abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the cure rate and to identify risk factors that predict failure of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) in @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ), a @entity18485 , and low maximum urethral closure pressure. Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity3142 , a @entity18485 (straining urethral angle<or=35 degrees), and low maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP<or=25 cm @entity2507 ) underwent a TVT. Cure was defined as resolution of subjective @entity3142 symptoms and a negative cough stress test, which were measured after 4, 12, 18, and 24 months. @entity1 characteristics were compared and receiver-operator curves were used to identify risk factors for failure. The mean age was 71 years, and mean follow-up was 20.9 months. The overall cure rate was 78%. Risk factors for failure of the TVT were a straining urethral angle<or=20 degrees (cure rate 50%, odds ratio 7.7, p=0.02) and a MUCP<or=15 cm @entity2507 (cure rate 60%, odds ratio 6.3, p=0.03). For @entity1 with both risk factors, the cure rate was only 17% (p<0.001). No other risk factors were identified. The TVT has moderate success (50-60%) for @entity1 with @entity3142 and one risk factor (a straining urethral angle<or=20 degrees or a MVCP<or=15 cm @entity2507 ), but has poor success (17%) when both risk factors are present.

title: The tension-free vaginal tape in @entity1 with a XXXX and low maximum urethral closure pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity18485 :: ('MESH:D014523', 'Disease') :: ['non-hypermobile urethra']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress urinary incontinence', 'SUI']

answer: @entity18485 :: (MESH:D014523,Disease) :: ['non-hypermobile urethra']


abstract: FAD-dependent @entity7685 dehydrogenase ( @entity43985 ) enzyme is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane where it catalyzes irreversible oxidation reactions. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a @entity74 associated with physiological abnormalities in the @entity653 and free @entity1718 ( @entity6334 ) metabolic pathways. In the present study, we have evaluated the association among the @entity43985 @entity43986 sequence variation and postabsorptive plasma @entity6334 and @entity653 concentrations in a sample of French Canadians with and without @entity164 2 @entity6 . A sample of 81 recently diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 and 318 nondiabetic, nonobese, normotriglyceridemic French Canadians were screened for the presence of the @entity43985 @entity43986 genetic variant using a PCR-RFLP-based method. The 318 nondiabetic subjects were free of known @entity164 2 @entity6 covariates (fasting @entity413 <7.0 mmol/L, body mass index <29 kg/m(2), fasting @entity653 <2.0 mmol/L and absence of the @entity43987 sequence variation in the @entity653 kinase gene, fasting @entity412 <2.5 mmol/L). The association of @entity43985 @entity43986 sequence variation with plasma @entity6334 and @entity653 concentrations was assessed in different regression models. Among non- @entity6 individuals, the R allele (HR and RR genotypes) was associated with increased plasma @entity6334 and @entity653 concentrations (P < 0.05). However, the mean plasma @entity6334 and @entity653 concentrations were not affected by the @entity43986 genotype in the @entity164 2 @entity6 sample. Overall, mean plasma @entity6334 concentrations in non- @entity6 RR homozygotes reached values that were similar to those achieved in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (0.87 +/- 0.63 vs 0.90 +/- 0.48 mmol/L). After controlling for age, gender, body mass index, fasting @entity413 , and fasting @entity412 concentrations, the relative odds of having fasting plasma @entity6334 levels above the 90th percentile (0.9 mmol/L) in the absence of @entity6 was increased by twofold in @entity43986 heterozygotes (P = 0.04) and fourfold among R264 homozygotes (P = 0.009) compared to noncarriers. In the absence of @entity6 , the @entity43985 R allele was also associated with higher plasma @entity653 concentrations (P < 0.05). Results in non- @entity6 individuals suggest that the @entity43985 R allele is associated with @entity6 intermediate phenotypes. The absence of a relation between @entity43985 genotype and @entity6 is in accordance with the view that @entity6 is a complex phenotype in which increased plasma @entity6334 or @entity653 concentrations result from metabolic alterations which might obscure the effect of the @entity43985 polymorphism.

title: A sequence variation in the mitochondrial @entity7685 dehydrogenase gene is associated with increased plasma XXXX and free fatty acid concentrations among French Canadians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disorder']

entities_list: @entity7685 :: ('MESH:C029620', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol-3-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the phenotype of members of a large Caucasian British family affected by @entity6121 due to an @entity37579 mutation in the @entity37188 ( @entity37188 ) gene encoding @entity37188 ( @entity37188 ). METHODS: Retrospective review of 29 @entity1 from four generations of the same family. RESULTS: Visual symptoms usually commenced in childhood. Only two @entity1 , aged 14 and 25 years, had visual acuity compatible with driving. Of the 12 @entity1 aged over 40 years, eight (66%) had vision of counting fingers or worse and were eligible for blind registration in the UK. Of the 29 @entity1 , 18 (62%) had @entity1714 greater than 5 D in at least one eye. Most had discernible macular changes on biomicroscopy, which varied from subtle RPE change to gross macular @entity194 . All @entity1 who underwent computerised perimetry exhibited a central or paracentral @entity1019 with normal peripheral field of vision. Of the 21 @entity1 who underwent electrodiagnostic testing, all exhibited decreased cone function, but rod function was normal in 12 (57%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We believe this report highlights the importance of phenotype-genotype correlation in cone and @entity6391 . Increased understanding of the varying phenotypes associated with different genetic mutations allows appropriate counselling of @entity1 . In addition, the phenotypic characterisation of the natural history of these conditions may prove valuable in the future should therapeutic interventions become available.

title: Phenotype of @entity6121 due to the @entity37579 mutation of the XXXX gene encoding @entity37188 .

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['cone-rod dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity6121 :: ('MESH:C566719', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity37188 :: ('3000', 'Gene') :: ['retinal guanylate cyclase-1', 'GUCY2D', 'RETGC-1', 'guanylate cyclase 2D']

answer: @entity37188 :: (3000,Gene) :: ['GUCY2D']


abstract: The value of ultrasonography compared with established diagnostic procedures was investigated by reviewing medical records of 92 @entity1 (88 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , age 11-81 years, mean age 47) with @entity1669 . Clinical manifestations of the disease and serum antimicrosomal antibodies and TSH were determined in all @entity1 . The thyroid was examined by ultrasound. Both lobes were aspirated by a fine needle under sonographic control and smears examined cytologically. A total of 27 (29.3%) @entity1 had no clinical symptoms. Antimicrosomal antibodies were undetable in 12 (13%) @entity1 , 16 (17.4%) had low titres 1:32-) 1:100, and 64 (69.6%) greater than or equal to 1:320. TSH (reference values 0.3-3.9 mU/1) was les than 0.3 in 4 (4.3%) 0.3-3.9 in 4) (44.6%) , 4-20 in 26 (28.3%), and greater than 20 in 21 (22.8%) @entity1 . Ultrasound revealed a scattered sonolucent echo in 87 (94.6%) @entity1 , and in 45 (48.9%) a normal thyroid volume ( @entity1 less than 18, @entity1 less than 25 ml). Cytology alone was diagnostic in 84 (91.3%) @entity1 , In conclusion, ultrasound can suggest @entity1669 . If antimicrosomal antibodies are undetectable or titres are not significant and/or clinical symptoms are uncertain, fine-needle aspiration can confirm the sonographic finding. Epidemiological studies including ultrasonography are necessary to obtain reliable data on the prevalence of @entity1669 .

title: Ultrasonography related to clinical and laboratory findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether @entity165 lowering with @entity2453 ( @entity2453 ) reductase inhibitors (statin drugs) reduces the risks of @entity64 and total mortality. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a computerized literature search from 1985 through 1995 to identify all published trials testing statin drugs. The @entity165 and Recurrent Events (CARE) data were added after the report was published in October 1996. Our search was limited to English-language articles and included published overviews containing relevant individual trials. TRIAL SELECTION: Criteria for inclusion of randomized trials in the overview were (1) statin drugs alone used to reduce lipid levels rather than multifactorial interventions including another type of @entity165 -lowering drug and (2) inclusion of data on @entity204 and/or @entity64 . DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted by 2 researchers, and only minor discrepancies, which were easily resolved by discussion, occurred. Principal investigators of the trials and their funding agencies were also contacted to secure any relevant data not included in the published reports. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 16 individual trials including approximately 29 000 subjects treated and followed up an average of 3.3 years were included in the overview. The average reductions in total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 achieved were large-22% and 30%, respectively. A total of 454 @entity64 (fatal plus nonfatal) and 1175 @entity204 occurred. Those assigned to statin drugs experienced significant reductions in risks of @entity64 of 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14%-41%) as well as total mortality of 22% (95% CI, 12%-31%), which was attributable to a significant @entity65 ( @entity65 ) @entity204 of 28% (95% CI, 16%-37%). There was no evidence of any increased risk in non- @entity65 mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.75-1.14). There was also no significant increase in risk of @entity5 (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.90-1.17). CONCLUSION: This overview of all published randomized trials of statin drugs demonstrates large reductions in @entity165 and clear evidence of benefit on @entity64 and total mortality. There was, as expected, a large and significant decrease in @entity65 mortality, but there was no significant evidence for any increases in either @entity65 or @entity5 incidence.

title: XXXX lowering with statin drugs, risk of @entity64 , and total mortality. An overview of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A', 'HMG-CoA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in cardiovascular disease', 'non-CVD deaths', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: 1 The effects on @entity1 autonomic neuromuscular transmission of a purified toxin from the crude venom of the Australian @entity7928 snake, Notechis scutatus, have been investigated. 2 The toxin had no measurable effect on transmission in either the @entity35 anococcygeus, the @entity35 vas deferens, or the longitudinal muscle of the @entity840 ileum. 3 The toxin induced a contraction of longitudinal smooth muscle of the ileum. The tissue relaxed in spite of the continued presence of the toxin, and remained insensitive to further doses. The contractile response was not mediated by either cholinergic or histaminergic mechanisms. 4 The toxin caused an inhibition of the response to field stimulation of the @entity840 vas deferens and the @entity840 seminal vesicle. The inhibition was spontaneously reversible, and the preparations remained insensitive to further doses fo the toxin. The effects of the toxin were not mediated by either @entity2918 or by @entity1063 . 5 The inhibitory effects of a variety of compounds known to act at presynaptic sites were also blocked by exposure to the toxin; inhibition caused by postsynaptic activity was unaffected by the toxin. 6 It is suggested that the toxin inhibits transmission in the @entity840 vas deferens and seminal vesicle by a presynaptic mechanism. 7 The possibility that the mechanism involves phospholipase A2 activity is discussed.

title: The effects of a toxin isolated from Australian XXXX snake (Notechis scutatus scutatus) venom on autonomic neuromuscular transmission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity7928 :: (9694,Species) :: ['tiger']


abstract: Pulmonary surfactant stabilizes the lung by reducing the surface tension in the terminal air spaces. Lipid extract surfactant contains approx. 1% (w/w) low-molecular-weight hydrophobic proteins @entity38359 (15 kDa: nonreduced) and @entity17408 (3.5 kDa) and with the remainder being mainly phospholipids. The hydrophobic proteins were purified from @entity291 lipid extract surfactant using delipidation by phospholipase C digestion followed by @entity692 chromatography. The phospholipase C step removed most of @entity2434 resulting in a 10-fold enrichment of hydrophobic proteins relative to phospholipid. Chromatography of this preparation on a @entity692 column resulted in the elution of phospholipids followed by @entity17408 and then @entity38359 . The column chromatography was repeated to remove residual phospholipids and yield purified @entity38359 and @entity17408 . The final recovery of @entity38359 from the lipid extracts was about 15-20% and that of @entity17408 was 5-10%. The @entity291 surfactant proteins were reconstituted with phospholipids and examined for their ability to lower the surface tension with a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Reconstituted surfactant preparations containing @entity38359 and @entity4747 plus @entity34630 were capable of reducing the surface tension to near zero values at minimum bubble radius while the reconstitutes with @entity17408 only lowered the surface tension to approx. 20 mN/m. A more rapid decrease in surface tension was observed with reconstituted samples containing both hydrophobic proteins. These results indicate that both @entity38359 and @entity17408 can promote the adsorption and spreading of surfactant lipids at the air/liquid interface. In addition, @entity38359 appears to facilitate the squeeze-out of unsaturated phospholipids leading to an enrichment of @entity4747 in the monolayer.

title: Low-molecular-weight hydrophobic proteins from XXXX pulmonary surfactant.

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity34630 :: ('CHEBI:60426', 'Chemical') :: ['dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Cortical sensorimotor (SM) maps are a useful readout for providing a global view of the underlying status of evoked brain function, as well as a gross overview of ongoing mechanisms of plasticity. Recent evidence in the @entity35 controlled cortical impact (CCI) @entity130 that the ipsilesional (injured) hemisphere is temporarily permissive for axon sprouting. This would predict that size and spatial alterations in cortical maps may occur much earlier than previously tested and that they might be useful as potential markers of the postinjury plasticity period as well as indicators of outcome. We investigated the evolution of changes in brain activation evoked by affected hindlimb electrical stimulation at 4, 7, and 30 days following CCI or sham injury over the hindlimb cortical region of adult @entity35 . [(14)C]-iodoantipyrine autoradiography was used to quantitatively examine the local cerebral blood flow changes in response to hindlimb stimulation as a marker for neuronal activity. The results show that although ipsilesional hindlimb SM activity was persistently depressed from 4 days, additional novel regions of ipsilesional activity appeared concurrently within SM barrel and S2 regions as well as posterior auditory cortex. Simultaneously with this was the appearance of evoked activity within the intact, contralesional cortex that was maximal at 4 and 7 days, compared to stimulated sham-injured @entity35 , where activation was solely unilateral. By 30 days, however, contralesional activation had greatly subsided and existing ipsilesional activity was enhanced within the same novel cortical regions that were identified acutely. These data indicate that significant reorganization of the cortical SM maps occurs after injury that evolves with a particular postinjury time course. We discuss these data in terms of the known mechanisms of plasticity that are likely to underlie these map changes, with particular reference to the differences and similarities that exist between rodent models of @entity64 and @entity131 .

title: Cortical reorganization after experimental XXXX : a functional autoradiography study.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury model shows']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Respiration and glycolysis of @entity1707 platelets suspended in a dialyzed plasma were studied at various @entity3884 ion concentrations. Respiration of platelets was high at acidic pH and decreased at physiological pH. This pH profile may not be attributed to properties of mitochondria, since the respiratory rate of mitochondria prepared from platelets was maximal at physiological pH. A low respiratory rate at physiological pH seemed to be attributable to @entity308 of respiration by glycolysis, since the addition of @entity413 further depressed the rate. The Crabtree effect was more prominent at alkaline ph. glycolysis increased with an increase in the pH of the plasma, contrary to @entity26 comsumption. The Pasteur effect was less prominent at alkaline pH. The effect of pH on @entity880 production by the cytosol fraction of platelets was similar to that of whole platelets. The glycolytic intermediate pattern showed that phosphofructolinase was the committed step. Both @entity855 concentration and @entity855 formation calculated from respiratory and glycolytic rates were constant at various pH values. These observations may indicate that the pH primarily affects platelet glycolysis at the phosphofructokinase step and the respiration is secondarily controlled by glycolysis.

title: Effect of XXXX ion concentration on energy metabolism in @entity1707 platelets.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3884 :: (MESH:D006859,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity5 cells can proliferate rapidly, and giving radiotherapy in many small fractions may reduce long-term normal-tissue morbidity. In response to these observations, we developed the @entity400 ( @entity400 ) regimen, which uses thirty-six small fractions of 1.5 Gy given three times per day, to give 54 Gy in only 12 consecutive days. We report the long-term follow-up of a trial of @entity400 versus conventional radiotherapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: 563 @entity1 were entered by thirteen centres between April, 1990, and March, 1995. We included @entity1 with @entity1149 localised to the chest with a performance status of 0 or 1 in whom radical radiotherapy was chosen as the definitive management. @entity1 were randomly allocated in a 3:2 ratio to @entity400 or conventional radiotherapy. The latter was thirty fractions of 2 Gy to a total dose of 60 Gy in 6 weeks. RESULTS: The groups were well matched for possible prognostic factors. Overall there was a 24% reduction in the relative risk of @entity204 , which is equivalent to an absolute improvement in 2-year survival of 9% from 20% to 29% (p = 0.004, 95% CI 0.63-0.92). Subgroup analyses (predefined) suggest that the largest benefit occurred in @entity1 with @entity957 (82% of the cases), in whom there was a 34% reduction in the relative risk of @entity204 (an absolute improvement at 2 years of 14% from 19% to 33%). During the first 3 months, severe @entity1282 occurred more often in the @entity400 group than in the group on conventional radiotherapy (19 vs 3%). Otherwise, there were no important differences in short-term or long-term morbidity. INTERPRETATION: @entity400 compared with conventional radiotherapy gave a significant improvement in survival of @entity1 with @entity1149 . Further improvement may be achieved with dose escalation in conformal radiotherapy, by the addition of cytotoxic chemotherapy, and by @entity519 cell radiosensitisation.

title: Continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy ( @entity400 ) versus conventional radiotherapy in @entity1149 : a randomised multicentre trial. XXXX Steering Committee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy', 'CHART']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['CHART']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new treatment approach including induction @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in unresectable, @entity788 ( @entity788 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity788 were enrolled in the study. They first received induction @entity7730 consisting of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) (500 mg/m2) and @entity136 (1000 mg/m2), which were given weekly for 3 weeks of every 4. @entity1 showing a response or disease stabilization after 2 cycles of induction @entity7730 received CRT consisting of external beam radiotherapy (50.4-54 Gy in fractions of 1.8 Gy/day) and @entity136 (350 mg/m2, weekly for 6 weeks). @entity1 without disease progression received 2 additional cycles of @entity7730 consisting of 5FU plus @entity136 with the same doses and schedule as given in the induction @entity7730 . RESULTS: After the end of the study, 2 (8%) and 5 (21%) @entity1 showed complete and partial responses, respectively. Five @entity1 (21%) had disease stabilization. The grade 3 and 4 @entity137 associated with @entity7730 were @entity1398 (21%) and @entity882 (4%). The grade 3 and 4 @entity137 occurring in @entity1 who received CRT were @entity1398 (24%), @entity882 (24%), @entity294 (18%), and @entity390 (12%). The median progression-free survival for all @entity1 was 6 months (95% CI, 3.6-8.4), and the median overall survival was 11 months (95% CI, 8.16-13.84). CONCLUSIONS: The CRT approach of this study is moderately active and has an acceptable @entity137 profile. However, the incorporation of combination @entity7730 into CRT at the present schedule could not produce any additional benefit over CRT alone. Newer agents with more systemic activity are clearly warranted.

title: Phase II study of induction @entity7730 with XXXX plus @entity1487 followed by @entity136 -based concurrent chemoradiotherapy for unresectable @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['locally advanced pancreatic cancer', 'LAPC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: The extrauterine development of marsupial pouch young ( @entity38989 @entity38989 ) has facilitated the study of the effects of @entity19 @entity6354 (mEGF) on pattern formation in skin. Hair follicle initiation and development, which in the @entity19 would occur from about Days 13-14 of gestation onward, occurs postnatally. In the present study the effect in vivo of mEGF on developing skin corresponding to @entity19 gestational ages from Day 13 onward was examined. Subcutaneous injections of mEGF (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 microg g[-1] body weight) or equivalent volumes of saline (0.9% w/w) were administered daily, before and during hair follicle initiation and development. @entity19 @entity6354 inhibited the formation of hair follicles, hair follicle sweat glands, sebaceous glands and @entity1829 . The pattern of follicle initiation was perturbed. The characteristic trio follicle grouping was absent, and follicle rudiment densities (no. per mm2 skin surface) were significantly lower in animals treated with mEGF, whereas follicle diameters were increased. These data may reflect a role for the @entity12841 in epidermal pattern formation. The @entity6354 receptor and its potential ligands (such as @entity6354 , transforming growth factor ( @entity13898 ) or other yet-to-be-discovered ligands) perhaps act as parts of a pattern-forming system in vertebrate skin.

title: In vivo effects of XXXX on epidermal pattern formation and hair follicle initiation in the marsupial bandicoot @entity38989 .

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity38989 :: ('37698', 'Species') :: ['Isoodon macrourus', 'northern brown bandicoot']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['dermal papillae']

answer: @entity6354 :: (13645(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor']


abstract: The present study is concerned with the ability of muscarinic actions of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) to modulate @entity2227 and @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )-mediated synaptic transmission in the in vitro @entity35 auditory cortex. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained from layer II-III pyramidal neurons, and the fast-EPSP ( @entity140 / @entity4176 ), fast-IPSP ( @entity1246 (A)), and slow-IPSP ( @entity1246 (B)), were elicited following a stimulus to deep gray/white matter. @entity2710 (MCh), a muscarinic receptor agonist, applied by either superfusion or iontophoresis, produced an @entity3897 -sensitive increase or decrease in the amplitude of the fast-EPSP. The effect of MCh could be predicted by the response of the fast-EPSP to paired-pulse stimulation (i.e. a conditioning pulse followed 300 ms later by a test pulse). The fast-EPSP was decreased in amplitude by MCh in cases where the test-EPSP was suppressed in the pre-MCh condition, and increased in amplitude when the test-EPSP was facilitated. The fast- and slow-IPSPs were always reduced by MCh. In several experiments, the strength of synaptic inhibition was systematically modified by varying stimulus intensity. When the fast-EPSP was elicited in the absence of IPSPs, it was decreased in amplitude by MCh. However, when the fast-EPSP was elicited in conjunction with large IPSPs it was increased in amplitude during MCh. Because the magnitude of the fast-EPSP is influenced by the degree of temporal overlap with IPSPs, it was hypothesized that enhancement of the fast-EPSP was the result of disinhibition produced as a consequence of muscarinic reduction of GABAergic IPSPs. This view was supported by the finding that MCh could reduce the amplitude of pharmacologically isolated GABAergic IPSPs (i.e. elicited in the absence of glutamatergic transmission). Our results suggest that ACh at muscarinic receptors can modify fast glutamatergic neurotransmission differently as a function of strength of inhibition, to suppress that produced by 'weak' inputs and enhance that produced by 'strong' inputs.

title: Muscarinic reduction of GABAergic synaptic potentials results in disinhibition of the XXXX / @entity4176 -mediated EPSP in auditory cortex.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetyl-beta-methylcholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: Cardiac rehabilitation programs have the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality and increase quality of life after acute coronary events and coronary bypass surgery (CABG). Unfortunately, the proportion of eligible @entity1 that participate in @entity299 remains low, despite coverage of such programs by the Israeli National Health Insurance. A low participation rate is especially prominent in @entity1 , elderly, minorities and low socioeconomic classes. In this edition of Harefuah, Gendler et at conducted an interventional study aimed at increasing the participation of @entity1 in @entity299 programs after CABG in 5 cardiothoracic wards across Israel. They interviewed 489 @entity1 in the intervention arm and 472 @entity1 in the control arm before surgery and a year later. The intervention included dissemination of information on @entity299 to the medical staff and @entity1 . Following the intervention, @entity299 increased almost twofold in veteran-Israeli males and females. Although it increased significantly in USSR-born male immigrants, their absolute rate of participation remained low (13.6%). No USSR-born female participated in rehabilitation, either before or after the intervention. The good news is that a simple, inexpensive intervention can increase participation in @entity299 after CABG surgery. The @entity1835 news is that this potentially lifesaving activity remains unattended by most USSR-born immigrants, and particularly by females. Additional research is required to explore the cultural, social and economic barriers of this phenomenon.

title: [Participation in @entity299 after coronary bypass surgery: good news, XXXX news].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rehabilitation']

answer: @entity1835 :: (572,Gene) :: ['bad']


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the use of @entity1787 to treat @entity7808 ( @entity7808 ). Consecutive sixty-nine @entity1 with @entity7808 were recruited into this non-randomized double blind, controlled cohort observational study (test group). A control group of 69 @entity7808 @entity1 who matched test group with age and gender was recruited. @entity7808 lesions in test group were exposed to @entity1787 in air for 60   seconds while controls received only air. @entity1066 size and @entity158 were recorded for each @entity1 at baseline and daily for 15 days. @entity1066 duration was determined by recording the time taken for @entity1066 to disappear. The main outcome measures were @entity158 due to the @entity1066 , @entity1066 size and @entity1066 duration. 138 @entity7808 @entity1 (69 @entity1 and 69 controls) were analyzed. @entity1066 size was reduced starting from the second day in test group and from the fourth day in controls (p    <=   0.004). Pain levels were reduced starting from the first day in the test group and from the third day in controls (p    <=   0.001). @entity1066 duration, @entity1066 size after day 2 and @entity158 levels were more reduced in the test group. In conclusion, application of @entity1787 on @entity7808 lesions for 60 seconds @entity158 levels and enhanced @entity1066 ' healing by reducing @entity1066 ' size and duration.

title: @entity1787 treatment of XXXX : a double blinded study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity7808 :: ('MESH:C538145', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent aphthous stomatitis', 'RAS']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'Ulcer', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reduced pain']

answer: @entity7808 :: (MESH:C538145,Disease) :: ['recurrent aphthous stomatitis']


abstract: An anticoagulant protein has been isolated by DEAE cellulose chromatography and gel filtration from the venom of the Vipera berus orientale (Eastern Europe). Purification has been completed by elution on @entity5070 cellulose with continuous gradient at constant pH. The inhibitor of coagulation was separated from the other venom enzymes, e.g. procoagulant, fibrinogenolytic, aminoesterase and @entity535 oxidase activities. It was also separated from other phospholipase components which were not related to the anticoagulant property. The inhibitor appeared as a simgle polypeptidic chain protein, formed by 119 @entity535 residues, with a molecular weight of 13400 and an isoelectric point of 9.2. At low saline molarity, a monomer-trimer transition of this protein was observed. Both forms had the same @entity535 composition. There were six @entity1520 bridges without free SH groups per phospholipase molecule. Deprived of any proteolytic activity, the clotting inhibitor displayed a high phospholipase activity in the presence of @entity460 . Activity did no appear with @entity1098 buffer deprived of cation. Finely dispersed micellar suspensions were found suitable for obtaining the highest phospholipase activity. High @entity658 concentration or @entity1042 / @entity3636 /ether solvent were effective without loss of enzymatic activity. As characteristis of @entity3900 (EC 3.1.1.4), the degradation products identified on thin-layer chromatography induced @entity2142 of @entity1 erythrocytes. The apparent Km value 1.25 - 10(-3) M was determined on @entity2434 isolated from ovolecithin. This purified berus inhibitor would be of value for investigating the involvement of phospholipids in the clotting mechanism.

title: A XXXX with anticoagulant activity. I. Isolation from Vipera berus venom and properties.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity658 :: ('MESH:D020358', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cholate']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity3900 :: (151056,Gene) :: ['phospholipase A2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to delineate the natural history of @entity613 and determine risk factors for @entity204 . METHODS: We reviewed the key outcomes ( @entity204 , revascularization, amputation) in 2777 male @entity1 with @entity613 identified over 15 years at a Veterans Administration hospital with both clinical and noninvasive criteria. @entity1 with @entity158 or @entity1066 were excluded. Data were analyzed with life-table and Cox hazard models. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 47 months. The cohort exhibited a mortality rate of 12% per year, which was significantly (P <.05) more than the age-adjusted US male population. Among the deaths in which the cause was known, 66% were due to @entity299 . We examined several baseline risk factors in a multivariate Cox model. Four were significant (P <.01) independent predictors of @entity204 : older age (relative risk [RR] = 1.3 per decade), lower ankle-brachial index (RR = 1.2 for 0.2 change), @entity6 requiring medication (RR = 1.4), and @entity64 (RR = 1.4). The model can be used to estimate the mortality rate for specific @entity1 . Surprisingly, a history of angina and @entity583 was not a significant predictor. Major and minor amputations had a 10-year cumulative rate less than 10%. Revascularization procedures occurred with a 10-year cumulative rate of 18%. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high mortality rate in this large cohort and four independent risk factors that have a large impact on survival. Risk stratification with our model may be useful in determining an overall therapeutic plan for claudicants. A history of angina and @entity583 was not a useful predictor of @entity204 , suggesting that many @entity1 in our cohort presented with @entity613 before having coronary artery symptoms. Our data also indicate that claudicants have a low risk of major amputation at 10-year follow-up.

title: Outcome events in @entity1 with @entity613 : a 15-year study in 2777 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Ovarian @entity189 poses a dilemma for the surgeon. When resecting colon for @entity5 invasion, one must decide between diversion and primary @entity254 (PA). We examined the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to determine whether PA associated with more complications than ostomy. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset was queried for @entity1 with @entity43 between 2007 and 2012. Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to further identify @entity1 undergoing colectomy with PA or ostomy. Logistic regression was used to evaluate 30-day morbidity and mortality. The 1013 @entity43 @entity1 who underwent elective colon surgery were divided into primary repair (n = 453, 43.5%) or ostomy (n = 586, 56.5%) groups. Preoperative demographics were similar; however, ostomy @entity1 had more severe preoperative @entity2480 . The 30-day mortality and postoperative transfusion requirements were higher in the ostomy group. On multivariate analysis controlling for confounders, the differences were no longer significant. In conclusion, 30-day mortality and postoperative complications were increased in the ostomy group. Given the @entity2480 in this group, this may reflect tendency to allocate ostomies to more ill @entity1 . Primary repair in a selected population does not worsen outcomes. Prospective evaluation would help determine the impact of PA in the @entity43 population.

title: Primary @entity254 versus Ostomy after Colon Resection during XXXX : A NSQIP Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory derangements']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Debulking of Ovarian Carcinomatosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report two cases of @entity1 with @entity263 who underwent haematological complications from the disease. CLINICAL CASES: @entity1003 (with @entity882 ) was observed in two @entity1 (55 and 59 years-old) diagnosed with @entity263 . In one @entity1 who had normal prostate at clinical examination, @entity882 with incomplete @entity1003 and biological inflammatory led to diagnosis. It was initially controlled by hormonal therapy and secondary by chemotherapy. In the other @entity1 @entity1003 followed introduction of hormonal therapy and lead to the @entity1 's @entity204 . DISCUSSION: @entity1 with metastatic hormone-refractory @entity263 may have life-threatening coagulation complications due to their disease. @entity1003 is the most frequent coagulation complication. Other @entity1003 associated with @entity263 are @entity2106 , @entity715 , @entity19634 and acquired factor VIII inhibitor development. Usually these haematological manifestations complicate the course of the disease and appear to have a bad prognosis. But @entity882 or haematologic features may lead to the diagnosis of medullary metastatic @entity263 , even if the prostate appears normal at the initial clinical examination.

title: [Haematological complications of XXXX : 2 cases, one revealing the neoplasia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse intravascular coagulopathy', 'diffuse intravascular coagulopathy', 'coagulopathies']

entities_list: @entity19634 :: ('MESH:D054868', 'Disease') :: ["Trousseau's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Side effects as a result of @entity0 treatment may have a lasting detrimental impact on quality of life. Exercise has been shown to be an effective intervention in post-treatment care. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of @entity0 treatment-related side effects through identifying potential @entity1 characteristic associations, including current levels of exercise. METHODS: Four hundred and thirty-two @entity0 @entity1 completed an online survey covering their treatment and demographic background, current exercise levels, and self-reported treatment side effects. Side effects were considered in a binary logistic regression against age, surgery, currently undergoing treatment, and exercise levels to ascertain significant relationships (p  <  0.05) and associative values (Odds Ratio). RESULTS: Lumpectomy @entity1 were less likely to report aching muscles (OR 0.61, 95  % CI 0.39-0.96), hot flushes (OR 0.60, 95  % CI 0.38-0.96), and @entity1017 (OR 0.59, 95  % CI 0.38-0.92) than mastectomy @entity1 . @entity1 currently undergoing treatment were more likely to report hot flushes (OR 3.77, 95  % CI 2.34-6.08), aching muscles (OR 1.62, 95  % CI 1.02-2.57), and @entity1017 (OR 1.89, 95  % CI 1.19-2.99) than @entity1 finished treatment. Sedentary @entity1 were more likely to experience shoulder limitations (OR 1.77, 95  % CI 1.14-2.77), muscular @entity662 (OR 1.69, 95  % CI 1.07-2.65), @entity1017 (OR 2.29, 95  % CI 1.44-3.64), @entity4269 (OR 1.68, 95  % CI 1.04-2.71), and breathlessness (OR 2.30 95  % CI 1.35-3.92) than their physically active counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 characteristics may inform interventions to improve care post- @entity0 treatment. Sufficient levels of exercise were consistently associated fewer side effects and should be encouraged.

title: Self-reported side effects of XXXX treatment: a cross-sectional study of incidence, associations, and the influence of exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall pain']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The amelioration of @entity1295 in radiotherapy @entity1 is limited by an equivocal aetiology and uncertainty regarding who is likely to experience significant @entity1295 . The research objective was to characterise @entity1295 in @entity1 undergoing radiotherapy for @entity0 , in order to evaluate associations with elevations in @entity148 , @entity308 and a marker of systemic @entity32 . METHODS: @entity1 comprised 100 @entity1 , diagnosed with stages 0-IIA @entity0 and prescribed with 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks. Fatigue was assessed at baseline between 10 and 22 days before radiotherapy, after 10 and 15 fractions of radiotherapy and 4 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy, using the Functional Assessment of @entity102 Therapy Fatigue Subscale. Psychological status was self-reported using the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale. Sera concentrations of interleukin-6-soluble receptor were established via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The contributions of pretreatment factors to @entity1295 were analysed using multivariable regression. RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent of @entity1 experienced significant @entity1295 during radiotherapy, with the remainder little are affected. After controlling for baseline @entity1295 , @entity148 before treatment was the strongest unique predictor of subsequent @entity1295 . During radiotherapy, interleukin-6-soluble receptor was significantly elevated in the fatigued group compared to the non-fatigued group (p   =   0.01). This association was not mediated by @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: The data are consistent with the concept that psychological distress prior to radiotherapy relates to a distinct immunological and behavioural response during radiotherapy. @entity1 reporting elevated @entity148 should benefit from interventions that appropriately address the underlying psychological distress and have the potential to ameliorate disabling treatment-related @entity1295 .

title: Psychological and immunological characteristics of fatigued @entity1 undergoing radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Illness']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize the morphological features of @entity2681 and calcified nodule in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). BACKGROUND: Plaque erosion and calcified nodule have not been systematically investigated in vivo. METHODS: A total of 126 @entity1 with @entity1187 who had undergone pre-intervention OCT imaging were included. The culprit lesions were classified as @entity397 ( @entity397 ), erosion ( @entity1781 ), calcified nodule (OCT-CN), or with a new set of diagnostic criteria for OCT. RESULTS: The incidences of @entity397 , @entity1781 , and OCT-CN were 43.7%, 31.0%, and 7.9%, respectively. @entity1 with @entity1781 were the youngest, compared with those with @entity397 and OCT-CN (53.8    13.1 years vs. 60.6    11.5 years, 65.1    5.0 years, p = 0.005). Compared with @entity1 with @entity397 , presentation with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 was more common in @entity1 with @entity1781 (61.5% vs. 29.1%, p = 0.008) and OCT-CN (100% vs. 29.1%, p < 0.001). The @entity1781 had a lower frequency of lipid plaque (43.6% vs. 100%, p < 0.001), thicker fibrous cap (169.3    99.1  m vs. 60.4    16.6  m, p < 0.001), and smaller lipid arc (202.8    73.6   vs. 275.8    60.4  , p < 0.001) than @entity397 . The diameter stenosis was least severe in @entity1781 , followed by OCT-CN and @entity397 (55.4    14.7% vs. 66.1    13.5% vs. 68.8    12.9%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography is a promising modality for identifying @entity1781 and OCT-CN in vivo. The @entity1781 is a frequent finding in @entity1 with @entity1187 , especially in those with non-ST-segment elevation @entity1187 and younger @entity1 . The OCT-CN is the least common etiology for @entity1187 and is more common in older @entity1 . (The Massachusetts General Hospital Optical Coherence Tomography Registry; NCT01110538).

title: In vivo diagnosis of @entity2681 and calcified nodule in @entity1 with XXXX by intravascular optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['plaque erosion']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture', 'PR']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['OCT-erosion']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: In order to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality associated with @entity565 , current guidelines recommend the use of anti-inflammatory therapy in a step-wise approach. To obtain information on how physicians are treating @entity565 , we evaluated prospectively 243 newly seen asthmatics in the outpatient clinics in four hospitals in Riyadh. The @entity1 were assessed by five pulmonologists who confirmed the diagnosis, established the severity, recorded the medications @entity1 were taking, and the specialty of the prescribing physician. The inhaler technique was checked and changes made in the treatment were also recorded. The medications prescribed were ss agonists (inhaled 69%, oral 25%0, @entity230 (inhaled 33%, systemic 8%), cough mixtures (30%), antibiotics (26%), @entity2544 (21%), and miscellaneous 16%. Over half of the @entity1 (55%) were taking ss agonists regularly. The most frequent changes made were as follows: adding @entity230 (inhaled 56%, systemic 27%, or increasing the inhaled dose 16%), starting inhaled ss agonists (28%) and discontinuining @entity2544 (9%). The GPs were the group least inclined to prescribe inhaled @entity230 (P < 0.0001). The inhaler technique was poor in 53% of the @entity1 . We conclude that in treating @entity565 , physicians are still relying more on bronchodilator and symptomatic therapy rather than anti-inflammatory therapy. There is also evidence to suggest overuse of antibiotics. Wide dissemination of the guidelines may alter the prescribing habits, and as many asthamtics are managed by GPs, this group in particular should be targeted.

title: Prescribing for XXXX in the outpatient clinics in Riyadh: Does it follow the guidelines?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Central post- @entity64 pain (CPSP) is one of the most under-recognized consequences of @entity64 , but the development of an effective treatment strategy is urgent. @entity8919 ( @entity8919 ) and the @entity16170 ( @entity16170 , one of the receptors of @entity8919 ) have recently been shown to be critical in the modulation of nociceptive transduction following peripheral @entity16 . The aim of this study was to determine the interactions between CPSP and @entity8919 / @entity16170 signaling. Male ddY @entity19 were subjected to 30min of @entity432 ( @entity432 ). The development of hind paw mechanical @entity1931 was measured after @entity432 using the von Frey test. @entity528 was estimated by histological analysis on day 3 after @entity432 . The expression levels of the @entity8919 protein in the spinal cord and the sciatic nerve were significantly increased on day 3 after @entity432 , although no effects of @entity432 were noted on @entity16170 protein expression. @entity432 -induced mechanical @entity1931 was significantly decreased by the intravenous and intrathecal administration of anti- @entity8919 monoclonal antibody. The @entity432 -induced increase of phosphorylation of @entity13436 ( @entity13436 ) was canceled by the administration of anti- @entity8919 monoclonal antibody. In addition, @entity432 -induced mechanical @entity1931 was significantly decreased by intrathecal administration of @entity5732 , an inhibitor of @entity13436 . The results showed that @entity432 -induced mechanical @entity1931 can be regulated by the activation of @entity8919 / @entity16170 signaling.

title: Possible involvement of the @entity8919 / XXXX signaling mechanism in the induction of central post- @entity64 pain induced by acute global cerebral ischemia.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity16170 :: ('11596(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['receptor for advanced glycation end products', 'RAGE']

entities_list: @entity13436 :: ('26413(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ERK', 'extracellular signal-regulated kinase']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral carotid artery occlusion', 'BCAO']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal damage']

answer: @entity16170 :: (11596(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['RAGE']


abstract: Traditional operative treatments for pediatric femoral shaft @entity174 may result in an unacceptable complication rate, especially in @entity1 with complex @entity174 . Despite requiring the use of fluoroscopy and presenting some technical difficulty, minimally invasive percutaneous plating is an alternative operative method. We retrospectively reviewed 13 consecutive @entity3330 in @entity1 (mean age, 9 years) who were treated by a modified technique of percutaneous plating. Six of the @entity174 were @entity9256 . Nine @entity1 had associated injuries, including four with @entity542 . The primary indication for use of percutaneous plating in this pediatric series was a complex @entity174 in which flexible nailing would be suboptimal. The results were evaluated by a modification of Flynn's criteria. All @entity174 united without bone grafts (mean, 11 weeks). No @entity1 had residual radiographic angulations greater than 10 degrees or a leg-length discrepancy greater than 5 mm. All @entity1 had excellent final outcomes. There were no major complications such as @entity281 or refracture. The technique provided adequate stability for early functional treatment and predictable healing with maintenance of leg length and alignment. Provisional reduction and stabilization of complex @entity3330 can facilitate definitive percutaneous plating.

title: Nail-assisted percutaneous plating of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric femoral fractures', 'femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['pediatric femoral fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Primary @entity1834 , which affects 90  % of adolescent @entity1 and more than 50  % of menstruating @entity1 worldwide, is characterized by recurrent @entity158 during menses in the absence of a detectable @entity347 . The aim of this study is to assess the association between @entity6785 -173 and @entity310 -308 genetic polymorphisms and the clinical features of @entity1834 . The study population comprised 154 unrelated female @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity1834 , and a total of 144 control subjects were recruited consecutively. The @entity6785 @entity13842 promoter polymorphism ( @entity40609 ) and @entity310 gene @entity15646 ( @entity40610 ) polymorphism were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Two fragments (268 and 97  bp) were seen when the G allele was present at position -173, and three fragments (206, 97, and 62  bp) were observed when the C allele was present. Two fragments (87 and 20  bp) were seen when G allele was present at position -308. There were statistically significant associations between age at menarche and history of @entity615 among @entity1834 @entity1 and @entity6785 gene @entity13842 polymorphism (p  =  0.003 and p  =  0.042, respectively). The genotype and allele frequencies of @entity15646 polymorphism showed statistically significant differences between @entity1834 @entity1 and controls (p  =  0.023 and p  =  0.009, respectively). A high association was also observed when the @entity1 were compared with the controls according to the GG genotype versus GA+AA genotypes (p  =  0.009). The present study showed that the @entity310 -308 GG genotype may be a useful tool to predict the susceptibility of @entity1834 .

title: Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in @entity310 and @entity6785 Gene with the Risk of Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea', 'primary dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disease']

answer: @entity1834 :: (MESH:D004412,Disease) :: ['Dysmenorrhea']


abstract: In order to investigate new methods to use to educate the general public and to foster changes in diet, a cooking course was organized by the "Las Fuentes Norte" Health Center in Zaragoza open to the entire population. 42.1% of the menus selected were prepared by @entity6 . In these, their average composition was: 488.3 +/- 114 calories containing 30.7% proteins, 38.8% lipids, and 32.5% @entity3363 . 42.1% of the menus selected were prepared by @entity1 in families having no @entity6 . In these, their average composition was: 332.8 +/- 114.4 calories containing 25% proteins, 29.9% lipids, and 50.1% @entity3363 . The remaining 15.8% of the menus selected were prepared by relatives of @entity6 . In these, their average composition was: 528.1 +/- 237.9 calories containing 40.6% proteins, 45.3% lipids, and 14.1% @entity3363 . There was no finding bearing statistical importance among these groups which prepared these dishes. Analysis of the 1998 contest discovered that calories increased in the menus prepared by @entity6 or their relatives; calories increased 101.1 and 330.7 respectively, and this bears statistical importance. In these same groups, lipids increased 11.2 and 25% respectively while @entity3363 dropped 11.2 and 29.6% respectively. In those menus prepared by @entity1 having no @entity6 in their families, lipids decreased 4.3% while @entity3363 increased 15.9%. The average number of calories in the 19 menus prepared was 1758.8 +/- 20.7. These menus contained an average of 20.8% proteins, 25.5% lipids, and 53.7% @entity3363 .

title: [Education by participating in a XXXX food contest].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: We hypothesize that remodelling of action potential and intracellular calcium (Ca(i)) dynamics in the peri- @entity1188 zone contributes to ventricular arrhythmogenesis in the @entity1188 setting. To test this hypothesis, we performed simultaneous optical mapping of Ca(i) and membrane potential (V(m)) in the left ventricle in 15 @entity95 hearts with @entity583 for 1 week. Ventricular premature beats frequently originated from the peri- @entity1188 zone, and 37% showed elevation of Ca(i) prior to V(m) depolarization, suggesting reverse excitation-contraction coupling as their aetiology. During electrically induced @entity2224 , the highest dominant frequency was in the peri- @entity1188 zone in 61 of 70 episodes. The site of highest dominant frequency had steeper action potential duration restitution and was more susceptible to pacing-induced Ca(i) alternans than sites remote from @entity1188 . Wavebreaks during @entity2224 tended to occur at sites of persistently elevated Ca(i). Infusion of propranolol flattened action potential duration restitution, reduced wavebreaks and converted @entity2224 to @entity1165 . We conclude that in the subacute phase of @entity583 , the peri- @entity1188 zone exhibits regions with steep action potential duration restitution slope and unstable Ca(i) dynamics. These changes may promote @entity1540 and increase the incidence of wavebreaks during @entity2224 . Whereas increased tissue heterogeneity after subacute @entity583 creates a highly arrhythmogenic substrate, dynamic action potential and Ca(i) cycling remodelling also contribute to the initiation and maintenance of @entity2224 in this setting.

title: Remodelling of action potential and intracellular calcium cycling dynamics during subacute XXXX promotes ventricular arrhythmias in Langendorff-perfused @entity95 hearts.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['postmyocardial infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity1221 in fish are rare, and only six cases of spontaneous @entity4838 have been reported. This is the seventh case, found in a @entity7021 , @entity7021 . The @entity5 was noted near the right olfactory orifice and finally measured 1.5 mm in diameter. Histologically the @entity5 consisted of undifferentiated neuroblasts forming a few true rosettes. Mitosis was frequently observed. Tumor cells stained diffusely for neuron-specific enolase and sporadically for neurofilament proteins by immunohistochemical procedures. Additionally a few large @entity5 cells were positively stained for S-100 protein. Electron microscopy revealed that the @entity5 cells had extended cytoplasm in which parallel neurotubules and a few neuroendocrine granules were noted. In the perinuclear region, bundles of intermediate filaments and neuroendocrine granules were seen. Single cilia and a pair of centrioles were occasionally found, but no ciliated cells were found in this @entity5 . Some large @entity5 cells contained electron-dense intracytoplasmic inclusions which showed a crystalloid structure by high-magnification electron microscopy; however, this type of crystalloid has never been reported in @entity528 .

title: Spontaneous XXXX in a domestic @entity7021 ( @entity7021 ).

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory neuroepithelioma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal tumors']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['Oryzias latipes', 'medaka']

answer: @entity4838 :: (MESH:D000857,Disease) :: ['olfactory neuroepithelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To determin whether @entity205 is effective in inducing remission in @entity1 with severe active @entity29 , refractory to @entity230 . METHODOLOGY: Twenty-three @entity1 with severe and @entity134 -refractory @entity29 (15 @entity31 and 8 @entity30 ) were included. The Mayo Clinic Score and the @entity4844 were used to evaluate activity. @entity205 (4 mg/kg/day) was administered for a maximum of ten and a minimum of 7 days. RESULTS: Ten of the 15 @entity31 @entity1 achieved remission with a mean response lag time to onset improvement of 8 days. Seven of these @entity1 remained stable with @entity2983 4 months after @entity205 treatment. Two @entity1 relapsed and underwent colectomy on the 50th and 200th day after treatment. Five @entity1 presented no response and required urgent colectomy. Six of the 8 @entity30 @entity1 achieved remission with a mean response lag time to onset improvement of 7 days. The 6 @entity1 remained stable with @entity2983 four months after @entity205 treatment. The other 2 developed reversible @entity177 and had to be released from the study. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous high dose @entity205 is effective and can be used as a rapid onset treatment for acute @entity134 refractory IBD.

title: High-dose intravenous @entity205 in @entity134 refractory attacks of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: We report a 42-year-old @entity1 who presented with intermittent episodes of @entity425 lasting approximate 7 to 10 days, about once a year, since 1985. During these episodes of @entity425 , @entity1371 and elevation of serum @entity908 kinase were noted. On admission, @entity2133 , @entity9849 sicca (positive Schirmer test), abnormal sialographic findings (apple tree-like appearance), and positive serum autoantibodies against @entity6540 and nucleus were noted. These findings were compatible with Sj  gren syndrome. She also had hyperchloremic @entity520 with normal anion gap, @entity1371 and renal @entity730 . Therefore, she had @entity8 (type 1) in addition to Sj  gren syndrome. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a symmetrical circumscribed lesion in the ventral part of the central pons. We considered this lesion to be central pontine @entity6150 (CPM), because of its typical location and characteristic MRI appearance. This CPM was clinically silent. Pathogenesis and etiology of CPM are obscure, and CPM associated with @entity1371 without @entity2753 has rarely been reported in the literature. However, this is the first report of CPM associated with Sj  gren syndrome and @entity121 complicated with @entity8 .

title: [A XXXX with Sj  gren syndrome with central pontine @entity6150 and @entity121 ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic myopathy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity6150 :: ('MESH:D017590', 'Disease') :: ['myelinolysis']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: There is accumulating evidence that substance P released from peripheral sensory neurons participates in inflammatory and @entity9 . In this study it was investigated the ability of substance P to induce orofacial nociception and thermal and @entity1931 , as well as the role of NK1 receptors on models of orofacial inflammatory and @entity9 . Substance P injected into the upper lip at 1, 10 and 100  g/50  L failed to induce @entity146 . Also, substance P (0.1-10  g/50  L) injected into the upper lip did not evoke @entity1931 and when injected at 1  g/50  L did not induce @entity1931 . However, substance P at this latter dose induced orofacial @entity1931 , which was reduced by the pre-treatment of @entity35 with a non-peptide @entity16325 antagonist ( @entity40368 , 3mg/kg). Systemic treatment with @entity40368 (3 mg/kg) also reduced carrageenan-induced @entity1931 , but did not exert any influence on carrageenan-induced @entity1931 . Blockade of NK1 receptors with @entity40368 also reduced by about 50% both phases of the @entity406 response evaluated in the orofacial region. Moreover, heat, but not cold or mechanical, @entity1931 induced by constriction of the infraorbital nerve, a model of trigeminal @entity9 , was abolished by pretreatment with @entity40368 . Considering that substance P was peripherally injected (i.e. upper lip) and the NK1 antagonist used lacks the ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier, our results demonstrate that the peripheral SP/NK1 system participates in the @entity1931 associated with @entity32 or @entity128 and in the persistent @entity158 evoked by @entity406 in the orofacial region.

title: Peripheral substance P and neurokinin-1 receptors have a role in inflammatory and neuropathic XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical hyperalgesia', 'orofacial cold hyperalgesia', 'cold hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['nociceptive behavior']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['orofacial pain']


abstract: The object of this experiment was to study the effects of different stimuli of service on estrus duration in dairy @entity1237 . Twenty Nubian @entity1237 were assigned randomly to 4 groups of 5 animals each: service (SER), @entity8376 ( @entity32973 ), accessory gland fluid insemination (AGF), and control (CON), Estrus was synchronized by using @entity11796 intravaginal pessaries (60 mg) over a 12-d period. Estrus was detected using 1 aproned vasectomized buck at 6-hour intervals during 5 d after pessary removal (at 0600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 h). In the SER group the male was permitted to service each female. In the @entity32973 group, stimulation was accomplished using a penis-like device maintained in the vagina 15 sec with light pressure on the fornix. In the AGF group, 1.0 ml of accessory gland fluid was deposited into the external cervical os. The CON group was only permitted to be mounted. All treatments were performed only once within the first 12 h of estrus. Estrus duration for the SER, @entity32973 , AGF and CON groups was (mean +/- SD) 22.8 +/- 5.0, 27.6 +/- 6.8, 37.2 +/- 2.7 and 42.0 +/- 9.5 h, respectively. The SER group was different from the AGF and CON groups (P<0.01), but not from the @entity32973 group (P>0.05). The @entity32973 group was different from the AGF (P<0.05) and CON groups (P<0.01). The AGF and CON groups did not differ from each other (P>0.05). It is concluded that service shortened estrus duration due to the mechanical effect of stimulation of the penis-like device against the vaginal fornix.

title: Effects of different stimuli of service on estrus duration in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical stimulation of vagina']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prostaglandin (PG) E2, a major @entity1426 metabolite in the kidney, acts on four receptor subtypes ( @entity10571 , @entity10572 , @entity10570 and @entity23408 ). One of major causes of @entity454 is @entity8 , in which enhanced renal @entity1421 production has been shown. In this study, to explore the pathophysiological significance of EP subtypes in the kidney, we examined the role of EP subtypes on proliferation of mesangial cells (MCs) from @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSPs), which show faster growth than those from normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKYs). DESIGN AND METHODS: Using MCs from SHRSPs and WKYs, we investigated DNA synthesis and its upstream event, the phosphorylation of @entity2509 ( @entity2509 ), together with the gene expression of EP subtypes. RESULTS: @entity6002 , an @entity10571 agonist, dose-dependently increased DNA synthesis and the phosphorylation of @entity2509 in MCs from both strains. The @entity23408 agonist, @entity42942 , inhibited @entity6002 -induced phosphorylation of @entity2509 in WKY-MCs. In contrast, @entity42942 failed to inhibit the @entity2509 activity in SHRSP-MCs. Interestingly, @entity268 production mediated by @entity23408 was markedly attenuated in SHRSP-MCs as compared with that in WKY-MCs, despite the overproduction of endogenous @entity1421 in SHRSP-MCs. Similar gene expressions of @entity10571 and @entity23408 and only faint expression of @entity10570 were detected in MCs from both strains. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the @entity1421 / @entity23408 system counteracts the @entity1421 / @entity10571 system at the level of the intracellular signaling pathway. The altered @entity23408 signaling may play a critical role in the exaggerated mesangial growth in SHRSPs.

title: Altered growth response to XXXX and its receptor signaling in mesangial cells from @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2509 :: ('24338(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity6002 :: ('MESH:C016767', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulprostone', 'sulprostone']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bladder @entity189 (bladder-UC) displays distinct genotypic differences compared to upper tract UC (UTUC). We recently reported specific 8q24 SNP variants confer susceptibility to UTUC and aggressive disease features. Herein, we evaluate a bladder-UC cohort to see whether similar polymorphisms are linked similarly same way with disease risk and @entity146 . METHODS: 231 bladder-UC @entity1 and 261 benign controls were matched for gender, age, ethnicity and smoking habits. We retrospectively retrieved information on @entity5 stage, grade, size, multiplicity, @entity5 number. DNA was extracted from @entity982 -embedded primary bladder-UC samples and blood of benign controls. Genotyping of @entity28435 [T] (8q24.1) and @entity39063 [T] (4p16.3) was performed using commercially available Taqman(  ) assays and the ABI    7000 Sequence Detector. RESULTS: Using a case-control analysis, bladder-UC risk was increased in individuals carrying the T/T genotype of @entity28435 [OR  =  1.72 (95  % CI 1.1-2.8); p  =  0.028] and @entity39063 [OR  =  1.84 (95  % CI 0.9-2.3); p  =  0.01]. When analysing parameters of bladder-UC @entity146 , the T/T genotypes for @entity28435 and @entity39063 were not found to be associated with either grade [OR  =  0.89 (95  % CI 0.52-1.32; p  =  0.68) and OR  =  0.95 (95  % CI 0.58-1.48; p  =  0.61), respectively] or pathological stage [OR  =  0.79 (95  % CI 0.42-1.48; p  =  0.46) and OR  =  0.90 (95  % CI 0.49-1.61; p  =  0.72), respectively]. SNP variability of @entity28435 [T] and @entity39063 [T] is associated with an increased risk of bladder-UC but we did not find an association with disease @entity146 as we did previously for UTUC. CONCLUSIONS: This is further evidence of the distinct genetic differences that exist between bladder-UC and UTUC, and it is not possible to extrapolate results of genetic studies between these two urothelial disease entities.

title: Genetic polymorphisms on 8q24.1 and 4p16.3 are not linked with XXXX of the bladder in contrast to their association with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ and tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: Good nutritional practices are important for exercise performance and health during all ages. Athletes and especially growing @entity1 engaged in heavy training have higher energy and nutrient requirements compared to their non-active counterparts. Scientific understanding of sports nutrition for the young athlete is lacking behind the growing number of young athletes engaged in sports. Most of the sports nutrition recommendations given to athletic @entity1 and adolescents are based on adult findings due to the deficiency in age specific information in young athletes. Therefore, this review reflects on @entity1 specific sports nutrition, particularly on @entity1735 intake and metabolism that distinguishes the @entity1 athlete from the adult athlete. @entity1 are characterised to be in an insulin resistance stage during certain periods of maturation, have different glycolytic/metabolic responses during exercise, have a tendency for higher fat oxidation during exercise and show different heat dissipation mechanisms compared to adults. These features point out that young athletes may need different nutritional advice on @entity1735 for exercise to those from adult athletes. Sport drinks for example may need to be adapted to @entity1 specific needs. However, more research in this area is warranted to clarify sports nutrition needs of the young athlete to provide better and healthy nutritional guidance to young athletes. Key pointsAthletic @entity1 show lower @entity1735 intakes compared to @entity1 .Substrate oxidation during exercise appears to be maturity related, fat being the preferred fuel for oxidation in younger athletic @entity1 . @entity1 appear to have lower endogenous but greater exogenous @entity1735 oxidation rates during exercise. @entity1735 intake during exercise appears to show no additional performance improvement in young athletes. Perhaps fat intake or a combination of both nutrients may be a better approach for nutrient supplementation during exercise.Gastric emptying physiology of young athletes is not well known. Adult sport drinks showed a tendency to delay gastric emptying in young athletes during exercise at higher intensities.More research is needed in paediatric sports nutrition.

title: XXXX intake considerations for young athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: @entity242 ( @entity5 ) were distinguished from carcinoma (crab leg @entity5 ) at the time of Hippocrates. @entity242 are related embryologically to @entity1778 and @entity706 because all are thought to be @entity5 of mesodermal embryologic origin. Neurosarcomas, however, are an exception, since they arise from tissue of neuroepidermal origin. @entity5 of the soft tissue represent an unusual primary @entity5 . These lesions are characterized by their diversity in the histologic appearance and in their biologic behavior, as well as in anatomical origin. Currently there are approximately 7,400 newly diagnosed @entity242 , and approximately 4,200 deaths per year in the United States.1 The incidence of @entity242 varies by histologic type in various age groups. @entity2875 in the orbit peaks in the 4-year-old, and in the urinary tract in adolescence.2 @entity421 has peak incidence in the teenage years, and @entity2828 develops between the ages of 15 and 30. Other @entity242 such as @entity1418 and @entity511 generally occur in @entity1 aged more than 55 years. The incidence of @entity421 in whites and nonwhites is equal; @entity2828 is predominantly a disease of Caucasians.3 The relatively infrequent occurrence of these @entity5 plus their diverse histology and diverse presentations have made it difficult for any one institution to have enough @entity1 to directly compare, in a randomized prospective fashion, one treatment with another in order to determine the optimal primary therapy. The purpose of this monograph is to review recent concepts in terms of pathology, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and multimodality therapy.

title: Soft tissue XXXX : current trends in diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'bone and soft tissue sarcomas', 'Sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant sarcomas', 'fleshy tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Choice of treatment for @entity5772 is controversial, with options including surgery alone, radiotherapy alone, or multimodality treatment. Given the highly aggressive nature of these @entity5 , it has been our institutional policy to manage this disease with combined partial glossectomy (with attempt to avoid laryngectomy if possible) with planned postoperative radiotherapy (RT). We reported on our institutional experience with this approach. METHODS: A retrospective review of the charts of 17 @entity1 with primary base of @entity957 treated with surgery and postoperative RT was performed. @entity1 treated with chemotherapy as part of their management were excluded. All @entity1 underwent partial, hemi-, or subtotal glossectomy; 15/17 @entity1 underwent ipsilateral radical or modified radical neck dissection. All @entity1 received comprehensive postoperative RT (median dose 6000 cGy; range 5040-6920 cGy). Stage distribution was as follows: stage I, 2; stage II, 3; stage III, 2; stage IV, 10. Positive margins for @entity189 were found in 9/17 @entity1 . Median follow-up of surviving @entity1 is 46 months; median follow-up for all @entity1 is 31 months. RESULTS: For the entire group of @entity1 , the actuarial 3-year local-regional control rate was 68%. The actuarial 3-year overall survival rate was 46%. The local-regional control rate was 83% for @entity1 with stage I-III disease versus 50% for stage IV disease. There were no local failures among eight @entity1 with negative margins (local control 100%) compared with an actuarial local control rate of 36% among @entity1 with positive margins (p = .03). Survival, disease-specific survival, and locoregional control were also highly correlated with margin status (p = .003). Late major complications included 5/17 @entity1 requiring permanent G-tubes and/or tracheostomy to prevent @entity1173 . CONCLUSIONS: Surgery plus postoperative RT is an intensive treatment for @entity5772 which offers high locoregional control in @entity1 in whom negative margins are achieved. Positive margins indicate a high risk of locoregional and systemic failure, and these @entity1 should be considered for innovative clinical trials after surgery.

title: Combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for XXXX of the base of radiotherapy for @entity5772 : analysis of treatment outcome and prognostic value of margin status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the base of tongue', 'base of tongue carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: 1. The aim of the study was to determine the ideal ratio of the essential @entity1522 @entity376 (Lys), @entity1853 (Met), @entity1889 (Thr), @entity2340 (Trp), @entity369 ( @entity534 ), @entity4857 ( @entity2596 ) and @entity6778 (Ile) and to assess the required dietary @entity376 concentration for optimum performance in broiler @entity1573 of 2 commercial strains from 20 to 40 d of age. 2. An identical basal diet was used throughout all experiments. It consisted mainly of @entity2829 and soyabean meal and contained 172 g crude protein and 13.2 MJ AME(N) per kg. For each experiment, the basal diet was adequately supplemented with all essential @entity1522 except the one to be tested, which was supplemented in 6 graded concentrations in exchange for @entity2829 starch. One (Met, Trp, @entity534 , @entity2596 , Ile) or 2 (Lys, Thr) growth trials were conducted per @entity535 tested and the response in @entity1017 , food: gain ratio, breast meat yield and abdominal fat were examined. 3. The ideal @entity535 ratio relative to Lys (expressed as a percentage) was calculated to be 75% Met+ @entity2569 , 63% Thr, 19% Trp, 112% @entity534 , 71% Ile and 81% @entity2596 on a true faecal digestible basis when the data were subjected to broken-line regression analysis. From both @entity376 studies the concentration for optimum food: gain ratio was calculated, by exponential regression analysis, to be 11.5 g true faecal digestible lys per kg diet.

title: Ideal @entity535 profile and dietary XXXX specification for broiler @entity1573 of 20 to 40 days of age.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advanced echocardiographic methods may reveal signs of late @entity5948 @entity1370 (ACT) even in asymptomatic @entity1 . We studied echocardiographic tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and velocity vector imaging (VVI) in long-term survivors of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ) before and after an exercise intervention. METHODS: Twenty-one asymptomatic, @entity5948 -treated, long-term childhood @entity981 survivors with matched controls were studied at baseline. Seventeen of the survivors participated in a 3-month home-based exercise program. Echocardiography with TDI and VVI was performed. RESULTS: At baseline, ejection fraction (60.7      4.7% vs. 62.3      3.7%, P  =  0.22) and fractional shortening (32.6      3.1% vs. 34.0      2.8%, P  =  0.13) were similar in survivors and controls. Lateral early diastolic mitral annulus velocity E' (32.81      5.71  cm/sec vs. 38.03      6.21  cm/sec, P  =  0.01), E'/A' (1.60      0.48 vs. 2.07      0.63, P  =  0.01), and E/E' (2.78      0.35 vs. 2.42      0.62, P  =  0.04) were impaired compared to controls. Peak circumferential strain and strain rate were attenuated at apex (-24.50      3.46% vs. -28.06      4.39%, P  =  0.01 and -1.47      0.22  @entity8639 ) vs. -1.68      0.33  @entity8639 ) , P  =  0.02) compared to controls. After the intervention, early diastolic mitral inflow velocity E (87.76      12.54  cm/s vs. 95.28      10.48  cm/s, P  =  0.04) and E' increased (31.78      5.50  cm/s vs. 34.96      5.41  cm/s, P  <  0.01). Peak circumferential systolic and diastolic strain rates at mid-level (-1.22      0.21  @entity8639 ) vs. -1.35      0.24  @entity8639 ) , P  =  0.04 and 1.25      0.25  @entity8639 ) vs. 1.48      0.35  @entity8639 ) , P  <  0.01) improved after the exercise program. CONCLUSIONS: A simple home-based exercise program improved cardiac function in asymptomatic childhood @entity981 survivors. Adding TDI in routine echocardiographic examination may improve the recognition of early signs of ACT, and VVI may bring additional information. The improvements in cardiac function after the exercise program emphasize the importance of physical activity in this population.

title: Home-Based Exercise Training Improves Left Ventricle Diastolic Function in Survivors of XXXX : A Tissue Doppler and Velocity Vector Imaging Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Childhood ALL']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined dose scheduling, safety, and efficacy of @entity15464 in the treatment of CIN2 and CIN3. METHODS: @entity1 were instructed on insertion and removal of an @entity15464 delivery system. Treatment regimens of 4, 8, and 14 days were utilized. Biopsies were performed on day 90 to assess efficacy. Safety was evaluated with @entity137 questionnaires and @entity1 interviews. RESULTS: Two @entity1 treated for 4 days had stable disease. Twenty-three @entity1 treated for 8 days demonstrated an overall 61% (14 of 23) response rate. Twenty-four @entity1 treated for 14 days had an overall 38% (9 of 24) response rate. No @entity1 had disease progression. Compared to untreated historical controls, significantly improved efficacy was demonstrated for @entity1 with CIN2. @entity1 with CIN3 had improved efficacy, though not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of side effects and practicality of home use make @entity15464 a nontoxic and safe alternative to surgical therapy in @entity1 with CIN2 and CIN3.

title: Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia levels 2 and 3 with XXXX , a retinoid-related molecule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15464 :: ('MESH:C063610', 'Chemical') :: ['adapalene']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity15464 :: (MESH:C063610,Chemical) :: ['adapalene']


abstract: The pink-eyed unstable (p(un)) mutation is the result of a 70kb tandem duplication within the @entity19 p gene. Homologous deletion/recombination of the locus to wild-type occurs spontaneously in embryos and results in @entity735 that persist for life. Such deletion events are also inducible by a variety of DNA damaging agents, as we have observed previously with the fur spot assay. Here, we describe the use of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the eye to detect reversion events induced with two differently acting agents. @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) induces a high frequency, and X-ray exposure a more modest increase, of p(un) reversion in both the fur and the eye. The eye-spot assay requires fewer @entity19 for significant results than the fur spot assay. Previous work had elucidated the cell proliferation pattern in the RPE and a position effect variegation phenotype in the pattern of p(un) reversions, which we have confirmed. Acute exposure to @entity3015 or X-rays resulted in an increased frequency of reversion events. The majority of the spontaneous reversions lie toward the periphery of the RPE whereas induced events are found more centrally, closer to the optic nerve head. The induced distribution corresponds to the major sites of cell proliferation in the RPE at the time of exposure, and further advocates the proposal that dividing cells are at highest risk to develop deletions.

title: @entity3014 and X-rays induce reversions of the pink-eyed unstable mutation in the retinal pigment epithelium of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented spots in the fur and eye']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzo(a)pyrene']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Several studies have linked mutations in the genes encoding @entity5060 ( @entity5060 ) and @entity16816 reductase complex 1 ( @entity5058 ) to a reduced VKA dose requirement and an increased risk of @entity548 . Nevertheless, implementation of genotyping as a routine practice is still controversial. Our study was conducted in order to investigate the impact of genetic factors, presence of @entity5058 -c.1639A, CYP2C*2 and CYP2C*3 among outpatients referred to Anticoagulation Service due to extremely unstable anticoagulant therapy. From 2008 to 2011, 68 @entity1 , mean age 65.9, were included in the study. They were referred from primary care physicians due to inability to sustain the therapeutic range in the period of initiation of anticoagulant therapy. Genotyping results showed that 17 (25%) of them were carriers of both @entity5060 and @entity5058 variant alleles, 38 (55.9%) were carriers of @entity5058 c.1639AA, 6 (8.8%) were carriers of @entity5060 variant alleles, while 7 (10.3%) of them were carriers of wild type alleles. INR control upon admission showed that 34 (50%) of them were over-anticoagulated, while 12 (17.6%) of them had subsequent @entity548 complications. Among over-anticoagulated @entity1 , 32 were carriers of mutated alleles in both @entity5060 and @entity5058 gene or @entity5058 alone, while 2 of @entity1 carried wild type alleles. In addition to presence of @entity5060 or @entity5058 alleles, older age was an important factor related to a lower dose and risk for over-anticoagulation. Genotype ( @entity5060 / @entity5058 ) and age are the most important factors that could predispose an extreme response and subsequent @entity548 complications during the initiation of VKA.

title: Pharmacogenetic tests could be helpful in predicting of VKA maintenance dose in elderly XXXX at treatment initiation.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16816 :: ('MESH:C016186', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K epoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']