abstract: Nitrogenase Fe-protein modification was analyzed in the endophytic beta-proteobacterium @entity18572 . Application of modern @entity15 techniques localized the modification in the peptide sequence and revealed it to be an @entity857 -ribosylation on @entity534 102 of one subunit of nitrogenase Fe-protein. A double digest with trypsin and endoproteinase Asp-N was necessary to obtain an analyzable peptide because the modification blocked the trypsin cleavage site at this residue. Furthermore, a peptide extraction protocol without @entity6146 was crucial to acquire the modified peptide, indicating an acid lability of the @entity857 -ribosylation. This finding was supported by the presence of a truncated version of the original peptide with @entity534 102 exchanged by @entity7222 . Site-directed mutagenesis verified that the @entity857 -ribosylation occurred on @entity534 102. With our approach, we were able to localize a labile modification within a large peptide of 31 @entity535 residues. The present study provides a method suitable for the identification of so far unknown protein modifications on nitrogenases or other proteins. It represents a new tool for the @entity15 analysis of protein mono- @entity857 -ribosylations.

title: Mass spectrometric characterization of the covalent modification of the nitrogenase Fe-protein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6146 :: ('MESH:D014269', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

answer: @entity18572 :: (62928,Species) :: ['Azoarcus sp. BH72']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple apical muscular @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) remain a challenge for surgeons because of their anatomical features. We used single patch with intermediate fixations to repair multiple apical muscular @entity1757 through right ventriculotomy. METHODS: We analysed the data of 16 @entity1 (median age 8 months, range 2 months to 144 months) with multiple apical muscular @entity1757 who underwent a single patch technique via apical right ventriculotomy. Perioperative data were collected and analysed, and the @entity1 were followed up for three months to 66 months (median, 46 months) to investigate the outcomes. RESULTS: All @entity1 recovered from cardiopulmonary bypass easily with median of cardiopulmonary bypass time 87 minutes and of aortic crossclamp time 53 minutes. No surgically related @entity204 occurred and no @entity1 required reoperation. One @entity1 died of @entity796 @entity281 on day 11 postoperatively. Residual shunt happened in one @entity1 with a diameter of 2 mm and spontaneously closed in 12 months after operation. Two @entity1 presented slightly reduced right ventricular volume and apical @entity2845 postoperatively and recovered 24 and 36 months later respectively. No other complication was found during the three months to 66 months follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our experiences using a single patch technique with intermediate fixations via right ventriculotomy in the management of multiple muscular @entity1757 had favourable outcomes.

title: Surgical closure of apical multiple muscular XXXX via right ventriculotomy using a single patch with intermediate fixings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['pseudomonas pyocyanea']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects', 'VSDs']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['septal defects']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4353 with linear @entity272 ( @entity32489 or MIDAS, OMIM #309801) is a rare @entity1112 characterized by @entity4353 or other @entity735 and @entity272 limited to the face and neck. However, inter- and intrafamilial variability is high. Here we report a familial case of @entity32489 . METHODS: A mother and daughter with @entity32489 underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, and extensive imaging, including anterior segment pictures, corneal topography and keratometry, autofluorescence, infrared reflectance and red free images, as well as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The mother also underwent full-field flash electroretinography. In addition, high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization analysis was performed in both as well as in the maternal grandparents of the proband. RESULTS: @entity4353 and @entity989 were noted in the proband and the mother, whereas only the mother presented with @entity272 . Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed a 185-220 kb deletion on chromosome band Xp22.2 including the entire @entity5462 gene. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of a deletion including @entity5462 led to the diagnosis of @entity32489 in these @entity1 . @entity989 can be part of the ocular manifestations of @entity32489 .

title: Familial cases of a submicroscopic Xp22.2 deletion: genotype-phenotype correlation in @entity4353 with linear XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal abnormalities', 'Retinal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia', 'Microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked male-lethal disorder']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'scars of the typical neonatal linear skin defects', 'skin defects syndrome']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin defects syndrome']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity900 -based combination chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity43 . DESIGN: Nonrandom prospective trial with endpoints of @entity5 response, results of repeat surgical exploration, progression-free interval, and survival. SETTING: Cooperative university-based @entity5 study comprising 27 participating institutions. @entity1 : Ninety-seven @entity1 were treated and all were evaluable. Of these, 8 had @entity5000 and 89 had other cell types. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received 3 to 4 courses of @entity900 . @entity5713 , and @entity1732 ( @entity7297 ). After chemotherapy, suitable @entity1 had re-staging laparotomy. Maintenance @entity5713 therapy was originally given but was discontinued for all @entity1 in 1981. @entity1 with persistent or recurrent disease were treated with @entity1891 , @entity4316 , and @entity786 (VAC) or @entity2879 plus @entity900 (EP). RESULTS: Of 35 @entity1 with @entity5 other than @entity5000 who had clinically measurable disease, 15 (43%; CI, 26% to 61%) had complete responses. Forty of fifty-six second-look laparotomies (71%; CI, 58% to 83%) revealed no @entity5 or mature @entity44 . Forty-seven @entity1 are still disease-free and 59 are alive. The survival rate is 71% (CI, 62% to 89%) and the disease-free rate is 51% (CI, 41% to 62%) at 2 years. Eight @entity1 had durable remissions with second- or third-line therapy. Seven of eight @entity1 with @entity5000 are also disease-free. CONCLUSIONS: @entity900 -based chemotherapy is effective for @entity1 with @entity43 , is superior to previous regimens, and will cure a substantial number of @entity1 .

title: @entity900 , @entity5713 , and @entity1732 in advanced and recurrent XXXX . A trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian germ-cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian germ-cell tumors']


abstract: @entity146 in @entity161 @entity1 can often be problematic not only for the @entity1 themselves, but for their families and others. This study examined the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in combination with @entity1090 in an open trial in 10 male @entity161 @entity1 with significant @entity146 . @entity1 were given bilateral ECT five times a week in combination with @entity1090 . The mean total number of times of ECT was 6.6 (range 5-9). The @entity146 in five of the six @entity1 , who showed positive symptoms, was rapidly ameliorated within 12 days. The ECT/ @entity1090 regimen also eliminated @entity146 in four @entity1 showing no positive symptoms within 10 days. These treatment effects lasted for at least 6 months in 9 (of the 10) @entity1 . The results suggest that ECT, combined with @entity1090 , produce a rapid and effective elimination of @entity146 in @entity161 @entity1 . In addition, there was a resolution of @entity146 in four @entity1 with no positive symptoms. This suggests that @entity146 in some @entity161 @entity1 develops as a primary symptom of @entity161 and is not related to other positive symptoms of the disease or the @entity1 's personality traits.

title: Effectiveness of ECT combined with @entity1090 against XXXX in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive behaviors', 'aggressive behavior', 'Aggressive behavior']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The low notification of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) underscores the need for pharmacological surveillance systems that allow their detection, evaluation, prevention and registry especially in @entity1 receiving multiple medications. AIM: To communicate the @entity137 observed with the use @entity526 asparaginase ( @entity526 ASP) in @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of clinical records of all the @entity1 aged less than 15 years with @entity3052 (n =52) and treated between January 1996 and April 2000. The suspicion of @entity137 to @entity526 ASP was evaluated using the Karch and Lasagna algorithm. Probable and definitive cases of @entity137 to @entity526 ASP were subjected to a protocol of clinical and epidemiological data. The risk factors associated to @entity137 to @entity526 ASP, were also determined. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 aged 1 to 13 years (33 @entity1 ) were studied. In 20 (40%), an @entity137 to @entity526 ASP, was suspected. After the use of the algorithm, the @entity137 was considered definite in two @entity1 , probable in 17 and possible in one. The registered clinical events were @entity110 in 17, anaphylactic shock in four, transient alterations of hepatic functions test in seven and @entity6805 in four. The test of cutaneous sensitivity to the administration of @entity526 ASP, performed prior to the administration of the drug, were positive in nine of the 20 @entity1 with adverse reactions. No @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the Karch anbd Lasagna algorithm, allowed us to objectively classify suspected cases of @entity137 by @entity526 ASP.

title: [Adverse reactions to L-asparaginase in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse Drug Reactions', 'ADR']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'Acute Lymphatic Leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute lymphatic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a nurse-driven effort to improve @entity4854 management in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. METHODS: The setting was the ICU of a large urban hospital. The program was composed of 3 components: nurses as leaders, a clinical pathway to identify @entity1 in need of @entity4854 therapy, and implementation of a redesigned insulin infusion algorithm (the Columnar Insulin Dosing Chart). Time to reach a target @entity413 range of 80 to 110 mg/dL (4.4-6.1 mmol/L) was evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen ICU nurses were trained in the project. The Columnar Insulin Dosing Chart was applied to 20 @entity1 . The average time required to reach the target blood @entity413 range was 12.8 hours. Below-target blood @entity413 levels were 6.9% of all blood @entity413 levels recorded, but only 0.9% were below 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L). There was no sustained @entity4053 , and no persistent clinical findings attributable to @entity4053 were noted. Barriers to implementing the project included an increased nursing workload, the need for more finger-stick blood @entity413 monitors, and the need to acquire new finger-lancing devices that allowed for @entity272 and increased @entity1 comfort. CONCLUSIONS: Tighter glycemic control goals can be attained in a busy ICU by a nurse-led team using a pathway for identifying and treating @entity4854 , clear decision support tools, and adequate nurse education. The novel chart-based insulin infusion algorithm chosen as the standard for this pilot was an effective tool for reducing the blood @entity413 to target range with no clinically significant @entity4053 .

title: Improving XXXX management in the intensive care unit: preliminary report of a nurse-driven quality improvement project using a redesigned insulin infusion algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['shallower skin puncture']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: After @entity1563 , surviving myocardium in and around the infarct zone plays an important role in arrhythmogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms for derangements in cardiac electrical activity at the cellular and molecular levels is important for the design of effective therapeutic strategies. METHODS: To provide part of that understanding, we studied changes in K channel function and expression in @entity35 ventricular myocardium three days after occluding the left major coronary artery. The epicardium and endocardium of infarcted region in the left ventricle and the free wall of right ventricle were separated for myocyte isolation, followed by whole-cell voltage clamp studies. Myocytes were also isolated from corresponding regions of control and sham-operated hearts and studied under the same conditions. RESULTS: We found that the transient outward (Ito), delayed rectifier (IK) and inward rectifier (IKI) currents have different distribution patterns in normal @entity35 ventricular myocardium. Sham-operation did not affect any of these K currents in left ventricular myocytes, but @entity1563 caused a reduction of all three. For Ito and IKI the reduction was greater in epicardial than in endocardial myocytes, but IK was reduced equally in these two cell groups. Unexpectedly, Ito and IK as well as cell capacitance were increased in right ventricular myocytes from infarcted as well as sham-operated hearts. Western blot analysis indicated that the level of Kv4 channel proteins ( @entity26739 + @entity26740 ) was reduced in @entity1188 , consistent with the reduction in Ito. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the distribution of K channels and changes in them induced by @entity1563 are heterogeneous in ventricular myocardium. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for this heterogeneity and its implications in arrhythmogenesis poses a challenge in designing effective antiarrhythmic therapy for @entity583 @entity1 .

title: Heterogeneous changes in K currents in @entity35 ventricles three days after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted left ventricular myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIMS: To conduct a large-scale analysis on epidemiology, management, and outcomes of spontaneous @entity510 ( @entity510 ), and to investigate the current situation of @entity439 in China. METHODS: A multicenter prospective cohort study involving 132 hospitals throughout China from September 2007 to August 2008 was conducted. A total of 651 @entity1 with spontaneous @entity510 were evaluated. RESULTS: The most frequent type of @entity510 was @entity439 @entity510 (77.4%), followed by uncommon causes (17.5%) and uncertain etiologies (5.1%). For @entity439 @entity510 , the cumulative mortality at 28  days, 3  months, 6  months, and 12  months was 16.9%, 21.2%, 23.6%, and 24.6%, respectively. Obliteration of @entity439 , age, Hunt and Hess grade, and history of @entity64 affected the 12-month mortality. In multiple regression analysis, the region, type of hospital, @entity1 's age, history of @entity101 , and nonintraventricular @entity548 impacted @entity439 . CONCLUSION: @entity1756 is the most common cause of spontaneous @entity510 in China. The percentage of @entity439 is still low in China that seems to contribute to long-term mortality. With continued training of specialists, proper allocation of healthcare resources, and establishment of @entity64 centers, the rate of securing @entity439 is expected to rise.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX , patterns of management, and outcomes in China: a hospital-based multicenter prospective study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysmal', 'aneurysm obliteration']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysmal rupture']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1937 , a mu-opioid receptor agonist, has important characteristics for neuroanesthesia, but data about its effects on postoperative recovery and mortality are currently lacking. METHODS: Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in 2007, we selected @entity1 who underwent elective @entity1313 resection with open craniotomy under general anesthesia using either @entity1937 or @entity3575 and divided them into two categories: @entity1937 @entity1 and non- @entity1937 @entity1 . After propensity score matching for potential confounders, we compared the in-hospital mortality and postoperative length of stay (LOS) between the two groups. For comparison, the same endpoints were evaluated for @entity1 underwent @entity5 surgery under general anesthesia with intraoperative epidural anesthesia. RESULTS: In @entity1 who underwent @entity1313 resection (936 pairs), @entity1937 @entity1 had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (1.5 % vs. 3.0 %; P = 0.029). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for use of @entity1937 for in-hospital mortality was 0.47 (95 % confidence interval, 0.25-0.91; P = 0.025). @entity1937 @entity1 also showed earlier discharge from hospital (median LOS, 17 vs. 19 days; hazard ratio, 1.19, 95 % confidence interval, 1.08-1.30; P < 0.001). In contrast, in 2,756 pairs of @entity1 undergoing @entity5 surgery, no significant difference was seen in either in-hospital morality (1.2 % vs. 1.3 %; P = 0.518) or median LOS (19 vs. 19 days; P = 0.148) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest a possible association between use of @entity1937 and better early postoperative recovery for @entity1 undergoing neurosurgery with craniotomy. Further studies, including a randomized controlled trial, are required to confirm the present results.

title: Impact of XXXX use on early postoperative outcomes following @entity1313 resection or @entity5 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity544 laser has evolved to be the premier dissecting instrument for hemostatic cutting during endolaryngeal cancer resection. However, dissection is limited to mirror-reflected line-of-sight delivery of the laser. A recently developed flexible, hollow photonic bandgap fiber (PBF) appears to offer advantages in endolaryngeal dissection. METHODS: The suitability of the PBF for @entity1 application was evaluated in a @entity235 experiment in which @entity1 surgical procedures for microlaryngoscopic en bloc partial laryngectomy were simulated. The specimens that were resected endoscopically and the completion laryngectomy specimen were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Observations from this experiment revealed that en bloc partial laryngectomy procedures were substantially easier to achieve as compared with prior experience in @entity1 . This improvement resulted from three factors: 1) enhanced tangential dissection due to increased angulation of the laser energy, 2) enhanced procedural orientation due to proprioception of the tissues in contact mode, and 3) improved hemostasis. Histopathologic analysis of the resection margins revealed minimal thermal trauma. CONCLUSIONS: The PBF shows substantial promise for @entity1 application in endoscopic partial laryngectomy. It will likely enhance the ability of any surgeon to extend his or her indications for performing endoscopic @entity5 resections regardless of philosophy (en bloc resection or piecemeal).

title: @entity544 laser fiber for XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: Percutaneus device closure appears to be safe and effective in @entity1 treated for a residual shunt after initial surgical closure, as well as after two to three weeks of index @entity583 . The index case presented with a @entity1757 on second of acute @entity583 thrombolysed with streptokinase. The general condition of the @entity1 was fairly stable. Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography showed significant @entity1002 and there was 90 % proximal stenosis of left anterior descending coronary artery. Other coronary arteries were normal. Angioplasty and stenting to the coronary artery lesion was done using drug eluting stent (DES) with very good angiographic result. @entity1 was discharged after four days in stable condtion. After 3 weeks his @entity1757 was closed percutaneusly using cardio -O- @entity4682 device with tiny residual shunt. The procedure was uneventful and of brief duration. He was discharged after 5 days of the post procedure in very stable condition with minimal residual shunt. A staged procedure is a better option if the condition of the @entity1 allows strengthening @entity1757 .

title: Device closure of post- XXXX @entity1757 three weeks after coronary angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect', 'ventricular septal defect border']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left to right shunt']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: I. The bibliography about corticosteroid influence on immune response is briefly reviewed. Generally, it is admitted that @entity288 are immunosuppressive when administered in large amounts. Divergent opinions are recalled. II. The aims of the experiments are summarized: A) Investigate on the influence of corticoids (given in just substitutive amounts) on skin allograft rejection. B) Investigate on possible interactions between adrenal cortex and thymus with this test. III. It was observed, that A) Adrenalectomy resulted in a significant delay of allograft rejection. B) This could be suppressed partially by administering @entity1369 , @entity2819 , and @entity8147 and completely by administering at least two of these hormones. C) @entity701 had shown a minor inhibitory influence. D) There was no obvious difference between adrenalectomized and thymectomized @entity35 and those adrenalectomized only. IV. These observations are replaced in the context of bibliography and their significance is discussed.

title: Influence of the adrenal cortex on allograft rejections in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol']

entities_list: @entity8147 :: ('MESH:D003900', 'Chemical') :: ['desoxycorticosterone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Inflammasomes have emerged as playing key roles in @entity32 and innate immunity. A growing body of evidence has suggested that the @entity377 -binding domain and @entity368 -rich repeat protein-3 ( @entity5704 ) inflammasome is important in chronic @entity1030 such as @entity565 and @entity1030 . Inflammasome activation results, in part, in pro- @entity1356 processing and the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine @entity1356 . Because @entity565 exacerbations are associated with elevated concentrations of secreted @entity1356 , we addressed whether the @entity5704 inflammasome is activated under in vitro conditions that mimic infectious exacerbations in @entity565 . Primary cultures of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells were treated with infectious stimuli (mimicked using the @entity2938 agonist Pam3CSK4, a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide). Whereas Pam3CSK4 robustly up-regulated ASM cytokine expression in response to @entity310 and significantly enhanced @entity1356 mRNA expression, we were unable to detect @entity1356 in the cell supernatants. Thus, @entity1356 was not secreted and therefore was unable to act in an autocrine manner to promote the amplification of ASM inflammatory responses. Moreover, @entity2938 ligation did not enhance @entity5704 or @entity9302 expression in ASM cells, and @entity5704 and @entity9302 protein were not present in the ASM layer of tracheal sections from @entity1 donors. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the enhanced synthetic function of ASM cells, induced by infectious exacerbations of airway @entity32 , is @entity5704 inflammasome-independent and @entity1356 -independent. Activation of the @entity5704 inflammasome by invading pathogens may prove cell type-specific in exacerbations of airway @entity32 in @entity565 .

title: The @entity377 -binding domain and XXXX -rich repeat protein-3 inflammasome is not activated in airway smooth muscle upon @entity2938 ligation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'airway diseases']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Global hypomethylation of repetitive DNA sequences is believed to occur early in tumorigenesis. There is a great interest in identifying factors that contribute to global DNA hypomethylation and associated @entity5 risk. We tested the hypothesis that plasma @entity7726 ( @entity3874 ) level alone or in combination with genetic variation in DNA methyltransferases ( @entity16610 , @entity15786 and @entity15894 ) was associated with global DNA methylation extent at long interspersed @entity377 element-1 (LINE-1) sequences. METHODS: Plasma @entity3874 level and LINE-1 DNA methylation index were measured using stored blood samples collected from 440 healthy Singaporean Chinese adults during 1994-1999. Genetic polymorphisms of 13 loci in @entity16610 , @entity15786 and @entity15894 were determined. RESULTS: LINE-1 methylation index was significantly higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 (p   =   0.001). LINE-1 methylation index was positively associated with plasma @entity3874 levels (p    <=   0.01), with a plateau at approximately 78% of LINE-1 methylation index (55  nmol/L plasma @entity3874 ) in @entity1 and 77% methylation index (50  nmol/L plasma @entity3874 ) in @entity1 . In @entity1 only, the T allele of @entity16610 @entity42550 was associated with a statistically significantly higher LINE-1 methylation index (ptrend   =   0.001). The @entity16610 @entity42551 genotype modified the association between plasma @entity3874 and LINE-1 methylation index at low levels of plasma @entity3874 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Circulating @entity3874 level was associated with LINE-1 methylation status among healthy Chinese adults. The @entity16610 genetic polymorphism may exert a modifying effect on the association between @entity3874 and LINE-1 methylation status in @entity1 , especially when plasma @entity3874 level is low. Our findings support a link between plasma @entity3874 and global DNA methylation status at LINE-1 sequences.

title: Plasma @entity7726 , XXXX polymorphisms, and peripheral blood LINE-1 methylation among healthy Chinese adults in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

answer: @entity16610 :: (1786,Gene) :: ['DNMT']


abstract: PURPOSE: Caring for a family member with @entity5 is a psychologically demanding experience. However, it remains unclear whether the distress that caregiving provokes also takes a physiologic toll on the body. This study observed familial caregivers of @entity1 with @entity1313 for a year after diagnosis and tracked changes in neurohormonal and inflammatory processes. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighteen caregivers (age 50.4 +/- 3.5 years) and 19 controls (age 50.2 +/- 2.6 years) were assessed four times during a year (before and after radiotherapy, as well as 6 weeks and 4 months thereafter). Salivary biomarkers of @entity774 and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity were collected, and blood was drawn for assessment of the systemic inflammatory markers @entity1851 and @entity650 ( @entity650 ). Blood was also used to monitor in vitro @entity650 production by endotoxin-stimulated leukocytes and expression of mRNA for pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling molecules. RESULTS: Caregivers showed marked changes over time in diurnal output of salivary amylase, a marker of SNS activity, whereas secretions in controls were stable during follow-up. @entity701 output was similar in caregivers and controls. During the year, caregivers showed a profound linear increase in systemic @entity32 , as indexed by @entity1851 . At the same time, they displayed a linear decline in mRNA for anti-inflammatory signaling molecules and diminished in vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity. CONCLUSION: These preliminary data show that familial caregivers of @entity1 with @entity5 experience marked changes in neurohormonal and inflammatory processes in the year after diagnosis. These changes may place them at risk for morbidity and mortality from diseases fostered by excessive @entity32 .

title: Biologic cost of caring for a @entity5 XXXX : dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP)', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: This retrospective study was aimed at assessing Computed Tomography (CT) capabilities in identifying low- and high-risk groups of clinical @entity1204 @entity1 . CT of the pelvis was performed on 125 @entity1204 @entity1 who were divided into two groups based on T (stage and depth of @entity3 ) and N (lymph node status) parameters. All @entity1 had histologic evidence of well/moderately-differentiated @entity420 ( @entity44260 ). The low-risk group consisted of stage I @entity1 with superficial myometrial involvement and no lymphadenopathy, while the high-risk group consisted of the @entity1 with deep @entity3 and/or stage II and/or positive lymph nodes. All @entity1 were operated on-i.e., total abdominal hysterectomy with vaginal cuff, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The @entity1 were followed-up for 36 months at least. On the basis of CT findings, 85 @entity1 were included in the low-risk group, but 11 misstaged cases were found at surgery in which lymphadenectomy never changed the factor risk. Only four relapses (4.7%) were observed in this group. Forty @entity1 were included in the high-risk group: CT misstaged 20 cases and 12 relapses (30%) were observed. This study demonstrates the clinical value of CT in the assessment of radiologic risk factors in @entity1204 ; CT findings can be used as guidelines for different treatments.

title: Clinical usefulness of CT in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'stage I endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['stage I endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Alteration of the @entity876 @entity5 suppressor gene is the most common @entity74 in @entity1 @entity5 . In @entity0 , depending on the stage of disease and method of detection, mutation rates of 25-60% have been observed. Multiple mutations of @entity876 gene in the same @entity5 however, are rarely reported. In this study we explored the frequency of multiple mutations of @entity876 gene in @entity189 in a cohort of south Florida @entity1 . Three hundred eighty-four cases of primary @entity0 diagnosed between 1984 and 1986 at the University of Miami, Jackson Medical Center were subjects of this study. Sequence analysis of exons 5 through 8 of @entity876 was performed on cloned PCR-amplified DNA of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity5 . Two hundred thirty-four of 384 @entity0 (61%) had @entity876 mutation. Of those, 36 @entity5 showed more than one mutation; 31 @entity5 had two mutations, three showed three, one @entity5 had five mutations, and one case carried six mutations. The majority of mutations were missense (43) followed by silent (35); and most occurred within a single exon. Our study suggests that multiple mutations of @entity876 suppressor gene in @entity0 are more common than currently believed.

title: Multiple mutations of the XXXX gene in @entity1 @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormality']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: We experienced a case of @entity362 , which is considered to be relatively rare disease. A 3-year-old @entity1 was referred to Gifu University hospital because of fever and an abnormal shadow on her chest X-ray. The chest X-ray clearly showed a well-delineated @entity5 shadow which seemed to oppress the diaphragm and the right atrium in the right lower lung area. A computed tomogram (CT) of the chest showed a homogeneous mass localized on the right diaphragm and adjoining the right anterior chest wall and heart. The mass showed a fat density measuring about -100 HU. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a high-intensity mass which was almost the same level as the subcutaneous fat on both the T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. Thoracotomy was performed and a @entity362 was found. It arose from the right side of the pericardium and adjoined the diaphragm, the anterior chest wall, and the thymus. There was no adhesion between the @entity5 and the surrounding organs. It was resected easily and its contents were yellowish and homogeneous. The @entity1 made an uneventful recovery and was discharged 10 days after the operation. Light microscopy showed a @entity362 consisting of mature adipose tissue and no @entity5 was found.

title: XXXX : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'mediastinal lipoma', 'fatty tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Mediastinal lipoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We present seven cases of acute @entity198 following measles, which were diagnosed during the epidemic that occurred in Spain in 1986. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied seven @entity1 diagnosed of @entity198 due to measles. The diagnosis of measles was a made by the presence of a characteristic morbiliform @entity1910 and the detection of specific IgM antibodies. The diagnosis of @entity198 was based on the symptoms and the routine examinations of blood, @entity2841 , EEG, CT, ophthalmic exploration and the study of the audiovisual evoked potentials. RESULTS: The @entity1 were between 5 and 9 years of age. None of them had been previously vaccinated for measles. The symptoms of @entity198 occurred 1 to 12 days after the appearance of the @entity1910 and the most frequent symptoms were drowsiness and @entity391 . All of the @entity1 had EEG abnormalities that returned to normal 1 to 18 months after the diagnosis. One @entity1 presented @entity854 . @entity2841 examination revealed an increase of the cell count in one case. The ophthalmic exploration was normal except in one of the @entity1 which had @entity7995 . There were no abnormalities in the audiovisual evoked potentials. All of the cases showed good evolution. Five years later, all of the @entity1 have had a normal development. CONCLUSIONS: The correct vaccination of measles can eradicate this disease.

title: [ XXXX due to measles].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CT abnormalities']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['Encephalitis']


abstract: To evaluate the mechanism of @entity944 in childhood and the physical activity levels at the onset of @entity944 , we studied the following items: (1) the incidence and the circumstances surrounding @entity944 at school in Kanagawa Prefecture, (2) high risk @entity299 detected among healthy school @entity1 by @entity299 screening, (3) @entity1164 or near miss seen in outpatients with @entity299 except @entity299 . Among total 15,156,346 school @entity1 , @entity944 was observed in 97 subjects (M:77, F:20). Annual incidence of @entity944 was 6.4 per 10(6). Of the 97 subjects, @entity712 of unknown etiology was found in 60 (62%), @entity65 in 18 (19%), cerebral vascular accidents in 14 (14%) and @entity64 in 5 (5%). Of the 78 subjects (M:64, F:14) considered as @entity1164 , 62 (79%) died during sports activities, and 16 (21%) died at rest. Of the 62 subjects, 29 died during track and field activities and 7 while swimming, both in physical education classes. Eighteen died during athletic club activities and 8 during extracurricular activities. Consequently, 54 subjects (87%) died in the presence of a school teacher. Of the 18 subjects with @entity65 , 9 ( @entity1121 in 3, @entity2401 in 3, @entity573 in 2 and long QT in one) were diagnosed initially by the autopsy study. Latent high risk @entity299 , detected among presumably healthy school @entity1 by the @entity299 screening program, were the following: @entity1121 , @entity1162 , @entity573 and some @entity943 ( @entity1165 , @entity1817 , @entity616 and @entity955 ). Follow-up observations of outpatients with @entity299 revealed the same results as the @entity299 screening program. In order to prevent @entity944 at school, the following recommendations should be observed: 1) sports directors should learn "sports medicine in childhood", including primary @entity65 , 2) an accurate @entity299 screening program should be operated to detect latent high risk @entity299 , advise on adequate medical treatment, and help ensure an appropriate selection of sports activities, 3) comprehensive autopsy studies should be performed.

title: XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['heat stroke']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'heart disease', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular resuscitation', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['Sudden cardiac death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine incidence and risk factors for possible paradoxical @entity887 in @entity1 who have @entity4924 with severe @entity997 . DESIGN: Retrospective study of clinical and imaging data. SETTING: Tertiary care center. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing clinical evaluation and echocardiography prior to cardiac surgery for @entity4924 (1975-2010) performed at age >=  40 years. RESULTS: Mean age of 128 @entity1 (81 female) was 53    9 years. All had severe @entity997 . Twenty-four (19%) had previous cardiac surgery (at <40 years), including 17 for interatrial shunt closure. Most (112 [88%]) had New York Heart Association functional class III/IV @entity712 ; 84 (66%) had interatrial shunting (58 had an @entity118 and 29 had a @entity4616 [3 had both]). During their lifetime, 29 @entity1 (23%) had a history of >= 1 possible paradoxical @entity887 ( @entity64 or transient @entity63 , @entity867 , or @entity583 ). The best predictors of preoperative possible paradoxical @entity887 were an @entity118 (P = .002) and older age at surgery (P = .007). There was no association of possible paradoxical @entity887 with cardiovascular risk factors ( @entity101 , @entity2299 , smoking, or family history of @entity453 ) (all P >=  .3) or @entity955 (P = .69). Median age at occurrence of @entity2121 was 49 (range, 1.5-74 years). CONCLUSIONS: Possible paradoxical @entity887 are common in adults with @entity4924 and severe @entity997 and are strongly associated with @entity118 . In @entity1 with @entity118 or @entity4616 , shunt closure should be considered to reduce risk of possible paradoxical @entity887 .

title: Increased risk of possible paradoxical XXXX in adults with @entity4924 and severe @entity997 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ['Ebstein anomaly']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolic events']


abstract: Mammary glands from female BALB/c @entity19 of different ages and parity were screened for production of three epidermal growth factor (EGF) related transforming growth factors and their corresponding mRNAs. Glands were obtained from 2-26-month-old nulliparous, 4-26-month-old parous, and 2-8-month-old midpregnant @entity19 . Reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to screen for mRNA from the @entity13898 ( @entity13898 ), @entity43746 ( @entity43746 ), and @entity43747 ( @entity43747 ) genes in extracts of whole mammary glands. @entity13898 , @entity43746 , and @entity43747 transcripts were detected in all of the mammary glands assayed. In situ hybridization was then used to localize these mRNAs among various cell types in sections of glands. @entity13898 mRNA levels were low in the mammary epithelium from young nulliparous @entity19 , high in the stroma of midpregnant mammary glands, and highest in luminal epithelium of the aged glands. @entity43747 mRNA levels were high and remained unchanged in all developmental stages. @entity43746 mRNA level increased with age and was detected primarily in epithelium, with some scattered expression in adjacent stroma. Finally, @entity13898 , @entity43746 , and @entity43747 proteins were immunolocalized in histological sections of mammary glands from the various developmental stages. @entity13898 was detected sporadically in midpregnant @entity19 , with more conspicuous reactivity seen in 18-26-month-old @entity19 (38% of @entity19 ). @entity43746 immunoreactivity was detected in 100% of the 18-26-month-old glands but not in any other age groups. Strong @entity43747 immunoreactivity was observed in in all glands, including 100% of the 18-26-month-old glands. Staining for all three of these growth factors was observed primarily in the epithelium, with some reactivity detected in the periductal fibroblasts. No significant difference was discerned between glands from nulliparous and parous animals. We also found intense @entity43746 mRNA expression and strong immunoreactivity in seven different carcinogen-induced and eight spontaneous @entity5 . Our results demonstrate that these growth factors accumulate in significant amounts in the old gland of both nulliparous and parous @entity19 . The observations suggest that these growth factors are positioned to contribute to abnormal development in the older mammary gland, predisposing them to tumorigenesis.

title: Expression of epidermal growth factor-related proteins in the aged adult XXXX mammary gland and their relationship to tumorigenesis.

entities_list: @entity13898 :: ('21802(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha', 'TGF alpha']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Since chronic @entity409 is generally considered a pre-malignant condition, recurrence in the residual liver after hepatic resection for @entity157 may be related to the malignant potential of the underlying @entity409 . METHODOLOGY: We studied non-cancerous regions of @entity157 that were 3 cm or smaller in diameter from 170 @entity1 who underwent curative hepatic resection. The presence of clusters of @entity5072 small cells, which we called @entity5072 foci, was investigated microscopically. The nuclei of the cells in @entity5072 foci were normal, but the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio was high, cellularity was increased compared with neighboring regions, and the hepatic trabeculae were somewhat thick. We also calculated the labeling index in @entity5072 foci areas by proliferating cell nuclear antigen and compared this to that of hepatocytes without cellular atypia. RESULTS: In 59 of 170 @entity1 (35%), @entity5072 foci were found. The labeling index in @entity5072 foci was significantly higher than in control regions (p = 0.0016). As of December 1995, 113 @entity1 (63%) were found to have a recurrence. When @entity5072 foci were found, the @entity5 -free survival rate was significantly lower (p = 0.0443). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7905 represent an important predictor of recurrence after hepatic resection for a small @entity157 .

title: XXXX as a prognostic factor after resection of @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity7905 :: ('MESH:C565785', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperplastic foci']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity7905 :: (MESH:C565785,Disease) :: ['Hyperplastic foci']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity18111 is a first-line agent for the prevention and treatment of a number of invasive @entity364 . Relatively little is known about the relationship between drug exposure and the prevention of invasive @entity364 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic substudy was performed as part of the BMT CTN 0101 trial, which was a randomized clinical trial comparing @entity18111 with @entity2380 for the prevention of invasive @entity364 in HSCT recipients. A previously described population pharmacokinetic model was used to calculate the maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimates for 187 @entity1 . Drug exposure in each @entity1 was quantified in terms of the average AUC and average trough concentrations. The relationship between drug exposure and the probability of @entity281 was investigated using logistic regression. AUC and trough concentrations in @entity1 with and without @entity281 were compared. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic data from each @entity1 were readily described using the maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimates. There were only five @entity1 that had a @entity281 while receiving @entity18111 in the first 100 days post-HSCT. For these @entity1 , there was no statistically significant relationship between the average AUC or average trough concentration and the probability of @entity281 [OR (95% CI) 1.026 (0.956-1.102) and 1.108 (0.475-2.581), respectively]. P value for these estimates was 0.474 and 0.813, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Given the very small number of proven/probable infections, it was difficult to identify any differences in drug exposure in HSCT recipients with and without breakthrough @entity364 .

title: XXXX pharmacokinetics following HSCT: results from the BMT CTN 0101 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal diseases']

entities_list: @entity18111 :: ('MESH:D065819', 'Chemical') :: ['Voriconazole', 'voriconazole']

answer: @entity18111 :: (MESH:D065819,Chemical) :: ['Voriconazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5 (NETs) are rare @entity11809 . Whereas early surgical resection can significantly reduce @entity5 mass, there are few data available concerning the control of hormonal secretion and associated symptoms. Studies have shown that the @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity2240 significantly prolongs progression-free survival in @entity1 with pancreatic NETs. Here, we present 2 case reports of @entity2240 in @entity1 with different types of NETs. METHODS: The @entity1 were a 12-year-old @entity1 with metastatic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing @entity5 ( @entity11563 ) and a 70-year-old @entity1 with metastatic @entity1823 /NET. Both were treated in an outpatient clinical setting. @entity2240 was titrated to 37.5 mg on a continuous daily dosing schedule in the @entity1 with @entity11563 , and the dose was 50 mg/d (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off) in the @entity1 with the @entity1823 /NET. RESULTS: The @entity1 with the @entity1823 /NET had a confirmed complete radiographic response and the @entity1 with @entity11563 had a confirmed partial response (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 ). In both @entity1 , improvements were observed in biochemical @entity5 markers, clinical responses, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: In these @entity1 , @entity2240 reduced biochemical markers and stabilized or reduced @entity5 bulk and may therefore be a potential therapeutic option for these @entity5 types.

title: XXXX for the treatment of metastatic @entity1823 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing @entity5 ( @entity11563 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity11809 :: ('MESH:D009423', 'Disease') :: ['tumors of the endocrine and nervous systems']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['Sunitinib']


abstract: In the near future, the number of young @entity1 suffering from locoregional recurrence of their @entity263 after external beam radiation will increase. For these @entity1 , @entity342 deprivation is the most widely used therapy, but it is only palliative. Salvage radical prostatectomy, cryoablation, interstitial brachytherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are treatment options with the potential of curing the @entity1 . Currently, salvage radical prostatectomy offers the best chance for cure. Although a significant reduction in peri- and postoperative complication rates has been reported, surgery remains technically challenging, with a high rate of @entity322 . We believe that salvage prostatectomy should be considered only for @entity1 in good general health whose life expectancy is more than 10 years and whose @entity5 was initially organ-confined before radiation therapy. Salvage cryotherapy might be an alternative to surgery. Complication rates have decreased as technical application has improved considerably within the last years. A major drawback of cryoablation is its lack of reliable and complete ablation of all prostate cells. HIFU and interstitial brachytherapy are minimally invasive salvage options that have been investigated in small clinical studies.

title: [Therapy options in relapsing XXXX after external radiation therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity2662 ) is associated with @entity1619 , tropical @entity3500 , and other immune-mediated diseases. There are reports of groups with high prevalences of @entity2662 @entity281 in Peru, but there is limited knowledge of the epidemiology of @entity281 or which routes of @entity281 are most important. We studied 2,492 @entity1 presenting to a large maternity hospital in Lima for prenatal, delivery, or abortion services. @entity2662 seropositivity was confirmed in 42 @entity1 (1.7%; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.2). Seroprevalence increased with age but did not vary by region of birth or recency of migration to Lima. Age greater than 30 years and sexual intercourse before 20 years of age were strongly and independently associated with @entity281 . History of abortion and history of transfusion were of borderline significance. @entity1 whose male partner had a characteristic that might be a marker for risk of @entity2953 were also more likely to be infected. @entity2662 is common among Peruvians throughout the country and is maintained by a low level of neonatally acquired @entity281 that is amplified by sexual transmission. In addition to screening of the blood supply, instituted in 1997, programs designed to reduce neonatal and sexual transmission should be effective.

title: High endemicity of @entity2662 among pregnant XXXX in peru.

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['adult T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['HTLV-1', 'Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1(HTLV-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: 1. @entity712 is a clinical syndrome of symptoms and signs, which can be confirmed by imaging or invasive haemodynamic techniques. It may be caused by @entity299 , but @entity299 rarely occurs alone. It is important to ascertain the degree to which each contributes, and the precise aetiology of the condition, particularly in relation to surgically correctable lesions. 2. Non-pharmacological approaches including @entity353 , salt restriction and lifestyle changes may be beneficial in some @entity1 , and diuretics, which reduce the load on the heart, are the traditional baseline therapy. 3. Digitalis has been used where problems with contractility predominate, but its beneficial effect has been disputed, and expectations of improvement in @entity1 in sinus rhythm should not be too high. 4. Vasodilators have been considered as the next line of treatment. Arteriolar dilators tend to increase cardiac output, but have little effect on pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and venodilators tend to have the opposite effect. Probably both actions are necessary and @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors, which have both, have proved effective in terms of symptoms and survival. 5. Various other inotropic agents have been tried. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors improve exercise tolerance, but may increase the probability of serious @entity943 , already a significant cause of @entity944 . beta 1-partial adrenoceptor agonists such as @entity18293 have shown some promise, and anti-arrhythmic therapy has also been considered. 6. Drugs which prevent progression of @entity296 would prove a great advance, and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and @entity460 channel blockers appear to have considerable potential in this area.

title: Treatment of XXXX --state of the art and future trends.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity18293 :: ('MESH:D017307', 'Chemical') :: ['xamoterol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'systolic or diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ), @entity32 of the middle ear, is the most common cause of @entity393 and surgery in @entity1 . Recurrent and chronic forms of @entity2172 are known to have a strong genetic component, but nothing is known of the underlying genes involved in the @entity1 population. We have previously identified a novel semi-dominant @entity19 mutant, @entity39590 , in which the heterozygotes develop chronic suppurative @entity2172 (Hardisty, R.E., Erven, A., Logan, K., Morse, S., Guionaud, S., Sancho-Oliver, S., Hunter, A.J., Brown, S.D. and Steel, K.P. (2003) The deaf @entity19 mutant @entity39590 (Jf) is a single gene model of @entity2346 media. J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol., 4, 130-138.) and represent a model for chronic forms of @entity2172 in @entity1 . We demonstrate here that @entity39590 carries a mutation in an F-box gene, @entity39591 . @entity39591 is expressed in epithelial cells of the middle ears from late embryonic stages through to day 13 of postnatal life. In contrast to @entity39590 heterozygotes, @entity39590 homozygotes show @entity2419 , @entity2419 and perinatal lethality. We have also isolated and characterized an additional hypomorphic mutant allele, Mutt. Mutt heterozygotes do not develop @entity2172 but Mutt homozygotes also show @entity2419 and @entity2419 . @entity39591 is one of the first molecules to be identified, contributing to the genetic aetiology of @entity2172 . In addition, the recessive effects of mutant alleles of @entity39591 identify the gene as an important candidate for @entity2419 studies in the @entity1 population.

title: A mutation in the F-box gene, @entity39590 , causes @entity2346 media in the @entity39590 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['Otitis media', 'OM']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'facial clefting', 'cleft palate abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze and adapt a set of quality indicators for assessment and management of @entity1 with @entity73 , which are seen very frequently in geriatric assessment units in Quebec. DESIGN: Modified Delphi technique. SETTING: Province of Quebec. @entity1 : Seven clinicians from 3 different medical faculties in Quebec were selected for their expertise in @entity303 and geriatric care. METHOD: From among the indicators developed in 2001 using the RAND method, 22 items selected for their relevance to evaluation and management of @entity73 were adapted to clinical practice in the Quebec hospital system. These indicators, along with evidence from the literature, were submitted by mail to a panel of experts. The experts were asked to rate, on a scale of 1 to 9, their level of agreement with the indicators in terms of their validity and quality and the need for them to be recorded in @entity1 ' medical charts. For an indicator to be retained, it had to be accepted according to its median value, to be rated in the upper third of the scale, and to be approved by the panelists. Indicators not accepted at first were modified according to experts' comments and then re-submitted to the same panel for a second round. RESULTS: Of 22 indicators submitted in the first round, 21 were validated. They covered assessment, investigation, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up. The indicator found questionable was modified and then accepted during the second round. CONCLUSION: This study identified 22 indicators relevant to assessment and management of @entity1 with @entity73 in geriatric assessment units. These indicators will serve as a basis for evaluation of @entity303 in a larger study of the quality of care in all short-term geriatric assessment units in Quebec.

title: [Validation of indicators of the management of XXXX in geriatric assessment units].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Loss-of-function mutations of the filaggrin (FLG) gene cause an impaired skin barrier and increase the risk of @entity483 . Interestingly, FLG mutations have also been found to be associated with a high risk of @entity16244 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of FLG mutations with self-reported @entity5419 , symptoms of @entity566 ( @entity566 ), and @entity167 sensitivity. METHODS: A total of 3,471 adults from the general population participated in a health examination. Information on @entity5419 , @entity566 and @entity167 sensitivity was obtained by questionnaire. FLG mutation carriers were defined as having at least one null mutation allele of @entity14298 or @entity14299 . @entity3749 ( @entity3749 ) was defined as the C/C genotype of the @entity41843 polymorphism. RESULTS: FLG mutations were associated with a higher risk of self-reported @entity566 to eggs (OR 3.22 and 95% CI 1.46-7.11), milk (OR 2.10 and 95% CI 1.12-3.92), fish (OR 4.54 and 95% CI 1.88-10.96) and @entity3505 (OR 3.59 and 95% CI 1.61-8.02), but not with symptoms of @entity566 (OR 1.05 and 95% CI 0.73-1.51). Serum-specific IgE was measured in a subsample and confirmed the association between FLG and IgE to milk. A significant gene-by-gene interaction between FLG and @entity3749 was observed in relation to self-reported @entity566 to milk. Furthermore, FLG mutations were associated with a higher risk of @entity167 sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: We found that loss-of-function mutations in the FLG gene were significantly associated with self-reported @entity5419 and @entity167 sensitivity, but not with @entity566 . These findings, if confirmed, support the idea that skin barrier functions may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity5419 .

title: Association between loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene and self-reported XXXX and @entity167 sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies']

entities_list: @entity16244 :: ('MESH:D021183', 'Disease') :: ['peanut allergy']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['OAS', 'allergy', 'oral allergy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3749 :: ('MESH:D007787', 'Disease') :: ['Primary lactose intolerance', 'PLI']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: Biogenic @entity4478 are important neuroactive molecules of the central nervous system (CNS) of several insect species. @entity750 ( @entity750 ), @entity935 (DA), @entity112 (HA), and @entity11879 (OA) are the @entity4478 which have been extensively studied in @entity238 . Each one of the four aminergic neuronal systems exhibits a stereotypic pattern of a small number of neurons that are widely distributed in the @entity238 CNS. In this review, histochemical and immunocytochemical data on the distribution of the @entity6115 neurons in the larval and adult nervous system, are summarized. The majority of DA and @entity750 neurons are interneurons, most of which are found in bilateral clusters. @entity750 innervation is found in the feeding apparatus as well as in the endocrine organ of the larva, the ring gland. The octopaminergic neuronal population consists of both interneurons and efferent neurons. In the larval CNS all OA immunoreactive somata are localized in the midline of the ventral ganglion while in the adult CNS both unpaired neurons and bilateral clusters of immunoreactive cells are observed. One target of OA innervation is the abdominal muscles of the larval body wall where OA immunoreactivity is associated with the type II boutons in the axonal terminals. @entity112 is mainly found in all photoreceptor cells where it is considered to be the major neurotransmitter molecule, and in specific mechanosensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Similarities between specific aminergic neurons and innervation sites in @entity238 and in other insect species are discussed. In addition, studies on the development and differentiation of @entity750 and DA neurons are reviewed and data on the localization of @entity750 , DA, and OA receptors are included as well. Finally, an overview on the isolation of the genes and the mutations in the @entity6115 biosynthetic pathways is presented and the implications of the molecular genetic approach in @entity238 are discussed.

title: Biogenic @entity6115 systems in the @entity238 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11879 :: ('MESH:D009655', 'Chemical') :: ['octopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5HT', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila', 'fly']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: @entity171 inhibit @entity79 that may be stimulated by @entity1582 cells. By this way, bisphosphonates carry the potential to lower the number of new @entity174 , of hypercalcaemic events, and of intensity of bone @entity158 as was published earlier. @entity19160 has been administered orally in most clinical studies so far despite of its poor bioavailability from the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of our study was to evaluate @entity79 ( @entity79 ) changes in 34 newly diagnosed @entity1582 @entity1 regularly treated by 900 mg of @entity19160 in slow intravenous infusions on an outpatient basis in two-week intervals for at least 24 months. @entity79 was evaluated by CT scanning every six months. Initial values of trabecular @entity79 were only about 60 per cent of age- and sex-adjusted healthy population values. @entity19160 therapy seemed to preserve @entity79 within the period of two or three years. This effect was seen not only in @entity1 responding to chemotherapy but even in the small subgroup of @entity1 with persisting active disease. We conclude that the long-term intravenous @entity19160 therapy may contribute to the preservation of @entity79 and thus @entity692 in bones in @entity1582 @entity1 concomitantly treated by chemotherapy. The administration of @entity19160 should start early in the course of disease, before @entity79 has been markedly reduced.

title: Bone mineral density in @entity1582 @entity1 after intravenous XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pathological fractures']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclastic bone destruction', 'bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate', 'Clodronate']

answer: @entity19160 :: (MESH:D004002,Chemical) :: ['clodronate']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the phase of menstrual cycle influences the incidence of @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) in @entity1 undergoing general anesthesia for elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, blinded study. SETTING: General hospital, Postanesthesia Care Unit, and gynecologic floor room. @entity1 : 111 ASA physical status 1 and 2 @entity1 , aged 18 to 53 years. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were classified into three groups according to the phase of menstrual cycle at the time of anesthesia: Group F1: follicular phase (menstrual days 1-8; n = 34); Group O2: ovulatory phase (days 9-15; n = 40); and Group L3: luteal phase (days 16 to end of cycle; n = 37). Anesthetic, @entity282 management, and antiemetic regimens were standardized. MEASUREMENTS: Frequency of @entity390 , @entity391 , or both were assessed for early (0-2 hrs). Late @entity1209 (2-24 hrs) along with the use of rescue antiemetic, severity of @entity390 , and @entity158 . MAIN RESULTS: In the follicular (n = 34), ovulatory (n = 40) and luteal phase (n = 37) groups, the frequencies of @entity1209 over 24 hours were 35%, 38%, and 14% (P = 0.04), respectively. This was due to differences in the early postoperative period where the frequencies were 21%, 25%, and 3% (P = 0.02), respectively, as frequencies were similar in the late period (15%, 20% and 14%, P = 0.71), respectively. Nausea scores, rescue antiemetic usage, @entity158 scores, and opioid consumption were similar in the groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1 in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle may have a decreased risk of @entity1209 after laparoscopic gynecological surgery in the early postoperative period.

title: Influence of the menstrual cycle on the incidence of XXXX and @entity391 after laparoscopic gynecological surgery: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity158 and discomfort arising from the routine care of intubated @entity1 in the ICU is managed by continuous infusion of narcotic and sedative drugs. There is benefit in keeping infusion rates low because lightening sedation improves clinical outcome, but this risks @entity158 . Management of this discomfort by bolus administration could permit lower background infusion rates, but the lowest effective bolus dose of @entity681 to achieve this is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effective analgesic dose in 90% of intubated @entity1 (ED90) in the ICU given bolus @entity681 . @entity158 was assessed using a @entity158 ( @entity158 ) requiring a score of 3-4 during moving to the lateral decubitus position. DESIGN: Prospective, dose response study. SETTING: A 16-bed multidisciplinary ICU in a French university hospital. Study period was from January to June 2010. @entity1 : Intubated and ventilated @entity1 were eligible for the study once they had reached a @entity158 of 3 or 4 and Ramsay score of 3-5 within 48h of admission to the ICU. INTERVENTION: The analgesic efficacy of a @entity681 bolus was measured during successive lateral decubitus positioning over a 72-h study period, using the @entity158 scale. The dose was increased with each subsequent turn to lateral decubitus until a @entity158 score of 3-4 was obtained (dose escalation, starting at zero). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 , Ramsay score, heart rate and mean arterial pressure were collected before and during each procedure. RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity1 were enrolled over 6 months. The ED90 bolus for @entity681 was 0.15 gkg, but 40% of the @entity1 subsequently demonstrated increased @entity158 with this dose. CONCLUSION: The effective dose in 90% was 0.15 gkg during the first 5 days of sedation. There were no adverse effects. A pre-emptive @entity681 bolus can be used to treat anticipated @entity158 in the ICU. Regular and frequent assessments of acute @entity158 and sedation are essential for adjusting the dose, on a case-by-case basis. This strategy may help clinicians to keep background infusions of sedatives and narcotics as low as possible and may improve clinical outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01356732.

title: The 90% effective dose of a @entity681 bolus for the management of painful positioning in intubated XXXX in the ICU.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['BPS', 'breakthrough pain', 'Pain', 'Behavioural Pain Scale', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of @entity2507 for total-body-water (TBW) determination in @entity1 with short bowel because ileostomy losses of labeled water can falsify TBW. Thirteen adult short-bowel @entity1 were studied after an overnight fast. Saliva, blood, urine and ileostomy output were collected before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 240, and 360 min after oral ingestion of 0.88 g/kg of 2.5% @entity2507 to measure @entity14682 abundance by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. TBW was calculated from the dilution of the isotopic water in saliva and plasma. The quantity of labeled water lost in the ileostomy was calculated from the isotopic enrichment of the ileostomy output from T0 to T360. The values obtained from saliva or plasma with (corrected) and without (uncorrected) considering @entity2507 lost in the ileostomy output were compared with a paired t test. Agreement was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method. From T0 to T360, the ileostomy output and the percentage of lost labeled water were 490 +/- 314 mL and 6.38 +/- 8.52%, respectively. TBW calculated from plasma or saliva isotopic enrichment was different, and a significant difference was also observed between corrected and uncorrected TBW values (saliva: uncorrected TBW = 32.35 +/- 7.52 L, corrected TBW = 30.29 +/- 6.09 L; plasma; uncorrected TBW = 30.80 +/- 7.29 L, corrected TBW = 28.79 +/- 5.79 L). The agreement between the values obtained from the two dilution spaces or between the two calculation methods was poor. Because of the large discrepancies between calculation methods, determination of TBW from oral ingestion of @entity14682 -labeled water in @entity1 with short bowel should be calculated only from plasma @entity14682 space dilution and should consider ileostomy losses.

title: Total-body-water measurement with XXXX -labeled water in short-bowel @entity1 with an ileostomy.

answer: @entity14682 :: (CHEBI:33815,Chemical) :: ['(18)O']


abstract: The pharmacologic disposition of @entity43996 ( @entity11059 ) was studied in @entity19 , @entity35 , @entity235 , and monkeys. @entity3209 - @entity11059 was utilized to follow plasma and tissue levels and patterns of excretion. Plasma radioactivity curves were multiphasic with an initial rapid component (half-life = 12-18 mins) followed by a much slower decline (half-life = approximately 3 days). As time progressed after the injection, an increasing fraction of the total plasma radioactivity was found to be associated with plasma proteins and was @entity2974 ( @entity2974 ) insoluble. @entity11059 interacts extensively with proteins and small molecules both in vivo and in vitro, forming complexes that do not dissociate under physiologic conditions. The pharmacologic disposition of @entity11059 is dependent upon the relative extent of @entity11059 interaction with protein macromolecules versus small transportable molecules. The major route of excretion was urinary with less than 50% of the dose excreted during the first 24 hours after iv administration in all species studied. @entity11059 was recovered in the urine as complexes with urine constituents. There was no preferential uptake of @entity11059 by any organ. All radioactivity remaining 24 hours after @entity11059 administration was associated with plasma and cellular proteins and was nondiayzable and @entity2974 insoluble. @entity11059 was not a substrate for @entity264 oxidase and did not inhibit the activity of this enzyme.

title: Pharmacologic disposition of XXXX ( @entity43996 ) in @entity19 , @entity35 , @entity235 , and monkeys.

entities_list: @entity43996 :: ('MESH:C007390', 'Chemical') :: ['inosine dialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity2974 :: ('CHEBI:30956', 'Chemical') :: ['TCA', 'trichloracetic acid']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

answer: @entity43996 :: (MESH:C007390,Chemical) :: ['inosine dialdehyde']


abstract: Immunosuppressive therapy, and particularly @entity288 with or without @entity500 , can achieve a remission in more than 80% of @entity1 with @entity775 ( @entity775 ). By contrast, the usefulness of corticosteroid therapy in severe forms of @entity775 remains a subject of debate. Between 1986 and 2005, 16 @entity1 (14 females, 2 males; mean age: 36.6 +/- 13.1 yr) presenting with acute, severe, or fulminant disease due to type 1 @entity775 (n = 13) or type 2 @entity775 (n = 3) were admitted to our liver intensive care unit. At admission, 10 of 16 (62.5%) @entity1 presented with @entity75 . Median international normalized ratio (INR), @entity648 , @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT), and @entity1011 values were 5.36 (range, 1.7-12.2), 425 micromol/L (range, 278-850), 678 IU/L (range, 60-2867), and 72 muicrool/L (range, 52-133), respectively. A total of 12 @entity1 received corticosteroid therapy: 8 had started in the referring center a median of 2.5 days (range, 1-89) previously, and this therapy was initiated in 4 @entity1 at their admission to our unit (median: 2 days; range: 0-5). Four @entity1 were not treated because of a rapid deterioration in their @entity775 . Before treatment, 4 of 12 @entity1 had been suffering from @entity75 . The median duration of corticosteroid therapy was 7 days (range: 2-135). Of 16 @entity1 , 13 underwent liver transplantation (LT) (81%), at which time all were encephalopathic. Median values for INR, total @entity648 , and ALT were 7.2 (range: 3.3-15.9), 400 micromol/L (range: 301-550), and 706 IU/L (range: 69-1,932), respectively, at the time of transplantation. All @entity1 treated with @entity288 had experienced a clinical ( @entity75 ) and biochemical (Model for End-Stage @entity409 [MELD] score) deterioration at the time of transplantation. Histological findings did not reveal any features of underlying @entity409 . Of the 13 @entity1 undergoing transplantation, 10 had received prior corticosteroid therapy. Of the 2 nontransplanted @entity1 treated with @entity288 , a clinical improvement was observed in only 1 @entity1 . Severe septic complications occurred in 3 @entity1 under corticosteroid therapy (gram-negative @entity295 n = 2; disseminated aspergillus n = 1). Nine of the treated @entity1 are still alive; 1 died after liver transplantation (LT) (recurrence of @entity775 , acute @entity788 , @entity295 ), 1 survived without LT, and 1 died without LT. Among the untreated @entity1 , 3 survived after LT and 1 died without LT. In conclusion, corticosteroid therapy is of little benefit in severe and fulminant forms of @entity775 ; it may favor septic complications and should not delay LT.

title: Usefulness of @entity288 for the treatment of severe and fulminant forms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'septicemia']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In-stent @entity256 is caused by the neointimal @entity1373 , which involves abnormal growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) is known to be a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. We therefore studied the role of an @entity9188 eluting stent in the prevention of @entity256 in a @entity95 iliac artery model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bare stents, or stents coated with @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) and either 40 microg of @entity9188 , 180 microg of @entity1311 or vehicle were implanted into the left proximal iliac arteries of @entity95 . The delivery of drugs from stents in vitro and in vivo was evaluated by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Histomorphometric measurements at 7 or 28 days showed that, comparing to @entity95 receiving the @entity15274 stent, in animals treated with @entity9188 eluting or @entity1311 eluting stent @entity8233 thickness was reduced by 50% and 46%, the absolute neointimal area was reduced by 53% and 44%, while the absolute luminal area was increased by 46% and 43%, respectively. There were no significant differences in @entity32 scores among @entity15274 , @entity9188 eluting and @entity1311 eluting stents. @entity9188 eluting stent induced more TUNEL-positiv VSMC than the other stents. @entity9188 levels measured in the arterial tissue were much higher than those in serum, which were nearly undetectable at 7 days after stent implantation. In in vitro studies, cultured @entity95 arterial VSMC were stimulated with @entity9188 or @entity1311 and analyzed for their cell cycle progression and apoptosis by flow cytometry and electron microscopy. @entity9188 treatment resulted in a reduction of VSMC number in G1 phase with a concomitant increase in apoptosis of VSMC, whereas @entity1311 treatment led to blocking of VSMC in the G2/M phase. CONCLUSION: In a @entity95 iliac artery model @entity15274 coated @entity9188 eluting stent significantly suppressed in-stent @entity256 by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of VSMC.

title: @entity4447 eluting stent reduces XXXX formation in a @entity95 iliac artery injury model.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['injury or inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity8233 :: (MESH:D058426,Disease) :: ['neointima']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 remains a leading cause of @entity5 -associated mortality worldwide and @entity1149 (NSCLC) is responsible for over 80% of @entity2 -related @entity204 . Identifying novel molecular biomarker that can inhibit the progression of @entity2 will facilitate the development of new treatment strategies. @entity15441 ( @entity15441 ) is a susceptibility gene in NSCLC. Nevertheless, the role of @entity15441 in @entity105 has not been elucidated. Herein, we demonstrated that @entity38149 is a @entity5 -suppressor miRNA in NSCLC progression. We found that expression of @entity38149 was decreased obviously in NSCLC tissues. Down-regulation of @entity38149 was associated with TNM stage and postoperative survival. Overexpression of @entity38149 inhibited the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. The @entity15441 was a direct target of @entity38149 and promoted the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Further study showed that @entity15441 could reverse the inhibitory effect of @entity38149 on growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Taken together, our data highlight the pivotal role of @entity38149 in the progression of NSCLC. Thus, @entity38149 may be a potential prognostic marker and of treatment relevance for NSCLC progression intervention.

title: MicroRNA-1976 functions as a @entity5 suppressor and serves as a prognostic indicator in XXXX by directly targeting @entity15441 .

entities_list: @entity15441 :: ('51196', 'Gene') :: ['Phospholipase C epsilon 1', 'PLCE1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC tumorigenesis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity64 is one of the leading causes of disability and @entity204 in the world. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is upregulated in several @entity16 including @entity64 . A previous animal study demonstrated an increased expression of the endocannabinoid receptor 1 ( @entity6510 ) in the penumbra area surrounding the @entity63 core, suggesting a crucial role in @entity32 /reperfusion after @entity64 . Regarding the localization of @entity6510 / @entity12332 receptors, animal studies showed that cortical neurons, activated microglia, and astroglia are involved. Our aim was to evaluate the cerebral expression of @entity6510 in the @entity63 brain areas of 9 @entity1 who died due to acute @entity385 in the middle cerebral artery territory. METHODS: The cerebral autoptic tissue was collected within 48   hours since @entity204 . @entity63 and contralateral normal-appearing areas were identified. After tissue preprocessing, 4-  m-thick cerebral sections were incubated with the primary @entity6510 antibodies (Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI). Thereafter, all cerebral sections were @entity1710 treated. In each section, the total cell number and @entity6510 -positive cells were counted and the @entity6510 -positive cell count ratio was calculated. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test was used. RESULTS: In normal tissue, @entity6510 -positive neurons were the majority; a few non-neuronal cells expressed @entity6510 . In the @entity63 areas, a few neurons were detectable. A significant increase in total @entity6510 staining was found in the @entity63 regions compared to contralateral areas. CONCLUSIONS: We found an increase in @entity6510 expression in the @entity63 region (neuronal and non-neuronal cell staining), suggesting the inflammatory reaction to the @entity63 insult. Whether such response might mediate neuroprotective actions or excitotoxicity-related detrimental effects is still unclear.

title: Expression of the Endocannabinoid Receptor 1 in @entity1 XXXX : An Autoptic Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Morphologically polarized hippocampal neurons, grown in culture for two days, contain immunoreactivity of the growth-associated protein B-50 along the plasma membrane of both dendrites and axons. In mature hippocampal neurons, both in vitro and in vivo, B-50 is located in the axon. In order to assess at which stage during neuronal differentiation B-50 is selectively located in the axon, an immuno-light and electron-microscopic study was performed on @entity35 hippocampal neurons developing in vitro. B-50 immunofluorescence was detected in the axon, dendrites and soma of two-day-old polarized neurons. Simultaneously, @entity19744 , a marker specific to dendritic microtubules, was predominantly found in the soma, the short dendritic processes and at the base of axonal growth cones. In hippocampal neurons cultured beyond seven days in vitro, @entity19744 immunofluorescence is restricted to the cell soma and dendrites. The spatial distribution of B-50, however, varies. In solitary neurons maturing without interneuronal contacts, B-50 immunofluorescence is observed in axons and in the dendrosomatic domain characterized by the presence of @entity19744 . In contrast, in high-density cell cultures B-50 immunofluorescence is absent in the cell body and dendrites, but punctate in axons running along the dendrites. Electron microscopy was carried out on hippocampal neurons of eight to 21 days in vitro to study the process of redistribution of B-50 at the subcellular level. In neurons of eight days in vitro with prominent synapses, B-50 immunoreactivity is significantly elevated at the axonal plasma membrane compared to the plasma membrane of the @entity2343 . In neurons from the same culture without synapses, B-50 immunoreactivity is distributed rather densely along the plasma membrane of the soma, dendrites, and on the axonal plasma membrane. A similar B-50 distribution is observed in mature neurons cultured at low cell density without interneuronal cell contacts, for 15 days in vitro. In high-density cell cultures of 21 days in vitro, B-50 is virtually absent at the plasma membrane of the soma and dendrites, and heterogenously distributed along the plasma membrane of axon and axonal varicosities. Our results indicate that selective sorting of B-50 into axons occurs after initial morphological polarization of hippocampal neurons and is correlated with the formation of synapses and with the cessation of dendritic outgrowth.

title: Redistribution of B-50/growth-associated protein 43 during differentiation and maturation of XXXX hippocampal neurons in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendrites and the soma']

entities_list: @entity19744 :: ('25595(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein 2']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']