abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperglycaemia is associated with increased risk of @entity65 in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . We investigated whether reduction of blood @entity413 concentration decreases the rate of microvascular complications in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 . METHODS: ACCORD was a parallel-group, randomised trial done in 77 clinical sites in North America. @entity1 with @entity6 , high HbA(1c) concentrations (>7.5%), and @entity65 (or >or=2 cardiovascular risk factors) were randomly assigned by central randomisation to intensive (target haemoglobin A(1c) [HbA(1c)] of <6.0%) or standard (7.0-7.9%) glycaemic therapy. In this analysis, the prespecified composite outcomes were: dialysis or renal transplantation, high serum @entity1011 (>291.7 micromol/L), or retinal photocoagulation or vitrectomy (first composite outcome); or @entity1897 plus the first composite outcome (second composite outcome). 13 prespecified secondary measures of kidney, eye, and peripheral nerve function were also assessed. Investigators and @entity1 were aware of treatment group assignment. Analysis was done for all @entity1 who were assessed for microvascular outcomes, on the basis of treatment assignment, irrespective of treatments received or compliance to therapies. ACCORD is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00000620. FINDINGS: 10 251 @entity1 were randomly assigned, 5128 to the intensive glycaemia control group and 5123 to standard group. Intensive therapy was stopped before study end because of higher mortality in that group, and @entity1 were transitioned to standard therapy. At transition, the first composite outcome was recorded in 443 of 5107 @entity1 in the intensive group versus 444 of 5108 in the standard group (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.88-1.14; p=1.00), and the second composite outcome was noted in 1591 of 5107 versus 1659 of 5108 (0.96, 0.89-1.02; p=0.19). Results were similar at study end (first composite outcome 556 of 5119 vs 586 of 5115 [HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.85-1.07, p=0.42]; and second 1956 of 5119 vs 2046 of 5115, respectively [0.95, 0.89-1.01, p=0.12]). Intensive therapy did not reduce the risk of advanced measures of microvascular outcomes, but delayed the onset of @entity633 and some @entity2194 and @entity16 . Seven secondary measures at study end favoured intensive therapy (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Microvascular benefits of intensive therapy should be weighed against the increase in total and @entity65 -related mortality, increased @entity1017 , and high risk for severe hypoglycaemia. FUNDING: US National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of @entity6 and Digestive and @entity8 ; National Institute on Aging; National Eye Institute; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and General Clinical Research Centers.

title: Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 XXXX : an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['measures of eye complications']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In efforts to assess baroreflex and cardiovascular responses in @entity35 in which substance @entity10133 ) or catecholamine transmission had been eliminated we studied animals after bilateral injections into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of SP or stabilized SP (SSP) conjugated to saporin (SP-SAP or SSP-SAP respectively) or SAP conjugated to an antibody to dopamine-b-hydroxylase (anti-DBH-SAP). We found that SP- and SSP-SAP eliminated NTS neurons that expressed the SP neurokinin-1 receptor ( @entity16325 ) while anti-DBH-SAP eliminated NTS neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DBH. The toxins were selective. Thus SP- or SSP-SAP did not eliminate TH/DBH neurons and anti-DBH-SAP did not eliminate @entity16325 neurons in the NTS. Each toxin, however, led to chronic lability of arterial blood pressure, diminished baroreflex function, @entity299 , coagulation @entity39 of cardiac myocytes and, in some animals, @entity944 associated with @entity1167 . However, when TH/DBH neurons were targeted and eliminated by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), none of the cardiovascular or cardiac changes occurred. The studies reviewed here reveal that selective lesions of the NTS lead to altered baroreflex control and to cardiac changes that may lead to @entity944 . Though the findings could support a role for SP or catecholamines in baroreflex transmission neither is proven in that @entity16325 colocalizes with glutamate receptors. Thus neurons with both are lost when treated with SP- or SSP-SAP. In addition, loss of catecholamine neurons after treatment with 6-OHDA does not affect cardiovascular control. Thus, the effect of the toxins may depend on an action of SAP independent of the effects of the SAP conjugates on targeted neuronal types.

title: @entity944 following selective neuronal lesions in the XXXX nucleus tractus solitarii.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ventricular irritability']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The study comprised two cases (male _ female sibs) from one family, with @entity24901 . They were subjected to clinical evaluation, pedigree construction, @entity414 estimation in blood, urates in urine, metabolic screening of blood and urine for @entity1522 , examination of oral cavity, histological studies of the gingiva by light and electron microscopy as well as buccal smear for Barr _ Y bodies (for the female). The proband, a six years old female presented with self-mutilation, @entity1032 , @entity2915 and @entity146 . She had bitten her index finger causing amputation of its distal phalanx. On family study her younger brother (9 months) was found to have increased @entity414 and less severe @entity16 . The serum @entity414 level of the affected female was higher. Her Barr body showed normal pattern. Oral cavity examination showed no abnormalities. Histological examination of the gingiva showed macrophages around the blood vessels. Ultrastructural studies showed more or less normal epithelium. There was collection of macrophages around the blood vessels in the sub-epithelial layer, the cytoplasm of these macrophages contained stippled cytoplasmic inclusions. The surrounding connective tissue showed thin collagen fibers with sharp delineation between the epithelial and connective tissue layers indicating poor quality of collagen. There was no histological difference between the hemizygous male and the heterozygous female. The present study indicates heterozygous expression of @entity24901 at both the clinical and the ultrastructural levels in favour of extreme lyonization or X-chromosome deletion in the affected female. Our findings also indicate that ultrastructural studies could be sensitive indicators of abnormal @entity414 metabolism. Further studies are needed to compare the phenotypic expression of hemizygotes and heterozygotes with @entity24901 at both the clinical and ultrastructural levels.

title: Heterozygous expression of XXXX clinical and ultrastructural studies.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic involvement']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity24901 :: ('MESH:D007926', 'Disease') :: ['Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity24901 :: (MESH:D007926,Disease) :: ['Lesch-Nyhan syndrome']


abstract: In order to analyse the role of the anterior @entity2339 in the regulation of the sleep-waking cycle we made bilateral @entity528 at different levels of the anterior @entity2339 in @entity468 , by means of microinjections of a cell-specific neurotoxin: @entity4326 . These lesions resulted in severe @entity22 in eight @entity468 . This @entity22 was characterized by a large decrease or even disappearance of @entity25 and deep @entity25 and, to a lesser extent, by a decrease of light @entity25 , for 2-3 weeks. In the other five animals, we observed a large reduction of deep @entity25 (0-40% of control level), but a less intensive decrease of time spent in @entity25 (50-75% of control level) and no marked effect on light @entity25 . During the first 3-6 postoperative days we also noticed @entity221 in all @entity468 ; thereafter, the animals presented only a slight increase in brain temperature which did not appear to trigger the @entity25 . Histological analysis of the different lesions revealed that the @entity22 could be attributed to neuronal cell body destruction in the mediobasal part of the anterior @entity2339 covering; the medial preoptic area and a narrow portion of the lateral preoptic area as well as a restricted part of the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. In order to investigate the putative role of the posterior hypothalamic structures in the mechanism of @entity22 after lesion of the mediobasal preoptic area neurons we injected an agonist of @entity1246 into the ventrolateral part of the posterior @entity2339 to locally depress the neuronal activity. The bilateral intracerebral microinjection of @entity6341 (0.5-5 micrograms) induced a transient intensive @entity2147 ( @entity25 and @entity25 ). These findings indicate that neuronal cell loss in the mediobasal preoptic area induced a long lasting @entity22 . Thus, it may be hypothesized that the integrity of this structure is necessary for sleep appearance. Finally, our data are in keeping with an intrahypothalamic regulation of the sleep-waking cycle.

title: Long-lasting XXXX induced by preoptic neuron lesions and its transient reversal by @entity6341 injection into the posterior @entity2339 in the cat.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical sleep', 'slow wave sleep', 'sleep impairment']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity4326 :: ('MESH:D007051', 'Chemical') :: ['ibotenic acid']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal lesions']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rituximab is being used successfully in the treatment of @entity1 with chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. The success of treatment by rituximab is influenced, among other factors, by the antigen density on @entity5 cells. Therefore, the authors analyzed and compared the densities of the @entity2225 antigen in @entity1 with @entity1071 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Previously untreated @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ), and @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) were evaluated by flow cytometry. The control group consisted of blood donors. The @entity2225 density was measured on @entity5 cell populations in @entity1 and on the B-lymphocytes of the control group. The density was expressed in MESE In the @entity1 with @entity1072 and @entity1072 , the @entity2225 density was low (25,300 vs. 36,100 MESF) and it was significantly lower than in donors (172,800 MESF; p<0.001). The difference between @entity1072 and @entity1072 @entity1 was not statistically significant. The density in @entity1073 @entity1 (196,300 MESF) was comparable to that of donors. CONCLUSIONS: We did not prove statistical different density of @entity2225 antigen in @entity1 with @entity1072 when compared with @entity1072 @entity1 . High density in @entity1073 @entity1 may be helpful in differential diagnosis against @entity1072 and

title: [Density expression of the XXXX antigen on population of @entity5 cells in @entity1 with chronic B-lymphocyte lymphoproliferative diseases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphoproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lymphocytic lymphoma', 'SCLL', 'B-CLL', 'B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle-cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

answer: @entity2225 :: (54474,Gene) :: ['CD20']


abstract: Balloon angioplasty of the @entity1498 can result in intimal or medial or even adventitial dissections as demonstrated by in vitro studies and animal experiments. As a typical sign of stretching of the aortic wall, @entity1 complain of @entity158 during the angioplasty procedure. In the literature, aortic wall rupture and @entity2224 during the procedure are reported. Additional sudden deaths can occur within 40 hours after the procedure. Mortality ranges from 0.1% to 2.5%. By transesophageal echocardiography, monitoring of balloon angioplasty, control of the positioning of the balloon, and control of the results and detection of complications are possible. Intimal as well as medial dissections can be detected with observed healing for intimal but also medial dissections. In order to avoid the @entity1 's discomfort, intraaortic ultrasound will be used in the future, when major methodological improvements are done. Computed tomography demonstrates medial dissections but is not able to visualize intimal dissections. Using computed tomography and magnetic resonance after angioplasty of the @entity1498 , irregularities are described in up to 17% of the @entity1 . For angiography, a low detection rate of medial dissections has to be expected, when not biplane angiographies of the whole thoracic aorta are performed. Medial dissections can be seen, but intimal dissections are missed. In conclusion, a review of the literature demonstrates a high incidence of intimal and medial dissections after angioplasty of the @entity1498 with spontaneous healing in most @entity1 . As is the way with coronary angioplasty, @entity1755 are rare, but stand-by surgery is necessary.

title: Dissection following balloon angioplasty of XXXX : review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic wall ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: @entity421 are primary @entity3478 of osteoblastic origin that mostly affect adolescent @entity1 . These @entity5 are highly aggressive and metastatic. Previous reports indicate that gain of function of a key osteoblastic differentiation factor, @entity8087 , leads to growth inhibition in @entity421 . We have previously established that @entity8087 transcriptionally regulates expression of a major proapoptotic factor, @entity589 . @entity8087 is regulated via proteasomal degradation, and proteasome inhibition has a stimulatory effect on @entity8087 . In this study, we hypothesized that proteasome inhibition will induce @entity8087 and @entity8087 -dependent @entity589 expression sensitizing @entity421 cells to apoptosis. Our data showed that a proteasome inhibitor, @entity1749 , increased @entity8087 and @entity589 in @entity421 cells. In vitro, @entity1749 suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in @entity421 cells but not in nonmalignant osteoblasts. Experiments involving @entity5 xenografts in @entity19 demonstrated significant @entity5 regression in @entity1749 -treated animals. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that @entity1749 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in @entity421 xenografts. These effects correlated with increased immunoreactivity for @entity8087 and @entity589 . In summary, our results indicate that @entity1749 suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in @entity421 in vitro and in vivo suggesting that proteasome inhibition may be effective as an adjuvant to current treatment regimens for these @entity5 . Published 2009 UICC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

title: Proteasome inhibition with @entity1749 suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'intratibial tumor']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of etanercept (ETA) for treating @entity309 . A systematic review was performed to search for randomized clinical trials comparing subcutaneous doses of ETA at 25 mg twice a week or 50 mg weekly to a placebo group, with or without @entity1499 . Studies of low quality (less than 3 points on Jadad's scale) were excluded. The efficacy was assessed by using the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Safety data were evaluated based on serious adverse events, serious infections, @entity5 and @entity204 . Withdrawals as a result of adverse events or lack of efficacy were also evaluated. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 2385 @entity1 . In the efficacy meta-analysis, a greater number of ETA-treated @entity1 achieved the efficacy criteria within 6 months of treatment, where the relative risk (RR) was 2.94 [2.27, 3.81] for achieving ACR20, 5.28 [3.12, 8.92] for ACR50 and 4.83 [1.74, 13.47] for ACR70. After 1 year, the RR for achieving ACR20, ACR50 and ACR70 were 1.14 [1.07, 1.23], 1.36 [1.21, 1.53] and 1.56 [1.30, 1.88], respectively. This response rates were higher for ETA-treated @entity1 in comparison with control group @entity1 . For safety, there were no statistically significant differences between treated @entity1 and controls. This was also confirmed by withdrawals as a result of adverse events, which were not statistically different between the two groups. However, more @entity1 withdrew from control groups because of a lack of efficacy as compared with @entity20292 groups (RR = 0.48 [0.30, 0.78]).

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of etanercept for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: AIM: Implant fixation, mesh shrinkage and poor quality of tissue ingrowth are unresolved issues in modern @entity547 repair. Many complications reported in the literature such as @entity548 , nerve entrapment, @entity1410 , @entity158 , discomfort, and testicular complications, are considered to be a direct results of implant fixation. This article describes the outcomes of a procedure carried out using a handcrafted implant that addresses the issues consequent to point fixation. METHODS: This was a retrospective study on the short, medium and long-term results of placing a-modified, fixation free three-dimensional @entity7502 implant in 61 @entity1 who underwent @entity169 using a novel delivery technique. The follow up length was at least 36 months postop. RESULTS: Only minor adverse events and a low complication rate of the procedure were observed in this @entity1 sample. There were no long- term complications. @entity282 was very low in both the short and long term. No @entity1118 was reported. No recurrences occurred. CONCLUSION: The results of this retrospective study on a new method of @entity169 using a three dimensional handcrafted multilamellar implant delivered with a modified placement technique are promising. The short-, medium- and long-term complications were notably low. No recurrences were noticed but, more importantly, no @entity1118 and extremely low discomfort rates were observed even in the long term.

title: Modified fixation free plug technique using a new 3D multilamellar implant for XXXX : a retrospective study of a single operator case series.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: We reported a case of @entity4216 multiplex associated with anti-GM1 and -SGLPG antibodies in a @entity1 with ongoing @entity2621 . A 56-year-old @entity1 was admitted with asymmetrical patchy sensory and motor disturbance in the extremities. @entity2057 and @entity425 in the left palm and bilateral tibialis anterior muscles were also noted. Deep tendon reflexes were normal in all the extremities. Superficial and deep sensations were reduced in the hands and feet bilaterally, and the distribution of sensory loss was irregular. Her serum was positive for antinuclear antibody, @entity309 factor, anti-RNP antibody, and anti- @entity6540 antibody. Serial electrophysiological studies suggested that the predominant process was @entity528 . On sural nerve biopsy, there were no findings of @entity1333 but severe @entity528 was observed. Thin-layer chromatography with immunostaining revealed anti-GM1 and -SGLPG antibodies. Treatment with @entity288 was successful. In this case, the anti-GM1 antibody may have played a role in the pathogenesis of @entity4216 multiplex associated with @entity792 .

title: [A case of @entity4216 multiplex associated with anti-GM1 and -SGLPG antibodies in a XXXX with ongoing @entity2621 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration', 'axonal degeneration of the sensorimotor nerves']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Despite sophisticated intensive medicine, between one and three @entity311 -associated @entity204 occur annually in Switzerland. In this retrospective study, 33 @entity204 (25 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ) caused by @entity9231 reported in Switzerland from 1988 to 2002 were analyzed. The case fatality ratio (CFR) for the @entity281 for the 15-year period was 1.2%, with a peak of 2.2% in 1991. Sub-Saharan Africa was the source of all the imported fatal @entity281 . Non-immune Europeans had a significantly higher case fatality ratio than the non-Europeans (1.7% versus 0.2%; P < 0.001). Careless use or non-use of prophylaxis, sometimes because of physicians giving unsatisfactory pre-travel advice, and initially missed diagnosis post-travel were factors that contributed to the development of severe @entity281 leading to @entity204 . Travelers should be sensitized to the risk of @entity311 by well-informed general practitioners. Updated information is readily available (www.safetravel.ch). Regarding diagnosis and treatment, greater physician awareness of the disease is needed, and expert advice should be sought without hesitation. Rapid @entity311 tests may be a useful diagnostic adjunct in centers where microscopic expertise is lacking. @entity9231 in a non-immune @entity1 is an emergency requiring immediate treatment.

title: @entity204 caused by XXXX in Switzerland 1988-2002.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['Falciparum malaria', 'falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the current knowledge of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and management of environmental pollutants and @entity2023 . RECENT FINDINGS: Both active cigarette smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke are associated with @entity2490 and @entity1244 . @entity1495 , which is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of @entity566 , is elevated in @entity1 with passive cigarette smoke exposure compared with controls. Ground-level ozone and particulate matter exposure is associated with an allergic-type response and may increase sensitization to other allergens. Certain occupational exposures can cause nasal irritation and local cytotoxic effects. Evidence suggests that @entity2490 symptomatology may often precede the development of @entity7446 . SUMMARY: Environmental factors have been noted to induce @entity146 and often contribute to the multifactorial cause of @entity2490 and @entity2023 . Cigarette smoke is a common irritant that impacts the innate immune function of the sinonasal epithelial cells, and creates local irritation and cytotoxic effects. Both active smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke increase the risk of @entity2490 . Many other environmental pollutants are associated with @entity2490 , including @entity1787 , particulate matter, and occupational irritants. The management of @entity2490 associated with environmental exposures is similar to the management of other types of @entity2490 . Although often not feasible, avoidance is probably the most effective course.

title: Environmental pollutants and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sinonasal mucosal irritation']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'chronic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['Matrix metalloproteinase 9']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: The modulation of central postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors mediating @entity5564 in the @entity4485 -anaesthetized @entity35 was studied after the acute and short/long-term administration of antidepressant treatments (drugs, electroshock). The acute administration of cyclic antidepressant drugs (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) resulted in different mydriatic effects ( @entity3659 greater than @entity6700 approximately @entity2645 greater than @entity8991 greater than @entity5080 greater than @entity5829 approximately @entity5081 ) which were attenuated (17-55%) by @entity9006 (1 mg/kg, i.v., 5 min) and @entity2515 (5 mg/kg, s.c., 18 h) indicating that, besides the well-known anticholinergic properties of some of these drugs, their mydriatic effects are due in part to activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors (through endogenous @entity1063 ). In contrast, the long-term (7-21 days) but not the short-term (1-4 days) administration of cyclic antidepressant drugs (2.5-10 mg/kg, i.p.), @entity19231 inhibitors (1 mg/kg, i.p.), @entity1091 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and electroshock (150 mA, 63 Hz, 8 ms during 300 ms) resulted in dose- and time-dependent reductions of the dose-pupillary response curve for @entity1338 (ED50 increased 1.2-2.0-fold; Emax decreased by 9-29%) which indicated desensitization of postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors. In line with these findings, treatment for 7 days with @entity1338 (0.1-1 mg/kg, i.p.) or @entity9006 (3-10 mg/kg, i.p.) led to an opposite modulation (down- and up-regulation) of the dose-pupillary response curve for @entity1338 . The main results demonstrate that cyclic antidepressant drugs, through indirect mechanisms which involve endogenous @entity1063 , can modulate the sensitivity of brain postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors mediating @entity5564 in the @entity35 .

title: Modulation by antidepressant drugs of CNS postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors mediating @entity5564 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity6700 :: ('MESH:D011530', 'Chemical') :: ['protriptyline']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity5081 :: ('MESH:D008376', 'Chemical') :: ['maprotiline']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Giant cell granulomas (GCGs) are @entity5 of the jaws of unknown aetiology. @entity146 are difficult to manage and demonstrate a tendency to recur after surgical curettage. In the early 1980s, @entity4020 was found to inhibit angiogenesis through a series of laboratory experiments and was subsequently used to treat a @entity1 with @entity358 . It has been hypothesised that GCGs are @entity455 and would, therefor, be expected to respond to antiangiogenic therapy. The purpose of this study is to report a treatment protocol consisting of enucleation, followed by subcutaneous interferon alpha. METHODS: @entity1 with a biopsy-confirmed giant cell lesion satisfying criteria for " @entity146 " @entity5 were included. All lesions were enucleated, and the @entity1 commenced @entity4020 (3,000,000 units/m(2)) 48-72 h post-operatively. RESULTS: Two @entity1 satisfied the criteria for @entity146 . All @entity5 were enucleated. There were no post-operative complications, and all @entity1 tolerated the interferon therapy well. To date, there has been no evidence of @entity5 recurrence. The follow-up periods were 144 and 81 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Antiangiogenic therapy, in combination with curettage, has proven to be a useful strategy for the management of these @entity5 . The use of @entity4020 , following enucleation of these lesions, resulted in complete remission of all lesions, and decreased operative morbidity compared with conventional treatment.

title: XXXX treated with interferon alpha: a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive giant cell lesions', 'aggressive', 'Aggressive lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'giant cell tumours', 'tumours', 'benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary haemangiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha-2a']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Aggressive giant cell granuloma of the jaws']


abstract: @entity733 is a rare condition. In the setting of multiple surgical interventions, the risk of its development increases. A 49-year-old @entity1 presented with episodes of @entity1032 . He had two surgeries for a recurrent suprasellar @entity145 . The second surgery was complicated by a persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that required two repairs following which he developed @entity7961 and central @entity2010 . Twelve months after his last surgery he was diagnosed with @entity5827 . This was followed by recurrent hospitalisations for severe @entity3489 blamed on poor medication compliance. He was subsequently hospitalised for the evaluation of a @entity221 . Brain MRI showed @entity5034 . Exploratory surgery revealed a purulent collection in the sella and a mucosal graft which had been used to repair the CSF leak. After drainage of pus and replacement of the graft he recovered completely but requiring life-long hormonal replacement.

title: A XXXX as recurrent @entity3489 and @entity5827 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5034 :: ('MESH:D058565', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculitis and enhancement of the sella']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary abscess']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['pituitary abscess masquerading']


abstract: The prognostic significance of local relapse after conservative treatment of early stage @entity0 has been controversial. To determine the incidence and the prognostic value of a breast relapse, we analyzed the results obtained in a series of @entity1 with pT1pN0 presentation of @entity0 treated conservatively without adjuvant medical treatment. From 1976 to 1986, 202 @entity1 with @entity0 of less than 2 cm without lymph node involvement were treated with surgery and radiation therapy. The overall survival rate was 97.2% at 5 years. Locoregional relapses occurred in 16 @entity1 (7.9%). In these @entity1 , the overall survival rate was significantly decreased as compared to that of @entity1 without local relapse (87.5% versus 98.3% at 5 years, p less than 0.001). The probability of remaining @entity3 -free was also significantly decreased (80.2% vs 91.3%, p less than 0.001). Most relapses (94%) appeared at or close to the primary site. Salvage local treatment was possible in 14/16 @entity1 (87.5%). Age, menopausal status, size and site of primary @entity5 , histological grade, and boost technique did not influence significantly the risk of local relapse occurrence. We concluded that the occurrence of a breast relapse after a successful local conservative treatment is a pejorative prognostic factor predictive of a high risk of distant @entity3 development. There is a need to individualize factors that could allow discrimination of @entity1 with a high probability of local relapse and subsequent @entity3 .

title: Prognostic significance of breast relapse after conservative treatment in node-negative early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'invasive breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In the NASPEAF (National Study for Prevention of @entity887 in @entity955 ) trial, combination therapy with an anticoagulant and an antiplatelet was more effective than anticoagulation alone in @entity1 with @entity955 . We report long-term follow-up in these @entity1 , including prospective evaluation of different antiplatelet therapies. METHODS: This analysis included 574 @entity955 patients. Standard anticoagulation (international normalized ratio [INR] 2.0-3.0) was used as control therapy to compare with anticoagulation (INR 1.9-2.5) plus either triflusal at 600 mg/day, triflusal at 300 mg/day or @entity117 at 100 mg/day. The primary endpoint was @entity63 or @entity64 , a systemic or coronary @entity63 event, or @entity65 . The mean follow-up was 4.92 years. RESULTS: Long-term follow-up confirmed that combination therapy with an anticoagulant plus triflusal at 600 mg/day gave significantly better results than anticoagulation alone (hazard ratio [HR]=0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.80; P=.014). There was a significantly higher incidence of @entity63 events with triflusal at 300 mg/day (P=.031) and of severe @entity548 events with @entity117 at 100 mg/day (P=.008). The mean INR was similar in the three combination therapy groups. The incidence of severe @entity548 during combination therapy with @entity29091 was very low (0.3% of @entity1 /year). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up confirmed that combination antithrombotic therapy with triflusal at 600 mg/day gave significantly better results than anticoagulant monotherapy. The results obtained with combination therapy with triflusal at 300 mg/day and with @entity117 at 100 mg/day should be considered provisional because the treatment groups were small and treatment was not randomly assigned.

title: Long-term follow-up of @entity955 XXXX in the NASPEAF study. Prospective evaluation of different antiplatelet treatments.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity29091 :: ('MESH:C016167', 'Chemical') :: ['triflusal']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['nongastric bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Retrospective evaluation of clinical findings in 33 @entity235 with @entity957 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: At the owners' request 9 @entity1 were euthanized after diagnosis. 24 treated @entity1 were grouped into six categories depending on the type of therapy: 1. tonsillectomy and NSAID (Piroxicam or Metacam) (n=10); 2. tonsillectomy, NSAID, and palliative radiation (24-30Gy in 3-5 fractions) (n=4); 3. tonsillectomy, NSAID, palliative radiation, and chemotherapy (5   @entity3003 280-300mg/m2 BSA) (n=3); 4. NSAID, palliative radiation, and chemotherapy (n=1); 5. NSAID alone (n=5), 6. tonsillectomy alone (n=1). RESULTS: There were no breed predispositions but medium sized (10-20kg; 43%) and large @entity235 (>20kg; 20%), and males (n=22; 71%) were overrepresented. The average age was 10.7years (range, 6.5-14.5years). At the first presentation, 22 of the 33 @entity235 (67%) had lymph node @entity3 . None of the @entity235 had lung @entity3 at the time of diagnosis, as determined by three view chest X-rays. The best survival times (ST) were achieved in groups 2 and 3 with three of seven @entity1 living longer than 1year. @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 had a trend for longer survival times, independent of the type of therapy. Treated @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 (n=17) had a mean and median ST of 9.5 and 4months, respectively. Only two @entity235 survived longer than 1year. @entity235 without lymph node @entity3 had a mean and median ST of 17.7 and 12 months, respectively; the ST for four of the eight @entity235 exceeded 1year, two survived longer than 2years. CONCLUSION: It could be confirmed that @entity957 are @entity5 with a high rate of cervical lymph node @entity3 . In most cases with @entity3 the survival times were relatively short, irrespective of treatment. In early stages of the disease however, good survival times could be achieved using surgical debulking followed by multimodality treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In @entity957 of the tonsils thorough staging is mandatory due to the high metastatic potential of the @entity5 . Verification of @entity3 carries a poor prognosis. Further studies are required to find the best treatment (combination) for these @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX in the @entity235 . A retrospective study of 33 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In severe chronic stages of @entity2415 the only treatment is lung transplantation. SO, an urgent need exists for the development of effective treatments. Stem cells therapy arises as a new therapeutic approach. AIM OF THE WORK: To investigate whether bone marrow mononuclar cells (BMMNCs) can promote lung regeneration and decrease apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced @entity2542 in C57Bl/6 @entity19 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 14 weeks old female @entity19 (C57Bl/6), weighing around 25 g were used in this study. The @entity19 were divided into 4 groups (10 in each group): group A: @entity19 received no treatment, group B: @entity19 received intranasal instillation of LPS with no further treatment, group C: @entity19 received intranasal instillation of LPS then given a dose of BMMNCs and evaluated 21 days later and group D: the @entity19 that received intranasal instillation of LPS then given a dose of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and evaluated 21 days later. Imaging analysis was done using imagej program. To measure apoptotic index, Anti-caspase 3 polyclonal antibody staining was done. RESULTS: Analysis of the mean of airspace equivalent diameters (D0) and its statistical distribution (D1) for the different groups allowed to observe that group treated with BMMNCs (group C) showed the significant improvement in D0 and D1 than the group received LPS only (group B). Analysis of apoptotic index showed significant difference between BMMNCs treated group (group C) and that received LPS only (group B). CONCLUSIONS: BMMNCs effectively promote lung regeneration and reduction of apoptosis in @entity2542 .

title: The Effect of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells on Lung Regeneration and Apoptosis in a Simple Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity2542 :: (MESH:D011656,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Emphysema']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of the inflammatory markers on admission in the isolation of a causative pathogen in @entity1 with @entity281 . @entity281 is treated frequently at spinal units and can encompass a broad range of clinical entities. Its diagnosis is often delayed because of the difficulty of identifying the responsible pathogen. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity281 treated in our institution over a period of eight years were identified and their notes studied retrospectively. Admission @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), white cell count (WCC) as well as co-morbidities and mode of pathogen identification were recorded. Overall, 96 @entity1 were included in the study. RESULTS: The @entity1851 levels on admission were correlated significantly with the overall potential for isolation of a pathogen (p<0.0001) and positive biopsy cultures (p=0.0016). Admission WCC levels were associated significantly with the overall potential for isolation of a pathogen (p=0.0003) and positive biopsy cultures (p=0.0023). Both @entity1851 and WCC levels were significantly negatively correlated with the duration of the preceding symptoms (p=0.0003 and p<0.0001 respectively). Delay in presentation was significantly negatively correlated with organism isolation (p=0.0001). Multivariate analyses identified the delay in presentation as the strongest independent variable for organism isolation (p=0.014) in cases of spontaneous @entity281 when compared with the admission @entity1851 level (p=0.031) and WCC (p=0.056). CONCLUSIONS: In spontaneous @entity281 , delay in presentation is the strongest independent variable for organism isolation. High inflammatory marker levels on admission are a useful prognostic marker for the overall potential of isolating a causative organism either by blood cultures or by biopsy in @entity1 with negative blood cultures. Furthermore, the admission inflammatory marker levels allow for treating surgeons to counsel their @entity1 of the likelihood of achieving a positive microbiological yield from biopsy.

title: Admission inflammatory markers and isolation of a causative organism in @entity1 with spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['spinal infection', 'Spinal infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['spinal infection']


abstract: @entity6161 is a new non-ionic water soluble contrast agent. Isolated @entity95 hearts were perfused with solutions of 1) @entity6161 , 2) @entity6161 with plasma equivalent amounts of cations, 3) oxygenated @entity6161 , 4) oxygenated @entity6161 with cations, 5) diatrizoate. Solutions of 1) @entity6161 , 2) @entity6161 with plasmaequivalent amounts of cations, 3) @entity6161 with @entity460 ions, 4) metrizoate (ionic medium) with @entity460 ions, metrizoate with 5) low and 6) high @entity1372 content and 7) diatrizoate were injected into the left coronary artery of @entity235 hearts in vivo. Maximal change of myocardial contractile force was measured with a strain gauge arch. @entity551 were also recorded. In both sets of experiments metrizamede affected these parameters less than the ionic contrast media. The addition of @entity460 ions to both ionic and non-ionic media reduced the adverse effects on the observed cardiac funcitons, while simultaneous addition of plasma equivalent amounts of four cations as @entity31418 salts had no beneficial effects. @entity1372 ions had in high concentration deleterious effects on cardiac performance. @entity26 saturation of the contrast medium had no observable effect. The adverse effects on cardiac mechanical function of @entity1372 ions and possibly other cations contained in a contrast medium solution might be counterbalanced by the addition of @entity460 ions to the solution.

title: Addition of @entity460 or other cations and of XXXX to ionic and non-ionic contrast media. Effects on cardiac function during coronary arteriography.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity6161 :: ('MESH:D008793', 'Chemical') :: ['Metrizamide', 'metrizamide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Changes in aortic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity31418 :: ('MESH:D008794', 'Chemical') :: ['metrizoate']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2795 is a hallmark of @entity19606 ( @entity19606 ). In contrast with the majority of @entity19606 @entity1 , some affected subjects never experience @entity227 during their attacks of @entity2795 . The aim of this study was to determine whether specific morphology of the primary visual cortex is associated with the absence of @entity227 during @entity2795 in @entity19606 . METHODS: @entity1 from a large cohort of @entity19606 @entity1 , aged <45 years, and with a modified Rankin's scale  <=1 were included in the study. Width and depth of the calcarine sulcus in the primary visual cortex as well as cortical thickness in its neighbourhood were compared between @entity1 with visual and those with @entity227 . RESULTS: 31 @entity1 had @entity227 (VA group) while nine reported only non- @entity227 (NVA group) during their @entity2795 . Asymmetry index of the calcarine sulcal depth largely differed between the NVA group and the VA group (0.22  0.1 vs -0.004  0.2; p=1.7 10(-6)). The width of the right calcarine sulcus was significantly lower in the VA group (p=0.04) and cortical thickness was larger in the NVA group (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The absence of @entity227 during @entity2795 was associated with a profound asymmetry of the primary visual cortex. Aura symptoms seem to be linked to the morphology of the primary visual cortex in @entity19606 . This finding potentially reflects more general relationships between spreading @entity308 and cortex morphology in @entity2795 .

title: Cortical folding influences @entity2795 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine auras', 'migraine with aura', 'migraine aura', 'Migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['non-visual migraine auras', 'visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity19606 :: ('MESH:D046589', 'Disease') :: ['CADASIL', 'cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity19606 :: (MESH:D046589,Disease) :: ['CADASIL']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) increases polyp and @entity189 detection in addition to double contrast barium enema (DCBE). However, CT colonography (CTC) is now the preferred technique. Our aim was to explore whether FS increases polyp and @entity189 detection rates when used in addition to CTC. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent FS and CTC between 2007 and 2009 were included and data were collected from @entity1 records. Yields of polyp, @entity652 and @entity189 detection were calculated for FS and CTC. RESULTS: In a cohort of 294 @entity1 , CTC detected 36 @entity1 with @entity189 while FS detected 28. One @entity5 not seen on CTC was diagnosed by FS. @entity1127 were seen by CTC in 66 and FS in 45 @entity1 . In 5 @entity1 FS found @entity1127 that were not detected by CTC; 3 of which were small @entity652 . FS detected extra @entity652 or @entity189 in 1.36% (4/294). Adding FS to CTC neither increased the @entity5 nor the polyp detection yield significantly. CONCLUSIONS: This first study investigating the use of FS in addition to CTC detected little additional pathology. The routine use of FS as a supplement to CTC for @entity652 and @entity189 detection is of questionable utility.

title: Flexible sigmoidoscopy does not significantly increase polyp and XXXX detection yield when used to supplement CT colonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity526 (E. coli) is the most frequent bacterium isolated in cases of @entity1869 complex, the most frequent @entity1478 in the bitch. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the innate immune system. The aim of this study was to compare transcription of genes encoding @entity31620 , @entity31621 and @entity558 ligands ( @entity31622 , @entity601 , @entity31623 ), @entity3009 synthesis enzymes ( @entity9694 , @entity4873 , PGES1 and @entity31624 ), and to compare @entity9694 and @entity4873 protein expression and @entity1421 and PGF(2alpha) endometrial content in the endometrium of @entity235 diestrous uteri with (n=7) or without (n=7) pyometra. All cases of pyometra were @entity5072 and @entity526 was the only isolated bacteria, while diestrous normal uteri did not present signs of @entity1869 and were negative for bacteriology. Except for @entity9694 , transcription of all genes was significantly higher in pyometra than in normal endometria. @entity9694 protein was observed in both normal and pyometra uteri, but @entity4873 protein was only present in pyometra cases. Endometrial @entity1421 and PGF(2alpha) content were significantly higher in pyometra than in normal diestrous endometria. In conclusion, data obtained in this study provides evidence that pyometra-isolated @entity526 induces the up-regulation of @entity31620 and @entity31621 genes in the @entity235 diestrous endometrium. This up-regulation, which is probably the result of the stimulation by @entity558 and lipoprotein @entity526 constituents, leads to the endometrial up-regulation of PG synthesis genes. This, in turn, results in a higher endometrial concentration of @entity1421 and PGF(2alpha), which may further regulate the local inflammatory response.

title: Gene transcription of @entity31620 , @entity31621 , XXXX ligands and @entity3009 synthesis enzymes are up-regulated in @entity235 uteri with @entity1869 complex.

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial disorder']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra', 'cystic endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['LPS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Given their association with @entity65 protection, there has been intense interest in understanding the biology of high density lipoproteins (HDL). HDL is actually a family of diverse particle types, each made up of discrete - but as yet undetermined - combinations of proteins drawn from up to 95 lipophilic plasma proteins. The abundant apolipoproteins (apo) of the A class ( @entity19395 , @entity28050 and @entity36342 ) have been proposed to act as organizing platforms for auxiliary proteins, but this concept has not been systematically evaluated. We assessed the impact of genetic knock down of each platform protein on the particle size distribution of @entity2101 . Loss of @entity19395 or @entity28050 massively reduced HDL lipids and changed the plasma size pattern and/or abundance of several plasma proteins. Surprisingly though, many HDL proteins were not affected, suggesting they assemble on lipid particles in the absence of @entity19395 or @entity28050 . In contrast, @entity36342 ablation had minor effects on plasma lipids and proteins, suggesting that it forms particles that largely exclude other apolipoproteins. Overall, the data indicate that distinct HDL subpopulations exist that do not contain, nor depend on, @entity19395 , @entity28050 or @entity36342 and these contribute substantially to the proteomic diversity of HDL. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Plasma levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) are inversely correlated with @entity65 . These particles are becoming known as highly heterogeneous entities that have diverse compositions and functions that may impact disease. Unfortunately, we know little about the forces that maintain the composition of each particle in plasma. It has been suggested that certain 'scaffold' proteins, such as @entity19395 , @entity28050 and @entity36342 , may act as organizing centers for the docking of myriad accessory proteins. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of the genetic tractability of the @entity19 model and ablated these three proteins individually. We then tracked the abundance and size profile of the remaining HDL proteins by gel filtration chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The results clearly show that certain cohorts of proteins depend on each scaffold molecule to assemble normal sized HDL particles under wild-type conditions. This work forms the basis for more detailed studies that will define the specific compositions of HDL subspecies with the possibility of connecting them to specific functions or roles in disease.

title: Impact of genetic deletion of platform apolipoproteins on the size distribution of the XXXX lipoproteome.

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['auxiliary HDL proteins']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Three @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity364 are described. Two @entity1 had disseminated @entity281 and the third disseminated @entity3219 . Allwere receiving corticosteroids at the time @entity364 developed. One @entity1 with disseminated @entity1328 improved after treatment with @entity2379 and @entity4895 . The other @entity1 with disseminated @entity1328 died before adequate therapy could be given. The @entity1 with @entity3219 responded satisfactorily to @entity2379 . A survey of the literature revealed 30 additional cases of @entity364 in @entity1 with @entity1252 , most of whom were on corticosteroid therapy. The majority of the @entity1 had @entity7553 (14 @entity1 ); 11 @entity1 had severe @entity281 . Other @entity364 reported were @entity3219 , aspergillois, @entity6656 , and @entity13443 caused by Allerscheria boydii. Twenty-seven @entity1 died; in 22 @entity204 was related to the @entity364 . The @entity364 was not diagnosed until necropsy in at least 11 @entity1 . Deep @entity364 should be considered whenever @entity1 with @entity1252 have @entity221 of unknown origin, @entity358 , or unexplained CNS symptoms.

title: XXXX in @entity1252 - three cases reported, literature reviewed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity13443 :: ('MESH:D008271', 'Disease') :: ['maduromycosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['deep fungal infection', 'fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['coccidioidomycosis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Deep fungal infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the history and clinical presentation of a case of conjunctival lichen planus simulating ocular surface @entity5 (OSSN). METHODS: A 32-year-old Hispanic @entity1 presented with a 6-month history of @entity1109 , localized @entity3169 , and a progressively enlarging "bump" located in the temporal aspect of his right eye. The @entity1 denied any prior @entity2194 or surgery to the affected eye. Evaluation consisted of slit lamp examination and surgical excision of the mass with histopathologic studies. RESULTS: Slit lamp examination revealed the presence of a 6 x 5 x 1 mm elevated conjunctival fleshy mass that extended into the corneal limbus in the right eye. The lesion exhibited intrinsic pigmentation and vascularization as well as the presence of a dilated feeder vessel. Based on clinical findings, a diagnosis of OSSN was suspected. An excisional biopsy was performed with cryotherapy application to the surgical margins. Histopathologic study of the lesion revealed @entity5656 , @entity8286 , @entity3594 , and a band-like infiltrate of predominantly lymphocytes hugging the epithelium, consistent with the diagnosis of lichen planus. CONCLUSION: Ocular lichen can present as a focal @entity3169 . Excisional biopsy allowed us to make the diagnosis of this rare entity, which presented as a simulating lesion with clinical features consistent with ocular surface @entity5 .

title: Conjunctival lichen planus simulating ocular surface XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['worsening foreign body sensation']

entities_list: @entity8286 :: ('MESH:D010241', 'Disease') :: ['parakeratosis']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['irregular acanthosis']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival lesion', 'conjunctival hyperemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['squamous neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Comorbidity and @entity417 strongly influence treatment and outcome of @entity957 ( @entity957 ), but respective data are frequently lacking in clinical studies. We evaluated 149 cases of oropharyngeal SCC primarily treated with surgery regarding the impact of these factors on @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and overall survival (OS). METHODS: Data were recorded during treatment and follow-up visits. @entity1082 ) association of oropharyngeal SCC was detected by @entity986 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity986 -positive disease were significantly less comorbid and anemic, and treated more aggressively. Comorbidity and @entity417 , but not @entity986 status, significantly influenced @entity66 and had more impact on OS than @entity986 status. CONCLUSION: In our study, @entity986 -positive seems a good surrogate marker for healthier @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity986 -positive disease showed improved survival, but this was limited to none/mild comorbid and/or nonanemic individuals in this group. On the basis of our results, we strongly suggest the inclusion of these factors in risk stratification for clinical studies.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016.

title: Impact of comorbidity and XXXX in @entity1 with oropharyngeal cancer primarily treated with surgery in the @entity1082 era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas', 'SCCs']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe trends in the incidence and outcomes for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity1 with and without @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) in Spain between 2004 and 2013. METHODS: We used national hospital discharge data to select all @entity1 discharged from hospital after @entity955 . We focused our analysis on @entity1 with @entity955 in the primary diagnosis field. Discharges were grouped by @entity6 ( @entity6 or non- @entity6 ). Incidence was calculated overall and stratified by @entity6 . We analyzed diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, @entity1 comorbidities, CHA2DS2-VASc score, length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality (IHM). RESULTS: We identified a total of 214,457 admissions for @entity955 (21.1% with T2DM). The incidence was higher among @entity1 with T2DM. @entity1 with T2DM have significant higher incidence than @entity1 in all years studied. T2DM was positively associated with @entity955 hospitalization (IRR 3.76, 95%CI 3.72-3.80). T2DM @entity1 were significantly older than @entity1 without @entity6 , had more comorbidity and had higher values of CHA2DS2-VASc score. Prevalence of @entity2299 and @entity101 were almost 50% higher and prevalence of @entity28 was two times higher (all p values<0.05). @entity6 was not associated with a higher IHM (OR: 0.99, 95%CI 0.93-1.06). For the entire sample, time trend analyses showed a significant decrease in mortality in @entity1 admitted for @entity955 (OR: 0.98, 95%CI 0.97-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence rates were higher in T2DM @entity1 . @entity1 with T2DM have significant higher incidence rates than @entity1 . The presence of @entity6 is not associated with a higher IHM during admission for @entity955 .

title: Impact of XXXX in hospitalizations for @entity955 in Spain (2004-2013).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes status']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is increasingly recognised that host-related factors may be important in determining @entity5 outcome. The aim was to examine the relationship between @entity1 physiology, the systemic inflammatory response and survival after @entity14 resection. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing potentially curative resection of @entity14 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. @entity1 physiology was assessed using the physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) criteria. The systemic inflammatory response was assessed using the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). Multivariate 5-year survival analysis was carried out with calculation of hazard ratios (HR). RESULTS: A total of 320 @entity1 were included. During follow-up (median 74 months), there were 136 deaths: 83 @entity14 related and 53 non- @entity5 related. Independent predictors of @entity5 -specific survival were age (HR: 1.46, P<0.01), @entity5 (HR: 2.39, P<0.001), mGPS (HR: 1.78, P<0.001) and POSSUM physiology score (HR: 1.38, P=0.02). Predictors of overall survival were age (HR: 1.64, P<0.001), smoking (HR: 1.52, P=0.02), @entity5 (HR: 1.64, P<0.001), mGPS (HR: 1.60, P<0.001) and POSSUM physiology score (HR: 1.27, P=0.03). A relationship between mGPS and POSSUM physiology score was also established (P<0.006). CONCLUSION: The POSSUM physiology score and the systemic inflammatory response are strongly associated and both are independent predictors of @entity5 specific and overall survival in @entity1 undergoing potentially curative resection of @entity14 .

title: The relationship between @entity1 physiology, the systemic inflammatory response and survival in @entity1 undergoing curative resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Dukes stage', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although multimodality treatment can induce high rate of remission in many subtypes of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), significant proportions of @entity1 relapse with @entity66 . The effect of @entity1 bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on @entity5 cell growth is controversial, and no specific information is available on the effect of BM-MSC on @entity1893 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The effect of BM-MSC was analyzed in two in vivo models of disseminated @entity1893 with an indolent (EBV(-) Burkitt-type BJAB, median survival = 46 days) and an aggressive (EBV(+) B lymphoblastoid SKW6.4, median survival = 27 days) behavior in nude- @entity915 @entity19 . Intra-peritoneal (i.p.) injection of MSC (4 days after i.p. injection of @entity706 cells) significantly increased the overall survival at an optimal MSC: @entity706 ratio of 1:10 in both xenograft models (BJAB+MSC, median survival = 58.5 days; SKW6.4+MSC, median survival = 40 days). Upon MSC injection, i.p. @entity5 masses developed more slowly and, at the histopathological observation, exhibited a massive stromal infiltration coupled to extensive intra- @entity5 @entity39 . In in vitro experiments, we found that: i) MSC/ @entity706 co-cultures modestly affected @entity706 cell survival and were characterized by increased release of pro-angiogenic cytokines with respect to the MSC, or @entity706 , cultures; ii) MSC induce the migration of endothelial cells in transwell assays, but promoted endothelial cell apoptosis in direct MSC/endothelial cell co-cultures. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data demonstrate that BM-MSC exhibit anti- @entity706 activity in two distinct xenograft @entity915 @entity19 models of disseminated @entity1893 .

title: @entity1 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells display anti- @entity5 activity in @entity915 XXXX bearing disseminated @entity1893 xenografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['incurable disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ) of @entity3003 in combination with radiotherapy for treatment of the F98 @entity35 @entity11 . @entity5 cells were implanted stereotactically into the brains of syngeneic Fischer @entity35 , and 13 or 17 d. later @entity3003 (20  g/10  l) was administered by either @entity14782 over 30 min or by Alzet osmotic pumps (0.5  g/ l/h for 168 h.) beginning at 7 d after @entity5 implantation. @entity35 were irradiated with a 15 Gy fractionated dose (5 Gy   3) of 6 MV photons to the whole brain beginning on the day after drug administration. Other groups of @entity35 received either @entity3003 or X-irradiation alone. The @entity5 @entity3003 concentration following @entity14782 of 20  g in 10  l was 10.4  g/g, which was equal to that observed following i.v. administration of 100 mg/kg b. @entity35 bearing small @entity5 , treated with @entity3003 and X-irradiation, had a @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of 83.4 d following @entity14782 and 111.8 d following pump delivery with 40% of the latter surviving >180 d (i.e. cured) compared to 55.2 d for @entity14782 and 77.2 d. for pump delivery of @entity3003 alone and 31.8 d and 24.2 d, respectively, for X-irradiated and untreated controls. There was no microscopic evidence of @entity41 in the brains of all long-term survivors. Not surprisingly, @entity35 with large @entity5 had much shorter MSTs. Only modest increases in MSTs were observed in animals that received either oral administration or @entity14782 of @entity2903 plus X-irradiation (23.2 d and 29.3 d) compared to X-irradiation alone. The present survival data, and those previously reported by us, are among the best ever obtained with the F98 @entity11 model. Initially, they could provide a platform for a Phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety and potential therapeutic efficacy of @entity14782 of @entity3003 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 , and ultimately a Phase II trial of @entity3003 in combination with radiation therapy.

title: Convection enhanced delivery of XXXX in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of brain tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['CED', 'convection enhanced delivery']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['MST', 'mean survival time']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Lay abstract: It has been proposed that @entity2438 in the general population lie on a continuum, with clinical @entity72 ( @entity72 ), representing the extreme end of this distribution. The current study undertook a genome-wide association (GWA) scan of 965 young Western Australian adults to identify novel risk variants associated with @entity2438 . No associations reached genome-wide significance; however, a review of nominally associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicated two positional candidate loci that have been previously implicated in @entity2438 -like trait etiology. Scientific abstract: Research has proposed that @entity2438 in the general population lie on a continuum, with clinical @entity72 representing the extreme end of this distribution. Inherent in this proposal is that biological mechanisms associated with clinical @entity72 may also underpin variation in @entity2438 within the general population. A GWA study using 2,462,046 SNPs was undertaken for @entity72 in 965 individuals from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. No SNP associations reached genome-wide significance (p   <   5.0       10(-8)). However, investigations into nominal observed SNP associations (p   <   1.0       10(-5)) add support to two positional candidate genes previously implicated in @entity72 etiology, @entity23001 , and @entity36253 . The @entity36254 SNP (p   =   9.587       10(-6)), is located within an intron of the @entity23001 ( @entity23001 ) gene on chromosome 16p11. The @entity23001 gene has been previously reported in linkage and association studies for @entity72 , and its mRNA expression has been shown to be significantly down regulated in @entity72 cases compared with controls. The @entity36255 SNP (p   =   1.78       10(-6)) is located in a region flanking the @entity36253 ( @entity36253 ) gene on chromosome 16q12.1. The @entity36253 gene is involved with synaptogenesis and is part of a gene family previously implicated in @entity72 . This GWA study is only the second to examine SNPs associated with @entity2438 in the general population, and provides evidence to support roles for the @entity23001 and @entity36253 genes in risk of clinical @entity72 .

title: Genome-wide association study of XXXX in a general population study of young adults.

entities_list: @entity23001 :: ('5579', 'Gene') :: ['protein kinase C, beta 1', 'PRKCB1']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic-like traits', 'autistic']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['Autism Spectrum Disorder', 'ASD']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autistic-like traits']


abstract: The cellular interactions regulating the production of collagenase by a cell line derived from a spontaneously arising @entity35 mammary @entity189 have been studied. The cell line, @entity28951 , was grown permanently under defined serum-free conditions, so that the poorly characterized and variable effects of serum on collagenase expression were avoided. Two stable subpopulations of cells present in @entity28951 cultures were defined as epithelioid cells ("E-cells") and myoepithelioid cells ("M-cells"). These subpopulations differed in their morphology, pattern of growth and susceptibility to detachment from culture vessels by trypsin. Seven clones of M-cells and 7 clones of E-cells, obtained by the limiting dilution technique, were used to determine the cellular source of collagenase and the interactions which led to its expression. M-cells displayed an absolute dependence on a soluble factor produced by E-cells for their survival in vitro. The presence of both cellular types in culture was necessary for collagenase secretion to occur, E-cells being the major source of enzyme in mixed cultures. A soluble factor produced by M-cells was largely, if not completely, responsible for the induction of collagenase secretion by E-cells. Clones representative of both subpopulations were tumorigenic in syngeneic host animals. These results suggest that the phenotypic diversity which occurs within populations of neoplastic cells may give rise to subpopulations of cells which display a more @entity146 phenotype in coexistence than in isolation.

title: Cellular interactions determining the production of collagenase by a @entity35 mammary XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Responsiveness to cognitive behaviour therapy ( @entity21557 ) in @entity716 may have a neurological basis. This study aimed to determine whether improvement in symptoms following @entity21557 for @entity716 ( @entity21557 ) in @entity1 with @entity161 is positively associated with pre-therapy grey matter volume in brain regions involved in cognitive processing. METHODS: Sixty outpatients stable on medication with at least one distressing symptom of @entity161 and willing to receive @entity21557 in addition to their standard care (SC), and 25 healthy @entity1 underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, 30 @entity1 received @entity21557 ( @entity21557 +SC; 25 completers) for 6-8 months and 30 continued with their standard care (SC; 19 completers). Symptoms in all @entity1 were assessed (blindly) at entry and follow-up. RESULTS: The @entity21557 +SC and SC groups did not differ clinically at baseline, and only the @entity21557 +SC group showed improved symptoms at follow-up. Severity of baseline symptoms was not associated with @entity21557 responsiveness. Reduction with @entity21557 in positive symptoms was associated with greater right cerebellum (lobule VII) grey matter volume, in negative symptoms with left precentral gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule grey matter volumes, and in general psychopathology with greater right superior temporal gyrus, cuneus and cerebellum (Crus I) grey matter volumes. Grey matter volume in these brain areas did not correlate with the severity of baseline symptoms. CONCLUSION: Grey matter volume of the frontal, temporal, parietal and cerebellar areas that are known to be involved in the co-ordination of mental activity, @entity73 predict responsiveness to @entity21557 in @entity1 with @entity716 .

title: Structural magnetic resonance imaging predictors of responsiveness to cognitive behaviour therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive flexibility, and verbal learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: 1. The partial purification of purine @entity2353 phosphorylase from @entity95 erythrocytes is described. 2. Analytical and preparative isoelectric focusing gave a pI value for the enzyme of 4.65. 3. Gel-chromatography and @entity969 -density-gradient-centrifugation techniques gave estimates of the molecular weight in the range 75000-83000. 4. Lineweaver-Burk plots of kinetic data were non-linear at high @entity14572 concentrations. Extrapolation of the linear part of such plots yielded a Km value for @entity14572 of about 70 micrometer for the @entity95 erythrocyte and liver enzymes. 5. A Hill interaction coefficient of 0.75 was obtained, suggesting negative co-operativity with respect to the binding of @entity14572 . 6. Treatment of the enzyme with @entity8865 caused partial inactivation, and subsequent Lineweaver-Burk plots with @entity14572 as substrate displayed complete linearity, with an increase in Km value for @entity14572 to 200 micrometer. 7. Starch-gel electrophoresis did not reveal the presence of secondary isoenzymes; all tissue extracts examined gave electrophoretic patterns similar to those obtained with the partially purified enzyme from erythrocytes. 8. Results of hybridization studies with @entity2353 phosphorylase from @entity1 foetal liver suggest that the @entity95 enzyme is also a trimer.

title: Partial purification and properties of purine XXXX phosphorylase from @entity95 erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity8865 :: ('MESH:D004228', 'Chemical') :: ["5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)"]

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity2353 :: (CHEBI:33838,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: In pituitary gonadotropes, @entity172 have biphasic actions to cause an initial negative feedback followed by a positive feedback on LH secretion, but the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. To investigate the feedback effects of @entity172 , we used mixed ovine pituitary cell cultures (48-72 h), which were treated with 10(-9) M @entity53 -17beta (E(2)) or vehicle followed by a pulse of 10(-9) M @entity1176 . Medium was collected for LH assay and cells extracted to determine activation of MAPK (phosphorylated @entity1366 ). E(2) treatment for 5 min reduced @entity1176 -induced LH release and caused phosphorylation of @entity1366 . E(2) alone also caused phosphorylation of @entity1366 , similar to the response evoked by @entity1176 alone. @entity1176 increased cytoplasmic intracellular free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) and this was abolished by 2 min pretreatment with E(2) or E-bovine serum albumen conjugate. Blockade of @entity141 channels with @entity594 had no effect on the initial peak of @entity1176 -induced increase in [ @entity141 ](i) but reduced its duration by 27 +/- 6%. Depletion of intracellular @entity141 stores with @entity2426 prevented @entity1176 -induced increase in [ @entity141 ](i). @entity2426 (10(-7) M) or @entity594 (10(-5) M) pretreatment (15 min) of cells lowered @entity1176 -induced LH secretion by 30 +/- 6 and 50% +/- 4%, respectively. We conclude that inhibition of the @entity1176 -induced increase in [ @entity141 ](i) in gonadotropes by E(2) is a likely mechanism for the negative feedback effect of E(2) on LH secretion involving a rapid nongenomic effect of E(2). Activation of the MAPK pathway by E(2) may be the mechanism for the time-delayed positive feedback effect on LH secretion at the level of the gonadotrope.

title: @entity53 -17beta inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced XXXX in gonadotropes to regulate negative feedback on luteinizing hormone release.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin', 'thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: The Oral @entity175 in @entity170 (ORACAL) study was a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active- and placebo-controlled, multiple-dose, phase 3 study to assess the efficacy and safety of oral recombinant @entity175 for treatment of @entity170 . A total of 565 @entity1 age 46 to 86 (mean 66.5) years were randomized (4:3:2) to receive oral recombinant salmon @entity175 (rsCT) tablets (0.2    mg/d) plus placebo nasal spray, synthetic salmon @entity175 (ssCT) nasal spray (200 IU/d) plus placebo tablets, or placebo (placebo tablets plus placebo nasal spray), respectively for 48 weeks. All @entity1 received @entity460 (>= 1000    mg/d) and @entity560 (800 IU/d). @entity1 randomized to oral rsCT had a mean        SD percent increase from baseline in lumbar spine @entity79 ( @entity79 ) (1.5%        3.2%) that was greater than those randomized to ssCT nasal spray (0.78%        2.9%) or placebo (0.5%        3.2%). Lumbar spine @entity79 change in those receiving nasal @entity175 did not differ from placebo. Oral rsCT treatment also resulted in greater improvements in trochanteric and total proximal femur @entity79 than ssCT nasal spray. Reductions in bone resorption markers with oral rsCT were greater than those observed in ssCT nasal spray or placebo recipients. Approximately 80% of subjects in each treatment group experienced an adverse event, the majority of which were mild or moderate in intensity. Gastrointestinal system adverse events were reported by nearly one-half of @entity1 in all treatment groups and were the principal reason for premature withdrawals. Less than 10% of @entity1 experienced a serious adverse event and no @entity204 occurred. Overall, oral rsCT was superior to nasal ssCT and placebo for increasing @entity79 and @entity79 . Oral rsCT was safe and as well tolerated as ssCT nasal spray or placebo. Oral @entity175 may provide an additional treatment alternative for @entity1 with @entity170 .

title: A phase 3 trial of the efficacy and safety of oral recombinant XXXX : the Oral @entity175 in @entity170 (ORACAL) trial.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin', 'calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Postmenopausal Osteoporosis', 'postmenopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'reducing bone turnover', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity175 :: (MESH:D002116,Chemical) :: ['calcitonin']


abstract: We report a 48-year-old female who presented limb-girdle type @entity1737 with @entity55 and @entity309 . She demonstrated a rapidly progressive @entity425 of @entity1746 . Neurological examination revealed @entity425 , and proximal dominant limb @entity2057 and @entity425 . @entity1736 , @entity4610 , and @entity10296 were not observed. The @entity4560 test and serum anti- @entity934 receptor antibody were positive. The repetitive nerve stimulation showed 55% waning in the thenar muscles. From these findings, she was diagnosed as having @entity1737 . Plain chest X-P and body CT showed @entity5 -like lesions in the lung. Lung biopsy revealed the infiltration of lymphocytes. These lesions decreased in size after thymectomy and corticosteroid administration. Immediately after thymectomy, she began to have morning stiffness with @entity158 . RAHA test, which was negative before thymectomy, became highly positive. These findings were consistent with @entity309 . In this @entity1 , thymus probably played a role to suppress the development of @entity309 .

title: [A case of limb-girdle type XXXX in whom @entity309 appeared immediately after thymectomy].

entities_list: @entity4560 :: ('MESH:D004491', 'Chemical') :: ['edrophonium']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity10296 :: ('MESH:D010244', 'Disease') :: ['bulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['extremities']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness', 'weakness', 'facial muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and swelling of the finger and knee joints']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity58 ( @entity58 ) is an antiinflammatory cytokine that inhibits the onset and severity of @entity625 ( @entity625 ). To distinguish the role of @entity58 in the innate immune response versus the adaptive immune response, we generated @entity19 with a specific deletion of the @entity13838 ( @entity13838 ) in macrophages and neutrophils. METHODS: To obtain @entity19 in which @entity13838 is deleted in macrophages and neutrophils, we intercrossed @entity19 carrying a loxP-flanked (floxed) @entity13838 allele and Cre recombinase expressed under control of the regulatory region for the lysozyme M gene ( @entity30562 (cre) @entity19 ) with conditional @entity13838 (flox/flox) @entity19 and then mated them to complete @entity13838 (-/-) @entity19 to obtain hemizygous @entity30562 (cre) @entity13838 (flox/-) @entity19 . @entity30562 (cre)-negative @entity13838 (flox/-) @entity19 ( @entity13838 (flox/-) @entity19 ) were used as control @entity19 . @entity625 was induced by immunization with @entity1 PG in adjuvant. The onset, incidence, and severity of @entity625 were monitored over time. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured in the sera of PG-immunized @entity19 , and cytokine and chemokine transcripts were measured in joints. RESULTS: The severity of @entity625 was exacerbated in @entity13838 (-/-) and @entity30562 (cre) @entity13838 (flox/-) @entity19 in comparison with control ( @entity13838 (flox/-)) @entity19 . The increase in @entity625 susceptibility in @entity13838 (-/-) and @entity30562 (cre) @entity13838 (flox/-) @entity19 correlated with elevated serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines @entity635 and @entity777 and with elevated cytokine ( @entity635 and @entity777 ) and chemokine ( @entity12427 [ @entity12427 ] and @entity9701 ) transcripts from joints. However, @entity625 susceptibility did not correlate with @entity2047 or @entity60 ( @entity60 ) concentrations or with PG-specific antibody @entity9749 isotype, since levels of @entity2047 , @entity60 , or PG-specific antibody @entity9749 isotype in control ( @entity13838 (flox/-)) and @entity30562 (cre) @entity13838 (flox/-) @entity19 were reduced in comparison with those in @entity13838 (-/-) @entity19 . CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that @entity58 functions as a major antiinflammatory cytokine in @entity625 by governing the activity of macrophages/neutrophils and less so by controlling T cell activity and autoantibody isotype expression.

title: @entity58 regulates XXXX by specifically suppressing the innate immune response.

entities_list: @entity12427 :: ('20302(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha', 'MIP-1alpha']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['PGIA', 'proteoglycan-induced arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFNgamma']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['proteoglycan-induced arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Enthesitis-related @entity625 (ERA) is associated with the increase in frequency of Th17 cells and synovial fluid @entity4155 levels. Recently, @entity8252 and @entity8923 has been shown to augment and @entity20300 to suppress @entity4155 production in @entity792 , and thus we studied these cytokines in ERA patients. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 55 @entity1 with ERA, 21 with other categories of JIA and 21 healthy controls. 19 paired synovial fluid samples were also collected from ERA @entity1 . @entity4155 , @entity4452 , @entity8252 , @entity8923 and @entity20300 levels were measured by ELISA and Th17 frequency was assessed by flow cytometry. @entity4452 levels and Th17 frequency was done in subsets of @entity1 . RESULTS: The median disease duration was 36 months in ERA and 24 months in other JIA subjects. No difference was found in serum levels of @entity4155 , @entity4452 , @entity8252 and @entity8923 between ERA and controls whereas the median @entity20300 serum levels were decreased in ERA (107.94 pg/ml (<64-444.40 pg/ml)) as compared to healthy controls (267.28 pg/ml (80.90-492.15 pg/ml); p=0.008). In ERA, synovial fluid levels of @entity4155 , @entity8252 and @entity8923 were significantly increased but @entity20300 levels were significantly decreased as compared to serum levels. Synovial @entity20300 levels correlated negatively with Th17 cell frequency (n=11; r=-0.651, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4155 and its supporting cytokines @entity8252 and @entity8923 are increased whereas its regulatory cytokine @entity20300 is decreased in synovial compartment, thus the balance is tilted in favour of @entity4155 production. Strategies to increase @entity20300 may have therapeutic potential in controlling @entity32 at local site.

title: @entity20300 levels are low in enthesitis-related XXXX category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: Ten oophorectomized @entity1 (ranging in age from 27 to 45 years, having a mean age of 34.5 years with a standard deviation of 5.3) were given three different progestogens ( @entity6692 , @entity8098 and @entity7839 ) in treatment periods of 3 weeks' duration immediately preceded by 3 weeks "wash out" periods. Venous blood samples were drawn before and after each treatment period. Free and total @entity165 , @entity1674 and phospholipids were determined in the three lipoprotein fractions: Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Individual phosphatides were determined after thin layer chromatography. In addition, the relative @entity844 composition of serum lecithin and @entity8557 were assessed by gas-liquid-chromatography. Both @entity8098 and @entity6692 caused a decrease in alpha-lipoprotein @entity165 . The relative @entity844 composition of serum lecithin revealed an increase of biochemical pathway 1 for liver lecithin synthesis on @entity6692 and @entity8098 but no major changes on @entity7839 . With @entity6692 an increase in serum-lysolecithin concomitant with a decrease in lecithin was observed, while the two other @entity7828 did not induce any significant changes. From the present data it is suggested that the @entity34746 derivatives, @entity8098 and especially @entity6692 , have @entity342 -like influences on lipid metabolism. @entity7839 , being a @entity4418 , caused less changes and consequently less disturbance of lipid metabolism.

title: Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomized XXXX . Effects of three different progestogens.

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity34746 :: ('CHEBI:7627', 'Chemical') :: ['19-norethisterone']

entities_list: @entity7839 :: ('MESH:D008525', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone', 'Medroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity6692 :: ('MESH:D009644', 'Chemical') :: ['norgestrel']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestogens']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']