). Anterosuperior instability occurred in seven shoulders and was associated with a history of subacromial decompression (p = 0.04). The result was graded as successful for twenty-two shoulders (67%). CONCLUSIONS: Shoulder hemiarthroplasty provides marked @entity158 relief in three-quarters of @entity1 with @entity625 and @entity717 . It is a reconstructive option that provides durable results, but it may be complicated by instability and progressive @entity604 .

title: Shoulder hemiarthroplasty for @entity625 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['severe rotator cuff deficiency']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['severe rotator cuff deficiency']


abstract: The stimulated secretion of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP) has been known to be a hallmark of @entity342 action on @entity1 prostate epithelial cells for the last five decades. The molecular mechanism of @entity342 action on PAcP secretion, however, has remained mostly unknown. We investigated the molecular mechanism that promotes PAcP secretion in LNCaP @entity1 @entity263 cells which express PAcP and are @entity342 -responsive. Treatment with @entity864 ( @entity865 ), a @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activator, resulted in an increased secretion of PAcP in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. @entity10757 , a biologically inactive isomer of @entity865 , had no effect. This @entity865 stimulation of PAcP secretion was observed 2 h after exposure, while @entity865 did not have a significant effect on the mRNA level even with a 6 h treatment. A23187 @entity460 ionophore, known to mobilize cellular @entity460 which is a co-factor of @entity7131 , also activated PAcP secretion. This @entity865 stimulation of PAcP secretion was more potent than the conventional stimulating agent @entity586 ( @entity587 ) at the same concentration of 50 nM. Furthermore, the action of @entity865 and @entity587 on PAcP secretion was blocked by five different @entity7131 inhibitors. Results also showed that @entity587 , as well as @entity865 , could rapidly modulate @entity7131 activity. Therefore, @entity7131 can regulate PAcP secretion, and may also be involved in @entity587 action on PAcP secretion.

title: Protein kinase C pathway is involved in regulating the secretion of prostatic acid phosphatase in XXXX @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['5alpha-dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity10757 :: ('MESH:C033085', 'Chemical') :: ['4Alpha-phorbol']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity2741 is a common problem in renal transplant recipients, although in most cases, spontaneous resolution occurs within 1 year after renal transplantation. This condition may persist in some @entity1 producing effects on renal function which are not well understood. In this study, we sought to analyze the effect of persistent @entity2741 in the posttransplantation period on the function of renal transplants. A total of 121 recipients (31 @entity1 , 90 @entity1 ; mean age, 34.1 +/- 9.9 years) underwent renal transplantation between 1999 and 2002. All @entity1 underwent prospective evaluation of their serum @entity460 levels at 6-month intervals. A sustained corrected mean serum @entity460 level higher than 10.2 mg/dL was defined as "persistent @entity2741 ." @entity1 who had a gradual increase in their serum @entity1011 levels to >2 mg/dL or a 50% rise above the baseline were considered to display @entity102 ( @entity102 ). Among 121 recipients, 52 @entity1 (43%) developed @entity102 and 37 @entity1 (30.6%) had persistent @entity2741 . Among the @entity102 @entity1 , 22 suffered persistent @entity2741 , while the other 15 @entity1 were without @entity102 , a difference that was statistically significant (42.3% vs 21.7%, P = .01). The mean @entity460 levels were lower among @entity1 without than with @entity102 , a difference that did not reach statistical significance (9.9 +/- 0.4 mg/dL vs 10.1 +/- 0.6 mg/dL, P = .1). In conclusion, persistent @entity2741 in the posttransplantation period may significantly contribute to the development of @entity740 .

title: Persistent XXXX is a significant risk factor for graft dysfunction in renal transplantation recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'chronic allograft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allograft nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2741 :: (MESH:D006934,Disease) :: ['hypercalcemia']


abstract: @entity4128 ventricular @entity1141 / @entity296 (ARVC) is characterized histologically by massive infiltration of the right ventricular wall by fat tissue, with surviving strands of cardiomyocytes bordered by or embedded in @entity82 . ARVC has been recognized as a cause of @entity944 , especially in the young. The purpose of our autopsy study was to examine the clinical characteristics and the pathological patterns in the hearts of 20 @entity1 who died suddenly of ARVC. In view of our findings and the literature, we discussed the possible causes and pathogenesis of ARVC, as well as the mechanisms by which @entity944 occurs in this disease. During the 7-year study period, 20 hearts from 9 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 fulfilled the criteria for ARVC. The mean age was 41 years (range, 17 to 80). The disease was unknown prior to death in all cases. Fourteen @entity1 died at rest, and six on effort. In 9 of the 20 cases, the trigger of @entity944 was an acute emotional stress, sometimes associated with a moderate physical activity. The mean heart weight was 380 g (range, 280 to 520). Both ventricles were involved in 40% of the cases. Inflammatory infiltrates consisting of lymphocytes were present in 60% of the cases, but myocyte @entity39 was found in only one case. ARVC is more likely to result from a degenerative process than a @entity4670 . Genetic factors, viral or autoimmune @entity32 or both, and apoptosis are also involved in the @entity179 .

title: Pathology of XXXX right @entity296 / @entity1141 --an autopsy study of 20 forensic cases.

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmogenic right']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorder']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity4128 :: (MESH:D019571,Disease) :: ['arrhythmogenic']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 71-year-old @entity1 had suffered for 6 weeks from fatigue, dry cough and @entity221 . Five years previously @entity0 had been diagnosed and had been successfully treated with subtotal mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy, as well as aromatase inhibitor until shortly before the present admission. There was no history of travel to tropical countries, but during the last summer she had spent two weeks in Northern Italy. [corrected] INVESTIGATIONS: On admission the body temperature was 38,5 C with a mild @entity591 (108/min). Laboratory findings revealed a @entity3043 and slightly elevated liver enzymes. The ultrasound showed a @entity828 . The investigation of the bone marrow showed a great amount of @entity4801 forms due to @entity234 [corrected] TREATMENT, COURSE AND DIAGNOSIS: Treatment with liposomal @entity2379 brought about rapid improvement, the dry cough subsided and the laboratory results became normal. CONCLUSION: @entity3043 , @entity221 , dry cough and @entity828 after travelling to Mediterranean countries should raise suspicion of @entity234 . This diagnosis is confirmed by direct detection of the parasite in the bone marrow. Administration of liposomal @entity2379 is efficacious and safe, bringing about full recovery in up to 90% of cases.

title: [ @entity3043 , @entity828 and dry cough after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['Pancytopenia', 'pancytopenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Deficiency of @entity6417 ( @entity6417 ), a common @entity74 of Caucasians, is associated with an increased risk for early-onset @entity1030 and childhood @entity409 . The two most common deficiency variants, @entity18862 and @entity18862 , are both single base-pair substitutions causing @entity535 modifications, although neither mutation creates or destroys a naturally occurring restriction site. Dried blood specimens (DBS) submitted to the New York State Department of Health for mandated newborn screening tests were tested for @entity6417 activity using a fluorometric elastase inhibition assay. A second DBS from specimens determined to be @entity6417 deficient was phenotyped on an agarose isoelectric focusing gel. Genotypic confirmation was performed by amplifying, directly from a DBS, the regions of the DNA containing the S and Z mutation. The Z mutation was analyzed with a modified primer designed to create an artificial restriction site in the normal allele. TaqI digestion produces two bands, a 157- and a 22-bp fragment. The single base substitution in @entity18862 individuals eliminates this TaqI restriction site, thus showing the same 179-bp fragment before and after digestion. A primer mismatch placed close to the S mutation creates a restriction site in the normal allele, producing a 100-bp product after TaqI digestion. The restriction site is abolished in individuals that carry the S mutation, with a 121-bp product observed before and after digestion. Of 11,081 specimens screened, 3 @entity18862 neonates, all Caucasian, were detected by these methodologies for an estimated incidence of 1:2019 in the Caucasian or 1:3694 in the general population in New York State.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Molecular confirmation of XXXX genotypes in newborn dried blood specimens.

entities_list: @entity6417 :: ('5265', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 1AT', 'alpha 1-antitrypsin']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorder']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity6417 :: (5265,Gene) :: ['alpha 1-antitrypsin']


abstract: A crossover study was performed in 12 Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) undergoing preshipment examinations to compare a partially reversible to a fully reversible intramuscular chemical immobilization protocol. The partially reversible protocol (MKA) consisted of induction with @entity8998 (0.06 +/- 0.009 mg/kg) and @entity3652 (2.03 +/- 0.315 mg/kg) and antagonism by @entity22571 (0.30 +/- 0.044 mg/kg). The fully reversible protocol (CXNA) consisted of induction with @entity6254 (0.009 +/- 0.003 mg/kg) and @entity4763 (0.08 +/- 0.019 mg/kg) and antagonism by @entity836 (0.867 +/- 0.332 mg/kg) and @entity22571 (0.105 +/- 0.023 mg/ kg). Animals were monitored for quality and length of induction and recovery, depth of immobilization, heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, indirect mean blood pressure (MBP), @entity26 saturation, and end-tidal @entity544 concentration. Blood was collected for serum @entity701 measurement. Significant (P < 0.05) differences included a higher MBP, higher serum @entity701 , and longer recovery time with MKA compared to CXNA. In addition, the quality of induction and recovery were different. With MKA, animals ambulated less during induction, remained recumbent longer during recovery, and demonstrated more @entity2055 on rising. Despite differences between the protocols, both provided an acceptable level of immobilization for pre-shipment testing to be done and appeared to be safe in the study population. These differences should be taken into consideration when selecting the anesthetic protocol because either regimen may be more or less desirable for different medical or immobilization settings.

title: Comparison of two injectable immobilization combinations in Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus): @entity8998 , @entity3652 , and @entity22571 versus @entity6254 , @entity4763 , @entity836 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity8998 :: ('MESH:D020926', 'Chemical') :: ['medetomidine']

entities_list: @entity6254 :: ('MESH:C017114', 'Chemical') :: ['carfentanil']

entities_list: @entity22571 :: ('MESH:C050701', 'Chemical') :: ['atipamezole']

answer: @entity22571 :: (MESH:C050701,Chemical) :: ['atipamezole']


abstract: A disturbance in the region of the head can provoke @entity158 in the distribution of the trigeminal and upper cervical nerves due to a convergence of the afferent fibers of the three superior cervical roots on the neurones of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. The therapeutic value of greater occipital and supraorbital nerve blockade in 27 @entity1 with @entity2704 , unresponsive to several combinations of pharmacological treatments, was investigated. @entity1 were given repeated anesthetic blocks, on alternate days, up to a maximum of 10 blocks. Perineural injections of 0.5 to 1.0 mL of 0.5% @entity1341 were given at the epicranial emergence points of the above nerves in relation to the distribution of the @entity158 only if such nerves were @entity158 sensitive to pressure. Clinical evaluation was determined by a monthly @entity158 Index and recording of the number of @entity2704 attacks and analgesic consumption each month. A @entity1 was considered responsive when the @entity158 Index decreased by 50% or more in the first month after treatment. Twenty-three @entity1 (85%) responded beneficially and maintained a favorable response for the 6-month period of observation. The treatment was considered to be of long-lasting effectiveness and without any side effects. Four @entity1 (15%) were unresponsive to treatment. We hypothesize that the anesthetic blocks extinguished presumed foci of nociceptor discharges maintained by perivascular @entity13624 , thereby reestablishing normal central neurone sensitivity. In conclusion, blockade of the supraorbital and greater occipital nerves appears to be effective in the treatment of @entity2704 ; however, controlled studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

title: Therapeutic blockade of greater occipital and supraorbital nerves in @entity2704 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['cephalic pain', 'Total Pain', 'pain', 'conspicuously pain']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The A-allele of the fat mass and @entity28 -associated ( @entity18957 ) gene variant @entity18956 has been associated with increased body weight, whereas no effect on @entity353 during weight reduction programs has been observed. We questioned whether the AA-genotype interferes with weight stabilization after @entity353 . DESIGN: We conducted a monocentric, longitudinal study involving @entity28 individuals. The @entity18957 gene variant @entity18956 was genotyped in @entity1 attending a weight reduction program that was divided into two phases: a weight reduction period with formula diet (12 weeks) and a weight maintenance phase (40 weeks). Body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and concentrations of blood @entity413 , total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and @entity1674 were determined in week 0 (T(0)), after 12 weeks (T(1)) and at the end in week 52 (T(2)). SUBJECTS: A total of 193 @entity28 subjects aged between 18 and 72 years (129 female, 64 male; initial body weight: 122.4  22.3   kg, initial BMI: 41.8  6.7   kg   m(-2)) were included. RESULTS: Genotyping revealed 32.1% TT-, 39.4% AT- and 28.5% AA-genotype carriers. At T (0), carriers of the AA-genotype had significantly higher body weight (P=0.04) and BMI (P=0.005) than carriers of the TT-genotype. Of the 193 @entity1 , 68 discontinued and 125 completed the program. Dropout rate was not influenced by genotype (P=0.33). Completers with AA-genotype showed significantly lower additional @entity353 during the weight maintenance phase than TT-genotype carriers (P=0.02). Furthermore, among @entity1 facing weight regain during weight maintenance (n=52), more subjects were carrying the AA-genotype (P=0.006). No influence of genotype on weight reduction under formula diet was observed (P=0.32). CONCLUSION: In this program, the AA-genotype of @entity18956 was associated with a higher initial body weight and did influence success of weight stabilization. Thus, emphasizing the maintenance phase during a weight reduction program might result in better success for AA-genotype carriers.

title: The A-allele of the common @entity18957 gene variant XXXX complicates weight maintenance in severe @entity28 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity18956 :: (rs9939609,SNP) :: ['rs9939609']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study risk factors, contributing factors of @entity364 in Upper Egypt, test the isolated species sensitive to some therapeutic agents, and to investigate the air-borne bacteria and fungi in opthalmology operating rooms. METHODS: Thirty one cases of @entity3225 were clinically diagnosed and microbiologically studied. Indoor air-borne bacteria and fungi inside four air-conditioned operating rooms in the Ophthalmology Department at Assiut University Hospitals were also investigated. The isolated microbes from @entity3225 cases were tested for their ability to produce some extracellular enzymes including protease, lipase, urease, phosphatase and @entity2196 . Also the ability of 5 fungal isolates from @entity3225 origin to produce mycotoxins and their sensitivity to some therapeutic agents were studied. RESULTS: Results showed that bacteria and fungi were responsihle for @entity281 in 10 and 6 cases of @entity3225 , respectively and only 2 cases produced a mixture of bacteria and fungi. @entity130 was the most prevalent risk factor of @entity3225 where 58.1% of the 31 cases were due to @entity130 . In ophthalmology operating rooms, different @entity364 were isolated. 8 bacterial and 5 fungal isolates showed their ability to produce enzymes while only 3 fungal isolates were able to produce mycotoxins. @entity8974 showed the highest effect against most isolates in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of bacterial and fungal isolates to produce extracellular enzymes and mycotoxins may be aid in the invasion and destruction of eye tissues. Microbial contamination of operating rooms with air-borne bacteria and fungi in the present work may be a source of @entity86 .

title: XXXX in upper Egypt: related species and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['Terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis', 'bacterial and fungal species']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether or not brain radiotherapy and concomitant three-drug chemotherapy is feasible and yields anti- @entity5 activity in @entity1 with @entity1149 and brain metastases at time of presentation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-three previously untreated @entity1 suffering from @entity1149 and brain metastasis were prospectively included in this feasibility study. Most of the @entity1 had neurological symptoms and an Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance index over 2. Treatment consisted of three courses of whole brain radiotherapy (18 Gy in 10 fractions) and @entity1206 , 30 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, @entity1260 , 1.5 g/m2 daily from day 1 through day 3 with uromitexan uroprotection, and @entity900 , 100 mg/m2 on day 2. A cycle restarted every 28 days. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 completed the three-cycle programme. All @entity1 were affected by a grade 4 @entity1398 and 14 of them experienced a febrile episode. Other @entity137 were mild to moderate and manageable. Received-dose intensities of @entity1206 , @entity1260 and @entity900 were 80, 90 and 90%, respectively. Overall response rate was 30%. Specific evaluation of brain response demonstrated complete response for seven @entity1 , and partial response in six (objective brain response rate, 56%). All responders benefited by a remission of symptoms and improvement of performance index. Median survival from start of protocol was 7.6 months. CONCLUSION: Although the high rate of @entity137 requiring re-admission, concomitant brain radiotherapy plus @entity1206 , @entity1260 and @entity900 chemotherapy is feasible in @entity1 suffering from brain metastasis, and demonstrates an anti- @entity5 activity for this particular subset of stage IV @entity1149 . The development of such an @entity146 approach needs further comparative evaluation.

title: Concomitant brain radiotherapy and @entity1206 - XXXX - @entity900 chemotherapy in brain metastases of @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several different viruses have been associated with @entity2401 -related diseases in the @entity12178 aquaculture industry. In this study, we investigated the presence of PMCV, SAV, @entity4247 and the recently identified @entity46191 (ASCV), alone and as @entity325 in farmed @entity12178 displaying @entity2401 . The analyses were performed at the individual level and comprised qPCR and histopathological examination of 397 salmon from 25 farms along the Norwegian coast. The samples were collected in 2009 and 2010, 5-22  months post-sea transfer. The study documented multiple causes of @entity2401 and revealed @entity325 including individual fish infected with all four viruses. There was an overall correlation between lesions characteristic of CMS and @entity1726 and the presence of PMCV and SAV, respectively. Although @entity4247 was ubiquitously present, high viral loads were with a few exceptions, correlated with lesions characteristic of HSMI. ASCV did not seem to have any impact on @entity296 by PMCV, SAV or @entity4247 . qPCR indicated a negative correlation between PMCV and SAV viral loads. @entity325 result in mixed and atypical pathological changes which pose a challenge for disease diagnostic work.

title: Viral co-infections in farmed @entity12178 , @entity12178 L., displaying XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infection']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infections', 'Co-infections']

entities_list: @entity46191 :: ('1489836', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon calicivirus']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and tolerance of single-agent @entity1205 and @entity1261 in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-three chemotherapy-naive @entity1 (median age, 65 years) with histologically confirmed @entity788 were treated, after appropriate premedication, with @entity1205 (100 mg/m(2)) and @entity1261 (150 microg/m(2)/d subcutaneously days 2 through 10) every 3 weeks. World Health Organization performance status was 0 to 1 in 28 @entity1 (85%) and 2 in 5 @entity1 (15%). Twenty-nine @entity1 had @entity5 . RESULTS: One complete response (3%) and one partial response (3%) were observed for an overall response rate of 6% (95% confidence interval, 2.1% to 14.2%). Nineteen @entity1 (58%) had stable disease and 12 (36%) had progressive disease. The duration of the two objective responses was 10 and 28 weeks, and the median time to @entity5 progression was 20 weeks. The median overall survival was 36 weeks. The actuarial 1-year survival was 36.4%. The performance status improved in seven of 21 assessable @entity1 (24%) and @entity158 improved in 14 of 21 (67%) assessable @entity1 ; five @entity1 (29%) experienced @entity1017 during treatment. Disease-related @entity1395 , @entity448 , @entity391 , and @entity294 improved in 29%, 15%, 67%, and 47% of the assessable patients, respectively. Serum concentrations of CA 19-9 were decreased by more than 50% in seven @entity1 (35%). Grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 occurred in four @entity1 (12%) and eight @entity1 (24%), respectively, with two episodes of @entity1398 . There were no treatment-related @entity204 . Grade 3/4 @entity1395 occurred in three @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Although @entity1205 has a marginal objective activity in @entity788 , it seems to have an important effect on @entity5 growth control, conferring a clinical benefit.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity1205 and @entity1261 : a multicenter phase II study.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III and IV disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: @entity13739 is an intestinal @entity8143 with an obligatory pulmonary cycle. A Th2-type immune response is induced and amplifies the cellular response through the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Although this response has been described as being similar to @entity565 , airway remodeling during pulmonary migration of larvae has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to identify the occurrence of airway remodeling during Strongyloides venezuelensis (S. v.) @entity281 and to determine the ability of @entity619 treatment to interfere with the mechanisms involved in this process. @entity35 were inoculated with 9,000 S. v. larvae, treated with @entity619 (2 mg/kg) and killed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days. Morphological and morphometric analyzes with routine stains and immunohistochemistry were conducted, and some inflammatory mediators were evaluated using ELISA. Goblet cell hyperplasia and increased bronchiolar thickness, characterized by @entity4 , @entity2295 , inflammatory infiltrate, collagen deposition and enlargement of the smooth muscle cell layer were observed. @entity6667 , @entity3426 and @entity12718 levels were elevated throughout the course of the @entity281 . The morphological findings and the immunomodulatory response to the @entity281 were drastically reduced in @entity619 -treated @entity35 . The pulmonary migration of @entity24202 larvae produced a transitory, but significant amount of airway remodeling with a slight residual bronchiolar @entity82 . The exact mechanisms involved in this process require further study.

title: @entity619 reduces bronchial wall remodeling during pulmonary migration of Strongyloides venezuelensis larvae in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity13739 :: ('MESH:D013322', 'Disease') :: ['Strongyloidiasis']

entities_list: @entity24202 :: ('54571', 'Species') :: ['S. venezuelensis']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['parasitosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Although @entity1311 (TAXOL) appears to be one of the most promising antineoplastic agents of the last decade, with demonstrated activity in advanced and refractory ovarian, breast, lung, and @entity135 , most clinical oncologists have had little experience with the agent. This is largely the result of the initially limited supply of @entity1311 and other obstacles encountered during early clinical development that restricted the drug's availability to a few investigational centers. Although a high incidence of major @entity56 due to the Cremophor EL vehicle used in formulation disrupted and almost terminated the clinical development of @entity1311 , @entity56 are no longer a serious problem consequent to the advent of effective premedication regimens and longer administration schemes. Instead, @entity1398 is the principal @entity137 of @entity1311 . At clinically relevant doses, absolute neutrophil count nadirs are severely depressed in most @entity1 . The duration of severe @entity1398 , however, is usually brief; treatment delays for unresolved hematologic @entity137 are rare, and absolute neutrophil count nadirs are constant with repetitive dosing, suggesting that @entity1398 is not cumulative. Asymptomatic sinus @entity1168 has occurred in up to 29% of @entity1 in phase II trials, and other @entity299 , including @entity713 , @entity1165 , and possible @entity63 manifestations, have been reported in approximately 3% of @entity1 . @entity299 have primarily been noted in studies that used cardiac monitoring to more effectively detect and manage major @entity56 . Although sinus @entity1168 and conduction blocks appear to represent true @entity137 , @entity1165 and @entity63 manifestations, which have largely been observed in @entity1 with preexisting @entity299 , may not be due to @entity1311 . In view of the lack of clinical significance of the cardiac effects and their infrequent occurrence, cardiac monitoring during @entity1311 is not recommended for @entity1 without cardiac risk factors. However, until precise risk factors can be defined, @entity1 with a significant antecedent cardiac history are generally not considered to be good candidates for @entity1311 therapy. @entity2359 , characterized principally by peripheral neurosensory manifestations, has generally been of mild to moderate severity, even in heavily pretreated @entity1 at @entity1311 doses < or = 200 mg/m2. However, some @entity1 have developed a severe sensory-motor @entity305 at higher doses of @entity1311 (given as a single agent or in combination with @entity900 ). @entity1 with an antecedent @entity1897 or coexisting medical illnesses associated with @entity1897 (such as @entity6 and substantial prior @entity167 use) appear to be especially prone to developing @entity1897 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Clinical XXXX encountered with @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular conduction and bundle branch blocks']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac disturbances', 'cardiac disturbances', 'cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: Recently, at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) we proposed a new treatment technique called synchronized moving aperture radiation therapy (SMART) to account for @entity5 motion during radiotherapy. The basic idea of SMART is to synchronize the moving radiation beam aperture formed by a dynamic multileaf collimator with the @entity5 motion induced by respiration. The two key requirements for being able to successfully use SMART in clinical practice are the precise and fast detection of @entity5 position during the simulation/treatment and the good reproducibility of the @entity5 motion pattern. To fulfil the first requirement, an integrated radiotherapy imaging system is currently being developed at MGH. The results of a previous study show that @entity1353 techniques are required to make SMART an efficient technique in general. In this study, we investigate volunteer and @entity1 @entity1576 using a commercial respiratory gating system as a respiration @entity15285 tool. Five healthy volunteers, observed during six sessions, and 33 @entity2 @entity1 , observed during one session when undergoing 4D CT scans, were investigated with audio and visual promptings, with free breathing as a control. For all five volunteers, @entity1353 was well tolerated and the intra- and inter-session reproducibility of the breathing pattern was greatly improved. Out of 33 @entity1 , six exhibited a regular breathing pattern and needed no @entity15285 , four could not be coached at all due to the @entity1 's medical condition or had difficulty following the instructions, 13 could only be coached with audio instructions and 10 could follow the instructions of and benefit from audio-video @entity15285 . We found that, for all volunteers and for those @entity1 who could be properly coached, @entity1353 improves the duty cycle of SMART treatment. However, about half of the @entity1 could not follow both audio and video instructions simultaneously, suggesting that the current @entity15285 technique requires improvements.

title: Synchronized moving aperture radiation therapy (SMART): improvement of breathing pattern reproducibility using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breath coaching']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory coaching']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory coaching']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effects of bone setting manipulation on simplified operation and swelling reduction in treating @entity174 . METHODS: From December 2005 to November 2010, 42 @entity1 with calcaneal were reviewed, including 25 males and 17 females, ranging in age from 18 to 74 years, with an average of 41.4 years. Twenty @entity1 had @entity174 in the left and 22 in the right. Twenty-three @entity1 were treated with anatomical plate fixation, 19 @entity1 were treated with Kirchners wires or cannulated screws fixation. The average period of swelling in soft tissue, joint function and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were followed up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 18 months, with a mean of 8.3 months. The @entity158 was markedly relieved at the next day after reduction, and the swelling was relieved in 3 to 5 days. The operative was simplified and the average operative time was 90 minutes. The swelling was relieved in 4 to 7 days after the operation, and the @entity39 of skin was not found. The average postoperatively B  hler angle was (31 +/- 3.2) degrees. Gissane angle was (112 +/- 5.3) degrees. Calcaneal width was (30.2 +/- 0.89) mm. According to Maryland foot function score system, 16 @entity1 got an excellent result, 18 good, 6 fair and 2 bad. CONCLUSION: The operation is simplified, and skin complications decrease, as well as the detumescence period is shortened.

title: [Bone setting manipulation combined with surgery for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'calcaneal fractures']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['calcaneal fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine surgical findings and results of microvascular decompression (MVD) for @entity5587 ( @entity5587 ). METHODS: Between 1990 and 2007, 31 consecutive @entity1 affected by drug-resistant @entity5587 underwent MVD through a retromastoid keyhole in the supine position with the head rotated to the opposite side. A retrospective analysis was performed that paid particular attention to the relationship among surgical technique, @entity158 control and side effects. RESULTS: A vascular compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve was found in all cases. Twenty-eight out of 31 @entity1 (90.3%) were found to be @entity158 free without medication at long-term follow-up (1-17 years, mean 7.5 years). Three @entity1 (9.7%) were found to require medication to control @entity158 paroxysms that were less frequent and less severe than those observed preoperatively. Two @entity1 required repeated surgery for a drug-resistant recurrence of @entity158 for a total of 33 MVDs. We observed no mortality and did not find any long-term surgical morbidity. @entity129 , when observed, always resolved in the following months. CONCLUSIONS: MVD is a safe and effective treatment for @entity5587 in @entity1 of all ages.

title: Microvascular decompression for XXXX : a long-term retrospectic review of the Milan-Bologna experience in 31 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity5587 :: ('MESH:D020435', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glossopharyngeal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Cranial nerve impairment']

answer: @entity5587 :: (MESH:D020435,Disease) :: ['glossopharyngeal neuralgia']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 19-year-old female student who purchased a puppy from a pet shop four weeks earlier. At the time of her first examination, an annular @entity4 with adherent scales and vesicles surrounding its margin was seen on the left forearm. On direct examination of the vesicles, fungal elements were detected, and @entity14476 was isolated. The puppy was a Pomeranian and was kept in the house at all times. No clinical lesions were seen on the puppy, and the Wood's lamp test was negative. However, @entity14476 was isolated from the animal by the hairbrush method. Symptoms disappeared after the @entity1 was treated topically with @entity8974 cream for three weeks. Although the @entity235 received no treatment whatsoever, there was no evidence of the disease on the pet. Results of the hairbrush method performed on the pet two and three weeks later were negative, but, at five weeks, it was again positive. @entity1 infection with @entity14476 from an asymptomatic @entity235 was demonstrated in this case. Attention should be paid to preventing @entity281 from animals without lesions.

title: Tinea corporis due to XXXX from an asymptomatic @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous erythema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity14476 :: ('63405', 'Species') :: ['M. canis', 'Microsporum canis']

answer: @entity14476 :: (63405,Species) :: ['Microsporum canis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipaemia retinalis is a rarely described ocular manifestation of @entity407 . We report on a female @entity1 with @entity227 associated with lipaemia retinalis due to a @entity209 . @entity1 : A 45-year-old female @entity1 presented with bilateral slowly progressing @entity227 . Additionally, there were eruptive xanthomatas all over the body. Visual acuity measured 0.2 in both eyes. There was a bilateral creamy discoloration of retinal vessels with a salmon-colored fundus. The peripheral visual field was reduced. Laboratory findings indicated a severe mixed @entity407 ( @entity412 11,694 mg/dl, @entity165 1724 mg/dl). Immediately initiated therapy to normalize the metabolism resulted in improvement of clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION: Lipaemia retinalis is an useful clinical indicator for triglyceridemia. Persistent lipaemia retinalis may lead to @entity227 and may be a sign of severe @entity209 . To prevent @entity65 immediate treatment is necessary.

title: [Lipaemia retinalis due to XXXX --case report].

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual loss and visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A meta-analysis suggested that the use of @entity4006 , which is a partial agonist of nicotinic @entity934 receptors and is effective in smoking cessation, increases the risk of cardiovascular events within 52 weeks of starting treatment. Defining these events as occurring during drug treatment (usually for 12 weeks) or within 30 days of discontinuation, another meta-analysis showed that the risk was statistically insignificant. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the effect of @entity4006 -assisted smoking cessation on vascular endothelial function assessed by @entity450 ( @entity450 ). DESIGN: Before-after and time-series. SETTING: Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. @entity1 : Data of 85 @entity1 who visited @entity1239 -dependent outpatient services were reviewed. @entity450 was repeatedly measured in 33 of the 85 @entity1 . INCLUSION CRITERIA: 20 years and older, Brinkman index >= 200, @entity286 @entity734 Screener >= 5 and stated motivation to quit smoking. INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 was treated with @entity4006 titrated up to 1.0 mg twice daily (for 12 weeks in total). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were evaluated by @entity450 prior to, and 3 months after, complete smoking cessation. Follow-up @entity450 measurements were carried out every 3 months if possible. Changes in @entity450 during @entity4006 use were also evaluated. RESULTS: @entity450 was significantly increased from 4.0  1.8% to 5.5  2.2% (p<0.01, n=22) 3 months after complete cessation. Although the timecourse of @entity450 in most of the cases showed an increase with fluctuations, there was an exceptional case where @entity450 decreased over the 9 months following complete cessation. Although statistically insignificant, @entity450 also increased during @entity4006 use (from 3.7  2.7% to 4.3  2.8%, n=11). CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest that in ceasing smokers, @entity4006 and smoking cessation do not lead to a worsening of the vascular endothelial function. TRIAL REGISTRATION: FK-79 (International University of Health and Welfare).

title: Does smoking cessation with XXXX worsen vascular endothelial function?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4006 :: ('MESH:C500838', 'Chemical') :: ['varenicline']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated vasodilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Dependence']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4006 :: (MESH:C500838,Chemical) :: ['varenicline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Damage control (DC) strategy has significantly contributed to mortality reduction in massively @entity548 and critically injured @entity130 victims. However, there is a lack of literature validating the effectiveness of this approach in the elderly population. METHODS: The @entity130 registry of a Level I @entity130 center was utilized to identify all severely injured @entity1 [Injury Severity Score (ISS) >= 16] from January 1996 to December 2007 who underwent initial DC procedures. @entity1 with a head Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) >= 3 were excluded from the analysis. Demographics, clinical and physiological parameters, and in-hospital outcome measures were compared between elderly (>= 55 years) and younger (<55 years) @entity1 cohorts subjected to DC procedures. RESULTS: Overall, 158 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 34 @entity1 (21.5%) were aged >= 55 years (range 55-85 years) and 124 @entity1 (78.5%) were <55 years old (range 16-54 years). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 10.1% (n = 16) with a significantly higher mortality rate for elderly @entity1 than for younger @entity1 : 29.4% vs. 4.8%; adjusted P = 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.09 (2.30-21.74). When stratified by DC subgroups, the case-fatality rate was significantly higher for the elderly @entity1 who underwent extremity DC procedures [19.2% vs. 3.2%; adjusted P = 0.032; adjusted OR with 95% CI 5.95 (1.16-30.30)] and DC laparotomy [55.6% vs. 7.1%; P = 0.005; OR and 95% CI 16.25 (2.32-114.06)]. Both cohorts required massive transfusion during the initial 24 h of admission (18.9    2.9 vs. 15.1    1.6 units of packed red blood cells; P = 0.290). Nevertheless, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding hospital and surgical intensive care unit lengths of stay or major in-hospital complications. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate for elderly @entity130 @entity1 undergoing DC is excessive at 29%. Despite the significant @entity130 and the massive transfusion requirement, most of the elderly @entity1 subjected to DC survived and experienced in-hospital morbidity measures comparable to those of the younger @entity1 . Our results provide further support for damage control intervention in severely injured elderly @entity1 .

title: Impact of advanced age on outcomes following damage control interventions for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burden of injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dust exposure is a well-known occupational hazard for terrestrial workers and astronauts alike and will continue to be a concern as humankind pursues exploration and habitation of objects beyond Earth. Humankind's limited exploration experience with the Apollo Program indicates that exposure to dust will be unavoidable. Therefore, NASA must assess potential @entity137 and recommend appropriate mitigation measures to ensure that explorers are adequately protected. Visual acuity is critical during exploration activities and operations aboard spacecraft. Therefore, the present research was performed to ascertain the @entity2194 of authentic lunar dust. METHODS: Small (mean particle diameter   =   2.9        1.0  m), reactive lunar dust particles were produced by grinding bulk dust under ultrapure @entity1568 conditions. Chemical reactivity and @entity137 testing were performed using the commercially available EpiOcularTM assay. Subsequent in vivo Draize testing utilized a larger size fraction of unground lunar dust that is more relevant to ocular exposures (particles <120  m; median particle diameter   =   50.9        19.8  m). RESULTS: In vitro testing indicated minimal irritancy potential based on the time required to reduce cell viability by 50% (ET50). Follow-up testing using the Draize standard protocol confirmed that the lunar dust was minimally irritating. Minor irritation of the upper eyelids was noted at the 1-hour observation point, but these effects resolved within 24 hours. In addition, no corneal scratching was observed using @entity941 stain. CONCLUSIONS: Low- @entity702 mare lunar dust is minimally irritating to the eyes and is considered a nuisance dust for ocular exposure. No special precautions are recommended to protect against ocular exposures, but fully shielded goggles may be used if dust becomes a nuisance.

title: XXXX of authentic lunar dust.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Ocular toxicity']


abstract: In a prospective, randomized, multicenter study, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) with @entity3003 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) followed by locoregional treatment (LRT) was compared with locoregional treatment alone in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity135 . This study, which includes 324 @entity1 , was conducted from January 1988 to July 1991. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the @entity3003 / @entity1487 regimen both on the incidence of mutilating surgery and on the survival rate. Chemotherapy consisted of three cycles of @entity3003 400 mg/m2 day 1 and @entity1487 1 g/m2 days 1-5, repeated every 3 weeks. @entity1 with a complete @entity5 response then received radiotherapy alone, instead of the treatment planned initially. Three hundred @entity1 were analyzed: 79 had @entity5 of the oral cavity, 106 @entity5 , and 115 @entity5 . One hundred fifty @entity1 underwent CT+LRT; 150 @entity1 had LRT alone. Grade 3 and 4 @entity137 rates were minimal in the CT+LRT group; @entity137 was mainly hematologic (24% @entity1398 , 19% @entity882 ). There were 3 toxic deaths (2%), 2 due to @entity295 and 1 due to @entity1370 . One hundred forty-three @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy. The @entity5 objective response rate was 63% and complete response rate was 31% (35% for oropharyngeal, 34% for @entity5 , 22.5% for oral @entity5 ), which led to a 29% decrease in the rate of mutilating surgery. Conservative treatment was performed in 57% of @entity1 in the CT+LRT group vs. 24% in the LRT group (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between survival curves in the CT+LRT and LRT groups. At 4 years, overall survival rates were 56 and 46%; disease-free survival rates were 33 and 30% in the CT+LRT and the LRT groups, respectively. The survival rates were not significantly different in the two groups. The locoregional recurrence rates were 35% in the CT+LRT arm and 25% in the LRT arm (p = 0.04), with median follow-up of 25 months. The rates of secondary localization and distant metastasis were not significantly different in the two groups.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity3003 / XXXX in @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngolaryngeal tumors', 'tumor', 'cavity tumors', 'oropharyngeal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: The loss of hippocampal interneurons has been considered as one reason for the onset of @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) by shifting the excitation-inhibition balance. Yet, there are many different interneuron types which show differential vulnerability in the context of an epileptogenic insult. We used the intrahippocampal @entity4176 (KA) @entity19 model for @entity1315 in which a focal, unilateral KA injection induces @entity159 ( @entity159 ) followed by development of granule cell dispersion (GCD) and @entity131 surrounding the injection site but not in the intermediate and temporal hippocampus. In this study, we characterized the loss of interneurons with respect to septotemporal position and to differential vulnerability of interneuron populations. To this end, we performed intrahippocampal recordings of the initial @entity159 , in situ hybridization for @entity367 decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) mRNA and immunohistochemistry for @entity5138 (PV) and @entity32327 ( @entity32327 ) in the early phase of epileptogenesis at 2 days and at 21 days after KA injection, when recurrent @entity302 and GCD have fully developed. We show that @entity159 extended along the entire septotemporal axis of both hippocampi, but was stronger at distant sites than at the injection site. There was an almost complete loss of interneurons surrounding the injection site and expanding to the intermediate hippocampus already at 2 days but increasing until 21 days after KA. Furthermore, we observed differential vulnerability of PV- and @entity32327 -expressing cells: while the latter were lost at the injection site but preserved at intermediate sites, PV-expressing cells were gone even at sites more temporal than GCD. In addition, we found upregulation of GAD67 mRNA expression in dispersed granule cells and of @entity32327 staining in ipsilateral granule cells and ipsi- and contralateral mossy fibers. Our data thus indicate differential survival capacity of interneurons in the @entity302 hippocampus and compensatory plasticity mechanisms depending on the hippocampal position.

title: Differential vulnerability of interneurons in the XXXX hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptic activity']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: The @entity1943 analog @entity46059 containing a 5 residue ring, was previously shown to inhibit the proliferation of a large number of @entity5 cell lines in vitro and reduce the size of @entity5 in animal models in vivo. Its action is accompanied by inhibition of @entity669 kinases and is characterized by the induction of programmed cell death. On the other hand, it was proved to be free of the endocrine effects of the natural compound. The aim of this study was to find the optimal dose and administration route for in vivo @entity5 therapy in an animal model. We have investigated the dose--and administration route-dependent antitumor activity of @entity46059 on S-180 @entity5 transplanted to inbred BDF1 @entity19 from SPF breeding. Long-term administration (i.p., s.c. and i.v. injections) was started either on the day subsequent to @entity5 transplantation or after the development of @entity5 . The antineoplastic potential of @entity46059 was evaluated on the basis of survival and @entity5 growth inhibition. In long-term administration (injections twice a day for 2 weeks) a significant, but dose- and administration route-dependent therapeutic efficacy of @entity46059 was observed. The optimum dose of @entity46059 15 micrograms/kg which resulted in a 30-40% cure rate and 50-70% growth inhibition in S-180 @entity5 . A moderate antitumor effect was achieved by @entity46059 when it was administered after the evelopment of @entity5 . Our study suggests that @entity46059 can be a promising antitumor agent.

title: In vivo antitumor activity of @entity46059 a novel XXXX analog.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sarcoma tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in preoperative decompensation and postoperative compensation of the maxillary incisors in @entity1 with skeletal @entity3233 treated with 2-jaw surgery and extraction or nonextraction of the maxillary first premolars. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 50 skeletal Class III @entity1 who had a normal maxillary position, prognathic mandible, and mild crowding in the maxillary arch ( <=4 mm). All @entity1 were treated with 2-jaw surgery. They were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n  = 25) had extraction of the maxillary first premolars, and group 2 (n  = 25) had no extractions. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed before treatment (T0), 1 month before surgery (T1), 1 day after surgery (T2), and after debonding (T3). After measurement of the skeletodental variables, statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: At T0, group 1 exhibited more compensated maxillary incisors compared with group 2 (U1-SN, P  <0.001). Considerable preoperative decompensation in group 1 and negligible preoperative decompensation in group 2 occurred at T1 (/\U1-SN, -9.1   vs 1.1  ). Although maxillary incisor inclination significantly decreased with surgical movement of the maxilla at T2, this increased to compensate for the postsurgical skeletal relapse in both groups at T3. Although 24% of group 1 had a normal range of maxillary incisor inclination (U1-SN) at T0, it increased to 68% at T1. A dominant pattern of the subjects within the normal range of U1-SN was maintained in groups 1 and 2 (80% and 96% at T2, and 72% and 80% at T3, respectively). According to the achievement ratio, the U1-SN value became close to the norm mainly by preoperative decompensation in group 1 (95.5%) and by surgery in group 2 (130.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study might provide effective guidelines for predicting the amount and pattern of preoperative decompensation and postoperative compensation of the maxillary incisors in skeletal Class III @entity1 treated with 2-jaw surgery.

title: Change in maxillary incisor inclination during surgical-orthodontic treatment of skeletal XXXX : comparison of extraction and nonextraction of the maxillary first premolars.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3233 :: ('MESH:D008313', 'Disease') :: ['Class III malocclusion']

answer: @entity3233 :: (MESH:D008313,Disease) :: ['Class III malocclusion']


abstract: We here report research in which nine strains of @entity778 ( @entity778 ) with fusing activity were investigated in order to establish precise phenotypical markers of mutations in the @entity1473 terminus of glycoprotein B (gB). The gene region encoding the @entity1473 terminus of gB was isolated, then cloned, and finally sequenced. Our investigation showed that seven strains have different mutations in the @entity41363 locus. We observed no base difference in the gB gene region encoding the @entity1473 terminus of gB of two other strains. Strains with a mutation in the @entity1473 terminus of gB induced fusion from within (FFWI) in the presence of @entity205 (CyA) at a concentration up to 150 microM. There are two clusters of mutations correlated with the @entity41363 locus and selected in the presence of CyA: One group comprised of @entity535 substitutions at position 816, the other of changes at positions 853, 854, and 857. In contrast, the fusion induced by strains with mutations in other @entity15735 loci is CyA sensitive. CyA inhibits the FFWI at concentrations of 20-60 microM. The results demonstrate the CyA resistance of @entity778 -induced FFWI should serve as a phenotypical marker of mutations in the @entity1473 terminus of gB. Moreover, our investigations revealed that fusion from without (FFWO) does not always serve as a phenotypical marker of mutations in the @entity41363 locus. On the one hand, all FFWO-positive strains possess a @entity41363 locus mutation, whilst, on the other hand, five strains with mutations in the @entity1473 terminus of gB are FFWO negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX resistance of herpes simplex virus-induced "fusion from within" as a phenotypical marker of mutations in the @entity41363 locus of the glycoprotein B gene.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Herpes simplex virus', 'HSV']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin A']


abstract: PURPOSE: As @entity1032 stigma contributes to poor outcomes for @entity161 in China, locating strategies to reduce public stigma is imperative. It is currently unknown whether diagnostic labeling and contact with different help-seeking sources increase or decrease public stigma in China. Further, it remains unresolved whether prior personal contact acts to reduce stigma in this context. Advancing understanding of these processes may facilitate stigma-reduction strategies. METHODS: We administered an experimental vignette randomly assigning one of four labeling conditions to respondents to assess social distance towards a @entity716 vignette individual in a sample of 160 Northern, urban Chinese community respondents. RESULTS: As expected, respondents given a "non-psychiatric, indigenous label"  +  "lay help-seeking" condition endorsed the least social distance. Unexpectedly, the labeling condition with a "psychiatric diagnostic label"  +  "lay help-seeking" condition elicited the greatest social distance. Unlike Western studies, personal contact did not independently decrease community stigma. However, prior contact reduced social distance to a greater extent in the labeling condition with a "non-psychiatric, indigenous label"  +  "lay help-seeking" condition when compared with all other labeling conditions. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that cultural idioms do provide some protection from stigma, but only among respondents who are already familiar with what @entity1032 is. Our finding that the condition that depicted untreated @entity716 elicited the greatest amount of stigma, while the "treated @entity716 " condition was viewed relatively benignly in China, suggests that improved access to mental health services in urban China has the potential to decrease public stigma via labeling mechanisms.

title: Effects of labeling and interpersonal contact upon attitudes towards XXXX : implications for reducing @entity1032 stigma in urban China.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']