abstract: Lysozyme is an important component of the immune response against bacteria that is characterized by its ability to break down bacterial cell-walls. We constructed a high-quality cDNA library from mantle tissue of adult Japanese scallop ( @entity7177 ). The EST which is high homology with g-type lysozyme genes of other species was found in the cDNA library. In the present study, the complete express sequence of g-type lysozyme genes from Japanese scallop (designated as MyLysoG) was directly obtained by PCR. The complete sequence of MyLysoG cDNA consisted of a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 25 bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of 606 bp, and a 3' UTR of 100 bp with one polyadenylation signal (AATAAA). The deduced @entity1522 of MyLysoG were 201 @entity1522 with a putative signal peptide of 18 @entity535 residues. It shared the sequence similarity and the common structure features with the g-type lysozyme from other species. Quantitative reverse trancriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay demonstrated that mRNA transcripts of g-type lysozyme could be detected in various tissues of unchallenged scallop, and the highest expression of MyLysoG was detected in hepatopancreas tissue. The temporal expression of MyLysoG in hemolymph after @entity2551 challenge was up-regulated and reached the maximum level at 3h post stimulation, and then dropped back to the original level even lower than the control group. Furthermore, a 978 bp of 5'-flanking sequence of MyLysoG was identified by genome walking, and several potential transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) were detected in the putative promoter region. One part of the MyLysoG promoter region contains nine sites of SNPs and three sites of insert-deletion (indel) polymorphisms, and these mutations were found organize into two haplotypes. The two haplotypes were associated with different TFBS. The haplotypes could be selected to analyze the transcriptional-level control of scallop g-type lysozyme gene and the scallop immune system.

title: A goose-type lysozyme gene in Japanese scallop ( XXXX ): cDNA cloning, mRNA expression and promoter sequence analysis.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7177 :: ('6573', 'Species') :: ['Mizuhopecten yessoensis']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2551 :: ('55601', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio anguillarum']

answer: @entity7177 :: (6573,Species) :: ['Mizuhopecten yessoensis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies to date have documented genetic influences on outcomes of hospitalization among @entity1 with acute @entity385 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of the family history of @entity64 on in-hospital mortality and hospitalization outcome among @entity1 having acute @entity385 . METHODS: The medical records for 916 consecutive adult @entity1 admitted for acute @entity385 during 12/1/2001-2/28/2002 at 34 randomly selected Georgia hospitals were centrally abstracted. The @entity1 were classified as having a positive family history of @entity64 or not. The two groups were compared on risk factors, comorbidities, admission characteristics, hospital disposition status, and outcome measures. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the independent contributions of important variables identified by univariate screening. RESULTS: A positive family history of @entity64 was significantly associated with a decreased frequency of medical history of @entity453 , a decreased frequency of medical history of @entity712 , an increased frequency of medical history of @entity101 , and younger age among @entity1 with acute @entity385 who were 18 years or older. The family history was not associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 0.79-2.80 for incident cases). The interaction of family history and age was significantly associated with discharge destination and discharge functional status. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary analyses found associations between family history and @entity64 outcome. The role of a family history of @entity64 in @entity64 outcome merits further study.

title: Family history associated with improved functional outcome following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Twenty-four of 576 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1566 developed acute @entity10189 ulceration and @entity548 . Twenty-two were males and two were females: 88% were 12 to 25 years old. Seventeen @entity1 sustained injuries to the spinal cord in sports and recreation related activities. Twenty-three @entity1 had lesions of the spinal cord above the sympathetic outflow. Twenty @entity1 developed @entity10189 perforation or @entity548 within 4 weeks following the injury. Ten @entity1 developed perforation of @entity2275 was a symptom of perforation in six @entity1 . Six @entity1 of seven who had gastroscopy and upper GI series were found at laparotomy to have @entity1066 . Gastric (nine) and duodenal (seven) @entity1066 were evenly distributed. There were no deaths due to @entity548 in the present series. A single cause for the pathogenesis of @entity10189 ulceration and @entity548 cannot be pinpointed. However, @entity63 of gastric mucosa produced in various ways and altered equilibrium between the parasympathetic and sympathetic neural pathways following trauma to the spinal cord seem to be important in initiating the process.

title: @entity10189 and @entity548 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'gastroduodenal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric or duodenal ulcer and "shoulder tip" pain']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Up to one-third of @entity1 with @entity354 ( @entity354 ) in primary care have residual symptoms despite @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) therapy. We aimed to characterize partial response to PPIs among adult @entity1 in UK primary care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed @entity354 @entity1 aged 20-79 years who were prescribed PPI for treatment of @entity354 were identified in The Health Improvement Network. Those with a treatment change suggesting partial response to PPIs (new treatment added to PPI, increased @entity7371 dose, or switching PPI) during the subsequent 6 months were identified as potential cases and confirmed after manual review of each @entity1 's complete computer medical record including free-text comments. @entity1 without these treatment changes were study controls. A nested case-control analysis was conducted using logistic regression. RESULTS: The proportion of newly diagnosed @entity354 @entity1 with partial response to PPI therapy was 18.6% (1201/6453). Partial response was associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.37), @entity148 or @entity308 (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.00-1.31), and prescription of >=  6 drugs in the month before @entity354 diagnosis (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.14-1.78). Among new PPI users (n = 2907), partial response was associated with esophageal ulcer or Barrett's esophagus at initial diagnosis (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.60-6.17). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in five newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity354 appear to have a partial response to PPI therapy. Female gender, polymedication, and a severe initial diagnosis may be associated with partial response.

title: XXXX in primary care: using changes in @entity7080 inhibitor therapy as an indicator of partial response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the results of vitreous surgery for late @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ) after successful treatment of @entity995 . METHODS: The records of all @entity1 with @entity995 seen at a single ocular oncology service between 1982 and 1998 were reviewed to identify @entity1 treated for late @entity1713 . Previous treatments, characteristics of the @entity1713 , surgical techniques used, and visual and anatomic results of the surgery were recorded. RESULTS: Of more than 500 charts reviewed, four @entity1 treated for late @entity1713 were identified. All four had received previous, whole-eye, external beam radiotherapy and subsequently required @entity231 surgery. Other previous treatments included radioactive plaque, cryotherapy, xenon photocoagulation, and chemotherapy. At presentation, some @entity1 had shifting subretinal fluid. None had a tear identifiable preoperatively, but two @entity1 had a definite small slit tear at a @entity5 edge identified at surgery. One @entity1 had a primary scleral buckle that failed. All @entity1 had vitreous surgery with silicone oil. Average postsurgical follow-up was 30 months. Preoperative visual acuity ranged from 20/80 to light perception and improved postoperatively in two @entity1 . The retina remained completely attached in three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite shifting subretinal fluid and no identifiable tear, a rhegmatogenous @entity1713 should be considered if it occurs late in @entity1 with otherwise stable, treated @entity995 . Tumor reactivation must be excluded carefully. Vitreous surgery can be used to repair the @entity1713 successfully and improve vision.

title: Repair of late @entity1713 after successful treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: Levels of @entity5689 ( @entity3895 -1) in @entity5 epithelial cells increase during @entity263 progression. Conversely, @entity3895 -1 expression in the stroma can decline in advanced and @entity263 . In a large cohort of 724 @entity263 , we observed significantly decreased levels of stromal @entity3895 -1 in concordance with increased Gleason score (p = 0.012). Importantly, reduced expression of @entity3895 -1 in the stroma correlated with reduced relapse-free survival (p = 0.009), suggesting a role for stromal @entity3895 -1 in inhibiting @entity1442 . Silencing of @entity3895 -1 by shRNA in WPMY-1 prostate fibroblasts resulted in up-regulation of Akt phosphorylation, and significantly altered expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, invasion, and @entity3 , including a > 2.5-fold increase in TGF-b1 and y-synuclein (SNCG) gene expression. Moreover, silencing of @entity3895 -1 induced @entity263 cells when stromal cells were used as attractants. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt caused down-regulation of TGF-b1 and SNCG, suggesting that loss of @entity3895 -1 in the stroma can influence Akt-mediated signalling in the @entity5 microenvironment. @entity3895 -1-depleted stromal cells exhibited increased levels of intracellular @entity165 , a precursor for @entity342 biosynthesis, steroidogenic enzymes, and @entity251 . These findings suggest that loss of @entity3895 -1 in the @entity5 microenvironment contributes to the metastatic behaviour of @entity5 cells by a mechanism that involves up-regulation of TGF-b1 and SNCG through Akt activation. They also suggest that intracrine production of @entity3800 , a process relevant to castration resistance, may occur in the stroma.

title: Loss of @entity5689 in XXXX stroma correlates with reduced relapse-free survival and is functionally relevant to @entity5 progression.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer', 'migration of prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The chromosomes of @entity5 cells are unstable, because of @entity2007 . Despite chromosomal instability, however, @entity5 karyotypes are individual and quasi-stable, as is evident especially from clonal chromosome copy numbers and marker chromosomes. This paradox would be resolved if the karyotypes in @entity5 represent chromosomal equilibria between destabilizing @entity2007 and stabilizing selection for oncogenic function. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the initial and long-term karyotypes of seven clones of newly transformed @entity1 epithelial, mammary, and muscle cells. Approximately 1 in 100,000 such cells generates transformed clones at 2-3 months after introduction of retrovirus-activated cellular genes or the @entity5 virus SV40. These frequencies are too low for direct transformation, so we postulated that virus-activated genes initiate transformation indirectly, via specific karyotypes. Using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific DNA probes, we found individual clonal karyotypes that were stable for at least 34 cell generations-within limits, as follows. Depending on the karyotype, average clonal chromosome numbers were stable within +/- 3%, and chromosome-specific copy numbers were stable in 70-100% cells. At any one time, however, relative to clonal means, per-cell chromosome numbers varied +/-18% and chromosome-specific copy numbers varied +/-1 in 0-30% of cells; unstable nonclonal markers were found within karyotype-specific quotas of <1% to 20% of the total chromosome number. For two clones, karyotypic ploidies also varied. With these rates of variation, the karyotypes of transformed clones would randomize in a few generations unless selection occurs. We conclude that individual aneuploid karyotypes initiate and maintain @entity5 , much like new species. These @entity5 -causing karyotypes are in flexible equilibrium between destabilizing @entity2007 and stabilizing selection for transforming function. Karyotypes as a whole, rather than specific mutations, explain the individuality, fluidity, and phenotypic complexity of @entity5 .

title: Cancer-causing karyotypes: chromosomal equilibria between destabilizing XXXX and stabilizing selection for oncogenic function.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['aneuploidy']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effect of high-fat diet on expressions of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y ( @entity10969 ) and Y1, Y2, Y5 receptors and the mechanism relative to the susceptibility of @entity28 . METHODS: Thirty-six female SD @entity35 were randomly divided into high-fat diet group (HF, n=27) and @entity6766 ( @entity6766 , n=9), and given either HF or @entity6766 diet for 13 weeks. Then the HF diet group was subdivided into dietary induced obesi-ty (DIO) and dietary induced @entity28 resistant (DIO-R) @entity35 according to the final body weight. Body weight, caloric intake, energy efficiency, visceral fat pads were measured and compared. The levels of plasma and hypothalamic @entity10969 were determined by Radioimmunoassay. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to measure the gene expression of @entity10969 and its receptors in hypothalamus. RESULTS: Body weight, caloric intake, energy efficiency and visceral fat pads in DIO @entity35 were higher significantly than those in @entity6766 or DIO- @entity5698 (p<0.01). No difference in plasma @entity10969 level was detected among the three groups (p>0.05); the hypothalamic @entity10969 level was significantly higher in DIO group than in @entity6766 or DIO-R group (p<0.01). Gene expression levels of @entity10969 and Y1, Y2, Y5 receptors were higher significantly in DIO group than in @entity6766 or DIO-R group (p<0.01), while no significant difference was found between DIO-R and @entity6766 @entity35 (p>0.05), except that Y2 receptor was lower in DIO- @entity5698 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: SD @entity35 fed with a HF diet showed different susceptibility to @entity28 , and up-regulated hypothalamic @entity10969 and Y1, Y2, @entity45601 gene expressions were closely associated with being predisposed to @entity28 and overeating of DIO @entity35 .

title: Difference of XXXX and its receptor gene expressions between @entity28 and @entity28 -resistant @entity35 in response to high-fat diet.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'chow food group']

answer: @entity10969 :: (24604(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NPY']


abstract: @entity4260 (IP), a synthetic @entity3093 has been reported to prevent @entity604 in both postmenopausal @entity1 and ovariectomized (ovx) @entity35 . The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast some of the bone protective mechanisms of IP to those of @entity53 (E(2)) in @entity43 . Forty-eight 95-day-old @entity35 were assigned to four groups: sham, ovx, ovx+IP, and ovx+E(2). The doses of IP and E(2) were 100 mg and 10 microg/kg body weight per day, respectively. @entity35 were fed a diet that contained 0.4% @entity460 , 0.3% @entity3151 , and 0.195 nmol @entity3875 /g diet. After sacrifice, left femoral bone densities were measured and bone histomorphometry was performed on the proximal tibial metaphysis. @entity4260 as well as E(2) treatment completely prevented the ovx-induced femoral bone density loss. However, in contrast to E(2), IP did not lower the ovx-induced rise in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity or @entity2135 and @entity9929 concentrations. On histomorphometry analysis, the ovariectomy-induced increase (P < 0. 09) in bone formation rate (BFR) was significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed by E(2) treatment, whereas this higher BFR was maintained in IP-treated animals. These findings indicate that IP is effective in preventing the ovx-associated @entity604 . The bone protective mechanisms of @entity43 may be different from those of E(2) and may involve increased rates of bone formation.

title: The synthetic phytoestrogen, @entity4260 , and estrogen prevent XXXX by different mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hormone deficiency', 'IP in ovarian hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity4260 :: ('MESH:C018986', 'Chemical') :: ['Ipriflavone']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity4008 which is a pediatric emergency with high mortality and morbidity must be diagnosed and treat promptly. Often diagnosis of @entity4008 from @entity1393 is difficult after some days. Determination of some inflammatory mediators' example @entity650 and HS-CRP were useful in differential diagnosis of @entity4008 . OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to Determining HS-CRP and @entity650 in serum and CSF in @entity1 suspected @entity693 and Comparing value HS-CRP and @entity650 in @entity4008 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Of @entity1 that hospitalized in pediatric emergency ward (Ghaem Hospital Mashhad university of medical science, in duration 01 Dec 2010-01 Dec 2011) and for they performed lumbar puncture, 1cc serum and CSF of they were taken to laboratory and have measured @entity650 with Elisa method and HS-CRP with immunoturbidometry method, @entity1 were followed up and finally we compared levels of this two mediators. RESULTS: Finally, this study performed on 81 @entity1 and @entity1 . From 81 cases, 27 cases (33.3%) had @entity4008 cases (33.3%) @entity1393 and 27 cases (33.3%) had normal CSF. @entity650 concentration in the CSF and serum were significantly raised in cases of @entity4008 (P = 0.001, P = 0.01) but HS-CRP concentration in the CSF and serum were not significantly raised in cases of @entity4008 (P = 0.46, P = 0.29). Mean @entity650 concentration in the CSF in @entity4008 was (180.74) and in @entity1393 was (39.08) .Mean HS-CRP in CSF in @entity4008 was (2.22) and @entity1393 was (1.29). Mean HS-CRP in serum in @entity4008 was (8.23) and @entity1393 was (6.36). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of @entity650 in the CSF and serum in potentially a very useful diagnostic tool for differential diagnosis of @entity4008 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX and High Sensitive C Reactive Protein Value in CSF and Serum Children Suspected @entity693 Referred to Pediatric Emergency Room.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis', 'bacterial/viral meningitis', 'bacterial meningitis 27', 'bacterial and viral meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1393 :: ('MESH:D008587', 'Disease') :: ['viral meningitis']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: As the population ages, physicians encounter a growing number of @entity1 who are treated with antiplatelet agents and present with severe conditions requiring urgent neurosurgical therapy. Standard laboratory investigations are insufficient to evaluate platelet activity and furthermore, it is difficult to evaluate effects of haemostatic measures on platelet function. In this article we report our initial experiences with the point-of-care device Multiplate   for assessment of platelet activity in @entity341 on @entity1 with a reported intake of antiplatelet medication. METHODS: Multiplate   assessment of antiplatelet activity was carried out in 21 non-consecutive @entity1 with a reported intake of antiplatelet medication ( @entity117 : n=21, @entity1397 : n=3, ticragrelor: n=1) and urgent admission to our hospital because of conditions such as @entity932 requiring urgent neurosurgical therapy. Analysis was repeated in order to evaluate the effectiveness of haemostatic drugs and platelet concentrate transfusion on platelet activity in six @entity1 . RESULTS: No technical difficulties occurred and in all cases, results were obtained within 15 min. On admission, @entity1 ' @entity1426 induced platelet activity was reduced by 44.4  33.5% (range: -79.7% to +44.3%) compared to the lower reference limit. Two @entity1 had a normal platelet activity despite a reported intake of @entity117 . Haemostatic measures significantly increased @entity1426 induced platelet activity by 100  66% (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: The Multiplate   device allowed rapid assessment of antiplatelet agent activity and evaluation of haemostatic measures on platelet activity. Further studies with larger @entity1 numbers are needed, but this device may represent a valuable tool to improve treatment modalities in @entity1 treated with antiplatelet medication and conditions requiring urgent neurosurgical therapy.

title: Initial experiences with Multiplate   for rapid assessment of antiplatelet agent activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical emergencies']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['neurosurgical emergencies']


abstract: The effects of @entity50620 (1 mg/kg, i.v.), a combined beta 1-adrenoceptor blocking and @entity460 antagonist drug, on large (circumflex artery) and small coronary arteries and on systemic hemodynamics were investigated in chronically instrumented conscious @entity235 at rest and during treadmill exercise. These effects were compared to those in the same animals of @entity3360 (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.), @entity2165 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and their combination (at the same doses). Circumflex artery diameter (CxAD) and coronary blood flow increased and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) decreased during control exercise under saline. @entity50620 and the @entity3360 - @entity2165 combination similarly dilated large and small coronary arteries at rest, but dilation of large conductance vessels was abolished during exercise, while CVR decreased further. Both @entity50620 and the @entity3360 - @entity2165 combination only slightly increased the rate-pressure product at rest, but strongly opposed its exercise-induced rise. @entity3360 maximally increased CxAD, decreased CVR, and enhanced the rate-pressure product at rest and during exercise. Conversely, @entity2165 decreased CxAD and the rate-pressure product and increased CVR at rest, but large coronary arteries remained constricted during exercise despite the concomitant dilation of small resistance vessels. Thus, in the coronary vascular bed of conscious @entity235 , @entity50620 really behaves as a hybrid drug, combining beta 1-adrenoceptor blocking and @entity460 antagonist properties, both at rest and during exercise. As a result, @entity50620 increases @entity26 supply at rest and decreases @entity26 demand during exercise. Finally, this study emphasizes the major role of beta 1-adrenoceptors in the mediation of exercise-induced dilation of large coronary arteries.

title: Coronary effects of a combined beta adrenoceptor blocking and @entity460 antagonist therapy in running XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine', 'Nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The broad application of @entity6701 nanoparticles ( @entity3759 NPs) has resulted in the release of substantial quantities of untreated @entity3759 NPs into aquatic systems, which serve as the terminal sink for nanomaterials. These @entity3759 NPs may induce some unexpected toxic effects to aquatic systems. The objectives of this research were to evaluate toxic effects of low dosage @entity3759 NPs on @entity12158 under visible-light illumination conditions and further discuss possible mechanisms. The results showed that @entity3759 NPs accumulated as aggregates in cytosolic vesicles of @entity12158 . Cell numbers and viability of @entity3759 NPs-exposed groups decreased to (20.2    1.8)% and (17.3    1.9)% after 24h continuous 12000 Lx illumination. Compared with the dark control, the intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) levels increased (1.9-fold) by the combination of 5 mg L(-1) @entity3759 NPs and 12000 Lx illumination. Even incubation in the dark for 6h after 12h illumination, @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activity of @entity3759 NPs exposed groups still maintained at the high level (about 3.9-fold of dark control). Meanwhile, illumination-induced @entity3759 NPs led to a reduction of scavenging @entity3787 radicals ( @entity2145 ) activity with an average of (14.3    6.5)%. Under illumination conditions, overproduction of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) by @entity3759 NPs exceeded the scavenging capability of @entity12158 and then led to the breakdown of oxidative/anti-oxidative systems, further resulting in cell growth delay and @entity409 . All the results revealed that via visible light excitation, oxidative injury may be responsible for the toxic effects of @entity3759 NPs on @entity12158 .

title: Imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative systems: toward an understanding of visible light-induced XXXX nanoparticles toxicity.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondria dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12158 :: ('5908', 'Species') :: ['T. pyriformis', 'Tetrahymena pyriformis']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: Treatment of @entity344 encountered unexpectedly during procedures involving the abdominal aorta continues to be debated. Previously, simultaneous vascular procedures with intra-abdominal malignancy were rare. Most underwent vascular reconstruction followed by a delayed aortic procedure. With recent improvement in axillobifemoral graft patency, a one-stage procedure for @entity66 should be entertained. We recently encountered a @entity706 while beginning an aortic replacement for @entity432 . Resection of a near-obstructing @entity5 immediately after axillofemoral reconstruction provided treatment of both entities at one time. Since the early description of axillofemoral bypass in 1963, varying success with extra-anatomic bypass has been reported. Early data for axillofemoral bypass were dismal, but with recent technical and graft improvements patency has been improved. @entity5 during aortic procedures is uncommon, about 2 to 4 per cent, but when met is usually dealt with after the @entity1 recovers from the vascular procedure. With improvements in extra-anatomic bypass results, a single operative period can be entertained.

title: @entity432 and XXXX : changing therapeutic options.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel tumor', 'Occult malignancy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']


abstract: AIMS: The performance of a US-American scoring system ( @entity712 Survival Score, HFSS) was prospectively evaluated in a sample of ambulatory @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Additionally, it was investigated whether the HFSS might be simplified by assessment of the distance ambulated during a 6-min walk test (6' @entity7097 ) instead of determination of peak @entity26 uptake (peak VO(2)). METHODS AND RESULTS: In 208 middle-aged @entity712 @entity1 (age 54+/-10 years, 82% male, NYHA class 2.3+/-0.7; follow-up 28+/-14 months) the seven variables of the HFSS: @entity712 aetiology; heart rate; mean arterial pressure; serum @entity1372 concentration; intraventricular conduction time; @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ); and peak VO(2), were determined. Additionally, a 6' @entity7097 was performed. The HFSS allowed discrimination between @entity1 at low, medium and high risk, with mortality rates of 16, 39 and 50%, respectively. However, the prognostic power of the HFSS was not superior to a two-variable model consisting only of @entity1002 and peak VO(2). The areas under the receiver operating curves (AUC) for prediction of 1-year survival were even higher for the two-variable model (0.84 vs. 0.74, P<0.05). Replacing peak VO(2) with 6' @entity7097 resulted in a similar AUC (0.83). CONCLUSION: The HFSS continued to predict survival when applied to this @entity1 sample. However, the HFSS was inferior to a two-variable model containing only @entity1002 and either peak VO(2) or 6' @entity7097 . As the 6' @entity7097 requires no sophisticated equipment, a simplified two-variable model containing only @entity1002 and 6' @entity7097 may be more widely applicable, and is therefore recommended.

title: Risk stratification in middle-aged @entity1 with @entity712 : prospective comparison of the XXXX Survival Score (HFSS) and a simplified two-variable model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Heart Failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: Contegra, a @entity291 jugular vein graft, has been widely used as a preferable biomaterial in the surgical treatment of @entity4297 , especially as a conduit for the right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. This article aims to make a comprehensive review on the clinical outcomes of Contegra. Reports of Contegra published since 2002 were comprehensively retrieved, collected and analyzed. There were 1718 Contegra, applied in 1705 @entity1 . The sizes of the conduits were 8-22 mm. The @entity1 aged from newborn to 74.5 years, prevailed by pediatrics. The primary diagnosis was @entity4297 in all cases, with @entity215 , truncus arteriosus and @entity1146 being the first three diagnoses, representing 25.6%, 16.7%, and 13.1%, respectively. Contegra was used as a tube graft in the pulmonary position in 1635 (95.9%) @entity1 , as a monocuspid patch in 12 (0.7%), as a graft in the position of the pulmonary valve or a monocusps in 40 (2.3%), and as an inferior vena cava-pulmonary artery conduit in the Fontan procedure in 18 (1.1%) @entity1 , respectively. Conduit reimplantation was performed in 141 (8.3%) @entity1 33.8    37 (8.6-106.8) months after the initial conduit insertion. Conduit plasty was necessary in 6 (0.4%), and reintervention in 83 (4.9%) @entity1 . Indications for conduit reimplantation included severe @entity850 of the distal @entity254 , @entity2849 of the proximal @entity254 and severe conduit regurgitation. As for the good performance, availability and longevity, Contegra is a biomaterial suitable for the right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction and for patch repair for @entity1757 , but not apt for Fontan procedure.

title: The Contegra valved @entity291 conduit: a biomaterial for the surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['Tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1687 have been traced to a single Acadian ancestor in @entity1687 . The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course. A cohort of @entity1 with @entity1687 was identified by chart review. Some @entity1 were seen and a telephone interview with the remaining parents was conducted. Twenty @entity1 with @entity1687 were identified. The female to male ratio was 2:1. Five @entity1 had severe @entity4837 . Early milestones were normal in the majority. @entity16 generally developed between 5 and 10 years of age with a mean age of 7.2 years at diagnosis. @entity410 developed in all between 4.5 and 16 years of age (mean, 10.5 yr), and were followed by significant physical and @entity1032 . The age at @entity204 ranged between 11 and 22.5 years (mean, 14.8 yr). In 61%, @entity3127 was the cause of @entity204 . There is significant variability in the presentation and clinical course of @entity1687 .

title: XXXX Niemann-Pick disease (type D): clinical study of 20 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1687 :: ('MESH:D052556', 'Disease') :: ['Nova Scotia', 'Niemann-Pick type D']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity1687 :: (MESH:D052556,Disease) :: ['Nova Scotia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of intracavernous injection of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on cavernous nerve (CN) regeneration and functional status in a nerve-crush @entity35 model. Thirty Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 were randomly divided into three equal groups: one group underwent sham operation, while two groups underwent bilateral CN crush. @entity130 group was treated at the time of injury with intracavernous injection of ADSCs, or injured control group with no further intervention. Erectile function was assessed by CN electrostimulation after 3 months. Penile tissue and crushed nerves were collected for histology. Three months after surgery, in the group that underwent bilateral nerve crushing with no further intervention, the functional evaluation showed a lower mean maximal @entity551 ( @entity551 ) and @entity551 per mean arterial pressure (MAP) with CN stimulation than those in the sham group. In the group with an immediate intracavernous injection of ADSCs, the mean @entity551 and @entity551 /MAP were significantly higher than those in the injured control group. Histologically, the group with the intracavernous injection of ADSCs had more myelinated axons of CNs and more @entity1110 -diaphorase-positive nerve fibers than the injured control group but fewer than the sham group. Intracavernous injection of ADSCs treatment had beneficial effects on the smooth muscle/collagen ratio in the corpus cavernosum. These results show that the intracavernous injection of ADSCs to the site of CN-crush injury facilitates nerve regeneration and recovery of erectile function. Our research indicates that penile injection of ADSCs can improve recovery of erectile function in a @entity35 model of @entity2613 .

title: Effects of intracavernous injection of adipose-derived stem cells on cavernous nerve regeneration in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity2613 :: ('MESH:C536181', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic ED']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracavernous pressure', 'maximal ICP', 'ICP']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Crush-injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of @entity2194 cannot be explained by @entity56 alone, and T cell-mediated @entity32 has been strongly implicated as a possible additional mechanism. Previous studies suggested that T(H2)-like T cells play an important role in one form of @entity2194 . OBJECTIVES: This study examined the cytokine profile of T cells in different clinical groups of subjects with @entity2194 (i.e., @entity5902 [ @entity5902 ], @entity9849 [ @entity9849 ], and @entity1377 conjunctivitis [GPC]) and normal control subjects. METHODS: In situ hybridization was used to identify cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA), and two-color immunohistochemical analysis was used to demonstrate cytokine immunoreactivity localizing to T cells in the conjunctiva. RESULTS: Allergic tissue expressed increased levels of mRNA for @entity2772 , @entity3646 , and @entity225 when compared with normal tissue. There was significantly greater @entity1199 mRNA expression in subjects with @entity9849 than in those with @entity5902 (p = 0.004) and those with GPC (p = 0.02). Immunoreactivity for T-cell @entity225 was present more frequently in subjects with @entity5902 (p = 0.004), GPC (p = 0.02), and @entity9849 (p = 0.04) than in normal control subjects. However, T-cell @entity379 protein expression was greater in subjects with @entity9849 than in subjects with @entity5902 (p = 0.01), GPC (p = 0.01), and control subjects (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These results show a T(H2)-like T-cell cytokine array in subjects with @entity5902 and GPC but a shift in cytokine profile toward a T(H1)-like pattern, potentially because of differences in chronicity of the disorders, in subjects with @entity9849 . These important functional T-cell variations in @entity56 conditions are likely to be important in understanding differences in clinical characteristics and therapeutic responses.

title: T-cell cytokines in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allergic eye disease']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['giant papillary']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['atopic keratoconjunctivitis', 'AKC']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allergic eye', 'type I hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity5902 :: ('MESH:D003233', 'Disease') :: ['VKC', 'vernal keratoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['chronic allergic eye disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction is common in old age, but its basis is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that difficulty in identifying odours in old age is related to the accumulation of @entity195 pathology. METHODS: As part of the Rush Memory and Aging Project, @entity1 completed the 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test, a standard measure of odour identification. During a mean (standard deviation (SD)) of 2.2 (1.2) years of follow-up (range 0.2-4.9), 166 @entity1 died, with brain autopsies performed on 129 (77.7%) @entity1 and neuropathological examinations completed on 77 (mean (SD) age at death 87.5 (5.9) years; median postmortem interval 6.1 h). From a uniform postmortem examination of multiple brain regions, summary measures of plaque and tangle pathology were derived on the basis of @entity575 staining, and those of amyloid beta burden, tangle density and Lewy bodies on the basis of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Odour identification performance ranged from 0 to 12 correct (mean (SD) 8.0 (2.6)). In analyses adjusted for age, sex and education, a composite measure of plaques and tangles accounted for >12% of the variation in odour identification. The association remained after controlling for @entity303 or semantic memory. Density of tau tangles was inversely related to odour identification. A similar effect for amyloid burden was attenuated after controlling for tangles. The association with odour identification was robust for tangles in the entorhinal cortex and @entity1399 /subiculum area of the hippocampus, but not for tangles in other cortical sites. Lewy bodies, identified in 12.5%, were not related to odour identification, probably partly due to to their relative infrequency. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that difficulty in identifying familiar odours in old age is partly due to the accumulation of neurofibrillar pathology in central olfactory regions.

title: The relationship between cerebral XXXX pathology and odour identification in old age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atypical @entity5606 ( @entity1129 /RT) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a highly malignant @entity5 seen frequently in infancy and early childhood. This report presents a 9-year-old @entity1 of primary third @entity5606 with peritoneal @entity3 after ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt catheter implantation for @entity1276 before the identification of the @entity1221 . METHODS: The data of clinical course, laboratory and imaging studies were obtained and carefully reviewed. Serial imaging studies including enhanced CT and MRI were performed at the first admission, during which the @entity1 was diagnosed with a non-malignant communicating @entity1276 . Secondary radiological studies were carried out 5 months after VP shunt, during which the @entity1 demonstrated worsening clinical signs of @entity428 . An imaging study identified a @entity5 in the third ventricle. RESULTS: The @entity1 was treated by a surgical resection, showing the specimen was pathologically consistent with @entity1129 /RT 5 months after VP shunt. Systematic chemotherapy and radiotherapy were prescribed for the @entity1 . After 6 months, PET/CT revealed peritoneal @entity3 but negative findings in the CNS. The parents of the @entity1 refused further intervention, and she died one month later. CONCLUSION: VP shunt in a @entity1 with @entity1129 /RT may cause distant seeding of the @entity5 in unrelated areas of the body, even after intensive multimodality treatment. Further studies on shunt related @entity3 are needed.

title: Peritoneal @entity3 of third ventricular atypical @entity5606 after VP shunt implantation for unexplained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular AT/RT', 'teratoid/rhabdoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: 1. The relationship between the anti-inflammatory activity of the @entity5157 venom @entity51100 in the carrageenin-induced @entity4 of the @entity35 hind paw and its mast cell degranulating activity has been reinvestigated. 2. Mast cell degranulation caused by compound 48/80 (10 mg kg-1) or by allergen challenge in @entity35 sensitized to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis also suppressed @entity35 hind paw @entity4 in the same test. 3. The anti-inflammatory activities of @entity51100 and compound 48/80 were partially suppressed by pretreatment of @entity35 with @entity8765 and @entity3858 , at doses (2.5 mg kg-1) that completely suppressed skin reactions to these mast cell-derived @entity4478 . Pretreatment of @entity35 with compound 48/80 also suppressed the apparent anti-inflammatory actions of @entity51100 and of compound 48/80. 4. Injection of @entity51100 together with carrageenin increased the inflammatory response in the @entity35 hind paw. 5. The anti-inflammatory activity of @entity51100 and of compound 48/80 in the @entity6671 -induced swelling of the @entity35 hind paw arises from mast cell degranulation in vivo.

title: Anti-inflammatory activity of @entity5157 venom @entity51100 ( XXXX ) and compound 48/80 results from mast cell degranulation in vivo.

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity6671 :: ('MESH:D002351', 'Chemical') :: ['carrageenin']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine']

answer: @entity51100 :: (406134(Tax:7460),Gene) :: ['mast cell degranulating peptide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The success of cardiac surgery has created a new group of @entity1 : those with 'adult @entity299 ' ( @entity299 ) who may need specialist advice about contraception and pregnancy. The study objective was to investigate whether @entity1 with @entity299 were receiving appropriate advice on contraception. METHODS: The study setting comprised a combined adult @entity299 and contraception and sexual health clinic operating alongside each other, once a month, at Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Data were collected on 46 consecutive female @entity1 attending the clinic between April 2002 and October 2003. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 46 (35%) @entity1 had never discussed contraception with a health professional. Nine of these @entity1 were sexually active and were using condoms. Seven of these @entity1 chose to start hormonal contraception following consultation. Ten of the 30 (33%) @entity1 who had previously discussed contraception with either their general practitioner or family planning clinic had received inappropriate advice. Of these 30 @entity1 , 24 needed contraception: 12 (50%) continued with their current method, 10 (42%) started hormonal contraception having previously used either condoms or no contraception and two (8%) changed their current hormonal method to a more effective long-term method (progestogen-only pill to progestogen implant). There had been eight unplanned pregnancies in seven @entity1 . There was poor knowledge among the @entity1 about long-acting hormonal methods, particularly progestogen injectables and implants. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience has highlighted the substandard provision of @entity458 for adults with @entity299 . Many of these @entity1 receive either no advice or inappropriate advice about contraception. Suitable effective reversible methods are often denied by health professionals who are concerned about the safety of hormonal contraceptives in @entity1 with 'heart problems'. Preconception advice and birth control information should be given to all female @entity1 with @entity299 , as correct information will avoid the potential risks of an unplanned pregnancy. A monthly regional combined clinic staffed by a cardiologist and family planning doctor provides the ideal opportunity for education of @entity1 and health professionals alike. Good practice is then disseminated across specialities and into the community, encouraging multidisciplinary guidelines and pathways of referral to be developed.

title: A collaborative clinic between contraception and @entity458 and an adult XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health services']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who receive bone marrow transplants have increased risk for new malignant conditions because of several risk factors, including conditioning with radiation and chemotherapy, immune stimulation, and @entity5 . The occurrence of and risk factors for @entity5 in long-term survivors must be assessed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk and define potential risk factors for new malignant conditions in long-term survivors after marrow transplantation. DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter study. SETTING: Study of the Late Effects Working Party with 45 transplantation centers cooperating in the European Cooperative Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. @entity1 : 1036 consecutive @entity1 who underwent transplantation for @entity1778 , @entity706 , @entity74 of the hematopoietic and immune systems, or severe @entity2150 . Transplantation was done before December 1985, and @entity1 had survived more than 5 years. MEASUREMENTS: Reports on @entity5 were evaluated, and the incidence was compared to that in the general population. @entity1 age and sex, @entity66 and status at transplantation, histocompatibility of the donor, conditioning regimen, type of prophylaxis of @entity2132 , development of @entity2132 , and treatment of @entity2132 were evaluated as variables. RESULTS: Median follow-up since transplantation was 10.7 years (range, 5 to 22.1 years). @entity5 were seen in 53 @entity1 ; the actuarial incidence (+/- SE) was 3.5% +/- 0.6% at 10 years and 12.8% +/- 2.6% at 15 years. The rate of new @entity5 was 3.8-fold higher than that in an age-matched control population (P < 0.001). The most frequent @entity5 were @entity5 of the skin (14 @entity1 ), oral cavity (7 @entity1 ), uterus (including cervix) (5 @entity1 ), thyroid gland (5 @entity1 ), breast (4 @entity1 ), and glial tissue (3 @entity1 ). Median age of @entity1 and their donors was 21 years. @entity5 were more frequent in older @entity1 and in @entity1 with @entity2132 . Older @entity1 age and treatment of @entity2132 with @entity205 were significant risk factors for new @entity5 after bone marrow transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of @entity5 and immunosuppressive treatment with @entity205 for @entity2132 as dominant risk factors indicate that immunosuppression is the major cause of @entity5 in @entity1 receiving marrow transplants.

title: XXXX in long-term survivors of bone marrow transplantation. Late Effects Working Party of the European Cooperative Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the European Late Effect Project Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'Patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'Malignant neoplasms', 'malignant primary disease', 'malignant disease', 'malignant diseases', 'malignant neoplasms', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease', 'acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease', 'chronic graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inborn diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Dietary @entity1735 intake during @entity1068 ingestion augments the induction of hepatic @entity11920 ( @entity11920 ) by @entity1068 . This study addresses the role of @entity1735 intake in the development of @entity7936 in the @entity35 . METHODS: Male @entity35 were pair-fed on liquid diets containing @entity1068 (3.5 g/day, 36% of total calories) with different amounts of @entity1735 and fat for 4 weeks, and the @entity1560 was observed biochemically and morphologically. RESULTS: An @entity1068 -containing low- @entity1735 diet (protein 17%; fat 36%; @entity1735 11%; @entity1068 36%) had more markedly adverse effects on the liver of @entity35 than did an isocaloric @entity1068 -containing high- @entity1735 diet (protein 17%; fat 5%; @entity1735 42%; @entity1068 36%). The hepatic @entity412 level in the @entity35 that consumed the low- @entity1735 diet was higher than that in the @entity35 kept on the high- @entity1735 diet, a finding that was confirmed histologically. The @entity1068 -containing low- @entity1735 diet caused a marked increase in the activity of hepatic @entity11920 . The @entity11920 protein level, as measured by Western blot analysis, matched the activity of @entity11920 , as measured by the rates of @entity1232 , @entity11921 and @entity1068 metabolism. The severity of the @entity1560 was well correlated with the increased @entity11920 activity. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary @entity1735 intake plays an important role in the development of @entity7936 by affecting @entity11920 activity in the liver. A liquid diet containing @entity1068 in which the @entity1068 is included at the expense of fat is more acceptable to @entity35 than a diet in which the @entity1068 replaces @entity1735 .

title: Dietary @entity1735 intake plays an important role in preventing @entity7936 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['development of fatty liver', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity11921 :: ('MESH:C024836', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrophenol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We evaluated factors associated with physicians' intentions to perform Pap smears in @entity1082 -vaccinated @entity1 . DESIGN: Physicians were mailed a survey asking about intentions to change cervical @entity5 screening based on @entity1 ' @entity1082 vaccination status. @entity1 : A national sample of 1,738 Family Physicians, Internal Medicine Physicians, Pediatricians, and Obstetricians and Gynecologists was selected from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile. Completed surveys were received from 1,118 physicians, of which 791 were included in the analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bivariate analyses compared physician, practice, and @entity1 characteristics by intention change screening frequency. Significant variables were included in a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: Overall, 81.8% (n = 647) of physicians reported not planning to change Pap smear frequency for vaccinated @entity1 . Internal Medicine physicians were significantly more likely than Obstetrician/Gynecologists to report intentions to change frequency for vaccinated @entity1 . Other factors significantly associated with the intention to change frequency were self-identification as a late adopter of new vaccines, a solo practice, and practicing primarily in a clinic or hospital-based setting. CONCLUSIONS: Although it appears most clinicians understand that @entity1082 vaccination should not alter current screening practices, there is a need to develop and evaluate interventions for physicians who are likely to change their screening pattern based on @entity1082 vaccination receipt.

title: Physicians' intentions to change pap smear frequency following XXXX vaccination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: In an attempt to improve the relevance of @entity1 @entity5 xenografts to the clinical situation, we have established 3 models of @entity1 @entity43 (IGROV1, A2780 and NIH:OVCAR-3) in @entity19 in which progressive @entity298 resulted in the @entity5 -bearing animals (median survival times: 32, 40 and 64 days, respectively). Histological analyses revealed both common and different characteristics in growth patterns and dissemination profiles. In each case, three stages of the disease were defined (early, intermediate and late). The antitumour activities of @entity632 , @entity900 , @entity786 and @entity1311 were then compared when administered at the early stage where @entity5 nodules were detectable in the peritoneal cavity of the animals. Significant antitumour activities of @entity900 and particularly @entity1311 were noted in terms of increase in survival time of the treated @entity19 (T/C values for IGROV1, A2780 and NIH:OVCAR-3 respectively: 152%, 167%, and 187% for @entity900 and 211%, 179% and >283% for @entity1311 ), @entity1311 being curative against the NIH:OVCAR-3 xenograft. These results reflect the high efficacy of these two drugs in the clinic in the treatment of @entity43 . The clinically used @entity49309 @entity5 marker, not detectable in healthy @entity19 , was measured in the serum of @entity19 bearing IGROV1 and NIH:OVCAR-3 @entity5 . @entity49309 serum levels increased as a function of time and were well correlated to disease progression. Moreover, treatment with @entity900 and @entity1311 led to significant decreases in these levels of between 58% and 100%. This human serum marker could be used to predict early on the efficacy of chemotherapy in these two models. In conclusion, the three experimental @entity43 possess several important characteristics of the @entity1 disease and may thus be used as a screen to select new antitumour drugs potentially active in this pathology.

title: Biological and pharmacological characterisation of three models of @entity1 @entity43 established in @entity19 : use of the @entity49309 XXXX marker to predict antitumour activity.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['small multifocal tumour', 'death of tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lowered gut blood perfusion and the associated intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction is considered important in the pathophysiology leading to @entity3124 . Intestinal mucosal @entity842 formation has been attributed a key role in the regulation of epithelial permeability and other properties of the intestinal mucosal barrier. This study was performed to delineate intestinal mucosal NO formation during @entity3485 or @entity295 , both of which are associated with intestinal hypoperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen @entity1707 were subjected to 2 h of severe @entity3485 ( @entity548 induced) or @entity295 (systemic infusion of live @entity526 ) or no treatment (controls). Jejunal mucosal NO production was monitored by a tonometer. Mesenteric blood flow was measured as portal venous blood flow by an ultrasonic transit time flowmeter probe, and @entity26 delivery and consumption were calculated from regional blood samples. RESULTS: Intestinal perfusion and @entity26 delivery were reduced by the same order of magnitude in both groups. Jejunal mucosal NO production and @entity26 consumption decreased markedly in the @entity3485 group but remained stable in the group subjected to @entity326 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity190 inhibits jejunal mucosal NO production as part of a general downregulation of nonvital organs. @entity295 represents a more complex stress condition with activation/maintenance of host defense mechanisms as reflected by maintained jejunal mucosal NO production despite reduced gut blood perfusion.

title: Jejunal luminal @entity842 during severe @entity3485 and XXXX in anesthetized @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: AIMS: This study was designed to assess the efficacy of low dose @entity1499 , 15 mg weekly, as a @entity134 -sparing agent in @entity748 @entity1 requiring long-term oral @entity229 treatment. METHODS: The study was a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, cross over study of 48 weeks duration. Eleven @entity1 with severe @entity134 -dependent @entity565 were included. A successful outcome was defined as a reduction in mean @entity229 requirements of 7 mg daily compared to baseline requirements, during active treatment. RESULTS: Two @entity1 were required to be withdrawn owing to @entity1499 -related adverse effects. The mean @entity229 dose for @entity1 who completed the study was 14.4 mg per day (95% CI; 13.6, 15.1) during active treatment, and 12.9 mg per day (95% CI: 12.2, 13.6) during placebo treatment (NS). Only one @entity1 reduced his individual dose requirements by more than 7 mg per day, whereas in three @entity1 @entity229 requirements actually increased during active treatment. There were no significant differences in symptom scores, pulmonary function data, and exacerbations between active and placebo treatments. CONCLUSION: No significant @entity134 -sparing effect was obtained using low dose @entity1499 in this study. This negative outcome may be attributable to the small population of @entity1 studied, low baseline FEV1, and the omission of a @entity134 minimisation run-in period. Our results highlight the importance of careful @entity1 selection and a painstaking approach in the management of @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent @entity565 .

title: XXXX in the management of severe @entity134 dependent @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: We intensively reviewed 137 smears initially classified as @entity1358 of undetermined significance (AGUS) to refine cytological criteria for evaluating these cases, evaluate histological outcomes, and assess the value of @entity1082 ) DNA testing in management. Consenting, nonpregnant study @entity1 were identified from a cohort of 46,009 @entity1 receiving routine Pap smear screening in a managed care setting. Colposcopy was performed on all @entity1 , and at least one histological sample was obtained from each. Review diagnoses were assigned to smears and biopsy specimens by two separate panels of pathologists. DNA testing for @entity5 -associated HPV types was performed on rinses of cytological samplers after a smear and thin-layer slide had been made. On review, 47 (34%) smears were reclassified as negative, 44 (32%) as AGUS, 30 (22%) as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), and 16 (12%) as @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). The 19 smears interpreted as high-grade intraepithelial lesions on review included 13 @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), two @entity1893 with AGUS, favor neoplastic (endocervical @entity15709 [ @entity15709 ]), and four AGUS, favor neoplastic ( @entity15709 ). Review histological diagnoses were negative in 105 (77%), @entity1544 in four (3%), @entity258 ( @entity258 ) in nine (7%), @entity1893 in 12 (9%), @entity15709 in five (4%, including two with concurrent @entity1893 ), and @entity1204 in one (1%). HPV testing identified 11 (92%) of 12 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity1893 and all five with @entity15709 (100%). A high-grade intraepithelial lesion or @entity189 is detected in approximately 14% of @entity1 with community-based diagnoses of AGUS who are referred for immediate evaluation. Use of refined cytological criteria and HPV DNA testing may permit improved management of @entity1 with AGUS.

title: Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS): cytopathologic features, histopathologic results, and XXXX DNA detection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LSIL', 'low-grade SIL']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous or glandular atypia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['atypical glandular cells']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade SIL', 'HSIL']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'SIL']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 51-year-old @entity1 presented with right upper abdominal discomfort for three weeks. Her medical history revealed a lower abdominal gynecological laparoscopy and an ileocaecal resection 7 years ago. INVESTIGATIONS: Blood samples including liver enzymes were within normal limits. An upper abdominal ultrasound failed to reveal a gallbladder. An MRI with MR-cholangiography confirmed the abscence of a gallbladder, thus the diagnosis of a @entity26528 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: The @entity1 was informed about the benign nature of her diagnosis and was discharged. The right upper abdominal discomfort was mild and untypical, and most probably not caused by the @entity26528 . CONCLUSION: Gallbladder agenesis is rare. The @entity4670 has to be taken into account if no gallbladder can be found during imaging or surgery. Sonography is not the adequate method for diagnosing @entity26528 .

title: [Gallbladder agenesis, a rare XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorder']

entities_list: @entity26528 :: ('MESH:C562564', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder agenesis']

answer: @entity4670 :: (MESH:D009358,Disease) :: ['congenital disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the relation between antiplatelet agent (APA) use and survival and morbidity from @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity1002 . BACKGROUND: APAs play an important role in the prevention and treatment of @entity301 . Their effects in @entity1 with @entity1002 are unknown. METHODS: We reviewed data on APA use in 6,797 @entity1 enrolled in the Studies of @entity1002 (SOLVD) trial and analyzed the relation between their use and all-cause mortality as well as the combined end point of @entity204 or hospital admission for @entity712 ( @entity712 ). We used Cox regression to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics and to test for the interaction between APA use and selected @entity1 variables in relation to outcome. RESULTS: APA use (46.3% of @entity1 ) was associated with significantly reduced mortality from all causes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73 to 0.92, p = 0.0005) and reduced risk of @entity204 or hospital admission for @entity712 (adjusted HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.89, p < 0.0001) but was not influenced by trial assignment, gender, LV ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class or etiology. A strong interaction was observed among APA use, randomization group and all-cause mortality. The association between APA use and survival was not observed in the @entity4688 group, nor was an @entity4688 benefit on survival detectable in @entity1 receiving APAs at baseline. However, randomization to @entity4688 therapy significantly reduced the combined end point of @entity204 or hospital admission for @entity712 in APA users. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1002 , use of APAs is associated with improved survival and reduced morbidity. This association is retained after adjustment for baseline characteristics. APA use is associated with retained but reduced benefit from @entity4688 .

title: Antiplatelet agents and survival: a cohort analysis from the Studies of XXXX (SOLVD) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left Ventricular Dysfunction', 'LV systolic dysfunction', 'left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left Ventricular Dysfunction']


abstract: In 60 @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity158 < or = 4 h), we examined the value of ST segment monitoring in predicting early reperfusion, resulting left @entity16 , and complications during hospitalization. Two criteria were determined by observation of the ST segment elevation during the first 4 h following initiation of thrombolysis. Early reperfusion was assessed by an early increase of the @entity908 phosphokinase (CK) with measurements taken in 15-min intervals. Cardiac catheterization was performed on days 11 +/- 5. According to the CK measurements, a reduction of the ST elevation > or = 50% within 1 h of serial ECG follow-up (ST criterion A) was the best indicator of early reperfusion (sensitivity 84%, specificity 80%, positive predictive value 93%, negative predictive value 67%). Simple comparison of the ST segment in the initial ECG and an ECG recorded 3 h later (ST criterion B) was less accurate according to the detection of early reperfusion (sensitivity 68%, specitivity 93%, positive predictive value 97%, negative predictive value 50%). However, contrary to ST criterion A, criterion B was useful in predicting subsequent left @entity16 . @entity1 with a resolution of the initial ST elevation > or = 70%/3 h showed smaller regional wall motion abnormalities (dyssynergic area 21.3 +/- 20.3 vs 33.8 +/- 18.4, p < 0.01) and a better left ventricular ejection fraction (57.7 +/- 11.6 vs 50.2 +/- 12.6, p < 0.05). @entity1 with early reduction of the ST elevation following either criterion experienced fewer critical events (reinfarction, reischemia, @entity204 ). In conclusion, the investigated criteria are useful in assessing reperfusion of the infarcted @entity432 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Detection of early reperfusion and prediction of left @entity16 from the course of increased ST values in acute XXXX with thrombolysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular damage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery following thrombolysis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of chordal transfer around the cleft on left @entity340 in the late postoperative period. METHODS: Forty-four adult @entity1 underwent surgical correction of partial @entity474 between 1983 and 1997. Fenestration was found in 8 @entity1 (18.2%) and cleft, in 35 (79.5%). There was no chordal support of the free edges of the left superior and left inferior leaflets around the cleft in 18 @entity1 . Two chordae were mobilized from the left lateral leaflet and reimplanted into the tip of the left superior and left inferior leaflets around the cleft. RESULTS: At 5 years postoperatively, left @entity338 was severe in 5 @entity1 and moderate in 11 @entity1 who had had cleft closure alone. In contrast, severe @entity340 was present in only 1 @entity1 in the group with chordal transfer (p < 0.05). Reoperation was done in 5 @entity1 with isolated cleft closure. Left AV valve replacement was performed in 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Chordal transfer plus cleft closure with interrupted sutures significantly reduces early and late left @entity338 and also decreases the rate of reoperation.

title: Left atrioventricular valve repair technique in partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve competence', 'valvular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve insufficiency', 'atrioventricular valve incompetence']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of 3-month @entity342 deprivation therapy (st-ADT) a secondary chemoprevention of @entity263 ( @entity263 ). METHODS: A prospective phase II study enrolled @entity1 over 4 years with low-risk @entity263 and the following characteristics: PSA < 10 ng/mL, Gleason score of 6 (3 + 3) or less, three positive cores or less, and @entity5 stage T2a or less. @entity1 received a single sub-cutaneous injection of 22.5 mg of @entity3086 with Atrigel 3-month depot associated with a daily oral intake of @entity12195 50 mg/day during 15 days around the injection. Follow-up included PSA and bioavailable @entity251 blood tests every 3 months and yearly surveillance biopsies. Primary end point was the presence of @entity263 on biopsy at last follow-up. Secondary end points were detailed pathological features and adverse events. RESULTS: Overall, 98 @entity1 were included and 45 of them (45.9 %) had a negative biopsy after a median follow-up of 13 months [11-19.5]. Of the 53 @entity1 with positive biopsy, 17 had pathologic progression because of upgraded Gleason score (11 @entity1 ), four or more positive cores (three @entity1 ) or both (three @entity1 ). The only significant predictive factor biopsy outcome was the number of positive cores at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary chemoprevention by st-ADT for localized @entity263 could be useful to pinpoint indolent @entity5 suitable for @entity5427 . Indeed, after st-ADT nearly one @entity1 out of two had negative biopsies and 17 % had pathological progression. This is an innovative option to consider as an alternative to current @entity5427 protocols contingent upon confirmation in subsequent studies.

title: Secondary chemoprevention of localized @entity263 by short-term @entity342 deprivation to select indolent XXXX suitable for active surveillance: a prospective pilot phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide acetate']

entities_list: @entity12195 :: ('MESH:C053541', 'Chemical') :: ['bicalutamide']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCa', 'indolent-localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The authors report a rare case of @entity1653 presenting as @entity6477 . A 60-year-old female was introduced to our hospital complaining of @entity2794 . CT and MRI demonstrated a @entity5 with a subdural @entity1410 in the posterior fossa. The @entity5 was enhanced intensively on MRI and showed the dural tail sign. The @entity1 developed progressive @entity1662 along with @entity1276 . After ventricular drainage, emergency intracranial decompression through @entity1410 evacuation and partial @entity5 resection was performed. One month later, she improved clinically and the @entity5 resected totally in the second craniotomy. Histological examination showed a @entity1653 with high vascularity in part. She recovered uneventfully and was discharged on foot. We discussed the etiology of an @entity6477 caused by intratumoral hemorrhage and reviewed past literatures.

title: [A case of XXXX presented as an acute subdural hemorrhage].

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'petrotentorial tumor']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['petrotentorial meningioma', 'meningothelial meningioma']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['sudden headache and gait disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of consciousness']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['petrotentorial meningioma']


abstract: Work-related @entity130 contribute to a quarter of all burns in the USA. In 2009, the provincial Workplace Safety and Insurance Board reported 64,824 work-related injuries that resulted in time lost, 1188 injuries (2%) were a result of burns. There were two previous studies performed at a regional burn centre (1984-1990 and 1998-2000) that examined incidence and characteristics of work-related burns. There was no significant change between these two groups. The purpose of this study was to identify the recent pattern of work-related burns from 2001 to 2010 and to compare it to the previous studies. During the study period, 1427 @entity1 were admitted for an acute injury to the regional burn centre. Of these, 330 were due to a work-related incident (23%). The mean age of @entity1 was 40.5  11.9 years, 95% were male. The mean total body surface area burn was 11.9  16.2%. The most common mechanism of injury was flame (32.7%) followed by electrical (27%) and scald (19.7%), @entity130 was present in 4.8% of @entity1 and the mortality was 1.8%. Our study shows a significant decrease in the incidence in work-related burns treated at the regional burn centre (23.1% vs. 28.2% vs. 30.2%, p<0.01), flame burns have now become the leading cause of injury, there was a significant reduction in @entity130 (4.8% vs. 23% vs. 14.8%, p<0.00001), and mortality over time (1.8% vs. 4% vs. 6.7% p=0.02). These findings strongly suggest a change in the cause of work-related burns, improvement in burn care, and that prevention strategies may have been more effective.

title: Work-related XXXX in Ontario, Canada: A follow-up 10-year retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inhalation injury', 'burn injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injuries']


abstract: AIMS: Endothelins (ETs) are peptides expressed in many @entity5 which may stimulate angiogenesis and desmoplasia. Because ETs have not been extensively studied mammary @entity5 , we assessed ET protein and mRNA expression and receptor mRNA expression in normal and neoplastic breast tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tissues from five normal breasts, six @entity1557 , seven @entity513 in situ (DCIS) and 25 invasive @entity189 were stained with anti- @entity2232 and anti- @entity6423 antibodies and analysed using a grading system. @entity2232 , @entity6423 , @entity2231 and @entity1627 mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR from eight @entity189 and five normals. Weak staining for @entity6422 was detected in all normals. Moderate to strong staining was seen in 72% and 64% of @entity189 for @entity6422 , respectively. Most @entity1557 showed weak positivity for @entity2232 (83%) and @entity6423 (67%). @entity6422 mRNA levels were upregulated in @entity189 compared with normal breast. No @entity2231 mRNA was not detected in any tissue. @entity1627 mRNA was detected in normal breast and was increased in @entity189 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the ET system is altered in @entity0 and this may be of importance in the progression from in-situ to @entity189 .

title: Augmented expression of @entity2232 , XXXX and the endothelin-B receptor in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas']

answer: @entity6423 :: (1908,Gene) :: ['endothelin-3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications located at the tracheostoma often occur in combination with @entity580 . We posed the question: how is the surgical result in tracheal resections influenced by bacterial contamination with multiresistant germs? @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 2005 and 2009 we performed a primary end-to-end-resection of the @entity825 after tracheotomy in 30 @entity1 . The demographic basic data, the diagnostic data on @entity6184 after decanullation and type of tracheotomy were documented. Preoperatively all @entity1 underwent a flexible bronchoscopy with bronchial lavage. All @entity1 received an antibiotic inhalation therapy postoperatively. RESULTS: 16 @entity1 presented a status post-permanent tracheotomy (PT), in 14 cases after percutaneous dilatative tracheotomy (PDT). In 64% of all cases the preoperative bronchial lavage was positive for bacterial contamination. The major pathogen was with 23% a multiresistant @entity796 (MR). In three cases long-term-complications occurred, all of which were bacterially contaminated. CONCLUSION: After long-term intubation a bacterial contamination is very common and presents a negative predictor for the outcome of primary tracheal end-to-end resections. A prophylactic postoperative antibiotic therapy can improve the short- and long-term results.

title: [Influence of @entity580 on resection of XXXX after tracheotomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity6184 :: (MESH:D014135,Disease) :: ['tracheal stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide safe, satisfying @entity1337 when epidural analgesia was unavailable. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled study of @entity1 in labor. SETTING: A regional hospital offering primary- and secondary-level obstetric care. @entity1 : Thirty-nine @entity1 with low-risk, single, term pregnancies and anticipated vaginal delivery. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 in the intermittent intramuscular (IM) injection group received @entity6882 50-100 mg, every 2 hours, as required. Those in the intravenous (IV) infusion group received an initial bolus of @entity6882 25 mg, a basal infusion rate of 60 mg/h, and intermittent boluses of 25 mg/h as required. Each @entity1 had a maximum of 200 mg of @entity6882 available to her during labor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity158 intensity was measured on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. @entity158 ratings were recorded when analgesia was initiated and every 30 minutes thereafter, until delivery. RESULTS: @entity1 who received IV @entity6882 reported significantly lower levels of @entity158 (p = .0015) than @entity1 in the IM group. However, @entity1 in the IV group received significantly higher doses of @entity6882 (mean = 121 mg) than those in the IM group (mean = 82 mg; p = .0007). When @entity158 scores were compared on a smaller group of @entity1 (n = 18) who received similar doses of @entity6882 (100-150 mg), @entity1 in the IV group still reported lower @entity158 scores (p = .0092). No significant differences were found between the groups in length of labor, maternal vital signs, fetal heart rate, Apgar scores, level of maternal sedation, or @entity1 -reported side effects. CONCLUSION: IV @entity6882 infusion was superior to intermittent IM injections for @entity158 relief during labor.

title: Intravenous @entity6882 infusion for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Women', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['obstetric analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The importance of mesenchymal characteristics has not been fully elucidated in @entity418 . METHODS: Ten normal and 77 @entity5 specimens were collected. Microarray analysis was performed to analyze the expression patterns of epithelial markers, mesenchymal markers, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes and stem cell markers. RT-PCR analysis was conducted to confirm the results of microarray analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to verify the level of protein expression. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between selected genes and clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: Microarray analysis showed that epithelial markers were significantly down-regulated whereas mesenchymal markers and EMT transcription factors were up-regulated in @entity5 cells. Two types of gene expression patterns were found in the clustering analysis, type 1 @entity5 and type 2 @entity5 . Type 1 @entity5 clusters did not reveal a fixed gene expression pattern whereas type 2 @entity5 clusters revealed up-regulation of mesenchymal markers EMT inducers and related genes. @entity2277 and fibronectin were selected to distinguish between @entity5 types 1 and 2. Type 2 @entity5 showed significantly larger @entity5 sizes (p < 0.0001), wider ranges of lymph node @entity3 (p = 0.0057), and a more severe clinical stage (p < 0.0001) than did type 1 @entity5 . The prognosis of @entity1 with type 2 @entity5 was significantly worse than that of @entity1 with type 1 @entity5 . Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that classification of type 2 @entity5 was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of mesenchymal markers in @entity418 is useful in distinguishing @entity1 with a poor prognosis.

title: Expression of mesenchymal markers XXXX and fibronectin: the clinical significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2277 :: (7431,Gene) :: ['vimentin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the functional interactions of junctional proteins acting as regulators of vascular permeability in the @entity1 corpus luteum. We investigated the role of @entity3545 , nectin 2, and @entity15185 as controllers of vascular endothelial cell permeability. DESIGN: Performing immunohistochemical dual staining, we colocalized the above-mentioned proteins in the @entity1 corpus luteum. SETTING: Not applicable. @entity1 (S): Not applicable. INTERVENTION(S): Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Using a granulosa-endothelial coculture system, we revealed that @entity3566 -treatment down-regulates @entity3545 , nectin 2, and @entity15185 in endothelial cells via @entity7 ( @entity7 ). RESULT(S): Furthermore, the interaction of @entity3545 , nectin 2, and @entity15185 was investigated by silencing these proteins that perform siRNA knockdown. Interestingly, knockdown of @entity3545 and @entity15185 induced a decrease of the respective other protein. This down-regulation was associated with changed rates of vascular permeability: @entity3566 induced a @entity7 -dependent down-regulation of @entity3545 , nectin 2, and @entity15185 , which increased the endothelial permeability in the coculture system. Furthermore, knockdown of @entity3545 , nectin-2, and @entity15185 also resulted in a consecutive increase of endothelial permeability for each different protein. CONCLUSION(S): These results demonstrate for the first time that @entity3545 , nectin 2, and @entity15185 are involved in the regulation of vascular permeability in a mutually interacting manner, which indicates their prominent role for the functionality of the @entity1 corpus luteum.

title: @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin controls luteal vascular permeability via XXXX by down-regulation of a cascade of adhesion proteins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFA', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3545 :: ('1003', 'Gene') :: ['VE-cadherin', 'vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: Although multicentric @entity12692 is a rare but life-threatening @entity2194 are extremely uncommon. We present a case of refractory @entity1596 accompanied with @entity12692 successfully treated with tocilizumab. A 58-year-old @entity1 with @entity12692 was introduced for refractory @entity1596 to Chiba University Hospital. Large cells were detected in the anterior chamber and increased vascular permeability of retinal vessels has been found in both eyes. Although the @entity1 was treated with oral and eye drop @entity134 treatment, the @entity1596 symptoms had not decreased. The serum levels of CRP and @entity650 were increased. The level of @entity650 concentration in the anterior chamber was the same as the serum level of @entity650 . The humanized anti- @entity650 receptor-antibody (tocilizumab) was administrated for the @entity1 because of poor general condition. After tocilizumab treatment, large cells in the anterior chamber were undetectable and vascular permeability was improved in FA. The serum levels of CRP and @entity650 decreased and the general condition improved. The side effect of tocilizumab was not observed during the treatment. Tocilizumab treatment was significantly effective for @entity1596 accompanied with @entity12692 . Although it is extremely rare, @entity1596 accompanied with @entity12692 may be one of the hallmarks to consider tocilizumab treatment.

title: Refractory @entity1596 in @entity1 with XXXX successfully treated with tocilizumab.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['disease, eye complications']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['Castleman disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['castleman disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of acute- and @entity6494 (ATL) is poor, but there is marked diversity in survival outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a prognostic index (PI) for acute- and @entity706 (ATL-PI). @entity1 AND METHODS: In a retrospective review, data from 807 @entity1 newly diagnosed with acute- and @entity706 between January 2000 and May 2009 were evaluated. We randomly divided subjects into training (n = 404) and validation (n = 403) samples, and developed a PI using a multivariable fractional polynomial model. RESULTS: @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for the 807 @entity1 was 7.7 months. The Ann Arbor stage (I and II v III and IV), performance status (0 to 1 v 2 to 4), and three continuous variables (age, serum albumin, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor [sIL-2R]) were identified as independent prognostic factors in the training sample. Using these variables, a prognostic model was devised to identify different levels of risk. In the validation sample, MSTs were 3.6, 7.3, and 16.2 months for @entity1 at high, intermediate, and low risk, respectively (P < .001;   (2) = 89.7, 2 df; log-rank test). We also simplified the original ATL-PI according to dichotomizing age at 70 years, serum albumin at 3.5 g/dL, and sIL-2R at 20,000 U/mL and developed an easily calculable PI with prognostic discrimination power (P < .001;   (2) = 74.2, 2 df; log-rank test). CONCLUSION: The ATL-PI is a promising new tool for identifying @entity1 with acute- and @entity706 at different risks.

title: Prognostic index for acute- and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma-type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma-type ATL']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Median overall survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity6494 :: (MESH:D015459,Disease) :: ['lymphoma-type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma']