abstract: The objective of this paper was to compare the efficacy, acceptability, safety, and @entity548 pattern of TCu 380A intrauterine device (IUD) and @entity1420 -releasing vaginal ring used by breastfeeding @entity1 . The study population included 97 breastfeeding @entity1 using IUD and 100 @entity1 using vaginal ring. Of the IUD users, no insertion failure, perforation, or accidental pregnancy occurred in 12 months. There was one IUD expulsion. There were no discontinuations of IUD due to medical reasons other than expulsion. The total discontinuation rate was 2.3%. In the ring group, no accidental pregnancy occurred. The major reasons for discontinuation were ring use-related problems and vaginal problems. The total discontinuation rate was 65.4% within 1 year. The frequency of any one complaint among the ring users was higher than that among the IUD users. There were no differences in the proportion of @entity1 having no sexual activity and in the weight of their babies between the two groups. Compared with the IUD users, the median number of @entity548 /spotting (B/S) episodes and B/S days of the vaginal ring users were fewer; consequently, the mean length of B/S-free interval was longer in all four reference periods; the mean length of B/S episode and segment were the same; the occurrence of @entity2588 was more frequent; in contrast, the proportions of normal @entity548 patterns were fewer. The frequencies of prolonged @entity548 , frequent @entity548 , and infrequent @entity548 patterns did not differ between the two groups. The percentage of irregular @entity548 was fewer only in the first two reference periods. It is concluded that the TCu 380A IUD and @entity1420 -releasing vaginal ring used by breastfeeding @entity1 are safe and effective. The higher discontinuation rate of the ring users was mainly because of use-related problems. Breastfeeding @entity1 with TCu 380A IUD had better tolerance and acceptability. The TCu 380A IUD does not, but the @entity1420 -releasing vaginal ring does, suppress the recovery of ovarian function. However, once return of menstruation occurred, there were no differences in @entity548 patterns between the two contraceptive methods.

title: The comparative trial of TCu 380A IUD and XXXX -releasing vaginal ring used by lactating @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate the clinical applicability of advanced machine learning models that simultaneously predict multiple optimization objective function weights from @entity1 geometry for intensity-modulated radiation therapy of @entity263 . METHODS: A previously developed inverse optimization method was applied retrospectively to determine optimal objective function weights for 315 treated @entity1 . The authors used an overlap volume ratio (OV) of bladder and rectum for different @entity343 expansions and overlap volume histogram slopes (OVSR and OVSB for the rectum and bladder, respectively) as explanatory variables that quantify @entity1 geometry. Using the optimal weights as ground truth, the authors trained and applied three prediction models: logistic regression (LR), multinomial logistic regression (MLR), and weighted K-nearest neighbor (KNN). The population average of the optimal objective function weights was also calculated. RESULTS: The OV at 0.4 cm and OVSR at 0.1 cm features were found to be the most predictive of the weights. The authors observed comparable performance (i.e., no statistically significant difference) between LR, MLR, and KNN methodologies, with LR appearing to perform the best. All three machine learning models outperformed the population average by a statistically significant amount over a range of clinical metrics including bladder/rectum V53Gy, bladder/rectum V70Gy, and dose to the bladder, rectum, CTV, and @entity343 . When comparing the weights directly, the LR model predicted bladder and rectum weights that had, on average, a 73% and 74% relative improvement over the population average weights, respectively. The treatment plans resulting from the LR weights had, on average, a rectum V70Gy that was 35% closer to the clinical plan and a bladder V70Gy that was 29% closer, compared to the population average weights. Similar results were observed for all other clinical metrics. CONCLUSIONS: The authors demonstrated that the KNN and MLR weight prediction methodologies perform comparably to the LR model and can produce clinical quality treatment plans by simultaneously predicting multiple weights that capture trade-offs associated with sparing multiple OARs.

title: Models for predicting objective function weights in XXXX IMRT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 , or @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), is increasingly common throughout the world. The World Health Organization has predicted that between 1997 and 2025, the number of @entity6 will double from 143 million to about 300 million. The incidence of @entity2175 is highest in economically developed nations, particularly the U.S., where approximately 6.5% of the population (17 million @entity1 ) have either diagnosed or undiagnosed @entity6 . The two most important factors contributing to the development of @entity2175 are @entity28 and physical inactivity. The leading cause of mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity2175 is @entity65 caused by macro- and @entity528 . Current therapies for @entity2175 focus primarily on @entity353 . Indeed, several investigations indicate that 65% to 75% of cases of @entity6 in Caucasians could be avoided if individuals in this subgroup did not exceed their ideal weight. The success of this approach has been, at best, modest. An alternate approach to the control of @entity164 2 @entity6 is to arrest the progress of the pathology until a cure has been found. To this end, some investigators suggest that dietary antioxidants may be of value. Several studies in @entity1 and laboratory animals with @entity2175 indicate that @entity270 and @entity12837 supplements lessen the impact of oxidative damage caused by dysregulation of @entity413 metabolism. In this brief review, we discuss the incidence, etiology, and current therapies for @entity2175 and further explore the usefulness of dietary antioxidants in treating this disorder.

title: Use of antioxidant nutrients in the prevention and treatment of type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus', 'NIDDM']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['lipoic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to determine the incidence of second @entity5 (SMNs) in @entity1 treated for @entity3969 and demonstrate how the incidence varied with the initial treatment protocol. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between October 1969 and December 1991, 5,278 assessable @entity1 were enrolled onto the National @entity3969 Study (NWTS) and by the end of 1993 had contributed 39,461 @entity1 -years to a follow-up study. Expected numbers of second @entity5 were calculated by applying national incidence rates to @entity1 -years classified by age, sex, and calendar year. RESULTS: Forty-three SMNs were observed, whereas only 5.1 were expected (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 8.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1 to 11.4). Fifteen years after the @entity3969 diagnosis, the cumulative incidence of a SMN was 1.6% and increasing steadily. Abdominal irradiation received as part of the initial therapy increased the risk of a SMN (SIR, 1.43/10 Gy; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.81). @entity632 potentiated the radiation effect. Among 234 @entity1 who received @entity632 and greater than 35 Gy of abdominal radiation, eight SMNs were observed, whereas only 0.22 were expected (SIR, 36; 95% CI, 16 to 72). Treatment for relapse further increased the SMN risk by a factor of 4 to 5. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the importance of current efforts to limit the use of intensive chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which are now applied only to @entity1 with the most @entity146 . Continuing close surveillance of the great majority of @entity3969 @entity1 who become long-term survivors is essential for early diagnosis of SMNs and other late sequelae of therapy.

title: Second XXXX following treatment for @entity3969 : a report from the National @entity3969 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' Tumor", "Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Analysis of 52 eyes with high-risk @entity995 managed with postenucleation adjuvant chemotherapy using @entity1891 , @entity20311 , and @entity3003 showed no evidence of systemic @entity3 in any case during a mean (range) follow-up of 66 (12-202) months. PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of postenucleation adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1891 , @entity2879 , and @entity3003 in the prevention of @entity3 for @entity1 with high-risk @entity995 . METHODS: Retrospective, nonrandomized, interventional case series of 52 eyes in 51 @entity1 with high-risk @entity995 consisting of @entity5 invasion into the anterior segment, posterior uvea 3 mm or greater, postlaminar optic nerve, or any combination of posterior uvea and optic nerve involvement. RESULTS: Of 51 consecutive @entity1 with high-risk @entity995 , there were 30 males (59%) and 21 females (41%), with a median age of 28 months at diagnosis. All 52 eyes were classified as group E. The main histopathologic risk factors included @entity1347 (7 [13%]), isolated massive posterior uveal invasion of 3 mm or greater (6 [12%]), isolated postlaminar optic nerve invasion (15 [29%]), or any posterior uveal invasion with any optic nerve involvement (24 [46%]). There was additional invasion into the sclera (3 [6%]) and extrascleral structures, including the orbit (1 [2%]). A single histopathologic high-risk factor was present in 32 eyes (62%), whereas 20 eyes (38%) manifested 2 or more high-risk characteristics. Based on previously published series, untreated high-risk @entity995 carries at least a 24% risk for @entity3 . In the present series, using @entity1891 , @entity2879 , and @entity3003 in all cases, there was no @entity3 during a mean follow-up of 66 months (median [range], 55 [12-202] months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity995 with invasion into the postlaminar optic nerve and/or posterior uvea is at high risk for @entity3 and @entity204 . In this study, postenucleation chemotherapy using @entity1891 , @entity2879 , and @entity3003 was effective in preventing @entity3 in every case (100%).

title: Postenucleation adjuvant chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity2879 , and @entity3003 for the treatment of high-risk @entity995 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment invasion']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine', 'vincristine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity20311 :: ('MESH:C061400', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: @entity4481 is gaining popularity in the perioperative period for its usefulness in treating @entity9 and its apparent opioid- sparing effect. The present report describes the perioperative course of three @entity1 who received @entity4481 and experienced significant @entity1576 in the postoperative period. All three @entity1 consented to the report and publication of the present case series. The first @entity1 was elderly with borderline @entity8 . She experienced @entity1576 in the immediate postoperative period following a craniotomy for @entity5 excision. The second @entity1 presented with severe @entity1576 12 h after receiving a spinal anesthetic for joint replacement, and was later found to have clinically significant @entity27 . The third @entity1 , who was an otherwise healthy elderly individual on @entity1245 for @entity148 , experienced @entity1576 in the postanesthesia care unit after an uneventful anesthesia for lumbar spine decompression. All of these @entity1 were treated successfully with standard resuscitation measures. Although other causes of @entity1576 in these @entity1 were considered, there appears to be an association between @entity4481 and this complication. The present article briefly reviews the evidence regarding the perioperative use of @entity4481 . Based on the authors' experience and the available evidence, they believe that @entity4481 may be useful in the management of acute @entity158 in carefully selected @entity1 undergoing certain surgeries. A clinical algorithm has been developed to guide the perioperative use of @entity4481 . This algorithm may be helpful in increasing the safety of perioperative @entity4481 use.

title: Postoperative XXXX with @entity4481 : a case series and a preoperative decision algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression', 'respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of surgical treatment in @entity1 with @entity1939 . METHODS: This prospective study included 36 @entity1 of @entity1939 surgically treated from January 2006 to June 2009, at a tertiary care eye hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Corrected visual acuity, @entity2516 , ocular examination, orthoptic assessment and @entity1736 evaluation were recorded. Strabismus surgery was performed according to the results of forced duction test (FDT). @entity1736 surgery, if required, was performed after the strabismus surgery. @entity1 having any restrictive cause or previous strabismus surgery were excluded. The study conformed to all local laws and was compliant with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and had the approval of the Hospital Ethics Committee. RESULTS: The 36 @entity1 were treated surgically and completed the required follow-up. The forced duction test was positive for inferior rectus (IR) of the involved eye in 20 of the 36 eyes (55.55%). Twelve @entity1 had inferior rectus recession with or without one horizontal muscle recession or resection, 12 had Knapp procedure correcting for any horizontal deviation if present, 10 had inferior rectus recession followed by Knapp surgery, with or without recession or resection of horizontal recti, 1 @entity1 had horizontal correction only, while one @entity1 had @entity1736 correction only without squint surgery. Of the 36 @entity1 , 33 had post-operative (PO) hypotropia within 10 prism diopters (PD). Three @entity1 developed consecutive @entity15170 . CONCLUSION: Careful pre-operative evaluation can lead to satisfactory cosmetic improvement after surgery in @entity1939 . The forced duction test should be performed in both eyes so that any associated oblique @entity121 (OML) can be noted.

title: Outcome of surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['monocular elevation deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['Ptosis', 'ptosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle laxity']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['monocular elevation deficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies of occupational @entity1643 (OLBP) have shown that return to work after injury is influenced by workers' concerns and expectations; however, these theoretical constructs have not been explored. The specific aim of this study was to identify themes related to self-efficacy and outcome expectancy for returning to work using qualitative research methods. METHOD: Twenty-eight individuals who recently returned to work (< 6 months) after an onset of OLBP responded to a newspaper advertisement and participated in focus groups. In a second phase of the study, @entity1 with OLBP and an impending return to work (n = 23) were referred by their physiotherapists and interviewed to provide more immediate accounts of their concerns and experiences. Notes and recordings from both sources were searched for utterances describing beliefs about self-efficacy or outcome expectancy for returning to work. RESULTS: Two primary self-efficacy constructs emerged: self-efficacy for resuming physical activity and self-efficacy for resuming work. Self-efficacy for resuming physical activity included 8 sub-domains: lift, carry, sit, stand, push/pull, bend, climb, and reach. Self-efficacy for resuming work included 3 sub-domains: @entity158 control, obtaining help, and meeting job demands. Outcome expectancy included four sub-domains: financial/job security, @entity130 , workplace support, and self-image. CONCLUSIONS: Hesitation to return to work after OLBP involves not only concerns about @entity158 and @entity130 , but also the perceived ability to perform physical tasks, meet role expectations, obtain workplace support, and maintain job security.

title: Concerns and expectations about returning to work with XXXX : identifying themes from focus groups and semi-structured interviews.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity230 are used as adjuvant treatment in childhood pyogenic @entity693 to attenuate host inflammatory responses to bacterial invasion. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of @entity619 in management of acute @entity4008 in a developing country. METHODS: In a double-blind, placebo controlled trial, we included 598 @entity1 with pyogenic @entity693 who had been admitted to the @entity1 's wards of the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. We did physical, neurological, developmental, and hearing assessments at 1 and 6 months after discharge. The primary outcome was @entity204 . Secondary outcomes included sequelae, in-hospital deaths, and @entity204 after discharge. Analysis was done by intention to treat. FINDINGS: Of the 598 included @entity1 , 307 (51%) were assigned to @entity619 and 295 (49%) to placebo. 338 (40%) of 598 @entity1 had @entity328 , 170 (28%) @entity327 type b, 66 (11%) @entity3631 , and 29 (5%) Salmonella spp. 78 (13%) @entity1 had no growth on culture. The number of overall deaths was the same in the two treatment groups (relative risk 1.00 [95% CI 0.8-1.25], p=0.93). At final outcome, sequelae were identified in 84 (28%) of @entity1 on @entity230 and in 81 (28%) on placebo (relative risk 0.99 [95% CI 0.78-1.27], p=0.97). The number of @entity1 dying in hospital did not differ between groups. INTERPRETATION: @entity230 are not an effective adjuvant treatment in @entity1 with acute @entity4008 in developing countries.

title: @entity619 treatment in childhood XXXX in Malawi: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['overall death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity34730 ( @entity34730 ) is a rare benign neoplasm presenting in the fourth and fifth decades of life. The spine and skull are the most commonly involved, orbital involvement is extremely rare. We describe six @entity1 with cranio-orbital @entity34730 , the largest case series to date. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective review of six @entity1 with histologically confirmed primary @entity34730 involving the orbit. Clinical characteristics, imaging features, approach to management, and histopathological findings are described. RESULTS: Five @entity1 were male with a median age of 56. @entity158 and @entity892 were the most common presenting features. A characteristic 'honeycomb' pattern on CT imaging was demonstrated in three of the cases. Complete surgical excision was performed in all cases with presurgical embolisation carried out in one case. In all the cases, histological studies identified cavernous vascular spaces within the bony tissue. These channels were lined by single layer of cytologically normal endothelial cells. DISCUSSION: IOCH of the cranio-orbital region is rare; in the absence of typical imaging features, the differential diagnosis includes @entity83 , @entity511 , bony @entity3 , and @entity706 . @entity954 may be necessary to exclude more sinister pathology. @entity548 can be severe and may be @entity146 .

title: Cranio-orbital primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity34730 :: ('MESH:C564648', 'Disease') :: ['IOH', 'intraosseous haemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical excision']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['chondroma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced by preoperative embolisation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity34730 :: (MESH:C564648,Disease) :: ['intraosseous haemangioma']


abstract: The preventative effect of @entity14789 (TS) and TS liposomal nanoparticles was studied on the early establishment of @entity281 with @entity3204 ( @entity3204 ). Swiss albino @entity19 were orally infected with 10 cysts of avirulent ME49 strain of @entity3204 , and 2 weeks later they were orally treated with dual daily doses of 200mg/kg and 120mg/kg TS and TS liposomes for 30 days; respectively. Effect of TS and TS liposomes was parasitologically and ultrastructurally evaluated, versus infected non-treated control. Their safety was biochemically assessed. Parasitologically, both TS and TS liposomes induced significant reduction in @entity19 mortality, brain parasite burden and infectivity of cysts obtained from the brains of treated @entity19 . Ultrastructurally, scanning electron microscopy of cysts obtained from infected @entity19 treated with either TS or TS liposomes showed surface irregularities, protrusions and @entity308 . Transmission electron microscopy revealed disintegration of the cyst wall and vacuolation of the bradyzoites with disintegration of plasma membranes of both cysts and bradyzoites whether treated with TS or TS liposomes. Biochemical study reflected the safety of the TS and TS liposomes. Therefore, TS proved an effective, promising and safe preventive drug against early @entity102 . Loading TS on liposomes marginally enhanced its efficacy against @entity3204 cysts yet allowed its use in a lower dose.

title: Preventive prospective of XXXX and @entity14789 -liposomal nanoparticles against experimental @entity281 with a cystogenic ME49 strain of @entity3204 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressions']

entities_list: @entity14789 :: ('MESH:D014260', 'Chemical') :: ['triclosan']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['establishment of chronic toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity14789 :: (MESH:D014260,Chemical) :: ['triclosan']


abstract: In order to analyze the immunosuppression associated with @entity683 @entity778 , we investigated monocytic function in macrophage hybridoma cell lines 5 weeks after @entity281 with two strains of @entity683 virus. Clones 30 and 63, chosen for stability in long-term culture, were infected with two strains of @entity683 virus, X-31 and PR-8. Uniform @entity281 of both cell lines was confirmed by intracytoplasmic staining with the antihemagglutinin strain-specific monoclonal antibodies PY 102 and PY 206. One week after @entity281 , clones 30 and 63 lost their ability to stimulate @entity116 toxoid-specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched responder T cells. Coincident with the inability to stimulate MHC-matched T cells, there was diminished surface expression of class II MHC antigens and @entity1453 and @entity7937 compared with that in uninfected cells: DR, 2.5 versus 10.6% (mean channel 0.3 versus 1.5); DQ, 1.6 versus 15.6% (mean channel 0.3 versus 3.0); DP, 5.0 versus 30.9% (mean channel 0.3 versus 2.0). @entity1453 expression was reduced (13.1 versus 20.0%; mean channel 1.5 versus 2.0) while @entity7937 expression remained the same (22.2 versus 324%; mean channel 3.0 versus 3.3). Class I MHC surface antigen expression was unaltered. Cytokine secretion was also perturbed, as @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) and @entity1356 production was lost 1 week after @entity281 . Production of IL-12 and @entity688 was unchanged, while @entity650 production was increased. The viability of the T cells cocultured with 63Flu was unaltered, demonstrating that the inability of the MHC-restricted T cells to proliferate in response to @entity116 toxoid was not due to a toxic effect of 63Flu. Interestingly, other accessory functions, including the ability to support mitogen- and anti-CD3-mediated T-cell proliferation, remained intact. These data suggest that alteration of macrophage function relating to @entity1800 occurs at multiple levels and may contribute to the immunosuppression observed following @entity683 @entity778 .

title: Impairment of monocytic function after @entity683 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 1-alpha', 'IL-1-alpha']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['virus infection']


abstract: In 24 @entity1 (aged 52 years) with angiographically proven acute first @entity583 and isolated occlusion of the @entity1188 -related vessel, serial measurements of @entity908 kinase (CK) activity were performed. Peak CK levels (CKmax), time-to-peak activity (tmax), @entity1188 size, and cumulative CK were calculated from the serum curve by a computer program. No reperfusion interventions were performed. In accordance with the angiographic results 3-5 weeks after @entity1188 , @entity1 were divided into two groups: 11 @entity1 demonstrated a proximal occlusion of one major coronary artery with retrograde contrast filling by non-compromised collaterals; in 14 @entity1 no collateral filling of the distal vessel segment was visible. The contralateral coronary arteries and corresponding LV wall segments were normal. Localization of the @entity1188 and @entity1188 related vessel were not significantly different between both groups. In @entity1 with collaterals, ejection fraction was significantly higher (63.1 vs. 45.5%; p less than 0.0005) and LV-enddiastolic volume (109.9 vs. 130.1 ml/m2) and enddiastolic pressure (10.0 vs. 14.1 mm Hg, p = n.s.) were lower. CKmax, tmax, @entity1188 size, and cumulative CK activity were significantly reduced in @entity1 with collaterals compared to non-collateralized occlusions. Four @entity1 with, but none without collaterals reached tmax within 12 h. In ten @entity1 without and four with collaterals, tmax was reached after 14 h. The initial slope of the normalized serum CK curves was significantly different among both groups. A significant (p less than 0.005) linear correlation between ejection fraction and tmax, @entity1188 size, CKmax, and cumulative CK was found for all @entity1 (r = 0.76-0.53).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Myocardial creatinine kinase liberation and left ventricular function in XXXX with and without collateral blood supply].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: Complete decolorization and detoxification of Reactive Orange 4 within 5  h (pH 6.6, at 30  C) by isolated Lysinibacillus sp. @entity46337 was observed. Significant reduction in @entity5342 (93%) and COD (90%) was indicative of conversion of complex dye into simple products, which were identified as @entity12683 moieties by various analytical techniques (HPLC, FTIR, and GC-MS). Supplementation of agricultural waste extract considered as better option to make the process cost effective. Oxido-reductive enzymes were found to be involved in the degradation mechanism. Finally Loofa immobilized Lysinibacillus sp. cells in a fixed-bed bioreactor showed significant decolorization with reduction in @entity5342 (51 and 64%) and COD (54 and 66%) for synthetic and textile effluent at 30 and 35  mL h(-1) feeding rate, respectively. The degraded metabolites showed non-toxic nature revealed by phytotoxicity and photosynthetic pigments content study for @entity1101 and Phaseolus mungo. In addition @entity1568 fixing and @entity1391 solubilizing microbes were less affected in treated wastewater and thus the treated effluent can be used for the irrigation purpose. This work could be useful for the development of efficient and ecofriendly technologies to reduce dye content in the wastewater to permissible levels at affordable cost.

title: Exploiting the efficacy of Lysinibacillus sp. XXXX for decolorization and detoxification of industrial dyes, textile effluent and bioreactor studies.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1101 :: ('4558', 'Species') :: ['Sorghum vulgare']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

answer: @entity46337 :: (OMIM:180500,Disease) :: ['RGS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 showing perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation ( @entity1824 ) are uncommon @entity5 of the sinonasal tract. They are often misdiagnosed as @entity359 or a simple benign @entity5 or @entity1127 . We present a further case of a sinonasal @entity1824 and review the literature in an attempt to ascertain their malignant potential. METHODS: Published evidence on invasiveness and characteristics were defined on systematic review. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from 1966 and 1980, respectively, to week 3 of December 2010. Publications reporting @entity1824 or @entity359 were sought. Only those describing a sinonasal origin were included. Demographics, anatomic site, local invasion, recurrence rates, and mortality were recorded. A case report of a locally invasive intranasal @entity1824 is described. RESULTS: In addition to the case we present, 12 case reports were located (n = 13). The mean age of @entity1 was 59.6 (SD, 14.98 years) years. The location was within the right sinonasal tract in 54% of cases, the left sinonasal tract in 38% of cases, and not reported in 8% of cases. Treatment focused on local surgical excision and this was achieved endoscopically in 100% of cases. Recurrence rate was 8%. Mean follow-up was 17.4 (SD, 20.68 months) months. Invasion was noted in 23% of cases. There was a single death recorded. CONCLUSION: @entity1824 of the paranasal sinuses and skull base appear to have a biological behavior different from simple @entity359 reported elsewhere in the body. @entity1824 may be more intermediate or malignant in clinical behavior.

title: Sinonasal perivascular epithelioid cell @entity5 : benign or malignant XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1824 :: ('MESH:D054973', 'Disease') :: ['PEComas', 'PEComa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['benign angiomyolipomas', 'angiomyolipoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasm']


abstract: Male C57Bl/Cnb and BALB/c @entity19 were exposed to single and fractionated d(50) + Be neutrons or 137Cs gamma rays at 12 weeks of age and were followed for life-shortening and disease incidence as ascertained by autopsy and histological examinations at the time of spontaneous @entity204 . Fractionation schedules used were 10 exposures at 24-h intervals and 8 exposures at 3-h intervals for gamma rays, and 8 exposures at 3-h intervals for neutrons. The data were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier procedure using as criteria causes of @entity204 and possible causes of @entity204 . Individual groups were compared by a modified Wilcoxon test according to Hoel and Walburg (J. Natl. @entity5 Inst. 49, 361-372 (1972)). No significant difference was found in C57Bl/Cnb and BALB/c male @entity19 between a single gamma-ray exposure and a single neutron exposure. Gamma-ray fractionation was clearly less effective in reducing survival time than a single exposure. In contrast, fractionation of neutrons was slightly, although not significantly, more effective in reducing survival time than a single exposure. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for life-shortening for d(50)-Be neutrons compared to gamma rays is of the order of 1 to 2 for a single exposure to neutrons and between 2 and 3 for fractionated neutrons compared to a single exposure to gamma rays. Neutron irradiation caused somewhat more @entity5 than gamma irradiation, and the RBE for @entity5 may be higher, probably between 2 and 3 in the range of 1 to 3 Gy, although the present data do not allow a more precise assessment.

title: Life-shortening and disease incidence in XXXX after exposure to gamma rays or high-energy neutrons.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer induction', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of metalloproteinases(MMPs) in the airway extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) @entity35 models. METHODS: The @entity1030 @entity35 models which was established by intratracheal instillation of 200 microg lipopolysaccharide once for every two weeks(twice), and exposed to 5% smoke for 0.5 h/d for 4 weeks. The pathological changes were observed, lung function and blood gas changes were also deter mined. The fibroblasts, lymphocytes of bronchial walls and alveolar macrophages were counted. The @entity720 of bronchial lung tissue homogenates were deter mined by biochemistry method. The expression of @entity6929 , @entity11017 and @entity6930 ( @entity6930 ) in bronchi and lung tissue was verfied by immunohistochemical analysis and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The gelatinolytic activities of MMPs of lung tissue were performed by gelatin zymographic analysis. RESULTS: The pathological changes of bronchi and lung tissue, the changes of lung function and blood gas analysis were similar to those of the @entity1030 @entity1 . The number of fibroblasts, lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages of model group were significantly increased than those of control group (P < 0.001). The @entity720 of model group was significantly in creased than that of control group (P < 0.001). By using image analyzer, immunoreactivity of @entity6929 , @entity11017 , @entity6930 were markedly increased in epithelial cells of bronchi, fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells and pneumocytes in model group as compared with those of control group. The protein expressions of @entity6929 , @entity11017 and @entity6930 in model group were significantly increased than those in control group(P < 0.0001 or P < 0.01). The mRNA expression of @entity11017 , @entity6929 and @entity6930 in @entity1030 model group (1.11 +/- 0.06,1.04 +/- 0.26 and 0.85 +/- 0.34,respectively) were significantly increased than those in control group (0.30 +/- 0.17,0.36 +/- 0.09 and 0.23 +/- 0.08,respectively) as well(P < 0.001 or P < "0.01). The relative gelatinolytic activities of 72 000 @entity11017 , 92 000 @entity6929 in model group (3 263.5 +/- 665.1 and 1 338.4 +/- 241.2, respectively) were also significantly higher than those in the model group(388.6 +/- 60.8 and 116.1 +/- 49.8,respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that there were up regulations of @entity6929 , @entity11017 and @entity6930 of lung tissue in @entity1030 model group which may contribute to the pathogenesis of airflow limitation through the airway remodelling and alveolar structure destruction( @entity2415 ). The ECM degradation and deposition were imbalanced and abnormally activated. The evaluation of @entity6929 , @entity11017 which are responsible for the @entity32 and destruction process, and the evaluation of @entity6930 which is responsible for the repair and remodelling process of the airways, may play an important role in the airway ECM remodelling in @entity1030 .

title: [The role of matrix metalloproteinases in extracellular matrix remodelling in @entity1030 XXXX models].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6930 :: ('116510(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The nasal and bronchial mucosa present similarities and differences. Remodeling is defined as "model again or differently, reconstruct" and is present in the airways of most if not all @entity748 @entity1 . Even though inflammation is similar in @entity2023 and @entity565 , the pathologic extent of nasal remodeling in @entity1 with @entity2490 seems to be far less extensive than that in the bronchi of @entity748 @entity1 . @entity16 is only minimal, and the reticular basement membrane does not appear to be largely pseudothickened. Moreover, the demonstration of fibrogenic growth factors in the nasal mucosa of @entity1 with @entity2023 is lacking because of the paucity of studies. The reasons why remodeling appears to be less extensive in the nasal mucosa than in the bronchial mucosa are still unclear, but 2 hypotheses can be put forward. On one hand, the cytokine production of smooth muscle cells might partly explain differences in remodeling of the 2 sites of the airways. On the other hand, the genes of the embryologic differentiation might persist in the nose and bronchi or might be re-expressed in @entity565 and @entity2490 . Because the nose is of ectodermal origin and the bronchi of endodermal origin, these genes might also govern remodeling patterns. More studies are urgently required to better characterize nasal remodeling in @entity1 with @entity2490 . A better understanding of nasal and bronchial remodeling might help to identify new pathways and new therapeutic strategies to reduce long-term remodeling in @entity565 .

title: XXXX : a disease remodeling the upper airways?

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial damage']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['Allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arterial @entity2693 is a strong predictor of outcome. Hypomagnesaemia, by its association with arterial @entity101 , @entity409 , dyslipidaemia and @entity32 , might affect @entity455 . As hypomagnesaemia is common in @entity8 ( @entity8 ), we examined its potential association with arterial @entity2693 . METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis. Evaluation of @entity455 in 512 @entity8 from two university centres at a median of 72 months post-transplantation. Determination of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) (SphygmoCor). A multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the independent relationship between @entity1760 serum level and @entity122 with the following covariates: age, @entity6 , smoking status, body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), C-reactive protein (CRP), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , parathyroid hormone and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, @entity460 channel blockers, statins and calcineurin inhibitors next to their drug levels. RESULTS: Lower serum @entity1760 was independently associated with @entity122 (P = 0.018) in addition to age, CRP, HR, @entity6 and mean arterial pressure (model R(2) = 0.45; P < 0.001). The relationship between @entity1760 and @entity122 was attenuated (P = 0.054) after adjustment for the use of @entity3446 , which was associated with higher @entity1760 levels (P<0.001) and lower @entity122 (P = 0.013). In @entity1 >55 years (median age), however (low), @entity1760 remained an independent predictor of @entity122 (P = 0.024) after accounting for the same covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity1760 is an independent predictor of arterial @entity2693 in @entity8 , especially in @entity1 >55 years.

title: The relation between hypomagnesaemia and @entity455 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplant recipients', 'RTR']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal transplant recipients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bispectral index (BIS) and @entity3290 ( @entity3290 ) monitor hypnosis. We evaluated the correlation and the agreement between those parameters during propofol anaesthesia and laryngoscopy with and without @entity121 . METHODS: A total of 25 @entity1 were anaesthetized with @entity1875 . At steady state (SS: BIS 40-50), they randomly received @entity2898 (R) or saline (S); 3 min thereafter, a 20 s laryngoscopy was performed. Correlation (regression analysis) and agreement (Bland-Altman analysis) were evaluated before induction (baseline), at @entity393 reflex (LER), at SS and during the first 3 min after laryngoscopy (L). RESULTS: The correlation coefficient r (95% CI), the mean difference (MD) (95% CI), and the limits of agreement [lower-upper limits of 95% CI of MD (sd 1.96)] between BIS and @entity3290 were as follows. Overall recordings: 0.87 (0.83 to 0.90), 2.5 (1.2 to 3.0), and [-19.5 to 24.6]; Baseline: 0.45 (0.06 to 0.72), 7.6 (6.0 to 9.2), and [-2.7 to 17.9]; LER: 0.74 (0.47 to 0.88), 8.3 (3.5 to 13.2), and [-22.6 to 39.3]; SS, all @entity1 : 0.41 (0.14 to 0.63), 2.0 (-0.5 to 4.6), and [-19.0 to 23.3]; SS, Group S: 0.36 (-0.07 to 0.68), 1.9 (-2.5 to 6.3), and [-25.0 to 28.8]; SS, Group R: 0.63 (0.32 to 0.82), 0.2 (-2.0 to 2.3), and [-14.0 to 14.4]; L, all @entity1 : 0.49 (0.32 to 0.63), 0.7 (-1.6 to 3.0), and [-25.6 to 27.1]; L, Group S: 0.41 (0.13 to 0.63), 2.3 (-2.4 to 7.1), and [-36.7 to 41.3]; L, Group R: 0.72 (0.56 to 0.83), -0.6 (-2.2 to 1.0), and [-14.3 to 13.1]. The correlation was good except for SS in Group S. The MD was significantly different from 0 for overall recordings, during baseline and LER, but not for the other conditions. The agreement was poor except for baseline, and SS and L in Group R. CONCLUSIONS: BIS and @entity3290 are globally well correlated. In contrast, agreement is poor as differences of more than 20 units are frequently observed, except for awake and paralysed @entity1 .

title: Correlation and agreement between bispectral index and XXXX of the electroencephalogram during propofol anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of eyelash']

entities_list: @entity3290 :: ('MESH:D062706', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'state entropy']

answer: @entity3290 :: (MESH:D062706,Disease) :: ['state entropy']


abstract: Development of n-3 fortified, shelf-stable foods is facilitated by encapsulated @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ) and @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ), since natural n-3 food sources cannot withstand high temperature and prolonged shelf life. Organoleptic stability of n-3 fortified, shelf-stable foods has been demonstrated, but chemical changes in the food matrix throughout storage could conceivably impact digestibility of the protein-based encapsulant thereby compromising n-3 bioavailability. We assessed the effect of prolonged high-temperature storage and variations in food matrix (proteinaceous or @entity1735 ) on the time course and magnitude of blood @entity1718 changes associated with ingestion of n-3 fortified foods. Low-protein (i.e., cake) and high-protein (i.e., meat sticks) items were supplemented with 600  mg encapsulated @entity4601 + @entity8393 , and frozen either immediately after production (FRESH) or after 6  months storage at 100  F (STORED). Fourteen volunteers consumed one item per week (randomized) for 4  weeks. Blood samples obtained at baseline, 2, 4, and 6  h post-consumption were analyzed for circulating long-chain @entity9539 (LCn3). There was no difference in LCn3 area under the curve between items. LCn3 in response to cakes peaked at 2-h (FRESH: 54.0      16.8   g/mL, +18%; STORED: 53.0      13.2   g/mL, +20%), while meats peaked at 4-h (FRESH: 51.9      12.5   g/mL, +22%; STORED: 53.2      16.9   g/mL, +18%). There were no appreciable differences in time course or magnitude of n-3 appearance in response to storage conditions for either food types. Thus, bioavailability of encapsulated @entity4601 / @entity8393 , within low- and high-protein food items, was not affected by high-temperature shelf-storage. A shelf-stable, low- or high-protein food item with encapsulated @entity4601 / @entity8393 is suitable for use in shelf-stable foods.

title: Absorption of omega-3 fats from XXXX and proteinaceous food matrices before and after storage.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega 3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) @entity8 results from the abnormal deposition of IgA in the renal mesangium. Genetic factors may be involved in the development and progression of @entity8 . Uteroglobin (UG) is a @entity134 -inducible, cytokine-like, multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The knockout or antisense @entity19 of the UG gene develops @entity8 similar to @entity8 . We analyzed the UG gene as a candidate for a predisposing factor in 61 Japanese @entity1 with @entity8 (23 @entity1 , 38 adults) and detected only the @entity34718 mutation. The gene frequency of the @entity34718 mutation in @entity1 was 0.43, not significantly different from the frequency of 0.36 in healthy controls. However, the frequency of @entity1 homozygous for @entity34718 was twice that of controls, and a significant increase was seen in @entity1 @entity1 . We measured serum UG levels in @entity1 and healthy adults. A significant decrease in serum UG levels in homozygotes of @entity34718 compared with homozygotes of G38 was detected only in adult @entity1 @entity1 and controls. There is no information on where serum UG is produced or how UG may work in association with @entity8 . However, it is possible that the effect of @entity34718 may be apparent under such stimulation as sex @entity230 or infections, and homozygotes of the @entity34718 mutation cannot produce sufficient UG in response to stimulation and may be predisposed to @entity8 , especially in childhood.

title: Association of the uteroglobin gene polymorphism with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'IgA nephropathy', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: Dissociation of charged residues on the surface of immunoglobulins was analysed by an @entity3281 probe ESR method that has been developed in our previous work. Several kinds of IgG proteins and their @entity1334 and Fc fragments were used for the experiments. The pH dependence of the intensity of ESR signals was analysed. It was shown that the number of @entity2574 , @entity367 and His residues on the surface of Fc is about twice as many as that of @entity1334 . The accessible surface area of @entity535 residues calculated using X-ray crystallographic data is quite consistent with the present ESR experiments. This indicates that the number of the @entity2574 , @entity367 and His residues on the surface of IgG molecules in solution is similar to that in the crystal. The @entity3281 -probe ESR method was also applied to other classes of immunoglobulins, i.e. IgA and IgM. It was demonstrated that the IgA protein, which is known to lack the ability to bind Clq, has on the surface of it a smaller number of @entity2574 , @entity367 and His residues as compared to IgG and IgM proteins. On the basis of these results obtained by the @entity3281 -probe ESR method, we suggest that the Clq molecule, which is a basic protein, interacts favorably with the Fc portion whose surface is more negatively charged with @entity2574 and @entity367 residues, compared to the @entity1334 portion. Fine adjustment of fitting of the head of the Clq molecule into the @entity845 domain of the Fc portion presumably follows for optimum binding. It was also demonstrated that Ser and Thr residues are much more abundant on the surface of @entity1334 than in the case of Fc. We suggest that the Ser and Thr residues on the surface of @entity1334 play an important role for binding of @entity9199 upon activation of the complement system.

title: XXXX -probe ESR method for the analyses of the dissociation of charged residues on the surface of immunoglobulins.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity3281 :: (CHEBI:29035,Chemical) :: ['Mn2+']


abstract: Mutations in recently identified genes on chromosomes 2 and 3 seem to be responsible for repair errors (RER+) throughout the genome. This novel genetic mechanism was first reported in @entity14 and in @entity5 that are characteristic of this syndrome, such as @entity189 of the right colon, stomach and endometrium. We investigated the frequency of RER+ phenotype in a series of 34 sporadic @entity356 , in an attempt to see if the RER+ cases displayed any particular morphologic features and/or if they showed distinctive clinicopathologic characteristics. Twelve loci were investigated. We found 23 RER- cases (67.6%) and 11 RER+ cases (32.4%). A significant association was found between RER+ @entity189 and localization of the @entity5 : 9 of the 11 RER+ @entity189 (81.8%) were located at the antrum whereas all the @entity4617 were RER-. The RER+ phenotype was also significantly related to the presence of moderate/abundant T-cell lymphoid infiltration within the @entity5 . The 3-year survival rate of @entity1 with RER+ @entity5 was suggestively longer than that of @entity1 with @entity5 . No significant relationship was found between several clinicopathologic characteristics of the cases, including age, sex, staging, histologic type and ploidy, despite a trend towards an association between RER+ phenotype and advanced age of the @entity1 and poorly differentiated, @entity4056 . The high frequency of @entity124 in sporadic @entity356 supports the involvement of this genetic mechanism in @entity356 . @entity356 with the RER+ phenotype tend to occur as poorly differentiated @entity420 in the antrum of elderly @entity1 , display abundant T-cell infiltration and carry a relatively good prognosis.

title: Sporadic XXXX with @entity124 display a particular clinicopathologic profile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['RER- tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal type of the carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric carcinomas', 'gastric carcinogenesis', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']


abstract: In this study, the major endosomal/lysosomal proteases @entity43005 and @entity19292 were tested on their ability to release T cell stimulatory peptides from @entity62 ( @entity62 ) in vitro. Whereas neither enzyme could cleave unreduced @entity62 under mild conditions, reduced @entity62 was readily cleaved by @entity43005 but not by @entity19292 . Instead, @entity19292 was found to be very active in the trimming of @entity62 peptides after their release by @entity43005 . Following high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation, @entity43005 -released @entity62 fragments were screened for recognition by @entity62 -specific T cells from three strains of @entity19 , i.e. B10.A (H-2a), C57BL/6 (H-2b) and BALB/c ( @entity8022 ). Peptides in a large number of different HPLC fractions triggered significant T cell responses in all three strains. Interestingly, the response profiles of T cells from the three different strains showed marked similarities. Also, several individual synthetic @entity62 sequences corresponding to selected @entity43005 -released fragments were recognized by @entity19 T cells in the context of all three major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes tested. Our data suggest that @entity43005 rather than @entity19292 may play a central role in the initial release of @entity62 fragments during endosomal/lysosomal processing. The relatively long @entity62 fragments released by @entity43005 , containing about 20-30 @entity535 residues, are significantly more promiscuous in @entity19 class II MHC binding than the shorter synthetic @entity62 sequences previously employed by others for the delineation of @entity62 . Extensive documentation of @entity62 in previous investigations indicate that this promiscuity cannot be explained by simply assuming that longer peptides contain additional epitopes. Rather, an increased peptide length by itself appears to promote promiscuous MHC binding.

title: XXXX , but not @entity19292 , releases T cell stimulatory fragments from lysozyme that are functional in the context of multiple @entity19 class II MHC molecules.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['HEL', 'HEL epitopes', 'hen egg white lysozyme']

answer: @entity43005 :: (13033(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cathepsin D']


abstract: A survey conducted by the Center for Study and Research on African and Asian Populations in 2 villages in Senegal's Kaolack region, 5 villages in Cameroon's Eastern Province, and 2 hill areas in Burundi investigated the hypothesis that @entity791 -related knowledge and attitudes are influenced both by @entity645 prevalence in the area and gender relations. In all, the data set was comprised of 2526 individual questionnaires, 796 family questionnaires, and 267 qualitative individual interviews. As expected, both @entity1 and @entity1 from Burundi--a country with high @entity645 seroprevalence--were more knowledgeable about @entity791 than those in Cameroon and Senegal--countries with low @entity645 prevalence. However, even when economic activity, educational level, and @entity4222 were controlled, @entity1 in Cameroon and Senegal were significantly more likely than @entity1 to be knowledgeable about @entity791 . Although stigmatization of @entity1 with @entity791 was strong in all 3 countries (because of a perceived association with prostitution), this attitude was more widespread in the 2 low-prevalence countries. The main sources of information about @entity791 were, for @entity1 , the mass media, and, for @entity1 , interpersonal relations. In all 3 countries, personal exposure to someone with @entity791 was significantly associated with male gender, higher educational status, employment outside the primary sector, and emigration experience. In Senegal and Cameroon, where personal confrontation with @entity1 with @entity791 is less common than in Burundi because of lower @entity645 prevalence, @entity1 tended to rely on indirect sources of information about @entity791 . The tendency for @entity1 to have a broader range of interpersonal contacts than @entity1 presumably accounts for @entity1 's greater knowledge levels in these countries. In Burundi, in contrast, where the epidemic has a high prevalence, both @entity1 and @entity1 are likely to have personal encounters with those with @entity791 and thus have equally high knowledge levels.

title: Knowledge, opinions and attitudes towards XXXX in rural Africa (Senegal, Cameroon, Burundi). Current research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigates the effects of anticoagulant therapy on pregnancy outcomes in 204 @entity1 with @entity49 and previous poor obstetric outcomes. @entity1 with poor obstetric history ( @entity1468 , @entity1592 , @entity5617 , @entity5869 , recurrent @entity393 ) and having hereditary @entity49 were included in this study. Poor obstetric outcomes were observed more frequently in @entity1 who had not taken anticogulant therapy compared with treated group. Live birth rate, gestational age at birth and Apgar scores were significantly higher in the treated group when compared with the untreated group. There were no significant differences in terms of birthweight, mode of delivery and admission rates to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) plus @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) had higher gestational age at birth, Apgar scores, live birth rate and a lower abortion rates when compared with controls; in contrast, no significant difference was observed in terms of birthweight, mode of delivery, obstetric complications and admission rates to NICU. There were no significant differences between control group and both LMWH only and @entity1281 only groups in terms of gestational age at birth, Apgar scores, birthweight, mode of delivery, obstetric complications and admission rates to NICU. Only LMWH group had higher live birth rate as compared with control group. The use of only @entity1281 did not seem to affect the perinatal complication rates and outcomes. In conclusion, anticoagulant therapy with both LMWH and @entity1281 seems to provide better obstetric outcomes in pregnant @entity1 with @entity49 and previous poor obstetric outcomes.

title: Effects of anticoagulant therapy on pregnancy outcomes in XXXX with @entity49 and previous poor obstetric history.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the detection of pituitary lesions at 7.0  T compared to 1.5  T MRI in 16 @entity1 with clinically and biochemically proven @entity699 . METHODS: In seven @entity1 , no lesion was detected on the initial 1.5  T MRI, and in nine @entity1 it was uncertain whether there was a lesion. Firstly, two readers assessed both 1.5  T and 7.0  T MRI examinations unpaired in a random order for the presence of lesions. Consensus reading with a third neuroradiologist was used to define final lesions in all MRIs. Secondly, surgical outcome was evaluated. A comparison was made between the lesions visualized with MRI and the lesions found during surgery in 9/16 @entity1 . RESULTS: The interobserver agreement for lesion detection was good at 1.5  T MRI (k   =   0.69) and 7.0  T MRI (k   =   0.62). In five @entity1 , both the 1.5  T and 7.0  T MRI enabled visualization of a lesion on the correct side of the pituitary gland. In three @entity1 , 7.0  T MRI detected a lesion on the correct side of the pituitary gland, while no lesion was visible at 1.5  T MRI. CONCLUSION: The interobserver agreement of image assessment for 7.0  T MRI in @entity1 with @entity699 was good, and lesions were detected more accurately with 7.0  T MRI. KEY POINTS:     Interobserver agreement for lesion detection on 1.5  T MRI was good;     Interobserver agreement for lesion detection on 7.0  T MRI was good;     7.0  T enabled confirmation of unclear lesions at 1.5  T;     7.0  T enabled visualization of lesions not visible at 1.5  T.

title: High resolution pituitary gland MRI at 7.0 tesla: a clinical evaluation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: @entity2806 occurs when blood flow to the brain is insufficient to meet metabolic demand. This can result from @entity432 that interrupts blood flow, limits CNS supply of @entity26 and @entity413 , and causes an @entity1188 / @entity385 . @entity63 initiates a cascade of molecular events in neurons and cerebrovascular endothelial cells including energy depletion, dissipation of ion gradients, @entity460 overload, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and accumulation of ions and fluid. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is associated with @entity2806 and leads to vasogenic @entity4 , a primary cause of @entity64 -associated mortality. To date, only a single drug has received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for acute @entity385 treatment, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). While rt-PA therapy restores perfusion to @entity63 brain, considerable tissue damage occurs when cerebral blood flow is reestablished. Therefore, there is a critical need for novel therapeutic approaches that can "rescue" salvageable brain tissue and/or protect BBB integrity during @entity385 . One class of drugs that may enable neural cell rescue following @entity2806 /reperfusion injury is the @entity2453 reductase inhibitors (i.e., statins). Understanding potential CNS drug delivery pathways for statins is critical to their utility in @entity385 . Here, we review molecular pathways associated with @entity2806 and novel approaches for delivering drugs to treat @entity63 . Specifically, we discuss utility of endogenous BBB drug uptake transporters such as organic anion transporting polypeptides and nanotechnology-based carriers for optimization of CNS drug delivery. Overall, this chapter highlights state-of-the-art technologies that may improve pharmacotherapy of @entity2806 .

title: Drug delivery to the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'Cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemic', 'ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Dysregulation of autophagy contributes to neuronal cell death in several neurodegenerative and @entity2315 . Markers of autophagy are also increased after @entity131 ( @entity131 ), but its mechanisms and function are not known. Following controlled cortical impact (CCI) @entity1545 in GFP-Lc3 (green fluorescent protein-LC3) @entity19 , we observed accumulation of autophagosomes in ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus between 1 and 7 d. This accumulation was not due to increased initiation of autophagy but rather to a decrease in clearance of autophagosomes, as reflected by accumulation of the autophagic substrate @entity42066 / @entity42066 ( @entity42066 ). This was confirmed by ex vivo studies, which demonstrated impaired autophagic flux in brain slices from injured as compared to control animals. Increased @entity42066 peaked at d 1-3 but resolved by d 7, suggesting that the defect in autophagy flux is temporary. The early impairment of autophagy is at least in part caused by @entity2315 , as evidenced by lower protein levels and enzymatic activity of @entity43005 ( @entity43005 ). Furthermore, immediately after injury both autophagosomes and @entity42066 accumulated predominantly in neurons. This was accompanied by appearance of @entity42066 and ubiquitin-positive puncta in the affected cells, suggesting that, similar to the situation observed in @entity179 , impaired autophagy may contribute to @entity528 . Consistently, GFP-LC3 and @entity42066 colocalized with markers of both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death in neuronal cells proximal to the injury site. Taken together, our data indicated for the first time that autophagic clearance is impaired early after @entity131 due to @entity2315 , and correlates with neuronal cell death.

title: Impaired autophagy flux is associated with neuronal cell death after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage diseases', 'lysosomal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 is a prototypical chemotherapy-refractory epithelial malignancy for which better treatments are needed. Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) is emerging as a promising @entity5 treatment, but its study in @entity5 has been limited. This study was conducted to determine if ACT could mediate regression of @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 enrolled onto this protocol were diagnosed with @entity5 and had previously received @entity902 -based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. @entity1 were treated with a single infusion of @entity5 -infiltrating T cells selected when possible for @entity1082 ) E6 and E7 reactivity ( @entity9273 ). Cell infusion was preceded by lymphocyte-depleting chemotherapy and was followed by administration of @entity58736 . RESULTS: Three of nine @entity1 experienced objective @entity5 responses (two complete responses and one partial response). The two complete responses were ongoing 22 and 15 months after treatment, respectively. One partial response was 3 months in duration. The HPV reactivity of T cells in the infusion product (as measured by interferon gamma production, enzyme-linked immunospot, and @entity31175 upregulation assays) correlated positively with clinical response (P = .0238 for all three assays). In addition, the frequency of HPV-reactive T cells in peripheral blood 1 month after treatment was positively associated with clinical response (P = .0238). CONCLUSION: Durable, complete regression of @entity5 can occur after a single infusion of @entity9273 . Exploratory studies suggest a correlation between HPV reactivity of the infusion product and clinical response. Continued investigation of this therapy is warranted.

title: Complete regression of metastatic cervical cancer after treatment with XXXX -targeted tumor-infiltrating T cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial malignancies', 'tumor', 'metastatic cervical cancer', 'cancer', 'Metastatic cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity58736 :: ('MESH:C082598', 'Chemical') :: ['aldesleukin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity8 is a common occurrence after heart transplantation in @entity1 treated with calcineurin inhibitors (CIs). We evaluated the renal-sparing effects of converting stable heart transplant @entity1 with @entity8 from a CI to @entity3446 . METHODS: Beginning in 2000, heart transplant @entity1 with @entity8 were converted from a CI to @entity3446 . CI was abruptly discontinued and @entity3446 added at 5 mg twice a day for 2 days and then 2 mg daily. The treatment goal was a 24-hour level of 6 to 12 ng/ml. All @entity1 were also managed with @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) at 1,000 mg twice daily. RESULTS: Eighty from a total of 235 cardiac transplant @entity1 were converted to @entity3446 . The average time post-transplant for conversion was 4.78 years (range 3 days to 16 years). The average age at transplant was 55.43 years (range 15 to 70). At a mean of 304 days post-conversion, the mean serum @entity1011 (sCr) decreased from 2.04 +/- 0.57 mg/dl pre-conversion to 1.64 +/- 0.48 mg/dl (p < 0.001). In @entity1 whose sCr was <2.5 mg/dl before conversion, the mean SCr level decreased from 1.81 +/- 0.39 to 1.62 +/- 0.5 mg/dl post-conversion (p = 0.01), with no @entity1 developing @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Four @entity1 with sCr > or =2.5 developed @entity454 requiring dialysis despite conversion. In the remaining 15 @entity1 with sCr > or =2.5 mg/dl, the sCr decreased from 2.85 +/- 0.29 to 1.73 +/- 0.43 mg/dl (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Conversion to @entity3446 from CI is safe and has a renal-sparing effect in the management of heart transplant @entity1 with chronic @entity8 . Based on these results, @entity3446 has a role as a first-line immunosuppressive agent in heart transplant @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: Improvement of XXXX by conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to @entity3446 after heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: AIM: To study the clinical features and computed tomography (CT) findings of @entity4436 vs @entity697 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 451 @entity1 who had undergone appendectomy in our institution from January 2007 to September 2012. @entity1 demographics, clinical features, pathological findings, and surgical outcomes were analyzed. We also compared preoperative CT images of 25 @entity1 with @entity4436 with those of 25 @entity1 with @entity697 . RESULTS: Among 451 @entity1 , 44 (9.7%) were diagnosed to have @entity4436 and 398 (86.9%) to have @entity697 . @entity1 with @entity4436 were older (59 vs 37 years, P < 0.001) and had a longer duration of the illness (4.0 d vs 1.0 d, P < 0.001). Perforation rates in @entity1 with @entity4436 were higher (68% vs 27%, P < 0.001). The appendix could be visualized in only 13 @entity1 (52%) among the @entity4436 cases, but in all @entity697 cases. CT findings suggestive of @entity4436 included the absence of fluid collection in the appendix (84% vs 12%, P < 0.001), absence of appendicolith (92% vs 52%, P = 0.005), and formation of abscess (68% vs 16%, P < 0.001). Appendiceal @entity7261 were identified in 6 @entity1 (24%). CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 who had undergone appendectomy, 9.7% had @entity4436 . @entity1 with @entity4436 had different clinical features and CT findings from @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Clinical and computed tomography findings of @entity4436 vs XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal diverticulitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: This study was conducted prospectively to assess the correlation between the pattern of anterior @entity308 on the admission electrocardiogram and the in-hospital morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity4156 . Coronary angiography was also done to assess its correlation, if any, with pattern of anterior @entity308 . Our study cohort comprised of 165 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4156 divided into four groups based on admission electrocardiogram. Group I (n = 33): @entity1 with no anterior @entity308 ; group II (n = 16): @entity1 with @entity308 in leads V1-V3; group III (n = 71): @entity1 with @entity308 in leads V4-V6, I and aVF, and; group IV (n = 45): @entity1 with @entity308 in all anterior leads (V1-V6, I, aVL). The outcomes were analysed in terms of high grade @entity713 , Killip class II or higher failure, and in-hospital mortality. Coronary angiography was performed to analyse coronary anatomy. Group IV @entity1 had increased incidence of @entity616 (37.8% vs 15.2% in the total group) (p < 0.001) and increased mortality (11.1% vs 4.2% in the total group) (p < 0.05). This group also had greater incidence of @entity66 (76.7%) (p < 0.001). Group II @entity1 had greater incidence of @entity66 (88.9%) (p < 0.05) and had no @entity66 . Group III @entity1 had @entity66 (76.5%) (p < 0.05) or @entity66 (23.5%) (p = NS) and no @entity66 . Coronary angiography in group II showed greater incidence of involvement of left circumflex artery and right coronary artery while in group III there was left anterior descending artery and right @entity453 . We conclude that @entity1 with anterior @entity308 in group III and group IV categories are in high risk subset with @entity4156 .

title: Angiographic correlates of anterior XXXX in @entity4156 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple vessel disease', 'double vessel disease', 'single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity4156 :: ('MESH:D056989', 'Disease') :: ['acute inferior wall myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['complete heart block']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['ST segment depression']


abstract: In a population-based telephone interview survey of 10,169 respondents aged 12-29 years in Washington County, Maryland, data were collected on history of @entity4697 attacks, on the most recent @entity10 and associated symptoms in the 2 weeks before the interview, and on physician consultation for @entity10 -related problems. Of those who had a @entity10 in the previous 12 months, 14.2% of females and 5.8% of males consulted a physician for @entity10 . The proportion who recently consulted a physician increased with age among females but not among males. An unexpectedly high proportion of those who recently sought physician care for their @entity10 problem had a history of @entity4697 . In particular, among those who sought care, 15% of females and 12.8% of males ages 24-29 had a history of @entity4697 . Overall, females with @entity4697 who had recently seen a physician for @entity10 exhibited the most frequent, severe, and @entity10 . In particular, @entity10 were of considerably longer duration, more severe, and greater than 50% of these females had five or more @entity10 in a 4-week period. A very high proportion experienced disability (up to 46.7%) from their @entity10 . Males with a history of @entity4697 who did or did not seek physician care differed only in that a considerably higher proportion of the former group (up to 45%) had frequent @entity10 . Overall, 11.8% of the total population had a @entity2704 in the 2 weeks before the interview. In contrast, 21.8% of those who sought physician care and 36% of those with @entity4697 who sought physician care had a @entity2704 .

title: Physician consultation for headache pain and history of XXXX : results from a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['complex headaches', 'headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic disorder']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity1569 have an increased risk of @entity65 that is partly attributable to chronic @entity32 . The aim of our prospective pilot study was to investigate the impact of @entity15627 (FAE), a first-line systemic antipsoriatic treatment in Germany, on cardiovascular risk parameters. @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 from the University Medical Center Mannheim and the University Hospital W  rzburg were treated with FAE for 16  weeks according to standard dosage recommendations. Disease severity, life quality and @entity308 scores as well as biomarkers of @entity32 , lipid and @entity413 metabolism were assessed prior to initiation of FAE and after 16  weeks. Out of 39 @entity1 recruited, 27 completed the study. 44  % of all @entity1 and 63  % of those completing the 16-week treatment achieved PASI 50 response and 27 or 37  % PASI 75 response. Clinical improvement was paralleled by significant improvement in quality of life, high treatment satisfaction and significant @entity308 . Adverse events, most frequently mild @entity344 , flush and @entity2905 occurred in 89  %. FAE did not modify @entity413 metabolism or inflammatory parameters substantially. However, a highly significant increase in serum levels of the atheroprotective cytokine @entity1254 was noted after 16  weeks (median 4.7 vs. 8.9    g/ml; p  =  0.0002). Our study demonstrates a significant beneficial impact of FAE on @entity1254 , indicating a potential cardioprotective effect. It will be interesting to verify this finding in larger cohorts and to assess the long-term influence of FAE on cardiovascular risk and disease.

title: Impact of @entity15627 on cardiovascular risk factors and @entity308 in XXXX : a prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity15627 :: ('MESH:D005650', 'Chemical') :: ['fumaric acid esters']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the changes of cytokines of splenocytes in @entity19 immunized by mix recombinant BCG-EmII/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine of @entity2328 (Em) and challenged by Em protoscoleces. METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 were vaccinated subcutaneously and intranasally by the vaccine respectively. In the eighth week of vaccination they were Challenged by Em protoscoleces.In the eighteenth week of infection they were killed for spleen. After splenocytes were separated,their culture was stimulated by EmAg or ConA and their supernatants were gathered. The levels of @entity2047 , @entity60 , @entity637 and @entity58 were measured by ELISA kit. Blank vector, BCG and PBS were served as control. RESULTS: In the groups of vaccine immunization, the levels of @entity60 and @entity637 increased obviously but the level of @entity58 decreased. The level of @entity637 in subcutaneous group was higher than that in intranasal group. CONCLUSION: @entity630 response was induced in @entity19 immunized by mix recombinant BCG-EmII/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine of Em against the challenge by Em protoscoleces. Subcutaneous injection with this vaccine may be a good way of vaccination.

title: [Changes of cytokines of splenocytes in XXXX immunized by mix recombinant BCG-EmII/3 and BCG-Em14-3-3 vaccine of Em].

entities_list: @entity2328 :: ('6211', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus multilocularis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity36808 (Tp5) was loaded in @entity19013 ( @entity16709 ) nanoparticles (NP) in order to enhance the oral bioavailability of Tp5. @entity16709 -Tp5-NP was prepared by nanoprecipitation methods. Dialyzing membrane method was employed to examine the in vitro release of @entity16709 -Tp5-NP in PBS, and Tp5 samples in the release medium were detected by HPLC. The cell proliferation test @entity665 was conducted to verify the @entity16709 -Tp5-NP bioactivity in vitro. The pharmacodynamical studies were performed on preimmunoinhibited @entity35 and in flow cytometer. The size and the entrapment efficiency of @entity16709 -Tp5-NP were 178 +/- 39 nm and 92.21 +/- 1.08%, respectively. In vitro release data show that less than 60% Tp5 was released from lyophilized @entity16709 -Tp5-NP while 80% Tp5 was released from the colloidal @entity16709 -Tp5-NPs in 48 h. The proliferation test showed that @entity16709 -Tp5-NP had the similar effect as Tp5. The in vivo data showed that oral @entity16709 -Tp5-NPs had similar function as what intravenous Tp5 did. The oral bioavailability of Tp5 could be enhanced by @entity16709 nanoparticles. @entity16709 -Tp5-NP had the property of sustained-release and the efficacy of Tp5 was not changed after formulation.

title: Preparation and evaluation of @entity19013 nanoparticles for oral delivery of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19013 :: ('MESH:D004659|MESH:C049456', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-butylcyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity36808 :: ('MESH:D016305', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymopentin']

answer: @entity36808 :: (MESH:D016305,Chemical) :: ['thymopentin']


abstract: Development of new treatments for @entity734 will depend on high-throughput screening in animal models. However, an addiction biomarker fit for rapid testing, and useful in both @entity1 and animals, is not currently available. Economic models are promising candidates. They offer a structured quantitative approach to modeling behavior that is mathematically identical across species, and accruing evidence indicates economic-based descriptors of @entity1 behavior may be particularly useful biomarkers of addiction severity. However, economic demand has not yet been established as a biomarker of addiction-like behavior in animals, an essential final step in linking animal and @entity1 studies of addiction through economic models. We recently developed a mathematical approach for rapidly modeling economic demand in @entity35 trained to self-administer @entity2072 . We show here that economic demand, as both a spontaneous trait and induced state, predicts addiction-like behavior, including relapse propensity, drug seeking in abstinence, and compulsive (punished) drug taking. These findings confirm economic demand as a biomarker of addiction-like behavior in @entity35 . They also support the view that excessive motivation plays an important role in addiction while extending the idea that @entity734 represents a shift from initially recreational to compulsive drug use. Finally, we found that economic demand for @entity2072 predicted the efficacy of a promising pharmacotherapy ( @entity398 ) in attenuating @entity2072 -seeking behaviors across individuals, demonstrating that economic measures may be used to rapidly identify the clinical utility of prospective addiction treatments.

title: Economic demand predicts addiction-like behavior and therapeutic efficacy of XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug dependence', 'drug addiction']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate reliability, accuracy, and agreement of simple visual estimation (SVE) in determining the degree of peripheral @entity2791 compared with calibrated measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2 sessions, 23 interventionists with a wide range of experience and subspecialty training reviewed 42 angiographic images of lower extremity and carotid arteries (21 iliofemoral arteries and 21 carotid arteries). An independent physician measured all lesions using manual calipers. Intrarater and interrater reliability were assessed by intraclass correlation. A    5% error was considered the threshold for accuracy, and weighted k statistics were computed to assess agreement with respect to the degree of @entity850 (< 50%, nonsignificant; 50%-80%, significant; > 80%, severe). RESULTS: Intrarater reliability of SVE was 0.99, and interrater reliability was 0.83. Accuracy varied from 52.8% for images of severe @entity850 to 26.5% and 18.1% for significant and nonsignificant @entity850 , respectively (P < .001). Agreement between SVE and caliper with regard to degree of @entity850 was good (weighted k 0.56) overall with correct classification ranging from 92.6% for severe @entity850 to 53.4% and 68.2% for significant and nonsignificant @entity850 , respectively (P < .001). Misclassification of nonsignificant and significant @entity850 was more frequent for carotid arteries than for lower extremities. CONCLUSIONS: Despite high reliability, SVE of peripheral @entity2791 has limited accuracy in determining the exact degree of @entity850 . Although severe @entity850 is readily identified by SVE, @entity2791 of < 80% is frequently overestimated, especially for carotid arteries, and should be confirmed by caliper assessment.

title: Reliability and Accuracy of Simple Visual Estimation in Assessment of Peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['Arterial Stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 is more prevalent in populations with high measures of stress, but the neurobiological mechanisms are unclear. Stress is a common precipitant of @entity410 in individuals with @entity302 , and may provoke @entity410 by several mechanisms including changes in neurotransmitter and hormone levels within the brain. Importantly, stress during sensitive periods early in life contributes to 'brain programming', influencing neuronal function and brain networks. However, it is unclear if early-life stress influences limbic excitability and promotes @entity302 . Here we used an established, naturalistic model of @entity102 ( @entity102 ), and employed chronic cortical and limbic video-EEGs combined with molecular and cellular techniques to probe the contributions of stress to age-specific @entity302 and network hyperexcitability and identify the underlying mechanisms. In control male @entity35 , EEGs obtained throughout development were normal and no @entity410 were observed. EEGs demonstrated @entity302 spikes and spike series in the majority of @entity35 experiencing @entity102 , and 57% of @entity102 @entity35 developed @entity410 : Behavioral events resembling the @entity1 age-specific @entity302 infantile @entity2473 occurred in 11/23 (48%), accompanied by EEG spikes and/or electrodecrements, and two additional @entity35 (9%) developed limbic @entity410 that involved the amygdala. Probing for stress-dependent, endogenous convulsant molecules within amygdala, we examined the expression of the pro-convulsant neuropeptide @entity3318 ( @entity3318 ), and found a significant increase of amygdalar--but not cortical-- @entity3318 expression in adolescent @entity102 @entity35 . In conclusion, @entity102 of limited duration has long-lasting effects on brain excitability and may promote age-specific @entity410 and @entity302 . Whereas the mechanisms involved require further study, these findings provide important insights into environmental contributions to early-life @entity410 .

title: Hyper-excitability and @entity302 generated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CES', 'chronic early-life stress']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3318 :: ('81648(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CRH', 'corticotropin-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic early-life stress']


abstract: Strong evidence has recently been reported that @entity308 is accompanied by an acute phase response ( @entity1488 ), characterized by elevated levels of positive acute phase proteins (APPs) and decreased levels of negative APPs. The @entity1488 is also reflected in lowered total serum protein (TSP) and specific changes in the major electrophoretically separated protein fractions. The present study examined pretreatment and posttreatment serum TSP and the concentrations and percentages of the major electrophoretically separated serum protein fractions in 37 major @entity308 subjects, of whom 29 had @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ), and in 29 normal controls. We found that TSP and the percentage and concentration of serum albumin ( @entity2313 ) and gamma-globulin fraction were significantly lower in @entity308 and @entity13217 than in normal controls. Serum beta-globulin concentrations were significantly lower in major @entity308 and @entity13217 subjects than in normal controls. The percentages of the alpha 1- and alpha 2-globulin fractions were significantly higher in major @entity308 subjects than in normal controls. There were no significant effects of subchronic treatment with antidepressants on TSP, the percentage or concentration of the major electrophoretically separated protein fractions, i.e. alpha 1-, alpha 2- and beta-globulin. There was a significant increase in percentage of the gamma-globulin fraction after subchronic treatment with antidepressants. The results support the hypothesis that @entity308 and @entity13217 are accompanied by a chronic @entity1488 .

title: Lower total serum protein, albumin, and beta- and gamma-globulin in major and XXXX : effects of antidepressant treatments.

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'treatment-resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'major depression']

answer: @entity13217 :: (MESH:D061218,Disease) :: ['treatment-resistant depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is little literature examining the use of maximal strength training (MST) in @entity1 with @entity15 (pwMS). This pretest-posttest study examined the effects of a MST program on strength, walking, balance, and fatigue in a sample of pwMS. Seven pwMS (median EDSS 3.0, IQR 1.5) participated in a MST program twice weekly for eight weeks. Strength was assessed with 1-repetition maximum (1RM) on each leg. Walking and balance were measured with the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ), respectively. Fatigue was measured during each week of the program with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The program was well tolerated, with an attendance rate of 96.4%. @entity1 had significant improvements in right leg 1RM (t(6) = -6.032, P = 0.001), left leg 1RM (t(6) = -5.388, P = 0.002), 6MWT distance (t(6) = -2.572, P = 0.042), and @entity2653 score (Z = -2.371, P = 0.018) after the MST intervention. There was no significant change in FSS scores (F(1, 3.312) = 2.411, P = 0.092). @entity1 in the MST program experienced improved balance and walking without an increase in fatigue. This MST program may be utilized by rehabilitation clinicians to improve lower extremity strength, balance, and mobility in pwMS.

title: The Effect of Maximal Strength Training on Strength, Walking, and Balance in XXXX with @entity15 : A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['BBS', 'Berg Balance Scale']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']