abstract: BACKGROUND: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been reported to be poor prognostic indicators in @entity1 with @entity5 . However, no data are available for the role of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of class I HDAC in @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Therefore, we investigated the association of class I HDAC isoforms genomic polymorphisms with risk of @entity189 and @entity5 recurrence following liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: One hundred and ninety-six Chinese subjects consisting of 97 @entity189 @entity1 and 99 controls were enrolled in this study. Nine polymorphisms of the @entity17029 , @entity15687 , and @entity3997 gene ( @entity25147 , @entity25148 , @entity25149 , @entity25150 , @entity25151 , @entity25152 , @entity25153 , @entity25154 , @entity25155 ) were examined using Applied Biosystems SNaP-Shot and TaqMan technology. RESULTS: We found no significant difference in genotype frequencies between the @entity189 cases and controls. In terms of @entity5 recurrence following LT, @entity1 carrying the T allele of @entity17029 SNP @entity25148 showed a favorable outcome for recurrence free survival when compared with @entity1 homozygous for CC. In addition, the same significant trend was observed in @entity3997 SNP @entity25149 . Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the combination of the T variant allele (CT+TT) of @entity17029 SNP @entity25148 and the homozygous TT variant allele of @entity3997 SNP @entity25149 was the most favorable prognostic factor. The risk for postoperative @entity5 recurrence was about 2.2-fold lower for @entity1 with this genotype combination compared with carriers of the @entity17029 SNP @entity25148 CC and @entity3997 SNP @entity25149 CT genotype combination (hazard ratio: 2.235, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that combined analysis of @entity17029 SNP @entity25148 and @entity3997 SNP @entity25149 may be a potential genetic marker for @entity189 recurrence in LT @entity1 .

title: Combination of polymorphisms within the @entity17029 and @entity3997 gene predict @entity5 recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma XXXX that have undergone transplant therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepato-cellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Band ligation of internal @entity6713 is a well-established and accepted office procedure. However, there are several reports focusing on problems associated with this technique, which is perceived by many to be risk-free. This randomized study is aimed to compare radiofrequency coagulation and rubber band ligation of @entity6713 on the parameters of effectiveness and comfort. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty @entity1 of 2nd degree @entity548 piles were randomized prospectively for band ligation (44 @entity1 ) or radiofrequency coagulation (36 @entity1 ) technique. Parameters measured included postoperative discomfort and @entity158 , time taken to return to work, complications accompanying the procedure and recurrence rate. RESULTS: The post defecation @entity158 was more severe with band ligation (p=0.01) and so was rectal tenesmus (p=0.01). The @entity1 from radiofrequency coagulation group resumed their duties early (2 versus 5 days, p=0.05). Recurrence rate was higher in radiofrequency coagulation group. CONCLUSION: Rubber band ligation is associated with significantly higher post treatment @entity158 and discomfort. As against this, radiofrequency coagulation results in significantly less @entity158 and post defecation discomfort. However, chances of recurrence of @entity548 and prolapse of @entity6713 are comparatively higher using radiofrequency coagulation of @entity6713 .

title: Radiofrequency coagulation versus rubber band ligation in early @entity6713 : XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain versus gain']


abstract: AIMS: @entity2347 of the lower respiratory tract is a rare indolent @entity5 with prolonged survival, propensity for recurrences and @entity3 years after initial therapy. We aim to study a 1,700-bed single tertiary academic hospital's long-term experience with ACC of the lower respiratory tract from the larynx to the lungs and review published literature on this subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed the clinicopathology, treatment options and outcome in 33 @entity1 and reviewed the published literature over the last five decades. RESULTS: The @entity5 has no gender predilection, a peak incidence in the fifth decade and is not related to smoking. Insidious symptoms are often treated as @entity1224 and @entity281 ; negative signs and normal chest X-rays delayed diagnosis. The @entity5 was distributed most commonly in the @entity825 followed by main bronchi, lobar bronchi and larynx. About 22% of @entity1 required emergent bronchoscopic intervention to secure airway patency before definitive therapy with surgery or/and radiotherapy. A high proportion of resected specimens had positive margins. Overall survival and disease-free survival rates at 5 years were 81 and 62%, respectively, and at 10 years 70 and 54%, respectively. Prolonged good palliation was achieved for @entity1 with unresectable lesions with radiation and wide armamentarium of endoscopic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In time, many @entity1 eventually succumb to this disease. However, advances in medical skill and technology have prolonged survival while maintaining a good quality of life. @entity2347 of the respiratory tract is a chronic @entity66 that may require interval intensive therapy. The challenge is to find the best therapeutic regimen aiming for a 'true' cure. Further study on the mutational landscape of @entity2347 may provide potential avenues for novel treatments to address a chemoresistant @entity5 .

title: Lower Respiratory Tract XXXX : Its Management in the Past Decades.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['life-long disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['benign obstructive airway disease']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma']


abstract: The effects of jingsongling (JSL) and @entity4763 on heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were studied in five conscious male @entity235 . An i.v. injection of @entity4763 (1 mg/kg) caused a @entity1168 , an initial @entity101 , and a subsequent @entity551 . An i.v. injection of JSL (1 mg/kg) caused a @entity1168 and a 20-min @entity101 without a subsequent @entity551 . @entity3897 (45 micrograms/kg, i.v.) increased HR for 30 min without changing MAP, and antagonized JSL-induced @entity1168 for at least 60 min. There was a subsequent rebound @entity1168 . @entity3897 potentiated JSL-induced @entity101 in both magnitude and duration. @entity3160 (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.), an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased HR and MAP for 110 and 70 min, respectively. @entity3160 not only failed to potentiate but even reversed the pressor effect of JSL in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3160 also caused a dose-dependent reversal of JSL-induced @entity1168 . @entity6116 (5 mg/kg, i.v.), a nonselective alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased MAP for 20 min without changing HR. @entity6116 also reversed JSL-induced @entity101 and @entity1168 . @entity3159 (1 mg/kg), an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, decreased MAP and increased HR for at least 110 min. @entity3159 reversed JSL-induced @entity101 but failed to affect JSL-induced @entity1168 . These results indicated that: (1) JSL-induced @entity1168 and @entity101 are mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors; (2) @entity3160 and @entity6116 may be useful in antagonizing these untoward reactions associated with JSL administration, whereas @entity3159 and @entity3897 were not found to be beneficial in this regard.

title: The effects of jingsongling, a @entity4763 analog, on mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in @entity235 --influences of @entity3160 , @entity6116 , @entity3159 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6116 :: ('MESH:D014043', 'Chemical') :: ['tolazoline', 'Tolazoline']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine sulfate', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']


abstract: In the period 1987-1991 a total of 739 fatalities among @entity734 was investigated at the three University Institutes of Forensic Medicine in Denmark. The annual number rose from 130-140 in the first 4 years to 192 in 1991, and 80% were males. The mean and median age for both males and females increased by 1 year in the period. The main drug of abuse was heroin, in most cases supplemented by various other drugs, and in almost all cases taken intravenously. In about one-third of the cases each year there was information of abuse of @entity167 in addition. In the @entity4968 cases, the main drug of @entity4968 was @entity1286 / @entity4521 , constituting 35-55% of the cases each year. As regards @entity284 - @entity4968 cases, the number increased significantly in 1991 compared to the first 4 years. Furthermore, the number and proportion of addicts dying while in @entity284 treatment increased during the 5-year period. In about half of the @entity284 @entity4968 cases, there was information of @entity284 treatment at the time of @entity204 . The other half obviously obtained the @entity284 completely illegally. @entity17850 was the third most frequent drug of @entity4968 , while @entity15848 and @entity17166 only were found in a very few cases each. The results are compared to those from an earlier investigation concerning drug deaths in Denmark in 1968-1986. The importance of registering drug deaths is emphasized.

title: XXXX among @entity734 in Denmark in 1987-1991.

entities_list: @entity15848 :: ('MESH:D011431', 'Chemical') :: ['propoxyphene']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity17166 :: ('MESH:C032232', 'Chemical') :: ['barbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addicts']

entities_list: @entity17850 :: ('MESH:C012394', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketobemidone']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['Deaths']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of prophylactic laser treatment to prevent @entity1939 in a @entity1 who was diagnosed with @entity11702 by genetic testing with amniocentesis. DESIGN: Case report. @entity1 : A 2-year-old white @entity1 with @entity11702 . METHODS: A 37-week gestational age male with a family history of @entity11702 was born via Cesarean section after the mother had undergone prenatal amniocentesis fetal-genetic testing at 23 weeks of gestation. A @entity22023 (nonsense) mutation was found in the @entity11702 gene. After examination under anesthesia confirmed the diagnosis on the first day of life, laser photocoagulation was applied to the avascular retina bilaterally. The @entity1 was followed closely by ophthalmology, pediatrics, and occupational therapy departments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Functional outcome, as documented by Teller visual acuity and formal occupational therapy testing, and anatomic outcome, as documented by Retcam photography and @entity941 angiography. RESULTS: Complete regression of extraretinal fibrovascular proliferation was observed 1 month after laser treatment. No @entity1713 had occurred to date at 24 months. Teller visual acuity at 23 months of life was 20/100 in both eyes. The @entity1 's vision and developmental milestones were age appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-term genetic diagnosis with immediate laser treatment after birth may preserve vision in individuals affected with @entity11702 .

title: Laser photocoagulation at birth prevents XXXX in @entity11702 diagnosed using amniocentesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity11702 :: ('MESH:C537849', 'Disease') :: ["Norrie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['blindness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of six different enteral diets on the gut barrier. DESIGN: Laboratory study. SETTING: University hospital, Germany. MATERIAL: 70 Specific pathogen free female Crl:CDR BR @entity35 . INTERVENTIONS: For 7 days, 6 groups of @entity35 were fed orally with standard chow (n = 15); total parenteral nutrition solution (oral @entity8856 , n = 15); @entity1417 ( @entity1417 , n = 10); nutrient-defined diet (NDD, n = 10); or the NDD supplemented with @entity5537 (NDD+ @entity5537 , n = 10), or fibre (NDD+fibre, n = 10). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, numbers of Gram negative enterobacteria and total aerobic bacteria in the caecum, and intestinal concentrations of secretory IgA. RESULTS: The incidence of bacterial translocation was significantly increased in the groups given oral TPN, @entity1417 , NDD, and NDD+ @entity5537 compared with the group given chow. Only NDD+fibre resulted in a similar degree of translocation to that in the chow group. All groups in which there was increased translocation had a highly significant overgrowth of aerobic bacteria in the caecum, mainly by Gram negative enteric organisms. The secretory IgA concentration was reduced in the group that had been given oral TPN, and that in the @entity1417 and NDD+ @entity5537 groups was similar to that in the chow group. NDD and NDD+fibre were associated with higher intestinal concentrations of secretory IgA than chow. CONCLUSION: Fibre-free enteral diets do not protect the gut antimicrobial barrier whatever else is in them. The superiority of early enteral as opposed to parenteral nutrition after injury may, therefore, not be the result of a specific protective effect on the gut barrier. The supplementation of commercial enteral diets with bulk fibre should be tested in clinical trials.

title: Fibre is an essential ingredient of enteral diets to limit bacterial translocation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1417 :: ('MESH:C565217', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'elemental diet']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity5274 (ET) seems to be caused by a longitudinal concave defect in the mucosal valve at the superior aspect of its anterolateral wall and causes troublesome autophony of one's own voice and breathing sounds. Patulous ET reconstruction was evaluated to analyze whether submucosal graft implantation to fill in the concavity within the patulous tubal valve may produce lasting relief of symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective trial. SETTING: Tertiary referral center, ambulatory surgery. @entity1 : Fourteen ETs in 11 adults with 1 or more years of confirmed continuous patulous ET symptoms refractory to medical care. INTERVENTION: Endoluminal patulous ET reconstruction was performed in 14 separate cases using a combined endoscopic transnasal and transoral approach under general anesthesia. A submucosal flap was raised along the anterolateral wall of the tubal lumen up to the valve and mobilized superiorly off of the basisphenoid. The pocket was filled with autologous cartilage graft or Alloderm implant, restoring the normal convexity and competence to the mucosal lumen valve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Autophony symptoms were scored as 1) complete relief; 2) significant improvement, satisfied; 3)significant improvement, dissatisfied; 4) unchanged; or 5)worse. RESULTS: All 14 cases reported immediate complete relief of autophony. Results with an average follow-up of 15.8 months are as follows: 1 (7%) case had complete relief; 5 (36%) had significant improvement, satisfied; 7 (50%) had significant improvement, dissatisfied; and 1 (7%) was unchanged. There were no complications. Correlation between patulous ET and other conditions was strongest with previous @entity409 . Autophony of voice, but not breathing sounds, was also found to be experienced by 17 (94%) of 18 @entity1 with superior semicircular @entity6783 and could be easily mistaken for patulous ET autophony. CONCLUSION: Patulous ET seems to be caused by a concave defect in the tubal valve's anterolateral wall. Submucosal graft implantation to restore the normal convexity to the valve wall seems to provide lasting relief of symptoms. Long-term study is needed. It is important to differentiate between the autophony of semicircular @entity6783 and patulous ET.

title: Diagnosis and management of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['patulous eustachian tube']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['tubal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['canal dehiscence syndrome']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['patulous eustachian tube']


abstract: The contributions of electrogenic @entity1372 / @entity460 exchange current (INaCa), @entity460 -activated @entity2865 conductance [ICl( @entity9495 )], and @entity460 -activated nonselective cation conductance to delayed afterdepolarizations (DAD) were examined. Nonselective cation channels were absent in @entity235 M cells, since inhibition of INaCa and ICl( @entity9495 ) eliminated all @entity460 -activated currents without abolishing cell shortening. After the cells were treated with @entity3044 and @entity7832 to increase @entity460 loading, INaCa was 168 +/- 30 x 10(-3) pC/pF and ICl( @entity9495 ) was 114 +/- 24 x 10(-3) pC/pF. Transient overlapping inward and outward currents were evoked positive to the @entity2865 reversal potential (ECl). Outward current was @entity2865 sensitive, and inward current was blocked by replacement of external @entity1372 with @entity1091 . When ECl was -50 mV, triggered activity occurred in normal external @entity1372 and persisted after inhibition of INaCa. Steps to -80 mV revealed oscillating inward currents in normal @entity1372 and @entity2865 , which persisted after inhibition of INaCa. When ECl was equal to -113 mV, ICl( @entity9495 ) opposed INaCa at the resting potential. DAD occurred in normal @entity1372 , and inhibition of outward ICl( @entity9495 ) provoked triggered activity. We conclude that INaCa represents approximately 60% of the total @entity460 -activated current at resting potentials but that both INaCa and ICl( @entity9495 ) work in concert to cause DAD in @entity460 -overloaded cells.

title: INaCa and ICl( @entity9495 ) contribute to XXXX -induced delayed after depolarizations in midmyocardial cells.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoproterenol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the angiogenic proteins basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity540 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) have been implicated in mechanisms of @entity1 @entity5 and @entity3 . Assays were conducted on the urine of @entity1 with @entity455 ( @entity5 and @entity600 ), relatively common and occasionally life-threatening disorders for which few therapies exist. We sought to determine whether these angiogenesis modulators are present in the urine and whether their expression is associated with the extent and clinical course of the @entity455 . METHODS: A total of 217 @entity1 with @entity455 and 74 age-matched control subjects participated. Urinary MMP expression was determined by substrate gel electrophoresis. Urinary @entity540 and @entity7 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each @entity1 was assigned to 1 of 2 categories ( @entity5 or @entity600 ) and 1 of 9 specific groups. Extent of the @entity455 and activity were scored by a blinded clinician. RESULTS: Urinary high molecular weight ( @entity23641 ) MMPs and @entity540 were significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity5 (53%) and @entity1462 (41%), compared with control subjects (22%). These percentages increased as a function of extent of the lesion and disease activity. @entity23641 MMPs were increased in 4 groups: @entity7492 , other @entity1350 , @entity600 and @entity600 , and extensive and unremitting @entity600 and @entity2758 . No significant differences among the groups were detected for low molecular weight MMPs or @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Expression patterns of @entity23641 MMPs and @entity540 in the urine of @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity600 are consistent with their different clinical behavior. These data represent the first evidence that MMPs are elevated in the urine of @entity1 with @entity455 . These data also suggest that the increased expression of urinary MMPs parallels the extent and activity of @entity455 in @entity1 . In addition to @entity5 , @entity1462 are angiogenesis dependent, suggesting that progression of a @entity1462 might be suppressed by angiogenic inhibitors, which would target @entity540 and MMPs.

title: Increased expression of urinary matrix metalloproteinases parallels the extent and activity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion', 'vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'vascular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['capillary malformation', 'capillary-lymphaticovenous malformations', 'lymphatic malformation', 'malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations', 'vascular malformation']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular anomalies']


abstract: Five @entity1 with @entity4924 were operated on with closure of the @entity118 and implantation of a mechanical prosthesis at the right atrioventricular junction. The 4 @entity1 who survived showed an excellent early recovery. Three of the @entity1 noticed the disappearance of the valve clicks 6 months after the operation. At re-examination using echophonocardiography, peripheral dye dilution curves and catheterization, these valves were found to be stuck in the open position in 2 @entity1 and in the closed position in 1 @entity1 . The last @entity1 had a paravalvar channel supplying blood into the right ventricle. One @entity1 who had a St. Jude prosthesis was doing excellently 4 years postoperatively and the valve was functioning well. Two years after the operation, the other @entity1 with a St. Jude valve again noticed valve clicks after over 1 year of silence. Examination revealed the prosthesis to be functioning normally. The totally occluded Bj  rk-Shiley prosthesis (10 years postoperatively) was excised at re-operation and replaced by an Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthesis. The @entity1 with a jammed Bj  rk-Shiley prosthesis (10 years postoperatively) declined a re-operation and is doing well, albeit under close observation.

title: Failure of mechanical valves in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's malformation"]

answer: @entity4924 :: (MESH:D004437,Disease) :: ['Ebstein's malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Orbital floor @entity174 are uncommon in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to review the presentation, management, and outcomes for @entity1 with these injuries. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 72 consecutive @entity1 with orbital floor @entity174 over a 21-year period. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 with 76 @entity174 were identified. Mean follow-up time was 14.2    4 months. The majority (50 percent) of @entity1 suffered minimally displaced @entity174 , whereas 17 percent (13 of 76) suffered blowout @entity174 and 5 percent (four of 76) suffered trapdoor @entity174 . Nineteen percent of @entity1 (14 of 72) presented with decreased visual acuity and 8 percent (six of 72) had @entity9577 on presentation. Thirty-three percent (24 of 72) underwent surgery. The most common indications for surgery were size of the @entity174 , followed by muscle entrapment. @entity174 width and the defect width-to-orbital width ratios were significantly greater in the operative cohort versus their conservatively managed counterparts (20.7 mm versus 7.7 mm, p < 0.05, and 0.54 versus 0.32, p < 0.05, respectively). Surgery was not associated with improved visual outcomes (p < 0.05). However, @entity1 who underwent reconstruction had a significantly lower adjusted risk of @entity9577 on follow-up (relative risk, 0.02; 95 percent CI, 0.00 to 0.49; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Operative intervention prevents @entity9577 in pediatric @entity1 with pediatric orbital floor @entity174 , and @entity1 who present with decreased visual acuity should be cautioned that surgical intervention does not improve visual outcomes. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, II.

title: Pediatric Orbital Floor Fractures: Outcome Analysis of 72 XXXX with Orbital Floor Fractures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9577 :: ('MESH:D015841', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Prostatic tissues from 20 @entity1 with confirmed @entity263 were studied electron-microscopically. Biopsies were taken 4 weeks after castration. Most @entity189 cells revealed signs of @entity342 deprivation. In embryonal like light cells the changes were not significant. In @entity342 -dependent cells we distinguished three different reactions: 1. Emergency of lysosomes and focal degradation of cytoplasma. These changes seemed to us to be the first step in the cell involution. 2. Total vacuolisation of the cells was seen in the advanced stages of cell involution. All organelles of the cell showed signs of @entity528 . Sometimes the changes were irreversible. 3. 4 weeks after castration @entity39 of cells were seldom seen.

title: [Electron microscopy of XXXX cells following castration (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate CT-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation of @entity10545 using internally cooled monopolar RF electrodes for technical success, complications and clinical long-term success. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 1999 and July 2006, 23 @entity1 were treated under general anesthesia with CT-guided RF ablation using an internally cooled monopolar single RF electrode (Cool-tip, Valleylab, TycoHealthcare, Boulder, USA; active tip: 10 mm). For the removal of the nidus, we used either a manual or an automated drill. The technical success was evaluated by a CT scan (MSCT, Siemens Medical Solutions, Forchheim). The clinical long-term success was investigated by questioning @entity1 prior to discharge, and after 6, 12 and 18 months. After 18 months, @entity1 were interviewed on an annual basis. RESULTS: The technical success rate was 100 %. The nidus was located in n = 19 cases at the lower extremity and in n = 4 cases at the upper extremity. Minor complications were observed for n = 2 @entity1 . The mean hospitalization time was 1.5 d (1-2 d). The mean follow-up was 75.9 months (18-120 months) for n = 23 @entity1 . No local recurrence was observed. One @entity1 had intermediate @entity158 one week after RF ablation without recurrent symptoms. CONCLUSION: CT-guided RF ablation using an internally cooled monopolar single RF electrode is an effective and safe minimally invasive method for the treatment of @entity10545 with excellent clinical long-term success.

title: [CT-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation of XXXX : clinical long-term results].

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['osteoid osteoma']


abstract: In @entity28 and the early stages of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), proinflammatory cytokines are mildly elevated in the systemic circulation. This low-grade systemic @entity32 exposes pancreatic islets to these circulating cytokines at much lower levels than seen within the islet during insulitis. These low-dose effects have not been well described. We examined @entity19 islets treated overnight with a low-dose cytokine combination commonly associated with @entity32 ( @entity637 , @entity635 , and @entity60 ). We then examined islet function primarily using intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ](i)), a key component of insulin secretion and cytokine signaling. Cytokine-treated islets demonstrated several features that suggested dysfunction including excess [ @entity141 ](i) in low physiological @entity413 (3mM), reduced responses to @entity413 stimulation, and disrupted [ @entity141 ](i) oscillations. Interestingly, islets taken from young db/db @entity19 showed similar disruptions in [ @entity141 ](i) dynamics as cytokine-treated islets. Additional studies of control islets showed that the cytokine-induced elevation in basal [ @entity141 ](i) was due to both greater @entity460 influx through L-type- @entity460 -channels and reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) @entity460 storage. Many of these cytokine-induced disruptions could be reproduced by SERCA blockade. Our data suggest that chronic low-grade @entity32 produces circulating cytokine levels that are sufficient to induce beta-cell dysfunction and may play a contributing role in beta-cell failure in early @entity2175 .

title: Evidence that low-grade systemic XXXX can induce islet dysfunction as measured by impaired @entity460 handling.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: It is now recognized that spinal dural arteriovenous @entity292 causes @entity602 , resulting from @entity101 of the spinal cord. We have recently encountered a rare case of high cervical @entity2457 which caused @entity510 . The @entity1 was a 62-year-old female, who had exhibited an abrupt onset of severe @entity10 and @entity909 . Plain head CT scan revealed @entity510 . No @entity455 were found on the first cerebral angiography. The second angiographical examination demonstrated a @entity2758 at the high cervical region. A dural arteriovenous @entity292 around the right C2 nerve root was found by surgical intervention. The @entity292 was recognized between rt. C2 radicular artery and dural sheath of rt. C2 nerve root, draining to the epidural plexus and intradural local medullary vein. No serpentine coronal venous plexus on the dorsal aspect of the cervical cord was seen as it is in a usual dural type of @entity2548 . The @entity548 point was an intradural varix of the medullary vein just where it penetrated the nerve root area. Feeder ligation of the C2 radicular artery and coating of the varix complex were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. The @entity1 was discharged from our institute with no @entity51 .

title: [A rare case of high cervical XXXX presenting with @entity510 ].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['spinal arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['congestive venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['spinal arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord dural arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['spinal cord dural arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Access to effective surgical treatments such as @entity0 is often restricted on the grounds of @entity1 @entity28 . However, there is a lack of unambiguous data on the surgical risks of @entity28 in @entity1 undergoing @entity0 . The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between @entity1 @entity28 , as determined by body mass index (BMI), and surgical outcome following bilateral @entity0 (BBR). METHODS: Retrospective review of case notes was conducted for 306 @entity1 who underwent BBR in our unit over a 5-year period. BMI, resection weight, smoking history, technique, complications and outcomes were determined from records of follow-up assessment. RESULTS: Overall complication rate was 53.9%, with multiple complications of 22.9%. A significant increase in complications after BBR with increasing BMI was identified (p = 0.019 any complication, p = 0.002 multiple complications). The effect of BMI on multiple complications was significant and independent of resection weight (p = 0.031) and reduction technique (p = 0.020). Smoking was associated with higher wound dehiscence and multiple complications. We developed a model for predicting risk of complications based on key variables. Despite higher complications, there was no significant difference in aesthetic outcome at follow-up between the BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings add to the body of evidence that @entity28 is associated with an increased risk of @entity532 . This has implications for surgeons and healthcare payers. However the majority of complications were minor and aesthetic outcomes were satisfactory in the majority of cases. The use of a 'target' BMI as exclusion criteria should therefore be treated with caution.

title: XXXX in mammaplasty: a study of complications following @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast reduction']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Common mechanisms for the development of micro- and macroangiopathic @entity2412 have been suggested. We aimed to cross-sectionally investigate strength and characteristics of the association between @entity2998 and @entity455 in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), @entity543 ( @entity543 ) type and degree of @entity850 were evaluated by ultrasound, along with the determination of anthropometric parameters, HbA1c, lipid profile, assessment of @entity6 and @entity8 , in 662 consecutive @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity1 were divided according to high/low cIMT, presence/absence of @entity543 and of @entity989 and @entity8 . @entity1 with @entity543 were older, more prevalently males, past smokers, had @entity6 , significantly lower HDL @entity165 and more prevalent @entity741 (all p<0.05) as compared to those with @entity6864 mm. @entity455 were more prevalent in @entity1 with @entity543 than in those without. At multivariate logistic regression, factors independently associated with the presence of @entity543 were age, past smoke, HDL @entity165 , @entity989 and @entity989 plus @entity8 . A significant independent correlation of @entity543 with stage of @entity989 and @entity8 was found. Finally, echolucent CPs were associated with a lower prevalence of @entity989 than @entity543 containing @entity460 deposits. CONCLUSION: In @entity6 , @entity989 , alone or in combination with @entity8 , is independently associated to @entity543 , and severity of @entity455 correlates with severity of @entity2998 . These observations, together with the different prevalence of @entity989 according to @entity543 types, point to possible common pathogenic mechanisms in micro- and macrovascular complications.

title: XXXX is independently associated with presence, severity and composition of @entity2998 in type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Microangiopathies', 'microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'T2DM', 'diabetic retinopathy', 'longer diabetes duration', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['CP stenosis', 'CP', 'carotid plaque']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Microangiopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neutrophils from a @entity1 in first remission of @entity3052 were found to lack NA1 and NA2 alloantigens. This NA null phenotype was converted to the normal phenotype of NA1, @entity4069 by the transplantation of bone marrow from an HLA-identical sibling. To investigate the inherited or acquired nature of this rare phenotype, a combination of conventional neutrophil serology and recently developed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays was used. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Diagnosis, remission, and posttransplant @entity1 peripheral blood samples were used for neutrophil phenotyping by granulocyte agglutination and immunofluorescence tests. The presence and dose of the gene for neutrophil @entity4070 ( @entity4070 ) were tested for with RFLP and Southern analysis and PCR-based RFLP tests. Plasma levels of circulating soluble @entity4071 (sFc gamma RIII) were measured with radioimmunoassay. The sibling bone marrow donor and the @entity1 's parents were also studied. RESULTS: RFLP analysis of DNA obtained from the @entity1 at the time of diagnosis showed that she lacked the @entity4070 gene for neutrophil @entity4071 (i.e., @entity4070 ), but that, in DNA prepared from posttransplant samples, the @entity4070 gene was present. Quantitation of plasma levels of soluble @entity4071 (sFcRIII) demonstrated a complete absence of sFcRIII in the @entity1 's pretransplant plasma. However, 20 units of sFcRIII were detected in the @entity1 's plasma by 160 days after graft. Hair samples from the @entity1 provided sufficient nonhematopoietic, genomic DNA to confirm that her genotype was NA0NA0. DNA prepared from lymphocytes of both parents and the sibling marrow donor was used to quantitate their @entity4070 gene dose. The mother and brother had only one @entity4070 gene each, while the father apparently had a normal complement of two @entity4070 genes. CONCLUSION: In this case, an inherited absence of @entity4070 gene in a @entity1 with @entity3052 was unintentionally corrected by the transplantation of bone marrow from a sibling donor who himself carried only one @entity4070 gene.

title: Abnormal neutrophil phenotype and neutrophil XXXX deficiency corrected by bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity4070 :: ('2215', 'Gene') :: ['Fc gamma RIIIb', 'Fc gamma RIIIB']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4071 :: ('2214', 'Gene') :: ['Fc gamma RIII', 'FcRIII']

answer: @entity4071 :: (2214,Gene) :: ['FcRIII']


abstract: Both early post-ischaemic blood-brain barrier disruption and enhanced brain endogenous opioid system activity have been implicated in the pathogeneses of @entity528 ; however, their roles in neonatal @entity1763 have not been evaluated. Under alpha-Chloralose anaesthesia, 17 newborn @entity742 were asphyxiated until their mean arterial pressures were < or = 25 mmHg. They were then immediately resuscitated, and assigned to two groups. Group I, but not group II @entity742 received IV bolus of 10 mg kg-1 @entity1510 within 5 min of resuscitation. The infusion was continued at the same dose hourly until sacrificed 24 h post- @entity1763 . Arterial pH/gases, intracranial/arterial pressures, and rectal temperature were monitored. Neurological examinations were performed on both groups prior to sacrifice, and the blood-brain barrier integrity was assessed by Evans blue. Despite aggressive resuscitation, 5 @entity742 died during @entity1763 , but 12 survived and were assigned according to the protocol. There were no significant group differences in the magnitude of @entity1763 , arterial and intracranial pressures. However, blood-brain barrier disruption was observed in 5 out of 6 untreated, and in only 1 of the 6 @entity742 treated with @entity1510 (p < 0.05). @entity16 were observed in 75% of @entity742 with disrupted, but in none of the animals with intact blood-brain barrier (p < 0.05). Our study suggests that post- @entity1763 blood-brain barrier disruption is causally related to poor neurological outcome, and that @entity1510 prevents both the disruption, and the @entity51 among those survivors with intact blood-brain barrier.

title: The effects of @entity1510 on the post-asphyxic cerebral pathophysiology of newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Severe neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic neuronal damage']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is generally associated with disturbances of mineral and bone metabolism. They contribute to the development of @entity729 ( @entity729 ), a strong, independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. @entity9955 ( @entity7371 ), an endogenous inhibitor of @entity692 formation, has been shown to slow the progression of @entity729 in uremic animals. Since in @entity1 with @entity740 treatment is usually initiated for already existing calcifications, we aimed to compare the efficacy of @entity7371 therapy with that of the @entity4613 binder sevelamer, using a uremic @entity2204 knockout @entity19 model with advanced VCs. After @entity740 creation or sham surgery, 12-week-old female @entity19 were randomized to one sham group and four @entity740 groups (n  =  18-19/group). Treatment was initiated 8  weeks after left nephrectomy allowing prior @entity729 development. Uremic groups received either intraperitoneal @entity7371 (high dose, 1.65  mg/kg or low dose, 0.33  mg/kg per day), oral sevelamer (3  % in diet), or placebo treatment for 8  weeks. Both intima and media calcifications worsened with time in placebo-treated @entity740 @entity19 , based on both quantitative image analysis and biochemical measurements. Progression of calcification between 8 and 16  weeks was entirely halted by @entity7371 treatment, as it was by sevelamer treatment. @entity7371 did not induce consistent bone histomorphometry changes. Finally, the beneficial vascular action of @entity7371 probably involved mechanisms different from that of sevelamer. Further studies are needed to gain more precise insight into underlying mechanisms and to see whether @entity7371 administration may also be useful in @entity1 with @entity740 and @entity729 .

title: Peritoneal Delivery of Sodium Pyrophosphate Blocks the Progression of Pre-existing @entity729 in Uremic Apolipoprotein-E Knockout XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein-E']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification', 'VC']

entities_list: @entity9955 :: ('MESH:C107241', 'Chemical') :: ['Pyrophosphate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: We assessed the mechanical properties of PC-12 neurites by applying a force with calibrated glass needles and measured resulting changes in neurite length and deflection of the needle. We observed a linear relationship between force and length change that was not affected by multiple distensions and were thus able to determine neurite spring constants and initial, nondistended, rest tensions. 81 out of 82 neurites showed positive rest tensions ranging over three orders of magnitude with most values clustering around 30-40 mu dynes. Treatment with cytochalasin D significantly reduced neurite rest tensions to an average compression equal to 14% of the former @entity2701 and spring constants to an average of 17% of resting values. Treatment with @entity10612 increased neurite rest tensions to an average of 282% of resting values but produced no change in spring constant. These observations suggest a particular type of complementary force interaction underlying axonal shape; the neurite actin network under @entity2701 and neurite microtubules under compression. Thermodynamics suggests that microtubule (MT) assembly may be regulated by changes in compressive load. We tested this effect by releasing neurite attachment to a @entity7055 -coated surface with @entity17468 , thus shifting external compressive support onto internal elements, and measuring the relative change in MT polymerization using quantitative Western blotting. Neurons grown on @entity7055 or collagen without further treatment had a 1:2 ratio of soluble to polymerized tubulin. When neurites grown on @entity7055 were treated with 1% @entity17468 for 15-30 min, 80% of neurites retracted, shifting the soluble: polymerized tubulin ratio to 1:1. @entity17468 treatment of cells grown on collagen, or grown on @entity7055 but treated with cytochalasin to reduce @entity2701 , caused neither retraction nor a change in the soluble:polymerized tubulin ratio. We suggest that the release of adhesion to the dish shifted the compressive load formerly borne by the dish onto Mts causing their partial depolymerization. Our observations are consistent with the possibility that alterations in MT compression during growth cone advance integrates MT assembly with the advance.

title: XXXX and compression in the cytoskeleton of PC-12 neurites. II: Quantitative measurements.

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

entities_list: @entity17468 :: ('MESH:C017645', 'Chemical') :: ['polyaspartate', 'Polyaspartate']

entities_list: @entity7055 :: ('MESH:D011107', 'Chemical') :: ['polylysine']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['Tension']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the benefit of adding a nonsteroid agent to an antibiotic/ @entity134 combination after uneventful phacoemulsification, adopting a weekly follow-up, to gain insight into the optimal duration of postoperative treatment and to examine whether risk factors for @entity32 exist. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to (i) @entity2890 0.3%- @entity619 0.1%, 1 drop q.i.d. (n = 72), and (ii) a combination of @entity2890 0.3%- @entity619 0.1%, 1 drop q.i.d., plus @entity3285 0.5%, 1 drop t.i.d. (n = 73). On days 7, 14, 21 and 28, the frequency of @entity32 -related signs ( @entity3279 , @entity3169 , anterior chamber or Tyndall reaction) as well as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured. On day 21, logistic regression was performed to evaluate risk factors for @entity32 . RESULTS: The frequency of @entity32 -related signs did not differ between the 2 groups at any time point, neither did BCVA. On day 21, pseudoexfoliation was associated with the presence of any @entity32 -related sign (OR = 4.5; 95% CI: 1.2-16.0; p = 0.022). No evidence of clinically significant @entity1103 became evident in either group. CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity6058 did not seem to offer any additional benefit in terms of @entity32 -related signs. Four weeks appeared as an adequate treatment interval. Special attention should be paid to @entity1 with pseudoexfoliation.

title: Ketorolac plus XXXX / @entity619 versus @entity2890 / @entity619 after uneventful phacoemulsification surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity2890 :: (MESH:D014031,Chemical) :: ['tobramycin']


abstract: With the aim of assessing the effectiveness and safety of @entity5753 in @entity1 with @entity1007 after heart transplantation, as well as the potential differences in the lipid-lowering effect of @entity5753 between @entity1 with or without pretransplant @entity453 ( @entity453 ), we studied 63 heart transplant @entity1 who had serum total @entity165 > 250 mg/dl in spite of dietary therapy. Mean age of subjects was 47 +/- 2 years. Triple-drug immunosuppressive therapy consisted of @entity205 , @entity500 , and @entity230 . Thirty-nine @entity1 (62%) had pretransplant @entity453 and 24 (38%) did not. Pretreatment serum lipid levels were: total @entity165 , 302 +/- 32 mg/dl; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , 201 +/- 35 mg/dl; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , 60 +/- 19 mg/dl; @entity1674 , 205 +/- 86 mg/dl; and total/HDL @entity165 ratio, 5.4 +/- 1.6. @entity1 received 10 to 40 mg/day of @entity5753 (mean dose 17 +/- 6) for 13 +/- 4 months. There were no serious adverse events. At 3 months, @entity5753 decreased total @entity165 by 15% (p < 0.001), LDL @entity165 by 21% (p < 0.001), @entity1674 by 17% (p < 0.05), and total/HDL @entity165 ratio by 17% (p < 0.001), and increased HDL @entity165 by 3% (NS). Although @entity5753 was effective in both @entity1 with pretransplant @entity453 and non- @entity453 , analysis of its effect in each subgroup ( @entity453 and non- @entity453 ) revealed that its lipid-lowering effect was higher for non- @entity453 @entity1 (-20% vs -12% for total @entity165 , and -27% vs -17% for LDL @entity165 , both p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of the effectiveness of @entity5753 therapy for @entity1007 after heart transplantation between @entity1 with and without pretransplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic coronary artery disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frequency of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) among @entity1 in whom @entity1151 was suspected and excluded by pulmonary angiography. METHODS: Data are from the Prospective Investigation of @entity1151 Diagnosis (PIOPED). The present investigation includes 380 @entity1 in whom @entity1151 was excluded by pulmonary angiography and who received no anticoagulant therapy while in the hospital or after discharge. @entity1 were followed 1 year after their normal pulmonary angiograms. RESULTS: @entity1151 occurred within 1 year in 6 of 380 (1.6%)(95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3 to 2.9%) @entity1 with suspected @entity1151 and normal pulmonary angiograms. Four of six (67%) @entity1151 were nonfatal. Three of six (50%) @entity1151 occurred in the first 8 days and four of six (67%) @entity1151 occurred within the first month. Among @entity1 who subsequently showed @entity1151 , a history of @entity2268 or an objective test suggestive of @entity1150 was present in five of six (83%). Symptoms, signs, and @entity854 were similar among @entity1 who showed @entity1151 on follow-up and those who did not, although the pulmonary artery mean pressure was higher among those with subsequent @entity1151 (34 +/- 25 mm Hg vs 22 +/- 10 mm Hg) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The frequency of @entity1151 on follow-up among @entity1 with normal pulmonary angiograms is small. There is, however, a real and measureable rate of clinically important @entity1151 over the subsequent 12 months that is higher than reported in the general population of hospitalized @entity1 . @entity1 with suspected @entity1151 , therefore, even if their angiogram is normal, might benefit from definitive studies of the lower extremities to exclude @entity1150 . The cost benefit ratio of this, however, has not been evaluated.

title: Continuing risk of thromboemboli among XXXX with normal pulmonary angiograms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'PE', 'future pulmonary embolism', 'Pulmonary Embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In vitro studies suggest that interventions targeted at myocardial gene regulation of endogenous cytoprotective elements, such as @entity1457 protein, may attenuate @entity741 . We tested the hypothesis that @entity1457 -induced expression of @entity296 protein before @entity63 accelerates functional recovery of postischemic stunned @entity1562 in the intact circulation. Sixteen @entity235 underwent partial femoral arteriovenous bypass and core temperature was raised to 42 degrees C for 15 minutes in eight @entity235 (heat-shocked) and maintained at 37 degrees C in eight @entity235 (nonheat-shocked). After 24 hours @entity235 were studied to measure myocardial segment length in the circumflex artery region with ultrasonic dimension transducers, left ventricular pressure with a micromanometer, and circumflex coronary flow with an ultrasonic probe. Regional contractile function was quantified by the area beneath the linear preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship at baseline and at intervals during reperfusion after a 15-minute circumflex @entity432 followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. Baseline and peak reperfusion hyperemic circumflex flows were 37 +/- 9 ml/min and 154 +/- 33 ml/min, respectively, in heat-shocked @entity235 (p < 0.001) and 46 +/- 24 ml/min and 171 +/- 57 ml/min, respectively, in nonheat-shocked @entity235 (p < 0.001), with no differences between groups (p = not significant) at any time during reperfusion. Heart rate and left ventricular peak pressure, end-diastolic pressure, and first derivative of left ventricular pressure were similar (all p = not significant) in heat-shocked and nonheat-shocked @entity235 during @entity63 and reperfusion. Before @entity63 , preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship did not differ (p = not significant) in heat-shocked and nonheat-shocked @entity235 . @entity63 reduced preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship to 32% +/- 8% control (p < 0.001) in heat-shocked @entity235 and to 19% +/- 15% control in nonheat-shocked @entity235 (p < 0.001) at 15 minutes of reperfusion, indicating a similar (p = not significant) @entity130 . During 3 hours of reperfusion, preload recruitable @entity64 work relationship returned to 80% +/- 38% control in heat-shocked @entity235 but to only 33% +/- 13% control in nonheat-shocked @entity235 (p < 0.0001). Myocardial expression of @entity1457 protein, quantified by optical densitometry of Western blots using an antibody specific for @entity21363 , was greater in heat-shocked than in nonheat-shocked @entity235 (108 +/- 27 versus 71 +/- 14 densitometry units, p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Accelerated recovery of postischemic stunned @entity1562 after induced expression of XXXX protein ( @entity21363 ).

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial heat-shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock', 'heat-shock']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['initial degree of injury']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial heat-shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta blockers to slow the development of end @entity177 in non- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity177 . DESIGN: Open randomised multicentre trial with three year follow up. SETTING: Outpatient departments of six French hospitals. @entity1 : 100 @entity101 @entity1 with @entity177 (initial serum @entity1011 200-400 mumol/l. 52 randomised to @entity4688 and 48 to beta blockers (conventional treatment). INTERVENTIONS: @entity4688 or beta blocker was combined with @entity1483 and, if necessary, a @entity460 blocker or centrally acting drug in @entity1 whose diastolic pressure remained above 90 mm Hg. RESULTS: 17 @entity1 receiving conventional treatment and 10 receiving @entity4688 developed end @entity177 . The cumulative renal survival rate was significantly better in the @entity4688 group than in the conventional group (P < 0.05). The slope of the reciprocal serum @entity1011 concentration was steeper in the conventionally treated @entity1 (-6.89 x 10(-5)l/mumol/month) than in the @entity4688 group (-4.17 x 10(-5)l/mumol/month; P < 0.05). No difference in blood pressure was found between groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity101 @entity1 with @entity177 @entity4688 slows progression towards end @entity177 compared with beta blockers. This effect was probably not mediated through controlling blood pressure.

title: Randomised controlled trial of @entity4688 and beta blockers in non- @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril', 'enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['frusemide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the possible association between @entity210 and @entity323 ( @entity323 ). METHODS: Studies were identified by extensively searching EMBASE, Pubmed, CENTRAL and ISI Web of Science. Four electronic databases were searched from their inception date to the latest issue (March 2016), without language restriction. Each reviewer screened articles independently and was blinded to the findings of the other reviewer. Data was extracted in adherence to the predetermined data collection form and meta-analysis was conducted via RevMan 5.3. RESULTS: Five studies involving 56465 @entity1 (mean age: 49.11 years) with @entity210 and 155636 non- @entity210 subjects (mean age: 48.76 years) were selected. The combination of unadjusted odds ratio (OR) showed that @entity1 with @entity210 were 1.44 times more likely to be diagnosed with @entity323 when compared with control (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.20, 1.72). After adjustment for age and comorbidities, the heightened risk to develop @entity323 was still present (1.18, 95%CI 1.02, 1.38). Subgroup-analysis by age showed statistically significant association of @entity210 and @entity323 in all age groups. However, evidence supporting a causal effect of @entity210 on @entity323 was insufficient. CONCLUSION: The findings of this review indicated a positive association of @entity210 and @entity323 , but this work is hampered by the heterogeneity among included studies, to some extent. Future studies with larger community-based homogeneous population and randomized controlled trials aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity210 treatment on @entity323 associated outcomes are needed at this point.

title: Association between Gout and XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['Erectile Dysfunction']


abstract: The study aims to compare anti- @entity28 interventions in a single evidence synthesis framework. Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of @entity350 , @entity351 or @entity352 reporting weight or body mass index (BMI) change from baseline at 3, 6 or 12 months. A mixed treatment comparison was used to combine direct and indirect trial evidence. Ninety-four studies involving 24,808 individuals were included; 83 trials included data on weight change and 41 on BMI change. All results are in comparison with placebo. The active drugs were all effective at reducing weight and BMI. At 3 months, orlistat reduced weight by -2.65 kg (95% credibility interval -4.00 kg, -1.31 kg). For @entity352 , 15 mg gave a greater reduction than 10 mg at 12 months, -6.35 kg versus -5.42 kg, respectively. @entity351 reduced weight by -11.23 kg at 3 months and -4.55 kg at 12 months. Lifestyle advice alone also reduced weight at 6 and 12 months, but was less effective than the pharmacological interventions. In conclusion, modest @entity353 were seen for all pharmacological interventions. Those interventions which have now been withdrawn from use ( @entity352 and @entity351 ) seem to be the most effective, implying that there may be a place in clinical practice for similar drugs if side effects could be avoided.

title: A systematic review and mixed treatment comparison of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['orlistat']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reductions']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity351 :: ('MESH:C089032', 'Chemical') :: ['rimonabant', 'Rimonabant']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) frequently develops in @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy, and @entity1875 -based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) has been reported to reduce the incidence of @entity1209 . The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of @entity16243 on @entity1209 in @entity1 following total thyroidectomy under TIVA. METHODS: One hundred and thirty @entity1 scheduled for thyroidectomy were allocated to either a control group (n = 65) or a @entity16243 group (n = 65). @entity1875 in combination with @entity1937 was used for TIVA in all @entity1 . 2 ml of either intravenous saline (control group) or 0.3 mg of @entity16243 ( @entity16243 group) were administered at the end of the surgery. @entity3575 -based @entity1 -controlled analgesia was implemented for 48 h after surgery in all @entity1 . The incidences and severities of @entity1209 , @entity158 scores, administrations of rescue antiemetics, and the side effects of the antiemetics were documented during the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS: The incidences of complete response (no @entity1209 , no rescue) in the control and @entity16243 groups were 71% and 88%, respectively, during the first 6 h (P = 0.029), 85% and 94% during the next 6 to 24 h period (P = 0.155), and 97% and 95% during the last 24 to 48 h period (P = 1.00). During the first 6 h, the severity of @entity390 and the use of rescue antiemetic medication were significantly lower in the @entity16243 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16243 was found to be effective at reducing the incidence and severity of postoperative @entity390 in @entity1 that underwent total thyroidectomy with @entity1875 -based TIVA, especially during the first 6 hours postoperatively.

title: The preventative effect of XXXX on postoperative @entity390 and vomiting after total thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16243 :: ('MESH:C071315', 'Chemical') :: ['Ramosetron', 'ramosetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['Fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity16243 :: (MESH:C071315,Chemical) :: ['ramosetron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The injury risks to @entity1 who ride all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are well documented and include increased risk of @entity204 or hospitalization. We identify pediatric hospitalization trends for @entity11254 injuries, provide national benchmarks, and discuss policy and prevention implications. METHODS: We used data (1997-2006) from the kid's inpatient database, the only all-payer inpatient care database for @entity1 in the United States. @entity1 and adolescents aged 0 year to 17 years were included. We generate national estimates of hospitalizations. RESULTS: Total pediatric hospitalizations for @entity11254 injuries have increased 150% from an estimated 1,618 in 1997 to 4,039 in 2006. The overall @entity11254 -related injury hospitalization rate increased 139% from 2.3 per 100,000 in 1997 to 5.5 per 100,000 in 2006. Rates increased for both males and females, although the rate for males remained much larger than for females in 2006 (8.1 per 100,000 vs. 2.7 per 100,000, p < 0.001). For all age groups, @entity11254 hospitalizations increased significantly between 1997 and 2006, but this change was most pronounced among those aged 15 years to 17 years. @entity11254 hospitalization rates also increased significantly for @entity1 hospitalized with @entity131 . CONCLUSIONS: ATVs are associated with a significant and increasing number of hospitalizations for @entity1 . Reexamination of previous federal policies, including the potential for a new consent decree between the Consumer Product Safety Commission and @entity11254 industry representatives, should be considered to address this alarming trend and to adopt effective strategies to minimize the use by @entity1 . Enforceable state-level policy to promote helmet use among @entity11254 riders seems to be critically needed.

title: Still unsafe, still in use: ongoing epidemic of all-terrain vehicle injury hospitalizations among XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We reviewed the cases of thirty-seven young @entity1 , ten to thirty-six years old, who had had spontaneous @entity1347 joint. Sudden atraumatic subluxation is quite alarming to the @entity1 and the physician. Twenty-nine of the thirty-seven @entity1 were treated non-operatively by observation and rehabilitative measures. Eight @entity1 had been treated elsewhere with attempted operative reconstruction of the sternoclavicular joint or with resection arthroplasty. After an average follow-up of eight years, the twenty-nine @entity1 who were treated non-operatively (group I) had excellent results, with no limitations of activity or changes in life-style. The eight @entity1 who were treated operatively (group II) had numerous problems, including noticeable @entity2318 , persistent instability, @entity158 , or limitation of activity that resulted in an alteration in lifestyle. Three of the eight @entity1 had had a resection of the medial portion of the clavicle. Two of them had a second resection and the third @entity1 had a third resection. A @entity531 developed in this @entity1 and the clavicle had to be totally resected to obtain relief. Since spontaneous @entity1347 joint has a benign natural course, it should not be treated with operative stabilization of the joint. Instead, a conservative approach that includes education and reassurance of the @entity1 will result in an unaltered lifestyle with no limitation of activity and little or no discomfort.

title: Spontaneous XXXX joint.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['atraumatic anterior subluxation of the sternoclavicular']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic-outlet syndrome']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['atraumatic anterior subluxation of the sternoclavicular']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many adolescents with mental health problems experience transition of care from @entity1 and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS). AIMS: As part of the TRACK study we evaluated the process, outcomes and user and carer experience of transition from CAMHS to AMHS. METHOD: We identified a cohort of service users crossing the CAMHS/AMHS boundary over 1 year across six mental health trusts in England. We tracked their journey to determine predictors of optimal transition and conducted qualitative interviews with a subsample of users, their carers and clinicians on how transition was experienced. RESULTS: Of 154 individuals who crossed the transition boundary in 1 year, 90 were actual referrals (i.e. they made a transition to AMHS), and 64 were potential referrals (i.e. were either not referred to AMHS or not accepted by AMHS). Individuals with a history of severe @entity1032 , being on medication or having been admitted were more likely to make a transition than those with @entity245 , @entity6004 and @entity1314 . Optimal transition, defined as adequate transition planning, good information transfer across teams, joint working between teams and continuity of care following transition, was experienced by less than 5% of those who made a transition. Following transition, most service users stayed engaged with AMHS and reported improvement in their mental health. CONCLUSIONS: For the vast majority of service users, transition from CAMHS to AMHS is poorly planned, poorly executed and poorly experienced. The transition process accentuates pre-existing barriers between CAMHS and AMHS.

title: Process, outcome and experience of transition from XXXX to adult mental healthcare: multiperspective study.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['emotional/neurotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['emerging personality disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: Several experimental forms of @entity101 require intact renal innervation for the development or maintenance (or both) of the elevated arterial pressure. We determined the relationships between urinary @entity1372 and water excretion and arterial pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 (DS) with innervated (n = 6) and denervated (n = 7) kidneys after switching from a low to a high @entity1372 diet. Arterial pressure significantly increased in both groups within 48 hours after they began to eat an 8% @entity2827 diet. This @entity101 increased to 188 +/- 9 and 190 +/- 7 mm Hg, respectively, in @entity35 with innervated and denervated kidneys after 12 days. Mean arterial pressures were not significantly different between groups on any day. The rise in arterial pressure of DS placed on a high @entity1372 intake was associated with an elevation of urine flow rate and urinary @entity1372 excretions in @entity35 with either @entity8 . Urine flow rates and urinary @entity1372 excretions were greater in denervated than in innervated @entity35 on Days 4 through 7 after beginning the high @entity1372 diet. This diuresis and natriuresis in @entity35 with denervated kidneys were associated with greater water and @entity1372 intakes on Days 4 to 7 of the high @entity1372 diet when compared with @entity35 with innervated kidneys. These results demonstrate that, following exposure to a high @entity1372 intake, DS have increased arterial pressure within 24 hours. The development of this arterial @entity101 is not dependent on intact renal innervation. In conscious DS, the renal innervation does participate in the regulation of urinary @entity1372 excretion by promoting renal @entity1372 and water reabsorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Renal nerves and the development of Dahl salt-sensitive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['innervated or denervated kidneys']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity932 ( @entity932 ) is the most feared complication after @entity1456 (tPA) @entity64 treatment. Endogenous fibrinolysis inhibitors play an essential role in the coagulation/fibrinolysis balance and may be involved in the bleeding process. We aim to determine the predictive value of pretreatment levels of fibrinolysis inhibitors ( @entity2289 , lipoprotein(a), @entity557 , and @entity1255 ) on @entity932 . METHODS: Consecutive tPA-treated @entity64 @entity1 with @entity2500 were studied. Baseline blood samples were obtained just before tPA administration and fibrinolysis inhibitors were determined. A second computed tomography (CT) scan was obtained at 24 hours or when a neurological worsening occurred to rule out @entity932 . RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 (40% @entity1 , age 75 years) were studied. Median admission National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale was 17 (range, 7 to 22) and mean time to treatment was 160 minutes. Six @entity1 (7.9%) presented with a @entity932 . In analyses based on clinical and CT variables, no relation could be found with @entity932 . When laboratory data were analyzed, @entity1 who experienced @entity932 showed lower baseline @entity2289 (21.7+/-3.5 ng/mL versus 31.8+/-12.1 ng/mL; P<0.01) and higher @entity557 (216.7+/-78.4% versus 162.1+/-54.2%; P=0.03). @entity1255 and lipoprotein(a) were not related to @entity932 . The only factors associated with @entity932 were @entity557 >180% (OR, 12.9; CI, 1.41 to 118.8; P=0.02) and @entity2289 <21.4 ng/mL (OR, 12.75; CI, 1.17 to 139.2; P=0.04). The combination of admission @entity2289 <21.4 ng/mL and @entity557 >180% had a sensibility of 75% and a specificity of 97.6% (P<0.01) predicting @entity932 , with a positive predictive value of 75% and negative predictive value of 97.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity2289 and @entity557 levels predict @entity932 after @entity64 tPA therapy. In the future, these biomarkers could be used to improve thrombolysis safety.

title: Admission fibrinolytic profile is associated with symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation in @entity64 XXXX treated with @entity1456 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage', 'SICH']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increases in both leukocyte and endothelial cytosolic free [ @entity141 ] may be involved in intercellular adhesion by regulating the affinity of surface adhesion molecules or by facilitating transendothelial leukocyte migration. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of initial contact and subsequent adhesion of @entity1 neutrophils or monocytes on @entity1 aortic endothelial [ @entity141 ]. METHODS AND RESULTS: Endothelial monolayers were loaded with the fluorescent @entity141 indicator indo 1 and exposed to isolated @entity1 peripheral blood neutrophils or to a cultured @entity1 monocyte cell line. A rapid, fourfold to fivefold increase in endothelial cytosolic [ @entity141 ] occurred within seconds of leukocyte contact. No increase in endothelial [ @entity141 ] occurred on contact of 18.25-microns inert microspheres, isolated red blood cells, or suspensions of cultured @entity1 aortic endothelial cells. In experiments performed on monolayers grown in 1-mm2 capillary flow tubes, the increase in endothelial cytosolic [ @entity141 ] on initial leukocyte contact was found to be related to the subsequent resistance to leukocyte detachment during exposure to arterial levels of shear stress (13.4 dyne.cm-2). The increase in endothelial cytosolic [ @entity141 ] during leukocyte contact was not inhibited in @entity141 -free buffer but was abolished by prior depletion of an endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 store by @entity2426 . Pretreatment of neutrophils with R15.7, a specific monoclonal antibody to the adhesion protein @entity1454 , inhibited the increase in endothelial cytosolic [ @entity141 ] on neutrophil contact. CONCLUSIONS: Initial contact leading to subsequent adhesion of @entity1 leukocytes to @entity1 aortic endothelial cells releases an endothelial intracellular @entity141 store. This may, in part, be mediated by specific adhesion proteins and may in turn regulate the affinity of surface adhesion molecules or facilitate transendothelial migration of leukocytes.

title: Initial contact and subsequent adhesion of XXXX neutrophils or monocytes to @entity1 aortic endothelial cells releases an endothelial intracellular calcium store.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inflammation is one of the major toxic effects reported in response to in vitro or in vivo nanoparticle (NP) exposure. Among engineered NPs, @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) are very attractive for the development of therapeutic strategies, especially because of their antimicrobial properties. In @entity1 , neutrophils, key players in @entity32 , are the most abundant blood leukocytes that spontaneously undergo apoptosis, a central cell death mechanism regulating @entity32 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AgNPs on neutrophil apoptosis. Transmission electronic microscopy reveals that AgNPs rapidly penetrate inside neutrophils. AgNPs induced @entity204 where the cell volume increased and the cell surface expression of @entity4071 remained unaltered unlike apoptotic neutrophils where cell shrinkage and loss of @entity4071 are typically observed. The AgNP-induced @entity204 is distinct from @entity39 and reversed by a pancaspase inhibitor or by inhibitors of the inflammatory @entity9302 and @entity2523 . In addition, AgNPs induced @entity1356 production inhibited by @entity9302 and @entity2523 inhibitors and also induced @entity9302 activity. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production was increased by AgNPs and the @entity204 was inhibited by the antioxidant @entity898 . Under similar experimental conditions, adhesion of neutrophils leads to neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release induced by AgNPs. However, this process was not reversed by caspase inhibitors. We conclude that AgNPs rapidly induced an @entity204 in neutrophils by a mechanism involving @entity19268 and ROS. However, in adherent neutrophils, AgNPs induced NET release and, therefore, are novel agents able to trigger NET release.

title: @entity575 nanoparticles rapidly induce atypical XXXX neutrophil cell death by a process involving inflammatory caspases and reactive @entity26 species and induce neutrophil extracellular traps release upon cell adhesion.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['n-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['atypical cell death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Seven subjects with @entity12608 were studied to determine whether they had disturbances of fluid homeostasis. Simultaneous measurements of urine and plasma osmolality (Uosm and Posm, respectively) were made during free access to fluids. The Uosm-Posm relationship was abnormal in five @entity1 on at least one occasion. @entity1 2 was frequently overhydrated (Posm less than or equal to 280 mosmol/kg) and @entity1 5 excreted a dilute urine when his Posm was 290 mosmol/kg. The three subjects (1, 5, and 7) tending to have an increased Psom (greater than or equal to 300 mosmol/kg) were able to concentrate their urine (Uosm greater than 800 mosmol/kg) and denied @entity2011 and @entity4683 . Their elevated Posms could be explained by impairment of thirst, rather than increased excretion of water, because the @entity1 concentrated their urines at normal Posms during fluid deprivation. The osmotic threshold for @entity1951 release was decreased (Posm = 270.6 mosmol/kg) in one @entity1 and increased (Posm greater than or equal to 295 mosmol/kg) in two others of the seven @entity1 . The elevated osmotic threshold was not due to chronic hyperosmolality or a generalized defect in vasopressin secretion. In the @entity1 with the highest osmotic threshold (Posm = 296 mosmol/kg) and Posms between 289--301 mosmol/kg during free access to fluid, the osmotic threshold decreased to only 293 mosmol/kg after 6 weeks of adequate hydration and @entity7062 . However, in response to @entity551 induced by @entity13673 , he increased his plasma vasopressin from 1--26 microU/ml. In conclusion, some @entity1 with @entity12608 may have osmoreceptor dysfunction and abnormal thirst regulation, indicating more extensive hypothalamic involvement than previously appreciated.

title: Altered osmotic threshold for vasopressin release and impaired thirst sensation: additional abnormalities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['desmopressin acetate']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity13673 :: ('MESH:D014294', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethaphan']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity12608 :: ('MESH:D017436', 'Disease') :: ["Kallmann's syndrome"]

answer: @entity12608 :: (MESH:D017436,Disease) :: ['Kallmann's syndrome']


abstract: We evaluated the long-term effect of an intensive treatment of @entity2316 (anti- @entity101 drugs, low protein diet, multiple insulin injections to achieve a good metabolic control) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albumin excretion rate (AER). Fourteen type I @entity6 @entity1 (mean age 45 +/- 9.5 years, mean duration of @entity6 23.5 +/- 7.3 years, 8 males/6 females) with glomerular filtration rate < 70 ml/ @entity1009 m2 and albumin excretion rate > 30 micrograms/min were treated intensively for 36 months. This intensive treatment consisted of multiple insulin injections, antihypertensive therapy with ACE inhibitors and a low-protein diet (0.8 g/kg body wt/day.) Renal function was evaluated as GFR and AER. @entity4051 c mean value decreased significantly from 8.7 +/- 0.8% to 6.5 +/- 0.5% (P < 0.0002). GFR rose from 58 +/- 12 ml/ @entity1009 m2 to 84 +/- 11 ml/ @entity1009 m2 (P < 0.0008). AER decreased from 208 micrograms/min (range: 73 to 500) to 63.8 micrograms/min (range 15 to 180; P < 0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased respectively from 144 +/- 26 mm Hg to 120 +/- 15 mm Hg and from 89 +/- 9 mm Hg to 75 +/- 8 mm Hg (P < 0.01). We obtained a rise of GFR and a reduction of @entity644 after three years of this treatment. We suggest that this intensive treatment in all @entity1 with early stage @entity2316 may be effective in slowing the progression to @entity177 .

title: Effect of intensive treatment on XXXX in @entity1 with type I diabetes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Mutations in @entity7952 cause @entity12366 ( @entity12366 ), a @entity74 characterized by early-onset @entity6 , @entity853 , and @entity409 . Although early diagnosis is important for clinical management, genetic testing is generally performed after the full clinical picture develops. We aimed to identify @entity1 with @entity12366 before any other abnormalities apart from @entity6 are present and study the overall frequency of @entity12366 among @entity1 with @entity12367 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The coding regions of @entity7952 were sequenced in 34 probands with infancy-onset @entity6 with a clinical phenotype suggestive of @entity12366 (n = 28) or homozygosity at the @entity12366 locus (n = 6). RESULTS: Twenty-five probands (73.5%) were homozygous or compound heterozygous for mutations in @entity7952 . Twenty of the 26 mutations identified were novel. Whereas a diagnosis of @entity12366 was suspected before genetic testing in 22 probands, three @entity1 with apparently isolated @entity6 were diagnosed after identifying a large homozygous region encompassing @entity7952 . In contrast to nonconsanguineous pedigrees, mutations in @entity7952 are the most common known genetic cause of @entity6 among @entity1 born to consanguineous parents (24 vs. < 2%). Age at @entity6 onset and birth weight might be used to prioritize genetic testing in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12366 is the most common cause of @entity6 in consanguineous pedigrees. In addition to testing @entity1 with a definite clinical diagnosis, @entity7952 should be tested in @entity1 with isolated neonatal @entity6 diagnosed after 3 wk of age from known consanguineous families, isolated populations, or countries in which inbreeding is frequent.

title: XXXX is the most common genetic cause of @entity12367 in consanguineous families.

entities_list: @entity12367 :: ('MESH:C563425', 'Disease') :: ['permanent neonatal diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12366 :: ('MESH:C536739', 'Disease') :: ['Wolcott-Rallison syndrome', 'WRS']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['rare recessive disorder']

answer: @entity12366 :: (MESH:C536739,Disease) :: ['Wolcott-Rallison syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the effect of local anesthesia administered before laparoscopic surgery (preemptive anesthesia) on @entity282 . METHODS: The authors searched Medline, EMBase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, as well as reference lists of textbooks and relevant articles. They contacted experts in the field of anesthesia and laparoscopic surgery for randomized controlled trials comparing preemptive administration of local anesthesia at the incision site or intraperitoneally with postoperative anesthesia administration or placebo. Trials were systematically assessed for eligibility and validity, and data were extracted in duplicate. The data were pooled across studies using a random effects model. RESULTS: The 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Preemptive incisional local anesthetic was superior to placebo in terms of visual analog @entity158 scores (VAS) at 4 h ( @entity353 [ @entity353 ], -9.49 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -15.50 to -3.48) and 24 h ( @entity353 , -4.75 mm; 95%CI, -8.90 to 0.60). However, no difference was found between these measures and those for postoperative incision-site infiltration. Preemptive intraperitoneal local anesthetic was superior to placebo in terms of VAS at 4 h ( @entity353 , 5.76 mm; 95%CI, -11.27 to -0.25), 8 h ( @entity353 , -9.64 mm; 95%CI, -13.68 to -5.60), 12 h ( @entity353 , -4.68 mm; 95%CI, -5.86 to -3.49), and 24 h ( @entity353 , -5.57 mm; 95%CI, -8.35 to -2.79), and superior to postoperative anesthesia administration at 8 h ( @entity353 , -7.42; 95%CI, -13.40 to -1.45), 12 h ( @entity353 , -7.27 mm; 95%CI, -10.26 to -4.28), and 24 h ( @entity353 , -7.95 mm; 95%CI, -12.33 to -3.56). CONCLUSION: Preemptive administration of local anesthetic at the incision site reduces @entity282 compared with placebo but achieves an analgesic effect similar to that of postincisional anesthetic infiltration. Preemptive local anesthetic administered intraperitoneally decreases @entity282 compared with both placebo and postoperative infiltration. Surgeons should use local analgesia in laparoscopic surgery to decrease @entity282 , but the timing of administration is significant only for intraperitoneal infiltration.

title: Better late than never? Impact of local analgesia timing on XXXX in laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review and metaanalysis.

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weighted mean difference', 'WMD']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible benefit of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in sinus grafting as compared with recombinant @entity1 @entity12017 (rhBMP-7). For this purpose, we performed a bilateral sinus augmentation with anorganic @entity291 bone and simultaneous insertion of a @entity702 screw implant in five miniature @entity1707 . Six hundred microliters of PRP and 15%-vol. autologous bone, which was collected with a trap during preparation of the implant recipient site, were added to the right sinus and 420 microl rhBMP-7 to the left sinus. A polychrome sequential labeling was performed. The animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after surgery. Undecalcified ground sections were evaluated by microradiography, digitized histomorphometry and under fluorescent light. The mean bone-implant contact using rhBMP-7 was 45.8% and 5.7% under PRP (P=0.002). The mean height of newly mineralized bone in the augmented area using rhBMP-7 amounted to 8.3 mm as opposed to 3.6 mm under PRP (P=0.013). Using PRP, the mean area of the newly formed bone was enhanced (51.3%) as compared with rhBMP-7 (33.1%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.081). In conclusion, under the selected experimental conditions the use of rhBMP-7 led to superior outcomes with regard to the osseointegration of dental implants and the height of new bone as compared with the use of PRP.

title: Sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous placement of dental implants in the presence of platelet-rich plasma or recombinant XXXX @entity12017 .

entities_list: @entity12017 :: ('655', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-7']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: While oral anticoagulants are associated with greater @entity1410 expansion and higher mortality rates in @entity1 with @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ), there is ongoing discussion whether pretreatment with antiplatelet drugs also worsens prognosis. Using an experimental model of @entity1779 , we investigated the effects of antiplatelet pretreatment on @entity1410 volume and functional outcome. @entity2659 @entity19 were treated with @entity117 ( @entity1281 , 60 mg/kg per 24 hours), @entity1397 (22.5 mg/kg per 24 hours), or both ( @entity1281 + @entity1397 ) through drinking water for 3 days (n=20 per group). Thereafter, platelet aggregation was found to be significantly reduced. Untreated @entity19 and @entity19 pretreated with @entity1229 served as controls. A stereotactic injection of collagenase into the right striatum was used to induce @entity1779 . Twenty-four hours after @entity1779 induction, @entity1410 volume was measured to be 15.0    4.4  L in controls, 14.1    5.3  L in @entity1281 @entity19 , 16.8    5.1  L in @entity1397 @entity19 , and 16.4    5.1  L in @entity1281 + @entity1397 animals. These differences were not statistically significant. However, @entity19 pretreated with @entity1229 revealed largely increased @entity1410 volumes (25.0    7.4  L versus controls, P=0.001). Neurologic outcome was not different between antiplatelet-pretreated animals and untreated controls. Our results suggest that @entity3459 rather than platelet function is the most critical element for preventing @entity1410 expansion in acute @entity1779 . Future therapeutic strategies may take these findings into account.

title: Antiplatelet pretreatment does not increase @entity1410 volume in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['plasmatic coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']