abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly prescribed after rotator cuff repair. These agents can impair bone formation, but no studies have evaluated their impact on tendon-to-bone healing. HYPOTHESIS: Traditional nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and @entity4645 -specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs interfere with tendon-to-bone healing. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: One hundred eighty @entity35 underwent acute rotator cuff repairs. Postoperatively, 60 @entity35 received 14 days of @entity12698 , a @entity4645 -specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; 60 received @entity3352 , a traditional nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; and 60 received standard @entity35 chow. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks and evaluated by gross inspection, biomechanical testing, histologic analysis, and polarized light microscopy to quantify collagen formation and maturation. RESULTS: Five tendons completely failed to heal (4 @entity12698 , 1 @entity3352 ). There were significantly lower failure loads in the @entity12698 and @entity3352 groups compared with the control groups at 2, 4, and 8 weeks (P < .001), with no significant difference between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug groups. There were significant differences in collagen organization and maturation between the controls and both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug groups at 4 and 8 weeks (P < .001). Controls demonstrated progressively increasing collagen organization during the course of the study (P < .001), whereas the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug groups did not. CONCLUSION: Traditional and @entity4645 -specific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs significantly inhibited tendon-to-bone healing. This inhibition appears linked to @entity4645 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: If the results of this study are verified in a larger animal model, the common practice of administering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after rotator cuff repair should be reconsidered.

title: XXXX and @entity12698 impair rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['Indomethacin']


abstract: Road traffic accidents are the most common cause of @entity130 , in which spinal roots are torn from the spinal cord. @entity1 suffer from a loss of sensorimotor function, intractable spontaneous @entity158 , and @entity56 . The @entity9 are particularly difficult to treat because the lack of a well-established animal model of @entity130 prevents identifying the underlying mechanisms and hinders the development of efficacious drugs. This article describes a hindlimb model of @entity130 in adult @entity35 where the L5 dorsal and ventral spinal root are unilaterally avulsed (spinal root @entity155 [SRA]), leaving the adjacent L4 spinal root intact. SRA produced a significant ipsilateral @entity56 to mechanical and thermal stimulation by 5 days compared with sham-operated or na  ve @entity35 . This @entity56 is maintained for up to 60 days. No autotomy was @entity717 were minimal. The @entity56 to peripheral stimuli could be temporarily ameliorated by administration of @entity3659 and @entity2049 , drugs that are currently prescribed to @entity155 @entity1 . Histological assessment of the L4 ganglion cells revealed no significant alterations in @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ), @entity5510 ( @entity5510 ), or N52 staining across groups. Immunohistochemistry of the spinal cord revealed a localized glial response, phagocyte infiltration, and @entity528 within the ipsilateral avulsed segment. A comparable response from glia and phagocytes was also found in the intact L4 spinal cord, supporting the role for central mechanisms within the L4-5 spinal cord in contributing to the generation of the @entity158 -related behavior. The SRA model provides a platform to investigate possible new pharmacological treatments for @entity155 injuries.

title: Segmental spinal root @entity155 in the adult XXXX : a model to study @entity130 pain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity', 'border-zone hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity5510 :: ('83810(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IB4, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1', 'TrpV1']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['observed and locomotor deficits']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pains']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity5 @entity8983 ( @entity419 ) incorporation is related to response however its significance at the cell level in @entity5 and how it relates to cell death is unknown. Here @entity1 @entity356 ( @entity15206 ) cells were treated with lethal dose 10 and 50 (LD(10) and LD(50)), determined by using the @entity98 assay, of the three drugs, @entity1259 , @entity1487 and @entity900 , commonly used in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity419 incorporation was determined after 48 and 72 h of treatment with each drug and related to drug-induced changes in @entity413 transport, hexokinase activity, cell cycle distribution and annexin V-PE binding (a measure of apoptosis). Treatment of cells for 48 and 72 h with LD(50) doses of @entity900 resulted in reductions in @entity419 incorporation of 27 and 25% respectively and of @entity1487 reduced @entity419 incorporation by 34 and 33% respectively: @entity1259 treatment reduced incorporation by 30 and 69% respectively. Cells that had been treated for 72 h with each drug were incubated in drug-free media for a further 6 days to determine their ability to recover. Comparison of the ability to recover from the chemotherapy agent, with @entity419 incorporation before the recovery period allowed an assessment of the predictive ability of @entity419 incorporation. Cells treated with either @entity1487 or @entity900 demonstrated recovery on removal of the drug. In contrast, cells treated with @entity1259 did not recover corresponding with the greatest 72 h treatment decrease in @entity419 incorporation. In contrast to adherent cells treated with @entity900 or @entity1487 , adherent @entity1259 -treated cells also exhibited very high levels of apoptosis. @entity413 transport was decreased after each treatment whilst hexokinase activity was only decreased after 72 h of treatment with each drug. There was no consistent relationship observed between @entity419 incorporation and cell cycle distribution. Our results show that at the @entity5 cell level in @entity5 cells, decreased @entity419 incorporation and @entity413 transport, accompanies therapeutic growth inhibition. @entity419 incorporation is particularly diminished in cells exhibiting apoptosis.

title: @entity8983 incorporation by @entity15206 @entity356 cells in vitro during response to @entity1259 , @entity900 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8983 :: ('CHEBI:49134', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'gastric tumour', 'gastro-oesophageal cancer', 'Decreased tumour']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of accelerated hyperfractionated @entity1514 radiotherapy concurrently combined with daily @entity3003 in @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity1149 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-one @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 were treated with continuous course, twice daily @entity1514 radiotherapy (1.5 Gy each) to a total of 60 Gy over 4 weeks. @entity3003 (25 mg/m2) i.v. was given immediately before each morning @entity1514 radiotherapy. Blood samples were taken to measure the blood free @entity902 pharmacokinetics on day 1. RESULTS: All 31 @entity1 completed the protocol treatment without delay. The median age was 73 years, and the majority had Stage IIIA (32%) or IIIB (48%) disease. Major acute @entity137 (> or = Grade 3) included 17 @entity1 (55%) with @entity1431 , 5 @entity1 (16%) with @entity882 , and 7 @entity1 (23%) with @entity2910 . One possible treatment-related @entity204 due to diffuse @entity55 was observed. There were three complete responses (CRs) and 23 partial responses (PRs) in the radiation field, for a response rate of 84%. The relapse pattern was predominantly loco-regional, and the median survival time was 9.8 months. The area under the plasma level-time curve (AUC) of free @entity902 correlated significantly (r = -0.41, p = 0.04) with the surviving fraction of leukocytes, but not with the severity of the @entity2910 . Responders had significantly (p = 0.04 by Welch's t-test) higher AUCs than nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS: This combination therapy was feasible and efficacious against locally advanced @entity1149 . Although long-term local control still remains unsatisfactory, pharmacokinetic data are suggestive of a role for @entity902 in enhancing the radiation effect.

title: Concurrent daily XXXX and accelerated hyperfractionated @entity1514 radiotherapy in locally advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, biological effects, and immunogenicity of recombinant soluble complement receptor 1 (TP10) in @entity1 with @entity647 ( @entity647 ) and @entity649 ( @entity649 ). DESIGN: Open label, ascending dosage, phase I trial. SETTING: Two academic teaching hospitals. @entity1 : A total of 24 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity647 / @entity649 . INTERVENTION: A single, 30-min intravenous infusion of 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg TP10. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum levels of TP10 increased in proportion to the dose. Mean variable estimates (+/-SD) were half-life of disposition 69.7 +/- 39.7 hrs, plasma clearance 2.39 +/- 1.32 mL/hr/kg, and volume of distribution 190.6 +/- 135.0 mL/kg. Inhibition of complement activity, measured by CH50, was significant for the interaction of dose and time (p = .024). The @entity4417 levels demonstrated a trend for dose which did not reach statistical significance (p = .090) and soluble C5b-9 levels were significant only for dose (p = .023). As expected by the proposed physiologic mechanism, @entity10287 levels were not affected by TP10, dose, or time. The overall mortality rate was 33%. Neither the type nor the frequency rate of specific adverse events were substantially different between dose groups. Seven adverse events in four @entity1 were thought to be possibly related to TP10. CONCLUSIONS: TP10 has a half-life of approximately 70 hrs and at doses > or =1 mg/kg, significantly inhibits complement activity at the levels of C3 and C5 in @entity1 with @entity647 / @entity649 . Complement inhibition was more prolonged over time with TP10 doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg. TP10 appears to be safe at the doses tested. Further studies will be required to completely assess the impact of TP10 on pathophysiology and clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity647 / @entity649 .

title: Phase I trial of the recombinant soluble complement receptor 1 in @entity647 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the surgical results of a series of @entity1 from this unit who underwent extended temporal bone resection for recurrent @entity957 as a salvage procedure. DESIGN: The surgical records of 15 @entity1 were analyzed in detail. Each @entity1 had salvage surgery in the form of an extended temporal bone resection with supraomohyoid block dissection, dural grafting, and free microvascular forearm or scalp rotation flap repair for recurrent @entity957 in a radical @entity2267 . RESULTS: Radical surgery yielded a 47% 5-year survival. Twenty-nine percent of the survivors had temporal lobe involvement that necessitated a partial excision of the temporal lobe of the brain. Histologic evidence of local lymph node involvement in the supraomohyoid neck dissection was present in 13% of cases. Those who died did so in the first postoperative year. All those with poorly differentiated @entity5 died. The survivors had well or moderately differentiated @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy alone or partial temporal bone resection, most commonly a radical mastoidectomy with or without preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy is used by the majority of otolaryngologists in treating @entity957 of the temporal bone. The 5-year survival rate after this treatment remains depressingly low and the prognosis gloomy, particularly for advanced @entity5 . The findings in this series of extended temporal bone resections as salvage surgery in recurrent disease is encouraging, and radical surgery combined with radiotherapy from the outset may give much better 5-year survival figures in the future than the conventional partial temporal bone resection and radiotherapy.

title: Extended temporal bone resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoid cavity']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Retrospective study of 189 cases of lower @entity9867 treated from 1996-2000 is done. There were 69% males and 31% females. Median age was 66.8 years. 84.4% of @entity1 were with @entity5 stage I-II. Surgical treatment was performed in 83.6% of @entity1 . In all operated cases was @entity957 as @entity5 in 17.4%, as exophytic in 46% and as ulcerative in 36.6%. There were different methods of local excision, primary reconstruction and neck dissection depending from stage. In the @entity1 group with clinically negative neck at the first attendance (170 @entity1 ) delayed cervical @entity3 developed in 6 @entity1 (3.5%). Recurrence at the primary site developed in 11.3% of @entity1 and was associated with large @entity5 size and low @entity5 differentiation. Survival rate at 5-year follow-up was 95% for @entity1 with I stage, 89.7% for II stage and 37% for III and IV stage @entity1 or mean for all group 83.7%. Diagnosis and treatment of @entity15608 also is discussed.

title: 5 year experience with lower XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'verrucous tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity15608 :: ('MESH:C535669', 'Disease') :: ['actinic cheilitis']

entities_list: @entity9867 :: ('MESH:D008048', 'Disease') :: ['lip cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity9867 :: (MESH:D008048,Disease) :: ['lip cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restoring the continuity of lymphatic drainage by lymphaticovenous or lymphaticolymphatic @entity254 was observed in the short term to be patent but eventually occluded because the elevated interstitial pressure will cause obliteration of these tiny, thin-walled, low-pressure lumens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of vascularized groin lymph node transfer using the wrist as a recipient site in @entity1 with postmastectomy upper extremity @entity4269 . METHODS: Between January of 1997 and June of 2005, 13 consecutive @entity1 with a mean age of 50.69 +/- 11.25 years underwent vascularized groin lymph node transfer for postmastectomy upper extremity @entity4269 . A vascularized groin lymph node nourished by the superficial circumflex iliac vessels was harvested and transferred to the dorsal wrist of the @entity4218 . The superficial radial artery and the cephalic vein were used as the recipient vessels. Outcome was assessed by upper limb girth, incidence of @entity2688 , and lymphoscintigraphy. RESULTS: All flaps survived, and one flap required reexploration, with successful salvage. No donor-site morbidity was encountered. At a mean follow-up of 56.31 +/- 27.12 months, the mean reduction rate (50.55 +/- 19.26 percent) of the @entity4218 was statistically significant between the preoperative and postoperative groups (p < 0.01). The incidence of @entity2688 was decreased in 11 @entity1 . Postoperative lymphoscintigraphy indicated improved lymph drainage of the affected arm, revealing @entity393 and rapid lymphatic clearance. A hypothesis was proposed that the vascularized groin lymph node transfer might act as an internal pump and suction pathway for lymphatic clearance of @entity4218 . CONCLUSION: Vascularized groin lymph node transfer using the wrist as a recipient site is a novel and reliable procedure that significantly improves postmastectomy upper extremity @entity4269 .

title: Vascularized groin lymph node transfer using the wrist as a recipient site for management of postmastectomy upper extremity XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedematous limb']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased lymph stasis']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1583 have increased risks of @entity1031 or @entity548 . The commonest thrombotic complication is @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Other @entity715 occur in association with specific disorders, such as @entity2106 in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and disseminated @entity5642 in @entity2799 . Clinical trials show that unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are efficacious for @entity1211 prophylaxis in @entity5 @entity1 after major surgery or when hospitalized for acute medical illnesses. These findings in @entity5 @entity1 are probably applicable to @entity1 with @entity1583 , in whom there are very few studies. However, the effectiveness of anticoagulant @entity1211 prophylaxis is not established in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity5 except for multiple @entity1582 @entity1 treated with @entity2816 and chemotherapy. LMWH is widely used as initial treatment for @entity1211 because it enables home therapy without laboratory monitoring, thereby improving the @entity1 's quality of life. UFH is preferred in @entity1 with high @entity548 risks and @entity8 . In @entity5 @entity1 , @entity2067 antagonists for the long-term treatment of @entity1211 are increasingly replaced by LMWH, which show superior efficacy. When prescribing anticoagulant prophylaxis or treatment to @entity1 with @entity1583 , clinical benefits must be weighed carefully against the risks of @entity548 .

title: Management of XXXX in @entity1583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic conditions']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity20136 include @entity74 : @entity12437 ( @entity12437 ) and @entity24664 ( @entity24664 ) with recessive transmission and @entity20136 ( @entity20136 ) with dominant transmission. We investigated three unrelated Tunisian @entity1 born from consanguineous marriages, presenting @entity20136 associated with chronic @entity294 and @entity851 . Proband HBL-108 had a moderate @entity20136 , apparently transmitted as dominant trait, suggesting the diagnosis of @entity20136 . However, she had no mutations in @entity20136 candidate genes ( @entity755 , @entity756 and @entity36549 ). The analysis of @entity13489 gene was also negative, whereas @entity52610 gene resequencing showed that the @entity1 was homozygous for a novel mutation ( @entity52611 ), resulting in an @entity535 substitution ( @entity52612 ), located in a conserved region of @entity52610 protein. In the HBL-103 and HBL-148 probands, the severity of @entity20136 and its recessive transmission suggested the diagnosis of @entity12437 . The @entity13489 gene resequencing showed that probands HBL-103 and HBL-148 were homozygous for a @entity377 substitution in the donor splice site of intron 9 ( @entity52613 ) and intron 16 ( @entity52614 ) respectively. Both mutations were predicted in silico to abolish the function of the splice site. In vitro functional assay with splicing mutation reporter @entity13489 minigenes showed that the intron 9 mutation caused the skipping of exon 9, while the intron 16 mutation caused a partial retention of this intron in the mature mRNA. The predicted translation products of these mRNAs are non-functional truncated proteins. The diagnosis of @entity12437 and @entity24664 should be considered in @entity1 born from consanguineous parents, presenting chronic @entity294 associated with @entity20136 .

title: Novel mutations in @entity52610 and @entity13489 genes in Tunisian @entity1 with XXXX and @entity12437 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['retarded growth']

entities_list: @entity12437 :: ('MESH:D000012', 'Disease') :: ['abetalipoproteinemia', 'ABL']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity52612 :: ('p|SUB|E|62|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Glu62Lys']

entities_list: @entity20136 :: ('MESH:D006995', 'Disease') :: ['Monogenic hypobetalipoproteinemias', 'familial hypobetalipoproteinemia', 'FHBL', 'hypobetalipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['three disorders']

entities_list: @entity24664 :: ('MESH:C535460', 'Disease') :: ['CMRD', 'chylomicron retention disease']

answer: @entity24664 :: (MESH:C535460,Disease) :: ['chylomicron retention disease']


abstract: The large majority of @entity674 ( @entity674 ) can be diagnosed on the basis of KIT immunoreactivity. However, some @entity5 show weak or negative KIT expression. We studied the imaging characteristics of @entity674 , reviewing CT and MRI findings in ten @entity1 (eight @entity1 , two @entity1 ; mean age 59 years) with @entity674 . Radiological studies were evaluated by two radiologists by consensus and included CT and MR imaging in all @entity1 . Pathological diagnoses were made from surgery and confirmed by the polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) to amplify both exons of the @entity2467 gene and @entity675 gene. The CT and MR examinations revealed a heterogeneous mass of the stomach containing cystic regions and soft tissue elements in all cases. All lesions were extraluminal masses and had an exophytic epicenter. On T1-weighted MR images soft tissue elements of the @entity5 were of homogeneously low- (n=3) or iso-signal intensity (n=7) compared with the @entity409 . On fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR images soft tissue elements of all @entity5 showed cystic regions of significantly high signal intensity interspersed with septumlike structures of low signal intensity. All lesions exhibited homogeneously (n=4) or heterogeneously (n=6) mild to moderate enhancement of soft tissue elements. Despite the relatively small number of @entity1 CT and MRI findings of @entity674 are a submucosal mass with soft tissue elements and cystic regions.

title: CT and MRI findings in KIT-weak or KIT-negative atypical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['atypical tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['atypical GIST', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: @entity4396 (GnRH) agonists are synthetic derivatives of the native decapeptide produced by the hypothalamus. These agents cause a reversible suppression of the synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the anterior pituitary gland. With GnRH agonist therapy, there is a resulting loss of endogenous ovarian gonadotropin stimulation and a severe hypo-estrogen state consistent with castrate levels of @entity172 . Recently, @entity1176 agonists such as @entity3086 and goserelin have been noted to be effective in treating mild to severe @entity46 . Side effects of these agents are consistent with the physiological effects of ovarian suppression, such as vasomotor instability, vaginal dryness, and @entity10 . However, despite some reports of @entity2777 as an adverse effect of GnRH agonists, it appears that the occasional, rather severe @entity146 consequences of these agents are underappreciated. In this article, we present the case reports of 4 @entity1 of reproductive age with no prior @entity146 history who were treated with a GnRH agonist for @entity46 . These @entity1 developed symptoms consistent with various @entity146 , including @entity4697 and @entity308 with and without @entity716 features. Three of these @entity1 were given sertraline while on GnRH agonist therapy, which improved their mood and @entity148 . @entity1 undergoing GnRH agonist therapy may provide a model with which to investigate @entity1316 during the perimenopausal stage of life.

title: @entity148 and XXXX associated with @entity4396 agonist therapy.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['Gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['emotional lability']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors report, for cautionary reasons, their trial with "minimal intervention management" for @entity6675 . After the successful innovative experience with this approach, which Bianchi and Dickson described, they utilized it in 4 consecutive @entity1 . METHODS: In the delivery room a plastic bag was placed over the intestines, which rested in a dependent position to reduce @entity4 . The stomach was decompressed and the @entity1 kept warm. Intravenous fluid at a maintenance rate was given. After about 5 hours an attempt at closure was undertaken in the newborn intensive care unit without anesthesia. An assistant lifted the anterior abdominal wall by applying upward traction on the umbilical cord. Over about 25 minutes the intestines were placed in the coelom, which was closed with a single suture. RESULTS: The outcome was uncomplicated in the first of 4 consecutive @entity1 . The second @entity1 had @entity8479 requiring a silo and subsequent resection and has chronic malabsorption 16 months later. The third had an enterocutaneous @entity292 at 5 weeks that required a small bowel resection. Bedside closure was abandoned in the final case because too much resistance was encountered. She underwent primary repair in the operating room and eventually died of @entity295 with @entity1944 . CONCLUSIONS: The "minimal intervention approach" can be effective in some @entity1 who have @entity6675 . This experience suggests that selection criteria are needed before this method can be recommended.

title: Unsatisfactory experience with 'minimal intervention management' for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['gastroschisis']


abstract: We developed a monoclonal antibody against HPLC purified @entity35 lens gamma L crystallins. This antibody was specific to both the polypeptides (19,000 and 21,000 daltons) which constituted the HPLC gamma L peak. Least reactivity was shown against gamma H (24,000 daltons). This antibody was used as a probe to detect the presence of and quantitate gamma L crystallins in lens soluble, insoluble and @entity1133 -insoluble fractions during @entity6 . Utilizing a direct binding immunoassay (ELISA) we calculated the absolute quantities of gamma L crystallins present in these fractions. Our results show, in normal animals there was a minimal change in total quantities of gamma L crystallins in soluble fraction from 1 month to 5 months of age, but a slow accumulation of these crystallins in insoluble and @entity1133 -insoluble fractions was seen during the same period. @entity6 resulted in a depletion of gamma L crystallins from the soluble fraction, both in terms of relative proportion and absolute quantities. In insoluble and @entity1133 -insoluble fractions the relative proportions of these crystallins were increased dramatically up until 60 days followed by a decrease during 90-120 days of @entity6 , whereas, the absolute quantities remained more or less steady after reaching the maximum on 60 days. Although the relative proportions of gamma L crystallins in the insoluble fraction seem to be less when compared to @entity1133 -insoluble fraction, the total quantity of these crystallins was much higher due to abundance of this fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The fate of gamma L crystallins in @entity35 lens during XXXX cataractogenesis as determined by a monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess urodynamic study results in @entity1 with @entity5 who had received radical hysterectomy or pelvic irradiation or radical hysterectomy with pelvic irradiation. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 with @entity5 after radical hysterectomy (group A), 11 @entity1 at stage IB or IIA after pelvic irradiation (group B), 15 @entity1 at stage IB or IIA after both radical hysterectomy and pelvic irradiation (group C) and 17 @entity1 at stage IB before treatment (group D) as control were recruited for urodynamic examination. The evaluations for each case included a 20-min pad test, uroflowmetry, both filling and voiding cystometry, and stress urethral pressure profile. ANOVA method with Bonferroni test and Pearson chi2-test were utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean ages in sequential groups A, B, C and D were 52.9 +/- 10.2, 62.5 +/- 13.5, 49.8 +/- 11.7 and 49.4 +/- 12.5 years (P = 0.02), respectively. The occurring frequency of either @entity1344 or @entity1494 was 57%, 45%, 80% and 24%, respectively. Each group revealed @entity1494 as 268.4 +/- 102.8, 164.1 +/- 62.9, 233.5 +/- 73.9 and 293.0 +/- 47.2 ml (P < 0.0001). However, the frequency of abdominal strain voiding was 100% in groups A, B and C as compared to 0% in group D (P < 0.01), and the frequency of abnormal residual urine (> 50 ml) was 41%, 27%, 40% and 24%. Although each case showed a poor pressure transmission ratio (< 100%), the frequency of positive pad test in each group was 81%, 46%, 100% and 18% (P < 0.001). The functional urethral length decreased in each group and was 2.6 +/- 0.8, 2.3 +/- 0.8, 2.5 +/- 0.8 and 2.9 +/- 0.6 cm, but there were no significant differences in maximal urethral pressure or urethral closure pressure among the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that abnormal urodynamic findings pre-exist in @entity1 with @entity5 before treatment especially in bladder storing function, and that these findings may worsen, or that new abnormal findings may happen after radical hysterectomy or pelvic irradiation, or both.

title: Abnormal urodynamic findings after radical hysterectomy or pelvic irradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IB cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['decreased bladder capacity', 'low bladder compliance']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor instability']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: From 1986 to 1992, seventeen @entity1 with recurrent intrapelvic @entity5 have been treated with intraoperative radiotherapy (IOR) in Saitama @entity5 Center. They were 8 males and 9 females. The age ranged 44 to 83 (mean:61.6). The primary organs involved were rectum in 7, urinary bladder in 5, uterine cervix in 3 and ovary in 2. Invasion of recurrent @entity66 was noted in all but one @entity1 . A total of 27 IORs were done on 18 occasions for 17 @entity1 . The mean radiation dose was 25.6 Gy (range: 12-30). The cones used were 4 to 7 (mean: 5.4) cm in diameter. Debulking surgery was performed in 13 @entity1 just before IOR. Chemotherapy and/or external radiotherapy were done in addition to IOR in most of the cases. As of May 1992, 14 @entity1 had died with a mean survival time of 10 months (range:0.5-29.8). IOR seems to be useful in controlling the intrapelvic recurrent disease and may warrant further investigation.

title: [Intraoperative radiotherapy for local recurrence of intrapelvic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease into bony pelvis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: Sera from 51 @entity43 @entity1 in clinical remission undergoing a second-look operation were studied. CA 125, @entity2355 , and 90K assays were performed in the week preceding surgery. Twenty-seven @entity1 (53%) had no evidence of disease; 3 (6%) and 21 (41%) had microscopic and macroscopic disease. All @entity1 but two with no evidence of disease had normal CA 125 serum levels, as did the three cases with @entity66 and 6 @entity1 with macroscopically detectable @entity5 . Of 17 @entity1 with high CA 125 values, 15 (88%) were found to have persistent disease. Hence, the sensitivity and specificity of a CA 125 assay were 62 and 93%, respectively. @entity2355 levels were low in all @entity1 with no evidence of disease, in 2 cases with @entity66 , and in 2 cases with @entity41 greater than 1 cm. All @entity1 with high @entity2355 titers had a positive second-look. The sensitivity and specificity of assay were 69 and 100%, respectively. With the 90K assay, 4 false-positive and 4 false-negative results were found and the sensitivity and specificity were 69 and 67%, respectively. However, 3 of 4 cases with a false-positive 90K assay had recurrence of disease with 7, 9, and 20 months later. Combination of the three markers increased sensitivity to 79%. These data suggest that more effective surveillance of disease status at second-look is obtained by using a combination of @entity5 marker assays.

title: Predictive value of multiple XXXX marker assays in second-look procedures for @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To give an overview of the current hypotheses of the pathogenesis of @entity4789 and group A streptococcal autoimmune sequelae of the heart valve and brain. RECENT FINDINGS: Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from @entity6331 have provided evidence for crossreactive autoantibodies that target the dominant group A streptococcal epitope of the group A @entity1735 , @entity3954 ( @entity4826 ), and heart valve endothelium, laminin and laminar basement membrane. T cells in peripheral blood and in rheumatic heart valves revealed the presence of T cells crossreactive with streptococcal M protein and @entity299 . For initiation of disease, evidence suggests a two-hit hypothesis for antibody attack on the valve endothelium with subsequent extravasation of T cells through activated endothelium into the valve to form @entity75 and Aschoff bodies. Autoantibodies against the group A streptococcal @entity1735 epitope @entity4826 and @entity299 and its peptides appear during progression of @entity6331 . However, autoantibodies against collagen that are not crossreactive may form because of the release of collagen from damaged valve or to responses to collagen bound in vitro by certain serotypes of streptococci. In Sydenham @entity4790 , @entity1 mAbs derived from disease target the group A @entity1735 epitope @entity4826 and @entity7746 and @entity935 receptors found on the surface of neuronal cells in the brain. @entity1 mAbs and autoantibodies in Sydenham @entity4790 were found to signal neuronal cells and activate @entity460 calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in neuronal cells and recognize the intracellular protein biomarker tubulin. SUMMARY: To summarize, pathogenic mechanisms of crossreactive autoantibodies which target the valve in @entity6331 and the neuronal cell in Sydenham @entity4790 share a common streptococcal epitope @entity4826 and target intracellular biomarkers of disease including @entity299 and tubulin, a protein abundant in the brain. However, intracellular antigens are not believed to be the basis for disease. The theme of molecular mimicry in streptococcal autoimmune sequelae is the recognition of targeted intracellular biomarker antigens such as @entity299 and brain tubulin, while targeting extracellular membrane antigens such as laminin on the valve surface endothelium or @entity54832 and @entity935 receptors in the brain. Antibody binding to these cell surface antigens may lead to @entity16 in @entity6331 or @entity146 and @entity2358 in Sydenham @entity4790 .

title: Streptococcus and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric behaviors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['valve damage']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myosin in the myocardium', 'cardiac myosin']

entities_list: @entity54832 :: ('CHEBI:61816', 'Chemical') :: ['lysoganglioside']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['rheumatic fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mathematical/computational models are needed to understand cell signaling networks, which are complex. Signaling proteins contain multiple functional components and multiple sites of post-translational modification. The multiplicity of components and sites of modification ensures that interactions among signaling proteins have the potential to generate myriad protein complexes and post-translational modification states. As a result, the number of chemical species that can be populated in a cell signaling network, and hence the number of equations in an ordinary differential equation model required to capture the dynamics of these species, is prohibitively large. To overcome this problem, the rule-based modeling approach has been developed for representing interactions within signaling networks efficiently and compactly through coarse-graining of the chemical kinetics of molecular interactions. RESULTS: Here, we provide a demonstration that the rule-based modeling approach can be used to specify and simulate a large model for @entity470 receptor signaling that accounts for site-specific details of protein-protein interactions. The model is considered large because it corresponds to a reaction network containing more reactions than can be practically enumerated. The model encompasses activation of @entity3963 and @entity584 , and it can be simulated using a network-free simulator, such as NFsim, to generate time courses of phosphorylation for 55 individual @entity563 , @entity1889 , and @entity669 residues. The model is annotated and visualized in the form of an extended contact map. CONCLUSIONS: With the development of software that implements novel computational methods for calculating the dynamics of large-scale rule-based representations of cellular signaling networks, it is now possible to build and analyze models that include a significant fraction of the protein interactions that comprise a signaling network, with incorporation of the site-specific details of the interactions. Modeling at this level of detail is important for understanding cellular signaling.

title: Specification, annotation, visualization and simulation of a large rule-based model for XXXX receptor signaling.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['ERBB']


abstract: Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in @entity1 with Grave's disease, @entity10972 , and @entity1375 was observed by assay of lymphocyte-mediated @entity137 (LMC) and leukocyte migration inhibition (LMC). Lymphocyte responsivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is normal in these disease. In the LMC assay, lymphocytes of @entity1 in each category responded to the antigens of thyroid homogenates, but not purified @entity1 thyroglobulin. @entity137 is least in @entity2743 and most obvious in @entity1375 . In the LMI assay, @entity1 lymphocytes responded to thyroid microsomal--mitochondrial antigens, but not to thyroid cell sap. Lymphocytes of @entity2743 @entity1 also responded to liver microsomal mitochondrial antigens. The particulate antigens lost activity when solubilized by ultrasonication or KCL extraction. There is no correlation between the PHA responsivity of lymphocytes and thyroid function, or between CMI and serum antithyroid antibodies or thyroid size. Treated and untreated @entity1 had similar evidence of CMI. These data indicate that function of thymus-derived lymphocyte in vitro is not disturbed in @entity1374 and that CMI against thyroid antigens can be demonstrated by assay of LMC and LMI. Insoluble particulate antigens appear more important than soluble antigens in CMI. LMC, resumably induced by soluble cytotoxic factor, "lymphotoxin," may play an important role in the progress of the @entity1669 to @entity1375 .

title: Insoluble particulate antigen(s) in cell-mediated immunity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['Graves disease']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity10972 :: ('MESH:C535842', 'Disease') :: ['chronic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['autommune thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are involved in the growth and differentiation of @entity521 cells. In all biological fluids, they are non-covalently bound to high-affinity binding proteins ( @entity36628 to -6) which modulate their bioavailability. We previously showed that @entity10252 expression is linked to the arrest of growth in @entity521 cells, whereas @entity10248 is associated with proliferation. PROCEDURE: To study the role of @entity10252 in cell growth, we stably IGR-N-91 @entity521 cells with a plasmid containing sequences coding for @entity10252 under the control of the cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) promoter. RESULTS: The incidence and size of @entity5 generated by injecting @entity10252 -expressing cells into @entity19 were reduced by factors of 2 and 5, respectively, as compared with those generated by injection by control cells. Northern blot analyses if xenografts revealed weaker expression of @entity10247 , type 2 IGF receptor and @entity10248 mRNAs in @entity10252 -expressing cthan in control xenografts. @entity10252 may therefore reduce the expression of @entity10247 (which induces @entity5 development) at a transcriptional level. Conversely, containing @entity10248 cDNA under the control of @entity2834 promoter grew three to four times as fast as normal control xenografts. Northern blot analyses revealed weaker expression of intact @entity10246 and @entity36628 in @entity10248 -expressing than in control xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity36628 and intact @entity10246 expression both enhance IGF bioavailability which promotes @entity5 growth. Although the mechanisms of action of @entity10248 and @entity10252 remain to be elucidated, an inverse relationship appears to exist between the two binding proteins, @entity10248 being involved in proliferation and @entity10252 in its arrest.

title: IGFBPs are involved in xenograft development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: In order to examine the actual condition of health problems of workers working at new special nursing homes for the aged, we conducted an interview survey with the managers and a questionnaire survey among the workers. Subjects of the interview survey were managers at the 7 nursing homes. Subjects of the questionnaire survey were 362 workers employed at the 7 nursing homes, 214 care workers (CWs) and 104 workers other than care workers (non-CWs); 299 questionnaires were returned. The response rate was 82.6%. We asked the managers "How many CWs are complaining of @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) and @entity158 at your nursing home?" One manager answered that 80% of CWs were complaining of @entity1643 , but other managers answered that a few but no more than 5 CWs were complaining of @entity1643 . On the other hand, the prevalence of @entity1643 among CWs by the questionnaire survey was high. The point prevalence of @entity1643 was 70.0%, the one month prevalence of @entity1643 was 81.6%, and the period prevalence of @entity1643 in present job was 88.6%. The managers had less interest in @entity158 than in @entity1643 . But more than 60% of CWs had complained of @entity158 in the previous 1 month. Seventy-three percent of CWs had not received any education about work-related @entity85 although about half of them had got some education or training to minimize the risk of injury in training school. Regarding female workers (77% of all CWs, 73% of all non-CWs), the percentages of current smokers and night shift workers were higher in CWs than in non-CWs with statistically significant differences. The percentages of workers working without work breaks and working overtime were higher in non-CWs than in CWs with statistically significant differences. For prevalence of @entity1643 among female CWs and female non-CWs, the workers having @entity1643 now, having had @entity1643 in present job, and having first experienced @entity1643 in present job were higher in CWs than in non-CWs with statistically significant differences. All nursing homes surveyed had provided no special health examination for @entity1643 . For managers to grasp the actual condition of @entity85 of workers working at the nursing homes for the aged, we recommend that care workers should have a special health examination for @entity1643 .

title: [The actual condition of @entity85 of workers working at new special nursing homes for the aged in Osaka Prefecture--comparison of XXXX between manager's awareness and care workers' complaints by questionnaire survey].

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity pain']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorder']


abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors (BMPRs) are thought to play an important role in bone morphogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the locations of @entity48141 , osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, also termed @entity21405 ), and BMP type II receptor ( @entity24535 ) during @entity35 @entity174 healing by immunostaining, and thereby elucidate the possible roles of the BMPs and @entity24535 in intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. In the early stage of @entity174 repair, the expression of @entity48141 and OP-1 was strongly induced in the thickened periosteum near the @entity174 ends, and coincided with an enhanced expression of @entity24535 . On day 7 after @entity174 , staining for @entity48141 and OP-1 immunostaining was increased in various types of chondrocytes, and was strong in fibroblast-like spindle cells and proliferating chondrocytes in endochondral bone. On day 14 after @entity174 , staining with OP-1 antibody disappeared in proliferating and mature chondrocytes, while @entity48141 staining continued in various types of chondrocytes until the late stage. In the newly formed trabecular bone, @entity48141 and OP-1 were present at various levels. @entity24535 was actively expressed in both intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. Additionally, immunostaining for @entity48141 and OP-1 was observed in multinucleated osteoclast-like cells on the newly formed trabecular bone, along with @entity24535 . In reference to our previous study of BMP type I receptors (BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB), @entity24535 was found to be co-localized with BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB. @entity48141 and OP-1 antibodies exhibited distinct and overlapping immunostaining patterns during @entity174 repair. OP-1 may act predominantly in the initial phase of endochondral ossification, while @entity48141 acts throughout this process. Thus, these findings suggested that BMPs acting through their BMP receptors may play major roles in modulating the sequential events leading to bone formation.

title: Distinct and overlapping patterns of localization of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family members and a BMP type II receptor during XXXX healing in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The combination of interferon ( @entity3027 ) and conventional chemotherapeutic agents offers a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity5 . However, there is as yet no consensus on optimal strategies for combining this family of compounds with other @entity5 therapies. While in vitro studies have demonstrated both direct cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects for @entity3027 , a more interesting role derives from its ability to synergistically potentiate the activity of a wide variety of cytotoxic agents against multiple @entity1 and rodent @entity5 , both in vitro and in animal models. The interaction between @entity3027 and cytotoxic agents in vitro is complex and depends not only on the choice of cytotoxic agent but also on the concentrations, ratios, duration, and sequence of exposure to the two drugs. Preliminary data suggest that some combinations are not merely additive but rather that @entity3027 may biochemically modulate the cellular uptake or metabolism of the cytotoxic agent resulting in synergistic antineoplastic activity. In vivo interactions between @entity3027 and cytotoxic agents involve an additional layer of complexity because of the potential effects of the biological agent on the host immune system and drug-metabolizing enzymes. Furthermore, @entity3027 may have a protective effect on normal host tissues which theoretically could allow for the delivery of higher doses of cytotoxic agents. The results of early clinical trials using combinations of @entity3027 with chemotherapeutic agents have generally been disappointing. This may be due to the inability of preclinical models to accurately predict the clinical situation or alternatively from a failure to incorporate information on dose, scheduling, and sequence of drug administration into clinical trials. Preliminary clinical studies with @entity3027 and the fluorinated @entity7391 , @entity1487 , in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 suggest that @entity3027 may enhance the effects of the antimetabolite. Confirmatory trials are in progress. Further trials designed to exploit the preclinical experience with combinations of @entity3027 and cytotoxic agents are warranted.

title: Antineoplastic activity of the combination of interferon and cytotoxic agents against experimental and XXXX @entity5 : a review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of liquid cytology in @entity975 smears in @entity1 with @entity717 ( @entity717 ) for endocervical cell yield and abnormalities, via speculum examination or blind technique. METHODS: We used retrospective chart review of gynecological visits by @entity1 with @entity717 from October 2002 to November 2005. Cervical cytology screening included speculum examination or blind technique. Endocervical cell yield was analyzed via Pearson's chi-square test. RESULTS: Of 240 attempted liquid cytology @entity975 smears, 199 (82.9%) were completed. Of these, 193 met inclusion criteria for the study, and 120 (62.2%) contained endocervical cells. The endocervical cell yield with liquid cytology/speculum was 80.0% and was 43.6% with liquid cytology/blind (p < 0.001). Two blind smears (1.0%) were abnormal; both revealed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) with subsequent negative @entity1082 ) typing. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical screening with liquid cytology in @entity1 with @entity717 provides an overall rate of endocervical cells of approximately 44%-80% depending on the technique used. Although this is much lower than in the general population, this compares favorably with slide @entity975 smear in @entity1 with @entity717 . The 44% yield of endocervical cells and the finding of abnormal @entity975 smears with the blind technique suggest this is a reasonable alternative for obtaining @entity975 smears in @entity1 with difficult pelvic examinations who otherwise would not receive cervical screening.

title: Cervical cancer screening with liquid cytology in XXXX with @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disabilities', 'DD']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Elevated circulating angiotensin (Ang) II levels, dietary @entity1372 , and sympathetic stimulation are recurrent themes of @entity101 research, but their in vivo interaction in physiologically meaningful doses has not been adequately investigated. In this study, the interaction of a subpressor dose of Ang II (50 ng. kg(-1). min(-1) SC), 2% @entity1219 diet, and sympathetic stimulation in the form of overnight cold exposure was investigated in the development of @entity101 and of structural vascular changes in male @entity35 . There were 8 experimental groups: sham operation and treatment (control), Ang II, 2% @entity1219 diet, cold exposure (5 degrees C), Ang II plus 2% @entity1219 diet, Ang II plus cold exposure, cold exposure plus 2% @entity1219 diet, and Ang II plus 2% @entity1219 diet plus cold exposure (triple treatment). For each group, the duration of treatment was 12 weeks. Morphometric measurements of maximally dilated, in situ fixed, second-order (250 to 320 microm OD), intermediate-size (100 to 150 microm OD), and small (50 to 100 microm OD) mesenteric arteries were performed, and wall-to-lumen ratios (W/L) were calculated. During the 12-week study, the blood pressure (BP) load (the area under the systolic BP curve) of @entity35 receiving the combined treatment of Ang II and 2% @entity1219 diet was increased (P:<0.05), and that of @entity35 receiving the combined treatment of cold exposure and 2% @entity1219 diet was decreased (P:<0.05); there were no BP changes in the remaining groups of @entity35 . The most pronounced changes among groups occurred in W/L of small resistance arteries. The W/L of small arteries increased in Ang II-treated (P:<0.01) and in cold-stressed @entity35 (P:<0.01). The effect of Ang II was potentiated by the addition of a 2% @entity1219 diet. In contrast, the addition of 2% @entity1219 diet to cold stress reduced the W/L of small arteries (P:<0.01). No other positive or negative synergism occurred among groups, including the @entity35 receiving triple treatment. The findings confirm the potentiation of the hypertensinogenic and vascular trophic effects of Ang II by a high- @entity1372 diet but do not provide evidence for synergism between Ang II and sympathetic stimulation. The finding of @entity551 and reduced W/L of small resistance arteries in @entity35 receiving the combined treatment of cold stress and high- @entity1372 diet is unique because there are few known nonpharmacological vascular "hypotrophic" stimuli. The ultimate test of the hypertensinogenic potential of pressor stimuli alone or in combination is their long-term administration in physiologically meaningful doses to experimental animals.

title: Structural vascular changes in XXXX : role of angiotensin II, dietary @entity1372 supplementation, and sympathetic stimulation, alone and in combination in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 200 consecutive @entity1 undergoing endoscopy of the upper alimentary tract. One hundred @entity1 received supplementary @entity26 at 4 liters/minute through nasal cannulae, while 100 @entity1 received no additional @entity26 . Within each of these two groups, 50 @entity1 were sedated with @entity1363 and 50 @entity1 with @entity3175 suspension ("Diazemuls"). The @entity1 ' weights were recorded and correlated with their height to assess whether they were over or under their ideal weight. @entity26 saturation was recorded at baseline and throughout the endoscopic procedure. The principal finding of this study was that @entity519 ( @entity26 saturation less than 93%) was prevented in all cases by the administration of 4 liters/minute of @entity26 , whereas 48 of the 100 @entity1 who did not receive @entity26 exhibited falls in @entity26 saturation to less than 93% (p < 0.0001). Those with the highest risk were the @entity28 @entity1 (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two sedative drug groups in either frequency or severity of associated @entity519 (p = 0.77, @entity1 not given @entity26 ; p = 0.31, @entity1 receiving @entity26 ). The cost of administering @entity26 during upper @entity344 would be an average of 95 pence ( 1.60) per @entity1 . In conclusion, the administration of @entity26 during endoscopy is a worthwhile prophylactic measure to prevent @entity519 and its potential adverse effects.

title: The administration of supplementary @entity26 to prevent XXXX during upper alimentary endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Pelvic floor rehabilitation is used to treat stress @entity322 , urge, and @entity1241 as well as other @entity3087 . When treating @entity1 , it is important to thoroughly assess the pelvic floor. In addition to evaluating the urinary system, @entity458 must also be considered. Treatment plans should be devised on an individual basis according to the evaluation findings. Rehabilitation goals should be established. The @entity1 must understand the function of her urinary system and the role she must play in its control. Muscle retraining is achieved through a personalized exercise program. This program may be augmented by manual techniques, biofeedback or electrical stimulation. While the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) does endorse the use of behavioral modalities in treating @entity322 , the use of bladder retraining and pelvic floor rehabilitation is not always recommended when indicated, nor accessible for all @entity1 who require it. More research is needed, in addition to ongoing public and professional education on behavioral interventions in order to underline the advantages of this form of treatment for @entity322 .

title: Pelvic floor rehabilitation: conservative treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor musculature disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and bowel functions']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity51869 ( @entity51869 ) is assumed to behave as an anti-aging factor. Recently, we have demonstrated that deficiency of @entity51869 exacerbates angiotensin II-induced @entity1283 , @entity409 and remodeling, suggesting that @entity51869 may have a protective role in the heart. Thus, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that up-regulation of @entity51869 inhibits @entity299 in response to angiotensin II. METHODS: We generated @entity19 with cardiac-specific overexpression of @entity51869 gene using a-myosin heavy chain promoter. @entity19 and wild-type littermate @entity19 were subjected to continuous angiotensin II infusion (800 ng/kg/min). RESULTS: After 14 days, heart weight and left ventricular weight were lower in @entity19 than in wild-type @entity19 , although blood pressure was similarly elevated during angiotensin II infusion. @entity1283 and @entity67 in response to angiotensin II were prevented in @entity19 compared with wild-type @entity19 . The degree of cardiac @entity82 by angiotensin II was lower in @entity19 than in wild-type @entity19 . @entity11502 -induced generation of @entity224 and subsequent cellular senescence were attenuated in transgenic @entity19 hearts compared with wild-type @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac-specific overexpression of @entity51869 inhibited angiotensin II-induced @entity299 . @entity51869 has a cardio-protective role with anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects and could be a novel therapeutic target to prevent @entity1283 and remodeling due to @entity101 .

title: @entity51869 inhibits angiotensin II-induced @entity1283 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac adverse remodeling']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin II']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Immunosuppression associated with blood transfusion may influence @entity86 rates. It may also affect the prognosis of @entity1 treated surgically for @entity14 . To control this effect, study protocols have applied autologous blood donation programs, which are thought to be immunologically neutral. However, evidence has emerged that blood donation itself might have suppressive effects on natural killer (NK) cell activities. At present, there are no data available on the effects of autologous blood transfusion on NK or lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. This might be of interest as LAK cells may be active in @entity5 control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for @entity14 , were assigned at random into two groups: (1) autologous blood donation and transfusion, or (2) allogeneic blood transfusion. NK and LAK activities were determined before blood donation, at surgery, and on the 3rd and 8th postoperative day. RESULTS: Blood donation induced a small decrease in NK and LAK activities. The postoperative courses of the two groups differed. In the allogeneic group, NK activity (-50%, p = 0.018) and LAK activity decreased (-60.7%, p = 0.043), whereas in the autologous group the decline in LAK was less pronounced (-33.7%, p = 0.091), and their NK activity even increased (+17.4%, p = 0.315). NK activity was modulated differently in the two study groups (0.0036). Differences in LAK activities were found between the 3rd and 8th day postoperatively (p = 0.354). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 receiving autologous blood transfusion, postoperative suppressed NK and LAK activities were modulated. This implies that autologous blood transfusion is not immunologically neutral, but has an intrinsic immunomodulatory potential.

title: Influence of autologous blood transfusion on natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell activities in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ) of @entity0 @entity1 who survived 2 to 5 years following initiation of adjuvant cytotoxic and/or hormonal therapy and to characterize relationships between @entity7027 and @entity1 physical symptoms, sexual function, and preferences regarding adjuvant treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 who had completed systemic adjuvant therapy for @entity0 between 1988 and 1991 were surveyed by written questionnaire and telephone interview. Sociodemographic information was obtained for each @entity1 , and @entity1 were asked to complete the Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC), the Symptom Distress Scale ( @entity214 ), the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short Form 36 (SF-36), a series of questions regarding sexual function, and a survey about preferences for adjuvant therapy in relation to possible benefit. RESULTS: The mean FLIC score among all @entity1 was 138.3 (+/- 12.2), which suggests a high level of @entity7027 . The reported frequency of moderate to severe symptoms was generally low (ie, < 15%), with @entity1295 (31.4%), @entity22 (23.3%), and local numbness at the site of surgery (22.1%) occurring with greatest frequency. @entity1 reported a wide range of @entity458 . Preference assessment showed that more than 65% of @entity1 were willing to undergo 6 months of chemotherapy for a 5% increase in likelihood of @entity5 cure. CONCLUSION: Self-rated @entity7027 in @entity0 @entity1 2 to 5 years following adjuvant therapy was generally favorable. Less than one third of @entity1 reported moderate to severe symptoms. Selected aspects of sexual function appeared to be compromised. The majority of @entity1 indicated a willingness to accept 6 months of chemotherapy for small to modest potential benefit.

title: Quality of life and preferences for treatment following systemic adjuvant therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['quality of life', 'QOL']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual difficulties']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: Local delivery of growth factors (GFs) can accelerate regeneration of injured tissue, but for many medical applications, injectable GF delivery systems are required for clinical success. Viscoelastic, injectable aggregates of micrometer-sized hydrogel particles made of multiarmed @entity968 (star @entity970 ) and heparin were prepared and tested for site-specific paracrine stimulation of tissue regeneration. Heparin was used as it binds, protects and releases numerous GFs. Hydrogel based delivery of @entity10245 ( @entity10245 ) and @entity19 @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ) was monitored utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). @entity10245 was released slowly because of its high affinity to the heparin while the significantly higher release of the non-specific binding @entity6354 was controlled by diffusion only. To investigate GF delivery in vivo, a hydrogel loaded with @entity19 @entity6354 or @entity10245 was injected subcapsularly into the left kidney of @entity19 with experimental @entity810 caused by @entity653 induced @entity5925 . Visual examination confirmed sustained stability of the injected gel aggregates during the timescale of the experiment. The number of proliferating kidney tubular epithelial cells was quantified both in the injected kidney and the non-injected contralateral kidney. @entity10245 delivery from hydrogels induced a significant increase in cell proliferation in the injected kidney, although small effects were also seen in the non-injected kidney due to a systemic effect. @entity6354 delivery strongly increased cell proliferation for both kidneys, but also showed a local effect on the injected kidney. The hydrogel without loaded GFs was used as a control and showed no increase in cell proliferation. Our results suggest that this novel starPEG-heparin hydrogel system can be an effective approach to deliver GFs locally.

title: Growth factor delivery from hydrogel particle aggregates to promote tubular regeneration after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10245 :: ('14173(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: A 24-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed as having mixed-type thymoma by preoperative percutaneous needle biopsy. A chest computed tomogram showed a @entity5 measuring 12x9 cm. Selective intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy was first selected because invasion to the superior vena cava was suspected. Bolus injection of 50 mg/m2 @entity900 and 20 mg/m2 @entity632 was performed once into the right internal thoracic artery. The resulting decrease in @entity5 size was 81%. Neither complications due to the infusion procedure nor side effects due to the anticancer drugs were encountered. An extended thymectomy with partial resection of the mediastinal pleura was safely performed. The histological diagnosis of the resected @entity5 was @entity8792 . The @entity1 was transferred to a radiologist for additional radiotherapy. Selective intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for @entity3 is an effective therapy, producing no significant side effects and allowing safe resection.

title: Preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity8792 :: ('MESH:D013952', 'Disease') :: ['thymic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive thymoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive thymoma']


abstract: The @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) antioxidant system is foremost among the cellular protective mechanisms. Depletion of this small molecule is a common consequence of increased formation of reactive @entity26 species during increased cellular activities. This phenomenon can occur in the lymphocytes during the development of the immune response and in the muscular cells during strenuous exercise. It is not surprising that so much research has been done, and is still being done on this small tripeptide molecule. Whey protein concentrate has been shown to represent an effective and safe @entity462 donor for @entity2197 replenishment during @entity2197 depletion in @entity3230 states. @entity462 is the crucial limiting @entity535 for intracellular @entity2197 synthesis. Animal experiments showed that the concentrates of whey proteins also exhibit anti- @entity105 and anticancer activity. They do this via their effect on increasing @entity2197 concentration in relevant tissues, and may have anti- @entity5 effect on low volume of @entity5 via stimulation of immunity through the @entity2197 pathway. It is considered that @entity26 radical generation is frequently a critical step in @entity105 , hence the effect of @entity2197 on free radicals as well as @entity10518 , could be important in inhibiting @entity105 induced by a number of different mechanisms. Case reports are presented which strongly suggest an anti- @entity5 effect of a whey protein dietary supplement in some @entity5464 . This non toxic dietary intervention, which is not based on the principles of current @entity5 chemotherapy, will hopefully attract the attention of laboratory and clinical oncologists.

title: Whey protein concentrate (WPC) and XXXX modulation in @entity5 treatment.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine', 'Cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity10518 :: ('MESH:C565043', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogen detoxification']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity5464 :: ('MESH:D014565', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital cancers']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness of a single one-hour consultation by a clinical nurse specialist in @entity1 with @entity571 during daily rheumatology practice in secondary care. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 diagnosed by rheumatologists to have @entity571 and referred to the clinical nurse specialist were eligible for entry into this study. The standardized 1-hour consultation consisted of assessments and education on @entity571 by a clinical nurse specialist. Before and 3 months after the consultation, assessments were done to evaluate treatment (use of assistive devices, @entity1443 ), health-related quality of life (physical component summary [PCS] score of Short-Form 36), and hand @entity158 /function (Australian/ Canadian @entity571 Index [AUSCAN]). Paired t-tests and McNemar tests were used to analyze differences between baseline and follow-up. Satisfaction was measured after consultation at follow-up using a multidimensional questionnaire comprising 13 items (rated on a four-point scale). RESULTS: A total of 439 @entity1 were referred, with follow-up data available for 195 @entity1 , comprising 177 (87%) females, and of mean age 59    9.0 years. After consultation, the proportions of @entity1 using assistive devices and/or @entity1443 increased significantly from 30% to 39% and from 35% to 49%, respectively. PCS improved significantly (P = 0.03) whereas AUSCAN hand @entity158 /function showed no significant differences compared with baseline (P values 0.52 and 0.92, respectively). The proportions of @entity1 reporting to be satisfied or fully satisfied ranged from 78% to 99% per item. CONCLUSION: A single, comprehensive, standardized assessment and education by a clinical nurse specialist improved the physical dimension of health-related quality of life in @entity571 . Most @entity1 were satisfied with the consultation. Further controlled trials are needed to determine the added value of the clinical nurse specialist in care for @entity571 .

title: Role of rheumatology clinical nurse specialists in optimizing management of XXXX during daily practice in secondary care: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['hand osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis Hand', 'primary hand osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['hand osteoarthritis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Transient @entity1746 during the operative management of a 16-year-old @entity1 with @entity8322 secondary to @entity850 is reported. OBJECTIVE: To describe a treatable cause for @entity1746 in a @entity1 with @entity8322 undergoing surgical treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1566 in the surgical treatment of @entity8322 is a rare event, yet it is felt to be more common in the surgical correction of @entity1513 than in surgery for scoliosis. Suggested etiologies have included @entity5327 , @entity551 , direct mechanical @entity130 , and neural element stretch. Concomitant @entity612 predisposing to @entity16 during surgical manipulation has not been reported. METHODS: A 16-year-old @entity1 with progressive @entity8322 measuring 80 degrees from T7 to T12 underwent an anteroposterior spinal fusion with somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring and wake-up tests. During the instrumentation posteriorly, somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring became markedly abnormal. This was followed by a wake-up test that demonstrated the @entity1 's inability to move either of his lower extremities. All instrumentation was removed. The @entity1 had recovered neurologic function by the time he reached the recovery room. A computed tomography myelogram was performed on the third postoperative day, which demonstrated severe @entity850 from T8 to T10. The @entity1 was returned to the operating room 1 week later to undergo a posterior laminectomy from T7 to T11 and instrumented fusion from T5 to L2. Somatosensory-evoked potential monitoring was stable throughout this procedure, and the wake-up test was normal. RESULTS: The @entity1 's postoperative course and subsequent 2-year follow-up period were unremarkable. He progressed to clinical and radiographic union and maintained a normal lower extremity neurologic examination. CONCLUSIONS: A treatable cause for @entity1746 secondary to the surgical treatment of @entity8322 is presented. The author currently obtains a @entity1514 magnetic resonance image (MRI) before the surgical correction of any @entity1 with @entity8322 .

title: Transient @entity1746 : a complication of the surgical management of @entity8322 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ["Scheuermann's kyphosis"]

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Cord injury']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['thoracic stenosis']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of @entity1090 have previously been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials in hospitalized chronic @entity161 @entity1 who met strict research criteria. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1090 in a heterogeneous @entity1 population. @entity1 were enrolled in the study if they had a diagnosis of @entity161 ( @entity6013 ) with or without acute exacerbation. Of the 945 @entity1 from 158 @entity146 centers who entered this phase IV study, 558 completed the 10-week trial. During week 1, the dose of @entity1090 was titrated to 6 mg/day, maintained there for 1 week, and then adjusted over a 4-week period as clinically necessary; the dose was then fixed for the final 4-week period. The mean dose of @entity1090 at endpoint was 5.9 mg/day. @entity1 were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 2, 6, and 10, using Clinical Global Impression scale, Psychotic Symptoms Assessment scale, and Global Assessment of Functioning scale. Significant improvement in mean scores was found on each of these measures at endpoint. Comparable results were obtained at week 10 in treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant @entity1 . @entity1090 was generally well tolerated and the severity of @entity21 was significantly reduced at endpoint.

title: A clinical evaluation of @entity1090 in the treatment of XXXX : a 10-week, open-label, multicenter trial. ARCS Study Group. Assessment of Risperdal in a Clinical Setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity453 is an extremely rare cause of @entity583 . It has been reported mainly in young @entity1 during or after pregnancy. The prognosis and treatment of coronary dissection are not clear. We report three cases of spontaneous @entity453 in young @entity1 . One of them was pregnant and one was 2 weeks after delivery. The dissection involved the @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ) in two cases and the left main coronary artery in one case. There was no evidence of @entity731 on angiography or intracoronary ultrasound in any of the @entity1 . Two of the @entity1 were treated by stent implantation with excellent results. This is the first known report of successful coronary stenting of spontaneous @entity453 . The pregnant @entity1 was not a candidate for stent implantation and underwent implantation of the left internal mammary to the @entity6128 without cardiopulmonary bypass. She completed her pregnancy uneventfully.

title: Treatment of spontaneous XXXX : report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior descending artery', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery dissection']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery dissection']


abstract: Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily, blocks interleukin (IL)-6 biological functions. The molecular basis of the influence of this TGFbeta signaling on the @entity650 receptor triggered cascade is unknown. We studied @entity650 -induced secretion of the acute phase protein @entity2104 by @entity157 cells. Overexpression of the @entity9322 gene, a downstream effector in the @entity650 pathway, activated transcription from the @entity2104 promoter. This was abolished by either a constitutively active form of activin A type IB receptor (CAactRIB) or by a combination of @entity7379 and @entity1594 . Similarly, Smads abolished transcriptional activation by co-stimulation with @entity650 and @entity4104 . The transcription co-activator @entity3493 partially overcame the suppressive effect of Smads. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that @entity9322 binding to @entity2104 promoter DNA was reduced by over-expression of CAactRIB and @entity1594 . We thus show that Smad proteins operate as transcription inhibitors on target genes of the @entity650 induced pathway. The effect of Smads is exerted on components of the transcription activation complex and may also involve interference with DNA binding. This study thus depicts molecular sites of interaction between the TGFbeta superfamily and the @entity650 signaling cascades.

title: Smad proteins suppress CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ( @entity9322 and XXXX -mediated transcriptional activation of the @entity2104 promoter.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity4104 :: (6774,Gene) :: ['STAT3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the overutilization of indwelling urinary catheters in the emergency department on the development of nosocomial @entity293 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: 638-bed tertiary-care hospital. @entity1 : 118 consecutive medical and surgical admissions from the emergency department collected over 3 weeks. INTERVENTION: Catheterized @entity1 were assessed. The completeness of documentation relating to catheter insertion and two outcomes were measured: asymptomatic @entity293 . RESULTS: 24 (20.3%) had catheters inserted, of whom 12 (50%) were catheterized for justifiable indications. Positive urine cultures were found in 10 of the catheterized @entity1 (42%), 5 of whom fulfilled the definition for catheter-associated @entity293 . Three of the five @entity281 occurred in @entity1 for whom catheterization was not justifiable. An order was written for catheter insertion in 62.5% of charts, while the rationale for catheterization was documented in 16.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Many nosocomial urinary tract @entity281 are due to the inappropriate placement of indwelling urinary catheters in the emergency department. The prevention of these @entity281 should begin with restricting catheterization to those @entity1 for whom it is appropriate.

title: Overutilization of indwelling urinary catheters and the development of nosocomial urinary tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'bacteriuria and urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic benefit of multivisceral resection (MVR) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity14 . METHODS: The study population was composed of 118 @entity1 whose resection of the @entity75 included one or more adhesed adjacent secondary organs or structures (ASOS). @entity5 were staged as B3 (T4,N0) and as C3 (T4,N1-3). Adhesions were classified as invasive (B3+,C3+) or inflammatory (B3-, C3-). RESULTS: Sixty-four @entity1 were staged B3 and 54 C3. Eighty-one were classified B3+/C3+. Fifty-nine percent of @entity1 had ASOS resected, 29% had two resected, and the remaining 12% had three or four resected. Actuarial 5-year survival rates were 62% and 38% (p = 0.017) for @entity21899 lesions, respectively. The 5-year survival rates were 78% for @entity1 with @entity5 and 58% for those with B3+ @entity5 (p = 0.043), and 34% for @entity1 with C3+ @entity5 and 64% for those with @entity5 (p = NS). The 5-year survival rates were 71% for @entity1 with B3-/ @entity5 and 47% for those with B3+/C3+ @entity5 (p = NS). The 5-year survival rates after resection of one ASOS, two ASOS, and three or four ASOS were 52%, 55%, and 38%, respectively (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: There is no statistically significant difference in the 5-year survival rates when multiple ASOS are resected; therefore, an aggressive surgical approach is warranted.

title: Extended resection for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors', 'C3- tumors', 'B3- tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: We report 3 cases of primary transitional cell @entity150 presenting during pregnancy. Only 10 such cases have been reported in the literature. @entity1 age ranged from 23 to 24 years at 15 to 24 weeks of gestation. Only 1 of the 3 @entity1 presented with gross @entity811 and this was initially mistaken as @entity3556 . Initial diagnosis in all cases was made with sonography. Diagnosis then was easily confirmed by cystoscopy and treatment was uneventful. Transurethral resection did not present a problem. All @entity1 had single papillary superficial @entity5 (stage Ta, grades 1 and 2). Pregnancy was not affected in any case. Diagnosis and prompt treatment are emphasized.

title: Primary XXXX presenting during pregnancy in 3 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Bacteriochlorophyll-a (BChl-a) was incorporated into nanoparticles of @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ), in order to evaluate this photosensitizer when associated with this specific @entity262 ( @entity262 ) to analyze its physical and spectral properties. BACKGROUND DATA: It has been suggested in the literature that BChl-a is a potential sensitizer in photodynamic @entity5 therapy and until now has only been investigated in organic media. METHODS: Nanoparticles loaded with the photosensitizer BChl-a were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique. Parameters such as particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency, external morphology, and in vitro release behavior were evaluated. The photophysical properties (absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence quantum yields, and singlet @entity26 quantum yields) of BChl-a, were investigated in @entity8336 and when encapsulated in nanoparticles. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering revealed that particles loaded with BChl-a are spherical in shape, and they have a diameter of 660 nm and a low tendency to aggregate. The encapsulation efficiency obtained in this procedure was 69%. Spectroscopic analysis showed an absorption band centered at 782 nm in nanoparticles used as a @entity262 . Fluorescence quantum yield (phi(F) = 0.19) and higher efficiency in singlet @entity26 production (Phi(Delta) = 0.26) was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that this @entity262 is potentially useful for the delivery and release of BChl-a as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) protocols due to its excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and maintenance of its spectroscopic properties when compared with other dyes in homogenous media. The biocompatible @entity262 medium is a new proposal and will make feasible the use of BChl-a as a dye for PDT, improving the utilization of non-organic media to deliver this kind of molecule.

title: Characterization of biodegradable XXXX nanoparticles loaded with bacteriochlorophyll-a for photodynamic therapy.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['drug delivery system', 'DDS']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)']

answer: @entity7050 :: (MESH:C043435,Chemical) :: ['poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)']