abstract: @entity2359 is the limiting side effect of the anticancer agent @entity901 . A tangled panel of symptoms, sensory loss, @entity809 , @entity809 , and @entity158 may be disabling for @entity1 and adversely affect their quality of life. To elucidate the morphologic and molecular alterations that occur in the nervous system during @entity16 , @entity35 were daily injected with 2.4 mg kg(-1) @entity901 intraperitoneally. A progressive decrease in the @entity158 threshold and @entity56 to noxious and nonnoxious stimuli were evidenced during the treatment (7, 14, 21 days). On day 21, morphometric alterations were detectable exclusively in the dorsal root @entity21 , whereas the @entity14026 and neurofilament (heavy-chain) expression changed dramatically in both the nerves and @entity21 . Inflammatory features were not highlighted. Interestingly, satellite cells exhibited signs of activation. Glial modulation was characterized in the spinal cord and brain areas involved in @entity158 signaling. On the 21st day, spinal astrocytes increased numerically whereas the microglial population was unaltered. The number of glial cells in the brain differed according to the zone and treatment time points. In particular, on day 21, a significant astrocyte increase was measured in the anterior cingulate cortex, somatosensory area 1, neostriatum, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, and nucleus raphe magnus. PERSPECTIVES: These data highlight the relevance of glial cells in chemotherapy-induced @entity2359 as part of the investigation of the role that specific brain areas play in @entity16 .

title: Morphologic features and glial activation in @entity35 XXXX -dependent neuropathic pain.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['dysesthesia', 'paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity14026 :: ('25389(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['activating transcription factor 3']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Amygdala enlargement (AE) has been suggested to be a subtype of @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). However, most reports related to AE have referred to imaging studies, and there have been few reports regarding surgical and pathological findings. The present study was performed to clarify the surgical outcomes and pathology of AE. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with drug-resistant @entity1315 were treated surgically at the Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital between April 2010 and July 2013. Of these @entity1 , 11 were diagnosed as AE based on presurgical MRI. Nine @entity1 with AE underwent selective amygdalohippocampectomy, while the remaining two @entity1 underwent selective amygdalotomy with hippocampal transection. Intraoperative EEG was routinely performed. The histopathology of the resected amygdala tissue was evaluated and compared with the amygdala tissue of @entity1 with @entity131 . RESULTS: Pathological findings indicated that 10 of 11 specimens had closely clustering @entity1184 neurons with vacuolisation of the background matrix. Slight @entity5219 was seen in nine specimens, while the remaining two showed no gliotic changes. Intraoperative EEG showed abnormal sharp waves that seemed to originate not from the amygdala but from the hippocampus in all cases. Ten @entity1 became @entity410 -free during the postoperative follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathologically, clustering @entity1184 neurons and vacuolation with slight @entity5219 or without @entity5219 were considered to be pathological characteristics of AE. Amygdalohippocampectomy or hippocampal transection with amygdalotomy is effective for @entity410 control in @entity1 with AE.

title: Surgery for amygdala enlargement with @entity1315 : pathological findings and XXXX outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: In order to develop immunotherapies for @entity263 , many groups are exploring vaccination strategies to induce an immune response against @entity1486 (PSA). To determine if T-cell recognition of PSA might be a feature of a naturally occurring @entity1 disease, we have studied @entity1 with @entity1069 , a poorly understood clinical syndrome of @entity1 in which there is evidence that an immune response directed against the prostate may be occurring. We wished to determine if a T-cell response to PSA might be occurring in these @entity1 . We generated long-term T-cell lines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of one @entity1 with @entity1069 using purified PSA as an antigen. Several @entity404 + and @entity405 + @entity16783 /beta+ T-cell lines were selected for PSA reactivity as measured by at least a threefold increase in @entity379 secretion in response to PSA presented by irradiated autologous PBMC. @entity404 and @entity405 T-cell lines recognized PSA in the context of HLA-DRbeta1*1501 and @entity1530 *0702, respectively. The specificity and HLA restriction of the lines was confirmed using EBV-B cell lines infected with a recombinant PSA-expressing @entity6621 and also engineered to express PSA by retroviral transfection. HLA-matched targets infected by control vector as well as HLA-mismatched PSA-expressing targets did not induce the response. The data demonstrate that PSA-specific T cells are present in the PBMC of this @entity1 with @entity1069 , who may be manifesting naturally the type of immune response directed at the prostate that is the goal of @entity263 immunotherapy. However, the Class I-restricted epitope has not yet been demonstrated to be expressed on the surface of @entity263 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of @entity1533 *1501- or @entity1530 *0702-restricted responses to PSA and extends the number of HLA molecules accommodating the use of PSA antigen as a candidate vaccine for @entity263 immunotherapy.

title: @entity404 and @entity405 T-lymphocyte recognition of @entity1486 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous prostatitis', 'prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['granulomatous prostatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT) in @entity9066 . METHODS: 60 @entity1 (43 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) were examined who had talalgia associated with heel spur. A single blind randomised study was performed in which 30 @entity1 underwent a regular treatment (group 1) and 30 a simulated one (shocks of 0 mJ/mm(2) energy were applied) (group 2). Variations in symptoms were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). Variations in the dimension of enthesophytosis were evaluated by x ray examination. Variations in the grade of @entity4932 were evaluated by sonography. RESULTS: A significant decrease of VAS was seen in group 1. Examination by x ray showed morphological modifications (reduction of the larger diameter >1 mm) of the enthesophytosis in nine (30%) @entity1 . Sonography did not show significant changes in the grade of @entity4932 just after the end of the treatment, but a significant reduction was seen after one month. In the control group no significant decrease of VAS was seen. No modification was observed by x ray examination or sonography. CONCLUSION: ESWT is safe and improves the symptoms of most @entity1 with a @entity158 heel, it can also structurally modify enthesophytosis, and reduce inflammatory @entity4 .

title: Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal enthesophytosis']

answer: @entity9066 :: (MESH:D036982,Disease) :: ['calcaneal enthesophytosis']


abstract: Although it has been suggested that @entity460 channel blocking agents may be utilized as vasodilators in @entity1 with @entity712 , these agents also have the potential to cause a deterioration in cardiac function because of their negative inotropic actions. There is considerable variation among the available agents with regard to their relative effects on the vasculature, myocardial inotropy, and myocardial chronotropy. Thus, at clinically relevant dosages, @entity594 is a potent systemic and coronary vasodilator, but it has little or no direct effect on inotropy and chronotropy. In contrast, @entity1855 exerts significant negative inotropic and chronotropic effects at vasodilatory dosages, whereas @entity3988 is a potent vasodilator with a negative chronotropic action at dosages that do not affect inotropy. In @entity1 with @entity712 , the largest experience so far has been with @entity594 . Data derived from over 100 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity712 indicate a generally beneficial net hemodynamic response to @entity594 , with substantial improvements in cardiac index (+24 percent) and left ventricular filling pressure (-15 percent). The major effect seems to be on arteriolar resistance vessels, resulting in a reduction in afterload, with relatively little effect on venous pressures. Limited data suggest that the initial effect is sustained during long-term therapy. The clinical experience with @entity1855 and @entity3988 in @entity1 with @entity712 is at present limited. In @entity1 with normal or mildly impaired left ventricular function, @entity1855 's vasodilator and negative inotropic effects are counterbalanced. With severe left @entity67 , however, treatment with @entity1855 can result in abrupt decompensation and development of overt @entity3126 and @entity551 . @entity3988 's relative lack of negative inotropic effects may allow it to be used safely in @entity1 with @entity712 , particularly when control of supraventricular @entity591 is required.

title: XXXX channel blockers in @entity712 : theoretic considerations and clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The translamina terminalis corridor was used in the transcranial anterior route to treat third @entity67 (TVC), which presents a challenge to neurosurgeons. The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has recently been used to treat @entity976 . However, there are few reports of the EEA being used to treat TVC. The authors' novel surgical approach of treating selected TVC by the endoscopic endonasal route via the suprachiasmatic translamina terminalis (STLT) corridor is described. METHODS In this single-center study, the EEA via the STLT corridor was used to resect TVC with great upper and anterior extension causing bulged lamina terminalis, and TVC with a residual upper compartment, after routine infrachiasmatic transmetastalk corridor resection. RESULTS The STLT corridor was used in 3 @entity1 . Gross-total resection was achieved in all cases. One @entity1 achieved visual improvement, and the other 2 @entity1 showed partial visual improvement. Leakage of CSF occurred in 1 @entity1 . Postoperative hormone replacement therapy was required in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS The STLT corridor is a complementary minimally invasive corridor used in the EEA for treating selected TVC. The STLT alone or combined with infrachiasmatic transmetastalk corridors should be selected depending on the size of suprachiasmatic and infrachiasmatic space.

title: Suprachiasmatic translamina terminalis corridor used in endoscopic endonasal approach for resecting third XXXX .

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular craniopharyngioma']


abstract: The eukaryotic polypeptide chain initiation factor 4F (eIF-4F), purified by m7GTP-Sepharose chromatography from whole extracts of @entity238 embryos, consists of two subunits, the previously identified @entity62074 (35 kDa) (Maroto, F. G., and Sierra, J. M. (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 2181-2190) and another of 200 kDa. Both subunits cosedimented through a @entity969 density gradient containing 0.5 M @entity4338 . In contrast to @entity95 reticulocyte eIF-4F, we did not find any RNA-dependent ATPase associated with the @entity238 factor. As shown previously for @entity62074 , the @entity62075 subunit was also required for the translation of endogenous mRNAs in cell-free systems from @entity238 embryos. Only the @entity62074 subunit was able to cross-link to the m7G cap structure. However, an efficient cross-linking of the @entity62075 subunit to an uncapped mRNA was observed. Both subunits were phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C from @entity35 brain. As an extension of our previous results (Zapata, J. M., Maroto, F. G., and Sierra, J. M. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 16007-16014) we found that the translation of the @entity1457 mRNAs was independent of both of the eIF-4F subunits.

title: Purification and characterization of eukaryotic polypeptide chain initiation factor 4F from XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1569 experience a low quality of life and high treatment burden: Objectives: To assess psoriatic @entity1 quality of life using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) in the Northeastern Anatolia region of @entity233 . Additionally, we evaluated the correlation between the DLQI and the clinical severity of @entity1569 and examined demographic data and their relationship with the DLQI and @entity1569 severity: Materials and Methods: This study was a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study at the University of Kafkas, @entity59857 , @entity233 . 127 adult @entity1 were included in the study. The Turkish version of the DLQI was used. To measure @entity1569 severity, the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and Body Surface Area (BSA) were simultaneously evaluated. The @entity1 demographics were compared with quality of life and the severity of @entity1569 : Results: DLQI scores ranged from "very large" to "extremely large" in 61% of the @entity1 . The @entity1569 severity (BSA and PASI) was "mild" in 63% of @entity1 . The quality of life was significantly affected in cigarette smokers and in @entity1 whose disease included nail involvement. The PASI and BSA scores of @entity1 with scalp and nail involvement were significantly higher. A significant, positive correlation was found between disease duration and the severity of @entity1569 . BSA correlated with PASI: Conclusion: The quality of life of @entity1569 @entity1 is strongly reduced. A significant relationship was found for DLQI with nail @entity1569 and smoking. A linear, positive correlation was detected between the DLQI and BSA but not between the DLQI and PASI.

title: The relationship between quality of life and the severity of XXXX in @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: At least 30% of @entity1 with @entity788 are successfully treated with catheter drainage alone. It is currently not possible to predict which @entity1 also need necrosectomy. We evaluated predictive factors for successful catheter drainage. METHODS: This was a post hoc analysis of 130 prospectively included @entity1 undergoing catheter drainage for (suspected) @entity788 . Using logistic regression, we evaluated the association between success of catheter drainage (ie, survival without necrosectomy) and 22 factors regarding demographics, disease severity (eg, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II score, organ failure), and morphologic characteristics on computed tomography (eg, percentage of @entity39 ). RESULTS: Catheter drainage was performed percutaneously in 113 @entity1 and endoscopically in 17 @entity1 . Infected @entity39 was confirmed in 116 @entity1 (89%). Catheter drainage was successful in 45 @entity1 (35%). In multivariable regression, the following factors were associated with a reduced chance of success: male sex [odds ratio (OR)=0.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.55; P<0.01), @entity881 (OR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.04-0.62; P<0.01), percentage of @entity39 (<30%/30%-50%/>50%: OR=0.54; 95% CI: 0.30-0.96; P=0.03), and heterogeneous collection (OR=0.21; 95% CI: 0.06-0.67; P<0.01). A prediction model incorporating these factors demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76. A prognostic nomogram yielded success probability of catheter drainage from 2% to 91%. CONCLUSIONS: Male sex, @entity881 , increasing percentage of @entity39 and heterogeneity of the collection are negative predictors for success of catheter drainage in @entity788 . The constructed nomogram can guide prognostication in clinical practice and risk stratification in clinical studies.

title: Predicting Success of Catheter Drainage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['infected necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'pancreatic necrosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are fundamental differences in design between phase III clinical trials and phase IV post-marketing studies that involve @entity1 characteristics, the clinical setting (environment) and the manner of drug use. As well, many phase IV studies are extensions of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and suffer from selection bias. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the data obtained from RCTs of etanercept (Enbrel) in the treatment of @entity309 would be representative of the effects attainable in community practice. METHOD: An analysis was conducted comparing data from published RCTs of etanercept use in @entity309 @entity1 with data collected in a community based cohort study that was not an extension of an RCT. RESULTS: Baseline clinical data, such as tender or @entity158 joint count, @entity1 's global assessment, the heath assessment questionnaire, physical and mental component summary of the SF-36, and @entity309 drug profile were significantly different between the @entity1 receiving etanercept in the phase IV community cohort study and the @entity1 enrolled in the RCTs. Differences in the baseline data for the control @entity1 were also noted amongst the RCT studies. The treatment outcome, American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response rate of 20%, 50% and 70% at 6 month, was the same between the cohort study and the RCTs, but at 12 months the clinical response was less for the community based @entity1 than for the RCT @entity1 . At 6 months there were fewer withdrawals involving community-based @entity1 than RCT @entity1 due to less frequent withdrawals associated with lack of efficacy. At 12 months the withdrawal rate due to either a lack of efficacy or from adverse events was similar between data sets. CONCLUSION: The data from the etanercept phase III RCTs may not reflect the characteristics of @entity1 using etanercept in community practice, nor the clinical outcomes observed by @entity309 @entity1 at 12 months. These discrepancies may be derived from methodological differences in study design and @entity1 selection. On the other hand, outcomes such as withdrawal rates at 12 months appear comparable between the two types of populations.

title: Clinical data gap between phase III clinical trials (pre-marketing) and phase IV (post-marketing) studies: evaluation of etanercept in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Immunotoxins (ITs) consisting of a cell-binding component and a potent toxin were developed as a new class of biological anti- @entity5 agents to improve adjuvant therapy. @entity978 ( @entity978 ) has been demonstrated to be an excellent target for ITs because high concentrations of lymphocyte activation markers such as @entity2902 and @entity5823 are expressed on Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS). Several ITs against these antigens have shown potent antitumor effects against H-RS cells in vitro and in different @entity978 animal models. On the basis of its superiority in preclinical models, the anti- @entity2902 IT RFT5-SMPT-dgA was subsequently evaluated in a phase I study in @entity1 with @entity978 . The IT was constructed by linking the monoclonal antibody (Moab) RFT5 via a sterically hindered @entity1520 linker (SMPT) to deglycosylated ricin A-chain (dgA). All 15 @entity1 enrolled in this trial were heavily pretreated with a mean of five different prior therapies. The IT was administered intravenously over four hours on days 1-3-5-7 for total doses per cycle of 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg/m2. Side effects were reversible and related to the @entity455 ( @entity455 ), i.e. decrease in serum albumin, @entity4 , @entity1017 , @entity551 , @entity591 , @entity925 , and @entity425 . In all three @entity1 receiving 20 mg/m2 NCI @entity137 grade III was observed. Thus, 15 mg/m2 is the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of RFT5-SMPT-dgA. 50% of the @entity1 developed human anti-ricin A-chain antibodies (HARA) and/or @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). Clinical results included two partial remissions (PR), one minor response (MR), three @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and nine @entity74 ( @entity74 ). In an extension of the phase I trial, five additional @entity1 have been treated at the MTD.

title: Clinical trials with an anti- @entity2902 ricin A-chain experimental and immunotoxin (RFT5-SMPT-dgA) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['VLS', 'vascular leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['human anti-mouse antibodies', 'HAMA']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', "Hodgkin's lymphoma", "refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To understand the effects of ammonium on N-glycosylation, recombinant @entity3569 ovary (rCHO) cells that produce the Fc-fusion protein were cultivated in serum-free suspension cultures with 10   mM ammonium addition. The addition of ammonium to the cultures reduced the relative proportion of acidic isoforms and sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein. Fifty two N-glycosylation-related gene expressions were assessed by the NanoString nCounter system, which provides a digital readout using custom-designed color-coded probes. Among these queried genes, thirteen genes (gale, nans, @entity60060 , @entity60061 , @entity60062 , @entity60063 , @entity60064 , @entity60065 , @entity60066 , @entity60067 , hexb, @entity60068 , and @entity60069 ) were up-regulated over 1.5 times in the culture with ammonium addition after 5 days of culture; however, none of the 54 genes were significantly different after 3 days of culture. In particular, the expression level of @entity60068 (sialidase-1) and @entity60069 (sialidase-3), which play a role in reduction of sialylation, increased over 2 times. Likewise, the protein expression levels of sialidase-1 and sialidase-3 determined by Western blot analysis were also increased significantly in the culture with ammonium addition. Transient transfection of @entity60068 or @entity60069 -targeted siRNAs significantly improved the sialic acid content of the Fc-fusion protein in the culture with ammonium addition, indicating that the decreased sialic acid content was in part due to the increased expression level of sialidase. Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide a better understanding of the detrimental effect of ammonium on N-glycosylation, especially sialylation, in rCHO cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;9999: 1-11.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Understanding of altered N-glycosylation-related gene expression in recombinant XXXX ovary cells subjected to elevated ammonium concentration by digital mRNA counting.

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: few long-term randomized data on safety and effectiveness of @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) in the @entity583 ( @entity583 ) setting are available. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the 5-year clinical outcome of SES vs bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation in @entity1 with @entity583 . METHODS: 320 @entity583 @entity1 were randomized to receive SES or BMS. The primary end-point was the incidence of @entity177 ( @entity177 ) at 5-year follow-up. The secondary end-points were the rate of @entity75 revascularization (TLR), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), @entity204 or non-fatal MI and @entity715 ( @entity715 ). Event rates from 1 to 5 years in @entity1 undergoing TLR and those TLR free at 1 year were also investigated. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate free from @entity177 and TLR was significantly higher in the SES than in the BMS group (85% vs 76% p=0.038; 92% vs 85% p=0.045, respectively). The lower incidence of adverse events was achieved in the first year of follow-up. The cumulative incidence of MACE, @entity204 or non-fatal MI and @entity715 was comparable in the 2 groups at 5-year follow-up. Moreover @entity204 or MI incidence was 5% in the @entity1 who did not experience TLR within 1-year and 16% in those who experience TLR in the same period (p=0.033). Predictors of @entity204 or MI during 5-year follow-up were TLR within 1 year (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.1-10.1; p=0.04) and small vessels treatment (OR 4.8 95% CI 1.7-13.0; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical benefits of SES are maintained up to 5years without safety concerns.

title: Long-term outcome of @entity3446 -eluting vs bare-metal stent in the setting of XXXX : 5-year results of the SESAMI trial.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['target vessel failure', 'TVF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['ST', 'stent thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: CONTEXT: Thyroid status affects several aspects of cardiovascular risk profile, including lipid levels and blood pressure. Whether @entity1374 affects the risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and all-cause mortality remains controversial. DESIGN: The EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. Mean follow-up was 10.6 years. @entity1 : Study @entity1 were 11 554 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 45-79 years, who were living in Norfolk, UK. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline cardiovascular risk factors were recorded and concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free @entity1955 (FT4) were measured in baseline samples. Regression analyses were performed to assess the association between thyroid hormone levels and cardiovascular risk factors. A proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of @entity301 and all-cause mortality by baseline @entity1374 . No information was available on thyroid treatment during follow-up. RESULTS: @entity1374 were common, particularly among @entity1 . @entity1374 were associated with an altered cardiovascular risk profile. Even within the normal range, thyroid hormone levels, TSH more strongly than FT4, were associated with lipid levels and blood pressure among both @entity1 and @entity1 . We did not observe a significant association between subclinical @entity1374 and risk of @entity301 or all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the association between @entity6145 levels and cardiovascular risk factors, @entity1374 was not statistically significantly associated with the risk of future @entity301 or all-cause mortality in this large cohort.

title: Initial XXXX and cardiovascular risk factors: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid abnormalities', 'Thyroid abnormalities', 'thyroid status']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid status']


abstract: CXC chemokines modulate host immunity, @entity2295 , growth and invasive behaviour of @entity5 . Despite their relevance in @entity5 biology, chemokine expression in intestinal- and diffuse-type @entity356 , which exhibit a completely different growth pattern, has not been investigated in detail. In this study, expression of the CXC chemokines @entity687 [ @entity687 ], @entity2851 [growth-related oncogene alpha ( @entity2851 )], @entity373 [monokine induced by @entity379 ] and @entity371 [ @entity371 ( @entity371 )] and the corresponding chemokine receptors @entity7415 -3 was investigated by immunohistochemistry in intestinal- and diffuse-type @entity356 . @entity5 cells of all @entity1 expressed @entity687 . @entity687 expression was significantly stronger in @entity5 cells of diffuse- rather than intestinal-type @entity356 (P < 0.01) as determined by a semiquantitative score. @entity2851 was expressed almost exclusively by diffuse- but not intestinal-type @entity189 cells. The corresponding chemokine receptors, @entity7415 and @entity7416 , were found on @entity189 cells. Furthermore, @entity687 expression correlated with number of @entity5 vessels (P < 0.01), suggesting an angiogenetic function in @entity356 not only in vitro but also in vivo. @entity371 and @entity373 , attractants for T cells, were expressed by peritumorous macrophages in close proximity to @entity379 -producing @entity366 -positive T cells in both @entity5 types. These chemokines may attract @entity356 -infiltrating T cells via an @entity379 -mediated pathway and enhance host immunity against the @entity5 . In @entity356 a complex interplay between CXC-chemokine signals derived from both @entity5 cells and @entity5 -infiltrating immune cells may exhibit pleiotropic effects in @entity5 biology that go far beyond their originally described functions as leucocyte chemoattractants. Because @entity687 and @entity2851 , which are known to increase growth and invasive behaviour of @entity5 , are significantly stronger expressed in diffuse- than intestinal-type @entity356 , one may speculate that these chemokines influence the different growth pattern of @entity356 types.

title: Pleiotropic effects of CXC chemokines in @entity356 : differences in @entity687 and @entity2851 expression between diffuse and intestinal types of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumour', 'tumours', 'Tumour']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

entities_list: @entity371 :: ('3627', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10', 'IP-10', 'CXCL10']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: Presented is the first Japanese case of @entity703 ( @entity703 ), which is an extremely rare @entity5 and of which only nine cases have been reported in the literature. The @entity1 was a four-month-old Japanese @entity1 presenting as @entity811 . @entity5 (approximately 1 cm in size) protruded into the right pelvis from the superior caliceal region. Histologically the @entity5 originated from the tip of one medullary papilla and consisted of small rounded cells with a dense arrangement and several foci of minimally @entity75 , including fewer but larger cells. Transition from the small to larger cells was suggested. The small cell only expressed @entity2277 , but the larger coexpressed @entity2277 , @entity2283 , and epithelial membrane antigen. These findings suggested that the small cells differentiated to the larger cells with an epithelial nature associated somehow with osteoid formation. Embryonal metaplasia was assumed to occur in the collecting ducts entrapped by the @entity5 . The @entity1 has been well without recurrence for more than 23 years. This is the longest survival period compared with other reported cases and confirms the benign nature of @entity703 . It is absolutely crucial to make an accurate diagnosis of @entity703 to avoid unnecessary treatment.

title: XXXX : the first Japanese case with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A small nodular tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calcified osteoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['ossifying renal tumor of infancy', 'ORTI']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Ossifying renal tumor of infancy']


abstract: We evaluated the efficacy of the @entity440 treatment in 37 @entity1 with @entity247 . All had distinct, easily palpable @entity0 with a diameter of over three cm. @entity158 , tenderness, and swelling associated with @entity247 were reported by six @entity1 . Eight of the @entity1 were @entity28 . One @entity1 also suffered from varicocele. @entity158 and size reduction was seen in all @entity1 with @entity440 treatment. No long-term side effects of @entity440 were observed. The dose of @entity440 was increased in three @entity1 due to poor response. Two of the treatment group had recurrence problem at follow-up. We did not need to refer any @entity1 to surgery. @entity440 treatment is relatively non-toxic, may be beneficial and we think it should be considered for @entity247 .

title: XXXX treatment for @entity247 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast swellings']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['pubertal gynecomastia', 'gynecomastia']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential significance of expression of @entity1759 and @entity16104 at different stages of @entity356 . METHODS: The expression pattern of @entity1759 and @entity16104 in @entity5 , @entity5 of the stomach was examined by RT-PCR, Southern blot hybridization, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot hybridization. RESULTS: Expression of @entity1759 v5 could be observed not only in @entity5 , but also in pre-neoplastic and non-cancerous specimens. @entity1759 v7 was commonly seen in non-cancerous lesions but its expression tended to decrease with the progression of pre-malignant phenotype. @entity1759 v8-v10 could only be observed in some @entity1944 , @entity189 . Nevertheless, @entity1759 v6 was found exclusively in @entity5 tissues, with a positive rate of 14%. The frequency of @entity16104 detection was about 10% in @entity5 but tended to increase with @entity5 development, reaching an average of 74% in @entity356 . In 80% of the invading @entity5 cells, @entity16104 and @entity1759 v coexpressed, or complementarily expressed. CONCLUSION: Expression of @entity16104 is more associated with progression of @entity356 . Irrespective of its low frequency, @entity1759 v6 is still a reliable marker of @entity356 . Co-expression or complementary expression of @entity1759 v and @entity16104 might facilitate invasion and metastasis of @entity356 .

title: [Characteristics of expression of CD44v and receptor for HA-mediated motility ( XXXX ) in multi-step gastrocarcinogenesis].

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-cancerous mucosa', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'preneoplastic lesions and carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic proliferation and undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers', 'gastric carcinogenesis', 'gastric malignancy', 'malignant transformation of gastric mucosa']

answer: @entity16104 :: (3161,Gene) :: ['RHAMM']


abstract: We report a sixty-year-old @entity1 with transverse @entity4685 who had suffered from @entity309 since age of 52. She was admitted to our department because of @entity425 and @entity158 in the bilateral lower extremities, sensory disturbance below the mamillary level and bladder disturbance. She had sicca symptoms. As a result of sialography, @entity244 was diagnosed. Antineuronal antibody was found in the sera of the @entity1 . She had no symptom of systemic @entity1333 . @entity4555 and anticaldiolipin antibody were negative. The pathogenesis of transverse @entity4685 in @entity627 is still uncertain. @entity1333 and the immunological reaction of antineuronal antibody have been suggested as possible causes. This report suggests the influence of direct immunological reaction on the central nervous system.

title: [A case of @entity244 with XXXX manifesting transverse @entity4685 with antineuronal antibody].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful tonic spasm']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The recent discovery of several myogenic cardiac progenitor cells in the post-natal heart suggests that some myocardial cells may remain undifferentiated during embryonic development. In this study, we examined the subcellular characteristics of the embryonic (E) @entity19 ventricular myocardial cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the ultrastructural level, we identified three different cell populations within the myocardial layer of the E11.5 heart. These cells were designated as undifferentiated cells (43 +/- 6%), moderately differentiated cells (43 +/- 2%) and mature cardiomyocytes (14 +/- 4%). Undifferentiated cells contained a large nucleus and sparse cytoplasm with no myofibrillar bundles. Moderately differentiated cells contained randomly arranged myofilaments in the cytoplasm. In contrast, mature cardiomyocytes contained well-developed sarcomere structures. We also confirmed the presence of similar undifferentiated cells albeit at low levels in the E16.5 ( approximately 20%) and E18.5 ( approximately 7%) myocardium. Further we used immunogold labeling technique to test whether these distinct cell populations were also positive for markers such as @entity39756 , @entity16467 and @entity14662 . A preponderance of anti- @entity39756 label was found in the undifferentiated and moderately differentiated cell types. Anti- @entity14662 label was found only in the cytoplasmic compartment of moderately differentiated and mature myocardial cells. All of the undifferentiated cells were negative for anti- @entity14662 labeling. We did not find immuno-gold labeling with @entity16467 in any of the three myocardial cell types. Based on these results, we suggest that embryonic myocardial cell differentiation is a gradual process and undifferentiated cells expressing @entity39756 in post-chamber myocardium may represent a progenitor cell population while cells expressing @entity39756 and @entity14662 represent differentiating myocytes.

title: Ultrastructural and immunocharacterization of undifferentiated myocardial cells in the developing XXXX heart.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Sleeping behavior was investigated during 294 nights for female @entity7105 (circus: n = 7; zoo: n = 5; including an @entity1 ). The animals were recorded continuously on time-lapse video tapes for 7-16 days consecutively. Seasonal changes in @entity146 were studied by comparing summer (16-day) and winter (13-15-day) recordings; and sleep development was assessed by recording a mother and her @entity1 for three consecutive nights per month for 15 months (age 5-19 months). Sleep occurred in a recumbent ( @entity9712 ) and in a standing position (standing sleep: SS). Although signs of @entity25 ( @entity25 ) were often evident, the exact onset and end of a @entity25 episode could not be determined. Sleep onset occurred after 2100 hours, and sleep increased progressively reaching a maximum between 0100 and 0400 hours. @entity25 ( @entity25 ) in the adults comprised 4.0-6.5 hours per night (including 13.8-130.9 minutes of SS) and did not differ between the two groups. Seasonal differences were present in @entity25 and in the distribution of sleep within the night; more sleep occurred in the winter. The duration of @entity9712 episodes in the adults was 72.0 minutes, a value far below the sleep-cycle length of 124 minutes that others have reported for elephants. @entity25 in the @entity1 decreased during the course of the 15-month recording period from 8.1 hours to 5.1 hours. SS occurred for the first time at the age of 9 months.

title: Behavioral sleep in the XXXX in captivity.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior']

entities_list: @entity7105 :: ('9783', 'Species') :: ['Asian elephants']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical sleep', 'TST', 'PS', 'Total sleep time']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['Asian elephant']


abstract: This report describes a buck with @entity1779 . The animal was severely apathetic to somnolent. Neurological examination revealed generalised @entity2055 and hyper-metria of the fore limbs. There was bilateral mydriasis and severely decreased menace and pupillary light reflexes. Sensitivity to pricking with a needle was markedly reduced over the entire body. There was a delayed response to adduction, abduction and crossing of the limbs and rocking of the animal. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid indicated mild mixed-cell inflammation. Based on all of the findings, an @entity5 of the central nervous system with localisation in the cerebrum was suspected. Because of the grave prognosis, the @entity1237 was euthanased and a post mortem examination performed. No @entity854 were seen in any of the organs including the brain. Histologically, there was extensive diffuse @entity66 in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and in the brain stem.

title: Clinical and pathological findings in a @entity1237 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abscess or tumour']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral gliomatosis']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral gliomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity82 and @entity101 affect the flow profile of the liver vasculature. In these conditions Doppler ultrasound can provide important information on the hemodynamics of the portal venous system, the hepatic @entity99 . METHODS: The value of Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of the @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity101 was determined by reviewing the literature. RESULTS: Portal venous blood flow becomes reversed with advanced @entity101 . Reversed flow is also demonstrated in @entity1 with @entity5501 and @entity5693 shunts. Despite general agreement that portal flow velocity is decreased in cirrhotic @entity1 , the absolute values of portal flow velocity in both healthy subjects and cirrhotic @entity1 vary considerably. Errors in Doppler measurements, observer variability and collateral pathways contribute to these variations. Furthermore, portal blood flow is influenced by numerous factors such as changes in the body position, phase of respiration, timing of meals, exercise and cardiac output. Finally, portal flow may be unaltered due to a combination of high inflow from the splanchnic organs and increased resistance within the liver. High resistive index of the hepatic artery is seen in @entity1 with @entity3851 , particularly in @entity1 with severe @entity82 secondary to @entity2876 . However, hepatic artery flow remains normal in most @entity1 . Abnormal hepatic vein flow profiles are seen in @entity1 with @entity82 , but dampening or flattening of the flow profile has a multifactorial origin (Budd-Chiari, @entity3 , ascites) and can be observed in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Although many factors may affect the accuracy of volume flow and velocity measurements and the flow profile of the liver vasculature may change in different situations, Doppler ultrasound is useful in the assessment of the @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity101 .

title: The value of Doppler ultrasound in XXXX and @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['portosystemic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['artery and the hepatic veins']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: Thirteen cases of disseminated @entity281 with @entity3069 -intracellulare (MAI) seen at the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center and 24 cases from the literature were analyzed to define clinical and therapeutic features of the disease. @entity19262 was a disease of immunocompromised and apparently normal hosts. It was acquired from the environment by unknown mechanisms, usually entering the body through the lungs and spreading to include the reticuloendothelial system, bones, and less commonly, the skin. Diagnosis was often delayed and required culture of tissue or secretions. Medical personnel must maintain a high index of suspicion for @entity19262 , especially in immunocompromised hosts. These @entity1 should be monitored carefully for evidence of MAI with frequent cultures of blood and bone marrow. Blood culture systems able to recover MAI promptly and reliably should be employed (52, 64). New diagnostic aids, such as the standardized preparation of PPD-B currently being prepared or tests for antibody to MAI, will help in differentiating MAI from other processes. If MAI is recovered, broad-spectrum therapy should be instituted. Response to combination antimicrobial chemotherapy in the @entity1 surveyed in this report was gratifying. Over two-thirds of treated @entity1 responded to therapy. New antimycobacterial agents such as @entity17208 and @entity19838 have been shown to have activity against MAI in vitro (40, 81, 92) and may further improve therapeutic efficacy. Studies of in vitro synergy, currently in progress in our laboratory, will also help define the optimal therapeutic regimen for each individual @entity1 . While the @entity1 presented in this report had a reassuring response to therapy, those who had many bacilli in the tissues had a poorer outcome. @entity1 with @entity791 often have this lepromatous histology (37) and thus may respond more poorly than the @entity1 in this report even when optimal therapy is employed. Careful monitoring of @entity791 @entity1 for @entity19262 may permit earlier institution of therapy and improve the chances for control of the @entity281 . Studies to assess the relationship of in vitro sensitivity to therapeutic response in these @entity1 are currently underway in our laboratory. It is hoped that early institution of therapy and optimization of regimens according to in vitro sensitivity data will lead to decreased morbidity and mortality in all @entity1 with @entity19262 .

title: @entity281 with XXXX -intracellulare. A report of 13 cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17208 :: ('MESH:D017828', 'Chemical') :: ['ansamycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity19262 :: ('MESH:D015270', 'Disease') :: ['Disseminated MAI infection', 'MAI infection', 'MAI disease']

entities_list: @entity19838 :: ('MESH:C015537', 'Chemical') :: ['thienamycin']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are toxic compounds that are ubiquitous in the atmospheric environment. The input for an emissions processing system that was originally configured forthe study of criteria air pollutants was updated to calculate emissions of six semivolatile @entity2556 . The goal of the work was to produce emissions estimates with the spatial and temporal resolution needed to serve as input to a regional air quality model for southern Canada and the U.S. Such modeling is helpful in determining reductions in PAH emissions that may be necessary to protect @entity1 and ecosystem health. The total annual emission of the six @entity2556 (sigma6PAH) for both countries was estimated at 18 273 Mg/year. A total of 90% of these emissions arise from U.S. sources. The top six source types account for 73% of emissions and are related to metal production, open burning, incineration, and forest fires. The emission factors used in this study were derived from published compilations. Although this approach has the advantage of quality control during the compilation process, some compilations include factors from older studies that may overestimate emissions since they do not account for recent improvements in emission control technology. When compared to estimates published in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) for 2002, the U.S. emissions in this study are higher by a factor of 4 (16 424 vs 4102 Mg/year). The cause of this difference has been investigated, and much of it is likely due to our use of data unavailable in the 2002 NEI but inferred here on the basis of the @entity2556 emissions literature. Augmenting the 2002 NEI with this additional information would bring its reported annual emissions to 8213 Mg/year, which is within a factor of 2 of the estimates herein. The results presented for southern Canada are the first published values for all known PAH sources in that country.

title: Estimation of atmospheric emissions of six semivolatile XXXX in southern canada and the United States by use of an emissions processing system.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Incest is a neglected and hidden public health problem. This case is about a @entity1 who was victim of @entity458 , suffered from @entity161 and abused his biological daughter. He was physically and sexually abused by seniors and classmates, developed @entity10963 and @entity2167 . During the course of the illness, he was hospitalized several times as a case of @entity161 and @entity250 was his main concern. The @entity1 's illness followed a waxing and waning course. He took medication on on-and-off basis. He abused his biological daughter sexually at the later stage of the illness. Ultimately, the @entity1 attempted suicide after an indecent sexual act with another relative and he was admitted to the hospital. He was treated with @entity1090 that was titrated to 10   mg per day. After continuing the medication for 2 years he regained a functioning life and remained stable with medication. This case shows the importance of exploring the sexual behavior of the @entity1 and sharing the experience may help in the treatment of @entity161 @entity1 with incest.

title: A Case Report on Management of Father Daughter Incest with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucination']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid delusion']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous @entity2379 , with or without @entity4895 , is usually standard therapy for @entity1330 in @entity1 with the @entity791 ( @entity791 ). @entity2380 , an oral @entity10998 agent, represents a promising new approach to the treatment of @entity1330 . METHODS: In a randomized multicenter trial, we compared intravenous @entity2379 with oral @entity2380 as primary therapy for @entity791 -associated @entity1330 . Eligible @entity1 , in all of whom the diagnosis had been confirmed by culture, were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either @entity2380 (200 mg per day) or @entity2379 . Treatment was considered successful if the @entity1 had had two consecutive negative cerebrospinal fluid cultures by the end of the 10-week treatment period. RESULTS: Of the 194 eligible @entity1 , 131 received @entity2380 and 63 received @entity2379 (mean daily dose, 0.4 mg per kilogram of body weight in @entity1 with successful treatment and 0.5 mg per kilogram in @entity1 with treatment failure; P = 0.34). Treatment was successful in 25 of the 63 @entity2379 recipients (40 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 26 percent to 53 percent) and in 44 of the 131 @entity2380 recipients (34 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 25 percent to 42 percent) (P = 0.40). There was no significant difference between the groups in overall mortality due to @entity1328 ( @entity2379 vs. @entity2380 , 9 of 63 [14 percent] vs. 24 of 131 [18 percent]; P = 0.48); however, mortality during the first two weeks of therapy was higher in the @entity2380 group (15 percent vs. 8 percent; P = 0.25). The median length of time to the first negative cerebrospinal fluid culture was 42 days (95 percent confidence interval, 28 to 71) in the @entity2379 group and 64 days (95 percent confidence interval, 53 to 67) in the @entity2380 group (P = 0.25). Multivariate analyses identified abnormal mental status (lethargy, somnolence, or obtundation) as the most important predictive factor of a high risk of @entity204 during therapy (P less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2380 is an effective alternative to @entity2379 as primary treatment of @entity1330 in @entity1 with @entity791 . Single-drug therapy with either drug is most effective in @entity1 who are at low risk for treatment failure. The optimal therapy for @entity1 at high risk remains to be determined.

title: Comparison of @entity2379 with @entity2380 in the treatment of acute XXXX -associated @entity1330 . The NIAID Mycoses Study Group and the @entity791 Clinical Trials Group.

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin', 'amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal disease', 'acute cryptococcal meningitis', 'cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: The effects of increased cytosolic @entity460 on cardiac mechanics were studied in open chest @entity235 instrumented with ultrasonic crystals and a miniature pressure transducer. @entity460 was increased either by promoting @entity460 influx with @entity9898 (Bay K) or by increasing extracellular @entity460 concentration. A single dose of Bay K (10 micrograms/kg/min) was administered to each @entity235 . Bay K increased LV systolic pressure, maximal rate of rise of LV pressure (LV + dP/dt), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf), and calculated LV end-systolic wall stress. The time constant of isovolumic pressure decay (T) was calculated following two different methods: (a) a semilogarithmic method (Tz), and (b) using the linear relation between LV - dP/dt vs LV pressure (T1). Whereas Tz decreased from 31.7 +/- 2.6 to 26.7 +/- 1.7 ms (P less than 0.05), no changes were detected in T1 (46.3 +/- 4.4 vs 50.9 +/- 4.0 ms N.S.) The asymptote value (PB) decreased after Bay K from -9 +/- 2.8 to -22.5 +/- 4.2 mmHg (P less than 0.05). The same results were obtained when the changes in the loading conditions of the heart produced by Bay K were controlled by mechanical manoeuvers or after beta-blockade with @entity1169 . When @entity12374 was administered in amounts that will produce equal contractile changes as Bay K, a decrease in PB was also observed (from -14.7 +/- 1.6 to -27.7 +/- 6.1 mmHg (P less than 0.05]. Tz decreased from 29.6 +/- 3.6 to 22.5 +/- 2.9 ms (P less than 0.05) and no changes in T1 (52.5 +/- 5 vs 52.4 +/- 7.3 ms, N.S.) were detected. The decrease in the asymptote reported herein could induce a false decrease in the time constant if the altered values of PB are not considered, or another method of calculation of the time constant is used. Neither Bay K nor elevated extracellular @entity460 concentration modified the diastolic compliance. Changes in loading conditions or a @entity268 pathway can be ruled out as a cause of the decrease in PB, since the results were reproduced under controlled loading conditions and beta blockade. These data suggest that increasing cytosolic @entity460 does not alter either the relaxation rate or the diastolic compliance but does decrease the value toward left ventricular pressure decays.

title: The effects of @entity9898 on diastolic function in the XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) and its metabolite @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ) are common drinking water contaminants in the United States. Both chemicals have been implicated in causing @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) in @entity1 epidemiological and animal model studies. However, the latter studies have primarily focused on assessment of cardiac morphology at late embryonic stages. Here, we tested whether treating avian embryos with @entity4966 or @entity2974 during an exposure window encompassing @entity299 (Hamburger-Hamilton [HH] 3+) until the onset of chambering (HH 17) informs the etiology of @entity4297 at later stages of development. Embryos were exposed to @entity4966 or @entity2974 via direct injection into the yolk, over a range of doses that included each compound's maximum contaminant level as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A modified TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 Nick-End Labeling) assay indicated that neither compound induced apoptotic cell death in ventricular myocytes or endocardiocytes at HH 18. However, mid-range dosages of @entity4966 increased myocyte and endocardiocyte proliferation by this time, as determined by monitoring @entity1603 incorporation; in contrast, an intermediate dose of @entity2974 inhibited proliferation in endocardiocytes. These cellular changes had no apparent functional consequences because all measured hemodynamic parameters were normal for @entity4966 - and @entity2974 -exposed embryos at HH 18, HH 21, and HH 23. In summary, @entity4966 or @entity2974 exposure during the @entity299 window has only minimal effects on the developing avian heart. These results sharply contrast with our previously reported observations following administration of equivalent doses during a window of valvuloseptal morphogenesis. Taken together, these findings indicate that, as for other teratogens, sensitivity is dictated by the embryo's stage of development.

title: Cardiogenic effects of @entity4965 and XXXX following exposure during heart specification of avian development.

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac specification']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity2804 :: (MESH:D014238,Chemical) :: ['trichloroacetic acid']


abstract: Pharmacogenomics, the study on genetic contributions to drug action may help in certifying @entity3575 @entity137 . @entity3575 is used clinically as an adjunct to surgical anesthesia and for @entity1118 management. Its @entity137 may be partially due to @entity12325 ( @entity12325 ) 3A4*1B and 3A5*3 variant alleles, resulting in variable @entity3575 metabolism. In this study, we examined 25 @entity3575 -related @entity204 (22 Caucasians, 1 African-American, and 2 Native-Americans) from the Milwaukee County Medical Examiner's Office and referral cases. @entity3575 and @entity52806 in postmortem blood samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. The samples were then genotyped for @entity5322 *1B and 3A5*3 using Pyrosequencing. Genotyping showed: 1 @entity5322 *1B homozygous and @entity5396 *3 heterozygous, 1 compound @entity5322 *1B and @entity5396 *3 heterozygous, 22 @entity5322 *1B wild type and @entity5396 *3 homozygous, and 1 @entity5396 *3 and @entity5322 *1B wild type. @entity12325 variant allelic frequencies of the 25 cases were 6% for @entity5322 *1B and 92% for @entity5396 *3, compared with normal Caucasian @entity5322 *1B, 3-8%, and @entity5396 *3, 85-95%. The mean @entity3575 concentration and metabolic ratio of @entity3575 to @entity52806 of the 2 cases with @entity5322 *1B and @entity5396 *3 variants were 12.8 and 1.4 microg/L, respectively, lower than those of 22 cases with wild type @entity5322 *1B and @entity5396 *3 homozygous variants, 16.7 and 7.3 microg/L, respectively. The postmortem/in vivo data provided the first scientific evidence that @entity5396 is involved in the @entity3575 metabolism, and homozygous @entity5396 *3 causes impaired metabolism of @entity3575 , and genotyping @entity5322 *1B and 3A5*3 variants may help to certify the @entity3575 @entity137 .

title: Pharmacogenomics as molecular autopsy for forensic toxicology: genotyping @entity12325 3A4*1B and 3A5*3 for 25 XXXX cases.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity52806 :: ('MESH:C080127', 'Chemical') :: ['norfentanyl']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: Electrical devices can be used for preventing and terminating @entity591 and for achieving hemodynamic improvement during a continuing @entity591 . Conventional approaches to @entity591 prevention include pacing at physiologic rates to prevent brady-cardia-related @entity591 or @entity591 associated with @entity1162 . More exotic techniques, such as those involving stimulation during the refractory period, are undergoing investigation. Some @entity591 cannot be easily terminated or recur incessantly. Hemodynamics can be improved by pacing methods that result in a narrower QRS complex by coupled pacing and, in @entity4710 , by pacing rapidly enough to create @entity713 . Most clinical @entity591 are caused by reentry. Careful analysis of the timing of individual stimuli that successfully terminate @entity591 indicate that critical relations exist in the conduction velocity, refractoriness and physical properties and dimensions of the reentry circuit and the remaining myocardium. Elucidating these relations has permitted inferences into the mechanisms by which pacing terminates or accelerates @entity591 . A vast number of pacing patterns have evolved for use in @entity591 termination. None of these appear to be foolproof. There is widespread and justified concern about the risk of acceleration of @entity591 when antitachycardia pacing is used in the ventricle. Experience indicates that only a few @entity1 are suitable for termination of @entity1165 by pacing, but these carefully selected @entity1 may do well. Both the results and the potential for widespread use may be better with pacing for termination of @entity4710 . Life-threatening @entity591 or fibrillation can be terminated by direct-current countershock. Although many technical problems remain, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, possibly combined with antitachycardia pacemakers, will play an increasing role in the management or serious @entity943 .

title: Electrical devices for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'supraventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QT-interval syndromes']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of dose-dense and -intense sequential @entity632 (A), @entity1311 (T) and @entity786 (C) as adjuvant therapy for @entity0 ( @entity0 ) with >or=4 ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited after @entity0 surgery if >or=4 axillary nodes were involved by @entity5 . Planned treatment was A 90 mg/m(2) three times every 14 days (q14d x 3), T 250 mg/m(2) @entity8429 /m(2) q14d x 3 combined with filgrastim support. RESULTS: The study enrolled 85 eligible @entity1 . The median number of lymph nodes involved was 9. Mean dose intensity was >94% of planned for each drug. Common grade 3 @entity137 included @entity1209 (24%), @entity33 (18%), @entity16 (16%), @entity5515 (12%), @entity925 (6%) and @entity4841 (6%). Grade 3/4 @entity1398 occurred in 77 (91%) @entity1 , and 32 (38%) @entity1 had @entity221 . One @entity1 developed @entity3052 . Sixty-nine (81%) @entity1 are alive, and 59 (69%) @entity1 are alive and free of distant disease at a median follow-up of 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: ATC is a feasible regimen for adjuvant therapy of high-risk @entity0 , with a relatively low rate of relapse at the 5-year follow up.

title: Five-year update of an expanded phase II study of dose-dense and -intense @entity632 , @entity1311 and @entity786 (ATC) in high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This review is one in a series of reviews of interventions for lateral @entity158 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness and safety of @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) for lateral @entity158 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Searches of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2004), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Science Citation Index (SCISEARCH) were conducted in February 2005, unrestricted by date. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included nine trials that randomised 1006 @entity1 to @entity1457 or placebo and one trial that randomised 93 @entity1 to @entity1457 or @entity134 injection. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: For each trial two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality and extracted data. Methodological quality criteria included appropriate randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding, number lost to follow up and intention to treat analysis. Where appropriate, pooled analyses were performed. If there was significant heterogeneity between studies or the data reported did not allow statistical pooling, individual trial results were described in the text. MAIN RESULTS: Eleven of the 13 pooled analyses found no significant benefit of @entity1457 over placebo. For example, the weighted mean difference for improvement in @entity158 (on a 100-point scale) from baseline to 4-6 weeks from a pooled analysis of three trials (446 @entity1 ) was -9.42 (95% CI -20.70 to 1.86) and the weighted mean difference for improvement in @entity158 (on a 100-point scale) provoked by resisted wrist extension (Thomsen test) from baseline to 12 weeks from a pooled analysis of three trials (455 @entity1 ) was -9.04 (95% CI -19.37 to 1.28). Two pooled results favoured @entity1457 . For example, the pooled relative risk of treatment success (at least 50% improvement in @entity158 with resisted wrist extension at 12 weeks) for @entity1457 in comparison to placebo from a pooled analysis of two trials (192 @entity1 ) was 2.2 (95% CI 1.55 to 3.12). However this finding was not supported by the results of four other individual trials that were unable to be pooled. @entity134 injection was more effective than @entity1457 at 3 months after the end of treatment assessed by a reduction of @entity158 of 50% from baseline (21/25 (84%) versus 29/48 (60%), p<0.05). Minimal adverse effects of @entity1457 were reported. Most commonly these were transient @entity158 , reddening of the skin and @entity390 and in most cases did not require treatment discontinuation or dosage adjustment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based upon systematic review of nine placebo-controlled trials involving 1006 @entity1 , there is " @entity902 " level evidence that shock wave therapy provides little or no benefit in terms of @entity158 and function in lateral @entity158 . There is " @entity575 " level evidence based upon one trial involving 93 @entity1 that @entity134 injection may be more effective than @entity1457 .

title: Shock wave therapy for lateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['ESWT', 'extracorporeal shock wave therapy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'elbow pain']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['elbow pain']


abstract: Hip @entity174 incidence has shown strong upward secular trends in many societies with wide differences in age adjusted incidence between nations. Falls and reduced physical activity have emerged as the strongest risk factors in epidemiological studies, while clinical investigations have pointed to secondary @entity2742 as an important candidate cause of the loss of femoral cortical bone in old age. Until recently there have been few studies performed directly on the region of interest in the proximal femur. Non-invasive methodology using 85Sr has now been developed by our group for measuring bone formation and (with concurrent serial DXA densitometry) resorption in the femoral neck. Bone turnover averaged about 8% annually in controls. A group of younger cases of @entity3330 showed similar indices of total and regional bone formation to a control group; but their resorption was higher. To further investigate this, a femoral neck bone biopsy technique has been developed which can be applied to @entity174 cases treated by arthroplasty. Preliminary studies have established that the anatomical asymmetry of the neck in cross-section is considerable and imposes restraints on the interpretation of smaller or incomplete femur biopsies. Prospects are quite good that, in the absence of @entity803 pre-labeling, mineralization can be studied by assessment of alkaline phosphatase-positive surfaces in cryostat sections. Moreover, such sections will permit study of other anatomically localized metabolic activities as well as antigen expression and osteocyte viability. Candidate mechanisms for the regional decline in bone quality as well as bone mass in subjects suffering @entity173 can now be investigated more effectively.

title: Bone remodeling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7345 Background: Surgery followed by radiotherapy (XRT) has obtained disappointing results in the treatment of IIIA(N2)-IIIB @entity1149 , while the adoption of neoadjuvant @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) appears, from clinical studies, able to improve the control of the disease and probably survival in these @entity1 . The combination of @entity900 (C) plus @entity136 (G), represents one of the most widely used treatment for advanced @entity1149 and has been adopted in our institution for the neoadjuvant therapy of @entity1149 . METHODS: @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 , received G 1000 mg/sqm on days 1,8 and C 100 mg/sqm on day 8 every 21 days, followed by a radiological evaluation and, in absence of progressive disease, by surgery and/or radiotherapy. When local treatment was not available in a short time, an additional CG course was planned. RESULTS: From July 2000 to July 2003 we have treated a consecutive series of 26 pts: 16 IIIA(N2) / 10 IIIB -20 M / 6 F - median age 63 y, range 49-75 y. The @entity7730 major @entity137 consisted of grade 3-4 @entity1398 and grade 3 @entity391 in 10 and 3 pts respectively. The objective responses consisted of 16 partial responses (61.5%), 3 stable diseases (11.5%), 6 progressions (23%). One @entity1 died after one course of @entity7730 for @entity583 and was not evaluable. Among pts with no progressive disease after @entity7730 , 13 were treated with surgery (plus XRT in 4 cases) and 6 with radiotherapy. The histological specimen of resected pts showed a complete remission in 4 cases, a down staging to stage I-II in 6 and a stage III in 3. After a median follow-up of 7 months (range 1-30 mos), 18 pts are alive and 8 are died; two pts died due to @entity260 . Out of the 4 pts obtaining a pCR, 2 are alive (7 and 27 mos after surgery) and 2 died in the postoperative period due to complications. CONCLUSIONS: Our data, obtained in the context of the clinical practice, appear to confirm the positive impact of the neoadjuvant @entity7730 reported in the literature, in terms of both RR (61.5%) and @entity5 downstaging . A longer follow up however is needed to evaluate any influence on survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Neoadjuvant treatment in the clinical practice of locally advanced @entity1149 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate distribution of levels of caregiver supervision at 1 year after @entity131 , and to determine neuropsychologic predictors of supervision level. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal design, concurrent measurement of neuropsychologic function and supervision level. SETTING: Seventeen Traumatic @entity1545 Model Systems centers. @entity1 : A total of 563 adults tested at 1 year postinjury; and a subgroup of 452 studied for neuropsychologic function in the absence of @entity73 or basic self-care, as assessed by high FIM instrument motor scores. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Supervision level measured by scores on @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ). RESULTS: Two thirds (69%) of the sample was rated as independent of supervision. @entity1 without significant dysfunction on motor FIM were grouped into supervision groups differing in intensity of time commitment from caregiver (independent, moderate supervision, heavy supervision). In univariate analyses, groups differed on demographic variables (education, race, productivity prior to injury), duration of altered consciousness, and all but 1 neuropsychologic measure. A binomial regression model (complementary log-log model) revealed that supervision at 1 year was predicted by education and scores on the Trail Making Test Part B and digits backward. CONCLUSIONS: Findings confirm the importance of preinjury status and measures of working @entity73 in predicting functional independence after @entity131 . The @entity1168 appears prone to ceiling effects in @entity1 followed prospectively after moderate to severe @entity131 .

title: The relationship between neuropsychologic function and level of caregiver supervision at 1 year after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['memory and cognitive flexibility', 'impairment in mobility']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Supervision Rating Scale', 'SRS']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a retrospective study aimed to report short-term outcome among @entity1 age > or =70 years surgically treated for @entity14 . METHODS: All @entity1 with the discharge diagnosis of @entity694 at St. Louis University Hospital from 1992 to 2002 were reviewed. @entity1 were assessed as to demographics, presenting symptoms, therapy, surgical morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-one @entity1 age > or =70 years with @entity14 were identified. The mean age was 78 years; 107/181 (59%) were females. @entity548 and change in bowel habits were the most common presenting symptoms. Fifty-four out of 181 (30%) were asymptomatic at diagnosis. The diagnosis was made by colonoscopy in 75% of the @entity1 . One hundred forty-three out of 181 (79%) had @entity694 ; 38/181 (21%) had @entity5 . Fourteen out of 181 (8%) did not undergo surgery. Twenty-two out of 181 (12%) were operated on as a surgical emergency. ASA classification was I-II in 52%, III in 34%, and IV-V in 14%. Nineteen out of 38 (50%) with @entity5 underwent a sphincter-preserving procedure. Overall, there was a 29% major morbidity from surgery. Thirty-day mortality was 11% (21 deaths). Only the development of a postoperative complication predicted mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly @entity1 tolerate surgery well for @entity694 in the short-term. Many @entity1 are asymptomatic at diagnosis. @entity341 are few and @entity1 have a favorable stage of disease. This data supports aggressive detection of @entity14 in asymptomatic elderly @entity1 who may harbor occult @entity14 .

title: XXXX in the elderly. High incidence of asymptomatic disease, @entity341 , and a favorable short-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical emergencies']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon and rectal cancer']


abstract: The high uptake of measles/mumps/ @entity2462 vaccine since October 1988 has had a major impact on @entity2462 susceptibility in @entity1 under five years of age, with interruption of the epidemic cycle and reduction in incidence to a low endemic level. The number of infections in pregnancy reported in England and Wales to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre fell to 23 in 1990, and to 12 and two, respectively, in 1991 and 1992. The reduction was greatest in parous @entity1 , a group who were previously at risk through exposure to their own @entity1 . During 1991, however, susceptibility in parous antenatal @entity1 rose from 0.7% to 1%, suggesting that post-partum immunisation rates may have declined recently. If continued, this could give rise to outbreaks of @entity13526 in the future during the brief periods of @entity2462 resurgence expected before disease elimination is achieved. Susceptibility among Asian @entity1 was four times higher than among non-Asians. Of the total of 94 births of congenitally infected @entity1 since January 1987, only 19 occurred during 1990-92 (but this may increase due to late diagnoses). Factors contributing to the continuing occurrence of @entity13526 include missed opportunities for immunisation at school or post-partum, maternal reinfection, and recent immigration into the United Kingdom. Twenty-two (24%) of the @entity1 giving birth to congenitally infected @entity1 since 1987 were Asian or Oriental @entity1 , of whom at least three acquired their infections abroad. Imported cases will be distinguished in future surveillance reports.

title: @entity2462 surveillance to December 1992: second joint report from the PHLS and National XXXX Surveillance Programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity13526 :: ('MESH:D012410', 'Disease') :: ['congenital rubella']

answer: @entity13526 :: (MESH:D012410,Disease) :: ['Congenital Rubella']


abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) decreases during @entity548 , and has been proposed as a new vital sign to assess cardiovascular stability in @entity130 @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to determine if any of the HRV metrics could accurately distinguish between individuals with different tolerance to simulated @entity548 . Specifically, we hypothesized that (1) HRV would be similar in low tolerant (LT) and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) subjects at @entity1163 when both groups are on the verge of @entity891 ; and (2) HRV could distinguish LT subjects at @entity1163 from hemodynamically stable @entity2101 subjects (i.e., at a submaximal level of @entity3485 ). Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) was used as a model of @entity548 in healthy @entity1 subjects, eliciting central @entity3485 to the point of @entity1163 (onset of @entity891 ). Subjects were classified as LT if @entity1163 occurred during the -15 to -60   mmHg levels of LBNP, and @entity2101 if symptoms occurred after LBNP of -60   mmHg. A total of 20 HRV metrics were derived from R-R interval measurements at the time of @entity1163 , and at one level prior to @entity1163 (submax) in LT and @entity2101 groups. Only four HRV metrics (Long-range Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, Forbidden Words, Poincar   Plot Descriptor Ratio, and Fractal Dimensions by Curve Length) supported both hypotheses. These four HRV metrics were evaluated further for their ability to identify individual LT subjects at @entity1163 when compared to @entity2101 subjects at submax. Variability in individual LT and @entity2101 responses was so high that LT responses overlapped with @entity2101 responses by 85-97%. The sensitivity of these HRV metrics to distinguish between individual LT from @entity2101 subjects was 6-33%, and positive predictive values were 40-73%. These results indicate that while a small number of HRV metrics can accurately distinguish between LT and @entity2101 subjects using group mean data, individual HRV values are poor indicators of tolerance to @entity3485 .

title: Heart Rate Variability during Simulated XXXX with Lower Body Negative Pressure in High and Low Tolerant Subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncopal symptoms', 'presyncope']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic collapse']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high tolerant', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although intravenous (IV) @entity10771 is effective against indolent @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ), IV administration for 3 to 5 consecutive days is inconvenient in an outpatient setting. To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of oral @entity10771 in @entity1 with indolent @entity1892 , we conducted a multicenter phase II study. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with relapsed indolent @entity1892 received @entity10771 tablets orally once daily on days 1 through 5 every 28 days for three to six cycles. The efficacy was separately analyzed in a @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ) cohort and indolent @entity1892 except for @entity1073 (IL) cohort. The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR). RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 , including 46 in the IL cohort (41 with @entity706 ) and six in the @entity1073 cohort, were registered, and all @entity1 were eligible. Forty-one @entity1 (79%) had received rituximab as prior therapy. In the IL cohort, the ORR and complete response rate were 65% (30 of 46 @entity1 ; 95% CI, 50% to 79%) and 30% (14 of 46 @entity1 ; 95% CI, 18% to 46%), respectively. One of six @entity1 with @entity1073 achieved a partial response. The median times to treatment failure for the 46 @entity1 in the IL cohort and for the six @entity1 in the @entity1073 cohort were 8.6 and 6.1 months, respectively. @entity1503 , including grade 4 @entity1398 (37%), were the most frequent @entity137 , and nonhematologic @entity137 were mild. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity10771 is highly effective in @entity1 with relapsed indolent @entity1892 who have mostly been pretreated with rituximab and is more convenient than the IV formulation.

title: Phase II study of oral @entity10771 in relapsed indolent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-NHL', "B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle-cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity10771 :: ('MESH:C042382', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine phosphate']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-Cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Analyses of adequacy of lymph node dissection during resection of @entity418 are based on @entity1 who have not undergone induction chemoradiotherapy. We sought to determine the minimum number of dissected lymph nodes necessary to ensure adequate staging after induction chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: A prospectively maintained thoracic surgery database was queried to identify consecutive @entity1 undergoing postinduction esophagectomy from 1996 to 2010. Cox proportional hazard and recursive partitioning survival analyses were performed. RESULTS: Complete lymph node data were available for 395 @entity1 . Mean age was 59.5 years, and 64 @entity1 (16%) were female. The median number of dissected lymph nodes was 8 (range, 0 to 63). When pathologic (p)T stage, pN stage, and the number of dissected lymph nodes were used as predictors, only pN stage (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 1.7) and age (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.04) independently predicted survival. Recursive partitioning was performed on 262 pN0 @entity1 using T stage and the number of dissected lymph nodes as predictors. No pN0 @entity1 with 28 lymph nodes dissected died during follow-up. For @entity1 with fewer than 28 lymph nodes dissected, the next prognostic factor was T stage. For @entity2558 -2 N0 @entity1 , the number of lymph nodes dissected did not affect survival. For pT3-4 N0 @entity1 , a significant survival decrement was noted for @entity1 with fewer than 7 lymph nodes dissected compared with those with more than 7 lymph nodes dissected. CONCLUSIONS: T stage determines prognosis in postinduction pN0 @entity1 with fewer than 28 lymph nodes evaluated. Postinduction pT3N0 @entity1 with fewer than 7 lymph nodes evaluated are understaged.

title: The Prognostic Importance of the Number of Dissected Lymph Nodes After Induction Chemoradiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Immediate postoperative @entity3747 is the most common complication of bilateral thyroidectomy. Although @entity3747 is usually transient, it can be fatal. This study aimed to find a predictor of immediate postoperative @entity3747 by using intact @entity461 ( @entity461 ) level at 4  hours after thyroidectomy (iPTH4hr) compared with the decline in the percentage of intact @entity461 (%iPTH). We also followed the subjects for evaluation of @entity2319 . METHODS: This was a prospective study of 65 @entity1 (86.2% female, mean age: 43  15  years) who planned to undergo total or subtotal thyroidectomy. Preoperative and iPTH4hr were measured. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 (60%) were diagnosed with @entity3557 , while the rest were @entity1376 (21.5%) and @entity2743 (7.7%). Significant immediate @entity3747 was observed in 25 (38.5%) @entity1 . Both iPTH4hr <12.5  pg/mL and %iPTH decline >72% could accurately predict significant immediate @entity3747 . Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) for iPTH4hr were 92%, 87.5%, 82.1%, and 94.6%, respectively. The %iPTH decline was equal in accuracy, with sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV of 84%, 90%, 84%, and 90%, respectively. At 6  months after surgery, 19 @entity1 (29.2%) displayed @entity2319 . The iPTH4hr <12.5  pg/mL and %iPTH decline >72% could also predict @entity2319 , with sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV of 100%, 80.4%, 67.9%, and 100%, and 94.7%, 84.8%, 72%, and 97.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Only a single measurement of iPTH4hr could be helpful in identifying @entity1 at risk of significant immediate @entity3747 in need prompt treatment, and subsequently facilitating early discharge of @entity1 . Also, this parameter can precisely predict @entity2319 .

title: Single measurement of intact XXXX after thyroidectomy can predict transient and @entity2319 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']