abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity282 is less intense after laparoscopic surgery than after open surgery. However, @entity1 may gain additional benefit from a preincisional local infiltration of anesthetic. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of two local anesthetics, @entity1342 and @entity1343 , for tissue infiltration as a means of improving @entity282 control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Using a randomized, double-blind study design, 57 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to receive local infiltration with 0.9% saline solution (Placebo group, n = 18), @entity1342 1% (Rop group, n = 20), or @entity1343 0.5% (Lev group, n = 19). The local anesthetic was administered, prior to trocar placement, using the same technique and delivering the same volume (20 ml) for all three groups. The anesthetic technique was standardized for all groups. @entity282 was rated at 2 h, 4 h, and 24 h postoperatively by visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Cumulative analgesic consumption and adverse effects were also recorded. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a post hoc test. RESULTS: The Lev and Rop groups did not differ significantly in their VAS scores at 2 h postoperatively, but the Lev group experienced significantly ( p < 0.001) less @entity158 than the Placebo and Rop groups at 4 h and 24 h postoperatively. The Rop group registered significantly lower VAS scores ( p < 0.001) than the Placebo group at 4 h postoperatively. Additionally, the consumption of analgesics was significantly lower in the Lev group than in the Rop ( p < 0.01) and Placebo ( p < 0.001) groups, and @entity1 in the Rop group consumed significantly less analgesics ( p < 0.001) than the to @entity1 in the Placebo group. CONCLUSION: Local tissue infiltration with @entity1343 is more effective than @entity1342 in reducing the @entity282 associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

title: Preincisional local infiltration of @entity1343 vs @entity1342 for XXXX control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combined effect of blood pressure (BP) and body weight on risk of @entity8 has not been previously studied. To improve risk stratification in prehypertensive individuals (ie, BP, 120 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg), we examined the interaction between BP and body weight on the risk of @entity8 ( @entity740 )-related @entity204 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING _ @entity1 : 74,986 adults participating in the first Health Study in Nord-Tr  ndelag (88% participation rate) were linked to the Norwegian Renal Registry and Cause of Death Registry. PREDICTORS: BP and body weight were measured by using standard procedures, and other relevant covariates were obtained from an extensive questionnaire. OUTCOME _ MEASUREMENTS: Hazard ratios for treated @entity454 and @entity740 -related @entity204 were calculated. RESULTS: Mean systolic BP and body mass index (BMI) were 136.8 +/- 23.3 (SD) mm Hg and 25.2 +/- 3.9 kg/m(2), whereas 12.9% had treated @entity101 at baseline, respectively. During a median follow-up of 21 years (1,345,882 @entity1 -years), 507 @entity1 (1.4%) and 319 @entity1 (0.8%) initiated renal replacement therapy (n = 157) or died of @entity740 (n = 669). Multiadjusted risk of these kidney outcomes increased continuously with no lower threshold for BP. The risk associated with body weight started to increase from a BMI of 25.0 kg/m(2). In @entity1 with BP less than 120/80 mm Hg, risk did not increase with increasing BMI. In prehypertensive @entity1 , multivariate adjusted hazard ratios in the BMI categories 18.5 to 24.9, 25.0 to 29.9, 30.0 to 34.9, and 35.0 kg/m(2) or greater were 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 2.17), 1.10 (95% CI, 59 to 2.00), 2.66 (95% CI, 1.28 to 5.53), and 5.94 (95% CI, 1.94 to 18.20) compared with BP less than 120/80 mm Hg and BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2), respectively (P = 0.02 for trend). Corresponding risks in @entity101 @entity1 were 2.13 (95% CI, 1.23 to 3.70), 2.40 (95% CI, 1.40 to 4.15), 3.32 (95% CI, 1.89 to 5.81), and 5.53 (95% CI, 3.01 to 10.20), respectively (P < 0.001 for trend). LIMITATIONS: Baseline creatinine measurements were not available; hence, a secondary analysis was performed that excluded all individuals who experienced outcomes in the 5 years after the study start. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1556 are not at increased risk of serious kidney outcomes if BMI is less than 30.0 kg/m(2). However, the risk of @entity8 increases substantially if @entity1556 is present in obese @entity1 .

title: @entity1556 , obesity, and risk of XXXX : 20-year follow-up of the HUNT I study in Norway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease or chronic kidney disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: A 28-yr-old female presented for preoperative evaluation. The resting ECG revealed @entity13610 with complete @entity616 with a junctional escape rhythm and a ventricular rate of 43 bpm. The @entity1 was in no apparent distress, and resting blood pressure was 80/50 mm Hg. Physical examination was largely unremarkable, with the exception of a soft, nontender, movable abdominal mass. The @entity1 complained of mild @entity1353 with stair climbing, but she was otherwise asymptomatic. Although high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block is considered a relative contraindication for exercise testing, this @entity1 was referred for an exercise ECG stress test to assist in determining whether a electronic pacemaker or other therapy was necessary. A symptom-limited maximal ECG treadmill test was performed using the Bruce protocol. The resting HR before the test was 47 bpm, and resting blood pressure was 70/50 mm Hg. Beginning with the first stage of the test, sinus rhythm with a first-degree AV block was observed. The @entity1 achieved 10.2 METs, with an HRpeak of 122 bpm and a peak blood pressure of 122/70 mm Hg. No ectopy was noted during exercise, no ST segment changes occurred during exercise or recovery, and the @entity1 remained asymptomatic. The test was terminated because of the @entity1 's inability to keep pace with the treadmill. On the basis of these results, no medical therapy or electronic pacemaker was recommended at this time, and the @entity1 was permitted to undergo surgery for uterine @entity5 . This case illustrates that although complete @entity616 is a relative contraindication to exercise testing in some @entity1 , the benefits of testing outweigh the risks.

title: Exercise testing in the presence of complete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['fibroid tumors']

entities_list: @entity13610 :: ('MESH:D001146', 'Disease') :: ['sinus arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['heart block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment guidelines recommend @entity11429 as the primary target of therapy in @entity1 with @entity1007 . Moreover, combination therapies with lipid-lowering drugs that have different mechanisms of action are recommended when it is not possible to attain @entity11429 targets with @entity1780 monotherapy. Understanding which treatment or @entity1 -related factors are associated with attaining a target may be clinically relevant. METHODS: Data were pooled from two multicenter, randomized, double-blind studies. After stabilization on @entity3413 20 mg, @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) alone and/or @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were randomized to @entity3709 10 mg/ @entity3413 20 mg (EZ/Simva) or @entity3413 40 mg. The change from baseline in low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ), total @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), TC/HDL-C ratio, @entity1674 , and the proportion of @entity1 achieving @entity11429 < 2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) after 6 weeks of treatment were assessed, and factors significantly correlated with the probability of achieving @entity11429 < 2.6 mmol/L in a population of high cardiovascular risk Italian @entity1 were identified. A stepwise logistic regression model was conducted with @entity11429 < 2.6 mmol/L at endpoint as the dependent variable and study, treatment, gender, age (> or = 65 years or < 65 years), as independent variables and baseline @entity11429 (both as continuous and discrete variable). RESULTS: EZ/Simva treatment (N = 93) resulted in significantly greater reductions in @entity11429 , TC, and TC/HDL-C ratio and higher attainment of @entity11429 < 2.6 mmol/L vs doubling the @entity3413 dose to 40 mg (N = 106). Study [including @entity6 @entity1 (OR = 2.9, p = 0.003)], EZ/Simva treatment (OR = 6.1, p < 0.001), and lower baseline @entity11429 (OR = 0.9, p = 0.001) were significant positive predictors of @entity11429 target achievement. When baseline @entity11429 was expressed as a discrete variable, the odds of achieving @entity11429 < 2.6 mmol/L was 4.8 in favor of EZ/Simva compared with Simva 40 mg (p < 0.001), regardless of baseline @entity11429 level. CONCLUSION: EZ/Simva is an effective therapeutic option for @entity1 who have not achieved recommended @entity11429 treatment targets with @entity3413 20 mg monotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial registration numbers: NCT00423488 and NCT00423579.

title: Ezetimibe/ @entity3413 vs @entity3413 in @entity301 @entity1 with or without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'T2DM']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In many cases standard management for @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) in @entity1 and adolescents is ineffective. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a video film intervention in preventing the development of persistent @entity1295 and significant school absence in fatigued @entity1 and adolescents. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. @entity1 : 91 @entity1 with @entity1295 ; 50 were randomly assigned to receive the intervention (video film plus usual care) and 41 to usual care only. INTERVENTION: A video film on @entity5815 and coping behaviour. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported @entity1295 severity, physical activity, motivation, concentration and school absence. RESULTS: 79 @entity1 had complete data at 12 months (42 in the video film and 37 in the usual care group). Mean @entity1295 severity and school absenteeism scores did not differ significantly, but in the intervention group the score for reduced motivation was higher (difference 2.9 (CI 0.1 to 5.7), p=0.038). 18% more @entity1 in the intervention compared to the usual care group also had persistent @entity1295 with significant school absence. The odds of developing persistent @entity1295 and of missing >50% of school classes was 3.3 times higher in the intervention than in the usual care group (OR 3.3 (CI 1.0 to 11.3), p=0.046). CONCLUSION: This particular video film intervention plus usual care in @entity1 and adolescents with unexplained @entity1295 did not prevent an unfavourable outcome and possibly had an adverse effect in that it reduced motivation and increased the incidence of persistent @entity1295 with significant school absence. The use of this particular film is not recommended.

title: Effects of an educational video film in fatigued XXXX and adolescents: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In a randomised, double-blind study 5,000 IU heparin- @entity3859 (Dihydergot) or placebo were administered over 14 days to 107 @entity1 with recent ischaemic cerebrovascular accident. The @entity1 were studied daily for recent @entity49 in the legs by means of the 125I-fibrinogen test. Thirteen @entity1 died before @entity49 had been demonstrated, 13 others were excluded by other causes. Of the 41 @entity1 in the placebo group 23 developed @entity49 , but only 11 of the 40 drug-treated @entity1 . @entity49 occurred in six @entity1 on the placebo and one @entity1 on the drug. Univariate analysis indicated that @entity712 , reduction of muscle tone, muscular power and level of consciousness favoured @entity715 . Multivariate analysis further indicated that both bed-rest of several days before start of the prophylactic treatment and @entity28 favoured @entity715 . The relative @entity715 risk increased by a factor of 15.2 when prophylactic measures were omitted. Death rate in the treated group ws 17.4%, in the placebo group 28.0%. These results indicate that a prophylactic regimen of the type described is a practicable and effective measure after recent ischaemic cerebrovascular accident.

title: [Prevention of @entity49 in recent ischaemic cerebrovascular accident: double-blind study with heparin- XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['extreme obesity']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Bilateral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3859 :: ('MESH:D004087', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroergotamine mesylate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3859 :: (MESH:D004087,Chemical) :: ['dihydroergotamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired response to antiplatelet therapy with @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) and @entity1397 (CLO) has been associated with an increased risk of stent @entity715 and @entity63 events after coronary stent implantation. We sought to investigate whether @entity1 with a low response (LR) to @entity1281 or CLO are at increased risk for periprocedural and short-term @entity63 events after coronary stent implantation. METHODS: A total of 219 @entity1 pretreated with @entity1281 and CLO underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. Whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry was performed with the Multiplate analyzer (Dynabyte, Munich, Germany) to test the response to @entity1281 (ASPI test) and CLO ( @entity857 test) within 12 to 18 hours after PCI. @entity1 were classified as @entity1281 -LR, CLO-LR, dual LR, and controls. Study end points included @entity583 , stent @entity715 , and death assessed during the periprocedural period and at 30 days. RESULTS: @entity117 -LR was present in 34 (16%), CLO-LR in 33 (15%), and dual LR in 19 (9%) @entity1 . Percutaneous coronary intervention-related @entity583 was encountered in 19 (9%) @entity1 , with the highest incidence in dual-LR group (26.3%, P = .039). Composite @entity63 events at 30 days were significantly more frequent in the dual-LR group than in other groups (36.8% vs 8.8% @entity1281 -LR vs 6.1% CLO-LR vs 6.8% controls, P < .001). In multivariable analysis, dual LR (odds ratio 7.35, 95% CI 2.21-24.42, P < .001) and multivessel PCI (odds ratio 4.56, 95% CI 1.33-15.62, P = .016) were independently associated with @entity63 events at 30 days. CONCLUSION: Dual LR to @entity1281 and CLO is associated with an increased risk for short-term @entity63 events after coronary stent implantation.

title: Dual low response to @entity117 and XXXX is associated with myonecrosis and stent @entity715 after coronary stent implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'Acetylsalicylic acid']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: This study compares the pattern and variability of @entity2720 between treadmill and overground walking. Gait analyses of five young adults were performed during preferred speed overground walking (GPS), preferred speed treadmill walking (TPS), and @entity4464 (TGS). Continuous relative phase (CRP), derived from the phase portraits of two adjacent joints, was used to examine the @entity2720 . Cross-correlation measures and @entity614 ( @entity614 ) differences were used to compare CRP patterns of the @entity558 to those of TPS and TGS conditions respectively. The deviation phase (DP) was used to evaluate the variability of @entity2720 during the stance and swing phases over a gait cycle for each condition. The walking speed of TPS was significantly slower than those of GPS and TGS. For the hip-knee CRP pattern, the @entity614 differences between GPS and TPS were significantly greater than the @entity614 differences between GPS and TGS. No significant differences between conditions were detected for the cross-correlation measures of hip-knee and knee-ankle CRP patterns. During the stance phase, the hip-knee DP values of TGS were significantly smaller than that of GPS and the knee-ankle DP values of TGS were also significantly smaller than that of GPS and TPS. No significant differences were detected for all three conditions in the swing phase. The findings suggest that the treadmill imposes a systemic regulation on dynamic neuromuscular control during walking, which may need to be considered while interpreting treadmill-based analysis of training to overground walking.

title: XXXX of overground versus treadmill walking in young adults.

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['inter-joint coordination']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['treadmill walking with overground preferred speed']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['GPS condition']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['root-mean-square', 'RMS']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['Inter-joint coordination']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of adult @entity1 who underwent spinal surgery over a 10-year period at a single institution. OBJECTIVE: New onset @entity86 remains one of the most feared complications of spinal surgery. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence and etiology of new onset major @entity51 immediately after adult spinal surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies, focusing on specific disease entities, have shown incidence rates of significant spinal cord or @entity1971 after spinal surgery ranging from approximately 0% to 2%. METHODS: The authors reviewed the quality assurance records for adult @entity1 who underwent spinal surgery over a 10-year period (July 1, 1996 to June 30, 2006) by surgeons in the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine at hospitals affiliated with the neurologic surgery residency program. @entity1 with new onset major @entity51 immediately after spinal surgery were identified. RESULTS: Of 11,817 adult spinal operations, 21 @entity1 experienced new onset major @entity51 immediately after spinal surgery, yielding an overall incidence of 0.178%; in the cervical spine 0.293%, thoracic spine 0.488%, and lumbar/sacral spine 0.0745%. The difference in incidence between spinal regions was statistically significant (P = 0.00343). The etiology of the @entity51 was confirmed with reoperation and/or postoperative imaging studies: epidural @entity1410 in 8 @entity1 , inadequate decompression in 5 @entity1 , presumed vascular compromise in 4 @entity1 , graft/cage dislodgement in 2 @entity1 , and presumed surgical @entity130 in 2 @entity1 . Placement of spinal instrumentation was performed in 12 of 21 @entity1 (57.1%) and was associated with a significantly higher risk of new onset major @entity51 immediately after spinal surgery (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of new onset major @entity51 immediately after adult spinal surgery is low. Epidural @entity1410 and inadequate decompression were the most common etiologies in this series of @entity1 .

title: Major XXXX immediately after adult spinal surgery: incidence and etiology over 10 years at a single training institution.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina injury']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neurologic deficit']


abstract: Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone treatment of @entity226 . @entity134 -related @entity137 and needs for alternative therapeutic regimens in @entity1 experiencing recurrent active or @entity134 -resistant diseases, are the main reasons for searching a @entity134 -sparing agent. Regarding disease pathogenesis, immunosuppressive agents might be useful drugs. @entity1499 is the most widely studied agent in this indication. However, available data are incomplete and studies have included only @entity2760 rheumatica or both @entity2760 rheumatica and @entity226 affected @entity1 . Results of these studies evoke the possibility of using @entity1499 in @entity134 -dependent or resistant diseases, as well as a @entity134 -sparing agent in order to taper off and stop @entity230 quickly; with an acceptable @entity137 . @entity500 may be used to control @entity134 -dependant or resistant diseases, but @entity137 appears to be higher. An open prospective study compared @entity500 and @entity1499 and concluded to the superiority of @entity1499 . Available data concerning @entity786 and @entity205 are too incomplete. A satisfactory @entity134 -sparing agent in @entity226 is still unknown. Currently, @entity1499 , and probably @entity500 , appear to be the most useful agents in this indication. However, there is no demonstration that using an immunosuppressive agent in @entity226 could reduce @entity134 -related morbidity.

title: [Immunosuppressive agents in XXXX . Which drug for which indication?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['Horton's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence for using high-dose insulin therapy with supplemental dextrose and @entity972 in @entity460 -channel blocker (CCB) @entity1445 . DATA SOURCES: Evidence of efficacy for high-dose insulin therapy with supplemental dextrose and @entity972 was sought by performing a search of MEDLINE and Toxline between 1966 and July 2004 using combinations of the terms @entity460 -channel blocker, @entity1445 , @entity4968 , antidote, and insulin. Abstracts from the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology for the years 1996-2003 were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Identified articles, including animal studies, case reports, and case series, were evaluated for this review. No clinical trials were available. DATA SYNTHESIS: Animal models of CCB @entity1445 demonstrate that high-dose insulin with supplemental @entity413 and @entity972 was a more effective therapy than @entity460 , glucagon, or @entity2661 . High-dose insulin appears to enhance cardiac @entity1735 metabolism and has direct inotropic effects. Published clinical experience is limited to 13 case reports where insulin was used after other therapies were failing; 12 of these @entity1 survived. High-dose insulin therapy was beneficial for CCB-induced @entity551 , @entity4854 , and @entity520 . @entity1168 and @entity616 resolved in some @entity1 , but persisted in others. CONCLUSIONS: Based on animal data and limited @entity1 experience, as well as the inadequacies of available alternatives for @entity1 with significant @entity4968 , high-dose insulin therapy warrants further study and judicious use in @entity1 with life-threatening CCB @entity4968 .

title: High-dose insulin therapy for @entity460 -channel blocker XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['overdose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Placental @entity311 is typified by selective clustering of @entity3964 in the intervillous blood spaces of the placenta. Sequestration of @entity311 parasite in the @entity1 placenta is mediated by interactions between chondroitin @entity597 A (CSA) on the syncytiotrophoblasts and proteins expressed on the surface of infected @entity1 erythrocytes. @entity3964 Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) encoded by the var2CSA gene is believed to be the main parasite ligand for CSA-mediated placental binding. METHODS: Extensive sequence and structure comparisons of the various CSA-binding and non-binding DBL domains from the var2CSA gene from A4 and 3D7 strains of @entity3964 were performed. Three-dimensional structural models of various DBL domains were built and analysed with a view to assessing conservation of CSA interaction sites across various DBL domains. RESULTS: Each of the six DBL domains from var2CSA are likely to retain the @entity1520 linkages evident from previously published DBL domain crystal structures. The number of @entity1520 linkages between the various DBL domains analysed varies from three to seven, of which two are conserved across all DBL domains. The conserved @entity1520 linkages are distributed within the respective three sub-domains and only one linkage is shared by sub-domains I and II. Major differences between CSA-binding DBL domains are in the loop regions, which tie the alpha helices together, and in variable length terminal extensions. Intriguingly, a crucial loop from A4 DBL 3X which provides the important @entity4022 and Lys residues that chelate the bound @entity597 is missing or significantly altered in all other DBL domains that interact with CSA. Further analysis of the proposed @entity597 and predicted CSA-binding site indicates either none or very low level of conservation among the critical interacting residues. CONCLUSION: Structural comparisons of the three-dimensional structures of CSA-binding DBL domains indicates that the proposed CSA interaction site on A4 DBL 3X is unlikely to be conserved across the other CSA-binding DBL domains from var2CSA. Therefore, the 4 CSA-binding DBL domains encoded by var2CSA are unlikely to have common architectures to their CSA recognition sites. These structural insights have clear implications in using CSA-binding DBL domains for vaccines against placental @entity311 as it is proposed that the various CSA-binding DBL domains on var2CSA will recognize their CSA ligands differently.

title: Structural insights into chondroitin @entity597 A binding Duffy-binding-like domains from XXXX : implications for intervention strategies against placental @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5425 is rare and often associated with previous @entity0 treatment. The present study aimed to define long-term outcomes in relation to common prognostic factors. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor was also evaluated, as it may be a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed outcomes in relation to age, association with previous breast-conserving treatment for @entity0 , @entity5 size, and grade in 19 @entity1 without @entity3 at diagnosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor was also assessed. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 33 months (range, 1-121). There were 6 local recurrences and 6 deaths for disease progression. Five-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 53% (95% CI, 20-86%) and 49% (95% CI, 14-84%), respectively. No factor significantly affected survival. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor was positive in 50% of cases and was more frequent in better differentiated @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The association of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor with G1/G2 @entity5 requires further investigations. Our findings suggest that anti-angiogenic treatment in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-positive cases be considered as a novel therapeutic modality in this rare and aggressive disease. Although information is still incomplete, we propose a multimodal therapeutic approach including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

title: XXXX and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5425 :: ('MESH:C536368', 'Disease') :: ['Breast angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5425 :: (MESH:C536368,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma of the breast']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the regulation of basal pulsatile LH release by ovarian @entity53 (E2) and @entity1420 (P) during the interval between the mornings of proestrus and estrus in the @entity35 estrous cycle. Pulsatile LH release was studied in six groups of @entity35 bled continuously through jugular venous cannulae between 0930-1230 h at a rate of 50 microliter whole blood/5 min: 1) bled on proestrus; 2) sham ovariectomy (OVX) at 0900-1000 h on proestrus and bled on estrus; 3-6) OVX at 0900-1000 h on proestrus, implanted with either empty or E2-, P-, or E2- plus P-containing Silastic capsules, and bled 24 h after OVX. In our colony, plasma E2 levels peaked at 1300 h, remained high through 1730 h, and then declined. Plasma P values increased between 1300 and 1730 h, peaked at 2000 h, and were rapidly declining by 2400 h. To reproduce the magnitude as well as the temporal pattern for these changes in plasma @entity4492 levels, E2 capsules were inserted at the time of OVX on proestrus and removed at 1830 h. P capsules were inserted at 1400 h and removed at 2300 h. Groups of ovariectomized or sham-ovariectomized control animals had empty capsules implanted and removed at comparable times. Capsules producing basal @entity4492 levels were not inserted after the removal of the original implant, since mean blood LH levels, pulse amplitude, and frequency were the same in @entity35 sham ovariectomized or ovariectomized at 1830 h on proestrus and bled the next morning between 0930-1230 h. Mean blood LH levels decreased between the mornings of proestrus and estrus due to a reduction in LH pulse frequency as pulse amplitude remained stable. OVX at 0900-1000 h on proestrus increased mean blood LH levels 2.5-fold compared to values on estrus due to increases in both LH pulse frequency and amplitude. Restoration of physiological proestrous levels of only E2 returned LH pulse frequency to estrous values, but did not significantly affect LH pulse amplitude. P alone also had no significant effect on LH pulse amplitude, but slightly reduced pulse frequency, although, unlike E2, not to values seen on estrus. Replacing both @entity4492 returned LH pulse amplitude to estrous levels and reduced LH pulse frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Ovarian steroid regulation of basal pulsatile luteinizing hormone release between the mornings of proestrus and estrus in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Both clinical and laboratory studies have shown that the chemotherapy drug, @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), has adverse short-term effects on bone. There are no studies that demonstrate the long-term response of bone to @entity1500 . The purpose of this study was to determine the short- and long-term effects of @entity1500 on bone volume, turnover, mineralization and strength. Three-month-old @entity35 were randomly assigned to a control (CTL) or @entity1500 group and were given either daily @entity1500 or saline injections for two separate 5-day courses (5 on/9 off/5 on). Fluorochrome compounds were injected prior to killing to label actively mineralizing bone surfaces. One CTL and @entity1500 group were killed at 30, 80 and 170 days after treatment. Both femurs and tibiae were harvested for cancellous and cortical bone histomorphometry and biomechanical testing (torsion). Standard cancellous and cortical histomorphometric parameters were measured from undecalcified, @entity3677 -embedded sections from the right proximal @entity2091 and tibial and femoral diaphyses. The contralateral femur and @entity2091 were torsionally loaded to failure and standard mechanical parameters were measured. All bone responses were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple comparison procedure (significance: p = 0.05). Cancellous bone volume was significantly lower in the @entity1500 -treated group at 80 and 170 days. Cancellous mineralizing surface and longitudinal bone growth were significantly depressed at all time points yet mineral apposition rate was only depressed at the 170-day point. Cancellous osteoclast surface was increased at all time points for the @entity1500 -treated animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The short- and long-term effects of @entity1499 on the XXXX skeleton.

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 to the thyroid are revealed at autopsy with a frequency of 2-24%; however, clinically they appear less frequently, at 0.1-3%. The aim of the study was analysis of the frequency of revealing @entity3 to the thyroid (TM) and to the regional lymph nodes ( @entity9979 ) ( @entity5 other than primary @entity5 ) in preoperative diagnostics of the thyroid in @entity1 with positive (C+) and negative (C-) history of @entity5 ; analysis of ultrasound (US) images of @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Results of US/fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid in 1276 C+ @entity1 and 18,947 C- @entity1 . RESULTS: TM and @entity9979 were diagnosed/suspected in 57 @entity1 (0.3% of all examined; 40 TM, 22 @entity9979 , 5 both), and their frequency was higher in the C+ group (2.9% vs. 0.1% in C-, p < 0.0001). In the C+ group, diagnosis of @entity3 accounted for 72.3% of FNA results from the category " @entity5 "; in the C- group it was 9.5% (p < 0.0001). The highest relative frequency of TM was found for @entity5 infiltrating thyroid by direct extension (> 10%), @entity706 (7.7%), and kidney (5.3%) and lung (4.9%) @entity5 . The mean age of @entity1 with @entity3 (63.9    11.7 years) was similar to that of the C+ group and higher than the C- group (53.9    14.8 years, p < 0.0001). The proportion of males among the @entity1 with @entity3 was three-fold higher than in the @entity1 without @entity3 (p < 0.0001). TM lesions presented suspicious borders in US twice as often as primary @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 to the thyroid are rare; however, for @entity1 with a history of @entity5 , their presence is more likely than primary @entity259 . US/FNA imaging of @entity3 allows the selection of @entity1 requiring further diagnostics and treatment. (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (6): 495-503).

title: XXXX revealed during fine needle aspiration of the thyroid - analysis of prevalence and characteristics of ultrasound image.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumours', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'neoplasms', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Secondary tumours']


abstract: 1. We performed a chronobiological study of the relationship between peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and magnitude of dyspnoea in 35 symptomatic @entity748 @entity1 to determine how accurately @entity748 subjects assess spontaneous @entity1224 and whether this accuracy varies throughout the 24 h period and depends on characteristics of the subjects or @entity565 . 2. At 07.00, 11.00, 15.00, 19.00 and 23.00 hours on 8 consecutive days in their ordinary environment and under their usual drug regimen, the subjects first rated their dyspnoea with a visual analogue scale and immediately after recorded their PEFR. 3. The linear regression coefficients between dyspnoea score and PEFR for the 35 subjects were continuously distributed between -0.93 and +0.21, with most r values ranging from -0.9 to -0.5. The group median r values calculated at each time point showed that strongest correlation between dyspnoea score and PEFR occurred at 7 h. which coincided with the lowest PEFR values. 4. We chose r = -0.7 (r2 = 0.5) as a limit to distinguish good perceivers (-1 less than r less than or equal to -0.7) from bad perceivers of @entity1224 . These two populations differed only by a higher variability of both PEFR and dyspnoea score in good than in bad perceivers, but not for severity, duration or treatment of @entity565 , absolute value of dyspnoea score, age or sex. 5. Our study quantified an important intra- and between-subject variability in the accuracy of perception of spontaneous @entity1224 in @entity748 subjects which seems to be unrelated to most characteristics of @entity565 .

title: Chronobiological study of the relationship between dyspnoea and @entity1224 in symptomatic XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7561 Background: Standard CT is toxic and yields unsatisfactory results in advanced @entity1149 . The aim of this trial was to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of BE first-line combination, followed by CT at @entity1726 . METHODS: Eligibility criteria included non-squamous @entity1149 stage IIIB-IV, WHO PS 0-1, no brain metastases. B 15 mg/kg i.v. day 1 of each 21-day cycle and E 150 mg p.o. daily were given until @entity1726 or unacceptable @entity137 , followed by CT with @entity136 1250 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1 and 8 and either @entity900 80 mg/m(2) or @entity3003 AUC 5 i.v. on day 1 (every 3 weeks) for a maximum of 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was disease stabilization rate (DSR) after 12 weeks of BE. Secondary endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), response rate, @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), DSR at 6 and 18 weeks, safety, quality of life, response to subsequent CT, molecular pathology (mutations), allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mutations ( @entity5 , serum), serum proteomics and other translational analyses. RESULTS: 103 @entity1 (pts) were enrolled, 101 were evaluable. Under BE, DSR at week 12 was 54.5% (95% CI: 44.2-64.4%). 73 pts had at least SD (72.3%), including 1 CR (1.0%) and 17 PR (16.8%). No unexpected @entity137 were observed. Median @entity1054 under BE was 4.1 months (mo). 62 (61.4%) pts started CT; 35 received at least 4 cycles. Six PR and 32 SD were observed. At a median follow-up of 36 mo, median @entity1349 was 14 mo (95% CI: 10.7-19.0 mo). Twelve pts had an activated @entity470 mutation in exons 19 or 21; their exclusion did not change overall @entity1054 or @entity1349 , and DSR at week 12 remained 50.6%. Thirteen pts had @entity984 mutation. Allele-specific PCR detected @entity470 mutations in serum of > 50% of pts with @entity5 mutations. PCR also detected identical @entity470 mutations in 66% of @entity5 tested by sequencing method. CONCLUSIONS: The BE regimen followed by CT at @entity1726 is feasible in advanced non-squamous @entity1149 with @entity137 and promising activity. @entity1349 is similar to the observed @entity1349 using up-front standard CT regimens.

title: Bevacizumab (B) and erlotinib (E) as first-line therapy in metastatic nonsquamous @entity1149 ( XXXX ) followed by platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) at disease progression ( @entity1726 ): A multicenter phase II trial, SAKK 19/05.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'low toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To evaluate growth kinetics of asymptomatic small (<2 cm) incidental @entity45 and to assess potential implications of these in the context of current American College of Radiology recommendations. Materials and Methods This institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant retrospective study with waiver of informed consent included @entity1 with asymptomatic small incidental @entity45 (diameter, 5-20 mm) with two or more magnetic resonance (MR) examinations performed at least 6 months apart at a tertiary institution. The largest cyst dimension was measured on T2-weighted single-shot fast spin-echo images by one of six radiologists (1-3 years of experience) who were trained to measure @entity45 in a similar manner. All analysis was conducted at the @entity1 level by choosing the cyst that exhibited the greatest growth over the follow-up period in each @entity1 . Fisher exact,   (2), and Kruskal-Wallis tests and analysis of variance were used to test correlation between cyst characteristics and growth. Results A total of 259 @entity1 (mean age, 65 years    11 [standard deviation], male-to-female ratio, 42:58) with 370 asymptomatic small incidental @entity45 were included. At presentation, median cyst size was 9.4 mm (interquartile range [IQR], 7.0-12.2 mm), and 64 @entity1 (25%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 20, 30) had septations. The median imaging follow-up period was 2.2 years (IQR, 1.2-3.9 years; range, 0.5-11.0 years), with a median of three MR examinations (IQR, two to four examinations) per @entity1 . In 171 (66%; 95% CI: 60, 72) of the 259 @entity1 , cysts remained stable; in 18 (7%; 95% CI: 4, 11), cysts shrank; and in 70 (27%; 95% CI: 22, 33), cysts grew (median total growth and median annual growth of 4.8 mm and 2.3 mm/y, respectively). Age, cyst size, and cyst septation at presentation were not predictive of growth. Overall, 29 (11%), 16 (6%), and four (1.5%) of the cysts increased in size after 1, 2, and 3 years of initial stability, respectively. Of the 18 @entity1 who underwent pancreatic surgery, only one @entity1 with an @entity4929 had high-grade @entity1141 . One @entity1 developed @entity788 remotely at the location of the @entity45 diagnosed 11 months prior. Conclusion In the majority of @entity1 , asymptomatic small incidental @entity45 remained stable during a median follow-up period of 2.2 years; however, in 27% of @entity1 , cysts increased in size over time, with 11% growing after an initial 1-year period of stability. Current American College of Radiology recommendations to discontinue imaging follow-up after 1 year of stability may need to be reevaluated. (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: Delayed XXXX : Are the Current American College of Radiology Recommendations for Follow-up Appropriate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts', 'pancreatic cyst']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['Growth in Incidental Pancreatic Cysts']


abstract: Chemical carcinogens may cause a multitude of effects inside cells, thereby affecting transcript levels of genes by direct activation of transcription factors (TF) or indirectly through the formation of DNA damage. As the temporal profiles of these responses may be profoundly different, examining time-dependent changes may provide new insights in TF networks related to cellular responses to chemical carcinogens. Therefore, we investigated in @entity1 @entity157 cells gene expression changes caused by @entity3014 at 12 time points after exposure, in relation to DNA adduct and cell cycle. Temporal profiles for functional gene sets demonstrate both early and late effects in up- and downregulation of relevant gene sets involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, and metabolism of @entity1522 and lipids. Many significant transcription regulation networks appeared to be around TF that are proto-oncogenes or @entity5 suppressor genes. The time series analysis tool Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) was used to identify time-dependent correlation of pathways, gene sets, TF networks, and biological parameters. Most correlations are with DNA adduct levels, which is an early response, and less with the later responses on G1 and S phase cells. The majority of the modulated genes in the Reactome pathways can be regulated by several of these TF, e.g., 73% by nuclear factor-kappa B and 34-42% by @entity517 , @entity2855 , @entity11346 , and @entity16262 . All these TF can also regulate one or more of the others. Our data indicate that a complex network of a few TF is responsible for the majority of the transcriptional changes induced by @entity3015 . This network hardly changes over time, despite that the transcriptional profiles clearly alter, suggesting that also other regulatory mechanisms are involved.

title: Time series analysis of XXXX -induced transcriptome changes suggests that a network of transcription factors regulates the effects on functional gene sets.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo[A]pyrene']


abstract: Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adult bone marrow has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for post-infarction @entity1002 . However, age-related functional decline of stem cells has restricted their clinical benefits after transplantation into the infarcted @entity1562 . The limitations imposed on @entity1 cells could be addressed by genetic modification of stem cells. This study was designed to improve our understanding of genetic modification of @entity1 bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by @entity12279 ( @entity8681 , branched with Mw 25 kD), one of non-viral vectors that show promise in stem cell genetic modification, in the context of cardiac regeneration for @entity1 . We optimized the @entity8681 -mediated reporter gene transfection into hMSCs, evaluated whether transfection efficiency is associated with gender or age of the cell donors, analysed the influence of cell cycle on transfection and investigated the transfer of therapeutic @entity7 gene ( @entity7 ). hMSCs were isolated from @entity1 with @entity65 aged from 41 to 85 years. Optimization of gene delivery to hMSCs was carried out based on the particle size of the @entity8681 /DNA complexes, N/P ratio of complexes, DNA dosage and cell viability. The highest efficiency with the cell viability near 60% was achieved at N/P ratio 2 and 6.0  g DNA/cm(2) . The average transfection efficiency for all tested samples, middle-age group (<65 years), old-age group (>65 years), female group and male group was 4.32%, 3.85%, 4.52%, 4.14% and 4.38%, respectively. The transfection efficiency did not show any correlation either with the age or the gender of the donors. Statistically, there were two subpopulations in the donors; and transfection efficiency in each subpopulation was linearly related to the cell percentage in S phase. No significant phenotypic differences were observed between these two subpopulations. Furthermore, @entity8681 -mediated therapeutic gene @entity7 transfer could significantly enhance the expression level.

title: @entity12279 -mediated gene delivery into @entity1 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylenimine']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The present study evaluated the @entity281 in Amblyomma parvum ticks collected in Northwestern C  rdoba Province, Argentina. Each tick was subjected to DNA extraction and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting fragments of the rickettsial genes gltA and ompB. Nine (69.2%) out of 13 adult ticks yielded expected PCR products for the two rickettsial genes. Products from the ompB PCR were sequenced, generating DNA sequences 100% identical for the nine PCR-positive ticks. Three of these ticks were tested in another battery of PCR targeting fragments of the rickettsial genes gltA, @entity13588 , and ompA. Products from the gltA, @entity13588 , and ompA PCRs were sequenced generating DNA sequences 100% identical for the three PCR-positive ticks. The rickettsia detected in the A. parvum ticks was designated as Rickettsia sp. strain Argentina. Phylogenetic analyses performed with partial sequences of the rickettsial genes gltA, @entity13588 , ompB, and ompA showed that Rickettsia sp. strain Argentina belonged to the spotted @entity221 group, being distinct from all known Rickettsia species and genotypes available in GenBank, representing possibly a new Rickettsia species. This was the first evidence of @entity281 in the tick A. parvum, and the third report of @entity281 among the Argentinean tick fauna. The role of Rickettsia sp. strain Argentina as a @entity1 pathogen is unknown. Further studies are needed to obtain tissue-cultured isolates of Rickettsia sp. strain Argentina, in order to better characterize it and to determine its taxonomic status as a new species.

title: Detection of a novel spotted XXXX group rickettsia in Amblyomma parvum ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Argentina.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rickettsial infection']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESES: Type I (insulin-dependent) @entity6 results from T-cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Among the beta-cell autoantigens that have been implicated in triggering of beta-cell-specific autoimmunity, @entity367 decarboxylase ( @entity9372 ) is a strong candidate in both @entity1 and the NOD @entity19 . We aimed to determine whether treatment with a recombinant @entity6621 expressing @entity9372 (rVV- @entity16707 ) could prevent the development of @entity6 in NOD @entity19 . METHODS: Three-eight-to-nine-week-old female NOD @entity19 were injected with various doses of rVV- @entity16707 or rVV-MJ601as a control. We then examined the incidence of @entity6 , T-cell proliferative response to @entity9372 , amounts of anti- @entity9372 IgGs, cytokine production and generation of regulatory cell populations. RESULTS: Administration of rVV- @entity16707 to NOD @entity19 prevented @entity6 in an age-dependent and dose-dependent manner. @entity1619 cells from rVV- @entity16707 -treated @entity19 did not proliferate in response to @entity16707 . The amount of @entity9686 was increased, whereas @entity9749 amounts did not change in rVV- @entity16707 -treated NOD @entity19 . The production of @entity58 increased, whereas the production of @entity60 decreased in rVV- @entity16707 -treated @entity19 after stimulation with @entity9372 . Furthermore, splenocytes from rVV- @entity16707 -treated NOD @entity19 prevented the transfer of @entity6 by splenocytes from acutely diabetic NOD @entity19 in NOD. scid recipients. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Immunogene therapy using a recombinant @entity6621 expressing @entity9372 results in the prevention of @entity12011 in NOD @entity19 by the induction of immunological tolerance through active suppression of effector T cells, and this treatment might have therapeutic value for the prevention of @entity1723 .

title: Prevention of XXXX by immunogene therapy using recombinant @entity6621 expressing @entity367 decarboxylase.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity12011 :: ('MESH:C565730', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity12011 :: (MESH:C565730,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dealing with incomplete lung fissures during thoracoscopic surgery is difficult. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a thoracoscopic anterior 'fissure first' technique for dealing with @entity358 . METHODS: One hundred and seventy @entity1 underwent @entity1002 or left lower lobectomy between April 2008 and July 2014. Of these, 34 @entity1 underwent surgery using a thoracoscopic anterior 'fissure first' technique for incomplete fissures (group A) and 136 underwent surgery using a conventional thoracoscopic method for unfused fissures (group B). A four-port complete thoracoscopic approach was used in all @entity1 . After completion of the fissure, hilar lymphadenectomy was performed in the conventional manner. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in operating time, @entity190 , or duration of chest tube drainage. @entity1 in group A required more staple cartridges than those in group B (mean number of cartridges, 2.4 vs. 1.1; P<0.01). The two groups did not significantly differ with regard to the prevalence of air leaks (12% vs. 4%; P=0.11), either prolonged or delayed. CONCLUSIONS: We found that a thoracoscopic anterior 'fissure first' technique for @entity2 with an incomplete fissure enabled hilar lymphadenectomy to be performed in the conventional manner without any increase in the prevalence of air leaks, operating time, or duration of chest tube drainage. This technique should be considered for use in @entity1002 or left lower lobectomy in @entity1 with an incomplete fissure.

title: Thoracoscopic anterior 'fissure first' technique for XXXX with an incomplete fissure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['left lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete left lung fissures']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left upper lobectomy']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['left lung cancer']


abstract: Maintenance of ear projection and post auricular sulcus in staged ear reconstruction in @entity9407 is a trying problem. So also is the maintenance of the patency of the external auditory meatus following recanalization and meatoplasty. Numerous splints and dressing techniques have been described for the above situations. Some of the problems encountered include the availability of the materials, cost, expertise in fabrication and compliance. AIMS: To devise a simple, reliable, inexpensive and readily available splint for the maintenance of post auricular sulcus and external auditory meatus opening. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A @entity1346 catheter is made out of a soft and inert material that doesn't cause tissue @entity39 or any loss of skin graft. The basic design is that of a simple, self-retaining type of splint that doesn't dislodge and can be prepared within minutes on the operating table. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This splint has been used in four cases of @entity9407 reconstruction and one case of congenital external auditory meatus stenosis between June 2006 and August 2007. A 14 or 16 Fr @entity1346 Foley's catheter was used. The proximal end of a catheter of required length was retained and the distal part was cut off. The catheter was looped into a circle around the base of the reconstructed ear and secured in position with a suture. A similar construct was used in cases of external auditory meatus reconstruction or recanalization. The funnel-shaped distal drainage end was sutured to the circular frame near the region of the tragus. This funnel was inserted into the external auditory canal. RESULTS: The catheter was found to sit snugly in the newly created sulcus, thereby maintaining the sulcus and ear projection. It aided in maintaining the meatal opening of a satisfactory diameter in the case of external auditory canal recanalization. It was never found to slip or get dislodged in any of the cases. There was no skin graft loss or tissue @entity39 due to the use of the splint. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1346 Foley's catheter is found to be a simple, readily available, inexpensive and reliable self-retaining splint following ear elevation in @entity9407 and external auditory meatus recanalization. The catheter is easily constructed and applied intraoperatively. The results following its usage have been uniformly good in all cases without causing any adverse events at the operated site or discomfort to the @entity1 ensuring good compliance.

title: XXXX Foley's catheter: A useful splint in ear surgeries.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['Silicone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the one of the most common @entity5 with considerable metastatic potential, explaining the need for new drug candidates that inhibit @entity5 @entity3 . The signal transducers and activators of the transcription 3 ( @entity4104 ) signaling pathway has an important role in @entity14 and has been validated as a promising anticancer target for @entity14 therapy. In the present study, we report our findings on @entity17206 , an antidiarrheal agent identified as an inhibitor of @entity4104 . Our studies showed that @entity17206 decreased the viability of three @entity14 cell lines and induced apoptosis of @entity5 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, western blot analysis demonstrated that the occurrence of its apoptosis was correlated with the activation of @entity589 and cleaved caspase-3, and decreased the expression of @entity588 . In addition, @entity17206 markedly impaired @entity14 cell migration and invasion by downregulating phosphorylated- @entity4104 (Tyr705), and also impaired the expression of matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity1476 and @entity1495 ). Furthermore, our studies showed that @entity17206 also significantly inhibited the @entity5 @entity3 in lung and abdomen @entity3 models of @entity694 . Meanwhile, @entity17206 functionally reduced the proliferation index, induced @entity5 apoptosis and impaired @entity3 . Notably, @entity17206 reduced the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the blood, spleens and @entity5 , accompanied by the increased infiltration of @entity405 (+) T cells in the @entity5 . Importantly, a marked decrease in the number of M2-type macrophages in @entity5 in the abdomen @entity3 model was also observed. Taken together, our results indicated that @entity17206 could effectively inhibit @entity5 @entity3 by mediating @entity4104 pathway and it might have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of @entity14 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4104 signaling pathway by @entity17206 improves antitumor immunity and impairs XXXX @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal carcinoma', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity17206 :: ('MESH:C013150', 'Chemical') :: ['nifuroxazide']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in @entity1 and is characterized by reduced aerobic cerebral energy metabolism early after injury, possibly due to impaired activity of the @entity2388 dehydrogenase complex. Exogenous @entity4162 (ALCAR) is metabolized in the brain to @entity6625 and subsequently enters the @entity6626 cycle. ALCAR administration is neuroprotective in animal models of @entity2806 and @entity1566 , but has not been tested for @entity131 . This study tested the hypothesis that treatment with ALCAR during the first 24 h following @entity131 in immature @entity35 improves neurologic outcome and reduces cortical lesion volume. Postnatal day 21-22 male @entity35 were @entity5161 anesthetized and used in a controlled cortical impact model of @entity131 to the left parietal cortex. At 1, 4, 12 and 23 h after injury, @entity35 received ALCAR (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or drug vehicle (normal saline). On days 3-7 after surgery, behavior was assessed using beam walking and novel object recognition tests. On day 7, @entity35 were transcardially perfused and brains were harvested for histological assessment of cortical lesion volume, using stereology. Injured animals displayed a significant increase in foot slips compared to sham-operated @entity35 (6    1 SEM vs. 2    0.2 on day 3 after @entity130 ; n = 7; p < 0.05). The ALCAR-treated @entity35 were not different from shams and had fewer foot slips compared to vehicle-treated animals (2    0.4; n = 7; p< 0.05). The frequency of investigating a novel object for saline-treated @entity131 animals was reduced compared to shams (45    5% vs. 65    10%; n = 7; p < 0.05), whereas the frequency of investigation for @entity131 @entity35 treated with ALCAR was not significantly different from that of shams but significantly higher than that of saline-treated @entity131 @entity35 (68    7; p < 0.05). The left parietal cortical lesion volume, expressed as a percentage of the volume of tissue in the right hemisphere, was significantly smaller in ALCAR-treated than in vehicle-treated @entity131 @entity35 (14    5% vs. 28    6%; p < 0.05). We conclude that treatment with ALCAR during the first 24 h after @entity131 improves behavioral outcomes and reduces @entity75 volume in immature @entity35 within the first 7 days after injury.

title: Neuroprotection by @entity4162 after XXXX to the immature @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity4162 :: ('MESH:D000108', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic injury']


abstract: Background: @entity0 is one of the most common @entity5 and a major public health problem in developing countries. However, early detection and treatment may be achieved by @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Despite the importance of @entity0 in reducing the incidence of @entity0 and esultant deaths, the disease continues to be the most common cause of @entity5 among @entity1 in Iran.This study aimed to determine the effects of self-care education on performance of @entity0 among @entity1 referring to health centers in our country. Materials and Methods: This quasiexperimental interventional study with pretest/posttest control group design was conducted on 168 @entity1 referred to health centers. The data were collected using a validated researcher-made questionnaire including demographic variables and trans-theoretical model constructs as well as a checklist assessing @entity0 . The instruments were administered to groups with and without self-care education before, a week after, and 10 weeks after the intervention. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (version 19) and analyzed using independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Chi-square, and Friedman tests (p<0.05). Results: The results showed an increase in the intervention group   s mean scores of trans-theoretical model constructs (stages of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change) and @entity0 compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study confirmed the effectiveness of aneducational intervention based ona trans-theoretical model in performing @entity0 . Therefore, designing educational interventions based on this model is recommended to improve @entity1   s health and reduce deaths due to @entity0 .

title: Self-Care Education Programs Based on a Trans-Theoretical Model in XXXX Referring to Health Centers: Breast Self-Examination Behavior in Iran

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast self-examination', 'Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'BSE', 'BSE behavior']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant share of the cost of @entity5 care is concentrated in the end-of-life period. Although quality measures of aggressive treatment may guide optimal care during this timeframe, little is known about whether these metrics affect costs of care. METHODS: This study used population data to identify a cohort of @entity1 who died of @entity5 in Ontario, Canada (2005-2009). Individuals were categorized as having received or having not received aggressive end-of-life care according to quality measures related to acute institutional care or chemotherapy administration in the end-of-life period. Costs (2009 Canadian dollars) were collected over the last month of life through the linkage of health system administrative databases. Multivariate quantile regression was used to identify predictors of increased costs. RESULTS: Among 107,253 @entity1 , the mean per- @entity1 cost over the final month was  18,131 for @entity1 receiving aggressive care and  12,678 for @entity1 receiving nonaggressive care (P   <   .0001). @entity1 who received chemotherapy in the last 2 weeks of life also sustained higher costs than those who did not (P   <   .0001). For individuals receiving end-of-life care in the highest cost quintile, early and repeated palliative care consultation was associated with reduced mean per- @entity1 costs. In a multivariate analysis, chemotherapy in the 2 weeks of life remained predictive of increased costs (median increase,  536; P   <   .0001), whereas access to palliation remained predictive for lower costs (median decrease,  418; P   <   .0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 @entity1 who receive aggressive end-of-life care incur 43% higher costs than those managed nonaggressively. Palliative consultation may partially offset these costs and offer resultant savings. @entity5 2015;121:3307-3315.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Impact of aggressive management and palliative care on XXXX costs in the final month of life.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5632 and @entity844 -binding protein (FABP) each are useful as early biochemical markers of @entity121 . We studied whether the ratio of @entity5632 over FABP in plasma can be used to distinguish myocardial from skeletal @entity121 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity5632 and FABP were assayed immunochemically in tissue samples of @entity1 heart and skeletal muscle and in serial plasma samples from 22 @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ), from 9 @entity1 undergoing aortic surgery (causing @entity121 ), and from 10 @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. In @entity1 heart tissue, the @entity5632 /FABP ratio was 4.5 and in skeletal muscles varied from 21 to 73. After @entity583 , the plasma concentrations of both proteins were elevated between approximately 1 and 15 to 20 hours after the onset of symptoms. In this period, the @entity5632 /FABP ratio was constant both in subgroups of @entity1 receiving and those not receiving thrombolytics and amounted to 5.3 +/- 1.2 (SD). In serum from aortic surgery @entity1 , both proteins were elevated between 6 and 24 hours after surgery; the @entity5632 /FABP ratio was 45 +/- 22 (SD), which is significantly different from plasma values in @entity583 @entity1 (P < .001). In @entity1 with cardiac surgery, the ratio increased from 11.3 +/- 4.7 to 32.1 +/- 13.6 (SD) during 24 hours after surgery, indicating more rapid release of protein from injured myocardium than from skeletal muscles. CONCLUSIONS: The ratio of the concentrations of @entity5632 over FABP in plasma from @entity1 with @entity121 reflects the ratio found in the affected tissue. Since this ratio is different between heart (4.5) and skeletal muscle (20 to 70), its assessment in plasma allows the discrimination between myocardial and skeletal @entity121 in @entity1 .

title: Discrimination between myocardial and skeletal XXXX by assessment of the plasma ratio of @entity5632 over @entity844 -binding protein.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity5632 :: ('4151', 'Gene') :: ['Myoglobin', 'myoglobin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury', 'injury of skeletal muscles']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical, radiographic, and morphologic findings in patients with IgG4-positive cells present on orbital biopsy specimens. DESIGN: Retrospective review (from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2006) of @entity1 with orbital biopsy specimens that excluded @entity706 ; comparison of @entity1 with and without IgG4-positive cells on immunostaining. RESULTS: Of 21 @entity1 , 11 had increased IgG4-positive cells (defined as >10 cells on biopsy). Symptoms included eyelid or periocular swelling (8 @entity1 ) or proptosis (3 @entity1 ), with bilateral involvement in 6 @entity1 . Computed tomographic imaging displayed lacrimal gland mass in 10 @entity1 ; 6 @entity1 had lesions in other organs. Two @entity1 had increased serum IgG4 levels. In 10 patients without IgG4-positive cells ( <=10 cells on biopsy), 6 had proptosis, 1 had eyelid swelling, 2 had eyelid mass, and 1 had @entity892 , all unilateral. None had systemic symptoms. Patients with IgG4-positive cells had longer symptom duration, and their biopsy specimens showed more background @entity82 , @entity706 , plasma cells, and eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical appearance, high incidence of @entity66 , association with lesions in other organs, and increased IgG4 serum levels in some @entity1 -with an increased number of IgG4-positive cells in the biopsy specimen, which shows more background @entity82 , @entity706 , plasma cells, and eosinophils-indicate that these @entity1 have an orbital manifestation of IgG4-associated @entity262 .

title: Orbital inflammation with IgG4-positive plasma cells: manifestation of IgG4 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['systemic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity548 and resuscitation ( @entity8682 /R) can induce @entity881 which is associated with high mortality. The lung is an organ commonly affected by the @entity8682 /R. @entity647 is a major cause of dysfunction in other organ systems. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that @entity8682 /R causes increased gut permeability which results in induction of @entity8919 protein ( @entity8919 ) and further leads to the development of @entity55 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A @entity19 model of @entity8682 /R was employed in this study. Gut permeability and bacterial translocation were assessed with circulating FD4 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Circulating @entity8919 was determined with ELISA. @entity55 ( @entity55 ) was determined with lung @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity and pulmonary protein leakage. RESULTS: @entity8682 /R induced @entity1944 as evidenced by increased circulating FD4 and LPS at 30  min and 2  hrs after resuscitation, respectively. In addition, circulating @entity8919 levels were increased in @entity19 with @entity8682 /R as compared with sham animals (p   <   0.05). @entity8682 /R resulted in @entity55 (increased lung @entity10873 activity and pulmonary protein leakage in @entity19 with @entity8682 /R compared with sham @entity19 , p   <   0.05). Inhibition of @entity8919 (A-box and @entity1990 (-/-)) attenuated the @entity55 in @entity19 with @entity8682 /R. However, inhibition of @entity8919 did not show protective effect on gut injury in early phase of @entity8682 /R in @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that induction of @entity8919 is important in @entity548 and resuscitation-induced @entity55 .

title: Induction of @entity55 in @entity19 with XXXX and resuscitation: role of @entity8919 .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal barrier dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['ALI', 'Acute lung inflammation', 'acute lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lung injury']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: We evaluated a chronic @entity8 in 37 cardiac transplant recipients treated for 12 to 24 months with @entity205 ( @entity870 ). Twenty-four cardiac transplant recipients treated with @entity500 for more than 24 months served as controls. Despite equivalent cardiac performance, GFR in those treated with @entity870 was depressed, 47 +/- 3 versus 94 +/- 4 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P less than 0.001). @entity870 therapy was also associated with significant elevation of renal vascular resistance (RVR), @entity644 , arterial @entity101 , and impaired intrarenal conversion of inactive prorenin to active renin. Histopathological changes associated with @entity870 included an obliterative arteriolopathy with deposition of proteinaceous material in necrotic arteriolar walls, and associated @entity16 . A minority of glomeruli exhibited either @entity63 or @entity1463 . Area perimeter analysis revealed enlargement of the remaining glomeruli with significant expansion of the mesangium. Longitudinal examination over a 48 month period (N = 15) during which @entity870 was reduced in dosage or withdrawn revealed persistent hypofiltration, increasingly elevated RVR and heavier @entity644 . Further histopathological deterioration was observed when renal tissue was sampled a second time in six @entity1 , and three members of the experimental group developed @entity454 . We conclude that continuous @entity870 therapy for more than 12 months causes a @entity8638 to renal microvessels that is rarely reversible and potentially progressive.

title: The long-term course of @entity205 -associated chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic collapse']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial damage']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic injury']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: We collected information about mortality in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) in Iceland during the time period 1951-1990. During these 40 years only nine individuals younger than 45 years died of @entity565 (7 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ). The mean population during that time period was 149,921 and the mean @entity565 mortality ratio was 0.15/100,000/year in the age group 0-44 years. The mean mortality ratio in @entity565 was during the time period 1981-1990: 4.7/ 100,000/year for @entity1 and 2.4/100,000/year for @entity1 . Compared to the time period 1951-1960 there was a threefold increase in the total mortality in chronic @entity3617 in 1981-1990 when the mean mortality ratio was 8.7/100,000/year among @entity1 and 7.6/ 100,000/year among @entity1 . There was even a greater increase in mortality in @entity2415 during the 40 years time period and during 1981-1990 the mean mortality ratio was 13.0/100,000/year among @entity1 and 11.5 for @entity1 . There has been a substantial change in age distribution of the Icelandic population during the time period 1951-1990. Examination of standardized mortality ratio (SMR) shows a tenfold increase in SMR among @entity1 in @entity2415 and a threefold increase in mortality in chronic @entity3617 . Among @entity1 the SMR for both @entity565 and chronic @entity3617 varied during the time period but there was almost a threefold increase in SMR for @entity2415 . Thus, there was a relatively greater increase in SMR in @entity1030 among @entity1 than @entity1 .

title: [Trends in XXXX mortality in Iceland 1951-1990.]

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: The aims of the present studies were to investigate sympatho-adrenal mechanisms and adrenergic receptor function in @entity1 with @entity565 and healthy subjects. The @entity1 were characterized with regard to the occurrence of exercise-, @entity112 - or allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in pre-trial tests. All medication was withdrawn during at least one week prior to the trials, in order to eliminate the influence of treatment. The @entity1 were asymptomatic and had basal PEFR greater than 70% of predicted values prior to the trials. Healthy control subjects were matched with regard to sex and age. Alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness were studied with improved in vivo-techniques, where different responses were related to plasma concentrations rather than doses of the agonists administered. Sympatho-adrenal reactivity, as assessed by plasma @entity1063 and @entity1425 responses, to an orthostatic test and exercise was normal in @entity748 subjects. Surprisingly, there was no plasma @entity2661 response to @entity112 - or allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. High plasma levels of @entity1063 and @entity2647 (by i.v. infusion) had little or no influence on bronchial tone, despite marked cardiovascular effects, in @entity1 with exercise-induced @entity565 (EIA) or healthy subjects. Elevation of circulating @entity1063 failed to alter @entity6587 to @entity112 in @entity748 @entity1 . The blood pressure responses to infused @entity1063 and @entity2647 were similar in @entity1 with EIA and healthy subjects, but the ensuing @entity1168 was more pronounced in the EIA- @entity1 indicating an increased baroreceptor sensitivity in these @entity1 . High, but physiological, plasma levels of @entity1425 dilated the airways with regard to end-expiratory flow rates but not Sgaw or PEFR. Furthermore, allergen-induced bronchoconstriction was counteracted by elevation of circulating @entity1425 in @entity1 with @entity56 . These findings indicate that @entity1425 may participate in the regulation of airway tone under physiological conditions. @entity2162 sensitivity was found to be reduced in @entity1 with EIA when assessed by both in vitro and in vivo techniques, while @entity1 with non-exercise induced @entity565 did not differ from controls in this respect. Lymphocytes from EIA- @entity1 had a reduced @entity268 response to @entity3044 . Furthermore, the @entity2263 -mediated increase in plasma @entity268 and the @entity551 in response to i.v. @entity3044 infusions were attenuated in the EIA- @entity1 . These results do not seem to be influenced by previous anti- @entity748 drug treatment or the severity of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Studies of sympatho-adrenal reactivity and adrenoceptor function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['Beta 2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: Septal papillary muscles, similarly to other papillary muscles, are essential elements of the heart valvular system. Damage to their structure may lead to a considerable life risk. Of all the papillary muscles, the septal papillary muscles are characterized by the greatest topographical and morphological variability. However, information about these muscles is scarce and fragmentary. The objective of this study was to ascertain their occurrence and the region in which they are placed in the inter-ventricular septum. One hundred and eleven @entity1 hearts were examined. The hearts belonged to the Clinical Anatomy Department of the Medical University of @entity235  sk. They were fixed in @entity406 with @entity1068 and came from middle-aged and older individuals of both sexes, devoid of pathological changes and @entity600 . During the tests, classic anatomical methods were applied. The region where the papillary muscles are found covers a sizeable surface of the septum, from the conus arteriosus up to the back angle of the right chamber. Depending on their location the following septal papillary muscles (musculi papillares septales, MPS) were singled out: 1) lying on the front wall of the septum (anterior papillares septales), 2) in the central part of the septum (central muscles), and 3) in the posterior section of the septum (posterior papillares septales). A trial to determine the types of MPS was based on this diversity of location. Consequently, five types of MPS were specified: type I: anterior-central (44.1%); type II: anterior (15.3%); type III: anterior-posterior (13.5%); type IV: anterior-central-posterior (24.3%); and type V: uniform (2.75%). This study is an attempt to systematize and standardize the terminology of these structures.

title: Positions of septal papillary muscles in XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Karyotypic detection of chromosomal 16 abnormalities classically associated with AML M4Eo can be difficult. Characterization of the two genes involved in the inv(16)(p13q22), @entity17793 and @entity5400 , has allowed the detection of fusion transcripts by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We have analyzed @entity17793 - @entity5400 fusion transcripts by RT-PCR in @entity12188 , with or without @entity1712 , to determine whether their presence correlates with morphology. Fifty-three cases (11 AML M4Eo; 1 @entity3052 with atypical abnormal eosinophils ( @entity3052 "Eo"); 29 @entity3052 ; 8 AML M5; 3 CMML; and 1 @entity10707 with @entity1712 ) were analyzed. All 11 typical AML M4Eo were @entity17793 - @entity5400 positive. The single case of @entity3052 with distinctive eosinophil abnormalities was negative by karyotype, RT-PCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Three of 29 (10%) @entity3052 without abnormal eosinophils were @entity17793 - @entity5400 positive, 1 of which did not show any apparent chromosome 16 abnormalities by classical metaphase analysis (2 not tested). Both cases tested also showed @entity5400 genomic rearrangement. None of the other @entity1778 were RT-PCR positive. Follow-up of three @entity1 showed residual positivity in apparent complete remission. These data show that @entity17793 - @entity5400 fusion transcripts occur not only in the vast majority of typical AML M4Eo, but also in approximately 10% of @entity3052 without @entity1712 , a much higher incidence than the sporadic reports of chromosome 16 @entity3052 would suggest. Taken together with the detection of @entity17793 - @entity5400 transcripts in the absence of apparent chromosome 16 abnormalities by classical banding techniques, these data show that additional screening by either RT-PCR or FISH should be performed in all @entity3052 , regardless of morphologic features, to allow accurate evaluation of the prognostic importance of this fusion transcript.

title: Detection of the chromosome 16 @entity17793 - @entity5400 fusion transcript in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic abnormalities', 'eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['myelomonocytic leukemias']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in AML M4', 'AML M4']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

answer: @entity12188 :: (MESH:D054429,Disease) :: ['myelomonocytic leukemias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric electrical stimulation to treat morbid @entity28 , using the Transcend @entity356 ( @entity356 ), is being evaluated. We present our preliminary results from the French segment of the worldwide study to evaluate this therapy. METHODS: Institutionally-approved informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . The @entity356 is placed laparoscopically. The system has two implantable components: 1) a lead with two electrodes that is implanted in a gastric lesser curvature muscle tunnel; 2) the lead is connected to an electrical pulse generator positioned subcutaneously on the abdominal wall. Two electrode positions were used; half (6/12, 50%) were "low" near the pes anserinus, and the other 50% "high" nearer the esophagogastric junction. Intraoperative gastroscopy is used to diagnose inadvertent gastric perforation. 12 @entity1 (5 M, 7 F) had the @entity356 implanted between July 2000 and February 2001. Mean age was 40.6 years (31-51). Mean weight was 122.2 kg (93-146), mean BMI was 42.7 kg/m2 (39.1-48.6), and mean excess weight was 60 kg (42-74). Electrical stimulation commenced 1 month after implantation. RESULTS: All devices were successfully placed laparoscopically. There were no deaths or major operative complications. Postoperative course was uneventful in all cases. In 25% (3/12), postoperative lead dislodgement occurred; 2 of the 3 had their leads replaced. By 9 months, mean excess BMI lost was 30 +/- 24% or 16 +/- 12 kg. CONCLUSION: Implanting the @entity356 to treat morbid @entity28 is technically feasible and safe. Lead dislodgement has been simply and satisfactorily corrected. Satisfactory short-term @entity353 has been achieved in a subset of @entity1 . Long-term efficacy must now be determined.

title: Gastric electrical stimulation as therapy of morbid XXXX : preliminary results from the French study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['IGS', 'Implantable Gastric Stimulator']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The effects of oral @entity1855 (V), 400 mg/day, oral @entity1169 (P), 300 mg/day, and placebo were compared in 10 @entity1 admitted to the coronary care unit because of frequent attacks of @entity951 at rest. Testing was done according to a randomized, double-blind, multiple-crossover, placebo-controlled trial, consisting of 8 consecutive 48-hour treatment periods with V or P or placebo. Three @entity1 had @entity5968 , 5 had episodes of both ST-segment elevation and @entity308 and 2 had only ST-segment @entity308 . One @entity1 had no critical coronary stenoses, 1 had 1-vessel disease, 7 had 2-vessel disease and 1 had 3-vessel disease. Electrocardiographic monitoring and tape recording were continued during the 16 days of the trial. A total of 1,602 episodes of transient diagnostic ST shift were recorded during the trial (1,309 episodes of ST-segment elevation, 293 of ST-segment @entity308 ); 43% were painless. Mean blood levels of V and P at the end of the active phases were 161 +/- 89 and 120 +/- 45 ng/ml, respectively. In the group as a whole, the average number of diagnostic @entity63 ST-segment shifts per 24 hours was significantly reduced relative to corresponding placebo periods during V (2.6 +/- 2.4 vs 11.9 +/- 8.6; p less than 0.01) but not during P treatment (11.9 +/- 8.6 vs 12.0 +/- 7.3). Similar statistically significant reductions were observed in the number of @entity2142 and @entity1242 tablets consumed. Considering individual @entity1 , V reduced @entity63 episodes during both active phases in all @entity1 , whereas P was effective only in 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of @entity1855 and XXXX therapy for @entity951 at rest: a randomized, multiple-crossover, controlled trial in the coronary care unit.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ['variant angina']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['anginal attacks']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: Despite advances in @entity158 control many @entity1 experience moderate to severe @entity158 whilst in hospital. Contributory factors include inadequate assessment and documentation of @entity158 , as well as @entity1 and professional misconceptions. A 28-bedded surgical ward in a District General Hospital in the South of England was the setting for the project. A small preliminary audit of @entity158 on this ward indicated that some @entity1 experienced @entity282 , which was not effectively controlled. A 'continuous improvement' framework was used to increase understanding of the problem and identify an aim for the project, which was to reduce the number of @entity1 refusing analgesics when offered by nurses. An audit to ascertain how many @entity1 refused analgesia revealed that, of 133 @entity1 offered, 93 (70%) refused. Using the 'Model for Improvement' (Langley et al., 1996) a number of changes were introduced, including a @entity1 information sheet, regular documented @entity158 assessment and an innovative staff education programme. To evaluate if the changes in practice had been successful, further audit data were collected from 167 @entity1 . Sixty-three (44%) accepted analgesics, indicating a significant decrease in the number refusing (P = 0.005). This small project demonstrated that continuous improvement methodology can improve the management of @entity158 and quality of care for @entity1 . Such an approach brings practitioner and @entity1 into meaningful understanding and offers solutions which are realistic, achievable and sustainable over time. Despite finite resources and increased pressure on staff it is possible to motivate @entity1 when they feel they have ownership and change is meaningful. Continuous improvement methods offer an exciting, feasible, @entity1 -centred approach to improving care.

title: Refusing analgesics: using continuous improvement to improve XXXX management on a surgical ward.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']