abstract: BACKGROUND: Interruption of antegrade cerebral perfusion results in transient neurologic intolerance in some @entity1 undergoing @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ). This study sought to evaluate factors that contributed to the development of @entity2806 during @entity432 and techniques used to allow successful completion of the @entity3538 procedure. METHODS: The PercuSurge @entity432 balloon was used in 43 of 165 @entity1 treated with @entity3538 for high-grade @entity850 (mean @entity850 , 90%). All 43 @entity1 were at increased risk for endarterectomy (7 restenosis, 3 irradiation, 3 contralateral @entity432 , and 30 Goldman class II-III); 20% were symptomatic. Symptoms of @entity1779 during temporary @entity432 of the internal carotid artery occurred in 10 of 43 and included @entity4653 (7/10), @entity2146 (6/10), decreased level of consciousness (5/10), and focal hemispheric deficit (3/10). An incomplete circle of Willis or contralateral carotid @entity432 , or both, was present in 8 of 10 @entity1 . Symptoms resulting from @entity432 were managed by @entity661 with or without evacuation of blood from the internal carotid artery using the Export catheter. All symptoms resolved completely without @entity432 balloon. RESULTS: The development of @entity16 after initial @entity661 and occluded internal carotid artery flow was associated with a decrease in the mean Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) from 15 to 10 (range, 9 to 14); the GCS returned to normal after @entity432 and remained normal during subsequent reinflation. The mean time to spontaneous recovery of full neurologic function was 8 minutes (range, 4 to 15 minutes). No @entity6650 were present on cerebral angiography or computed tomography scan. Balloon reinflation was performed after a mean reperfusion interval of 10 minutes after full neurologic recovery (range, 4 to 20 minutes). The mean subsequent procedure duration was 11.9 minutes (range, 6 to 21 minutes). No recurrence of @entity16 occurred when the @entity432 balloon was reinflated. All 10 @entity1 underwent successful @entity3538 without @entity432 , dissection, cerebrovascular accident, or @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Several factors may contribute to the development of neurologic intolerance during @entity3538 with @entity432 . Elucidation of the protective cellular mechanisms that invoke @entity63 after the initial transient @entity63 event may enable @entity3538 with @entity887 in @entity1 who cannot tolerate initial interruption of antegrade cerebral perfusion.

title: @entity2806 associated with XXXX during carotid stenting: Incidence and possible mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic tolerance', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'carotid angioplasty and stenting']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic protection']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon deflation', 'PercuSurge balloon inflation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion', 'occlusion', 'PercuSurge balloon occlusion', 'deficit after deflation of the occlusion', 'balloon occlusion', 'occlusion balloon deflation']

entities_list: @entity6650 :: ('MESH:D016769', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic or embolic events']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['PercuSurge balloon occlusion balloon']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the value of native and post-contrast T1 relaxation in the differentiation between healthy and diffusely diseased myocardium in 2 model conditions, @entity1121 and @entity384 . BACKGROUND: T1 mapping has been proposed as potentially valuable in the quantitative assessment of diffuse @entity296 , but no studies to date have systematically evaluated its role in the differentiation of healthy myocardium from diffuse disease in a clinical setting. METHODS: Consecutive subjects undergoing routine clinical cardiac magnetic resonance at King's College London were invited to participate in this study. Groups were based on cardiac magnetic resonance findings and consisted of subjects with known @entity1121 (n = 25) and @entity384 (n = 27). Thirty normotensive subjects with low pre-test likelihood of @entity296 , not taking any regular medications and with normal cardiac magnetic resonance findings including normal left ventricular mass indexes, served as controls. Single equatorial short-axis slice T1 mapping was performed using a 3-T scanner before and at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after the administration of 0.2 mmol/kg of @entity2288 . T1 values were quantified within the septal myocardium (T1 native), and extracellular volume fractions (ECV) were calculated. RESULTS: T1 native was significantly longer in @entity1 with @entity296 compared with control subjects (p < 0.01). Conversely, post-contrast T1 values were significantly shorter in @entity1 with @entity296 at all time points (p < 0.01). ECV was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity296 compared with controls at all time points (p < 0.01). Multivariate binary logistic regression revealed that T1 native could differentiate between healthy and diseased myocardium with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 96%, and diagnostic accuracy of 98% (area under the curve 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.96 to 1.00; p < 0.001), whereas post-contrast T1 values and ECV showed lower discriminatory performance. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that native and post-contrast T1 values provide indexes with high diagnostic accuracy for the discrimination of normal and diffusely diseased myocardium.

title: Native T1 mapping in differentiation of normal myocardium from diffuse disease in hypertrophic and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2288 :: ('MESH:C090600', 'Chemical') :: ['gadobutrol']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: We examined the effect of @entity3677 cement on venous embolization and cardiac function in 20 @entity1 having total hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia. @entity1347 and @entity4615 (presumably @entity999 ) were investigated by making videotaped recordings of the transgastric @entity851 and longitudinal 4-chamber views of the heart with transesophageal echocardiography at different points during surgery. The incidence of @entity1347 was the most frequent during insertion of cemented femoral prostheses (8 of 14 @entity1 had @entity854 ). This was significantly different from baseline measurements taken at the beginning of surgery (P < 0.05). In addition, there were also significantly more @entity1347 in @entity1 having a cemented femoral component compared to those having an uncemented femoral prosthesis (P < 0.05). The incidence of @entity854 during acetabular and femoral reaming and during wound closure was not significantly different from baseline. Intracardiac targets ( @entity999 ) were seen in all 20 @entity1 during surgery. The largest number of @entity999 during reaming of the femur and during insertion of the femoral prosthesis. Significantly more @entity999 were seen with cemented components (P < 0.02). Most @entity999 were small (< 2 mm) and appeared similar to the microbubbles produced by agitating saline with a small amount of air. Six @entity1 also had larger (> 5 mm) @entity999 that appeared to be solid material. One @entity4616 was detected (5% incidence). There were no adverse cardiac or neurologic events, and heart rate and arterial blood pressure remained within normal limits throughout surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1347 in XXXX undergoing total hip replacement: correlations with intraoperative events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short axis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Segmental wall motion abnormalities', 'segmental wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['emboli occurred', 'emboli']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac targets']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: It has been hypothesized that freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) in @entity191 @entity1 ( @entity1726 ) might be triggered by a breakdown in the normal symmetry of gait. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between asymmetry of gait and @entity6556 and the effects of intensive treadmill treatment on asymmetry. We studied 30 @entity1 with ( @entity6556 +) and 30 without ( @entity6556 -) freezing in "on" stage. @entity1 underwent a 4-week rehabilitation treatment using a treadmill with auditory and visual cues and were evaluated at enrollment and at the end of rehabilitation. Outcome measures were gait speed, stride length, asymmetry of gait, Six-minute walking test (6MWT), Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) II-III, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, comfortable-fast gait speeds, freezing of gait questionnaire (FOGQ). At enrollment, no differences in gait parameters were observed between the two groups, which differed only in UPDRS_II and BBS. Both @entity6556 + and @entity6556 - @entity1 spent more time on the left foot (time on left/time on right foot 1.37, p = 0.002, 1.18, p = 0.016, respectively). Rehabilitation determined a homogeneous improvement in both groups of @entity1 for all variables except UPDRS_II and balance, for which a better improvement was observed in @entity6556 + @entity1 . The improvement in FOGQ in @entity6556 + @entity1 was significantly correlated to the improvement in asymmetry of gait (Spearman R = 0.46, p = 0.013). Our data support a direct involvement of the asymmetry of gait in the development of @entity6556 in @entity1726 . Treadmill training is effective in improving gait and balance in @entity1726 @entity6556 + @entity1 and this might be related to a reduction of asymmetric gait.

title: Asymmetry and freezing of gait in @entity191 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study was performed to explore the interaction between chronic @entity528 and the subsequent vascular remodeling. Weekly @entity4774 administration in @entity35 from birth produces a @entity989 model characterized by @entity2000 , and @entity989 ( @entity989 ) neovascularization. We investigated the hypothesis that altered @entity26 distribution across the retina and choroid could be involved in the vascular changes seen in this @entity989 . We compared measurements of vitreal, intraretinal, and choroidal @entity26 tension ( @entity4095 ) distribution in anesthetized and ventilated control and @entity4774 -treated @entity35 at 8 and 16 wk of age with the use of @entity26 -sensitive microelectrodes. Striking differences were observed in both choroidal and intraretinal @entity4095 distribution in @entity4774 -treated @entity35 compared with controls. At both ages, intrachoroidal @entity4095 was much lower in the @entity4774 -treated @entity35 . In addition, the intraretinal @entity4095 distribution across the inner retinal layers was more uniform than normal. A small elevation in @entity4095 was present at 8 wk in the inner nuclear layer where subsequent vascular regression occurred, and a small reduction in @entity4095 was present at the @entity989 , which recovered to normal values by 16 wk in regions where @entity989 vessel networks were first evident. Although the retinal arteries were considerably thinner at both ages in the @entity4774 -treated @entity35 , the vitreal @entity4095 profiles and superficial retinal @entity4095 remained normal. The unexpected and large reduction in the @entity26 delivery from the choroid found in the @entity4774 -treated @entity35 may account for the lack of major @entity871 within the pathological retina and the lower @entity26 tension in the @entity989 before the vascular proliferation in this region. We propose that tissue @entity4095 is an important determinant of the vascular remodeling, which is seen in this model of @entity528 and that the @entity4095 distribution changes described in this study help provide a new view of the pathogenesis of this model.

title: Intraretinal @entity26 distribution in XXXX -induced @entity989 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration, retinal vascular regression']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neural degeneration']

answer: @entity4774 :: (MESH:D014520,Chemical) :: ['urethan']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined treatment of locally advanced @entity2 with the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with the use of pre- and intraoperative photodynamic therapy. 20 @entity1 with IIIa (n=7) and IIIb (n=13) stage of @entity1149 were included. At the time of diagnosis the surgical treatment was decided to abstain because of the @entity3 in 9 @entity1 , wide mediastinal invasion in 2 @entity1 and contralateral mediastinal lymph nodes metastases in 2 @entity1 ; pneumonectomy was not possible due to the poor respiratory function in 7 @entity1 . Neoadjuvant therapy included 3 courses of chemotherapy and endobronchial photodynamic therapy. During the operation, along with the lung resection (pneumonectomy - 15, lobectomy - 5), photodynamic therapy of the resection margins were carried out. No adjuvant treatment was done. Preoperative treatment led to partial regress of the disease in all cases; the goal of surgery was the complete @entity5 removal. No complications of the photodynamic therapy were observed. 18 surgical interventions were radical and two non-complete microscopically (R1). Postoperative morbidity was 20%, one @entity1 died due to massive @entity360 . The average follow-up period was 18 months: 19 @entity1 were alive, of them 18 with no signs of the disease recurrence. The first experience of the combined use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with pre- and intraoperative photodynamic therapy demonstrates safety and efficacy of the suggested treatment tactics.

title: [Photodynamic therapy in combined treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['trachea invasion']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: Adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs survival in @entity1 with @entity0 , but it also causes side effects such as @entity2670 . The incidence of @entity2588 ( @entity2588 ) varies depending on the @entity1 ' age, dose and the type of chemotherapy that they receive. @entity2588 produced by @entity4349 -based regimens has been widely studied, but less is known about the incidence of @entity2588 caused by the combined use of @entity6023 and @entity8253 . It has been suggested that @entity440 might influence the maintenance of @entity2588 . However, most studies of @entity2588 have explored series of @entity1 with hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant @entity5 , so data about @entity2588 could be strongly influenced by endocrine adjuvant therapy. The aims of our study were to assess the incidence of @entity2588 with the addition of @entity6023 to @entity8253 regimens in pre- or perimenopausal @entity1 diagnosed with hormone-sensitive @entity0 and to determine predictive factors for @entity2588 . A retrospective non-randomized study was conducted in the Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Spain. Three hundred and five premenopausal and perimenopausal @entity1 were recruited between January 1998 and May 2005, 212 of whom had been treated with @entity4349 -based regimens and 93 with a combination of @entity8253 and @entity6023 . @entity2588 was permanent in 222 @entity1 (93.7%) and menses returned in 6.3%. @entity2588 was present in 75.5% of @entity1 treated with @entity8253 and in 82.7% of @entity1 treated with @entity8253 and @entity6023 . This difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.16). @entity2588 appeared in 95% of @entity1 older than 45 years, while the proportion of @entity2588 decreased to 52% in @entity1 younger than 40 years. This suggests age as an important predictive factor for @entity2588 (p < 0.001). Although a slightly superior incidence of @entity2588 in @entity1 with hormone-sensitive @entity5 treated with combination regimens was observed, no statistically significant difference in incidence was found. Age was found to be the main predictive factor for @entity2588 in both groups.

title: Incidence of chemotherapy-induced @entity0 XXXX : the impact of addition of @entity6023 to @entity4349 -based regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian-function suppression']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea', 'Amenorrhea', 'CIA', 'amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objectives of this study were the following: (a) describe the appearance of histopathologic changes observed in @entity1 articular cartilage from the knee and @entity3681 of organ donors with no symptomatic @entity2720 ; (b) compare by in situ hybridization mRNA expression of six matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in these cartilages; (c) compare MMP mRNA expression with the histology of the cartilage; and (d) test whether the effect of @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) on the MMP mRNA expression could be detected with in situ hybridization. @entity1 articular cartilages from the knee (tibiofemoral) and ankle (talocrural) joints of 41 different donors (aged 18 to 84 years) were obtained through the Regional Organ Bank of Illinois. The microscopic appearance of the cartilages was graded on a histopathologic scale from 0 to 13 with the highest grade representing severely damaged cartilage. In situ hybridization was performed using oligonucleotide probes to three collagenases ( @entity3334 , @entity5952 , @entity1550 ), gelatinase A ( @entity1476 ), stromelysin ( @entity1549 ), and matrix type-1 metalloproteinase ( @entity1551 ). Cartilages from some donors were cultured with @entity1356 and then analyzed for MMP expression using in situ hybridization. The histopathology grades of the cartilages from the asymptomatic donors covered the entire scale even in the ankle. Based on their grades, the cartilages were described as either normal (grades 0 to 5) or damaged (grades 6 to 13). The cartilages contained message for all six MMP tested with no detectable differences in expression of @entity49543 between the normal and damaged cartilages. However the expression of @entity1549 and @entity5952 was elevated in the damaged cartilages. In normal knee cartilage, mRNA expression of @entity1549 and @entity5952 was low, whereas in normal ankle cartilage, @entity5952 expression was below the detection limit. @entity1549 and @entity5952 message was up-regulated in the damaged cartilage from both joints, or if the tissue was cultured in the presence of @entity1356 . From this study we conclude the following: (a) similar histopathologic changes occur in both knee and ankle cartilages; (b) @entity49543 are constitutively expressed in adult @entity1 cartilage; and (c) only up-regulation of mRNA expression of @entity1549 and @entity5952 could be detected with naturally occurring @entity16 and @entity1356 induction.

title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in normal and damaged articular cartilage from @entity1 knee and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle joints']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the venodilator potencies of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) III inhibitors @entity11073 and @entity17873 with the unspecific PDE inhibitors @entity2544 and @entity1502 in @entity1 hand veins in vivo. METHODS: Eighteen healthy nonsmokers (16 @entity1 and two @entity1 ) were studied using the dorsal hand vein technique. After preconstriction with the selective alpha1-adrenergic-receptor agonist @entity2647 dose-response curves were constructed for @entity11073 (1-270 microg x min(-1)), @entity17873 (1-270 microg x min(-1)), @entity2544 (5-1500 microg x min(-1)) and @entity1502 (2-877 microg x min(-1)) in a random order on separate occasions. Due to limitation in the maximum dose infused in order to avoid systemic effects, full dose-response curves could not be constructed for @entity1502 . In this case, the individual dose of @entity1502 and @entity2544 producing 50% venodilation were compared. RESULTS: All PDE inhibitors induced dose-dependent venodilation. The value of maximum venodilation was the same for @entity11073 , @entity17873 and @entity2544 . The infusion rate needed to induce 50% of maximum venodilation (ED50) was not significantly different for @entity11073 (geometric mean, 8.8 microg x min(-1)) and @entity17873 (14.2 microg x min(-1)), whereas the ED50 of @entity2544 (84.0 microg x min(-1)) was significantly higher than either @entity11073 or @entity17873 . The dose necessary to dilate the vein to 50% the maximum dilation (as determined during @entity2827 infusion) was significantly higher for @entity1502 than for @entity2544 (409 vs 71 microg x min(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that @entity17873 and @entity11073 have similar venodilatory potency which is six times higher than that of @entity2544 . The least potent vasodilator in this study was @entity1502 .

title: Dilatory effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on XXXX hand veins in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity17873 :: ('MESH:D017335', 'Chemical') :: ['enoximone']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mandatory fecal diversion has been advocated as an appropriate measure to prevent @entity281 in the clinical setting of an @entity4422 . However, the efficacy of this practice has not been verified by prospective investigation and has received only inconsistent support from retrospective analyses. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fecal diversion is associated with a substantially lower incidence of @entity166 in @entity1 with @entity4422 . DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: University-based tertiary care, level I @entity130 center. METHODS: The current study reviews our experience with 60 cases admitted from 1987 to 1993 to Harborview Medical Center, a regional level I @entity130 center. Data collected on each @entity1 included age, sex, Injury Severity Score, Glasgow @entity772 Scale, initial heart rate and systolic blood pressure, location and severity of wound, @entity174 pattern, pelvic stability, time to open reduction internal fixation or external fixation, mortality, use of fecal diversion, and incidence and location of @entity281 . Review of the literature produced an additional 186 @entity1 amenable to analysis. RESULTS: Fecal diversion was performed in 19 @entity1 , 5 (26%) of whom experienced subsequent abdominopelvic @entity166 morbidity. Of the remaining 41 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 (17%) experienced @entity166 complications. The 2 groups (diversion vs no diversion) were comparable with regard to relevant demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity130 . Combining the present series with those reported by others gave a composite series of 246 @entity1 . For the composite series, diversion was performed in 70% of @entity1 . Infection developed in 27% of @entity1 who underwent diversion vs 29% in @entity1 who did not. In the present series, only mechanical instability was determined by stepwise logistic regression to be significantly associated with @entity5280 . This association was not altered by diversion status. CONCLUSIONS: Diversion of the fecal stream to protect @entity4422 is not associated with a lower incidence of @entity166 . Diversion may offer protection to a select group of @entity1 with @entity3145 or posterior wounds. Mechanical instability was independently associated with @entity281 .

title: XXXX and fecal diversion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open pelvic fracture', 'open pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['extensive soft tissue injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['abdominopelvic infectious complications', 'infectious']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity4422 :: (MESH:D005597,Disease) :: ['Open pelvic fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2650 repair is a common pediatric operation. Several kinds of dressings are currently available, with their benefits and side effects. AIM: The aim of our study was to introduce a new method of dressing, by pouring several layers of @entity3080 (CA) glue as the dressing, in @entity2650 surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty out of the 61 @entity1 with @entity2650 , with a mean age of 13.5 months, were enrolled in this study. Forty-one had conventional dressing (pressure wrap dressing), while CA glue was used in 20 @entity1 . CA glue was applied around the penis and its base four times and each time it took one minute to dry. All @entity1 were followed postoperatively for two weeks and six to twelve months, for early and late complications, respectively. RESULTS: One out of 20 developed wound @entity1410 , one had @entity39 with @entity281 , and @entity4 was present in all. All these were easily diagnosed and managed rapidly. In the group treated with conventional methods, there were five infections, seven @entity1410 , all the @entity1 in the group had @entity4 and @entity158 removal of the dressing, and 10 needed repeat dressing. CONCLUSIONS: CA glue is impermeable to urine and stool, and prevents @entity4 and @entity1410 . Used in several layers, it is a good alternative dressing in @entity2650 surgery.

title: XXXX glue dressing for @entity2650 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['Hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

answer: @entity3080 :: (MESH:D003487,Chemical) :: ['Cyanoacrylate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity404 T lymphocytes accumulate in unstable plaque. The direct and indirect involvement of these T cells in tissue injury and plaque instability is not understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: Gene profiling identified perforin, @entity21319 , and members of the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors as being differentially expressed in @entity404 (+)CD28(null) T cells, a T-cell subset that preferentially infiltrates unstable plaque. Frequencies of @entity21319 (+) and perforin-expressing @entity404 T cells in peripheral blood were significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ). @entity21319 appeared on @entity404 (+)CD28(null) T cells after stimulation, suggesting spontaneous activation of circulating @entity404 T cells in @entity1459 . Perforin-expressing @entity404 (+) T-cell clones from @entity1 with @entity1459 exhibited cytotoxic activity against @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in redirected @entity137 assays after T-cell receptor triggering and also after stimulation of major histocompatibility complex class I-recognizing killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. HUVEC cytolysis was dependent on granule exocytosis, as demonstrated by the paralyzing effect of pretreating @entity404 (+)CD28(null) T cells with @entity9756 . Incubation of HUVECs with @entity1851 (CRP) increased HUVEC lysis in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1459 , @entity404 T cells undergo a change in functional profile and acquire cytotoxic capability. Cytotoxic @entity404 T cells effectively kill endothelial cells; CRP sensitizes endothelial cells to the cytotoxic process. We propose that T-cell-mediated endothelial cell injury is a novel pathway of tissue damage that contributes to plaque destabilization. The sensitizing effect of CRP suggests synergy between dysregulated T-cell function and acute phase proteins in @entity1187 .

title: T-cell-mediated lysis of endothelial cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: Elevated @entity1420 concentration during pregnancy and use of @entity1420 -like contraceptives are known to reduce @entity43 . This study was undertaken to decipher whether or not there is any relationship between @entity1420 (also @entity2931 )-mediated @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ) apoptosis and expression of @entity876 , a cell-cycle arresting protein and potential @entity5 suppressor. Immunohistochemical staining with cytokeratin confirmed epithelial nature of the cells in the @entity2670 layer and inclusion cysts that invaginate inside stroma after ovulation takes place. The in situ apoptosis index was determined during oestrus, and at mid and late-pregnancy stages in heifers. Epithelia of both tissues exhibited significantly high nuclear staining, suggesting that these cells are aiming to apoptotic destruction. To further establish a role of @entity1420 , the @entity2670 cells were exposed in vitro to two concentrations of @entity2931 and @entity1420 . It was revealed that @entity1420 at both concentrations and @entity2931 only at high concentration converted a large proportion of these cells apoptotic. The stimulatory effect of @entity1420 (and to some extent @entity2931 ) was also seen on @entity876 expression in the same cultivated @entity2670 cells. The @entity134 dosage dependence for apoptosis and @entity876 expression was also somewhat similar. Assuming that @entity1420 action is mediated through @entity876 -caused apoptosis as a mechanism to evade malignant transformation of @entity2670 cells, @entity876 expression at mRNA and protein level was investigated in the @entity2670 layer in proximity to stroma, antrum and corpus luteum (CL). In cycling animals CL produces a large amount of @entity1420 and also @entity2931 to maintain the post-ovulatory cycle and to suppress the gonadotropin production. Hence, cells undergoing re-epithelialization and which are in contact with CL were expected to undergo maximum apoptotic modification. Indeed we got the maximum @entity876 / @entity876 gene expression in these cells. We conclude that @entity1420 during cycling and pregnancy may reduce the risk of developing @entity43 by ceasing cell cycle and diverting damaged and mutagenized @entity2670 cells for apoptosis, and the process may be mediated through elevated @entity876 synthesis. However, it is also possible that @entity1420 and @entity876 -induced apoptosis may be entirely different @entity5 suppressive actions but coincidently happening together.

title: In vivo and in vitro studies on apoptosis in XXXX cells and inclusion cysts of pregnant heifers.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['OSE', 'ovarian surface epithelium']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['OSE']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Adhesion based cellular interactions involved in @entity0 metastasis to the @entity236 remain elusive. We identified that @entity0 cells directly compete with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) for retention in the @entity236 microenvironment. To this end, we established two models of competitive cell adhesion-simultaneous and sequential, to study a potential competition for homing to the niche and displacement of the endogenous HSPCs upon invasion by @entity5 cells. In both models, @entity0 cells but not non-tumorigenic cells competitively reduced adhesion of HSPCs to @entity236 derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in a @entity5 cell number-dependent manner. Higher adhesive force between @entity0 cells and MSCs, as compared to HSPCs, assessed by quantitative atomic force microscopy based single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) could partially account for @entity5 cell mediated reduction in HSPC adhesion to MSCs. Genetic inactivation and blockade studies revealed that homophilic interactions between @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) expressed on @entity5 cells and MSCs respectively, regulate the competition between @entity5 cells and HSPCs for binding to MSCs. Moreover, @entity5 cell-secreted soluble @entity2071 (sICAM-1) also impaired HSPC adhesion via blocking @entity1454 - @entity2071 binding between HSPCs and MSCs. Xenotransplantation studies in NSG @entity19 revealed reduction of @entity1 HSPCs in the @entity236 via metastatic @entity0 cells. These findings point to a direct competitive interaction between disseminated @entity0 cells and HSPCs within the @entity236 environment. This interaction might also have implications on niche based @entity5 support. Therefore, targeting this crosstalk may represent a novel therapeutic strategy.

title: @entity0 cells compete with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for @entity2071 mediated binding to the XXXX microenvironment.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'Intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Disabling @entity1118 is especially devastating among working population and, in many cases, it does not respond to conventional therapies. In @entity1118 , the importance of psychosocial and occupational factors, in addition to biological ones, has prompted the development of successful multidisciplinary treatment programmes in various countries. We assessed the outcome of a multidisciplinary therapeutic program for work-disabled selected @entity1 with @entity1118 refractory to conventional treatment. @entity1 AND METHOD: The study included 70 @entity1 (58 @entity1 , mean age [SD]: 42 [9]years) with @entity1118 and sick leave (mean [SD]: 7 [4] months of work disability) diagnosed with @entity239 (51%), @entity1643 (16%), regional @entity158 (15%), @entity751 (3%), anquilosing @entity1511 (3%), and other conditions(12%). All @entity1 had received previous pharmacological treatment,physical therapy and/or other measures (surgery in 12% cases)without improvement. All @entity1 underwent an intensive multidisciplinary treatment of 4 weeks' duration including medical techniques for @entity158 control, cognitive-behavioural therapy, physical therapy,and occupational therapy. Average follow-up was 10 (4) months(1-24 months) post-discharge. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed with regard to all relevant variables, as reflected in pre and post-discharge measures: @entity158 (Visual-Analogue Scale 1-10 cm): 7.4 (1.5) versus 3.2 (2) (p <0.01); @entity148 ( @entity46881 ), 19 (7) versus 14 (8) (p < 0.01); @entity308 (BDI), 16 (8) versus 10 (8) (p < 0.01); functional ability(HAQ), 1.6 (0.4) versus 0.6 (0.5) (p < 0.001). At discharge,73% of @entity1 returned to work. In addition, 69% of treated @entity1 maintained the acquired improvement and their employment status at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary treatment of @entity1118 with special attention to work return is useful for selected @entity1 with a disabling @entity1118 refractory to conventional treatment.

title: [Efficiency of multidisciplinary treatment of XXXX with locomotor disability].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['cervicocraneal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain syndrome', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The ongoing Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study is in the process of forming a gold-standard battery of social cognition tests for use in clinical trials. Previous SCOPE phases have not acknowledged key differences between social cognition skills and biases, and psychometric validity analyses might provide important information if tailored to bias-related outcomes. This study aims to validate these measures with such bias-related outcomes. METHODS: Two measures of social cognitive bias - the Ambiguous Intention Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ; hostile attribution bias) and Trustworthiness Task (distrust bias) - were reviewed according to their relationships to (1) current and prospective symptom levels, (2) questionnaires of trait @entity10963 and hostility and informant-rated hostility, (3) interpersonal conflict, as well as (4) relationships to measures of trait @entity10963 , hostility, and interpersonal conflict above and beyond the influence of clinically rated symptoms. RESULTS: Results supported hypotheses that social cognitive bias provides information about cognition, symptoms, and functioning related to interpersonal conflict. Each bias demonstrated relationships to trait @entity10963 questionnaires, hostility, or interpersonal conflict outcomes, and these persisted above and beyond the influence of clinically rated symptoms. Hostile attribution bias also predicted change in symptom levels over a brief interval. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the current bias-specific psychometric analysis provides support for continued study of social cognitive biases. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Hostile attribution bias may play a role in important outcome variables given relationships to emotional discomfort and suspiciousness symptoms, trait @entity10963 and hostility, interpersonal conflict, as well as prospective hostility symptoms. Distrust bias may also impact real-world functioning, as it is related to hostility, suspiciousness, and positive symptoms, trait @entity10963 , and hostility. Relationships of social cognitive biases to interpersonal conflict outcomes exist independently of interview-rated symptoms and persist above and beyond the influence of social @entity73 , which appear to demonstrate weaker relationships to these outcomes. Understanding and assessing the individual's biases towards distrust or blame might help practioners predict interpersonal conflict and future increases in symptoms.

title: Revisiting the XXXX in schizophrenia: Additional results from the Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive skills']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['validity of measures of social cognitive bias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate outcome, management, and prevention in @entity12901 by proxy, non-accidental @entity4968 , and non-accidental suffocation. DESIGN: Ascertainment through British Paediatric Surveillance Unit and questionnaires to responding paediatricians. SETTING: The UK and Republic of Ireland, September 1992 to August 1994. SUBJECTS: @entity1 under 14 years diagnosed with the above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Placement and @entity1 protection measures for victims and siblings; morbidity and reabuse rates for victims; abuse of siblings; prosecution of perpetrators. RESULTS: Outcome data for 119 with median follow up of 24 months (range 12 to 44 months). No previously diagnosed factitious disease was found to have been caused by genuine disease. Forty six @entity1 were allowed home without conditions at follow up. @entity1 who had suffered from suffocation, non-accidental @entity4968 , direct harm, and those under 5 years were less likely to go home. Twenty seven (24%) @entity1 still had symptoms or signs as a result of the abuse at follow up; 108/120 were originally on a @entity1 protection register and 35/111 at follow up. Twenty nine per cent (34/118) of the perpetrators had been prosecuted and most convicted; 17% of the milder cases of @entity12901 by proxy allowed home were reabused. Evidence in siblings suggests that in 50% of families with a suffocated @entity1 and 40% with non-accidental @entity4968 there would be @entity734 , some fatal. CONCLUSIONS: This type of abuse is severe with high mortality, morbidity, family disruption, reabuse, and harm to siblings. A very cautious approach for @entity1 protection with reintroduction to home only if circumstances are especially favourable is advised. Paediatric follow up by an expert in @entity1 protection should also occur.

title: Procedures, placement, and risks of @entity734 after XXXX by proxy, non-accidental @entity4968 , and non-accidental suffocation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['further abuse']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity12901 :: ('MESH:D009110', 'Disease') :: ['Munchausen syndrome']

answer: @entity12901 :: (MESH:D009110,Disease) :: ['Munchausen syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that the alimentary tract is part of the body's first line of defense against orally ingested xenobiotica, little is known about the distribution and expression of @entity12325 ( @entity12325 ) enzymes in @entity1 colon. Therefore, expression and protein levels of four representative CYPs ( @entity4433 (8), @entity5321 , @entity5322 , and @entity5396 ) were determined in @entity1 @entity694 biopsies obtained from ascending, descending and sigmoid colon. METHODS: Expression of @entity4433 , @entity5321 , @entity5322 , and @entity5396 mRNA in @entity694 was determined by RT-PCR. Protein concentration of CYPs was determined using Western blot methods. RESULTS: Extensive interindividual variability was found for the expression of most of the genes. However, expression of @entity4433 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the ascending colon than in the sigmoid colon. In contrast, mRNA levels of @entity5321 and @entity5396 were significantly lower in the ascending colon in comparison to the descending and sigmoid colon. In sigmoid colon protein levels of @entity12327 were significantly higher by ~73% than in the descending colon. In contrast, protein concentration of @entity5321 was significantly lower by ~81% in the sigmoid colon in comparison to the descending colon. CONCLUSION: The current data suggest that the expression of @entity4433 , @entity5321 , and @entity5396 varies in different parts of the colon.

title: Distribution of @entity12325 2C, 2E1, 3A4, and 3A5 in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon mucosa']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon mucosa']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Radiologic and operative findings of intravertebral cleft in the osteoporotic spine were investigated and the pathomechanism discussed. OBJECTIVES: To clarify the pathologic features of the intravertebral cleft. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intravertebral "vacuum" cleft is one of the common radiographic findings in the osteoporotic spine. It is thought that the cleft is a rare lesion of an @entity21271 , or @entity1516 . Evidential findings of the disease, however, have never been reported. METHODS: Simple bone grafting was performed in five cases (average age, 76.8 years) of thoracolumbar intravertebral cleft in osteoporotic spine in @entity1 who had been suffering from @entity615 . Preoperative radiologic evaluation using flexion-extension radiograph and magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all @entity1 . At operation, the cleft and the components of the structure were macroscopically and microscopically observed. The fluid content in the cleft was biochemically analyzed. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , preoperative flexion-extension radiographs showed intravertebral instability at the location of the clefts that indicated gas density in three cases and water density in two cases. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that, for the most part, the cleft was low intensity on the T1-weighted image and high intensity on the T2-weighted scans, regardless of the radiographic findings. At operation, abnormal movement was observed at the cleft of the affected body, which was covered with @entity1184 membrane. The serous fluid within the cleft was aspirated before the excision of soft tissue. The thick membrane was excised and showed that the cleft was lined by smooth fibrocartilaginous tissue and the great degree of motion between the @entity174 ends that is consistent with the pathologic appearance of @entity1516 . CONCLUSIONS: The unstable cleft in the affected vertebral body of the osteoporotic spine with magnetic resonance findings of low intensity on the T1-weighted scans and high intensity on the T2-weighted scans suggests that the cleft is a false joint lined by fibrocartilaginous tissue with notable movement consistent with @entity1516 .

title: Vertebral XXXX in the osteoporotic spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity21271 :: ('MESH:D005599', 'Disease') :: ['ununited fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged pain of the back or leg']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudarthrosis']


abstract: Host-induced antibodies and their contributions to @entity5 are largely unexplored. IgG4 subclass antibodies are present in @entity688 -driven Th2 immune responses in some inflammatory conditions. Since Th2-biased @entity32 is a hallmark of @entity5 microenvironments, we investigated the presence and functional implications of IgG4 in malignant @entity320 . Consistent with Th2 @entity32 , CD22+ B cells and IgG4(+)-infiltrating cells accumulated in @entity5 , and @entity688 , @entity3646 , and @entity5 -reactive IgG4 were expressed in situ. When compared with B cells from @entity1 lymph nodes and blood, @entity5 -associated B cells were polarized to produce IgG4. Secreted B cells increased @entity7 and IgG4, and @entity5 cells enhanced @entity688 secretion in cocultures. Unlike IgG1, an engineered @entity5 antigen-specific IgG4 was ineffective in triggering effector cell-mediated @entity5 killing in vitro. Antigen-specific and nonspecific IgG4 inhibited IgG1-mediated tumoricidal functions. IgG4 blockade was mediated through reduction of FcyRI activation. Additionally, IgG4 significantly impaired the potency of tumoricidal IgG1 in a @entity1 @entity320 xenograft @entity19 model. Furthermore, serum IgG4 was inversely correlated with @entity1 survival. These findings suggest that IgG4 promoted by @entity5 -induced Th2-biased @entity32 may restrict effector cell functions against @entity5 , providing a previously unexplored aspect of @entity5 -induced immune escape and a basis for biomarker development and @entity1 -specific therapeutic approaches.

title: IgG4 subclass antibodies impair antitumor immunity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer inflammation', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The bidirectional cavo-pulmonary @entity254 is a useful surgical procedure for @entity1 with @entity299 characterized by univentricular physiology. This operation significantly increases effective pulmonary blood flow and rarely causes distortion of the main pulmonary arterial branches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathophysiologic consequences of bidirectional cavo-pulmonary @entity254 as well as the effectiveness of this surgical approach as a definitive palliation. METHODS: Clinical, hemodynamic and functional data of 12 @entity1 who had undergone a bidirectional cavo-pulmonary @entity254 were reviewed. Each @entity1 underwent clinical examination, chest x-ray, ambulatory EKG, bidimensional color-Doppler echocardiography, spirometric analysis, lung perfusion scintigraphy, cardiac catheterization and angiography, and stress test. Stress test data were compared to those obtained by a normal population of age-matched @entity1 . RESULTS: After a mean follow-up interval of 28 +/- 20 months all @entity1 showed a good clinical condition. Improved oxygenation, exercise tolerance and growth velocity were noted in all @entity1 . Only 34% of @entity1 showed abnormalities of chest x-ray, 29% manifested significant @entity943 during ambulatory EKG and 20% showed abnormal ventricular function echocardiographically. Spirometry was normal in all @entity1 , while lung perfusion scintigraphy was constantly abnormal with right/left and upper/lower perfusion mismatch. At cardiac catheterization a reduction of end diastolic volume (from 106.9 +/- 50.6 to 67.3 +/- 41.6 ml, p < 0.05) and end systolic volume (from 58.0 +/- 27.9 to 32.5 +/- 33.5 ml, p < 0.05) was noted. The functional evaluation of these @entity1 was highly abnormal due to an impaired response to effort as evidenced by work time (p < 0.0001 vs normal) and stress-induced @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these findings, we suggest that: 1) bidirectional cavo-pulmonary @entity254 is useful as an intermediate step towards a Fontan procedure, as it improves the hemodynamic performance of the systemic ventricle; 2) conversely, bidirectional cavo-pulmonary @entity254 should not be considered a form of @entity299 because in these @entity1 the response to exercise remains unsatisfactory.

title: [The bidirectional cavo-pulmonary XXXX : a clinico-functional assessment in a medium-term follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['definitive palliation for complex congenital heart disease', 'complex congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular modifications']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: In a 15 years period surgery of @entity31 expanded from ileostomy (IS) via Kock's pouch (KP) and ileoanal pouch (IAP) to ileorectal anastomosis (IRA). Interactions between availability of methods and frequency of operations are investigated retrospectively in order to establish an optimal primary procedure. With an overall amount of 80 operations the yearly operative frequency raised in correlation to the introduction of continence reconstructive procedures. As a consequence of this fact history of disease was shortened to less than 8 year and global @entity1960 -associated morbidity markedly decreased. For @entity1 readiness to undergo operation Kock's pouch was only important at the beginning (n = 9/11.3%). Most decisive was IAP (n = 49/61.3%) which could be realized last even in an one-stage-procedure with better early results due to improved @entity1 conditions and simplified technical modifications. IRA (n = 7/8.8%) played only a limited role in the last years for selected @entity1 , whereas IS (n = 15/18.8%) kept reserved for contraindications to reconstructive surgery. For all procedures operative complications decreased from 46.1% (12/26) to 11.0% (6/54) and lethality to 0%. Late complications were related to proctectomy ( @entity16 ) and construction of IAP ( @entity5042 in 34.8% and defunctioning of the pouch in 10.4%), whereas IRA was free of specific morbidity so far. Surgery of @entity31 is characterized today by restoration of anal continence. The advantage of the changed surgical concept lies within the ability to perform colectomy at an earlier stage of the disease. Safe construction of IAP is the most important technical progress. Early operation of @entity1960 and late morbidity of pouch justify (preliminary) IRA. Thus, surgical standard in @entity1960 -surgery is defined more individually.

title: [Changes in XXXX surgery. I: Is there a standard in primary surgical treatment?].

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: A population pharmacokinetic model of liposomal @entity2379 ( @entity19095 ) in pediatric @entity1 with @entity5 was developed and evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 39 pediatric oncology @entity1 who received multiple doses of @entity19095 with a dose range from 0.8 to 5.9 mg/kg of body weight/day. The @entity1 cohort had an average age of 7 years (range, 0.2 to 17 years) and weighed an average of 28.8 +/- 19.8 kg. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed with NONMEM software. Pharmacokinetic parameters, interindividual variability (IIV), between-occasion variability (BOV), and intraindividual variability were estimated. The influence of @entity1 characteristics on the pharmacokinetics of @entity19095 was explored. The final population pharmacokinetic model was evaluated by using a bootstrap sampling technique. The @entity19095 plasma concentration-time data was described by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with zero-order input and first-order elimination. The population mean estimates of clearance (CL) and volume of distribution in the central compartment (V1) were 0.44 liters/h and 3.12 liters, respectively, and exhibited IIV (CL, 10%) and significant BOV (CL, 46% and V1, 56%). The covariate models were CL (liters/h) = 0.44 . e(0.0152.( @entity7097 -21)) and V1 (liters) = 3.12.e(0.0241.( @entity7097 -21)), where @entity7097 is the @entity1 's body weight (kg) centered on the study population cohort median of 21 kg. Model evaluation by the bootstrap procedure indicated that the full pharmacokinetic model was robust and parameter estimates were accurate. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of @entity19095 in pediatric oncology @entity1 were adequately described by the developed population model. The model has been evaluated and can be used in the design of rational dosing strategies for @entity19095 antifungal therapy in this special population.

title: Population pharmacokinetics of liposomal @entity2379 in pediatric @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant diseases']


abstract: Homozygous protein C (PC) deficiency is a rare genetic defect that usually results in fatal thrombotic complications ( @entity18536 and DIC), but it can be successfully managed with oral anticoagulants or PC replacement. The successful use of PC replacement for two individuals is described. The activity and antigen levels of PC in fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) are also reported. The concentration of PC in FFP is 87 +/- 15 units/dl. PC is present in all PCC analyzed; however, a ten-fold difference between the various brands and/or lots is noted. The PC activity and antigen correlates well with no significant levels of @entity1412 . Upon infusion of FFP into two homozygous @entity7131 @entity1 , the PC levels obtained were less than or equal to 30 units/dl post-infusion and undetectable after 12-18 hr. With infusions of PCC, plasma levels of PC obtained were 100-145 units/dl and less than 10 units/dl after 48 hr. The percent recovery and half-lives of PC from FFP and PCC were 49.8% and 7.8 hr, and 84% and 7.4 hr, respectively. One @entity1 was treated every 48 hr for 2 years without significant @entity18536 or DIC complications. The levels of the other PC system components did not change during the infusion of the PC-rich material. Based on this information, a specific replacement protocol has been developed using a PC-rich concentrate. However, several problems may arise with the "less pure" PC-rich concentrates: catheter-tip @entity715 , related large vessel @entity715 and blood-transmitted diseases. With a specific PC concentrate, replacement therapy is a viable alternative for the long-term management/treatment of homozygous @entity7131 .

title: Protein C survival during replacement therapy in homozygous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity18536 :: ('MESH:D055665', 'Disease') :: ['purpura fulminans']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PC deficiency', 'PC-deficient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity7131 :: (MESH:D020151,Disease) :: ['protein C deficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize differences in the long-term effects of treatment for functional @entity997 based on the primary @entity299 . METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 with @entity340 and 32 @entity1 with @entity118 associated with @entity997 were studied. The tricuspid annular diameter was associated with evidence of @entity712 . In @entity340 , a Kay annuloplasty was performed in 33 @entity1 with a tricuspid annular diameter of >/=40 mm to 44 mm, a modified De Vega annuloplasty in 12 @entity1 with a tricuspid annular diameter of >/=45 mm to 49 mm, and a modified De Vega annuloplasty, annuloplasty using a Carpentier ring, or tricuspid valve replacement in each of 4 @entity1 with a tricuspid annular diameter of >/=50 mm. In @entity118 , a Kay annuloplasty was performed in 11 @entity1 with a tricuspid annular diameter of >/=45 mm to 49 mm, and a modified De Vega annuloplasty was performed in 5 @entity1 with a tricuspid annular diameter of >/=50 mm. A mean follow-up period was 79 months after operation. RESULTS: In the @entity1 with a tricuspid annular diameter of <50 mm, the hemodynamic and clinical findings and @entity997 remarkably improved. In the @entity1 with @entity340 with a tricuspid annular diameter of >/=50 mm, however, the right heart parameters also showed improvement but less so when compared with those @entity1 with a tricuspid annular diameter of <50 mm. In addition, 4 @entity1 undergoing a modified De Vega annuloplasty have had a gradual increase in @entity997 and clinical manifestations late after the operation. In contrast, all 5 @entity1 with @entity118 with a tricuspid annular diameter of >/=50 mm have shown remarkable improvement, similar to those with a tricuspid annular diameter of <50 mm. Preoperative analyses revealed that the right heart function in @entity118 had not deteriorated to the same extent as in @entity340 . CONCLUSION: In the @entity1 with a severely dilated tricuspid anulus (>/=50 mm), the postoperative change of @entity997 differed between those @entity1 with @entity340 and @entity118 .

title: Long-term evaluation of treatment for functional XXXX with regurgitant volume: characteristic differences based on primary @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesion']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To review eight cases of @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) and investigate the association of @entity6017 with @entity5 and mortality rate in this group of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of @entity6017 cases at Fundaci  n Jim  nez D  az from January 1991 and March 1996. RESULTS: Only two out of the eight @entity1 with @entity6017 had concomitant @entity189 (undifferentiated medium cell @entity2 and @entity0 ). The mean age was 62 years (the two @entity1 with @entity189 exceeded this age). As for gender incidence, one of the two male @entity1 in this study had @entity5 , compared with one out of the six female @entity1 . The cause of @entity204 in the three @entity1 who died was an @entity281 and so far none of the two @entity1 with associated @entity5 has died. CONCLUSIONS: Despite our small series, the incidence of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity6017 (25%) is similar to that observed in larger series (15%-30%). All @entity1 presented with cutaneous lesions. Only one of them had also hemoptysis and was diagnosed of @entity2 . The diagnosis of @entity0 was obtained with a control mammography. The mortality rate in these two @entity1 was not higher. The incidence of @entity5 is higher in older @entity6017 @entity1 .

title: [Report of 8 cases of @entity6017 : does association of this entity and XXXX exist?].

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) tend to develop secondary @entity6582 to compensate for their chronic @entity519 . @entity2544 has recently been shown to reduce hematocrit and @entity1307 blood levels in normal subjects and in @entity1 with @entity6582 after renal transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity2544 may be used to lower the hematocrit in @entity1 with @entity1030 . METHODS: Two hundred four @entity1 with @entity1030 were studied retrospectively and 10 @entity1 prospectively (8 starting treatment with the drug [group 1] and 2 who suspended its long-term use [group 2]) for the correlation between @entity2544 therapy and hematocrit and @entity1307 level. RESULTS: In the @entity1 studied retrospectively, lower hematocrits were found in the @entity2544 -treated than in the untreated @entity1 (0.43 +/- 0.006 vs 0.46 +/- 0.007, respectively; P < .002). Twelve untreated @entity1 and 2 of those treated with @entity2544 had hematocrits above 52%. @entity26 saturation levels were similar in both groups, and exclusion of @entity1 with @entity26 saturation lower than 88% did not change the pattern, suggesting that the effect of @entity2544 could not be entirely explained by improved @entity26 availability. Seven of the 8 @entity1 studied prospectively in group 1 (P < .02) and the 2 @entity1 in group 2 showed inverse correlations between hematocrits and @entity2544 administration. A similar pattern was observed with serum @entity1307 levels in 5 of 7 @entity1 studied. The effects were reproducible on rechallenge in 3 of the 4 @entity1 in group 1 and the 2 @entity1 in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2544 may have a beneficial effect in treatment and prevention of @entity6582 in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity6582 in @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['erythrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline', 'Theophylline']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['theophylline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous @entity1028 repair (PEVAR) has been associated with fewer groin wound complications and shorter operative times, but same-day discharge (SDD) has not been reported. The goal of our article is to assess the feasibility and safety of ambulatory PEVAR and identify @entity1 characteristics that are eligible for this approach. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 who underwent elective @entity1028 repair (EVAR) between March 2011 and December 2012 were reviewed. SDD was discussed during the preoperative visit with @entity1 who were functionally independent, without significant comorbidities, and had favorable anatomy. These @entity1 were given the option to be discharged in the evening of the PEVAR after 6 hours of bed rest if the procedure was uneventful. Causes for discharge delay and early outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 79 @entity1 underwent @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair, 64 of whom (mean age, 70.2    9.9; range, 59-97) had elective EVAR (3 ruptures, 5 acute presentations, 3 fenestrated EVARs, 4 elective open @entity1028 repairs were excluded). Fifty-three @entity1 (83%) had bilateral percutaneous access, seven had unilateral percutaneous (11%) access, and the remaining four (6%) had bilateral femoral endarterectomies. The percutaneous closure success rate was 96% in 113 attempts (three conversions for inadequate hemostasis, one for inability to deploy device). Mean length of stay was 1.3    1.4 days (median, 1 day) with no 30-day mortality. Twenty-one @entity1 (33%) were discharged the same day (SDD group), 24 (37%) on postoperative day (POD) 1, 16 (25%) on POD 2/3, and 3 (5%) stayed >=  4 days. One @entity1 in the SDD group was readmitted on POD 3 after EVAR for @entity21628 . Of the 23 @entity1 who were discharged on @entity773 , 10 were kept overnight due to severe @entity1030 , @entity453 , or advanced age, three transportation issues, two inability to void, two @entity1 preference, two for renal protection, and four due to unplanned femoral cutdown. @entity1 in the SDD group were significantly younger (66.5    5.4 years vs 72.0    10.6 years; P = .029), had smaller AAAs (5.3    0.5 cm vs 5.9    1.0 cm; P = .013), less @entity190 (115    90 mL vs 232    198 mL; P = .012), and shorter operating time (79    24 minutes vs 121    73 minutes; P = .013). There were fewer American Society of Anesthesiologists 4 @entity1 in the SDD group (24% vs 48%; P = .056). The majority (81%) of @entity1 in all groups had general anesthesia (86% vs 79% SDD vs others; P = .523). CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory PEVAR was found to be feasible and safe in one-third of @entity1 undergoing elective EVAR who did not have excessive medical risk, had good functional capacity, and underwent an uneventful procedure. The impact of SDD on cost-effectiveness needs to be further assessed and may not be feasible in hospitals reimbursed based on admission status.

title: Ambulatory percutaneous XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity21628 :: ('MESH:C536711', 'Disease') :: ['severe postimplantation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity22073 is endemic in some countries in Africa, and Aedes aegpyti is one of the most important vectors implicated in the outbreak. The mapping of the nation-wide distribution and the detection of insecticide resistance of vector mosquitoes will provide the beneficial information for forecasting of @entity779 and effective control measures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: High resistance to @entity318 was observed in all mosquito colonies collected in Ghana. The resistance and the possible existence of resistance or tolerance to @entity315 were suspected in some colonies. High frequencies of point mutations at the voltage-gated @entity1372 channel ( @entity48016 ) and one heterozygote of the other mutation ( @entity48017 ) were detected, and this is the first detection on the African continent. The frequency of @entity48016 allele and the ratio of @entity48016 homozygotes in Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa) were significantly higher than those in Ae. aegypti formosus (Aaf). We could detect the two types of introns between exon 20 and 21, and the @entity48016 mutations were strongly linked with one type of intron, which was commonly found in South East Asian and South and Central American countries, suggesting the possibility that this mutation was introduced from other continents or convergently selected after the introgression of Aaa genes from the above area. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The worldwide eradication programs in 1940s and 1950s might have caused high selection pressure on the mosquito populations and expanded the distribution of insecticide-resistant Ae. aegypti populations. Selection of the @entity48016 point mutation could be hypothesized to have taken place during this period. The selection of the resistant population of Ae. aegypti with the point mutation of @entity48016 , and the worldwide transportation of vector mosquitoes in accordance with @entity1 activity such as trading of used tires, might result in the widespread distribution of @entity48016 point mutation in tropical countries.

title: Discovery of Point Mutations in the Voltage-Gated XXXX Channel from African Aedes aegypti Populations: Potential Phylogenetic Reasons for Gene Introgression.

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity22073 :: ('MESH:D015004', 'Disease') :: ['Yellow fever']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue and yellow fever outbreaks']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['Sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to explore the short-term psychological, behavioral, and interpersonal impact of @entity1082 ) and @entity975 results in adolescent and young adult @entity1 . METHODS: Sexually active young @entity1 14-21 years of age were recruited using a purposeful sampling strategy from a hospital-based teen health center. @entity1 underwent HPV DNA and @entity975 testing at baseline. At a follow-up visit 2 weeks later, they received test results and participated in individual interviews designed to examine the impact of test results. Interview data were analyzed using framework analysis, a qualitative analytical method. RESULTS: The mean age of the 100 @entity1 was 17.2 years, and 82% were black. Fifty-one percent were HPV positive, and 23% had abnormal @entity975 tests. Psychological responses consisted of affective reactions to abnormal results, empowerment through knowledge of results, and self-confidence to prevent future disease. Personal behavioral intentions encompassed safe @entity146 , partner monitoring, and return for screening. Anticipated interpersonal consequences focused on the impact of communication about test results on relationships. Psychosocial and behavioral responses were influenced by the personal meaning @entity1 derived from HPV and @entity975 results (e.g., perceptions of personal risk and anticipated stigma), cognitive understanding of test results, and such factors as coping mechanisms, locus of control, and relationship quality. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of young @entity1 's responses to HPV and @entity975 test results may help guide clinical interventions designed to prevent possibly harmful psychosocial and interpersonal responses to HPV and @entity975 testing but promote healthy @entity146 and regular screening.

title: Psychological, behavioral, and interpersonal impact of @entity1082 and XXXX test results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors']

answer: @entity975 :: (5068,Gene) :: ['Pap']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preserving lung, heart, and the contralateral breast from @entity137 is a technical challenge in @entity1 with funnel chest, who require breast irradiation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity499 ( @entity499 ) offers an advantage compared to three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy (CRT) for @entity1 with @entity1408 with regard to its shape. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten @entity0 @entity1 with @entity1408 were graded into a low or high deformation group using different indices, measured and calculated by using the planning CT. A planning comparison was performed, creating plans for CRT and @entity499 . Target uniformity, target conformity, and exposure to the organs at risk (OARs) were compared. RESULTS: The uniformity and conformity of the target dose distribution and the median/average dose of the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) was inferior in CRT compared to @entity499 in both deformation groups. By using tomotherapy, the volume of the lungs, the contralateral breast, and the heart, which received high dose exposure, could be significantly reduced. Tomotherapy plans led to a significantly higher low dose exposure to the lungs and contralateral breast. CONCLUSION: This is the first study which evaluates a group of 10  @entity0 @entity1 with funnel chest. Better uniformity and conformity combined with a significant reduction of high dose exposure to the OARs can be reached using tomotherapy. However, tomotherapy plans have a significantly larger volume of low dose to the lungs and contralateral breast. Therefore, the stochastic risk should be considered after low dose exposure in @entity1 with @entity258 .

title: XXXX and funnel chest. Comparing @entity499 and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy with regard to the shape of @entity1408 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'helical tomotherapy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low deformation']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['pectus excavatum']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Finding a potential genetic factor associated with a @entity66 , such as @entity43 , is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism in @entity43 development in Serbian @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: 47 wild-type @entity876 gene @entity43 samples and 70 cervical smears from gynecologically healthy @entity1 were analyzed. DNA was extracted by a salting-out procedure. Codon 72 polymorphism was assessed by PCR-RFLP method.   (2), Fisher exact test and odds ratio were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity534 / @entity534 , @entity534 /Pro and Pro/Pro genotypes of codon 72 of the @entity876 gene was: 46.8%, 46.8% and 6.4%, respectively in the @entity43 and 64.3%, 31.4% and 4.3%, respectively in the control group. We observed an increased risk for the development of @entity43 for Pro homozygotes in relation to heterozygotes plus @entity534 homozygotes (OR=1.52; 95% CI 0.29-7.89) and a higher one for Pro/Pro plus @entity534 /Pro genotype in relation to @entity534 homozygotes (OR=2.04; 95% CI 0.96-4.34). CONCLUSION: The results showed no association between codon 72 @entity876 gene polymorphism and risk for development of @entity43 in Serbian @entity1 . However, this observation requires further analysis of a larger case-control study group.

title: Association of @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism with susceptibility to XXXX in Serbian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deadly disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine how swallow function in @entity1 with @entity3918 ( @entity3986 ) differs from that of healthy controls, (2) to identify the contributors to and predictors of improvement, and (3) to evaluate strategies that facilitate swallowing. DESIGN: Observational. SETTING: University medical center. @entity1 : Eighteen adults with @entity3918 (age range, 24-58 yr) and 60 healthy adult control subjects (age range, 18-73 yr). INTERVENTIONS: Swallow facilitation strategies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Between-group comparisons of mean bolus transit times, onsets of swallow gestures, and displacement measures obtained by dynamic lateral view videofluoroscopy. RESULTS: The @entity3986 @entity1 ' bolus transit times were significantly longer, and onsets of some swallow gestures were significantly delayed. Upper esophageal sphincter opening was prolonged ( @entity3918 ,.61 +/-.13s; control,.5 +/-.11s). Hyoid displacement was significantly less in @entity1 with @entity3918 (1.9 +/-.05 cm) than in male controls (2.4 +/-.68 cm); this difference was not observed between control and myotonic @entity1 . Of particular importance was the markedly reduced pharyngeal constriction found in the @entity3986 group. CONCLUSIONS: Weakness associated with the disease, as opposed to @entity8525 , was the most significant contributor to impairment. @entity1 at risk for @entity1173 may be identified by a measure of pharyngeal area. Selected strategies to facilitate pharyngeal clearing are worthwhile.

title: Swallowing in XXXX : a videofluoroscopic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Persons', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic muscular dystrophy', 'myotonic MD']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['myotonic muscular dystrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hemoglobin levels are currently the focus of interest as prognostic factors in @entity1 with @entity135 . Most published clinical trials have confirmed hemoglobin to possess a significant influence on survival in @entity1 treated with radiotherapy. In our study we have investigated the prognostic value of hemoglobin in a combined modality schedule. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with advanced @entity135 were treated with combined radio-chemotherapy. The therapy comprised 2 courses of induction chemotherapy with @entity1260 (1,500 mg/m2, day 1 to 5) and @entity900 (60 mg/m2, day 5) followed by hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy with a total dose of only 30 Gy. Surgery involved @entity5 resection and neck dissection. RESULTS: The 1-year overall survival rate and the 2-year survival rate were 79% and 56%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year recurrence-free survival rates were 68% and 49%, respectively. Prognostic factors with an impact on survival were seen in @entity5 size (T3 vs T4, p = 0.0088), response to radio-chemotherapy at the primary site (no vital @entity5 rest, p = 0.045), response to lymph node radio-chemotherapy (no vital @entity5 cells vs vital @entity5 cells, p = 0.013) and level of hemoglobin after radio-chemotherapy (Hb > or = 11.5 g/dl vs < 11.5 g/dl, p = 0.0084). CONCLUSION: In our study hemoglobin level after radio-chemotherapy was identified for the first time to be also a significant prognostic factor (univariate analysis) in @entity135 @entity1 who underwent combined radio-chemotherapy. Besides chemotherapy plus low-dose irradiation achieved similar results in comparison with radical resection and high-dose radiotherapy at least for the first 2 years after therapy. Relapsing disease could be treated with 1 additional course of radiotherapy which is supposed to be well tolerated.

title: Prognostic value of hemoglobin concentrations in XXXX with advanced @entity135 treated with combined radio-chemotherapy and surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor rest vs vital tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interferon beta is used to modify the course of relapsing @entity15 . Despite interferon beta therapy, many @entity1 have relapses. Natalizumab, an alpha4 integrin antagonist, appeared to be safe and effective alone and when added to interferon beta-1a in preliminary studies. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1171 @entity1 who, despite interferon beta-1a therapy, had had at least one relapse during the 12-month period before randomization to receive continued interferon beta-1a in combination with 300 mg of natalizumab (589 @entity1 ) or placebo (582 @entity1 ) intravenously every 4 weeks for up to 116 weeks. The primary end points were the rate of clinical relapse at 1 year and the cumulative probability of disability progression sustained for 12 weeks, as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale, at 2 years. RESULTS: Combination therapy resulted in a 24 percent reduction in the relative risk of sustained disability progression (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 0.96; P=0.02). Kaplan-Meier estimates of the cumulative probability of progression at two years were 23 percent with combination therapy and 29 percent with interferon beta-1a alone. Combination therapy was associated with a lower annualized rate of relapse over a two-year period than was interferon beta-1a alone (0.34 vs. 0.75, P<0.001) and with fewer new or enlarging lesions on T(2)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (0.9 vs. 5.4, P<0.001). Adverse events associated with combination therapy were @entity148 , @entity7551 , @entity50 , and peripheral @entity4 . Two cases of progressive multifocal @entity62 , one of which was fatal, were diagnosed in natalizumab-treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Natalizumab added to interferon beta-1a was significantly more effective than interferon beta-1a alone in @entity1 with relapsing @entity15 . Additional research is needed to elucidate the benefits and risks of this combination treatment. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00030966.).

title: Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus congestion']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine 1) whether 12-week oral administration of @entity9886 , an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, in @entity1 with @entity712 is well tolerated; and 2) whether functional capacity and clinical status of @entity1 with @entity712 in whom treatment with an @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor is replaced with @entity9886 for 12 weeks will remain similar to that noted in @entity1 in whom treatment with an @entity1289 inhibitor is continued. BACKGROUND: @entity9886 is a specific, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Although specific receptor blockade with @entity9886 has certain theoretic advantages over nonspecific @entity1289 inhibition, definitive demonstration of comparable effects in @entity1 with @entity712 is lacking. METHODS: A double-blind, multicenter, randomized, parallel, @entity4688 -controlled study was conducted in 116 @entity1 with @entity712 (New York Heart Association functional classes II to IV) and left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 45% previously treated with stable doses of @entity1289 inhibitors and diuretic agents, with or without concurrent digitalis and other vasodilators. After a baseline exercise period, open-label @entity1289 inhibitors were discontinued, and @entity1 were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of therapy with @entity9886 , 25 mg/day (n = 38); @entity9886 , 50 mg/day (n = 40); or @entity4688 , 20 mg/day (n = 38). Drug efficacy was evaluated by changes in maximal treadmill exercise time (using a modified Naughton protocol), 6-min walk test, left ventricular ejection fraction and @entity1295 . Safety was measured by the incidence of clinical and laboratory adverse experiences. RESULTS: The treadmill exercise time and the 6-min walk test did not change significantly after replacement of @entity1289 inhibitor therapy with @entity9886 . Similarly, a significant change was not observed in either the @entity1295 or left ventricular ejection fraction at the end of double-blind period relative to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9886 was generally well tolerated and comparable to @entity4688 in terms of exercise tolerance in this short-term (12-week) study of @entity1 with @entity712 . The clinical effects of long-term angiotensin II receptor blockade compared with @entity1289 inhibition remain to be studied.

title: Comparative effects of XXXX and @entity4688 on exercise capacity and clinical status in @entity1 with @entity712 . The @entity9886 Pilot Exercise Study Investigators.

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['dyspnea-fatigue index']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surveillance of @entity580 ( @entity580 ) and the use of reference data for comparison is recommended to improve the quality of @entity1 care. In addition to standardization according to device use, another stratification of reference data according to @entity1 ' severity-of-illness scores is often required for benchmarking in intensive care units (ICUs). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether severity-of-illness scores on admission to the ICU are sufficient data for predicting the development of @entity580 . METHODS: This study was performed in an interdisciplinary ICU at a teaching hospital. Two scores were studied: the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scoring system and the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS). The @entity1 's clinical condition was evaluated on admission and reevaluated daily during the period before the development of @entity580 . In addition, we recorded the number of intubations for every @entity1 -day, the age and sex of the @entity1 , and their history of operations. The Fisher exact test and the stepwise multiple logistic regression model were applied to identify significant predictors of @entity580 . RESULTS: During a 12-month period, 270 @entity1 with ICU stays of more than 24 hours were included in the study. Sixty-nine NIs were identified (incidence, 25.6 cases per 100 @entity1 [95% confidence interval, 19.9-32.3]). A mean APACHE II score and a mean TISS score above the median for these scores, duration of ventilation above the median in the period before the development of @entity580 , and @entity1 age were significantly associated with the development of @entity580 ; the score data on admission provided a clearly poorer prediction. CONCLUSION: The APACHE II and TISS scores on admission are not useful predictors for @entity580 in ICUs.

title: Usefulness of severity-of-illness scores based on admission data only in XXXX surveillance systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NI', 'nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIM: To compare reproductive factor influence on @entity1 with pathological diagnosed @entity5 in the Breast Department, The First @entity1 ' Hospital of Kunming in Yunnan province, China. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 263 @entity0 ( @entity0 ) cases and 457 non- @entity0 controls from 2009 to 2011. The cases and controls information on demographics, medical history, and reproductive characteristics variables were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and routine medical records. Histology of @entity0 tissue and benign breast lesion were documented by pathology reports. Since some variables in data analysis had zero count in at least one category, binomial-response GLM using the bias-reduction method was applied to estimate OR's and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). To adjust for age and menopause status, a compound variable comprising age and menopausal status was retained in the statistical models. RESULTS: multivariate model analysis revealed significant independent positive associations of @entity0 with short menstrual cycle, old age at first live birth, never breastfeeding, history of oral contraception experience, increased number of abortion, postmenopausal status, and nulliparity. Categorised by age and menopausal status, perimenopausal @entity1 had about 3-fold and postmenopausal @entity1 had more than 5-fold increased risk of @entity0 compared to premenopausal @entity1 . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study has confirmed the significant association of @entity0 and @entity172 related risk factors of @entity0 including longer menstrual cycle, older age of first live birth, never breastfeeding, nulliparity, and number of abortions more than one. The findings suggest that female hormonal factors, especially the trend of menopause status play a significant role in the development of @entity0 in Yunnan @entity1 .

title: Reproductive variables and risk of breast malignant and XXXX in Yunnan province, China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Peoples']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant and benign tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of echocardiographic parameters as predictors of rehospitalization in @entity2631 @entity1 . METHODS: Echocardiographic studies were conducted in 38 @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) to assess cardiopulmonary function. Forty-five age-matched volunteers without any sign of @entity712 served as the control group. Transmitral flow pattern, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) were evaluated. All @entity1 were subsequently followed for one year. RESULTS: Peak transmitral early-diastolic velocity (mitral E) and TAPSE measurements were significantly different between @entity299 and control @entity1 (mitral E: 74.1 +/- 16.3 vs. 83.5 +/- 17.0 cm/s with P = 0.012; TAPSE: 2.4 +/- 0.43 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.39 cm with P < 0.0001). LVEF was similar, but RVEF was lower in the @entity299 group (LVEF: 61.7 +/- 9.7 vs. 61.7 +/- 5.8% with P = 0.962; RVEF: 49.6 +/- 6.8 vs. 39.2 +/- 6.7% with P < 0.0001). A strong correlation was found between TAPSE and RVEF. A TAPSE less than 1.96 cm indicted a RVEF less than 40% with a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 78%. Contrary to expectation, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) did not correlate well with RV function (r = 0.261, r2= 0.068, P = 0.016). Finally, the frequency of rehospitalization was inversely correlated with RVEF and TAPSE in @entity299 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We can predict the rehospitalization rate of @entity299 @entity1 by TAPSE and RVEF, suggesting the involvement of heart, skin, lung, and other organs in @entity2631 @entity1 .

title: Right heart function and XXXX : insights from tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic scleroderma', 'SSc']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']