abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the collaborative data of 3 major European Vascular Units using the 'visceral hybrid' procedure for thoraco-abdominal @entity449 . METHODS: A consecutive series of 107 urgent and elective high-risk @entity1 were included in a prospectively collected database. RESULTS: All stents involved the entire thoracic and abdominal aorta with left subclavian coverage in 19 and revascularisation in 12. The distal landing zone was in the infra-renal aorta in 75% and in the iliac artery in 25%. The 30-day mortality rate was 16/107 (14.95%). 13/107 (12.1%) of the @entity1 suffered @entity602 which was complete and permanent in 9/12 (8.4%). 4 @entity1 (3.7%) required long term dialysis and a segment of gut infarction requiring resection occurred in 3 (2.8%). Most @entity1 had visceral bypass grafting and aortic stent-grafting performed in one stage. In 18 @entity1 the stenting was performed later. Three of these @entity1 ruptured before the stenting procedure was undertaken. CONCLUSION: These early results of visceral hybrid repair for high-risk @entity1 with complex thoraco-abdominal aortic @entity439 are encouraging, in a group of @entity1 in whom fenestrated/branched stent-grafting is not an option and open surgery hazardous.

title: The visceral hybrid repair of thoraco-abdominal aortic XXXX --a collaborative approach.

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms and dissections']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity652 rate (ADR) is a quality indicator for colonoscopy. @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) imaging has been reported to increase polyp detection rates. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to compare @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) and @entity652 rate (ADR) before and after the implementation of @entity2101 colonoscopy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity1 aged 48-55  years old, who underwent first-time screening colonoscopy. The first group underwent standard-definition (SD) colonoscopy in the first 6  months of 2011. The second group underwent screening with @entity2101 colonoscopy during the first 6  months of 2012. We compared age, gender, @entity1127 , ADR, and average sizes of @entity6523 between gastroenterologist and colorectal surgeon and among physicians themselves. Statistical analysis was performed with Fischer's exact test and Pearson Chi-square. RESULTS: A total of 1268 @entity1 were involved in the study (634 in each group). @entity1127 (35.6 vs. 48.2  %, p  <  0.001) and ADR (22.2 vs. 30.4  %, p  =  0.02) were higher in the @entity2101 group. The average size of an @entity6523 was the same in the two groups (0.58 vs. 0.57, p  =  0.69). However, this difference was not seen among colorectal surgeons @entity1127 (35.7 vs. 37  %, p  =  0.789), ADR (22.9 vs. 24.5  % p  =  0.513), but clearly seen among gastroenterologist, @entity1127 (35.6 vs. 53.1  % p  <  0.001) and ADR (21.9 vs. 32.9  % p  <  0.001). When @entity1127 were categorized into size groups, there was no difference in ADR between the two timeframes (<5  mm in size (41.5 vs. 35.4  %), 5-10  mm (49.3 vs. 60.1  %) and >10  mm (9.2 vs. 4.5  %), p  =  0.07). @entity1127 were most commonly seen in the sigmoid colon (26.1 vs. 24.7  %). There was no difference in the rate of synchronous polyp detection between modalities (25.6 vs. 29  %, p  =  0.51). Withdrawal time was the same in both procedure (9.2 vs. 8.5  min, p  =  0.10). CONCLUSION: Screening colonoscopy with high-definition technology significantly improved both @entity1127 and ADR. In addition, high-definition colonoscopy may be particularly useful and advantageous among less experienced endoscopists in various community settings. However, there needs to be application to specific @entity1 populations in future studies to assess for any statistical differences between standard- and high-definition modalities to determine clinical utility.

title: @entity2101 colonoscopy increases XXXX rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyp detection rate', 'polyps', 'PDR', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps', 'adenomatous polyp']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'High-definition']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma detection']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma detection']


abstract: Identification of @entity1 brain structures in MR images comprises an area of increasing interest, which also presents numerous methodological challenges. Here we describe a new knowledge-based automated method designed to identify several major brain sulci and then to define the frontal lobes by using the identified sulci as landmarks. To identify brain sulci, sulcal images were generated by morphologic operations and then separated into different components based on connectivity analysis. Subsequently, the individual anatomic features were evaluated by using fuzzy membership functions. The crisp decisions, i.e., the identification of sulci, were made by taking the maximum of the summation of all the membership functions. The identification was designed in a hierarchical order. The longitudinal fissure was extracted first. The left and right central sulci were then identified based on the left and right hemispheres. Next, the lateral sulci were identified based on the central sulci and hemispheres. Finally, the left and @entity75 were defined from the two hemispheres. The method was evaluated by @entity227 , comparison with manual segmentation, and comparison with manually volumetric results in references. The average Jaccard similarities of left and @entity75 between the automated and manual segmentation were 0.89 and 0.91, respectively. The average Kappa indices of left and @entity75 between the automated and manual segmentation were 0.94 and 0.95, respectively. These results show relatively high accuracy of using this novel method for @entity1 frontal lobe identification and segmentation.

title: Automated XXXX frontal lobe identification in MR images based on fuzzy-logic encoded expert anatomic knowledge.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual inspection']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right frontal lobes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Few studies have compared two or more cohorts of cirrhotic @entity1 admitted for upper @entity360 (UGIB) several decades apart. Our aim was to compare epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of UGIB (whatever the source) in two cohorts of cirrhotic @entity1 admitted to the emergency room of the same general hospital 2 decades apart. METHODS: One-hundred cases of UGIB in cirrhotic @entity1 consecutively admitted between 1984 and 1990 (cohort A) were compared with 100 similar cases admitted between 2004 and 2009 (cohort B). RESULTS: The sex ratio (M/F: 2/1), mean age (approximately 55Y) and the proportion of @entity1 with @entity7160 (approximately 80%) did not change. Mean @entity1 -Pugh score and the proportion of @entity1 in @entity1 -Pugh stage C increased from 7.6 and 19% in cohort A to 8.8 and 35% in cohort B (p < 0.001). Therapeutic intervention was performed during initial endoscopy in 13 cases from cohort A and 50 from cohort B (p < 0.001), respectively. The number of transfused @entity1 (85 in cohort A, 58 in cohort B) and the number of red blood cell units administered on the first day (median: 4 in cohort A, 2 in cohort B) were significantly decreased in cohort B (p < 0.001). The rate of rebleeding (45 in cohort A, 11 in cohort B), the need for rescue surgery (8 in cohort A, 0 in cohort B) and the in-hospital mortality (24 in cohort A, 9 in cohort B) significantly decreased in the more recent cohort (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that several characteristics of cirrhotic @entity1 admitted with UGIB have changed over the past 2 decades. Above all, outcome has improved despite an increase in the severity of @entity82 .

title: XXXX in @entity82 : changes and advances over the past two decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was first implicated in the process of transformation when one of its peptide chains was found to be homologous to the viral sis oncogene (v-sis). Since that time, there have been multiple demonstrations of the transforming activity of v-sis in fibroblasts. Because of the near identity of the v-sis protein with the @entity6006 , v-sis is thought to transform through an autocrine stimulatory mechanism of cell growth. Consistent with this view are studies which demonstrate inhibition of v-sis-mediated transformation by anti-PDGF antibodies. Expression of the cellular sis gene ( @entity6006 ) and its receptors, and secretion of PDGF-like factors have been demonstrated in many types of @entity1 malignant cells. Nevertheless, a causative role for @entity6006 in inducing or maintaining the transformed phenotype in @entity1 @entity5 remains to be established. There are significant differences in structure between v-sis and @entity6006 . Studies of transforming ability have yielded conflicting results in transfection models, depending on the transfected vector and target cell type utilized. While there is compelling evidence for the involvement of PDGF in an autocrine growth mechanism in transformed fibroblasts, the evidence in @entity1 @entity5 types is less convincing because PDGF receptors are usually not detectable on the cell surface. The recent demonstration of intracellular co-localization of active PDGF precursors and PDGF receptors, however, supports the existence of an internal autocrine pathway independent of PDGF secretion. Further investigation of such a mechanism in de novo @entity1 @entity5 is warranted to establish the role of PDGF in the development of these @entity5 .

title: Platelet-derived growth factor in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'epithelial tumor', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: Electron microscopy was used to study the characteristics of uptake of the protein tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), by the @entity2172 . Two types of experimental @entity2346 media were used: @entity2171 media (SOM) produced by eustachian tube obstruction and @entity2266 media (POM) produced by inoculation of @entity328 type 7F. HRP was placed in each tympanic bulla for either 1 min or 10 min. In the 1-min installation of HRP, the degree of HRP uptake was higher in SOM and POM animals than in control animals. Following the 10-min installation of HRP, the degree of HRP uptake was higher in SOM and POM animals than in control animals. Following the 10-min installation of HRP, the degree of tracer uptake was almost the same as among the control, SOM and POM animals. The mechanism of uptake was pinocytosis. In another experiment, @entity18460 (mol. wt. 256) was used as a small tracer placed into the bulla to examine the permeability of epithelial tight junctions. No labelling of reaction product was observed in the tight junctions of the control, SOM or POM animals. These findings suggest that @entity2346 media increases the uptake of HRP by pinocytosis and that epithelial tight junctions remain intact in inflammation of the @entity2172 .

title: Uptake of horseradish peroxidase by the middle ear mucosa in experimentally induced XXXX media.

entities_list: @entity2266 :: ('MESH:D010035', 'Disease') :: ['purulent otitis']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear mucosa of chinchillas', 'middle ear cavity']

entities_list: @entity18460 :: ('MESH:C027802', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['serous otitis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The incidence of @entity209 including @entity28 , @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity209 have seriously increased in the last decades. These diseases - with growing impact in modern societies - constitute major risk factors for @entity179 such as @entity195 ( @entity195 ), sharing insulin resistance, @entity32 and associated @entity73 . However, cerebral cellular and molecular pathways involved are not yet clearly understood. Thus, our aim was to study the impact of a non-severe high fat diet (HFD) that resembles western-like alimentary habits, particularly involving juvenile stages where the brain physiology and connectivity are in plain maturation. To this end, one-month-old C57BL/6J male @entity19 were given either a control diet or HFD during 4 months. Exposure to HFD produced metabolic alterations along with changes in behavioral and central parameters, in the absence of @entity28 . Two-month-old HFD @entity19 showed increased glycemia and plasmatic @entity635 but these values normalized at the end of the HFD protocol at 5 months of age, probably representing an acute response that is compensated at later stages. After four months of HFD exposure, @entity19 presented @entity2299 , increased Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity, hepatic insulin resistance and @entity32 . Alterations in the behavioral profile of the HFD group were shown by the impediment in nest building behavior, deficiencies in short and mid-term spatial memories, anxious and @entity308 - like behavior. Regarding the latter disruptions in emotional processing, we found an increased neural activity in the amygdala, shown by a greater number of @entity9830 + nuclei. We found that hippocampal adult neurogenesis was decreased in HFD @entity19 , showing diminished cell proliferation measured as @entity14160 + cells and neuronal differentiation in SGZ by doublecortin labeling. These phenomena were accompanied by a neuroinflammatory and insulin-resistant state in the hippocampus, depicted by a reactive phenotype in @entity9271 + microglia cells (increased in number and soma size) and an impaired response to insulin given by decreased phosphorylated Akt levels and increased levels of inhibitory phosphorylation of @entity3241 . Our data portray a set of alterations in behavioral and neural parameters as a consequence of an early-life exposure to a quite moderate high fat diet, many of which can resemble @entity195 -related features. These results highly emphasize the need to study how @entity14827 are interrelated in deep, thus allowing the finding of successful preventive and therapeutic approaches.

title: Juvenile exposure to a high fat diet promotes behavioral and limbic alterations in the absence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Appendiceal mucocele is a rare cause of acute abdomen. @entity2466 represent 0.2-0.7% of all appendix specimens. The aim of this study is to report a case of a @entity2466 presented as @entity697 , discussing the clinical and surgical approach in the emergency setting. A 72-year-old female @entity1 was admitted to the emergency department with a clinical examination indicative of acute abdomen. The @entity1 underwent abdominal computed tomography scan which revealed a @entity5409 in the right iliac fossa measuring 8.3 * 5.2 * 4.1   cm, with calcified walls, and a mean density indicative of high protein content. The @entity1 was taken to the operating room and a right hemicolectomy was performed. The postoperative course was unremarkable. The histopathological examination revealed a low-grade @entity2466 with negative regional lymph nodes. Ultrasound and CT are useful in diagnosing @entity5 in the emergency setting. The initial operation should include appendectomy and resection of the appendicular mesenteric fat along with any fluid collection for cytologic examination. During urgent appendectomy it is important to consider every mucocele as malignant in order to avoid iatrogenic perforation causing @entity1725 . Although laparotomy is recommended, the laparoscopic approach is not contraindicated.

title: Diagnosis and Treatment of XXXX Presented as @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous appendiceal neoplasms', 'mucinous appendiceal neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal mucocele and synchronous cancers']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']

answer: @entity2466 :: (MESH:D001063,Disease) :: ['Mucinous Appendiceal Neoplasm']


abstract: Baculoviruses induce apoptotic responses in cultured insect cells, which can severely limit viral replication. To overcome this host response baculoviruses carry anti-apoptotic genes, including members of the p35 and inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) gene families. The baculovirus @entity31215 (HearNPV) carries two putative apoptosis suppressor genes ( @entity31216 and @entity31217 ), which we studied in more detail. IAPs are believed to be functional in the cytoplasm, but surprisingly, when transiently expressed as EGFP fusions, @entity31216 was evenly distributed throughout the cell, while @entity31217 was mainly found in the nucleus. The latter became evenly distributed in both compartments in @entity281 cells. When @entity31216 was deleted, HearNPV could be propagated in Hz2e5 cells, while an @entity31217 deletion was lethal. The HearNPV /\ @entity31217 mutant could be rescued by reinsertion of the HearNPV @entity31217 gene and by the well-studied anti-apoptotic genes Autographa californica (Ac)MNPV p35 or Orgyia pseudotsugata (Op)MNPV @entity31217 . RNAi analysis showed that HearNPV induced apoptosis in Hz2e5 cells transfected with @entity31217 dsRNA, while silencing of @entity31216 did not lead to apoptosis. Finally, @entity31217 was able to inhibit @entity4316 induced apoptosis when transiently expressed in Sf21 cells. These results together indicate that HearNPV @entity31217 is a functional apoptosis suppressor, while the function of @entity31216 remains elusive.

title: Functional analysis of two inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) orthologs from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin-D']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HearNPV infected']

entities_list: @entity31215 :: ('51313', 'Species') :: ['Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus']

answer: @entity31215 :: (51313,Species) :: ['Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In late reproductive-aged @entity0 survivors, there is a need for real-time biomarkers of postchemotherapy ovarian function. The objective was to determine whether antimullerian hormone ( @entity248 ) and inhibin B are such biomarkers. The authors tested whether @entity248 and inhibin B were impacted by @entity0 treatment by comparing @entity5 survivors to age-matched control @entity1 and determined the association between these hormones and postchemotherapy menstrual pattern. METHODS: @entity0 @entity1 (n = 127) with American Joint Committee on @entity5 who were premenopausal at diagnosis were enrolled postchemotherapy and observed. The primary endpoint was chemotherapy-related @entity2588 ( @entity20171 ) (> or = 12 months of @entity2588 after chemotherapy). Matched pair analyses compared @entity248 , inhibin B, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels between @entity5 and age-matched control subjects. Associations between hormones, @entity20171 status, and change in @entity20171 status over time were assessed. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 at chemotherapy was 43.2 years (range, 26.7-57.8 years). At enrollment, median follow-up since chemotherapy was 2.1 years, and 55% of subjects had @entity20171 . Compared with age-matched controls, @entity5 subjects had significantly lower @entity248 (P = .004) and inhibin B (P < .001) and higher FSH (P < .001). @entity248 (P = .002) and inhibin B (P = .001) were found to be significantly associated with risk of @entity20171 , even after controlling for FSH. @entity248 was significantly lower (P = .03) and FSH was significantly higher (P = .04) in menstruating subjects who developed subsequent @entity20171 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity248 and inhibin B are 2 additional measures of postchemotherapy ovarian function in late reproductive-aged @entity0 survivors. With further research and validation, these hormones may supplement limited current tools for assessing and predicting postchemotherapy ovarian function.

title: Antimullerian hormone and inhibin B are hormone measures of ovarian function in late reproductive-aged XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer stage I to III disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Currently, little is known about histone modifications and molecular mechanisms of negatively regulated transcription. In pituitary cells, @entity6145 (T(3)) decreased transcription, and surprisingly increased histone acetylation, of @entity6754 promoter. This increase was mediated directly by @entity6145 receptor. Histone acetylation of H3K9 and H3K18 sites, two modifications usually associated with transcriptional activation, occur in negative regulation of @entity6754 promoter. T(3) also caused release of a corepressor complex composed of @entity3997 ( @entity3997 ), transducin beta-like protein 1, and nuclear receptor coprepressor ( @entity16858 )/ silencing mediator for retinoic and @entity6145 receptor from @entity6754 promoter in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. @entity16858 and @entity3997 overexpression selectively increased ligand-independent basal transcription. Two histone acetyltransferase inhibitors increased overall transcription but did not abrogate negative regulation or @entity16858 / @entity3997 complex release by T(3). Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses of an endogenous positively regulated target gene showed increased histone acetylation and corepressor complex release with T(3) treatment. Finally, microarray analyses suggested there is a subset of negatively regulated genes with increased histone acetylation. These findings demonstrate the critical role of @entity16858 / @entity3997 complex in negative regulation of @entity6754 gene expression and show that similar complexes and overlapping epigenetic modifications can participate in both negative and positive transcriptional regulation.

title: Negative regulation of XXXX target gene by @entity6145 involves histone acetylation and corepressor complex dissociation.

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity3997 :: ('8841', 'Gene') :: ['HDAC3', 'histone deacetylase 3']

answer: @entity6754 :: (1081,Gene) :: ['TSHalpha']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity361 require high-dose @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). Small bowel (SB) dose constraints have historically limited dose delivery to paraspinal and retroperitoneal targets. This retrospective study correlated SB dose-volume histograms with side-effects after proton @entity1161 (PT). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 2008, 31 @entity1 (mean age 52.1 years) underwent spot scanning-based PT for @entity3580 (81%), @entity242 (16%) and meningiom (3%). Mean total prescribed dose was 72.3 Gy (relative biologic effectiveness, RBE) delivered in 1.8-2 Gy (RBE) fractions. Mean follow-up was 3.8 years. Based on the pretreatment planning CT, SB dose distributions were reanalysed. RESULTS: Planning target volume ( @entity343 ) was defined as gross @entity5 volume (GTV) plus 5-7 mm margins. Mean @entity343 was 560.22 cm(3). A mean of 93.2% of the @entity343 was covered by at least 90% of the prescribed dose. SB volumes (cm(3)) receiving doses of 5, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75 and 80 Gy (RBE) were calculated to give V5, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60, V70, @entity4732 and V80 respectively. In 7/31 @entity1 , PT was accomplished without any significant SB irradiation (V5=0). In 24/31 @entity1 , mean maximum dose (Dmax) to SB was 64.1 Gy (RBE). Despite target doses of >70 Gy (RBE), SB received >50 and >60 Gy (RBE) in only 61 and 54% of @entity1 , respectively. Mean SB volumes (cm(3)) covered by different dose levels (Gy, RBE) were: V20 (n=24): 45.1, V50 (n=19): 17.7, V60 (n=17): 7.6 and V70 (n=12): 2.4. No acute @entity137 >=  grade 2 or late SB sequelae were observed. CONCLUSION: Small noncircumferential volumes of SB tolerated doses in excess of 60 Gy (RBE) without any clinically-significant late adverse effects. This small retrospective study has limited statistical power but encourages further efforts with higher @entity1 numbers to define and establish high-dose threshold models for SB @entity137 in modern radiation oncology.

title: Small bowel XXXX after high dose spot scanning-based proton beam therapy for paraspinal/retroperitoneal neoplasms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinal/retroperitoneal chordomas']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['Mesenchymal tumours']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is sufficient evidence to conclude that exercise interventions are more effective than no exercise control and to compare the effectiveness of different exercise interventions in relieving @entity158 and improving function in @entity1 with @entity6250 . DATA SOURCES: Nine electronic databases searched from inception to March 2012. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised controlled trials comparing exercise interventions with each other or with no exercise control for adults with knee or @entity570 . DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers evaluated eligibility and methodological quality. Main outcomes extracted were @entity158 intensity and limitation of function. Trial sequential analysis was used to investigate reliability and conclusiveness of available evidence for exercise interventions. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to combine both direct (within trial) and indirect (between trial) evidence on treatment effectiveness. RESULTS: 60 trials (44 knee, two @entity31178 mixed) covering 12 exercise interventions and with 8218 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. Sequential analysis showed that as of 2002 sufficient evidence had been accrued to show significant benefit of exercise interventions over no exercise control. For @entity158 relief, strengthening, flexibility plus strengthening, flexibility plus strengthening plus aerobic, aquatic strengthening, and aquatic strengthening plus flexibility, exercises were significantly more effective than no exercise control. A combined intervention of strengthening, flexibility, and aerobic exercise was also significantly more effective than no exercise control for improving limitation in function (standardised mean difference -0.63, 95% credible interval -1.16 to -0.10). CONCLUSIONS: As of 2002 sufficient evidence had accumulated to show significant benefit of exercise over no exercise in @entity1 with @entity571 , and further trials are unlikely to overturn this result. An approach combining exercises to increase strength, flexibility, and aerobic capacity is likely to be most effective in the management of @entity6250 . The evidence is largely from trials in @entity1 with @entity626 . PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) No CRD42012002267.

title: Exercise for XXXX : systematic review incorporating trial sequential analysis and network meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity6250 :: (MESH:D038061,Disease) :: ['lower limb osteoarthritis']


abstract: The present study was carried out to examine the role of protein synthesis in @entity19 oocyte maturation in vitro. In the first part of this study, the effects of @entity1880 (CX) were tested on spontaneous meiotic maturation when oocytes were cultured in inhibitor-free medium. CX reversibly suppressed maturation of oocytes as long as maturation was either initially prevented by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, @entity1922 ( @entity1922 ), or delayed by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In the second part of this study, the actions of protein synthesis inhibitors were tested on hormone-induced maturation. CEO were maintained in meiotic arrest for 21-22 h with @entity3625 , and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) was induced with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Three different protein synthesis inhibitors [CX, @entity16345 (EM), and @entity5808 (PUR)] each prevented the stimulatory action of FSH on GVB in a dose-dependent fashion. This was accompanied by a dose-dependent suppression of 3H- @entity368 incorporation by oocyte-cumulus cell complexes. The action of these inhibitors on FSH- and @entity6354 ( @entity6354 )-induced GVB was next compared. All three drugs lowered the frequency of GVB in the FSH-treated groups, below even that of the controls (drug + @entity3625 ); the drugs maintained meiotic arrest at the control frequencies in the @entity6354 -treated groups. @entity8424 , an analog of PUR with no inhibitory action on protein synthesis, had no effect. The three inhibitors also suppressed the stimulatory action of FSH on oocyte maturation when meiotic arrest was maintained with the @entity268 analog, @entity5393 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protein synthesis inhibitors prevent both spontaneous and hormone-dependent maturation of isolated XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['IBMX', '3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['Puromycin aminonucleoside']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Trastuzumab dramatically improves survival in @entity0 @entity1 whose @entity5 overexpresses @entity1722 . A subpopulation of cells in @entity1 @entity0 has been identified with characteristics of @entity5 stem cells. These @entity0 stem-like cells (BCSCs) rely on @entity1722 signaling for self-renewal, suggesting that @entity1722 -targeted therapy targets BCSCs even when the bulk of the @entity5 does not overexpress @entity1722 . In order to guide clinical trials examining @entity1722 -targeted therapy in the adjuvant setting, we propose a mathematical model to examine BCSC population dynamics and predict optimal duration of therapy. METHODS: Varying the susceptibility of BCSCs to @entity1722 -targeted therapy, we quantify the average time to extinction of BCSCs. We expand our model using stochastic simulation to include the partially differentiated @entity5 cells (TCs) that represent bulk @entity5 population and examine effects of plasticity on required duration of therapy. RESULTS: Lower susceptibility of BCSCs and increased rates of dedifferentiation entail longer extinction times, indicating a need for prolonged administration of @entity1722 -targeted therapy. We predict that even when therapy does not appreciably reduce @entity5 size in the advanced @entity5 setting, it will eventually eradicate the @entity5 in the adjuvant setting as long as there is at least a modest effect on BCSCs. CONCLUSIONS: We anticipate that our results will inform clinical trials of targeted therapies in planning the duration of therapy needed to eradicate BCSCs. Our predictions also address safety, as longer duration of therapy entails a greater potential impact on normal stem cells that may also be susceptible to stem cell-targeted therapies.

title: Determining duration of XXXX -targeted therapy using stem cell extinction models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: In a mycological study, a total of 95 @entity1 food samples were investigated to evaluate the incidence of fungal contamination in Cameroon by conventional identification method and partly confirmed by DNA sequencing. The isolated fungal spp. were further studied to determine their toxigenic potentials. The investigation revealed the predominance of @entity11792 and Penicillium with 96% of samples contaminated with at least one species of these fungi, whereas the incidence of co-contamination of samples was 85%. @entity11792 and @entity11792 parasiticus (Flavi section) were the most predominant species contaminating mainly @entity2829 and peanuts. In addition, P. crustosum and P. polonicum were the most common contaminants belonging to the genus Penicillium. On the other hand, A. ochraceus (Circumdati section) registered a low incidence rate of 5%, including other members of the @entity11792 group. Other members of the genera Rhizopus and Alternaria spp. were also registered in the study. A majority of fungal strains of A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, P. crustosum and P. polonicum isolated were toxigenic, producing the mycotoxins tested for, while none was detected in cultures of A. fumigatus. The high incidence rate of fungi contamination coupled with their potentials in producing mycotoxins gives a strong indication that the samples tested may likely be contaminated with various mycotoxins. There is need for further study to assess the incidence of mycotoxins contamination in similar food samples.

title: Contamination with storage fungi of XXXX food from Cameroon.

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus', 'Aspergillus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the increasing number of total joint replacement procedures, the number of complications from that surgery has also been on the rise. Although quite rare (<1%), a PPI may ruin even the best and technically excellent joint replacement procedure, causing extensive damage and loss of bone and periprosthetic tissues, which makes subsequent restoration surgery extremely difficult. At present, a two-stage revision arthroplasty seems to be the best solution for PPI @entity1 [4,9,15]. In the first stage, implant removal and radical d  bridement of infected tissues is performed and an antibiotic-loaded spacer is inserted. After a few months, the second stage is performed where the spacer is removed and a revision endoprosthesis is implanted. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for @entity281 with a two-stage revision arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 diagnosed with PPI were treated at the Department of Orthopedic and @entity130 Surgery, Silesian Medical University in Katowice, between January 2007 and March 2010. PPI was a complication of knee arthroplasty (12 @entity1 , 29%) and hip replacement (29 @entity1 , 71%). During the first stage of the treatment, intraoperative cultures were negative in 17 @entity1 (41%) and positive in 24 (59%). RESULTS: Cultures obtained in @entity1 with reinfection after revision endoprosthesoplasty (second stage of the treatment) grew no pathogen in 1 @entity1 , MSSA (1), @entity797 (1), and A. baumanii with MSSA and MRSE (1). After the first stage of the treatment (spacer implantation), infection was not cured in one @entity1 (2.5%). In 4 @entity1 (10%), there was reinfection after the implantation of a revision endoprosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis provides evidence to suggest that two-stage revision endoprosthesoplasty is an effective method of treatment of @entity281 .

title: Treatment for XXXX with two-stage revision arthroplasty with a gentamicin loaded spacer. The clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10841 serves as a building block for the biosynthesis of proteins but also as a precursor for a wide range of plant-derived compounds essential for plants and animals. Plants can synthesize @entity815 within the plastids using @entity34632 as a precursor. However, an alternative pathway using @entity34633 as intermediate, described for most microorganisms, has recently been proposed. The functionality of this pathway requires the existence in plants of enzymes with @entity34634 dehydratase (PDT) activity (EC 4.2.1.51). Using phylogenetic studies, functional complementation assays in @entity375 and biochemical analysis we have identified the enzymes displaying PDT activity in Pinus pinaster. Through sequence alignment comparisons and site-directed mutagenesis we have identified a 22- @entity3689 region conferring PDT activity ( @entity16180 -domain) and a single Ala314 residue critical to trigger this activity. Our results demonstrate that all plant clades include @entity16180 -domain containing ADTs suggesting that the PDT activity, and thus the ability to synthesize @entity815 using @entity34633 as intermediate has been preserved throughout the evolution of plants. Moreover, this pathway together with the arogenate pathway give to plants a broad and versatile capacity to synthesize @entity815 and its derived compounds. @entity16180 -domain containing enzymes are also present in green and red algae, and glaucophytes, the three emerging clades following the primary endosymbiont event resulting in the acquisition of plastids in eukaryotes. The evolutionary prokaryotic origin of this domain is discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Identification of a small protein domain present in all plant lineages that confers high XXXX dehydratase activity.

entities_list: @entity34632 :: ('MESH:C015478', 'Chemical') :: ['arogenate']

entities_list: @entity34633 :: ('MESH:C031606', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity10841 :: ('CHEBI:58095', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity34634 :: ('MESH:C005550', 'Chemical') :: ['prephenate']

answer: @entity34634 :: (MESH:C005550,Chemical) :: ['prephenate']


abstract: Preliminary studies in our laboratory demonstrated low oral bioavailability of Drug X in male @entity35 . However, the factors responsible for the observed poor bioavailability were not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of @entity1447 (s) metabolism to the observed poor oral bioavailability of Drug X in male @entity35 in the presence of @entity18484 , a non-specific irreversible inhibitor of cytochrome P450s. Male @entity35 were pre-treated with or without oral @entity18484 (50 mg/kg) two hours prior to receiving a single intravenous or oral dose of Drug X (3 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected from animals at different time points over six hours following Drug X dosing. Plasma concentrations of Drug X were determined using LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 . Pharmacokinetic data obtained from an intravenous dose study in @entity35 suggested that Drug X exhibited a high clearance (55 mL/min/kg) and moderate volume of distribution (1.3 L/kg) with short half-life in @entity35 (0.7 hr). Oral dosing of Drug X to @entity35 resulted in low oral bioavailability (19%). @entity18484 pre-treatment of male @entity35 followed by an intravenous dose of Drug X resulted in a decrease in plasma clearance by 71% and an increase in half-life by 100%, without affecting the volume of distribution. Furthermore, the oral bioavailability of Drug X increased markedly with @entity18484 pre-treatment. However, the fraction absorbed of Drug X did not significantly change with @entity18484 pre-treatment. The results of this study indicated that @entity7570 -mediated metabolism played a major role in limiting the oral bioavailability of Drug X in @entity35 . The data suggests that @entity18484 can be used as an effective tool in assessing the factors contributing to the poor oral bioavailability of drugs.

title: The use of XXXX in differentiating the role of @entity7570 -mediated first pass metabolism and absorption in limiting drug oral bioavailability: a case study.

entities_list: @entity18484 :: ('MESH:C033020', 'Chemical') :: ['1-aminobenzotriazole']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity18484 :: (MESH:C033020,Chemical) :: ['1-aminobenzotriazole']


abstract: The physiology of oral @entity5819 loading was studied in four groups of male weanling @entity35 weighing about 100 g and fed either standard ground Rostock @entity35 food (containing 317 mmol net base/kg) or ground @entity2247 (containing only 20 mmol net base/kg). One group of animals on the Rostock diet received oral supplements of @entity5819 (approximately 32 mmol . kg-1 . day-1) sufficient to provide a net zero rate of oral net base intake. In this group, ongoing fecal net base excretion caused net acid to be absorbed at an average rate of 15 mmol . kg-1 . day-1. The mean rate of renal net acid excretion rose markedly (by 29.4 mmol . kg-1 . day-1); and over an 8-day balance period the animals were able to maintain near-normal balances of net base. During a subsequent 8-day recovery the pattern of mineral turnover returned to normal. Even in the @entity2247 -fed @entity35 , gastrointestinal net acid absorption was observed. These animals suffered a 61% reduction in the rate of body growth, but the overall rate of net base retention, per kilogram of mass gain, was close to the reference value. Finally, the combination of @entity2247 and @entity5819 led to weight loss, positive net acid balances (8.5 mmol . kg-1 . day-1), and a maximal rate of renal net acid excretion (50.8 mmol . kg-1 . day-1). Some implications for the metabolism of organic acids are discussed.

title: Balance of net base in the XXXX . V. Effects of oral @entity5819 loading.

entities_list: @entity5819 :: ('MESH:D000643', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity303 is found in a small percent of general population but remains a significant problem in the elderly population. Little is known whether prevention of @entity303 in the elderly is possible. Some evidence exists that both @entity1294 and @entity195 are related to @entity65 risk factors. The main goal of the CASCADE Krak  w Project is to study the relation between the exposure to @entity65 risk factors in the middle age and @entity73 in old age. Project CASCADE Krak  w is an independent part of the international project CASCADE, which is carried out in 11 research centres from 9 countries. Polish part of the study includes a longitudinal observation of the sample screened earlier in POL-MONICA Krak  w Project, which was selected from population of residents of rural province (Tarnobrzeg Voivodship). Studied sample are 1318 @entity1 , for whom @entity65 risk factors were measured in 1983-84 and who completed at least 64 years in 1997. Two-stage examination was designed. In the first stage collection of the following data was designed: socio-economic factors, history of @entity65 , perceived health, blood pressure and cognitive function assessment using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) procedure. In the second stage (sub-sample of 300 @entity1 included) the following procedures were designed: detailed neuro-psychological testing, neurolo-gical examination, MRI, determination of total- and HDL- @entity165 and determination of @entity2204 isoforms. There were 625 (47%) @entity1 and 693 (53%) @entity1 selected for the first stage. Out of them 128 (43%) @entity1 and 172 (57%) @entity1 were selected for the second stage. There were no important differences in age, education, health status and exposure to @entity65 risk factors between the studied groups in the baseline assessment. However, there were important differences between @entity1 and @entity1 . Compared to @entity1 , @entity1 had lower education (higher than elementary education in 17% and 9% respectively), more frequent @entity28 (respectively 12% and 36%), @entity101 (respectively 57% and 71%) and @entity5522 (respectively 17% and 30%) but lower smoking rate (respectively 53% and 4%). Integration of neuropsychological testing and neuroimaging with the epidemiological approach to risk factors could contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms on which the disease affects the brain morphology and functions. The results of CASCADE and CASCADE Krak  w projects will contribute also to the development of the strategies of medical care and management of the @entity73 in the elderly.

title: [ @entity73 and @entity65 risk factors. Project CASCADE Krak  w. I. Project to test exposure to risk factors for XXXX in the studied sample].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairment and cerebral white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's type dementia"]

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childhood @entity28 prevalence has tripled over the last three decades. @entity4806 has important implications for both adult health as well as the United States economy. In order to combat @entity4806 , exploratory studies are necessary to create effective interventions. Recruitment is an essential part of any study, and it has been challenging for all studies, especially @entity4806 studies. The objective of this study was to understand barriers to @entity4806 study recruitment and review facilitators to overcome @entity7804 . METHODS: Twenty four childhood @entity28 researchers were contacted. Complete data for 11 researchers were obtained. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Grounded Theory methodological approach was used, as this was an exploratory study. Investigators YP and MM coded the interviews using 28 codes. RESULTS: Barriers to recruitment included: family and study logistics, family economics, lack of provider interest, invasive protocols, stigma, time restraints of clinicians, lack of @entity1 motivation/interest, groupthink of students in a classroom, and @entity1 who do not accept his or her own weight status. Facilitators to enhance recruitment practices included accommodating @entity1 outside of regular clinic hours, incentivizing @entity1 , cultivating relationships with communities, schools and clinics prior to study recruitment, emphasizing benefits of a study for the @entity1 , and shifting language to focus on health rather than @entity28 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4806 researchers face many standard and some unique challenges to recruitment, reflecting challenges common to clinical research as well as some specific to pediatrics and some specific to @entity28 research. Both pediatric studies as well as @entity28 studies are an added challenge to the already-difficult task of general study recruitment. Our findings can be used to make researchers more aware of potential difficulties, approaches and on-going needs for enhancing recruitment and enrollment practices, and in turn if applied, may result in increased study efficiency.

title: Researchers' perspectives on @entity4806 research XXXX recruitment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['recruitment difficulties']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric obesity', 'pediatric obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['participant']


abstract: To identify the host range of potential vectors of @entity5475 Leidy, the causal agent of @entity235 dirofilariasis, we studied the bloodmeal origin of mosquitoes trapped on two of the Canary Islands, Gran Canaria and Tenerife, where this disease is considered hyperendemic. On Gran Canaria, mosquitoes were captured using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traps (outdoors) and resting in a bathroom (indoors). Only CDC traps were used to capture mosquitoes in Tenerife. The species captured in decreasing order of abundance were Culex theileri Theobald, @entity10722 L., Culiseta longiareolata Macquart, Anopheles atroparvus van Thiel, and Anopheles cinereus Theobald. The origins of bloodmeals were identified for 121 Cx. theileri and 4 Cx. pipiens after amplification and sequencing of a fragment of the vertebrate @entity9859 ( @entity9859 ) gene. Cx. theileri fed on @entity1237 , @entity742 , @entity235 , @entity291 , @entity468 , @entity1 , and @entity1573 , and Cx. pipiens fed on @entity1237 and @entity1573 . A lower success of bloodmeal identification was obtained in mosquitoes captured resting indoors than outdoors in CDC traps, probably because of a longer time period between feeding and capture. Although most Cx. theileri fed on ruminants, this species also fed on different @entity1 species susceptible to dirofiliarasis, including @entity1 , suggesting it could play a role on parasite transmission.

title: Host-feeding pattern of Culex theileri (Diptera: Culicidae), potential vector of XXXX in the Canary Islands, Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'mammal']

entities_list: @entity10722 :: ('7175', 'Species') :: ['Culex pipiens']

entities_list: @entity9859 :: ('4512', 'Gene') :: ['COI', 'cytochrome oxidase I']

entities_list: @entity5475 :: ('6287', 'Species') :: ['Dirofilaria immitis']

answer: @entity5475 :: (6287,Species) :: ['Dirofilaria immitis']


abstract: Treatment of @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ) has remained both problematic as well as controversial. Although the sheet anchor in treatment of @entity5929 remains @entity230 , various workers have tried oral antifungals ( @entity2380 and @entity2059 ) with encouraging results. This study evaluates the effect of @entity2380 or @entity2059 in the treatment of @entity5929 @entity1 and compares them with the @entity1 who had received palliative therapy other than antifungals. Case records of 44 proven cases of @entity5929 treated at our referral service hospital during February 1998 to April 2001 were analyzed. In addition to oral and inhaled bronchodilators, 16 @entity1 received @entity2380 150 mg OD and 13 @entity1 @entity2059 200 mg OD for six months. Response to therapy was assessed clinically, radiologically and by spirometry every 3 months. @entity1 who did not receive antifungals had chronic course characterized by @entity1224 , recurrent @entity358 and obstructive defect on pulmonary function test (PFT). @entity1 treated with @entity2059 had better control of @entity565 symptoms, less requirement of reliever inhalers, @entity230 and lesser exacerbations of @entity565 during follow-up even after stopping antifungal. @entity2380 group had better control of symptoms but improvement in other parameters was not statistically significant. From this study it was evident that @entity2059 improved the symptoms of @entity1224 , pulmonary functions, @entity358 and decreased exacerbations during follow up.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity2380 and @entity2059 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary consolidation', 'pulmonary opacities']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA still', 'ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity5929 :: (MESH:D001229,Disease) :: ['Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis']


abstract: Selection bias, common in @entity131 research, limits the clinical usefulness and generalizability of study findings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different inclusion and exclusion criteria on @entity1 enrollment, and the implications for generalizability, in a mild @entity131 (MTBI) study. The study was conducted at the emergency department (ED) of Tampere University Hospital. Our aim was to study outcome from MTBI in @entity1 who do not have pre-existing conditions or other confounding factors. For this, all consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity542 (n=1344) were screened. The study design included three inclusion criteria and nine exclusion criteria. The World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Neurotrauma Task Force criteria for MTBI were used. Of all @entity1 screened, 934 (69.5%) fulfilled the MTBI criteria. For those fulfilling the MTBI criteria, various inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in order to yield those eligible for the outcome study. Applying these criteria excluded 95.1% of MTBI @entity1 , leaving only 46 @entity1 in the final sample. The final sample and the excluded @entity1 with MTBI significantly differed in age, mechanism of injury, and injury severity characteristics. Many studies recruit fundamentally biased samples that are not generalizable to the population of @entity1 who sustain an MTBI. Studying carefully selected samples is often necessary to address specific research questions, but such studies have serious limitations in terms of translating research findings into clinical practice.

title: Who gets recruited in mild XXXX research?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In France, @entity2 is the third most common @entity5 and the third leading cause of @entity5 in @entity1 . The main objective of this study is to analyse specificities of @entity2 in the female population in an administrative district in France, focusing on histology, staging and trends over time. METHODS: Incidence data from 1987 to 2004 were extracted from the H  rault @entity5 registry. The variables of interest considered at diagnosis were stage, histology and age. Mortality data were extracted from the C  piDc-Inserm database for the same period. RESULTS: Among the 6,650 @entity1 studied, 16.8% were @entity1 . 18.3% of whom were aged less than 50 at diagnosis, (9.9% of @entity1 , p<0.001). @entity2 incidence is increasing in the female population (+6.4% per year) as well as @entity2 mortality (+3.5% per year). This occurred faster for @entity420 , young @entity1 and stages III-IV. CONCLUSION: This population-based study confirmed the specific features of @entity2 in @entity1 : younger age at diagnosis, @entity420 and stage at diagnosis with poor prognosis. These results raise the question of possible @entity2 susceptibility between males and females.

title: [ XXXX trends, staging and histology in H  rault, France].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['differences to lung cancer', 'Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Female lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The importance of KIT and @entity675 mutations in the oncogenesis of @entity674 ( @entity674 ) is well established, but the genetic basis of @entity674 @entity3 is poorly understood. We recently published a 67 gene expression prognostic signature related to genome complexity (CINSARC for Complexity INdex in @entity242 ) and asked whether it could predict outcome in GISTs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We carried out genome and expression profiling on 67 primary untreated GISTs. RESULTS: We show and validate here that it can predict @entity3 in a new data set of 67 primary untreated GISTs. The gene whose expression was most strongly associated with @entity3 was @entity875 , but the @entity875 locus was not amplified. Instead, we identified deletion of the @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity995 ( @entity996 ) genes as likely causal events leading to increased @entity875 and CINSARC gene expression, to chromosome rearrangement, and ultimately to @entity3 . On the basis of these findings, we established a Genomic Index that integrates the number and type of DNA copy number alterations. This index is a strong prognostic factor in GISTs. We show that CINSARC class, @entity875 expression, and Genomic Index all outperform the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) grading system in determining the prognosis of @entity1 with GISTs. Interestingly, these signatures can identify poor prognosis @entity1 in the group classified as intermediate-risk by the AFIP classification. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that a high Genomic Index determined by comparative genomic hybridization from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded samples could be used to identify AFIP intermediate-risk @entity1 who would benefit from @entity2213 therapy.

title: Mitotic checkpoints and chromosome instability are strong predictors of clinical outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['SARComas']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of three cultivars (Promore, Kiev mutant and Ultra) of white lupins (Lupinus albus L.) for broilers. In experiment 1, the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and ileal @entity3689 digestibility coefficients of the three cultivars were determined. The cultivar effects were significant (P < 0.05) for AME, but the ileal @entity3689 digestibility coefficients were similar (P > 0.05) between cultivars. The AME value of Ultra cultivar was lower (P < 0.05) than those of Promore and Kiev mutant cultivars. In Experiment 2, using the AME and ileal digestible @entity3689 values determined in Experiment 1, diets containing 200 g/kg of lupin were formulated and the effects of feeding these diets on performance, digestive tract development and excreta quality of broiler starters were investigated. Weight gain, feed intake and feed per gain of broilers fed diets containing white lupins were similar (P > 0.05) to those fed the @entity2829 - @entity1460 meal diet. The performance of birds fed diets containing different cultivars of white lupins was similar (P > 0.05). Several digestive tract parameters were influenced by the dietary inclusion of white lupins. In particular, the relative liver weight and the relative empty weights of small intestine and caeca in birds fed diets containing white lupins were higher (P < 0.05) than those fed the @entity2829 - @entity1460 meal diet. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the excreta quality scores between the birds fed the @entity2829 - @entity1460 meal diet and those fed diets containing white lupins.

title: Nutritional value of white lupins (Lupinus albus) for broilers: apparent metabolisable energy, apparent ileal XXXX digestibility and production performance.

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: @entity137 and subcutaneous tissue reaction of innovative blends composed by @entity22059 and @entity22059 - @entity30745 associated with natural polymers (natural rubber and native starch) forming membranes were evaluated, aiming its applications associated with bone regeneration. @entity137 was evaluated in @entity19 fibroblasts culture cells (NIH3T3) using @entity3460 staining. Tissue response was in vivo evaluated by subcutaneous implantation of materials in @entity35 , taking into account the presence of @entity39 and connective tissue capsule around implanted materials after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 60, and 100 days of surgery. The pattern of @entity32 was evaluated by histomorphometry of the inflammatory cells. Chemical and morphological changes of implanted materials after 60 and 100 days were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) images. @entity137 tests indicated a good tolerance of the cells to the biomaterial. The in vivo tissue response of all studied materials showed normal inflammatory pattern, characterized by a reduction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and an increase in mononuclear leukocytes over the time (p < 0.05 Kruskal-Wallis). On day 60, microscopic analysis showed regression of the chronic inflammatory process around all materials. FTIR showed no changes in chemical composition of materials due to implantation, whereas @entity4653 demonstrated the delivery of starch in the medium. Therefore, the results of the tests performed in vitro and in vivo show that the innovative blends can further be used as biomaterials.

title: Subcutaneous tissue reaction and cytotoxicity of @entity22059 and @entity22059 - XXXX blends associated with natural polymers.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity30745 :: ('MESH:C074585', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity22059 :: ('MESH:C024865', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylidene fluoride']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity30745 :: (MESH:C074585,Chemical) :: ['trifluoroethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on the periodontal status of the adult population in the Arab world are scarce. The aim of this pilot study is to assess the prevalence, extent, and severity of @entity2520 in an adult group from Oman. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 319 teachers who were randomly sampled from the list of teachers from the Muscat region schools in Oman. @entity1547 , @entity2524 , and periodontal @entity6730 ( @entity6730 ) were recorded for each of the @entity1 . A questionnaire collected data on @entity1 ' sociodemographic characteristics, dental-care characteristics, self-rated periodontal status, and self-rated well-being. RESULTS: A total of 99% of @entity1 had at least one site with @entity92 ( @entity92 ) or clinical @entity6730 of >=  3 mm. More than one third (36%) of @entity1 had at least one site with @entity6730 >=  5 mm, and 12% had at least one site with @entity6730 >=  6 mm; for @entity92 , the prevalence estimates were 26% and 8%, respectively, and a gradient by age group was evident across the different thresholds. Regarding the extent of disease, 17.6% of sites had @entity92 >=  3 mm, and 21% of sites had @entity6730 >=  3 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence, extent, and severity of @entity2521 were higher than estimates reported from industrialized countries, such as Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. This is of concern, especially when considering the relatively young age of the study population. Because of this high prevalence, investigation of @entity2521 in a national sample of Omanis is desirable to confirm the findings of this study.

title: XXXX in an Omani adult population: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Dental caries']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['Periodontal diseases']


abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate short- and long-term therapeutic effectiveness of natural thermal mineral waters in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing efficacy of thermal mineral water for treating @entity1 with knee @entity571 . Trials were identified by systematic searches of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, and Amed. We used the MeSH terms balneotherapy, balneology, and mineral water in combination with knee and @entity571 . Literature screening and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Nine RCTs satisfied the inclusion criteria, all published as full journal articles. Trial duration ranged from 10 to 24 weeks (median 15.33 +/- 5.56 weeks). The final sample included 493 @entity1 who provided data at the ends of the studies. All interventions that were used in these trials found out an improvement in @entity158 and functional capacity, which were sustained until week 24. No serious adverse events were reported to be associated with thermal mineral waters treatment. This work provide the most current and comprehensive review of the existing evidence of short- and long-term therapeutic effects of thermal mineral waters in knee @entity571 . Additional RCTs with similar intervention comparisons and outcome measures, bigger sample size, and longer follow-up are required to confirm these results and to assess the biological effect of thermal mineral waters in @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Short- and long-term therapeutic effects of thermal mineral waters in XXXX : a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is a significant cause of @entity204 and disability in both the civilian and the military populations. The primary impact causes @entity3145 , which initiates biochemical cascades, known as secondary injury, that expand the damage. Free radicals are implicated as major contributors to the secondary injury. Our review of recent rodent and @entity1 research reveals the prominent role of the free radicals @entity224 anion, @entity842 , and @entity6710 in secondary @entity1545 . Much of our current knowledge is based on rodent studies, and the authors identified a gap in the translation of findings from rodent to @entity1 @entity131 . Rodent models are an effective method for elucidating specific mechanisms of free radical-induced injury at the cellular level in a well-controlled environment. However, @entity1 @entity131 does not occur in a vacuum, and variables controlled in the laboratory may affect the @entity130 . Additionally, multiple experimental @entity131 models are accepted in rodent research, and no one model fully reproduces the heterogeneous injury seen in @entity1 . Free radical levels are measured indirectly in @entity1 studies based on assumptions from the findings from rodent studies that use direct free radical measurements. Further study in @entity1 should be directed toward large samples to validate the findings in rodent studies. Data obtained from these studies may lead to more targeted treatment to interrupt the secondary injury cascades.

title: The role of free radicals in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['initial tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury progression']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: CONTEXT: The administration of gonadotrophins is prohibited in sport but the effect in @entity1 of recently available recombinant hCG and LH on serum and urine concentrations of gonadotrophins and @entity3800 has not been systematically evaluated in the antidoping context. OBJECTIVE: To determine the time-course of recombinant LH (rhLH) and hCG ( @entity32416 ) on blood and urine hormone profiles in @entity1 to develop effective tests to detect rhLH and @entity32416 doping. DESIGN: Two randomized controlled studies with a 2 x 2 factorial design. SETTING: Academic research centre. @entity1 : Healthy male volunteers aged 18-45 years. INTERVENTIONS: In the rhLH study, @entity1 were randomized into (i) either of two single doses of rhLH (75 IU or 225 IU), and (ii) suppression of endogenous LH and @entity251 by @entity8097 or no suppression. In the @entity32416 study, @entity1 were randomized into (i) either of two single doses of @entity32416 (250 or 750 microg), and (ii) suppression of endogenous LH and @entity251 by @entity11330 (ND) or no suppression. ND suppression comprised a single dose of 200 mg ND 3 days prior to, and in the @entity32416 study an additional dose 1 day after gonadotrophin injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum and urine hCG, LH, T, T : LH ratio, urine @entity13148 (E) and urine T : E ratio. RESULTS: Neither rhLH dose produced a significant increase in serum or urine LH or T or in the T : E or T : LH ratios regardless of ND-induced suppression of endogenous LH and T. Nor did an even higher dose (750 IU) in three healthy @entity1 with unsuppressed @entity444 . These findings were confirmed with two different commercial LH immunoassays together with adjustment for any influence of urine sediment and dilution. Both @entity32416 doses produced a steep, dose-proportional increase in serum and urine hCG with increases in serum and urine T and suppression of serum and urine LH, regardless of hCG dose. Serum but not urine T was lowered by ND suppression. The T : LH ratio showed a progressive increase unrelated to @entity32416 dose or ND suppression, whereas both @entity32416 and ND suppression minimally increased T : E ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity32416 doses produce a striking increase in serum hCG and T with suppression of serum LH but, at single doses up to 750 IU, rhLH has no influence on serum or urine LH or T. Effective rhLH doping, which relies on a sustained @entity101 , would require much higher and more frequent daily rhLH doses. Use of LH immunoassays optimized for serum to detect rhLH doping by urine LH measurement requires more standardization and validation and, at present, is unreliable. The T : LH ratio is, however, a useful screening test for hCG doping although its utility requires further evaluation.

title: Effects of recombinant @entity1 LH and hCG on serum and urine LH and XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity8097 :: ('MESH:D009277', 'Chemical') :: ['nandrolone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in endogenous T']

entities_list: @entity13148 :: ('MESH:D004845', 'Chemical') :: ['epitestosterone']

entities_list: @entity11330 :: ('MESH:C003297', 'Chemical') :: ['nandrolone decanoate']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['androgens']


abstract: To study the effects of @entity273 , @entity1707 coronary artery smooth muscle subcellular fractions enriched in plasma membrane (F2) or sarcoplasmic reticulum (F3) were incubated in various concentrations of @entity2625 and 5 mM @entity2769 . @entity855 -dependent @entity2769 -insensitive oxalate-stimulated @entity141 uptake was determined for F3 and @entity1391 -stimulated uptake for F2. Only 1.5-5 microM @entity273 was required for 50% inhibition of the @entity141 uptake by F3, but the corresponding concentration for F2 was 10-50 microM. This effect was not prevented by @entity224 dismutase. @entity273 inhibited the @entity141 -dependent formation of a 115-kDa @entity27297 band in F3 and 140- and 115-kDa bands in F2. The inhibition of @entity141 uptake in F3, however, exceeded the inhibition of the @entity27297 formation. Efflux of @entity141 from @entity19318 was enhanced by @entity273 but F3 was more sensitive than F2. We conclude that @entity273 has dual effect on @entity141 dynamics in the coronary artery smooth muscle, i.e., it inactivates the @entity141 pumps and increases membrane permeability to @entity141 . The effect is more pronounced on sarcoplasmic reticulum than on plasma membrane. Intrinsic catalase may, however, provide partial protection against such damage.

title: XXXX inactivates calcium pumps in @entity1707 coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide', 'hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity27297 :: ('CHEBI:16826', 'Chemical') :: ['acylphosphate']

answer: @entity2625 :: (CHEBI:44785,Chemical) :: ['Peroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of a collagen dressing covered with a foam dressing with the same foam used as a primary dressing in stagnating granulating pressure @entity1066 @entity1 . METHOD: @entity1 were randomised to receive either a foam dressing (Suprasorb P; Lohmann _ Rauscher) as a primary dressing (group A), or a combination of a collagen dressing (Suprasorb C; Lohmann _ Rauscher) covered with the same foam dressing (group B).Wound fluid was collected and evaluated prior to treatment (day 0), and on days 3,7, 14 and 21 .The level and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) @entity1476 and @entity1495 , and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) @entity2843 - I and @entity1552 ,as well as elastase content in wound fluid and angiogenesis,were evaluated, comparing results on day 0 and day 2 I.Time to @entity1066 , reduction in @entity1066 area, safety of treatment, @entity1 -reported @entity158 and comfort of the dressing regimen were evaluated as secondary outcomes. @entity1 received standard preventive measures, in line with the pressure @entity1066 prevention guidelines. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were included in the pilot; five were treated with the foam dressing (group A) and five @entity1 received the collagen dressing, using the foam as a secondary dressing (group B).Wound fluid from group B displayed a significant positive effect on angiogenesis (p < 0.05) compared with group A. In the collagen and foam groupTIMP- I and -2 increased faster and levels were higher than in group A. Furthermore, @entity1476 , @entity1495 (p < 0.04) and elastase in group B showed faster and greater decrease in levels, compared with group A, indicating a faster and superior @entity32 . In both groups the @entity1066 started to heal, with a faster onset of healing for group B. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot support published data on the use of collagen dressings compared with foam for stagnating wounds, shown in clinical studies. DECLARATION OF INTEREST: This study was supported with an educational grant by Lohmann _ Rauscher GmbH.Apart from DrAbel, the sponsors had no role in the design or conduct of the study, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, or in the preparation, review or approval of the manuscript. DrAbel gave input to the study design from a scientific perspective. None of the authors received administrative, technical or material support for the conduct of this study.The authors have no other relevant financial interests to declare.

title: Randomised, controlled pilot to compare collagen and foam in stagnating pressure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer pain']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is considered an important enzyme contributing to the pathogenesis of persistent @entity158 . The aim of this study was to test whether intrathecal injection of CaMKII inhibitors may reduce @entity158 in @entity6 @entity35 . Male @entity35 were used. @entity6 was induced with intraperitoneal injection of 55mg/kg @entity3839 . Two weeks after @entity6 induction, CaMKII inhibitor myristoil-AIP or @entity14374 was injected intrathecally. Behavioral testing with mechanical and thermal stimuli was performed before induction of @entity6 , the day preceding the injection, as well as 2h and 24h after the intrathecal injection. The expression of total CaMKII and its alpha isoform in dorsal horn was quantified using immunohistochemistry. Intrathecal injection of mAIP and @entity14374 resulted in significant decrease in expression of total CaMKII and CaMKII alpha isoform activity. Also, mAIP and @entity14374 injection significantly increased sensitivity to a mechanical stimulus 24h after i.t. injection. Intrathecal inhibition of CaMKII reduced the expression of total CaMKII and its CaMKII alpha isoform activity in @entity6 dorsal horn, which was accompanied with an increase in @entity158 . Further studies about the intrathecal inhibition of CaMKII should elucidate its role in nociceptive processes of @entity3949 .

title: Intrathecal inhibition of @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in @entity3949 adversely affects XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related behavior', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain-related behavior']


abstract: @entity1793 ( @entity1793 ) can cause toxin-mediated disease, and those that function as superantigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity56 . The prevalence of 19 @entity31144 genes was determined by PCR in clinical @entity794 strains derived from wounds (108) and blood (99). We performed spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine clonal origin, and for selected strains staphylococcal @entity31144 B (SEB) production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Strains carried a median of five @entity1793 genes. For most @entity1793 genes, the prevalence rates among @entity3256 -resistant and @entity3256 -sensitive @entity794 isolates, as well as wound- and blood-derived isolates, did not differ. At least one @entity1793 gene was detected in all except two @entity794 isolates (>99%). @entity2686 were found in only 11% of @entity794 isolates, whereas the combination of sed, sej, and ser was detected in 24% of clinical strains. @entity794 strains exhibited distinct combinations of @entity1793 genes, even if their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST patterns demonstrated clonality. USA300 strains also showed considerable variability in @entity1793 content, although they contained a lower number of @entity1793 genes (mean, 3). By contrast, @entity1793 content was unchanged in five pairs of serial isolates. SEB production by individual strains varied up to 200-fold, and even up to 15-fold in a pair of serial isolates. In conclusion, our results illustrate the genetic diversity of @entity794 strains with respect to @entity31144 genes and suggest that horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements encoding virulence genes occurs frequently.

title: Diverse XXXX gene profiles among clonal complexes of @entity794 isolates from the Bronx, New York.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['Complete egc clusters']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'Staphylococcal enterotoxins']

answer: @entity31144 :: (13913640,Gene) :: ['enterotoxin']


abstract: tRNAs possess a high content of modified @entity2642 , which display an incredible structural variety. These modified @entity2642 are conserved in their sequence and have important roles in tRNA functions. Most often, hypermodified @entity2642 are found in the wobble position of tRNAs, which play a direct role in maintaining translational efficiency and fidelity, codon recognition, etc. One of such hypermodified base is @entity27285 , which is a base analogue of @entity2774 , found in the first anticodon position of specific tRNAs ( @entity669 , @entity3793 , @entity492 and @entity2734 tRNAs). These tRNAs of the 'Q-family' originally contain @entity2774 in the first position of anticodon, which is post-transcriptionally modified with @entity27285 by an irreversible insertion during maturation. @entity27285 is ubiquitously present throughout the living system from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, including plants. Prokaryotes can synthesize @entity27285 de novo by a complex biosynthetic pathway, whereas eukaryotes are unable to synthesize either the precursor or @entity27285 . They utilize salvage system and acquire @entity27285 as a nutrient factor from their diet or from intestinal microflora. The tRNAs of the Q-family are completely modified in terminally differentiated somatic cells. However, hypomodification of Q-tRNA ( @entity27286 -modified tRNA) is closely associated with cell proliferation and @entity5 . The precise mechanisms of @entity27285 - and Q-tRNA-mediated action are still a mystery. Direct or indirect evidence suggests that @entity27285 or Q-tRNA participates in many cellular functions, such as inhibition of cell proliferation, control of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, bacterial virulence, etc. The role of Q-tRNA modification in cellular machinery and the signalling pathways involved therein is the focus of this review.

title: XXXX modification of tRNA: its divergent role in cellular machinery.

entities_list: @entity27286 :: ('MESH:D009704', 'Chemical') :: ['queuosine']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity27285 :: ('MESH:C019549', 'Chemical') :: ['queuine', 'Queuine']

answer: @entity27286 :: (MESH:D009704,Chemical) :: ['Queuosine']


abstract: We present the cases of 3 @entity1 with huge undifferentiated @entity409 who were treated with surgical excision including liver transplantation as an option and adjuvant chemotherapy. All 3 @entity1 were males aged 10, 13, and 15 years old. The size of the @entity5 was 10, 15, and 20 cm in diameter, respectively. The youngest @entity1 is disease free and doing well 43 months after resection. The 13-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity5 rupture and underwent operation. The @entity5 and the ruptured tissue fragments were removed and he was given postoperative chemotherapy. The @entity1 is disease free and doing well 52 months after surgery. The oldest @entity1 had an unresectable @entity5 in the hilar region. Preoperative chemotherapy was given but later discontinued owing to severe side effects. He underwent living donor liver transplantation followed by postoperative chemotherapy. The @entity1 had recurrent @entity5 24 months after transplantation that was excised at reoperation. He is doing well and is disease free 18 months after the second procedure. Complete removal of the @entity5 including total hepatectomy and transplantation when indicated and suitable pre- and/or postoperative chemotherapy is an effective treatment for @entity1 with undifferentiated @entity409 .

title: Management of undifferentiated XXXX including living donor liver transplantation as a backup procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['sarcoma of the liver']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 using single maxillary denture against their natural mandibular teeth face the problem of midline @entity174 in their routine acrylic dentures. Various techniques have failed over the years to address the problem. In this study, flexible denture material (Lucitone) with injection moulding system has been used and evaluated for midline @entity174 in these @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 58 @entity1 in the age group of 38 to 80 years, who had experienced midline @entity174 in their acrylic maxillary dentures were selected. They were provided with new dentures using flexible denture material. Various parameters, namely, mastication, phonetics, esthetics and comfort level were evaluated. RESULT: Only two cases reported slight crack in the palatal region of the-maxillary dentures after 18 months of use. Mastication and phonetics were found to be improved with flexible dentures. CONCLUSION: The flexible denture is a promising material for preventing midline @entity174 in a single maxillary denture. It is well tolerated by the @entity1 as compared to the @entity3677 dentures.

title: Midline XXXX in Single Maxillary Complete Acrylic vs Flexible Dentures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl meth-acrylate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fractures']


abstract: @entity8113 (QA), a biologically potent but neurodestructive metabolite is catabolized by @entity8113 phosphoribosyltransferase ( @entity29596 ) in the first step of the de novo @entity2125 biosynthesis pathway. This puts @entity29596 at the junction of two different pathways, that is, de novo @entity2125 biosynthesis and the @entity10594 pathway of @entity2340 degradation. Thus, @entity29596 is an important enzyme in terms of its biological impact and its potential as a therapeutic target. Here, we report the crystal structure of @entity1 @entity29596 bound to its inhibitor @entity5244 ( @entity29597 ) and kinetic analysis of @entity29597 inhibition of @entity1 @entity29596 . This structure, determined at 2.55    resolution, shows an elaborate @entity3884 bonding network that helps in recognition of @entity29597 and consequently its substrate QA. In addition to this @entity3884 bonding network, we observe extensive @entity558 Waals contacts with the @entity29597 ring that might be important for correctly orientating the substrate QA during catalysis. Moreover, our crystal form allows us to observe an intact hexamer in both the apo- and @entity29597 -bound forms in the same crystal system, which provides a direct comparison of unique subunit interfaces formed in hexameric @entity1 @entity29596 . We call these interfaces "nondimeric interfaces" to distinguish them from the typical dimeric interfaces observed in all QPRTs. We observe significant changes in the nondimeric interfaces in the @entity29596 hexamer upon binding @entity29597 . Thus, the new structural and functional features of this enzyme we describe here will aid in understanding the function of hexameric QPRTs, which includes all eukaryotic and select prokaryotic QPRTs.

title: The crystal structure of XXXX @entity8113 phosphoribosyltransferase in complex with its inhibitor @entity5244 .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalic acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity8113 :: ('MESH:D017378', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolinic acid', 'quinolinic acid']

entities_list: @entity10594 :: ('CHEBI:16946', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of @entity2903 and @entity2600 as a second-line regimen in recurrent/metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent/metastatic @entity1149 , including those with treated brain metastases, following one prior @entity902 -based regimen received @entity2903 75 mg/m daily on days 1 through 15 and @entity2600 100 mg/m on days 8 and 15 every 21 days. RESULTS: The authors treated 46 @entity1 , of whom more that 90% had a performance status of 0 or 1. Four @entity1 (8.7%) attained partial response and 17 (37.0%) had disease stabilization as their best response. The median time to progression was 1.8 months, median overall survival was 9.8 months, and 1-year overall survival was 34%. Grade 1/2 fatigue (63%), @entity417 (61%), @entity390 (52%), and @entity294 (44%) were the most common @entity137 . Grade 3/4 @entity1431 and @entity294 were each observed in 9% of @entity1 . One unexpected @entity204 occurred, possibly related to the regimen. CONCLUSION: Second-line treatment with @entity2903 and @entity2600 showed tolerable @entity137 . The response rates, median survival times, and 1-year survival rates were comparable to other active @entity1149 agents.

title: Phase II trial of @entity2903 and @entity2600 as second-line treatment for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) is a disabling condition that affects approximately 800,000 adult Americans. The pathophysiology remains unknown and there are no diagnostic markers or characteristic physical signs or @entity854 . Most @entity5815 @entity1 @entity25 and many of the postulated etiologies of @entity5815 affect sleep. Conversely, many @entity25 present similarly to @entity5815 . Few studies characterizing sleep in unselected @entity5815 subjects have been published and none have been performed in cases identified from population-based studies. METHODS: The study included 339 subjects (mean age 45.8 years, 77% female, 94.1% white) identified through telephone screen in a previously described population-based study of @entity5815 in Wichita, Kansas. They completed questionnaires to assess fatigue and wellness and 2 self-administered sleep questionnaires. Scores for five of the six sleep factors ( @entity22 / @entity2147 , @entity25 , excessive daytime somnolence, sleep @entity386 , and restlessness) in the Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology's @entity25 ( @entity25 ) were dichotomized based on threshold. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was used as a continuous variable. RESULTS: 81.4% of subjects had an abnormality in at least one @entity25 sleep factor. Subjects with @entity25 had significantly lower wellness scores but statistically unchanged fatigue severity scores compared to those without @entity25 abnormality. @entity5815 subjects had significantly increased risk of abnormal scores in the non-restorative (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 28.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 7.4-107.0) and restlessness (OR = 16.0; 95% CI = 4.2-61.6) @entity25 factors compared to non-fatigued, but not for factors of sleep @entity386 or excessive daytime somnolence. This is consistent with studies finding that, while fatigued, @entity5815 subjects are not sleepy. A strong correlation (0.78) of Epworth score was found only for the excessive daytime somnolence factor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity25 factors describe @entity25 associated with @entity5815 and provide more information than the Epworth score. Validation of these promising results will require formal polysomnographic sleep studies.

title: Sleep assessment in a population-based study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['non-restorative sleep', 'Sleep Assessment Questionnaire', 'sleep disorders', 'complain of unrefreshing sleep', 'SAQ', 'sleep factor abnormalities', 'sleep abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']