abstract: The effect of treatment with @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), @entity379 ( @entity379 ), @entity1891 , and @entity2879 was evaluated on the secretion of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and @entity688 and the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), and @entity7938 molecules by @entity11 cells. Five @entity11 cell lines were treated with @entity1356 , @entity379 , and/or anticancer agents ( @entity1891 and @entity2879 ). Combined treatment with @entity1356 and @entity379 caused greater inhibition of @entity2533 secretion compared to treatment with @entity379 , and almost the same levels of inhibition as treatment with @entity1891 and @entity2879 . The greatest inhibition of @entity2533 secretion was achieved by treatment with all agents. Low levels of @entity688 secretion were determined in two out of five @entity11 cell lines. This @entity688 secretion was inhibited by treatment with @entity1356 , @entity379 , @entity1891 , and/or @entity2879 . Treatment with both cytokines and anticancer agents increased the expression of MHC class I and @entity2071 in all @entity5 cell lines. The mean increase of expression of MHC class I was 50% and that of @entity2071 was 12-fold. No @entity5 cell lines expressed @entity7938 molecules on the cell surface, and no treatment caused @entity7938 expression. These results suggest that @entity2533 and @entity688 secretion by @entity11 cells can be suppressed by treatment with a combination of @entity1356 , @entity379 , @entity1891 , and @entity2879 , and the treatment up-regulates MHC class I and @entity2071 expression on @entity5 cells. These results have implications for immunotherapy and chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Down-regulation of XXXX and @entity688 secretion from @entity11 cells by cytokines and anticancer drugs.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta']


abstract: A series of 89 adult-onset @entity1985 @entity1 with minimal changes on renal biopsy was analyzed to compare the rate of response to @entity288 and cytotoxic agents and the stability of remission or frequency of relapses at different ages. Severe @entity101 and diminished renal function were more common in @entity1 aged over 60 years, who formed 22.5% of the group. Seventy-five @entity1 were given a first course of @entity617 in an initial dose of 60 mg/24 hr. After an eight week course of tapering doses of @entity288 , only 45 of the 75 @entity1 were in complete remission, 55 @entity1 after 16 weeks and eventually 58 lost their @entity644 . The respective estimates of remission were 60%, 76% and 81%. Subsequently, of the 58 treated @entity1 who responded, 24% never relapsed. Fifty-six percent of the @entity1 relapsed on a single occasion or infrequently, and only 21% were frequent relapsers. @entity786 was used in 36 @entity1 , in two as initial treatment, in 11 because of corticosteroid resistance, and in the remainder because of relapses. The time-course of loss of @entity644 was similar to that following treatment with @entity288 , 25 (69%) losing @entity644 within 16 weeks. Only four @entity1 failed to lose their @entity1985 . Two of them had presented in @entity810 and all four were over 60 years of age. The stability of remission after @entity786 was better than that reported for @entity1 , only 13 of 36 showing relapses and 66% being in remission at five years, after which no further relapses were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Adult-onset minimal XXXX : a long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['change nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity6249 reflected by @entity62 ( @entity62 ) in MRI and kidney function reflected by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is closely associated in @entity1 without @entity64 . We studied whether eGFR and @entity62 predict long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity64 . METHODS: After exclusion of @entity1 with low eGFR (N=5 [1.3%]; <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), consecutive @entity1 with @entity64 (N=378) subjected to MRI and serum creatinine determination were included in the study and prospectively followed-up up to 12 years. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 71.2% had died during the follow-up, 152 (40.2%) had moderate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), and 226 (59.8%) had normal or mildly impaired eGFR (>or=60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Of the @entity1 , 108 (28.6%) had mild, 68 (18.0%) had moderate, and 202 (53.4%) had severe @entity62 . In logistic regression analysis adjusted with age and sex, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was associated with severe @entity62 (relative risk 2.77, 95% CI 1.10 to 6.98, P=0.030). In Cox regression survival analysis adjusted with significant covariates, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (1.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.68, P=0.047) and severe @entity62 (hazard ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.71, P=0.033) were associated with poor survival, whereas they were not independent from each other. In further analyses, presence of either eGFR >or=60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or only mild to moderate @entity62 , or both, was associated with improved survival compared with all other combinations. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6249 is closely associated with kidney function in @entity1 with @entity64 . @entity8 are closely associated predictors of poor poststroke survival.

title: XXXX predict long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral small vessel disease and kidney function']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'WMLs']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Cerebral small vessel disease and kidney function']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy exists regarding the management of unstable Jefferson fractures, with some surgeons performing reduction and immobilization of the @entity1 in a halo vest and others performing open reduction and internal fixation. This study compares the clinical and radiological outcome parameters between @entity9807 ( @entity9807 ) and @entity11375 ( @entity11375 ) constructs in the treatment of the unstable @entity174 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 68 consecutive @entity1 with unstable Jefferson fractures treated by @entity9807 or @entity11375 between October 2004 and March 2011 were included in this retrospective evaluation from institutional databases. The authors reviewed medical records and original images. The @entity1 were divided into two surgical groups treated with either @entity9807 (n = 48, F/M 30:18) and @entity11375 (n = 20, F/M 13:7) fusion. @entity190 , operative time, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, atlanto-dens interval, lateral mass displacement, complications, and the bone fusion rates were recorded. RESULTS: Five @entity1 with incomplete @entity912 (7.4%) demonstrated postoperative improvement by more than 1 grade on the American @entity66 scale. The JOA score of the @entity9807 group improved from 12.5    3.6 preoperatively to 15.7    2.3 postoperatively, while the JOA score of the @entity11375 group improved from 11.2    3.3 preoperatively to 14.8    4.2 postoperatively. The VAS score of @entity9807 group decreased from 4.8    1.5 preoperatively to 1.0    0.4 postoperatively, the VAS score of the @entity11375 group decreased from 5.4    2.2 preoperatively to 1.3    0.9 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity11375 or @entity9807 combined with short-term external immobilization can establish the upper cervical stability and prevent further @entity1566 and nerve function damage.

title: Comparison of occipitocervical and XXXX in treatment of unstable Jefferson fractures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury Association impairment']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['atlas fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['OCF', 'occipitocervical fusion']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['AAF', 'posterior atlantoaxial fusion']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity9807 :: (MESH:C538196,Disease) :: ['atlantoaxial fusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glomerular @entity1184 occurs in a number of normal and pathological states. Glomerular volume in kidneys at autopsy is usually indirectly derived from estimates of total glomerular mass and @entity4295 , and provides only a single value per kidney, with no indication of the range of volumes of glomeruli within the kidney of any given subject. We review findings of the distribution of volumes of different @entity8 , and their correlations with age, @entity4295 , birth weight and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: The study describes findings from autopsy kidneys of selected adult white males from the Southeast USA who had unexpected deaths, and who did not have @entity8 or @entity8 . Total glomerular (nephron) number and total glomerular volume were estimated using the disector/fractionator combination, and mean glomerular volume (Vglom) was derived. The volumes of 30 individual glomeruli (IGV) in each subject were determined using the disector/Cavalieri method. IGV values were compared by categories of age, @entity4295 , birth weight and BMI. RESULTS: There was substantial variation in IGV within subjects. Older age, lower @entity4295 , lower birth weight and gross @entity28 were associated with higher mean IGV and with greater IGV heterogeneity. High Vglom and high IGVs were associated with more @entity631 . However, amongst the generally modest numbers of sclerosed glomeruli, the pattern was uniformly of ischemic collapse of the glomerular tuft. There was no detectable @entity8 . DISCUSSION: In this series of @entity1 without overt @entity8 , greater age, @entity51 , lower birth weight and @entity28 were marked by glomerular enlargement and greater glomerular volume heterogeneity within individuals.

title: Distribution of volumes of individual glomeruli in kidneys at autopsy: association with age, XXXX , birth weight and body mass index.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomeruli within subjects without kidney disease', 'focal segmental glomerular tuft injury', 'renal disease', 'renal scarring']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['nephron number']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['nephron deficit']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity4295 :: (MESH:D007683,Disease) :: ['nephron number']


abstract: A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was: in @entity1 with an acute type A dissection (TAAD) is a frozen @entity7105 trunk in addition to standard aortic dissection repair advantageous in terms of improved long-term mortality and closure of the distal false lumen? Altogether more than 138 papers were found using the reported search, of which six represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity1 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Jakob et al. (23 @entity1 stented vs. 22 @entity1 non-stented), showed similar early outcome but lower false lumen patency rate and lower need of reintervention in the stented group. Pochettino et al. (36 @entity1 stented vs. 42 @entity1 non-stented) reported higher circulatory arrest time and higher incidence of @entity2759 but a lower false lumen patency rate in stented group. Uchida and co-workers (65 @entity1 stented vs. 55 @entity1 non-stented) reported similar early outcome but better long-term survival and freedom from aortic events in the stented group. Consecutively, Uchida et al. reported the follow-up of the stented group demonstring false lumen @entity715 in all @entity1 one month postoperatively, and complete after three years. Sun and co-workers (107 @entity1 operated with an hybrid approach) showed a hospital mortality of 4.67% and @entity16 rate of 5.6%. At follow-up (35+/-14 months), 95% of the @entity1 had false lumen @entity715 and no distal reoperations were needed. We conclude that the frozen @entity7105 trunk is still rarely adopted during TAAD repair. However, this procedure can be performed safely without increase the operative mortality and morbidity but with an overall higher cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest time. @entity2759 and malperfusion syndrome represents the main complications associated with this procedure. Despite few studies, this procedure seems to allow early @entity715 of the false lumen and a reduction of late thoraco-abdominal @entity439 formation and reoperations rate.

title: Might type A acute dissection repair with the addition of a frozen XXXX trunk improve long-term survival compared to standard repair?

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia', 'spinal cord and bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: PURPOSE: This prospective, longitudinal study evaluated the survival, marginal bone levels, and soft tissue conditions for immediately loaded, straight-walled, platform-switched, @entity702 -alloy implants with an internal connection and nanosurface topography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled at a single center. The immediate loading protocol required a final insertion torque >=  25 Ncm, an implant stability quotient (ISQ) > 55, and placement of the provisional prosthesis on the same day as implant placement. Posttreatment follow-up examinations were scheduled at 3, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter. Soft tissue evaluation consisted of assessment of the implant sites for signs of @entity737 including @entity32 , @entity548 on probing or suppuration, and progressive @entity604 . Oral hygiene was evaluated, and radiographic marginal bone levels were analyzed and compared to baseline at the time of provisional loading. RESULTS: Forty-eight consecutively treated @entity1 received 122 implants; 112 qualified for immediate loading and were included. ISQ scores ranged from 51 to 87, with a mean value of 75.1 (SD = 6.8). One implant failed (after 3 months). After an average follow-up period of 6.2 years (SD = 0.37; range, 5.4 to 6.9), no further losses occurred, leading to an overall cumulative survival rate of 99.1%. Average @entity604 for the 111 implants after 6 years was 0.35 mm (SD = 0.45; range: -0.35 to 2.20). Four implants (3.6%) in two @entity1 showed @entity737 associated with @entity548 on probing and/or purulence after 2 years in function. Exploratory surgery revealed residual submucosal cement. After its removal, the progressive @entity604 stopped, and peri-implant tissue in both @entity1 returned to a healthy condition. CONCLUSION: This study based on 40 @entity1 treated with 112 straight-walled, platform-switched, @entity702 -alloy implants with nanosurface topography yielded a 99.1% survival rate after a mean follow-up time of 6.2 years. Additionally, mean crestal @entity604 was limited to 0.26 mm (SD = 0.38) after 1 year and 0.35 mm (SD = 0.45) after 6 years. @entity737 associated with excessive @entity604 above 2 mm was only encountered in one implant, and residual cement was shown to be responsible.

title: Six-Year Radiographic, Clinical, and Soft Tissue Outcomes of Immediately Loaded, Straight-Walled, Platform-Switched, XXXX -Alloy Implants with Nanosurface Topography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implant infection', 'concomitant peri-implant infections', 'Peri-implant infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine differences between @entity1 with @entity231 detected during screening and presenting to clinic in rural China. METHODS: Subjects were recruited from 27 screenings and an eye clinic in the same town. All had pinhole-corrected vision < or =6/18 in > or =1 eye due to ophthalmologist-diagnosed @entity231 . Subjects were administered a previously validated questionnaire on barriers to surgery in four areas: knowledge (K), perceptions of quality (Q), transportation (T), and cost (C). RESULTS: Screening group (SG; n = 120) and clinic group (CG; n = 120) @entity1 did not differ from eligible, examined screening and clinic @entity1 respectively in age, gender, or vision. SG @entity1 were significantly more likely to be female (P = 0.002) and had a smaller housing area and less education (P < 0.001 for both) than those in the CG. Those in the CG were more likely to be blind (habitual VA < or = 6/60) in the better-seeing eye (P = 0.05) and more willing to undergo and pay for @entity231 surgery (P < 0.001 for both) than SG. In logistic regression models, SG subjects had significantly lower quality scores (P < 0.001) and better habitual vision (P = 0.02) than did CG @entity1 , and SG subjects who agreed to @entity231 surgery (78.3%) had significantly higher knowledge scores (P < 0.001) than those who refused. DISCUSSION: Screening outreach has the potential to ameliorate disparities in access to @entity231 surgery in rural China, as it appears more likely to detect @entity1 with @entity231 with gender-related, economic, educational, and attitudinal barriers to surgery. However, education may be needed to convince screening subjects to undergo surgery.

title: Impact of XXXX screening outreach in rural China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Delay in treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has a proven negative impact on disease stage, treatment outcome, and mortality. Poor public awareness of the disease and lack of @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) may account for late presentation. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge of @entity5 and performance of @entity1062 in a group of @entity1 over 2 time periods 20 years apart. METHODS: In the current study, 677 @entity1 from a banking institution were surveyed on their knowledge of @entity5 and their performance of @entity1062 . Comparisons were made from the current data and those from the original study in 1986. RESULTS: This study demonstrates an increase in public awareness and modest concomitant increase in @entity1062 since first studied in this country in 1986. There was no difference in knowledge across age groups in this study. Furthermore, @entity1 who demonstrate a superior degree of knowledge were more likely to perform @entity1062 . Limitations included possible selection bias in the 2 studies conducted in a banking institution. CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity5 knowledge combined with @entity1062 may have a role in improving detection of significant testicular pathology.

title: Public awareness of XXXX and the prevalence of testicular self-examination-changing patterns over 20 years.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TC', 'testicular cancer', 'testis cancer']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['TSE', 'testis self-examination']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testis cancer']


abstract: SETTING: A randomised, controlled clinical trial of the effectiveness of a family-based programme of directly observed treatment (DOT) for @entity378 . METHODS: @entity1906 @entity1 seen in Victoria, Australia, were randomly allocated to DOT observed by a family member (FDOT), or to standard supervised but non-observed therapy (ST). The outcome measure was compliance, measured by blinded testing of @entity3109 levels in urine. An intention-to-treat analysis was used. RESULTS: Of 173 @entity1 , 87 were allocated to FDOT and 86 to ST. Only 58% in the FDOT group were able to receive FDOT, the major reason being living alone and not having a family member to observe treatment. The rate of non-compliance was 24% (41/173), with no significant difference between FDOT (22/87) and ST (19/86). No clinical or socio-demographic variable predicted compliance. CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to demonstrate a benefit of FDOT in an urban, industrialised country setting. FDOT may be more appropriate in developing countries, where extended family support is often available and the burden of @entity1906 is much higher. Poor compliance and the difficulty in predicting non-compliance shown in this study highlights the need for DOT for all @entity1906 @entity1 .

title: A randomised controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of family-based direct observation of anti- XXXX treatment in an urban, developed-country setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study retrospectively assesses the patterns of failure in conservatively treated early stage @entity0 @entity1 by correlating various clinical, pathologic, and treated-related factors with local, axillary, and distant relapse. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1973 and 1990, 796 @entity1 (817 breasts) received breast conservation surgery followed by radiotherapy. Local recurrences were counted as events even if they occurred simultaneously or after the appearance of axillary or distant metastases. RESULTS: The 10-year actuarial relative disease-free survival (DFS) rate for T1N0, T2N0, and T1-2N1 was 82%, 71%, and 54%, respectively. Stage N0 @entity1 had a significant DFS advantage over N1 @entity1 (p = 0.02). The 15-year actuarial local recurrence-free rate for T1 and T2 @entity5 was 82% and 87%, respectively (p = nonsignificant). Univariate analysis identified three significant risk factors for local relapse: (a) 48 breasts with @entity5 showing an extensive intraductal component had a crude local recurrence rate of 23% compared to 8% for 769 breasts without intraductal component (p = 0.0016); (b) the actuarial 10-year local recurrence-free rate for @entity1 under age 40 years was 64% compared to 88% for @entity1 over 40 years (p < 0.0001); (c) the 10-year actuarial local recurrence-free rate for 416 postmenopausal @entity1 without adjuvant @entity440 was 83% compared to 97% for 107 postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity440 (p = 0.0479). Salvage therapy for operable local recurrent @entity1 resulted in a 8-year actuarial DFS rate of 47%, significantly lower than that obtained with primary treatment. The incidence of axillary relapse as the first sign of recurrence was 2%, and could be correlated with the lack of axillary dissection (p < 0.0000005) and primary @entity5 size (p = 0.03). Radiotherapy to the axilla did not influence axillary relapse. Actuarial 5-year DFS rate after treatment of isolated axillary recurrence was 27%. Axillary failure was a marker for distant failure. @entity0 occurred in 8% of @entity1 and did not have a detrimental effect on survival. Adjuvant @entity440 decreased the 9-year actuarial incidence of @entity0 from 10% to 4% (p = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS: Tumors with extensive intraductal component, age under 40 years, and the omission of adjuvant @entity440 in postmenopausal @entity1 increased local recurrence rate. Stage T2 and the lack of axillary dissection increased axillary recurrence rate. Stage N+ and local or axillary relapse increased distant failure rate. Axillary irradiation did not influence locoregional control nor survival. Improved therapy is needed for relapsing @entity1 .

title: Breast conservation treatment of early stage XXXX : patterns of failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Contralateral breast cancer', 'contralateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Suction @entity4530 is an experimental model for the investigation of the possible derangement of dermal/epidermal interaction in injury. An extensive fibre network can be stained in skin using antisera to the pan-neuronal marker @entity7895 ( @entity7895 ) and the sensory neuropeptide @entity10132 ( @entity10132 ), while microvessels are identifiable with antisera to the endothelial marker @entity2880 's factor ( @entity2881 ) and the peptide endothelin (ET). To investigate the possible involvement of superficial cutaneous innervation and microcirculation during the repair process in injury, @entity1 skin biopsies taken at different times after suction @entity4530 were investigated by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Neural and endothelial changes were seen in both edge and blister areas. @entity7895 - and @entity10132 -immunoreactive nerves showed an increase in both areas compared with control skin up to 6 h after injury, followed by a decrease which lasted until 72 h. This was followed by a gradual increase of both nerve types starting from the blister edge and lasting up to 8 days after injury when the values were similar to controls. Similarly, in the blister area of the skin, @entity2881 -immunoreactive capillaries showed statistically significant increases between 0 and 6 h after injury, followed by a decrease at 12 and 18 h which was maintained up to 72 h. ET-1 immunoreactivity showed a similar, although more variable, pattern of changes. At the blister edge from 23 h onwards, both @entity2881 and ET-1 immunoreactivities showed a second increase from the edge of the blister spreading towards the centre of the blister ahead of the nerve increase. This lasted up to 8 days, when @entity2881 immunoreactivity showed a statistically significant increase compared with control skin. Generally the numerical increase observed at early time points was accompanied by a strong staining intensity, which reverted to a normal staining intensity at later time points. These results suggest that there is a reactive process for all immunoreactive elements in the early stages of injury, followed by changes indicative of neuronal and endothelial damage (depletion phase) and the subsequent repair process. The repair started with re-epidermalization from the blister edge, followed by revascularization and, lastly, by reinnervation of the tissue. These results indicate a close relationship between epidermis, blood vessels, and nerve fibres during the healing process which follows suction @entity4530 .

title: Morphological changes of neural and vascular peptides in XXXX skin suction @entity4530 .

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['blister injury']

entities_list: @entity10132 :: ('796', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The HLA- @entity3098 -chain gene shows a close association with susceptibility or resistance to @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and it has been suggested that the @entity535 in position 57 may be of pathogenetic importance. To study the expression of the @entity1723 associated HLA- @entity3098 -chain alleles, we immunized @entity95 with 12 to 13 @entity535 long peptides representing HLA-DQw7 and -DQw8 allelic sequences, differing only by one @entity535 in position 57 being @entity2574 ( @entity2574 ) and @entity493 (Ala), respectively. Immunoblot analysis of lymphoblastoid cells showed that several antisera recognized a 29-kDa protein, equivalent to the expected molecular size of the @entity3098 -chain to yield two antisera specific for HLA-DQw7 (pos. 57Asp) and three antisera for HLA-DQw8 (pos. 57Ala) positive cells. Analysis of HLA-DR 3/4 positive @entity1723 @entity1 (n = 24) and controls (n = 19) showed that all (100%) @entity1 were positive for pos. 57Ala antiserum compared to 13 of 19 (68%) of the controls. The remaining six controls reacted with the pos. 57Asp antisera, whereas none of the @entity1 did. We have therefore successfully been able to generate site-specific antibodies that distinguish single @entity535 substitutions in predetermined positions of allelic HLA- @entity3098 -chain gene products. Such sera should become useful to detect and investigate HLA associated susceptibility to @entity792 in @entity1 .

title: Site-specific antibodies distinguish single XXXX substitutions in position 57 in HLA- @entity3098 -chain alleles associated with @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus', 'IDDM']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['Asp', 'aspartic acid']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to identify the criteria used by ophthalmologists when assessing @entity1 who may require @entity231 surgery, examine the extent of variation in their application and explore their relationship with current patterns of supply and demand. METHODS: This was a descriptive study involving semi-structured interviews with ophthalmologists, examination of hospital clinical records, and analysis of routinely available data on waiting times and hospital activity. The setting was ophthalmology units within the Northern Region of England. The subjects were 27 consultant ophthalmologists and 160 @entity1 undergoing @entity231 extraction. RESULTS: There was agreement amongst ophthalmologists on the criteria used to select @entity1 for treatment, and on the @entity227 level at which they would usually recommend surgery. All assess the degree of handicap resulting from @entity231 ; most consider this more important than @entity227 . Over half of the @entity1 were over 75 years old; two-thirds were @entity1 . Median @entity227 at listing was 6/36, but over 40 per cent were 6/60 or worse. Visual acuity at treatment was not recorded for 32 per cent of @entity1 . Wide variation in @entity227 at listing existed between both units and consultants, and for both the affected and other eye. Second extractions may be performed at a better level of @entity227 than for first extractions. Median @entity227 at listing was significantly correlated with total waiting times for individual consultants. Lower @entity231 extraction rates are associated with long waiting times and poorer @entity227 at listing. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable unmet need for @entity231 treatment within the Northern Region and significant variation in the current meeting of needs and demands. It may be that more needs could be met simply by changing referral and treatment patterns without increasing total service activity. Although @entity227 is a reasonably objective measure in routine use, the level of @entity227 is more important, and its assessment is more subjective; development of a standard method to assess this could help in producing guidelines for @entity1 referral and selection. Audit of treatment thresholds could allow a better matching of service provision to population needs.

title: Thresholds for treatment in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity', 'visual handicap']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity320 is an aggressive @entity5 with the propensity to metastasize through the lymphatic system and blood. @entity1 at high risk for developing @entity3 are evaluated clinically together with chest X-rays and when indicated computed tomography (CT) scans. Wire localization is routinely used in non-palpable @entity0 to facilitate surgical resection. This study demonstrates the applicability of wire localization and surgical resection of non-palpable, deep subcutaneous or Intramuscular @entity320 detected by CT or ultrasound. The medical records of six @entity1 with @entity320 were retrospectively reviewed. Each @entity1 with @entity320 developed metastatic involvement detected by CT scan or ultrasound at the UCSF/Mount Zion Medical Center, California, USA. A Copanz needle was inserted into the @entity5 under local anaesthesia. The @entity1 were transported to the operating room and underwent wire-guided surgical resection of the @entity5 under general anaesthesia or intravenous sedation. In all six @entity1 the @entity5 was successfully resected following CT- or ultrasound-guided wire localization of the metastatic foci. In conclusion, nonpalpable @entity320 may be resected using CT-or ultrasound-guided wire localization. This technique offers several advantages, Including minimal surgical dissection, shorter operative times and decreased postoperative morbidity.

title: Resection of XXXX following wire localization guided by computed tomography or ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma', 'Melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and laboratory features of @entity15835 as a complication of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Cases of @entity1252 -associated @entity15835 were provided by investigators belonging to 3 pediatric rheumatology networks or were found in the literature. @entity1 who had evidence of macrophage hemophagocytosis on @entity236 were considered to have definite @entity15835 , and those who did not have such evidence were considered to have probable @entity15835 . Clinical and laboratory findings in @entity1 with @entity15835 were contrasted with those of 2 control groups composed of @entity1 with active @entity1252 without @entity15835 . The ability of each feature to discriminate @entity15835 from active disease was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: The study included 38 @entity1 (20 with definite @entity15835 and 18 with probable @entity15835 ). @entity1 with definite and probable @entity15835 were comparable with regard to all clinical and laboratory features of the syndrome, except for a greater frequency of @entity3329 , @entity1431 , and @entity882 in @entity1 with definite @entity15835 . Overall, clinical features had better specificity than sensitivity, except for @entity221 , which was highly sensitive but had low specificity. Among laboratory features, the best sensitivity and specificity was achieved using @entity6737 , followed by increased levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase, @entity2298 , and @entity6805 . Based on the results of statistical analysis, preliminary diagnostic guidelines for @entity15835 in @entity1252 were developed. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the occurrence of unexplained @entity221 and @entity1503 , when associated with @entity6737 , in a @entity1 with @entity1252 should raise the suspicion of @entity15835 . We propose preliminary guidelines for this syndrome in @entity1252 to facilitate timely diagnosis and correct classification of @entity1 .

title: Macrophage activation syndrome in @entity1252 : a multinational multicenter study of thirty-eight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6737 :: ('MESH:C538137', 'Disease') :: ['hyperferritinemia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus', 'juvenile SLE']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration']

entities_list: @entity15835 :: ('MESH:D055501', 'Disease') :: ['macrophage activation syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity12520 is a condition characterized by features of @entity2012 without biochemical evidence of excessive @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) production. @entity2690 resistance is one of the possible etiologies. We report the case of a @entity1 with acromegalic features, a left lung neoplastic process, generalized acanthosis nigricans and severe @entity2690 resistance. Normal @entity442 and @entity2124 inhibition below 1 ng/ml by the oral @entity413 tolerance test ruled out the diagnosis of @entity2012 . @entity3594 ( @entity3594 ) may be present as a @entity8231 or may be associated to benign pathology in which @entity2690 resistance is involved. @entity12520 has been reported in @entity1 with severe @entity2690 resistance as we are describing here. It is possible that very high @entity2690 levels can stimulate excessive acral growth acting through @entity2690 receptors that retain the ability to mediate anabolic effects, or alternatively through the IGF1 receptor. We found no data of @entity12520 as a @entity8231 . To summarize, we report a case of severe @entity2690 resistance, @entity66 and @entity3594 , coexisting with a @entity2 . @entity12520 and @entity3594 appear to be due to @entity2690 resistance, even though in this @entity1 we cannot exclude that @entity3594 could be a @entity8231 .

title: [Coexistence of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoacromegaly']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'Acanthosis nigricans']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12520 :: ('MESH:C535655', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaloidism', 'Acromegaloidism']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['acromegaloidism and lung cancer']


abstract: @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ) due to warm-acting IgA autoantibodies is rare. We explored the pathogenic mechanisms underlying destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) in a @entity1 with severe @entity5506 mediated exclusively by @entity24519 ( @entity24519 ) anti-Band 3 autoantibodies. The follow-up period was 17 months. RBCs were not destroyed by complement activation as no deposition of complement was observed on the @entity1 's RBCs. @entity24519 eluted from the @entity1 's RBCs did not induce RBC destruction through phagocytosis by monocytes or antibody-dependent cell-mediated @entity137 by natural killer cells. Induction of eryptosis (ie, RBC apoptosis) due to direct alteration of the RBC membrane by @entity24519 autoantibodies was also excluded. By contrast, upon incubation with @entity24519 -opsonized RBCs, substantial RBC membrane transfers (ie, trogocytosis) to monocytes were observed that might contribute to RBC immune destruction. This effect was poorly inhibited by blockers of Fc receptors, excluding a major contribution of FcaRI to this process. Histologic analysis revealed a massive accumulation of agglutinated RBCs with little sign of erythrophagocytosis in the spleen. These results, together with the efficacy of splenectomy 17 months after @entity5506 onset, suggest that the trapping and subsequent sequestration of agglutinated RBCs in the spleen are the principal pathogenic mechanisms of @entity24519 -mediated @entity5506 .

title: IgA-mediated XXXX @entity5506 as a result of hemagglutination in the spleen, but independent of complement activation and FcaRI.

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'AIHA']

entities_list: @entity24519 :: ('5277', 'Gene') :: ['polymeric immunoglobulin A', 'pIgA']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Forty-five consecutive @entity1 with transmural anterior acute @entity583 were prospectively studied to determine the effect of intravenous streptokinase on the incidence of left ventricular thrombi. Three @entity1 died. The remaining @entity1 were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 @entity1 (n = 22) received 750,000 units of intravenous streptokinase within 6 hours of onset of symptoms. Neither thrombolytic therapy or anticoagulants were administered to 18 @entity1 in group 2. Cross-sectional echocardiography was performed 8 to 10 days following acute @entity583 to detect @entity1002 . Technically satisfactory echocardiography was not possible in 2 @entity1 . Apical @entity910 or @entity910 was observed in all @entity1 . No @entity1 in the treated group developed @entity1002 compared with 8 of 18 (44.4%) in group 2 (P less than 0.05). One @entity1 in the control group sustained an @entity64 . Thus intravenous streptokinase significantly reduces the incidence of @entity1002 formation in @entity1 of transmural anterior acute @entity583 .

title: Reduced incidence of left ventricular thrombi with intravenous streptokinase in XXXX : prospective evaluation by cross-sectional echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'akinesia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute anterior myocardial infarction']


abstract: The fixed combination of @entity918 25 mg and @entity9355 50 mg and the free combination of @entity1483 40 mg and @entity9355 50 mg were compared as maintenance treatment in @entity1 who were in a stable condition after an episode of @entity712 . All the @entity1 were on digitalis. The trial was of the cross-over design. The treatment order was randomized at each centre. Each treatment lasted for 8 weeks. Of the 37 @entity1 entering the study 30 were suitable for analysis. Both treatments were equally effective in maintaining bodyweight at the same level and in influencing symptoms. The free combination decreased the blood pressure slightly more than the fixed combination, especially the systolic pressure. One-third of the @entity1 were @entity101 at the outset (diastolic pressure greater than 95 mm Hg) and in them the effects of the two treatments were not significantly different. The majority of the @entity1 (80%) preferred treatment with the fixed combination because it caused slower and less frequent micturition.

title: Cross-over comparison of the fixed combination of @entity918 and XXXX and the free combination of @entity1483 and @entity9355 in the maintenance treatment of @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity9355 :: ('MESH:D014223', 'Chemical') :: ['triamterene']

answer: @entity9355 :: (MESH:D014223,Chemical) :: ['triamterene']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ineffectiveness of microbiological methods in the lower @entity1729 are caused by anachronistic sampling methods. Authors checked the protected specimen brush effectiveness and those of the influencing factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 103 @entity1 were involved in the study. The causative agents were identified in 44 cases. These results were compared to last year's classic sampling techniques and they experienced 20.4% improvement of the sensitivity. Further increasing in effectiveness can be reached if we perform bacteriological sampling after the first unsuccessful antibiotic treatment was performed. Out of 103 examined @entity1 only 69 underwent antibiotic treatment. In the case of 13 @entity1 after the course of one type antibiotic treatment 10 positive bacteriological cultures were positive. In the case of 31 @entity1 2 types of antibiotics were administered sequentially and examined afterwards and the authors found 15 positive bacteriological cultures. In the case of 25 @entity1 the administered sequentially 3 times of antibiotics and examined afterwards, 6 cultures were positive. CONCLUSION: The examinations prove that the protected specimen brush, used in time, raises the sensitivity of microbiological processes.

title: [Bronchoscopic specimen collection, role of the protected specimen brush in lower XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: Introduction: Ultrasonography may be valuable in staging @entity923 severity, especially by combining multiple measures. This study aimed to develop a preliminary severity staging model using multiple sonographic and clinical measures. Methods: Measures were obtained in 104 @entity1 . Multiple categorization structures for each variable were correlated to diagnostic severity based on nerve conduction. Goodness-of-fit was evaluated for models using iterative combinations of highly correlated variables. Using the best-fit model, a preliminary scoring system was developed, and frequency of misclassification was calculated. Results: The severity staging model with best fit (Rho 0.90) included @entity1 -reported symptoms, functional deficits, provocative testing, nerve @entity129 appearance. An 8-point scoring scale classified severity accurately for 79.8% of @entity1 . Discussion: This severity staging model is a novel approach to @entity923 evaluation. Including more sensitive measures of nerve vascularity, nerve excursion, or other emerging techniques may refine this preliminary model.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX severity staging using sonographic and clinical measures.

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cross-sectional area, and nerve longitudinal']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['Carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A common polymorphic variant of the @entity9045 ( @entity9045 ) is because of genomic deletion of exon 3 and has been linked with increased responsiveness to exogenous GH. The impact of this polymorphism in @entity2012 , a disease characterized by endogenous excess of GH and partial loss of @entity442 feedback on tumoural GH secretion, is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate possible influences of d3GHR on the GH/ @entity442 relationship and metabolic parameters in @entity2012 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective study on 76 acromegalic @entity1 . Genotype analysis was carried out on leucocyte DNA by multiplex PCR assay. Clinical, hormonal and biochemical parameters at diagnosis were collected from @entity1 ' medical records. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 (55.3%) were homozygotes for the allele encoding the full-length @entity9045 (fl/flGHR), 27 @entity1 were heterozygotes (fl/d3) and seven homozygotes (d3/d3) for the genomic deletion of exon 3. Heterozygotes and homozygotes for the d3 allele were considered together (d3GHR) and compared with fl/flGHR @entity1 . d3GHR and fl/flGHR @entity1 showed no difference in GH and @entity442 levels or in the relationship between these two parameters. @entity1 bearing d3GHR had a lower body mass index (BMI) than @entity1 bearing fl/flGHR (25.8 +/- 2.1 vs. 28.1 +/- 4.8 kg/m(2), P < 0.05). @entity6 and @entity101 were equally distributed, but more d3GHR @entity1 had a normal @entity413 tolerance (66.7%vs. 56.3%, P < 0.05). The presence of d3 @entity9045 allele, and not BMI or age, was a significant negative predictor of insulin levels 120 min after oral @entity413 load (beta = -80.8, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the hypothesis that the d3GHR is functionally different from the fl/fl variant mostly for the effects on body weight regulation and on @entity413 metabolism.

title: d3- XXXX polymorphism in @entity2012 : effects on metabolic phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity9045 :: ('2690', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone receptor', 'GHR']

answer: @entity9045 :: (2690,Gene) :: ['Growth hormone receptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: That @entity94 ( @entity94 ) plays a major role in inflammatory angiogenesis has been well established. This pilot study was designed to evaluate experimental treatment with bevacizumab eyedrops in @entity7499 induced by alkali burn. The feasibility of topical administration, corneal cell viability and corneal penetration were investigated in an animal model. METHODS: Eighteen chinchilla bastard @entity95 corneas injured with 1 m @entity6674 were divided into three groups: untreated, early and late treatment groups. Eyedrops of bevacizumab solution (25 mg/ml) were administered five times daily. Clinical examination under stereoscopic microscope was performed to evaluate @entity5575 , @entity2295 , vessel size and @entity4 . Histopathology was analysed for vessel density and apoptotic reaction. Additionally, intracameral bevacizumab concentration was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after repeated topical applications. RESULTS: A fast increase in aqueous bevacizumab concentration was achieved when the solution was instilled every minute onto a healthy eye surface. As well as clear anti-angiogenic effects, anti-fibrotic effects were also seen after corneal burn, maintaining corneal transparency. Early treatment of actively growing vessels showed a significantly better outcome, although apoptosis of pre-existing vessels could also be induced by the late treatment. No specific @entity137 was seen regarding epithelium, keratocytes or endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this pilot study suggest that bevacizumab eyedrops can sufficiently penetrate the corneal stroma and anterior chamber. When administered soon after alkali burn, bevacizumab seems to significantly reduce @entity16 . Combinations of established treatment regimens with topical bevacizumab might be considered in severe injuries with otherwise devastating prognoses.

title: Safety, penetration and efficacy of topically applied bevacizumab: evaluation of eyedrops in XXXX after chemical burn.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['corneal damage']

entities_list: @entity94 :: ('100008899(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity7499 :: (MESH:D016510,Disease) :: ['corneal neovascularization']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The financial burden of caring for @entity68 -related complications (IRCs) is an emerging medical problem in Korea, as in Western countries. We produced a preliminary estimate of the costs of treating @entity1 for IRCs. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 who had received multiple transfusions were reviewed. Newly developed @entity296 , @entity712 , @entity6 , @entity1575 , and @entity96 were defined as IRCs. The costs of laboratory studies, medication, oxygenation, intervention, and education were calculated using working criteria we defined. Costs that had a definite causal relationship with IRCs were included to produce as accurate an estimate as possible. RESULTS: Between 2002 and 2006, 650 @entity1 with @entity1503 , including 358 with @entity3052 , 102 with @entity706 , 58 with @entity2590 or @entity66 , 46 with @entity1582 , and 31 with @entity1778 , received more than 10 units of red blood cells. Nine @entity1 developed IRCs. The primary diagnoses of eight @entity1 were @entity2150 and that of one @entity1 was @entity1072 . Two @entity1 who had @entity6 were excluded because one was treated at another hospital and the other was diagnosed as @entity8666 -induced @entity6 . Of the seven @entity1 included, @entity1575 developed in two, @entity712 in four, and @entity6 in three. Some of them had two diagnoses. The total cost attributed to IRCs for the seven @entity1 was 47,388,241 KRW (approximately 50,000 USD). CONCLUSIONS: The medical costs of IRCs are considerable, and more effective @entity68 -chelating therapy is necessary to save medical resources and improve @entity1 care. More in the way of comprehensive health and economic studies of IRCs are needed to allow both clinicians and health-policy makers to make better decisions.

title: Cost analysis of XXXX -related complications in a single institute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8666 :: ('MESH:D010110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxymetholone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['chronic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The presence of carotid plaques is associated with future cardiovascular events, with local plaque composition being an independent outcome predictor. We examined the association between ultrasonographically determined carotid plaque calcification and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and @entity204 in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We enrolled 581 @entity1 with @entity2175 who underwent routine carotid ultrasonography. Plaques were classified as echolucent (lipid rich), heterogenous, and echogenic ( @entity730 ). We collected demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data at baseline and followed the @entity1 for up to 9 years. RESULTS: Plaques were detected in 81.8% of the @entity1 (echolucent in 16.4%, heterogenous in 43.2%, and echogenic in 22.2%). During follow-up (4.3    0.1 years), 58 @entity204 (27 cardiovascular) and 236 fatal and nonfatal MACE occurred. In univariate analyses, presence versus absence of any carotid plaque was associated with incident MACE, and the hazard ratio (95% CI) progressively increased from echolucent (1.97 [0.93-3.44]), to heterogeneous (3.10 [2.09-4.23]), to echogenic (3.71 [2.09-5.59]). Compared with echolucent plaques, echogenic plaques were associated with incident MACE independently from confounders. This association was attenuated after adjusting for the degree of @entity850 , but in @entity1 with @entity850  <=30%, echogenic plaque type still predicted total and atherosclerotic MACE, even after further adjusting for mean intima media thickness. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity2175 , carotid plaque calcification predicts MACE, especially in @entity1 with a low degree of @entity850 . The biology of @entity731 in @entity6 needs to be further elucidated to understand the basis of this association.

title: Carotid Plaque Calcification Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic calcification']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5503 Purpose: Is accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy with 70.6 Gy plus concurrent @entity1487 / @entity1139 (C-HART) more effective than a dose escalated HART scheme with 77.6 Gy alone? MATERIAL/METHODS: The treatment consisted of 70.6 Gy plus @entity1487 / @entity1139 (C-HART) versus a 10% dose escalated HART of 77.6 Gy alone. Concurrently with C-HART @entity1139 at a dosage of 10mg/m(2) on days 5 and 35 and @entity1487 at a dosage of 600mg/m(2) as 120 hrs. c.i. during days 1-5 were delivered. @entity5 manifestations received 70.6 Gy (C-HART) or 77.6 Gy (HART), lymphatic drainage with high or low risk of metastatic spread, 60 Gy and 50 Gy, respectively. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 60 months for 384 @entity1 , which were all analyzed according to the intent to treat principle. 84% of all @entity1 were males, 16% females. 59.5% of all @entity1 suffered from oropharyngeal, 32.4% from hypopharyngeal and 8.3% from oral @entity5 . 93.8% of all @entity1 (n=350) were diagnosed with stage IV and only 6.2% (n=23) with stage III. @entity1 were stratified according to @entity5 site, N-stage and participating centre. The actuarial locoregional control, overall and progressionfree survival rates at 5 years for C-HART versus HART, respectively, were 49.9% (95% CI: 42.3-58.7%) vs. 37.4% (95% CI: 30.4-46.0%, p=0.0009), 28.6% (95% CI:22.5-36.3%) vs. 23.7% (95% CI: 18.2-30.9%, p=0.02) and 29.3% (95% CI: 23.0-37.3%) vs. 26.6% (95% CI: 20.7-34.3%, p=0.009). The median LRC-period was 48 months vs. 15 mos., the OS-period 23 mos. vs. 16 mos.and the PFS-period 16 vs. 11 mos. for C-HART vs. HART, respectively. The actuarial freedon from metastases rates (C-HART vs. HART), were 51.9% (95% CI: 43.5-61.9%) vs. 54.7% (95% CI: 46.1-64.9%, p=0.58). Five and eight items, which were documented for acute and late normal tissue reactions, respectively, showed no significant difference between both treatment arms indicating equitoxicity and late morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: At equitoxic levels of acute and late normal tissue reactions for both treatment arms, C-HART is more effective than HART in all endpoints with the exception of the MFS-rates indicating an improvement of the therapeutic ratio. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Accelerated hyperfractionated chemoradiation (C-HART) plus @entity1487 / XXXX is superior to HART for inoperable locally advanced head and neck cancer. Final results of the German ARO 95-06 Multicentre Trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cavity tumors', 'tumor', 'Macroscopic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1139 :: (CHEBI:27504,Chemical) :: ['MMC']


abstract: Acute @entity788 has a mortality of about 10%: this figure has not changed over the last 20 years. A retrospective audit of fatal @entity656 was performed in a teaching hospital with a catchment population of about 750,000 @entity1 to examine @entity1 characteristics. Using Hospital Activity Analysis code 577.0, all fatal cases of @entity656 were studied in a six-year period 1987-93. Additionally, all post mortem diagnoses of @entity656 were traced. The overall post mortem rate in Nottingham at the time of the study was about 35%. All available records, X-ray and biochemical data were studied and appropriate information recorded and analysed for 65 fatal cases. Only 15% were post mortem diagnoses, lower than in previous series; 72% had respiratory and 67% had @entity8 . Only 34% had been admitted to the intensive care unit. A third of @entity1 had had surgery; 67% of these was some form of external drainage. Of the 14 @entity1 with proven @entity788 only three had endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; 42% of @entity1 had @entity191 . Not all the @entity1 diagnosed ante mortem had the full biochemical predicted severity criteria analysed: @entity4095 and @entity460 analysis was performed in about 80%. Pre-mortem diagnoses of @entity788 was achieved more frequently than in other comparable series.

title: An audit of fatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal complications']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: Elderly @entity1 , due to @entity16 and @entity2057 , present a greater propensity to falls and thus are very susceptible to @entity173 . Other variables, such as @entity170 , may also be related to the etiopathogenesis of @entity173 , although @entity170 is in fact a concurrent disease, and merely a coadjutant cause. Nonetheless, @entity170 can make @entity174 patterns more severe and interfere with osteosynthesis. @entity170 is the radiological image of @entity2331 , a pathological concept meaning a smaller quantity of bone per unit of volume. The radiological expression of @entity2331 is therefore that of bone tissue with a lower radiological density than normal. In the context of @entity173 , bone mineral density and bone architecture of the femoral neck together with protein expression profiles and cross-links of this anatomical area are of special interest which is reviewed in the current paper. Spatial variations in bone mineral density in the femoral neck were found in the literature with increased porosity from the periosteal to the endosteal region and also from the distal to the proximal part of the femoral neck. Furthermore, increased crystal size, increased cortical porosity, reduced osteocyte lacunar density and an increased @entity9495 /P ratio associated with higher concentrations of @entity9495 and P were described in hip @entity174 @entity1 compared to control @entity1 . Osteocalcin/collagen type 1 expression ratio and enzymatic cross-link content in high-density bone was found to be significantly lower in @entity173 compared to controls. In conclusion, further research in bone mineral density and associated parameters are of interest to deepen the understanding of @entity173 .

title: Bone mineral density aspects in the femoral neck of hip @entity174 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological conditions']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic hip fractures', 'hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscular atrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: SUMMARY: Endovascular treatment of wide neck @entity438 is technically difficult and leads to less favorable treatment results and long term outcome. We participated in a multicenter prospective study to evaluate the safety and performance of a new self-expandable @entity5648 micro stent (Neuroform) in stent assisted coil occlusion of wide neck @entity438 . Eighteen @entity1 were enrolled in the study in a single center. The anatomy of the target @entity439 and the parent vessel, technical details of the procedure, device functionality, anatomic and clinical results were evaluated. All enrolled @entity439 were either wide necked or showed an unfavorable neck-to-fundus ratio. In 16 out of 18 @entity1 the Neuroform device allowed stent assisted coil occlusion of the @entity439 . The occlusion rate was 95% in eight @entity1 and 100% in eight @entity1 . The two failures were both due to anatomic reasons. Flexibility of the stent, behavior during deployment and subsequent ability to retain coils within the aneurysmal sac were considered as good as or better than the properties of previous balloon expandable stents. No device-related adverse events were encountered. Procedure-related clinical complications occurred in seven @entity1 but caused no severe permanent @entity51 . The @entity531 stenting system is a safe and effective adjunct for the stent-assisted coil occlusion of wide necked @entity438 . The major advantages of this device are its self-expanding property and very high flexibility which allows safe navigation, easy sizing, as well as accurate positioning of the stent while providing sufficient bridging of the @entity439 neck for subsequent coil placement.

title: Endovascular coil occlusion of XXXX assisted by a novel self-expandable @entity5648 microstent (neuroform).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroform neurovascular']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Poorer @entity64 care processes and outcomes have been reported for @entity64 @entity1 arriving at centres during off hours and weekends. OBJECTIVE: To compare each step of the continuous specialized care that @entity64 Centres (SC) provide according to time of admission and final outcome. METHODS: Observational study of consecutive @entity64 @entity1 admitted to SC during 2008 and 2009. @entity1 were classified into two groups according to their arrival time: Work Hours (WH) and Off Hour (OH) (weekends and any time other than 8:00 am to 3:00 pm on weekdays). Differences in time to diagnostic procedures, tPA administration, @entity64 outcome [modified Rankin Scale, (mRS)] and in-hospital fatality rates were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 912 @entity1 were admitted. Data from 674 @entity1 fulfilling study criteria were analysed. A total of 434 (64.4%) @entity1 arrived during OH. No differences in @entity64 severity were found when comparing OH and WH. Time to blood test results was higher for WH (median 67 min vs. 47 min; P < 0.01), but time to cranial CT scan was similar. Intravenous tPA was administered to 58 (16.4%) OH vs. 26 (13.1%) WH @entity1 (P = 0.33). OH arrival was not associated with poorer outcome (mRS >=  3) at discharge (32.8% vs. 37%; P = 0.27), or at the 3-month follow-up (30.6% vs. 27.6%, P = 0.52). No differences were found for in-hospital fatality rates (5.8% vs. 5.4%, P = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The care provided by SC with neurologists on call 24/7 prevents differences in outcomes associated with time of admission and guarantees equal attention to @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Off-hour effects on @entity64 care and outcome in XXXX centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: High on- @entity1397 platelet reactivity has been associated with an increased risk for atherothrombotic events. A new player on the horizon is the IMPACT-R @entity857 -test using @entity857 pre-stimulation. We here report the results of a thorough evaluation of this new device. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The IMPACT-R @entity857 -test was evaluated in different categories of subjects. First, normal range values were determined in healthy subjects (n=46). Second, the effect of 600 mg of @entity1397 was evaluated with the IMPACT-R @entity857 -test and two other well-validated methods (flowcytometric @entity19319 -analysis and optical aggregometry) in 21 @entity1 . Third, a head-to-head comparison between the IMPACT-R @entity857 -test and optical aggregometry was performed in a large cohort of @entity1 on dual antiplatelet therapy. RESULTS: The results of the IMPACT-R @entity857 -test were highly variable throughout healthy subjects. The administration of a high @entity1397 loading dose resulted in a small but significant increase in surface coverage but 61.9% of the @entity1 were still identified as @entity1397 nonresponder. In contrast, optical aggregometry and @entity19319 -analysis identified 24% and 33% of these @entity1 as a @entity1397 nonresponder, respectively. Head-to-head comparison with optical aggregometry in 451 @entity1 showed only a modest correlation between both methods (r approximately 0.20, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The IMPACT-R @entity857 -test is relatively insensitive to the effects of @entity1397 and cannot substitute for methods such as flowcytometric @entity19319 -analysis and optical aggregometry. Further studies are required to establish the clinical usefulness of IMPACT-R @entity857 -test to accurately predict the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events in @entity1 with high on- @entity1397 platelet reactivity before it can be implemented in clinical practice.

title: The Cone-and-Plate(let) analyzer is not suitable to monitor XXXX therapy: a comparison with the flowcytometric @entity19319 assay and optical aggregometry.

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Extracellular inorganic @entity9955 (ePPi) plays a key role in the regulation of normal and pathologic mineralization. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the role of P1 and P2 purine receptors in modulating ePPi production by articular chondrocytes. METHODS: Porcine cartilage explants and chondrocyte monolayers were cultured in the presence of P1 agonists, or a P2 agonist or antagonist and inhibitors of P2 signaling. Ambient media ePPi concentrations were measured after 48-96h. RESULTS: The P1 agonists NECA and @entity15997 significantly decreased ePPi concentrations surrounding chondrocytes and cartilage explants. The P2 agonist, @entity857 , increased ePPi levels, and the P2 antagonist, @entity5747 , decreased ePPi concentrations. @entity2426 and @entity18650 ( @entity18650 ), which dampen @entity141 -related P2 signaling, suppressed the response to @entity857 . CONCLUSIONS: Purine receptors are important regulators of ePPi production by chondrocytes. P1 receptor stimulation diminishes and P2 receptor stimulation enhances ePPi production. Alterations in receptor signaling or aberrations of extracellular purine @entity377 metabolism resulting in abnormal quantities or proportions of P1 and P2 receptor ligands could foster changes in ePPi production that in turn affect mineralization. We propose a homeostatic role for extracellular @entity10228 and @entity10043 receptors in stabilizing ePPi concentrations.

title: Purine receptors modulate chondrocyte extracellular inorganic XXXX production.

entities_list: @entity10228 :: ('MESH:D011685', 'Chemical') :: ['purine nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity18650 :: ('MESH:C025603', 'Chemical') :: ['BAPTA', "1,2 bis-(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N'N'-tetra acetic acid"]

entities_list: @entity9955 :: ('MESH:C107241', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrophosphate']

answer: @entity9955 :: (MESH:C107241,Chemical) :: ['pyrophosphate']


abstract: AIM: We aimed to identify the prognostic factors and the new parameters such as Charlson's comorbidity index (CCI) that might predict @entity260 rates in a radical nephrectomy cohort. We also evaluated the correlation of CCI with the @entity260 scale (CPCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Perioperative characteristics of 47 @entity1 undergoing radical nephrectomy were recorded. Following items were assessed: preoperative @entity1 characteristics including age, gender, CCI, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system category, renal and hepatic functions, type of nephrectomy incision, operative time, clinical stage and histopathological subtype of the @entity5 , and preoperative co-morbid conditions including @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity358 , @entity8 . @entity260 were defined as @entity204 , wound @entity281 , @entity55 , @entity891 , @entity1151 , @entity417 , @entity295 , @entity943 , @entity583 , and @entity1150 . In addition, @entity260 were also graded according to the CPCS and accepted as those occurring within 30  days. RESULTS: Preoperative chronic @entity358 were found to be significant risk factors for the development of @entity260 . Age adjusted odds ratio was 7.112 for @entity358 . The mean CCI in @entity1 who did not develop any @entity260 was 4.49      1.95, whereas it was 5.75      2.60 for @entity1 who developed @entity260 (P  =  0.138). In Spearman correlation analysis, CCI value was found to be significantly correlated with CPCS grade (P  =  0.011, rho value  =  0.366). CONCLUSION: Presence of @entity358 is a strong predictor of @entity260 after radical nephrectomy. @entity1 with higher preoperative CCI scores may have higher postoperative CPCS grades. Additional studies are warranted.

title: XXXX are independent risk factors for complications after radical nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcers, renal and hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication', 'Clavien postoperative complication', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pulmonary disease', 'pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Chronic pulmonary diseases']


abstract: @entity4538 ) infection or reactivation is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals such as transplant recipients. Primary @entity2803 or reactivation of HCMV from latency is mostly asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals and is controlled by the host's cell-mediated immune response. Healthy HCMV seropositive individuals develop high frequencies of HCMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, a direct correlation between the recovery of HCMV-specific CTL responses and an improved outcome of @entity66 could be demonstrated in immunocompromised @entity1 . Deriving from these observations, the strategy of an adoptive transfer of HCMV-specific T cells has been developed. Protective immunity can be transferred successfully by the infusion of donor-derived HCMV-specific @entity405 + cytotoxic T-cell clones or cell lines. In addition, several studies have supported the importance of antiviral effector functions of Th cells in maintaining CTL responses after adoptive transfer and their capacity to produce antiviral cytokines. Until today, a broad variety of clinical protocols for HCMV-specific immunotherapy has been published. These protocols vary regarding the isolation procedure, composition of cellular product, number of transferred cells and thus treatment efficacy. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive synopsis of the current standard of knowledge concerning cellular HCMV-specific immunotherapeutic approaches.

title: Adoptive immunotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['HCMV infection']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HCMV disease']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['HCMV infection']


abstract: Strain 2-79 is a biocontrol agent against take-all, an important disease of @entity3505 caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. In the rhizosphere, it produces the antibiotic @entity11097 ( @entity4901 ) as the primary means of disease suppression. One barrier to commercial use of @entity11098 -producing pseudomonads, like strain 2-79, is the lack of liquid-culture technology for mass production. For instance, there is little published research concerning the impact of liquid-culture secondary metabolism on the biocontrol qualities of the cell harvest, i.e., efficacy, phytotoxicity, and storage survival. Yet it is important to know whether the fermentation process should be designed to enhance or eliminate secondary metabolite accumulation. To enable future exploration of this issue, we identified liquid-culture parameters that could be manipulated to control the @entity11098 productivity of strain 2-79. Our results indicated that @entity4901 accumulation was very sensitive to the culture pH and temperature. It was possible to produce large cell populations with either high or low @entity11098 productivity by choosing to control culture pH at 7 and 8 respectively. Although high cell accumulations were achieved over the broad 25-34 degrees C range studied, high, moderate, or low @entity4901 productivities were observed at 25-27 degrees C, 29-32.5 degrees C, or 34 degrees C respectively. When pH was controlled at 7, specific @entity4901 productions at 25 degrees C could be modulated by the choice of @entity505 source supplied. @entity4901 accumulation per unit biomass reached 0.31 g/g on @entity413 , 0.16 g/g on @entity653 and @entity6122 , and only 0.09 g/g on @entity948 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Liquid-culture pH, temperature, and @entity505 (not nitrogen) source regulate XXXX productivity of the take-all biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79.

entities_list: @entity11097 :: ('MESH:C037165', 'Chemical') :: ['phenazine 1-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity11098 :: ('CHEBI:36674', 'Chemical') :: ['phenazine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity11098 :: (CHEBI:36674,Chemical) :: ['phenazine']


abstract: We herein report a rare case of ectopic @entity3123 ( @entity3981 ) which presented as a @entity5 of the pylorus. A 73-year-old @entity1 came to our hospital presenting with epigastralgia. Esophago-gastroduodenal endoscopy showed no @entity3137 , but a @entity5 was observed around the pylorus. Abdominal computed tomography revealed two round masses. One was located in the pylorus, while the other was found between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava. An examination of a biopsy specimen was inconclusive. We diagnosed a @entity674 or @entity706 preoperatively, and decided to perform an operation in order to confirm the diagnosis and select the optimal treatment. Intraoperatively, the mass in the pylorus invaded the pancreatic head, and the lymph node in the hepatoduodenal ligament was swollen. We performed a pancreaticoduodenectomy as a radical excision. The resected specimen showed the 7.6 x 4.9-cm size @entity5 to mainly originate from the pylorus. Histopathologically, the @entity5 was identified as pancreatic @entity3981 with @entity1600 . The @entity5 cells were labeled by immunohistochemical staining for alpha1-antitrypsin. Because of the @entity5 location, we considered the @entity5 to have originated from the ectopic pancreatic tissue in the stomach. This is only the second case of @entity3981 originating from an @entity788 reported in the literature.

title: @entity3981 arising from an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pancreas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['ectopic pancreas']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity1622 in @entity5 was evaluated and compared with @entity10964 . @entity1622 was given at the dosage of 500 mg perorally twice a day, and @entity10964 was given at the dosage of 500 mg perorally three times a day. Duration of each treatment was 7 days; after a 12-hour wash-out period, @entity1 were given the other drug for another 7 days. A total of 50 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. @entity158 intensity was assessed by 10-point @entity227 ( @entity227 ). @entity1 who had a @entity227 score higher than 5 were included. A total of 47 @entity1 were evaluable. Initial @entity227 score was a mean of 8.57+/-1.33. @entity1622 reduced the @entity158 score by a mean of 4.65+/-3.10, whereas @entity10964 reduced the @entity158 score by a mean of 3.25 < or = 2.85 (p < 0.001). @entity1 were also analyzed in three subgroups according to the presence of nonmetastatic, metastatic, and bone metastatic diseases. In each of these subgroups, @entity1622 reduced the @entity158 score more than @entity10964 ; however, the difference was statistically significant only in @entity1 who had bone @entity3 . Adverse reactions were rare and acceptable with both drugs. Diflusinal is superior to @entity10964 at this dosage and schedule in the treatment of moderate to severe @entity5 .

title: A comparison of two nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( @entity1622 versus XXXX ) in the treatment of moderate to severe @entity5 : a randomized crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analog scale', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity1622 :: ('MESH:D004061', 'Chemical') :: ['diflunisal', 'Diflunisal']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity10964 :: (MESH:D004177,Chemical) :: ['dipyrone']


abstract: @entity455 are encountered frequently in renal biopsy specimens of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and can present in a variety of morphologic forms. True @entity8 (TRLV) is one of the rare @entity455 associated with @entity1988 that has been infrequently reported in the medical literature. The primary focus on glomerular pathology and collective classification of the @entity455 under @entity1252 is one of the reasons why this form of @entity1333 has been under-recognized as a separate disease entity. Here we have comprehensively reviewed the literature on renal vascular involvement in @entity1252 for a better understanding of the epidemiology, morphologic features, pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment of TRLV. It can be morphologically differentiated from other forms of @entity8 in @entity1988 , i.e. @entity4288 , uncomplicated vascular immune deposits, @entity39 , and @entity9818 . Despite close similarities with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody associated @entity1333 (AASV), there are certain morphological differences that warrant a thorough investigation of the possible pauci-immune mechanism of pathogenesis. The @entity1333 follows a severe clinical course in general with rapid progression to @entity177 , although favorable outcomes have been reported in certain cases. The standard use of @entity230 and cytotoxic drugs has yielded variable results in the treatment of TRLV. Current treatment modalities being used in @entity1988 and AASV have been compared in this article with focus on drugs acting on the inflammatory cells implicated in TRLV pathogenesis.

title: True XXXX in @entity1988 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vascular lesions', 'renal lupus vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'Vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory necrotizing vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is a well-known systemic drug for moderate to severe chronic @entity1569 . Recently, @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) has been recommended for @entity1569 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity2098 vs. @entity1500 for the treatment of chronic @entity1569 . METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive @entity1 with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)>10 were randomly assigned for 12 weeks of treatment with either @entity1500 (18 @entity1 ; initial dose, 7.5 mg/week) or @entity2098 (20 @entity1 ; dose; 2 g/day) and were followed for 12 weeks after discontinuing the treatment. The differences between the two groups were analysed at the end of treatment and follow-up comparing with baseline values. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean    SD score for the PASI decreased from 16.46    5.29 at baseline to 3.17    2.35 among 15 @entity1 treated with @entity1500 , whereas the score decreased from 17.43    7.42 to 3.97    5.95 among 17 @entity1 treated with @entity2098 (P>0.05). Twelve weeks after discontinuing the treatment, the scores were 4.77    3.52 and 5.94    4.27, respectively (P>0.05). PASI -75 were achieved in 58.8% of @entity1 in @entity2098 group and 73.3% in @entity1500 group (P > 0.05). Three months after discontinuing the treatment, PASI-75 remained in 33.3% of @entity1 in @entity2098 and 53.3% of @entity1500 group (P > 0.05). Both drugs were well tolerated and side-effects were minor and transient. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in efficacy were found between @entity1500 and @entity2098 groups. @entity2098 may represent a good alternative for the treatment of @entity1569 in @entity1 who are unable to take @entity1500 or other available drugs due to contraindication or @entity137 .

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX vs. methotrexate for the treatment of chronic @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies comment on the association between @entity2909 and symptoms among pregnant @entity1 . These studies generally are retrospective and do not to assess the influence of number of @entity5 or their volume on risk of symptoms. METHODS: Right from the Start is a prospective cohort that enrolled pregnant @entity1 from the southeastern USA between 2000 and 2012. In the first trimester, all @entity1 had standardised ultrasounds to determine the presence or absence of @entity2909 . Symptoms were queried in a telephone survey. We used polytomous logistic regression to model odds of @entity548 , @entity158 , or both symptoms in relation to increasing total fibroid number and volume among white and black @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 4509 @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity2909 was 11%. Among those reporting symptoms (70%), 11% reported only @entity548 , 59% reported only @entity158 , and 30% reported both symptoms. After adjusting for age, race, parity, @entity101 , smoking, @entity285 use, and study site, increasing number of @entity2909 was associated with @entity158 [ @entity8401 , 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 1.33] and both symptoms [OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08, 1.45] but not with @entity548 among all @entity1 . Fibroid volume was not associated with symptoms among black @entity1 , but white @entity1 with the smallest fibroid volumes were more likely to report both symptoms than those without @entity2909 [OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.17, 2.72]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 are not requisite for experiencing symptoms, as small @entity2909 and increasing number of @entity5 are associated with @entity158 and both symptoms.

title: The Relationship between Total Fibroid Burden and First Trimester Bleeding and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Very large tumours', 'tumours']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: @entity943 ( @entity943 ) are influenced by the vegetative balance. This cannot be measured during daily life at present. Otherwise HR and @entity943 can be detected with a high accuracy using the Holter-Method (HM). Therefore we investigated the relationship of HR, @entity943 and @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) in @entity1 with @entity301 (CHD: 342 HM; normal @entity1002 33%, moderate reduced 33%, reduced 35%) and dilative @entity296 (DCM: 225 HM, @entity1002 normal 13%, moderate reduced 39%, reduced 48%), with special emphasis on the problem, whether @entity591 during chronic congestion will stimulate @entity943 ( @entity943 due to @entity4372 ) or will suppress @entity943 (overdrive suppression). Furthermore we evaluated, whether @entity1 with a loss of the circadian pattern (CP) of HR or @entity943 , who demonstrated an uniform high HR (due to the enhanced sympathic tone), were on higher risk of dying than other collectives. HM were analysed using the computer-supported "Multipass-Scanning" system. The decreasing @entity1002 coincides with an increase in HR and a @entity299 (i.e. dHR-day-night greater than or equal to 10 b.p.m.). The amount of the @entity299 depends on the mean HR during day in the manner of a direct relationship. The prevalence of premature @entity1540 (PVC) increases with decreasing @entity1002 from 39 to 53% (CHD) and from 47 to 63%. A positive circadian pattern of the PVC exists in 60% of CHD and in 84% of DCM, which also decreases with the @entity1002 to 54 vs. 52%. Independent from a CP in two thirds of the @entity1 VA were stimulated and in one third suppressed with a worsening of the @entity1002 . The phenomenon of an overdrive suppression of VA starts with a HR of 90 b.p.m. and higher. The 40% mortality in @entity1 with an uniform (day and night) high HR (greater than 90 b.p.m.) was significantly higher than in other collectives (10%).

title: [Heart rate and @entity943 in long-term ECG in XXXX with @entity301 and dilated cardiomyopathy with reference to left ventricular function].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopics']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HR-CP', 'loss of HR-CP']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['an increased sympathic tone']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'Heart-rate (HR) and arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left-ventricular function', 'LVF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']