abstract: The response of single motor units in the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle to @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) of the motor cortex has been assessed using the post-stimulus time histogram during weak @entity2472 in @entity1 with @entity304 and in age-matched, normal subjects. @entity1 and subjects were required to maintain the discharge of a motor unit at a steady rate during @entity9808 . Responses were evident in post-stimulus time histograms of motor unit discharges as single or double peaks at mean (+/- S.E.) latencies of 23.4 msec (+/- 0.7) for normal subjects and 24.9 msec (+/- 0.9) for @entity191 @entity1 . There were no significant differences in latency or tendency to double peaks in the responses of motor units when normal subjects and @entity191 @entity1 were compared. The group data showed no significant difference between the threshold @entity9808 for modulation of the discharge of single motor units in @entity1 and normal subjects. However, 7 of the 15 @entity191 @entity1 , but only 1 of 15 normal subjects, had thresholds to @entity9808 greater than or equal to 45% of the maximum output of the magnetic stimulator. Speed of movement was measured by 3 tasks: (1) timed stand/walk/ @entity19546 , (2) timed peg-board test, (3) frequency of 2-point table taps. In the @entity191 group there was a positive linear correlation between threshold to @entity9808 and degree of @entity2845 for each individual score and the average score on the tests of speed of movement. This was not evident for the normal group. The results are discussed in the light of current views on the mode of action of @entity9808 . The findings are consistent with the conclusion that @entity191 @entity1 exhibiting pronounced @entity2845 have a lowered excitability of the motor cortex.

title: The relation between XXXX and excitability of the motor cortex assessed using @entity9808 in normal and @entity191 subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity2845 :: (MESH:D018476,Disease) :: ['bradykinesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) is life saving in @entity5277 . However, long-term parenteral nutrition is frequently complicated by a syndrome of progressive @entity409 that is considered to be irreversible beyond the early stages of @entity1448 , particularly in the presence of any degree of @entity82 in the liver. The purpose of this study was to examine apparent improvement in @entity409 in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity5277 . METHODS: A retrospective case-record review of all @entity1 managed within a dedicated Intestinal Rehabilitation Program (IRP) identified 13 @entity1 with short bowel who had @entity409 , defined for this purpose as @entity3638 or an abnormal liver biopsy. RESULTS: At referral, 12 of the 13 @entity1 were exclusively on @entity3147 , and one was on 50% @entity3147 . At current follow-up, 3 @entity1 have achieved complete enteral autonomy from @entity3147 , and 7 @entity1 have had smaller decrements in @entity3147 requirements. Specific operative procedures to improve intestinal function were undertaken in 11 @entity1 ; 4 @entity1 also underwent cholecystectomies with biliary irrigation at the time of intestinal reconstruction. The median highest @entity648 level in these 13 @entity1 was 10.7 mg% (range, 3.2 to 24.5 mg%). Liver biopsy results indicated that 5 @entity1 were cirrhotic, 3 had bridging @entity82 , and 4 had severe @entity1448 or lesser degrees of @entity82 . Of 10 survivors in this series, 9 @entity1 currently have a serum @entity648 less than 1 mg% with a median @entity648 in the group of 0.6 mg% (range, 0.3 to 6.4 mg%). Twelve of the 13 @entity1 in this series were initially referred for liver-small bowel transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary experience suggests that @entity3147 @entity1 with advanced @entity409 in the setting of the @entity5277 may, in some instances, experience functional and biochemical liver recovery. The latter appears to parallel autologous gut salvage in most cases. As a corollary, the authors believe that even advanced degrees of @entity409 should not preclude attempts at autologous gut salvage in very carefully selected @entity1 . Such a policy of "aggressive conservatism" may help avoid the need for liver/intestinal transplantation in some @entity1 who appear to be not responding to @entity3147 .

title: Functional liver recovery parallels autologous gut salvage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['PN-associated liver dysfunction', 'liver dysfunction', 'cholestatic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'PN-dependent', 'Parenteral nutrition']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity5277 :: (MESH:D012778,Disease) :: ['short bowel syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to assess the impact of left ventricular diastolic filling on remodeling and survival after @entity583 . METHODS: We studied 36 @entity1 with first acute myocardial treated with thrombolytic agents. A Doppler echocardiography was performed at 24 hours, 30 and 90 days after @entity1188 . It measured the relation between E and A waves peak velocities (E/A ratio) and of the E deceleration time (EDT, ms), as well as the flow propagation velocity using color mode M and the E'-wave by tissular Doppler at the lateral mitral ring. RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into three groups. Group I, restrctive filling (deceleration time < 140 ms, E/ @entity17249 > or = 2, E/A> 2 and E/E' > 15). Group II, elevated filling pressure (deceleration time > or = 140 ms, @entity17746 /E' < or = 15). Group III, normal filling pressure (deceleration time > or = 140 ms, E/ @entity9400 /E' < 15). The E/ @entity17249 showed a better correlation in the group with restrictive filling and left ventricular filling pressure was significantly greater than in the group with normal filling pressure at 90 days (2.18 +/- 0.90 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.35; r = 0.99; P = .0001). The end diastolic volume (EDV) was similar in the three groups 24 hours after @entity1188 . EDV varied at 90 days after @entity1188 in those @entity1 that underwent successful coronary angioplasty. Group I, 142.48 +/- 32 vs. 112.48 +/- 32, r = 573; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: E/FVP, using color M-mode Doppler echocardiography, estimates left ventricular filling pressure and predicts @entity5988 after @entity583 .

title: [The echocardiography in cardiac remodeling after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of simultaneous resection in the treatment of nonmuscle invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) with @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Combined published data from comparative studies on simultaneous transurethral resection of @entity150 /transurethral resection of the prostate (TURBT/TURP) vs TURBT alone in NMIBC were analyzed, considering possible confounding factors. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the primary effect size to estimate the outcome of @entity5 recurrence, recurrence in @entity1494 /prostatic fossa. RESULTS: In six eligible clinical trials, 483 @entity1 were treated with simultaneous resection and 500 with TURBT alone. Within the follow-up period, @entity5 recurrence developed in 203 (42%) @entity1 in the simultaneous resection group and 256 (51.2%) @entity1 in the control group. The combined analysis indicated that the recurrence rate in the simultaneous resection group was statistically significantly lower than in the control group in the overall pooled data (combined OR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.88, P = 0.003). @entity5 recurrence of @entity1494 /prostatic fossa developed in 37(7.7%) @entity1 in the simultaneous resection group and 42 (8.4%) @entity1 in the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (combined OR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.49, P = 0.74). Potential confounders, such as mean age, mean follow-up duration, multiplicity of @entity5 , and year of publication did not significantly influence the results. CONCLUSION: There was at least the evidence that simultaneous TURBT/TURP did not increase the overall recurrence rate and recurrence rate in @entity1494 /prostatic fossa. Simultaneous TURBT/TURP might be preferable for @entity1 with NMIBC and @entity1067 .

title: Does simultaneous transurethral resection of @entity150 and prostate affect the recurrence of XXXX ? A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'overall tumor']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity4357 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway can be activated by alterations affecting several pathway components. For rational application of targeted therapies, detailed understanding of @entity5 biology and approaches to predict efficacy in individual @entity5 are required. Our aim was to assess the frequency and distribution of pathway alterations in @entity150 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We examined the pathway components ( @entity10160 , @entity983 , @entity10622 , @entity20191 , and @entity2839 ) and putative upstream regulators ( @entity2557 and RAS genes) for mutation, allelic loss, copy number alteration, and expression in @entity150 and cell lines. RESULTS: No mutations were found in @entity20191 and only a single mutation in @entity2839 . @entity10160 mutations were detected in 25% of @entity5 and 26% of cell lines with a significant excess of helical domain mutations ( @entity20192 and @entity20193 ). There was over-representation but not amplification of the gene. Loss of heterozygosity of the @entity983 region and homozygous deletion were found in 12% and 1.4% of @entity5 , and reduced expression in 49%. Forty-six percent of cell lines showed alterations that implicated @entity983 . Sixteen percent of @entity5 and 11% of cell lines showed @entity10622 mutation, and 9q loss of heterozygosity was common (57%). Pathway alterations were independently distributed, suggesting that the mutation of two pathway members may have additive or synergistic effects through noncanonical functions. CONCLUSIONS: PI3K pathway alterations are common in @entity150 . The lack of redundancy of alterations suggests that single-agent PI3K-targeted therapy may not be successful in these @entity5 . This study provides a well-characterized series of cell lines for use in preclinical studies of targeted agents.

title: Spectrum of @entity4357 3-kinase pathway gene alterations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Several clinical observations suggest that there is a link between @entity1694 and @entity320 . We examined whether an immune response to similar antigens on pigment cells could account for this association. We tested 30 @entity1 with @entity320 , 29 @entity1 with @entity1694 , and 28 @entity1 with unrelated conditions for antibodies to human melanocyte antigens using an immunoprecipitation @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) analysis assay. RESULTS: Antibodies to melanocytes were present in 24 (80%) @entity1 from the @entity320 group, 24 (83%) @entity1 from the @entity1694 group, and in two (7%) @entity1 from the control group. The antibodies in @entity1 with @entity320 or @entity1694 were directed to similar antigens with molecular weights of approximately 40 to 45, 75, and 90 kd. The frequency of antibody responses to each of these antigens was similar in both diseases. By sequential immunodepletion, the antigens defined by antibodies in both diseases were similar. These antigens were also expressed on @entity320 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity320 or with @entity1694 develop antibodies to similar antigens that are present both on melanocytes and on @entity320 cells. These findings support the hypothesis that the clinical link between the two diseases results from immune responses to antigens shared by normal and malignant pigment cells.

title: @entity320 and XXXX are associated with antibody responses to similar antigens on pigment cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has been widely used to prevent @entity1211 in @entity5 surgical @entity1 . However, relatively few studies have examined the safety aspects related to the use of LMWH after @entity5 surgery. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between @entity548 complications and @entity16095 after @entity356 surgery. METHODS: From March to July in 2009, 179 consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity356 surgery at our institution were administered LMWH (3200 U once daily from 2 to 6 h before surgery until discharge) perioperatively. A total of 182 @entity1 consecutively treated before the introduction of LMWH prophylaxis were selected as controls. RESULTS: There were 234 @entity1 and 127 @entity1 (mean age, 60 +/- 12 years). No significant intergroup differences were observed with respect to clinicopathological features and operative procedures. No @entity1 in the LMWH or control group developed symptomatic @entity1211 postoperatively. However, the LMWH group had a significantly higher surgical complication rate (27.4 versus 15.4%, P = 0.005). Among the surgical complications, @entity86 and wound complications were significantly higher in the LMWH group, whereas other complications were similar in the two study groups. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity6971 administration was an independent risk factor (odds ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-6.23, P = 0.009) of @entity86 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity16095 was found to increase significantly the risk of @entity548 complications after @entity356 surgery. Optimal LMWH prophylaxis regimens, including the dosage and timing of treatment commencement, for @entity356 surgery should be determined in further clinical trials.

title: The effect of low molecular weight heparin thromboprophylaxis on @entity548 complications after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity16095 :: ('MESH:C567116', 'Disease') :: ['LMWH thromboprophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: A 44-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our department because of a painless lump on her forehead. Physical examinations were normal except for this lump. Both laboratory data and neurological findings were normal. Plain skull radiograph showed a 4.5 X 5.0 cm honeycombed radiolucent defect in the frontal bone. CT scan demonstrated this lucent defect as a reticular pattern by means of changing the window levels. Moreover, invasive lesion of the inner table which could not be identified in the plain radiographs, was also demonstrated on CT. A left common carotid angiogram showed irregular pooling of contrast material in the radiolucent area of the frontal bone. Angiographically, blood supplies to this @entity5 were mainly contributed by the frontal branches of the middle meningeal artery and a meningeal branch of the anterior falx artery from the terminal portion of the ophthalmic artery. A bone scintigram revealed accumulation of @entity75 . A highly @entity5 , which was partially adherent to the underlying dura, was removed as en bloc. Postoperative course was uneventful. The histology revealed thin-walled dilated vessels between the trabeculae, and it was diagnosed as @entity2477 of the bone. @entity2695 of the calvarium is estimated to constitute 0.2% of all osseous @entity5 and 10% of primary @entity5 the of the skull. @entity2695 of the skull frequently involves the frontal bone. The condition is often found in middle-aged females. The symptom is only a slowly growing, painless lump in most of the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX of the frontal bone].

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['radioisotope in the lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor', 'benign neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

answer: @entity2477 :: (MESH:D006392,Disease) :: ['Cavernous hemangioma']


abstract: A computer-administered memory test was given to normal subjects instructed to feign @entity75 , normal controls, and @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 with complaints of @entity2414 . The test, a revised version of an instrument developed by Hiscock and Hiscock (1989) employed forced, two-choice recognition of previously presented five-digit numbers. Two levels of item difficulty and three retention intervals were used. Control and @entity131 subjects performed at near ceiling level on easy items and items with short retention intervals. Feigning subjects performed worse than @entity131 and control subjects at all levels of item difficulty and all retention intervals. Subjects groups were maximally distinguishable from one another by performance on difficult items and items with the longest retention interval. All @entity131 @entity1 performed at or above chance level. Only 15% of the feigning subjects performed below chance level on any section of the test. Jack-knifed discriminant function analysis correctly classified 83% of all subjects into their respective groups. Although evaluation of @entity1 performance relative to chance probability is useful for indicating the presence of extremely exaggerated @entity2414 , criteria derived from sample distributions of group scores were superior for evaluation of motivation in less obvious cases. The Victoria Revision may be useful for detecting true @entity2414 as well as dissimulation.

title: Detecting dissimulation: profiles of simulated malingerers, traumatic brain-injury XXXX , and normal controls on a revised version of Hiscock and Hiscock's Forced-Choice Memory Test.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain-injured', 'TBI']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficit', 'memory deficits', 'memory dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A major challenge in the treatment of major @entity308 episodes associated with @entity162 is differentiating this illness from major @entity308 episodes associated with major @entity308 . Mistaking the former for the latter will lead to incorrect treatment and poor outcomes. None of the classic antidepressants, @entity750 specific reuptake inhibitors, or @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors have ever received regulatory approval as monotherapies for the treatment of @entity162 . At present, there are only 3 approved medication treatments for @entity162 : @entity1037 / @entity905 combination, @entity1089 (immediate or extended release), and @entity8409 (monotherapy or adjunctive to @entity1091 or @entity1092 ). All 3 have similar efficacy profiles, but they differ in terms of tolerability. Number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) can be used to quantify these similarities and differences. The NNTs for response and remission for each of these interventions vs placebo range from 4 to 7, and 5 to 7, respectively, with overlap in terms of their 95% confidence intervals. NNH values less than 10 (vs placebo) were observed for the spontaneously reported adverse events of @entity1017 and @entity294 for @entity1037 / @entity905 combination (7 and 9, respectively) and @entity2147 and @entity2133 for @entity1089 (3 and 4, respectively). There were no NNH values less than 10 (vs placebo) observed with @entity8409 treatment. NNH values vs placebo for @entity1017 of at least 7% from baseline were 6, 16, 58, and 36, for @entity1037 / @entity905 combination, @entity1089 , @entity8409 monotherapy, and @entity8409 combined with @entity1091 or @entity1092 , respectively. Individualizing treatment decisions will require consideration of the different potential adverse events that are more likely to occur with each medication. The metric of the likelihood to be helped or harmed (LHH) is the ratio of @entity15852 to NNT and can illustrate the tradeoffs inherent in selecting medications. A more favorable LHH was noted for treatment with @entity8409 . However, @entity15853 and @entity1089 monotherapy may still have utility in high urgency situations, particularly in @entity1 who have demonstrated good outcomes with these interventions in the past, and where a pressing clinical need for efficacy mitigates their potential tolerability shortcomings. In terms of maintenance therapy, adjunctive @entity1089 is the only agent where the NNT vs @entity1091 or @entity1092 alone is less than 10 for both the prevention of @entity162 and the prevention of @entity308 .

title: Treatment of XXXX : making sensible decisions.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'mania', 'bipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity8409 :: ('MESH:C525644', 'Chemical') :: ['lurasidone']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar depression']


abstract: Tricyclic antidepressant ( @entity2974 ) ingestions remain a serious and not uncommon @entity1445 in @entity1 . In adults, a terminal 40 millisecond QRS vector (T40-ms) between 120 and 270 degrees has been proposed as a marker for @entity2974 @entity1445 ; however, the normal rightward deviation and high incidence of incomplete @entity714 noted in the electrocardiograms (ECGs) of young @entity1 may limit the usefulness of this criterion in this population. A retrospective chart review of pediatric @entity1 less than 11 years of age admitted to the Hospital for Sick @entity1 with birth dates after 1971 identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, coding for @entity2974 ingestion was undertaken, and data related to complications were collected and reviewed. The ECGs of 35 @entity1 presenting with @entity2974 ingestion were examined by two blinded cardiologists and the T40-ms as well as QRS, QTc, and PR intervals were calculated and compared to those of 35 healthy age-matched controls undergoing routine ECGs. In the 35 @entity1 (aged 48 +/- 39 months [mean +/- SD]) with a history of @entity2974 ingestion, symptoms were categorized as significant in 18 (51%), mild in 12 (34%), and none in five (14%). @entity410 were present in 13 (37%), @entity551 in three (9%), and @entity943 in five (14%). The mean T40-ms axes in the @entity2974 and control groups were 111 +/- 66 degrees and 97 +/- 71 degrees, respectively. A T40-ms between 120 and 270 degrees had a sensitivity of 38% and a specificity of 74%. A marked variability in the T40-ms was noted in both the exposed and control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessment of the terminal 40-millisecond QRS vector in XXXX with a history of tricyclic antidepressant ingestion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency, predictors, and outcomes following inadvertent splenectomy during @entity14 resection. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Linkage of the @entity5 Registry and the California @entity1 Discharge Database from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. @entity1 : Californians undergoing @entity14 resection from 1995 through 2001. Inadvertent splenectomy was defined as splenectomy occurring during non-T4 or non-stage IV resection. Main Outcome Measure The rate of inadvertent splenectomy for the overall cohort and by @entity5 location (eg, @entity4558 , rectosigmoid). Multivariate risk-adjusted models identified predictors of inadvertent splenectomy and outcomes including length of stay and probability of @entity204 . RESULTS: A total of 41,999 non-T4, non-stage IV @entity14 resections were studied. Mean age was 70.4 years; 50.4% were male; and 75.6% were non-Hispanic white. Although the overall rate of inadvertent splenectomy was less than 1%, the rate was 6% for @entity5 . A multivariate risk-adjusted model predicting inadvertent splenectomy demonstrated a statistically significant (P < .001) higher odds ratio if the @entity5 was located in the transverse (3.6), @entity4558 (29.2), descending (11.4), sigmoid (2.7), or rectosigmoid (2.6) regions. Using a risk-adjusted model, inadvertent splenectomy increased length of stay by 37.4% (P < .001). Perhaps most important, risk-adjusted survival analysis showed splenectomy increased the probability of @entity204 by 40% (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first large study evaluating the rates and outcomes after inadvertent splenectomy. In the population-based cohort, @entity5 locations from the transverse colon to the rectosigmoid significantly increased the odds of inadvertent splenectomy. In addition, inadvertent splenectomy during @entity14 resection increased both length of stay and probability of @entity204 .

title: The significance of inadvertent splenectomy during XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'splenic flexure tumors', 'California Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether central venous pressure and fluid balance after resuscitation for @entity326 are associated with mortality. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective review of the use of intravenous fluids during the first 4 days of care. SETTING: Multicenter randomized controlled trial. @entity1 : The Vasopressin in Septic Shock Trial (VASST) study enrolled 778 @entity1 who had @entity326 and who were receiving a minimum of 5  g of @entity1063 per minute. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Based on net fluid balance, we determined whether one's fluid balance quartile was correlated with 28-day mortality. We also analyzed whether fluid balance was predictive of central venous pressure and furthermore whether a guideline-recommended central venous pressure of 8-12 mm Hg yielded a mortality advantage. At enrollment, which occurred on average 12 hrs after presentation, the average fluid balance was +4.2 L. By day 4, the cumulative average fluid balance was +11 L. After correcting for age and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, a more positive fluid balance at both at 12 hrs and day 4 correlated significantly with increased mortality. Central venous pressure was correlated with fluid balance at 12 hrs, whereas on days 1-4, there was no significant correlation. At 12 hrs, @entity1 with central venous pressure <8 mm Hg had the lowest mortality rate followed by those with central venous pressure 8-12 mm Hg. The highest mortality rate was observed in those with central venous pressure >12 mm Hg. Contrary to the overall effect, @entity1 whose central venous pressure was <8 mm Hg had improved survival with a more positive fluid balance. CONCLUSIONS: A more positive fluid balance both early in resuscitation and cumulatively over 4 days is associated with an increased risk of mortality in @entity326 . Central venous pressure may be used to gauge fluid balance  <= 12 hrs into @entity326 but becomes an unreliable marker of fluid balance thereafter. Optimal survival in the VASST study occurred with a positive fluid balance of approximately 3 L at 12 hrs.

title: Fluid resuscitation in XXXX : a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: A 47-year-old @entity1 had @entity294 in 1965. Four years later, @entity8884 was diagnosed and the @entity1 was found to have mild @entity6113 . @entity706 was suspected, but exploratory laparotomy was normal except for partial villous atrophy of small intestine and slightly enlarged mesenteric lymphnodes which were normal microscopically. In vitro lymphocyte blastformation with phytohemagglutinin was depressed markedly throughout the course and the result predicted the developement of malignancy of the lymphocytic system. @entity281 was found thereafter, and @entity207 was quite effective for @entity294 . In August, 1974, he noticed cervical @entity3329 for the first time and it was diagnosed as undifferentiated type of @entity706 . He died in December, 1974. In this case @entity294 was most probably caused by the @entity281 of Isospora belli without @entity706 . The symptom was swept away by peroral @entity207 . In this @entity1 @entity7843 was presumably induced and prolonged by suppression of cellular immunity which might have already begun to progress at the onset of @entity294 .

title: XXXX initiated with @entity8884 due to Isospora belli @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal lymphoma', 'obvious lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption syndrome']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['coccidiosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal infection', 'Infection of Isospora belli']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Malignant lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 newborn @entity1 have increased susceptibility to gram-negative @entity2348 . Since lipopolysaccharide (LPS) @entity5309 ( @entity5309 ) to enhance host defense functions, we investigated its effect on adult and newborn @entity5309 in vitro. METHODS: @entity5309 were isolated from blood of healthy adults and umbilical cords of full term newborns using dextran and Ficoll-Paque gradient sedimentation. Gel electrophoresis and Western blotting of membranes were used to probe for Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase @entity1435 phosphorylation, @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ) and @entity4100 ( @entity4100 ) on isolated @entity5309 membranes using specific antibodies. LPS induced degranulation was assessed using CD66 expression on @entity5309 measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: We show that @entity1435 phosphorylation in newborn @entity5309 is attenuated in response to LPS stimulation even though adult and newborn @entity5309 have similar amounts of @entity1435 protein. The degree of attenuation in newborn @entity5309 is dependent on the osmolarity of the medium. In addition, LPS-induced degranulation, a process that is @entity1435 dependent, was also absent in newborn @entity5309 . Although the LPS receptor @entity2939 is present at similar levels on newborn and adult @entity5309 , its downstream adaptor protein @entity4100 was significantly diminished in newborn @entity5309 compared to adult cells. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mechanism of @entity5309 priming by LPS is not fully understood, our results suggest that @entity4100 and @entity1435 phosphorylation are important pathways in the process and contribute to attenuated response of newborn @entity5309 to LPS in vitro.

title: @entity1 newborn polymorphonuclear neutrophils exhibit decreased levels of @entity4100 and attenuated XXXX phosphorylation in response to lipopolysaccharide.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity4100 :: ('4615', 'Gene') :: ['MyD88', 'Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88']

entities_list: @entity5309 :: ('MESH:C564275', 'Disease') :: ['PMN', 'primes polymorphonuclear neutrophils']

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1561 , a cause of chronic @entity409 in @entity28 adults also occurs in @entity28 @entity1 . In susceptible populations, @entity1560 progresses to @entity1561 and eventually to @entity82 and @entity82 . @entity1561 is associated with elevation of @entity493 aminotransferase, although the aminotransferases can also be normal. The prevalence of @entity1561 in @entity164 2 @entity6 is unclear in adults and unknown in @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of elevated serum aminotransferases as a marker of @entity1561 in @entity2175 and to identify correlates of aminotransferase elevation. METHODS: A chart review was completed on 115 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 at a pediatric @entity6 clinic. The prevalence of elevated @entity493 aminotransferase was calculated from the 42% of @entity1 with available aminotransferase measurements and correlations with fasting lipids, hemoglobin A-1c, body mass index, age and @entity6 therapy were sought. RESULTS: The prevalence of elevated @entity493 aminotransferase was 48%. There was no association between elevations and other variables. Among subjects with elevated @entity493 aminotransferase, 39% were one to two times above normal, 26% were two to three times normal and 35% were greater than three times above normal. Several @entity1 experienced improvement in aminotransferase elevations after using insulin-sensitizing medications. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of elevated serum aminotransferases among @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 unrelated to age, body mass index, glycemic control, blood lipids or @entity6 therapy. The significance of this abnormality and its relationship to @entity1561 requires further evaluation.

title: XXXX 2 @entity6 in @entity1 is frequently associated with elevated @entity493 aminotransferase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Upper @entity360 remains a problem in spite of improved diagnosis and management. There is sparse knowledge of recent epidemiology and outcomes. We wanted to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity360 over a 4-year period in a tertiary referral hospital. METHODS: We prospectively collected data on @entity1 admitted with @entity360 to John Hunter Hospital between August 2004 and December 2008. Variables of interest included age, gender, co-morbidities, and time to endoscopy. Main outcomes included etiology, treatment, and survival. Variceal and @entity548 were analyzed separately. RESULTS: There were 792 admissions from 734 unique @entity1 (61% male) with a mean age of 66 years. The most frequent causes of @entity548 (88%) included @entity1066 265 (33%); Mallory Weiss tear 91 (11%); @entity2910 60 (8%), and malignancy 29 (4%). Most @entity1 had one or more co-morbidity (74%). Transfusion was not employed in 41%. Overall mortality was 4.0% (5.4% in the variceal and 3.9% in the non-variceal group). Only 1.9% of @entity1 had surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 presenting with @entity360 are overall elderly with significant co-morbidities. Our overall mortality and surgery rates are lower than in previously published international data.

title: Characteristics and outcomes of XXXX in a tertiary referral hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['non-variceal bleeds']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage', 'upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: AIM:     The STARR procedure is a surgical option for the treatment of rectocoele associated with @entity3885 ( @entity3885 ). The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of this technique in restoring anatomy and the long-term sustainability of symptom control and quality of life. METHODS:     Of 48 @entity1 operated on from 2003 to 2007, 30 were enrolled for this prospective assessment of anatomical correction and functional improvement of @entity3885 . Results from a standardised questionnaire concerning functional results ( @entity3885 score), @entity322 (Cleveland Clinic score) and @entity1 Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life ( @entity16180 -QoL) were prospectively collected. Systematic dynamic defaecography, together with anorectal physiology testing, were performed before surgery and 6 months after. 25 @entity1 were available for long-term assessment of functional outcome (more than 4 years). RESULTS:     The mean age of the population was 57 +/- 7 years. STARR produced significant improvements in the PAC QoL (p<0.05) and @entity3885 score (p<.0001), but not in the @entity322 score. At defaecography, correction was significant with respect to the depth (p=0.007), perimeter (p<0.0001) and neck (p=0.001) of rectocoele. Anorectal physiology revealed a lower maximal tolerated rectal volume (p<.0001). After 58 months, the 25 @entity1 showed sustained functional results and QoL. Four @entity1 (16%) underwent further surgical procedure for @entity3087 and 8 @entity1 (32%) still required laxatives. CONCLUSION:     Our study confirms the efficacy of the STARR procedure, with sustained improvement in function and QoL. However, a substantial number of @entity1 remain symptomatic.

title: Anatomical and functional results after stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor disorders']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructed defaecation syndrome', 'ODS']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['obstructed defaecation syndrome']


abstract: The @entity1457 response is a conserved response to cell injury. We sought to determine if @entity63 alone versus events at reperfusion stimulated expression of the major @entity1457 protein (hsp-72) in a clinically relevant model of global @entity741 in @entity1707 . @entity1707 were placed on nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. Serial transmural cardiac biopsies were taken at baseline following 20 min of normothermic global @entity63 (induced by crossclamping the aorta) and at 20, 40, and 60 min of reperfusion. Test animals received a bolus and subsequent aortic root infusion of @entity224 dismutase (total 7,500 U/kg) beginning just prior to reperfusion. Hsp-72 mRNA abundance was estimated from Northern blots. We found that hsp-72 mRNA was not induced following 20 min of @entity63 but accumulated to high levels within 20 min of reperfusion. Intravascular administration of @entity224 dismutase at reperfusion eliminated hsp-72 mRNA induction. We conclude that in the postischemic myocardium, hsp-72 gene expression is dependent on @entity224 anion generation at reperfusion. In this setting, hsp-72 gene expression may reflect a specific response to oxidative injury rather than a more general response to metabolic stress associated with @entity63 .

title: Myocardial @entity1457 gene expression in @entity1707 is dependent on XXXX anion generated at reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Repopulation during fractionated radiotherapy has been postulated to result in a significant loss in local control in rapidly proliferating @entity5 . Clinical data suggest that accelerated fractionation schedules can overcome the influence of repopulation by limiting the overall treatment time. Unfortunately, accelerated therapy frequently leads to increased acute reactions, which may become dose limiting. An alternative to accelerated fractionation would be to decrease the rate of repopulation during therapy. To test the potential efficacy of this alternative, we examined the effect of reducing @entity5 proliferation rate on the response of MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 xenografts treated with a short vs. a long course of fractionated therapy. To reduce the proliferation rate, we deprived @entity19 transplanted with MCF-7 xenografts of the growth-stimulating hormone @entity53 (E2). We have previously reported that E2 deprivation increases the potential doubling time (Tpot) for MCF-7 xenografts from a mean of 2.6 days to 5.3 days (p < 0.001). METHODS AND MATERIALS: E2-stimulated and E2-deprived MCF-7 @entity0 xenografts were clamped @entity519 and irradiated with four fractions of 5 Gy each, using either a short (3-day) or long (9-day) treatment course. E2 stimulation was restored in all animals at the completion of irradiation. Radiation response was determined by regrowth time and regrowth delay of the irradiated @entity5 as compared to unirradiated controls. RESULTS: Prolongation of therapy in rapidly proliferating, E2-stimulated @entity5 (Tpot approximately 2.6 days) resulted in a significant decrease in regrowth time in two identical experiments. With results pooled for analysis, the regrowth times for the short and long treatments were 62 and 32 days, respectively (combined p < 0.001). The shorter regrowth times suggest that there was less overall @entity5 damage with the longer fractionated radiotherapy course. No significant difference in regrowth time was observed in the more slowly proliferating, E2-deprived @entity5 (Tpot approximately 5.3 days) treated with either the short or long regimen. Median regrowth times were 48 and 54.5 days for the short and long treatments, respectively (combined p = 0.14). Similar changes were observed in regrowth delay. CONCLUSIONS: Reduction in the rate of cell proliferation, induced by E2 deprivation in MCF-7 @entity1 breast xenografts during fractionated radiotherapy, resulted in a significantly decreased dependence on overall treatment time in comparison to the more rapidly proliferating E2-stimulated @entity5 . This model suggests that pharmacologically induced reduction in the rate of @entity5 cell proliferation during a course of fractionated radiotherapy may be a viable alternative to accelerated fractionation for the treatment of rapidly proliferating @entity5 .

title: The decreased influence of overall treatment time on the response of XXXX @entity0 xenografts following prolongation of the potential doubling time (Tpot).

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxically']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the United States, intermittent or chronic mono- or @entity4932 , particularly affecting the knee, is the most common manifestation of @entity3001 ( @entity3001 ). @entity625 ( @entity625 ) can usually be prevented by early treatment of acute @entity3001 . However, the @entity1910 may go undetected in @entity1 and in the dark skin of African Americans, leading to delayed treatment and a relatively increased incidence in @entity625 . Virtually all untreated @entity1 with @entity625 have high levels of serum immunoglobulin G antibodies, and sometimes low levels of immunoglobulin M antibodies, to @entity2069 (Bb) by ELISA and Western blot. These responses may persist for many years after antibiotic treatment, and therefore, serologic results do not accurately distinguish between active or past @entity281 . Most @entity1 with @entity625 respond well to standard courses of antibiotic treatment, but a small percentage have persistent knee @entity603 , in some cases possibly related to the triggering of intrasynovial autoimmunity. Other @entity1 develop a syndrome of @entity4841 , @entity925 , fatigue, and subjective @entity73 during or soon after @entity3001 , which persists despite antibiotic treatment. @entity1 with this post-treatment, @entity3001 were recently studied in a placebo-controlled double-blind antibiotic trial. There was no evidence of @entity281 in these @entity1 by culture or detection of Bb DNA in blood or spinal fluid. Furthermore, there was no difference in responsiveness of these @entity1 to a 3-month course of antibiotic compared with placebo treatment. Thus, @entity625 caused by active Bb @entity281 , post-treatment @entity625 with persistent knee @entity603 and @entity3001 are distinct and distinguishable clinical entities.

title: XXXX and @entity3001 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['late Lyme disease', 'LD', 'post-LD syndrome']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['LA', 'Lyme arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans rash']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive difficulty']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['oligoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Borrelial infection']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse arthralgia']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Lyme arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the outcomes of @entity344 and @entity1124 in severe @entity788 . SETTING: University tertiary referral center. @entity1 : One hundred thirty-six @entity1 from 1982 to 1994. INTERVENTION: Diversion followed by resection and ostomy closure for @entity344 , pancreaticojejunostomy for @entity3472 , and excision, external drainage, or internal drainage for @entity9007 . RESULTS: The incidence of @entity281 was 24% (8/33) for peripancreatic fluid collections and 59% (61/103) for @entity1 with @entity39 plus fluid collections or @entity39 without fluid. Sixty-nine @entity1 developed 25 @entity344 and 51 complications caused by @entity1124 . Necrosis and @entity281 but not the open packing technique were associated with increased risk of @entity344 . In @entity1 with @entity1124 , @entity3472 developed following necrosectomy and external drainage, while pancreatic @entity9007 evolved from undrained peripancreatic fluid collections. @entity344 required prompt operative intervention, whereas @entity1124 was treated nonoperatively initially. The mortality rate was 13% (3/23) in @entity1 with @entity344 , similar to the overall mortality rate of 10.3% (14/136). There was no mortality in @entity1 with @entity3472 or @entity9007 . Length of hospital stay was prolonged by the presence of @entity39 and @entity281 , not by @entity344 or ductal disruption. Thirty-eight of the 69 @entity1 with these complications required readmission for operative management of their complications. To date, only 18 (13.2%) of 136 @entity1 with severe @entity788 have not required surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: @entity344 and @entity1124 are common in severe @entity788 . Although these complications are not associated with increased mortality or prolonged initial length of stay, readmission for elective surgical correction is necessary in most @entity1 . Severe @entity788 is a surgical disease, requiring both acute and long-term surgical care.

title: Gastrointestinal and pancreatic complications associated with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal disruption']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal fistulas', 'Gastrointestinal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistulas']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: A review of 256 cases of pathologic Stage I uterine @entity420 treated at Stanford University Hospital revealed 26 cases of uterine @entity1377 (UPSC), a clinically aggressive and morphologically distinct variant of @entity420 which closely resembles @entity43 . These lesions are easily recognized by microscopic examination and typically feature a high degree of cytologic anaplasia and a papillary growth pattern. Invasion of the lymphatics has been a frequent finding. The relapse rate among @entity1 with pathologic Stage I UPSC was 50% (13/26), five times the rate which would have been predicted by the incidence of UPSC. @entity1 with Stage I UPSC fared significantly worse than the group of nonpapillary grade II or grade III @entity420 (p less than 0.0001). Forty percent of Stage I UPSC @entity1 had deep myometrial invasion, as compared with 12% of those with all other histologic types of @entity420 (p = 0.001). @entity1 with UPSC deeply invading the myometrium tended to do worse than those with deeply invasive lesions of the more usual endometrioid type as reflected by relapse rates (after surgery alone) of 63% and 30%, respectively. Of seven Stage I corpus @entity189 @entity1 whose initial site of failure was in the upper abdomen, six had UPSC. Thus, UPSC shares the tendency of its ovarian counterpart to spread over peritoneal surfaces. In addition to the original study group of 26 Stage I @entity1 , 34 @entity1 with more advanced stages of UPSC were also reviewed. Of these, 26 have been followed and four survive. Eleven of these @entity1 presented or relapsed with @entity1661 . UPSC is a clinically aggressive @entity5 which should be distinguished from other types of primary @entity1204 . In cases of invasive UPSC the mode of spread, similar to that of ovarian surface epithelial @entity189 , suggests the need for adjuvant upper abdominal and pelvic irradiation or effective chemotherapy.

title: Uterine @entity1377 : a highly malignant form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An @entity6309 challenge is a novel technique for assessing @entity726 using @entity6309 , a topical drug which temporarily increases aqueous production. We aimed to determine whether change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and/or optic cup volume (OCV) during the test differentiated between @entity726 @entity1 at different stages of disease; namely, @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ), @entity726 @entity1 who are stable (SG) and @entity726 @entity1 who have demonstrated rapid @entity2789 ( @entity2789 ). DESIGN: Non-randomized clinical trial evaluating a diagnostic test. @entity1 : Sixty-one @entity1 were recruited through @entity726 clinics at the Flinders Medical Centre (24 @entity2790 , 24 SG and 13 @entity2789 ). METHODS: @entity1 underwent IOP measurement and OCV assessment using optical coherence tomography. Two drops of @entity6309 2% solution were instilled into the study eye of each @entity1 . After 45 min, IOP and OCV were reassessed. Changes from baseline were compared between groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in IOP and OCV after @entity6309 challenge. RESULTS: Following the @entity6309 challenge, IOP increased by 1.8 mmHg for @entity2790 @entity1 , 4.5 mmHg for SG @entity1 (P = 0.003) and 8.1 mmHg for @entity2789 @entity1 (P < 0.0001). OCV increased by 0.2% for @entity2790 @entity1 , 0.6% for SG @entity1 and 5.5% for @entity2789 @entity1 . This was not significantly different between @entity2790 @entity1 and SG @entity1 ; however, it was significantly different between @entity2790 @entity1 and @entity2789 @entity1 (P < 0.0001), and between SG and @entity2789 @entity1 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity2790 @entity1 may be differentiated from those with SG or @entity2789 by their IOP response, and SG may be differentiated from @entity2789 @entity1 by their change in OCV following an @entity6309 challenge.

title: @entity6309 challenge testing differentiates XXXX suspect, stable @entity726 and progressive @entity726 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2789 :: ('MESH:D018450', 'Disease') :: ['progression', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'glaucoma suspects']

entities_list: @entity6309 :: ('MESH:C023487', 'Chemical') :: ['ibopamine']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction Talar dislocation fractures of @entity196 (Marti and Weber) are extremely rare injuries with special challenges to the surgeon and poor results. Due to their low incidence and the sparse literature, it is unclear what is the optimal treatment and how complications can be minimised. Material and Methods A literature research was carried out using the online medical database "PubMed". The findings of the literature were then applied to a clinical case of @entity196 talar dislocation @entity174 (Marti and Weber). Results Modern osteosynthesis with generous and multiple access paths is to be preferred to the previously prioritised methods of talectomy and arthrodesis. Priority is put on the fastest possible reposition of the @entity174 , while sparing the soft tissue and the conditions of vascularisation. It can be assumed that with increasing degree of dislocation the risk of @entity39 of the talus rises too, but this does not necessarily correlate with the clinical outcome. Conclusions In totally dislocated fractures of the talus, the focus is on prompt reposition and sufficient osteosynthetic supply. Nevertheless, frequent complications have to be expected. Medial explantation, which is described in the clinical example and lateral re-implantation of the talar body have never been described before in the literature and were an encouraging development.

title: [Current Recommendations for the Therapy of Dislocated XXXX Weber and Marti Type IV - Literature Research].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Talus Fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity6677 (GDM) is constantly increasing all around the world. Aim of this study is to report prevalence and regional differences of GDM, oral @entity413 tolerance tests (OGTT) and register-based GDM risk factors [age and body mass index (BMI)] among Finnish @entity1 . METHODS: Data from the Finnish Medical Birth Register including all deliveries in Finland during 2004-06 (N   =   174   634) were used. The criteria for GDM were abnormal results in OGTT, GDM diagnosis based on ICD-10 classification or use of insulin treatment during pregnancy. Pregnant @entity1 with @entity1723 were excluded, but @entity1 with pregestational @entity6 (type II) were included since they also can receive GDM diagnosis. RESULTS: The prevalence of GDM was 10-11% and OGTTs 22-28% between the period 2004 until 2006. Regional differences were 2-fold both in prevalence of GDM (8-15%) and OGTTs (19-34%). Proportions of @entity28 @entity1 varied between 28% and 35% and @entity1 aged >40 years between 3% and 4%. The regional differences in GDM prevalence were not attenuated when risk factors were taken into account. Overweight and age >= years explained only a fourth of the variation in GDM prevalence. CONCLUSION: Proportion of @entity1 undergoing OGTT increased but the prevalence of GDM did not during the study period. Two-fold regional differences in OGTT prevalence explained higher proportion of variation in prevalence of GDM than risk factors available from birth registry, age and BMI.

title: Prevalence and regional differences of XXXX mellitus and oral @entity413 tolerance tests in Finland.

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the literature on the long-term health effects of exposure to @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) among @entity1 prescribed @entity4743 during pregnancy ( @entity4743 mothers), among their @entity1 exposed inutero to the drug ( @entity4743 sons and daughters) and among the progeny of these exposed sons and daughters ( @entity4743 grandchildren). DATA SOURCES: English-language articles were identified through MEDLINE and CANCERLIT searches and through review of the bibliographies of identified articles. STUDY SELECTION: All @entity1 studies relevant to long-term health effects of exposure to @entity4743 were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Descriptive data on existing @entity4743 cohorts were extracted from early publications. Risk estimates for health effects were extracted from published reports. DATA SYNTHESIS: An estimated 5 to 10 million Americans received @entity4743 during pregnancy or were exposed to the drug in utero. Exposure to @entity4743 has been associated with an increased risk for @entity0 in @entity4743 mothers (relative risk, < 2.0) and with a lifetime risk of @entity5 in @entity4743 daughters of 1/1000 to 1/10,000. The association between @entity4743 exposure and @entity5 in @entity4743 sons remains controversial. Exposure to @entity4743 has also been linked to reproductive tract abnormalities in @entity4743 sons and daughters that consist of @entity1200 and @entity458 effects. No evidence for transgenerational effects currently exists. Recommendations for screening @entity1 exposed to @entity4743 are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to define long-term health effects related to @entity4743 exposure. Such research would provide a basis for counseling @entity1 exposed to @entity4743 and would further understanding of environmental and pharmacologic compounds similar to @entity4743 .

title: XXXX revisited: a review of the long-term health effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['clear-cell cervicovaginal cancer', 'testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychosexual']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune system disorders']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['Diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: VA (Veteran's Affairs) @entity341 ( @entity341 ) are generally staffed with physicians trained in internal medicine (IM), although recently, a movement has begun toward hiring emergency medicine (EM)-trained staff. At our institution, the @entity2613 is staffed by physicians of both specialties. This study examines the frequency of unscheduled return visits to the @entity2613 in an effort to compare the quality of emergency care given by physicians trained in IM and EM. METHODS: The record of all visits to a VA hospital @entity2613 during a 90-day period were examined, and all those visits resulting in a return @entity2613 visit within the 30 subsequent days were noted. RESULTS: The charts of 2891 consecutive @entity2613 @entity1 were examined. The rate of revisits was significantly higher for the IM than for the EM-trained physicians (8.9% vs 5.5%, respectively; P < .001). The IM-trained physicians had a significantly higher rate of admissions upon revisit within 30 days than did the EM-trained physicians (3.5% vs 1.9%, respectively; P = .014). The IM-trained staff had lower initial hospitalization rates than the EM physicians (20% vs 43%, respectively; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The IM-trained physicians were less likely to hospitalize @entity1 , although this can be partially explained by the lower acuity of @entity1 during the hours that they covered. The IM-trained physicians were significantly more likely to have a @entity1 return after discharge and also more likely to have a @entity1 return in need of hospitalization. This may reflect a difference in training for the rapid diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity2613 @entity1 .

title: Staffing of the XXXX by non-emergency medicine-trained personnel: the VA experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

answer: @entity2613 :: (MESH:C536181,Disease) :: ['ED']


abstract: Surgical treatment of eventration or @entity912 of the diaphragm is symptomatic and non curative, and depends on whether the dysfunction is of peripheral or central origin. Elevation of a hemidiaphragm of peripheral origin, the most frequent situation, needs surgical treatment only in case of major functional effects (effort or positional dyspnoea, cardiac or digestive symptoms, or @entity158 ) that persists despite optimal conservative management. Selection of candidates for surgery depends on a thorough morphological and functional investigation of the neuromuscular and respiratory components. Surgical plication of the diaphragm through a lateral thoracotomy or by video-thoracoscopy is a recognized, safe and effective procedure. Its low morbidity and mortality, which are mainly associated with co-morbid factors, and its long-lasting functional benefit of around 100%, show that it is an effective procedure. In the case of @entity409 , occasional cases of bilateral plication have been reported. Some cases of diaphragmatic @entity912 of central causation result in a life of @entity734 , even though the peripheral neuromuscular and respiratory systems are intact. In selected cases, following a complete functional investigation, phrenic nerve pacing may be attempted to achieve ventilator weaning. To date, there are two validated indications for this technique: @entity1688 above C3 and @entity7633 of central cause. After thoracic implantation, a progressive reconditioning of the diaphragmatic muscle allows weaning from the ventilator in a few weeks in more than 90% of @entity1 . Their quality of life is greatly improved thanks to independence from the ventilator, more physiological respiration, restoration of smell and better speech. Whether the @entity409 is peripheral or central in origin, the success of surgical treatment depends on rigorous preoperative selection of @entity1 .

title: [Surgical treatment of diaphragmatic eventrations and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['Tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic dysfunction', 'bilateral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7633 :: ('MESH:C536281', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator dependence']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralyses']


abstract: The major hazard of postmenopausal cyclic @entity172 therapy is endometrial hyperstimulation. The incidence of @entity1373 is dose dependent; the incidence of @entity189 is both dose and duration dependent. The risk of @entity189 is small. Invasive procedures such as endometrial biopsy to detect those @entity1 with @entity1373 and @entity189 are unlikely to be cost-effective and have other disadvantages. With cyclic @entity172 , biopsies should be performed at regular intervals irrespective of the bleeding pattern. The possible alterations to cyclic treatments to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperstimulation have been reviewed; only progestogen addition has been shown to be effective. Maximal effects are obtained when @entity7828 are added for 12 to 13 days each calendar month. To reduce the risk of side effects, the minimum dose of progestogen should be prescribed, and with the @entity8097 derivatives, a small dose of @entity8098 , approximately 1 mg daily, is as effective as 5 mg daily. The smaller doses cause minimal lipid changes. Interpatient variation in response to the @entity4418 derivatives can occur, and at high doses, adverse lipid effects have been reported. With sequential @entity172 /progestogen therapies, the endometrial histology appears to correlate with the bleeding pattern, thereby, perhaps, obviating the need for biopsy. The development of regimens to induce @entity1478 and @entity2588 is suboptimal, and further research is required.

title: The effects of XXXX and progestogens on the endometrium. Modern approach to treatment.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethindrone']

entities_list: @entity8097 :: ('MESH:D009277', 'Chemical') :: ['nor-testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestogens']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: Extracellular levels of @entity1522 in the myocardial interstitium are sensitive indicators of myocyte function. Lowered @entity855 leads to a rapid extracellular appearance of @entity1522 with a high intra- to extracellular concentration ratio, such as @entity2226 and @entity2227 . @entity1568 fluxes are reflected by @entity1160 , while @entity493 , @entity2228 , @entity563 and @entity368 are markers of proteolysis. In addition, degradation of membrane phospholipids is reflected by other @entity2229 , such as @entity2230 . The time course of these changes was determined before, during and after cardioplegic @entity1167 . Two regions of the heart were monitored in 20 @entity1 by means of microdialysis sampling. After only 20 min of @entity1167 , extracellular @entity2226 , @entity2227 and @entity2230 increased transiently up to 25 times the basal level. Ten-20 min later, @entity1160 increased by 6 times. A doubling of @entity493 , @entity2228 , @entity563 and @entity368 levels took place 30 min after release of the aortic cross-clamp. After 2 h, all were at levels similar to those recorded 15-30 h later. Levels of @entity2226 and @entity2227 in the anterior wall of the heart correlated significantly with those of its lateral wall. The response to surgery and @entity1167 was studied in a group of @entity1 with @entity741 as well as in another group of @entity1 , who underwent heart surgery for nonischemic reasons. The response of @entity2226 and @entity1160 was significantly higher for the @entity1 with @entity741 , in spite of a shorter mean time of @entity1167 . No sex differences were recorded. High levels of @entity1522 coincided frequently with clinical events, which were suggestive of @entity63 , but were also recorded in a few @entity1 without diagnosed events. We conclude that monitoring of extracellular @entity1522 is valuable for evaluation and development of cardioprotective strategies.

title: Extracellular @entity1522 as markers of XXXX during cardioplegic @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2229 :: ('CHEBI:32877', 'Chemical') :: ['primary amines']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2230 :: ('MESH:C005448', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['heart arrest']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most pediatric @entity9504 are mild and indistinguishable from other viral causes. However, in a few @entity1 , the disease can be severe and result in substantial morbidity. We describe the epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic features and outcome of @entity9504 ( @entity1729 ) in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal @entity1 in Manitoba, Canada during the years 1991 and 2005. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 193 @entity1 who presented to the department of pediatrics at Winnipeg @entity1 's Hospital, Manitoba, Canada with @entity1729 and had a positive respiratory culture for adenovirus. @entity1 ' demographics, clinical and radiologic features and outcomes were collected. @entity9504 serotype distributions and temporal associations were described. Approximate incidence comparisons (detection rates) of @entity9504 among Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal @entity1 were estimated with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: @entity9504 occurred throughout the year with clusters in the fall and winter. Serotypes 1 to 3 were the predominant isolates (two thirds of the cases). The @entity281 was more frequent among Canadian Aboriginals, as illustrated in 2004, where its incidence in @entity1 0-4 years old was 5.6 fold higher in Aboriginals (13.51 vs. 2.39 per 10,000, p < 0.000). There were no significant differences in length of hospitalization and use of ventilator assistance between the two groups (p > 0.185 and p > 0.624, respectively) nor across serotypes (p > 0.10 and p > 0.05, respectively). The disease primarily affected @entity1 (median age, 9.5 months). Most @entity1 presented with @entity5924 or @entity55 , with multi-lobar consolidations on the chest x-ray. Chronic (residual) changes were documented in 16 @entity1 , with eight @entity1 showing @entity4595 on the chest computerized tomography scan. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9504 is associated with significant respiratory morbidities, especially in young @entity1 . The @entity281 appears to be more frequent in Aboriginal @entity1 . These results justify a careful follow-up for @entity1 with @entity9504 .

title: Epidemiology of severe pediatric XXXX in Manitoba, Canada, 1991-2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus LRTI', 'adenovirus lower respiratory tract infections', 'Adenovirus infections', 'Adenovirus infection', 'Adenovirus', 'adenovirus respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity9504 :: (MESH:D000257,Disease) :: ['adenovirus lower respiratory tract infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the impact of maternal @entity28 on success of a trial of labor (vaginal birth after cesarean section [VBAC]) after a single low transverse cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN: Individual charts of @entity1 with low transverse cesarean delivery in their first viable pregnancy who underwent a VBAC in their second viable pregnancy at our urban tertiary care institution were reviewed. Maternal body mass index (BMI) was classified as underweight (<19.8 kg/m2), normal (19.8-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), or @entity28 (> or =30 kg/m2). Clinical characteristics and labor outcomes were assessed. Factors potentially affecting VBAC success were analyzed by univariate analysis. Logistic regressions were performed to determine the impact of maternal pregravid BMI on VBAC success after controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS: Of 510 @entity1 attempting a trial of labor, 337 (66%) were successful and 173 (34%) failed VBAC. Decreased VBAC success was seen in @entity28 (54.6%) but not overweight (65.5%) @entity1 compared with @entity1 of normal BMI (70.5%), P = .003 and .36, respectively. Underweight @entity1 had more VBAC success than @entity1 of normal BMI (84.7% vs 70.5%, P = .04). Controlling for other factors, the association between increasing pregravid BMI and BMI > or =30 kg/m 2 with decreased VBAC success persisted, P = .03 and .006, respectively. Normal BMI @entity1 who became overweight before the second pregnancy had decreased VBAC success compared with those whose BMI remained normal (56.6% vs 74.2%, P = .006). However, overweight @entity1 who decreased their BMI to normal before the second pregnancy did not significantly improve VBAC success (64.0% vs 58.4%, P = .67). CONCLUSION: Increasing pregravid BMI and @entity1017 between pregnancies reduce VBAC success after a single low transverse cesarean delivery.

title: The impact of maternal @entity28 and XXXX on vaginal birth after cesarean section success.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine the effects of mailing regular personalized follow-up(FU) reports on metabolic control and hospitalization in @entity1 managed by the Joint Asia @entity6 Evaluation(JADE) Program. METHODS: In 2013, 1200 Chinese @entity1 with @entity6 (95.8% type 2 @entity6 , mean age:58.3        12.6 years, disease duration:10.1        8.2 years, HbA1c: 7.4        1.4%, 35% insulin-treated) underwent comprehensive assessment(CA) with usual clinic FU visits. 600 @entity1 were randomized to receive 2 FU reports(R+) by mail and 600 without(R-). The FU reports showed trends of HbA1c, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and body weight with recommended targets and reminders on self-care triggered by attained targets. The primary outcome was change in @entity4051 c and frequency of hospitalization at month 12. RESULTS: Both groups had similar baseline @entity4051 c(R+:7.3        1.45% versus R-:7.4        1.31%, p   =   0.362). After 575(519-646) [median (IQR)] days, HbA1c fell by -0.2% (95% CI [-0.27,-0.13], p   <   0.001) in the whole cohort, with greater reduction in the R+ (-0.24[-0.35,-0.14]%) than the R- group (-0.15[-0.24, -0.06]%, p   =   0.03). Linear regression confirmed independent effect of FU reports on reducing HbA1c (b coefficient: -0.23[-0.39,-0.07], p   =   0.004). Fewer @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in the R+ group (42.3% versus 69.2%, p   =   0.047) had hospitalizations with lower frequency (relative risk [95%CI], 0.50[0.28,0.91], p   =   0.021) and shorter length of stay (0.49[0.23,0.94], p   =   0.023) than the R- group, after adjustment for confounders including age, gender, @entity6 duration, glycemic control, BMI, self-care behaviors, and complications with log-transformed follow up time as offset value. CONCLUSIONS: Regular personalized feedback reports improved glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity6 and reduced hospitalization in those with @entity740 .

title: Regular mailing of personalized feedback reports improved glycemic control in XXXX - a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The @entity3969 gene ( @entity8587 ) is expressed in the developing fetal kidney, gonads and in @entity3969 . Recently, the expression of @entity8587 in @entity1778 -derived cell lines and cases of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) was reported. The present study was designed to investigate the potential of @entity8587 as genetic marker for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Blast cells from 52 @entity1 with @entity3052 , 14 @entity1 in complete remission (CR) and four leukemic cell lines were examined for expression of @entity8587 mRNA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) and bone marrow (BM) from 13 healthy @entity1 were used as negative controls. RNA of the @entity8587 gene was expressed in 41/52 (79%) @entity1 with previously untreated @entity3052 . The majority of the 14 @entity1 studied in CR lost @entity8587 expression. In three out of the four @entity1 in CR reappearance of @entity8587 expression preceded relapse of the disease. In three of the four tested cell lines @entity8587 specific transcription was demonstrated. No correlation to @entity1334 classification, immunophenotype or response to treatment was found. Our experiments indicate @entity8587 expression in the majority of @entity3052 , but not in bone marrow or PBMNC of healthy controls. Therefore, @entity8587 expression may be associated with the presence of malignant blast cells and the analysis of @entity8587 gene expression via PCR may be a sensitive method for the detection of leukemic blast cells.

title: The expression of the XXXX gene in @entity3052 as a possible marker for leukemic blast cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias', 'AL', 'acute myelocytic leukemias', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor", "Wilms' tumors"]

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of small intestinal serosal defects remains controversial. Non-closure of such defects is regarded as a risk factor of @entity292 formation or intestinal leakage, whereas defect closure with absorbable suture material is potentially associated with adhesion formation. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the influence of small intestinal serosal defect closure on peritoneal wound healing, leakage rate, and adhesion formation in a @entity95 model. METHODS: Twenty-two male @entity95 were randomized into two groups. Following median laparotomy, a standardized small intestinal serosal defect with a diameter of 1 cm was performed. Either the defect was closed by two seromuscular 4/0 polyglactin single sutures (n = 11) or the defect was left open (n = 11). On postoperative day 14, all animals were sacrificed for morphological investigations. Complications and the rate of intestinal leakage were measured. The degree of adhesion formation was measured by computer-assisted planimetry. RESULTS: No animal developed @entity292 formation or intestinal leakage. Eight (73%) animals of the closure group developed @entity298 with a mean size of 39.7    45 mm(2). No animal in the non-closure group revealed @entity298 at the defect. However, two (18%) animals in the non-closure group developed peritoneal adhesions distant to the defect with a mean size of 3.5    9 mm(2). Comparing both groups, the size of peritoneal adhesions was significantly higher in the closure group (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Closure of isolated @entity130 with resorbable suture material was associated with an adhesion formation in distressing certainty, whereas no leakage or @entity292 formation could be observed at all. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of serosal defect closure in particular on leakage rate and @entity292 formation, e.g., with pre-existing adhesions, in case of @entity1230 or with a pre-existing @entity298 .

title: Influence of small intestinal serosal defect closure on leakage rate and adhesion formation: a pilot study using XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple serosal injuries']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['local peritoneal adhesions', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['serosal injuries']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: At a site with discontinuous permafrost in Fairbanks, Alaska, releases of @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ), an industrial solvent, have caused contamination of the groundwater. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the migration pathway of the @entity4966 groundwater plume and the distribution of the discontinuous permafrost at the site. The @entity4966 plume configuration is substantially different than what regional hydrology trends would predict. Using GIS, we conducted a geostatistical analysis of field data collected during soil-boring installations and groundwater monitoring well sampling. With the analysis results, we constructed maps of the permafrost-table elevation (top of permafrost) and of the groundwater gradients and @entity4966 concentrations from multiyear groundwater sampling events. The plume concentrations and groundwater gradients were overlain on the permafrost map to correlate permafrost locations with groundwater movement and the spatial distribution of @entity4966 moving with groundwater. Correlation of the overlay maps revealed converging and diverging groundwater flow in response to the permafrost-table distribution, the absence of groundwater contamination in areas with a high permafrost-table elevation, and channeling of contaminants and water between areas of permafrost. In addition, we measured groundwater elevations in nested wells to quantify vertical gradients affecting @entity4966 migration. At one set of nested wells down gradient from an area of permafrost we measured an upward vertical gradient indicating recharge of groundwater from the subpermafrost region of the aquifer causing dilution of the plume. The study indicates that the variable distribution of the permafrost is affecting the way groundwater and @entity4966 move through the aquifer. Consequently, changes to the permafrost configuration due to thawing would likely affect both groundwater movement and @entity4966 migration, and areas that were contaminant-free may become susceptible to contamination.

title: Movement of XXXX in a discontinuous permafrost zone.

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethene']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethene']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the present study is to investigate the pre-operative factors that affect short-term survival after @entity788 resection and to evaluate their prognostic value. METHODOLOGY: Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity1124 operated on in the Second Department of Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital between 1989 and 1996 were reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity1 had a mean age of 62.6 years. The difference of survival between @entity1 aged 62 years or younger and older @entity1 was significant (p=0.0053). Primary @entity5 size was evaluated with enhanced CT examination; 36 @entity1 had @entity5 larger than 3 cm in diameter. The 1-year survival rate of @entity1 with @entity5 3 cm or less in diameter was significantly better than that of @entity1 with @entity5 greater than 3 cm in diameter (p=0.0258). Analysis of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) showed a significant difference in 1-year survival rates between @entity1 with a pre-operative value below twice the diagnostic cutoff level (cutoff index; C.I.) and @entity1 with a value above this level (p=0.0006). The 1-year survival rate for the subset of younger @entity1 (= or < 62 years) with smaller @entity5 (3 cm or less) and a lower pre-operative serum @entity787 level (= or < two times of C.I.), was 72.7% (n=11). Multivariate analysis indicated that age and the pre-operative serum @entity787 level were both independent prognostic factors of 1-year survival (p=0.0077, and 0.003, respectively), although the statistical significance of @entity5 size was weak (p=0.107). CONCLUSIONS: It was suggested that age and serum @entity787 level were independent prognostic factors of short-term survival after @entity788 resection.

title: Pre-operative predictors of short-term survival after XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that the presentation of a quantitative pretest probability of @entity1187 would safely reduce unnecessary resource use in low-risk @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity662 @entity1 . METHODS: Randomized controlled trial of adult @entity1 with @entity662 paired with their clinicians. @entity1 had neither obvious evidence of @entity1187 nor obvious other reason for admission. Clinicans provided their unstructured point estimate for pretest probability before randomization. Clinicans and @entity1 in the intervention group received a printout of pretest probability of @entity1187 result displayed numerically and graphically. Controls received no printout. @entity1 were followed for 45 days for predefined criteria of @entity1187 and efficacy endpoints. Endpoints were compared between groups, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for differences. RESULTS: Four hundred were enrolled, and 31 were excluded for @entity2072 use or elopement from care. The mean pretest probability estimates of @entity1187 were 4 (SD 5%) from clinicians and 4 (SD 6%) from the computer. Safety and efficacy endpoints for controls (n=185) versus intervention @entity1 (n=184) were as follows: (1) delayed or missed diagnosis of @entity1187 : 1 of 185 versus 0 of 184 (95% CI for difference -2.8% to 15.0%); (2) hospital admission with no significant cardiovascular diagnosis, 11% versus 5% (-0.2% to 11%); (3) thoracic imaging imparting greater than 5 @entity2073 radiation with a negative result, 20% versus 9% (95% CI for difference = 3.8% to 18.0%); (4) median length of stay, 11.4 hours versus 9.2 hours (95% CI for difference = -2.9 to 7.6 hours); (5) reported feeling "very satisfied" with clinician explanation of problem on follow-up survey, 38% versus 49% (95% CI for difference = 0.9% to 21.0%); (6) readmitted within 7 days, 11% versus 4% (95% CI for difference = 2.5% to 13.2%). CONCLUSION: Presentation of a quantitative estimate of the pretest probability of @entity1187 to clinicians and low-risk @entity341 @entity662 @entity1 was associated with reduced resource use, without evidence of increased rate of premature discharge of @entity1 with @entity1187 .

title: Randomized trial of computerized quantitative pretest probability in low-risk @entity662 XXXX : effect on safety and resource use.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity428 ( @entity428 ) is known to complicate both traumatic and non-traumatic @entity75 . It impairs cerebral perfusion and may cause @entity204 due to global ischaemia and @entity932 . Osmotic agents are widely used to control @entity428 . In @entity1 , guidelines for their use are mainly guided by adult studies. We conducted this review to determine the current evidence of the effectiveness of osmotic agents and their effect on resolution of @entity772 and outcome in @entity1 with acute @entity75 . METHODS: We searched several databases for published and unpublished studies in English and French languages, between January 1966 and March 2009. We considered studies on the use of osmotic agents in @entity1 aged between 0 and 16 years with acute @entity75 . We examined reduction in @entity428 , time to resolution of @entity772 , and occurrence of @entity16 and @entity204 . RESULTS: We identified four randomized controlled trials, three prospective studies, two retrospective studies and one case report. @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ) achieved greater reduction in @entity428 ( @entity428 ) compared to @entity2656 and other fluids; normal saline or ringer's @entity880 . This effect was sustained for longer when it was given as continuous infusion. Boluses of @entity653 and @entity2656 achieved transient @entity551 . Oral @entity653 was associated with lower mortality and @entity16 when compared to placebo in @entity1 with acute @entity4008 . @entity4372 was associated with lower mortality when compared to @entity2656 in @entity1 with non-traumatic @entity75 . CONCLUSION: @entity4372 appears to achieve a greater @entity551 than other osmotic agents. Oral @entity653 seems to improve outcome among @entity1 with acute @entity4008 . A sustained @entity551 is desirable and could be achieved by modifying the modes and rates of administration of these osmotic agents, but these factors need further investigation.

title: The role for osmotic agents in XXXX with acute @entity75 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial herniation']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure', 'Raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in ICP']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonic saline', 'HS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']