abstract: AIM: To analyze the effect of @entity5217 on @entity1735 metabolic parameters, @entity413 values after standard breakfast in particular, in @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 aged 57.6 +/- 9.4 years with a 4.4 +/- 4.0-year history of @entity2175 received @entity5217 in a daily dose of 10.9 +/- 4.4 mg in combination with diet therapy for 3 months. @entity1211 was determined before and at the end of the fasting test, 60 and 120 minutes after a standard breakfast test. The area under the glycemic curve was calculated using the trapezoidal method during the standard breakfast test. Out of all possible formulas reflecting a blood @entity413 increase in relative values during the test, there were two most acceptable formulas that were chosen for further calculations: (1) the contribution of postprandial glycemia exceeding fasting glycemia to postprandial glycemia exceeding 6.1 mmol/l (OS(1/2)); (2) that of postprandial glycemia exceeding the glycemia of 6.1 mmol/l to postprandial glycemia in the standard breakfast test ( @entity21535 /S). RESULTS: Follow 3-month therapy, glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) decreased from 8.7 +/- 1.8 to 7.0 +/- 1.0% (p < 0.0001), fasting plasma @entity413 reduced from 9.8 +/- 2.7 to 8.3 +/- 1.7 mmol/l (p < 0.01); it decreased from 14.8 +/- 3.9 to 13.2 +/- 3.3 mmol/l (p < 0.01) and from 13.3 +/- 3.6 to 11.1 +/- 3.0 mmol/l ( @entity13676 hours after the load test, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the total area under the glycemic curve (S)--from 1583.5 +/- 405.8 to 1375.7 +/- 320.1 mmol/l x rmin. However, there were no significant changes. There was a significant increase in the relative value OS(1/2) from 51.7 +/- 17.7 to 62.8 +/- 20.0% and a significant reduction in @entity21535 /S. Analysis of the area in relative values (OS(1/2) and @entity21535 /S) obviates the ambiguousness of the results obtained when analyzing the area in absolute values. CONCLUSION: @entity5217 treatment causes a statistically significant reduction in fasting and postprandial plasma @entity413 levels, glycated hemoglobin, and relative area values during the standard breakfast test.

title: [Correlation of HBA(1c) and postprandial glycemia during a standard breakfast test in @entity1 with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous plasma glycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5217 :: (MESH:D005905,Chemical) :: ['glibenclamide']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the pattern of symptoms, predominant bowel habits and quality of life (QOL) by the Chinese version of the SF-36 in @entity1744 ( @entity1129 ) consulters in Zhejiang province. METHODS: From January 2001 to January 2002, 662 Roma II criteria-positive @entity1129 @entity1 were enrolled by gastroenterologists in 10 hospitals from @entity21149 Center of Zhejiang (DDCZ). @entity1 were classified into @entity1142 predominant @entity1129 ( @entity1129 -C), @entity294 predominant @entity1129 ( @entity1129 -D) and alternating @entity1142 and @entity294 ( @entity1129 ) according to the predominant bowel habits. All @entity1 were evaluated for the demographic checklists, @entity29 , extra-colonic symptoms, and QOL by Chinese version of the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: (1) Besides @entity490 , the predominant colonic symptoms were in order of altered stool form, abnormalities of stool passage, abdominal distension and passage of mucus in @entity1129 @entity1 . Also, @entity1129 subjects reported generalized body discomfort and psychosocial problems including dyspeptic symptoms, poor appetite, heartburn, @entity10 , @entity615 , difficulty with urination, fatigue, @entity148 and @entity308 . (2) @entity1129 -C and @entity1129 are more common among female @entity1 , whereas male @entity1 experienced more cases of @entity1129 -D. In regards to the @entity1129 symptoms, there were significant differences among @entity1129 subgroups. @entity490 (frequency > or =2 days per week and duration > or =1 hour per day) was frequent in @entity1129 @entity1 (P=0.010 and 0.027, respectively), @entity1129 -D @entity1 more frequently experienced the passage of mucus, dyspeptic symptoms and @entity148 (P=0.000, 0.014 and 0.015, respectively). (3) @entity1129 @entity1 experienced significant impairment in QOL, decrements in QOL were most pronounced in vitality, general health, mental health, and @entity158 . Compared with the general population (adjusted for gender and age), @entity1129 @entity1 scored significantly lower on all SF-scales (P<0.001), except for physical function scale (P=0.149). (4) QOL was impaired in all subgroups, particularly in scales of vitality, general health and mental health. Compared with @entity1129 -D, QOL in @entity1129 -C scored significantly lower on physical function, role physical, general health, role emotional, and mental health scales (P=0.037, 0.040, 0.039, 0.005 and 0.026, respectively). CONCLUSION: Besides colonic symptoms, @entity1129 could cause generalized body discomfort and psychosocial problems. The @entity1129 subgroups based on predominant bowel habits are helpful to identify clinical distinction of the @entity1129 . QOL is significantly impaired in @entity1129 @entity1 . The Chinese version of the SF-36 health survey scales may be a useful measurement of @entity1129 @entity1 .

title: XXXX consulters in Zhejiang province: the symptoms pattern, predominant bowel habit subgroups and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'diarrhea IBS']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBS bowel symptoms']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity21149 :: ('MESH:D004066', 'Disease') :: ['Digestive Disease']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: Previous genetic association studies of physical activity, in both animal and @entity1 models, have been limited in number of subjects and genetically homozygous strains used as well as number of genomic markers available for analysis. Expansion of the available @entity19 physical activity strain screens and the recently published dense single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map of the @entity19 genome (approximately 8.3 million SNPs) and associated statistical methods allowed us to construct a more generalizable map of the @entity23398 ( @entity23398 ) associated with physical activity. Specifically, we measured wheel running activity in male and female @entity19 (average age 9 wk) in 41 inbred strains and used activity data from 38 of these strains in a haplotype association mapping analysis to determine @entity23398 associated with activity. As seen previously, there was a large range of activity patterns among the strains, with the highest and lowest strains differing significantly in daily distance run (27.4-fold), duration of activity (23.6-fold), and speed (2.9-fold). On a daily basis, female @entity19 ran further (24%), longer (13%), and faster (11%). Twelve @entity23398 were identified, with three (on Chr. 12, 18, and 19) in both male and female @entity19 , five specific to males, and four specific to females. Eight of the 12 @entity23398 , including the 3 general @entity23398 found for both sexes, fell into intergenic areas. The results of this study further support the findings of a moderate to high heritability of physical activity and add general genomic areas applicable to a large number of @entity19 strains that can be further mined for candidate genes associated with regulation of physical activity. Additionally, results suggest that potential genetic mechanisms arising from traditional noncoding regions of the genome may be involved in regulation of physical activity.

title: Strain screen and haplotype association mapping of wheel running in inbred XXXX strains.

entities_list: @entity23398 :: ('OMIM:612306', 'Disease') :: ['quantitative trait loci', 'QTL']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity141 signaling is a key regulator of B lymphocyte cell fate and defects in this signaling pathway have been reported in @entity66 such as @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). @entity1072 is a @entity8624 characterized by the accumulation of mature monoclonal @entity5893 (+) B cells. Although @entity1072 could be considered to be a @entity66 , most circulating @entity1072 cells are arrested in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and present both defects in @entity460 ( @entity141 ) homeostasis and signaling. The @entity141 response to antigen ligation is heterogeneous and related, in part, to defects arising from the incapacity to respond to B cell receptor (BCR) engagement (anergy), to the expression of T cell kinases (e.g. @entity6755 ), and to the presence of negative feedback regulation by phosphatases (e.g. @entity9196 ). Anergic @entity5893 (+) @entity1072 cells are characterized by an elevated basal @entity141 level, IgM/CD79 downregulation, a constitutive activation of BCR pathway kinases, and an activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT). Based on the @entity141 response, @entity1 are classified into three groups: unresponders, responders with apoptosis, and responders with entry in the cell cycle. Moreover, internal and direct interaction between leukemic BCR-HCDR3 epitopes at the plasma membrane and interaction between @entity588 and the @entity9197 at the endoplasmic reticulum are also suspected to interfere with the intracellular @entity141 homeostasis in @entity1072 -B cells. As a whole, the @entity141 pathway is emerging to play a key role in malignant @entity1072 -B survival, disease progression, and last but not least, in the therapeutic response.

title: @entity460 signaling and cell fate: how can XXXX signals contribute to wrong decisions for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemic B lymphocyte outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['numerous diseases', 'proliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'CLL B']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['B cell clonal disorder']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) inhibit the response of allogeneic T lymphocytes in culture. Because the mechanisms of this effect may differ according to the existence of cell contact, we investigated the differences in gene expression of inhibitory molecules during MSC-T lymphocyte coculture when cell contact does and does not occur. @entity1 MSC and T lymphocytes were cultured together in standard and transwell cultures. MSC gene expression was analyzed by semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR. MSC elicited a high dose-dependent inhibition of T lymphocytes in cultures with cell contact, but inhibition occurred even without cell contact. In both cases, we observed significant upregulation of @entity9218 , @entity8020 , and @entity6393 , along with downregulation of @entity11968 and @entity1570 . In cultures with cell contact, @entity688 and @entity2533 transcripts were expressed in a significantly higher level than in cultures without this contact. Furthermore, in the latter, the increased inhibition of T-cell proliferation was positively correlated with @entity9218 gene expression and negatively correlated with @entity1570 gene expression. MSC appear to induce T-cell tolerance by two distinct mechanisms. The first of these, which does not require cell contact, induces expression of the tolerogenic genes @entity9218 , @entity8020 , and @entity6393 . The second mechanism, which is contact dependent, modulates @entity688 and @entity2533 gene expression. These two mechanisms probably play separate roles in MSC-induced tolerance in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

title: Identification of XXXX and @entity2533 transcripts involved in the inhibition of T-lymphocyte proliferation during cell contact with @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells.

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether a history of stressful life events and @entity1162 are associated with arrhythmic events in @entity1162 (LQTS). METHODS: @entity1 who had a molecularly established mutation of @entity9677 , @entity9678 or @entity1788 channel and were thus diagnosed as @entity1 with @entity9677 , @entity9678 and @entity1788 (n=566), accordingly. The control group consisted of their 614 non-affected relatives. A history of stressful life events was indexed by the major stressful life events. @entity1162 was indexed by vital exhaustion (VE), which was measured with the Maastricht Questionnaire. RESULTS: Multinomial logistic regression analysis including @entity1 with LQTS with and without arrhythmic events and the control subjects showed an age- and sex-adjusted association of stressful life events OR=1.15 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.22) and VE (OR=3.33 (95% CI 1.63 to 6.78)) with symptomatic status of LQTS. Symptomatic @entity1 with LQTS had experienced more stressful life events (OR=1.16 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.24)) and the level of VE (OR=3.40 (95% CI 1.44 to 8.03)) was more than three times higher among @entity1 with LQTS with arrhythmic events than in asymptomatic LQTS mutation carriers. The association between stressful life events and arrhythmic events was independent of age, sex, specifically focused medication and LQTS subtype. CONCLUSIONS: A history of stressful life events and @entity1162 are associated with arrhythmic events in LQTS in this large sample of molecularly defined @entity1 with LQTS. It is important for future studies to assess how strong these predisposing factors are for arrhythmic events in LQTS.

title: A history of stressful life events, XXXX and arrhythmic events in @entity1162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['inherited long QT syndrome', 'Prolonged mental stress', 'prolonged mental stress']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['prolonged mental stress']


abstract: The cellular sources or molecular mechanisms responsible for the derangement of vasoactive prostanoid levels during immunosuppressive @entity205 (CSA) therapy have not been defined. Using cultured @entity35 glomerular mesangial cells (MC), the cytostatic, cytotoxic and prostanoid synthesis modulating effects of CSA and @entity1140 have been measured and compared with the immunosuppressive action of these drugs. Both, CSA and @entity1140 inhibited proliferation of MC at similar doses (IC50 approximately 1 microgram.ml-1). Lymphoproliferation was suppressed with IC50s of 50 ng.ml-1 and < 1 ng.ml-1, respectively. In contrast, and unlike @entity1140 , CSA caused mesangiolysis (IC50 = 4.5 micrograms.ml-1) and concentration dependently inhibited the @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ) stimulated mesangial cell release of TXB2 at nanomolar doses (IC50 = 50 ng.ml-1). In kinetic experiments (6-48 h), CSA 1 ng.ml-1 partially and 1 microgram.ml-1 completely abolished the @entity3426 augmented mesangial secretion TXB2 at all the time points tested. Both, low and high doses of CSA reduced @entity1421 release by only 20-40% and then not until at least 24 h of incubation. Measuring enzymatic capacity of membrane fractions of MC to generate TXB2 or @entity1421 from added @entity1426 (10(-5) M), @entity870 (0.1-1000 ng.ml-1) caused a dose dependent reduction in cyclooxygenase (COX)/ @entity2871 synthase activity up to 76%, while @entity1421 synthesis (COX/ @entity3009 synthase) was decreased by 34%. Immunoblots with a specific @entity9774 antiserum revealed that @entity9774 protein expression of MC was not affected by CSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity205 and XXXX on glomerular mesangial cells. Evidence for direct inhibition of @entity2871 synthase by low @entity205 concentrations.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK-506']


abstract: A 5% eutectic mixture of the two local anaesthetics @entity3303 and @entity5403 ( @entity5404 , Astra L  kemedel AB) has been tested for application to the skin in the removal of split skin grafts. EMLA is an oil-in-water emulsion cream, containing 50 mg of active substances per ml (25 mg @entity3303 , 25 mg @entity5403 ). The cream has been used on the donor sites of 146 @entity1 and was applied a minimum of 1 h 30 min before surgery. 123 @entity1 (84.3%) experienced adequate analgesia, feeling only the pressure of the dermatome or @entity158 without objection to the skin graft being cut. 20 @entity1 (13.7%) described the @entity158 as being moderate, but the operation could be completed without further local or general anaesthesia. Three @entity1 (2.0%) needed additional anaesthesia. Six @entity1 complained of slight transient @entity146 immediately after application. After removal of the cream, erythema was present in 42 @entity1 , pallor in 62 and @entity4 in 14. The concentrations of @entity3303 and @entity5403 in the blood were measured in 106 @entity1 and did not exceed 1100 ng @entity4654 for @entity3303 and 200 ng @entity4654 for @entity5403 . There were no systemic side-effects.

title: An anaesthetic XXXX / @entity5403 cream (EMLA) for epicutaneous application tested for cutting split skin grafts.

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'slight pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: Rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities were evaluated on roots and leaves of growth chamber-grown lettuce ( @entity12681 .) cv. Green Forest) plants by culture-dependent and -independent methods after soil fumigation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with 16S rRNA primers followed by cloning and sequencing was used to identify major rRNA bands from the rhizosphere and phyllosphere. Three weeks after fumigation, there were no differences (P = 0.16) in rhizosphere microbial communities between the fumigated treatments and the control. The same effect was observed during week seven after fumigation (P=0.49). Also, no significant differences (P=0.49) were found in the phyllosphere microbial communities between the fumigated treatments and the control during the growth period of the plant. A majority of the bands in the rhizosphere were related to known bacterial sequences with a 96 to 100 % sequence similarity. Some of the derived sequences were related to @entity3437 . tomato DC300 and @entity22290 . A total of 23 isolates were identified from leaf surface by both culture-dependent and independent methods, and only @entity22291 was found on leaf surface using both techniques. All the Biolog isolates from phyllosphere were from the Proteobacteria phylum compared to the culture-independent bands from the leaves that were from different bacterial phyla. Based on our data, @entity5495 ( @entity5496 ) and @entity11906 ( @entity17849 ) did not have any significant negative effects on rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities throughout the growing period of lettuce.

title: Influence of soil fumigation by @entity5495 and XXXX on rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial community structure.

entities_list: @entity22291 :: ('29488', 'Species') :: ['Photorhabdus luminescens']

entities_list: @entity12681 :: ('4236', 'Species') :: ['Lactuca sativa (L']

entities_list: @entity11906 :: ('MESH:C014055', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl iodide']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae pv']

entities_list: @entity22290 :: ('224911', 'Species') :: ['Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110']

entities_list: @entity5495 :: ('MESH:C005218', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl bromide']

answer: @entity11906 :: (MESH:C014055,Chemical) :: ['methyl iodide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Constitutional delay of @entity851 (CDGP) is the most common cause of pubertal delay. CDGP is defined as the proportion of the normal population who experience pubertal onset at least 2 SD later than the population mean, representing 2.3% of all adolescents. While adolescents with CDGP spontaneously enter @entity1175 , they are at risk for @entity851 , decreased bone mineral density, and psychosocial problems. Genetic factors contribute heavily to the timing of @entity1175 , but the vast majority of CDGP cases remain biologically unexplained, and there is no definitive test to distinguish CDGP from pathological absence of @entity1175 during adolescence. Recently, we published a study identifying significant linkage between a locus at the pericentromeric region of chromosome 2 (chr 2) and CDGP in Finnish families. To investigate this region for causal variation, we sequenced chr 2 between the genomic coordinates of 79-124 Mb (genome build GRCh37) in the proband and affected parent of the 13 families contributing most to this linkage signal. One gene, @entity21155 , harbored 6 protein-altering low-frequency variants (< 6% in the Finnish population) in 10 of the CDGP probands. We sequenced an additional 135 unrelated Finnish CDGP subjects and utilized the unique Sequencing Initiative Suomi (SISu) population reference exome set to show that while 5 of these variants were present in the CDGP set, they were also present in the Finnish population at similar frequencies. Additional variants in the targeted region could not be prioritized for follow-up, possibly due to gaps in sequencing coverage or lack of functional knowledge of non-genic genomic regions. Thus, despite having a well-characterized sample collection from a genetically homogeneous population with a large population-based reference sequence dataset, we were unable to pinpoint variation in the linked region predisposing delayed @entity1175 . This study highlights the difficulties of detecting genetic variants under linkage regions for complex traits and suggests that advancements in annotation of gene function and regulatory regions of the genome will be critical for solving the genetic background of complex phenotypes like CDGP.

title: Targeted Resequencing of the Pericentromere of Chromosome 2 Linked to Constitutional XXXX and Puberty.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth and puberty', 'short stature']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['Delay of Growth']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 is the surgical treatment of choice in @entity1 with @entity31 . Strictures can occur at the inlet and outlet of the pouch. @entity384 has been successfully used in @entity1 with @entity30 at the small intestine and colon. There are no published trials on endoscopic balloon therapy of @entity850 . AIM: To evaluate outpatient @entity384 in @entity4628 . METHODS: @entity1 underwent nonfluoroscopy-guided, nonsedated, outpatient endoscopic dilations with an 8.6-mm upper endoscope and through-the-scope balloons (size: 11-18 mm). Pre- and posttreatment @entity5042 Activity Index symptom scores (range: 0-6), endoscopic stricture scores based on resistance in passing the endoscope (range: 0-4), and Cleveland Global Quality of Life were compared. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 with pouch strictures who had concurrent @entity30 of the pouch (n = 11), cuffitis (n = 5), and @entity5042 (n = 3), including 14 inlet and 14 outlet strictures, were enrolled. The mean number of strictures for each @entity1 was 1.61 +/- 0.78. All strictures were successfully dilated with the through-the-scope balloon, with a mean of 1.74 +/- 1.19 (range: 1-5) sessions for each @entity1 . Nine @entity1 had a second endoscopy at 8 wk and five @entity1 had a third pouch endoscopy at 16 wk after the initial endoscopic dilation. Endoscopic stricture scores immediately (0.30 +/- 0.47), 8 wk (0.40 +/- 0.51), and 16 wk (0.44 +/- 0.76) after the dilation were significantly improved compared to the predilation stricture scores (2.67 +/- 0.78). The symptom scores and quality-of-life (QOL) scores improved at week 8 and 16 following dilation, with a mean follow-up of 6.10 +/- 5.83 months (2-25 months). No complications were experienced with the procedure. One @entity1 with @entity1050 who failed endoscopic and medical therapy underwent pouch resection. CONCLUSION: In conjunction with medical therapy, outpatient @entity384 appears safe and effective in treating pouch inlet and outlet strictures, by relieving symptoms, restoring pouch patency, and improving QOL in the majority of @entity1 .

title: @entity384 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouches']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis Disease', 'pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic balloon dilation of strictures', 'Endoscopic balloon dilation', 'endoscopic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouch strictures']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's strictures", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['ileal pouch strictures']


abstract: Combined chemotherapy has demonstrated a degree of efficacy in @entity356 . As @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity900 are two of the most active drugs, we have tested the efficacy of combined @entity1487 and @entity900 in a prospective phase II trial. Cycles were administered every 4 weeks and consisted of @entity1487 1000 mg/m2/day 5 days continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion and @entity900 100 mg/m2 on day 2. Cycles were repeated according to tolerance and efficacy. 87 @entity1 entered the study, 57 with metastatic or recurrent @entity5 (M) and 30 with locally advanced @entity356 (LAGC). The response rate for the 83 evaluable @entity1 was 43% [95% confidence interval (CI) 30-56%]. There were four complete responses (5%), 32 partial responses (39%), 34 cases of stable disease and 13 cases of progressive disease. Responses were more frequent in @entity1 with a good performance status (P = 0.02), with their primary located in the @entity418 (P = 0.003), with a @entity5 form (P = 0.003) or a @entity5 containing less than 50% of independent cells (P = 0.016). Median survival was 9 months for the total population. It was better in @entity1 with a good performance status (P = 0.01), and those who did not have @entity9993 (P = 0.005). @entity137 was acceptable, although grade 3-4 @entity1398 was reported in 22% of the cycles, @entity33 in 14% and 3 @entity1 died of septic complications. The combination of @entity1487 and @entity900 is effective in terms of @entity5 response in advanced @entity356 and warrants testing with the other active regimens.

title: Efficacy of combined @entity1487 and @entity900 in advanced XXXX . A phase II trial with prognostic factor analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-linitis plastica tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity9993 :: ('MESH:D008039', 'Disease') :: ['linitis plastica']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']


abstract: The antitumoral effects of interferon (IFN) against @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) are considered to consist of a direct tumoricidal activity and an indirect action related to the host immune system. Monitoring to T lymphocytes is an immunological parameter to evaluate the antitumoral effects of IFN. To examine in detail the change of @entity405 positive cells reported previously, we analyzed the change of the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets using three color flowcytometry during the period of @entity379 administration. We administered recombinant @entity379 ) to the @entity1 with @entity1358 . Eighteen @entity1 received a prophylactic injection of @entity3692 (300 x 10(4) units per week) after nephrectomy. Among them three @entity1 developed distant metastases and one had local recurrence after the start of rIF-gamma therapy. We evaluated the immunological change by measurement of the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets consisting of activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (ACTL), activated suppressor T lymphocytes (ASTL), activated suppressor-inducer T lymphocytes (AITL), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), @entity1619 ( @entity1619 ), and suppressor-inducer T lymphocytes (SITL), from the start of @entity3692 injection. We also estimated the natural killer (NK) activity by a cytolytic test at the same points. NK activity consecutively increased throughout the period of administration of @entity3692 . We found significant enhancement of ACTL at the sixth month (P < 0.05), ASTL at the third month (P < 0.01) and NK activity at the second week, the first month, the third month and the sixth month (P < 0.01) after the start of @entity3692 injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunological study of the postoperative adjuvant treatment with @entity379 in XXXX with @entity1358 --measurement of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets with three color flow cytometry].

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['helper T lymphocytes', 'HTL']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell cancer', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Metronomic chemotherapy regimens have shown anti- @entity5 activity by anti-angiogenic mechanisms, however, the efficacy of metronomic topotecan in @entity43 is not known and the focus of the current study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In vivo dose-finding and therapy experiments with oral metronomic topotecan were performed in an orthotopic model of advanced @entity43 . @entity5 vascularity (MVD: @entity2279 ), proliferation ( @entity1364 ) and apoptosis (TUNEL) were examined among treatment arms. In vitro experiments including MTT and western blot analysis were performed to identify specific anti-angiogenic mechanisms of topotecan. RESULTS: Compared to controls, metronomic (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg; daily) and maximum tolerated therapy (MTD; 7.5 and 15 mg/kg; weekly) dosing regimens reduced @entity5 growth in dose-finding experiments, but significant morbidity and mortality was observed with higher doses. Metronomic and MTD topotecan therapy significantly reduced @entity5 growth in both HeyA8 and SKOV3ip1 models: 41-74% (metronomic), and 64-86% (MTD dosing) (p < 0.05 for both regiments compared to controls). Compared to controls, the greatest reduction in @entity5 MVD was noted with metronomic dosing (32-33%; p < 0.01). @entity5 cell proliferation was reduced (p < 0.001 vs. controls) and apoptosis increased in all treatment arms (p < 0.01 vs. controls) for both dosing regimens. Endothelial cells demonstrated a significantly higher sensitivity to topotecan using metronomic dosing versus MTD in vitro. Pro-angiogenic regulators Hif-1alpha and @entity7 levels were reduced in vitro (HeyA8 and SKOV3ip1) with topotecan independent of proteasome degradation and topoisomerase I. CONCLUSION: Metronomic topotecan may be a novel therapeutic strategy for @entity43 with significant anti- @entity5 activity and target modulation of key pro-angiogenic mediators.

title: Anti-angiogenic properties of metronomic topotecan in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: 1. Marked heterogeneity among species exists in the esophageal response to pharmacological agents. The present study compared the response to @entity750 in esophagus from the @entity35 , @entity840 , @entity95 and @entity235 . 2. The esophagus from all four species contracted to @entity5402 and to @entity3774 ; responses to @entity750 were the most variable among species. 3. @entity750 contracted the @entity840 and @entity95 esophagus; an effect blocked by @entity20367 (10(-7 M) and @entity6009 (10(-7) M), consistent with 5-HT2 receptor activation mediating this contraction. 4. @entity750 neither contracted nor relaxed the @entity235 esophagus and relaxed the @entity35 esophagus via 5-HT4 receptor activation as determined by antagonism with ICS 205-930 (-log KB = 6.4), @entity1769 (-log KB = 6.7) and its @entity13507 congener @entity20368 (-log KB = 7.9). Two @entity845 homologs of @entity20368 also had high 5-HT4 receptor affinity (-log KB = 7.7). 5. Thus, in @entity840 and @entity95 esophagus, @entity750 induced a contraction mediated by 5-HT2 receptors; and @entity750 neither contracted nor relaxed the @entity235 esophagus. In @entity35 esophagus, @entity750 induced a relaxation mediated by activation of 5-HT4 receptors.

title: 5-HT4 receptors in XXXX but not @entity840 , @entity95 or @entity235 esophageal smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: It is not clear whether glaucomatous @entity1781 is the end result of one pathological process or whether there are several mechanisms by which the final disease is manifest. The use of electrophysiological and psychophysical tests which measure the function of specific subdivisions of the visual pathways have been shown to be of use in the early diagnosis of @entity726 . In addition these results may help to elucidate the mechanisms of @entity227 in @entity1 with @entity726 . One hundred and ninety-three @entity1 with @entity2790 (intraocular pressure > 24 mmHg, with normal visual fields and optic discs), 30 with @entity726 and 35 controls underwent pattern electroretinogram (PERG), peripheral colour contrast thresholds, motion detection thresholds (MDT) and Humphrey automated visual fields at the same visit. For each test there was a significant proportion of @entity1 with abnormal results as has been found in previous studies of these techniques. However, there was a significant lack of correlation between the groups with only a small number of @entity1 having abnormalities on more than one test. Of the @entity1 demonstrating abnormal PERGs, 36% had abnormal colour contrast and 32% abnormal MDT, but only 15% were abnormal on both tests. Early @entity16 may be focal or diffuse in nature. Similarly there may be preferential @entity16 at different retinal layers. The results lend support to these hypotheses and give further evidence that more than one pathomechanism may be involved early in the @entity1650 .

title: Electrophysiology and psychophysics in @entity2790 and @entity726 : evidence for different pathomechanisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['loss of visual function']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to ganglion cells subserving different visual functions or damage', 'glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous process']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'early glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve damage']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['early glaucoma']


abstract: To evaluate the role of @entity60 ( @entity60 ) in IL-12- (interleukin-12)-induced inhibition of the inflammatory response in the eye during endotoxin-induced @entity1596 (EIU). C57BL/6 wild type @entity19 and @entity60 -deficient (GKO) @entity19 were injected with 250 microg of Salmonella typhymurium endotoxin as a model for EIU. Animals were then injected intraocularly with 100 ng of rIL-12 or the equivalent volume of @entity1391 -buffer saline (PBS). Histopathologic grading of disease was performed 12, 36 and 72 h after endotoxin injection. Chemokine mRNA expression in the eye was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Depletion of @entity11386 + cells in vivo was performed using a PK136 antibody. Depletion of @entity60 was performed using the R4-6A2 antibody. C57BL/6 @entity19 treated with rIL-12 intraocularly were protected from the development of EIU. Neutralization of @entity60 with a monoclonal antibody abrogated such protection. The IL-12 protective effects were lost in @entity11386 -depleted @entity19 . Intraocular IL-12 decreased the expression of keratinocyte-derived chemokines (KC) gene but had no effect on macrophage inflammatory protein ( @entity9701 ) gene. The protective effect of IL-12 during EIU occurs through production of @entity60 by @entity11386 + cells. IL-12-induced higher levels of @entity60 are also correlated with lower expression of the chemokine KC, resulting in diminished attraction of neutrophils to the inflammatory site.

title: @entity11386 cells downregulate XXXX endotoxin-induced @entity1596 following intraocular administration of interleukin-12.

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity65 begins early in life but might be prevented or delayed by primary prevention programs designed for @entity1 and adolescents. Regular physical activity is an important part of primary prevention programs, and school physical education programs have potential for the promotion of regular physical activity. @entity65 is the major cause of @entity204 among Hispanics and African Americans in the United States. Low levels of @entity410 and increased body mass index are common in African American and Hispanic adolescents. Increased physical activity and the adoption of healthy eating habits would increase @entity410 and reduce body mass index among these adolescents. The purpose of the study was to undertake a small-scale controlled trial to determine if Dance for Health, an intervention program designed to provide an enjoyable aerobic program for African American and Hispanic adolescents, has a significant effect on improving aerobic capacity, helping students maintain or decrease weight, and on improving attitudes toward physical activity and physical @entity410 . In the first year of the program (1990-91), approximately 110 @entity1 and @entity1 ages 10-13 years participated in an aerobic dance pilot program three times per week for 12 weeks. Dance for Health was revised and continued in the 1992-93 school year with seventh grade students and an added culturally sensitive health curriculum. Forty-three students were randomized to Dance for Health and 38 to usual physical activity. Those in the intervention class received a health education curriculum twice a week and a dance oriented physical education class three times a week. The usual physical activity consisted mostly of playground activities. Students in the intervention had a significantly greater lowering in body mass index and resting heart rate than students in regular physical activity.

title: Dance for health: improving XXXX in African American and Hispanic adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['fitness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives To compare @entity1028 screening outcomes of @entity1 with non-visualized aorta at original scan with subsequent scans and to determine predictors of non-visualized aorta. Methods In the Northern Ireland @entity1028 screening programme, outcomes (discharge, annual surveillance, three-monthly surveillance, or vascular referral) and @entity1 and programme characteristics (age, deprivation quintile, family history, technician experience, and screening location) for @entity1 with non-visualized aorta were investigated at original scan, and first and second rescans. Results Non-visualized aorta proportions were 2.9, 11.4, and 4.7% at original, first, and second rescan, respectively. There were no differences in screening outcomes between scanning stages (98.4, 97.6, and 97.4% <3   cm). There were 42 @entity1 (0.13%) with aortas >= 5.5   cm at original scan, but none at first and second rescan. A significantly greater proportion with non-visualized aorta were from more deprived (5.0%) than less deprived areas (1.7%). Deprivation quintile and staff role were significant independent non-visualized aorta predictors at original scan, and staff role at first rescan. @entity1 from less deprived areas were three times as likely to have aortas visualized than those from more deprived areas (OR   =   3.0, CI   =   2.4-3.8) at original scan. A @entity1 scanned by screening technician compared with lead sonographer was 51% less likely to have aorta visualized at original scan and 94% less likely at first rescan. Conclusions The risk of @entity1028 in @entity1 with non-visualized aorta on first or subsequent rescans is no more than for those with visualized aorta on original scanning. @entity1 from deprived areas are much more likely to have non-visualized aorta at original scan.

title: Non-visualized aorta in XXXX screening: Screening outcomes and the influence of subject and programme characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Members of the clonally variant @entity3964 erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) family mediate adhesion of infected erythrocytes (IEs) to vascular receptors. PfEMP1 expression is normally confined to nanoscale knob protrusions on the IE surface membrane. To investigate the relationship between the densities of these IE surface knobs and the PfEMP1 variant expressed, we used specific antibody panning to generate three sublines of the @entity3964 clone IT4, which expresses the PfEMP1 variants IT4VAR04, IT4VAR32b, and IT4VAR60. The knob density in each subline was then determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared to PfEMP1 and knob-associated @entity3793 -rich protein (KAHRP) expression. Selection for uniform expression of IT4VAR04 produced little change in knob density, compared to unselected IEs. In contrast, selection for IT4VAR32b expression increased knob density approximately 3-fold, whereas IEs selected for IT4VAR60 expression were essentially knobless. When IT4VAR60(+) IEs were subsequently selected to express IT4VAR04 or IT4VAR32b, they again displayed low and high knob densities, respectively. All sublines expressed KAHRP regardless of the PfEMP1 expressed. Our study documents for the first time that knob density is related to the PfEMP1 variant expressed. This may reflect topological requirements to ensure optimal adhesive properties of the IEs. IMPORTANCE: Infections with @entity3964 @entity311 parasites are still responsible for many @entity204 , especially among @entity1 and pregnant @entity1 . New interventions are needed to reduce severe @entity221 and @entity204 caused by this @entity311 parasite. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis is essential. A main reason why @entity3964 @entity311 is more severe than disease caused by other @entity311 species is its ability to express variant antigens on the infected erythrocyte surface. These antigens are presented on membrane protrusions known as knobs. This study set out to investigate the interplay between different variant antigens on the surface of @entity3964 -infected erythrocytes and the density of the knobs on which the antigens are expressed. Such a direct analysis of this relationship has not been reported before but adds to the important understanding of the complexity of @entity311 antigen presentation.

title: XXXX -Infected Erythrocyte Knob Density Is Linked to the PfEMP1 Variant Expressed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P.  falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: Integra dermal regeneration template (Integra Life Sciences, Plainsboro, N.J.) is an effective treatment for full-thickness burns. It can also be useful in @entity1159 release procedures; however, the clinical utility of a dermal regeneration template in @entity1159 release procedures has not been adequately characterized. In this multicenter investigation, the outcomes of release procedures incorporating a dermal regeneration template for 89 consecutive @entity1 , who underwent a total of 127 @entity1159 releases, were retrospectively evaluated. The procedures involved the application of Integra, which includes a temporary silicone epidermal substitute and an artificial dermal layer. After formation of a neodermis, the silicone layer is removed and replaced with an epidermal autograft. Data on @entity1 and @entity1159 site history, treatment methods, physician assessments of range of motion or function, @entity1 satisfaction, recurrence, and adverse events were collected with a standardized questionnaire. Release procedures for the study @entity1 involved the neck, axilla, trunk, elbow, knee, hand, and other anatomical sites. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 11.4 months. At 76 percent of the release sites, range of motion or function was rated as good (significant improvement in range of motion or function) or excellent (maximal range of motion or function possible) by physicians. Responding @entity1 expressed satisfaction with the overall results of treatment at 82 percent of the sites. No recurrence of @entity1159 at 75 percent of the sites was observed during follow-up monitoring. @entity1 age and prior surgical treatment at the site did not significantly affect the results of treatment. However, outcomes were superior at mature sites, i.e., those for which more than 12 months had elapsed since the original injury. @entity260 rarely necessitated regrafting. These results indicate that a dermal regeneration template provides a useful alternative technique for @entity1159 release procedures. The study data indicate that this approach leads to favorable functional outcomes and a high rate of @entity1 satisfaction. This modality also seems to be versatile, because a range of anatomical sites are amenable to treatment with a dermal regeneration template, regardless of prior surgical treatment, and both pediatric and adult @entity1 respond well to this form of therapy. Furthermore, Integra confers functional and cosmetic benefits similar to those of full-thickness grafts but without comparable potential for donor-site morbidity.

title: Use of dermal regeneration template in XXXX release procedures: a multicenter evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['contracture']


abstract: PCR amplification of the @entity6545 gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was investigated for the rapid detection and identification of @entity6402 complex genomovars directly from sputum. Successful amplification of the @entity6402 complex @entity6545 gene from @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 sputum samples containing @entity6402 genomovar I, @entity9180 , @entity7081 , @entity9179 stabilis, and @entity9181 was demonstrated. In addition, the genomovar identifications determined directly from sputum were the same as those obtained after selective culturing. Sensitivity experiments revealed that @entity6545 -based PCR could reliably detect @entity6402 complex organisms to concentrations of 10(6) CFU g of sputum(-1). To fully assess the diagnostic value of the method, sputum samples from 100 @entity1577 @entity1 were screened for @entity6402 complex infection by selective culturing and @entity6545 -based PCR. Selective culturing identified 19 samples with presumptive @entity6402 complex infection, which was corroborated by phenotypic analyses. Of the culture-positive sputum samples, 17 were also detected directly by @entity6545 -based PCR, while 2 samples were negative. The isolates cultured from both @entity6545 -negative sputum samples were subsequently identified as @entity9179 . RFLP analysis of the @entity6545 amplicons revealed 2 @entity1 (12%) infected with @entity9180 , 11 @entity1 (65%) infected with @entity7081 -A, and 4 @entity1 (23%) infected with @entity7081 -B. These results demonstrate the potential of @entity6545 -based PCR-RFLP analysis for the rapid detection and identification of @entity6402 complex genomovars directly from sputum. Where the sensitivity of the assay proves a limitation, sputum samples can be analyzed by selective culturing followed by @entity6545 -based analysis of the isolate.

title: PCR-based detection and identification of @entity6402 complex pathogens in sputum from @entity1577 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9180 :: ('87883', 'Species') :: ['B. multivorans', 'Burkholderia multivorans']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['B. cepacia', 'Burkholderia cepacia']

entities_list: @entity9179 :: ('28095', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia', 'Burkholderia gladioli']

entities_list: @entity7081 :: ('95486', 'Species') :: ['B. cepacia genomovar III']

entities_list: @entity9181 :: ('60552', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia vietnamiensis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic resection of @entity1820 ( @entity674 ) has been shown as feasible and safe in terms of oncologic results. However, laparoscopic resection has been demonstrated to be mainly suitable for small, favorably localized @entity674 . The robotic approach may, by its characteristics, enable the surgeon to perform atypical gastrectomies in an unfavorable location (i.e., close to pylorus or @entity418 ). Its use in oncologic gastric surgery has been poorly defined and has never been reported for @entity674 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent robotic-assisted gastric resection for @entity674 at a single institution from 2006 to 2009 were prospectively followed-up. RESULTS: There were 5 @entity1 (3 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ), with a median age of 39 years (range, 32-74), who had a complete resection (R0). Two @entity1 had a cardial @entity674 and 3 of the antrum. Median @entity5 sizes were of 5.5 cm (range, 4.2-7). According to Fletcher criteria, 4 @entity5 (80%) were classified as intermediate or high risk. No postoperative morbidity and mortality were noted. One @entity1 had a conversion to open surgery because of a suspicion of diffuse @entity420 on fresh frozen section and necessitated a total gastrectomy with a radical lymph node dissection. Median operation time was 192 minutes (range, 132-285). With a median follow-up of 18 months (range, 11-27), disease-free survival rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The da Vinci robot (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) is a valuable instrument for oncologically safe resection with esogastric or duodenogastric junction preservation for an unfavorably located @entity1820 . Moreover, the three-dimensional, high-definition vision, instrument mobility, and ease of performing a difficult suturing enable a safe, large atypical gastrectomy, close to the pylorus or @entity418 .

title: Robot-assisted oncologic resection for large XXXX : a preliminary case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST', 'gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: To define optimal regional treatment as initial management of locally advanced (Stage III _ IV) @entity0 , 509 @entity1 treated from 1966-1982 were reviewed. All @entity1 received comprehensive postoperative irradiation of the peripheral lymphatics and chest wall, following surgical procedures varying from incisional biopsy to classical radical mastectomy. @entity1 were followed from 1 to over 16 years. The survival rate at 5 and 10 years for the entire series is 41% and 26%. Fifty-eight @entity1 having radical surgery for T3 @entity5 and subsequently found to have negative axillary lymph nodes showed the highest rates of survival, 72% at 5 years and 57% at 10 years. This was significantly better (p less than .01) than @entity1 with T3N+ disease, (5 year survival 44%; 10 year, 29%) and @entity9069 + disease (44%, 39%). Four hundred seventy @entity1 with @entity189 and no supraclavicular @entity3 were considered technically resectable. Three hundred eighty-one of these @entity1 underwent a definitive surgical procedure removing all gross @entity5 prior to irradiation and, as expected, showed higher rates of @entity66 control than @entity1 having lesser surgery (79% versus 45%, p less than .01). These @entity1 also showed markedly better rates of survival and relapse-free survival with 50% alive and 38% disease free, versus 14 and 8%, at 5 years (p less than .01). There were no 10 year survivors among the 89 technically resectable @entity1 having less than total gross resection. Long term relapse-free survival of locally advanced @entity0 can be achieved with @entity146 combined local-regional therapy. Total resection of all gross @entity5 prior to irradiation is recommended. Modifications of postoperative radiation therapy techniques are suggested to further improve local control rates for these advanced @entity5 . This large series provides a baseline for evaluation of current programs adding adjuvant systemic therapy to regional treatment.

title: Locally advanced XXXX : results with combined regional therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9069 :: ('p|SUB|T|4|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T4N']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Effective medical expulsion for ureteric stones with a-blockers offers numerous advantages over surgical alternatives. However, its effectiveness remains uncertain and with the publication of new trial data, the available evidence requires reappraisal. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a-blockers the management of @entity1901 . METHODS: A systematic review of the literature, with predefined search criteria, was conducted using PubMed and Embase. All randomised trials comparing a-blocker monotherapy to placebo or standard therapy were included. Stone expulsion rate was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were time to stone expulsion, analgesic usage and @entity158 scores. Subgroup analyses assessed individual adrenergic antagonists and variations in standard therapy. Sensitivity analysis was based on stone location, stone size, Cochrane Risk of Bias score and study protocol. Summary effects were calculated using a random-effect model and presented as Relative risks (RR) and mean differences (MD) for dichotomous and continuous outcome measures, respectively. RESULTS: Sixty-seven studies randomising 6654 @entity1 were included in the meta-analysis. Stone expulsion rates improved with a-blockers (RR, 1.49; 95% CI 1.38-1.61). Contrast enhanced funnel showed evidence of publication bias. Stone expulsion time was 3.99  days (CI -4.75 to -3.23) shorter with a-blockers. Similarly, @entity1 required 106.53  mg [CI -148.20 to -64.86] less @entity3522 compared with control/placebo, and had 0.80 [CI -1.07 to -0.54] fewer @entity158 episodes. Visual Analogue Scores were also reduced, -2.43 [CI -3.87 to -0.99]. All formulations of a-antagonists all demonstrated beneficial effects over conservative treatment/placebo. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated significant effects of stone location, stone size and study design. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Despite the opposing results of recently published trial, current evidence continues to demonstrate a potential benefit of a-blocker treatment particularly for distal stones over 5  mm.

title: Alpha blockers in the management of XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric lithiasis']

answer: @entity1901 :: (MESH:D014515,Disease) :: ['ureteric lithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of knowledge on the incidence and management of suboptimal therapeutic effect and the complications associated with sacral nerve stimulation for @entity1241 and @entity1142 . OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review current literature on postoperative issues and to propose a treatment algorithm. DATA SOURCE: PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched using the keywords "sacral nerve stimulation," "sacral neuromodulation," " @entity1241 ," and " @entity1142 " for English-language articles published from January 1980 to August 2010. A further search was conducted on a wider literature using the keywords "complication," "adverse effect," "treatment failure," "equipment failure," " @entity281 ," " @entity16643 ," "reoperation," " @entity158 ," and "algorithm." STUDY SELECTION: Four hundred sixty-one titles were identified, and after a title and abstract review, 135 were subjected to full article review; 89 were finally included in this review. Five articles were added by manual search and consensus. RESULTS: Forty-eight studies were identified as cohort studies reporting on postoperative issues, including 1661 @entity1 who underwent percutaneous nerve evaluation and 1600 @entity1 who proceeded to sacral nerve stimulation therapy. Pooled data showed that the most common problem during percutaneous nerve evaluation was lead displacement (5.3%). The incidence of suboptimal outcome, @entity158 , and @entity281 after implantation was 12.1%, 13.0%, and 3.9%. LIMITATIONS: There was significant underreporting of untoward events, because 60% of the studies did not report complications during percutaneous nerve evaluation, and suboptimal outcome after implantation was not disclosed in 44% of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of untoward events associated with sacral nerve stimulation appears to be low. However, there is a significant underreporting of the incidence. Using the information from the structured and systematic literature review, we formulated a clinically relevant guideline for reporting and managing postoperative issues. The guideline can provide a framework for clinical practice.

title: Postoperative issues of sacral nerve stimulation for XXXX and @entity1142 : a systematic literature review and treatment guideline.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity16643 :: ('MESH:D005548', 'Disease') :: ['foreign-body migration']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the last decades, there has been an acceleration of the loss of domestic animal biodiversity. For conservation purposes, the genetic diversity of the H'Mong @entity291 , an indigenous local breed was studied. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the @entity17552 gene and mtDNA D-Loop sequence were analysed to clarify the origin of the breed. The genetic diversity was assessed through genetic data with twenty-five FAO microsatellites, and morphometric data with five body measurements from 408 animals sampled from eight districts of the Ha Giang province. RESULTS: The @entity17552 genes were all of the @entity7040 type. Among the 27 mtDNA haplotypes, 12 haplotypes were of the @entity2226 type and the remaining 15 of the @entity7040 type. This indicates female @entity2226 introgression in the @entity7040 H'Mong. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.616 to 0.673 and from 0.681 to 0.729 respectively according to district, with low genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.0076). Multivariate analysis on morphometric and genetic data shows a separation of districts into two groups following a south-west/north-east cline and admixture analysis confirmed the two clusters, but no differentiation of @entity2226 introgression between clusters was observed. A possible admixture with the Yellow @entity291 breed from a neighbouring province was suggested through genetic data and householder interviews. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we demonstrate the interest of fine-scale sampling for the study of genetic structure of local breeds. Such a study allows avoiding erroneous conservation policies and on the contrary, proposes measures for conserving and limiting crossbreeding between the H'Mong and the Yellow @entity291 breeds.

title: Revealing fine scale subpopulation structure in the Vietnamese H'Mong XXXX breed for conservation purposes.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) has been found to affect the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in gastric motility occur in @entity1688 because of dissociation of antral and duodenal motility. Among individuals with high-level @entity1688 , antral quiescence has been hypothesized as a manifestation of @entity12805 after surgery. This case series shows the issues with @entity356 after gastrointestinal surgery in tetraplegic @entity1 with @entity1688 , including management strategies. OBJECTIVE: To report 3 @entity1 with complete high cervical @entity1566 who developed @entity7623 after abdominal surgery and discuss the effect of @entity5433 on gastric motility. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 3 cases. RESULTS: Gastroparesis occurred after abdominal surgery in 3 @entity1 with C4 American @entity3510 Association (ASIA) A @entity1688 and seemed to be a sign of @entity12805 caused by @entity282 . Management was challenging because it consisted of balancing of appropriate @entity158 medication and dealing with absorption issues and @entity4423 . Often gastric motility agents were not effective in improving gastric emptying. However, increased use of @entity158 medication improved gastric emptying, which supports the hypothesis that this issue represents @entity1819 from @entity12805 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with complete cervical @entity1566 who have undergone abdominal surgery, @entity86 can be a manifestation of @entity158 . This may occur as the excessive sympathetic response from @entity12805 inhibits distal antral activity. Thus, treatment of @entity86 should focus on improved @entity158 control to decrease excessive splanchnic sympathetic output and circulating @entity1063 .

title: @entity356 after abdominal surgery in XXXX with cervical @entity1566 : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic hyperreflexia', 'autonomic dysreflexia']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric hypomotility']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) are used in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) to aid in the diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity490 . OBJECTIVES: To describe trends in CT and US use in United States EDs and determine if higher test use is associated with higher detection rates for intra-abdominal illnesses commonly detected on CT and US and lower hospital admission rates. RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective study using the 2001 to 2005 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative sample of @entity341 encounters. SUBJECTS: @entity341 @entity1 presenting with @entity490 . MEASURES: Annual rates of and trends in CT and US use, rates of intra-abdominal illnesses, hospital admission rate. RESULTS: Abdominal @entity158 visits accounted for 38.8 million encounters; 17.8% received a CT and 11.7% received an US. CT use increased from 10.1% in 2001 to 22.5% in 2005 (P < 0.001). US use increased from 11.1% in 2001 to 13.6% in 2005 (P = 0.002). During the same period, detection rates for @entity698 , @entity4436 , and @entity1085 did not increase and admission rates did not decrease. CONCLUSION: Despite a more than doubling in CT use and increases in US use, there was no increase in detection rates for @entity698 , @entity4436 , and @entity1085 nor was there a reduction in admissions.

title: Trends in the rates of radiography use and important diagnoses in emergency department @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder disease']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency departments']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: AIMS: We investigated the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) on postsynaptic adrenoceptor sensitivity and compared the effect of the lipophilic ACEI, @entity9383 , and that of hydrophilic agent, @entity4688 in @entity1 vessels. METHODS: Alpha-adrenoceptor sensitivity was evaluated using the dorsal hand vein compliance technique. The dose-response curves of vasoconstriction to @entity2647 and @entity3774 were obtained in healthy male volunteers. RESULTS: The ACEIs shifted the dose-response curve of @entity2647 to the right and raised the median effective dose (ED50; 189.3 (57.6 ng min(-1)) of @entity2647 . Following @entity9383 administration, ED50 increased to 481.1 (101.8 ngmin(-1) compared with 266.8 (55.8 ngmin(-1) after @entity4688 (95% CI for differences; 31.1-397.5 ng min(-1)). @entity9383 administration had no effect on the dose-response curve of PGF2alpha. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1289 inhibition attenuates alpha-adrenoceptor sensitivity in @entity1 vessels. The effect of @entity9383 , a lipophilic ACEI, was greater than that of @entity4688 , a hydrophilic ACEI. Lipophilic ACEIs may be more potent in vasodilating effect than hydrophilic ACEIs. @entity2178 concentration in tissue rather than that in plasma may contribute to the alpha-adrenoceptor sensitivity of the vessels.

title: Attenuation by @entity1289 inhibitor drugs of alpha-adrenoceptor sensitivity in XXXX vessels: possible differences related to drug lipophilicity.

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity9383 :: ('MESH:C041125', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinapril', 'quinapril']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Many, but not all @entity35 / @entity19 B hybridoma cells, producing monoclonal antibodies against determinants on the nicotinic @entity934 receptor ( @entity9176 ) of the electric organ of Torpedo californica, were able to immunologically present antigen to @entity9176 -specific, Ia-compatible CD4+ T lymphocyte lines. Most of the hybridomas presented @entity9176 in a privileged manner, i.e. they present @entity9176 even more effectively than macrophages or dendritic cells. However, in the presentation of antigens other than @entity9176 , they were inferior to macrophages. Moreover, some hybridomas were able to present @entity9176 not only in soluble state, but also in membrane vesicles. Privileged presentation of @entity9176 by hybridomas depended on the reactivity of the secreted immunoglobulins with epitopes of the @entity9176 alpha chain, and on the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens on the hybridoma cell surface. There was, however, no quantitative correlation between the actual @entity9176 presentation capacity of one clone and the density of its surface Ia. Neither fine specificity nor isotype of hybridoma immunoglobulin are critical in determining privileged @entity9176 presentation. We postulate that different hybridomas vary in their ability to take up soluble and particulate antigen, to process and to re-express them on the cellular membrane. This capacity may determine their efficiency to present antigen to T cells.

title: B-T lymphocyte interactions in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: antigen presentation by @entity35 / @entity19 hybridoma lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against the nicotinic XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: The association of intrauterine exposure to @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) and the subsequent development of reproductive tract abnormalities in young @entity1 has been well documented. Although the incidence of @entity420 was low in the exposed population, @entity3923 , a nonmalignant abnormality, was quite common. In order to study the pathogenesis of @entity420 and to determine the frequency of @entity3923 following prenatal exposure to @entity4743 , timed pregnant @entity2659 @entity19 were treated s.c. with @entity4743 (dose range, 5 to 100 micrograms/kg/day) on Days 9 though 16 of gestation. This period corresponds to major organogenesis of the reproductive tract in the @entity19 . Female offspring were sacrificed between 1 and 18 months of age. In addition to nonmalignant abnormalities, some of which have been described in @entity1 exposed prenatally to @entity4743 , two cases of @entity420 (2%) were observed in 91 prenatally @entity4743 -treated animals. No comparable epithelial lesions were seen in 158 control female @entity19 . One other case of @entity8376 was reported previously by this laboratory using the prenatally exposed animal model. In another series of @entity19 treated prenatally with @entity4743 , 100 micrograms/kg/day, 3 of 20 (15%) 1-month-old animals and one of 10 (10%) 18-month-old treated offspring had glandular epithelium abnormally located in the vaginal fornices ( @entity3923 ). Other @entity854 observed after prenatal @entity4743 exposure included structural alterations, cervical @entity957 in the endocervical canal, excess keratinization of the ectocervix and vagina, transverse folds and @entity5702 , and prominent Wolffian duct remnants. Thus, @entity3923 in the @entity19 does not appear to be a common abnormality following treatment with @entity4743 in utero. Neonatal exposure to @entity4743 on Days 1 to 5, on the other hand, resulted in six of eight (75%) animals with @entity3923 at 35 days of age. Since perinatal @entity19 studies have reported high incidences of @entity3923 , but, to our knowledge, no cases of @entity420 , the results presented in this report suggest that the stage of cellular differentiation at the time of @entity4743 exposure may be critical in the final expression of these abnormalities.

title: @entity3923 and XXXX in @entity19 exposed prenatally or neonatally to @entity4742 .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement, squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['adenosis', 'vaginal adenosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cervicovaginal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell hyperplasia in the upper vagina']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features of uterine @entity1377 (UPSC) and the roles of adjuvant therapy. METHODS: Sixty-one cases of UPSC with operation done and followed up for a period of 4 to 9 years were enrolled into the study. The histology of slides specimens were reviewed and immunohistochemical study was performed. The follow-up and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS: All of the 61 @entity1 were post-menopausal, with a median age of 68 years. The clinical presentations included abnormal @entity3556 , abdominal symptoms and abnormal Pap smears. The median size of the @entity5 was 7.5 cm (range=1.2 to 14.8 cm). There were 27.9% cases in FIGO stage I (8.2% in stage IA, 14.8% in stage IB and 4.9% in stage IC), 9.8% in stage II, 32.8% in stage III and 29.5% in FIGO stage IV. The histologic features were similar to those of the ovarian counterpart, with @entity5 cells containing the high-grade nuclei and arranged in complex papillae. Psammoma bodies were identified in 24.6% of the cases. Immunohistochemical study showed that the @entity5 cells demonstrated diffuse and strong nuclear staining for @entity876 and Ki-67. They were negative for @entity172 receptor and @entity1420 receptor. Fifteen of the 61 cases (24.6%) showed no evidence of @entity3 . However, ten of the 15 cases had extrauterine disease, with peritoneal (6/15) and nodal (9/15) involvement. @entity5 with deep @entity3 , lymphovascular permeation and nodal @entity3 were associated with worse prognosis by univariate analysis. Fifty-six @entity1 received adjuvant therapy. The number of @entity1 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy alone, adjuvant radiotherapy alone and combined adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy were 42, 24 and 10, respectively. The median survivals of the chemotherapy group and non-chemotherapy group (with or without radiotherapy) were 66.4 months and 32.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: UPSC has distinctive clinical and pathologic features. The @entity5 stage, lymph node status, lymphovascular permeation and depth of @entity3 were important prognostic factors. Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III/IV @entity5 or recurrent UPSC may have survival benefit.

title: [Clinicopathologic study on 61 cases of uterine XXXX with or without adjuvant therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The transfer of @entity5 suppressor genes has been shown to revert the malignant phenotype. In this regard, @entity589 is a pro-apoptotic molecule that also functions as a @entity5 suppressor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate @entity589 as a gene therapeutic in the context of @entity5 . METHODS: Efficiency of viral transduction in @entity5 cell lines and primary @entity5 cells was evaluated with an adenoviral vector encoding green fluorescent protein and luciferase, respectively. We generated a recombinant adenoviral vector that encodes the @entity589 gene under inducible conditions. To this end, expression of this pro-apoptotic gene was controlled by a Cre-LoxP system. Following infection with the recombinant @entity589 adenovirus, the @entity5 cell lines and primary @entity5 cells was evaluated using crystal violet staining and FACS analysis. Apoptotic cell death was monitored using annexin V staining. RESULTS: High levels of @entity1800 were observed in all @entity5 cell lines (>85%) and primary @entity5 cells. Significant @entity137 was seen in all @entity5 cells lines and, more importantly, @entity1 -derived primary @entity5 cells. Moreover, @entity589 -mediated cell death occurred via an apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that a @entity589 recombinant adenoviral vector causes cell death mediated via an apoptotic pathway in @entity5 cell lines and primary @entity5 cells. These data suggest that @entity589 may be a candidate for @entity1 gene therapy in the setting of @entity2622 .

title: XXXX -induced apoptosis as a novel gene therapy approach for carcinoma of the cervix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cervical cancer', 'tumor', 'cervical cancer', 'viability of cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity589 :: (581,Gene) :: ['Bax']


abstract: The flow cytometry is acquiring more and more clinical importance. Despite its wide application in diagnostics, it is not used commonly in the clinical toxicology. The goal of the current investigation was to evaluate the mechanism for cell death (apoptosis or @entity39 ) and its manifestation in circulating @entity1 lymphocytes exposed to toxic concentration of @entity1223 (CO). Since the large subpopulation of leukocytes have undergone apoptosis the next step of the studies was to assess the mobilization of progenitor cells ( @entity2280 +) occurring in the peripheral blood after CO intoxication. Data were compared with those of 25 healthy controls comparable in terms of age, gender and physical activity. The application of the method in clinical reasoning was also evaluated. Significantly increased apoptosis of the lymphocytes in research group compared to control individuals correlates with the @entity4968 severity but does not depend on @entity519 . Decreased number of leukocytes caused by the cytotoxic effect of CO, stimulates the release of the @entity2280 + to the peripheral blood. Increased cell death seems to be the relevant mechanism in the pathophysiology of acute @entity1223 @entity4968 --the delayed apoptosis as the consequence of the reoxygenation can influence the delayed neurological and cardiological sequelae in @entity1 after @entity5499 . In order to improve the treatment and help choose best fitting therapy, there should be need to introduce the new diagnostic methods like flow cytometry or innovative imaging techniques to the standard diagnostics in clinical toxicology.

title: [The causes and consequences of the cellular death (apoptosis and XXXX ) in the course of acute @entity4968 with @entity1223 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity5499 :: ('MESH:D002249', 'Disease') :: ['acute CO poisoning']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: @entity14 is a disease process that disseminates through lymphatic channels, through hematogenous routes, and by invasion through the bowel wall. These mechanisms result in lymph node @entity3 , liver @entity3 , and peritoneal seeding. Although @entity1211 requires an invasive local process, peritoneal seeding may occur with both high grade and low grade @entity5 . @entity5 dissemination that causes liver and lymphatic @entity3 occurs prior to surgical resection of the primary @entity14 . Peritoneal seeding and seeding of the resection site (local recurrence) may also occur as a result of the surgical @entity130 that accompanies resection of the @entity75 . Leakage of malignant cells from transected lymphatic channels may be the mechanism of this intraoperative intraperitoneal @entity5 dissemination. To limit the progression of peritoneal seeding and to treat large volume, low grade intraabdominal @entity5 deposits, combinations of cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy have been successfully employed. Selection factors that correlate with long-term benefit are (1) low grade of @entity5 , (2) lack of lymph node or liver @entity3 , and (3) treatment of @entity258 . For @entity1 with moderate or high grade @entity14 , only a low volume of disease can be treated successfully. For @entity1 with low grade @entity5 , peritonectomy procedures are used to achieve minimal @entity66 before initiating the intraperitoneal chemotherapy. In properly selected @entity1 , peritoneal @entity189 from @entity14 is a treatable condition that may result in long-term disease-free survival.

title: @entity1 selection and treatment of peritoneal XXXX from @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low volume disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal and appendiceal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic and venous dissemination']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomatosis']


abstract: The experiments described in this review reveal that the expression and modulation of aggressive responses in the cat are organized by two distinct sets of pathways. One set of pathways is associated with the elicitation of a specific form of attack behavior. It includes the medial hypothalamus and its projections to the PAG for the expression of defensive rage behavior and the lateral hypothalamus and its descending projections for the expression of predatory attack behavior. The primary focus of the present review is upon the analysis of defensive rage behavior. It was demonstrated that the pathway from the medial hypothalamus to the PAG, which appears to be essential for elicitation of defensive rage, is powerfully excitatory and utilizes excitatory @entity1522 that act upon @entity143 receptors within the PAG. The other pathways examined in this review arise from different nuclei of the amygdala and are modulatory in nature. Here, two facilitatory systems have been identified. The first involves a projection system from the basal complex of amygdala that projects directly to the PAG. Its excitatory effects are manifest through excitatory @entity1522 that act upon @entity143 receptors within the PAG. The second facilitatory pathway arises from the medial nucleus of the amygdala. However, its projection system is directed to the medial hypothalamus rather than the PAG. Its neurotransmitter appears to be @entity4757 that acts upon @entity9766 receptors within the medial hypothalamus (see Figure 10). It has yet to be determined whether @entity4757 acts upon any of the other neurokinin receptor subtypes. It should also be pointed out that the @entity4757 pathway from the medial amygdala to the medial hypothalamus functions to suppress predatory attack behavior elicited from the lateral hypothalamus. In this network, it is likely that the modulatory effects of the medial amygdala require the presence of a second, inhibitory pathway from the medial hypothalamus that innervates the lateral hypothalamus. At the present time, the neurochemical nature of this second pathway remains unknown, although it is suggested that such neurons may be GABAergic. One major inhibitory pathway was also identified. It arises principally from the central nucleus of the amygdala and projects to the PAG. Its powerful suppressive effects upon PAG elicited defensive rage behavior are mediated through opioid peptides that act upon mu receptors within the PAG. While the present series of studies have begun to define the structural and functional nature of the neural systems that regulate @entity146 , our understanding of the overall mechanisms regulating different forms of @entity146 remains incomplete.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Neurotransmitters regulating feline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive behavior']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of our study was to assess the spontaneous outcome of @entity2401 associated with severe @entity299 in @entity1 , as well as to compare these features with those occurring in adult @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 consecutively diagnosed of @entity2401 during the last 7 years in our hospital were studied; 15 @entity1 were @entity1 younger than 14 years, and 35 were adults. Immunosuppressive therapy was not used in any @entity1 . RESULTS: Mean age was 2 +/- 3 years in @entity1 , ranging from 2 months to 12 years. One @entity1 required temporary pacing for a third-degree @entity713 , while the remaining 14 @entity1 had severe @entity712 , with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30 +/- 12% (16 to 44%). After a mean follow-up of 21 +/- 26 months, only 3 @entity1 died, at 1, 4 and 10 months after the initial diagnosis. @entity204 was sudden in all 3 @entity1 . Left ventricular ejection fraction rose to 45 +/- 14% at 1 month after diagnosis, and to 58 +/- 15% at the end of follow-up. Unfavorable evolution ( @entity204 or evolution to chronic @entity384 , with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 45%) occurred in 6 @entity1 (40%) at 1 month after diagnosis and in only 4 (25%) at the end of follow-up. The 9 @entity1 with 1-month favorable outcome were alive and had an ejection fraction > 45% at long-term, while only 2 of the 6 @entity1 with 1-month unfavorable outcome were alive and had an ejection fraction > 45% at long-term. Only the 3 @entity1 who died had an ejection fraction < 30% at 1-month. Favorable outcome was more frequent in @entity1 that in adult @entity1 with @entity2401 (75% versus 46%). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of @entity2401 with severe @entity299 was favorable in a majority of pediatric @entity1 ; this favorable evolution was less frequent in adults. @entity1 in whom left ventricular ejection fraction did not increase at short-term had a higher risk of @entity204 , and they should probably be considered for heart transplantation.

title: [Acute @entity2401 with severe XXXX in the pediatric population. The evolution and differential characteristics with respect to adult @entity2401 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocarditis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac dysfunction']


abstract: @entity4357 -specific phospholipase C (PI-phospholipase C) was found primarily in the cytosolic fraction of @entity19 splenic lymphocytes. However, small but significant amounts of the activity of the enzyme were detected in the microsome and plasma membrane fractions. Both the cytosolic and membrane-bound phospholipases C specifically hydrolyzed @entity4357 , @entity4357 , @entity1076 , and @entity1078 . PI-Phospholipase C activity was detected in the cytosolic and microsome fractions from both T-cell-enriched and B-cell-enriched spleen cells. The membrane-bound enzyme was distinguishable from the cytosolic enzyme in the following properties. The cytosolic PI-phospholipase C showed optimal activity at pH 6.0 while the membrane-bound enzyme had two pH optima between pH 5.0 and 7.0. The activity of the cytosolic enzyme was first detected at 1 microM @entity141 , and maximum activity was observed at 100 microM @entity141 , while the membrane-bound PI-phospholipase C required higher @entity141 concentrations, of millimolar order. The membrane-bound enzyme could hardly be extracted with 1 M @entity1219 but was extracted with 0.4% @entity6041 .A portion of the membrane-bound PI-phospholipase C activity in the cholate extract was absorbed by concanavalin A-Sepharose and specifically eluted with an @entity6042 solution. The cytosolic enzyme, which was water soluble, did not bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose. Trypsinization of lymphocytes before subcellular fractionation caused a significant decrease in the PI-phospholipase C activity in the microsome fraction but almost no loss at all of the cytosolic enzyme activity.

title: XXXX -specific phospholipase C of @entity19 lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity6042 :: ('MESH:C008466', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methylmannoside']

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol', 'inositol phospholipids', 'Phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['Phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: AIM: To monitor joint @entity32 and destruction in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 receiving adalimumab/ @entity1499 combination therapy using MRI and ultrasonography. To assess the predictive value of MRI and ultrasonography for erosive progression on CT and compare MRI/ultrasonography/radiography for erosion detection/monitoring. METHODS: Fifty-two erosive biological-naive @entity309 @entity1 were followed with repeated MRI/ultrasonography/radiography (0/6/12 months) and clinical/biochemical assessments during adalimumab/ @entity1499 combination therapy. RESULTS: No overall erosion progression or repair was observed at 6 or 12 months (Wilcoxon; p > 0.05), but erosion progressors and regressors were observed using the smallest detectable change cut-off. Scores of MRI @entity603 , grey-scale @entity603 (GSS) and power Doppler ultrasonography decreased after 6 and 12 months (p < 0.05), as did DAS28, HAQ and tender and swollen joint counts (p < 0.001). @entity1 with progression on CT had higher baseline MRI bone @entity4 scores. The RR for CT progression in bones with versus without baseline MRI bone @entity4 was 3.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 9.3) and time-integrated MRI bone @entity4 , power Doppler and GSS scores were higher in bones/joints with CT progression (Mann-Whitney; p < 0.05). With CT as the reference method, sensitivities/specificities for erosion in metacarpophalangeal joints were 68%/92%, 44%/95% and 26%/98% for MRI, ultrasonography and radiography, respectively. Median intraobserver correlation coefficient was 0.95 (range 0.44-0.99). CONCLUSION: During adalimumab/ @entity1499 combination therapy, no overall erosive progression or repair occurred, whereas repair of individual @entity2681 was documented on MRI, and MRI and ultrasonography @entity603 decreased. @entity32 on MRI and ultrasonography, especially MRI bone @entity4 , was predictive for erosive progression on CT, at bone/joint level and MRI bone @entity4 also at @entity1 level.

title: No overall progression and occasional repair of @entity2681 despite persistent @entity32 in adalimumab-treated XXXX @entity1 : results from a longitudinal comparative MRI, ultrasonography, CT and radiography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']