abstract: INTRODUCTION: Autoantibodies and clinical manifestations in @entity6558 / @entity6017 (PM/ @entity3918 ) are affected by both genetic and environmental factors. The high prevalence of @entity3918 and anti-Mi-2 in Central America is thought to be associated with the high UV index of the area. The prevalences of autoantibodies and the clinical manifestations of PM/ @entity3918 were evaluated comparing two cohorts in Mexico. METHODS: Ninety-five Mexican @entity1 with PM/ @entity3918 (66 @entity3918 , 29 PM; 67 Mexico City, 28 Guadalajara) were studied. Autoantibodies were characterized by immunoprecipitation using 35S- @entity1853 labeled K562 cell extract. Clinical information was obtained from medical records. RESULTS: @entity3918 represented 69% of PM/ @entity3918 and anti-Mi-2 was the most common autoantibody (35%), followed by anti-p155/140 (11%); however, anti-Jo-1 was only 4%. The autoantibody profile in adult-onset @entity3918 in Mexico City versus Guadalajara showed striking differences: anti-Mi-2 was 59% versus 12% (P = 0.0012) whereas anti-p155/140 was 9% versus 35% (P = 0.02), respectively. A strong association of anti-Mi-2 with @entity3918 was confirmed and when clinical features of anti-Mi-2 (+) @entity3918 (n = 30) versus anti-Mi-2 (-) @entity3918 (n = 36) were compared, the shawl sign (86% versus 64%, P < 0.05) was more common in the anti-Mi-2 (+) group (P = 0.0001). Levels of @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) were higher in those who were anti-Mi-2 (+) but they responded well to therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-Mi-2 has a high prevalence in Mexican @entity3918 and is associated with the shawl sign and high CPK. The prevalence of anti-Mi-2 and anti-p155/140 was significantly different in Mexico City versus Guadalajara, which have a similar UV index. This suggests roles of factors other than UV in anti-Mi-2 antibody production.

title: Implications in the difference of anti-Mi-2 and -p155/140 autoantibody prevalence in two XXXX cohorts from Mexico City and Guadalajara.

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity6017 :: (MESH:D003882,Disease) :: ['dermatomyositis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the diagnostic capability of the full @entity5995 and inner retinal thickness measures in differentiating individuals with @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) from those without @entity16 and non-diabetic controls. METHODS: Individuals with (n=44) and without (n=107) @entity3949 and non-diabetic control (n=42) @entity1 underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). Retinal thickness in the central 1mm zone (including the fovea), parafovea and perifovea was assessed in addition to @entity393 (GCC @entity15821 ) and focal loss volume (GCC FLV), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. @entity3949 was defined using a modified @entity16 score (NDS) recorded on a 0-10 scale, wherein, NDS >= 3 indicated @entity16 and NDS indicated <3 no @entity16 . Diagnostic performance was assessed by areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), 95 per cent confidence intervals (CI), sensitivities at fixed specificities, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), negative likelihood ratio (-LR) and the cut-off points for the best AUCs obtained. RESULTS: The AUC for GCC FLV was 0.732 (95% CI: 0.624-0.840, p<0.001) with a sensitivity of 53% and specificity of 80% for differentiating @entity1897 from controls. Evaluation of the LRs showed that GCC FLV was associated with only small effects on the post-test probability of the disease. The cut-off point calculated using the Youden index was 0.48% (67% sensitivity and 73% specificity) for GCC FLV. For distinguishing those with @entity16 from those without @entity16 , the AUCs of retinal parameters ranged from 0.508 for the central zone to 0.690 for the inferior RNFL thickness. For distinguishing those with moderate or advanced @entity16 from those with mild or no @entity16 , the inferior RNFL thickness demonstrated the highest AUC of 0.820, (95% CI: 0.731-0.909, p<0.001) with a sensitivity of 69% and 80% specificity. The cut-off-point for the inferior RNFL thickness was 97 m, with 81% sensitivity and 72% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The GCC FLV can differentiate individuals with @entity3949 from healthy controls, while the inferior RNFL thickness is able to differentiate those with greater degrees of @entity16 from those with mild or no @entity16 , both with an acceptable level of accuracy. Optical coherence tomography represents a non-invasive technology that aids in detection of retinal structural changes in @entity1 with established @entity3949 . Further refinement of the technique and the analytical approaches may be required to identify @entity1 with minimal @entity16 .

title: Diagnostic capability of retinal thickness measures in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy disability', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy', 'Diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['DPN', 'diabetic peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion cell complex (GCC) global loss volume']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['diabetic peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: In the period from November 1987 to March 1990 17 supracondylar @entity3330 were treated a.m. Orthofix at the orthopaedic departments in Roskilde and K  ge, Denmark. The @entity174 were classified according to M  ller et al. There were 13 in group 2A and four in group 3A. In 16 cases the @entity174 occurred after minimal @entity130 . Time of operation was 55 minutes (30-150). The @entity1 were fully mobilized after 16 days. The dynamizising procedure took place after six weeks, and the fixator was removed when the @entity174 was healed after 11 weeks. According to Neer's scoring system the results were good or excellent in 12 cases, and fair on one case. In all @entity1 we found solid bony union. In seven cases we found pin infection. It was not necessary to operate because of the infection in any of these cases. Four cases were complicated with dislocation of the @entity174 because of bad locking at the ball joint of the fixator. We find this method easy to use in contrast to traditional osteosynthesis. The @entity1 are quickly mobilized. It is easy to correct the @entity174 and the method gives solid bony healing.

title: [Distal XXXX treated by external fixation with Orthofix].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['femoral fractures']


abstract: Many peptide hormones are synthesized as larger precursors which undergo endoproteolytic cleavage at paired basic residues to generate a bioactive molecule. Morphological evidence from several laboratories has implicated either the TGN or immature secretory granules as the site of prohormone cleavage. To identify the site where prohormone cleavage is initiated, we have used retrovirally infected @entity35 anterior pituitary GH3 cells which express high levels of @entity48045 (proSRIF) (Stoller, T. J., and D. Shields. J. Cell Biol. 1988. 107:2087-2095). By incubating these cells at 20 degrees C, a temperature that prevents exit from the Golgi apparatus, proSRIF accumulated quantitatively in the TGN and no proteolytic processing was evident; processing resumed upon shifting the cells back to 37 degrees C. After the 20 degrees C block, the cells were mechanically permeabilized and pro-SRIF processing determined. Cleavage of proSRIF to the mature hormone was approximately 35-50% efficient, required incubation at 37 degrees C and @entity855 hydrolysis, but was independent of @entity3007 or cytosol. The in vitro @entity855 -dependent proSRIF processing was inhibited by inclusion of @entity503 , a weak base, CCCP, a protonophore, or by preincubating the permeabilized cells with low concentrations of @entity8816 , an inhibitor of vacuolar-type @entity855 -dependent proton pumps. These data suggest that: (a) proSRIF cleavage is initiated in the TGN, and (b) this reaction requires an acidic pH which is facilitated by a Golgi-associated vacuolar-type ATPase. A characteristic feature of polypeptide hormone-producing cells is their ability to store the mature hormone in dense core secretory granules. To investigate the mechanism of protein sorting to secretory granules, the budding of nascent secretory vesicles from the TGN was determined. No vesicle formation occurred at 20 degrees C; in contrast, at 37 degrees C, the budding of secretory vesicles was approximately 40% efficient and was dependent on @entity855 , @entity3007 , and cytosolic factors. @entity5222 formation was inhibited by @entity3007 gamma S suggesting a role for @entity3007 -binding proteins in this process. @entity5222 budding was dependent on cytosolic factors that were tightly membrane associated and could be removed only by treating the permeabilized cells with high salt. After high salt treatment, vesicle formation was dependent on added cytosol or the dialyzed salt extract. The formation of nascent secretory vesicles contrasts with @entity48045 processing which required only @entity855 for efficient cleavage. Our results demonstrate that prohormone cleavage which is initiated in the TGN, precedes vesicle formation and that processing can be uncoupled from the generation of nascent secretory vesicles.

title: Prohormone processing in the trans-Golgi network: endoproteolytic cleavage of XXXX and formation of nascent secretory vesicles in permeabilized cells.

entities_list: @entity48045 :: ('MESH:C028456', 'Chemical') :: ['prosomatostatin']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity48045 :: (MESH:C028456,Chemical) :: ['prosomatostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an intensive, multifactorial cardiovascular risk reduction intervention in a clinic-based setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was a pragmatic, cluster randomized trial, with the @entity6 clinic as the unit of randomization. Clinics were randomly assigned to either continue their usual care (n = 5) or to apply an intensive intervention aimed at the optimal control of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors and @entity4854 (n = 4). To account for clustering, mixed model regression techniques were used to compare differences in @entity65 risk factors and HbA1c. Analyses were performed both by intent to treat and as treated per protocol. RESULTS: Nine clinics completed the study; 1,461 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and no previous cardiovascular events were enrolled. After 2 years, @entity1 in the interventional group had significantly lower BMI, HbA1c, LDL @entity165 , and @entity412 levels and significantly higher HDL @entity165 level than did the usual care group. The proportion of @entity1 reaching the treatment goals was systematically higher in the interventional clinics (35% vs. 24% for LDL @entity165 , P = 0.1299; 93% vs. 82% for HDL @entity165 , P = 0.0005; 80% vs. 64% for @entity1674 , P = 0.0002; 39% vs. 22% for HbA1c, P = 0.0259; 13% vs. 5% for blood pressure, P = 0.1638). The analysis as treated per protocol confirmed these findings, showing larger and always significant differences between the study arms for all targets. CONCLUSIONS: A multifactorial intensive intervention in @entity164 2 @entity6 is feasible and effective in clinical practice and it is associated with significant and durable improvement in HbA1c and @entity65 risk profile.

title: Feasibility and effectiveness in clinical practice of a multifactorial intervention for the reduction of cardiovascular risk in XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity6 : the 2-year interim analysis of the MIND.IT study: a cluster randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cigarette smoking, which is presently associated with more than 20% of adult deaths in the United States, is a large confounder to radiation risk estimates derived from epidemiology data. Astronauts and other exposed groups are classified as @entity4498 ( @entity4498 ), defined as lifetime use of less than 100 cigarettes. In the past, radiation risk estimates have been made using average U.S. population rates for @entity5 and all causes of @entity204 , which may lead to overestimation of radiation risks for @entity4498 . In this report, age- and gender-specific radiation carcinogenesis risk calculations for @entity4498 and the average U.S. population are compared. Lung is the major tissue site for smoking and radiation-related @entity5 . However, other radiogenic @entity5 where @entity286 has been shown to increase population @entity5 rates are esophagus, oral cavity, salivary gland, bladder, stomach, liver, @entity14 . After adjusting U.S. @entity5 rates to remove smoking effects, radiation risks for lung and other @entity5 were estimated using the multiplicative risk model and a mixture model, with weighted contributions for additive and multiplicative risk transfer. Radiation mortality risks for @entity4498 were reduced compared to the average U.S. population by more than 20% and 50% in the mixture model and multiplicative transfer models, respectively. The authors discuss possible mechanisms of @entity5 risks from radiation and @entity286 that suggest multiplicative effects could occur. These results suggest that improved understanding of possible synergisms between @entity5 initiators and promoters, such as radiation and @entity286 , would greatly improve risk estimates and reduce uncertainties for differentially exposed groups, including @entity4498 .

title: Radiation carcinogenesis risk assessments for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4498 :: ('OMIM:604588', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'never-smokers']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, and leukemia']

answer: @entity4498 :: (OMIM:604588,Disease) :: ['never-smokers']


abstract: DNA sequences that arrest transcription by either eukaryotic RNA polymerase II or @entity526 RNA polymerase have been identified previously. Elongation factors SII and GreB are RNA polymerase-binding proteins that enable readthrough of arrest sites by these enzymes, respectively. This functional similarity has led to general models of elongation applicable to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic enzymes. Here we have transcribed with phage and bacterial RNA polymerases, a @entity1 DNA sequence previously defined as an arrest site for RNA polymerase II. The phage and bacterial enzymes both respond efficiently to the arrest signal in vitro at limiting levels of @entity9953 . The @entity526 polymerase remains in a template-engaged complex for many hours, can be isolated, and is potentially active. The enzyme displays a relatively slow first-order loss of elongation competence as it dwells at the arrest site. Bacterial RNA polymerase arrested at the @entity1 site is reactivated by GreB in the same way that RNA polymerase II arrested at this site is stimulated by SII. Very efficient readthrough can be achieved by phage, bacterial, and eukaryotic RNA polymerases in the absence of elongation factors if @entity46512 is substituted for @entity856 . These findings provide additional and direct evidence for functional similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription elongation and readthrough mechanisms.

title: Recognition of a XXXX arrest site is conserved between RNA polymerase II and prokaryotic RNA polymerases.

entities_list: @entity9953 :: ('CHEBI:17326', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside triphosphates']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The present study measuring resting energy expenditure (REE; kJ/d) longitudinally using indirect calorimetry in six elderly @entity1 aged > or =70 years following surgery for @entity173 , describes changes over time (days 10, 42 and 84 @entity130 ) and compares measured values to those calculated from routinely applied predictive equations. REE was compared to REE predicted using the Harris Benedict and Schofield equations, with and without accounting for the theoretical increase in energy expenditure of 35 % secondary to physiological @entity66 and surgery. Mean (95 % CI) measured REE (kJ/d) was 4704 (4354, 5054), 4090 (3719, 4461) and 4145 (3908, 4382) for days 10, 42 and 84, respectively. A time effect was observed for measured REE, P=0.003. Without adjusting for stress the mean difference and 95 % limits of agreement for measured and predicted REE (kJ/kg per d) for the Harris Benedict equation were 1 (-9, 12), 10 (2, 18) and 9 (1, 17) for days 10, 42 and 84, respectively. The mean difference and 95 % limits of agreement for measured and predicted REE (kJ/kg per d) for the Schofield equation without adjusting for stress were 8 (-3, 19), 16 (6, 26) and 16 (10, 22) for days 10, 42 and 84, respectively. After adjusting for stress, REE predicted from the Harris Benedict or Schofield equations overestimated measured REE by between 38 and 69 %. Energy expenditure following @entity174 is poorly understood. Our data suggest REE was relatively elevated early in recovery but declined during the first 6 weeks. Using the Harris Benedict or Schofield equations adjusted for stress may lead to overestimation of REE in the clinical setting. Further work is required to evaluate total energy expenditure before recommendations can be made to alter current practice for calculating theoretical total energy requirements of @entity173 @entity1 .

title: Resting energy expenditure measured longitudinally following XXXX compared to predictive equations: is an injury adjustment required?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stress of injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: Probiotics are live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Cell surface molecules of these micro-organisms are being studied in relation to their ability to interact with the host. The cell wall of lactobacilli possesses lipoteichoic acids (LTA) which are molecules with immunomodulatory properties. UV radiation (UVR) has been proposed as the main cause of @entity1489 because of its mutagenic and immunosuppressive effects. Photoprotection with some nutrition interventions including probiotics has recently been shown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the oral administration of purified LTA from @entity1905 can modulate the immune-suppressive effect of UVR and @entity1489 development in female Crl:SKH-1-hrBR @entity19 . For this purpose, two irradiation models were studied: (1) a chronic irradiation scheme consisting of daily irradiations during twenty consecutive days and (2) a long-term irradiation schedule, irradiating the animals three times per week, during 34 weeks for @entity5 development. The results showed that T-cells in the inguinal lymph node of LTA-treated @entity19 produced higher levels of (1) interferon-y and (2) a number of total, helper and cytotoxic T-cells compared with non-treated @entity19 . Moreover, a significant delay in @entity5 appearance was found in LTA-treated @entity19 . An increased IgA    cell number was found in the small intestine together with a higher number of activated dendritic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The latter results might be indicative of a direct effect of LTA in the gut, affecting the cutaneous immune system and restoring homeostasis through the gut-skin axis.

title: Lipoteichoic acid from XXXX as an oral photoprotective agent against UV-induced carcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumour', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity1905 :: ('568703', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity1905 :: (568703,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The root of Astragalus membranaceus, known as "huang-qi", is one of the most widely used Chinese herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of @entity741 . However, the mechanisms governing its therapeutic effects are largely unknown. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aims of the present study were to investigate the cardioprotective effect of the root extract of Astragalu membranaceus (EAM) in @entity741 and to explore its underlying mechanisms in ROS-mediated signaling cascade in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity3857 in EAM were analyzed using HPLC. The tests for the cardioprotective effects of EAM and its mechanisms were performed in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, the @entity35 model of persistent @entity741 was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. In vitro, the cardiomyocyte model of oxidative stress was mimicked by the direct free radical donor, @entity274 . RESULTS: In vivo, the increased @entity583 size and the increased serum levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), @entity908 kinase isoform MB (CK-MB), and cardiac troponin ( @entity35412 ) were significantly decreased by pre-treatment with EAM. Moreover, cardiac function, as assessed by  dP/dt, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), was dramatically improved. An oxidative stress biomarker, @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), was reduced, and the antioxidant enzyme @entity224 dismutase (SOD) was induced. In vitro, @entity274 -triggered myocardial cell death and cytoplasm @entity141 overload were blocked by treatment with EAM. Furthermore, the KATP channel blocker (5- @entity2033 , @entity5217 ) blocked the anti-apoptotic protective effect of EAM on cardiomyocytes injured by @entity274 . CONCLUSIONS: The cardioprotection of EAM was manifested as a protection of tissue structure and as a decrease in serum markers of @entity63 . The mechanisms underlying the EAM-mediated protective effects may involve improving cardiac function, attenuating the oxidative injury via a decrease in @entity1865 , a maintenance in SOD, and a reduction in free radical-induced @entity296 . Additionally, EAM enhanced the myocardial cell viability via arresting the influx of @entity141 to block cell death and opening mitochondrial KATP channels to reduce cell apoptosis.

title: Extracts from Astragalus membranaceus limit myocardial cell death and improve cardiac function in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial cell injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic diseases', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that lengthening contractions, in contrast to isometric contractions, readily result in sustained malfunctioning of the exercised muscles. The present study was performed to investigate whether an exercise period with many (240) lengthening contractions (LC) results in alterations in muscle high-energy @entity6546 and @entity15129 ( @entity15129 ) content, different from muscles performing a few (60) lengthening or a few (60) or many (240) isometric contractions (IC). Moreover, we sought for a possible cause(s) of the inability to replenish muscle glycogen stores following LC. @entity35 tibialis anterior muscles were subjected in vivo to either 60 or 240 LC or IC. Structural @entity121 occurred only after 240 LC. The fact that tissue glycogen levels declined to a similar extent during LC and IC suggests that the energy demand was comparable during both types of exercise. Nevertheless, the observation that on the one hand tissue stores of @entity3211 showed a greater decline, and on the other hand the tissue content of @entity15129 increased to a significantly higher level after LC than after IC, clearly indicates that muscle energy metabolism is more disturbed during LC than during IC. The high tissue levels of @entity15129 may contribute to impaired mechanical function as previously observed in muscles subjected to LC. In contrast to 240 IC, 24 hours after 240 LC, tissue glycogen stores and high-energy @entity1391 levels were not restored to control values. The present findings indicate that depressed glycogen synthase activity and impaired activity of the mitochondrial marker enzyme cytochrome C oxidase probably contribute to a continuous disturbance of energy metabolism in the exercised muscles during the 24 hours following 240 LC.

title: Acute and sustained effects of isometric and lengthening muscle contractions on high-energy XXXX and glycogen metabolism in @entity35 tibialis anterior muscle.

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity15129 :: ('MESH:D007291', 'Chemical') :: ['IMP', 'inosine monophosphate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity3211 :: ('MESH:D000227', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotides']

answer: @entity6546 :: (MESH:D010710,Chemical) :: ['phosphates']


abstract: The complete mitochondrial genome of @entity49702 (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata, Flustrellidridae) was sequenced using a transposon-mediated approach. All but one of the 36 genes were identified (trnS2). The genome is 13,026 bp long, being one of the smallest metazoan mitochondrial genomes sequenced to date with a unique gene order when compared to other Metazoa. The genome has an overall AT richness of 59.4%. We found seven regions of overlaps between tRNAs and protein-coding genes ranging from 2 to 11 nt, and seven regions of overlap between tRNAs, ranging from 1 to 8 nt, resulting in a total number of 46 overlapping nucleotides. Genes nad4, @entity49703 , @entity49704 , and nad3 are terminated by the abbreviated stop codon T and cytb is suggested to terminate on (ACT)AA; we postulate that mRNA editing is required to remove AC for @entity2796 to be functional in terminating translation. Phylogenetic analysis of @entity377 and @entity535 data place @entity49702 in the Lophotrochozoa. DNA for this study originated from two populations resulting in a contig consisting of multiple haplotypes. Twenty-seven SNP sites were detected, the majority occurring in @entity49705 and nad5. With @entity49705 already established as a marker in bryozoan studies, we advocate the further testing of nad5.

title: The complete mitochondrial genome of XXXX and the phylogenetic position of Bryozoa among the Metazoa.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity49702 :: ('97271', 'Species') :: ['Flustrellidra hispida', 'Flustrellidra']

answer: @entity49702 :: (97271,Species) :: ['Flustrellidra hispida']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the clinical signs, treatment and prognosis of strabismus after sub-Tenon's anesthesia for @entity231 surgery. METHODS: Eight @entity1 without previous strabismus developed incomitant @entity892 immediately after @entity231 surgery; the left eye was affected in five @entity1 and the right eye in three. Restrictive strabismus was diagnosed with the cover test, prisms, and active and passive ductions in all cases. In seven cases the deviation was vertical and in one @entity1 it was horizontal. The average deviation was 17.5 S.D. 9.84 (range 5-35) prismatic dioptres in primary position. The deviation increased looking upward in seven cases, and looking sideways to the left in the other. It was considered to be a good result if the @entity892 disappeared after treatment. RESULTS: Botulinum toxin was the first treatment applied in four @entity1 , but only one showed a good response and required no further therapy. Strabismus surgery was required in four cases, and prisms were adapted in three. Three @entity1 required two strabismus operations. A good result was achieved in all cases, with the average time interval being 10.12 (SD 5.5) months. CONCLUSIONS: Sub-Tenon's anesthesia may result in restrictive strabismus and incomitant @entity892 which does not resolve spontaneously. The inferior rectus is the most commonly affected muscle. Strabismus surgery is required to resolve the @entity892 in half of the cases. Good results have been achieved in all @entity1 .

title: [ @entity892 after sub-Tenon's anesthesia for XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on structural variations in the neuronal composition of myenteric @entity21 along the small intestine of various species are scarcely available. The aim of this study was to compare morphologically the @entity21 and neurons of different parts of this organ in the @entity1707 . METHODS: Wholemounts from jejunum and ileum of two 14-week-old @entity1707 were @entity575 impregnated. The number of morphologically defined neuron types I-VI were counted per cm2. To relate these numbers to the putative whole neuron population, all impregnated neuronal nucleoli were counted in the same areas. RESULTS: Morphologically classifiable, impregnated neurons ranged between 17.9 and 23.1% of the putative whole population as determined by neuronal nucleoli counting. The proportions of type I neurons (jejunum, 22-25%; ileum, 19%) and @entity528 (jejunum, 30%; ileum, 37%) were considerable in both segments. The proportion of @entity528 was about 30% in jejunum and 2% in ileum whereas the percentages of type IV (jejunum, 10%; ileum, 18%), type V (jejunum, 2%; ileum, 12%) and type VI neurons (jejunum, 3%; ileum, 11%) were higher in the ileum. All differences between jejunal and ileal percentages were significant as determined by chi square test. CONCLUSIONS: Ganglia from the upper jejunum and the lower ileum reveal distinct differences in terms of neuron type composition. We suggest that these morphological differences reflect well known functional differences, e.g. in terms of motility, between different parts of the small intestine.

title: Regional structural differences in the neuronal composition of myenteric XXXX along the @entity1707 small intestine.

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['type III neurons', 'type II neurons']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['ganglia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 is a disease resulting from extracellular deposition of fibrillar protein in various organs. Main @entity1582 are: primary ( @entity1582 ) and Secondary (AA). The kidney is usually involved, conferring and adverse prognosis. In the last decade there has been a change in the aetiology of @entity2783 . OBJECTIVES: To analyse the incidence of @entity1582 and @entity2783 in our current population as well as the aetiology of @entity2783 . To describe clinical outcomes, renal involvement and survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a descriptive analysis of all cases of @entity2783 diagnosed from 1992 to 2004 in our hospital. Diagnosis was assessed on histological criteria: positivity Congo Red stain. Clinical data, renal involvement, dialysis treatment and survival were analysed. RESULTS: 76 cases, 44 @entity1 , mean age 70.7 +/- 12. Types: 55 AA (72%), 21 @entity1582 (28%) @entity1582 . AA aetiology was: 66% @entity627 , 28% @entity166 , 6% others. Incidence for @entity1582 was 4.6 and for AA 12.2 cases/million. Renal involvement was present in 75% at diagnosis (69% @entity1011 clearance < 60 ml/min, 37% urinary protein > 3 g/24 hours). 21 cases (28%) progressed to @entity8 stage V in the 8.1 +/- 9.8 months follow up period, and 14 cases started dialysis treatment (10 @entity2033 , 4 CAPD). In 7 cases (33%) dialysis was not indicated due to their poor clinical condition, short life expectancy and bad quality of life. Mean global survival at diagnosis was 55% and 40% at 12 and 24 months ( @entity1582 58% and 19%; AA 55% and 44%). Mean survival from the start of dialysis was 30% and 5% at 12 and 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2783 has a low incidence in our population, the kidney is usually involved. @entity74 are the principal aetiology of @entity2783 . Long term survival is poor, specially for @entity1582 .

title: [Renal involvement in XXXX . Clinical outcomes, evolution and survival].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AA amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis', 'AL', 'Systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the impact of policies of immediate vs deferred treatment in @entity1 with few or infrequent @entity410 on quality of life (QoL) outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, unblinded study of immediate and deferred treatment. QoL data were collected by mail, using validated measures, for @entity1 living in the UK and without major @entity4207 . Baseline questionnaires were returned by 441 adult @entity1 ; 333 returned 2-year follow-up questionnaires. This analysis is based on 331 @entity1 (162 randomized to immediate, 169 to deferred treatment) returning both baseline and 2-year questionnaires. RESULTS: There were no significant differences at 2 years in QoL outcomes by treatment group. @entity1 randomized to deferred treatment were no more likely to @entity73 in general health, cognitive function, psychological well-being, or social function. The one area of functioning affected was driving, where those randomized to deferred treatment were disadvantaged. There were clear QoL impacts both of taking antiepileptic drugs and, to an even greater extent, of continuing @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: In treatment uncertain @entity1 , there is a clear trade-off between adverse effects of @entity410 and adverse effects of taking antiepileptic drugs, i.e., neither policy examined in our study was associated with overall quality of life gains or losses longer term.

title: Quality of life outcomes of immediate or delayed treatment of early epilepsy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['report impairments']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disability']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['single seizures']


abstract: @entity1229 is an effective oral anticoagulant drug. However, @entity1229 has a narrow therapeutic window with significant risks of @entity548 at therapeutic concentrations. Dosing is difficult and requires frequent monitoring. New oral anticoagulant agents are required to improve current anticoagulant therapy. Furthermore, while @entity1229 is effective in @entity66 , it does not provide more than 60% risk reduction compared with placebo in @entity49 and considerably lower risk reduction in terms of arterial @entity715 . @entity24772 is an oral pro-drug of @entity18422 , a synthetic small peptidomimetic with direct @entity556 inhibitory actions and anticoagulant activity. As an oral agent, @entity24772 has a number of desirable properties including a rapid onset of action, fixed dosing, stable absorption, apparent low potential for medication interactions, and no requirement for monitoring of drug levels or dose adjustment. It has a short plasma elimination half-life of about 4 hours in cases of unexpected @entity548 or need for reversal. Its main @entity137 relates to the development of abnormal liver biochemistry and/or @entity409 with "long-term" use of the drug. This usually occurs within the first 6 months of commencing therapy, with a small percentage of @entity1 developing @entity1087 . The biochemical abnormality usually resolves despite continuation of the drug. The cause of this @entity137 remains unknown. Clinical studies to date have shown that @entity24772 is noninferior to @entity1229 in @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with nonvalvular @entity955 , noninferior to standard therapy as acute and extended therapy of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), and superior to @entity1229 for the prevention of @entity1211 post-major orthopedic surgery. It has also been shown to be more effective than @entity117 alone for prevention of recurrent major @entity65 in @entity1 with recent @entity583 .

title: @entity24772 : direct XXXX inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity24772 :: ('MESH:C426686', 'Chemical') :: ['ximelagatran', 'Ximelagatran']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity18422 :: ('MESH:C109573', 'Chemical') :: ['melagatran']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin', 'Warfarin sodium']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: The natural history of @entity565 is not well known; its origin may go back to just after the birth. The aims of this study are: 1) studying the evolution of the symptomatology of a group of @entity1 suffering from recurrent @entity3617 of a moderate-severe level in the first two years of life; 2) inquiring some risk factors conditioning the evolution of it. One hundred @entity1 , aged from 16.6 to 53.4 months, suffering from moderate to severe recurrent @entity3617 , have been checked at the follow-up at the Broncopneumologic and Allergic Pediatric Unit of the SS Annunziata Hospital (Naples). Among the 100 @entity1 checked, 25 have been dropped at the follow-up; the difference between the sample checked and the one dropped at the follow-up is not statistically relevant. Four are variables examined: age, allergic medical history, number of @entity565 episodes, breast feeding, association or not of @entity483 . The evolution of the symptomatology has not been propitious, as, at the end of three years of analysis, 73.3% of the 5-year-old @entity1 had still persistent @entity565 . The risk factors of @entity565 recurrence are: parents smoking habits with a relative risk of 18 times more in @entity1 with disadvantageous evolution (R.R. = 18) and at a less measure the overcrowding of the bedroom (R.R. = 1.5). The age at the onset in of the symptomatology, the positive familiar medical history for @entity56 , the breast feeding and the @entity483 have not resulted statistically different between the group with advantageous evolution and the one with disadvantageous outcome. Passive smoking is a very disadvantageous prognostic factor; it may contribute to the disadvantageous evolution of the moderate to severe @entity3617 in the early childhood towards the recurrent or chronic @entity565 of the late childhood.

title: [Recurrent XXXX in the first years of life: a 3-year follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic illness']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['asthmatic bronchitis']


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of this study was to assess the value of breath-hold 3D @entity2287 -enhanced subtraction magnetic resonance angiography (GD-MRA) in the detection of transplant @entity2791 (TRAS). @entity1 AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 with suspected post-transplant @entity2791 were studied. GD-MRA was performed at 1.5T with a 3D fast spoiled gradient recalled echo (FSPGR) pulse sequence. Before injection of contrast medium, the 3D pulse sequence was performed to obtain a set of non-contrast images for subtraction purposes. Dynamic 3D imaging was performed simultaneously with the bolus injection of 40 ml of @entity7241 . Angiographic images were reconstructed using the Advantage Window workstation (version 2.0 GE Medical Systems) and subtraction was made with the pre-contrast image data. Any signal intensity cut-off or narrowing of more than 50% was regarded as significant @entity850 . Ultrasound Doppler (USD) study was performed with both colour and spectral studies. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) of greater than 2.0 m/s and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) greater than 120ms was regarded as positive for TRAS. These were then compared with the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the gold standard. RESULTS: A total of nine examinations performed in seven @entity1 were included in the analysis. MRA correlated with the DSA findings in eight examinations, with one false negative. USG correlated with DSA in six examinations, with two false negative and one false positive case. CONCLUSION: In our opinion, GD-MRA is a promising and non-invasive technique in the detection of TRAS.

title: Breath-hold 3D XXXX -enhanced subtraction MRA in the detection of transplant @entity2791 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate dimeglumine']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['acceleration time', 'AT']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: High molecular weight (MW) hyaluronate (HA) is an integral part of synovial fluid (SF), regulating many important physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Many of its effects depend on, or are reflected in, the concentration and MW of HA. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess simultaneously the concentration and MW of HA in SF obtained from @entity1641 with various arthritides: @entity625 ; chronic @entity625 , including @entity179 ( @entity179 ); and @entity5414 . The size-exclusion column was calibrated, using appropriate HA concentration and MW standards, before the high-performance liquid chromatographic assays of the SF samples. Calibration of the column disclosed that the maximal limit for MW estimation of HA was around 3 million. In control joints, MW of HA ranged from 2 to 3 x 10(6) (mean 2.5 x 10(6)) and did not differ significantly from MW of HA in SF from @entity1641 with acute or chronic @entity625 (mean 2 x 10(6); range 1.5 to 3 x 10(6)). Interestingly, a small amount of HA of moderately high MW (approx 1 to 1.5 x 10(6)) was detected in chromatograms of SF from infected joints. This degree of polymerization of SF HA was significantly (P < 0.01) lower, compared with that for control joints. There was no difference in mean (+/- SD) concentration of HA between control joints and joints with acute or chronic @entity625 (0.33 +/- 0.12 g/L vs 0.18 +/- 0.03 g/L or 0.23 +/- 0.12 g/L), indicating that SF HA concentration probably should not be used as a diagnostic marker for the condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Concentration and molecular weight distribution of hyaluronate in synovial fluid from clinically normal @entity1641 and XXXX with diseased joints.

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative joint disease', 'DJD']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic arthritis', 'acute traumatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['infectious arthritis']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: Localization and activity of five hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase, @entity859 triphosphatase, acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and leucylamino-peptidase) were evaluated histochemically in the epididymides of mature @entity235 . In the ductuli efferentes, cilia and apical parts of the epithelial cells displayed high activity of alkaline phosphatase and @entity859 triphosphatase. Strong activity of acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and leucylamino-peptidase was present in the basal and supranuclear zones of the epithelium of the ductuli efferentes. Stereocilia of all three segments of the @entity2461 showed a high activity of alkaline phosphatase. Positive @entity859 triphosphatase reaction was confined to the stereocilia of the initial segment. A complex pattern of acid phosphatase activity was observed in the middle segment. The subdivision of the middle segment in four subsegments was therefore suggested. In the epithelium of the initial segment only a few nonspecific esterase-positive cells were seen. The infranuclear and basal areas of the epithelium in the middle segment and the supranuclear zone of the terminal segment displayed distinct nonspecific esterase activity. The possible contribution of the hydrolases to the function of the epididymis is discussed.

title: [Histological localization of hydrolases in the epididymis of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['ductus epididymidis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethnic variations in @entity0 epidemiology and genetics have necessitated investigation of the spectra of @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutations in different populations. Knowledge of @entity5345 mutations in Chinese populations is still largely unknown. We conducted a multi-center study to characterize the spectra of @entity5345 mutations in Chinese @entity5344 @entity1 from Southern China. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A total of 651 clinically high-risk breast and/or @entity43 @entity1 were recruited from the Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry from 2007 to 2011. Comprehensive @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutation screening was performed using bi-directional sequencing of all coding exons of @entity5345 and @entity2674 . Sequencing results were confirmed by in-house developed full high resolution DNA melting (HRM) analysis. Among the 451 probands analyzed, 69 (15.3%) deleterious @entity5345 mutations were identified, comprising 29 in @entity5345 and 40 in @entity2674 . The four recurrent @entity5345 mutations ( @entity45621 , @entity45622 , @entity45623 and @entity45624 ) accounted for 34.5% (10/29) of all @entity5345 mutations in this cohort. The four recurrent @entity2674 mutations ( @entity45625 , @entity45626 , @entity45627 and @entity45628 ) accounted for 40% (16/40) of all @entity2674 mutations. Haplotype analysis was performed to confirm 1 @entity5345 and 3 @entity2674 mutations are putative founder mutations. Rapid HRM mutation screening for a panel of the founder mutations were developed and validated. CONCLUSION: In this study, our findings suggest that @entity5345 mutations account for a substantial proportion of @entity5344 in Southern Chinese population. Knowing the spectrum and frequency of the founder mutations in this population will assist in the development of a cost-effective rapid screening assay, which in turn facilitates genetic counseling and testing for the purpose of @entity5 risk assessment.

title: Identification of BRCA1/2 founder mutations in Southern Chinese XXXX @entity1 using gene sequencing and high resolution DNA melting analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'hereditary breast/ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The function of primary sensory neurons is to receive and transmit information from external environment and these neurons are able to release neuromediators from the activated peripheral endings. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of sensory nerves and administration of their @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) on the course of @entity656 ( @entity656 ). @entity1897 was performed by neurotoxic dose of @entity2951 (100 mg/kg). Single or repeated episodes of @entity656 were induced by @entity8629 infusion (10 microg/kg/h for 5 h). Five repeated @entity656 were performed once a week. @entity2951 at the dose which stimulates sensory nerves (0.5 mg/kg/dose) or @entity4655 (10 microg/kg/dose) was administrated before and during or after single induction of @entity656 , as well as, after each induction of repeated @entity656 . @entity35 were killed at the time 0, 3 or 9 h after single induction of @entity656 or two weeks after last induction of repeated @entity656 . @entity1897 aggravated @entity660 in @entity8629 -induced @entity656 . Treatment with stimulatory doses of @entity2951 or @entity4655 before and during single induction of @entity656 attenuated the @entity660 in morphological examination. This effect was also manifested by partial reversion of @entity656 evoked drop in DNA synthesis and pancreatic blood flow (PBF). Administration of @entity4655 after single @entity656 induction aggravated histologically manifested @entity660 . The further decrease in PBF and DNA synthesis was also observed. Animals with five episodes of @entity656 showed almost full pancreatic recovery two weeks after last induction of @entity656 concerning all parameters tested. In stimulatory doses of @entity2951 treated @entity35 , we observed the decrease in pancreatic amylase and fecal chymotrypsin activity, as well as, the drop in DNA synthesis. Similar but less pronounced effects were observed after treatment with @entity4655 . We conclude that effect of sensory nerves and @entity4655 on @entity656 is two-phase and time dependent. Stimulation of sensory nerves or the administration of @entity4655 during development of @entity656 exhibits protective effects against @entity660 induced by @entity8629 overstimulation. After induction of @entity656 , persistent activity of sensory nerves and presence of @entity4655 aggravate @entity660 and lead to functional insufficiency typical for chronic @entity788 .

title: Effect of sensory nerves and XXXX on the development of @entity8629 -induced @entity788 and pancreatic recovery.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic damage']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Ablation of sensory nerves']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['caerulein']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['mediator--calcitonin gene related peptide', 'CGRP']

answer: @entity4655 :: (24241(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CGRP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity259 by fine needle aspiration biopsy is a well known problem in thyroid pathology. METHODS: We evaluated telomerase activity (TA) in 85 fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples from @entity1 with thyroid nodules. Surgery samples from @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity652 were also analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty of the FNAB samples corresponded to @entity189 and were positive to telomerase assay (TA >10 Units). Among them, 4 @entity189 and 1 @entity1377 were labeled as indeterminate by FNAB cytological examination. Four percent false positive cases and no false negative cases for TA in FNABs were reported. FNAB samples from @entity652 were diagnosed as indeterminate by cytological examination, but they showed no detectable TA. @entity5 tissues from @entity1 with follicular or @entity3557 presented TA >10 Units, whereas follicular adenoma tissues (benign nodules) showed no TA. CONCLUSION: Our results showed a good correlation between TA in FNAB samples and @entity5 /nodule thyroid tissue. This suggested that use of TA as a biological marker of @entity5 might be a useful tool in the diagnosis of @entity259 or follicular thyroid @entity652 using FNAB samples.

title: Telomerase activity in fine needle aspiration biopsy samples: application to diagnosis of XXXX @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['follicular adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['follicular thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid follicular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Perineural invasion is a prominent clinical feature of @entity5 , which causes difficulty in curative resection. @entity6352 ( @entity6352 ), a potent neurotrophic factor, plays an important role in the invasive and metastatic behavior of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to examine the role of @entity6352 on @entity957 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity6352 expression in tissue samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Transwell assay, zymography, Western blot, reverse transcription-PCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were carried out to assess the effects of @entity6352 on @entity5 cells. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity5 tissues showed higher @entity6352 expression than that in normal tissues. We also found that application of @entity1 @entity6352 enhanced the cell migration ability of @entity1 @entity5 . Moreover, treatment with @entity6352 increased @entity1495 and @entity1550 expression in @entity5 . Inhibition of @entity1495 and @entity1550 in @entity5 cells by pharmacological inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies reduced @entity6352 -enhanced cell migration. Moreover, transfection with siRNA against @entity1550 inhibited @entity6352 -enhanced cell migration. Treatment with @entity6352 also increased ERK, @entity1435 and JNK phosphorylation, and @entity1178 DNA binding activity in @entity1 @entity5 cells. Inhibition of MAP kinase or @entity1178 also reduced @entity6352 -induced @entity5 cell migration. In migration-prone sublines, @entity5 cells showed a higher migration ability than that of the original @entity5 cells. Surprisingly, the enhancement of cell migratory activity in migration-prone sublines was reduced by a @entity6352 -neutralizing antibody. Importantly, @entity5 revealed higher @entity6352 expression. CONCLUSION: These results indicate a regulatory effect on cell migration by @entity6352 in oral @entity5 .

title: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces cell migration in XXXX @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancers', 'various cancers', 'oral cancer', 'migration-prone sublines of oral cancer', 'squamous cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1157 is a complex and serious complication whose frequency has not diminished. A bilidigestive @entity254 (Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy) is usually needed after complex injuries. Placement of an anastomotic stent is a matter of debate and to our knowledge there is no study that compares the results between stenting and not stenting the @entity254 . DESIGN: A retrospective review of medical records of @entity1 operated on for biliary reconstruction after @entity130 . SETTING: Tertiary care academic university hospital. @entity1 : A comparative study was performed of @entity1 operated on between 1995 and 1999, who were referred to our hospital for acute or elective reconstruction of the biliary tract following @entity130 . All @entity1 underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: those who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with a transanastomotic stent and those who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy without a transanastomotic stent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operative mortality, @entity409 , @entity3116 , reoperations, @entity260 , postoperative liver function tests. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 with high and @entity130 (Bismuth type III, IV; Strasberg D, E). Thirty-seven cases had reconstruction with the placement of a transanastomotic stent and 26 did not have a stent placed. No operative mortality was observed. The postoperative outcomes of both groups were compared and no differences found. Good results were observed in more than 80% of the @entity1 . Reoperations were more frequent in the nonstented group (15% vs. 5%) and complications were more frequent in the stented group (16% vs. 7%). CONCLUSIONS: Good results are obtained with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy after complex injuries. The use of transanastomotic stents has to be selective according to the individual characteristics of each @entity1 and the experience of each surgeon. We recommend their use when unhealthy (ie, @entity63 , scarred) and small ducts (<4 mm) are found.

title: To stent or not to stent bilioenteric XXXX after @entity130 : a dilemma not answered?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['complex biliary injuries', 'iatrogenic injury']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is an important mechanism of @entity5 progression, local invasion and @entity3 . The @entity5962 ( @entity5962 ) repressor @entity19099 ( @entity19099 ) and the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor @entity8945 inhibit @entity5962 expression in poorly differentiated @entity5 as inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition has been implicated in progression from well to poorly differentiated/ @entity2867 but the expression of @entity19099 and @entity8945 proteins and their phenotypic association in @entity1 @entity259 has not been extensively studied. We examined the expression of @entity19099 , @entity8945 and @entity5962 by immunohistochemistry in a panel of well-differentiated and @entity259 and by qRT-PCR in thyroid cell lines. Ten normal thyroids, 33 @entity652 , 56 @entity3557 including 28 follicular variants, 27 @entity189 and 10 @entity2867 were assembled on a tissue microarray and immunostained for @entity19099 , @entity8945 and @entity5962 . Most (8/10) @entity2867 demonstrated strong nuclear immunoreactivity for @entity19099 with associated absence of @entity5962 in 6/8 cases (75%). @entity8945 was expressed in 5/10 @entity2867 with absence of @entity5962 in 3/5 (60%) cases. These findings were confirmed in whole sections of all @entity2867 and in a separate validation set of 10 additional @entity2867 . All normal thyroids, @entity652 , @entity3557 were negative for @entity19099 and @entity8945 (P<0.0001) and all showed strong diffuse immunoreactivity for @entity5962 (P=0.026). Expression of @entity19099 , @entity8945 and @entity5962 mRNA varied in a normal thyroid, @entity1377 and two @entity2867 cell lines tested, but the highest levels of @entity5962 mRNA were detected in the normal thyroid cell line while the @entity2867 cell line demonstrated the highest levels of @entity19099 and @entity8945 mRNA. Our findings support the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the development of @entity2867 .

title: Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulators @entity19099 and @entity8945 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas', 'papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['follicular adenomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'anaplastic thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinomas', 'anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) approaches to @entity339 ( @entity339 ) and surgical ablation for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) are now performed routinely, and avoidance of aortic manipulation and @entity1167 may further simplify the procedure. We present our experience with @entity3 fibrillatory @entity299 without aortic cross-clamping for @entity339 and @entity955 ablation. METHODS: Between January 2007 and August 2012, 292 consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity339 (n = 177), surgical ablation (n = 81), or both (n= 34), with fibrillating heart through a right minithoracotomy. Baseline characteristics, perioperative outcomes, and long-term survival were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age was 56.8 years (range, 20-83 years). Reoperations were performed in 25 @entity1 (9%). The overall MV repair rate was 93.4% (198/211), including 13.1% (26/198) with anterior leaflet repair. Repair was performed in 100% of @entity1 with @entity66 . Of isolated posterior mitral valve repairs, 60.5% underwent repair with neochords (W.L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ), and 29.7% underwent triangular resection. There was 1 operative mortality (0.3%), no intraoperative conversions to sternotomy, 4 reoperations (1.4%), 1 @entity64 (0.3%), and 1 transient @entity63 attack (0.3%). The 12-month return to sinus rhythm was 93%, and sinus rhythm without class I and class III antiarrhythmic medication was 85%. One- and 2-year cumulative survival was 98.5% and 97.8%, respectively. At mean follow-up of 27.3 months, our outcomes compared favorably with the 2011 Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) nationally reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that low operative mortality and @entity64 rate with @entity3 fibrillating @entity299 without cross-clamping allows for @entity339 and @entity955 ablation. Our results suggest that the @entity3 fibrillating heart approach is safe and effective.

title: @entity3 fibrillating heart surgery: a safe and effective approach for mitral valve and surgical ablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['low stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve surgery', 'MVS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous MV disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac operations']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'Minimally invasive']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: @entity2173 ( @entity2173 ) is an @entity74 with defective DNA repair. @entity1 develop @entity1489 because of unrepaired DNA damage produced by the ultraviolet radiation (UV) in sunlight. Many @entity2173 @entity1 also develop @entity2173 @entity16 ( @entity16 ), consisting of @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) and a primary @entity528 of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Since the harmful UV in sunlight cannot reach the nervous system, the cause of the death of @entity2173 neurons has been hypothesized to result from the inability to repair their DNA that has been damaged by endogenous metabolites. Progressive @entity16 originating in an adult has been identified in only a single case. Although clinically asymptomatic at the age of 47 years, the @entity1 had audiometric evidence of a developing mild @entity1274 together with elicited signs and electrophysiologic evidence of a @entity1897 . She died of metastatic @entity420 at 49 years of age. We describe here the neuropathological findings in this @entity1 , including examination of the inner ear. Despite clinical evidence of @entity1274 , there were no anatomic abnormalities of the inner ear. However, the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) showed ongoing @entity528 . Our findings indicate that @entity16 originating in this adult is, like @entity16 in @entity1 , a primary @entity528 that manifests first in the peripheral nervous system.

title: Adult-onset XXXX in an autopsy case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'XP ND', 'neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['XP', 'Xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['endocervical adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum neurological disease--observations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical management of @entity2633 has traditionally consisted of an open incision with debridement of the affected extensor tendon tissue. More recently, arthroscopy has been reported as a surgical option for this condition. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic debridement in excising the characteristic @entity924 of chronic @entity2633 and @entity924 correlated with poorer @entity1 outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected on all @entity1 who underwent arthroscopic debridement of chronic @entity2633 during a 2-year period. The arthroscopic debridement was assessed in regard to its effectiveness in excising the characteristic @entity924 through a traditional open procedure by gross and histologic analysis. Outcomes data were collected on all @entity1 preoperatively and at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively. @entity1 outcomes were then correlated with the residual histologic @entity924 after arthroscopic debridement. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were enrolled in the investigation. Gross evidence of residual @entity924 was identified in 6 @entity1 , with all 6 cases occurring during the first year of the study. Of the 18 @entity1 , 10 had residual histologic evidence of @entity924 after arthroscopic debridement. Poorer outcomes were identified in those @entity1 who had residual histologic @entity924 on their rating of worst level of @entity158 (P = .03). CONCLUSION: Residual microscopic @entity924 is often present after arthroscopic debridement. Clinically, residual microscopic @entity924 correlated with poorer surgical outcomes in regard to @entity1 's rating of their worst level of @entity158 .

title: XXXX : in vivo assessment of arthroscopic debridement and correlation with @entity1 outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy', 'determine if residual tendinopathy']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['Lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: Virulent strains of @entity5820 have a large plasmid of 80-90kb, which encodes several virulence-associated proteins (Vap), including @entity16840 , a lipoprotein highly associated with disease. We have previously demonstrated that oral immunisation with attenuated @entity11621 Typhimurium strain expressing the antigen @entity16840 (STM @entity46885 ) induces specific and long-term humoral and cellular immunity against @entity5820 . It was shown that @entity16840 activates Toll-like receptor 2 ( @entity8932 ) on macrophages by establishing an interaction that ultimately favours immunity against @entity5820 infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immune response triggered by nasal immunisation with STM @entity16840 + and to determine whether @entity8932 supports the vaccine effect. We developed an optimised protocol for a single nasal immunisation that conferred protection against @entity5820 infection in @entity19 , which was manifested by efficient @entity5820 clearance in challenged animals. Nasal vaccination with STM @entity46885 has also induced protection in @entity8932 (-/-) @entity19 and @entity19 with non-functional @entity1990 . Moreover, spleen cells of vaccinated @entity19 augmented T-bet expression, as well as the production of IL-12, IFN-y, @entity842 and @entity273 . Notably, the population of @entity1961 (+) T cells with memory phenotype significantly increased in the spleens of vaccinated @entity19 challenged 1 or 5 months after immunisation. In these animals, the spleen bacterial burden was also reduced. When similar experimental procedures were performed in @entity8932 knockout @entity19 , an increase in @entity1961 (+) T cells with memory phenotype was not observed. Consequently, we conclude that nasal vaccination with attenuated @entity11621 expressing the @entity5820 virulence factor @entity16840 confers long-lasting protection against experimental rhodoccocosis and that @entity8932 engagement was not crucial to induce this protection but may be required for a long-term immune response.

title: Nasal vaccination with attenuated XXXX expressing @entity16840 : @entity8932 activation is not essential for protection against @entity5820 infection.

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella', 'Salmonella enterica']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5820 :: ('43767', 'Species') :: ['R. equi', 'Rhodococcus equi']

answer: @entity11621 :: (28901,Species) :: ['Salmonella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Broadband UV-B phototherapy has been used for many years in the treatment of @entity20956 ( @entity20956 ) and early-stage @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ). Our purpose was to investigate the effect on these diseases of narrowband (311-nm) UV-B therapy, which was recently established for the treatment of @entity1569 and found to be more effective than broadband UV-B therapy. OBSERVATIONS: Twenty @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ; age range, 39-85 years) with histologically confirmed @entity20956 or early-stage @entity4888 were enrolled. Six @entity1 had early-stage @entity4888 (patch stage), and 14 had @entity20956 . Treatment with 311-nm UV-B was given 3 to 4 times a week for 5 to 10 weeks. In 19 @entity1 , lesions completely cleared after a mean number of 20 treatments (range, 14-29 treatments) and a mean cumulative UV-B dose of 16.3J/cm2 (range, 7.4-36.4 J/cm2) within a mean time of 6 weeks (range, 5-10 weeks). Biopsy specimens taken immediately after the end of phototherapy showed only sparse inflammatory infiltrates but no signs of @entity20956 or @entity4888 . Relapses at cutaneous sites occurred in all @entity1 within a mean time of 6 months (range, 2-15 months). CONCLUSIONS: Narrowband UV-B therapy is an effective short-term treatment modality for clearing @entity20956 and early-stage @entity4888 . However, the treatment response did not sustain long-term remission. Further studies are necessary to examine how the clinical response to and follow-up after narrowband UV-B therapy compares with that of established phototherapy modalities in these diseases.

title: Narrowband (311-nm) UV-B therapy for @entity20956 and early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity20956 :: ('MESH:D010267', 'Disease') :: ['SPP', 'small plaque parapsoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: The dramatic increase in the number of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 in the last decade presents a difficult challenge for physicians. Because the window of opportunity for cure is short it is vital to begin treatment before the @entity5 cells invade neighbouring tissues and organs or metastasise to other sites. This pressure of increased @entity1 numbers provided clinicians with the opportunity to investigate other treatment options. New surgical techniques including laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, improving therapeutic radiation by the introduction of conformal radiotherapy, neutron radiation, cryosurgery, high intensity focussed ultrasound (HIF) and the revival of brachytherapy with or without external beam radiation are currently being investigated. The goal of these techniques is to treat @entity263 based on the endpoints of disease specific mortality, no evidence of disease, absent or low levels of @entity1486 , reduced side-effects, improved quality of life and importantly increased cost-efficacy. It is important to remember however, that watchful waiting and endocrine therapy are still valid therapy options in certain @entity1 groups. The lack of randomized, prospective trials on local treatment of @entity263 , makes it difficult to compare the efficacy of the different treatments, especially in terms of disease-specific survival. Trials are now in progress but it will be several years before results are available. In the meantime, we need to focus on surrogate endpoints, side effects, quality of life and the cost-efficacy of each treatment. It is also important to ensure that @entity1 are kept informed and up-to-date with any new therapeutic developments.

title: The role of active treatment in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Objectives were to estimate percentages of seropositive herds with @entity291 shedding Mycobacterium @entity3068 in feces and milk, and to estimate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of an ELISA relative to fecal culture. Dairy @entity291 (n = 712) were randomly selected from 61 herds previously identified by ELISA as positive for @entity3068 . Fecal and bulk @entity13873 milk samples (n = 52 of 61 herds) were obtained from 10 states in the United States. Fecal samples were processed by a double centrifugation, double decontamination culture procedure. Milk samples were processed for both culture and DNA analysis by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of 24 herds with at least three @entity291 that had tested ELISA-positive, 79% were also culture-positive, compared with 18 of 37 herds with one or two ELISA-positive @entity291 . Both fecal-culture and ELISA results were available on 651 @entity291 ; only 25% of @entity291 that were fecal-culture positive also tested positive by ELISA and over 6% of @entity291 that were fecal-culture negative tested ELISA-positive. Milk samples all cultured negative, but analysis of milk samples by PCR resulted in 68% of herds positive for M. @entity3068 DNA including 24 of 31 herds with positive fecal cultures and 11 of 21 herds with negative fecal cultures. Sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA compared with fecal culture is lower than previously reported and perhaps best used in screening herds because of limited efficacy to predict @entity281 in individual @entity291 . In addition, contamination of bulk @entity13873 milk samples with M. @entity3068 does occur in seropositive herds, even in some with negative fecal cultures.

title: Relationships between fecal culture, ELISA, and bulk @entity13873 milk test results for XXXX in US dairy herds.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis', "Johne's disease"]

answer: @entity3068 :: (MESH:D010283,Disease) :: ['Johne's disease']


abstract: Although self-measured blood pressure (BP) at home ( @entity20166 ) has become popular in clinical practice, little information is available regarding the proportion of @entity6 @entity1 with properly controlled @entity20166 . We evaluated the status of @entity20166 control in @entity6 @entity101 . @entity20166 control status was cross-sectionally evaluated among 3400 essential @entity101 taking antihypertensive treatment. Of these, 466 (14%) had @entity6 . Physicians evaluated the subjects' @entity20166 control as "poor", "fairly good", or "excellent" using a self-administered questionnaire. When the @entity20166 threshold in @entity6 @entity1 was set tentatively at 130/80 mmHg or 135/85 mmHg, @entity20166 was properly controlled in 18% or 30% of @entity6 @entity1 , respectively. The same trend was observed in office BP. The average number of drugs prescribed for @entity6 @entity1 was 2.0 drugs. In the majority of @entity6 @entity1 with uncontrolled BP, the BP control status in two-thirds of those was evaluated as "excellent" or "fairly good" by their physicians. In Japan, @entity20166 and office BP were not adequately controlled in most @entity6 @entity101 . The main reason for this would appear to be a lack of intensive treatment and a lack of recognition by physicians that their @entity1 ' BP was insufficiently controlled.

title: The current status of home and office blood pressure control among @entity101 @entity1 with XXXX : the Japan Home Versus Office Blood Pressure Measurement Evaluation (J-HOME) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of primary @entity320 @entity1 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database and to determine the outcome from the treatment approaches. MATERIALS/METHODS: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result registry, 201 @entity1 with @entity320 were identified. @entity1 ' characteristics and prognostic factors including age, race, extent of surgery, and use of radiation therapy were obtained. RESULTS: The median age was 68 years (range, 28-100 years). The population was 73% white, 11% black, and 16% Asian/American Indian. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging results were stage I (46%), stage II (18%), stage III (3%), stage @entity3480 (3%), stage IVB (12%), and unknown (18%). Treatment approach included surgical resection of the primary site in 70%, whereas 35% of the @entity1 underwent lymph node resection. Approximately 40% of the @entity1 received radiotherapy, which was primarily used in the adjuvant setting. Overall survival at 2 and 5 years was 24% and 15%, respectively. Presence of lymph nodes at diagnosis was associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.98; P = 0.02). Adjuvant radiation did not offer a statistically significant overall survival advantage compared to surgery alone. CONCLUSIONS: @entity320 is a rare diagnosis primarily affecting the elderly. Overall survival is low even for @entity1 presenting with disease limited to the vagina. Lymph node involvement at diagnosis is strongly predictive of worse overall survival. Most @entity1 are treated with surgical resection with varying use of adjuvant radiotherapy. Further research is needed to identify the etiology and improve the outcome of this aggressive disease.

title: Treatment approach and outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Vaginal melanoma', 'vaginal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['vaginal melanoma']


abstract: NLRs are a large family belonging to pattern recognition receptors which could recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns. Class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator (CIITA) is a member of NLR family. It is a critical transcription factor which could regulate the expression of MHC class II. In this study, a full-length cDNA of CIITA was cloned from @entity4576 according to ten sequenced ESTs. This cDNA contains a 5'-UTR of 71  bp, a 3'-UTR of 238  bp and an ORF of 3,210  bp encoding 1,069 @entity1522 . Phylogenetic analysis showed that catfish CIITA was conserved with other CIITAs. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to detect the expression profiles of CIITA in normal tissues and responding to different pathogens ( @entity34938 , Streptococcus iniae and @entity4576 @entity548 Reovirus (CCRV)). The expression profile in blood was the highest (53.879-fold) in normal tissues. @entity34938 and S. iniae could induce catfish CIITA in head kidney, liver and spleen. CCRV virus could also induce CIITA in head kidney and liver but reduce it in spleen. And S. iniae could induce the expression of CIITA to the highest extent and contrarily CCRV virus to the lowest extent. The expression data showed the tissue-specific and pathogen-specific expression patterns of CIITA responding to different pathogens. These expression data indicated the immune-related functions of CIITA. The data obtained in this study provide a basis for further research aimed at explore the precise immune-related molecular mechanism of CIITA in catfish.

title: Class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator (CIITA) in XXXX : identification and expression patterns responding to different pathogens.

entities_list: @entity34938 :: ('636', 'Species') :: ['E. tarda', 'Edwardsiella tarda']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['channel catfish']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhage']

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['channel catfish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the yield of staging laparoscopy with peritoneal lavage cytology for @entity356 @entity1 and to track it over time. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 with gastric or gastroesophageal @entity420 who underwent pretreatment staging laparoscopy at the authors' institution from 1995 to 2012 were reviewed. The yield of laparoscopy was defined as the proportion of @entity1 who had positive findings on laparoscopy, including those with macroscopic @entity189 , positive cytology, or other clinically important findings. To compare the yield of laparoscopy over time, the @entity1 were divided into three 6-year ranges based on the date of diagnosis. Associations between clinicopathologic factors and @entity6378 were examined using uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The study included 711 @entity1 . Among these @entity1 , 43.5 % had gastroesophageal junction @entity5 , 72.9 % had poorly differentiated @entity420 , and 53 % had signet ring cell morphology. Endoscopic ultrasound had most commonly identified T3 (83.9 %) and @entity5 . At laparoscopy, 148 (20.8 %) @entity1 had been found to have @entity298 . Among 514 macroscopically negative @entity1 who underwent peritoneal lavage cytologic analysis, 68 (13.2 %) had positive cytology results for @entity5 . The total laparoscopy yield was 36 %, which did not change over time (p = 0.58). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that positive cytology or @entity189 was associated with poorly differentiated histology, @entity9993 , and equivocal computed tomography findings. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy remains a useful staging procedure to evaluate for peritoneal spread when treatment or surgery is considered, even with the current availability of high-quality imaging.

title: Yield of Staging Laparoscopy and Lavage Cytology for @entity298 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['N-positive (66.4 %) tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal disease']

entities_list: @entity9993 :: ('MESH:D008039', 'Disease') :: ['linitis plastica']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The formation of dental tissues is a highly delicate and complex phenomenon. Any alteration in this process leads to @entity4500 which affect the tooth number, size, shape and structure. @entity13258 are @entity154 which affects the tooth number. @entity13258 can give rise to various complications and pathologies or they may have a familial / syndromic association. They may occur along with other @entity4500 . Thus, such teeth have a definite clinical significance. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the following study was to know the prevalence of the supernumerary teeth and the distribution of the cases according to the age, sex, jaw, region, eruption status, and the position. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 5000 @entity1 were examined for a period of 1 year's duration and they were divided into different groups. Group I consisted of individuals who were aged between 5-20 years, Group II consisted of individuals who were aged between 21-40 years, and Group III consisted of individuals who were aged 41 years and above. The dental examination was conducted by using a mouth mirror and a probe, to determine the presence of supernumerary teeth. All the cases with supernumerary teeth were further observed and the details were recorded in a prepared porforma. These cases were also subjected to general physical examinations (to rule out any syndromes) and radiographic examinations. Photographs were also made. CONCLUSION: Although supernumerary teeth is an @entity154 , it is not as rare as was previously reported. The identification of this @entity154 could provide a hint towards the possibility of complications, pathologies, other @entity4500 and a familial association.

title: An epidemiological study on supernumerary teeth: a survey on 5,000 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['dental anomalies', 'dental anomalies, syndromes', 'various dental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity13258 :: ('MESH:D014096', 'Disease') :: ['Supernumerary teeth']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['anomaly', 'one such anomaly', 'unusual anomaly']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Back @entity158 prevalence in the pediatric age group is less compared with adults. There is a wide range of possible etiologies, and @entity5 such as primary @entity4681 are uncommon. Most are incidental findings and asymptomatic; however, @entity158 can be presented in up to 0.9% to 1.2% of cases. These lesions can produce neurologic involvement either @entity1745 or @entity1971 as in our case. The aim of this study is to describe a case of @entity1643 in a @entity1 due to a @entity2695 complicated with acute @entity1971 , and performed a literature review that will help us to recognize this aggressive variance making an early treatment feasible. METHODS: A 13-year-old female, follow-up in an outer health care center due to a L1 @entity2695 , characterized by 3 years of @entity1643 without neurologic symptoms presented to our emergency department with an acute @entity1971 . RESULTS: An outside magnetic resonance imaging showed complete obliteration of the spinal canal at the level of the conus medullaris related to retropulsion of bone at L1. She underwent 2-stage surgical treatment: complete posterior L1 laminectomy and partial T12-L2 laminectomies, with partial L1 vertebrectomy and posterior fusion with instrumention from T11 to L3. Three weeks later, embolization before anterior fusion with inner body cage was performed. Forty months after surgery, she is doing well with no @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: Even though @entity2695 are not a common cause of back @entity158 , they should be taken into account. It is important to recognize the aggressive variance so an early treatment could be performed. There is no enough clinical data to establish guidelines of management in @entity1 , therefore, the treatment should be individualized.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 associated with acute onset @entity1971 : a rare presentation of an aggressive @entity2695 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['spinal hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful lesions', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Low back pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the results of callosotomy in 17 @entity1 with symptomatic generalized @entity302 after @entity739 , according to the different @entity410 types and surgical procedures, to define selection criteria for candidates to callosotomy. METHODS: Callosotomy was performed in two successive stages. Partial callosotomy, anterior in 13 and posterior in three, was followed by completion in 14 cases in all but four @entity1 (complete callosotomy in one stage in one, no completion in three). All @entity1 had clinical, video-EEG, and neuropsychological evaluation before and after each stage of callosotomy, with a mean final follow-up of 4 years. RESULTS: @entity410 frequency improved in only two of 13 @entity1 after anterior callosotomy, in none of three after posterior callosotomy, but in nine of 14 after complete callosotomy. After complete callosotomy, @entity2473 disappeared in 80% of the cases, and drop attacks, the most severe ictal event, completely stopped or were dramatically reduced in 90% of the @entity1 . One @entity1 no longer had episodes of @entity159 , and another one acquired the ability to walk after complete callosotomy. From the cognitive viewpoint, nine @entity1 with improved @entity410 frequency after complete callosotomy also had improved behavior and cognitive functions, but two others experienced speech deterioration after posterior callosotomy at age 11 years and completion of callosotomy at age 16 years. CONCLUSIONS: As in other severe @entity6191 in childhood, drop attacks provide the best indication for complete callosotomy in @entity1 with previous @entity739 . Because drop attacks can be identifiable by falls only, the previous acquisition of walking should be considered as a key feature for any benefit to be obtained.

title: Callosotomy for @entity302 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['generalized epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['West syndrome']