abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of @entity176 (SR) in @entity625 models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity35 received 1 mg zymosan (Zy) or saline intra-articularly. Other groups were subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transection in the right knee, as an @entity571 ( @entity571 ) model, or a sham procedure. Joint @entity158 was assessed using the articular incapacitation and paw-pressure tests. Cell influx and cytokines were measured in joint exudates. TREATMENT: Groups received either SR (30-300 mg/kg per os) or saline. RESULTS: SR dose-dependently and significantly inhibited @entity158 in both Zy and @entity571 models, while not altering cell influx. @entity1510 administration significantly reversed SR @entity1337 . SR significantly reduced levels of @entity3426 and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a in @entity625 , whereas those of @entity4646 were not altered. CONCLUSIONS: SR provides @entity1337 in @entity625 that is associated to inhibition of the release of inflammatory cytokines into inflamed joints. This effect is abrogated by administration of the opioid antagonist @entity1510 .

title: XXXX @entity1337 in @entity625 models is associated to decreased cytokine release and opioid-dependent mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Zy arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity176 :: ('MESH:C081587', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium ranelate']

entities_list: @entity4646 :: ('81503(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1']

answer: @entity176 :: (MESH:C081587,Chemical) :: ['Strontium ranelate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity60441 has long been thought to be cell-surface molecule in certain immune cells and negatively regulates immune response. Recently, overexpression of @entity60441 has been observed in a few @entity5 with unknown function. Here, we showed manipulation of @entity60441 affected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro analyses. In vivo, @entity60441 promoted the @entity5 growth and @entity3 . Furthermore, the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases ( @entity1366 ) was enhanced in @entity60441 overexpressing @entity1149 cells. @entity1366 specific inhibitor @entity5732 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of those cells. Stepwise investigations demonstrated that @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) was the downstream effector of @entity60441 and @entity1366 . Silence of @entity9961 attenuated the migration and invasion activity of @entity60441 overexpressing cells. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity60441 positive expression had a poor @entity1 survival. @entity60441 and @entity9961 expression had notable positive correlation in @entity5 cells, and their co-expression was significantly associated with adverse prognostic factors. Our findings suggest that @entity60441 drives @entity1149 development in part on activation of ERK signaling which in turn upregulates @entity9961 . @entity60441 could be a novel @entity5 therapeutic target for @entity1149 .

title: Immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 promotes @entity5 progression and @entity3 and up-regulates XXXX expression via ERK signaling pathway in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-C', 'vascular endothelial growth factor C']

entities_list: @entity60441 :: ('10288', 'Gene') :: ['ILT4', 'Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) 4']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity9961 :: (7424,Gene) :: ['VEGF-C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity752 SR has been shown to be effective for the treatment of @entity1239 @entity734 in adults. This open-label pilot study was designed to examine the feasibility and preliminary tolerability of @entity752 SR in adolescents with @entity1239 @entity734 . METHOD: Sixteen adolescents aged 12 to 19 years were enrolled in the study. Eleven of the 16 @entity1 also had comorbid @entity71 ( @entity71 ). @entity1 were titrated over 1 week to @entity752 SR 150 mg b.i.d. and maintained at this dosage for 6 weeks. @entity1 also received two brief smoking cessation counseling sessions. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 received at least 4 weeks of medication. There was a significant decrease in the average number of cigarettes smoked (p <.00) and @entity1223 levels (p =.04) over the course of treatment. Intent-to-treat analysis showed that 31.25% of the adolescents were completely abstinent (5/16) after 4 weeks of taking @entity752 SR. @entity1 ' weight did not change significantly during the study (p =.55). There was a no significant change in @entity71 symptoms during the study (p =.1). CONCLUSIONS: @entity752 SR along with brief counseling may be safe and potentially efficacious for adolescents with @entity1239 @entity734 with and without @entity71 . Smoking cessation trials in adolescents need to focus on strategies to increase retention for optimal effect.

title: XXXX SR in adolescents with comorbid @entity71 and @entity1239 @entity734 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['Bupropion', 'bupropion']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity752 :: (MESH:D016642,Chemical) :: ['Bupropion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Coagulation Factor XII (FXII) plays a critical role in @entity715 . What is unclear is the level of enzyme occupancy of FXIIa that is needed for efficacy and the impact of FXIIa inhibition on @entity999 . A selective activated FXII (FXIIa) inhibitor, recombinant human albumin-tagged mutant Infestin-4 (rHA-Mut-inf), was generated to address these questions. rHA-Mut-inf displayed potency comparable to the original wild-type HA-Infestin-4 (human FXIIa inhibition constant = 0.07 and 0.12 nM, respectively), with markedly improved selectivity against Factor Xa (FXa) and plasmin. rHA-Mut-inf binds FXIIa, but not FXII zymogen, and competitively inhibits FXIIa protease activity. Its mode of action is hence akin to typical small-molecule inhibitors. Plasma shift and aPTT studies with rHA-Mut-inf demonstrated that calculated enzyme occupancy for FXIIa in achieving a putative aPTT doubling target in human, nonhuman primate, and rabbit is more than 99.0%. The effects of rHA-Mut-inf in carotid arterial @entity715 and @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) in middle cerebral artery were assessed simultaneously in rabbits. Dose-dependent inhibition was observed for both arterial @entity715 and @entity7303 . The ED50 of @entity715 formation was 0.17 mg/kg i.v. rHA-Mut-inf for the integrated blood flow and 0.16 mg/kg for @entity715 weight; the ED50 for @entity7303 was 0.06 mg/kg. Ex vivo aPTT tracked with efficacy. In summary, our findings demonstrated that very high enzyme occupancy will be required for FXIIa active site inhibitors, highlighting the high potency and exquisite selectivity necessary for achieving efficacy in humans. Our @entity7303 studies suggest that targeting FXIIa may offer a promising strategy for @entity64 prevention associated with @entity1031 events.

title: Factor XIIa as a Novel Target for XXXX : Target Engagement Requirement and Efficacy in a Rabbit Model of Microembolic Signals.

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['microembolic signal', 'MES']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of combined @entity2600 and @entity1206 in previously treated @entity1 with stage IIIB and @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity1149 (7 stage IIIB and 26 stage IV) were enrolled. All had been previously treated with @entity900 , @entity1311 , and @entity136 as first-line chemotherapy. In addition, 24 @entity1 had received radiotherapy. @entity2600 (300 mg/m(2)) was administered on day 1 and @entity1206 (30 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 14, every 4 weeks. Partial response was achieved in 3 @entity1 (9%; 95% CI: 2-24%), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in 13 (39%; 95% CI: 23-58%), whereas 17 @entity1 progressed (51%; 95% CI: 33-69%). Median event-free survival was 10 weeks and median overall survival was 25 weeks. Three @entity1 were event free at the end of the study with a follow-up of 40, 73, and 75 weeks. @entity137 was mild, with @entity1431 grade III-IV in 8.6% of cycles. No episodes of @entity294 were observed. Three @entity1 died early after administration of this combination, one of them in the context of severe @entity1431 and @entity882 . Approximately 50% of @entity1 treated with @entity2600 and @entity1206 in combination show partial response or @entity66 with minimal @entity137 .

title: Second-line chemotherapy with XXXX and @entity1206 in stage IIIB and @entity1149 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan', 'CPT-11']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea III-IV']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'IV non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4242 with or without @entity989 , @entity4269 or @entity717 (MCLID) is an @entity74 . Mutations in @entity13501 have been found to be causative in approximately 75% of cases. This study describes the ocular phenotype in @entity1 with confirmed @entity13501 mutations. METHODS: Standard ophthalmic examination and investigation including visual acuity, refraction and fundus examination was carried out in all @entity1 . Fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF) was performed in three @entity1 , and four @entity1 underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Flash electroretinography (ERG) was performed in seven @entity1 , and five underwent additional pattern electroretinography (PERG). RESULTS: The @entity1 ranged in age from 2 to 10  years. Most presented with visual acuity loss. Fundus examination revealed lacunae of @entity5066 . Pigmentary macular changes and optic disc pallor were present in three of seven @entity1 . Fundus autofluorescence demonstrated hypoautofluorescence at the macula in two of three @entity1 . The lacunae of @entity5066 were hypoautofluorescent. The OCT showed @entity3202 in three of four @entity1 . Follow-up in one @entity1 showed no deterioration of the vision over a 9-year period. The lesions appear not to be progressive on the follow-up imaging. Electrophysiology showed generalized rod and cone dysfunction and severe @entity409 . Inner @entity989 was evident in three of seven @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity13501 mutations show a specific ocular phenotype with variable expressivity and intrafamilial variability. @entity194 and dysfunction have not been consistently documented before. The fundus lesions appear non-progressive. The findings assist in providing an accurate diagnosis and thus improving the management and follow-up of @entity1 with this syndrome.

title: Ocular manifestations of @entity4242 with or without @entity989 , @entity4269 or XXXX (MCLID) syndrome associated with mutations in @entity13501 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['macular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['Microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic maculae']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Macular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant condition']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dysfunction', 'chorioretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: Abstract Background: Mitral valve (MV) surgery for @entity384 ( @entity384 ) was proposed at the beginning of the 1990s, and its effectiveness has been confirmed by many studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term survival and the functional results of our experience with MV surgery for @entity384 . Methods: From January 1990 to October 2002, MV surgery for @entity384 was performed in 91 @entity1 (64 @entity63 , 27 idiopathic). @entity384 was defined as in our previous reports. @entity1 with @entity339 , severe right ventricle dilatation with impaired function, or severe @entity177 were excluded from the study. MV annuloplasty was performed in 64 @entity1 , and 27 @entity1 underwent a MV replacement. Results: The 30-day mortality rate was 4.4% (4 @entity1 ). The probability of being alive at 5 years was 78.4% +/- 4.3% and was higher in @entity1 who underwent MV repair (81.4% +/- 4.5%) than in @entity1 who underwent replacement operation (66.7% +/- 9.1%), even if the P value was not statistically significant. After a mean follow-up period of 27 +/- 30 months, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class decreased from 3.5 +/- 0.7 to 2.1 +/- 0.6 in the 69 survivors ( P <.001). The probability of being alive 5 years after surgery with an improvement of least 1 NYHA class was 65.9% +/- 5.0% and was higher in @entity1 with MV repair (76.6% +/- 6.0%) than in @entity1 who underwent valve replacement (51.9% +/- 9.6%), even if the P value was not statistically significant. Fifty @entity1 were carefully followed with serial evaluations in our echocardiographic laboratory. Volumes did not change, nor did @entity64 volume or ejection fraction. Some @entity339 (FMR) was present in all but 8 of the @entity1 who underwent repair. The analysis of these @entity1 showed that all of the @entity1 who had no residual MR had a mitral @entity340 (MVCD) of 10 mm or less and had a better functional result. Conversely, the MVCD was shorter in @entity1 who had no or mild (1/4) residual MR than in @entity1 who had a residual MR >1/4. NYHA class was lower in @entity1 with no or up to 1/4 residual MR, showing that the purpose of the procedure is the reduction or elimination of FMR, which is the determinant of the clinical result. Conclusions: Long-term results in our @entity1 are satisfying. FMR can be crucial for achieving a higher effectiveness of a combined strategy to improve the global outcome of these @entity1 .

title: Surgical Treatment of XXXX in @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['degree of functional mitral regurgitation', 'organic MV disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal or hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve coaptation depth']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Mitral Valve Regurgitation']


abstract: An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of @entity64689 , @entity64690 and @entity64691 in plasma and urine. The sample was acidified with aqueous solution containing 2% (v/v if not specified) @entity5189 , and then cleaned-up by solid-phase extraction with a mixed-mode cation exchange (MCX) cartridge. The analysis of the glycoalkaloids was carried out on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 microm) with gradient elution of @entity1626 (containing 0.1% @entity5189 ) and @entity2507 (containing 0.05% @entity5189 and 5.0 mmol/L @entity6190 ). The analytes were detected by positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in MRM mode, and quantified by external matrix-matched standard calibration. The cycle time of each analysis was 5.5 min. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.3-100 ng/mL of the glycoalkaloids in plasma and urine. The correlation coefficients were 0.997-0.999. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantitation (S/N = 10) were 0.1 ng/mL and 0.3 ng/mL. The average recoveries were 82%-112% and 96%-114% for the glycoalkaloids spiked in plasma and urine, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 4.0%-16% and 2.7%-17% (n = 6). The method is simple, accurate and sensitive to detect the glycoalkaloids in plasma and urine for both clinical and forensic purposes.

title: [Determination of @entity64689 , @entity64690 and XXXX in plasma and urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry].

entities_list: @entity64691 :: ('MESH:C013255', 'Chemical') :: ['solanidine']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity64690 :: ('MESH:C011860', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chaconine']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity64689 :: ('MESH:C514919', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-solanine']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity64691 :: (MESH:C013255,Chemical) :: ['solanidine']


abstract: Purpose: The current studies investigate if the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), can limit @entity5995 ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in an ocular @entity101 @entity35 model Methods: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated unilaterally in Brown @entity35 by hypertonic saline injection. @entity35 received either vehicle or @entity2052 (100 mg/kg) treatment for 28 days. RGC function and number was assessed by pattern electroretinogram (pERG) and retrograde FluoroGold-labeling. Western blotting and a fluorescence assay were used for determination of histone-H3 acetylation and HDAC activity, respectively, at 3-days, 1-week, and 2-week time points. Results: Hypertonic saline injections increased IOPs by 7-14 mmHg. In vehicle-treated animals, @entity2790 resulted in a 29.1% and 39.4% decrease in pERG amplitudes at 2- and 4-weeks, respectively, and a 42.9% decrease in mean RGC density at 4-weeks. In comparison, @entity2052 -treatment yielded significant amplitude preservation at 2- and 4-weeks, and showed significant RGC density preservation at 4-weeks. No significant difference in RGC densities or IOPs was measured between control eyes of vehicle- and @entity2052 -treated @entity35 . In @entity2790 , Class-I HDAC activity was significantly elevated within 1-week (13.3    2.2%) and histone-H3 acetylation was significantly reduced within 2-weeks following the induction of @entity2790 . Conclusions: Increase in HDAC activity is a relatively early retinal event induced by elevated IOP and suppressing HDAC activity can protected RGCs from ocular- @entity101 stress. Together these data provide a basis for developing HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of @entity1781 .

title: Acetylation Preserves Retinal Ganglion Cell Structure and Function in a Chronic Model of Ocular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular-hypertensive eyes', 'ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Norway rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inguinal herniorrhaphy is commonly performed as an outpatient procedure. Spinal anesthesia offers some advantages over general anesthesia in this setting. METHODS: Forty @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups according to a double-blind protocol: Group L had spinal anesthesia with @entity1341 6.0 mg and Group H with @entity1341 7.5 mg; in both groups, @entity3575 25 micro g was added to the spinal anesthetic. The sensory block was measured by 'pin-prick' and the motor block was evaluated by a modified Bromage scale. RESULTS: No differences were seen in the spread, duration and regression of sensory block between the groups on the operated side. A greater number of @entity1 required analgesics during the operation in Group L (6) compared with Group H (1) (P<0.05). The return of the modified Bromage scale to grade 0 was earlier in Group L than in Group H (P<0.05) but the time to mobilization and discharge was similar. Seven @entity1 (17%) needed to be catheterized and two had the catheter retained overnight. Times to home discharge (median) were 350 and 445 min, respectively, in Groups L and H. Postoperatively and during the first week, visual analog @entity158 scores, analgesic requirements and side-effects were similar between the groups. In Group H, 95% of the @entity1 and in Group L 85% would have the same anesthetic again if operated upon for a similar procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal anesthesia with @entity1341 7.5 mg and @entity3575 offers an alternative to general or local anesthesia for ambulatory inguinal herniorrhaphy. However, the long discharge times and risk for urinary retention restrict its routine use in all @entity1 .

title: Low-dose @entity1341 plus @entity3575 for spinal anesthesia during ambulatory inguinal herniorrhaphy: a comparison between 6 mg and 7. 5 mg of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: @entity2348 and @entity55 are common complications of @entity651 and predispose the host to a poor resolution. We studied the functional integrity of pulmonary macrophages derived from minced lung preparations in a @entity235 model of endotoxin-induced shock with @entity647 . @entity235 given 2 mg/kg of @entity526 endotoxin 055:B5 developed @entity1109 with concomitant @entity647 ; control animals given saline showed no physiological or pathological abnormalities. Compared to previous work with this @entity235 model, the @entity651 in this extended time period (6 h) had progressed to include @entity4 . Six hours after endotoxin infusion, the left lung was lavaged, perfused, and the resulting lung minced for isolation of pulmonary macrophages. The endotoxic-model pulmonary macrophages showed several significant functional differences from controls. Although they elicited greater production of @entity5568 (p less than 0.05), both phagocytosis of radiolabeled @entity794 and @entity526 (p less than 0.05) and bactericidal activity (p less than 0.05) were diminished compared to controls. Compared to alterations previously described in alveolar macrophages, these cells produced less @entity5568 and demonstrated abnormal bacterial killing at all time points. These observations suggest that the functional alterations of pulmonary macrophages that follow @entity647 contribute to the ineffective cell-mediated antimicrobial response. These derangements may promote an increased risk of @entity55 , the high mortality often observed subsequent to @entity55 , or the propagation of @entity647 that facilitates @entity1576 .

title: Pulmonary macrophage antimicrobial activity in @entity235 endotoxin shock and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar edema']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['classic shock symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial sepsis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: The surface area of stored @entity412 and the volume of capillaries in the interscapular brown fat pad of the @entity35 have been adopted as morphological indices of the overall thermogenic capability of the tissue. The present study examines the relationship between the chronological profiles of these parameters and reported senile changes in the biochemical and physiological characteristics of brown adipose tissue. Lipid droplet surface density and vascular volume density were estimated by computer-assisted planimetry with electron micrographs prepared from interscapular brown adipose tissue samples obtained from @entity35 of various ages. The volumes of the fat pad at these ages were also determined and used to calculate droplet surface areas and vascular volumes. @entity412 surface area showed a 20-fold enhancement in the early postnatal period (0.44 X 10(2) cm2 at birth; 9.43 X 10(2) cm2 at 4 weeks). A further but less remarkable increase occurred in adulthood (11.67 X 10(2) cm2 at 6 months) and, in old age, only a slight fall was noted (9.66 X 10(2) cm2 at 2 years). Intralobular capillary volume also rose sharply early during the first week after birth, reaching a peak at 4 weeks (2.40 X 10(-2) @entity11285 ). The values recorded in adulthood and old age (1.90 X 10(-2) @entity11285 at 6 months; 1.76 X 10(-2) @entity11285 at 2 years) were not significantly different from that obtained at 4 weeks of age. These results show that the attainment of maximum values of lipid droplet surface area and vascular volume in @entity35 interscapular brown adipose tissue coincides with the period of the tissue's peak metabolic capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Stereological assessment of age-related changes in lipid droplet surface area and vascular volume in XXXX interscapular brown adipose tissue.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride', 'triglyceride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Previous studies have documented changes in expression of the @entity9829 gene (IEG) @entity9830 and @entity9830 protein in the brain between sleep and wakefulness. Such expression differences implicate changes in transcriptional regulation across behavioral states and suggest that other transcription factors may also be affected. In the current study, we examined the expression of seven @entity9830 /jun family member mRNAs ( @entity9830 , @entity27618 , @entity47461 , @entity56012 , @entity27619 , @entity9829 , and @entity42598 ) and three other IEG mRNAs ( @entity14745 , @entity13428 , and @entity39769 ) in @entity19 brain following short-term (6 h) @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) and 4 h @entity25 ( @entity25 ) after @entity1949 . Gene expression was quantified in seven brain regions by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Multivariate analysis of variance revealed statistically significant variation in cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, thalamus and cerebellum. Levels of @entity9830 and @entity27618 mRNA were elevated during @entity1949 in all four of these brain regions. In the cerebral cortex, @entity27619 mRNA was also elevated during @entity1949 whereas, in the basal forebrain, @entity47461 and @entity56012 mRNA levels increased in this condition. During @entity25 , the only IEG mRNA to undergo significant increase was @entity56012 in the cortex. @entity9829 and @entity42598 mRNAs were invariant across experimental conditions. These results indicate that the expression of @entity9830 /jun family members is diverse during @entity1949 . Among other IEGs, @entity39769 mRNA expression across conditions was similar to @entity9830 and @entity27618 , @entity14745 mRNA was elevated during @entity1949 in the cortex and basal forebrain, and @entity13428 mRNA was elevated in the cortex during both @entity1949 and @entity25 . The similarity of @entity27618 and @entity39769 expression to @entity9830 expression indicates that these genes might also be useful markers of functional activity. Along with our previous results, the increased levels of @entity56012 and @entity13428 mRNAs during @entity25 reported here suggest that increased mRNA expression during sleep is rare and may be anatomically restricted.

title: Region-specific changes in @entity9829 gene expression in response to @entity1949 and @entity25 in the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['recovery sleep', 'RS']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity548 after thyroid surgery is rare, but if it occurs it is a life-threatening condition necessitating emergency surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence and risk factors of @entity548 after thyroid surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken in a group of 8931 consecutive @entity1 with various @entity1374 treated in 2004-2013 at our institution. Potential risk factors for @entity86 after thyroid surgery were analysed using logistic regression model. RESULTS: @entity548 after thyroid operation necessitating emergency surgery occurred in 40 (0.45%) of 8931 @entity1 . None of the @entity1 died within the perioperative period. Bleeding occurred within first 24 hours following surgery in 38 (95%) @entity1 , and in the remaining 2 (5%) @entity1 in more than 24 hours after initial surgery. The following risk factors for @entity548 after thyroid operation were identified: male sex (OR 3.618; 1.762-7.430; p < 0.001), older age > or = 70 years (OR 3.052; 1.275-7.304; p = 0.012), surgery for @entity1378 (OR 2.873; 1.511-5.462; p = 0.001), smoking (OR 2.855; 1.502-5.428; p = 0.001), subtotal thyroidectomy in contrast to total thyroidectomy or lobectomy (OR 2.853; 1.356-6.004; p=0.006), and thyroid operation undertaken by resident in training in general surgery (OR 2.596; 1.393-4.837; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: @entity548 after thyroid operation necessitating emergency surgical intervention occurs most frequently within first 24 hour following surgery. Hence, for safety reasons a minimum of 24-hour hospital stay is recommended in all @entity1 with risk factors for @entity86 after thyroid operation. Quality monitoring of thyroid surgery should include also risk factors for @entity86 .

title: [ XXXX after thyroid surgery].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage', 'Haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding', 'postoperative haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Haemorrhage']


abstract: Immunoglobulins and complement components are required for optimal ingestion and optimal killing of microorganisms by granulocytes. The degree of opsonization of microorganisms necessary for their ingestion was lower than that required for the killing of these bacteria during the ingestion phase. Killing during this phase was found to depend mainly on the presence of heat-labile opsonins, probably @entity4417 , present on the microorganisms. Extracellular immunoglobulin G (IgG) and @entity4417 were indispensable for optimal intracellular killing after ingestion was complete. This was established with an assay permitting assessment of the course of the number of viable intracellular bacteria independent of the ingestion of new live bacteria. Maximal intracellular killing by @entity1 granulocytes of ingested catalase-positive ( @entity794 and @entity526 ) or catalase-negative ( @entity4195 and @entity2260 ) microorganisms was found only when fresh serum was present extracellularly. Killing was suboptimal in the absence of serum. With heat-inactivated serum, the killing index lay between the indices obtained in the presence and absence of fresh serum. The stimulatory activity of heat-inactivated serum was most probably due to the interaction of IgG with the Fc receptor on the granulocyte membrane, since IgG subclasses IgG1 and @entity3172 as well as pFc fragments of IgG stimulated the intracellular killing to the same degree as heat-inactivated serum did. In addition, ( @entity34933 )2 fragments of IgG did not stimulate killing, and reduced killing was observed in the presence of heat-inactivated serum after reduction of the number of Fc receptors. The extra stimulation of the killing process in the presence of fresh serum compared with heat-inactivated serum was due to the interaction between membrane receptors and complement--most probably @entity4417 generated by both the classical and the alternative pathways of complement activation. This conclusion is based on results obtained with sera in which one or both complement pathways were blocked, on the restoration of the killing-stimulatory activity of @entity18195 serum after addition of fresh C3, and on the reduced killing observed in the presence of fresh serum after reduction of the number of C3 receptors by the use of pronase or antigranulocyte serum.

title: Participation of immunoglobulins and complement components in the intracellular killing of @entity794 and @entity526 by XXXX granulocytes.

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Whether a state of nasal hyperresponsiveness influences antigen-induced biphasic nasal blockage and sneezing were examined using a @entity840 model of @entity2023 . Sensitized animals were challenged with an antigen, @entity12261 pollen, once every week. Before the 13th challenge, the animals were randomly divided into 2 groups, and then the 13th challenge was performed (Groups A-0 and B-0). The 14th challenge was done on day 2 (Group A-2) and on day 7 (Group B-7) after the 13th challenge, on which nasal hyperresponsiveness was present and absent, respectively. Biphasic nasal blockage and sneezing after the challenge in Group A-2 were more severe than those in Group A-0, while those of Group B-7 were almost the same as those of Group B-0. An anti-histaminic, @entity8765 , inhibited sneezing but not the biphasic nasal blockage in Group B-7. A @entity26510 (CysLT) antagonist, @entity1440 , suppressed the late nasal blockage but not the early blockage and sneezing in Group B-7. In contrast, in Group A-2, @entity8765 significantly attenuated not only sneezing but also the early nasal blockage. @entity1440 significantly inhibited both nasal blockage and sneezing in Group A-2. In conclusion, nasal hyperresponsiveness aggravated the antigen-induced nasal responses, to which @entity112 and @entity2569 LTs considerably contributed.

title: Acquired nasal hyperresponsiveness aggravates antigen-induced rhinitis in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12261 :: ('3369', 'Species') :: ['Japanese cedar']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1440 :: ('MESH:C047681', 'Chemical') :: ['pranlukast', 'Pranlukast']

entities_list: @entity26510 :: ('MESH:C112381', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl leukotriene']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: @entity7878 raffinolactis, unlike most lactococci, is able to ferment alpha- @entity46272 , such as @entity9591 and @entity9592 . More than 12 kb of chromosomal DNA from L. raffinolactis ATCC 43920 was sequenced, including the alpha-galactosidase gene and genes involved in the Leloir pathway of @entity3649 metabolism. These genes are organized into an operon containing aga (alpha-galactosidase), galK (galactokinase), and galT ( @entity19448 uridylyltransferase). Northern blotting experiments revealed that this operon was induced by @entity46272 , such as @entity1132 , @entity9591 , @entity9592 , and, to a lesser extent, @entity3649 . Similarly, alpha-galactosidase activity was higher in @entity1132 -, @entity9591 -, and @entity9592 -grown cells than in @entity3649 -grown cells. No alpha-galactosidase activity was detected in @entity413 -grown cells. The expression of the aga-galKT operon was modulated by a regulator encoded by the upstream gene galR. The product of galR belongs to the LacI/GalR family of transcriptional regulators. In @entity7878 , L. raffinolactis GalR acted as a repressor of aga and lowered the enzyme activity by more than 20-fold. We suggest that the expression of the aga operon in lactococci is negatively controlled by GalR and induced by a metabolite derived from the metabolism of @entity46272 .

title: Characterization of genes involved in the metabolism of alpha- @entity46272 by XXXX raffinolactis.

entities_list: @entity46272 :: ('MESH:D005697', 'Chemical') :: ['galactosides']

entities_list: @entity9591 :: ('MESH:D008553', 'Chemical') :: ['melibiose']

entities_list: @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus', 'L. lactis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity19448 :: ('MESH:C029973', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose 1-phosphate']

answer: @entity7878 :: (1358,Species) :: ['Lactococcus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: the present quantitative longitudinal study focuses on the inter-relationships between @entity458 , distressed female sexual function and childbirth. Additional variables studied include @entity308 , mode of delivery, subjective birth experience and traumatic life events other than @entity458 . METHODS: data collection for the study was extended across three time periods: during the third trimester of pregnancy and approximately one and six months postpartum. Self-reported questionnaire responses of 300 @entity1 from two medical centres in Israel, as well as hospital records regarding their mode of childbirth, were included in the data analysis. Measures incorporated in the study included the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised, the Beck Depression Inventory and modified versions of the Traumatic Events Questionnaire, the Sexual Experiences Survey, and the Subjective Birth Experience Questionnaire. RESULTS: findings demonstrated that @entity1 with a lifetime history of @entity458 compared to @entity1 without such history, are at an increased risk for distressed antenatal and postpartum female sexual function (Odds Ratio OR=2.66 and OR=2.26, respectively); and postpartum @entity308 (OR=2.36). Antenatal @entity308 was likewise shown to be significantly associated with antenatal and postpartum distressed female sexual function (OR=4.32 and OR=10.4, respectively), as well as with a more negatively experienced childbirth (T-Ratio, T=1.98, p<0.05). Moreover, distressed antenatal female sexual function was found to increase the risk for a more negatively experienced childbirth (T=2.04, p<0.05), and caesarean childbirth (OR=3.34). CONCLUSIONS: the current study enriches the understanding of the inter-relationships between the antenatal, childbirth and postpartum variables studied herein; and has implications for evidence based practice in both preventative and intervention efforts. Recommendations for future research are presented and discussed.

title: Inter-relationships between XXXX , female sexual function and childbirth.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual abuse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify clinical and dosimetric factors associated with acute @entity1503 during definitive therapy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity957 ( @entity957 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 108 @entity957 @entity1 treated with IMRT. Clinical information included age, gender, stage, concurrent chemotherapy, @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) chemotherapy and weekly hematologic and @entity344 during IMRT. From contours of the bony pelvis and bowel, dose-volume parameters were extracted. @entity2357 models were used to test associations between @entity137 and clinical or dosimetric predictors. RESULTS: The median age was 59 years, 81 @entity1 were @entity1 and 84 @entity1 received concurrent @entity1139 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). On multivariate analysis (MVA), the model most predictive of Grade 2 + @entity417 included the maximum bony pelvis dose (Dmax), female gender, and T stage [p = 0.035, cross validation area under the curve (cvAUC) = 0.66]. The strongest model of Grade 2 + @entity1431 included V10 (percentage of pelvic bone volume receiving >=  10 Gy) and number of @entity1139 cycles (p = 0.276, cvAUC = 0.57). The model including @entity1139 cycle number and T stage correlated best with Grade 2 + @entity1398 (p = 0.306, cvAUC = 0.57). The model predictive of combined Grade 2 + @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) included V10 and T stage (p = 0.016, cvAUC = 0.66). A model including VA45 (absolute bowel volume receiving >=  45 Gy) and MOH5 (mean dose to hottest 5% of bowel volume) best predicted @entity294 (p = 0.517, cvAUC = 0.56). CONCLUSION: Dosimetric constraints to the pelvic bones should be integrated into IMRT planning to reduce @entity137 , potentially reducing treatment interruptions and improving disease outcomes in @entity957 . Specifically, our results indicate that Dmax should be confined to  <= 57 Gy to minimize @entity417 and that V10 should be restricted to  <= 87% to reduce incidence of all @entity1503 .

title: Predictors of acute XXXX during definitive chemoradiation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy for @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['anal squamous cell carcinoma', 'ASCC']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities', 'HT', 'hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: The treatment of @entity3620 (MPM) is currently less than satisfactory. Survival statistics are best for the epithelial subtype and for @entity5 that can be completely removed by surgery. Radiotherapy provides no survival benefit and is used only to palliate symptoms or to prevent growth along needle tracks and incisions. The response to chemotherapeutic agents is poor, and to date there is no standard cytotoxic treatment. Antimetabolites may have some activity, and one trial of high-dose @entity1499 has suggested a moderate response rate. There is also no evidence that any chemotherapy regimen given as a part of multimodality treatment, including radiotherapy and surgery, can improve survival. Recently, a renewed interest in MPM led to clinical trials with promising preliminary results for several agents alone or in combination, including @entity136 , raltitrexed, @entity1206 , and pemetrexed. Pemetrexed, a @entity1501 -based inhibitor of thymidylate synthase and other enzymes, is currently under investigation in multiple @entity5 . A phase I study of pemetrexed in combination with @entity900 showed a remarkable response rate of approximately 50% in @entity1 with the epithelial subtype of MPM. This led to a large international study of the combination of pemetrexed plus @entity900 .

title: Pemetrexed for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the technical feasibility of laparoscopic management of @entity30 has been described, it remains of limited perceived usefulness in the management of surgically complex Crohn's. Successful management of such disease by using minimal access techniques is described. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 underwent laparoscopically assisted procedures to address clinically complex disease. Goals of the laparoscopic phase included mobilization of pertinent structures, localization of disease, and precise selection of incision location. Clinical situations encountered included @entity292 , @entity1347 , abscesses, and reoperative management. RESULTS: Conversion to completely open procedures was not necessary in any case. Operative time was longer in complex @entity30 than in concurrently managed @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic ileal/cecal resection for limited disease (244 +/- 18 vs 127 +/- 5 minutes, P < 0.05). @entity1347 was associated with the longest operative times (292 +/- 36 minutes). Length of hospitalization was also longer than after management of limited @entity4628 (7.1 +/- 1.4 vs 4.5 +/- 0.4 days). Major complications occurred in 18%. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic techniques can be applied to complex @entity30 with effective disease management. In @entity1 who may require multiple procedures, maintenance of abdominal wall integrity should be of significant value.

title: Laparoscopic management of complex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal disease']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Management of long-segment or multi-segment disease', 'multipleor long-segment disease']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship among @entity986 , genesis, and development of @entity13 . METHODS: We detected the deletion and point mutation of @entity986 exon 2 by PCR-TGGE. Methylation sensitivity ristriction enzyme polymerase chain reaction was used to detect whether methylation is correlated with happening of @entity11 . RESULTS: @entity986 homozygous deletion was detected in 14 of 48 @entity11 . No deletions were found in low grade @entity11 . Of the 48 @entity11 , 5 @entity11 (WHO grade III) and 9 glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) showed homozygous deletion of exon 2 with a deletion rate of 33.33% (5/15) and 50.00% (9/18) respectively. The mutations of 34 @entity11 with @entity986 positive amplification were detected point mutations in two @entity11 , in which one was @entity11 and the other was @entity463 . Six of the 48 @entity11 (12.5%) showed exon1 methylations. CONCLUSIONS: @entity986 may play an important role in genesis of @entity13 . The main alteration of @entity986 in @entity13 was homozygous deletion of exon 2, the methylation of @entity986 exon 1 was subcardinal, however, point mutation was rare. The deletion of @entity986 was found especially in high grade @entity11 , so we could propose that it may be the late event of @entity5 occurrence.

title: Multiple suppressor gene @entity986 of human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain glioma', 'brain gliomas']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['anaplatic glioma', 'glioma', 'anaplastic gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity13 :: (MESH:C564230,Disease) :: ['brain gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Levels of n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) and n-6 @entity5204 in breast milk are associated with the development of @entity56 up to school age. However, it is unknown whether this relationship persists when the @entity1 becomes older. We therefore studied the association between levels of n-3 @entity5204 and n-6 @entity5204 in breast milk of allergic- and nonallergic mothers and @entity565 , @entity484 and sensitization up to the age of 14  years. METHODS: The study was nested in the ongoing PIAMA birth cohort. At the @entity1 's age of 3  months, 276 mothers provided a breast milk sample. @entity565 (N total  =  269) and @entity484 (N total  =  274) were self-reported up to the @entity1 's age of 14  years. Specific serum IgE levels were measured at the ages of 4, 8 and 12  years (N total  =  216). Generalized estimating equations analyses were used to take account of repeated observations. RESULTS: @entity565 up to the age of 14  years is less prevalent in @entity1 of allergic mothers receiving breast milk with higher levels of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated (LCP) @entity1718 (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.31-0.79), and more prevalent in @entity1 of nonallergic mothers receiving breast milk with higher levels of n-6LCP (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.14-3.03). Weaker associations in similar direction were observed for @entity484 and sensitization. Direction of associations were consistent and of similar magnitude throughout childhood. CONCLUSION: The association between breast milk @entity844 composition and @entity565 , @entity484 and sensitization persists up to the age of 14  years in @entity1 of both allergic and nonallergic mothers.

title: Breast milk @entity844 composition has a long-term effect on the risk of @entity565 , XXXX , and sensitization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity484 :: (MESH:D004485,Disease) :: ['eczema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity1176 agonists or @entity1872 therapy normalizes @entity172 metabolism in the eutopic endometrium of @entity1 with @entity46 , @entity1870 , or @entity2909 . DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): Fifty-three @entity1 with @entity46 , @entity1870 , or @entity2909 . INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 received @entity1176 agonist or @entity1872 . Biopsy samples of the endometrium were obtained before and after endocrine therapy. Nontreated endometrial explants were cultured in the presence of either drug. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-Southern blot and immunohistochemical analyses of the endometrial expression of aromatase cytochrome P450, @entity172 receptor, @entity1420 receptor, and Ki-67. Nontreated endometrial explants were cultured in the presence of either drug. RESULT(S): Messenger RNA and protein of aromatase cytochrome P450 were greatly reduced in the eutopic endometrium of @entity1 treated with @entity1176 agonist for 2 months or more or with @entity1872 for 1 month or more. Culture of endometrial explants with @entity1176 agonist (10(-9)-10(-7) M) did not change the amount of aromatase cytochrome P450, whereas @entity1872 (10(-7)-10(-6) M) efficiently reduced aromatase cytochrome P450 expression. CONCLUSION(S): Therapy with @entity1176 agonist or @entity1872 decreases expression of aromatase cytochrome P450 in diseased eutopic endometrium. Endocrine therapy normalized in part the impaired hormonal expression of the eutopic endometrium. @entity1176 agonist reduced aromatase cytochrome P450 expression mainly by promoting a hypoestrogenic state, whereas @entity1872 reduced aromatase cytochrome P450 in part by direct action on the eutopic endometrium.

title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and XXXX normalize aromatase cytochrome P450 expression in eutopic endometrium from @entity1 with @entity46 , @entity1870 , or @entity2909 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity1872 :: (MESH:D003613,Chemical) :: ['danazol']


abstract: The purpose of this study is intra-operatively to localize the sensorimotor area by intrinsic optical method detecting the changes in regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ) and cortical temperature following neuronal activity during median nerve stimulation. In 18 @entity1 with @entity1313 located around the sensorimotor cortex, cortical recording of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) was performed and localized changes in @entity13279 during median nerve stimulation were measured by a laser-Doppler flowmeter on the locations of SEPs and around the activation area obtained by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In two @entity1 , cortical thermomapping was also performed during median nerve stimulation. In fMRI study, the significant activation area of sensorimotor could be obtained in 17 of 18 @entity1 . In cortical recording of SEPs, the polarity reversal of N20 and @entity9289 was observed in 14 of the 18 @entity1 . In 9 of the 14 @entity1 in whom SEPs could be recorded, the localized changes in @entity13279 , corresponding to the stimulation, were detected in the N20 area. In 2 of the 4 @entity1 in whom N20 could not be recorded successfully, the localized changes in @entity13279 could be detected. The increase in @entity13279 during the stimulation was 18.3% +/- 5.3% (mean +/- SD, n = 11). Thermomapping could demonstrate the localized area, where the increase in @entity13279 was also detected, by observation of the changes in cortical temperature during the stimulation. The intra-operative intrinsic optical method detecting @entity13279 and cortical temperature in combination with recording of SEPs may be considered useful for brain functional localization related to @entity74 .

title: Intra-operative optical method using intrinsic signals for localization of sensorimotor area in XXXX with @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: RATIONALE: Engraftment and survival of transplanted stem or stromal cells in the microenvironment of host tissues may be improved by combining such cells with scaffolds to delay apoptosis and enhance regenerative properties. AIMS: We examined whether @entity7050 pharmacologically active microcarriers (PAMs) releasing @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) enhance survival, differentiation, and angiogenesis of @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). We analysed the efficacy of transplanted @entity1386 conjugated with PAMs in a @entity19 model of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: We used fibronectin-coated (empty) PAMs or @entity1611 -releasing PAMs covered with @entity19 @entity1386 . Twelve-month-old C57 @entity19 underwent coronary artery ligation to induce @entity583 , and were randomized into five treatment groups: @entity583 control (saline 20   L, n = 7), @entity583 followed by intramyocardial injection with @entity1386 (2.5 * 10(5) cells/20   L, n = 5), or concentrated medium (CM) from @entity1386 (20   L, n = 8), or @entity1386 (2.5 * 10(5) cells/20   L) conjugated with empty PAMs (n = 7), or @entity1611 -releasing PAMs (n = 8). Sham-operated @entity19 (n = 7) were used as controls. @entity1611 -releasing PAMs increased proliferation and angiogenic potential of @entity1386 , but did not impact their osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation. @entity1386 conjugated with @entity1611 -releasing PAMs inhibited apoptosis, decreased @entity82 , increased arteriogenesis and the number of cardiac-resident Ki-67 positive cells, and improved myocardial fractional shortening compared with @entity1386 alone when transplanted into the infarcted hearts of C57 @entity19 . With the exception of fractional shortening, all such effects of @entity1386 conjugated with @entity1611 -PAMs were paralleled by the injection of CM. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1386 conjugated with @entity1611 -releasing PAMs exert paracrine effects that may have therapeutic applications.

title: Transplantation of adipose tissue mesenchymal cells conjugated with XXXX -releasing microcarriers promotes repair in @entity19 @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['AT-MSCs', 'adipose tissue-mesenchymal stromal cells']

answer: @entity1611 :: (22339(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of the study was to evaluate the amended International Classification of @entity2794 (third edition, beta version, ICHD-3 beta) with a retrospective analysis. A total of 22 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity158 and @entity17245 ( @entity17245 ) in our hospital were retrospectively studied. The following clinical data were collected: symptoms, signs, location of inflammatory tissue, time interval of paresis following the onset of @entity158 , @entity158 and signs of resolution, follow-up and relapse. @entity158 and @entity892 were found in 22 (100  %) and 20 cases (91  %). The sympathetic nerve was involved in 6 cases (27  %). Paresis followed the @entity158 for an average of 8      5.87  days. Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed @entity75 that was visible in 20 @entity1 (91  %). 19 @entity1 (86  %) demonstrated the lesions located in the cavernous sinus, orbital apex or superior orbital fissure. One lesion extended to the intracranial structure. @entity158 was relieved in 20 cases (91  %) within 72  h and no @entity1 had complete relief from paresis. According to our study,  we think the time course of relief should be undefined. @entity10 location is hard to describe accurately. Normal MRI should be involved in @entity17245 diagnoses. The lesion of @entity17245 can extend beyond the cavernous sinus and the orbit. The time interval between @entity10 and paresis can exceed 2  weeks.

title: The evaluation of ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for XXXX : a study of 22 cases of @entity17245 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful ophthalmoplegia', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity17245 :: ('MESH:D020333', 'Disease') :: ['THS', 'Tolosa-Hunt syndrome']

answer: @entity17245 :: (MESH:D020333,Disease) :: ['Tolosa-Hunt syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Biofilm formation reduces the efficacy of standard microbiological techniques in @entity281 . This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of tissue sample enrichment as a means to increase diagnostic yield. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing revision arthroplasty surgery between May 2004 and January 2013 had intraoperative tissue samples cultured in standard media as well as enriched in brain heart infusion broth. @entity1 were separated into infected or non-infected groups according to modified criteria from the @entity85 Society. RESULTS: A total of 197 revision arthroplasties were included (non-infected, n = 165; proven infection, n = 32). The mean time until revision in non-infected and infected groups was 75.9 and 41.7 months, respectively. The commonest microorganisms cultured were coagulase-negative staphylococci (42.9 %) and @entity794 (34.4 %). The sensitivity and specificity of standard tissue culture were 0.25 (CI 0.18-0.33) and 0.98 (CI 0.95-0.99), respectively. Including enrichment culture results increased the sensitivity to 0.45 (CI 0.37-0.54), but decreased specificity to 0.59 (CI 0.52-0.66). CONCLUSION: Any potential increase in the sensitivity is far outweighed by the extremely high false-positive rate. Results of tissue samples cultured by enrichment should be used with caution and may lead to a worse outcome if incorrectly interpreted.

title: Does intraoperative tissue sample enrichment help or hinder the identification of microorganisms in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic joint infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Infection']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['prosthetic joint infection']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Worldwide, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) is a common medical problem for aging @entity1 . Of @entity1 who seek help with their symptoms, almost one-third do not respond to the medical therapy. These @entity1 need a procedure that is safe, efficient, and durable, and at the same time carries minimal risk of side-effects. Many new technologies are introduced to our medical practice with the promise of being the ideal office-based procedure. In this review, we intend to review and discuss the role of three surgical procedures in an office setting. These include thermotherapy, 532-nm laser photo-selective vaporization of prostate, and bipolar plasma vaporization of prostate. RECENT FINDINGS: There are a few recent thermotherapy studies regarding the outcome of thermotherapy in LUTS/ @entity1067 @entity1 . Data regarding the use of 532-ng laser photo-selective vaporization of prostate are scant but promising. The use of bipolar plasma vaporization is not well studied in an office setting. SUMMARY: In a select group of @entity1 , thermotherapy and laser prostate surgery could be safely used to treat LUTS/ @entity1067 @entity1 . Bipolar plasma vaporization is a promising technology, but its use in an office setting has not been completely evaluated yet.

title: Outpatient surgery for lower urinary tract symptoms/ XXXX : truth or myth?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in characterizing spatial distribution of @entity2227 ( @entity367 ) in @entity75 . Comparing the differences in @entity367 concentration using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is hampered by the confounding effects of different anatomical regions and tissue composition. NEW METHOD: Effect of tissue composition on @entity367 concentrations was studied by selecting closely adjacent voxels within a designated cortical region. @entity367 regional differences were assessed using voxels comprising essentially the same tissue composition from different cortical regions. RESULTS: Using point-resolved-spectroscopy (PRESS)-based averaged echo time method, @entity367 concentration in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was found to correlate strongly with tissue gray matter (GM) fraction (r=0.87, p=10(-5)). No significant regional difference in @entity367 concentration was found between frontal and occipital lobes (p=0.23) when the two measured voxels had essentially the same tissue composition. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: The method of the current study is aimed to circumvent the difficulties in differentiating anatomical region from tissue composition, given that both can lead to @entity367 variations in brain. @entity367 concentration versus tissue composition was measured in the same anatomical region, while the comparison of regional differences was performed with the two regions that had essentially the same tissue composition. CONCLUSIONS: In brain cortices, @entity367 level is significantly higher in GM than in WM. @entity367 level difference between frontal lobe and occipital lobe is insignificant.

title: Regional and tissue-specific differences in brain XXXX concentration measured by in vivo single voxel MRS.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The temporal variation of the hemodynamic mechanical parameters during cardiac pulse wave is considered as an important atherogenic factor. Applying @entity1503 molecular viscosity simulation is crucial for hemodynamic analysis. Understanding low density lipoprotein (LDL) distribution in relation to flow parameters will possibly spot the prone to @entity731 aorta regions. METHODS: The biomechanical parameters tested were averaged wall shear stress (AWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT) in relation to the LDL concentration. Four non-Newtonian molecular viscosity models and the Newtonian one were tested for the normal @entity1 aorta under oscillating flow. The analysis was performed via computational fluid dynamic. RESULTS: Tested viscosity blood flow models for the biomechanical parameters yield a consistent aorta pattern. High OSI and low AWSS develop at the concave aorta regions. This is most noticeable in downstream flow region of the left subclavian artery and at concave ascending aorta. Concave aorta regions exhibit high RRT and elevated LDL. For the concave aorta site, the peak LDL value @entity3482 .0% higher than its entrance value. For the convex site, it is 18.0%. High LDL endothelium regions located at the aorta concave site are well predicted with high RRT. CONCLUSIONS: We are in favor of using the non-Newtonian power law model for analysis. It satisfactorily approximates the molecular viscosity, @entity13920 , OSI, RRT and LDL distribution. Concave regions are mostly prone to @entity731 . The flow biomechanical factor RRT is a relatively useful tool for identifying the localization of the atheromatic plaques of the normal @entity1 aorta.

title: Low Density Lipoprotein and Non-Newtonian Oscillating Flow Biomechanical Parameters for Normal XXXX Aorta.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-Newtonian blood']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most interventions for childhood @entity28 are randomized controlled studies. Less is known about the effectiveness of clinical @entity28 programmes. OBJECTIVE: To assess outcomes in adolescents participating in the SickKids Team Obesity Management Program (STOMP) vs. a comparison group of @entity28 adolescents. METHODS: Severely @entity28 adolescents (n   =   75) in STOMP (15.1        1.8 years, body mass index [BMI] 44.8        7.8   kg   m(-2) ) were compared with adolescents (n   =   41) not in the programme (14.9        2.0 years, BMI 34.5        8.0   kg   m(-2) ). Outcomes were change in BMI, cardiometabolic, psychological and health behaviour measures. RESULTS: At 6 months, STOMP @entity1 ' BMI was unchanged (0.08        0.3; P   =   0.79) and they reported improvements in quality of life and @entity308 (-3.6        1.4; P   =   0.009), and increases in measures of readiness to change (RTC). Between-group differences in change between 0 and 6 months, in favour of STOMP @entity1 , were observed for homeostatic measurement assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; -2.7        1.0; P   =   0.007), @entity308 scores (-3.5        1.7; P   =   0.04), diet-RTC (0.6        0.2; P   <   0.001) and physical activity (1.7        0.9; P   =   0.05). At 12 months, STOMP @entity1 increased BMI (0.8        0.5; P   =   0.07), but they exhibited decreased waist circumference (-7.4        2.1 cm; P   =   0.001) and HOMA-IR (-1.9        0.6; P   =   0.002). Between-group differences in change between 0 and 12 months, in favour of STOMP @entity1 , were observed for waist circumference (-5.9        2.4 cm; P   =   0.01), HOMA-IR (-2.9        0.7; P   <   0.001) and diet-RTC (0.9        0.2; P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: STOMP @entity1 did not experience a significant reduction in BMI but did have improvements in cardiometabolic, psychological and health behaviour outcomes. Evaluation of paediatric clinical @entity28 programmes using multiple measures is essential to understanding real-world outcomes.

title: Adolescents with severe XXXX : outcomes of participation in an intensive @entity28 management programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2023 , @entity565 and @entity483 are closely associated. Although population-based studies report a high prevalence of @entity2490 among @entity565 @entity1 , less is known of the association between @entity2490 and @entity483 and the severity of concomitant @entity2490 . OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of @entity2023 among @entity748 and @entity1 with @entity483 and assessed whether age and comorbidity influence the severity of @entity2490 signs and symptoms. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-five @entity1 recruited for a multicentre trial to study the effect of encasings of mattresses, pillows and duvets on signs and symptoms of @entity2023 and/or @entity565 and/or @entity483 recorded visual analogue scores (VAS) and daily symptom scores and underwent nasal challenge tests with @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ). RESULTS: Based on history and clinical symptoms 92% of the 164 @entity748 @entity1 and 85% of the 86 @entity1 with @entity483 could be diagnosed as having @entity2490 . Inclusion of a positive provocation to @entity6711 did not result in a substantial lower prevalence of @entity2490 . Subjects reported moderate symptoms, with mean @entity2490 VAS scores ranging from 40.0 to 55.0. Presence of @entity483 was associated with lower @entity2490 VAS and symptoms scores, whereas in multivariate analysis the presence of @entity565 was positively associated with nasal responsiveness to @entity6711 . CONCLUSION: The prevalence of nasal symptoms in @entity1 with @entity565 or @entity483 and sensitized to house dust mites is high. Although the majority of @entity1 experience mild to moderate symptoms, the presence of @entity11766 needs to be examined in all @entity1 with @entity74 .

title: Prevalence and severity of @entity2023 in XXXX -allergic @entity1 with @entity565 or @entity483 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disorders']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasal disease']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mite']

answer: @entity6711 :: (MESH:D008924,Disease) :: ['house dust mite']


abstract: The purpose of this manuscript is to briefly review the pathophysiology of @entity2806 . Ischemic thresholds are well-defined in lower animals. The concept of the @entity63 penumbra may include regions of brain around deeper regions of @entity63 but has also been defined in terms of brain salvageable by reperfusion or by pharmacological therapies. The principal pathophysiological processes in @entity2806 are energy failure, loss of cell ion homeostasis, @entity520 , increased intracellular @entity460 , excitotoxicity, and free radical-mediated @entity137 . The underlying biochemical processes are similar regardless of the amount of brain that is made @entity63 or the duration of @entity63 . The relative contributions of each process are believed to vary significantly especially in relation to the level of cerebral blood flow. Neurons may die by @entity39 or apoptosis. In the core of an @entity1188 where blood flow is very low, the predominant process is energy failure and rapid @entity39 cell death. Reperfusion of @entity63 tissue produces an influx of inflammatory cells and of @entity26 that can cause increases in @entity26 -derived free radicals. Free radicals are also important in prolonged @entity63 . There is interest in changes in gene expression after @entity63 . Induction of @entity1457 proteins suggests that gene expression changes may protect neurons from death. Changes in gene expression also may initiate apoptosis or other detrimental processes. Although advances have been made, there are still no proven pharmacological therapies to rescue @entity63 @entity1 neurons. Such therapies do appear to be on the horizon.

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The antianginal and anti- @entity63 efficacy of the selective I (f) inhibitor @entity15726 is established in @entity1 with @entity5749 in monotherapy and in combination with other antianginals, including beta-blocker. This pilot study compared the antianginal and anti- @entity63 efficacy and hemodynamic profile of @entity15726 plus 5  mg @entity2179 versus those of 10  mg @entity2179 in @entity1 with @entity5749 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity5749 and moderate @entity1002 already on @entity2179 5  mg od were randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 (n   =   17) received @entity15726 (5-7.5  mg bid) in addition to @entity2179 5  mg od, while in group 2 (n   =   12) @entity2179 was uptitrated first to 7.5  mg and then 10  mg od. @entity1 underwent a treadmill test, 6-minute walking test, and echocardiography at baseline and after 2  months. RESULTS: Mean resting heart rate decreased in both groups, from 76.6        4.6  bpm to 59.3        2.5  bpm (P   <   0.001) in group 1 and from 75.9        3.0  bpm to 60.5        2.3  bpm (P   =   0.002) in group 2. The effect on resting heart rate did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, more @entity1 became asymptomatic in group 1 than in group 2. Addition of @entity15726 also improved exercise capacity, as shown by the results of the 6-minute walking and exercise tolerance tests, whereas in group 2 neither parameter was significantly affected. Chronotropic reserve significantly improved with @entity15726 , but not with @entity2179 10  mg. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that combining @entity15726 with low dose @entity2179 in @entity5749 @entity1 produces additional antianginal and anti- @entity63 benefits and improves chronotropic reserve.

title: Efficacy of @entity15726 in combination with Beta-blocker versus uptitration of Beta-blocker in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity15726 :: ('MESH:C088408', 'Chemical') :: ['ivabradine']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol']

answer: @entity5749 :: (MESH:D060050,Disease) :: ['stable angina']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Obesity is associated with increased risk for @entity157 ( @entity157 ), but the risk associated with @entity28 may vary by sex or ethnicity. We examined whether the association of body mass index (BMI) with @entity157 incidence, as well as correlations of BMI with total, visceral, and @entity99 , differs among ethnic groups. METHODS: We collected data from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, a population-based prospective cohort study of more than 215,000 @entity1 and @entity1 from Hawaii and California that was assembled from 1993 through 1996. After a median follow-up of 16.6 years, 482 incident @entity157 cases were identified among 168,476 @entity1 . BMI and risk factor data were obtained from a baseline questionnaire. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for @entity157 associated with BMI. The black subjects in the Southern Community Cohort Study were included as a replication cohort. RESULTS: BMI was associated with @entity157 in @entity1 (HR per 5 kg/m(2) increase, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.12-1.42) but not in @entity1 (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.90-1.25) (Pinteraction  = .009). Although BMI was strongly associated with @entity157 in Japanese, white, and Latino @entity1 , there was no association in black @entity1 (Pinteraction  = .002). Similarly, no association was found in the blacks who participated in the Southern Community Cohort Study. BMI correlated with total fat mass, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, in @entity1 and @entity1 and in all ethnic groups (R >=  0.9). However, there was a lower correlation value for BMI and visceral or liver fat measured by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging in black @entity1 (R < 0.5) and in @entity1 (R < 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of an analysis of data from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, the association between BMI and @entity157 differs between sexes and among ethnicities. The lack of association in black @entity1 warrants further investigation. Rather than studying markers of total adiposity, studies of @entity28 and @entity157 should move beyond BMI and use a better measure for fat-specific depots.

title: Sex and Ethnic Differences in the Association of Obesity With Risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic adiposity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Influenza virus A(H7N9) is associated with a high case fatality rate in @entity1 . Multiple viral factors have been postulated to account for high virulence of the virus. It has been reported that @entity1 with @entity778 have relatively low titers of neutralizing antibody than those with seasonal @entity778 . In this study, we compared serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) antibody titers of @entity19 challenged with wild-type A(H7N9) viruses (H7N9[Anhui] and H7N9[Zhejiang]), an A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (pH1N1[2009]), and a recombinant A(H7N9) virus with PR8/H1N1 internal genes (rg-PR8-H7-N9). All @entity19 infected by H7N9(Anhui) and H7N9(Zhejiang) developed serum HI antibody at 14 days post-infection (dpi), but no detectable MN antibody even at 28 dpi. A low level of neutralizing activity was detected in H7N9(Anhui)- and H7N9(Zhejiang)-infected @entity19 using fluorescent foci MN assay, but convalescent sera obtained from H7N9(Anhui)-infected @entity19 did not reduce mortality of na  ve @entity19 after homologous virus challenge. @entity281 with homologous A(H7N9) virus induced higher HI and MN titers. In contrast, pH1N1(2009) @entity778 induced robust HI and MN antibody responses even during the first infection. Moreover, rg-PR8-H7-N9 induced significantly higher HI and MN antibody titers. In conclusion, the internal genes of A(H7N9) virus can affect the humoral immune response against homologous viral surface proteins which may also contribute to the virulence of A(H7N9) virus.

title: Suboptimal humoral immune response against XXXX is related to its internal genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A(H7N9) virus infection', 'virus infection', 'influenza virus infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Re-infection']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['influenza A(H7N9) virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess reproducibility of a commercial m  llerian inhibiting substance ( @entity248 ) assay and evaluate within- @entity1 variation in serum @entity248 levels. DESIGN: Assay reproducibility was evaluated by measuring @entity248 in multiple serum aliquots from the same blood collection. Within- @entity1 variation was assessed by measuring @entity248 in serum collected twice from the same individuals. SETTING: @entity5 Prevention Biomarker and Genotyping Facility, fox Chase @entity5 Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. @entity1 (S): Assay reproducibility was evaluated using serum from five volunteers with regular menstrual cycles. Within- @entity1 variation was evaluated in serum from 20 premenopausal @entity1 who donated blood twice at least 1 year apart. INTERVENTION(S): For both studies, samples were randomly ordered in batches and laboratory personnel were blinded to which aliquots were from the same subject. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The @entity248 was measured by ELISA. RESULT(S): Within- and between-batch coefficients of variation (CVs) of the assay were 7.9% and 12.3%, respectively. After deleting one subject with extreme values, these CVs decreased to 7.6% and 7.7%, respectively. Within- and between-subject variance in @entity248 measurements were 2.19 and 0.31, respectively, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.88 (95% confidence interval .77-.98). CONCLUSION(S): The @entity248 serum concentration is relatively stable over 1 year in premenopausal @entity1 and can be measured with good reproducibility using a commercial kit.

title: Assay reproducibility and within- XXXX variation of M  llerian inhibiting substance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['person']


abstract: When all of the @entity302 are considered, sex differences are not always clear, despite the fact that many sex differences are known in the normal brain. Sex differences in @entity302 in laboratory animals are also unclear, although robust effects of sex on @entity410 have been reported, and numerous effects of gonadal steroids have been shown throughout the rodent brain. Here we discuss several reasons why sex differences in @entity410 susceptibility are unclear or are difficult to study. Examples of robust sex differences in @entity35 , such as the relative resistance of adult female @entity35 to the chemoconvulsant @entity2134 compared to males, are described. We also describe a novel method that has shed light on sex differences in neuropathology, which is a relatively new technique that will potentially contribute to sex differences research in the future. The assay we highlight uses the neuronal nuclear antigen @entity2141 to probe sex differences in adult male and female @entity35 and @entity19 . In females, weak @entity2141 expression defines a sex difference that previous neuropathological studies have not described. We also show that in adult @entity35 , social isolation stress can obscure the normal effects of 17b-estradiol to increase excitability in area @entity1251 of the hippocampus. These data underscore the importance of controlling behavioral stress in studies of @entity410 susceptibility in rodents and suggest that behavioral stress may be one factor that has led to inconsistencies in outcomes of sex differences research. These and other issues have made it difficult to translate our increasing knowledge about the effects of gonadal hormones on the brain to improved treatment for @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: Sex differences in the neurobiology of XXXX : A preclinical perspective.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['laboratory rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical and neurophysiologic features and surgical outcome in @entity1 with intractable @entity1315 . METHODS: @entity1 with intractable @entity1315 who underwent resection of @entity1315 , confirmed by surgical pathology, seen between 1985 and 2000 at Yale University School of Medicine @entity302 , were selected. Medical records were reviewed for age at diagnosis, age at onset of @entity410 , delay between @entity410 onset and @entity5 diagnosis, types and frequencies of @entity410 , EEG results, use of anticonvulsants, extent of surgery, and pathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity1 were identified, 94.1% of them with low-grade @entity5 . Complex partial @entity410 was the most common @entity410 type. All @entity1 underwent at least one surgical procedure with average follow-up of 9 years after surgical intervention. Eighty-seven percent of @entity1 had significant postoperative @entity410 improvement (Engel's classes I and II). Gross total @entity5 resection predicted postoperative @entity410 freedom (p = 0.002), whereas @entity1 with early surgical intervention, auras, and simple partial @entity410 had a tendency toward better @entity410 outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up of @entity1 with intractable @entity1315 suggests good response of @entity410 to surgery, which is unrelated to age at diagnosis, EEG, or pathology. Extent of @entity5 resection was significantly predictive of outcome, whereas early intervention and presence of simple partial @entity410 showed trends as predictive factors.

title: XXXX : characteristics and predictors of surgical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe tumoral epilepsy', 'temporal lobe epilepsy', 'temporal lobe tumors']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy Center']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['Temporal lobe tumoral epilepsy']


abstract: We have treated 9 @entity1 who presented with hepatic decompensation resulting from @entity2360 with a combination of @entity31000 and @entity219 , generally for at least 4 months, followed by transition to @entity219 maintenance therapy. All of these @entity1 had @entity4988 , all but 1 had @entity3638 , and 7 had @entity843 . All of these @entity1 would have been candidates for liver transplantation on the basis of their initial @entity1 -Turcotte-Pugh ( @entity93 ) scores. The minimal listing criteria for transplant candidates is a score greater than 7. Eight of the 9 @entity1 had demonstrated a @entity93 score of 10 or higher. The other scoring system that has been used in @entity2360 to determine need for transplantation is the prognostic index of Nazer, in which a score over 6 indicates that the @entity1 is unlikely to survive without a transplant if treated with @entity2361 . Two of our @entity1 had Nazer scores higher than 6. With our medical therapy, all 9 of these @entity1 have recovered normal liver function as reflected by normalization of their @entity93 scores to 5. Because of coexisting @entity16 , 1 of our 9 @entity1 was initiated on a neurologic protocol and by chance randomized to receive @entity47387 (TM) and @entity219 after 2 weeks of @entity31000 / @entity219 treatment. This @entity1 's liver function recovered much more rapidly than did that of the other 8 @entity1 , all of whom were treated with @entity31000 / @entity219 , suggesting that TM therapy offers a further advantage. In summary, we were able to take 9 @entity1 who presented with @entity1578 -8 of whom had @entity93 scores indicating a potential need for liver transplantation and 2 of whom had Nazer prognostic scores indicating that they were not likely to survive if treated only with @entity2361 - and treat them medically, with recovery in all 9. We believe the @entity31000 / @entity219 combination therapy should be the standard for initial treatment of @entity1578 in @entity2360 because its efficacy is equal or slightly superior to that of @entity2361 and because it has a much lower incidence of side effects. Moreover, TM warrants study to determine whether therapy for hepatic @entity2360 can be further improved.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity219 . XVIII. Initial treatment of the hepatic decompensation presentation with @entity31000 and @entity219 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity47387 :: ('MESH:C020809', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrathiomolybdate']

entities_list: @entity31000 :: ('MESH:D014266', 'Chemical') :: ['trientine']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy with @entity73 and to investigate whether @entity9940 treatment given before prostate biopsy could improve @entity73 after the procedure. METHODS: The study included 66 consecutive @entity1 who underwent TRUS-guided 12-core prostate biopsy and were prospectively randomized. Of the @entity1 , 33 were treated with @entity9940 (0.4 mg daily) beginning the day before the biopsy procedure for 30 days. The remaining 33 @entity1 underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy only with no @entity9940 treatment and served as the control group. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and maximal flow rate (Qmax) were recorded in all @entity1 before the procedure and on postbiopsy days 7 and 30. All @entity1 were followed up and questioned about difficulty voiding and acute urinary retention after the procedure. RESULTS: No difference was found in the mean IPSS and Qmax before biopsy between the two groups (P >0.05). Acute urinary retention after the biopsy procedure developed in 1 @entity1 in the @entity9940 group and 3 @entity1 in the control group. The rate of voiding difficulty on postprocedure day 7 was significantly lower in the @entity9940 group (9.09%) than in the control group (42.42%), a statistically significant difference (P <0.001). In the @entity9940 group, the IPSS was significantly decreased on postbiopsy days 7 and 30 compared with the baseline value (P <0.05 and P <0.001, respectively), and Qmax was significantly elevated on postbiopsy day 30 (P <0.01). In the control group, the IPSS was significantly greater (P <0.05) and the Qmax was significantly lower (P <0.001) on postbiopsy day 7 compared with the baseline value. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that TRUS-guided prostate biopsy leads to transient @entity73 , and therefore, the alpha(1)-blocker @entity9940 before biopsy and for a brief interval afterward may decrease this morbidity.

title: Voiding impairment after prostate biopsy: does XXXX treatment before biopsy decrease this morbidity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['voiding impairment']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: Several recently developed @entity5176 have excellent activity against a broad range of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and are thus potential drugs for the treatment of serious anaerobic and mixed @entity281 . Resistance to @entity5176 is increasing worldwide, but is still relatively infrequent among anaerobes. Two main mechanisms, alteration of target enzymes (gyrase and topoisomerase IV) caused by chromosomal mutations in encoding genes, or reduced intracellular accumulation due to increased efflux of the drug, are associated with @entity1536 resistance. These mechanisms have also been found in anaerobic species. High-level resistance to the newer broad-spectrum @entity5176 often requires stepwise mutations in target genes. The increasing emergence of resistance among anaerobes may be a consequence of previous widespread use of @entity5176 , which may have enriched first-step mutants in the intestinal tract. @entity1536 resistance in the @entity2868 group strains is strongly correlated with @entity535 substitutions at positions 82 and 86 in GyrA (equivalent to positions 83 and 87 of @entity526 ). Several studies have indicated that @entity2868 group strains possess efflux pump systems that actively expel @entity5176 , leading to resistance. DNA gyrase seems also to be the primary target for @entity5176 in @entity2718 , since @entity535 substitutions in GyrA and GyrB have been detected in resistant strains. To what extent other mechanisms, such as mutational events in other target genes or alterations in outer-membrane proteins, contribute to resistance among anaerobes needs to be further investigated.

title: Mechanism of XXXX resistance in anaerobic bacteria.

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolone', 'quinolone']

answer: @entity1536 :: (CHEBI:23765,Chemical) :: ['quinolone']