abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ) is considered to be a strong marker of oxidative stress; the interaction between @entity13789 and cellular proteins leads to the formation of @entity13789 -protein adducts able to alter cellular homeostasis and cause the development of a pathological state. By virtue of its high lipid concentration, @entity26 utilization, and the presence of metal ions participating to redox reactions, the brain is highly susceptible to the formation of free radicals and @entity13789 -related compounds. A variety of @entity146 have been associated with elevations of @entity13789 concentration. For example, increased levels of @entity13789 were found in the cortex of @entity162 and @entity161 @entity1 , while @entity13789 plasma concentrations resulted high in @entity1 with @entity308 . On the same line, high brain concentrations of @entity13789 were found associated with @entity2033 . The incidence of high @entity13789 levels is relevant also in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of @entity1 suffering from @entity191 . Intriguingly, in this case the increase of @entity13789 was associated with an accumulation of @entity68 in the substantia nigra, a brain region highly affected by the pathology. In the present review we recapitulate the findings supporting the role of @entity13789 in the pathogenesis of different @entity146 to highlight the pathogenic mechanisms ascribed to @entity13789 accumulation. The aim of this review is to offer novel perspectives both for the understanding of etiopathogenetic mechanisms that remain still unclear and for the identification of new useful biological markers. We conclude suggesting that targeting @entity13789 -driven cellular processes may represent a new more efficacious therapeutical intervention.

title: Linking lipid peroxidation and @entity146 : focus on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's inclusions"]

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']

answer: @entity11838 :: (MESH:C027576,Chemical) :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the lack of accuracy in neck staging with the classical technique (i.e., neck dissection and routine histopathology) with the sentinel node (SN) biopsy in oral and oropharyngeal T1-T2N0 @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with planned data collection. SETTING: Tertiary center care. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 50 consecutive @entity1 , the pathological stage of sentinel node (pSN) was established after analyzing SN biopsies (n = 148) using serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry. Systematic selective neck dissection was performed. The pN stage was established with routine histopathologic analysis of both the non-SN (n = 1075) and the 148 SN biopsies. RESULTS: The sensitivity and negative predictive value of pSN staging were 100 percent. Conversely, if one considers pSN staging procedure as the reference test for micro- and macro-metastasis diagnosis, the sensitivity of the classical pN staging procedure was 50 percent (9/1; 95% CI 26.9-73.1) and its negative predictive value was 78 percent (95% CI 61.9-88.8). Fifteen @entity1 (30%) were upstaged, including nine cases from pN0 to pSN >or= 1 and six cases from @entity3121 to pSN2. Two of the pN0- @entity16413 upstaged @entity1 died with relapsed @entity135 . CONCLUSION: The SN biopsy technique appeared to be the best staging method in cN0 @entity1 and provided evidence that routinely undiagnosed lymph node invasion may have clinical significance.

title: Neck restaging with sentinel node biopsy in T1-T2N0 oral and XXXX : Why and how?

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several studies claim that psychophysical stress and @entity308 contribute significantly to @entity65 ( @entity65 ) development. The aim of our research is to discover and analyse a possible relationship between two @entity74 ( @entity308 and perceived mental stress) and traditional cardiovascular risk markers. METHODS: We selected 106 subjects (58 males and 48 females), mean age 79.5 +/- 3.8-years old, from the Massa Lombarda Project, an epidemiological study, including 7000 north Italian adult subjects. We carried out anamnesis, clinical and blood tests. Then, we administered the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ range score 0-1) and the Self-Rating @entity308 Scale (SRDS range score 50-70 Z), as validated instruments for @entity308 and stress evaluation, which focus on the individual's subjective perception and emotional response. Statistical descriptive and inferential analyses of data collected were performed. RESULTS: The multiple linear regression analysis showed a negative correlation between PSQ index score and @entity414 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ), body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, a positive and statistically significant correlation between PSQ index score and @entity1674 (p < 0.05). We found an inverse relationship between Zung SRDS score and @entity11429 , @entity414 , @entity413 waist circumference values, this correlation was significant only for @entity414 (p < 0.01). Besides, a positive and significant correlation between Zung SRDS and @entity1674 (p < 0.05) was observed. CONCLUSION: We suppose that @entity1642 and @entity308 , often diagnosed in elderly @entity1 , may influence different metabolic parameters ( @entity1674 , @entity414 and BMI) that are involved in the complex process of @entity209 .

title: Psychosocial factors and metabolic parameters: is there any association in elderly XXXX ? The Massa Lombarda Project.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depression disorder']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psycho-emotional stress']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity2065 is a rare condition; reduction usually requires an open procedure. There is usually a concurrent @entity1051 , with the humeral head impaled over the anterior rim of the glenoid. Large, engaging @entity1051 can contribute to continued shoulder instability, and therefore require a specific action. Reconstruction of the humeral head with an osteochondral allograft has been advocated, but allografts are not easily available in some countries, such as Egypt. For this reason, I switched to the open infraspinatus remplissage technique. I report the results with this technique, in four young adult @entity1 who presented with a locked anterior shoulder dislocation, which had been left unreduced for 10 to 20 weeks. The infraspinatus tendon was pulled into the humeral defect with a four limbs suture anchor; as a result, the lesion became extra-articular. A Putti-Platt procedure was added to obtain anterior stability, except in one @entity1 with a concurrent @entity154 which required a Latarjet procedure. The mean follow-up period was 32 months, without recurrence or other complications. The mean postoperative Constant score was 74, and the range of motion was satisfactory, with a functional range of external rotation.

title: @entity2065 : open remplissage of the XXXX with the infraspinatus tendon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1051 :: ('MESH:D013661', 'Disease') :: ['Hill-Sachs lesion', 'Hill-Sachs lesions']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['glenoid defect']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['Neglected anterior shoulder dislocation']

answer: @entity1051 :: (MESH:D013661,Disease) :: ['Hill-Sachs lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe antidepressant (AD) use in the treatment of @entity308 during a period of economic crisis. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study using population-based databases. Two periods were considered: 1) 2008-2009, precrisis, and 2) 2012-2013, economic crisis. Certain inclusion/exclusion criteria were taken into account for the study (initiation of AD treatment). @entity1 were followed up for 12 months. The main measures were use (defined daily doses), epidemiologic measures, strategies used and treatment persistence, referrals, and use of resources. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: In the precrisis period, 3,662 @entity1 were enrolled, and 5,722 were enrolled in the period of economic crisis. Average age was 58.8 years and 65.4% were @entity1 . Comparing the two periods, @entity308 prevalence was 5.4% vs 8.1%, P<0.001. During the period of economic crisis, AD use rose by 35.2% and drug expenditures decreased by 38.7%. Defined daily dose per @entity1 per day was 10.0 mg vs 13.5 mg, respectively, P<0.001. At 12-month follow-up, the majority of @entity1 (60.8%) discontinued the treatment or continued on the same medication as before, and in 23.3% a change of AD was made. CONCLUSION: Primary health care professionals are highly involved in the management of the illness; in addition, during the period of economic crisis, @entity1 with @entity308 showed higher rates of prevalence of the illness, with increased use of AD drugs.

title: Use of antidepressants in the treatment of XXXX in primary care during a period of economic crisis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depressive disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity7278 are the most common chronic inflammatory diseases with significant pathological and clinical similarities. Numerous studies have indicated a relationship between @entity309 and @entity2520 . The aim of this study was to compare the @entity310 levels in saliva among @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity7278 as well as healthy subjects. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-one @entity1 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fifty-seven @entity1 diagnosed of @entity309 , 57 @entity1 with @entity7278 and 57 healthy subjects. These @entity1 have been examined with regard to @entity310 level from salivary samples. Their teeth were examined with regard to Plaque Index , Gingival Index, probing depth and clinical attachment level.All @entity1 were non-smokers. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant difference in all periodontal parameters among the three groups. The @entity7278 group showed a significantly higher value in all clinical periodontal parameters in comparison to both the @entity309 and healthy groups. No significant difference was found between salivary @entity310 level among the three study groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity7278 had the highest periodontal indices. However there was no significant difference regarding the level of salivary @entity310 . Hence, suppression of proinflammatory cytokines might prove beneficial in suppressing @entity2520 among @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Salivary XXXX levels in groups of subjects with @entity309 and @entity7278 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNFa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether long-term exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations of @entity15523 ( @entity15524 ) disrupt the reproduction-based endpoints in juvenile Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis). Fish were exposed to 5, 15 or 50     g   l(-1) @entity15524 for 30, 60 and 90   days each, and the effects on survival, body growth, whole-body concentrations of sex @entity479 hormones and gonadal development were investigated. The lowest observed effective concentration to affect the condition factor after 90   days was 5     g   l(-1) . Complete feminization of the gonad was noted in fish exposed to 5     g   l(-1) for 90   days and to 15 and 50     g   l(-1) of @entity15524 for 30 or 60   days. After 90   days of exposure to @entity15524 , the ovaries were regressed and immature as opposed to the control fish which were in early-vitellogenic stage. Testes, present only in fish exposed to 5     g   l(-1) of @entity15524 for 30 or 60   days, were immature in comparison to the control fish that contained testes in the mid-spermatogenic phase. The E2/11-KT ratio was significantly higher only after exposures to 5     g   l(-1) @entity15524 for 90   days and 50     g   l(-1) @entity15524 for 30   days. Our data suggest that exposures to 5     g   l(-1) @entity15524 for 30   days did not have profound effects on body growth and gonadal differentiation of fish. However, 30   days of exposure to 15     g   l(-1) could interfere with the gonad development and to 50     g   l(-1) could compromise the hormonal profile of juvenile fish. Copyright    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Long-term exposures to XXXX inhibit body growth and impair gonad development in juvenile Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis).

entities_list: @entity15523 :: ('MESH:D003993', 'Chemical') :: ['di-n-butyl phthalate']

answer: @entity15523 :: (MESH:D003993,Chemical) :: ['di-n-butyl phthalate']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate the effect of @entity1640 ( @entity1640 ) and medial preoptic area (MPOA) lesions on plasma LH levels in the long term ovariectomized @entity35 . The deafferentations were carried out with a Halasz-Pupp knife (radius of 1.5 mm and height of 2.0 mm) and the MPOA lesions with a @entity902 electrode. Sham treated and an intact group served as controls. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein under light ether anesthesia before and at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after brain surgery. After the sixth week sample all @entity35 were treated with 50 micrograms of @entity4520 (EB) and two days later blood samples were collected during the morning and afternoon. @entity1640 deafferentation resulted in a more significant (p less than 0.01) drop in plasma LH levels in one half of the group ( @entity1640 -1) than in the other half (p less than 0.05) ( @entity1640 -2) when compared to the controls. Treatment of the controls with EB resulted in a significant (p less than 0.01) depression of LH levels in the morning and an LH surge during the afternoon. EB also resulted in a suppression (p less than 0.01) of LH levels during the morning in all of the ALDH @entity35 ; however, only the @entity1640 -1 group had an LH surge during the afternoon following EB. Plasma LH levels in the @entity1640 -2 remained suppressed during the afternoon after EB treatment. Lesions in the MPOA had no effect on plasma LH levels at 1 to 6 weeks when compared to controls. Treatment of the MPOA lesion group with EB resulted in a significant (p less than 0.01) drop in plasma LH levels during the morning as well as the afternoon. These data suggest that the fibers that are critical for the control of tonic and phasic LH secretion enter the medial basal hypothalamus laterally and that the deafferentations carried out here were selective in interrupting fibers involved with tonic LH secretion in some @entity35 and those involved with the phasic secretion in others. These data also suggest that the MOPA components involved with tonic LH secretion are separate from those controlling phasic LH secretion.

title: Plasma LH levels in the long term ovariectomized XXXX after anterolateral deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus and lesions in the medial preoptic area.

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamic', 'ALHD', 'anterolateral hypothalamic deafferentiation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of using focused ultrasound to enhance delivery of @entity3600 ( @entity3600 ) to @entity463 in @entity35 with induced @entity5 and determine if such an approach increases treatment efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All animal experiments were approved by the animal committee and adhered to the experimental animal care guidelines. A 400-kHz focused ultrasound generator was used to transcranially disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in @entity35 brains by delivering burst-tone ultrasound energy in the presence of microbubbles. The process was monitored in vivo by using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Cultured C6 @entity11 cells implanted in @entity35 were used as the @entity5 model. @entity3600 (13.5 mg/kg) was administered intravenously and its concentration in brains was quantified by using high-performance liquid chromatography. MR imaging was used to evaluate the effect of treatments longitudinally, including analysis of @entity5 progression and animal survival, and brain tissues were histologically examined. Methods including the two-tailed unpaired t test and the Mantel-Cox test were used for statistical analyses, with a significance level of .05. RESULTS: Focused ultrasound significantly enhanced the penetration of @entity3600 through the BBB in normal (by 340%) and @entity5 -implanted (by 202%) brains without causing @entity548 . Treatment of @entity5 -implanted @entity35 with focused ultrasound alone had no beneficial effect on @entity5 progression or on animal survival up to 60 days. Administration of @entity3600 only transiently controlled @entity5 progression; nevertheless, relative to untreated controls, animal survival was improved by treatment with @entity3600 alone (increase in median survival time [IST(median)], 15.7%, P = .023). Treatment with focused ultrasound before @entity3600 administration controlled @entity5 progression (day 31: 0.05 cm(3) + or - 0.1 [standard deviation] vs 0.28 cm(3) + or - 0.1) and improved animal survival relative to untreated controls (IST(median), 85.9%, P = .0015). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a means of increasing localized chemotherapeutic drug delivery for @entity1313 treatment and strongly supports the feasibility of this treatment in a clinical setting.

title: Blood-brain barrier disruption with focused ultrasound enhances delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs for XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['BCNU', '1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: This analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III data found a significant risk of incident @entity173 in adults aged 65 years and older who are candidates for treatment to lower @entity174 risk, according to the new National @entity170 Foundation Clinician's Guide. INTRODUCTION: The relationship between treatment eligibility by the new National @entity170 Foundation (NOF) Guide to the Prevention and Treatment of @entity170 and the risk of subsequent @entity173 is unknown. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 3,208 @entity1 and @entity1 ages 65 years and older who were examined in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994), a nationally representative survey. Risk factors used to define treatment eligibility at baseline were measured in NHANES III or were simulated using World Health Organization study cohorts. Incident @entity173 were ascertained using linked mortality and Medicare records that were obtained for NHANES III @entity1 through December 31, 2000. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of @entity173 by treatment eligibility status. RESULTS: The RR for subsequent @entity173 was 4.9 (95% CI 3.30, 7.94) in treatment-eligible vs treatment-ineligible @entity1 . The increased risk for treatment-eligible @entity1 remained statistically significant when examined by sex or age: RR( @entity1 ) = 5.5 (2.6, 11.4) and RR( @entity1 ) = 4.3 (2.2, 8.4); RR(65-79 y) = 4.8 (2.6, 8.7) and RR(80+ y) = 4.6 (2.1, 10.1). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment-eligible @entity1 were about five times more likely to experience a subsequent @entity173 than the non-eligible @entity1 . The new NOF guidelines appear to predict future @entity173 risk equally in @entity1 as in @entity1 , and @entity174 risk prediction did not appear to diminish with age.

title: XXXX risk in older US adults by treatment eligibility status based on new National @entity170 Foundation guidance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['Hip fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of intraarticular hylan and 2 hyaluronic acids (HAs) in @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee. METHODS: This was a multicenter, @entity1 -blind, randomized controlled trial in 660 @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity571 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive 1 cycle of 3 intraarticular injections per knee of 1 of 3 preparations: a high molecular weight cross-linked hylan, a non-cross-linked medium molecular weight HA of avian origin, or a non-cross-linked low molecular weight HA of bacterial origin. The primary outcome measure was the change in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) @entity158 score at 6 months. Secondary outcome measures included local adverse events (effusions or flares) in injected knees. During months 7-12, @entity1 were offered a second cycle of viscosupplementation. RESULTS: @entity158 relief was similar in all 3 groups. The difference in changes between baseline and 6 months between hylan and the combined HAs was 0.1 on the WOMAC @entity158 score (95% confidence interval [95% CI] -0.2, 0.3). No relevant differences were observed in any of the secondary efficacy outcomes, and stratified analyses provided no evidence for differences in effects across different @entity1 groups. There was a trend toward more local adverse events in the hylan group than in the HA groups during the first cycle (difference 2.2% [95% CI -2.4, 6.7]), and this trend became more pronounced during the second cycle (difference 6.4% [95% CI 0.6, 12.2]). CONCLUSION: We found no evidence for a difference in efficacy between hylan and HAs. In view of its higher costs and potential for more local adverse events, we see no rationale for the continued use of hylan in @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Efficacy and safety of intraarticular hylan or hyaluronic acids for XXXX of the knee: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity330 ( @entity331 )-induced @entity11 , animal models of @entity1 @entity11 , are most frequently oligodendrocytic, while @entity1 @entity11 tend to be astrocytic. To facilitate a detailed study of @entity1 @entity105 , we developed an in vitro system using type 1 astrocyte transformation with @entity331 . Type 1 astrocytes from fetal @entity35 @entity35 brain were treated by a single dose of @entity331 . Transformed colonies appeared 50 days after exposure to single doses of @entity331 greater than 150 micrograms/mL. Cloned cells from these colonies retained the immunohistochemical characteristics of type 1 astrocytes. They showed rapid growth and high saturation densities, colony formation in low (2%) serum medium and gave rise to @entity5 when injected into @entity19 . When @entity876 expression was studied at each passage, a single cell positive for mutant @entity876 protein emerged 40 days after @entity331 treatment. In the next 1-3 passages, the mutant @entity876 positive cell formed piled-up colonies and exhibited dominant growth. Northern blot analysis showed markedly increased accumulations of @entity876 mRNA in transformed cells. This in vitro transformation system of type 1 astrocytes provides a valuable tool for further investigations of astrocyte carcinogenesis.

title: Transformation of type 1 astrocytes with XXXX : establishment of an in vitro system and the role of the @entity876 gene.

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['glial carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity330 :: (MESH:D005038,Chemical) :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency and feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-guided microwave ablation for @entity157 inconspicuous on conventional US. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2006 to February 2010, 107 @entity1 (93 male, 14 female; mean age 58.9  11.0 years) with 107 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) nodules (mean maximum diameter 19.5  8.5 mm) inconspicuous on conventional US underwent microwave (MW) ablation under CEUS guidance in this study. US contrast agent was SonoVue (Bracco, Milan, Italy), a second-generation contrast agent. CEUS was performed first, and then MW ablation was carried out by means of CEUS guidance under unconscious intravenous anaesthesia if the @entity5 were displayed on CEUS. RESULTS: 105 @entity5 were successfully visualised on CEUS by using 1-2 times contrast agent injection and MW ablation was performed under CEUS guidance. The technical success rate was 98.13% (105/107). The number of antenna insertions for each @entity5 was 1.89  0.92, and the mean session of MW ablation for each @entity5 was 1.08  0.28. The mean duration of energy application for each @entity5 was 7.05  4.03 min. The follow-up time was 12-54 months (median 18 months). The technique effectiveness rate was 99.05% (104/105). The @entity5 progression rate was 1.9% (2/105). There were no severe complications in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: CEUS-guided MW ablation is an efficient and feasible treatment method for @entity1 with @entity157 inconspicuous on conventional US.

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for XXXX inconspicuous on conventional ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: While the presence of an inflammatory response in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is well known, the data on @entity32 are conflicting, suggesting that @entity32 either attenuates pathology, exacerbates it or has no effect. Our goal was to more fully characterize the inflammatory response in APP (amyloid precursor protein) @entity19 with and without disease progression. In addition, we have examined how anti-Ab (amyloid b-peptide) immunotherapy alters this inflammatory response. We have used quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) and protein analysis to measure inflammatory responses ranging from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory and repair factors in @entity19 that develop @entity527 only (APPSw) and @entity527 with progression to tau pathology and neuron loss [APPSw/ @entity13633 -/- ( @entity842 synthase 2-/-)]. We also examined tissues from previously published immunotherapy studies. These studies were a passive immunization study in APPSw @entity19 and an active vaccination study in APPSw/ @entity13633 -/- @entity19 . Both studies have already been shown to lower amyloid load and improve cognition. We have found that @entity527 is associated with high expression of alternative activation and acquired deactivation genes and low expression of pro-inflammatory genes, whereas disease progression is associated with a mixed phenotype including increased levels of some classical activation factors. Immunotherapy targeting @entity527 in both @entity19 models resulted in decreased alternative inflammatory markers and, in the case of passive immunization, a transient increase in pro-inflammatory markers. Our results suggest that an alternative immune response favours retention of @entity527 in the brain, and switching away from this state by immunotherapy permits @entity10543 .

title: Diverse inflammatory responses in transgenic XXXX models of @entity195 and the effect of immunotherapy on these responses.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity10543 :: ('MESH:D017772', 'Disease') :: ['removal of amyloid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To calculate the incidence rates of @entity2194 and @entity1018 in @entity1530 -associated @entity1596 and to explore the effect of @entity32 on clinical outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. METHODS: The clinical records of 99 @entity1 (148 @entity1596 -affected eyes) with @entity1530 -associated @entity1596 seen at a tertiary care center were included. The main outcome measures were @entity2194 ( @entity1539 , @entity2372 , posterior subcapsular [PSC] @entity231 , @entity2790 , @entity8814 , @entity1103 , and epiretinal membrane) and @entity1018 . @entity32 was defined as >= 1+ grade @entity32 . @entity1596 was defined as persistent @entity32 with relapse in <3 months after discontinuing treatment or requiring medications to suppress @entity32 for >3 months after reviewing the @entity1 's entire clinical course. RESULTS: The clinical course was most commonly acute/recurrent (75%) or chronic (20%). The most common complications to develop during follow-up were @entity2790 (0.10/eye-year) and PSC @entity231 (0.09/eye-year). In multivariate analysis, the presence of posterior @entity5862 at presentation, @entity32 , corticosteroid-sparing therapy, corticosteroid injections, @entity102 , and male gender were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of developing @entity1018 (20/50 or worse). @entity102 was associated with a 7-fold increased risk of @entity227 (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.8, P < .0001). The presence of @entity32 during follow-up was associated with an increased risk of developing @entity227 (HR = 6.2, P < .0001). In multivariate analysis, @entity102 and topical corticosteroids were associated with an increased risk of developing any @entity2194 (HR = 2.2, P = .04 and HR = 3.3, P = .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Poorly controlled @entity32 was associated with the development of @entity2194 including @entity1018 . @entity1 with @entity32 were also at greater risk of complications.

title: Incidence rates and risk factors for @entity2194 and @entity1018 in @entity1530 -associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'Anterior chamber inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['incident ocular complication', 'ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['posterior iris synechiae']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['band keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['uveitis', 'Chronic uveitis']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic disease course', 'Chronic disease course']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['synechiae']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) remains an important cause of @entity5 . Changes in apoptosis signaling in @entity788 result in chemotherapy resistance and @entity146 growth and metastasizing. The aim of this study was to characterize the apoptosis pathway in @entity788 computationally by evaluation of experimental data from high-throughput technologies and public data bases. Therefore, gene expression analysis of microdissected @entity788 tissue was implemented in a model of the apoptosis pathway obtained by computational protein interaction prediction. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Apoptosis pathway related genes were assembled from electronic databases. To assess expression of these genes we constructed a virtual subarray from a whole genome analysis from microdissected native @entity5 tissue. To obtain a model of the apoptosis pathway, interactions of members of the apoptosis pathway were analysed using public databases and computational prediction of protein interactions. Gene expression data were implemented in the apoptosis pathway model. 19 genes were found differentially expressed and 12 genes had an already known pathophysiological role in @entity1124 , such as Survivin/ @entity23249 , @entity19003 and @entity10736 . Furthermore we validated differential expression of @entity10732 and @entity22769 / @entity22769 by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Implementation of the gene expression data in the apoptosis pathway map suggested two higher level defects of the pathway at the level of cell death receptors and within the intrinsic signaling cascade consistent with references on apoptosis in @entity1124 . Protein interaction prediction further showed possible new interactions between the single pathway members, which demonstrate the complexity of the apoptosis pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data shows that by computational evaluation of public accessible data an acceptable virtual image of the apoptosis pathway might be given. By this approach we could identify two higher level defects of the apoptosis pathway in @entity1124 . We could further for the first time identify @entity10732 as possible candidate gene in @entity1124 .

title: Examination of apoptosis signaling in XXXX by computational signal transduction analysis.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer death']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: In 10 chronically catheterized fetal @entity742 , the effects of 100 g of @entity413 infused (intravenous) to the pregnant ewe on lung liquid production and acid-base status were investigated. Maternal and fetal @entity4854 occurred within 15 min of the infusion of @entity413 . There was a significant increase in fetal PCO2 from 41.67 +/- 1.00 to 46.89 +/- 1.83 mm Hg and a decrease in fetal arterial pH from 7.42 +/- 0.016 to 7.33 +/- 0.026 (n = 7). This @entity520 was probably the result of @entity2241 . There was also a decrease in fetal @entity4095 (p less than 0.001) following the infusion of @entity413 to the ewe. This, along with the @entity520 , might account for the increased risk of unexplained @entity5617 in the @entity6 pregnancy especially near term. Following the infusion of @entity413 to the ewe there was an increase in maternal plasma osmolality by 16 +/- 3.35 mosmol/kg (n = 9) and in fetal plasma osmolality by 14 +/- 2.64 mosmol/kg (n = 9; p less than 0.001). Fetal lung liquid production fell from 0.195 +/- 0.04 to 0.093 +/- 0.02 ml/min (n = 6; p less than 0.001). There was no change in the excretion of osmol by the lungs. The decreased lung liquid production was probably due to a decrease in the net movement of fluid across the pulmonary epithelium.

title: The effect of maternal XXXX on acid base balance and lung liquid production in the fetal @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal lactacidemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An infective, mostly viral basis has been found in different @entity1 @entity5 . To test the hypothesis of a possible @entity1221 in @entity1 , we investigated the associations with proxy measures of exposure to @entity166 . METHODS: In a large case-control study nested in the populations of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland of 4.4 million @entity1 , we studied the association of birth order and seasonal variation of birth with subsequent risk for CNS @entity5 . We identified 3983 @entity1 from the national @entity5 registries, and information on exposure was obtained from the high-quality national administrative health registries. We investigated the association between childcare attendance during the first 2 years of life and the risk for CNS @entity5 in a subset of Danish @entity1 with CNS @entity5 , using information from the Danish Childcare database. RESULTS: We observed no association between birth order and risk of CNS @entity5 overall (odds ratio (OR) for second born or later born vs first born, 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.96-1.10) or by histological subgroup, and @entity1 with CNS @entity5 did not show a seasonal variation of birth that was distinct from that of the background population. Childcare attendance compared with homecare showed a slightly increased OR (1.29; 95% CI, 0.90-1.86) for CNS @entity5 , with the highest risk observed in @entity1 attending a cr  che. The strongest association was observed for @entity1221 . We found no effect of age at enrolment or duration of enrolment in childcare. CONCLUSION: These results do not support the hypothesis that the burden of exposure to @entity166 in early childhood has an important role in the aetiology of @entity1221 .

title: Infectious exposure in the first years of life and risk of @entity1221 in XXXX : analysis of birth order, childcare attendance and seasonality of birth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric CNS tumours', 'embryonal CNS tumours', 'infectious aetiology for central nervous system (CNS) tumours']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Despite advances in prevention, fall-related hospitalisation rates among older @entity1 are still increasing. Rates between 1998/1999 and 2008/2009 for non-facture-related injuries increased by 6.1% while @entity174 injuries declined by -0.4%. Varying trends in rates of different @entity130 makes it difficult to provide a definitive explanation for these changes. INTRODUCTION: Despite advances in fall prevention research and practice, the rate of fall-related hospitalisations continues to increase. However, hip @entity174 rates appear to be declining. An examination of trends in types of injuries that contribute to the @entity130 rate is required to establish which injuries are driving the falls admission rate. The aim of this paper is to examine trends in fall-related injury hospital admissions by @entity130 in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. METHODS: A retrospective review of fall-related @entity130 in NSW among individuals aged 65+   years, by @entity130 , was conducted from 1 July 1998 to 30 June 2009. Direct age-standardised admission rates were calculated. Negative binomial regression was used to examine the statistical significance of changes in trend over time of different hospitalised fall-related injuries. RESULTS: The fall-related hospitalisation rate increased by 1.7% each year (p   <   0.0001; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-2.1%). However, the rate of @entity174 declined by -0.4% (p   <   0.03; 95% CI, -0.8-0.0%); whereas, the non- @entity174 rate increased by 6.1% (p   <   0.0001; 95% CI, 5.5-6.7%) annually. Rates for severe @entity542 , rib and @entity174 increased while those for hip and @entity174 declined. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that while fall prevention efforts in NSW are not yet affecting the overall rate of @entity130 , there has been a significant decline in the rates of some @entity174 . Opposing trends in the rates of other @entity174 admissions and a significant increase in the rate of non- @entity174 injuries associated with falls makes a definitive explanation for these changes difficult.

title: Conflicting trends in fall-related @entity130 among older @entity1 : variations by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury hospitalisations', 'injury types', 'overall fall injury', 'injury type', 'injury hospitalisation']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'forearm fracture', 'pelvic fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury type']


abstract: Transplacental @entity105 by @entity330 (ENU) was studied in patas (Erythrocebus patas) and rhesus ( @entity2608 ) monkeys. Repeated intravenous injections throughout pregnancy caused @entity7132 in female patas monkeys and a variety of @entity3567 in their offspring. Latent periods for transplacentally induced @entity5 varied from less than one month to more than ten years. One @entity5 was observed. Certain kinds of @entity5 were observed only in transplacentally exposed offspring, and not in monkeys given the same carcinogen during juvenile or adult life. These included a variety of @entity5 , especially @entity3969 , and @entity1313 . @entity808 of the peripheral nervous system were not observed in patas monkeys given ENU. One @entity5 yielded DNA that transformed NIH 3T3 cells in a transfection assay. Similar protocols performed in @entity2608 also yielded a variety of @entity5 in the offspring, including @entity1313 ; but in this species the most common @entity5 was @entity8523 , and no @entity1466 was seen in adult females given ENU during pregnancy. Administration of @entity107 to patas monkeys during pregnancy at first appeared to have had no effect on the offspring, but administration of phenobarbital beginning at four years of age resulted in the rapid appearance of @entity5 . With regard to potential @entity1 risk from prenatal exposure to carcinogens, three conclusions deserve special emphasis: (1) the extreme susceptibility of the fetal primate central nervous system to certain chemical carcinogens, which confirms and reinforces what was previously known from studies in rodents; (2) the prolonged latency of transplacentally initiated @entity5 and the importance of subsequent postnatal exposure to promoting agents; and (3) the concurrent risk of transplacental chemical @entity105 in offspring and @entity7132 in the mother, suggesting that @entity7132 with its short latent period may serve as an epidemiologically exploitable marker for @entity1 populations in which transplacental @entity105 is likely.

title: Comparative transplacental XXXX by directly acting and metabolism-dependent alkylating agents in rodents and nonhuman primates.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity7132 :: ('MESH:D031954', 'Disease') :: ['gestational choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal tumour', 'neoplasms', 'embryonal tumours', 'case of congenital neoplasm', 'tumours', 'epithelial tumours', 'multiple hepatocellular tumours']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours', 'tumours of the brain, mostly gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosodiethylamine']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['nephroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity8523 :: ('MESH:D018202', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary blastoma']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['non-trophoblastic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys', 'Macaca mulatta']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: Antiretroviral compounds can select viral strains presenting mutations of the @entity645 genome. Certain genotypic modifications are expressed by phenotypic resistance. There is no cross resistance between different classes of compounds ( @entity2642 , non @entity2642 , antiproteases), but cross resistance is common within a given therapeutic class. @entity645 resistance to antiretroviral compounds is one of the principal causes of failure of antiretroviral treatments but cannot explain all escapes. The number of resistance mutations is higher in @entity1 with high viral loads and in @entity1 on multiple drug regimens. Currently resistance testing is limited to clinical research protocols. The usefulness of resistance testing remains to be validated. However the most eminent indications are epidemiological surveillance of primary resistance in primary @entity281 , therapeutic adaptation after accidental exposure to @entity645 , and management of seropositive pregnant @entity1 . Recent retrospective studies have shown that the genotype and the phenotype after a first line treatment failure predict response to certain therapeutic combinations. In the near future, resistance testing could be useful to adapt antiviral strategies after earlier treatment failure.

title: [ XXXX immunodeficiency virus resistance to antiretroviral drugs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the clinical utility of the Informant Questionnaire on @entity73 in the Elderly (IQCODE) in @entity1 referred to memory clinics, alone and in combination with the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) and the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ). METHODS: This pragmatic prospective study was based on consecutive referrals attending with an informant (n = 144) to two memory clinics over a 12-month period. @entity1 were diagnosed using standard clinical diagnostic criteria for @entity303 (DSM-IV) as gold standard ( @entity303 prevalence = 59%). The IQCODE was administered to informants, and the ACE-R and/or @entity1032 to most @entity1 . RESULTS: The IQCODE proved acceptable to informants, and was quick and easy to use. Using traditional parameters of diagnostic utility (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, likelihood ratios), the performance of the IQCODE at optimal test accuracy was highly sensitive (0.86) for the diagnosis of @entity303 but specificity was poor (0.39) with suboptimal positive predictive value (0.67) and small or unimportant likelihood ratios. Overall diagnostic accuracy based on area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.71. Combining the IQCODE with either ACE-R or @entity1032 greatly improved accuracy, specificity and positive predictive value when the tests were used in series, but not when used in parallel. CONCLUSION: In a memory clinic based population, the IQCODE proved sensitive for the diagnosis of @entity303 but overall diagnostic accuracy was suboptimal. Combining the IQCODE in series with the ACE-R or @entity1032 greatly improved diagnostic utility.

title: Diagnostic utility of the Informant Questionnaire on XXXX in the Elderly (IQCODE) and its combination with the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) in a memory clinic-based population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive Decline']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini-mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Decline']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) remains the most common @entity1489 in @entity1 and an increasing number are living as @entity0 survivors. AIM: The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of the first diagnosis of invasive @entity0 and its treatment, menopausal symptoms, and body image on sexual function. METHODS: The BUPA Foundation Health and Wellbeing after @entity0 Study is a prospective cohort study of 1,684 @entity1 recruited within 12 months of their first diagnosis with invasive @entity0 . Each @entity1 completed an enrollment questionnaire (EQ) and first follow-up questionnaire (FQ1) 12 months post-EQ. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Sexual function was evaluated by the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire embedded within the FQ1. RESULTS: Of the 1,011 @entity1 in the analyses, 70% experienced @entity458 and 77% reported vasomotor symptoms. @entity1 experiencing @entity458 were postmenopausal (P = 0.02), experienced vasomotor symptoms (P < 0.01), and used aromatase inhibitors (P = 0.03). @entity1 with vasomotor symptoms were twice as likely to experience @entity458 (odds ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 141, 2.63; P < 0.001). This association was more extreme for @entity1 on aromatase inhibitors (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.72, 7.09; P = 0.001) but did not persist in @entity1 not using endocrine therapies (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.84, 2.36; P = 0.19). @entity1 on aromatase inhibitors were more likely to report @entity458 (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.0, 2.2, P = 0.04) and @entity1 with body image issues were 2.5 times more likely to report @entity458 (OR 2.5 95% CI 1.6, 3.7, P < 0.001). @entity1 using @entity440 were not more likely to experience @entity458 (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8, 1.5, P = 0.6); however, @entity1 with body image issues were twice as likely to experience @entity458 (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5, 3.0, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Seventy percent of partnered @entity0 survivors less than 70 experienced @entity458 . Sexual problems are related to the use of aromatase inhibitors which can exacerbate menopausal symptoms.

title: Sexual function after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'Breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual function problems']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to now, there has been no effective diagnostic procedure for early diagnosis of @entity1204 . During recent years, however, study results on transvaginal sonography (TVS) of the endometrium have been published recommending TVS as a screening method for early diagnosis of @entity1204 in postmenopausal @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of TVS in measuring endometrial thickness and the resulting performance under screening conditions. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity548 were included in a prospective blind diagnostic study. Endometrial thickness was measured with TVS before D_C. The histological findings of D_C were used as a control. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated after combining the separately and blindly determined findings. RESULTS: The study comprised 195 @entity1 . @entity1204 was diagnosed in 29 of these @entity1 , a prevalence of 15%. The median endometrial thickness was 5.5 mm (0-10 mm) in @entity1 with @entity1204 and 4 mm (0-15 mm) in @entity1 without @entity5 (p > 0.05 Mann-Whitney U-test). For a cut-off > or = 4 mm, the sensitivity is 62% and the specificity is 50%. The sensitivities and specificities for all cut-offs are displayed in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The relationship between the positive predictive values and the different prevalences is demonstrated in another curve. Using the results of this and other comparable studies, only very low positive predictive values can be calculated (0.03-1.9%) with prevalences expected under screening conditions (0.02-0.12%). CONCLUSION: Transvaginal sonography is not a useful method in early diagnosis of @entity1204 .

title: [ XXXX and vaginal ultrasound: studies of the diagnostic validity].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: The prominent philosopher, theologian, physician, musicologist and organ soloist Albert Schweitzer (14. 1. 1875-4. 9. 1965) submitted his @entity601 thesis Kritik der von medizinischer Seite ver  ffentlichten Pathographien uber Jesus (Criticism of the medical pathographies on Jesus) in 1913. Very soon he published this work under the title Die psychiatrische Beurteilung Jesu. Darstellung und Kritik (The @entity146 evaluation of Jesus. Description and criticism) in order to reach a broader audience. Schweitzer's explicit motive for selecting this topic was to influence the theological debate by means of a M. D. thesis on @entity146 pathographies on Jesus. He was confronted with a lot of reproaches. These reproaches contended that his theological opinions had been supporting tendencies to describe Jesus as a mentally ill @entity1 or a religious fanatic. In addition, some authors of pathographies on Jesus (De Loosten, Binet-Sangl  , Hirsch, Rasmussen) characterized Jesus as mentally ill, suffering from @entity10963 . Schweitzer intended to reject the reproaches considering himself and the postulates of the authors of the pathographies. Schweitzer combined in a transdisciplinary way theological, @entity146 and psychopathological arguments. He did this in a very convincing way. Although Schweitzer did not deal with a central or explicit @entity146 question, he implicitly postulated transdisciplinary approaches for proper retrospective pathographies on historic @entity1 . At the age of thirty, Schweitzer decided to finish his academic career and to begin studies in medicine as a preparation for work as a physician in Africa. This decision provoked much lack of understanding in his personal environment. Therefore it may be possible that a very personal motive contributed to the selection of the topic of the @entity601 thesis. Among @entity146 authorities, Albert Schweitzer's interest in the criticisms of @entity146 pathographies and his transdisciplinary approach to this topic encountered rather criticism from a positivistic point of view than understanding. As a reaction to this, Schweitzer postulated some fundamental positions regarding the cultural or social responsibility of science and regarding the interdisciplinary cooperation within the universitas litterarum. These positions precede the way Albert Schweitzer is reconsidered as author in cultural studies and ethicist. The fact that this happened immediately before the beginning of the WWI may show his @entity3467 .

title: [Albert Schweitzer's XXXX thesis on Criticism of the medical pathographies on Jesus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['farsightedness']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['MD']


abstract: The technology of the @entity737 ( @entity737 ) offers the opportunity to overcome the present limits of the invasive and noninvasive approaches of clinical electrophysiology. The invasive approach enables us to reproduce severe @entity943 if they are inducible, but does not give information concerning the way they spontaneously arise. The noninvasive approach (Holter) gives this information, but it usually concerns only trivial @entity943 with different therapeutic targets. One hopes in the future, by means of an important extension to @entity737 technology, which is not technically possible for the time being, to have access to pertinent information and to a better understanding of the circumstances leading to severe spontaneous @entity943 , potentially lethal. For the moment, we only have the diagnostic certainty leading to the therapeutic intervention. It is based on an ECG and on the sequence of cardiac cycles preceding the rhythmic controlled accident. These data allow verification of but not explanation of the events. To have a chance to be understood and explained, these "events" must be replaced in the context of the "nonevents." Ideally, one should have all the gross information concerning the last 24 hours and subsequently analyze them. It is already a big step, thanks to the defibrillators the right to therapeutic error has been gained, a unique and fatal accident has been transformed into a repeatable event, and therefore, access is gained to the evolution of the responsible disease.

title: Holter functions of the XXXX : what is still missing?

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter defibrillator', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter defibrillator']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity615 is a major public health problem and the primary reason @entity1 seek massage treatment. Despite the growing use of massage for @entity1643 , there have been few studies of its effectiveness. This trial will be the first evaluation of the effectiveness of relaxation massage for @entity615 and the first large trial of a focused structural form of massage for this condition. METHODS AND DESIGN: A total of 399 @entity1 (133 in each of three arms) between the ages of 20 and 65 years of age who have @entity1643 lasting at least 3 months will be recruited from an integrated health care delivery system. They will be randomized to one of two types of massage ("focused structural massage" or "relaxation massage"), or continued usual medical care. Ten massage treatments will be provided over 10 weeks. The primary outcomes, standard measures of dysfunction and bothersomeness of @entity1643 , will be assessed at baseline and after 10, 26, and 52 weeks by telephone interviewers masked to treatment assignment. General health status, satisfaction with back care, days of back-related disability, perceived stress, and use and costs of healthcare services for @entity615 will also be measured. Outcomes across assigned treatment groups will be compared using generalized estimating equations, accounting for @entity1 correlation and adjusted for baseline value, age, and sex. For both primary outcome measures, this trial will have at least 85% power to detect the presence of a minimal clinically significant difference among the three treatment groups and 91% power for pairwise comparisons. Secondary analyses will compare the proportions of @entity1 in each group that improve by a clinically meaningful amount. CONCLUSION: Results of this trial will help clarify the value of two types of massage therapy for @entity1643 .

title: Effectiveness of focused structural massage and relaxation massage for XXXX : protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic back pain', 'chronic back pain', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) causes chronic @entity490 and @entity910 . The etiology involves complicated interactions among visceral @entity66 related to bowel movements, and stress. Changes in the microbiota affect the @entity1744 pathophysiology. We investigated changes in colorectal motility, structure, and microbiota in response to stress due to @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) and @entity3318 ( @entity3318 ) administration in @entity35 . SUMMARY: Neonatal @entity35 were separated from their mothers for 3 h daily from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND14. The control group included @entity35 of the same age that were not separated. After @entity7310 , the @entity35 were undisturbed for 5 weeks. At 8 weeks of age, 10   g of @entity3318 or saline was intravenously administered to @entity7310 and control groups. Two hours later, the number of fecal pellets was counted. Three hours after @entity3318 or saline administration, the @entity35 were sacrificed and colorectal tissue samples and cecal contents were collected to analyze the fecal microbiota. The number of fecal pellets was significantly greater in @entity7310 with the @entity3318 group. Both stressors altered the microbiota composition. Key Messages: Among @entity35 that received @entity3318 , @entity7310 increased the colorectal motility. Stress due to @entity7310 altered the gut microbiota composition.

title: Changes in Intestinal Motility and Gut Microbiota Composition in a XXXX Stress Model.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity, disorders']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bowel movements']

entities_list: @entity3318 :: ('81648(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CRH', 'corticotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['maternal separation', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ), a known histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been used as an anticonvulsant in @entity235 . @entity3262 also has anti-inflammatory properties, but there are no reports on the immunomodulatory effects of @entity3262 in @entity235 @entity5694 . In the present study, we demonstrate that the use of @entity3262 significantly reduces the production of early-phase pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, @entity7259 ) caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study, @entity3262 was evaluated for 24h on LPS (100 ng/ml)-treated @entity235 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which isolated from 5 healthy @entity235 . @entity3262 significantly decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-a and @entity7259 in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05 for @entity7259 ; p<0.01 for TNF-a). Fourteen adult Beagles were studied for in vivo study; nine @entity235 received a low dose of LPS (10  g/kg/h) via continuous IV infusion for 12h to induce @entity5694 whereas 5 @entity235 received normal saline as controls. Four out of 9 endotoxemic @entity235 were administered @entity3262 (50mg/kg, IV) at 1h and 12h along with the LPS infusion. Three hours after the first administration of @entity3262 , @entity7259 mRNA expressions in PBMCs significantly decreased (p=0.033 vs. LPS group). @entity3262 also significantly decreased the circulating TNF-a (p=0.044 vs. LPS group at 3h) and @entity7259 protein at 3h (p=0.034 vs. LPS group) and 6h (p=0.026 vs. LPS group) post-treatment. Our study suggests that @entity3262 attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a @entity235 @entity5694 model in vitro and in vivo. We speculate that @entity1092 may be useful for reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in @entity235 with @entity295 .

title: @entity1092 attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines lipopolysaccharide-treated @entity235 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in vitro) and in a @entity235 XXXX model (in vivo).

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'Beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid', 'valproic acid']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: Malformations of fetuses obtained from @entity35 @entity35 dams treated with @entity3460 during gestation were studied. Fetuses were examined on day 20 of gestation. One hundred and twenty-seven fetuses showed abnormalities of the external features, skeleton and internal organs, separately or in combination. External @entity600 were found in 108 fetuses. The most frequent external @entity600 was @entity154 of tail. @entity3570 , @entity5149 , @entity601 and @entity14592 were also observed frequently. @entity600 were detected in 48 fetuses. @entity85 in the lumbar, sacral and/or caudal regions was found in 46 fetuses. Internal @entity600 were observed in 27 fetuses. @entity154 of heart and/or great vessels, @entity1276 and micro- or @entity17347 were observed frequently. About 90% of the fetuses with skeletal @entity600 also showed some external @entity600 . In contrast, about 48% of the fetuses with internal @entity600 also had some external @entity600 . These results suggest that, for teratological study, internal examination is more important in detecting @entity600 of fetuses than skeletal examination.

title: Malformations in @entity35 fetuses induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['Spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'Anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'Skeletal malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity17347 :: ('MESH:D000853', 'Disease') :: ['anophthalmia']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['exencephaly']

entities_list: @entity14592 :: ('MESH:D001006', 'Disease') :: ['anal atresia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Deformity of vertebrae']

answer: @entity3460 :: (MESH:D014343,Chemical) :: ['trypan blue']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are a major group of pollutants whose occurrence in the environment is mainly of anthropogenic origin. In this paper, we examine the effect of topographical slope exposure on @entity2556 contamination and seasonal change in @entity2556 concentrations in soils. We collected soil samples on three dates in 2007 (early May, end of July and beginning of November) from south- and north-facing aspects at 1900 m a.s.l. in the central Italian Alps. We found greater @entity2556 contamination in soils from a north-facing slope than in those from a south-facing slope at all seasons. We calculated North-South Enrichment Factors as the ratio between the concentrations measured in soils from northern and southern aspects. These ratios ranged from 1.4 to 1.9 for lighter @entity2556 (from 2 to 4 rings). These values are consistent with theoretical calculations based on temperature-specific octanol-air partition coefficients (predicted North-South Enrichment Factors range from 1.6 to 2.0). For heavier @entity2556 (from 5 to 6 rings), smaller differences were observed between soils from northern and southern aspects, due to the gas/particle distribution of these compounds. We also found consistent differences in normalised @entity2556 concentrations across the three sampling periods. The majority of compounds showed a significant decreasing trend from the beginning of May to the end of July, due to the annual cycles of physical processes (deposition vs. volatilisation) and biological processes (uptake and/or biotransformation). Only a few compounds showed different trends, presumably due to season-specific local emission sources.

title: Seasonal changes and temperature-dependent accumulation of XXXX in high-altitude soils.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5470 is a synthetic @entity2453 ( @entity2453 ) reductase inhibitor that selectively and competitively inhibits P450TB ( @entity5060 ) in vitro. The potential for kinetic interactions in vivo between @entity5470 and P450TB substrates was therefore investigated in healthy volunteers. METHODS: @entity3522 (25 mg orally) oxidation was used as a marker of P450TB activity on days 0, 1, and 8 of @entity5470 treatment (40 mg/day). RESULTS: Diclofenac peak concentration (Cmax) increased over time (0.28 [SD, 0.12], 0.38 [0.20], and 0.45 [0.4] mg/L on days 0, 1, and 8, respectively). Oral clearance was reduced on days 1 and 8 (14% and 15%, respectively). A time-dependent decrease in urinary @entity209 ( @entity209 , @entity12672 / @entity3522 ) was noted (1.07 [0.34], 0.90 [0.23] and 0.70 [0.18] on days 0, 1, and 8, respectively [p < 0.0001]) for the first 4 hours. The interaction was clear in only some individuals; @entity209 reduction was related to baseline @entity209 and it was more pronounced in subjects with a higher baseline @entity209 (p < 0.01). @entity5470 Cmax (0.18 [0.11] and 0.32 [0.1] mg/L on days 1 and 8, respectively) and area under the curve (0.28 [0.12] and 0.43 [0.15] hr.mg/L on days 1 and 8, respectively; p < 0.001) increased over time. Diclofenac @entity209 reduction was correlated with @entity5470 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Interactions between @entity5470 and P450TB substrates ( @entity3174 , oral anticoagulants, oral hypoglycemic agents, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) may occur, at least in some @entity1 .

title: In vivo inhibition profile of cytochrome P450TB ( @entity5060 ) by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5470 :: ('MESH:C065180', 'Chemical') :: ['(+/-)-Fluvastatin', 'fluvastatin', 'Fluvastatin']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic ratio', 'MR']

entities_list: @entity12672 :: ('MESH:C108036', 'Chemical') :: ["4'-hydroxydiclofenac"]

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A', 'HMG-CoA']

answer: @entity5470 :: (MESH:C065180,Chemical) :: ['(+/-)-fluvastatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether a mindfulness meditation intervention may be effective in caregivers of close relatives with @entity303 and to help refine the protocol for future larger trials. DESIGN: The design was a pilot randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a mindfulness meditation intervention adapted from the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy program in relation to two comparison groups: an education class based on Powerful Tools for Caregivers serving as an active control group and a respite-only group serving as a pragmatic control. SETTINGS/LOCATION: This study was conducted at the Oregon Health _ Science University, Portland, OR. SUBJECTS: The subjects were community-dwelling caregivers aged 45-85 years of close relatives with @entity303 . INTERVENTIONS: The two active interventions lasted 7 weeks, and consisted of one 90-minute session per week along with at-home implementation of knowledge learned. The respite-only condition provided the same duration of respite care that was needed for the active interventions. OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects were assessed prior to randomization and again after completing classes at 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was a self-rated measure of caregiver stress, the @entity146 ( @entity146 ). Secondary outcome measures included mood, fatigue, self-efficacy, mindfulness, salivary cortisols, cytokines, and cognitive function. We also evaluated self-rated stress in the subjects' own environment, expectancy of improvement, and credibility of the interventions. RESULTS: There were 31 caregivers randomized and 28 completers. There was a significant effect on @entity146 by group covarying for baseline @entity146 , with both active interventions showing improvement compared with the respite-only group. Most of the secondary outcome measures were not significantly affected by the interventions. There was an intervention effect on the caregiver self-efficacy measure and on cognitive measures. Although mindfulness was not impacted by the intervention, there were significant correlations between mindfulness and self-rated mood and stress scores. CONCLUSIONS: Both mindfulness and education interventions decreased the self-rated caregiver stress compared to the respite-only control.

title: Pilot controlled trial of mindfulness meditation and education for XXXX caregivers.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['RMBPC', 'Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between the development of postoperative anterior knee @entity158 and the location of the nail in the proximal tibia in @entity1 treated with locked intramedullary nailing for @entity174 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were selected among those who underwent locked intramedullary nailing for @entity174 , with exclusion of all other factors that might be associated with postoperative anterior knee @entity158 . In all the @entity1 , intramedullary nailing was performed using the transtendinous approach and both proximal and distal locking. The @entity1 were evaluated in two groups: 10 @entity1 (3 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ; mean age 38 + or - 14 years) had anterior knee @entity158 , whereas 20 @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ; mean age 35 + or - 12 years) did not. The distances from the nail to the tibial plateau and anterior tibial cortex were measured on the lateral x-rays after a mean follow-up of 56.6 months and 45.2 months in @entity1 with and without anterior knee @entity158 , respectively. RESULTS: The two groups were similar with respect to gender and follow-up period (p>0.05). The mean distances from the nail to the tibial plateau and anterior tibial cortex were -11.5 + or - 7.9 mm and 3.7 + or - 5.4 mm, respectively, in @entity1 with anterior knee @entity158 . The corresponding distances were -8.8 + or - 7.3 mm and 6.5 + or - 4.7 mm in @entity1 without knee @entity158 . Neither of the distances showed a significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the distances from the nail to the tibial plateau and anterior tibial cortex do not have any role in the development of postoperative anterior knee @entity158 .

title: [The relationship between anterior knee XXXX occurring after tibial intramedullary nailing and the localization of the nail in the proximal tibia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibial diaphyseal fractures']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity1 who had measurable evidence of recurrent or metastatic @entity14 following surgery and radiotherapy but no prior chemotherapy were randomized to one of five combination chemotherapy programs. Four of the treatments utilized five consecutive days of @entity1487 (FU) (days 1--5 and days 36--40) plus one oral dose of @entity16418 (ME) (day 1) every ten weeks: (A) FU + ME; (B) FU + ME + @entity1891 (VC) (day 1 and day 36); (C) FU + ME + @entity2699 (DC) (days 1, 2, 36, 37); (D) FU + ME + VC + DC. The fifth treatment option(E) used a weekly treatment program of FU I.V. on day 1 plus @entity1862 (HU) P.O. on day 4. The overall response rate was 13% (60/472) and the median survival time from start of therapy for all @entity1 was 31 weeks. The response rate and the median survival time for each combination was (A) 9/103 = 9%, 26 weeks; (B) 10/92 = 11%, 28 weeks; (C) 15/101 = 15%, 37 weeks; (D) 11/91 = 12%, 27 weeks; (E) 15/85 = 18%, 38 weeks. There is no statistical difference in response rate or survival duration among any of the treatment options. The therapies containing DC produced the only complete responses (3 @entity1 on treatment C and 2 on D). Treatment D was also associated with the longest median response duration (Treatment D = 55 weeks). Treatment A (FU + ME) was associated with the highest incidence of life-threatening @entity137 .

title: Combination chemotherapy of advanced @entity14 utilizing @entity1487 , @entity16418 , @entity2699 , XXXX , and @entity1862 : a phase III trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (EST: 4275).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity16418 :: ('MESH:D012673', 'Chemical') :: ['semustine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression is higher in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) compared to other subtypes and is reported to predict incidence of distant metastases and shorter overall survival. We investigated the therapeutic impact of a @entity6621 (VACV) @entity15821 -1h164 (derived from its parent virus @entity15821 -1h100), encoding a single-chain antibody (scAb) against @entity7 (GLAF-2) in an orthotopic @entity0 @entity19 model. @entity15821 -1h164 was tested against multiple @entity0 cell lines. @entity1800 , @entity137 , and replication were determined. Mammary fat pad @entity5 were generated in athymic @entity19 using MDA-MB-231 cells. Xenografts were treated with @entity15821 -1h164, @entity15821 -1h100, or PBS and followed for @entity5 growth. @entity1800 was time- and concentration-dependent. @entity15821 -1h164 killed @entity0 cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion with greater than 90% @entity137 within 4 days at a multiplicity of infection of 5.0. In vitro, @entity137 of @entity15821 -1h164 was identical to @entity15821 -1h100. @entity15821 -1h164 replicated efficiently in all cell lines with an over 400-fold increase in copy numbers from the initial viral dose within 4 days. In vivo, mean @entity5 volumes after 2 weeks of treatment were 73, 191, and 422 mm(3) ( @entity15821 -1h164, @entity15821 -1h100, and PBS, respectively) (p < 0.05). Both in vivo Doppler ultrasonography and immuno-staining showed decreased neo-angiogenesis in @entity15821 -1h164-treated @entity5 compared to both @entity15821 -1h100 and PBS controls (p < 0.05). This is the first study to demonstrate efficient combination of oncolytic and anti-angiogenic activity of a novel VACV on @entity0 xenografts. Our results suggest that @entity15821 -1h164 is a promising therapeutic agent that warrants testing for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: A novel XXXX with dual oncolytic and anti-angiogenic therapeutic effects against triple-negative @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TNBC', 'triple-negative breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infectivity']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity6621 :: (10245,Species) :: ['vaccinia virus']


abstract: Several functions have been proposed for @entity12158 in @entity1 platelets, including the regulation of phospholipase (PL) C gamma and @entity141 ATPase. However, its localization is largely unknown. In the present study we have investigated the subcellular distribution of @entity9704 by immunocytochemical techniques using affinity purified polyclonal antibodies raised against residues 121-137 common to the 95% homologous @entity9704 and @entity12158 proteins. By immunofluorescence, a positive labelling was obtained on intact resting platelets and was abolished after adsorption of the antibodies with the control peptide. Immunoelectron microscopy was then used to further define the subcellular localization of @entity12158 in platelets and @entity10706 ( @entity10706 ). In resting cells, immunolabelling for @entity12158 was associated with the plasma membrane, mostly at its inner face, and lined the membrane of the open canalicular system (OCS). Some labelling was also found outlining the alpha-granules, identified as such by a double labelling with an anti- @entity1427 -IIIa. On thrombasthenic platelets the same localization was observed. When platelets were stimulated by @entity556 , immunolabelling for @entity12158 was redistributed to the zones of fusion of the granules with the @entity6862 , and to the plasma membrane with a higher concentration on pseudopods. @entity1 @entity10706 expressed @entity9704 and the staining revealed the association of the protein with the demarcation membranes and alpha-granules. This study presents a first approach to the localization of a small GTP binding-protein @entity12158 in whole platelets and @entity10706 , and shows its association with both the plasma and OCS membranes, as well as with the alpha-granule membranes.

title: Ultrastructural localization of the small GTP-binding protein XXXX in @entity1 platelets and @entity10706 .

entities_list: @entity10706 :: ('MESH:D007947', 'Disease') :: ['megakaryocytes', 'MK']

answer: @entity9704 :: (5906,Gene) :: ['Rap1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: While many @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ) have impaired physical and psychologic well-being, less is known about these health domains in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). The authors sought to compare symptoms, @entity308 , and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity454 and those with @entity740 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 with @entity454 and subjects with advanced @entity740 were enrolled. @entity1 ' symptoms, @entity308 , and quality of life were assessed using the Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI), @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Short Form 36 (SF-36), respectively, and these health domains were compared between @entity1 groups. RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 with @entity454 and 87 with @entity740 were enrolled. There were no differences in the overall number of symptoms or in the total DSI symptom-severity score. Median scores on the PHQ-9 were similar, as was the proportion of @entity1 with PHQ-9 scores >9. SF-36 Physical Component Summary scores were comparable, as were SF-36 Mental Component Summary scores. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of symptoms, prevalence of @entity308 , and low quality of life are comparable in @entity1 with @entity454 and advanced @entity740 . Given the widely recognized impairments in these domains in @entity454 , findings of this study underscore the substantial decrements in the physical and psychologic well-being of @entity1 with @entity740 .

title: Symptom burden, XXXX , and quality of life in chronic and @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'advanced chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: By using this method @entity2263 - @entity69 , a protein variant can be identified. This variant is produced by @entity689 activity of the brain and up to now could only be found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the analysis of CSF, by applying immunofixation with an antiserum and @entity575 staining two bands, the @entity8652 - @entity69 and the @entity2263 -transferrinband can be demonstrated. When examining serum, nasal secretion, tears, saliva and or other body fluids, only one band, the @entity8652 -transferrinband can be seen. It is therefore possible to identify CSF accurately. First of all methods of taking samples are explained and required analysis briefly described. Two points were of particular interest to us: The sensitivity of the method and Tracing of possible disturbing effects. Following several, different series of tests we got these results: 1 microliter pure CSF (that corresponds to approx. 1/50 of a drop) and 100 microliter CSF (two drops) per 1 ml nasal secretion can be identified by this method. It is possible that disturbing effects may be caused by blood contamination or a high protein content. For this reason haemoglobin must eliminated by using chromatography. Furthermore it is necessary to reduce a protein content of more than 5 g/l with ammonsulfat precipitation. If care is taken in respect of these two points disturbing effects can be avoided. In clinical application the immunological CSF identification seems to have a very high level of sensitivity and, in comparison with other methods many advantages.

title: [Immunologic cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis using @entity2263 - XXXX principles and method].

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: The blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) permeability was studied by fluorophotometry in 17 healthy control subjects and in 27 eyes from 27 @entity1 with @entity1530 -positive @entity6990 ( @entity1530 AAU). Twenty of these @entity1 had an associated @entity5145 . BAB permeability was studied during the ocular inflammatory crisis and in the disease-free periods in the same @entity1 . Anterior chamber fluorophotometric scans were performed before and 30 minutes after the intravenous injection of 14 mg/kg of @entity941 . The diffusion coefficient (Kd) was obtained from the ratio between the @entity941 concentration in the anterior chamber and the NPBF. Data were analyzed using the Student's t test and analysis of variance. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was found between the Kd of active @entity1530 AAU (61.4 +/- 16.8 x 10(-4) @entity1009 ) and the Kd of inactive @entity1530 AAU (4.8 +/- 1.6 x 10(-4) @entity1009 ). No statistically significant differences were found between the Kd of inactive @entity1530 AAU and the Kd of the control subjects (4.3 +/- 1.0 x 10(-4) @entity1009 ). We also failed to detect significant differences between @entity1 with and without @entity5145 either during the acute attack or during the disease-free period. On the basis of these results we conclude that the permeability of the BAB remains intact in inactive @entity1530 27-positive AAU. The parallel fluorophotometric behaviour of @entity1530 -positive AAU with @entity5145 and without @entity5145 suggests that both share a common pathogenetic mechanism.

title: Blood-aqueous barrier permeability determination in HLA B27-positive XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6990 :: ('MESH:D014606', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

answer: @entity6990 :: (MESH:D014606,Disease) :: ['acute anterior uveitis']


abstract: The authors evaluated antilymphocyte serum prepared in @entity95 (ALS-R) as an alternative to antilymphocyte serum prepared in @entity1641 (ALG-H) in the therapy of @entity2150 . Between 1980 and 1993, 57 evaluable @entity1 received ALS-R and @entity229 +/- @entity205 +/- @entity3800 . Standard response criteria were used and @entity1 were evaluated at 3 months from the start of therapy. Median age was 43 years. Disease was present for up to 2 months in 24 @entity1 , 2-5 months in 14 @entity1 , and 6 months or more in 19 @entity1 . Disease was severe in 30 @entity1 and moderate in 27. Responses occurred in 16 (28%) of 57 @entity1 . Responses were more frequent in females, in @entity1 treated within 6 months of diagnosis, and in @entity1 with severe disease. Among @entity1 receiving ALS-R and @entity205 within 2 months of diagnosis, 46% responded. After ALS-R therapy, 20 @entity1 received ALG-H; 8 (40%) of 20 responded. Eight @entity1 receiving ALS-R previously had received ALG-H; 2 (25%) of these 8 @entity1 responded. @entity137 of ALS-R was minimal. Antilymphocyte serum prepared in @entity95 , in conjunction with other immunosuppressive agents, represents an effective alternative to ALG-H in @entity2150 , especially in @entity1 previously treated with ALG-H.

title: Treatment of XXXX with an investigational antilymphocyte serum prepared in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: Although @entity101 is a frequent complication of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) therapy in clinical practice, little experimental information is available on the nature and the mechanism of this form of @entity101 . We studied the effect of currently recommended therapeutic dosages of @entity870 , i.e., 5 (CSA5) and 20 (CSA20) mg.kg-1.day-1, on blood pressure and the @entity3449 - @entity1369 system (RAS) in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Influence of in vivo @entity870 treatment on in vitro @entity1808 ( @entity1808 )-stimulated @entity1369 secretion by isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells (AGC) was also measured. @entity870 treatment in SHR resulted in a consistent increase in systolic blood pressure. This increase in blood pressure occurred in the absence of significant changes in @entity1011 clearance in CSA5 @entity35 , whereas in CSA20 @entity35 a significant reduction in @entity1011 clearance was observed. Sodium balance and serum @entity460 and @entity1760 concentrations were not different between the control group and either of the two @entity870 -treated groups of @entity35 . Plasma @entity3449 concentration (PRC) and inactive @entity3449 (IR) were markedly elevated, but plasma @entity3449 substrate remained unchanged with @entity870 administration. Despite the presence of hyperreninemia, plasma @entity1369 was not elevated, suggesting that @entity870 may induce relative adrenal resistance to @entity1808 . This possibility was tested using AGC isolated from @entity870 -treated @entity35 . @entity1808 -stimulated @entity1369 secretion in AGC was diminished by low dose and aborted by high dose @entity870 -treatment. Thus @entity870 administration in SHR induces a predictable increase in blood pressure in association with " @entity6736 ."

title: Effect of @entity205 on blood pressure and @entity3449 - @entity1369 axis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6736 :: ('MESH:C537806', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity141 sequestration and release from disks of rod outer segments may play a critical role in visual transduction. An @entity855 -dependent @entity141 uptake activity has been identified in association with purified disks of @entity291 rod outer segments. A crude preparation of osmotically active disks was obtained from rod outer segments by @entity1457 and subsequent flotation on a 5% Ficoll 400 solution. These "crude" disks were further purified by separation into two distinct components by centrifugation in a linear Ficoll gradient. Disks comprised the major component; at least 60% of the protein was @entity6988 . This fraction also contained a @entity141 uptake activity stimulated approximately 4-fold by @entity855 . The initial rate was approximately 0.21 nmol of @entity141 (mg of protein)-1 min-1. Most of the @entity855 -dependent accumulation of 45Ca2+ was released by the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 . The uptake activity was sensitive to @entity8870 (Ki approximately 20 microM) and insensitive to the mitochondrial @entity141 uptake inhibitor @entity3739 red (10 microM). The @entity855 -dependent @entity141 uptake exhibited Michaelis-Menten activation kinetics with respect to [ @entity141 ] (Km approximately 6 microM). The osmotic properties of the sealed disk membranes were exploited to determine whether the association of @entity141 transport activity with the disks was merely coincidental. The sedimentation properties of these disks, upon centrifugation on a second Ficoll linear density gradient, varied with the osmolarity of the gradient solution. In several separate gradient solutions of differing osmotic and ionic strengths, the @entity141 uptake activity always comigrated with the disks. These results indicate that the @entity855 -dependent @entity141 uptake activity was physically associated with sealed native disk membranes. The characteristics of the @entity141 uptake activity suggest that it may play a major role in the regulation of cytosolic @entity141 levels in rod cells in vivo.

title: @entity855 -dependent @entity460 uptake activity associated with a disk membrane fraction isolated from XXXX retinal rod outer segments.

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadate']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypoosmotic shock']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']