abstract: PURPOSE: To improve @entity66 control and survival with organ preservation, we conducted a phase II multi-institutional trial with a concomitant @entity3907 -based chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiation regimen. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-four @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 (stage IV, 98%; N2/3, 81%) were treated on an intensive regimen consisting of 5-day (120-hour) infusions of @entity1311 (20 mg/m(2)/d) and @entity1487 (600 mg/m(2)/d), oral @entity1862 500 mg every 12 hours for 11 doses, and radiation 1.5 Gy bid (T-FH2X). Chemoradiation was administered concomitantly on days 1 to 5 of each 14-day cycle. A full treatment course consisted of five cycles during a 10-week period to a total radiation dose of 72 to 75 Gy. RESULTS: The median follow-up for the group is 34 months. At 3 years, progression-free survival is 63%, locoregional control is 86%, and systemic control is 79%; overall survival is 60%. Seventeen @entity1 died of recurrent @entity5 , two died of second @entity5 , and four died of other causes. Side effects observed include @entity417 (22% required transfusion), @entity1210 (34%, grade 3 to 4), and @entity33 (84%, grade 3 to 4). Organ preservation principles were maintained. At 1 year posttreatment, 61% of @entity1 had severe @entity2133 and 47% had compromised swallowing. There was little disturbance of speech quality in 97% of @entity1 at the same follow-up point. CONCLUSION: T-FH2X is a highly active and tolerable concomitant chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiation regimen that induces sustained @entity5 control and holds promise for improved survival with organ preservation in high-risk @entity1 . Identification of less toxic therapy and improved distant disease control are needed. T-FH2X should be tested in a randomized trial and compared with a less intensive concomitant regimen that uses once-daily radiation fractionation.

title: Concomitant infusional XXXX and @entity1487 , oral @entity1862 , and hyperfractionated radiation for locally advanced squamous head and neck cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary cancers', 'cancer', 'local tumor', 'squamous cancers']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: @entity2814 ( @entity2814 ) inhibition as well as neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibition was demonstrated to influence hemodynamics in various @entity299 states. However, specific effects of chronic combined @entity2814 and NEP inhibition on left ventricular (LV) and myocyte geometry and function remain unclear. In this study, a dual-acting metalloprotease inhibitor ( @entity56386 ), which possesses both @entity2814 and NEP inhibitory activity, was used in a rapid-pacing model of @entity1002 . LV and myocyte geometry and function were examined in control @entity235 (n = 6), in @entity235 with pacing-induced @entity1002 (216 +/- 2 beats/min, 28 days, n = 7), and in @entity235 with @entity56386 treatment during rapid pacing (10 mg/kg p.o., b.i.d., n = 6). With chronic rapid pacing, LV end-diastolic volume increased (84 +/- 4 vs. 49 +/- 3 ml), and LV ejection fraction decreased (38 +/- 3% vs. 68 +/- 3%) compared with control (p < 0.05). @entity56386 concomitantly administered during long-term rapid pacing did not change LV ejection fraction (35 +/- 3%), but LV end-diastolic volume was reduced (70 +/- 5 vs. 84 +/- 4 ml; p < 0.05) when compared with rapid pacing only. With long-term rapid pacing, myocyte cross-sectional area was decreased (278 +/- 5 vs. 325 +/- 5 microm2), and resting length increased (178 +/- 2 vs. 152 +/- 1 microm) when compared with control (p < 0.05). With @entity56386 concomitantly administered during rapid pacing, myocyte cross-sectional area (251 +/- 5 microm2) and resting length (159 +/- 4 microm) were reduced when compared with rapid pacing only (p < 0.05). Myocyte velocity of shortening decreased from control values with long-term rapid pacing (39.3 +/- 3.9 vs. 73.2 +/- 5.9 microm/s; p < 0.05) but improved with @entity56386 treatment during rapid pacing when compared with rapid pacing only (58.9 +/- 6.7 microm/s; p < 0.05). Myocyte velocity of shortening with beta-adrenergic-receptor stimulation (25 nM @entity3044 ) was reduced from controls with rapid pacing (125 +/- 12 vs. 214 +/- 30 microm/s; p < 0.05) but was improved with @entity56386 treatment during rapid pacing when compared with rapid pacing only (178 +/- 12 microm/s; p < 0.05). In a model of rapid pacing-induced @entity1002 , concomitant @entity56386 treatment significantly reduced the degree of @entity5988 with no apparent effect on LV pump function. At the level of the LV myocyte, long-term @entity56386 treatment with rapid pacing improved myocyte performance and beta-adrenergic response. Thus the improvement in isolated myocyte contractile function was not translated into improved global LV-pump performance. The mechanisms by which improved myocyte contractility was not translated into a beneficial effect on LV-pump function with @entity56386 treatment during rapid pacing remain speculative, but likely include significant changes in LV remodeling and loading conditions.

title: Chronic dual inhibition of XXXX and neutral endopeptidase during the development of @entity1002 in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilation']

entities_list: @entity2814 :: ('610668(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction', 'LV failure']

answer: @entity2814 :: (610668(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish a phenotype-genotype correlation of various @entity3985 among French subjects. DESIGN: Retrospective molecular genetic study and clinicopathologic correlation. @entity1 : Forty-four subjects from 26 unrelated French families were included in this study, and 60 corneal buttons could be examined at the histologic and ultrastructural levels. METHODS: Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were performed on corneal specimens obtained during keratoplasty. Blood samples were collected for DNA analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After genomic DNA extraction from peripheral blood leukocytes of each family member, exons of the @entity14416 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the PCR products were directly sequenced on both strands. RESULTS: Four different mutations were found to be responsible for @entity3986 of granular type ( @entity14665 , @entity37206 , @entity14668 , and @entity37206 +delT125-delE126), three other different mutations produced a lattice type ( @entity14664 , @entity53754 , and @entity44883 ), and the last mutation identified was associated with the honeycomb-shaped @entity3986 ( @entity14667 ). Each subtype of @entity3986 showed, histologically and ultrastructurally, specific characteristics that are easily recognizable. However, besides these stereotyped forms, differential histologic diagnosis of atypical forms remains difficult, and these forms could be misdiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic biomicroscopic appearance and histopathologic features of each " @entity3986 present a significant degree of specificity and generally provide an accurate diagnosis. However, atypical forms in which clinical and histologic data alone could be misleading, are unequivocally diagnosed after DNA analysis.

title: Histologic phenotype-genotype correlation of XXXX associated with eight distinct mutations in the @entity14416 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant corneal dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy', 'classic" dystrophy']

answer: @entity3985 :: (MESH:D003317,Disease) :: ['corneal dystrophies']


abstract: The blood flow of the alimentary tract in anesthetized @entity235 was measured with radioactively labeled 15-micron microspheres before and after i.v. application of the gastrointestinal hormones glucagon, @entity10299 ( @entity10299 ), secretin, and @entity1943 . After 5 min glucagon in a dose of 75 micrograms/kg bolus + 5 micrograms/kg X min-1 infusion increased significantly the blood flow in liver, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon as well as the cardiac output by 160%, 761%, 662%, 576%, 817.3%, 320%, and 108%, respectively. A dose of 3 ng/kg X min-1 resulted in reduction of the circulation in liver, gastric fundus, duodenum, and colon by 27.7%, 19.1%, 16.2%, and 10.7% after 5 min while the cardiac output was not affected. @entity10299 ( @entity10299 ) infused in a dose of 3.3 pmol/kg X min-1 for 5 min increased the blood flow in the pancreas by 30% and reduced it in the spleen and gastric corpus by 26.9% and 41.5%, respectively. @entity11384 , another member of the glucagon family, after a 5-min infusion of a dose of 0.5 CU/kg X min-1 increased the cardiac output by 49.96% and the renal circulation by 120.7%. In the gastrointestinal tract circulation of the gastric antrum was stimulated by 474%, of the duodenum by 93.5% and of the ileal mucosa by 178%. Infusion of the pancreatic hormone somatostatin (3.5 micrograms/kg bolus followed by infusion of 3.5 micrograms/kg X h-1) increased the blood flow in the liver by 13%, in the pancreas by 23.15%, and in the spleen by 29.8%, while it reduced it in the fundic mucosa by 17.1% and corpus mucosa by 28.8%. In summary, the gastrointestinal hormones examined exert marked and distinct effects on the circulation of the gastrointestinal tract, each hormone in different parts of the digestive tract. Thus, the local microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract seems to be subject to hormonal in addition to nerval control.

title: Differential effects of gastrointestinal hormones on the blood flow of the alimentary tract of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity10299 :: ('484038(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide', 'VIP', 'vasoactive intestinal polypeptide']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the effects of intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) delivered by a pump implanted at a very early stage in acquired @entity1545 (ABI). STUDY DESIGN: This investigation was a longitudinal prospective observational study, including a series of 13 ABI implanted within 6 months of the acute events. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Spasms Frequency Score (SFS) have been used as a primary outcome measure. The Disability Rating Scale (DRS) and Level of Cognitive Functioning (LCF) scores have been computed in order to verify possible interferences of baclofen therapy at an early stage on a global outcome. An intrathecal bolus test was not performed. Drug tolerability was tested by oral administration of @entity1772 100 mg. RESULTS: Reduction of @entity508 and @entity2473 frequency were measured 3 months after @entity1 received the implant and at the 1-year follow-up. There was no difference found for global outcome measure between the group of @entity1 who received the implant earlier (within 3 months) compared to the group who received it later (between 3-6 months). CONCLUSION: ITB therapy in ABI should be considered as early as possible. The implants are safe and effective in reducing @entity508 . An intrathecal bolus test was not compulsory in ABI.

title: Timing of intrathecal baclofen therapy in @entity1 with acquired XXXX : influence on outcome.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated a high rate of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) resolution after sleeve gastrectomy. Different prognostic factors have been hypothesized for @entity6 remission after bariatric surgery. Our objectives were to analyze the role of @entity6 duration as an independent prognostic factor for remission. METHODS: From January 2008 to September 2010, 56 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6 underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Group A consisted of 16 @entity1 who had lived with @entity6 for >10 years (12 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , mean body mass index 42.7 kg/m2). Group B included 40 @entity28 @entity1 who had lived with @entity6 for <10 years (29 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 , mean body mass index 44.9 kg/m2). RESULTS: In group A, 43.7% were treated with oral hypoglycemics, 6.3% with insulin, and 50% with oral hypoglycemics and insulin. In group B, 87.5% were treated with oral hypoglycemics, 5% with dietary therapy, and 7.5% with insulin. The preoperative average glycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, and C-peptide value was 206.2 mg/dL, 9.5%, and 2.8  g/L in group A and 134 mg/dL, 7.1%, and 4.5  g/L in group B, respectively (P < .05 for all). The @entity6 remission rate in all 56 @entity1 was 80.3%. However, in group B, the resolution rate was 100%, but in group A, the resolution rate was 31%. @entity1 without complete remission were more sensitive to lower doses of antidiabetic drugs. CONCLUSION: Sleeve gastrectomy is effective in the treatment of @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6 . The duration of @entity6 seems to be of paramount importance as a prognostic factor, with 10 years representing a cutoff between a 100% rate of remission and significantly lower rates of remission.

title: Ten-year duration of type 2 XXXX as prognostic factor for remission after sleeve gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The prognostic value of the @entity1334 classification, bone marrow histology, Bournemouth score, and chromosome findings was studied in 88 @entity1 with primary @entity2590 . The median survival for the whole group of @entity1 was 22 months ( @entity309 61.7 months, @entity19853 31.6 months, CMML 15.7 months, RAEB 10.3 months, and RAEBt 8.2 months). @entity2008 were found in 37 of the 70 @entity1 investigated (52%). Only the differences in survival between @entity1 with complex versus normal karyotype were statistically significant (p = 0.02). The presence of small blastic cells, located away from the endosteal surface (abnormal localization of immature blasts or ALIP) appears to be a major prognostic factor in predicting the duration of survival and progression to @entity3052 , especially in the @entity1334 subgroups @entity309 and @entity19853 . Median survival for the 22 ALIP- cases with @entity309 / @entity19853 was 65 months, compared with 31 months for the ALIP+ cases (p = 0.0006). Nine ALIP+ @entity1 (53%) developed @entity3052 in contrast to 3 (13%) of the ALIP- cases (p = 0.008). By redefining ALIP and evaluating the number and characteristics of the accompanying cells, histological subtypes were distinguished correlating largely with the @entity1334 subgroups. Our findings demonstrate the prognostic importance of bone marrow biopsy and quantifying the complexity of bone marrow chromosome changes. It should be helpful in evaluating current attempts to find effective treatment for @entity1 with @entity4289 .

title: Update on the prognostic implication of morphology, histology, and karyotype in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of @entity6237 were studied in the maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion for chronic @entity955 or @entity956 . Eighty-one @entity1 were randomized to @entity6237 treatment or no treatment. Baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable. Compared to previous studies, @entity1 could be classified as difficult-to-treat @entity1 . Multiple regression analysis showed New York Heart Association class I for exercise tolerance (p = 0.0004) and @entity6237 treatment (p = 0.01) to be the main factors increasing the @entity943 -free episode. However, Mantel-Cox lifetable analysis did not reveal significant differences between @entity943 -free survival curves of both treatment groups. In the @entity6237 -treated group, 9% of @entity1 experienced side effects, mostly related to negative dromotropic effects. The incidence of @entity67 in this group of @entity1 was low. Thus, @entity6237 may be effective in postponing @entity943 recurrence, even in difficult-to-treat @entity1 . Caution should be excercised in treating @entity1 with underlying conduction disturbances, @entity1817 or characteristics favoring development of @entity67 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity6237 in the maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion of chronic @entity955 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular proarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which internal risk factors for the development of @entity6227 are related to the blood flow response following the relief of a pressure load. There were 122 nursing home @entity1 (43 @entity1 , 69 @entity1 , mean age: 81 +/- 8 years; range: 60-97). The following potential, internal risk factors for the development of @entity6227 were assessed: @entity102 ( @entity6 , @entity65 [ @entity712 , history of @entity583 or @entity951 ] and @entity64 ), fever, blood pressure, nutritional status, serum hemoglobin concentration, and serum @entity1133 and serum @entity1011 concentrations. Skin temperature response (latency time and total response time) was measured following relief of a 100 kPa test pressure. The presence of @entity65 , @entity64 , poor nutritional condition, high serum @entity1133 and male gender showed a significant relationship with an impaired blood flow response. The delayed latency found showed a similarity to the so-called "no-reflow phenomenon." The association of @entity65 and a @entity64 with a delay in the blood flow response may result from endothelial damage. A poor nutritional condition may be associated with a deficit of scavengers of @entity26 -derived free radicals. The presence of free radicals may damage endothelium during reperfusion, thus influencing the blood flow response. The association of high serum @entity1133 with delayed vasodilatation may theoretically be explained by the association of serum @entity1133 and @entity8 , since the kidney is an important organ in the production of vasoactive substances. Serum @entity1133 can also be considered a measure for nutritional condition. Gender may function as a substitute for other, unmeasured factors that are related to blood flow response.

title: Relationship between internal risk factors for development of XXXX and the blood flow response following pressure load.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired kidney functioning']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disorders']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['decubitus ulcers']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6227 :: (MESH:D003668,Disease) :: ['decubitus ulcers']


abstract: Current systemic therapy for @entity43 consists of a combination of @entity3003 and @entity1311 . While the majority of @entity1 achieve clinical complete remission after six cycles of chemotherapy, the relapse rate stands at over 50%. Median survival time for @entity1 after recurrence is approximately 2 years. New treatment approaches for @entity1 with advanced @entity43 include consolidation and maintenance therapy, intraperitoneal administration of cytotoxic agents, new combination chemotherapy regimens, the development of new cytotoxic agents, and molecular-targeted therapies. These agents will be evaluated either singularly or with chemotherapy. Currently, the Gynecologic Oncology Group is evaluating a combination of bevacizumab together with @entity1311 and @entity3003 in previously untreated @entity1 with advanced @entity43 . This trial is based on phase II data that suggest that bevacizumab as a single agent has significant activity in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . In addition, the Gynecologic Oncology Group will be conducting phase II trials of different combinations of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in an effort to decrease @entity137 associated with current intraperitoneal regimens that have shown an improvement in survival in @entity1 with small-volume stage III disease. The Gynecologic Oncology Group will also be conducting a trial of maintenance therapy in @entity1 who enter clinical complete remission with @entity1311 plus @entity3003 , comparing observation with monthly @entity1311 or monthly @entity1311 poliglumex. Novel new cytotoxic and biologic agents are also being evaluated as single agents in phase II trials in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 .

title: Systemic therapy for XXXX : current status and new treatments.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The recent shift toward the diagnosis of @entity0 has led to the reevaluation of their treatment. Because of the low incidence of nodal involvement, recent studies have recommended selective axillary lymph node dissection (AxLND) for early @entity0 . The incidence of nodal involvement is a critical factor in defining the role of AxLND. Large series based on @entity5 registry data report the incidence of nodal positivity in stage T1a @entity5 to be 16 to 23 per cent. In contrast, data that include only pathologically reviewed cases report the incidence to be 0 to 6 per cent. We reviewed the medical records of 148 stage T1a @entity0 @entity1 from 1987 through 1994 in two community hospitals as identified by the local @entity5 registry. After chart review, 115 cases with AxLND underwent pathologic review; 82 were confirmed as stage T1a. Only 3 of 82 (4%) @entity1 were node positive. All three node-positive @entity5 were of infiltrating ductal histology. No @entity5 characteristic was predictive of nodal @entity3 . Data from the @entity5 registry and from pathology reports overstated the incidence of nodal involvement (5 and 9%, respectively). In light of the limited clinical benefit and associated cost and morbidity of AxLND, selected informed @entity1 may be spared AxLND.

title: Axillary lymph node @entity3 in stage T1a @entity0 : a pathologic review of 82 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['smaller breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Respiratory problems in neonates and @entity1 may be the result of a variety of @entity4094 . Neurologic evaluation of functions, such as sucking and swallowing, may be difficult in these very young @entity1 and can be helped by neurophysiological studies. METHODS: 12 @entity1 admitted because of repeated episodes of @entity1576 due to difficulties of sucking and/or swallowing took part in the study. The neurophysiological studies included electromyography of the facial, lingual and pharyngeal muscles, brain stem auditory evoked potentials and measurement of the blink reflexes. The results were correlated with events during the perinatal period and those that occurred during the follow-up. RESULTS: @entity1282 was evident from the neonatal period; it was complicated by nasal reflux and @entity1173 bronchopneumopathy. @entity22212 was observed in 8 @entity1 . 9 @entity1 failed to thrive. The electromyographic patterns showed partial denervation of the facial, lingual and pharyngeal muscles in all cases; the blink reflex was altered in 11 cases, and the brain stem evoked potentials were abnormal in 3 of the 8 cases tested. 7 of the @entity1 had histories of pregnancy and @entity2241 . The swallowing function partially improved within several months. CONCLUSIONS: Neurophysiological studies indicate neurofunctional alterations in the VII, IX, X and XII cranial nerve nuclei, V and VII pathways and the auditory tract. These lesions and the time course of improvement suggest that they are due to pre- or perinatal anoxo-ischemic brain stem injury.

title: [Congenital XXXX revealing cerebral stem disorders. 12 cases with neurophysiological study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity22212 :: ('MESH:C531747', 'Disease') :: ['Facial diplegia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['obstetrical abnormalities, and/or fetal distress']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['deglutition disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic value of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) with angiography in @entity1 with @entity1151 . DESIGN: Open, prospective clinical study. SETTING: Two university hospitals. @entity1 : Angiography and @entity5642 were used in 11 @entity1 (5 @entity1 ) (mean (SD) age 50 (18) years) with @entity1151 . INTERVENTIONS: At a mean (SD) of 6 (4) hours after thrombolytic therapy with urokinase and full-dose heparin, all @entity1 underwent pulmonary artery angiography. Then 3.5 F mechanical, 20 or 30 MHz @entity5642 catheters were advanced into the pulmonary circulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The pulmonary circulation was studied by both methods to detect the presence of @entity715 , and a modified Miller score (assessing perfusion defects only and not velocity of flow) was used to quantify the angiographic images. RESULTS: The modified Miller score was mean (SD) 7.4 (2.3) points. 168 pulmonary artery segments (diameter range 2-14 mm) were studied by angiography and @entity5642 . On angiography, seven segments showed @entity3885 ; 112 were normal. Two distinct types of @entity715 formation were found by @entity5642 . Type A @entity715 only partly adhered to the wall but otherwise was mobile and type B predominantly adhered to the wall. @entity5642 confirmed all seven angiographically complete obstructions but missed three (6%) of the 49 partial occlusions. Forty (87%) of the remaining 46 segments had type A @entity715 and six (13%) type B. @entity5642 indicated a @entity715 in 38 (34%) of the 112 angiographically normal segments; 20 (53%) showed a type A pattern and 18 (47%) a type B pattern (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity5642 was more sensitive than angiography in detecting @entity715 but the clinical impact of this finding is not clear as yet.

title: Intravascular ultrasound in @entity1 with XXXX after treatment with intravenous urokinase and high-dose heparin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction and 49 partial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'acute pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVUS', 'intravascular ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that a locally integrated or intramyocardial renin-angiotensin system plays a significant role in @entity63 -reperfusion injury. We evaluated the effects of @entity9886 , an @entity11154 blocking agent, on @entity63 and nonischemic isolated @entity35 hearts. METHODS: Using the modified Langendorff model, hearts were perfused with either low or high doses of @entity9886 (18.2 mmol/L or 182.2 mmol/L, respectively) or with saline added to Krebs-Henseleit solution during phase I of the study. During phase II, hearts were exposed to a 60-minute period of global @entity63 . @entity63 was induced with warm cardioplegic solution (KCl, 16 mEq/L) containing either high-dose @entity9886 (182.2 mmol/L) or Krebs-Henseleit solution only. RESULTS: During phase I of the study, no statistically significant differences were observed between the low-dose @entity9886 group and the control group. However, hearts treated with high-dose @entity9886 demonstrated an increase in peak systolic pressure, maximum first derivative of pressure, pressure-time integral, coronary flow, and @entity26 consumption (p < 0.0001). During phase II, hearts treated with @entity9886 showed a significantly better recovery on reperfusion, as reflected by better contractility (p < 0.001), higher @entity26 consumption (p < 0.001), higher coronary flow (p < 0.0001), and lower @entity908 phosphokinase levels (41.1 +/- 1.7 versus 73.3 +/- 5.6 U/L; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High doses of @entity9886 have a positive inotropic effect on normally perfused hearts. Given in cardioplegic solution, the drug has a significant protective effect on @entity63 isolated @entity35 hearts.

title: Effects of an angiotensin II antagonist on XXXX and nonischemic isolated @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic arrest', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Cultured explants obtained from the dentate gyrus of @entity35 embryos (embryonic day 19-20) were used to investigate synapse formation and morphological differentiation of neuron types in the absence of extrinsic afferents. Synaptogenesis was studied by whole-cell recordings of postsynaptic currents and by ultrastructural analysis. Neurons were visualized using Lucifer Yellow filling or staining with @entity18516 . In short-term (3-5 days) cultured explants postsynaptic currents were rarely evoked by extracellular stimulation and synapses were almost completely absent at the ultrastructural level. After 6-10 days in vitro, the incidence of evoking postsynaptic currents mediated by @entity2227 and GABAA receptors was strongly increased. At the ultrastructural level, the density of synapses increased more than 20-fold. These results demonstrate de novo formation of synapses in cultured embryonic dentate gyrus explants. Neuron types could be discriminated by their dendritic arborizations and by their electrophysiological properties. After 6-10 days in vitro, mossy-like cells exhibited 3-4 primary dendrites branching in a characteristic pattern and showed moderate spike-frequency adaptation. Application of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) to cultured explants elicited GABAA-receptor-mediated postsynaptic currents in mossy-like cells, indicating synaptic @entity1246 release from local interneurons. Comparison to @entity750 evoked @entity1246 release in mossy cells in age-matched, acute slices revealed only slight quantitative differences. In contrast to mossy cells, granule cells showing several primary dendrites originating at one cell pole were almost completely absent in cultured explants, suggesting an involvement of extrinsic afferents in the differentiation of granule cells.

title: Synapse formation and morphological differentiation of neuron types in embryonic XXXX dentate gyrus explants in vitro

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We evaluated left @entity177 and its relationship to pulmonary venous flow in 53 @entity1 divided into four groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 normal subjects. Group 2 included 15 @entity1 with significant pure @entity4794 in sinus rhythm. In group 3, there were 13 @entity1 with pure significant @entity4794 and @entity955 . Group 4 consisted of 15 @entity1 with normal mitral valve and @entity955 . We found significant decrease in left @entity955 ejection fraction and maximum emptying flow velocity, velocity time integral of systolic pulmonary venous flow in Groups 2, 3 and 4 in comparison with normal subjects. Systolic pulmonary venous flow velocity was significantly decreased in Groups 3 and 4. There was significant correlation between left @entity955 ejection fraction and peak emptying flow velocity (r = 0.62, P < 0,001). Systolic peak pulmonary venous flow velocity was significantly correlated with left @entity955 ejection fraction and maximum emptying flow velocity (r = 0.67, P = 0,01; r = 0.58, P < 0,001, respectively). There was also significant correlation between systolic pulmonary venous flow velocity time integral and left @entity955 ejection fraction (r = 0.66, P = 0.001). When normals were excluded from analysis, all the correlations were still significant. We concluded that left @entity955 is a contractile structure, and that systolic pulmonary venous flow velocity is influenced by left @entity409 . Therefore left @entity177 needs to be considered when interpreting Doppler transmitral and systolic pulmonary venous flow patterns.

title: Assessment of left XXXX and its relationship to pulmonary venous flow pattern by transesophageal echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage function']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial appendage', 'atrial fibrilltion']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['atrial appendage function']


abstract: Fifty-two of 2,315 @entity1 (2.4%) with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) treated with radiation therapy at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and St. Luke's Hospital between 1975 and 1988 presented with local recurrence after definitive surgery. No @entity1 received radiation therapy after surgery as part of initial treatment and none had evidence of distant metastases at the time of local recurrence. The median time to first recurrence was 14 months. At recurrence, @entity1 presented with disease in the @entity2488 (eight @entity1 ), @entity358 (10), chest wall (six), regional lymph nodes (five), or some combination thereof (23). Sixty-five percent of @entity1 had histologic evidence of recurrence. Radiation therapy consisted of > 5,000 cGy in conventional fractionation to areas of gross disease in 35 of 52 @entity1 . Of 15 @entity1 receiving > 6,000 cGy, 13 had a favorable--complete (CR) or partial (PR) response-- @entity5 response to radiation therapy. Among these @entity1 , local control was achieved in 70% of @entity1 with marginal recurrences (i.e., stump, parenchyma, or chest wall) and in 50% with nodal recurrences. The median survival after radiation therapy for all @entity1 was 8.5 months. The best indicators for long-term survival were the interval from initial surgery to first recurrence and @entity5 response to radiation therapy.

title: Radiation therapy for intrathoracic recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stump']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral lung parenchyma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that valve allograft (VA) calcification results from an ossification process in which bone-regulatory proteins are expressed. METHODS: 15 VA that were explanted at the time of surgery for dysfunction were studied. VA were analysed and compared with normal aortic valves (n = 20). RESULTS: All the VA (5 aortic, 10 pulmonary) exhibited heavy calcification and important @entity82 . Immunohistochemistry studies showed that the bone-specific transcription factor @entity8087 was expressed by stromal cells. Bone alkaline phosphatase was expressed in calcified regions. Immunostaining for alpha smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin was increased in VA compared with normal valves and in 6 of the 15 valves formed cellular clusters close to the calcified nodules. In VA osteopontin and osteonectin were expressed by stromal cells, whereas osteocalcin was closely associated with the calcified regions. Furthermore, analysis of the bone-regulatory proteins that control bone resorption showed that @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ), @entity23986 ( @entity23986 ) and @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) were differentially expressed in calcified VA and normal valves. Normal valve leaflets expressed @entity2159 , whereas @entity2159 expression was absent or faint in calcified VA. @entity5298 and @entity23986 were not detected in normal valves, whereas calcified VA expressed @entity5298 and @entity23986 . CONCLUSION: These data suggest that calcification of VA results from an ossification process, which relies on tight control of bone-regulatory protein expression. The expression pattern of the @entity5298 / @entity23986 / @entity2159 system suggests that it may have a regulatory role not only in osteoclastogenesis but also in the calcification of @entity1 VA.

title: Expression of bone-regulatory proteins in XXXX valve allografts.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity23986 :: ('8792', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB', 'RANK']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity15 is postulated to be a @entity1198 -type cell-mediated @entity792 . We investigated cytokine profiles in @entity1 with progressive @entity15 by using intracytoplasmic staining. We found increased IL-12 production by monocytes and increased @entity379 production by T cells in untreated @entity1 as compared with controls. In @entity1 treated with @entity1499 , @entity1667 , or @entity786 / @entity1667 (CY/MP), only CY/MP treatment normalized the elevated IL-12 production. Furthermore, CY/MP-treated @entity1 had decreased @entity379 and increased @entity3646 , @entity225 , and @entity2533 expression. @entity1 followed prospectively before and after starting CY/MP treatment showed a gradual decrease in IL-12 and @entity379 production and an increase in @entity3646 and @entity225 . In vitro, addition of @entity9987 , a metabolite of @entity786 decreased IL-12 production in mononuclear cell cultures. When @entity1 were classified as having active or stable disease, IL-12 production correlated with disease activity. In summary, our results demonstrate a @entity1198 -type cytokine bias in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of untreated progressive @entity15 @entity1 that is reversed by CY/MP treatment and is associated with Th2 and @entity2533 (Th3) type responses. These findings provide a basis for immune monitoring of @entity1 with @entity15 and suggest that treatments that downregulate IL-12 may prove to be beneficial in progressive @entity15 .

title: Elevated interleukin-12 in progressive XXXX correlates with disease activity and is normalized by pulse @entity786 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity9987 :: ('MESH:C011272', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The long-term normalization of @entity413 metabolism - a prerequisite for the prevention of secondary complications in @entity1 with @entity6 - is only possible by transplantation of a whole pancreas or a reasonable number of islets. An absolute indication for pancreas grafting is given in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity454 . The 1-year survival after simultaneous kidney/pancreas transplantation is, according to the international registry, 94-100% for @entity1 , 89-92% for kidneys and 85-87% for the pancreas. The high success rate with long lasting normalization of @entity413 metabolism leads to a stabilization and/or amelioration of secondary complications, to an increase in quality of life and, most importantly, to a significant reduction in mortality when compared to @entity2316 . The indications for islet transplantation are similar to those for pancreatic grafting. Islet grafting is only a minor surgical procedure, but islet isolation is difficult. The 1-year survival for the recipients is 98%, for the islets 82% and for insulin-independency 42%. There is a significant decline of islet function to 10% 5 years after transplantation. Stem cell therapy would provide a definitive treatment solution not only for @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . So far, this therapeutic option is still at an early stage of development.

title: [Therapy of XXXX . Pancreas transplantation, islet transplantation, stem cell and gene therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic kidney recipients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The prognostic factors after hepatic resection for metastases from @entity14 were examined, and the results of adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy are presented. Hepatic resection was undertaken in 57 @entity1 with metastatic @entity96 from @entity14 . Adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy using @entity1487 , @entity632 or @entity1259 , and @entity1138 was administered to 31 @entity1 . The 3- and 5-year survival rates for the 57 @entity1 were 53% and 23%, respectively. The significant prognostic factors were @entity96 and metachronous @entity96 . However, type of hepatectomy, surgical margin, site of the @entity5 , and histologic differentiation of the @entity189 did not relate to the prognosis. The 3- and 5-year survival rates for the @entity1 given adjuvant arterial chemotherapy were 57% and 57%, respectively, indicating a significantly better survival rate than in the nontreated @entity1 . These results suggest that hepatic arterial chemotherapy is effective treatment in @entity1 with hepatic resection for metastases from @entity14 . However, recurrence in the lung is relatively high. Further improvement might be achieved by administering hepatic arterial chemotherapy as well as effective systemic chemotherapy.

title: Regional adjuvant chemotherapy after partial hepatectomy for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['solitary liver tumor', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity6579 ( @entity15002 ) type I and type IV in producing @entity17 was assessed in @entity35 tibial and sural nerve. By light and electron microscopy, a greater myelinolytic activity was demonstrated with type I, and concomitantly electrophysiology showed a more severe conduction block. In teased nerve preparations and 1-microns thin sections, demyelinated fibres were more frequent with @entity15002 type I. At 1 h after injection, electron microscopy showed much more extensive myelin lysis in the form of fine @entity10970 . By 6 days, completely demyelinated fibres were much more common and associated Schwann cells contained either small quantities or no myelin debris. With type IV @entity15002 , cytopathological changes were more extensive at 1 h. A minority of Schwann cells showed swollen hydropic cytoplasm and degradation of organelles. Axonal retraction from the myelin sheath occurred in occasional fibres, and in a few unmyelinated fibres axoplasm showed organelle depletion and increased granularity. By 6 days, Schwann cells still contained large quantities of gross myelin debris and had often retracted to expose extensive areas of axolemma. The findings suggest that the two types of @entity15002 have different @entity2045 , which may be related to their different @entity844 content. A possible role for the two types of @entity15002 in 'bystander @entity17 ' is considered.

title: Influence of XXXX content of @entity6579 on its myelinotoxic properties.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidyl choline']

entities_list: @entity10970 :: ('MESH:D012872', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular debris']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myelinolytic actions']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no data on the long term use of an @entity507 combination treatment in moderate or high transmission areas of Africa. METHODS AND FINDINGS: @entity506 plus @entity16944 (AS+AQ) was used to treat slide-proven @entity3964 -infected @entity1 of all ages in the Oussouye district, Casamance, Senegal, over a period of six years (2000 to 2005). Efficacy, by Kaplan Meier survival analysis (n = 966), and safety (adverse event rates, n = 752) were determined over 28 days. A weight-based dosing regimen was used for the loose tablets during 2000-2003 (n = 731) and a commercially available co-blister was used during 2004-2005 (n = 235). Annual crude (non PCR corrected) rates remained stable over the study period [range 88.5-96.7%; overall 94.6 (95% CI 92.9-95.9)]. Nine co-blister treated @entity1 (0.9%) withdrew because of drug-related adverse events; seven had gastrointestinal complaints of whom two were hospitalized for @entity391 . By Day 28, the mean total @entity648 (n = 72), @entity6571 (n = 94) and ALT (n = 95) values decreased. Three @entity1 had Day 28 @entity6571 /ALT values > 40 < 200 IU/L. Changes in white cell counts were unremarkable (n = 87). CONCLUSION: AS+AQ in combination was highly efficacious and well-tolerated in this area and justifies the decision to use it as first line treatment. Long-term monitoring of safety and efficacy should continue.

title: Efficacy and safety of artesunate plus XXXX in routine use for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Casamance, southern S  n  gal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity16944 :: ('MESH:D000655', 'Chemical') :: ['amodiaquine']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['Artesunate']

answer: @entity16944 :: (MESH:D000655,Chemical) :: ['amodiaquine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiologic assessment of @entity5 response in @entity788 is complicated by desmoplastic reactions within or around the @entity5 . The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between a decline in @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 who received upfront chemotherapy. METHODS: CA 19-9 serum basal values were measured in 247 @entity1 with advanced @entity788 who were enrolled in 5 consecutive trials between 1997 and 2007. Survival curves were compared among @entity1 who had a predefined CA 19-9 nadir variation (<50%. Group 1; 50% to 89%, Group 2; or >89%, Group 3). To eliminate guarantee-time bias, survival analysis was repeated using the landmark method. RESULTS: In both univariate and multivariate analysis, the basal CA 19-9 value significantly predicted survival. The median survival was 15.5 months for 34 @entity1 who had normal basal CA 19-9 values, 11.9 months for 108 @entity1 who had basal values between 38 U/mL and 1,167 U/mL, and 8 months for 105 @entity1 who had basal values >1,167 U/mL. At least 1 CA 19-9 follow-up value was available for 204 @entity1 who had baseline values greater than normal. A significant difference in overall survival was observed in univariate and multivariate analyses between Groups 1 and 2, between Groups 1 and 3, and between Groups 2 and 3. The results were confirmed using the landmark method. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, baseline CA 19-9 was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for survival, and it may be considered as a stratification factor in trials in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 . Biochemical response may be used as a complementary measure to radiologic response to provide a better assessment of chemotherapy activity and to drive treatment decisions in clinical practice.

title: @entity1735 antigen 19-9 change during chemotherapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Acute @entity1643 is a common reason for @entity1 calls or visits to a primary care clinician. Despite a large differential diagnosis, the precise etiology is rarely identified, although musculoligamentous processes are usually suspected. For most @entity1 , back symptoms are nonspecific, meaning that there is no evidence for radicular symptoms or underlying @entity262 . Because episodes of acute, nonspecific @entity1643 are usually self-limited, many @entity1 treat themselves without contacting their primary care clinician. When @entity1 do call or schedule a visit, evaluation and management by primary care clinicians is appropriate. The history and physical examination usually provide clues to the rare but potentially serious causes of @entity1643 , as well as to identify @entity1 at risk for prolonged recovery. Diagnostic testing, including plain x-rays, is often unnecessary during the initial evaluation. For @entity1 with acute, nonspecific @entity1643 , the primary emphasis of treatment should be conservative care, time, reassurance, and education. Current recommendations focus on activity as tolerated (though not active exercise while @entity158 is severe) and minimal if any bed rest. Referral for physical treatments is most appropriate for @entity1 whose symptoms are not improving over 2 to 4 weeks. Specialty referral should be considered for @entity1 with a progressive @entity51 , failure of conservative therapy, or an uncertain or serious diagnosis. The prognosis for most @entity1 is good, although recurrence is common. Thus, educating @entity1 about the natural history of @entity1643 and how to prevent future episodes can help ensure reasonable expectations.

title: Evaluating and managing XXXX in the primary care setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'acute low back pain']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['acute low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity7477 , an alpha-blocker, for the treatment of idiopathic @entity6660 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty couples with @entity249 whose only detectable abnormality was male @entity249 entered the study. The diagnosis of @entity249 in all males studied, aged 26 to 38 years (mean 28.2 years), was confirmed after exclusion of any @entity4499 , @entity792 . In order to start with a baseline value before the study, at least three semen samples were evaluated in accordance with the WHO recommendation. Before initiation of treatment, blood samples were drawn for measurement of FSH, LH, @entity251 , prolactin, @entity586 , and @entity53 . Fifteen randomly selected @entity1 (Group A) received 2 mg/d of alpha-blocker ( @entity7477 ), while another 15 (Group B) were administered an identically packed placebo tablet. Both groups received therapy for 6 months. RESULTS: The mean seminal volume changed insignificantly between the two groups (4.15 +/- 1.95 vs. 4.10 +/- 1.95). There was a statistically significant increase of the sperm concentration in @entity1 who received the alpha-blocker compared to those receiving placebo (24.76 +/- 9.45 vs. 13.15 +/- 11.55 millions/mL; P < .001). No improvement of the mean percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was observed in the treated @entity1 , nor a statistically significant difference of sperm motility in the treated group compared to the placebo group. Side effects were not observed in the @entity1 receiving @entity7477 treatment, or were so minimal that therapy was continued. The pregnancy rates did not differ between the two groups to a statistically significant degree. CONCLUSION: The administration of @entity7477 to @entity1 with idiopathic @entity6660 has a demonstrably positive effect, especially on sperm concentration.

title: Treatment of idiopathic XXXX with an alpha-blocker: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic, systemic, congenital, infectious']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic subfertility', 'infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune or endocrinological cause']

answer: @entity6660 :: (MESH:D009845,Disease) :: ['oligozoospermia']


abstract: Albumin dominates the plasma proteins in @entity1 . Following our observation that albumin turnover in rodent @entity5 is markedly increased, we will present evidence that albumin can be employed as an efficient carrier for targeting cytostatic agents like @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) into @entity5 . The considerable discrepancy in the molecular weight of @entity1500 (454 Da) and albumin (about 67,000 Da) tempted researchers to load multiple drug molecules on one carrier molecule. It was supposed that the optimal therapeutic efficacy of @entity1500 protein conjugates could be achieved by increasing the number of the molecules of @entity1500 attached to the carrier. In this paper we will show that only loading rates of close to 1 mol of the cytostatic drug @entity1500 /mol of albumin offer optimal conditions for targeting @entity1500 -albumin conjugates into rodent @entity5 . Conjugates bearing 5, 7, 10 and 20 molecules of @entity1500 on average showed considerable alterations in the HPLC profiles of the conjugates compared to albumin. Conjugates carrying 5-20 mol @entity1500 , tagged with a residualizing radiolabel, were efficiently trapped by the liver before reaching the @entity5 . The @entity5 uptake rates of these conjugates declined dramatically with an increasing molecular load of the cytotoxic drug linked to albumin. Competition experiments with maleylated bovine serum albumin and fucoidan revealed that scavenger receptors present on the cells of the liver monocyte macrophage system were involved in this process. For further preclinical and clinical studies, we chose @entity1500 -albumin conjugates, derivatized at a molar ratio of 1:1. These conjugates enjoy the same favorable @entity5 targeting properties like albumin, e.g. high @entity5 uptake rates, low liver uptake rates and a very long biological half-life.

title: The loading rate determines @entity5 targeting properties of XXXX -albumin conjugates in rats.

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: We investigated the clinical features and surgical outcome of 17 @entity1 with @entity302 secondary to CNS @entity281 who were referred to a tertiary center for presurgical evaluation. Six @entity1 had a history of @entity693 and 11 @entity1 had a history of @entity198 . Median age at @entity281 was three years (40 days-40 years). Time to @entity410 onset was shorter in the @entity198 group (median of 0.9 years versus 5.9 years in the @entity693 group). MRI showed @entity3877 ( @entity3877 ) in all but one @entity1 with @entity693 (5/6). MRI in the @entity198 group showed unilateral @entity3877 (four @entity1 ), bilateral @entity3877 (three), @entity45 (one) or no significant findings (three). @entity410 semiology, following analysis of 127 @entity410 , included @entity410 , complex motor/hypermotor @entity410 , @entity410 . Neuropsychological assessment in @entity1 with @entity3877 frequently showed bilateral @entity2414 (7 out of 12 @entity3877 - @entity1 ), even in 4 @entity1 with unilateral @entity3877 , precluding @entity302 surgery. Six @entity1 (two @entity693 and four @entity198 @entity1 ) underwent a temporal lobe resection. All @entity1 are either @entity410 -free (Class 1a) or are having only auras after surgery. One @entity1 from the @entity693 group underwent functional hemispherectomy and he is also @entity410 -free. In our series, @entity3877 was the most common finding in @entity302 after @entity281 . @entity2414 were often encountered in @entity1 with @entity3877 , even when unilateral, these deficits being a limiting factor for surgery. Good surgical outcome can be expected in selected @entity1 with unilateral @entity3877 and congruent @entity2414 .

title: Presurgical evaluation in @entity302 secondary to XXXX or @entity198 : bilateral @entity2414 often preclude surgery.

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis', 'MTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'automotor seizures', 'seizures', 'Seizure', 'dialeptic seizures and bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['CNS infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['porencephalic cysts']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment', 'Bilateral memory deficits', 'memory deficits']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical techniques and clinical effects of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) in the treatment of un-hydronephrotic cata-staghorn @entity1290 . METHODS: The clinical data of 46 cases (31 males and 15 females) treated by mini-PCNL were retrospectively analyzed. There were mono- @entity1290 in 38 @entity1 (3 @entity1 were the isolated @entity1290 ) while the other 8 combined opposite side upper urinary tract @entity1608 . The diameter of @entity1608 ranged from 4.2 to 6.4 (mean=5.2) cm. Puncturation was guided by B-type ultrasound. Lithotripsy by air pressure path lithotripter and/or holmium laser was done when the pervium was established. RESULTS: The pervium in the 46 @entity1 was successfully established by one-session puncturation with B-type ultrasonography guidance. The operative time ranged from 140 to 280 (mean=190) min. The amount of blood ranged from 50 to 200 (mean=100) mL and no one needed blood transfusion. Calculus was completely removed in 18 @entity1 (39.1%). Calculi in 10 @entity1 (21.7%) were completely removed among the 20 @entity1 who underwent second-look mini-PCNL. Calculi in 1 of the 3 cases were completely removed by third-look mini-PCNL. Left-over @entity1608 in 17 @entity1 (8 @entity1 after the first time mini-PCNL, 7 @entity1 after second-look, and 2 @entity1 after third-look) were treated by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and 8 were removed completely. All the 46 @entity1 were followed up for 4 to 48 months. None of them had nephro- @entity4 or @entity850 . Renal function re-investigation showed that 8 @entity1 recovered and 2 improved in the 10 @entity1 who had @entity2629 before. Two (5.4%, 2/37) had calculus recurrence in 37 cases which @entity1608 were completely removed before. The size and amount of left-over @entity1608 in 3 @entity1 (33.3%, 3/9) were increasing. CONCLUSION: Mini-PCNL is effective and causes less @entity130 for un-hydronephrotic cata-staghorn @entity1290 . Mini-PCNL combined ESWL may substitute the open operation and is the preferred method for un-hydronephrotic renal cata-staghorn @entity1608 .

title: [Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of un-hydronephrotic cata-staghorn XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal calculi']


abstract: PURPOSE: This randomised trial was designed to investigate the activity and @entity137 of continuous infusion @entity20311 (EP), targeting a plasma @entity2879 concentration of either 3 micrograms/ml for five days (5d) or 1 microgram/ml for 15 days (15d), in previously untreated @entity4153 @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity1 AND METHODS: EP was used as a single agent. Plasma @entity2879 concentration was monitored on days 2 and 4 in @entity1 receiving 5d EP and on days 2, 5, 8 and 11 in @entity1 receiving 15d EP, with infusion modification to ensure target concentrations were achieved. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for up to six cycles, with a 25% reduction in target concentration in @entity1 with @entity137 . RESULTS: The study has closed early after entry of 29 @entity1 (14 with 5d EP, 15 with 15d EP). Objective responses were seen in seven of 12 (58%, confidence interval (CI): 27%-85%) evaluable @entity1 after 5d EP, and two of 14 (14%, CI: 4%-42%) evaluable @entity1 after 15d EP (P = 0.038). Grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 or @entity1210 during the first cycle of treatment was observed in six of 12 @entity1 after 5d EP and 0/14 @entity1 after 15d EP (P = 0.004), with median nadir WBC count of 2.6 x 10(9)/1 after 5d and 5.0 x 10(9)/1 after 15d EP (P = 0.017). Only one of 49 cycles of 15d EP was associated with grade 3 or worse haematological @entity137 , compared to 14 of 61 cycles of 5d EP. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of @entity1 entered into this trial was small, the low activity seen at 1 microgram/ml in the 15d arm suggests that this concentration is below the therapeutic window in this setting. Further concentration-controlled studies with prolonged EP infusions are required.

title: A randomised, concentration-controlled, comparison of standard (5-day) vs. prolonged (15-day) infusions of XXXX in small-cell lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity20311 :: ('MESH:C061400', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity20311 :: (MESH:C061400,Chemical) :: ['etoposide phosphate']


abstract: An immune Indian ink micro-agglutination method has been evolved for the detection of an antigen present in the blood associated with @entity99 (called IHxAg). In previous studies 86% of serum samples taken from @entity1 with @entity99 proved to be positive by this technique. Present studies were related to 239 adult in- @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity99 (123 cases) or @entity1956 (116 cases). Blood samples taken serially during the illness were tested for IHxAg, HBsAg and anti-HBsAg. The results were in accordance with the clinical diagnosis in 60% in contradiction in 30%, whilst all tests brought negative results in 10%. The clinical laboratory findings (SGPT, thymol turbidity) were more in harmony with our laboratory results than with the clinical diagnoses. Rheumatoid factor did not disturb the immune Indian ink reaction, labile serum proteins caused, however, non-specific reaction in 30% of serum samples. When durocytes were used instead of Indian ink the rate of false positive results dropped to 10%. Sera taken in convalescent phase from @entity1 with IHx antigenemia in the acute phase of illness contained an antibody against IHxAg. A crude gammaglobulin preparation from a pool of convalescent sera gave a precipitation line in agarose gel with an antigen present in the fecal extract of @entity1 with @entity99 . This precipitation line proved to contain @entity778 -like particles with an approximate diameter of 25 nm when tested by electronmicroscopy. No precipitation could be seen when sera of the same @entity1 were tested against the same gammaglobulin preparation.

title: Attempts to differential XXXX from @entity99 by newly developed serological tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A', 'infectious hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play an important role in normal functioning of retina and photoreceptors, and some @entity2000 arise due to malfunctioning RPE. Retinal pigment epithelium transplantation is being explored as a strategy to rescue degenerating photoreceptors in diseases such as @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ). Additionally, RPE-secreted factors could rescue degenerating photoreceptors by prolonging survival or by their ability to differentiate and give rise to photoreceptors by transdifferentiation. In this study, we have explored what role cell density could play in differentiation induced in a @entity1 retinal progenitor cell line, in response to RPE-secreted growth factors. Retinal progenitors plated at low (1       10(4)  cells/cm(2)), medium (2-4       10(4)  cells/cm(2)), and high (1       10(5)  cells/cm(2)) cell density were exposed to various dilutions of RPE-conditioned medium (secreted factors) under conditions of defined medium culture. Progenitor cell differentiation was monitored phenotypically (morphological, biochemical analysis, and immunophenotyping, and western blot analysis were performed). Our data show that differentiation in response to RPE-secreted factors is modulated by cell density and dilutions of conditioned medium. We conclude that before embarking on RPE transplantation as a modality for treatment of @entity6391 and @entity1020 , one will have to determine the role that cell density and inhibitory and stimulatory neurotrophins secreted by RPE could play in the efficacy of survival of transplants. We report that RPE-conditioned medium enhances neuronal phenotype (photoreceptors, bipolars) at the lowest cell density in the absence of cell-cell contact. Eighty percent to 90% of progenitor cells differentiate into photoreceptors and bipolars at 50% concentration of conditioned medium, while exposure to 100% conditioned medium might increase multipolar neurons (ganglionic and amacrine phenotypes) to a small degree. However, no clear-cut pattern of differentiation in response to RPE-secreted factors is noted at higher cell densities.

title: RPE-secreted factors: influence differentiation in XXXX retinal cell line in dose- and density-dependent manner.

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degenerations']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: IL-12 is a heterodimeric immunoregulatory cytokine composed of covalently linked @entity12782 and @entity10357 subunits and exhibits antitumor activity in a variety of laboratory models. The efficacy of systemically administered cytokines for @entity5 therapy is often limited by @entity137 . The gene therapy approach provides a mechanism to achieve temporary and high local concentrations of cytokines within a @entity5 with less risk of systemic @entity137 . We constructed replication-defective adenoviruses containing the @entity19 IL-12 @entity12782 subunit (Ad.mp40) or a bicistronic vector containing cDNAs for the @entity12782 and @entity10357 subunits (Ad.mIL-12). @entity19 MB49 @entity150 cells infected with Ad.mIL-12 secrete high concentrations of biologically active IL-12, while those infected with Ad.mp40 produce the @entity12782 homodimer. Tumors injected with Ad.mIL-12 show rapid increases in IL-12 and @entity60 expression over 2 to 5 days and a return to baseline by 7 to 14 days. Injection of @entity5 with Ad.mIL-12 (1 x 10(9) plaque-forming units) results in a complete @entity5 regression in all @entity19 , while those treated with control adenovirus succumb to their @entity5 . Efficacy is reduced when studies are performed in @entity19 depleted of CD4+ and CD8+ cells or in @entity19 . @entity19 cured of their @entity5 by Ad.mIL-12 demonstrate specific protective immunity upon rechallenge. Ad.mp40 does not exhibit antitumor activity and may antagonize the activity of rIL-12 or Ad.mIL-12. In summary, gene therapy strategies for @entity5 using adenoviral vectors containing IL-12 are highly effective with no significant @entity137 in @entity19 .

title: Eradication of XXXX @entity150 by intratumor injection of a bicistronic adenoviral vector carrying cDNAs for the IL-12 heterodimer and its inhibition by the IL-12 @entity12782 subunit homodimer.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'Mice', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the fertility prognosis after conservative or radical surgery for ectopic pregnancy. Also, to identify any biological factors that may influence the fertility outcome after an ectopic pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective study which was carried out by collating information from the @entity1 's hospital records was performed on 137 cases of confirmed ectopic pregnancy between January 1990 and December 1995 at the Security Forces Hospital Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The outcome measure of term pregnancy rate and repeat ectopic pregnancy rate was analyzed up to 3 years after the diagnosis of index ectopic pregnancy. RESULTS: Our results showed that the term pregnancy rates were not significantly different following radical or conservative surgical treatments for ectopic pregnancy, P > 0.05, (50% in the conservative group compared with 56% in the radical group). But equally important, the risk of a further ectopic was not increased in the radical surgery group, P >0.05 (11% in the conservative group as compared to 8% in the radical group). The incidence of intrauterine pregnancy rate (term pregnancy + miscarriage) was also comparable in each group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the factors associated with higher fertility were age 30 years or less, past history of term pregnancy and a negative history of @entity249 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: No significant difference in intrauterine pregnancy rates or repeat ectopic pregnancy rates were found after radical or conservative surgical treatment for @entity7207 . The @entity1 's age, previous obstetric performance and a history of @entity249 significantly influenced fertility following the index ectopic pregnancy.

title: Factors affecting fertility following radical versus conservative surgical treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity7207 :: ('MESH:D011274', 'Disease') :: ['tubal pregnancy']

answer: @entity7207 :: (MESH:D011274,Disease) :: ['tubal pregnancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal protocol for the detection and treatment of @entity261 is unknown. We sought to identify and treat @entity1 at risk for symptomatic @entity3747 on the basis of a single @entity461 ( @entity461 ) obtained the morning after surgery ( @entity773 ). METHODS: We performed a prospective, randomized study of total thyroidectomy @entity1 who had @entity773 @entity460 and @entity461 (pg/mL) levels. Randomization was determined by @entity773 @entity461 : if >=  10, @entity1 received no supplementation unless symptomatic; if <10, @entity1 were randomized to @entity460 , @entity460 and @entity3873 , or no supplementation. RESULTS: Of 143 @entity1 , 112 (78%) had a @entity773 @entity461 >=  10. @entity14645 symptoms were transiently reported in 11 (10%) and managed with outpatient @entity460 . Of 31 @entity1 with @entity461 <10, 15 (48%) developed symptoms, including 5 who required intravenous @entity460 . On multivariate logistic regression analysis, when we adjusted for postoperative @entity460 level and performance of central neck dissection, we found that predictors of @entity14645 symptoms were younger age (odds ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval 1.07-2.32) and a @entity461 <10 (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.12). There were no @entity1 or treatment-related factors that predicted a @entity773 @entity461 <10. CONCLUSION: A single @entity773 @entity461 level <10 can accurately identify those @entity1 at risk for clinically significant @entity3747 . All total thyroidectomy @entity1 with a postoperative @entity461 >=  10 can be safely discharged without supplementation. Given the small number of @entity1 with @entity461 <10, it is unclear whether both @entity460 and @entity3873 are needed for these higher-risk @entity1 .

title: Predicting the need for @entity460 and XXXX supplementation after total thyroidectomy: results of a prospective, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['postthyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['Hypocalcemic', 'hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity3873 :: (MESH:D002117,Chemical) :: ['calcitriol']


abstract: @entity2184 ( @entity2184 ) is uncommon among wild type @entity19 . Efforts to develop @entity19 to study this disease have resulted in pigmented @entity5 derived from the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) or @entity5 of @entity989 and @entity2184 complicating the study of @entity2184 specifically. Reported here are two early stage intraocular @entity5701 discovered in 2 Tyr-HRAS+ @entity3842 /Arf heterozygous (1 normal CKDN2A allele) transgenic FVB/ @entity19 . These @entity5 were morphologically and immunohistochemically similar to spontaneous @entity2184 recently reported in the @entity3842 /Arf homozygous (CKDN2A knockout) parent strain. The @entity5 originated in the posterior uveal tract. The @entity5 were comprised of bundles of spindle-shaped melanocytes admixed with some epithelioid cells. @entity5 were immunohistochemically positive for @entity20137 , @entity14254 , pan-ras, but negative for cytokeratin and Melan-A. The development of early @entity231 and @entity231 is a consistent phenotype of @entity19 in which the @entity995 signaling pathway has been disrupted. @entity231 and @entity231 are rarely observed clinically in Tyr-HRAS+ @entity3842 heterozygotes, rendering this strain suitable for ophthalmoscopy. Consequently, Tyr-HRAS+ @entity3842 heterozygotes provide practical advantages, compared to the @entity231 -prone CKDN2A knockout strains, for real-time ophthalomoscopic detection and monitoring of @entity2184 while developing chemotherapeutic regimens and other research to understand the biology of @entity2184 .

title: Two cases of uveal @entity5701 in transgenic Tyr-HRAS+ @entity3842 /Arf heterozygous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral cataracts', 'cataracts', 'cataract', 'lenticular opacity', 'Lenticular opacity']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'n mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors', 'Tumors', 'mixed tumors']

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic melanomas']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['UM', 'Uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Variability and logistic complexity of mechanical ventilatory support of @entity649 , and need to standardize care among all clinicians and @entity1 , led University of Utah/LDS Hospital physicians, nurses, and engineers to develop a comprehensive computerized protocol. This bedside decision support system was the basis of a multicenter clinical trial (1993-1998) that showed ability to export a computerized protocol to other sites and improved efficacy with computer- versus physician-directed ventilatory support. The Memorial Hermann Hospital Shock Trauma intensive care unit (ICU) (Houston, TX; a Level I @entity130 center and teaching affiliate of The University of Texas Houston Medical School) served as one of the 10 trial sites and recruited two thirds of the @entity130 @entity1 . Results from the @entity130 @entity1 subgroup at this site are reported to answer three questions: Can a computerized protocol be successfully exported to a @entity130 ICU? Was ventilator management different between study groups? Was @entity1 outcome affected? METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity130 @entity1 were randomized at the @entity2414 ICU site. "Protocol" assigned @entity1 had ventilatory support directed by the bedside respiratory therapist using the computerized protocol. "Nonprotocol" @entity1 were managed by physician orders. RESULTS: Of the 67 @entity130 @entity1 randomized, 33 were protocol (age 40 +/- 3; Injury Severity Score [ISS] 26 +/- 3; 73% blunt) and 34 were nonprotocol (age 38 +/- 2; ISS 25 +/- 2; 76% blunt). For the protocol group, the computerized protocol was used 96% of the time of ventilatory support and 95% of computer-generated instructions were followed by the bedside respiratory therapist. Outcome measures (i.e., survival, ICU length of stay, morbidity, and @entity11283 ) were not significantly different between groups. Fio2 > or = 0.6 and Pplateau > or = 35 cm @entity2507 exposures were less for the protocol group. CONCLUSION: A computerized protocol for bedside decision support was successfully exported to a @entity130 center, and effectively standardized mechanical ventilatory support of @entity130 -induced @entity649 without adverse effect on @entity1 outcome.

title: Computerized decision support for mechanical ventilation of XXXX induced @entity649 : results of a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11283 :: ('MESH:D001469', 'Disease') :: ['barotrauma']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memorial Hermann Shock Trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate, in a phase III randomized trial, whether postoperative external-beam irradiation to the standard pelvic field improves the recurrence-free interval and overall survival (OS) in @entity1 with @entity5 with negative lymph nodes and certain poor prognostic features treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible @entity1 had @entity5 with negative lymph nodes but with 2 or more of the following features: more than one third (deep) stromal invasion, capillary lymphatic space involvement, and @entity5 diameter of 4 cm or more. The study group included 277 @entity1 : 137 randomized to pelvic irradiation ( @entity138 ) and 140 randomized to observation (OBS). The planned pelvic dose was from 46 Gy in 23 fractions to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. RESULTS: Of the 67 recurrences, 24 were in the @entity138 arm and 43 were in the OBS arm. The @entity138 arm showed a statistically significant (46%) reduction in risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54, 90% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35 to 0.81, p = 0.007) and a statistically significant reduction in risk of progression or @entity204 (HR = 0.58, 90% CI = 0.40 to 0.85, p = 0.009). With @entity138 , 8.8% of @entity1 (3 of 34) with adenosquamous or @entity5 recurred vs. 44.0% (11 of 25) in OBS. Fewer recurrences were seen with @entity138 in @entity1 with @entity420 or adenosquamous histologies relative to others (HR for @entity138 by histology interaction = 0.23, 90% CI = 0.07 to 0.74, p = 0.019). After an extensive follow-up period, 67 @entity204 have occurred: 27 @entity138 @entity1 and 40 OBS @entity1 . The improvement in overall survival (HR = 0.70, 90% CI = 0.45 to 1.05, p = 0.074) with @entity138 did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic radiotherapy after radical surgery significantly reduces the risk of recurrence and prolongs progression-free survival in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity138 appears to be particularly beneficial for @entity1 with @entity420 or adenosquamous histologies. Circumstances that may have influenced the overall survival differences are considered.

title: A phase III randomized trial of postoperative pelvic irradiation in XXXX with poor prognostic features: follow-up of a gynecologic oncology group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage IB cervical cancer', 'adenocarcinoma tumors', 'Stage IB cervical cancers']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage IB cervical carcinoma']


abstract: Motor unit number estimation was employed to assess muscle innervation in 76 @entity1 with prior @entity3328 . Of the 68 @entity1 who were < 70 years of age, new musculoskeletal symptoms had appeared in all but four; the mean latent interval was 38.0 +/- 10.1 years. As expected, there was a high incidence of muscles exhibiting denervation in previously affected limbs (87%). However, the incidence in supposedly unaffected limbs was also high (65%). Significant differences in the degree of denervation were found between muscles of the same hands and feet. Judged on the basis of their potential amplitudes, the surviving motor units in partially denervated muscles tended to be enlarged. The enlargement was proportional to the extent of the denervation and was comparable to that found in @entity746 . In some muscles, possibly those innervated by failing motor neurons, motor-unit enlargement was not present. Needle examination confirmed the high incidences of denervation in affected and allegedly unaffected limbs. Of the 188 muscles with EMG features of chronic denervation, only nine exhibited fibrillations or positive sharp waves (4.8%). Ninety-five muscles of 18 @entity1 were studied a second time after an interval of 2 years. Overall, there was a 13.4% reduction in motor-unit number and a 18.4% diminution in M-wave amplitude (P < 0.001). The rate of motor-unit loss was twice that occurring in healthy subjects aged > 60 years. Analysis of individual @entity1 indicated that some were deteriorating more rapidly than others. These studies confirm that denervation progresses in @entity1 with prior @entity3328 in both clinically affected and unaffected muscles, and indicate that this progression is more rapid than that occurring in normal ageing.

title: Early and late losses of motor units after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['poliomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Delayed @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is used to examine the distribution of glycosaminoglycan in cartilage. This study sought to characterize dGEMRIC in the evaluation of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) according to various radiographically determined disease parameters, and to examine the relationship between alignment of the knee joint and the lateral:medial dGEMRIC ratio. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with knee @entity571 underwent MRI with a dGEMRIC protocol at 1.5T. Semiflexed knee radiographs and full-limb radiographs were also obtained for assessment of alignment. RESULTS: Compartments of the knee joint without joint space narrowing had a higher dGEMRIC index than those with any level of narrowing (mean 408 msec versus 365 msec; P = 0.001). In knees with 1 unnarrowed (spared) and 1 narrowed (diseased) compartment, the dGEMRIC index was greater in the spared versus the diseased compartment (mean 395 msec versus 369 msec; P = 0.001). In spared compartments, there was a trend toward a lower dGEMRIC index with increasing Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) radiographic severity grade; the spared compartments of knees with a K/L grade 2 had a higher dGEMRIC index than those of knees with a K/L grade 4 (mean 425 msec versus 371 msec; P < 0.05). There was a range of dGEMRIC values in the spared compartments within a given K/L grade, demonstrating biochemical differentiation of disease in radiographically comparable compartments. Almost all compartments with narrowing had dGEMRIC indices of <400 msec. Valgus-aligned knees tended to have lower dGEMRIC values laterally, and varus-aligned knees tended to have lower dGEMRIC values medially; as a continuous variable, alignment correlated with the lateral:medial dGEMRIC ratio (Pearson's R = 0.43, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The biochemical information provided by dGEMRIC scans may augment radiography by improving the differentiation of disease status within a given radiographic grade, especially in early @entity571 .

title: Delayed XXXX -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage in @entity626 : findings at different radiographic stages of disease and relationship to malalignment.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with medical therapy alone, coronary artery bypass surgery improves survival in @entity1 with @entity301 and @entity1002 . Many of these @entity1 have a hibernating @entity1562 secondary to chronic @entity63 with the potential for improvement in left ventricular function and @entity712 following revascularization therapy. Cardiac transplantation remains the treatment of choice for @entity1 with severe @entity712 . METHODS: From January 1992 to June 2000, 351 consecutive @entity1 (318 @entity1 , 33 @entity1 , mean age 62.8 +/- 8.9 years) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) < or = 35% and with multivessel @entity453 underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Preoperatively 226 @entity1 were in CCS class III-IV and 113 in NYHA class III-IV. The mean number of grafts was 3.4 +/- 0.8/ @entity1 and complete revascularization was achieved in 98.6% of cases. The internal mammary artery was used in 341 @entity1 (97.2%) and in 328 (96%) as a graft for the left anterior descending artery. Follow-up was obtained in 97% of the @entity1 and on average lasted 42 +/- 28 months. RESULTS: The hospital mortality was 5.9%. At multivariate analysis urgent operation (p < 0.01) and a lower EF (25.9% in deaths vs 29.1%, p < 0.05) were predictors of an increased operative mortality. EF (assessed postoperatively at transthoracic echocardiography in survivors) improved from 28.9 +/- 5.7 to 34.4 +/- 7.7% (p < 0.0001). At 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 years respectively, the all-cause survival was 93 +/- 1.5, 85 +/- 2.2, 77 +/- 3.1, 69 +/- 4.9, and 60 +/- 7.3% and the freedom from @entity204 was 94 +/- 1.4, 89 +/- 1.9, 88 +/- 2, 80 +/- 4.7, and 76 +/- 5.7% with an improvement in the anginal and @entity712 status (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity453 and severe @entity1002 , after evaluation of the clinical presentation, of the usefulness of vessels as grafts and of the presence of myocardial viability, 1) coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed with a low mortality and a good mid-term survival, 2) improvement in left ventricular function can be documented after coronary bypass surgery, 3) the internal mammary artery can be safely used as a graft, 4) the quality of life is improved as demonstrated by the improvement in the anginal and @entity712 status.

title: [Aortocoronary bypass in severe XXXX : 9 years of clinical experience and mid-term results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure symptoms']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcomes of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) for post-traumatic @entity625 are less reliable than for idiopathic @entity571 . These @entity1 tend to be younger, present with varying degrees of @entity85 , and often have a history of prior surgery, resulting in a wide spectrum of pathology. We hypothesized that preoperative variables, in particular the location of @entity85 , would predict @entity158 and functional outcomes. METHODS: The outcomes of @entity348 for post-traumatic @entity4040 were studied in 47 knees treated at our institution. All @entity1 were administered the Knee Society Score (KSS) preoperatively and at follow-up (mean 52months, range 16 to 124). We classified the defects into four categories: intra-articular, metaphyseal, diaphyseal, and combined femoral and @entity85 . RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in KSS scores for @entity158 (p<0.0001) and a trend toward higher function (p=0.06) comparing preoperative scores to final follow-up. The largest improvements in @entity158 and functional scores were in @entity1 with isolated @entity85 , while @entity1 with combined tibial and @entity85 did not have significant improvements in @entity158 or function. Soft-tissue defects requiring flap coverage were associated with worsening in the @entity158 score (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: The location of post-traumatic @entity85 and compromise of the soft-tissue envelope influence the @entity158 and functional outcomes of @entity348 for post-traumatic @entity625 . Specifically, isolated @entity85 have the largest improvement in @entity158 and function while @entity1 with combined tibial and @entity85 as well as @entity1 with soft-tissue compromise experience poor outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV-Retrospective Case Series.

title: The predictors of outcome in @entity348 for post-traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'femoral deformities', 'tibial deformities', 'articular deformities']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']