abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity3926 is a new oral anticoagulant recently approved for the prevention of @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Based on its pharmacokinetic profile, @entity3926 is dosed twice daily. This analysis provides a quantitative rationale for the selection of the dose regimen in this population. METHODS: The pharmacokinetic profile of @entity3926 was simulated for @entity955 @entity1 given a total daily dose of 300   mg, either once or twice daily. Simulations were based on a population pharmacokinetic model supplemented with data collected from 9522 @entity1 enrolled in a pivotal phase III study (RE-LY). RESULTS: The typical RE-LY @entity1 (male, 72 years old, Caucasian, weight 80   kg, @entity1011 clearance 68.64   mL/min) treated with @entity3926 150   mg twice daily showed less than two-fold difference between peak-trough plasma levels compared with a five-fold difference when the same total dose (300   mg) was administered once daily. For @entity1 who miss or delay taking one scheduled @entity3926 dose, twice daily dosing maintained adequate minimum trough concentrations better than once daily dosing. Pharmacokinetic data collected from a phase II study and RE-LY were consistent with the simulation results. The study did not access comparative efficacy and @entity548 data for once versus twice daily dosing. CONCLUSION: Pharmacokinetic simulations show that a twice daily regimen in @entity1 with @entity955 minimizes daily fluctuations in plasma concentrations of @entity3926 and can maintain trough concentrations sufficient to prevent the development of thrombi while at the same time minimizing the risk of @entity548 due to supratherapeutic peak plasma concentrations. The efficacy and safety of this dosing regimen is supported by clinical data from the RE-LY trial.

title: Twice daily dosing of XXXX for @entity64 prevention in @entity955 : a pharmacokinetic justification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran', 'dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3926 :: (MESH:C554682,Chemical) :: ['dabigatran']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate changes in serum @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ) and their significance in @entity1 with left-to-right shunt @entity299 ( @entity299 ) associated with @entity712 ( @entity1585 ). METHODS: Twenty healthy @entity1 (control group), 20 @entity1 with @entity1585 , without basic @entity299 ( @entity1585 group), 20 @entity1 with left-to-right shunt @entity299 , without @entity1585 ( @entity299 group), and 30 @entity1 with left-to-right shunt @entity299 associated with @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ) were included in the study. These groups were compared in terms of serum @entity442 and @entity2301 levels. According to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification, the @entity1585 was further divided into NYHA-II, NYHA-III and NYHA-IV subgroups and the subgroups were compared in terms of serum @entity442 , @entity2301 , and @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) levels. The correlation of serum @entity442 and @entity2301 levels with serum @entity6949 level in the @entity1585 was analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity299 group showed decreased serum @entity442 and @entity2301 levels compared with the control group (P<0.01). The @entity1585 showed a significantly decreased serum @entity442 level compared with the control group (P<0.01) and @entity299 group (P<0.05). The @entity1585 group had significantly increased serum @entity442 and @entity2301 levels compared with other groups (P<0.01). The NYHA-II subgroup had the highest serum @entity442 level and the NYHA-IV subgroup had the lowest serum @entity442 level (P<0.01). In the @entity1585 , serum @entity442 and @entity2301 levels were negatively correlated with serum @entity6949 level (r=-0.692, P<0.05; r=-0.530, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity442 level can be used as an objective condition evaluation indicator for @entity299 , and low serum @entity442 level is a risk factor for @entity1585 . This also provides a clinical basis for treatment of @entity1585 using exogenous @entity442 .

title: [Changes in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3, and their significance in @entity1 with left-to-right shunt XXXX associated with @entity712 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'heart disease', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Although it is inarguable that conventional MRI (cMRI) has greatly contributed to the diagnosis and assessment of @entity15 ( @entity15 ), cMRI does not show close correlation with clinical findings or pathologic features, and is unable to predict prognosis or stratify disease severity. To this end, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with tractography and neuroconnectivity analysis may assist disease assessment in @entity15 . We, therefore, attempted this pilot study for initial assessment of early @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ). Neuroconnectivity analysis was used for evaluation of 24 early @entity3780 @entity1 within 2 years of presentation, and compared to the network measures of a group of 30 age-and-gender-matched normal control subjects. To account for the situation that the connections between two adjacent regions may be disrupted by an @entity15 , a new metric, network communicability, was adopted to measure both direct and indirect connections. For each anatomical area, the brain network communicability and average path length were computed and compared to characterize the network changes in efficiencies. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) loss of communicability was revealed in our @entity3780 cohort, particularly in the frontal and hippocampal/parahippocampal regions as well as the motor strip and occipital lobes. Correlation with the 25-foot Walk test with communicability measures in the left superior frontal (r = -0.71) as well as the left superior temporal gyrus (r = -0.43) and left postcentral gyrus (r = -0.41) were identified. Additionally identified were increased communicability between the deep gray matter structures (left thalamus and putamen) with the major interhemispheric and intrahemispheric white matter tracts, the corpus callosum, and cingulum, respectively. These foci of increased communicability are thought to represent compensatory changes. The proposed DTI-based neuroconnectivity analysis demonstrated quantifiable, structurally relevant alterations of fiber tract connections in early @entity3780 and paves the way for longitudinal studies in larger @entity1 groups.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging based network analysis detects alterations of neuroconnectivity in @entity1 with clinically early relapsing-remitting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'MS lesion', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exposure to nephrotoxic medication is among the most common causes of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in hospitalized @entity1 . Here we conducted a prospective quality improvement project implementing a systematic Electronic Health Record screening and decision support process (trigger) in our quaternary pediatric inpatient hospital. Eligible @entity1 were noncritically ill hospitalized @entity1 receiving an intravenous @entity5292 for more than 3 days or more than 3 nephrotoxins simultaneously (exposure) from September 2011 through March 2015. Pharmacists recommended daily serum @entity1011 monitoring in exposed @entity1 after appearance on the trigger report and @entity810 was defined by the @entity8 Improving Global Outcomes @entity810 criteria. A total of 1749 @entity1 accounted for 2358 separate hospital admissions during which a total of 3243 episodes of nephrotoxin exposure were identified with 170 @entity1 (9.7%) experiencing 2 or more exposures. A total of 575 individual @entity810 episodes occurred over the 43-month study period. Overall, the exposure rate decreased by 38% (11.63-7.24 exposures/1000 @entity1 days), and the @entity810 rate decreased by 64% (2.96-1.06 episodes/1000 @entity1 days). Assuming initial baseline exposure rates would have persisted without our project implementation, we estimate 633 exposures and 398 @entity810 episodes were avoided. Thus, systematic surveillance for nephrotoxic medication exposure and near real-time @entity810 risk can lead to sustained reductions in avoidable harm. These interventions and outcomes are translatable to other pediatric and nonpediatric hospitalized settings.

title: A sustained quality improvement program reduces nephrotoxic medication-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate separately the influence of restoration of distal pulse pressure and the influence of factors related to operation upon hemodynamic and hormonal alterations accompanying repair of @entity235 @entity1498 . Eight normal adult @entity235 underwent a sham operation and served as controls. In 10 @entity235 the thoracic aorta was transfected and reanastomosed. In 10 @entity235 @entity1498 was created within 1 week of birth by banding the aorta just proximal to the ductus ligament, thereby fixing lumenal diameter at 1 to 2 mm. Studies were performed in the latter animals 18 months after operation. These @entity235 were subdivided into two groups: one (n = 6) underwent surgical repair of the @entity1498 ; in the other (n = 4), the @entity1498 was repaired and an occluder was placed on the aorta to maintain distal aortic pulse pressure at its diminished preoperative level. Normal distal pulse pressure was restored in these animals by releasing the occluder 1 week after recovery from the repair of @entity1498 . Each @entity235 was studied in the conscious state before the definitive procedure and again 24 hr later. Plasma @entity1122 activity increased significantly after operation in the sham and in the transection groups. @entity1122 activity and proximal blood pressure were significantly elevated and distal pulse pressure was diminished preoperatively in both the repair and the occluder groups. After their respective definitive procedures, the elevation in @entity1122 activity and in proximal pressure persisted in the repair group but decreased in the occluder group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Operative factors, not hemodynamics, modify hormones in repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation', 'coarctation']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation']


abstract: The purpose of this article is to draw attention to atypical presentation of medial medullary @entity1188 (MMI). With advanced imaging techniques, small @entity1188 occurring in the medulla are more easily identified. It is difficult, however, to make a clinical diagnosis of MMI if both @entity6256 and @entity425 are absent, because motor @entity425 is considered a cardinal manifestation of MMI. We describe here three @entity1 who developed central @entity394 due to MMI without limb and @entity425 . Case 1: A 44-year-old, @entity6 @entity1 developed @entity391 and numbness on her left upper limb. Examination revealed unidirectional horizontal and @entity346 toward the right side. There were no @entity4820 and @entity6256 . Barr   arm and leg signs and @entity2055 were absent. Romberg sign was negative. @entity1183 was present on her left forearm, hand, and fingers. Thumb-localizing test was normal. Cranial MRI demonstrated an @entity1188 in the right paramedian region of the upper medulla. MR angiography demonstrated irregularity of the basilar and the left vertebral arteries. Case 2: A 69-year-old @entity1 suffered from @entity1296 and @entity390 . She showed unidirectional, left-beating @entity346 . There were no @entity4820 and @entity6256 , Barr   arm and leg signs, and @entity2055 . MRI disclosed an @entity1188 in the left upper medial medulla. Case 3: A 47-year-old @entity1 developed vertigo when turning over in bed. He showed @entity346 without latency, when lying down. @entity4820 and @entity6256 were absent MRI showed bilateral MMI, with the right lesion being larger than the left. MR angiography demonstrated a @entity850 in the distal portion of the left internal carotid artery but not in the @entity5525 and their branches. This case represents central positional vertigo. @entity394 seen in cases 1 and 2 was incomplete and incongruent, suggesting dysfunction of the central vestibular system. There have been only nine cases of MMI with @entity346 in primary position, including unidirectional horizontorotatory nystagmus. In these cases, @entity346 toward the side of the lesion. In sharp contrast, @entity346 typically beats away from the lesion side in cases of @entity5487 , suggesting different underlying mechanism. Unidirectional horizontal and @entity346 is generally associated with peripheral @entity394 . There has been no reported case of MMI presenting with @entity394 preserving motor power. Thus, this "benign" form of MMI might have been misdiagnosed as peripheral @entity394 before the era of MRI.

title: [Medial medullary @entity1188 : report of three @entity1 presented with central @entity394 without limb and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['man', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral and basilar arteries']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['Hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglossal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['lingual weakness', 'limb weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarctions']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal nystagmus', 'left-beating nystagmus', 'rotatory nystagmus beating', 'rotatory nystagmus', 'horizontal nystagmus beats']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['Wallenberg syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular dysfunction', 'Vestibular syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ['Horner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['limb ataxia']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['lingual weakness']


abstract: A 1-year-old half-Arabian colt was referred for evaluation of a @entity129 . Physical examination revealed the left wing of the atlas to be more ventral than the right wing. A head tilt, with the pole deviated to the left, was present because of the malpositioned atlas. Neurologic examination identified symmetrical weakness, @entity2055 , and @entity3325 in all four limbs. Radiographs of the cranial cervical region revealed fusion of the atlas and @entity2270 , and deviation of the atlantoaxial joint to the left of the median plane. Euthanasia was elected. Necropsy confirmed the radiographic findings. The atlas was rotated 20 degrees counterclockwise when viewed from the caudal aspect. Multifocal myelomalacia was present in the first and second cervical spinal cord segments. The @entity600 was believed to be due to a degenerative process or abnormal embryological development.

title: XXXX in a half-Arabian colt.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial cervical abnormality']

entities_list: @entity3325 :: ('MESH:D020886', 'Disease') :: ['proprioceptive deficits']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Atlantoaxial malformation']


abstract: The association of autoimmunity with antitumor immunity challenges a paradigm of selective surveillance against @entity5 . Aided with well-characterized models of robust autoimmunity, we show that self-antigen-specific effector T (Teff) cell clones could eradicate @entity5 cells. However, a @entity5 microenvironment reinforced by Treg cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) presented a barrier to the autoimmune effectors, more so in @entity5 than in healthy tissues. This barrier required optimal @entity4386 expression in Teff cells. In a spontaneous model of @entity0 , subtle reductions in @entity4386 expression impeded @entity5 onset and progression, providing the first direct evidence that @entity4386 inhibits spontaneous @entity5 development. In an adoptive therapy model of @entity706 , self-antigen-specific Teff cells were potentiated by even a modest reduction of @entity4386 . A subtle reduction of @entity4386 did not curtail Treg-cell suppression. Thus, Teff cells had an exquisite sensitivity to physiological levels of @entity4386 variations. However, both Treg and Teff cells were impacted by anti- @entity4386 antibody blockade. Therefore, whether @entity4386 impacts through Treg cells or Teff cells depends on its expression level. Overall, the results suggest that the @entity5 microenvironment represents an "immunoprivileged self" that could be overcome practically and at least partially by RNAi silencing of @entity4386 in Teff cells.

title: Autoimmunity-mediated antitumor immunity: XXXX as an immunoprivileged self.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A novel, highly sensitive method for the determination of @entity50810 (PA) in @entity1 plasma is described. In addition, the method provides for the conversion of the @entity13629 , @entity2134 (P), to PA so that a total drug presence can be determined. Using novel high-performance liquid chromatographic conditions capable of separating P, @entity2134 (I-P), PA and @entity50810 (I-PA) from each other and from endogenous plasma impurities, it was confirmed that P exclusively and quantitatively converts to PA in heparinized @entity1 plasma during storage. For the determination of PA, the selective extraction of PA from protein-free plasma was accomplished using two different solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges in two consecutive SPE steps. After extraction, PA was lactonized with @entity6146 back to P, and both P and an internal standard were acylated using @entity50811 ( @entity40758 ). The trifluoroacetylated derivatives were monitored using gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometric (MS) detection. This procedure allowed the sensitive and reliable determination of PA with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 ng/ml, which could not be achieved using previously described methods. The assay was validated in the concentration range of 1 to 10 ng/ml with an intra-day precision (expressed as the coefficient of variation, C.V.) ranging from 9.9 to 0.5%. Inter-day precision for the quality control standard at 2.5 ng/ml showed a C.V. of 10.2%. Accuracy ranged from 94 to 102%. The assay was used to monitor the maximum systemic exposure to P, administered by the ocular route, in terms of total plasma PA (P and PA).

title: Determination of XXXX in @entity1 plasma by capillary gas chromatography with mass-selective detection.

entities_list: @entity6146 :: ('MESH:D014269', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity50810 :: ('MESH:C029118', 'Chemical') :: ['isopilocarpic acid', 'pilocarpic acid']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['isopilocarpine', 'pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity50811 :: ('MESH:C007924', 'Chemical') :: ['heptafluorobutyric anhydride']

answer: @entity50810 :: (MESH:C029118,Chemical) :: ['pilocarpic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of outlet strut @entity174 (OSF) in Bj  rk-Shiley convexo concave (BSCC) valves in relation to @entity1 ' clinical and valve characteristics. DESIGN: A cohort of 2977 @entity1 with 3325 valves with a follow up of 18 years. SETTING: 38 cardiac implantation centres in the UK. RESULTS: 56 OSF events were reported with 43 occurring in mitral and 13 in aortic valves. The overall OSF rate was 0.17%/year. No dominant clinical factor of risk was found, but multiple regression analysis identified age, body surface area, valve size, shop order @entity174 rate, and manufacturing period as risk factors for OSF. A 4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2% to 6%) decrease in the risk of OSF was observed for each advancing year of age and a fivefold (95% CI 2 to 13) increase in risk for a 0.5 m(2) increase in body surface area. The association between the risk of OSF and valve size was not constant over time. Excess risks among 31 mm and 33 mm sizes (mainly mitral valves) decreased over time while that for 23 mm (almost all aortic valves) increased. The risk of OSF increased by 40% (95% CI 20% to 50%) for a unit increase in the @entity174 rate of other valves in the same batch. For valves manufactured during 1981 to 1984 the risk of OSF was 4 (95% CI 2 to 12) times greater than for valves manufactured before 1981. CONCLUSIONS: The OSF rates for 60 degrees BSCC valves observed in the UK are the highest among all monitored populations. The changing patterns of mitral and aortic valve OSF rates over time observed in this study have not been identified previously and highlight the need for continued monitoring of @entity1 with the BSCC valve.

title: Outlet strut XXXX of Bj  rk-Shiley convexo concave heart valves: the UK cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 23-year-old @entity1 . She was the product of a full-term pregnancy and normal delivery. At age 3, she was observed to have @entity203 on the face and extremities. Gait disturbance and abnormal posture appeared when she was 17-year-old. @entity1032 followed several years later, and these symptoms progressed gradually. On examination at age 23, mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules were observed on the face and the dorsal aspects of the extremities. We diagnosed her @entity272 as @entity46586 ( @entity46586 ) based on dermatological findings, normal minimal erythema dose and normal unscheduled DNA synthesis of her skin fibroblasts. Neurologically, she showed moderate @entity1032 , @entity3520 , and generalized @entity427 . Laboratory examinations, including parathyroid function, were normal. Brain CT scan revealed severe symmetrical @entity730 in the @entity21 , cerebral white matter, and dentate nucleus. She also showed @entity3894 of @entity5251 and @entity886 . Her father also revealed the same clinical features including @entity272 , @entity717 , @entity1032 , and severe @entity7874 . So we diagnosed this @entity1 as @entity729 associated with @entity46586 , @entity3894 of @entity5251 , and @entity886 . Constellation of these clinical features does not match any previously established type of @entity729 or @entity3520 . However, Patrizi et al reported a @entity1 with @entity46586 associated with torsion @entity3519 who was very similar to our @entity1 . We propose that our @entity1 and the @entity1 reported by Patrizi et al construct a distinct clinical entity in @entity729 or @entity3520 .

title: [A case of @entity729 associated with @entity46586 , @entity3894 of XXXX , and @entity886 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration', 'Mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary dystonia', 'dystonic posture, dystonic and spastic gait']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruptions']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve calcification']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['familial idiopathic brain calcification']

entities_list: @entity46586 :: ('MESH:C535729', 'Disease') :: ['dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria', 'DSH']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['dental root']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity5251 :: (MESH:D010509,Disease) :: ['dental root']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: A longitudinal study of premature @entity1 was conducted to examine changes in refractive status and their relation with age and factors influencing the occurrence and degree of @entity1714 . Identification of which of the various refractive factors play important parts in relation to @entity1714 in premature @entity1 was attempted. METHODS: Under observation were 125 eyes in 65 @entity1 who were found to demonstrate no signs of @entity989 ( @entity989 ) or who had grade I or II @entity989 without or after cryotherapy. Cycloplegic refractions were conducted at 6 months, 3 years, and 6 years of age; at 6 years of age keratometric values, lens thicknesses, and axial lengths were recorded, and anterior chamber depths also were measured. RESULTS: @entity1714 begins to appear at 6 months of age and its severity increases between the ages of 6 months and 3 years. The condition showed no further progress in subjects older than 3 years. Of the 104 eyes with @entity989 , those eyes with @entity989 tended towards @entity1714 and @entity1714 while there was no difference in the degree of @entity1714 related to whether or not cryotherapy was conducted. At 6 years of age, the premature @entity1 exhibited shallower anterior chambers, thicker lenses, and higher axial lengths when the degree of the @entity1714 was higher. The keratometric values, however, appeared to bear no relation to the degree of the @entity1714 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the occurrence of @entity1714 is related more strongly to whether or not there is @entity989 than whether or not there is cryotherapy. Also, the degree of the @entity1714 was found to be related to the depth of the anterior chamber, the thickness of the lens, and the change in axial length but not to keratometric value.

title: Long term refractive outcome in eyes of preterm @entity1 with and without XXXX : comparison of keratometric value, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia', 'Myopia', 'myopia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP', 'cicatricial retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in Doppler waveform of hepatic vein after the administration of @entity8508 , and to assess indirectly the efficacy of the drug to reduce the Hepatic Vein Pressure Gradient and portal pressure. METHODS: The quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from April 1 to November 25, 2011, and comprised 50 @entity1 with @entity82 with abnormal Doppler waveform of the hepatic vein. @entity1 with diseases causing abnormal hepatic vein doppler waveform were excluded. Doppler waveforms were studied for 20 minutes before and for 20 minutes after the administration of @entity8508 . Tracings with best waveform before and after injection were saved for analysis. Changes in waveform after vasoactive drug were defined as mild, significant, marked and gross changes. SPSS 10 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 50 @entity1 , 36 (72%) were males and 14 (28%) females. Commonest waveform was monophasic 38 (76%). Gross changes i.e. turning triphasic from monophasic waveform was observed in 8 (16%) @entity1 . Significant gross changes were seen in 24 (48%) @entity1 . Total number of @entity1 showing improvement in waveform was 36 (72%). In no case, waveform deteriorated after the administration of @entity8508 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Non-invasive method of observing the improvement of hepatic vein waveform by duplex ultrasound, after more studies, may be an important tool for assessing and monitoring the effects of portal pressure lowering drugs.

title: Estimating effect of @entity8508 on portal pressure in XXXX by observing hepatic vein Doppler waveform.

entities_list: @entity8508 :: ('MESH:C012078', 'Chemical') :: ['terlipressin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: To assess alternative methods for introducing expressing transgenes into the germ line of @entity3392 , transgenic fish that express a nuclear-targeted, enhanced, green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene were produced using both pseudotyped @entity281 and DNA microinjection of embryos. Germ-line transgenic founders were identified and the embryonic progeny of these founders were evaluated for the extent and pattern of eGFP expression. To compare the two modes of transgenesis, both vectors used the @entity1238 translational elongation factor 1-alpha enhancer/promoter regulatory cassette. Several transgenic founder fish which transferred eGFP expression to their progeny were identified. The gene expression patterns are described and compared for the two modes of gene transfer. Transient expression of eGFP was detected 1 day after introducing the transgenes via either DNA microinjection or @entity281 . In both cases of gene transfer, transgenic females produced eGFP-positive progeny even before the zygotic genome was turned on. Therefore, GFP was being provided by the oocyte before fertilization. A transgenic female revealed eGFP expression in her ovarian follicles. The qualitative patterns of gene expression in the transgenic progeny embryos after zygotic induction of gene expression were similar and independent of the mode of transgenesis. The appearance of newly synthesized GFP is detectable within 5-7 h after fertilization. The variability of the extent of eGFP expression from transgenic founder to transgenic founder was wider for the DNA-injection transgenics than for the retroviral vector-produced transgenics. The ability to provide expressing germ-line transgenic progeny via @entity281 provides both an alternative mode of transgenesis for @entity3392 work and a possible means of easily assessing the insertional mutagenesis frequency of @entity281 of @entity3392 embryos. However, because of the transfer of GFP from oocyte to embryo, the stability of GFP may create problems of analysis in embryos which develop as quickly as those of @entity3392 .

title: Transgene expression in XXXX : A comparison of retroviral-vector and DNA-injection approaches.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['retroviral vector infection']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Airway management in the context of penetrating @entity9389 is a challenging scenario. Management decisionmaking has not been well studied and the initial airway approach remains controversial. We examined various initial emergency airway techniques and their success in the setting of penetrating neck @entity130 . METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of emergency department intubations in penetrating @entity9389 from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 1996, at a Level I @entity130 center. Cases of out-of-hospital traumatic arrest or out-of-hospital intubation were excluded. Successful airway management was defined as endotracheal tube placement confirmed by clinical evaluation, pulse oximetry, chest radiography, and end-tidal @entity515 detection. RESULTS: During the study period, 748 consecutive @entity1 with penetrating @entity9389 were evaluated in the @entity2613 . Of these, 82 (11%) were deemed to require immediate airway management. Twenty-four of the 82 were excluded because of out-of-hospital traumatic arrest or out-of-hospital intubation, resulting in a study population of 58 @entity1 . Of these 58 @entity1 , 39 had initial rapid sequence intubation using @entity2900 with a 100% success rate. Five @entity772 @entity1 had successful orotracheal intubation without @entity912 , and 2 @entity1 underwent successful emergency tracheostomy. The remaining 12 @entity1 had initial fiberoptic intubation by otolaryngology clinicians, which was unsuccessful in 3 @entity1 . All 3 of these @entity1 were subsequently successfully orotracheally intubated using the rapid sequence intubation technique. Therefore, oral endotracheal intubation was the definitive method of airway management in 47 (81%) of the 58 @entity1 and was successful in all cases. CONCLUSION: Rapid sequence intubation was the most commonly performed initial technique by emergency physicians and was safe and effective in all cases attempted. Furthermore, rapid sequence intubation methodology resulted in successful intubation of the fiberoptic intubation failures. Physicians with airway expertise should consider using rapid sequence intubation as an initial airway technique in managing @entity1 with penetrating @entity9389 who require airway control.

title: Emergency airway management in penetrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['neck injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity9389 :: (MESH:D019838,Disease) :: ['neck injury']


abstract: Variation in gene coding sequence represents a significant factor in predisposition to disease, including @entity5 . Variants of some DNA repair genes (e.g. @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity4638 ) are known to predispose to @entity5 . We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five DNA repair genes in 142 healthy individuals using a DNA sequencing protocol optimized for the direct detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms. This approach, called the heterozygote sequencing protocol (HSP), enables moderate-scale population surveys of SNPs. HSP uses fluorescently tagged primers and exploits the large dynamic range and low background of automated fluorescent sequencing. HSP may be used for any sequence that can be amplified by PCR. A total of 12 SNP variants in @entity8724 , @entity11833 , @entity16084 , @entity45274 and @entity15826 were identified, 11 at polymorphic frequencies, with an average frequency of 0.22 (95% confidence interval 0.20-0.24). Among the 82 individuals for whom complete SNP profiles were available, no one @entity1 carried the GenBank reference sequence for all five genes. The extensive heterogeneity observed in these five genes is intriguing. All variants are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, although the meaning of this equilibrium is unclear. Using this approach, possible associations of sequence variation, and hence of variation in DNA repair, with disease risk can be assessed.

title: Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in XXXX DNA repair genes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: A new intermittent pneumatic compression device ( @entity5099 Response System) has recently been shown in healthy volunteers to have the ability to detect the postcompression refilling of the @entity291 veins and to respond by initiating the subsequent cycle when these veins are full. This has proven to be more effective in expelling blood proximally than the conventional intermittent pneumatic compression device ( @entity5099 Sequel System). The aim of this study was to test the influence of @entity66 on the postcompression refill time detected by means of the @entity5099 Response and the effectiveness of the new system in expelling blood in @entity1 who have @entity1211 caused by @entity715 or varicose veins. METHODS: This open, controlled trial was conducted in an academic vascular unit with 10 @entity1 who had @entity715 and 10 @entity1 who had varicose veins. The new @entity5099 Response System was tested against the existing @entity5099 Sequel System in both legs in the supine, semirecumbent, and sitting positions. The refilling time sensed by means of the device was correlated with the venous filling index by using air plethysmography. The total volume of blood expelled per hour during compression was compared with that expelled by the @entity5099 Sequel System in the same volunteers and in the same positions. RESULTS: An inverse association was found between the mean postcompression refilling time in the sitting position and the venous filling index of the apparently healthy or less severely affected leg (r = -0.52, P =.019), the refill time being significantly shorter in @entity1 with advanced @entity66 . The @entity5099 Response System increased the volume expelled per hour in the post-thrombotic leg, when compared with the @entity5099 Sequel System, by 109.9% (P =.005) in the supine position, by 85.1% (P =.009) in the semirecumbent position, and by 40.2% (P =.005) in the sitting position. The corresponding results in the more severely affected leg in @entity1 with varicose veins were 71.9% (P =.005) in the supine position, 77.9% (P =.005) in the semirecumbent position, and 55.7% (P =.013) in the sitting position. Similar improved results were also found in the contralateral leg in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The deflation settings of the new @entity5099 Response System are able to be adjusted selectively, correlating with the physiological severity of @entity4096 . By achieving more frequent compression cycles, the new system is more effective than the current one in expelling blood proximally, confirming our earlier findings in healthy volunteers. Further studies testing a possible improved efficacy in preventing @entity1150 in this high-risk group are justified.

title: Improved hemodynamic effectiveness and associated clinical correlations of a new intermittent pneumatic compression system in XXXX with @entity4096 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['post-thrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To explore the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of @entity1151 associated with protein C (PC)/protein S (PS) deficiency. Two male @entity1 29 and 26 years old diagnosed with @entity4889 were retrospectively analyzed and related literatures were reviewed. The most common symptoms were @entity158 in the lower limbs with @entity662 or @entity227 . @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) showed lower deep venous @entity1150 . Multislice CT angiography (CTA) revealed @entity1151 . The level of serum @entity1255 (HCY) increased and the level of plasma PC/PS content decreased to PC 57.4%, and PS 28.9% in @entity1 1, while PS 33.4% in @entity1 2. Poor routine anticoagulant response was observed. After the diagnosis of PC/PS deficiency, @entity2245 and B12 anticoagulant therapy was added, and the symptoms in the @entity1 improved significantly. @entity49 should be taken into consideration for young @entity1 with lower @entity1150 and @entity1151 which occur recurrently without obvious predisposing causes before 40. Plasma PC/PS concentrations or activity help a lot in the diagnosis and treatment.

title: [Two cases of XXXX associated with protein C and @entity4889 and literature review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['PC deficiency and/or PS deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['Color dopper flow imaging', 'CDFI']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['phlebothrombosis', 'deep venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']


abstract: Surgical ventriculomyectomy and ventriculomyotomy by the aortic approach are safe and effective methods of relieving symptoms and obstruction to left ventricular outflow in @entity1 with @entity1121 . With the addition of Doppler ultrasound to the routine follow-up assessment of these @entity1 an unexpectedly high occurrence of @entity337 was found in the postoperative @entity1 . Because @entity337 has been reported to rarely accompany this condition, 67 @entity1 with @entity1121 were studied clinically and with Doppler echocardiography for the presence and severity of @entity337 . Severity of the regurgitation was quantitated by pulsed or color Doppler echocardiography according to the length and width of the regurgitant jet in at least two views. In 37 @entity1 with @entity1121 who did not undergo surgery, @entity337 was detected in only 1 (3%) by Doppler ultrasound and in none clinically. In 52 @entity1 who did undergo surgery and were studied a mean of 7.8 years postoperatively, @entity337 of trivial to moderate degree was common, being detected in 28 (54%) by Doppler ultrasound and in 6 (12%) clinically. In a subgroup of 22 @entity1 who were studied preoperatively and again early postoperatively (mean 6 weeks), new @entity337 was found in 8 (36%) and was graded as trivial in all. @entity337 is a common complication related to ventriculomyectomy and ventriculomyotomy in @entity1 with @entity1121 . Although initially trivial, the regurgitation may progress in severity over time. The regurgitation has been well tolerated in all @entity1 studied to date.

title: XXXX : a common complication after surgery for @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation', 'Aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['Aortic regurgitation']


abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ) is synthesized in various tissues, including the anterior pituitary gland, where it may stimulate the release of PRL. Because @entity172 plays a central role in the regulation of PRL, it becomes important to determine the effects of this @entity134 on both pituitary @entity12180 and PRL. To study this, pituitary @entity12180 and PRL and plasma PRL were assayed in ovariectomized @entity35 after treatment with @entity4520 (EB; 0.007, 0.07, 0.7, 7 or 70 microgram/ @entity35 ). Pituitary and plasma TSH were also determined as well as @entity12180 content in the medial basal hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic region, cerebral cortex, and jejunum. Oil-treated @entity35 served as controls. Injection of 0.7 or 7 microgram EB resulted in a significant increase in pituitary PRL without changing plasma PRL levels or pituitary @entity12180 content compared to values in the control group. Only treatment with 70 microgram EB produced a significant increase in both pituitary @entity12180 and PRL as well as in plasma PRL compared to control values. EB treatment at any of the doses used had no significant effect on pituitary and plasma TSH or @entity12180 content in any of the other tissues examined. These data show that pituitary PRL and @entity12180 are differentially regulated in response to @entity172 . The increases in pituitary @entity12180 and basal plasma PRL after treatment with the highest dose of EB suggest that pituitary @entity12180 may be involved in the development of @entity172 -induced @entity4089 . These data also show that the regulations of pituitary @entity12180 and TSH are independent of each other in the @entity172 -treated @entity35 .

title: Preferential increase in pituitary prolactin versus vasoactive intestinal peptide as a function of XXXX dose in the ovariectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol benzoate']

answer: @entity4520 :: (MESH:C074283,Chemical) :: ['estradiol benzoate']


abstract: The objective of the study was the assessment of the long-term efficacy of @entity10700 in @entity1 with @entity27 . Thirty-two of 156 @entity1 who underwent UPPP between January 2001 and March 2007 with a follow-up period of 36-96 months (mean, 56 months) were included in the study conducted at the university affiliated center. Preoperative and postoperative snoring evaluation forms and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESC) scores were used for subjective analysis. @entity86 index (RDI) levels were evaluated objectively. @entity1 who had 50% or more reduction in RDI levels postoperatively were named as responders to the procedure. The other @entity1 were named as non-responders. Body mass index (BMI) was also analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively. Snoring disappeared in 83% of the @entity1 , did not change in 13% and deteriorated in 4% of the @entity1 (p < 0.001). Excessive @entity25 decreased in 22 @entity1 (68%) and ESC values decreased from 14.6    3.7 to 6.5    3.9 (p = 0.0001). RDI decreased by more than 50% of the preoperative values in 15 (46.9%) of 32 @entity1 forming the responders and the mean RDI decreased from 33.3    22.9 to 23.7    22.8 (p = 0.027). BMI increased over years (p = 0.0001) evidencing a preponderance in non-responder @entity1 . Submucosal uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is an effective tool in treating @entity1 's subjective symptoms of OSAS. Objective findings suggest that smUPPP is inadequate in treating OSAS. It cannot abolish OSAS, though it can decrease the intensity of the condition in nearly half of the @entity1 . Weight gain decreases the success of the procedure over the years.

title: Long-term efficacy of submucosal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative and postoperative respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity10700 :: ('MESH:C563509', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal uvulopalatopharyngoplasty']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and proliferation are important events in the formation of intimal lesions associated with @entity731 and restenosis following balloon angioplasty. The extracellular matrix has important functions in modulating SMC structure and function, but less is known about the role of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors. The present study investigates the effects of the synthetic MMP inhibitor @entity11556 ( @entity11556 ) on vascular SMCs. As experimental model, @entity35 aortic smooth muscle cells in primary and secondary cultures were employed. Electron microscopy was used to investigate the effects of @entity11556 on the overall phenotypic properties of the cells. Induction of DNA synthesis and migration was studied by @entity1014 autoradiography and counting of cells moving into an injured zone. Gelatin zymography was used for the detection of @entity11556 -mediated inhibition of injury-induced MMP activity. Phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases @entity10861 / @entity31706 , two potential mediators of the injury-induced activation of the cells, was measured by Western blotting. The results show that @entity11556 restrained the phenotypic modulation of vascular SMCs in primary cultures and suppressed injury-induced DNA synthesis and migration. Moreover, the upregulation of @entity10861 / @entity31706 phosphorylation in injured secondary cultures and in cells treated with @entity664 was markedly reduced by @entity11556 , whereas @entity11018 lacked a clear effect. Our data suggest that @entity11556 inhibits injury-induced activation of vascular SMCs by acting on MMPs as well as other targets.

title: The synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat suppresses injury-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinase @entity10861 / XXXX and phenotypic modification of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity31706 :: (116590(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['ERK2']


abstract: @entity417 is a common complication in @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) and occurs in more than two thirds of all @entity1 . The most frequent underlying pathophysiological mechanism is @entity417 ( @entity417 ), relative @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) deficiency (due partly to @entity8 ) and myelosuppressive effects of chemotherapy, but many other factors may account for or contribute to @entity417 in @entity1582 . In @entity1 who achieve complete remission after chemotherapy, @entity417 usually normalizes. Nonresponders and relapsing @entity1582 @entity1 often continue to suffer from @entity417 . Treatment options for anemic @entity1582 @entity1 include red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 (rHuEPO). Red blood cell transfusions convey an immediate effect and rapidly increase the @entity1 's hemoglobin level. Unfortunately, effects of RBC transfusions are only transient and can be associated with several risks, including @entity281 and mild to even life-threatening immunologic reactions. rHuEPO is biologically equivalent to the @entity1 endogenous hormone @entity1307 , and its application leads to an increase of hemoglobin levels over an extended time without the risks of blood transfusions. Several studies reported a significant improvement of erythropoiesis, reduction in transfusion need, and improved quality of life by using rHuEPO as long-term treatment of @entity1582 -associated @entity417 . Recently, an international expert panel recommended the use of rHuEPO for anemic @entity1582 @entity1 where other possible causes of @entity417 have been eliminated.

title: @entity417 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'ACD', 'anemia', 'anemia of chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: @entity3567 ( @entity3567 ) is a term proposed for an @entity3567 that is closely related to @entity1466 but shows monomorphic growth of highly atypical trophoblastic cells instead of the typical dimorphic pattern of @entity1466 . We report here 3 cases of @entity3567 , all of which were @entity358 probably originating from uterine trophoblastic disease. The antecedent pregnancies of the 3 cases were hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, and term pregnancy, respectively. The @entity5 were composed of highly atypical mononucleate cells, which mainly involved alveolar spaces, forming nests with central @entity39 . Multinucleate giant cells were found within the nests, but they were fewer in number than in typical @entity1466 . The @entity5 were not associated with extensive @entity548 or @entity39 , except for 1 case, in which the @entity3567 was combined with typical @entity1466 . Immunohistochemically, multinucleate giant cells and occasional mononucleate @entity5 cells showed positivity for @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin. Staining for @entity1 placental lactogen was positive in rare multinucleate giant cells, and in 1 case, @entity5 cells showed diffuse positivity for placental alkaline phosphatase. Because @entity3567 has a remarkably epithelioid appearance in cytological and architectural features, differentiation from the epithelial @entity5 is problematic. Trophoblastic markers are frequently expressed in nontrophoblastic @entity5 , and reactivity for those markers alone is not sufficient for exclusion of other @entity5 . Rather, evidence of @entity3567 comes from a combination of morphological features, immunohistochemical study, and clinical history.

title: XXXX : morphological and immunohistochemical study of three @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'eosinophilic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['dimorphic choriocarcinoma', 'choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['unusual variant of trophoblastic tumor', 'Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor', 'ETT']

answer: @entity3567 :: (MESH:D014328,Disease) :: ['Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor']


abstract: Although wild ruminants have been identified as reservoirs of Shiga-toxin producing @entity526 (STEC), little information is available concerning the role of @entity5746 spp. and Campylobacter spp. in large game species. We evaluated the presence of these pathogens in faeces (N=574) and carcasses (N=585) sampled from @entity2498 (N=295), @entity1707 (N=333) and other ungulates (fallow deer, mouflon) (N=9). Animal sampling was done in situ from 33 hunting estates during two hunting seasons. @entity5746 spp. and Campylobacter spp. strains associated with @entity1 campylobacteriosis were infrequently detected indicating that both pathogens had a limited zoonotic risk in our study area. The overall STEC prevalence in animals was 21% (134/637), being significantly higher in faeces from @entity2498 (90 out of 264). A total of 58 isolates were serotyped. Serotypes O146:H- and O27:H30 were the most frequent in @entity2498 and the majority of isolates from @entity2498 and @entity1707 were from serotypes previously found in STEC strains associated with @entity1 @entity281 , including the serotype O157:H7. The STEC prevalence in @entity2498 faeces was significantly higher with the presence of livestock (p<0, 01) where high densities of @entity2498 (p<0.001) were present. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the occurrence of @entity5746 spp. and STEC in carcasses of large game animals. Furthermore, this study confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) that cross contamination of STEC during carcass dressing occurred, implying the likelihood of these pathogens entering into the food chain.

title: Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing XXXX , @entity5746 spp. and Campylobacter spp. in large game animals intended for consumption: relationship with management practices and livestock influence.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Lipoprotein(a) resembles low density lipoprotein in structure, except that a unique apolipoprotein (apo), apo(a), is linked to @entity755 . Variations in the number of sequence repeats in the apo(a) gene give rise to a range of isoforms. Depending on the method used, 6-30 apo(a) isoforms have been observed; however, the correspondence of these different isoforms has not been reported, making between-study comparisons difficult. In the present study we address this question by characterizing the apo(a) phenotypes of 48 sera using two previously reported separation methods, @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE, 3-12% gels) and @entity214 -agarose gel electrophoresis. In addition, the molecular weight of each isoform was estimated using @entity2104 2-2 polymers as molecular weight standards. Among the 48 sera, 15 distinct apo(a) isoforms were separated by @entity214 -PAGE and 28 by @entity214 -agarose gel electrophoresis. There was excellent correlation between the two nomenclature systems (r = -0.97, p < 0.001, by rank correlation), and the ranges were totally overlapping, with the same two isoforms being identified as the largest and smallest by either method. The apparent molecular mass range for the isoforms was 294-624 kDa, which is in close agreement with the theoretical molecular mass range of 238-643 kDa, calculated from the sequence and @entity1735 content of recombinant apo(a). The disparity in number of isoforms between methods was expected, due to the poorer separation of apo(a) by @entity214 -PAGE; 3.1 +/- 1.7 (median, 2.0) @entity214 -agarose isoforms were combined for each @entity214 -PAGE isoform.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Apolipoprotein (a): a comparison of isoforms identified by XXXX - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis or by @entity3208 -agarose gel electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity3208 :: (MESH:D012967,Chemical) :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']


abstract: The conventional method for sleep staging is to analyze polysomnograms (PSGs) recorded in a sleep lab. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most important signals in PSGs but recording and analysis of this signal presents a number of technical challenges, especially at home. Instead, electrocardiograms (ECGs) are much easier to record and may offer an attractive alternative for home sleep monitoring. The heart rate variability (HRV) signal proves suitable for @entity5 . Thirty PSGs from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) database were used. Three feature sets were extracted from 5- and 0.5-min HRV segments: time-domain features, nonlinear-dynamics features and time-frequency features. The latter was achieved by using @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) methods. Normalized energies in important frequency bands of HRV signals were computed using time-frequency methods. ANOVA and t-test were used for statistical evaluations. Automatic sleep staging was based on HRV signal features. The ANOVA followed by a post hoc Bonferroni was used for individual feature assessment. Most features were @entity5 . A t-test was used to compare the means of extracted features in 5- and 0.5-min HRV segments. The results showed that the extracted features means were statistically similar for a small number of features. A separability measure showed that time-frequency features, especially @entity15131 features, had larger separation than others. There was not a sizable difference in separability of linear features between 5- and 0.5-min HRV segments but separability of nonlinear features, especially @entity15131 features, decreased in 0.5-min HRV segments. HRV signal features were classified by linear discriminant (LD) and quadratic discriminant (QD) methods. Classification results based on features from 5-min segments surpassed those obtained from 0.5-min segments. The best result was obtained from features using 5-min HRV segments classified by the LD classifier. A combination of linear/nonlinear features from HRV signals is effective in @entity5 . Moreover, time-frequency features are more informative than others. In addition, a separability measure and classification results showed that HRV signal features, especially nonlinear features, extracted from 5-min segments are more discriminative than those from 0.5-min segments in @entity5 .

title: Automatic sleep staging using XXXX , discrete wavelet transform, time-domain, and nonlinear dynamics features of heart rate variability signals.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['beneficial for sleep staging', 'automatic sleep staging']

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['empirical mode decomposition', 'EMD']

answer: @entity15131 :: (MESH:C537734,Disease) :: ['empirical mode decomposition']


abstract: Several nonvenereal treponematoses are or were present in @entity3456 while syphilis has been reported in only the northern, arid zones (Bejel) of the country. While their presence is known in @entity3456 , endemic nonvenereal treponematoses are no longer reported by the country  s health centers. Results are presented from a serological study using randomized @entity14329 Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA) upon a sample of 183 @entity1 under age 5 years old living in three areas of Niamey. No clinical exam was performed before testing. In the overall sample, 12% of tests were positive, ranging from 8% to 17% depending upon the neighborhood studied. The differences observed were insignificant according to both place of residence and age. All age groups were affected, although only 3 seropositive cases were identified among the 37 @entity1 under age 12 months. The relative levels were too high to be dismissed as serological artifacts. The most likely explanation for the high levels of antitreponemic antibodies is @entity1065 , which is increasing in the region. @entity1065 is re-emerging, while @entity114 is being used less systematically. Moreover, economic problems constrain access to health care. Results in @entity1 under age 12 months suggest that @entity7521 is uncommon.

title: [ XXXX : development under constraints].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity1065 :: ('MESH:D013587', 'Disease') :: ['endemic syphilis', 'Endemic syphilis']

entities_list: @entity7521 :: ('MESH:D013590', 'Disease') :: ['congenital syphilis']

entities_list: @entity14329 :: ('160', 'Species') :: ['Treponema pallidum']

answer: @entity3456 :: (4230,Species) :: ['Niger']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: En bloc endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is presently considered to be the treatment of choice for endoscopically resectable early stage @entity356 (EGC). Although a new EMR technique using an insulation-tipped diathermic knife (endoscopic submucosal dissection using an IT knife: IT knife-ESD) is reportedly suitable for en bloc resection, a failure in en bloc resection (piecemeal resection) can occur. We retrospectively analyzed factors affecting the success rate of en bloc resection by IT knife-ESD. METHODOLOGY: A total of 71 @entity1819 were treated by IT knife-ESD. En bloc/piecemeal resection rates were investigated. Twelve potential factors associated with clinicopathological characteristics or procedures were analyzed univariately and multivariately. RESULTS: IT knife-ESD was successfully performed in all 71 lesions. En bloc resection was achieved in 63 lesions (91%), while eight lesions (9%) were removed as two or more fragments (piecemeal resection). The multivariate analysis identified only one independent factor affecting the success rate of en bloc resection: the second-half period of procedure application. The en bloc resection rate was not associated with the @entity5 location/site, @entity5 size, specimen size, and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Much experience with IT knife-ESD may resolve the @entity5 -related technical difficulties. It is true for this advanced procedure that endoscopist experience is highly likely to be a critical factor for treatment success. We consider that IT knife-ESD for EGC is feasible and safe when performed by experienced endoscopists.

title: Key factors for successful en bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection of early stage XXXX using an insulation-tipped diathermic knife.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ulceration within the tumor']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The main objective of this study was to examine the relation between adverse events and degree of metabolic control and multiple-dose treatment. A total of 139 @entity1 , aged between 1 and 18 y, prospectively registered severe hypoglycaemia with or without @entity909 , as well as hospitalized @entity1270 , during 1994-95. Treatment from onset was multiple-dose insulin (> 95% > or = 4 doses) combined with intense training and psychosocial support. Median HbA1c was 6.9% (ref. 3.6-5.4%). The incidence of severe hypoglycaemia with @entity909 was 0.17 events per @entity1 -year, having decreased from the 1970s to the 1990s, parallel to a change from 1-2 to > or = 4 doses per day. There was no correlation or association to the year mean HbA1c for severe hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes in 1995 correlated to severe hypoglycaemic episodes in 1994 (r=0.38; p<0.0001). Severe hypoglycaemia with @entity909 increased during the spring season, and according to case records the assumed causes were mainly mistakes with insulin, food and exercise. @entity1270 was rare: 0.015 episodes per @entity1 -year. We conclude that multiple-dose insulin therapy from the very onset of @entity6 , combined with adequate self-control, active problem-based training and psycho-social support, may limit severe hypoglycaemia and @entity1270 . Strategies aimed at minimizing severe hypoglycaemia without compromising metabolic control need to be evaluated.

title: Adverse events in intensively treated XXXX and adolescents with type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['Ketoacidosis', 'ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['unconsciousness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: It is not clear to what extent poor insight is inherent in @entity161 psychopathology or is related to clinical factors. It is clinically important to elucidate this point to know how some insight remains intact in @entity161 . Sixty-three ICD-10 schizophrenics were recruited. Insight was measured by David's three-dimensional scale, which deals with the awareness of the need for treatment, of the illness, and of @entity716 experiences. Clinical factors that may influence insight were grouped into objective psychopathology, subjective experience, and treatment settings, according to the normal development of insight starting from objective illness, through subjective perception of it, to seeking treatment. Psychopathology was measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity12269 ), and the subjective experience was measured by a checklist of our own. Positive symptoms, especially disordered thought, @entity1833 , and delusions, had a modest inverse correlation with awareness of illness and of @entity716 experiences, but these were not correlated with @entity2026 or other negative symptoms. Later age at the first onset was significantly correlated with poor awareness of @entity716 experience, but no correlation of subjective experience with insight emerged. Awareness of the need for treatment was significantly higher in outpatient than in inpatient groups, and was not correlated with any other variables. Poor awareness of illness and of @entity716 experience seems to be a trait of the acute rather than the chronic psychopathology of @entity161 . Poor awareness of @entity716 experience was related to later onset. Awareness of the need for treatment seems to improve, even in the absence of awareness of illness or of @entity716 experience, in outpatient settings--the effects of social interaction may be relevant to this.

title: Insight and clinical correlates in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Transluminal balloon angioplasty of Blalock-Taussig's stenotic @entity254 was performed in 37 @entity1 with various congenital @entity299 in 1989 to April 1993. The @entity1 ' age ranged from 3 to 16 years (mean 8.4 +/- 0.5 years). Arterial blood @entity26 saturation varied from 38 to 74% (mean 62.4 +/- 1.5%). Hemoglobin amounted to 14 to 28.4 g% (mean 19.0 +/- 8.4 g%). Phonocardiography recorded no or low-amplitude systolic-diastolic @entity254 murmur in points IV-V in all @entity1 . After balloon @entity254 dilatation, arterial blood @entity26 saturation increased, on an average, from 62.4 +/- 1.5% to 81.2 +/- 1.2%. Anastomosis angiometry performed prior to and following @entity384 showed its significant dilatation (on an average, from 3.39 +/- 0.19 to 5.26 +/- 0.24 mm). There was a distinct systolic-diastolic murmur of @entity254 on the PhCG. @entity384 occurred only in 3 cases: femoral @entity715 in 2 @entity1 and @entity3126 in 1. The late results were studied in 18 @entity1 at months 2 to 40. None of them showed deterioration of clinical results after @entity384 . Eight @entity1 were radically operated on. The best results were achieved in @entity1 with discrete @entity254 stenoses and when balloons whose diameter corresponded to that of the subclavian artery and equal to 0.92-1.2 mm were used. A good effect following balloon angioplasty was observed in 24 (64.9%), satisfactory and poor results were found in 12 (32.4%) and 1 (2.7%), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immediate and late results of transluminal balloon angioplasty of Blalock-Taussig stenosing XXXX in cyanotic congenital heart defects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation', 'Post-balloon-dilatation complications']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: @entity370 is a multisystemic @entity74 of unknown origin, which can involve multiple organs. However the lymph node and lung manifestations dominate. Most frequent symptoms are cough, fatigue, @entity1353 and exercise limitations. About one third of the @entity1 have no symptoms. The lung function test is mostly restrictive. The clinical course is very variable, spontaneous remissions occur in about 60 %. Acute @entity370 is a highly inflammatory disease with a very good prognosis even without @entity134 therapy. Chronic @entity10070 can lead to progressive @entity393 . Indications to therapy are severe symptoms and @entity393 as well as progressive @entity358 with @entity82 pattern. In chronic disease @entity288 are effective in the majority of @entity1 . Other immunosuppressives, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory agents are reserved for @entity1 with severe side-effects to @entity134 -therapy or for @entity1 , who cannot maintained on reasonable low doses of @entity230 . Lung transplantation is an option for life-threatening cases failing medical therapy.

title: [ XXXX : current diagnosis and treatment].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung involvement']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disorder']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of lung function']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary sarcoidosis']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if a replication defective recombinant adenovirus expressing @entity17839 glycoprotein (Adrab.gp) given through a non-invasive vaccination route (by topical application) onto the skin (NIVS) could elicit an immune response and/or protection against rabies. Groups of @entity19 were immunized by NIVS with various doses of Adrab.gp. For comparison, groups of @entity19 were immunized intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intradermally with Adrab.gp. @entity19 received two booster immunizations at 1 and 2 months after the first immunization. Virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers were measured at day 21 after the first and second immunizations and at day 14 after the third immunization. Fifty percent of the @entity19 immunized by NIVS with 2 x 10(7) and 2 x 10(8)pfu Adrab.gp vaccine developed VNA, whereas none of the control @entity19 or the @entity19 immunized by NIVS with the lowest dose (2 x 10(6)pfu) of Adrab.gp virus developed VNA. However, this low dose induced high titers of VNA in @entity19 immunized by parenteral routes. Two weeks after the last immunization, all the @entity19 were challenged with a lethal dose of @entity17839 . More than 70% of the animals immunized by NIVS with > or = 2 x 10(7)pfu Adrab.gp virus survived the challenge, whereas all the @entity19 in the negative control group and the group immunized by NIVS with the lowest dose of Adrab.gp succumbed to rabies. Taken together, the results suggest that NIVS with Adrab.gp can induce VNA production and protection against lethal challenge with @entity17839 in @entity19 .

title: Induction of protective immunity by topic application of a recombinant adenovirus expressing XXXX glycoprotein.

answer: @entity17839 :: (11292,Species) :: ['rabies virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3509 is a frequent clinical problem and share in common a considerable potential for @entity204 and morbidity. @entity1104 [ @entity1104 ] debridement or decortication become popular and increase the available treatment options. The authors aim is to determine the efficacy and outcome of @entity1104 for management of @entity3509 in adult @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study of all adult @entity1 treated for @entity3509 between June 2009 to Feb 2011 at Thammasat Hospital was conducted. Recorded data included demographic information, clinical presentation, laboratory data, microbiological data, operative details, postoperative course, follow-up data and complications. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity1 [5 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ] underwent @entity1104 debridement and decorication for treatment of @entity3509 . Their mean age was 57 [35-90] years. 17 [74%] @entity1 received preoperative drainage [percutaneous catheter drainage or tube thoracostomy] and mean duration of preoperative drainage was 7.6 [3-26] days. 8 [35%] @entity1 had @entity34 and underwent @entity1104 debridement while 15 [74%] @entity1 had @entity5 underwent @entity1104 decortication. Median postoperative hospital stay was 12.6 [7-48] days. Median time for postoperative intercostals drainage was 5 [3-30] days. Median follow-up time was 5 [1-20] months. Conversion rate to open thoracotomy for @entity34 was only 13%. There were 3 postoperative complications [13%]: wound infection [n = 1], persistent space [n = 1] and recurrent infection [n = 1]. There was no intraoperative @entity204 and 2 [8%] perioperative @entity204 [< 30 days] which were mostly unrelated to surgery. Of the 23 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 [87%] achieved satisfactory results with treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity1104 debridement and decortication is safe and effective treatment in the management of stage II and @entity5 thoracis.

title: Efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ( @entity1104 ) for management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III empyema']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema thoracis', 'empyema', 'Empyema thoracis']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery', 'VATS']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II empyema']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema thoracis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the literature on risk stratification after acute @entity583 in the reperfusion era and to propose an algorithm for early and continual risk assessment. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature on @entity1 was done using the terms @entity583 , prospective studies, and prognosis. This search was supplemented by narrowed searches for subheadings (such as @entity1455 , thrombolytic therapy, and stress testing) and surveys of references cited in review articles and book chapters. STUDY SELECTION: Literature on prognosis and @entity583 published from 1981 to 1996 was considered. From the literature on stress testing methods, studies that enrolled @entity1 before 1980, enrolled @entity1 for indications other than @entity583 , tested @entity1 more than 6 weeks after @entity1188 , were missing outcome data, or had inadequate follow-up were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Because too few randomized trials were available to allow the cross-comparison of risk-stratification methods, the available observational data were synthesized and supplemented with clinical judgments to produce recommendations. DATA SYNTHESIS: Risk stratification must begin when acute @entity583 is diagnosed. High-risk @entity1 (such as those with @entity1455 ) and candidates for reperfusion therapy must be identified quickly if ideal emergency care is to be given. At specific points during hospitalization, specialized tests may be useful if they add incremental information to the results of clinical evaluations. High-risk @entity1 who have complications after @entity1188 or significant left @entity67 probably benefit from early angiography; @entity1 without these conditions are at low risk for recurrent events and should have noninvasive stress testing for further risk stratification. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should continually reappraise risk throughout hospitalization to optimize both @entity1 outcomes and cost containment.

title: Risk stratification after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective, multicenter, open-label phase II clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of oral @entity10771 . Reference to an historical group of @entity1 treated with the intravenous (IV) formulation allowed the investigators to compare the two formulations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Efficacy was assessed using the International Workshop on @entity1072 (IWCLL) and National @entity5 Institute (NCI) criteria for complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), stable disease, or disease progression. Safety monitoring included World Health Organization (WHO) @entity137 grading for all adverse events. RESULTS: Seventy-eight (96.3%) of 81 recruited @entity1 with previously treated @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) received 10-mg tablets of @entity10771 to a dose of 40 mg/m(2)/d for 5 days, repeated every 4 weeks, for a total of six to eight cycles. According to IWCLL criteria, the overall remission rate was 46.2% (CR, 20.5%; PR, 25.6%). The comparative figures using NCI criteria were 51.3% (CR, 17.9%; PR, 33.3%). Overall, 30 incidents of severe adverse events were reported for 22 @entity1 . WHO grade 3 or grade 4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity3028 (53.8%), @entity1431 (28.2%), @entity882 (25.6%), and @entity417 (24.4%). Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common with the oral formulation than previously reported with IV @entity10771 . However, these events were generally mild to moderate. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that oral @entity10771 has similar clinical efficacy to the IV formulation and a safety profile that is both predictable and essentially similar to that of the IV formulation.

title: Activity of oral XXXX in previously treated @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity10771 :: ('MESH:C042382', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity10771 :: (MESH:C042382,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine phosphate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the distribution of the alpha11 integrin chain in the @entity1 @entity267 during fetal development and in normal and diseased adult @entity1 corneas. METHODS: Six fetal corneas, 10 to 20 weeks of gestation (wg), and 18 adult corneas including 3 normal, 7 with @entity9042 , 5 with @entity2372 ( @entity2372 ), 2 with @entity13189 , and 1 with a scar after @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) were processed for immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies against the alpha11 integrin chain; collagen I, IV, and V; and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). The cellular source of alpha11 integrin chain was further investigated in cell cultures. RESULTS: At 10 to 17 wg, the alpha11 integrin chain was predominantly present in the anterior corneal stroma. At 20 wg, in normal adult corneas and in @entity13189 corneas there was weak staining in the stroma. The @entity2372 corneas showed variable and weak staining, generally accentuated in the posterior stroma near Descemet's membrane. In contrast, the anterior portion of the stroma in the @entity9042 corneas was strongly stained in an irregular streaky pattern. @entity1 corneal fibroblasts/myofibroblasts produced alpha11 integrin chain in culture. Cultures treated with @entity2533 showed higher content of both alpha-SMA and the alpha11 integrin chain. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the alpha11 integrin chain during early corneal development and the enhanced expression in scarred @entity9042 corneas indicates that this integrin chain is likely to play an important role in collagen deposition during corneal development and in @entity9042 with a scarring component and compromised basement membrane integrity.

title: Alpha11 integrin in the XXXX @entity267 : importance in development and disease.

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic bullous keratopathy', 'PBK']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['deep lamellar keratoplasty', 'DLKP']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ["Fuchs' corneal dystrophy", "Fuchs' dystrophy"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective long-term outcome analysis over more than 10 years. OBJECTIVES: To assess the long-term results of anterior corpectomy and fibular strut grafting over > or =4 disc levels for cervical @entity602 , and identify factors affecting the late deterioration in clinical outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Few studies have shown long-term results after anterior corpectomy and strut grafting. There is little detailed information about the long-term effects of multilevel anterior corpectomy and fusion for cervical @entity602 . METHODS: A total of 31 cases were available for the 10-year follow-up after surgery (86% follow-up rate). Clinical results and radiographic measurements were obtained before surgery, 3 months after surgery, and at follow-up. RESULTS: There were 3 @entity1 who had deterioration of the Japanese Orthopedic Association score of 1 point because of increasing hand numbness; 1 @entity1 had adjacent @entity1797 , and 1 had @entity1516 without additional stenosis on magnetic resonance imaging. Adjacent @entity1797 did not affect the clinical results (P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: The long-term follow-up showed stable clinical results for more than 10 years, which depended on the thorough removal of the possible causes of the @entity602 , such as @entity3057 or a degenerated disc. Adjacent @entity1797 has minimal effects on the long-term clinical results after anterior long fusion.

title: Long-term results over 10 years of anterior corpectomy and fusion for multilevel cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: The results of two schedules of the combination of @entity2879 , @entity632 , and @entity900 (EAP) in @entity356 are reported. @entity38685 was administered as originally reported and consisted of i.v. @entity632 ( @entity632 ) 20 mg/m2 on days 1 and 7, i.v. @entity900 40 mg/m2 on days 2 and 8 and i.v. @entity2879 ( @entity2879 ) 120 mg/m2 (100 mg/m2 in @entity1 aged 60-65) on days 4-6. @entity18320 consisted of i.v. @entity632 40 mg/m2 on day 1, i.v. @entity900 80 mg/m2 (total dose per cycle) given in 3 divided doses on days 1-3 and i.v. @entity2879 100 mg/m2 on days 1-3. Cycles of the two regimens were repeated on day 22. Drug doses were reduced in @entity1 over 65 years of age. Twenty @entity1 were treated with @entity38685 and 43 with @entity18320 . Forty-five of the 63 @entity1 included in this study had advanced @entity356 , 16 had radically resected @entity5 , and 2 had metastatic signet ring cell @entity189 of unknown primary origin. Thirty-eight @entity1 with advanced @entity356 were evaluable for response. The response rate for @entity38685 (6/13, 46%) was similar to that of @entity18320 (13/25, 52%). The median duration of response was 8 months for @entity38685 months for @entity18320 . Myelotoxicity of @entity38685 was much more severe than that of @entity18320 . Hospitalization due to granulocytopenic fever was required in 15/78 (19%) @entity38685 versus 20/215 (9%) @entity18320 courses. @entity137 occurred in 3/20 treated with @entity38685 and in 1/45 treated with @entity18320 . The difference in @entity137 between the two regimens could not be attributed to differences in @entity1 ' characteristics or to dose intensity. We conclude that the modified EAP regimen ( @entity18320 ) is effective in the treatment of @entity356 and is less toxic than the original EAP.

title: Treatment of @entity356 with the combination of @entity2879 , @entity632 and XXXX (EAP): comparison between two schedules.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxic deaths']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Target anticoagulation levels for @entity1229 in Japanese @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 7,527 @entity1 with @entity955 , 1,002 did not receive @entity1229 (non- @entity1229 group), and the remaining @entity1 receiving @entity1229 were divided into 5 groups based on their baseline international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time ( <=1.59, 1.6-1.99, 2.0-2.59, 2.6-2.99, and >= 3.0). @entity1 were followed-up prospectively for 2 years. Primary endpoints were @entity1031 ( @entity385 , transient @entity63 ), and major @entity548 requiring hospital admission. During the follow-up period, @entity1031 occurred in 3.0% of non- @entity1229 group, but at lower frequencies in the @entity1229 groups (2.0, 1.3, 1.5, 0.6, and 1.8%/2 years for INR values of  <=1.59, 1.6-1.99, 2.0-2.59, 2.6-2.99, and >= 3.0, respectively; P=0.0059). Major @entity548 occurred more frequently in @entity1229 groups (1.5, 1.8, 2.4, 3.3, and 4.1% for INR values  <=1.59, 1.6-1.99, 2.0-2.59, 2.6-2.99, and >= 3.0, respectively; P=0.0041) than in non- @entity1229 group (0.8%/2 years). These trends were maintained when the analyses were confined to @entity1 aged >= 70 years. CONCLUSIONS: An INR of 1.6-2.6 is safe and effective at preventing @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity955 , particularly @entity1 aged >= 70 years. An INR of 2.6-2.99 is also effective, but associated with a slightly increased risk in major @entity548 . (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000001569)

title: Target international normalized ratio values for preventing @entity1031 and hemorrhagic events in Japanese XXXX with @entity955 : results of the J-RHYTHM Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack, and systemic embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['non-valvular atrial fibrillation', 'NVAF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is one of the most commonly used agents in the treatment of solid @entity5 ; however, the @entity137 of @entity1500 to bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract complicate this therapy. We, therefore, propose a gene-dependent enzyme prodrug therapy to limit these @entity137 by localizing the production of @entity1500 to the site of the @entity5 . The combination of @entity1500 -alpha-peptide prodrugs, which cannot be internalized by the cellular reduced folate carrier, with carboxypeptidase A (CPA), which can remove the blocking peptide, has been demonstrated previously in vitro using antibody-dependent enzyme prodrug therapy. CPA is normally synthesized as a zymogen that is inactive without proteolytic removal of its propeptide by trypsin. Therefore, to adapt this system to gene-dependent enzyme prodrug therapy, a mutant form of CPA was engineered, CPA(ST3), that does not require trypsin-dependent zymogen cleavage but is instead activated by ubiquitously expressed intracellular propeptidases. Purification, peptide sequencing, and kinetic analysis indicated that mature CPA(ST3) is structurally and functionally similar to the trypsin-activated, wild-type enzyme. In addition, CPA( @entity19 )-expressing @entity5 cells were sensitized to @entity1500 prodrugs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To limit diffusion of CPA, a cell surface localized form was generated by constructing a fusion protein between CPA(ST3) and the @entity4357 linkage domain from decay accelerating factor. @entity214 -PAGE and flow cytometric analysis of infected @entity5 cells indicated that @entity18544 was cell surface localized. Finally, after retroviral transduction, this enzyme/prodrug strategy exhibited a potent bystander effect, even when <10% of the cells were transduced, because extracellular production of @entity1500 sensitized both transduced and nontransduced cells.

title: Expression of endogenously activated secreted or cell surface carboxypeptidase A sensitizes XXXX cells to @entity1499 -alpha-peptide prodrugs.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is consistent evidence that @entity32 is involved in @entity146 pathogenesis. Herein, using data from the High Risk Cohort Study for @entity146 , we investigated the relationship between @entity1316 ( @entity1316 ), environmental factors, serum @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and mental health problems in @entity1 aged 6-12. We measured the serum levels of @entity650 in 567 @entity1 . Information related to socio-demographic characteristics, mental health problems and multiple risk factors, as well as parent's @entity146 diagnosis, was captured. We evaluated two groups of environmental risk factors (i.e. perinatal complications and @entity6100 ) using a cumulative risk model. Results showed that higher serum levels of @entity650 were associated with @entity1316 (RR=1.072, p=0.001), perinatal complications (RR=1.022, p=0.013) and @entity6100 (RR=1.024, p=0.021). There was an interaction between @entity1316 and @entity6100 (RR=1.141, p=0.021), as the effect of @entity1316 on @entity650 was significantly higher in @entity1 exposed to higher levels of @entity6100 . Moreover, there was a positive correlation between @entity650 and mental health problems (RR=1.099, p=0.026), which was moderated by exposure to perinatal complications or @entity6100 (RR=1.273, p=0.015 and RR=1.179, p=0.048, respectively). In conclusions, there is evidence of a differential inflammatory activation in @entity1 with @entity1316 and exposure to environmental risk factors, when compared to matched peers. Systemic @entity32 may be involved in the pathway linking familial risk and mental health problems.

title: Association of serum @entity650 with mental health problems in @entity1 exposed to perinatal complications and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['social disadvantage']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric', 'Psychiatric Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['parental mood disorders', 'PMD']

answer: @entity6100 :: (OMIM:300082,Disease) :: ['social disadvantage']