abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Guidelines recommend cognitive screening in @entity64 . Various instruments are available, with no consensus on a preferred tool. We aimed to describe test accuracy of brief screening tools for diagnosis of @entity73 and @entity933 in @entity64 . METHODS: We collected data on sequential stroke unit admission in a single center. Four assessors trained in cognitive testing independently performed screening and reference tests. Brief assessments comprised the following: 10- and 4-point Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT-10; AMT-4); 4-A Test (4AT); @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ); @entity51106 ; and Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS). We also recorded the multidisciplinary team's informal review using single question (SQ). We compared against reference standards of Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( @entity15818 ) and Confusion Assessment Method for @entity933 using usual diagnostic cutpoints. For @entity15818 , we described effects of lowering the diagnostic threshold to @entity15818 <24 and @entity15818 <20. We described sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS: Over a 10-week period, 111 subjects had cognitive assessment data. Subjects were 50% male (n=55), and median age was 74 years (interquartile range, 64-85). AMT-4, AMT-10, and SQ all had excellent (1.00) specificity for detection of @entity73 , although sensitivity was poor (all <0.60). The 4AT had greatest sensitivity for detecting @entity933 (1.00 [confidence interval [CI], 0.74-1.00]) and reasonable specificity (0.82 [CI, 0.72-0.89]). Properties of 4AT for detection of @entity73 , at the traditional @entity15818 threshold, were also good (sensitivity, 0.86; specificity, 0.78). Using diagnostic thresholds of @entity15818  <=26, <24, and <20 gave proportions with @entity73 of 86%, 61%, and 49%, respectively, with resulting changes in screening test properties. At lower @entity15818 thresholds, @entity1062 had favorable sensitivity and specificity ( @entity15818 <20: sensitivity, 0.93, specificity, 0.66; @entity15818 <24: sensitivity, 0.85, specificity, 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: Many brief screening assessments are specific but not sensitive for detection of @entity73 in @entity64 . Our primary analysis suggests that 4AT is a reasonable choice for @entity933 and cognitive screening in this setting. However, these data are based on standard @entity15818 diagnostic threshold and may not be suited for an @entity64 .

title: Test accuracy of short screening tests for diagnosis of @entity933 or XXXX in an @entity64 unit setting.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke population', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['CDT', 'Clock Drawing Test']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: Ten healthy first- and second-lactation Holstein @entity291 were observed from 1 week before to 1 week after calving and at postpartum day 30 to determine @entity5309 ( @entity5309 ) functional variation and immunoglobulin binding profiles. Blood and mammary @entity5309 were obtained 3 times weekly and within 24 hours of calving. Functional traits measured included phagocytosis of @entity794 and in vitro chemotaxis through micropore filters in a Boyden chamber. Additionally, @entity5309 were evaluated for endogenous binding of IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM before and after in vitro chemotaxis. Exogenous binding of the same isotypes was determined after incubation in pooled colostrum, purified immunoglobulin, and pooled sera. Phagocytosis results indicated a significant and transient increase in percentage of milk @entity5309 with associated, rather than phagocytosed, bacteria for 1 week after calving. Blood @entity5309 phagocytosis was not significantly different during this period. Though total chemotaxis was essentially unchanged, the percentage of @entity5309 that were unable to complete migration increased substantially on the day of calving, an effect that disappeared by postpartum day 4. A significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation (r = 0.29) between percentage of @entity5309 migrating completely through the micropore filter and percentage of blood @entity5309 with associated bacteria was observed. Changes were not observed in endogenous immunoglobulin binding, with the exception of a peak in relative fluorescence intensity for IgG1 on the day of calving; this disappeared within 2 days after calving. Correlations between relative intensities of IgG2 and IgM, and percentage of mammary neutrophils phagocytosing were 0.37 and 0.70.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Functional variation in endogenous and exogenous immunoglobulin binding to XXXX neutrophils relative to parturition.

entities_list: @entity5309 :: ('MESH:C564275', 'Disease') :: ['PMN', 'polymorphonuclear neutrophil']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Mutations in the 5' non-coding region of @entity10646 are rarely reported in @entity1 with @entity5108 ( @entity5108 ). We therefore aimed to assess the frequency and identities of the @entity10646 5' non-coding region mutations in a cohort of @entity5108 . We analyzed the 5' non-coding region of @entity10646 (including the promoter P2 and exon 1b) in 91 unrelated @entity5108 @entity1 without an identified genetic cause. Two mutations, @entity50706 , and @entity50707 , were identified in one @entity1 each. One polymorphism, @entity50708 , was also identified in 53 @entity1 and 73 of the 100 control subjects. The luciferase reporter assays showed that @entity50707 significantly reduced the luciferase expression with or without @entity6489 activation, whereas @entity50706 impaired the expression only with @entity6489 co-expression. @entity50708 had no apparent functional effect. Mutations in the 5' non-coding region of @entity10646 account for 0.8% (2 of 251) of @entity5108 and 2.2% (2 of 91) of genetically unassigned @entity5108 in a Taiwanese cohort. As previously demonstrated, @entity50707 and @entity50706 may cause @entity5108 through compromising @entity10646 expression whereas @entity50708 is a benign variant. This study highlights the pathogenic role of the @entity10646 5' non-coding region mutations in @entity5108 , and suggests that their identification should be considered for @entity5108 @entity1 without commonly observed mutations.

title: Mutational analysis of the 5' non-coding region of XXXX in a Taiwanese cohort with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease', 'CMT']

answer: @entity10646 :: (2705,Gene) :: ['GJB1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High plasma @entity1369 has deleterious cardiovascular effects that are independent of blood pressure, but the role of the mineralocorticoid receptor remains unclear. @entity8 is a rare @entity74 caused by @entity23229 loss-of-function mutations, which is characterized by renal salt loss and compensatory high @entity916 and aldo secretion. We aimed to assess the cardiovascular outcomes in adults carrying @entity23229 mutations. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this case-control study, 39 @entity23229 mutation carriers were compared with sex- and age-paired noncarriers. @entity1 underwent cardiac and vascular ultrasound, cardiac MRI with @entity2287 injection, measurement of pulse wave velocity, extracellular water, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, and @entity3002 . Mutation carriers showed increased aldo and @entity916 plasma levels (4.5- and 1.6-fold, respectively; P<0.0001), together with increased salt appetite (1.8-fold; P=0.002), with normal extracellular water and blood pressure, and no autonomous nervous system activation. @entity299 were not significantly different between mutation carriers and noncarriers (no left @entity5707 or @entity82 , normal left ventricular systolic function, and aorta stiffness). Tissue Doppler showed better diastolic left ventricular function in mutation carriers (e', P=0.001; E/e', P=0.003). Mutation carriers had significantly more frequent history of slow body weight recovery at birth, symptomatic @entity551 , and @entity2208 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite life-long increase in plasma @entity1369 and @entity916 levels, no adverse cardiovascular outcome occurred in @entity28178 , but rather an improved diastolic left ventricular function. This suggests that the cardiovascular consequences of @entity1369 excess require full mineralocorticoid receptor signaling. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT00646828.

title: Cardiovascular effects of XXXX : insight from adult carriers of mineralocorticoid receptor mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['autonomous nervous system activity']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac and vascular parameters']

entities_list: @entity28178 :: ('MESH:D011546', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: Accelerated @entity713 is postulated to be due to enhanced @entity10804 of a high AV junctional focus. The @entity859 response of this rhythm was tested in 17 @entity1 (7 males, 12-83 years). The indications of electrophysiology study were nonspecific palpitation (n = 5), unexplained @entity1163 (n = 6), postablation of accessory pathways (n = 4), and postmodification of AV nodal reentry @entity591 (n = 2). The sinus node and AV nodal functions were normal. Pacing and programmed electrical stimulation failed to induce any @entity943 at baseline. The accelerated junctional rhythm (cycle length = 553 +/- 134 ms) was initiated spontaneously in all @entity1 after @entity3044 infusion (1-2 micrograms/min). It was not suppressible by overdrive pacing. Cessation of @entity3044 infusion terminated the rhythm in all @entity1 . @entity859 (6 mg) reproducibly terminated the accelerated junctional rhythm in all @entity1 . In six @entity1 , @entity859 suppressed the junctional rhythm without producing AV @entity616 . In the other 11 @entity1 , the junctional rhythm was terminated prior to the occurrence of AV @entity616 . @entity1855 was tested in ten @entity1 and 5 mg of intravenous @entity1855 terminated the junctional rhythm in all @entity1 . In conclusion, the mechanism of @entity2922 -induced accelerated @entity713 is most likely enhanced @entity10804 , and @entity2922 -induced accelerated AV junctional @entity10804 is sensitive to @entity859 and @entity1855 . @entity859 appears to have differential effects on @entity2922 -enhanced AV junctional @entity10804 and AV nodal conduction. This suggests that, under @entity2922 stimulation, @entity859 may have different mechanisms of action on AV nodal conduction and @entity10804 .

title: Effect of @entity859 and XXXX in @entity2922 -induced accelerated @entity713 : insights into the underlying mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine', 'Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV junctional rhythm']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity10804 :: ('MESH:C537069', 'Disease') :: ['automaticity']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nodal block']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the @entity4687 Protection Against Recurrent @entity64 Study (PROGRESS) is to determine the effects of a long-term @entity1289 ( @entity1289 )-inhibitor-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen on the risk of @entity64 among @entity1 with a history of @entity64 or @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ). Secondary aims include investigation of the effects of treatment on total cardiovascular events, @entity303 and disability. DESIGN AND METHODS: PROGRESS is a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. @entity1 were randomly assigned to treatment with the @entity1289 inhibitor @entity4687 (and the diuretic indapamide for those with no definite indication or contraindication to treatment with a diuretic) versus matching placebo(s). Both @entity101 and non- @entity101 @entity1 were eligible for inclusion. Follow-up is scheduled for completion in 2001. The study is being conducted in 172 centres in 10 countries (Australia, Belgium, China, France, Italy, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden and the United Kingdom). RESULTS: Recruitment was completed in November 1997, with 6105 @entity1 randomized. Mean age of @entity1 at study entry was 64 years, 30% of whom were female, 84% had an entry diagnosis of @entity64 , and the remainder had an entry diagnosis of @entity4905 alone. Mean baseline blood pressure was 147/86 mm Hg, with about half the @entity1 reporting current drug treatment for @entity101 . At randomization, 58% of @entity1 were assigned to combination treatment with both study drugs versus placebos, and 42% were assigned to @entity4687 alone versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS: The successful completion of recruitment, together with current indicators of statistical power, suggest that PROGRESS should achieve its primary aim on schedule.

title: PROGRESS - @entity4687 Protection Against Recurrent XXXX Study: characteristics of the study population at baseline. Progress Management Committee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril', 'Perindopril']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the use of HbA1c testing would help identify @entity2316 (PTDM). METHODS: In all, 199 adult kidney transplant recipients at least 3 months posttransplant without previous history of @entity6 or elevated fasting blood sugar were studied. Medical history, a fasting blood @entity413 , calcineurin inhibitor blood level, and HbA1c were obtained. Primary outcome was the incidence of subjects with HbA1c > or =6.1%. The covariates were use of @entity205 or @entity1140 , time posttransplant, body mass index (BMI) at transplant and change since transplant, current @entity134 dose, history of graft rejection, current fasting @entity413 , age, and race. Proportions were compared between HbA1c <6 and > or =6.1% using Fisher's exact test. Means were compared using Student's t test. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with elevated HbA1c. RESULTS: Twenty subjects (10.1%) had an elevated HbA1c. High normal fasting @entity413 (P=0.003) and African American race (P=0.08, marginally significant) were found to be associated with an elevated HbA1c. Subjects with normal and abnormal HbA1c levels were otherwise similar. There was no difference in HbA1c in @entity1140 versus @entity205 treated subjects or in the percent of subjects with elevated HbA1c between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: HbA1c levels were found to be more a more sensitive test than fasting blood @entity413 levels in PTDM, with 10.1% of all @entity1 and 19.4% of blacks found to have an elevated HbA1c. HbA1c testing should be considered as a screening test for PTDM, especially in African Americans.

title: Utility of HbA1c in the detection of subclinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['postrenal transplant diabetes']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['post renal transplant diabetes']


abstract: This review focuses on the growth factors (primarily IGFs, @entity7790 and @entity5357 ) that control both proliferation and differentiation of the normal intestinal epithelial cells and their involvement in intestinal tumorigenesis. Integrity of the digestive tissue is dependent on continuous coordination between cell growth and maturation along the crypt- villus axis. Beyond an intricate network of various regulatory molecules, such a regulation is essentially in close connection with the opposite biological effects delivered on a same target cell by @entity7790 and @entity2533 . Growth factors act via regulatory autocrine/paracrine loops that are physiological means to deliver biological signals throughout the normal gut tissue. During tumorigenesis, cell progressively lose their sensitivity towards such extracellular regulatory loops. @entity7790 insensitivity is linked to constitutive activation of intracellular pathways that induce uncontrolled cell growth. The incapacity to respond to @entity2533 that is due to an alteration of its intracellular pathway does not allow the negative regulation of cell proliferation or the induction of cell differentiation. Concurrently, the disappearance of an @entity5100 extracellular autocrine loop appears to be correlated with cells maintained in an undifferentiated state. These alterations lead to a break between the metabolic pathways involved in the delicate control of the proliferation/differentiation balance. This leads to an unscheduled increase of positive proliferative signals which are responsible for an uncoordinated epithelial cell growth that favour @entity5 cell clone outgrowth. From these experimental data, essentially obtained in vitro, we propose a tentative colorectal tumorigenesis model that links both growth factor pathways and genetic (oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes) alterations. However, such a model only represents a part of the multiple cell and molecular interactions that are set in action in vivo. It remains to decipher their consistency in order to improve new therapeutic strategies.

title: [Growth factors and XXXX ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intestinal cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity2 may be described adequately using a rigid body assumption or whether they deform during normal respiration. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty @entity1 with early stage @entity1149 underwent four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) simulation. The gross @entity5 volume (GTV) was delineated on the 4D CT images. Image registration was performed in the vicinity of the GTV. The volume of interest for registration was the GTV and minimal volume of surrounding non-GTV tissue. Three types of registration were performed: translation only, translation + rotation, and deformable. The GTV contour from end-inhale was mapped to end-exhale using the registration-derived transformation field. The results were evaluated using three metrics: overlap index (OI), @entity614 ( @entity614 ), and @entity5529 ( @entity5529 ). RESULTS: After translation only image registration, on average OI increased by 21.3%, @entity614 and @entity5529 reduced by 1.2 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively. The succeeding increases in OI after translation + rotation and deformable registration were 1.1% and 1.4% respectively. The succeeding reductions in @entity614 were 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm respectively. No reduction in @entity5529 was observed after translation + rotation and deformable image registration compared with translation only registration. The difference in the results from the three registration scenarios was independent of GTV size and motion amplitude. CONCLUSIONS: The primary effect of normal respiration on @entity2 was the translation of @entity5 . Rotation and @entity2 was determined to be minimal.

title: Do XXXX in the lung deform during normal respiration? An image registration investigation.

entities_list: @entity5529 :: ('MESH:C535290', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hausdorff distance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'deformation of lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'root-mean-squared distance']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the early results of arthroscopic treatment in @entity1 with missed occult greater tuberosity (GT) @entity174 of the humerus using the arthroscopic suture-bridge fixation technique. METHODS: Between January 2007 and August 2010, we used arthroscopic suture-bridge fixation in 15 cases of missed occult GT @entity174 , which were referred to our department with persistent symptoms following @entity130 , despite physical therapy. Occult GT @entity174 was diagnosed with @entity236 seen on magnetic resonance imaging in all @entity1 . There were 13 male and 2 female @entity1 with a mean age of 45 years (range 31-67 years). Mean time period until the surgery following the initial @entity130 was 4 months (1.5-12 months). For the measurement of clinical outcomes, we assessed the range of motion and evaluated the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores and simple shoulder test (SST). RESULTS: The early clinical results were evaluated in these @entity1 at a mean of 24 months (range 14-36 months) after surgery. All the @entity1 were satisfied with the surgery. The mean UCLA, ASES, and SST scores improved from preoperative 15, 39, and 2 to postoperative 33, 91, and 11, respectively (P < .05). Mean forward flexion, abduction, external rotation at the neutral position, and internal rotation were improved to 159  , 155  , 24  , and L1, respectively, at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION: In the occult GT @entity174 with persistent shoulder symptoms, arthroscopic suture-bridge fixation and early rehabilitation showed excellent clinical outcomes on a short-term follow-up study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective review, Level IV.

title: Arthroscopic management of occult greater tuberosity XXXX of the shoulder.

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: General anaesthetics depress swallowing and this is a reason to delay oral intake after general anaesthesia. The swallowing reflex was studied 2 h after general anaesthesia for @entity1 undergoing colonoscopy. Forty-one @entity1 were anaesthetized with @entity1363 75 micrograms.kg-1 followed by a continuous infusion of @entity1875 and 39 @entity1 with @entity1875 1.5 mg.kg-1 bolus followed by an infusion. Swallowing reflex was measured by electromyography 2 h after induction of anaesthesia, before and 5 min after the administration of @entity5757 (0.2 mg) or placebo. Two h after anaesthesia, the state of consciousness was almost normal in all @entity1 and did not change after @entity5757 . At two hours, the latency times for the swallowing reflex in @entity1 treated with @entity1875 alone were of 1.4 +/- 0.4 s and were significantly shorter (P < 0.05) than the value of 1.9 +/- 0.8 s observed in @entity1 who received @entity1363 with @entity1875 . In the latter group the latency time of the swallowing reflex was significantly reduced following the administration of @entity5757 but not placebo. In @entity1 who received @entity1875 without @entity1363 , the administration of @entity5757 or placebo was not associated with significant changes in the latency times. There were also no significant differences in the latency times in the subgroup that received @entity1363 followed by @entity5757 and the @entity1875 alone groups that did or did not receive @entity5757 . These results suggest that @entity1363 still exerts a @entity308 effect on the swallowing reflex 2 h after its administration despite the recovery of normal consciousness.

title: @entity1363 / XXXX but not @entity1875 alone reversibly depress the swallowing reflex.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ), which measures performance status (100 = best performance to 0 = dead), and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), which measures severity of 9 symptoms, are routinely collected at ambulatory @entity5 visits in Ontario. This study describes the trajectory of scores in @entity1 with @entity5 in the last 6 months of life. METHODS: An observational study was conducted between 2007 and 2010. @entity1 had @entity43 and required 1 or more @entity2653 or ESAS assessment in the 6 months before @entity204 . Outcomes were the average @entity2653 and ESAS scores per week before @entity204 . Using logistic regression, we analyzed the odds ratio of reporting a moderate to severe score for each symptom. RESULTS: Seven hundred ninety-five ( @entity2653 ) and 1299 (ESAS) @entity1 were included. The average @entity2653 score started at 70 and ended at 30, rapidly declining in the last 2 months. For ESAS symptoms, drowsiness, decreased well-being, lack of appetite, and tiredness increased in severity closer to @entity204 and were prevalent in more than 70% of @entity1 in the last week of life. @entity1 with @entity5 had increased odds of moderate to severe @entity158 (1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.32) compared with @entity43 . CONCLUSIONS: Trajectories of mean performance status had not reached the "end-of-life" phase until 1 week before @entity204 . A large proportion of the @entity5 @entity1 reported moderate to severe symptom scores as @entity204 approached. @entity158 was uniquely elevated in the @entity5 cohort as @entity204 approached. Adequately managing the symptom burden appears to be a significant issue in end-of-life gynecologic care.

title: Performance status and symptom scores of XXXX with @entity5 at the end of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian/fallopian tube, uterine, and cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Palliative Performance Scale', 'PPS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Dissociated cell suspensions were prepared from the ventral midbrain of normal @entity19 foetuses and stereotaxically implanted into the neostriatum of 2-3 months old homozygous weaver mutant @entity19 , which are severely deficient in @entity935 . In tests of @entity4944 -induced turning behaviour 60 days after grafting, recipient animals displayed a rotational bias opposite to the grafted side. Prior to perfusion, which was carried out at 80 days after transplantation surgery, the grafted striata of the weaver recipients were deprived of their intrinsic mesostriatal @entity935 input by local injections of @entity2955 into the ipsilateral substantia nigra in order to selectively study the innervation derived from the graft. Grafts were found to contain an estimated 100-700 @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactive neurones. An ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that both axons and dendrites immunoreactive for @entity669 hydroxylase extended from the graft into the recipient striatum. In the host striatum proximal to the graft (i.e. at a distance of 0.0-0.5 mm from the graft) the proportion of dendrites to axons was about 1:2, whereas distal to the graft (i.e. at a distance of 0.5-1.0 mm) it was 1:20. Graft-derived @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactive axons were primarily found in apposition with unlabelled dendrites or spines of the recipient striatum (greater than 90%). Graft-derived dopaminergic dendrites received synaptic input from unlabelled axon terminals and were opposed to the unlabelled somata of striatal neurones in a few instances. In conclusion, this study shows that mesencephalic cell suspensions survive in the weaver striatum and provide a functional @entity935 innervation which comprises both axonal and dendritic processes.

title: Intrastriatal implants of mesencephalic cell suspensions in weaver mutant XXXX : ultrastructural relationships of dopaminergic dendrites and axons issued from the graft.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In the limbic status model of chronic @entity1315 , hippocampal stimulation induces acute @entity159 in @entity35 ; recurrent, spontaneous @entity410 develop following an asymptomatic silent period lasting several weeks. Previous work has shown increased excitability and decreased inhibition in @entity1249 pyramidal neurons in chronically @entity302 animals. To determine the relationship of altered cellular responses to @entity410 onset, in vitro intracellular recording was used to follow the evolution of changes in synaptic physiology occurring during the @entity410 -free silent period. Pyramidal cells displayed @entity302 throughout the period investigated, 3-14 days following status; the mean number of evoked action potentials from 1.1+/-0.05 in control cells to 2.4+/-0.4 early (3 days after status) and 4. 3+/-0.7 late (14 days) in the silent period. Monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials mediated by @entity1246 -A receptors in silent period cells differed markedly from controls. Area, rise time, and duration of these potentials decreased by 40-60% within 3 days following status and to values commensurate with chronically @entity302 animals in 7 to 10 days. @entity1246 -B receptor-mediated IPSPs diminished more gradually in the silent period, reaching a minimum at day 14. In contrast, presynaptic @entity1246 -B receptor function showed maximum impairment 3 days after status. The @entity1245 type 1 receptor agonist @entity2492 reduced hyperexcitability in both silent period and chronically @entity302 cells, but was more effective at unmasking the underlying IPSP in silent period neurons. The results indicate that changes in different components of pyramidal cell inhibitory synaptic physiology associated with chronic @entity302 in this model evolve individually at different rates, but are all complete before @entity410 onset. Although the results do not imply causality, they do suggest that the development of physiological changes in @entity1249 pyramidal cells may contribute to the lag period preceding the onset of chronic @entity410 .

title: Ontogeny of altered synaptic function in a @entity35 model of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'gamma-Aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'increasing epileptiform activity', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: In severe gram-negative infections @entity581 generally remain the first-line antibiotic. Their use is limited by the high risk of side effects and, especially, nephrotoxicity. High peak levels are crucial for antibacterial activity, whereas toxic side effects are determined by the more prolonged trough levels. Thus, @entity581 should not be given by intramuscular injection because the peak levels achieved are inadequate, whilst long-lasting elevated plasma trough levels result. On administration of a daily single dose intravenously high antibacterial efficacy can be combined with low nephrotoxicity. Besides the dose-dependent bactericidal effect, the post-antibiotic effect of @entity581 is of importance. The main site of nephrotoxicity are the proximal tubule epithelial cells. @entity8 is usually reversible after discontinuation of drug therapy. Toxic @entity810 is not uncommon (5-35%) and usually dependent on the underlying disease, preexisting renal function, hydration state, age, cumulative dose, additional medication, previous therapy with @entity581 and the choice of the specific @entity4028 . By implementing a single daily dose regimen in conjunction with adequate hydration, alkalization therapy with @entity3157 , monitoring of plasma trough levels and minimization of the duration of therapy (5 days), development of @entity8 can be prevented in the large majority of @entity1 . Hence, @entity810 has become an avoidable, and much less frequently observed complication of @entity4028 therapy due to these measures.

title: [ XXXX -induced nephrotoxicity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal toxicity', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['Aminoglycoside']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three different induction techniques, with or without @entity4094 , on tracheal intubation, haemodynamic responses and cardiac rhythm. Ninety @entity1 , aged 1-3 years, undergoing day-case adenoidectomy were randomly allocated to three groups: group @entity1950 received @entity4490 5 mg kg-1 and @entity2900 1.5 mg kg-1, group H 5 Vol.% @entity1508 and group PA @entity680 10 micrograms kg-1 and @entity1875 3 mg kg-1 for induction of anaesthesia. No anti-cholinergics were used. Holter-monitoring of the heart rate and rhythm was started at least 15 min before induction of anaesthesia and continued until 3 min after intubation. Tracheal intubation was performed by an anaesthetist blinded to the induction method and judged as excellent, moderate or poor according to ease of laryngoscopy, position of vocal cords and incidence of coughing after intubation. Tracheal intubation was successful at the first attempt in all @entity1 in groups @entity1950 and H and but only in 80% in group PA (P = 0.001). Intubating conditions were excellent in 22 (73%), 22 (73%) and one (3%) of the @entity1 in groups @entity1950 , H and PA, respectively (P = 0.001). @entity943 ( @entity4710 or junctional rhythm) occurred in two (7%) @entity1 in groups PA and H each ( @entity7031 ). @entity1168 occurred in 0 (0%), four (14%) and six (21%) @entity1 in groups @entity1950 , H and PA, respectively (P = 0.007 PA vs. @entity1950 , P = 0.03 H vs. @entity1950 ). In conclusion, induction of anaesthesia with @entity1875 3 mg kg-1 and @entity680 10 micrograms kg-1 without @entity4094 did not provide acceptable intubating conditions in @entity1 1-3 years, although it preserved arterial pressure better than @entity4490 / @entity2900 or @entity1508 . @entity943 were few regardless of the induction method.

title: Induction characteristics of @entity4490 / @entity2900 , @entity1875 / @entity680 or @entity1508 alone in XXXX aged 1-3 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular extrasystole']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['suxamethonium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe two- and five-year survival of @entity1 with Stage I to III @entity1204 and to identify prognostic factors. STUDY DESIGN: Concurrent cohort study. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-two @entity1 were operated on by the same surgeon and followed up for at least two years. All the histopathological examinations were performed by the same pathologist. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Age, body mass index, @entity5 grade, myometrial invasion, histological type and stage were correlated with @entity204 . RESULTS: Overall survival at two and five years was 90.2% and 81.4%, respectively. By bivariate analysis, FIGO stage, myometrial invasion, @entity5 grade, histology, adnexal and/or lymph node @entity3 and age were significant predictors of @entity204 (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations with @entity204 : FIGO Stage III (p = 0.001), histological type other than endometrioid (p = 0.027) and age 70 or more (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: @entity1204 Stage III @entity1 , histological types other than endometrioid and age 70 years or more are at significant risk for @entity204 .

title: Survival and prognostic factors of XXXX treated for Stage I to @entity1204 in a reference @entity5 center in Southern Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'Endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the relationship between @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) levels and right ventricular (RV) function in @entity1 with @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ), and to investigate the hemodynamic parameters that predict reduction of @entity3876 levels after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty ( @entity22844 ). BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated @entity3876 in the context of @entity4794 , specifically the impact of the @entity64 work (RVSW) on serum @entity3876 levels has not been defined. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with symptomatic @entity4794 in sinus rhythm who were referred for a @entity22844 were enrolled. Right and left heart pressures were obtained before and after valvuloplasty. RVSW index (RVSWI) was calculated by cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: Basal @entity3876 levels were elevated in @entity4794 @entity1 and correlated with several hemodynamic parameters including pulmonary pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance index, cardiac index (CI), and RVSWI. In multivariate analysis, CI and RVSWI were independent predictors of raised basal @entity3876 levels. @entity22844 resulted in a significant decrease in the RVSWI with a concurrent increase in CI (2.4        0.43 to 2.9        0.8   L/min/m(2), P   =   0.010). Overall, plasma @entity3876 levels significantly decreased from 124 (63/234) to 73 (48/148)   pg/ml postvalvuloplasty. Multivariate analysis revealed that the reduction of left atrial (LA) pressure post- @entity22844 was an independent predictor of change in @entity3876 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated baseline @entity3876 level in @entity4794 @entity1 was independently associated with CI and RVSWI. Plasma @entity3876 levels were reduced after successful @entity22844 , which was associated with the reduction of the LA pressure.

title: The impact of right @entity64 work on B-type natriuretic peptide levels in XXXX with @entity4794 undergoing percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['RV stroke']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'rheumatic MS', 'mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The greatest need for blood substitutes worldwide is in @entity1 with unanticipated @entity190 , and @entity130 is the most likely scenario. The blood substitutes reaching advanced clinical trials today are red blood cell (RBC) substitutes derived from hemoglobin. The hemoglobin-based @entity26 carriers (HBOCs) tested currently in advanced clinical trials are polymerized hemoglobin solutions. METHODS: In the USA, the standard approach to restoring @entity26 delivery for @entity548 has been crystalloid administration to expand intravascular volume, followed by stored RBCs for critical @entity417 . Allogeneic RBCs, however, may have adverse immunoinflammatory effects that increase the risk of postinjury @entity881 ( @entity881 ). Phase II in hospital clinical trials, as well as in vitro and in vivo work, suggest that resuscitation with an HBOC--in lieu of stored RBCs--attenuates the systemic inflammatory response invoked in the pathogenesis of @entity881 . Specifically, an HBOC has been shown to obviate stored RBC-provoked polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming, endothelial activation, and systemic release of @entity50044 . In a 2-event rodent study of shock-induced PMN-mediated @entity649 ( @entity649 ), the simulated prehospital administration of an HBOC markedly @entity651 . RESULTS: Based on this background and work by others, we have initiated a US multicenter prehospital trial in which severely injured @entity1 with major blood loss [systolic blood pressure (SBP)<or=90 mmHg] are randomized to initial field resuscitation with crystalloid versus HBOC. During the hospital phase, the control group is further resuscitated with stored RBCs whereas the study group receives HBOC (up to 6 units) in the first 12 hours. The primary study endpoint is decreased 30-day mortality, and secondary endpoints include reductions in administration of allogeneic RBCs and uncrossmatched RBCs; avoiding circulating hemoglobin levels<5 g/dl; and decreased @entity649 and @entity881 . CONCLUSIONS: To date, >500 injured @entity1 have been enrolled in this multicenter trial, and the final interim analyses support the original target of 720.

title: Hemoglobin-based @entity26 carriers in XXXX care: scientific rationale for the US multicenter prehosptial trial.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['acute blood loss']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated lung injury']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity260 ( @entity260 ) can negatively impact survival after oncologic resection. @entity260 may also decrease the rate of adjuvant therapy completion. We evaluated the impact of complications on @entity356 survival and analyzed the combined effect of complications and adjuvant therapy on survival. METHODS: We analyzed 824 @entity1 from 7 institutions of the U.S. @entity356 Collaborative who underwent curative resection for @entity356 between 2000 and 2012. POC were graded using the modified Clavien-Dindo system. Survival probabilities were estimated using the method of Kaplan and Meier and analyzed using multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 35  months. The overall complication rate was 41  %. The 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 who experienced complications were 27 and 23  %, respectively, compared with 43 and 40  % in @entity1 who did not have complications (p  <  0.0001 for @entity1349 and @entity1349 ). On multivariate analysis, POC remained an independent predictor for decreased @entity1349 and @entity1349 (HR 1.3, 95  % CI 1.1-1.6, p  =  0.03 for @entity1349 ; HR 1.3, 95  % CI 1.01-1.6, p  =  0.03 for @entity1349 ). @entity1 who experienced POC were less likely to receive adjuvant therapy (OR 0.5, 95  % CI 0.3-0.7, p  <  0.001). The interaction of complications and failure to receive adjuvant therapy significantly increased the hazard of @entity204 compared with @entity1 who had neither complications nor adjuvant therapy (HR 2.3, 95  % CI 1.6-3.2, p  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity260 adversely affect long-term outcomes after gastrectomy for @entity356 . Not receiving adjuvant therapy in the face of POC portends an especially poor prognosis following gastrectomy for @entity356 .

title: Interaction of Postoperative Morbidity and Receipt of Adjuvant Therapy on Long-Term Survival After Resection for @entity356 : Results From the U.S. XXXX Collaborative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['POCs', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to be potent in inducing cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response leading to the efficient anti- @entity5 effect in active immunotherapy. Myeloid DCs are conventionally generated from @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of @entity3646 and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). Streptococcal preparation @entity1012 , which is known to be a multiple cytokine inducer, has been extensively studied as to its maturation effects on immature DCs using an in vitro culture system. The purpose of this study was to examine whether it could be possible to generate mature DCs directly from peripheral monocytes using @entity1012 . We specifically focused on the possibility that recombinant cytokines, which are considered to be essential for in vitro DC generation, could be substituted by @entity1012 . @entity1 peripheral monocytes, which were obtained from @entity1 with @entity5 , were cultured with @entity3646 and @entity1012 for 7 days. Cultured cells were compared with DCs generated in the presence of @entity3646 and @entity2841 with or without @entity1012 with regard to the surface phenotype as well as the antigen-presenting capacity. As a result, the culture of monocytes in the presence of @entity3646 followed by the addition of @entity1012 on day 4 ( @entity3646 /OK-DC) induced cells with a fully mature DC phenotype. Functional assays also demonstrated that @entity3646 /OK-DCs had a strong antigen-presenting capacity determined by their enhanced antigen-specific CTL response and exerted a Th1-type T cell response which is critical for the induction of anti- @entity5 response. In conclusion, @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes cultured in the presence of @entity3646 and @entity1012 without exogenous @entity2841 demonstrated a fully mature DC phenotype and strong antigen-presenting capacity. This one-step culture protocol allows us to generate fully mature DCs directly from monocytes in 7 days and thus, this protocol can be applicable for DC-based anti- @entity5 immunotherapy.

title: Mature dendritic cells generated from @entity1 -derived peripheral blood monocytes in one-step culture using streptococcal preparation XXXX exert an enhanced antigen-presenting capacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1012 :: (MESH:D010844,Chemical) :: ['OK-432']


abstract: We characterised two sublines of @entity6962 cells generated by epigenetic changes. Subline 1 cells were mostly polarised and made no or only non-adhesive cell-substratum contacts. Subline 2 cells were spread, adhesive and mainly non-polar. Subline 1 cells migrate in a non-adhesive mode which is very efficient but operates only in a 3D environment, whereas subline 2 cells migrate in an adhesive mode, which is less efficient but works on 2D and 3D substrata. @entity10612 had little or no effect on shape, polarity and locomotion of subline 1 cells. In glass-adherent subline 2 cells, 10(-6)M @entity10612 increased the proportion of polarised cells migrating in an adhesive mode and decreased adhesion to the substratum, whereas 10(-5)M @entity10612 further reduced the contacts and the cells reverted to a non-adhesive mode of locomotion. When non-polar subline 2 cells were detached mechanically or by @entity10612 , they became polarised and morphologically indistinguishable from non-adherent subline 1 cells. On more adhesive plastic substrata, subline 2 cells produced heterogeneous responses to @entity10612 including loss of polarity. The phenotypes of @entity6962 sublines have similarities with a broad range of cell types ranging from leucocytes to fibroblast-like cells, suggesting that these phenotypic differences can be controlled by the adhesive and contractile state rather than the cell type. Adhesion modulates contractility (isometric or isotonic contraction) and vice versa and this determines morphology (shape, F-actin, @entity3999 and @entity8859 ), locomotion and responses to microtubule-disassembly. The model may be applied to analyse the mechanisms controlling the phenotype of cells in general.

title: Phenotype modulation in non-adherent and adherent sublines of XXXX cells: the role of cell-substratum contacts and microtubules in controlling cell shape, locomotion and cytoskeletal structure.

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole', 'Nocodazole']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['Walker carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity6962 :: (MESH:D002296,Disease) :: ['Walker carcinosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy persists surrounding early management of @entity4998 . We assessed genital appearance, gender identity, and quality of life in prepubertal @entity1 who have had early surgical intervention. METHODS: @entity1 treated for @entity4998 who were 5 to 10 years of age were eligible (n = 54). @entity1 were scored (modified Creighton scale) for anatomical and cosmetic outcome, and both @entity1 and parents completed PedsQL quality-of-life and gender identity questionnaires, with ethics approval. RESULTS: Of 54 @entity1 , 41 presented for review. Treatment began at 13.2 (1.8-250.1) months (median; range) and were reviewed at 7.5 +/- 2.1 (mean +/- SD) years of age. Nineteen were raised as @entity1 and 22 as @entity1 . @entity1 had good (85%) or satisfactory (15%) anatomical/cosmetic outcome, whereas 52% @entity1 had good, 38% satisfactory, and 10% poor cosmetic outcomes. On gender identity questionnaire, @entity1 scored 3.9 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- SD) and @entity1 3.6 +/- 0.5; 1 of 19 @entity1 and 3 of 19 @entity1 had lower scores, suggesting risk of @entity5748 . Quality-of-life scores were 80+ for physical and 65 to 80 for psychosocial scores. CONCLUSIONS: Early intervention is generally associated with positive outcomes for @entity1 and parents. @entity1 had better anatomical outcomes than @entity1 , and @entity18268 risks were low in both sexes.

title: Results from a pediatric surgical centre justify early intervention in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity18268 :: ('MESH:D019968', 'Disease') :: ['gender dysphoria']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['gender identity disorder']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of sex development']

answer: @entity4998 :: (MESH:D012734,Disease) :: ['disorders of sex development']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for developing a first @entity159 ( @entity159 ) among @entity1 with a first @entity410 ( @entity410 ). STUDY DESIGN: Cases were @entity1 with a first @entity410 that was @entity159 drawn from the Consequences of Prolonged @entity410 in Childhood and Columbia cohorts. Controls were @entity1 with a first simple @entity410 and separately, @entity1 with a first complex @entity410 that was not @entity159 . Identical questionnaires were administered to family members of the 3 cohorts. Magnetic resonance imaging protocol and readings were consistent across cohorts, and @entity410 phenomenology was assessed by the same physicians. Risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 with simple @entity410 , @entity159 was associated with younger age, lower temperature, longer duration (1-24 hours) of recognized temperature before @entity410 , female sex, structural @entity1315 , and first-degree family history of @entity410 . Compared with @entity1 with other complex @entity410 , @entity159 was associated with low temperature and longer duration (1-24 hours) of temperature recognition before @entity410 . Risk factors for complex @entity410 that was not @entity159 were similar in magnitude to those for @entity159 but only younger age was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with a first @entity410 , @entity159 appears to be due to a combination of lower @entity410 threshold (younger age and lower temperatures) and impaired regulation of @entity410 duration. Clinicians evaluating @entity410 should be aware of these factors as many episodes of @entity159 go unnoticed. Further work is needed to develop strategies to prevent @entity159 .

title: Risk factors for XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'FS', 'febrile seizure', 'Febrile Seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['FSE', 'febrile status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['febrile status epilepticus']


abstract: @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) destroys ovarian follicles at all stages of development. This study investigated @entity106 -induced DNA double strand break (DSB) formation with subsequent activation of the ovarian DNA repair response in models of pre-antral or pre-ovulatory follicle loss. Postnatal day (PND) 4 Fisher 344 (F344) @entity35 ovaries were cultured for 4 days followed by single exposures of vehicle control (1% @entity3733 ) or @entity106 (12.5 nM or 75 nM) and maintained in culture for 4 or 8 days. Alternately, PND4 F344 @entity35 ovaries were exposed to 1  M @entity106 at the start of culture for 2 days. Total RNA or protein was isolated, followed by qPCR or Western blotting to quantify mRNA or protein level, respectively. yH2AX and phosphorylated @entity46982 were localized and quantified using immunofluorescence staining. @entity106 exposure increased @entity4124 and yH2AX protein. Additionally, @entity106 (12.5 nM and 1  M) increased levels of mRNA encoding @entity46982 , @entity46983 , @entity46984 and @entity46985 . In contrast, @entity17816 mRNA was decreased on d4 and increased on d8 of @entity106 exposure, while @entity17816 protein increased after 8 days of @entity106 exposure. Total @entity46982 increased in a concentration-dependent temporal pattern (75 nM d4; 12.5 nM d8), while pATM was localized in large primary and secondary follicles and increased after 8 days of 75 nM @entity106 exposure compared to both control and 12.5 nM @entity106 . These findings support that, despite some concentration effects, @entity106 induces @entity2670 and that DNA repair mechanisms are induced as a potential mechanism to prevent follicle loss.

title: @entity3653 exposure induces the DNA repair response in neonatal XXXX ovaries.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian DNA damage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) was given intravesically over a period of 36 months to 14 @entity1 with transitional-cell @entity150 (CIS). Initial complete response was obtained in 10 @entity1 . Of these @entity1 , 5 presented recurrences; one in T2 at the 32nd month, one had a relapse of CIS with diffusion to the prostatic urethra at the 34th month: both @entity1 underwent cystectomy. The remaining three @entity1 presented Ta or T1 relapses and underwent endoscopic resection and a new instillation of @entity1139 . The 4 @entity1 who did not respond were treated with a new instillation of @entity1139 :3 were unsuccessful and underwent cystectomy (one at the 9th month, one at the 12th month for progression to T2 and one at the 14th month for involvement of the prostatic urethra); the 4th @entity1 responded to the treatment but at the 14th month had a relapse of CIS and he underwent cobalt-therapy. At the 36th month, 7 out of 13 @entity1 were free from @entity5 . A @entity5 progression occurred in 3 @entity1 : one out of the 9 @entity1 who responded to the treatment and two out of the 4 who did not respond. Diffusion to the prostatic urethra was observed in 2 of the 13 @entity1 ; one @entity1 responded to @entity1139 and the other did not. Five @entity1 underwent cystectomy: 3 for @entity5 progression and 2 for involvement of the prostatic urethra. @entity1139 seems to be effective for the treatment of CIS of the urinary bladder and the absence of a response to chemotherapy must be considered an adverse prognostic factor for the @entity5 progression.

title: Intravesical XXXX for the treatment of @entity150 : 36 months follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the bladder']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: In the populations of Western countries, particular genotypes of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene, vacA (vacA s, signal region variants; vacA m, middle region variants) of @entity1534 are believed to be risk factors for the development of @entity10189 and @entity356 . However, it was unclear whether these vacA gene variants are associated with the development of @entity344 in developing nations. The relationship between vacA genotypes and @entity1534 -related disease development in Latin American and African populations was investigated using meta-analysis of 2612 @entity1 from Latin America (2285 strains) and 520 @entity1 from Africa (434 strains). The frequencies of vacA s and m genotypes differed between strains from Latin America (77.2% for s1 and 68.1% for m1) and Africa (83.9% for s1 and 56.7% for m1). Latin American strains with s1 and m1 genotypes increased the risk of @entity356 (OR 4.17, 95% CI 2.49-6.98 for s1, and 3.59, 2.27-5.68 for m1) and @entity10189 (e.g. 1.73, 1.37-2.20 for s1). African strains with the s1 or m1 genotypes also increased the risk of @entity10189 (8.69, 1.16-64.75 for s1) and @entity356 (10.18, 2.36-43.84 for m1). The cagA-positive genotype frequently coincided with s1 and m1 genotypes in both populations. Overall, the vacA s and m genotypes were related to @entity356 and peptic ulcer development and might be useful markers of risk factors for @entity344 , especially in Latin America. Further studies will be required to evaluate the effects of vacA genotypes in African populations because of the small sample number currently available.

title: The association of vacA genotype and XXXX -related disease in Latin American and African populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcers']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease', 'gastrointestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the methods of establishing of clinically (experimental) healthy gingiva and to evaluate the status of healthy gingiva in @entity5434 . Three monkeys (2 males and 1 female) were used. After preliminary feeding with hard food for 6 months, plaque control procedures (scrubbing method, modified Stillman method, and flossing) were started. Frequency of plaque removal was three times per week under KETALAR (SANKYO, Co. Tokyo), dissociative anesthesia. We also monitored clinical data. RESULTS: 1. Forty-nine days later, clinically healthy gingiva were achieved. During this period, no side effects and no tolerance occurred using 12.5 mg/kg of KETALAR, and effective time to perform the procedure was 21.8 minutes. 2. Depending on the plaque control procedure, plaque index (P11), gingival index (GI), and @entity92 ( @entity92 ) were reduced (especially in the first week). However, the level of marginal gingiva (LMG) did not change. 3. Initially and throughout the experiment, PII, GI, @entity92 were lower value in lower jaws, but by the end of experiment there were no differences between the two jaws in PII and @entity92 . However, GI was still lower in the lower jaw at this time. There were no differences between the data for the right and left sides of the jaws at any time throughout the experiment. 4. At the end of experiment, the clinically (experimental) healthy gingiva yielded the following data: PII, 1.7 +/- 0.61; GI, 0.1 +/- 0.60; @entity92 , 1.3 +/- 0.53. No individual differences were found in any of the monkeys at the end of experiment.

title: [Establishment of clinically healthy gingiva in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['Macaca irus']


abstract: The immune response to recombinant adenoviruses is the most significant impediment to their clinical use for immunization. We test the hypothesis that specific virus-antibody combinations dictate the type of immune response generated against the adenovirus and its transgene cassette under certain physiological conditions while minimizing vector-induced @entity137 . In vitro and in vivo assays were used to characterize the transduction efficiency, the T and B cell responses to the encoded transgene, and the @entity137 of 1   10(11) adenovirus particles mixed with different concentrations of neutralizing antibodies. Complexes formed at concentrations of 500 to 0.05 times the 50% neutralizing dose ( @entity11702 (50)) elicited strong virus- and transgene-specific T cell responses. The 0.05- @entity11702 (50) formulation elicited measurable anti-transgene antibodies that were similar to those of virus alone (P = 0.07). This preparation also elicited very strong transgene-specific memory T cell responses (28.6    5.2% proliferation versus 7.7    1.4% for virus alone). Preexisting immunity significantly reduced all responses elicited by these formulations. Although lower concentrations (0.005 and 0.0005 @entity11702 (50)) of antibody did not improve cellular and humoral responses in na  ve animals, they did promote strong cellular (0.005 @entity11702 (50)) and humoral (0.0005 @entity11702 (50)) responses in @entity19 with preexisting immunity. Some virus-antibody complexes may improve the potency of adenovirus-based vaccines in na  ve individuals, while others can sway the immune response in those with preexisting immunity. Additional studies with these and other virus-antibody ratios may be useful to predict and model the type of immune responses generated against a transgene in those with different levels of exposure to adenovirus.

title: Optimized adenovirus-antibody complexes stimulate strong cellular and humoral immune responses against an encoded antigen in naive XXXX and those with preexisting immunity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate characteristics of the internal cerebral veins (ICVs) and their main tributaries and the deep medullary veins (DMVs) in @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) with enhanced T (2)-weighted angiography imaging (ESWAN). METHODS: Fifty-three @entity3780 @entity1 and 53 normal controls underwent conventional MRI and ESWAN. ESWAN venograms were created by performing minimum intensity projections of the phase images, and the resulting venograms were used to observe characteristic vascular changes, including scores of the ICVs and their main tributaries and manifestations of the DMVs. Two experienced radiologists analysed all data. RESULTS: @entity1 showed decreased mean scores of the ICVs and their main tributaries compared with controls. The mean score in acute @entity1 was higher than in stable @entity1 . Furthermore, the DMVs diminished and shortened in 48 @entity1 with longer disease duration, whereas the DMVs increased and elongated in 5 @entity1 with @entity66 duration. The penetrating veins were well defined in 30 active lesions, whereas the veins were ill defined in 69 non-active lesions. Interestingly, well-defined penetrating veins were shown in 15 non-active lesions in the stable @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced T (2)-weighted MR angiography can detect cerebral vein characteristics in @entity3780 @entity1 , which may provide important information on the pathogenesis of @entity15 .

title: Cerebral vein changes in relapsing-remitting XXXX demonstrated by three-dimensional enhanced T   -weighted angiography at 3.0 T.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a highly cited risk factor for @entity626 ( @entity571 ), but its role in knee @entity571 pathogenesis and progression is not as clear. Excess weight may contribute to an increased mechanical burden and altered dynamic movement and loading patterns at the knee. The objective of this study was to examine the interacting role of moderate @entity626 presence and @entity28 on knee joint mechanics during gait. METHODS: Gait analysis was performed on 104 asymptomatic and 140 individuals with moderate knee @entity571 . Each subject group was divided into three body mass categories based on body mass index (BMI): healthy weight (BMI<25), overweight (25 <=BMI <=30), and @entity28 (BMI>30). Three-dimensional knee joint angles and net external knee joint moments were calculated and waveform principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to extract major patterns of variability from each. PC scores for major patterns were compared between groups using a two-factor ANOVA. RESULTS: Significant BMI main effects were found in the pattern of the knee adduction moment, the knee flexion moment, and the knee rotation moment during gait. Two interaction effects between moderate @entity66 presence and BMI were also found that described different changes in the knee flexion moment and the knee flexion angle with increased BMI with and without knee @entity571 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that increased BMI is associated with different changes in biomechanical patterns of the knee joint during gait depending on the presence of moderate knee @entity571 .

title: Body mass index affects knee joint mechanics during gait differently with and without moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee OA disease', 'knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OA disease']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The marine-terrestrial transfer of salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) provides a substantial pulse of nutrients to receiving ecosystems along the Pacific coast of North America and has been shown to enhance productivity and isotopic signatures of conifers and other @entity47 . An explicitly spatial, within-watershed investigation of the influence of salmon on conifers has never been previously investigated. In a small salmon-bearing watershed in Haida Gwaii, Canada, the transfer and distributional pattern of salmon carcasses into the riparian zone by black bears provided a spatial basis for investigating the influence of salmon on @entity20272 tree ring growth and @entity1568 isotopic signatures (  @entity13140 ) across a gradient of salmon carcass densities in relation to salmon escapement. RESULTS: Annual growth was found to be highest in the high salmon carcass zone and   @entity13140 signatures closely tracked the known distribution of salmon carcasses at distances into the forest and upstream. Tree diameter demonstrated a positive relationship with   @entity13140 signatures for trees with and without salmon carcass influence. Using an information theoretics approach with general linear mixed models (GLMMs), we show that salmon abundance, mean annual temperature and the interaction terms salmon abundance*temperature and salmon abundance*distance into the forest best predict tree growth. In addition, spatial variables (distance into forest and upstream) and their interaction are the strongest predictors of   @entity13140 signatures. However patterns observed in individual trees, particularly those at increased distance into the forest, suggest positive relationships with historical salmon abundance. CONCLUSIONS: Using a replicated spatial sampling design across a sharp gradient in salmon nutrient loading, our study provides clear evidence that the temporal pattern in an allochthonous nutrient source and an interaction with temperature and spatial location influences conifer growth. Although salmon abundance has been previously linked to annual conifer growth and   @entity13140 levels, our approach demonstrates the need to incorporate additional predictors including tree size and opens up the prospect of their dual use as historical proxies for salmon abundance.

title: Fine-scale spatiotemporal influences of salmon on growth and @entity1568 signatures of XXXX tree rings.

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['riparian vegetation']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity20272 :: (3332,Species) :: ['Sitka spruce']


abstract: Early detection of @entity410 could reduce associated morbidity and mortality and improve the quality of life of @entity1 with @entity302 . In this study, the aim was to investigate whether @entity591 is present in focal and generalized @entity302 in @entity1 . We sought to predict in which type of @entity410 tachycardia can be identified before actual @entity410 onset. Electrocardiogram segments in 80 @entity410 were analyzed in time and frequency domains before and after the onset of @entity302 on EEG. These ECG parameters were analyzed to find the most informative ones that can be used for @entity410 detection. The algorithm of Leutmezer et al. was used to find the temporal relationship between the change in heart rate and @entity410 onset. In the time domain, the mean RR shows a significant difference before compared to after onset of the @entity410 in focal @entity410 . This can be observed in @entity410 as @entity410 . Calculation of mean RR interval has a high specificity for detection of ictal heart rate changes. Preictal heart rate changes are observed in 70% of the partial @entity410 . Ictal heart rate changes are present only in partial @entity410 in this childhood @entity302 study. The changes can be observed in @entity410 as well as in frontal lobe @entity410 . Heart rate changes precede @entity410 onset in 70% of the focal @entity410 , making @entity410 detection and closed-loop systems a possible therapeutic alternative in the population of @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: Peri-ictal ECG changes in childhood XXXX : implications for detection systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['ictal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['well as frontal lobe seizures', 'seizure', 'seizures', 'temporal lobe seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity291 which have been infected with @entity4021 ( @entity4021 ) virus can be differentiated from those that have been vaccinated on the basis of the detection of antibody to one or more of the @entity778 . @entity291 which have been protected by vaccination can become persistently infected with @entity4021 virus (FMDV) without ever showing clinical signs. Vaccinated, protected @entity291 which are persistently infected cannot be distinguished from animals that merely have been vaccinated on the basis of serological tests for antibody to the structural proteins of FMDV. Sera were collected from groups of @entity291 for varying periods after exposure to @entity281 under experimental conditions. On the basis of isolation of virus from probang samples collected during the course of the experiments it was possible to classify the @entity291 according to the following criteria; naive, infected and eliminated the virus (convalescent), infected and persistently infected with FMDV (carriers), vaccinated alone, vaccinated and either convalescent or carrier. Sera were examined for antibody to the NS proteins Lb, 2C, 3A, 3D, and 3ABC by an indirect profiling ELISA using @entity526 -expressed fusion proteins as antigens. Considerable variation was observed in the antibody response to NS proteins of both naive and vaccinated animals following @entity281 . The extent of individual variation was so great that convalescent animals could not be differentiated from carrier animals on the basis of their antibody response to any of the NS proteins examined. The majority of vaccinated, protected animals showed an antibody response to NS proteins, particularly 3ABC, following exposure to @entity281 . However, the carrier state was demonstrated in some vaccinated, protected animals in which no antibody response to any of the NS proteins could be detected. The detection of antibody to NS proteins can therefore be used on a group, or herd, basis to detect circulation of virus in a vaccinated population but further investigations in the field are required to determine the sampling level necessary for statistical acceptance. On an individual animal basis, however, freedom from antibody to NS proteins in a vaccinated animal, or an animal of unknown history, does not necessarily imply that the animal is free from @entity281 with @entity4021 virus and, furthermore, the titre of antibody to NS proteins is not a useful predictive measure of whether or not an infected animal has successfully eliminated the virus.

title: Antibody to the nonstructural proteins of @entity4021 virus in vaccinated animals exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['non-structural (NS) proteins of the virus']

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['foot-and-mouth disease', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The immunopathophysiologic development of systemic @entity792 involves numerous factors through complex mechanisms that are not fully understood. In @entity1252 , type I IFN (IFN-I) produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) critically promotes the @entity792 through its pleiotropic effects on immune cells. However, the host-derived factors that enable abnormal IFN-I production and initial immune tolerance breakdown are largely unknown. Previously, we found that amyloid precursor proteins form amyloid fibrils in the presence of nucleic acids. Here we report that nucleic acid-containing amyloid fibrils can potently activate pDCs and enable IFN-I production in response to self-DNA, self-RNA, and dead cell debris. pDCs can take up DNA-containing amyloid fibrils, which are retained in the early endosomes to activate @entity14540 , leading to high @entity12419 /b production. In @entity19 treated with DNA-containing amyloid fibrils, a rapid IFN response correlated with pDC infiltration and activation. Immunization of nonautoimmune @entity19 with DNA-containing amyloid fibrils induced antinuclear serology against a panel of self-antigens. The @entity19 exhibited positive @entity644 and deposited antibodies in their kidneys. Intriguingly, pDC depletion obstructed IFN-I response and selectively abolished autoantibody generation. Our study reveals an innate immune function of nucleic acid-containing amyloid fibrils and provides a potential link between compromised protein homeostasis and @entity792 via a pDC-IFN axis.

title: Nucleic acid-containing amyloid fibrils potently induce type I interferon and stimulate systemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The sagging rope sign is a radio-opaque line, seen on radiographs of the hips, with @entity2444 . The main purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, cause and importance of this sign in @entity5884 , and to reveal how it differs from in @entity2444 . DESIGN: Serial radiograms, along with 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional CT images were studied in 42 achondroplastic @entity1 . @entity1 : Forty-two achondroplastic @entity1 , reported at our institute (for routine outpatient consultation, spine surgeries, @entity85 , limb-lengthening procedures) were included in this study. There were 26 males and 16 females. RESULTS: The sign was observed bilaterally, in all @entity1 . Evaluation of CT images revealed spherical heads, with presence of circumferential overhang in all hips. This circumferential overhang, seen on 3-D CT scan, corresponded to the sagging rope sign on radiographs. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of the sagging rope sign in bilateral hips is a characteristic feature of @entity5884 . It usually appears before epiphyseal closure. Its cause, incidence, and nature differ from @entity2444 , and its presence does not carry a bad prognosis in @entity5884 .

title: The sagging rope sign in @entity5884 --different from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2444 :: ('MESH:D007873', 'Disease') :: ["Perthes' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity corrections']

entities_list: @entity5884 :: ('MESH:D000130', 'Disease') :: ['achondroplasia']

answer: @entity2444 :: (MESH:D007873,Disease) :: ['Perthes' disease']


abstract: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is currently the therapy of choice for superficial @entity150 with a 60-70% response rate. Induction of cytokine production (e.g. @entity650 , etc.) by BCG has been found in @entity1 's urine in vivo as well as @entity150 cell lines. However, the signalling mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of BCG on @entity268 production and its role in regulating @entity650 expression in the @entity1 @entity150 cell line, MGH. After 1 hr exposure to BCG, @entity650 gene expression in MGH cells increased by 2.5-3-fold and @entity268 production increased by 8-10-fold in a time- and dose-dependent manner. BCG-induced @entity268 production was inhibited by both antifibronectin antibody and an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, @entity15404 in a dose-dependent way. In the presence of @entity15404 , @entity650 expression in MGH cells was also greatly reduced. Furthermore, @entity268 -dependent kinase inhibitors H7 and @entity46365 also inhibited BCG-induced @entity650 expression in MGH, with @entity46365 being much less effective than H7. Thus, BCG induces @entity268 production and may regulate @entity650 expression partially via a @entity268 -dependent pathway in @entity1 @entity150 cells.

title: The signalling pathway for BCG-induced XXXX production in @entity1 @entity150 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: Post-transcriptional regulation is a crucial step for coordinating immune responses. Post-transcriptional mechanisms exquisitely control @entity32 by increasing or decreasing both the stability of mRNAs and the efficiency of protein translation. Regulatory @entity8852 (Regnase-1, also known as @entity51628 or @entity51628 ) was identified as a novel protein harboring a CCCH-type @entity219 -finger domain and a PIN-like RNase domain. Regnase-1 mRNA expression is induced by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, @entity635 and @entity8929 . Regnase-1 destabilizes mRNAs encoding immune related proteins including @entity777 and @entity12782 via their 3' untranslated regions. In Regnase-1-deficient (-/-) macrophages, @entity777 is overproduced in response to LPS because @entity777 mRNA is stabilized because of Regnase-1 deficiency. Regnase-1(-/-) @entity19 developed severe systemic @entity32 , characterized by production of autoantibodies. It is now known that Regnase-1 protein expression is dynamically regulated during the course of @entity32 . Upon @entity635 and TLR stimulation, Regnase-1 is rapidly phosphorylated by IkB kinases (IKKs) and degraded via ubiquitin-proteasome machinery. Regnase-1 degradation allows @entity777 mRNA to be expressed rapidly and robustly upon stimulation. Furthermore, Regnase-1 destabilizes its own mRNA, thereby preventing excessive translation of Regnase-1 and degradation of cytokine-encoding mRNAs. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism of Regnase-1-mediated mRNA decay and describe the mechanism by which Regnase-1 is tightly regulated in innate immune cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: RNA Decay mechanisms.

title: mRNA degradation by the endoribonuclease Regnase-1/ XXXX / @entity51628 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity51628 :: (230738(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ZC3H12a']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the influence of pacing-induced @entity741 on systolic regurgitant jet in the left atrium, using simultaneous transesophageal echocardiography and transesophageal atrial pacing. BACKGROUND: In vitro studies have shown that @entity63 -induced @entity339 may occur as a result of mitral leaflet malcoaptation or (global) left @entity67 . However, no transesophageal echocardiographic study has thus far been performed to demonstrate the mechanism and extent of @entity339 during @entity741 in @entity1 . METHODS: In 24 @entity1 (mean [+/- SD] age 57 +/- 10 years) with (15 @entity1 ) and without (9 control subjects) @entity453 , @entity551 and systolic regurgitant jet were assessed before and immediately after pacing. Pacing was increased stepwise up to 160 beats/min to provoke @entity854 while the left ventricular short axis was monitored at the midpapillary muscle level. Other variables obtained before and at peak pacing included @entity998 . RESULTS: Heart rate and blood pressure before and after pacing were not significantly different in control subjects or in @entity1 . At baseline, a jet was present in all but three control subjects. New or increased anterior or posterior @entity854 were observed during pacing in seven and eight @entity1 , respectively. End-systolic left ventricular areas and segment lengths were significantly reduced in control subjects compared with @entity1 with @entity453 at peak pacing (p < 0.05). The increase in systolic regurgitant jet was significantly greater in @entity1 (2.0 +/- 1.1 to 3.1 +/- 1.8 cm2 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.7 to 0.9 +/- 0.9 cm2 [after pacing], p < 0.01). This effect was greater in @entity1 with posterior than with anterior @entity854 (3.5 +/- 1.6 vs. 2.1 +/- 1.2 cm2 [after pacing], p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative changes in geometry and function of the left ventricle caused by pacing-induced @entity741 augments systolic regurgitant jet size. An increase in the jet during atrial pacing is associated with new or increased @entity854 , especially of the posterior wall. Pacing-induced anterior @entity854 appear not to be related directly to an increase in the jet.

title: Influence of pacing-induced XXXX on left atrial regurgitant jet: a transesophageal echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic areas and left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic endocardial segmental lengths']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate, blood pressure']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: AIMS: Central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 and/or their treatment in pediatric @entity5 survivors are known to be associated with @entity71 . We report findings from a nation-wide study of childhood @entity5 survivors to investigate intelligence and attention/concentration from a multi-dimensional perspective in a diverse sample from this population. MAIN METHODS: Four hundred forty-four pediatric @entity5 survivors between 6 and 17 years of age, who had suffered CNS involvement associated with their @entity5 , were evaluated. All @entity1 completed a measure of general intelligence. Attention was measured by a continuous performance test (CPT) and by parental report using a standardized psychological inventory. KEY FINDINGS: Social economic status (SES) was a significant predictor of intellectual functioning and scores on independent measures of attention. After controlling for SES, cranial radiation therapy (CRT) was strongly predictive of impairments in intellectual functioning. @entity1 who had completed a transplant procedure did not have significant impairments in intellectual functioning when compared to other @entity1 . CPT performance was most clearly influenced by a younger age at diagnosis and the presence of a supratentorial @entity1313 . Reaction time was lower in @entity1 who had received CRT. Gender did not correlate with @entity1191 performance, but caregiver reports of deficits in attentional functioning were more prevalent in @entity1 compared to @entity1 . SIGNIFICANCE: These findings are important given the large, representative sample and multi-dimensional assessment of attentional functioning. The presence of a very strong SES effect on all dependent variables must be addressed in studies of this nature.

title: Intellectual functioning and multi-dimensional attentional processes in long-term survivors of a central nervous system related pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in neuropsychological functions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: This study investigated the prevalence of the @entity2407 ( @entity2407 ) and @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ). We therefore performed an histological analysis of biopsies obtained from @entity3814 prior to balloon kyphoplasty. Computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed regarding the presence of an @entity2407 (i.e. cleft sign, K  mmell disease). We reviewed the data of 266 consecutive @entity1 treated by balloon kyphoplasty in 501 procedures from 2002 to 2004. From 180 @entity1 (68%) we obtained adequate bone tissue for histological evaluation. Biopsy specimens were analysed regarding the presence of @entity170 , @entity281 , @entity5 and @entity2530 . CT scans of all 180 @entity1 were reviewed for presence of an @entity2407 . Histological examination revealed 135 (75%) osteoporoses, 20 (11%) @entity5 , 12 (7%) @entity130 cases and 13 (7%) @entity2530 . An @entity2407 was present in 12 (7%) @entity1 . There was a significant association of @entity2530 and @entity2407 (P < 0.0001). Eleven of 12 @entity1 with a vacuum phenomenon showed an @entity2530 on histology, whereas 11 of 13 @entity1 with @entity2530 showed an @entity2407 on CT. The @entity2407 is a specific sign of @entity2530 in @entity3814 (sensitivity 85%, specificity 99%, positive predictive value 91%). Our findings strongly support the thesis that an @entity2407 indicates local bone @entity63 associated with a non-healing @entity891 and @entity1516 .

title: The intravertebral vacuum phenomen as specific sign of @entity2530 in XXXX : results from a radiological and histological study.

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ['IVP', 'intravertebral vacuum phenomenon']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecroses in vertebral compression fractures', 'VCFs', 'vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral collapse']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecroses', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3562 has been associated with @entity453 in many, but not all, prospective and retrospective studies. Some on these inconsistencies may be attributed to methodological variabilities. METHODS: In the present study, three newly commercially available assays and one in-house HPLC assay for total @entity1255 (tHcy) were utilized in 99 subjects with angiographically documented @entity731 and in 91 community controls matched by age, gender, and smoking history. The in-house assay, a modified Fortin and Genest HPLC method, was compared with the Bio-Rad HPLC assay, the Abbott IMx((R)) fluorescence polarization immunoassay, and a Bio-Rad enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) microtiter method. RESULTS: Correlation coefficient values between the in-house HPLC assay and the Bio-Rad HPLC, the Abbott IMx, and the Bio-Rad EIA assays were 0.95, 0.96 and 0.90, respectively. Although tHcy concentrations were higher in cases compared with controls by all four methods, the difference reached statistical significance only with the in-house HPLC procedure (median, 13.5 +/- 6.7 micromol/L in cases vs 10.9 +/- 4.8 micromol/L in controls; P <0. 01, adjusting for covariates), where it was an independent predictor of case or control status, along with @entity101 , total @entity165 , and @entity1674 . The tHcy distributions in cases and controls demonstrated significant overlap. The number of @entity731 major coronary vessels was associated with significantly higher tHcy (P <0.01 for trend) in all four methods. CONCLUSIONS: The three commercial assays for tHcy differed in analytical and clinical performance. Analytically, the Abbott IMx method showed the best comparability with the in-house assay, but clinically, the three commercial methods were similar and did not distinguish cases from controls.

title: Agreement among four XXXX assays and results in patients with @entity453 and controls.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin A @entity8 (IgAN) is the most common @entity631 globally. Few studies have investigated mortality in @entity1 with IgAN compared with the age- and sex-adjusted general population. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study with record linkage between the Norwegian Kidney Biopsy Registry, Norwegian Cause of Death Registry, and Norwegian Renal Registry. SETTING _ @entity1 : 633 @entity1 diagnosed with IgAN in 1988-2004. PREDICTOR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), age, and sex. OUTCOMES: Deaths and causes of @entity204 before and after the onset of @entity454 through 2008. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 11.8 (range, 0-20.8) years. During the observation period, the observed number of @entity204 was 80 and the expected number was 42.1, resulting in a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5-2.4). Risk stratification based on initial eGFR showed that SMR was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.6-1.6) if eGFR was >= 60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3-2.8) if eGFR was 30-60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), and 3.6 (95% CI, 2.6-5.0) in @entity1 with eGFR <30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was initiated in 146 @entity1 and 35 of the 80 @entity204 occurred after the start of RRT. The age- and sex-adjusted SMR was not increased significantly in the pre-RRT period (1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.7), but was increased after initiation of RRT (4.9; 95% CI, 3.5-7.0). The most common cause of @entity204 was @entity65 , accounting for 45% of all @entity204 . LIMITATIONS: Treatment during follow-up is not known. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality in @entity1 with IgAN was twice the expected rate, but not significantly increased before RRT. The risk of @entity454 was substantially higher than risk of @entity204 .

title: Mortality in XXXX with @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']