abstract: Paroxysms of @entity591 are oftentimes associated with @entity2011 . The plasma levels of the potent diuretic hormone, @entity12579 (ANP), are elevated during episodes of @entity591 , suggesting that ANP may play a role in mediating the diuresis. The mechanism of enhanced ANP secretion associated with @entity591 is not known. We examined the effect of altering the pacing frequency of isolated left @entity35 atria on ANP secretion. Atria were suspended between an electrode and hook connected to a force transducer and superfused with medium 199. The ANP content of the superfusate was measured by radioimmunoassay. Increasing the frequency of pacing from 2 to 4 Hz resulted in a 46 +/- 5% (means +/- SE, n = 9) rise in immunoreactive ANP secretion above base line (P less than 0.01). Lowering the frequency from 4 to 2 Hz lowered immunoreactive ANP secretion by 36 +/- 3% (n = 6) relative to base line (P less than 0.02). Incremental increases in the pacing frequency from 2 to 8 Hz resulted in a continual rise in immunoreactive ANP with a peak increase of 191 +/- 6% of base line (n = 8) at 8 Hz. To examine the possibility that release of @entity1063 or @entity934 from endogenous nerves mediated this effect, the atria were superfused with the combination of 0.1 microM @entity1169 , 1.0 microM @entity5521 , and 10 microM atropine. The concentrations of the antagonists were 125-fold or higher than the dissociation constant for binding to receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of atrial contraction frequency on XXXX secretion.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity12579 :: (24602(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: During and after intense neuronal activity the concentration of extracellular @entity972 ([K+]o) increases while the concentration of @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]o) decreases. The present study examined the effect of increased [K+]o alone, and with a parallel decrease in [ @entity141 ]o, on overall excitability, long-term potentiation (LTP), and the appearance of @entity302 . [K+]o and [ @entity141 ]o were varied over the range in which they fluctuate in vivo. Hippocampal slices were first equilibrated in a control artificial CSF containing 3.1 mM K+ and 1.5 mM @entity141 and then reequilibrated in an identical solution except that the K+ was increased to 3.55, 4, 5, 6, or 8 mM with and without a decrease in @entity141 to 1.0 mM. Raising [K+]o caused a leftward shift of input-output curves. Lowering [ @entity141 ]o to 1.0 mM had no effect on the ability of [K+]o to shift the input-output curve to the left. LTP was not changed by increasing [K+]o. Lowering [ @entity141 ]o to 1.0 mM blocked LTP and increasing the [K+]o did not overcome this blockade. When [K+]o alone was altered, the [K+]oS at which @entity302 occurred 50% of the time were 5.6 and 7.6 mM for stimulus-locked and spontaneous bursting, respectively. The combination of decreased [ @entity141 ]o and increased [K+]o made slices considerably more prone to @entity302 . In 1.0 mM [ @entity141 ]o, the [K+]o at which 50% of the slices showed stimulus-locked bursting was decreased to 3.6 mM while that for spontaneous discharges was 5.4 mM. The sensitivity of hippocampal slices to [K+]o and [ @entity141 ]o, and the synergistic actions of alterations of these ions, indicates that even small changes in the aggregate extracellular ionic milieu may be important in epileptogenesis.

title: XXXX induced by altering extracellular @entity972 and @entity460 in the rat hippocampal slice.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform bursts', 'epileptiform activity', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptiform discharges']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) following oral administration in a novel mono/ @entity11395 -phospholipid formulation and to compare with intravenous (iv) administrations using commercial formulations. METHODS: @entity35 were allocated into the following treatment groups: oral gavage of @entity11015 dispersed in mono/ @entity11395 -phospholipid formulation at doses of 4.5 and 10 mg/kg; iv bolus administration of 0.8 mg/kg @entity2379 ; iv bolus of 5 mg/kg Abelcet and iv bolus of 5 mg/kg AmBisome. Blood was sampled from jugular vein cannula at certain time points. The animals were sacrificed 72 h following administration of @entity11015 and multiple tissues were harvested. The concentration of @entity11015 in plasma and tissues was determined by means of HPLC. The plasma @entity1011 concentrations were determined using an enzymatic kit. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of @entity11015 following iv administrations of the commercial formulations were found to be highly formulation dependent. The terminal half-life and biodistribution of orally administered @entity11015 in a mono/ @entity11395 -phospholipid formulation resembled those of @entity2379 . The larger volume of the co-administered lipid-based formulation in the case of the higher dose of orally administered @entity11015 resulted in flip-flop kinetics and in preferential distribution into the kidneys. No nephrotoxicity was detected for any formulation and route of administration. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of @entity11015 in a mono/ @entity11395 -phospholipid formulation to @entity35 resulted in significant intestinal absorption into the systemic circulation with pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties similar to a micellar iv preparation.

title: Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of @entity2379 in XXXX following oral administration in a novel lipid-based formulation.

entities_list: @entity11395 :: ('CHEBI:18035', 'Chemical') :: ['diglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Fungizone']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Interactions between integrins and @entity669 kinase receptors can modulate a variety of cell functions. We observed a cooperative interaction between the @entity2393 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 ( @entity7802 or @entity7802 ) that appeared to be required for cell @entity4222 . By using @entity7802 -transfected 293 cells (293/ @entity7802 ) or primary dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMEC), we found that stimulation with either soluble or immobilized extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, collagen or fibronectin (FN), resulted in the increased @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity7802 in the absence of a cognate ligand. This increased @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity7802 was diminished by pretreatment with a blocking antibody against the @entity2393 . Cross-linking with anti- @entity2393 antibody induced a similar degree of @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity7802 . Stimulation with collagen or FN induced an association between @entity2393 and @entity7802 in both 293/ @entity7802 and primary DMEC cells. Collagen or FN-induced @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity7802 was inhibited by treatment with cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization. Collagen or FN was able to induce the @entity4222 of 293/ @entity7802 or DMEC cells to a limited extent. However, @entity4222 was dramatically enhanced when a gradient of the cognate ligand, @entity9205 , was added. @entity9205 failed to induce cell @entity4222 in the absence of ECM proteins. Introducing a mutation at the kinase domain of @entity7802 or treatment with blocking antibody against either @entity7802 or @entity2393 inhibited cell @entity4222 induced by ECM and @entity9205 , indicating that signals from both @entity2393 and @entity7802 are required for this cell function.

title: Stimulation of XXXX induces @entity669 phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 and modulates cell @entity4222 .

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2393 :: (3688,Gene) :: ['beta 1 integrin']


abstract: Genetic @entity19 models provide a unique opportunity to investigate gene function in the natural course of the disease. Although @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) in models of @entity2175 has been well characterized, @entity2316 in hypoinsulinemic @entity6 @entity19 is still incompletely understood. Here, we characterized renal changes in the @entity15980 transgenic @entity19 that exhibits beta-cell dysfunction and nonobese hypoinsulinemic @entity6 . Male @entity19 developed @entity4854 by the age of 7 wk and survived for over 1 yr without insulin treatment. @entity6 ensued earlier and progressed more severely in the @entity29389 males than the females. The @entity29389 males exhibited @entity633 as early as 10 wk of age, and the urinary albumin excretion increased with age, exceeding 150 microg/24 h at 11 mo of age. @entity6 developed @entity8 after 7 wk of age, whereas glomerular hyperfiltration was not observed in the @entity19 . @entity101 and @entity407 were not observed in the @entity6 @entity19 . Histological analysis of the @entity29389 kidneys displayed @entity2316 , including glomerular enlargement, @entity7622 and matrix expansion, thickened glomerular basement membrane, and @entity6517 . Mesangial matrix accumulation increased with age, resulting in nodular lesions by 44 wk of age. Immunohistochemistry showed accumulation of type IV collagen and @entity641 in the mesangial area. No significant immune complex deposition was observed in the @entity29389 glomeruli. Thus the @entity29389 @entity19 exhibits @entity2316 that parallel the early phase of @entity1 @entity2316 . The model should facilitate studies of genetic and environmental factors that may affect @entity2316 in hypoinsulinemic @entity6 .

title: Characterization of @entity2316 in a transgenic model of hypoinsulinemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Diabetic males', 'Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6517 :: ('MESH:D057770', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar hyalinosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic glomerular changes', 'diabetic renal disease', 'diabetic renal changes', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse mesangial proliferation']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: To report on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exchange between the intracranial spaces (ie, basal cisterns) and the subarachnoid space (SAS) of the optic nerve (ON) in subjects with normal-tension @entity726 (NTG) compared with control subjects without NTG or other forms of @entity726 . METHODS: CT cisternography of the brain and orbits was performed in 18 @entity1 with NTG (7 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ; mean age 64.9    8.9 years) and in four @entity1 without @entity726 or @entity1504 (4 @entity1 ; mean age 62.8    18.4 years). The density of contrast-loaded cerebrospinal fluid (CLCSF) in the intracranial spaces and in the SAS surrounding the ONs was measured in Hounsfield units. STUDY DESIGN: Unmasked, prospective series. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent two-tailed t test and the non-parametric Spearman correlation test. RESULTS: The density of CLCSF in the SAS surrounding the ONs in the NTG group was significantly reduced compared with its density in the intracranial CSF spaces and in the SAS of ONs measured in the control group (p=0.006). There were no significant differences between @entity1 and @entity1 within the NTG group (p>0.35). CONCLUSIONS: The finding of a difference in the concentration gradients between the CLCSF within the intracranial spaces and the SAS of the ONs in this group of NTG @entity1 compared with control subjects supports the hypothesis of a disturbed CSF exchange between the CSF in the intracranial spaces and the CSF in the SAS surrounding the ONs. The disturbance of CSF dynamics in this specific CSF pathway can be explained by ON compartmentation. The clinical importance of this finding warrants further investigation.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid exchange in the optic nerve in normal-tension XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial disease']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Intravenous (i.v.) granisetron was made available to @entity1 who had received the drug during their first course of chemotherapy and requested granisetron prophylaxis at subsequent cycles. Initially at each further cycle @entity1 received 40 micrograms/kg in each further cycle; this was later simplified to 3 mg. 574 @entity1 were treated with 40 micrograms/kg over 1966 cycles of emetogenic chemotherapy in study 1. 335 @entity1 (81 of whom transferred from study 1) received 3 mg over 785 cycles in study 2. With either regimen about 60% of all @entity1 gained complete protection of symptoms over the 24-h postchemotherapy for up to 8 cycles. Complete response was maintained at around 70% in the subgroup of @entity1 treated with moderately emetogenic regimens. Efficacy decreased over 5 cycles of @entity900 (greater than or equal to 50 mg/m2) from approximately 59% at the first additional cycle to around 37% at the fifth. This could, in part, be explained by a reversal in the proportions of males (low risk) to females (high risk) during the study. Withdrawal was largely due to completion of chemotherapy courses; approximately 15% of @entity1 discontinued treatment for reasons possibly related to poor emetic control and 10% for unspecified reasons. @entity10442 was well tolerated and no new @entity137 developed following repeated exposure. In conclusion, granisetron maintained its efficacy over repeated cycles in most @entity1 , although some fall-off occurred with high-dose @entity900 . 40 micrograms/kg and 3 mg were equally effective.

title: Dose XXXX remain effective over multiple cycles? The Granisetron Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['Granisetron']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity10442 :: (MESH:D017829,Chemical) :: ['granisetron']


abstract: Epithelial @entity5274 that compose many organs are typically long lasting, except under specific developmental and physiological conditions when network remodeling occurs. Although there has been progress elucidating mechanisms of tube formation, little is known of the mechanisms that maintain @entity5274 and destabilize them during network remodeling. Here, we describe @entity238 tendrils mutations that compromise maintenance of tracheal terminal branches, fine gauge @entity5274 formed by tracheal terminal cells that ramify on and adhere tightly to tissues in order to supply them with @entity26 . Homozygous tendrils terminal cell clones have fewer terminal branches than normal but individual branches contain multiple convoluted lumens. The phenotype arises late in development: terminal branches bud and form lumens normally early in development, but during larval life lumens become convoluted and mature branches degenerate. Their lumens, however, are retained in the remaining branches, resulting in the distinctive multi-lumen phenotype. Mapping and molecular studies demonstrate that tendrils is allelic to rhea, which encodes @entity238 @entity52833 , a large cytoskeletal protein that links integrins to the cytoskeleton. Terminal cells mutant for myospheroid, the major @entity238 @entity52834 , or doubly mutant for multiple @entity4 wings and inflated alpha-integrins, also show the tendrils phenotype, and localization of myospheroid @entity52834 protein is disrupted in tendrils mutant terminal cells. The results provide evidence that integrin- @entity52833 adhesion complexes are necessary to maintain tracheal terminal branches and luminal organization. Similar complexes may stabilize other tubular networks and may be targeted for inactivation during network remodeling events.

title: XXXX @entity52833 and integrin genes are required for maintenance of tracheal terminal branches and luminal organization.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The risk of subsequent development of testicular germ cell @entity5 is related to presence of underlying developmental defects such as cryptorchidism, in which the risk is around 0.5%, and XY @entity38056 with abdominal testes, in which the risk may be as high as 20-25%. We examined the hypothesis that the increased risk of germ cell @entity5 in @entity38056 testes with Y chromosome was a direct consequence of an abnormal increase in number of PLAP/ @entity2467 + immature germ cells into postnatal life. Archival cases of uncomplicated cryptorchidism (CO) and XY @entity38056 (INT) were identified and anonymized, and a subgroup of aged-matched cases had sections immunostained with placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and @entity2467 . From a total of 89 @entity38056 and 105 cryptorchid cases identified, a power calculation to detect a 20% difference in expression between groups (alpha = 0.05, power = 80%) determined that 18 @entity38056 and 36 cryptorchid cases were required. Thus, 58 cases were examined, median age 3 (range birth-11) years, including 39 CO and 19 INT. The prevalence of any PLAP+ germ cells was 2/39 (5.1%) versus 3/19 (15.7%), respectively. (Z = 1.4, p = 0.17). In contrast, 94% of cases showed presence of any @entity2467 + germ cells, but the frequency of @entity2467 + cells was not significantly different between groups (t = 0.56, p = 0.58). @entity2467 and PLAP identify different populations of germ cells in pediatric testes. The extent of increased risk of @entity5 in XY INT is not simply related to increased numbers of immature PLAP+/ @entity2467 + germ cells present; additional factors play a pathogenic role.

title: Risk of germ cell @entity5 in children with XY XXXX versus isolated cryptorchidism by immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'neoplasia']

answer: @entity38056 :: (55588,Gene) :: ['intersex']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tubular secretion of @entity1011 is increased by meat meals. This increment has been attributed to the formation of new @entity1011 from @entity908 contained in the cooked meals. However, no studies are available using @entity535 infusions containing no @entity908 , which allow to further investigate the putative causes of increment in tubular @entity1011 secretion. METHODS: We performed a prospective, interventional study involving 34 individuals with normal renal function participating in a protocol on arterial @entity101 . A continuous infusion of @entity534 (6%, i.v., in four 30 min periods at 50, 100, 200 and 300 ml/h) was administered. @entity1011 (CCr) and inulin ( @entity8046 ) clearances were determined at baseline and during @entity534 infusion. We analyzed the effects of @entity534 on tubular secretion by comparing CCr and @entity8046 and calculated tubular secretion of @entity1011 (TSCr). RESULTS: @entity534 infusion induced a significant increase in both CCr and @entity8046 . CCr and @entity8046 were respectively 117.9 +/- 22.7 and 107.5 +/- 23, before and 170.3 +/- 23 and 144.2 +/- 47.8 after the infusion of @entity534 (both p < 0.01). This increase was simultaneous with an increment in TSCr from 1.12 +/- 0.4 to 1.43 +/- 0.6 (p < 0.01). CCr correlated significantly with @entity8046 at baseline and at 60 min of infusion (r = 0.365, p = 0.031 and r = 0.368, p = 0.038, respectively), but not at 120 min (r = 0.130, p = 0.412), a time corresponding to the maximum increase in @entity8046 and TSCr. CONCLUSIONS: @entity534 induces a substantial increase of CCr, which exceeds that expected from the increase in glomerular filtration rate measured by @entity8046 and corresponds to an increment in TSCr. This phenomenon adds a new interpretation of the effect of @entity1522 on tubular handling of @entity1011 and has practical implications in the evaluation of renal function by means of @entity1011 clearance.

title: [Increase of tubular secretion of @entity1011 by @entity534 : mechanism of practical significance in the assessment of renal function based on XXXX clearance].

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: @entity548 , or M. @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ), is an autosomal dominant, systemic @entity1141 . This may lead to increased liver blood flow from @entity2548 . A 45-year-old @entity1 with a known M. @entity1884 was admitted for liver transplantation. On admission, exertional @entity1353 was the predominant symptom. Radiological investigations revealed multiple intrahepatic @entity2548 and consecutive high-output @entity712 . Laboratory findings revealed remarkably elevated @entity648 and alkaline phosphatase. To alleviate the high-output @entity712 , the hepatic artery was ligated. Fourteen months later, the @entity1 presented again with increased levels of @entity648 and recurrent @entity548 episodes from esophageal varices grade IV. The @entity1 underwent liver transplantation and post-transplant recovery was excellent. A hyperdynamic circulatory state due to a hepatic M. @entity1884 has been treated in several cases by ligation or embolization of the hepatic artery. This procedure, however, is recommended only for @entity1 with normal liver function and carries a considerably risk of @entity1157 .

title: Effective therapy for hepatic M. XXXX with systemic hypercirculation by ligation of the hepatic artery and subsequent liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['Osler', 'Osler-Weber-Rendu disease']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['fibrovascular dysplasia']

answer: @entity1884 :: (MESH:D013683,Disease) :: ['Osler']


abstract: In the homing process of @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) to bone marrow, several adhesion molecules play important roles. However, @entity1583 are subjected to dramatic alteration of freeze-thawing that could affect these molecules. In this study, we investigated the effect of cryopreservation on the expression of adhesion molecules on @entity1583 . The expression of different adhesion molecules on @entity2280 + cells was examined by flow cytometry using an immunofluorescence technique. Changes in expression before and after cryopreservation, and that of @entity1196 on addition of @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) or with serum incubation, were investigated. The relationship between expression and function was also determined using a transmigration assay system. @entity1196 expression on @entity2280 + cells derived from @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), bone marrow (BM), and umbilical cord blood (CB) was significantly decreased from 37% to 23%, 48% to 11%, and 67% to 19%, respectively, by the freeze-thawing process, while the expression of other adhesion molecules was not appreciably changed. Within 30 minutes of incubation with @entity3733 , @entity1196 expression on @entity2280 (+) cells significantly decreased from 65% to 22%. Furthermore, this was completely prevented by the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, @entity54709 , indicating that the loss of @entity1196 was due to shedding mediated by an MMP. To determine if @entity1196 expression can be upregulated after cryopreservation, thawed samples were cultured overnight with serum. Values were observed to return to or rise higher than those of the fresh samples, this being particularly rapid and pronounced when the @entity2280 + cells were cocultured with the @entity1 BM stromal cell line, HS-27A. Therefore, this adhesion molecule could possibly be restored in vivo after transplantation in a way similar to the in vitro case. Despite considerable damage to @entity1583 during cryopreservation, changes in these cells are reversible, in line with successful restoration of hematopoiesis after transplantation.

title: Decrease of @entity1196 expression on @entity1 XXXX + cells on freeze-thawing and rapid recovery with short-term incubation.

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['mobilized peripheral blood', 'MPB']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HPCs', 'hematopoietic progenitor cells']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: CONCLUSION: Allergy does not modify the symptoms of @entity1412 , either initially or after a 1-year medical treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of @entity566 in the symptoms and treatment of @entity1 presenting with the diagnosis of @entity1412 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Two simultaneous studies were carried out. In the first study, 180 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1412 (60% males, mean age = 48.4 years) were analyzed to detect whether the severity of their symptoms correlated with the presence of positive allergic tests. In the second study, 74 consecutive @entity1 (57.5% males, mean age = 48.3 years) were analyzed to detect whether the results of a 1-year medical treatment of @entity1412 were influenced by the presence of positive allergic tests (Phadiatop). Five nasal criteria were scored: nasal obstruction, anterior and posterior @entity5254 , @entity158 , and the loss of sense of smell. The frequency of @entity565 was evaluated. Treatment of @entity1412 consisted of washing of the nasal cavities, @entity134 spray, and oral @entity134 administration. The amount of @entity134 consumption ( @entity617 and @entity2715 ) was studied. RESULTS: In the first study, mean scores of nasal symptoms did not differ between the two groups of @entity1 with and without @entity566 . The prevalence of @entity565 (p = 0.03) was higher in the group with than without @entity566 . In the second study, decrease of all nasal symptoms was not statistically different in the two groups. Cumulative consumption of @entity617 and @entity2715 between baseline and year 1 were similar in the two groups.

title: Influence of XXXX on the symptoms and treatment of @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity2197 -Px), @entity2041 transferase ( @entity2197 -Tr), @entity26166 ( @entity26166 ) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD)-the members of enzymatic antioxidative defence mechanisms against reactive @entity26 species-may play an important role in proper or improper release of @entity291 fetal membranes. The aim of the following study was the determination of @entity2197 -Px, @entity2197 -Tr, @entity26166 and SOD activity in order to define antioxidative status of @entity291 placenta during retention of fetal membranes (RFM) in @entity291 . Placental samples were collected immediately after spontaneous parturition or during caesarean section before term and at term and divided into six groups as follows: A: caesarean section before term without RFM; B: caesarean section before term with RFM; C: caesarean section at term without RFM; D: caesarean section at term with RFM; E: spontaneous delivery at term without RFM; F: spontaneous delivery at term with RFM. The enzyme activities in placental homogenates were measured spectrophotometrically. @entity2197 -Px activity was statistically significantly higher in fetal than in maternal placenta in all examined groups, @entity101 and was higher in caesarean section groups than spontaneous delivery groups. Statistically significantly higher activities were noticed in retained than not-retained placentae. @entity2197 -Tr activity was significantly lower in fetal than in maternal placenta. In preterm groups, the activity was statistically significantly higher in retained than not retained placenta. In term groups, the opposite relationship was observed, higher values in caesarean section groups than spontaneous delivery were noticed. @entity26166 activity was statistically significantly higher in fetal than in maternal part of placenta in all groups examined. The highest values in C and D groups and the differences between retained and not-retained placenta were observed. SOD exhibited the highest values in preterm placenta and alterations between retained and not-retained fetal membranes. In conclusion, the activities of @entity2197 -Px, @entity2197 -Tr, @entity26166 and SOD are altered in cases of retained fetal membranes which may suggest the activation of antioxidative mechanisms caused by the imbalance between production and neutralization of reactive @entity26 species.

title: Antioxidative defence mechanisms against reactive @entity26 species in @entity291 retained and not-retained placenta: activity of XXXX peroxidase, @entity2041 transferase, @entity26166 and @entity224 dismutase.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased towards parturition']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: A pathomorphologic study was carried out by the conventional histologic methods in 193 cases of @entity2 , of a total of 1,637 cases of @entity2 diagnosed histologically between January 1, 1961 and December 31, 1974. In comparison to other histologic types, the incidence of @entity189 was of 11.8%, 62.6% belonged to the 40-60 years age-group, with male predominance. The results showed this @entity189 to be an autonomous type of neoplastic proliferation. The pathomorphologic particularities observed in the 193 cases and their evolution are conclusive arguments for considering @entity189 as a separate histologic type in the classification of @entity2 . The term of @entity189 appears to be the most comprehensive and in keeping with the histologic structure of these @entity5 . Cellular pleomorphism is an important diagnostic feature. Zones of specific differentiation observed in some cases may be included in the pleomorphism of these @entity189 . Notions of histogenesis are likewise discussed. It is increasingly assumed that these @entity189 are morphologically the expression of a cellular proliferation, differentiation and maturization response to the action of complex factors. The reduced stroma of these @entity189 indicate a more rapid increase of the @entity5 parenchyma.

title: XXXX . An anatomoclinical study on 193 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumoural']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'pleomorphous macrocellular pulmonary carcinoma', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'macrocellular carcinomas', 'pleomorphous macrocellular carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'pleomorphous macrocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Pleomorphous macrocellular pulmonary carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In elderly @entity1 with mild @entity73 , noncompliance with respiratory exercises, ineffective expectoration, reluctance in mobilization, and difficulty in learning the use of drugs such as inhalers were observed in the early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. It was hypothesized that @entity1576 may be more frequent in these @entity1 , and so the @entity260 in @entity1 with @entity73 were compared with the @entity260 of a control group. DESIGN: A prospective cohort control. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Investigators separated 48 @entity1 >70 years old who were scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery into two groups: @entity1 with @entity73 (group A, n = 25) and @entity1 with no @entity73 (control group; group B, n = 23). The @entity1 ' cognitive status was evaluated preoperatively by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pulmonary functions and @entity1576 were evaluated via chest x-rays and spirometry tests preoperatively and postoperatively. A significant difference was observed between the groups, particularly with regard to atelectasis and prolonged ventilation (p<0.001 and p<0.05). No significant impairment was observed in the spirometry tests of the control group. However, a significant deterioration was observed in the postoperative spirometry tests of @entity1 with @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that mild @entity73 was associated with @entity358 after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

title: Preoperative mild XXXX predicts @entity358 after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'preoperative mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: Bath application of @entity5393 , @entity5987 or @entity1928 to hippocampal slices caused a short-lasting decrease, followed after washout by a long-lasting increase in the amplitude of population spikes recorded in area @entity1249 in response to 0.05 Hz stimulation of the Schaffer collateral/commissural pathway. Population spike @entity308 lasted only as long as the @entity1919 analogues were present in the bath, while the potentiation lasted for at least 2 h after they were washed out. Population excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitude was @entity308 while @entity5393 was present in the bath, but after washout it was not significantly different from baseline amplitude. The population spike @entity308 caused by @entity5393 was prevented by the @entity859 antagonist @entity20940 , but the long-lasting potentiation was not. Thus the transient @entity308 induced by @entity5393 was probably caused by an action of the drug or its breakdown products as @entity859 agonists. The long-lasting potentiation is caused by a different mechanism. Occlusion experiments were performed to examine the relationship of the long-lasting population spike potentiation caused by @entity5393 to the population spike long-term potentiation caused by high-frequency stimulation. High-frequency stimulation delivered after the population spike potentiation caused by @entity5393 was established did cause a further potentiation, but only up to the level caused by high-frequency stimulation alone. @entity5393 administered after high frequency stimulation-induced long-term potentiation was established had no further potentiating effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and long-term potentiation in the @entity1249 region of rat hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity20940 :: ('MESH:C031433', 'Chemical') :: ['8-p-sulfophenyltheophylline']

entities_list: @entity5987 :: ('MESH:D015124', 'Chemical') :: ['8-bromo cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cyclic AMP', 'Dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['Cyclic AMP']


abstract: @entity52486 peroxidase is a @entity1785 @entity5536 dinucleotide-containing flavoprotein. Anaerobic titration of enzyme with @entity6857 has shown that the active site of the enzyme contains 2 mol of @entity1785 and in addition 1 mol of a non- @entity1785 electron acceptor that is tentatively identified as a @entity1520 group. Thus complete reduction of the enzyme requires 3 mol of @entity6857 per mole of active site. The first mole of @entity6857 reduces the non- @entity1785 acceptor; complex formation between the reduced acceptor and one of the bound @entity1785 molecules causes the formation of a long wavelength absorption band between 500 and 670 nm. The second mole of @entity6857 reduces the @entity1785 that interacts with the reduced non- @entity1785 group, and the long wavelength band disappears. The third mole of @entity6857 reduces the second mole of @entity1785 . All groups are reoxidized in the presence of air. @entity52486 reacts with only two of the enzyme-bound electron acceptors. The first mole of @entity52486 reduces the non- @entity1785 group to form an intermediate (I) that is almost identical with that formed by @entity6857 . The second mole of @entity52486 complexes with the second @entity1785 of Intermediate I to form Intermediate II. This reaction causes a further absorbance increase in the long wavelength region; the tail of the absorption band now extends to 960 nm. The titration data ( @entity17500 , 0.05 M, pH 7.0) can be fitted with dissociation constants of 1 times 10-7 M for the formation of I, and 3 times 10-6 M for the conversion of I to II. In air, species II is oxidized to I; I is stable in air, but is oxidized stoichiometrically to oxidized enzyme by @entity274 . Present evidence suggests that bound @entity2125 -plus is responsible for the air stability of species I. Intermediate I, but not oxidized enzyme, reacts slowly with @entity16334 . This reaction causes loss of the air-stable intermediate and parallel loss in enzyme activity. The inactive enzyme cannot be reduced by @entity52486 to Species I; @entity52486 can, however, still react with the second @entity1785 to form the autoxidizable complex. With other methods of enzyme inactivation there is also a direct correlation between residual enzyme activity and the ability of enzyme to form the air-stable intermediate. It is concluded that the air-stable intermediate is an important catalytic species.

title: Reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide peroxidase. Intermediates formed on reduction of the enzyme with @entity6857 or reduced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity16334 :: ('MESH:D010662', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylmercuric acetate']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity6857 :: ('MESH:D004227', 'Chemical') :: ['dithionite']

answer: @entity2125 :: (MESH:D009243,Chemical) :: ['diphosphopyridine nucleotide']


abstract: The objective was to evaluate the nutrient intake and digestibility and @entity6155 production response of lactating dairy @entity291 fed diets based on @entity4336 silage produced from 3 different types of @entity4336 hybrids. Experimental diets contained 36.4% of the dietary @entity62 ( @entity62 ) from @entity4336 silage produced from normal (Agratech 1021, AgraTech Seeds Inc., Atlanta, GA), brown midrib (BMR; Mycogen F2F797, Mycogen Seeds, Indianapolis, IN), or waxy (Master's Choice 590, Master's Choice Hybrids, Ullin, IL) hybrids. Thirty-six multiparous and primiparous Holstein @entity291 (66    22 d in @entity6155 , 41    8 kg/d of @entity6155 ) were used in an 11-wk completely randomized design trial during the fall of 2009. All @entity291 were fed a diet containing normal @entity4336 silage during the first 2wk of the trial before being assigned to 1 of 3 treatments for the following 9 wk. Data collected during the first 2 wk were used as a covariate in the statistical analysis. No difference was observed in @entity62 intake (DMI) among treatments, which averaged 22.6 kg/d. @entity6155 yield was higher for @entity291 fed BMR (37.6 kg/d) compared with waxy (35.2 kg/d) but was similar to that of @entity291 fed control (36.2 kg/d). @entity6155 fat percentage tended to be lower for @entity291 fed control (3.28%) compared with those fed BMR (3.60%) or waxy (3.55%) @entity4336 silage. @entity6155 protein percentage tended to be lower for @entity291 fed control (2.79%) compared with waxy (2.89%) but similar to that of those fed BMR (2.85%). No differences were observed in yield of @entity6155 components. Energy-corrected @entity6155 (ECM) yield and dairy efficiency (ECM:DMI) did not differ among treatments. @entity291 fed BMR tended to gain more body weight compared with those fed control and waxy. Results of this trial are consistent with previous reports in which @entity291 fed diets based on @entity4336 silage produced from BMR hybrids have higher @entity6155 yield compared with those fed other hybrids. @entity4336 silage produced from the waxy hybrid supported a similar yield of ECM because of higher @entity6155 components, but @entity6155 yield was not improved compared with the control.

title: Production response to @entity4336 silage produced from normal, brown midrib, or waxy XXXX hybrids.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between antithyroid antibodies, @entity308 , and @entity148 in a large population. METHODS: In a population of 30,175 individuals aged 40-84 years, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was assessed in all @entity1 and in 50% of the @entity1 . Thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAb) were measured in almost all samples with TSH > or = 4.0 mU/L (n = 1700) and in randomly selected samples without @entity1374 or biochemical dysfunction (n = 745). The levels of @entity148 and @entity308 were screened using the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS). Relations were investigated with multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: In individuals with normal TSH and without known @entity1374 , the prevalence of TPOAb was 14.2% in @entity1 and 4.3% in @entity1 . The prevalence of TPOAb in @entity1 with biochemical @entity1374 was 59.0% in @entity1 and 38.9% in @entity1 . No associations were found between thyroid autoimmunity and @entity308 or @entity148 , neither crude nor adjusted for age, gender, TSH, and @entity1955 (T4). CONCLUSION: @entity1669 is a common disorder in the population, mainly affecting females. In a population-based study, no associations were found between antithyroid antibodies and @entity308 or @entity148 .

title: @entity1669 , XXXX and @entity148 ; are there any connections? An epidemiological study of a large population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid dysfunction', 'thyroid disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Factor XIII catalyzes the formation of covalent bounds between fibrin monomers, thus stabilizing the fibrin clot and increasing its resistance to fibrinolysis. The frequency of a frequent @entity22653 polymorphism in the FXIII A-subunit gene has been shown to be lower in @entity1 with @entity583 or @entity49 than in controls, whereas it was higher in @entity1 with @entity64 than in controls. Our aim was to study the relation between @entity4798 ( @entity4798 ) and the FXIII @entity22653 polymorphism in 456 @entity1 consecutively recruited with a @entity4798 confirmed by MRI, and 456 matched controls. The distribution of genotypes was different in cases (63. 2% @entity2596 / @entity2596 ; 30.9% @entity2596 /Leu; 5.9% Leu/Leu) compared with controls (49. 8% @entity2596 / @entity2596 ; 42.8% @entity2596 /Leu; 7.4% Leu/Leu; P <.001). Carrying the Leu allele was associated with an OR of 0.58 (95% CI = 0.44-0.75). A similar association was observed in cases and controls free of previous cardiovascular or cerebrovascular history (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.36-0.73). No heterogeneity of this association was observed after stratification on the main @entity4798 subtypes. Adjustment for traditional vascular risk factors did not modify these findings. In addition, the effect of smoking was modified by the polymorphism (P =.05); the effect of smoking was weaker among Leu carriers than among noncarriers. In conclusion, there was a negative association of the FXIII @entity22653 polymorphism with @entity4798 , thus suggesting a protective effect of the Leu allele against @entity432 . In addition, our results suggest that among Leu carriers, the protective effect of the polymorphism outweighed the effect of smoking. (Blood. 2000;95:586-591)

title: The association between the XXXX polymorphism in the factor XIII gene and @entity4798 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction', 'BI']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity22653 :: ('p|SUB|V|34|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val34Leu']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity22653 :: (p|SUB|V|34|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['Val34Leu']


abstract: Owing to the poor prognosis of @entity1 with @entity43 , new treatment strategies immediately need to be developed. Although several immunotherapeutic approaches have been examined for the treatment of @entity43 , their implementation in clinical practice remains low. We previously showed @entity632 -treated @entity19 @entity43 cells [ @entity19 ovarian surface epithelial cells (MOSECs)] are able to deliver drug to adjacent cells in vivo to eradicate @entity5 cells. In this study, we hypothesized that irradiated @entity5 cell treated with anticancer drugs may kill other @entity5 cell by cell to cell contact and also by generating antitumor immune responses. The MOSECs treated with anticancer drugs ( @entity632 and @entity900 ) died through apoptosis, and this was increased in accordance with the dose of drug. The cleaved @entity185 expression was significantly increased in the MOSECs coexposed with @entity632 and @entity900 . Anticancer drug-treated MOSECs generated MOSEC-specific @entity1961 T-cell immune responses. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells expressed upregulated @entity12782 mRNA but @entity777 and @entity1618 mRNA downregulated after coculture with MOSECs cotreated with @entity632 and @entity900 . Furthermore, the @entity19 vaccinated with MOSECs cotreated with @entity632 and @entity900 had enhanced antitumor immunity and prolonged survival. We also observed that @entity1961 T cells and natural killer cells are essential for the antitumor immunity generated by vaccination with anticancer drug-loaded MOSECs. These findings suggest that irradiated MOSECs treated with anticancer drugs could be a new immune-therapeutic strategy against advanced @entity43 .

title: @entity5 cells containing nanoscale chemotherapeutic drugs generate antiovarian XXXX -specific @entity1961 + T cells in peritoneal space.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'advanced stage ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite 20 years of experience with injectable bulking agents for stress @entity322 results are rather disappointing. The satisfying initial results of collagen injection are rapidly decreasing with time, whereas synthetic bulking agents have shown problems with @entity4222 and biocompatibility. The ideal bulking agent would be permanent with a good clinical long-term success rate. We report our experience with Durasphere ( @entity505 Medical Technologies, Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota), a new injectable bulking agent containing @entity505 coated beads. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 and 13 @entity1 with a mean age of 62.5 years underwent transurethral submucosal injection. The 13 female @entity1 had been diagnosed with type III stress @entity322 and each had undergone at least 1 unsuccessful previous operation for @entity322 . There were iatrogenic and traumatic sphincter lesions in 6 and 1 of the male @entity1 , respectively. Mean volume injected per treatment was 6.0 cc. Mean followup was 10 months. RESULTS: After 6 months 76.9% of the female @entity1 were improved but after 12 months the success rate decreased to 33%. In the male @entity1 after 6 months the success rate was 66%, which decreased to 33% after 12 months. At the 6-month followup we observed significant @entity4222 of the @entity505 coated beads into the local and distant lymph nodes as well as into the urethral mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Due to limited success and proved particle @entity4222 , @entity505 coated beads do not show any improvement over existing bulking materials. The clinical effect of bead @entity4222 must be determined before extended use of this substance.

title: Particle XXXX after transurethral injection of @entity505 coated beads for stress @entity322 .

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon', 'Carbon']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity4222 :: (MESH:D014085,Disease) :: ['migration']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated recurrence and survival for 68 @entity1 with @entity320 who participated in a 6-week structured @entity146 group intervention 5 to 6 years earlier, shortly after their diagnosis and initial surgical treatment. We also explored the role of several factors as possible predictors of outcome. DESIGN: This was a randomized controlled experimental study. The Cox proportion hazards regression model was used to quantify the relationship between treatment and the outcomes adjusted by the covariates (age, sex, @entity92 , @entity5 site, baseline Profile of Mood States Total Mood Disturbance, baseline active-behavioral coping, baseline natural killer cell activity, and treatment [ie, group intervention]). The stepwise procedure was used for covariate selection. RESULTS: For control @entity1 , there was a trend for recurrence (13/34) and a statistically significant greater rate of @entity204 (10/34) than for experimental @entity1 (7/34 and 3/34, respectively). We found that being male and having a greater @entity92 predicted greater recurrence and poorer survival. Analysis of multiple covariates found that only @entity92 and treatment (ie, group intervention) were significant. Adjusting for @entity92 , treatment effect remained significant. Finally, baseline affective distress and baseline coping were significant psychobehavioral predictors for recurrence and survival. Surprisingly, higher levels of baseline distress as well as baseline coping and enhancement of active-behavioral coping over time were predictive of lower rates of recurrence and @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Psychiatric interventions that enhance effective coping and reduce affective distress appear to have beneficial effects on survival but are not proposed as an alternative or independent treatment for @entity5 or any other @entity66 . However, the exact nature of this relationship warrants further investigation.

title: XXXX . Effects of an early structured @entity146 intervention, coping, and affective state on recurrence and survival 6 years later.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['illness or disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['Breslow depth']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma']


abstract: As biodegradable pins and screws have increasingly been used in the internal fixation of @entity174 , sterile inflammatory reactions have occasionally occurred. The aim of the present experimental study was to assess the cellular response within cancellous bone to biodegradable @entity2635 screws. In 45 rabbis a transverse distal femoral osteotomy was fixed with a 4.5 x 30 mm screw made either of @entity6886 ( @entity6987 , in 20 @entity95 ) or @entity1989 ( @entity1989 , in 25 @entity95 ). The follow-up times were 3, 6, 12, 36 or 48 weeks. The time-related and spatial characteristics of the cellular response were examined histomorphometrically using standardised sample fields under polarised-light microscopy. Polymorphonuclear granulocytes and mononuclear round cells were scarce in all follow-up groups. The occurrence of phagocytic cells (mononuclear macrophages and foreign-body giant cells) was highest in the PGA-fixed 12-week specimens. The giant cells seemed to adhere to the implant surface at an early stage, whereas the ultimate digestion and clearing of the decomposing polymeric material later on were performed by macrophages invading the implant body. No PGA was left in the 36-week specimens, while the gross geometry of the PLA screws was still intact at 48 weeks. In conclusion, the inflammatory response to these polymers was quite mild. Thus it seems probable that some other additional factors must influence the occurrence of the clinical inflammatory reactions.

title: Intraosseous cellular response to biodegradable @entity174 fixation screws made of XXXX or @entity1989 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1989 :: ('CHEBI:60159', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactide', 'PLA']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolide']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

answer: @entity6886 :: (CHEBI:53492,Chemical) :: ['polyglycolide']


abstract: We analyzed a region of the capsid of @entity24715 ( @entity24715 ) which determines the ability of the virus to infect @entity235 cells. This region is distinct from those previously shown to determine the @entity235 host range differences between @entity24715 and feline @entity8544 virus. It lies on a ridge of the threefold spike of the capsid and is comprised of five interacting loops from three capsid protein monomers. We analyzed 12 mutants of @entity24715 which contained @entity3689 changes in two adjacent loops exposed on the surface of this region. Nine mutants infected and grew in feline cells but were restricted in replication in one or the other of two @entity235 cell lines tested. Three other mutants whose genomes contain mutations which affect one probable interchain bond were nonviable and could not be propagated in either @entity235 or feline cells, although the VP1 and VP2 proteins from those mutants produced empty capsids when expressed from a plasmid vector. Although wild-type and mutant capsids bound to @entity235 and feline cells in similar amounts, @entity281 or viral DNA replication was greatly reduced after inoculation of @entity235 cells with most of the mutants. The viral genomes of two host range-restricted mutants and two nonviable mutants replicated to wild-type levels in both feline and @entity235 cells upon transfection with plasmid clones. The capsids of wild-type @entity24715 and two mutants were similar in susceptibility to heat inactivation, but one of those mutants and one other were more stable against @entity1133 denaturation. Most mutations in this structural region altered the ability of monoclonal antibodies to recognize epitopes within a major neutralizing antigenic site, and that site could be subdivided into a number of distinct epitopes. These results argue that a specific structure of this region is required for @entity24715 to retain its @entity235 host range.

title: XXXX host range is determined by the specific conformation of an additional region of the capsid.

entities_list: @entity8544 :: ('MESH:D005254', 'Disease') :: ['panleukopenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity24715 :: ('10788', 'Species') :: ['CPV', 'canine parvovirus']

answer: @entity24715 :: (10788,Species) :: ['Canine parvovirus']


abstract: A relatively small number of agents are used in mouthrinse products, although the possible variability in the final formulations is enormous. The aim of this study was to compare equal concentrations of 3 antimicrobial agents, in simple formulations, for plaque inhibition. This 4-day plaque regrowth study was a 5-cell, randomised, double blind cross-over design, involving 20 healthy @entity1 volunteers. The mouthrinse formulations were aqueous 0.05% solutions of @entity4410 ( @entity4411 ), @entity1216 and @entity14789 , together with a 0.1% @entity4411 and a minus active control rinse. On Day 1, from a zero plaque baseline, volunteers ceased normal oral hygiene and rinsed 2x daily for 1 min. with 10-ml volumes of the allocated rinses. On Day 5, plaque was scored by index and area. All rinses produced lower mean plaque values compared to control, but unlike the @entity4411 and @entity1216 rinses, the differences with @entity14789 did not always reach significance. The @entity4411 and @entity1216 rinses were always significantly more effective than the @entity14789 rinse. The greatest plaque inhibition was with 0.1% @entity4411 although rarely significantly greater than the 0.05% @entity4411 and @entity1216 rinses which were similar in efficacy. The results indicate that further studies on lower concentration @entity1216 solutions are warranted.

title: A comparison of @entity4410 , XXXX and @entity1216 mouthrinse formulations for effects on plaque regrowth.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

answer: @entity14789 :: (MESH:D014260,Chemical) :: ['triclosan']


abstract: Differences in stromal and epithelial cell staining for @entity342 and glucocorticoid receptors (ARs and GRs) were investigated in 20 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 treated by radical prostatectomy. Sections of @entity1067 and @entity263 from each @entity1 were stained with antibodies to AR and GR using an avidin- @entity1885 peroxidase technique. The specificity of the GR immunoreactivity was established in @entity1067 and @entity263 by immunohistochemistry using the GR antibody absorbed with synthetic peptide and Western blotting. Nuclear staining intensity and percentage of nuclei stained were summed to obtain AR and GR immunostaining scores. AR staining of @entity263 epithelial [103 +/- 58 (SD)] and stromal (126 +/- 48) nuclei was less than in @entity1067 (142 +/- 47 and 169 +/- 56; paired Student's t tests, P = 0.02 and P = 0.01); however, no difference in staining intensity occurred between stroma and epithelium in either tissue type. GR stained intensely in stromal cells from @entity1067 (189 +/- 50) and @entity263 (163 +/- 60). However, @entity263 epithelial cells (34 +/- 57) had low levels of glucocorticoid receptor staining (P < 10(-7)), and @entity1067 epithelium (74 +/- 51) was intermediate. In most @entity1 , GR could not be detected in nuclei of @entity263 epithelial cells but was undiminished in stromal cell nuclei. There was no relationship by multivariate regression analysis between AR or GR staining and age, serum @entity1486 , Gleason grade, or pathological stage. In comparison with AR, the greater variability of GR staining in epithelium versus stroma of @entity263 warrants further study of GR, particularly in the area of stromal-epithelial interaction.

title: @entity342 and glucocorticoid receptors in the stroma and epithelium of XXXX and carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify a large group of @entity1 operated for @entity338 ( @entity338 ), and describe the outcomes of various subgroups and surgical strategies. METHODS: Thirty-six consecutive @entity1 operated during 1979-2004 were included. Thirty-one percent furthermore had other @entity455 . Eighty-three percent had airway obstruction symptoms before surgery. Twenty-eight percent were ventilator dependent, while 72% underwent repair electively. The median age and weight at repair were 0.8 years (4 days-24 years) and 6.7 kg (1.8-56 kg). The surgical approach was modified several times, including the following: homograft conduit (14%), monocusp valve (39%), and no pulmonary valve (47%). All @entity1 underwent @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) patching. Seventy-four percent underwent right ventricular outflow tract resection and 91% underwent transannular patching. Pulmonary artery reduction plasty was performed in 86%. RESULTS: The follow-up was 94% complete. Nineteen percent had died. The median follow-up time was 9.2 years (1 day-20.5 years). Survival after repair was 82% at 1 year and 79% at 5, 10, and 15 years. Postoperative survival was strongly associated to preoperative ventilator dependency (p=0.002). The current New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification was established in 93% of survivors. Eighty-nine percent were in NYHA 1 or 2, 11% were in NYHA 3. No @entity1 was in NYHA 4. Freedom from reoperation 1, 5, and 10 years after repair was 78, 65, and 55%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical outcome of @entity338 was closely related to preoperative ventilator dependency. Efforts to improve the surgical outcome should be focused on identifying and correcting this.

title: XXXX . Surgical and clinical outcome with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['APVS', 'absent pulmonary valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['Absent pulmonary valve syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with primary @entity320 > or = 1.5 mm in thickness are at high risk of having regional micrometastases at the time of initial surgical treatment. A phase III international study was designed to evaluate whether prophylactic isolated limb perfusion (ILP) could prevent regional recurrence and influence survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 832 assessable @entity1 from 16 centers entered the study; 412 were randomized to wide excision (WE) only and 420 to WE plus ILP with melphalan and mild @entity221 . Median age was 50 years, 68% of @entity1 were female, 79% of @entity320 were located on a lower limb, and 47% had a thickness > or = 3 mm. RESULTS: Median follow-up duration is 6.4 years. There was a trend for a longer disease-free interval (DFI) after ILP. The difference was significant for @entity1 who did not undergo elective lymph node dissection (ELND). The impact of ILP was clearly on the occurrence-as first site of progression - of in-transit metastases (ITM), which were reduced from 6.6% to 3.3%, and of regional lymph node (RLN) metastases, with a reduction from 16.7% to 12.6%. There was no benefit from ILP in terms of time to distant @entity3 or survival. Side effects were higher after ILP, but transient in most @entity1 . There were two amputations for limb @entity137 after ILP. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic ILP with @entity3601 cannot be recommended as an adjunct to standard surgery in high-risk primary limb @entity320 .

title: Prophylactic isolated limb perfusion for localized, high-risk limb @entity320 : results of a multicenter randomized phase III trial. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer XXXX Cooperative Group Protocol 18832, the World Health Organization Melanoma Program Trial 15, and the North American Perfusion Group Southwest Oncology Group-8593.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant Melanoma']


abstract: In this study we attempt to establish the consequence of in vitro @entity273 ( @entity274 )-induced membrane damage as manifested by spectrin-hemoglobin (Sp-Hb) complex formation and decreased red blood cell (RBC) deformability to in vivo RBC survival in @entity6599 . After exposure to 135 to 581 mumols/L @entity274 and reduction with @entity3902 ( @entity52812 ), @entity3474 RBCs were infused into the animal, and the fraction of cells remaining in circulation after 24 hours and the lifespan of surviving cells were quantitated. In a dose-dependent fashion, a positive correlation was observed between in vitro membrane alterations and the 24-hour in vivo survival. While 12% of the control cells were removed from circulation in 24 hours, 23% were removed after treatment with 339 mumols/L @entity274 , and 36% following exposure to 581 mumols/L @entity274 . Pretreatment with @entity1223 before exposure with @entity274 increased the survival of oxidized RBCs. RBCs not removed from circulation in the first 24 hours had a normal lifespan. Moreover, by selectively isolating @entity1885 -labeled, @entity2625 -treated cells that survived the first 24-hour posttransfusion period, a significant decrease in Sp-Hb crosslinking was observed in these cells. These results suggest that a subpopulation of cells sensitive to oxidation were removed during the first 24 hours. To identify this population, the survival of density-fractionated RBCs exposed to oxidant stress was quantitated. No differences in either the 24-hour survival or RBC life span were observed between untreated low-density (MCHC less than or equal to 32g/dL) and high-density cells (MCHC greater than or equal to 37g/dL). However, striking differences were noted after treatment with 339 mumols/L @entity274 , with the 24-hour survival of high-density cells showing a marked decrease compared with low-density cells. These data support our hypothesis that during peroxidative membrane damage, Hb oxidation initiates a sequence of events resulting in skeletal changes that lead to membrane alterations and, eventually, in vivo destruction, and that the dense, dehydrated cells are more susceptible to oxidant damage.

title: Decreased in vivo survival of @entity273 -damaged XXXX red blood cells.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation is a critical factor contributing to the progression of various @entity179 . The IKK/NF-kB signalling system is a central regulator of @entity32 , but it also affects neuronal survival and differentiation. A complex interplay between different CNS resident cells and infiltrating immune cells, which produce and respond to various inflammatory mediators, determines whether neuroinflammation is beneficial or detrimental. The IKK/NF-kB system is involved in both production of and responses to these mediators, although the precise contribution depends on the cell type as well as the cellular context, and is only partially understood. Here we investigated the specific contribution of neuronal IKK/NF-kB signalling on the regulation of neuroinflammatory processes and its consequences. To address this issue, we established and analysed a conditional gain-of-function @entity19 model that expresses a constitutively active allele of @entity28293 in principal forebrain neurons (IKK2nCA). Proinflammatory gene and growth factor expression, histopathology, microgliosis, astrogliosis, immune cell infiltration and spatial learning were assessed at different timepoints after persistent canonical @entity28293 /NF-kB activation. RESULTS: In contrast to other cell types and organ systems, chronic @entity28293 /NF-kB signalling in forebrain neurons of adult IKK2nCA animals did not cause a full-blown inflammatory response including infiltration of immune cells. Instead, we found a selective inflammatory response in the dentate gyrus characterized by astrogliosis, microgliosis and @entity637 upregulation. Furthermore, downregulation of the neurotrophic factor @entity9140 correlated with a selective and progressive @entity194 of the dentate gyrus and a decline in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning. @entity528 was associated with increased Fluoro-jade staining, but lacked activation of apoptosis. Remarkably, @entity528 could be partially reversed when chronic @entity28293 /NF-kB signalling was turned off and @entity9140 expression was restored. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that persistent @entity28293 /NF-kB signalling in forebrain neurons does not induce overall neuroinflammation, but elicits a selective inflammatory response in the dentate gyrus accompanied by decreased neuronal survival and impaired learning and memory. Our findings further suggest that chronic activation of neuronal @entity28293 /NF-kB signalling, possibly as a consequence of neuroinflammatory conditions, is able to induce apoptosis-independent @entity179 via paracrine suppression of @entity9140 synthesis.

title: Sustained, neuron-specific IKK/NF-kB activation generates a selective neuroinflammatory response promoting XXXX with aging.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss', 'Neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['local neurodegeneration']


abstract: The Ets family of transcription factors is one of a growing number of master regulators of development. This family was originally defined by the presence of a conserved DNA binding domain, the Ets domain. To date, nearly 30 members of this family have been identified and implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Despite the likely importance of Ets-family members, each of their precise roles has not been delineated. Herein, we describe the elucidation of essential functions of a few of these family members in vivo using knockout @entity19 models. Of the knockouts generated to date, the majority shows important functions in @entity1210 , ranging from @entity20464 , a principle regulator of myelo-lymphopoiesis, to @entity56934 which regulates the proper function of terminally differentiated cells. @entity10138 was shown to be of intermediate importance as a regulator of pan-lymphoid development. Other Ets family members such as @entity48293 and TEL1 display distinct and/or overlapping functions in vasculo/angiogenesis, hemostasis and @entity1210 . The remaining knockouts generated, @entity32246 and @entity23628 , show non-hematopoietic defects related to extraembryonic development and neurogenesis, respectively. The pioneering group of knockout models described reveals only the most distinct functions of each of these Ets family members. A better understanding of the roles and hierarchies of Ets family members in cellular differentiation will come with the generation of new null alleles in previously untargeted family members, more mutant alleles in members already disrupted, double knockouts, ES cell differentiation and chimera rescue experiments, and tissue-specific inducible knockouts.

title: XXXX models in the study of the Ets family of transcription factors.

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: The incidence of @entity150 among @entity1 is at least one-third to one-fourth that observed among @entity1 in many countries. Even after accounting for known risk factors, the reason for this gender disparity remains unexplained. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use with a primary focus on menopausal hormone therapy use and risk of @entity150 in @entity1 in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Reproductive and hormonal factors were ascertained on the baseline questionnaire in 1995-1996 among 201,492 females who were followed until December 31, 2006. During follow-up, 651 cases of @entity150 were diagnosed. A subset of @entity1 provided detailed information on use of MHT in a second questionnaire in 1996-1997. In this analysis, 127,361 females were followed through June 30, 2002 and 198 incident @entity150 cases were identified. Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for smoking status, cigarettes per day and body mass index using age as the time metric, were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs). A reduced risk was observed among parous @entity1 (HR=0.76; 95% CI 0.62-0.93) and @entity1 who reported late age at menarche (>= 15 years) (HR=0.57; 95% CI 0.39-0.84). @entity1 who reported ever using @entity172 and @entity1871 therapy had a decreased risk (HR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.34-0.83) compared with @entity1 who did not report MHT use. No association was observed for @entity172 only users (HR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.58-1.15). Our results suggest a putative role for sex hormones in the etiology of @entity150 among @entity1 .

title: Reproductive factors and menopausal hormone therapy and XXXX risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: We experienced three cases of unusual @entity1283 of the right ventricle or interventricular septum with severe @entity712 in the neonatal period. One @entity1 had @entity299 consisting of membranous @entity1145 , @entity338 , @entity2461 , @entity453 and a hypoplastic pouch-like right ventricle. Very marked @entity1283 was observed in the right ventricle and interventricular septum. Histologically, there was no appreciable disorganization of the @entity299 . The etiology of the unusual @entity1184 of @entity299 in this @entity1 is uncertain. The other two @entity1 had asymmetrical @entity1184 of the left ventricle evidenced by two-dimensional echocardiography. Cardiac catheterization was performed for these two @entity1 . There was no evidence of @entity299 ; however, one @entity1 had a significant pressure gradient in the outflow tracts of the left and right ventricles. These two @entity1 ' faces appeared unusual and they had @entity154 of their fingers and ears. This unusual @entity1283 associated with @entity299 and @entity154 of the face and extremities comprise a specific type of @entity296 in neonates. This should be distinguished from hypertropic @entity296 of older @entity1 and adults.

title: [Unusual @entity1283 in neonates with XXXX : report of three cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['minor anomalies']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['septal hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['absent pulmonary valve']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac muscle', 'cardiac anomalies', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['left single coronary artery']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of @entity1771 ( @entity22717 ) as an add-on regimen in reducing @entity410 rate in a population sample of @entity1 diagnosed with severe @entity3148 in @entity950 (SME). Eighteen @entity1 were evaluated. The mean observation time was 10.5 months (range, 6-18 months). @entity410 frequency and type were recorded. @entity1771 was administered as an add-on regimen at a starting dose of 1 mg kg(-1)and titrated to a maximum of 6-8 mg per kg per day. Different escalation rates were used, mainly weekly or fortnightly increments of dose. Three @entity1 (16.6%) became @entity410 free, and 10 (55.6%) had a >50% reduction in @entity410 frequency: six of them (22.2%) achieved a reduction greater than 75%. Side-effects were observed in nine @entity1 , eight with a weekly titration schedule and one with a fortnightly schedule. TPM is effective as adjunctive therapy for SME. Side-effects were mild and transient, generally related to rapid dosage titration.

title: @entity1771 in the treatment of severe @entity3148 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate', 'Topiramate']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']

answer: @entity950 :: (MESH:C537702,Disease) :: ['infancy']


abstract: There has been some concern about the environmental impact of microbial agents. @entity15250 may be used as bioremediator and as biopesticide. In this study, we report the use of soil enzyme assays as biological indicator of possible negative effects in soil functioning after the @entity15250 AF7 inoculation. For that, @entity15250 AF7 was originally isolated from the rizosphere of @entity579 and was inoculated on three soil types: Rhodic Hapludox (RH), Typic Hapludox (TH); and @entity10518 ( @entity10518 ). The acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase and protease enzymes activities were measured for three period of evaluation (7, 14 and 21 days). In general, the enzymatic activities presented variation among the tested soils. The highest activities of beta-glucosidase and acid phosphatase were observed in the RH and @entity10518 soils, while the protease activity was higher in the TH soil. Also, the soil characteristics were measured for each plot. The activity of enzymes from the @entity505 cycle was positively correlated with the N and the P and the enzyme from the @entity1568 cycle was negatively correlated with N and C.org. The presented data indicate that soil biochemical properties can be an useful tool for use as an indicator of soil perturbations by microbial inoculation in a risk assessment.

title: Influence of XXXX AF7 inoculation on soil enzymes.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity10518 :: ('MESH:C565043', 'Disease') :: ['AH', 'Arenic Hapludult']

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas', 'P. putida']

answer: @entity15250 :: (303,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas putida']


abstract: For many years, @entity14583 was thought to be responsible both for unlinking replicated daughter chromosomes and for controlling negative superhelical tension in bacterial DNA. However, in 1990 a homolog of gyrase, topoisomerase IV, that had a potent decatenating activity was discovered. It is now clear that topoisomerase IV, rather than gyrase, is responsible for decatenation of interlinked chromosomes. Moreover, topoisomerase IV is a target of the @entity52300 , antibacterial agents that had previously been thought to target only gyrase. The key event in @entity1536 action is reversible trapping of gyrase-DNA and topoisomerase IV-DNA complexes. Complex formation with gyrase is followed by a rapid, reversible inhibition of DNA synthesis, cessation of growth, and induction of the SOS response. At higher drug concentrations, cell death occurs as double-strand DNA breaks are released from trapped gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV complexes. Repair of @entity1536 -induced DNA damage occurs largely via recombination pathways. In many gram-negative bacteria, resistance to moderate levels of @entity1536 arises from mutation of the gyrase A protein and resistance to high levels of @entity1536 arises from mutation of a second gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV site. For some gram-positive bacteria, the situation is reversed: primary resistance occurs through changes in topoisomerase IV while gyrase changes give additional resistance. Gyrase is also trapped on DNA by lethal gene products of certain large, low-copy-number plasmids. Thus, @entity1536 -topoisomerase biology is providing a model for understanding aspects of host-parasite interactions and providing ways to investigate manipulation of the bacterial chromosome by topoisomerases.

title: @entity14583 , topoisomerase IV, and the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity52300 :: (MESH:D042462,Chemical) :: ['4-quinolones']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the production of the monocyte activation marker, soluble @entity5750 (sCD14), after bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) immunotherapy for superficial @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity2735 were treated with a standard regimen of intravesical BCG. Urine samples were collected after each instillation and analysed; the levels of soluble @entity5750 were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the molecular weight confirmed by Western blotting and the possible cell source investigated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The mean levels of sCD14 were higher in @entity1 with persistent @entity189 (designated as failures) than in those who had successful complete responses (responders) to BCG immunotherapy. The differences were statistically significant, with P = 0.034 at instillation 4 and P = 0.027 at instillation 5 for the total mass of sCD14, and P = 0.049 at instillation 4 for the concentration of sCD14. The predominant type of sCD14 in urine was the 48 kDa form, although in most @entity1 there was a minor band of reactivity at 54 kDa. A panel of @entity1 @entity150 cell lines did not react with the anti- @entity5750 monoclonal antibodies 3C10, 5C5 and BA8, and the antibodies also failed to react with malignant epithelial cells in frozen sections of untreated @entity150 . Furthermore, sCD14 was not secreted by cultured @entity150 cells. The source of urinary sCD14 is likely to be the resident and infiltrating macrophages in the bladder wall. Freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes secreted sCD14 in response to BCG in a manner analogous to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSION: A soluble form of @entity5750 is secreted into the urine of @entity1 who receive intravesical BCG. The measurement of soluble urinary @entity5750 could be of prognostic significance for the response to immunotherapy.

title: Soluble urinary XXXX after intravesical bacille Calmette-Gu  rin immunotherapy for @entity2735 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumour']

answer: @entity5750 :: (929,Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: This is the first European study that has evaluated educational level in a large sample of @entity101 outpatients. We established the educational level of the @entity101 outpatients in our unit, and determined whether the awareness of @entity101 and its organ damage was education-related. We analysed data from 812 consecutive outpatients (378 @entity1 , mean age 50 +/- 10 years) with essential stage I-II @entity101 . Subjects were subdivided into two categories: group A subjects were highly educated; group B subjects had a little education. Data were compared with educational level from the 1991 population census for the Campania region (ISTAT data) and with 200 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 (96 @entity1 , mean age 51 +/- 9 years) from the nearest @entity6 unit. For each @entity101 @entity1 we considered clinical, echocardiographic and biochemical parameters. Data from the last census showed a high percentage (80%) of subjects with low education. The percentage of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with little education was high (190 @entity1 , 95%). Conversely, it is somewhat surprising that most @entity101 @entity1 reached high standards of education and worked at sedentary jobs (group A: 736 @entity1 , 91%; P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that only diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.03) was independently associated with low educational level. Compared to @entity6 , @entity101 and its risk factors are relatively unknown to @entity1 with little education. Education is associated with greater health care and awareness that may overcome the risk related to low physical activity. Thus, we stress the importance of a sound health policy able to reach out to the uneducated and make them aware of @entity101 and the health care services available to them.

title: Educational level and XXXX : how socioeconomic differences condition health care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sexual functions, @entity147 and behaviours in @entity1 who underwent surgical repair of stress @entity322 (SUI) in long-term follow-up. BACKGROUND: Contemporary management of SUI includes conservative therapy and surgical repair - the choice of treatment modality depends on the severity of symptoms. If conservative treatment fails, surgical correction is necessary. The outcomes of the surgery for SUI and their influence on sexual functions are satisfactory in short-term follow-up. DESIGN: A total of 50 @entity1 diagnosed with SUI according to International Continence Society standards were included in the study. The @entity1 were qualified for surgical procedures such as: transobturator suburethral tape (TOT) (n = 35), Perigee (n = 6) or MiniArc (n = 9). METHODS: Sexual functions and behaviours were evaluated prior to the operation and 1-3 years postoperatively in all @entity1 using Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and non-validated questions. RESULTS: The mean time after the operation was 1  96    0  83 years. Postoperatively, all @entity1 reported significant reduction of @entity322 . According to DSM-IV criteria, female @entity250 were diagnosed in 12% of females after the urogenital operation. However, @entity458 (FSFI scores equal or <26  55 points) without @entity147 were reported by 62% of the @entity1 . The comparison of @entity458 declared prior to and after the operation showed significant differences in the prevalence of decreased desire, decreased arousal and decreased orgasm frequency. In addition, we documented significant improvement of sexual attractiveness and sexual life evaluation after the SUI operation. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical repair for SUI improves female sexual functions and reduces sexual @entity147 , as observed in a long-term follow-up. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Sexual functions, @entity147 and behaviours in @entity1 who underwent surgical repair of SUI; the impact of SUI female quality of life as well as on sexual functions.

title: Long-term impact of surgical repair for stress @entity322 on female sexual functions, XXXX and behaviours.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'urinary incontinence symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual complaints']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['distress']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunctions']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['distress']


abstract: Objective. It is to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of transobturator tension-free vaginal mesh (Prolift) and concomitant tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O) system as a treatment of female anterior @entity3133 associated with stress @entity322 (SUI). @entity1 and Methods. Between December 2006 and July 2007, 20 @entity1 with @entity3577 were treated with the transobturator tension-free vaginal mesh (Prolift) and concomitant tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O). Sixteen @entity1 had stress @entity322 and 4 @entity1 were considered at risk for development of de novo @entity3142 after the prolapse is repaired. All @entity1 underwent a complete urodynamic assessment. All the @entity1 underwent pelvic examination 4-6 weeks after the operation, and anatomical and functional outcomes were recorded. Results. Twenty cystocoeles were repaired: 6 grade II, 12 grade III, and 2 grade IV. There were no vessel or @entity1494 . Eighteen @entity1 had optimal anatomic results and 2 @entity1 had persistent asymptomatic stage I prolapse. Conclusion. These preliminary results suggest that Prolift system offers a safe and effective treatment for female anterior @entity3133 . However, a long-term followup is necessary in order to support the good result maintenance.

title: Outcome of treatment of anterior @entity3133 and stress XXXX with transobturator tension-free vaginal mesh (prolift) and concomitant tension-free vaginal tape-obturator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder injuries']

entities_list: @entity3133 :: ('MESH:D014596', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal wall prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['anterior genital prolapse and voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: Although the differential expression of heat shcok proteins, Hsp90alpha and @entity45875 was extensively studied in many kinds of cells, the post-transcriptional regulation of @entity19515 isoforms remains unclear. In control and GA-treated @entity35 @entity3038 cells, it has been reported that the translational efficiency of hsp90alpha is higher than @entity45875 . In this study, we present evidences identifying the roles for leaky scanning and 5'-UTR sequence in translational regulation of @entity45875 . The result of in vitro transcription and translation (IVTT) experiment showed that hsp90alpha exhibited higher translation efficiency than @entity45875 . Sequence analysis revealed that there is an out-of-frame downstream AUG codon in @entity45875 gene. However, elimination of the downstream AUG by site-directly mutagenesis or introducing Kozak context sequence around the initiator AUG of @entity45875 open reading frame increased its translational efficiency, which indicated that leaky scanning might be a possible mechanism regulating @entity45875 . Furthermore, we also constructed a firefly luciferase reporter system to verify the effect of subsequent translation at the downstream out-of-frame AUG codon in 9L and A549 cells. Furthermore, it is believed that 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) also plays a significant role in translational control. We showed @entity45875 5'-UTR gives rise to the reduction of the translation efficiency in IVTT experiment. Additionally, the reductive effect of @entity45875 5'-UTR was further confirmed by luciferase reporter assay using truncated deletion analyses of 5'-UTR of @entity45875 . Our results support the hypothesis that ribosome leaky scanning mechanism and 5'-UTR sequence acts as negative regulators in @entity45875 mRNA.

title: Control mechanisms of differential translation of XXXX isoforms in 9L @entity35 @entity3038 cells.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

answer: @entity19515 :: (299331(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Hsp90']