abstract: CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity10244 ( @entity10244 ) derive significant benefit from cochlear implantation (CI) and do so to an extent that is comparable to that of the general population of implanted @entity1 . Although we report on a relatively small cohort, our data are useful for counseling the parents of @entity1 with @entity10244 considering CI. OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with CI in @entity1 with @entity10244 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective record review was conducted for five @entity1 who underwent CI in our department between 1993 and 2004. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity10244 comprised 1.9% of our entire pediatric CI population: four @entity1 had a familial history of @entity10244 and the phenotype of @entity10244 Type I, and one @entity1 met the criteria for @entity10244 Type II. They were all diagnosed as having bilateral profound @entity1274 4-24 weeks after birth. Rehabilitation was initiated immediately and included bilateral fitting of hearing aids and intensive speech and language therapy. Otoscopic and temporal bone high-resolution CT findings were normal in all @entity1 . At surgery, all @entity1 were found to have a patent cochlea, and the electrodes were implanted into the scala tympani without difficulty. After 1.3-10.2 years of implant use all @entity1 achieved open-set recognition of 2-syllable words, with an average score of 81%. Four of the 5 @entity1 achieved open-set recognition of monosyllabic words (average score 40%) and 3 achieved open-set recognition of words in sentences (average score 81%).

title: Cochlear implantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity10244 :: ('MESH:D014849', 'Disease') :: ["Waardenburg's syndrome", 'WS']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity10244 :: (MESH:D014849,Disease) :: ['Waardenburg's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and distribution of microbiological isolates in association with @entity580 ( @entity580 ) in intensive care units (ICUs) in Germany. METHODS: The hospital @entity281 surveillance system (KISS = Krankenhaus-Infektions-Surveillance-System) started in Germany in January 1997 as a nationwide surveillance project for the voluntary registration of @entity580 . For ICUs reporting focuses on device-associated primary bloodstream @entity281 , urinary tract @entity281 , as well as on @entity55 and @entity3617 . The data collected for each @entity1 who acquires a @entity580 include the site of @entity281 and @entity1 demographics. Up to 4 pathogens can be recorded for each @entity281 . RESULTS: From 1997 until 2002 274 ICUs were participating. The data of 590 695 @entity1 with 18 073 device associated @entity281 ( @entity2489 and @entity3617 , central line-associated @entity281 ( @entity281 ) and urinary catheter-associated @entity293 ( @entity293 )) were analyzed. In the group of device-associated @entity580 @entity794 was most frequently isolated (16.5/100NI) followed by Ps. aeruginosa (14.2/100NI), @entity526 (13.9/100NI), enterococci (13.4/100NI) and @entity5132 (11.2/100NI). Of all @entity794 isolates 20.0 % were @entity794 . There was an increase of the @entity794 rate from 8 % in 1997 to 26.9 % in 2002. The most frequent pathogen in @entity281 was coagulase-negative @entity794 (31.0/100NI). In @entity2489 and @entity3617 @entity794 was the most frequent pathogen (24.2 and 24.9/100NI). In more than half of all catheter-associated @entity293 @entity526 (25.7/100NI) and enterococci (25.4/100NI) were found. After stratification for the type of ICU differences in the distribution of pathogens could be shown. CONCLUSIONS: The KISS data give an overview of the most important pathogens associated with @entity580 on ICUs in Germany.

title: [Microbiological isolates associated with XXXX in intensive care units: data of 274 intensive care units participating in the German Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (KISS)].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['MRSA', 'staphylococcus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'bloodstream infection', 'BSI']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NI', 'nosocomial infection', 'nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: Classically, @entity4115 occurs in neonates or during puberty. Between these two ages, is it really an exception? METHOD AND @entity1 : In order to answer the question, we reviewed the charts of the @entity1 referred to the department of pediatric surgery of Bic  tre hospital between 1992 and 2001. We studied the preoperative examinations, the operative data and the long term evolution. Cases of torsion occurring during neonatal or pubertal periods were excluded. RESULTS: During nine years, 86 @entity1 with " @entity697 " underwent surgery. The ages of @entity1 ranged from one month to 11 years (average age: five years) in 26 @entity1 , among which 12 had true @entity4115 . Consultation at the emergency room occurred after one to 72 hours (average of 17). The localization of the @entity158 was on the left in eight cases and on ectopic testicle in two. The testicular volume was increased in 11 cases. Cremasteric reflex was absent in four cases. The doppler flow was normal in four cases and absent in four. During surgery, the testis appearance was considered as normal in six testicles, as necrotized in three (and an orchidectomy was performed) and as @entity63 in three. In seven cases, a peroperative contralateral testicle fixation was performed and later one in two. The postoperative course was simple, without @entity281 and with a normal testicular volume in eight cases, increased in one @entity63 testis. @entity194 was noted in an @entity63 testis, after several months. CONCLUSION: Whatever the age, @entity4115 remains a surgical emergency even with a normal doppler flow.

title: [Age for XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute scrotum symptoms']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['testicular torsion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular atrophy']

answer: @entity4115 :: (MESH:D013086,Disease) :: ['testicular torsion']


abstract: In autumn 1991, 68 @entity1 with @entity130 amputations after injuries caused by mines were evacuated to the United Nation's field hospital in the demilitarized zone between Iraq and Kuwait. Most were seen during a three week period when civilians harvested mines. During the first days of this period, continuous @entity548 distally to applied tourniquets was frequently observed. Orders were issued to remove any tourniquets and cover the wounds with a very tight elastic bandage. Prehospital intravenous infusions were decreased. Three out of 18 @entity1 died prior to the change of routine compared with one out of 50 afterwards. The new directives led to visibly less @entity548 . Haemoglobin on admission was mean 8.6 g/100 ml during the first part of the observation period compared with mean 10.5 g/100 ml with the new routine. 23 @entity1 received blood transfusions. Fewer @entity1 needed transfusions after the use of tourniquets was discontinued. A tourniquet should not be used in the treatment of @entity548 extremity injuries. In extensive @entity130 and @entity130 amputations a compressive dressing should be used, applied from the end of the extremity in a proximal direction.

title: [Not a tourniquet, but compressive dressing. Experience from 68 XXXX amputations after injuries from mines].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic', 'crush injuries']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic']


abstract: @entity19771 is an uncommon @entity74 in which there is abnormal deposition of @entity165 and/or lipid usually in the anterior stroma of the central and peripheral @entity267 . Four families with @entity19771 have been identified in central Massachusetts. Of the 173 living members of these pedigrees, 60 @entity1 were examined by the author. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity19771 . Affected individuals less than 23 years of age had bilateral, central disc-like corneal opacification. Those greater than 23 years of age also demonstrated prominent arcus lipoides. By age 40, all affected individuals developed a diffuse stromal haze. Only 50% of affected individuals had @entity2687 . Abnormal @entity165 deposition affected the entire stromal thickness in the majority of @entity1 . Although the four families said that they were not related to each other, all had ancestry from towns within a 100-k area on the southwest coast of Finland. @entity1 in this area of Finland were examined by the author and demonstrated signs of @entity19771 . This may represent the largest cohort of @entity3986 described to date.

title: Schnyder's XXXX . A Swede-Finn connection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19771 :: ('MESH:C535475', 'Disease') :: ["Schnyder's crystalline dystrophy", "Schnyder's dystrophy"]

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ["Schynder's dystrophy"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal crystalline deposits']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['dystrophy of the cornea']


abstract: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) as therapy of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) improves the survival of a selected group of @entity1 . Unfortunately, the progressive increase in waiting time for OLT may allow @entity5 progression. Percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ) has been proposed as neoadjuvant therapy for @entity157 in @entity1 awaiting OLT, but its safety has not been defined. @entity1 AND METHODS: During a 60-month period, 34 @entity1 (27 @entity1 , overall mean age of 58.5 years, range 41-67) with @entity157 , were listed for OLT. Ultrasonography-guided @entity8681 was delivered into 39 nodules at 117 sessions on an inpatient basis. Written informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 before @entity8681 . Doppler-ultrasonography was done before @entity8681 , immediately after, and 4 weeks later. Noninvasive monitoring of arterial pressure, cardiac rate, and temperature was performed during the procedure and during a 24-hour period after each session. @entity158 was considered significant if @entity1337 was required or discontinuation of @entity8681 necessary. Fever was defined as a temperature > or =37.5 degrees C after @entity8681 . RESULTS: Minor @entity532 included @entity158 in 45 sessions (38.5%), fever in 17 (14.5%), arterial @entity101 in 14 (12%), @entity551 in 7 (7%), and @entity391 in 2 (1.7%). The major @entity532 were segmental liver @entity1188 (n = 3), portal branch venous @entity715 (n = 2), @entity843 (n = 2), and one case each of subcapsular @entity1410 , duodenal @entity1066 , @entity55 , @entity99 , and @entity715 . In all cases, clinical outcomes were favorable with conservative treatment. No evidence of @entity5 seeding in the needle track was reported and no @entity8681 -related mortality observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8681 is a safe neoadjuvant therapy for @entity157 on waiting list liver transplant candidates. In our series, @entity158 and self-limited fever were the most frequent @entity532 . Clinically significant severe @entity532 were uncommon, and nonconservative treatments were not required.

title: Safety of percutaneous @entity1068 injection as neoadjuvant therapy for XXXX in waiting list liver transplant candidates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of combination adjuvant chemotherapies have improved the disease-free survival rate of @entity5 @entity1 significantly. Previous experimental studies have shown that chemotherapeutic agents have negative effects on fixation of porous coated prosthesis, but the effects on normal bone turnover rate and mechanicalproperties have been reported to be minimal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen @entity235 were used to study the effect of a @entity632 , @entity900 and @entity1260 combination in normal bone turnover. We developed a safe and clinically-relevant @entity235 model for multidrug perioperative chemotherapy that simulates current @entity5 treatment. The bone specimens were analyzed using microradiography, bone histomorphometry and torsional testing. The results were compared with @entity235 that underwent a similar surgical protocol without chemotherapy. RESULTS: The results showed no differences in mechanical properties after 22 weeks of chemotherapy. The porosity, osteonal activity and mineral apposition rate of the cortical bone were unaffected. The results also showed no difference in porosity of perimeter in cancellous bone, but the mineral apposition rate was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: The difference in mineral appostion rate of cancellous bone shows that, although the effect of temporary chemotherapy on bone may have minor effects on normal turnover and that the effect may be reversible, it causes disturbance in bone mass accumulation. This may later raise the risk for @entity174 and @entity170 .

title: The effect of a @entity632 , XXXX and @entity1260 combination chemotherapy on bone turnover.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity1582 has low complete remission rate and high recurrence rate. Recurrence or relapse of the disease is almost inevitable for most of the @entity1 after several cycles of combined chemotherapy. This study was designed to compare efficacy of @entity3118 -based regimen ( @entity3118 , @entity2664 and @entity619 ) with that of @entity7765 , @entity1891 and @entity619 (VAD) on refractory or relapsed multiple @entity1582 , and analyze their @entity137 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 who had received VAD regimen were taken as a historical control group. A total of 11 @entity1 received @entity11267 regimen. The differences between @entity11267 group and VAD group were observed and compared. The following indexes were assessed before, during, and after treatment: the partial remission (PR) rate, total response rate, time to achieve PR, the number of @entity1 and time of serum M-component drop to more than 50% of the pre-treatment value, the ratio of @entity1582 cells in bone marrow drop to less than 5% or more than 80% of pre-treatment level, and the hemoglobin level increase to more than 20 g/L   the white blood cell and platelet count of the peripheral blood, serum @entity460 , @entity1011 , @entity2262 and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase ( @entity6283 ) level, adverse events were also analyzed. RESULTS: The PR rate was significantly higher in @entity11267 group than in VAD group (45.5% vs. 22.7%, P<0.05). The median time to achieve PR was significantly longer in @entity11267 group than in VAD group (76 days vs. 68 days, P<0.05). The occurrence rates of M-component decrease and hemoglobin elevation were significantly higher in @entity11267 group than in VAD group [45.5% vs. 22.7%, and 54.5% vs. 18.2%, P<0.05]. There were no significant differences in serum @entity460 , @entity1011 and @entity6283 level pre- and post-treatment between the 2 groups. The level of serum @entity2262 after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment in @entity11267 group [(1 042.8+/-72.3) microg/L vs. (2 350.2+/-184.0) microg/L, P<0.05]. The nadir white blood cell count was significantly lower in @entity11267 group than in VAD group [(0.9+/-0.46)x10(9)/L vs. (2.09+/-0.6)x10(9)/L, P<0.05], and the occurrence rates of fever and cough was significantly higher in @entity11267 group than in VAD group (36.4% vs. 4.5%, 45.5% vs. 9.0%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compare with VAD regimen, @entity11267 regimen may enhance the PR rate of refractory or relapsed multiple @entity1582 @entity1 , but it takes longer time to achieve PR, and shows obvious bone marrow inhibition, with no significant @entity99 . @entity11267 regimen is effective and safe in treating refractory or relapsed multiple @entity1582 .

title: [Preliminary report of XXXX , @entity2664 and @entity619 in treating refractory or relapsed multiple @entity1582 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7765 :: ('MESH:C027260', 'Chemical') :: ['pirarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['renal or hepatic toxicity']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This article describes a macroscopic mathematical modeling approach to capture the interplay between solid @entity5 evolution and cell damage during radiotherapy. Volume regression profiles of 15 @entity1 with @entity5 were reconstructed from serial cone-beam computed tomography data sets, acquired for image-guided radiotherapy, and used for model parameter learning by means of a genetic-based optimization. @entity1 , diagnosed with either @entity957 or @entity420 , underwent different treatment modalities (image-guided radiotherapy and image-guided chemo-radiotherapy). The mean volume at the beginning of radiotherapy and the end of radiotherapy was on average 23.7 cm(3) (range: 12.7-44.4 cm(3)) and 8.6 cm(3) (range: 3.6-17.1 cm(3)), respectively. Two different @entity5 dynamics were taken into account in the model: the viable (active) and the @entity5 cells. However, according to the results of a preliminary volume regression analysis, we assumed a short dead cell resolving time and the model was simplified to the active @entity5 volume. Model learning was performed both on the complete @entity1 cohort (cohort-based model learning) and on each single @entity1 ( @entity1 -specific model learning). The fitting results (mean error:    16% and    6% for the cohort-based model and @entity1 -specific model, respectively) highlighted the model ability to quantitatively reproduce @entity5 regression. Volume prediction errors of about 18% on average were obtained using cohort-based model computed on all but 1 @entity1 at a time (leave-one-out technique). Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed and the data uncertainty effects evaluated by simulating an average volume perturbation of about 1.5 cm(3) obtaining an error increase within 0.2%. In conclusion, we showed that simple time-continuous models can represent @entity5 regression curves both on a @entity1 cohort and @entity1 -specific basis; this discloses the opportunity in future to exploit such models to predict how changes in the treatment schedule (number of fractions, doses, intervals among fractions) might affect the @entity5 regression on an individual basis.

title: Kinetic Models for Predicting XXXX Response to Radiation Therapy on Individual Basis Using Tumor Regression Measured In Vivo With Volumetric Imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'necrotic cancer', 'uterine cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: @entity5785 ( @entity5785 ) is associated with symptoms and treatment outcome in @entity74 . Few studies have examined @entity5785 in pediatric @entity3119 and none of these has assessed the @entity1 's perspective. This study examined the relationship among maternal and @entity1 @entity5785 , @entity1 @entity3119 severity, and @entity3119 -related functioning pre- and post-treatment. At pre-treatment, mothers completed speech samples about the @entity1 with @entity3119 and an unaffected sibling. @entity1 with @entity3119 completed speech samples about parents. There were low rates of high maternal @entity5785 ( @entity1 with @entity3119 : 16.1%; sibling: 2.6%) and high @entity1 @entity5785 about parents (mothers: 11.9%; fathers: 10.2%). High @entity5785 was primarily characterized by high criticism, not high overinvolvement. High maternal @entity5785 and @entity1 @entity5785 regarding fathers were associated with pre-treatment @entity1 @entity3119 severity but not post-treatment severity. High @entity1 and maternal @entity5785 were predictive of post-treatment @entity3119 -related functioning. @entity5785 may be an important @entity1 and maternal trait associated with pre-treatment @entity3119 severity and generalization of treatment gains.

title: Maternal and @entity1 expressed emotion as predictors of treatment response in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['Expressed emotion', 'EE']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various disorders']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptor ( @entity11951 ) induces @entity299 . Integrins, a family of cell-surface receptors, play an important role in the regulation of @entity299 and ventricular remodeling. Cleavage of extracellular domain of beta1 integrin, also called integrin shedding, is observed during @entity1283 and progression to early @entity712 . Here we show that stimulation of @entity11951 induces beta1 integrin fragmentation in @entity19 heart. To examine the role of intracellular domain of beta1 integrin in @entity299 , a chimeric receptor consisting of the cytoplasmic tail domain of beta(1A) integrin and the extracellular/transmembrane domain of the interleukin-2 receptor (TAC-beta1) was expressed in adult @entity35 ventricular myocytes (ARVM) using adenoviruses. TAC-beta1 increased the percentage of apoptotic ARVM as measured by TUNEL-staining assay. TAC-beta1-induced apoptosis was found to be associated with increased cytosolic cytochrome c and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. TAC-beta1 increased @entity12276 activity. Z-IETD-FMK, a specific @entity12276 inhibitor, significantly inhibited TAC-beta1-induced apoptosis. TAC-beta1 expression also increased cleavage of @entity31358 , a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein. These data suggest that shedding of beta1 integrin may be a mechanism of induction of apoptosis during @entity11951 -stimulated cardiac remodeling.

title: Expression of the cytoplasmic domain of beta1 integrin induces apoptosis in adult @entity35 ventricular myocytes (ARVM) via the involvement of XXXX and mitochondrial death pathway.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myocyte apoptosis']

answer: @entity12276 :: (64044(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['caspase-8']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this analysis was to determine the value (incremental cost/increment benefit) of a brain @entity1986 system versus employing current surgical options recommended by NCCN guidelines, specifically open resection (i.e. craniotomy) methods or biopsy (collectively termed CURRENT TREATMENTS) in @entity1 where maximal safe resection may not be feasible. As has been demonstrated in the literature, extent of resection/ablation with minimal complications are independently related to overall survival. METHODS: A cost effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective was employed using TreeAge Pro 2014 software. Direct costs (using national average Medicare reimbursement amounts), outcomes (overall survival), and value [defined as increment cost/incremental survival-evaluated as @entity1017 ( @entity1017 )] were evaluated. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine which variables had the largest effect on incremental costs and outcomes. RESULTS: In the base case, the overall survival was improved with brain @entity1986 versus CURRENT TREATMENTS by 3.07  months at an additional cost of  7508 (or  29,340/ @entity1017 ). This amount was significantly less than the current international threshold value for  32,575/ @entity1017 and considerably less than the US threshold value of  50,000/ @entity1017 . This incremental cost may also qualify under NICE criteria for end of life therapies. In sensitivity analysis: As percent local recurrence GBM increased; cost of DRG25/26 increased; percent GTR increased; and gliadel use increased-the value of brain @entity1986 improved. Additionally, in those @entity1 where a biopsy is the only option, brain @entity1986 extended life by 7  months. CONCLUSIONS: Brain @entity1986 should be considered a viable option for treatment of high grade @entity11 as it improves survival at a cost which appears to be of good value to society. This incremental cost is less than the international and US thresholds for good value.

title: The value of using a brain @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) system in XXXX presenting with high grade @entity11 where maximal safe resection may not be feasible.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['cost/life year gained', 'LYG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wide variation exists in criteria for accessing @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) facilities for managing @entity1 with @entity3124 such as @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). We aimed to determine the predictors of admission, length of stay, and outcome for @entity1213 among @entity1 of the main Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute @entity1779 Trial (INTERACT2). METHODS: INTERACT2 was an international, open, blinded endpoint, randomized controlled trial of 2839 @entity1779 @entity1 (<6  h) and elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) allocated to receive intensive (target SBP <140  mmHg within 1  h) or guideline-recommended (target SBP <180  mmHg) BP-lowering treatment. The primary outcome was @entity204 or major disability, defined by modified Rankin scale scores 3-6 at 90  days. Logistic regression and propensity score analyses were used to determine independent associations. MAIN RESULTS: Predictors of @entity1213 admission included younger age, recruitment in China, prior @entity63 /undetermined @entity64 , high SBP, severe @entity64 [National Institute of @entity64 scale (NIHSS) score >= 15], large @entity1779 volume (>= 15  mL), @entity548 ( @entity548 ) extension, early @entity16 , intubation and surgery. Determinants of prolonged @entity1213 stay (>= 5  days) were prior antihypertensive use, NIHSS >= 15, large @entity1779 volume, lobar @entity1779 location, @entity548 , early @entity16 , intubation and surgery. @entity1213 admission was associated with higher-risk major disability at 90-day assessment compared to those without @entity1213 admission. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents prognostic variables for @entity1213 management and outcome of @entity1779 @entity1 included in a large international cohort. These data may assist in the selection and counseling of @entity1 and families concerning @entity1213 admission.

title: Intensive Care Unit Admission for @entity1 in the INTERACT2 XXXX Blood Pressure Treatment Trial: Characteristics, Predictors, and Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Health stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'IVH']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illnesses']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'ICH', 'acute intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['ICH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemispherectomy is a surgical procedure used to treat medically intractable @entity302 in @entity1 with severe unilateral cortical disease secondary to acquired @entity75 . The major surgical approaches for hemispherectomy are anatomic hemispherectomy, traditional functional hemispherectomy, and peri-insular hemispherotomy. We describe the @entity302 outcome, including the need for reoperation, after hemispherectomy in @entity1 with @entity75 or acquired @entity75 who underwent hemispherectomy for @entity302 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study at @entity1 's Hospital Boston. Cases were ascertained from a research database of @entity1 who underwent @entity302 surgery from 1997 to 2011. Data were obtained from electronic medical records and office charts. Outcome after surgery was defined as improvement in @entity410 (quantity and severity) represented by the Engel classification score measured at last follow-up, with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up. The need for reoperation for completion of hemispheric disconnection. We also examined whether placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunt was required after hemispherectomy was a secondary outcome. RESULTS: We identified 36 @entity1 who underwent hemispherectomy for severe, medically intractable @entity302 . Group 1 (n = 14) had static acquired lesions, and group 2 (n = 22) had @entity6795 . Mean age at surgery for group 1 was 9 years (S.D. 5.5) and 2.77 years for group 2 (S.D. 4.01; P < 0.001). The @entity410 outcome was good in both groups (Engel score I for 25, II for three, III for six, and IV for two @entity1 ) and did not differ between the two groups. In group 1, five @entity1 underwent anatomic hemispherectomy (one had prior focal resection), four underwent functional hemispherectomy, and five underwent peri-insular hemispherotomy; none required a second procedure. In group 2, a total of 14 @entity1 had anatomic hemispherectomy (of these, three had had limited prior focal resection), five had functional hemispherectomy, and three had peri-insular hemispherotomy. Among the @entity1 in group 2 who had had functional hemispherectomy, one required reoperation to complete the disconnection and one required peri-insular hemispherotomy because of persistent @entity410 . In group 1, three @entity1 underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and from these @entity1 two underwent anatomic hemispherectomy and one had functional hemispherectomy. In group 2, 12 @entity1 had ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and all of them had anatomic hemispherectomy as a first or second procedure. CONCLUSION: @entity410 outcome after hemispherectomy is good in @entity1 with acquired lesions and with developmental @entity600 . Although the @entity410 outcome was similar in the three procedures, the complication rate was higher with anatomic hemispherectomy than with the more recent functional hemispherectomy and peri-insular hemispherotomy. The group with cortical @entity600 generally had surgery at a younger age; two @entity1 with @entity6795 who underwent functional hemispherectomy required second surgeries. The need for reoperation in these cases may reflect the anatomic complexity of @entity600 , which may lead to incomplete disconnection.

title: Surgery for intractable @entity302 due to unilateral XXXX : a retrospective study comparing hemispherectomy techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain malformations', 'brain lesions', 'brain or congenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'developmental hemispheric malformations']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An occlusal splint and a modified nociceptive trigeminal inhibition splint ( @entity14148 , anterior deprogrammer, Kois deprogrammer, Lucia jig, etc.) are commonly and quite frequently used in the treatment of masticatory @entity121 , although their sustainable and long-lasting effect on these muscles' function is still not very well known. Results of scant surface electromyography studies in @entity1 with @entity2956 have been contradictory. The aim of this study was to evaluate both devices in @entity8599 therapy; EMG activity levels during postural activity and maximum voluntary contraction of the superficial temporal and masseter muscles were compared before and after 30 days of treatment. METHODS: Surface electromyography of the examined muscles was performed in two groups of bruxers (15 @entity1 each). @entity1 in the first group used occlusal splints, while those in the second used modified nociceptive trigeminal inhibition splints. The trial was randomized, controlled and semi-blind. RESULTS: Neither device affected the asymmetry index or postural activity/maximum voluntary contraction ratio after 1  month of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Neither the occlusal nor the nociceptive trigeminal inhibition splint showed any significant influence on the examined muscles. Different scientific methods should be considered in clinical applications that require either direct influence on the muscles' bioelectrical activity or a quantitative measurement of the treatment quality.

title: Occlusal splint versus modified nociceptive trigeminal inhibition splint in XXXX therapy: a randomized, controlled trial using surface electromyography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disorders']

answer: @entity8599 :: (MESH:D002012,Disease) :: ['bruxism']


abstract: The four @entity141 -dependent @entity25314 proteins are both signal transducers and transcription factors that reside in the cytoplasm until dephosphorylation by calcineurin. Dephosphorylation exposes nuclear import sequences and sends @entity25314 proteins into the nucleus where they assemble with nuclear partners into NFAT transcription complexes. Recent genetic studies have indicated that calcineurin-NFAT signaling is a major determinant of vertebrate morphogenesis and development. @entity19 lacking calcineurin activity show a complete block in positive selection of @entity1961 and CD8 double-positive thymocytes, yet the role of the @entity25314 proteins in T cell development has been controversial. In this study, we address the requirement for @entity33148 in T cell development by generating @entity33148 conditional knockout @entity19 . We show that specific deletion of @entity33148 in thymocytes causes a partial block at the double-negative stage 3 and also a partial block in positive selection. Furthermore, the defect does not become more pronounced when @entity26996 is also absent, consistent with the fact that @entity26996 -null @entity19 do not have a T cell @entity245 . Expression of a nuclear (and constitutively active) @entity25314 even at subphysiological levels can rescue the transition of double-negative to double-positive thymocytes in RAG-null @entity19 , but is unable to rescue development of @entity1961 and CD8 single-positive cells. In addition to @entity33148 , this suggests a role for @entity25314 in T cell development. Our studies indicate that the signals that direct positive selection likely use both @entity25314 and @entity33148 downstream of calcineurin.

title: Selective role of XXXX in positive selection of thymocytes.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defect']

answer: @entity33148 :: (18021(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NFATc3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity10969 ( @entity10969 ) and @entity9315 can enhance the feeding behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine whether @entity10969 and @entity9315 are involved in @entity7298 and @entity28 induced by lesions of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). METHODS: Sham-operated control @entity35 and @entity35 subjected to bilateral electrolytic lesions of the PVN were administered @entity10969 (5  g/ @entity35 ) by intracerebroventricular infusion or @entity9315 (20  g/kg) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Control @entity35 were administered the appropriate vehicle by the same route as the drug. We measured the cumulative food intake (FI) for 2 h after infusion of @entity10969 and for 4 h after @entity9315 injection. RESULTS: @entity10969 significantly increased the cumulative FI in sham-operated @entity35 . In PVN-lesioned @entity35 , however, the cumulative FI at each time point (15 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h) after @entity10969 infusion was not significantly different from vehicle infusion, showing that @entity10969 lost its orexigenic effect in PVN-lesioned @entity35 . Following @entity9315 injection, the cumulative FI was greater in PVN-lesioned @entity35 than sham-operated @entity35 , indicating that PVN lesions enhanced the orexigenic effects of @entity9315 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the @entity7298 and @entity28 induced by PVN lesions may be related to an increased orexigenic action of @entity9315 , but not @entity10969 .

title: Neuropeptide Y loses its orexigenic effect in XXXX with lesions of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate outcomes after surgical ligation (SL) of @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ) in premature, @entity600 ( @entity600 ) @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Optimal management of @entity2461 in this specialized population remains undefined. Currently, surgical therapy is largely reserved for @entity1 failing medical management. To date, a large-scale, risk-matched population-based study has not been performed to evaluate differences in mortality and resource utilization. METHODS: Data on identified premature (<37 weeks) and @entity600 (<1000g) @entity1 with @entity2461 (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification, 747.0) and respiratory distress (769) were obtained from Kids' Inpatient Database (2003-2009). RESULTS: Overall, 12,470 cases were identified, with 3008 undergoing SL. Propensity score-matched analysis of 1620 SL versus 1584 non-SL found reduced mortality (15% vs 26%) and more routine disposition (48% vs 41%) for SL (P < 0.001). SL had longer length of stay and higher total cost (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, SL mortality predictors were @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ; surgical odds ratio, 5.95; medical odds ratio, 4.42) and @entity295 (3.43) (P < 0.006). Length of stay increased with @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ; 1.77), whereas total cost increased with surgical @entity3166 (1.82) and @entity295 (1.26) (P < 0.04). Non-SL mortality predictors were @entity3166 (surgical, 76.3; medical, 6.17), @entity295 (2.66), and @entity548 (1.97) (P < 0.005). Length of stay increased with @entity2107 (2.92) and @entity3166 (surgical, 2.04; medical, 1.28) (P < 0.03). Total cost increased with surgical @entity3166 (2.06), medical @entity3166 (1.57), @entity295 (1.43), and @entity2107 (1.30) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Propensity score-matched analysis demonstrates reduced mortality in premature/ @entity600 @entity1 with SL for @entity2461 . @entity3166 and @entity295 are predictors of mortality and resource utilization.

title: Reduced Hospital Mortality With Surgical Ligation of XXXX in Premature, Extremely Low Birth Weight @entity1 : A Propensity Score-matched Outcome Study.

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['extremely low birth weight', 'ELBW']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['Patent Ductus Arteriosus']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2735 , also referred to as @entity1490 or @entity50656 of Queyrat, may lead to invasive @entity957 . We assessed the results of laser therapy for @entity2735 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1986 to 2000 we treated 19 @entity1 with @entity2735 with the @entity3278 :YAG or @entity544 laser. Treatment was assessed retrospectively. No @entity1 was lost to followup. RESULTS: No complications developed and cosmesis was excellent. After 2 to 4 months 3 @entity1 (16%) received repeat treatment because of @entity75 . Mean followup was 32 months. True @entity189 in situ recurrent in 5 @entity1 (26%) at an average followup of 25 months (range 6 to 75), while 1 had infiltrating @entity189 . All @entity1 with @entity189 in situ underwent repeat laser treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience laser therapy is appropriate initial treatment for @entity2735 with excellent cosmetic and functional results. This therapy is also suited for recurrence without the need for more mutilating therapy. However, the high incidence of recurrence indicates the need for careful followup and @entity1 self-examination.

title: Laser therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the penis', 'Carcinoma in situ of the penis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete disappearance of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ["Bowen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity50656 :: ('MESH:D004919', 'Disease') :: ['erythroplasia']

answer: @entity2735 :: (MESH:D002278,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ of the penis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the immediate efficacy of the @entity12870 ( @entity12870 ) in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. INTERVENTION: Eighteen @entity1 were treated with @entity12870 ( @entity12870 group); 16 control @entity1 did not receive @entity12870 treatment (non- @entity12870 group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We compared the success rates of the @entity12870 and non- @entity12870 groups. The treatment was considered successful if it prevented vertigo and @entity1296 . @entity1 were evaluated 3 times: immediately posttreatment (the day after the first visit), in the short term (1 wk after treatment), and in the midterm (1 mo after treatment). RESULTS: Successful outcomes occurred in 12 @entity1 (67%) from the @entity12870 group and in 1 @entity1 (6%) from the non- @entity12870 group as immediate results (p < 0.001), 13 (72%) and 4 @entity1 (25%) in the short term, respectively, (p = 0.007), and 16 (89%) and 14 @entity1 (88%) in the midterm, respectively, (p > 0.05). Among @entity1 in the @entity12870 group who did not report immediate success, 1 @entity1 (6%) reported success after 1 week (short term), and 4 @entity1 (67%) had successful outcomes after 1 month (midterm). CONCLUSION: The immediate efficacy of @entity12870 supported the canalolithiasis theory. The prognosis of @entity1 with immediate unsuccessful results with @entity12870 was somewhat worse than that for @entity1 without @entity12870 treatment.

title: Immediate efficacy of the XXXX for the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['canalith repositioning procedure', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity12870 :: (MESH:D055191,Disease) :: ['canalith repositioning procedure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies have shown that molecular mechanisms underlying the development of @entity2 differ between smokers and unsmokers. Aberrant promoter methylation in some @entity5 suppressor genes is frequent in @entity2 from smokers but rare in those from non-smokers. Recently, many studies have investigated the association between cigarette smoking and @entity15893 gene promoter hypermethylation in @entity2 @entity1 , but a unanimous conclusion could not be reached. We therefore performed this meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of any association. STUDY DESIGN: An electronic search of PubMed and Chinese Biomedicine databases was conducted to select studies. A total of 19 case-control studies were chosen, and odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. RESULTS: The case-control studies covered 2, 287 @entity2 @entity1 : 63.4%(1449) of the @entity1 were smokers, 36.6% (838) were unsmokers. The overall results suggested that smokers with @entity2 had a 1.297-fold (95% CI: 1.066~1.580, p=0.010, p=0.087) higher risk for @entity15893 gene hypermethylation than the non-smokers. In the stratified analysis, an increased risk of @entity15893 gene hypermethylation in smokers than in non-smokers was found in Asian (OR=1.481, 95%CI: 1.179~1.861, p=0.001, p=0.186). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis supports the idea that @entity15893 gene hypermethylation is associated with cigarette smoking-induced @entity2 .

title: Association between Cigarette Smoking and @entity15893 Gene Promoter Hypermethylation in Lung Cancer XXXX : a Meta- analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: To study the therapeutic efficacy of intradiscal injection of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) to reduce degeneration and associated discogenic @entity158 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if intradiscal injection of OP-1 can reverse @entity1797 and reduce @entity1931 , a @entity158 -related behavior. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: We showed that induction of @entity1931 was higher in @entity35 exposed to compressed nucleus pulposus (NP). It has been reported that intradiscal injection of OP-1 stimulates synthesis of proteoglycans and collagen in normal intervertebral discs. METHODS: @entity35 were divided into several groups. In the sham group, the rings of an Ilizarov-type apparatus were only applied to the tail without compression. In the compressed NP group, the apparatus was used to apply chronically compression to the tail. Four weeks after surgery, the NP group was subdivided into 3 groups: saline-treated and OP-1-treated, which was divided into 2 groups (i.e., the continuous compression OP-1 [COP-1] group, in which compression was continuously applied to the tail for 4 weeks after OP-1 treatment and the release compression OP-1 [ROP-1] group, in which compression was released at treatment. Either physiologic saline or OP-1 was injected into the instrumented NP. The treated NP was harvested and applied to the left lumbar nerve roots 4 weeks after injection. @entity1931 was measured up to 3 weeks after surgery. The degree of @entity1797 and the appearance of the extracellular matrix in the intervertebral discs were evaluated by histology. RESULTS: Mechanical @entity1931 was observed in the sham and saline groups, but not in the OP-1 treated group. In the saline group, NP cells became spindle-shaped. In the OP-1 group, the NP cells became swollen with vacuolated cytoplasm, and the content of the extracellular matrix was markedly increased. CONCLUSION: OP-1 injection into degenerative intervertebral disc resulted in the enhancement of the extracellular matrix and the inhibition of @entity158 -related behavior.

title: Osteogenic protein-1 (osteogenic protein-1/bone morphogenetic protein-7) inhibits degeneration and @entity158 -related behavior induced by chronically compressed nucleus pulposus in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'Hyperalgesia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presence of @entity5547 and/or paraphasias in @entity1 with @entity73 suggests an associated deterioration of their language. Visual naming makes it possible to examine these signs in a controlled manner as the target word is already known. AIM. To conduct a semiological study of naming in normal aging, @entity73 and @entity73 conditions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study consisted in an analysis of nine types of signs (correct response, increased latencies, circumlocutions, absence of response, semantic @entity5785 , @entity5785 with a similar form, unrelated @entity5785 , phonemic paraphasias and neologisms) in a visual naming task (6 items), in two groups with normal language--controls > 70 years and @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) with onset of @entity2730 --and two groups with @entity455 and anomic @entity195 -. RESULTS: @entity1 failed to perform naming correctly in 4.2% of the responses in controls, 10% in @entity1 with @entity195 , 30% in @entity1 with vascular @entity2026 and 50% in @entity1 with anomic @entity195 . Semantic paraphasias were observed in the two groups with normal language abilities (controls and @entity195 ), although frequencies were low. Signs that suggest difficulties in accessing/retrieving lexical items were more frequent in @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity5856 parallel to the degree of @entity5547 . One notable finding was the absence of signs of @entity409 in the two groups with @entity195 , regardless of the degree of @entity5547 . CONCLUSIONS: Semiological quantification makes it possible to distinguish differences in the degree of @entity5547 and in the pattern of errors both in controls and in @entity1 with @entity2730 onset @entity195 and among @entity1 with vascular @entity2026 and @entity179 .

title: [Language and XXXX : a semiological study into visual naming].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment--vascular aphasia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'language impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['phonological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['verbal paraphasias']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesia', 'amnesic']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative anomia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", 'amnesic AD']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity887 after @entity130 are considered to be life-threatening complications. Our aim was to determine the incidence of arterial and @entity1211 (TE) in severely-injured @entity130 @entity1 , and its associated risk factors by using a large @entity130 registry. METHODS: @entity1 ' data from the TraumaRegister DGU   (TR-DGU) were screened for TE ( @entity1150 [symptomatic @entity1150 ], @entity1151 [symptomatic @entity1151 ], @entity583 [ @entity583 ], and @entity64 ) through the clinical course of severely injured @entity130 @entity1 from January 2005 to December 2012. Univariate analysis was used to compare the clinical outcomes (endpoints: mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, ventilator days), and a multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the independent risk factors associated with each TE event. RESULTS: From a cohort of 40,846 @entity130 @entity1 , 1122 (2.8%) @entity1 developed a TE during their post-traumatic clinical course (313, 0.8% @entity1150 ; 425, 1.0% @entity1151 ; 160, 0.4% @entity583 and 231, 0.6% @entity64 ). ICU length of stay [LOS], total LOS, days on mechanical ventilation, and incidence of @entity881 ( @entity881 ) and sepsis were significantly increased in @entity1 with TE complications. @entity130 , major @entity130 , and one or more operations were found to be independent risk factors for the development of @entity1150 . Age   >=    60 years, male gender, and more than one operation were risk factors for @entity1151 development. For @entity583 age was the only significant risk factor. The occurrence of a @entity64 is increased in @entity1 with an age   >=    60 years, @entity542 ( @entity1984 head   >=    3), and more than one operation. Finally, mortality rates were significantly higher in the TE group when compared to the non-TE cohort (21.8% vs. 12.7%; p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: TE complications were associated with longer ICU and hospital stay as well as a higher mortality. Overall, age and repeated operations were the most important risk factors for the development of TE events.

title: Post-traumatic @entity887 in polytrauma XXXX .

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['major head injury']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombo-embolic events']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombo-embolic events']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic injury', 'Injury severity', 'adult trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity784 represent 10-15% of all @entity706 making systematic prospective clinical trials difficult. Therefore, the prognostic significance of the T-cell phenotype has been a matter of controversy in recent years. In a retrospective analysis of 681 @entity1 (pts) with @entity1893 accrued from 1992 to 1997 at a single institution, 66 @entity1 with @entity784 were identified. According to the REAL classification, histologies were as follows: 28 @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ), 19 large cell @entity706 (LCAL), 12 precursor @entity981 ( @entity981 ), and seven AILD. Multiagent @entity4349 containing regimens were used as initial therapy in 91% of cases. @entity784 represent 9.8% of all @entity1893 @entity1 at our institution accrued over a 6-year period. Overall response rate was 76%, 21% had progressive disease and 3% died during first line treatment. Mean @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 8.22 +/- 0.94 years. There was a significant difference in @entity1349 between the four different histological subgroups (log rank P=0.0288). LCAL: mean @entity1349 11.05 +/- 1.55 years (95% CI 8.00-14.09); LB: mean @entity1349 7.09 +/- 1.40 years (95% CI 4.33-9.84); @entity3191 : mean 6.62 +/- 1.17 years (95% CI 4.33-8.90); AILD: 1.54 +/- 0.44 years (95% CI 0.67-2.40). @entity1349 was also significantly different for @entity1 classified according to the International Prognostic Index (IPI)-score (log rank P = 0.002). Mean @entity1349 for @entity1 with low risk, intermediate low risk, intermediate high risk and high risk was 10.46 +/- 1.02, 6.46 +/- 1.79, 4.50 +/- 1.20 and 1.15 +/- 0.46 years, respectively. Univariate analysis (log-rank test) for prognostic factors also revealed elevated LDH, B-symptoms and extranodal involvement as significant factors for @entity1349 . The presence of bulky disease (>7.5 cm), advanced stage III/IV and bone marrow involvement did not influence @entity1349 . In conclusion, it is evident that histological subtype and IPI-score have a strong prognostic impact on @entity1349 in pts with @entity784 . Thus, the distribution of risk factors in @entity1 with @entity784 may be more important for @entity1349 than T-cell histology per se.

title: XXXX in adults: clinicopathological characteristics, response to treatment and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Lb', 'lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'anaplastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphomas', 'PTCL']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the ocular findings in @entity28180 to assist in its differentiation from @entity726 in the evaluation of @entity1 with abnormally enlarged corneas. METHODS: The clinical findings of 4 @entity1 found to have @entity28180 following referral for evaluation of large corneas and suspected @entity726 were reviewed. RESULTS: Three of the 4 @entity1 had @entity3917 . Clear and enlarged corneas were observed associated with deep anterior chambers, posterior bowing of the irides, and normal intraocular pressures (IOPs) in all eyes. Transillumination of the irides was found in 6 of 8 eyes and pigment dispersion was seen in 4 of 8 eyes. Pigment dispersion appeared to be acquired over time, and the youngest @entity1 in this series who had pigment dispersion detected on slit-lamp examination was 15 years; the youngest @entity1 with the condition detected on gonioscopy was 8 years. No breaks in Descemet's membrane were present. Family history obtained from 3 of the 4 @entity1 revealed evidence of sex-linked recessive inheritance. These findings are distinct from the clinical features of @entity726 characterized by elevated IOP, breaks in Descemet's membrane, @entity3279 , a generally flat iris profile, less pronounced enlargement of the anterior segment, the @entity6716 , and autosomal recessive inheritance. Three @entity1 had corneal size asymmetry, a finding that has not been previously reported. CONCLUSION: Hereditary @entity28180 has defining clinical findings that help to identify and differentiate it from other causes of enlarged corneas. Asymmetry in corneal size does not preclude its diagnosis.

title: Primary XXXX : clinical features for differentiation from @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6716 :: ('MESH:D015783', 'Disease') :: ['absence of iris transillumination and pigment dispersion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['infantile glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity28180 :: ('MESH:C562829', 'Disease') :: ['megalocornea']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity28180 :: (MESH:C562829,Disease) :: ['megalocornea']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity694 in pregnant @entity1 is rare and tends to produce unspecific symptoms until advanced stage. Therefore common manifestations during pregnancy must be properly evaluated to avoid delayed diagnosis. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 31-year-old pregnant @entity1 presented with @entity390 , @entity391 and obstipation. An obtained magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed distended colon and the consecutive colonoscopy with biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of stenosing @entity189 of the descending colon. Left sided hemicolectomy was performed 10 days after initial presentation. @entity5 histology confirmed the diagnosis of @entity420 of the descendo-sigmoidal junction. Adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1487 was started in the 29th gestational week. The @entity1 had an uneventful delivery of a healthy baby in her 39th gestational week. DISCUSSION: @entity14 during pregnancy is a rare event and its diagnosis is often delayed because symptoms are unspecific until the disease is advanced. Although @entity1142 in pregnancy is a common symptom differential diagnosis of a mechanical stenosis should always be contemplated, especially when conservative treatment of @entity1142 fails. MRI is the imaging tool of choice as abdominal computed tomography (CT) is contraindicated in pregnancy. Endoscopic confirmation should be obtained to gain pathological diagnosis of @entity14 . Surgery is the gold standard of treatment. In relation to the stage of the disease chemotherapy is of great importance. CONCLUSION: Obstructing @entity14 can be a rare reason for the common problem of @entity1142 in pregnancy. Beside clinical examination, MRI scan and colonoscopy will reveal the @entity5 in most cases and should be followed by surgical treatment and chemotherapy according to the stage of disease.

title: Obstructing @entity420 of the descending colon in a 31-year-old pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: PURPOSE: The 2000 practice guidelines of the National @entity5 Network recommend World Health Organization Type 2-3 @entity189 ( @entity189 ) be staged for distant disease using chest X-ray and bone scan. Our aim was to evaluate these modalities plus liver ultrasonography for American Joint Committee on @entity5 /International Union Against @entity5 1997 clinical Stage I-IVB @entity189 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between February 1999 and May 2002, all @entity1 with clinical (examination plus CT/MRI of head and neck) Stage I-IVB undifferentiated @entity189 were prospectively evaluated for distant disease with chest X-ray, liver ultrasonography, and bone scan. @entity75 underwent confirmatory investigation, and @entity1 were reevaluated at 4 months. RESULTS: In the 139 @entity1 evaluated, the positive yield was 3.6% and prevalence was 5.8% (0.7% lung, 2.2% skeletal, and 2.9% liver metastases). The prevalence increased by N stage (p = 0.004) and overall stage (p = 0.05). Compared with N3 disease (odds ratio 1.0), the odds of metastases for N0, N1, and N2 disease was 0, 0.12, and 0.33, respectively. The positive yield was 0%, 1.8%, 4.8%, and 14.3% for N0, N1, N2, and N3 disease, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to evaluate the use of distant staging investigations for American Joint Committee on @entity5 /International Union Against @entity5 1997 staged @entity189 . We recommend alterations to the 2000 National @entity5 Network guidelines as follows: high-risk (N3) disease should be fully staged with chest X-ray, bone scan, and liver ultrasonography; intermediate risk (N1 and N2) disease may be staged using all three modalities on an institutional basis. No evidence supports distant imaging for low-risk (N0 or Stage I) disease.

title: Tailoring distant metastatic imaging for @entity1 with clinically localized undifferentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Suspicious lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Study was planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lornoxicam in moderate to severe @entity1834 due to @entity1834 . STUDY DESIGN: This doubled blind, double dummy, randomized, comparable study of lornoxciam versus ibuprofen was conducted at Sir Takhtsinghji General Hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. Total 57 @entity1834 @entity1 having mean age  standard deviation (SD) of 19.2  2.08 were analyzed. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to either lornoxicam 8mg or ibuprofen 400mg two times a day for maximum of three days on two consecutive menstrual periods. The different medication was taken on each cycle. The analgesic efficacy was compared by a total area under @entity158 relief score to 4 and 8h, @entity158 intensity difference, sum of @entity158 intensity difference to 4 and 8h, @entity158 intensity difference to 4 and 8h, @entity158 relief to 4 and 8h, total medication consumption, rescue medication and @entity1 global evaluation. Adverse effects were recorded in both groups. RESULTS: In both treatments, efficacy parameters were significantly reduced at measured time points as compared to baseline. No significant difference was observed between lornoxicam and ibuprofen in terms of efficacy parameters: total area under @entity158 relief to 4h (8.0  2.6 vs 8.3  2.7), total area under @entity158 relief to 8h (22.4  4.6 vs 23.0  4.4), sum of @entity158 intensity difference to 4h (-5.7  1.9 vs -6.0  2.0), sum of @entity158 intensity difference to 8h (-17.5  3.3 vs -17.8  3.5), @entity158 relief to 4h (3.4  0.8 vs 3.5  0.8), @entity158 relief to 8h (3.9  0.5 vs 3.9  0.4), @entity158 intensity difference to 4h (-2.6  0.7 vs -2.7  0.7), @entity158 intensity difference to 8h (-3.3  0.6 vs -3.3  0.6). Total medication consumption, a requirement of rescue medication and global evaluation of efficacy were comparable in both groups. The incidence of adverse effect was also similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Lornoxicam appears to be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity1834 .

title: Efficacy and safety of lornoxicam vs ibuprofen in XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, double dummy, active-controlled, cross over study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['primary dysmenorrhea', 'menstrual pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['peak pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1834 :: (MESH:D004412,Disease) :: ['primary dysmenorrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Negative beliefs about @entity716 and other mental health difficulties may contribute to @entity308 and distress in individuals with these experiences. The Personal Beliefs about Experience Questionnaire (PBEQ) and Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire (PBIllQ) are two widely used measures of these beliefs. It is currently uncertain how the items on these measures map onto different underlying factors. This study therefore aimed to test the factor structure of these two measures. METHODS: Confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) was used to test three alternative, pre-specified, factor structures for the PBIllQ and PBEQ in a sample of individuals diagnosed with @entity162 (n  =  202) and a sample of individuals with experien-ces of @entity716 (n  =  362). Associations with @entity308 were also examined. RESULT: A three-factor structure was supported for both measures, which included Negative Expectations/Appraisals (NEA), @entity154 ( @entity154 ) and External Shame (ES) factors. The NEA and @entity154 subscales also had consistent independent associations with @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the PBIllQ and PBEQ may capture three distinct sets of negative beliefs in individuals with @entity716 or @entity162 and that these beliefs may have important consequences for subsequent difficulties in these populations such as @entity308 . Both measures may be helpful in supporting assessment and formulation in clinical practice and in evaluating belief change in intervention trials. However, when used in these settings, the three subscales identified in this study may be the most valid way of calculating scores on these measures. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Negative personal beliefs about the causes, meaning and consequences of @entity716 and @entity162 are associated with greater distress and @entity308 . Two related measures, the PBIllQ and PBEQ, have been developed to assess these beliefs. Our analyses suggest that scores on these questionnaires are best broken down into three subscales which capture perceptions of internal shame or defectiveness, general negative appraisals and perceptions of external shame. These subscales may capture key underlying sets of negative beliefs within individuals with @entity716 or @entity162 , which in turn impact upon well-being, such as being associated with greater @entity308 . These subscales can be used to aid assessment and formulation within clinical practice but may also provide a valuable means of assessing changes in negative beliefs following interventions.

title: Confirming the structure of negative beliefs about @entity716 and XXXX : A confirmatory factor analysis study of the Personal Beliefs about Experience Questionnaire and Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Internal Shame/Defectiveness', 'ISD']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to asses blood plasma concentrations of @entity4483 protein and Tissue Polypeptide Antigen ( @entity865 ) in @entity1 with confirmed @entity385 and to correlate these concentrations with @entity64 severity. METHODS: @entity4483 protein and @entity865 blood plasma concentrations were determined in 47 @entity1 with @entity583 and in the control population. @entity4483 protein was assessed on the 1th day, @entity865 on the 1th, 7th and 14th day. The clinical status was documented using Scandinavian @entity64 Scale. The functional deficit after the @entity64 was scored by Barthel Index. RESULTS: The analysis of the entire examined group in relation to the control population showed elevated concentrations of @entity4483 protein (0.47 ng/ml vs. 0.19 g/ml). The highest concentrations were in the severe @entity64 group (0.89 ng/ml). The assessment of @entity865 blood plasma concentrations showed higher ones in the examined group of @entity1 : 225.7 U/l on the 1st day; 96.1 U/l on the 7th day; 125.64 U/l on the 14th day after the @entity64 in relation to the control population. CONCLUSION: The analysis of obtained results showed significant increase of @entity4483 protein blood plasma concentrations in @entity1 with severe @entity64 and @entity865 in @entity1 with mild @entity64 . S-100 protein blood plasma concentration assessed on the 1st day after the @entity385 is the parameter presenting the highest diagnostic utility and its value above 0.6 ng/ml was obtained only in @entity1 with severe @entity64 .

title: The diagnostic utility of XXXX protein and @entity865 in @entity1 with @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity4483 :: (6285,Gene) :: ['S-100B']


abstract: @entity5 cells are resistant to treatment, leading to the selection of cells with a more malignant phenotype. The expression of @entity687 ( @entity687 ) plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and @entity3 of solid @entity5 including @entity263 . Recently, we detected elevated expression of @entity687 and @entity687 receptors in @entity1 @entity263 tissue. The objective of the current study was to determine whether @entity519 increases @entity687 and @entity687 receptor expression in @entity263 cells and whether this contributes to a survival advantage in @entity519 cells. @entity687 , @entity7415 and @entity7416 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in PC3 cells was upregulated in response to @entity519 in a time-dependent manner. Elevated @entity687 secretion following @entity519 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while immunoblotting confirmed elevated receptor expression. Attenuation of @entity519 -inducible factor ( @entity7738 ) and nuclear factor-kappaB ( @entity2451 ) transcriptional activity using small interfering RNA (siRNA), a @entity7738 dominant-negative and pharmacological inhibitors, abrogated @entity519 -induced transcription of @entity7415 and @entity7416 in PC3 cells. Furthermore, chromatin-IP analysis demonstrated binding of @entity7738 and @entity2451 to @entity7415 . Finally, inhibition of @entity687 signaling potentiated @entity2879 -induced cell death in @entity519 PC3 cells. These results suggest that @entity687 signaling confers a survival advantage to @entity263 cells, and therefore, strategies to inhibit @entity687 signaling may sensitize @entity5 cells to conventional treatments.

title: @entity7738 and @entity2451 -mediated upregulation of @entity7415 and XXXX expression promotes cell survival in @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'hypoxic prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic cancer', 'hypoxic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity7416 :: (3579,Gene) :: ['CXCR2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 is the leading cause of illness and @entity204 in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Infection during pregnancy with @entity9231 or vivax @entity311 , as occurs in PNG, has health implications for mother and @entity1 , causing complications such as @entity417 , low birth weight and @entity2208 . This article explores knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning @entity311 during pregnancy and it's prevention in Madang, PNG, a high prevalence area. METHODS: As part of a qualitative study in Madang, exploring @entity21575 , participatory techniques (free-listing and sorting) were conducted along with focus group discussions, in-depth interviews (with pregnant @entity1 , health staff and other community members) and observations in the local community and health facilities. RESULTS: The main themes explored were attitudes towards and knowledge of @entity21575 , its risks, and prevention. Although there was a general awareness of the term " @entity311 ", it was often conflated with general sickness or with pregnancy-related symptoms. Moreover, many preventive methods for @entity21575 were related to practices of general healthy living. Indeed, varied messages from health staff about the risks of @entity21575 were observed. In addition to ideas about the seriousness and risk of @entity21575 , other factors influenced the uptake of interventions: availability and perceived comfort of sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets were important determinants of usage, and @entity1 's heavy workload influenced @entity503 adherence. CONCLUSION: The non-specific symptoms of @entity21575 and its resultant conflation with symptoms of pregnancy that are perceived as normal have implications for @entity21575 prevention and control. However, in Madang, PNG, this was compounded by the inadequacy of health staff's message about @entity21575 .

title: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning XXXX in pregnancy: results from a qualitative study in madang, papua new Guinea.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['maternal anemia']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloroquine']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pre-clinical assessment of bioartificial liver support systems requires a highly reproducible large animal model. The main objective of the present study was to develop a valid large animal model for assessing novel bioartificial liver support systems in @entity879 . METHODS: A complete liver devascularization procedure was performed in 10 female @entity1707 weighing 25-38 kg. Five matched @entity1707 were sham-operated and served as controls. RESULTS: @entity1707 with @entity879 developed a hyperdynamic circulation, with increased cardiac index (P( @entity1422 ) < .0001), decreased systemic vascular resistance index (P( @entity1422 ) < .0001) and mean arterial pressure (P( @entity1422 ) = .001). Furthermore, intracranial @entity101 developed (P( @entity1422 ) < .0001). with increased common carotid artery flow (P( @entity1422 ) < .0001) and decreased common carotid resistance (P(G) = .003). Femoral artery flow increased (P = .036). while hindleg resistance (P < .001) and renal artery resistance decreased (P = .019). @entity26 consumption (P( @entity1422 ) = .050) and @entity26 extraction ratio (P( @entity1422 ) = .001) increased compared to controls. Arterial ammonia, venous @entity492 aminotransferase and @entity648 levels increased (P( @entity1422 ) < .0001, respectively). Abnormal haemostasis developed with significant loss of platelets (P( @entity1422 ) = .010), decreasing fibrinogen levels (P(G) = .001) and increasing international normalized ratio (P( @entity1422 ) = .012) and activated clotting time (PGT < .001). Urine became hypo-osmotic (P < .001. P(G) = .011), with decreased @entity1372 levels (P = .08) and increased @entity972 levels (P(G) = .025). CONCLUSIONS: This study characterizes a reproducible large animal model for @entity879 that seems suitable for the assessment of bioartificial liver support systems.

title: An experimental large animal model for the assessment of bioartificial liver support systems in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative benefits and complications of assisted vaginal delivery with metal and @entity1346 rubber vacuum extractor cups. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study. SETTING: A busy referral maternity hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. SUBJECTS: 101 @entity1 were assigned to delivery with the Silc-cup and 98 to delivery with the metal cup. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success rate at achieving delivery with the assigned instrument and incidence of neonatal @entity130 . Analysis was by 'intention to deliver' with @entity1 remaining in their original group regardless of the eventual mode of delivery. RESULTS: Randomization resulted in two groups of @entity1 similar in respect of age, parity, gestation and indication for delivery. The overall success rate was similar for the two instruments (Silc-cup 85% and metal cup 87%). The Silc-cup was more likely to fail if there was excessive caput (seven failures compared with one in the metal cup group). The frequency of clinically significant maternal @entity130 was low in both groups. There were fewer babies with clinically significant scalp @entity130 in the Silc-cup group (22%), compared with the metal cup group (37%). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate a greater tendency for the Silc-cup to fail when excessive caput is present but that metal cups are associated with @entity130 .

title: A randomized prospective study comparing delivery with metal and XXXX rubber vacuum extractor cups.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'increased scalp injuries']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of phase-modulated near-infrared techniques for measurement of the @entity26 saturation of cerebral tissue requires both validation by conventional measures of cerebral oxygenation and determination of normal and abnormal values. This study was undertaken to validate phase-modulated near-infrared measurements of cerebral @entity26 saturation by comparing them with electroencephalographic evidence of @entity2806 during implantation of cardioverting defibrillators. This comparison also yields an estimate of the @entity63 threshold as measured with near-infrared techniques. METHODS: Electroencephalograms and near-infrared measurements were performed during 85 episodes of @entity2224 in ten @entity1 . Light at 754, 785, and 816 nm was modulated at 200 MHz, transmitted through the skull, and the path lengths of the reflected light were determined by measuring the phase shifts. The electroencephalogram was inspected for changes during the @entity551 associated with the @entity943 and the @entity26 saturation was calculated from the near-infrared path lengths. Changes in @entity26 saturation were then compared with electroencephalographic evidence of @entity2806 . RESULTS: The mean saturation before fibrillation was 56.5% +/- 1.2 (SEM). In 40 (47%) of the events, electroencephalographic evidence of @entity63 was observed. Such changes were related to the minimum saturation observed during @entity2224 (44% +/- 2.5 vs. 56% +/- 1.9 in the absence of electroencephalographic changes; P < 0.001). The @entity63 threshold was estimated to be 47% saturation. The sensitivity of this technique was estimated to be 0.6, the specificity 0.84, and the predictive accuracy 0.73. CONCLUSIONS: Near-infrared measurements reflect changes in cerebral oxygenation as indicated by electroencephalographic evidence of @entity2806 .

title: Near-infrared measurement of cerebral oxygenation. Correlation with @entity63 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a chronic and progressive @entity13374 and is manifest by @entity1834 and a major cause of @entity1118 . The study was designed to compare the value of cervico-vaginal fluid of @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ) in @entity1 with and without @entity46 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 were assessed in this case control study. The case group included 25 @entity1 with @entity46 . The control group included 25 @entity1 without any evidence of @entity46 or any other @entity790 . Endometriosis was confirmed by laparoscopy and histopathological examination. Cervico-vaginal fluid samples were obtained from @entity1 during the follicular phase and preup surgery to assess the levels of @entity1192 in cervico-vaginal fluid. The level of @entity1192 was assessed using commercially available Avi Bionhuman Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kits (FIN-01720, Vantaa, Finland) for @entity1192 . Receiver-operator curve analysis was used to estimate the power of @entity1192 to distinguish subjects with @entity46 from controls. RESULTS: The cervico-vaginal fluid level of @entity1192 in cases was 210.44    40.11 pg/mL and in controls was 54.28    25.73 pg/mL, the differences between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The cut-off point for cervico-vaginal fluid @entity1192 for @entity46 was 105 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86.2-100), and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 86.2-100). CONCLUSION: Results show a significant increase in the cervico-vaginal fluid levels of @entity1192 , in @entity1 with @entity46 , that it can be a useful marker in the diagnosis of @entity46 .

title: The diagnostic role of cervico-vaginal fluid interleukins-1a in XXXX : A case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['infertility and chronic pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital disease']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Microglia and astrocytes in the peri- @entity1188 region are activated in response to focal @entity64 . A critical function of activated glia is formation of a protective barrier that ultimately forms a new glial-limiting membrane. Osteopontin, a provisional matrix protein expressed during wound healing, is induced after focal @entity64 . The present study was performed to determine the spatial and temporal expression of osteopontin and its integrin receptor alpha(v)beta3 during formation of the peri- @entity1188 gliotic barrier and subsequent formation of a new glial-limiting membrane. METHODS: Spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (n = 19) were subjected to permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and killed 3, 6, and 24 hours and 2, 5, and 15 days after occlusion. The spatial and temporal expression of osteopontin mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization, and that of osteopontin ligand and its integrin receptor alpha(v)beta3 was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Osteopontin mRNA was expressed de novo in the peri- @entity1188 region from 3 to 48 hours; by 5 days osteopontin mRNA expression was restricted to the @entity1188 . Osteopontin protein was expressed by peri- @entity1188 microglia beginning at 24 hours and by microglia/macrophages at 48 hours in the @entity1188 . Integrin receptor alpha(v)beta3 was expressed in peri- @entity1188 astrocytes at 5 and 15 days. CONCLUSIONS: Early microglial/macrophage expression of osteopontin mRNA defines the borders and final @entity1188 area at 24 hours. At 5 days osteopontin ligand is at a distance from the peri- @entity1188 astrocytes expressing integrin receptor alpha(v)beta3. By 15 days astrocytes expressing integrin receptor alpha(v)beta3 are localized in an osteopontin-rich region concomitant with formation of the new glial-limiting membrane. The de novo expression and interaction of osteopontin ligand with its receptor integrin alpha(v)beta3 suggest a role in wound healing after focal @entity64 .

title: Osteopontin and its integrin receptor alpha(v)beta3 are upregulated during formation of the glial scar after focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Haploid @entity375 cells are capable of invading agar when grown on rich media. Cells of the Sigma1278b genetic background manifest this property, whereas other laboratory strains are incapable of @entity851 . We show that disruption of the @entity6774 gene in the Sigma1278b background significantly reduces @entity851 but that expression of a constitutively active @entity6774 ( @entity6774 ) in this strain has a minimal effect on its invasiveness. On the other hand, expression of @entity6774 (Val19)p in another laboratory strain, SP1, rendered it invasive. These results suggest that a hyperactive @entity6774 pathway induces @entity851 and that this pathway might be overactive in the Sigma1278b genetic background. Indeed, cells of the Sigma1278b are defective in the induction of stress-responsive genes, while their @entity8422 target genes are constitutively transcribed. This pattern of gene expression was previously shown to be associated with an active Ras/ @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) pathway. We show that suppression of stress-related genes in Sigma1278b cells is a result of their inability to activate transcription through the stress response element (STRE). Disruption of @entity6774 , which abolished invasiveness, induced an increase in STRE activity. Further, in the SP1 genetic background, disruption of either the @entity62747 genes (encoding activators of STRE) or the @entity43540 gene was sufficient to restore @entity851 in ras2Delta cells. We conclude that @entity6774 -mediated suppression of the stress response is sufficient to induce invasiveness. Accordingly, the fact that the stress response is suppressed in Sigma1278b background explains its invasiveness. It seems that invasiveness is a phenotype related to unregulated growth and is therefore manifested by cells harboring an overactive Ras/ @entity268 cascade. In this respect, invasiveness in @entity375 is reminiscent of the property of ras-transformed fibroblasts to invade soft agar.

title: The @entity375 ras/ XXXX pathway induces @entity851 by suppressing the cellular stress response.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['invasive growth']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To study functional neurologic and cognitive outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a cohort of @entity1 included in a randomised controlled trial on @entity413 control following out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) from @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) treated with therapeutic @entity2332 . METHODS: @entity1 alive at 6 months after being discharged from the hospital underwent clinical neurological and extensive neuropsychological examinations. Functional outcome was evaluated with the Cerebral Performance Category scale, the modified Rankin scale and the Barthel Index. Cognitive outcome was evaluated by neuropsychological test battery including two measures of each cognitive function: cognitive speed, execution, memory, verbal skills and visuospatial performance. We also assessed quality of life with a HRQoL 15D questionnaire. RESULTS: Of 90 OHCA- @entity2224 @entity1 included in the original trial, 57 were alive at 6 months. Of these, 52 (91%) were functionally independent and 54 (95%) lived at their previous home. Focal @entity51 were scarce. Intact cognitive performance was observed in 20 (49%), mild to moderate @entity51 (34%) and severe @entity73 in 7 (17%) of 41 @entity1 assessed by a neuropsychologist. @entity73 were most frequently detected in executive and memory functions. HRQoL of the CA survivors was comparable to that of age- and gender matched population. CONCLUSIONS: Functional outcome six months after OHCA and therapeutic @entity2332 was good in the great majority of the survivors, and half of them were cognitively intact. Of note, the HRQoL of CA survivors did not differ from that of age- and gender matched population.

title: Functional outcome, cognition and quality of life after out-of-hospital XXXX and therapeutic @entity2332 : data from a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'Cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in 14', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Time-dependent increases in cue-induced @entity969 seeking after forced abstinence have been described in @entity35 with a history of @entity969 self-administration, suggesting @entity969 craving "incubates". In the present study, we examined whether the incubation of craving generalizes to the artificial sweetener, @entity8021 . Thirty-one male Long-Evans @entity35 lever pressed for 0.3% @entity8021 solution 1h/day for 10 days. On either Day 1 or 30 of forced abstinence, @entity35 responded for 1h for presentation of a tone+light cue previously presented with every @entity8021 delivery during self-administration training. @entity35 responded more during this cue-reactivity test session following 30 vs. 1 day of forced abstinence ("incubation of craving"). This result is the first demonstration of the "incubation of @entity8021 craving" and suggests that a post-ingestive caloric consequence of self-administration is not a necessary condition for the development of incubation of @entity969 craving. We also examined the time course (within-session decreases) of active-lever responding during the 1-h cue-reactivity test session. @entity35 in the Day 30 group responded more than @entity35 in the Day 1 group from the beginning of the test session. In addition, within-session decreases in responding were shallower in slope in the Day 30 than the Day 1 group. These results indicate that "incubation of @entity8021 craving" enhances the persistence of seeking behavior.

title: Incubation of XXXX craving and within-session changes in responding for a cue previously associated with @entity8021 .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

answer: @entity8021 :: (MESH:D012439,Chemical) :: ['saccharin']