abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a three-dimensional (3D) deformable @entity135 ( @entity498 ) phantom with realistic tissue contrast for both kilovoltage (kV) and megavoltage (MV) imaging modalities and use it to objectively evaluate deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms. METHODS: The phantom represents @entity498 @entity1 anatomy. It is constructed from thermoplastic, which becomes pliable in boiling water, and hardened @entity990 resin. Using a system of additives, the Hounsfield unit (HU) values of these materials were tuned to mimic anatomy for both kV and MV imaging. The phantom opens along a sagittal midsection to reveal radiotransparent markers, which were used to characterize the phantom deformation. The deformed and undeformed phantoms were scanned with kV and MV imaging modalities. Additionally, a calibration curve was created to change the HUs of the MV scans to be similar to kV HUs, (MC). The extracted ground-truth deformation was then compared to the results of two commercially available DIR algorithms, from Velocity Medical Solutions and mim software. RESULTS: The phantom produced a 3D deformation, representing neck flexion, with a magnitude of up to 8 mm and was able to represent tissue HUs for both kV and MV imaging modalities. The two tested deformation algorithms yielded vastly different results. For kV-kV registration, mim produced mean and maximum errors of 1.8 and 11.5 mm, respectively. These same numbers for Velocity were 2.4 and 7.1 mm, respectively. For MV-MV, kV-MV, and kV-MC Velocity produced similar mean and maximum error values. mim, however, produced gross errors for all three of these scenarios, with maximum errors ranging from 33.4 to 41.6 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The application of DIR across different imaging modalities is particularly difficult, due to differences in tissue HUs and the presence of imaging artifacts. For this reason, DIR algorithms must be validated specifically for this purpose. The developed @entity498 phantom is an effective tool for this purpose.

title: A three-dimensional XXXX phantom for validation of multimodality deformable image registration for adaptive radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: As part of a reconsideration of coverage policy, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services requested a systematic review of the evidence on the use of pneumatic compression devices in the home environment for treatment of @entity4096 . METHODS: Articles were found with a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) databases, hand searches of reference lists, and suggestions of experts. RESULTS: Eight trials that met the inclusion criteria, including several randomized control trials, were found. Most studies were small and may have been underpowered. However, several were well-designed randomized controlled trials. Three studies showed that the devices could alleviate symptoms of @entity4096 . No studies directly measured whether the devices could prevent the occurrence of @entity3179 . Some studies on the treatment of @entity3179 did not show a benefit for pneumatic compression, but other studies showed a benefit for the devices in healing long-standing chronic ulcers that had not healed with other methods. No studies directly compared single-chamber and multiple-chamber devices or studied whether the effectiveness of the pump was dependent on types of treatment used concurrently with the pump. Few adverse events were reported in the trials. @entity1 generally expressed satisfaction with the pneumatic compression devices, and several studies reported higher compliance than with other compression methods. CONCLUSION: The available data cannot be relied on to inform the optimal choice of compression therapy or optimal protocol for @entity1 with @entity4096 . Methodologically rigorous research designed to answer these questions would be useful for treatment decisions. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services considered the results of this study and issued a decision that pneumatic compression will only be covered for @entity1 with refractory @entity4 with significant ulceration of the lower extremities after a 6-month trial of standard therapies, such as compression stockings, has failed.

title: A systematic review of pneumatic compression for treatment of XXXX and @entity3179 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['CVI or venous ulcers', 'CVI', 'chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and venous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['chronic venous insufficiency']


abstract: In this study two different aspects of @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity637 ) and @entity5003 ) in locally induced @entity19 @entity625 ( @entity625 ) were investigated. First, the kinetics and interdependence of @entity637 and @entity5003 release; and second; their involvement in @entity32 and cartilage destruction. Kinetic studies showed that the @entity637 peak level preceded the @entity5003 peak level. However, in vivo neutralization of @entity637 did not result in decreased @entity5003 bioactivity or immunoreactivity, suggesting that there is no dominant @entity637 -dependent @entity5003 release in this model. @entity32 was studied by measuring knee @entity4 and inflammatory cell influx. Impact on cartilage was studied by measuring chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis and cartilage proteoglycan depletion. The role of @entity637 in these phenomena was investigated using anti- @entity637 antibodies and @entity5 necrosis factor binding protein (TNFbp). Similarly, the role of @entity5003 was studied using anti- @entity5003 antibodies or @entity18995 ( @entity18995 ). Anti- @entity637 treatment significantly reduced @entity4 , whereas this effect was not found by using anti- @entity5003 or @entity18995 . In contrast, neutralization of @entity5003 , but not @entity637 , resulted in a significant decrease of chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis inhibition. Moreover, histology revealed that anti- @entity5003 treatment reduced cartilage proteoglycan depletion and inflammatory cell influx. Combined anti- @entity637 /anti- @entity5003 treatment significantly suppressed both @entity32 and cartilage damage. However, the impact on these separate parameters did not exceed the effects of either anti- @entity637 or anti-TNF-1. It can be concluded that both @entity637 and @entity5003 exert specific activities in @entity625 @entity625 . The involvement of @entity637 in this model is limited to @entity4 , whereas @entity5003 plays a dominant role in cartilage destruction and inflammatory cell influx.

title: Different roles of XXXX necrosis factor alpha and @entity5003 in @entity19 @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['SCW', 'streptococcal cell wall arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['joint swelling']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An induced- @entity158 paradigm has been used in back-healthy @entity1 to understand risk factors for developing @entity1643 during prolonged standing. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to (1) compare baseline @entity1515 in back-healthy @entity1 who do ( @entity158 Developers) and do not (Non- @entity158 Developers) develop @entity1643 during 2  h of standing, and (2) examine the relationship between @entity1515 and @entity1643 intensity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHOD: First, @entity1 stood while positions of markers placed superficial to the lumbar vertebrae were recorded using a motion capture system. Following collection of marker positions, @entity1 stood for 2  h while performing light work tasks. At baseline and every 15  min during standing, @entity1 rated their @entity1643 intensity on a visual analog scale. Lumbar @entity1515 was calculated using marker positions collected prior to the 2  h standing period. Lumbar @entity1515 was compared between @entity158 developers and @entity158 developers. In @entity158 developers, the relationship between @entity1515 and maximum @entity158 was examined. RESULTS/FINDINGS: There were 24 (42%) @entity158 developers and 33 (58%) @entity158 developers. Lumbar @entity1515 was significantly larger in @entity158 developers compared to @entity158 developers (Mean difference  =  4.4  ; 95% Confidence Interval  =  0.9   to 7.8  , Cohen's d  =  0.7). The correlation coefficient between @entity1515 and maximum @entity158 was 0.46 (P  =  0.02). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that standing in more @entity1515 may be a risk factor for @entity1643 development during prolonged periods of standing. Identifying risk factors for @entity1643 development can inform preventative and early intervention strategies.

title: Is @entity1515 related to XXXX development during prolonged standing?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'non-pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: Experiments were performed on conscious chronically instrumented @entity35 to determine the contribution of baroreceptor reflex (BRR)-independent mechanisms in the @entity1168 associated with intravenous administration of @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ). At least 2 wk prior to experimentation, the aortic and carotid baroreceptors were denervated in six @entity35 . Following recovery, the maximum bradycardic responses to pressor doses of @entity2647 (PE) or @entity1831 were determined on separate days in each animal. Pulse interval (PI) was calculated from heart rate (HR), and the slopes of PI vs. mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and PI vs. dose were determined for each experiment by linear regression. There was no significant correlation of PI vs. MABP in response to bolus PE in these barodenervated @entity35 . However, there was a significant correlation of PI vs. MABP and PI vs. dose in response to @entity1831 in five of the six barodenervated @entity35 . These data suggest that pressor levels of @entity1831 may elicit @entity1168 independent of the BRR. Another group of experiments was performed in the Langendorff-isolated @entity35 heart preparation to assess the direct chronotropic effect of @entity1831 . Hearts were not paced, and the coronary arteries were perfused at a constant flow. HR was determined at various concentrations of @entity1831 (n = 4 at each dose). In addition, because unpaced hearts exhibited low intrinsic rates, the same protocol was performed in hearts receiving @entity3044 to elevate basal HR (n = 4 at each @entity1831 dose). There was no chronotropic effect of @entity1831 in isolated hearts with or without @entity3044 administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Vasopressin-induced @entity1168 in barodenervated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: To investigate the role of @entity2902 and @entity3647 chains of @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) on the activation of granular lymphocytes (GL) in @entity1 with @entity4751 ( @entity4751 ), the cells obtained from 11 @entity4751 @entity1 (belonging to the CD3+ group) were studied for (a) the surface expression and (b) mRNA transcripts of the @entity2902 and @entity3647 @entity2902 after activation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ). The effects of mAbs specifically blocking the @entity2902 and @entity3647 @entity2902 on the generation of proliferative and cytotoxic functions were studied following anti-CD3 mAb stimulation. A significant difference was observed in the expression of @entity2902 and @entity3647 antigens on @entity4751 cells under resting conditions: a low number of @entity2902 @entity2902 + (mean 1.2 +/- 0.4%) and high values of @entity3647 @entity2902 + cells (54.9 +/- 7.4%). Accordingly, a barely detectable message for the @entity2902 @entity2902 and a strong signal for the @entity3647 @entity2902 mRNA were demonstrated. Following activation with anti-CD3 or @entity1199 , different patterns of @entity2902 expression were observed. Anti-CD3 mAb induced an increase in the expression of the @entity2902 @entity2902 both at the mRNA and antigen level, whereas the @entity3647 values remained consistently raised. In contrast, @entity1199 induced the expression of @entity2902 @entity2902 mRNA associated with only a slight expression of this antigen. This finding was associated with a decrease in the cell expression of the @entity3647 @entity2902 , whereas the amount of @entity3647 mRNA was unchanged. Both anti-CD3 mAb and @entity1199 induced cell proliferation and @entity137 against the K-562 target cells. Anti- @entity2902 @entity2902 mAb did not affect the cytotoxic activity mediated by anti-CD3, but it markedly inhibited cell proliferation. Anti- @entity3647 mAb did not inhibit either lytic function or cell proliferation mediated by anti-CD3 mAb, suggesting that only the high affinity @entity2902 ( @entity2902 plus @entity3647 ) is involved in anti-CD3 mediated cell activation in @entity4751 @entity1 . This mechanism is different from that responsible for the @entity1199 activation of CD3+ GL in @entity4751 @entity1 , which is achieved through the @entity3647 @entity2902 alone. These results provide new insights into the pathophysiology of proliferating GL in @entity4751 @entity1 and may also contribute to further characterization of the normal CD3+ GL population.

title: Different mechanisms of activation of proliferating CD3+ cells in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4751 :: ('MESH:D054066', 'Disease') :: ['LDGL', 'lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes']

answer: @entity4751 :: (MESH:D054066,Disease) :: ['lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes']


abstract: The disabling @entity410 associated with mesial @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) are often resistant to @entity734 ( @entity734 ). The biological basis of this refractoriness is unknown but may include alterations in AED targets in the epileptogenic brain tissue, reduced AED penetration to the @entity410 focus, and neuropathological brain alterations such as @entity131 typically found in @entity1 with refractory @entity1315 . In the present study, we used a @entity35 model of @entity1315 to examine whether AED responders differ from non-responders in their structural alterations and @entity1246 (A) receptor characteristics in the hippocampal formation. In this model, @entity410 develop after a @entity159 induced by prolonged electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala. The frequency of these @entity410 was recorded by continuous video/EEG monitoring before, during, and after daily treatment with @entity109 , which was given at maximum tolerated doses for 2 weeks. Based on their individual response to phenobarbital, @entity35 were grouped into responders and non-responders. The severity or duration of the initial brain insult (the @entity159 ) did not differ between responders and non-responders, indicating that the difference between the two subgroups is genetically determined. Subsequent histological examination showed a significant loss of neurons in the @entity1249 , CA3c/ @entity16711 , and dentate hilus of non-responders, whereas responders did not differ in this respect from non- @entity302 controls. The morphological alterations in the non-responders were associated with striking alterations in autoradiographic imaging of @entity3175 -sensitive and @entity3175 -insensitive @entity1246 (A) receptor binding in the dentate gyrus with a significant shift to enhanced @entity3175 -insensitive binding. The present data indicate that @entity179 and associated @entity1246 (A) receptor changes in the dentate gyrus are critically involved in the mechanisms underlying refractoriness of @entity410 in @entity1315 .

title: Antiepileptic drug-resistant @entity35 differ from drug-responsive @entity35 in @entity179 and @entity1246 (A) receptor ligand binding in a model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'spontaneous recurrent seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: The protozoan parasite @entity2330 is an ancient eukaryotic cell that shows morphologically atypical organelles and differs metabolically from higher eukaryotic cells. The aim of this study was to determine the subcellular localization of ameba @entity2125 +-dependent @entity167 dehydrogenase (ADH2). The enzyme activity was present in soluble and mainly in particulate material whose density was 1.105 in a @entity969 gradient. By differential centrifugation, most of the @entity6085 activity sedimented at 160,000 g (160,000-g pellet), similar to the @entity526 polymeric ADHE. In the Coomassie staining of the 160,000-g pellet analyzed by electrophoresis, a 96-kDa protein was more prominent than in other fractions; this band was recognized by antibodies against @entity7878 ADHE. By gold labeling, the antibodies recognized the granular material that mainly constitutes the 160,000-g pellet and a material that sedimented along with the internal membrane vesicles. By negative staining, the 160,000-g fraction showed @entity2383 with an average length of 103 nm; almost no membrane vesicles were observed in this pellet. In internal membrane fractions, no rodlike structures were found, but protomerlike round structures were observed. These results indicate that the main amebic @entity2125 +-dependent ADH2 activity is naturally organized as rodlike helical particles, similar to bacterial ADHE. Detection of ADH2 in membrane fractions might be explained by cosedimentation of the multimeric @entity6085 during membrane purification.

title: Subcellular localization of the @entity2125 +-dependent XXXX dehydrogenase in @entity2330 trophozoites.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['helical rodlike structures']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and investigate predictors of @entity1538 in Victoria, Australia. DESIGN: Two-site, population-based cross-sectional study. @entity1 : Permanent residents aged 40 years and older at recruitment from 1992 through 1996. METHODS: A cluster-stratified random sample of 4744 @entity1 from two cohorts, urban and rural, participated. @entity1 completed a standardized interview regarding demographic, lifestyle, and medical characteristics and a dilated eye examination including measurement of intraocular pressure, visual fields, cup-to-disc ratios, and paired stereo photography of the optic discs. A consensus panel of six ophthalmologists determined @entity726 diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Diagnosis of @entity726 (possible, probable, definite). RESULTS: The prevalence of possible @entity726 cases was 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60, 1.7), of probable cases was 0.70% (95% CI, 0.39, 1.0), and of definite cases was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.4, 2.2). There was a significant increase in @entity726 prevalence with age across all definitions, but there was no difference in age-standardized rates between genders. A total of 60% of probable and definite @entity726 cases were undiagnosed before this study. Adjusted for age, the strongest risk factor for @entity726 was a positive family history of @entity726 (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6, 5.3). @entity726 @entity1 who had not attended an eye care provider in the last 2 years were eight times (95% CI, 3.2, 20.4) more likely to have undiagnosed disease. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the importance of the genetic or familial basis of many @entity726 cases and highlight the need to develop appropriate techniques to screen for undiagnosed disease.

title: Prevalence and predictors of XXXX : results from the visual impairment project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Inasmuch as coagulation laboratories are involved in providing a diagnosis for underlying causes of venous and arterial @entity715 , we present a comprehensive review of the biological properties and functions of the components of the hemostatic system as they relate to the diagnosis of arterial and @entity49 . Moreover, as coagulation laboratories are necessary to evaluate the success of initial treatment modalities and to provide guidance for supplemental therapeutic intervention, we include information on antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy. Included in clinical coagulation testing are assays that evaluate the potential of blood to form clots and tests for platelet numbers and platelet functions. Clot-based assays directly detect the biological activity of procoagulant factors and fibrinogen; chromogenic substrate assays evaluate proteolytic activities of clotting as well as fibrinolysis enzymes; and specific antibodies measure the concentrations of coagulation and fibrinolysis enzymes in plasma. Genetic testing is rapidly becoming incorporated into the clinical routine. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), and @entity556 time (TT) are screening assays that measure the clotting times of recalcified whole blood or platelet-poor plasma. In addition to their function as screening assays, PT, APTT, and TT are the backbone of all the specialized clot-based assays for factor activities and for the indirect measurement of inhibitory @entity5582 and protein C activities. Molecular markers related to hemostasis and fibrinolysis consist of proteins or peptides that indicate an ongoing physiological or abnormal process related to clot formation, @entity715 , @entity1504 , or drug effect. Molecular markers are currently identified by means of specific antibodies prepared against them. The list of hemostatic molecular markers is rapidly growing. Most of the assays developed for molecular marker measurement, with the notable exception of the d-dimer assay, are typically used in clinical research.

title: A guide for diagnosis of patients with arterial and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 regulates bone turnover by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. @entity842 production is impaired by the @entity16587 eNOS single nucleotide polymorphism, with a substitution of the nucleotide @entity6244 by @entity5538 at a locus 786 base pairs upstream of the eNOS gene. This leads to vasoconstriction, @entity1423 , reduced angiogenesis, and reduced bone formation, all of which may be associated with @entity2530 of the hip. We studied relationships between the @entity16587 eNOS polymorphism and idiopathic and secondary @entity39 of the head of the femur in order to better understand the pathophysiology of @entity2530 . METHODS: With use of polymerase chain reaction methodology, the @entity16587 eNOS polymorphism was compared in ninety-five @entity1 with @entity2738 (including thirty-six nonsmokers with idiopathic @entity39 and fifty-nine @entity1 with secondary @entity39 ) and seventy-two healthy normal adult controls. RESULTS: Homozygosity for the mutant eNOS allele (TT) was present in eight (22%) of thirty-six @entity1 with idiopathic @entity2530 as compared with one (3%) of thirty-six race, gender, and age-matched controls; heterozygosity (TC) was present in nineteen @entity1 (53%) as compared with ten controls (28%); and the wild-type normal genotype (CC) was present in nine @entity1 (25%) as compared with twenty-five controls (69%) (p = 0.0004). Logistic regression revealed that the @entity16587 eNOS mutant allele was positively associated with idiopathic @entity2530 of the femoral head (odds ratio, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.51 to 14.4). The fifty-nine @entity1 with secondary @entity2530 did not differ from fifty-two race, gender, and age-matched controls in terms of the distribution of the @entity16587 eNOS polymorphism (p = 0.19) or in terms of mutant allele frequency (30% compared with 21%; p = 0.15). The thirty-six @entity1 with idiopathic @entity2530 differed from the fifty-nine @entity1 with secondary @entity2530 in that they were more likely to have mutant eNOS genotypes (p = 0.033) and to have a higher mutant T allele frequency (49% compared with 30%; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity16587 eNOS polymorphism and resultant reduction of @entity842 production is associated with, and may contribute to, the pathogenesis of idiopathic @entity2530 of the femoral head. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Association between the @entity16587 eNOS polymorphism and idiopathic XXXX of the head of the femur.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: Astronauts could be exposed to solar particle event (SPE) radiation, which is comprised mostly of proton radiation. Proton radiation is also a treatment option for certain @entity5 . Both astronauts and clinical @entity1 exposed to ionizing radiation are at risk for loss of white blood cells (WBCs), which are the body's main defense against @entity281 . In this report, the effect of Neulasta treatment, a granulocyte colony stimulating factor, after proton radiation exposure is discussed. Mini @entity1707 exposed to @entity348 irradiation at a dose of 2 Gy received 4 treatments of either Neulasta or saline injections. Peripheral blood cell counts and thromboelastography parameters were recorded up to 30 days post-irradiation. Neulasta significantly improved @entity393 , specifically neutrophils, in irradiated animals by approximately 60% three days after the first injection, compared to the saline treated, irradiated animals. Blood cell counts quickly decreased after the last Neulasta injection, suggesting a transient effect on WBC stimulation. Statistically significant changes in hemostasis parameters were observed after proton radiation exposure in both the saline and Neulasta treated irradiated groups, as well as internal organ complications such as pulmonary changes. In conclusion, Neulasta treatment temporarily alleviates proton radiation-induced @entity393 , but has no effect on altered hemostatic responses.

title: Effects of a granulocyte colony stimulating factor, Neulasta, in mini XXXX exposed to @entity348 irradiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total body proton']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: The aetiology of @entity14752 is still unknown. A 52-year-old @entity1 with so far unspecific @entity1374 presented with acute onset of right-sided sensory loss and @entity227 . The neurological examination revealed a right upper quadrant anopsia and subtle right-sided sensory loss and @entity425 . The cranial MRI showed a left-sided @entity385 . MR angiography demonstrated a stenosis of the proximal segment of the left posterior cerebral artery, which was confirmed by conventional catheter angiography. The @entity1 had no cardiovascular risk factors, no signs of @entity13571 , and no @entity1031 . Thyroid function tests showed a @entity1375 with plasma TSH level of 12.0 mU/ml, and thyroid antibodies were markedly elevated (hTG-AB 3390 U/ml, @entity5787 -AB > 8000 U/ml). Typical features of @entity2621 were demonstrated by ultrasound and scintigraphic examination of the thyroid gland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of @entity75 with localised @entity1333 of the posterior cerebral arteries and left posterior @entity1188 . It could be shown that the MR angiogram is a feasible tool to demonstrate regression of the @entity1333 under glucocorticoid therapy.

title: [Circumscribed XXXX with posterior @entity1188 in @entity75 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's disease"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's encephalopathy"]

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorder']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: Recent clinical research has shown that @entity2993 (ATO) in combination with @entity165 absorption inhibitor @entity3709 (EZE) significantly reduces LDL-C level in @entity1 with @entity1007 , showing a superior lipid-lowering efficacy compared to statin alone. With no information currently available on the interaction between the two drugs, a pharmacokinetic study was conducted to investigate the influence of EZE on ATO and conversely when the two drugs were coadministered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of capsules containing ATO 80 mg, EZE 10 mg or the combination of both 80/10 mg administered to healthy Mexican volunteers. This was a randomized, three-period, six-sequences crossover study. 36 eligible subjects aged between 20 to 50 years were included. Blood samples were collected up to 96 h after dosing, and pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by non-compartmental analysis. Adverse events were evaluated based on subject interviews and physical examinations. Area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) were measured for each drug alone or together and tested for bioequivalence-based hypothesis. The estimation computed (90% confidence intervals) for AUC and Cmax, were 96.04% (85.88-107.42%) and 97.04% (82.36-114.35%), respectively for ATO-EZE combination versus ATO alone, while 84.42% (77.19-92.32%) and 95.60% (82.43-110.88%), respectively, for ATO-EZE combination versus EZE alone were estimated. These results suggest that ATO and EZE have no relevant pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction.

title: Pharmacokinetic non-interaction analysis in a fixed-dose formulation in combination of XXXX and @entity3709 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Polytraumaschl  ssel (PTS) in @entity1 with multiple peacetime and wartime @entity130 . DESIGN: Prospective and retrospective study. SETTING: General hospital, Croatia. SUBJECTS: 71 @entity1 with @entity1230 admitted between 1 January 1993 and 30 September 1994; 41 had peacetime (road traffic accident) @entity130 and 30 had been injured in battle. INTERVENTIONS: ISS and PTS scores. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Correlation of scores with morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: All @entity1 with wartime @entity130 were @entity1 , compared with 30/41 (73%) of those with peacetime @entity130 (p < 0.0001). Those with wartime @entity130 were slightly but not significant younger (mean 35 years, range 17-69, compared with 44 years, range 17-87). Mortality was higher among those with peacetime @entity130 , but not significantly so (11/41 compared with 5/30, p=0.39). The two scores correlated well for all @entity130 (r=0.76), and peacetime (r=0.71) and wartime @entity130 (r=0.84) separately (all correlations p < 0.0001). In both groups, @entity1 who subsequently died scored significantly higher with both scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The two scores were equally good at describing the severity of injury, and the likelihood of subsequent death, however the @entity130 were caused.

title: XXXX in peacetime and wartime estimate of severity of injury by the Injury Severity Score and Polytraumaschl  ssel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['Multiple injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our previous reports found that basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity540 ; @entity540 ) influences the proliferation and extracellular matrix production of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. In this study, we examined @entity540 expression in gingival epithelium and the effect of @entity540 on proliferative responses by gingival epithelial (GE) cells. METHODS: @entity1 GE cells were isolated from healthy gingival epithelium, and the mRNA expression of @entity540 and FGF receptors (FGFRs) was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The distribution of @entity540 in gingival tissues was detected by immunohistological analysis using the monoclonal antibody for @entity1 recombinant @entity540 , which was newly established and designated as @entity4011 . Further, the proliferative responses of GE cells to @entity540 were investigated by measuring @entity665 uptake. RESULTS: RT-PCR revealed that GE cells express @entity7167 , @entity7991 , @entity2557 , and @entity16756 mRNA; however, not that of @entity540 . Employing immunohistochemical staining with @entity4011 , @entity540 was observed localized in the intercellular spaces of gingival epithelium, though not in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Interestingly, staining by @entity4011 in the intercellular spaces was diminished after treatment of the tissue sections with heparitinase. Further, an in vitro analysis revealed that @entity540 enhanced the proliferative responses of @entity1 GE cells. However, costimulation with fetal calf serum inhibited the @entity540 -induced proliferation of GE cells, whereas the same costimulation synergistically enhanced @entity540 -induced PDL cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity540 is anchored in the intercellular spaces of gingival epithelium via heparansulfate and may regulate the growth and cytodifferentiation of GE cells via cell-type specific receptors.

title: Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on XXXX gingival epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]-thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) is the most common serious @entity2348 in early life. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment prevent complications such as @entity101 , @entity644 and @entity454 . A computerized search of MEDLINE, Embase and other databases was done to find the latest results about the treatment and prevention in pediatric @entity293 . Randomized control trials, systematic reviews and original articles were assessed. Search terms were " @entity293 , treatment, prophylaxis, prevention, and @entity1 ". All @entity1 with complicated or simple @entity293 were included in our search study from neonatal period to late childhood and medical aspects of treatment were reviewed. Recently, treatment approaches have been changed by simplification of drug administration. Oral treatment is recommended especially in older @entity1 and @entity1 instead of strict intravenous treatment and @entity1 admission. In addition, prophylactic treatment becomes easier and limited to certain cases. In this article, we review the recent information and approaches in this setting.

title: Treatment and prophylaxis in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['UTI', 'Urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: In order to determine optimal CsA @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) in the early post transplantation period, we analysed relationships between @entity1503 and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) in paediatric @entity8 . A total of 94 @entity1 consecutively underwent allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) from: matched-sibling ( @entity11159 ) (n=36), @entity5527 ( @entity5527 ) (n=3) and unrelated donors (UD) (n=55). GVHD prophylaxis usually included CsA alone or with @entity1499 . Antithymocyte globulin was added in UD- @entity8 . @entity1503 during the first weeks of post transplantation were estimated retrospectively by a Bayesian pharmacokinetic method and statistically associated with @entity2132 . In @entity11159 - @entity8 , the mean @entity1503 during the first 2 weeks post transplantation were 42+/-10 and 90+/-7 ng/ml, respectively, in @entity1 with grade II-IV and 0-I @entity2132 (P=0.001). In @entity8 from UD and @entity5527 , @entity1503 were 73+/-4 vs 95+/-8 ng/ml (P=0.284). For @entity1503 >85 ng/ml, no @entity1 developed grade II-IV @entity2132 , 10 developed mild @entity2132 and 30 had no @entity2132 . For @entity1503 <65 ng/ml, 7/11 @entity1 receiving an @entity11159 - @entity8 and 4/18 receiving an UD- or @entity5527 - @entity8 developed grade II-IV @entity2132 . The mean @entity1503 corresponding to each grade were: no GVHD: 101+/-10 ng/ml, mild: 77+/-11 ng/ml, moderate: 61+/-13 ng/ml, severe: 56+/-15 ng/ml (P <0.001). These results reveal a strong relationship between @entity1503 during the early post transplantation period and the severity of @entity2132 in paediatric @entity8 .

title: Relationship between CsA trough blood concentration and severity of @entity2132 after paediatric XXXX from matched-sibling or unrelated donors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['TBC', 'trough blood concentrations']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease', 'aGVHD']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['MMRD', 'mismatched-related']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['stem cell transplantation']


abstract: The prevalence and characteristics of @entity3061 were studied after 174 consecutive total knee arthroplasties, performed without cement; 16 per cent (twenty-seven) of the implants (in twenty-six @entity1 ) were identified as being associated with @entity3061 . The diagnosis was made an average of thirty-five months after the operation. Fifteen (56 per cent) of the twenty-seven prostheses were revised after an average of forty-five months in situ. The remaining twelve implants were still in situ five years or more postoperatively. In the @entity1 who were managed with revision, six implants were judged to be stable radiographically and intraoperatively. The remaining nine implants were loose. The average age of the @entity1 who had @entity3061 was sixty-three years, and the average weight was seventy-six kilograms (168 pounds). Eighteen of the twenty-six @entity1 who had @entity3061 were @entity1 . The medial aspect of the tibial metaphysis was the most common site for resorption of bone (twenty-four knees). Sequential radiographs demonstrated progressive extension of the osteolytic process around the tibial base-plate of the prosthesis and distally into the tibial metaphysis along the screw-bone interface in all @entity1 . Histological evaluation of tissue obtained at the revision procedures revealed sheets of histiocytes and occasional giant cells. Intracellular particulate @entity691 and metal were found; most particles were less than one micrometer in size, although particles as large as three micrometers were identified. Mechanical failure of the thin, modular, @entity691 tibial insert; excessive abrasion of the prominent @entity691 tibial eminence, with secondary wear and impingement of the pin on the femoral component; and failure of the metal-backed patellar component all contributed to the extensive amount of @entity691 and the variable amount of metal debris that were generated. Corrosion between the angulated @entity702 screws and the @entity1953 - @entity3407 base-plate also contributed particulate metal to the osteolytic process locally. This study demonstrated that @entity3061 occurs in association with cementless total knee replacement.

title: XXXX after total knee arthroplasty without cement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity3061 :: (MESH:D010014,Disease) :: ['Osteolysis']


abstract: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) induces @entity299 and insulin resistance (IR). This study examines the effects of @entity583 -related IR on vasorelaxation and its underlying mechanisms, with a specific focus on the role of exercise in reversing the impaired vasorelaxation. Adult male @entity35 were divided into three groups: Sham, @entity583 , and @entity583 +Exercise. @entity583 +Exercise @entity35 were subjected to 8  weeks of treadmill training. Cardiac contraction, myocardial and arterial structure, vasorelaxation, levels of inflammatory cytokines, expression of eNOS and @entity1505 , and activation of PI3K/ @entity2308 /eNOS and @entity12220 ( @entity12220 ) were determined in aortas. @entity583 significantly impaired endothelial structure and vasodilation (P  <  0.05-0.01), as indicated by decreased arterial vasorelaxation to @entity3451 and insulin. @entity583 also attenuated the myocardial contractile response, decreased aortic PI3K/ @entity2308 /eNOS expression and phosphorylation by insulin, and increased @entity3426 , @entity568 , and @entity1505 expression and @entity12220 activity (P  <  0.05-0.01). Exercise improved insulin sensitivity in aortas, facilitated myocardial contractile response and arterial vasorelaxation to @entity3451 and insulin, and increased arterial PI3K/ @entity2308 /eNOS activity. Moreover, exercise markedly reversed increased @entity12220 MAPK activity and normalized inflammatory cytokines in @entity583 . Inhibition of PI3K with @entity2306 , and eNOS with @entity6462 significantly blocked arterial vasorelaxation and PI3K/ @entity2308 /eNOS phosphorylation in response to insulin. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that @entity409 in response to insulin plays an important role in @entity583 -related IR. The reversal of IR by exercise is most likely associated with normalizing inflammatory cytokines, increasing the activation of PI3K/ @entity2308 /eNOS, and reducing the activation of @entity12220 .

title: Exercise training reduces insulin resistance in postmyocardial infarction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'post-MI arteries', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity12220 :: ('81649(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['p38', 'p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase', 'p38 MAPK']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical characteristics, EEG changes and therapeutic response of benign infantile @entity302 and to study the early diagnostic methods. METHODS: Clinical observation and Video-EEG monitoring were carried out in babies with @entity410 at 3 - 24 months of age. In these @entity1 , febrile @entity410 , symptomatic @entity302 and @entity851 were excluded, and the therapeutic effect and long-term outcome were followed up. RESULTS: Forty-two babies were diagnosed to have benign infantile @entity302 by two-year follow-up. Three of them had familial history of benign infantile @entity410 . Nineteen percent had mild @entity294 during the onset of @entity410 , cluster @entity410 occurred during a short period in 67% of cases and no @entity159 occurred. Video-EEG monitoring confirmed @entity410 originating from temporal, occipital or multifocal areas separately in 3 @entity1 with partial @entity410 . Interictal EEG background was normal and there were Rolandic small spikes during sleep in 24% of @entity1 . Thirty-nine @entity1 were treated with single antiepileptic drugs and the mean treatment course was 9 months. Three cases did not take medicine. All the @entity1 were @entity410 free within a year. CONCLUSION: Benign infantile @entity302 should be considered when the following characteristics occur in early stage of the disease: (1) @entity410 occurring between 3 to 12 month of age and not later than 24 months of age with or without familial history of benign infantile @entity410 ; (2) normal psychomotor development before and after @entity410 occurs; (3) no evoked factors or only mild @entity294 ; (4) majority of cases have partial @entity410 , or secondary generalized @entity410 . There are often cluster @entity410 during the onset stage, but no @entity159 ; (5) normal EEG background and there may be Rolandic small spikes during sleep; (6) normal neuroimaging.

title: [Clinical observation and long-term follow-up of benign infantile XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsion', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Acute @entity177 due to bilateral @entity548 is rare and may initially present with non-specific symptoms. It can rapidly progress into a life-threatening condition if not diagnosed promptly. Both traumatic and non-traumatic conditions have been implicated in the aetiology, with the latter been even rarer. We describe the case of a 57-year-old @entity1 presenting with @entity391 and @entity158 and later developing @entity221 and @entity294 . The @entity1 then deteriorated into shock and primary @entity1887 was identified. A computed tomography scan noted bilateral @entity548 . Further investigations showed a @entity20815 and a @entity2590 , with monosomy seven. Bilateral non-traumatic @entity548 is an infrequent finding and investigating its aetiology can be challenging. In our @entity1 , two simultaneous underlying diseases were identified. To the best of our knowledge, the combination of these two non-traumatic conditions as a cause of acute bilateral @entity548 has not been previously reported.

title: @entity1887 as a first presentation of @entity2590 and XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal failure']

entities_list: @entity20815 :: ('MESH:D012811', 'Disease') :: ['sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

answer: @entity20815 :: (MESH:D012811,Disease) :: ['sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of PROGRESS is to determine reliably the efficacy of lowering blood pressure for the prevention of @entity64 in @entity1 with a history of @entity66 . DESIGN: PROGRESS is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects on the incidence of @entity64 and other major cardiovascular events and @entity303 of treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor @entity4687 , alone or in combination with the diuretic @entity7486 . METHODS: The study population comprises 6000 normotensive or @entity101 @entity1 with a history of @entity64 or transient ischaemic attack within the previous 5 years. The study is being conducted in over 160 centres in seven regions: Australia and New Zealand, The @entity1 's Republic of China, France and Belgium, Italy, Japan, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Computerized randomization to active treatment or placebo is performed by fax direct to Auckland, New Zealand. The primary study outcome is @entity64 and secondary outcomes include @entity583 events and @entity204 , cognitive function and disability. @entity1 will be followed for a minimum of 4 years after randomization. RESULTS: By 16 July 1996, 162 local clinical centres had been registered across the seven regions, and 1682 @entity1 , 49% with a history of @entity101 , had been randomly assigned to receive active treatment or placebo, with 65% allocated to the combination of @entity4687 and @entity7486 or double placebo, and 35% to @entity4687 alone or single placebo. Three months after randomization, the blood pressure difference between the treatment and control groups among the first 182 @entity1 randomized was 11.9 mmHg (systolic) and 3.9 mmHg (diastolic). Six @entity64 and two non- @entity64 @entity65 have been recorded after a total of 3174 @entity1 -months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Observations made so far confirm that full recruitment into the study is feasible and that treatment with @entity4687 and @entity7486 is well tolerated in the study population. The blood pressure differences between control and treatment groups recorded so far suggest that the study should have the power to achieve its primary objectives, provided compliance with treatment is satisfactory and 6000 @entity1 are successfully recruited and followed for 4-5 years.

title: PROGRESS-- XXXX protection against recurrent @entity64 study: status in July 1996. PROGRESS Management Committee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'total stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['fatal or non-fatal stroke, total major cardiovascular']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deaths']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity4687 :: (MESH:D020913,Chemical) :: ['perindopril']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a late-onset @entity6391 that revealed @entity425 , @entity2055 , and @entity46530 as a consequence of the @entity37274 mitochondrial mutation. METHODS: Observational case series. A 42-year-old female disclosed a late-onset @entity1105 . The family history revealed that her three sons, one of them deceased at the age of 4, had @entity16 of variable severity. The @entity1105 of the mother was classified as a @entity6391 . @entity1105 was subsequently diagnosed in the two surviving sons. Screening for mutation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was performed because of the combination of neurologic involvement and @entity1105 in this family. RESULTS: Molecular analysis of the mtDNA revealed the @entity26560 gene @entity37274 mutation in the mother and the two sons. CONCLUSION: This family illustrates the remarkably variable expression of retinal and systemic manifestations related to the @entity37274 mutation ranging from an isolated late-onset @entity6391 to a severe neurodegenerative process with a dramatic outcome. Genetic counseling for @entity1105 requires careful evaluation of the familial medical history.

title: Isolated late-onset @entity6391 revealing @entity425 , @entity2055 , and XXXX with the @entity37274 mitochondrial mutation.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mental and neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity1105 :: ('MESH:D058499', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dystrophies', 'retinal dystrophy', 'Retinal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['a familial neurogenic muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['cone-rod dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity46530 :: ('MESH:C537612', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa syndrome']

answer: @entity46530 :: (MESH:C537612,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa syndrome']


abstract: The aim of this study was to increase the in vivo mean residence time of @entity53537 after IV injection utilizing long circulating mixed micellar systems. Mixed micelles were prepared using Pluronics L121, P123 and F127. The systems were characterized by testing their entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy and in vitro drug release. Simple lattice mixture design was planned for the optimization using Design-Expert(  ) software. The optimized formula was lyophilized, sterilized and imaged by scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the in vivo behavior of the optimized formula was evaluated after IV injection in @entity95 . The optimized formula, containing 68% w/w @entity12185 and 32% w/w @entity12185 , had the highest desirability value (0.621). Entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of the optimized formula were 50.74  3.26%, 161.50  7.39nm, 0.21  0.03 and -22.42  1.72mV, respectively. Lyophilization and sterilization did not affect the characteristics of the optimized formula. Upon in vivo investigation in @entity95 , the optimized formula showed a significantly higher elimination half-life and mean residence time than the market product. Finally, mixed micelles could be considered as a promising long circulating nanocarrier for lipophilic drugs.

title: Optimization of long circulating mixed polymeric micelles containing XXXX using simple lattice mixture design, in vitro and in vivo characterization.

entities_list: @entity53537 :: ('MESH:C013983', 'Chemical') :: ['vinpocetine']

entities_list: @entity12185 :: ('MESH:D020442', 'Chemical') :: ['Pluronic L121', 'Pluronic F127']

answer: @entity53537 :: (MESH:C013983,Chemical) :: ['vinpocetine']


abstract: Type I @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase ( @entity6709 -I) mediates @entity842 (NO) and hormone dependent smooth muscle relaxation and stimulates smooth muscle cell-specific gene expression. Expression of @entity6709 -I in cultured smooth muscle cells depends on culture conditions and is inhibited by inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-I and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha, which are known to stimulate Type II NO synthase ( @entity3623 ) expression. We report here that the suppression of @entity6709 -I protein levels in smooth muscle cells is triggered by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. Incubation of vascular smooth muscle cells with phosphodiesterase-resistant @entity8262 analogs (e.g., @entity8263 ) decreases @entity6709 -I protein level in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. To study this process, we tested the effects of @entity11255 on @entity6709 -I protein level in Cos7 cells, which do not express endogenous type I @entity6709 mRNA. @entity11255 induced the ubiquitination and down-regulation of @entity6709 -Ialpha, but not @entity6709 -Ibeta. Treatment of cells with the 26S proteasome inhibitor, @entity16626 , increased ubiquitination of @entity6709 . Blocking @entity6709 -I catalytic activity using the cell-permeant specific @entity6709 -I inhibitor, DT-2, inhibited @entity6708 -induced @entity6709 -I ubiquitination and down-regulation, suggesting that @entity6709 catalytic activity and autophosphorylation were required for suppression of @entity6709 -I level. Mutation of the known autophosphorylation sites of @entity6709 -Ialpha to @entity493 uncovered a specific role for autophosphorylation of @entity563 -64 in @entity6708 -dependent ubiquitination and suppression of @entity6709 -I level. The results suggest that chronic elevation of @entity6708 , as seen in inflammatory conditions, triggers ubiquitination and degradation of @entity6709 -Ialpha in smooth muscle.

title: XXXX specifically suppresses Type-Ialpha @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase expression by ubiquitination.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity8262 :: (MESH:D006152,Chemical) :: ['Cyclic GMP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the fractional esterification rate of @entity165 on HDL particles (FERHDL) in adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 and assess its correlation with serum lipids and other @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: FERHDL was measured in 90 adult (57 @entity1 , 33 @entity1 ) @entity1 by an isotopic assay method involving several steps, including preparation of VLDL- and LDL-depleted plasma, labeling of the sample with a trace amount of tritiated @entity165 , separation of free and esterified @entity165 fractions by chromatography post incubation, and subsequent counting of radioactivity in the individual fractions. RESULTS: Male @entity1 have higher FERHDL values than their female counterparts. When HDL @entity165 was controlled for in a multivariate regression analysis, the sex factor was not significant. There was a significant positive correlation between FERHDL and plasma total @entity165 (r = 0.32), @entity1674 (r = 0.82), @entity755 (apo B; r = 0.48), insulin (r = 0.46), BMI (r = 0.31), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; r = 0.50). There was a negative correlation between FERHDL and HDL @entity165 (r = -0.76) and apolipoprotein AI (r = -0.60). When both HDL @entity165 and @entity1674 were controlled for, the only significant correlation was between FERHDL and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Non-insulin-requiring @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 have FERHDL, which correlated positively with @entity1674 and negatively with HDL @entity165 . The positive correlation of FERHDL with serum insulin, WHR, total @entity165 , and apo B, but not that with BMI, loses its significance when HDL @entity165 and @entity1674 are controlled. The sex difference between @entity1 and @entity1 in FERHDL also loses its significance when HDL @entity165 is controlled.

title: Fractional esterification rate of HDL particles in @entity1 with XXXX 2 @entity6 . Relation to @entity301 risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: Improvements in outcomes for older adults sustaining @entity130 have lagged far behind those of younger @entity1 . As this segment of the population grows, there has been an increasing interest in better understanding the epidemiology and outcomes of injury in older adults. The National Burn Repository (NBR) provides a unique opportunity to examine @entity130 on a national level. We aimed to characterize specific injury and outcome trends in older adult with burns through analysis of the NBR. We examined the records of all @entity1 in the NBR aged 55 and older. To characterize age effects on injury and outcomes, @entity1 were stratified into three age categories: 55 to 64 years, 65 to 74 years, and 75 years and older. Baseline characteristics, details of hospital treatment, mortality, and disposition were compared among these three age groups using chi or analysis of variance. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of age on burn mortality. A total of 180,401 @entity1 records were available from 1991 to 2005, of which 23,180 (14%) met age inclusion criteria. Mean burn size (9.6% TBSA) and percent with @entity130 (11.3%) did not markedly differ by age. @entity1 predominated overall (ratio 1.4:1), although @entity1 (4290) outnumbered @entity1 (3439) in the oldest age category. Length of stay per TBSA and median hospital charges increased with increasing age category, suggesting higher resource consumption with aging. Mean number of operations per @entity1 , however, decreased with age. Mortality rates and discharge to nonindependent status increased with age. By logistic regression, the adjusted odds ratio for mortality was 2.3 (95% CI 2.1-2.7) in the 65 to 74 age group, and 5.4 (95% CI 4.8-6.1) in the oldest group when compared with the 55 to 64 age group. Mortality rates decreased significantly after 2001 across all age groups. This analysis demonstrates age-dependent differences in resource utilization and mortality risk within the older burn population and highlights the need for a national research agenda focused on management practices and outcomes in older adult with burns.

title: Epidemiology and outcomes of older adults with XXXX : an analysis of the National Burn Repository.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries', 'inhalation injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a continuous quality improvement effort implemented by a network of @entity6 outpatient clinics in Sicily, Italy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-two clinics adopted the same electronic medical record system. Process and intermediate outcomes indicators were identified and software was developed, enabling the extraction of the information needed for the profiling of quality of care. Data were centrally analyzed anonymously every year, and results were discussed in meetings with the @entity1 . The performances of the different centers were ranked against the "best performers," and the reasons for variation were discussed. RESULTS: From 2001 to 2005, a total of 26,782 @entity1 aged >or=18 years have been seen in the participating clinics. Rates of monitoring of @entity3916 , blood pressure, lipid profile, and microalbuminuria constantly increased over the years. The percentage of individuals with @entity3916 values <or=7.0% increased by 16.6%, while the proportion of @entity1 with blood pressure <or=130/85 mmHg increased by 10.7%. The percentage of individuals with LDL @entity165 levels <100 mg/dl had a marked increase from 19.4 to 44.1%. Rates of use of lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensive drugs, and @entity117 also substantially raised over the years. CONCLUSIONS: We found a strong consistency between increasing rates of monitoring, increasing drug prescription, and better levels of intermediate outcomes. Despite the satisfactory achievements, a substantial room for improvement in the care of @entity6 still persists.

title: Five-year impact of a continuous quality improvement effort implemented by a network of XXXX outpatient clinics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Using cortical cups in @entity4486 -urethanized @entity35 , the in vivo release of @entity8586 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity6140 - @entity3162 ) from cerebral cortex was examined. Resting levels of @entity8586 -like immunoreactivity ranged from 20 to 30 pg/20 min sample. The addition of @entity972 (40 mM) in excess, resulted in a highly significant elevation in the levels of @entity6140 - @entity3162 in the cortical superfusate. Deletion of @entity460 and the substitution of @entity1953 (10 mM), resulted in a significant reduction in both resting release and the release otherwise evoked by the addition of @entity972 . Focal electrical stimulation of the cortex (20 Hz), resulted in a significant (1.9 +/- 0.2-fold, n = 8) increase in the levels of @entity6140 - @entity3162 . The addition of @entity2227 (10(-6)-10(-4) M) of @entity4176 (10(-8)-10(-6) M), also resulted in significant elevations in the levels of @entity6140 - @entity3162 . The co-administration of a putative @entity2227 receptor antagonist, @entity5373 (10(-4) M) resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of release otherwise evoked by the addition of @entity2227 , but not by electrical stimulation. The addition of @entity1246 (10(-5)-10(-3) M) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the resting release of @entity6140 - @entity3162 , and the release evoked by @entity2227 . @entity5094 (10(-6)-10(-4) M), resulted in a highly significant increase in the levels of @entity6140 - @entity3162 in the cortical effluent. These results are consistent with a tonic GABAergic inhibition of @entity6140 -releasing neurons. The treatment of the animal with @entity3175 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) also resulted in a significant reduction in resting release and the release otherwise evoked by focal cortical stimulation.

title: Release of @entity8586 from XXXX cerebral cortex in vivo: role of @entity1246 and @entity2227 receptor systems.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['Picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5373 :: ('MESH:D007736', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study was conducted to identify the anti- @entity5 effects of rAd/ @entity876 , which is a recombinant @entity1 serotype 5 @entity17472 , in @entity957 ( @entity957 ). @entity19 models of @entity1 @entity957 were constructed by injecting @entity1 @entity957 cells into both flanks of @entity19 . Subsequently, the 75 @entity19 with @entity957 xenograft @entity5 were randomly divided into recombinant @entity1 serotype 5 @entity17472 (rAd)/ @entity876 , rAd/ @entity876 + @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity1487 groups. One side of the @entity5 was administered the therapeutic agents as the therapeutic group, whereas the remaining side was treated with medical saline as the control. At 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h post-intratumoral injection, alterations in @entity5 volume, @entity5 @entity39 and the expression of several @entity5 -associated genes, including @entity1594 , @entity5345 and matrix metalloproteinase ( @entity1476 ), were analyzed. Compared with its control group, the rAd/ @entity876 group exhibited a significantly increased @entity5 @entity39 ratio. In addition, @entity1594 and @entity5345 expression levels increased significantly at various time points (P<0.05), and @entity1476 expression decreased significantly (P<0.05). In the rAd/ @entity876 + @entity1487 group, the @entity5 @entity39 ratio, and @entity1594 and @entity5345 expression levels also significantly increased at various time points (P<0.05). @entity1476 gene transcription gradually decreased, high expression of @entity1594 was prolonged, and high expression of @entity5345 was observed in the early period following treatment compared with the rAd/ @entity876 group. In addition, @entity876 expression exhibited a positive correlation with the @entity5 @entity39 ratio and @entity1594 expression, and showed a negative correlation with @entity1476 gene transcription (P<0.05). These findings indicate that rAd/ @entity876 has a potent anti- @entity5 effect in @entity957 via the promotion of @entity5 @entity39 and regulating the expression of various @entity5 -associated genes.

title: Antitumor effects of recombinant @entity1 adenovirus- XXXX against @entity1 @entity957 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cSCC', 'cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: The effect of aqueous @entity524 ( @entity525 ) on controlling foodborne pathogens, @entity375 , and molds on blueberries was studied. Five pathogens were spot-inoculated on the skin of blueberries. A sachet containing necessary chemicals for generation of @entity525 was used to provide 320 ppm of @entity525 in 7.5 l of water. The efficacy of different concentrations (1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 ppm) of @entity525 and various contact times (10s; 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 min; and 1h and 2h) were studied. @entity525 was most effective in reducing @entity5125 (4.88 log cfu/g) as compared to the other pathogens. @entity796 was reduced by 2.16 log cfu/g after 5 min when treated with 15 ppm of @entity525 . Relatively short treatment time was more effective in reducing @entity2491 than longer treatment time for most concentrations. The highest reduction (4.56 log cfu/g) of @entity794 was achieved with 15 ppm of @entity525 for 30 min. When treated for 2h with 5 ppm of @entity525 , @entity2820 was reduced by 3.49 log cfu/g. Fifteen ppm of @entity525 reduced natural @entity375 and molds by 2.82 log cfu/g after 1h. Concentrations of @entity525 decreased over time. When exposed to blueberries, @entity525 concentrations were further reduced, showing significant degradation.

title: Effect of a simple XXXX method for controlling five foodborne pathogens, @entity375 and molds on blueberries.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity524 :: ('MESH:C025109', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2820 :: ('630', 'Species') :: ['Yersinia enterocolitica']

answer: @entity524 :: (MESH:C025109,Chemical) :: ['chlorine dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) primarily reflect involvement of the central nervous system. The coexistence of @entity3605 with @entity1897 has also been reported. OBJECTIVE: To analyze peripheral neuron electrophysiologic changes and to compare these data with neuropathologic features of spinal motor neurons in @entity1 with definite @entity3605 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : Electrophysiologic examinations were performed on 16 @entity1 with @entity13895 . The diagnosis was confirmed by neuropathologic examinations (15 @entity1 ) or by intravital detection of the 14-3-3 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (1 @entity1 ). The spinal cord was neuropathologically examined in 8 @entity1 . SETTING: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, I Neurological Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Electromyography, compound muscle and sensory nerve action potentials, distal latencies, F waves, peripheral motor and sensory conduction velocity, and spinal motor neuron numbers and morphologic characteristics. RESULTS: All @entity1 had signs of central nervous system damage typical of @entity13895 . Only 3 @entity1 had clinical signs of @entity1897 . Electrophysiologic examinations confirmed peripheral nervous system damage in these @entity1 and revealed preclinical @entity1897 in 11 more @entity1 . In 1 @entity1 , electrophysiologic examination revealed features of @entity4681 ; in 9, @entity66 ; and in 4, @entity17 . Neuropathologic examination results confirmed severe loss of spinal motor neurons in 1 @entity1 with @entity4681 and revealed the features of motor neuron chronic disease in 4. In 2 of them, electrophysiologic data were normal. CONCLUSION: In sporadic cases of @entity3605 , @entity1897 should be considered to be an integral component of disease.

title: XXXX in @entity3605 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['axonal-demyelinating neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axonal disease']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nervous system impairment', 'peripheral nervous system involvement']

entities_list: @entity13895 :: ('MESH:C565143', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic CJD']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Impairment of the peripheral nervous system']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare and contrast three databases, that is, The International Centre for @entity13187 Fibrosis Registry (ICNSFR), the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and a legal data set, through pharmacovigilance and to evaluate international @entity3040 systemic @entity82 (NSF) safety efforts. METHODS: The Research on Adverse Drug events And Reports methodology was used for assessment-the FAERS (through June 2009), ICNSFR and the legal data set (January 2002 to December 2010). Safety information was obtained from the European Medicines Agency, the Danish Medicine Agency and the Food and Drug Administration. RESULTS: The FAERS encompassed the largest number (n   =   1395) of NSF reports. The ICNSFR contained the most complete (n   =   335, 100%) histopathological data. A total of 382 individual biopsy-proven, product-specific NSF cases were analysed from the legal data set. 76.2% (291/382) identified exposure to @entity5777 , of which 67.7% (197/291) were unconfounded. Additionally, 40.1% (153/382) of cases involved @entity7241 , of which 48.4% (74/153) were unconfounded, while @entity57213 was identified in 7.3% (28/382) of which 28.6% (8/28) were unconfounded. Some cases involved @entity23432 or @entity25942 , 5.8% (22/382), all of which were confounded. The mean number of exposures to @entity2287 -based contrast agents (GBCAs) was @entity5777 (3), @entity7241 (5) and @entity57213 (2). Of the 279 unconfounded cases, all involved a linear-structured GBCA. 205 (73.5%) were a non-ionic GBCA while 74 (26.5%) were an ionic GBCA. CONCLUSION: Clinical and legal databases exhibit unique characteristics that prove complementary in safety evaluations. Use of the legal data set allowed the identification of the most commonly implicated GBCA. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This article is the first to demonstrate explicitly the utility of a legal data set to pharmacovigilance research.

title: Advancing pharmacovigilance through academic-legal collaboration: the case of @entity2287 -based contrast agents and @entity3040 systemic XXXX -a research on adverse drug events and reports (RADAR) report.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity57213 :: ('MESH:C112666', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoversetamide']

entities_list: @entity13187 :: ('MESH:D054989', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrogenic Systemic']

entities_list: @entity25942 :: ('MESH:C062402', 'Chemical') :: ['gadoteridol']

entities_list: @entity23432 :: ('MESH:C064572', 'Chemical') :: ['gadobenate dimeglumine']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate dimeglumine']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity5777 :: ('MESH:C064925', 'Chemical') :: ['gadodiamide']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pain management after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) should permit early knee mobilization with minimal @entity158 . Periarticular injection (PAI) with local anaesthetics has been recently discussed as a protocol of @entity158 control. The purpose of this review of the literature was to evaluate the efficacy of PAI in comparison with femoral @entity616 (FNB). METHODS: A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, the OVID database and the Cochrane Library databases. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool. Outcomes of interest included narcotic consumption, @entity158 score, early mobilization ability, length of stay and adverse effects or events. RESULTS: Research identified 918 articles, of which six with a total of 284 knees, met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for the current study. Conflicting evidence was found in terms of narcotic consumption on the postoperative day 1 and early mobilization ability. @entity1907 , @entity158 score in the first 2  days after surgery, length of stay and adverse effects or events showed no difference between two groups. Lower @entity158 score on the day of surgery was detected after PAI. When compared to continuous FNB, @entity1 in PAI group showed a tendency to achieving better ability of early mobilization. CONCLUSIONS: In consideration of its relatively simple practice and its potential in analgesic effects or early mobilization ability, PAI had superiority to FNB in the management of @entity158 control after TKA. Before PAI could be widely used in clinical practice after TKAs, further investigations would be necessary to confirm or refute our observed results and to unify the protocol of PAI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.

title: Potential superiority of periarticular injection in analgesic effect and early mobilization ability over femoral XXXX following total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['Total narcotic consumption']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['nerve block']


abstract: Uptake of @entity68 complexes into the gram-negative bacterial cell requires highly specific outer membrane receptors and specific @entity855 -dependent ( @entity855 -Binding-Cassette (ABC)) transport systems located in the inner membrane. The latter type of import system is characterized by a periplasmic binding protein (BP), integral membrane proteins, and membrane-associated @entity855 -hydrolyzing proteins. In gram-positive bacteria lacking the periplasmic space, the binding proteins are lipoproteins tethered to the cytoplasmic membrane. To date, there is little structural information about the components of ABC transport systems involved in @entity68 complex transport. The recently determined structure of the @entity526 periplasmic ferric siderophore binding protein FhuD is unique for an ABC transport system (Clarke et al. 2000). Unlike other BP's, FhuD has two domains connected by a long alpha-helix. The ligand binds in a shallow pocket between the two domains. In vivo and in vitro analysis of single @entity535 mutants of FhuD identified several residues that are important for proper functioning of the protein. In this study, the mutated residues were mapped to the protein structure to define special areas and specific @entity535 residues in @entity526 FhuD that are vital for correct protein function. A number of these important residues were localized in conserved regions according to a multiple sequence alignment of @entity526 FhuD with other BP's that transport siderophores, @entity1446 , and @entity2186 . The alignment and structure prediction of these polypeptides indicate that they form a distinct family of periplasmic binding proteins.

title: Ferric hydroxamate binding protein FhuD from XXXX : mutants in conserved and non-conserved regions.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: This study investigated the efficacy of intratympanic @entity134 (ITS) therapy as a salvage treatment for @entity1274 after failure of intravenous @entity134 (IVS) therapy. Systemic @entity134 therapy is the only standard drug therapy. However, ethically, we could not simply compare ITS with IVS. Conventionally, we have treated @entity1274 @entity1 after failure of systemic @entity134 therapy with the double combined therapy IVS and hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO), as the salvage modality. We examined the effect of ITS by adding it to the double combined therapy with IVS and HBO. Retrospectively, we clinically examined the effect of double combined therapy with IVS and HBO (A group) for 31 @entity1 (12 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ) (median age: 54 years) with @entity2459 after failure of systemic @entity134 therapy between June, 2003 and July, 2010. Prospectively, we also examined clinically the effect of triple combined therapy with IVS and HBO, ITS (B group) for 29 @entity1 (17 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ) (median age: 51 years) with @entity2459 after failure of systemic @entity134 therapy between August, 2010 and April, 2012. In the examination of @entity1 treated within 30 days from the onset, one @entity1 (3.2%) demonstrated remarkable recovery, 6 @entity1 (19.4%) demonstrated mild recovery, while no change was noted in 24 @entity1 (77.4%) in the A group. In the B group, 5 @entity1 (17.2%) demonstrated complete recovery, 3 @entity1 (10.3%) demonstrated remarkable recovery, mild recovery was seen in 14 @entity1 (48.3%), and the remaining 7 @entity1 (24.1%) showed no change. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the A group and the B group. Furthermore, the hearing improvement in group B in five pure tone average was significantly better than in the group A (p < 0.05). We concluded that the B group demonstrated better hearing improvement than the A group. Therefore, ITS could be effective for @entity1274 @entity1 after failure of systemic @entity134 therapy.

title: [Efficacy of intratympanic @entity134 treatment for @entity1274 after failure of intravenous XXXX treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss', 'idiopahic sudden sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hearing loss']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-beta superfamily and it has been demonstrated that BMPs enhance migration, invasion and @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to identify the association between the serum @entity1841 level and the progression status of @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 with metastatic @entity356 ( @entity3 group), six @entity1 with early @entity356 without @entity1600 (the EGC group), and ten healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. The serum @entity1841 level was quantified by use of a commercially available ELISA kit. In EGC group @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity3 , whole blood was obtained before endoscopic mucosal resection and before the commencement of a scheduled cycle of systemic chemotherapy, respectively. RESULTS: No significant difference in the mean serum @entity1841 levels was observed between the control subjects and the EGC group @entity1 (87.95 pg/ml for the control subjects and 84.50 pg/ml for the EGC group, p=1.0). However, the @entity3 group @entity1 had a significantly higher level of serum @entity6861 (179.61 pg/ml) than the control subjects and EGC group @entity1 (87.95 pg/ml for the control subjects and 84.50 pg/ml for the EGC group, p<0.0001). Moreover, the mean serum @entity1841 level from @entity1 with a bone @entity3 was significantly higher than the mean serum @entity1841 level from @entity1 without a bone @entity3 (204.73 pg/ml versus 173.33 pg/ml, p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1841 seems to have a role in progression to @entity3 in @entity356 , especially in the late stage of tumorigenesis, including invasion and @entity3 . @entity1841 may facilitate bone @entity3 in @entity356 . To confirm these findings, further studies are required with tissue specimens and the use of a @entity5 cell line.

title: The @entity1841 ( XXXX ) is associated with progression to @entity3 in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['BMP-2']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to identify retrospectively trends in the species distributions and the susceptibility patterns of @entity54 species causing @entity364 in Spanish medical centers from 2000 to 2002. The susceptibilities of 338 isolates to @entity2379 , @entity2059 , and @entity5074 were tested. @entity54 was the most common species (54.7%), followed by @entity13473 (14.8%) and @entity11792 (13.9%). Non-A. fumigatus species were encountered in 45.3% of the samples studied. The majority of @entity54 isolates were obtained from respiratory tract specimens, followed by ear and skin samples. The geometric mean (GM) MIC of @entity2379 was 0.56 micro g/ml, and the @entity2379 MIC was >2 micro g/ml for 16 isolates (4.7%). Nine of them were A. terreus. The GM MIC of @entity2059 was 0.37, and the @entity2059 MIC was >4 micro g/ml for 12 (3.5%) isolates. The @entity5074 MICs were also high for 8 of the 12 strains for which @entity2059 MICs were high ( @entity5074 MIC range, 2 to 8 micro g/ml).

title: In vitro activities of three licensed antifungal agents against spanish clinical isolates of XXXX spp.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity13473 :: ('33178', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus terreus']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to correlate the imaging and pathologic features of @entity4294 with regard to @entity5 size, @entity39 and cysts, @entity730 , malignant behavior, and functional status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, pathologic, and imaging features of all 133 cases of pathologically proved @entity4294 of the pancreas seen at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Clinical data, including the @entity1 ' symptoms and serologic characteristics, were used to distinguish hyperfunctioning @entity5 (those causing symptoms related to elevated serum polypeptide levels) from nonhyperfunctioning @entity5 ; hyperfunctioning @entity5 were divided further into insulin-producing and non-insulin-producing types. All @entity1 had at least one cross-sectional imaging study, including CT (n = 118), sonography (n = 42), or MR imaging (n = 22). Clinical, pathologic, and imaging features were evaluated and correlated with @entity5 size, @entity39 and cysts, @entity730 , local invasion, vascular invasion, @entity3 , and functional status. RESULTS: @entity4294 with areas of @entity39 or cystic change found pathologically and on imaging studies (56/133) were larger (8.4 cm in mean transverse diameter) than homogeneous solid lesions (2.9 cm in mean transverse diameter) and were predominantly non-insulin producing (48/56) and nonhyperfunctioning (36/56). Of the 43 @entity9608 , 35 were small (2.2 cm in mean transverse diameter), solid, and homogeneous. Larger size also was associated with @entity730 and malignant behavior, including local invasion, vascular invasion, and distant @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Our findings show that cystic and @entity4294 are usually non-insulin-producing and nonhyperfunctioning @entity5 and larger than the typically solid and small @entity9608 . Calcification, local invasion, vascular invasion, and @entity3 are more commonly seen with larger @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the pancreas: pathologic-imaging correlation among size, @entity39 and cysts, @entity730 , malignant behavior, and functional status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell tumors', 'Islet cell tumors', 'necrotic islet cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity4294 :: (MESH:D007516,Disease) :: ['Islet cell tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) has emerged as a valuable immunosuppression in renal transplant @entity1 . However, it is expensive and cannot be used routinely in our population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, 60 renal transplant @entity1 on @entity2098 based triple immunosuppression were analysed. The indication for @entity2098 was as rescue therapy after treatment of acute vascular rejection (Banff type-4, grade IIA, IIB and III) in all @entity1 . However, 20 such @entity1 also had associated chronic @entity409 . The @entity1 were given 1.5-2.0 g @entity2098 in two divided doses at least for 6 months, depending upon the tolerability, adverse effects and affordability, and followed-up at least for 1 year. The control group consisted of 60 cases of acute vascular rejection (Banff type-4, grade IIA, IIB and III) who were placed on @entity205 , @entity500 and @entity134 based maintenance immunosuppressive regimen in same time frame. RESULTS: The incidence recurrent acute rejections in @entity2098 group was 18% and 42% in control group (P < 0.005). The serum transaminases in all @entity1 of the @entity409 became normal in 3-6 months. The incidence of @entity1292 in @entity2098 and control group were 22% and 11% respectively (P < 0.05). The @entity2098 based regimen was two times more expensive. The 1 year @entity1 and graft survivals between two groups were not statistically significantly different. CONCLUSION: The @entity2098 based regimen significantly decreases the recurrent acute rejections. However, it is expensive and cannot be used routinely in all @entity1 in Indian scenario.

title: Does XXXX decrease the recurrent acute rejection in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['Mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']