abstract: BACKGROUND: It is not known how many @entity1 with @entity302 may not need treatment with @entity734 ( @entity734 ), how many respond unsatisfactorily to subsequent treatment regimens, and how many achieve "acceptable control" despite lack of remission. METHODS: In a prospective multicenter hospital-based study, 494 @entity1 with a broad range of @entity410 types and types of @entity302 were followed up for at least 2 years. There was no standard treatment protocol. We describe the treatment strategies applied to these @entity1 by the neurologists in charge and outcome with respect to remission from @entity410 . RESULTS: Treatment was initially withheld in 29% of the @entity1 , and after 2 years 17% still had not received any @entity734 . There were no serious complications caused by withholding treatment. Of the @entity1 treated with @entity734 , 60% were still using the first AED after 2 years; 80% received monotherapy and 20%, polytherapy. @entity1 with severe symptomatic @entity302 , such as the West or @entity5761 , received polytherapy early on in the course of treatment. When 3 regimens had failed, the chance of achieving a remission of more than 1 year with subsequent regimens was 10%. Nevertheless, 15 of 50 @entity1 receiving @entity734 in whom the "longest remission ever" was less than 6 months did achieve acceptable @entity410 control according to the neurologist in charge of treatment. Hence, of 494 @entity1 , only 35 (7%) developed an intractable form of @entity302 , defined as failure to bring @entity410 under acceptable control. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial percentage of @entity1 with new-onset @entity302 did not need treatment with @entity734 . Chances of achieving a good outcome declined with subsequent treatment regimens. Not all @entity1 with recurrent @entity410 were suffering from intractable @entity302 ; some had achieved acceptable control of @entity410 .

title: XXXX in childhood: an audit of clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: Elevated (700 micromol mol-1) and ambient (350 micromol mol-1) @entity515 effects on total @entity9578 carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity, photosynthesis (A), and photoinhibition during 6 d at low temperature were measured on @entity164 ( @entity164 ), and rbcS antisense DNA mutants (T3) of @entity286 ( @entity286 .) with 60% of @entity164 total Rubisco activity. Prior to the low temperature treatment, A and quantum yield of PSII photochemistry in the light adapted state (phiPSII) were significantly lower in T3 compared to @entity164 at each @entity515 level. At this time, total nonphotochemical quenching (NPQTotal) levels were near maximal (0.75-0.85) in T3 compared to @entity164 (0.39-0.50). A was stimulated by 107% in T3 and 25% in @entity164 at elevated compared to ambient @entity515 . Pre-treatment acclimation to elevated @entity515 occurred in @entity164 resulting in lower Rubisco activity per unit leaf area and reduced stimulation of A. At low temperature, A of @entity164 was similar at elevated and ambient @entity515 while stimulation of A by elevated @entity515 in T3 was reduced. In addition, at low temperature we measured significantly lower photochemical quenching at elevated @entity515 compared to ambient @entity515 in both genotypes. NPQTotal was similar (0.80-0.85) among all treatments. However, a larger proportion of NPQTotal was composed of qI,d, the damage subcomponent of the more slowly relaxing NPQ component, qI, in both genotypes at elevated compared to ambient @entity515 . Greater qI,d, at elevated @entity515 during and after the low temperature treatment was not related to pre-treatment differences in total Rubisco activity.

title: Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on gas exchange and photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching at low temperature in XXXX plants varying in Rubisco activity.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum L', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity9578 :: ('MESH:C001933', 'Chemical') :: ['ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity205 is a fifth-tier treatment option in the American Urological Association guidelines for @entity2335 / @entity2336 syndrome. It was more effective than @entity11286 in a Finnish trial, but experience elsewhere is limited. Some centers use @entity205 off label for carefully selected @entity1 but the number of @entity1 in each center is small. We performed a retrospective review combining data from 3 tertiary centers that focus on @entity2335 / @entity2336 syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Charts were reviewed for @entity1 with @entity2335 / @entity2336 syndrome who received @entity205 . Response was defined as markedly improved on the 7-point global response assessment (2 centers) or as at least a 50% decrease in @entity2335 Symptom Index score (1 center). RESULTS: The study included 14 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 . Mean @entity1 age was 55.5 years (range 27 to 75) and mean followup was 20.8 months (range 3 to 81). A total of 34 @entity1 had @entity75 . Of these @entity1 29 (85%) responded but 6 eventually stopped @entity205 for adverse events, resulting in a success rate of 68% (23 of 34) for @entity1 with @entity75 . In contrast, only 3 of 10 @entity1 without @entity75 responded (30%). For all responders, the response occurred within 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity205 had a high success rate for @entity1 with @entity75 in whom more conservative options, including endoscopic treatment, had failed. The success rate was low for @entity1 without @entity75 . A 3 to 4-month trial is sufficient time to assess response. Adverse events were common and led to discontinuation of @entity205 for some @entity1 . Close monitoring is needed, especially for blood pressure and renal function.

title: @entity205 for refractory @entity2335 / XXXX syndrome: experience of 3 tertiary centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Hunner lesions']

entities_list: @entity11286 :: ('MESH:D010426', 'Chemical') :: ['pentosanpolysulfate']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['bladder pain']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial Cystitis', 'interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2336 :: (MESH:D018856,Disease) :: ['bladder pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the psychosocial burden on spouses living with the elderly suffering from mild @entity303 , @entity64 and @entity191 , and to identify @entity1 characteristics associated with it. Materials and methods Data on @entity1 -spouse couples came from three studies of @entity1 with @entity64 (36 couples), mild @entity303 (92 couples) and @entity191 (58 couples). The psychosocial burden was recorded by the 15-item Relatives' Stress Scale (RSS). A factor analysis of this instrument produced a one-factor solution (CFI = 0.98) consisting of eight items with good face validity and acceptable reliability within each diagnostic group (Cronbach's alpha range 0.66-0.69). Covariates of this factor were identified using @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) by regression on @entity1 's age, gender, cognitive function (MMSE), activities of daily living (ADL) and @entity308 (MADRS). RESULTS: Disorganization of household routines, difficulties with going away for holidays, restrictions on social life, and the disturbances of sleep were the most frequently reported problems in all three groups. According to the mean sumscore on the RSS, the perceived psychosocial burden was similar across the diagnostic groups. In the final @entity2383 model, a lower cognitive function of the @entity1 was associated with a higher psychosocial burden on the spouses of @entity1 with @entity64 (beta = -1.3, p = 0.01) and @entity191 (beta = -0.89, p < 0.01), while in the @entity303 group, only an insignificant trend was demonstrated. In the @entity303 group, a significantly higher burden was identified on female spouses (beta = -0.56, p = 0.04). A heavier burden of care was also associated with @entity308 in the @entity1 with @entity191 . In neither group did the final model disclose any effect of ADL function on the spouse's psychosocial burden. CONCLUSION: Spouses caring for @entity1 with @entity303 , @entity64 and @entity191 perceive a similar type and level of psychosocial burden, independent of the disease. The cognitive functioning of the @entity1 is a particularly important factor in this, especially when caring for @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity191 .

title: The psychosocial burden on spouses of the elderly with @entity64 , XXXX and @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural equation modeling', 'SEM']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: High treatment costs force the discontinuation of @entity205 (CSA) in a vast majority of renal transplant recipients in India. The impact of CSA withdrawal among 108 living related renal transplant recipients 12.54 +/- 4.2 months after transplantation was studied retrospectively. In 83 @entity1 , CSA was withdrawn over a 12-week period (group I). Azathioprine dosage was increased to 2 to 2.5 mg/kg/d, and @entity617 , to 30 mg/d 2 weeks and 1 week before starting CSA withdrawal, respectively. In the other 25 @entity1 , CSA had to be withdrawn faster (mean, 28.52 +/- 14.18 days; group II). Twenty-nine rejection episodes (26.9%) were noted in 22 @entity1 (20.4%; 19% in group I and 52% in group II; P: = 0.008). Fifteen group-I @entity1 (18%) and 11 group-II @entity1 (44%) died or lost their grafts (P: = 0.017). There was no difference in age, donor source, HLA matches, pretransplantation cross-match positivity, delayed graft function, immunosuppressive drug doses, rejection episodes, or prewithdrawal serum @entity1011 levels between the @entity1 who did or did not develop acute rejection after CSA withdrawal. On follow-up, 10 @entity1 (50%) died or returned to dialysis among the rejection group compared with 16 @entity1 (18%) in the nonrejection group (P: = 0.007). The mean @entity1011 level at last follow-up was greater in the rejection group (3.97 +/- 2.54 versus 1.65 +/- 1.1 mg/dL; P: < 0.001). CSA withdrawal because of economic constraints carries a significant risk for acute rejection and death and/or graft loss in Indian living donor renal transplant recipients, even after 12 months.

title: Impact of XXXX withdrawal on living related renal transplants: a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: IL-12 is a cytokine that stimulates the expression of @entity5735 , a T cell- and raft-associated ectopeptidase. IL-12 also enhances the interaction between @entity5735 and CD45RO, which removes the phosphatase @entity1195 RO from raft microdomains. Since Janus kinases are known @entity1195 substrates, our hypothesis was that this relocation of @entity1195 RO in nonraft areas of the membrane could be important to switch off the signaling via cytokine receptors, e.g., the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R). Accordingly, both IL-12R and CD45RO should be equally positioned in the cell membrane upon IL-12R ligation. However, there were no data available on the membrane distribution of IL-12R on @entity1 T cells. Working with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) lymphoblasts, we tried to fill that gap. The high-affinity IL-12R is made of two chains: @entity24925 and IL-12Rbeta2. Using flow cytometry, Western blot and confocal microscopy, we obtained data suggesting that @entity24925 is mainly associated to phospholipid-rich membrane areas, a location even enhanced upon IL-12 incubation of PHA blasts. Instead, IL-12Rbeta2 is found more segregated into membrane rafts, which could explain why two IL-12-triggered events, T-cell proliferation and @entity1366 activation, are both @entity29170 -sensitive events. Ligation of IL-12R with IL-12 seems to induce a partial enrichment of IL-12Rbeta2 in phospholipid-rich areas, where according to our data @entity24925 is already present. Therefore, although new data will be required, the present results support the initial hypothesis.

title: Differential distribution of both @entity24925 chains in the plasma membrane of XXXX T cells.

entities_list: @entity29170 :: ('MESH:C108732', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-beta-cyclodextrin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity4611 ( @entity977 ) is a rare lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary gland that usually occurs during pregnancy. Because of its rarity, it has seldom been diagnosed preoperatively, and no trials of therapeutic treatment have been reported to date. We describe a 29-year-old @entity1 with a pituitary mass and @entity227 during pregnancy. The @entity1 's pituitary profile revealed an @entity1374 and relatively low prolactin for her stage of pregnancy. This finding suggested @entity977 , and the @entity1 was given a trial course of @entity619 . The progression of the @entity227 , however, indicated that the @entity230 , both in dosage and duration, were not effective. Thus, the @entity1 underwent a partial hypophysectomy for decompression. The pathology report confirmed @entity977 , and @entity230 were continued for the remainder of the pregnancy, with slow resolution of the @entity227 to normal. This report is the first case of @entity977 where the diagnosis was suspected preoperatively, and a trial course of @entity230 was given. The @entity230 at the dosage and duration used were not effective. Further evaluation of the use of @entity230 in this disease is warranted.

title: Preoperative diagnosis of @entity4611 ( XXXX ) unresponsive to short course @entity619 : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-field defects']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphocytic hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['adenohypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal thyroid axis']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['adenohypophysitis']


abstract: The present study deals with the approach of 78 general practitioners (GPs) in south-eastern Slovenia (mainly in Dolenjska region with population of 234,000) to @entity1 with symptoms of @entity9257 in the period 1990-95. Only 2 of the GPs (2.6%) examined the larynx of such @entity1 with a laryngeal mirror, while the remainder failed to perform a larynx examination. None of the GPs had a rigid 90 degrees telescope. General practitioners usually treated their @entity1 with laryngeal complaints by antibiotic therapy, and in some cases also by inhalations. @entity1 with persistent laryngeal symptoms were referred to an otorhinolaryngologist. We have also established who (the @entity1 , GP, otorhinolaryngologist) and to what extent was responsible for the delay at diagnosis of @entity5 , and determined how many months had lapsed from initial symptoms to the first check-up with a GP. Our analysis has shown that in 23 @entity1 (20%) @entity5 was detected in an advanced stage due to a prolonged and incorrect treatment administered by a GP. @entity1 with @entity5 of the glottis delayed their visit to their GP for 2 months on average, while in those with @entity5 and subglottis this delay was 6 months. In @entity189 , the average delay from the onset of first symptoms to diagnosis was 3 months, while in the case of @entity189 and subglottis this delay was even longer than 7 months. The @entity1 with @entity189 and subglottis were given 2 months of antibiotic treatment by a GP without having the diagnosis established. We believe that the GP could contribute significantly towards earlier diagnosis of hyperplastic changes of the laryngeal mucosa, which can lead to @entity5 transformation, as well as to @entity5 detection at an early stage. This could be achieved in the following ways: GPs should examine the @entity1 ' larynx by indirect laryngoscopy. In the case where they are not adequately qualified or equipped to perform the examination, they should refer them to an otorhinolaryngologist in due time. A much greater proportion of @entity1 with symptoms of @entity9257 would have appeared for the examination sooner, had the general population been offered regular and sufficient health education by GPs.

title: The role of general practitioner in the detection of epithelial hyperplastic lesions and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the glottis', 'carcinoma of the supraglottis']

entities_list: @entity9257 :: ('MESH:D007818', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancer of the supraglottis', 'cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the larynx']


abstract: @entity19 carrying an immunoglobulin enhancer ( @entity6498 -) linked c- or @entity10674 transgene develop fatal monoclonal or oligoclonal pre-B or @entity1892 . This indicates that, beside the @entity6498 -activated myc gene, additional genetic changes are required for @entity5 development. To trace these additional changes, we carried out a genome-wide search for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ). This was done at 53 microsatellite markers in a panel of 34 @entity706 and four plasmacytomas from c- or @entity10674 transgene carrying (BALB/c x Mus spretus)F1 hybrids. An additional 43 @entity706 from non-transgenic F1 @entity19 were also investigated. Losses of one or more spretus-derived chromosome 9 markers were detected in 19 of 23 (83%) of the @entity706 , but in none of the four plasmacytomas that developed in @entity10674 F1 @entity19 . No LOH-9 was found in any of the 11 @entity706 from @entity6498 -c-myc F1 @entity19 and only in 1 of 46 (2%) @entity5 derived from non-transgenic (BALB/c x spretus)F1 hybrid controls. These results suggest that a gene on spretus chromosome 9 confers resistance to the development of @entity10674 but not c-myc-induced @entity706 . @entity74 of chromosome 15 markers ( @entity74 -15) was detected in 57 of 77 (74%) @entity706 and in 5 of 7 (72%) plasmacytomas, independently of the transgenic status and the mode of induction. All of the @entity706 with @entity74 -15 revealed a relative gain of the spretus-derived D15Mit6 allele (located at 13.7 cM from the centromere), together with a gain of the BALB/c allele of the more distal (29.6 cM) D15Mit64 marker, suggesting somatic recombination. LOH in the region close to c-myc was detected in a proportion of @entity5 with @entity74 -15. The observation of complex genetic alterations includes somatic recombination, @entity74 and LOH involving chromosome 15 in @entity5 induced by a myc transgene. This indicates that at least two genes in addition to c-myc on this chromosome can be involved in @entity706 development.

title: Allele-specific loss or imbalance of chromosomes 9, 15, and 16 in @entity1892 from interspecific F1 hybrid @entity19 carrying XXXX -c-myc or @entity10674 transgenes.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas and three plasmacytomas', 'lymphomas and plasmacytomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalance', 'AI']

answer: @entity6498 :: (8790,Species) :: ['Emu']


abstract: Plasma @entity1420 concentrations were estimated for 381 nulliparous dairy heifers from eight farms on days 4-6 after insemination. Heifers were synchronised using two treatments of @entity22667 (PGF2a) 11 days apart. Alternate heifers were treated with 1500 IU @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin ( @entity3566 ) at the time of sampling, and the pregnancy status assessed ~35 days after insemination. Heifers with no @entity42 ( @entity42 ; n-30) at the second PGF2a had lower @entity1420 concentrations (P<0.001) and pregnancy rates (PR; P=0.001) compared with heifers with @entity42 (n=351, defined as cyclic). The risk of no @entity42 increased in heifers <15 months of age (OR=7.5, P<0.001) and with body condition score <2.5 (OR=4.5, P=0.001). Those with no @entity42 were removed from further analysis. The 20 per cent cyclic control heifers with @entity1420 concentrations  <=2 ng/ml on days 4-6 had lower PRs compared with those with higher concentrations (42 per cent vs 64 per cent, OR=0.3, P=0.01). There was no overall effect of @entity3566 on PR compared with controls (51 per cent vs 60 per cent, P=0.10). However, heifers with high @entity1420 on days 4-6 (>2 ng/ml) had a lower PR after treatment (51 per cent vs 64 per cent, OR=0.6, P=0.02). Heifers inseminated with sexed (n=18) compared with conventional (n=333) semen had a decreased PR (33 per cent vs 57 per cent, OR=0.2, P=0.01). This study demonstrates that higher plasma @entity1420 concentrations as early as days 4-6 after insemination have a positive effect on first insemination PR, but there was no beneficial effect of @entity3566 treatment on these days in dairy heifers.

title: Identification of inadequate maternal @entity1420 concentrations in nulliparous dairy heifers and treatment with XXXX chorionic gonadotrophin.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity22667 :: ('CHEBI:15553', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2a']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['corpus luteum', 'CL']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity632 is a new anticancer antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity against solid @entity5 . The results obtained with this agent in 159 @entity1 with histologically confirmed advanced metastastic @entity5 are reported. Encouraging results were obtained in @entity1 with @entity242 of bone and soft tissue (12/22). Response was also seen in @entity2615 (3/9) and @entity2 (5/15). A variety of other @entity5 was also treated and results obtained in @entity521 , @entity5 , @entity189 , @entity0 and @entity3969 are reported. Treatment is discussed, with reference to response rates and @entity137 . Results in 72 @entity1 with @entity0 , who received @entity632 in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, are presented. Seventeen @entity1 with @entity96 were also treated with @entity632 . To date, this is the only chemotherapeutic agent that appears to significantly improve survival times in @entity1 with this resistant form of @entity5 . The prophylactic use of @entity632 against @entity421 is also discussed.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['primary liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumours', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['stomach carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['nephroblastoma']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Adriamycin']


abstract: The @entity3392 muscle segment homeobox genes @entity52791 , @entity52792 and @entity52793 are expressed in partially overlapping domains in the neural crest and preplacodal ectoderm. We examined the roles of these msx genes in early development. Disrupting individual msx genes causes modest variable defects, whereas disrupting all three produces a reproducible severe phenotype, suggesting functional redundancy. Neural crest differentiation is blocked at an early stage. Preplacodal development begins normally, but placodes arising from the msx expression domain later show elevated apoptosis and are reduced in size. Cell proliferation is normal in these tissues. Unexpectedly, @entity942 embryos become ventralized by late gastrulation whereas misexpression of @entity52791 dorsalizes the embryo. These effects appear to involve @entity9321 (Dlx) protein activity, as loss of @entity19252 and @entity52794 suppresses ventralization in Msx-depleted embryos. At the same time, Msx-depletion restores normal preplacodal gene expression to @entity19252 - @entity52794 mutants. These data suggest that mutual antagonism between Msx and Dlx proteins achieves a balance of function required for normal preplacodal differentiation and placement of the @entity1274 .

title: @entity3392 XXXX , @entity52792 and @entity52793 function together to refine the @entity1274 and regulate cranial placodes and neural crest development.

entities_list: @entity9321 :: ('MESH:D049310', 'Disease') :: ['Distal-less']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural-nonneural border']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['Msx-deficient']

answer: @entity52791 :: (30511(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['msxB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6087 is not uncommon in Africa. Early diagnosis and treatment is satisfying. Simpler operative procedures are generally effective. This review is meant to find out the situation regarding the condition in Ghana. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity6087 admitted to and treated by the Neurosurgical Unit of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital between January 1995 and December 1998 was undertaken. The case notes, computerise axial tomography (CT) scans and operative records were reviewed and the relevant data extracted. Incomplete records were excluded. RESULTS: 96 @entity1 were involved. The mean age of the @entity1 was 46.9 years, with male to female ratio of 16:1. The most common presenting feature was @entity10 (64.7%). Time of injury to presentation was about 2 months. 81 were treated using burr hole and drainage and 15 by craniotomy and stripping of membranes. Eighty four were treated under general anaesthesia. Two were reoperated on because of recurrent bleed. There were two (2) deaths. Ninety @entity1 had a Glasgow Outcome Score of good at the time of their last review. CONCLUSION: The data suggests that burr hole and closed drainage is a very effective method of managing @entity16841 .

title: XXXX : review of 96 cases attending the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra.

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic subdural haematoma', 'chronic subdural haematoma']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['Chronic subdural haematoma']


abstract: The role of autoimmunity in the development of @entity4614 is obscure. There are a limited number of studies investigating the immunological alterations accompanying @entity4614 . Our objective was to evaluate lymphocyte subsets in these @entity1 . We conducted a cross-sectional clinical study. Cytofluorometry was used for the immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes from @entity1 with @entity4614 followed up in the endocrine clinic during 2005-2009. Fifteen consecutive @entity1 (mean age 61.6      11.3, range 34-75  years) and 25 healthy controls (mean age 56.7      10.6, range 34-80  years) were included. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of mean age. The percentages of @entity1075 (+), @entity4071 (+)/56(+), @entity405 (+)28(-), y  TCR(+), @entity405 (+); the total lymphocyte counts; and the ratio of @entity405 (+)28(-)/ @entity405 (+)28(+) were similar (p  >  0.05) between @entity1 and controls. Whereas the leucocyte counts (p  =  0.003), the percentage of CD3 (+) DR (+) (p  <  0.001), @entity405 (+)28(+) (p  =  0.030), @entity404 (+) @entity2902 (+) (p  =  0.007), the ratio of CD3 (+) DR(+)/CD3 (p  <  0.001) were higher; the percentage of CD3 (p  =  0.020), @entity404 (p  <  0.001) and the ratio of @entity404 / @entity405 (p  =  0.006) were lower in @entity1 with @entity4614 compared to healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between the duration of illness and the percentage of CD3(+)DR(+) (r  =  0.53, p  =  0.03) expression. Some peripheral lymphocyte cell subsets show marked variation in @entity1 with @entity4614 in comparison to matched healthy subjects, which may have implications for altered immune regulation in these @entity1 . High CD3 (+) DR (+) expression that correlates with the duration of illness in Sheehan's @entity1 is suggestive of an ongoing @entity32 accompanying the slow progression of @entity4611 in @entity4614 . It is not clear if these cellular alterations contribute to the cause or consequence of @entity4611 in @entity4614 .

title: Lymphocyte subpopulations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction', 'pituitary deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ["Sheehan's Syndrome", "Sheehan's syndrome"]

answer: @entity4614 :: (MESH:D007018,Disease) :: ['Sheehan's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parenchyma-preserving resection for the treatment of @entity788 (NETs) has been tried, and preoperative prediction of benign @entity788 is important. Recently, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of abdomen magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to characterize benign and @entity5 and DWI might be helpful in prediction of benign pancreatic NETs. PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of @entity18497 -enhanced MRI and DWI in predicting benign pancreatic NETs for determination of parenchyma-preserving resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our ethics committee approved this study with a waiver of informed consent given its retrospective design. We searched radiology and pathology databases from November 2010 to July 2012 to identify @entity1 who underwent surgery for pancreatic NETs (<4   cm). Twenty @entity1 in the benign group and 14 @entity1 in the non-benign group were included in this study. Two radiologists analyzed the morphologic features, signal intensity on MR images including DWI (b   =   800), and dynamic enhancement pattern of the @entity5 with consensus. The @entity5 -to-parenchyma ratio and @entity5 apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were quantitatively assessed. RESULTS: The benign pancreatic NETs were more often round (7/20, 35%) or ovoid (13/20, 65%) in shape and less hypovascular on the arterial phase (3/20, 15%) than were the non-benign pancreatic NETs (1/14, 7.1% and 5/14, 35.8%; 7/14, 50% respectively; P   <   0.05). Main @entity384 by @entity5 was demonstrated only in non-benign pancreatic NETs (4/14, 28.4%; P   =   0.021). ADC values and ratios were significantly different between benign pancreatic NETs (mean, 1.48       10(-3   )mm(2)/sec, 1.11        0.25, each) and non-benign pancreatic NETs (mean, 1.04       10(-3   )mm(2)/sec, 0.74        0.13, each) (P   <   0.01). Other qualitative and quantitative analyses between benign and non-benign pancreatic NETs were not significantly different (P   >   0.05). CONCLUSION: Abdominal MRI with DWI may be useful for differentiating benign pancreatic NETs from non-benign pancreatic NETs, which might be helpful for determination of parenchyma-preserving resection.

title: The value of @entity18497 -enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI for prediction of grading of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic NET', 'benign pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoxetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic duct dilatation']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity614 is a common form of @entity4048 and has been shown to lead to severe disability. Clinical rehabilitation approaches for @entity614 commonly include exercise and manual therapy interventions targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen, but evidence regarding their effectiveness is scarce. The primary objective of this randomised clinical trial is to compare, in terms of @entity158 and disability, a rehabilitation program targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen to a conventional rehabilitation program, for @entity1 presenting acute or subacute @entity614 . The hypothesis is that the rehabilitation program targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen will be significantly more effective in reducing @entity158 and disability than the conventional rehabilitation program. METHODS/DESIGN: This study is a double-blind ( @entity1 and evaluators blinded) randomised clinical trial that will allow the comparison of @entity1 with a @entity614 randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group will receive a 4-week rehabilitation program targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen, and the second group will receive a 4-week conventional rehabilitation program. Thirty-six subjects with @entity614 will be recruited from participating medical and physiotherapy clinics and will be evaluated at baseline, at the end of the 4-week program and four weeks following the end of the program. The primary outcome measure will be the validated Neck Disability Index questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures will include the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, a numerical @entity158 rating scale, cervicothoracic mobility and @entity1 ' perceived global rating of change. During the 4-week rehabilitation program, each @entity1 will take part in eight physiotherapy treatment sessions (2 session/week) and will perform a home exercise program. A mixed-model, 2-way ANOVA will be used to analyze the effects of the rehabilitation programs. DISCUSSION: Control trials are needed to define ideal intervention approaches in rehabilitation for this population. This randomised clinical trial will be the first study that directly compares a rehabilitation program targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen to a conventional rehabilitation program for @entity1 with @entity614 . The results of this study may help to establish best clinical practice guidelines for this @entity1 population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01500044.

title: XXXX : study protocol of a randomised clinical trial evaluating the effect of mobilisations and exercises targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen [NCT01500044].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical radiculopathy', 'cervical radiculopathies', 'cervical radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['Cervical radiculopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to define the factors that influence mortality rate and neurologic outcome after repair of the aortic arch and various portions of the thoracic aorta in @entity1 with profound @entity2332 and @entity1167 . METHODS: Between November 1986 and January 1996, 105 @entity1 were treated surgically for @entity2333 involving the transverse aortic arch. Profound hypothermic @entity1167 and selective brachiocephalic perfusion was used in all @entity1 . In 19 @entity1 retrograde cerebral perfusion was instituted during the period of @entity1167 . Independent predictors for 30-day mortality and permanent @entity51 were evaluated by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality for the entire group was 19% (20/105); 21.2% for urgent versus 15.4% for elective cases, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that age is the most important factor that significantly influences mortality rate (p < 0.0145) and neurologic outcome (p < 0.006). Variables such as @entity1167 time (p < 0.24), previous cardiac or aortic operations (p < 0.19), and sex (p < 0.55) failed to show any influence on mortality rate. @entity51 were diagnosed in 12.9% (11/85) of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of permanent @entity51 as well as the mortality rate are predominantly related to the age of the @entity1 . In this @entity1 group, statistical analysis failed to show a direct correlation between duration of circulatory interruption and neurologic outcome.

title: Surgical treatment of aortic arch aneurysms in profound XXXX and @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Permanent neurologic deficits', 'neurologic dysfunction', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Randomized trials have demonstrated that primary angioplasty is more effective than intravenous thrombolysis in reducing mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The aim of this study was to assess the in-hospital mortality of @entity1 with @entity583 admitted to the only tertiary care center in Kosovo, where coronary percutaneous intervention procedures are unavailable. We also assessed the impact of age and gender on in-hospital mortality. @entity1 AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity583 , admitted in our institution between 1999 and 2007, were included in this retrospective study. RESULTS: Of 2848 @entity1 (mean age 61+/-11.3 years, 73.4% males) admitted with @entity583 , 292 (10.25%) @entity1 died during in-hospital stay. The overall in-hospital mortality was 12.3% for @entity1 and 9.5% for @entity1 (P<.05). @entity1 were significantly older than @entity1 (64.2+/-11 years vs 59.7+/-11.8 years, P<.05). Mean length of stay was 12.0+/-94 for @entity1 and 10.7+/-7.6 for @entity1 . From 1999 to 2007 there was an increase in the age of @entity1 with @entity583 but the mortality rate remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to developed countries, @entity1 with @entity583 in Kosovo present at an earlier age but have a higher mortality rate. @entity1 with @entity583 had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate than @entity1 . The lack of percutaneous coronary intervention procedures in @entity583 @entity1 may have contributed to the high in-hospital mortality in our population.

title: In-hospital mortality following XXXX in Kosovo: a single center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: @entity20648 ( @entity20648 ) and leptin are important hormones with effects on energy balance. The present study assessed the biological effects of (pGlu-Gln)- @entity20648 -8 and [D-Leu-4]-OB3, smaller isoforms of @entity20648 and leptin, respectively. METHODS: The actions and overall therapeutic use of (pGlu-Gln)- @entity20648 -8 and [D-Leu-4]-OB3, alone and in combination, were evaluated in normal and high-fat-fed @entity19 . RESULTS: (pGlu-Gln)- @entity20648 -8 had prominent (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001), acute feeding-suppressive effects, which were significantly augmented (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) by [D-Leu-4]-OB3. In agreement, the acute dose-dependent @entity413 -lowering and insulinotropic actions of (pGlu-Gln)- @entity20648 -8 were significantly enhanced by concurrent administration of [D-Leu-4]-OB3. Twice daily injection of (pGlu-Gln)- @entity20648 -8 alone and in combination with [D-Leu-4]-OB3 in high-fat-fed @entity19 for 18 days decreased body weight (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), energy intake (p < 0.01), circulating @entity1674 (p < 0.01), non-fasting @entity413 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) and @entity1674 deposition in liver and adipose tissue (p < 0.001). All treatment regimens improved @entity413 tolerance (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) and insulin sensitivity (p < 0.001). Combined treatment with (pGlu-Gln)- @entity20648 -8 and [D-Leu-4]-OB3 resulted in significantly lowered plasma insulin levels, normalisation of circulating LDL- @entity165 and decreased @entity1674 deposition in muscle. These effects were superior to either treatment regimen alone. There were no changes in overall locomotor activity or respiratory exchange ratio, but treatment with (pGlu-Gln)- @entity20648 -8 significantly reduced (p < 0.001) energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These studies highlight the potential of (pGlu-Gln)- @entity20648 -8 alone and in combination with [D-Leu-4]-OB3 in the treatment of @entity28 and @entity6 .

title: Comparison of the metabolic effects of sustained CCK1 receptor activation alone and in combination with upregulated leptin signalling in high-fat-fed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pelvimetry for the diagnosis of @entity8893 . METHODS: All deliveries from January 1993 through December 1994 were reviewed to identify 42 nulliparas at term with vertex presentation and cesarean delivery due to @entity1266 . Complete data were available for 41 @entity1 , and subjects were divided into the following two subgroups, according to clinical data: " @entity8893 " (n = 28) and "failure to progress" (n = 13). Ten nulliparous @entity1 with uncomplicated vaginal delivery served as controls. Pelvimetry data from postpartum MRI were correlated with fetal and neonatal dimensions to evaluate various criteria for the diagnosis of @entity8893 . RESULTS: Comparing both the fetal head volume derived from antepartum ultrasound assessment and the neonatal head volume (postpartum measurement) with maternal pelvic capacity determined by MRI, @entity8893 (head volume exceeding pelvic capacity) indicated that 25 and 27, respectively, of the 28 @entity1 had been clinically diagnosed correctly with @entity8893 , corresponding to sensitivities of 89% and 96%, respectively. Fetal head volume was not larger than pelvic capacity in any of the @entity1 in the control group. In seven of the 13 @entity1 diagnosed as "failure to progress," the fetal head volume exceeded the pelvic capacity. CONCLUSION: A fetal head volume estimate exceeding MRI-measured pelvic capacity is a frequent finding in nulliparas with cesarean birth due to @entity8893 . An appropriate prospective study to determine the benefits of an antepartum diagnosis of @entity8893 in high-risk nulliparas is warranted.

title: Pelvimetry by magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool to evaluate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8893 :: ('MESH:D052178', 'Disease') :: ['cephalopelvic disproportion']

answer: @entity1266 :: (MESH:D004420,Disease) :: ['dystocia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Alosetron (Lotronex) is a new therapeutic agent for @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) in @entity1 with @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 . This multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the safety and tolerability of alosetron during long-term (< or = 12 months) treatment. METHODS: A total of 859 subjects (637 female and 222 male) with @entity1744 were enrolled from 130 sites in the United States and were randomized 3:1 to receive 1 mg alosetron or placebo b.i.d. for 48 wk; of the subjects, 649 (76%) were randomized to the alosetron group and 212 (24%) to the placebo group. Of the original group, 850 subjects received at least one dose of alosetron (n = 640) or placebo (n = 210). RESULTS: In all, 59% of the subjects completed the study. Safety data were similar in treatment groups and within age, sex, racial origin, and hormone use. Adverse events were reported by 83% (530/640) and 76% (159/210) of subjects in the alosetron and placebo groups, respectively, (p < 0.05) and were similar with the exception of @entity1142 ; 32% of subjects receiving @entity29940 reported @entity1142 , compared to 5% in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Most reports (72%) of @entity1142 were of mild or moderate severity, and 66% of subjects with @entity1142 had single episode of 8 days median duration. @entity1142 occurred a median of 13 days after initiating treatment and resolved spontaneously, with laxative, or after a brief interruption of therapy. Of the subjects, 4% (11/210) in the alosetron and 5% (28/ 640) in the placebo group experienced serious adverse events. Two deaths occurred in subjects with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors; neither @entity204 was attributed to the study drug. CONCLUSIONS: Alosetron 1 mg b.i.d. for 12 months was well tolerated. @entity1142 is the most frequent adverse event, with a higher incidence of transient @entity1142 in alosetron-treated @entity1 , typically occurring in the first month of treatment.

title: Tolerability and safety of alosetron during long-term administration in female and male @entity1744 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity29940 :: ('MESH:C090840', 'Chemical') :: ['alosetron']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['Constipation', 'constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Gleason grade and @entity5 stage are well established prognostic factors in @entity263 . Histological demonstration of @entity5 in lymphovascular spaces has been associated with poor prognosis in many @entity5 types but it is not included in current @entity263 grading and staging schemes. Whether @entity3 is an independent prognostic factor for disease progression in @entity263 is uncertain. We retrospectively investigated @entity3 as a predictive factor for biochemical failure and @entity5 specific survival following radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 504 @entity1 with @entity263 undergoing radical prostatectomy were reviewed for @entity3 . Clinical followup data were available on 459 cases. Mean followup was 44 months (range 1.5 to 144). Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox model. RESULTS: Lymphovascular invasion was identified in 106 cases (21%). Univariate analysis showed a significant association between @entity3 and higher preoperative serum @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ), advanced pathological stage, higher Gleason score, positive surgical margins, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node @entity3 and perineural invasion (each p <0.001). No association was observed between @entity3 and @entity1 age at surgery, prostate weight or high grade @entity5436 . Lymphovascular invasion was an independent predictor of @entity1486 recurrence (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.38, p = 0.01) and @entity5 specific survival (HR 2.75, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.28, p = 0.041) after controlling for @entity5 stage, surgical margins and Gleason grade on multivariate analysis. Five-year @entity5 specific survival was 90% in @entity1 with @entity3 compared to 98% in those without @entity3 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Lymphovascular invasion can be identified in approximately 20% of @entity263 cases. Lymphovascular invasion is an independent risk factor for @entity1486 recurrence and @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: Lymphovascular invasion is an independent prognostic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The class-3 semaphorins ( @entity22522 -F, @entity38790 3s) are initially identified to play an important role in axonal guidance and cell migration. Our previous studies showed that @entity38790 3s are also involved in the lymph node @entity3 of @entity263 , and are likely to modulate the behavior of @entity263 with a pro-tumoral or an anti-tumoral effect, depending on their subtypes. However, no study has critically investigated the value of @entity38790 3s expression in preoperative biopsy samples for the prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy. In this study, we evaluated @entity38790 3s expression by immunohistochemistry on 198 prostate biopsies with low- and intermediate-risk localized @entity263 . The median follow-up was 42 months (range, 6-60) for all @entity1 . Our results showed that @entity22522 (OR: 0.19, P<0.001), @entity38790 (OR: 0.38, P=0.003), @entity38793 (OR: 0.39, P=0.007), and @entity49738 (OR: 2.31, P=0.014) staining were independent predictors of BCR on multivariable analysis. @entity22522 , 3B, 3C and 3E expression demonstrated potential values in predicting BCR upon survival analysis (P=0.001, P=0.003, P=0.029, P=0.037, respectively, Log-rank test). Our findings suggested that @entity22522 immunostaining in prostate biopsies, as supplements to clinicopathological parameters, could be used for predicting BCR in low- and intermediate-risk @entity263 @entity1 after radical prostatectomy. Specially, concurrent @entity49738 -positive and @entity22522 -negative, 3B-negative, 3E-negative staining is associated with an adverse prognosis. Further prospective studies in larger @entity1 populations are needed to validate the current observations.

title: The predictive value of semaphorins 3 expression in biopsies for biochemical recurrence of XXXX with low- and intermediate-risk @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of parasympathomimetic @entity2134 and anticholinergic @entity33058 on salivation, pH value, and @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity3157 concentrations in saliva in @entity1 irradiated for @entity5 of the head and neck region. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-nine @entity1 were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group A consisted of @entity1 receiving @entity2134 , group B of those who were receiving @entity33058 during radiotherapy and @entity2134 for 6 weeks after its completion, and group C comprised @entity1 receiving neither of the mentioned drugs. The quantity of secreted unstimulated saliva, its pH value, as well as @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity3157 concentrations in saliva were measured before the beginning of radiotherapy, after 30 Gy of irradiation, at completed irradiation, and 3, 6, and 12 months after completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS: Saliva secretion was found to be the least affected in the group of @entity1 receiving @entity33058 throughout the course of radiotherapy. One year after completion of therapy, the quantity of secreted saliva could only be measured in the @entity1 receiving @entity33058 during radiotherapy; it amounted to 16% of the average initial quantity of saliva secreted before the beginning of irradiation. In all 3 groups of @entity1 , mean pH value decreased during radiotherapy and started to increase again after completion of irradiation. In group B the decrease in pH value after radiotherapy was statistically significantly smaller than that in group C (P =.01). During and after irradiation, @entity460 concentration was increased in all 3 groups of @entity1 . @entity1391 concentration decreased during radiotherapy in all 3 groups. In group B it started to increase again 3 months after completion of radiotherapy. @entity3157 concentration showed a slight increase during radiotherapy and started to decrease again after completion of irradiation. CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that the inhibition of saliva secretion during radiotherapy and its stimulation after completion of treatment can contribute not only to some preservation of the quantity of saliva but also to at least partial preservation of its quality in terms of pH value and @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity3157 concentrations.

title: The influence of @entity2134 and @entity33058 on pH value and XXXX , @entity1391 , and @entity3157 concentrations in saliva during and after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate', 'Bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate', 'Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity33058 :: ('MESH:D001712', 'Chemical') :: ['biperiden']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: A population-based case-control study of the association of diet and other factors and @entity259 was conducted between 1980 and 1987 on Oahu, Hawaii. Study @entity1 included 51 @entity1 and 140 @entity1 with @entity259 , and 113 male and 328 female controls matched on age (+/- 5 years) and sex. A significant, positive monotonic dose-response relation of weight in late adulthood (5 years prior to interview) and the risk for @entity259 was found for @entity1 and @entity1 . A greater than five-fold increase in the risk for @entity259 among @entity1 , and more than a two-fold increase in risk among @entity1 , was found for subjects in the highest compared with the lowest quartile of weight in late adulthood. Height was significantly related to the risk for @entity259 among @entity1 , but not @entity1 . Among @entity1 , there was a significant dose-response relation of weight in early adulthood (20-29 years of age) and the odds ratios (ORs) for @entity259 , although the trend was not significant after adjustment for height. Among @entity1 , there was also a positive relation of adult @entity1017 and @entity259 , with an OR of 2.6 associated with more than a 14% increase in weight. The effects of relative weight and @entity1017 on @entity259 risk were stronger in post-menopausal @entity1 than in premenopausal @entity1 . There was a significant positive interaction between fertility drug use and early adult weight and the risk for @entity259 in @entity1 . Odds ratios were also significantly elevated for @entity1 above the median weight in early adulthood who experienced a @entity2208 or @entity2209 at first pregnancy. In summary, these data show an association of weight, particularly in late adulthood, and the risk for @entity259 in @entity1 and @entity1 , and further suggest a positive interaction between weight in young adulthood and fertility drug use on thyroid @entity105 in @entity1 .

title: The association of body size, reproductive factors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the long-term effect of 4 antidiabetic treatment protocols on @entity2690 resistance evaluated by @entity6 @entity1 . Two hundred seventy-one @entity6 @entity1 with poor glycemic control and who were overweight were enrolled in this study. @entity1 were randomized and titrated to take @entity12098 , @entity2449 , @entity12098 + @entity2449 , or @entity16024 + @entity2449 for 15 months. They underwent a @entity1717 at baseline, after 3 months, and after 15 months. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements were assessed at baseline, after 3 months, and after 15 months. There was a decrease in glycated hemoglobin in all groups, but glycated hemoglobin value was lower in the group treated with @entity12098 + @entity2449 compared with the groups treated with @entity2449 alone and with @entity12098 alone. There was a decrease in fasting plasma @entity413 and postprandial plasma @entity413 values in all groups, but values obtained with @entity12098 + @entity2449 were lower compared with values in the groups treated with @entity2449 alone and with @entity12098 alone. Fasting plasma @entity2690 and postprandial plasma @entity2690 values were higher in the group treated with @entity16024 + @entity2449 compared with the other groups. After 15 months, @entity413 infusion rate and total @entity413 requirement values observed in the groups treated with @entity12098 alone and with @entity12098 + @entity2449 were higher compared with the values in the group treated with @entity2449 alone and with @entity16024 + @entity2449 ; furthermore, values obtained in the group treated with @entity12098 + @entity2449 were higher than the value obtained with @entity12098 alone. @entity12098 - @entity2449 -based therapeutic control is associated with the most quantitatively relevant improvement in @entity2690 resistance-related parameters, whereas the @entity4136 - @entity2449 -including protocol has less relevant effects.

title: Direct comparison among oral hypoglycemic agents and their association with XXXX resistance evaluated by @entity1717 : the 60's study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp in type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16024 :: ('MESH:C057619', 'Chemical') :: ['glimepiride']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the factors responsible for the adverse effects of guanidinated proteins on feed intake in @entity1573 . In Experiment 1, male broiler chicks were fed one of five purified diets containing casein or guanidinated casein (G-casein) as the sole source of protein (230 g crude protein/kg diet) from d 6 to 13 post-hatching. A casein-based diet containing 17.2 g @entity376 /kg, served as the control. In the experimental diets, casein was substituted by G-casein and @entity376 was added at 0, 5.6, 11.4 and 17.0 g/kg diet, respectively. Feed intake and weight gains of chicks fed the G-casein diet without added @entity376 were markedly depressed (P < 0.05), but this @entity308 was largely overcome by additional @entity376 . The intake and gains of chicks fed the G-casein diet plus 17.0 g @entity376 /kg were lower (P < 0.05) than those fed the G-casein diet plus 11.4 g @entity376 /kg and this was associated with a higher plasma @entity376 : @entity369 ratio. Tissue analysis showed that @entity25450 is distributed throughout body tissues following absorption. Brain @entity376 concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in chicks fed diets containing G-casein without added @entity376 , but increased (P < 0.05) with supplemental @entity376 . In Experiment 2, the effect of @entity25450 per se on feed intake was investigated in two short-term intake studies using 5-wk-old broiler @entity1573 . Significant (P < 0.05) @entity308 in feed intake were observed within the first hour after oral administration of 400 mg @entity25450 - @entity5828 . The results suggest that both @entity376 deficiency and @entity25450 per se were responsible for the adverse effects of guanidinated proteins on feed intake in @entity1573 .

title: @entity25450 influences voluntary feed intake, tissue basic amino acid concentrations and arginase activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressions']

entities_list: @entity25450 :: ('CHEBI:27747', 'Chemical') :: ['homoarginine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation relies on immunosuppression, which controls @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) and allows engraftment at the expense of diminished graft versus- @entity5 (GVT) activity. Advances in hematologic transplantation have prompted the development of effective, less-toxic regimens that attempt to balance GVH and GVT immunoreactions. We analyzed the safety and efficacy of haploidentical transplantation in a Phase I/II nonimmunosuppressive, nonmyeloablative setting. A total of 41 @entity1 with relapsed @entity5 received 100 cGy of @entity348 ( @entity348 ), along with an infusion of 1 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(8) CD3+ cells/kg; 29 @entity1 received the highest dose. A postinfusional cellular graft rejection syndrome resembling @entity751 was noted at the 2 highest CD3+ infusion cohorts. There were 26 @entity1 with @entity1583 with 14 responses, 9 of which were major. Two of 6 @entity1 with @entity706 at 76 months and 82 months, respectively; there were 5 durable complete responses and 4 partial responses in 13 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). All responses occurred outside of donor chimerism. @entity348 at 100 cGy followed by HLA-haploidentical immunotherapy is a biologically active therapy for @entity1 with refractory @entity3052 and @entity706 . Possible mechanisms contributing to its effectiveness include @entity5 kill, breaking of host tolerance to @entity5 through cross-reactive alloreactive responses, persistent nondetectable microchimerism, or some combination of these.

title: Nonengraftment haploidentical cellular immunotherapy for XXXX : @entity5 responses without chimerism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma remained free of disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'refractory cancer', 'initial GVT']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['engraftment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['refractory malignancies']


abstract: Hox genes are known to control the identity of serially repeated structures in arthropods and vertebrates. We analyzed the expression pattern of the Hox genes Deformed ( @entity54883 ), Sex combs reduced ( @entity54884 ), @entity54885 ( @entity54885 ), and Ultrabithorax/abdominal-A ( @entity45191 / @entity45190 ) from the @entity5157 @entity5157 . We also cloned a cDNA with the complete coding region of the @entity54885 gene from Apis. Comparison with @entity54885 proteins from other insect species revealed several regions of homology. The expression patterns of the isolated Hox genes from Apis showed that the original expression patterns of @entity54883 , @entity54884 , and @entity54885 appear between late blastoderm and early germ band stage in a temporal and spatial sequence. Each of them shows up as a belt, spanning approximately two segment anlagen, @entity54883 in the anterior gnathal region, @entity54884 in the posterior gnathal and anterior thoracic region, and @entity54885 in the thoracic region. Following expansion of the @entity54885 domain in the abdomen as a gradient towards the posterior, @entity45191 / @entity45190 expression appears laterally in the abdomen. During gastrulation and in the germ band stage the domains of strong expression do not overlap any more, but touch each other. After gastrulation the borders of the expression domains partly correlate with parasegment and partly with segment boundaries. Laterally, gaps between the domain of each gene may show no expression of any of the genes examined.

title: Hox genes in the XXXX @entity5157 .

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['honey bee', 'Apis mellifera']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['honey bee']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several studies over the last 20 years have confirmed the safety and efficacy of strictureplasty in the treatment of obstructive @entity30 . However, almost all of these studies use strictureplasty to treat @entity850 : limited resection being preferred to treat active disease strictures. One study dating from 1986 used strictureplasty to treat purely active disease strictures, with disappointing results. No other similar studies have been published. We investigate the complication and recrudescence rates together with the intervention-free intervals in @entity1 undergoing strictureplasty for active disease strictures. METHODS: A retrospective review of 14 @entity1 who underwent strictureplasty either in isolation or in combination with limited resection for active small bowel @entity30 between 1996 and 2004 was undertaken. RESULTS: A total of 73 strictureplasties were carried out. There was no operative mortality; however, one @entity1 subsequently died from metastatic small bowel @entity420 arising from existing @entity30 . One @entity1 subsequently developed complications directly attributed to strictureplasty and required further surgery. Three @entity1 developed @entity4557 and required further surgery in the form of either strictureplasty, limited resection or both. All @entity1 undergoing strictureplasty with resection and over 70% of @entity1 undergoing strictureplasty alone were intervention-free at 41 months. With extended follow-up, the same proportion of @entity1 would remain intervention-free at 70 months or longer. CONCLUSIONS: The use of strictureplasty in active disease strictures is well tolerated and has similar, if not better, recurrence and complication rates when compared with limited resection in @entity1 with similar disease profiles.

title: Strictureplasty for active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['recrudescent disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic strictures']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECT: The goal of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of @entity1503 (BB-MR) imaging for assessing plaque morphology and distribution in @entity1 with @entity731 carotid artery (CA) @entity850 . METHODS: Sixty-eight carotid arteries in 67 @entity1 who were scheduled to undergo CA endarterectomy or CA stent placement due to @entity731 were included in this study. The @entity1 had undergone CA BB-MR imaging and digital subtraction (DS) angiography within 3 weeks of revascularization. The DS angiography studies were performed using the transfemoral artery approach with selective common CA catheterization. The BB-MR images were acquired using a 1.5-T whole-body MR imaging unit, and T1-weighted images parallel to the long axis of the artery at 1-mm intervals were obtained. Plaque distribution was evaluated by measuring the distance between the CA bifurcation and the point that appeared to be the distal extent of the plaque on BB-MR imaging (D-MR imaging) and DS angiography images (D-DS angiography). RESULTS: Plaque distribution was clearly shown in 88.2% of the cases using long-axis BB-MR images, except for 8 arteries with poor image quality. In 4 arteries, D-DS angiography could not be obtained because the distal plaque end could not be confirmed. In 56 vessels, both the D-DS angiography and D-MR imaging could be measured; the mean D-MR imaging (19.75 +/- 6.85 mm [standard deviation]) was significantly longer than the average D-DS angiography (16.32 +/- 7.07 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Long-axis BB-MR imaging can provide a noninvasive and accurate way to show CA plaque distribution; it is of great use not only for @entity64 risk assessment in @entity1 with CA @entity731 but also for preoperative evaluation in @entity1 requiring CA endarterectomy or CA stent placement.

title: Evaluation of carotid artery XXXX plaque distribution by using long-axis high-resolution black-blood magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['long-axis black-blood MR']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis', 'atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: The aim of this study was to perform a 3-year follow-up of primary @entity1296 ( @entity1296 ) regarding health care use and treatment. Ninety-two @entity1 with @entity1296 underwent detailed vestibular neurophysiological testing and a Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition. Psychometric assessments comprised the Vertigo Symptom Scale, the Vertigo Handicap Questionnaire, the SCL-90-R, and the Short-Form-36 Health Survey. At the 3-year follow-up, 65 @entity1 with primary @entity1296 ( @entity148 , n = 29; @entity308 , n = 14; @entity2531 , n = 22) were reassessed (70.7% response). The @entity1 improved in symptom severity (p < 0.05), handicap (p < 0.01), and physical quality of life (QoL; p < 0.05) but showed no @entity147 . A total of 63.1% (of n = 65) had ongoing @entity1296 . A total of 69.2% (of n = 65) received different forms of treatments. A total of 46.1% (of n = 65) searched redundant medical diagnostic procedures. The @entity1 with decreased coping capacity over time obtained the best prognosis. Primary @entity1296 is an ineffectively treated disorder. Recommendations for specific complaint-oriented psychotherapy programs were given.

title: Persistence of symptoms in XXXX "lost" in health care?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['change in emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorders']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform vertigo and dizziness', 'SVD', 'dizziness']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['primary somatoform vertigo and dizziness: a disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of isokinetic strength testing of knee flexion and extension at 60 degrees per second, and @entity3681 and dorsiflexion at 30 degrees per second in adults with @entity64 . DESIGN: Test-retest using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). SETTING: @entity1 performance laboratory. SUBJECTS: Ten adults post @entity64 with a mean age of 64 years (five males) and 10 adults without @entity16 with a mean age of 69 years (three males) who served as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peak torque and average torque. RESULTS: The reliability of strength of the less-affected lower extremity was high with values ranging from 0.75 to 0.97. Knee extension, @entity3681 and the peak torque of dorsiflexion were reliable for the affected limb, ranging from 0.80 to 0.90. In contrast, affected knee flexion was not reliable with values of 0.48 and 0.44 for peak torque and average peak torque respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Isokinetic knee and ankle strength of the less-affected limb are reliable. Isokinetic strength of the affected lower extremity is also reliable with the noted exception of knee flexion.

title: Reliability of lower extremity isokinetic strength testing in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle plantar flexion']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A proprietary topical blend of @entity3785 and highly purified sandalwood oil from Australia was used in this open-label study in adolescents and adults with mild to moderate @entity5477 . METHODS: The investigational regimen consisted of a foaming cleanser, an @entity5477 serum, a spot treatment, and a mask. @entity1 applied the treatment regimen as directed for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was the percentage of @entity1 assessed as improved, much improved, or very much improved according to the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) ratings at week 8. Severity was rated using the Evaluator's Global Severity Scores (EGSS) at baseline and weeks 2, 4, and 8. Tolerability was assessed at baseline and weeks 2, 4, and 8 by asking @entity1 to rate the severity of itching, scaling, erythema, burning, dryness, and stinging. @entity1 were also asked to complete an @entity5477 questionnaire. RESULTS: 89.4% (42/47) met the primary end point determined by the GAIS of improved (66%), much improved (19%), or very much improved (4%). Notable reductions in lesion counts were observed in @entity1 with more severe or inflamed lesions. Tolerability was queried at all visits. No itching, scaling, or erythema was reported after initial application. Symptoms of intolerability peaked at week 2; however, most events were mild to moderate and were typically reported with use of the mask component. Intolerance decreased by week 4 and by week 8. The treatment regimen was well tolerated by @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study support the use of a proprietary investigational regimen in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity5477 and warrant further investigation to determine whether longer-term therapy (ie, beyond 8 weeks) results in enhanced efficacy with minimal side effects, leading to continued @entity1 compliance and skin improvement.

title: Single-center, open-label study of a proprietary topical 0.5% XXXX -based treatment regimen containing sandalwood oil in adolescents and adults with mild to moderate @entity5477 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne', 'facial acne']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

answer: @entity3785 :: (MESH:D020156,Chemical) :: ['salicylic acid']


abstract: The cutaneous microcirculation can be divided into thermoregulatory shunt vessels and nutritive skin capillaries. Flux in nonnutritional shunt vessels dominates the signal recorded by the laser Doppler flowmeter. Computerized videophotometric capillaroscopy is a sensitive method for assessing cutaneous nutritive microcirculation. Using @entity1 with @entity66 and @entity4288 as disease models, we evaluated the sensitivity and clinical usefulness of these relatively new techniques for peripheral @entity455 . In @entity66 , @entity1503 measured by the laser Doppler flowmeter in the affected toe was lower than that in the nonaffected toe. In symptom-free fingers, blood flow was not significantly different between @entity66 and @entity4288 . However, blood flow in both diseases was lower than that of the control group. @entity1 who had the same status of thermoregulatory flow and eyeground arteriosclerotic classification underwent a 1-min arterial occlusion of the digits. The postocclusive reactive @entity450 response (PRH) of nailfold capillary loops was evaluated. All parameters for PRH for the cutaneous nutrient microcirculation including resting capillary blood cell velocity (rCBV), peak capillary blood cell velocity (pCBV) and time to pCBV were more significantly disturbed in the @entity66 group than in the arteriosclerotic group. On the basis of the results of this study, dynamic capillaroscopy provides a new approach for the early detection of circulatory disturbances resulting from different mechanisms. Copyright 1995 S. Karger AG, Basel

title: Study of Dynamic Microcirculatory Problems in 'Blackfoot Disease' - Emphasizing Its Differences from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['blackfoot disease']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood flux']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity4288 :: (MESH:D001161,Disease) :: ['Arteriosclerosis']


abstract: The blood-nourishing and hard-softening (BNHS) capsule is a traditional Chinese formula used in the symptomatic treatment of @entity32 and @entity158 . We conducted this randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of BNHS with other commonly prescribed drugs. We recruited 120 @entity1 from two teaching hospitals; 30 @entity1 in each hospital were randomly assigned to receive BNHS. In one hospital, the 30 controls were given another traditional Chinese drug; whereas a Western medicine (chondroprotection drug/Viartril-s) was used as the control in the other hospital. Intervention was carried out over a period of 4 weeks. Primary outcome measures included self-reported @entity158 level, and changes in stiffness and functional ability as measured by the Western Ontario @entity571 (WOMAC) index. Mixed models were used for statistical analysis. Substantial improvements in disease-specific symptoms were observed, after 4 weeks of treatment, in @entity1 taking BNHS capsules. As assessed by the WOMAC index, @entity158 level of the BNHS group decreased by 57% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 50, 63], stiffness by 63% (95% CI = 55, 71) and functional ability increased by 56% (95% CI = 50, 63). No significant differences were found in any of the outcome measures between the BNHS group and either of the comparison groups. No severe adverse effects were reported. However, this study lacked a placebo group; therefore, we conclude that BNHS appears to be as effective as commonly prescribed medicines for the relief of @entity158 and dysfunction in knee @entity571 @entity1 , but costs a lot less than other Western and herbal drugs in the study.

title: Blood-nourishing and hard-softening capsule costs less in the management of osteoarthritic knee XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12647 can cause severe @entity281 and @entity295 . Thus, accurate and timely identification of the organism is essential. METHODS: Case report and review of the pertinent English-language literature. CASE REPORT: A 74-year-old male underwent repetitive surgical debridement and grafting for a full-thickness @entity1066 on the plantar surface of the left foot. One week after the last debridement, the @entity1 presented to the emergency department with @entity221 , @entity551 , and severe @entity158 . A radiograph showed a soft-tissue defect of the plantar aspect of the left midfoot with gas along the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal. A below-knee amputation was performed. Blood culture and intraoperative tissue specimens grew colonies that exhibited b-hemolysis on @entity742 blood agar and agglutinated with streptococcal B group antiserum. However, gram staining revealed that the organism was a gram-positive bacillus, and a reverse Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson (CAMP) test showed that the organism inhibited the b-hemolysis of @entity794 on @entity742 blood agar. Biochemical testing identified the organism as A. haemolyticum. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to investigate for A. haemolyticum when organisms with b-hemolytic activity react with group B streptococcal antiserum. Otherwise, A. haemolyticum can be mis-identified as group B Streptococcus or @entity5125 . This distinction is important clinically, because despite good in vitro activity of @entity114 (a first-line antibiotic for group B Streptococcus infections), treatment failures have been reported when @entity114 has been used for A. @entity281 .

title: @entity12647 osteomyelitis and XXXX : a diagnostic conundrum.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity12647 :: ('28264', 'Species') :: ['Arcanobacterium haemolyticum']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['haemolyticum infections', 'systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['left foot pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel group study assessed the efficacy and safety (with particular regard to body weight and @entity4053 ) of @entity11756 when used in a flexible mealtime dosing regimen in a situation close to everyday clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 408 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 considered poorly controlled by diet, but without a history of previous antidiabetic medication, were randomized to receive 0.5 mg @entity11756 at mealtimes (increased to 1 mg after 4 weeks depending on blood @entity413 response) or placebo for 16 weeks. @entity1 were free to choose a flexible meal pattern, adjusting the dosing schedule from two to four preprandial doses per day in accordance with a "one meal, one dose; no meal, no dose" principle. Additional snacks were not a requirement of the treatment schedule. RESULTS: Treatment with @entity11756 significantly improved glycemic control with respect to baseline and placebo, reducing @entity4051 c by 1.14% from baseline and fasting plasma @entity413 by 1.8 mmol/l. Improvement in glycemic control was independent of the meal pattern adopted by @entity1 , including those most commonly taking two or four meals daily, with no correlation between meal pattern and risk of @entity4053 . The improvement in glycemic control was also independent of degree of @entity28 and age < or =65 or >65 years. There was no significant body weight increase in the @entity11756 group. CONCLUSIONS: Mealtime dosing with @entity11756 is effective in improving overall glycemic control in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 for which control is suboptimal using diet alone. @entity1 are able to vary their meal pattern from a conventional regimen of three meals daily without compromising control or increasing the risk of adverse events.

title: Flexible meal-related dosing with XXXX facilitates glycemic control in therapy-naive @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity11756 :: ('MESH:C072379', 'Chemical') :: ['repaglinide']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity11756 :: (MESH:C072379,Chemical) :: ['repaglinide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the anatomic and functional outcomes as assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in @entity1 with a preoperative disrupted or irregular photoreceptor inner/outer segment (IS/ @entity3012 ) junction who underwent @entity6654 (ERM) surgery and were followed for at least 2 years. METHODS: We retrospectively studied all of the @entity1 with idiopathic ERM who had a preoperative @entity3012 and were scheduled to undergo a transconjunctival 25-gauge vitrectomy between September 2007 and October 2009. All of the @entity1 who had a 2-year or longer follow-up period were included in the study. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and structural changes in the IS/ @entity3012 junction were examined before and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Furthermore, @entity1 were divided into two groups based on whether the preoperative @entity3012 had been caused by a lamellar macular hole (LMH type) or swelling as a result of ERM traction (S type). Morphologic changes in the IS/ @entity3012 junctions of each type were also investigated. RESULTS: A total of 17 @entity1 were identified in this study. Overall, a significantly better postoperative BCVA was seen after surgery; in particular, the BCVA at 24 months was significantly better than that at 12 months (p=0.018). Although the @entity3012 appeared normal in 1 out of 17 eyes at 12 months, 7 eyes appeared normal at 24 months. These 7 eyes showed significant postoperative improvement in BCVA compared with the remaining 10 eyes (p=0.045, p=0.021, p=0.019, and p=0.015 at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively). The preoperative @entity3012 was classified as LMH type in 8 eyes and as S type in 9 eyes. The LMH type, rather than the S type, tended to show a persistently @entity3012 at 24 months, although the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Anatomic and functional recovery of preoperative disrupted IS/ @entity3012 junctions can be acquired even after more than 1 year postoperatively. However, eyes with persistent irregularities of the IS/ @entity3012 junction at a 2-year follow-up, especially those with LMH type irregularities, might have a limited visual improvement.

title: Long-term outcome of preoperative disrupted inner/outer segment junctions assessed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in XXXX with @entity6654 .

entities_list: @entity6654 :: ('MESH:D019773', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epiretinal membrane']

entities_list: @entity3012 :: ('MESH:C567932', 'Disease') :: ['disrupted IS/OS junction', 'OS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Often, the sources of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) in environmental media can be identified by comparing the ratios of concentrations of selected pairs of @entity2556 congeners in the source emissions to the ratios in the contaminated environmental media. However, these ratios can be altered significantly due to differences in the transport of the @entity2556 compounds in a multimedia environment. To examine such changes, a fugacity model was applied to @entity2556 ratios in a model environment. A linear relationship between the rate of emission and the bulk media concentration was identified for each @entity2556 compound in an environmental medium at steady state and was quantified by a @entity6071 ( @entity6071 ). It was demonstrated that the @entity6071 values of the two congeners usually differ significantly. Consequentially, @entity2556 ratios changed remarkably from the source emissions to various environmental media. A site-specific rectification factor (RF) was defined as the ratio of the two @entity6071 values of the paired congeners for a specific @entity2556 ratio in a given medium, which can be applied to account for the ratio changes in a multimedia environment. The @entity2556 ratio changes were further verified with the surface soil data collected from Tianjin, China, and the observed changes of @entity2556 ratios were compared favorably with the model predictions. The sensitivity analysis revealed that @entity2556 ratios of the low molecular weight compounds were less stable. The most influential parameters controlling @entity2556 ratios were those pertaining to dry precipitation, surface-to-air diffusion, degradation in air and water, and exchange between water and sediment.

title: Source diagnostics of XXXX based on species ratios: a multimedia approach.

entities_list: @entity6071 :: ('MESH:C562709', 'Disease') :: ['RRS', 'receptor-to-source ratio']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the work was to estimate the radiation dose delivered to the fetus in a pregnant @entity1 irradiated for @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 45-year @entity1 was treated for @entity0 using a 6 MV photon beam with two isocentric opposing tangential unwedged fields. Daily dose was 2.3 Gy at 95% isodose line given by two fields/day, 5 days/week. A total dose of 46 Gy was given in 20 fractions over a 4-week period. Pregnancy confirmed during the second therapeutic week. Treatment lasted between the second and sixth gestation week. Radiation dose to fetus was estimated from in vivo and phantom measurements using thermoluminescence dosimeters and an ionization chamber. In vivo measurements were performed by inserting either a catheter with TL dosimeters or ionization chamber into the @entity1 's rectum. Phantom measurements were performed by simulating the treatment conditions on an anthropomorphic phantom. RESULTS: TLD measurements (in vivo and phantom) revealed fetal dose to be 0.085% of the @entity5 dose, corresponding to a cumulative fetal dose of 3.9 cGy for the entire treatment of 46 Gy. Chamber measurements (in vivo and phantom) revealed a fetal dose less than the TLD result: 0.079 and 0.083% of the @entity5 dose corresponding to cumulative fetal dose of 3.6 cGy and 3.8 cGy for in vivo and phantom measurement, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the cumulative dose delivered to the unshielded fetus was 3.9 cGy for a 46 Gy total @entity5 dose. The estimated fetal dose is low compared to the total @entity5 dose given due to the early stage of pregnancy, the large distance between fundus-radiation field, and the fact that no wedges and/or lead blocks were used. No deterministic biological effects of radiation on the live-born embryo are expected. The lifetime risk for radiation-induced fatal @entity5 is higher than the normal incidence, but is considered as inconsequential.

title: Fetal dose evaluation during XXXX radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['left breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: To examine the association between branch @entity2994 (BRVO) and quantitative optic disc topographic parameters. METHODS: The @entity735 (SINDI) is a population-based study of 3400 Singapore Indians aged 40+ years. BRVO was defined and graded from retinal photographs. Optic disc parameters were quantified using the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph III (HRT III). Associations were evaluated for individual eyes; the generalised estimating equation was used to account for correlation between fellow eyes. RESULTS: 6173 eyes (comprising 19 BRVO) had gradable retinal photographs and HRT images. After controlling for age, gender, and systemic ( @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity583 ) and ocular factors (intraocular pressure, @entity726 , central corneal thickness, @entity3656 , previous laser photocoagulation), BRVO was associated with larger optic disc area (OR highest vs lowest tertile, 4.70; 95% CI 1.00 to 22.01; p=0.036), larger cup area (OR highest vs lowest tertile, 4.80; 95% CI 1.03 to 22.35; p=0.029) and larger cup-disc area ratio (OR highest vs lowest tertile, 4.44; 95% CI 0.95 to 20.66; p=0.037). After excluding @entity726 , BRVO remained significantly associated with these parameters (p=0.027, p=0.018, p=0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative optic disc parameters (optic cup and disc area) are associated with BRVO, even in @entity735 . Optic nerve head morphology may play a role in BRVO pathogenesis.

title: XXXX and optic nerve head topographic parameters: the Singapore Indian eye study.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['axial length']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'glaucoma eyes']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['non-glaucomatous eyes', 'Singapore Indian Eye Study']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Branch retinal vein occlusion']