abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tongxinluo ( @entity20756 ) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is developed on the meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine, with the function of alleviating the angina. The present study was undertaken to explore the molecular mechanism of @entity20756 in treating the pectoris angina through observing the effectiveness of @entity20756 superfine powder on the vasoconstriction and the activation of @entity20757 /Rho-kinase pathway induced by the injury of the adventitia. METHODS: 36 male @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 were assigned to 3 treatments (n=12): vehicle, @entity20756 (400 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) and @entity8232 (15 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). After 1 week of treatment, @entity130 was induced by positioning a @entity1346 collar around the right carotid artery for 1 week. Blood flow and vascular reactivity to @entity750 were determined 1 week after injurying, the both sides of carotids were harvested for morphometry, Western blotting analysis and RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS: @entity130 leaded to histological changes of vasoconstriction with the lumen cross-sectional area of 44.7% (p<0.001) decreasing and the media diameter of 62.31% (p<0.001) increasing, accompanying by the reduction of the blood flow and the increase of vascular reactivity sensitivity to @entity750 . Treatment with both @entity20756 superfine powder and @entity8232 can prevent the development of vasoconstriction, improve the carotid blood flow and normalize the vascular @entity56 to @entity750 . Adventitia injuring of the @entity35 carotid increased the expression of Rho-kinase mRNA and p- @entity12221 (Thr696) protein by 1.78-fold (p<0.05) and >2-fold respectively (p<0.05). @entity20756 reduced the expression of Rho-kinase mRNA and p- @entity12221 (Thr696) protein by 54.2% (p<0.05) and 57.1% (p<0.05) respectively in collared arteries. @entity8232 restrained the p- @entity12221 (Thr696) protein expression by 63.8% (p<0.05) in collared arteries, did not affect the collar-induced the increase of Rho-kinase mRNA expression (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity20756 , similar to that with @entity8232 , can effectively prevent collar-induced vasoconstriction and vascular hyperreactivity to @entity750 through inhibiting the @entity20757 /Rho-kinase pathway.

title: Effect of tongxinluo on vasoconstriction induced by the chronic injury of the adventitia in the XXXX carotid artery.

entities_list: @entity8232 :: ('MESH:C049347', 'Chemical') :: ['Fasudil', 'fasudil']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Adventitia injury', 'adventitia injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This retrospective study was done to determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of @entity1201 @entity1 in a tertiary care centre, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. In this study, we included @entity1 registered from January 2004 to December 2008 with the urban @entity1201 clinic of our tertiary care centre. Data regarding demographic details, clinical features, treatment and complications was extracted from the records of the @entity1201 clinic. 163 @entity1 attended the clinic during this period with male to female ratio of 3:1. Majority of @entity1 (47.8%) were in the middle age group (20-40 years) and 13.49% @entity1 were < 20 years of age. In the clinical disease spectrum, 53.98% @entity1 were in the borderline spectrum followed by @entity1203 (33.12%) and polar @entity4544 (5.52%). Pure neuritic and indeterminate @entity1201 accounted for 3.06% each. @entity75 were present in 7.4% of @entity1203 @entity1 . 9.2% @entity1 had definite history of contact in the family or neighborhood. 28.22% @entity1 were immigrants either from Nepal or adjoining states of Himachal Pradesh. Epidemiological studies and contact tracing can decrease the disease burden and morbidity associated with the disease. Multidrug therapy (MDT) helps preventing and reducing the disease progression, severity and disabilities.

title: Clinico-epidemiological trends of XXXX in Himachal Pradesh: a five year study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Histoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity4544 :: ('MESH:D015441', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoid leprosy']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous leprosy']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: We showed previously that the B cell response in renal transplant recipients with long-term stable graft function (ST @entity1 ) is significantly affected by T suppressor activity. To further assess the role of the monocyte/B cell compartment in B cell regulation, we tested B cell responses in 30 ST @entity1 (> 1 year after transplant) and 15 @entity1 with chronic rejection (CR @entity1 ). PWM was used for T cell-dependent B cell stimulation in an allogeneic coculture system, and SAC I for T cell- and monocyte-independent B cell stimulation. B cell responses were assessed in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay and by ELISA determination of IgM, IgG, and @entity650 in culture supernatants. In PWM-stimulated cultures of ST @entity1 , we found a diminished immunoglobulin-secreting cell (ISC) formation (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, compared with controls and CR @entity1 , respectively) and diminished IgM secretion (P = 0.06 and P < 0.01, respectively), whereas CR @entity1 and controls were not significantly different. Two of 35 (6%) controls and 3 of 15 (20%) CR @entity1 , in contrast to 20 of 30 (67%) ST @entity1 , displayed defective ISC formation (P < 0.0001). This defective B cell response may be the result of reduced @entity4210 + monocyte counts in ST @entity1 (P < 0.005), as PWM-stimulated B cell responses and @entity4210 + cell counts were significantly associated (P < 0.05, ISC and IgM response). A role of monocytes in the impairment of B cell function is further supported by decreased plasma @entity6421 levels in ST compared with CR @entity1 (P = 0.0001), a significant association between plasma neopterin and PWM-stimulated B cell responses (P < 0.05, ISC response; P = 0.0001, IgM response), and by the finding that B cell responses in ST @entity1 after monocyte-independent stimulation with SAC I were unaffected. ST and CR @entity1 showed no significant differences in B cell subsets, plasma @entity650 , or @entity650 responses of mitogen-stimulated cultures. Our data indicate that an @entity650 -independent monocyte or B cell defect plays a role in the maintenance of stable transplant function.

title: XXXX independent monocyte/B cell defect in renal transplant recipients with long-term stable graft function.

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity158 ( @entity158 ) comprises the rare heritable disorders without @entity1897 that feature inability to feel @entity158 . @entity174 and joint destruction are common complications, but lack detailed studies of mineral and skeletal homeostasis and bone histology. In 2013, discovery of a heterozygous gain-of-function mutation in @entity22591 encoding voltage-gated @entity1372 channel 1.9 ( @entity22591 ) established a distinctive @entity158 in three unrelated @entity1 who suffered multiple painless @entity174 , self-inflicted mutilation, chronic @entity294 , and @entity1119 . Here, we studied a mother and two @entity1 with @entity158 by physical examination, biochemical testing, radiological imaging including DXA, iliac crest histology, and mutation analysis. She suffered @entity174 primarily of her lower extremities beginning at age two years, and had Charcot @entity85 and @entity14884 . Nerve conduction velocity together with electromyography were normal. Her @entity1 had recurrent @entity174 beginning in early childhood, @entity14884 , and chronic @entity294 . She had an excoriated external nare, and both @entity1 had @entity1184 scars from scratching. Skin collagen studies were normal. Radiographs revealed @entity174 and @entity85 . However, lumbar spine and total hip BMD Z-scores, biochemical parameters of mineral and skeletal homeostasis, and iliac crest histology of the mother (after in vivo @entity803 labeling) were normal. Genomic DNA from the @entity1 revealed a unique heterozygous missense mutation in exon 23 ( @entity22592 , @entity22593 ) of @entity22591 that is absent in SNP databases and alters an evolutionarily conserved @entity3689 . This autosomal dominant @entity158 reflects the second gain-of-function mutation of @entity22591 . Perhaps @entity14884 is an unreported feature. How mutation of @entity22591 causes fracturing remains unexplained. Lack of injury awareness is typically offered as the reason, and was supported by our unremarkable biochemical, radiological, and histological findings indicating no skeletal pathobiology. However, low-trauma fracturing in these @entity1 suggests an uncharacterized defect in bone quality.

title: @entity158 : @entity174 without apparent skeletal pathobiology caused by an autosomal dominant, second mutation in XXXX encoding voltage-gated @entity1372 channel 1.9.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['major fractures', 'Fracturing', 'fractures']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity22593 :: ('p|SUB|L|1302|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Leu1302Phe']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['joint hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['CIP', 'pain', 'Congenital insensitivity to pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of both ankles', 'deformities']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity22591 :: (11280,Gene) :: ['SCN11A']


abstract: @entity295 has been shown to cause @entity67 , which may be related to @entity120 and increased RV afterload. This study evaluates the effects of inhaled @entity842 (NO), a selective pulmonary vasodilator, on RV function in a porcine model of @entity5694 . After an infusion of @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 200 micrograms/kg), animals were resuscitated with saline (1 mL/kg/min) and observed for 3 hours while being mechanically ventilated (Fio2 = 0.6, tidal volume = 12 mL/kg, and peak end-expiratory pressure = 5 cm @entity2507 ). The LPS group (n = 5) received no additional treatment. The NO group (n = 5) received inhaled NO (40 ppm) for the last 2 hours. The control group (n = 5) received only saline without LPS. Hemodynamic data and blood gases were collected hourly for 3 hours. LPS resulted in @entity120 and @entity67 as indexed by a decreased RV ejection fraction and increased RV end-diastolic volume. Inhaled NO significantly @entity120 and significantly increased RV ejection fraction and @entity26 delivery without adverse effects. In conclusion, inhaled NO significantly improved @entity120 and @entity67 in a porcine model of @entity5694 and should be a useful therapeutic modality in selected septic @entity1 .

title: Effects of inhaled XXXX on right ventricular function in endotoxin shock.

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'decreased pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular (RV) dysfunction', 'RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, risk factors, and mortality rate of @entity344 in @entity1 with @entity131 and to derive methods by which mortality can be reduced. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Regional tertiary care center. @entity1 : Consecutive sample of 1952 @entity1 with @entity131 with complete medical records who were admitted from 1981 through 1990. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gastrointestinal tract complications, age, sex, time from injury to admission, cause of injury, level of @entity130 , @entity51 , @entity542 , injury to other organ systems, incidence of surgical intervention for @entity130 , length of hospital stay, and mortality rate. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity344 was 1.9%. @entity360 was the most frequent complication. Risk factors for @entity344 were increasing age (P < .02), male sex (P < .01), injury to other organ systems (P < .02), @entity542 (P < .02), cervical @entity130 (P < .02), and @entity51 (P < .005). The mortality rate was 19% in @entity1 with @entity344 , significantly greater (P < .005) than the 2.9% rate in @entity1 without @entity344 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity344 after @entity131 are uncommon but frequently lethal. Prophylaxis against @entity548 and earlier diagnosis and surgical intervention are recommended.

title: Gastrointestinal tract complications after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute spine injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complications', 'Gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['acute spine injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The spring-loaded syringe is a loss of resistance syringe that provide a more objective sign that the epidural space has been entered compared with the traditional techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the time required to locate the epidural space and the backache incidence with the spring-loaded (SL), loss of resistance (LOR) and the @entity1163 ( @entity1163 ) techniques for @entity616 in @entity1 undergoing transurethral resection procedure. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 undergoing transurethral resections were enrolled in the study. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Epidural block was performed in the first group with a spring-loaded syringe (n=20), in the second group with loss-of-resistance syringe (n=20), and in the third group with the @entity1163 technique (n=20). The required time to locate the epidural space, the number of attempts, the incidence of dural puncture and the backache incidence were assessed during the procedure and for four weeks after the procedure in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The required time to locate the epidural space was 29.1    9.16 seconds in Group 1; 45.25    19.58 seconds in Group 2, and 47.35    11.42 seconds in Group 3 (p<0.001). In Group 1 this was significantly shorter than the other two groups. There was no significant difference in the number of attempts, the incidence of dural puncture and backache incidence between the three groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of SL syringe was found to have a shorter time period to locate the epidural space when compared with the LOR syringe and @entity1163 technique.

title: Comparison of spring-loaded, loss of resistance and @entity1163 techniques in lumbar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'hanging drop']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['epidural blocks']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['epidural blocks']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) to prevent local recurrence is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effect of pCND on local recurrence in @entity3557 . METHODS: Exhaustive search of online search engines identified five retrospective studies that compared the local recurrence rates of @entity3557 in @entity1 without clinically detectable @entity66 in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy + pCND (group A) to those undergoing thyroidectomy alone (group B). A meta-analysis was performed by the fixed effects method. Recurrence was documented by imaging, thyroglobulin detection, or reoperation. Location of recurrence was identified in either the central or lateral neck compartment. RESULTS: A total of 1264 @entity1 were included, 396 in group A and 868 in group B. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 27 years. The overall recurrence rate was 2.02% in group A versus 3.92% in group B (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.48-2.31). The recurrence rate in the central neck compartment in group A was 1.86% compared to 1.68% in group B (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 0.44-3.91). The recurrence rate in the lateral neck compartment in group A was 3.73% compared to 3.79% in group B (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.52-2.75). There was no statistically significant difference in the OR in the local recurrence between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis indicates that pCND does not greatly reduce local recurrence in @entity259 . However, the available studies have substantial limitations and a prospective multicenter study to determine the indications for pCND is warranted.

title: Prophylactic central neck dissection and local recurrence in XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess metabolic parameters in @entity1 with @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) before and after 3 months treatment with a flexible dose @entity4481 . METHODS: This is a prospective clinical trial. The metabolic parameters observed and recorded after 3 months treatment with a flexible dose @entity4481 (n=331). RESULTS: The lipid profile parameters were significantly improved after treatment, total @entity165 , TC (P<0.01, 95% CI, 25.91-41.98), low-density lipoprotein, LDL (P<0.01, 95% CI, 21.11-34.80), @entity1674 , TG (P<0.001, 95% CI, 56.43-79.26), all the three parameters significantly decreased while high-density lipoprotein, HDL, significantly increased (P<0.05, 95% CI, -8.61 to -5.51). Microalbumin mean was 16  1.39 before treatment versus 6.5  0.59 after treatment. Glycolated hemoglobin, HbA1c mean was 9.6  0.099 before @entity4481 therapy and 7.6   0.06 after. BMI mean was 33.5  0.45 before versus 31.1  0.33 after (P<0.001). HbA1C was positively correlated with @entity1897 severity before treatment (r=0.18, P<0.01). Same results were observed with weight and waist circumference (r=0.17, P<0.01, r=0.14, P<0.05 respectively). Oral anti @entity6 medications (OAD) were also positively correlated to @entity1897 severity before treatment (r=0.115, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prompt treatment of @entity1897 has a significant effect on the metabolic parameters.

title: Metabolic parameters in @entity6 XXXX after treatment with @entity4481 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['DPN', 'diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Thrombolysis and @entity556 Inhibition in @entity583 (TIMI) 9A trial compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous hirudin with heparin as adjunctive therapy to thrombolysis and @entity117 in @entity1 with @entity583 . The primary safety end point was the occurrence of major @entity548 or @entity2021 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on experience in phase II trials, TIMI 9A used a hirudin bolus of 0.6 mg/kg followed by a fixed-dose 96-hour infusion of 0.2 mg/kg per hour. A modified weight-adjusted heparin regimen was used (5000-U bolus and infusion of 1000 U/h for @entity1 < 80 kg or 1300 U/h for @entity1 > or = 80 kg) with titration to a target activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 60 to 90 seconds. Because rates of @entity548 in both treatment arms were higher than expected, randomization was suspended in TIMI 9A after 757 @entity1 had been enrolled. @entity932 occurred in 1.7% of @entity1 treated with hirudin and 1.9% of those treated with heparin (P = NS). Major spontaneous @entity548 at a nonintracranial site occurred more frequently in hirudin--than in heparin-treated @entity1 (7.0% versus 3.0%; P = .02), whereas major @entity548 at instrumented sites was similar (5.2% in both hirudin and heparin groups). @entity1 who developed a major @entity548 were older (P < .001) and had higher aPTT values, especially in the first 12 hours after thrombolysis (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of major spontaneous @entity548 for both heparin and hirudin in TIMI 9A was higher than that seen in TIMI 5, TIMI 6, and GUSTO 1. This was possibly a result of high levels of anticoagulation at the doses of heparin and hirudin used, low previous estimates of the @entity548 risk at the doses of hirudin used in TIMI 9A due to the relatively small number of @entity1 receiving that dose in earlier studies, and enrollment of @entity1 at higher risk of @entity548 . Because a prolonged aPTT was associated with an increased risk of major @entity548 in both heparin- and hirudin-treated @entity1 , it now appears important to monitor aPTT on a regular basis when using either antithrombin to identify those @entity1 who require downward adjustment of the infusion. TIMI 9B has therefore been configured with a lower hirudin bolus (0.1 mg/kg) and infusion (0.1 mg/kg per hour) and lower heparin infusion (1000 U/h without weight adjustment). Infusions of both antithrombins will be titrated to a target aPTT of 55 to 85 seconds.

title: Hirudin in @entity583 . Safety report from the Thrombolysis and XXXX Inhibition in @entity583 (TIMI) 9A Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['Thrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise interventions often aim to affect @entity1144 and @entity413 tolerance, two significant risk factors for type 2 @entity6 . Because of limited financial and clinical resources in community and university-based environments, intervention effects are often measured with interviews or questionnaires and correlated with @entity353 or body fat indicated by body bioimpedence analysis (BIA). However, self-reported assessments are subject to high levels of bias and low levels of reliability. Because @entity28 and body fat are correlated with @entity6 at different levels in various ethnic groups, data reflecting changes in weight or fat do not necessarily indicate changes in @entity6 risk. To determine how exercise interventions affect @entity6 risk in community and university-based settings, improved evaluation methods are warranted. METHODS: We compared a noninvasive, objective measurement technique--regional BIA--with whole-body BIA for its ability to assess @entity1144 and predict @entity413 tolerance in 39 @entity1 . To determine regional BIA's utility in predicting @entity413 , we tested the association between the regional BIA method and blood @entity413 levels. RESULTS: Regional BIA estimates of abdominal fat area were significantly correlated (r = 0.554, P < 0.003) with @entity4053 @entity413 . When waist circumference and family history of @entity6 were added to abdominal fat in multiple regression models, the association with @entity413 increased further (r = 0.701, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Regional BIA estimates of abdominal fat may predict @entity4053 @entity413 better than whole-body BIA as well as provide an objective assessment of changes in @entity6 risk achieved through physical activity interventions in community settings.

title: Developing an objective evaluation method to estimate XXXX risk in community-based settings.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The expression of @entity40 ( @entity40 ) and @entity7229 was investigated immunohistochemically in 104 experimental @entity11 induced by transplancental application of @entity330 ( @entity331 ) in CDF @entity35 . Immunoreactivity for @entity7229 was prominent in many @entity5 cells and especially in small @entity11 cells forming anaplastic @entity2946 -like foci in many @entity5 . The majority of @entity5 cells in @entity5 were @entity7229 negative, except for some of the large polymorphous @entity3271 which contained intermingled @entity7229 positive @entity11 cells. @entity40 immunoreactivity was detectable only in a low fraction of @entity5 astrocytes and in a few exceptional cases some @entity5 cells stained positive. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against neurofilaments and cytokeratins revealed no staining in @entity5 cells of @entity331 -induced @entity11 , while all @entity5 stained positive for @entity12889 . Immunocytological and immunoblot investigations of the two @entity35 @entity11 cell clones RG2 and F98, which are both derived from @entity331 -induced @entity11 , showed a prominent expression of @entity7229 in monolayer cultures and in @entity5 . F98 additionally demonstrated a fraction of @entity40 positive cells especially in confluent cultures and in @entity5 . RG2, on the other hand, exhibited virtually no @entity40 immunoreactivity in culture but showed individual @entity40 positive @entity5 cells in @entity5 . Our results revealed a more precise picture of the cellular differentiation in @entity331 -induced @entity35 @entity11 and in two widely used @entity11 cell lines. They underline the heterogeneity of experimental @entity35 @entity11 which may comprise cells at different stages of differentiation towards oligodendroglial or astroglial phenotype.

title: Expression of XXXX and @entity40 in @entity330 -induced @entity35 @entity11 and @entity11 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylnitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'astrocytic tumor', 'oligodendroglial tumor', 'oligodendrogliomatous tumors', 'oligodendroglial tumors', 'intracerebral tumors', 'syngeneic intracerebral transplantation tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity7229 :: (81818(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['vimentin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish a quantitative system for evaluating the role of circulating @entity5 cells (CTC) in peripheral blood samples in @entity1 who undergo surgery for treatment of @entity418 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: One hundred fifty-five peripheral blood samples from 53 @entity418 @entity1 were collected before surgery (B-1), immediately after surgery (B0), and on the 3rd day postoperatively (B+3). Eighty-nine samples from 22 benign @entity1 who underwent thoracotomy and 30 healthy volunteers were obtained as controls. A real-time reverse transcription-PCR quantitative analysis system based on @entity787 ( @entity787 ) mRNA gene expression was designed for detection of CTC. RESULTS: This developed system can detect @entity787 mRNA-positive cells down to 3 cells per milliliter of peripheral blood. The cells in negative control groups were lower than the detection limit. The medians of 188 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 155-498], 1513 (95% CI, 660-7,974) and 707 (95% CI, 737-3,005) @entity787 mRNA-positive cells per mL with the @entity787 -positive rates of 28.3%, 60.4%, and 42.9% in B-1, B0, and B+3 peripheral blood samples were obtained, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between @entity7444 (P=0.0001) and between @entity7445 (P=0.0209). Fifty percent of @entity1 with R>0.4 showed @entity3 in 1 year after surgery, whereas the probability was only 14.3% for @entity1 with R<0.4 (where R is CTC ratio of B+3 to B0, P=0.043). CONCLUSIONS: @entity418 operation results in @entity5 cells dissemination and significant increase of CTC in peripheral blood, which is related to the developed @entity3 . CTC are helpful for evaluating micrometastasis and have the potential for predicting recurrence in @entity418 .

title: Circulating XXXX cells in perioperative @entity418 @entity1 : quantitative assay system and potential clinical utility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the prevalence of receipt of special education services among @entity1 with @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) compared with @entity1 without @entity600 . METHODS: @entity1 born from 1982 to 2004 in metropolitan Atlanta with @entity4297 (n = 3744) were identified from a population-based @entity600 surveillance program; @entity1 without @entity600 (n = 860   715) were identified from birth certificates. Cohorts were linked to special education files for the 1992-2012 school years to identify special education services. @entity1 with @entity9964 or @entity74 were excluded; @entity1 with @entity4297 were classified by presence or absence of critical @entity4297 (ie, @entity4297 requiring intervention by age one year). We evaluated the prevalence of receipt of special education services and prevalence rate ratios using @entity1 without @entity600 as a reference. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 without @entity600 , @entity1 with @entity4297 were 50% more likely to receive special education services overall (adjusted prevalence rate ratio [aPRR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-1.7). Specifically, they had higher prevalence of several special education categories including: @entity717 (aPRR = 3.8; 95% CI: 2.8-5.1), sensory impairment (aPRR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.8-5.0), other @entity73 (aPRR = 2.8; 95% CI: 2.2-3.5), significant @entity245 (aPRR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.8), and specific @entity4207 (aPRR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.7). For most special education services, the excess prevalence did not vary by presence of critical @entity4297 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity4297 received special education services more often than @entity1 without @entity600 . These findings highlight the need for special education services and the importance of developmental screening for all @entity1 with @entity4297 .

title: XXXX and Receipt of Special Education Services.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity9964 :: ('MESH:C566351', 'Disease') :: ['noncardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['health impairment']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disability']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHDs', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['Congenital Heart Defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Potential cost and effectiveness of a nephrologist/nurse-based multifaceted intervention for stage 3 to 4 @entity740 are not known. This study examines the cost-effectiveness of a chronic disease management model for @entity740 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Cost and cost-effectiveness were prospectively gathered alongside a multicenter trial. The Canadian Prevention of Renal and Cardiovascular Endpoints Trial (CanPREVENT) randomized 236 @entity1 to receive usual care (controls) and another 238 @entity1 to multifaceted nurse/nephrologist-supported care that targeted factors associated with development of kidney and @entity65 (intervention). Cost and outcomes over 2 years were examined to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of the intervention. Base-case analysis included disease-related costs, and sensitivity analysis included all costs. RESULTS: Consideration of all costs produced statistically significant differences. A lower number of days in hospital explained most of the cost difference. For both base-case and sensitivity analyses with all costs included, the intervention group required fewer resources and had higher quality of life. The direction of the results was unchanged to inclusion of various types of costs, consideration of payer or societal perspective, changes to the discount rate, and levels of GFR. CONCLUSIONS: The nephrologist/nurse-based multifaceted intervention represents good value for money because it reduces costs without reducing quality of life for @entity1 with @entity740 .

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of a randomized trial comparing care models for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Too vigorous exercise or activity increase frequently triggers postexertional malaise in @entity1 with @entity5815 / @entity5815 (ME/CFS), a primary characteristic evident in up to 95% of @entity1 with ME/CFS. The present study aimed at examining whether two different types of exercise results in changes in health status, circulating elastase activity, interleukin (IL)-1beta and complement @entity10287 levels. DESIGN: Comparative experimental design. SETTING: University. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two @entity1 with ME/CFS and 22 healthy sedentary controls INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were subjected to a submaximal exercise (day 8) and a self-paced, physiologically limited exercise (day 16). Each bout of exercise was preceded and followed by blood sampling, actigraphy and assessment of their health status. RESULTS: Both submaximal exercise and self-paced, physiologically limited exercise resulted in postexertional malaise in @entity1 with ME/CFS. However, neither exercise bout altered elastase activity, @entity1356 or complement @entity10287 split product levels in @entity1 with ME/CFS or healthy sedentary control subjects (P > 0.05). Postexercise complement @entity10287 level was identified as a clinically important biomarker for postexertional malaise in @entity1 with ME/CFS. CONCLUSIONS: Submaximal exercise as well as self-paced, physiologically limited exercise triggers postexertional malaise in @entity1 with ME/CFS, but neither types of exercise alter acute circulating levels of @entity1356 , complement @entity10287 split product or elastase activity. Further studying of immune alterations in relation to postexertional malaise in @entity1 with ME/CFS using multiple measurement points postexercise is required.

title: Unravelling the nature of postexertional malaise in @entity5815 / @entity5815 : the role of elastase, complement @entity10287 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'myalgic encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1beta']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the efficacy of anorectal biofeedback (AB) for @entity1142 compared to a biofeedback control (BC) treatment and (2) to examine the extent to which self-reported childhood @entity458 predicted biofeedback outcome. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity3087 were randomized to either (1) an AB arm, where @entity1 learned to isolate the anal sphincter using an electromyography probe, or (2) a BC arm that controlled for the nonspecific effects of biofeedback, where @entity1 learned to relax trapezius or temporalis muscles with EMG feedback. Both treatments were delivered by registered nurses for six sessions. Prior to randomization and post-treatment, @entity1 completed the validated Constipation Severity Instrument and two measures of quality of life (QOL), the Irritable Bowel Syndrome-QOL, and the SF-36. Generalized estimating equations examined the within-group and between-group differences over time. RESULTS: Pre- and post-treatment data were obtained for six AB and nine BC @entity1 . AB @entity1 ' overall @entity1142 severity scores decreased by 35.5% (vs. 15.3%), and their obstructive defecation symptom scores decreased by 37.9% (vs. 19.7%) compared to BC. A similar pattern was shown on the IBS-QOL. On the SF-36 @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), AB scores improved 28.0% compared to BC scores, which worsened 12.7%. Those without (vs. with) a childhood @entity458 history showed improvement on the @entity1032 post-biofeedback. CONCLUSIONS: While our sample was statistically underpowered, AB produced clinical improvements in @entity1142 severity and QOL.

title: A randomized controlled trial of anorectal biofeedback for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Health Composite', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual/physical abuse']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: This study reviews 16 cases of @entity12651 of the upper extremity after mastectomy for @entity0 ( @entity12652 ) was done at the author's institution from 1970 to 1992. @entity12651 was diagnosed an average of 10.6 years (range, 5.6-18 years) after the diagnosis of @entity0 . Presenting signs included a @entity2981 (6 @entity1 ); increased swelling (4); a red, raised lesion (2); a palpable mass (2); a blister appearance (1); and a non-healing eschar with @entity548 (1). After biopsy, surgical treatment included forequarter amputation (8 @entity1 ), wide excision with grafting (5), and above-elbow amputation (1). Local recurrence of the @entity12651 occurred on the chest wall in 11 of the 16 @entity1 after an average of 10.9 months. @entity3 occurred in 11 @entity1 . ( @entity3 occurred in 1 @entity1 without local recurrence, and 1 @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity12651 died of @entity0 before evidence of @entity3 .) There are 2 long-term survivors who have lived 9.3 and 6 years, respectively, since the operation. One had been treated with a forequarter amputation and the other with wide excision. Early recognition and surgical treatment seem to offer the only chance for long-term survival.

title: XXXX following mastectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['continual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['Stewart-Treves syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12651 :: ('MESH:D008204', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiosarcoma', 'Lymphangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'metastatic lymphangiosarcoma']

answer: @entity12651 :: (MESH:D008204,Disease) :: ['Lymphangiosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 and @entity65 have emerged as key threats to @entity1 health, and the risk is increased in individuals with @entity1144 . The consensus is that physical exercise should be part of the treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of guided and structured physical exercise programs (SPEP), three to five times per week, during a period of 20 weeks, on glycemic control and body composition of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 (DM2). METHODS: The research was conducted at the Universidade Federal de S  o Paulo (Federal University School of @entity2837 in S  o Paulo). At the clinical visit, @entity1 from the Control Group ( @entity2478 ) n=17, mean age 55.8 years, were encouraged to engage in a physical exercise program. @entity1 from Group 3x (G3), n=14, mean age 57.4 years, were to engage in 1 hour of physical exercise, 3x/week, and Group 5x (G5), n=9, mean age 58.8 years, followed the same protocol but 5x/week. Mean of 5 years since diagnosis in all groups. Classes consisted of a 5-minute warm-up, 30-minute treadmill walk at 70% of maximum heart rate, and 10-minute relaxation. BMI, abdominal circumference (AC), percentage of body fat (BF), @entity2478 ( @entity2478 ), fasting glycemia (FG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed. RESULTS: A comparison was made between the baseline time point (B) and the 20th week (20th). BMI in G3 (B:29.5+/-2.9 vs. 20th: 28.3 +/- 2.2 Kg/sqm, p=0.005) and G5 (B:29.7+/-4.4 vs. 20th: 29.1 +/- 4.3 Kg/sqm, p=0.025); abdominal circumference in G5 (B:100.5+/-11.9 vs. 20th: 933 +/- 11.7 cm, p=0.001); BF in G3 (B:31+/-5.1 vs 20th: 26+/-5%, p=0.001) and G5 (B:32.4 +/- 5.4 vs. 20th: 30.3 +/- 6.9%, p=0.001); FG, G5 (B:150.8 +/- 47.5 vs. 20th: 109.2+/- 30.5 mg/dL, p=0.034), showed statistically significant differences. @entity2478 did not show statistically significant differences for these variables. @entity2478 showed a tendency to drop after physical exercise in G5. HbA1c showed no statistically significant differences in the three groups. CONCLUSION: G5 did better than G3 in most parameters assessed. However, results failed to show a decrease of HbA1c in DM2 @entity1 .

title: Effect of frequency of physical exercise on glycemic control and body composition in type 2 @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'DM', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary glycemia', 'CG']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['visceral obesity']

entities_list: @entity2837 :: ('CHEBI:23888', 'Chemical') :: ['Medicine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1412 has been postulated to mediate some of the parasite-specific T cell unresponsiveness seen in patent @entity281 . We have shown that live microfilariae of @entity2757 induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in @entity1 monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. This study addresses whether apoptosis observed in vitro extends to patent filarial infections in @entity1 and is reflected in the number of circulating myeloid DCs (mDCs; @entity2935 (-) @entity9988 (lo)) in peripheral blood of infected microfilaremic individuals. Utilizing flow cytometry to identify DC subpopulations (mDCs and plasmacytoid DCs [pDCs]) based on expression of @entity2935 and @entity9988 , we found a significant increase in numbers of circulating mDCs ( @entity2935 (+) @entity9988 (lo)) in filaria-infected individuals compared with uninfected controls from the same filaria-endemic region of Mali. Total numbers of pDCs, monocytes, and lymphocytes did not differ between the two groups. To investigate potential causes of differences in mDC numbers between the two groups, we assessed @entity436 expression on mDCs. Our data indicate that filaria-infected individuals had a lower percentage of circulating @entity16951 (+) mDCs and a higher percentage of circulating @entity5075 (+) mDCs and pDCs. Finally, live microfilariae of @entity2757 were able to downregulate cell-surface expression of @entity16951 on monocyte-derived DCs and diminish their @entity460 flux in response to stimulation by a @entity16951 ligand. These findings suggest that microfilaria are capable of altering mDC migration through downregulation of expression of some chemokine receptors and their signaling functions. These observations have major implications for regulation of immune responses to these long-lived parasites.

title: Expanded numbers of circulating myeloid dendritic cells in patent XXXX @entity281 reflect lower @entity16951 expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2757 :: ('6279', 'Species') :: ['Brugia malayi', 'B. malayi']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['filarial infection']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['APC dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Due to their extensive use as plasticisers in numerous consumer products, @entity5600 have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants. An increasing number of epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to @entity5600 may be associated with worsening or development of @entity1030 . Peroxisome Proliferation Activated Receptors ( @entity5601 )s, identified as important targets for @entity5600 in early studies in rodent liver, have been suggested as a possible mechanistic link. In this review we discuss the likelihood of an involvement of PPARs in @entity565 development and exacerbation due to pulmonary @entity5244 exposure. First, we go through the literature on indoor air levels of @entity5600 and pulmonary @entity5244 kinetics. These data are then used to estimate the pulmonary @entity5244 levels due to inhalation exposure. Secondly, the literature on @entity5244 -induced activation or modulation of PPARs is summarized. Based on these data, we discuss whether pulmonary @entity5244 exposure is likely to cause @entity5601 activation, and if this is a plausible mechanism for adverse effects of @entity5600 in the lung. It is concluded that the pulmonary concentrations of some @entity5600 may be sufficient to cause a direct activation of PPARs. Since PPARs mainly mediate anti-inflammatory effects in the lungs, a direct activation is not a likely molecular mechanism for adverse effects of @entity5600 . However, possible modulatory effects of @entity5600 on PPARs deserve further investigation, including partial antagonist effects and/or cross talk with other signalling pathways. Moreover other mechanisms, including interactions between @entity5600 and other receptors, could also contribute to possible adverse pulmonary effects of @entity5600 .

title: Pulmonary @entity5244 exposure and @entity565 - is XXXX plausible mechanistic link?

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalate']

entities_list: @entity5600 :: ('CHEBI:26092', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalates']

answer: @entity5601 :: (5465,Gene) :: ['PPAR a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prediction of biological behavior is crucial for selection of new therapeutic modalities in @entity674 . Here, we aimed to assess whether @entity2467 and @entity675 mutations have survival impact in @entity674 ( @entity674 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-five Brazilian @entity1 with completely resected @entity674 were examined for @entity2467 and @entity675 mutations. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed. RESULTS: @entity2467 and @entity675 mutations were identified in 74.5% and 7.3% of @entity1 , respectively. The 5-year DFS rate for all @entity1 was 52.8%. The 5-year DFS rate was lower in @entity1 with @entity5 having in-frame deletions or concomitant in-frame deletions and insertions affecting codons 557-558 than in @entity1 with @entity5 having other exon 11 @entity2467 mutations (p=0.023). Conversely, when the @entity1 with concomitant deletion-insertion mutations affecting codons 557-558 were excluded from the analysis, deletions involving codons 557-558 had no influence on 5-year DFS rates. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that a specific @entity2467 mutation may be associated with unfavorable behavior in @entity674 . This finding may have implications on selecting @entity1 for adjuvant therapy.

title: Prognostic relevance of XXXX and @entity675 mutations in @entity674 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

answer: @entity2467 :: (3815,Gene) :: ['KIT']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether @entity308 and @entity148 increase the risk of mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), among @entity1 with and without @entity453 ( @entity453 ). DESIGN AND SETTING, AND @entity1 : DECADE ( @entity308 Effects on Coronary Artery Disease Events) is a prospective observational study of 2390 @entity1 referred at the Montreal Heart Institute. @entity1 were followed for 8.8   years, between 1998 and 2009. @entity308 and @entity148 were assessed using a psychiatric interview (Primary Care Evaluation of @entity146 , @entity601 ). Outcomes data were obtained from Quebec provincial databases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause mortality and MACE. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, @entity1 with @entity308 were at increased risks of all-cause mortality (relative risk (RR)=2.84; 95% CI 1.25 to 6.49) compared with @entity1 without @entity308 . @entity148 was not associated with increased mortality risks (RR=0.86; 95% CI 0.31 to 2.36). When @entity1 were stratified according to @entity453 status, @entity308 increased the risk of mortality among @entity1 with no @entity453 (RR=4.39; 95% CI 1.12 to 17.21), but not among @entity1 with @entity453 (RR=2.32; 95% CI 0.78 to 6.88). Neither @entity308 nor @entity148 was associated with MACE among @entity1 with or without @entity453 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: @entity308 , but not @entity148 , was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in @entity1 without @entity453 . The present study contributes to a better understanding of the relative and unique role of @entity308 versus @entity148 among @entity1 with versus without @entity453 .

title: Relative associations between @entity308 and @entity148 on adverse cardiovascular events: does a history of XXXX matter? A prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Background and study aims: Urgent placement or replacement of pancreatic stents shortly after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) might attenuate the course of evolving post-ERCP @entity788 (PEP). @entity1 and methods: Salvage ERCP with de novo pancreatic stent placement or replacement of outwardly migrated stents was performed within 2-48 hours in @entity1 with evolving PEP accompanied by severe @entity158 , @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), and major elevations in serum amylase and lipase. Serial @entity158 scores, amylase and lipase levels, and hospital course were studied. Results: @entity7955 according to @entity2708 consensus criteria developed after 64 (2%) of 3216 ERCPs over 3 years. Of the 64 @entity1 with PEP, 14 underwent salvage ERCP (5 without and 9 with prior pancreatic stents, 7 of which had migrated outwards prematurely). All @entity1 had @entity1850 and a high score (>= 3) for the bedside index for severity in acute @entity788 . Median clinical onset of PEP was at 5 hours (range 0-68 hours) in @entity1 with prophylactic pancreatic stents vs. 2 hours (range 0.5-2.5 hours) in @entity1 without prophylactic pancreatic stents (P<0.05). Salvage ERCP was performed at a median of 10 hours (interquartile range [IQR] 2.4-22.7 hours). Improvement in @entity158 , amylase, lipase, and resolution of @entity1850 were statistically significant at 24 hours after salvage ERCP (P=0.003). Median length of hospital stay was 2 days (IQR 1-4.75). No necrotizing @entity788 or late complications occurred. Conclusion: Urgent salvage ERCP with de novo pancreatic stent placement or replacement of a migrated stent is a novel approach in the setting of early PEP, and was associated with rapid resolution of clinical @entity788 and reduction in levels of amylase and lipase.

title: Urgent ERCP with pancreatic stent placement or replacement for salvage of post-ERCP XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Technical controversies abound regarding the surgical treatment of @entity1318 . To determine the value of a concomitant antireflux procedure, the best antireflux procedure, the correct length for @entity356 , the optimal surgical approach (thoracic or abdominal), and the equivalency of minimally invasive surgery, a literature review was carried out. The review is based on 23 articles on open transabdominal or transthoracic myotomy, 14 articles on laparoscopic myotomy, and four articles on thoracoscopic myotomy. Postoperative results of traditional open thoracic or transabdominal myotomy as determined by symptomatology were better with fundoplication than without fundoplication. The incidence of postoperative reflux as proved by pH monitoring was high in @entity1 who had an open transabdominal myotomy without fundoplication. The type of antireflux procedure used and the length of @entity356 had little effect on results. The results of transthoracic Heller myotomy do not require a concomitant fundoplication. Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic myotomy had excellent results at short-term follow-up. A fundoplication must be added if the myotomy is performed transabdominally. A randomized prospective study is required to determine the best fundoplication and the extent of @entity356 . Although minimally invasive surgery for @entity1318 has excellent initial results, longer follow-up in a larger population of @entity1 is needed.

title: Surgery for XXXX : 1998.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric myotomy']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: Pneumothorax in @entity1 with @entity706 has rarely been reported. We have encountered 8 @entity1 with @entity706 with 17 episodes of pneumothorax; these episodes occurred 3 months to 8 yr in 7 @entity1 after the diagnosis of @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and in 1 @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The observed incidence of pneumothorax among 1,977 @entity1 with @entity706 was 10-fold higher than expected; this included a significantly higher incidence in @entity1 younger than 30 versus those older than 30 yr of age (1:552 versus 1:5,788 @entity1 -years, p less than 0.001), and a higher incidence in @entity1 with @entity978 than in those with @entity1893 (1:708 versus 1:5,072 @entity1 -years, p less than 0.005). There was a strong suggestion of increased risk for pneumothorax in @entity1 treated with radiotherapy as compared with @entity1 treated without irradiation (1:1,016 versus 0:1,963 @entity1 -years, p = 0.065). Apparent additional contributing factors in 6 @entity1 were lung involvement with @entity706 (n = 2), radiation @entity82 (n = 3), and @entity281 (n = 1). Pneumothorax was persistent in 5 @entity1 , bilateral in 4, and recurrent in 2. The occurrence of pneumothorax in 2 @entity1 heralded @entity204 . Management commonly required placement of chest tube (n = 9) or major surgical procedures (n = 5). We conclude that pneumothorax may be more common among @entity1 with @entity706 than previously appreciated. Young age, @entity978 , and probably radiotherapy are predisposing factors. The pneumothoraces associated with @entity706 are more complex and ominous and more difficult to manage than the usual spontaneous pneumothorax. In @entity1 with @entity706 , pneumothorax is likely to be secondary to underlying abnormality of the lung.

title: Pneumothorax associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine interobserver variability of echocardiographic characteristics of @entity47 in @entity1 with @entity884 , and (2) to assess the value of these vegetation characteristics in predicting @entity887 . Although echocardiography contributes to the diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity884 , its prognostic role in predicting @entity887 is controversial. The echocardiograms of 41 @entity1 with @entity884 were independently reviewed by 4 echocardiographers blinded to the clinical data. If a vegetation was present, the following characteristics were analyzed: involved site, size, mobility, shape, and pedunculated or sessile attachment. Each echocardiographer also made a "gestalt" estimate of embolic risk based on these vegetation characteristics. Interobserver agreement on vegetation characteristics and their relation to @entity887 was then determined using kappa statistics and logistic regression analysis. Interobserver agreement was 98% with regard to echocardiographic vegetation presence and 97% with regard to the involved site. Of the 30 @entity1 in whom @entity47 were observed, complete observer agreement was achieved with regard to size in 22 (73%), mobility in 17 (57%), shape in 11 (37%), and attachment in 12 (40%). Vegetations with a maximal diameter of > 10 mm were associated with a 50% incidence of @entity887 , compared with a 42% incidence of emboli in @entity1 with @entity47 measuring < or = 10 mm. Interobserver variability was great with respect to vegetation shape, mobility, and attachment characteristics. Echocardiographic vegetation characteristics were not helpful in defining the risk of @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity884 .

title: Value of transthoracic echocardiography in predicting @entity887 in active XXXX . @entity884 Service.

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events', 'embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is difficult to detect early @entity356 (EGC) during endoscopic surveillance because the remnant stomach is usually deformed after surgical resection and the mucosa at the gastric stump are changed due to @entity9098 . In this study, we aimed to determine the characteristic endoscopic findings of @entity5 in the remnant stomach. METHODS: Fifty-five @entity356 ( @entity356 ) @entity1 were classified into three groups according to location and elapsed time after surgery. Among 32 RGCs that developed less than 10 years after surgery, 21 lesions were located close to the @entity254 site (recurrent @entity5 ), whereas 11 lesions were not ( @entity5 ). Twenty-three @entity5 developed at least 10 years after surgery (newly developed @entity5 ). The endoscopic features were compared among these groups. RESULTS: Most @entity1 (29/32, 91%) with residual or recurrent @entity5 developed their @entity5 within five years after surgery, and the proportion of EGC was 43.8% (14/32). However, 91.3% (21/23) of newly developed @entity5 were @entity356 . When classified according to the Japanese classification system for EGC, 71% (5/7) of the @entity5 were of the elevated type, whereas 86% (6/7) of the recurrent @entity5 were of the depressed type (p=0.00). CONCLUSIONS: During the first 5 years after subtotal gastrectomy, endoscopists should mainly try to find @entity308 on the @entity254 site as well as elevated lesions on the non- @entity254 site.

title: Endoscopic Screening for Remnant XXXX : Points to be Considered.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers', 'residual cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9098 :: ('MESH:D001655', 'Disease') :: ['bile reflux']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'remnant gastric cancer', 'RGC', 'advanced gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent interest in cyst fluid analysis ( @entity3795 ) for @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen ( @entity787 ), and the introduction of laparoscopic surgery (LS) in the management of @entity99 have resulted in sporadic reports of elevated CA 19-9 and @entity787 levels in intrahepatic @entity9296 (IBC) @entity3795 , and the application of LS in the management of simple cysts. However, the role of CA 19-9 and @entity787 in the diagnosis of IBC and the role of LS in the management of IBC have not been previously defined. METHODS: We studied 34 @entity1 with IBC at a single institution (8 years). The first 12 @entity1 with IBC were managed with open surgical intervention. We subsequently developed a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for IBC that included, in the last 22 @entity1 , prospective analysis of @entity3795 for CA 19-9 and @entity787 , and LS for management RESULTS: All @entity1 with IBC who underwent @entity3795 had elevated CA 19-9 (range, 2247-1,757,510; N <33 U/mL) and mildly elevated @entity787 (range, 3.3-212,; N <3 ng/ml). In all 22 @entity1 the cyst lining consisted of biliary epithelium +/- @entity361 ( @entity361 ). In 1/22 @entity1 (highest CA 19-9 level), the cyst epithelium did not contain either @entity361 or intestinal metaplasia. In contrast, control @entity1 (simple cysts, n=8) had normal @entity3795 . In the previous 12 @entity1 managed with laparotomy, 6/12 @entity1 had biliary epithelium alone; the other 6 also contained @entity361 with 1 @entity1 exhibiting intestinal metaplasia and @entity7157 . CONCLUSIONS: We have proposed a management algorithm for IBC that incorporates @entity3795 and laproscopic surgical management that allows for selective minimally invasive cyst wall sampling for @entity1 with IBC.

title: Intrahepatic XXXX : role of cyst fluid analysis and surgical management in the laparoscopic era.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mesenchymal stroma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cysts']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity9296 :: (MESH:D003537,Disease) :: ['biliary cystadenoma']


abstract: @entity76 accounted for 10% of all @entity1313 treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Academy in Cracow in the years 1946 to 1968. It accounted for 16.6% of all @entity11 , and 57% of @entity11 . Table I shows the distribution of the @entity5 according to age groups. The male:female sex ratio was near 1.0. In 124 cases the @entity5 was situated in the cerebellar hemispheres and in 91 in the vermis. The present study is based on an analysis of 215 cases with 124 @entity5 in the hemispheres and 91 in the vermis. In the hemispheres 77.8% of @entity816 had @entity6675 , while 22.2% were solid. In the vermis 60.6% of the @entity5 had @entity6675 and 39.4% had no @entity6675 . Infiltration of the brain stem or adherence to the floor of the fourth ventricle are mentioned in the protocols of 19 operations. The most frequent @entity5 in childhood and adolescence was @entity816 , in adulthood fibrillary and @entity816 prevailed. In 10 cases of the last mentioned variety evidence of @entity4575 was found. In the first four years when all operations were performed under local analgesia or rectal general anaesthesia the operative mortality was 21.5%, and in the subgroup of 40 first cases it was even 25%. After introduction of endotracheal anaesthesia the operative mortality fell to 13%, and in the subgroup of 40 last cases it was 9%. Detailed data about follow-up observations are available in 93 cases. Thirteen of them were disabled because of complete or nearly complete @entity1018 . Nine of them completed schools for the blind and work in gainful occupations ad two founded families. Three @entity1 are completely disabled because of equilibrium disturbances and @entity2055 . Two @entity1 attended a special school. The remaining 85 @entity1 regarded themselves as healthy. This group comprised 66 @entity1 operated upon at the age from 2 to 14 years, 12 were treated at the age from 15 to 21 years and 7 above that age. Some of them had high school education, others were doing heavy manual work, and many others attended secondary or high schools. Among the female @entity1 13 were mothers who gave birth to 23 @entity1 . (Table I). The fates of our @entity1 confirm the view that in most cases @entity76 is surgically curable. The limit of radical operation is finding of brain stem infiltration observed in about 11% of cases. Partial @entity5 does not protect against recurrence but in some cases symptom-free periods of many years' duration were reported.

title: [Immediate and remote results of treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'subtentorial gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'pilocytic astrocytoma', 'protoplasmic astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebellar astrocytoma', 'cerebellar astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4575 :: ('MESH:D000708', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasia']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar astrocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Several genome-wide-association-studies have identified genetic variants in a region on chromosome 9p21 that are associated with an increased risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity6 . Here we have explored the interaction of a genetic variant of the @entity986 /B- @entity13503 gene locus with cardiovascular risk factors and @entity9065 (e.g., diet and physical activity) in 1165 individuals recruited from the Mashhad- @entity64 and Heart-Atherosclerotic-Disorders cohort. METHODS: Genotyping was carried out using TaqMan-real-time-PCR based method. The association of @entity986 /B- @entity13503 locus and its interaction with dietary intake in association with the @entity2299 , and cardiovascular-risk-factors were assessed in 2 cohorts. RESULTS: Our data showed that @entity28 subjects with a TT genotype had a higher level of TG, TG/HDL ratio and Hs-CRP, compared to the subjects with the wild type genotype, or individuals with a normal BMI. Moreover, the presence of a TT genotype was associated with increased risk of @entity1007 , insulin resistance and @entity65 . These effects were more pronounced in the sub-group with low physical activity and a high dietary energy intake (e.g., the interaction between TT genotype and total energy intake on serum @entity165 was positive (RERI: 0.2, 95%CI (-0.96-1.3), AP: 0.1, 95%CI (-0.5-0.7) and SI: 1.2, 95%CI (0.3-5.1))). CONCLUSIONS: We have found a significant association between the @entity986 - @entity13503 polymorphism with cardiovascular risk factors and @entity2299 in a non-diabetic population. It is possible that a low energy diet and high physical activity could ameliorate the unfavorable effects of T allele of @entity4640 locus. Functional analysis is warranted to investigate the value of this genetic biomarker of @entity65 risk in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Interaction between a variant of XXXX -gene with lifestyle factors in determining @entity2299 and estimated cardiovascular risk: A step toward personalized nutrition.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'main determinants of dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity9065 :: ('MESH:D018876', 'Disease') :: ['environmental-exposures']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4640 :: (1029;1030,Gene) :: ['CDKN2A/B']


abstract: A 71 year-old female @entity1 was investigated during several months after a double left hemispheric lesion of vascular origin. The larger lesion was temporo-occipital, the second one parietal. The main @entity16 was a right homonymous @entity1805 . Clinical and neuroradiological data confirmed the integrity of the right hemisphere. There was neither a global deterioration of intellectual capacities nor @entity2026 . In particular, @entity227 was excluded by a series of matching and functional classification tests. Nevertheless the objects and their pictures, which the @entity1 could recognize, could not be named. The lack of words was limited to the @entity227 . No @entity1742 neither ideomotor nor ideational was present on verbal commands, but the evocation of movements for the use of objects was deficient if the stimulation was visual. This disorder is considered in the frame of the @entity227 and thus represents what we propose to call @entity227 . Further we discuss the disorders of @entity1055 which are characterized by the poor reproduction of models when executed by the right hand whereas the reproduction by the left hand is incorrect.

title: [A XXXX . Optic @entity2026 and optic @entity1742 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual agnosia', 'visual apraxia', 'visual modality', 'visual-gestural disconnection']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['constructive apraxia']

answer: @entity1742 :: (MESH:D001072,Disease) :: ['syndrome of visuo-verbal and visuo-gestural disconnexion']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine the identities and characteristics of proteins with molecular masses between 40 and 44 kDa whose @entity669 phosphorylation increases in @entity1 neutrophils following stimulation of these cells with @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). Immunoblotting results demonstrate that addition of @entity2841 to @entity1 neutrophils increases the @entity669 phosphorylation of two proteins with molecular masses of 42 and 44 kDa. However, the addition of @entity310 to neutrophils induces a time- and dose-dependent increase in @entity669 phosphorylation of a 40 kDa protein. Immunoprecipitation using specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoform antibodies and an antibody which recognizes @entity10393 -containing proteins demonstrated that the 42 and 44 kDa proteins are isoforms of MAPKs. Utilizing an in situ gel kinase activity assay, @entity2841 increases the kinase activity of the 42 and 44 kDa proteins. Moreover, using immunoprecipitated @entity3903 and @entity12206 isoforms in this gel assay revealed activity associated with the @entity3903 and @entity12206 isoforms. Using the same in situ assay, @entity310 induces an increase in kinase activity of a 40-42 kDa protein. However, the 40 kDa protein whose phosphorylation on @entity669 residues increased in @entity1 neutrophils following stimulation with @entity310 is not a member of the known MAPK family, demonstrating the divergences in pathways utilized by @entity2841 and @entity310 . This 40 kDa protein may be related to the recently identified protein that becomes phosphorylated on @entity669 residues upon stimulation of the @entity1 @entity189 cell line KB by @entity1192 . In these cells the @entity4666 protein is part of a protein kinase cascade which results in the phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein, @entity2284 .

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha on @entity669 phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in @entity1 neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: Samples of longissimus (LL) and @entity427 ( @entity427 ) muscles from Angus-cross heifers finished either on a high-concentrate ration in Washington, USA, (US @entity291 , n=15) or on pasture in New Zealand (NZ @entity291 , n=16) were assessed for composition characteristics. Half of the NZ @entity291 were of a similar age to the US @entity291 (NZAge) and half were of a similar weight (NZWt). @entity68 concentration was higher in @entity427 (20.9 vs. 17.5 gg(-1); P<0.001) and was higher for the NZWt group than the NZAge group or the US @entity291 . The proportion of @entity68 as haem @entity68 was highest for the NZWt group (87.3%; P<0.01), but the proportion as soluble haem @entity68 was highest for the US @entity291 . For a sub-group of 10 pasture-finished @entity291 , @entity68 levels in cheek muscle were higher than for LL or @entity427 , and liver levels were 66% higher than cheek muscle. The proportion of haem @entity68 , however, was lowest in liver (55.3%) and was lower in cheek muscle (78.4%) than LL or @entity427 . Relative to LL, @entity427 had higher levels of @entity2226 and coenzyme Q(10), but lower levels of @entity9880 , @entity908 and @entity1011 , as expected for a muscle with a more aerobic metabolism. These differences were magnified for the even more aerobic cheek muscle. Differences between the two NZ groups were small, but muscles from the US @entity291 contained less @entity2226 , @entity9880 , coenzyme Q(10), and @entity1011 . Reasons for these differences in various meat components for similar @entity291 from different production systems are not clear.

title: The effect of production system and age on levels of @entity68 , XXXX , @entity9880 , coenzyme Q(10), and @entity908 in beef muscles and liver.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity9880 :: ('MESH:D002336', 'Chemical') :: ['carnosine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['triceps brachii', 'TB']

answer: @entity2226 :: (MESH:D013654,Chemical) :: ['taurine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shave biopsy of cutaneous lesions is simple, efficient, and commonly used clinically. However, this technique has been criticized for its potential to hamper accurate diagnosis and microstaging of @entity320 , thereby complicating treatment decision-making. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive series of @entity1 referred to the University of Florida Shands Cancer Center or to the Moffitt Cancer Center for treatment of primary @entity320 , initially diagnosed on shave biopsy to have Breslow depth < 2 mm, to determine the accuracy of shave biopsy in T-staging and the potential impact on definitive surgical treatment and outcomes. RESULTS: Six hundred @entity1 undergoing shave biopsy were diagnosed with @entity320 from extremity (42%), trunk (37%), and head or neck (21%). Mean (   SEM) Breslow thickness was 0.73    0.02 mm; 6.2% of lesions were ulcerated. At the time of wide excision, residual @entity320 was found in 133 (22%), resulting in T-stage upstaging for 18 @entity1 (3%). Recommendations for additional wide excision or sentinel lymph node biopsy changed in 12 of 600 (2%) and 8 of 600 @entity1 (1.3%), respectively. Locoregional recurrence occurred in 10 (1.7%) @entity1 and distant recurrence in 4 (0.7%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These data challenge the surgical dogma that full-thickness excisional biopsy of suspicious cutaneous lesions is the only method that can lead to accurate diagnosis. Data obtained on shave biopsy of @entity320 are reliable and accurate in the overwhelming majority of cases (97%). The use of shave biopsy does not complicate or compromise management of the overwhelming majority of @entity1 with @entity320 .

title: Shave biopsy is a safe and accurate method for the initial evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma', 'melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity551 after spinal anaesthesia is a common and important complication at caesarean delivery. Skin conductance monitoring has been shown to predict post-spinal @entity551 in elderly @entity1 and may be a rapid, non-invasive means of predicting risk in the obstetric population. METHODS: @entity1 having elective caesarean delivery were included in this observational pilot trial. Baseline data were obtained for blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance variables before administration of spinal anaesthesia and at 1-min intervals for 20 min thereafter. Correlations between baseline data and minimum post-spinal blood pressure were calculated, and the predictive value of baseline variables was estimated by use of receiver operator characteristics. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 completed the study. Spinal anaesthesia was followed in most cases by a significant reduction from baseline in systolic blood pressure [0-9% n=2 (5%), 10-20% n=21 (52.5%), 20-30% n=12 (30%), >30% n=5 (12.5%)]. Minimum systolic blood pressure was >100 mmHg in 25 (62%), 80-100 mmHg in 12 (30%) and < 80 mmHg in 3 (7.5%) @entity1 . Fasting times, spinal block distribution, baseline heart rate, blood pressure or baseline skin conductance did not predict post-spinal @entity551 or neonatal outcome. CONCLUSION: In contrast to a previous report in elderly @entity1 , we were unable to demonstrate a significant relationship between baseline sympathetic tone, measured by skin conductance, and @entity551 following spinal anaesthesia in @entity1 undergoing elective caesarean delivery.

title: An observational study of skin conductance monitoring as a means of predicting XXXX from spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, only a limited numbers of @entity5 markers for @entity1149 (NSCLC) diagnosis, new biomarker, such as serum autoantibody may improve the early detection of @entity2 . Our objective is construction @entity1 lung @entity957 and @entity420 T7 phage display cDNA library from the tissues of NSCLC @entity1 . METHODS: mRNA was isolated from a pool of total RNA extract from NSCLC tissues obtained from 5 @entity420 and 5 @entity957 , and then mRNA was reverse transcribed into double stranded cDNA. After digestion, the cDNA was inserted into T7Select 10-3 vector. The phage display cDNA library was constructed by package reaction in vitro and plate proliferation. Plaque assay and PCR were used to evaluate the library. RESULTS: Two T7 phage display cDNA library were established. Plaque assay show the @entity2 library was 1.8*10(6) pfu, and the @entity420 library was 5*10(6) pfu. The phage titer of the amplified library were 3.2*10(10) pfu/mL and 2.5*10(10) pfu/mL. PCR amplification of random plaque show insert ratio were 100% (24/24) in @entity420 library and 95.8% in @entity1 lung squamas @entity189 library (23/24). Insert range from 300 bp to 1 500 bp. CONCLUSIONS: Two phage display cDNA library from NSCLC were constructed.

title: [Construction of a t7 XXXX @entity2 cDNA library.].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas', 'squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non small lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['titer of lung squamas carcinoma', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantitatively and systematically assess dosimetric effects induced by spot positioning error as a function of spot spacing (SS) on intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plan quality and to facilitate evaluation of safety tolerance limits on spot position. METHODS: Spot @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) ranging from 1 to 2 mm were simulated. Simple plans were created on a water phantom, and IMPT plans were calculated on two pediatric @entity1 with a @entity1313 of 28 and 3 cc, respectively, using a commercial planning system. For the phantom, a uniform dose was delivered to targets located at different depths from 10 to 20 cm with various field sizes from 2(2) to 15(2) cm(2). Two nominal spot sizes, 4.0 and 6.6 mm of 1    in water at isocenter, were used for treatment planning. The SS ranged from 0.5    to 1.5   , which is 2-6 mm for the small spot size and 3.3-9.9 mm for the large spot size. Various perturbation scenarios of a single spot error and systematic and random multiple spot errors were studied. To quantify the dosimetric effects, @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) depth profiles and the value of @entity2246 at the maximum dose difference ( @entity2246 [/\Dmax]) were used for evaluation. RESULTS: A pair of hot and cold spots was created per spot shift. @entity2246 [/\Dmax] is found to be a complex function of @entity2246 , SS, spot size, depth, and global spot distribution that can be well defined in simple models. For volumetric targets, the @entity2246 [/\Dmax] is not noticeably affected by the change of field size or target volume within the studied ranges. In general, reducing SS decreased the dose error. For the facility studied, given a single spot error with a @entity2246 of 1.2 mm and for both spot sizes, a SS of 1   resulted in a 2% maximum dose error; a SS larger than 1.25    substantially increased the dose error and its sensitivity to @entity2246 . A similar trend was observed in multiple spot errors (both systematic and random errors). Systematic @entity2246 can lead to noticeable hot spots along the field edges, which may be near critical structures. However, random @entity2246 showed minimal dose error. CONCLUSIONS: Dose @entity734 for @entity2246 was quantitatively and systematically characterized and an analytic tool was built to simulate systematic and random errors for @entity1 -specific IMPT. This information facilitates the determination of facility specific spot position error thresholds.

title: Implication of spot position error on plan quality and XXXX safety in pencil-beam-scanning proton therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['error dependence']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['position errors', 'PDE', 'PE', 'percent dose error']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity1653 of the posterior fossa represent a heterogeneous group of @entity5 regarding difficulty of resection and functional outcome. The aim of this review was to focus on @entity5 located mainly on the posterior surface of the petrous bone and threatening hearing and facial functions. An anatomical classification was used to evaluate surgical outcome depending on the relationship of the @entity5 to the internal auditory meatus. The authors performed a retrospective chart review of 53 consecutive @entity1 operated on for a posterior petrous @entity79 in a tertiary referral center and a literature review. @entity5 were classified in four groups according to the modified Desgeorges and Sterkers classification: posterior petrous (P; 17 @entity5 ), meatus and internal auditory canal (M; 12 @entity5 ), petrous apex without invasion of the internal auditory canal (A; 9 @entity5 ), and cerebellopontine angle with invasion of the internal auditory canal ( @entity860 ; 15 @entity5 ). The facial function was preserved in 100% of P and A @entity5 , 75% of group M @entity5 , and 53% of @entity860 @entity5 . Hearing preservation was attempted only in P, A, and M groups where rates of serviceable hearing preservation were 82%, 80%, and 66%, respectively. The cumulative rate of hearing preservation for @entity860 @entity5 was 45% in our literature review. The increased facial morbidity associated with @entity860 @entity5 compared with other groups was also confirmed by the review of the literature. In conclusion, this study shows that among posterior petrous @entity79 , @entity5 invading the internal auditory canal present with increased postoperative functional morbidity in spite of a tailored approach regarding dural insertion.

title: Posterior petrous @entity79 : surgical experience in 53 XXXX and literature review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone meningioma', 'bone meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Unknown @entity320 occurs as @entity3 to skin, nodes or viscera, without a detectable cutaneous primary @entity5 . We reviewed our database of 4881 @entity320 @entity1 , diagnosed and followed up prospectively for a 33-year period. We identified 93 cases of @entity320 without evidence of primary; however, five of these @entity1 had a history of a previous excision of a presumed benign lesion without histological examination and were excluded from analyses. At diagnosis, @entity3 were cutaneous in 35.3% of cases, nodal in 43.2% and visceral in 17% of cases; in 4.5% of @entity1 , both skin and nodes were involved. In all cases, clinical inspection and staging procedures performed at diagnosis of @entity3 failed to identify a primary @entity320 . In 11 cases (11.8%), extensively regressed pigmented lesions (without evidence of @entity320 cells at the histological examination) were documented; moreover, we identified in our series five @entity1 with unknown primary affected by @entity1694 . The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 49.6 and 41.4%, respectively, with a median of 4.9 years. The 5-year and 10-year time to progression rates were 39.4 and 32.3%, respectively, with a median of 2.3 years. Survival was longer in females and showed significant differences among @entity1 with skin, lymph node or visceral involvement at diagnosis. In @entity320 @entity1 , unknown primary represents a not so rare event, with an uncertain origin. We confirmed the relatively good prognosis of unknown primary @entity320 @entity1 , a fact that has to be taken into consideration for their management.

title: XXXX of unknown primary site: a 33-year experience at the Turin @entity320 Centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some observational studies have shown the relationships between @entity5052 and @entity740 ( @entity740 ); however, the threshold of serum @entity414 (SUA) for @entity8 and the association between SUA and @entity8 by baseline kidney function remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationships between SUA and reduced kidney function. METHODS: We analyzed a historical cohort of male Japanese individuals who underwent medical checkup between 1998 and 2007. @entity1 with baseline data and who were followed up for at least one year were included and stratified according to baseline kidney function. Kidney function was classified as normal [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >=  90 ml/min/1.73 m2] or mildly reduced (eGFR 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2). The outcome measured was @entity8 defined as a decrease in eGFR to < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Associations between SUA and risk for outcome and eGFR slopes were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 41632 subjects with mean age 45.4 years were included. During a mean follow-up of four years, 3186 (7.6%) subjects developed @entity8 . Subjects with SUA >=  6.0 mg/dL had a significantly increased risk for @entity8 compared with subjects with SUA of 4-4.9 mg/dL. SUA threshold levels were different according to baseline kidney function; SUA >=  7.0 and >=  6.0 mg/dL for normal and mildly reduced kidney function, respectively. Approximately the same trends were observed for eGFR slopes. CONCLUSION: In the general population, @entity5052 appears to be a risk factor for @entity8 in males. For @entity1 with mild @entity8 , even a slight elevation of SUA can be a risk factor.

title: Relationship between Serum Uric Acid Levels and XXXX in a Japanese Cohort with Normal or Mildly Reduced Kidney Function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney impairment', 'kidney injury', 'deterioration of kidney function', 'kidney dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity101 is a real public health problem. His pathogenesis involves a combination of several factors including environmental and psychosocial factors. AIM: We focus on the links between the blood pressure imbalance and some psychosocial factors in a population of ambulatory @entity1 with @entity101 . METHOD: It was a cross-sectional study on 100 @entity1 with @entity101 followed up in Cardiology in Sfax (Tunisia). @entity148 and @entity308 were assessed by the Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 Scale (HADS). Behavioral pattern was evaluated by a clinical interview, referring to the model of Friedman and Rosenman. We also collected socio-environmental, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic data. RESULTS: The most predictive factors of an unbalanced blood pressure were independently: personality type "A" or unspecified (p = 0002), high fat diet (p = 0026), poor drug adherence (p = 0038) and @entity308 (p = 0015). CONCLUSIONS: Several sociodemographic and lifestyle factors are interrelated and implicated in the blood pressure imbalance, suggesting the need of a @entity146 joining the international recommendations. We insist on the treatment of the anxious and @entity308 and the psychotherapeutic approach of some personality patterns in the management of @entity101 .

title: [Role of the psychosocial factors in blood pression balance; cross-sectional study including 100 ambulatory XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressive disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['hygienic behavior']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: We evaluated prime-boost immunization with two recombinant envelope glycoprotein subunit vaccines ( @entity2858 MN recombinant @entity2859 vaccine in alum adjuvant [MN @entity2860 ] and @entity2858 MN recombinant @entity2859 vaccine in alum adjuvant [MN rgp120]) for safety and immunogenicity in healthy, @entity2858 -uninfected adults. The rationale was to combine the helper T cell memory and binding antibody responses typically induced by @entity2860 vaccines with the superior neutralizing antibody responses induced by rgp120 vaccines. In a double-blinded, controlled trial, volunteers were randomly assigned to receive MN @entity2860 or adjuvant placebo, and a subset later received MN rgp120. The two vaccines were safe, but reactions to MN @entity2860 and its adjuvant placebo exceeded those to MN rgp120. MN @entity2860 induced IgG binding antibodies, including all IgG subclasses, to MN @entity2860 in all vaccine recipients. @entity2858 MN-neutralizing and anti-V3 MN peptide-binding antibodies were observed in a majority of volunteers after the fourth MN @entity2860 immunization, but at lower levels compared with immunization with MN rgp120 in historical controls. @entity2858 -binding, neutralizing, and fusion inhibition antibodies were boosted to the highest levels among MN @entity2860 recipients after MN rgp120 booster injections. MN rgp120 boosting appeared to alter the distribution of MN @entity2860 vaccine-induced, anti-MN @entity2860 IgG subclass antibodies. MN @entity2860 induced helper T cell memory, measured by lymphocyte proliferation, Thl and Th2 cytokine production, and skin testing. Strategies including both subunit vaccines may help maximize antibody and helper T cell memory responses to @entity2858 envelope glycoprotein.

title: XXXX MN recombinant glycoprotein 160 vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immunity boosted by @entity2858 MN recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group.

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']