abstract: The effects of @entity1339 on the incidence of @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) are controversial. In this study, we evaluated the effects of @entity1339 and @entity10445 on the incidence of @entity1209 and the need for antiemetics in @entity1 undergoing ambulatory surgery. One hundred healthy @entity1 undergoing outpatient surgical procedures were included in the study. A standardized anesthetic technique was used for all @entity1 . @entity1 were randomized to receive either mivacurium (n = 50) or @entity2898 (n = 50) to achieve @entity4589 . Bolus doses of mivacurium 2-4 mg or @entity2898 5-10 mg were administered to maintain one or two twitches of the train-of-four stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. After surgery, residual @entity4094 was reversed with @entity1339 2.5 mg i.v. and @entity10445 0.5 mg i.v. only if clinically deemed necessary (i.e., fade on train-of-four stimulation, inadequate tidal volume, reduced hand grip, or inability to maintain head lift). The incidence of @entity1209 and the need for antiemetics were recorded in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), in the phase II unit, and 24 h after surgery. We compared @entity1 who received @entity1339 (n = 40) for reversal of residual @entity4094 with those who did not (n = 60). More @entity1 receiving @entity2898 required reversal drugs than those receiving @entity24478 (68% vs 10%). There were no differences in the incidence of @entity390 (18% vs 15%), @entity391 (8% vs 12%), and the need for antiemetics (13% in both the groups) in the PACU between @entity1 who received @entity1339 and those who did not. In addition, the duration of PACU stay and the time to home-readiness were also similar between the groups. We conclude that, compared with @entity2898 , the use of mivacurium decreases the need for reversal drugs. In addition, reversal of residual @entity4094 with @entity1339 does not increase the incidence of @entity1209 or the need for antiemetic medications in @entity1 undergoing ambulatory surgery. IMPLICATIONS: In this study, we showed that the incidence of @entity1209 and the need for antiemetics do not increase with the use of @entity1339 and @entity10445 for reversal of residual @entity4589 .

title: The effects of antagonizing residual @entity4094 by XXXX and @entity10445 on @entity390 and @entity391 after ambulatory surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle paralysis']

entities_list: @entity24478 :: ('MESH:C049430', 'Chemical') :: ['mivacurium']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1339 :: (MESH:D009388,Chemical) :: ['neostigmine']


abstract: @entity6705 ( @entity6705 ) is a b-secretase protein that plays a central role in the production of the b-amyloid peptide in the brain and is thought to be involved in the Alzheimer's pathogenesis. In type 2 @entity6 , @entity527 within the pancreatic islets is a pathophysiological hallmark, making crucial the study in the pancreas of @entity6705 and its homologous @entity26505 to understand the pathological mechanisms of this disease. The objectives of the present study were to characterize the localization of @entity6705 proteins in @entity1 pancreas and determine their function. High levels of @entity6705 enzymatic activity were detected in @entity1 pancreas. In normal @entity1 pancreas, @entity6705 was observed in endocrine as well as in exocrine pancreas, whereas @entity26505 expression was restricted to b-cells. Intracellular analysis using immunofluorescence showed colocalization of @entity6705 with insulin and @entity26505 with clathrin-coated vesicles of the plasma membrane in MIN6 cells. When @entity26506 were pharmacologically inhibited, @entity6705 localization was not altered, whereas @entity26505 content in clathrin-coated vesicles was increased. Insulin internalization rate was reduced, @entity8277 b-subunit (IRb) expression was decreased at the plasma membrane and increased in the Golgi apparatus, and a significant reduction in insulin gene expression was detected. Similar results were obtained after specific @entity26505 silencing in MIN6 cells. All these data point to a role for @entity26505 in the IRb trafficking and insulin signaling. In conclusion, @entity26505 is hereby presented as an important enzyme in b-cell function.

title: @entity26505 plays a role in the XXXX trafficking in pancreatic   -cells.

entities_list: @entity6705 :: ('23621', 'Gene') :: ['BACE1', 'BACE', 'b-site amyloidogenic cleavage of precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

answer: @entity8277 :: (3643,Gene) :: ['insulin receptor']


abstract: The aim of the present study was twofold. First, in general, to reveal new aspects of the potential vector role of ixodid ticks and @entity11101 by screening large numbers of specimens with recently developed molecular biological methods. Second, to evaluate the occurrence of vector-borne infectious agents in a geographical context. Altogether 3442 unfed hard ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, Haemaphysalis inermis, H. concinna, @entity18275 ) and 939 @entity11101 of @entity468 and @entity235 (Ctenocephalides felis, @entity235 , Pulex irritans) were collected in Hungary. DNA was extracted and analyzed in pools for representatives of the orders Rickettsiales and Mycoplasmatales. @entity27325 was newly identified as the most important potential vector for @entity26356 helvetica in the study region. A novel @entity26356 genotype (designated 'Candidatus R. hungarica') was also detected in the same tick species, with a maximum of 95.8% gltA gene sequence identity to known rickettsiae. In addition, P. irritans tested positive for @entity26356 sp. RF2125, which has not been previously described in Europe. The @entity1 pathogen @entity26356 and the feline pathogen 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' were shown for the first time to occur in Central-Eastern Europe. Further novel findings include the presence of Spiroplasma spp. in D. marginatus and @entity11101 . In conclusion, this molecular study extends the geographic range and vector spectrum of several arthropod-borne agents, some of which have zoonotic potential.

title: Molecular investigation of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and XXXX (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) as potential vectors of rickettsial and mycoplasmal agents.

answer: @entity11101 :: (MESH:D058267,Disease) :: ['fleas']


abstract: To determine whether opioid receptors (ORs) are involved in the delayed cardioprotection of ischemic preconditioning (IP), the effect of severe @entity209 ( @entity209 ) with a @entity413 -free buffer that contained @entity17376 and @entity897 on the viability of isolated @entity35 ventricular myocytes was first determined 20 hours after preconditioning with a sublethal @entity209 ( @entity11542 ) with a @entity413 -free buffer that contained @entity897 and @entity880 for 30 minutes in the presence of OR antagonists. With the use of @entity3460 exclusion as an index of cell viability, severe @entity209 killed >60% of the cells and the value increased significantly after @entity11542 . In the presence of 5x10(-6) mol/L @entity14719 ( @entity14719 ), a selective kappa-OR antagonist, but not 5x10(-6) mol/L @entity30820 , a selective mu-OR antagonist, or 5x10(-6) mol/L @entity5172 , a selective delta-OR antagonist, the cardioprotection of @entity11542 was significantly attenuated. To verify the role of kappa-OR, we studied the effects of severe @entity209 after pretreatment with the kappa-OR agonist U50,488H (UP) for 30 minutes. U50,488H at 3x10(-6) to 1x10(-4) mol/L increased cell viability concentration-dependently with an EC50 of 3.311x10(-6) mol/L. In the presence of 5x10(-6) nor-BNI, the cardioprotection of UP (3x10(-5) mol/L) was blocked. A time course study showed that UP-induced cardioprotection occurred in 2 windows: the first occurred approximately 1 hour later and the other occurred 16 to 20 hours later. Additional studies on cell contraction and intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) revealed that both UP and @entity11542 attenuated the inhibitory effects of severe @entity209 on contractility and electrically induced [ @entity141 ]i transient in single ventricular myocytes. On blockade of protein kinase C, the delayed cardioprotections of UP and @entity11542 were significantly attenuated. In conclusion, the results of the present study have provided evidence that kappa-OR mediates the cardioprotection of @entity11542 , which may involve protein kinase C and [ @entity141 ]i.

title: Cardioprotection of preconditioning by XXXX in the @entity35 ventricular myocyte. Involvement of kappa-opioid receptor.

entities_list: @entity5172 :: ('MESH:C055382', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrindole']

entities_list: @entity14719 :: ('MESH:C051844', 'Chemical') :: ['nor-BNI', 'nor-binaltorphimine']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'metabolic inhibition']

entities_list: @entity17376 :: ('MESH:D012966', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cyanide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-D-glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic inhibition']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity570 ( @entity571 ) is characterized by cartilage degradation without the formation of @entity5040 . Individuals with @entity571 have been less well studied, and it is unknown whether this @entity571 type differs from the osteophytic types with regard to bone tissue. The purpose of this study was to examine @entity79 ( @entity79 ), hip structural properties, and @entity174 risk in individuals with the @entity571 as compared to those with the osteophytic types (normotrophic/hypertrophic) as well as individuals without @entity571 . METHODS: This study is part of the Rotterdam Study, a large prospective population-based cohort study. We examined 5,006 @entity1 who had been assessed for @entity571 , @entity79 , and geometric measures at baseline and for incident nonvertebral @entity3604 (mean followup 9.6 years). We estimated the differences in bone characteristics between the @entity571 groups and the controls (no joint space narrowing or @entity5040 ). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate @entity3604 risk. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity571 had systemically lower @entity79 as compared to those with normotrophic @entity571 and as compared to the controls (6.5% and 9% for total body @entity79 ; 4% and 5% for skull @entity79 , respectively). @entity1 with @entity5040 had    4% and    5% higher total body and skull @entity79 , respectively, a wider femoral neck, and greater bone strength (12% and 5% higher section modulus, respectively) as compared to the controls or to those with @entity571 . The risk of @entity3604 was almost 50% higher in those with @entity571 as compared to the controls (hazard risk 1.48, P = 0.008). This difference was not explained by differences in the @entity79 , number of falls, @entity717 , or use of corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: Individuals with @entity570 have an increased risk of @entity3604 that is not fully explained by systemically lower @entity79 as compared to controls.

title: Bone parameters across different types of XXXX and their relationship to @entity3604 risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic type of OA', 'OA', 'atrophic OA']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytic OA', 'osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['degree of disability']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic type of hip osteoarthritis', 'atrophic hip OA']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['hip osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To highlight a case series of @entity1 manifesting @entity9467 and misdirection of tears laterally or along the @entity272 . This association has been termed @entity3066 . We describe the clinical features and outcomes of management of these @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 referred to 2 oculoplastic centers during a 6-year period for @entity9467 , who were considered to have misdirection of tears related in some way to @entity3066 . RESULTS: Nine @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 61.2 [11.3] years, range, 41-76 years) with @entity9467 and @entity5251 (100%), occasionally combined with upper-eyelid wetting (n = 2). All @entity1 had @entity3066 . Five @entity1 had @entity272 and in contact with the lateral canthus (type 1), and in 4 the lateral canthus was only partially obscured by upper-eyelid skin (type 2). Five @entity1 (56%) had linear excoriation of skin in the lateral canthus. All @entity1 underwent @entity3066 , 3 combined with ptosis repair and 3 combined with eyebrow-lift. All @entity1 achieved 80% to 100% improvement in @entity9467 following surgical intervention to the upper eyelid. The mean (range) follow-up was 2.8 (1-6) years. CONCLUSIONS: We defined @entity3066 as the misdirection of tears laterally or along the @entity272 causing @entity9467 , related in some way to @entity3066 . In all cases, @entity9467 improved with treatment of @entity3066 . Although recognized among physicians, this has never been formally described in the ophthalmic literature, to our knowledge.

title: @entity3066 : association of XXXX and tearing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['epiphora', 'bilateral epiphora']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['upper-eyelid dermatochalasis', 'upper-eyelid blepharoplasty', 'upper-eyelid wick syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['lateral spillover']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['upper-eyelid skin obscuring', 'upper-eyelid skin crease']

answer: @entity3066 :: (MESH:D005141,Disease) :: ['upper-eyelid dermatochalasis']


abstract: We previously described yps-3, a Histoplasma-specific nuclear gene probe useful in the identification of @entity3218 . By using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of DNA detected by the yps-3 gene and mitochondrial DNA, 76 clinical and soil isolates of @entity3218 were classified. The majority of North American isolates obtained from endemic regions of the midwestern United States were members of the previously characterized class 2, although four clinical isolates from different @entity1 with @entity791 from that region were grouped in class 1 with the temperature-sensitive Downs strain. A Florida soil isolate (FLS1) was placed in class 4 on the basis of RFLP with both probes. Two American Type Culture Collection strains (G184B and G186B) from Panama were grouped into class 3 by this analysis. A group of five @entity3218 isolates obtained from @entity1 with @entity791 in New York City were typed into a new class 5 on the basis of yps-3 polymorphisms; those organisms fell into two broad mitochondrial DNA patterns, designated 5b and 5c. Two new isolates from Panama were also members of this broad yps-3 class 5 group, but they exhibited a distinct mitochondrial DNA profile (class 5a). A sixth class was detected in DNA obtained from a @entity1 with @entity791 from Panama; that DNA had unique RFLP profiles with respect to both probes. These observations suggest that the Histoplasma-specific yps-3 gene probe is a sensitive tool for typing @entity3218 in clinical specimens. Additionally, these studies provide molecular support for the hypothesis that @entity791 -associated @entity3219 in nonendemic areas is due to reactivation of a previously acquired @entity281 .

title: Typing of XXXX by restriction fragment length polymorphisms in a nuclear gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum', 'H. capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

answer: @entity3218 :: (5037,Species) :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']


abstract: The ability of recombinant interferons (IFNs) to modulate recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) augmentation of natural killer (NK)-cell activity and to modulate the generation of activated killer (AK) cells was examined. Incubation of @entity19 spleen cells for 18 hr with either @entity1 @entity5041 or a @entity1 hybrid recombinant @entity4020 , rHuIFN-alpha A/D, which is active on @entity19 cells, resulted in a dose-dependent increase in NK activity; however, recombinant @entity19 @entity60 , rMuIFN-gamma, had little activity. A more than additive augmentation of @entity137 was obtained when spleen cells were incubated with the combination of @entity5041 and rHuIFN-alpha A/D. Incubation of @entity19 spleen cells with @entity5041 for 3 days resulted in a dose-dependent induction of AK cells which were cytotoxic to an NK-resistant @entity5 target cell. In contrast to the results observed on NK activity, incubation of spleen cells with rHuIFN-alpha A/D and @entity5041 inhibited AK-cell activity. Partially purified @entity19 @entity12419 had inhibitory activity comparable to that of rHuIFN-alpha A/D. The addition of rHuIFN-alpha A/D at the initiation of culture of spleen cells with @entity5041 (day 0) resulted in maximal inhibition of @entity137 ; inhibition was reduced or absent if rHuIFN-alpha A/D was added on day 1 or 2 of culture. The proliferation of spleen cells incubated with @entity5041 was also inhibited by rHuIFN-alpha A/D. Addition of rMuIFN-gamma to spleen-cells and @entity5041 increased the cytolytic activity of AK cells and did not inhibit @entity5041 -induced proliferation of spleen cells. Similar data were also obtained with @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes and recombinant cytokines. Incubation of @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes with @entity5041 and recombinant @entity1 @entity4020 (rHuIFN-alpha A) or recombinant @entity1 @entity379 (rHuIFN-gamma) resulted in a more than additive increase in NK activity. @entity1 AK-cell @entity137 was inhibited by rHuIFN-alpha A but enhanced by rHuIFN-gamma. Thus recombinant IFNs have differential effects on @entity5041 -induced cytotoxic cells, resulting in augmentation or inhibition of activity, which is dependent on both the type of IFN and the cytotoxic activity examined. These results may have important implications for the potential therapeutic use of combinations of these cytokines.

title: Interaction of recombinant interferons with recombinant @entity1199 : differential effects on natural killer cell activity and XXXX -activated killer cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal approach to @entity1 with locally recurrent, non-metastatic @entity5 is unclear. This study evaluates the outcomes and @entity137 associated with pelvic re-irradiation. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing re-irradiation for locally recurrent, non-metastatic, @entity5 between 2000 and 2014 were identified. Acute and late @entity137 were assessed using common terminology criteria for adverse events version 4.0. Disease-related endpoints included palliation of local symptoms, surgical outcomes, and local progression-free survival (PFS), distant PFS and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Two (6  %) experienced early grade 3+ @entity137 and seven (21  %) experienced late grade 3+ @entity137 . Twenty-three @entity1 presented with symptomatic local recurrence and 18 (78  %) reported symptomatic relief. Median local PFS was 8.7 (95  % CI 3.8-15.2) months, with a 2-year rate of 15.7  % (4.1-34.2), and median time to distant progression was 4.4 (2.2-33.3) months, with a 2-year distant PFS rate of 38.9  % (20.1-57.3). Median @entity1349 time for @entity1 was 23.1 (11.1-33.0) months. Of the 14 @entity1 who underwent surgery, median survival was 32.3 (13.8-48.0) months compared with 13.3 (2.2-33.0) months in @entity1 not undergoing surgery (p  =  0.10). A margin-negative (R0) resection was achieved in 10 (71  %) of the surgeries. Radiation treatment modality (intensity-modulated radiation therapy, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intraoperative radiation therapy) did not influence local or distant PFS or @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: Re-irradiation is a beneficial treatment modality for the management of locally recurrent, non-metastatic @entity5 . It is associated with symptom improvement, low rates of @entity137 , and similar benefits among radiation modalities.

title: The Use of Re-irradiation in Locally Recurrent, Non-metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We report our office-based technique and results of @entity4020 (BCG-IFN) for @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ). TECHNIQUE: Papillary lesions were ablated endoscopically after biopsy. Office flexible cystoscopy was performed, and a 0.038-inch guidewire or Glidewire was advanced into the renal pelvis. A 5F ureteral catheter was placed over the wire, and a free flow of urine was confirmed. Half-strength BCG + 50 million units of IFN was infused under low pressure for 1 hour. The ureteral catheter was removed, and @entity1 were instructed to void 1 hour later. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2006, 10 @entity1 with a median age of 72 years were treated with BCG-IFN for upper-tract @entity1606 in 11 renal units. Follow-up ureteroscopy with or without biopsy was performed after a 6-week induction to evaluate response. Complete responders were placed on a maintenance regimen. With a median follow-up of 24 months, 8 @entity1 (80%) demonstrated a complete response (CR) to therapy, and 2 had a partial response (decrease in @entity5 size, number, or both). Six @entity1 with a CR have continued on maintenance therapy. There were no side effects or complications with the instillation therapy. CONCLUSION: We describe a safe, minimally invasive, and effective office-based technique for upper-tract BCG-IFN instillation.

title: Setting a new standard for topical therapy of XXXX : BCG and @entity4020 .

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['BCG and interferon-alpha2B']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['upper-tract transitional-cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['upper-tract transitional-cell carcinoma']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) were studied in an attempt to evaluate the role of T lymphocytes in this disease and a possible influence of treatment. The proportions of various T cell subpopulations in blood were assessed with monoclonal antibodies. Before treatment the proportions of Leu-4+ cells and Leu 3a+ cells were decreased while Leu-2a+ lymphocytes appeared in normal proportions. @entity4755 + cells appeared in increased proportions. An increased proportion of Leu-M1 positive cells were identified in the lymphocyte preparation from the @entity1 , possibly reflecting the presence of activated granulocytes. Activation of the different cell types was studied with double staining technique. No activated Leu-3a+ or Leu-2a+ lymphocytes were present in blood when the @entity1 were analyzed as one group, but when divided into subgroups according to inflammatory activity, the highest levels of activated Leu-2a+ lymphocytes were found in the group with active disease. Functional assays measuring DNA synthesis of T and B cells were normal. After three months treatment with @entity3378 the @entity1 showed clinical and laboratory improvement. The proportion of activated Leu-2a+ cells decreased during treatment, but no other changes occurred in the lymphocyte markers or lymphocyte functional tests. A @entity1 control group showed no clinical improvement nor any changes in T cell markers. Our results support the concept that @entity1691 is a disease which affects the lymphocyte system and that the improvement induced by @entity3378 may involve actions on this system.

title: T lymphocytes in @entity1691 and the influence of XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphasalazine']

answer: @entity3378 :: (MESH:D012460,Chemical) :: ['sulphasalazine']


abstract: Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus (VMH) plays a critical role in regulating feeding and energy metabolism. The nucleus expresses high levels of the type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor ( @entity19484 ) and receives prominent innervation of nerve fibers containing @entity31173 ( @entity31173 ), an endogenous ligand of the receptor. In the present study, we showed that @entity19 deficient in @entity31173 had elevated basal feeding and increased nocturnal food intake after overnight fasting compared with the wild-type (WT) littermates. The @entity31173 null @entity19 also had lower circulating insulin levels compared with those of the WT @entity19 . Interestingly, the mutant @entity19 maintained a comparable body weight with the WT littermates. @entity19 with reduced @entity19484 expression in the VMH by small hairpin RNA knockdown (KD) recapitulated feeding phenotypes observed in the @entity31173 null @entity19 . However, VMH @entity19484 KD @entity19 gained significantly more weight than control @entity19 . The @entity1017 was due to an accumulation of @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) accompanied by reduced plasma free @entity1718 and @entity653 levels, increased respiratory quotients, and improved @entity413 tolerance. On the other hand, plasma insulin levels were comparable with the receptor KD and control @entity19 . Furthermore, the expression of several genes, including hormone-sensitive lipase, was significantly reduced in the @entity1386 of VMH @entity19484 KD @entity19 compared with controls. These results indicate that @entity31173 signaling through @entity19484 is a critical molecular mediator in the VMH in regulating feeding and lipid metabolism in @entity1386 .

title: Type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor in the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus is critical in regulating feeding and lipid metabolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue', 'WAT']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['white adipose tissue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of @entity5097 in body fluids is an established clinical tool to identify disorders of cellular respiration. However, there is very little known about the clinical value of urinary @entity880 measurements. We investigated urinary @entity880 excretion in @entity1 with @entity4434 . METHODS: Freshly voided urine samples were obtained from @entity1 with @entity4434 and controls both with and without @entity8 . Urine @entity880 was estimated by conversion to @entity2388 in the presence of @entity880 dehydrogenase and NAD. The @entity2125 produced was measured photometrically. Urine @entity880 was factored for urine @entity1011 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity4434 had a significantly higher urine @entity880 / @entity1011 ratio [mean: 84 x 10(-2) mmol/mmol; 95% confidence interval (CI): 40.8-127.1 x 10(-2) mmol/mmol] than healthy controls (mean: 1.3 x 10(-2) mmol/mmol; CI: 1.1-1.5 x 10(-2) mmol/ mmol) and those with a variety of @entity8 (mean: 3.1 x 10(-2) mmol/mmol; CI: 1.8-4.5 x 10(-2) mmol/mmol). CONCLUSIONS: Urinary @entity880 is increased in @entity4434 . The increase is likely to be due to reduced @entity880 co-transport in the proximal tubule. Urinary @entity880 / @entity1011 has clinical utility as a sensitive test of disordered @entity8 .

title: Urinary XXXX excretion is increased in @entity4434 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['proximal renal tubular function', 'renal diseases', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['renal Fanconi syndrome', 'Fanconi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5097 :: ('CHEBI:16651', 'Chemical') :: ['l-lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity5097 :: (CHEBI:16651,Chemical) :: ['L-lactate']


abstract: AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Monogenic @entity6 accounts for approximately 1-2% of all @entity6 , and is difficult to distinguish from type 1 and type 2 @entity6 . Molecular diagnosis is important, as the molecular subtype directs appropriate treatment. @entity1 are selected for testing according to clinical criteria, but up to 80% of monogenic @entity6 in the UK has not been correctly diagnosed. We investigated outcomes of genetic testing in our center to compare methods of selecting @entity1 , and consider avenues to increase diagnostic efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 36 probands tested for monogenic @entity6 in the last 10 years in a large adult @entity6 outpatient clinic, serving an ethnically diverse urban population. We compared published clinical criteria and an online @entity2175 onset @entity6 of the young calculator applied to these 36 @entity1 , and presented the predictions together with the molecular results. RESULTS: The overall mutation detection rate was 42%, reflecting the strict clinical selection process applied before genetic testing. Both methods had high sensitivity for identifying @entity1 with mutations: 88 and 89% for the clinical criteria and online calculator, respectively. Cascade testing in a total of 16 relatives led to diagnosis of a further 13 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Existing @entity1 selection criteria were effective in identifying @entity1 with monogenic forms of @entity6 , but the number of @entity1 missed using these strict criteria is unknown. Because of the potential savings resulting from correct molecular diagnosis, it is possible that testing a larger pool of @entity1 using less stringent selection criteria would be cost-effective. Further evidence is required to inform this assessment.

title: Diagnosis of monogenic XXXX : 10-Year experience in a large multi-ethnic @entity6 center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Decidualization of @entity1 endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) accompanied by the production of prolactin (PRL) and @entity10116 and rounded-cell morphology is indispensable for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated @entity268 signaling is known to be crucial for decidualization. We previously reported that activation of a @entity268 mediator, called Exchange protein directly activated by @entity268 (EPAC) promotes @entity268 analog- or ovarian steroid-induced decidualization in cultured @entity1 ESCs. In addition, small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down of the EPAC subtypes, @entity21919 or @entity33914 , or knock-down of @entity9704 , a downstream factor of EPAC signaling, blocked functional and morphological decidualization of ESCs. However, factors downstream of @entity33914 other than @entity9704 have not been determined. The present study was undertaken to identify additional downstream targets of @entity33914 associated with decidualization. Using proteomic analysis, we identified @entity4015 (CRT) as a potential target of @entity33914 . Knock-down of CRT expression in cultured ESCs significantly inhibited PKA-selective @entity268 analog- or PKA-selective @entity268 analog plus EPAC-selective @entity268 analog-induced PRL and @entity10116 expression. Furthermore, CRT knock-down suppressed the ovarian @entity134 -stimulated PRL and @entity10116 expression and morphological differentiation, and silencing of @entity33914 or CRT significantly increased senescence-associated b-galactosidase activity with enhanced @entity3544 expression and decreased @entity876 expression. These results suggest that @entity33914 and CRT are associated with cellular senescence in ESCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that @entity33914 -mediated CRT expression is essential for the functional and morphological differentiation of ESCs into decidual cells. Furthermore, both @entity33914 and CRT might prevent ESCs from undergoing abnormal cellular senescence during decidualization.

title: The role of exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP 2-mediated XXXX expression in the decidualization of @entity1 endometrial stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity10116 :: ('3484', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) 1', 'IGFBP1']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity4015 :: (811,Gene) :: ['calreticulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The tortuous vertebrobasilar artery (TVBA) often causes @entity531 in @entity1 with @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) and @entity1649 ( @entity1649 ). Implementation of @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) in these circumstances is hindered due to stiffness of the enlarged and dilated arteries and is often accompanied by poor outcomes. The surgical strategy in cases of @entity4254 and @entity1649 associated with the TVBA should be clarified in order to achieve good outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity5663 was performed in 268 @entity4254 @entity1 and 71 @entity1649 @entity1 . The TVBA as a compressing vessel was identified in 30 cases (11 cases of @entity4254 , 18 cases of @entity1649 , and 1 @entity1 with @entity158 ). All @entity1 underwent @entity5663 and a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Compression caused by the vertebral artery was found in all @entity1649 @entity1 and 4 @entity4254 @entity1 , and compression caused by the basilar artery was observed in 7 @entity4254 cases. Additional compression of the cranial nerve root entry/exit zone by cerebellar vessels was observed in 21 cases. The TVBA was mobilized by dissection of arachnoid adhesions between the vessel and the brainstem and retracted laterally. Then, the TVBA was retracted from the brainstem to the caudorostral direction. These manipulations resulted is "spontaneous" decompression of the cranial nerves without placing prostheses between the artery and the nerve root entry/exit zone. In all cases (except two), the displaced TVBA was fixed between the enlarged artery and brainstem using pieces of the @entity1 's muscle and adipose tissues, followed by application of fibrin glue. A cylindrical @entity1346 prosthesis was used in 1 case. In another case, the TVBA was retracted using a fascial loop fixed to the dura mater of the petrous pyramid by means of a suture. After application of @entity5663 , @entity4254 and @entity1649 symptoms completely regressed. There were several transient complications and 2 cases of permanent @entity393 . No clinical symptom recurrence was observed. CONCLUSION: @entity5663 is the most effective surgical treatment of @entity4254 and @entity1649 caused by the TVBA. The TVBA should be retracted from the brainstem without placing prostheses in the nerve root entry/exit zone.

title: [Trigeminal neuralgia and XXXX associated with vertebrobasilar artery tortuosity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['MVD', 'microvascular decompression']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful tic convulsif']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular conflicts']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial spasm', 'HFS']

answer: @entity1649 :: (MESH:D019569,Disease) :: ['hemifacial spasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2332 is widely accepted as a risk factor for subsequent @entity281 in surgical @entity1 , it has not been well defined in medical @entity1 . We sought to assess the risk of acquiring intensive care unit (ICU)--acquired @entity281 after @entity2332 among medical ICU @entity1 . METHODS: Adults (>= 18 years) admitted to French ICUs for at least 2 days between April 2000 and November 2010 were included. Surgical @entity1 were excluded. @entity1 were classified as having had mild @entity2332 (35.0  C-35.9  C), moderate @entity2332 (32  C-34.9  C), or severe @entity2332 (<32  C), and were followed for the development of @entity55 or @entity281 until ICU discharge. RESULTS: A total of 6237 @entity1 were included. Within the first day of admission, 648 (10%) @entity1 had mild @entity2332 , 288 (5%) @entity1 had moderate @entity2332 , and 45 (1%) @entity1 had severe @entity2332 . Among the 5256 @entity1 who did not have any @entity2332 at day 1, subsequent @entity2332 developed in 868 (17%), of which 673 (13%), 176 (3%), and 19 (<1%) @entity1 had lowest temperatures of 35.0  C-35.9  C, 32.0  C-34.9  C, and <32  C, respectively. During the course of ICU admission, 320 (5%) @entity1 developed @entity281 and 724 (12%) @entity1 developed ICU-acquired @entity55 . After controlling for confounding variables in multivariable analyses, severe @entity2332 was found to increase the risk for subsequent ICU-acquired @entity281 , particularly in @entity1 who did not present with severe @entity295 or @entity326 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of severe @entity2332 is a risk factor for development of ICU-acquired @entity281 in medical @entity1 .

title: Severe XXXX increases the risk for intensive care unit-acquired @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ICU-acquired bloodstream infection', 'infection', 'bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on the long-term effect of @entity619 on survival in @entity4008 are lacking. METHODS: A long-term follow-up study of the European @entity619 in Adulthood @entity4008 Study was performed. In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 301 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive adjunctive @entity619 (n = 157) or placebo (n = 144) between June 1993 and December 2001. We obtained survival data of @entity1 using the Dutch Municipal Population Register. RESULTS: Death had occurred in 32 of 301 included @entity1 (11%) at the primary outcome measurement 8 weeks after randomization. Follow-up was obtained for 228 of 246 evaluable @entity1 (93%), with median follow-up of 13 years. Overall, 31 of 144 @entity1 (22%) in the @entity619 group died and 44 of 134 @entity1 (33%) in the placebo group died (log-rank p = 0.029). After the primary end point of the study at 8 weeks, 20 @entity1 in the @entity619 group died and 23 @entity1 in the placebo group died (log-rank p = 0.27), with age being the sole predictor of @entity204 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In adults with community-acquired @entity4008 , the survival benefit from adjunctive @entity619 therapy is obtained in the acute phase of the disease and remains for years. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study of a population of Dutch @entity1 shows Class III evidence that @entity619 provides an extended survival benefit in @entity1 treated for @entity4008 , and this survival benefit extends as long as 20 years.

title: XXXX and long-term survival in @entity4008 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis', 'Bacterial Meningitis']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: In a pilot study of @entity1 with pathologic nipple discharge (PND) undergoing ductoscopy, we tested quantitative assessment of gene promoter hypermethylation using quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR (QM-MSP) to enhance detection of @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 with PND underwent ductoscopy; ducts with significant lesions were surgically resected (36 ducts in 33 @entity1 ) and those with minimal findings were not (28 ducts in 16 @entity1 ). QM-MSP was done on ductoscopy cell samples. Results were compared with cytology and tissue histology. RESULTS: Cells from ducts with significant lesions on ductoscopy had significantly higher levels of methylation than those with minimal findings. Furthermore, cells from ducts with @entity2735 displayed higher levels of methylation than those with benign lesions such as @entity1185 (P = 0.006); or ducts with minimal findings on ductoscopy (P = 0.0001). Cumulative @entity15893 , @entity8945 , and @entity21210 gene methylation accurately distinguished ducts with cancerous versus benign lesions (100% sensitivity, 72% specificity, and area under the curve of 0.91 according to receiving operating characteristic analyses). QM-MSP analysis was more informative than cytology (100% versus 29% sensitivity, respectively), for detecting @entity2735 . In a validation set of @entity982 -embedded @entity2735 and @entity1185 samples from @entity1 presenting with PND, QM-MSP was significantly higher in DNA from @entity2735 than @entity1185 sections (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The positive predictive value of ductoscopy was more than doubled (19% versus 47%) with the addition of QM-MSP, demonstrating the benefit of targeting ducts having both high methylation and significant abnormalities on ductoscopy for surgical excision. Future large-scale studies to validate this approach are needed.

title: Hypermethylated genes as biomarkers of cancer in XXXX with pathologic nipple discharge.

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['duct carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND: The cost of the therapeutic management of @entity2012 depends on the selection of resources used, surgery and/or pharmacological treatment, by the specialist responsible for treatment, related to the characteristics of the @entity1 and @entity5 . The objective of this work is to evaluate these costs for an illness that is rare but that is associated with a high morbidity in the context of routine clinical practice. METHODS: This was an epidemiological, prospective, naturalistic, multicentre study in Spain, in which 38 endocrinologists participated. Adult @entity1 with @entity2012 and a @entity4611 or macroadenoma were included in the study. @entity1 were assigned, according to first-line treatment, to the following two groups: surgery first-line group (surgery in the 6 months before inclusion or during the follow-up period) and pharmaceutical first-line group (treatment with @entity1943 analogues [ @entity16324 ] for at least 6 months and with or without surgery after starting treatment with @entity16324 ). Data were collected during routine visits made during a follow-up period of 2 years. All resources were estimated at 2009 prices (   ) and adjusted according to the Spanish consumer price index in 2010. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 were included, the majority of them with macroadenoma (70%). Eighty-eight percent of @entity1 were treated surgically (76% as a first-line treatment), while 12% of @entity1 received only @entity16324 . Treatment with @entity16324 was used at some point in the study by 85% of @entity1 . The mean annual total cost of @entity2012 is    9668 per @entity1 (   9223 for the surgery group and    11,054 for the pharmaceutical group). Seventy-one percent of the direct cost of the disease corresponds to treatment with @entity16324 . The cost of a @entity1 treated only with surgery is    2501 on an annual basis, versus    9745 for a @entity1 receiving only pharmacological treatment. In cases where a combination of both types of treatment is required, the annual total cost ranges from    10,866 to    12,364. CONCLUSION: The annual direct cost per @entity1 of @entity2012 in Spain is    9668. Even though surgery is the preferred option for treatment for a great number of @entity1 , @entity16324 must be added to the treatment regimen of the majority of such @entity1 . The costs associated with this treatment are greater than the cost of treatment with @entity16324 alone.

title: Cost of clinical management of XXXX in Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary microadenoma']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: Since January 2002 @entity796 sp. strains resistant to carbapenems and @entity5505 have been routinely screened as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program for metallo-beta-lactamase production, and their resistance determinants have been analyzed. @entity796 index strain 101-4704, which harbors a novel bla(IMP) variant, bla(IMP-16), was isolated in April 2002 from a 60-year-old @entity1 in Brasilia, Brazil. bla(IMP-16) was found on the chromosome of the @entity796 index strain, and the deduced @entity535 sequence (IMP-16) showed the greatest identities to IMP-11 (90.3%) and IMP-8 (89.5%). Sequence analysis revealed that bla(IMP-16) was associated with a class 1 integron, which also encoded @entity4028 -modifying enzymes. Downstream of bla(IMP-16) resided an open reading frame, which consisted of a new @entity4028 -modifying gene, namely, aac(6')-30, which was fused with aac(6')-Ib'. The @entity535 sequence of the aac(6')-30 putative protein showed the most identity (52.7%) to the sequence of AAC(6')-29b described previously. The fourth gene cassette constituted aadA1. The steady-state kinetics of IMP-16 demonstrated that the enzyme preferred @entity2886 and carbapenems to penicillins. The main functional difference observed among the kinetic values for IMP-16 compared to those for other IMPs was a lack of cefoxitin hydrolysis and a lower kcat/Km value for @entity2892 (0.36 microM(-1) . s(-1)). This report further emphasizes the spread of metallo-beta-lactamase genes and their close association with various @entity4028 resistance genes.

title: Integron carrying a novel metallo-beta-lactamase gene, blaIMP-16, and a fused form of XXXX -resistant gene aac(6')-30/aac(6')-Ib': report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity1688 represents a problem. Incidence and clinical data were examined to determine the influencing factors. SETTING: Level I @entity130 Center, Berlin, Germany. METHOD: Retrospective study (1 September 1997-31 December 2002) on hospitalized @entity1 with acute @entity1688 . The @entity1 ' swallowing ability was examined both clinically and endoscopically, and the results correlated with clinical data. RESULTS: A total of 175 @entity1 (144 (82.29%) male @entity1 and 31 (17.71%) female @entity1 (4.6:1) were studied. The peak age groups (43.45, +/-18.98, 14-89 years) were 20-30 years and over 60 years. C4-C6 were most commonly affected. @entity1688 was @entity130 -related in 147 (84%) @entity1 . Twenty-eight (16.0%) @entity1 appeared to be suffering from a @entity1282 on first feeding, 23 (82.14%) @entity1 with @entity1282 were tracheotomized. The level of @entity1688 (chi (2)=19.8; P<0.05), tracheotomy (chi (2)=21.7; P<0.05) and the duration of ventilation (chi (2)=24.84, P<0.05) were all found to be statistically significant factors in the development of a @entity1282 . Age, surgical approach, level of @entity1688 , severity of @entity912 and the need for tracheotomy were predictive of @entity1282 in 73.14% @entity1 . Five @entity1 with @entity1282 died (because of causes other than @entity1282 ) and 10 @entity1 were discharged with a feeding tube. CONCLUSION: No single trigger for a @entity1282 in acute @entity1688 was found. A combination of multiple factors (level of @entity1688 , severity of @entity912 , tracheotomy, accompanying @entity130 and accompanying illnesses) restricts swallowing and compensation of changes, to the extent that a @entity1282 becomes apparent.

title: XXXX in acute tetraplegics: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['Tetraplegia', 'tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing disorder', 'Swallowing disorder', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Dysphagia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefit of sublingual @entity396 in addition to standard @entity398 in the prevention of @entity548 at caesarean section. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial conducted from March to June 2007 at our department of obstetrics-Sousse-Tunisia, including 250 single low risk pregnant @entity1 undergoing caesarean section at gestational age>32 weeks gestation. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive at cord clamping either sublingual 200microg @entity396 (Cytotec) with 20UI intravenous @entity398 ( @entity398 ): bolus 10UI and infusion 10UI in 500ml Ringer Lactate): Group I, or only @entity398 at the same dose: Group II. The main outcome was total @entity190 assessed by decrease in perioperative hematocrit. Secondary outcomes included measured collected @entity190 , drop in hemoglobin level, additional @entity398 , side-effects and @entity260 . RESULTS: The two groups were similar in demographic and obstetrical @entity1 characteristics. Drop in hematocrit was more important in group II than in group I: 4.30%+/-3.14 versus. 1.10%+/-3.25; P=0.013. Drop in hemoglobin level was also more important in group II than in group I: 1.03g/dl+/-1.19 versus 0.54g/dl+/-1.17; P<0.01. Collected @entity190 was less important in group I than in group II: 669.68cc+/-333.01 versus 852.52cc+/-295.08 ; P<0.01. Need for additional @entity398 and @entity260 rate were more frequent in group II than in group I but the differences weren't significant. The rate of transient shivering, @entity390 and fever was significantly higher among @entity1 receiving @entity396 . CONCLUSIONS: Sublingual @entity396 (in addition to @entity398 ) is effective in prevention of @entity548 at caesarean sections when compared to @entity398 alone, without major side-effects. Larger studies are needed to confirm our results.

title: [Benefit of @entity396 for prevention of postpartum XXXX in cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial].

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['post-partum hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: @entity1582 is an incurable malignant expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Although there is no pathognomonic @entity74 among @entity1582 @entity1 , activation of the ras gene has been identified as a common mutation. We have previously described the use of the 3' k immunoglobulin light chain enhancer (3'KE) to target transgenic expression in @entity19 B and plasma cells, resulting in @entity26667 and c-myc-driven @entity19 models of @entity1582 . In this report, we characterize the role of activated mutant @entity17226 in B and plasma cells in @entity19 . We constructed @entity19 that use 3'KE to direct expression of a mutant activated @entity17226 . We also crossed the @entity17226 @entity19 with @entity19 bearing a c-myc transgene to study the cooperative effects of the transgenic constructs. @entity19 were sacrificed when moribund or at specific time intervals and characterized by serology, light microscopy, and flow cytometry. The transgenic @entity17226 animals develop B- and plasma cell lymphoproliferation, and aged @entity19 develop immunoglobulinemia, renal hyaline tubular casts, and microscopic foci of abnormal plasma cells in extramedullary sites, including the liver and kidney. Bitransgenic 3'KE/ @entity17226 @entity30320 -c-Myc @entity19 develop @entity1892 , with a median survival of 10 weeks. These data indicate that activated @entity17226 can play a role in B- and plasma cell homeostasis and that activated @entity17226 and c-Myc can cooperate to induce @entity1892 .

title: Targeted overexpression of an activated @entity17226 gene results in B-cell and plasma cell lymphoproliferation and cooperates with c-myc to induce XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice', 'Mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['fatal B-cell neoplasia', 'B-cell neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesion']

entities_list: @entity30320 :: ('p|SUB|V|12|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V12   E']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['fatal B-cell neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 usually gives rise to a specific anti- @entity5 immune response, but for unknown reasons the resulting immunity is not able to clear the @entity5 . Recruitment of activated effector lymphocytes to the @entity5 is important for efficient anti- @entity5 responses, while the presence of regulatory T cells (Treg) down-modulate @entity5 -specific immunity. We therefore aimed to determine homing mechanisms and activation stage of Treg and effector T cell infiltrating @entity694 compared to cells from the unaffected mucosa in @entity1 suffering from @entity694 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Lymphocytes were isolated from unaffected and @entity5 mucosa from @entity1 with @entity694 , and flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR was used to investigate the homing mechanisms and activation stage of infiltrating Treg and conventional lymphocytes. We detected significantly higher frequencies of @entity2902 (high) @entity403   CD127(low) putative Treg in @entity5 than unaffected mucosa, which had a complete demethylation in the @entity403 promotor. Tumor-associated Treg had a high expression of @entity4386 , and some appeared to be antigen experienced effector/memory cells based on their expression of aEb7 (CD103). There were also significantly fewer activated T cells and more @entity4386    conventional T cells susceptible to immune regulation in the @entity5 -associated mucosa. In contrast, @entity405   granzyme B    putative cytotoxic cells were efficiently recruited to the @entity5 . The frequencies of cells expressing a4b7 and the Th1 associated chemokine receptor CXCR3 were significantly decreased among @entity404    T cells in the @entity5 , while frequencies of @entity404   @entity16952    lymphocytes were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that @entity16952   @entity4386 (hi) Treg accumulate in @entity694 , while the frequencies of activated conventional Th1 type T cells are decreased. The altered lymphocyte composition in @entity694 will probably diminish the ability of the immune system to effectively attack @entity5 cells, and reducing the Treg activity is an important challenge for future immunotherapy protocols.

title: Accumulation of @entity16952   @entity4386 @entity403   @entity2902 (hi) regulatory T cells in XXXX correlate to reduced activation of conventional T cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon adenocarcinomas']


abstract: Purpose. @entity86 is fortunately uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of thyroid surgery that increases the postoperative morbidity and the hospital stay. In this study we compare the efficacy of collagen patch coated with @entity1 @entity2002 and @entity1 @entity556 (group C) and oxidized regenerated cellulose gauze (group B) versus traditional hemostatic procedures (group A) in thyroid surgery. Methods. From January 2011 to December 2013, 226 were eligible for our prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study. @entity1 requiring a video-assisted thyroidectomy without drain, "near total," or hemithyroidectomy were excluded. Other exclusion criteria were a diagnosis of @entity5 , @entity13209 , disorders of hemostasis or coagulation, and Graves or hyperfunctioning @entity1374 . Outcomes included duration of operation, drainage volume, and @entity260 . Results. Our results show a significant reduction in drainage volume in group C in comparison with the other two groups. In group C there was no bleeding but the limited numbers do not make this result significant. There were no differences in terms of other complications, except for the incidence of @entity2080 in group B. Conclusion. The use of @entity556 reduces the drainage volume, potentially the bleeding complications, and the hospital stay. These findings confirm the efficacy of @entity556 , encouraging its use in thyroid surgery.

title: Haemostasis in Thyroid Surgery: Collagen- XXXX -Thrombin Patch versus Cellulose Gauze-Our Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity13209 :: ('MESH:D006045', 'Disease') :: ['substernal goiter']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['Fibrinogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the geriatric population, @entity565 tends to be overlooked. Moreover, typical symptoms of @entity565 may mimic chronic @entity3617 and @entity2415 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of @entity565 between elderly (>/=65 years) and adult (<65 years) @entity565 @entity1 with regard to @entity565 severity, health-related quality of life, and direct expenditures for medical care generated by the disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was made in the asthmatic population older than 14 years in the area of Barcelona, Spain. @entity565 severity was determined according to the International Consensus criteria of 1992. St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the quality of life. Direct costs were calculated registering all costs generated by each @entity1 per year. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 282 adult @entity748 and 51 elderly @entity748 . @entity565 was more severe in the elderly group (mild 10%, moderate 35%, severe 55%) than in the adult group (mild 47%, moderate 35%, severe 18%). Elderly @entity748 had significantly higher total SGRQ scores (48 vs. 35, p < 0.001) than adult @entity748 , as well as significantly higher scores for all subscales. @entity565 -derived direct costs in elderly @entity748 (mean USD 1,490 vs. USD 773) were double those in adult @entity748 , mainly due to higher costs of hospitalization and medication in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: @entity565 in elderly @entity1 as compared with @entity565 in adulthood was more severe and was associated with a worse health-related quality of life, and significantly higher expenditures for medical care.

title: Quality of life and economic features in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: Currently, various formulas with different @entity844 compositions are used for enteral nutrition (EN). All formulas contain various concentrations of essential @entity1718 : @entity4722 (LA) and @entity7461 (ALA); LA is biotransformed into @entity1426 (AA) and ALA into @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) and @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ) in vivo. Some formulas contain preformed @entity8393 and @entity4601 . However, the effects of the differences in the @entity844 composition on the @entity844 status of @entity1 receiving long-term EN is not clear. We measured serum @entity844 concentrations in 50 @entity1 with @entity16 receiving long-term EN. The data were then compared retrospectively with reference to the @entity844 compositions of the formulas used. All of the @entity1 received almost their entire nutritional intake via EN for at least 1 year. Blood samples were obtained just before injecting the EN solution. Among the formulas that did not include @entity8393 or @entity4601 , formulas with low ALA concentrations were associated with low serum @entity8393 and @entity4601 . Conversely, the ALA-enriched formulas with reduced LA concentrations significantly increased @entity8393 and @entity4601 levels, although the levels remained lower than the control values. With the formula containing @entity8393 and @entity4601 , the @entity8393 and @entity4601 levels reached control values. Therefore, the @entity844 composition of the EN formulas affected the @entity844 status of @entity1 receiving long-term EN. Formulas containing preformed @entity8393 and @entity4601 with suitable amounts of essential @entity1718 may benefit these @entity1 .

title: The nutrient formula containing @entity7784 and @entity4600 benefits the XXXX status of @entity1 receiving long-term enteral nutrition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management strategy for mediastinal staging in early-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is not clearly defined. The true prevalence of mediastinal lymph node @entity3 ( @entity66 ) in resected pathologic T1 (pT1) @entity1149 must be known to define the role of invasive mediastinal staging in these @entity1 . METHODS: Data of @entity1 with pT1 lesions resected at Mayo Clinic between 1998 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with @entity66 were identified from pathology and operative reports. We reviewed demographics, radiologic data, and surgical procedures for those with pathologic T1 N2 @entity1149 . RESULTS: We identified 968 cases of pT1 lesions, 59 with pN2 disease (6.1%). For those with T1 @entity66 , the primary lung lesion was peripheral in 18 (31%) and central in 41 (69%). Of these, 36 had negative non-invasive mediastinal staging (3.7%) and were incidentally discovered. The most frequently affected lymph node station was 7 in 22 @entity1 (37%), followed by 5,6 in 18 (31%). Mediastinoscopy found positive lymph nodes in 3 of 16 @entity1 (19%) in which it was performed. Overall 5-year survival for pT1 N2 incidentally discovered during mediastinal lymph node dissection at the time of lung resection was 46% (95% confidence interval, 31% to 68%). CONCLUSIONS: True pT1 @entity1149 harbors a relatively low rate of @entity66 . The rate of occult @entity66 not observed on noninvasive preoperative mediastinal staging is even lower. For @entity1 with T1 @entity1149 and negative mediastinal imaging, routine mediastinoscopy results in a low yield of occult @entity66 discovery.

title: XXXX in T1 @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['N2 disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['N2 disease']


abstract: 1. Inactivation of @entity31688 and several of its derivatives was studied in a preparation of @entity95 lung perfused with Krebs physiological medium at 37 degrees C. Inactivation or removal of these compounds was calculated as the difference between the concentration of each @entity6115 in the perfusion medium and the effluent, collected separately from each lung. The extent of @entity6115 metabolic degradation was also measured, by column chromatography, in lung effluent. 2. With this technique the magnitude of @entity6115 removal as a function of concentration was determined and an apparent Km and Vmax of removal were calculated for each @entity6115 . 3. Percentage removal was highest with @entity21675 (95%), and decreased, apparently in relation to increasing @entity15060 - and side chain-hydroxylation (and therefore likely increased hydrophilicity), and @entity750 (64%), @entity6114 (53%), @entity11879 (35%), @entity935 (32%) and @entity1063 (23%). 4. Inactivation of each @entity6115 could be accounted for by metabolic degradation to deaminated products, which appeared in lung effluent within 90 s of beginning @entity6115 perfusion. 5. When intrapulmonary metabolism of @entity21675 was inhibited by simultaneous perfusion with @entity30324 (10 mM) and @entity4927 (10 micronM), the removal rate was unaltered, establishing that uptake of the @entity6115 from the vascular space is not dependent on metabolism at least for 4 min infusions.

title: The fate of biogenic monoamines in perfused XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4927 :: ('MESH:D010293', 'Chemical') :: ['pargyline']

entities_list: @entity11879 :: ('MESH:D009655', 'Chemical') :: ['octopamine']

entities_list: @entity21675 :: ('CHEBI:50048', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylethylamine']

entities_list: @entity31688 :: ('MESH:C029261', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-phenylethylamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity30324 :: ('MESH:C010059', 'Chemical') :: ['semicarbazide']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Background Context Controversy remains over the use of provocative discography in conjunction with computed tomography (CT) to locate symptomatic intervertebral discs in @entity1 with chronic, @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ).  The current study explores the relationship between discogenic @entity158 and disc morphology using discography and CT, respectively, and investigates the efficacy of this combined method in identifying surgical candidates for lumbar fusion by evaluating outcomes. Methods 43 consecutive @entity1 between 2006 and 2013 who presented with refractory @entity1643 and underwent discography and CT were enrolled in the study. For this study, "refractory @entity1643 " was defined as @entity158 symptoms that persisted or worsened after 6 months of non-operative treatments. @entity158 was defined as discography-provoked @entity1643 of similar character and location with an intensity of >=  8/10. Fusion candidates demonstrated positive-level discography and concordant annular tears on CT at no more than two contiguous levels, and at least one negative control disc with intact annulus. Surgical outcomes were statistically analyzed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), @entity717 Index (ODI), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) for back-related @entity158 and disability preoperatively, and 2 weeks, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results Annular tears were found in 87 discs. @entity158 was reported by 9 (20.9%) @entity1 at L3-L4, 21 (50.0%) at L4-L5, and 34 (82.9%) at L5-S1; @entity158 occurred significantly more often in discs with annular tears than those without (p<0.001). Painless discs were independent of annulus status (p=0.90). 18 (42%) of the original 43 @entity1 underwent lumbar fusion at L3-L4 (n=1(6%)), L4-L5 (n=6 (33%)), L5-S1 (n=5 (28%)), and two-level L4-S1 (n=6 (33%)) via a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MITLIF) approach with the aim to replace the nucleus pulposus with bone graft material. Median follow-up time was 18 months (range: 12-78 months). VAS, ODI, and SF-36 scores demonstrated significant improvements at 10 out of 12 postoperative time points compared with preoperative baseline. Conclusions Lumbar discography with post-discography CT can be an effective method to evaluate @entity1 with @entity615 refractory to non-operative treatments. Those @entity1 with one- or two-level high concordant @entity158 scores with associated annular tears and negative control disc represent good surgical candidates for lumbar interbody spinal fusion.

title: Using Provocative Discography and Computed Tomography to Select XXXX with Refractory Discogenic Low Back Pain for Lumbar Fusion Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['discogenic back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Concordant pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Isolated @entity2896 related to @entity5525 (VA) @entity439 is rare. It usually occurs bilaterally or ipsilaterally to the pathologic lesions. We report the case of a contralateral @entity2896 following ruptured dissecting VA @entity439 . A 38-year-old @entity1 was admitted for the evaluation of a 6-day history of @entity10 . Abnormalities were not seen on initial computed tomography (CT). On admission, the @entity1 was alert and no signs reflecting @entity51 were noted. Time of flight magnetic resonance angiography revealed a fusiform dilatation of the right VA involving origin of the posterior @entity5487 . The @entity1 suddenly suffered from severe @entity10 with @entity892 the day before the scheduled cerebral angiography. Neurologic examination disclosed @entity2003 and isolated left @entity2896 . Emergent CT scan showed high density in the basal and prepontine cistern compatible with ruptured aneurismal @entity548 . Right vertebral angiography illustrated a right VA dissecting @entity439 with @entity432 to inferiorly on left side. Double-stent placement was conducted for the treatment of ruptured dissecting VA @entity439 . No diffusion restriction signals were observed in follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of the brain stem. Eleven weeks later, full recovery of left @entity2896 was documented photographically. In conclusion, isolated @entity2896 associated with ruptured VA @entity439 may develop due to direct nerve compression by displaced verterobasilar artery triggered by primary thick clot in the prepontine cistern.

title: Dissecting aneurysm of vertebral artery manifestating as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['nuchal rigidity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral abducens nerve palsy', 'abducens nerve palsy', 'abducens nerve paresis', 'sixth nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['prominent displaced vertebrobasilar artery']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2896 :: (MESH:D020434,Disease) :: ['contralateral abducens nerve palsy']


abstract: Fetuses with homozygous @entity7723 usually die at the third trimester of pregnancy or soon after birth. Hence, the disease could potentially be a target for fetal gene therapy. We have previously established a @entity19 model of @entity7723 . These @entity19 mimic the @entity1 alpha-thalassemic conditions and can be used as preclinical models for fetal gene therapy. We tested a lentiviral vector containing the HS 2, 3, and 4 of the beta-LCR, a central polypurine tract element, and the @entity5358 gene promoter directing either the EGFP or the @entity1 @entity13554 gene. We showed that the GFP expression was erythroid-specific and detected in BFU-E colonies and the erythroid progenies of CFU-GEMM. For in utero gene delivery, we did yolk sac vessel injection at midgestation of @entity19 embryos. The recipient @entity19 were analyzed after birth for @entity1 @entity13554 gene expression. In the newborn, @entity1 @entity13554 gene expression was detected in the liver, spleen, and peripheral blood. The @entity1 @entity13554 gene expression was at the peak at 3-4 months, when it reached 20% in some recipients. However, the expression declined at 7 months. Colony-forming assays in these @entity19 showed low abundance of the transduced @entity1 @entity13554 gene in their BFU-E and CFU-GEMM and the lack of its transcript. Thus, lentiviral vectors can be an effective vehicle for delivering the @entity1 @entity13554 gene into erythroid cells in utero, but, in the @entity19 model, delivery at late midgestation could not transduce hematopoietic stem cells adequately to sustain gene expression.

title: Fetal gene therapy of @entity7723 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity7723 :: ('MESH:D017085', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-thalassemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Substance @entity10133 ), a neuropeptide mediator of @entity13624 , induces vasodilatation, plasma extravasation and @entity56 in the bladder. SP induced @entity32 is enhanced and maintained by the release of additional mediators. The @entity35 urothelium contains pre-formed @entity23346 ( @entity19984 ), a known proinflammatory cytokine, suggesting that it may mediate @entity1494 . We documented the time course of SP effects on @entity35 @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subcutaneous SP administration induced @entity13624 . The bladder, urine and serum were removed 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes following treatment, and changes in @entity19984 , @entity2137 ( @entity2137 ), @entity5019 and @entity4665 were determined. RESULTS: SP induced significant @entity19984 and @entity2137 release from the bladder following 30 minutes of exposure. @entity4665 protein was detected at significant levels following 60 minutes of SP exposure. Basal @entity5019 protein could be detected in control bladders with significant increases following 60 minutes of SP exposure. Histological examination of bladder tissue showed increased @entity4 in SP treated bladders. CONCLUSIONS: SP stimulated early release of urothelial @entity19984 as well as increased @entity19984 gene expression in this model of @entity13624 . SP also increased expression of the proinflammatory mediator @entity2137 . In addition, increases in @entity4665 enzyme and @entity5019 transcription factor were noted. The early release of @entity19984 suggests that it is an immediate proinflammatory regulator in the bladder and it establishes @entity19984 as candidate proinflammatory mediator of SP induced @entity13624 . These data continue to support our hypothesis that @entity19984 is a new target for intervention in @entity1494 .

title: Substance P induced release of @entity23346 from XXXX bladder epithelium.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder inflammation', 'bladder neurogenic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23346 :: ('103694877', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage migration inhibitory factor']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many studies have reported that @entity1 with @entity161 often have structural abnormalities of the @entity550 ( @entity550 ) and that some of these seem to be of genetic origin, therefore predating the onset of illness. The present study aimed to investigate whether these alterations in the @entity550 are genetic in origin by comparing the morphological patterns of three groups: normal controls, subjects at genetic high risk (GHR) for @entity716 , and @entity1 with @entity161 . The relationships between morphological variations and executive function were also investigated. METHODS: This study examined the magnetic resonance images of cingulate sulcus/paracingulate sulcus (CS/PCS) folding patterns in 222 subjects (103 normal subjects, 30 individuals at GHR, and 89 @entity1 with @entity161 ) and evaluated differences in the morphological and asymmetrical patterns of the @entity550 among groups. Neurocognitive tests were then performed and differences in cognitive performance were analyzed according to morphological variation. RESULTS: Differences in PCS folding were detected; the control group was significantly more likely than were other groups to show a well-developed left PCS (p=0.009) and leftward asymmetry of the PCS (p<0.001). However, neither GHR subjects (p=0.346) nor @entity1 (p=0.784) showed this leftward asymmetry. No statistically significant differences in CS continuity were observed. A more prominent left PCS (p=0.031) and leftward PCS asymmetry (p=0.030) were both associated with higher scores on the working memory task. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that GHR subjects have distinct @entity245 that resemble those of @entity1 with @entity161 even though they do not display any @entity716 symptoms. Certain developmental alterations in the @entity550 , such as the loss of leftward sulcal asymmetry in @entity1 with @entity161 , might be related to genetic factors. Additionally, this morphological alteration might partly account for the @entity73 in @entity161 .

title: Altered asymmetry of the XXXX in subjects at genetic high risk for @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'anterior cingulate cortex']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired executive function']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity550 :: (MESH:D000303,Disease) :: ['anterior cingulate cortex']


abstract: WE REEXAMINED TWO QUESTIONS CONCERNING @entity28348 ANTIGENS OF CYTOTOXIC T CELLS OF THE @entity19 : is @entity6689 antigen expressed on cytotoxic effector cells and can @entity137 be blocked by antibody to @entity28348 antigens in the absence of added complement? A 3-hr (51)Cr-release assay with @entity8624 or @entity1582 target cells was used to measure cell-mediated @entity137 . The cytotoxic activity of effector cells against allogeneic targets was abolished by exposure to @entity6689 , @entity3414 , or @entity3415 antiserum and complement. Specificity was established by tests with C57BL/6 @entity28348 congenic @entity19 and absorption studies with thymocytes. Similarly, the @entity137 of effector cells directed against semisyngeneic @entity1582 targets was reduced by @entity6689 , -2, or -3 antiserum and complement. Effector cell @entity137 against another semisyngeneic target was only marginally affected by @entity6689 antiserum and complement, but was abolished by @entity3414 or -3 antiserum and complement. It appears likely that cytotoxic T cells are a heterogeneous population with regard to @entity6689 expression and that past studies indicating an apparent absence of @entity6689 on cytotoxic T cells revealed a quantitative, not qualitative, feature of these cells. With regard to the activity of @entity28348 antisera in the absence of added complement, selective blocking of effector cell @entity137 for allogeneic and semisyngeneic targets was found with @entity3414 and @entity3415 antisera but not with @entity6689 antiserum. The specificity of blocking was established by tests with @entity28348 congenic @entity19 and absorption studies with thymocytes. With the exception of blocking by antisera to the H-2 haplotype expressed by the target cell, no effector cell blocking was observed with alloantisera or heteroantisera to a range of other cell surface molecules present on @entity19 lymphoid cells. One possibility to account for the selective blocking by @entity3414 and @entity3415 antisera is that @entity3414 ,3 determinants on the surface of cytotoxic T cells have a close spatial relation to the T cell receptor.

title: XXXX cells: @entity28348 phenotype and blocking of killing activity by @entity28348 antisera.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['splenic effector cells and leukemia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxic T']


abstract: Appendiceal mucocele is a rare cause of acute abdomen. @entity2466 represent 0.2-0.7% of all appendix specimens. The aim of this study is to report a case of a @entity2466 presented as @entity697 , discussing the clinical and surgical approach in the emergency setting. A 72-year-old female @entity1 was admitted to the emergency department with a clinical examination indicative of acute abdomen. The @entity1 underwent abdominal computed tomography scan which revealed a @entity5409 in the right iliac fossa measuring 8.3 * 5.2 * 4.1   cm, with calcified walls, and a mean density indicative of high protein content. The @entity1 was taken to the operating room and a right hemicolectomy was performed. The postoperative course was unremarkable. The histopathological examination revealed a low-grade @entity2466 with negative regional lymph nodes. Ultrasound and CT are useful in diagnosing @entity5 in the emergency setting. The initial operation should include appendectomy and resection of the appendicular mesenteric fat along with any fluid collection for cytologic examination. During urgent appendectomy it is important to consider every mucocele as malignant in order to avoid iatrogenic perforation causing @entity1725 . Although laparotomy is recommended, the laparoscopic approach is not contraindicated.

title: Diagnosis and Treatment of @entity2466 Presented as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous appendiceal neoplasms', 'mucinous appendiceal neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal mucocele and synchronous cancers']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute Appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether percentage of @entity5 volume (%TV) and percentage of high-grade @entity5 volume (%HGTV) help to better identify @entity1 at higher risk of early biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for non-metastatic high-risk @entity263 , as early BCR after RP might be associated with higher risk of @entity3 and cancer-specific mortality. @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined the data of 595 @entity1 treated with RP for non-metastatic high-risk @entity263 between 1992 and 2011 at two European tertiary care centres. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to graphically depict 2-year BCR-free survival. Multivariable Cox regression models addressed early BCR. We tested whether addition of %TV and %HGTV to a multivariable Cox regression model helps to increase a model's predictive accuracy (PA) for prediction of early BCR. RESULTS: In all, 32 @entity1 (10%) with specimen-confined @entity263 (pT2-pT3a, negative surgical margin, pN0) and 67 @entity1 (24%) with non-specimen-confined @entity263 had early BCR. After stratification according to %HGTV (%HGTV threshold:  <=33.33 vs >33.33%), the 2-year BCR-free survival rates were respectively 93 vs 60% (log-rank P < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression models %HGTV emerged as an independent predictor of early BCR (P < 0.001), whereas %TV did not (P > 0.05). However, adding %HGTV (regardless of its coding) to other covariates in multivariable Cox regression analysis did not increase the model's PA in a meaningful fashion compared with the use of the detailed Gleason grading system (6 vs 7a vs 7b vs 8 vs 9-10). CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of @entity1 with high-risk @entity263 , %HGTV and %TV did not improve prediction of early BCR after RP substantially, although %HGTV was an independent predictor of early BCR. Therefore, sophisticated TV/HGTV measurements do not seem to have additional benefit for early BCR prediction relative to the use of Gleason grading. However, these results need to be confirmed in larger, prospective studies.

title: Percentage of high-grade XXXX volume does not meaningfully improve prediction of early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy compared with Gleason score.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: There are no clinical reports that have compared @entity34647 , a selective @entity3624 oxidase inhibitor, with @entity208 in serum @entity414 -lowering efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity34647 and @entity208 in Japanese @entity9503 @entity1 with or without @entity210 . METHODS: A phase 3, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, parallel-group study conducted in Japan. @entity1 who had inadequate serum @entity414 levels (a @entity210 patient: serum @entity414 level >= 416  4  mol/L; an asymptomatic @entity9503 @entity1 with specific complications ( @entity1791 , @entity101 , @entity407 and/or @entity6 ): serum @entity414 level >= 475  8  mol/L; and an asymptomatic @entity9503 @entity1 with no specific complications: serum @entity414 level >= 535  3  mol/L) were randomized to @entity34647 120 mg/day or @entity208 200 mg/day, with an equal allocation ratio, for 16 weeks. To prevent the onset of @entity3811 by rapid serum @entity414 reduction, these doses were increased in a stepwise manner. The primary efficacy endpoint was the per cent change in serum @entity414 level from baseline to the final visit. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Overall, 206 @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity34647 and @entity208 . Two hundred and three @entity1 ( @entity208 : n = 105, @entity34647 : n = 98) received at least one dose of the study drug and had their serum @entity414 level assessed at least once. The baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. The mean age of @entity1 was 53  0    11  4 years and 99% of @entity1 were male. The primary efficacy endpoint was -34  3    11  1% in the @entity208 group (n = 105) and -36  3    12  7% in the @entity34647 group (n = 98). Non-inferiority of the serum @entity414 -lowering efficacy of @entity34647 to @entity208 was proved by the predefined non-inferiority margin (95% confidence interval, -5  3 to 1  3%). The overall incidences of adverse events and adverse drug reactions were similar between both groups. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: @entity34647 120 mg/day provides non-inferior serum @entity414 reduction compared with @entity208 200 mg/day and is well tolerated in Japanese @entity9503 @entity1 with or without @entity210 .

title: Comparison of @entity34647 and XXXX in Japanese @entity9503 @entity1 with or without @entity210 : a phase 3, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, parallel-group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9503 :: ('MESH:C537696', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemic']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity34647 :: ('MESH:C504882', 'Chemical') :: ['Topiroxostat', 'topiroxostat']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urinary lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: The association of mutations in the @entity35361 protein of the @entity519 -sensing pathway and @entity6582 has only been established in the last decade. Here we report the case of a novel @entity35361 gene mutation in a @entity1 with @entity6582 and summarize all reported cases to date. Case Report. A 55-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity1353 and a previous diagnosis of @entity6582 . PHD gene sequencing revealed a mutation on exon 2. The mutation was recognized as p.(Trp334(   )) ( @entity35362 ) resulting in a truncation of a highly conserved @entity3689 residue in catalytic domain. A diagnosis of @entity6582 secondary to mutant @entity35361 gene was made. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that with @entity35361 mutations there is moderate @entity6582 and @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) levels are generally low to normal. Two @entity1 with @entity35361 substitution mutations were found to have @entity1823 and one of these @entity1 had a concurrent @entity1911 . In addition, one mutation was associated with @entity50 . Given the severity of some of the clinical features of these mutations, we conclude that clinical guidelines should include the @entity35361 mutation in the @entity6582 .

title: Erythrocytosis due to XXXX Mutations: A Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Genetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic erythrocytosis', 'idiopathic erythrocytosis workup', 'erythrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Epo']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal sinus thrombosis']

answer: @entity35361 :: (54583,Gene) :: ['PHD2']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity252 , 47,XXY is the most common chromosomal aberration among @entity1 . It represents a naturally occurring @entity1 model for studies of both X-chromosome gene expression and potential @entity342 effects on brain development and function. The aim of this review is to combine available brain imaging and behavioral data to provide an overview of what we have learned about the neural underpinnings of cognitive, emotional and behavioral dysunctions in @entity252 . RECENT FINDINGS: The behavioral phenotype of 47,XXY is characterized by language, executive and @entity1155 , as well as socioemotional impairment. The prevalence of @entity161 , @entity71 , @entity72 and affective regulation problems is increased. Neuroimaging studies of @entity1 and adults with @entity252 show characteristic structural changes from typical individuals. There are increases in the grey matter volume of the sensorimotor and parietooccipital regions, as well as significant reductions in amygdala, hippocampal, insular, temporal and @entity75 volumes. Widespread white matter abnormalities have been revealed, with reductions in some areas (including anterior cingulate, bilaterally) but increases in others (such as left parietal lobe). Mechanisms underlying these developmental anomalies could include imbalance in gene dosage relative to typical @entity1 or @entity1 , as well as the potential consequence of @entity51 . SUMMARY: Studies of @entity252 could generate important information about the @entity154 in sex chromosome gene regulation on the development of cerebral grey and white matter and, ultimately, on @entity1 behavior.

title: Advances in research on the neurological and neuropsychiatric phenotype of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['impact of anomalies']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior-frontal grey matter']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ['Klinefelter syndrome', 'Klinefelter syndrome syndrome']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinological deficits']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor dysfunction']

answer: @entity252 :: (MESH:D007713,Disease) :: ['Klinefelter syndrome']