abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the effect of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on disease-free survival in @entity1 with stages I to III @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: There were 3857 @entity1 identified from our database. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify the best cutoff value of NLR. A 5-year disease-free survival was used as end point. Survival analysis was used to assess the NLR effect, after stratification by several clinopathologic factors. RESULTS: In the ROC analysis, NLR   =   3 had the highest sensitivity and specificity. Elevated NLR (>3) in @entity694 seemed to accompany larger @entity5 size (~5 cm) and more @entity1442 stage. By multivariate analysis, elevated NLR in @entity694 was associated with an increased risk of disease progression or @entity5 death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.377, 95    % confidence interval 1.104-1.717, P   =   0.014]. However, elevated NLR in @entity5 lost its significance in multivariate analysis (HR 1.121, 95    % confidence interval 0.941-1.336, P   =   0.200). @entity1 with elevated NLR had worse outcome, especially for @entity694 . CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative NLR influenced the disease-free survival in @entity1 with stages I to III @entity14 . Elevated NLR (>3) was associated with worse outcome (5-year disease-free survival 66.3    % vs. 78.9    % in @entity694 , P   <   0.001; 60.   5 % vs. 66.2    % in @entity5 , P   =   0.008). The difference was larger in @entity5 . NLR should be considered as a prognostic factor for stages I to III @entity14 @entity1 after curative surgery.

title: Can neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict the survival of @entity14 XXXX who have received curative surgery electively?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'colon cancer than in rectal cancer', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced T']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The symptoms of @entity12294 are unspecific and depend on site and size of the @entity5 . The most frequent symptoms consist of @entity158 up to the clinical picture of a pseudo- @entity698 , digestive problems, palpable or even exterior visible @entity5 such as the pseudo- @entity843 . Often the diagnosis cannot be found by clinical examination or further investigation. As a differential diagnosis all @entity45 as well as other @entity5 which originate in an abdominal organ must be taken in account. In most cases possible complications make surgical intervention necessary through which an exact diagnosis of the actually asymptomatic @entity5 can be found. @entity2696 can lead to obstruction of the intestine, the ureter or the bile-duct. Inflammations of the cyst wall, bleeding into the cyst, torsion of the cyst pedicle and rupture of the cyst occur. The only curative therapy is the total surgical removal. Prognosis is good and relapse seldom occurs. We report on a 4.5-year-old @entity1 with a @entity3609 of the mesosigma. In addition, we discuss cases from the literature of the past 15 years.

title: [ XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity12294 :: ('MESH:C535553', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['mesenterial cysts']

answer: @entity12294 :: (MESH:C535553,Disease) :: ['Abdominal lymphangioma']


abstract: This study reports results of therapy with immunoglobulin in @entity1 with @entity12924 ( @entity12924 ) or the syndrome of continuous spikes and waves during sleep ( @entity751 ). In a prospective study, @entity1 diagnosed between 2002 and 2006 with either @entity12924 were treated soon after diagnosis with intravenous courses of immunoglobulin (IVIg). We compared the results with those reported in the literature and with data from a retrospective survey of our earlier @entity1 . Six @entity1 (two @entity1 ), aged 4-9 years, were included. Three had @entity12924 , and three had @entity751 . One @entity1 -with typical @entity12924 -had been treated with @entity229 before (without response). No @entity1 had @entity410 during IVIg treatment and follow-up. Their electroencephalography (EEG) findings did not improve. Neuropsychological improvement occurred in one @entity1 with @entity751 . Three @entity1 did not show any beneficial effect; they were subsequently treated with @entity230 , one with a clearly positive result. We conclude that successful treatment of @entity12924 and @entity751 with IVIg occurs occasionally. However, the improvement cannot always be clearly attributed to this. It might also reflect the natural course of the disease. Although the temporal relation between IVIg treatment and clinical improvement cannot be denied in individual @entity1 , its real value remains to be determined.

title: @entity12924 and XXXX : treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome', 'LKS or CSWS syndrome', 'LKS']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['CSWS syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['CSWS syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity63 -reperfusion (IR) injury is a major clinical problem and is associated with numerous adverse effects. GGsTop [ @entity35783 ] is a highly specific and irreversible y-glutamyl transpeptidase (y-GT) inhibitor. We studied the protective effects of GGsTop on IR induced @entity99 in @entity35 . @entity63 was induced by clamping the portal vein and hepatic artery of left lateral and median lobes of the liver. Before clamping, saline (IR group) or saline containing 1 mg/kg body weight of GGsTop (IR-GGsTop group) was injected into the liver through inferior vena cava. At 90 min of @entity63 , blood flow was restored. Blood was collected before induction of @entity63 and prior to restoration of blood flow, and at 12, 24, and 48 h after reperfusion. All the animals were sacrificed at 48 h after reperfusion and the livers were harvested. Serum levels of ALT, AST, and y-GT were significantly lower after reperfusion in IR-GGsTop group compared to IR group. Massive @entity99 was present in IR group, while only few necroses were present in IR-GGsTop group. Treatment with GGsTop increased hepatic @entity6172 content which was significantly reduced in IR group. Furthermore, GGsTop prevented increase of hepatic y-GT, @entity1234 , @entity11838 , and @entity1505 while all these molecules significantly increased in the IR group. In conclusion, treatment with GGsTop increased @entity2041 levels and prevented formation of free radicals in the hepatic tissue that lead to decreased IR-induced @entity99 . GGsTop could be used as a pharmacological agent to prevent IR-induced @entity99 and the related adverse events.

title: GGsTop, a Novel and Specific y-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Inhibitor, Protects @entity99 -Reperfusion Injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35783 :: ('MESH:C569224', 'Chemical') :: ['2-amino-4{[3-(carboxymethyl)phenyl](methyl)phosphono}butanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'liver injury', 'hepatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies in various countries have shown that homeless @entity1 have high mortality levels. The aims of this study concerning the French population were to investigate mortality among the homeless and to study their causes of @entity204 in comparison to those of the general population. METHODS: A representative sample of 1145 homeless @entity204 registered by an association was matched to the national database of medical causes of @entity204 using common descriptive variables. Log-binomial regression was used to compare mortality among the homeless to that of the general population. Multiple imputation was used to manage missing causes of @entity204 . RESULTS: Out of the 1145 registered homeless @entity204 , 693 were matched to the causes of @entity204 database. Homeless @entity204 were young (average age: 49). Overall, homeless @entity204 were slightly more frequent during winter. Among all @entity204 , the probability of being homeless was higher when dying from @entity2332 (RR = 6.4), @entity285 -related @entity204 (RR = 1.7), @entity146 , diseases of the digestive and circulatory systems, and undetermined causes (RR from 1.5 to 3.7). CONCLUSION: The homeless died at 49 years old on average compared with 77 in the general population in 2008-10. The health of homeless @entity1 should be considered not only in winter periods or in terms of @entity285 - or cold-related conditions. This study also highlights the need for more precise data to estimate the mortality risks of the homeless in France.

title: Mortality among homeless XXXX in France, 2008-10.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We prospectively investigated the correlation between diffusion tensor (DTI), dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI metrics and Ki-67 labelling index in @entity463 . METHODS: We studied seventeen @entity1 who were operated on for @entity463 . DTI and DSC MRI were performed within a week prior to surgical excision. Lesion/normal ratios were calculated for the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and relative mean transit time (rMTT) ratio. In the excised @entity5 specimens Ki-67 antigen expression was evaluated by the @entity1758 immunostaining method. RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed between Ki-67 index and ADC ratio (r = -0.528, p = 0.029) and FA ratio (r = 0.589, p = 0.012). rCBV and rMTT presented a trend towards significant correlation with Ki-67 index (r = 0.628, p = 0.07 and r = 0.644, p = 0.06 respectively). There was a trend towards better survival for @entity1 with gross total @entity5 excision and FA values lower than 0.48 (p = 0.1 and p = 0.09 respectively). No significant correlation was found between ADC ratio, rCBV, rCBF, rMTT and overall survival. CONCLUSION: ADC ratio, FA ratio, rCBV and rMTT @entity5 /normal tissue ratios may represent indicators of @entity11 proliferation. FA values may hold promise for predicting survival in @entity1 with @entity463 .

title: Diffusion tensor and dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: AIM: Right ventricular (RV) function often determines clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity340 . Though difficult to assess by echocardiography, Tei index is useful in its assessment. The aims of the study were to evaluate global RV function using the Tei index in @entity1 with @entity6331 and to observe if such abnormalities in RV function were reversible post-operatively. METHOD: The study included @entity1 with @entity118 ( @entity118 , Group I, n = 15) and @entity340 ( @entity340 , Group II, n = 18). @entity1 with @entity955 were excluded from the study. Conventional 2-D echocardiography was performed preoperatively, immediate postoperative and in last follow-up. RESULT: @entity118 group had lower left LVES and LVED dimensions as compared to RHVD (p = 0.001) and better ejection fraction (EF) than @entity340 group (p = 0.02). LV Tei in the @entity118 group was above the normal limit (> 0.5), while RV Tei was increased in the RHVD group. The median RVSP was similar in two groups (p = 0.9). The impaired LVMPI in the @entity118 group improved as early as 2 weeks following surgery (p = 0.09) while in @entity1 with RHVD it deteriorated which mirrored the reduction in median LVEF (p = 0.04). Group II that had an abnormal RV Tei pre-operatively demonstrated improvement following surgery (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity340 is associated with @entity67 . @entity1284 of RV in @entity1 of @entity118 is associated with normal MPI. The abnormalities in RVMPI improved as early as 2 weeks after valve surgery with sustained improvement noted at follow up.

title: Does XXXX affect right ventricular performance?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of RV function']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic valvular heart disease', 'RVHD', 'valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['Volume overload']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['rheumatic valvular heart disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Identifying on admission those @entity1 with @entity2028 could reduce inappropriate antibiotic use. The @entity2028 ( @entity2028 ) is a clinical prediction rule that accurately identifies @entity1 with @entity2028 . Because the interpretation of chest X-ray included in this model could be considered difficult, a simplified version was developed, but this version has not yet been validated in a different population. OBJECTIVE: To validate a simplified clinical prediction rule to identify @entity1 with an increased risk of having @entity2028 . METHODS: @entity1 aged under 5 years, hospitalized for @entity55 (viral or bacterial) were included. On admission, axillary temperature, age, absolute neutrophil count, bands, and chest radiograph were evaluated. RESULTS: We included 168 @entity1 (23 with @entity5131 ). Those with @entity2028 showed a score higher than those with @entity5131 (5.3    2.5 vs. 2.6    2.02; p <0.001). A score =3 points was identified as the optimum cutoff value to predict @entity2028 (aucROC= 0.79; 95% IC: 0.68-0.90), and was more frequent among @entity1 with @entity5131 (19/23 vs. 42/145, p= 0.003; OR: 4.8; CI95%: 1.4-17.6), achieving 82.6% sensitivity, 50.3% specificity, 20.9% positive predictive value, 94.8% negative predictive value, 1.66 positive likelihood ratio and 0.35 negative likelihood ratio. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated simplified prediction rule showed a limited diagnostic accuracy on identifying @entity1 with @entity2028 , being less accurate than the @entity2028 .

title: [Validation of a simplified prediction rule to identify etiology in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial Pneumonia Score', 'BPS', 'bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5131 :: ('MESH:D011024', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial than viral pneumonia', 'bacterial pneumonia and 145 with viral pneumonia', 'viral pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Observational studies are valuable tools for assessing the applicability of results from randomised controlled trials to broader @entity1 populations. They are especially important in @entity102 such as @entity6 , as they can provide a comprehensive picture of the safety and effectiveness of a particular therapy across cultures and phenotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who required insulin and whose physician had decided to initiate biphasic insulin aspart 30 ( @entity14184 ) were eligible. A total of 4117 @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 were recruited to the study in Poland, and 809 primary and secondary care physicians were involved. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of @entity14184 treatment in @entity164 2 @entity6 in routine clinical practice. RESULTS: Baseline glycaemic control was poor in the Polish cohort enrolled in the IMPROVE(TM) study, with a mean HbA(1c) value of 9.0 +/- 1.7%. A very high proportion of @entity1 were thus at risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. A twice-daily regimen for the start of @entity14184 therapy was the most common choice, including 72.2% of @entity1 at baseline. HbA(1c) was significantly reduced by 1.66% for the total cohort and by 3.07% and 1.55% in the pre-study no-therapy or oral antidiabetic drug group respectively (p < 0.001). The rates (episodes per subject year) of overall major hypoglycaemia were 0.012 and 0.12 at follow-up and final visits respectively. For minor hypoglycaemia rates of 5.12 per subject per year at follow-up visit and 4.54 episodes per subject per year at final visit were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14184 appears to be an effective and flexible treatment approach and can be safely intensified to achieve glycaemic control in a majority of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: The IMPROVE study--a multinational, observational study in @entity164 2 XXXX : data from the Polish cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: 1. @entity7774 has previously been shown to inhibit distal renal tubular @entity1372 reabsorption. As a consequence of this, or independently, it might influence the distal handling of other electrolytes. We have therefore examined the effects of angiotensin on the distal reabsorption or secretion of a spectrum of electrolytes. 2. Standard bilateral stop-flow studies were done on anaesthetized, adrenalectomized @entity95 , in which the effects of intravenous infusions of either 0-02-0-05 mug min-1 kg-1 or 1 mug min-1 kg-1 of angiotensin were compared with control stop-flow results. 3. The lower dose of @entity7774 inhibited distal @entity1372 , @entity2865 , water and @entity1760 reabsorption, inhibited distal @entity3884 secretion and stimulated distal @entity972 secretion. The higher dose of angiotensin produced these changes and additionally inhibited distal @entity460 reabsorption. Most of the observed changes were dose-related. The low dose of angiotensin did not significantly raise blood pressure but the high dose was pressor. 4. Changes in the stop-flow patterns induced by the higher dose of angiotensin were compatible with, and may help to explain, the changes it produced in urinary excretion of @entity1372 , @entity2865 , @entity972 , @entity1760 and @entity460 in clearance studies before stop-flow. Suppression of @entity3884 secretion caused by both doses of angiotensin in the stop-flow studies was also reflected by reductions in acid excretion produced by these infusion rates in additional experiments performed by clearance methods in acid-loaded, conscious @entity95 . 5. The results support the view that angiotensin may have an important intrarenal role, at least in @entity95 .

title: Multiple changes in distal stop-flow electrolyte patterns and reduction of acid excretion induced in XXXX by angiotensin.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin', 'angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: @entity1409 of the bladder is a rare event. The clinical presentation shows the signs and symptoms of @entity298 , but the diagnosis is made at the operating table. This event is burdened with a high mortality rate. We present a case report of a 73-year-old @entity1 who came to our observation. He was a chronic carrier of urinary catheter, at least 7 times removed traumatically by himself. At the time of admission he showed @entity998 , absence of @entity3041 , normal functioning of the catheter, a tense and widely meteoric abdomen, the presence of air-fluid levels, normal kidneys, absence of free fluid in the abdomen. The CT showed a fluid collection of about 7 cm diameter between the bladder and rectum. The explorative laparotomy found a small fissuration of the posterior wall of the bladder. For his severe conditions, the @entity1 died a few hours after surgery, in intensive care unit. Although it is a rare event, since 1980, 177 cases of spontaneous @entity397 of the bladder are reported in the literature. Their causes may be essentially divided into two groups: for increase of intravesical pressure; or for weakening of the bladder wall. In most cases, the spontaneous @entity397 of the bladder takes place in presence of a @entity5 or after radiation therapy of the pelvic organs. The etiology of spontaneous @entity397 of the bladder in our case does not relate to a @entity150 or radiotherapy. It may have been caused by repeated episodes of acute retention of urine with extreme @entity1494 up to 3 liters. It is not easy to think of a @entity1494 in @entity1 presenting signs of @entity298 without a history of @entity150 or pelvic radiotherapy. A CT with intravesical contrast medium could help the diagnostic orientation.

title: XXXX of urinary bladder: a case report and review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder perforation', 'bladder distension']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['drastic reduction in urine output']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous rupture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1409 :: (MESH:D012422,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anaesthetic @entity204 risk for @entity235 and @entity468 in a French private practice. STUDY DESIGN: Observational cohort study. ANIMAL POPULATION: All small animals anesthetized at the Centre Hospitalier V  t  rinaire des Cordeliers between April 15th, 2008 and April 15th, 2010. METHODS: General anaesthesia was defined as a drug-induced unconsciousness characterised by a controlled and reversible @entity149 and @entity1337 , sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation. @entity1 outcome (alive or dead) was assessed at the end of anaesthesia defined as the meeting point of the return of consciousness, rectal temperature >36   C and ability to maintain sternal recumbency. @entity204 occurring during anaesthesia was recorded. Relationship between anaesthetic @entity204 and ASA status, species, age, nature of the procedure, anaesthetic protocol and occurrence of epidural administration of a combination of @entity1286 and @entity1341 were analysed. RESULTS: During the study period 3546 animals underwent general anaesthesia. The overall @entity204 rate in the present study was 1.35% (48 in 3546, 95% CI 0.96-1.75). The @entity204 rate of healthy animals (ASA 1 and 2) was 0.12% (3 in 2602 95% CI 0.02-0.34). For sick animals (ASA status 3 and over), the overall @entity204 rate was 4.77% (45 in 944 95% CI 3.36-6.18). The @entity204 rates in the ASA 3, 4 and 5 categories were 2.90%, 7.58% and 17.33%, respectively. The main factor associated with increased odds of anaesthetic @entity204 in ASA categories 3 and over was poor health status (ASA physical status classification). The nature of the procedure the @entity1 underwent and epidural administration of a combination of @entity1286 and @entity1341 were not correlated with the occurrence of @entity204 during anaesthesia. Neither species nor age effects were detected. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Specific factors were associated with increased odds of anaesthetic @entity204 , especially poor health status. Efforts must be directed towards thorough preoperative @entity1 evaluation and improvement of clinical conditions if possible. Identification of risk factors before anaesthesia should lead to increased surveillance by trained staff. This could result in better outcomes.

title: Risk of anaesthetic mortality in @entity235 and XXXX : an observational cohort study of 3546 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['depression of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No immediate surgery (Watch and Wait) has been considered in select @entity1 with complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation to avoid postoperative morbidity and functional disorders after radical surgery. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the long-term results of @entity1 who had a complete clinical response following an alternative chemoradiation regimen and were managed nonoperatively. DESIGN: This is a prospective study. SETTINGS: This study was conducted at a single center. @entity1 : Seventy consecutive @entity1 with T2-4N0-2M0 distal @entity5 were studied. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy included 54 Gy and @entity1487 / @entity4181 delivered in 6 cycles every 21 days. @entity1 were assessed for @entity5 response at 10 weeks from radiation completion. @entity1 with incomplete clinical response were referred to immediate surgery. @entity1 with complete clinical response were not immediately operated on and were monitored. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes measured were the initial complete clinical response rates after 10 weeks and the sustained complete clinical response rates after 12 months from chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: One @entity1 died during chemoradiotherapy because of @entity299 . Forty-seven (68%) @entity1 had initial complete clinical response. Of these, 8 developed local regrowth within the first 12 months of follow-up (17%). Thirty-nine sustained complete clinical response at a median follow-up of 56 months (57%). An additional 4 @entity1 (10%) developed late local recurrences (>12 months of follow-up). Overall, 35 @entity1 never underwent surgery (50%). LIMITATIONS: This study is limited by the short follow-up and small sample size. CONCLUSION: Extended chemoradiation therapy with additional chemotherapy cycles and 54 Gy of radiation may result in over 50% of sustained (>12 months) complete clinical response rates that may ultimately avoid radical rectal resection. Local failures occur more frequently during the initial 12 months of follow-up in up to 17% of cases, whereas late recurrences are less common but still possible, leading to 50% of @entity1 who never required surgery. Strict follow-up may allow salvage therapy in the majority of these @entity1 (see Video, @entity12605 , http://links.lww.com/DCR/A113.).

title: Watch and wait approach following extended neoadjuvant chemoradiation for distal XXXX : are we getting closer to anal @entity5 management?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity12605 :: ('MESH:D063466', 'Disease') :: ['Supplemental Digital Content 1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity600 are defined as those conditions that are substantially determined before or during birth and which are recognizable in early life. They are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 . The main objective of the study was to determine the association of certain risk factors with @entity600 occurring in pediatric @entity1 seeking care in Civil Hospital, Karachi. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Pediatrics: Units I, II and III of Civil Hospital Karachi, which is a tertiary care hospital located in the city center. These units provide care to pediatric @entity1 from all over the country, with majority belonging to a low socioeconomic background. All @entity1 with at least one @entity600 were approached and their mothers interviewed. Demographics of both the mother and the @entity1 were noted. Questions regarding possible exposure to risk factors were asked. @entity1 who were not accompanied by their mothers were excluded from the study. RESULTS: A total of 587 out of 669 @entity1 completed the study successfully. Of these, defects related to urogenital system (19.9%) were the commonest, followed by those related to eye (16.9%), musculoskeletal system (12.9%), body wall defects (12.3%), oral cavity (12.1%), central nervous system (10.9%), gastrointestinal tract (3.2%), cardiovascular system (2.7%) and those related to ear, nose and throat (1.2%). CONCLUSION: 669(4.1%) out of a total of 16,394 pediatric @entity1 visiting the hospital during our study were identified as having at least one @entity600 . The commonest ones were those related to the eye and the urogenital system. The main factors that influence the occurrence can be grouped into maternal, socioeconomic, nutritional and educational.

title: Risk factors associated with XXXX at a tertiary care center in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect', 'Birth defects', 'birth defects']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['birth defects']


abstract: @entity5 progression is a fundamental feature of the biology of @entity5 . @entity5 do not arise de novo in their final form, but begin as small, indolent growths, which gradually acquire characteristics associated with @entity5 . In the brain, for example, @entity5 ( @entity816 ) evolve into faster growing, more @entity6349 and invasive high-grade @entity5 ( @entity463 ). To define the genetic events underlying @entity1313 progression, we analysed the @entity876 gene in ten primary @entity1313 pairs. Seven pairs consisted of @entity5 that were high grade both at presentation and recurrence (group A) and three pairs consisted of @entity5 that had progressed to higher grade @entity5 (group B). In group A pairs, four of the recurrent @entity5 contained a @entity876 gene mutation; in three of them, the same mutation was found in the primary @entity5 . In group B pairs, progression to high grade was associated with a @entity876 gene mutation. A subpopulation of cells were present in the @entity5 that contained the same @entity876 gene mutation predominant in the cells of the recurrent @entity5 that had progressed to @entity463 . Thus, the histological progression of @entity1313 was associated with a clonal expansion of cells that had previously acquired a mutation in the @entity876 gene, endowing them with a selective growth advantage. These experimental observations strongly support Nowell's @entity2214 model of @entity5 progression.

title: Clonal expansion of @entity876 mutant cells is associated with XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade tumours', 'Cancers', 'Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumour']


abstract: Treatment options for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) in a renal allograft include radical nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). We report the case of local recurrence of an @entity1358 in kidney allograft. Five years after previously undergoing NSS, a recurrent lesion was diagnosed in the upper pole of the kidney graft in a 74-year-old @entity1 during routine duplex ultrasonography. The computerized tomography image showed a spherical lesion of 24 mm in diameter. The @entity1 was free of clinical symptoms and additional staging examinations showed no signs of metastatic spread. Considering the poor function of the kidney allograft with the need for dialysis, a removal of the graft was performed without peri- and postoperative adverse events. The final pathology revealed recurrence of a clear-cell @entity1358 allograft (pT1a, G1). The @entity1 had an uneventful recovery and was discharged from the hospital after 6 days. During the last follow-up, the @entity1 remained stable on hemodialysis and reported good overall health condition. In conclusion, @entity1 after NSS for small renal masses in kidney allograft should remain under careful observation in order to detect early local recurrence.

title: Recurrence of XXXX in a renal allograft after partial transplant nephrectomy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC', 'adenocarcinoma of the kidney']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of sinusoidal endothelial cell in the development of @entity1575 , and to dissect the relationship among @entity99 and @entity1575 . METHODS: Liver biopsy was performed in fifty-six @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 . The liver tissues were observed under light microscope and transmitted electronic microscope. RESULTS: Of 56 cases, 39 cases were mild @entity99 , 10 were moderate @entity99 , and 7 were severe @entity99 . The morphology of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was similar to that of fibroblasts in the tissues of the @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 . Collagenous fibers were deposited around the hepatic stellate cells. Electron-dense materials were deposited between sinusoidal endothelial cell and hepatic stellate cell. The size and amount of fenestraes of sinusoidal endothelial cells were reduced in 53 of 56 cases. The consecutive or inconsecutive membrane-like materials were observed along sinusoidal endothelial cells in 20 cases. Collagen fibers were observed in the space of Disse in 15 cases. Even in the @entity1 with normal hepatic functions, red blood cells aggregation and microthrombi could be observed in the liver tissues. CONCLUSION: Sinusoidal endothelial cells are involved in development of @entity1575 by interacting with hepatic stellate cells. @entity99 and sinusoidal capillarization are important changes in the early stage of @entity1575 .

title: [Pathogenesis of @entity1575 in @entity1 with chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic microcirculation disorders, hepatic sinusoidal capilarization', 'Hepatic microcirculation disorders', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ideal anticoagulant should prevent @entity63 without increasing the risk of @entity548 . Controlled anticoagulation is possible with the REG1 system, an RNA aptamer pair comprising the direct factor IXa inhibitor @entity26909 and its active control agent @entity26910 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This phase 2a study included a roll-in group (n=2) treated with REG1 plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors followed by 2 groups randomized 5:1 to REG1 or unfractionated heparin. In group 1 (n=12), @entity26909 was partially reversed with @entity26910 after percutaneous coronary intervention and fully reversed 4 hours later. In group 2 (n=12), @entity26909 was fully reversed with @entity26910 immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention. Femoral sheaths were removed after complete reversal. @entity1 were pretreated with @entity117 and @entity1397 . End points included major @entity548 within 48 hours; composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , or urgent target vessel revascularization within 14 days; and pharmacodynamic measures. All cases were successful, with final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow and no angiographic @entity715 . There were 2 ischemic end points in the REG1 group and 1 in the unfractionated heparin group, with 1 major bleed in the unfractionated heparin group. Median activated clotting time values rose from 151 to 236 seconds after @entity26909 . Administration of the partial @entity26910 dose reversed anticoagulation to an intermediate activated clotting time value of 186 seconds. Complete reversal with @entity26910 returned the median activated clotting time value to 144 seconds. Both reversal strategies enabled scheduled femoral sheath removal. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the clinical translation of a novel platform of anticoagulation targeting factor IXa and its active reversal to percutaneous coronary intervention and provides the basis for further investigation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00715455.

title: First clinical application of an actively reversible direct factor IXa inhibitor as an anticoagulation strategy in XXXX undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic complications']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sternal @entity5 in childhood are rare and alarming. These can be differentiated into benign and @entity5 . This differentiation is important for the prevention of unnecessary diagnostic testing. CASE REPORT: An 11-month-old @entity1 was seen at the Emergency Department for an acute sternal @entity4 without obvious @entity130 or @entity221 . There were no other symptoms or abnormalities found on physical examination. An ultrasound revealed a typical 'dumb bell' sign. This finding, in combination with the clinical picture, indicated a 'self-limiting sternal @entity5 of childhood' (SELSTOC). Because of this diagnosis, the continuation of further examinations and treatment was abandoned and an expectative course was followed. The @entity4 completely disappeared within a few weeks. CONCLUSION: SELSTOC is a benign @entity4 on the sternum occurring in childhood, probably caused by @entity32 . Its acute presentation is alarming and leads to over-diagnosing. However, the combination of the typical clinical presentation and the characteristic ultrasonographic dumb-bell sign justifies an expectative course. The abnormality resolves spontaneously within 6 months.

title: [An @entity1 with sternal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['swelling']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Helium is used as an insufflation gas to avoid the negative properties of @entity544 ( @entity515 ), such as @entity515 accumulation, @entity520 , and @entity591 , particularly in the case of insufficient respiratory function, seen also in infancy. Any laparoscopic procedure carries the risk of a @entity3728 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven anesthetized piglets (weighing 9.9-12.8 kg), randomized into three groups, served as models for pre-teenage @entity1 . Three piglets received a @entity515 @entity887 , followed by a helium @entity887 of 2   mL/kg, respectively. Helium was administered to three piglets, whereas both gases were repeatedly administered alternately to one piglet. The @entity887 were administered for 30 seconds via a central venous line. Cardiac output was measured using the thermodilution method. The observation period for each @entity887 was 60 minutes in Groups 1 and 2 and 15 minutes in Group 3. RESULTS: All animals survived @entity515 @entity887 . Four of the six piglets died after helium @entity887 . Following helium @entity887 there was a prompt initial decrease in the end-tidal @entity515 pressure and an initial increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure. A further @entity551 was prevented by a compensatory increase in the heart rate and appeared just before death. After only 5 minutes cardiac output showed a 25% decline from the initial value. Helium @entity887 led to a severe increase in the pulmonary dead space. CONCLUSIONS: Embolisms with the smallest amounts of helium administered via direct @entity1211 have an immediate lethal impact. Extended perioperative monitoring and trocar placement under vision should be performed.

title: Embolism risk analysis--helium versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['gas embolism']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolisms', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous puncture']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in arterial blood pressure']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current recommendations by the National @entity5 Network and other groups suggest that follow-up of cutaneous @entity320 may include chest radiography (CXR) at 6- to 12-month intervals. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of routine CXR for recurrence surveillance in @entity320 . METHODS: Post hoc analysis was performed on data from a prospective, randomized, multi-institutional study on @entity320 >= 1.0 mm in Breslow thickness. All @entity1 underwent excision of the primary @entity320 and sentinel node biopsy with completion lymphadenectomy for positive sentinel nodes. Yearly CXR and clinical assessments were obtained during follow-up. Results of routine CXR were compared with clinical disease states over the course of the study. RESULTS: A total of 1,235 @entity1 were included in the analysis over a median follow-up of 74 months (range, 12-138). Overall, 210 @entity1 (17.0%) had a recurrence, most commonly local or in-transit. Review of CXR results showed that 4,218 CXR were obtained in 1,235 @entity1 either before, or in the absence of, initial recurrence. To date, 88% (n = 3,722) CXR are associated with no evidence of recurrence. Of CXR associated with recurrence, only 7.7% (n = 38) of surveillance CXR were read as "abnormal." Overall, 99% (n  =  4,180) of CXR were read as either "normal" or found to be falsely positive (read as "abnormal," but without evidence of recurrence on investigation). Only 0.9% (n = 38) of all CXR obtained were true positives ("abnormal" CXR, with confirmed first known recurrence). Among these 38 @entity1 with true positive CXR, 35 revealed widely disseminated disease (multiorgan or bilateral pulmonary metastases); only 3 (0.2%) had isolated pulmonary metastases amenable to resection. Sensitivity and specificity for surveillance CXR in detecting initial recurrence were 7.7% and 96.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The routine use of surveillance CXR provides no clinically useful information in the follow-up of @entity1 with @entity320 . CXR does not detect recurrence at levels sufficient to justify its routine use and, therefore, cannot be recommended as part of the standard surveillance regimen for these @entity1 .

title: Surveillance after surgical treatment of XXXX : futility of routine chest radiography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite the progressive increase in the number of antidepressants, many @entity1 with major @entity308 continue to be symptomatic. Clearly, there is an urgent need to develop better tolerated and more effective treatments for this disorder. The use of @entity7726 (SAMe), a naturally occurring molecule that serves as a @entity5498 donor in @entity1 cellular metabolism, as adjunctive treatment for antidepressant nonresponders with major @entity308 represents one such effort toward novel pharmacotherapy development. METHOD: @entity1 were 73 @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SRI) nonresponders with major @entity308 enrolled in a 6-week, double-blind, randomized trial of adjunctive oral SAMe (target dose: 800 mg/twice daily). @entity1 continued to receive their SRI treatment at a stable dose throughout the 6-week trial. The primary outcome measure for the study was the response rates according to the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). RESULTS: The HAM-D response and remission rates were higher for @entity1 treated with adjunctive SAMe (36.1% and 25.8%, respectively) than adjunctive placebo (17.6% versus 11.7%, respectively). The number needed to treat for response and remission was approximately one in six and one in seven, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of SAMe- versus placebo-treated @entity1 who discontinued the trial for any reason (20.6% versus 29.5%, respectively), due to adverse events (5.1% versus 8.8%, respectively), or due to inefficacy (5.1% versus 11.7%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that SAMe can be an effective, well-tolerated, and safe adjunctive treatment strategy for SRI nonresponders with major @entity308 and warrant replication.

title: XXXX (SAMe) augmentation of @entity750 reuptake inhibitors for antidepressant nonresponders with major @entity308 : a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl methionine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity7726 :: (MESH:D012436,Chemical) :: ['S-adenosyl methionine']


abstract: The physiological and molecular effects of @entity286 smoke in adult @entity1 and the development of @entity5 have been well described. In contrast, how @entity286 smoke affects embryonic development remains poorly understood. Morphological studies of the fetuses of smoking pregnant @entity1 have shown various physical @entity85 induced by constant fetal exposure to @entity286 components, especially @entity1239 . In addition, @entity1239 exposure decreases fetal body weight and bone/cartilage growth in addition to decreasing cranial diameter and tibia length. Unfortunately, the molecular pathways leading to these morphological anomalies are not completely understood. In this study, we applied interactome data mining tools and small compound interaction networks to elucidate possible molecular pathways associated with the effects of @entity286 smoke components during embryonic development in pregnant female smokers. Our analysis showed a relationship between @entity1239 and 50 additional harmful substances involved in a variety of biological process that can cause abnormal proliferation, impaired cell differentiation, and increased oxidative stress. We also describe how @entity1239 can negatively affect @entity1968 signaling and cell differentiation through inhibition of @entity1968 receptors. In addition, @entity1239 causes a stress reaction and/or a pro-inflammatory response that inhibits the agonistic action of @entity1968 . Moreover, we show that the effect of cigarette smoke on the developing fetus could represent systemic and aggressive impacts in the short term, causing @entity600 during certain stages of development. Our work provides the first approach describing how different @entity286 constituents affect a broad range of biological process in @entity1 embryonic development.

title: Toxicological effects of the different substances in XXXX smoke on @entity1 embryonic development by a systems chemo-biology approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Rhythm conversion in @entity1 with post-thyrotoxic @entity955 ( @entity955 ) has been performed with @entity7306 in order to evaluate the conversion rate and to test its effect on the maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion. The duration of @entity955 ranged from 9 to 122 months (mean 31.8 months). Of 81 @entity1 , 12 (15%) with relatively short duration @entity955 were converted to sinus rhythm with @entity7306 . The remaining 69 @entity1 required DC cardioversion, which restored sinus rhythm in 58 @entity1 . The 58 DC-converted @entity1 were divided into two groups: a @entity7306 group (D group) and a non- @entity7306 group (non-D group). The D group received @entity7306 300 mg per day for 3 months after DC cardioversion and the non-D group did not receive anti-arrhythmic drugs. During the early observation period, only one @entity1 relapsed in the D group into @entity955 , but 5 successive @entity1 in the non-D group reverted to @entity955 , forcing discontinuation of the non-D protocol. A second DC cardioversion performed on 3 of those 5 @entity1 was followed by maintenance therapy with @entity7306 300 mg per day, and they remained in sinus rhythm. With the inclusion of those three subjects, sinus rhythm was still present in 44 of the total of 58 @entity1 converted by DC (76%) at the time of follow-up (64 months). Thus, @entity7306 was effective in rhythm conversion and it was essential for the maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion in @entity1 with post-thyrotoxic @entity955 .

title: Efficacy of @entity7306 in conversion and prophylaxis of post-thyrotoxic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test whether retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are able to induce myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) differentiation from bone marrow (BM) progenitors. METHODS: BM cells were cocultured with or without RPE cells in the presence of @entity2304 and @entity58 . Numbers of resultant MDSCs were assessed by flow cytometry after 6 days of incubation. The ability of the RPE cell-induced MDSCs to inhibit T cells was evaluated by a CFSE-based T-cell proliferation assay. To explore the mechanism by which RPE cells induce MDSC differentiation, @entity26327 -deficient RPE cells and blocking antibodies against @entity641 , @entity27357 , and @entity777 were used. RPE cell-induced MDSCs were adoptively transferred into @entity19 immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein in complete Freund's adjuvant to test their efficacy in suppressing autoreactive T-cell responses in experimental autoimmune @entity1596 (EAU). RESULTS: RPE cells induced the differentiation of MDSCs. These RPE cell-induced MDSCs significantly inhibited T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. @entity26327 -deficient RPE cells induced MDSC differentiation as efficiently as wild-type RPE cells, and neutralizing @entity641 or @entity27357 did not alter the numbers of induced MDSCs. However, blocking @entity777 reduced the efficacy of RPE cell-induced MDSC differentiation. Finally, adoptive transfer of RPE cell-induced MDSCs suppressed @entity25948 -specific T-cell responses that led to EAU. CONCLUSIONS: RPE cells induce the differentiation of MDSCs from bone marrow progenitors. Both cell surface molecules and soluble factors are important in inducing MDSC differentiation. @entity26327 , @entity641 , and @entity27357 were not measurably involved in RPE cell-induced MDSC differentiation, whereas @entity777 was important in the process. The induction of MDSCs could be another mechanism by which RPE cells control immune reactions in the retina, and RPE cell-induced MDSCs should be further investigated as a potential approach to therapy for autoimmune posterior @entity1596 .

title: Myeloid suppressor cells induced by retinal pigment epithelial cells inhibit autoreactive T-cell responses that lead to experimental autoimmune XXXX .

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: The recent increase in the clinical use of synthetic @entity904 compounds has led to concern of possible side effects. Some of these effects are known to be influenced by dietary levels of @entity2067 . We therefore compared the toxic effects of @entity10211 (13cisRA), @entity7837 (ROAc), and @entity11069 (4HPR) in male @entity35 maintained on diets containing different levels of @entity2067 . Animals were fed either an NIH-07 diet supplemented with @entity8197 (3.1 ppm @entity8197 ), an NIH-07 diet not supplemented with @entity8197 , or an AIN-076 purified diet devoid of @entity2067 . The @entity4878 had no effect on prothrombin times of animals fed the supplemented diet. When @entity8197 was omitted from the diet, however, 4HPR-dosed animals had elevated prothrombin times. This effect was observed as early as Day 7 and was accompanied by one confirmed @entity548 . 13cisRA-dosed animals showed no change in prothrombin times. In the high-dose ROAc group, there was a twofold increase in prothrombin times but only after prolonged dosing. In animals fed the NIH-07 diets, 13cisRA and ROAc induced multiple @entity174 at all dose levels. In contrast, 4HPR administered at the highest dose induced only one @entity174 in one animal. Animals fed the purified diet lost weight faster and diet sooner than those maintained on the other diets. @entity174 were not observed in these animals because of early deaths resulting from @entity548 . For all @entity554 -dosed groups maintained on the purified diet, changes in prothrombin times occured as early as 1 week. The order of effect was 4HPR greater than ROAc greater than 13cisRA, with increases in prothrombin times correlating with @entity204 . Hence, the degree of @entity554 -induced @entity548 , but not the incidence of @entity174 , was inversely related to @entity2067 levels in the diet. 13cisRA and ROAc, but not 4HPR, caused a dose-dependent reduction in plasma @entity9356 , an effect that correlated with @entity554 -induced bone effects. In contrast, serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated in animals dosed with 13cisRA or 4HPR but not in those dose with ROAc. For this enzyme, the electrophoretic pattern on agarose gel showed a decrease, compared to controls, in the major isozyme in serum of ROAc-dosed animals. Hence, plasma @entity9356 is a better predictor of @entity554 -induced bone effects than serum alkaline phosphatase.

title: @entity554 -induced @entity548 and bone toxicity in XXXX fed diets deficient in @entity2067 .

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K3', 'menadione']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging', 'hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic death']

entities_list: @entity11069 :: ('MESH:D017313', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'Bone fractures', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity7837 :: ('MESH:C009166', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['increases in hemorrhagic deaths']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Background Deciding how to manage an unruptured @entity438 can be difficult for @entity1 and physicians due to controversies about management. The decision as to when and how to intervene may be variable depending on physicians' interpretation of available data regarding natural history and morbidity and mortality of interventions. Another significant factor in the decision process is the @entity1 ' conception of the risks of @entity397 and interventions and the psychological burden of harboring an unruptured @entity438 . Objective   To describe which factors are being considered when @entity1 and their physicians decide how to manage unruptured @entity438 .   Materials _ methods   In a retrospective chart review study, we identified @entity1 seen for evaluation of an unruptured @entity438 . Data was collected regarding @entity1 and @entity439 characteristics. The physician note pertaining to the management decision was reviewed for documented reasons for intervention. Results   Of 88 @entity1 included, 36 (41%) decided to undergo open or endovascular surgery for at least one unruptured @entity438 . @entity439 were present in 14 (16%) @entity1 . Younger @entity1 and current smokers were more likely to undergo surgery, but gender and race did not affect management. @entity439 size and location strongly influenced management. The most common documented reasons underlying the decision of whether to intervene were the risk of @entity397 , @entity439 size, and risks of the procedure. For 23 @entity439 (21%), there were no factors documented for the management decision.   Conclusion   The risk of @entity397 of unruptured @entity438 may be underestimated by currently available natural history data. Major factors weighed by physicians in management decisions include @entity439 size and location, the @entity1 's age, and medical comorbidities along with the risk of procedural complications. Additional data is needed to define specific @entity439 characteristics and @entity1 factors that influence @entity397 , in particular in small @entity439 . Physicians should carefully document their rationale along with the @entity1 's perspective given the controversial nature of these management decisions.

title: Factors Influencing the Management of Unruptured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity35985 (BBM) has been reported with antitumor activities. BBM inhibited the growth of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) cells and caused vacuolization of mitochondria in preliminary study. We hypothesized BBM could enhance apoptosis of @entity263 cells through mitochondrial pathway. METHODS: Growth of @entity5049 and LNCaP cells treated by BBM was determined by cell viability assay. The morphology of mitochondria was observed by electron microscopy. Apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry. Expressions of @entity589 / @entity588 , active @entity8187 and active @entity522 were examined by western blot and real-time PCR. @entity11681 , an inhibitor of @entity4674 , was added to examine its blockade effect on BBM. @entity5049 cells were injected subcutaneously into athymic @entity19 , and BBM or saline was administrated intravenously. Diameters of induced @entity5 were compared, and ratios of apoptotic cells in @entity5 tissues were calculated. RESULTS: BBM inhibited viability of cultured @entity5049 and LNCaP cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Flow cytometry showed BBM induced apoptosis in cultured cells. Mitochondria showed swelling, vacuolization and fused mitochondrial cristae. Western blot and real-time PCR analysis both showed increases of @entity589 / @entity588 , active @entity8187 and active @entity522 . @entity11681 impeded effect of BBM on inducing apoptosis of cultured cells, and activations of @entity8187 and @entity522 were also inhibited. Growth of @entity5 by grafted @entity5049 cells was significantly slower in BBM group. Ratios of apoptotic cells in @entity5 were significantly higher in BBM group. Expressions of active @entity8187 and active @entity522 in @entity5 were significantly upregulated by BBM. CONCLUSIONS: BBM exhibited strong anti- @entity263 activities in vitro and in vivo relying on activating @entity522 via intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, holding a great promise to develop new strategies for @entity263 .

title: XXXX inhibited the growth of @entity263 cells in vivo and in vitro via triggering intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11681 :: ('MESH:D008704', 'Chemical') :: ['Methazolamide']

entities_list: @entity35985 :: ('MESH:C027870', 'Chemical') :: ['Berbamine']

answer: @entity35985 :: (MESH:C027870,Chemical) :: ['Berbamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and tolerability of a single subcutaneous (SC) dose of ofatumumab, a fully human anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody, in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) taking background @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). Secondary objectives included characterizing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. METHODS: In this single-blind, phase I/II study, 35 @entity1 with @entity309 were randomized in 5 cohorts to receive a single subcutaneous (SC) ofatumumab dose ranging from 0.3 to 100 mg, or placebo, following premedication with oral @entity1443 and @entity16206 . @entity1 were followed for 24 weeks with extended followup to monitor B cell and immunoglobulin recovery for up to 2 years if required. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 received the following treatment: 0.3 mg, n = 4; 3 mg, n = 6; 30 mg, n = 8; 60 mg, n = 6; 100 mg, n = 3; placebo, n = 8. The most common adverse events in the combined ofatumumab groups were @entity10 , @entity390 , and @entity1729 . Because of tolerability concerns, only 3 @entity1 were given 100 mg. For the 30-100 mg doses, median maximum plasma concentration values ranged from 4.02 to 4.49 days. Mean elimination half-life values ranged from 5.20 to 6.83 days. Increasing peripheral median B cell depletion was observed from 0.3 mg up to 30 mg, and full target B cell depletion was achieved with 30 mg, 60 mg, and 100 mg. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity309 @entity1 with SC ofatumumab doses of 30 mg or higher resulted in profound and prolonged B cell depletion in blood. Single doses up to 60 mg were tolerated without glucocorticoid premedication. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00686868).

title: Subcutaneously administered ofatumumab in XXXX : a phase I/II study of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity9598 ( @entity9598 ) is a @entity154 found in 3-8 per 1,000 births, which may be associated with other anomalies. Previous studies on this topic included small groups of selected subjects, resulting in large variations in findings. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics and associated anomalies of newborn @entity1 with @entity9598 compared with the general population of newborn @entity1 . The study included newborn @entity1 delivered between 1993 and 2003 at the Department of Neonatology of Rabin Medical Center, Israel. Charts of all newborns diagnosed with @entity9598 were reviewed for @entity2143 , then compared with non- @entity9598 newborns. @entity9598 was diagnosed in 258 of 67,289 newborns (0.38%), with left-side predominance (77%). Major @entity600 were found in 7% of @entity9598 @entity1 , 3.5-fold higher than in the total Israeli population. @entity154 were present in 15% of the @entity9598 group, and deformations in 4.6%. There was a higher rate of forceps deliveries in the @entity9598 group (RR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.37-5.42). @entity9598 was more prevalent among females, and the male:female ratio was lower in the @entity9598 group (0.86 vs. 1.06, P = 0.05). The rate of low-birth-weight @entity1 was 3.9% among @entity9598 @entity1 and 9.6% in the control group (RR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23-0.76). No significant between-group difference was found for rates of primiparity, @entity8455 , prematurity, postmaturity, or size-for-gestational-age. Thus, @entity9598 is associated with a high rate of major @entity600 . This should prompt clinicians to seek for additional @entity600 in @entity9598 @entity1 .

title: Increased rate of major birth @entity600 in XXXX with neonatal "asymmetric crying face": a hospital-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Mild anomalies', 'minor anomaly']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['ACF', 'Asymmetric crying face']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'birth defects']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric and neonatal details']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: AIMS: Recently, @entity661 have received a guideline class IIa recommendation in the treatment of in-stent @entity256 after bare metal stent implantation. It is not known if different balloons perform equally. Using a large real world registry, @entity256 frequency was reported for two @entity661 . METHODS AND RESULTS: From April 2009 until September 2011, 1,129 @entity1 were treated with @entity1311 -eluting balloons in Sweden. Mean follow-up was 328    210 days. Nine hundred and nineteen @entity1 were treated with a balloon using a contrast agent as a drug-carrier and 217 with a balloon without a contrast agent as a drug-carrier. The indications were predominantly de novo (45.4%) or in-stent restenotic (51.8%) lesions. The overall incidence of @entity256 at six months was 3.4% with the @entity1311 balloon using a contrast agent as carrier, compared with 12.5% with the @entity1311 -eluting balloon without a carrier (risk ratio: 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.26-0.68]). After adjusting for indications, lesion types and procedural factors, the risk ratio was 0.39; 95% CI (0.24-0.65). CONCLUSIONS: This observational study from a large real world population shows a major difference between two @entity1311 -eluting balloons. The findings suggest that there are no class effects for @entity661 and factors other than the drug may be important for the clinical effect.

title: Comparison of two XXXX : a report from the SCAAR registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['drug-eluting balloons']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['drug-eluting balloons']


abstract: PURPOSE: In vivo efficacy and safety of @entity5348 -based copolymers armed with @entity632 via a spacer containing pH-sensitive linkage that can be prepared within a broad range of attached drug contents (1) was tested in @entity19 @entity5 models. METHODS: @entity19 bearing T cell lymphoma @entity28544 or B cell lymphoma 38C13 were treated with a single dose of the conjugate (15, 25, and 75 mg Dox eq./kg i.v.) in a therapeutic regime. Anti- @entity5 resistance of the cured animals was proved by a second challenge with a lethal dose of @entity5 cells without additional treatment. RESULTS: The content of drug bound to the polymer is an important parameter in relation to the conjugate therapeutic efficacy. The best anti- @entity5 effects were produced by conjugates with 10 - 13 wt% of bound @entity632 . Free @entity632 up to 4.6% relative to total drug content had no impact on the treatment efficacy and acute @entity137 . The conjugates induced a complete cure of @entity19 and regular treatment-dependent development of specific anti- @entity5 resistance. No myelosuppression or organ damage was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A well-defined @entity5348 copolymer- @entity632 conjugate with pH-sensitive drug release is a good candidate for clinical trials as it has remarkable anti- @entity5 efficacy and a favorable safety profile.

title: Preclinical evaluation of linear XXXX - @entity632 conjugates with pH-sensitive drug release: efficacy, safety, and immunomodulating activity in @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5348 :: (MESH:C032802,Chemical) :: ['HPMA']


abstract: Evidence documenting the safety of acid-suppressing drugs in pregnancy is very limited. The authors assessed the prevalence of @entity600 in first trimester-exposed pregnancies to @entity4444 , @entity4546 , and @entity5616 and compared it with nonexposed pregnancies between 1991 and 1996. Two different sources were used, the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database and the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia Health Database. The final study cohort included 1,179 pregnancies from the United Kingdom and 1,057 from Italy. Abortions or ectopic pregnancies were not included. There were 20 stillbirths and 2,261 live-born babies in both cohorts combined, with 100 offspring identified with a @entity600 . The overall @entity600 rate was 4.4%. The relative risks for nongenetic @entity600 associated with the use of @entity4444 , @entity4546 , and @entity5616 were 1.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6, 2.3), 0.9 (95% CI: 0.3, 2.2), and 1.4 (95% CI: 0.8, 2.4), respectively, compared with the nonexposed. No specific grouping in the distribution of malformations was observed in any of the three exposed groups. Moreover, no relation was found between drug exposure and @entity3152 or @entity851 . These findings suggest that the use of acid-suppressing drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy is not associated with a major teratogenic risk.

title: Use of @entity4444 , @entity4546 , and XXXX in pregnant women and pregnancy outcomes.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: @entity286 is one of the major causes of premature deaths in the world, and any effort to improve the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation is worth while. The costs and effects in years of life saved (YLS) were estimated for a @entity286 'Quit and Win' (Q_W) contest in Sweden. The contest was conducted during the autumn of 1988 and included two strategies: a national mass media strategy and an organizational strategy for Stockholm County. A total of 12,840 @entity1 participated in the Q_W contest. The model for analysis included programme effects and programme costs, and the data was presented in (YLS). Both effects and costs were discounted. Data about non-smoking @entity1 after 12 months and the number of spontaneous quitters was based on random samples of @entity1 and of the general population, respectively. The programme costs included intervention as well as evaluation costs, e.g. costs of personnel, campaign materials, distribution, prizes for the contest, rent and administration and overhead costs for the project group and the collaborating organizations. The cost per YLS varied between US 188 and US 1222. The Q_W contest, as a method of helping @entity286 users quit, compares favourably with most preventive and treatment programmes, and the method seems to be quite an effective way for society to use scarce resources.

title: Cost-effectiveness of a XXXX 'quit and win' contest in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the viability of the possibility to use a higher D-dimer value than the one used today in the clinical algorithms evaluating @entity1 suspected to have @entity1151 . Methods. A retrospective analysis of 300 serial @entity1 for whom D-dimer values were taken during a 10 month period in the emergency room of a tertiary medical center. Results. Our analysis showed that it may be safe and cost effective to use a D-dimer value of 900   ng/ml rather than the value of 500   ng/ml accepted today, with sensitivity of 94.4%. In younger @entity1 [under 40 years] the sensitivity reached was even higher-100%. Conclusions. Raising cutoff values of D-dimer in screening for @entity1151 seems a viable option. There may be a place for "tailoring" cutoff values according individual @entity1 characteristics, such as according age groups. More studies of the subject are warranted.

title: Shifting up cutoff value of d-dimer in the evaluation of XXXX : a viable option? Possible risks and benefits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: A double antibody radioimmunoassay technique was developed for the measurement of @entity1675 , the major apoprotein of @entity1 high density lipoproteins. @entity1675 was prepared from @entity1 delipidated high density lipoprotein (d equal to 1.085-1.210) by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Purified @entity1675 antibodies were obtained by means of @entity1675 immunoadsorbent. @entity1675 was radiolabeled with 125-I by the @entity34627 technique. 65-80% of 125 I-labeled @entity1675 could be bound by the different @entity1675 antibodies, and more than 95% of the 125-I-labeled @entity1675 was displaced by unlabeled @entity1675 . The immunoassay was found to be sensitive for the detection of about 10 ng of @entity1675 in the incubation mixture, and accurate with a variability of only 3-5% (S.E.M.). This technique enables the quantitation of @entity1675 in whole plasma or high density lipoprotein without the need of delipidation. The quantitation of @entity1675 in high density lipoprotein was found similar to that obtained by gel filtration technique. The displacement capacity of the different lipoproteins and apoproteins in comparison to unlabeled @entity1675 was: very low density lipoprotein, 1.8%; low density lipoprotein, 2.6%; high density lipoprotein, 68%; @entity755 , non-detectable; apolipoprotein C, 0.5%; and @entity3294 , 4%. The distribution of immunoassayable @entity1675 among the different plasma lipoproteins was as follows: smaller than 1% in very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein; 50% in high density lipoprotein, and 50% in lipoprotein fraction of density greater than 1.21 g/ml. The amount of @entity1675 in the latter fraction was found to be related to the number of centrifugations.

title: Radioimmunoassay of XXXX high density lipoprotein apo-protein A-1.

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity34627 :: ('MESH:C009813', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine monochloride']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I', 'Apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity3294 :: ('336', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-II']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We did a randomised phase 3 trial assessing the benefit of addition of long-term @entity342 suppression with a luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist to external irradiation in @entity1 with @entity263 with high metastatic risk. In this report, we present the 10-year results. METHODS: For this open-label randomised trial, eligible @entity1 were younger than 80 years and had newly diagnosed histologically proven T1-2 @entity263 with WHO histological grade 3 or T3-4 @entity263 of any histological grade, and a WHO performance status of 0-2. @entity1 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive radiotherapy alone or radiotherapy plus immediate @entity342 suppression. Treatment allocation was open label and used a minimisation algorithm with institution, clinical stage of the disease, results of pelvic-lymph-node dissection, and irradiation fields extension as minimisation factors. @entity1 were irradiated externally, once a day, 5 days a week, for 7 weeks to a total dose of 50 Gy to the whole pelvis, with an additional 20 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles. The LHRH agonist, @entity10925 (3  6 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks), was started on the first day of irradiation and continued for 3 years; @entity3429 (50 mg orally three times a day) was given for 1 month starting a week before the first goserelin injection. The primary endpoint was clinical disease-free survival. Analysis was by intention to treat. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00849082. FINDINGS: Between May 22, 1987, and Oct 31, 1995, 415 @entity1 were randomly assigned to treatment groups and were included in the analysis (208 radiotherapy alone, 207 combined treatment). Median follow-up was 9  1 years (IQR 5  1-12  6). 10-year clinical disease-free survival was 22  7% (95% CI 16  3-29  7) in the radiotherapy-alone group and 47  7% (39  0-56  0) in the combined treatment group (hazard ratio [HR] 0  42, 95% CI 0  33-0  55, p<0  0001). 10-year overall survival was 39  8% (95% CI 31  9-47  5) in @entity1 receiving radiotherapy alone and 58  1% (49  2-66  0) in those allocated combined treatment (HR 0  60, 95% CI 0  45-0  80, p=0  0004), and 10-year prostate- @entity5 mortality was 30  4% (95% CI 23  2-37  5) and 10  3% (5  1-15  4), respectively (HR 0  38, 95% CI 0  24-0  60, p<0  0001). No significant difference in cardiovascular mortality was noted between treatment groups both in @entity1 who had cardiovascular problems at study entry (eight of 53 @entity1 in the combined treatment group had a cardiovascular-related cause of death vs 11 of 63 in the radiotherapy group; p=0  60) and in those who did not (14 of 154 vs six of 145; p=0  25). Two @entity174 were reported in @entity1 allocated combined treatment. INTERPRETATION: In @entity1 with @entity263 with high metastatic risk, immediate @entity342 suppression with an LHRH agonist given during and for 3 years after external irradiation improves 10-year disease-free and overall survival without increasing late cardiovascular @entity137 .

title: External irradiation with or without long-term XXXX suppression for @entity263 with high metastatic risk: 10-year results of an EORTC randomised study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity10925 :: ('MESH:D017273', 'Chemical') :: ['goserelin acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: A 21-year-old @entity1 had suffered from repeated @entity1333 and @entity3139 with @entity221 and chills after following mosquito bites since age 7. These manifestations were confirmed with a direct mosquito bite test during her admission to another hospital at age 17. The @entity1 presented to our hospital with progressive @entity1353 , productive cough and intermittent @entity221 for one week. In addition to the bilateral infiltrative lesions on chest roentgenography, @entity828 with an @entity409 test, @entity3043 , and elevated IgE were also detected. Blood and sputum cultures grew no microorganisms. @entity9653 -IgM, Cytomegalovirus-IgM and Mycoplasma pneumonia antibodies were all negative. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed @entity22964 with hemophagocytosis. No atypical histiocyte was found. The @entity1 was put on @entity619 treatment with improvement. Unfortunately, symptoms relapsed two weeks later. A repeated @entity236 and biopsy revealed a picture similar to the previous one. Despite antibiotic administration and ventilator support, a rapidly deteriorated course terminated in the @entity1 's @entity204 by @entity1576 . Mosquito bite @entity566 were reported to be associated with @entity5 in Japan. However, atypical histiocytes were not found in our case upon repeated @entity236 , biopsies and skin biopsies. Mature histiocytes with hemophagocytosis were prominent instead. Reactive @entity22964 was thus favored rather than @entity5 . Although @entity1292 cannot be excluded, we propose that a mosquito bite @entity566 with consequent histiocytic activation by antigen, immune complex or IgE is the possible pathogenetic mechanism for hemophagocytic @entity22964 in this @entity1 .

title: [Mosquito bite @entity566 terminating as hemophagocytic XXXX : report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity22964 :: ('MESH:D015614', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Species') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration', 'bone marrow aspirations']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

answer: @entity22964 :: (MESH:D015614,Disease) :: ['histiocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common @entity792 tend to coexist in the same @entity1 . Few studies have examined the possible association between @entity1669 and @entity1569 or @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ), with inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity1669 in psoriatic @entity1 with or without @entity5144 , living in an @entity1496 -sufficient area. METHODS: We studied prospectively, 114 psoriatic @entity1 with disease duration of 5-38 years, 30 of them with @entity5144 , and 286 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched subjects without @entity1569 or known @entity1374 or @entity792 . A detailed medical history was obtained from all @entity1 and clinical examination and laboratory evaluation was performed. Psoriasis severity was assessed with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). @entity1669 was defined by the presence of positive autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin. RESULTS: There was no difference in the prevalence of @entity1669 between psoriatic @entity1 and controls (20.2% vs. 19.6%). The prevalence of @entity1669 in male and female psoriatic @entity1 was similar (9.6% and 10.5% respectively), in contrast to the increased, as expected, prevalence in female vs. male controls (14.7% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.01). Detected cases with @entity1375 due to @entity1669 were similar in psoriatic @entity1 and controls (7.9% and 7.0% respectively). @entity1669 in psoriatic @entity1 was not related with age of @entity1569 onset, @entity1569 duration, PASI score, @entity5144 and @entity28 . CONCLUSION: These data support that psoriatic @entity1 with or without @entity5144 do not have an increased risk for @entity1669 .

title: No association of @entity1569 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune thyroiditis', 'autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']


abstract: The molecular basis of thermal stability of globular proteins is a highly significant yet unsolved problem. The most promising approach to its solution is the investigation of the structure-function relationship of homologous enzymes from mesophilic and thermophilic sources. In this context, @entity30536 dehydrogenase has been the most extensively studied model system. In the present study, the most thermostable homolog isolated so far is described with special emphasis on the stability of the enzyme under varying solvent conditions. @entity30536 dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium @entity10031 is an intrinsically thermostable enzyme with a thermal transition temperature around 110 degrees C. The @entity535 sequence, electrophoresis, and sedimentation analysis prove the enzyme to be a homotetramer with a gross structure similar to its mesophilic counterparts. The enzyme in the absence and in the presence of its coenzyme, @entity2125 +, exhibits no drastic structural differences except for a 3% change in sedimentation velocity reflecting slight alterations in the quaternary structure of the enzyme. At low temperature, in the absence of denaturants, neither "cold denaturation" nor subunit dissociation are detectable. @entity2097 and pH-dependent deactivation precede the decrease in fluorescence emission and ellipticity, suggesting a complex denaturation mechanism. An up to 3-fold activation of the enzyme at low @entity2097 concentration may be interpreted in terms of a compensation of the tight packing of the thermophilic enzyme at low temperature. Under destabilizing conditions, e.g. moderate concentrations of chaotropic agents, low temperature favors denaturation. The effect becomes important in reconstitution experiments after preceding @entity2097 denaturation; the reactivation yield at low temperature drops to zero, whereas between 35 and 80 degrees C reactivation exceeds 80%. Shifting the temperature from approximately 0 degrees C to greater than or equal to 30 degrees C releases a trapped tetrameric intermediate in a fast reaction. Concentration-dependent reactivation experiments prove renaturation of the enzyme to involve consecutive folding and association steps. Reconstitution at room temperature yields the native protein, in spite of the fact that the temperature of the processes in vitro and in vivo differ by more than 60 degrees C.

title: Stability and reconstitution of @entity30536 dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity30536 :: ('CHEBI:29052', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate', 'D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10031 :: ('2336', 'Species') :: ['Thermotoga maritima']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidinium', 'Guanidinium chloride']

answer: @entity10031 :: (2336,Species) :: ['Thermotoga maritima']


abstract: Gene fusion is a common event in @entity5 . The fusion RNA and protein products often play causal roles in tumorigenesis and therefore represent ideal diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Formerly, fusion chimeric products in @entity5 were thought to be produced solely by chromosomal translocation. Here, we show that a chimeric @entity25792 - @entity25793 RNA is generated in the absence of chromosomal rearrangement. We showed that it is not a product of RNA trans-splicing, but formed by cis-splicing of adjacent genes/read-through. The binding of @entity34650 ( @entity34650 ) to the insulator sequences inversely correlates with the expression of the chimera transcript. The @entity25792 - @entity25793 fusion, but not wild-type, @entity25793 plays important roles in regulating cell growth in both @entity342 -dependent and -independent @entity263 cells. The level of the chimeric transcript correlates with disease progression, with the highest levels in @entity263 @entity3 . Our results suggest that gene fusions can arise from cis-splicing of adjacent genes without corresponding DNA changes. SIGNIFICANCE: With the absence of corresponding DNA rearrangement, chimeric fusion @entity25792 - @entity25793 transcript in @entity263 cells is generated by cis-splicing of adjacent genes/gene read-through instead of trans-splicing. @entity25792 - @entity25793 controls @entity263 cell proliferation, and the chimera level correlates with @entity263 disease progression.

title: Chimeric transcript generated by cis-splicing of adjacent genes regulates XXXX cell proliferation.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity34650 :: ('10664', 'Gene') :: ['CCCTC-binding factor', 'CTCF']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether adjuvant chemotherapy (CMT) improves survival in @entity1 with low-risk Stage II @entity694 . We aimed to determine the disease-free survival (DFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) of low-risk Stage II @entity694 @entity1 treated with adjuvant tegafur/ @entity5537 (UFUR). METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2011, the follow-up status of 278 low-risk Stage II @entity694 @entity1 who underwent surgery in a single medical center was retrospectively analyzed. These @entity1 were divided into three groups based on whether they received adjuvant CMT with UFUR, adjuvant CMT with @entity1487 , or surgery alone. DFS and 5-year OS curves were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: In the study population, including 278 low-risk Stage II @entity694 @entity1 with a mean age of 68.28      13.01  years, 132 (47.5%) received adjuvant CMT with UFUR, 49 (17.6%) received adjuvant CMT with @entity1487 , and 97 (34.9%) underwent radical surgery alone. At 5  years, the adjusted DFS and OS of low-risk Stage II @entity694 @entity1 were 85.5% and 81.8%, respectively, in the surgery alone group and 97.9% and 96.2%, respectively, in the surgery plus UFUR > 12  months group (p  =  0.004 and p  =  0.098, respectively). In multivariate analysis, CMT with UFUR for more than 12  months increased DFS over surgery alone. There was no statistical difference in the 5-year OS. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant CMT treatment of low-risk Stage II @entity694 @entity1 with UFUR for more than 12  months following surgery improves DFS over surgery alone.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur/ XXXX for more than 1 year improves disease-free survival for low-risk Stage II @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5537 :: (MESH:D014498,Chemical) :: ['uracil']


abstract: Cross-linked hybrid oligomers of @entity2002 and fibrin are found in plasma from fibrinaemic @entity1 and normal individuals as well as in preparations of purified @entity1 @entity2002 . The present study was undertaken to see if such hybrid oligomers have the same stimulatory effect on @entity3479 ) conversion of plasminogen as do polymeric and monomeric fibrin. Hybrid oligomeric fibrin(ogen) material was provided by subjecting purified @entity1 @entity2002 to gel filtration in @entity1133 -containing buffer at pH 5.6. Well separated fractions of hybrid oligomeric material and monomeric @entity2002 were thus obtained. Some of this material was converted to soluble polymeric or monomeric fibrin using insolubilized thrombin. Hybrid polymeric fibrin, polymeric fibrin or monomeric fibrin were then added to citrated, normal plasma to 2.5 or 5 per cent of the plasma @entity2002 concentration. The added material was kept in solution by plasma @entity2002 . The "COA-SET Fibrin Monomer Test" (Kabi,Stocholm,Sweden), based on the ability of fibrin monomers to enhance @entity3479 mediated plasminogen-plasmin conversion, was used to compare the potential stimulatory effect of the preparations above. The results led to the following conclusions: 1) Cross-linked, soluble fibrin(ogen) hybrid polymers in a concentration of 5 per cent of plasma @entity2002 concentration (w/w) do not stimulate @entity3479 . 2) Thrombin conversion of the fibrin- @entity2002 hybrid material resulted in an increase in the rate of @entity3479 mediated plasminogen conversion, corresponding to the one observed with equivalent (w/w) amounts of fibrin monomers. Compared on a mole to mole basis, fibrin oligomers are more powerful than fibrin monomers as stimulators of @entity3479 activity.

title: Soluble, cross-linked fibrin(ogen) hybrid oligomers do not stimulate XXXX conversion of plasminogen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

answer: @entity3479 :: (5327,Gene) :: ['t-PA']