abstract: OBJECTIVES: Opinions vary widely regarding the effectiveness of transcatheter @entity118 ( @entity118 ) closure in adults, especially in elderly @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the hemodynamic changes after transcatheter @entity118 closure in two groups of @entity1 , one aged 40-59 years (group 1) and one 60 years of age and older (group 2). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 files. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 were evaluated (23 in each group). Older @entity1 had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and established @entity453 . There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in Qp/Qs values, @entity118 diameter and occluder size. The elderly @entity1 had significantly higher baseline systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAp) levels -53 +/- 16.2 vs. 39 +/- 7.7 mm Hg, P = 0.003. One year following the procedure, the mean reduction in PAp values was 11.3% in group 1 and 19% in group 2 (P = 0.099). While significant baseline @entity997 ( @entity997 ) was more frequent in the elderly @entity1 , no significant @entity997 was observed in either group 1 year following the procedure. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter @entity118 closure resulted in significant hemodynamic improvement in all @entity1 , but was even more beneficial in the elderly @entity1 cohort.

title: Comparative changes of pulmonary artery pressure values and @entity997 following transcatheter XXXX closure in adults and the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a significant reduction in frequency and severity of hot flashes in symptomatic postmenopausal @entity1 who are administered continuously different dose combinations of @entity5709 and @entity2082 . DESIGN: Two randomized clinical trials (Study 1 and Study 2) were conducted in which study @entity1 recorded in daily diaries the frequency of their hot flashes. Study 2 @entity1 also recorded the number of mild, moderate, or severe hot flashes they experienced. In Study 1, a total of 219 postmenopausal @entity1 reporting vasomotor symptoms were placed randomly into groups to receive either a placebo or 1 of 4 treatments (0.2 mg/1 microg; 0.5 mg/2.5 microg; 1 mg/5 microg; or 1 mg/10 microg @entity5709 / @entity2082 ). In Study 2, a total of 266 highly symptomatic postmenopausal @entity1 were placed randomly to receive either a placebo or 1 of 3 treatment groups [0.5 mg/2.5 microg; 1 mg/5 microg; or 1 mg/10 microg @entity5709 (NA)/ @entity2082 (EE)]. Total duration of treatment was 16 weeks in Study 1 and 12 weeks in Study 2. Study 1 subjects had to have at least 10 hot flashes during the week before randomization. Study 2 subjects had to have at least 56 moderate to severe hot flashes during the week before randomization. RESULTS: In both studies, there was a dose-related decrease in hot flash frequency with the highest dose (1 mg NA/10 microg EE) group that had the greatest response. Significant differences from placebo (p < 0.05, Dunnett's test) occurred within 4 weeks in Study 1 for hot flash frequency with a percent reduction in frequency ranging from 33% for placebo to 84% for both the 1 mg NA/10 microg EE and 1 mg NA/5 microg EE dose groups. Likewise, Study 2 significant reductions in hot flash frequency occurred by Week 2 for 1 mg NA/10 microg EE, Week 3 for 1 mg NA/5 microg EE, and Week 5 for 0.5 mg NA/2.5 microg EE (p < 0.05, Dunnett's test). This dose effect was also apparent with regard to severity. In addition, more subjects had clinically meaningful reductions in hot flash frequency or elimination as the dose combinations increased. CONCLUSION: There were significant reductions in hot flash frequency and severity with continuous treatment with @entity5709 and @entity2082 combinations. The time at which significant reductions were observed, as well as the magnitude of the response, were dose dependent. The opportunity for lower-dose options of a new continuous-combined hormone replacement therapy provides therapeutic flexibility for @entity1 who are recently menopausal.

title: The effect of varying low-dose combinations of @entity5709 and XXXX (femhrt) on the frequency and intensity of vasomotor symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity5709 :: ('MESH:C024262', 'Chemical') :: ['norethindrone acetate']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinyl estradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This report describes the results of the Food and Drug Administration's phase 1 and 2 clinical trials of intravascular stents at Texas @entity1 's Hospital. BACKGROUND: Since the late 1980s, intravascular stent implantation for the treatment of arterial and venous stenoses in @entity299 has been highly successful. METHODS: Stents were placed in @entity891 (PA) stenoses, congenital PA stenoses or stenoses of systemic veins/venous anastomoses. Prospective collection of data according to protocol was done before intervention, after stent implantation and at follow-up catheterization. RESULTS: At stent implantation, pressure gradients decreased significantly in all three groups (mean +/- SD): from 46 +/- 25 to 10 +/- 13 mm Hg in postoperative PA stenoses (p < 0.001); from 71 +/- 45 to 15 +/- 21 mm Hg in congenital PA stenoses (p < 0.001); and from 7 +/- 6 to 1 +/- 2 mm Hg in stenoses of systemic veins/venous anastomoses stenoses (p < 0.001). Vessel diameters markedly increased: from 6 +/- 3 to 12 +/- 3 mm in postoperative PA stenoses (p < 0.001); from 3 + 1 to 9 + 1 mm in congenital PA stenoses (p < 0.001); and from 3 +/- 4 to 12 +/- 4 mm in stenoses of systemic veins/venous anastomoses (p < 0.001). In the postoperative and congenital PA stenoses groups, right ventricular pressure decreased (right ventricular pressure indexed to femoral artery pressure ratio): from 0.63 +/- 0.2 to 0.41 +/- 0.02 (p < 0.001) and from 0.71 +/- 0.3 to 0.55 +/- 0.35 (p = 0.04), respectively. Perfusion to a single affected lung increased from 31 +/- 17% to 46 +/- 14% (p < 0.001). On recatheterization (mean 14 months), results varied minimally. Repeat angioplasty of residual stent stenoses was safe and effective. Complications included four early @entity1 with stent migration, three with stent @entity715 and two deaths. There were no late complications. Significant @entity256 occurred in only three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Intravascular stents for the treatment of vascular stenoses in @entity299 provide excellent immediate and long-term results.

title: Intravascular stents in XXXX : short- and long-term results from a large single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the last two cold winters we have treated 5 severely hypothermic @entity1 (temperature below 30 degrees C) with active external rewarming rather than with extracorporal circulation and heat exchanger. @entity1 : Two @entity1 were found in @entity1167 , and 3 victims of mountain accidents suffered @entity2332 without @entity1167 . In one of them, @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) was converted successfully to a sinus rhythm at a core temperature of 25.9 degrees C. Both arrested @entity1 developed an adequate hemodynamic state during resuscitation although they were at very low temperature. All the @entity1 were warmed with a convective cover inflated with warm air of about 38 degrees C (Bair Hugger). The core temperature increased by approximately 1 degree C/h in all @entity1 . During rewarming we observed neither an initial drop of the core temperature (afterdrop) nor @entity943 . The outcome of all 5 @entity1 was good without neurological sequelae. CONCLUSION: We conclude that external rewarming with forced air is a feasible alternative to cardiopulmonary bypass in severely hypothermic @entity1 with electrical activity. This method can be used even in @entity1 with @entity2224 because defibrillation can be successfully performed in @entity2332 . Although after-drop during external rewarming is feared, we did not observe this phenomenon. Rewarming with forced air is inexpensive, easy to perform and direct access to the @entity1 is possible at any time. It does not require heparinisation and can be used in hospitals where they do not have cardiopulmonary bypass facilities. Thus, this method is particularly useful in situations when the hypothermic @entity1 cannot be transferred to a major medical center.

title: Deep @entity2332 and XXXX --rewarming with forced air.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['deep hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the merits of screening for @entity3252 in all pregnant @entity1 . METHODS: We used decision analysis to compare three strategies for the antepartum management of @entity3251 : 1) no testing for @entity3251 ; 2) current practice, which is to perform targeted screening in cases of incidental abnormalities noted on ultrasound; and 3) universal serologic screening of pregnant @entity1 followed by amniocentesis to diagnose @entity2241 in cases of maternal seroconversion. For each of the three strategies, we considered the two available treatment options: intrauterine antiparasitic treatment or pregnancy termination. RESULTS: Universal screening reduced the total number of cases of @entity3251 compared with no testing or targeted screening. However, compared with no testing, universal screening with medical treatment resulted in 18.5 additional pregnancy losses for each case of @entity3252 avoided. If infected pregnancies underwent termination, universal screening resulted in 12.1 additional pregnancy losses for each case avoided. CONCLUSION: Maternal screening reduces the number of cases of disease, but at a substantial clinical cost. The rarity of the disease and limitations in diagnosis and therapy limit the effectiveness of screening strategies. The risks associated with amniocentesis are particularly important. Universal maternal screening for @entity3251 should not be performed.

title: Prenatal screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal infection']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: The objective of present project was to improve the dissolution profile of @entity23375 by developing floating alginate beads using various biodegradable polymers like gelatin, pectin and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). The floating beads were prepared by a simple ionotropic gelatin method using @entity4959 as gas generating agent. The developed beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). The prepared beads showed good in vitro floatation, which was dependent on the concentration of gas-forming agent. @entity4653 photomicrographs confirmed that the developed beads were spherical in shape and had particle size in the range of 730 to 890  m. The incorporation efficiency was found to be in the range of 59.96 to 85.1%. The cumulative percent drug release from the beads after 10 h dissolution study at pH 1.2 and pH 5.8 was in the range of 33 to 46% and 82 to 95% respectively. The concentration of the gas generating agent was found to influence the release rate. The mechanism of drug release was Fickian diffusion with swelling. The in vivo sub-acute hypoglycemic study in high fat diet induced @entity6 C57BL/6J @entity19 demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) hypoglycemic effect over a period of 12 h and 24 h, respectively, with HPMC and pectin beads. A significant (p _ 0.05) reduction in fasting and non-fasting blood @entity413 levels, reduction in fasting plasma insulin level and a significant improvement in @entity413 tolerance were observed in animals treated with formulations. The developed beads were suitable carriers for improving the systemic absorption of @entity23375 and maintaining reduced blood @entity413 levels.

title: Development of novel gastroretentive floating particulate drug delivery system of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity23375 :: ('MESH:D005907', 'Chemical') :: ['gliclazide']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity23375 :: (MESH:D005907,Chemical) :: ['gliclazide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Temporal trends in @entity64 incidence in Denmark have not been previously reported. The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective study based on a randomly selected sample of an urban population of, initially, 19,698 @entity1 followed since 1976. Over a period of 12 years, we studied three important aspects of @entity64 incidence in 848 identified cases: temporal trends, @entity734 on age and sex, and comparison of responders and nonresponders. METHODS: The @entity1 were invited to two health examinations at 5-year intervals. The @entity1 who attended at least one of the two examinations are termed responders and those who attended none nonresponders. The cases of first-ever @entity64 were collected from responders, the National @entity1 Register, and the National Register of Deaths and were verified by study of hospital records and death certificates. RESULTS: For responders aged 35-64 years and greater than or equal to 65 years, there were no significant changes in the weighted rates in four consecutive 3-year periods. There was a tendency toward decreasing rates among younger @entity1 , but not in older @entity1 or @entity1 . The age- and sex-adjusted rates @entity307 ,000 (based on the Danish population in 1982) in responders in the entire 12-year follow-up period were 1.61 in @entity1 , 2.67 in @entity1 , and 2.14 in both sexes combined. @entity64 incidence rates increased exponentially with age in both sexes, with rates in @entity1 generally twice those in @entity1 , even in the greater than or equal to 75 years of age group. Age-adjusted rates were higher in nonresponders than in responders. For @entity1 , this ratio was 1.7; for @entity1 , 1.1. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity64 incidence in Copenhagen is relatively high and has shown no decreasing tendency over the period 1976-1988.

title: XXXX incidence in Copenhagen, 1976-1988.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity121 is inevitable during surgical exposure of the spine and is quantified by the release of @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK). No studies have been conducted on different spinal approaches and nonspinal surgery with regard to @entity121 . The present prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the results of postoperative serum CPK as an indicator of @entity121 in relation to various spinal and nonspinal procedures. METHODS: The authors analyzed data in 322 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone 257 spinal and 65 nonspinal procedures. Primary procedures were performed in 264 @entity1 and revision surgeries in 58. Spinal procedures were subdivided according to the degree of surgical invasiveness as follows: minimally invasive (microendoscopic lumbar discectomy, unilateral transflaval discectomy, and minithoracotomy), average invasiveness (bilateral lumbar discectomy, laminectomy, and anterior cervical discectomy), and extensive surgery (instrumented single or multilevel spondylodesis of the entire spinal column). Spinal localization, number of spinal levels involved, surgical approach, duration of surgery, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. @entity908 phosphokinase was measured before surgery and 1 day after surgery, and the CPK ratio (that is, the difference within one @entity1 ) was used as the outcome measure. RESULTS: There was a significant dose-response relationship between the CPK ratio and the degree of surgical invasiveness; extensively invasive surgery had the highest CPK ratio and minimally invasive surgery had the lowest. Thoracolumbar surgery had a significantly higher CPK ratio compared with those for cervical and nonspinal surgery. There was a slightly negative relationship between the number of spinal segments involved and the CPK ratio. The CPK ratio in revision surgery was significantly higher than in primary surgery. Posterior surgical approaches had a higher CPK ratio, and the ratios for unilateral compared with bilateral approaches were not significantly different. The duration of surgery and preoperative serum level of CPK significantly influenced postoperative CPK. There was also a significant association between CPK ratio and nonspinal surgery. Age, sex, and BMI were not significant factors. CONCLUSIONS: Data in this study have shown a dose-response relationship between CPK and the extent of surgical invasiveness. Thoracolumbar surgery, posterior approaches, duration of surgery, revision surgery, and preoperative value of CPK were significant influencing factors for the CPK ratio. The clinical significance of the results in the present study is not known.

title: Serum XXXX phosphokinase as an indicator of @entity121 after various spinal and nonspinal surgical procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine', 'Creatine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injury', 'Muscle injury']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: There have been many efforts to recover neuronal function from @entity1566 , but there are some limitations in the treatment of @entity1566 . The neural stem cell has been noted for its pluripotency to differentiate into various neural cell types. The @entity1 umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBs) are more pluripotent and genetically flexible than bone marrow neural stem cells. The HUCBs could be more frequently used for @entity1566 treatment in the future. Moderate degree spinal cord injured @entity35 were classified into 3 subgroups, group A: media was injected into the @entity1566 site, group B: HUCBs were transplanted into the @entity1566 site, and group C: HUCBs with @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) were transplanted into the @entity1566 site. We checked the BBB scores to evaluate the functional recovery in each group at 8 weeks after transplantation. We then, finally checked the neural cell differentiation with double immunofluorescence staining, and we also analyzed the axonal regeneration with retrograde labelling of brain stem neurons by using fluorogold. The HUCBs transplanted group improved, more than the control group at every week after transplantation, and also, the @entity2136 enabled an improvement of the BBB locomotion scores since the 1 week after its application (P<0.05). 8 weeks after transplantation, the HUCBs with @entity2136 transplanted group had more greatly improved BBB scores, than the other groups (P<0.001). The transplanted HUCBs were differentiated into various neural cells, which were confirmed by double immunofluorescence staining of @entity1603 and @entity40 _ @entity19744 staining. The HUCBs and @entity2136 each have individual positive effects on axonal regeneration. The HUCBs can differentiate into neural cells and induce motor function improvement in the cord injured @entity35 models. Especially, the @entity2136 has effectiveness for neurological function improvement due to axonal regeneration in the early @entity1566 stage. Thus the HUCBs and @entity2136 have recovery effects of a moderate degree for cord injured @entity35 .

title: Functional recovery after @entity1 umbilical cord blood cells transplantation with XXXX into the spinal cord injured @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'Brain-derived neutrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury', 'cord injury']

answer: @entity2136 :: (24225(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['brain-derived neutrophic factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Newer generations and formulations of inhaled @entity288 have necessitated the development of a clinically relevant model to compare their clinical potency. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated whether sputum eosinophil counts could demonstrate a dose-response to inhaled @entity288 , and compared the response with other inflammatory markers. METHODS: Fourteen steroid-naive @entity1 with @entity565 with an initial sputum eosinophilia of > or = 2.5% entered a 6-week sequential, placebo-controlled, @entity1 -blinded, cumulative dose-response study. After 7 days of placebo, they received incremental doses of @entity5023 (FP), 50, 100, 200, and 400 microg/d, each for 7 days. Measurements were made of sputum and blood eosinophils, exhaled @entity842 , spirometry, airway responsiveness to @entity2710 ( @entity2710 PC20), and symptom scores before and after each dose. RESULTS: Sputum eosinophils and exhaled @entity842 were extremely sensitive to the effects of FP, and exhibited significant dose-dependent reductions of 99.4% and 99.8 parts per billion, respectively, where each variable was expressed per 100 microg/d FP. This compared with a 0.5 doubling dose increase of airway responsiveness to @entity2710 and a 0.3 decrease in symptom scores. Airway responsiveness to @entity2710 was the only variable that increased throughout the study. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the model of @entity1712 could be used to compare the effect of cumulative doses of an inhaled @entity228 delivered by different types of delivery systems or preparations using a relatively small number of @entity1 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Future clinical studies based on this model will allow clinicians to make informed decisions regarding the relative potencies of different inhaled @entity288 .

title: @entity1712 in @entity565 : a model for establishing dose-response and relative potency of inhaled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the practices, adjuvant treatment, and outcomes of @entity1 with preoperatively assessed grade 1 endometrioid @entity1204 between two academic gynecologic oncology centers that use different treatment strategies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed at Duke University Medical Center (Duke) and the Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center (Sunnybrook) between 1991 and 2007. @entity1 at Duke generally underwent surgical staging unless intraoperative assessment identified a negligible risk of @entity66 . @entity1 at Sunnybrook generally did not undergo surgical staging. RESULTS: A total of 494 @entity1 (272 from Duke and 222 from Sunnybrook were identified with preoperative, central-review-confirming, grade 1, endometrioid, @entity1204 . Groups were similar in grade, final histology, type of hysterectomy, and length of hospital stay. @entity1 from Sunnybrook were older (aged 62 years compared with 59 years, P=.001) and were more likely to have capillary lymphatic space involvement (18.2% compared with 8.3%, P=.003) and cervical involvement (12.2% compared with 3.7%, P<.001). Approximately 2% of cases were upgraded to high grade on final specimen. Lymphadenectomy was performed on 49.4% of @entity1 at Duke compared with 11.7% of @entity1 at Sunnybrook. Overall 3-year survival was 96% at Duke and 96% at Sunnybrook (P=.217). Three-year recurrence-free survival was 96% at Duke and 95% at Sunnybrook (P=.327). CONCLUSION: Despite differences in practice and slight differences in @entity1 populations, the recurrence-free and overall survival of @entity1 with preoperative centrally reviewed grade 1 @entity1204 is excellent and without statistically significant difference between the two centers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III

title: Evaluation of two management strategies for preoperative grade 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: The combination of radiotherapy and @entity3003 is associated with high response rates among @entity1 who have cervical @entity5 . To improve control rates for @entity1 who have locally advanced @entity2622 , oncologists have explored combinations of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. @entity3003 is an analogue of @entity900 , with similar efficacy against @entity5 and a @entity137 profile that is theoretically appealing for this group of @entity1 because it is not nephrotoxic. Fifteen @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages @entity3847 through IIIB or recurrent @entity189 were treated with megavoltage irradiation and weekly intravenous @entity3003 (7 @entity1 , 60 mg/m2; 8 @entity1 , 90 mg/m2). Response was documented among all @entity1 treated at 60 mg/m2 (three complete responses, four partial responses) and in 6 @entity1 treated with 90 mg/m2 (four complete responses, two partial responses). The two nonresponders in the series presented with recurrent @entity41435 . All @entity1 completed the planned course of therapy without the need for treatment interruption. At 60 mg/m2, one dose of @entity3003 was withheld because of grade 2 @entity882 . At 90 mg/m2, one case of grade 2 @entity1431 was documented. The leukocyte counts remained within normal limits for all 3 @entity1 who were irradiated through extended portals that encompassed the paraaortic nodes (2 @entity1 , 60 mg/m2; 1 @entity1 , 90 mg/m2). To date, 2 of 7 @entity1 treated at the lower dose level have died of disease (one local progression and distant failure at 11 months, one distant failure alone at 6 months). The remaining @entity1 treated at 60 mg/m2 are alive at a median of 24 months (range, 21-37 months). Among those treated at the higher dose level, 1 @entity1 is alive with local and distant failure at 14 months, and 1 @entity1 succumbed to local and distant disease at 4 months. The remainder are alive at a median follow-up of 6 months (range, 2-10 months). The regimen was unsuccessful in salvaging @entity1 with recurrent @entity1358 . We conclude that the combination of radiotherapy and @entity3003 can be safely delivered at both of the chemotherapy schedules studied. The regimen should not be offered to @entity1 who have recurrent @entity5 . To prove the efficacy of this approach, phase III testing should be considered that compares the combination of agents to irradiation alone.

title: Concomitant irradiation and dose-escalating XXXX for locally advanced @entity2622 : an updated report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity41435 :: ('MESH:C536823', 'Disease') :: ['glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervix cancer', 'cancer', 'glassy cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['glassy cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemoimmunotherapy is being evaluated in the most common @entity1820 , but little data are available on @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Considering the encouraging objective response rates and the absence of important side effects obtained with @entity2664 in @entity157 , we tested the activity and feasibility of a schedule combining beta-interferon (beta-IFN) and @entity2664 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 (ECOG Performance Status 0-1) with unresectable @entity157 received @entity2664 (12 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks) plus beta-IFN (3 x 10(6) U on days 1, 2, and 3; 6 x 10(6) from day 4 to day 60; and then 6 x 10(6) U three times a week for 10 months). RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 with a median of four administered cycles (range, 2-10 cycles). Nine @entity1 achieved a partial response (23%) (95% confidence interval, 11-40%) with a median duration of response of 4 months. In 15 cases, the disease was stable for at least 2 months; 14 @entity1 had disease progression. The median survival time of the group as a whole was 8 months. @entity1 who were @entity160 positive had a median survival time of 7 months; those who were @entity160 negative had a median survival time of 9 months. The most common side effects were hematologic (World Health Organization Grade 3, 15 @entity1 ; Grade 4, 3 @entity1 ). Mild or moderate @entity683 was present in 50% of treated @entity1 , whereas 10 @entity1 experienced mild or moderate @entity390 . CONCLUSIONS: The schedule was active on advanced @entity5 with high @entity160 values, and side effects were manageable. However, the addition of beta-IFN did not seem to improve significantly the response rate in @entity157 .

title: A phase II study of @entity2664 combined with beta-interferon in unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['flu-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity943 complicating @entity1030 , when refractory to the correction of @entity520 and @entity519 , may lead to a poor prognosis. @entity2683 efficacy was assessed in 14 @entity1 (pts.) with @entity1030 and @entity1540 ; they entered a cross-over trial consisting of 7-day therapy with oral placebo and @entity2683 (200 mg q.i.d.). The hourly means of @entity1540 , their hourly peaks and the severity scores of @entity943 were compared. The analysis of linear regression showed a slight spontaneous variability of @entity1540 in the study group. Unexpectedly, the highly homogeneous data raised the question if this method of evaluation for anti-arrhythmic therapy reaches a satisfactory conclusion. Nevertheless, treatment with @entity2683 significantly reduced the @entity1540 count and their hourly peak (p less than 0.001) as well as their severity score (p less than 0.001). Analysis of linear regression and confidence intervals confirmed the efficacy of the drug. According to the statistical method used, antiarrhythmic therapy with @entity2683 generally achieved its purpose in pts. with @entity1030 .

title: XXXX for the treatment of @entity943 associated with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['Mexiletine', 'mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2683 :: (MESH:D008801,Chemical) :: ['Mexiletine']


abstract: Angiography is not always an accurate indicator of physiologically significant @entity850 . We examined the usefulness of functional evaluation of @entity3979 severity by determining the fractional flow reserve (FFR) using a pressure wire in @entity1 who received hemodialysis with angiographically intermediate lesions. We recruited 44 @entity1 with intermediate lesions; of these, 22 were undergoing hemodialysis while 22 were not. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed to measure the @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) and calculate the percent diameter @entity850 (%DS). The FFR was calculated as the ratio of the coronary pressure at the distal stenotic site to the mean aortic pressure during maximum @entity450 . In each group, we investigated the relationship between the FFR and %DS and FFR and @entity5562 . The @entity1 in the hemodialysis group were significantly younger and had more calcified and type B2/C lesions than those in the non-dialysis group. Although the FFR was correlated with both %DS (r  =  0.71, p  <  0.01) and @entity5562 (r  =  0.58, p  <  0.01) in the non-dialysis group, the FFR was not correlated with either @entity5562 or %DS in the hemodialysis group. In the hemodialysis group, there was a discordance between the QCA- and FFR-based assessments of the severity of @entity3979 . In @entity1 receiving hemodialysis, both anatomical and functional assessments should be conducted to determine the physiological significance of the @entity850 accurately.

title: Importance of measuring the fractional flow reserve in XXXX receiving hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['minimal lumen diameter', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity11141 and @entity117 are drugs used as anti-inflammatory agents. @entity2697 prevents nuclear factor-kappa B activation and can cause apoptosis. However, @entity2697 , a substrate of @entity11920 , is also an antioxidant and can scavenge reactive @entity26 species. Experiments were carried out to evaluate whether @entity2697 can modulate @entity11920 -dependent @entity137 . Addition of a @entity5204 such as @entity1426 (AA) to HepG2 cells resulted in loss of cell viability, especially in cells expressing @entity11920 (E47 cells). @entity137 was enhanced by the addition of 1 to 10 mM @entity2697 to the E47 cells but not to control HepG2 cells or HepG2 cells expressing CYP3A4. @entity2697 alone was not toxic, and the enhanced @entity137 by AA in the presence of @entity2697 was prevented by @entity12971 , a @entity11920 inhibitor, and by the antioxidant @entity22143 . @entity2697 potentiated AA-induced lipid peroxidation in the E47 cells, a reaction blocked by @entity12971 . @entity11920 levels were elevated by @entity2697 at concentrations (<5 mM), which did not increase @entity11920 mRNA levels. This increase was associated with a decrease of @entity11920 turnover by @entity2697 in the presence of @entity1880 . @entity2697 also potentiated @entity137 in hepatocytes isolated from @entity12905 treated @entity35 with high levels of @entity11920 and from saline controls. In view of the potential role of @entity11920 in contributing to @entity167 -induced oxidative stress and @entity99 , the potentiation of @entity11920 -dependent @entity137 and the elevation of @entity11920 levels by @entity2697 may be of clinical significance and merit caution in the use of @entity2697 and @entity2697 precursors such as @entity117 with certain other drugs.

title: @entity11141 increases XXXX levels and enhances @entity1426 @entity137 in HepG2 cells and cultured @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'AA toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate', 'Salicylate']

entities_list: @entity12971 :: ('MESH:C038491', 'Chemical') :: ['diallyl sulfide']

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity22143 :: ('MESH:C010643', 'Chemical') :: ['(+/-)6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity11920 :: (25086(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CYP2E1']


abstract: Development of the high-density DNA microarray technique permits the analysis of thousands of genes simultaneously for their differential expression patterns in various biological processes. Through clustering analysis and pattern recognition, the significance of differentially expressed genes can be recognized and correlated with biological events that may take place inside the cell and tissue. With this notion in mind, high-density DNA microarray nylon membrane with colorimetry detection was used to profile the expression of smoke- and @entity273 -inducible genes in a @entity1 bronchial epithelial cell line, @entity6618 . On the basis of the time course of expression, at least three phases of change in gene expression could be recognized. The first phase is an immediate event in response to oxidant injury. This phase includes induction of the @entity588 and @entity7465 genes, which are involved in the regulation of apoptosis, and the @entity14520 ( @entity14520 ) gene, that functions as a regulator of various mitogen-activated protein kinase activities. The second phase, usually 5 h later, includes the induction of various stress proteins and ubiquitin, which are important in providing the chaperone mechanism and the turnover of damaged macromolecules. The third phase, which is 5-10 h later, includes the induction of genes that are apparently involved in reducing oxidative stress by metabolizing reactive @entity26 species. In this phase, enzymes associated with tissue and cell remodeling are also elevated. These results demonstrate a complex gene expression array by bronchial epithelial cells in response to the insult of oxidants that are relevant to environmental pollutants.

title: Development of high-density DNA microarray membrane for profiling smoke- and XXXX -induced genes in a @entity1 bronchial epithelial cell line.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity14520 :: ('1843', 'Gene') :: ['mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase 1', 'MKP-1']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Slippage of the stomach is the most common @entity260 after laparoscopic adjustable @entity1346 gastric banding (LASGB) for morbid @entity28 . Retrogastric placement (RGP) of the band through the lesser sac can cause posterior slippage Incomplete suturing often is responsible for anterior slippage. A randomized prospective study was constructed to determine whether laparoscopic esophagogastric placement (EGP) is associated with a lower incidence of @entity86 and pouch dilation than RGP. METHODS: Morbid @entity28 @entity1 presenting for LASGB were randomized to undergo either an EGP (n = 50) or an RGP (n = 51). @entity1 were blinded to which procedure they underwent, and follow-up date were obtained by a blinded independent investigator. Standardized clinical and radiologic controls were used to assess pouch enlargement and slippage. RESULTS: Operating time was similar for the two procedures (54.5 min for EGP vs 58 min for RGP). There was no significant difference in postoperative @entity353 (34 kg after EGP vs 37 kg after RGP within 12 months), esophagus dilation, or postoperative quality of life. There were two postoperative slippages and one pouch dilation in the RGP group and no @entity260 in the EGP group. CONCLUSIONS: The placement of a LAP-BAND adjustable gastric banding system by the EGP technique is safe and results in a lower frequency of @entity260 than its placement by the RGP technique. Clear anatomic landmarks are a benefit to education and to the learning curve for LASGB.

title: A prospective randomized trial of different laparoscopic gastric banding techniques for morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative slippage']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity2404 (TXA2) is a potent constrictor of both airway and vascular smooth muscle. In addition, plasma exudation is induced in the airways by a @entity2871 mimetic ( @entity2872 ). Because plasma exudation is associated with a local vasodilatation and increased local blood flow, we hypothesized that the general vasoconstrictor effect of @entity2872 would be weaker in the airways than in other vascular beds, perhaps resulting in increased local airway blood flow. We studied the effects of i.v. @entity2872 on blood pressure, lung resistance as well as blood flow, plasma exudation in airways and leg skeletal muscle in @entity840 . We found (1) i.v. @entity2872 increases the systemic blood pressure, blood flow in tracheal mucosa but decreases blood flow in leg skeletal muscle; (2) i.v. @entity2872 induces plasma exudation in the airways, but not in the leg skeletal muscle; (3) a positive relationship between blood pressure and tracheal blood flow as well as airway plasma exudation, a negative relationship between blood pressure and blood flow in leg skeletal muscle; (4) i.v. @entity2872 significantly increases lung resistance. We conclude that i.v. @entity2872 induces plasma exudation in airways but not in skeletal muscle, and that this plasma exudation is associated with the increased local blood flow, which in turn is caused by increased inflow pressure and redistribution of the total body blood flow to the airways.

title: Different effects of a XXXX mimetic on blood flow and plasma exudation in @entity840 airways and skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['Thromboxane A2']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 is a major cause of @entity204 after kidney transplantation; thus, cardiovascular protection is a major concern in transplant recipients. Data about cardiac characteristics from animal models after kidney transplantation are lacking. Therefore, we investigated cardiac structure and function in a model of @entity8638 . METHODS: Kidneys from Fisher 344 @entity35 were orthotopically transplanted into Lewis @entity35 . Eight recipient @entity35 were treated with placebo or an angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker (AT1RB; @entity1564 cilexitil, 5 mg/kg/d) for 24 weeks posttransplantation, and 8 untreated matched Lewis @entity35 were used as healthy controls. Echocardiography was performed at 24 weeks posttransplantation to measure ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and left ventricular mass, in triplicate. @entity644 at 24 hours was determined, and after harvesting, the heart weight-body weight ratio (HW/BW) was measured. RESULTS: At 24 weeks posttransplantation, renal transplant-recipient @entity35 demonstrated a significantly decreased ejection fraction (mean [SD], 58.9% [3.2%] vs 70.7% [2.1%]) and fractional shortening (29.8% [2.0%] vs 38.3% [2.0%]) and increased HW/BW and left ventricular mass (7.7 [0.2] cm(3) vs 6.7 [0.2] cm(3)) compared with healthy control @entity35 . The HW/BW and left ventricular mass were significantly ameliorated by AT1RB compared with placebo-treated transplant-recipient @entity35 (6.8 [0.2] cm(3) vs 7.7 [0.2] cm(3)). In addition, decreased @entity644 was evident after AT1RB. CONCLUSION: The Fisher-Lewis @entity35 kidney transplantation model resulted in @entity1283 and @entity712 . AT1RB normalized @entity1283 without improving function. These findings demonstrate that the Fisher-Lewis @entity35 renal transplantation model can be used to investigate transplantation-induced @entity296 .

title: Fisher-Lewis kidney transplantation model as a tool for investigation of transplantation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['decreased cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allograft injury']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Deletions in chromosome (chr.) 13q occur frequently in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Previous studies failed to identify common deleted regions in chr.13q, though several candidate @entity5 ( @entity5 ) loci, e.g. @entity2674 , @entity996 and @entity55865 have been localized in this chromosome, as well as no prognostic significance of the deletion has been reported. Thus, in the present study, deletion mapping of chr. 13q has been done in 55 primary @entity213 samples of Indian @entity1 using 11 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers of which three were intragenic to @entity2674 gene, one intragenic to @entity996 gene and another from @entity55865 locus. The deletion in chr.13q was significantly associated with progression of @entity213 . High frequencies (27-39%) of loss of heterozygosity were found in 13q13.1 ( @entity2674 ), 13q14.2 ( @entity996 ), 13q21.2-22.1 ( @entity55865 ) and 13q31.1 regions. Deletions in the @entity2674 and @entity996 regions were significantly correlated. The four highly deleted regions were associated with clinical stage and histological grades of the @entity5 as well as poor @entity1 outcome. Deletion in the 13q31.1 region was only found to be associated with @entity281 . High frequencies (11-23%) of microsatellite size alteration (MA) were seen to overlap with the highly deleted regions. Forty per cent of the samples showed rare biallelic alteration whereas loss of normal copy of chromosome 13q was seen in five @entity5 . Thus, it seems that the putative @entity5 located in the @entity55865 and 13q31.1 regions as well as the @entity2674 and @entity996 genes may have some cumulative effect in progression and poor prognosis of @entity213 . Significant association between deletion in @entity2674 and @entity996 gene loci may indicate functional relationship between the genes in this @entity5 progression.

title: Deletion mapping of chromosome 13q in @entity213 in Indian XXXX : correlation with prognosis of the @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TSGs', 'tumour suppressor genes', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite growing @entity645 and @entity5 prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa, and WHO advocacy for a public health approach to palliative care provision, opioid availability is severely limited. Uganda has achieved a @entity1286 roll-out programme in partnership with the Ministry of Health. This study aimed to evaluate that programme by identifying challenges to implementation that may inform replication. METHODS: A multi-methods protocol appraised @entity1286 regulation, storage, prescribing, and consumption in three phases: key informant interviews throughout the opioid supply chain, and direct observation and audit of clinical practice. RESULTS: Regulation had achieved its goal of preventing misuse and leakage from the supply chain. However, the Government felt that relaxation of regulation was now appropriate. @entity911 and complexity in storage and authorization rules led to discontinuation of @entity158 management at the @entity1 level and also wasted service time in trying to obtain supplies to which they were entitled. Continued neglect to prescribe among clinicians and public fear of opioids led to under prescribing, and clinical skills showed some evidence of need for improvement with respect to physical assessment and follow-up. CONCLUSION: The Ugandan programme offers a successful model for both advocacy and Governmental support in achieving opioid roll-out across health districts. Despite initial concerns, abuse of opioids has not been evident. Further work is required to ensure that available supplies of opioids are prescribed to those in need, and that clinical standards are met. However, the programme for roll-out has proved a useful model to expand opioid availability as the first step in improving @entity1 care, and may prove a useful template for other Sub-Saharan African countries.

title: An evaluation of a XXXX public health programme for @entity5 and @entity158 relief in Sub-Saharan Africa.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['Confusion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['opioid pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: @entity18819 belongs to a family of double-stranded DNA viruses that share common morphogenetic features like DNA packaging into a procapsid precursor and maturation. Maturation involves cooperative expansion of the procapsid shell with concomitant lattice stabilization. The expansion is thought to be mediated by movement of two coat protein domains around a hinge. The metastable conformation of subunit within the procapsid lattice is considered to constitute a late folding intermediate. In order to understand the mechanism of expansion it is necessary to characterize the interactions stabilizing procapsid and mature capsid lattices, respectively. We employ pressure dissociation to compare subunit packing within the procapsid and expanded lattice. Procapsid shells contain larger cavities than the expanded shells, presumably due to polypeptide packing defects. These defects contribute to the metastable nature of the procapsid lattice and are cured during expansion. Improved packing contributes to the increased stability of the expanded shell. Comparison of two temperature-sensitive folding (tsf) mutants of coat protein ( @entity51999 and @entity18991 ) with wild-type coat revealed that both mutations markedly destabilized the procapsid shell and yet had little effect on relative stability of the monomeric subunit. Thus, the regions affected by these packing defects constitute subunit interfaces of the procapsid shell. The larger activation volume of pressure dissociation observed for both @entity51999 and @entity18991 indicates that the decreased stability of these particles is due to increase of cavity defects. These defects in the procapsid lattice are cured upon expansion suggesting that the intersubunit contacts affected by tsf mutations are absent or rearranged in the mature shell. The energetics of the in vitro expansion reaction also suggests that entropic stabilization contributes to the large free energy barrier for expansion.

title: Cavity defects in the procapsid of XXXX and the mechanism of capsid maturation.

entities_list: @entity18991 :: ('p|SUB|W|48|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['W48Q']

answer: @entity18819 :: (10754,Species) :: ['bacteriophage P22']


abstract: This survey evaluates benefits and costs from a policy of employing surgical treatment in selected cases of @entity5845 . Between 1968 and 1978, we used end-to-side jejunoileal bypass. Despite many satisfied @entity1 , complications were frequent and severe. For the next decade, we employed various types of gastric surgery. We eventually assessed a gastric balloon, but without success. Median duration of follow-up was 132 months in 145 @entity1 with jejunoileostomy, 103 months in seven gastric bypass @entity1 , and 36 months in 108 gastroplasty @entity1 . Three @entity1 were lost to follow-up. There have been four deaths after intestinal shunt and one after gastroplasty. The median re-admission rate was 1.6 per @entity1 , while the median number of re-operations was 2.0 after intestinal shunt and 0.8 after gastric interventions. The median weight loss in our 260 @entity1 was 32.1% of the preoperative weight. Outcome was good in 38.8%, acceptable in 40.4% and poor in 11.5% while there were 9.2% failures. Truly satisfactory outcomes, however, were rare, owing possibly to a negative relationship between @entity353 . Only 8.8% have obtained a stable normal weight without any side-effects.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX . A survey of overall outcome 1968-1989.

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss and complications']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: Abdominoplasty is a frequent operative procedure among @entity1 with massive @entity353 following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) surgery. After abdominoplasty, @entity1 are carefully monitored and usually discharged from the clinic after overnight hospitalization. We report a case of acute esophageal dilation after abdominoplasty, following LAGB, mimicking a serious @entity358 . Three hours after a complete uneventful abdominoplasty, including reinforcement of the abdominal wall and removal of apron skin, a 39-year-old female @entity1 developed cough and signs of @entity649 . These symptoms were successfully treated by @entity3045 ( @entity3045 ) inhalation. During the first night the @entity1 required additional inhalation and was discharged from the hospital in good and stable condition. Three hours later she noticed @entity649 and @entity221 and was referred to the emergency room (ER). In the ER, a @entity1151 was suspected and the @entity1 underwent CT angiography. On examination, acute severe esophageal dilation with fluid level was found. The esophageal diameter was 47  mm and the esophagus was compressing the mediastinum and @entity825 . The acute esophageal dilation was resolved after the gastric band was released by evacuation of saline solution from the subcutaneous port. The above-mentioned symptoms quickly disappeared during the next 2  h and the @entity1 was discharged from the ER. We suggest complete gastric band release as a standard component of a bariatric surgery @entity1 's preparation for abdominoplasty surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

title: Acute esophageal dilation mimicking serious XXXX after post-bariatric abdominoplasty.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'ventolin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complication']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary complication']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Forty percent of @entity1 with @entity14 develop mutations in the @entity984 gene. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate whether the presence of @entity984 gene mutations is a useful @entity5 -response marker in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty seven @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 were treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Four to six weeks later, surgery was performed. Specimens were classified according to the UICC-AJC classification. @entity5 was obtained to analyze specific @entity984 gene mutations. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP) techniques were used with a set of probes to detect specific @entity984 mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61. The 37 @entity1 were divided into Group A (with mutations) and Group B (without mutations). RESULTS: All 37 @entity1 completed the scheduled treatment. Group A consisted of 12 @entity1 , whose @entity5 were classified and specific @entity984 mutations were located as follows: eight in codon 12, two in codon 13, and one in codon 61. Group B consisted of 25 @entity1 . The @entity5 were classified and there were more early-stage @entity5 in Group A, whereas in Group B there were more advanced-stage @entity5 (P = .05, respectively). The mean follow-up was 36.2+/-18.3 months. All Group A @entity1 survived, whereas 8 of the 25 @entity1 in Group B died due to progressive @entity3 . Survival in Group A was 100%, whereas in Group B it was 59% (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of specific @entity984 mutations is an indicator of @entity5 response in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Therefore, responding @entity1 may be more amenable to less radical surgical procedures based on @entity984 mutations.

title: Specific @entity984 gene mutations as a XXXX -response marker in locally advanced @entity5 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A segment of the tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A multicentre phase 2 trial (single-stage design) was undertaken to test the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity3003 (AUC 6 according to Calvert) plus @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2)3-h infusion) every 4 weeks in the first line treatment of @entity1 affected by extensive @entity151 . The primary end-point of the trial was the objective response rate. 31 objective responses among 50 @entity1 were considered necessary to proceed to a phase 3 trial. 48 @entity1 were enrolled (median age 59 years). Treatment was very well tolerated. 3 @entity1 (6.2%) had a complete response and 23 (47.9%) a partial response, for an overall response rate of 54.2% (95% CI: 39.2-68.6). Median time to progression was 5.7 months (95% CI: 5.2-6.2). Median survival was 9.6 months (95% CI: 7.2-14.6), with a median follow-up time of alive @entity1 of 12 months. At 1 year, the probability of being progression-free or alive was 0.16 and 0.43, respectively. In conclusion, @entity3003 plus @entity1311 as given in the present study is very well tolerated but not sufficiently active to warrant phase 3 comparison with standard chemotherapy regimens.

title: @entity3003 plus @entity1311 in extensive XXXX : a multicentre phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The polysaccharide capsule of @entity1327 is a powerful activator of the complement system. The goal of the present study was to assess serum and cellular variables that influence the sites for C3 binding within the capsular matrix. Confocal microscopy using fluorophore-labeled polyclonal anti-C3 and anticapsular monoclonal antibodies and rosetting of fluorescent microspheres coated with anti-C3 were used to identify sites of C3 binding relative to the capsular edge. The results showed that the source of serum was a major variable influencing localization of C3. C3 bound at or very near the capsular edge in the case of human serum. C3 deposition was further from the capsule edge with @entity840 and @entity35 sera; in the case of mouse serum, there was no binding of C3 in the outer region of the capsule. Addition of @entity1 C3 to mouse serum led to deposition of the C3 at the capsular edge, indicating that distinct properties of @entity19 and @entity1 C3 account for the differential localization of C3. Finally, the density of the capsular matrix was an important variable in determining sites for C3 deposition. @entity375 cells with a high concentration of polysaccharide near the capsule edge supported deposition of @entity19 C3 at or near the capsular edge, whereas cells with a low matrix density showed deposition well beneath the edge. Taken together, these results indicate that the spatial deposition of C3 within the capsular matrix is a complex process that is influenced by the serum source and the density of the capsular matrix.

title: Differential localization of complement component 3 within the capsular matrix of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

answer: @entity1327 :: (5207,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']


abstract: There is a growing body of evidence that @entity913 may be treated effectively by either pharmacologic or cognitive-behavioral interventions. but few studies have examined the relative benefits of these treatments. In this study, we examined the relative efficacy of pharmacotherapy with @entity2053 and cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) for treating @entity913 . In addition, we examined potential predictors of differential treatment response. Outpatients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (3rd ed., revised) criteria for @entity913 were randomly assigned to treatment. Clinician-rated and @entity1 -rated symptom severity was examined at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. All clinician-rated assessments were completed by individuals blind to treatment condition. @entity1 in both conditions improved significantly, and differences between treatment conditions were absent, except for greater improvement on @entity2053 on several measures at the 12-week assessment. Symptom severity was negatively associated with treatment success for both methods of treatment, and additional predictors-sex, comorbidity with other @entity1316 , fear of @entity148 , and dysfunctional attitudes-failed to predict treatment outcome above and beyond severity measures. In summary, we found that @entity1 randomized to clinical care with @entity2053 or CBGT were equally likely to respond to acute treatment, and pretreatment measures of symptom severity provided no guidance for the selection of one treatment over another.

title: A comparison of the efficacy of XXXX and cognitive-behavioral group therapy for the treatment of @entity913 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety or mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity2053 :: (MESH:D002998,Chemical) :: ['clonazepam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It was examined whether unstimulated salivary @entity701 levels as a psychobiological marker of stress reactivity correspond to psychological assessments of @entity158 perception, @entity308 mood, and @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity344 ( @entity344 ). METHODS: A total of 30 @entity1 was diagnosed according to the Rome diagnostic criteria for @entity1744 , @entity2210 , or both conditions. Psychometric data were assessed by questionnaires, and salivary samples were collected for the measurement of @entity701 levels after awakening and during the day. @entity1 were grouped by their awakening @entity701 levels into low (G1), medium (G2), and high @entity701 group (G3). RESULTS: Psychiatric comorbidity did not differ between the groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant group differences with respect to @entity158 perception and @entity308 mood, with the @entity158 in G1 and the highest @entity308 in G3. CONCLUSION: The reported results are in line with prior research on @entity774 in @entity1 suffering from @entity2531 on the one hand (low @entity701 levels) and high @entity701 levels in @entity308 on the other. It is remarkable that our sample of @entity1 of whom all received the same diagnosis, i.e., @entity344 , can be subdivided according to functional @entity344 , which correspond to the two types of @entity701 alterations. The data provide evidence for psychobiological subgroups in @entity344 @entity1 . As a consequence, the predominant symptoms reported by @entity1 with @entity344 should carefully be taken into account to specify (psychotherapeutic) treatment.

title: High and low unstimulated salivary @entity701 levels correspond to different symptoms of functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms', 'FGD', 'functional gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'highest pain']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['nonulcer dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorders']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']


abstract: CONTEXT: Mutations of the @entity817 ( @entity817 ) have been detected in @entity75 and @entity1377 of the thyroid, and identification of these mutations could be useful in resolving some diagnostic problems. OBJECTIVE: To develop a method to evaluate mutations of @entity817 that could provide results much more rapidly than conventional polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing assays. DESIGN: An assay using a LightCycler was developed to evaluate DNA sequences encoding @entity1522 within the activation loop of @entity817 . RESULTS: Using this real-time polymerase chain reaction method, we analyzed 55 @entity982 -embedded @entity320 or nevus samples. The @entity8554 mutation was found in 0 (0%) of 13 samples diagnosed histologically as Spitz nevi, 9 (24.3%) of 37 invasive @entity320 , and 5 (100%) of 5 other @entity8205 . Two additional mutations, @entity16232 and VK600-1E, also were identified in cases of @entity320 . We analyzed 14 @entity982 -embedded @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) samples, 6 of which showed the @entity8554 mutation. We found that our test worked efficiently with fine-needle aspirate specimens, and it identified 6 @entity8554 mutations in 10 fine-needle aspirate specimens diagnosed as @entity3557 . We also identified 4 @entity8554 mutations in 6 specimens of @entity3557 metastatic to lymph node. Unlike the @entity75 , the @entity3557 specimens yielded only @entity8554 mutations. Comparison of our real-time polymerase chain reaction results with conventional polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing demonstrated 100% concordance. Surprisingly, we did not identify the previously reported VK600-1E or @entity32178 mutations in our @entity3557 specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the real-time polymerase chain reaction method is a rapid and accurate method for identifying @entity817 mutations, such as @entity8554 , in both @entity982 -embedded tissue and fine-needle aspirate specimens.

title: @entity817 mutations in XXXX and @entity3557 samples identified using melting curve analysis of polymerase chain reaction products.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity817 :: ('673', 'Gene') :: ['proto-oncogene B-raf', 'BRAF']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'invasive melanoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['melanocytic lesions']


abstract: A striking diversity of compound eye size and shape has evolved among insects. The number of ommatidia and their size are major determinants of the visual sensitivity and acuity of the compound eye. Each ommatidium is composed of eight photoreceptor cells that facilitate the discrimination of different colours via the expression of various light sensitive @entity34203 proteins. It follows that variation in eye size, shape, and @entity34203 composition is likely to directly influence vision. We analyzed variation in these three traits in @entity238 , @entity12137 and @entity13270 . We show that @entity13270 generally has larger eyes than its sibling species, which is due to a combination of larger ommatidia and more ommatidia. In addition, intra- and inter-specific differences in eye size among @entity12137 and @entity238 strains are mainly caused by variation in ommatidia number. By applying a geometric morphometrics approach to assess whether the formation of larger eyes influences other parts of the head capsule, we found that an increase in eye size is associated with a reduction in the adjacent face cuticle. Our shape analysis also demonstrates that @entity13270 eyes are specifically enlarged in the dorsal region. Intriguingly, this dorsal enlargement is associated with enhanced expression of @entity34203 3 in @entity13270 . In summary, our data suggests that the morphology and functional properties of the compound eyes vary considerably within and among these closely related @entity238 species and may be part of coordinated morphological changes affecting the head capsule.

title: Evolution of eye morphology and XXXX expression in the @entity238 species subgroup.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila', 'D. melanogaster']

answer: @entity34203 :: (42367(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['rhodopsin']


abstract: The presence of @entity157 (HCCs) undetectable before hepatic resection is a crucial topic for hepatic surgeons. We assessed the incidence of pathologically diagnosed multiple HCCs in 267 @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection for HCC. Ninety-five additional HCC nodules were detected in 72 of the @entity1 (27%). The survival rate of these 72 @entity1 was significant worse than for the 195 with single nodular HCC (p = 0.0013). Twenty-one (22%) were detected before surgery, 29 (31%) during surgery, and 45 (47%) on pathologic examination after surgery. The mean nodule diameters for each group were 2.1, 1.0, and 0.9 cm, respectively (p < 0.0001). None of the 21 nodules detected before surgery was well differentiated, whereas 30 of the 74 nodules in the other two groups were well-differentiated. Although the mean nodule diameter of the well-differentiated HCC group was the smallest, there was no significant difference among the three groups assigned according to @entity5 differentiation (p = 0.2355). Altogether, 9 of 16 @entity1 with additional nodules detected before surgery (56%) and 49 of 59 with additional nodules detected during or after surgery (88%) had @entity1575 . The odds ratio for detecting a new HCC nodule during or after surgery in the presence of @entity82 was 5.444 (p = 0.0087). Improvement in the detection of small additional HCC nodules before and during surgery and meticulous follow-up after surgery are necessary for @entity1 with @entity82 . For @entity1 without @entity82 , surgical treatment may be performed according to the results of preoperative imaging studies.

title: XXXX undetectable before surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['small additional hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Additional hepatocellular carcinomas']


abstract: Alveolar @entity8025 with @entity33711 ( @entity13685 / @entity6688 ) is a @entity245 that is uniformly lethal. Affected @entity1 die within the first few weeks of their life despite aggressive treatment, although a few cases of late manifestation and longer survival have been reported. We have shown previously that mutations and deletions in @entity33710 are a cause of this disorder. Although most of the cases of @entity13685 / @entity6688 are sporadic, there have been infrequent reports of familial cases. We present a family with five out of six @entity1 affected with @entity13685 / @entity6688 . DNA analysis identified a missense mutation ( @entity55758 ; @entity55759 ) in the @entity33710 gene that segregated in the three affected siblings tested. The same variant is also present as a de novo mutation in the mother and arose on her paternally derived chromosome 16. The two tested affected siblings share the same chromosome 16 haplotype inherited from their maternal grandfather. Their single healthy sibling has a different chromosome 16 haplotype inherited from the maternal grandmother. The results are consistent with paternal imprinting of @entity33710 in @entity1 .

title: A familial case of XXXX with @entity33711 supports paternal imprinting of @entity33710 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8025 :: ('MESH:C536590', 'Disease') :: ['capillary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['rare developmental lung disorder']

entities_list: @entity33711 :: ('MESH:D010547', 'Disease') :: ['misalignment of pulmonary veins']

entities_list: @entity55759 :: ('p|SUB|R|139|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg139Leu']

answer: @entity8025 :: (MESH:C536590,Disease) :: ['alveolar capillary dysplasia']


abstract: Young (9 to 10 mo) Aberdeen-Angus bulls (n = 5) in excellent body condition and pastured with approximately 35 other bulls of similar age on a farm in southeastern Alabama had @entity221 , harsh pulmonary sounds, increased respiratory rate and variable amounts of hindlimb and @entity4 . Bulls had mild microcytic, normochromic @entity417 . Numerous eperythrozoon organisms were identified on blood smears. Indirect hemagglutination inhibition test results for Eperythrozoon suis antibodies were negative either because E. suis antigens do not cross react with @entity291 eperythrozoon organism antibodies or blood was collected before there was sufficient time for seroconversion. Bulls had swelling of the scrotal wall, soft testes, and poor semen quality, characterized by low progressive motility and a high percentage of spermatozoa with primary and secondary abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities may be attributed to the age of the bulls. However, @entity393 was a major cause of @entity528 leading to poor semen quality. Other bulls in the herd had @entity221 , increased respiratory rate, and swollen hindlimbs or scrotum. Subsequent to administration of @entity5385 , @entity5895 resolved rapidly, and clinical signs gradually abated. Four of five bulls successfully passed breeding soundness examinations six months after initial clinical illness. The remaining bull failed twice due to the presence of @entity32 .

title: Eperythrozoon infection in young bulls with scrotal and hindlimb XXXX , a herd outbreak.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['testicular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal edema']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of scrotal thermoregulation']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['testicular degeneration']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a unique @entity7236 (BAYTG 1000) would be beneficial in preventing laminitis in @entity1641 . ANIMALS: 16 clinically normal adult @entity1641 . PROCEDURE: 8 pairs of @entity1641 were used in a controlled double-blind study, using sex- and age-matched @entity1641 randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. @entity1641 were subjected to @entity1735 overload to induce laminitis. Treated @entity1641 were administered BAY TG 1000 (30 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for 3 days. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and @entity1273 were recorded at 4-hour intervals. The @entity1054 was adjusted on the basis of time of onset of @entity1273 and evaluated, using a repeated-measures ANOVA. @entity1273 8 hours after onset and clinical status 72 hours after onset of @entity1273 were evaluated, using Mann-Whitney procedures. RESULTS: Analysis revealed that BAYTG 1000 did not decrease the incidence of @entity1273 significantly ameliorated @entity2332 , lessened the severity of @entity1273 8 hours after onset of @entity1273 , and improved the clinical status of @entity1641 72 hours after onset of @entity1273 . CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results support the conclusion that BAYTG 1000 was protective when used in prevention of laminitis. The drug decreased severity and improved clinical status (recovery) of induced @entity1273 , which was interpreted to mean that the drug's actions were on mechanisms important but secondary to primary causal mechanisms of laminitis. Therefore, drugs that enhance digital perfusion via alteration of rheologic activity may have potential use in the prevention and management of laminitis in @entity1641 .

title: Effectiveness of a unique XXXX (BAYTG 1000) for prevention of laminitis in @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity1273 :: ('MESH:D007794', 'Disease') :: ['lameness', 'lameness but', 'Lameness']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['HWST', 'Hoof wall surface temperature']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['prodromal hypothermia']

answer: @entity7236 :: (MESH:C038806,Chemical) :: ['dihydropyridine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4082 (CC) response in anovulatory @entity1 is difficult to predict and @entity1 -tailored treatment would benefit @entity1 care and time-management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the @entity23385 ( @entity23385 ) @entity53675 -polymorphism as a predictor for CC response. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 193 @entity1 , diagnosed with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) according to Rotterdam criteria and treated with ovulation induction, were included over a 5-year period in a university hospital in the Netherlands. Data on demographics, BMI, menstrual cycle, laboratory screening (including @entity23385 genotyping), transvaginal ultrasonography of ovaries and ovulation parameters were collected. Main outcome measures were response to CC and @entity23385 genotype. RESULTS: The frequency distribution of the 680-polymorphism was 26% ( @entity2734 / @entity2734 ), 50% ( @entity2734 /Ser) and 24% (Ser/Ser). No significant differences in basal characteristics were found. Significantly more @entity1 with Ser/Ser-polymorphism were resistant to CC (28%) compared with @entity2734 /Ser (14%) and @entity2734 / @entity2734 group (15%), with an odds ratio for ovulation of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.21-0.97). @entity1 with higher FSH levels, higher age and lower BMI were significantly more likely to ovulate in univariate analysis. In a multivariate logistic regression model, corrected for age, BMI, mean ovarian, volume, @entity3428 , and @entity4999 , only @entity23385 and basal FSH levels were predictive for ovulation. CONCLUSIONS: Chance of resistance to CC is almost double in @entity1 with @entity3610 harbouring the Ser/Ser genotype.

title: XXXX resistance in relation to @entity23385 @entity53675 -polymorphism in @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['Clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity23385 :: ('2492', 'Gene') :: ['follicle-stimulating hormone receptor', 'FSHR']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity53675 :: ('p|SUB|S|680|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser680Ser']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity4082 :: (MESH:D002996,Chemical) :: ['Clomiphene citrate']


abstract: AIM: @entity1 with extensive @entity439 involving ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta are usually treated by sequential operations. For these @entity1 we can also use combined surgical and endovascular treatment. The experience with this procedure published in the literature is very limited. We report our experience in the '' @entity7105 trunk'' technique followed by an endovascular stent-grafting of the descending thoracic aorta in a small group of three consecutive @entity1 with extensive @entity2334 . METHODS: Three consecutive @entity1 with extensive @entity2334 or chronic dissection underwent combined surgical and endovascular treatment between January and December 2004. The procedure was carried out as a two-stage procedure. During the first stage aortic arch was replaced using the @entity7105 -trunk'' method and during the second stage the stentgrafting of the descending aorta was performed. RESULTS: All three @entity1 were treated successfully. There was no death, no @entity1070 and no permanent @entity51 . One @entity1 had a transient paraparesis. In all @entity1 the spiral CT demonstrated excellent technical result without @entity1070 and with @entity715 of the paraprosthetic space. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude, that the combined surgical and endovascular treatment of extensive @entity2334 is a feasible method which could reduce mortality and morbidity. In our institution the @entity7105 trunk technique followed by an endovascular stent-grafting of the descending aorta is the preferred method of treatment in @entity1 with extensive @entity2334 involving ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta.

title: Combined surgical and endovascular treatment of extensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2033 is a @entity179 due to an excessive number of CAG repeats in the @entity2034 gene on chromosome 4. The first symptoms are typically @entity4790 or @entity146 , whereas global @entity73 generally becomes obvious later. This study was aimed at detecting early subtle @entity73 in asymptomatic gene carriers. METHODS: As part of the testing procedure for predictive diagnosis of @entity2033 , 91 asymptomatic at risk candidates had a neuropsychological examination, evaluating global efficiency, attention, memory (Wechsler memory scale and @entity4207 ), and executive functions. RESULTS: The groups of carriers (n=42) and non-carriers (n=49) differed only on a few memory variables. When we considered the group of gene carriers as a whole, significant correlations emerged between the number of CAG repeats and (a) performance on several tests of executive functions, and (b) performance on the hard pairs associates of the Wechsler memory scale. Further analysis of performance on this memory subtest led to the division of the group of carriers into two subgroups, without any overlap. The performance of subjects without @entity73 (n=32) was similar to that of non-carriers on all tests. The subjects with @entity73 (n=10) differed from both carriers without @entity73 and non-carriers over a wide array of variables measuring executive functions and memory. Moreover, qualitative aspects of the performance of carriers with @entity73 in the @entity4207 closely resembled those of @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity2033 . CONCLUSION: This suggests that these subjects already have @entity2033 , despite a total lack of motor and @entity146 signs. An ongoing follow up study is testing the prediction that they will develop the full range of symptoms of the disease earlier than carriers without @entity73 .

title: Are cognitive changes the first symptoms of XXXX ? A study of gene carriers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['choreic movements']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['California verbal learning test']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We identified @entity1 with @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) to determine the predictive value of serum markers to diagnose histological @entity1560 (NASH). METHODS: Demographic, serological, radiological and histological variables on 95 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1561 were recorded. The serum markers studied were @entity2873 , Hyaluronic acid, @entity2843 and @entity9086 . The NAS score and the metavir score were the histological scoring systems used. RESULTS: @entity2873 levels were higher in the NASH group compared to the simple steatosis group (394 +/- 53 micro/L vs 194 +/- 26 micro/L; P < 0.05). In assessing clinical effectiveness, @entity2873 yielded an AUC of 0.8 for NASH (cut-off value 300 micro/L gives @entity2286 81% and NPV 85%).The @entity82 markers showed no differences between groups. We stratified the same cohort according to @entity1575 (F0 vs F1-F4). @entity82 was associated with advanced age, high body mass index and type 2 @entity6 . The biomarkers performed relatively poorly at identifying @entity1575 (F1-F4), with @entity15773 performing the best (AUC 0.73); performance improved for advanced @entity82 (F3/F4) - ( @entity15773 : AUC 0.77). The NAS score performed the best overall at identifying @entity1575 (AUC 0.79). DISCUSSION: @entity2873 is the only biomarker studied that can identify NASH. Additionally, liver biopsy should be performed in all high risk @entity1 to determine the standardised NAS score to identify @entity1 at high risk of disease progression.

title: The clinical utility of biomarkers and the @entity1561 CRN liver biopsy scoring system in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: Seventy-five adults who sustained 76 @entity174 were treated according to a prospective protocol using instability in extension as the principal indication for operative fixation. @entity1 showing instability underwent closed manipulative reduction under fluoroscopic guidance. If significant joint @entity308 persisted after reduction, elevation of the @entity174 was performed either from below using bone punches through a cortical window or via limited arthrotomy. Iliac crest bone graft was used to buttress @entity308 . Fixation was then secured using 7-mm cannulated screws with washers or buttress plates and screws. Postoperatively, 58 of 76 knees were managed in a hinged knee brace, allowing the @entity1 early range of motion and protected weightbearing for 8 weeks. @entity1 who were found to have a stable knee were treated with Bledsoe braces according to the postoperative protocol. In the 75 @entity1 , 18 of the 76 knees were unsuitable for percutaneous screw fixation because of @entity174 complexity requiring plates, severe @entity542 , or inadequate reductions with limited fixation had been done. A minimum followup of 12 months was obtained in 55 @entity1 (range, 12-59 months). All @entity174 had healed at the time of followup. Eighty-seven percent of the @entity1 at followup had a successful outcome using Rasmussen's criteria. Fourteen of these @entity1 had arthroscopic assisted reduction or evaluation. All seven @entity1 who had poor outcomes had @entity174 patterns. Severely @entity308 or comminuted @entity174 or @entity174 with significant metaphyseal diaphyseal extension may not be suitable for this technique and require the addition of an external fixation device or buttress plate to maintain the reduction and allow for early range of motion.

title: Treatment of XXXX by limited internal fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed fractures', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial plateau fractures', 'AO Type C3 fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial plateau fractures']


abstract: We have evaluated the interaction of radiation and @entity8708 ( @entity18399 ) with respect to @entity694 in the Fischer 344 @entity35 and have demonstrated the utility of this model for future more detailed mechanistic studies. In initial experiments, single doses of abdomen-only radiation (9 Gy) or @entity18399 (150 mg/kg) were employed alone or in combination. Radiation was administered 3.5 days prior to the @entity18399 . At 8 months post-treatment, the incidence of @entity18399 -induced @entity694 was doubled by prior radiation exposure. When the protocol was repeated employing a @entity18399 dose of 135 mg/kg with a 6-month observation period, the incidence of @entity5 induced by @entity18399 alone was reduced, but the combination of radiation plus @entity18399 still resulted in an augmentation of @entity5 incidence. When the protocol of radiation plus @entity18399 was repeated three times at monthly intervals, a 15-fold increase in @entity5 incidence (from 5 to 74%) was observed at 6 months post-treatment. This finding demonstrates an apparent synergy between the radiation and the chemical carcinogen. Throughout these studies, the appearance of @entity189 was associated with preexisting @entity706 . The reproducibility of @entity5 induction as well as range of @entity5 incidence generated by variations in this system may be adequately sensitive to examine the combination of much lower doses of radiation and/or chemical carcinogen. The relationship between existing @entity706 which alter local epithelial cell kinetics and which are associated with fenestrations in the basement membrane, and the development of @entity694 in congruent sites may assist in defining dose-response curves for combined agents as well as providing a system for evaluating the mechanisms underlying their interactions.

title: Apparent synergism between radiation and the carcinogen XXXX in the induction of @entity694 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid aggregates', 'colonic lymphoid nodules']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis', 'colon tumors', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity8708 :: (MESH:D019813,Chemical) :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfactory loss is a debilitating symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The pathophysiology of inflammatory @entity4838 likely involves both conductive and sensorineural components. To study the interaction of CRS-associated inflammatory cytokines with the olfactory epithelium (OE), a transgenic @entity19 model was developed that allows temporally-controlled local gene expression. @entity60 (IFN-y) is a prototypical T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine linked to nonpolypoid CRS (CRSsNP), as well as sinonasal viral and @entity2348 . In this study, the effects of chronic IFN-y expression on olfactory histology and function were investigated. METHODS: IFN-y secretion by olfactory sustentacular cells was induced in the transgenic @entity19 . Viability and gross behavior were unaffected. @entity19 were euthanized after 6 weeks of IFN-y expression, and olfactory tissue was studied by histology, immunohistochemistry, and electro-olfactography (EOG). Findings were compared with uninduced littermates. RESULTS: IFN-y expression did not result in alteration of the normal histologic architecture of the neuroepithelium or lamina propria. However, EOG recordings demonstrated a significant decrease in odorant responses after IFN-y expression. In addition, a marked increase in submucosal @entity8236 -positive cells was observed, the majority of which were CD3-positive and CD4-positive lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: Chronic IFN-y expression in the @entity19 OE results in diminished odorant responsiveness, despite the absence of inflammatory tissue damage. This suggests a direct effect of IFN-y on olfactory neuron function that may underlie @entity1800 . The infiltration of submucosal lymphocytes raises the possibility that other downstream cytokines also contribute to @entity4838 .

title: XXXX causes @entity4838 without concomitant neuroepithelial damage.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory loss in CRSsNP or viral infections']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory dysfunction']

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Interferon gamma']