abstract: AIM: To assess the feasibility of recruiting and retaining @entity1 newly diagnosed with a @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) into an 8-week exercise programme. METHODS: The study was a single-centre, randomised-controlled trial. @entity4905 was confirmed by a specialist @entity64 physician within 7 days of symptom onset. Following baseline assessment, @entity1 were randomised to either an 8-week exercise intervention or control group (usual care). @entity1 completed a further assessment 2 months after baseline. RESULTS: Of the 285 individuals diagnosed with @entity4905 , 97 @entity1 were invited to participate in the trial, of which 60 were successfully recruited (62%). Of those invited, 89% were identified within outpatient care. Individuals were typically of European descent (87%) and lived within 20 km of the study site (81%). Distance to travel was considered the primary barrier for @entity3257 (46%). Three @entity1 (5%) did not attend the follow-up assessment. CONCLUSION: Individuals with @entity4905 were successfully recruited and retained into a RCT. A different approach is required to study interventions in Maori, Pacific Islanders, Asian and Indian populations. If the exercise intervention improves vascular risk factors and reduces recurrent vascular events, it could be applied to a large number of @entity1 who suffer a @entity4905 or non-disabling @entity64 .

title: Health-enhancing physical activity programme (HEPAP) for transient ischaemic attack and non-disabling XXXX : recruitment and compliance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['Transient Ischaemic Attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-participation']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: A gel-electrophoretic screening for link proteins, @entity5967 ( @entity5967 ), and @entity21876 abnormalities was performed in fetuses, newborn @entity1 , and @entity1 with various types of @entity1610 . Microdissected freeze-dried sections of upper tibial growth cartilage were extracted with 4M @entity2097 in the presence of proteolysis inhibitors. After dialysis against 8M @entity1133 , the extracts were submitted to stepwise ion-exchange chromatography to separate the large proteoglycans (aggrecans) from the other components. The latter were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, electrotransferred onto nitrocellulose membranes, and reacted with specific antibodies. Control samples from individuals with apparently normal growth were analyzed in the same runs. Two link protein bands with abnormal electrophoretic migration were found in a sporadic case of @entity7126 , @entity30440 . Three link protein bands with the same migration as in the control samples were found in @entity7344 , homozygous achondroplasia, achondrogenesis type II, hypochondrogenesis, @entity2792 , @entity51985 , @entity13107 , and @entity336 . In several pathologic cases with normal electrophoretic pattern of the link proteins, small link protein fragments appeared after reduction. The gel electrophoretic pattern of @entity5967 was studied in @entity7344 , @entity336 , homozygous achondroplasia, fibrochondrogenesis, hypochondrogenesis, @entity2792 , and @entity45764 . In all these cases the pattern was the same as in the control samples. The main band of @entity21876 had a normal migration rate in fibrochondrogenesis, @entity51985 , @entity45764 , and @entity13107 . It was delayed in @entity336 .

title: Non-collagenous protein screening in the @entity1 @entity1610 : link proteins, XXXX ( @entity5967 ), and @entity21876 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7344 :: ('MESH:D013796', 'Disease') :: ['thanatophoric dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7126 :: ('MESH:C537501', 'Disease') :: ['spondylometaphyseal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity336 :: ('MESH:C536170', 'Disease') :: ['diastrophic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity51985 :: ('MESH:C535943', 'Disease') :: ['Desbuquois dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['Goldblatt syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity30440 :: ('MESH:C537510', 'Disease') :: ['Kozlowski type']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Gene') :: ['cartilage oligomeric matrix protein', 'COMP']

entities_list: @entity13107 :: ('MESH:C535819', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoachondroplasia']

entities_list: @entity45764 :: ('MESH:C537207', 'Disease') :: ['Kniest dysplasia']

answer: @entity5967 :: (1311,Gene) :: ['cartilage oligomeric matrix protein']


abstract: Pulsed magnetic technology has been developed for pelvic floor muscle strengthening for the treatment of @entity322 . This report includes an update of the prospective multicenter study of extracorporeal magnetic innervation (ExMI) therapy for @entity3142 and a discussion of the possible mechanisms of action. Issues of @entity1 selection for ExMI therapy will also be discussed. One hundred and eleven @entity1 with demonstrable stress @entity322 were studied. The mean age was 55 +/- 13 years, and the mean duration of symptoms was 11 years. Ninety-seven completed ExMI therapy and analysis. Evaluation before treatment included @entity1494 , dynamic pad weight test, urodynamics, and a quality-of-life survey. For treatment the @entity1 were seated fully clothed in a Neocontrol chair with a magnetic field therapy head in the seat. Treatment sessions were for 20 minutes, twice a week, for 6 weeks. After ExMI therapy, all of the measures were repeated at 8 weeks, including the dynamic pad weight testing and quality-of-life survey. At 6 months, further data were added, including repeat bladder diary, pad use, and quality-of-life survey. Forty-seven @entity1 completed 6 months of follow-up; of the 47, 13 @entity1 were completely dry (28%) and 25 used no pad or less than 1 pad per day (53%). Pad use was reduced in 33 @entity1 (70%). The median number of pads was reduced from 2.16 to 1 per day (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P <0.005). The frequency of leak episodes was reduced from 3.0 to 1.7 at 6 months (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = 0.004). @entity1344 was demonstrated in 10 before and 6 after ExMI (P <0.05). ExMI offers an alternative approach for the treatment of @entity322 . ExMI therapy is effective for both stress and urge @entity322 . The best results are achieved in those @entity1 who use no more than 3 pads a day and have had no prior continence surgery.

title: Update on extracorporeal magnetic innervation (EXMI) therapy for stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder diaries']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['Detrusor instability']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: @entity2932 ( @entity2933 ) and @entity1068 share several pharmacological similarities, suggesting that @entity2933 may exert @entity1068 -like effects in the central nervous system. The present study was designed to test whether selectively bred @entity1068 -preferring @entity35 would, unlike @entity1068 -nonpreferring ones, self-administer @entity2933 , consistent with their higher preference for @entity1068 . Male @entity1068 -naive Sardinian @entity167 -preferring (sP) and Sardinian alcohol-nonpreferring (sNP) @entity35 were used. In Experiment 1, @entity2933 solution (1% (w/v) in water) was initially offered as the sole fluid available for 14 consecutive days and then presented under the two-bottle, free-choice regimen, one bottle containing water and the other the @entity2933 solution, for an additional 14 consecutive days. During the free-choice phase, high preference for @entity2933 and intake of pharmacologically relevant daily doses of @entity2933 developed in both @entity35 lines, presumably because the 14-day no-choice period would unmask the reinforcing properties of @entity2933 and lead to acquisition of @entity2933 preference also in the supposedly less susceptible sNP @entity35 . In Experiment 2, the forced @entity2933 drinking phase was reduced to 3 days. Under the subsequent free-choice regimen, daily @entity2933 preference and intake were initially low in both sP and sNP @entity35 ; however, after approximately 10 days, @entity2933 preference and intake in sP @entity35 rose progressively and then stabilized to significantly higher levels than in sNP @entity35 throughout the entire free-choice phase. It is likely that episodic binges of @entity2933 intake occurring during the first 10 days resulted in experiencing the reinforcing properties of @entity2933 by sP but not sNP @entity35 . The results of the present study suggest that a) sP @entity35 are genetically more sensitive to the reinforcing effects of both @entity1068 and @entity2933 than sNP @entity35 ; and b) disclosure of the higher sensitivity of sP @entity35 to the reinforcing effects of @entity2933 is a function of the length of the induction procedure. The results are also discussed in terms of differences in @entity2933 receptors contributing to the predisposition to @entity1068 preference and avoidance, respectively.

title: @entity2932 intake in @entity1068 -preferring sP and -nonpreferring sNP XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2932 :: ('MESH:C111420', 'Chemical') :: ['Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity170 treatment rates after a @entity174 are low. This study evaluated methods to increase guideline-recommended @entity170 care postfracture. DESIGN: @entity1 were randomly assigned to usual care or one of two interventions. Analysis of primary outcomes used electronic data and linear regression. SETTING: A Pacific Northwest nonprofit health maintenance organization. @entity1 : Female @entity1 aged 50 to 89 who suffered a @entity174 in 1999 and had not received bone mineral density (BMD) measurement or medication for @entity170 (n=311) and their primary care providers (n=159). INTERVENTION: @entity1 -specific clinical guideline advice to the primary care provider delivered by electronic medical record (EMR) message or electronic reminder to the provider plus an educational letter mailed to the @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: BMD measurement and @entity170 medication. RESULTS: At 6 months, provider reminder resulted in 51.5% of @entity1 receiving BMD measurement or @entity170 medication, provider reminder plus @entity1 education resulted in 43.1%, and usual care resulted in 5.9% (P<.001). The effect of provider advice combined with @entity1 education was not significantly different from provider advice alone (P=.88). @entity1 aged 60 to 69 were 18% (95% confidence interval=3-34) more likely to receive BMD measurement or an @entity170 medication than those aged 80 to 89. CONCLUSION: @entity1 -specific postfracture advice to the provider through an EMR message significantly increased BMD measurement and @entity170 medication. As EMRs become more widespread, this intervention could improve @entity170 management for many postfracture @entity1 . Future research should identify barriers to and facilitators of care for older, high-risk @entity1 .

title: Electronic medical record reminder improves @entity170 management after a XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: @entity43 is a silent disease with few symptoms. Early detection of @entity43 is difficult. Transvaginal Doppler ultrasound with color flow imaging is a new technique in the evaluation of @entity13374 . This method was used in the diagnosis of @entity43 in 39 @entity1 who were treated in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Hospital. Wave forms of the parenchymal @entity5 arteries or @entity5 surface arteries were compared by according to the pulsatility index (PI). 1/PI was 0.69 +/- 0.04 in @entity5 and 2.33 +/- 1.36 in @entity5 (p less than 0.01). When the cutoff value of 1/PI was set at 0.8 (cutoff value of PI: 1.25), the accuracy of diagnosis was 84.6% (33/39). The accuracy of ultrasonographic pattern classification and @entity10224 were 74.4% (29/39) and 53.8% (21/39), respectively. In 18 @entity5 with low @entity10224 (less than 35 U/ml), 5 of 7 @entity5 (71.4%) had high 1/PI (greater than 0.8), and @entity5 , low 1/PI (less than 0.8) or non-detectable wave forms. This procedure should prove to be useful in the diagnosis of @entity43 .

title: [Diagnosis of XXXX by transvaginal Doppler ultrasound with color flow imaging].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'Ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecological diseases']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: This study, conducted for the UK Blood Transfusion Services (UKBTS), evaluated the clinical safety of red cells filtered through a CE-marked prion removal filter (P-Capt   ). @entity1 requiring blood transfusion for elective procedures in nine UK hospitals were entered into a non-randomized open trial to assess development of red cell antibodies to standard red cell ( @entity1358 ) or prion-filtered red cell concentrates (PF- @entity1358 ) at eight weeks and six months post-transfusion. @entity1 who received at least 1 unit of PF- @entity1358 were compared with a control cohort given @entity1358 only. About 917 PF- @entity1358 and 1336 @entity1358 units were transfused into 299 and 291 @entity1 respectively. Twenty-six new red cell antibodies were detected post-transfusion in 10 @entity1 in each arm, an overall @entity5155 rate of 4.4%. Neither the treatment arm [odds ratio (OR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3, 2.5] nor number of units transfused (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.8, 1.1) had a significant effect on the proportion of @entity1 who developed new alloantibodies. No pan-reactive antibodies or antibodies specifically against PF- @entity1358 were detected. There was no difference in transfusion reactions between arms, and no novel transfusion-related adverse events clearly attributable to PF- @entity1358 were seen. These data suggest that prion filtration of red cells does not reduce overall transfusion safety. This finding requires confirmation in large populations of transfused @entity1 .

title: Transfusion of prion-filtered red cells does not increase the rate of XXXX or transfusion reactions in @entity1 : results of the UK trial of prion-filtered versus standard red cells in surgical @entity1 (PRISM A).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5155 :: ('MESH:C536394', 'Disease') :: ['alloimmunization']

answer: @entity5155 :: (MESH:C536394,Disease) :: ['alloimmunization']


abstract: Swanson's finger implant is being widely used to improve @entity6276 and to restore function in the @entity309 . Breakage of the implant and implant @entity603 have been the most troublesome complications. The authors developed an @entity5383 ceramic finger prosthesis to lessen these complications. This prosthesis was used for the metacarpophalangeal joint in 5 cases of @entity6276 and in 21 cases (82 digits) with ulnar @entity85 . These cases were followed for 24-62 months (average, 38 months). Postoperative extension of the thumb was limited to 18 degrees and flexion was 48 degrees, on average. Postoperative range of motion was 30 degrees. The average limitation of extension of all digits was 18 degrees, and the average flexion was 54.5 degrees. The average range of motion was 36.5 degrees. @entity6276 disappeared after operation, and ulnar drift was reduced to less than 10 degrees deviation in 87.8%. No dislocation or @entity174 of the prosthesis has been found on roentgenologic examination during short-term follow-up study. This prosthesis is useful for reducing @entity6276 in the @entity309 . Postoperative extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint, however, has been unsatisfactory. The design of the prosthesis should be improved so that the rotational center of the metacarpophalangeal joint is located palmarly.

title: Alumina ceramic prosthesis arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joint in the XXXX . A 2-4-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity6276 :: ('MESH:C536903', 'Disease') :: ['flexion deformity of the thumb', 'deformity of the thumb and finger', 'Flexion deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb', 'deformity of the thumb and the finger']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['drift deformity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid hand']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid hand']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a Phase II study to evaluate the activity of the combination of @entity136 and @entity1206 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 were eligible if they had Stage IIIB ( @entity3483 ) or Stage IV @entity1149 , no prior chemotherapy, and @entity5 and @entity1778 Group B performance status (PS) 0-2. @entity1 with brain metastases were eligible if they were neurologically stable after brain irradiation. Thirty-three @entity1 from participating institutions were enrolled. One @entity1 was ineligible due to untreated brain metastases. @entity1 were treated with @entity136 1250 mg/m(2) over 30 minutes (1000 mg/m(2) for the first 6 @entity1 ) and @entity1206 25 mg/m(2) over 6 minutes, both administered intravenously on Days 1 and 8 every 21 days. Treatment was planned for a total of six cycles or more if the @entity1 had persistent benefit. Growth factors were not allowed. RESULTS: Among all 32 eligible @entity1 , there were 8 partial responses, for an overall response rate of 25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5-43. 4%). The median survival time was 8.3 months and the 1-year survival rate was 38% (95% CI, 24-59%). @entity1 with PS 0-1 had a median survival of 11.7 months and a 1-year survival rate of 48%. Grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 was observed in 13% and 25% of the 148 treatment cycles, respectively. One @entity1 died of @entity1398 . Only 2 episodes of Grade 3 and 4 @entity882 were observed. Nonhematologic @entity137 was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 and @entity1206 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 , with response and survival rates at least comparable to those achieved with standard @entity902 -based regimens. This combination may be particularly suitable for the elderly or for @entity1 who cannot tolerate more toxic @entity902 -based regimens.

title: @entity136 and XXXX in advanced @entity1149 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rituximab treatments for refractory and relapsed @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). 18 @entity1 with refractory and relapsed @entity3039 who received 22 courses of rituximab treatments from January 2007 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Rituximab was given at a dose of 375 mg/m(2) intravenously weekly for a continuous 4 weeks. The results indicated that responses were achieved in 15 of 22 (68%) courses, out of which complete responses were achieved in 10 of 22 (45%) courses, partial and minimal responses were achieved in 5 of 22 (23%) courses, and no responses were achieved in 7 of 22 (32%) courses. The median time of response was 3 weeks (1 - 17 weeks) from the start of treatment and median duration of response was 13 weeks (1 week - 42 months). The responses were mostly short-sustained and follow-up median time was 20 months (1 - 52 months). The responses of 8 @entity1 (36%) sustained for over 6 months, 6 @entity1 (27%) sustained for over 1 year, and 4 @entity1 also showed sustained response at last visit of follow-up. Previous splenectomy resulted in a poor response (P = 0.037). @entity1 who failed in rituximab treatment and prior received multiple treatments including splenectomy, had a poor response to further therapies. It is concluded that rituximab is well tolerated by @entity1 and is useful in some @entity1 with relapsed and refractory @entity3039 , however, only about 20% @entity1 can achieve sustained remissions. The @entity1 who failed in rituximab treatment has a poor response to further treatment.

title: [Clinical therapeutic efficacy of rituximab for relapsed and refractory XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of high dose etanercept (> 0.8 mg/kg, maximum 25 mg subcutaneously twice weekly) (Enbrel) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and inadequate prior response to standard dose etanercept. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 8 @entity1 (6 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 , mean age 8.4 yrs, range 5-16 yrs). Five @entity1 had systemic onset, polyarticular course @entity309 ; 2 had polyarticular onset; and one had pauciarticular onset, polyarticular course @entity309 . All @entity1 had failed at least 3 mo (mean 9 mo) treatment with standard dose etanercept (0.4 mg/kg SC twice a week). All 8 @entity1 had increase in the etanercept dose to at least 0.8 mg/kg (mean 1.1 mg/kg, maximum 25 mg SC twice weekly) for a mean of 7 mo (range 3-10 mo). Efficacy of high dose etanercept was evaluated by changes in joint count, laboratory data, and ability to decrease concomitant medication. RESULTS: Improvements in the joint count and laboratory findings (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and platelet count) were observed in 2 of 8 (25%) @entity1 . In these 2, concomitant @entity229 was reduced or discontinued. In contrast, no changes in disease activity or laboratory findings were observed in the other 6 @entity1 . Overall, high dose etanercept was well tolerated. No @entity854 were detected and no @entity1 withdrew because of adverse events. CONCLUSION: High dose etanercept is safe and well tolerated in @entity1 , but efficacy seems limited. In @entity1 with unsatisfactory response to standard dose etanercept, an increased dose or treatment prolongation may not offer any additional benefit.

title: Safety and efficacy of high dose etanercept in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An estimated 35 million Americans experience significant apprehension about dental procedures, while an additional 10 to 12 million are considered to be "dental phobic" and avoid needed dental care altogether. @entity3810 is a general anesthetic used at subanesthetic concentrations to reduce @entity148 during dental procedures. The purpose of this study was to characterize mood changes during @entity3810 inhalation in @entity1 with different levels of preoperative dental @entity148 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 who were to receive @entity3810 during a dental procedure completed two @entity148 scales. These @entity1 were categorized into three groups: low @entity148 , or LA, moderate @entity148 , or @entity2704 , and high @entity148 , or @entity15773 . They completed a visual analog scale of subjective effects before, during and after the dental procedure. RESULTS: A number of visual analog ratings, the majority of which could be considered pleasant, increased during @entity3810 administration. It is significant that this increase in pleasant mood occurred in the @entity15773 and @entity2704 groups to the same degree as it did in the LA group. @entity1 in the @entity15773 and @entity2704 groups had elevated preoperative visual analog ratings of "anxious" that were reduced during @entity3810 administration to a level equivalent to that reported by @entity1 who had low preoperative @entity148 . @entity1 in the @entity15773 group also had elevated preoperative visual analog ratings of "having unpleasant thoughts" and "feel bad" compared with the LA group. These ratings were reduced in the @entity15773 group to a level equivalent to that reported by @entity1 in the LA group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Regardless of their preoperative @entity148 , @entity1 experienced a number of mood-altering effects during @entity3810 inhalation, the majority of which could be considered pleasant. Ratings of an unpleasant nature decreased markedly in @entity1 with high @entity148 . These findings suggest that @entity3810 may be an effective therapy in reducing @entity1 @entity148 during dental procedures.

title: Preoperative dental XXXX and mood changes during @entity3810 inhalation.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety level', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide', 'Nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous needle aspiration procedures in the setting of suspected spontaneous @entity1512 and to assess the usefulness of concurrent cytologic examination as a supplement to microbiologic evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate 105 consecutive CT-guided percutaneous disk space aspiration procedures in 92 @entity1 suspected of having spontaneous (non-postoperative) @entity1512 . Our criterion standard for the presence of active infection was the identification of a pathogen either from the CT-guided aspiration specimen or from a surgical specimen. All cases had microbiologic analysis, 78 cases had cytopathologic analysis, and 31 cases had open surgery. RESULTS: Microbiologic analysis of the CT-guided percutaneous aspiration specimens was positive in 39 of 43 cases proved to have active @entity281 , with four false-negative and no false-positive cases (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 100%). The false-negative cases were all active @entity364 identified from surgical specimens. Adding cytopathologic analysis to microbiologic analysis improved sensitivity but reduced specificity. The most common pathogens were species of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Candida, and @entity4507 . All 30 active @entity2348 were identified with the CT-guided procedures, but only five of nine @entity364 were identified. CONCLUSION: CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration is an accurate method for identifying active bacterial disk space @entity281 but is less reliable for identifying @entity364 .

title: Diagnostic yield of CT-guided percutaneous aspiration procedures in suspected spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4507 :: ('MESH:D009164', 'Disease') :: ['Mycobacterium']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diskitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['infectious diskitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of push enteroscopy to evaluate @entity1 with obscure @entity360 has increased in recent years, and diagnostic yield has been reported to be 50% to 65%. This yield may be an overestimate of accuracy, as some lesions found during enteroscopy are within reach of a standard endoscope. METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1 underwent push enteroscopy for obscure @entity360 . There were 58 @entity1 and 37 @entity1 with a mean age of 67 years (range 32 to 93 years). Diagnostic yield and @entity1 outcome were assessed. RESULTS: A suspected source of @entity548 was found in 39 of 95 @entity1 (16 of these @entity1 had endoscopic treatment of their lesions). @entity66 (at or above the main @entity9317 ) accounted for 25 of 39 sources (64%), including Cameron @entity1066 and @entity2758 of the stomach/proximal duodenum. Distal lesions accounted for 14 of 39 sources (36%) with @entity2758 (n=0) being most common. @entity1 who underwent some form of treatment (medical, surgical, or endoscopic) because of an enteroscopic finding had a statistically better outcome than @entity1 without a lesion (73% vs. 47%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Push enteroscopy identified a presumed @entity548 source in 41 % of @entity1 with obscure @entity360 . However, 64% were within reach of a standard endoscope. Repeat standard endoscopy should be considered before push enteroscopy for obscure @entity360 , and during enteroscopy meticulous attention should be given to the proximal gastrointestinal tract in addition to the distal duodenum and jejunum.

title: Push enteroscopy for obscure XXXX yields a high incidence of proximal lesions within reach of a standard endoscope.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Proximal lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal papilla']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: Ventricular pacing leads to a dilated @entity121 in which cell @entity204 and myocyte @entity1184 predominate. Because @entity7774 II (Ang II) stimulates myocyte growth and triggers apoptosis, we tested whether @entity235 myocytes express the components of the @entity1122 - @entity7774 system (RAS) and whether the local RAS is upregulated with @entity712 . @entity22089 modulates transcription of angiotensinogen (Aogen) and @entity1129 (1) receptors in myocytes, raising the possibility that enhanced @entity22089 function in the decompensated heart potentiates Ang II synthesis and Ang II-mediated responses. Therefore, the presence of mRNA transcripts for Aogen, @entity1122 , @entity7774 -converting enzyme, chymase, and @entity1129 (1) and @entity1129 (2) receptors was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in myocytes. Changes in the protein expression of these genes were then determined by Western blot in myocytes from control @entity235 and @entity235 affected by @entity712 . @entity22089 binding to the promoter of Aogen and @entity1129 (1) receptor was also determined. Ang II in myocytes was measured by ELISA and by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Myocytes expressed mRNAs for all the constituents of RAS, and @entity712 was characterized by increased @entity22089 DNA binding to Aogen and @entity1129 (1). Additionally, protein levels of Aogen, @entity1122 , @entity19664 , @entity7774 -converting enzyme, and @entity1129 (1) were markedly increased in paced myocytes. Conversely, chymase and @entity1129 (2) proteins were not altered. Ang II quantity and labeling of myocytes increased significantly with @entity299 . In conclusion, @entity235 myocytes synthesize Ang II, and activation of @entity22089 function with ventricular pacing upregulates the myocyte RAS and the generation and secretion of Ang II. Ang II may promote myocyte growth and @entity204 , contributing to the development of @entity712 .

title: @entity235 ventricular myocytes possess a @entity1122 - @entity7774 system that is upregulated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac decompensation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of unbound and total plasma @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) concentrations following simultaneous administration of intravenous and oral formulations. We tested the hypothesis that age-related alterations in physiology and @entity1 characteristics influence @entity2050 disposition and protein binding. @entity1 (n   =   113) on maintenance therapy received a 100   mg dose of a novel, intravenous, stable-labeled (SL) @entity2050 formulation as partial replacement of their morning @entity2050 dose. A two-compartment model described unbound and total SL- @entity2050 data. The stable-labeled intravenous dosing methodology enabled the estimation of the @entity2050 clearance (CL) and volumes of distribution. The CL of @entity2050 was dependent on race through the model equation unbound CL (L/hour)   =   11.2       (1.30)(Race); where Race   =   1 for Caucasian, 0 for African American. Total body weight explained 57% and 70% of the interindividual variability in the central and peripheral volumes of distribution, respectively. Age, sex, smoking, plasma albumin, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentrations had no effect on CL, binding or volumes of distribution. The model was evaluated via bootstrap and predictive check. Results may support race specific dosing for @entity2050 where an average African-American individual would receive 70% of the standard dose prescribed for the Caucasian @entity1 .

title: Population pharmacokinetics of unbound and total drug concentrations following intravenously administered XXXX in elderly and younger adult @entity1 with epilepsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity86 has been reported to be more common after total thyroidectomy (TT) for @entity2743 than after TT for @entity53443 (MNG). The reasons for this potential association are not clear. In the present study, the frequency and risk factors of hypocalcaemia after TT for Graves' vs MNG were compared. METHODS: Between January 1999 and October 2009, @entity1 with first-time surgery for @entity2743 or @entity17152 treated with a TT were included in the study. @entity86 was defined by symptoms, @entity460 levels and treatment with @entity460 and/or @entity560 analogues during postoperative hospital stay, at discharge, and at the 6-week and 6-month follow-ups. Outcomes were compared with Mann-Whitney, chi(2) and Fishers' exact test where appropriate and by multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 128 @entity1 with @entity2743 and 81 @entity1 with MNG. @entity1 with @entity2743 were younger than @entity1 with MNG (median age, 35 vs 51 years, p   <   0.001). Symptoms of hypocalcaemia were more common in @entity1 with @entity2743 (p   <   0.001; OR, 95 % CI 3.26, 1.48-7.14), but the frequency of biochemical hypocalcaemia, postoperative levels of @entity461 ( @entity461 ) and treatment with @entity460 and @entity560 did not differ between groups of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Apart from more frequent symptoms of hypocalcaemia in @entity1 with @entity2743 , there was no difference in the overall frequency of biochemical hypocalcaemia, low levels of @entity461 and/or treatment with @entity460 and @entity560 .

title: Hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy for XXXX and for @entity53443 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative hypocalcaemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity53443 :: ('MESH:C565260', 'Disease') :: ['benign atoxic multinodular goitre']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: Several metastasizing @entity19 and @entity1 animal models for @entity263 are available. However, these models are @entity342 -independent and lack differentiated features such as @entity342 receptor and @entity342 -regulated gene expression like prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The objective of this study was to develop a metastasizing @entity263 model with differentiated features using the @entity1 LNCaP cell line. Athymic and @entity915 @entity19 were injected either s.c. or intraprostatically with 1 x 10(6) LNCaP cells. Changes in serum and @entity5 PSA mRNA levels were determined before and after castration to assess time to @entity342 -independent progression. Local @entity5 and metastatic growth was assessed at sacrifice after 12 weeks. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect circulating LNCaP cells. @entity5 incidence after s.c. injection was 100% (65 of 65) in @entity915 @entity19 and 80% in athymic @entity19 . No lymph node or distant @entity3 were observed with s.c. @entity5 , and RT-PCR for PSA transcripts was negative. Primary @entity5 incidence after intraprostatic injection was 89% (39 of 44) in @entity915 @entity19 and 60% in athymic @entity19 . In 10 @entity915 @entity19 with @entity5 followed for 12 weeks, retroperitoneal or mediastinal lymph node @entity3 were found in 100%, and microscopic pulmonary @entity3 were identified in 40%. RT-PCR for PSA transcripts was positive in 3 of 10 mice tested. Serum PSA levels in @entity19 with s.c. and @entity5 decreased by 65% to nadir levels at 7 and 4 days after castration, respectively. Serum PSA and @entity5 PSA mRNA levels increased to precastration levels earlier in @entity915 @entity19 with @entity5 compared to those with s.c. @entity5 . Intraprostatic injection of LNCaP cells in @entity915 @entity19 provides a useful animal model to investigate mechanisms of @entity3 and to evaluate therapies targeted toward inhibiting the metastatic cascade.

title: A metastatic and @entity342 -sensitive @entity1 @entity263 model using intraprostatic inoculation of LNCaP cells in @entity915 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'LNCaP tumor', 'primary tumors', 'intraprostatic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The sole focus of models of insight on bio-medical perspectives to the complete exclusion of local, non-medical and cultural constructs mandates review. This study attempted to investigate the impact of insight, psychopathology, explanatory models of @entity221 on outcome of first episode @entity161 . METHOD: @entity1 diagnosed to have DSM IV @entity161 (n   =   131) were assessed prospectively for insight, psychopathology, explanatory models of @entity221 at baseline, 6, 12 and 60 months using standard instruments. Multiple linear and logistic regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to assess predictors of outcome. RESULTS: We could follow up 95 (72.5%) @entity1 . Sixty-five of these @entity1 (68.4%) achieved remission. There was a negative relationship between @entity716 rating and insight scores. Urban residence, fluctuating course of the @entity221 , and improvement in global functioning at 6 months and lower @entity716 rating at 12 months were significantly related to remission at 5 years. Insight scores, number of non-medical explanatory models and individual explanatory models held during the later course of the @entity221 were significantly associated with outcome. Analysis of longitudinal data using GEE showed that @entity1 , rural residence, insight scores and number of non-medical explanatory models of @entity221 held were significantly associated with BPRS scores during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Insight, the disease model and the number of non-medical model positively correlated with improvement in @entity716 arguing for a complex interaction between the culture, context and @entity221 variables. These finding argue that insight and explanatory models are secondary to psychopathology, course and outcome of the @entity221 . The awareness of @entity1032 is a narrative act in which @entity1 make personal sense of the many challenges they face. The course and outcome of the @entity221 , cultural context, acceptable cultural explanations and the prevalent social stigma interact to produce a complex and multifaceted understanding of the issues. This complexity calls for a nuanced framing of insight.

title: Insight, psychopathology, explanatory models and outcome of XXXX in India: a prospective 5-year cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['illness', 'initial illness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 . Moreover, the relation between the risk of @entity1778 and the amount of drug given and the interaction of chemotherapy with radiotherapy have not been described in detail. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in a cohort of 82,700 @entity1 given a diagnosis of @entity0 from 1973 to 1985 in five areas of the United States. Detailed information about therapy was obtained for 90 @entity1 with @entity1778 and 264 matched controls. The dose of radiation to the active marrow was estimated from individual radiotherapy records (mean dose, 7.5 Gy). RESULTS: The risk of @entity3052 was significantly increased after regional radiotherapy alone (relative risk, 2.4), alkylating agents alone (relative risk, 10.0), and combined radiation and drug therapy (relative risk, 17.4). Dose-dependent risks were observed after radiotherapy and treatment with melphalan and @entity786 . Melphalan was 10 times more leukemogenic than @entity786 (relative risk, 31.4 vs. 3.1). There was little increase in the risk associated with total @entity786 doses of less than 20,000 mg. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1778 occurs in few @entity1 with @entity0 , significantly elevated risks were linked to treatments with regional radiation and alkylating agents. Melphalan is a more potent leukemogen than @entity786 or radiotherapy. Low risks were associated with the levels of @entity786 in common use today. Systemic drug therapy combined with radiotherapy that delivers high doses to the marrow appears to enhance the risk of @entity1778 .

title: Risk of @entity1778 after chemotherapy and radiation treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features and evaluate the surgical results of @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) with @entity1513 . METHODS: Four hundred and thirteen @entity1615 @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed between January 2001 and January 2007. Among them, 10 @entity1 had @entity1513 , including 2 males and 8 females. The average age at surgery was 14.3 years old. There were 3 PUMC type IIb2, 4 PUMC IIc3, 1 PUMCIId2, 2 PUMC IIIb. Eight @entity1 underwent posterior correction and spinal fusion with instrumentation, 2 @entity1 underwent anterior release, posterior correction and spinal fusion with instrumentation. By reviewing the roentgenograms of @entity1 , the curve type, Cobb angle, flexibility, @entity717 and translation, coronal and sagittal trunk shift and @entity1513 were measured and analyzed. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 had double curves and 2 @entity1 had triple curves. Among them, the Cobb angles of thoracolumbar or lumbar curve were larger than 45 degrees in 7 @entity1 , the flexibility index was less than 70% in 6 @entity1 , the apical @entity717 was larger than II degrees in 9 @entity1 and the apical vertebral translation was larger than 2 cm in all @entity1 . All the surgical treatment strategy and fusion level followed the criteria of PUMC classification. The coronal Cobb angles of thoracic curve before and after surgery were 71.7 degrees and 37.4 degrees respectively, and the average correction rate was 47.8%. The coronal Cobb angles of thoracolumbar or lumbar curve before and after surgery were 65.0 degrees and 27.8 degrees respectively, and the average correction rate was 57.2%. The Cobb angles of @entity1513 before and after surgery were 35.5 degrees and 4.2 degrees respectively, and the average correction rate was 88.2%. No trunk decompensation was noted at final follow-up. All @entity1 were followed-up from 12 to 72 months; the average follow up was 23.1 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1615 @entity1 with @entity1513 usually have double or triple curves. In these @entity1 , thoracolumbar curves or lumbar curves are severe and have obvious @entity85 . Thoracolumbar curve or lumbar curve should be fused in @entity2112 @entity1 with @entity1513 to avoid trunk decompensation or junctional @entity1513 . By using criteria of PUMC classification, these @entity1 can be well identified and corresponding fusion level can be followed as well.

title: [Clinical features of @entity1615 with XXXX and its surgical treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracolumbar kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral rotation', 'apical rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['rotatory deformity']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['thoracolumbar kyphosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Activation of p125 focal adhesion kinase by @entity8586 (CCK)-8 has recently been demonstrated in pancreatic acinar cells. The purpose of this study is to examine downstream events of this kinase. METHODS: Activation of p125 focal adhesion kinase in freshly isolated @entity35 pancreatic acinar cells was determined by Western blot analysis. Actin cytoskeletal changes were visualized on TRITC- @entity6286 -stained cryosections. Amylase release was measured by colorimetric assay. RESULTS: CCK-8 caused dose-dependent activation of p125 focal adhesion kinase. Time-course analysis showed rapid activation with maximum between 5 and 10 min and stimulation still detectable after 60 min. Preincubation with 2 microM cytochalasin D specifically inhibited p125 focal adhesion kinase, but not p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase or increases in intracellular @entity460 concentrations. The actin cytoskeleton showed rapid reorganization after stimulation, with an initial increase in fluorescence followed by a decline after 30 min. Preincubation with cytochalasin D prevented cytoskeletal changes. Amylase release at concentrations up to 0.1 nM CCK-8 was not influenced by cytochalasin D. In contrast, supramaximal inhibition of amylase release was less pronounced after @entity11119 incubation. CONCLUSION: p125 focal adhesion kinase in acinar cells appears to be part of a signalling pathway leading to changes in cellular morphology via the actin cytoskeleton. Maximal activation of this signalling pathway might participate in supramaximal inhibition of enzyme secretion.

title: Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by p125 focal adhesion kinase in XXXX pancreatic acinar cells.

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity11119 :: ('MESH:D015638', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin D']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Progressive disease is the major cause of treatment failure after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed or @entity1893 . An augmented high-dose regimen of @entity786 7,200 mg/m2, @entity3600 300 - 400 mg/m2, and @entity2879 2,400 mg/m2 (CBV) was developed in an attempt to improve disease control post-transplant. Sixty-seven adult @entity1 received augmented CBV followed by infusion of unpurged autologous peripheral blood stem cells. Thirty seven @entity1 had relapsed after standard chemotherapy, 28 @entity1 had primary refractory disease, and 2 @entity1 had @entity706 in first partial response. Treatment-related mortality was 4%. Actuarial four year overall survival and progression-free survival were 46+/-8% and 36+/-6%, respectively. Risk factors for disease progression were histologic involvement of marrow by @entity706 and infusion of increased numbers of @entity2280 + cells per kg in the stem cell autograft. The outcome for @entity1 with relatively @entity66 (defined as 25 - 49% reduction in @entity5 volume after salvage chemotherapy) was no different than that for @entity1 with chemosensitive disease. Compared to standard high-dose CBV regimens, augmented CBV does not appear to have substantially improved disease control. Prospective study of the association between inferior progression-free survival and infusion of higher @entity2280 + cell doses in stem cell autografts is warranted.

title: Augmented high-dose regimen of @entity786 , @entity3600 , and @entity2879 with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['chemorefractory disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'transformed lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 from @entity4309 / @entity14 (Lynch/HNPCC) families have an increased lifetime risk of developing @entity43 . This study models a comparison of management strategies for @entity1 who carry a Lynch/HNPCC mutation. METHODS: A decision analytic model with three arms was designed to compare annual gynecologic examinations with annual screening (ultrasonography, endometrial biopsy, @entity10224 ) and with hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy at age 30 years The existing literature was searched for studies on the accuracy of @entity43 screening using endometrial biopsy, transvaginal ultrasonography, and serum @entity10224 . The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database from 1988 to 2001 was used to estimate @entity5 mortality outcomes. RESULTS: In the surgical arm, 0.0056% of @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity43 and 0.0060% of @entity1 with @entity1204 . These numbers increased to 3.7% and 18.4% in @entity1 being screened, and 8.3% and 48.7% in @entity1 undergoing annual examinations, respectively. Surgical management led to the longest expected survival time at 79.98 years, followed by screening at 79.31 years, and annual examinations at 77.41 years. If starting at age 30 and discounting life years at 3%, surgery still leads to the greatest expected life years. When comparing prophylactic surgery with the screening option, one would need to perform 75 surgeries to save one @entity1 's entire life. For @entity5 prevention, however, only 28 and 6 prophylactic surgeries would need to be performed to prevent one case of @entity43 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Risk-reducing hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy may be considered in @entity1 with Lynch/HNPCC to prevent gynecologic @entity5 and their associated morbidities.

title: @entity5 prevention in XXXX / @entity14 families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial and ovarian cancer', 'ovarian and endometrial cancer', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: The voltage gated @entity1372 channel (VGSC) blocker @entity2812 (LTG), when administered during kindling acquisition, leads to the development of resistance to LTG. The present study aimed to assess whether LTG-resistant amygdala-kindled @entity35 display subsequent resistance to the VGSC blocker @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) and the broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ). Two groups of male @entity35 received either 0.5% methylcellulose (MC) or LTG (5mg/kg, i.p.) 1h before each amygdala kindling stimulation. Treatments were stopped once both the groups were fully kindled. Two days later, both groups were challenged with a higher dose of LTG (15mg/kg, i.p.) to verify LTG-resistance in the experimental group (i.e., LTG-pretreated @entity35 ). The efficacy of @entity2050 and @entity2052 was then evaluated in both groups. A higher dose of LTG blocked fully kindled @entity410 in the vehicle-treated @entity35 but not @entity410 in the LTG-treated group. The mean @entity410 score, of the control group (1.2  0.3) was significantly lower (P<.05) than that of the LTG-treated population (3.5  0.7; n=8). A lower percent of the population in the control group was observed to display a generalized stage 4-5 @entity410 compared to the experimental group (i.e., those that received LTG during kindling acquisition) (28.5% vs. 62%, respectively). Interestingly, @entity2050 (10, 20, and 40mg/kg) displayed a dose-dependent anticonvulsant effect in the vehicle-kindled group, but was less effective in LTG-treated animals. In contrast, @entity2052 (300mg/kg) effectively blocked the behavioral @entity410 and decreased the afterdischarge duration (ADD) in both vehicle and LTG groups. These findings suggest that the LTG-resistant, amygdala-kindled @entity35 may represent a novel model of pharmacoresistant @entity302 .

title: @entity2049 , but not @entity1092 , displays pharmacoresistance in XXXX -resistant amygdala kindled @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['lamotrigine']


abstract: Childhood @entity2743 is an uncommon condition. To investigate the effect of @entity2743 on the growth of @entity1 and to detect possible influence of the disease on their final height, 105 Chinese @entity1 (90 @entity1 ; 15 @entity1 ) with @entity2743 were studied longitudinally from diagnosis. At presentation their mean age was 11. 57 years. Their height and weight measurements were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS) using normal height and weight-for-height reference standards for Chinese @entity1 established in Hong Kong. Their mean height SDS at diagnosis was +0. 73. Bone age assessment at diagnosis was done in 48 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 and their mean +/- S.D. bone development quotient was 1.16 +/- 0.11. A total of 53 @entity1 have reached adult height and their mean height was 161.3 cm, corresponding to a @entity214 of +0.63. Their final heights significantly exceeded their target heights. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity1 with @entity2743 were tall for age and their bone ages were advanced at presentation. They continued to be tall for age after starting treatment and they achieved final heights exceeding their target height.

title: Growth in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We determined whether the vascular effects of @entity53 depend on the route of administration by comparing the effects of oral @entity53 and transdermal placebo, transdermal @entity53 and oral placebo, and transdermal placebo and oral placebo on in vivo endothelial function in 27 postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Endothelial function was assessed from blood flow responses to intrabrachial artery infusions of endothelium-dependent (7.5 and 15 microgram/min @entity934 ) and endothelium-independent (3 and 10 microgram/min of @entity1854 ) vasodilators at 0, 2, and 12 weeks. In the oral @entity53 group, the increase in flow above basal during infusion of the low dose of @entity934 at 0, 2, and 12 weeks averaged 6.0+/-0.8, 6.9+/-0.8, and 11.3+/-1.2 (P<0.01 versus 0 and 2 weeks) mL. dL(-1). min(-1) at 0, 2, and 12 weeks. The percentage increases versus 0 weeks averaged 21+/-14% at 2 and 120+/-34% at 12 weeks. During the high-dose @entity934 infusion, the increase in flow above basal averaged 8.6+/-1.3, 10.2+/-1.5, and 15.1+/-1.8 (P<0.05 versus 0 weeks) mL. dL(-1). min(-1), respectively. The percentage increases versus 0 weeks averaged 22+/-10% at 2 weeks and 119+/-46% at 12 weeks. In the oral @entity53 group, endothelium-independent vasodilatation also improved significantly, but less markedly than endothelium-dependent responses. In the transdermal and placebo groups, all vascular responses remained unchanged. Oral but not transdermal @entity53 also induced significant decreases in LDL @entity165 and Lp(a) concentrations and an increase in HDL @entity165 within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that oral but not transdermal @entity53 induces potentially antiatherogenic changes in in vivo endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and lipid concentrations.

title: Differential effects of oral and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on endothelial function in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe anatomic features pertinent to @entity1 selection and graft design for @entity439 management (TEAM) of the infrarenal aorta using computed tomographic (CT) angiography. METHODS: A prospective noncomparative analysis of 102 spiral CT scans of the abdominal aorta of @entity1 with @entity1028 was performed. From the original CT data set, slices were reconstructed perpendicular to the @entity6520 (central lumen line) at a 10 mm interval. In these reconstructed slices, diameter measurements were performed. Vessel length was measured along the central lumen line. In each @entity1 possibilities for TEAM were analyzed. RESULTS: Because of technical reasons, 36 scans were excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 66 @entity1 , 18 could potentially be treated with a bifurcated endovascular device. The infrarenal aortic diameter-to-iliac artery diameter ratio was less than 2 in most @entity1 . The vessel segments judged to be adequate for endovascular graft anchoring had a noncylindrical shape in the majority of cases. CONCLUSION: Only a minority of @entity1 with @entity1028 can at this stage be treated with an endovascular graft. The ideal endovascular graft should be a combination of rigid and flexible components. The proximal and distal attachment systems should have some flexibility with an intrinsic maximum diameter while the midsection of the graft can be relatively rigid.

title: Computed tomographic angiographic imaging of @entity1028 : implications for XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['transfemoral endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['vessel axis']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['transfemoral endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: The constellation of chronic cough, @entity1353 , and hemoptysis can include a broad range of differential diagnoses. Although uncommon, @entity55 ( @entity55 ) should be considered when @entity1 present with this symptom complex. We report a case of a 72-year-old female who presented with hemoptysis, cough, and @entity1353 . The admission computed tomography scan of the chest revealed progressive interstitial infiltrates. Bronchoscopy revealed diffuse erythema without @entity548 . Culture and cytology of lavage fluid were negative. Open-lung biopsy revealed numerous lipid-laden macrophages and multinucleated foreign-body giant cells. On further questioning, the @entity1 admitted to the daily use of mineral oil for @entity1142 . The diagnosis of @entity55 was made. The literature review revealed that many cases typically present with chronic cough with or without @entity1353 . Our case illustrates an unusual presenting symptom of hemoptysis and the need to identify @entity1 who can be at risk of developing this rare condition.

title: Not your typical @entity55 : a case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['ELP', 'exogenous lipoid pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['exogenous lipoid pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anatomical location of the reentry circuit in @entity1855 -sensitive @entity591 originating from the vicinity of atrioventricular node (V- @entity1129 ) is not well clarified. OBJECTIVE: To define the reentry circuit of V- @entity1129 . METHODS: In 17 @entity1 with V- @entity1129 , rapid atrial pacing at a rate 5 beats/min faster than the @entity591 rate was delivered from multiple sites of the @entity13678 ( @entity13678 ) during @entity591 to define the direction of the proximity of the slow conduction area of the reentry circuit. After identification of manifest entrainment and orthodromic capture of the earliest atrial activation site (EAAS), radiofrequency energy was delivered starting at a site 2 cm away from the EAAS in the direction of the pacing site. Radiofrequency energy application site was then gradually advanced toward EAAS until the termination of @entity591 to define the entrance of the slow conduction area. RESULTS: The EAAS was orthodromically captured by pacing delivered from one of the high anterolateral @entity13678 (n = 6), high posteroseptal @entity13678 (n = 9), and @entity13678 appendage (n = 2). Radiofrequency energy delivery to the site, 10.1    2.8 mm away from the EAAS, terminated V- @entity1129 immediately after the onset of delivery (2.9    1.0 seconds). The successful ablation site located outside the Koch's triangle, being more distant from the His bundle site than the EAAS (12.4    2.9 vs 6.4    1.9 mm; P <.0001). CONCLUSION: The reentry circuit of V- @entity1129 located outside the Koch's triangle. V- @entity1129 was eliminated by the radiofrequency energy delivered to the entrance of the reentry circuit, which was more distant from the His bundle site than the EAAS, under the navigation of entrainment.

title: Demonstration of anatomical reentrant XXXX circuit in @entity1855 -sensitive @entity591 originating from the vicinity of the atrioventricular node.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['right atrium', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present the long-term results of a new modification of endoscopic treatment of @entity3025 involving concomitant injection of autologous blood following the standard hydrodistention injection technique to prevent bulking agent leakage immediately after the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 341 @entity1 underwent endoscopic implantation of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid for @entity3025 . A subset of 171 @entity1 underwent hydrodistention autologous blood injection, while 170 underwent classic hydrodistention injection. Frequency of symptomatic @entity293 after endoscopic treatment was recorded. Success was defined as absence of @entity3025 on postoperative voiding cystourethrography. RESULTS: A total of 523 ureters in 214 @entity1 and 127 @entity1 were treated. In @entity1 undergoing hydrodistention autologous blood injection mean age was 39.48 months, mean maximal reflux grade was 3.02 and success rate was 93.6% after the first injection (98.0% in @entity1 with grade II, 92.1% with grade III, 93.3% with grade IV and 85.7% with grade V reflux). In @entity1 who underwent classic hydrodistention injection mean age was 36.12 months, mean maximal reflux grade 3.05 and success rate was 81.8% after the first injection (91.5% in @entity1 with grade II, 89.4% with grade III, 74.4% with grade IV and 44.4% with grade V reflux). The success rate was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in @entity1 undergoing hydrodistention autologous blood injection vs classic hydrodistention injection. Of the @entity1 1.7% in the hydrodistention autologous blood injection group and 2.9% in the classic hydrodistention injection group reported symptomatic @entity293 during followup. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate injection of autologous blood following dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection to create a blood clot and barricade against bulking agent leakage is more effective than pure dextranomer/hyaluronic acid implantation. This novel modification stabilizes the subureteral implant mount and may affect the antireflux outcome.

title: Usefulness of concomitant autologous blood and dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection to correct XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']


abstract: PURPOSE: Disequilibrium between oxidative stress and antioxidant levels has been proposed as an important case of exudative @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). The aim of the present study was to investigate @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) level and antioxidant @entity533 ( @entity533 ) activity within its phenotypes together with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) levels in the @entity1 with exudative @entity1020 . METHODS: Serum @entity533 activity and plasma @entity5784 and OX-LDL levels were analyzed in 45 exudative @entity1020 @entity1 and compared with 45 healthy controls. @entity533 activity was measured in serum using @entity11093 and @entity30670 as substrates. The @entity533 phenotype was determined using double-substrate method. @entity1255 and OX-LDL levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: The distribution of @entity533 phenotypes was significantly different between the @entity1 with exudative @entity1020 and control subjects (chi-square = 6.17, P = 0.01). @entity5066 phenotype with low activity was significantly more frequent in exudative @entity1020 @entity1 compared with healthy subjects (62.2% vs. 35.6%, respectively). Other phenotype frequencies in the @entity1 compared with controls were as @entity12440 phenotype (intermediate activity) 28.9% versus 46.7% and BB phenotype (high activity) 8.9% versus 17.8%, respectively. Except in BB phenotype (P = 0.2), @entity1 with @entity5066 and @entity12440 phenotypes had higher plasma @entity5784 levels in comparison to those of controls (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). The mean OX-LDL levels, in all 3 phenotypes (P < 0.05), and OX-LDL/high-density lipoprotein ratio, in @entity5066 and @entity12440 phenotypes (P = 0.001, P = 0.1, respectively) but not in BB (P = 0.1), were significantly higher in the @entity1 than controls. No significant differences in comparison of @entity5784 and OX-LDL levels between 3 @entity533 phenotypes in both control (P = 0.6 for @entity5784 , P = 0.7 for OX-LDL) and @entity1 (P = 0.8 for @entity5784 , P = 0.6 for OX-LDL) were found CONCLUSION: Increased plasma OX-LDL levels and ratios of OX-LDL/high-density lipoprotein, as biomarkers of lipoprotein oxidative stress, higher levels of @entity5784 , as oxidant agent, and more common low or intermediate @entity533 activity in @entity1 with exudative @entity1020 , compared with controls, indicate that @entity533 activity is insufficient to explain the increased oxidative stress observed in exudative @entity1020 .

title: Serum paraoxonase phenotype distribution in exudative @entity1020 and its relationship to XXXX and oxidized low-density lipoprotein.

entities_list: @entity533 :: ('5444', 'Gene') :: ['Paraoxonase 1', 'paraoxonase 1', 'PON1']

entities_list: @entity30670 :: ('MESH:C025136|MESH:C570634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylacetate']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the aesthetic and clinical outcomes following rhinoplasty using @entity1844 , which is considered the best graft material for rhinoplasty requiring major reconstruction. Few studies have examined outcomes following rhinoplasty using @entity1844 . METHODS: A retrospective review of the data from 108 @entity1 who underwent rhinoplasty using @entity1844 between April 2006 to May 2011. The study population consisted of 81 male and 27 female @entity1 (mean age, 33.0 years). Each @entity1 self-assessed their aesthetic outcomes for subjective satisfaction, and 2 independent surgeons assessed aesthetic outcomes from photographs. Associated complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity1 self-assessment showed that 73 @entity1 were satisfied; 16 @entity1 stated that they felt better than they did preoperatively; and 19 @entity1 were dissatisfied. The independent surgeons judged that 43 @entity1 had excellent outcomes, 37 @entity1 had good outcomes, 24 @entity1 had fair outcomes, and 4 @entity1 had poor outcomes. There were 13 donor site complications: 9 seromas, 1 pneumothorax, 2 keloid formations, and 1 persistent @entity158 . There were 19 recipient site complications: 9 infections, 5 resorptions, 2 visible graft contours, 2 graft fractures, and 1 warping. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity1844 in rhinoplasty was found to be associated with a relatively high complication rate and relatively poor aesthetic outcomes. Considering our results, @entity1844 should be used with the possibility of complications in mind.

title: Outcomes following rhinoplasty using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['autologous costal cartilage']

answer: @entity1844 :: (MESH:D002357,Disease) :: ['autologous costal cartilage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heterotopic bone formation in abdominal incisions is a recognized but uncommon sequela of abdominal surgery. The condition of heterotopic bone formation in the abdominal scar may not only cause physical and/or emotional discomfort for the @entity1 but also mimic a retained foreign body or recurrence of a malignant condition. All cases of two surgeons representing a wide variety of general and thoracic surgery were reviewed, and three primary cases and one recurrent case of heterotopic bone formation in an abdominal wound were identified. These cases are compared with the cases available in the English literature to enhance the recognition, appropriate diagnosis, and treatment options available for the @entity1 with this unusual condition. METHODS: All cases for two surgeons representing a variety of general and thoracic surgery were reviewed. Three @entity1 with @entity158 @entity730 of an abdominal incision requiring excision were identified. One @entity1 had undergone an upper midline laparotomy for @entity788 and the other two had undergone median sternotomy for cardiac surgery. One of these @entity1 developed a @entity158 recurrence of @entity730 . All @entity1 were male and ranged in age from 51 to 74 years. Primary @entity730 of the upper linea alba occurred between 2 and 4 months for all @entity1 . All cases were treated with excision and primary tissue closure. The case of recurrent calcification occurred 1 1/2 months after primary closure, and was treated with re-excision and 1,200 centirads of postoperative radiotherapy to the incision area over 3 days, starting on postoperative day 1. The 2 cases of primary @entity730 successfully treated with the initial excision have been followed for 2 and 6 years respectively without recurrence. The case of recurrent @entity730 treated with re-excision and postoperative radiotherapy has been followed for 10 months without recurrence.

title: XXXX in abdominal wounds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['upper linea alba calcification', 'heterotopic calcification']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['Heterotopic calcification']


abstract: @entity1812 is thought to play a major role among the endogenous cardioprotective candidates of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). Little attention has been paid to the fact that in the tissue @entity17230 (KAL), rather than @entity1812 might be the physiological mediator of the kallikrein-kinin system. In order to evaluate the importance of one or the other peptide the release and effect of both kinins has been investigated in isolated @entity35 hearts following IPC. @entity1812 - and a KAL-like peptide were measured in the effluent of the @entity35 isolated Langendorff heart with two different specific radioimmunoassays. The @entity908 kinase activity in the effluent was judged as degree of @entity299 caused by ischaemia. During IPC, which consists of three 5 min no-flow and 5 min reperfusion cycles prior to the 30 min ischaemia, the @entity1812 level in the effluent did not change significantly (15.4-19.4 pg ml(-1)). In the control group the @entity1812 levels were 15.9-16.6 pg ml(-1). During IPC KAL-like peptide ( @entity534 (1)-, instead of Lys(1)-KAL), which has recently been verified by mass spectrometry, displays 5.8-fold higher levels in the effluent and significantly increases in the same time interval from 90.4 to 189 pg ml(-1). After 30 min ischaemia the @entity1812 levels in the IPC group were not significantly different to those of the control group (18.7 vs 14.4 pg ml(-1)). The KAL-like peptide levels in the IPC group vs the control group were 105 vs 86.1 pg ml(-1). By the 30 min ischaemia the @entity908 kinase activity in the IPC group increased from 0.367 to 8.93 U l(-1) (before and 10-30 min after ischaemia). In the control group during the same time period the @entity908 kinase levels increased from 0.277 to 34.9 U l(-1). The low increase in @entity908 kinase activity following IPC was taken as equivalent of the cardioprotective action. A KAL antibody or @entity19616 (kinin B(2)-receptor antagonist) completely abolished this beneficial effect of @entity5524 (36.6 and 53.0 U l(-1)) when added to the perfusion medium during the reperfusion cycles of IPC prior to the 30 min ischaemia. Our data suggest that in @entity35 hearts KAL-like peptide rather than @entity1812 is the physiological compound activated by IPC and acting via the cardiac kinin B(2)-receptor. Thus, endogenously generated KAL-like peptide seems to play a major role in the cardioprotection of IPC.

title: A XXXX -like peptide is a protective cardiac kinin, released by ischaemic preconditioning of @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin', 'Bradykinin']

answer: @entity17230 :: (MESH:D007609,Chemical) :: ['kallidin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the prognostic value of soluble cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) in @entity1 with @entity1459 and non-Q wave @entity583 and to compare their prognostic accuracy with that of @entity1851 (CRP). DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational study of @entity1 presenting acutely with @entity1459 and non-Q wave @entity583 to a single south Dublin hospital. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1459 and non-Q wave @entity583 had serum samples taken at presentation before initiation of antithrombotic treatment and were followed for six months. The primary end point was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (recurrent @entity1459 , non-fatal @entity583 , and @entity65 ) at six months. Concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble endothelial selectin, and soluble platelet selectin were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. CRP was measured with an immunophelometric assay. RESULTS: 91 @entity1 (73 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 , mean (SD) age 61 (11) years) were studied; 27 @entity1 (30%) had major adverse @entity299 during the six months of follow up. Concentration of CRP were significantly raised in @entity1 who had an ischaemic event (mean (SEM) 11.5 (6.4) mg/l v 5.4 (2.5) mg/l, p < 0.001). Concentrations of sVCAM-1 were also significantly raised in the ischaemic event group (979 (30) ng/ml v 729 (22) ng/ml, p < 0.001). Both sVCAM-1 and CRP concentrations correlated strongly with the occurrence of an adverse event. The sensitivity of @entity29726 mg/l and sVCAM-1 > 780 ng/ml for predicting future events was > 90%. There was no difference in concentrations of sICAM-1, soluble endothelin selectin, or soluble platelet selectin between event and non-event groups. CONCLUSION: Raised concentrations of sVCAM-1 and CRP are predictive of an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events six months after presentation with @entity1459 and non-Q wave @entity583 . These findings suggest that the intensity of the vascular inflammatory process at the time of presentation is a determinant of clinical outcome in unstable @entity453 .

title: Risk stratification in XXXX and non-Q wave @entity583 using soluble cell adhesion molecules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Braunwald IIIA unstable angina', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity102 Scheme (CDSS) is the first public dental policy in Australia to attract Medicare benefits for dental services. AIMS: This study examines the utilisation of a new federal method of funding dental care in Australia and provides an insight into the implications of government dental programs. The program titled; @entity102 Scheme, provided government-subsidised dental care for @entity1 suffering from a chronic medical condition. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of activity data using the relevant item numbers were extracted from the open source @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) for years 2007-2009. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of approximately five million dental services were provided. There was a disproportionate use of services between jurisdictions. The highest proportion (66%) of services was provided in the state of New South Wales (NSW) with Victoria second (22%). The adjusted value of care provided as a proportion of comprehensive examinations ranged from  1937 in the northern territory (NT) to  2900 in NSW. The value of care per dentist ranged from nearly  80 000 down to less than  1000 and the value of care per adult of the population ranged between  53 and  1 across Australia. The highest was always in NSW and the lowest always being the NT. Fixed prosthodontics (reconstruction) accounted for the significant costs associated with the program. CONCLUSION: The scheme has been utilised above its budget estimate with prosthodontics accounting for the majority of expenses. Treatment plans differed between jurisdictions. The increase in utilisation of the scheme was coincident with periods of increased in subsidy and remuneration and has been postulated to be a main driver for its utilisation rather than the improvement in chronic health.

title: Experiences in the implementation of a national policy: A retrospective analysis of the Australian XXXX Scheme.

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['MBS', 'Medicare Benefits Schedule database']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Dental Disease']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic Dental Disease']


abstract: Although most @entity1 are improved after shoulder arthroplasty, the degree of improvement is variable. The factors contributing to this variability are not well understood. In particular, little information is available regarding the preoperative characteristics of the @entity1 that may influence the quality of the result. This study correlated @entity1 demographics, preoperative health status, and preoperative shoulder function with 3 outcome metrics: comfort, physical role function, and shoulder-specific function. One hundred thirty-four shoulders having total shoulder arthroplasty for @entity179 had an average follow-up of 3.4 +/- 1.8 years. The SF-36 Comfort score improved from 39 to 61 (P < .0001). The SF-36 Physical Role Function score improved from 30 to 52 (P < .0001). The average number of Simple Shoulder Test functions performable (out of 12) improved from 4 to 9 (P < .0001). The strongest correlates with postoperative comfort included preoperative physical function (P < .0001), general health (P < .0001), and social function (P < .001). The strongest correlates with postoperative physical role function included preoperative physical function (P < .0001) and general health (P < .001). The strongest correlates with postoperative shoulder function included male gender (P < .0001), and preoperative physical function (P < .0001), social function (P < .0001), mental health (P < .0001) and shoulder function (P < .0001). These data indicate that the overall well-being of the @entity1 before surgery is strongly correlated with the quality of the outcome from total shoulder arthroplasty for @entity179 .

title: Correlates with comfort and function after total shoulder arthroplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative glenohumeral joint disease']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative joint disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether @entity101 is a risk factor for hysterectomy, endometrial resection, and myomectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Self-report questionnaires were collected from 81% of 1959 Danish @entity1 aged 30 or 40 years selected at random in 1976-1991, in four different cohort studies. Baseline data included standardized information about @entity65 , @entity101 , use of medicine, gynecologic history, social background, and life style factors. Weight, height and blood pressure were measured. The @entity1 were followed via central registers to assess the incidence of hysterectomy, endometrial resection, and myomectomy performed for benign diagnoses. Cox regression analyses were used to control for confounding. RESULTS: The average time to follow-up was 15 years, and 135 operations performed for benign diagnoses were identified. @entity1 with a history of @entity101 had a double risk of having an operation compared to @entity1 without @entity101 , independent of confounders. CONCLUSION: @entity101 seems to be a risk factor for hysterectomy performed for benign diagnoses, and thus contributes to @entity1 undergoing hysterectomy having an increased risk of @entity65 . It might be relevant to pay increased attention to the blood pressure in candidates for hysterectomy, as optimal antihypertensive treatment could decrease their otherwise increased risk of @entity65 years after hysterectomy.

title: XXXX is associated with an increased risk for hysterectomy: a Danish cohort study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity87 ( @entity87 ) is associated with @entity25 and disrupted @entity2493 production. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to ascertain whether the sleep and @entity2493 production anomalies in @entity87 @entity1 may be due to an alteration of the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Five @entity87 @entity1 (3-17 yr old) and five healthy age-matched control subjects were involved in the study. Saliva and buccal scrub samples were collected every 4 h during a 24-h period. Daily profiles of @entity2493 were determined in saliva using a direct double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Daily profiles of clock gene mRNA levels ( @entity307 , @entity5394 , and Rev-erba) were determined in buccal scrub samples by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In controls, @entity2493 levels were elevated during the nighttime and very low during the daytime. Daily profiles of clock genes, @entity307 , @entity5394 , and Rev-erba, mRNA levels in buccal mucosa exhibited significant and mutually synchronized circadian variations ( @entity307 and Rev-erba: P < 0.001; @entity5394 : P < 0.05); the mRNA levels were elevated during the daytime and decreased during the nighttime. In @entity87 @entity1 , @entity2493 profiles were significantly altered compared with controls, being phase reversed, phase advanced, @entity308 , or abolished. Only @entity307 and Rev-erba mRNA profiles exhibited significant circadian rhythms (P < 0.05); the @entity5394 expression exhibited high variability, and the profile was out of phase with the other clock genes. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the anomalies in @entity2493 profiles of @entity87 @entity1 might be due to a disturbance of the molecular circadian clockwork.

title: Alteration of the circadian clock in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity87 :: ('MESH:D058496', 'Disease') :: ['SMS', 'Smith-Magenis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity87 :: (MESH:D058496,Disease) :: ['Smith-Magenis syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is an important cytokine in the process of angiogenesis. Elevated serum levels of the cytokine may determine @entity5 @entity1 who will benefit from adjuvant anti-angiogenic therapy in the future. To correlate serum levels of @entity7 with @entity5 stage and established prognostic markers in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), a prospective study was performed on 70 @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: From August 1999 to May 2000, 70 consecutive @entity1 (51 male, 19 female) with histologically proven @entity151 were enrolled into the study. Staging of the disease included clinical investigation, bronchoscopy, chest X-ray, thoracic computed tomography and ultrasound. The @entity1 were grouped into five stages according to the Marburg classification ( @entity66 ( @entity66 ), limited disease (LD), extensive disease I (EDI), @entity66 (EDIII)). Prior to treatment, a 10 mL serum sample from each @entity1 was examined by ELISA to quantify levels of @entity7 and @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ). @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin levels were determined by photomorphometric analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Waller-Duncan k ratio t-test and Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS: Serum @entity7 levels correlated well with @entity5 stage (P < 0.0001). Albumin levels were not correlated with @entity5 stage, but levels of @entity3508 and LDH increased with stage progression. When @entity1 were divided into two groups ( @entity66 and LD vs EDI-III), @entity7 levels were significantly lower in the initial stages of the disease compared with extensive disease (P < 0.0001). Serum levels of @entity7 correlated better with @entity5 stage than did concentrations of @entity3508 , LDH or albumin. CONCLUSION: Serum @entity7 levels may serve as an additional prognostic marker in the course of @entity1 with @entity151 . Further studies are needed to determine whether these @entity1 may benefit from additional anti-angiogenic therapy in the future.

title: Serum XXXX levels correlate better with @entity5 stage in @entity151 than albumin, @entity3508 or @entity880 dehydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease II (EDII) and extensive disease III', 'VLD', 'very limited disease']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the survival for @entity1 with @entity5 diagnosed in the period 1964-1987 and treated in a single paediatric oncology unit. DESIGN: Records of @entity1 treated by the Department of Haematology and Oncology at the Prince of Wales @entity1 's Hospital were reviewed to determine the survival of @entity1 with @entity5 according to decade of diagnosis and diagnostic group. @entity1 : @entity1 were eligible for the study if referred for treatment at or soon after diagnosis of @entity5 . One thousand @entity1 were treated during the study period. There were 363 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 126 with @entity5 of the central nervous system (CNS), 86 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 81 with @entity706 , 79 with @entity5 , 69 with @entity703 , 66 with @entity79 , 53 with soft tissue @entity242 , and 77 with various other diagnoses. Age range was one day to 20.75 years. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment included surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy in a variety of protocols. RESULTS: Ten-year survival for the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s was 15%, 51% and 64% respectively (P < 0.001), excluding @entity5 of the CNS. From 1985 onwards, actual survival at five years has been 79%. Survival from @entity3969 and @entity978 remained high throughout the study period, and significant improvement in survival occurred with @entity981 , @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity421 . Survival remained poor with @entity521 and @entity981 . CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvement in outcomes for @entity5 has been achieved over the last three decades, with five-year survival currently at 79% (excluding @entity5 of the CNS). Some diagnostic groups have had only small improvements in outcome and require new strategies.

title: The experience of a single Australian paediatric oncology unit. 1000 XXXX 1964-1987.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'Patients', 'children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL', 'acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neural crest tumours', 'tumours', 'childhood malignancy', 'malignant disease', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumour"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumours']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Previously, we demonstrated that @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ) increased the excitability of small-diameter sensory neurons, in part, through activation of @entity53022 ( @entity53022 ), suggesting that other S1PRs can modulate neuronal excitability. Therefore, studies were undertaken to establish the expression profiles of S1PRs in the intact dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and in defined single isolated sensory neurons. To determine mRNA expression of S1PRs in the DRG, SYBR green quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used. To determine the expression of S1PR mRNAs in single neurons of defined diameters, a preamplification protocol utilizing Taqman primer and probes was used to enhance the sensitivity of detection. The preamplification protocol also permitted detection of mRNA for two hallmark neuronal receptor/ion channels, @entity5510 and P(2)X(3). Expression profiles of S1PR mRNA isolated from lung and brain were used as positive control tissues. In the intact DRG, the order of expression of S1PRs was S1PR(3)>R(1)   R(2)>R(5)   R(4). In the single neurons, the expression of S1PRs was quite variable with some neurons expressing all five subtypes, whereas some expressing only one subtype. In contrast to the DRG, @entity53022 was the highest expressing subtype in 10 of the 18 small-, medium-, and large-diameter sensory neurons. @entity53022 was the second highest expressor in -50% of those remaining neurons. Overall, in the single neurons, the order of expression was @entity53022 >R(3)   R(5)>R(4)>R(2). The results obtained from the single defined neurons are consistent with our previous findings wherein @entity53022 plays a prominent but not exclusive role in the enhancement of neuronal excitability.

title: Expression of XXXX receptors in the rat dorsal root ganglia and defined single isolated sensory neurons.

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine 1-phosphate']

answer: @entity5595 :: (MESH:C060506,Chemical) :: ['sphingosine 1-phosphate']