abstract: Stapedotomy with implantation of an alloplastic prosthesis is a well-established therapy for the treatment of @entity8719 . Since the middle of 2008, a new @entity5648 prosthesis with memory function and superelastic properties has been available which is expected to make fixation on the long process of the incus much easier. The advantage of this prosthesis is that heat-induced wire crimping is no longer necessary and damage to the incus caused by heat is avoided. Since May 2008, laser-assisted stapedotomy with implantation of a @entity5648 prosthesis was performed in 21 @entity1 suffering from @entity8719 . The prostheses used for all @entity1 had a size of 4.5  mm     0.4  mm. The @entity1 collective consisted of 14 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 with a mean age of 53.4  years. Pre- and postoperatively, an ENT examination was carried out followed by an audiological evaluation of the hearing result. In addition, the properties of the prosthesis ("proper fitt", "handling", and "overall rating") were evaluated intraoperatively by means of a test protocol. The @entity5648 prosthesis was implanted successfully in all 21 @entity1 . The mean air-bone gap for the frequencies from 0.5 to 4  kHz was 9.83  dB postoperatively. Intraoperatively, the fit of the prosthesis was rated as "good to very good", the handling as "good" and the overall rating of the system was "good to very good". Our @entity1 collective showed good postoperative hearing results. Due to simple intraoperative handling, especially placing the @entity5648 prosthesis in position, the critical work step of crimping is no longer necessary.

title: Treatment of @entity8719 with a superelastic XXXX piston: first results.

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Matric metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 gene expression is increased in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) and associated with increasing @entity5 invasion, lymph node involvement and decreased survival rates. Levels of the circulating enzyme may be elevated and used as a marker of @entity5 progression. In this study, clinical application of @entity1550 serum levels was evaluated for early detection, prediction of prognosis and survival time of @entity418 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum levels of @entity1550 were determined by ELISA in 66 @entity418 @entity1 prior of any treatment and 54 healthy controls for comparison with clinicopathological data through statistical analysis with @entity1 Whitney U and Log-Rank tests. In addition, clinical value of @entity1550 levels for diagnosis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) test. RESULTS: The serum level of @entity1550 in @entity1 (>250 pg/ml) was significantly higher than in the control group (<100 pg/ml) (p value=0.004). Also the results showed a significant correlation between @entity1550 serum levels with @entity5 stage (p value = 0.003), depth of @entity5 invasion (p value=0.008), involvement of lymph nodes (p value = 0.011), @entity5 size (p value = 0.018) and survival time. While there were no significant correlation with grade and location of @entity5 . ROC analysis showed that @entity1550 level is an accurate diagnostic marker especially to differentiate pre-invasive/ invasive lesions from normal controls (sensitivity and specificity: 100%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate a potential clinical significance of serum @entity1550 measurement for early detection and prognostic assessment in @entity418 @entity1 .

title: Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 - A Potential Biomarker for Detection and Prognostic Assessment of XXXX with @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas', 'ESCCs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The quantitative distribution of immunoglobulin-(Ig)-producing cells of the major classes was determined by paired immunohistochemistry in the proximal jejunal mucosa of 29 @entity1 with @entity14086 ( @entity14086 ). The specimens were categorized stereomicroscopically in three groups. Compared with controls, the total number of Ig-producing cells in a defined "mucosal tissue unit" was for group I (normal or minor abnormality) found to be raised by a factor of 1.4, but the class ratios remained normal. In group II (major abnormality) the total immunocyte number was raised 2.6 times; IgA, IgM, and IgG cells showed a 2.4-, 3.5-, and 5.1-fold increase, respectively. Group II (intermediate abnormality) fell between the two other groups with regard to changes in the immunocyte population. Altogether the local immunocyte pattern was very similar to that previously found in @entity66 ( @entity66 ) specimens of comparable @entity10900 . IgD cells were few, and showed no increase compared with controls. Also IgE cells were few, but were encountered more frequently than in controls. As in @entity66 , staining for extracellular Ig in the lamina propria tended to be more intense than in controls. Normal or increased staining for SC, IgA and IgM in the crypt epithelium indicated a normal external transfer of these components. @entity14086 differed from DC in showing no significant rise in the level of serum IgA. Serum IgM was reduced in group III, and IgG was increased in group I.

title: Immunoglobulins in jejunal mucosa and serum from XXXX with @entity14086 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10900 :: ('MESH:D009056', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity14086 :: ('MESH:D003874', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis herpetiformis', 'DH']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'CD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Singapore is a multiethnic Asian country comprising predominantly Chinese, Malays, and Indians. We sought to study the disparities in evidence-based therapy for @entity1 from these three ethnic groups who were admitted to hospital with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We also examined its association with socioeconomic level and social network size and the influence on psychological stress level. METHODS: In a prospective study, @entity1 admitted with @entity583 were recruited for a questionnaire survey. Relevant demographic and clinical data were collected. RESULTS: A total of 364 @entity1 were recruited and categorised based on ethnicity: Chinese (222 @entity1 ), Malays (72 @entity1 ), and Indians (70 @entity1 ). Malays and Indians were significantly younger than Chinese at the time of presentation with @entity583 . Malays had significantly more @entity1 than the Chinese and Indians. Malays were in the lowest socioeconomic class, based on education level (P  <= .02) and residential type (P  <= .003). Most (87%) @entity1 were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. There were no significant differences between Chinese, Malays, and Indians in accessibility to primary percutaneous coronary intervention, symptom-to-balloon time, door-to-balloon time, and prescription of evidence-based medications. Malays had larger social networks for information support (P  <= .05) and financial support (P  <= .04) than Chinese and Indians. There were no significant differences between the three ethnic groups in satisfaction with social support. The perceived stress level was higher among Malays and Indians than Chinese. CONCLUSIONS: Although Malays were underprivileged in the socioeconomic level, no significant difference in healthcare disparities were observed among the three ethnic groups. This may be a reflection of the advancement in Singapore's healthcare system. The lower socioeconomic level may also explain the higher perceived stress level in Malays.

title: XXXX in singapore: ethnic variation in evidence-based therapy and its association with socioeconomic status, social network size and perceived stress level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarction']


abstract: In the current study, we aimed to investigate the emotion recognition impairment in @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) @entity1 and define whether this deficit is caused by impaired scanning patterns of the face. To achieve this goal, we recorded eye movements during a two-alternative forced-choice emotion recognition task. @entity2033 @entity1 in pre-symptomatic (n   =   16) and symptomatic (n   =   9) disease stages were tested and their performance was compared to a control group (n   =   22). In our emotion recognition task, @entity1 had to indicate whether a face reflected one of six basic emotions. In addition, and in order to define whether emotion recognition was altered when the @entity1 were forced to look at a specific component of the face, we used a second task where only limited facial information was provided (eyes/mouth in partially masked faces). Behavioral results showed no differences in the ability to recognize emotions between pre-symptomatic gene carriers and controls. However, an emotion recognition deficit was found for all six basic emotion categories in early stage @entity2033 . Analysis of eye movement patterns showed that @entity1 and controls used similar scanning strategies. @entity51 were similar regardless of whether parts of the faces were masked or not, thereby confirming that selective attention to particular face parts is not underlying the deficits. These results suggest that the emotion recognition deficits in symptomatic @entity2033 @entity1 cannot be explained by impaired scanning patterns of faces. Furthermore, no selective deficit for recognition of disgust was found in pre-symptomatic @entity2033 @entity1 .

title: Scanning Patterns of Faces do not Explain Impaired Emotion Recognition in XXXX : Evidence for a High Level Mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Patterns of deficits']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington Disease']


abstract: The aesthetic results of craniofacial surgery for @entity91 were evaluated by a panel assessment using a scoring system based on deformities typical for this type of @entity91 . In this retrospective study pre-and postoperative photographs of 45 @entity1 were scored for items typical for @entity91 : shape of the forehead, @entity10700 , and temporal @entity308 . Each item was quantified as normal or absent (0 points), a @entity85 (1 point) or a severe @entity85 (2 points). Preoperatively, the most obvious @entity308 and this remained to be the most @entity85 after surgery. There was a good overall correction of the presenting deformities with a decline in the mean score preoperatively from 4.49-1.13 postoperatively. There was a significant weak correlation between pre- and postoperative score only for @entity10700 . This indicates that the severity of the initial disease is not a major contributor to the final surgical result. Furthermore, surgical outcome seemed to be stable over time and was not influenced by the timing of surgery when surgery was scheduled between the ages of 6-15 months. Early craniofacial correction for @entity91 results in a stable, acceptable aesthetic result on which the @entity85 has @entity306 effect. The most common associated craniofacial characteristics are well- to very well-corrected when surgery is performed within the first 6-15 months. Main focus of @entity85 on short and long term remains the temporal @entity308 , and thus requires extra attention during surgery.

title: Aesthetic results of fronto-orbital correction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'deformity was temporal depression']

entities_list: @entity10700 :: ('MESH:C563509', 'Disease') :: ['hypotelorism']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis', 'trigonocephaly']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'obvious deformity', 'mild deformity', 'initial deformity']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['trigonocephaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity2012 , sleep @entity386 -related @entity519 results in considerable morbidity and mortality. AIMS: To evaluate the relative weight of pathogenic factors in predicting @entity519 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 34 @entity2012 @entity1 were submitted to clinical evaluation, nocturnal oximetry, and nasolaryngeal airway tomography. GH, @entity442 , and its upper limit normal value were measured. @entity519 was defined as >5 episodes of desaturation/h of sleep. @entity2122 were expressed using a @entity5515 ( @entity5515 ). @entity519 was predicted using logistic regression, including the variables markers of @entity2122 , hormonal alteration, and @entity28 . Coefficients were standardized in order to determine their effect magnitudes relative to the outcome. The best model included the variables gender, age, @entity5515 , body mass index (BMI), and IGFI upper limit normal value. MAIN RESULTS: In the absence of the age and gender variables, the odds ratio for the @entity5515 (1.60) was slightly higher than those found for BMI (1.49) and upper limit normal value (1.40). When the data were adjusted for age, the hormone upper limit normal value presented little alteration (1.49), although the decrease in the @entity5515 was considerable (1.21), as was the increase in the BMI (2.18). The relative weight of the @entity5515 was age-dependent. The gender variable did not alter the relevance of the others. CONCLUSIONS: The effects that craniofacial aspect, @entity28 , and hormonal alterations have on @entity519 are of similar magnitude.

title: XXXX , @entity28 , and hormonal alterations have similar effects in magnitude on the development of @entity519 in @entity1 with @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial abnormality', 'Craniofacial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia', 'Nocturnal hypoxemia', 'such hypoxemia', 'nocturnal hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['LPI', 'linear parameter index']

answer: @entity2122 :: (MESH:D019465,Disease) :: ['Craniofacial abnormalities']


abstract: Twenty-four @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 , all but 1 pretreated with one or more chemotherapeutic regimens, were entered in a pilot study to assess @entity137 and efficacy of the combination @entity2664 and @entity5713 . Dominant sites of metastases were viscera in 9 @entity1 , bone in 10 and soft tissues in 5. All @entity1 received @entity2664 10 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and @entity5713 1.7 mg/m2 by 4 hour infusion on days 3, 4 and 5, every 3-4 weeks. Objective responses (1 CR, 7 PR) were observed in 8 (38%) of the 21 evaluable @entity1 . Median duration of response was 10.5 months. Of 12 @entity1 pretreated with an @entity4349 containing regimen, 4 responded (1 CR and 3 PR). Major @entity137 was myelosuppression, grade 4 in 2 cases and grade 3 in 2 others. No evident alopecia was observed and only 1 case of grade 1 @entity1370 . In conclusion, @entity2664 followed by @entity5713 is an effective regimen in metastatic @entity0 also in pretreated @entity1 , and previous anthracycline administration does not seem to reduce the percentage of response. Moreover, @entity137 is generally mild.

title: @entity2664 (M) and @entity5713 (V) in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the effectiveness of 2 weeks' pre-cessation @entity1239 patches and/or gum on smoking abstinence at 6 months. DESIGN: Pragmatic randomized controlled trial. SETTING: New Zealand. @entity1 : Eleven hundred adult, dependent smokers who called the New Zealand Quitline between March 2006 and May 2007 for support to stop smoking were randomized to 2 weeks of @entity1239 patches and/or gum prior to their target quit day followed by usual care (8 weeks of patches and/or gum plus support calls from a Quitline adviser), or to usual care alone. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence 6 months after quit day. Secondary outcomes included continuous abstinence, @entity4874 -verified abstinence, daily cigarette consumption, withdrawal symptoms and adverse events. @entity51 : Six months after quit day 125 (22.7%) @entity1 in the pre-cessation group and 116 (21.0%) in the control group reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence (relative risk 1.08 95% CI: 0.86, 1.35, P = 0.4, risk difference 1.7%, 95% CI: -3.2%, 6.6%). However, when pooled in a meta-analysis with other pre-cessation trials a moderate benefit of about a one-quarter increase in cessation rates was evident. There was no difference in adverse events between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this, the largest pre-cessation NRT trial to date, using NRT 2 weeks before the target quit day was safe and well tolerated but offered no benefit over usual care. However, in conjunction with previous pre-cessation trials there appears to be a moderate benefit, but not as large as that seen in most smaller trials.

title: Pre-cessation XXXX replacement therapy: pragmatic randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['FINDINGS']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: We hereby report a case of @entity2099 with delivery of 3 viable @entity1 and a complete mole. This was an induced conception with clomiphene citrate. At 22 weeks, cystic structures were noticed in one of the placentae and a suspicion of co-existant molar pregnancy was made. The case discussed with oncologist and pregnancy was continued with close monitoring of _-hCG and Ultrasound. Her _-hCG at 23 weeks was 748 mIU/ml, which continued to rise until the 29th week of gestation to a level of 305881.68 mIU/ml and declined gradually thereafter. Similarly, hydropic change in placenta also continued to increase progressively. She was given steroid cover at 32 weeks and delivery was aimed at 34 weeks of gestation. The @entity1 went into @entity3152 at 33 weeks and 3 female @entity1 delivered by lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) followed by removal of 3 placentae along with copious molar tissue at the end. The newborns were kept in the nursery, non-requiring assisted ventilation and discharged in satisfactory condition. The histopathologyand immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of a @entity2099 comprising of one complete mole with 3 normal placentae.

title: Complete Hydatidiform Mole Coexisting with Three Viable Fetuses in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['quadruplet pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

answer: @entity2099 :: (MESH:D011254,Disease) :: ['Quadruplet Pregnancy']


abstract: We report 3 cases of the occurrence of adverse events in @entity1 with @entity30 who were given @entity30978 . The first case involved a 43-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity401 requiring intubation after switching from @entity2983 to @entity3378 . Thereafter, @entity2983 was used without complications. When @entity3378 was reintroduced, the symptoms recurred. A second @entity1 was a 56-year-old @entity1 who experienced worsening of abdominal symptoms after commencing @entity2983 for an exacerbation of @entity30 ; these symptoms improved following discontinuation of @entity2983 . A third @entity1 , a 23-year-old @entity1 , had been treated with @entity2983 for @entity30 for 6 months when @entity4184 was added because of insufficient response. After 3 weeks she was hospitalized for acute @entity788 , which resolved after both medications were discontinued. @entity788 due to @entity4184 has not been previously described, but @entity2983 is known to cause @entity788 even after uncomplicated long-term use. Although effective in @entity31 , @entity5586 is not an effective treatment for @entity30 in general. Although adverse effects are rare, physicians should be aware of them and avoid unnecessary use.

title: [ @entity2983 and XXXX for @entity30 : few indications, severe adverse reactions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity5586 :: ('MESH:D010131', 'Chemical') :: ['aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity30978 :: ('MESH:D000636', 'Chemical') :: ['aminosalicylic acids']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphasalazine']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

answer: @entity3378 :: (MESH:D012460,Chemical) :: ['sulphasalazine']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is widely used in the treatment of @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ). A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model was developed using trough blood @entity870 concentration data from 106 @entity1 with @entity1985 . The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM with 1-compartment linear model and first-order elimination. Proportional and @entity28613 were used to describe the interindividual and intraindividual variabilities, respectively. Body @entity353 ( @entity353 ), serum @entity2313 level ( @entity2313 ), and combination therapy with @entity1215 were found to be the most significant covariates explaining the variability of the apparent clearance (CL/F) of @entity870 among @entity1 . The final model was as follows: TVCL/F=34.1x( @entity353 /67.6)(1.08)x(1+RFAx0.67)x(1-ALBx0.0088); @entity9300 /F=3.5xWT; Ka=1.28 fixed; where RFA=1 with concurrent @entity1215 use and 0 otherwise. The interindividual variabilities of CL/F and V/F were 18% and 27%, respectively. The residual error was 0.064 mg/L. The mean+/-SD of CL/F and V/F of the 106 @entity1 were 23.5+/-7.2 L/h and 232.3+/-71.5 L, respectively. The reliability and stability of the PopPK model were confirmed by nonparametric bootstrap procedure.

title: Population pharmacokinetic study of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity28613 :: ('MESH:D020721', 'Disease') :: ['additive error models']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Tumor @entity519 hampers the efficacy of radiotherapy because of its increased resistance to ionizing radiation. The aim of the present study was to estimate the potential added clinical value of the specific @entity519 tracer @entity31016 ( @entity15437 ) over commonly used @entity419 in the treatment of advanced-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with stage III or stage IV @entity1149 underwent @entity419 and @entity15437 PET before chemoradiotherapy. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was used to depict @entity419 uptake, and the @entity5 -to-background (T/B) ratio and @entity5 fractional @entity519 volume (FHV) were used to quantify @entity519 . The spatial correlation between @entity419 and @entity15437 uptake values was investigated using voxel-based analysis. Partial-volume correction was applied. RESULTS: All 11 @entity1 showed clear uptake of @entity15437 in the @entity5 . However, different patterns of @entity419 and @entity15437 uptake distributions were observed and varied widely among different @entity5 . No significant correlation was observed between @entity419 SUVmax and @entity8984 -FAZA T/B ratio (P = 0.055). The median FHV of 1.4 was 48.4% (range, 5.0-91.5). A significant positive correlation was found between the @entity8984 -FAZA T/B ratio and FHV of 1.4 (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between the lesion size and FHV or between the @entity8984 -FDG SUVmax and FHV. The pattern of tumoral @entity419 uptake was rather homogeneous, whereas @entity15437 uptake was more heterogeneous, suggesting that @entity15437 identifies @entity519 areas within metabolically active areas of @entity5 . A significant correlation between @entity419 SUVmax and lesion size (P = 0.002) was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity8984 -FAZA PET imaging is able to detect heterogeneous distributions of @entity519 subvolumes out of homogeneous @entity419 background in a clinical setting. Therefore, @entity15437 might be considered a tool for guiding dose escalation to the @entity519 fraction of the @entity5 .

title: PET imaging of @entity5 @entity519 using XXXX in stage III-IV @entity1149 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity31016 :: ('MESH:C498052', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity31016 :: (MESH:C498052,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside']


abstract: A 70-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with a medical history of @entity191 presented with a 3-month history of violaceous reticulated patches on his upper and lower extremities. The lesions were asymptomatic. The @entity1 did not have a history of cardioembolic events or @entity792 . No new medications were started before the onset of the lesions. Review of systems was unremarkable. On examination, large erythematous to violaceous patches were present in a reticulated net-like pattern on the @entity1 's upper and lower extremities (Figure 1 and Figure 2). No @entity4 , @entity2681 , or @entity1066 were noted. An extensive workup for autoimmune, infectious, and hematologic causes of @entity12288 was performed. Complete blood cell count, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs), anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, protein C and S levels, cryoglobulin screen, rheumatoid factor, and @entity99 screen were all within normal limits. After these potential other causes were excluded, the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity7776 -induced @entity12288 ( @entity12288 ), a medication he had been taking for 2 years for @entity191 . The @entity1 's dose of @entity7776 was decreased from 100 mg to 50 mg twice daily and over the next few months, his lesions gradually faded. Because his neurologic condition benefited from @entity7776 and his lesions were asymptomatic, his neurologist continued the medication.

title: XXXX from @entity7776 .

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis', 'LR']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity12288 :: (MESH:D054068,Disease) :: ['Livedo reticularis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4790 is an infrequent complication of @entity697 or @entity64 . The pathophysiology, the exact location of the lesions and the clinical course of this type of @entity4790 are still not fully understood. AIM: To conduct a retrospective observation-based study of @entity1 diagnosed with vascular hemichorea in our centre. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study involved consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with this condition who were attended between the years 2004 and 2009. A descriptive analysis of their clinico-radiological characteristics and clinical symptoms was performed. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were included in the study, which represented 0.2% of the cases of @entity64 attended during the period under analysis. The mean age was 73 years. Twelve @entity1 (80%) presented an @entity64 and three @entity1 (20%) had a @entity548 . The location of the lesions varied. The most frequent site was in the lentiform nucleus, followed by those with located in the cortical, thalamic and sub thalamic regions. Eight @entity1 (53%) did not require pharmacological treatment owing to the scarce repercussion of their symptoms or their rapid resolution. The most commonly employed treatment was @entity1767 . The mean follow-up time was 17 months. Over that period, the hemi- @entity4790 disappeared in 11 @entity1 (73%), most of them before the end of the second month of progress of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The variable topography of the lesions related to hemichorea is proof of the complexity of the functioning of the cortico-basal network to control movement and confirms the association between hemichorea and @entity75 .

title: [Post- XXXX hemichorea: observation-based study of 15 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['chorea', 'Chorea']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on cognitive functioning in aging @entity1 , especially on executive functions associated with frontal brain regions. In rodents, exercise has been shown to induce structural and neurophysiological changes especially in the hippocampus and to improve spatial learning. The present study investigated the relationship between @entity65 , spatial learning and associated patterns of brain activation cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a sample of middle-aged @entity1 and @entity1 (40-55 years) that took part in a six-month exercise intervention and an additional spatial training. Spatial learning capacities before and after the interventions were measured with a virtual maze task. During this task, @entity1 were repeatedly moved through a virtual town and were instructed to infer the spatial layout of the environment. Brain activations during encoding of the virtual town were assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI data revealed that brain activations during successful spatial learning were modulated by the individual fitness level in a neural network, comprising the hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, cuneus, precuneus, parahippocampal gyrus, caudate nucleus, insula, putamen, and further frontal, temporal, occipital and cingulate regions. Moreover, physical exercising induced changes in @entity65 that correlated positively with changes in brain activations in the medial frontal gyrus and the cuneus. However, overall spatial learning performance did not vary with @entity65 . These data suggest that @entity65 has an impact on brain regions associated with spatial learning in @entity1 and hence, could be a potent intervention to prevent age-related @entity73 .

title: XXXX modulates brain activation associated with spatial learning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular fitness']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular fitness']


abstract: Effects of duration of @entity117 ( @entity7943 ) administration on the patency and development of distal anastomotic intimal @entity1373 (DAIH) of endothelial cell (EC) seeded and unseeded prosthetic aortoiliac grafts were studied in a @entity235 model. @entity7943 , 5 gr po qd, was administered to @entity235 1 day prior to placement of bilateral, 12 to 17 cm long, 5 mm inside diameter expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) aortoiliac grafts and continued for 2 wk (Group 1, n = 12 @entity235 ) or 16 wk (Group 2, n = 12 @entity235 ). Six @entity235 in each group received autologous EC seeded grafts, while the others received unseeded grafts. Prosthesis patency was assessed weekly. At the conclusion of the study, DAIH was measured on serial sections using a computer-linked digitizer. The 16 wk patency for Group 1 grafts was 67%, while that for Group 2 grafts was 88% (p less than 0.09). Luminal narrowing due to DAIH was not significantly different between Groups 1 and 2 (7.7 +/- 8.3% [means +/- SD] and 9.0 +/- 7.8% respectively). EC seeding improved the 16 wk combined patency from 62 to 92% (p less than 0.02). A more complete luminal endothelial cell lining was correlated with reduced DAIH (r = -0.4, p less than 0.05). Chronic @entity7943 administration prevented graft thrombosis between 2 and 4 wk postimplantation in this study but was not associated with decreased DAIH.

title: Effects of duration of XXXX administration on patency and anastomotic @entity1373 of ePTFE grafts.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: A 65-year-old @entity1 who had suffered from traumatic @entity1566 had @entity1118 . He had exacerbation of @entity158 and intermittent @entity221 and consulted several doctors, but the cause of the @entity158 was unknown. An orthopedic specialist took an MRI. Spinal MRI showed increased signal intensity at the level of T10-11 and a mass in his right lower lung field, so he was referred to our hospital. Two transbronchial lung biopsy procedures failed to obtain malignant cells. CT guided biopsy showed fibrous and hyalinizing tissue contained plasma cells and lyphocytes. @entity794 was cultured from the second bronchial lavage fluids of brush and blood cultures, so we began administration of @entity869 - @entity5899 . Avoiding threatened or @entity1745 due to collapse resulting from spinal instability, posterior fusion with instrumentation was done through the back of his chest wall. At once, bone biopsy was done, and showed no malignant cells. As soon as antibacterial treatment was stopped after the operation, he had bloody sputa and @entity221 . The antibacterial agent was resumed and the symptoms improved. The mass decreased in size and @entity158 improved gradually, so we concluded the diagnosis was @entity1511 caused by @entity794 . After about 5 months of antibacterial treatment, the @entity5 substantially diminished.

title: [A case of XXXX mimicking spinal invasion of lung cancer].

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['actual cord compression']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lumbar pain']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['pyogenic spondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of intra-articular @entity2713 injection and physiotherapy singly or combined in the treatment of @entity2585 of the shoulder. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity2585 of less than 6 months duration were randomized to one of four groups: Group A, injection of @entity2713 20 mg and eight sessions of standardized physiotherapy; Group B, injection of @entity2713 20 mg alone; Group C, placebo injection and eight sessions of standardized physiotherapy; or Group D, placebo injection alone. All subjects were given an identical home exercise programme. Outcome measures were assessed at 6 weeks and 16 weeks. The primary outcome measure was Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ) score. Secondary outcomes were measurement of @entity158 using a visual analogue scale (VAS), global disability using VAS and range of passive external rotation. A two-way analysis of variance was used to explore the effects of @entity228 injection and physiotherapy. RESULTS: At 6 weeks, the SDQ had improved significantly more in the groups receiving @entity228 injection (P = 0.004). Physiotherapy improved passive external rotation at 6 weeks (P = 0.02) and @entity228 injection improved self-assessment of global disability at 6 weeks (P = 0.04). There was no interaction effect between injection and physiotherapy. At 16 weeks, all groups had improved to a similar degree with respect to all outcome measures. CONCLUSION: @entity228 injection is effective in improving shoulder-related disability, and physiotherapy is effective in improving the range of movement in external rotation 6 weeks after treatment.

title: A randomized controlled trial of intra-articular XXXX and/or physiotherapy in shoulder @entity2585 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive capsulitis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2713 :: (MESH:D014221,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: (1) To determine the accuracy of a standard clinical and radiological assessment of resectability in @entity1 with previously irradiated recurrent cervical @entity5 (PIRCC), and (2) to report the outcome and prognostic factors in this high-risk population treated with an exenterative procedure. METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1 with centrally located (n=20, 41.7%) or lateralized (n=28, 58.3%) PIRCC treated with exenterative procedures were analyzed. All @entity1 underwent standard assessment of resectability with pelvic exam and radiological studies. @entity1 with centrally located @entity5 were considered as resectable and lateralized @entity5 were deemed unresectable. RESULTS: Complete surgical resection with negative margins (R0) was achieved in 28.6% of the @entity1 with lateral recurrences and in 65.0% of the @entity1 with central recurrences (p<0.019). After a median follow-up of 114.6 months (3.0-244.9 months), the 10-year local control rate for the whole group was 36.3%, 43.1% in the central PIRCC group and 31.5% in the lateral PIRCC group, respectively (p=0.290). Multivariate analysis showed that improved local control was significantly associated with the presence of negative margins (p=0.004). The 10-year distant failure rate was 69%, 56.6% in the central PIRCC group and 83.2% in the lateral PIRCC group (p=0.178), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the development of distant metastases was significantly correlated with the absence of local control (p=0.01). The 10-year @entity66 ( @entity66 ) for central and lateral PIRCC was 27.2% and 14.9%, respectively (p=0.239). Multivariate analysis showed that negative margins (p=0.001), local control (p=0.001) and distant control (p=0.006) were all significantly associated with improved @entity66 . Location of PIRCC (central vs. lateral) was irrelevant for @entity66 in completely resected (R0) @entity1 . Overall morbidity rate was 65.0% and 73.3% for central and lateral PIRCC @entity1 , respectively (p=0.528). CONCLUSION: About one-third of the @entity1 with lateral PIRCC classified as unresectable with non-surgical means may ultimately undergo complete (R0) resections and about one-third of the @entity1 with centrally located PIRCC and judged as resectable will undergo non-curative (R1) resections. A curative (R0) resection significantly impacts local control rates, distant metastases-free rates and @entity66 .

title: Resectability rates of previously irradiated recurrent cervical XXXX (PIRCC) treated with pelvic exenteration: is still the clinical involvement of the pelvis wall a real contraindication? a twenty-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The role of the physician in the context of @entity52 and @entity74 has certain distinct characteristics. Involuntary childlessness by definition of the WHO is a disease with good treatment options. As it is not considered a medical emergency, the focus lies more on intensive information giving, education, and counseling. Because the diagnosis and treatment can be a medical and psychological strain for the couple, counseling should address both medical and psychological aspects. The physician needs to have detailed medical knowledge as well as good communication skills to be able to meet the specific needs of the couple. Moreover, the physician should point out the realistic success rates of treatment and should refer to alternatives, such as remaining childless, adoption, and sperm or egg donation. The concurrent inclusion of biological, psychological, social, and ethical aspects in terms of psychosomatic basic care (Psychosomatische Grundversorgung) seems to be useful. There is potential for conflicts, for example, due to the economic interests of the physician. On the other hand, the treatment can be a financial burden for the couple. Of importance are the physician's and the @entity1 's moral concepts, especially concerning some aspects of therapy (sperm and egg donation, surrogacy). The expected welfare of the intended @entity1 should also be respected (e.g., higher risk of @entity600 in @entity2099 ). Further possible conflicts in reproductive medicine arise because of the crossing of moral boundaries (oocyte donation for postmenopausal @entity1 , surrogacy, cloning of @entity1 beings). The framework of counseling is based on the guidelines of the German Medical Association (Bundes  rztekammer) for assisted reproduction (2006). Preimplantation genetic diagnosis has special requirements from a medical and psychosocial point of view.

title: [The physician's role in various clinical contexts. Physician counseling on @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and @entity74 ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['preimplantation genetic diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['PGD']


abstract: Bath application of @entity6341 to hippocampal slices taken from immature @entity35 suppressed both spontaneous and electrically evoked @entity302 produced by @entity973 ( @entity974 ). @entity302 consisted of @entity3389 that were up to 30 sec in duration and @entity3389 . The latter were often followed by brief synchronized afterdischarges that were less than 1 sec in duration. During the transition period to suppression, individual pyramidal cells did not hyperpolarize in response to @entity6341 , but instead underwent a gradual depolarization that averaged 8.5 mV. At the same time, the input conductance of these cells increased 2-3-fold. Concurrently the @entity3389 transiently increased in duration and then abruptly ceased. In most instances the ictal-like events were replaced by large slow depolarizing events. Orthodromic stimulation recruited these slow depolarizations in a graded manner. However, at high stimulus intensities and at unusually long latencies @entity3389 were evoked. This suggests that @entity6341 raises the threshold for the generation of @entity3389 but leaves the underlying physiological processes intact. The combined use of 4-AP and @entity6341 in immature hippocampal slices may prove to be useful for the study of the various physiologic processes that contribute to the genesis of @entity410 in immature hippocampus. In addition, results of these studies are relevant in light of the proposed use of @entity1246 agonists in anticonvulsant therapy.

title: Suppression of XXXX -induced epileptogenesis by the GABAA agonist @entity6341 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epileptiform events', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['interictal burst-like discharges', 'ictal-like discharges']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-aminopyridine']


abstract: We studied reflex responses to pressure changes at arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in five awake @entity235 with @entity713 before and after baroreceptor denervation. We changed ventricular pacing rate and blood volume to vary cardiac output and arterial (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP). We determined peripheral resistance ( @entity27598 ) and atrial rate (HRA) as responses. In the intact animal, regression analysis showed an average relationship across @entity235 of @entity27598 = 169-0.69 MAP-1.952 CVP + error. Correlation (r) between observed and predicted @entity27598 was 0.83. For HRA, regression indicated HRA = 291.66-2.319 MAP + 8.144 CVP + error (r = 0.899). @entity27598 and MAP are percent of control at 90 beats/min; CVP is in mmHg; HRA, in beats/min. Although its coefficient is smaller, MAP explains approximately 69% of the variation in @entity27598 . After arterial baroreceptor denervation, effects of MAP on @entity27598 were insignificant and the coefficient for CVP increased. Subsequent vagal block eliminated all reflex responses. Effects from the two receptor sites sum linearly. They act cooperatively with changes in blood volume, but oppose one another with cardiac output changes.

title: Cardiovascular control by arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in awake XXXX with @entity713 .

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) remains one of the leading causes of mortality in @entity1 with @entity1778 . Treatment options in this population remain limited, with concern for both increased @entity137 and further relapse. We treated 18 @entity1 with @entity3052 for marrow +/- extramedullary relapse after a prior alloHSCT, with a myeloablative cytoreductive regimen including @entity19859 , @entity3601 , and @entity11678 , followed by a second or third transplant (HSCT2/3) from the same or different donor. All @entity1 were in remission at the time of HSCT2/3. All evaluable @entity1 engrafted. The most common @entity137 was reversible transaminitis associated with @entity19859 . Two @entity1 died from transplant-related causes. Seven @entity1 relapsed post-HSCT2/3 and died of disease. Nine of 18 @entity1 are alive and disease-free, with a three-year 49% probability of overall survival. @entity1 whose remission duration after initial alloHSCT was >6 months achieved superior outcomes (3-year OS 74%, 95% CI: 53-100%), compared with those relapsing within 6 months (0%), (p<0.001). This new cytoreductive regimen has yielded promising results with acceptable @entity137 for second transplants in @entity1 with high-risk ALL and @entity3052 who relapsed after a prior transplant, using various graft and donor options,. This approach merits further evaluation in collaborative group studies.

title: Second allogeneic stem cell transplantation for XXXX using a chemotherapy only cytoreduction with @entity19859 , @entity3601 , and thiotepa.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity19859 :: ('MESH:C068329', 'Chemical') :: ['clofarabine']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2662 associated @entity602 is characterised by a clinical picture of slowly progressive @entity3500 that generally presents when the @entity1 is at an age somewhere between his or her thirties and sixties; few cases have been reported involving @entity1 . It is a pathology that is prevalent in tropical regions that are endemic for @entity2662 (southern Japan, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and some areas of Africa). CASE REPORT: The authors report the case of a 9-year-old @entity1 from Guinea who was admitted to the Paediatric Neurology Unit in the Hospital de Santa Maria with a two-year-old clinical history of @entity3500 . Computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging did not show any alterations to the spinal cord. Somatosensory evoked potentials revealed a lesion in the posterior dorsolumbar spinal cord. The exclusion of other (infectious, metabolic and demyelinating) pathologies and the confirmation of infection by @entity2662 (by means of PCR) led to a diagnosis of @entity602 associated to this virus. Therapy was established with interferon alfa, but no appreciable significant improvement was observed. DISCUSSION: This case stands out because of the uncommonness of this pathology at the paediatric age. We review the most relevant aspects of this disorder at the earliest ages, above all with regard to its epidemiology, transmission, clinical symptoms and complementary diagnostic examinations. Known therapeutic options (corticoids, interferon alfa, antiretroviral agents, among others) and prognosis are also discussed.

title: [Tropical @entity3500 and @entity2662 associated XXXX in infancy. A case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anthracyclines are effective drugs in pediatrics @entity5 treatment. However, @entity1370 ( @entity1370 ) is a serious adverse drug reaction that affects the survival in @entity1 treated for @entity5 . CLINICAL CASES: Case 1: Nine-year-old @entity1 with @entity978 with 12 epirubicin doses and a cumulative dose of 576 mg/m2. After last chemotherapy dose, the @entity1 was admitted with systemic inflammatory response, @entity1395 and adinamia. Echocardiography: LVEF of 22  %, SF 11% and moderate @entity339 . @entity1 died 2 days after diagnosed with @entity384 secondary to anthracyclines. Case 2: Fifteen-year-old @entity1 with stage IV @entity2109 with two epirubicin doses and a cumulative dose of 90 mg/m2. After the last cycle, the @entity1 developed several infectious foci. Echocardiography: LVEF of 49  %, @entity32298 % and dilated left ventricle with septal flattening. @entity1 died 13 days after diagnosis of @entity384 by anthracyclines. CONCLUSION: @entity1370 is a problem in pediatric @entity1 receiving anthracyclines, monitoring is essential to detect the onset of @entity299 to provide an intervention to prevent @entity712 progress.

title: [Anthracycline-induced XXXX : report of fatal cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac damage']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['AIC', 'anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity161 @entity1 experience residual symptoms even after treatment. @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is often used in medication-resistant @entity161 @entity1 when pharmacologic interventions have failed; however, the mechanism of action is unclear. @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) levels are reduced in drug-naive, first-episode @entity161 and are increased by antipsychotic treatment. We tested the hypothesis that @entity34 increases serum @entity2252 levels by measuring @entity2252 concentrations in @entity161 @entity1 before and after they received @entity34 . METHODS: A total of 160 @entity1 with @entity161 were examined. The @entity34 group (n=80) was treated with antipsychotics and @entity34 (eight to 10 sessions administered every other day). The drug therapy group (n=80) received only antipsychotic treatment. A control group (n=77) was recruited that served as the baseline for comparison. RESULTS: Baseline serum @entity2252 level in @entity34 group was lower than in controls (9.7  2.1 vs. 12.4  3.2ng/ml; P<0.001), but increased after @entity34 , such that there was no difference between the two groups (11.9  3.3 vs. 12.4  3.2ng/ml; P=0.362). There was no correlation between @entity1 ' Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score and serum @entity2252 level before @entity34 ; however, a negative correlation was observed after @entity34 (total: r=-0.692; P<0.01). From baseline to remission after @entity34 , serum @entity2252 level increased (P<0.001) and their PANSS score decreased (P<0.001). Changes in @entity2252 level (2.21  4.10ng/ml) and PANSS score (28.69  14.96) were positively correlated in the @entity34 group (r=0.630; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2252 level was lower in @entity161 @entity1 relative to healthy controls before @entity34 and medication. @entity2252 level increased after @entity34 and medication, and its longitudinal change was associated with changes in @entity1 ' @entity716 . These results indicate that @entity2252 mediates the antipsychotic effects of @entity34 .

title: Increased serum @entity2252 levels following electroconvulsive therapy or antipsychotic treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['ECT', 'Electroconvulsive therapy']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injectable @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) has been used to correct age- or disease-related facial @entity51 . OBJECTIVE: This single-center, retrospective survey evaluated @entity15274 for cosmetic use. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A questionnaire was mailed to 281 @entity1 treated with @entity15274 6 months or more previously. @entity15274 was reconstituted 4 hours or more before injection with 5 mL of sterile water plus 1 mL of 1% @entity3303 added before injection. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-one @entity1 responded (210 female; average age 54.3; average treatments 3.3 per @entity1 ); the majority had received facial injections. Transient side effects included @entity2981 , swelling, and discomfort. After treatment (1-6 months), 14/41 @entity1 developed Grade 1 papules or nodules (slightly palpable, nonvisible; clinically nonrelevant; all resolved spontaneously), 15/41 developed Grade 2 papules or nodules (palpable, slightly visible; clinically nonrelevant; all resolved spontaneously), and 12/41 developed Grade 3 nodules (easily palpable, obviously visible [9 perioral; 3 periorbital or temple]; 5 resolved spontaneously; 7 were treated [5 intralesional corticosteroids; 2 surgery]). CONCLUSION: @entity1 treated with @entity15274 experienced duration of improvement of up to 24 months. Maximum improvement took several treatment sessions. Nodules occurred in perioral and periorbital regions, so incidence is reduced by avoiding these areas.

title: Injectable XXXX : 3 years of aesthetic experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-l-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['volume deficits']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['xylocaine']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly-l-lactic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that in @entity1 with a partial @entity474 (PAVSD) and a competent left @entity340 (LAVV), sutures should be placed across the line of apposition of the superior and inferior bridging leaflets, septal commissure (SC), to prevent the development of regurgitation. Outcome of surgery and risk factors for the need for LAVV reoperation of @entity1 with mild or no LAVV regurgitation (LAVVR) were evaluated. BACKGROUND: Controversy over management of the LAVV in PAVSD. METHOD: One hundred and forty seven @entity1 with PAVSD underwent surgical repair at the Royal Brompton Hospital between January 1983 and December 1999. Of this group, 21 (16.7%) had LAVVR of sufficient severity to require surgical intervention and were therefore excluded from analysis. The median age and weight at repair of those with mild or no LAVVR was 4.1 years and 15.4 kg. One hundred and eight had normal chromosomes, 13 Down @entity4310 . The interatrial communication was closed using a pericardial patch in 62.7% and with synthetic material in the remainder. Intraoperative testing of LAVV competence was undertaken using saline injection into the left ventricle. In 80.9%, sutures were placed across the line of apposition of the left sided superior and inferior bridging leaflets partially to close the SC (sometimes incorrectly named the mitral valve cleft). RESULT: The overall hospital mortality was 3.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1, 8.4%), which did not differ statistically in the last 20 years. No specific risk factors for early @entity204 were identified. Eleven @entity1 (8.7%, 95% CI 4.7, 15.4%) required reoperation, 10 for LAVV repair and 1 resection of @entity475 . Univariate analysis of risk factors for LAVV reoperation were low weight, relatively small size LAVV, the presence of a small preoperative interventricular interchordal communication and duration of ventilation. Ten (9.8%) of 102 @entity1 in whom SC was sutured required LAVV reoperation but none for 24 in whom the commissure was left alone. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that in the absence of preoperative LAVVR it is necessary to place sutures in the SC has not been proven. We consider that in addition to preoperative cross sectional echocardiographic assessment of LAVVR intraoperative evaluation of LAVV function allows discrimination between those valves where sutures to the septal commissure are necessary and those where the valve can be left undisturbed.

title: The left @entity340 in partial XXXX : management strategy and surgical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome and five other syndromes']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']


abstract: Seven consecutive @entity1 with @entity244 , cared for by the obstetric team in conjunction with the cardiology service, were reviewed to assess the possible role of prophylactic heparin therapy and intensive care on the outcome of these @entity1 . In each @entity1 , the diagnosis of @entity6924 was established by the demonstration of @entity8577 with a predominantly right-to-left shunt at cardiac catheterization. Five of the seven @entity1 died as follows: Three @entity1 died between the fifth and eighth post-partum days, one @entity1 died during the twenty-sixth week of pregnancy, and one @entity1 died on the fifth postoperative day following tubal ligation. All of these five @entity1 received prophylactic heparin therapy. In three @entity1 , heparin therapy was complicated by excessive @entity548 during the postoperative or postpartum period. Autopsy examination in two @entity1 revealed no evidence of @entity715 in the main pulmonary arteries and no @entity8995 , contrary to the antemortem clinical suspicion. The two survivors did not receive prophylactic heparin. They comprised one @entity1 who had normal delivery and one @entity1 who underwent tubal ligation and induction of abortion. We conclude that the prohibitive mortality rate of @entity6924 during pregnancy, puerpurium, or surgical procedures probably cannot be modified with prophylactic heparin therapy. Anticoagulant treatment does not prevent deterioration of @entity1 and probably compounds the problem by causing significant @entity548 .

title: XXXX in pregnancy: does heparin prophylaxis improve the maternal mortality rate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarction']

entities_list: @entity8577 :: ('MESH:D065627', 'Disease') :: ['equal pulmonary arterial and aortic pressures']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Eisenmenber's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ["Eisenmenger's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity6924 :: (MESH:D004541,Disease) :: ['Eisenmenger's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our study assesses the impact of oral contraceptive use on @entity0 in-situ (BCIS) risk. METHODS: We conducted a population based case-control study of incident BCIS among black and white @entity1 ages 35-64 years residing in Los Angeles County. Case @entity1 (n = 567) were newly diagnosed with BCIS and control @entity1 (n = 614) were identified by random digit dialing between 1 March 1995 and 31 May 1998. All subjects were required to have had a mammogram in the 2 years before case diagnosis or control recruitment. Data were collected during in- @entity1 interviews. Multivariable logistic regression analyses provide estimates of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: Oral contraceptive use was not associated with risk of BCIS (OR = 1.04, 95% CI (0.76-1.42)). Risk did not increase with longer periods of use. No associations with BCIS risk were observed for oral contraceptive use before first term pregnancy, age at first oral contraceptive use, or for time since last use. Risk was not modified by @entity172 dose, age, race, or parity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with recent results on invasive @entity0 reported for the @entity1 's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study and show no association between oral contraceptive use and risk of BCIS.

title: Oral contraceptive use and risk of XXXX in situ (United States).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the role of @entity19989 ( @entity19989 ) in experimental autoimmune @entity1596 (EAU). METHODS: EAU was induced in B10.RIII @entity19 by subcutaneous injection of @entity25948 ( @entity25948 ) 161-180 emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant and evaluated with clinical and histopathologic observation. Total protein of draining lymph nodes (DLNs) was extracted from the control, EAU, or recovery phase @entity19 . @entity1961    T cells were separated from lymphocytes with magnetic-assisted cell sorting. At the same time, some of the @entity1961    T cells were cultured with or without recombinant @entity29799 (rTL1A, the @entity19989 ligand) for three days, and the supernatants were collected for the @entity636 ( @entity636 ) test. @entity19989 mRNA and protein levels in @entity1961    T cells and the endogenous concentration of @entity29799 in @entity19 DLNs were assessed with real-time PCR or western blotting. Levels of @entity636 in the supernatants were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Histopathological and clinical data revealed @entity32 in the immunized @entity19 . The @entity32 reached its peak on day 14 in EAU and had resolved in the recovery phase (weeks 4-5 or more after @entity25948 immunization). @entity1961    T cells obtained from EAU (day 7 or 14) had higher levels of @entity19989 mRNA and protein expression compared with the control group treated with complete Freund's adjuvant alone and the recovery group. However, the @entity19989 mRNA and protein levels on day 21 in EAU were similar to those observed in the control and recovery groups. The endogenous levels of @entity29799 were upregulated in EAU, and decreased in the recovery phase @entity19 . Adding rTL1A increased the production of @entity636 by @entity1961    T cells isolated from @entity19 DLNs. Moreover, the increased @entity636 levels in the culture supernatant of @entity1961    T cells from EAU were much higher than those from the control and recovery phase @entity19 . However, the effects on promoting @entity636 production in @entity29799 -stimulated @entity1961    T cells were similar between the controland recovery groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity19989 expression is induced during EAU and may be involved in the development of this disease, possibly by promoting @entity636 secretion.

title: Upregulation of @entity19989 expression in XXXX    T cells promotes secretion of @entity636 in experimental autoimmune @entity1596 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['severe intraocular inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity25948 :: ('19661(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IRBP', 'interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein']

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: Authors have reviewed 322 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 confirmed by pathological studies between October 1973 and August 1987 in order to determine the frequency, clinical presentation, and lesion localization of metastatic @entity1313 in the elderly. Among 322 @entity1 with @entity5 , 7 @entity1 with primary @entity1313 and 21 @entity1 with metastatic @entity1313 were found. The over-all frequency of @entity3 to the brain was 5.8%. This frequency of brain metastasis in the elderly was lower than those of the previous literature which have varied from 9 to 35%. The @entity1 ' ages with metastatic @entity1313 ranged from 65 to 88 years with a median age of 77.5 years. The primary @entity5 sites of metastatic @entity1313 were limited to 5 kinds of organs. These @entity3 were found in 27.3% of 11 @entity1 with @entity0 , 17.5% of 80 @entity1 with @entity2 , 6.7% of 15 @entity1 with bile duct system @entity5 , 5.0% of 20 @entity1 with @entity788 , and 2.0% of 91 @entity1 with @entity356 . There was no brain metastasis in the other kinds of @entity189 . Among 21 metastatic @entity1313 , there were 14 @entity1 with @entity2 , 3 @entity1 with @entity0 , 2 @entity1 with @entity356 , 1 @entity1 with @entity201 , and 1 @entity1 with @entity788 . In this series, the frequency of single and multiple @entity3 were 13 and 8 cases, respectively. The multiple brain @entity3 ranged from 2 to 6 nodules. In 21 metastatic @entity1313 , there were 42 metastatic nodules in total.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Metastatic XXXX in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Utilization of evidence-based treatments for @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) outside high-volume centers is not well-characterized. We sought to describe trends in treatment and outcomes, and identify predictors of therapy within a nationwide integrated health system. METHODS: Observational cohort study of @entity1 with @entity14 treated within the Veterans Affairs (VA) health system (1998-2012). Secular trends and outcomes were compared on the basis of treatment type. Multivariate regression was used to identify predictors of no treatment (chemotherapy or surgery). RESULTS: Among 3270 @entity1 , 57.3  % received treatment (chemotherapy and/or surgery) during the study period. The proportion receiving treatment doubled (38  % in 1998 vs. 68  % in 2012; trend test, p  <  0.001), primarily driven by increased use of chemotherapy (26 vs. 57  %; trend test, p  <  0.001). Among @entity1 having surgery (16  %), the proportion having ablation (10 vs. 61.9  %; trend test, p  <  0.001) and multimodality therapy (15 vs. 67  %; trend test, p  <  0.001) increased significantly over time. Older @entity1 [65-75  years: odds ratio (OR) 1.65, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.39-1.97; >75  years: OR 3.84, 95  % CI 3.13-4.69] and those with high comorbidity index (Charlson >= 3: OR 1.47, 95  % CI 1.16-1.85) were more likely to be untreated. Overall survival was significantly different based on treatment strategy (log-rank p  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity14 @entity1 receiving treatment within the largest integrated health system in the US (VA health system) has increased substantially over time; however, one in three @entity1 still does not receive any treatment. Future initiatives should focus on increasing treatment among older @entity1 as well as on evaluating reasons leading to the no-treatment approach and increased use of ablation procedures.

title: Patterns of Care for XXXX Within an Integrated Health System: Secular Trends and Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC-LM', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Liver Metastasis']


abstract: The parents of 3649 Finnish @entity1 and adolescents were interviewed in 1980 to evaluate the prevalence of @entity565 , @entity2023 and @entity483 . The same group was interviewed 6 years later to determine the incidence of new cases of @entity565 in the 1980s. Age- and sex-matched samples were taken from three areas, southern, eastern and northern Finland to allow assessment of possible regional differences in prevalences and incidences. The prevalences of @entity483 , @entity2023 and @entity565 were 1.7%, 6.0% and 4.3%, respectively. These figures are similar to those found in previous studies in Scandinavia and Finland over 10 years ago. The prevalence of @entity402 was highest (6.4%) in southern Finland, which is the most urbanized area of our country. The prevalence of @entity565 was highest (3.3%) in northern Finland. This is still low when compared with the incidences in other European countries. THe prevalences of @entity565 and @entity402 were lowest in eastern Finland which is the most agrarian area. The incidence of @entity565 was 1.5 cases/1000 individuals/year, but regional differences were shown.

title: Asthma, XXXX and @entity483 in Finnish @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema', 'atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: A prospective randomized trial involving 64 @entity1 with @entity548 peptic ulcers was performed to assess the efficacy of two modalities of injection therapy. The inclusion criterion was the presence of active @entity548 or a visible vessel at emergency endoscopy. Thirty-two @entity1 were treated with @entity1425 (Group A) and 32 with @entity1425 plus @entity556 (Group B). Permanent hemostasis was achieved in 81.3% Group A, and 84.4% Group B @entity1 , and therapy failures occurred in 18.6% and 15.6%, respectively. Mortality was nil in both groups. There were no differences in the requirement for emergency surgery, or in the number of transfusions in the two groups. A second elective endoscopy was performed in 49 @entity1 between the 3rd and the 5th day after admission, proceeding to a second injection therapy if a visible vessel was still seen. There were no failures among re-injected @entity1 . With one exception, none of the failures occurred in @entity1 in whom a second endoscopy was done. Our results suggest that injection therapy, which is a simple technique, should be considered as the initial treatment of choice in @entity548 peptic ulcer. The addition of @entity556 to @entity1425 does not improve the results of the method. An early second endoscopy and local therapy if a visible vessel is still present, may further improve the results.

title: Injection therapy of @entity548 peptic ulcer. A prospective, randomized trial using @entity1425 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: @entity10094 is defined as the presence of bacteria in ascitic fluid without clinical features of @entity298 or increased ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cells. @entity10094 is a controversial entity, and little information is available regarding its spontaneous evolution. Clinical features, bacteriological data and outcome in 22 cirrhotic @entity1 with asymptomatic bacterascites are reported and are compared with those of a group of 36 cirrhotic @entity1 with spontaneous @entity298 . Eleven @entity1 had gram-negative bacteria and 11 had one gram-positive bacteria. Only in three @entity1 (13.6%) did @entity298 develop. Twelve @entity1 received no antibiotic therapy, and in none did @entity298 develop. At 1 month, 27% of @entity1 with asymptomatic bacterascites had died. @entity1 with asymptomatic bacterascites had @entity409 ; they more frequently had gram-positive bacteria in ascitic fluid and had a lower 1-mo mortality rate than did @entity1 with spontaneous @entity298 . We conclude that asymptomatic bacterascites is usually the transient residence of bacteria in ascitic fluid. @entity298 rarely develops in @entity1 with asymptomatic bacterascites and, in most of them, antibiotic therapy is not required.

title: @entity10094 : is it spontaneous XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['Asymptomatic bacterascites']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['less-severe liver disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis', 'Peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['bacterial peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a common @entity102 that often requires lifelong care. Available practice parameters provide evidence-based recommendations for addressing aspects of care. OBJECTIVE: This guideline is designed to assist primary care providers as well as sleep medicine specialists, surgeons, and dentists who care for @entity1 with @entity27 by providing a comprehensive strategy for the evaluation, management and long-term care of adult @entity1 with @entity27 . METHODS: The Adult @entity27 Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) was assembled to produce a clinical guideline from a review of existing practice parameters and available literature. All existing evidence-based AASM practice parameters relevant to the evaluation and management of @entity27 in adults were incorporated into this guideline. For areas not covered by the practice parameters, the task force performed a literature review and made consensus recommendations using a modified nominal group technique. RECOMMENDATIONS: Questions regarding @entity27 should be incorporated into routine health evaluations. Suspicion of @entity27 should trigger a comprehensive sleep evaluation. The diagnostic strategy includes a sleep-oriented history and physical examination, objective testing, and education of the @entity1 . The presence or absence and severity of @entity27 must be determined before initiating treatment in order to identify those @entity1 at risk of developing the complications of @entity387 , guide selection of appropriate treatment, and to provide a baseline to establish the effectiveness of subsequent treatment. Once the diagnosis is established, the @entity1 should be included in deciding an appropriate treatment strategy that may include positive airway pressure devices, oral appliances, behavioral treatments, surgery, and/or adjunctive treatments. @entity27 should be approached as a @entity102 requiring long-term, multidisciplinary management. For each treatment option, appropriate outcome measures and long-term follow-up are described.

title: Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic disorder']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: The observation showing that @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ), the pathological hallmark of @entity191 ( @entity191 ), is found in the gut of almost all @entity191 subjects led to a substantial amount of research to develop a diagnostic procedure in living @entity1 based on endoscopically obtained gastrointestinal biopsies. However, the existing studies have provided conflicting results regarding the sensitivity and specificity of gastrointestinal biopsies for the detection of @entity1832 . We therefore undertook a multi-center staining and blinded judging of a common set of slides from colonic biopsies to determine the optimal protocol for the detection of @entity1832 . Four different immunohistochemical methods, developed in four separate expert laboratories, were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity to detect enteric @entity1832 . Test sets of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections from biopsies of 9 @entity191 subjects and 3 controls were stained with the 4 methods and graded by 4 different observers. Four types of staining morphology (granular staining in the lamina propria, perivascular/vascular wall staining in the submucosa, lacy-granular pattern in the submucosa and epithelial cell nuclear staining) were variably observed in the slides stained by the 4 methods. Positive @entity8095 staining was observed by all 5 judges in most of the slides from control cases, regardless of the staining methods that were used. Moreover, none of the tested method or staining pattern had a specificity and sensitivity more than 80  % regarding to @entity191 . Overall, our study suggest that the tested methods are not adequate for the prediction of @entity191 using gastrointestinal biopsies. Future studies are warranted to test new immunostaining methods.

title: Evaluation of @entity8095 immunohistochemical methods for the detection of XXXX in gastrointestinal biopsies.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['LTS', 'Lewy type synucleinopathy']

answer: @entity1832 :: (MESH:D020961,Disease) :: ['Lewy-type synucleinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a 40 mg @entity1667 injection proximal to the @entity923 in @entity1 with the @entity923 . DESIGN: Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient neurology clinic in a district general hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 with symptoms of the @entity923 for more than 3 months, confirmed by electrophysiological tests and aged over 18 years. INTERVENTION: Injection with 10 mg @entity3303 ( @entity3303 ) or 10 mg @entity3303 and 40 mg @entity1667 . Non-responders who had received @entity3303 received 40 mg @entity1667 and 10 mg @entity3303 and were followed in an open study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 were scored as having improved or not improved. Improved was defined as no symptoms or minor symptoms requiring no further treatment. RESULTS: At 1 month 6 (20%) of 30 @entity1 in the control group had improved compared with 23 (77%) of 30 @entity1 the intervention group (difference 57% (95% confidence interval 36% to 77%)). After 1 year, 2 of 6 improved @entity1 in the control group did not need a second treatment, compared with 15 of 23 improved @entity1 in the intervention group (difference 43% (23% to 63%). Of the 28 non-responders in the control group, 24 (86%) improved after @entity1667 . Of these 24 @entity1 , 12 needed surgical treatment within one year. CONCLUSION: A single injection with @entity230 close to the @entity923 may result in long term improvement and should be considered before surgical decompression.

title: Injection with @entity1667 proximal to the XXXX : randomised double blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) is used in the treatment of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) but is also a risk factor for @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ) @entity548 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with continued ASA use in @entity1 with @entity583 who develop @entity10189 @entity548 . METHODS: @entity583 @entity1 who developed @entity10189 @entity548 during the same hospitalization at two tertiary care hospitals in Edmonton, Alberta, between January 1999 and December 2006, were evaluated retrospectively. Multivariate analysis was used to determine predictors of the primary outcome of continued ASA use during @entity10189 @entity548 . RESULTS: A total of 102 @entity1 were analyzed. Thirty-eight @entity1 (37%) were continued on ASA, while 64 (63%) had ASA discontinued during their hospitalization. On multivariate regression analysis, significant predictors of continued ASA use included lowrisk ulcer stigmata on endoscopy (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 10.2; P=0.01) and @entity583 requiring coronary intervention (OR 8.2; 95% CI 2.1 to 32.1; P=0.002). The mean (+/- SD) blood transfusion requirement was 3.9+/-3.6 units. The 30-day rebleeding and mortality rates were 14% and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The continued use of ASA during @entity583 and @entity10189 @entity548 was variable. However, @entity1 with low-risk ulcers and those who received coronary intervention were more likely to have ASA continued during @entity10189 @entity548 . Further studies evaluating the gastrointestinal risk of immediate ASA use in @entity583 with @entity16950 are required.

title: XXXX use in @entity1 with @entity583 and peptic ulcer bleeding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease', 'PUD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity16950 :: ('MESH:D010438', 'Disease') :: ['acute PUD bleeding']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: Antihypertensive agents may differ in their effects on central systolic blood pressure, and this may contribute to treatment-related differences in cardiovascular outcomes. In a substudy of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial, we investigated whether directly measured carotid systolic blood pressure differed between @entity1 randomized to @entity3591 - and @entity2165 -based therapies and whether this is accounted for by differences in wave reflection patterns. Additional analysis was undertaken to establish whether differences in carotid systolic blood pressure predicted left ventricular mass, accounting for between-treatment differences in left ventricular mass index. Blood pressure and flow velocity were measured in the right carotid artery of 259 @entity1 . Wave intensity analysis was used to separate and quantify forward and backward waves. Brachial blood pressure did not differ significantly between groups, but carotid systolic blood pressure (127 [12] versus 133 [15] mm Hg; P<0.001), the ratio of backward:forward pressure (0.48 [0.17] versus 0.53 [0.19]; P=0.01), and wave reflection index (19.8% [10.9%] versus 23.3% [13.3%]; P=0.02) were significantly lower in @entity1 randomized to @entity3591 -based therapy. Left ventricular mass index was also lower in this group, and adjustment for carotid blood pressure attenuated treatment differences to a greater extent than brachial blood pressure. Carotid systolic blood pressure was also a significant independent predictor of left ventricular mass index in a multivariate model. Carotid systolic blood pressure is lower in @entity1 randomized to @entity3591 -based compared with @entity2165 -based treatment despite there being no significant difference in brachial blood pressure. This difference is attributable to a lesser magnitude of wave reflection in @entity1 randomized to the @entity3591 -based regimen.

title: Differences in the magnitude of wave reflection account for differential effects of @entity3591 - versus XXXX -based regimens on central blood pressure: an Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial substudy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

answer: @entity2165 :: (MESH:D001262,Chemical) :: ['atenolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 -reperfusion @entity8 may worsen transplant outcome. Kidneys with severe injury, such as kidneys of donors after circulatory death, develop @entity4 , which may lead to @entity8 with reduced tissue perfusion. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of capsulotomy during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) of ischemically damaged porcine kidneys. METHODS: Eight pairs of kidneys from slaughterhouse @entity1707 were assigned to two groups (20 and 45 min of warm @entity63 ). After 21 h of HMP, capsulotomy was performed, and perfusion was continued for 2 h. During perfusion, machine flow (Q), renal resistance (RR), renovascular circulating volume (RCV), intraparenchymal pressure (IPP) and weight were recorded. @entity130 was examined with @entity6693 infusion. RESULTS: Mean Q and RCV increased directly after capsulotomy [percentage increase (95% confidence interval): x0394;Q = 32% (17, 47), p = 0.001, and x0394;RCV = 19% (3, 35), p = 0.023]. Mean RR decreased [x0394;RR = -23% (-31, -15), p < 0.001]. Subanalysis comparing both warm @entity63 groups showed no significantly different effect of capsulotomy between groups. There was no @entity6693 leakage after capsulotomy in any kidney. CONCLUSIONS: Renovascular perfusion can be improved with capsulotomy during HMP, without damaging the @entity8 . Follow-up studies need to determine which donor kidneys may benefit from capsulotomy.

title: Capsulotomy of Ischemically Damaged Donor Kidneys: A XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchyma', 'injury of donor kidneys', 'renal compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Parenchymal injury']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pig']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although few @entity1 with @entity43 are cured, detection of the disease at an early stage is associated with a much higher likelihood of survival. We previously used gene expression array analysis to distinguish subsets of advanced @entity5 based on disease outcome. In the present study, we report on gene expression of early-stage @entity5 and validate our prognostic model for @entity5 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Frozen specimens from 39 stage I/II, 42 stage III/IV, and 20 low malignant potential @entity5 were obtained from four different sites. A linear discriminant model was used to predict survival based upon array data. RESULTS: We validated the late-stage survival model and show that three of the most differentially expressed genes continue to be predictive of outcome. Most early-stage @entity5 (38 of 39 invasive, 15 of 20 low malignant potential) were classified as long-term survivors (median probabilities 0.97 and 0.86). MAL, the most differentially expressed gene, was further validated at the protein level and found to be an independent predictor of poor survival in an unselected group of @entity5 (P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity43 detected at an early stage generally have a favorable underlying biology similar to advanced-stage cases that are long-term survivors. Conversely, most @entity43 seem to have a more virulent biology. This insight suggests that if screening approaches are to succeed it will be necessary to develop approaches that are able to detect these virulent @entity5 at an early stage.

title: Microarray analysis of early stage XXXX shows profiles predictive of favorable outcome.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['advanced serous ovarian cancer', 'late-stage ovarian cancers', 'serous ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'advanced-stage cancers', 'advanced serous cancers']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['serous ovarian cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is known that sudden serious events alter life styles related to treatment efficiency, as for example in @entity5 @entity1 . However, it has not been specifically addressed if a first-time @entity6 -related clinical event has impact on glycaemic regulation. We therefore assessed this in a population-based cohort of @entity1 with long-term type 1 @entity6 . METHODS: This study was based on a cohort of type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with at least 20 years duration of @entity6 . Of the 460 @entity1 from the original cohort still alive at 1 January 1994, all @entity1 with a major first-time @entity6 -related clinical event (limb amputation, @entity1939 , @entity64 , @entity299 , or panretinal photocoagulation) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) measurements before, 3 and/or 12 months after the event were included. Differences in HbA(1c) measurements before and after the event were tested with Wilcoxon's test. RESULTS: A total of 64 @entity1 with a major clinical event between 1994 and 2006 entered the study. Mean HbA(1c) measurements decreased from 8.8% at baseline to 8.6% at 3 months and 8.7% after 12 months, a non-significant decrease. In all event groups, glycaemic regulation was unaltered in the majority of the @entity1 . Only a minority worsened or improved their regulation, and in all groups only non-significant changes were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Surprisingly, complication-related events did not improve glycaemic regulation in long-term type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . This is in contrast with the experience from other @entity1 categories and shows how difficult it can be to alter glycaemic regulation in @entity6 @entity1 with stabilized disease.

title: Major XXXX -related vascular events do not improve glycaemic control in a population-based cohort of type 1 @entity6 individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3124 @entity1 often undergo unpleasant procedures. We quantified the effects of an unpleasant stimulus on physiological and behavioral parameters and evaluated how they are modified by sedation and @entity1337 . METHODS: A 6-month study in the 30-bed intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital examined 21 sedated @entity1 from various diagnostic groups. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, pupil size, facial expression, muscle tone, body movement, and the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score were measured before and during intratracheal suctioning, first in sedated @entity1 , after sedation was stopped, and after an opioid bolus. RESULTS: Before intratracheal suctioning, @entity1 had RASS scores of -1.8    1.2 (mean    standard deviation; sedation), -0.6    1.7 (sedation stop), and -0.9    1.4 ( @entity1337 ) (P = 0.014). Intratracheal suctioning significantly increased RASS during both sedation (to -0.6    1.7) and sedation stop (to 1.0    1.5) (both P < 0.01), but not during @entity1337 . Systolic blood pressure increased during sedation (by 9        10 mmHg), during sedation stop (by 15    17 mmHg) and during @entity1337 (by 9    4 mmHg; all P < 0.01), but diastolic pressure only during sedation and sedation stop (both P < 0.01). Facial expression, body movement, and muscle tone changed significantly during the episodes of intratracheal suctioning. Heart rate, tidal volume, and pupil size remained stable under all conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Intratracheal suctioning evoked significant changes in some physiological and behavioral parameters. Some physiological changes were suppressed by @entity1337 , but at our ICU's standard doses, neither @entity1337 nor sedation attenuated changes in behavioral parameters at the intensity tested.

title: Assessment of pain in sedated and mechanically ventilated XXXX : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']