abstract: BACKGROUND: Processed EEG monitoring of anaesthetic depth could be useful in @entity1 receiving general anaesthesia following @entity510 . We conducted an observational study comparing performance characteristics of bispectral index (BIS) and entropy monitoring systems in these @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 of the World Federation of Neurosurgeons grades 1 and 2, undergoing embolization of cerebral @entity438 following acute @entity510 , were recruited to have both BIS and entropy monitoring during general anaesthesia. BIS and entropy indices were matched to clinical indicators of anaesthetic depth. Anaesthetists were blinded to the anaesthetic depth monitoring indices. Analysis of data from monitoring devices allowed calculation of prediction probability (P(K)) constants, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to be performed. RESULTS: BIS and entropy [response entropy (RE), @entity3290 ( @entity3290 )] performed well in their ability to show concordance with clinically observed anaesthetic depth. P(K) values were generally high (BIS 0.966-0.784, RE 0.934-0.663, @entity3290 0.857-0.701) for both forms of monitoring. ROC curve analysis shows a high sensitivity and specificity for all monitoring indices when used to detect the presence or absence of eyelash reflex. Area under curve for BIS, RE and @entity3290 to detect the absence or presence of eyelash reflex was 0.932, 0.888 and 0.887, respectively. RE provides earlier warning of @entity55912 reflex than BIS. CONCLUSION: BIS and entropy monitoring perform well in @entity1 who receive general anaesthesia after good grade @entity510 .

title: A comparison of bispectral index and entropy monitoring, in @entity1 undergoing embolization of cerebral XXXX after @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55912 :: ('MESH:C536554', 'Disease') :: ['return of eyelash']

entities_list: @entity3290 :: ('MESH:D062706', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'state entropy']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical utility of nuclear morphometry by confocal laser scanning microscopy for the diagnosis of @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: The study included 51 @entity1 with bile duct strictures who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Based on the initial workup, 6 @entity1 were diagnosed with benign strictures, and 12 @entity1 had malignant strictures, while in the remaining 33 cases the diagnoses were inconsistent, due mainly to inadequate samples. Smears from ERCP brushings were stained for DNA with @entity2667 . Nuclear morphometry was assessed on images acquired by a confocal laser scanning microscope. Three parameters-nuclear volume, nuclear shape and nuclear staining intensity-were calculated. Based on these features, a distinctive nuclear morphometric pattern was attributed to the malignant nuclei, and its predictive value was assessed prospectively in the 33 undiagnosed cases. RESULTS: After an overall median follow-up period of 8 months, 19 @entity1 were diagnosed with malignant strictures, and 14 @entity1 were considered to have benign strictures. With respect to the prediction of @entity5 , the sensitivity of the described method was 78%, the specificity was 63%, the positive predictive value was 64%, and the negative predictive value was 80%. CONCLUSION: Nuclear morphometry may provide significant information for the diagnosis of @entity1157 when conventional cytology fails to.

title: Contribution of nuclear morphometry by confocal laser scanning microscopy to the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary strictures', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bile duct strictures']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['malignant bile duct strictures']


abstract: Severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) often leads to a bad outcome with considerable @entity51 . Secondary @entity1545 due to a rise of intracranial pressure ( @entity131 ) and global @entity519 - @entity63 are critical and may be reduced in extent by mild @entity2332 . A porcine animal model was used to study the effect of severe @entity131 , induced by fluid percussion (FP; 3.5+/-0.3 atm) in combination with a secondary insult, i.e., temporary @entity190 with @entity551 . Six-week-old juvenile @entity1707 were subjected to this kind of severe @entity131 ; one group was then submitted to moderate @entity2332 at 32 degrees C for 6 h, starting 1 h after @entity1545 . Animals were killed after 24 h. @entity131 and @entity2332 -associated alterations in the brains were investigated by immunohistochemistry with antibodies against @entity53481 ( @entity53481 ) and beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP). In addition, DNA fragmentation was investigated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Seven of the 13 normothermic @entity131 animals developed a secondary increase in @entity131 ( @entity131 ) after an interval of several hours. None of the animals in the hypothermic @entity130 ( @entity131 ) group exhibited a secondary @entity131 increase, indicating a protective effect of the treatment. @entity131 animals showed significantly higher levels of @entity53481 immunoreactivity, lower levels of betaAPP immunoreactivity and less DNA fragmentation than the @entity131 animals. Differences between the @entity131 group and normothermic animals without an @entity131 increase ( @entity131 -NT) were less marked. A considerable decrease in @entity53481 outside the site of @entity131 -FP administration was seen only in the @entity131 animals. @entity53481 immunohistochemistry was thus a reliable marker of diffuse @entity75 . @entity21 was present in all @entity131 groups, indicating its special significance in neurotrauma. Thus, severe @entity131 caused by FP, combined with temporary @entity190 , consistently produced traumatic @entity21 and focal @entity75 . Mild @entity2332 was able to prevent a secondary increase in @entity131 and its sequelae of diffuse @entity2806 . However, @entity2332 did not afford protection from traumatic @entity21 .

title: Immunomorphological sequelae of severe @entity1545 induced by fluid-percussion in juvenile XXXX --effects of mild @entity2332 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'TBI-NT-ICP', 'TBI-HT', 'TBI', 'ICP']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity53481 :: ('100153306(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['MAP-2', 'microtubule-associated protein 2']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Axonal injury', 'axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of invasive procedures, hemostatic and clinical variables, the timing of beta-blocker therapy, and the doses of recombinant plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on @entity548 events. DESIGN: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Hospitals participating in the Thrombolysis in @entity583 , Phase II trial (TIMI II). INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received rt-PA, heparin, and @entity117 . The total dose of rt-PA was 150 mg for the first 520 @entity1 and 100 mg for the remaining 2819 @entity1 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to an invasive strategy (coronary arteriography with percutaneous angioplasty [if feasible] done routinely 18 to 48 hours after the start of thrombolytic therapy) or to a conservative strategy (coronary arteriography done for recurrent spontaneous or exercise-induced @entity63 ). Eligible @entity1 were also randomly assigned to either immediate intravenous or deferred beta-blocker therapy. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 were monitored for @entity548 events during hospitalization. MAIN RESULTS: In @entity1 on the 100-mg rt-PA regimen, major and minor @entity548 events were more common among those assigned to the invasive than among those assigned to the conservative strategy (18.5% versus 12.8%, P less than 0.001). Major or minor @entity548 events were associated with the extent of @entity2002 breakdown, peak rt-PA levels, @entity882 , prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to more than 90 seconds, weight of 70 kg or less, female gender, and physical signs of @entity299 . Immediate intravenous beta-blocker therapy had no important effect on @entity548 events when compared with delayed beta-blocker therapy. @entity932 were more frequent among @entity1 treated with the 150-mg rt-PA dose than with the 100-mg rt-PA dose (2.1% versus 0.5%, P less than 0.001). The extent of the @entity1351 -mediated @entity4461 was also greater in @entity1 receiving the 150-mg dose. CONCLUSIONS: Increased morbidity due to @entity548 is associated with an invasive management strategy in @entity1 with @entity583 . Our findings show the complex interaction of several factors in the occurrence of @entity548 events during thrombolytic therapy.

title: @entity548 events during therapy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, heparin, and XXXX for @entity583 . Results of the Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI), Phase II Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac decompensation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and related predictors of @entity1296 in a sample of community-dwelling @entity1 65 years of age and older living in a metropolitan area in Germany. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Interdisciplinary Centre of Gerontology at the University of Erlangen- Nuremberg, Germany. @entity1 : 6000 @entity1 aged 65 years and older recruited and randomized from the registration office, 1801 were fully evaluated at baseline and were re-evaluated in a prospective follow-up two years later. A full data set was obtained for 620 @entity1 , of which 297 (47.9%) were females. Mean age was 73.45 +/- 6.05. 200 @entity1 (32.4%) were 65-69 years, 315 (51%) were 70-79 years, 92 (14.9%) 80-89 years and 11 (1.8%) 90 years and older. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic, medical, functional and psychological factors were measured by a standardised questionnaire in 2004. In a follow-up survey @entity1 were reevaluated in a prospective design two years later (2006), including a @entity1296 questionnaire, containing frequency, duration, space of @entity1296 and releasing positions and activities. RESULTS: At the second measurement 181 @entity1 (29.2%) reported @entity1296 in the last 6 months. @entity1296 was age dependent, with a prevalence of 27% in @entity1 aged 70 years and younger, up to 54% in the group of 90 years and older. 96 (68.2%) @entity1 reported daily or weekly @entity1296 . 46 (27.9%) @entity1 reported multiple sensations of @entity1296 . In 108 (59.7) @entity1 @entity1296 was released by multiple positions or activities. The main predictors of @entity1296 were age, female gender, @entity65 , @entity170 , @entity308 , @entity25 , @entity2414 , shortsightedness (defined by glasses), @entity322 , 3 and more medical conditions, 4 and more medications, poor health status, @entity998 and mobility problems. We found similar risk factors for @entity1296 and @entity998 . CONCLUSION: @entity1296 is a very common symptom in older community dwelling @entity1 . Comorbidity, poor health status and mobility problems are strong medical predictors; age and female gender and decline in mobility are important predictors as well. Our study suggests, that @entity1296 in older age is often caused by multifactorial medical and functional conditions. Gait @entity74 also seem to play an important role in @entity1296 among older @entity1 . Therefore, interventions in @entity1296 should be developed in a multifactorial way. We suggest, that the interventions to be tested first, should be those that have been previously successful in older @entity1 with gait disorders and @entity998 .

title: XXXX in an older community dwelling population: a multifactorial syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders and mobility problems']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['Dizziness', 'dizziness']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['disturbance of memory']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1296 :: (MESH:D004244,Disease) :: ['Dizziness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity2208 (RSA) is defined as three or more sequential abortions before the twentieth week of gestation. There are evidences to support an allo-immunologic mechanism for RSA. One of the methods for treatment of RSA is leukocyte therapy; however there is still controversy about effectiveness of this method. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of leukocyte therapy for treatment of RSA. METHODS: Ninety two non-pregnant @entity1 with at least three sequential abortions (60 primary _ 32 secondary aborters) recognized as RSA were referred to our Laboratory for immunotherapy. All the cases were immunized by isolated lymphocytes from their husbands. Fifty to 100 million washed and resuspended mononuclear cells were injected by I.V., S.C., and I.D. route. The result of each injection was checked by WBC cross matching between couples after four weeks of injections. Immunization was repeated in fifth week to a maximum of 3 times if needed. Eighty one age-matched non-pregnant RSA @entity1 (52 primary and 29 secondary aborters) with at least three sequential abortions were also included in this study as controls. The control group was not immunized. RESULTS: 67 out of 92 (72.8%) immunized cases and 44 out of 81 controls (54.3%) showed a successful outcome of pregnancy (p<0.02). Comparison of primary and secondary aborters indicated a significantly better outcome only in primary (75% vs. 42.3%. p<0.001) but not in secondary aborters (68.8% vs. 75.9%, p = 0.7). CONCLUSION: The present investigation showed the effectiveness of leukocyte therapy in primary but not in secondary RSA @entity1 . Despite the current controversy and limitation of leukocyte therapy in RSA, the results of our investigation provide evidence supporting the use of allo-immunization in improving the outcome of pregnancy in primary RSA @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of leukocyte immunotherapy in primary recurrent XXXX (RSA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['spontaneous abortion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The characteristics of @entity1645 and its treatment are evaluated in this study. Radiological and surgical findings were correlated and the benefits of the therapy are discussed. METHODS: Eight @entity1 (6 males, 2 females) with @entity1645 were studied. All @entity1 underwent surgery to remove @entity3976 along with neural tissue and to repair the dura and the skin. Associated pathologies such as @entity1276 , @entity601 and @entity1644 were also surgically treated. Follow-up was based on the evaluation of postoperative motor and mental development, as well as on magnetic resonance imaging findings. RESULTS: @entity5033 in 2 @entity1 was the only surgical complication. One @entity1 died 10 days after the operation, 7 @entity1 survived, and the outcome of 2 @entity1 was quite poor because of severe @entity1032 and @entity51 at the beginning. In the remaining @entity1 , motor and mental development was normal, and the neurological outcome was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Surgery in the newborn period, initial severity of @entity51 , the presence of intermittent apnoea, delayed treatment of @entity1276 and the amount of neuronal tissue within the excised @entity3976 were determined as unfavourable prognostic factors for the outcome. If the appropriate surgical procedure is done at the right time, the outcome of the @entity1645 @entity1 can be satisfactory with a low mortality rate.

title: XXXX and results of surgery: a clinical study: report of eight surgically treated cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['encephalocele']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation type III']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['tethered cord syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['Ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari malformation type III']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine expression of cell cycle and apoptotic genes, biochemical analysis of @entity16364 and antisense @entity4910 -transfected @entity16364 ( @entity16364 ) cells in the presence of @entity900 was performed. In addition, biochemical analysis of CAL27 cells before and after treatment with @entity900 was performed to determine expression of cell cycle genes. DESIGN: @entity16364 , @entity16364 , and CAL27 cell lines were treated with @entity900 . Western blot analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and apoptosis assays were performed. SETTING: In vitro study of @entity135 cell lines @entity16364 , @entity16364 , and CAL27. INTERVENTION: @entity16364 , @entity16364 , and CAL27 cells were treated with @entity900 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of @entity986 , @entity3544 , @entity876 , @entity1836 , Bcl-xS, @entity5438 , @entity1673 , @entity7465 , @entity588 , @entity1178 , and @entity1178 -D were assessed using Western blot analysis. RESULTS: There was increased expression of @entity986 , @entity3544 , @entity876 , @entity1836 , and BCLxS genes with @entity900 treatment in the @entity16364 and @entity16364 cells. Expression of @entity5438 , @entity1673 , @entity7465 , @entity588 , c-iun, and @entity1178 -D remained unaltered after treatment. There was decreased phosphorylation of Rb protein with complete absence of hyperphosphorylated Rb in the maximally sensitized antisense @entity4910 -transfected ( @entity16364 ) cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed a decreased G2 phase of the cell cycle and an increased proportion of apoptotic cells in the @entity16364 AS cell line compared with parental @entity16364 cells. Cell killing also occurred in the presence of @entity522 inhibitor. While @entity16364 cells contain wild-type @entity876 , the CAL27 cells have a point mutation in codon 193 ( @entity2775 transversion) of exon 6. However, CAL27 cells still exhibited increased expression of @entity3544 after treatment with @entity900 . CONCLUSIONS: These results, in combination with increased expression of the @entity876 downstream effecter @entity3544 , indicate that the @entity900 -induced cell cycle arrest operates through the @entity986 / @entity876 -dependent pathway, and a caspase-independent pathway may be involved. Combination treatment of @entity213 via cell cycle inhibition and @entity900 holds promise as a potential therapy in the clinical setting.

title: @entity900 -induced growth arrest of @entity135 cells correlates with increased expression of XXXX and @entity876 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: The aim of the study was to elucidate aquaporin (AQP) family member mRNA expression and protein expression/localization in the @entity35 lacrimal functional unit. The mRNA expression of all @entity35 AQPs ( @entity54519 -9, 11-12) in @entity910 , @entity267 , lacrimal gland, and Meibomian gland was measured by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and real time RT-PCR. Antibodies against @entity6095 , 3, 4, 5, 9, and 11 were used in Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to determine protein expression and distribution. Our study demonstrated characteristic AQP expression profiles in @entity35 ocular tissues. @entity6095 , 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 mRNA were detected in conjunctiva. @entity54519 , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, and 12 mRNA were expressed in @entity267 . @entity54519 , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 11 mRNA were detected in lacrimal gland. @entity6095 , 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12 mRNA were identified in Meibomian gland. By Western blot, @entity6095 , 3, 5, and 11 were detected in conjunctiva; @entity6095 , 3, 5, and 11 were identified in @entity267 ; @entity6095 , 3, 4, 5, and 11 were detected in lacrimal gland; and @entity6095 , 3, 4, 5, 9, and 11 were present in Meibomian gland. Immunohistochemistry localized AQPs to distinct sites in the various tissues. This study rigorously analyzed AQPs expression and localization in @entity35 conjunctiva, @entity267 , lacrimal gland, and Meibomian gland tissues. Our findings provide a comprehensive platform for further investigation into the physiological or pathophysiological relevance of AQPs in ocular surface.

title: Expression profiles of aquaporins in @entity35 conjunctiva, XXXX , lacrimal gland and Meibomian gland.

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral, fornical, and bulbar conjunctiva']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: Ultrastructurally identified inhibitory synapses in layer II of @entity35 sensorimotor cortex decline between middle and old age [Poe, B.H., Linville, C., Brunso-Bechtold, J., 2001. Age-related decline of presumptive inhibitory synapses in the sensorimotor cortex as revealed by the physical disector. J. Comp. Neurol. 439, 65-72]. The current study investigated whether a loss or shrinkage of @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )ergic interneurons contribute to that decline. Coronal sections from middle-aged (15-17 months) and old (25-29 months) Fischer 344 X Brown Norway male @entity35 were immunoreacted with antibodies to the @entity1246 synthesizing enzyme @entity367 decarboxylase (GAD); the @entity460 -binding protein @entity7053 ( @entity7053 ), or the neuronal marker @entity2141 . The number of GAD-immunoreactive (IR), @entity7053 -IR, and @entity2141 -IR cells were determined stereologically using the optical disector technique and the cross-sectional areas of GAD-IR cells were measured in layers II/III, IV, V and VI of sensorimotor cortex. Neither the number of GAD-IR or @entity2141 -IR cells, nor the size of GAD-IR cells, declined significantly between middle and old age. A modest decline in the @entity7053 -IR subset of inhibitory interneurons was observed, predominantly due to changes in layers V and VI. Stereological analysis of layer II/III GAD-IR boutons revealed a stability of immunocytochemically identified inhibitory terminals. Taken together, these results indicate a general maintenance of overall GABAergic neurons in sensorimotor cortex between middle and old age and the loss of ultrastructurally identified inhibitory synapses may be due to the decline of a subset of GABAergic terminals.

title: Maintenance of inhibitory interneurons and boutons in sensorimotor cortex between middle and old age in Fischer 344 X Brown XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Norway rats']


abstract: Guidelines for the treatment of risk factors in @entity6 care have been updated recently, due to indisputable results from clinical end-point trials. This study evaluates risk factor control compared with current national and international targets during the period 1996-2003 in Type 2 @entity6 ( @entity4989 ). @entity1 were registered in primary-care and hospital outpatient clinics using computer software, or via the Internet. The clinical characteristics of the @entity1 , treatment, HbA(1c), and risk factors were reported after screening by local methods. The numbers of cases of @entity4989 reported were 17547 in 1996 and 57119 in 2003. The mean HbA(1c) decreased from 7.8 to 7.2%, while blood pressure decreased from 150/82 to 143/78 mmHg during the same period. Longitudinal analysis of results was performed in 5356 @entity1 repeatedly reported, showing slightly lower effects. The new European treatment targets of HbA(1c)< or = 6.1%, blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg and total @entity165 < 4.5 mmol/l were attained by 16, 13 and 28% of the @entity1 in 2003, respectively. The prevalence of the @entity209 in 2003 was 77%. @entity117 was prescribed in 36% of cases. Lipid-lowering, anti- @entity101 drugs, and treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents in combination with insulin were increasingly employed during the period studied. Risk factor control in @entity4989 reported to the National @entity6 Register (NDR) is slowly improving, although multiple risk factors and the @entity209 are found in most @entity1 . The majority of subjects do not achieve current target levels for HbA(1c), blood pressure and blood lipids. Thus, giving up smoking and increased use of @entity117 are called for, as well as more aggressive treatment of hyperglycaemia, @entity551 and blood lipid levels, in accordance with updated international guidelines.

title: The gap between guidelines and reality: Type 2 XXXX in a National @entity6 Register 1996-2003.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['elevated blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Since the rapid proliferation of cells in a directed manner is a necessary component of limb formation, the distribution of locally produced mitogenic molecules within the developing limb is of considerable interest. We have used in situ hybridization to localize transcripts for both @entity7815 ( @entity7815 ) and its ligands, the insulin-like growth factors I and II ( @entity2135 and @entity2620 ), within limb buds of @entity35 embryos 10-16 days after conception (equivalent to stages 1-12 of @entity19 limb morphogenesis, Wanek et al, 1989. J. Exp. Zool. 249, 41-49). The mRNA for @entity7815 is very abundant in an anterior-posterior strip of ectoderm along the distal edge of the limb bud (the progenitor of the apical ectodermal ridge or AER) from as early as limb stage 1 (Embryonic Day 10) and is much less abundant in the rest of the limb ectoderm. A high level of @entity7815 expression continues to characterize the AER following its definitive appearance (stage 3) and throughout its existence (until stage 7). This is a period of rapid outgrowth during which the rate of mesodermal cell division is highest in cells nearest to the AER. The AER is known to have mitogenic activity in vitro and to direct limb outgrowth in vivo, but, until recently, few putative molecular correlates of these activities have been detected. The transcripts for @entity2135 and @entity2620 are also present at high abundance in developing limbs, especially in mesodermally derived cells. @entity2135 mRNA is abundant in presumptive limb mesoderm from the beginning of limb outgrowth (just before stage 1), but is very low or undetectable in much of the rest of the embryo, while @entity2620 mRNA becomes very abundant in limb mesoderm at stage 2. The distribution in limbs of both @entity2135 and @entity2620 mRNA changes dramatically during outgrowth and differentiation, so that their expression characterizes complementary populations of cells by stage 11. Taken together, these data suggest that IGFs and the IGF binding proteins, which may modulate IGF action, contribute to limb outgrowth and patterning.

title: XXXX RNAs are expressed in adjacent tissues within @entity35 embryonic and fetal limbs.

entities_list: @entity7815 :: ('25662(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-2', 'insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2']

answer: @entity7815 :: (25662(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Insulin-like growth factor I and II and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even in pediatric age, @entity28 is associated to cardiovascular risk factors such as @entity2299 , @entity101 and @entity209 , which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in adulthood. AIMS: characterize the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents followed in pediatric endocrinology. METHODS: retrospective analysis of cases followed between January 1997 and June 2008, with age between two and eighteen years. Data analyzed included demographic, epidemiological and clinical parameters. BMI z-score, blood pressure, lipid profile and insulinresistance were also studied. RESULTS: We evaluated 886 @entity1 with a mean age of 9.4 years (SD    3.5), 53.6% female and 60% with @entity28 . The lipid profile was altered in 42.1% of @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity2299 were younger than @entity1 without @entity2299 (9.4    3.33 vs 9.56    3.33, p-0.62) and were predominantly male (55.2% vs 41.1%, p<0.001). There was not a statistically significant difference in z-score between the two groups. @entity101 was found in 32% of cases. In these cases, the mean z-score was significantly higher (2.4    0.54 vs 2.27    0.49; p-0.001). There was not a statistically significant difference in distribution according to age and gender. @entity209 criteria's were found in 5.6% of cases and two @entity1 with type two @entity6 were registered. CONCLUSION: in the studied population we found a worrying number of @entity28 @entity1 with risk factors for @entity65 . In addition to short term complications, the risk of @entity301 and @entity731 in adulthood is high, so it is essential an early screening and surveillance program.

title: [Cardiovascular risk factors and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['High blood pressure', 'high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity', 'android type obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: The mitochondrial @entity5910 dehydrogenase-1 ( @entity56247 ) gene of @entity1460 [ @entity1460 .] spontaneously mutates to a null phenotype at a relatively high rate. To determine the molecular basis for the instability of the @entity56247 gene, the gene was cloned and sequenced. The null phenotype correlated with the deletion of specific genomic restriction fragments that encode the @entity56247 gene. The composition of the @entity56247 gene and its environs were compared with those of the more stable MDH2 gene. Several possible causes of the observed instability were found, including duplications, repeats, and two regions with similarity to a @entity1460 catalase. The most likely cause of instability, however, appeared to be a 1233 bp region with 58.9% identity to the Cyclops retrotransposons. Translation of a 714 bp segment of this region produced a peptide composed of 238 @entity535 residues that showed 35-40% identity and 55-60% similarity to several putative Cyclops gag-pol proteins (group-specific antigen polyprotein). This short peptide also contained a segment that corresponded to the protease active site of the gag-pol protein. Thus in an appropriate genetic background, a retrotransposon, whether whole or fractured, could promote genetic rearrangements.

title: Independent spontaneous mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase null mutants in XXXX are the result of deletions.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'Glycine max (L.) Merr']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine if three-level thin-section CT depicts @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) pathology as accurately as CT obtained at 10-mm increments throughout the entire lungs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thin-section (1.0- to 1.5-mm) images at 10-mm increments were obtained and scored prospectively in 25 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity2416 who were participating in a Special Center of Research grant for @entity401 . Each @entity1 's lobe was scored by four thoracic radiologists on a scale of 0-5 for both ground-glass attenuation and @entity82 . The radiologists used three images (limited CT) and also used the entire data set (complete CT). CT scores were compared with pathology scores from 67 open and thoracoscopic biopsies. Limited and complete scores were compared with each other (Pearson correlation coefficient). Interobserver variation in the CT scoring system was assessed using kappa values. RESULTS: CT @entity82 scores strongly correlated with pathology @entity82 scores for complete (r = .53, p = .0001) and limited (r = .50, p = .0001) CT. CT ground-glass scores correlated with the histologic inflammatory scores for each lobe on complete (r = .27, p = .03) and limited (r = .26, p = .03) CT. The desquamative subcomponent of the pathology inflammatory score had the highest correlation with the CT ground-glass scores (complete: r = .29, p = .01; limited: r = .33, p = .007). Good interobserver agreement existed for both the @entity133 and @entity82 components of the CT scoring system (kappa values ranging from .51 to .83) for each lobe of the lung on limited and complete CT. CONCLUSION: Limited thin-section CT reveals the pathologic changes associated with @entity2416 as well as CT obtained at 10-mm increments. An added advantage of limited thin-section CT is that it exposes @entity1 to less radiation.

title: Thin-section CT obtained at 10-mm increments versus limited three-level thin-section CT for XXXX : correlation with pathologic scoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity173 is a significant health problem for @entity1 and @entity1 ; between 25 and 30 percent of all @entity173 are sustained by @entity1 . Relatively little is known about gender differences in functional outcomes after @entity173 . The purpose of the current study is to compare post- @entity173 functional recovery of @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: A sample of 674 @entity1 age 65 or older were recruited as part of the Baltimore Hip Studies and were followed longitudinally for 1 year following @entity174 . Information on prefracture status and hospital course of treatment was collected as well as functional data at baseline, 2, 6, and 12 months postfracture. Data were analyzed longitudinally using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs). RESULTS: @entity1 in the study were generally younger and suffered greater comorbidity at time of @entity174 . @entity1 further suffered higher mortality in the year following @entity174 . Among survivors, little difference between @entity1 and @entity1 was seen in patterns of recovery of function following @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity173 is not a problem affecting just @entity1 . Recovery following @entity174 for @entity1 is probably no better than that for @entity1 , even after mortality differentially eliminates the frailest male @entity1 . However, psychosocial factors, greater comorbidity, and higher rates of certain complications among @entity1 may require adjustments to interventions designed to restore function. Further research into the consequences of @entity173 for @entity1 and @entity1 is needed.

title: Gender differences in functioning after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip fracture', 'hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction chemotherapy followed by surgical resection or definitive radiotherapy for @entity1 affected by stage IIIA N2 bulky @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) has been investigated in several trials. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this present study, 52 @entity1 with stage IIIA N2 bulky @entity1149 with cytologically or histologically confirmed mediastinal lymph node involvement received @entity1311 175 mg/mq on day 1, @entity3003 AUC 5 on day 1 and @entity136 1,000 mg/mq on day 1 and 8 every 3 weeks for three cycles as induction chemotherapy. RESULTS: Objective response (4 complete remission and 36 partial remission) was achieved in 40/52 @entity1 . No early or toxic deaths were observed. Twenty-two @entity1 were surgically explored. Fifteen were excluded for resection for biopsy-proven @entity5 in mediastinal nodes. Complete surgical resection was performed in 15 @entity1 with confirmed pathological downstaging. Pathological complete response was achieved in 4 @entity1 . No surgery-related mortality or significant morbidity was reported. Adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered in 15 @entity1 , and 30 @entity1 received definitive radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the combination of @entity1311 , @entity3003 and @entity136 has been a safe and active regimen in poor-prognosis stage IIIA N2 bulky @entity1149 .

title: XXXX , @entity3003 and @entity136 combination as induction chemotherapy for stage IIIA N2 bulky @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: Hyperacute rejection (HAR) is a main barrier in xenotransplantation, which is mediated by the combination of natural antibody to the xenograft and complement activation. Current therapies have focus on the inhibition of complement by development of complement inhibitor and transgenic animal organ. Here, we investigated the effects of rFII, a recombinant fibrinogenase from @entity24682 venom, on complement and HAR. The degradation effect of rFII on complement was tested by SDS-PAGE, CH50 examination, ELISA Kit and cofocal immunofluorescence microscopy in vitro and in vivo. An ex-vivo @entity35 -to- @entity1 perfusion model and a vivo @entity840 -to- @entity35 heat HAR model were used to determine the protection of rFII against HAR. Our investigation indicated that rFII could significantly degrade @entity1 C5, C6, and C9, decrease the activity of complement, and inhibit the MAC deposition on HUVECs membrane in vitro. In addition, serum levels of C1q, C3 and C4 in @entity35 were gradually reduced after infusion of rFII. Importantly, in an ex vivo @entity35 -to- @entity1 perfusion model, the survival of @entity35 hearts perfused with human serum treated with rFII (83.36    16.63 min) were significantly longer than that of hearts perfused with fresh human serum(15.94    4.75 min). At the time of 15 minutes after perfusion, functions of hearts added with 50 ug/ml rFII sustained well with heart rates at 283    65.32 beats/minute and LVDP at 13.70    5.45 Kpa, while that of hearts perfused with fresh human serum were severely damaged by HAR with heart rates at 107.77    40.31 beats/minute and LVDP at 1.01    0.83 Kpa. We also found that rFII significantly decreased the levels of C1q, C3 and C4 in human fresh serum perfusate. In a vivo @entity840 -to- @entity35 heat HAR model, the survival of @entity35 hearts treated with rFII were significantly longer than that of hearts perfused with normal saline; and relieved @entity299 by complete activation. Our finding demonstrates the anti-complement property of rFII and its protection against HAR, indicating that rFII might be as a potential therapeutic agent for xenotransplantation.

title: A novel recombinant fibrinogenase of XXXX venom protects against hyperacute rejection via degradation of complements.

entities_list: @entity24682 :: ('36307', 'Species') :: ['Agkistrodon acutus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart damage']

answer: @entity24682 :: (36307,Species) :: ['Agkistrodon acutus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that increased levels of inflammatory and hemostatic markers are associated with poorer cognitive performance and to assess the influence of childhood intelligence quotient (IQ) and current @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors on this relationship. Blood inflammatory markers have been shown to predict late-life cognition, although the mechanism through which this occurs is unknown. METHODS: Levels of the biomarkers @entity1851 and @entity2002 were measured in 1053 Scottish @entity1 (50.2% female) from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 ranging in age from 67 to 71 years. Biomarker levels were tested for their association with diverse cognitive abilities. RESULTS: Significant cross-sectional associations were found between the biomarkers and various cognitive abilities: their effect size was around 1% of the variance and was in the direction of higher marker levels conferring poorer cognitive performance. With the exception of the reaction time measures (and @entity2002 ), these associations could be explained by childhood IQ, @entity65 risk factors, or both. Importantly, both the inflammatory markers at age 70 years were associated (p < .001) with childhood IQ. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas inflammatory marker levels predict contemporaneous general cognitive ability, the results support a model of reverse causation because childhood IQ predicts late-life @entity32 . This might be through its association with later life @entity65 risk factors or because it is a measure of system integrity. Unlike general cognitive ability, the association between inflammatory markers (particularly @entity2002 ) and processing speed was maintained in the presence of childhood IQ and/or @entity65 risk factor adjustments. This might also reflect variation in physiological integrity.

title: Reverse causation in the association between @entity1851 and XXXX levels and cognitive abilities in an aging sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed whether re-dosing of a vasoactive agent or the combination of a vasoactive injection and genital plus audiovisual sexual stimulation caused the greatest erectile effect to determine which of the 2 procedures would be better for dynamic penile color Doppler sonography in @entity1 with @entity323 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 consecutive @entity1 with @entity323 underwent 2 sessions under real-time RigiScan* recording of penile erection. Session 1 consisted of adaptation in 10 minutes, intracavernous injection of 10 micrograms. @entity5015 in 10 minutes and re-dosing of 10 micrograms. @entity5015 in 10 minutes. Session 2 consisted of adaptation in 10 minutes, injection of 10 micrograms. @entity5015 in 10 minutes and genital plus audiovisual sexual stimulation in 10 minutes. The total duration of each session was 30 minutes. The order of the 2 sessions was randomly assigned with a week interval between each session. RESULTS: Re-dosing and genital plus audiovisual sexual stimulation caused a significant increase in erectile response compared to the result seen after the first injection (re-dosing p < 0.05, injection plus stimulation p < 0.01). However, erectile response after the genital stimulation session was significantly greater than that after re-dosing (p < 0.01). An erection comparable to the greatest spontaneous erection reported by the @entity1 was much more frequently achieved after genital stimulation than after the re-dosing session (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of injection and stimulation caused a significantly greater erectile response than re-dosing. We suggest that the former should always be used during color Doppler sonography to optimize the accuracy of the test. Re-dosing is suggested when an incomplete erectile response occurs after the injection plus stimulation phase.

title: Genital plus audiovisual sexual stimulation following intracavernous vasoactive injection versus re-dosing for XXXX --results of a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['alprostadil']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: @entity5 angiogenesis is an important prognostic factor in @entity1149 . Recently, @entity470 and @entity1722 protein was found to regulate cell adhesion and the invasive growth of @entity5 through its association with the cadherin-catenin complex. The role of @entity1722 protein in cell migration has been also reported. In this study we investigate the combined role of tumoral neoangiogenesis and @entity1722 / @entity470 expression in the metastatic behaviour and prognosis of operable @entity1149 . 107 @entity5 samples from @entity1 suffering from operable @entity1149 were examined. @entity470 and @entity1722 were not correlated with each other. @entity1722 expression was associated with @entity258 , approaching statistical significance in @entity420 (p = 0.08). The absence of expression of both @entity1722 and @entity470 oncogenes in @entity5 with high angiogenesis, was most frequently observed in node negative cases (p = 0.04). @entity1722 overexpression defined a subgroup of node negative @entity1 with @entity258 and prognosis similar to @entity1 with @entity5 bearing high angiogenesis. These findings support the hypothesis that expression of the @entity1783 genes is a mechanism activated in @entity1149 to enable @entity5 cell migration. This pathway seems to be activated mainly in @entity5 with poor vasculature presumably lading to an unfavourable intratumoral nutritional and @entity26 ambience.

title: @entity1149 : XXXX overexpression correlates with @entity258 and poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'non small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']


abstract: @entity5 -adjacent breast tissue samples from 12 @entity0 @entity1 forming six monozygotic twin pairs were analysed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomes 1, 13 and 17. 7 @entity1 showed LOH at one or more markers. Each of them had a different LOH pattern. Only one twin pair showed LOH at the same locus, but the twins had lost a different allele. Multiple (n=1-13), histologically normal samples were collected from 6 @entity150 @entity1 and analysed for LOH on chromosomes 3 and 9. On chromosome 9, all 6 @entity1 analysed showed LOH in at least one sample and one marker. Four of them also showed LOH on chromosome 3. Samples surrounding different @entity5 of a given @entity1 resembled each other. More heterogeneity was seen between the @entity1 , even though they shared some similarities in LOH clustering. The results demonstrate that @entity5 -adjacent normal tissues already harbour genetic changes typical for @entity5 . These alterations can reveal the earliest changes leading to tumorigenesis.

title: Loss of heterozygosity in @entity5 -adjacent normal tissue of breast and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Normal tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: A 67-year-old male visited his physician because of a 2-month history of cough and sputum. An abnormal shadow at the left upper mediastinum on chest x-ray film was detected, and the @entity1 was referred to our department for further examination. Chest x-ray film revealed a round shadow at the left upper posterior mediastinum. Computed tomography(CT)revealed a uniform iso density mass about 4 cm in diameter, with a well-defined border. After the intravenous contrast administration, a slight peripheral enhancement was seen around the mass. On magnetic resonance imaging, the mass was hypointense in T1-weighting and hyperintense in T2-weighting. The contrast pattern was the same as that observed in the CT scan. On sagittal and coronal sections, the mass was adjacent to the aortic arch. Although a @entity5 was mostly suspected based on imaging findings, a @entity5 was also possible. Accordingly, we resected this mass with video-assisted thoracoscopy. Findings at operation were a cystic mass. The pathological findings were compatible with benign @entity3243 , which was suspected to be the @entity528 of a @entity3243 .

title: A thoracoscopically resected case of mediastinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid cyst']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cystic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor', 'malignant tumor']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid cyst']


abstract: Diffuse @entity2477 of the rectum is an unusual lesion. We reporting the case of an 18-year-old @entity1 with a rectal @entity2477 in whom recurrent @entity548 and marked @entity417 were thought to be caused by his co-existing internal @entity6713 . This resulted in a 2-year delay in reaching the correct diagnosis. Digital rectal examination revealed a walnut-sized, wide-based, elastic, soft mass 3 cm proximal to the anal verge. Colonoscopy revealed a bluish, @entity75 with superficial capillary dilatation at the same site. Arteriography demonstrated @entity5 in the territory of the right hypogastric artery and the superior rectal artery. In 1972, Parks and co-workers described resection and colo-anal sleeve @entity254 as an alternative operation in the treatment of this rare @entity600 . We will describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and long-term results in a @entity1 with this condition managed with this surgical technique. The @entity1 has done well without any recurrence of @entity548 for over 10 years since his operation. Resection with a colo-anal sleeve @entity254 offers major advantages such as a lower risk of @entity954 , no risk of damaging the pelvic nerves, sparing of continence and avoidance of a permanent colostomy. It should therefore be considered the treatment of choice for this uncommon condition.

title: Long-term results after a low anterior resection with mucosectomy and colo-anal sleeve XXXX for a diffuse cavernous haemangioma of the rectum.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumours']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Although it is a severe complication in immunocompromised @entity1 , diagnosing @entity364 ( @entity364 ), especially @entity3 ( @entity3 ), remains difficult. In certain clinical scenarios, examining tissue samples for identification of the infectious organism becomes important. As culture-based methods rarely yield results, the performance of an Aspergillus-specific nested PCR in fresh tissue or @entity1143 samples was evaluated. Fresh tissue (n = 59) and effusion (n = 47) specimens from 79 immunocompromised @entity1 were subjected to an Aspergillus-specific PCR assay. Twenty-six @entity1 had proven (n = 20) or probable (n = 6) @entity364 , according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 /Invasive @entity364 Cooperative Group and National Institute of @entity566 and @entity166 Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria, while the remaining @entity1 were classified as having either possible @entity364 (n = 30) or no @entity364 (n = 23). @entity3 was identified as the underlying @entity364 in 21/26 proven/probable cases. PCR positivity was observed for 18/21 proven/probable and 6 possible @entity3 cases; cases classified as no @entity3 did not show positive signals. @entity1 with proven @entity364 (n = 5) with cultures positive for non-Aspergillus molds also had negative Aspergillus PCR results. Aspergillus PCR performance analysis yielded sensitivity and specificity values of 86% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65% to 95%) and 100% (95% CI, 86% to 100%), respectively, thus leading to a diagnostic odds ratio of >200. In this analysis, good diagnostic performance of the PCR assay for detection of @entity3 was observed for tissue samples, while effusion samples showed lower sensitivity rates. PCR testing represents a complementary tool; a positive PCR result strengthens the likelihood of @entity3 , whereas @entity3 seems unlikely in cases with negative results but findings could indicate non-Aspergillus @entity364 . Thus, PCR testing of these specimens enhances the diagnostic capabilities.

title: Aspergillus PCR-based investigation of fresh tissue and effusion samples in @entity1 with suspected XXXX enhances diagnostic capabilities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal Infections', 'IFD', 'invasive fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive Aspergillosis']


abstract: @entity3 by @entity19 @entity5 cells is usually confined to lung. This paper describes the metastatic behavior of an established @entity19 @entity5 cell line, 4526, that in addition to lung and liver @entity3 , shows a high rate of heart @entity3 . The @entity5 cells were inoculated into the fourth mammary fat pad of syngeneic @entity19 and their pattern of distant colonization was analysed qualitatively as well as quantitatively. We found that the cell line produced 100, 70 and 40% @entity3 to the lung, liver and heart, respectively. While the lung @entity3 appeared primarily as nodular masses, the liver @entity3 occurred both as nodular and diffuse masses. In addition, we observed that the metastatic load of each of the different lung lobes of individual @entity19 was proportional directly to its relative size, and there seemed to be an inverse relationship between the occurrence of lung and liver @entity3 in individual @entity19 . As compared to lung and liver @entity3 , heart @entity3 were found to be localized internally, usually in the cavity and wall of the ventricle. Furthermore, hearts with @entity3 revealed destruction of cardiac tissue and blockage of the cavity space. Our results show that 4526 cells are phenotypically stable, since the metastatic behavior of several clonal derivatives of the cell line obtained from lung, liver and heart colonies were found to be identical to that of the parental cell line. Thus this cell line, because of its unparalleled metastatic characteristics, offers a model for investigations into the biology of @entity5 cell @entity3 , especially heart @entity3 .

title: Colonization characteristics of a @entity19 XXXX cell line that metastasizes frequently to the heart.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['mammary tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the elderly, @entity130 has been associated with increased, long-term, all-cause mortality. Functional limitations secondary to injury may be responsible for the reduced survival rate. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis using data from the Longitudinal Study of Aging (LSOA). METHODS: The LSOA is an extension of the 1984 National Health Interview Survey, which focused on 7,527 @entity1 who were 70 years and older in 1984. Using data from the LSOA, a cohort of elderly @entity1 hospitalized for injury in 1985 (N = 102) was identified from Medicare hospital discharge data. An uninjured cohort (N = 408) was also identified using the LSOA and matched by age (within 1 year) and sex. @entity204 in both cohorts were identified using the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality within 6 years subsequent to injury, adjusted for demographic, health status, and functional characteristics, were calculated. RESULTS: The injured cohort had a significantly reduced rate of survival compared with the uninjured cohort (HR = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.2), and this relationship persisted after adjusting for demographic and health characteristics (HR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-2.0). After additional adjustment for measures of functional decline, the association diminished (HR = 1.2; 95% CI 0.8-1.7). Functional decline remained a strong, independent factor for the risk of mortality. CONCLUSION: @entity130 in the elderly has both an acute and long-term influence on mortality; the latter seems to be mediated through a decline in function resulting from the injury. This study suggests that strategies to return the elderly @entity1 to preinjury functional status are of paramount importance. Future research should explore the impact of these interventions on long-term survival.

title: Long-term survival in the elderly after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiological and clinico-pathological features, surgical and reconstructive techniques, adjuvant treatments and clinical outcome of @entity0 in males (BCM) at the Egyptian National @entity5 Institute (NCI). @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two males with @entity0 presented to NCI between January 2000 and December 2002. They were evaluated by complete history, physical examination, laboratory and radiological investigations. RESULTS: Median age was 59 years. Left sided and retroareolar breast lumps were the commonest presentations. @entity5 positive for hormone receptors were very common. Stages I, II, III and IV of the disease were encountered in 6.2%, 34.4%, 34.4% and 25.0% of @entity1 , respectively. Curative surgery was done in 22 @entity1 ; they received adjuvant hormonal therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 22, 16 and 10 @entity1 , respectively. Eight metastatic @entity1 were treated with palliative measures. Surgery was done in 25 @entity1 ; the most common procedure was modified radical mastectomy (40.6%). Primary closure was feasible in 17 @entity1 (68%), local flaps were needed in 4 cases (16%), while myocutaneous flap was done in 3 cases (12%). The commonest complication was the development of @entity2080 (9 cases). The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) at 5 years was 65.4%. The disease free survival (DFS) at 5 years was 53.9%. Stage and curative surgery significantly affected @entity1349 , while type of surgery was the only variable significantly affecting DFS. CONCLUSION: @entity2675 occurs at older ages than females, usually in advanced stage. This necessitates directing attention of males and awareness on the prevalence and risk factors for this disease.

title: Epidemiology and management of @entity0 in Egyptian males: experience of a single XXXX Institute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['Male breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'Grade II tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity548 associated with @entity1689 in 17 @entity1 was related to a @entity9007 in 15 (88 per cent) @entity1 and to @entity788 (one @entity1 ) or to @entity1188 (one @entity1 ). Bleeding was massive in six @entity1 and intermittent in 11. It resulted from erosion of the gastroduodenal or the splenic artery in four @entity1 . Bleeding into the pancreatic duct occurred in four @entity1 and erosion of the duodenum by a @entity548 @entity9007 in five. @entity548 was confined to a @entity9007 in six @entity1 and was intraperitoneal in two. Of the 15 @entity1 with @entity548 pseudocysts, ten underwent primary pancreatic resection (eight proximal and two distal pancreatectomies) with no mortality but four had early complications. Four of the five @entity1 who underwent transcystic ligation of @entity548 vessels and @entity9007 had @entity260 : one died from sepsis and @entity1578 and three underwent reoperation for severe @entity86 . Of these, two had proximal pancreatic resection with one @entity204 . The third @entity1 had further suture ligation and external drainage. The overall postoperative mortality rate was 12 per cent and following emergency surgery 33 per cent. Favourable results were achieved in two-thirds of @entity1 when the primary operative strategy could be directed towards the control of @entity548 and removal of the affected pancreatic segment. Primary pancreatic resection, although technically demanding in the presence of @entity548 , is recommended whenever possible for the treatment of @entity548 @entity9007 and @entity2849 associated with @entity1689 .

title: XXXX and @entity2849 in @entity1689 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction-rupture of the spleen']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts', 'pseudocyst drainage', 'pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Bleeding pseudocysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity20821 ( @entity20821 ) is the most abundant marker of DNA damage and it reflects oxidative stress. @entity1 @entity25469 glycosylase ( @entity9552 ) is a DNA-repair enzyme that participates in @entity20821 removal. METHODS: @entity9552 protein expression was immunohistochemically studied in 96 @entity1 with local or locally advanced @entity0 and in 20 lesions of non-malignant breast disease. @entity20821 levels had been previously determined in all @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity9552 was overexpressed in invasive vs non-invasive lesions (P=0.006). @entity20821 and @entity9552 had a significant inverse association (P=0.046). Lack of @entity9552 expression was associated with the most poor prognostic factors of @entity0 . In addition, all triple-negative @entity0 (TNBCs) were @entity9552 negative (P=0.027 vs non-TNBCs). @entity1 with a lack of both @entity9552 - and @entity20821 immunostaining showed extremely poor @entity0 -specific survival compared with those with either @entity20821 - or @entity9552 -positive @entity5 (P<0.000005). CONCLUSION: The current results imply that absence of @entity9552 expression is associated with features of aggressive @entity0 . Tumours lacking both @entity20821 and @entity9552 seem to indicate especially poor prognosis.

title: Absence of the DNA repair enzyme XXXX @entity25469 glycosylase is associated with an aggressive @entity0 phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ["8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine", '8-oxodG', '8-OxodG']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Sixty-four cases of the @entity189 treated with surgical operations at our hospital were reviewed. The anatomical sites and the serial sections of the @entity5 specimens were observed. It indicated that 42 cases were proved to be @entity189 ; 7 glottic; 5 subglottic. Ten cases had no definite primary sites. There was no T1 lesion and only one pT2 lesion. 98.4% of the specimens showed @entity1803 -pT4. 75% specimens lesions greater than or equal to 2 cm. Thus we suggest that the so called @entity189 should be regarded as an advanced lesion of the @entity5 . The advanced @entity5 can spread into the paraglottic space and invade the laryngeal frame-works as a special pathological features. The paper also discussed the primary site of the transglottic lesion. We think that it is reasonable to classify the @entity5 into supraglottic, glottic and subglottic categories. The idea to classify @entity5 that originate in the ventricle into an independent type, i.e. @entity189 , will wait for further discussions.

title: [Transglottic XXXX : a histopathological study of 64 cases].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'laryngeal cancers', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['supraglottic carcinomas', 'transglottic carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity32 is a crucial link between @entity28 and its metabolic complications. @entity1 experimental @entity5694 is a controlled model for the study of inflammatory cardiometabolic responses in vivo. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that adipose genes down-regulated during @entity5694 would approximate changes observed with @entity28 -related @entity32 and reveal novel candidates in @entity66 . DESIGN, SUBJECTS, AND INTERVENTION: Healthy volunteers (n = 14) underwent a 3 ng/kg endotoxin challenge; adipose biopsies were taken at 0, 4, 12, and 24 h for mRNA microarray. A priority list of highly down-regulated and biologically relevant genes was validated by RT-PCR in an independent sample of adipose from healthy subjects (n = 7) undergoing a subclinical 0.6 ng/kg @entity5694 protocol. Expression of validated genes was screened in adipose of lean and severely @entity28 individuals (n = 11 per group), and cellular source was probed in cultured adipocytes and macrophages. RESULTS: Endotoxemia (3 ng/kg) suppressed expression of 353 genes (to <67% of baseline; P < 1   10(-5)) of which 68 candidates were prioritized for validation. In low-dose (0.6 ng/kg) endotoxin validation, 22 (32%) of these 68 genes were confirmed. Functional classification revealed that many of these genes are involved in cell development and differentiation. Of validated genes, 59% (13 of 22) were down-regulated more than 1.5-fold in primary @entity1 adipocytes after treatment with endotoxin. In @entity1 macrophages, 59% (13 of 22) were up-regulated during differentiation to inflammatory M1 macrophages whereas 64% (14 of 22) were down-regulated during transition to homeostatic M2 macrophages. Finally, in @entity28 vs. lean adipose, 91% (20 of 22) tended to have reduced expression (  (2) = 10.72, P < 0.01) with 50% (11 of 22) reaching P < 0.05 (  (2) = 9.28, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Exploration of down-regulated mRNA in adipose during @entity1 @entity5694 revealed suppression of genes involved in cell development and differentiation. A majority of candidates were also suppressed in endogenous @entity1 @entity28 , suggesting a potential pathophysiological role in @entity1 @entity28 -related adipose @entity32 .

title: Adipose genes down-regulated during experimental XXXX are also suppressed in @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Adipose inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: The alpha beta dimer and the gamma subunit of the Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein were solubilized by treating isolated axonemes with 0.6 M KCI, and purified by @entity969 density gradient centrifugation. The axonemes were from an ida1 mutant to eliminate contamination of outer arm subunits by inner arm dynein 11, and the axonemes were pre-extracted with 0.6 M @entity5498 COOK to remove non-dynein protein that might otherwise contaminate outer arm dynein fractions in the @entity969 gradient. In addition, purer fractions of outer arm dynein subunits were obtained by modifying the centrifugation conditions to take advantage of the propensity of the dynein to dissociate under high hydrostatic pressure in the presence of @entity1025 . When @entity969 gradient fractions containing the gamma subunit were added to a fraction containing the purified alpha beta dimer under conditions expected to promote reassociation of the subunits to form a trimeric outer arm dynein complex [Takada et al., 1992: J. Biochem, 111:758-762], the total @entity4430 activity of the mixture was suppressed to a level lower than that of the original alpha beta dimer fraction. The inhibition paralleled the distribution of gamma subunit in the @entity969 gradient, was saturable, and was maximum at an approximately equimolar ratio of the gamma subunit to the alpha beta dimer. These results indicate that when the gamma subunit interacts with the alpha beta dimer, the latter's @entity4430 activity is modulated downward. Previous results showed that interaction of the alpha subunit with the beta subunit suppressed the beta subunit's @entity4430 activity [Pfister and Witman, 1984: J. Biol. Chem. 259:12072-12080]. Thus, the total @entity4430 activity of the outer arm dynein is dependent upon communication between all three subunits within the arm.

title: Functional interaction between Chlamydomonas outer arm dynein subunits: the gamma subunit suppresses the XXXX activity of the alpha beta dimer.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity4430 :: (1769,Gene) :: ['ATPase']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Catheter-based @entity8 is a novel therapy for treatment-resistant @entity101 . Although the precise mechanism is unknown, a reduction in global sympathetic tone and renal sympathetic tone, potentially resulting in a decrease in @entity916 , may account for the antihypertensive effect. DESIGN AND METHODS: In 17 @entity1 (mean age 51.2  9.4 years) with treatment-resistant @entity101 (antihypertensive drugs 4.7  1.3), office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements and circulating concentrations of @entity2661 , @entity916 , @entity1369 and @entity2232 were measured at baseline and 6 and 12 months after ablation. Office BP was measured for 1 h at 5-min intervals using an automatic device. RESULTS: Office BP (164.7  27.7/102.3  19.3 mmHg) decreased by 5.7  18.8 mmHg (P=0.11) systolic and by 2.6  10.7 (P=0.33) mmHg diastolic after 6 months, whereas after 12 months decreases were 12.7  16.0 mmHg (P=0.007) and 7.3  11.9 mmHg (P=0.02). Heart rate, 24-h (151.8  12.6/94.2  10.3 mmHg) and day and night ambulatory BP did not change, after either 6 or 12 months. Of the neurohormones, only plasma @entity1063 (397 pg/ml, interquartile range 268-461 pg/ml) decreased by 128  167 pg/ml (P=0.008) after 6 months, whereas other neurohormones remained unchanged. Forty-seven percent of @entity1 had at least 10 mmHg decrease in 24-h ambulatory @entity13519 . In these responders, office and ambulatory BP tended to be higher than in nonresponders, but neurohormones or changes after ablation between responders and nonresponders did not differ. CONCLUSION: @entity8 in treatment-resistant @entity101 @entity1 had a moderate effect on office BP and is associated with a decrease in plasma @entity1063 but not in @entity916 . The absent decrease in @entity916 may imply that the intensity of efferent renal denervation achieved with the number of ablations applied was insufficient.

title: Blood pressure and neurohormonal responses to @entity8 in treatment-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal nerve ablation', 'renal nerve ablation']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore characteristic CT findings and pathologic basis of ground glass opacity caused by @entity5970 ( @entity5970 ). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of CT and pathological findings of 24 @entity1 with @entity5970 who were pathologically diagnosed from June 2006 to August 2011. RESULTS: Findings with CT: the lesions of the 24 @entity1 mainly presented ground glass opacities. Local consolidations were seen in 8 @entity1 . In 23 @entity1 part of ground glass opacities bordered strip-shaped opacities with smooth edges, and there was a clear boundary between them and the bordering normal lung tissues, presenting a geographic appearance. Lesions in the 5 cases were mixed with alveoli or lobule aerocele, which made ground glass opacities present curved edges. Crazy paving pattern was detected in the 24 @entity1 . Microscopically, the alveoli were seen to be filled with floccules proteinaceous material in various quantities in the 24 @entity1 ; hemangiectasis and @entity384 were seen in 17 @entity1 , and @entity1283 were seen in 5 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity5970 usually causes ground glass opacities with clear edges, and different from ground glass opacities with obscure edges caused by other @entity358 . They are relatively specific to the imagining diagnosis to @entity5970 .

title: [Characteristic CT findings and pathologic basis of ground glass opacity caused by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['enlarged alveolar cavities']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity5970 :: ('MESH:D011649', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar proteinosis', 'PAP']

answer: @entity5970 :: (MESH:D011649,Disease) :: ['pulmonary alveolar proteinosis']


abstract: Studies done in our laboratories have demonstrated that the parasitic trematode, @entity380 is capable of producing several proopiomelanocortin ( @entity4545 ) peptides including beta-endorphin, @entity3317 (ACTH), melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) and enkephalin as well as @entity1286 . Some of these opioids have been demonstrated to be immunosuppressive and may play an important part in immune evasion by these parasites. The parasitic @entity2199 @entity8416 also produces immune suppressive substances in vitro as well as causes immune suppression in its encysted stage in vivo. We recently have demonstrated the presence of @entity1286 in both infected @entity19 and in the @entity2199 by HPLC and RIA. In a recent study of the leech Theromyzon tessulatum, we demonstrated the presence of proopiomelanocortin ( @entity4545 ) and its derived peptides, ACTH and alphaMSH, in the immune tissues. The peptide was cloned and extensively purified by HPGPC and reversed-phase HPLC, and then sequenced. The 25.4 kDa protein was purified by gel permeation chromatography, anti-ACTH-affinity column separation followed by reversed-phase HPLC. Its @entity535 determination was performed by Edman degradation, enzymatic treatments and electrospray mass spectrometry. The structure of the leech @entity4545 -like precursor and its derived peptides demonstrates considerable @entity535 sequence similarity with @entity1 @entity4545 . Taken together, these studies demonstrate that opiates and opioid neuropetides are present in invertebrates and their immunoregulatory actions have been conserved during evolution. The role of opiates and opioid peptides in immune and behavior modification of hosts is also discussed.

title: Evidence of opiates and opioid neuropeptides and their immune effects in parasitic invertebrates representing three different phyla: @entity380 , Theromyzon tessulatum, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['Trichinella spiralis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenocorticotropin']

answer: @entity8416 :: (6334,Species) :: ['Trichinella spiralis']


abstract: Human antibody responses to immunotoxin components were evaluated in 21 @entity320 @entity1 who were treated with @entity17506 , a murine monoclonal antimelanoma antibody-ricin A chain conjugate. Twenty of the 21 @entity320 patients produced antibodies against ricin A chain, while 15 of 21 produced antibodies reactive with the murine monoclonal antibody component. Both IgM and IgG antibody responses were produced. Immunoglobulin responses were usually detected 1 to 2 weeks following initiation of therapy, with peak levels generally attained 2 to 4 weeks posttherapy. Titers of the anti-ricin A chain antibodies were generally higher than those of the antimurine monoclonal antibodies for the dose range tested. There was no clear correlation between the dose of immunotoxin administered and the antibody titer. By use of a competitive flow cytometry assay, antiidiotype responses were demonstrated in eight of 10 @entity320 @entity1 who had antimurine antibodies. Both the kinetics of appearance and the relative titers of the antiidiotype responses generally corresponded to the antimurine responses. The development of antimmunotoxin antibodies can reduce the therapeutic potential of immunotoxins through several mechanisms. The development of antibodies in a significant number of @entity1 suggests that optimally effective, repeated courses of therapy will require some procedure for suppressing or abrogating the response against the immunotoxin.

title: Human antibody responses to components of the monoclonal antimelanoma antibody ricin A chain immunotoxin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity17506 :: ('MESH:D008557', 'Disease') :: ['XomaZyme-MEL']

answer: @entity17506 :: (MESH:D008557,Disease) :: ['XomaZyme-MEL']


abstract: Mild @entity131 (mTBI) results in an estimated 75-90% of the 1.7 million TBI-related emergency room visits each year. Post-concussion symptoms, which can include @entity2414 , may persist for prolonged periods of time in a fraction of these cases. The purpose of this study was to determine if an @entity5301 -mimetic peptide, @entity27883 helix B surface peptide (pHBSP), would improve neurological outcomes following mTBI. Sixty-four @entity35 were randomly assigned to pHBSP or control (inactive peptide) 30    g/kg IP every 12   h for 3 days, starting at either 1 hour (early treatment) or 24   h (delayed treatment), after mTBI (cortical impact injury 3   m/sec, 2.5   mm deformation). Treatment with pHBSP resulted in significantly improved performance on the Morris water maze task. @entity35 that received pHBSP required 22.3  1.3   sec to find the platform, compared to 26.3  1.3   sec in control @entity35 (p=0.022). The @entity35 that received pHBSP also traveled a significantly shorter distance to get to the platform, 5.0  0.3 meters, compared to 6.1  0.3 meters in control @entity35 (p=0.019). Motor tasks were only transiently impaired in this mTBI model, and no treatment effect on motor performance was observed with pHBSP. Despite the minimal tissue injury with this mTBI model, there was significant activation of inflammatory cells identified by labeling with @entity22519 , which was reduced in the pHBSP-treated animals. The results suggest that pHBSP may improve cognitive function following mTBI.

title: Treatment of mild @entity131 with an XXXX -mimetic peptide.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired memory problems']

entities_list: @entity27883 :: ('MESH:D011761', 'Chemical') :: ['pyroglutamate']

answer: @entity5301 :: (24335(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study in vivo the endogenous self-repair mechanism in immature white matter induced by @entity63 in neonatal @entity35 with @entity5719 ( @entity5719 ). METHODS: Five-day-old neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were randomly divided into sham and @entity5719 groups. @entity35 model of @entity5719 was prepared by ligation of the right common carotid artery following 2 hours of exposure to 8% @entity26 . Pathological changes and myelination in the white matter were assessed under light and electron microscopy at 7 and 21 days after @entity5719 . O4-positive OL precursor cells in the white matter were determined with immunofluorescence staining. Activation, proliferation, migration and differentiation of glial progenitor cells in SVZ were observed using immunofluorescent double labeling of either @entity26659 (marker of progenitor cells) and @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ), or O4 (marker of OL precursor cells) and @entity1603 . RESULTS: All @entity35 in the @entity5719 group manifested either mild or severe @entity62 under light microscopy, and had higher pathological scores of white matter compared with the sham group at 7 and 21 days after @entity5719 (P<0.05). Electron microscopy showed that the number and thickness of myelin sheath in the @entity5719 group were significantly reduced compared with the sham group (P<0.01). O4-positive OL precursor cells in the white matter observed under fluorescence microscopy were significantly reduced in the @entity5719 group compared with the sham group (P<0.05). @entity1603 / @entity26659 -positive cells in the SVZ increased significantly in the @entity5719 group 48 hours after @entity5719 and migrated into the periventricular area, reaching a peak on day 7 after @entity5719 . @entity1603 /O4-positive newborn cells began to appear in the periventricular area 72 hours after @entity5719 , and the number of @entity1603 /O4-positive cells in the @entity5719 group was statistically more than in the sham group on day 21 after @entity5719 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity63 may induce brain self-repair in neonatal @entity35 , resulting in activation and proliferation of @entity26659 glial progenitor cells in the SVZ migration and differentiation into OL precursor cells in periventricular white matter.

title: [Endogenous self-repair in immature white matter induced by @entity63 in neonatal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['PVL', 'periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity and applicability of logarithmic modelling for predicting functional recovery of @entity64 @entity1 with @entity1158 . DESIGN: Longitudinal postal survey. SUBJECTS: @entity64 @entity1 with @entity1158 staying in a long-term rehabilitation facility, who had been referred from acute medical service 30-60 days after onset. METHODS: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) scores were periodically assessed during hospitalization. For each individual, a logarithmic formula that was scaled by an interval increase in @entity177 scores during the initial 2-6 weeks was used for predicting functional recovery. RESULTS: For the study, we recruited 18 @entity1 who showed a wide variety of disability levels on admission ( @entity177 scores 25-107). For each @entity1 , the predicted @entity177 scores derived from the logarithmic formula matched the actual change in @entity177 scores. The changes predicted the recovery of motor rather than cognitive functions. Regression analysis showed a close fit between logarithmic modelling and actual @entity177 scores (across-subject R2 = 0.945). CONCLUSIONS: Provided with two initial time-point samplings, logarithmic modelling allows accurate prediction of functional recovery for individuals. Because the modelling is mathematically simple, it can be widely applied in daily clinical practice.

title: A new method for predicting functional recovery of @entity64 XXXX with @entity1158 : logarithmic modelling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate initial post-treatment and six months outcome of @entity1 sent to the intervention radiology unit with @entity455 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study of venoplasty, venoplasty with stenting, and venoplasty with thrombolysis for vascular access failure @entity1 , included 53 @entity1 with 67 interventional radiology procedures at the intervention radiology unit of Ramathibodi Hospital between January 2004 and June 2009. RESULTS: Sixty-seven intervention procedures were performed in 53 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had severe @entity850 of @entity254 with a resulting in failure to perform venoplasty. There were 34 lesions of central @entity432 . The lesions were usually short and 79% shorter than 4.0 cm. In the group of central @entity432 that performed venoplasty alone, the degree of @entity850 was 58.7 +/- 18.6% (mean +/- SD) with 69.2% technical success and 84.6% clinical successes. However the technical success was increased to 71.4% and clinical success was increased to 100% in the stent placement group. At the six-month follow-up, there was no significant clinical re-obstruction. Fair to good outcomes of interventional procedures of vascular access and @entity1095 were achieved. Within the group of 14 lesions of @entity1 who underwent AVBG, the degree of @entity850 was 64.4 +/- 14.4% with 57.1% technical success and 100% clinical successes. In the other group of 19 lesions that underwent native AVF the degree of @entity850 was 61 +/- 9.4% with 52.6% technical success and 89% clinical successes. Two @entity1 had @entity850 and @entity715 in AVBG six months after treatment procedure. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous interventional radiology procedure continues to play a beneficial role in treatment, and remains the first treatment of @entity455 and corollary complications of central @entity432 . The technical success rate of treatments is determined by morphologic features of each lesion, with the identification of these features helping in proper planning and the use of appropriate instruments.

title: XXXX and central vein obstruction interventions: five years of experience in Ramathibodi Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral venous stenosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['choice in vascular access malfunction', 'vascular access malfunctions']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['AVF anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['re-stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Vascular access stenosis']


abstract: In @entity1 and experimental @entity6 pregnancy there is an increased risk of @entity600 in the offspring. Some @entity600 involve @entity851 and altered chondrocyte differentiation, suggesting that a @entity6 milieu may modify embryonic cell replication and the development of (pre)chondrocytes. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of a @entity6 -like environment in vitro on the growth and differentiation of @entity35 chondrocytes in the presence of specific growth factors and different concentrations of serum. This was performed with a modified micromass culture system of embryonic (pre)chondrocytes from the limb bud and mandibular arch areas using medium supplemented with different @entity413 concentrations and with serum from @entity6 @entity35 . An elevated ambient @entity413 concentration inhibited the growth of mature chondrocytes in vitro, and this effect was diminished in a serum-rich culture milieu. The (pre)chondrocytes exhibited a marked dependence on the serum level in the culture medium for optimal in vitro development. @entity6 rat serum had the lowest stimulatory capacity of the three different types tested (at similar @entity413 concentrations), suggesting a deficiency of growth-stimulating factor(s) rather than the presence of inhibiting factor(s) in this type of serum. One of the deficient factor(s) in @entity6 rat serum may be similar to @entity2620 , but a combined deficiency of several growth-stimulating agents is likely to be present. Chondrocytes originating from the mandibular arch in general appeared more sensitive to MSA and @entity2620 than those from the limb buds. The present observations support the notion that while @entity6 -induced @entity4854 in the conceptus contributes to severe @entity851 of the mandibular arch, additional factors also play a role.

title: In vitro effects of XXXX and growth factors on limb bud and mandibular arch chondrocytes maintained at various serum concentrations.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformation']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: To elucidate the effects of anecortave desacetate (AD) treatment on the kinetics of neovascular sprouting and its molecular mechanisms in retinal explants and during retinal vascular development in @entity19 . METHODS: The antiangiogenic effects of AD on @entity2479 were evaluated using two different models: a retinal explant model treated with @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and a @entity19 model of @entity8038 . Time-sequential observation was followed by the quantification of movements in neovascular sprouts and microglia. Real time-PCR was performed for the measurement of mRNA levels. RESULTS: AD treatment significantly reduced the number of neovascular sprouts in retinal explants in a dose-dependent manner. Time-lapse imaging demonstrated that AD suppressed the new development and elongation of neovascular sprouts and the motility of tip cells. Moreover, AD treatment disturbed the filopodial extension and significantly decreased the transcriptional levels of @entity11132 and platelet-derived growth factor-B, which are highly expressed in tip cells. In addition, it was confirmed that AD inhibited postnatal development of the retinal vasculature in @entity19 , including filopodial extension in tip cells. These data suggest that AD suppresses both the development and the progression of sprouting angiogenesis. Interestingly, @entity1611 -induced @entity717 were also reduced in the retinal explants treated with AD. These changes were consistent with decreased mRNA levels of @entity19149 and @entity9842 , which regulate the activation of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSIONS: AD inhibited both the development and the progression of @entity1611 -induced @entity2479 mediated, in part, by the suppression of tip cell motility in two angiogenic models.

title: Time-lapse imaging of XXXX reveals decreased development and progression of neovascular sprouting by anecortave desacetate.

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal retinal vascular development']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['microglial movements']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal angiogenesis']