abstract: UNASSIGNED: We do not know the natural history of @entity1282 in classical @entity6694 ( @entity6694 ) by stage or age. This study investigated swallowing physiology in 23 females ages 1:7 to 5:8 (years, months) with classical @entity6694 to determine common and distinguishing features of @entity1282 in post-regression early Pseudostationary Stage III. In-depth analysis of videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) found @entity4423 of oral stage events across subjects implicating @entity1742 . Impaired motility was further compromised by recurrent @entity910 that co-occurred with @entity1742 during oral ingestion in 78  % (n  =  18) of the subjects with @entity6694 . Of this group, 44  % displayed rocking and/or rolling lingual pattern, 56  % had recurrent oral tongue retroflexions, and/or elevated posturing of the tongue tip, and, 72  % displayed multi-wave oropharyngeal transfer pattern. The proportion of subjects whose swallowing motility was disrupted by aberrant @entity2358 movements did not differ significantly between bolus types (liquid, puree, and solid) trialed. Liquid ingestion was significantly more efficient in subjects using bottles with nipples than their counterparts who used spouted or straw cups. Dystonic and @entity910 disrupted liquid ingestion in subjects using cups with spouts or straws significantly more than those using bottles. Analysis of food ingestion revealed that significantly more subjects were able to orally form, transport, and transfer a puree bolus into the pharynx than they were a solid bolus. A significantly larger number of subjects aspirated and penetrated liquid than they did puree or solid. No significant relationship was found between subjects with airway contamination and those with @entity3520 and @entity910 . Subjects' rocking and rolling lingual patterns were consistent with those evidenced in adults with @entity191 . Subjects' tongue retroflexions were classified as provisionally unique to @entity6694 . VFSS pre-planning, fluoroscopic procedures, and therapeutic strategies specific to this specialty population were derived.

title: Co-occurrence of @entity3520 Movements with XXXX in Post-regression @entity1282 in Classical Rett Syndrome Years of Life 1 Through 5.

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary tongue']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['RTT', 'Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic and dyskinetic movements', 'dyskinetic tongue movements']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['oral apraxia']

answer: @entity1742 :: (MESH:D001072,Disease) :: ['Oral Apraxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity3794 , a reticular pattern on CT scans of the lungs correlates with histologic findings of @entity82 , whereas a ground-glass pattern has been reported to correlate with reversible @entity32 . The majority of @entity1 with @entity3794 have a ground-glass component visible on CT scans, but response to therapy is infrequent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the relative extents of ground-glass and reticular patterns by analyzing serial changes in these CT appearances. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Serial CT scans were analyzed in 56 @entity1 (21 with @entity2416 and 35 with @entity3794 associated with @entity785 ). The relative extents of ground-glass and reticular patterns were assessed on the initial CT scan. Overall extent of abnormal lung and distribution of disease on initial CT scans were also categorized. Changes in extent and appearance of disease were evaluated in paired anatomically comparable CT sections and assessed independently by two observers; the median interval between scans was 16 months. Serial changes on CT were examined in relation to the initial pattern, extent, and distribution of disease seen on CT scans and in relation to trends in results of concurrent pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: Changes in the extent of disease were due to regression of a ground-glass pattern in 18 @entity1 , an increase in a reticular pattern in nine @entity1 , and an increase in a ground-glass pattern in five @entity1 . A reticular pattern did not regress in any @entity1 . In treated @entity1 , diminution in extent of disease, shown as regression of a ground-glass pattern, was seen most frequently when a ground-glass pattern was the most extensive abnormality at initial scanning (p < .002), independent of extent or distribution of disease seen on CT scans and the type of @entity3794 . When a ground-glass pattern was associated with an equally extensive reticular pattern, the extent of disease diminished with therapy in a minority of @entity1 (5/13). Improvement in results of pulmonary function tests was associated with regression of a ground-glass pattern in the majority of @entity1 (8/11). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the prognostic significance of a ground-glass pattern depends on the extent of an associated reticular pattern and is independent of the extent and distribution of disease.

title: Serial CT in XXXX : prognostic significance of the initial pattern.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosing alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['fibrosing alveolitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The simultaneous occurrence of @entity1318 and @entity5845 is rare. Nevertheless, the surgical therapy of @entity5845 may be harmful, if undiagnosed @entity1318 were left untreated. We report the clinical presentation and response to treatment of @entity1318 in the context of @entity5845 . METHODS: From 1998 to 2002, 638 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity5845 . Preoperative upper gastrointestinal radiography was performed in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 had manometric confirmation of @entity1318 . The characteristic symptoms were recurrent episodes of regurgitation, chronic cough and aspiration. No @entity1 reported @entity1282 or recent weight loss. RESULTS: All @entity1 had a duodenal switch procedure and in two a concurrent Heller myotomy was added. The other @entity1 required a Heller myotomy after a duodenal switch had been performed, because the motility study was initially misinterpreted. All @entity1 reported gradual resolution of presenting symptoms after myotomy. CONCLUSIONS: A careful symptomatic history focusing on aspiration, regurgitation and cough may identify the unusual combination of @entity1318 and @entity5845 . Treatment of @entity5845 alone may lead to progression of @entity358 .

title: @entity1318 in the context of XXXX : a rare but important association.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary symptoms']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: @entity2071 ( @entity2071 or @entity2071 ) expression on epithelial cells (EC) has been demonstrated to play a role in the local molecular events of @entity32 following allergen-specific conjunctival challenge. In the light of these observations, we evaluated the possible expression of @entity2071 on nasal EC after allergen-specific challenge. Three groups of subjects were studied: (1) 14 symptomless @entity1 sensitized to mites, (2) 15 symptomless @entity1 sensitized to pollen, and (3) 10 healthy volunteers as controls. The study was performed during winter. At baseline we found that both pollinosic and healthy subjects did not express @entity2071 on epithelial cells, whereas mite-sensitive @entity1 showed a mild expression (possibly caused by a persistent natural allergen exposure). In addition, clinical and cellular responses were induced by lower allergen dosages in mite-sensitive @entity1 compared with pollen-sensitive @entity1 . @entity2071 was detectable in all the @entity56 @entity1 but not in the control subjects 30 min after challenge. At 6 h all @entity1 showed a marked inflammatory infiltration and @entity2071 persistence on EC: such an infiltration was more relevant in @entity1 developing clinical late-phase reaction (LPR). Finally, 24 h after challenge EC @entity2071 expression persisted, as well as a cellular infiltrate mainly caused by eosinophils (the latter being more pronounced in mite-sensitive individuals). @entity2071 should be regarded as an early and sensitive marker of @entity32 in both LPR-positive and LPR-negative @entity1 . A cellular inflammatory infiltrate was detectable in both LPR-positive and LPR-negative subjects, although relevant differences in eosinophil counts were observed between the two groups. The study emphasizes the importance of the different events of @entity32 in @entity566 .

title: Allergen-specific challenge induces @entity2071 ( @entity2071 or XXXX ) on nasal epithelial cells in @entity56 subjects. Relationships with early and late inflammatory phenomena.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'Intercellular adhesion molecule 1', 'CD54']

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['CD54']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is the 2nd commonest cause of brain metastases (BM). This retrospective review investigates the applicability of prognostic scores and highlights different outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1722 positive compared to @entity549 ( @entity549 ) subtypes. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy four @entity1 received whole brain radiotherapy for @entity0 BM (01/2000-12/2011). The primary objective was to determine factors influencing @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). All information relevant to primary @entity0 , disease recurrence, treatment, outcome and cause of @entity204 (either neurological (NP) or systemic progression (SP)) were collected. Univariate (UV) and multivariate (MV) Cox regression analysis were used. RESULTS: One hundred and forty four @entity1 (53%) were ER positive, 104 (38%) @entity1722 positive and 57 (21%) @entity549 . Median age at BM was 53 (27-81) years and median @entity1349 from BM diagnosis 7.3 (5.7-8.9) months. On MV analysis, @entity1722 status, RPA score, surgery, stereotactic radiotherapy, and absence of @entity549 were independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 . NP was the cause of @entity204 in 69.2% of @entity1722 positive @entity1 and 17.3% had SP. Of the @entity549 @entity1 , 29.8% had NP and 54.4% SP (p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: A consistent @entity1349 advantage is noted for @entity1722 positive BM cases and inclusion of @entity0 subtype in the breast GPA score should improve the prognostic factors' sensitivity. The unique presentations, response to treatment and causes of @entity204 for @entity1722 positive @entity1 means more aggressive focal therapy should be considered and studied in the context of clinical trials. For @entity549 BM @entity1 with poor performance status, best supportive care may be appropriate.

title: XXXX metastases - A 12 year review of treatment outcomes.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['triple negative', 'TN', 'TN disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer brain']


abstract: @entity3631 utilization of human serum @entity69 (hTF)-bound @entity68 is an important pathogenicity determinant. The efficiency of this system would clearly be increased through preferential binding of diferric hTF over the @entity68 -free form. To characterize this process, functionally active meningococcal @entity69 -binding protein A (TbpA) and TbpB have been purified from @entity3631 using a novel purification procedure. The association of isolated Tbps and Tbps in the presence of hTF was investigated by gel filtration. Co-purified TbpA+B formed a complex of molecular mass 300 kDa which bound 1-2 molecules of hTF. Purified TbpA formed a complex of 200 kDa, indicating association as a dimer, whereas TbpB aggregated to form multimers of variable sizes. On recombining TbpA and TbpB, a stable complex of equivalent size to co-purified TbpA+B was formed. This complex may be composed of a single TbpA dimer and 1 molecule of TbpB. The technique of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to demonstrate clearly that TbpB of either high (85 kDa) or low (68 kDa) molecular-mass preferentially bound diferric hTF in comparison with @entity68 -free hTF. This selectivity was not observed with TbpA, but was found at low levels with co-purified TbpA+B. Individual TbpA and TbpB, recombined in a 1:1 molecular ratio, showed @entity68 -mediated discriminatory binding at an intermediate level. SPR was also used to show that TbpA and TbpB bound to distinct regions of hTF, and that prior saturation with TbpB reduced subsequent TbpA binding. The results demonstrated that hTF bound more TbpA than TbpB, with an approximate ratio of 2:1. We have demonstrated that in vitro, TbpA+B exists as a receptor complex composed of a TbpA dimer and one molecule of TbpB, and that TbpB selectively binds diferric hTF. We propose that, in vivo, TbpA and TbpB also exist as a receptor complex, with TbpB selectively binding diferric hTF, bringing it close to TbpA, the transmembrane component, where the ferric @entity68 can be transported to the periplasm.

title: XXXX -binding protein B isolated from @entity3631 discriminates between apo and diferric human @entity69 .

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis', 'N. meningitidis']

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['Transferrin']


abstract: @entity7864 ( @entity7864 ) is a chronic @entity358 caused by long-term inhalation of dust, which triggers inflammation of the alveoli, eventually resulting in irreversible lung damage. @entity7864 ranges in severity from simple to advanced; the most severe form is progressive massive @entity82 (PMF). @entity7864 is debilitating and often fatal. To prevent @entity7864 , the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 established the current federal exposure limit for respirable dust in underground and surface coal mines. The Act also established a surveillance system for assessing prevalence of @entity3673 among underground coal miners, but this surveillance does not extend to surface coal miners. With enforcement of the exposure limit, the prevalence of @entity7864 among underground coal miners declined from 11.2% during 1970-1974 to 2.0% during 1995-1999, before increasing unexpectedly in the last decade, particularly in Central Appalachia. Exposure to respirable dust is thought to be less in surface than underground coal miners. Although they comprise 48% of the coal mining workforce, surface coal miners have not been studied since 2002. To assess the prevalence, severity, and geographic distribution of @entity3673 among current surface coal miners, CDC obtained chest radiographs of 2,328 miners during 2010-2011 through the Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Forty-six (2.0%) of 2,257 miners with >1 year of surface mining experience had @entity7864 , including 37 who had never worked underground. Twelve (0.5%) had PMF, including nine who had never worked underground. A high proportion of the radiographs suggested silicosis, a disease caused by inhalation of crystalline @entity3440 . Surface coal mine operators should monitor worker exposures closely to ensure that both respirable dust and @entity3440 are below recommended levels to prevent @entity7864 . Clinicians should be aware of the risk for advanced @entity3673 among surface coal miners, in addition to underground coal miners, to facilitate prompt disease identification and intervention.

title: XXXX and @entity358 among surface coal miners--16 states, 2010-2011.

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['CWP', 'Advanced CWP', "Coal workers' pneumoconiosis"]

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['occupational lung disease']

answer: @entity3673 :: (MESH:D011009,Disease) :: ['Pneumoconiosis']


abstract: Little is known about the stability of @entity2858 cross-neutralizing responses. Taking into account the fact that neutralization breadth has been positively associated with plasma viral load, there is no explanation for the presence of broadly neutralizing responses in a group of @entity1 on treatment with undetectable @entity646 . In addition, the B-cell profile responsible for broadly cross-neutralizing responses is unknown. Here we studied the evolution of neutralizing responses and the B-cell subpopulation distribution in a group of @entity1 with broadly cross-reactive @entity2858 -neutralizing activity. We studied neutralization breadth evolution in a group of six previously identified broadly cross-neutralizing @entity1 and six control @entity1 during a 6-year period with a previously described minipanel of recombinant viruses from five different subtypes. B-cell subpopulation distribution during the study was also determined by multiparametric flow cytometry. Broadly cross-neutralizing activity was transient in four broad @entity2915 and stable, up to 4.6 years, in the other two. In four out of five broad @entity2915 who initiated treatment, a neutralization breadth loss occurred after @entity646 had been suppressed for as much as 20 months. B-cell subpopulation analyses revealed a significant increase in the frequency of naive B cells in broadly cross-reactive samples, compared with samples with less neutralization breadth (increased from 44% to 62%). We also observed a significant decrease in tissue-like and activated memory B cells (decreased from 19% to 12% and from 17% to 9%, respectively). Our data suggest that @entity2858 broadly cross-neutralizing activity is variable over time and associated with detectable @entity646 and partial B-cell restoration.

title: Evolution of broadly cross-reactive XXXX -neutralizing activity: therapy-associated decline, positive association with detectable @entity646 , and partial restoration of B-cell subpopulations.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-neutralizers']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity170 is important in the care of elderly @entity1 at risk of @entity130 . While pelvis computed tomography (CT) is accurate in the measurement of bone mineral density, axial skull CT has not previously been evaluated for this purpose. This study investigated whether data from axial skull CT scans can screen for @entity170 . METHODS: Bone density measurements were derived from digital analysis of routine scans of the head and pelvis using quantitative CT. The study took place from October 2010 to November 2011 at a medium-sized community hospital. The first study phase included @entity1 older than 18 years who had both a head and a pelvis CT scan within 30 days. The known diagnostic value for @entity170 on pelvis CT scans was used to derive a diagnostic value for head CT. The second study phase included adult @entity130 @entity1 who underwent noncontrast head CT during an initial @entity130 evaluation. A subgroup analysis was performed during Phase II on @entity1 older than 65 years to identify the incidence of @entity174 as it is affected by age and bone mineral density. RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that head CT was able to identify @entity170 with a sensitivity of 0.70, a specificity of 0.81, and an accuracy of 0.76 compared with pelvic CT. Of 261 @entity130 @entity1 , 54% had @entity79 based on axial skull CT criteria. @entity1 older than 65 years with a positive screen result for @entity170 on head CT were twice as likely to have a @entity174 . CONCLUSION: Analysis of data from head CT scans has the potential to provide a useful screen for @entity170 . Adding this analysis to CT scans performed for elderly @entity130 @entity1 could result in improved diagnosis and treatment of @entity170 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level II.

title: Screening for @entity170 after XXXX : A new approach using quantitative computed tomography of the skull.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Disturbance of anal continence is a well-known problem after vaginal delivery. However, only few and incongruent data on the incidence and pathogenesis of postpartum @entity322 are available. This study examined the effects of vaginal delivery on anal continence prospectively. METHODS: In 42 unselected @entity1 anal vector manometry and endoanal ultrasonography were performed, and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) and rectal sensibility were measured in the 32th week of pregnancy and 6 weeks after delivery. Continence was evaluated according to the Kelly-Holschneider score. @entity1 with occult sphincter defects were additionally followed-up 12 weeks after vaginal delivery. To exclude any effect of pregnancy alone ten @entity1 with elective cesarian section served as controls. RESULTS: Overall continence after vaginal delivery did not differ significantly from that before delivery, there was a significant reduction in postpartum anal squeeze and resting pressures in all @entity1 . Obstetric tears of grade III or IV occurred in 9% of the @entity1 . Endosonography revealed occult lesions of the internal and external anal sphincter in an additional 19% of @entity1 who clinically seemed to have an intact sphincter. Manometric results and continence in these @entity1 did not differ significantly from those with intact sphincter and remained unchanged after 12 weeks. PNTML and rectal sensibility were not affected by vaginal delivery. After cesarian section there were no changes in continence, anal pressures, rectal sensibility, or PNTML. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal delivery leads to direct mechanical trauma to the anal sphincters, while stretch and distension of the pudendal nerve seem to be of minor importance. Only endoanal ultrasonography is suitable for detection of occult sphincter lesions.

title: Childbirth and XXXX : a prospective study on anal sphincter morphology and function before and early after vaginal delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Because urogenital @entity130 frequently raises the question of @entity458 , it is important to be able to relate the mechanism of @entity130 to expected examination findings. This study was undertaken to characterize the @entity130 that results from straddling and correlate such injuries with the history, examination, and @entity1 characteristics. The charts of 100 @entity1 examined in an urban pediatric emergency department were reviewed; their conditions met the criteria of straddle @entity130 --a blow to the perineum as a result of falling or striking a surface or an object with the force of one's own body weight. Ages ranged from 9 to 187 months (mean, 77.9; median, 67.2); 72% were female. Most injuries were minor lacerations and abrasions of the genitalia. Eleven percent had @entity130 to the posterior fourchette. Hymenal and @entity130 were primarily caused by penetrating mechanisms. Five @entity1 who presented with a history of straddling subsequently received the diagnosis of @entity458 based on disclosure by the @entity1 or a witness and inconsistency of physical findings. There were no urethral or perianal injuries resulting from nonpenetrating straddle mechanisms. Straddle injuries include a variety of mostly minor @entity130 . Perianal, hymenal, or vaginal @entity130 suggests a penetrating mechanism, either unintentional or from @entity458 . An investigation for @entity458 should be initiated in the following cases: @entity1 younger than 9 months of age; perianal, hymenal, or @entity130 ; extensive or severe @entity130 ; concurrent @entity130 ; and whenever there is lack of correlation between history and physical findings.

title: The interpretation of urogenital findings in XXXX with straddle injuries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse', 'sexual assault']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital injuries', 'vaginal injury', 'vaginal injuries', 'nonurogenital injuries', 'trauma', 'injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Mentation during sleep states is thought to originate in an activation of brain circuits that encode inherited and experiential memories. Spontaneous degradation of the strengths of synapses occurs in all brain circuits because of "turnover" of molecules essential for synaptic function. In circuits employed frequently during waking, synaptic strengths are refreshed and maintained in their dedicated or functional ranges largely through use, by virtue of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. In circuits employed infrequently during waking, synaptic strengths are refreshed largely during sleep, by circuit activations induced by spontaneous, self-generated, largely low-frequency brain waves, also by virtue of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. The outputs of circuits activated during sleep do not necessarily rise to the level of 'unconscious' awareness. Such an absence of awareness of the outputs of individual circuits, that is, an absence of dreaming, is proposed to be the primitive condition in animals that sleep. On the other hand, temporal binding of these outputs is accompanied by the thoughts and perceptions of dreams, which is proposed to be the advanced condition. Linking or serial ordering of otherwise 'static' thoughts and perceptions gives rise to continuous, often narrative and veridical, dreams. In all cases, @entity11168 contents are derived from the memories--not necessarily veridical--encoded in the reinforced circuitry. In the absence of synaptic strength refreshments during sleep, synaptic strengths in infrequently used circuits would weaken and the circuits would become incompetent, with their encoded memories degraded or lost. Maintenance of synaptic strengths in infrequently used circuitry during sleep apparently does not always achieve perfection. Weakened synapses begin to occur in circuits in appreciable numbers in @entity1 after the age of about 5 years. When these 'incompetent' circuits (with weakened synapses) are activated during sleep, there are minimal influences on @entity11168 contents, namely, distortions that make some objects, such as animals, faces, and scenes, unrecognizable. As weakened synapses increase in numbers with age, the numbers of distorted objects in dreams also increase. In adults, @entity1 in as many as 80% of dreams may be unrecognizable. Besides the normal weakening of synaptic strengths, some synapses become defective, in consequence of deleterious, adventitious, exogenous influences, for example, radiation. As these faulty synapses accumulate in old memories, activation of circuits incorporating them during sleep leads to dreams with incoherent, bizarre, or impossible contents. The infrequent activation of such old, incompetent circuits in some waking conditions leads to false memories, delusions, or @entity1833 .

title: XXXX contents and failing memories.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

answer: @entity11168 :: (30818,Gene) :: ['Dream']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recurrent @entity2208 (RSA) is diagnosed if three or more @entity2208 follow each other typically in the first trimester. The root cause of miscarriages often can not be found. A significant proportion of this unexplained RSA cases may be caused by immunopathological failure. AIM: A multicentric clinical study started in 2000 to introduce an immunological screening protocol for @entity1 suffering in @entity7992 , and to use immunotherapy for their treatment if immunological background was defined. METHOD: The general checkup of the @entity1 was managed based upon a detailed protocol, with which non-immunopathological reasons for RSA were excluded. The unexplained RSA cases underwent an immunological checkup including cellular and humoral immunological, immunogenetic and autoimmune examinations. Based upon these parameters, the immunopathological background of RSA was certified or excluded. In the confirmed immunopathological cases intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy was applied during their next pregnancy, with continuous monitoring of the immunological parameters. RESULTS: 120 @entity1 with RSA were examined, and 32 of them got IVIG therapy during their next pregnancy. In 72% of cases (23/32) IVIG treatment for RSA with immunopathological alloimmune background was successful, with the outcome of healthy newborn. Of the 9 unsuccessful cases, in 6 @entity1 subsequently additional non-immunopathological reasons were diagnosed for their RSA. IVIG treatment of @entity1 with clear alloimmune background was successful in 88.5% (23/26). CONCLUSION: Results show that immunopathological checkup and immunotherapy is a useful treatment in the modern medicine for the @entity1 with unexplained RSA. However the success of this method depends on the adherence of the checkup protocol, because unsuccessful therapy of non-clear cases can reduce the efficiency.

title: [Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of recurrent XXXX with immunopathological background].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions', 'spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic habitual abortion']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['spontaneous abortion']


abstract: Sixty-two @entity1 who had been treated for three years in an ad-hoc, assertive treatment team for @entity1 who had suffered a first @entity716 were compared to sixty-two @entity1 who had been followed up after a first @entity716 in a community mental health team. All @entity1 had suffered a first or early @entity716 . The main differences between the two teams was that the ad-hoc team was assertive in its approach, offered more structured psycho-education, relapse prevention and psycho-social interventions, and had a policy of using atypical anti-psychotics at the lowest effective dose. There were many differences in outcome measures at the end of three years between the two groups. The EI @entity1 are more likely to be taking medication at the end of three years. They are more compliant with medication. They are more likely to be prescribed Atypical Medication. The EI @entity1 are more likely to have returned to Work or Education. The EI @entity1 are more likely to remain living with their families. They are less likely to suffer @entity308 to the extent of requiring anti-depressants. They appear to commit less suicide attempts. The @entity1 in the EI service also appear to be less likely to suffer relapse and re-hospitalisation, and are less likely to have involuntary admission to hospital. They have systematic relapse prevention plans based on Early Warning Signs. They and their families receive more psycho-education. These indications suggest that the EI @entity1 are at the end of three years better able to manage their illness/vulnerability on their own than the CMHT @entity1 . More @entity1 in the EI group stopped using illicit drugs than in the CMHT group. All the above changes were statistically significant except for the total improvement in employment status and education status, which however approached significance. These results suggest that an ad-hoc Early Intervention Team is more effective than standard Community Mental Health Team in treating @entity716 .

title: Three year outcomes of an early intervention for XXXX service as compared with treatment as usual for first @entity716 in a standard community mental health team - final results.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episode', 'psychotic illness']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2633 is a common complaint. Several treatment strategies have been described, but an optimal strategy has not been identified. Sonographic imaging as a predictive factor has never been studied. The aim of our study was to determine the value of sonographic findings in predicting response to conservative therapy for @entity2633 . This was done in a randomized controlled trial in which the effectiveness of a brace only, physical therapy only, and a combination of both were compared. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2633 were randomized. Sonography was performed before randomization in 57 @entity1 . Outcome measures at 6 weeks' follow-up were success rate and decrease in @entity158 (scale, 0-100). Data were analyzed using an intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: In only 75% of the imaged @entity1 , @entity854 were identified and the clinical diagnosis could thus be confirmed. The following entities were identified: hypo- and hyperechogenicity, swelling, @entity730 , @entity2585 , @entity627 , and @entity924 . The positive predictive value of sonography for the different entities varied between 0.78 and 0.82, and the negative predictive value ranged between 0.23 and 0.71. Predictive value was studied by subgroups of sonographic findings: hypoechoic, swelling present, @entity627 , any entity present, and no entity present. We found no significant differences among the subgroups for either success rate (range, 40-54%) or mean decrease in @entity158 (range, 16-28 percentage points). CONCLUSION: No predictive value of sonography for the detection of abnormalities was identified in this study. Its diagnostic capability showed limited value. However, limitations in this study necessitate drawing definitive conclusions with care.

title: The predictive value of diagnostic sonography for the effectiveness of conservative treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['enthesopathy']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['sonographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['tennis elbow complaints', 'Tennis elbow', 'tennis elbow']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['tennis elbow']


abstract: From February 2009 to September 2012, 15 @entity1 (13 males, 2 females; age range, 18-55 years) with the lower cervical @entity174 were treated at NRS Medical College, Kolkata. The @entity174 occurred in the following cervical segments: C5 (n = 8), C7 (n = 3), C4 (n = 2), and C6 (n = 2). Forteen @entity1 were associated with neurological deficit graded according to @entity73 scale. The time interval between Injury and operation was from 3 to 22 days. Eight @entity1 underwent anterior fusion with anterior locked-cervical plate fixation; 7 @entity1 underwent posterior fusion and the lateral mass screw fixation. During each follow-up clinical and radiological parameters were measured; bone fusion and internal fixation condition were observed by x-ray and the neurological recovery was measured by @entity73 scale. Follow-up duration was from 3 months to 30 months in different @entity1 which revealed fusion between vertebrae and significant neurological recovery. The fusion time was 4 to 6 months and there was also no instability of vertebrae or loosening of the internal fixation at 12 months. The selection of operative treatment of subaxial @entity130 depends upon neurological and radiological criteria. Both posterior and anterior surgical approaches are viable alternatives for treating subaxial spine injuries with different indication and risk profiles. In case of incomplete @entity16 there is significant improvement. Operative treatment certainly decreases the complications related to prolonged immobilisation in recovery phase by making the @entity1 mobile early.

title: Operative outcome of unstable lower cervical XXXX by lateral mass screw fixation or anterior plating.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture dislocation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ASIA impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spine injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture dislocation']


abstract: @entity1678 Ae6 had 2 morphologically distinctive kinds of pili. One appeared rigid and straight with a diameter of 9 nm (R-pili). The other appeared wavy and flexible with a diameter of 7 nm (W-pili). W-pili were very few on the cell as compared with R-pili. In this study, W-pili were purified and characterized. The pili consisted of a subunit protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDa as estimated by @entity214 -PAGE. There was no immunological cross-reaction between W-pili and other cellular components. The strain Ae6 and its purified W-pili adhered to @entity1 and @entity95 intestine and agglutinated @entity1 and @entity95 erythrocytes. Organisms pretreated with the Fab fraction of anti-pilus antibody failed to adhere to the intestine. Pretreatment of intestine with purified W-pili blocked adherence of the organisms to the intestine. These results suggest that the W-pili are the colonization factor of A. hydrophila Ae6.

title: Pili of an XXXX as a possible colonization factor.

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

answer: @entity1678 :: (644,Species) :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila strain']


abstract: @entity3505 genotype CSP44 carrying a recessive gene Lr48 exhibits adult plant resistance (APR; incompatible reaction) but gives a compatible reaction (susceptibility) at the seedling stage against leaf rust. A comparative gene expression analysis involving cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was carried out for incompatible and compatible reactions in the genotype CSP44. cDNA-AFLP analysis was conducted using RNA samples that were isolated from flag leaves following inoculation with leaf rust race 77-5 (the most virulent race) and also after mock inoculation. As many as 298 of a total of 493 expressed @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) exhibited differential expression (262 upregulated and 36 downregulated). Of these 298 @entity1949 , 48 @entity1949 were eluted from gels, re-amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Forty two of these 48 @entity1949 had homology with known genes involved in the following biological processes: energy production, metabolism, transport, signaling, defense response, plant-pathogen interaction, transcriptional regulation, translation, and proteolysis. The functions of the remaining six @entity1949 could not be determined; apparently, these represented some novel genes. The qPCR analysis for 18 @entity1949 (with known and unknown functions, but showing major differences in expression) was conducted using RNA isolated from the seedlings as well as from the adult plants. The expression of at least 11 @entity1949 was induced and that of 4 other @entity1949 attenuated or remained near normal in adult plants following leaf rust inoculations. The remaining three @entity1949 had non-specific/developmental stage-specific expression. Functional annotation of @entity1949 that were upregulated suggest that the APR was supported by transient recruitment and reprogramming of processes like perception and recognition of pathogen effector by receptors, followed by CDPK and MAPK signaling, transport, metabolism, and energy release.

title: Stage-specific reprogramming of gene expression characterizes Lr48-mediated adult plant leaf rust resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['transcript-derived fragments', 'TDFs']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: Autogenous bone is considered the optimal grafting material for sinus lifting, although its harvesting causes great @entity1 discomfort. Various approaches have been taken in order to obtain sinus lifting with preexisting tissue. However, because of the unsuitability of such tissue, additional materials have been required. Alternatively, biomaterials from @entity1 or other animals are used. In this study, the efficacy of using morphogenetic @entity291 bone protein (BMPb) to augment the maxillary sinus floor was examined. Four grafting materials were employed: lyophilized @entity291 bone powder, absorbable collagen flakes, natural @entity692 , and synthetic @entity692 . Two groups of @entity95 were studied. In one group, graft material only was used. In the other, graft material was combined with 0.5 mg BMPb. During 8 weeks of observation, polyfluorochrome tracers were injected in subcutaneous tissue to evaluate new bone- deposition periods. Following sacrifice, the samples were examined under fluorescent and light microscopes. Results indicated 33.34% more newly formed bone in BMPb animals than in controls. Graft-material resorption increased, but natural HA showed no significant alterations. The results show that the use of BMPb, although providing osteoinduction, might not promote sufficient bone formation. Nonetheless, this material could provide an alternative to autogenous grafts, thereby avoiding @entity1 discomfort.

title: Bone regeneration in XXXX sinus lifting associated with @entity291 BMP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylapatite']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 is one of the most @entity74 among @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 . Since @entity15 is an inflammatory disease and Boswellia papyrifera has anti-inflammatory effects, the influence of B. papyrifera on @entity73 in @entity15 @entity1 has been investigated in the present study. METHODS: In this clinical trial, 80 @entity15 @entity1 who referred to the clinic of Shafa Hospital, Kerman, Iran were selected. Having completed a written consent form, @entity1 with relapsing remitting @entity15 , with no occurrence of a new attack throughout 1 month before the study, with no pregnancy or breastfeeding entered the study. The @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups; then Brief International Cognitive Assessment for @entity15 (BICAMS) test was carried out. One group received B. papyrifera (capsule 300 mg, twice a day) while the other group received placebo with the same dose for 2 months. After 2 months of treatment, BICAMS was redone and changes were analyzed. The significant change value on the before-after BICAMS points were considered to be 8, 13, and 7 points for the symbol digit modality test (SDMT), the @entity4207 ( @entity4207 ), and the brief @entity227 test revised (BVMT-R), respectively. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' mean age was 36.58 8.50 years. The mean duration of disease was 7.41 4.13 years. About 84.2% (n = 64) of the @entity1 was female. In the BVMT-R, 13 @entity1 (34.2%), who had already taken B. papyrifera, were shown to have significant improvement compared to the placebo group with no improvement (P < 0. 001). About 12 and 8 @entity1 in the treatment and placebo groups in the SDMT, respectively (P = 0.200) and 17 and 12 @entity1 in the treatment and placebo groups in the @entity4207 , respectively (P = 0.170) had significant change values. CONCLUSION: B. papyrifera showed significant improvement in visuospatial memory, but had no effect on verbal memory and information processing speed.

title: Effect of Boswellia papyrifera on XXXX in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-spatial memory']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['CVLT', 'California verbal learning test']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['crucial disorders']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are several proven therapies for @entity1 with @entity385 or @entity63 ( @entity63 ), including prophylaxis of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and initiation of antithrombotic medications within 48 h and at discharge. @entity64 registries have been promoted as a means of increasing use of such interventions, which are currently underutilized. METHODS: From 1999 through 2003, 86 U.S. hospitals participated in Ethos, a voluntary web-based acute @entity64 treatment registry. Detailed data were collected on all @entity1 admitted with a diagnosis of @entity63 or @entity385 . Rates of optimal treatment (defined as either receipt or a valid contraindication) were examined within each hospital as a function of its length of time in registry. Generalized estimating equations were used to adjust for @entity1 and hospital characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 16,301 @entity1 were discharged with a diagnosis of @entity64 or @entity63 from 50 hospitals that participated for more than 1 year. Rates of optimal treatment during the first 3 months of participation were as follows: 92.5% for antithrombotic medication within 48 h, 84.6% for antithrombotic medications at discharge, and 77.1% for @entity1150 prophylaxis. Rates for all treatments improved with duration of participation in the registry (p < 0.05), with the most dramatic improvements in the first year. CONCLUSION: In a large cohort of @entity1 with @entity64 or @entity63 , three targeted quality-improvement measures improved among hospitals participating in a disease-specific registry. Although the changes could be attributed to interventions other than the registry, these findings demonstrate the potential for hospital-level interventions to improve care for @entity1 with @entity64 and @entity63 .

title: Duration of hospital participation in a nationwide XXXX registry is associated with improved quality of care.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe insertion on the endotracheal @entity551 ( @entity551 ). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Single standing, not-for-profit pediatric hospital. @entity1 : A total of 80 pediatric @entity1 (aged 6 days to 18.4 years) who underwent cardiac surgery and intraoperative TEE. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Following anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation, the @entity551 was recorded at 4 points: before the insertion of the TEE (P1), at TEE insertion (P2), during TEE examination (P3), and after the probe was advanced into the stomach (P4). Twenty @entity1 were enrolled in each of the following age groups:<1 year of age; 1-4 years of age; 5-8 years of age; and 9-18 years of age. @entity551 was compared between pairs of time points using paired t-tests, and differences in @entity551 over time were compared among age groups using repeated-measures analysis of variance. @entity551 at @entity40637 was 18.7  11.6, 26.7  14.4, 22.3  12.4, and 20.6  12.6 cm @entity4358 , respectively. Although @entity551 significantly increased from P1 to P2 (p<0.001), there was no significant difference between @entity40637 (95% CI; -0.3 to 4.1; p = 0.083). There was no significant difference in @entity551 change based on the age of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Following a transient increase in @entity551 with TEE probe insertion, the @entity551 returned to baseline after the tip of the TEE probe was advanced into the stomach. There was no variation among age groups in the magnitude of the @entity551 change during the study.

title: The Effect of Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe Placement on Intracuff Pressure of an Endotracheal Tube in @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'cuff pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Background. @entity4350 was in Europe approved for treatment of metastatic soft tissue @entity242 (STS) in 2007 based on results of a phase II study with relatively few @entity1 . The purpose of this nationwide retrospective study was to assess efficacy and safety of using trabectedin in the entire unselected cohort of @entity1 with @entity3 and to test known, as well as new prognostic factors that may affect overall survival (OS). @entity1 and methods. Between January 2008 and April 2013, 117 @entity1 were treated with trabectedin for @entity3 in the three specialized @entity242 centers in Denmark. Known prognostic factors such as age, gender and performance status, the histopathology as well as other new factors such as response to previous chemotherapy and @entity2753 were tested. Results. Median age was 59 years. Lipo- and leiomysosarcomas (L-sarcomas) represented 43% of the cases and 18% had @entity2753 before the start of trabectedin. The median number of previous lines of chemotherapy was two (range 0-6) and the median number of chemotherapy cycles given before trabectedin was nine (range 0-85). The median number of trabectedin cycles was three (range 1-17). The median OS for the whole cohort was seven months. Poor performance status, @entity3257 , and @entity2753 were statistically significant adverse prognostic factors with median survival of: 4, 5, and 2 months compared to 9, 12 and 13 months, respectively. Moreover, having achieved clinical benefit [complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or @entity66 ( @entity66 )] from previous chemotherapy was a favorable prognostic factor for response to trabectedin. In multivariate analysis @entity2753 was the only independent significant poor prognostic factor affecting OS. Conclusions. This retrospective study confirmed the previously published safety and efficacy of trabectedin in @entity1 with @entity3 and showed @entity2753 to be a strong independent statistically significant poor prognostic factor.

title: The Danish experience with XXXX treatment for @entity3 : Importance of @entity2753 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4350 :: ('MESH:C099150', 'Chemical') :: ['Trabectedin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-L-sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity4350 :: (MESH:C099150,Chemical) :: ['trabectedin']


abstract: Recent studies have shown the mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA are altered in @entity11 , studied either as primary tissues or in culture. Few studies have been performed which evaluate the mitochondria during the development of @entity66 . We used an @entity330 ( @entity331 ) in vitro model to assess the changes in mitochondrial parameters with progression to astrocyte transformation. When compared to the untreated control cells mitochondrial mass of the ENU treated cells significantly decreased ontologically early with concurrent increase in mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. At successive divisions, the degree of spontaneous apoptosis during astrocyte transformation was significantly diminished in the ENU treated cells. With 24 h pre- and co-treatment of ENU cells with @entity1792 , an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase, the astrocytes still became immortal, but did not manifest any of the mitochondrial changes nor acquire the transformed properties of the ENU treated cells without the inhibition. Indeed, the degree of apoptosis noted in these dually treated cells was increased, associated with a loss of anchorage independence and low density growth. Transformed subclones exposed to @entity1792 after the development of malignant properties also exhibited increased apoptosis, and did not form colonies in low density plating conditions. These results suggest that the development of transformed properties in an ENU model is associated with marked hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and diminished spontaneous apoptosis. Exposure to @entity1792 attenuated these mitochondrial changes and in vitro growth properties, with increases in apoptosis. The development of transformed astrocytes involve constraints on apoptosis related to alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential and mass.

title: XXXX transformed astrocytes exhibit mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and constrained apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial malignancy']

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

answer: @entity330 :: (MESH:D005038,Chemical) :: ['Ethyl-nitrosourea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Developing drugs that can effectively block @entity4104 activation may serve as one of the most promising strategy for @entity5 treatment. Currently, there is no putative @entity4104 inhibitor that can be safely and effectively used in clinic. In the present study, we investigated the potential of @entity8185 ( @entity4601 ) as a putative @entity4104 inhibitor and its antitumor activities in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). The inhibitory effects of @entity4601 on @entity4104 activation along with its underlying mechanisms were studied in @entity213 cells. The antitumor effects of @entity4601 against @entity213 cells were explored both in vitro and in vivo. An investigation on cooperative effects of @entity4601 with @entity900 in killing @entity213 cells was also implemented. @entity4601 exhibited remarkable and specific inhibitory effects on @entity4104 activation via selectively blocking @entity4016 / @entity4104 signaling. Besides, @entity4601 significantly inhibited @entity213 growth both in vitro and in vivo possibly through induction of apoptosis and attenuation of cell migration. @entity4601 also synergized with @entity900 in @entity5 inhibition in @entity213 cells. Our findings demonstrate that @entity4601 is a putative @entity4104 inhibitor that may represent a new and effective drug for @entity5 treatment and therapeutic sensitization in @entity213 @entity1 .

title: @entity8185 as a Putative @entity4104 Inhibitor, Suppresses the Growth of XXXX by Targeting @entity4016 / @entity4104 Signaling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of distally pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flaps and reverse island flaps with sural nerve and blood supplying vessels on repairing @entity4034 and soft tissue defects at distal region of leg and foot. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity4034 and soft tissue defects at distal region of leg and foot hospitalized from March 2008 to December 2010. Among them, 7 @entity1 suffered from @entity4432 and soft tissue defects at the distal end of tibia, 1 @entity1 suffered from @entity6275 and chronic @entity1066 in the posterior aspect of achilles tendon, 4 @entity1 suffered from @entity4432 , soft tissue defects, and exposure of internal fixator in the lateral aspect of calcaneus. After debridement, soft tissue defect sizes ranged from 4 cm 2 cm to 13 cm 9 cm, and bone defect sizes ranged from 3.0 cm 3.0 cm 3.0 cm to 6.0 cm 3.0 cm 4.0 cm. The distally pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flaps with size ranging from 11 cm 3 cm to 16 cm 4 cm were used to fill the wound cavities of @entity79 , and reverse island flaps with sural nerve and blood supplying vessels with size ranging from 5 cm 3 cm to 14 cm 10 cm were used for the repair of soft tissue defects. @entity1912 donor sites were closed by direct suture or skin grafting. RESULTS: Muscle flaps and flaps survived in 11 cases, and the wounds healed well. @entity39 appeared in @entity1912 and muscle @entity1912 at the distal end in one @entity1 , which was repaired with posterior tibial artery perforator myocutaneous @entity1912 . @entity1 were followed up for 6 to 24 months. @entity4034 did not recur, and both the texture and shape of flaps were satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The distally pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flaps and reverse island flaps with sural nerve and blood supplying vessels are suitable for the repair of @entity4034 and soft tissue defects at distal region of leg and foot. The operation is simple, safe, reliable, and easy to perform.

title: [Treatment of XXXX and soft tissue defects at distal region of leg and foot by pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flaps and reverse island flaps with sural nerve and blood supplying vessels].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic osteomyelitis']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: Protistan parasites in order to ensure their viability and demonstrate successful progression in their life cycle need to respond towards various environmental stressors. @entity8184 sp. is known to be the most commonly found intestinal protistan parasite in any @entity1 stool surveys and has been incriminated to be responsible for @entity294 and bloating stomach. The present study demonstrates for the first time the presence of @entity2285 in subtypes of @entity8184 sp. when the cultures were subjected to temperature of 39 and 41   C where the growth of parasites was reduced to a minimum to majority being granular forms. The growth of parasites exposed to higher temperatures however doubled compared to the controls when the parasites were re-cultured back at 37   C. Upon thermal stress at 41   C, subtype 3 and subtype 5 isolates' growth reached up to 2.97 * 10(6) and 3.05 * 10(6) cells/ml compared to their respective controlled culture tubes at 37   C which peaked only at 1.34 * 10(6) and 1.70 * 10(6) cells/ml respectively. The designed primer set that amplified @entity8184 sp. subtype 7 @entity2285 gene in subtypes 1, 3 and 5 was against a conserved region. The gene was amplified at 318 bp. The multiple sequence alignment showed that the targeted sequence length ranges from 291-295 bp. The pair wise alignment result showed that the sequence identity among the four sequence ranges from 88% to 96%. These findings were further evidenced by the up regulation of @entity2285 gene in thermal stressed isolates of subtype 3 and 5 at 41   C. Higher number of granular forms was significantly found in thermal stressed isolates of subtype 3 and 5 which implicates that this life cycle stage has a role in responding to thermal stress.

title: Identification and characterisation of heat shock protein 70 in thermal stressed XXXX sp.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8184 :: ('MESH:D016776', 'Disease') :: ['Blastocystis']

answer: @entity8184 :: (MESH:D016776,Disease) :: ['Blastocystis']


abstract: The ipsilateral approach for the @entity5 -dominant or amblyopic side in surgery of @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) frequently requires manipulation of the optic nerve and unroofing of the optic canal, which results in postoperative @entity227 . We suggest a contralateral approach and discuss the benefits with respect to the postoperative visual outcome. Between 2005 and August 2011, 24 @entity1 with @entity1653 underwent surgical resection via the contralateral approach. The contralateral approach accesses the @entity5 from the opposite side of the @entity5 -dominant or amblyopic side. Using this technique, the @entity5 was separated from the noncompromised optic nerve with only internal debulking. The @entity5 was dissected from the optic nerve without manipulation of the compromised optic nerve under the direct view of the inferomedial aspect of the optic nerve. The @entity5 that extended into the optic canal could be removed easily via dural unroofing of the medial wall of the optic canal. Seventeen @entity1 (70.8 %) were improved, 6 (25 %) were unchanged, and 1 (4.2 %) worsened on visual acuity of the affected eye. Fifteen (62.5 %) were improved, 8 (33.3 %) were unchanged, and 1 @entity1 (4.2 %) worsened on @entity2194 . However, @entity227 of the nonaffected eye was developed in one (4.2 %) and three @entity1 (12.5 %), respectively. Surgical approach-related @entity227 was developed on two @entity1 (8.3 %). The contralateral approach reduces manipulation of the involved optic nerve and directly visualizes the inferomedial aspect of the compromised optic nerve which could result in improvement of postoperative visual outcomes.

title: The contralateral subfrontal approach can simplify surgery and provide favorable visual outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual aggravation', 'visual field defect', 'deterioration of visual acuity and visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect of the affected eye']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['TSMs', 'tuberculum sellae meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['tuberculum sellae meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment for @entity2012 decreases left ventricular (LV) mass, but it is not clear whether @entity67 is also reversible. With Doppler echocardiography, before and after effective therapy, we assessed the LV morphology and function of @entity1 with @entity2012 who were free of complications. METHODS: In 15 @entity1 with active @entity2012 (age range, 33.4 +/- 9.3 years), we compared LV Doppler echocardiographic indices, before and after transsphenoidal surgery or radiotherapy or before and after both procedures, noting a significant drop in plasma levels of @entity2124 (<2.0 ng/mL after oral @entity413 tolerance testing). @entity1 did not have arterial @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity1374 , or @entity453 . Occasionally, in this series, @entity1 had no symptoms of @entity712 , and @entity1 who underwent treatment with @entity1943 analog drugs were not included because they did not have a significant hormonal drop. The follow-up period after hormonal control was 2.7 +/- 1.7 years. We also studied 15 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and body surface area. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2012 compared with healthy control subjects had increased LV mass index, relative wall thickness, and deteriorated diastolic function. After therapy, most of the abnormalities improved: LV mass index (104 +/- 21 g/m(2) x 87 +/- 21 g/m(2); P <.01), LV relative wall thickness (0.40 +/- 0.06 x 0.35 +/- 0.04; P <.01), proto/telediastolic transmitral peak flow velocity ratio (1.17 +/- 0.33 x 1.49 +/- 0.34; P <.001), and isovolumetric relaxation period (126 +/- 18 ms x 113 +/- 13 ms; P <.05). CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity2012 in @entity1 without clinical @entity712 improves both LV morphology and diastolic function. Avoidance of progression to more advanced forms of @entity296 should be possible.

title: Treatment of @entity2012 improves XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['acromegalic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine the association of 2 nonsynonymous @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) gene variants ( @entity57205 and @entity57206 ) with baseline plasma soluble @entity2071 concentrations and with risk of total and selected @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events in a prospective cohort of 23 014 apparently healthy white American @entity1 followed for 10 years. @entity2071 variations have been associated with plasma soluble @entity2071 concentrations and inflammatory conditions, including @entity731 . However, to date, no large prospective, genetic-epidemiological data set is available that would allow evaluation of the degree of association of these gene variants with risk of @entity65 . METHODS: @entity2071 genotypes and baseline plasma soluble @entity2071 concentrations were determined. The primary outcome measure was a composite @entity65 end point (incident @entity385 , @entity583 , or @entity204 due to @entity65 ); other measures were incident @entity385 , @entity583 , and coronary revascularization. During follow-up, 751 total incident @entity65 events, 187 incident @entity583 cases, 203 incident @entity385 cases, and 433 coronary revascularization events occurred. RESULTS: All observed genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium across the whole sample population. We found baseline plasma soluble @entity2071 concentrations to be significantly reduced among carriers of Met56 allele (P<0.0001) and @entity534 241 allele (P<0.0001) as compared with the respective noncarriers of these variants. However, the polymorphisms tested and the respective haplotypes were neither associated with overall risk nor with risk with risk for selected @entity65 events regardless of whether analyses were adjusted for traditional @entity65 risk factors/confounders (all P values >0.10). CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective study, we found an association of the nonsynonymous gene variants tested with reduced baseline plasma soluble @entity2071 concentrations. However, no evidence was found for an association of the gene variants tested with the overall or selected @entity65 end points examined, suggesting that these variants may not add useful aids to current risk predictors for early assessment of cardiovascular events.

title: @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) @entity57205 and XXXX gene variants, plasma-soluble @entity2071 concentrations, and risk of incident cardiovascular events in 23,014 initially healthy white @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity57206 :: ('p|SUB|G|241|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly241Arg']

entities_list: @entity57205 :: ('p|SUB|K|56|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys56Met']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule 1', 'ICAM1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'ischemic CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity57206 :: (p|SUB|G|241|R,ProteinMutation) :: ['Gly241Arg']


abstract: Pancreas transplantation, when successful, is a reproducibly effective method to normalize glycemia without the use of exogenous insulin treatment in @entity1 with @entity6 . Success rates for combined pancreas and kidney transplantation are approximately 70%, and @entity1 survival rates are approximately 90% 1 yr postoperatively. Metabolic benefits of this procedure include normalization of levels of fasting plasma @entity413 and HbA1C. @entity413 -induced insulin secretion and intravenous @entity413 tolerance are normalized. Improvements are also observed in @entity413 recovery after insulin-induced @entity4053 and in glucagon secretion during @entity4053 . Pancreas transplantation is also associated with normalization of kidney structure and both motor and sensory nerve function. However, no benefits have been observed with regard to pancreatic polypeptide secretion, kidney function, and the retinal pathology of @entity6 . Pancreas transplantation has reached a point in its history where the operative technique and its ancillary medical therapy have been optimized. Improvement in the rates of success, morbidity, and mortality will probably depend on improvement in immunosuppressive drugs and the physical condition of the recipients themselves. The time is at hand when we need to carefully consider whether it is ethical and advisable to make pancreas transplantation available to individuals who have fewer @entity6 . Future studies of pancreas transplantation must incorporate more rigid experimental controls than have been used in the past to better assess the relative merits of this procedure.

title: Pancreas transplantation in XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'chronic complications of diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the application of Aspergilloglutamic peptidase (AGP) on porcine hemoglobin decolorization. AGP from fungus @entity11150 is identified to possess a high preference towards the @entity3793 residues. As @entity3793 residues in hemoglobin are known to coordinate the @entity1446 group within the globin molecule, we therefore hypothesized that incubating hemoglobin with a @entity3793 -specific protease would efficiently separate the non- @entity1446 peptides from the @entity1446 -enriched peptides with a minimum degree of hydrolysis. AGP-decolored porcine hemoglobin hydrolysates were assessed on their functional (for example, color, emulsification, foaming, and water binding) and sensory properties. The results were compared with commercially available blood-derived proteins (subtilisin-decolored hemoglobin hydrolysates and plasma protein). It was observed that AGP is able to effectively decolor hemoglobin. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased less than 3% using AGP to achieve 90% color reduction of hemoglobin, whereas a DH increase of more than 20% is needed using subtilisin. The AGP-decolored hemoglobin hydrolysates (AGP-Hb) possess good emulsification, foaming, and water binding properties, which are better or comparable with the plasma protein, and much better than the subtilisin-decolored hemoglobin hydrolysates (subtilisin-Hb). The model canned meat with addition of AGP-Hb showed the highest value in @entity3358 , springiness, and chewiness from the texture analysis. Furthermore, the canned meat with AGP-Hb was found to have a better sensory profile than the ones with addition of subtilisin-Hb and plasma protein.

title: Properties of Hemoglobin Decolorized with a XXXX -Specific Protease.

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

answer: @entity3793 :: (CHEBI:27570,Chemical) :: ['Histidine']


abstract: Screening for complications of @entity5 requires a tedious blind standardized protocol biopsies quadrant every 1 to 2cm depending on the morphology of the Barrett's epithelium (Protocol of Seattle). To achieve that biopsies targeted to areas suspicious of @entity1141 , a method of high sensitivity is required. Chromoendoscopy has been developed in this direction. @entity1543 combined with high resolution endoscopy and zooming represents an aid in the preparation of the oesophageal mucosa for visualization of suspicious anomalies. It is safe, cheap and easy to use. @entity1543 has proven its value in improving the visibility of the pit pattern. Several vital dyes have been tested, including @entity6693 , @entity654 and @entity1686 , with mixed results. The FICE(  ) and NBI(  ), immediate, reversible and attractive virtual chromoendoscopy techniques represent interesting tools for improving sensitivity in screening for @entity355 and its complications. Confocal endomicroscopy, which is similar as a "per-endoscopic real time histological examination", seems to be equally a promising technique in detection of @entity355 associated @entity5 . But these tools which are capable of improvement so far, have not proved their use on a large population. For this, the systematic biopsy protocol Seattle remains the "gold standard" in monitoring the @entity355 .

title: [Endoscopic technique in endobrachyoesophagus diagnosis: Chromoendoscopy and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ["neoplastic Barrett's oesophagus", 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['crystal violet']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity654 :: ('MESH:D007203', 'Chemical') :: ['indigo carmine']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive decline observed after radiotherapy (RT) for @entity1313 in long time survivors is attributed to radiation exposure of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). The potential of sparing capabilities for both structures by optimized intensity modulated stereotactic radiotherapy (IMSRT) is investigated. METHODS: @entity1313 were irradiated by stereotactic 3D conformal RT or IMSRT using m3 collimator optimized for @entity343 and for sparing of the conventional OARs (lens, retina, optic nerve, chiasm, cochlea, brain stem and the medulla oblongata). Retrospectively both hippocampi and SVZ were added to the list of OAR and their dose volume histograms were compared to those from two newly generated IMSRT plans using 7 or 14 beamlets (IMSRT-7, IMSRT-14) dedicated for optimized additional sparing of these structures. Conventional OAR constraints were kept constant. Impact of plan complexity and planning target volume ( @entity343 ) topography on sparing of both hippocampi and SVZ, conformity index (CI), the homogeneity index (HI) and quality of coverage (QoC) were analyzed. Limits of agreement were used to compare sparing of stem cell niches with either IMSRT-7 or IMSRT-14. The influence of treatment technique related to the topography ratio between @entity343 and OARs, realized in group A-D, was assessed by a mixed model. RESULTS: In 47 @entity1 CI (p  <=    0.003) and HI (p    <    0.001) improved by IMSRT-7, IMSRT-14, QoC remained stable (p    >=     0.50) indicating no compromise in radiotherapy. 90% of normal brain was exposed to a significantly higher dose using IMSRT. IMSRT-7 plans resulted in significantly lower biologically effective doses at all four neural stem cell structures, while contralateral neural stem cells are better spared compared to ipsilateral. A further increase of the number of beamlets (IMSRT-14) did not improve sparing significantly, so IMSRT-7 and IMSRT-14 can be used interchangeable. @entity1 with @entity5 contacting neither the subventricular zone nor the cortex benefit most from IMSRT (p    <    0.001). CONCLUSION: The feasibility of neural stem cell niches sparing with sophisticated linac based inverse IMSRT with 7 beamlets in an unselected cohort of @entity5 in relation to topographic situation has been demonstrated. Clinical relevance testing @entity2359 remains to be demonstrated.

title: Neural stem cell sparing by linac based intensity modulated stereotactic radiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intracranial tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4532 Background: The antifungal drug @entity2059 inhibits angiogenesis and Hedgehog signaling, and delays @entity5 growth in @entity19 @entity263 xenograft models. Unlike @entity3102 , it does not suppress adrenal @entity342 synthesis. METHODS: A phase II study of oral @entity2059 in @entity1 with chemo-na  ve mCRPC (30% @entity3102 -pretreated) was conducted in 4 PCCTC sites. @entity1 were randomized to low dose (LD) or @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) @entity2059 (200 or 600 mg/d) until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . The primary endpoint was PSA progression-free survival (PPFS) at 24 wk (PSA progression = 25% PSA rise above baseline/nadir; PCWG2 criteria); a 45% success rate in either arm was prespecified as constituting clinical significance. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) at 24 wk (progression = clinical/radiographic progression or @entity204 , but not rising PSA; PCWG2 criteria); median PFS; median PPFS; and max PSA decline. Exploratory outcomes were CTC enumeration, and analysis of serum @entity251 (T) and @entity2494 -S. RESULTS: The @entity2101 arm enrolled to completion (N=29), but the LD arm closed early (N=17) due to a prespecified futility analysis. After a median follow-up of 21.6 wk ( @entity2101 arm) and 11.9 wk (LD arm), 24/29 and 17/17 @entity1 were evaluable for the primary endpoint. Efficacy results are shown below. In addition, 3/5 @entity1 (60%) in the @entity2101 arm and 2/3 @entity1 (67%) in the LD arm with unfavorable (>= 5) CTCs at baseline converted to favorable (<5) CTC counts with treatment. @entity2059 did not reduce serum T or @entity2990 levels. Common @entity137 (>= 20%) were @entity1295 , @entity390 , @entity448 , @entity1910 , and @entity1371 / @entity101 / @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Only the @entity2101 arm met its primary endpoint. @entity2059 600 mg/d has single-agent activity in @entity1 with mCRPC that is not mediated by @entity342 suppression, and warrants further study. [Table: see text].

title: A noncomparative randomized phase II study of two dose levels of XXXX in @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 (mCRPC): A DOD/PCCTC trial.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['itraconazole']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a common complication of cardiac catheterization, reported to result in a 15% incidence of @entity810 . Convincing evidence supports the prophylactic use of prehydration and low volumes of contrast medium. Recently, the antioxidant @entity898 has been shown to have a potential preventive role. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that @entity898 prevents @entity8 . @entity1 undergoing cardiac catheterization with a serum @entity1011 >/= 1.5 mg/dl were prospectively randomized to receive @entity898 or placebo. A total of five doses of @entity898 600 mg b.i.d. or placebo was administered, commencing on the day of the procedure. All @entity1 were prehydrated with 0.45% saline and during the catheterization a nonionic low-osmolality contrast medium was used. Serum @entity1011 and @entity1133 were measured at 24, 48, and 72 hr postprocedure. A total of 43 @entity1 were studied. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of baseline characteristics, including baseline renal function. No adverse events were experienced with @entity898 treatment. Serum @entity1011 levels at 48 and 72 hr remained largely unchanged in the @entity898 group but continued to rise at 48 and 72 hr in the placebo group. By 72 hr, the incidence of @entity8 , defined as a 25% increase in baseline @entity1011 , was significantly lower in the @entity898 arm compared to placebo (5% for @entity898 vs. 32% for placebo; P = 0.046). In @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity8 undergoing cardiac catheterization, prophylactic treatment with oral @entity898 reduces the incidence of contrast-induced @entity8 .

title: Prophylaxis of contrast-induced @entity8 in XXXX undergoing coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'Contrast-induced nephropathy', 'renal impairment', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Germline mutations in @entity5345 or @entity2674 lead to a high lifetime probability of developing @entity5344 . These genes can also be involved in the development of @entity5 as somatic @entity5345 /2 pathogenic variants are found in some of these @entity5 . Since @entity1 with somatic BRCA pathogenic variants may benefit from treatment with @entity12874 polymerase inhibitors, it is important to be able to test for somatic changes in routinely available @entity5 samples. Such samples are typically @entity406 -fixed @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) tissue, where the extracted DNA tends to be highly fragmented and of limited quantity, making analysis of large genes such as @entity5345 and @entity2674 challenging. This is made more difficult as somatic changes may be evident in only part of the sample, due to the presence of normal tissue. METHODS: We examined the feasibility of analysing DNA extracted from FFPE @entity5344 tissue to identify significant DNA variants in @entity5345 / @entity2674 using next generation sequencing methods that were sensitive enough to detect low level mutations, multiplexed to reduce the amount of DNA required and had short amplicon design. The utility of two GeneRead DNAseq Targeted Exon Enrichment Panels with different designs targeting only @entity6069 exons, and the Ion AmpliSeq BRCA community panel, followed by library preparation and adaptor ligation using the TruSeq DNA PCR-Free HT Sample Preparation Kit and NGS analysis on the MiSeq were investigated. RESULTS: Using the GeneRead method, we successfully analysed over 76% of samples, with >95% coverage of @entity6069 coding regions and a mean average read depth of >1000-fold. All mutations identified were confirmed where possible by Sanger sequencing or replication to eliminate the risk of false positive results due to artefacts within FFPE material. Admixture experiments demonstrated that @entity6069 variants could be detected if present in >10% of the sample. A sample subset was evaluated using the Ion AmpliSeq BRCA panel, achieving >99% coverage and sufficient read depth for a proportion of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of @entity6069 variants in fixed tissue is feasible, and could be performed prospectively to facilitate optimum treatment decisions for @entity5344 @entity1 .

title: A reliable method for the detection of @entity5345 and XXXX mutations in fixed @entity5 tissue utilising multiplex PCR-based targeted next generation sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian or breast cancer', 'ovarian and breast tumour']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly ADP ribose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancers', 'non-hereditary tumours']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little is known about the acute precipitants of @entity385 , although evidence suggests infections contribute to risk. We hypothesized that acute hospitalization for @entity281 is associated with the short-term risk of @entity64 . METHODS: The case-crossover design was used to compare hospitalization for @entity281 during case periods (90, 30, or 14 days before an incident @entity385 ) and control periods (equivalent time periods exactly 1 or 2 years before @entity64 ) in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based cohort of 5888 elderly @entity1 from 4 US sites. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by conditional logistic regression. Confirmatory analyses assessed hazard ratios of @entity64 from Cox regression models, with hospitalization for @entity281 as a time-varying exposure. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 669 incident @entity63 strokes were observed in @entity1 without a baseline history of @entity64 . Hospitalization for @entity281 was more likely during case than control time periods; for 90 days before @entity64 , OR=3.4 (95% CI, 1.8 to 6.5). The point estimates of risks were higher when we examined shorter intervals: for 30 days, OR=7.3 (95% CI, 1.9 to 40.9), and for 14 days, OR=8.0 (95% CI, 1.7 to 77.3). In survival analyses, risk of @entity64 was associated with hospitalization for @entity281 in the preceding 90 days, adjusted hazard ratio=2.4 (95% CI, 1.6 to 3.4). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization for @entity281 is associated with a short-term increased risk of @entity64 , with higher risks observed for shorter intervals preceding @entity64 .

title: Hospitalization for XXXX and risk of acute @entity385 : the Cardiovascular Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of a combination of @entity7062 and @entity11440 for treating @entity1 with nocturnal enuresis, compared to the single drugs @entity2645 and @entity7062 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 158 @entity1 from 2003 to 2004. @entity1 were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups and treated with @entity7062 , @entity2645 or a combination of @entity7062 plus @entity11440 . Of these @entity1 145 (100 @entity1 and 45 @entity1 , mean age 7.8 +/- 2.5 years, range 5 to 15) were followed for more than 6 months. Efficacy was measured at 1, 3 and 6 months in terms of average enuretic frequency, 5-scale response based on change in nocturnal enuretic frequency after treatment and posttreatment enuretic frequency as a percentage of pretreatment baseline frequency. The latter efficacy was classified according to daytime voiding symptoms. Statistical evaluation was performed using chi-square tests and ANOVA. RESULTS: Of the 145 @entity1 followed 48 received combination therapy, 49 received @entity7062 and 48 received @entity2645 . A total of 68 @entity1 (47%) had monosymptomatic enuresis and 77 (53%) had polysymptomatic enuresis. Combination therapy produced the best and most rapid results regardless of whether the @entity1 had monosymptomatic or polysymptomatic enuresis. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with @entity7062 plus @entity11440 for the treatment of pediatric nocturnal enuresis was well tolerated, and gave significantly faster and more cost-effective results than single drug therapy using either @entity7062 or @entity2645 .

title: Comparison of effects of treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis with @entity11440 plus @entity7062 , @entity7062 alone or XXXX alone: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

answer: @entity2645 :: (MESH:D007099,Chemical) :: ['imipramine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unsafe abortion is a major cause of mortality among @entity1 in India accounting for 12% of all maternal deaths. In developing countries, annually, up to 200,000 @entity1 die of complications after illegal abortion. Medical abortion is potentially a simple and a safe method for use in developing countries. We conducted a prospective controlled trial to compare the efficacy of low-lose @entity3927 and @entity1499 for medical abortion. OBJECTIVE: To find out the efficacy of low-dose @entity3927 and @entity1499 for inducing abortion. METHOD: In this prospective clinical study, 100 @entity1 opted for a medical method of abortion. Out of these, 50 @entity1 were given 50 mg/m2 of @entity1499 intramuscularly followed by 800 micro gm of intravaginal @entity396 , and 50 @entity1 were given 200 mg of @entity3927 orally followed by 800 micro gm of intravaginal @entity396 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity5852 was the principal outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were side effects and acceptability data. RESULTS: The rate of expulsion by first week after initiation of treatment was 58% in @entity1499 and 98% in @entity3927 group (P <0.001). CONCLUSION: Low-dose @entity3927 and intravaginal @entity396 is safe, effective, and well tolerated as compared to @entity1499 and @entity396 .

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of @entity3927 / @entity396 and XXXX / @entity396 for medical abortion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['Complete abortion']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because treatment of the depressed phase of @entity162 is a clinical challenge and @entity1375 is known to be associated with @entity308 , the authors examined the relationship between pretreatment thyroid values and response to antidepressant treatment. It was hypothesized that subjects with lower thyroid function, even within the normal range, would have a poorer response to initial treatment. METHOD: The subjects were 65 @entity1 in the depressed phase of @entity162 who were enrolled in a larger ongoing study. A panel of thyroid measures, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), @entity1955 , @entity1954 resin uptake, and free thyroxine index (FTI), were determined before initiation of algorithm-guided treatment. The effect of each thyroid measurement on time to remission was estimated by using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Both lower values of FTI and higher values of TSH were significantly associated with longer times to remission, i.e., slower response to treatment. Outcomes were relatively poor unless @entity1 had FTI values above the median and TSH values below the median. @entity1 with this optimal profile experienced remission 4 months faster than the remainder of the study group. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence that @entity1 with @entity162 are particularly sensitive to variations in thyroid function within the normal range. Our results suggest that nearly three-quarters of @entity1 with @entity162 have a thyroid profile that may be suboptimal for antidepressant response. It remains to be seen whether pharmacological enhancement of thyroid function will facilitate recovery from @entity162 .

title: Slower treatment response in XXXX predicted by lower pretreatment thyroid function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depression', 'bipolar disorder', 'bipolar I disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the most important neuromuscular blockers property is short onset, allowing early tracheal intubation. Low nondepolarizing blocker dose before the full dose is known to decrease the onset of most neuromuscular blockers. @entity20158 is a long-lasting aminosteroid with major cardiovascular stability, however, with late onset. This study aimed at evaluating @entity20158 priming effect in adult @entity1 submitted to elective surgeries under general anesthesia. METHODS: Participated in this study 33 adult @entity1 of both genders, aged 20 to 65 years, physical status ASA I or II, to be submitted to elective surgeries under general anesthesia. Exclusion criteria were @entity1 with kidney or @entity1578 , @entity4094 , in concurrent use of drugs influencing @entity20158 pharmacokinetics, and @entity1 with family history of @entity590 . @entity1 were divided in 2 groups: Group 1 = priming with 0.01 mg kg(-1) and 3 minutes later the remaining 0.07 mg kg(-1) (total 0.08 mg kg(-1)); Group 2 = no priming dose (group control). Neuromuscular relaxation was controlled by acceleromyography (TOF-Guard device) and laryngoscopy was accomplished when T1 < 10%. T test for independent samples was used for statistical analysis and Shapiro Wilks was used to test normality. RESULTS: Groups were homogeneous. Time for T1 < 10% was 161.4 +/- 13.7 seconds for Group 1 and 217.8 +/- 23.4 seconds for Group 2, with p < 0.001 and statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results have shown statistically significant differences between groups with and without priming, indicating that @entity20158 also has its onset decreased, similarly to other known neuromuscular blockers.

title: Effect of priming in shortening onset of XXXX , a new nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity20158 :: ('MESH:D017300', 'Chemical') :: ['Pipecuronium bromide', 'pipecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hyperthermia']

answer: @entity20158 :: (MESH:D017300,Chemical) :: ['pipecuronium']