abstract: This is a study of 6 @entity1 of @entity32472 ( @entity32472 ) who were treated between 1980 and 1988. All of them had mild to severe degree of @entity2168 of @entity2168 with variable degrees of exorbitism (pseudoexophthalmus), @entity428 and @entity1032 . All except one @entity1 had maternal H O fever and/or drug intake during the first trimester or toxaemia of pregnancy. The skull X-ray showed typical @entity32472 with expanded middle cranial fossa, foreshortened anterior and posterior fossae and honey-comb appearance in the occiput. Preoperative CT scan revealed generalized @entity1276 in older @entity1 but only cystic dilatation of the temporal horns in younger @entity1 . The best treatment results were observed in the youngest @entity1 , 7 weeks old, following morcellation cranioplasty, duroplasty, orbital decompression and delayed V.P. Shunt. Fronto-orbital advancement procedure gave satisfactory results in older @entity1 except in those with severe craniofacial @entity850 . A delayed CSF shunt is only indicated for progressive postoperative @entity1276 . Immediate survival was 100% and late 50%. The @entity204 were due to complications of @entity1276 . Survival was better in those having less severe Crouzon Syndrome irrespective of the type of surgical treatment. However, timely CSF shunt surgery played an important role in the long term survival, improvement of I.Q., and ultimate shape of head. The study suggests that @entity32472 is a severe @entity2168 due to teratogenic damage in the first trimester of pregnancy causing developmental aberration of primary mesenchyme of the neurocranial capsule and base of the skull. The cystic dilatation of the temporal horns is the earliest sign of @entity1276 and occurs secondary to disturbed growth of the cerebral capsule.

title: Cloverleaf skull--a severe form of XXXX : a new concept in aetiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity2168 :: ('MESH:D003394', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial dysostosis', 'malformation of Crouzons disease', 'Crouzon type']

entities_list: @entity32472 :: ('MESH:C536884', 'Disease') :: ['CLS', 'cloverleaf skull']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2168 :: (MESH:D003394,Disease) :: ['Crouzon's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The delivery of drugs to the brain is a major obstacle in the design and development of useful treatments for @entity11 . Previous studies by our laboratory have identified a series of @entity16776 compounds that block the catalytic cycle of topoisomerase II resulting in apoptosis and cell death in a variety of @entity5 cell lines. METHODS: This study reports the in vitro and in vivo activity of two promising lead compounds, [{9-[2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-ethylamino]-acridin-4-yl}-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone (1) and [9-(1-Benzyl-piperidin-4-ylamino)-acridin-3-yl]-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methanone] (2), using an orthotopic @entity463 @entity19 model. In addition, the absorption, distribution, and metabolism properties are characterized by determining metabolic stability, MDCK accumulation, @entity679 efflux transport, plasma protein binding, and brain distribution in @entity19 pharmacokinetic studies. RESULTS: The efficacy results indicate low micromolar ED(50) values against @entity11 cells and a significant increase in the survival of @entity11 -bearing @entity19 dosed with (2) (p  <  0.05). Pharmacokinetic data collected at time intervals following a 60  mg/kg oral dose of @entity8574 1 and 2 showed both compounds penetrate the blood-brain barrier yielding peak concentrations of 0.25   M and 0.6   M, respectively. Peak plasma concentrations were determined to be 2.25   M (1) and 20.38   M (2). The results were further compared with data collected using a 15  mg/kg intravenous dose of 2 which yielded a peak concentration in the brain of 1.7  M at 2.0  h relative to a 2.04  M peak plasma concentration. The bioavailability was calculated to be 83.8%. CONCLUSION: Taken overall, the results suggest compounds in this series may offer new strategies for the design of chemotherapeutics for treating @entity1313 with high oral bioavailability and improved efficacy.

title: XXXX pharmacokinetics, brain distribution, and in vitro/in vivo efficacy against @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity16776 :: ('MESH:D000585', 'Chemical') :: ['9-amino acridine']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity16776 :: (MESH:D000585,Chemical) :: ['9-Amino acridine']


abstract: @entity2268 ( @entity2268 ) is limb-threatening. Traditional treatments are very morbid. We examine the efficacy of percutaneous treatment of @entity2268 . Between May 2005 and September 2008, we treated 21 limbs in 20 @entity1 with lower extremity @entity2268 who were candidates for thrombolysis. Diagnosis was by clinical examination and duplex ultrasound. Catheter access to the deep venous system was obtained through a popliteal vein. Therapy used pulse spray thrombolysis with @entity1456 (tPA). Infusion catheters and adjunctive percutaneous techniques were used as indicated. Postoperatively, @entity1 were treated with systemic anticoagulation, compression hose, and interval follow-up. Limbs were graded according to the @entity17622 classification. Twenty @entity1 (13 male) were treated with a mean age of 55.8 years. Nine @entity1 had @entity49 states, four @entity1228 , three a history of @entity5 , one postcolon resection, one @entity583 , and one postfemoral vein puncture. All @entity1 had resolution of @entity2268 without the need for open surgery. The initial @entity865 dose was 19.5 mg with pulse spray thrombolysis. Infusion catheters were required in 18 @entity1 and used for 16.1 hours (range, 8 to 36 hours) until complete thrombolysis. @entity1211 was necessary in 14 @entity1 with nine of these requiring venous stents. One @entity1 required above-knee amputation despite successful treatment of her @entity2268 . Mean follow-up was 10.7 months (range, 1 to 39 months). All @entity1 demonstrated no or minimal residual thrombus and intact valvular function and a mean clinical @entity17622 score of 2.4. Percutaneous treatment of @entity2268 produced excellent results with minimal morbidity.

title: Pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for XXXX cerulea dolens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Phlegmasia cerulea dolens']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity1228 :: ('MESH:D062108', 'Disease') :: ['May Thurner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous angioplasty']

answer: @entity2268 :: (MESH:D013924,Disease) :: ['phlegmasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) are at high risk for @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). Longitudinal data on incident @entity1561 are lacking. We employed non-invasive methods to study incidence and predictors of @entity1561 . METHODS: This was a retrospective study of @entity29 @entity1 without known @entity409 followed at @entity29 clinic of McGill University. @entity1561 was defined as @entity1560 Index (HSI) >= 36 and absence of @entity285 intake. Advanced liver @entity82 was diagnosed by FIB-4 >= 2.67. Active @entity29 was defined as partial Mayo score >= 3 for @entity31 , Harvey Bradshaw Index >=  5 or flare during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to investigate incidence and predictors of @entity1561 development. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-one consecutive @entity1 (median age 33.7 yr, 47% males) were observed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range 1.5-6). Over 1181.2 @entity1 -year (PY), 108 (33.6%) @entity1 developed @entity1561 , accounting for an incidence rate of 9.1/100 PY (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.4-10.9). 7 (2.2%) @entity1 developed advanced liver @entity82 , accounting for an incidence rate of 0.5/100 PY (95% CI, 0.2-1.1). Development of @entity1561 was predicted by disease activity (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.08-2.33, P = 0.02), disease duration (aHR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23, P = 0.01), and prior surgery for @entity29 (aHR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.74, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1561 is a frequent comorbidity in @entity1 with @entity29 . These @entity1 can also develop advanced liver @entity82 . Disease activity, duration of @entity29 and prior surgery are predictors of @entity1561 development. This should represent one more incentive to achieve and maintain early clinical remission. Further prospective studies are of interest.

title: Incidence and Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty XXXX by Serum Biomarkers in @entity1 with @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic Steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2828 family of @entity5 (ESFT), characterized by t(11;22)(q24;q12), is one of the most common @entity5 of bone in @entity1 and young adults. In addition to @entity12726 / @entity21468 gene fusion, copy number changes are known to be significant for the underlying neoplastic development of ESFT and for @entity1 outcome. Our genome-wide high-resolution analysis aspired to pinpoint genomic regions of highest interest and possible target genes in these areas. METHODS: Array @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ) and expression arrays were used to screen for copy number alterations and expression changes in ESFT @entity1 samples. A total of 31 ESFT samples were analyzed by aCGH and in 16 @entity1 DNA and RNA level data, created by expression arrays, was integrated. Time of the follow-up of these @entity1 was 5-192 months. Clinical outcome was statistically evaluated by Kaplan-Meier/Logrank methods and RT-PCR was applied on 42 @entity1 samples to study the gene of the highest interest. RESULTS: Copy number changes were detected in 87% of the cases. The most recurrent copy number changes were gains at 1q, 2, 8, and 12, and losses at 9p and 16q. Cumulative event free survival (ESFT) and overall survival (OS) were significantly better (P < 0.05) for @entity5 with three or less copy number changes than for @entity5 with higher number of copy number aberrations. In three samples copy number imbalances were detected in chromosomes 11 and 22 affecting the @entity21468 and @entity12726 loci, suggesting that an unbalanced t(11;22) and subsequent duplication of the derivative chromosome harboring fusion gene is a common event in ESFT. Further, amplifications on chromosomes 20 and 22 seen in one @entity1 sample suggest a novel translocation type between @entity12726 and an unidentified fusion partner at 20q. In total 20 novel ESFT associated putative oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes were found in the integration analysis of array @entity8625 and expression data. Quantitative RT-PCR to study the expression levels of the most interesting gene, @entity31451 , confirmed that its expression was higher than in control samples. However, no association between @entity31451 expression and @entity1 survival was observed. CONCLUSION: We conclude that array @entity8625 and integration analysis proved to be effective methods to identify chromosome regions and novel target genes involved in the tumorigenesis of ESFT.

title: Combined use of expression and @entity8625 arrays pinpoints novel candidate genes in @entity2828 family of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['CGH', 'comparative genomic hybridization']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: In childhood mature cystic @entity44 are the most common type of @entity43 . Tumors of neuroepithelial origin are extremely rare in mature @entity44 . To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report @entity3271 arising in a @entity43 in @entity1 . A 13-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of pelvic @entity158 for 2 months. An ultrasound examination showed a monolateral multicystic, @entity730 ovarian mass, measuring approximately 6 x 5 cm, arising in the left over and adnexia, suggesting a @entity44 . An exploratorative laparotomy and ooferectomy were performed. On histopatological examination, various samples from cystic areas had mature tissues from all 3 germ cell layers, including skin, bone, bronchial structures, and cerebellum. Sections from solid areas showed uniform population of monotonous, rounded cells with indistinct cytoplasm and having perinuclear halo (fried-egg appearance) on a fibrillary, neuropilic background. Microcalcifications as calcospherites were noted in the stroma. Based on the typical morphological features, the cased was diagnosed as @entity44 with low-grade @entity3271 . To the authors' knowledge, there are a few reports in the literature of an @entity3271 arising in an @entity43 in adults and this presented @entity1 is the first case in childhood.

title: XXXX arising in a @entity43 in a @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian teratoma', 'ovarian germ cell tumors', 'mature cystic ovarian teratoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'mature cystic teratoma', 'teratomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['Oligodendroglioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The physical and emotional well-being of adolescents and young adults with @entity5 (AYA) rests on the ability of all concerned to promote helpful forms of care and reduce hurtful forms. The purpose of this study was to identify aspects of behavior that may promote or inhibit healthy psychosocial adjustment for this age-defined population. METHOD: Seventeen young adult @entity5 survivors participated in focus groups to discuss what @entity1 said or did that they found helpful or hurtful. Inductive and deductive techniques of coding and analysis of these qualitative data were performed. RESULTS: Survivors reported being the recipients of positive and negative communications and behaviors of an informational, practical, interpersonal, and/or emotional character. Most common were comments and actions in the interpersonal realm. More helpful than hurtful comments were reported, except in the informational category, where the "bad news" about @entity5 and the style of information-sharing created hurt. CONCLUSION: How @entity1 communicate information, tasks, and feelings to AYA @entity1 and survivors affects how they experience their illness and think about themselves and their current and future situations. All parties-doctors, other medical providers, family members, and friends-need to attend to the manner as well as content of their communications and interactions with AYAs and to the social and emotional context within which communication and interaction occurs. Specific recommendations for the care of AYA @entity5 @entity1 are offered, emphasizing the importance of attending to the cognitive capabilities and unique developmental challenges associated with adolescence and young adulthood.

title: To foster healing among adolescents and young adults with XXXX : what helps? What hurts?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the ability of brain tissue @entity26 pressure ( @entity4095 ), @entity544 pressure (PCO2), and pH to detect regional @entity63 produced by temporary brain @entity432 , compared with a group without @entity432 . METHODS: @entity1 undergoing craniotomy for cerebrovascular surgery were recruited for this study. A 0.5-mm-diameter probe was inserted into brain tissue to measure @entity4095 , PCO2, and pH continuously. Group 1 (n = 15) did not receive brain @entity432 during their surgical procedure. In Group 2, brain @entity432 was produced for @entity439 clipping (n = 10) or extracerebral to intracerebral artery bypass (n = 3). Mean arterial pressure was maintained above 90 mmHg in both groups. Measurements were made after @entity432 or sham treatment and compared with baseline. RESULTS: Under baseline conditions, tissue @entity4095 , PCO2, and pH were not different between the groups. In Group 2, brain @entity432 for a median time of 7 minutes (range, 2-48 min) significantly decreased @entity4095 and pH and increased PCO2 compared with baseline. There were no significant changes in Group 1. During @entity432 , @entity4095 decreased below 10 mmHg and/or pH decreased below 7.0 in 8 of 13 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Regional @entity2806 can be consistently detected and treated by monitoring tissue metabolism. It will be necessary in the future to identify critical levels and duration of decreases in @entity4095 and pH that lead to irreversible @entity528 .

title: Measurement of XXXX by changes in tissue @entity26 , @entity544 , and pH.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is assumed that the circulation of HPV types in a population is stable over time although there are limited historical data to support this view. The existence of possible cohort effects in the circulation of HPV types has major implications for vaccination strategies and risk assessment in HPV-infected @entity1 . We analysed archival biopsy samples of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) to study the distribution of HPV types in Northern Italy over the years 1985-2007. METHODS: DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical biopsies from the years 1985-87 (67 samples) and 1995-97 (92 samples) was HPV-typed by the SPF-(10) @entity9377 assay. Cases were compared with 159 control biopsies from the years 2005-07 matched by @entity1 age and @entity3146 grade. Quantitative PCR was used to compare titres of HPV sequences in DNA extracted from biopsies of the three periods. Type-specific PCR was used to confirm HPV51 and 52 typing by SPF-(10) @entity9377 . RESULTS: HPV51, 52, 53, 56, 58, and 66 were markedly under-represented or undetectable in samples from past periods whereas they represented 5.7-30.8% of present @entity281 . Frequency of multiple HPV @entity281 and high-risk @entity281 (p=0.0001) also increased in recent years. The main changes occurred over the last decade. Infections by @entity1799 , 18, were three times more frequent 20 years ago than today (p=0.012). Loss of amplifiable HPV sequences over prolonged storage was not observed. Type-specific PCR confirmed all HPV51 and 52 @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Secular trends in the distribution of HPV types among @entity1 with @entity3146 may occur in specific populations.

title: Time trends of human papillomavirus type distribution in Italian @entity1 with @entity3146 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['CIN']


abstract: Utilization of @entity9222 ( @entity9222 ) as a main substrate due to its high protein content for inulinase (2,1-b-d-fructan fructanohydrolase) production by Geotrichum candidum OC-7 was investigated in this study. To optimize fermentation conditions, four influential factors (locust powder (LP) concentration, @entity969 concentration, pH and fermentation time) at three levels were investigated using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiment (DOE). Inulinase yield obtained from the designed experiments with regard to Taguchi L9 OA was processed with Minitab 15 software at 'larger is better' as quality character. The results showed that optimal fermentation conditions determined as LP 30  g/l, @entity969 20  g/l, pH 6.0 and time 48  h. Maximum inulinase activity was recorded as 30.12  U/ml, which was closer to the predicted value (30.56  U/ml). To verify the results, analysis of variance test was employed. LP had the greatest contribution (71.96%) among the other factors. @entity969 had lower contribution (13.96%) than LP. This result demonstrated that LP had a strong effect on inulinase activity and can be used for enzyme production. Taguchi DOE application enhanced enzyme activity to about 3.05-fold versus unoptimized condition and 2.34-fold versus control medium. Consequently, higher inulinase production can be achieved by the utilization of an edible insect material as an alternative substrate and Taguchi DOE presents suitable optimization method for biotechnological process.

title: Inulinase production by Geotrichum candidum OC-7 using XXXX as a new substrate and optimization process with Taguchi DOE.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['Sucrose', 'sucrose']

entities_list: @entity9222 :: ('7004', 'Species') :: ['migratory locusts', 'Locusta migratoria']

answer: @entity9222 :: (7004,Species) :: ['migratory locusts']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate safety, efficacy, and clinical usefulness of biphasic transthoracic cardioversion for management of @entity235 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). BACKGROUND: In @entity235 @entity955 is usually managed with heart rate control rather than by restoration of @entity11705 ( @entity11705 ). However, restoration of @entity11705 has potential advantages of improving cardiac output and reducing ventricular filling pressures, and biphasic cardioversion provides an improved benefit/risk ratio compared to traditional monophasic cardioversion. ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from 39 @entity235 with spontaneous @entity955 managed with biphasic transthoracic cardioversion was done. Conversion characteristics, adverse effects, and duration of @entity11705 were evaluated. Effects of @entity299 and pretreatment with @entity2643 on success of cardioversion and on duration of @entity11705 were also evaluated. RESULTS: Restoration of @entity11705 was achieved in 36 of 39 @entity235 (92.3%). Presence of @entity299 or @entity1283 had no effect on cardioversion characteristics or ability to restore @entity11705 . Median duration of @entity11705 following cardioversion and treatment with @entity2643 was 120 days. @entity235 with lone @entity955 remained in @entity11705 longer than those with @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: Biphasic cardioversion is safe and effective. Although duration of @entity11705 varied, a majority of @entity235 remained in @entity11705 long enough to benefit.

title: A retrospective evaluation of transthoracic biphasic electrical cardioversion for @entity955 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity11705 :: ('MESH:C563907', 'Disease') :: ['SR', 'sinus rhythm']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 30% of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of thyroid nodules are indeterminate or nondiagnostic. Recent studies suggest microRNA (miRNA, @entity11216 ) is differentially expressed in @entity5 and may have a role in @entity105 , including @entity259 . The authors therefore tested the hypothesis that miRNA expression analysis would identify putative markers that could distinguish benign from @entity259 that are often indeterminate on FNA biopsy. METHODS: A miRNA array was used to identify differentially expressed genes (5-fold higher or lower) in pooled normal, malignant, and benign thyroid tissue samples. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm miRNA array expression data in 104 tissue samples (7 normal thyroid, 14 hyperplastic nodule, 12 follicular variant of @entity3557 , 8 @entity3557 , 15 follicular @entity652 , 12 @entity189 , 12 Hurthle cell @entity652 , 20 @entity1358 , and 4 @entity189 cases), and 125 indeterminate clinical FNA samples. The diagnostic accuracy of differentially expressed genes was determined by analyzing receiver operating characteristics. RESULTS: Ten miRNAs showed >5-fold expression difference between benign and @entity259 on miRNA array analysis. Four of the 10 miRNAs were validated to be significantly differentially expressed between benign and @entity259 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (P < .002): @entity26719 , @entity11216 -125b, @entity11216 -138, and @entity11216 -768-3p were overexpressed in malignant samples of follicular origin (P < .001), and in @entity1358 samples alone (P < .01). Only @entity11216 -125b was significantly overexpressed in @entity189 samples (P < .05). The accuracy for distinguishing benign from @entity259 was 79% overall, 98% for Hurthle cell neoplasms, and 71% for @entity5 . The @entity11216 -138 was overexpressed in the FNA samples (P = .04) that were malignant on final pathology with an accuracy of 75%. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA expression differs for normal, benign, and malignant thyroid tissue. Expression analysis of differentially expressed miRNA could help distinguish benign from @entity259 that are indeterminate on thyroid FNA biopsy.

title: MicroRNA expression profiling is a potential diagnostic tool for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['follicular neoplasms', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'malignant thyroid neoplasms']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: Adjuvant systemic treatment for @entity0 has evolved resulting in improved outcomes. A relevant question is whether these advances have changed the pattern of distant relapse. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 were divided into three time cohorts according to changes in adjuvant therapy; A: 1989-1991-CMF chemotherapy in premenopausal and @entity440 for postmenopausal @entity1 ; B: 1992-1997-anthracycline chemotherapy and @entity440 for pre/postmenopausal @entity1 ; C: 1998-2001-broader use of @entity8253 . The primary endpoint was 5-year cumulative incidence of bone @entity3 (BM) as first site of @entity3 (FSOM) versus non-bone @entity3 (NBM). The ratios NBM/BM in each period were calculated. The eligibility criteria were met by 21,415 cases; Cohorts A: 1989-1991 (n = 3,915), B: 1992-1997 (n = 9,229) and C: 1998-2001 (n = 8,271). Between 1989 and 2001, the percentage of @entity1 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy increased from 23.1 to 34.4%. A decline in cumulative 5-year incidence rates for BM and NBM as FSOM was seen comparing cohort A to C, P < 0.0001. The ratio NBM/BM was significantly increased from 1.53 in the early cohort to 2.00 in the later one, P = 0.0083. The most prominent increase (84%) was in the ER-negative group, chemotherapy treated, P = 0.0272. A significant decline in 5-year cumulative incidence of @entity3 and an increase in the proportion of NBM as first site of @entity3 were observed between earlier and later cohorts. This may reflect the need for more successful adjuvant treatment options for aggressive @entity0 subtypes which are more likely to present with early spread to visceral organs. Understanding patterns of relapse may help design new adjuvant strategies.

title: Patterns of relapse in XXXX : changes over time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage I-III breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The survival and function of retinal neurons is dependent on mitochondrial energy generation and its intracellular distribution by @entity908 kinase. Post @entity63 disruption of retinal @entity908 synthesis, @entity908 kinase activity, or transport of @entity908 into neurons may impair retinal function. @entity3874 (SAMe) is required for @entity908 synthesis, @entity2434 and @entity2041 synthesis, and transducin methylation. These reactions are essential for photoreceptor function but may be downregulated after @entity63 due to a reduction in SAMe. Our aim was to determine whether administration of SAMe after @entity63 could improve retinal function. Unilateral @entity2479 was induced in adult @entity35 by increasing the intraocular pressure to 110 mm Hg for 60 min. Immediately after the @entity63 insult, SAMe was injected into the vitreous (100 microM), followed by oral administration (69 mg/kg/day) for 5 or 10 days. Retinal function (electroretinography), histology, and @entity908 transporter ( @entity3882 ) expression were analyzed. Photoreceptoral responses (R( @entity1 ), S), rod and cone bipolar cell responses (PII), and oscillatory potentials were reduced by the @entity63 /reperfusion insult. Although SAMe treatment ameliorated the @entity63 -induced histological damage by day 5, there was no improvement in retinal function and the intensity of @entity3882 labeling in @entity63 retinas was markedly reduced. However, 10 days after @entity63 , a recovery in @entity3882 immunolabeling was evident and SAMe supplementation significantly restored photoreceptor function and rod PII responses. In conclusion, these data suggest that @entity908 transport and methylation reactions, such as @entity908 synthesis, may be compromised by an @entity63 insult contributing to @entity989 and injury. Oral SAMe supplementation after @entity2479 may provide an effective, safe, and accessible neuroprotective strategy.

title: XXXX restores photoreceptor function following acute @entity2479 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3874 :: ('CHEBI:15414', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dysfunction']

answer: @entity3874 :: (CHEBI:15414,Chemical) :: ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine']


abstract: The decline in mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CQ), and renal blood flow (RBF) that accompany @entity326 shock is partly ameliorated by cyclooxygenase or leukotriene blockade. This study determined whether dual cyclooxygenase and leukotriene blockade provided greater hemodynamic protection than either single blockade alone. Mongrel @entity235 were pretreated with either @entity5018 or @entity8766 alone or dual blockade consisting of @entity5018 combined with @entity8766 or @entity8394 , then given @entity526 endotoxin, and monitored for 10 hr. @entity551 was equally maintained with dual blockade and with @entity5018 . For the first 5 hr postendotoxin, CQ was best maintained by dual blockade. However, by 9 hr postendotoxin, CQ in @entity8766 -treated animals was 88 +/- 8% of control. @entity8766 provided the greatest protection of RBF, while dual blockade provided the least protection for both RBF and urine flow rates (V). @entity5018 -treated @entity235 required less @entity5993 for acid-base maintenance than did dual-blocked animals. In summary, dual cyclooxygenase and leukotriene blockade was advantageous in protecting MAP and CQ during the early phases of shock but provided no greater protection of RBF, GFR, V or acid-base balance than did single blockade. Overall, @entity8766 provided the best protection from circulatory dysfunction.

title: Hemodynamic and renal advantages of dual cyclooxygenase and leukotriene blockade during XXXX @entity326 shock.

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity8394 :: ('MESH:D011435', 'Chemical') :: ['propylgallate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Postendotoxemic MAP']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: AIM: High pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and excessive pregnancy @entity1017 lead to higher incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Aim of the study was to assess the effects of initial BMI and pregnancy @entity1017 on development of @entity6 in a rural @entity3595 Lankan population. It was also hypothesized that these effects could be more pronounced in shorter mothers. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted at two rural hospitals in @entity3595 Lanka. A case was defined as a pregnant mother admitted for the completion of pregnancy and diagnosed to have @entity6 (n=99). A similar group of mothers without @entity6 were recruited as controls (n=336). Data were collected through health records and direct interviews. RESULTS: Mean age of @entity6 and non- @entity6 mothers were 32.8 years 28.1 years, respectively. High pre-pregnancy BMI was a significant risk for @entity6 , with a rising trend with increasing BMI. In contrast to underweight mothers, the risk increases from normal weight [odds ratio (OR)=6.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-19.4, p<0.01], overweight (OR=17.1, 95% CI 5.8-49.9, p<0.01) and to @entity28 (OR=32.4, 95% CI 10.0-104.5, p<0.01). There was no significant difference in @entity1017 across mother's height groups. Height or leg length did not show an association with @entity6 . Family history of @entity6 and past @entity6 were associated with @entity6 . @entity6 mothers had higher likelihood for cesarian deliveries, and babies with higher birth weight. CONCLUSION: The pre-pregnancy BMI was the most important modifiable risk factor for @entity6 , and it should be the main preventive measure.

title: Effects of initial body mass index on development of gestational diabetes in a rural XXXX Lankan population: A case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'GDM']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: Lym-1 is a therapeutically promising IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that reacts with variant class II molecules expressed on B-lineage @entity5 . To optimize antitumor immunotherapy with Lym-1, we determined whether granulocytes could participate in @entity5 lysis mediated by Lym-1 and whether recombinant @entity379 ) could influence this reaction. Granulocytes had minimal activity in mediating Lym-1 @entity137 ( @entity137 ) compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). However, @entity379 markedly augmented and occasionally induced granulocyte Lym-1 @entity137 in a dose-dependent fashion (optimal 100 U/mL). Granulocytes primed with @entity379 for 24 hours displayed greatly increased @entity137 in the absence of further @entity379 exposure. In most individuals, @entity379 also enhanced PBMC Lym-1 @entity137 . Interferon alfa ( @entity3027 ), although able to enhance PBMC-mediated Lym-1 @entity137 and non- @entity137 lysis, had no effect on granulocyte activity. Lym-1 @entity137 involved an interaction between Fc receptor-bearing granulocytes and Lym-1 antigen positive targets based on the following: (1) The reaction was Lym-1 dose-dependent with @entity137 detectable at concentrations as low as 0.5 microgram/mL. (2) An irrelevant, isotype-matched MoAb (UPC-10) was unable to mediate @entity137 . (3) In the absence of Lym-1, granulocytes--with or without @entity379 --displayed no intrinsic @entity5 lytic ability. Conversely, without granulocytes, Lym-1 or Lym-1 plus @entity379 had no effect. (4) Protein A, which binds avidly to Lym-1, inhibited the reaction 95%. (5) @entity379 induced granulocyte expression of @entity10685 , the IgG Fc receptor that binds murine IgG2a MoAbs. (6) Of nine malignant @entity1 cell lines, only the three that moderately or strongly expressed the Lym-1 antigen were consistently lysed. Preclinical studies such as these may provide a rational basis for designing clinical trials with Lym-1 in combination with @entity379 .

title: @entity379 augments Lym-1-dependent, granulocyte-mediated XXXX cell lysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ADCC', 'antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (IFN-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Nonhealing cutaneous wounds, a major cause of morbidity and mortality, are difficult to treat. Recent studies suggest that significant increases in skin wound-healing rates occur by altering gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). As migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts is an important feature of wound healing, this study investigated whether migration rates in cultured normal @entity1 epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts could be altered by modulating GJIC via @entity19279 mimetic peptides. First, HeLa cells stably transfected with @entity495 ( @entity495 ), @entity8439 , or @entity3492 were used as a model to determine @entity19279 specificity and the doses of @entity19279 mimetic peptides required to attenuate GJIC. Gap26 and Gap26M inhibited GJIC dose dependently and were nonconnexin specific, whereas Gap27 was @entity495 -selective. Skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts expressed a variety of connexins, with @entity495 predominating. @entity495 protein expression was reduced at leading edges 3 hours after scraping confluent monolayers, resolving at 24 hours. Gap26M and Gap27 significantly increased migration rates across scrapes in keratinocytes and fibroblasts by blocking gap junction functionality. GJIC inhibition can thus directly influence keratinocyte and fibroblast migration. Furthermore, our results support the therapeutic potential of @entity19279 mimetic peptides to aid wound closure, and provide a simple approach to screening new agents.

title: @entity19279 mimetic peptides improve cell migration rates of XXXX epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and radiographic results on a midterm basis, as well as complications, in an initial series of meniscal allograft transplantations performed with suture fixation without any @entity79 . METHODS: A series of 33 meniscal allograft transplantations were performed at our institution from January 2001 to October 2003. Inclusion criteria were @entity1 with @entity158 due to a previous meniscectomy. There were 24 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 with a mean age of 38.8 years (range, 21 to 54 years). The functional outcomes were evaluated by use of Lysholm and Tegner scores at a mean and minimum follow-up of 6.5 years and 5 years, respectively. A visual analog scale for @entity158 was also used. Radiographic assessment included joint space narrowing on the Rosenberg view and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. RESULTS: The Lysholm and Tegner scores significantly improved from 65.4 to 88.6 (P < .001) and from 3.1 to 5.5 (P < .001), respectively, after surgery. The visual analog scale score significantly dropped from 6.4 to 1.5 (P < .001). The radiographic evaluation did not show any joint space narrowing (P = .38). Meniscal extrusion was a constant finding, averaging 36.3% of total meniscal size. According to the Van Arkel criteria, the survival rate was 87.8% at 6.5 years. The rate of complications was 33%. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that this procedure provides significant @entity158 relief and functional improvement in selected symptomatic individuals on a midterm basis. However, there was a high rate of complications (33%) and revision surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

title: Meniscal allograft transplantation without bone blocks: a 5- to 8-year follow-up of 33 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone block']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['compartmental joint line pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a brief course of treatment with @entity16891 can reduce biochemical parameters of accelerated bone turnover in @entity1 with advanced @entity4261 . DESIGN: Unblinded trial, decreasing dose schedules of @entity16891 . SETTING: University hospital with primary orthopedic and metabolic bone disease specialty. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 with advanced @entity4261 who had previously received conventional therapy consisting of @entity175 , @entity10210 , or @entity18377 . INTERVENTIONS: Five @entity1 were entered into each of three dose schedules: 2.5 mg/kg body weight per day by continuous intravenous infusion for 7 days; 0.5 mg/kg per day for 14 days by subcutaneous injection; and 0.25 mg/kg per day for 14 days by subcutaneous injection. Several @entity1 were treated with different dose schedules. @entity1 were followed until relapse. RESULTS: Fifteen courses of treatment were administered to ten @entity1 . Reductions in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary @entity720 excretion were observed after treatment with each dose schedule. After treatment with high, intermediate, and low doses, the median maximum decreases in serum alkaline phosphatase activity were 49%, 39%, and 18%, respectively. The median maximum decreases in urinary @entity720 excretion were 50%, 52%, and 16%, respectively. The maximum decrease in urinary @entity720 excretion occurred within a median of 2 weeks from the start of treatment, whereas the maximum decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activity occurred substantially later at a median of 6 weeks. All treatment schedules were well tolerated. Response duration was highly variable (range, 6 to 42 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term treatment with @entity16891 can reduce biochemical parameters of disease activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity4261 . Larger trials using low-dose intermittent treatment schedules are required to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this therapy.

title: XXXX for advanced @entity4261 : effectiveness and dose-response analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity16891 :: ('MESH:C027235', 'Chemical') :: ['gallium nitrate']

entities_list: @entity18377 :: ('MESH:D008926', 'Chemical') :: ['mithramycin']

entities_list: @entity10210 :: ('MESH:D012968', 'Chemical') :: ['etidronate']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ['Paget disease', 'Paget disease of bone']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity16891 :: (MESH:C027235,Chemical) :: ['Gallium nitrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is becoming routine among neurosurgical pediatric procedures. However, reports on anesthesia for @entity1 undergoing such procedures are rare. The aim of this series of cases was to demonstrate the precautions that should be taken and efficacy of the method used. CASE REPORT: Thirty-eight @entity1 younger than 2 years, who underwent neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy for the treatment of obstructive @entity1276 from 1999 to 2004 at the Biocor Instituto were evaluated retrospectively. The diagnosis, comorbidities, age, weight, anesthetic technique, monitoring, and intra- and @entity260 were evaluated. @entity1 , ages 1 week to 20 months, presented obstructive @entity1276 secondary to compression of the aqueduct of different etiologies. In thirty-five @entity1 anesthesia was induced by inhalational anesthetics and in 3 by intravenous anesthetics. Thirty-four @entity1 were monitored with electrocardiogram, pulse oxymeter, capnograph, and esophageal thermometer, while in 4 @entity1 it included also continuous invasive blood pressure monitoring. Fifteen @entity1 had balanced maintenance anesthesia with @entity3575 and @entity5161 , and 23 @entity1 received inhalational @entity5161 . Thirty-five @entity1 were extubated after the procedure in the surgical room and three in the ICU. Six @entity1 were transferred to the ICU after extubation. The following complications were observed: intraoperative @entity943 without hemodynamic repercussions (6 cases); two @entity1 presented @entity954 , but in only one the placement of an external derivation was necessary. The @entity260 included: @entity391 (6), @entity221 (4), @entity410 (2), @entity8822 (1), and stridor (1). CONCLUSIONS: Third ventriculostomy has a low incidence of complications, even in @entity1 younger than 24 months, as long as proper anesthetic and surgical procedures are used.

title: Anesthesia for endoscopic ventriculostomy for the treatment of XXXX . Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal spasm']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: We have previously demonstrated that following the adoptive transfer of immune cells, the regression of established pulmonary metastases from a weakly immunogenic @entity242 , MCA 105, required the collaboration of two T cell subsets. In this study, we found that the critical role played by @entity1961 + immune cells was to provide a helper function since @entity5 regression proceeded in the absence of @entity1961 + immune cells if exogenous @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ) was administered. To extend these observations, we analyzed the events leading to the induction and generation of @entity1961 + and @entity3414 + immune T cells after immunization of @entity19 with viable @entity5 cells admixed with Corynebacterium parvum. The basic protocol involved immunization, surgical excision of the immunization site on day 7, and challenge with viable @entity5 cells on day 21. The ability of @entity19 to reject @entity5 challenge provided a means to evaluate the occurrence of a systemic antitumor immunity. With the use of this experimental protocol, we have found that depletion of T cell subsets in vivo with either @entity1961 or @entity3414 monoclonal antibodies after active immunization abrogated the development of antitumor immunity. @entity19 immunized and depleted of @entity1961 + but not @entity3414 + T cells were able to reject @entity5 challenge if exogenous @entity2047 was given for 7 days. However, the rejection of @entity5 challenge required 3 days of additional exogenous @entity2047 administration. These results indicate that the induction of @entity3414 + immune T cells depended on the helper function of @entity1961 + T cells via the secretion of @entity2047 . In the absence of @entity1961 + immune lymphocytes, the expression of antitumor immunity by @entity3414 + immune cells could be facilitated by in vivo administration of exogenous @entity2047 . The induction of @entity1961 + immune T cells, on the other hand, occurred independently of the @entity3414 + T cell response because the transfer of spleen cells from @entity3414 + cell-depleted, immunized animals was able to restore antitumor reactivity in @entity1961 + cell-depleted, immunized @entity19 . These results demonstrate the intricate cellular interactions leading to the induction as well as the expression of antitumor immunity.

title: Cellular interactions and the role of @entity2047 in the expression and induction of immunity against a syngeneic XXXX @entity242 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) with @entity8 clamping, and to analyze the factors affecting postoperative renal function. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 466 consecutive @entity1 undergoing LPN using main renal artery clamping (Group A, n = 152) or segmental artery clamping (Group B, n = 314) from September 2007 to July 2015 in our department. @entity190 , operative time, warm @entity63 (WI) time, and renal function were compared between groups. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were applied to assess correlations of selected variables with postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reduction. Volumetric data and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of a subset of 60 @entity1 in Group B were compared with GFR to evaluate the correlation between these functional parameters in predicting preserved renal function after LPN. RESULTS: The novel technique slightly increased operative time, WI time and intraoperative @entity190 (P < 0.001), while it provided better postoperative renal function (P < 0.001) compared with conventional technique. The blocking method and @entity5 characteristics were independent factors affecting GFR reduction, while WI time was not independent factors. Correlation analysis showed that eGFR presented better correlation with GFR compared with kidney volume (R2 = 0.794 cf. R2 = 0.199) in predicting renal function after PN.. CONCLUSIONS: LPN with segmental artery clamping minimizes WI injury and provides for better early postoperative renal function compared with clamping the main renal artery. Kidney volume has a significantly inferior role compared with eGFR in predicting preserved renal function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A retrospective analysis of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with XXXX clamping and parameters that estimate postoperative renal function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['segmental renal artery']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['segmental renal artery']


abstract: The phagocytic index K, established from the rate of blood clearance of colloidal @entity505 , measures the phagocytic activity of RE macrophages in contact with the circulating blood. The intravenous injection of @entity31356 ( @entity18050 ) produces a marked stimulation of the phagocytic activity of RE macrophages. This response is higher in the female than in the male @entity19 . The phenotypic character "responsiveness of macrophage to @entity18050 " presents large individual variants in population of random bred albinos @entity19 . This character is submitted to polygenic regulation. Starting from a foundation population of 25 males and 25 females random bred albinos, @entity19 , two lines were separated by selective breeding for the character "responsiveness to @entity18050 ": a "high" responder line, KTH, and a "low" responder line, KTL. After 26 consecutive generations of selective breeding, KTH @entity19 present a very high response to @entity18050 while KTL @entity19 are almost irresponsive. The heritability of this character (h2) calculated from the interline divergence is of 12% plus or minus 1. This value of h2 indicates that the character investigated is determined by the cumulative effect of a group of about 27 independently segregating loci. The distribution of the character in (KTH plus KTL)F1 and their backcrosses with parental lines suggests that low responsiveness is dominant over high responsiveness. The genetic regulation of responsiveness to @entity18050 is independent from the dose administered. These results are discussed in relation to the importance of genetic factors controlling macrophage functions involved in lipid metabolism and in the specific mechanisms of immunity.

title: Genetic control of macrophage functions. I. Polygenic regulation of phagocytosis stimulation produced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31356 :: ('CHEBI:53753', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trioleate']

answer: @entity31356 :: (CHEBI:53753,Chemical) :: ['Glyceryl Trioleate']


abstract: After ipilimumab, @entity5457 , and @entity1199 , standard of care chemotherapy for @entity320 remains @entity2699 (response rate    9%). Despite this, many physicians hesitate to refer @entity1 to phase I protocols given a perceived lack of clinical benefit and potential for harm. To better understand the validity of these perceptions, the experience of all @entity1 with @entity320 treated on phase I trials sponsored by the National @entity5 Institute- @entity5 Therapy Evaluation Program (NCI-CTEP) from 1995 to 2011 were analyzed and compared with the pooled results of six contemporary phase III trials of @entity2699 . A total of 937 @entity1 with @entity320 were treated in 148 CTEP phase I trials. The majority were @entity1 with a median of two prior therapies (46% receiving prior @entity2699 ). Response and clinical benefit rates in these trials were not clinically different from those of @entity2699 (phase I: 6.3 and 26.8% vs. @entity2699 : 8.8 and 27.9%) although grades 3 and 4 @entity137 was significantly higher (54 vs. 28%). Efficacy and @entity137 were generally consistent within phase I subgroups (targeted agents, immunotherapies, or chemotherapeutics) though targeted therapy was associated with a lower response rate, immunotherapy with lower clinical benefit rate, and chemotherapy with higher incidence of grade 4 @entity137 . Thus, the perception of limited efficacy of phase I trials for @entity1 with @entity320 was disproven, whereas the perception of @entity137 was observed. However, this difference in @entity137 may have been largely because of the nature of phase I vs. phase III trials (i.e. more heavily pretreated) and because of the phase I trials often being multiagent as opposed to @entity2699 alone.

title: Similar efficacy for phase I trials in comparison with DTIC for advanced @entity320 : an analysis of XXXX outcomes in CTEP-sponsored phase I trials 1995-2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5457 :: ('MESH:C551177', 'Chemical') :: ['vemurafenib']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity130 is a process that can be divided into three different phases (inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation). Each is characterized by certain events that require specific components. However, wound @entity446 is not always a linear process; it can progress forward and backward through the phases depending on various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. If the wound- @entity446 process is affected negatively, this can result in chronic wounds. @entity102 demand many resources in the clinical daily routine. Therefore, local wound management and good documentation of the wound is essential for non-delayed wound @entity446 and prevention of the development of chronic wounds. During the wound- @entity446 process much energy is needed. The energy for the building of new cells is usually released from body energy stores and protein reserves. This can be very challenging for undernourished and malnourished @entity1 . @entity3147 is very common in geriatric @entity1 and @entity1 in catabolic phases of stress such as after injury or surgery. For that reason a close survey of the nutritional status of @entity1 is necessary to start supplementation quickly, if applicable. @entity130 is indeed a very complex process that deserves special notice. There are some approaches to develop guidelines but thus far no golden standard has evolved. Because wounds, especially chronic wounds, cause also an increasing economic burden, the development of guidelines should be advanced.

title: Basics in nutrition and wound XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic wounds']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Wound healing']

answer: @entity446 :: (MESH:C563468,Disease) :: ['healing']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Functional and postmortem studies suggest that the @entity550 ( @entity550 ) is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity162 ( @entity162 ). This anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study examined whether @entity162 @entity1 have smaller @entity550 gray matter volumes compared to healthy comparison subjects (HC). METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity162 @entity1 were compared to 28 age- and gender-matched HC. Subjects underwent a 1.5T MRI with 3D spoiled gradient recalled acquisition. Total @entity550 and medial and lateral subdivisions were manually traced by a blinded examiner. Images were segmented and gray matter volumes were calculated using an automated method. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance, with intracranial volume as covariate, showed that @entity162 @entity1 and HC did not differ in gray matter volumes of total @entity550 or its subdivisions. However, total @entity550 gray matter volume was significantly smaller in @entity308 @entity1 (n = 10) compared to euthymic @entity1 (n = 18). Moreover, total @entity550 gray matter volumes were inversely correlated with @entity308 symptom intensity, as assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. @entity550 gray matter volumes were not related to @entity1091 treatment, age at disease onset, number of episodes, or family history of @entity1316 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that abnormal @entity550 gray matter volumes are not a pervasive characteristic of @entity162 , but may be associated with specific clinical features of the disorder.

title: Orbitofrontal cortex gray matter volumes in XXXX @entity1 : a region-of-interest MRI study.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['OFC', 'orbitofrontal cortex']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Lansberg's hognose pitviper, Porthidium lansbergii lansbergii, inhabits northern Colombia. A recent proteomic characterization of its venom (J. Proteomics [2015] 114, 287-299) revealed the presence of @entity22180 ( @entity22180 ) accounting for 16.2% of its proteins. The two most abundant PLA2s were biochemically and functionally characterized. Pllans-I is a basic, dimeric enzyme with a monomer mass of 14,136  Da, while Pllans-II is an acidic, monomeric enzyme of 13,901  Da. Both have Asp49 in their partial @entity3689 sequences and, accordingly, are catalytically active upon natural or synthetic substrates. Nevertheless, these two enzymes differ markedly in their bioactivities. Pllans-I induces myonecrosis, @entity4 , and is lethal by intracerebro-ventricular injection in @entity19 , as well as cytolytic and anticoagulant in vitro. In contrast, Pllans-II is devoid of these effects, except for the induction of a moderate @entity4 . In spite of lacking myotoxicity, Pllans-II enhances the muscle damaging action of Pllans-I in vivo. Altogether, results further illustrate the divergent functional profiles of basic and acidic PLA2s in viperid venoms, and suggest that Pllans-I plays a myotoxic role in envenomings by P. l. lansbergii, whereas Pllans-II, apparently devoid of @entity137 , enhances @entity121 caused by Pllans-I.

title: Divergent functional profiles of acidic and basic XXXX in the venom of the snake Porthidium lansbergii lansbergii.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity22180 :: (18780(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['phospholipases A2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess incidence and natural history of umbilical @entity547 following sutured and sutureless @entity6675 closure. METHODS: With audit approval, we undertook a retrospective clinical record review of all @entity6675 closures in our institution (2007-2013). @entity1 demographics, @entity6675 closure method and umbilical @entity547 occurrence were recorded. Data, presented as median (range), underwent appropriate statistical analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 were identified, gestation 36  weeks (31-38), birth weight 2.39  kg (1-3.52) and 23 (43  %) were male. Fourteen @entity1 (26  %) underwent sutureless closure: 12 primary, 2 staged; and 39 (74  %) sutured closure: 19 primary, 20 staged. Sutured closure was interrupted sutures in 24 @entity1 , 11 pursestring and 4 not specified. Fifty @entity1 were followed-up over 53  months (10-101) and 22 (44  %) developed @entity14147 . There was a significantly greater @entity547 incidence following sutureless closure (p  =  0.0002). In sutured closure, pursestring technique had the highest @entity547 rate (64  %). Seven @entity1 underwent operative @entity547 closure; three secondary to another procedure. Seven @entity1 had their @entity547 resolve. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up and seven remain under observation with no reported complications. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant umbilical @entity547 incidence following sutureless and pursestring sutured @entity6675 closure. This has not led to complications and the majority have not undergone repair.

title: XXXX following @entity6675 closure: a common event?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical hernias']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

answer: @entity14147 :: (MESH:D006554,Disease) :: ['Umbilical hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS)-guided percutaneous biopsy in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity3478 . METHODS: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy was performed in 64 @entity1 who was diagnosed by CDUS. Puncture instruments included automatic core biopsy device and 14 to approximately 18G crude needle. All cases were identified by the operation and pathological examination. RESULTS: Tissue-obtained rate was 97% (62/64). Comparing preoperative pathological diagnosis with postoperative pathological diagnosis, we found the diagnostic correct rate was 97%. No complications resulted from this procedure. According to their pathological results, 33 @entity1 were treated with preoperative chemotherapy. The @entity5 sizes decreased, and 26 @entity1 saved their limbs and had normal functions. CONCLUSION: CDUS-guided percutaneous biopsy is safe and quick for the preoperative diagnosis and selecting appropriate surgical procedure for @entity3478 treatment.

title: [Application of ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy in the preoperative diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'bone tumor']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone tumors']


abstract: One hundred and thirteen @entity1 who were treated at the Kyushu University Hospital and other related hospitals were randomly assigned to 2 groups to compare the effect of twice daily administration of 200 mg each and that of 300 mg each of @entity800 ( @entity19001 ). The @entity1 included 41 cases with @entity55 , 18 with acute @entity3617 , 33 with chronic @entity3617 , 15 with @entity4595 with @entity281 , 3 with diffused panbronchiolitis, and 3 with other secondary infectious diseases. Fifty-five cases were administered 400 mg OFLX a day and 58 cases received 600 mg. The number of severe cases in the 600 mg group was greater than that in the 400 mg group. The ratios of general amelioration of clinical symptoms were 92.6% in the 400 mg group and 82.1% in the 600 mg group. Thus, the ratio of the 400 mg group was better than that of the 600 mg group. However, the ratio of significant amelioration in the 600 mg group was 35.7% which was better than that in the 400 mg group, 27.8%. For bacteriological effects the rate of disappearance and decrease in number of bacteria was 92% in the 400 mg group and was significantly better than that of the 600 mg group, 70%. The incidence of side effects in the 600 mg group was 22.4% and this was high in contrast to that in the 400 mg group, 3.6%. Most of the side effects in the 600 mg group involved symptoms of the central nervous system such as @entity22 . No significant differences were observed in incidences of abnormalities of laboratory tests at 1.8% and 1.7%, respectively. Safety in the 400 mg group were 96.4% which was significantly higher in number than those in the 600 mg group, 77.6%. Efficacy rates of twice daily administrations each with 200 mg and 300 mg OFLX for lower @entity1729 were 94.4 and 79.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the daily dose of 400 mg was the most effective.

title: [Clinical studies on the utility of @entity800 for lower XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleeplessness']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maternal @entity1032 is likely to have a profound impact in less developed parts of the world. A mother experiencing @entity1032 in a low income setting is at risk of providing sub-optimal care for her offspring which can have grave consequences in an environment where poverty, overcrowding, poor sanitation, @entity3147 , @entity66 and a lack of appropriate medical services may be pronounced. Given the profound consequences of antenatal and postnatal @entity1032 on maternal mental health, foetal wellbeing and childhood growth and development the factors associated with @entity1032 in a Sub-Saharan setting merit clarification and investigation. METHODS: A prospective survey design was conducted in Lagos. Self reporting questionnaire 20 items - SRQ20 - assessed the presence of @entity1032 . The WHO Multi-country Study on @entity1 's Health and Domestic Violence Questions assessed @entity1 's exposure to violence. Numerous variables potentially associated with @entity1032 including maternal socio-economic factors, maternal characteristics, obstetric variables and the characteristics of previous @entity1 were recorded. Direct logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of a number of variables on the likelihood of presence of @entity146 in the population. RESULTS: 189 @entity1 were surveyed. 7% met the criteria for experiencing a @entity146 according to their score on the SRQ-20. Of variables examined only the number of female @entity1 and the presence of inter personal violence predicted being a case of @entity1032 (OR = 3.400; 95%CI = 1.374 - 8.414 and OR = 5.676; 95%CI = 1.251 - 25.757 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Rates of @entity146 found in our study were lower than those previously observed internationally and in Africa, perhaps reflecting stigma about disclosing symptoms. The predictive nature of violence on @entity146 is in keeping with international evidence. Our study demonstrated that exposure to inter personal violence within the last 12 months and increasing numbers of female @entity1 predict the presence of @entity1032 in a sample of pregnant Nigerian @entity1 . Training and education for primary health care and obstetric health workers should highlight these areas.

title: Factors associated with XXXX in West Africa: a cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tropical diseases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['common mental disorder', 'mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['antenatal mental disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A high carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) has been related to @entity65 and mortality, but has not been previously evaluated in amputees. The aim of this study was to compare @entity122 between amputees and nonamputees. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 60 male @entity6250 and 86 male age-matched nonamputees. @entity122 was measured noninvasively using a Complior(  ) device. All @entity1 underwent laboratory investigations and anthropometry. The difference in @entity122 between amputee and nonamputees was estimated. Multivariate regression was used to adjust for differences between the groups as a result of potential confounders. RESULTS: @entity122 was higher in amputees than in nonamputees (10.8    1.9 m/sec versus 9.9    1.8 m/sec, P = 0.008, respectively). This difference remained even after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSION: A higher @entity122 was demonstrated in @entity6250 . Routine assessment of @entity122 may contribute to cardiovascular risk stratification in amputees.

title: Arterial stiffness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb amputees']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity6250 :: (MESH:D038061,Disease) :: ['lower limb amputees']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize adult @entity1 with @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ) with precise evaluation and to assess factors related to refractoriness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospital records of all our @entity1 with @entity3762 (n = 128) were evaluated in 2005 and followed-up until 2008. RESULTS: In 2005, 76% of @entity1 were 1-year @entity410 -free. @entity410 freedom increased to 82% during the 3-year follow-up. @entity410 freedom was not significantly associated with age, age at diagnosis, @entity302 duration, exposure to inappropriate initial @entity734 ( @entity734 ), or delay time between starting initial @entity734 and appropriate @entity734 . @entity1 constituted 78% of @entity1 with merely provoked @entity410 . In 58% of @entity1 with recent @entity410 , one to two avoidable precipitating factors, such as lack of sleep, @entity167 , and forgetting to take @entity734 , were observed. In 2008, all @entity1 with no medication, 91% of monotherapy @entity1 , 60% of @entity1 on two @entity734 , and 14% of @entity1 on three @entity734 were @entity410 -free. CONCLUSIONS: Most of @entity1 with @entity3762 can be successfully treated with monotherapy. Refractory @entity410 in some @entity1 may be because of avoidable factors, especially in young @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a follow-up study in a single-center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsies', 'IGEs']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['antiepileptic drug', 'AED']

answer: @entity3762 :: (MESH:C562694,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic generalized epilepsies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in the dimension and volume of feline @entity242 (FISSs) before (in vivo) and after surgical excision and @entity406 fixation (ex vivo) as determined by measurements obtained from 2-D and 3-D CT images. SAMPLE 10 excised FISSs. PROCEDURES The maximum length, width, and depth of each FISS were measured on contrast-enhanced 2-D CT images of the @entity5 obtained in vivo and ex vivo. Those measurements were used to estimate @entity5 volume with the standard ellipsoid formula. @entity5 volume was also calculated from 3-D CT images with software that used a volume-rendering algorithm. Student paired t tests were used for comparisons between the in vivo and ex vivo assessments. RESULTS Small decreases were detected in maximum @entity5 length, width, and depth between the in vivo and ex vivo assessments; however, @entity5 length was the only dimension that decreased significantly between the 2 assessments. Median @entity5 volume decreased significantly between the in vivo and ex vivo assessments regardless of the method used to estimate it. @entity5 volume estimated by the ellipsoid formula was significantly lower than that estimated by the 3-D CT software at both assessments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that shrinkage of FISSs following excision and @entity406 fixation was small and may be less than that of grossly normal tissue. @entity5 volume estimated by the ellipsoid formula was consistently less than that estimated by 3-D CT software and should not be used when accuracy of @entity5 volume is of particular concern and advanced CT imaging is available.

title: Changes in the dimension and volume of feline XXXX following @entity406 fixation as determined by use of the ellipsoid volume formula and three-dimensional computed tomography software.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['injection-site sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['injection-site sarcomas']


abstract: Altered body rhythmicity and deregulated @entity16067 gene expression may cause circadian disruption, which can lead to immune dysregulation and chronic inflammatory diseases. @entity5395 ( @entity5395 ) polymorphisms have been associated with circadian disruption and changed secretion of cytokines involved in @entity32 . @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ) are multifactorial diseases resulting from complex interaction among environmental/microbial factors and the intestinal immune system, triggering an abnormal immune response in genetically susceptible individuals. We evaluated the influence of a polymorphism of the @entity16067 gene @entity5395 on susceptibility and behavior of these @entity29 . The @entity34333 variant of the @entity5395 gene was assessed in 1082 @entity30 and 972 @entity31 @entity1 , 754 of whom had been diagnosed <18 yrs of age, and 1311 unrelated healthy controls. Allele and genotype frequencies of @entity34333 were significantly increased in both @entity30 (p = 1.6   10(-4), odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.63) and @entity31 (p =   .012, OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.05-1.48) @entity1 . Difference between frequency distributions remained statistically significant after stratifying the cohort according to age at diagnosis for @entity30 , but not for @entity31 . Statistically significant association was found between @entity5395 polymorphism and use of immunosuppressive drugs in pediatric @entity30 @entity1 (p <   .001) and with stricturing and fistulizing disease behavior in adult @entity30 @entity1 (p = .031). In conclusion, results of this association study suggest a possible role of @entity5395 polymorphism in determining susceptibility to @entity30 and @entity31 and phenotypic characteristics of @entity30 . In particular, the @entity34333 variant of the @entity5395 gene is associated with a more aggressive form of @entity30 , highlighted by higher use of immunosuppressants and more frequent stricturing and fistulizing disease behaviors, as well as early onset of @entity30 . This is a descriptive study, and functional data are needed to prove a causal relationship; nonetheless, involvement of the @entity16067 gene machinery in the susceptibility and the behavior of @entity29 may suggest new pathophysiological mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches.

title: Association study of a polymorphism in @entity16067 gene @entity5395 and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Both early reperfusion and decompressive craniectomy have proved beneficial in the treatment of large space-occupying "malignant" @entity64 . The aim of this study was to directly compare the benefit of reperfusion with that of craniectomy and to study the effects of combined treatment in a @entity35 model of focal @entity2806 . METHODS: @entity2806 was introduced in 28 @entity35 . Four groups were investigated: (1) no treatment, (2) decompressive craniectomy, (3) reperfusion, and (4) reperfusion and craniectomy as treatment at 1 hour after @entity2500 . Perfusion- and diffusion-weighted MRI were performed serially from 0.5 to 6 hours after @entity2500 . RESULTS: The 6-hour DWI-derived hemispheric lesion volumes in the reperfusion group (10.2+/-3.9%), the craniectomy group (23.0+/-6.4%), and the combination group (21.8+/-12.4) were significantly smaller than that in the control group (44.1+/-5.4%) (P<0.05). Reperfusion, craniectomy, and combined treatment led to higher perfusion in the cortex compared with the control group, whereas only reperfused animals achieved significantly higher perfusion in the basal ganglia. In 5 animals, combined reperfusion and decompressive craniectomy resulted in an early contrast media enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: Early reperfusion and craniectomy were shown to be effective in decreasing @entity1188 volume by improving cerebral perfusion. Reperfusion remains the best therapy in malignant @entity64 . Combined treatment yields no additional benefit compared with single treatment, probably because of early blood-brain barrier breakdown.

title: Decompressive craniectomy, reperfusion, or a combination for early treatment of acute "malignant" cerebral XXXX in @entity35 ? Potential mechanisms studied by MRI.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'Cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['hemispheric stroke']


abstract: 1. Severe foot and hock @entity1909 in broiler @entity1573 can reduce growth rate and increase susceptibility to @entity2348 , affecting both profitability and welfare. However, little is known about the underlying physiological changes associated with foot and hock lesions. 2.   This study compared global hepatic gene expression in control birds and those with @entity3265 -induced foot and hock lesions using Agilent 44   K @entity1573 oligonucleotide microarrays (8 birds per group). 3.   In total, 417 genes were differentially expressed of which 174 could be mapped onto the genome. Genes associated with energy metabolism, thyroid hormone activity and cellular control were affected, while there was also evidence of an up-regulation of genes linked to a pro-inflammatory response. 4.   It is conceivable that @entity158 is the underlying cause for the observed changes in energy metabolism genes. 5.   Changes in hepatic gene expression provide new information on how a @entity1573 's physiological mechanisms alter to cope with foot and hock lesions. The findings support other data indicating that birds with increased severity of lesions are likely to be in @entity158 and that growth will be compromised. Reduction of the incidence of @entity1909 by improved husbandry should therefore benefit both welfare and commercial performance.

title: Effects of contact XXXX on hepatic gene expression in broilers.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['dermatitis']


abstract: @entity1 secretory component (SC) was isolated from colostral whey, and the binding of 125I-SC to purified IgA and IgM monoclonal proteins was studied using two methods to separate free from immunoglobulin-bound 125I-SC: a) gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and b) precipitation of 125I-SC-Ig complexes with anti-Ig antibody. Both IgA dimeric proteins and IgM pentamers bound 125I-SC with approximately one SC-binding site per mole of polymer and similar affinity. Assuming a reversible equilibrium, an apparent association constant congruent to 10-8 M-1 was calculated to govern the binding of 125I-SC to immunoglobulin polymers. The assignment of a single association constant may be an oversimplication, particularly for the case of IgA polymers, since evidence was obtained that @entity1520 bonds were formed in the 125I-SC-IgA complex. Despite the complexity of the reaction, binding of 125I-SC to both IgA and IgM polymers could be analyzed by standard methods of saturation analysis, and both were shown to have a similar affinity for 125I-SC. No differences were noted in the affinity of 125I-SC binding to the @entity5727 and IgA2 subclasses. Binding of monomeric IgA and IgM proteins could not be measured and was at least 100-fold lower than that found for IgA and IgM polymers. Complexes of 125I-SC with IgA dimers were presumed to involve covalent bond formation, since these complexes did not dissociate in @entity2097 - @entity5828 . One IgA2 trimer did not form a covalent bond since it was completely dissociated in @entity2097 . In contrast, 125I-SC-IgM complexes were dissociated in denaturing solvent, indicating that such complexes were held together primarily by non-covalent bonds. Experiments with (Fc)5 mu isolated by high temperature tryptic digestion of IgM showed that binding of 125I-SC was to the Fc region of IgM proteins. It was suggested that the binding of SC with similar affinity to both IgA and IgM polymers may be important in the biologic function of both these immunoglobulin classes.

title: A study of the association of XXXX secretory component with IgA and IgM proteins.

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In many @entity5 , @entity4293 ( @entity4293 ) and @entity18916 ( @entity18916 ) are coexpressed, supporting the possibility that @entity4293 / @entity18916 system can mediate important signals for @entity5 progression through paracrine/autocrine mechanisms. In @entity1149 the clinical relevance of the expression of @entity18916 remains to be investigated. METHODS: Fifty-four lung @entity420 of mixed histologic type from @entity1 with stage I and II @entity5 were assayed by quantitative immunohistochemistry for the expression of @entity4293 and @entity18916 . RESULTS: @entity4293 and @entity18916 were expressed in a wide range of intensity in the cytoplasm of @entity5 cells, and their values showed a positive correlation. @entity18916 , but not @entity4293 , was expressed by plasma cells infiltrating the @entity5 stroma. @entity4293 and @entity18916 were not associated with age, @entity5 diameter, or histopathologic grading, whereas they were directly associated with lymph node involvement at presentation. Cox regression analysis, using @entity4293 and @entity18916 as continuous covariates, showed that the covariate levels were directly associated with the risk of @entity204 and @entity3 . @entity1 whose @entity5 coexpressed high levels of @entity4293 and @entity18916 showed the highest risk of @entity3 (relative risk, 5.89; 95% CI, 2.1-16.6; P = .0003) and @entity204 (relative risk, 6.24; 95% CI, 1.6-23.9; P = .0033). The presence of @entity18916 -positive plasma cells in the @entity5 stroma was associated with a more favorable survival rate independently from the @entity4293 status of the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The paracrine/autocrine signaling through @entity4293 / @entity18916 could be important in early-stage @entity2220 progression.

title: @entity4293 and @entity4293 receptor type 1 expression in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4293 :: ('5744', 'Gene') :: ['PTHrP', 'parathyroid hormone-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity18916 :: ('5745', 'Gene') :: ['PTHrP type 1 receptor', 'PTH1R']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: This study is the first study that addresses @entity734 associated fatalities in Jordan. It is aimed to give a close picture to the demography, toxicological data, manner, cause of @entity204 and other associated findings in such cases. Postmortem forensic pathology reports for all autopsies examined in the National Institute of Forensic Medicine were reviewed over a 5-year period and @entity734 associated deaths were selected. The study revealed that 44 cases (0.76%) out of the 5789 total autopsies were attributed to @entity734 associated deaths. The age range was from 20 to 60 years (mean+/-S.D.=32.7+/-7.2). More than 80% of cases were Jordanian males. The reported abuse substances as single drug or in combination were @entity167 in 56.8%, @entity1286 36.4%, @entity4521 15.9%, @entity1245 in 11.4% and @entity2072 in one body packer case. Surprisingly, neither a case with @entity4944 or @entity4944 analogue, nor with marijuana or @entity284 was recorded. In 75% of cases the @entity204 was accidental and only one case was reported to be suicidal, while in 18.2% and 4.5% @entity204 was due to @entity944 and road traffic accidents, respectively. Regarding the cause of @entity204 , it was related to @entity1445 in 50% of cases and in 34.1%, 11.4% and 4.5% of cases it was attributed to drug related medical complications, non-drug related complications, and @entity130 , respectively. @entity167 was mainly associated with accidental @entity204 ; @entity1286 and @entity4521 were associated with @entity1445 and abused through intravenous route. Injection marks were reported in 56.8% of cases and in 52.3% @entity204 occurred at home. This study confirmed the variation in the incidence and type of abused substances in Jordan compared with different countries.

title: Current trends in XXXX associated fatalities - Jordan, 2000-2004.

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['drug overdose']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug abuse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite overall improvements in @entity65 therapies and outcomes, medication nonadherence remains an important barrier to effective secondary prevention of @entity66 . HYPOTHESIS: Long-term medication adherence in outpatients with stable @entity66 is impacted by demographic and clinical factors. METHODS: We examined data from the prospective international Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry. Analyses were derived from 25   737 @entity1 with established @entity66 with complete adherence data at enrollment and at year 4. Adherence was defined as @entity1 ' self-report of taking medications based on class I American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for secondary prevention as defined, including antiplatelet agents, statins, and antihypertensive medications. RESULTS: Among @entity1 with @entity66 , 12   500 (48.6%) were deemed adherent to guideline-recommended medications. Adherent @entity1 were younger, white, and had @entity66 . Hispanic and East Asian @entity1 were less likely to be adherent as compared with white @entity1 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-0.88; and OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53-0.83, respectively). @entity1 who had a nonfatal MI or underwent coronary angioplasty/stenting during follow-up were more likely to be adherent compared with @entity1 without these events (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.25-2.38; and OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.72-2.67, respectively). On the other hand, nonfatal @entity64 during follow-up was inversely associated with adherence (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Using a large international registry of outpatients with @entity66 , we found that age, region, race/ethnicity, and incident cardiovascular events were predictive of long-term guideline adherence for secondary prevention, suggesting that certain @entity1 groups may benefit from targeted interventions to improve adherence.

title: Predictors of long-term adherence to evidence-based @entity65 medications in outpatients with stable XXXX : findings from the REACH Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular-disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['less polyvascular disease', 'atherothrombotic disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['atherothrombotic disease']


abstract: @entity2685 ( @entity2685 ) is a severe @entity16 that causes functional impairment of the affected upper limb. Imaging studies play an essential role in differentiating between preganglionic and @entity130 , a distinction that is crucial for optimal treatment planning. Findings at standard myelography, computed tomographic (CT) myelography, and conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging help determine the location and severity of @entity130 . MR imaging sometimes demonstrates signal intensity changes in the spinal cord, and enhancement of nerve roots and paraspinal muscles at MR imaging indicates the presence of root avulsion @entity130 . New techniques including MR myelography, diffusion-weighted neurography, and Bezier surface reformation can also be useful in the evaluation and management of @entity2685 . MR myelography with state-of-the-art technology yields remarkably high-quality images, although it cannot replace CT myelography entirely. Diffusion-weighted neurography is a cutting-edge technique for visualizing postganglionic nerve roots. Bezier surface reformation allows the depiction of entire intradural nerve roots on a single image. CT myelography appears to be the preferred initial imaging modality, with standard myelography and contrast material-enhanced MR imaging being recommended as additional studies. Work-up will vary depending on the equipment used, the management policy of peripheral nerve surgeons, and, most important, the individual @entity1 .

title: XXXX : clinical manifestations, conventional imaging findings, and the latest imaging techniques.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'postganglionic injuries']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['BPI', 'Brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['Brachial plexus injury']