abstract: PURPOSE: We report our experience with laparoscopic bilateral synchronous nephrectomy for giant symptomatic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and compare outcome data with open bilateral nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since March 1998, 10 @entity1 underwent bilateral synchronous laparoscopic nephrectomy for giant symptomatic @entity8 . A 3 port retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach was used to secure the renal hilum and mobilize the kidney. Intact specimen extraction was performed through a midline infraumbilical extraperitoneal incision. The @entity1 was then repositioned for the contralateral retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy, with the second specimen also delivered through the same infraumbilical incision. Data were retrospectively compared with 10 @entity1 who had undergone bilateral synchronous open nephrectomy for @entity8 between 1981 and 1992. RESULTS: @entity1 in the laparoscopic and open groups were comparable in regard to age (53 versus 47 years, p = 0.54) and Anesthesiologist Society of America class (3 versus 3, p = 0.84) but @entity1 in the laparoscopic group were significantly more @entity28 (body mass index 35.9 versus 23.8, p = 0.02). For comparable total specimen weights (3 versus 3 kg, p = 0.69) surgical time was longer in the laparoscopic group (4.4 versus 3.8 hours, p = 0.007). However, the laparoscopic group was superior in regard to @entity190 (150 versus 325 cc, p = 0.05), postoperative requirement of nasogastric tube (10% versus 100%, p = 0.0001), narcotic analgesics (34.2 versus 120.4 mg. @entity1286 equivalent, p = 0.03) and hospital stay (1.5 versus 9 days, p = 0.004). Complications occurred in 5 @entity1 (50%) in the laparoscopic group and 4 (40%) in the open group (p = 0.66). No laparoscopic case was converted to open surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Synchronous bilateral retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for giant symptomatic @entity8 is feasible, safe and efficacious, and can be performed either before or after renal transplantation. Compared to open surgery, the laparoscopic approach results in significantly shorter hospital stay, decreased morbidity and quicker recovery. Laparoscopy is currently our technique of choice in this setting.

title: Laparoscopic bilateral synchronous nephrectomy for XXXX : the initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['adult polycystic kidney disease', 'autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish the blood-brain barrier (BBB) blocking property of @entity2771 (PG) using the @entity3209 sucrose technique, quantitatively evaluate the effect of PG on BBB permeability using an MRI technique based on graphical analysis, and demonstrate the sensitivity of MRI for testing newer investigational drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain uptake of @entity969 was measured in treated (PG+) and untreated (PG-) @entity35 using a @entity3209 sucrose technique in @entity35 brains (N = 10) that had undergone two hours of @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and three hours of reperfusion. Another group of PG+ and PG- @entity35 (N = 8) underwent MRI. T2-weighted ( @entity13212 ) and diffusion-weighted (DW) images were acquired on a 4.7T MR system. A rapid T1 mapping protocol was implemented to acquire a baseline data set followed by postinjection data sets at regular intervals. The data were postprocessed pixelwise to generate permeability coefficient color maps. RESULTS: A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in @entity3209 sucrose space was observed on the ischemic side of PG+ @entity35 only. Permeability coefficient estimates obtained by MRI from the ipsilateral hemisphere in PG+ @entity35 were significantly lower than those in PG- @entity35 (P < 0.05). There was no significant change on the contralateral side in PG+ @entity35 . The results show that PG protects the BBB in @entity385 , and MRI measurements are sufficiently sensitive to noninvasively detect small drug effects. CONCLUSION: MRI is useful for evaluating the BBB blocking effect of PG in an @entity385 model of @entity35 brain. The results from the MR experiment agree well with findings from the @entity3209 sucrose technique.

title: Quantitative evaluation of the effect of XXXX on BBB permeability.

entities_list: @entity13212 :: ('p|SUB|T|2|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T2W']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2771 :: (MESH:D019946,Chemical) :: ['propylene glycol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate contrast-enhanced Doppler sonography with perfusion software as a predictor of early @entity5 response to @entity2213 (Glivec) in c-kit-positive @entity674 ( @entity674 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 (59 @entity5 ) with @entity3 or a recurrence from a GIST were prospectively included in a single-center imaging trial. Contrast-enhanced Doppler sonography was performed with an Aplio scanner the day before (day-1) starting oral treatment (400 mg) and at days 1, 7, 14, 60, 90, and 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year. The percentage of contrast uptake (Levovist or Sonovue) before treatment and at the different stages of follow-up was evaluated by two radiologists. Digitized quantification was performed using Photoshop software. To define the benchmark standard, all @entity1 were rated as responders or nonresponders at 2 and 6 months by a board consisting of oncologists and radiologists who had all clinical and imaging data at their disposal. Changes in the percentage of contrast uptake at each sonographic examination were compared statistically. RESULTS: A total of 185 examinations were performed. Forty-four lesions in 24 @entity1 were completely evaluated at 2 months, and 29 lesions in 15 @entity1 were completely evaluated at 6 months. Initial contrast uptake at day 1 was predictive of the future response. A strong correlation was found between the decline in @entity5 contrast uptake at days 7 and 14 and @entity5 response (p < 10(-4)). CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced Doppler sonography is a noninvasive imaging technique that allows the early prediction of @entity5 response in c-kit-positive GIST treated with Glivec.

title: XXXX treated with @entity2213 : monitoring response with contrast-enhanced sonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate gadoterate @entity1559 as a contrast agent for interstitial magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography in combination with an adapted fast three-dimensional (3D) MR sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 12 New Zealand White @entity95 , 0.5 mL of undiluted gadoterate @entity1559 was injected subcutaneously into the dorsal foot pad (n = 9) or the foreleg (n = 3) bilaterally. Immediately after administration, a slight massage was performed at the injection site. Imaging was performed with a 3D spoiled gradient-recalled echo sequence (6.7/1.6 [repetition time msec/echo time msec]; field of view, 28.0 x 19.6; two signals acquired) similar to that used for 3D MR angiography. Thus, 3 @entity8906 intensity projection images could be obtained. Images were obtained before injection and 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after injection. RESULTS: In the hind legs, as many as four successive lymph node groups were depicted with maximum enhancement after 5-15 minutes for the popliteal lymph node group, 15-30 minutes for the inguinal lymph group, and 30-60 minutes for the iliac-paraaortal lymph node group; the iliac-paraaortal lymph node group was not consistently enhanced. In the forelegs, four successive lymph node groups, including axillary and mediastinal lymph node groups, showed marked @entity2287 uptake, with maximum enhancement 5-15 minutes after injection. CONCLUSION: As a widely tested positive-enhancing T1 contrast agent with favorable safety features, gadoterate @entity1559 allows the depiction of three to four successive lymph node groups early after subcutaneous injection. With the sequence used, 3D MR lymphangiograms can be obtained.

title: Interstitial MR lymphography with a conventional extracellular @entity2287 -based agent: assessment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1559 :: ('MESH:D008536', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: A systemic inflammatory response often follows severe @entity130 . Priming (preactivation) of polymorphonuclear phagocytes (PMNs) is an essential first step in the processes that lead to damage caused by the systemic activation of innate immune response. Until recently, priming could only accurately be measured by functional assays, which require isolation of cells, thereby potentially inducing artificial activation. The aim of this study was to identify primed PMNs in response to @entity130 by using a whole blood analysis with a broad detection range. Twenty-two @entity130 @entity1 were analyzed for PMN priming with novel developed antibodies recognizing priming epitopes by flow cytometric analysis. Expression of priming epitopes on PMNs was analyzed with respect to time, injury, and disease severity. Expression of priming epitopes in the circulation was compared with expression profiles of PMNs obtained from lung fluid. Fourteen healthy volunteers served as controls. Expression of priming epitopes on peripheral blood PMNs of injured @entity1 was similar, as found in healthy controls, whereas highly primed cells were found in the lung fluid of injured @entity1 (increase of >50 times as compared with peripheral blood cells). In fact, the responsiveness of PMNs toward the bacteria-derived stimulus @entity5037 was markedly decreased in @entity130 @entity1 . Lack of expression of priming epitopes and the unresponsiveness to @entity5037 demonstrates the presence of partially refractory cells in the circulation of @entity130 @entity1 . An increased expression of epitopes found on pulmonary PMNs suggests that optimal (pre)activation of these cells only occurs in the tissues.

title: Aberrant regulation of polymorphonuclear phagocyte responsiveness in multitrauma XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A major challenge in brain-computer interface (BCI) research is to increase the number of command classes and levels of control. BCI studies often use binary control level approaches (level 0 and 1 of brain activation for each class of control). Different classes may often be achieved but not different levels of activation for the same class. The increase in the number of levels of control in BCI applications may allow for larger efficiency in neurofeedback applications. In this work we test the hypothesis whether more than two modulation levels can be achieved in a single brain region, the @entity20671 +/V5 complex. @entity1 performed three distinct imagery tasks during neurofeedback training: imagery of a stationary dot, imagery of a dot with two opposing motions in the vertical @entity2270 and imagery of a dot with four opposing motions in vertical or horizontal axes (imagery of 2 or 4 motion directions). The larger the number of motion alternations, the higher the expected @entity20671 +/V5 response. A substantial number (17 of 20) of @entity1 achieved successful binary level of control and 12 were able to reach even 3 significant levels of control within the same session, confirming the whole group effects at the individual level. With this simple approach we suggest that it is possible to design a parametric system of control based on activity modulation of a specific brain region with at least 3 different levels. Furthermore, we show that particular imagery task instructions, based on different number of motion alternations, provide feasible achievement of different control levels in BCI and/or neurofeedback applications.

title: Control of Brain Activity in XXXX +/V5 at Three Response Levels Using fMRI-Based Neurofeedback/BCI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'participants']

answer: @entity20671 :: (3176,Gene) :: ['hMT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accumulated research has shown that the older adult brain is significantly more vulnerable to @entity64 than the young adult brain. Although recent evidence in young adult @entity35 demonstrates that single-whisker stimulation can result in complete protection from @entity2806 after permanent @entity2500 (pMCAO), it remains unclear whether the same treatment would be effective in older animals. METHODS AND RESULTS: Aged @entity35 (21 to 24 months of age) underwent pMCAO and subsequently were divided into "treated" and "untreated" groups. Treated aged @entity35 received intermittent single-whisker stimulation during a 120-minute period immediately after pMCAO, whereas untreated aged @entity35 did not. These animals were assessed using a battery of behavioral tests 1 week before and 1 week after pMCAO, after which their brains were stained for @entity1188 . An additional treated aged group and a treated young adult group also were imaged with functional imaging. Results demonstrated that the recovery of treated aged animals was indistinguishable from that of the treated young adult animals. Treated aged @entity35 had fully intact sensorimotor behavior and no @entity1188 , whereas untreated aged @entity35 were impaired and sustained cortical @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results confirm that single-whisker stimulation is protective in an aged rodent pMCAO model, despite age-associated @entity64 vulnerability. These findings further suggest potential for translation to the more clinically relevant older adult @entity1 population. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e001255 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.001255.).

title: Mild sensory stimulation protects the aged rodent from cortical ischemic stroke after permanent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled study was conducted in 234 duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 to compare the efficacy and safety of the H2-receptor antagonists @entity6359 and @entity5616 in the treatment of duodenal @entity1066 . @entity1 received 40 mg @entity6359 (119 @entity1 ) or 300 mg @entity5616 (115 @entity1 ) once daily at bedtime for 4 weeks. If @entity1066 persisted, treatment was extended to 6 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by relief of symptoms and endoscopic findings of @entity1066 . Safety was determined on the basis of reports of side effects, results of laboratory tests, and, in selected @entity1 , changes in plasma levels of hormones. The 4- and 6-week healing rates achieved with @entity6359 were 76% and 91%, respectively, and with @entity5616 they were 76% and 87%, respectively; the differences in healing rates for the two drugs were not statistically significant. Similarly, both drugs provided satisfactory relief of @entity158 and @entity1109 . However, @entity6359 produced significantly (P less than 0.05) greater relief of postprandial fullness and heartburn. The incidence of untoward effects was low in both treatment groups, and abnormal results in laboratory tests were observed in only one @entity1 , a chronic alcoholic receiving @entity6359 , who withdrew from the study because of a slight elevation in serum transaminase levels. One @entity1 in the @entity5616 treatment group dropped out of the study because of a generalized @entity1910 ; however, a causal relationship between drug and effect could not be established. The authors conclude that @entity6359 may be regarded as the best alternative to @entity5616 in the treatment of duodenal @entity1066 .

title: Comparison of once-daily bedtime administration of @entity6359 and @entity5616 in the short-term treatment of duodenal XXXX . A multicenter, double-blind, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['urticarial rash']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer lesions', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['dyspeptic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: Loss of the mechanosensory hair cells in the auditory and vestibular organs leads to @entity393 . To investigate initial, in vivo events in @entity4028 -induced hair cell damage, we examined hair cells from the lateral line of the @entity3392 , @entity3392 . The mechanosensory lateral line is located externally on the animal and therefore allows direct manipulation and observation of hair cells. Labeling with vital dyes revealed a rapid response of hair cells to the @entity4028 @entity5154 . Similarly, ultrastructural analysis revealed structural alteration among hair cells within 15 minutes of @entity5154 exposure. Animals exposed to a low, 25-microM concentration of @entity5154 exhibited hair cells with swollen mitochondria, but little other damage. Animals treated with higher concentrations of @entity5154 (50-200 microM) had more severe and heterogeneous cellular changes, as well as fewer hair cells. Both @entity39 -like and apoptotic-like cellular damage were observed. Quantitation of the types of alterations observed indicated that mitochondrial defects appear earlier and more predominantly than other structural alterations. In vivo monitoring demonstrated that mitochondrial potential decreased following @entity5154 treatment. These results indicate that perturbation of the mitochondrion is an early, central event in @entity4028 -induced damage.

title: Ultrastructural analysis of @entity4028 -induced hair cell death in the XXXX lateral line reveals an early mitochondrial response.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing and balance deficits']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Evidence suggests that the newly described @entity172 receptor beta ( @entity1783 ) may be important for @entity172 ( @entity53 ) action on the skeleton, but its cellular localization in adult @entity1 bone requires clarification. We addressed this by using indirect immunoperoxidase with a novel affinity purified polyclonal antibody to @entity1 @entity1783 , raised to hinge domain (D) sequences from the @entity1 receptor. Bone was demineralized in 20% @entity1098 and all biopsy specimens were @entity406 -fixed and wax-embedded. Vigorous retrieval was essential for @entity1783 detection. In sections (5 microm) of @entity1067 , used as positive control, clear nuclear immunoreactivity was seen in glandular epithelial cells, with a 1:500 dilution of ER-beta40. For bone sections, optimal antibody dilutions were 1:100-1:250. We found that in normal bone (from graft operations), in @entity174 callus from both @entity1 and @entity1 (>25 years old), pagetic bone, osteophytes, and secondary hyperparathyroid bone, all from older @entity1 , @entity1783 was expressed clearly in osteoclast nuclei, with little cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. Nuclear immunoreactivity was still prominent in osteoclasts, with antibody diluted 1:500, although it faded in other cells. Osteoblasts, in areas of active bone formation or bone remodeling, also expressed @entity1783 , as did some osteocytes. However, @entity1184 chondrocytes were negative, unlike mesenchymal cells, adjacent to the osteogenesis. Megakaryocytes and some capillary blood vessels cells were receptor positive. All @entity1783 expression was blocked totally by preincubation of antibody with antigen. We conclude that @entity1783 is expressed in cells of osteoblast lineage and in osteoclasts. The latter appear relatively abundant in this receptor and this might provide a means for direct action of @entity172 on osteoclasts.

title: Localization of @entity172 receptor beta protein expression in adult XXXX bone.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The authors inform on the elaboration of a screening method for recording of symptoms of minimal @entity75 and its initial verification in the research problem "Incidence of signs of minimal @entity75 in @entity1 in the North Bohemian region". In the first stage a population group of @entity1 in the second form of primary school in three districts was examined, a total of 5080 @entity1 , and data were assembled from their 9000 parents. The authors describe the elaboration of the method which comprises rating scales which evaluate specific striking features in the behaviour, dysfunction in school skills (the forms were completed by teachers and mothers) and performance tests administered by the @entity1 themselves. Results of statistical analyses which confirmed the satisfactory consistency, composition, empirical and postdictive validity of the method are presented. The analyses revealed that the method used detects disorders included under the term of minimal @entity75 and probably also disorders with the incidence of some identical symptoms (disorders of intellect, behavioural disorders in the wider sense of the word). The authors inform on the method of calculation and the ratio of the detected problem @entity1 population which was 14.8%. The group comprises 4.8% @entity1 which were unable to keep up with the first form of primary school and attend some special school. The method used detected, however, another 10% population with identical values. The authors discuss problems of screening diagnosis of specific developmental learning and behavioural disorders which form part of minimal @entity75 . Problems associated with the evaluation of the assembled findings are discussed.

title: [Epidemiologic study of symptoms of minimal XXXX . 1. Design and testing of methods--the incidence of symptoms in the study group].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain dysfunction', 'brain dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain dysfunction']


abstract: Heart and @entity32 (HSMI) is an emerging @entity1800 caused by a novel @entity12178 reovirus (ASRV) affecting farmed fish. Primary symptoms associated with HSMI include @entity296 indicating a severe inflammatory process. Recently, we applied the concept of clinical nutrition to moderate the long-term inflammatory process associated with HSMI in salmon subjected to experimental ASRV challenge. The use of functional feeds with lower lipid (hence energy) content reduced the inflammatory response to @entity7697 and the severity of associated @entity299 . The aim of the present study was to elucidate possible mechanisms underpinning the observed effects of the functional feeds, focussing on @entity9610 and @entity844 metabolism in liver and head kidney. Here we show that liver was also a site for histopathological lesions in HSMI showing @entity1560 reflecting impaired lipid metabolism. This study is also the first to evaluate the expression of a suite of key genes involved in pathways relating diet and membrane phospholipid @entity844 compositions, and the inflammatory response after @entity7697 . The expression of hepatic /\6 and /\5 desaturases was higher in fish fed the functional feeds, potentially increasing their capacity for endogenous production and availability of anti-inflammatory EPA. Effects on mobilization of lipids and changes in the LC- @entity5204 composition of membrane phospholipids, along with significant changes in the expression of the genes related to @entity9610 pathways, showed the important role of the head kidney in @entity32 caused by @entity1800 . The results from the present study suggest that clinical nutrition through functional feeding could be an effective complementary therapy for emerging salmon @entity1800 associated with long-term @entity32 .

title: Effect of functional feeds on @entity844 and @entity9610 metabolism in liver and head kidney of @entity12178 ( XXXX L.) with experimentally induced @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation', 'Skeletal Muscle Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial and skeletal muscle necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections', 'viral diseases', 'viral disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart lesions']

entities_list: @entity7697 :: ('MESH:D012088', 'Disease') :: ['ASRV infection']

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['Salmo salar']


abstract: A tetragonal @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) scaffold with 3D orthogonal periodic porous architecture was fabricated via @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) technology. The scaffold was fabricated under the laser power of 8  W, scan speed of 600  mm @entity1009 ), laser spot diameter of 0.8  mm and layer thickness of 0.15  mm. The microstructure analysis showed that the degree of crystallization decreased while the @entity939 powder melts gradually and fuses together completely with laser power increasing. Thermal decomposition would occur if the laser power was further higher (16  W or higher in the case). The porous architecture was controllable and totally interconnected. The porosity of the fabricated scaffolds was measured to be 67.9    2.7% which satisfies the requirement of micro-pores of the bone scaffolds. Its bioactivity and biocompatibility were also evaluated in vitro as tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds. In vitro adhesion assay showed that the amount of pores increased while the scaffold remains stable and intact after immersion in simulated body fluid for seven days. Moreover, the number of MG-63 cells and the bridge between cells increased with increasing time in cell culture. The present work demonstrates that @entity939 scaffolds with well-defined porous architectures via @entity2798 technology were designed and fabricated for bone TE.

title: Fabrication of porous @entity4832 scaffold for bone tissue engineering via XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['selective laser sintering', 'SLS']

answer: @entity2798 :: (MESH:D009155,Disease) :: ['selective laser sintering']


abstract: @entity1535 antimicrobial action is poorly understood. Many trivalent metals possess antibacterial activity, especially under low @entity68 conditions. Protection of bacteria from the deleterious effects of @entity1535 and other trivalent metals was demonstrated in @entity68 -fortified media. Near-equimolar quantities of @entity596 neutralized the growth-inhibitory effects of 250 microM @entity43524 . Resistance to @entity1535 action also depended on the production of virulence-related siderophores. @entity526 , @entity1678 or @entity796 producing aerobactin, amonabactin or @entity28907 respectively, were most resistant to @entity43524 . @entity43525 or @entity18108 producers were less resistant to @entity43524 , but more resistant than strains lacking siderophores. Purified @entity28907 restored @entity43524 resistance in a mutant lacking this siderophore, but not in one lacking the @entity28907 receptor. @entity1535 -treated bacteria exhibited unique outer membrane proteins, similar in size to @entity68 -repressible proteins. Thus, resistance to the inhibitory action of @entity43524 among Gram-negative bacteria is inversely related to @entity68 concentration and strongly dependent on @entity68 transport mechanisms. The data suggest that @entity1535 action is largely a nonspecific, competitive interference with @entity68 -transport, related primarily to atomic valence Furthermore, resistance to @entity43524 among bacteria is predictive of virulence.

title: Resistance to XXXX among gram-negative bacteria is dependent upon @entity68 and its uptake.

entities_list: @entity18108 :: ('MESH:C025316', 'Chemical') :: ['pyochelin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity1535 :: ('MESH:D001729', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth', 'Bismuth']

entities_list: @entity28907 :: ('MESH:C042453', 'Chemical') :: ['pyoverdin']

entities_list: @entity43525 :: ('MESH:D004758', 'Chemical') :: ['Enterochelin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1535 :: (MESH:D001729,Chemical) :: ['bismuth']


abstract: AIM: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures are becoming increasingly popular in evaluating health care interventions and services. The @entity64 and @entity2026 quality of life scale-39 item (SAQOL-39) is an English questionnaire that measures HRQL in @entity1 with @entity2026 . There is currently no measure to assess the HRQL of Greek-speaking @entity1 with @entity2026 . This study began the cross-cultural adaptation of the SAQOL-39 into Greek, by translating and linguistically validating the instrument. METHODS: The Mapi approach to linguistic validation was followed. The SAQOL-39 was forward translated into Greek and back-translated into English. The pilot version was produced by comparing the forward and backward translations. The resulting instrument was then reviewed by an expert professional and pilot tested with a sample of 10 @entity1 with @entity2026 . RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of back-translated items matched those in the original instrument. Only 20% of the items in the consensus version needed amendments for the pilot version. The pilot testing showed that the SAQOL-39 had good accessibility (no missing data), acceptability (maximum endorsement frequencies, MEF=or>70%; 9 out of 10 @entity1 had no difficulty) and content validity (8 @entity1 had nothing to add to the questionnaire). CONCLUSIONS: By employing the Mapi approach to linguistic validation, a close matching between the original and the Greek version of the SAQOL-39 was ensured. The Greek SAQOL-39 is accessible and acceptable to @entity1 with @entity2026 . Further research is needed on the psychometric properties of the Greek SAQOL-39 and on its appropriateness as a clinical outcome measure.

title: Quality of life in @entity2026 : Greek adaptation of the @entity64 and XXXX quality of life scale - 39 item (SAQOL-39).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'participants']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We internally validated previously published rates of remission, continuation and incidence of @entity1277 during pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and @entity1 Cohort (MoBa) at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. METHOD: A total of 77 267 pregnant @entity1 enrolled at 17 weeks gestation between 2001 and 2009 were split into a training sample (n = 41 243) from the version 2 dataset and a validation sample (n = 36 024) from the version 5 dataset who were not in the original study. Internal validation of original rate models involved fitting a calibration model to compare model parameters between the two samples and bootstrap estimates of bias in the entire version 5 dataset. RESULTS: Remission, continuation and incidence estimates remained stable. Pre-pregnancy prevalence estimates in the validation sample were: @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ; 0.1%), @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ; 1.0%), @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ; 3.3%) and @entity1277 not otherwise specified-purging disorder (EDNOS-P; 0.1%). In early pregnancy, estimates were: @entity1279 (0.2%), @entity5550 (4.8%) and EDNOS-P (<0.01%). Incident @entity1279 and EDNOS-P during pregnancy were rare. The highest rates were for full or partial remission for @entity1279 and EDNOS-P and continuation for @entity5550 . CONCLUSIONS: We validated previously estimated rates of remission, continuation and incidence of @entity1277 during pregnancy. @entity1277 , especially @entity5550 , during pregnancy were relatively common, occurring in nearly one in every 20 @entity1 . Pregnancy was a window of remission from @entity1279 but a window of vulnerability for @entity5550 . Training to detect @entity1277 by obstetricians/gynecologists and interventions to enhance pregnancy and neonatal outcomes warrant attention.

title: Remission, continuation and incidence of XXXX during early pregnancy: a validation study in a population-based birth cohort.

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Eating disorders', 'eating disorders', 'broadly defined eating disorders', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain information necessary for the development of initial antibiotic treatment guidelines for @entity1 with serious @entity293 . DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: The medical service of a 533-bed university-affiliated community hospital. @entity1 : 253 unselected @entity1 hospitalized between January 1985 and December 1987 given principal discharge diagnoses of @entity293 , @entity2885 , or gram-negative @entity2259 originating in the urinary tract. RESULTS: Three clinically distinct groups were identified: @entity1 under 50 years old, older @entity1 , and @entity1 . @entity526 was isolated from 93% of young @entity1 , 70% of older @entity1 , and 46% of @entity1 . @entity796 was isolated from 39% of @entity1 with one or more urinary tract risk factors, including recent or recurrent @entity293 and known genitourinary tract abnormality. The overall prevalence of Group D streptococci was only 1%. More than 20% of the @entity1 in each group were bacteremic. In all groups, resistance to @entity869 and first-generation cephalosporins was common. @entity799 was active in 98% of young @entity1 and 85% of older @entity1 and @entity1 without urinary risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Age and gender identify clinically important subgroups of @entity1 with serious @entity293 . Pending culture results, all @entity1 should be considered bacteremic, @entity869 alone should not be prescribed, and antibiotics effective against @entity796 should be given to @entity1 , especially those with risk factors.

title: Initial management of serious XXXX : epidemiologic guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['rod bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether low "stretch" mechanical ventilation protects animals from @entity922 after @entity647 with @entity796 as compared with high "stretch" ventilation. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Experimental animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: Twenty-seven anesthetized and paralyzed @entity95 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity796 (109 colony forming units) was instilled into the right lungs of @entity95 that were then ventilated at a tidal volume of either 15 mL/kg (n = 11) or 6 mL/kg (n = 7) for 8 hrs. Control animals were ventilated at a tidal volume of either 15 mL/kg (n = 4) or 6 mL/kg (n = 5) for 8 hrs, but an instillate without bacteria was used. A positive end-expiratory pressure of 3-5 cm @entity2507 was used for all experiments. Radiolabeled albumin was used as a marker of alveolar epithelial permeability. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hemodynamics, arterial blood gas determination, alveolar permeability, wet-to-dry ratios on lungs, and time course of @entity2259 were determined. When final values were compared with the values at the beginning of the experiment, there were significant decreases in mean arterial pressure (from 104 +/- 15 to 57 +/- 20 mm Hg), pH (from 7.46 +/- 0.04 to 7.24 +/- 15), Pao2 (from 528 +/- 35 to 129 +/- 104 torr [70.4 +/- 4.7 to 17.2 +/- 13.9 kPa]), and temperature (from 38.2 +/- 1 to 36.2 +/- 1.2 degrees C) in the high tidal volume group, whereas no significant differences were found in the low tidal volume group. @entity604 was shown in the low tidal volume group, as was decreased extravascular lung water in the uninstilled lung in the low tidal volume group (12.7 +/- 2.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.45 g @entity2507 /g dry lung). No noteworthy difference was noted in the time course of @entity2259 , although there was a trend toward earlier @entity2259 in the high tidal volume group. CONCLUSIONS: In our animal model of @entity796 -induced @entity647 , low tidal volume ventilation was correlated with improved oxygenation, hemodynamic status, and acid-base status as well as decreased alveolar permeability and contralateral extravascular lung water.

title: Protective effects of low tidal volume ventilation in a XXXX model of @entity796 -induced @entity647 .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased alveolar permeability']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical sepsis']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['direct acute lung injury', 'acute lung injury']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: 1. Resting @entity1 sympathetic vasoconstrictor traffic displays large reproducible inter-individual differences which are similar in nerves to muscle, heart and kidney. In spite of this there is no correlation between levels of blood pressure and sympathetic traffic. To test the hypothesis that the pressor effect of the vasoconstrictor activity is counteracted by a circulating dilating factor we measured muscle nerve sympathetic activity (MSA) and an indicator of @entity842 release (plasma @entity1507 ) in healthy young males. 2. Sympathetic activity was recorded with the microneurographic technique in the peroneal nerve and a forearm venous plasma sample was obtained in twenty-one normotensive males aged 21-28 years. Plasma @entity1507 was analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 3. There was a positive linear correlation between the plasma @entity1507 concentration and the strength of MSA both when the nerve activity was expressed as bursts per minute and bursts per 100 heart beats (r = 0.51, P = 0.02 and r = 0.46, P = 0.04, respectively). 4. The data suggest that the stronger the sympathetic activity the higher the release of the dilating substance, @entity842 . This would be expected to counteract vasoconstrictor effects of the nerve traffic and thereby contribute to the lack of relationship between resting levels of MSA and blood pressure. We speculate that altered coupling between sympathetic traffic and @entity842 release may cause abnormal peripheral resistance, e.g. in @entity101 .

title: Sympathetic nerve traffic correlates with the release of @entity842 in XXXX : implications for blood pressure control.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The majority of deaths from @entity0 are a result of @entity3 ; however, little is understood about the genetic alterations underlying their onset. Genetic profiling has identified the adhesion molecule plakoglobin as being three-fold reduced in expression in primary @entity0 that have metastasized compared with nonmetastatic @entity5 . In this study, we demonstrate a functional role for plakoglobin in the shedding of @entity5 cells from the primary site into the circulation. METHODS: We investigated the effects of plakoglobin knockdown on @entity0 cell proliferation, @entity4222 , adhesion, and invasion in vitro and on @entity5 growth and intravasation in vivo. MCF7 and T47D cells were stably transfected with miRNA sequences targeting the plakoglobin gene, or scramble vector. Gene and protein expression was monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. Cell proliferation, adhesion, @entity4222 , and invasion were measured by cell counting, flow cytometry, and scratch and Boyden Chamber assays. For in vivo experiments, plakoglobin knockdown and control cells were inoculated into mammary fat pads of @entity19 , and @entity5 growth, shedding of @entity5 cells into the bloodstream, and evidence of metastatic @entity79 were monitored with caliper measurement, flow cytometry, and microcomputed tomography ( CT), respectively. RESULTS: Plakoglobin and y-catenin expression were reduced by more than 80% in all knockdown cell lines used but were unaltered after transfection with the scrambled sequence. Reduced plakoglobin resulted in significantly increased in MCF7 and T47D cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, compared with control, with significantly more @entity5 cells being shed into the bloodstream of @entity19 bearing plakoglobin knockdown @entity5 . In addition, plakoglobin knockdown cells showed a >250% increase in invasion through basement membrane and exhibited reduced cell-to-cell adhesion compared with control cells. CONCLUSION: Decreased plakoglobin expression increases the invasive behavior of @entity0 cells. This is the first demonstration of a functional role for plakoglobin/y-catenin in the metastatic process, indicating that this molecule may represent a target for antimetastatic therapies.

title: Loss of plakoglobin promotes decreased cell-cell contact, increased invasion, and XXXX cell dissemination in vivo.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) causes significant morbidity, but is underdiagnosed because of difficulties in establishing a diagnosis. The lipid-laden macrophage index (LLMI) is said to differentiate between those with and without @entity1030 . Records of 113 @entity1 were reviewed to determine specificity and sensitivity of the LLMI for @entity1030 . Diagnostic accuracy was inferred from treatment outcome. Mean LLMI for aspirators was 104 +/- 62 (range, 20-233), and for nonaspirators, 44 +/- 39 (range, 0-170) (P < 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity were 0.69 and 0.79, respectively. While the LLMI provides clinically helpful information, it does not stand alone as the gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity1030 . @entity16 correlated with @entity1030 , using Fisher's exact test. @entity1030 was not diagnosed in any @entity1 with normal growth, normal neurological development, and an LLMI <86. No other clinical observation (cough, wheeze, @entity391 , difficulty feeding, choking with feeding, recurrent @entity55 , @entity2107 , chronic chest X-ray changes, endotracheal tube, tracheostomy tube, nasogastric feeding tube, or transpyloric feeding tube) or diagnostic study (upper gastrointestinal series, gastroesophageal scintigraphy, modified barium swallow, or pH probe) correlated with the diagnosis of @entity1030 .

title: Chronic aspiration in XXXX : evaluation of the lipid-laden macrophage index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Failure to thrive and neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['CPA', 'Chronic pulmonary aspiration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Many @entity311 vector mosquitoes in Africa have an extreme preference for feeding on @entity1 . This specialization allows them to sustain much higher levels of transmission than elsewhere, but there is little understanding of the evolutionary forces that drive this behaviour. In Tanzania, we used a semi-field system to test whether the well-documented preferences of the vectors, Anopheles arabiensis and @entity313 (s.s.) for @entity291 and @entity1 , respectively, are predicted by the @entity410 they obtain from host-seeking on these species relative to other available hosts. Mosquito @entity410 was contrasted, when @entity1 were fully exposed and when they were protected by a typical bednet. The @entity410 of both vectors varied between host species. The predicted relationship between host preference and @entity410 was confirmed in An. arabiensis, but not in An. gambiae s.s., whose @entity410 was similar on @entity1 and other mammals. Use of typical, imperfect bednets generated only minor reductions in An. gambiae s.s. feeding success and @entity410 on @entity1 , but was predicted to generate a significant reduction in the lifetime reproductive success of An. arabiensis on @entity1 relative to @entity291 . This supports the hypothesis that such @entity1 -protective measures could additionally benefit @entity311 control by increasing selection for zoophily in vectors.

title: The impact of host species and vector control measures on the @entity410 of African XXXX vectors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral rush desensitization in @entity1 with @entity291 @entity6132 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study. We included IgE-mediated @entity291 @entity6132 @entity1 over 3 years in 3 Spanish hospitals. Increasing doses of @entity291 milk for 5 days from 1 cc of 1% to 200 cc of pure milk were administered. Clinical follow-up was conducted and we compared specific IgE levels at onset, 6, 12 and 24 months after desensitization. RESULTS: We included 18 @entity1 (13 males) between 3 and 14 years (mean 5.96). A total of 271 doses were administered; there were 55 adverse reactions (84% mild). At the end of the protocol, 100% showed some degree of tolerance (39% total). Full tolerance was achieved in 72% of @entity1 after two years. Two @entity1 failed to achieve tolerance. There was a significant decrease in the levels of specific IgE to @entity291 milk and @entity14617 at 24 months, and to casein at 6, 12 and 24 months, compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Oral rush desensitization is a safe and effective therapeutic option for @entity1 with persistent @entity291 @entity6132 to medium term.

title: [Oral rush desensitization for @entity291 XXXX : Clinical and immunological follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

answer: @entity6132 :: (MESH:D016269,Disease) :: ['milk allergy']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity31 uniformly have disease involving the distal colon. When @entity1 have disease limited to the left colon or symptoms suggestive of @entity32 , guidelines recommend topical rectal therapies as first-line agents either as monotherapy or in conjunction with oral products. Rectal delivery modalities offer the advantage of delivering high local concentrations of active medication to the site of maximal inflammation with minimization of systemic side effects. Methods of rectal administration include suppositories, liquid enemas and foams. Suppositories are limited to the treatment of @entity5584 , and @entity1 often have difficulty retaining the liquid enema secondary to its high volume and consistency. Rectal foams reliability extend to the descending and sigmoid colon with application. Foams are further characterized by increased viscosity, lower volumes, finer dispersion on the colonic mucosa, and @entity694 compared with liquid enemas. Additionally, rectal foam agents demonstrate equal efficacy to their liquid enema counterparts yet consistently yield better @entity1 tolerance, lower incidence of side effects, and increased @entity1 acceptability. Currently available agents include @entity2983 and @entity288 , both first and newer generation. This review focuses on clinical trials assessing efficacy, tolerability, and @entity1 preferences for these agents as well as describing the currently available rectal foam products.

title: Foam preparations for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['active rectal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['increased adhesiveness to the colonic mucosa']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term outcomes of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) for treating @entity1514 @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although @entity1347 is reported to provide good coronal and sagittal correction of the main @entity1514 (MT) @entity1615 curves, the long-term outcomes of @entity1347 is unknown. METHODS: A consecutive series of 25 @entity1 with Lenke 1 MT @entity1615 were included. Outcome measures comprised radiographical measurements, pulmonary function, and Scoliosis Research Society outcome instrument (SRS-30) scores (preoperative SRS-30 scores were not documented). Postoperative surgical revisions and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were followed-up for 12 to 18 years (average, 15.2 yr). The average MT Cobb angle correction rate and the correction loss at the final follow-up were 56.7% and 9.2  , respectively. The average preoperative instrumented level of @entity1513 was 8.3  , which significantly improved to 18.6   (P = 0.0003) at the final follow-up. The average percent-predicted forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were significantly decreased during long-term follow-up measurements (73% and 69%; P = 0.0004 and 0.0016, respectively). However, no @entity1 had complaints related to pulmonary function. The average total SRS-30 score was 4.0. Implant breakage was not observed. All @entity1 , except 1 who required revision surgery, demonstrated solid fusion. Late instrumentation-related bronchial problems were observed in 1 @entity1 who required implant removal and bronchial tube repair, 13 years after the initial surgery. CONCLUSION: Overall radiographical findings and @entity1 outcome measures of @entity1347 for Lenke 1 MT @entity1615 were satisfactory at an average follow-up of 15 years. @entity1347 provides significant sagittal correction of the main @entity1514 curve with long-term maintenance of sagittal profiles. Percent-predicted values of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were decreased in this cohort; however, no @entity1 had complaints related to pulmonary function.

title: Long-term outcomes of XXXX for treating @entity1514 @entity1615 curves: average 15-year follow-up analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior spinal fusion', 'ASF']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior spinal fusion']


abstract: 1. The effects of porcine endothelin were examined in @entity35 thoracic aortic rings. 2. @entity11617 was a potent contractile agonist (EC50 4.0 +/- 0.6 nmol/L). 3. Endothelin (1 nmol/L) did not affect contractile responses to cumulative concentrations of the @entity2871 analogue, @entity2872 . 4. In the presence of @entity2872 , but not @entity2647 , endothelin (1 nmol/L) and endothelium abrogated the vasodilator response to cumulative concentrations of @entity1854 . 5. The inhibitory effect of endothelin on vasodilator responses to @entity1854 in the presence of @entity2872 was abolished by @entity594 (0.1 mumol/L) but unaffected by @entity3352 (3 mumol/L) or haemoglobin (10 mumol/L). 6. These data suggest that endothelin generated by native endothelium exerts a physiological antagonism of @entity1854 in the presence of @entity2871 .

title: @entity35 aortic endothelium antagonizes XXXX -induced relaxation by release of the peptide endothelin.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity11617 :: ('MESH:D016232', 'Chemical') :: ['Endothelin']

answer: @entity1854 :: (MESH:D009599,Chemical) :: ['nitroprusside']


abstract: The biological action of @entity3873 is mostly mediated through the interaction of the @entity3873 receptor ( @entity16311 ) with @entity560 response elements (VDREs) of target genes. These interactions produce special proteins that carry out the biological activities of @entity3873 . Recently, we showed that the interaction of VDRs with VDREs is inhibited by uremic toxins. We hypothesize that uremic toxins that contain @entity264 or @entity6178 groups potentially could form @entity3364 with @entity376 residues of the @entity16311 DNA binding domain and inhibit @entity16311 interaction with VDREs. We therefore chose @entity11571 , a compound which has an @entity264 group, to test this hypothesis. In vitro @entity11571 inhibited @entity16311 binding to the @entity9356 and osteopontin VDREs as assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and the inhibition was reversed when @entity11571 was preincubated with @entity376 . Further, this chemical compound also blocked the induction of @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) enzyme induced by @entity3873 in cells transfected with a @entity3873 responsive CAT reporter gene. Since induction of 24-hydroxylase synthesis is a @entity16311 regulated process, we also studied the effect of @entity11571 on the activity of intestinal 24-hydroxylase in @entity35 . This enzyme activity was suppressed in @entity35 infused with @entity11571 . Taken together, our study suggests that @entity11571 could inhibit the interaction of @entity16311 with VDREs and alter the biological action of @entity3873 .

title: Effect of @entity11571 on the function of the XXXX receptor and @entity560 metabolism.

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity3364 :: ('MESH:D012545', 'Chemical') :: ['Schiff bases']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylate']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity3873 :: (MESH:D002117,Chemical) :: ['calcitriol']


abstract: The @entity1 gene for the recently identified 5-lipoxy-genase-activating protein (FLAP) has been cloned. The gene was isolated from two different genomic libraries and is contained within four overlapping bacteriophage clones. The gene spans greater than 31 kilobases and consists of five small exons and four large introns. Southern blot analysis of @entity1 genomic DNA suggests the presence of a single FLAP gene per haploid genome. A restriction site polymorphism was identified in intron II of the gene. This restriction fragment length polymorphism appears to be present in the normal population at a fairly high frequency. The transcription initiation site was located, at an @entity5536 residue, 74 base pairs upstream of the ATG initiation codon. Examination of the sequence of the gene 5' to the mRNA start site revealed the presence of a possible TATA box (TGTAAT) 22 base pairs upstream and potential AP-2 and glucocorticoid receptor binding sites. Functional analysis of the FLAP gene promoter was assayed by transient transfection of @entity19 @entity19 cells (macrophage) and @entity1 HepG2 cells ( @entity157 ) with 5'-flanking sequences of the FLAP gene fused upstream of the @entity2755 acetyltransferase reporter gene. Expression in the @entity19 macrophage cell line of the various FLAP gene promoter constructs revealed both tissue specificity and enhancer-like activities whereas in the @entity157 cell line only a minimum level of activity was obtained.

title: Gene characterization and promoter analysis of the XXXX 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP).

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The underlying cause(s) of abnormalities expressed by @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) have yet to be delineated. One factor that has been associated with increased vulnerability to @entity71 is polymorphism(s) ofTACR1, which is the @entity1 equivalent of the rodent @entity9766 (substance P-preferring) receptor gene ( @entity9766 ). We have reported previously that genetically altered @entity19 , lacking functional @entity13306 ( @entity13306 -/-), express @entity2915 , which was blunted by the first-line treatment for @entity71 , @entity2727 . Here, we compared the effects of this psychostimulant (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on the behaviour of @entity13306 -/- @entity19 and their wild types in the 5-Choice Continuous Performance Test, which emulates procedures used to study attention and response control in @entity71 @entity1 . @entity2727 increased total trials (a measure of 'productivity') completed by wild types, but not by @entity13306 -/- @entity19 . Conversely, this drug reduced perseveration by @entity13306 -/- @entity19 , but not by wild types. Other drug-induced changes in key behaviours were not genotype dependent, especially at the highest dose: for example, % omissions (an index of inattentiveness) was increased, whereas % false alarms and % premature responses (measures of impulsivity) declined in both genotypes, indicating reduced overall response. These findings are discussed in the context of the efficacy of @entity2727 in the treatment of @entity71 . Moreover, they lead to several testable proposals. First, @entity2727 does not improve attention in a subgroup of @entity71 @entity1 with a functional deficit of @entity9766 . Second, these @entity1 do not express excessive false alarms when compared with other groups of subjects, but they do express excessive perseveration, which would be ameliorated by @entity2727 .

title: Perseveration by @entity13306 -/- ('knockout') @entity19 is blunted by doses of XXXX that affect neither other aspects of their cognitive performance nor the behaviour of wild-type @entity19 in the 5-Choice Continuous Performance Test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: Immunotherapy (IT) of IgE-mediated diseases has been used since its first description in 1911. This therapy has been used in @entity1 with inhalant @entity566 and insect venom sensitivity. Unfortunately, IT suffers from the crudeness of the @entity566 extracts and the @entity2730 . Moreover, this form of IT has been increasingly questioned because of improvements in pharmacotherapy and the risks of untoward reactions. These untoward reactions even include @entity2021 and @entity204 . Despite this criticism, there are increasing data on the efficacy of immunotherapy and considerable research is underway to improve the risk-benefit ratio of treatment. Other approaches directed at inhibiting the sequential events of both the afferent and efferent limbs of @entity56 are in progress. This involves specific alterations of target cells, i.e., mast cells and basophils. Moreover, the development of recombinant allergens and the precise definition of the binding site of IgE will further promote research and development of new means of IT. Gene targeting therapy may follow, directed at T cells specific for allergen epitope(s) or IgE binding sites. The future holds great promise and excitement.

title: Immunotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['inability to define allergenic epitopes']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term efficacy of nonsurgical sterilization with @entity3543 . DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: Rural provinces in northern Vietnam. @entity1 (S): Two thousand seven hundred and nine @entity1 who had @entity3543 insertions between 1989 and 1993. INTERVENTION(S): Interviews in 1994, 1995, and 1996 and review of available medical records. Pregnancy rates were corrected for problems in detecting and confirming pregnancies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rates. RESULT(S): Over 90% of @entity1 were interviewed at least once. Uncorrected cumulative pregnancy rates were 12.9% at 5 y after two insertions and 27.3% after one insertion. Effectiveness varied by age group: the partially corrected pregnancy rates after two insertions were 6.8% in @entity1 35 or older at the time of insertion and 13.0% in @entity1 under 35. A subgroup of @entity1 who received oral @entity3302 at the time of @entity3543 insertion had lower pregnancy rates, with a cumulative uncorrected rate of 5.3% at 4 years among @entity1 of all ages. CONCLUSION(S): Efficacy of @entity3543 appears reasonable for two insertions of @entity3543 in @entity1 35 and older. It may be possible to improve efficacy by the use of @entity3302 or the Hieu insertion technique.

title: Long-term follow-up after XXXX sterilization in Vietnam. Part I: interim efficacy analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENT', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

answer: @entity3543 :: (MESH:D011796,Chemical) :: ['quinacrine']


abstract: In the cell nucleus first large pre-mRNAs are synthesized which contain protein coding as well as non-coding sequences. The latter are removed in a process called splicing which takes place in nuclear spliceosomes. These spliceosomes consist among others of protein factors, such as the splicing factor @entity5313 being abundant in speckled regions of the cell nucleus. This study aims at determining immunostaining patterns using anti- @entity5313 in sections of the @entity1 fetal prosencephalon and cultured @entity1 astrocytes. Within the allocortical entorhinal region of the fifth gestational month the number, size and distribution of @entity5313 -positive speckles varies considerably among the laminae which can, thus, clearly be delineated. The immature isocortical plate, however, does not display a laminar arrangement at this developmental stage. Differential immunostaining patterns can be seen in subcortical areas. Cultured @entity1 astrocytes reveal numerous speckles occupying a large portion of the nucleoplasm. On account of the @entity5313 -immunostaining patterns no distinction of subpopulations of astrocytes is possible. The results demonstrate that @entity5313 -immunoreactive speckles show lamina and area-specific characteristics of @entity1 fetal brain sections. Conspicuous differences in number, size and distribution of speckles are visible in different cytoarchitectonic structures; thus, architectonic borders stand out clearly in @entity5313 -immunopreparations. The occurrence of area-specific immunolabelling of nuclear speckle domains reflects neuronal differentiation at the pre-translational level. It may be assumed that a distinct set of proteins, generated by a definite nerve cell type, can be correlated with a distinct morphology of spliceosomes. The in vitro finding indicates that anti- @entity5313 may well be used as a tool to study possible alterations of the speckles after, for instance, application of growth factors.

title: Immunolabelling of spliceosomes in sections and cultured astrocytes of XXXX fetal brain tissue.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity8568 and @entity12199 are causally heterogeneous disorders of cortical brain development, with distinct neuropathological and neuroimaging patterns. They can be associated with additional @entity1779 , and recurrent phenotypic patterns have led to identification of recognizable syndromes. The lissencephalies are usually single-gene disorders affecting neuronal migration during cerebral cortical development. @entity8568 has been associated with genetic and environmental causes and is considered a @entity600 secondary to abnormal post-migrational development. However, the aetiology in many individuals with these @entity600 is still unknown. During the past few years, mutations in a number of neuron-specific a- and b-tubulin genes have been identified in both @entity12199 and @entity8568 , usually associated with @entity1779 including @entity15261 or @entity5451 , abnormal basal ganglia and @entity15405 . The tubulin proteins form heterodimers that incorporate into microtubules, cytoskeletal structures essential for cell motility and function. In this study, we sequenced the @entity40189 and @entity40190 coding regions in 47 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity8568 and five with an atypical @entity12199 on neuroimaging. We identified four b-tubulin and two a-tubulin mutations in @entity1 with a spectrum of @entity6795 . Dysmorphic basal ganglia with an abnormal internal capsule were the most consistent feature. One of the @entity1 with a @entity40189 mutation had a lissencephalic phenotype, similar to that previously associated with a @entity40190 mutation. The remainder had a @entity8568 -like @entity6795 , but the grey matter @entity600 was not typical of that seen in 'classical' @entity8568 . We propose that the @entity600 associated with these genes represent a recognizable tubulinopathy-associated spectrum that ranges from lissencephalic to polymicrogyric @entity6795 , suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms in terms of microtubular function and interaction with microtubule-associated proteins.

title: Overlapping @entity600 and mutations in XXXX and @entity40190 .

entities_list: @entity15405 :: ('MESH:C562568', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['Polymicrogyria', 'polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['cortical malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity12199 :: ('MESH:D054082', 'Disease') :: ['lissencephaly']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia', 'cortical dysplasias', 'cortical and extra-cortical anomalies']

entities_list: @entity15261 :: ('MESH:D002145', 'Disease') :: ['callosal hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['additional cerebral anomalies', 'structural cerebral anomalies']

answer: @entity40189 :: (347733,Gene) :: ['TUBB2B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: By the year 2030, 3.48 million older U.S. adults are projected to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Following this surgery, considerable @entity2057 occurs, resulting in decreased strength and impaired functional mobility. Essential @entity1522 (EAAs) have been shown to attenuate muscle loss during periods of reduced activity and may be beneficial for TKA @entity1 . METHODS: We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with 28 older adults undergoing TKA. @entity1 were randomized to ingest either 20 g of EAAs (n = 16) or placebo (n = 12) twice daily between meals for 1 week before and 2 weeks after TKA. At baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks after TKA, an MRI was performed to determine mid-thigh muscle and adipose tissue volume. Muscle strength and functional mobility were also measured at these times. RESULTS: TKA @entity1 receiving placebo exhibited greater quadriceps @entity2057 , with a -14.3    3.6% change from baseline to 2 weeks after surgery compared with -3.4    3.1% for the EAA group (F = 5.16, P = 0.036) and a -18.4    2.3% change from baseline to 6 weeks after surgery for placebo versus -6.2    2.2% for the EAA group (F = 14.14, P = 0.001). EAAs also attenuated atrophy in the nonoperated quadriceps and in the hamstring and adductor muscles of both extremities. The EAA group performed better at 2 and 6 weeks after surgery on functional mobility tests (all P < 0.05). Change in quadriceps @entity2057 was significantly associated with change in functional mobility (F = 5.78, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: EAA treatment attenuated @entity2057 and accelerated the return of functional mobility in older adults following TKA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00760383.

title: Essential amino acid supplementation in XXXX following total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the past 2 decades, significant progress has been made in the field of metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) regarding new imaging techniques, surgical interventions, and systemic therapy. It is not known whether the benefit from these interventions has extended @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) within the general mCRC population. A population-based survival analysis of newly diagnosed @entity1 who presented with mCRC was therefore performed. METHODS: Survival statistics were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for @entity1 diagnosed with mCRC between 1988 and 2008. Demographic variables collected included age, race, and @entity5 grade. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and extended Cox proportional hazard model as appropriate. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 42,347 @entity1 diagnosed with mCRC between 1988 and 2008 (52% @entity1 ; mean age, 67 years). The 1- and 2-year estimated @entity1349 rates were 44% and 22%, respectively. Prognostic variables included race, sex, age, @entity5 location, and year of diagnosis. Median @entity1349 improved from 8 months to 14 months between 1988 and 2008. Significant improvements in @entity1349 were seen for all disease sites, but especially for descending @entity694 . Whereas the median @entity1349 increased by 13 months in @entity1  <=50 years of age and by 7 months in @entity1 51-70 years of age, the median @entity1349 of @entity1 >70 years of age increased by only 1 month between 1988 and 2008. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a continuous improvement in @entity1349 of @entity1 diagnosed with mCRC between 1988 and 2008, especially for @entity5 . Little improvement has been seen in @entity1 over 70 years of age.

title: Changing prognosis of metastatic @entity14 : Differential improvement by age and XXXX location.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'left-sided tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The dynamic regulation of the adrenergic system plays an important role in the adaptation of the cardiovascular system in health and in disease. In @entity583 , large quantities of @entity2661 are presynaptically released. The mechanisms of adaptive regulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors to beta-agonist stimulation involves functional uncoupling of the beta-adrenergic receptors from stimulatory @entity6370 binding protein Gs by local sequestration with the domain of the plasma membranes and by internalization of the beta-adrenergic receptors. During this course of adaptive regulation, also called desensitization, the beta-adrenergic receptors become phosphorylated by the newly discovered beta-adrenergic receptorkinase in a @entity268 -independent process. In @entity583 , however, large quantities of beta-adrenergic agonists are contrasted by an increased number of functionally coupled beta-adrenergic receptors. The increase of functionally coupled beta-adrenergic receptors is dependent on the loss of high energy @entity6546 like @entity855 . This loss occurring in @entity741 can be mimicked by the perfusion of isolated hearts with @entity3789 . The perfusion with @entity3789 results in an increase of functionally coupled receptors, additionally demonstrating that the loss of high energy @entity6546 is responsible for the increase of the beta-adrenergic receptors in acute @entity741 . For the first time it could be demonstrated that in @entity741 the processes of beta-agonist-induced receptor uncoupling and internalization are abolished. They lead to the functional sensitization of the beta-adrenergic system and are at least in part responsible for the occurrence of malignant @entity943 in @entity583 .

title: Regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors: impaired desensitization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between compensation factors and health care utilisation following major @entity130 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study within a major metropolitan @entity130 centre in New South Wales. @entity1 : Major @entity130 @entity1 aged > or = 18 years, admitted between May 1999 and April 2004. @entity1 were included if they had an @entity130 and an Injury Severity Score > 15. In total, 355 of 582 potentially contactable @entity1 returned completed questionnaires (response rate, 61%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Health care utilisation, defined as the number of times @entity1 visited specified health care professionals (general practitioners, medical specialists, psychiatrists, physiotherapists, chiropractors and massage therapists) in the previous 3 months. For statistical analysis, health care utilisation was dichotomised into low and high (0-3 or > or = 4 health care visits over the previous 3 months). RESULTS: Health care utilisation was significantly higher for @entity1 engaging the services of a lawyer (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.0-5.5; P < 0.001) after allowing for time since injury, @entity102 , presence of a @entity542 and employment status. Having a @entity542 and increased time since injury were significantly associated with lower health care utilisation, whereas being unemployed and having a @entity102 were associated with higher health care utilisation. CONCLUSION: Compensation-related factors are significant predictors of health care utilisation in a major @entity130 population.

title: The effect of compensation on health care utilisation in a XXXX cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['accidental injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hostile anatomic characteristics in @entity1 undergoing @entity1028 repair (EVAR) and the placement of endografts not in concordance with the specific device anatomic guidelines (or instructions for use [IFU]) have shown decreased technical success of the procedure. But these factors have never been evaluated in regard to @entity1 postoperative survival. We sought to assess the association between survival and (1) @entity439 anatomy and characteristics and (2) implantation in compliance with manufacturer's anatomic IFU guidelines in @entity1 undergoing @entity449 repair. METHODS: The cohort included 273 consecutive @entity1 who underwent EVAR at Baylor Heart and Vascular Hospital between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2009 and had their preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan digitally retrievable. The CT scans and operative notes were then reviewed, and the anatomic severity grading (ASG) score, maximum @entity439 diameter, @entity715 width, patency of aortic side branch vessels, and implantation in compliance with IFU guidelines were assessed. The unadjusted association between survival (assessed until November 1, 2011) and these variables was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Moreover, propensity-adjusted (for a comprehensive array of clinical and nonclinical risk factors) proportional hazard models were developed to assess the adjusted associations. RESULTS: Seven (2.56%) @entity1 died within 30  days from EVAR, and 88 (30.04%) @entity1 died during the study follow-up. @entity1 mean survival was 6.3  years. The unadjusted analysis showed a statistically significant association between survival and @entity715 width (P  =  0.007), ASG score (P  =  0.004), and implantation in compliance with IFU guidelines (P  =  0.007). However, the adjusted analysis revealed that none of the anatomic and compliance factors were significantly associated with long-term survival (ASG, P  =  0.149; diameter, P  =  0.836; @entity715 , P  =  0.639; patency, P  =  0.219; and implantation compliance, P  =  0.219). CONCLUSIONS: Unfavorable @entity439 morphologic characteristics and endograft implantation not in compliance with IFU guidelines did not adversely affect @entity1 survival after EVAR in this group of @entity1 . This implies that unfavorable anatomy, even that which would necessitate implantation of the EVAR device outside of the IFU guidelines, should not necessarily contraindicate EVAR.

title: The Impact of XXXX Morphology and Anatomic Characteristics on Long-Term Survival after Endovascular @entity1028 Repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysm']


abstract: Very low birth weight preterm newborns are susceptible to the development of debilitating inflammatory diseases, many of which are associated with @entity5870 . To define the effects of @entity5870 on the fetal immune system, @entity41421 was administered intra-amniotically at ~80% gestation in @entity2608 . @entity41421 caused histological @entity5870 , as well as @entity55 (infiltration of neutrophils or monocytes in the fetal airways). There were large increases in multiple proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs in the lungs at 24 h postadministration, which remained elevated relative to controls at 72 h. Intra-amniotic @entity41421 also induced the sustained expression of the surfactant proteins in the lungs. Importantly, @entity41421 significantly altered the balance between inflammatory and regulatory T cells. Twenty-four hours after @entity41421 injection, the frequency of CD3(+) @entity8888 (+)FOXP3(+) T cells was decreased in lymphoid organs. In contrast, @entity41422 -producing cells (CD3(+) @entity8888 (+), CD3(+) @entity8888 (-), and CD3(-) @entity8888 (-) subsets) were increased in lymphoid organs. The frequency of IFN-y-expressing cells did not change. In this model of a single exposure to an inflammatory trigger, CD3(+) @entity8888 (+)FOXP3(+) cells rebounded quickly, and their frequency was increased at 72 h compared with controls. IL-17 expression was also transient. Interestingly, the T cell profile alteration was confined to the lymphoid organs and not to circulating fetal T cells. Together, these results suggest that the @entity5870 -induced IL-1/IL-17 axis is involved in the severe @entity32 that can develop in preterm newborns. Boosting regulatory T cells and/or controlling IL-17 may provide a means to ameliorate these abnormalities.

title: Intra-amniotic @entity41421 induces fetal @entity32 in XXXX and alters the regulatory T cell/IL-17 balance.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 who qualify for @entity28 surgery have a moderate to large panniculus (grade 1-5). They can benefit from panniculectomy done concurrently with gastric bypass (GBP) or subsequently after significant weight reduction, usually 18 months after the GBP. METHOD: Over the last 8 years, 2,231 bariatric operations were performed at the Center. 577 panniculectomies were done, with 428 (74.2%) concurrent with the GBP and 149 (25.8%) subsequent to the GBP. RESULTS: The redundant pannus weighed from 5 to 54.5 kg. Wound problems occured in 15.1% of panniculectomies. Transfusion was necessary in 1.9%. Hospital stay was 4 to 5 days, and was no greater than in @entity1 that underwent the GBP alone. Those with grades 3-5 suffer more @entity615 and problems of hygiene resulting from @entity3139 . CONCLUSION: A very redundant panniculus compounds the @entity1 's physical, @entity6100 . Where cardiopulmonary and other medical status are satisfactory, a panniculectomy may be offered to @entity1 with a symptomatic panniculus at the time of bariatric surgery, as a physically beneficial and cost-effective adjuvant.

title: Panniculectomy adjuvant to XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['social and emotional problems']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Epidemiological studies suggest that antioxidant @entity6398 in the @entity1 diet may protect against diseases such as @entity5 . In this study we investigated the cytoprotective potential of the @entity3088 , @entity3092 , @entity3091 , @entity15605 and @entity15604 against oxidative DNA damage in @entity1 colonocytes in vitro. METHODS: Caco-2 cells, which display specialised enterocyte/colonocyte cell functions, were used as an in vitro model for @entity1 colonocytes. @entity273 was employed as the oxidant. DNA damage (strand breakage, oxidised @entity3042 and oxidised @entity6245 ) was determined using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay. Cell growth and viability were measured. RESULTS: @entity273 caused a dose-dependent increase in DNA strand breakage in @entity1 colonocytes, presumably via @entity26 free radical generation. @entity3092 and @entity3091 protected Caco-2 cells against oxidative attack. In addition, @entity3092 decreased @entity273 -mediated inhibition of growth. Neither @entity15604 nor @entity15605 was effective. However, @entity3092 , while inhibiting DNA strand breakage, did not alter the levels of oxidised bases following @entity2625 treatment. The antifungal agent @entity3102 , prevented @entity3092 cytoprotection in Caco-2 cells, indicating that @entity11670 -mediated metabolism may alter the efficacy of the @entity3088 against oxidative DNA damage. CONCLUSION: @entity3088 , particularly @entity3092 , the most abundant @entity3096 in the @entity1 diet, are likely to be important in defending @entity1 colonocytes from oxidative attack.

title: Dietary XXXX protect @entity1 colonocyte DNA from oxidative attack in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3091 :: ('MESH:C040015', 'Chemical') :: ['myricetin']

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids', 'Flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide', 'hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity6245 :: ('MESH:D011743', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidines']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has been proposed to use liver as reference organ when assessing @entity5 response with PET. We investigated whether liver FDG uptake is dependent on clinical, biological, or technical factors. METHODS: Sixty-one @entity1 with @entity0 had FDG-PET/CT imaging at baseline and then after the second course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. SUV values were measured over the primary @entity0 and in a region of interest of 30-mm diameter within the liver. RESULTS: Liver SUVmean values for the 61 @entity1 were not different before and after the 2 courses of chemotherapy (2.27 vs 2.35; P = 0.18). No significant correlation was found between the delay postinjection and liver SUV. Liver SUVmean increased with blood @entity413 level (P = 0.007 on baseline PET studies, and P = 0.067 on postchemotherapy studies). Liver SUVmean increased significantly with increasing @entity1 age, which was observed on baseline (P = < 0.001) and postchemotherapy studies (P = 0.002). Again, liver SUVmean increased with body weight (P = 0.037 on baseline studies and 0.003 on postchemotherapy studies). On multivariate analysis, 2 independent variables remained correlated to liver SUV, namely, age and weight. We found no statistically significant correlation between the studied physiological variables and @entity0 SUVmax. However, there was a trend for lower SUVmax with increasing blood @entity413 level or age. CONCLUSIONS: FDG liver uptake depends on many factors such as age, weight, and blood @entity413 level. Some of these variables seem to have an opposite impact on @entity5 SUVmax. These findings challenge the usefulness of liver as reference.

title: Variation of liver SUV on (18)FDG-PET/CT studies in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: With the improvements in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, more older @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1576 are undergoing bulla ablation using new and costly technology. We evaluated the cost-effective technique of thoracoscopic endoloop ligation of bullae in @entity1 with @entity2415 . @entity1 : From March 1992 through January 1996, 79 advanced age (mean age, 64 years) and @entity26 dependency @entity1 underwent thoracoscopic procedure using endoloop ligation for treatment of @entity2415 . Clinical data were collected from chart review. Only @entity1 with radiographically confirmed diagnosis of @entity2415 were included in this evaluation. Thoracoscopic endoloop ligation of bulla was carried out under general anesthesia with double-lumen endotracheal tube and single-lung ventilation. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 (82%) exhibited subjective improvement in their symptom status at 3-month follow-up (from grade 2 or 3 to grade 1 or 2) according to the Modified Medical Research Council @entity1353 scale. The mean duration of chest drainage was 6 days (range, 4 to 16 days). Average hospital stay was 9.5 days (range, 5 to 26 days). There was no @entity204 . A comparison of preoperative and postoperative functional evaluation was available in only 16 @entity1 who showed an increase in FEV1 (from 0.85 to 1.02 L) and a decline in residual volume after operation. Complications include persistent airleak over 10 days in seven @entity1 (8.9%), wound infection in three @entity1 , and localized @entity3509 in two @entity1 . There was no recurrence after a mean follow-up of 21 months. CONCLUSION: These encouraging results have shown that thoracoscopic endoloop ligation of bulla has proved to be a safe, reliable, and cost-effective technique for @entity2415 . With careful preoperative evaluation and meticulous postoperative care, many @entity1 could be rehabilitated by endoloop litigation of the bullae.

title: An alternative technique in the management of XXXX . Thoracoscopic endoloop ligation of bullae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['bullous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory impairments']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['bullous emphysema']


abstract: AIM: To assess selected angiogenic markers; microvascular density and the expression of @entity7 and @entity319 in relation to clinical features and morphologic types of @entity521 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-two @entity1 with @entity521 were studied. Morphological assessment was performed in paraffin embedded tissues of the primary @entity5 . Microvessels within @entity5 tissue were counted on immunohistochemically stained sections using anti @entity2280 antibody. The expression of @entity7 and @entity319 was estimated semiquantitively in immunohistochemically stained sections with adequate antibodies. The results of angiogenic studies were referred to the clinical data: age, clinical stage, localization and site of the primary @entity5 , serum LDH and ferritin at diagnosis. The correlation between angiogenic markers and morphological @entity521 was also evaluated. RESULTS: Microvascular density varies in a wide range (32-325/mm(2)). There was no significant statistical difference between previously untreated and @entity5 assessed after chemotherapy. Analyzing the correlations between the angiogenic markers and clinical features we found a converse relation between the age and microvascular density. The highest expression of @entity7 was found in @entity5 in comparison to other localizations. Undifferentiated and poorly differentiated @entity5 presented a higher expression of @entity7 and higher vascular density. Non significant higher expression of @entity7 and higher vascular density was noticed in smaller <5 cm @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Correlations were found between the microvascular density and the age, diameter and the localisation of the primary @entity5 . Expression of @entity7 depends on the localisation of the @entity5 . @entity5 arising in small @entity1 and poorly differentiated types of @entity521 indicate higher angiogenic activity.

title: [Analysis of microvascular density and the expression of XXXX ( @entity7 ) and its membrane receptor @entity319 in @entity521 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumours', 'tumours', 'Neuroblastoma tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['type of neuroblastoma', 'neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular-endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are significant limitations in repair of irrecoverable bone defects. Stem-cell therapy is a promising approach for the construction of bone tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been introduced as basic tools for bone tissue generation. Through MSCs, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are more interesting. Since the similarity of native osteoblasts and differentiated osteoblasts from ADSCs in terms of gene expression pattern is unknown, this study was designed to compare gene expression patterns of some genes involved in osteogenesis between @entity1 native osteoblasts and adipose-derived differentiated osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Realtime qRT-PCR was used for studying the gene expression of osteocalcin, @entity1096 , and @entity8087 ( @entity8087 ) in @entity1 native osteoblasts and @entity421 at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of differentiation. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that native osteoblasts and differentiated osteoblasts, cultured in common osteogenic medium, have significant differences in gene expression levels for osteocalcin and @entity1096 . Compared to native osteoblasts, these genes are expressed lower in all four groups of differentiated osteoblastic cells. We also found, there is a progressive increase in @entity8087 expression over the differentiation period of ADSCs from day 7 to day 28. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings help for better assessment of adipose-derived differentiated cells as a source for cell-based therapy.

title: Transcriptomic comparison of XXXX , osteocalcin and core binding factor 1 genes between @entity1 adipose derived differentiated osteoblasts and native osteoblasts.

entities_list: @entity8087 :: ('860', 'Gene') :: ['cbfa1', 'core binding factor alpha 1', 'Cbfa1']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['adipose derived osteogenic osteoblasts']

answer: @entity1096 :: (6696,Gene) :: ['osteopontin']