abstract: Capacitance measurements of exocytosis were applied to functionally identified alpha-, beta- and delta-cells in intact @entity19 pancreatic islets. The maximum rate of capacitance increase in beta-cells during a depolarization to 0 mV was equivalent to 14 granules s(-1), <5% of that observed in isolated beta-cells. Beta-cell secretion exhibited bell-shaped voltage dependence and peaked at +20 mV. At physiological membrane potentials (up to approximately -20 mV) the maximum rate of release was approximately 4 granules s(-1). Both exocytosis (measured by capacitance measurements) and insulin release (detected by radioimmunoassay) were strongly inhibited by the L-type @entity141 channel blocker @entity594 (25 microm) but only marginally (<20%) affected by the R-type @entity141 channel blocker @entity25166 (100 nm). Exocytosis in the glucagon-producing alpha-cells peaked at +20 mV. The capacitance increases elicited by pulses to 0 mV exhibited biphasic kinetics and consisted of an initial transient (150 granules s(-1)) and a sustained late component (30 granules s(-1)). Whereas addition of the N-type @entity141 channel blocker omega-conotoxin GVIA (0.1 microm) inhibited glucagon secretion measured in the presence of 1 mm @entity413 to the same extent as an elevation of @entity413 to 20 mm, the L-type @entity141 channel blocker @entity594 (25 microm) had no effect. Thus, glucagon release during hyperglycaemic conditions depends principally on @entity141 -influx through N-type rather than L-type @entity141 channels. Exocytosis in the somatostatin-secreting delta-cells likewise exhibited two kinetically separable phases of capacitance increase and consisted of an early rapid (600 granules s(-1)) component followed by a sustained slower (60 granules s(-1)) component. We conclude that (1) capacitance measurements in intact pancreatic islets are feasible; (2) exocytosis measured in beta-cells in situ is significantly slower than that of isolated cells; and (3) the different types of islet cells exhibit distinct exocytotic features.

title: Capacitance measurements of exocytosis in XXXX pancreatic alpha-, beta- and delta-cells within intact islets of Langerhans.

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The availability of new imaging techniques has conditioned an increase in the incidental diagnosis of small nonfunctioning @entity788 ( @entity6196 ). The best treatment is controversial, some authors advise a conservative approach in selected cases. Our aim is to analyze the evolution of incidental, small size @entity6196 , treated with clinical follow-up without surgery. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of @entity1 diagnosed incidentally with @entity6196 since November 2007 to September 2015. We include those with @entity6196 <= 2cm and asymptomatic. The diagnosis was performed using imaging tests indicating endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in case of doubts in the diagnosis. The follow-up was performed at our center, registering clinical and/or radiological changes. RESULTS: We included 24 @entity1 with a median age of 70 years, and a similar distribution in terms of sex. The diagnosis was made through computed tomography multidetector or magnetic resonance imaging and @entity2390 scan. The @entity5 were located mainly in the head and neck (46%), with a mean size of 11,5  3,55mm at diagnosis (5-19mm). In 2 cases endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration was used (8%), confirming the diagnosis of low-grade PNET with Ki67<5%. The median follow-up was 39 months (7-100). In 19 @entity1 (79%) they remained the same size, 21% (5) increased its size with a mean of 2,6  2mm (1-6). No cases had progression of disease. CONCLUSION: In selected @entity1 , non-surgical management of @entity6196 is an option to consider, when they are asymptomatic and <= 2cm. Larger studies with more @entity1 and more time of follow-up are needed to validate this non-operative approach.

title: Nonfunctioning, small, incidental XXXX : Results of a nonoperative approach cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Debridement and prosthesis retention, combined with a prolonged antibiotic regimen including @entity1215 , is an accepted therapeutic approach when the duration of symptoms is less than 4  weeks and there are no radiological signs of loosening. The outcome of @entity1 managed with this strategy has been previously assessed in several articles with success rates of 60-90%. This study aims to review the clinical experience with @entity5136 in 3 different hospitals from Spain and France in @entity1 with @entity281 ( @entity281 ) managed with debridement, retention of the implant and treated with @entity5136 with or without @entity1215 . METHODS: @entity1 with an acute @entity281 who underwent open debridement with implant retention treated with @entity5136 for more than 7  days in 3 hospitals from Barcelona, Tours and Lille between 2005 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Relevant information about demographics, co-morbidity, type of implant, surgical treatment, microorganism isolated, antimicrobial therapy, adverse events (AEs) and outcomes were recorded from @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 39 @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age (SD) was 70.5 (8.8) years and 9 @entity1 had @entity6 (23%). There were 25 (64%) knee prostheses, 13 (33%) hips and 1 shoulder (3%). The median interquartile range (IQR) days from arthroplasty to infection diagnosis was 17 (19-48) and 33 (85%) cases were diagnosed within the first 60  days. The median (IQR) duration of antibiotic treatment was 70.5 (34-96) days and the median (IQR) number of days on @entity5136 treatment was 44.5 (30-81). AEs were observed in 15 @entity1 (38%), with @entity344 in 8 cases and @entity417 in 5 being the most frequent. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 2.5 (1.8-3.6) years, there were 11 failures (28%) (8 relapses and 3 new @entity281 ). The failure rate was higher in the @entity1215 group (36% vs. 18%) mainly due to a higher relapse rate (27% vs. 12%) although differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Management of acute PJIs with debridement and retention of the implant @entity5136 , with or without @entity1215 , is associated with a high remission rate and it is an alternative treatment for @entity281 due to @entity3284 and/or @entity1215 -resistant staphylococci.

title: A Retrospective Review of the Clinical Experience of XXXX with or Without @entity1215 in Prosthetic Joint Infections Treated with Debridement and Implant Retention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3284 :: ('D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolone']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic joint infection', 'infections', 'PJI']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

answer: @entity5136 :: (MESH:C098010,Chemical) :: ['Linezolid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of factor V and factor II mutations with @entity1468 and @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets ( @entity2102 ) syndrome, and a possible role of the two thrombophilic mutations in the pathogenesis of the diseases have been previously investigated. The results, however, are still inconclusive and contradictory. METHODS: A case-control study was performed over an interval of 24 months, on 111 subjects with @entity1468 and 111 normal pregnant @entity1 matched for age and parity, without previous @entity1031 . The subjects were tested for the mutation @entity67191 in the factor V gene ( @entity54821 or Leiden mutation) and the mutation @entity67192 in the @entity556 gene. The Student's t-test and the chi2-test were applied when appropriate, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity1468 (12.6%) had at least one of the two mutations, as compared with six controls (5.4%). @entity5337 was found in eight @entity1 with @entity1468 (7.2%) and in five controls (4.5%). Factor II @entity14553 was detected in eight preeclamptic @entity1 (7.2%) and in one normal pregnant @entity1 (0.9%)(p = 0.041). In the subgroup of 32 preeclamptic subjects with @entity2102 , @entity5337 was found in three @entity1 (9.3%) and factor II @entity14553 in two (6.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of factor V and factor II mutations is increased in @entity1 with @entity1468 ; the thrombophilic mutations may interact with other pathogenic factors to determine the clinical features of the disease and of its complications.

title: @entity5337 and factor II @entity14553 in XXXX and @entity2102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5337 :: ('2153', 'Gene') :: ['Factor V Leiden', 'factor V Leiden']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['factor II (prothrombin)']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP', 'HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: Background. Bilateral reduction mammoplasty is a common plastic surgery procedure that can be complicated by unfavorable scar formation along incision sites. Surgical adhesives can be utilized as an alternative or as an adjunct to conventional suture closures to help achieve good wound tension and provide an adequate barrier with excellent cosmesis. The recently introduced DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System Skin Closure System combines the skin adhesive @entity21079 with a self-adhering polyester-based mesh. Proposed benefits of wound closure with DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System, used with or without sutures, include its watertight seal, easy removal, microbial barrier, even distribution of tension, and reduction in wound closure time. Although @entity56 to @entity21079 have been reported, few @entity56 to DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System have been noted in the literature. This case series describes three @entity1 who experienced an @entity56 to DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System after undergoing elective bilateral reduction mammoplasties at our institution to further explore this topic. Methods. Retrospective chart review of bilateral reduction mammoplasty @entity1 who received DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System dressing at our institution was performed. Results. Three @entity1 were identified as having a @entity1910 in reaction to DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System after bilateral reduction mammoplasty. All three @entity1 required systemic @entity479 treatment to resolve the @entity1910 . One @entity1 was identified as having a prior adhesive reaction. Conclusions. DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System has demonstrated its efficacy in optimizing scar healing and appearance. However, as we demonstrate these three @entity56 to DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System, caution must be utilized in its usage, namely, in @entity1 with a prior adhesive @entity566 and in sites where moisture or friction may be apparent.

title: XXXX with DERMABOND PRINEO Skin Closure System Use in Bilateral Reduction Mammoplasty: A Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity21079 :: ('MESH:C100832', 'Chemical') :: ['2-octyl cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'allergic reactions']

answer: @entity1910 :: (MESH:D005076,Disease) :: ['Rash']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To determine the imaging detail and diagnostic information that can be obtained at 7.0-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a voxel volume of 9.5-14.0 nL as a means of evaluating the depth of mural invasion by @entity356 ex vivo. Materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from each @entity1 . Twenty gastric specimens containing 20 @entity189 were studied with a 7.0-T MR imaging system equipped with a four-channel surface coil. MR images were obtained with a 50-60 * 25-30 mm field of view, a 512 * 256 matrix, and a 1.0-mm section thickness, resulting in a voxel volume of 0.0095-0.0140 mm(3) (9.5-14.0 nL). The signal intensity of the gastric wall layers, @entity5 tissue, and @entity82 was described as low, intermediate, or high by comparing it with the signal intensity of the muscularis propria. Depth of invasion initially was assessed by two reviewers independently and then by the two reviewers in consensus. MR images were compared with histopathologic findings. Results The 7.0-T T2-weighted MR images clearly depicted the normal gastric wall in all 20 specimens (100%) as consisting of seven layers, which clearly corresponded to the tissue layers of the gastric wall. These MR images enabled clear differentiation between @entity5 tissue and @entity82 . Reviewers disagreed on the depth of invasion at the initial reading in three (15%) of 20 specimens (between mucosa and submucosa in two specimens and between muscularis propria and subserosa and serosa in one specimen); however, in all 20 @entity356 , the depth of invasion could be accurately determined on T2-weighted images after consensus interpretation. Conclusion Ex vivo 7.0-T MR imaging enables clear delineation of the gastric wall layers and clear differentiation of @entity5 tissue from @entity82 and allows one to assess the depth of mural invasion by @entity356 . (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: XXXX : Ex Vivo MR Imaging at 7.0 T-Correlation with Histopathologic Findings.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In Malaysia, @entity734 ( @entity734 ) service started in the late 1980s. Serum concentration measurements depend on commercially available drug assays, which are costly. In the present study, we attempted to document the impact of @entity734 service on cost and @entity1 outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of the @entity1 who were admitted to the hospital over a five-year period, diagnosed with @entity3127 and treated with @entity801 . Outcome measures were duration of @entity221 , incidence of nephrotoxicity and length of hospital stay. We calculated the costs of laboratory and clinical investigations, the costs associated with the administration of @entity801 doses, the cost of providing @entity734 services, the costs associated with medical care by professional staff and the costs of hospital stays during @entity801 treatment. RESULTS: Sixty-six @entity1 were found to meet the inclusion criteria (10 @entity1 were provided with @entity734 service and 56 @entity1 were not). There was no significant difference in the duration of @entity221 or the length of hospital stay during @entity801 therapy between the two groups. Although serum @entity1011 levels were not checked in all of the @entity1 after @entity801 therapy, the data analysis did not show any cases of nephrotoxicity. There was no significant difference in the costs of laboratory investigations, the total cost of @entity801 therapy and the costs associated with professional staff between the two groups. The cost of the hospital stay during @entity801 therapy and the total cost of hospitalization were significantly higher in the @entity734 group. CONCLUSION: Evaluation in @entity1 with @entity3127 shows that @entity734 in our setting was associated with higher cost; however, we did not observe any significant differences in the clinical outcomes.

title: Therapeutic drug monitoring of @entity801 in @entity1 with XXXX : cost considerations and @entity1 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TDM', 'therapeutic drug monitoring']

answer: @entity3127 :: (MESH:D001996,Disease) :: ['bronchopneumonia']


abstract: @entity13865 ( @entity13865 ) is a rare condition that usually occurs in relatively young @entity1 who are predominantly female. Seldom it could be a cause of @entity741 leading to a @entity1164 . @entity13865 consists of intramural @entity1410 formation or, rarely, intimal tears that initiate and propagate the dissection in the vessel wall. In rare cases, the @entity13865 occurs in male @entity1 . We report the case of a 56-year-old @entity1 with acute @entity583 who was successfully treated via systemic thrombolysis in a peripheral hospital. @entity558 were @entity715 of @entity2096 in the past and high platelet count (800,000/mm3). After 1 month, elective coronary angiography revealed a very diffuse spiral dissection of the left anterior descending artery; hence, our choice of medical treatment consisted of double oral antiplatelet therapy ( @entity1397 75 mg plus @entity117 325 mg once daily). After a 2-year follow-up, there was absence of both @entity951 and @entity741 and there was a decrease in platelet count. Many strategies could be considered in @entity1 with @entity13865 , such as PCI, bypass surgery, or conservative medical management. In general, the long-term prognosis of @entity1 with @entity13865 is considered favorable if they survive the acute phase.

title: Case report: a very large dissection in the left anterior descending coronary artery of a 56-year-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Associated conditions']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity13865 :: ('MESH:C565153', 'Disease') :: ['SCAD', 'Spontaneous coronary artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia', 'acute myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['right femoral artery']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1745 ( @entity1745 ) is a rare presentation of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) which requires early diagnosis and prompt treatment to avoid devastating events and permanent @entity51 . MATERIAL: We report a 3-year-old @entity1 with a history of rapidly progressive @entity10492 . MRI revealed a large mass in the left side of the neck extending from the skull base into the supraclavicular fossa with extra- and intra-dural extension of this mass, causing cervical @entity1745 from C1/2 to C7/T1 level. @entity8 were present as well. A 'tru-cut' needle biopsy was performed under general anaesthetic and histological examination showed a high-grade @entity1892 . In light of the extensive CNS involvement, chemotherapy was commenced with @entity617 , @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 , @entity1499 , @entity2592 and @entity2879 . @entity1 @entity16 started to improve clinically 1 week after commencement of chemotherapy. He made good neurological recovery and after 6 months was fully mobile without any @entity51 . Six-month MRI showed complete resolution of the @entity66 , which unfortunately recurred 1 year after the initial diagnosis, involving the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord. DISCUSSION: In view of the satisfactory neurological outcome that treatment with chemotherapy can achieve, and bearing in mind the potential complications and late adverse consequences of decompressive laminectomy or radiotherapy in a very young @entity1 , biopsy of the extraspinal part of the @entity5 causing @entity1745 should be considered first, before more aggressive therapeutic measures are decided.

title: XXXX presenting with @entity10492 in a 3-year-old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'child', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Liver and right kidney lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal-extradural disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological status']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord compression', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity10492 :: ('MESH:C565722', 'Disease') :: ['tetraparesis']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Angiogenesis is one of the most critical events in the wound healing process. Any increase in angiogenesis could result in more rapid and complete healing. A recent study found that @entity2193 ( @entity2193 ) could accelerate early periodontal wound healing. We wanted to clarify whether @entity2193 caused an angiogenic effect and, thus, possibly enhanced wound healing. METHODS: We performed in vitro proliferation and chemotaxis assays on @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures, and a tissue culture assay using blood vessel fragments in fibrin gel. Collagen membranes soaked with @entity2193 were implanted subcutaneously in @entity19 to test the in vivo angiogenic effect. RESULTS: While there were no significant differences between the negative control and @entity2193 groups in the proliferation assay, @entity2193 treatment did exhibit a significantly greater dose-dependent chemotactic effect on HUVEC than control group treatments. The tissue culture in fibrin gel showed new blood vessel outgrowths in the @entity2193 groups, but none in the negative control group. In the animal studies, significantly more endothelial cells were detected in the @entity2193 group of @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that @entity2193 does exhibit some angiogenic effects. However, the underlying molecules and mechanisms are still unidentified. We discuss several possibilities.

title: Enamel matrix derivative exhibits angiogenic effect in vitro and in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['EMD', 'enamel matrix derivative']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Organic @entity273 resistance in bacteria is achieved primarily through reducing oxidized membrane lipids. The soil-inhabiting aerobic bacterium @entity25068 contains three paralogous genes for organic @entity273 resistance: ohrA, ohrB, and ohrC. The ohrA gene is transcribed divergently from ohrR, which encodes a putative regulator of MarR family. Both the ohrA and ohrR genes were induced highly by various organic @entity8415 . The ohrA gene was induced through removal of repression by OhrR, whereas the ohrR gene was induced through activation by OhrR. Reduced OhrR bound to the ohrA-ohrR intergenic region, which contains a central (primary) and two adjacent (secondary) inverted-repeat motifs that overlap with promoter elements. Organic @entity2625 decreased the binding affinity of OhrR for the primary site, with a concomitant decrease in cooperative binding to the adjacent secondary sites. The single @entity462 C28 in OhrR was involved in sensing oxidants, as determined by substitution mutagenesis. The @entity63590 mutant of OhrR bound to the intergenic region without any change in binding affinity in response to organic @entity2627 . These results lead us to propose a model for the dual action of OhrR as a repressor and an activator in @entity25068 . Under reduced conditions, OhrR binds cooperatively to the intergenic region, repressing transcription from both genes. Upon oxidation, the binding affinity of OhrR decreases, with a concomitant loss of cooperative binding, which allows RNA polymerase to bind to both the ohrA and ohrR promoters. The loosely bound oxidized OhrR can further activate transcription from the ohrR promoter.

title: Dual role of OhrR as a repressor and an activator in response to organic @entity8415 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8415 :: ('CHEBI:35924', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxides']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity63590 :: ('p|SUB|C|28|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C28S']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor', 'S. coelicolor']

answer: @entity25068 :: (1902,Species) :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor']


abstract: The risk of @entity548 from an intracerebral cavernous @entity600 has been estimated at 2%-4% per year. In @entity1 with multiple cavernous @entity600 , typically there are 1 or 2 dominant lesions that result in symptoms. This report highlights an unusual case of recurrent @entity548 from de novo cavernous @entity600 . This 35-year-old @entity1 had a generalized @entity410 in 2007. Magnetic resonance imaging performed at the time showed multiple hemorrhagic lesions suggestive of cavernous @entity600 . Two years later, the @entity1 had clinical symptoms referable to a @entity548 . This lesion was not present on 2007 standard and gradient echo images. One year later, the @entity1 had another clinical @entity548 at the cervical medullary junction. This lesion was also not present on earlier imaging. Genetic testing was negative for the known familial types of cavernous @entity600 . A lesion was biopsied to ensure correct diagnosis, and the results were pathologically consistent with a cavernous @entity600 . The @entity1 had a fourth clinical @entity548 in 2011 from a separate lesion. All @entity6243 were mild, and he returned to normal functioning and work after each @entity548 . This case highlights several unusual features of the known natural history of intracerebral cavernous @entity600 . In this case, resection of the @entity548 would not have altered future @entity548 risk since each new @entity548 was from a de novo lesion.

title: Aggressive course of multiple de novo cavernous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage symptoms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic lesion', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the absolute risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes based on small differences in prepregnancy body mass (eg, 10% of body mass or 10-20 pounds). METHODS: This population-based cohort study (N=226,958) was drawn from all singleton pregnancies in British Columbia (Canada) from 2004 to 2012. The relationships between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) (as a continuous, nonlinear variable) and adverse pregnancy outcomes were examined using logistic regression models. Analyses were adjusted for maternal age, height, parity, and smoking in pregnancy. Adjusted absolute risks of each outcome are reported according to incremental differences in prepregnancy BMI and weight in pounds. RESULTS: A 10% difference in prepregnancy BMI was associated with at least a 10% lower risk of @entity1468 , @entity6677 , indicated @entity3152 , @entity8455 , and @entity2209 . In contrast, larger differences in prepregnancy BMI (20-30% differences in BMI) were necessary to meaningfully reduce risks of cesarean delivery, shoulder @entity1266 , neonatal intensive care unit stay 48 hours or longer, and in-hospital newborn mortality. Prepregnancy BMI was not associated with risk of postpartum @entity548 requiring intervention, severe maternal morbidity or maternal mortality, or spontaneous @entity3152 before 32 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION: These results can inform prepregnancy @entity353 counseling by defining achievable @entity353 goals for @entity1 that may reduce their risk of poor perinatal outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : II.

title: Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes by prepregnancy body mass index: a population-based study to inform prepregnancy XXXX counseling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sequential allergen desensitization provides temporary tolerance for @entity56 @entity1 . We adapted a clinical protocol to desensitize @entity1 blood basophils ex vivo and investigated the mechanism and allergen specificity. METHODS: We included 28 adult, grass @entity56 subjects. The optimal, activating allergen concentration was determined by measuring activated @entity5775 (+) CD193(+) SS(Low) basophils in a basophil activation test with 8 log-dilutions of grass allergen. Basophils in whole blood were desensitized by incubation with twofold to 2.5-fold increasing allergen doses in 10 steps starting at 1 : 1000 of the optimal dose. Involvement of @entity1435 (MAPK) was assessed after 3  min of allergen stimulation (n  =  7). Allergen specificity was investigated by desensitizing cells from multi- @entity56 subjects with grass allergen and challenging with optimal doses of grass, birch, recombinant house dust mite (rDer p2) allergen or anti-IgE (n  =  10). RESULTS: Desensitization reduced the fraction of blood basophils responding to challenge with an optimal allergen dose from a median (IQR) 81.0% (66.3-88.8) to 35.4% (19.8-47.1, P  <  0.0001). @entity5775 MFI expression was reduced from 68  248 (29  336-92  001) to 30  496 (14  046-46  179, P  <  0.0001). Basophils from multi- @entity56 subjects were desensitized with grass allergen. Challenge with grass allergen resulted in 39.6% activation (15.8-58.3). An unrelated challenge (birch, rDer p2 or anti-IgE) resulted in 53.4% activation (30.8-66.8, P  =  0.16 compared with grass). Desensitization reduced @entity1435 MAPK phosphorylation from a median 48.1% (15.6-92.8) to 26.1% (7.4-71.2, P  =  0.047) and correlated with decrease in @entity5775 upregulation (n  =  7, r  >  0.79, P  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: Desensitization attenuated basophil response rapidly and non-specifically at a stage before @entity1435 MAPK phosphorylation.

title: Sequential allergen desensitization of basophils is non-specific and may involve XXXX MAPK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase', 'p38']

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To (a) compare @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), mild @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and a group of healthy elderly @entity1 on nonepisodic memory measures; (b) examine which measures are independent of level of education in the groups studied. BACKGROUND: Episodic @entity2414 is a cardinal feature of preclinical @entity195 . However, a number of other cognitive measures are also sensitive to the preclinical stage of @entity195 and deficits in multiple domains characterize @entity195 several years before clinical diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity73 (N=31), @entity1 with mild probable @entity195 (N=15), and healthy elderly controls (N=27) were compared on nonepisodic memory tasks measuring fluid intelligence, working memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, and visual-perceptual and motor functions. @entity73 @entity1 were selected based on clinical criteria and a subgroup was also selected based on psychometric criteria. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses of covariance, controlling for the effects of age, education, and sex, showed that fluid intelligence, working memory, processing speed, semantic fluency, @entity227 , and complex motor function were significantly worse in the @entity73 than the elderly control group. Working memory, processing speed, semantic fluency, and complex motor tasks were significantly worse in the mild probable @entity195 than the @entity73 group. The analyses were corroborated using the psychometrically derived @entity73 group. CONCLUSIONS: (a) Performance on multiple nonepisodic memory measures is affected in the preclinical stage of @entity195 , indicating that broad @entity73 characterizes that stage. (b) Complex motor tasks were independent of level of education in our sample, and may have practical utility in the early detection of @entity303 .

title: Nonepisodic @entity2414 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-perceptual function']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Amnestic MCI', 'MCI', 'amnestic MCI', 'amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['amnestic MCI']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is important to identify the clinical indicators of poor prognosis and treatable conditions that might contribute to the progression of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and @entity120 ( @entity120 ) in the group of @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and @entity27 ( @entity27 ). AIM: To evaluate the influence of @entity27 on echocardiographic and haemodynamic parameters in @entity1 with @entity384 , and the outcome in long-term follow-up. METHODS: We enrolled @entity1 with @entity384 and severely impaired ejection fraction (EF < 30%). Each @entity1 underwent polygraphy, echocardiography, and right heart catheterisation. Subjects were divided into groups based on the apnoea-hy-popnoea index (AHI): > 0 and < 5 (group I), >=  5 and  <= 15 (group II), > 15 and  <= 30 (group III), and > 30 (group IV). We compared the @entity27 -free (AHI < 5) subjects with those with @entity27 (AHI >=  5). The evaluated clinical end-points were @entity204 and orthotropic heart transplant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 51 @entity1 . Mean EF was 22%; 59% of @entity1 were suffering from @entity27 . The increased severity of @entity27 correlated with worse pulmonary haemodynamics. @entity1 with @entity27 had higher mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance than individuals without @entity27 (p = 0.044, p = 0.032, respectively). The highest chamber diameters assessed in echocardiography were found in group IV (p < 0.05). A total of 10 end-points oc-curred during follow-up (8.9    5.1 months), with significant differences observed between groups I-IV and the highest rate in group IV (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The increasing severity of @entity27 worsens the prognosis of @entity384 @entity1 , independently of severe @entity712 and coex-istent @entity120 . Systematic @entity27 screening in @entity1 with @entity712 might facilitate identification of individuals at high risk of progression of @entity358 and end-point rate.

title: The influence of obstructive sleep breathing disturbances on echocardiographic and pulmonary haemodynamic parameters in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary haemodynamic impairment']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is known that T lymphocytes are activated in @entity1 @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). y  T cells, as a subset of T  cells, play a role in many @entity32 . However, whether y  T cells participate in the formation of @entity11557 remains unknown. In this study, we explored the role of y  T cells in @entity11557 lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the porcine pancreatic elastase-induced @entity11557 model, we found that knock out of y  T cells significantly attenuated @entity11557 formation. To elucidate how y  T cells contribute to @entity11557 , microarray analysis was performed, which found that the @entity7425 3-kinase/ @entity1994 signaling pathway was activated in elastase-perfused y  T knockout (y  T KO) @entity19 . By studying differentially expressed genes involved in @entity7425 3-kinase signaling, we found that proliferation-related genes ( @entity25546 , @entity66762 , @entity18122 ) were upregulated whereas apoptosis-related genes ( @entity2370 , @entity1896 , @entity30141 ) were downregulated in elastase-perfused y  T KO @entity19 . Furthermore, histopathologic analysis showed increased PCNA(+) and decreased TUNEL(+) cells in elastase-perfused y  T KO @entity19 compared with wild-type @entity19 . In addition, inflammatory cytokines including @entity635 , @entity8929 , and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a were downregulated in the @entity439 tissues of elastase-perfused y  T KO @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal a pathogenic role of y  T cells in the experimental @entity11557 model, likely through mechanisms regulating cell proliferation and mediating inflammatory response. Thus, targeting of y  T cells may offer a potential therapeutic method for aortic @entity439 .

title: Deficiency of y  T cells protects against @entity1028 by regulating XXXX 3-kinase/ @entity1994 signaling.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity7425 :: (CHEBI:18179,Chemical) :: ['phosphoinositide']


abstract: Allergic airway responses cause proliferation of epithelial cells and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), and the resolution of @entity1358 involves reduction of cell numbers. The role of @entity32 and apoptosis on this process was investigated in P-selectin +/+ and -/- @entity19 sensitized and challenged with OVA by analyzing the expression and the role of regulators of apoptosis in metaplastic mucus cells. No differences were observed in @entity1358 at 5 days of allergen exposure between +/+ and -/- @entity19 , despite reduced @entity1312 levels in -/- @entity19 . Although @entity58 levels were similar in both -/- and +/+ @entity19 , @entity1312 and @entity59 levels had decreased and @entity60 levels were increased earlier in -/- compared with +/+ @entity19 . @entity1358 levels were decreased 4-fold at 7 days of allergen exposure in -/- @entity19 and at 15 days in +/+ @entity19 . The percentage of @entity1380 -expressing mucus cells increased significantly at 7 days in -/- @entity19 and at 10 days in +/+ @entity19 . The @entity1380 -positive mucus cells exhibited caspase-specific cleavage of @entity14435 . @entity60 caused @entity1380 expression in @entity1312 -induced @entity1358 in microdissected airway cultures. @entity1358 remained significantly elevated in @entity1380 -/- @entity19 following 15 days of allergen exposure compared with +/+ @entity19 , while the number of eosinophils was reduced in both @entity1380 +/+ and -/- @entity19 at 15 days. Together, these data demonstrate that reduced @entity1312 levels were sufficient to elicit maximum @entity1358 , that @entity60 induces @entity1380 in metaplastic mucus cells, and that @entity1380 plays a critical role in the resolution of @entity1358 , but not in the resolution of eosinophils.

title: XXXX is crucial for @entity60 -induced resolution of allergen-induced @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['MCM', 'mucus cell metaplasia']

answer: @entity1380 :: (12028(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Bax']


abstract: Glucocorticoids inhibit plasma extravasation induced in the @entity35 tracheal mucosa by substance P and other @entity4756 released from sensory nerves. This study was performed to determine whether this antiinflammatory effect of glucocorticoids is mediated by the @entity4756 -degrading enzymes @entity8123 ( @entity8123 ) and @entity1811 (angiotensin converting enzyme, @entity1811 ). In addition, we studied the effect of @entity619 on a nonpeptide inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ), which is not degraded by @entity8123 or @entity1811 . Adult male pathogen-free F344 @entity35 were treated for 2 d with @entity619 (0.5 mg/kg per d i.p.), or with the vehicle used to dissolve the @entity134 . The magnitude of plasma extravasation produced by an intravenous injection of substance P (5 micrograms/kg) or @entity5567 (10 micrograms/kg) was then assessed by using Monastral blue pigment as an intravascular tracer. The role of @entity8123 and @entity1811 activities in the changes produced by @entity619 was investigated by examining the effect of the selective inhibitors of these enzymes, phosphoramidon and @entity3371 . @entity619 reduced the substance P-induced extravasation by 57% but did not affect the @entity5567 -induced extravasation. The suppressive effect of @entity619 on substance P-induced extravasation was completely reversed by simultaneously inhibiting @entity8123 and @entity1811 activities, but the inhibition of these enzymes had no effect on @entity5567 -induced extravasation, regardless of whether the @entity35 were pretreated with @entity619 or not. These results suggest that @entity8123 and @entity1811 mediate a selective inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on neurogenic plasma extravasation.

title: XXXX and @entity1811 mediate glucocorticoid inhibition of neurogenic inflammation in the @entity35 trachea.

entities_list: @entity8123 :: ('24590(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['NEP', 'neutral endopeptidase']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin', 'tachykinins']

answer: @entity8123 :: (24590(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Neutral endopeptidase']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3018 Background: Growth factor signaling through @entity470 drives @entity5 proliferation, motility, angiogenic stimulation, and protects the cells from stress induced apoptosis. EMD 72000 is a humanized monoclonal anti- @entity470 IgG1 antibody that blocks ligand binding, @entity470 signaling, induces receptor downregulation, and potentially participates in antibody-dependent cell-mediated @entity5 cell killing. METHODS: A phase I study was conducted to assess the safety and anti- @entity5 activity of EMD 72000 in 24 @entity1 with advanced refractory @entity1820 . Antitumor activity was assessed using CT and @entity419 PET dual-modality tomography. Subjects were randomized in groups of 6 to receive absolute doses of 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg EMD 72000 weekly for 4 wks followed by treatment with 400 mg per wk until disease progression. EMD 72000 was administered by 1-hr IV infusion without routine premedication. CT and @entity419 PET images were obtained before treatment and in wks 4 and 8. Skin and @entity5 biopsies were obtained before treatment and at wks 4 (skin only) and 8. Blood samples for pharmacokinetics were obtained weekly for 8 wks. RESULTS: @entity1 population: 21 colorectal, 2 cholangiocellular, and 1 @entity356 ; median age was 58 (range 29-70) years with a median of 3 prior chemotherapy protocols (range 0-6) and 2 sites of metastatic disease (range 1-4). @entity5 were @entity470 + by immunohistochemistry. No NCI-CTC grade 3 or 4 drug-related @entity137 were observed; grade 1/2 skin reaction was seen in > 80% of subjects with doses >=  200 mg. Assessment of metabolic response by PET-CT using EORTC criteria in 18 @entity1 after 4 wks on study showed 1 CR (800 mg), 6 PR (2 each at 400 and 800 mg, 1 each at 100 and 200 mg), and 9 SD. One @entity1 who did not show @entity419 uptake at baseline achieved a CR during follow up with magnetic resonance imaging. Median time to progression was 13 wks. CONCLUSIONS: In this study administration of EMD 72000 was associated with no grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . Preliminary evidence of metabolic response by PET and antitumor activity by CT and MRI was seen in heavily pretreated subjects with @entity1820 . [Table: see text].

title: A randomized phase I study of the humanized @entity470 ( XXXX ) monoclonal antibody EMD 72000 in subjects with advanced @entity1820 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors', 'gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: @entity3519 is a syndrome characterized by action-induced, @entity2473 of the laryngeal muscles. Most @entity1 have involvement of the adductor laryngeal muscles producing uncontrolled spasms during phonation, and a "strain-strangle" speech pattern commonly termed " @entity7364 ." Other @entity1 have involvement of the abductor muscles producing "whispering @entity7364 ." Rare @entity1 have paradoxical @entity3746 during respiration with adductor spasms on inspiration. Over the past 5 years we have used botulinum toxin (BOTOX) to treat more than 200 @entity1 with @entity3519 . This group includes @entity1 with adductor involvement (phonatory @entity3519 , recurrent laryngeal nerve section failure, @entity3519 ) and those with abductor involvement (whispering @entity3519 ). @entity1 received benefit within 24 to 72 hours, with sustained improvement for 2 to 9 months with an average of 4 months. @entity1 improved to an average of 90% of normal function. Clinically significant adverse effects included extended @entity7364 and mild choking on fluids. BOTOX has become our treatment of choice for @entity3520 conditions of the larynx.

title: XXXX : a series with botulinum toxin therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia', 'spastic dysphonia', 'breathy dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity2473 :: ('MESH:D013035', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary spasms']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dystonia', 'laryngeal dystonia', 'dystonia', 'Laryngeal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord motion']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['Laryngeal dystonia']


abstract: The concept of primitive @entity4969 (PNETs) has been evolving for many years, as has been its nomenclature. A 5 year old @entity1 presented with @entity158 in lower cervicodorsal region and left leg. Preoperative MRI of the spine and paravertebral region revealed a hyperintense lobulated lesion extending from D1-D4 with a large intraspinal and thoracic component. @entity5 was achieved via a dorsal laminectomy and right posterolateral thoracotomy. The pathological findings were consistent with @entity6196 . Post operative neurological examination had been unremarkable. Six months follow up scan showed no recurrence. A review of the literature shows that only 18 cases of primary intraspinal PNETs have been reported to date and the present case is exclusive, in which the @entity5 was thoracic, extradural in location and the @entity1 is alive at 8 months of follow up, with no evidence of @entity5 recurrence/ @entity3 . Primary intraspinal PNETs are rare @entity5 and carry a poor prognosis. Newer modalities of treatment should be tried to improve survival.

title: Primary intraspinal XXXX ( @entity6196 ): a rare occurrence.

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A total removal of tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity6196 :: (MESH:D018242,Disease) :: ['primitive neuroectodermal tumor']


abstract: Healthy colonocytes derive 60-70% of their energy supply from short-chain @entity1718 , particularly @entity4876 . @entity4876 has profound effects on differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells by regulating expression of various genes associated with these processes. We have previously shown that @entity4876 is transported across the luminal membrane of the colonic epithelium via a @entity3338 transporter, @entity3195 . In this paper, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation histochemistry, we have determined the profile of @entity3195 protein and mRNA expression along the crypt to surface @entity2270 of healthy @entity1 colonic tissue. There is a gradient of @entity3195 protein expression in the apical membrane of the cells along the crypt-surface @entity2270 rising to a peak in the surface epithelial cells. @entity3195 mRNA is expressed along the crypt-surface @entity2270 and is most abundant in cells lining the crypt. Analysis of healthy colonic tissues and @entity189 using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting revealed a significant decline in the expression of @entity3195 protein during transition from normality to @entity5 . This was reflected in a corresponding reduction in @entity3195 mRNA expression, as measured by Northern analysis. @entity189 samples displaying reduced levels of @entity3195 were found to express the high affinity @entity413 transporter, @entity1365 , suggesting that there is a switch from @entity4876 to @entity413 as an energy source in colonic epithelia during transition to @entity5 . The expression levels of @entity3195 in association with @entity1365 could potentially be used as determinants of the malignant state of colonic tissue.

title: Molecular changes in the expression of @entity1 colonic nutrient transporters during the transition from normality to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['Butyrate', 'butyrate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: @entity1765 ( @entity1765 ), @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) and @entity71 ( @entity71 ) are often associated with deficits of impulse control and @entity146 . @entity1765 and @entity3119 are closely related on epidemiological, psychopathological and neurobiological levels, whereas @entity71 and @entity3119 phenomena seem to be at opposite poles. Research evidence on the clinical significance of associated @entity3119 is reviewed and linked to our own new data. Thus the analyses of a worldwide database on @entity4676 ( @entity4676 ) (N = 4,833) showed that that the associated symptomatology of the @entity3119 spectrum has to emphasized. In further investigations, premonitory sensorimotor phenomena reminiscent of @entity3119 were more frequent in @entity1 with @entity1765 as they grew older. @entity3119 concomitant with @entity4676 was particularly associated with impulsive and @entity146 , as well as with @entity308 and @entity148 . The data suggest a reduced serotonergic transmission. Self-reports by @entity1 with @entity71 , as opposed to those by their parents, mentioned a significantly higher quantitative degree of OC phenomena than those by @entity1 with @entity4676 . These findings suggest that OC symptoms in @entity1 with @entity71 have so far been neglected in assessments by others. In summary, a complex psychopathological pattern of tic, @entity146 , impulsivity and internalizing symptomatology emerges that requires discriminating assessment and treatment.

title: [Compulsive phenomena in @entity1 with @entity1765 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'OC behavior']

entities_list: @entity1765 :: ('MESH:D013981', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'tic disorders', 'Tic disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['Obsessive-compulsive behavior', 'obsessive-compulsive behavior', 'obsessive-compulsive disorders', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['TS', "Tourette's Syndrome"]

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention deficit-hyperactive disorder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since 1990, the number of @entity1 treated at the Odense University Hospital for @entity130 following road traffic with registered motor vehicles has increased. In this study we wanted to examine if the increase included an increase in more @entity130 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included all inhabitants in the Municipality of Odense treated at the Odense University Hospital for more @entity130 (MAIS > or = 3) following road traffic accidents as drivers or passengers in registered motor vehicles during the period January 1st 1990 to December 31st 1999. RESULTS: 241 @entity1 were included. 177 (73 per cent) were @entity1 . The median age was 29.5 years for @entity1 and 57 years for @entity1 . The total incidence was 1.3 @entity130 per inhabitant/year. No significant increase was recorded during the period 1990 to 1998. Single accidents without counterpart were the most frequent type of accidents (55 per ent). 66 per cent of the @entity1 were hospitalised and 24 per cent died as a result of their @entity130 . Injuries localised at the head and neck were most frequent (29 per cent) followed by @entity130 localised at legs and arms (18 per cent and 23 per cent). DISCUSSION: The incidence of more @entity130 following road traffic accidents with registered motor vehicles was constant during the period. Accidents involving young @entity1 and single accidents were dominating. Prophylactic measures should be aimed at this type of road users.

title: [Severe XXXX following road traffic accidents with registered motor vehicles among the inhabitants of the municipality of Odense 1990-1999].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'severe injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic treatment of acutely incarcerated @entity169 is uncommon and still controversial. Those being performed almost all use the transabdominal (TAPP) approach. The authors here present their experience with totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of acutely incarcerated @entity547 . METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken to evaluate the authors' experience with this procedure over a 4-year period. There were 16 cases, 5 of which were performed using a conventional anterior repair. These 5 cases were excluded from the review. The surgery for all of the remaining 11 acutely incarcerated @entity547 was started laparoscopically using the TEP approach. Eight of the cases were completed this way, whereas three were converted to the open procedure. In addition to standard TEP repair techniques, a releasing incision is required for acutely incarcerated direct, indirect, or @entity18659 . With a direct @entity547 , the opening of the defect is enlarged to allow safe dissection of its contents. A releasing incision is made at the anteromedial aspect of the defect to avoid injury to the epigastric or iliac vessels. With an indirect @entity547 , several additional steps are required. The epigastric vessels may be divided; an additional trocar may be placed laterally below the linea semicircularis to facilitate dissection of the sac and to assist with suturing of the divided sac; and the deep internal ring is divided anteriorly at the 12 o'clock position toward the external ring, facilitating dissection of the indirect sac. With a @entity18659 , a releasing incision is made by carefully incising the insertion of the iliopubic tract into Cooper's ligament at the medial portion of the femoral ring. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 50 min (range, 20-120 min), and the length of hospital stay was 5.4 days (range, 1-29 days). During a follow-up period of 9 to 69 months, there was no recurrence, and only two complications. One of these complications was an infected mesh that occurred in a case involving @entity130 . It was treated with continuous irrigation and salvaged. The other complication was a midline @entity2737 after a small bowel resection for a strangulated @entity10193 . CONCLUSIONS: Familiarity with the anatomy involved leads to the conclusion that the laparoscopic approach, specifically the TEP procedure, can be used without hesitation even in cases of acutely incarcerated @entity547 .

title: Laparoscopic extraperitoneal approach to acutely incarcerated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity18659 :: ('MESH:D006550', 'Disease') :: ['femoral hernia', 'femoral hernias']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity10193 :: ('MESH:D006553', 'Disease') :: ['obturator hernia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cecal injury']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations of @entity146 and physical illnesses during adolescence with quality of life (QOL) 17 years later. DESIGN: The @entity1 in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation. SETTING: Upstate New York. @entity1 : A community-based sample of mothers and their offspring were interviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity74 and @entity1314 and physical illnesses were assessed by self-report and mother report in 1985-1986. Outcome indicators of QOL were assessed in 2001-2004. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 without @entity74 , those with a history of @entity221 reported poorer physical health (mean difference [MD], -4.8); those with a history of an @entity74 reported poorer physical health (MD, -8.0) and more problematic social relationships (MD, -4.5); and those with a history of @entity1314 reported poorer physical health (MD, -8.2), more problematic social relationships (MD, -5.0), lower psychological well-being (MD, -3.6), and more adversity within their environmental context (MD, -4.6) in adulthood. Comorbid @entity221 and @entity146 were associated with all 5 QOL domains (MD, -3.1 to -11.9). After adjusting for all demographic variables and comorbidity, associations remained between @entity221 and poor physical health (effect size [ES], -0.33); an @entity74 and problematic social relationships (ES, -0.37); and @entity1314 and problematic social relationships (ES, -0.36), low psychological well-being (ES, -0.23), @entity73 (ES, -0.24), and an adverse environmental context (ES, -0.50). CONCLUSIONS: @entity146 may have more adverse long-term associations with QOL than do physical illnesses. @entity1314 may have a more adverse impact on adult QOL than do adolescent @entity74 .

title: Impact of XXXX and physical illnesses on quality of life 17 years later.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'mental disorder', 'Mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired role function']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent illness or disorder', 'Axis I disorder', 'Axis I disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Adolescent personality disorders', 'personality disorder', 'Axis II personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['adolescent mental disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the clinical manifestations and determine the distribution and the characteristics of drug susceptibility of pathogens, and provide evidence for clinical anti- @entity281 treatments among @entity409 due to non-fermenters. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective analysis to the pathogens and their drug susceptibility characteristics was carried out. We also collected these @entity1 ' clinical and laboratory data to identify the clinical manifestations. RESULTS: Fifty two episodes of @entity281 due to non-fermenters occurred in 31 @entity1 . The rods causing @entity2259 accounted for 46.2% of all non-fermenters (24/52). The most common non-fermenter was @entity3064 (21 isolates, 40.4%). There were 12 deaths in these 31 recipients (48.9%). A total of 12 (25%) episodes of @entity281 were accompanied with @entity326 . Antibiotic resistance rate of all non-fermenters to 8 of 12 antibiotics investigated was more than 60%. The rods were relatively sensitive to @entity2891 / @entity5899 . CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations of @entity281 due to non-fermenters included high body temperature, decreased platelet count, elevated white blood cell count, onset in the early period after transplantation as well as high rates of @entity326 and mortality. The antibiotic resistant rate of non-fermenters was very high among liver transplant recipients.

title: The clinical manifestations and distribution and resistance of pathogens among @entity409 caused by non-fermenters: a clinical analysis of 31 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver transplantation with infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Common variants of chromosome 9p21.3 associated with @entity301 have been established, but the association of 9p21.3 and @entity385 ( @entity13198 ) is not consistent. The aim of this study is to confirm the association of @entity385 and 9p21.3 in a Chinese Han population. This is a hospital-based case-control study, which involves 769 @entity1 and 682 healthy controls. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with @entity385 in previous literatures were genotyped and analyzed. The association analyses were performed at both SNP and haplotype levels. Three ( @entity30295 , @entity66011 , and @entity66012 ) of eight SNPs were associated with @entity385 . In an allelic association analysis, @entity30295 , @entity66012 , and @entity66011 were significantly associated with @entity13198 ; the odd ratios were 1.18 (95  % @entity13198 ( @entity13198 )   =   1.01-1.37, P   =   0.04), 1.29 (95  % @entity13198   =   1.06-1.56, P   =   0.01), and 1.30 (95  % @entity13198   =   1.05-1.60, P   =   0.02), respectively. @entity66011 remains significantly associated with @entity13198 independent of traditional cerebrovascular risk factors in a recessive model (odds ratio (OR)   =   1.35, 95  % @entity13198   =   1.06-1.71, P   =   0.013, Q   =   0.03) and in an additive model (OR   =   1.38, 95  % @entity13198   =   1.11-1.71, P   =   0.004, Q   =   0.02); conversely, @entity30295 (OR   =   1.28, 95  % @entity13198   =   1.03-1.59, P   =   0.02, Q   =   0.03) and @entity66012 (OR   =   1.31, 95  % @entity13198   =   1.05-1.65, P   =   0.02, Q   =   0.03) were significantly different in a recessive model. Haplotype analysis showed that the protective effect for haplotype AATAA remained significant (OR   =   0.87, 95  % @entity13198   =   0.73-1.00, P   =   2.99   *   10(3), Q   =   2.15   *   10(3)). These findings showed that chromosome 9p21.3 is an important susceptibility locus for @entity385 in Chinese population.

title: Chromosome 9p21.3 Variants Are Associated with XXXX in Chinese Population.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity13198 :: ('OMIM:610141', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'confidence interval']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity242 represent less than 1% of all diagnosed @entity1 @entity5 . They are generally malignant and can infiltrate retroperitoneal structures. The value of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are difficult to evaluate and the dominating factor in the outcome is the ability to resect the @entity5 . A few @entity1 develop distant @entity3 . Recurrence of @entity242 at the operative site and on peritoneal surfaces is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality. CASE REPORTS: Here we report two @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity242 . In each of them at least two primary @entity5 were diagnosed. The @entity5 were histologically different, thus they cannot be considered local recurrence but rather @entity5 . CONCLUSION: This is the first report underlying the synchronous or metachronous presence of different histological subtypes in this neoplastic pathology. In explanation of the occurrence of @entity5 and multiple @entity5 , a virus-associated etiology or polyclonality of the @entity5 or pluripotentiality of @entity5 stem cells should be considered.

title: Synchronous and metachronous XXXX : two case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroperitoneal tumors', 'neoplasias', 'primary tumors', 'satellite tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'retroperitoneal sarcoma', 'Retroperitoneal sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal sarcomas']


abstract: Cell adhesion to fibronectin results in formation of actin stress fibres and focal adhesions. In fibroblasts, this response requires two co-operative signals provided by interactions of the RGD sequence with alpha5beta1 integrin and the heparin-binding domain II (Hep II) domain with @entity13224 . Within Hep II, this activity was mapped to repeat III13 and to the peptide FN-C/H-V(WQPPRARITGY, repeat III14). We previously described that the synthetic heparin-binding peptide/III5 ( @entity20166 ) (WTPPRAQITGYRLTVGLTRR, repeat III5) binds heparin and mediates cell adhesion via chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans. We have now studied whether @entity20166 co-operates with alpha5beta1 and drives a full cytoskeletal response in @entity320 cells. SKMEL-178 cells attached and spread on the RGD-containing FNIII7-FNIII10 (FNIII7-10) fragment, but did not form stress fibres or focal adhesions. Co-immobilization of @entity20166 /III5 with FNIII7-10 or adding soluble @entity20166 to cells prespread on FNIII7-10, effectively induced these structures. Cell transfection with dominant-negative N19RhoA, a member of the small GTPase family, abolished the @entity20166 effect. Both chondroitinase and heparitinase diminished focal adhesions, indicating that both types of proteoglycans bound @entity20166 in @entity320 cells. We have mapped the active sequence of @entity20166 to YRLTVGLTRR, which is a novel sequence in fibronectin with focal-adhesion-promoting activity. The last two @entity369 (R) residues of this sequence are required for activity, since their replacement by @entity493 completely abrogated the @entity20166 cytoskeletal effect. Moreover, this sequence is also active in the context of large fibronectin fragments. Our results establish that the Hep III region provides co-operative signals to alpha5beta1 for the progression of the cytoskeletal response and that these include activation of @entity3547 .

title: A synthetic peptide from the heparin-binding domain III (repeats III4-5) of fibronectin promotes stress-fibre and focal-adhesion formation in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to evaluate whether @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, have a different outcome than higher-income @entity1 . Medicaid insurance coverage was used as a proxy of low family income. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on a group of @entity1 younger than 21 years of age seen at the University of North Carolina @entity1577 Center in 1994. RESULTS: The difference in median age at diagnosis for Medicaid (132 days) and non-Medicaid (177 days) @entity1 was not statistically significant (p = 0.17). Medicaid @entity1 ' mean maximum percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second for the year was 11.6% less than that of the non-Medicaid group (p = 0.01); this difference was constant across age. Medicaid @entity1 averaged 0.8 more admissions for the year (p < 0.01) and 8.8 more days (p < 0.01) in the hospital but received the same amount of outpatient intravenous therapy. They also had 1.20 more outpatient visits to the center during the year (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Medicaid @entity1 with @entity1577 have worse lung function and require more treatment for pulmonary exacerbations than their more advantaged counter-parts. This difference appears to begin early in life, does not increase with age, and is not explained by inadequate access to outpatient specialty care or delayed diagnosis. Other explanations such as inadequate access to primary care, poor adherence to prescribed regimens, or greater exposure to pollutants (e.g., environmental @entity286 smoke) are speculative.

title: Relationship between socioeconomic status and disease severity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Beta-blocker use is associated with @entity3361 after @entity2072 administration but also decreases mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 or @entity299 . We conduct a retrospective cohort study to analyze the safety of beta-blockers in @entity1 with positive urine toxicology results for @entity2072 . METHODS: The cohort consisted of 363 consecutive telemetry and ICU @entity1 who were admitted to a municipal hospital and had positive urine toxicology results for @entity2072 during a 5-year period (307 @entity1 ). Fifteen @entity1 with uncertain history of beta-blocker use before admission were excluded. The primary outcome measure was @entity583 ; secondary outcome measure was inhospital mortality. Logistic regression analysis using generalized estimating equations models and propensity scores compared outcomes. RESULTS: Beta-blockers were given in 60 of 348 admissions. The incidence of @entity583 after administration of beta-blocker was significantly lower than without treatment (6.1% versus 26.0%; difference in proportion 19.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.3% to 30.0%). One of 14 @entity204 occurred in @entity1 who received beta-blockade (incidence 1.7% versus 4.5% without beta-blockade; difference in proportion 2.8%; 95% CI -1.2% to 6.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that use of beta-blockers significantly reduced the risk of @entity583 (odds ratio 0.06; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.61). CONCLUSION: In our cohort, administration of beta-blockers was associated with reduction in incidence of @entity583 after @entity2072 use. The benefit of beta-blockers on myocardial function may offset the risk of @entity3361 .

title: Beta-blockers are associated with reduced risk of XXXX after @entity2072 use.

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Recently, anti- @entity6300 autoantibodies have been proposed as a useful marker in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) since their occurrence correlates with @entity8 and, possibly, with nephritic activity. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anti- @entity6300 antibodies in @entity1 with @entity1252 , with and without @entity8 , and to correlate these markers' presence and levels with the activity of the disease and @entity8 . We studied 61 @entity1 with @entity1252 , 40 of whom had biopsy-proven @entity1988 ; 35 @entity1 with other connective tissue diseases; and 54 healthy controls. In addition, 18 @entity1988 @entity1 were followed up during the disease time course. Anti- @entity6300 antibodies were measured using "homemade" ELISA with high salt concentration (1 M @entity2827 ). High anti- @entity6300 antibody titers (> 55 AU) were present in 27 of 61 (44%) @entity1252 @entity1 and in 4% and 0% of normal blood donors and pathologic controls, respectively. Anti- @entity6300 antibodies were found in 60% of @entity1 with @entity1988 compared with only 14% of @entity1252 @entity1 without @entity8 (P < 0.05). Moreover, @entity1 who were positive for anti- @entity6300 antibodies had a higher European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM) score (4.35 vs. 2.2); 89% of @entity1 with active @entity1988 showed high titers of anti- @entity6300 antibodies compared with 0% of @entity1 with inactive @entity1310 . Anti- @entity6300 and anti-dsDNA antibodies agreed in 79% of cases. Our results confirm that anti- @entity6300 antibodies are present in a significant percentage of @entity1252 @entity1 , and that their presence and levels correlate with disease activity-in particular, during renal flare-ups.

title: Anti- XXXX autoantibodies in @entity1988 : prevalence and clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal involvement']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity6300 :: (712,Gene) :: ['C1q']


abstract: Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) followed by HPLC-fluorescence detection (FLD) was optimised for analysing 15 @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) from water samples, especially rainfall water with low @entity2556 content. The literature data described widely different experimental conditions for the extraction of @entity2556 by SBSE. A chemometric approach was therefore used to evaluate the statistically influential and/or interacting factors, among those described in the literature, and to find the best extraction and desorption conditions. Among six factors studied in a 2(6-2) fractional factorial design, only sample volume, extraction time and the interaction between both of them had significant effects on the @entity2556 extraction recoveries. Optimal sample volume of 10 mL and extraction time of 140 min were obtained with a response surface design. For the desorption conditions, a Box-Behnken design showed that desorption time, temperature and @entity2556 concentrations had significant effects. The best conditions were two successive desorptions with 100 microL of @entity1626 for 25 min at 50 degrees C. The optimised method was repeatable (RSD< or =5.3% for 50 ng L(-1) spiked water and < or =12.8% for 5 ng L(-1) spiked water), linear (R(2)> or =0.9956), with quantitative absolute recoveries (> or =87.8% for 50 ng L(-1) spiked water), and with the LOD between 0.2 and 1.5 ng L(-1). The optimised method was successfully applied to six-rainfall water samples collected in a suburban area. The total @entity2556 concentrations studied ranged from 31 to 105.1 ng L(-1). Seasonal variation was observed and on average three @entity2556 were at the highest concentrations ( @entity11966 , @entity14368 and @entity9435 ).

title: An experimental design approach to optimise the determination of XXXX from rainfall water using stir bar sorptive extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity14368 :: ('MESH:C007738', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoranthene']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity1200 , @entity12010 , @entity7017 , @entity1112 is a fatal syndrome of overwhelming @entity792 . Recent identification of @entity3744 as the causative gene and realization that this same gene defect occurs in the mutant @entity19 @entity3744 has yielded new insights and hopes of unraveling the mechanism of @entity792 in this and possibly other diseases. In this review, we describe the clinical features of @entity1200 , @entity12010 , @entity7017 , @entity1112 / @entity3744 and compare this phenotype with similar syndromes caused by other single gene mutations. We examine therapeutic options to treat the syndrome, study its immunologic basis, and investigate the structure and function of the @entity3744 protein. RECENT FINDINGS: The @entity3744 mutant @entity19 has a characteristic phenotype that causes death by approximately 3 weeks of age. It is known that the effector cells in the @entity3744 @entity19 are CD4+ T cells and that a population of normal T cells can control the overwhelming @entity792 that they induce. Recent data have demonstrated that this process requires antigenic stimulation and that the degree to which the immune system responds is inversely proportional to the level of @entity3744 protein ( @entity3744 ) expression in peripheral T cells. Suppression of immune activation by @entity3744 may occur due to its ability to bind to DNA through a putative forkhead DNA-binding motif and to repress transcriptional activation from certain promoters in T cells. SUMMARY: Because of the dramatic phenotype and rapidity of onset, @entity1200 , @entity12010 , @entity7017 , @entity1112 and @entity3744 provide a powerful model in which to study mechanisms of T cell regulation. A more complete understanding of this syndrome will provide important insights into mechanisms of immune suppression, tolerance, and @entity792 .

title: @entity1200 , @entity12010 , @entity7017 , @entity1112 : a model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['Immune dysregulation', 'immune dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['polyendocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['immune dysregulation']


abstract: A 44-year-old @entity1 , who was suffering from widespread musculoskeletal @entity158 , @entity1295 , and @entity25 , was diagnosed as @entity239 . There was no apparent @entity347 . @entity4480 therapy was introduced with a dose of 60 mg/day at bedtime. A few days later her husband noted severe teeth clenching and associated loud grinding noises during sleep. Then, @entity4480 dosage was reduced to 30 mg/day. The @entity8599 continued with this dosage, thus the therapy was discontinued. The @entity8599 resolved after cessation. Three weeks later, @entity4480 therapy was restarted at the dosage of 60 mg/day. On the third day of the therapy, @entity8599 started again and @entity3659 therapy at the dosage of 10 mg/day was added to @entity4480 therapy. The dosage of @entity3659 was incrementally adjusted to 25 mg/ day. On the fourth day of the combined therapy, @entity8599 symptoms improved. Two months later, the @entity8599 symptoms were resolved and the complaints for @entity239 were under control. Although @entity8599 has been reported due to @entity906 use, there is only one @entity4480 -induced @entity8599 case in the literature which was treated with @entity5633 . However, we report @entity4480 -induced @entity8599 treated successfully with @entity3659 in a @entity1 with @entity239 . Tricyclic antidepressants have a suppression effect on the REM phase of the sleep cycle; this may help to cease the @entity8599 symptoms appearing in that phase of the sleep cycle. This is the first reported case of @entity239 with @entity4480 -induced @entity10410 successfully treated with @entity3659 .

title: @entity4480 -induced @entity10410 in XXXX Successfully Treated With @entity3659 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity5633 :: ('MESH:D002065', 'Chemical') :: ['buspirone']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity10410 :: ('MESH:D020186', 'Disease') :: ['sleep bruxism']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine', 'Duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disease']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['Fibromyalgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have indicated that statins influence the risks and mortality rates of several types of solid @entity5 . However, the association between statin use and survival in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) remains unclear. METHODS: We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for relevant studies published up to September 2014 that assessed statin use and @entity14 prognosis. The primary outcomes were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity5 -specific survival (CSS). The secondary outcomes were disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled with Mantel-Haenszel random-effect modeling. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Four studies on post-diagnosis statin therapy and five studies on pre-diagnosis statin use were included in our meta-analysis of 70,608 @entity1 . Compared with the non-users, the @entity1 with post-diagnosis statin use gained survival benefits for @entity1349 (HR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.85, P<0.001) and CSS (HR 0.70; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.81, P<0.001). In addition, we observed that pre-diagnosis statin use prolonged the survival of @entity1 with @entity14 for @entity1349 (HR 0.70; 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.91, P=0.007) and CSS (HR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.86, P<0.001). However, we did not observe a survival benefit for DFS (HR 1.13; 95% CI: 0.78 to 1.62, P=0.514) or @entity1349 (HR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.36 to 2.70, P=0.975) in the @entity14 @entity1 with post-diagnosis statin use. CONCLUSIONS: Statin use before or after @entity5 diagnosis is related to reductions in overall and @entity5 -specific mortality in @entity14 survivors.

title: Relationship Between the Use of Statins and XXXX Survival in @entity14 : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: Managing severe @entity295 early has several benefits. Correct early management includes delivering an appropriate fluid challenge. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether junior doctors prescribe adequate fluid challenges to severely septic @entity1 . DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A questionnaire outlining three scenarios, each involving a @entity1 with severe @entity295 , but with varying weights (50/75/100 kg), was distributed to junior doctors, working in two UK hospitals, managing surgical @entity1 . @entity1 were asked the fluid volume challenge that they would prescribe for each @entity1 . Responses were compared with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign's recommended volume during the study (20 ml/kg). FINDINGS: Totally, 77 questionnaires were completed. There were 15/231 (6.5 per cent) correct responses. The median volume chosen in each scenario was 500 ml, equating to 5-10 ml/kg. There was no significant difference between doctor grades ( @entity64807 ) in any scenario. With most junior doctors (FY1), there was no difference in responses according to weight; for SHOs the only significant difference was between the 75 and 100 kg scenarios. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Junior doctors are not following guidelines when prescribing fluid challenges to severely septic @entity1 , giving too little and not adjusting volume according to body weight. This implies that high-prevalence, high-mortality conditions are not being treated appropriately by those most likely to treat these @entity1 . More teaching, training and reassessment is required to improve care. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This, the first case-based survey the authors could find, highlights an issue requiring significant improvement. The implications are likely to be relevant to clinicians in all UK hospitals.

title: Are adequate fluid challenges prescribed for severe XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: The @entity876 mutation spectrum can generate hypotheses linking carcinogen exposure to @entity1 @entity5 . Although it is well-documented that @entity286 smoking is a major cause of @entity2 , the contribution of air pollution is less well-established. We determined the molecular and immunohistochemical changes ( @entity876 gene mutations, @entity876 protein accumulation and @entity994 protein expression) and genetic polymorphisms of @entity9164 , @entity4187 and @entity5320 genes in a case series of @entity1149 from Silesia. This region of southern Poland is highly industrialized with considerable environmental pollution. More than 50% of @entity2 (90/164) contained @entity876 mutations and 75% showed the combined alteration of the @entity876 gene and protein accumulation. Males occupationally exposed to coal-derived substances showed a relatively high frequency of @entity957 , relatively frequent mutations in codon 298 of @entity876 and a low frequency of @entity876 immunohistochemically positive @entity5 . Codon @entity65323 mutations have rarely been found in @entity2 in other populations. We found no correlation between @entity994 protein expression and mutations in the @entity876 gene or @entity876 protein accumulation. No statistically significant relationship was found between @entity876 mutations and @entity9164 , @entity4187 , @entity5320 genotypes. Never smokers with @entity2 from Silesia had a higher frequency of G: @entity6344 :A transversions than previously reported of the @entity876 mutation spectrum in never smokers (6/15 vs 4/34; P = 0.06 by chi2). These data are a tentative indication that occupational and environmental exposure to @entity2555 , such as @entity3014 , in polluted air contributes to the molecular pathogenesis of @entity2 in never smokers.

title: Molecular epidemiological study of XXXX from an environmentally polluted region of Poland.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous and large-cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of @entity3822 ( @entity3822 ) and @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and to compare them with the results obtained with cardiac catheterization. Clinical history, electrocardiogram and X-ray were taken in all @entity1 , and transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography were performed. Cardiac catheterization with transmyocardial biopsy was performed on only 5 @entity1 . Wall thickness and left ventricular dimensions were normal in all @entity1 with @entity3822 . Wall thickness was increased in those with @entity296 . No @entity1 demonstrated alterations in segmental wall movement. The pericardium was thickened and abnormally bright in the 3 @entity1 with @entity3822 . In @entity1 with @entity3822 the percentage of @entity99 changes with respiration were more than 10%. In @entity1 with @entity296 this flow variation was less notable. However, the percentage of systolic and diastolic flow velocity increase of hepatic veins during expiration was greater than in @entity3822 . We can conclude that M-mode, two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography is extremely useful noninvasive method to differentiate @entity3822 and @entity296 with good correlation with cardiac catheterization.

title: [ XXXX and @entity296 ].

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['RC', 'restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular, semilunar, pulmonary and hepatic flow']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['Constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advanced glycation end products, selectins, and @entity1254 play important roles in the development of @entity731 in individuals with @entity6 . @entity12350 has been shown to reduce the concentration of glycated hemoglobin in @entity6 @entity1 . However, its effects on soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs), selectins, and @entity1254 in these @entity1 are poorly understood. This study was conducted to assess the effects of @entity12350 on the circulating levels of sRAGEs, @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), selectins, and @entity1254 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: @entity6 @entity1 eligible for @entity12350 monotherapy or combination therapy (eg, @entity12350 plus a @entity5736 ) were administered @entity12350 (50 mg/day) for 6 months. Levels of soluble @entity8729 (sP-selectin), soluble @entity4105 (sE-selectin), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), @entity2842 , sRAGEs, and @entity1254 were measured by ELISA at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: At baseline, the levels of @entity2842 , sP-selectin, sE-selectin, and sVCAM-1 were higher and the level of @entity1254 was lower in @entity6 @entity1 than in nondiabetic @entity1 . @entity12350 therapy for 3 and 6 months significantly reduced plasma levels of sP-selectin, sE-selectin, sVCAM-1, and @entity2842 relative to baseline, while significantly increasing @entity1254 levels. sRAGEs did not exhibit a statistical significance, although there was an increasing tendency. Furthermore, the reductions in sP-selectin, sE-selectin, sVCAM-1, and @entity2842 during @entity12350 therapy were significantly greater in responders, defined as @entity1 with a significant increase in @entity1254 levels, than in nonresponders. In contrast, responders showed a significant increase in the plasma concentration of sRAGEs. CONCLUSION: @entity12350 shows an @entity1254 -dependent anti-atherothrombotic effect, which may be beneficial for primary prevention of atherothrombosis, in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Anti- @entity731 effects of @entity12350 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity12350 :: ('MESH:C496398', 'Chemical') :: ['Sitagliptin', 'sitagliptin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the clinical significance of @entity5 vascularisation in operated @entity2 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histological slides obtained from 498 @entity1 with potentially curative operated @entity2 in two different institutions of thoracic surgery were immunohistochemically stained with an anti- @entity2280 antibody and subjected to quantitative image analysis. Syntactic structure analysis measured the absolute and relative features of vessels, including the numerical @entity5 cells densities relative to their nearest neighbouring vessel. These data are associated with @entity5 volume, post-surgical TNM stage, and each @entity1 's survival. RESULTS: The clinical data, including sex distribution, age of @entity1 , pTNM stages and survival, did not differ between the two institutions. The @entity5 vascularisation (volume fraction, Vv) amounted to 7% in @entity2 , was independent from cell type and increased in advanced @entity5 stages (pT4, @entity8603 ). Advanced @entity5 stages presented with a higher numerical vascular density and with maintained minimum diameter and circumference of vessels. Each @entity1 's survival was closely associated with the pN stage, @entity5 volume, cell type and numerical density of @entity5 cells within a distance less than 20 micro m from the nearest neighbouring vessel due to multivariate statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: @entity5 becomes altered in advanced @entity5 stages. Of prognostic significance is the distribution of @entity5 cells in relation to the nearest neighbouring vessel only.

title: Vascular diffusion density and survival of XXXX with @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Vascularisation of lung tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']