abstract: PURPOSE: Few biologic markers have been studied as prognostic factors in recurrent @entity189 @entity1 . We sought to determine the influence of clinical, pathologic, and biologic ( @entity876 , @entity588 , and ki-67) variables on survival after curative resection of locally recurrent @entity5 . METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity5 who received surgery with curative intent. RESULTS: From 1988 to 1998, 134 @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity5 underwent operative exploration. Curative resection was performed in 85 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 43 (range, 1.3-149) months. On multivariate analysis, negative predictors of overall survival included an elevated carcinoembryonic antigen level (P=0.02; hazard ratio 2.41; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.19-4.89) and an R1 resection margin (P = 0.01; hazard ratio, 2.81; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.27-6.21). In 26 @entity1 for whom biologic variables were available, @entity876 , @entity588 , and ki-67 did not significantly impact disease-specific survival or overall survival. Five-year disease-specific survival, overall survival, and pelvic control rates were 46, 36, and 51 percent respectively. Of the 50 @entity1 who relapsed, time to second local recurrence was longer than time to development of @entity3 (median, 16.5 vs. 9 months). Median survival for @entity1 with metastatic recurrence was 26.l vs. 41.5 months for those with a subsequent local recurrence alone. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately two-thirds of @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity5 can be resected for cure. Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen and an R0 resection margin were the only significant predictors of overall survival. @entity876 , @entity588 , and ki-67 did not impact survival outcomes.

title: Outcome after curative resection for locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Five Finnish ruminally cannulated Ayrshire @entity291 were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square trial with 14-d periods to determine whether branched-chain @entity1522 (AA) are the second- or colimiting AA for @entity14569 synthesis on grass silage-cereal based diet. Mammary metabolism of AA as well as AA supply from the basal diet were also studied. Grass silage (17.5% crude protein) was given ad libitum with 9 kg/d as a cereal-based concentrate (13.8% crude protein). Treatments were basal diet without AA infusion (Control), abomasal infusion of AA mixture of His, Ile, Leu, and @entity2596 at 8.5, 14.9,27.9, and 18.3 g/d, respectively, AA mixture minus Ile, AA mixture minus Leu, and AA mixture minus @entity2596 . @entity413 was infused on all treatments at 250 g/d. @entity535 infusions had no effect on dry matter intake (mean 19.2 kg/d), yields of milk (mean 25.3 kg/d), energy-corrected milk (mean 25.9 kg/d), @entity14569 (mean 807 g/d), @entity1132 (mean 1261 g/d), or fat (mean 1056 g/d). Milk composition was not affected by the treatments. Plasma concentrations of His and @entity2596 responded to AA infusions but concentration of Ile increased only on treatment AA mixture minus Leu, and concentration of Leu only on treatment AA mixture minus Ile. Infusion of AA mixture of His, Ile, Leu, and @entity2596 decreased plasma concentrations of @entity534 , Lys, Met, @entity815 , and Tyr. @entity535 infusions did not affect concentrations of plasma @entity1133 and energy metabolites or AA utilization by the mammary gland. Based on unchanged production parameters, the supply of His or branched-chain AA seemed not to be limiting under the current dietary conditions. Changes in plasma AA concentrations suggest either antagonism between individual AA in absorption or increased partitioning of AA into the muscle tissues. About 75% of omasal canal nonammonia @entity1568 flow (427 g/d) was of microbial origin, and AA profiles of microbial protein and omasal canal digesta were fairly similar. Postruminal AA supply seems to be dependent on the basal diet, but variation may exist even within the similar basal diets.

title: Evaluation of isoleucine, leucine, and valine as a second-limiting XXXX for milk production in dairy @entity291 fed grass silage diet.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Endothelial @entity413 transporter 1 ( @entity1365 ) is a definitive and diagnostic marker for @entity7492 ( @entity7492 ), a @entity5 of infancy. To date, @entity1365 -positive endothelial cells in @entity7492 have not been quantified nor directly isolated and studied. We isolated @entity1365 -positive and @entity1365 -negative endothelial cells from @entity7492 specimens and characterized their proliferation, differentiation, and response to @entity1169 , a first-line therapy for @entity7492 , and to @entity3446 , an @entity3470 pathway inhibitor used to treat an increasingly wide array of @entity74 . Although freshly isolated @entity1365 -positive cells, selected using anti- @entity1365 magnetic beads, expressed endothelial markers @entity2279 , @entity3545 , and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, they converted to a mesenchymal phenotype after 3 weeks in culture. In contrast, @entity1365 -negative endothelial cells exhibited a stable endothelial phenotype in vitro. @entity1365 -selected cells were clonogenic when plated as single cells and could be induced to redifferentiate into endothelial cells, or into pericytes/smooth muscle cells or into adipocytes, indicating a stem cell-like phenotype. These data demonstrate that, although they appear and function in the @entity5 as bona fide endothelial cells, the @entity1365 -positive endothelial cells display properties of facultative stem cells. Pretreatment with @entity3446 for 4 days significantly slowed proliferation of @entity1365 -selected cells, whereas @entity1169 pretreatment had no effect. These results reveal for the first time the facultative nature of @entity1365 -positive endothelial cells in @entity7492 . Stem Cells 2015;33:133-145.

title: XXXX transporter 1-positive endothelial cells in @entity7492 exhibit features of facultative stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'infantile hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate online/offline image-guided/adaptive treatment techniques for @entity263 radiation therapy with daily cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Three treatment techniques were evaluated retrospectively using daily pre- and posttreatment CBCT images on 22 @entity263 @entity1 . Prostate, seminal vesicles (SV), rectal wall, and bladder were delineated on all CBCT images. For each @entity1 , a pretreatment intensity modulated radiation therapy plan with clinical target volume (CTV)  =  prostate  +  SV and planning target volume ( @entity343 )  =  CTV  +  3  mm was created. The 3 treatment techniques were as follows: (1) Daily Correction: The pretreatment intensity modulated radiation therapy plan was delivered after online CBCT imaging, and position correction; (2) Online Planning: Daily online inverse plans with 3-mm CTV-to- @entity343 margin were created using online CBCT images, and delivered; and (3) Hybrid Adaption: Daily Correction plus an offline adaptive inverse planning performed after the first week of treatment. The adaptive plan was delivered for all remaining 15 fractions. Treatment dose for each technique was constructed using the daily posttreatment CBCT images via deformable image registration. Evaluation was performed using treatment dose distribution in target and critical organs. RESULTS: Treatment equivalent uniform dose (EUD) for the CTV was within [85.6%, 100.8%] of the pretreatment planned target EUD for Daily Correction; [98.7%, 103.0%] for Online  Planning; and [99.2%, 103.4%] for Hybrid Adaptation. Eighteen percent of the 22 @entity1 in Daily Correction had a @entity942 >5%. For rectal wall, the mean      SD of the normalized EUD was 102.6%      2.7% for Daily Correction, 99.9%      2.5% for Online Planning, and 100.6%      2.1% for Hybrid Adaptation. The mean      SD of the normalized bladder EUD was 108.7%      8.2% for Daily Correction, 92.7%      8.6% for Online Planning, and 89.4%      10.8% for Hybrid Adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: Both Online Planning and Hybrid Adaptation can achieve comparable target coverage and normal tissue sparing and are superior to the Daily Correction technique. The Daily Correction technique using a 3-mm target margin in the pretreatment plan is not appropriate to compensate for residual variations in CBCT image-guided @entity263 radiation therapy.

title: Evaluation of Online/Offline Image Guidance/Adaptation Approaches for XXXX Radiation Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['target dose deficiency']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: The @entity143 receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel complex, has been reported to be involved in memory processes. Learning is impaired following administration of @entity3390 , a non-competitive antagonist of the @entity143 receptor. @entity4663 , such as @entity8037 and @entity11667 , interact with the @entity143 receptor to enhance binding of @entity3390 , which blocks the ion channel. The present study assessed action of @entity4663 as modulators of learning via @entity143 receptor activation. @entity3390 (0.05 mg/kg) was given i.p. before maze learning, at a dose that produced a slight, nonsignificant impairment of maze learning. Pretreatment with 80 mg/kg but not 15 or 40 mg/kg @entity11667 (i.p.) before @entity3390 impaired maze learning compared to saline controls. Administration of 80 mg/kg @entity11667 without @entity3390 did not impair maze learning. The results are consistent with the view that systemic injection of a @entity4664 can modulate learning processes involving the @entity143 receptor.

title: @entity11667 potentiates XXXX -induced impairment of learning performance by rats in a 14-unit T-maze.

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyamines', 'polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity3390 :: ('MESH:D016291', 'Chemical') :: ['Dizocilpine', 'dizocilpine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity3390 :: (MESH:D016291,Chemical) :: ['dizocilpine']


abstract: @entity279 are technically challenging lesions. The authors retrospectively analyzed their experience in 24 @entity1 with @entity279 to evaluate the management strategies used over time and the results of microsurgical treatment. All @entity1 were operated on between 2007 and 2012. The @entity1 received postoperative follow-up by neuroradiological and neurological examinations. The maximum diameter of the @entity5 ranged from 2.0 to 4.5 cm (mean 3.6 cm). Gross total resection was achieved in 24 @entity1 (100%). Two @entity1 (8%) had new @entity51 or worsening of pre-existing deficits. One @entity1 (4%) died because of @entity75 after the operation. Radical en bloc surgical resection of @entity279 in symptomatic @entity1 is a safe and effective primary treatment. Preoperative embolization is not necessary. It is very important and necessary to differentiate and dissect precisely at the interface of the @entity5 surface and the brainstem with a meticulous microsurgical technique until the @entity5 is removed en bloc. The preoperative neurological status of the @entity1 predicts the postoperative functional outcome. Asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity279 may be followed clinically with MRI surveillance at regular intervals.

title: Operative management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioblastoma', 'brainstem hemangioblastomas', 'Brainstem hemangioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity279 :: (MESH:D018325,Disease) :: ['brainstem hemangioblastomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of keratoprosthesis as an alternative surgical procedure in the management of @entity2372 . DESIGN: Retrospective, multicenter case series. METHODS: Fifteen adult @entity1 (16 eyes) with @entity6716 who were deemed at high risk for regular donor corneal transplantation underwent a Boston type I keratoprosthesis procedure for visual rehabilitation. Device retention rate, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, and intraoperative and @entity260 were studied. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 45 (median 50) years. Six of the @entity1 were females. Eleven @entity1 had previously undergone donor corneal transplantations (average two grafts), with failure. In 10 @entity1 , the keratoprosthesis surgery was combined with other procedures such as @entity231 extraction, tube shunt implantation, vitrectomy, and intraocular lens removal. No intraoperative complications were encountered. The follow-up ranged from two months to 85 months, with a median of 17 months. All devices remained in situ throughout the entire follow-up period. The visual acuity improved in all but one @entity1 from a median of counting fingers (light perception to 20/300) to 20/200 (hand motions to 20/60). Comorbid preoperative conditions particularly optic nerve and @entity2070 limited the @entity227 . No @entity3225 or extrusion of the device occurred. One device required repair procedure without necessitating a removal. CONCLUSIONS: Keratoprosthesis offers significant vision benefits in this @entity1 group.

title: Outcomes of Boston keratoprosthesis in XXXX : a retrospective multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['final postoperative vision']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['aniridic keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['foveal hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity6716 :: (MESH:D015783,Disease) :: ['aniridia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7244 ( @entity7244 ) is very common in octo- and nonagenarians, especially in the Chinese population, and is likely the most common cause of @entity64 recurrence worldwide. Clinical trials demonstrate that endovascular treatment, such as stenting, may not be suitable for octogenarians with @entity262 . Hence, less invasive methods for the octogenarian @entity1 are urgently needed. Our previous study (unique identifier: NCT01321749) showed that repetitive bilateral arm @entity63 preconditioning (BAIPC) reduced the incidence of @entity64 recurrence by improving cerebral perfusion (confirmed by single photon emission computed tomography and transcranial Doppler sonography) in @entity1 younger than 80  years of age; however, the safety and effectiveness of BAIPC on @entity64 prevention in octo- and nonagenarians with @entity7244 are still unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of BAIPC in reducing @entity64 recurrence in octo- and nonagenarian @entity1 with @entity7244 . Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity7244 were enrolled in this randomized controlled prospective study for 180 consecutive days. All @entity1 enrolled in the study received standard medical management. @entity1 in the BAIPC group (n   =   30) underwent 5  cycles consisting of bilateral arm @entity63 followed by reperfusion for 5  min each twice daily. Those in the control group (n   =   28) underwent sham-BAIPC twice daily. Blood pressure, heart rate, local skin status, plasma myoglobin, and plasma levels of @entity715 and inflammatory markers were documented in both groups before beginning the study and for the first 30  days. Finally, the incidences of @entity64 recurrence and magnetic resonance imaging during the 180  days of treatment were compared. Compared with the control, BAIPC had no adverse effects on blood pressure, heart rate, local skin integrity, or plasma myoglobin, and did not induce @entity1779 in the studied cohort. BAIPC reduced plasma high sensitive @entity1851 , @entity650 , @entity2289 , leukocyte count, and @entity1423 rate and elevated plasma tissue plasminogen activator (all p   <   0.01). In 180  days, 2 @entity1188 and 7 transient @entity63 attacks were observed in the BAIPC group compared with 8 @entity1188 and 11 transient @entity63 attacks in the sham BAIPC group (p   <   0.05). BAIPC may safely inhibit @entity64 recurrence, protect against @entity2806 , and ameliorate plasma biomarkers of @entity32 and coagulation in octo- and nonagenarians with @entity7244 . A multicenter trial is ongoing. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov , unique identifier: NCT01570231.

title: Ischemic Conditioning Is Safe and Effective for Octo- and Nonagenarians in XXXX Prevention and Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['SIAS', 'Symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Progression of @entity135 is always associated with changes of gene expression profile. In this study, we characterized the expression of multidrug-resistance @entity1262 gene, which may play a role in tumorigenesis and multidrug resistance in @entity135 . A TaqMan one-step RT-PCR with a linear range for quantification across at least a 5 log scale of concentration of @entity1262 mRNA was designed to determine the level of @entity1262 expression in 50 pairs of normal vs. malignant head and neck tissues. Both the absolute level of @entity1262 mRNA in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and the relative @entity1262 expression between @entity5 and its normal counterpart ( @entity5 /N) were measured and their associations with several clinical variables were analyzed. Among the clinical variables analyzed, only the clinical stage of @entity5 was found to be associated with @entity1262 expression. The distribution of clinical stages differed significantly (P<0.01) among the 27 specimens that had a @entity5 /N>1, with 59.3%, 22.2%, 14.8% and 3.7% in stage IV, III, II, and I, respectively. In addition, 76% of stage IV and 75% of @entity5 had a @entity5 /N>1 compared to 25% of stage II and 20% of stage I @entity5 (P=0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also indicated a significant difference of @entity1262 expression between the early (I and II) and advanced (III and IV) stages @entity5 . The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.477 (1.084 - 2.012) and 1.001 (1.000-1.002) for @entity5 /N (P<0.05) and @entity5 (P<0.05) treated as continuous variables, and 15.521 (3.414-70.550) and 5.074 (1.154-22.311) for @entity5 (P<0.05) treated as binary variables, respectively. Taken together, the data presented here indicated that real-time RT-PCR provides a quantitative way to monitor @entity1262 gene expression. The differential expression of @entity1262 between early and advanced stages of @entity135 may shed light on the process of tumorigenicity and offer clues to the planning of new treatments.

title: Quantitative analysis of multidrug-resistance XXXX gene expression in @entity135 by real-time RT-PCR.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T', 'stage III tumors', 'T/N (P<0.001) and T', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['mdr1']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with @entity472 , which is considered as an @entity731 -like process. The study aim was to assess the effect of cardiovascular risk factors on early and late outcome after valve replacement with a bioprosthesis for @entity472 ( @entity472 ), and the impact of these factors on the outcome of the bioprosthesis. METHODS: Preoperative clinical, biological and echocardiographic data were recorded in 222 @entity1 (110 males, 112 females; mean age 73 +/- 8 years) who underwent surgery for severe @entity472 between 1989 and 1993. The mean follow up was 7.3 +/- 4.7 years; total follow up was 1,621 @entity1 -years (pt-yr). RESULTS: Overall 12-year actuarial survival rate was 36.1%. Independent predictors of mortality were age (hazards ratio (HR) 1.11; 95% CI: 1.08-1.14, p < 0.0001), @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (HR 2.53; 95% CI: 1.65-3.88, p < 0.0001), male gender (HR 2.17; 95% CI: 1.53-3.12, p < 0.0001), and NYHA class (HR 1.66; 95% CI: 1.17-2.34, p = 0.004). Other cardiovascular risk factors had no significant effect on survival. @entity6 and NYHA class were also independent predictive factors for valve-related death and overall valve-related complications. The 12-year actuarial survival was 13% in @entity6 @entity1 compared to 38% in non- @entity6 @entity1 (p = 0.003), with a significant @entity65 (p = 0.0028), and a non-significant increase in @entity1031 events (p = 0.08) in @entity6 @entity1 . The only independent predictive risk factor of structural @entity712 in multivariate analysis was @entity177 (HR 1.1, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16, p = 0.047). Cardiovascular risk factors such as @entity1007 , @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity286 smoking and @entity28 had no effect on the outcome of the bioprosthesis. CONCLUSION: Age, male gender, @entity6 and NYHA class were the main predictors for long-term mortality after bioprosthesis implantation for @entity472 . @entity6 significantly impaired survival, with an excess of @entity65 and @entity1031 events. Other cardiovascular risk factors had no significant effect on either survival or bioprosthesis durability.

title: Cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of early and late survival after bioprosthetic valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['valve failure']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis', 'aortic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['increase in cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular deaths']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: X. sorbifolia is a widely cultivated ecologicalcrop in the north of China which is used to produce biodiesel fuel. It also possesses special medicinal value and has attracted keen interests of researchers to explore its bioactivity. PURPOSE: To extract the total @entity43139 from the husk of X. sorbifolia ( @entity66444 ) and investigate its effects on @entity195 ( @entity195 ). STUDY DESIGN: @entity66444 was prepared via modern extraction techniques. Its effects on two @entity195 animal models, as well as the preliminary mechanism were investigated comprehensively. METHODS: The behavioral experiments including Y maze test, Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test were performed to observe the learning and memory abilities of the animals. ELISA assays, transmission electron microscope observation and Western blotting were employed in mechanism study. RESULTS: @entity66444 , the main composition of X. sorbifolia, accounted for 88.77% in the plant material. It could significantly increase the spontaneous alternation in Y maze test (F (6, 65)=3.209, P<0.01), prolong the swimming time in the fourth quadrant in probe test of Morris water maze test (F (6, 71)=4.019, P<0.01), and increase the escape latency in passive avoidance test (F (6, 65)=3.684, P<0.01) in @entity195 model animals. The preliminary mechanism research revealed that @entity66444 could significantly increase the contents of hippocampal Ach and @entity4268 , and enhance activity of @entity4268 in hippocampus of @entity8113 injected @entity35 (F (5, 61)=3.915, P 0.01; F (5, 61)=3.623, P<0.01, F (5, 61)=4.344, P<0.01, respectively). It could also increase the activities of T-AOC and T-SOD, and decrease the content of @entity1865 in hippocampus of Ab1-42 injected @entity19 (F (5, 30)=5.193, P<0.01, F (5, 30)=2.865, P<0.05, F (5, 30)=4.735, P<0.01, respectively). Moreover, it significantly increased the expressions of @entity20099 , @entity29241 and @entity9270 in hippocampus (F (4, 27)=3.495, P<0.05; F (4, 27)=2.965, P<0.05; F (4, 27)=4.365, P<0.01, respectively), and improved the synaptic ultra-structure damage in model @entity35 . CONCLUSION: @entity66444 could significantly improve the @entity73 . The preliminary mechanism might associate with its protection effects against @entity66 and @entity16 . @entity66444 are perfectly suitable for @entity195 @entity1 as medicine or functional food, which would be a new candidate to treat @entity195 .

title: The total XXXX of Xanthoceras sorbifolia improve learning and memory impairments through against oxidative stress and @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oxidative stress damage, cholinergic system deficiency']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments of learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['synaptic damage']

entities_list: @entity43139 :: ('CHEBI:61778', 'Chemical') :: ['triterpenoid saponins']

entities_list: @entity8113 :: ('MESH:D017378', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolinic acid']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity43139 :: (CHEBI:61778,Chemical) :: ['triterpenoid saponins']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as @entity3352 produce damage in the small intestine as a major adverse reaction. We examined the effect of various NSAIDs on intestinal motility and investigated the pathogenic importance of motility changes in the intestinal ulcerogenic response to @entity3352 in @entity35 . METHODS: Animals without fasting were given various NSAIDs ( @entity3352 10 mg/kg, @entity3522 40 mg/kg, @entity8726 20 mg/kg, @entity1623 40 mg/kg) s.c., and in the case of @entity3352 , the following parameters were examined in the small intestine 24 h later; the lesion score, the number of enterobacteria and @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) as well as inducible @entity842 (iNOS) activity. Intestinal motility was monitored as intraluminal pressure recordings using a balloon under anesthesia. RESULTS: All NSAIDs tested decreased mucosal @entity1421 levels and produced @entity548 in the small intestine, accompanied by @entity1944 . As representative of NSAIDs, @entity3352 also increased the extent of enterobacterial invasion and @entity1589 as well as iNOS activity before the occurrence of @entity16 , and the hypermotility response was observed earlier than the onset of any other event caused by this agent. The @entity1944 induced by @entity3352 were prevented by either supplementation with dmPGE(2), inhibition of bacterial invasion with @entity869 or inhibition of iNOS activity with @entity5118 , while the hypermotility response was prevented by dmPGE(2) only. In addition, the observed effects of dmPGE(2) were all mimicked by @entity3897 when the @entity1944 was suppressed by this agent. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the pathogenic importance of @entity1944 in the intestinal ulcerogenic response to NSAIDs in @entity35 and show that this event is critical for the occurrence of enterobacterial invasion under @entity942 , followed by various inflammatory changes and damage in the mucosa. This study also suggests that the antispasmodic drug is protective against NSAID-induced @entity1944 .

title: Pathogenic importance of @entity1944 in NSAID-induced small @entity16 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lesions', 'intestinal hypermotility']

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal damage']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['PG deficiency']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the neurologic and @entity51 in @entity1 with @entity1313 ( @entity1313 ), compare incidence of these deficits with that of a sibling control group, and evaluate the factors associated with the development of these deficits. @entity1 AND METHODS: Detailed questionnaires were completed on 1,607 @entity1 diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 with a primary @entity5 . @entity51 were assessed and results compared with those of a sibling control group. Medical records on all @entity1 were abstracted, including radiotherapy dose and volume. RESULTS: Seventeen percent of @entity1 developed @entity73 . Relative to the sibling comparison group, @entity1 surviving @entity1313 were at elevated risk for @entity393 (relative risk [RR], 17.3; P = <.0001), @entity1939 (RR, 14.8; P = <.0001), @entity231 (RR, 11.9; P = <.0001), and @entity892 (RR, 8.8; P = <.0001). Radiation exposure greater than 50 Gy to the posterior fossa was associated with a higher likelihood of developing any @entity393 . Coordination and motor control problems were reported in 49% and 26%, respectively, of survivors. @entity1 receiving at least 50 Gy to the frontal brain regions had a moderately elevated risk for motor problems (RR, 2.0; P <.05). @entity302 were reported in 25% of @entity1 , including 6.5% who had a late first occurrence. Radiation dose of 30 Gy or more to any cortical segment of the brain was associated with a two-fold elevated risk for a late @entity302 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 surviving @entity1313 are at significant risk for both early and late neurologic or @entity55919 . These sequelae need to be prospectively monitored.

title: Long-term neurologic and @entity55919 in adult survivors of a childhood @entity1313 : childhood XXXX survivor study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['BTs', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CNS tumor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity55919 :: ('MESH:C565606', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory sequelae']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal blindness in one or both eyes']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurosensory and neurologic dysfunctions', 'neurosensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder', 'Seizure disorders']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['double vision']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment', 'hearing impairments']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: This meta-analysis examined the efficacy of different dosing regimens containing rituximab (RTX) in treating @entity7271 . The analysis included 578 @entity1 with @entity7271 from 30 studies. Seventy-six percent of @entity1 achieved complete remission (CR) after 1 cycle of RTX. Mean time to remission was 5.8 months, with a remission duration of 14.5 months and a 40% relapse rate. Eighteen @entity1 (3.3%) developed serious adverse effects. The pooled estimate showed no significant differences in CR and relapse rates between @entity1 treated with high-dose (near or >=    2,000 mg/cycle) vs. low-dose (<   1,500 mg/cycle) RTX. In the fully adjusted analysis, high-dose RTX was associated with longer duration of CR compared with low-dose RTX. No superiority of lymphoma protocol over @entity309 or high-dose RTX over low-dose RTX was shown in other outcomes. RTX treatment is efficacious and well-tolerated in treating @entity7271 . High-dose RTX treatment may lead to longer duration of remission. However, the choice of optimal regimen depends on the overall condition of the individual @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of rituximab for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of different regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus']


abstract: Stressful experiences, glucocorticoids hormones and dopaminergic neurons seems to interact in determining a higher propensity to develop @entity734 . In this report, we studied the acute interaction between these three factors. For this purpose, we compared stress-induced @entity935 release in intact @entity35 and in @entity35 in which stress-induced @entity2819 secretion was experimentally blocked. Ten-minute tail-pinch was used as a stressor and @entity935 release estimated in the nucleus accumbens by using the microdialysis technique. Individual differences were also taken into account by comparing @entity35 identified as either predisposed (HRs) or resistant (LRs) to develop self-administration of drugs of abuse, on the basis of their locomotor response to novelty. It was found that suppression of stress-induced @entity2819 secretion significantly decreased stress-induced @entity935 release. However, such an effect greatly differed between HR and LR @entity35 . When @entity2819 secretion was intact HR animals had a higher and longer @entity935 release in response to stress than LRs. The blockade of stress-induced @entity2819 secretion selectively reduced the dopaminergic response of HRs that did not differ from LRs anymore. These findings strength the idea that glucocorticoids could be involved in determining propensity to develop drug self-administration. In particular, these hormones could play a role in determining the higher dopaminergic activity that characterizes drug proned individuals.

title: Individual differences in stress-induced XXXX release in the nucleus accumbens are influenced by @entity2819 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine if common polymorphisms in @entity7106 , @entity22826 , @entity28963 , and @entity1262 are associated with differential short term @entity410 outcome in @entity2048 ( @entity2048 ). METHODS: 446 @entity2048 @entity1 in a randomized double blind trial of @entity17979 , @entity2812 and @entity1092 had short term @entity410 outcome determined. Associations between polymorphisms (minor allele frequency >= 15%) in four genes and @entity410 outcomes were assessed. In vitro electrophysiology on transfected @entity22826 channels determined impact of one variant on T-type @entity460 channel responsiveness to @entity17979 . RESULTS: 80% (357/446) of subjects had informative short term @entity410 status (242 @entity410 free, 115 not @entity410 free). In @entity17979 subjects, two polymorphisms ( @entity22826 @entity67350 / @entity67351 , @entity28963 @entity67352 ) appeared more commonly among not @entity410 free @entity1 (p=0.011; Odds Ratio (OR):2.63; 95% Confidence limits (CL):1.25-5.56, p=0.026; OR:2.38; 95%CL:1.11-5.00). In lamotrigine subjects, one @entity1262 missense polymorphism ( @entity18597 / @entity67353 , p=0.015; OR:2.22; 95%CL:1.16-4.17) was more common in not @entity410 free @entity1 , two @entity22826 polymorphisms ( @entity67354 , @entity67355 ) were more common in @entity410 free @entity1 (p=0.038; OR:0.52; 95%CL:0.28-0.96). In valproate subjects, no common polymorphisms associated with @entity410 status. In vitro electrophysiological studies showed no effect of the @entity67351 polymorphism on channel physiology in @entity17979 's absence. @entity17979 's effect on rate of decay of @entity3895 3.2 was significantly less for @entity67351 channel compared to wild type channel. INTERPRETATION: Four T-type @entity460 channel variants and one @entity1262 transporter variant were associated with differential drug response in @entity2048 . The in vivo @entity67351 variant's @entity17979 effect was confirmed by in vitro electrophysiological studies. This suggests genetic variation plays a role in differential @entity2048 drug response. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Pharmacogenetics of Antiepileptic Drug Efficacy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['CAE', 'Childhood Absence Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity17979 :: ('MESH:D005013', 'Chemical') :: ['ethosuximide', 'Ethosuximide']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['Childhood Absence Epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little data are available about the learning curve for robotic rectal resection. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to provide a multidimensional analysis of the learning process in @entity1 undergoing robotic total mesorectal excision for @entity5 . DESIGN: This was a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database designed to evaluate the results of robotic rectal resection. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital. @entity1 : From December 2007 to August 2012, 167 @entity1 who underwent robotic total mesorectal excision for @entity5 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A single hybrid variable including operative time, conversion, perioperative morbidity, and circumferential margin was generated to measure the success of the procedure. A moving average method for operative time and a risk-adjusted cumulative sum analysis were used to derive the learning curve. RESULTS: Overall conversion was noted in 2 cases (1.2%). The cumulative sum plot of a single hybrid variable representing the success of each operation demonstrated that the composite event was more frequent at the beginning of the series and began to decrease after 32 cases. The moving average for robotic console time decreased steadily and showed 2 plateaus; the first plateau was noted after 33 cases, and the second plateau was noted after 72 cases. The learning process was divided into 3 phases based on 2 cutoff points. The robotic console time decreased significantly with each phase (p < 0.001). @entity5 was more frequent in the later phases; however, the incidence of @entity260 remained constant throughout the series (p = 0.82). LIMITATIONS: This study is limited by a single surgeon's experience. CONCLUSIONS: The learning process for robotic total mesorectal excision has a greater effect on the first 32 cases. These results help form a basis for performance monitoring of robotic total mesorectal excision.

title: Multidimensional analysis of the learning curve for robotic total mesorectal excision for XXXX : lessons from a single surgeon's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Complicated rectal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity78 cement (CPC) is widely used as an antitumor bone-filling material. @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is recognized as an effective chemotherapy medicine. The current study examined the effects of @entity1500 on the mechanical properties and microstructure of CPC. @entity1499 -loaded CPC at mass ratios of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5% were designated as groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, and were pressed into precast cylindrical molds. Solidification time, axial compressive strength, transverse compressive strength, and rotational tensile strength were measured, and scanning electron microscopy images were captured before and after @entity1500 -CPC microstructure changes occurred. Average initial and final setting times increased gradually with increasing drug concentration, but this increase was not significant among the groups. Average axial transverse compressive strength and rotational tensile strength of groups B and C were not significantly different from those of group A (P>.05); however, there was a significant difference in these properties between groups A and D (P<.05). Scanning electron microscopy observations showed a porous crystalline structure. The addition of @entity1500 to @entity4411 does not significantly affect the basic crystal structure and setting time of CPC. Adding @entity1500 at mass ratios of 0.1% and 0.2% to CPC does not lead to a significant difference in mechanical strength and can therefore be applied in clinical practice. This study may shed some light on the future application of @entity1500 -loaded CPC in the treatment of @entity79 after @entity5 excision.

title: Effect of XXXX on the mechanical properties and microstructure of @entity78 cement.

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3562 ( @entity3562 ) is an independent risk factor of @entity65 . @entity8837 ( @entity8837 ) and the JAK/STAT pathway kinase, @entity10433 ( @entity10433 ), are involved in @entity1235 ( @entity1235 ) induction and matrix remodeling. However, their role in @entity1255 (Hcy)-mediated @entity1235 induction and matrix remodeling is unclear. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that @entity3562 and activation of the renin-angiotensin system, mediated by @entity14207 , are involved in a variety of vascular pathologies. Despite this fact, the relationship between @entity3562 and activation of the renin-angiotensin system has not been comprehensively characterized. Therefore, we hypothesized that Hcy activates @entity14207 that potentiates @entity10433 via @entity8837 phosphorylation. @entity10433 modulates target @entity1235 and collagen, resulting in @entity6980 . METHODS: @entity19 aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) were treated with various doses of Hcy for different time periods. The levels of @entity14207 , @entity8837 , @entity10433 , @entity1235 and collagen type-1 were measured by immunoblot analyses. The activation of @entity8837 and @entity10433 were determined by measuring @entity8837 phosphorylation and @entity8283 (727) @entity10433 . RESULTS: Although Hcy dose-dependently induced @entity14207 expression in the endothelial cells, a significant induction was observed at 100 microM at 48 h. We investigated @entity5784 -induced @entity8837 and @entity10433 phosphorylation through @entity19729 receptor induction, and our results suggest that Hcy activated @entity14207 which led to @entity8837 and @entity10433 phosphorylation. In addition, findings of this study suggest that Hcy-mediated @entity10433 activation regulated @entity1235 and collagen type-1. However, @entity19729 receptor blocker, @entity917 , and the specific @entity10433 inhibitor peptide attenuated @entity1235 and collagen type-1 induction. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate for the first time the contribution of @entity14207 in @entity3562 -induced @entity731 ; Hcy-induced activation of @entity14207 involves @entity1235 and collagen type-1 modulation using @entity8837 and @entity10433 signaling cascades.

title: Synergism between XXXX and @entity3562 during @entity6980 .

entities_list: @entity8283 :: ('CHEBI:15811', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoserine']

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity10433 :: ('20848(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['STAT3', 'signal transducer and activator of transcription 3']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['HHcy', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity8837 :: ('26417;26413', 'Gene') :: ['Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2', 'ERK-1/2']

entities_list: @entity14207 :: ('11610(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['AT1 receptor', 'angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor']

answer: @entity14207 :: (11610(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AT1 receptor']


abstract: Patterning of the @entity238 egg requires the establishment of several distinct types of somatic follicle cells, as well as interactions between these follicle cells and the oocyte. The polar cells occupy the termini of the follicle and are specified by the activation of @entity8367 . We have investigated their role in follicle patterning by creating clones of cells mutant for the @entity8367 modulator fringe. This genetic ablation of polar cells results in cell fate defects within surrounding follicle cells. At the anterior, the border cells, the immediately adjacent follicle cell fate, are absent, as are the more distant stretched and centripetal follicle cells. Conversely, increasing the number of polar cells by expressing an activated form of the @entity8367 receptor increases the number of border cells. At the posterior, elimination of polar cells results in abnormal oocyte localization. Moreover, when polar cells are mislocalized laterally, the surrounding follicle cells adopt a posterior fate, the oocyte is located adjacent to them, and the anteroposterior axis of the oocyte is re-oriented with respect to the ectopic polar cells. Our observations demonstrate that the polar cells act as an organizer that patterns surrounding follicle cells and establishes the anteroposterior axis of the oocyte. The origin of asymmetry during @entity238 development can thus be traced back to the specification of the polar cells during early oogenesis.

title: Organizer activity of the polar cells during XXXX oogenesis.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity9691 (TF), a highly potent @entity112 H1 receptor antagonist, has been shown to exert no significant central nervous system side effects in clinically effective doses. In this study, we demonstrated that TF induced significant growth inhibition of @entity1 @entity5 cells, including Hep G2, HT 29, and COLO 205 cells, through induction of G(0)/G(1) phase cell-cycle arrest. The minimal dose of TF induced significant G(0)/G(1) arrest in these cells was 1-3 microM. The protein levels of @entity876 , @entity3544 / @entity994 , and @entity993 / @entity13525 were significantly elevated, whereas the kinase activities of @entity15308 ( @entity15308 ) and @entity8985 were inhibited simultaneously in the TF-treated cells. On the other hand, significant apoptosis, but not G(0)/G(1) arrest, was induced in the HL 60 ( @entity876 -null) or Hep 3B (with deleted @entity876 ) cells when treated with TF (3-5 microM). To clarify the roles of @entity3544 / @entity994 and @entity993 / @entity13525 protein expression, which was involved in G(0)/G(1) arrest and apoptosis induced by TF in @entity1 @entity5 cells, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) specific to @entity3544 / @entity994 and @entity993 / @entity13525 were used, and the expression of the @entity3544 / @entity994 and @entity993 / @entity13525 were monitored by immunoblotting analysis. Our data demonstrated that the percentage of the apoptotic cells detected by @entity4404 /PI analysis in the TF-treated group was clearly attenuated by pretreatment with @entity993 / @entity13525 -specific ODNs. These results indicated that @entity993 / @entity13525 (but not @entity3544 / @entity994 ) protein indeed played a critical role in the TF-induced apoptosis. We also demonstrated that the TF-induced G(0)/G(1) cell-cycle arrest effect was not reversed by TF removal, and this growth inhibition lasted for at least 7 d. Importantly, the occurrence of apoptosis and cell growth arrest was not observed in the TF-treated normal @entity1 fibroblast, even at a dose as high as 25 microM. Our study showed the molecular mechanisms for TF-induced cell growth inhibition and the occurrence of apoptosis in @entity1 @entity5 cells.

title: Molecular mechanisms of G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by @entity9691 in XXXX @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity15308 :: ('1017', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase 2', 'CDK2']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['Terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. Prescribing rates for cardiovascular drugs have substantial local variation. The objectives of this study were to determine the prescribing prevalence of @entity3362 , @entity460 channel blockers and @entity1289 inhibitors in general practice, to examine the indications recorded for these prescriptions, and to identify which therapeutic areas contribute to the variation in prescribing. 2. Anonymised @entity1 -specific prescription data were taken from computerised records in 41 VAMP research practices in the Northern Region (total population 330,749). All @entity1 who received any prescription for @entity460 channel blockers, @entity3362 or @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors during a 12 month period were included. Prescribing rates were determined in terms of @entity1 per 1,000 population within age, sex and diagnostic groups. 3. Overall, 4.3% of the study population were prescribed one or more of the drugs. There was virtually no prescribing for @entity1 under the age of 35 years, but thereafter the prevalences rose steeply to peak at ages 65-74 years for @entity460 channel blockers (91 per 1,000 population) and @entity1289 inhibitors (34 per 1,000), and at ages 75-84 years for @entity3362 (100 per 1,000). Prescribing prevalence amongst the over 85's was less than half the peak rate for each drug group. Rates for @entity1 and @entity1 were comparable, except for @entity3362 where @entity1 had higher rates. 4. Recorded indication rates for @entity1 with @entity299 and treated with any of these drugs reached 112 per 1,000 population in the 75-84 age group, and were higher in @entity1 than @entity1 , at all ages. @entity101 indication rates were substantially higher in @entity1 over 65; across the genders the peak rate was 88 per 1,000 for those aged 65-74 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The use of @entity3362 , XXXX channel blockers and @entity1289 inhibitors in primary care in the Northern Region: a pharmacoepidemiological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Importance: The exclusion of undocumented immigrants from Medicare coverage for hemodialysis based on a diagnosis of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) requires physicians in some states to manage @entity102 in this population using emergent-only hemodialysis. Emergent-only dialysis is expensive and burdensome for @entity1 . Objective: To understand the illness experience of undocumented immigrants with @entity454 who lack access to scheduled hemodialysis. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A qualitative, semistructured, interview study was conducted in a Colorado safety-net hospital from July 1 to December 31, 2015, with 20 undocumented immigrants (hereinafter referred to as undocumented @entity1 ) with @entity454 and no access to scheduled hemodialysis. Demographic information was collected from the @entity1 ' medical records. The interviews were audiorecorded, translated, and then transcribed verbatim. The interviews were analyzed using inductive qualitative theme analysis by 4 research team members from @entity3490 to June 30, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures: Themes and subthemes from semistructured interviews. Results: All 20 undocumented @entity1 included in the study (10 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 51.4 [13.8] years) had been in the United States for at least 5 years preceding their diagnosis with @entity454 . They described the following 4 main themes: (1) a distressing symptom burden and unpredictable access to emergent-only hemodialysis, (2) death @entity148 associated with weekly episodes of life-threatening illness, (3) family and social consequences of accommodating emergent-only hemodialysis, and (4) perceptions of the health care system. Conclusions and Relevance: Undocumented @entity1 with @entity454 experience debilitating, potentially life-threatening physical symptoms and @entity2673 resulting from emergent-only hemodialysis. States excluding undocumented immigrants with @entity454 from scheduled dialysis should reconsider their policies.

title: The Illness Experience of Undocumented Immigrants With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial distress']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage Renal Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives were to determine the @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) of @entity5066 and NE value of cold-pressed @entity1460 cake (CP-SBC), and the effect of extrusion or adding multi-enzyme to CP-SBC diet for growing @entity1707 . Eight ileal-cannulated @entity1707 (initial BW = 79.7    3.97 kg) were fed 4 diets in a replicated 4 * 4 Latin square design to give 8 replicates per diet. Diets included a cornstarch-based diet with CP-SBC, extruded CP-SBC, and SBC plus multi-enzyme (1,200 U of xylanase, 150 U of glucanase, 500 U of cellulase, 60 U of mannanase, 700 U of invertase, 5,000 U of protease, and 12,000 U of amylase/kilogram of diet; Superzyme-CS, 0.5 g/kg); and a N-free diet. The CP-SBC was the sole source of protein in the CP-SBC-containing diets. The ratio of cornstarch to sugar and @entity1460 oil in CP-SBC-containing diets was identical to the N-free diet to allow calculation of energy digestibility of CP-SBC by the difference method. The evaluated CP-SBC had been produced by heating the @entity1460 seed at 105  C for 60 min followed by pressing of the heated @entity1460 seeds at less than 42  C (barrel temperature). On a @entity3918 basis, CP-SBC and extruded CP-SBC contained 47.8 and 47.1% CP, 15.6 and 10.5% ADF, 7.23 and 8.85% ether extract, 3.11 and 3.08% Lys, and 2.25 and 3.70 trypsin inhibitor units per mg, respectively. Extrusion increased ( < 0.001) the @entity4628 of @entity5066 for the CP-SBC by an average of 12%. Also, extrusion increased ( < 0.001) the NE value of the CP-SBC from 2,743 to 2,853 kcal/kg of @entity3918 . Supplementation of CP-SBC diet with the multi-enzyme increased ( < 0.05) the @entity4628 of @entity534 and Pro, and tended to increase ( < 0.1) the @entity4628 of Ile and Tyr. However, the multi-enzyme supplementation did not affect the NE value of CP-SBC. In conclusion, the CP-SBC evaluated in the present study could be an alternative source of @entity5066 and energy in @entity1707 diets, and its nutritive value can be increased by extrusion following cold-pressing. The multi-enzyme used in this study improved the digestibility of some @entity5066 , but had limited effect on energy digestibility and hence NE value of the CP-SBC.

title: Nutritive value of extruded or multi-enzyme supplemented cold-pressed XXXX cake for @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['SID', 'standardized ileal digestibility']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival of @entity2631 has changed since the renal crisis treatment has become possible. AIMS: To document the changes in survival and organ system causes of mortality in @entity785 ( @entity785 ) over the past 25 years in @entity1 from a single medical centre. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 evaluated at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA between 1 January 1972 and 31 December 1996 were studied. Survival was determined in five 5-year time periods between 1972 and 1997. Causes of @entity204 included @entity2631 -related ( @entity8 , @entity120 , @entity3794 ( @entity3794 ), gastrointestinal (GI), heart and @entity177 ) and non- @entity2631 -related ( @entity5 , @entity65 or @entity66 , @entity281 , @entity944 , other and unknown) causes. RESULTS: The 10-year survival improved steadily from 54% to 66% during each of the time intervals. There was a significant improvement in survival for @entity1 during 1982-91 compared with those during 1972-81 (p<0.001), even when @entity1 with renal crisis were excluded (p<0.005). The frequency of deaths due to renal crisis significantly decreased over the 30-year time period, from 42% to 6% of @entity2631 -related deaths (p<0.001), whereas the proportion of @entity1 with @entity2631 who died of @entity3794 increased from 6% to 33% (p<0.001). The frequency of @entity120 , independent of @entity3794 , also significantly increased during this time period (p<0.05). There were no changes in @entity2631 GI- and heart-related deaths, nor in any of the non- @entity2631 -related causes, although @entity1 with @entity2631 were less likely to die from @entity2631 -related problems in the past 15 years. CONCLUSION: The change in the pattern of @entity2631 -related deaths over the past 30 years demonstrates that the lung (both @entity120 and @entity3794 ) is the primary cause of @entity2631 -related deaths today. It is important that @entity146 searches continue to develop better therapies for these severe @entity358 of @entity785 .

title: Changes in causes of @entity204 in XXXX , 1972-2002.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma renal crisis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis', 'PF']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['SSc', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of @entity801 , @entity575 , or both additives in @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) beads on @entity3256 -resistant @entity23819 (MRSP) biofilm formation in vitro. SAMPLE 4 preparations of @entity4625 beads (formed with no additive [control], @entity801 , @entity575 , and @entity801 and @entity575 ). PROCEDURES Beads from each group were exposed to 10 MRSP isolates known to be strong biofilm formers. Following incubation, the beads were rinsed to remove planktonic bacteria, then sonicated to dislodge biofilm-associated bacteria. Resulting suspensions were serially diluted, plated on blood agar, and incubated overnight; CFUs were counted. Variance of mean CFU counts following log10 transformation was analyzed among @entity4625 groups. RESULTS None of the @entity4625 additives tested completely inhibited MRSP biofilm formation. There was a significant effect of @entity801 and @entity801 plus @entity575 on this variable, compared with controls, but not of @entity575 alone. There was no difference between @entity801 and @entity801 plus @entity575 . When only isolates not susceptible to @entity801 were evaluated, there were no significant differences among @entity4625 additive groups. Within @entity801 -susceptible isolates, there was an impact of @entity801 and @entity801 plus @entity575 , but no impact of @entity575 alone and no difference between @entity801 and @entity801 plus @entity575 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE @entity801 -impregnated @entity4625 was effective at reducing biofilm formation of @entity801 -susceptible MRSP isolates but had no effect on isolates not susceptible to @entity801 . @entity575 -impregnated @entity4625 had no effect on MRSP biofilm formation. Results suggested that @entity801 -impregnated @entity4625 may not be effective in vivo against MRSP isolates not susceptible to @entity801 . Antibacterial efficacy of @entity575 should not be assumed without proper testing of the target bacteria and specific @entity575 compound.

title: Impact of @entity4625 additives on XXXX -resistant @entity23819 biofilm formation in vitro.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity575 :: ('MESH:D012834', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver', 'silver']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity3256 :: (MESH:D008712,Chemical) :: ['methicillin']


abstract: @entity4002 is a @entity2927 caused by the bacterium @entity4003 . The most common reservoirs are domesticated ruminants, primarily @entity291 , @entity742 , and @entity1237 . @entity1 acquire @entity4002 typically by inhaling aerosols or contaminated dusts derived from infected animals or animal products. Its highly infectious nature and aerosol route of transmission make @entity4003 a possible agent of bioterrorism. Although up to 60% of initial @entity281 are asymptomatic, acute disease can manifest as a relatively mild, self-limited @entity221 , or more moderately severe disease characterized by @entity99 or @entity55 . It manifests less commonly as @entity2401 , @entity2396 , and @entity5422 . @entity4002 occurs in <1% of infected @entity1 , months or years after @entity281 . @entity102 manifests most commonly as a culture-negative @entity884 in @entity1 with @entity340 . During 2000-2001, a total of 48 @entity1 who met the case definition of @entity4002 were reported to CDC. This report describes the case investigations for six of these @entity1 , which indicate that these @entity1 acquired @entity4002 probably through direct or indirect contact with livestock. To enhance surveillance efforts, health-care providers should report cases of @entity4002 to state health departments.

title: XXXX , Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee, 2000-2001.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'patients', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Q fever', 'Q fever']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'initial infection']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['C. burnetii', 'Coxiella burnetii']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['Q fever--California']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and prognostic value of axillary lymph @entity3944 ( @entity3944 ) of 2 mm or less in @entity0 . Results are based on data from the Danish @entity0 Cooperative Group (DBCG). The study was carried out as a nationwide, population-based trial with a study series consisting of 6,959 @entity1 under 75 years of age registered in the national DBCG data base from 1 January 1990 to 31 October 1994. All @entity1 had contracted operable primary @entity0 , stage I-III, classified according to the TNM system as T1-T3, N0-N1, M0. @entity1 with four or more metastatic axillary lymph nodes were excluded. All @entity1 were treated systematically according to approved national guidelines and treatment protocols. @entity3 were recognized microscopically on @entity6175 and @entity1711 -stained sections. In case of doubt immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin was performed. There was no serial sectioning. Micrometastases were @entity5 deposits of 2 mm or smaller, and accordingly included deposits of 0.2 mm and smaller. With a median observation time of 10 years and 2 months, @entity1 with @entity3944 (N=427) experienced a significantly worse overall survival (OS) compared with node-negative (Nneg) @entity1 (N=4,767) (relative risk (RR)=1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.43), irrespective of menopausal status. @entity1 with macrometastases (Nmac) (N=1,765) had significantly worse final outcome than @entity1 with @entity3944 (RR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.29-1.85), irrespective of menopausal status. Multivariate analysis adjusted for @entity1 -, histopathologic-, and loco-regional therapeutic variables showed that cases with @entity3944 had a significantly higher risk of @entity204 relative to Nneg cases (adjusted RR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.18-1.90). Interaction analysis showed that the number of nodes examined had a significant impact on adjusted relative risk of @entity204 according to axillary status. Furthermore, the number of nodes involved significantly influenced adjusted risk of @entity204 in the @entity3944 compared to the Nmac series. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed worse final outcome in @entity1 with @entity3944 compared with Nneg, where all @entity3944 cases received adjuvant systemic treatment. Interaction analysis showed that the number of retrieved axillary nodes and the number of affected nodes had a different influence on survival related to axillary status. The different risk pattern in @entity3944 vs Nmac @entity1 indicates that @entity3944 cases do not show the traditional risk pattern as revealed by the Nmac cases, in which increasing number of positive nodes is associated with an orderly increasing adjusted RR.

title: Axillary lymph XXXX in invasive @entity0 : national figures on incidence and overall survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3944 :: ('MESH:D061206', 'Disease') :: ['Nmic', 'node micrometastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

answer: @entity3944 :: (MESH:D061206,Disease) :: ['node micrometastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that @entity5815 / @entity5815 (ME/CFS) is accompanied by gastro-intestinal symptoms; and IgA and IgM responses directed against lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of commensal bacteria, indicating bacterial translocation. METHODS: This study was carried out to examine gastro-intestinal symptoms in subjects with ME/CFS versus those with @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ). The two groups were dissected by dichotomizing those fulfilling and not fulfilling Fukuda's critera. In these groups, we examined the association between gastro-intestinal symptoms and the IgA and IgM responses directed against commensal bacteria. RESULTS: Using cluster analysis performed on gastro-intestinal symptoms we delineated that the cluster analysis-generated diagnosis of @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) was significantly higher in subjects with ME/CFS (59.6%) than in those with @entity5815 (17.7%). The diagnosis of @entity1661 was strongly associated with the diagnosis of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). There is evidence that ME/CFS consists of two subgroups, i.e. ME/CFS with and without @entity1661 . Factor analysis showed four factors, i.e. 1) @entity32 - @entity1931 ; 2) @entity1295 ; 3) gastro-intestinal symptoms/ @entity1661 ; and 4) neurocognitive symptoms. The IgA and IgM responses to LPS of commensal bacteria were significantly higher in ME/CFS @entity1 with @entity1661 than in those without @entity1661 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that @entity1661 is a characteristic of a subset of @entity1 with ME/CFS and that increased bacterial translocation (leaky gut) is associated with @entity1661 symptoms. This study has defined a pathway phenotype, i.e bacterial translocation, that is related to ME/CFS and @entity1661 / @entity1744 and that may drive systemic inflammatory processes.

title: Evidence for the existence of XXXX / @entity5815 (ME/CFS) with and without abdominal discomfort (irritable bowel) syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal discomfort syndrome', 'ADS']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue-malaise']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Fatigue Syndrome', 'chronic fatigue', 'CF', 'Myalgic Encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['Myalgic Encephalomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although direct and calculated low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL- @entity165 ) has been widely used as an important predictor for cardiovascular risk, many studies have shown that @entity755 (apo B) may be a more important lipoprotein marker. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional study on 191 volunteers who were Shinawatra employees during their annual physical check up. The following cardiovascular risk factors were recorded or measured: direct and calculated LDL, apo B, gender age, total @entity165 , @entity412 , HDL- @entity165 (HDL), calculated LDL, fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Apo B, direct LDL and calculated LDL levels were tested for their associations with other potential cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: There were a total of 76 @entity1 and 115 @entity1 with an average age of 28.8 +/- 5.4 years. Male gender, cigarette smoking, high @entity165 , high @entity412 , high fasting plasma @entity413 , @entity101 , high WHR and high BMI were associated with increased apo B level. Only male gender and high @entity165 were associated with increased calculated and direct LDL level. The association of direct and calculated LDL- @entity165 level with cardiovascular risk factors appears to be similar. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that apo B level correlates more with other cardiovascular risk factors compared to direct and calculated LDL- @entity165 . The clinical relevance of this finding needs to be explored in large-scale studies.

title: The association of XXXX and low density lipoprotein with cardiovascular risk factors in the Thai population.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity755 :: (338,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous literature from high-income countries has repeatedly shown sex differences in the presentation, diagnosis, and management of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), with @entity1 having atypical presentations and undergoing less aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic measures. However, much less data exist evaluating sex differences in @entity1187 in India. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate sex differences in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of @entity1 with @entity1187 in Kerala, India. METHODS: The Kerala @entity1187 Registry collected data from 25,748 consecutive @entity1187 admissions (19,923 @entity1 and 5,825 @entity1 ) from 125 hospitals in the Indian state of Kerala from 2007 to 2009. This study evaluated the association between sex differences in presentation, in-hospital management, and discharge care with in-hospital mortality and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (defined as @entity204 , reinfarction, @entity64 , @entity712 , or @entity1455 ). RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1187 were older than @entity1 with @entity1187 (64 vs. 59, p < 0.001) and were more likely to have a history of previous @entity583 (16% vs. 14%, p < 0.001). Inpatient diagnostics and management and discharge care were similar between sexes. No significant differences between @entity1 and @entity1 in the outcome of @entity204 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80 to 1.38) or in the composite outcome of @entity204 , reinfarction, @entity64 , @entity712 , or @entity1455 (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.25) were seen after adjustment for possible confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: In Kerala, even though @entity1 with @entity1187 were older and more likely to have previous @entity583 , there were no significant differences in in-hospital and discharge management, in-hospital mortality, or major adverse cardiovascular events between sexes. Whether these results apply to other parts of India or acute presentations of other @entity102 in low- and middle-income countries warrants further study.

title: Sex Differences in the Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes: Findings From the Kerala (India) XXXX Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['ACS']


abstract: The operon of the putative lactobacillar oligopeptide transport system (Opp) from @entity6330 B14 was cloned and characterized. The opp operon was found to consist of five genes, oppD, oppF, oppB, oppC and oppA (1). In addition, an oppA (1) homolog, oppA (2), was found downstream of the operon. Sequence comparisons of the @entity6330 Opp system with other bacterial transport systems revealed the highest similarity to the oligopeptide transport system of @entity7878 . Northern analyses of oppmRNAs revealed 6.1-kb and 2.1-kb transcripts, confirming that, in addition to the operon structure oppDFBCA (1), the oppA (1) gene was also expressed as a monocistronic transcript. The oppA (2) gene was expressed as a separate 2.1-kb monocistronic transcript with a low expression level. Primer-extension mapping of the 5'end of oppDFBCA (1) mRNA revealed two adjacent transcriptional start sites, and primer extension analyses of oppA (1) and oppA (2) mRNAs confirmed the location of the predicted promoters of these genes. For complementation analysis, oppA (1) alone and the operon constructs oppDFBCA (1) and oppDFBCA (2) were fused with the nisA promoter and expressed in @entity7878 lactisNZ9000Delta oppA strain. Only the @entity6330 oppDFBCA (1)genes were able to complement the @entity7878 oppA mutation.

title: Genetic characterization of an oligopeptide transport system from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis', 'Lactococcus', 'L. lactis']

entities_list: @entity6330 :: ('1585', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus', 'L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus']

answer: @entity6330 :: (1585,Species) :: ['bulgaricus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylactic cranial irradiation has been used in @entity1 with @entity151 to reduce the incidence of @entity75 after primary therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on overall survival and cause-specific survival. METHODS: A total of 7995 @entity1 with @entity5 diagnosed between 1988 and 1997 were retrospectively identified from centers participating in the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Of them, 670 were identified as having received PCI as a component of their first course of therapy. Overall survival and cause-specific survival were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, comparing @entity1 treated with or without prophylactic whole-brain radiotherapy. The Cox proportional hazards model was used in the multivariate analysis to evaluate potential prognostic factors. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 13 months (range, 1 month to 180 months). Overall survival at 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years was 23%, 11%, and 6%, respectively, in @entity1 who did not receive PCI. In @entity1 who received PCI, the 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year overall survival rates were 42%, 19%, and 9%, respectively (P =or <.001). The cause-specific survival rate at 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years was 28%, 15%, 11%, respectively, in @entity1 who did not receive PCI and 45%, 24%, 17%, respectively, in @entity1 who did receive PCI (P =or <.001). On multivariate analysis of cause-specific and overall survival, age at diagnosis, sex, grade, extent of @entity66 , size of disease, extent of lymph node involvement, and PCI were found to be significant (P = or<.001). The hazards ratios for disease-specific and all cause mortality were 1.13 and 1.11, respectively, for those not receiving PCI. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly improved overall and cause-specific survival was observed in @entity1 treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation on unadjusted and adjusted analyses. This study concurs with the previously published European experience. Prophylactic cranial irradiation should be considered for @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Evaluation of the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['limited stage small cell lung cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is characterized in part by impaired extinction of conditioned fear. @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is thought to be a risk factor for development of @entity1005 . We tested the hypothesis that controlled cortical impact (CCI) would impair extinction of fear learned by Pavlovian conditioning, in @entity19 . To mimic the scenarios in which @entity131 occurs prior to or after exposure to an aversive event, severe CCI was delivered to the left parietal cortex at one of two time points: (1) Prior to fear conditioning, or (2) after conditioning. @entity2167 was achieved by pairing a tone with a foot shock in "context A". Extinction training involved the presentation of tones in a different context (context B) in the absence of foot shock. Test for extinction memory was achieved by presentation of additional tones alone in context B over the following two days. In pre- or post-injury paradigms, CCI did not influence fear learning and extinction. Furthermore, CCI did not affect locomotor activity or elevated plus maze testing. Our results demonstrate that, within the time frame studied, CCI does not impair the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear or extinction memory.

title: Controlled cortical impact before or after fear conditioning does not affect fear extinction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['Delay auditory conditioning']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of supplementary feeding on the prevention of @entity5653 in preschool @entity1 in a rural area of Guatemala with a high prevalence of @entity3147 . METHODS: @entity1 aged 6-48 months, with a weight-for-length exceeding 90% of that of the median NCHS/WHO/CDC reference population, received either Atole, a drink with a high protein and moderate energy content, or Fresco, a drink with no protein and a low energy content. @entity1 consuming amounts of Atole equivalent to more than 10% of the age-adjusted recommended dietary intake for energy were termed "supplemented." A comparable group of @entity1 consuming Fresco was termed "non-supplemented". The energy intake in the supplemented group was higher than that in the non-supplemented group by 16-18% of the recommended daily intake. The corresponding difference in protein intake was 45-80% of the recommended daily intake. The @entity1 were followed up at intervals of three or six months in order to evaluate their weight-for-length development. The difference between supplemented and non-supplemented @entity1 in the proportions maintaining their weight-for-length category at the end of the study intervals represented the prevention of @entity5653 attributable to supplementary feeding (attributable prevention). Households were used as units of analysis in order to avoid cluster effects. FINDINGS: The attributable prevention in @entity1 aged 6-24 months with weight-for-length between 90% and 99.9% of the reference population at entry ranged from 0.21 to 0.26 and was statistically significant after three and six months of supplementation. However, it was not significant in @entity1 at or above 100% weight-for-length or in older @entity1 . @entity1 above 100% weight-for-length did not become overweight as a result of supplementation. CONCLUSION: Supplementary feeding of @entity1 aged 6-24 months in populations with inadequate dietary intakes can prevent the onset of @entity5653 in a large proportion of @entity1 .

title: Effect of supplementary feeding on the prevention of mild-to-moderate XXXX in conditions of endemic @entity3147 in Guatemala.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity5653 :: (MESH:D019282,Disease) :: ['wasting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: IV Thrombolysis (rt-PA) for @entity385 treatment carries a substantial risk for symptomatic @entity1779 (sICH). Our purpose was to develop a computationally simple and accurate sICH predictor METHODS : Our derivation dataset consisted of 210 @entity385 @entity1 receiving IV rt-PA from January 2009 until July 2013 at Yale-New Haven Hospital. Our validation dataset included 303 @entity1 who received IV rt-PA during the NINDS rt-PA trial. Independent sICH predictors were identified by logistic regression and combined to form the TURN score. Predictive ability and goodness of fit were quantified by odds ratios (OR) and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS: 3 out of 17 clinical parameters were identified as independent predictors of sICH: prestroke mRS score (OR 1.54, P = 0.02), baseline NIHSS score (OR 1.13, P = 0.002), and platelet count (OR 0.99, P = 0.04). We combined these three parameters to form the TURNP score. For added simplicity, prestroke mRS score and baseline NIHSS score alone were also combined to form the TURN score, and predicted sICH without a significant drop in OR or AUROC. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a new score for predicting sICH after IV thrombolysis. Our score is simple and with acceptable accuracy, making it ideal for use in the hyperacute @entity64 setting.

title: TURN: A Simple Predictor of Symptomatic XXXX After IV Thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Intracerebral Hemorrhage']


abstract: From August 1997 to January 2000, 172 @entity1 (< or = 14 years) with @entity99 were studied. Their clinical features, investigations and outcome were noted. Viral markers (IgM anti-HAV, IgM anti-HEV, HBsAg and anti-HCV) were measured by ELISA using commercial kits. The mean age of these @entity1 was 5.6 +/- 2.9 (range, 4 months to 14 years) with a male to female ratio of 120:52. Prodromal symptoms were present in 161 (94 per cent) and icteric @entity99 was diagnosed in 168 (98 per cent) cases. @entity381 was noted in 53 (31 per cent), @entity843 in 52 (30 per cent) and @entity75 ( @entity2928 ) in 56 (32.6 per cent) cases. Sixteen (31 per cent) @entity1 with @entity843 had @entity298 ( @entity298 ). Fifteen (27 per cent) @entity1 with @entity75 died. Viral markers were positive in 166 (96.5 per cent) and they were: A in 111 (64.5 per cent), E in 28 (16.3 per cent), B in 13 (7.6 per cent), A + E in 12 (7 per cent), A + E + C and A + C in one each. Mortality in @entity879 was more when associated with @entity298 (100 per cent) than without (20 per cent) (p < 0.001). We conclude that @entity4973 is the second most common cause of @entity99 in @entity1 . Atypical presentations, such as @entity381 , @entity843 , and @entity298 were present in virtually one-third of cases. In cases of @entity2928 , the presence of @entity843 and @entity298 depicts a worse outcome.

title: Changing spectrum of @entity99 in Indian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly', 'Splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute viral hepatitis', 'sporadic acute viral hepatitis', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['SBP', 'spontaneous bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity136 plus @entity416 and @entity2240 (GCS) shows activity in metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC). We tested the multitargeted "chemo-switch" regimen as first-line treatment in @entity1 with mRCC. METHODS: We assessed the maximum tolerated dose and antitumor activity of GCS in treatment-na  ve, advanced mRCC @entity1 . Treatment consisted of intravenous @entity136 on days 1 and 8, oral @entity416 twice daily on days 1-14, and oral @entity2240 daily for six 21-day cycles, followed by @entity2240 monotherapy at the investigator's discretion. Dose level 0 (DL0) was @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) per day plus @entity416 650 mg/m(2) per 12 hours plus @entity2240 37.5 mg/day; @entity15974 was @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) per day plus @entity416 850 mg/m(2) per 12 hours plus @entity2240 37.5 mg/day. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were enrolled. At @entity15974 , two of four @entity1 had dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT; grade 3 @entity294 and grade 4 @entity882 ). The dose was reduced to DL0 when only 1 of 12 @entity1 experienced DLT (grade 3 @entity294 , grade 3 @entity33 , and grade 3 @entity882 ). Dose reductions were frequent (58% of @entity1 ), and only seven @entity1 were able to receive the three drugs for more than three cycles. One @entity1 achieved a complete response, three had partial responses, and the best response for four was stable disease. CONCLUSION: The safety profile of the combination does not seem manageable in this @entity1 population. No further development of the combination is recommended.

title: Phase I study of XXXX in combination with @entity136 and @entity416 for first-line treatment of metastatic or unresectable @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: The effects of @entity935 , @entity452 and @entity3044 on coronary hemodynamics, severity of @entity850 , distal bed resistance and transmural myocardial perfusion gradients with radioactive microspheres were studied in @entity235 with a mild obstruction of the left circumflex coronary artery anesthetized with @entity1286 - @entity4486 . Changes in transmural blood flow were related to the ratio of the diastolic aortic pressure-time index to tension-time index (DPTI/TTI) and the ratio of the distal diastolic coronary pressure-time index to tension-time index (DDPTI/TTI). At doses of 5 microgram/kg per min, @entity935 had no significant effect on DPTI/TTI, DDPTI/TTI or endocardial/epicardial flow ratio; however, @entity452 produced a slight decrease in this flow ratio and in DDPTI/TTI. At doses of 10 microgram/kg per min, both drugs produced a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in diastolic coronary pressure distal to the @entity850 . DDPTI/TTI and endocardial/epicardial flow ratio without change in DPTI/TTI. In comparison, @entity3044 (0.01 and 0.05 microgram/kg per min) produced dose-related decreases in endocardial/epicardial flow ratio, DDPTI/TTI and DPTI/TTI. During infusion of each sympathomimetic agent, there was a corresponding reduction in distal bed vascular resistance but a concomitant increase in @entity850 resistance. The results also show that @entity935 and @entity452 , as well as @entity3044 , area capable of producing a maldistribution of coronary blood flow distal to a mild @entity3979 and that such a redistribution of glow is dependent on dose, reduction of the distal diastolic coronary pressure-time index and decrease in DDPTI/TTI. It is further concluded that hemodynamic changes distal to a @entity3979 seriously jeopardize the usefulness of DPTI/TTI; however, DDPTI/TTI can be used to predict drug effects on the endocardial/epicardial flow ratio in an @entity63 area. This study demonstrates that "fixed" stenoses can undergo dynamic processes and sympathomimetic @entity4478 increase the resistance to flow through a stenotic coronary artery in the nonfailing heart.

title: Redistribution of myocardial blood flow distal to a dynamic @entity3979 by sympathomimetic @entity4478 : comparison of @entity935 , @entity452 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoproterenol']