abstract: The complex relationship between @entity3096 -based nutrition and @entity65 may be dissected by understanding the activities of these compounds in biological systems. The aim of the present study was to explore a hierarchy for the importance of dietary @entity3088 on cardiovascular health by examining the structural basis for inhibitory effects of common, dietary @entity3088 ( @entity3092 , @entity15476 , and @entity21119 ) and the plasma metabolite, @entity51912 . Understanding @entity3096 effects on platelets in vivo can be informed by investigations of the ability of these compounds to attenuate the function of these cells. Inhibition of platelet function in whole blood and plasma was structure-dependent. The order of potency was @entity15476 > @entity51912 > @entity3092 = @entity21119 indicating that in vivo, important functional groups are potentially a methylated B ring, and a non-hydroxylated, planar C ring. @entity15476 and the methylated metabolite of @entity3092 , @entity51912 significantly reduced @entity715 volume at concentrations (5  M) that suggested their reported physiological levels (0.1-1  M) may exert low levels of inhibition. @entity3096 interactions with erythrocytes, leukocytes and human serum albumin in whole blood reduce their inhibitory activities against platelet function. The diminished inhibitory activity of @entity3088 that we observed in whole blood and plasma indicated that these interactions do not overcome the attenuating effects of these compounds. Furthermore, inhibition of @entity1423 by @entity3088 was enhanced with increases in exposure time, indicating the potential for measurable inhibitory effects during resident plasma times. We conclude that @entity3096 structures may be a major influence of their activities in vivo with methylated metabolites and those of @entity4212 being more potent than those of @entity4213 and @entity16287 .

title: XXXX inhibitory pharmacodynamics on platelet function in physiological environments.

entities_list: @entity21119 :: ('MESH:C005273', 'Chemical') :: ['naringenin']

entities_list: @entity51912 :: ('MESH:C508967', 'Chemical') :: ['tamarixetin']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity4212 :: ('MESH:D047309', 'Chemical') :: ['flavones']

entities_list: @entity4213 :: ('MESH:D044948', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonols']

entities_list: @entity16287 :: ('MESH:D044950', 'Chemical') :: ['flavanones']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity15476 :: ('MESH:D047310', 'Chemical') :: ['apigenin', 'Apigenin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['Flavonoid', 'flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity3096 :: (CHEBI:47916,Chemical) :: ['Flavonoid']


abstract: The activity of the sympathetic nervous system shows gender-specific differences with lower sympathoneural activity to the muscle vascular bed in @entity1 compared with @entity1 , with this difference vanishing after menopause. The present study tested the hypothesis that @entity172 exerts regulatory influence on the autonomic nervous system in postmenopausal @entity1 . Eleven healthy postmenopausal @entity1 (age, 58.5 +/- 1.0 yr; mean +/- SEM) were studied in a randomized double-blind crossover protocol with transdermal administration of 100 microgram/day @entity53 (E(2)) or placebo (P) for 2 days. Muscle sympathetic activity (MSA), blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded at rest and during sympathoexcitatory maneuvers ( @entity386 , cold pressor test). E(2) administration significantly increased serum E(2) to physiological levels (E(2), 469.5 +/- 51.5; P, 34.8 +/- 2.2 pmol/L; P < 0.05) and significantly lowered MSA (E(2), 30.1 +/- 3.0 vs. P 37.7 +/- 3.1 bursts/min; P < 0.05). At the same time, blood pressure and heart rate were not affected. MSA was significantly enhanced during @entity386 and the cold pressure test, and this physiological response to the maneuvers was not changed after @entity172 supplementation. In conclusion, elevation of low postmenopausal @entity172 levels to physiological premenopausal levels by transdermal E(2) administration supresses MSA. This effect is most likely the consequence of a direct E(2) effect on central nervous autonomic centers, which could explain the gender-specific differences in sympathetic outflow to the muscle vascular bed. The sympathoinhibitory @entity172 effects could be important for beneficial cardiovascular effects of @entity172 replacement therapy in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Postmenopausal XXXX administration suppresses muscle sympathetic nerve activity.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The authors examined the prevalence and significance of @entity299 in healthy elderly individuals. They selected 26 @entity1 with active lifestyles, aged 70-81 years, after clinical, routine blood tests, chest radiographs, echocardiography, resting and exercise electrocardiography, and Gated cardiac blood imaging evaluations. The @entity1 were submitted to continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during their daily routine. The recording time ranged from 838 to 1,432 min (average = 1,307 +/- 153 min). Clinical follow-up was done every six months. @entity50 rhythm predominated in all subjects. The maximal, minimal, and average heart rate ranges (beats/min) were, respectively: during sleeping periods, 60-115 (85.8 +/- 13.2), 42-80 (56.6 +/- 8.7), 51-85 (64.0 +/- 8.8); and during awake periods, 85-150 (118.4 +/- 16.4), 50-85 (64.1 +/- 9.1), 61-90 (75.3 +/- 8.3). The longest sinus pauses were observed during sleep and ranged from 0.8 to 2.5 sec (1.25 +/- 0.34 sec). @entity11706 were observed in 20 individuals (76.9%). They were frequent in four (15.4%) and repetitive in nine (34.6%) of them. Short-lasting episodes of paroxysmal @entity591 and @entity956 were observed in one case each. @entity1540 were recorded in 20 individuals (76.9%). They were frequent in 6 (23%) and multiform in 13 (50%) of them. Couplets were observed in 5 cases (19.2%) and episodes of nonsustained @entity1165 were present in 3 individuals (11.5%). No symptoms were referred by any individual during recording. No clinical signs of @entity299 or symptoms were noticed during the average 40 +/- 7.2 months of follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Frequency and significance of XXXX in healthy elderly individuals.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'cardiac rhythm disturbances']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac rhythm disturbances']


abstract: The relative abundance of, and @entity24553 rates in, adult ixodid ticks from eight @entity3001 clinical-case areas and two comparison areas were investigated in northern @entity7452 from late fall to early spring, 1984-87. The western @entity3966 (Ixodes pacificus) was the most abundant species at seven of nine sites yielding specimens as determined with a tick drag method. The Pacific Coast tick (Dermacentor occidentalis) was the most abundant species at two sites, and lesser numbers of this tick and the American @entity235 tick (D. variabilis) were obtained from seven and two sites, respectively. Abundance of I. pacificus adults varied in clinical-case areas as well as in the comparison areas, and was not correlated significantly with @entity24553 rates in this tick. Overall, spirochetes were detected in 1.4 and 1.0% of the adult I. pacificus collected from clinical case (n = 857) and comparison sites (n = 383), respectively, and in 0.8% of adult D. occidentalis (n = 253) from one comparison area. An additional 244 D. occidentalis adults from all other sites were tested with negative results. Five spirochetal isolates recovered from I. pacificus adults were identified as @entity2069 with specific monoclonal antibodies. Seven of 10 @entity1 interviewed reportedly contracted their infections in summer, and six presented with a history of tick bite. Nine @entity1 owned or occasionally harbored one or more @entity235 , and at least one of the @entity235 contracted @entity3001 at the same site as its owner. Clinical manifestations of the disease in @entity1 @entity1 included @entity8831 (100%), @entity625 / @entity4841 (60%), @entity16 (60%), and cardiac involvement (20%). Four of nine @entity1 whose sera were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence contained significant antibody titers to @entity2069 .

title: @entity3001 in XXXX . Acarological, clinical, and epidemiological studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi', 'Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['black-legged tick']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity24553 :: ('MESH:D013145', 'Disease') :: ['spirochetal-infection', 'spirochetal infection']

answer: @entity7452 :: (MESH:D004670,Disease) :: ['California']


abstract: Gene cloning in @entity375 is usually carried out by complementation of recessive mutations. However, the fact that a DNA fragment is able to complement a mutation in a certain gene does not necessarily mean that it contains that gene. The identification of a cloned gene can involve the use of Molecular and/or Classical Genetics techniques. In this paper we describe the strategy to be followed in order to establish the identity of a cloned gene, by using genetic crosses and tetrad analysis. As a practical example of the use of this strategy, we describe the cloning of the @entity53942 gene which codes for the @entity21812 kinase in @entity375 . This gene has been isolated from a @entity375 genomic library by complementation of a @entity53942 mutation. The complementing DNA fragment has been subcloned and integrated into the @entity375 genome. By genetic crosses and tetrad analysis it has been demonstrated that integration has occurred at the @entity53942 locus. Since in this organism integration takes place mainly by homologous recombination, it can be inferred that we have, in fact, cloned the @entity53942 gene. Biochemical analysis of the transformant that carries multiple copies of the cloned gene confirms this result. It shows that this strain presents a @entity21812 kinase activity about 60 times higher than that of the wild type.

title: Identification of XXXX cloned genes by genetic analysis.

entities_list: @entity21812 :: ('CHEBI:15699', 'Chemical') :: ['homoserine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: PURPOSE: Extrahepatic metastasis represents a frequent pattern of disease progression when @entity10049 (FUDR) is given by the intraarterial route for the treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases. Systemic @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) plus @entity4181 was added to intrahepatic FUDR to prolong the duration of disease control. METHODS: Only @entity1 with @entity14 who had evidence of unresectable metastases confined to the liver were eligible. Laparotomy was performed to establish arterial perfusion of the liver. Cycles of intrahepatic FUDR followed by a 1-week rest period then intravenous chemotherapy with @entity1487 plus @entity4181 were administered until maximal regression of hepatic metastases. Maintenance chemotherapy with @entity1487 plus @entity4181 was then given until disease progression. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 entered this trial; four @entity1 (7%) were ineligible and 13 (23%) did not receive any chemotherapy on study because of findings at laparotomy. The 40 eligible @entity1 who began chemotherapy are included in the statistical analyses. Twenty-five @entity1 (62% of those who received chemotherapy) experienced regression of liver metastases. The median time to @entity5 progression was 9 months, but only 3% remained progression-free at 24 months. The median survival duration was 18 months. @entity137 was tolerable with no cases of @entity253 . One treatment-related fatality due to @entity295 was observed. CONCLUSION: Although short-term treatment results appear to be somewhat better than we have previously observed with intrahepatic FUDR alone, the sequential regimen did not have an impact on long-term, progression-free survival in @entity1 with unresectable liver metastases. We are now investigating this regimen as surgical adjuvant therapy in selected @entity1 following hepatic metastasectomy where this aggressive approach might have a greater therapeutic effect in the minimal residual disease setting.

title: Sequential intrahepatic @entity10049 and systemic @entity1487 plus XXXX for the treatment of metastatic @entity14 confined to the liver.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-FU', 'fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: @entity2803 induces serious disease in immunosuppressed individuals, often from an "activated" persistent @entity281 . Whether the @entity281 is chronically active or latent is unknown. Using @entity21215 ) in @entity19 as a model system, we examined persistent @entity281 in spleen, lung, and bone marrow of infected animals. At 28 days after @entity281 , no virus could be recovered from any organs tested except salivary glands, and here, virus was cleared by 48 days. Virus could be retrieved at all times by cocultivation of spleen or lung with permissive cells. In addition, @entity20589 DNA was always present in spleen, lung, and bone marrow. After @entity697 , RNA from the @entity20589 immediate early-1 (ie-1) gene was routinely found only in the lung. In spleen and bone marrow, only one sample from each organ examined at these times contained ie-1 RNA, and the RNA in these two samples was present at levels comparable to that found in @entity697 . This suggests that the virus had reactivated. The ie-1 RNA found in the lung was present at a much lower RNA:DNA ratio than that found at early times. Taken together, these results indicate that persistent @entity20589 exists simultaneously in both chronic active and latent states.

title: @entity21215 is present in both chronic active and latent states in persistently infected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['Cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity21215 :: ('10366', 'Species') :: ['murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: We have previously shown that TPA activates @entity2662 LTR in Jurkat T-cells by inducing the binding of @entity3419 - @entity876 complex to the @entity3419 site residing within the Ets responsive region 1 (ERR-1) of the LTR and that this activation is inhibited by @entity10185 and @entity27347 . However, in H9 T-cells TPA has been noted to activate the LTR in two consecutive stages. The first stage is activation is mediated by PKCetta and requires the three 21 bp TRE repeats. The second activation mode resembles that of Jurkat cells, except that it is inhibited by @entity4456 . The present study revealed that the first LTR activation in H9 cells resulted from PKCetta-induced elevation of non-phosphorylated @entity1178 which bound to the AP-1 site residing within each TRE. In contrast, this TRE-dependent activation did not occur in Jurkat cells, since there was no elevation of non-phosphorylated @entity1178 in these cells. However, we found that @entity10185 and @entity27347 , in Jurkat cells, and PKCetta and @entity4456 , in H9 cells, increased the level of phosphorylated @entity1178 that interacted with the @entity3419 - @entity876 complex. This interaction prevented the @entity3419 - @entity876 binding to ERR-1 and blocked, thereby, the ERR-1-mediated LTR activation. Therefore, this PKC-inhibited LTR activation started in both cell types after depletion of the relevant PKCs by their downregulation. In view of these variable activating mechanisms we assume that there might be additional undiscovered yet modes of @entity2662 LTR activation which vary in different cell types. Moreover, in line with this presumption we speculate that in @entity2662 carriers the LTR of the latent provirus may also be reactivated by different mechanisms that vary between its different host T-lymphocyte subclones. Since this reactivation may initiate the ATL process, understanding of these mechanisms is essential for establishing strategies to block the possibility of reactivating the latent virus as preventive means for ATL development in carriers.

title: Differential role of PKC-induced @entity1178 in XXXX LTR activation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in different human T-cell lines.

answer: @entity2662 :: (11908,Species) :: ['HTLV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Female sex has been suggested as a risk factor for @entity64 / @entity1031 in @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and has therefore been included within risk scores, e.g., the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score, and guidelines. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk of @entity64 / @entity1031 associated with female sex in @entity955 @entity1 . @entity1 /METHODS: Using the national Danish registers, we identified non-anticoagulated @entity1 discharged with @entity955 (1997-2008), and subdivided the population into three age intervals: <   65, 65-74 and >=    75 years. We calculated @entity64 rates according to sex, and assessed the @entity64 risk associated with female sex by using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: We included 87,202 @entity955 @entity1 , and 44,744 (51.3%) were female. The rate of @entity64 / @entity1031 for females aged <   65 and 65-74 years was not increased as compared with @entity1 , whereas the rate for females aged >=    75 years was increased. At both 1-year and 12-year follow-up, female sex did not increase the risk of @entity64 for @entity1 aged <   75 years. At 1-year follow-up, the hazard ratios associated with female sex were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-1.13) and 0.91 (95 CI 0.79-1.05) for @entity1 aged <   65 and 65-74 years, respectively, and being female and aged >=    75 years was associated with an increased risk of @entity64 of 1.20 (95 CI 1.12-1.28). CONCLUSION: Female sex was only associated with an increased risk of @entity64 for @entity955 @entity1 aged >=    75 years. Our study suggests that female sex should not be automatically included as an independent @entity64 / @entity1031 risk factor in guidelines or in the CHA2 DS2 -VASc score, without careful prior consideration of the 'age <   65 and lone @entity955 ' criterion.

title: Female sex as a risk factor for @entity64 in XXXX : a nationwide cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'non-valvular AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the distribution of transforming growth factor type beta ( @entity2533 ) in the anterior segment of the @entity1 eye. This knowledge is important because @entity2533 may regulate various physiologic responses in the anterior segment by controlling cell proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix composition. METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were used to localize the beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 isoforms of @entity2533 in the anterior segment of the @entity1 eye. RESULTS: Eight of @entity735 (six eye bank specimens and two eyes enucleated because of @entity320 ) exhibited staining for at least one of the @entity2533 isoforms. @entity2533 was found in superficial limbal epithelial cells (four of @entity735 ) and in the stroma proximal to the ciliary processes (seven of @entity735 ). @entity6474 was found in superficial limbal epithelial cells (six of @entity735 ), the @entity3169 (eight of @entity735 ), in the ciliary processes (three of @entity735 ), and in a diffuse distribution in the region of the radial and circular muscles of the ciliary body (eight of @entity735 ). In addition, @entity6474 was found in the stroma adjacent to the pigmented epithelium in the pars plana (eight of @entity735 ). @entity1934 was found in white blood cells in one of eight specimens; otherwise it was not found in the anterior segment. The @entity2687 , corneal endothelium, trabecular meshwork, iris, and ciliary epithelia did not exhibit immunoreactivity with the antibodies used in this study. CONCLUSION: @entity2533 and @entity6474 have a distinct and specific distribution in the anterior segment of the adult @entity1 eye.

title: Immunolocalization of @entity2533 , XXXX , and @entity1934 in the anterior segment of the @entity1 eye.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eight eyes']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal stroma']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival stroma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity6474 :: (7042,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta 2']


abstract: AIM: To determine the rate of finding @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) at staging or follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) in oncology @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-five consecutive chest CT examinations, performed in @entity1 with @entity5 , were prospectively assessed during a 9-month period between October 2003 and June 2004. These were spiral acquisitions between 5 and 8mm collimation acquired 25s after intravenous contrast medium administration. @entity1151 was diagnosed if a filling defect was seen in the central pulmonary arteries on two or more consecutive slices. RESULTS: Ten of 385 (2.6%) of these @entity1 had incidentally detected @entity1151 . This was not attributable to any specific @entity5 or chemotherapeutic regimen. These emboli were all central, between the main pulmonary artery and the lobar level. Although the significance of these findings in @entity1 not clinically suspected of having @entity1151 could be contentious, all the @entity1 were started on therapeutic anticoagulation as a result of this observation. CONCLUSION: Over one in 40 oncology @entity1 have incidental central @entity1151 visible on the CT images performed to assess their @entity5 . Formal review of the pulmonary arteries, using a work station, is advised in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Clinically unsuspected XXXX --an important secondary finding in oncology CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'incidental pulmonary embolisms']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: It has been speculated that because of increased left ventricular (LV) afterload, decreased intrathoracic pressure (ITP) is responsible for @entity998 (CO) in @entity27 . If this were true, then @entity27 ( @entity27 ) should have a greater effect on CO than would @entity2417 ( @entity2417 ). To assess the importance of decreased ITP during @entity27 , we studied seven preinstrumented sedated @entity1707 with @entity27 and simulated @entity2417 that were matched for blood gases and @entity386 periodicities (with 15- or 30-s @entity386 duration). Compared with @entity27 , @entity2417 with 30-s @entity386 duration produced comparable decreases in heart rate (from baseline to end @entity386 : @entity27 , 106.6 +/- 4.8 to 93.4 +/- 4.4 beats/min, P < 0.01; and @entity2417 , 111.1 +/- 6.2 to 94.0 +/- 5.2 beats/min, P < 0.01) and comparable increases in LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic myocardial segment length but greater increases in mean arterial pressure (97.1 +/- 3.7 to 107.7 +/- 4.3 Torr, P < 0.05; and 97.3 +/- 4.8 to 119.3 +/- 7.4 Torr, P < 0.01) and systemic vascular resistance (2,577 +/- 224 to 3,346 +/- 400 dyn . s . cm-5, P < 0.01; and 2,738 +/- 294 to 5,111 +/- 1,181 dyn . s . cm-5, P < 0.01) and greater decreases in CO (3.18 +/- 0.31 to 2.74 +/- 0.26 l/min, P < 0. 05; and 3.07 +/- 0.38 to 2.30 +/- 0.36 l/min, P < 0.01) and @entity64 volume (32.2 +/- 2.9 to 25.9 +/- 2.4 ml, P < 0.05; and 31.5 +/- 1.9 to 19.8 +/- 3.1 ml, P < 0.01). Only @entity2417 increased LV end-systolic myocardial segment length. Similar findings were observed with 15-s @entity386 duration. We conclude that @entity2417 produced greater depression of CO and greater changes of afterload-related @entity1002 than did @entity27 . Therefore, decreased ITP was not the dominant factor determining LV function with @entity386 .

title: Comparative hemodynamic effects of periodic obstructive and simulated central XXXX in sedated @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity2417 :: ('MESH:D020182', 'Disease') :: ['central apnea', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decreased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apneas']


abstract: @entity5 is caused by @entity1082 ) and is the most common @entity5 among Mexican @entity1 , but no population-based studies have reported the prevalence and determinants of @entity1083 in Mexico. A population-based study was carried out between 1996 and 1999, based on an age-stratified random sample of 1,340 @entity1 with normal cytologic diagnoses from 33 municipalities of Morelos State, Mexico. The prevalence of cervical HPV DNA was determined by reverse line blot strip assay to detect 17 @entity5 -associated HPV types. Two peaks of HPV DNA prevalence were observed. A first peak of 16.7% was observed in the age group under 25 years. HPV DNA prevalence declined to 3.7% in the age group 35-44 years, then increased progressively to 23% among @entity1 65 years and older. @entity5 -associated HPV types were the most common in all age groups; non- @entity5 -associated HPV types were rare in the young and became more common linearly with age. Twenty-four types of HPV were detected; @entity1799 , HPV 53, HPV 31 and HPV 18 were the most common, but none was present in more than 1.7% of subjects. The main @entity281 with both @entity5 -associated HPV types was the number of sexual partners in all age groups. Less-educated @entity1 were at an increased risk of @entity281 with @entity5 -associated but not with non- @entity5 -associated HPV types; low socioeconomic status was associated with detection of non- @entity5 -associated HPV types. Among young @entity1 an increasing number of pregnancies was associated with lower HPV detection and among older @entity1 low socioeconomic status was related to @entity101 , particularly for the age group 35-54 years. Among @entity1 with @entity5 -associated HPV types, there was a higher intensity of polymerase chain reaction signal in younger than in older age groups (p < 0.001). We present additional evidence for the sexually transmitted nature of @entity1083 , regardless of age group and HPV type. We confirm previous findings of a second peak of high-risk HPV @entity281 in postmenopausal @entity1 , in this case with a clear predominance of @entity5 -associated HPV types. In populations with this pattern, which can be related to reactivation of latent HPV @entity281 or high previous exposure in older @entity1 , screening with HPV testing can have a reduced specificity among older @entity1 if proper cut-off points for HPV positivity are not used. Longitudinal studies of immune responses to @entity1083 in different age groups are warranted.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX among Mexican @entity1 with normal cervical cytology.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased HPV detection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-associated and 10 non-cancer', 'cancer-associated and non-cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['determinant of infection', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1083 :: (MESH:D030361,Disease) :: ['HPV infection']


abstract: Neuronal differentiation is characterized by stereotypical sequences of membrane channel and receptor acquisition. This is regulated by the coordinated interactions of a variety of developmental mechanisms, one of which is the control by @entity134 hormones. We have used the metamorphosis of the holometabolous insect, @entity4079 , as a model to study effects of @entity11088 on the maturation of thoracic neuron membrane channel expression. To test for direct hormone action, neurons were dissociated into primary cell culture on the first day of pupal life. In situ hybridization demonstrated that the amount of expression of the @entity934 receptor alpha subunit, MARA1, was not affected by @entity11088 . Immunocytochemistry with an antibody directed against the SP19 segment of voltage-gated @entity1372 channels revealed no effect of @entity11088 treatment during the first 6 days in culture. SP19 @entity1372 channel protein was evenly distributed along all neurites. In contrast, after 8 days in culture, @entity11088 increased the amount of SP19 protein expression and strongly affected its distribution in differentiating neurons. In the presence of @entity11088 , patches of high densities of SP19 @entity1372 channel protein were found in growth cones close to the base of filopodia. This is a further step toward unraveling the blend of membrane proteins under the control of @entity230 during the development of the central nervous system of postembryonic Manduca. Our results, taken together with previous studies, indicate that @entity11088 does not affect the expression of @entity972 membrane current or of the nicotinic @entity934 receptor but instead regulates the amplitude of the @entity460 membrane current and the amount and distribution of SP19 @entity1372 channel protein.

title: A XXXX hormone affects @entity1372 channel expression in Manduca central neurons.

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity11088 :: ('MESH:D004441', 'Chemical') :: ['20-hydroxyecdysone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Soft tissue @entity130 induces an inflammatory response locally and in remote organs. Although remote organ failure is attributed to the systemic action of locally released mediators, it is so far unclear to what extent a direct cell injury and the consequences of @entity63 or a secondary injury due to locally released mediators contribute to the manifestation of tissue damage at the primary site of @entity130 . Soft tissue @entity130 was induced by means of a controlled impact injury technique in the hind limb of @entity4485 -anesthetized @entity35 . Additional animals received a femoral arterial infusion of supernatant of traumatized muscle tissue, of nontraumatized muscle, or 0.9% @entity1219 . Tissue injury was assessed by determining microcirculatory perfusion failure, inflammatory response, apoptotic cell death, and nociceptive @entity158 behavior. Muscle tissue of traumatized animals revealed perfusion failure, tissue @entity519 , and @entity32 . Nociceptive testing showed a decrease in mechanical @entity158 thresholds of the affected hind paw. Infusion of supernatant of traumatized tissue induced local @entity32 and @entity158 comparable with that of directly traumatized tissue; however, it failed to cause nutritive perfusion failure. Supernatant of nontraumatized muscle did not affect muscle microcirculation and integrity. Only animals that underwent direct @entity130 presented with apoptotic cell death, as given by in vivo fluorescence microscopy, caspase 3 protein cleavage, and transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick-end labeling histology. @entity130 -associated humoral factors cause post-traumatic @entity1931 and @entity32 , but not microvascular perfusion failure and apoptotic cell death. This finding may prompt future efforts in the therapy of closed soft tissue @entity130 to focus not only on antimediator strategies, but to add regimens targeting perfusion failure and tissue apoptosis.

title: Supernatant of traumatized muscle induces XXXX and @entity158 , but not microcirculatory perfusion failure and apoptotic cell death.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that measurements of peripheral venous @entity880 (V-LACT) can be substituted for arterial @entity880 (A-LACT) in predicting @entity432 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective comparison of paired A-LACT and V-LACT measurements obtained from a convenience sample of 74 @entity2613 @entity1 who presented to an urban, public teaching hospital, 70% of whom had abnormal A-LACT. RESULTS: Mean A-LACT and V-LACT were 2.8 mmol/L and 3.0 mmol/L, respectively. A-LACT and V-LACT were strongly correlated (r2 = .89). Simultaneous multivariate adjustment for tourniquet time and for time elapsed between drawing of A-LACT and V-LACT had no effect on this correlation. Although the mean difference between V-LACT and A-LACT was only .22 mmol/L, the range that included 95% of the disagreement between paired measurements in individual @entity1 was-1.3 mmol/L to 1.7 mmol/L. When A-LACT and V-LACT levels were each divided into normal and abnormal (elevated) groups, V-LACT showed 94% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 83% to 99%), 57% specificity (95% CI, 34% to 78%), a positive likelihood ratio of 2.2, and a negative likelihood ratio of .1. A-LACT values were used as the criterion standard for these calculations. CONCLUSION: Correlation between A-LACT and V-LACT was high in this cohort of @entity1 , but agreement is imperfect. The odds of @entity432 appear to be reduced substantially by the finding of a normal V-LACT but are only marginally increased if the V-LACT is increased. Caution should be used in the routine substitution of V-LACT for A-LACT.

title: Agreement between peripheral venous and arterial XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hyperlactacidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: Community delivery of intermittent preventive treatment of @entity311 in pregnancy ( @entity13583 ) is one potential option that could mitigate @entity311 in pregnancy. However, there is concern that this approach may lead to complacency among @entity1 with low access to essential care at health units. A non-randomised community trial assessed a new delivery system of @entity13583 through traditional birth attendants, drug shop vendors, community reproductive health workers and adolescent peer mobilisers (the intervention) compared with @entity13583 at health units (control). The study enrolled a total of 2081 pregnant @entity1 with the new approaches. Data on care-seeking practices before and after the intervention were collected. The majority of @entity1 with the new approaches accessed @entity13583 in the second trimester and adhered to two doses of @entity9230 / @entity4765 (SP) (1404/2081; 67.5%). Antenatal care (four recommended visits) increased from 3.4% (27/805) to 56.8% (558/983) (P<0.001). The proportion of @entity1 delivering at health units increased from 34.3% (276/805) to 41.5% (434/1045) (P=0.02), whilst the proportion of @entity1 seeking care for @entity311 at health units increased from 16.7% (128/767) to 36.0% (146/405) (P<0.001). Similarly, use of insecticide-treated nets increased from 7.7% (160/2081) to 22.4% (236/1055) (P<0.001). In conclusion, the community-based system was effective in delivering @entity13583 , whilst @entity1 still accessed and benefited from essential care at health units.

title: A community-based delivery system of intermittent preventive treatment of XXXX in pregnancy and its effect on use of essential maternity care at health units in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity9230 :: ('MESH:D013413', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: The expression of phospholipase C isozymes and @entity4357 4-kinase in the @entity35 facial nucleus was studied using in situ hybridization at various times after unilateral crushing and resectioning the facial nerve. The level of phospholipase C alpha messenger RNA increased from three days to one week after the operation. On the other hand, an apparent reduction in the level of @entity38628 occurred from three days to one week after resection. After either crushing or resection, @entity22857 messenger RNA levels were not noticeably changed. As @entity4357 4-kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of @entity1078 , which is the preferred substrate for phospholipase C, we investigated the expression of @entity4357 4-kinase messenger RNA. The level of @entity4357 4-kinase messenger RNA was decreased one day after @entity21 . Among phospholipase C isozymes, phospholipase C alpha is up-regulated. As the structure of phospholipase C alpha is different from other isozymes, phospholipase C alpha is supposed to have a different function. The present unique up-regulation of phospholipase C alpha may suggest a novel function in nerve regeneration. @entity38628 is down-regulated, as is @entity4357 4-kinase. This suggests that the signal transmission system using a G-linked receptor is broken down after @entity128 . On the other hand, @entity22857 , which is related to the receptor @entity669 kinase, does not demonstrate any transcriptional regulation after @entity128 .

title: Differential regulation of phospholipase C isozymes in the XXXX facial nucleus following axotomy.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity38628 :: ('24654(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['phospholipase C beta 1', 'Phospholipase C beta 1']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity5713 for relapsed/refractory @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were reviewed on all 36 @entity1 included prospectively in the French database for pediatric @entity2108 who were treated with @entity5713 (6 mg/m(2)/wk) for resistant @entity66 (one), a first relapse (15), or subsequent relapses (20). Fifteen @entity1 had undergone hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) for a previous relapse. RESULTS: Six @entity1 were not evaluable for response, 25 (83%) of 30 evaluable @entity1 achieved a complete remission (CR), and five experienced progressive disease. Among the 31 @entity1 who achieved a CR with @entity5713 or before its initiation, six @entity1 were treated with HSCT and 25 with @entity5713 alone (median duration, 14 months). Overall, nine of 25 @entity1 treated with @entity5713 alone have remained in CR (median, 7 years since the end of treatment), and 16 @entity1 have relapsed. @entity5713 was still efficient for subsequent relapses. With a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 12 @entity1 have died (four as a result of @entity137 after HSCT and eight as a result of disease), and 24 @entity1 are alive (15 following treatment with single-agent @entity5713 for the last event). Five-year overall survival is 65% (95% CI, 48% to 79%), and 5-year event-free survival is 30% (95% CI, 17% to 47%). CONCLUSION: @entity5713 is highly efficient in relapsed @entity2108 and may produce durable remissions. The optimal treatment duration still has to be assessed. These results should be borne in mind when designing future phase II studies with the targeted therapies directed against @entity706 kinase.

title: Single-drug @entity5713 as salvage treatment for refractory or relapsed XXXX : a report from the French Society of Pediatric Oncology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large-cell lymphoma', 'ALCL']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine', 'Vinblastine']

answer: @entity2108 :: (MESH:D017728,Disease) :: ['anaplastic large-cell lymphoma']


abstract: A family of @entity3239 substrate (IRS) proteins mediates the pleiotropic effects of @entity7424 ( @entity7424 ) on cellular function by recruiting several intracellular signalling networks. Conventional @entity19 knockout strategies have started to reveal distinct physiological roles for the IRS proteins. Deletion of @entity3241 produces a mild metabolic phenotype with compensated insulin resistance but also causes marked @entity851 . In contrast, @entity19 lacking @entity3238 display nearly normal growth but develop @entity6 owing to a combination of peripheral insulin resistance and beta-cell failure. As well as the classical metabolic events regulated by insulin signalling pathways, studies in lower organisms have implicated insulin/ @entity7424 signalling pathways in the control of food intake and reproductive function. Our analysis of @entity3238 knock-out @entity19 shows that female @entity19 are infertile owing to @entity2339 , pituitary and gonad. @entity3238 (-/-) @entity19 have small, anovulatory ovaries with reduced numbers of follicles. Levels of the pituitary hormones luteinizing hormone and prolactin and gonadal @entity230 are low in these animals. Pituitaries of @entity3238 (-/-) animals are decreased in size and contain reduced numbers of gonadotrophs. Additionally, @entity3238 (-/-) females display @entity101 and develop @entity28 , despite elevated leptin levels, suggesting @entity1640 . Coupled with recent observations that brain-specific deletion of the @entity3239 causes a similar phenotype, these findings implicate IRS signalling pathways in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction and energy homeostasis.

title: XXXX substrate proteins and neuroendocrine function.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased food intake']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in hypothalamic function']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['defects in the hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity7424 :: ('16000(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1', 'insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1']

answer: @entity3239 :: (16337(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Insulin receptor']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were: to evaluate the performance of a novel arterial biopsy catheter in obtaining pulmonary endovascular samples in @entity101 @entity235 ; to compare the results of pulmonary endoarterial biopsy in @entity101 vs normotensive @entity235 ; and to assess the histologic changes in the @entity101 model. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS: Thirty-four @entity235 (27 with normal pulmonary arterial pressures and seven with @entity120 ) were catheterized through an external jugular vein to obtain endovascular biopsy samples from distal pulmonary arteries 2 to 3 mm in luminal diameter. To induce @entity120 , seven @entity235 were given repeated infusions of 0.6- to 0.9-mm ceramic microspheres into the superior vena cava. Endoarterial samples were obtained at pulmonary systolic arterial pressures ranging from 10 to 110 mm Hg. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sixty-two biopsy catheterization procedures were performed in the 34 @entity235 . After 12 initial procedures of technique refinement, endoarterial samples were obtained in each of the last 50 procedures (21 in normotensive @entity235 and 29 in @entity101 @entity235 ). The average number of endovascular biopsy samples retrieved was 7.1 (range, 2 to 12) from a mean of 8.6 (range, 2 to 15) biopsy attempts per catheterization (success rate=83%). The average biopsy piece measured 1.13 mm in length, 0.33 mm in depth, and up to 1.0 mm in width. The biopsy success rates and endoarterial sample sizes were similar in normotensive and @entity101 @entity235 . Smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells were grown from the biopsy samples. There were no significant procedural complications, except for one self-limited @entity548 . Histologically, samples obtained from @entity235 with @entity120 showed characteristic changes when compared with biopsies from normotensive @entity235 . CONCLUSION: This new endoarterial biopsy catheter was safe and effective when used to obtain pulmonary endoarterial samples in @entity235 with normal and experimentally elevated pulmonary arterial pressures. The quality and quantity of the biopsy samples allowed identification of pathologic changes.

title: Percutaneous pulmonary endoarterial biopsy in an experimental model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: A qualitative microspectrophotometric detection method for heparin in situ has been developed, using data obtained previously with a model system of @entity2975 films containing pure glycosaminoglycans (Tas, 1975). This technique, based on the unique metachromatic properties of heparin with @entity11979 in @entity653 , has been worked out with @entity35 peritoneal and mesenteric mast cells. After the smears containing the stained cells had been mounted in @entity653 , a change with time of the recorded metachromatic peaks to lower wavelengths was found, leading to an equilibrium phase after some days. The metachromatic peaks recorded in this phase appeared to resemble closely the peak obtained for the heparin- @entity11979 complex under similar conditions in the model experiments. With @entity35 mast cells it was found that nucleic acids, basic proteins, @entity112 and lipids had no appreciable influence on the position of the final recorded peaks, nor did they influence the slope of the time course very much. This observed decrease with time in the wavelengths of the metachromatic peaks can be explained by the time necessary for equilibration of the cells in @entity653 and by the possible influence of lower sulphated glycosaminoglycans on the peak of the heparin- @entity11979 complex. It was found that the method can be used to detect unequivocally the presence of heparin in cells, even if they also contain up to 75% (mole/mole) of other, lower sulphated glycosaminoglycan. Only a limited number of cells is necessary with this method - in contrast to biochemical determinations. For the first time the presence of heparin in normal @entity1 basophilic granulocytes and mast cells has been proved directly. The experiments indicate the occurrence of virtually similar sulphated heparins in @entity1 mast cells and basophilic granulocytes, as well as in @entity1707 mast cells. A higher sulphated heparin, however, might be present in @entity35 mast cells.

title: Microspectrophotometric detection of heparin in mast cells and basophilic granulocytes stained metachromatically with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['Toluidine Blue O']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity11979 :: (MESH:D014048,Chemical) :: ['Toluidine Blue O']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Capsule endoscopy may play a role in the evaluation of @entity1 presenting with @entity360 in the emergency department. @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated adults with @entity360 presenting to the emergency departments of two academic centers. @entity1 ingested a wireless video capsule, which was followed immediately by a nasogastric tube aspiration and later by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We compared capsule endoscopy with nasogastric tube aspiration for determination of the presence of blood, and with EGD for discrimination of the source of @entity548 , identification of peptic/inflammatory lesions, safety, and @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: The study enrolled 49 @entity1 (32 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ; mean age 58.3        19 years), but three @entity1 did not complete the capsule endoscopy and five were intolerant of the nasogastric tube. Blood was detected in the upper gastrointestinal tract significantly more often by capsule endoscopy (15/18 [83.3%]) than by nasogastric tube aspiration (6/18 [33.3%]; P=0.035). There was no significant difference in the identification of peptic/inflammatory lesions between capsule endoscopy (27/40 [67.5%]) and EGD (35/40 [87.5%]; P=0.10, OR 0.39 95%CI 0.11-1.15). Capsule endoscopy reached the duodenum in 45/46 @entity1 (98%). One @entity1 (2.2%) had self-limited @entity1353 and one (2.2%) had coughing on capsule ingestion. CONCLUSIONS: In an emergency department setting, capsule endoscopy appears feasible and safe in @entity1 presenting with @entity360 . Capsule endoscopy identifies gross blood in the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the duodenum, significantly more often than nasogastric tube aspiration and identifies inflammatory lesions, as well as EGD. Capsule endoscopy may facilitate @entity1 triage and earlier endoscopy, but should not be considered a substitute for EGD.

title: Capsule endoscopy in XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity109 , 800 mug, or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of @entity8953 , 100 mg/kg, into @entity35 resulted in a loss of righting reflex lasting 15.4 +/- 0.2 min and 20.7 +/- 0.7 min, respectively. A 40-60% reduction in this response was obtained following administration of @entity109 either i.c.v. (800 mug 4 times daily) or i.p. (80 mg/kg/day) for 4 days. Although these treatments also increased hepatic mixed function oxidase activity, this enzyme induction was shown to be unrelated to the development of tolerance to loss of righting reflex. I.c.v. injection of @entity11348 (HC-3) in doses which reduce brain @entity934 levels (4-20 mug) profoundly affected tolerance to the central depressant effect of the barbiturates. Thus, depending upon the time of administration, HC-3 either retarded or prevented development of this tolerance. Moreover, if tolerance was allowed to progress normally, administration of HC-3 on day 4 or 5 returned the duration of the loss of righting reflex toward normal values. HC-3 did not influence either the duration of this response in non-tolerant @entity35 or the induction of the hepatic mixed function oxidase activity. These results suggest that brain ACh plays an important role in the development and maintenance of tolerance to the central depressant effects of barbiturates.

title: Prevention and reversal of tolerance to barbiturates by intraventricular injection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity8953 :: ('MESH:D006591', 'Chemical') :: ['hexobarbital']

entities_list: @entity11348 :: ('MESH:D006426', 'Chemical') :: ['hemicholinium-3']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity11348 :: (MESH:D006426,Chemical) :: ['hemicholinium-3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence rates of conventional risk factors and to analyze the features of @entity301 in @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ). METHODS: 3765 @entity301 cases were collected from the General Hospital of PLA in Beijing from 2009 to 2010 (2661 @entity1 , 1104 @entity1 ). All the @entity301 @entity1 enrolled in our study were diagnosed through angiography. Clinical and angiographic data of @entity301 @entity1 were collected. After stratification on age and sex of the @entity1 , logistic analysis method was used to evaluate the prevalence rates on conventional risk factors and to analyze the features of @entity301 on @entity301 . RESULTS: (1) More than two risk factors and advancing age of onset were commonly seen in female @entity301 @entity1 . In those premature female @entity301 @entity1 (age<45 years), there was a high proportion the habit of smoking. With the increase of age, proportions of @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity407 also significantly increased. For male @entity1 at different age, the proportions of smoking were high. (2) Data from logistic analysis suggested that @entity6 could increase the prevalence of @entity301 on @entity1 (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.49-2.81, P<0.001), and smoking was a risk factor for @entity1 (OR=9.27, 95%CI: 7.68-11.19, P<0.001). (3) Along with the increase of age, female @entity1 appeared to have more coronary vessel injures or severe @entity453 . Different from the females, there was no change could seen on the characteristics of @entity301 at different age for males. CONCLUSION: Prevalence rates on risk factors and the characteristics of @entity301 appeared to be different with age. @entity6 and @entity407 seemed to impact more on @entity1 while smoking seemed to impact more on @entity1 .

title: [Characteristics of traditional risk factors and @entity301 on XXXX among different sex populations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary lesions', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery lesions']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study fat metabolism and evaluate lipid deposition in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells during @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) with or without fat. DESIGN: 20 male @entity35 , divided into four groups, were investigated. @entity35 fed orally were used as a reference group and compared to three groups of @entity35 receiving @entity3147 either without fat or with 33% of non-protein energy as fat or with 66% of non-protein energy as fat. The @entity3147 regimens were equicaloric and administered continuously via a jugular catheter for 7 days. INTERVENTIONS: After suffocation, blood was collected for determination of serum lipids. Epididymal fat and heart were collected for analysis of lipoprotein lipase activities, and pieces of liver were saved for analyses of liver @entity412 concentration and @entity52927 activity. Light and electron microscopy were used for examination of lipid deposition in Kupffer cells. RESULTS: Directly after termination of parenteral feeding, the serum levels of @entity1674 were similar in all @entity3147 groups, while the levels of non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and non-HDL phospholipids were significantly increased in parallel with increased doses of fat. @entity3147 resulted in significantly less @entity1560 than high-fat @entity3147 . @entity3147 also resulted in downregulated @entity52927 activity, signs of lipid accumulation in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes and an increased number of phagosomes in Kupffer cells. CONCLUSIONS: Fat vacuoles were found in Kupffer cells after lipid @entity3147 , although serum levels of @entity1674 were not elevated and lipoprotein lipase activity were not depressed. The cells were distended by fat vacuoles after administration of @entity3147 solutions with a high fat concentration. Morphological signs of increased Kupffer cell activity were also found, suggesting that intravenous fat emulsions may activate macrophages.

title: Lipid deposition in Kupffer cells after parenteral fat nutrition in XXXX : a biochemical and ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'Lipid-free PN', 'PN', 'Lipid PN']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity10438 (MF) administered by dry powder inhaler (DPI) was composed with @entity4184 (BUD) Turbuhaler in the treatment of moderate persistent @entity565 . The @entity1 were randomized to one of four treatment groups: MF DPI (100, 200, 400 microg b.i.d) or BUD Turbuhaler. 400 microg b.i.d in a 12-week, active-controlled, evaluator-blind, multicentre international trial. The primary efficacy variable was the mean change from baseline to endpoint (last treatment visit) in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Changes in FEV1 showed a statistically significant superiority (p<0.05) of MF DPI 200 and 400 microg b.i.d compared with the BUD Turbuhaler 400 microg b.i.d treatment. Significant superiority (p<0.05) was also seen in scores for several secondary efficacy variables when MF DPI was compared with BUD Turbuhaler treatment. MF DPI 200 microg b.i.d was comparable to MF DPI 400 microg b.i.d in therapeutic benefit. The incidence of @entity5253 was no more than 3% in any group. All treatments were well tolerated. A total daily dose of 400 microg of @entity10438 administered by dry powder inhaler provides a well-tolerated treatment for @entity1 with moderate persistent @entity565 and results in a significantly greater improvement, when compared to a daily dose of 800 microg BUD Turbuhaler in the parameters measured in this study.

title: Comparison of the efficacy and safety of @entity10438 dry powder inhaler to XXXX Turbuhaler.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate', 'Mometasone furoate']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: @entity356 , @entity7623 , is one of the sequelae of @entity6 . Symptoms may include postprandial @entity390 , @entity158 , @entity391 , early satiety and unpredictable blood sugar fluctuations. Nowadays diagnosis is made by the measurement of gastric emptying with a radionuclide test meal. Using this technique some 50% of @entity6 @entity1 show signs of @entity1819 . Relief is best delivered by agents promoting gastric emptying. In phase II single-dose studies @entity1769 , @entity2211 , @entity4392 , @entity2929 and @entity5760 were all able to enhance gastric evacuation of solid and liquid meals in @entity1 with @entity6 . A few short term studies support the efficacy of @entity2211 and @entity5760 , but long term trials are lacking. @entity2929 , mimicking the potent gastrokinetic effect of @entity3771 , may hold considerable promise for the future. Experience with @entity2929 in @entity6 is nonetheless very limited. To some extent the therapeutic effectiveness of @entity1769 and @entity4392 has been established in placebo-controlled trials. In trials with a placebo-controlled crossover design, however, only @entity1769 showed a sustained positive effect. @entity1769 , which combines gastrokinetic and antiemetic properties seems, so far, the best therapeutic option in @entity6 . @entity4392 may be considered as a good alternative in cases where limited efficacy or side effects preclude the use of @entity1769 .

title: XXXX . A critical reappraisal of new treatment strategies.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisapride', 'cisapride']

entities_list: @entity5760 :: ('MESH:C053006', 'Chemical') :: ['renzapride']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic gastroparesis', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['disordered gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['bloating, vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['Metoclopramide', 'metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed gastric emptying']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic gastroparesis']


abstract: The clinical course of @entity1 with @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is frequently complicated by arterial @entity715 events. The pathogenesis is not clearly understood but attributed to @entity1423 . An increase in platelet @entity2871 formation has been described in the majority of asymptomatic @entity1 with thrombocythaemia, probably reflecting spontaneous platelet activation in vivo. In the present study we prospectively investigated whether an increase in platelet @entity2871 formation actually precedes arterial microvascular @entity715 . In addition, we studied the effect of selective inhibition of platelet @entity2871 formation on clinical outcome by reinstitution of low-dose @entity117 (50 mg/ d). Six ET @entity1 and one @entity4406 @entity1 participated in this study. Within 10 d after withdrawal of @entity117 , three @entity1 developed arterial microvascular @entity715 of @entity1746 ( @entity8249 ), which was preceded by a 3-30-fold increase in urinary @entity2871 excretion as compared with @entity1 who remained asymptomatic. The increased urinary @entity2871 excretion and clinical signs could be inhibited by a platelet-specific @entity117 regimen of 50 mg/d without affecting vascular cyclooxygenase, indicating that platelets were the main source of the increased @entity2871 generation. These data suggest that in symptomatic @entity1 an enhanced formation of @entity2871 by platelets, reflecting platelet activation in vivo, precedes the development of arterial microvascular @entity715 . These data provide a rationale for using low-dose @entity117 as an antithrombotic agent in thrombocythaemia.

title: XXXX -dependent platelet activation in vivo precedes arterial @entity715 in thrombocythaemia: a rationale for the use of low-dose @entity117 as an antithrombotic agent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity8249 :: ('MESH:D004916', 'Disease') :: ['erythromelalgia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in platelet function']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['extremities']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'polycythaemia vera']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['Thromboxane']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of knee and/or @entity3681 in former elite soccer player. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: Medline, Embase and SPORTDiscus (2000 to January 2012) were used. To be included, studies were required to be a primary study, written in English, Dutch, French or German, former elite soccer players had to be the study population, and presenting knee or ankle @entity571 had to be the outcome measure. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in four studies. Two studies, evaluated as having a high methodological quality, found a prevalence rate of knee @entity571 between 60 and 80%. Both studies used radiographic examination as their measurement instrument to diagnose @entity571 ; the presence of ankle @entity571 was not determined. The other two studies, evaluated as having a moderate methodological quality, found a prevalence rate of knee @entity571 between 40 and 46% and a prevalence rate of ankle @entity571 between 12 and 17%. These studies used a questionnaire as their measurement instrument wherein players were asked if they had ever been diagnosed with @entity571 by a medical specialist. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of knee and ankle @entity571 in former elite soccer players can be considered high compared to the general population and to other occupations. To identify players at risk for @entity571 , a health surveillance program should be implemented in elite soccer as a preventive measure. Further research should be conducted to determine if the risk of developing @entity571 varies among different subgroups of elite soccer players and what the consequences of this high @entity571 prevalence are.

title: Knee and XXXX in former elite soccer players: a systematic review of the recent literature.

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle osteoarthritis']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of @entity9052 and echinacea on the mRNA expression of @entity13358 , @entity1505 , and @entity1810 in healthy @entity35 . Six-week-old male Fischer 344 @entity35 (n = 48) were used. The animals were divided into three equal groups, as follows: control ( @entity9052 (G); echinacea (E). While the C group was fed a standard @entity35 diet (Purina) ad libitum for a period of 40 days, the G and E groups animals received the same diet containing 0.5   g/kg of @entity9052 root powder and 0.75   g/kg of Echinacea purpurea root powder, respectively. Blood samples were obtained from 8 @entity35 in each group after 20 and 40 days of treatment, and the mRNA expression of @entity13358 , @entity1505 , and @entity1810 was determined. After 20 days of treatment, the expression of @entity13358 mRNA in the G group was different from the C group (P < 0.05); however, after 40 days of treatment, there was no difference between the groups. There was no difference after 20 and 40 days of treatment between the groups with respect to the expression of @entity1810 mRNA. After 20 days of treatment, the expression of @entity1505 mRNA in the E group was higher (P < 0.05) than the C group. After 40 days of treatment, the expression of @entity1505 mRNA was similar in all of the groups. Based on the current study, the increase in expression of @entity13358 mRNA in the G group and the increase in expression of @entity1505 mRNA in the E group support the use of these plants for purposes of modulating the immune system. However, a more detailed study regarding the effects of @entity9052 and echinacea on these cytokines and other cytokines is needed.

title: Effects of @entity9052 and echinacea on cytokine mRNA expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['ginseng', 'C); ginseng', 'Panax ginseng']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: Little is known about reasons why eligible @entity0 @entity1 decline @entity5345 mutation testing. They may withdraw at different stages during genetic counseling for different reasons. We prospectively studied perceived benefits and barriers to genetic counseling and @entity5345 testing in 102 newly diagnosed @entity0 @entity1 approached for genetic counseling at the start of radiotherapy. METHODS: @entity1 completed questionnaires and participated in interviews at different stages of the counseling protocol. RESULTS: Participation was not influenced by distress, knowledge about @entity0 , previous genetic testing in relatives, or perceived risks and barriers. Immediate decliners (n = 23) do not believe genetic testing is relevant for them. @entity1 who decline after pedigree compilation (n = 14) are more hesitant and anxious about the influence of the test result on their future often wishing to postpone further testing. Late decliners (n = 7) withdraw afraid of the test result and/or after a relative's objection. These decliners are not easily identified upon approach because they are similar to @entity1 who receive a DNA test result (n = 58). Notwithstanding their decline, 81% agreed to the timing or would have preferred an earlier approach for genetic counseling. CONCLUSION: Decliners may make more informed decisions after tailored health education, including adequate risk information.

title: Barriers to participating in genetic counseling and XXXX testing during primary treatment for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'hereditary breast cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA']


abstract: CONTEXT: The duration of @entity2339 suppression after glucocorticoid treatment is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the duration of @entity2339 suppression in @entity617 -treated @entity1 and the age at which circadian variation in salivary @entity701 is established in healthy @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Before the adoption of @entity1169 treatment by the Vascular Birthmarks Clinic, 12 @entity1 with infantile @entity2695 received high-dose @entity617 for 12 to 25 weeks' duration, weaned over 4 to 6 weeks, and ceased at age 21 to 31 weeks. Parents collected serial salivary samples at two time points per day (before first and last feed) until circadian variation in salivary @entity701 (measured by radioimmunoassay) was observed, when a confirmatory 1  g Synacthen test was performed. Ten healthy control @entity1 had serial salivary @entity701 measurements to determine the age at which circadian variation is established. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We defined circadian variation as evening salivary @entity701 <50% of the early morning level on two consecutive sampling weeks. RESULTS: Circadian variation appeared within 6 weeks (median 2.7, range 1.4-5.4) of @entity617 cessation. All confirmatory Synacthen tests were normal (peak serum @entity701 >600 nmol/L) and were performed within 12 weeks of @entity617 cessation. Healthy controls developed circadian variation at median 16 weeks of age (range 8-24). CONCLUSION: HPA recovery occurred within 6 to 12 weeks, shorter than empirical recommendations, to give stress cover for 6 to 12 months. Reduced duration of stress-cover precautions may reduce parental @entity148 and side effects from unnecessary glucocorticoid use. Healthy control @entity1 established circadian variation in salivary @entity701 between 2 and 6 months of age.

title: @entity2339 recovery following prolonged @entity617 therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme is to be introduced in England during 2006. General Practitioners are a potentially important point of contact for @entity1 throughout the screening process. The aims of the study were to examine @entity6432 attitudes and information needs with regard to @entity5 screening, with a view to developing an information pack for primary care teams that will be circulated prior to the introduction of the programme. METHODS: 32 GPs participated in semi-structured telephone interviews. 18 of these had participated in the English Bowel Screening Pilot, and 14 had not. Interviews covered attitudes towards the introduction of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, expected or actual increases in workload, confidence in promoting informed choice, and preferences for receiving information about the programme. RESULTS: GPs in the study were generally positive about the introduction of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. A number of concerns were identified by GPs who had not taken part in the pilot programme, particularly relating to @entity1 welfare, @entity1 participation, and increased workload. GPs who had taken part in the pilot reported holding similar concerns prior to their involvement. However, in many cases these concerns were not confirmed through GPs experiences with the pilot. A number of specific information needs were identified by GPs to enable them to provide a supportive role to @entity1 in the programme. CONCLUSION: The study has found considerable GP support for the introduction of the new Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. Nonetheless, GPs hold some significant reservations regarding the programme. It is important that the information needs of GPs and other members of the primary care team are addressed prior to the roll-out of the programme so they are equipped to promote informed choice and provide support to @entity1 who consult them with queries regarding screening.

title: @entity5 screening in England: a qualitative study of XXXX attitudes and information needs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bowel cancer']

answer: @entity6432 :: (23218,Gene) :: ['GPs'']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4810 is one of the leading causes of social frustration and marginalization, mainly in the developing world. It is attributed to many factors including exposure to agropesticides such as @entity54737 (maneb), which is one of the most frequently used fungicides in Cameroon. Previous reports support efficiency of some medicinal plants commonly used in Cameroonian folk medicine for the treatment of this disorder. OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at assessing the protective effect of extracts from selected plant species, namely Basella alba L. (Basellaceae) (MEBa) and Carpolobia alba G. Don (Polygalaceae) (AECa), in alleviating the maneb-induced impairment of male reproductive function in @entity35 albino @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity35 were treated with vehicle, plant extract (MEBa or AECa), maneb and maneb plus plant extract, respectively, and their fertility was assessed. Animals were thereafter sacrificed and organs (liver, kidneys and reproductive organs) were dissected out and weighed. Serum androgens together with @entity493 aminotransferase, liver @entity2041 and @entity4466 reactive species (TBARS) were also measured. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: From this study, both plant extracts stimulated @entity251 and improved fertility. Administration of MEBa plus maneb prevented fertility reduction by maneb and minimized the inhibitory effect of maneb on @entity251 levels. AECa also improved fertility of the maneb-exposed @entity35 , though without restoring @entity251 levels, and other investigated parameters remained unaffected by different treatments. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasized the beneficial effects of B. alba and C. alba extracts on male fertility, and suggest their protective effect against maneb-induced @entity137 in male reproductive function.

title: Protective effect of Basella alba and Carpolobia alba extracts against maneb-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['Male infertility']

entities_list: @entity54737 :: ('MESH:C471036', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate)']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: Neurogenic urinary tract dysfunction is characterized by inadequate voiding and @entity322 . The aim of therapy nowadays is adequate bladder emptying and control of @entity322 . Neurogenic @entity322 can be caused by (a) @entity427 , (b) sphincter hypo- or @entity4894 , (c) a combination of both, or also (d) detrusor @entity427 with consequent overlow incontinence. Based on a simple urodynamic classification the current treatment strategies are presented. (a) @entity427 can be transformed into hypo- or are-flexia pharmacologically with potent drugs now available. Bladder emptying then has to be assisted or can be achieved by intermittent catheterization. If conservative therapy fails, sacral posterior root rhizotomy together with implantation of a sacral anterior root stimulator (Brindley) is an alternative, especially for @entity1 . If the anatomical situation does not allow sacral deafferentation (e.g. in @entity1 with @entity9960 or @entity10145 ) @entity1494 is the method of choice: a detubularized segment of ileum will serve as an energy destroyer for the pressure resulting from uncontrollable detrusor contractions. In contrast to @entity427 (b) hypo- or @entity4894 of the sphincter cannot be influenced pharmacologically. Method of choice for restoration of urinary continence in these @entity1 is the implantation of a hydraulic sphincter system (Scott); in this way urinary continence is achieved without creating outflow obstruction. The alternative is conventional colposuspension with maximal elevation of the bladder neck in order to create bladder neck outflow obstruction allowing the achievement of continence. In this situation intermittent catheterization is essential for bladder emptying (and can sometimes be difficult). If (c) @entity427 is combined with sphincter hypo- or @entity4894 , @entity322 is due to detrusor and sphincter dysfunction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Neurogenic XXXX : current treatment concepts].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder augmentation']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['areflexia']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['myelomeningocele']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia', 'hyporeflexia', 'Detrusor hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['sacral dysplasia']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish the frequency and severity of somatic symptoms and @entity147 ( @entity308 ) among our @entity102 ( @entity102 ) @entity1 and to study the relationship between them as well as their influence on the perceived health status. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 who had been on @entity102 for a minimum of three months were eligible for the study. Eight of them were excluded: six because they were unable to answer the questionnaires and two because they refused to participate. The 58 remaining @entity1 were the subject of our study (median age 68.5 years; median duration of @entity2033 29.5 months). Diverse sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded. The @entity1 answered the following questionnaires: 1) The "physical symptoms" dimension of the @entity8 Questionnaire; 2) A measure of @entity148 (STAI); 3) A measure of @entity308 (Beck @entity308 Inventory and Cognitive @entity308 Index); and 4) The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). RESULTS: The most frequent and severe symptoms were tiredness, @entity111 , thirst, bone and joint @entity158 and @entity25 . The severity of the symptoms was positively associated with female sex, and the presence of clinically relevant degrees of @entity308 . A quarter of the @entity1 were anxious and almost half of them suffered from @entity308 . @entity132 were associated with the severity of somatic symptoms and comorbidity. Only @entity148 and @entity308 were significantly associated with the global NHP score; they explained 47% of its variance. A score of 50 or more in the "Emotional Reactions" dimensions with the NHP detected 69% of the @entity1 with @entity148 and 81% of those with @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: Somatic symptoms are common among @entity1 on @entity102 and they appear to be associated with @entity147 ( @entity148 and @entity308 ) that influences significantly the perceived health status. Measuring the perceived health status by means of generic and specific questionnaires, may help to establish the diagnosis of these problems.

title: [Physical symptoms and emotional disorders in XXXX on a periodic hemodialysis program].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'anxiety and/or depression']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional disturbances']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'chronic hemodialysis']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goals of the study were to evaluate the operative and late mortality associated with the Fontan procedure in @entity1 with @entity1146 and an @entity12043 and to obtain follow-up information on the current clinical status of surviving @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Between 1979 and October 1, 1995, 40 @entity1 with the @entity154 had a nonfenestrated Fontan procedure performed at the Mayo Clinic. Because there are no previously published reports involving a series of this size in which the Fontan approach was used for this condition, a review of @entity1 outcomes was thought to be of value. METHODS: The medical records of the 40 @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively, and 34 were determined to be alive. The status of the survivors as of late 1995 was then ascertained by direct examination, questionnaire or telephone follow-up. RESULTS: There were three operative deaths and three late deaths. The current ages of the 34 survivors ranged from 4 to 30 years (median 13). Thirty-three of the 34 survivors were thought to be in New York Heart Association functional class I or II, and all but three of these @entity1 , of school age or older, were either full-time students or working full time. The three adults who were not employed thought they were capable of working but were not doing so because of socioeconomic reasons. More than half of the @entity1 were not receiving cardiovascular medications. CONCLUSIONS: These overall gratifying early and late results encourage continued application of this operation for appropriately selected @entity1 with this complex @entity854 .

title: The Fontan procedure for XXXX with @entity12043 : operative and late results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12043 :: ('MESH:C562832', 'Disease') :: ['intact ventricular septum']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiovascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['pulmonary atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) binds to leukocyte adhesion receptors @entity1453 and @entity1454 , and mediates leukocyte adhesion to target structures. During acute rejection there is increased expression of @entity2071 in vascular and tubulointestial cells, and consequently accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes. Soluble @entity2071 (sICAM-1) is released from @entity2071 expressing cells and excreted into the surrounding fluid. Increased serum sICAM-1 levels are found in @entity1 with acute rejections of various allografts, and high urinary levels in @entity134 resistant acute kidney allograft rejection. METHODS: Urinary excretion of sICAM-1 was measured by EIA in 136 kidney allograft recipients during the first 1-6 post transplant weeks: 30 @entity1 developed acute rejection, and 106 @entity1 had stable graft function. The molecular weight, binding to hyaluronan, and the origin of urinary sICAM-1 were studied. RESULTS: We show that urinary sICAM-1 circulates as a monomer with a molecular weight between 50 and 100 kD. It binds to immobilized, but not to circulating hyaluronan. About one week after transplantation the mean sICAM-1/ @entity1011 ratio (306 ng/mmol) in transplanted @entity1 was higher than in the healthy controls (167 ng/mmol, P<0.01), and remained basically unchanged during the follow-up in @entity1 with stable graft function, whereas it increased in @entity1 developing rejection, being about 2.5-fold above the initial level a few days before rejection (P<0.01). Urinary sICAM-1 did not correlate with the urinary albumin, whereas in @entity1 developing rejection it correlated with urinary @entity2902 (r=0.5146, P<0.001), a marker of lymphocyte activation. In the urinary sediment of rejecting @entity1 @entity2071 was demonstrated in the tubular epithelial cells, and in the macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: Increased urinary excretion of sICAM-1 was demonstrated in kidney transplanted @entity1 a few days before acute rejection. It seems to originate from activated macrophages and/or from the tubular epithelial cells. The fact that urinary sICAM-1 is not bound to hyaluronan or to leukocytes suggests that it is not able to compete with membrane-bound @entity2071 for these bindings, but may do so for the binding of activated macrophages.

title: Soluble XXXX (sICAM-1) after kidney transplantation: the origin and role of urinary sICAM-1?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'Intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Predicting @entity955 is a tremendous challenge. Only few studies have included 24h-Holter monitoring characteristics to predict @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ). OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to define simple predictors for @entity4536 . METHODS: The study population included 468 @entity1 undergoing Holter for any cause. After excluding 169 @entity1 for history of AF prior to or during the Holter monitoring period, 299 @entity1 were assessed for incidence of @entity4536 . RESULTS: Age at inclusion was 62.5  18years (53.5% male). After a median follow up of 39.1 [IQI 36.6-40] months, the incidence of @entity4536 was 10.4%. With univariate analysis, age, @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity712 / @entity296 , left ventricle ejection fraction  <=50%, left atrium diameter >= 40mm, CHA2DS2 VASc >= 4, premature @entity11706 (PAC) >= 0.2%, and PR interval were associated with @entity4536 . With multivariate analysis, age (HR 1075; p=0.001 per year), presence of @entity712 / @entity296 (HR 6,16; p<0.001), PAC>= 0.2% (HR 3,32; p=0.003) and PR interval (HR 1.011; p=0.006 per millisecond) were independent predictors for @entity4536 . Those predictors were used to create a risk calculator for @entity4536 , which was validated in an independent cohort of 200 consecutive @entity1 with similar baseline characteristics. This new tool resulted in good discrimination capacity calculated by the C index for @entity4536 prediction: Area under curve (AUC) (95% CI) 0.794 (0.714-0.875) at 2years and 0.794 (0.713-0.875) at 3years. CONCLUSIONS: Simple clinical, ECG and Holter monitoring parameters are able to predict @entity4536 in a broad population and may help guide more rigorous monitoring for @entity955 .

title: Simple predictors for new onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial complexes']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['NOAF', 'new onset AF']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Six @entity1 with superficially invasive squamous @entity8376 are described. All @entity1 meet recently proposed criteria for the diagnosis of microinvasive @entity189 . The depth of invasion measured from the surface was less than 2.5 mm. There was no lymph-vascular space involvement. The invasive foci arose within a field of @entity189 in situ. Five of these six @entity1 had previously been treated for @entity3 with pelvic radiation from 82 to 246 months before the diagnosis of @entity189 . All but one @entity1 had the @entity189 confined to the upper one-third of the @entity8376 . All @entity1 were treated with a single vaginal radium application following vaginectomy. One of these six @entity1 expired from recurrent @entity5 35 months following diagnosis. During the same 17-year period, 17 other cases of Stage I epidermoid @entity8376 were treated which did not meet the above criteria for microinvasion. There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups with regard to age at diagnosis, history of @entity5 , hysterectomy, or pelvic radiation or in survival. Additional experience with early @entity189 is needed before microinvasive @entity8376 should be accepted as a distinct clinical entity.

title: Superficially invasive @entity8376 following treatment for XXXX : a report of six cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'vaginal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the vagina', 'cancer of the vagina', 'vagina']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The febrile reaction is a complex response involving immunologic and other physiologic systems. Antipyretics are commonly used in @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity221 . We investigated the inflammatory responses following application of antipyretic therapy in febrile @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective, randomized controlled study, @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity221 (T   >=    38.3  C), @entity1850 diagnosed within 24 hours of @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) admission and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score >= 10 were randomized into two groups. Upon appearance of @entity221 , one group received intravenous @entity1443 650   mg every 6 hours for 10   days and other group received no treatment unless temperature reached 40  C. Body temperature, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, length of @entity1213 stay, @entity1213 mortality and infectious complications were recorded. Levels of @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ), @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity5 Factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (HS-CRP) were assessed at baseline and 2, 6 and 24 hours after intervention. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: During a period of 15-month screening, 20 @entity1 met the criteria and randomized to the control or @entity1443 group. Body temperature decreased significantly in the @entity1443 group (p   =   0.004) and control group (p   =   0.001) after 24 hours, but there was no significant difference between two groups at this time point (p   =   0.649). Levels of @entity650 and @entity688 decreased significantly (p   =   0.025 and p   =   0.047, respectively) in the @entity1443 group at 24 hours but this was not of statistical significance in control group. No patterns over time in each group or differences across two groups were found for HS-CRP, @entity310 , and @entity1192 (p   >   0.05). There were no differences regarding @entity1213 length of stay, mortality and infectious complications between both groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that antipyretic therapy may not be indicated in all @entity1213 @entity1 . Allowing @entity221 to take its natural course does not appear to have detrimental effects on @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity1850 and may avoid unnecessary expenses.

title: Randomized trial of the effect of intravenous XXXX on inflammatory biomarkers and outcome in febrile @entity3124 adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['Intensive Care Unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['SIRS', 'Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']