abstract: @entity13746 comprises a spectrum of chest-wall deformities affecting, to various degrees, the rib cage, the chest-wall muscles, the neurovascular structures of the ipsilateral arm, and the overlying breast. This study details our experience with nine female @entity13746 @entity1 who had chest-wall and breast asymmetry corrected by microvascular free-tissue transfer. Nine female @entity1 with Poland's @entity764 underwent 12 microvascular free flaps between 1989 and 1994. Donor sites for free-tissue transfer included eight transverse rectus abdominis flaps, two superior gluteal flaps, one @entity75 , and one contralateral latissimus dorsi flap. Recipient vessels were branches of the subscapular vascular axis in all @entity1 . @entity1 ' ages ranged from 18 to 47 years at the time of reconstruction. Chest-wall and breast asymmetry varied from accompanying severe pectus and rib cage deformities to isolated breast involvement. Complications were limited to a superior @entity1211 . This @entity1 underwent a successful second superior gluteal flap reconstruction utilizing the cephalic venous outflow system. Chest-wall and breast symmetry was restored in all @entity1 . This study demonstrates that microsurgical reconstruction of chest-wall and breast asymmetry in @entity13746 yields excellent results with a high degree of @entity1 satisfaction. Careful intraoperative assessment of the recipient vessels prior to flap transfer is mandatory. Because Poland's @entity764 may include @entity2457 , preoperative vascular assessment with duplex ultrasonography should be considered in all @entity1 , and use of preoperative angiography or venography in selected @entity1 also appears justified.

title: Reconstruction of breast asymmetry in Poland's XXXX using microvascular free flaps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior gluteal flap']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['anomalies of the vascular system']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest-wall deformity', 'chest deformity']

entities_list: @entity13746 :: ('MESH:D011045', 'Disease') :: ["Poland's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['gluteal flap loss due to anomalous subscapular venous drainage']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest-wall deformity']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1760 support to small bowel resection @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: Incidence and treatment of @entity1272 in @entity1 with extensive small bowel resection. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Metabolic Unit of the University Hospital Medical School of Ribeir  o Preto, University of S  o Paulo, Brazil. @entity1 : Fifteen @entity1 with extensive small bowel resection who developed @entity5277 . MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Serum @entity1760 control of @entity1 with bowel resection. Replacement of @entity1760 when low values were found. RESULTS: Initial serum @entity1760 values were obtained 21 to 180 days after surgery. @entity1272 [serum @entity1760 below 1.5 mEq/l (SD 0.43)] was detected in 40% of the @entity1 [1,19 mEq/l (SD 0.22)]. During the follow-up period, 66% of the @entity1 presented at least two values below reference (1.50 mEq/l). 40% increased their serum values after @entity1760 therapy. CONCLUSION: Metabolic control of serum @entity1760 should be followed up after extensive small bowel resection. @entity1272 may be found and should be controlled.

title: XXXX in @entity5277 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia', 'Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity1272 :: (MESH:C537153,Disease) :: ['Hypomagnesemia']


abstract: The catfish IGH locus is large ( approximately 1 Mb) and complex, having undergone multiple internal duplications and transpositions. To define the structure of the locus that contains the single expressed @entity54732 gene, two overlapping @entity2348 ( @entity2348 ) clones spanning the most 3' end of the @entity4576 immunoglobulin heavy (IGH) chain locus have been completely sequenced. The analyses created a contig of 257,153 bp containing 55 VH, 6 D, 12 @entity12808 genes and the IGH constant region genes encoding the functional secreted and membrane forms of IgM and the membrane form of IgD. This analysis revealed three major features. First, no C-region genes were found aside from the previously described @entity54733 and IGHD1, with the latter gene being the most 3' C-region gene of the catfish IGH locus. There was no evidence in the region sequenced for genes that could encode an Ig class similar to the IgZ/IgT described in @entity3392 , trout and pufferfish. Second, there are a high number of VH pseudogenes, 28 out of 55 (51%). In contrast, the entire @entity3392 IGH locus has 40 functional VH genes and eight pseudogenes (17%). Third, an internal duplication of a 52.4-kb block of VH genes has occurred. These observations suggest that the IGH locus of teleost fish varies significantly from species to species in the diversity of C-region genes as well as the numbers of genes encoding V regions.

title: Structure of the catfish IGH locus: analysis of the region including the single functional XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['BAC', 'bacterial-artificial-chromosome']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['channel catfish']

answer: @entity54732 :: (100149619(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['IGHM']


abstract: In @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ), the clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus ( @entity7513 ), can be used as a molecular marker for the detection of @entity41 ( @entity41 ). @entity1 in complete remission may still harbor leukemic cells undetectable by conventional methods such as light-microscopic examination, immunophenotyping and cytogenetics. 30 @entity1 with @entity8625 were screened at diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for their @entity7513 gene repertoire. 7/30 @entity1 were extensively studied using @entity1 -specific oligonucleotide probes derived from the sequence analysis of bone marrow (BM) samples at diagnosis. 210 PCR products from follow-up BM samples corresponding to these 7 @entity1 were hybridized with the appropriate clone-specific probe in order to detect @entity41 with high sensitivity and specificity. All the @entity1 were in morphological remission during and after therapy. 25/30 @entity1 were PCR positive at diagnosis. 4/7 @entity1 who were examined for @entity41 had detectable disease in various periods after diagnosis. Molecular signs of residual cells can persist for a long time during and after therapy. Long term follow-up of @entity41 could determine the period of therapy and predict relapse, indicating therapeutic interventions.

title: Study of @entity41 in XXXX of childhood, using clone-specific probes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'B-ALL']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

answer: @entity8625 :: (MESH:D015456,Disease) :: ['B-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors report a retrospective analysis of high-dose @entity1260 , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 ( @entity2033 -ICE) for @entity1 with refractory or relapsed @entity521 ( @entity521 ). A major reason for using this regimen was the long time since @entity1 received previous treatment with a @entity902 compound. The authors also summarized the published experience on ICE in @entity1 with @entity521 . METHODS: Treatment comprised @entity1260 (2000 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days), @entity3003 (500 mg/m(2) daily for 2 days), and @entity2879 (100 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days). @entity1 who had poor hematologic reserve (platelet count <100,000/ L) from previous therapy received peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) after @entity2033 -ICE. Disease status before and after @entity2033 -ICE was defined according to International @entity521 Response Criteria (expanded to include (123) I-metaiodobenzylguanidine findings). Publications that were informative about ICE for @entity521 were reviewed. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 received 92 cycles of ICE, including 37 @entity1 who received PBSC rescue. Grade 3 @entity137 were rare: 1-3 @entity1 had @entity75 , @entity33 , or @entity1902 . @entity2259 was documented in 24 of 92 cycles (26%). The absolute neutrophil count reached 500/ L on day 17-30 (median, day 22) in @entity1 who had satisfactory hematologic reserve. Disease regressions (major and minor responses) were achieved by 14 of 17 @entity1 (82%) with a new relapse, 13 of 26 @entity1 (50%) with refractory @entity521 , and 12 of 34 @entity1 (35%) who were treated for progressive disease during chemotherapy (P = .005). In the literature, @entity1 received ICE at lower dosages and achieved major response rates >36% in phase 1 and 2 studies (in which less comprehensive staging evaluations were used) that involved resistant @entity521 and >70% in induction for newly diagnosed @entity521 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2033 -ICE is appealing as salvage treatment or consolidative therapy because of its anti- @entity521 activity and the low risk of major nonhematologic @entity137 . PBSC support is unnecessary for @entity1 who had intact hematologic reserve.

title: @entity1260 , XXXX , and @entity2879 for @entity521 : a high-dose salvage regimen and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteremia']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of pediatric procedural sedation performed by emergency physicians working within a structured sedation protocol. METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 undergoing @entity341 ( @entity341 ) procedural sedation during a 2-year period after the institution of a structured sedation protocol. RESULTS: 167 @entity1 underwent procedural sedation, primarily for orthopedic manipulation, wound management and foreign body removal. Of these, 82% received @entity3652 , 17% received @entity3575 and @entity1363 and 1% received @entity1363 alone. Sedation was adequate in all but 6 @entity1 , who required supplemental @entity3652 for orthopedic manipulation. Vomiting after arousal occurred in 17 @entity1 (10%), but no episodes of clinical @entity1173 occurred. One @entity1 became agitated during recovery and another experienced a transient @entity1833 . There were no cases of @entity8822 , @entity386 or cardiorespiratory compromise, and no mortality or significant morbidity occurred. CONCLUSION: Emergency physicians using a structured sedation protocol can safely perform @entity341 pediatric procedural sedation. Where intravenous access is not already present, intramuscular @entity3652 , administered in the doses described, is a safe and effective agent for pediatric sedation.

title: Safety of pediatric procedural sedation in a Canadian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucination']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) confers considerable morbidity and mortality in hospitalized @entity1 , although few studies have focused on the @entity3124 population. The objective of this study was to understand current approaches to the prevention and diagnosis of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) among @entity1 in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). DESIGN: Mailed self-administered survey of @entity1213 Directors in Canadian university affiliated hospitals. RESULTS: Of 29 @entity1213 Directors approached, 29 (100%) participated, representing 44 ICUs and 681 @entity1213 beds across Canada. @entity1211 prophylaxis is primarily determined by individual @entity1213 clinicians (20/29, 69.0%) or with a hematology consultation for challenging @entity1 (9/29, 31.0%). Decisions are usually made on a case-by-case basis (18/29, 62.1%) rather than by preprinted orders (5/29, 17.2%), institutional policies (6/29, 20.7%) or formal practice guidelines (2/29, 6.9%). Unfractionated heparin is the predominant @entity1211 prophylactic strategy (29/29, 100.0%) whereas low molecular weight heparin is used less often, primarily for @entity130 and orthopedic @entity1 . Use of pneumatic compression devices and @entity1031 stockings is variable. Systematic screening for @entity1150 with lower limb ultrasound once or twice weekly was reported by some @entity1213 Directors (7/29, 24.1%) for specific populations. Ultrasound is the most common diagnostic test for @entity1150 ; the reference standard of venography is rarely used. Spiral computed tomography chest scans and ventilation-perfusion scans are used more often than pulmonary angiograms for the diagnosis of @entity1151 . @entity1213 Directors recommend further studies in the @entity3124 population to determine the test properties and risk:benefit ratio of @entity1211 investigations, and the most cost-effective methods of prophylaxis in medical-surgical @entity1213 @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: Unfractionated subcutaneous heparin is the predominant @entity1211 prophylaxis strategy for @entity3124 @entity1 , although low molecular weight heparin is prescribed for @entity130 and orthopedic @entity1 . @entity1150 is most often diagnosed by lower limb ultrasound; however, several different tests are used to diagnose @entity1151 . Fundamental research in @entity3124 @entity1 is needed to help make practice evidence-based.

title: Prevention and diagnosis of @entity1211 in XXXX @entity1 : a Canadian survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastrointestinal endoscopy is imperative for @entity360 ( @entity360 ) to find @entity548 focus and stop @entity548 . This study was designed to assess the necessity of emergency endoscopy and determine screening criteria for the @entity1 who presented to emergency room (ER) with after-hours @entity360 . METHODS: The medical records of 383 patents with @entity360 who presented to ER at after-hours were reviewed. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: emergency endoscopy (EE) group (<12 hours after arrival) or delayed endoscopy (DE) group (12-24 hours after arrival). We compared the severity, hemostatic procedures, rebleeding rate, length of hospitalization and 30-day mortality between the two groups. RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity1 in EE group and 137 @entity1 in DE group were evaluated among @entity1 with @entity360 . No significant differences in clinical severity, finding the @entity548 focus, hemostasis, 30-day mortality, hospital stay, and rebleeding rate were observed between the two groups. Among 148 @entity1 with @entity360 , 65 @entity1 were in EE group and 83 @entity1 in DE group. Most clinical severity index were not different between the groups. In EE group, the rate of finding @entity548 foci was lower (p=0.043), and 30-day mortality was higher than in DE group (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency endoscopy within 12 hours after arrival at after-hours do not lead to better prognosis in @entity360 .

title: [Effect of after-hours emergency endoscopy on the outcome of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding', 'non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding', 'variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding', 'AUGIB']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To see if there is a correlation between histologic features of these @entity5 and final outcome. DESIGN: A small series of cases of @entity2347 of the @entity50864 in @entity1 18 years of age or younger were evaluated. @entity1 : A total of 11 cases of @entity2347 of the @entity50864 in @entity1 18 years of age or younger found in the registry of Ophthalmic Pathology at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were studied. INTERVENTION: Histologic material obtained by excision of @entity5 was evaluated for different morphologic parameters. Clinical follow-up information was reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All cases were evaluated for proportion of a basaloid histologic pattern: @entity39 , @entity548 , mitotic count, and perineural, vascular, intraosseous, leptomeningeal, and @entity5151 . These parameters were examined for an association with the clinical follow-up that was obtained for eight of the @entity1 (mean follow-up, 10 years; range, 2-14 years). RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 were female (M:F = 2:9). Mean age was 14 years (range, 6.5-18 years). Of the @entity1 with follow-up, 5 (62.5%) of 8 survived. Estimated survival rate at 15 years was 58% (Kaplan-Meier analysis). Survivors had 25% or less basaloid histology. Necrosis, @entity548 , perineural invasion, and mitotic count were less prominent in survivors than in those who died of disease. Vascular invasion was seen only in fatal cases. CONCLUSIONS: Young @entity1 with @entity2347 have a better prognosis than do adult @entity1 , which may be due to their @entity5 having less aggressive histologic features.

title: @entity2347 of the XXXX in childhood and adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimal gland tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'adenoid cystic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5151 :: ('MESH:D019574', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve invasion']

entities_list: @entity50864 :: ('MESH:C562407', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimal gland']

answer: @entity50864 :: (MESH:C562407,Disease) :: ['lacrimal gland']


abstract: Stress adaptation in plants involves altered expression of many genes through complex signaling pathways. To achieve the optimum expression of downstream functional genes, we expressed AtbHLH17 (AtAIB) and @entity35402 TFs which are known to be upregulated under drought and oxidative stress, respectively in @entity958 . Multigene expression cassette with these two TFs and reporter gene GUS was developed using modified gateway cloning strategy. The GUS assay and expression analysis of transgenes in transgenic plants confirmed the integration of multigene cassette. The transgenic lines exhibited enhanced tolerance to @entity1219 , @entity2656 and oxidative stress. Under @entity2656 stress condition significantly higher root growth was observed in transgenics. Growth under stress and recovery growth was substantially superior in transgenics exposed to gradual long term desiccation stress conditions. We demonstrate the expression of several downstream target genes under various stress conditions. A few genes having either WRKY or bHLH cis elements in their promoter regions showed higher transcript levels than wild type. However, the genes which did not have either of the motifs did not differ in their expression levels in stress conditions compared to wild type plants. Hence co-expressing two or more TFs may result in upregulation of many downstream target genes and substantially improve the stress tolerance of the plants.

title: Co-expression of AtbHLH17 and XXXX confers resistance to abiotic stress in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol', 'mannitol']

answer: @entity35402 :: (827542(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['AtWRKY28']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prospectively, the tolerability and safety of intravenous @entity5354 therapy, for the cardioversion of spontaneous monomorphic @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). SETTING AND @entity1 : Between February 1990 and December 1996, fifty-eight @entity1 aged 59+/-10 years old (fifty-three males, five females), with spontaneous @entity1165 not causing @entity1167 , received intravenous @entity5354 . Their underlying heart conditions were: @entity741 [35], dilated @entity296 [14], @entity4266 [3], @entity1121 [1], valvulopathy [2], Fallot's Tetralogy [1] and primary arrhythmogenic disease [2]. The left ventricular ejection fraction was 42+/-13% (range 20%-76%). RESULTS: The mean dose of @entity5354 was 70+/-12 mg. The @entity591 stopped within 6+/-3 min in 47 (81%) @entity1 . Side effects from @entity5354 occurred in two @entity1 . The hemodynamic complications were limited to @entity551 , that required vasopressor therapy in one @entity1 . The only apparent proarrhythmic effect consisted of an isolated change in the morphology of the @entity1165 , that resolved spontaneously on withdrawal of the drug. No mortality occurred at the hospital. CONCLUSION: With appropriate rules for its administration, intravenous @entity5354 has the potential to become one of the first-line antiarrhythmic drugs, to be used for cardioversion of @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1165 .

title: Safety and tolerability of intravenous @entity5354 for acute termination of spontaneous sustained XXXX . @entity5354 and spontaneous @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5354 :: ('MESH:C032151', 'Chemical') :: ['cibenzoline']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysplasia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Many epidemiological studies and in vitro experiments have found that chronic @entity3494 exposure may influence memory formation. The goal of this study was to create an animal model of @entity2414 induced by chronic @entity4250 exposure and to study the underlying mechanisms. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) male @entity35 were randomly divided into a control group, a low-dose @entity7249 exposure group and a high-dose @entity7249 exposure group. @entity7249 was administered by adding it to drinking water for 3 months. Then, the spatial memory of the @entity35 was examined with Morris water maze and Y maze. The concentration of @entity3494 in the blood and the brain was determined by an atomic fluorescence absorption spectrometer. The ultra-structure of hippocampal neurons was observed by an electron microscope. Timm staining was used for observing mossy fibers. We found that the concentration of @entity3494 in the blood and the brain increased in a dose-response manner (P<0.05). The performance of @entity35 in the @entity4250 exposed group (15 mg/kg) was significantly impaired in the Morris water maze and Y maze tasks than those in the control group (P<0.05). @entity7249 exposure resulted in abnormal structural changes in the myelin sheaths of nerve fibers and decreases in the terminals of mossy fibers. Together, chronic @entity7249 exposure through drinking water results in detrimental changes in the neuronal synapses, which may contribute to the @entity4250 -induced @entity2414 .

title: Changes in the synaptic structure of hippocampal neurons and @entity2414 in a @entity35 model caused by chronic XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of spatial memory', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity7249 :: ('MESH:C017947', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium arsenite', 'sodium arsenite']

answer: @entity4250 :: (MESH:C015001,Chemical) :: ['arsenite']


abstract: @entity528 is a salient feature of @entity1579 . However, its cause and mechanism, particularly its relationship with the accumulation and precipitation of the pathogenic, protease-resistant isoform PrP(Sc) of the cellular prion protein PrP(C), are still an enigma. Several studies suggest that @entity528 could occur through a process of programmed cell death, which is consistent with the lack of @entity32 in these conditions. By analogy with the pathological events occurring during the development of @entity195 , controversies still exist regarding the relationship between amyloidogenesis, @entity1423 , and @entity528 . We recently demonstrated that a prion protein fragment (118-135) displayed membrane-destabilizing properties and was able to induce, in a nonfibrillar form, the fusion of unilamellar liposomes. To unravel the mechanism of prion protein @entity2359 , we characterize the effects of the @entity1 Pr[118-135] peptide on @entity35 cortical neurons. We demonstrate that low concentrations of the Pr[118-135] peptide, in a nonfibrillar form, induce a time- and dose- dependent apoptotic cell death, including caspase activation, DNA condensation, and @entity1949 . This @entity137 might involve oxidative stress, because antioxidant molecules, such as @entity5119 and @entity8394 , protect neurons against prion peptide @entity137 . By contrast, a nonfusogenic variant Pr[118-135, 0 degrees ] peptide, which displays the same @entity535 composition but several @entity535 permutations, is not toxic to cortical neurons, which emphasizes the critical role of the fusogenic properties of the prion peptide in its @entity2359 . Taken together, our results suggest that the interaction between the Pr[118-135] peptide and the plasma membrane of neurons might represent an early event in a cascade leading to @entity179 .

title: A nonfibrillar form of the fusogenic prion protein fragment [118-135] induces apoptotic cell death in XXXX cortical neurons.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['prion aggregation']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity5119 :: ('MESH:D011341', 'Chemical') :: ['probucol']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8394 :: ('MESH:D011435', 'Chemical') :: ['propyl gallate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss', 'Neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 undergoing liver resection for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) are often treated with chemotherapy before surgery. However, the associations between chemotherapy, @entity99 , perioperative outcomes, and other confounding factors remain unclear. This study investigates the effect of preoperative chemotherapy for @entity14 on nontumoral liver histology and perioperative outcomes in a contemporary cohort. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred six @entity1 underwent hepatic resection for @entity14 between April 2003 and March 2007. Histologic evaluation of nontumoral liver parenchyma for @entity384 , @entity1560 , and @entity1560 was performed in 384 cases for which tissue was available. @entity1 factors, @entity5 characteristics, chemotherapy regimens, histology of nontumoral liver, and perioperative morbidity were analyzed. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty @entity1 (65%) received preoperative chemotherapy for a median duration of 24 weeks. Irinotecan, increased body mass index (BMI), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were associated with @entity1560 and @entity1560 . @entity384 was not associated with chemotherapy or any clinicopathologic factors. Perioperative blood transfusion was independently associated with an increased risk of any complication. @entity260 were independently associated with major (>=  3 segments) resections (57%) and perioperative blood transfusion. The use of any preoperative chemotherapy decreased the odds of major complications. @entity409 were independently associated with major resection and blood transfusion, but not with chemotherapy. Three postoperative deaths (0.8%) occurred, all in @entity1 who were not treated with chemotherapy and had no evidence of @entity99 . CONCLUSIONS: With appropriate @entity1 selection, liver resection for @entity14 can be safely performed in @entity1 treated with preoperative chemotherapy.

title: Preoperative chemotherapy and the risk of hepatotoxicity and morbidity after liver resection for metastatic XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis', 'steatohepatitis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Sinusoidal dilatation', 'sinusoidal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver-related complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Major postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer liver metastasis', 'CRCLM']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II-positive cells are almost completely absent in the @entity35 thymic medulla after @entity205 ( @entity870 ) exposure. This phenomenon has been related to alterations in the medullary interdigitating cells (IDCs), representing either down-modulation of RT1 class II antigen on persistent IDCs, or @entity38653 . To resolve this issue, we performed an ultrastructural study of the @entity35 thymic medulla during CsA treatment (15 mg/kg body weight/day CsA subcutaneously for 7 to 14 days). At day 7 after exposure, only very few IDCs could be identified. They showed an abnormal ultrastructural morphology as judged by inconspicuous @entity38653 and lack of Birbeck granules. At day 14, the number of IDCs was larger. At this time, the IDCs had a normal ultrastructure, except for the almost complete absence of Birbeck granules. We conclude that CsA causes an initial depletion of IDCs from the thymic medulla. The ultrastructural morphology of the few IDCs present suggests an immature character. New IDC immigrants appear in the medullary area already during CsA treatment, indicating early recovery.

title: Interdigitating cells in the XXXX thymus during @entity205 treatment: ultrastructural observations.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity38653 :: ('MESH:D054739', 'Disease') :: ['membrane interdigitations', 'actual disappearance of IDCs']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Activation of @entity5597 kinase/ @entity5595 (SK/ @entity5596 )-mediated signaling has emerged as a critical cardioprotective pathway in response to acute @entity63 /reperfusion injury. @entity5596 is released in both ischemic pre- and post-conditioning. Application of exogenous @entity5596 to cultured cardiac myocytes subjected to @entity519 or treatment of isolated hearts either before @entity63 or at the onset of reperfusion exerts prosurvival effects. Synthetic congeners of @entity5596 such as @entity20083 mimic these responses. Gene targeted @entity19 null for the @entity13889 isoform whose hearts are subjected to @entity63 /reperfusion injury exhibit increased @entity1188 size and respond poorly either to ischemic pre- or postconditioning. Measurements of cardiac SK activity and @entity5596 parallel these observations. Experiments in @entity51551 knockout @entity19 have revealed that this isoform is necessary for survival in the heart. High density lipoprotein (HDL) is a major carrier of @entity5596 , and studies of hearts in which selected @entity5596 receptors have been inhibited implicate the @entity5596 cargo of HDL in cardioprotection. Inhibition of @entity5596 lyase, an endogenous enzyme that degrades @entity5596 , also leads to cardioprotection. These observations have considerable relevance for future therapeutic approaches to acute and chronic @entity296 . This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.

title: XXXX kinase and @entity5595 in the heart: a decade of progress.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5597 :: ('MESH:D013110', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine 1-phosphate']

answer: @entity5597 :: (MESH:D013110,Chemical) :: ['Sphingosine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of @entity3884 -rich saline solution (HRSS) and @entity8503 on the @entity16 induced by irradiation. @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups. Group I served as control group. @entity35 in group II were exposed to the irradiation. The animals in group III and IV were injected intraperitoneally with HRSS (5 ml/kg) and @entity8503 (200 mg/kg), respectively, 15 min. before the start of gamma irradiation. Testis weight, testis dimensions, sperm count, sperm motility, apoptosis index and biochemical assays were assessed after a 4-day initiation of irradiation. Testis weight, testis dimensions, sperm count, sperm motility in group II were significantly lower compared with those in the control group, whereas they were higher in the HRSS and @entity8503 group. Apoptosis index was significantly increased in group II. Treatment of @entity35 with HRSS and @entity8503 significantly reduced the apoptosis index. On the other hand, irradiation markedly decreased activities of SOD. Activities of SOD were significantly improved when treated with HRSS and @entity8503 . Significant increase in the @entity1865 level was observed in group II. @entity1865 levels of group III and IV were significantly lowered when compared with group II. HRSS also played a significant role in the recovery of serum @entity251 levels. The results from this experimental study suggest that @entity3884 has a possible protective effect against radiation-induced @entity16 .

title: Protection by @entity3884 against gamma ray-induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['testicular damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['testicular damage']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate an instrumental assessment technique for acquiring reproducible, metric data on the nasal airway in @entity2419 associated @entity11766 . A consecutive sample of 23 unilateral, 17 bilateral @entity23350 @entity1 and 15 controls with subjective normal nasal patency from a @entity2419 rehabilitation centre were studied. A series of transnasal acoustic measurements (pressure wave: 55 dB for 2 ms) of nasal volume were performed before and after topical decongestion with 2 x 0.3 mg of @entity14411 . A standardized regimen of acoustic parameters of the nasal valve and the adjacent segment of the nasal cavity were calculated. The cleft side yielded a significantly (40%) lower nasal volume than the non-cleft side. Considerably lower values were recorded for the isthmus of the cleft side (0.31 cm2) compared with the non-cleft side (0.52 cm2). Decongestion capacity was higher in the posterior segment, indicating cleft-side massive @entity1184 . In bilateral @entity23350 , the isthmus measured 0.46 cm2. By decongestion, individual side differences were reduced in unilateral @entity23350 @entity1 but enhanced in bilateral clefts. The prevailing pattern of the cleft-side airway profile can be described as a 'descending W'. Acoustic rhinometry is a non-invasive, instrumental assessment technique for acquiring reproducible metric data of @entity11766 in @entity2419 @entity1 . By identification of the location and amount of nasal obstruction, it provides topographic information about the individual airway profile. It is suitable for the longitudinal investigation of nasal-airway development, as well as the preparation and follow-up of corrective rhinosurgery.

title: Nasal airway in XXXX @entity1 : acoustic rhinometric data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity14411 :: ('MESH:C009695', 'Chemical') :: ['xylometazoline']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft-palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft-palate']


abstract: Delayed @entity528 in the @entity63 region of the @entity35 brain following @entity2500 in @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 was studied. The distribution of @entity528 was determined by 45Ca autoradiography. Accumulation of 45Ca was observed in the corpus callosum and @entity2500 . After 3 days of occlusion, 45Ca had accumulated in the ipsilateral pyramidal tract, the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, and the lateral portion of the striatum. Significant accumulation of 45Ca was observed in the same areas after 7 and 14 days of occlusion. Next the effect of @entity3390 on accumulation of 45Ca after MCA occlusion was examined using the same technique. @entity3390 (0.5-10 mg/kg i.v.) or saline was administered 15 min before MCA occlusion, and volumes of accumulation of 45Ca were calculated 1 week after @entity63 insults. @entity3390 significantly reduced 45Ca uptake in the cortex, striatum, and thalamus. Furthermore, there was a strong statistical correlation between the volume of accumulation of 45Ca in the cortex and that in the thalamus (r = 0.8974; p < 0.001; n = 25). We speculate that delayed @entity528 in the corpus callosum, ipsilateral pyramidal tract, and thalamus may be caused by secondary @entity528 . However, @entity528 in the striatum, a segment not supplied by the MCA, may be related to excessive release of @entity2227 .

title: Calcium accumulation following @entity2500 in @entity64 -prone spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral cerebral cortex immediately following MCA occlusion', 'middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: An extremely rare case of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) of a lobar bronchus in a 47-year-old female is reported. Grossly, the @entity5 formed a polypoid mass obstructing the bronchial lumen. Microscopically, it was composed of two cellular types--epithelial cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and clear myoepithelial cells. Numerous tubules formed by an inner epithelial and outer myoepithelial layer were found. Focally, the @entity5 showed solid growth of clear cells. Prominent hyalinization of the stroma was found. The nature of the cells was confirmed by positive expression of cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen in epithelial cells and @entity2277 and smooth muscle actin in myoepithelial cells. Differential diagnosis of @entity189 includes a broad spectrum of @entity5 . Furthermore, metastases of clear cell @entity703 or thyroid, clear cell ("sugar") @entity2 , glandular form of @entity4303 , @entity420 with @entity2 with @entity10543 must be distinguished from @entity189 . The @entity5 has neither recurred nor metastasised, a fact supporting the current opinion, that @entity189 is a @entity5 of low grade @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the bronchus.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'salivary gland-type tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['tumor of the lung', 'myoepithelial cells and pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma', 'EMC']

entities_list: @entity10543 :: ('MESH:D017772', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid-like stroma']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioalveolar adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the kidney']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma']


abstract: This study examines social workers' perceptions of the needs of families coping with @entity791 ( @entity791 ). This research investigates the problems of family caregivers of @entity1 orphaned by @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV)-related @entity204 of their parents. A qualitative semistructured interview format was used in a focus group of 18 social workers. Four questions were designed to assess family needs and resources, as well as to evaluate the social workers' perspectives of governmental policies affecting these families. A list of four problems and two recommendations for change evolved from the focus group. Inadequate finances to house and care for the @entity1 was the primary cause for distress in these families. The major governmental policy that hindered the social workers' ability to assist families pertained to the low financial entitlement for caregivers who are related to the orphaned @entity1 . It was noted that unrelated caregivers receive substantially more money for the care of these @entity1 than family caregivers receive. Recommendations were made to change this policy and to develop guardianship laws that facilitate families' abilities to provide care to @entity791 orphans. Family caregivers of @entity791 orphans are bombarded with great demands and limited resources. This analysis of their situation from the social workers' perspective is a positive step toward the improvement of support services for these families. Further research should include individual qualitative interviews assessing the needs of the caregivers and @entity791 orphans.

title: Caregiver issues and XXXX orphans: perspectives from a social worker focus group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'child']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of treatment with endoscopic multipolar electrocoagulation in @entity1 who have @entity1066 with nonbleeding visible vessels. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, sham-controlled trial; @entity1 were followed until their discharge from the hospital. SETTING: Urban, nonreferral county hospital. @entity1 : Consecutive sample of 75 @entity1 who had a bloody nasogastric aspirate sample, melena, or @entity360 ; unstable vital signs, a transfusion of at least two units of blood in 12 hours, or a drop in the hematocrit of at least 0.06 in 12 hours; and endoscopic evidence of an @entity1066 with a nonbleeding visible vessel. INTERVENTION: Sham or real multipolar electrocoagulation at the time of diagnostic endoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the group receiving multipolar electrocoagulation showed marked improvement in the following variables; rebleeding (18% compared with 41%, P less than 0.05; difference, 23%; 95% CI, 3% to 43%); need for emergency surgery (8% compared with 30%, P less than 0.05; difference, 22%; CI, 5% to 39%); mean number of hospital days (4.3 +/- 0.4 compared with 6.2 +/- 0.7, P less than 0.05; difference, 1.9; CI, 0.4 to 3.4); and cost of hospitalization ( 3790 +/-  410 compared with  5730 +/-  650, P less than 0.05; difference,  1940; CI,  400 to  3480). The mean transfusion requirement in the treatment group was 1.6 +/- 0.3 as compared with 3.0 +/- 0.6 units in the control group (P = 0.13; difference, 1.4; CI, 0 to 2.8). The overall mortality was extremely low: Only 1 (1%) of 75 @entity1 died. Bleeding was induced in 7 (18%) of the 38 @entity1 treated with electrocoagulation, and 1 @entity1 required urgent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic treatment with multipolar electrocoagulation is beneficial in @entity1 who present with major @entity360 and are found to have an @entity1066 with a nonbleeding visible vessel.

title: Multipolar electrocoagulation in the treatment of peptic XXXX with nonbleeding visible vessels. A prospective, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia', 'upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Secretin is a key regulator of pancreatic secretion, but the molecular basis of its action is not well understood, especially in the @entity291 pancreas. Our study investigated the expression and functional competence of @entity52715 ( @entity52715 ) in @entity291 pancreatic membranes. METHODS: We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and Northern blot to assess the expression of the @entity52715 gene. The functional characterization of @entity52715 was accomplished using adenylate cyclase (AC) assay. RESULTS: We successfully amplified, by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, a fragment of the @entity52715 gene from 119-day-old @entity291 pancreas. This sequence shows higher homology with @entity52715 than with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( @entity11851 )-1 and @entity11851 -2 receptors from other species. Northern blot analysis detected a 1.8-kb transcript. Accordingly, secretin stimulates AC activity in @entity291 pancreatic membranes isolated from 28- and 119-day-old animals with a potency (Ka) of 1.9 to 2.7 nmol/L. Maximal AC stimulation induced by secretin represented a 3- to 4-fold increase of basal activity. AC activation by secretin was inhibited by the 2 @entity52715 antagonists, @entity52716 (l micromol/L) and [5-27] secretin (10 micromol/L). Interestingly, @entity52716 was ineffective against @entity11851 -induced AC stimulation. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that @entity11384 exerts a direct action on pancreatic secretion through specific @entity52715 coupled to the AC system. @entity291 pancreatic SEC-Rs are coexpressed with @entity11851 -2 receptors that we previously identified by ligand binding and cross-linking experiments.

title: Differential activation of adenylate cyclase by secretin and XXXX receptors in the @entity291 pancreas.

answer: @entity11851 :: (280956(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['VIP']


abstract: Percutaneous transcatheter mitral valvuloplasty is the indicated treatment of choice for symptomatic native @entity4794 , but there have been limited reports of successful procedures of balloon valvuloplasty for bioprosthetic @entity4794 . We present the case of a 62-year-old @entity1 suffering from progressive @entity1353 due to bioprosthetic @entity4794 . The measured mean pressure gradient across the mitral valve was 30 mmHg and the mitral valve area was 0.73 cm(2). Redoing mitral replacement was considered high risk and was refused by the @entity1 . @entity661 was performed with an Inoue balloon catheter inflated to 20 mm. The @entity1 's symptoms immediately improved after the procedure, with no procedure-related complications. The mean pressure gradient across the valve decreased to 19 mmHg, and the mitral valve area increased to 1.21 cm(2) in postprocedural echocardiography. We conducted a literature search and identified 26 cases of balloon valvuloplasty for @entity528 . Of these, 14 cases were bioprosthetic mitral valves, and the results were favorable. However, more case reports are required to establish an evidence base for future expert recommendation of balloon valvuloplasty of prosthetic mitral valve. Meanwhile, balloon valvuloplasty will serve a niche role in highly selected @entity1 with prosthetic @entity4794 .

title: @entity661 for bioprosthetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degenerated bioprosthetic valves']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral valve stenosis']


abstract: Clinical and CT scan features predictive of a @entity299 ( @entity299 ) are helpful in planning appropriate investigations in @entity64 . The currently described predictors of @entity299 were determined before the availability of trans esophageal echocardiography (TEE). After the advent of TEE, many new @entity299 were discovered. The present study was planned to investigate if the previously described predictors of @entity299 are also valid for @entity1 with @entity299 detectable only with TEE (TEE-detected @entity299 ). From 1992-1995, 485 consecutive @entity1 of @entity385 were enrolled in the Maryland Stroke Data Bank (MSDB). @entity1 with @entity299 identified only by TEE and not by clinical, electrocardiographic or transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examination were compared to @entity1 with a @entity299 with respect to the features of the history, neurologic examination and CT scan. Of 485 @entity1 with @entity385 , 132 (27%) @entity1 had @entity299 . In 21/132 (16%), diagnosis of high risk @entity299 could be established only by TEE. The most discriminating clinical findings in TEE-detected @entity299 @entity1 were @entity227 (OR 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1-7.4) and neglect (OR 3.4; 95% CI,1.2-9.3). Less strong associations were also found with other clinical features described previously for @entity299 . No significant differences were found for features of the initial CT scan. In summary, presence of @entity227 and hemineglect may suggest a higher likelihood of finding a @entity299 by TEE, even if the clinical cardiac examination and TTE are normal.

title: Clinical features of XXXX identified by transesophageal echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual field deficit']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic strokes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CSOE', 'cardiac source of embolism']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['cardioembolic strokes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of a regimen of initial @entity136 followed by @entity900 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 (36 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 ; age range, 35 to 74 years) were enrolled. @entity1 had bidimensionally measurable disease. @entity136 (phase-specific agent) was administered on days 1, 8, and 15 at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2. @entity900 (cycle-specific agent) was administered on day 15 (100 mg/m2). Chemotherapy was administered in 28-day cycles. RESULTS: Of 53 @entity1 enrolled, 50 were assessable for response. The overall response rate was 52%. There were two complete responses (4%) and 24 partial responses (48%). The median survival duration was 13 months and the 1-year survival rate was 61%. The regimen was generally well tolerated. World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 occurred in 38.8% and 19.2% of @entity1 , respectively. Grade 3 and 4 @entity882 occurred in 13.3% and 7.7% of @entity1 , respectively. Most @entity1 experienced mild @entity390 and @entity391 . Few @entity1 had hair loss and @entity137 was mild. Relatively few @entity1 required dose modifications for any of the three weekly doses of chemotherapy. For the first two cycles of chemotherapy, the dose-intensity per infusion was 947 mg/m2 for @entity136 and 85 mg/m2 for @entity900 . CONCLUSION: This regimen of @entity136 and @entity900 was effective, with high response and survival rates and few dosage modifications during its administration. Prospective randomized studies with other @entity900 -based combination chemotherapy regimens are indicated.

title: Weekly XXXX with monthly @entity900 : effective chemotherapy for advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['oral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: 1. @entity1 have been tested on a choice reaction time task designed to disclose interactions between stimulus complexity and @entity24882 . Tests were carried out using oral @entity5591 (1.2 mg) and @entity1338 (0.2 mg). 3. Reaction times and event related potentials were measured. 4. Both drugs slowed reaction time and the N1 component of the @entity50485 . SCOP slows RTs to easy-to-discriminate stimuli more than RTs to harder stimuli. Its effect on P3 is the same for both types of stimuli. 6. CLON tends to slow P3 latencies to easy stimuli more than P3 latencies to harder stimuli, while the @entity138 slowing is almost identical for both types of stimuli.

title: @entity1338 and @entity5591 : differences and similarities in how they change XXXX information processing.

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Several studies have linked vascular density, identified in histologic sections, to "metastatic risk." Functional information of the vasculature, not readily available from histologic sections, can be obtained with contrast-enhanced MRI to exploit for therapy or @entity3 prevention. Our aims were to determine if @entity1 @entity0 xenografts preselected for differences in invasive and metastatic characteristics established correspondingly different vascular volume and permeability, quantified here with noninvasive MRI of the intravascular contrast agent albumin-GdDTPA. Tumor vascular volume and permeability of @entity1 @entity0 xenografts were characterized using MRI. Parallel studies confirmed the invasive behavior of these cell lines. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression in the cell lines was measured using ELISA and Western blots. @entity3 to the lungs was evaluated with spontaneous as well as experimental assay. @entity3 formed vasculature with significantly higher permeability or vascular volume (P<.05, two-sided unpaired t test). The permeability profile matched @entity7 expression. Within @entity5 , regions of high vascular volume usually exhibited low permeability whereas regions of low vascular volume exhibited high permeability. We observed that although invasion was necessary, without adequate vascularization it was not sufficient for @entity3 to occur.

title: Vascular differences detected by MRI for metastatic versus nonmetastatic XXXX xenografts.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'Metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast and prostate cancer']


abstract: Rapid tranquilization is a routinely practiced method of calming agitated @entity716 @entity1 by use of neuroleptics, @entity1245 , or both in combination. Although several studies have examined the efficacy of the three approaches, none have compared these treatments in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial. Ninety-eight @entity716 , agitated, and @entity146 @entity1 (73 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 ) were prospectively enrolled during an 18-month period in emergency departments in five university or general hospitals. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive intramuscular injections of @entity2934 (2 mg), @entity1767 (5 mg), or both in combination. @entity1 in each treatment group received 1 to 6 injections of the same study drug within 12 hours, based on clinical need. They were evaluated hourly after the first injection until at least 12 hours after the last. Efficacy was assessed on the @entity146 ( @entity146 ), a @entity146 ( @entity146 ), Clinical Global impressions (CGI) scale, and an Alertness Scale. Effective symptom reduction was achieved in each treatment group with significant (P < .01) mean decreases from baseline at every hourly @entity146 evaluation. Significant (P < .05) mean differences on the @entity146 (hour 1) and @entity146 (hours 2 and 3) suggest that tranquilization was most rapid in @entity1 receiving the combination treatment. Study event incidence (side effects) did not differ significantly between treatment groups, although @entity1 receiving @entity1767 alone tended to have more @entity21 . The superior results produced by the combination treatment support the use of @entity2934 plus @entity1767 as the treatment of choice for acute @entity716 .

title: @entity1767 , @entity2934 , or both for XXXX ? A multicenter, prospective, double-blind, emergency department study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['MBPRS', 'ABS', 'aggressive', 'modified Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale', 'Agitated Behavior Scale']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic agitation', 'psychotic']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal system symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic agitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity173 @entity1 undergo surgery, but there is conflicting evidence on the relation between the timing of surgery and the outcome of treatment. There is considerable variation in the length of surgical delays between hospitals, possibly reflecting the quality of care. AIM: To examine the associations between in-hospital surgical delay and the mortality of @entity173 @entity1 from a practical quality assessment perspective. METHODS: The effects of operative delay on mortality were estimated using various statistical methods applied to observational data from 16 881 first time @entity173 @entity1 aged 65 or older from 47 hospitals (providers) in Finland in 1998-2001. RESULTS: A prolonged in-hospital operative delay was associated with a higher mortality of @entity173 @entity1 in individual level analyses, but the instrumental variable approach indicated that the individual level effect was not caused by the operative delay but by inappropriate methodological assumptions. There was extensive variation between providers in the proportion of late surgery @entity1 . Provider level analyses showed that the effects of the provider of operative delay on mortality are quite small, but there is a clear association between the proportion of late surgery @entity1 and non-optimal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: If provider level heterogeneity is not explicitly taken into account, studies of the effects of surgical delay on outcomes are prone to serious bias. The proportion of @entity1 with prolonged waiting time for surgery at the provider level seems to work as an effective evidence-based quality indicator. Providers should reduce unnecessary delays to surgery and identify more carefully @entity1 not suitable for early surgery.

title: Quality effects of operative delay on mortality in XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of @entity10445 in the treatment of developmentally disabled @entity1 with @entity4164 . DESIGN: Placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover dose-ranging study. SETTING: Outpatient facilities in 2 pediatric hospitals. @entity1 : Thirty-nine @entity1 with both @entity717 and excessive and bothersome @entity4164 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parent and investigator evaluation of change in @entity4164 and adverse effects. RESULTS: @entity10445 in doses of 0.10 mg/kg per dose is effective at controlling @entity4164 . Even at low doses, 20% of @entity1 may exhibit adverse effects severe enough to require discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10445 is effective in the control of excessive @entity4164 in @entity1 with @entity717 . Approximately 20% of @entity1 given @entity10445 may experience substantial adverse effects, enough to require discontinuation of medication. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:1214-1218.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity10445 : A double-blind, dose-ranging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disabilities']

entities_list: @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate', 'Glycopyrrolate']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['sialorrhea']

answer: @entity4164 :: (MESH:D012798,Disease) :: ['sialorrhea']


abstract: 1. The hindlimb vasoconstrictor effects of distension of the urinary bladder were studied at different levels of input from the carotid sinus baroreceptors in the @entity235 anaesthetized with a mixture of @entity4486 and @entity4774 . 2. The vascularly isolated hindlimb was perfused at constant blood flow through its femoral artery, so that a change in pressure gradient (mean femoral arterial perfusion pressure minus mean inferior vena caval pressure) indicated a similar directional change in vascular resistance. The vascularly isolated carotid sinus regions were perfused with blood at a constant pulsatile flow. 3. Raising the carotid sinus mean perfusion pressure in randomly selected steps of 30 mmHg from 60 to 210 mmHg had little effect on heart rate unless the blood pressure was controlled, when a progressive @entity1168 occurred, but caused a progressive @entity551 and vasodilatation in the perfused hindlimb. Distension of the bladder at each level of carotid sinus pressure resulted in @entity591 , @entity101 and hindlimb vasoconstriction. 4. The cardiac responses to @entity1494 were the same at all carotid sinus pressures. When the blood pressure was controlled, however, the response was @entity551 . 5. The relationship between the carotid sinus perfusion pressure and hindlimb perfusion pressure (i.e. vascular resistance) was affected by distension of the bladder in two ways. In the one, hindlimb perfusion pressure increased by approximately the same amount at all levels of carotid sinus pressure indicating resetting of the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of hindlimb vascular resistance towards vasoconstriction without change in gain of the reflex. In the other, the pressure increases were diminished at the higher levels of carotid sinus pressure indicating both resetting and an increase in gain of the reflex. 6. Both types of response occurred in the spontaneously breathing animal, in animals artificially ventilated, while pacing the heart, with the arterial blood pressure maintained constant at about 100 mmHg, and after division of the cervical vagosympathetic nerves. The frequency of occurrence of each type of response, however, varied under the different conditions. 7. The possible reasons for the two types of vascular response are discussed.

title: Effects of distension of the urinary bladder on the cardiovascular reflexes from the carotid baroreceptors in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder distension']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in arterial blood pressure', 'reduced at high and low sinus pressures']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2184 is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults and can cause @entity1018 in the affected eye and @entity204 from @entity3 , usually to the liver. The techniques currently used to detect cellular dissemination from the @entity5 are inadequate, and lack the sensitivity required for the detection of low levels of melanocytes in the peripheral blood of @entity1 . The detection of circulating melanocytes is important as an early indication of the possibility of @entity3 . METHODS: The viability of reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction amplification of the @entity11442 gene to detect circulating melanocytes was examined as a first sign of dissemination from @entity2184 . RESULTS: It was shown that it is possible to detect as few as ten circulating melanocytes in 5 ml of blood. @entity1503 was also detected in three of six @entity1 with @entity2184 examined. Two of these @entity1 had clinically confirmed widespread metastases. A positive result was also recorded in one @entity1 in whom there was no other evidence for @entity5 dissemination. Overt metastatic disease developed in this @entity1 9 months after blood collection. CONCLUSIONS: The success of this technique has important implications for the detection of circulating @entity5 cells from @entity2184 , as an early indication of dissemination. This may be important when considering the administration of adjuvant therapy.

title: Detection of melanocytes from XXXX in peripheral blood using the polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Blood-borne dissemination']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['Uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pluripotency and self renewing properties of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESC) make them a valuable tool in the fields of developmental biology, pharmacology and regenerative medicine. Therefore, there exists immense interest in devising strategies for hESC propagation and differentiation. Methods involving simulation of the native stem cell microenvironment, both chemical and physical, have received a lot of attention in recent years. Equally important is evidence that cells can also sense the mechanical properties of their microenvironment. In this study, we test the hypothesis that hESCs accept mechanical cues for differentiation from the substrate by culturing them on flexible @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) of varying stiffness. RESULTS: @entity16549 substrates were prepared using available commercial formulations and characterized for stiffness, surface properties and efficiency of cell attachment and proliferation. Across different substrate stiffness, cell numbers, cell attachment and cell surface area were found to be similar. Expression of pluripotency markers decreased with increased time in culture across all @entity16549 substrates of varying stiffness. Analysis of gene expression of differentiation markers indicates that the differentiation process becomes less stochastic with longer culture times. CONCLUSIONS: We evaluated the utility of @entity16549 substrates for stem cell propagation and substrate mediated differentiation. The stiffness affected gene expression of pluripotent and differentiation markers with results indicating that these substrate systems could potentially be used to direct hESC fate towards early mesodermal lineages. This study suggests that coupled with soluble factors, @entity16549 substrates could potentially be useful in generating defined populations of differentiated cells.

title: Effect of substrate stiffness on early XXXX embryonic stem cell differentiation.

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Sixty-one 3- to 5-year-old nursery school @entity1 participated in a study of tempera ment and stress responses to competition. Each @entity1 individually participated in a competition against a familiar adult experimenter to determine who would win enough games to receive a prize. After initially winning three games (Win Period), the @entity1 lost the next three games (Lose Period), before winning the final games and receiving the prize. Salivary @entity701 , vagal tone, affect and turn-taking behavior were measured in response to the competition and examined in relation to @entity1 temperament using a teacher-report version of the @entity1 Behavior Questionnaire. Behavioral measures indicated that the procedures were emotionally engaging and the threat of losing was aversive. Surgency (extroversion) was positively correlated with positive affect during Win periods and tense/angry affect during the Lose period of the competition. Vagal tone decreased as the @entity1 began to play against the adult and @entity1 who were more tense/angry while losing showed additional suppression of vagal tone when they began to lose the competition. Most of the @entity1 did not show a @entity701 response to the competition; however, the 15% who increased @entity701 (responses >1 SD of classroom baselines) were described by teachers as more surgent and lower in effortful control. All but one of these @entity1 who increased in @entity701 was male. @entity701 responsive @entity1 also displayed higher levels of tense/angry affect during the Lose period. Surgent, extroverted @entity1 appear to be vulnerable to competition stress.

title: XXXX and vagal tone responses to competitive challenge in preschoolers: associations with temperament.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['Cortisol']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate the demographic characteristics and clinical findings of @entity989 ( @entity989 ). METHODS: This study examined a consecutive series of 130 @entity1 with @entity989 seen over an 18-month period. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 when examined was 51 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.6:1.0. A total of 62 @entity1 were older than 50 years of age when first examined. Although the @entity1 shared some clinical and angiographic similarities, the older @entity1 had a lower mean visual acuity and were more likely to have diffuse @entity989 , @entity1621 , and secondary @entity1940 than were the younger @entity1 . With ophthalmoscopic and angiographic examination results, it was possible to differentiate @entity989 in older adults from @entity1940 . CONCLUSION: This study expands the clinical concept of @entity989 . The male-to-female ratio was much lower, and the range of ages of the @entity1 was much greater than in previous studies. Disease manifestations in older adults differed somewhat from those seen in younger adults. In older @entity1 , @entity989 can be distinguished from other exudative @entity1020 , particularly that of @entity1940 secondary to age-related @entity1020 .

title: XXXX in younger and older adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy', 'retinal pigment epitheliopathy', 'CSC']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathies', 'macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral involvement']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Central serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Self-esteem, coping strategies and perceived social support play a role in the adaptive functioning of the @entity1 being: they allow the adjustment of the subject to his/her environment. These dimensions could be protective factors regarding multiple risks associated with adolescent development, and particularly substance use. Thus our objective was twofold: to evaluate self-esteem, coping strategies and perceived social support in adolescents and young adults with a @entity835 in comparison with subjects from the general population; to establish the correspondence between these psychological dimensions and the @entity1 ' substance use pattern. METHOD: Data from 43 young @entity1 (36 males; mean age=19.6  3), consulting for their @entity835 , and 50 young adults from the general population (39 males; mean age=19.7  3.4) were included. @entity1 completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory, the Social Self-Esteem Inventory of Lawson, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation of Endler _ Parker, and the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire of Sarason. The MINI was administered to evaluate @entity835 or @entity734 ; a semi-structured clinical interview was given to determine psychoactive substance use. RESULTS: Between-group comparisons (two independent sample t-tests) showed that the @entity1 had significantly lower scores on global (P=0.002) and social (P=0.035) self-esteem, task-oriented coping (P<0.001) and both availability and satisfaction regarding perceived social support (respectively P=0.029 and P<0.001). Conversely, @entity1 had significantly higher scores on emotion-focused coping subscale (P=0.003). Logistic regressions showed that the satisfaction regarding social support and task-oriented coping scores were the more powerful to distinguish the @entity1 from the controls (respectively b=1.16, P=0.043 and b=1.06, P=0.015). Unvaried linear regression analyses revealed a negative association between the age of first @entity835 use and the avoidant-social coping score (P=0.025), and positive associations between the length of daily @entity835 use and emotion-focused coping score (P=0.028), and frequency of @entity835 use and global self-esteem scores (P=0.028). Moreover, polysubstance misuse is associated with low distraction-avoidant coping scores. No association was found between clinical scores and @entity286 and @entity167 uses variables. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity835 dependent @entity1 may present a lack in individual and interpersonal resources. This clinical study underscores the potential contribution of maladaptive coping to the development or maintenance of substance use in young adulthood.

title: [Self-esteem, coping, perceived social support and substance use in young adults with a XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis', 'cannabis abuse', 'cannabis dependence']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis dependence disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinicopathologic features, treatment, and results are reported for 95 @entity242 identified from a prospective @entity242 data base established at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) in 1982. METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 had definitive treatment of the @entity5 at MSKCC: Epithelial @entity242 were excluded. RESULTS: The local recurrence rate was 18%. Survival rates were not influenced by either the method of local treatment or the use of chemotherapy. The overall actuarial survival rate was 59% at 5 years (median, 92 months). For 25 @entity1 who had resection of pulmonary metastases, the 5-year actuarial survival rate was 43% (median, 22 months) from the time of first thoracotomy. Sex, age, @entity5 site, and histologic subtype (monophasic versus biphasic) were not significant predictors of survival rates. Regional lymph node @entity3 occurred in 3%. The incidence of distant @entity3 was 49%, with an associated 5-year survival rate of 31% (median, 33 months). @entity5 size was a highly significant prognostic feature, with 5-year survival rates of 86% for @entity1 with @entity5 smaller than 5 cm and 22% for those with @entity5 larger than 10 cm (P less than 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Improvement of treatment results for @entity242 will require effective new systemic adjuvant therapeutic strategies.

title: XXXX . Clinicopathologic features, treatment, and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'tendosynovial sarcoma', 'tendosynovial sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Tendosynovial sarcoma']


abstract: Acute @entity625 is an important cause of morbidity in many tropical countries. Classification has often been difficult, with the term tropical @entity625 used for those in whom a diagnosis could not be made. The implication that this is a distinct entity is probably incorrect, with likely causes being @entity5414 or post-infective @entity625 . This study aimed to determine the types of @entity625 found in 43 @entity1 (30 @entity1 ) presenting consecutively to the Goroka Base Hospital in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. @entity625 was diagnosed in eight @entity1 (six @entity1 ) on the basis of isolation of @entity6368 from the joint aspirate. In all cases the @entity6368 was identified by the closed culture system on @entity6353 agar, but not always by routine plating. There were no specific clinical features that identified @entity1 with a @entity5414 . The remaining 34 @entity1 had an undifferentiated @entity4932 . The pattern of @entity625 in @entity1 and @entity1 was of a lower limb pauciarticular @entity625 with a predilection for the knee and @entity3681 . A total of 30% of male @entity1 had a history of urethral discharge and 44% of all @entity1 had preceding @entity294 . @entity625 was the only feature in 59% of @entity1 and in 32% there was an associated @entity4932 . In this study most @entity1 had an @entity4932 consistent with a @entity625 or a @entity5414 due to @entity6368 . Broth inoculation of synovial fluid was the best method to isolate @entity6368 , with standard methods for gonococcal isolation failing in some @entity1 . It is recommended that the term 'tropical @entity625 ' is no longer used as it does not refer to a specific entity but consists of several known arthritides.

title: XXXX in the highlands of Papua New Guinea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['reactive arthritis', 'Arthritis', 'Gonococcal arthritis', 'arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis', 'gonococcal septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['oligoarthritis', 'enthesitis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: A pilot study to validate the use of @entity2280 + selection (Ceprate SC) of blood stem-cell collection in @entity1 with advanced @entity706 receiving myeloablative chemoradiotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 were entered onto the protocol. Thirteen of 17 @entity1 have undergone transplantation; the median age is 42.5 years (range, 33 to 51), seven of 13 are stage IVB, two stage IVA, three stage IIIB, and one stage IIB. All except two @entity1 were treated after first or subsequent relapses after receiving @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 ( @entity3726 ) chemotherapy to achieve a good partial (six of 13) or complete (seven of 13) response before stem-cell mobilization with @entity786 3 g/m2 and filgrastim 300 microg once daily. RESULTS: Eleven of 13 @entity1 had a detectable t(14;18) by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Median @entity2280 + count before selection was 2.9 x 10(6)/kg (range, 1.17 to 11.3) and after @entity2280 + selection was 1.54 x 10(6)/kg (range, 0.88 to 7.6) with a median @entity2280 + yield of 62.4% (range, 17% to 95%) and purity of 60% (range, 39.3% to 73%). Of the 11 @entity1 known to have t(14;18), 10 had PCR-detectable contamination of stem-cell harvests that became PCR negative in six of the 10 after @entity2280 + selection. Engraftment was rapid with a median day to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L of 13 days (range, 11 to 21) and platelet count greater than 20 x 10(9)/L of 14 days (range, 10 to 44). With a median follow-up duration of 15 months, three @entity1 have remained persistently PCR-positive, two of whom received PCR-positive stem cells. Two have relapsed. Of the seven @entity1 who received PCR-negative stem cells, five have had no PCR-detectable disease in posttransplant bone marrow samples. CONCLUSION: Longer follow-up duration is required to determine the significance of these findings, but we have confirmed the feasibility of @entity2280 + selected cells to deplete peripheral-blood stem cells of @entity5 cells from @entity1 undergoing high-dose therapy for @entity706 .

title: Engraftment and molecular monitoring of @entity2280 + peripheral-blood stem-cell transplants for XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: In the developing embryo, cell growth, differentiation, and migration are strictly regulated by complex signaling pathways. One of the most important cell signaling mechanisms is protein phosphorylation on @entity669 residues, which is tightly controlled by protein- @entity669 kinases and protein- @entity669 phosphatases. Here we investigated endogenous @entity10393 signaling in developing @entity3392 embryos. @entity669 phosphorylated proteins were immunoaffinity-purified from @entity3392 embryos at 3 and 5 days postfertilization and identified by multidimensional LC-MS. Among the identified proteins were @entity669 kinases, including Src family kinases, Eph receptor kinases, and focal adhesion kinases, as well as the adaptor proteins paxillin, p130Cas, and @entity55979 . We identified several known and some unknown in vivo @entity669 phosphorylation sites in these proteins. Whereas most immunoaffinity-purified proteins were detected at both developmental stages, significant differences in abundance and/or phosphorylation state were also observed. In addition, multiplex in vitro kinase assays were performed by incubating a microarray of peptide substrates with the lysates of the two developmental stages. Many of the in vivo observations were confirmed by this on-chip in vitro kinase assay. Our experiments are the first to show that global @entity669 phosphorylation-mediated signaling can be studied at endogenous levels in complex multicellular organisms.

title: Endogenous XXXX signaling in @entity3392 embryos.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

answer: @entity10393 :: (CHEBI:74956,Chemical) :: ['phosphotyrosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the bioequivalence of a generic @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) tablet (Mylan) with that of a brand-name (Lederle) product. DESIGN: A single-dose, randomized, crossover study. SETTING: Clinical Research Center (CRC) at a university hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 and @entity1 who had a diagnosis of @entity5 or @entity1569 who were at least 21 years old. METHODOLOGY: Two overnight study periods were scheduled at the CRC at least one week, but not more than two weeks apart. Each period consisted of a 10-hour fast prior to and 4 hours following oral @entity1500 15 mg administered as six 2.5-mg tablets. Blood samples were collected over 48 hours. Plasma @entity1500 concentrations were determined using an HPLC assay. Area under the curve from zero to infinity (AUC0-infinity) was calculated by the log-trapezoidal method. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (21 @entity1569 , 1 @entity694 ) aged 23-61 years completed both study periods. Mean values for peak concentration, time to peak concentration, and AUC0-infinity were 0.80 mumol/L, 1.2 hours, and 3.0 mumol.h/L, respectively, for Mylan's @entity1500 tablets and 0.81 mumol/L, 1.4 hours, 3.0 mumol.h/L, respectively, for Lederle's @entity1500 . Normalization for weight or body surface area did not affect interpatient variability. Relative bioavailability of generic @entity1500 was 99.2 percent. Rate and extent of absorption were not significantly different and the confidence intervals were within the range of 80-120 percent required by the Food and Drug Administration. CONCLUSIONS: Mylan's @entity1500 tablet is bioequivalent to Lederle's product.

title: Bioequivalence of two XXXX formulations in psoriatic and @entity5 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of disability in a wide range of life activities and identify factors associated with such disability using the Verbrugge and Jette disablement model as a framework. METHODS: Data were from a panel study of 548 individuals with @entity309 , interviewed annually by telephone. Valued life activity (VLA) disability was assessed using a 26-item scale rating difficulty in carrying out each activity. Three types of summary measure were calculated: activities unable to perform, activities affected, and mean difficulty. Subscale scores were also calculated, corresponding to obligatory, committed, and discretionary activities, as defined in the disablement model. @entity66 were examined as predictors of @entity717 using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Half the subjects were unable to do at least one VLA. Approximately 2%, 31.3%, and 40.2% were unable to do at least one obligatory, committed, and discretionary activity, respectively. Almost all (95%) reported at least one VLA affected by @entity309 ; 68.4%, 91.4%, and 92.5% reported at least one obligatory, committed, and discretionary activity, respectively, affected. @entity66 were robust predictors of @entity717 , accounting for 22-47% of the variation in @entity717 (with one exception). Adding the health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) to these models increased (p<0.0001) all model R2 values. HAQ score mediated the effects of many disease measures, consistent with the disablement model. CONCLUSION: @entity717 was common, with more disability noted in committed and discretionary than obligatory activities. Because @entity717 has been linked to psychological wellbeing in previous studies, identification of factors that may protect against such disability is important.

title: Prevalence and predictors of disability in valued life activities among individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['VLA disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Disease status measures']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to establish the most suitable algorithm to compare coronary artery @entity460 measurements performed with electron beam CT and multirow detector CT for the assessment of @entity453 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Coronary artery screening was performed in 100 @entity1 with both electron beam and multirow detector CT. The images were transferred to a dedicated workstation for determination of the @entity460 score, volume, mass, density, and number of lesions. In addition to the traditional threshold of 130 H, the score of multirow detector CT studies was reevaluated at a threshold of 90 H. Fifty-nine of the @entity1 underwent conventional coronary catheterization. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the different scoring algorithms for detection of significant @entity3979 was performed. RESULTS: The correlation between electron beam CT and multirow detector CT was high for every quantification algorithm. Determination of the score and the number of lesions with multirow detector CT revealed a systematic error of the measurement compared with electron beam CT. The areas under the curve in the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses for electron beam and multirow detector CT were similar for the score, volume, and mass, whereas they were lower for the density. No significant difference was found for the areas under the curve between scores using a 130-H and those using a 90-H threshold. CONCLUSION: Volume and mass indexes are superior to the traditional score, density, and number of lesions for comparing the results of electron beam and multirow detector CT and for determining significant @entity453 .

title: Coronary artery XXXX measurement: agreement of multirow detector and electron beam CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: In each estrous cycle dominant follicles are selected from a growing pool to develop to the preovulatory stage and to ovulate. Those follicles that do not ovulate must be eliminated in order to maintain the constant mass and homeostasis of the ovary. Granulosa cells are lost by apoptosis at the onset of follicular @entity1146 , whereas apoptotic thecal cells are identified at later stages of @entity1146 . Since transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha and @entity1810 have been implicated in the regulation of thecal cell physiology we have localized these growth factors by immunohistochemistry in sections of ovaries from 25-day-old @entity35 , an age at which the ovary exhibits a wave of @entity1146 of preantral follicles. Thecal cells contained @entity18696 and @entity1810 throughout the entire process of follicular @entity1146 . To determine if these growth factors could influence thecal cell death, thecal/interstitial cells were isolated from 25-day-old @entity35 , and maintained in culture with growth factors. Subconfluent cultures treated with @entity18696 or @entity1810 alone remained healthy whereas in the presence of both @entity18696 and @entity1810 there was light microscopical evidence of rounding up of cells and detachment from the monolayer. Chromatin condensation and internucleosomal fragmentation, characteristic of apoptosis, were observed by nucleic acid staining and fluorescence microscopy of thecal/interstitial cells treated with @entity18696 plus @entity1810 . Further evidence that these cells were undergoing apoptosis came from DNA analysis and the demonstration of DNA laddering. This response of thecal/interstitial cells to @entity18696 plus @entity1810 was density dependent; confluent cultures were protected from the induction of apoptosis under these conditions. We conclude that thecal cells are eliminated from atretic follicles by the active and strictly regulated process of involving the combined actions of @entity18696 and @entity1810 .

title: Induction of apoptosis in @entity35 thecal/interstitial cells by XXXX plus transforming growth factor beta in vitro.

answer: @entity18696 :: (24827(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']