abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence and the clinical characteristics of @entity12949 in Israel are unknown. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of NHSV cases who were born between January 2001 and December 2007 in 5 medical centers located in central Israel. Cases were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision codes. In addition, parents of survivors were interviewed by telephone. RESULTS: In the 8-year study period, 22 cases of NHSV were identified (an incidence rate of 8.4 per 100,000 live births). Most @entity1 (77.2%, 17 cases) manifested as @entity5517 , 13.6% (3 cases) as @entity6220 and 9.1% (2 cases) as disseminated disease. Most (76.4%) herpes viruses typed in our series were @entity3307 . None of the mothers had documented intrapartum visible genital @entity75 or a previous history of @entity12881 . Ritual circumcision was the source of @entity3307 transmission in 7 @entity1 (31.8% of cases). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity12949 in Israel was found to be similar to the lower part of the scale reported in the United States, however higher than the incidence reported in Canada or in Europe. Similar to more recent reports, our series demonstrates the shift toward the predominance of @entity3307 in @entity12949 . In addition, none of the mothers in our series had a previous history of @entity12881 . This study emphasizes the need for awareness of @entity281 in Israeli neonates.

title: XXXX in Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity12949 :: ('MESH:C536395', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal herpes simplex virus (NHSV) infection', 'NHSV infection']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['skin, eye and/or mouth infection']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['localized central nervous system disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HSV lesions']

entities_list: @entity12881 :: ('MESH:D006558', 'Disease') :: ['genital herpes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HSV infection']

answer: @entity12949 :: (MESH:C536395,Disease) :: ['Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections']


abstract: The influence of immobilisation and i.c.v. injection of ACTH on feeding in @entity35 was examined using a new experimental model. An X-maze with alternate open and covered arms, each baited with standard laboratory chow was used, where individual @entity35 were placed and observed for 5 min. Two essential aspects of the behaviour towards food were considered, namely, tasting and feeding. A number of parameters were applied to demonstrate the anorectic activity of ACTH and immobilisation, in accordance with data obtained using classical procedures for feeding analysis. ACTH at the dose used did not modify @entity35 exploratory activity and grooming in the X-maze without food pellets. In the same X-maze feeding test, @entity1882 920, a selective agonist of @entity935 D2 receptors and alpha 2-adrenoceptors, shown earlier to have anxiolytic- and antidepressive-like properties in @entity35 , enhanced appetite and exerted anxiolytic activity when injected i.p. Pretreatment with @entity1882 920 counteracted the restraint- and ACTH-induced effects. The results are discussed in the light of the relation between control of feeding and @entity1316 . @entity1882 920 activity seems to be of particular interest in view of its antagonism towards the @entity448 elicited by two different agents reputed to have in common a key role in the stress-related disturbances of food intake.

title: XXXX 920 stimulates feeding and antagonizes @entity448 induced by ACTH and immobilisation.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

answer: @entity1882 :: (MESH:D002084,Chemical) :: ['B-HT']


abstract: Without different types of palliation the @entity1 with inoperable @entity5 have a poor quality of life, rapid weight loss which leads to @entity204 . The aim of palliation is the complete relief of @entity1282 . Our modified procedure is a simplified way of a well known method described by Tytgat in 1986. The prosthesis is positioned under continuous visual control using only local anaesthesia. This method is safe and not expensive. During the last three years 73 consecutive @entity1 were treated with palliative fiberoscopic intubation with Tygon prosthesis. 46 @entity1 had @entity418 , 19 had gastric, 8 had @entity2 obstructing the gullet. Among them 11 @entity1 had @entity292 . The early complications were perforations (7) bleeding (2), and later complications: food impaction (5) @entity5 overgrowth (5) and tube migration (2). The mortality was 2%. All @entity1 have received antibiotic prevention. Although the improvement of life quality is more important than extension of life, for many @entity1 survival will be prolonged due to improved nutrition as a result of treatment. This study summaries our experience with this technique and analyzes the problems and complications encountered in our @entity1 .

title: Improvement of swallowing ability in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of any injury is expensive to the individual and the community. For this reason modification of methods of managing @entity130 very often is necessary in resource poor countries. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effectiveness of metal hinge joints in prevention of @entity1159 and @entity8245 in cast immobilisation of reduced @entity4422 . @entity1 : 20 @entity1 who had sideswipe injuries were managed from the year 01/01/2000 to date (20/5/2004) by the orthopaedic unit of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. They were referred from General Hospitals and Rural/Primary Health centers in northwestern Nigeria. They were all males, between the third and fourth decades of life (mean age was 35.54+1.52years). METHODS: Management of these @entity1 involved early anti @entity116 prophylaxis, good wound hygiene, internal fixation of the reduced @entity174 with kirschner wires, cast immobilisation and incorporation of metal hinge joints at the elbow joint. Three days after surgery the casts were windowed and @entity1 were discharged to continue wound dressing at the nearest Health Centres. The metal hinge joints permitted @entity717 throughout the period of immobilization. After 12.45+0.42 weeks (mean length of time of wound healing in these cases) casts and implants were removed. RESULTS: Active movement of the elbows was rated as very good (8 cases), good (6 cases) and fair (6 cases). Plain radiography of the forearms showed fifteen cases of union and five cases of nonunion of @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of treatment of these injuries discerns the effectiveness of functional cast bracing in the prevention of @entity1159 and @entity8245 in cast immobilization of reduced @entity4422 . The healed wounds made the skin safer for further management of the cases of nonunion.

title: Functional cast bracing in the management of XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8245 :: ('MESH:C566753', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis of the elbow joint']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open forearm fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joint movement']

answer: @entity4422 :: (MESH:D005597,Disease) :: ['open forearm fractures']


abstract: Nonocclusive @entity1188 in nonabdominal @entity130 has been ascribed to periods of @entity551 . However, to our knowledge only 17 cases have been reported, and @entity551 was not always found. We studied the frequency and possible causes of @entity1188 in all @entity1 treated at our traumatologic intensive care unit from 1977 through 1986 (n = 2350). @entity1188 was diagnosed at the time of surgery or autopsy; @entity1 with pre-existing @entity455 were excluded. We found 12 @entity1 (incidence: 0.5%) of age 45 +/- 20 years (mean +/- SD). All had severe @entity131 [Head and Neck Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score: 4-5, admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score: 6.5 +/- 3.8]. Eight @entity1 suffered from additional injuries. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 27 +/- 7. All @entity1 received ventilator assistance continuously before the diagnosis of @entity1188 or @entity204 . The leading symptom of @entity1188 was @entity295 and @entity881 with @entity1661 . Five @entity1 with favorable cerebral prognosis underwent surgery: one survived with good cerebral and gastrointestinal recovery. Four @entity1 did not have surgery because of a poor cerebral prognosis. Three @entity1 died of their @entity131 before @entity1188 was clinically manifested. The data show that early diagnosis in ventilated @entity1 with @entity542 is extremely difficult because of the heterogenicity of this group of @entity1 , the low frequency of the complication, and the complexity of the clinical picture. Although @entity1 inevitably were exposed to several agents or situations associated with @entity1188 , the ubiquitous causes were @entity2700 and diuretic therapy.

title: @entity1188 after nonabdominal @entity130 ; association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral trauma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['bowel infarction', 'Intestinal infarction', 'intestinal infarction']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['cerebral trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the literature discussing the influence of gender factors on the efficacy of the most frequently used @entity146 treatments. It recommends taking into account @entity1 gender in order to optimize the treatment efficacy and tolerance. METHOD: Pharmaceutical and psychotherapeutic treatments as well as other types of therapy (psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy [ECT]) are discussed in the overview. Each section draws intermediate conclusions. RESULTS: Literature on the subject is scarce and uneven. From a pharmaceutical perspective, gender differences are marked; they affect substance absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. As a result, differences in bioavailability affect efficacy and side effects of antidepressants, neuroleptics, and @entity1091 as well as of hypnotics, sedatives, and anxiolytics. The menstrual cycle and birth-control pills also produce significant interactions. Few studies have discussed the influence of the gender-specific effect on the outcome of psychotherapy. However, some differences might exist, and serious further research is required before repeatable conclusions can be reached. @entity1 gender does not seem to affect certain physical kinds of treatment such as psychosurgery or ETC as much. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 gender has a definite influence on the efficacy of the treatment administered. This influence, however, is often limited and should be considered for the optimization of treatment response and tolerance. Research in this field of psychiatry should be encouraged.

title: [Sex differences relating to XXXX treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity20392 is a rare locally aggressive @entity5 . It is most frequently reported in mandible, metaphysis and metadiaphysis of long bones. This @entity5 has been observed infrequently in the diaphysis like the one presented here. An 18-year-old female presented with progressive swelling left arm and dull aching @entity158 for 1 year. She had a bony hard lobular well-defined swelling in the midshaft of humerus, which was not warm but tender. There was abnormal mobility present indicating a @entity174 . Plain radiograph of the affected arm showed an expansile, well-defined, intraosseous, radiolucent lesion with expansion involving the entire circumference of the humerus. An open biopsy was carried out and the report came out to be @entity20392 . She underwent wide segmental resection and interlocking nailing and bone grafting. After 6 weeks follow-up, the @entity1 had visible callus and by 12 weeks there was significant union.

title: Diaphyseal XXXX of humerus--report of a rare presentation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity20392 :: ('MESH:D018220', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic fibroma', 'desmoplastic fibroma']

answer: @entity20392 :: (MESH:D018220,Disease) :: ['desmoplastic fibroma']


abstract: Bipolaris is an increasingly recognized cause of @entity364 . Reports of imaging features are sparse. Our purpose was to review the imaging features in @entity1 with @entity364 . A review of our data showed seven @entity1 with culture-proven @entity364 . Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses in all the @entity1 and MRI in five @entity1 were analysed for the location, nature, extent of the disease and density/signal characteristics on CT/MRI. The sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses were most often involved (six of seven), followed by the anterior ethmoid @entity50 (five of seven), frontal @entity50 (four of seven) and maxillary @entity50 (three of seven) involvement. Five of seven cases had bilateral disease. Secretions were seen to fill the @entity50 and were expansile in nature in six of seven cases. Bony erosion was noted in all the @entity1 . Air-fluid levels and @entity1463 were rarely seen. Computed tomography showed central hyperdensity in all the cases. In the corresponding MR images (n = 5), the @entity50 contents appeared hyperintense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images. Extension into the nasal cavity was found in six of seven cases. Five of seven cases had intracranial (extradural) spread. Intraorbital extension was seen in three of seven cases, with associated @entity2850 in two. All the @entity1 responded to surgical debridement, and systemic antifungal therapy was not required. @entity364 typically presents with an @entity56 picture with expansile @entity50 opacification and @entity2721 . There is central hyperdensity on CT scan, which appears hyperintense on T1-weighted and hypointense on T2-weighted MR images.

title: CT and MRI features in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['bony sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal sinusitis', 'Bipolaris fungal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic fungal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bony erosions']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Bipolaris fungal sinusitis']


abstract: Cell-mediated immunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ). We conducted a prospective study in which serum levels of soluble @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ), @entity1192 , and @entity1199 were correlated with @entity908 kinase (CK) levels and clinical disease activity. Cytokines and @entity2902 were quantitated in 133 serum samples from 14 @entity1 by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In @entity1 with acute @entity6558 (9 @entity1 ), soluble @entity2902 and @entity1192 levels were elevated initially, but declined rapidly with therapy. A significant linear relationship was found between soluble @entity2902 levels and CK levels. @entity1199 was initially detectable in only 3 @entity1 , and it disappeared with therapy in all 3. The levels of cytokines and @entity2902 were consistently normal in @entity1 with inactive @entity6558 (2 @entity1 ). In @entity1 with chronic @entity6558 (3 @entity1 ), the cytokines and soluble @entity2902 levels were normal despite persistently abnormal CK levels and/or @entity425 . Cellular @entity2902 levels correlated positively with serum levels of soluble @entity2902 . Our studies substantiate a pathogenic role for cellular immunity in @entity6558 , with the finding of activation of lymphocytes. The finding of increased levels of @entity1192 demonstrates for the first time that there is monocyte activation in @entity6558 . Persistent elevation of CK levels after normalization of the levels of cytokines and @entity2902 may be prognostic of impending @entity102 . Serum soluble @entity2902 appear to be a sensitive indicator of improvement or exacerbation of disease activity in @entity1 with @entity6558 .

title: @entity1192 , XXXX , and soluble @entity1199 receptors in @entity6558 .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity2902 :: ('3559', 'Gene') :: ['IL-2R', 'interleukin-2 receptors']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: The lung comprises lymphocytes even under noninflammatory conditions. We investigated the presence of NK cells, extrathymic T cells, and thymus-derived T cells in this organ. As shown previously in @entity19 liver, two-color staining for @entity5168 and IL-2R beta-chain ( @entity11000 ) identifies @entity5168 - @entity11000 + NK cells, @entity5168 int @entity11000 + cells (int indicates intermediate; of extrathymic origin), and @entity5168 high @entity11000 - cells (high indicates high; of thymic origin). These populations were present in the lungs of normal @entity19 in a unique manner (i.e., NK cells > CD3high cells > CD3int cells). The proportion of @entity5168 int cells increased in the lung with age. In athymic @entity19 , only @entity5168 int cells were detected in the lung. In contrast to @entity5168 int cells in the liver, the majority of these cells in the lung did not express @entity11386 Ags. Other properties of @entity5168 int cells in the lung were the same as those in the liver, e.g., double-negative CD4- 8- cells and gammadelta T cells. @entity5168 int cells in the lung contained forbidden clones similar to those in other organs. When (B6 x bm12) F1 @entity19 (Ly5.2) were injected with @entity5168 high cells of B6-Ly5.1 origin, F1 @entity19 fell victim to chronic @entity2132 and @entity55 , showing the expansion of CD3int cells. Almost all of them were of recipient origin (Ly5.2+). More importantly, such CD3int cells induced @entity792 when injected into irradiated F1 @entity19 . @entity5168 int cells isolated from the lung in @entity19 with @entity2132 exerted autologous cytotoxicity against thymocytes in vitro. These results suggest that extrathymic T cells exist in the lung and that their expansion may be responsible for @entity55 .

title: Intermediate TCR cells in @entity19 lung: their effector function to induce XXXX in @entity19 with @entity2132 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis', 'inflammatory lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-vs-host disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune-like pneumonitis']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to clarify the significance of perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates (PLI) in @entity1204 . METHODS: The pathologic records of 127 @entity1 with @entity4348 confined to the uterus were reviewed retrospectively. The @entity1 were divided into 4 groups based on the presence or absence of vascular invasion (VI) and PLI: VI-PLI- (n = 87), VI-PLI+ (n = 7), VI+PLI+ (n = 22), and VI+PLI- (n = 11). Pathologic features including @entity5 grade, @entity3 , cervical involvement, vascular invasion-associated changes (VIAC; VI and/or PLI), @entity5 size, ovarian @entity3 , and pelvic lymph node @entity3 were assessed statistically. RESULTS: Selective pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 108 @entity1 , and @entity3 was identified in 6 cases (5.6%). Lymph node @entity3 was the only independent variable related to recurrence (Cox regression analysis, P = 0.0008). Perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates correlated closely with VI (Fisher exact test, P < 0.0001). Vascular invasion-associated changes was the best predictor of lymph node @entity3 (logistic regression analysis, P = 0.039), but among the three categories of VIAC, only the VI+PLI- group was significantly associated with lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.0045). The odds ratios of VI+PLI- and VI+PLI+ cases for lymph node @entity3 were 64.54 and 3.24, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although VIAC is the best predictor of lymph node @entity3 , the presence of PLI is associated with a lower risk of lymph node @entity3 among VIAC groups.

title: Significance of perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid type adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Visual event related potentials (ERPs) were studied during an oddball paradigm, to testify whether @entity73 in @entity191 exists and to investigate whether cognitive information processing can be influenced by different interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of an oddball task in @entity1 with @entity191 and normal subjects. METHODS: ERPs and reaction time were measured in 38 @entity3257 @entity1 with @entity191 and 24 healthy elderly subjects. A visual oddball paradigm was employed to evoke ERPs, at three different interstimulus (ISI) intervals: ISI(S), 1600 ms; ISI(M), 3100 ms; and ISI(L), 5100 ms. The effect of ISIs on ERPs and reaction time was investigated. RESULTS: Compared with the normal subjects, @entity3493 latency at Cz and Pz was significantly delayed after rare target stimuli in @entity1 with @entity191 only at ISI(L). Reaction time was prolonged in @entity1 at all the three ISIs, compared with the normal controls. There was also significantly delayed N200 and reduced @entity3493 amplitude at Cz and/or Pz to rare non-target stimuli in @entity1 at the three ISIs, compared with the normal controls. During rare target visual stimulation, @entity3493 latency and reaction time in the @entity1 with @entity191 and reaction time in the normal subjects were gradually prolonged as the ISI increased. CONCLUSION: Prolonged N200 latency to rare non-target stimuli might indicate that automatic cognitive processing was slowed in @entity191 . Cognitive processing reflected by @entity3493 latency to rare target stimuli was influenced by longer ISI in @entity1 with @entity191 .

title: Effect of interstimulus interval on visual XXXX in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive slowing']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-demented']

answer: @entity3493 :: (2033,Gene) :: ['P300']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effects of fish oil supplements on metabolic variables are insufficiently clarified in type 2 @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate short-term (1 wk) and longer-term (9 wk) effects of @entity9539 . DESIGN: Twenty-six subjects with type 2 @entity6 without hypertriacylglycerolemia participated in a double-blind controlled study. Median intake in the intervention group was 17.6 mL fish oil/d (1.8 g 20:5n-3, 3.0 g 22:6n-3, and 5.9 g total n-3 @entity1718 ). The control group received 17.8 mL @entity4336 oil/d (8.5 g 18:2n-6). RESULTS: Plasma phospholipid 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 increased, whereas 18:2n-6 decreased, in the fish oil group compared with the @entity4336 oil group after 1 wk. The two n-3 @entity1718 also increased in adipose tissue biopsy samples taken after 9 wk in the fish oil group. @entity413 concentrations (home-monitored) were approximately 1 mmol/L higher in the fish oil group than in the @entity4336 oil group at the end of the intervention (P = 0.035). @entity413 utilization measured by using an isoglycemic clamp was lowered in the fish oil group compared with that in the @entity4336 oil group at the end of the intervention (P = 0.049), whereas glucagon-stimulated C-peptide tended to increase (P = 0.078). The fish oil group utilized less fat for oxidation after 1 wk, with a change to more fat and less @entity1735 oxidation after 9 wk (P = 0.040), than did the @entity4336 oil group. CONCLUSION: A high intake of fish oil moderately increases blood @entity413 and @entity1720 in @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 without hypertriacylglycerolemia and alters @entity1735 and fat utilization in a time-dependent manner.

title: Effects of n-3 @entity1718 in subjects with type 2 XXXX : reduction of insulin sensitivity and time-dependent alteration from @entity1735 to fat oxidation.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['decreases insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: In order to gain a more global view of the activity of histone demethylases, we report here genome-wide studies of the @entity6739 SWIRM and @entity4664 oxidase (PAO) domain homologues of @entity1 @entity34860 . Consistent with previous work we find that the two @entity6739 proteins, which we name Swm1 and Swm2 (after SWIRM1 and SWIRM2), associate together in a complex. However, we find that this complex specifically demethylates @entity376 9 in histone H3 (H3K9) and both up- and down-regulates expression of different groups of genes. Using chromatin-immunoprecipitation, to isolate fragments of chromatin containing either H3K4me2 or H3K9me2, and DNA microarray analysis (ChIP-chip), we have studied genome-wide changes in patterns of histone methylation, and their correlation with gene expression, upon deletion of the swm1(+) gene. Using hyper-geometric probability comparisons we uncover genetic links between @entity376 -specific demethylases, the histone deacetylase Clr6, and the chromatin remodeller Hrp1. The data presented here demonstrate that in @entity6739 the SWIRM/PAO domain proteins Swm1 and Swm2 are associated in complexes that can remove @entity5498 groups from @entity376 9 methylated histone H3. In vitro, we show that bacterially expressed Swm1 also possesses @entity376 9 demethylase activity. In vivo, loss of Swm1 increases the global levels of both H3K9me2 and H3K4me2. A significant accumulation of H3K4me2 is observed at genes that are up-regulated in a swm1 deletion strain. In addition, H3K9me2 accumulates at some genes known to be direct Swm1/2 targets that are down-regulated in the swm1Delta strain. The in vivo data indicate that Swm1 acts in concert with the HDAC Clr6 and the chromatin remodeller Hrp1 to repress gene expression. In addition, our in vitro analyses suggest that the H3K9 demethylase activity requires an unidentified post-translational modification to allow it to act. Thus, our results highlight complex interactions between histone demethylase, deacetylase and chromatin remodelling activities in the regulation of gene expression.

title: Genome-wide studies of histone demethylation catalysed by the XXXX homologues of @entity1 @entity34860 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['S. pombe', 'fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: ARGUMENT: Pseudo depressive @entity303 is a common pathology for elderly @entity1 . Classically, it is said that @entity308 is taking the mask of @entity303 , but very often deterioration and @entity308 are present at the same time. Sleep EEG can help the clinician to differentiate @entity303 and @entity308 in pseudo depressive @entity303 . @entity25 ( @entity25 ) is a good indicator of deterioration process. We tried to improve the sleep recording and analysis and our ability to differentiate @entity25 in this indication. We use a portable digital recording material (Hypnotrace). The signal is analysed by the association of a visual standard method to Digital Periodic Analysis (DPA) which is very sensitive to @entity25 . The visual analysis gives informations about the macroarchitecture of the night. The Digital Periodic Analysis gives at any moment the value of the wave frequency and thus informations about the microarchitecture. Our hypothesis is that this association helps to better recognise @entity25 and thus improves sleep EEG as a diagnostic tool in this indication. METHODS: 23 inpatients meeting both the criteria for major @entity308 and @entity303 (DSM IV) have been recorded during two nights after 15 days of wash out and before antidepressant treatment. The recordings are analysed with the visual standard method and with the help of DPA. The @entity1 are evaluated every 15 days during two months in order to define three groups based on the clinical evolution. RESULTS: The scoring with DPA is more sensitive to @entity25 , particularly for the @entity1 with good clinical evolution (with the strongest depressive component). Thus, this method could be a good diagnostic tool to differentiate @entity303 and @entity308 in pseudo depressive @entity303 .

title: [Sleep polygraphy: diagnostic value in XXXX . Attempt to improve visual scoring by digital periodic analysis].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['SWS', 'Slow Wave Sleep']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive pseudo-dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of argon laser photocoagulation of @entity4141 by evaluating 1-year outcomes. METHODS: Twenty-one eyes of 15 @entity1 treated with @entity3503 laser photocoagulation (photocoagulation group) and 23 eyes of 16 @entity1 treated with surgical excision (excision group) were retrospectively reviewed. Cosmetic outcome was evaluated by @entity1 's self-report on a 5-grade scale (excellent, good, acceptable, poor, and very poor), and evaluation of treatment outcome was based on objective findings of anterior segment photography and anterior segment optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Overall cosmetic results were excellent or good in 90.5% of laser-treated cases and 78.6% of surgically treated cases. There was no significant difference in cosmetic outcome (P = 0.15). Nineteen (90.5%) and 17 (63.9%) cases demonstrated complete removal of pingueculae after laser photocoagulation and surgical excision, respectively. The anatomic outcome was not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = 0.25). @entity548 and @entity3169 with an irregular surface occurred less frequently in the photocoagulation group than in the excision group [34.8% vs. 0% (P = 0.003) and 30.4% vs. 4.8% (P = 0.048), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Argon laser photocoagulation is an effective and safe method for removing a @entity4141 for cosmetic purposes. The method facilitates control of the extent and depth of removal and thus minimizes conjunctival defects and other complications.

title: One-year outcome of argon laser photocoagulation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Subconjunctival hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4141 :: ('MESH:D059407', 'Disease') :: ['pinguecula']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival scarring']

answer: @entity4141 :: (MESH:D059407,Disease) :: ['pinguecula']


abstract: The therapeutic effectiveness of nutritional support in the treatment of severe @entity3619 and @entity82 was evaluated. 143 @entity1 with severe @entity3619 and 83 with @entity82 were evaluated with SGA for assessing the nutritional status before the treatment. @entity1 with severe @entity3619 were divided into three groups: group A subject to enteral nutrition (EN) and @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ), group B subject to comprehensive treatment (CT)+ @entity3147 ; group C subject to CT+EN. The @entity1 with @entity82 were divided into two groups: group D receiving CT and group E receiving CT+ @entity3147 +EN. The function of liver and kidney and nutritional status were monitored to assess the therapy in 6 weeks. The results showed before treatment, over 90 % @entity1 had moderate to severe @entity3147 . After nutritional support, the liver function (ALT, T-bil) and nutritional status (TP, TC) in group A was improved significantly as compared with that in groups B and C (P<0.05). Compared with group D, the values of TP and Alb were increased significantly in group E (P<0.05), but the levels of ALT, AST and T-bil had no obvious change. It was suggested that most @entity1 with severe @entity3619 or @entity82 had @entity3147 to varying degrees. The nutritional support treatment could obviously improve the nutritional status of these @entity1 , and was helpful to ameliorate the liver function of the @entity1 with severe @entity3619 . Among the methods of nutritional support treatment, @entity3147 combined with EN had the best effectiveness.

title: Nutritional support treatment for severe XXXX and @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['posthepatitic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'malnutrition', 'PN']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate fibrinolytic potential at rest and after a fibrinolytic stressor in @entity1 with a history of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) compared with an age- and activity-matched group of @entity1 without @entity453 ( @entity453 ). All @entity1 were currently enrolled in exercise programs. Tissue-type plasminogen activator ( @entity865 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) activity and antigen levels were measured at rest and after a maximal exercise test. A 2 x 2 (group x time) ANOVA with repeated measures was used to evaluate fibrinolytic potential. Bivariate regressions were conducted to evaluate relations between fibrinolytic potential and maximal @entity26 uptake (VO2max). Age was similar between groups ( @entity453 , 57.5 +/- 6.6; non- @entity453 , 58.1 +/- 7.3 years); however, VO2max was higher in non- @entity453 subjects (36.2 +/- 6.2 vs 27.5 +/- 5.9 mL.kg-1.min-1). Mean +/- SEM resting @entity865 and @entity2289 activities were similar between @entity453 and non- @entity453 subjects ( @entity865 , 2.8 +/- 0.2 vs 2.8 +/- 0.2 IU/mL; @entity2289 , 15.9 +/- 3.1 vs 13.1 +/- 4.1 AU/mL). Both groups showed similar significant increases in @entity865 activity with exercise (P < .05), and postexercise @entity865 activity was also similar ( @entity453 , 9.1 +/- 2.0 IU/mL; non- @entity453 , 11.7 +/- 2.6 IU/mL). Both groups also showed similar significant decreases in @entity2289 activity with exercise (P < .05) and no differences in postexercise @entity2289 activity ( @entity453 , 13.2 +/- 2.5 AU/mL; non- @entity453 , 10.4 +/- 3.6 AU/mL). Significantly higher resting @entity865 antigen levels were seen in @entity453 (14.8 ng/mL) than non- @entity453 (10.2 ng/mL) subjects (P < .05), but neither group showed significant changes with exercise ( @entity453 , 12.9 ng/mL; non- @entity453 , 11.8 ng/mL). Resting @entity2289 antigen was similar in the two groups ( @entity453 , 71.4 ng/mL; non- @entity453 , 74.2 ng/mL) and did not significantly change with exercise ( @entity453 , 77.9 ng/mL; non- @entity453 , 72.3 ng/mL). VO2max was positively correlated with postexercise @entity865 activity (r = .52, P < .05) and negatively correlated with resting @entity865 antigen (r = -.43, P < .05). Resting @entity865 antigen was also directly correlated with body mass index (r = .63, P < .05). The finding that functional fibrinolytic activity was not different in physically active @entity1 with and without @entity453 contrasts with previous reports. This suggests that matching subjects on the bases of age and habitual physical activity status and controlling exercise intensity are important factors to consider when evaluating fibrinolytic potential.

title: Fibrinolytic activity is similar in physically active @entity1 with and without a history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Abnormalities observed in the electrocardiogram (ECG) after acute central nervous system (CNS) events have been reported. Our objective was to assess the incidence of heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation in @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after brain surgery. METHODS: Admission standard 12-lead ECGs were analyzed blinded to @entity1 data. The QT interval was measured and Bazzett's formula was used to obtain QTc. Prolonged QTc was defined as    450 ms. RESULTS: We included 114 @entity1 in the study. The mean age was 49  17 years. @entity1313 was the surgical indication in 90% of the @entity1 . The mean QTc was 470  42 ms. Prolonged QTc was found in 71% @entity1 . The heart rate-corrected QT interval was between 450 ms and 500 ms in 52% and >500 ms in 19% of the @entity1 . The heart rate and concentration of serum @entity413 were higher in the prolonged QTc group. Only 7  5% of all @entity1 had @entity1371 ( <=3 mEq/l). In the prolonged QTc group 9  2% had @entity1371 compared to 3  2% in normal QTc @entity1 (P = 0  406). There were no significant associations between categories of QTc and the serum levels of @entity1011 , @entity1760 , @entity460 , @entity1372 , or pH. @entity3174 and @entity1769 were not frequently used in @entity1 with prolonged QTc. DISCUSSION: This study supports our hypothesis that prolonged QTc is frequently observed after a brain surgery. @entity1371 , hypocalcaemia, and drugs such as @entity1769 or @entity3174 could not explain the high incidence of prolonged QTc. @entity1545 during a surgical procedure may be one of the primary causes of @entity1162 after neurosurgery.

title: XXXX after brain surgery.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTc prolongation']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia', 'Hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QTc prolongation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1214 (MN), one of the commonly prescribed therapies for acne, is known to be associated with @entity792 including @entity910 . However, data are sparse regarding the prevalence of @entity792 in acne or in @entity1 with acne treated with MN. OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and new @entity792 in an MN-exposed and unexposed population with acne. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 252 @entity1 with acne @entity6248 were assessed. Sixty-nine per cent had been exposed to MN at some point or were taking the drug at the time of the interview. Data recorded included duration of disease (acne) and drug history as well as possible side-effects of drugs, in @entity2720 ( @entity158 and @entity4 ). In addition, blood was taken for ANA, ANCA, liver function tests and HLA analysis. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of ANA positivity between @entity1 exposed (13%) or not exposed (11%) to MN. However, higher titres of ANA (1/160 or higher) were found in the MN-exposed group (45% compared with 12% in the unexposed group). ANCA positivity was found in 7% of the MN-exposed group but no positivity was found in the unexposed cohort (P = 0.022). In 58% of cases, the ANCA detected were of the perinuclear pattern (p-ANCA) with @entity3335 specificity, and this finding was associated with clinical symptoms in the majority of cases. Two p-ANCA-positive @entity1 were thought in retrospect to have developed a @entity910 . CONCLUSIONS: ANA positivity is seen in @entity1 with acne irrespective of exposure to MN; however, p-ANCA appear to be a serological marker for developing @entity792 in @entity1 receiving MN.

title: Is XXXX therapy in acne associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity? A cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['Minocycline']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced lupus', 'drug-induced lupus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['particular joint symptoms']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune syndromes', 'autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity1214 :: (MESH:D008911,Chemical) :: ['minocycline']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the spectrum of liver transplantation-related @entity455 that occurred in a single center over the past 14 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity455 and their clinical outcomes were reviewed among 744 liver transplant recipients. All @entity1 underwent Doppler ultrasound with findings correlated with conventional or computed tomography angiography (CTA) in 111 @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 70 recipients with @entity455 (%0.9), 14/26 @entity1 with @entity715 underwent thrombectomy and arterial reanastomosis; six were retransplanted and six died. Among hepatic artery stenoses, three of nine were treated with balloon angioplasty and six underwent reanastomosis. Among 20 portal vein @entity715 , 16 underwent thrombectomy, two @entity1 retransplantation and two died. Seven @entity1 with @entity6315 were followed. Two of six @entity99 were restored with balloon angioplasty and three @entity1 with metallic stent placement; the one other died. One @entity1 with @entity3181 died while the other @entity1 was retransplanted. CONCLUSION: Transplantation related @entity455 diagnosed and managed in timely fashion showed a low mortality rate in our series.

title: XXXX in hepatic transplantation: single-center experience in 14 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic vascular complications', 'vascular complications', 'Vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'hepatic artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic vein stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein stenosis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Vascular complications']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of young age on the outcome of teenage pregnancies by studying teenage deliveries in our unique population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Retrospective chart review of teenage gravidas (age 19 and younger), who had delivered in our hospital. OUTCOME MEASURES: Mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery, newborn's weight and Apgar scores and @entity532 . RESULTS: We recruited 565 teenage delivery cases from the hospital's computerized database. Mean maternal age was 18 (14-19). Most (96%) were married. Fifty-one percent were Jewish and 44% were Muslim. Most of the @entity1 were nulligravidas. Mean gestational age at delivery was 39 weeks (33-44 weeks). A normal vaginal delivery ensued in 72.7%, while 9% had a cesarean section and 17.4% instrumental deliveries (compared to 85.75%, 10% and 4.25% in our adult population, respectively) and 1% underwent vaginal breech delivery. Mean birth weight was 3108 g (1450-4980 g). Apgar score of 9 at 5 minutes was recorded in 97.8% of the newborns. Prenatal care included a mean of 6 prenatal visits with a range of 1-18. The main complication was @entity417 ; 41% had hemoglobin levels of less than 11 g/dL. The rate of other complications was low. CONCLUSIONS: In our homogenous group of teenagers, there was a similar complication rate as in the adult population. The only significant complication was @entity417 (less than 11 g/dL). There was a higher rate of instrumental deliveries and the cesarean delivery rate was slightly lower than in our adult population. Teenage pregnancy should not be considered as a high-risk situation as long as it is planned and followed with the normal routines of prenatal care.

title: Perinatal outcome of teenage pregnancies in a selected group of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['maternal and neonatal complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14752 against @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors is being diagnosed more and more frequently in the paediatric age. It should be suspected in @entity1 with @entity146 symptoms, @entity75 , @entity910 or @entity302 . @entity8231 cases are less frequent than in adults. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a @entity1 , 2.5 years of age, with subacute encephalopathic signs and symptoms and @entity302 followed by behaviour disorders, @entity16 , @entity910 and @entity22 . Results of a cerebrospinal fluid study were normal, the magnetic resonance scan of the head revealed a focal periventricular lesion and diffuse leptomeningeal uptake; moreover, the serial electroencephalograms showed high-amplitude delta activity interspersed with generalised @entity302 . The @entity1 was given empirical treatment with high doses of corticoids and intravenous immunoglobulins with no response. After showing up positive for antibodies against the @entity143 receptor, plasmapheresis was begun, which led to his @entity514 and spectacular recovery. After more than 18 months' follow-up, his sequelae are limited to mild behavioural and language alterations. He has had no relapses and has not needed any kind of maintenance treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Anti- @entity143 @entity198 is a treatable disorder and, sometimes, the first evidence of an underlying @entity5 , which makes its early recognition and treatment essential. Treatment of the non-paraneoplastic forms are based on immunotherapy: glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis and immunosuppressants. Plasmapheresis can bring about a fast, spectacular improvement.

title: [Fast and spectacular clinical response to plasmapheresis in a paediatric case of anti- @entity143 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological regression']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'intercritical epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['Paraneoplastic']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: Soil-transmitted helminths are parasitic @entity2199 that inhabit the @entity1 intestine. These parasites, which include two hookworm species, Ancylostomaduodenale and @entity17447 , the whipworm Trichuristrichiura, and the large @entity2199 Ascarislumbricoides, infect upwards of two billion @entity1 and are a major cause of disease burden in @entity1 and pregnant @entity1 . The challenge with treating these diseases is that poverty, safety, and inefficient public health policy have marginalized drug development and distribution to control infection in humans. Anthelmintics (anti-worm drugs) have historically been developed and tested for treatment of non- @entity1 parasitic @entity2199 that infect livestock and companion animals. Here we systematically compare the in vitro efficacy of all major anthelmintic classes currently used in @entity1 therapy ( @entity13641 , nicotinic @entity934 receptor agonists, @entity35606 , @entity42353 ) against species closely related to @entity1 parasitic @entity2199 -Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Trichurismuris, and Ascarissuum--- as well as a rodent parasitic @entity2199 used in veterinary drug discovery, Heligmosomoidesbakeri, and the free-living @entity2199 @entity2199 . Extensive in vitro data is complemented with single-dose in vivo data in three rodent models of @entity4801 . We find that the effects of the drugs in vitro and in vivo can vary greatly among these @entity2199 species, e.g., the efficacy of @entity3753 is strong on A. ceylanicum but weak on H. bakeri. Nonetheless, certain commonalities of the in vitro effects of the drugs can be seen, e.g., @entity42353 consistently shows an all-or-nothing response. Our in vitro data suggest that further optimization of the clinical efficacy of some of these anthelmintics could be achieved by altering the treatment routine and/or dosing. Most importantly, our in vitro and in vivo data indicate that the hookworm A. ceylanicum is a particularly sensitive and useful model for anthelmintic studies and should be incorporated early on in drug screens for broad-spectrum @entity1 soil-transmitted helminth therapies.

title: An extensive comparison of the effect of anthelmintic classes on diverse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes', 'roundworm', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity13641 :: ('MESH:D001562', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazoles']

entities_list: @entity35606 :: ('CHEBI:63944', 'Chemical') :: ['macrocyclic lactones']

entities_list: @entity17447 :: ('51031', 'Species') :: ['Necator americanus']

entities_list: @entity42353 :: ('MESH:C041747', 'Chemical') :: ['nitazoxanide']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematodes']


abstract: Study Type--Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Female @entity3832 has been described for almost 200 years. The symptoms of female @entity850 may range from clinically insignificant to severe and debilitating with the exact aetiology being unclear. No strict criteria for diagnosis have been established with the diagnosis often relying on a combination of presenting symptoms and objective findings. Initial therapy for female @entity3832 has often rested on urethral dilatations and self-intermittent catheterisation with surgery reserved for @entity1 that failed conservative measures. Female urethroplasty currently is a topic of increasing attention with multiple surgical approaches described including use of both grafts (vaginal wall, @entity3136 , and labia minus) and flaps (vaginal vestibule, anterior vagina, and lateral vagina). We describe our approach to female urethroplasty using a suprameatal (dorsal) approach (described by Tsivian and Sidi) with an autologous vaginal epithelium inlay graft. The technique and modern approaches to female urethroplasty are contrasted and discussed. The success of the approach including continence rates and lack of need for long-term self-intermittent catheterisation is noted. OBJECTIVE:     To review the technique and outcomes of using a dorsal vaginal graft to perform urethroplasty for the treatment of @entity3832 in @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS:     This is a retrospective chart review of 11 @entity1 who were treated with a dorsal vaginal graft urethroplasty by one surgeon.     All @entity1 underwent preoperative evaluation that included history, physical examination, fluoro-urodynamics and urethral calibration.     After surgery interviews, physical examinations, and urinary flow and postvoid residual urine volumes (PVRs) were obtained. RESULTS:     In all, 11 @entity1 who had undergone dorsal vaginal graft urethroplasty were identified for review. The mean (range) age was 60.6 (39-75) years. The mean (range) follow-up was 22.7 (6-46) months.     There were no cases of new onset stress @entity322 . The mean PVRs before and after surgery were 187.1 mL and 75.8 mL, respectively (P = 0.003). The mean urinary flows before and after surgery were 7.3 mL/s and 21.8 mL/s, respectively (P = 0.001).     No @entity1 has required repeat surgery.     Self-reporting satisfaction scores using the @entity1 Global Impression of Improvement showed that four @entity1 scored 1 (very much better), three scored 2 (much better), two @entity1 scored 3 (a little better), and one scored 4 (no change). Only one @entity1 scored a 5 (worse). CONCLUSION:     Dorsal graft urethroplasty with vaginal mucosa may be considered as a first-line option for definitive management of female @entity3832 . No consensus exists for the surgical treatment of female @entity3832 .

title: Dorsal vaginal graft urethroplasty for female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['buccal mucosal membrane, lingual mucosa']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture disease', 'urethral strictures']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture disease']

answer: @entity3832 :: (MESH:D014525,Disease) :: ['urethral stricture disease']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that cytokines as well as chemokines are important players in the pathogenesis of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). We aimed to compare cytokine and chemokine profiles in different types of cutaneous @entity1252 . We investigated lesional mRNA and protein expression of various cytokines and chemokines in @entity1 with chronic discoid @entity1252 (CDLE, n=15), @entity3830 ( @entity3830 , n=11), and @entity1252 ( @entity1252 , n=21). @entity310 , INF-y, @entity2533 , @entity650 , @entity688 , IL-12p40, @entity373 , and @entity371 mRNA expression were significantly increased in @entity3830 when compared to CDLE. Moreover, @entity1252 also showed significantly increased mRNA expression of @entity310 , @entity2533 , @entity688 , IL-12p40 and @entity373 , as compared to CDLE. In all @entity1252 subtypes, @entity373 and @entity371 mRNA expression significantly correlated with INF-y mRNA expression, as indicated by r-values ranging from 0.71 - 0.87. Immunohistochemistry for @entity310 , INF-y, and @entity688 gave support to our RT-PCR results. In conclusion, our results suggest that T helper 1, as well as T helper 2 cytokines are differentially expressed in CDLE, @entity3830 , and @entity1252 . Compared to CDLE, the highest cytokine and chemokine ligand profiles are found in @entity3830 followed by @entity1252 . Our correlation studies also support the importance of an IFN-driven inflammation in cutaneous @entity1252 .

title: Cytokine and chemokine ligand expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematosus tumidus', 'LET', 'lupus erythematosus', 'LE']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['subacute cutaneous LE', 'SCLE']

answer: @entity3830 :: (MESH:D008178,Disease) :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus']


abstract: In the context of @entity788 , @entity3 remains the most critical determinant of resectability, and hence survival. The objective of this study was to determine whether Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a role in @entity788 and @entity3 because this is likely to have profound clinical implications. In @entity788 cell lines, Hh inhibition with @entity5050 resulted in down-regulation of snail and up-regulation of @entity5962 , consistent with inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and was mirrored by a striking reduction of in vitro invasive capacity (P < 0.0001). Conversely, @entity8889 overexpression in immortalized @entity1 pancreatic ductal epithelial cells led to a markedly invasive phenotype (P < 0.0001) and near total down-regulation of @entity5962 . In an orthotopic xenograft model, @entity5050 profoundly inhibited metastatic spread; only one of seven @entity5050 -treated @entity19 developed pulmonary micrometastases versus seven of seven @entity19 with multiple macrometastases in control animals. Combination of @entity136 and @entity5050 completely abrogated @entity3 while also significantly reducing the size of "primary" @entity5 . @entity8889 levels were up-regulated in tissue samples of metastatic @entity1 @entity788 samples compared with matched @entity5 . @entity264 dehydrogenase (ALDH) overexpression is characteristic for both hematopoietic progenitors and leukemic stem cells; @entity5050 preferentially reduced "ALDH-high" cells by approximately 3-fold (P = 0.048). We confirm pharmacologic Hh pathway inhibition as a valid therapeutic strategy for @entity788 and show for the first time its particular efficacy against metastatic spread. By targeting specific cellular subpopulations likely involved in @entity5 initiation at metastatic sites, Hh inhibitors may provide a new paradigm for therapy of disseminated @entity5 , particularly when used in combination with conventional antimetabolites that reduce "bulk" @entity5 size.

title: Blockade of hedgehog signaling inhibits @entity788 and XXXX : a new paradigm for combination therapy in solid @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer invasion', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5050 :: ('MESH:C000541', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopamine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldehyde']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate appropriateness of antithrombotic use to prevent @entity64 in @entity955 . DESIGN, @entity1 : 344 @entity1 with @entity955 , stratified by age, were assessed clinically for contraindications to anticoagulation and @entity64 risk. The use of @entity1229 and @entity117 was compared with recommendations for anticoagulation derived from pooled clinical trial data. RESULTS: Low risk of @entity64 was seen in 47 (14%) @entity1 , moderate risk in 213 (62%), and high risk in 84 (24%) @entity1 included in the sample (mean (SD) age 68.4 (17.2) years, 42% @entity1 ). The proportion of patients requiring anticoagulation varied from 258/344 (75%) to 72/344 (21%) depending upon criteria used, of whom 86/258 (33%) and 36/72 (50%) were receiving @entity1229 , respectively. @entity1229 or @entity117 were not being used in 124/297 (42%) @entity1 with moderate to high risk, whereas anticoagulation was being undertaken in 13/47 (27%) @entity1 at low risk of @entity64 . Antithrombotic use ( @entity1229 or @entity117 ) was significantly less common in @entity1 over 75 years of age, regardless of absence of contraindications and eligibility according to various criteria (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A clear need for anticoagulation using clinical criteria existed in about 25% of @entity1 in @entity955 presenting to medical clinics who were at high risk of @entity64 . Of these, only 50% of eligible @entity1 were being anticoagulated. Appropriate anticoagulation needs to be based on risk assessment rather than age. Consensus is therefore needed on appropriate antithrombotic use in clinical practice.

title: Use of antithrombotic measures for XXXX prevention in @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Binding of @entity12 ( @entity12 ) or an agonistic anti-Fas receptor (Fas/ @entity1197 ) antibody induces apoptosis in Fas-bearing target cells. The involvement of Fas/ @entity12 pathway has been investigated in @entity1 @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) cells. Fas/ @entity1197 is expressed on a majority of @entity3052 cells, although the intensity of expression is variable. The cross-linking with anti-Fas antibody can induce apoptotic cell death in certain cases of @entity3052 . When DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression are enhanced by growth-promoting cytokines, such as @entity42250 , Fas-insensitive @entity3052 cells acquire cellular susceptibility toward Fas-mediated apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis reveals that Fas-mediated apoptotic signals can be transduced into cells in G1B compartment and @entity16079 -->G1B transition might support the induction of Fas-mediated apoptosis. In addition, Fas-mediated apoptotic cell death of @entity3052 cells is also induced by @entity1199 -activated T cells expressing functional @entity12 on their surfaces. @entity3457 cells express a large amount of @entity12 mRNA, compared with freshly isolated T cells. The Fas/ @entity12 pathway seems to be the major mechanism of T cell-mediated apoptosis in @entity3052 cells, although alternative mechanisms can also be operative. The induction of apoptosis in Fas/ @entity12 system might be a novel and effective approach for @entity1778 immunotherapy.

title: Fas receptor ( XXXX )-mediated apoptosis in leukemic cells.

entities_list: @entity42250 :: ('3562;1437', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Activated T']

answer: @entity1197 :: (355,Gene) :: ['CD95']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to obtain information on factors affecting the medium-term efficacy of arthroscopy (debridement or microfracturing of @entity154 ) in @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee. METHODS: A total of 156 @entity1 (71 @entity1 and 85 @entity1 ; mean age, 51.6 +/- 8.7 years [range, 37 to 69 years]) with isolated Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 medial-compartment knee @entity571 underwent arthroscopy and were followed up. @entity1 with patellofemoral or lateral-compartment @entity571 were excluded. The @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score was determined in all @entity1 . The outcome was rated poor if this score was less than 114 points or if further surgery was required. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by use of multiple logistic regression adjusted for significantly associated factors. RESULTS: Follow-up was performed in 92.9% of the @entity1 , at a mean of 49.2 +/- 2.1 months (range, 47 to 54 months). The outcome was poor in 104 @entity1 (71.7%). There were no gender differences. Factors significantly associated with a poor outcome were a history of @entity571 for greater than 24 months (OR, 3.6), @entity28 (OR, 8.8), smoking (OR, 3.1), medial tibial osteophytes (OR, 5.4), medial joint space width on standing radiographs of less than 5 mm (OR, 7.3), absence of effusion (OR, 6.5), absence of @entity603 (OR, 6.1), presence of @entity8679 (OR, 4.3), deep tibial cartilage defect (OR, 12.5), and need for subtotal or total meniscectomy (OR, 2.2). @entity1 with more than 4 of these factors had significantly poorer outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The medium-term outcome of arthroscopy in unicompartmental @entity571 of the knee is poor in about 71.7% of the cases. In this study the outcome did not depend exclusively on the articular findings. @entity1 age was not associated with a poor outcome. However, a history of @entity571 for more than 2 years, @entity28 , smoking, tibial osteophytes, and joint space narrowing of less 5 mm were associated with a poor outcome. @entity1 with 4 or more of these factors should be managed with treatment other than arthroscopy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

title: Factors affecting the outcome of arthroscopy in medial-compartment XXXX of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['chondral defects']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['unicompartmental osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee Injury']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity8679 :: ('MESH:C535939', 'Disease') :: ['crystal deposits']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if the combination of scheduled sleep periods and stimulant medications were more effective than stimulant medications alone in controlling the excessive @entity25 experienced by @entity2724 @entity1 . DESIGN: Twenty-nine treated @entity2724 subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) two 15-minute naps per day; 2) a regular schedule for nocturnal sleep; or 3) a combination of scheduled naps and regular bedtimes. Measures of symptom severity and unscheduled daytime were obtained at baseline and at the end of the two-week treatment period, using the Narcolepsy Symptom Status Questionnaire (NSSQ) and 24-hour ambulatory polysomnographic monitoring. No alterations were made in stimulant medications during the study period. SETTING: N/A. @entity1 OR @entity1 : N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The addition of two-15 minute naps did not alter either symptom severity or the duration of unscheduled daytime sleep. Regular times for nocturnal sleep reduced perceived symptom severity, but did not reduce the amount of unscheduled daytime sleep. Only the combination of scheduled naps and regular nocturnal sleep times, significantly reduced both symptom severity and the amount of unscheduled daytime sleep in treated @entity2724 subjects. The type of sleep schedule prescribed, however, was less important than the severity of the @entity1 ' pre-treatment @entity25 . Subjects with severe @entity25 benefited from the addition of scheduled sleep periods, while those who were only moderately sleepy or able to maintain alertness did not benefit from scheduled sleep periods. CONCLUSIONS: Scheduled sleep periods are helpful for only those @entity1 who remain profoundly sleepy despite stimulant medications and should not be prescribed for all @entity1 with @entity2724 .

title: A comparison of three different sleep schedules for reducing XXXX in @entity2724 .

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy', 'narcoleptic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['daytime sleepiness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To inspect cigarettes with a triple granular filter for charcoal granules on the cut filter surface and, if present, to determine whether the charcoal granules on the filter are released during smoking. DESIGN: 400 @entity43981 cigarettes in 20 packs were examined individually by each of three investigators for the presence of charcoal granules on the cut surface of the cellulose @entity598 filter. Without removing the cigarettes from the pack, the filters were examined with a stereo zoom microscope for charcoal granules. The percentage of cigarettes that had charcoal granules was defined, and charcoal granules on each filter were counted. Randomly selected cigarettes were then smoked by consenting adult smokers to assess whether the charcoal granules were released during smoking. @entity43981 cigarettes were smoked with a conventional cigarette holder that had been configured to contain an in-line membrane. After smoking, the membrane was analysed microscopically for charcoal granules and other components of the filter that had been released during smoking. RESULTS: Charcoal granules were observed in 79.8% (319/400) of the cigarettes examined. The number of granules per cigarette was 3.3 (SD 3.7). Gaps between the tipping papers--the wrapping papers that surround the filter--were often seen (70%; 242 (71); n = 400 cigarettes). Further, the charcoal cavity was about 60% empty. For all smokers (n = 8/8), charcoal granules were released during smoking. The number of charcoal granules captured on the membranes was 22.5 (16.2) per cigarette. CONCLUSIONS: Charcoal granules are incorporated into cigarette filters to aid in removing toxins in cigarette smoke. In studies of @entity43981 , a popular American cigarette with a charcoal filter, charcoal granules were observed on the filter surface, and were released from the filter when the cigarettes were smoked. During smoking, the toxin-containing charcoal granules are inhaled or ingested. The specific adverse health effects of inhaling or ingesting @entity505 granules have not been addressed; nevertheless, the smoker, as an educated consumer, should be informed of the possible health risks.

title: Release of XXXX granules from cigarettes with charcoal filters.

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: The aim of this exploratory phase II study was to evaluate sequential chemotherapy with @entity3003 followed by @entity136 - @entity1311 combination in chemonaive @entity1 with advanced @entity43 . The primary objective was to evaluate @entity74 ( @entity74 ); secondary objectives included the evaluation of 1- and 3-year survival, response rates, and @entity137 . Following initial debulking surgery or biopsy, @entity1 with FIGO stage IIC-IV disease received four cycles of @entity3003 area under the curve (AUC) 6 (day 1) every 21 days, followed by four cycles of @entity136 1000 mg/m(2) (days 1 and 8) and @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) (day 8) every 21 days. A total of 47 @entity1 enrolled, 44 (93.6%) completed the initial four cycles, and 39 @entity1 (82.9%) completed the planned eight cycles. The median and maximum lengths of follow-up were 31.2 and 43.7 months, respectively. Median @entity74 was 13.8 months (95% CI, 11.6-21.0 months), and median survival time was 31.2 months (95% CI, 25.2-39.6 months). Survival at 1 and 3 years was 95.7% and 44.2%, respectively. Of the 43 evaluable @entity1 , most (95.3%) of them achieved a CA-125 marker response based on @entity5 Intergroup (GCIG) definition. The partial response rate in the seven @entity1 with measurable disease was 46.4%. Myelosuppression was the major @entity137 , with grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 observed in 76.6% @entity1 and @entity882 in 12.8% @entity1 . The sequential approach of @entity3003 followed by @entity136 - @entity1311 as first-line treatment for @entity1 with @entity43 is feasible and well tolerated, and depending upon the findings from other major trials, it may merit further evaluation.

title: Phase II study of @entity3003 followed by sequential XXXX and @entity1311 as first-line treatment for advanced @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Gynecologic Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['time to progressive disease', 'TTPD']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: Vergence is one of several viewing contexts that require an increase in the angular vestibular-ocular reflex (aVOR) response. A previous monkey study found that the vergence-mediated gain (eye/head velocity) increase of the aVOR was attenuated by 64  % when anodic currents, which preferentially lower the activity of irregularly firing vestibular afferents, were delivered to both labyrinths. We sought to determine whether there was similar evidence implicating a role for irregular afferents in the vergence-mediated gain increase of the @entity1 aVOR. Our study is based upon analysis of the aVOR evoked by @entity717 , delivered passively while subjects viewed a near (15  cm) or far (124  cm) target and applying @entity394 ( @entity394 ) via surface electrodes. We tested 12 subjects during 2-3 sessions each. Vestibular stimuli consisted of passive @entity717 (sinusoids from 0.05-3  Hz and 12-25  /s, and transients with peak ~15  , 50  /s, 500  /s(2)) and head-on-body impulses (peak ~30  , 150  /s, 3,000  /s(2)). @entity394 was on for 10  s every 20  s. All polarity combinations were tested, with emphasis on uni- and bi-lateral anodic inhibition. The average stimulus current was 5.9      1.6  mA (range: 3-9.5  mA), vergence angle (during near viewing) was 22.6      2.8   and slow-phase eye velocity caused by left anodic current stimulation with head stationary was -3.4      1.1  /s, -0.2      0.6  /s and 2.5      1.4  /s (torsion, vertical, horizontal). No statistically significant @entity394 effects were observed, suggesting that surface electrode @entity394 has no effect on the vergence-mediated gain increase of the aVOR at the current levels (~6  mA) tolerated by most @entity1 . We conclude that clinically practical transmastoid @entity394 does not effectively silence irregular afferents and hypothesize that currents >10  mA are needed to reproduce the monkey results.

title: Transmastoid galvanic stimulation does not affect the vergence-mediated gain increase of the XXXX angular vestibulo-ocular reflex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotations', 'whole-body rotations']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['GVS', 'galvanic vestibular stimulation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ovarian @entity5 include benign lesions lacking invasive and metastatic abilities ( @entity9296 ) in addition to malignant lesions ( @entity189 ). An intermediate category, called @entity5 of low malignant potential (LMP), is also recognized. The merit of this classification is being challenged because the clinical behavior of @entity5 appears closer to that of @entity9296 than to that of @entity189 . PURPOSE: To verify our hypothesis that the expression of the enzyme telomerase distinguishes these two categories of @entity43 , we examined and compared such expression in @entity43 and @entity189 . By examining the expression of telomerase in @entity5 , we then sought to determine if these @entity5 were more closely related to @entity189 with regard to telomerase expression. METHODS: We examined a total of 64 consecutive @entity43 subdivided into 20 @entity189 , 17 @entity5 , and 27 @entity9296 . We subsequently discarded three of the 27 @entity9296 because of the presence of admixed normal ovarian stroma in those specimens. @entity5 subtyping was done without knowledge of the telomerase results, and telomerase assays were likewise interpreted without knowledge of @entity5 types. Telomerase activity was determined by use of the TRAP (i.e., telomeric repeat amplification protocol) assay. Differences between the proportions of @entity5 expressing this enzyme in each subgroup were evaluated by use of Fisher's exact test (two-sided). RESULTS: Telomerase activity was detected in all 20 @entity189 and in all 17 @entity5 examined. In contrast, it was not detected in 19 of the 24 @entity9296 . These differences between rates of telomerase expression in either @entity5 and those in @entity9296 were statistically significant (P<.0001). All five of the telomerase-positive @entity9296 belonged to a variant called @entity18660 , whereas none of the telomerase-negative @entity9296 belonged to this variant (P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The presence of telomerase expression in @entity43 supports the merit of continuing to separate these @entity5 from @entity9296 , in spite of their apparent benign clinical course. The finding of telomerase expression in @entity18660 suggests that such @entity5 may be mechanistically related to @entity5 and should perhaps be reclassified as variants of @entity5 . Lack of telomerase expression in @entity43 raises questions about the alleged immortality of these @entity5 because expression of this enzyme is thought to be essential for continuous growth in @entity5 .

title: Telomerase activity in benign and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian epithelial tumors', 'ovarian tumors', 'ovarian LMP tumors', 'ovarian cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['LMP tumors', 'tumor', 'carcinomas or LMP tumors', 'Tumor', 'adult tumors', 'epithelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'cystadenomas or to carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity18660 :: ('MESH:D018292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['malignant epithelial ovarian tumors']


abstract: It has been widely accepted that @entity1 females are born with a non-renewing, finite pool of oocytes that will be continuously cleared by @entity1146 , with only a small proportion of them reaching ovulation. Apoptosis regulates this mass germ cell death, especially through the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins encoded by the @entity588 gene family. The caviomorph rodent Lagostomus maximus, the South American plains viscacha, displays the highest ovulation rate known for a @entity1 releasing 400-800 eggs per cycle. We tested the hypothesis that in L. maximus massive polyovulation is a consequence of reduced apoptosis resulting in suppressed follicular @entity1146 . We found that anti-apoptotic @entity588 gene is markedly expressed in all kind of follicles from primordial to fully mature antral stages in the adult ovary of L. maximus. On the other hand, pro-apoptotic @entity589 gene showed weak signals or was undetectable by immunohistochemical examination. Western blot against both proteins confirmed immunohistochemical results. Screening for DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay was conspicuously negative in ovaries from both pregnant and non-pregnant females. In addition, alpha- @entity2931 receptor also showed an enhanced expression from primordial stage to fully mature antral follicles. Our results show that natural preferential expression of @entity588 and restricted @entity589 expression greatly suppresses apoptosis in the ovary of L. maximus. This prevents the decline of the oocyte reserve by @entity7979 and enables the highest ovulation rate known for a @entity1 , 400-800 or more eggs per cycle.

title: Naturally suppressed apoptosis prevents follicular XXXX and oocyte reserve decline in the adult ovary of Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Caviomorpha).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'mammal']

entities_list: @entity7979 :: ('MESH:D005497', 'Disease') :: ['abolishing follicular atresia']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Statin use may be associated with increased musculoskeletal adverse events, especially in physically active individuals. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether statin use is associated with @entity85 , including @entity2720 and injury, in a military health care system. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching. SETTING: San Antonio Military Multi-Market. @entity1 : Tricare Prime/Plus beneficiaries evaluated from October 1, 2003, to @entity3490 , 2010. INTERVENTIONS: Statin use during fiscal year 2005. On the basis of medication fills, @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: @entity6817 users (received a statin for at least 90 days) and nonusers (never received a statin throughout the study period). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Using @entity1 ' baseline characteristics, we generated a propensity score that was used to match statin users and nonusers; odds ratios (ORs) were determined for each outcome measure. Secondary analyses determined adjusted ORs for all @entity1 who met study criteria and a subgroup of @entity1 with no comorbidities identified using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Sensitivity analysis further determined adjusted ORs for a subgroup of @entity1 with no @entity85 at baseline and a subgroup of @entity1 who continued statin therapy for 2 years or more. The occurrence of @entity85 was determined using prespecified groups of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, ClinicalModification codes: @entity29772 , all @entity85 ; Msk1a, @entity2720 and related diseases; Msk1b, @entity66 ( @entity3029 , @entity6475 , strain); and @entity38050 , @entity4512 . RESULTS: A total of 46 249 individuals met study criteria (13 626 statin users and 32 623 nonusers). Of these, we propensity score-matched 6967 statin users with 6967 nonusers. Among matched pairs, statin users had a higher OR for @entity29772 (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08-1.30), Msk1b (1.13; 1.05-1.21), and @entity38050 (1.09; 1.02-1.18); the OR for Msk1a was 1.07 (0.99-1.16; P = .07). Secondary and sensitivity analyses revealed higher adjusted ORs for statin users in all outcome groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Musculoskeletal conditions, @entity2720 , @entity130 , and @entity158 are more common among statin users than among similar nonusers. The full spectrum of statins' musculoskeletal adverse events may not be fully explored, and further studies are warranted, especially in physically active individuals.

title: @entity6817 and XXXX , @entity2720 , and @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['drug-associated musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy', 'arthropathies']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal diseases', 'musculoskeletal conditions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal conditions']


abstract: A novel avian-origin @entity778 infecting @entity1 was first identified in March 2013 and, as of 30 May 2013, has caused 132 @entity1 infections leading to 33 @entity204 . Phylogenetic studies suggest that this virus is a reassortant, with the surface hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes being derived from @entity4186 and wild-bird viruses, respectively, while the six "internal gene segments" were derived from poultry H9N2 viruses. Here we determine the pathogenicity of a @entity1 A/Shanghai/2/2013 ( @entity41581 ) virus in healthy adult @entity19 in comparison with that of A/ @entity1573 /Hong Kong/HH8/2010 (ck/H9N2) virus, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/Hong Kong/483/1997 (483/H5N1) virus, and a @entity4186 influenza A H7N9 virus of different genetic derivation, A/ @entity4186 /Jiangxi/3286/2009 (dk/H7N9). Intranasal infection of @entity19 with @entity41581 virus doses of 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) PFU led to significant @entity353 without @entity3329 . This virus was more pathogenic than dk/H7N9 and ck/H9N2 virus, which has six internal gene segments that are genetically similar to @entity41581 . @entity41581 replicated well in the nasal cavity and lung, but there was no evidence of virus dissemination beyond the respiratory tract. @entity19 infected with @entity41581 produced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the lung and serum than did ck/H9N2 and dk/H7N9 but lower levels than 483/H5N1. Cytokine induction was positively correlated with virus load in the lung at early stages of infection. Our results suggest that @entity41581 virus is able to replicate and cause disease in @entity19 without prior adaptation but is less pathogenic than 483/H5N1 virus. IMPORTANCE: An H7N9 virus isolate causing fatal @entity1 disease was found to be more pathogenic for @entity19 than other avian H9N2 or H7N9 viruses but less pathogenic than the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) H5N1. Similarly, the ability of @entity41581 to elicit proinflammatory cytokines in the lung and serum of @entity19 was intermediate to ck/H9N2 and dk/H7N9 on the one hand and HPAI H5N1 on the other. These findings accord with the observed epidemiology in @entity1 , in whom, as with seasonal influenza viruses, H7N9 viruses cause severe disease predominantly in older @entity1 while HPAI H5N1 can cause severe @entity1576 and @entity204 in @entity1 and young adults.

title: Pathogenicity of the novel A/H7N9 influenza virus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A/H7N9 virus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of pedometer-based physical activity recommendations in predicting childhood @entity1386 . DESIGN: Subjects (n=608) (9.6 years) were from two Midwestern USA communities. Physical activity was assessed by a pedometer. The percentage of subjects meeting physical activity recommendations was determined using published recommendations. Overweight and @entity28 were determined based on reference values for the body mass index (BMI) developed by the International Obesity Task Force. An elevated waist circumference (WC) was determined based on age- and sex-specific reference values >75th percentile. RESULTS: @entity1 who did not meet the pedometer recommendations were about two times more likely to be overweight/ @entity28 and have an elevated WC compared with those meeting recommendations. The BMI and WC were significantly different across pedometer step count groups in males and females. CONCLUSION: Subjects not meeting the recommendations for steps per day were more likely to be classified with the overweight phenotype than those meeting the recommendation. A dose-response relationship between pedometer steps per day and @entity1386 is also apparent.

title: Utility of pedometer step recommendations for predicting overweight in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Now that most @entity1 with @entity3969 are cured, it is practicable to study the long-term morbidity of their treatment and use this information to reduce treatment sequelae in the future. In this study we evaluate the size and function of the remaining kidney in 53 survivors of @entity3969 with a mean off treatment follow-up of 13 years. There was evidence of @entity8 in 17 (32%), including ten (19%) with a low GFR (< 80 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m2SA), six (11%) with @entity101 and five (9%) with increased urinary albumin excretion. Measurements of renal size showed 'good' renal @entity1184 in only 55% of @entity1 . 'Good' refers to renal size of more than 2 s.d. above the mean renal length for @entity1 with two kidneys. There were no correlations between GFR, renal size, blood pressure, microalbuminuria or type of treatment. However, @entity1 less than 24 months at diagnosis and @entity1 receiving chemotherapy with radiation doses to remaining kidney of more than 1200 cGy had a worse renal prognosis. @entity1 whose @entity3969 is diagnosed in infancy should have careful long-term follow-up of renal function and size. Older @entity1 may safely be followed up less often, unless their remaining kidney was received > 1200 cGy.

title: Renal size and function after cure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumour"]

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumour']


abstract: Three biological rhythms (locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma @entity2819 ) were measured simultaneously in individual @entity35 under light-dark cycles and continuous light. Spontaneous locomotor activity was recorded on an Animex and body temperature was telemetrically monitored throughout the experiments. Blood samples were obtained serially at 2-h intervals on the experimental days. Phase angles of these rhythms were calculated by a least-squares spectrum analysis. Under light-dark cycles, the acrophases of locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma @entity2819 were found at 0029, 0106, and 1940 h, respectively. When @entity35 were exposed to 200 lx continuous light, locomotor activity and body temperature showed free-running rhythms with a period of 25.2 h on the average. Plasma @entity2819 levels determined at 12 days after exposure to continuous light exhibited a circadian rhythm with the acrophase shifted to 0720. The acrophases of locomotor activity and body temperature, determined simultaneously on the same day, were found to be located at 1303 and 1358 h, respectively. Phase-angle differences among the three rhythms on the 12th day of continuous light were essentially the same with those under the light-dark cycle. These results suggest that circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma @entity2819 are most probably coupled to a common internal oscillator in the @entity35 .

title: Internal synchronization among several circadian rhythms in XXXX under constant light.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) is caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat in the @entity25864 ( @entity25864 ) gene. The R6/2 @entity19 model of @entity2033 expresses a mutant version of exon 1 @entity25864 and develops motor and @entity73 , a widespread @entity25864 ( @entity25864 ) aggregate pathology and @entity1010 . Despite the vast number of studies that have been performed on this model, the association between the molecular and cellular neuropathology with @entity1010 , and with the development of behavioral phenotypes remains poorly understood. In an attempt to link these factors, we have performed longitudinal assessments of behavior (rotarod, open field, passive avoidance) and of regional @entity75 abnormalities determined through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (whole @entity75 , striatum, cortex, hippocampus, corpus callosum), as well as an end-stage histological assessment. Detailed correlative analyses of these three measures were then performed. We found a gender-dependent emergence of @entity73 that was associated with an age-related loss of regional @entity75 volumes. MRI measurements further indicated that there was no striatal @entity194 , but rather a lack of striatal growth beyond 8 weeks of age. T2 relaxivity further indicated tissue-level changes within @entity75 regions. Despite these dramatic motor and @entity854 , R6/2 @entity19 did not exhibit @entity528 in the striatum or motor cortex, although there was a significant increase in neuronal density due to tissue @entity194 . The deposition of the mutant @entity25864 (mHTT) protein, the hallmark of @entity2033 molecular pathology, was widely distributed throughout the @entity75 . End-stage histopathological assessments were not found to be as robustly correlated with the longitudinal measures of @entity1010 or @entity73 . In conclusion, modeling pre-manifest and early progression of the disease in more slowly progressing animal models will be key to establishing which changes are causally related.

title: Correlations of behavioral deficits with XXXX pathology assessed through longitudinal MRI and histopathology in the R6/2 @entity19 model of @entity2033 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments', 'motor impairments']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['neuroanatomical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain']