abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylactic fixation of the contralateral hip in cases of slipped upper @entity4039 is controversial. Therefore, using a single-cannulated screw has been widely accepted. However, differing reports exist on the occurrence of persisting growth after prophylactic epiphysiodesis. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the presence of persisting growth of the upper @entity4039 after prophylactic fixation. METHODS: From 2006 until 2009, 11 @entity1 underwent prophylactic pinning using a single-cannulated 6.5-mm cancellous screw. Time to fusion, persisting growth, and overgrowing of the screw were measured on plain radiographs taken postoperatively and at least after the growth plate was fused. RESULTS: All @entity1 except 1 (91%) showed a persisting growth of the epiphysis, and in 2 cases a hardware replacement was necessary. The mean increase of the femoral neck length was 8.2% ( @entity8448 .46%). Mean follow-up was 37 months (range, 12 to 49 mo). All @entity1 had a Risser sign grade 0 at the time of surgery, and equal or less than grade 3, when the growth plate was fused. CONCLUSIONS: Despite previous reports that a prophylactic fixation using a single-cannulated cancellous screw is unproblematic and safe, we showed that in our series growth persistence was the rule and in some cases the physeal overgrowth necessitates a hardware replacement. Careful follow-up until fusion of the growth plate should be recommended.

title: Persisting growth after prophylactic single-screw epiphysiodesis in upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['femoral epiphysis']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['femoral epiphysis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the sonographic findings that can help differentiate widely invasive @entity259 (WIFTC) from minimally invasive @entity259 (MIFTC). METHODS: We retrospectively compared the sonographic and clinical findings of 24 @entity1 (M:F=5:19) with 24 MIFTCs and 12 @entity1 (M:F=1:11) with 13 WIFTCs that were confirmed pathologically and available in sonography at our institution between 1995 and 2007. RESULTS: WIFTC was more common in elderly @entity1 than MIFTC (p<0.0001). WIFTC was seen with a larger size than MIFTC (p=0.0092). The best cut-off values for age and size were 49 years and 5.6 cm, respectively. On sonography, all @entity5 were seen as a well-defined oval or round mass. Heterogeneous mulberry-like echotexture was more common for WIFTC than for MIFTC (77% vs. 25%) (p=0.0046). The presence of @entity730 was more frequent in WIFTC than in MIFTC (54% vs. 8%) (p=0.0041). Ring @entity730 (86%) were the most common type for WIFTC. WIFTC was commonly hypoechoic (70%) and rarely cystic change (8%), but without statistical differences. When WIFTCs represented @entity5 with two or more findings with a statistical difference, the specificity was 96%. CONCLUSION: WIFTC is distinguishable from MIFTC by sonography for @entity1 with an age >or=49 years, a @entity5 >or=5.6 cm, a heterogeneous mulberry-like echotexure, or the presence of @entity730 . The sonographic impression of a WIFTC can support a preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis of a difficult case as determined by FNA or with a frozen section.

title: Differentiation of widely invasive and minimally XXXX with sonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['follicular thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Topical @entity9909 ( @entity1874 ) was reported to be an effective therapeutic agent for @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ), for not only improving clinical findings but also for reducing @entity111 . Recently in Japan @entity1140 ointment (0.03%) as a @entity1874 was approved for use in @entity1 aged > or =2 years. There have been no reports, however, on the impact of @entity1874 on quality of life (QOL) in pediatric @entity483 in Japan. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1140 ointment (0.03%) in the short-term and the impact on @entity1 QOL. METHODS: A total of 30 pediatric @entity1 with @entity483 , whose skin problems were not sufficiently controlled by mid-high potency topical glucocorticosteroids, were enrolled. Efficacy was assessed on score of cutaneous findings, @entity111 , @entity25 , and QOL. RESULTS: Three @entity1 discontinued because of skin burning (n = 1), generalized @entity281 (n = 1), and feeling of lack of efficacy (n = 1), leaving a final total of 27 @entity1 who were evaluated. Significant improvements in clinical findings, @entity111 , and @entity22 were observed within 1 week of treatment and consequently each QOL category was also improved. These improvements continued for the duration of the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1140 ointment therapy is rapidly effective for not only clinical symptoms (cutaneous findings, @entity22 ) but also in QOL of @entity483 pediatric @entity1 aged > or =2 years.

title: Short-term efficacy of XXXX ointment and impact on quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['herpes infection']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping disorder']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus and sleeplessness', 'sleeplessness']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the fractional percentage of @entity5 volume (FPTV) removed at cytoreductive nephrectomy predicts disease-specific survival (DSS), as @entity1358 ((M+)RCC) is associated with poor overall survival with only a 10-20% @entity1 survival at 2 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: The Columbia Urologic Oncology Database was reviewed; 1016 @entity1 had renal surgery from 1988 to 2005, 78 @entity1 with (M+)RCC underwent nephrectomy. The FPTV removed was determined using pathological and imaging reports. The @entity1 were stratified as having a > or <90% FPTV. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test was used to determine survival advantage between groups. A Cox proportional hazard model was used for FPTV in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Secondary analyses were conducted to determine if the size of the primary @entity5 or volume of metastases affected outcome and if the FPTV affected hospitalization time. RESULTS: In all, 55 @entity1 had their FPTV calculated exactly; 45 had a >90% FPTV. The median DSS times were 11.6 and 2.9 months for @entity1 with >90% and <90% FPTV removed (P = 0.002). The hazard ratio for @entity204 was 0.24 for @entity1 with a >90% FPTV in a univariate model (P = 0.016) and 0.29 in multivariate analysis (P = 0.02). @entity1 with a <90% FPTV spent a greater percentage of time hospitalized before @entity204 , 21.2% vs 6.5% (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with (M+)RCC, overall survival is limited, but can be extended by cytoreductive nephrectomy. The FPTV expected to be removed is a simple and available method to counsel @entity1 regarding the benefits of surgical intervention.

title: Outcome after cytoreductive nephrectomy for XXXX is predicted by fractional percentage of @entity5 volume removed.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: We have studied the effects of fetal neuronal grafts on the temporal pattern of drinking behavior of suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)-lesioned adult @entity35 . Additionally, in an independent set of animals, the immunohistochemical staining for vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and @entity10969 and the retinal connections to the @entity2339 were studied. The behavioral experiments indicate that anterior @entity1640 transplants induced reorganization of the temporal pattern of drinking behavior when placed in the third ventricle of adult hosts bearing @entity75 , but not when placed in a cavity in the occipital cortex. Such rhythmicity persists only when the animals were recorded under constant darkness but not under constant light, indicating that the restored rhythmicity was generated endogenously but that the oscillator was extremely sensitive to light. Fetal occipital cortex induced reorganization of the temporal pattern of previously arrhythmic hosts, but it disappeared when the animals were recorded under constant light or constant darkness. It is clear that this rhythmicity was exogenous. In contrast to the cortical transplants, the @entity1640 transplants showed a morphological organization similar to that found in the normal @entity2339 regardless of their placement in the host brain. From these observations it is concluded that development of neocortex is more affected by environmental factors than that of the @entity2339 . Both @entity1640 and cortical transplants induced sprouting of retinal fibers into the anterior @entity2339 and the grafted tissue. It is possible that such fibers could be the neuroanatomical substrate by which rhythmicity is induced by cortical tissue.

title: Behavioral and morphological studies of fetal neural transplants into SCN-lesioned XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['complete SCN lesions']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among @entity1 with advanced @entity120 ( @entity120 ) who are receiving @entity4770 treatment, complications due to the delivery system are known to be a cause of serious morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to outline the complications associated with the use of a totally implantable access port (TIAP) and their consequences in continuous intravenous @entity4770 treatment. METHODS: One hundred @entity120 ( @entity120 ) @entity1 treated with @entity4770 through a totally implantable access port (TIAP) between May 1998 and July 2006 at three Dutch @entity120 referral centers were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up period of 946 +/- 719 days, TIAP-related complications included local port site infections, bloodstream infections, port site skin perforations and incorrect port placement, with incidence rates of 0.11, 0.15, 0.06 and 0.04 per @entity1 -year, respectively. Fatal, serious, moderate and minor consequences of these complications had incidence rates of 0.01, 0.50, 0.09 and 0.01 per @entity1 -year, respectively. The median complication-free survival was 371 days. @entity794 was the dominant infectious agent. The median TIAP life duration was 677 days. Female @entity1 showed significantly longer first TIAP survival (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The use of a TIAP showed long-lasting port survival and relatively low complication rates. Our data suggest that the TIAP is well suited for continuous intravenous @entity4770 delivery in @entity1 with @entity120 .

title: Low complication rates with totally implantable access port use in @entity4770 treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PAH', 'eleven pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['epoprostenol']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have attributed accelerated forgetting rates on recognition memory tasks to temporal lobe pathology, but findings in some @entity1 groups may have been attributable to metabolic disruption. Findings in @entity146 such as @entity161 are conflicting. The purpose of the present study was to compare forgetting rates in @entity1 with @entity911 states (post-electroconvulsive therapy (post-ECT), @entity933 ), with those obtained in @entity161 @entity1 (with putative temporal lobe pathology), non-ECT depressed @entity1 , and healthy controls. The findings could also be compared with previous reports in @entity1 with @entity542 , focal @entity75 , and @entity195 . METHODS: Two studies employed a picture recognition task to examine forgetting rates, the first between delays of 1 minute, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes, and the second between delays of 10 minutes, 2 hours, and 24 hours. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in forgetting rates between 1 minute and 30 minutes, but the ECT group showed accelerated forgetting between 10 minutes and 2 hours compared with healthy controls, associated with a rapid decline in "hit rate". This was not attributable to differential changes in either @entity308 or severity of @entity2414 . There were no differences in forgetting rates across the other subject groups. CONCLUSION: Post-ECT @entity911 state @entity1 (similarly to "within post-traumatic @entity2730 " @entity1 with @entity542 ) show accelerated forgetting on a recognition memory task and, in this, they contrast with @entity1 who have focal @entity75 or widespread cortical @entity194 . Accelerated forgetting may reflect the effect of disrupted cerebral metabolism on either "consolidation" or memory "binding" processes.

title: Forgetting rates in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural lesions']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusional']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's dementia"]

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']


abstract: @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) is highly prevalent in the male population beyond the age of 60. Impairment of urinary flow due to prostate enlargement gives rise to symptoms of 'prostatism' that have a detrimental impact on the quality of life. The current trend in the management of symptomatic @entity1067 favours pharmacotherapy as a first line option, while the number of surgical procedures being performed has experienced a steady decline during the last ten years. Among the pharmacological treatments, the use of alpha1-adrenoceptor blockers has demonstrated to be an effective treatment option for @entity1067 . These agents reduce the adrenergic tone to the prostate and increase urinary flow, with a concomitant reduction of lower urinary tract symptoms. The alpha1-blockers currently approved include compounds such as @entity31503 , @entity7477 and @entity16427 , originally developed for the treatment of @entity101 , and more recently @entity9940 , an alpha1-subtype selective drug. The blockade of alpha1-adrenoceptors present in vascular smooth muscle is largely responsible for the most prominent side effects of current drugs, which can be severe and require @entity1 dose titration. The limitation imposed by side effects naturally raises the possibility that complete blockade of prostatic alpha1 receptors is not attained at the maximum tolerated dose. The extensive efforts by the pharmaceutical industry towards the development of uroselective alpha1-blockers, is the subject of this review. Advances in the molecular cloning of genes encoding three alpha1-adrenoceptors led to the identification of the @entity10598 -subtype as the predominant receptor responsible for the contraction of prostate smooth muscle. In preclinical animal models, selective @entity10598 -antagonists have consistently been found to have minimal cardiovascular effects, thus providing a pharmacological rationale for uroselectivity. It has also become apparent, however, that uroselectivity can emerge in a poorly understood manner from the pharmacodynamic properties of compounds without @entity10598 -subtype selectivity. Clinical experience with @entity9940 , an @entity10598 /alpha1D selective drug, has failed to demonstrate a significant improvement in efficacy beyond that demonstrated for non-subtype selective alpha1-blockers, and gives support to the notion that @entity10598 -selective antagonists might achieve greater efficacy for the treatment of @entity1067 . Given the demonstrated uroselectivity of @entity10598 -selective antagonists in preclinical models, it is anticipated that third generation alpha1-blockers will exhibit improved urinary flow efficacy and be better tolerated than @entity9940 . The extent to which the improvement in urinary flow will translate to the relief of symptoms of prostatism, however, remains to be demonstrated in randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials of @entity10598 -selective antagonists.

title: Subtype selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['Benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity31503 :: ('MESH:C047638', 'Chemical') :: ['alfuzosin']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate therapeutic approaches and response to therapy in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) with @entity8 in a large prospective international cohort from four geographic areas. METHODS: New onset and flared @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity644 >= 0.5 g/24 h) were enrolled in 2001-2004. Therapeutic approaches and disease activity parameters were analysed at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. Response was assessed by the PRINTO/ACR criteria. RESULTS: 218/557 (79.8% female subjects, 117 new onset and 101 flared) @entity1 with @entity8 were identified; 66 @entity1 were lost to follow-up and 11 died. Mean age at disease onset for new onset group was higher than for flared group (13.1 vs 10.2 years, p<0.0001). At baseline, both groups had similar renal activity with similar median doses of @entity288 (1.0-0.76 mg/kg/day). @entity786 (43.1%) and @entity500 (22%) were the most common immunosuppressive drugs. At baseline, South American @entity1 received higher doses of corticosteroids than in other areas in new onset (median 1.16 vs 0.8-1 mg/kg/day) while @entity786 use was similar in all four regions in the new onset group. There were no differences regarding the use of @entity500 or @entity6051 mofetil worldwide. PRINTO 70 response was reached in a greater percentage of new onset versus flared @entity1 (74.8% vs 53.3%; p=0.005) at 6 months while at 24 months ACR 90 was reached by 69.9% and 56.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: New onset and flared juvenile @entity1252 improved similarly over 24 months with minimal differences in therapeutic approaches worldwide.

title: Therapeutic approaches for the treatment of XXXX in @entity1252 : an international multicentre PRINTO study.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['active renal disease', 'renal involvement']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: The objective of the work was to describe in subjects with spontaneous @entity2224 , after elimination of acute @entity299 , the strategy of antiarrhythmic treatment and to evaluate, based on prospective follow-up, the effectiveness of this treatment. The authors included in the group 36 @entity1 (30 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) within the range from 34 to 78 years (mean age 58 +/- 11 years) with spontaneous @entity2224 . They divided the group into a subgroup (15 subjects) without revascularization of the heart muscle, into a subgroup (17 subjects) with revascularization of the myocardium (coronary angioplasty and bypasses) and a subgroup (4 subjects) where @entity299 was ruled out (mostly @entity296 ). In all subgroups they used programmed ventricular stimulation (apparatuses of Quinton Co. USA, Biotronik Co. GFR), in the subgroup with revascularization within 3 months. During the diagnostic procedure of ventricular stimulation they tested antiarrhythmic drugs most frequently @entity2643 per os (for 4 weeks). An implantable cardioverter--defibrillator was implanted in 17 @entity1 (8 subjects without revascularization, 6 subjects with revascularization, 3 subjects without @entity299 ). All @entity1 were followed up till @entity204 , maximum 24 months. The authors evaluated the rate of @entity204 ( @entity204 on cardiac grounds, incl. @entity944 ) and @entity944 (within one hour after the onset of symptoms or the first malignant @entity1165 recorded after implantation of the defibrillator). In the subgroup without revascularization with electric instability of the ventricles according to programmed stimulation 66.7% they described seven @entity204 (46.7%) and 6 sudden "arrhythmic" @entity204 (40%) incl. 5 subjects with ineffective testing of antiarrhythmic drugs. Conversely in the subgroup with revascularization and with diagnostic programmed stimulation in 47.1% they found 3 @entity204 (17.7%), one @entity944 (5.9%)--a subject with ineffective testing. In the subgroup without @entity299 they recorded cardiac and sudden "arrhythmic" @entity204 in half the subjects, in all instances in subjects without inducible @entity1165 . The authors found in the course of a two-year investigation a relapse of @entity1167 in 25% of subjects after spontaneous @entity2224 . A third of these subjects (all without a cardioverter-defibrillator) died. They confirm the benefit of implantation of a defibrillator for all subjects regardless of the basic diagnosis and revascularization of the heart muscle.

title: [ XXXX in @entity299 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden arrhythmic deaths', 'sudden "arrhythmic" death', 'sudden arrhythmic death']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'cardiac deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: Doppler ultrasonography can be used to detect the presence of emboli in the cerebral arterial circulation. Emboli can be produced by different sources and can be of different nature: solid elements as @entity1423 or @entity1856 material, or gaseous when they are produced during the decompression phase of diving or during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) procedures. A more recent source of emboli has been found in the @entity340 ( @entity340 ). The emboli generated by @entity340 are likely of gaseous nature and are found in the middle cerebral artery blood flow at a variable rate, where they are detected by transcranial Doppler sonography. The mechanism of production of these microbubbles may be related to the rapid leaflet motion especially at closure when very high local pressure gradients appear, which may be able to provoke a release of the disolved blood gas. Solid element emboli constitute a major cause of @entity66 and particularly @entity64 . Conversely, gaseous emboli coming from ECC or @entity340 are considered as clinically silent. Nevertheless, @entity73 have been reported after ECC. As the @entity340 carriers are chronically submitted to embolic events, it can be assumed that @entity73 may occur also in these @entity1 . A preliminary study was designed to inpatients attention and memory in @entity1 with normally functioning @entity340 and microemboli, with biological prosthesis and in normal subjects. In the two groups of @entity1 , episodic memory was significantly altered relatively to the control group. In the @entity340 carriers group, a significant @entity2414 performance was observed relatively to the two other groups. These results confirm a long term effect of the microembolization occuring during ECC and point out the effect of the chronic exposition to microemboli.

title: Can cerebrovascular microemboli induce @entity73 in XXXX with prosthetic heart valves?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in working memory']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['thrombi, platelet aggregates']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive alterations', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical prostheic heart valves', 'MHV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Benign strictures at the @entity418 are troublesome for @entity1 and often require repeated endoscopic treatments. @entity1311 can reduce @entity82 . This study evaluated a biodegradable @entity1311 -eluting nanofibre-covered metal stent for the treatment of benign @entity418 stricture in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Drug release was investigated in vitro at pH 7  4 and 4  0. Eighty @entity235 were divided randomly into four groups (each n = 20): controls (no stent), bare stent (retained for 1 week), and two drug-eluting stent (DES) groups with retention for either 1 week (DES-1w) or 4 weeks (DES-4w). Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) and 5-min barium height (5-mBH) were assessed before, immediately after stent deployment, at 1 week, and 1, 3 and 6 months later. Five @entity235 in each group were killed for histological examination at each follow-up point. RESULTS: Stent migration rates were similar (0 bare stent versus 2 DES; P = 0  548). The percentage and amount of @entity1311 released in vitro was higher at pH 4  0 than at pH 7  4. After 6 months, LOSP and 5-mBH were both improved in the DES-1w (P = 0  004 and P = 0  049) and DES-4w (both P < 0  001) groups compared with the bare-stent group, with better relief when the stent was retained for 4 weeks (P = 0  004 and P = 0  007). The DES was associated with a reduced peak inflammatory reaction and less scar formation compared with bare stents, especially when inserted for 4 weeks. CONCLUSION: The DES was more effective for the treatment of benign @entity418 stricture than bare stents in a @entity235 model. Retention of the DES for 4 weeks led to a better clinical and pathological outcome than 1 week.

title: Evaluation of biodegradable XXXX -eluting nanofibre-covered metal stents for the treatment of benign @entity418 stricture in an experimental model.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of @entity1214 on treating experimentally induced @entity2521 in @entity35 when administered either as a systemic subantimicrobial dose or as a topical ointment. DESIGN: Thirty-two adult male @entity35 in four experimental groups-(1) model group; (2) systemic subantimicrobial dose of @entity1214 (5mg/kg/day) treatment group; (3) topical subgingival dose of @entity1214 (2mg/animal/week) treatment group; (4) control group. Experimentally induced @entity2521 -silk ligatures were placed around the crevices of the second molar teeth and the animals fed a 10% @entity969 drink. Assessment was carried out at days 28 and 56 using a number of different visual, histological and ultrastructure approaches. (1) Visual assessment-tooth mobility, gingival index and @entity604 . (2) Histological examination-monocyte infiltration and resorption lacunae with osteoclasts. (3) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-morphological transformation of fibroblasts and osteoclasts. The collected data were analysed for statistical significance using the analysis of variance statistical test. RESULTS: @entity1214 significantly reduced tooth mobility, gingival index and @entity604 when administered either systemically or as a topical ointment compared to the model group (P<0.01). However, the @entity604 was significantly less (P<0.01 in the systemic treatment group compared to the local treatment group. Monocyte infiltration and resorption lacunae with osteoclasts were significantly less in the both treatment groups compared to the model group (P<0.01). The osteoclasts failed to form a ruffled border in the systemic treatment group. CONCLUSION: Topical treatment significantly reduces @entity2522 while systemic treatment is beneficial in terms of inhibiting @entity604 .

title: A comparative study of systemic subantimicrobial and topical treatment of @entity1214 in experimental @entity2521 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['Minocycline', 'minocycline']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar bone loss']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The KRAB domain of @entity1 @entity53296 , a member of the KRAB C2H2 @entity219 finger family, confers strong transcriptional repressor activities even to remote promoter positions. Here, @entity15152 inhibitors were used to demonstrate that histone deacetylation is not required for mediating transcriptional repression of KRAB @entity219 finger proteins. Two reporter systems with either stably integrated or transiently transfected templates, both under control of strong viral promoters, were analyzed. Under all circumstances, @entity15152 inhibition did not alter the repression potential of the KRAB domain. In case of the stably integrated luciferase reporter gene system, neither expression levels of the KRAB fusion protein nor complex formation with its putative co-repressor @entity42364 were significantly changed. Furthermore, the @entity42364 /KRAB complex was devoid of @entity6388 and @entity17029 . In the transient transfection system, the transcriptional repression induced by @entity42364 and @entity12061 was not diminished by @entity15152 inhibitors, whereas the repressory activity of @entity35837 was significantly affected. Thus, KRAB, @entity42364 and @entity12061 are likely to be functionally linked. In conclusion, @entity15152 activity is not essential for the strong transcriptional repressor activity mediated by the KRAB domain of @entity53296 in particular and, presumably, by KRAB domains in general. This feature might be helpful in identifying and characterizing target genes under the control of

title: Transcriptional repression mediated by the KRAB domain of the @entity1 C2H2 @entity219 finger protein @entity53296 / XXXX does not require histone deacetylation.

answer: @entity53296 :: (7556,Gene) :: ['ZNF10']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the anti-ischaemic effects of a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, @entity2815 , compared with @entity594 , alone and in combination, in @entity5749 caused by @entity453 . DESIGN: Placebo controlled, double blind, latin square design. SETTING: Regional cardiology service for a mixed urban and rural population. SUBJECTS: 40 @entity1 with stable exertional angina producing at least 1 mm @entity308 on exercise test with the Bruce protocol. 34 @entity1 completed all four phases of the trial. INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 was treated with placebo, @entity2815 (10 mg twice daily), @entity594 retard (20 mg twice daily), and a combination of @entity2815 and @entity594 in the same doses, in random order for periods of two weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Total duration of exercise was not increased by any treatment. Exercise time to the development of 1 mm @entity308 was not significantly changed with @entity2815 alone or in combination with @entity594 but was increased with @entity594 from 4.18 (1.8) min to 4.99 (1.6) min (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.28 to 1.34; p < 0.05). There was a significant relation between increase in duration of exercise and resting @entity916 concentration (r = 0.498; p < 0.01). @entity296 during daily activity, as assessed by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, was reduced by @entity2815 and by the @entity2815 and @entity594 combination. This was significant for total ischaemic burden (451(628) min v 231(408) min; 95% CI -398 to -41 min; p < 0.05) and maximal depth of @entity308 (-2.47(1.2) mm v -2.16 mm; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.57; p < 0.05) for the combination and for maximal ST segment depth for @entity2815 monotherapy (-2.47 (1.2) mm v -1.96(1.2) mm; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.91; p < 0.05). @entity2815 significantly altered the circadian rhythm of @entity299 , abolishing the peak ischaemic periods at 0700 to 1200 and 1700 to 2300 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2815 , an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, had a modest anti-ischaemic effect in effort angina, but this effect was not as pronounced as with @entity594 . The anti-ischaemic action was more noticeable in asymptomatic ischaemia during daily activity, whereas @entity594 had little effect on this aspect of @entity296 . The combination of @entity2815 and @entity594 reduced ischaemia of daily activity.

title: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in @entity5749 : effects on @entity296 and comparison with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia', 'Myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity2815 :: ('MESH:C044946', 'Chemical') :: ['benazepril', 'Benazepril']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) have shown to be at least as safe and efficient as non-fractionated heparin in the treatment of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). Moreover, no serial laboratory controls are required. Therefore, LMWH allow the @entity1 to be treated at home. From July 1995 to July 1996, 30 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1150 were enrolled in a prospective study and treated with nadroparin. Ambulatory treatment was feasible in 24 @entity1 (9 @entity1 did not require admission and 15 @entity1 were discharged in less than 6 days). The main causes for admission were the inability to obtain a diagnosis, the severity of symptoms in the involved limb, and the presence of associated disease. None of the 24 @entity1 to whom the possibility of home therapy was offered desired to remain at hospital. The ambulatory care of these @entity1 increased the burden on primary care teams. There was no case of clinical recurrent @entity1031 nor a major @entity548 . Ambulatory treatment of @entity1150 with nadroparin seems to be feasible, efficient and safe. Nevertheless, before using this therapeutic alternative a series of factors should be considered, which include the severity of clinical presentation, the @entity548 , and the presence of associated diseases.

title: [The home treatment of XXXX with low-molecular-weight heparin].

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complication', 'embolic and hemorrhagic risks']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thromboses']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare anesthesia with @entity3303 2% by bolus or by continuous perfusion through a subarachnoid catheter. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 undergoing surgery on a lower limb were studied prospectively. @entity1 were divided into two groups: 14 received subarachnoid anesthesia in continuous perfusion (group CP) while 17 were given subarachnoid anesthesia in bolus form (group B). An 18G Tuohy needle was used with a 20 G catheter. An initial bolus of 20 mg (1 ml) was administered in group CP and followed by continuous perfusion at a rate of 16 mg/h (0.8 ml/h). In group B an initial 20 mg bolus was followed by additional ones of 10 mg (0.5 ml). The optimum sensory level was T 10. RESULTS: The two groups were homogeneous with respect to age, weight, height and medical history. Fewer boluses were needed with continuous perfusion. Seven @entity1 (50%) in group CP required additional boluses. The ratio of total drug dose administered in mg to time of surgery was significantly higher in group CP. The sensory and motor blockade levels obtained were similar in the two groups. One case of @entity551 and one of @entity1168 were recorded. Two cases of minor @entity10 were recorded in group B. Sedation was used in 7 @entity1 (50%) in group CP and in 13 (76%) in group B. CONCLUSION: Subarachnoid administration of @entity3303 2% in continuous perfusion affords the same sensory and motor blockade as administration in bolus form and does not reduce the overall amount of @entity3303 used.

title: [Comparative study between continuous and bolus subarachnoid administration of 2% XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: Divalproex @entity1372 is an anticonvulsant widely prescribed to treat several types of @entity302 , including @entity410 . We describe a 41-year-old @entity1 who experienced recurring @entity410 after a drug interaction between divalproex @entity1372 and ertapenem, a @entity2893 antibiotic. The @entity1 's @entity1092 serum concentration was 130 mug/ml approximately 3 months before he started ertapenem 2000 mg/day (20.6 mg/kg/day). On day 7 of ertapenem therapy, the @entity1 was brought to the emergency department with @entity410 ; his @entity1092 serum concentration was 70 microg/ml. His divalproex @entity1372 dosage was increased, and he was released from the emergency department only to return 4 days later with recurring @entity410 . This time his @entity1092 serum concentration was 10.7 microg/ml. Ertapenem was discontinued, and his divalproex @entity1372 dosage was increased further. The @entity1 's @entity1092 level rapidly returned to a therapeutic level 2 days after ertapenem discontinuation, and he had no further @entity410 . Using the Naranjo @entity137 probability scale to determine the probability of the drug interaction, we found that the likelihood of the interaction was probable (score of 7). Similar interactions have been reported between other @entity2893 antibiotics and @entity1092 . Clinicians should be aware of this potential interaction between divalproex @entity1372 and ertapenem; concurrent administration of these two drugs should be approached with caution. In @entity1 prescribed this combination, the @entity1092 serum concentration should be carefully monitored to prevent recurring @entity410 .

title: Acute @entity410 in a @entity1 receiving divalproex XXXX after starting ertapenem therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic and simple or complex partial seizures', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorders']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases are @entity2348 leading to @entity32 that are frequently observed in adults. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of @entity55639 and @entity55640 , two natural oxyprenylated @entity6397 , on the growth, adherence properties, and collagenase activity of @entity2523 . We also investigated the capacity of these compounds to reduce cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and to inhibit MMP-9 activity. METHODS: Microplate dilution assays were performed to determine the effect of @entity55639 and @entity55640 on @entity2523 growth as well as biofilm formation stained with @entity1686 . Adhesion of @entity2823 -labeled @entity2523 to oral epithelial cells was monitored by fluorometry. The effects of @entity55639 and @entity55640 on LPS-induced cytokine and MMP secretion by macrophages were determined by immunological assays. Fluorogenic assays were used to evaluate the capacity of the two @entity6397 to inhibit the activity of @entity2523 collagenase and MMP-9. RESULTS: Only @entity55640 completely inhibited @entity2523 growth in a complex culture medium. However, under @entity68 -limiting conditions, @entity55639 and @entity55640 both inhibited the growth of @entity2523 . @entity55640 also inhibited biofilm formation by @entity2523 and promoted biofilm desorption. Both compounds prevented the adherence of @entity2523 to oral epithelial cells, dose-dependently reduced the secretion of cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-a) and MMP-8 and MMP-9 by LPS-stimulated macrophages, and inhibited MMP-9 activity. @entity55640 also inhibited @entity2523 collagenase activity. CONCLUSIONS: By acting on multiple targets, including pathogenic bacteria, tissue-destructive enzymes, and the host inflammatory response, @entity55639 and @entity55640 may be promising natural compounds for preventing and treating @entity2520 .

title: The plant XXXX @entity55639 and @entity55640 as potential multifunctional therapeutic agents for treating @entity2520 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation disorders']

entities_list: @entity55639 :: ('MESH:C105832', 'Chemical') :: ['auraptene']

entities_list: @entity55640 :: ('MESH:C452988', 'Chemical') :: ['lacinartin', 'Lacinartin']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['crystal violet']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity6397 :: ('MESH:D003374', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarins']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity6397 :: (MESH:D003374,Chemical) :: ['coumarins']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively investigate the experience at one urban level one @entity130 center with gunshot femoral @entity174 with @entity1317 and to examine the implication of surgical sequence with regards to short-term complications and ischaemia time. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 24 @entity1 treated at an urban level one @entity130 center over a 10-year period with low velocity gunshot wounds resulting in femur @entity174 and @entity1317 . Data were stratified according to sequence of surgical intervention. RESULTS: The mean age was 31.3 years. Mean time to revascularization was highest in @entity1 undergoing definitive orthopaedic fixation first (660   min) and lowest in @entity1 undergoing shunting first (210   min). Most complications in @entity1 undergoing vascular repair first, included two disrupted repairs requiring immediate revision after subsequent orthopaedic fixation. Other complications included @entity2054 and one amputation. CONCLUSION: Surgical sequence did not appear to impact the outcome with regard to limb loss, @entity2054 , or mortality. Orthopaedic repair following vascular repair, however, is a risk for disruption of the vascular repair. We suggest that close and early direct communication between the orthopaedic and vascular surgeons take place in order to facilitate a satisfactory outcome.

title: Gunshot femoral XXXX with @entity1317 : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['major vascular injury', 'vascular injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To validate an Italian version of the University of California-Los Angeles @entity263 Index ( @entity10854 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity263 treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) or external beam radiation (EBR) were retrospectively selected. Each subject was asked to complete the @entity10854 short form and the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) questionnaires (principal sample); a subgroup completed both questionnaires twice (retest sample). A linguistic translation and validation was performed. Psychometric properties were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 595 @entity1 were included in the study: 394 from the Department of Urology (treated with RRP) and 201 from the Department of Radiotherapy (treated with EBR). Of these, 75 @entity1 (50 from the RRP group and 25 from the EBR group) were selected as the retest cohort. Internal consistency reliability of the SF-36 and @entity10854 for the primary sample of the surgery and radiotherapy populations ranged from 0.82 to 0.94; the mean values of sexual function were superior in the principal urology group, whereas the principal radiotherapy group demonstrated superior mean values of urinary function and urinary bother. A strong correlation between urinary function and @entity458 , and between urinary function and all bother scales, was reported only for @entity1 treated with RRP. The expected correlation between sexual function and sexual bother was reported for the EBR group but not for the RRP group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated the excellent psychometric properties of the Italian version of the @entity10854 ; the Italian version of the @entity10854 questionnaire will allow cross-cultural comparative studies in @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: Quality of life after radical treatment of XXXX : validation of the Italian version of the University of California-Los Angeles @entity263 Index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and bowel function']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Deleterious mutations in the @entity5345 / @entity2674 genes elevate lifetime risk of @entity5344 . Each @entity1 of a mutation-positive parent has a 50% chance of inheriting it. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) permits prospective parents to avoid the birth of a BRCA-mutation-positive @entity1 , introducing predictability into a process historically defined by chance. This investigation explored how @entity6069 mutation carriers understand genetic inheritance and consider a @entity1 's inheritance of a @entity6069 mutation, given the opportunities that exist to pursue PGD. Thirty-nine female and male @entity5345 /2 mutation carriers of reproductive age were recruited from urban @entity5 and reproductive medical centers. @entity1 completed a standardized educational presentation on PGD and prenatal diagnosis, with pre- and posttest assessments. An interdisciplinary team of qualitative researchers analyzed data using grounded theory techniques. @entity1 expressed the belief that reproduction yields @entity1 with unique genetic strengths and challenges, including the @entity6069 mutation, family traits for which predictive tests do not exist, and hypothetical genetic risks. @entity1 expressed preference for biologically related @entity1 , yet stated their genetically "well" partner's lineage would be marred through reproductive merger, requiring the well partner to assume the burden of the @entity5345 /2 mutation via their @entity1 . @entity1 expressed diverse views of genetically "well" partners' participation in family planning and risk management decisions. Pressure to use reprogenetic technology may grow as genetic susceptibility testing becomes more widely available. Work with individuals and couples across the disease spectrum must be attuned to the ways beliefs about genetic inheritance play into reproductive decision-making.

title: "My funky genetics": XXXX /2 mutation carriers' understanding of genetic inheritance and reproductive merger in the context of new reprogenetic technologies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: AIM: The prevalence of @entity6 and its associated manifestations is higher in New Zealand Maori than New Zealand Europeans. There is no current evidence regarding podiatric clinical characteristics of Maori with @entity6 . The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and foot characteristics of Maori with @entity6 using a podiatry-specific assessment tool. METHOD: This study used a cross-sectional design. @entity1 with @entity6 were recruited from two Maori Primary Health Organisations. Podiatric-specific characteristics (vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal) were recorded. @entity1 demographics and general medical conditions were also recorded. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 were recruited and displayed risk factors for @entity2412 (mean disease duration 12 years, mean HbA1c 8.3%) including 49% of @entity1 with @entity101 . Podiatric-specific characteristics revealed unremarkable neurovascular results. However, many @entity1 presented with pre-ulcerative lesions and current pedal @entity1066 (53% and 8% respectively). Although many @entity1 had good foot-care knowledge (>85%), a modified classification tool of foot risk status determined that a high percentage of @entity1 required regular podiatric management and screening (60%). CONCLUSION: Despite this population living with a chronic condition for more than 10 years and displaying poor long-term glycaemic control, there was no evidence of @entity532 in the lower limb. However, there was a high prevalence of pre-ulcerative lesions which unmonitored and undetected may predispose the foot to @entity1066 . The detection of current @entity1066 in this study alongside other risk factors for @entity2412 necessitates the need for appropriate podiatric screening and podiatry management.

title: Foot problems in Maori with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular or macrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-related complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Apolipoprotein (apo) C-I is a constituent of @entity412 -rich lipoproteins (TGRL) that interferes with their hepatic clearance. Functional polymorphism in the @entity45925 gene has not been established. We determined that an Hpa I site variably present at -317 relative to the @entity45925 gene is produced by a 4-bp CGTT insertion. The @entity45925 Hpa I alleles showed an ethnically distinct pattern of linkage disequilibrium with the alleles of the adjacent @entity2204 gene. The frequency of @entity45925 Hpa I-positive (H2) with @entity2204 varepsilon2 was 0. 98, without significant ethnic difference. In contrast, the frequency of H2 with @entity2204 epsilon4 was 0.85 in European-Americans but only 0.55 in African-Americans (P < 0.001). The frequency of H2 with @entity2204 epsilon3 was 0.02 in European-Americans and 0.08 in African-Americans (P < 0.001). African-American @entity2204 epsilon3/epsilon3 carriers of @entity45925 H2 had 19% lower fasting @entity412 levels than H1 homozygotes (P = 0.03) along with 18% higher HDL- @entity165 levels (P = 0.02). @entity755 levels were 21% lower (P = 0.002). H2-allelic reporter-gene constructions showed 50% higher expression in transient transfection studies. We localized the source of this difference in expression to the CGTT insertion itself. Deletion studies of the H1 allele showed a negative transcriptional effect of the polymorphic region. An H1 oligodeoxynucleotide showed specific binding of a @entity157 -cell nuclear protein not evident with an H2 oligodeoxynucleotide. The H2 sequence may decrease the binding of a negatively acting transcription factor, leading to overexpression of @entity45925 . This may produce a functional effect on lipoprotein levels but confirmation is needed in other populations.

title: A common Hpa I RFLP of apolipoprotein C-I increases gene transcription and exhibits an ethnically distinct pattern of linkage disequilibrium with the alleles of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1755 ( @entity1028 ) is associated with inhibition of systemic fibrinolysis. Hypofibrinolysis is a risk factor for @entity296 , one of the commonest complications of @entity1755 repair. @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) is one of the most sensitive and specific marker of @entity296 currently available. OBJECTIVE: To examine, for the first time, the relationship between fibrinolytic activity and @entity296 in @entity1 operated for @entity1755 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 of median age 74, range 65-86 years) undergoing repair of @entity1755 were prospectively studied. Plasma @entity3479 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) activity were measured pre-operatively, immediately before and five minutes following aortic clamp release. Serum @entity6949 was measured pre-operatively, 6 and 24 h following clamp release. Results @entity6949 was detectable at one or more sample points in 13 (65%) @entity1 , and in 7 out of 8 @entity1 who suffered major @entity299 . There was a significant negative correlation between pre-operative @entity3479 activity and @entity6949 before operation (r =-0.55, p = 0.01) and 6 h ( r =-0.51, p =0.02) after clamp release. There was a significant positive correlation between pre-operative PAI activity and @entity6949 before operation (r =+0.50, p =0.03), 6 h ( r =+0.47, p =0.04) and 24 h ( r =+0.50, p =0.03) after clamp release. There was no correlation between pre- and intra-operative @entity551 or blood transfusion requirement and @entity6949 release. CONCLUSIONS: Hypofibrinolysis during @entity1755 repair is associated with the development of peri-operative @entity296 . The causal mechanisms underlying this state are not clear but treatment of this prothrombotic/hypofibrinolytic diathesis may help to limit @entity296 .

title: @entity296 and systemic fibrinolysis in @entity1 undergoing repair of XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic myocardial injury', 'myocardial injury', 'myocardial cell necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA', 'ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'Cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4021 ( @entity4021 ) is an acute, febrile, and contagious @entity10970 affecting cloven-hoofed animals. Some animals may become persistent infected carriers when they contact @entity4021 virus (FMDV), and persistent infected animals are a dangerous factor to cause @entity4021 outbreak. FINDINGS: 300 OP (oesophageal-pharyngeal) fluid samples were collected from @entity291 without clinic symptom after one month @entity4021 circulated in 2010 in China. A FMDV strain was isolated when a positive OP sample was passed in BHK21 cell line. The strain, named O/ @entity12289 /2010/33-OP, was detected to be O/Myanmar/1998 lineage with VP1 DNA sequence comparison. In order to testify its infectivity, two @entity291 were challenged with OP fluid and three @entity1707 were put into the same pen for direct contact @entity281 . The result showed that one of the @entity291 and one of the @entity1707 appeared @entity4021 clinic symptoms respectively. Furthermore, two @entity291 (three @entity1707 were also put into the same pen for direct contact @entity281 ) and three @entity1707 were inoculated with O/ @entity12289 /2010/33-OP cell passaged strain. The result showed that one of the challenged @entity1707 appeared @entity4021 clinic symptoms. Two @entity291 and three @entity1707 in the same pen did not appeared @entity4021 clinic symptoms, but the sera antibody and their OP fluid of two @entity291 were positive. Meanwhile, the spinal cords of three @entity1707 in the same pen with two @entity291 were positive detected with multiplex- RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: The persistent @entity281 strain O/ @entity12289 /2010/33-OP has infectivity and pathogenicity to @entity291 and @entity1707 , and infected @entity291 may transmit the virus to @entity1707 although its virulence was lower than the circulated strain O/ @entity12289 /Mya98/2010.

title: The infectivity and pathogenicity of a @entity4021 virus persistent XXXX strain from oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid of a Chinese @entity291 in 2010.

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['Foot-and mouth disease', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity10970 :: ('MESH:D012872', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The @entity8371 pathway has long been associated with @entity6 . @entity413 is converted to @entity5121 with the aid of the enzyme @entity3650 reductase. @entity3650 reductase inhibitors can prevent changes induced by @entity6 . A total of 30 @entity1 with minimal background @entity989 were randomly divided into a ponalrestat-taking group and a placebo-taking group. All were followed for 6 months and twenty-three were followed for 12 months. The baseline microaneurysm count was 2.6 +/- 1.9 (mean +/- SD) for the @entity5120 group and 3.5 +/- 2.9 for the placebo group. At 6 months the counts were 3.1 +/- 3.5 and 2.9 +/- 3.6 and after 12 months 3.0 +/- 4.1 and 2.9 +/- 3.4. There is no statistically significant difference between the groups at 0, 6 or 12 months of study. The change in @entity989 severity level did not significantly differ between the two groups at either 6 or 12 months. Ponalrestat administration at a dosage of 600 mg daily for 12 months has no significant effect on the course of minimal @entity989 in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: The effects of an @entity3650 reductase inhibitor on the progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity5120 :: ('MESH:C042829', 'Chemical') :: ['ponalrestat']

entities_list: @entity3650 :: ('CHEBI:15693', 'Chemical') :: ['aldose', 'Aldose']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Results from early studies on sacral nerve stimulation are based on a stimulation electrode lead that was placed under direct vision during an open surgical procedure. A percutaneous inserted lead, introduced in 2002, is now widely used. This study was designed to investigate differences in clinical efficacy and adverse complications between the two methods of lead placement. METHODS: Prospectively collected data were analyzed for 48 @entity1 who had undergone permanent sacral nerve stimulation for @entity1241 at a single institution between 1997 and 2006. Eighteen @entity1 had undergone open lead placement (Group 1) and 30 @entity1 percutaneous lead placement (Group 2). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 51 (range, 22-106) months for Group 1 and 8 (range, 1-40) months for Group 2 @entity1 . There was no difference in @entity1 demographics, severity of @entity322 , or physiologic parameters between the two groups. Lead type did not affect the outcome of chronic stimulation with reductions in total episodes of @entity322 being similar between the two groups (P = 0.448). No difference in @entity281 or lead dislocation rate between the two groups was identified. CONCLUSIONS: The percutaneously inserted lead seems to be equal to the open inserted lead in terms of clinical efficacy and complication rate in the short-term.

title: Comparison of clinical outcome between open and percutaneous lead insertion for permanent sacral nerve neurostimulation for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: During pregnancy, the fetus is an hemiallograft perfectly tolerated by the mother. With the aim of elucidating the mechanism of this tolerance, we have looked to see whether lymphocyte subsets are modified by pregnancy. Using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, we have studied the changes in the immune profile of normal pregnant @entity1 and compared them with non pregnant @entity1 . In pregnant @entity1 , a significant decrease in the percentage of CD3+ cells is observed in the first trimester (61.1 +/- 14.7% versus 73.8 +/- 6.8%; p less than 0.001). The same data are obtained for @entity404 + cells (38.2 +/- 10.7% versus 44.0 +/- 7.0%; p less than 0.05) and @entity405 + cells (22.8 +/- 5.6% versus 28.0 +/- 8.9%; p less than 0.05). On the other hand, B lymphocytes (CD19+), monocytes (Leu M3+) and natural killer (NK) cells (Leu7+) remain stable during pregnancy. @entity1453 + cells decreased during the 1st and 2nd trimesters. Lastly, activated T lymphocytes (CD3+DR+, @entity405 +DR+) are not modified. Using absolute numbers, a significant decrease is shown only for CD3+ cells in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and for @entity1453 + cells in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. The decrease of T lymphocyte subsets, NK and @entity1453 + cells during pregnancy partially explains the tolerance for the fetus.

title: [Study of the immune profile of pregnant XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The prevalence and incidence of @entity2973 or even obese @entity1 and adolescents is significantly on the increase worldwide. According to the German @entity1 and Adolescent Health Survey (KIGGS) conducted in 2006, 15% of all @entity1 and adolescents in Germany aged 3 through 17 years are @entity2973 , and 6.3% of these @entity1 and adolescents are obese. On account of the long-term consequences, such as the @entity209 , it can be expected that this "crisis in public health" will lead to a significantly higher expenditure of economic resources in the health care sector. Therefore it is important that public health prevention strategies analyse the key causes of @entity2973 and @entity28 , and that they not only incorporate individual behaviours regarding nutrition and physical activity, but also take environmental factors, such as the residential area and traffic situation, as well as political circumstances regarding the nutrition and social aspects, into account. Even though the definition of body-mass index (BMI) has been widely accepted, the epidemiological data and the drawn percentiles are in need of a solid interpretation. There are several causes for the rising prevalence in @entity2973 and @entity28 which are currently being focused on and discussed. On the individual level, the focus is on the genetic disposition and the changes in the behaviour regarding nutrition and physical exercise. Additional key influential factors like the increase in urbanisation and motorisation, the respective changes in the living environment of @entity1 and their families, and migration with its specific biosocial and cultural implications are discussed from the environmental and sociomedical, as well as the public health perspective. The article concludes with a discussion on the consequences of effective prevention strategies with reference to the Cochrane analysis from 2005. In order to be effective and successful, interventions for the prevention of @entity2973 and @entity28 have to look at the structures and the environment of the @entity1 , as well as at the behavioural aspects of the individual. Such elements will be outlined based on the German "Platform Physical Activity and Nutrition".

title: Overweight and XXXX in childhood--a special challenge for public health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Psychosocial variables have been identified as important predictors of outcome in @entity1 with @entity662 . Most attention has focused on @entity1 with @entity299 or those in outpatient settings. This paper compares focuses on inpatients, and compares @entity1 with @entity299 to those with non-specific @entity662 . METHOD: A search of the literature on @entity662 and @entity146 from 1972 onwards using Medicine, Index Medicus and the bibliographies of retrieved articles. RESULTS: One-third of @entity1 admitted with acute @entity662 have @entity146 as measured by standardised interviews. @entity1 who have had @entity146 prior to admission and those with non-specific @entity158 appear to be most at risk of continuing @entity146 morbidity. In @entity1 with @entity299 , @entity146 on admission are more strongly related to subsequent social outcome than variables such as severity of @entity1188 or the presence of @entity951 . Psychiatric symptoms may also effect physical morbidity and possibly mortality, although further research is required to clarify the latter finding. In @entity1 with nonspecific @entity158 , further research is indicated to identify aetiological and maintaining factors for continued non-specific @entity158 . There is, however, a strong association with @entity167 and cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: The prediction of outcome requires careful assessment of previous or current @entity146 in @entity1 admitted with @entity662 , irrespective of underlying diagnosis. Early intervention with psychological treatment for @entity1 with non-specific @entity662 is indicated; this may also involve help to reduce smoking. There is also further evidence that mortality following @entity583 is closely linked to @entity146 , although prior @entity146 may be more important than 'post- @entity1188 ' @entity308 . Larger and more methodologically rigorous studies are required to further clarify these findings.

title: The relationship between admission to hospital with @entity662 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric symptoms', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart diseases', 'ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Systemic chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, the standard treatments, do not satisfactorily improve the poor prognosis of unresectable @entity788 . The authors administered arterial infusion of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) combined with concurrent radiation therapy to enhance the antitumor effect of chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of this combined therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One or two catheters were placed into the pancreas-supplying arteries angiographically. To obtain adequate drug distribution, the positions of the catheters were determined in accordance with the results of CT during arterial injection of contrast material. A dose of 333 mg/m2/d of @entity1487 was continuously infused for 5 days a week for 5 weeks, with concurrent radiation therapy (50 Gy at 2.0 Gy per fraction). Twenty @entity1 with unresectable @entity788 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Of the 20 @entity1 , 19 (95%) completed the scheduled course of this combined therapy. Fourteen @entity1 showed a partial response (response rate, 70%). Serum cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels were reduced by more than 50% in 16 of 18 @entity1 (80%). The 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 40% and 17%, respectively, with a median survival time of 11.0 months. Grade 3 or worse nonhematologic @entity137 was observed in 11 @entity1 (55%), but there were no life-threatening @entity137 or complications. CONCLUSION: Arterial infusion of @entity1487 combined with concurrent radiation therapy is tolerable and can produce a high response rate with encouraging survival duration for unresectable @entity788 .

title: Arterial infusion of @entity1487 combined with concurrent radiotherapy for unresectable XXXX : results from a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the time from symptom onset to institutionalization in @entity1 with young-onset @entity303 (YOD) and compare these findings with late-onset @entity303 (LOD), and to determine which factors predict institutionalization in @entity1 with YOD compared with LOD. DESIGN/SETTING: Longitudinal study of community-dwelling @entity1 with YOD and LOD and their caregivers. @entity1 : A total of 226 @entity1 with YOD and 102 with LOD and their informal caregivers were recruited through memory clinics and health care facilities. MEASUREMENTS: Cox proportional hazard models were used to relate covariates with time to institutionalization. The main outcome was time from symptom onset to institutionalization. Key predictors were cohort (YOD or LOD), @entity146 , @entity147 caused by @entity146 , and caregivers' sense of competence (Short Sense of Competence Questionnaire total score). RESULTS: The time from symptom onset to institutionalization was nearly 9 years for @entity1 with YOD compared with approximately 4 years for @entity1 with LOD. In the YOD group, apathy significantly predicted time of institutionalization. Furthermore, the caregiver's competence in caring for the @entity1 with @entity303 significantly predicted institutionalization in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with YOD are cared for at home for a longer period than @entity1 with LOD. The results of this study underline the importance of a timely diagnosis for these @entity1 and their families to facilitate the initiation of appropriate care and support. Support programs aimed at enhancing the caregivers' sense of competence and ability to deal with @entity146 , especially apathy, may postpone the institutionalization of the @entity1 .

title: Predictors of the time to institutionalization in young- versus late-onset @entity303 : results from the Needs in Young Onset XXXX (NeedYD) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['caregiver distress']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Since @entity11 ( @entity11 ) depend on matrix metalloproteinases for @entity5 cell invasion and angiogenesis, we undertook this phase II study to evaluate the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor @entity21297 (MT), combined with the alkylator @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) in @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 , looking for improved outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were treated every 28 days with @entity2904 at 150-200 mg/m2 once daily on days 1-5 and MT at 25 mg twice daily on days 8-28. Results were compared to our database of anaplastic @entity11 @entity1 treated at recurrence. A subanalysis of the relationship between MT-induced joint-related @entity137 and anticonvulsant status was carried out. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 were enrolled; all were assessable for @entity137 , and 46 were included in the efficacy analysis. Joint and muscle complaints occurred in 32 @entity1 (65%); 1 @entity1 was removed from the study due to @entity137 . The best protocol response was a complete response in 1 @entity1 and a partial response in 2 @entity1 (3/46=7%, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1, 18). Median time to progression was 24 weeks (95% CI=16, 56), and the progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 48% at 6 months (95% CI=35%, 65%), which surpassed the protocol objective of 40%. Sub-analysis showed a positive impact of joint-related @entity137 due to MT on PFS whether or not @entity1 were taking CYP450 enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants. CONCLUSIONS: Even though this regimen is more efficacious than our comparator of historical controls in recurrent @entity11 , the regimen was roughly equivalent to single-agent @entity2904 and was associated with additional @entity137 . The sub-analysis suggests pharmacokinetic and drug-drug interactions which may positively impact responses to MT.

title: Phase II trial of XXXX plus @entity21297 for recurrent @entity11 : a relationship among efficacy, joint @entity137 and anticonvulsant status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['AG', 'glioma', 'anaplastic gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity21297 :: ('MESH:C100342', 'Chemical') :: ['marimastat']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery is the principal alternative to microsurgical resection for @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ). The goals of radiosurgery are the long-term prevention of @entity5 growth, maintenance of neurologic function, and prevention of new @entity51 . Although acceptable short-term outcomes have been reported, long-term outcomes have not been well documented. METHODS: We evaluated 162 consecutive @entity1 who underwent radiosurgery for @entity5513 between 1987 and 1992 by means of serial imaging tests, clinical evaluations, and a survey between 5 and 10 years after the procedure. The average dose of radiation to the @entity5 margin was 16 Gy, and the mean transverse diameter of the @entity5 was 22 mm (range, 8 to 39). Resection had been performed previously in 42 @entity1 (26 percent); in 13 @entity1 the @entity5 represented a recurrence of disease after a previous total resection. Facial function was normal in 76 percent of the @entity1 before radiosurgery, and 20 percent had useful hearing. RESULTS: The rate of @entity5 control (with no resection required) was 98 percent. One @entity5 (62 percent) became smaller, 53 (33 percent) remained unchanged in size, and 9 (6 percent) became slightly larger. Resection was performed in four @entity1 (2 percent) within four years after radiosurgery. Normal facial function was preserved in 79 percent of the @entity1 after five years (House-Brackmann grade 1), and normal trigeminal function was preserved in 73 percent. Fifty-one percent of the @entity1 had no change in hearing ability. No new @entity51 appeared more than 28 months after radiosurgery. An outcomes questionnaire was returned by 115 @entity1 (77 percent of the 149 @entity1 still living). Fifty-four of these @entity1 (47 percent) were employed at the time of radiosurgery, and 37 (69 percent) remained so. Radiosurgery was believed to have been successful by all 30 @entity1 who had undergone surgery previously and by 81 (95 percent) of the 85 who had not. Thirty-six of the 115 @entity1 (31 percent) described at least one complication, which resolved in 56 percent of those cases. CONCLUSIONS: Radiosurgery can provide long-term control of @entity5513 while preserving neurologic function.

title: Long-term outcomes after radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hundred tumors']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'vestibular schwannomas']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuromas']


abstract: Plasma @entity2922 concentration and @entity1423 were studied in 22 @entity1 with uncomplicated primary @entity101 and 13 age-matched normotensive, healthy subjects at rest and in some during isometric handgrip exercise. The effect of @entity1063 (NE) infusion upon @entity1423 was also examined. Plasma @entity2922 concentration was slightly higher in the @entity101 than the normotensive group, but the difference was not significant. However, @entity1423 to @entity857 was significantly greater in the @entity101 than the normotensive subjects. Exercise increased significantly both @entity2661 and aggregation in both groups. Platelet aggregation was correlated with age (r = 0.62, P less than 0.01) and plasma NE (r = -0.34, P less than 0.05 for the total group of subjects). The infusion of NE increased significantly plasma NE and @entity1423 and there was an inverse correlation between NE increase and threshold decrease (r = -0.69, P less than 0.05). Thus, plasma @entity2661 and important determinants of @entity1423 . However, in our study, uncomplicated primary @entity101 was not associated with abnormal plasma @entity2922 concentration. It is likely that the observed abnormal @entity1423 to @entity857 represents a secondary phenomenon, possibly related to more advanced atherosclerotic vascular changes in @entity101 than normotensive subjects.

title: Platelet aggregation in relationship to plasma @entity2661 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'platelet aggregability']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) amounts to a heavy burden for health services. There is no long-running epidemiological tool for @entity740 before dialysis. We here present the protocol for a cohort of @entity1 with "non-dialysis" @entity740 receiving care in the Bourgogne-Franche- @entity5549   region of France. The aim of this cohort was to periodically describe the characteristics of @entity1 included and their care provision, to analyse evolution in care and @entity1 ' kidney function outcomes. METHODS: The ND-CRIS cohort is prevalent and incident. @entity1 are included in the cohort if over 18, with a glomerula filtration rate (GFR) <60  ml/min/1.73  m2, non-dialysed, informed on the research and not having opposed it, and followed by a nephrologist in one of the 9 centres in the region, (3 pilot centres joined by 6 others in 2015). All the @entity1 are followed up, with varying time lapses according to the degree of @entity1168 . Data is collected by clinical research assistants (CRAs) using a dedicated computerised @entity7495 ( @entity7495 ). Professional practices are assessed using indicators defined by the French Health Authority. The follow-up of @entity1 included should enable assessment of the evolution of their GFR and co-morbidities. The periodic descriptions should give insight into evolution in epidemiological terms. DISCUSSION: The ND-CRIS meets a need in epidemiological tools in France for @entity740 . The cohort does claim to be representative, of ND- @entity740 @entity1 receiving care from nephrologists. The open and incident nature of the cohort and the number of @entity1 included in the ND-CRIS should provide answers to questions that cannot be answered by smaller solely prevalent cohorts. The numbers of @entity1 included over the study period (2391 @entity1 in 3 centres in 3  years) suggests that the figure of 5000 @entity1 should be reached by 2017. The participation of nephrologists and the rate of inclusions point to the feasibility of the implementation of this cohort. Beyond the information to be found in the CRFs, this cohort should also enable ad hoc studies, in particular in the area of pharmaco-epidemiology, and it could later serve as a research platform and as a public health surveillance tool.

title: The Non-Dialysis XXXX study (ND-CRIS): an open prospective hospital-based cohort study in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['case-report form', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['GFR deterioration']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Renal Insufficiency']


abstract: One hundred forty-six @entity1 with recurrent @entity293 were treated with 500 mg. of @entity56047 twice daily for seven to fourteen days. Satisfactory clinical response occurred in 94 per cent. Of the 100 @entity1 with significant pretherapy @entity793 (greater than or equal to 10(4) organisms/ml. of urine), 65 had complicated @entity281 . Approximately the same per cent of @entity1 with (90 per cent) as without (94 per cent) complicating conditions had a satisfactory clinical response to treatment. The pathogen was eliminated in a higher percentage of @entity1 without underlying disease (90 versus 80 per cent), and @entity281 recurred less frequently in this group (3 versus 14 per cent). Emergence of resistance by initially susceptible organisms during the course of therapy occurred in 4 of 76 @entity1 (5 per cent). A satisfactory clinical response occurred in all 46 @entity1 with an initial colony count of less than 10(4) organisms/ml. urine. Only 1 @entity1 in this group was a bacteriologic failure. Adverse effects of a relatively wild nature were seen in 4 of 146 @entity1 (2.7 per cent). Successful eradication of 12 of 23 @entity293 in @entity1 whose pathogens were resistant to the 30-microgram. cinoxacin disk suggests that the 100-microgram. disk may be more realistic for determining bacterial susceptibility by the disk diffusion method in view of the very high urinary concentration of the drug.

title: XXXX : new antimicrobial agent for @entity293 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity56047 :: ('MESH:D002937', 'Chemical') :: ['cinoxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'urinary infections']

answer: @entity56047 :: (MESH:D002937,Chemical) :: ['Cinoxacin']


abstract: @entity11179 is an axial and/or peripheral @entity625 associated with @entity1569 , included in the group of spondylarthritides. It has been suggested that @entity11179 could be a @entity262 , involving even coronary arteries and the heart. An increased prevalence of vascular risk factors has been found in @entity11179 subjects as compared with the general population and psoriatic subjects. Moreover, @entity11179 @entity1 exhibit an increased prevalence of @entity1560 , a marker of @entity209 , and of @entity28 . Interestingly, many reports demonstrate that adipose tissue is metabolically active, representing a source of inflammatory mediators, known as adipokines. The latter include @entity310 , macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), @entity650 , leptin and @entity1254 , leading to a pro-inflammatory status in @entity28 subjects. This evidence supports the idea of @entity28 as a low-grade inflammatory disease. Accordingly, @entity28 might be associated with some @entity627 . In particular, it seems to affect several features of @entity11179 , such as its development, cardiovascular risk and clinical outcome. Recent data suggest that increased BMI in early adulthood increases the risk of @entity11179 development in psoriatic @entity1 , supporting a link between fat-mediated @entity32 and joint involvement. @entity28 may represent an additive cardio-metabolic risk factor in @entity11179 subjects. @entity1144 may also determine an increased risk of not achieving minimal disease activity in @entity11179 @entity1 , highlighting the role of abdominal fat accumulation as a negative predictor of good clinical response to biologic agents. This review assesses the relationship between @entity28 and @entity11179 according to the available literature.

title: XXXX and psoriatic arthritis: from pathogenesis to clinical outcome and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: Immunohistochemical methods were utilized to systematically map the distribution of @entity3317 -releasing-factor-like immunoreactivity (CRF- @entity3162 ) in the diencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon of two monkey species ( @entity11420 and @entity5434 ). A primary antiserum directed against the @entity1 form of the peptide was utilized. Immunoreactive neuronal perikarya and processes were evident in numerous areas, and the distributions of these elements were similar for the two species. As previously reported for @entity35 , monkeys, and @entity1 , intense immunoreactivity was evident in putative hypophyseal neurons in the parvicellular component of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and in fibers extending from this area into the median eminence. The results for other brainstem regions, most of which have been previously examined for CRF- @entity3162 only in @entity35 , indicate that many similarities exist between @entity35 and monkeys in the distribution of this peptide in @entity528 , although substantial differences are also evident. For example, immunoreactive perikarya previously observed in other hypothalamic nuclei in @entity35 were not evident in monkeys. Conversely, in monkeys, unlike @entity35 , labeled perikarya were evident in several thalamic nuclei, especially in the intralaminar complex. Also, two large groups of immunoreactive neurons which have generally not been observed in @entity35 studies were present in the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. In the mesencephalon this consisted of a group of neurons just lateral to the mesencephalic tegmentum, extending throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the midbrain. In the rhombencephalon, labeled perikarya were observed throughout the inferior olive. Some of the differences between @entity35 and monkeys in the locations of labeled perikarya may be due to differences in antiserum specificity and/or sensitivity, or they may result from the fact that @entity3812 pretreatment was not utilized in the present study. The distributions of immunoreactive fibers also exhibited similarities and differences between monkeys and @entity35 . The most striking terminal fields observed in the present study which have not been previously described are a moderate-to-dense field within and adjacent to presumed @entity935 -containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, a dense innervation of certain subdivisions of the interpeduncular nucleus, and a regionally and parasagittally organized distribution of fibers in the Purkinje cell and molecular layers of the cerebellar cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Distribution of XXXX -releasing-factor-like immunoreactivity in brainstem of two monkey species ( @entity11420 and @entity5434 ): an immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['corticotropin']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem extrahypophyseal neuronal circuits']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity11420 :: ('9521', 'Species') :: ['Saimiri sciureus']

answer: @entity3317 :: (MESH:D000324,Chemical) :: ['corticotropin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review computed tomographic (CT) findings in @entity1 with surgically proved portal venous (PV) @entity715 or @entity1463 and to correlate these findings with the surgical procedure used at orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 379 OLTs, PV @entity715 or @entity1463 was found at surgery in 39 @entity1 (10.3%). Before OLT, surgical records and CT images were retrospectively reviewed in 35 @entity1 with available CT studies. Diameter of the extrahepatic PV and patency of the PV system were evaluated. Cavernous transformation, calcifications of the venous wall or @entity715 , lesions suggestive of @entity5 , mesenteric varices, @entity4 , or splenorenal shunt were recorded. A nonpaired Student t test and the Fisher exact test were used to analyze the results. RESULTS: Of 35 @entity1 , 23 (66%) underwent thrombectomy with direct PV-to-PV @entity254 and 12 (34%) had placement of venous grafts or other anastomoses. The extrahepatic PV was 8.2 mm, but it significantly (P < or = .05) decreased in @entity1 with splenorenal shunt. In 30 @entity1 , CT depicted @entity715 , @entity729 , or other abnormalities. The @entity715 extended to or beyond the confluence of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins in 21 (60%) and 11 (31%) @entity1 , respectively. Eleven @entity1 (31%) had cavernous transformation of the PV; eight (23%), a @entity1211 ; 19 (54%), a splenorenal shunt; 11 (31%), @entity729 ; 17 (49%), mesenteric @entity4 ; 14 (40%), mesenteric varices. @entity1 with a cordlike or calcified PV were significantly (P < or = .05) more likely to require modification of the surgical technique. CONCLUSION: Before OLT, CT can aid in assessment of PV and associated findings and in surgical management.

title: Portal venous thrombosis or XXXX in liver transplantation candidates: preoperative CT findings and correlation with surgical procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['PV calcification']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['cordlike sclerotic PV']

answer: @entity1463 :: (MESH:D012598,Disease) :: ['sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A @entity1 transfused with two pooled platelet concentrates became breathless. Bilateral infiltrates were seen on chest X-ray. A diagnosis of @entity647 ( @entity647 ) was made. The @entity1 received 100% @entity26 and recovered after 5 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibody screening, cross-matching for granulocyte and lymphocyte antibodies and typing for granulocyte antigens was undertaken. RESULTS: The @entity1 typed as HNA-1b/HNA-1b. Granulocyte and lymphocyte antibodies were not detected in the patient's serum or in any of the donor sera by cross-match. In antibody screening against typed panel granulocytes, complement-fixing anti-HNA-1a IgM antibodies were detected in the serum of one female donor. Two of the other donors who contributed to the pooled platelet concentrate containing the HNA-1a IgM antibodies typed as HNA-1a/HNA-1b. CONCLUSION: Anti-HNA-1a IgM antibodies may have formed immune complexes with white cell fragments or soluble @entity4071 from HNA-1a+ donors in the pooled platelet concentrate and initiated @entity647 .

title: Transfusion-related XXXX associated with interdonor incompatibility for the neutrophil-specific antigen HNA-1a.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['transfusion-related acute lung injury', 'TRALI']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']