abstract: BACKGROUND: A prospective, randomized clinical trial to assess the effect of reducing the volume of irradiated normal tissue on acute reactions in pelvic radiotherapy accured 266 evaluable @entity1 between 1988 and 1993. PURPOSE: This is the definitive analysis to assess the differences between the conformal and conventional arms of the trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In both arms, @entity1 were treated with 6 MV X-rays using a 3-field technique (in all but 5 cases) consisting of an anterior and two wedged lateral or posterior oblique fields; in the conventional arm, rectangular fields were employed, whereas in the conformal arm, the fields were shaped with customized blocks drawn according to the beam's-eye-view of the target volume. The most common dosage was 64 Gy in 2-Gy fractions 5 times a week, although a subgroup (of ca. bladder @entity1 ) were treated with 30-36 Gy in once-a-week 6 Gy fractions. Each @entity1 completed a comprehensive acute @entity137 scoring questionnaire concentrating on bowel and @entity1494 , tiredness and @entity390 , before the start of treatment, weekly during and for 3 weeks after the end of treatment and then monthly for a further 2 months. compliance was excellent. RESULTS: There were no differences between the @entity1 in the two arms with respect to age, gender, @entity5 type (52% prostate, 41% bladder, 5% rectum, 2% other) fractionation/dosage, anterior field size, weight, or baseline symptoms. Substantial differences in normal-tissue volumes (rectum, bladder, etc.) were achieved: median high-dose volume ( @entity44013 ) of 689 cm3 for the conformal technique versus 792 cm3 for the conventional. A clear pattern of an increase in symptoms during @entity138 , followed by a decrease after @entity138 , was observed for the @entity1 group as a whole. However, a very extensive analysis has not revealed any (statistically) significant differences between the two arms in level of symptoms, nor in medication prescribed. The disparity between our findings and those of other, non-randomized studies is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The data on late effects must be collected and analyzed before any definite conclusions can be drawn on the benefits of conformal therapy in the pelvis.

title: Acute XXXX in pelvic radiotherapy; a randomised trial of conformal versus conventional treatment.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder problems']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Replication of eukaryotic linear chromosomes is incomplete and leaves terminal gaps. The evolutionary widely distributed solution to this "end replication" is twofold: chromosome ends are capped with telomeres, bearing multiple copies of redundant telomeric sequences, and the telomerase enzyme can add (lost) telomeric repeats. Telomerase in @entity1 , as in all mammals, is ubiquitous in all embryonic tissues. In adults, telomerase remains active in germs cells, and, although down-regulated in most somatic tissues, telomerase is active in regenerative tissues and notably, in @entity5 cells. Telomerase activity is linked to cellular proliferation, and its activation seems to be a mandatory step in @entity105 . In contrast to mammals, indeterminately growing multicellular @entity347 , like fish and crustaceae, maintain unlimited growth potential or 'immortality' in all somatic tissues throughout their entire life. Also this cell immortalization is brought about by maintaining telomerase expression. Disease prognosis for @entity1 @entity5 includes evaluation of cell proliferation, based on the detection of proliferation markers with monoclonal antibodies. The significance of the classical marker Ki-67, and of a novel marker @entity39151 are compared with semiquantitative telomerase assays. For @entity5 therapy, telomerase inhibitors are attractive tools. Results with telomerase knock-out @entity19 have revealed promise, but also risk of this approach. On the other side, telomerase stimulation is attractive for expanding the potential of cellular proliferation in vitro, with possible applications for transplantation of in vitro expanded @entity1 cells, for immortalizing primary @entity1 cells as improved tissue models, and for the isolation of otherwise intractable products, like genuine human monoclonal antibodies.

title: Telomerase, immortality and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organisms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is associated with a fivefold excess risk of @entity64 . Antithrombotic therapy is crucial to reduce the risk of @entity64 . During past decades, @entity2067 antagonists ( @entity1229 or @entity11271 ) have been widely used for this purpose. However, they have several disadvantages that limit their daily use in clinical practice. AREAS COVERED: In @entity1 with @entity955 at risk of @entity64 , the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulation therapy (RE-LY) trial demonstrated that, compared with @entity1229 , @entity3926 150 mg b.i.d. was associated with lower rates of @entity64 but similar rates of major @entity548 , whereas @entity3926 110 mg b.i.d. exhibited similar rates of @entity64 , but lower rates of major @entity548 . Fortunately, data about @entity3926 are not limited to RE-LY trial. In fact, many substudies have been drawn, providing new and important evidences about the benefits of @entity3926 . EXPERT OPINION: The most recent evidences about efficacy and safety of @entity3926 in @entity1 with @entity955 , focusing on different substudies of RE-LY trial, are reviewed. In summary, @entity3926 is beneficial not only in general population with @entity955 but also in different subgroups of @entity1 or different clinical settings (i.e., CHADS2 score, INR control, type of AF, elderly, previous transient @entity63 attack or @entity64 , cardioversion and so on).

title: New evidences for old concerns with oral anticoagulation in @entity955 : focus on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke and systemic embolism', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation', 'NVAF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity3926 :: (MESH:C554682,Chemical) :: ['dabigatran']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity1 @entity127 gene cause @entity8404 , an @entity74 . The gene encodes a transmembrane protein which is a ligand of Notch receptors. We report 23 mutations in previously undescribed probands, including 15 novel mutations and 8 recurrent mutations. They map in the part of the gene encoding the extracellular part of the protein. Fifteen mutations are frameshifts and 8 are point mutations. They could give rise to truncated proteins (18/23, including 5 nonsense mutations). There are 2 splice defects, and the 3 missense mutations all cause loss or creation of @entity462 residues in the Delta-Serrate-Lag2 domain or in EGF repeats. The inheritance was studied in 14 families, including those of 2 probands previously studied. Two mutations were transmitted from the father and 3 from the mother. Nine mutations were de novo, further confirmation that the majority of cases are sporadic.

title: Fifteen novel mutations in the @entity127 gene of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity8404 :: ('MESH:D016738', 'Disease') :: ['Alagille syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant developmental disorder']

answer: @entity8404 :: (MESH:D016738,Disease) :: ['Alagille syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity1503 or @entity2040 affects up to 300 million @entity1 worldwide. Although @entity99 commonly occurs, central nervous system involvement is rare. When presenting in the spinal cord, @entity2040 can be difficult to diagnose because it can present as @entity66 or transverse @entity4685 . We describe a @entity1 with lumbar intramedullary @entity2040 who presented to a tertiary medical center in the United States and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 25-year-old Brazilian @entity1 presented with progressive, subacute, bilateral @entity1109 in bladder function. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a diffusely enhancing mass expanding the region of the conus medullaris. INTERVENTION: Laboratory investigation disclosed serum and cerebrospinal fluid @entity1712 . Ultimately, cerebrospinal fluid serology demonstrated the presence of @entity380 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity2039 and @entity230 and made a marked recovery. CONCLUSION: The clinical and radiographic manifestations of @entity2040 can mimic those of intra-axial @entity5 and transverse @entity4685 . To avoid unnecessary surgery or delay in treatment, the clinician must have knowledge of this type of presentation. The increasing volume of international travel and high prevalence of the disease worldwide increases the possibility that the practicing neurosurgeon in the United States may encounter this rare but treatable disease.

title: Lumbar intramedullary XXXX presenting as progressive paraparesis: case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity motor and sensory deficits and disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Blood fluke infection']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis', 'spinal schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['infection of the hepatic and urogenital systems']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['spinal schistosomiasis']


abstract: A Phase I study of recombinant @entity379 ( @entity3692 ) was conducted to determine the @entity137 and pharmacokinetics of this lymphokine in @entity791 ( @entity791 ) @entity1 with @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ). Sixteen @entity1 with @entity791 / @entity2826 were entered into a fixed-dose trial at either 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/m2 of @entity3692 . @entity3692 was initially administered either as a single 24-hr continuous iv infusion or as a single im injection, followed 4 days later by a 10-day course of daily therapy by the same route. Following a 1-week washout period, this sequence of administration was then repeated, with the drug given by the alternate route. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the 1.0-mg/m2 group revealed that peak serum levels of up to 153 U/ml occurred 2-4 hr after im injection and that steady-state levels of up to 40 U/ml were reached approximately 7-12 hr after beginning iv infusion. Dose-related @entity137 in this trial included fever, @entity10 , @entity1295 , @entity390 , and @entity99 , all of which were most severe at the two highest doses. Dose-dependent @entity308 of the total white blood-cell (WBC) count, affecting both granulocytes and lymphocytes, was the most common @entity854 . Natural killer (NK)-cell activity was slightly enhanced at a dose of 0.1 mg/m2 but suppressed at 1.0 mg/m2 of drug; monocyte-mediated @entity137 , in contrast, was significantly increased only at the highest dose. No dose-related changes were noted in @entity2826 , HLA-DR expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymphocyte blastogenesis, or the ability to culture cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) from body fluids. We conclude that a maximally tolerated dose (MTD) for this drug is in the range of 0.1-1.0 mg/m2 and that at least modest evidence of systemic immunomodulation may be seen when @entity3692 is given at doses at or near this MTD.

title: A phase I trial of recombinant XXXX @entity379 in @entity1 with @entity2826 and the @entity791 ( @entity791 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", 'KS', 'KS lesions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormality']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity68 release from human serum @entity69 (hTF) has been studied extensively; however, the molecular details of the mechanism(s) remain incomplete. This is in part due to the complexity of this process, which is influenced by lobe-lobe interactions, the @entity8282 ( @entity8282 ), the salt effect, the presence of a chelator, and acidification within the endosome, resulting in @entity68 release. The present work brings together many of the concepts and assertions derived from previous studies in a methodical, uniform, and visual manner. Examination of earlier work reveals some uncertainty due to sample and technical limitations. We have used a combination of steady-state fluorescence and @entity1133 gels to evaluate the effect of conformation, pH, time, and the soluble portion of the @entity8282 (sTFR) on @entity68 release from each lobe of hTF. The use of authentic recombinant monoferric and locked species removes any possibility of cross-contamination by acquisition of @entity68 . Elimination of detergent by use of the sTFR provides a further technical advantage. We find that @entity68 release from the N-lobe is very sensitive to the conformation of the C-lobe, but is insensitive to the presence of the sTFR or to changes in pH (between 5.6 and 6.4). Specifically, when the cleft of the C-lobe is locked, the @entity1133 gels indicate that only about half of the @entity68 is completely removed from the cleft of the N-lobe. @entity68 release from the C-lobe is most affected by the presence of the sTFR and changes in pH, but is unaffected by the conformation of the N-lobe. A model for @entity68 release from diferric hTF is provided to delineate our findings.

title: Human serum @entity69 : a tale of two lobes. @entity1133 gel and steady state fluorescence analysis of recombinant transferrins as a function of pH, time, and the soluble portion of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8282 :: ('7037', 'Gene') :: ['TFR', 'transferrin receptor']

answer: @entity8282 :: (7037,Gene) :: ['transferrin receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Supraventricular reentrant @entity591 are the most common @entity943 observed in infancy and childhood. The often benign clinical course of the disease warrants careful selection of any antiarrhythmic drug given to prevent recurrencies, in order to avoid potentially dangerous side-effects such as proarrhythmia. This study reports our experience with @entity2165 in the longterm treatment of @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity4710 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A search of our database was made and all the @entity1 admitted in our institution between 1987 and 1995 for treatment of @entity4710 were selected. @entity1 who had longterm oral treatment with @entity2165 were retrospectively evaluated and were seen during 1996 in our outpatient clinic for a follow-up examination including a Holter-monitor. RESULTS: 14 @entity1 and @entity1 with a median age of 2 9/12 years at first presentation could be evaluated. In 10 @entity1 , @entity2165 was the first antiarrhythmic drug given. In 10 of the @entity1 (72%) therapy with @entity2165 was considered successful and no further attacks of @entity591 occurred. In 2 @entity1 a partial response to @entity2165 was seen with an important decrease in the frequency of @entity591 . Two @entity1 showed no effect of treatment and the betablocker was withdrawn. The effect of the drug on heart rate and blood pressure was mild and did not lead to symptoms. In no case had the drug to be withdrawn for adverse effects. After a mean follow-up of 50 months (3-105 months), 7 @entity1 were off the drug and free of recurrencies while among the 5 @entity1 still on @entity2165 , only one experienced rare episodes of @entity591 . CONCLUSION: @entity2165 is efficient in the longterm treatment of @entity4710 and due to its favorable risk profile can be recommended as first line treatment option.

title: [ XXXX for preventing recurrence of atrioventricular reentry tachycardia in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol', 'Atenolol']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity2165 :: (MESH:D001262,Chemical) :: ['Atenolol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the mobility of a @entity692 implant covered with autologous sclera from the enucleated globes of @entity1 with severe @entity194 . METHODS: This implant was used in seven @entity1 with phthisis bulbi. We measured the movement of the implant by photographic analysis of the anterior orbit and by using a strain gauge. RESULTS: At 1-3 years after surgery, neither @entity281 nor prolapse of the implant had occurred in any of the @entity1 . The implant remained stable in the orbit; the extraocular muscles sutured to the sclera of the implant were functioning satisfactorily, and the implants showed great conjugate mobility to the ocular movement of the healthy eye. On photographic analysis of the anterior orbit, the adducting efficiency of the implant was 92.6 +/- 3.3%; the abducting efficiency was 85.9 +/- 5.4%; the supraducting efficiency was 84.9 +/- 5.6%, and the infraducting efficiency was 90.9 +/- 3.9%. The mean tugging weight, as determined using a strain gauge, was 344.2 +/- 29.2 g for adduction, and 327.6 +/- 33.4 g for abduction. These values corresponded to 90.4 +/- 4.4% and 89.5 +/- 5.3% of the respective movements of the healthy eye. CONCLUSIONS: Fitting an artificial eye to the peg of this implant did not greatly impair the movement of the implant, and its mobility was greater than that of the artificial eye of the controls in which a semi-integrated magnetic implant, previously available, had been used. This new technique makes it possible to wear an artificial eye earlier than with other prosthetic procedures.

title: Mobility of XXXX orbital implant covered with autologous sclera.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the eyeball or eyelid retraction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Point prevalence studies are useful in revealing the prevalence of @entity580 ( @entity580 ) and @entity5046 ( @entity5046 ). Such information allows prioritization of @entity281 control resources and aids in overall hospital expenditure cut-backs. METHODS: A one-day point prevalence survey was conducted on May 19, 2003 at the King Fahad National Guard Hospital in Riyadh. Since the survey included @entity580 and @entity5046 all @entity1 were included. Data were collected on the underlying diagnosis, @entity281 if present and whether it was hospital-acquired or community-acquired. We identified the presence of a line-associated blood stream @entity281 (BSI), @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ), catheter-associated @entity293 ( @entity293 ) or a @entity281 ( @entity281 ) based on the United States National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) definitions. RESULTS: Five hundred and sixty-two inpatients were included in the survey. There were 38 @entity1 with 45 (8.0%) @entity580 and 76 (13.5%) @entity1 with a CAI. Of the @entity580 , 31.1% had a line-related BSI, while 28.9% and 24.4% had a @entity2489 and catheter-related @entity293 , respectively. Most of the @entity580 took place in the intensive care units (ICU) (21 (46.7%)), followed by the medical and surgical wards with six (13.3%) cases in each ward. For all @entity580 there was a 12.7-fold increased risk with a hospital stay exceeding eight days (OR: 12.7, CI 3.2-50.6). Most of the 76 @entity5046 were admitted to the medical ward with community-acquired @entity55 (34.9%) as the most common diagnosis. Among the 89 pathogens isolated, @entity796 was the most common (21.3%) followed by Enterococcus spp (16.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The overall rate of @entity580 in our hospital was 8%, with significant risk factors including a hospital stay exceeding eight days. A @entity281 was more likely in a @entity1 with a venous or bladder catheter in place for more than eight days, or a @entity1 mechanically ventilated for more than eight days. Catheter-related UTIs were identified as an important source of @entity281 , requiring ongoing surveillance.

title: Hospital- and XXXX : a point prevalence and risk factors survey in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'device-related infection', 'surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity5046 :: ('MESH:D017714', 'Disease') :: ['CAIs', 'community-acquired infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired infections', 'HAIs']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

answer: @entity5046 :: (MESH:D017714,Disease) :: ['community-acquired infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although functional imaging studies suggest that recruitment of contralesional areas hinders optimal functional reorganization in @entity1 with @entity64 , only limited evidence is available on the efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation aimed at suppression of contralateral overactivation. METHODS: In this randomized, controlled, blinded pilot study, the effect of 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over right-hemispheric Broca homolog in subjects with poststroke @entity2026 in the subacute stage was examined. According to their group allocation, @entity1 received, in addition to conventional speech and language therapy, multiple sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation either over the right-hemispheric inferior frontal gyrus (intervention group) or over the vertex (control group). The primary outcome parameter was the change in laterality indices as quantified by activation positron emission tomography before and after the 2-week intervention period. The clinical efficacy was evaluated with the Aachen Aphasia Test. RESULTS: At baseline, no group differences were discovered for age, laterality indices, or mean Aachen Aphasia Test scores. Four @entity1 were lost to follow-up, but none due to side effects of the transcranial magnetic stimulation. Positron emission tomography revealed an activation shift toward the right hemisphere in the control group (P=0.0165), which was absent in the intervention group. Furthermore, the latter improved significantly clinically by a mean of 19.8 points in the Aachen Aphasia Test total score (P=0.002), whereas the control group did not. There was however no clear linear relationship between the extent of laterality shift and clinical improvement (r=0.193, P=nonsignificant). CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation might be an effective, safe, and feasible complementary therapy for poststroke @entity2026 .

title: Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in XXXX : a randomized controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['aphasic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['aphasic stroke']


abstract: Both the locus coeruleus (LC) and the amygdala have been implicated in aspects of @entity4784 and withdrawal. The LC is known to be one of the most sensitive sites for precipitating @entity146 after local opiate antagonist infusions in @entity1286 -dependent subjects. The amygdala is also known to mediate antagonist-induced @entity146 and aversive motivational states. The goal of the present study was to evaluate directly the ability of noradrenergic agonists and glutamatergic antagonists to attenuate @entity1510 -precipitated @entity146 when infused into the LC or the central nucleus of the amygdala ( @entity13396 ). The alpha-2-noradrenergic agonists @entity1338 or @entity17565 were infused into the @entity13396 to compare the effects of noradrenergic activation in the @entity13396 to the attenuation of withdrawal previously observed in @entity35 infused with @entity1338 into the LC, since the LC and @entity13396 are known to contain co-localized opiate and noradrenergic receptors. The effects of microinfusions of the non- @entity143 excitatory @entity535 antagonist @entity1023 ( @entity1023 ) were also infused into the LC and @entity13396 since opiate withdrawal is associated with increased glutamatergic transmission. Intra- @entity13396 @entity1338 or @entity17565 (2.4 microg/0.5 microl or 1.0 microl) produced significant reductions primarily in the occurrence of @entity146 . Conversely, intra- @entity13396 or intra-LC infusions of @entity1023 (2.5 microg/0.5 microl) significantly attenuated @entity1510 -precipitated withdrawal, an effect similar to the attenuation previously observed after intra-LC @entity1338 infusions. These data demonstrate the specific behavioral effects of altering glutamatergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission in the LC or @entity13396 during @entity1510 -precipitated opiate withdrawal. Elucidation of the neuroanatomical circuitry involved in opiate withdrawal should increase our understanding of the neuroadaptations associated with @entity734 and subsequent withdrawal behavior.

title: A comparison of the effects of XXXX and @entity1023 infusion into the locus coeruleus and the amygdala on @entity1510 -precipitated opiate withdrawal in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability', 'withdrawal behaviors']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opiate dependence']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1023 :: ('MESH:D018750', 'Chemical') :: ['CNQX', '6-cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitroquinoxaline']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug dependence']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity1369 -producing @entity652 (APA) were subjected to a @entity619 suppression test (DST) before surgery. Serum @entity701 and urinary excretion of @entity9192 were suppressed by @entity619 in 39 @entity1 [DST(+)]. In two @entity1 (cases A and B), they were not suppressed [DST(-)]. Clinical manifestations of the two DST(-) @entity1 were similar to those of DST(+) @entity1 . @entity101 , @entity1371 , high serum @entity1369 levels, and suppressed PRA were found in all of the @entity1 . The cut surfaces of the @entity652 from all of the @entity1 , including cases A and B, were golden yellow, which is typical of APA. However, @entity194 of the adjacent normal tissues were evident exclusively in the two DST(-) @entity1 . After removal of the affected adrenals, the serum @entity701 level was suppressed by @entity619 in one of the DST(-) @entity1 (case B). These findings suggested autonomous @entity701 production by APA. To evaluate whether @entity701 could be produced from the @entity652 tissue, the presence of several steroidogenic enzymes was studied by immunohistochemistry and mRNA analysis in the @entity652 and the adjacent nonneoplastic adrenals from the 2 DST(-) and 5 DST(+) @entity1 . Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that steroidogenic enzymes were expressed in APA @entity5 tissues from both DST(-) and DST(+) @entity1 . In both groups, mRNAs coding steroidogenic enzymes were present not only in the nonneoplastic but also in the @entity5 tissues. Quantitative analysis of the mRNA levels revealed that in the adrenals from DST(+) @entity1 , the mRNAs were more abundant in nonneoplastic tissue than in @entity5 tissue. However, in those from DST(-) cases, the mRNAs were much more abundant in the @entity5 tissues than in the nonneoplastic tissues. These results indicate that @entity5 cells of the two DST(-) @entity1 autonomously synthesized not only @entity1369 but also @entity701 . The diameters of the @entity5 from the two DST(-) @entity1 exceeded 3 cm, while those from other DST(+) @entity1 were smaller. In @entity1 with large APA, @entity1887 should be anticipated upon @entity5 .

title: XXXX -nonsuppressible @entity701 in two cases with @entity1369 -producing @entity652 .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophies']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity9192 :: ('MESH:D015065', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxycorticosteroids']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: @entity2041 export from uninfected @entity1 erythrocytes was compared with that from cells infected with the @entity311 parasite @entity3964 using two separate methods that distinguish between oxidized ( @entity9492 ) and reduced ( @entity2197 ) @entity2041 . One involved enzymatic recycling with or without @entity1432 -masking; the other involved rapid derivatization followed by HPLC. @entity2041 efflux from uninfected erythrocytes under physiological conditions occurred predominantly as @entity2197 . On exposure of the cells to oxidative challenge, efflux of @entity9492 exceeded that of @entity2197 . Efflux of both species was blocked by @entity7359 , an inhibitor of @entity1 multidrug-resistance proteins. @entity2041 efflux from parasitized erythrocytes was substantially greater than that from uninfected erythrocytes. Under physiological conditions, the exported species was @entity2197 , whereas under energy-depleted conditions, @entity9492 efflux occurred. @entity2041 export from parasitized cells was inhibited partially by @entity7359 and more so by @entity1483 , an inhibitor of the 'new permeability pathways' induced by the parasite in the host erythrocyte membrane. Efflux from isolated parasites occurred as @entity2197 . On exposure to oxidative challenge, this @entity2197 efflux decreased, but no @entity9492 export was detected. These results are consistent with the view that the parasite supplies its host erythrocyte with @entity2197 , much of which is exported from the infected cell via parasite-induced pathways.

title: XXXX export from @entity1 erythrocytes and @entity3964 @entity311 parasites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['Glutathione']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines is increased in the intestinal lamina propria of @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). Nuclear factor kappa B ( @entity2451 ) controls transcription of @entity32 genes. On activation, @entity2451 is rapidly released from its cytoplasmic inhibitor (I kappa B), transmigrates into the nucleus, and binds to DNA response elements in gene promoter regions. AIMS: To investigate whether increased activation of @entity2451 is important in @entity29 and may be down-regulated by anti-inflammatory treatment. METHODS: Activation of @entity2451 was determined by western blot assessment and electrophoretic mobility shift assay in nuclear extracts of colonic biopsy samples as well as lamina propria mononuclear cells. RESULTS: Nuclear levels of @entity2451 @entity9135 are increased in lamina propria biopsy specimens from @entity1 with @entity30 in comparison with @entity1 with @entity31 and controls. Increased activation of @entity2451 was detected in lamina propria mononuclear cells from @entity1 with active @entity29 . @entity288 strongly inhibit intestinal @entity2451 activation in @entity29 in vivo and in vitro by stabilising the cytosolic inhibitor @entity4284 against activation induced degradation. CONCLUSIONS: In both IBDs, but particularly @entity30 , increased activation of @entity2451 may be involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response. Inhibition of @entity2451 activation may represent a mechanism by which @entity230 exert an anti-inflammatory effect in @entity29 .

title: Activation of nuclear factor kappa B XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: This report describes the results of two phase I/II dose escalation trials for the treatment of metastatic @entity0 . Successive groups of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 responsive to induction therapy following standard doses of chemotherapy were treated with escalating doses of @entity1260 (6,000 to 24,000 mg/m2), @entity3003 (1,200 to 2,100 mg/m2), and @entity2879 (1,800 to 3,000 mg/m2) followed by autologous stem cell rescue. The maximum tolerated doses of these drugs were defined as @entity1260 20,100 mg/m2, @entity3003 1,800 mg/m2, and @entity2879 3,000 mg/m2. Major nonhematologic @entity137 consisted of @entity33 and @entity1681 , and the dose-limiting @entity137 were @entity149 and @entity810 . The overall treatment-related mortality rate was 4%. The event-free survival rate at 500 days for these @entity1 was 31%. @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 refractory to all standard dose therapy were treated with escalating doses of @entity2664 (45 to 105 mg/m2) and thiotepa (900 to 1,350 mg/m2) followed by autologous stem cell rescue. The maximum tolerated doses of these drugs were defined as @entity2664 90 mg/m2 and thiotepa 1,200 mg/m2 with @entity33 and @entity1681 as the major nonhematologic @entity137 and delayed myelosuppression as the dose-limiting @entity137 . Twelve percent of the @entity1 remain event free at 500 days and the treatment-related mortality rate for this group of heavily pretreated @entity1 was 17%. These data suggest that @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 may benefit from high-dose therapy and that treatment-related @entity137 is tolerable.

title: Two novel high-dose treatment regimens for metastatic @entity0 -- XXXX , @entity3003 , plus @entity2879 and @entity2664 plus thiotepa: outcomes and @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intensive surveillance after curative treatment of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is associated with improved overall survival. This study examined concordance with the 2005 ASCO surveillance guidelines at the population level. METHODS: A cohort of 250 @entity1 diagnosed with stage II or III @entity14 in 2004 and alive 42 months after diagnosis was identified from health administrative data in Manitoba, Canada. Colonoscopy, liver imaging, and @entity787 ( @entity787 ) testing were assessed over 3 years. Guidelines were met if @entity1 had at least one colonoscopy in 3 years and at least one liver imaging test and three @entity787 tests annually. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the effect of @entity1 and physician characteristics and disease and treatment factors on guideline concordance. RESULTS: Guidelines for colonoscopy, liver imaging, and @entity787 were met by 80.4%, 47.2%, and 22% of @entity1 , respectively. Guideline concordance for colonoscopy was predicted by annual contact with a surgeon, higher income, and the diagnosis of @entity694 . Adherence was lower in those older than 70 years and with higher comorbidity. For liver imaging, significant predictors were annual contact with an oncologist, receipt of chemotherapy, and diagnosis of @entity694 . Concordance with @entity787 guidelines was higher with annual contact with an oncologist and high levels of family physician contact, and lower in urban residents, in those older than 70, and in those with @entity34 . CONCLUSION: Completion of recommended liver imaging and @entity787 testing fall well below guidelines in Manitoba, whereas colonoscopy is better provided. Addressing this gap should improve outcomes for @entity14 survivors.

title: Concordance with ASCO guidelines for surveillance after XXXX treatment: a population-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon (rather than rectal) cancer']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role @entity5447 , @entity7504 , and @entity25033 , different cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), play in the @entity1373 and @entity1184 of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) and @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ). METHODS: VSMCs from @entity35 aorta were cultured. @entity1808 were added into the serum-free media at the concentrations of 10 - 6 M and 20 ng/ml respectively. VSMCs were harvested after 6h, 12h, and 24 h or stimulation. The protein levels of @entity5447 , @entity7504 and @entity25033 in VSMCs were examined with Western blot analysis. RESULTS: The protein levels of @entity5447 , @entity7504 , and @entity25033 in the @entity10340 II-stimulated VSMCs were similar to those in the quiescent cells (P > 0.05). The protein levels of @entity7504 and @entity25033 in the PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs increased along with the time course of stimulation, the former being at its peak value at the 24th hour, and were significantly higher than those in @entity1808 -stimulated VSMCs. However, the @entity25033 protein level was high in the quiescent cells. A remarkable decrease of the @entity25033 protein level was found in the PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity5447 , @entity7504 , and @entity25033 proteins play important roles in regulating @entity1373 and @entity1184 of VSMC. @entity7504 and @entity25033 prevent the overplasia of VSMCs. @entity5447 is the most important regulator of @entity1373 and @entity1184 of VSMC stimulated by PDGF and @entity1808 .

title: [The role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in @entity1373 and XXXX of vascular smooth muscle cells].

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Ang II', 'PDGF-BB and Ang II', 'angiotensin II']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: @entity6256 ( @entity6256 ) maintain upper airway patency. However, this may be compromised during sleep and by sedatives, potent analgesics, and volatile anesthetics by either @entity308 of excitatory or enhancement of inhibitory inputs. In vitro data suggest that @entity750 ( @entity750 ), through the @entity52337 subtype, plays a key role in controlling the excitability of @entity6256 . We hypothesized that in vivo @entity750 modulates @entity6256 activity through the @entity52337 subtype. To test this hypothesis, we used multibarrel micropipettes for extracellular single neuron recording and pressure picoejection of @entity750 or @entity6009 , a selective @entity52337 subtype antagonist, onto single @entity6256 in decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated @entity235 . Drug-induced changes in neuronal discharge frequency (F(n)) and neuronal discharge pattern were analyzed using cycle-triggered histograms. @entity750 increased the control peak F(n) to 256% and the time-averaged F(n) to 340%. @entity750 increased the gain of the discharge pattern by 61% and the offset by 34 Hz. @entity6009 reduced the control peak F(n) by 68%, the time-averaged F(n) by 80%, and the gain by 63%. These results confirm our hypothesis that in vivo @entity750 is a potent modulator of IHMN activity through the @entity52337 subtype. Application of exogenous @entity750 shows that this mechanism is not saturated during hypercapnic @entity871 . The two different mechanisms, gain modulation and offset change, indicate that @entity750 affects the excitability as well as the excitation of @entity6256 in vivo.

title: Serotonergic modulation of inspiratory hypoglossal motoneurons in decerebrate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['Inspiratory hypoglossal motoneurons', 'IHMNs']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Fibroblasts produce a spectrum of necessary growth factors essential for growth and proliferation of a variety of cell types. In this study, the paracrine effect of @entity1138 -treated fibroblasts with various densities in collagen gel for keratinocyte proliferation was investigated from which an optimum cell density and optimum conditioned medium would be determined to expand keratinocyte without further differentiation for skin equivalent tissue engineering. The optimum cell density in collagen feeder gel for optimum collected medium preparation will be determined by checking the level of keratinocyte growth factor and @entity2841 in conventional medium. The results showed that the cell density of 1 x 10(5) cells/gel in the feeder gel is better to produce optimum collected medium. The conditioned medium is prepared by mixing together the optimum collected medium and molecular cellular and developmental biology (MCDB) 153 medium in different ratios for keratinocyte growth. The keratinocyte viability will be measured by @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay to determine the optimum conditioned medium. From the study, 67% conditioned medium was supposed as the better medium for keratinocyte proliferation. In this experiment, the optimum cell density in feeder gel to coculture with keratinocytes is also determined as 1 x 10(5) cells/gel. @entity7434 ( @entity7434 ) and @entity10730 Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling stain will be used to check the cell differentiation and apoptosis, respectively. The results suggest that keratinocytes should not be cultured in postconfluent conditions due to undesired apoptosis and differentiation. The result of cell viability from passages to passages shows that the optimum feeder gel plays a more important role to the keratinocyte proliferation than that of optimum conditioned medium. Keratinocytes cultured with optimum feeder gel in 67% conditioned medium could effectively promote proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and prevent differentiation. The combination of conditioned media and feeder gel to culture keratinocytes without external supplements can provide an inexpensive way for keratinocyte proliferation and construct an environment for real-time communication between the two cells. The results conclude that keratinocyte cultivation in feeder gel with modified medium should be feasible in the production of high quality keratinocytes for skin equivalents preparation.

title: Investigation of XXXX -C-treated fibroblasts in 3-D collagen gel and conditioned medium for keratinocyte proliferation.

entities_list: @entity10730 :: ('1791', 'Gene') :: ['Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of fear of falling ( @entity32720 ) in @entity1 after a @entity173 , to investigate the relation with time after @entity174 , and to assess associations between @entity32720 and other psychological factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study performed between September 2010 and March 2011 in elderly @entity1 after a @entity173 . SETTING: Ten postacute geriatric rehabilitation wards in Dutch nursing homes. @entity1 : A total of 100 @entity1 aged >= 65 years with a @entity173 admitted to a geriatric rehabilitation ward. MEASUREMENTS: @entity32720 and related concepts such as falls-related self-efficacy, @entity308 , and @entity148 were measured by means of self-assessment instruments. RESULTS: Of all @entity1 , 36% had a little @entity32720 and 27% had quite a bit or very much @entity32720 . Scores on the Falls Efficacy Scale-International were 30.6 in the first 4 weeks after @entity173 , 35.6 in the second 4 weeks, and 29.4 in the period >= 8 weeks after @entity174 . In these 3 periods, the prevalence rates of @entity32720 were 62%, 68%, and 59%, respectively. Significant correlations were found between @entity32720 and @entity148 (P < .001), and self-efficacy (P < .001). CONCLUSION: In these @entity1 with a @entity173 , @entity32720 is common and is correlated with @entity148 and falls-related self-efficacy. During rehabilitation, @entity32720 is greatest in the second 4 weeks after @entity173 . More studies are needed to explore the determinants of @entity32720 and develop interventions to reduce @entity32720 and improve outcome after rehabilitation.

title: Fear of falling in @entity1 with XXXX : prevalence and related psychological factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of reports have appeared of post-traumatic stress symptoms occurring in physically ill @entity1 . This study sought to measure the extent of @entity146 disturbance and acute post-traumatic stress reactions occurring in surgical inpatients, and to examine their relationship with the stress of illness and hospitalization and the personal coping style of the @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-seven admissions to a general surgical unit were assessed on admission and immediately prior to discharge. Measures were made of @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity73 , post-traumatic stress symptoms, severity of illness, level of physical functioning, degree of hospital stress and coping style. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in @entity148 scores postoperatively. Twenty-seven per cent of @entity1 developed high levels of acute post-traumatic stress symptoms and these correlated with @entity308 at admission and intra-hospital stress. @entity308 at discharge was related to @entity308 at admission, physical functioning and coping style. In general, avoidance and acceptance-resignation were associated with a poorer @entity146 outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative @entity146 disturbance, including acute stress symptoms, can be understood as a reaction to the ' @entity130 ' of illness and hospitalization, predisposed to by pre-existing @entity308 . Interventions could be directed at screening for at-risk @entity1 , minimizing stress, and encouraging adaptive mechanisms of coping in @entity1 .

title: Psychiatric disturbance and acute stress responses in surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Concerns persist regarding respiratory complications from combination deep intravenous sedation and local anesthesia for prone position anorectal surgery. We examined the safety and efficacy of this approach by using a @entity1875 -based and @entity3652 -based technique. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on all @entity1 undergoing anorectal surgery. Outcomes (perioperative times, specific complications) were compared with respect to operative position and anesthetic approach. Significance was determined using Student's t-test and chi-squared analysis. RESULTS: Surgery was performed on 448 @entity1 during a three-year period. There was no significant difference in the two anesthetic groups with regard to age and gender. There were 19 anesthesia-related adverse events occurring in the study group (Monitored Anesthesia Care Group): @entity390 and @entity391 (n = 8), @entity1224 necessitating conversion to general anesthesia (n = 2), excessive @entity158 (n = 2), urinary retention (n = 5), and hospital readmission (n = 2). These occurred in <5 percent of those receiving the combination technique (19/407). Although there was no difference in total procedural time, there was a significant difference in total time spent in the operating room (P = 0.001) and in the hospital overall (P = 0.002). Of the @entity1 receiving combination technique anesthesia, only 31 (7 percent) required the use of the postanesthesia care unit. All @entity1 receiving general anesthesia (n = 23) required the postanesthesia care unit. CONCLUSIONS: Combination deep intravenous sedation with local anesthesia based on @entity1875 and @entity3652 is a safe and effective technique for prone-position anorectal surgery. It results in decreased use of the postanesthesia care unit and earlier hospital discharge, reflecting a more efficient use of hospital resources.

title: Combination XXXX / @entity3652 is a safe and efficient anesthetic approach to anorectal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: @entity9504 induces a cellular DNA damage response that can inhibit viral DNA replication and ligate viral genomes into concatemers. It is not clear if the input virus is sufficient to trigger this response or if viral DNA replication is required. Adenovirus has evolved two mechanisms that target the @entity15124 - @entity15125 - @entity9485 (MRN) complex to inhibit the DNA damage response. These include E4-ORF3-dependent relocalization of MRN proteins and E4-ORF6/ @entity6860 -55K-dependent degradation of MRN components. The literature suggests that degradation of the MRN complex due to E4-ORF6/ @entity6860 -55K does not occur until after viral DNA replication has begun. We show that, by the time viral DNA accumulates, the MRN complex is inactivated by either of the E4-induced mechanisms and that, with E4-ORF6/ @entity6860 -55K, this inactivation is due to MRN degradation. Our data are consistent with the conclusion that input viral DNA is sufficient to induce the DNA damage response. Further, we demonstrate that when the DNA damage response is active in E4 mutant virus infections, the covalently attached terminal protein is not cleaved from viral DNAs, and the viral origins of replication are not detectably degraded at a time corresponding to the onset of viral replication. The sequences of concatemeric junctions of viral DNAs were determined, which supports the conclusion that nonhomologous end joining mediates viral DNA ligation. Large deletions were found at these junctions, demonstrating nucleolytic procession of the viral DNA; however, the lack of terminal protein cleavage and terminus degradation at earlier times shows that viral genome deletion and concatenation are late effects.

title: Temporal regulation of the XXXX - @entity15125 - @entity9485 complex during @entity9504 .

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['Adenovirus infection']

answer: @entity15124 :: (4361,Gene) :: ['Mre11']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of intravenous administration of agents that block platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors in the setting of percutaneous coronary revascularization. Although the optimal duration of treatment has not been determined, more prolonged receptor blockade has been associated with increased efficacy. Orally active glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists may be advantageous and required for chronic therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity1459 who were undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions were randomized to placebo or Xemilofiban 35 mg orally before and 20 to 25 mg TID for 30 days after angioplasty. Bleeding events, @entity1423 , and pharmacokinetic and hematologic parameters were assessed during hospitalization and at 2 and 4 weeks after drug initiation. Xemilofiban produced a rapid, sustained, marked @entity1423 . @entity857 -induced @entity1423 at 2 hours after the initial dose at 2 and 4 weeks was 15%, 8%, and 11% in the Xemilofiban group compared with 80%, 68%, and 69% in the placebo group. Among 20 @entity1 randomized to Xemilofiban there was 1 death after emergency coronary bypass surgery complicated by severe @entity548 diathesis, and 3 @entity1 had major @entity548 events. @entity1 on Xemilofiban for 30 days reported episodes of mild @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Xemilofiban, an orally active glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa receptor inhibitor, produced rapid, sustained, extensive @entity1423 for a period of up to 30 days. At the dose initially tested, however, acute major @entity548 and @entity548 during chronic administration were encountered.

title: First chronic platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin blockade. A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of xemilofiban in XXXX with percutaneous coronary interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'inhibition of platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: A case of @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) associated with subdural @entity1410 and postoperative @entity1779 was reported. A 57-year-old @entity1 had complained @entity10 in the morning. Six hours later he was found unconsciousness and soon he was brought to our hospital. On admission he was @entity772 . There was no evidences of @entity542 and the X-rays were normal. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an @entity6477 over the left temporoparietal region. Laboratory data revealed @entity1148 of 85.7 x 10(4)/mm3 with increased red and white blood cell counts. Emergent right craniotomy was performed and a subdural clot was evacuated. Neither @entity16 nor @entity1462 were seen on the cortical surface. But a spurting cortical artery with a pin-hole could be seen. A postoperative CT scan revealed an @entity1779 deep in the right hemisphere. Cerebral angiograms revealed no @entity455 . Postoperatively, the platelet count remained high and laboratory data including bone marrow finding, neutrophil alkali-phosphatase score and chromosome analysis were consistent with the diagnosis of @entity4407 . The mechanisms of subdural @entity1410 formation and postoperative @entity1779 associated with @entity4407 were discussed.

title: [Essential XXXX associated with subdural @entity1410 and postoperative @entity1779 --a case report].

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cortical damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'essential thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['thrombocythemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity734 in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) is characterized by the need for chronic use of corticosteroids to maintain clinical remission. Several definitions have been used. Depending on the definition, 10-30% of the @entity1 are considered as corticosteroid dependent. The aim of the study was to define a clinical pattern of corticosteroid dependent @entity30 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics were retrospectively compared between 20 corticosteroid dependent @entity30 @entity1 and 248 non-corticosteroid dependent @entity30 @entity1 by using univariate and multivariate analyses. @entity734 was defined either by two successive relapses during the 2 months after discontinuing glucocorticoids (n=5) or by two successive relapses at dose tapering, after successful treatment of a flare-up by using glucocorticoids (n=15). RESULTS: Corticosteroid dependent @entity30 @entity1 were younger at diagnosis (P < 0.001), and were characterized by a higher frequency of colonic location (P< 0.05), but lower frequency of ileal location (P < 0.01), and higher ano-perineal location (P < 0.05). They were also more frequently smokers (P< 0.05) and users of contraceptive pills (P< 0.01). The inflammatory type of the disease was increased (P < 0.01), while the fibrostenotic type was decreased (P < 0.001) in corticosteroid dependent @entity30 @entity1 . By multivariate analysis, a smoking habit (P < 0.01), a colonic location (P < 0.05), a non-fibrostenotic type (P< 0.05) and a younger age at diagnosis (P< 0.05) were shown to be independently associated with corticosteroid dependency. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a clinical pattern associated with corticosteroid dependency. Whether this clinical pattern is simply associated with the dependency, or whether a primary decrease of corticosensitivity produces this clinical pattern, is not known. Further prospective studies will have to determine whether the presence of these clinical characteristics is predictive of corticosteroid dependency and whether this prediction will be useful for the management of this condition.

title: Clinical pattern of corticosteroid dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Corticosteroid dependency']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: This study compares the performance of @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) regression analysis and artificial @entity1274 (ANN) for the prediction of total @entity4211 concentration in red-grape homogenates from their visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectra. The @entity1625 prediction of @entity4211 concentrations for new-season samples from Vis-NIR spectra was characterised by regression non-linearity and prediction bias. In practice, this usually requires the inclusion of some samples from the new vintage to improve the prediction. The use of WinISI LOCAL partly alleviated these problems but still resulted in increased error at high and low extremes of the @entity4211 concentration range. Artificial @entity1274 regression was investigated as an alternative method to @entity1625 , due to the inherent advantages of ANN for modelling @entity262 . The method proposed here combines the advantages of the data reduction capabilities of @entity1625 regression with the non-linear modelling capabilities of ANN. With the use of @entity1625 scores as inputs for ANN regression, the model was shown to be quicker and easier to train than using raw full-spectrum data. The ANN calibration for prediction of new vintage grape data, using @entity1625 scores as inputs, was more linear and accurate than global and @entity2631 models and appears to reduce the need for refreshing the calibration with new-season samples. ANN with @entity1625 scores required fewer inputs and was less prone to overfitting than using PCA scores. A variation of the ANN method, using carefully selected spectral frequencies as inputs, resulted in prediction accuracy comparable to those using @entity1625 scores but, as for @entity4901 inputs, was also prone to overfitting with redundant wavelengths.

title: The prediction of total @entity4211 concentration in red-grape homogenates using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and artificial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['partial least squares', 'PLS']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['non-linear systems']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanin']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['neural networks']


abstract: Although epidemiological studies suggest that @entity1 with minor @entity8 are at higher risk of @entity64 and @entity301 , the mechanisms underlying this relation are unclear. One explanation may lie with observations that deterioration in renal function is accompanied by elevations in plasma @entity1255 concentrations. There is evidence that moderate @entity3562 may play a causal role in @entity731 . We investigated the relations between renal function, plasma @entity1255 and @entity731 of the carotid arteries in 128 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 69-74 years. Renal function was assessed by @entity1011 clearance and serum @entity1011 . Duplex ultrasonography was used to quantify the degree of @entity850 in the extracranial carotid arteries. Severity of @entity2998 was greatest in @entity1 and @entity1 with the poorest renal function, whether measured by @entity1011 clearance or serum @entity1011 . After adjustment for plasma @entity1255 , pulse pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors, the odds ratio for having @entity543 >30% was 4.3 (95% CI 1.4-12.9) in those whose @entity1011 clearance rate was 55 ml/min or less compared with those whose @entity1011 clearance rate was >73 ml/min. Even small decrements in renal function were associated with increased risk; @entity1 whose @entity1011 clearance rate was between 56 and 73 ml/min had an odds ratio of 3.8 (95% CI 1.2-11.9). Plasma @entity1255 concentrations were significantly higher in @entity1 with poorer renal function, but they did not explain the associations we found between @entity2998 and @entity1011 clearance or serum @entity1011 .

title: Renal function, plasma @entity1255 and @entity2998 in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lengthening procedures are often complicated by loosening of pins. It has been reported that coating with @entity692 improves fixation and reduces the rate of pin-track @entity281 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared 47 @entity692 -coated Schanz screws (HA screws) in 12 monolateral fixators mounted at the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf with 45 standard stainless steel screws in 9 monolateral fixators mounted at the St Josefs-Hospital Wiesbaden by measuring the insertion and extraction torque values. The average implantation period was 7 months for the @entity692 -coated screws and 5.4 months for the uncoated screws. We established the quotient of the maximum extraction torque over insertion torque which shows the change in the fixation strength with respect to time, the fixation index. It eliminates the influence of the varying pin-bone contact. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the rate of @entity281 . In the Schanz screws without signs of @entity281 the index was 1.92 for the HA screws and 0.76 for the stainless steel screws (P = 0.0002) giving evidence of the improvement of the fixation by the coating. CONCLUSION: HA coating resulted in improved fixation of Schanz screws in bone and may be useful in prolonged external fixation of the lower leg. The fixation index proved to be a simple tool for the evaluation of the fixation strength of Schanz screws.

title: The fixation strength of XXXX -coated Schanz screws and standard stainless steel Schanz screws in lower extremity lengthening : a comparison based on a new torque value index: the fixation index.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: The management of @entity1 with acute @entity2679 has changed during recent years. The etiology of @entity14784 is still not fully understood. Infection of bile is relatively unimportant since bile and gallbladder wall cultures are sterile in many @entity1 with @entity14784 . Ultrasonography is first choice for diagnosis of @entity14784 and cholescintigraphy is second best. Percutaneous puncture of the gallbladder that can be used for therapeutic drainage has also diagnostic qualities. Early cholecystectomy under antibiotic prophylaxis is the treatment of choice, and has been shown to be superior to delayed surgery in several prospective trials. Mortality can be as low as 0.5% in @entity1 younger than 70-80 years of age, but a high mortality has been reported in octogenerians. Selective intraoperative cholangiography is now generally accepted and no advantage of routine cholangiography was shown in clinical trials. Percutaneous cholecystostomy can be successfully performed under ultrasound guidance and has a place in the treatment of severely ill @entity1 with @entity14784 . Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be done safely in @entity1 with @entity14784 , but extensive experience with this technique is necessary. Endoscopic retrograde drainage of the gallbladder by introduction of a catheter in the cystic duct is feasible but data are still scarce.

title: Acute XXXX . What is new in diagnosis and therapy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['calculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholecystitis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['calculous cholecystitis']


abstract: The effects of three insecticides ( @entity276 , @entity5051 and @entity55994 ) on developmental stages of cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) were studied in vivo, in vitro and by means of light and electron microscopy. The results were documented by video. @entity11101 were attached to the skin of @entity235 that had been treated 7 days before with one of the three compounds. Furthermore, adult fleas were exposed exclusively to the hair and skin debris of such treated @entity235 or were placed on filter papers that had been impregnated with one of these three compounds or with the blood of treated @entity235 . @entity11101 were exposed to hair of treated @entity235 , to debris obtained by combing treated @entity235 , to dried blood samples of treated @entity235 or were placed onto filter papers impregnated with one of the three compounds. In these experiments with @entity11101 , it was noted that none of the three insecticides had a repellent effect on adult or @entity11101 . @entity5051 was the only compound that acted exclusively by body contact, and was apparently taken up by @entity11101 via the thin, non-sclerotized intersegmental membranes of the flea's body, shown when flea stages were exposed to hairs taken from @entity235 treated with one of the compounds or placed onto drug-impregnated filter papers. @entity5051 killed larvae and adult fleas within 1 h, while it took at least 24 h until all adult fleas had died on @entity276 - or @entity55994 -treated @entity235 , thus allowing longer feeding periods, increasing the risk of transmission of flea-derived diseases. Flea larvae covered with debris from @entity235 topically treated 7 days before with @entity276 , @entity5051 or @entity55994 died, like the untreated control, within 16-28 h after exposure. This was, however, probably mainly due to a drying effect. Adult and @entity11101 exposed to filter papers impregnated with the blood of treated @entity235 survived longer than 7 days, as did the untreated controls. All three drugs apparently acted on nerves and muscles and thus stopped motility.

title: Comparative study on the effects of three insecticides ( @entity276 , @entity5051 , XXXX ) on developmental stages of the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis Bouch   1835): a light and electron microscopic analysis of in vivo and in vitro experiments.

entities_list: @entity276 :: ('MESH:C082360', 'Chemical') :: ['fipronil']

entities_list: @entity11101 :: ('MESH:D058267', 'Disease') :: ['larval fleas', 'adult and larval fleas', 'Adult fleas', 'Larval fleas']

entities_list: @entity55994 :: ('MESH:C414354', 'Chemical') :: ['selamectin']

entities_list: @entity5051 :: ('MESH:C082359', 'Chemical') :: ['Imidacloprid', 'imidacloprid']

answer: @entity55994 :: (MESH:C414354,Chemical) :: ['selamectin']


abstract: The authors carried out a prospective study in an attempt to determine the possible effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) and some clinical factors on the clinical course of @entity9032 ( @entity9032 ). During the study period all the @entity1 were followed without any antiglaucoma medication. The enrollment criteria for the study were reproducible, mild to moderate @entity2194 as defined as a @entity154 ( @entity154 ) of greater than 2 dB and less than 10 dB or corrected loss variance ( @entity7618 ) of greater than 7 dB revealed by the Octopus 201, G1 program. Forty-two consecutive @entity1 (56 eyes) who fulfilled this criteria were enrolled. Baseline and follow-up examinations included applanation tonometry, perimetry with G1 program, blood pressure and pulse rate. When the @entity154 increased by 4 dB or more on two consecutive perimetry examinations, the field defect was judged as "progressed". During the follow-up period (6-51 months, 25.1 +/- 12.5 months), the field defect progressed in 14 eyes of 12 @entity1 . The life-table analysis (Kaplan-Meier) revealed that the rate of nonprogression of @entity227 was 55.5% at 48 months. The rate of nonprogression was significantly lower in 16 eyes with a mean IOP equal to or higher than 15 mmHg as opposed to 40 eyes with that lower than 15 mmHg (34.3% and 67.2% respectively, p less than 0.05). The results seem to indicate that IOP is likely to be responsible for the aggravation of visual fields in @entity9032 . Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that the discriminant function containing four variables gives the best separation between the "progressed" and "nonprogressed" group (discriminant efficacy: 83.9%).

title: [Visual field change and risk factors for progression of XXXX in @entity9032 ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean defect']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['field loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity9032 :: ('MESH:D057066', 'Disease') :: ['low tension glaucoma', 'LTG']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10233 and @entity2614 are associated with @entity260 ( @entity933 ) in @entity1 . The study aimed to compare the use of @entity10233 and @entity2614 to determine the postoperative @entity933 in @entity1 undergoing @entity231 surgery using the validated Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence @entity933 (PAED) scale. METHODS: In this randomized double-blinded study, 88 @entity1 of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II aged 2-6  years, anesthesia was maintained with 1-1.2 MAC concentration of @entity10233 or @entity2614 after induction with @entity2614 . Subtenon block was administered in all @entity1 with 0.08-0.10  ml  kg(-1) of 0.5% @entity1341 before surgical incision. Primary outcome measured was PAED scale at different time intervals between the two groups, and secondary outcome measured was preoperative @entity148 scores, postoperative @entity158 scores, emergence, incidence of @entity933 and adverse effects. RESULTS: Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence @entity933 (PAED) scale showed no statistical difference between @entity2614 and @entity10233 at different time intervals. Incidence of @entity933 using the cutoff of >12 in PAED scale was 8 of 44 (18.18%) in @entity2614 group and 9 of 44 (20.45%) in @entity10233 groups (P  =  1.000). Emergence from anesthesia was faster in @entity10233 group (P  =  0.001). Correlation between the m-YPAS @entity148 scale and PAED scale in either group did not find any relationship (correlation coefficient  =  -0.060, P  =  0.579). No correlation between the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence @entity933 (PAED) scale was found in 17 @entity1 who had @entity933 (correlation coefficient  =  0.191, P-value  =  0.462). Five @entity1 of 17 (i.e., three @entity1 in Group S and two @entity1 in Group D) had PAED >12 but FLACC <4. CONCLUSION: @entity933 ( @entity933 ) after @entity10233 and @entity2614 anesthesia was comparable using a validated PAED scale in pediatric @entity231 surgery. There was no correlation between preoperative @entity148 and @entity933 in these @entity1 ; however, @entity1 with higher @entity158 scores were more likely to have a higher @entity933 .

title: @entity260 in pediatric @entity1 undergoing XXXX surgery--a comparison of @entity10233 and @entity2614 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative emergence delirium']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane', 'Desflurane']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'delirium', 'Delirium', 'Emergence delirium']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: This Latin American study assessed in the general practice setting the efficacy and tolerance of once-daily @entity16427 in the treatment of mild or moderate @entity101 (sitting diastolic blood pressure, 95 to 115 mm Hg). @entity1 (n = 220) were treated with @entity16427 for 12 weeks as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. At the final visit, @entity16427 produced a mean change in sitting systolic/diastolic blood pressure of -18.4/-14.4 mm Hg, at a mean daily dose of 4.3 mg. One hundred sixty-three (77.6%) of the 210 evaluable @entity1 were considered a therapeutic success. Lipid analyses identified a statistically significant (p = 0.02) reduction in total serum @entity165 (4.85%) and an overall decrease in @entity412 levels (5.12%). According to the Framingham Heart Study equation, @entity16427 produced a highly significant (p less than 0.001) 20% reduction in the calculated probability of developing @entity301 in 10 years. Of the 220 @entity1 evaluated, 54 (24.5%) reported side effects that were considered related to treatment. Ten (4.5%) @entity1 reported side effects unrelated to treatment and 37 (16.8%) reported events of unknown relationship. Most side effects were mild or moderate and were tolerated or disappeared with continued treatment. Nine @entity1 (4.1%) were discontinued from therapy and in 13 (5.9%) the dose was reduced. The most prevalent side effects were @entity10 and @entity1296 . The investigator's overall assessment of antihypertensive efficacy was excellent or good for 176 @entity1 (80.4%); tolerance was considered excellent or good in 193 @entity1 (88.5%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity101 in general medical practice in Latin America.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['essential hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity16427 :: (MESH:D017292,Chemical) :: ['Doxazosin']


abstract: Recently, we reported the mRNA localization of @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I beta 2 isoform ( @entity55099 ) in the @entity19 nervous system. In the present study, polyclonal antibody against @entity55099 was generated and used to investigate the distribution of the enzyme within the central nervous system of the @entity35 . Interestingly some differences were observed between the enzyme localization and previous mRNA detection [J. Neurochem. 268 (1999) 26512]. The strongest expression of the enzyme was found in pontine nuclei. Immunopositive fibers could be traced through the middle cerebellar peduncle until they reached the cerebellum. Quite strong staining could also be observed in almost all of the neurons in the neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, brainstem and cerebellum, including the nuclei of the cranial nerves and Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellar cortex which was not clearly detected in the previous in situ hybridization study. In the spinal cord, @entity55099 could be detected in the gray matter with stronger expression in the dorsal horn. @entity55099 showed very strong nuclear localization but was also present in the cytoplasm of some neurons. Such localization suggests that @entity55099 may be involved in many neuronal functions in the central nervous system, including the possibility of important roles in nuclear signal transduction.

title: Distribution of @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I beta 2 in the central nervous system of the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Postnatal stabilization and maturation of the postsynaptic membrane are important for development and function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. We examined the role of @entity19640 -family kinases (SFKs) in vivo. Electroporation of kinase-inactive @entity19640 constructs into soleus muscles of adult @entity19 caused NMJ disassembly: @entity934 receptor (AChR)-rich areas became fragmented; the topology of nerve terminal, AChRs, and synaptic nuclei was disturbed; and occasionally nerves started to sprout. Electroporation of kinase-overactive @entity19640 produced similar but milder effects. We studied the mechanism of SFK action using cultured @entity19640 (-/-);fyn(-/-) myotubes, focusing on clustering of postsynaptic proteins, their interaction with AChRs, and AChR phosphorylation. @entity56786 and the utrophin-glycoprotein complex were recruited normally into AChR-containing clusters by agrin in @entity19640 (-/-);fyn(-/-) myotubes. But after agrin withdrawal, clusters of these @entity2402 rapidly in parallel with AChRs, revealing that SFKs are of general importance in postsynaptic stability. At the same time, AChR interaction with @entity56786 and dystrobrevin and AChR phosphorylation decreased after agrin withdrawal from mutant myotubes. Unexpectedly, levels of @entity56786 protein were increased in @entity19640 (-/-);fyn(-/-) myotubes, whereas @entity56786 -cytoskeleton interactions were unaffected. The overall cytoskeletal link of AChRs was weak but still strengthened by agrin in mutant cells, consistent with the normal formation but decreased stability of AChR clusters. These data show that correctly balanced activity of SFKs is critical in maintaining adult NMJs in vivo. SFKs hold the postsynaptic apparatus together through stabilization of AChR- @entity56786 interaction and AChR phosphorylation. In addition, SFKs control @entity56786 levels and AChR-cytoskeletal linkage.

title: XXXX -family kinases stabilize the neuromuscular synapse in vivo via protein interactions, phosphorylation, and cytoskeletal linkage of @entity934 receptors.

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['proteins disappeared']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19640 :: (20779(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Src']


abstract: The sediment and hypolimnion of many Finnish lakes suffer from @entity519 due to increasing nutrient loading. The aim of this research was to develop a method for increasing the @entity26 level using granulated @entity55338 ( @entity25053   ) as a slow @entity26 releasing compound. This compound releases @entity26 (O   ) in a reaction with water during 5 to 7 months. The method was tested in both laboratory and field conditions. In the field test granulated @entity25053    were then spread manually from a rowing boat over the whole surface of the test pond. The granules sink onto and into the sediment. No mixing was needed. The dissolved @entity26 concentration increased significantly during a laboratory experiment with a @entity25053    amendment of 75 g m      and in a pond experiment with a @entity25053    amendment of 50 g m     . In the pond experiment, the effect was visible for the entire 40-week experiment. In the laboratory, the abundance of aerobic bacteria increased in the sediment after @entity25053    addition, while the pond experiment gave more mixed results. The organic matter content of the sediment did not change during the experiment in the control pond, but decreased from 18% to 4% in the pond with the @entity25053    amendment. This was possibly due to enhanced microbial activity in the test pond. Although the results show improved @entity26 concentrations and effects on the sediment organic matter following @entity25053    amendment, the usability of this method in larger lakes remains to be tested.

title: Increasing lake water and sediment XXXX levels using slow release peroxide.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity55338 :: ('MESH:C403632', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium peroxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Inflammatory cytokines are able to facilitate the homing of transferred lymphocytes, @entity5 cell lysis through induction of adhesion molecules, also able to reduce @entity5 cell susceptibility to LAK cells by increasing @entity5 cell class I antigen. Investigation with 12 cell lines suggested that promotion of lysis by @entity2071 was more responsible than protection by (allogeneic) class I Ags (Fig. 1). PBMC were cultured in anti-CD3 coated flasks with @entity5041 . CD3+ cells dominated until day 7, decreased thereafter with @entity404 +. @entity405 + and @entity4071 + increased (Fig. 2). Strong @entity137 obtained in some cultures correlated well with @entity4071 +, contributing exclusively among several variables to the activity estimation in multiple regression analysis (Fig. 4). Among 6 cases, in which 2 or more cycles of transfer was done, 1 was prophylaxis of recurrence, in 2 of 3 advanced @entity3 cases in which cells were transferred as BRM in the course of chemotherapy, survival of half a year was obtained in good QOL with suppressed disease and adequate level of PBL number. In 2 other cases, @entity32 eliciting local treatments were combined. In the case 4, three large liver @entity3 from @entity694 which resisted topical @entity1068 injection and chemotherapy, responded to the transfer with reduced lesions to 1/8 (Fig. 8). In the case 5, abdominal @entity3 from @entity694 were removed, liver @entity3 were injected of @entity1068 , and cells were transferred. Responses were obtained to immunotherapy in a certain degree, while never to any chemotherapy.

title: [Adoptive immunotherapy using immobilized anti-CD3 mAb-activated autologous lymphocytes: the strong @entity137 was supported by XXXX + cells which proliferated in prolonged cultures].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity4071 :: (2214,Gene) :: ['CD16']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non- @entity791 defining @entity5 ( @entity34825 ) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity645 -positive individuals. Using data from a large international cohort of @entity645 -positive individuals, we described the incidence of @entity34825 from 2004-2010, and described subsequent mortality and predictors of these. METHODS: Individuals were followed from 1st January 2004/enrolment in study, until the earliest of a new @entity34825 , 1st February 2010, @entity204 or six months after the @entity1 's last visit. Incidence rates were estimated for each year of follow-up, overall and stratified by gender, age and mode of @entity645 acquisition. Cumulative risk of mortality following @entity34825 diagnosis was summarised using Kaplan-Meier methods, with follow-up for these analyses from the date of @entity34825 diagnosis until the @entity1 's @entity204 , 1st February 2010 or 6  months after the @entity1 's last visit. Factors associated with mortality following @entity34825 diagnosis were identified using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Over 176,775 @entity1 -years (PY), 880 (2.1%) @entity1 developed a new @entity34825 (incidence: 4.98/1000PY [95% confidence interval 4.65, 5.31]). Over a third of these @entity1 (327, 37.2%) had died by 1st February 2010. Time trends for @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity978 were broadly consistent. Kaplan-Meier cumulative mortality estimates at 1, 3 and 5  years after @entity34825 diagnosis were 28.2% [95% CI 25.1-31.2], 42.0% [38.2-45.8] and 47.3% [42.4-52.2], respectively. Significant predictors of poorer survival after diagnosis of @entity34825 were @entity2 (compared to other @entity5 ), male gender, non-white ethnicity, and smoking status. Later year of diagnosis and higher @entity404 count at @entity34825 diagnosis were associated with improved survival. The incidence of @entity34825 remained stable over the period 2004-2010 in this large observational cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis after diagnosis of @entity34825 , in @entity2 and disseminated @entity5 , is poor but has improved somewhat over time. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and low @entity404 counts, were associated with mortality following a diagnosis of @entity34825 .

title: Non- @entity791 defining XXXX in the D:A:D Study--time trends and predictors of survival: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer types', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['particular lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: This prospective study evaluated sexual function through 5 years after myeloablative allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for @entity5 to determine sexual function recovery and residual problems. Adults completed measures before @entity8 (N = 161), with survivors followed at 6 months and at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years. At 5 years case-matched controls also completed assessments. Analyses indicated that @entity1 and @entity1 differed in rates of being sexually active across time (P < .001) and in overall sexual function (P < .001). Both sexes declined in sexual activity rates and sexual function from before @entity8 to 6 months afterward (P < or = .05). Activity rates recovered for @entity1 by 1 year (74%) and for @entity1 by 2 years (55%). @entity1 improved from their 6-month nadir in sexual function by 2 years (P = .02), whereas @entity1 did not improve by 5 years (P = .17). Both male and female survivors were below controls in rates of sexual activity and sexual function at 5 years. Most @entity1 reported sexual problems (80% of survivors vs 61% of controls, P = .11); in contrast for @entity1 46% of survivors versus 21% of controls (P = .05) reported problems. Thus, despite some recovery, @entity250 remained a major problem for @entity1 and @entity1 after @entity8 . @entity146 efforts are needed to treat these deficits.

title: Sexual function changes during the 5 years after high-dose treatment and XXXX for @entity5 , with case-matched controls at 5 years.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HCT', 'hematopoietic cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic cell transplantation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two electronic devices for self-measurement of blood pressure at the brachial artery -- the Seinex SE-9400 and the Microlife BP 3AC1-1 -- were evaluated in two separate studies according to the International Protocol of the European Society of @entity101 . DESIGN: The international validation protocol is divided into two phases: the first phase is performed on 15 selected @entity1 (45 blood pressure measurements); if the device passes this phase, 18 supplementary @entity1 are included (54 blood pressure measurements) making a total number of 33 @entity1 (99 blood pressure measurements) on whom the final validation is performed. METHODS: The same methodology recommended by the European Society of @entity101 protocol was applied for both studies. In each study and for each @entity1 , four blood pressure measurements were taken simultaneously by two trained observers using @entity349 sphygmomanometers alternately with three measurements by the tested device. The difference between the blood pressure value given by the device and that obtained by the two observers (mean of the two observers) was calculated for each measure. The 99 differences were classified into three categories (< or =5, < or =10, < or =15 mmHg). The number of differences in each category was compared with the number required by the ESH protocol. An individual analysis was then done to determine, for each @entity1 , the number of comparisons < or =5 mmHg. At least 22 of the 33 @entity1 should have two of their three comparisons < or =5 mmHg. RESULTS: In both studies, the two tested devices passed the first phase of the validation process. For the complete analysis (phase 1 and phase 2), the average differences between the device and @entity349 sphygmomanometer readings were in the first study for the Seinex SE-9400 device 0.9+/-5.2 and -1.7+/-4.7 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, and -0.2+/-4.5 and -2.0+/-4.8 mmHg for the Microlife BP 3AC1-1 device in the second study. For both devices, readings differing by less than 5, 10 and 15 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure values fulfill the recommendation criteria of the International Protocol as well as the individual analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The Seinex SE-9400 and the Microlife BP 3AC1-1 devices fulfilled the validation recommendations of the International Protocol.

title: Validation of two devices for self-measurement of brachial blood pressure according to the International Protocol of the European Society of XXXX : the SEINEX SE-9400 and the Microlife BP 3AC1-1.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']