abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 of the nose is common, with a potential of local recurrence and high-risk features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We provide a review on anatomy of the nose, @entity5 surgery and defect closure on the nose. We analysed our own @entity1 with nasal BCC of a 24 months period. RESULTS: We identified 321 @entity1 with nasal BCC. There was a predominance of female @entity1 of 1.2 to 1. The mean age was 74.8 years. Slow Mohs technique was employed for all @entity5 until 3D @entity5 -free margins were achieved. That resulted on average in 1.8    0.7 Mohs stages. The most common histologic types were solitary (n = 182), morpheic (79), and micronodular (20), Perineural infiltration was evident in 56 @entity5 . Primary closure after mobilisation of soft tissue was possible in 105 BCCs. Advancement flaps were used in 91 @entity5 , rotation flaps in 47, transposition flaps in 34 @entity5 , and combined procedures in 6 cases. In 36 @entity1 full-thickness skin grafting was performed. In two @entity1 healing by second intention was preferred. Partial flap loss was seen in four @entity1 (1.4%). All of them had significant underlying pathologies. None of the @entity5 treated showed a relapse during the observation time. However, this is a limitation of the present study since follow-up was on average only 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: BCCs of the nose are common. Only 3D-controlled micrographic surgery (Mohs or slow Mohs) guarantee a high rate of @entity5 removal and a very low risk of recurrence.

title: @entity1491 of the outer nose: overview on surgical techniques and analysis of 312 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['complete tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['Basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction: Functional foods have been widely utilized to reduce the symptoms of @entity66 such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Among the foods used to combat these effects are soluble fibres, mainly those rich in beta- glucans (BGs). Objective: To review the effects of beta-glucans (BGs) on @entity413 plasmatic levels of @entity6 individuals. Design: A search was conducted using the Pubmed, Science Direct and Scielo databases using the keywords: @entity6 and beta-glucan and @entity413 and glycaemia. As inclusion criteria, only studies on @entity6 @entity1 individuals (type 1 or type 2) who consumed BGs were selected. Results and Discussion: Of the 819 initial articles retrieved, only 10 fit the inclusion criteria and were used in the study. It was observed that doses around 6.0g/ @entity1 / day, for at least 4 weeks were sufficient to provoke improvements in the blood @entity413 levels and also lipid parameters of individuals with @entity6 . However, @entity413 levels do not reach normal levels using BG alone. Low doses of BG for at least 12 weeks were also reported to promote metabolic benefits. Conclusions: Based on previous research, it was concluded that the ingestion of BGs was efficient in decreasing @entity413 levels of @entity6 @entity1 . The consumption of greater doses or smaller doses for longer periods of time produced better results.

title: EFFECT OF BETA-GLUCANS IN THE CONTROL OF BLOOD @entity413 LEVELS OF DIABETIC XXXX : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: One hundred and ninety six @entity1 (age group 6 months to 12 years) attending the Pediatric Tuberculosis Clinic at AIIMS, New Delhi, over a period from January 1988 to December 1989 were analysed. Nearly 61% of @entity1 were malnourished (Grades III and IV). A positive family history was noted in nearly one third (33.7%) of cases while 41.3% of @entity1 had received BCG. A positive Mantoux test was noted in 77% of cases. The most prominent lesion on radiology was parenchymal (51.4%). In nearly two third of cases, both Mantoux test and X-ray chest was positive. A family history of @entity378 and BCG vaccination was significantly associated with positive Mantoux test (p < 0.01). Fever and cough in older @entity1 (> 6 years) while weight loss in younger @entity1 (< 3 years) were the predominant symptoms. Most of the cases (82.1%) had pulmonary primary complex, the proportion being higher in older age group. The severe form of @entity378 , i.e., progressive @entity66 , @entity378 , etc., were significantly more in younger @entity1 . The various risk factors significantly associated with severe form of @entity378 were very young @entity1 (< 3 years), no BCG vaccination, a negative family history and a negative Mantoux test.

title: Childhood XXXX in a referral centre: clinical profile and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['military tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Post-concussion syndrome is an aggregate of symptoms that commonly present together after @entity542 . These symptoms, depending on definition, include @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity146 , and @entity73 . However, these symptoms are common, occurring frequently in non-head injured controls, leading some to question the existence of post-concussion syndrome as a unique syndrome. Therefore, some have attempted to explain post-concussion symptoms as @entity1005 , as they share many similar symptoms and @entity1005 does not require @entity542 . This explanation falls short as @entity1 with post-concussion syndrome do not necessarily experience many key symptoms of @entity1005 . Therefore, other explanations must be sought to explain the prevalence of post-concussion like symptoms in non- @entity542 @entity1 . Many of the situations in which post-concussion syndrome like symptoms may be experienced such as @entity281 and post-surgery are associated with systemic inflammatory responses, and even neuroinflammation. Post-concussion syndrome itself has a significant neuroinflammatory component. In this review we examine the evidence of neuroinflammation in post-concussion syndrome and the potential role systemic @entity32 plays in post-concussion syndrome like symptoms. We conclude that given the overlap between these conditions and the role of @entity32 in their etiologies, a new term, @entity198 ( @entity198 ), is necessary to describe the common outcomes of many different inflammatory insults. The concept of post-concussion syndrome is in its evolution therefore, the new term @entity198 provides a better understanding of etiology of its wide-array of symptoms and the wide array of conditions they can be seen in.

title: A review of the neuro- and systemic inflammatory responses in post concussion symptoms: Introduction of the "post-inflammatory brain syndrome" XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['post-inflammatory brain syndromes', 'PIBS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['PIBS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased urbanization in the developing world parallels a rising burden of @entity102 . Developing countries account for     80% of global cardiovascular (CV) deaths, but contribute a paucity of systematic epidemiological data on CV risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of CV risk factors in @entity22550 attending general practice clinics in the Africa and Middle East (AfME) region. METHODS: In a cross-sectional epidemiological study, the presence of CV risk factors ( @entity101 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity2299 , @entity28 , smoking and @entity1144 ) were evaluated in stable adult outpatients attending general practice primary care clinics. A rural population was defined as isolated (>50 km or lack of easy access to commuter transportation) from urban centers. RESULTS: 4,378 outpatients were systematically recruited from 94 clinics across 14 AfME countries. Mean age was 46    14 years and 52% of outpatients were female. A high prevalence of @entity2299 (70%) and @entity1144 (68%) were observed, followed by @entity101 (43%) and @entity6 (25%). The vast majority of outpatients (92%) had at least one modifiable CV risk factor, many (74%) had more than one, and half (53%) had 3 or more. These findings were observed in both genders and across urban and rural centers. Among outpatients with pre-existing @entity101 or @entity2299 , many were not at their target blood pressure or LDL- @entity165 goals. CONCLUSION: @entity65 factors are highly prevalent among relatively young, stable outpatients attending general practice clinics across AfME. The findings support opportunistic screening for CV risk factors whenever outpatients visit a general practitioner and provide an opportunity for early identification and management of CV risk factors, including lifestyle interventions.

title: XXXX factor burden in Africa and the Middle East: the Africa Middle East Cardiovascular Epidemiological (ACE) study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity22550 :: ('MESH:C538276', 'Disease') :: ['rural and urban cohorts']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular risk']


abstract: The use of dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with @entity5 antigen is one of the most promising approaches to induce @entity5 -specific immune response. However, methods of the vaccine preparation have not yet been standardized. The purpose of the study was to analyse the anti- @entity5 efficacy of @entity5 antigen-loaded @entity19 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DC/TAg) at different maturation stages. BM-DCs were loaded with MC38 @entity694 cell lysate (TAg) alone, to become partially differentiated, or were additionally stimulated with inflammatory cytokines such as @entity637 , @entity60 , or IL-12 to reach complete maturity. BM-DCs simultaneously stimulated with TAg and cytokines (especially IL-12 or @entity60 +IL-12) were in vitro more effective immune response activators than BM-DC/TAg cells. However, the highest anti- @entity5 effect in vivo was noted when @entity19 were treated just with BM-DC/TAg. In a further study, the ability of IL-12 gene transduced BM-DCs (BM-DC/IL-12) to augment the immune response induced by BM-DC/TAg cells at different stages of maturation was examined. The highest anti- @entity5 effect was observed when partially differentiated BM-DC/TAg cells were injected simultaneously with BM-DC/IL-12 cells. The results suggest that partially differentiated BM-DC/TAg cells are more potent in evoking a strong anti- @entity5 response in vivo than mature BM-DCs. Moreover, the capacity of BM-DC/TAg cells for further differentiation and their sensitivity to factors secreted in vivo by the host or cells engineered to cytokine production seem to be of great importance.

title: Tumour antigen-loaded XXXX dendritic cells maturing in the presence of inflammatory cytokines are potent activators of immune response in vitro but not in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Maternal nutrient restriction results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) newborns that develop @entity28 despite normal postweaning diet. The epidemic of @entity209 is attributed to programmed "thrifty phenotype" and exposure to Western diets. We hypothesized that programmed IUGR newborns would demonstrate greater susceptibility to @entity28 and @entity209 in response to high-fat diet. From day 10 to term gestation and lactation, control pregnant @entity35 received ad libitum (AdLib) food, whereas study @entity35 were 50% food restricted (FR). Cross-fostering techniques resulted in three offspring groups: control (AdLib/AdLib), FR during pregnancy (FR/AdLib), and FR during lactation (AdLib/FR). At 3 weeks, offspring were weaned to laboratory chow or high-fat calorie diet (9% vs. 17% calorie as fat). Body composition, appetite hormones, and @entity413 and lipid profiles were determined in 9-mo-old male and female offspring. High-fat diet had no effect on body weight of AdLib/AdLib, but significantly increased weights of FR/AdLib and AdLib/FR offspring. High-fat diet significantly increased body fat, reduced lean body mass, and accentuated plasma leptin but not ghrelin levels in both sexes in all groups. In males, high-fat diet caused a significant increase in @entity413 levels in all three groups with increased insulin levels in AdLib/AdLib and AdLib/FR, but not in FR/AdLib. In females, high-fat diet had no effect on @entity413 but significantly increased basal insulin among all three groups. High-fat diet caused @entity2298 in all three groups although only food-restricted females exhibited @entity1007 . Sex and offspring phenotype-associated effects of high-fat diet indicate differing pathophysiologic mechanisms that require specific therapeutic approaches.

title: Programmed XXXX : prenatal undernutrition and postweaning overnutrition.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We established diet-induced @entity28 animal model and observed the influence of @entity28 on testicle of the male @entity35 . METHODS: @entity35 in model group were fed with fat-enriched diet for 6 weeks. We measured the body weight and the testis weight and observed the development of testicle by microscope, and compared with those of control group. Meanwhile, we measured the serum levels of @entity251 (T) and @entity53 (E2). RESULTS: The average body weight in model group @entity35 was higher 29% than that in control group at 6 weeks old, 30% at 9 weeks old. We observed under microscope that most of the convoluted seminiferous tubule developed no good in model group, the 4 layer cells was sparse and the arrangement of them was not in order. The @entity251 to @entity53 ratios(T/E2) in model group was significant lower then that of control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The fat-enriched fat diet can induce @entity28 . It influenced the development of the testicle. This probably related to decrease of the @entity251 to @entity53 ratios.

title: [Effects on development of the testicle in diet-induced XXXX @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Many studies have reported that anterior fusion alone has high rates of complications, such as @entity1516 , graft subsidence, and graft dislodgement, with multisegmental constructs. No previous studies have compared the outcomes of combined anteroposterior fusion with no plate and anterior fusion alone with a cage and plate. PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of combined anteroposterior fusion with that of anterior fusion alone for the treatment of @entity179 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. @entity1 SAMPLE: Sixty-two consecutive @entity1 who underwent anterior fusion alone with a cage and plate or combined anteroposterior fusion with no plate for multisegmental (three or more segments) @entity179 . OUTCOME MEASURE: Radiological and clinical outcome measures. METHODS: @entity1 in group A (n=36) underwent anterior fusion with a cage and plate construct ( @entity59709 ); @entity1 in group B (n=26) underwent combined anterior fusion with a cage and posterior fusion with a rod/screw construct (CAPF). The degree and maintenance of the correction angle, fusion rates, and adjacent level degeneration were assessed with radiographs. Clinical outcomes were assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) and @entity717 ( @entity717 ) scores, operative time, @entity190 , and rates of complications. RESULTS: The mean correction angle did not differ significantly between groups, but the loss of correction at final follow-up was greater in group A than group B (p=.001). Compared with group B, group A had a higher incidence of @entity1516 (p=.035), cage subsidence (p=.005), hardware-related complications (p=.032), and @entity1282 (p=.012). The mean VAS score for arm @entity158 and the mean @entity717 score were better for group B than group A (p=.0461, .0360), but the mean VAS score for posterior neck @entity158 was better for group A than group B (p=.0352). Group B had greater @entity190 and a longer operative time than group A ( @entity190 : p=.037; operative time: p=.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although combined anterior/posterior fusion is associated with a longer operative time and greater @entity190 than anterior fusion alone, the combined approach provides better maintenance of sagittal alignment, a higher rate of fusion, a lower incidence of cage subsidence and adjacent level disease, and better VAS and @entity717 scores.

title: Efficacy of combined anteroposterior fusion with no plate versus anterior fusion alone with cage and plate for multilevel XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative cervical disease', 'multisegmental degenerative cervical disorder']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis', 'pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative cervical disease']


abstract: The report concerns findings for brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) recorded in 116 @entity1 , aged between a few days and 7 years, having suffered from @entity4008 . 26% of cases occurred between birth and 6 months, 55% between 6 months and 2 years, and 19% after 2 years of age. @entity6728 was the most common bacteria (49%), followed by Pneumococcus (22%) and Meningococcus (15%). @entity16 were found in 30% of the @entity693 cases and accounted for 85% of all complications found. 29% of BAEPs were abnormal, of which 47% revealed transmission, 32% endocochlear and 21% retrocochlear impairment. Transmission impairment mainly occurred before the age of 2 years (88%), most frequently in @entity693 cases (44%), and independently of @entity16 . Retrocochlear impairment was found in association with @entity16 in 71% of cases. Endocochlear BAEP damage was found in 9.5% of cases, half of which were bilateral and total, representing cophosis: it was found at all ages, and without any particular associated @entity16 . @entity6728 was the commonest bacterial agent in endocochlear cases overall, with Pneumococcus underlying 50% of cophosis cases. The study shows BAEP recording in association with a clinical ear examination is useful following childhood @entity4008 , screening for @entity2319 , distinguishing total from partial @entity393 and indicating suitable treatment.

title: Brainstem auditory evoked potentials following XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications', 'neurological complication', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcus meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['definitive endocochlear and deafness']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing-loss']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The roles of the deep cerebellar nuclei in epileptogenesis and @entity410 expression are not well defined. To determine their properties, we examined the effects of lesions to the dentate, fastigial, and interpositus nuclei in adult @entity35 that were electrically kindled in the amygdaloid complex. Changes in afterdischarge duration (ADD) as well as the expression and progression of behavioral @entity410 to fully generalized @entity3173 (stage 5) were assessed. METHODS: Fifty @entity35 first underwent bilateral electrolytic lesions of either the dentate, fastigial, or interpositus nuclei. After a 7-day recovery period, they were kindled daily until they manifested two stage 5 @entity410 . Careful histological examination was used to determine lesion extent. RESULTS: When the dentate or fastigial nucleus was completely destroyed on the side contralateral to the stimulated amygdala, fewer stimulations were required to produce stage 5 @entity410 and latencies to the expression of forelimb clonus were shorter, as were ADD. On the other hand, when the dentate or fastigial nucleus was only partly obliterated on the contralateral side, more stimulations were required to produce stage 5 @entity410 and ADD was longer. Neither complete nor partial lesions of the interpositus nuclei had any effect on the number of stimulations to reach a stage 5 @entity410 , latency to the expression of clonus, or ADD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the dentate and fastigial nuclei, but not the interpositus nuclei, may normally retard epileptogenesis and inhibit @entity146 , but paradoxically may facilitate ADD.

title: Effect of complete and partial bilateral lesions of the deep cerebellar nuclei on amygdaloid kindling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['clonic behaviors']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic convulsions']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ) typically exhibit @entity65 , which may lead to increased medication clearance. The aims of this study were to evaluate the actual @entity1011 clearance (CrClA) in an @entity439 @entity510 population and the effect of the development of @entity2553 ( @entity2553 ) along with its treatment to better understand if this population exhibits augmented renal clearance (ARC). METHODS: This was a prospective, single-center study in a neurosciences ICU at a university hospital. A total of 20 @entity1 were consented and provided a 24-h urine sample to measure the CrClA. If @entity1 experienced @entity2553 , a 24-h urine collection was repeated during @entity2553 treatment. CrClA was measured using a modified Jaffe assay. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity1 enrolled, the mean @entity510 CrClA was 325.93      135.20  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) and this differed significantly from the @entity510 estimated @entity1011 clearance (CrClE) 144.93      42.82  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) (p  <  0.001). Four @entity1 developed @entity2553 ; the mean @entity2553 CrClA was 558.43      356.12  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) and there was no significant difference when compared to those @entity1 ' mean @entity510 CrClA (246.91      84.14  ml/ @entity1009 .73  m(2), p  =  0.16). CONCLUSIONS: ARC was present in 100  % of the @entity1 with recent @entity510 enrolled. Although ARC remained present in the @entity1 who experienced @entity2553 , their @entity1011 clearance was not significantly further augmented. Further work is needed to clarify the impact of such clearances on renally excreted medications and how the development and treatment of @entity2553 further augment these findings.

title: Augmented Renal Clearance in XXXX with @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm', 'CV', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdynamic cardiovascular hemodynamics']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of @entity35 trophoblast cell suspensions on @entity857 ( @entity857 )-induced @entity1423 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trophoblasts were isolated from ectoplacental cones (a preplacental tissue very rich in trophoblasts) developed in @entity35 embryos on day 12 of pregnancy (normal period of gestation: 22-23 days). Platelet-rich plasma ( @entity16447 ) was obtained from adult male @entity35 . The trophoblasts were preincubated (37 degrees C, 30 min), suspended in the medium, and then re-incubated with @entity16447 for 3-5 min. RESULTS: 5 x 10(4) and 7 x 10(4) trophoblasts inhibited @entity857 -induced @entity1423 by 10 and 18%, respectively. When the trophoblast cell concentration was increased to 1-2 x 10(5) cells, a proaggregatory phenomenon was observed, even in the absence of @entity857 . However, there was no inhibition of aggregation or promotion of aggregation when fixed trophoblasts or live endometrial stromal cells were incubated with @entity16447 . CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the aggregation inhibition response was cell specific and concentration dependent. A 68-kD protein was detected in the medium when it was conditioned with 5-7 x 10(4) but not with 1-2 x 10(5) trophoblasts. However, the inhibitory or stimulatory effect does not seem to be dependent on the presence of this protein.

title: Inhibition of XXXX by @entity35 trophoblasts.

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that chelation therapy with @entity5532 would prevent alterations in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function due to transfusional @entity68 overload in @entity1 with @entity2395 major. DESIGN: A consecutive series of @entity1 receiving chronic transfusional and chelation therapy were studied by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. SETTING: Primary clinic. @entity1 : Eight thalassemic @entity1 (four @entity1 and four @entity1 ), mean age 22 years (range 14 to 28) and seven age and sex matched control subjects. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 had received transfusional therapy since birth, with mean annual load of red blood cells of 200 mL/kg. @entity68 chelation therapy with @entity5532 , using a subcutaneous infusion pump, was administered from age two years in the younger @entity1 and from age 16 years in the two older cases. Doses were 25 mg/kg/day in @entity1 and 1.5 to 4 g per 12 h in adults to maintain ferritin blood levels at 1000 to 1500 ng/L. MAIN RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the following Doppler diastolic indexes: isovolumic relaxation time, early flow velocity (E wave), late flow velocity (A wave), E:A ratio, rate of deceleration of flow velocity in early diastole (EF slope), flow velocity deceleration time and end-diastolic volume. Ejection fraction was similar in the two groups (59 +/- 7 versus 64 +/- 5%), but contractility, expressed as end-systolic pressure/end-systolic volume index, appeared slightly depressed (4.6 +/- 1 versus 6.7 +/- 0.8) in the thalassemic group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5532 prevents alteration of left ventricular diastolic function in chronic transfusional therapy for @entity2395 major. @entity308 of contractility, in spite of a normal ejection fraction, may be an early sign of worsening systolic performance, unavoidable even with chelation therapy.

title: Left ventricular function in thalassemia major: protective effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine', 'Deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity5532 :: (MESH:D003676,Chemical) :: ['deferoxamine']


abstract: Bacterial ribosomes stalled at the 3' end of malfunctioning messenger RNAs can be rescued by transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA)-mediated trans-translation. The SmpB protein forms a complex with the tmRNA, and the transfer-RNA-like domain (TLD) of the tmRNA then enters the A site of the ribosome. Subsequently, the TLD-SmpB module is translocated to the P site, a process that is facilitated by the elongation factor @entity16599 , and translation is switched to the @entity8553 ( @entity8553 ) of the tmRNA. Accurate loading of the @entity8553 into the mRNA path is an unusual initiation mechanism. Despite various snapshots of different ribosome-tmRNA complexes at low to intermediate resolution, it is unclear how the large, highly structured tmRNA is translocated and how the @entity8553 is loaded. Here we present a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of a @entity12119 -stalled ribosomal 70S-tmRNA-SmpB- @entity16599 complex (carrying both of the large ligands, that is, @entity16599 and tmRNA) at 8.3      resolution. This post-translocational intermediate (TI(POST)) presents the TLD-SmpB module in an intrasubunit ap/P hybrid site and a tRNA(fMet) in an intrasubunit pe/E hybrid site. Conformational changes in the ribosome and tmRNA occur in the intersubunit space and on the solvent side. The key underlying event is a unique extra-large swivel movement of the 30S head, which is crucial for both tmRNA-SmpB translocation and @entity8553 loading, thereby coupling translocation to @entity8553 loading. This mechanism exemplifies the versatile, dynamic nature of the ribosome, and it shows that the conformational modes of the ribosome that normally drive canonical translation can also be used in a modified form to facilitate more complex tasks in specialized non-canonical pathways.

title: The complex of tmRNA-SmpB and XXXX on translocating ribosomes.

entities_list: @entity8553 :: ('MESH:C565779', 'Disease') :: ['MLD', 'mRNA-like domain']

entities_list: @entity12119 :: ('MESH:D005672', 'Chemical') :: ['fusidic-acid']

answer: @entity16599 :: (85476,Gene) :: ['EF-G']


abstract: The @entity3371 Prevention Project (CAPPP) is an ongoing intervention study conducted in 11,019 @entity101 @entity1 in Sweden and Finland. @entity1 have been randomized to receive either conventional antihypertensive therapy (diuretics and/or beta-blockers) or @entity3371 -based treatment. A prospective, randomized, open, blinded-endpoint evaluation (PROBE) study design is used to compare these two therapeutic regimens as regards @entity65 and mortality. The rationale for the CAPPP Study are the many observations of beneficial effects of @entity1289 inhibition, as compared to diuretics and beta-blockers, on intermediary endpoints such as insulin sensitivity, serum lipoproteins, @entity4346 and renal function. @entity3371 has also been shown to be markedly effective in the treatment of @entity1002 as well as @entity712 . The hypothesis is that these differences might result in improved risk reduction when @entity1289 inhibitors are used in the treatment of @entity101 . The present paper describes the baseline data and the changes in blood pressure during the first year in the total cohort. During the first year the average blood pressure was reduced by 11/8 mm Hg. A number of substudies have been conducted in the CAPPP Study. In one of these insulin sensitivity was compared in a subgroup of the @entity1 using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique. In another substudy the @entity1289 gene was sequenced and some new polymorphisms were discovered. Several other substudies are in progress or in the planning phase. The main results of the CAPPP Study should be available by mid-1998. Some of the intended anayses of the final results as well as other planned substudies are briefly described here.

title: The XXXX Prevention Project (CAPPP) in @entity101 --baseline data and current status.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['Captopril']


abstract: It has previously been shown that miniature poodles with progressive rod-cone degeneration ( @entity61285 ) have lower plasma levels of @entity4600 (22:6n-3) than normal poodles and it has been suggested that affected animals have a defect in the metabolism of 22:6n-3. To test this hypothesis in vivo, @entity61285 -affected and normal miniature poodles were given daily oral supplements of linseed oil (enriched in 18:3n-3). Blood was drawn from food-deprived animals at predetermined times before, during and after supplementation, and plasma lipid @entity1718 were analysed. There were no differences in the levels of 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3 between affected and normal @entity235 . Therefore, there appears to be no abnormality in the elongation and desaturation system that takes 18:3n-3 to 22:5n-3. Surprisingly, the plasma level of 22:6n-3 was reduced in both groups following supplementation, but to a significantly greater extent in affected @entity235 . This resulted in a significantly higher 22:5n-3/22:6n-3 ratio in affected animals. These results support the earlier suggestion of an abnormality in 22:6n-3 metabolism in @entity61285 -affected miniature poodles. To determine the effect of n-3 supplementation on @entity5204 metabolism in @entity235 (not as a function of disease), results from both groups of @entity235 were pooled and compared at times before and near the end of supplementation. Dietary 18:3n-3 led to predictable increases in 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3, but to a decrease in 22:6n-3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma lipid changes in XXXX -affected and normal miniature poodles given oral supplements of linseed oil. Indications for the involvement of n-3 @entity1718 in inherited retinal degenerations.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity61285 :: (100049006(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['PRCD']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of different levels of spontaneous @entity1353 during biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation on lung function and injury in an experimental model of moderate @entity649 . DESIGN: Multiple-arm randomized experimental study. SETTING: University hospital research facility. SUBJECTS: Thirty-six juvenile @entity1707 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1707 were anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Moderate @entity649 was induced by repetitive saline lung lavage. Biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation was conducted using the airway pressure release ventilation mode with an inspiratory/expiratory ratio of 1:1. Animals were randomly assigned to one of four levels of spontaneous breath in total minute ventilation (n = 9 per group, 6 hr each): 1) biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation, 0%; 2) biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation, > 0-30%; 3) biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation, > 30-60%, and 4) biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation, > 60%. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The inspiratory effort measured by the esophageal pressure time product increased proportionally to the amount of spontaneous breath and was accompanied by improvements in oxygenation and respiratory system elastance. Compared with biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation of 0%, biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation more than 60% resulted in lowest venous admixture, as well as peak and mean airway and transpulmonary pressures, redistributed ventilation to dependent lung regions, reduced the cumulative @entity16 score across lungs (median [interquartile range], 11 [3-40] vs 18 [2-69]; p < 0.05), and decreased the level of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a in ventral lung tissue (median [interquartile range], 17.7 pg/mg [8.4-19.8] vs 34.5 pg/mg [29.9-42.7]; p < 0.05). Biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation more than 0-30% and more than 30-60% showed a less consistent pattern of improvement in lung function, @entity32 , and damage compared with biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation more than 60%. CONCLUSIONS: In this model of moderate @entity649 in @entity1707 , biphasic positive airway pressure/airway pressure release ventilation with levels of spontaneous breath higher than usually seen in clinical practice, that is, more than 30% of total minute ventilation, @entity651 with improved respiratory function, as compared with protective controlled mechanical ventilation.

title: Higher levels of spontaneous @entity651 in experimental moderate XXXX *.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['reduced lung injury']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: CONTEXT: It has been claimed that with the use of the @entity1218 test and knowledge of the nocturnal TSH surge, the diagnosis of so-called @entity1375 might be uncovered in a substantial proportion of euthyroid cranially irradiated @entity1 . STUDY SUBJECTS: We conducted 24-h TSH profiles and @entity1218 tests in 37 euthyroid adult @entity5 survivors 2-29 yr (median, 11.5) after irradiation (18-64 Gy) and in 33 matched normal controls. RESULTS: Basal and stimulated TSH levels (during the @entity1218 test) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the @entity1 who had received craniospinal irradiation, more so in those with severe @entity2338 . Six @entity1 (16%) had a hypothalamic TSH response to @entity1218 . The maximum TSH surge calculated from the highest peak (average of the highest three sequential samples) and the smallest nadir (average of the smallest three sequential samples) in the whole 24-h profile period was above the cutoff value of 50% in all except one control subject and two @entity1 . However, the nocturnal TSH surge was greatly reduced or absent in eight normal subjects (24%) and six @entity1 (16%), not due to a genuine loss of diurnal rhythm, but simply to a shift in the timing of the peak TSH and/or the nadir TSH to outside the recommended sampling times (for the nocturnal surge) of 2200-0400 and 1400-1800 h, respectively; thereby potentially leading to an erroneous diagnosis of @entity1375 . Overall, the maximum TSH surge was significantly (P = 0.01) reduced only in the @entity2338 @entity1 (100.7 +/- 11%) compared with normal subjects (154.9 +/- 18.2%). Free T4 levels did not correlate with TSH surge results. CONCLUSIONS: The normality of free T4 levels and the wide discrepancy between the high rate of these TSH abnormalities and the very low rate of overt secondary @entity1375 (3-6%) after prolonged periods of postirradiation follow-up strongly suggest that in the vast majority of @entity1 , these abnormalities in TSH dynamics represent subtle functional disturbances in the @entity2339 rather than genuine pathology that may progress with time. We suggest that in this context, use of the term @entity1375 is inappropriate, because these subtle changes may not have any clinical significance.

title: Circadian and stimulated thyrotropin secretion in cranially irradiated adult XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hidden central hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH-deficient', 'GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary axis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Many parents of @entity1 with ventriculoperitoneal shunts present to the emergency department for evaluation of a possible @entity5033 . No study to date has evaluated their ability to predict a @entity5033 . Our study objective was to evaluate parents' accuracy for predicting a @entity5033 in their @entity1 . We hypothesize that parents more experienced with @entity5033 are better able to predict subsequent malfunctions in their @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective, descriptive study on @entity1 younger than 18 years presenting to our tertiary care pediatric emergency department with a possible @entity5033 . Parents rated the likelihood of a @entity5033 using an unmarked 100-mm visual analog scale marked definitely malfunctioning at the high end. An experienced parent was defined as one who had previously experienced at least 3 shunt malfunctions in their @entity1 . RESULTS: We enrolled 85 parent- @entity1 dyads in our study. Twenty-four @entity1 were diagnosed with a malfunction. The predictive ability of parents to determine a @entity5033 was found at a threshold visual analog scale score of 66 (sensitivity, 88.9%, and specificity, 62.2%). At a determined threshold value of 85 or more, experienced parents had a high specificity of 89.2% with a positive likelihood ratio of 5.1. Experienced parents showed an area under the curve of 0.7928 (95% confidence interval, 0.6037-0.9819); and inexperienced parents, 0.5611 (95% confidence interval, 0.3646-0.7576) (P = 0.096). CONCLUSIONS: Experienced parents are better able to predict a @entity5033 in their @entity1 .

title: Test characteristics of parent's visual analog scale score in predicting XXXX in the pediatric emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['prior shunt malfunctions', 'ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction', 'shunt malfunction']

answer: @entity5033 :: (MESH:C562451,Disease) :: ['ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction']


abstract: OBJECT: Malignant @entity1313 have been proved to be resistant to standard treatments and therefore require new therapeutic strategies. Survivin, a recently described member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is overexpressed in several @entity1 @entity1313 , primarily @entity11 , but is downregulated in normal tissues. The authors hypothesized that the expression of @entity5 -specific survivin could be exploited for treatment of @entity11 by targeting the @entity5 with gene therapy vectors. METHODS: Following confirmation of survivin expression in @entity11 cell lines, an adenoviral vector containing the survivin promoter and the reporter gene luciferase was tested in established and primary @entity11 cells, normal astrocytic cells, and normal @entity1 brain tissues. High levels of reporter gene expression were observed in established @entity5 and @entity5 cell lines and low levels of expression in astrocytes and normal @entity1 brain tissue. To test oncolytic potency, the authors constructed survivin promoter-based conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds), composed of survivin promoter-regulated E1 gene expression and an RGD-4C capsid modification. These CRAds could efficiently replicate within and kill a variety of established @entity5 cells, but were inactive in a normal @entity1 liver organ culture. Finally, survivin promoter-based CRAds significantly inhibited the growth of @entity11 xenografts in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Together these data indicate that the survivin promoter is a promising @entity5 -specific promoter for transcriptional targeting of adenovirus-based vectors and CRAds for @entity11 . The strategy of using survivin-CRAds may thus translate into an experimental therapeutic approach that can be used in @entity1 clinical trials.

title: The XXXX survivin promoter: a novel transcriptional targeting strategy for treatment of @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glioma tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Tomography with acquisition synchronized with electrocardiography, gated-tomography, allows the assessment of left ventricular contractile function. The accuracy of a new method of gated-tomography, based on the three dimensional representation of the left ventricle to calculate the ejection fraction was validated by means of comparison with contrast ventriculography. METHODS: We studied 85 @entity1 with @entity63 , and ejection fraction was calculated by contrast ventriculography and sestamibi-gated-tomography, at rest and throughout 10 micrograms/kg/min of @entity452 . Furthermore, we assessed the extent of perfusion defect, as well as the number of segments with activity below 50% of the total 13 segments in which the tomographic slices were divided. RESULTS: Gated-tomography was significantly correlated to contrast ventriculography in the calculation of ejection fraction, both with acquisition at rest (r = 0.80) and throughout @entity452 (r = 0.82). The average underestimation of gated-tomography calculation of ejection fraction was significantly greater for the rest study (-0.12 [IC 95% 0.04, -0.30]) than the @entity452 study (-0.07 [IC 95% 0.09, -0.24]). @entity1 with greater perfusion defects (4 o more segments) had no differences in underestimation of ejection fraction (-0.13 [IC 95% 0.03, -0.30] versus -0.11 [IC 95% 0.07, -0.29]). CONCLUSIONS: The three-dimensional method of gated-tomography accurately assesses the ejection fraction. The underestimation determined by this method was lower in the study done with viable doses of @entity452 . The extent of perfusion defect had no deleterious effect on gated-tomography in the calculation of ejection fraction.

title: [Validation of the three-dimensional method of sestamibi gated-SPECT in the calculation of the left ventricular ejection fraction in XXXX with ischemic heart disease. Comparison with contrast ventriculography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A candidate gene for @entity1129 group D ( @entity14050 ) has been cloned (Kapp et al. 1992), sequenced and found to be a member of a recently reported gene family (Leonhardt et al. 1994). Transcriptional behaviour of @entity14050 has been examined in a number of cell lines and @entity1 tissues using a 3.0 kb cloned cDNA as a probe. Three normal and two @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) group D, non-transformed fibroblast cell lines produced a 2.4 kb mRNA transcript. The size of mRNA transcripts seen and the level of expression differ in different @entity1 tissues. Many tissues have multiple transcripts of @entity14050 and the most prominent transcripts observed were 3.0, 2.4 and 1.6 kb. Two out of three SV-40 transformed normal and one SV-40-transformed @entity1129 group D fibroblast cell lines demonstrated no transcription of @entity14050 by RNA blotting analysis. These results suggest that SV-40 transformation may affect the expression of @entity14050 . Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that @entity14050 was expressed at low levels in all of these cells. Additional Northern blot analysis demonstrated that X-irradiation with 10 Gy had no effect on @entity14050 expression at 1, 4 and 24 h after irradiation in either SV-40-transformed normal or in SV-40-transformed @entity1129 group D fibroblast cell lines. Further understanding of @entity14050 will require cloning of additional transcripts and studies of @entity14050 protein behaviour.

title: Expression of a candidate @entity1129 group D gene in cultured fibroblast cell lines and XXXX tissues.

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A-T', 'ataxia-telangiectasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine recent trends in the use of inhaled @entity2263 -adrenergic agonists and inhaled @entity288 for the treatment of @entity565 among Saskatchewan residents and to determine whether these trends are in keeping with widely publicized guidelines recommending a reduction in the use of agents to treat symptoms (i.e., inhaled @entity2263 -adrenergic agonists) and increased use of prophylactic agents (i.e., inhaled @entity288 ). DESIGN: Descriptive pharmacoepidemiologic study conducted with the use of data from the computerized database of the Saskatchewan Prescription Drug Plan. SETTING: Saskatchewan. @entity1 : Saskatchewan residents 5 to 54 years of age who received one or more outpatient prescriptions for drugs to treat @entity565 (inhaled drugs, ingested @entity2263 -adrenergic agonists and ingested @entity13318 ) from 1989 to 1993. OUTCOME MEASURES: Epidemiologic trends, calculated for each year: number of prescriptions per 1,000 @entity1 ; number of @entity1 who received prescriptions for inhaled @entity288 , inhaled @entity2263 -adrenergic agonists and any type of drug to treat @entity565 ; mean number of such prescriptions per @entity1 ; and weighted mean amount of @entity3045 , @entity7284 and @entity2715 dispensed per @entity1 . RESULTS: There has been an increase in the proportion of the population receiving prescriptions for drugs to treat @entity565 . The number of @entity1 receiving these drugs per 1,000 @entity1 rose during the study period from 33.38 to 46.59 for any drug to treat @entity565 , from 24.70 to 33.77 for inhaled @entity2263 -adrenergic agonists and from 6.1 to 19.9 for inhaled @entity288 . The mean number of prescriptions per @entity1 decreased steadily for all drugs to treat @entity565 (from 5.34 in 1989 to 3.88 in 1993), for inhaled @entity2263 -adrenergic agonists (from 4.35 to 3.09) and for inhaled @entity288 (from 2.98 to 2.25). The weighted mean amount of inhaled @entity3045 dispensed per @entity1 per year decreased by 40%, from 178.08 mg in 1989 to 109.14 mg in 1993. The weighted amount of @entity7284 dispensed per @entity1 per year declined even more, by 58%, from 387.91 mg in 1989 to 164.00 mg in 1993. Conversely, the weighted amount of inhaled @entity2715 dispensed per @entity1 per year increased by 35% from 46.95 mg in 1989 to 63.50 mg in 1992, then dropped to 56.17 mg per year in 1993. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate a substantial change in Saskatchewan in the prescribing of drugs to treat @entity565 ; they suggest that many physicians responded to current guidelines advocating increased attention to prevention of airway inflammation in the treatment of @entity565 .

title: Recent trends in the use of inhaled XXXX -adrenergic agonists and inhaled @entity288 in Saskatchewan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity13318 :: ('CHEBI:25348', 'Chemical') :: ['methylxanthines']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2263 :: (10242,Gene) :: ['beta 2']


abstract: A set of monozygotic triplets (PE.K., P.K., S.K.) has been studied. There is no @entity6 in first-degree relatives. PE.K. developed insulin-requiring (60 U. NPH) @entity6 at the age of 13 years. Over a period of 11 years since that time, numerous studies of insulin and @entity2124 secretion were performed on P.K. and S.K., including multiple oral @entity413 tolerance tests (OGTTs), @entity821 -primed oral @entity413 tolerance tests (C-OGTTs), intravenous @entity413 tolerance tests (IVGTTs), and intravenous @entity11243 tests (IVTTs). The results of each test were compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. P. K. developed insulin-requiring (56 U. NPH) @entity6 after remaining discordant for eight years. @entity413 , insilin, and @entity2124 responses during all tests were normal except during the IVGTT performed four months prior to the onset of @entity6 . This last IVGTT revealed a @entity413 disappearance rate of 0.98 per cent per minute, and the slope of the regression line of serum-insulin response (IRI) on blood @entity413 (BG) was markedly decreased to 0.005 micronU./ml. IRI/mg./dl. BG (controls 0.340 +/- 0.04; mean +/- S.E.M.). The insulin responses in P.K. and S.K. were similar during all OGTTs, C-OGTTs, and IVTTs. S.K. has continued to maintain normal @entity413 tolerance and normal insulin and @entity2124 responses during all tests. The histocompability antigen studies have revealed HLA-A2, AW24, @entity37240 , and BW40 phenotype in these monozygotic triplets. Muscle capillary basement membranes of the nondiabetic triplet were normal, whereas both diabetic triplets manifested evidence of @entity631 . The clinical and biochemical profiles in these triplets and the capillary basement membrane data lend strong credence to the role of "nongenetic" determinants in the development of "genetic" @entity6 as well as @entity532 in juvenile-onset-type @entity6 .

title: Monozygotic triplets with discordance for XXXX and @entity532 .

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['capillary basement membrane thickening']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown an unmet need in the treatment of @entity1277 . In the last decade, interest in technology-based interventions (TBIs) (including computer- and Internet-based interventions [CBIs] or mobile interventions) for providing evidence-based therapies to individuals with @entity146 has increased. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the potential of TBIs in the field of @entity1277 , @entity1278 ( @entity1279 ), for both prevention and treatment, and also for carers of @entity1277 @entity1 . METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline and PsycINFO. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also reviewed without date or study type restrictions. RESULTS: Forty studies resulting in 45 publications reporting outcomes fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 22 randomized controlled trials, 2 controlled studies, and 16 uncontrolled studies. In total, 3646 @entity1 were included. Overall, the studies provided evidence for the efficacy of guided CBIs, especially for @entity1279 @entity1 and for compliant @entity1 . Furthermore, videoconferencing also appeared to be a promising approach. Evaluation results of Internet-based prevention of @entity1277 and Internet-based programs for carers of @entity1277 @entity1 were also encouraging. Finally, there was preliminary evidence for the efficacy of mobile interventions. CONCLUSIONS: TBIs may be an additional way of delivering evidence-based treatments to @entity1277 @entity1 and their use is likely to increase in the near future. TBIs may also be considered for the prevention of @entity1277 and to support carers of @entity1277 @entity1 . Areas of future research and important issues such as guidance, therapeutic alliance, and dissemination are discussed.

title: The Potential of Technology-Based Psychological Interventions for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['different mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['namely for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'eating disorder']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of 64-section multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to detect significant @entity3979 using conventional coronary angiography (CCA) as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent were obtained. In this prospective study, 80 @entity1 (61 male, 19 female, mean age 56) were examined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. McNemar test was used to search for the significant difference between 64-section MDCT angiography and CCA to detect @entity850 . Also, kappa index (kappa) for the agreement between MDCT angiography and CCA was calculated. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive values (NPV) for detecting significant @entity850 were 96%, 98%, 91%, 99%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 and NPV for classification of @entity1 with or without CAD were 100% for all. McNemar test demonstrated no significant difference between 64-section MDCT angiography and CCA. Also, kappa index (kappa) indicated excellent agreement. CONCLUSION: Sixty-four section MDCT angiography is an effective diagnostic tool for the detection of significant @entity3979 . Especially, the potential to differentiate @entity1 with and without CAD may provide MDCT an important role in the prevention of unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.

title: Detection of significant XXXX with 64-section MDCT angiography.

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: Six @entity1 with @entity2967 of the spine had surgery between 1981 and 1995. Three lesions were located in the scrum, two lesions were in the thoracic spine, and one lesion was in the lumbar spine. Preoperatively, all @entity1 had local @entity16 . Two @entity1 had cement implanted after curettage or intralesional excision of the @entity5 ; one @entity1 had a local relapse. After the second curettage and cement implantation, the @entity5 was controlled. One @entity1 with a @entity75 had marginal excision and spondylodesis; no relapse developed. Two @entity1 with @entity1514 had planned marginal excision and spondylodesis; the margins finally became intralesional, but no relapse developed. One @entity1 with a @entity75 had incomplete @entity5 and received postoperative irradiation. At the final followup (median, 69 months), five of six @entity1 were disease-free and one @entity1 died of disease progression. Two of the five surviving @entity1 had @entity158 after standing or neurologic problems. Although some contamination occurred, planning a marginal excision of the lesion seems beneficial for vertebral lesions above the sacrum. Total sacrectomy of a @entity75 seems to be too invasive when cement implantation can control the lesion.

title: XXXX of the spine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sacral lesion', 'lumbar lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'sacral tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['pain and neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['Giant cell tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The effects of C-type and brain natriuretic peptides ( @entity9076 and @entity18107 , respectively) on renal excretion of @entity1372 and hemodynamics have not yet been studied in @entity82 . METHODS: This study aimed to examine the effects of saline, @entity9076 (300 ng.kg-1.min-1 i.v. for 30 min) and @entity18107 (600 ng.kg-1.min-1 i.v. for 30 min) on natriuresis and diuresis in normal and @entity35 with @entity82 . Moreover, regional and systemic hemodynamics were measured prior to and following @entity9076 and @entity18107 administration in normal @entity35 and @entity35 with @entity82 with @entity843 . RESULTS: In @entity35 with @entity82 , the effects of @entity9076 or @entity18107 or natriuresis and diuresis did not significantly differ from the effects of saline. @entity9076 significantly decreased portal pressure and systemic vascular resistance and significantly increased the cardiac index. @entity18107 significantly decreased portal tributary blood flow, portal pressure and cardiac index. In normal @entity35 , natriuresis and diuresis were significantly higher with @entity9076 and @entity18107 than with saline. Systemic hemodynamics were not changed by @entity9076 . A decrease in arterial pressure was the sole @entity18107 -induced hemodynamic change. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study shows that the natriuretic response to pharmacological doses of @entity9076 and @entity18107 is blunted in @entity35 with @entity82 . This blunting may be related to an activation of the endogenous antinatriuretic systems secondary to systemic vasodilation (by @entity9076 ) or to a decreased cardiac index (by @entity18107 ). Finally, this study shows that @entity9076 and @entity18107 have a portal @entity551 action.

title: Blunted natriuresis and abnormal systemic hemodynamic responses to C-type and brain natriuretic peptides in @entity35 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: AIM: The @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) gene is a proto-oncogene involved in the signal transduction pathways leading to cell growth and differentiation. The present study focused on the clinical significance of the expression of @entity1722 in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Consecutive specimens of 159 @entity420 and 77 @entity957 , from @entity1 who had been treated by complete resection of @entity1149 in our department between 2003 and 2005, were studied. The @entity1722 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with score of membranous staining being 0=none, 1=weak, 2=10-30% cells, 3>= 30% cells stained. RESULTS: The staining scores in @entity420 were 0 in 121 @entity1 (76.1%), 1 in 16 (10.0%), 2 in 17 (10.7%), and 3 in 5 @entity1 (3.1%). The @entity1722 expression scores in @entity957 were 0 in 74 @entity1 (96.1%), 1 in 1 (1.2%), 2 in 1 (1.2%), and 3 in 1 @entity1 (1.2%). The postoperative 5-year survival rate of @entity1 with @entity420 according to the expression of @entity1722 scores 0, 1, 2 and 3 was 75.3%, 77.8%, 76.5% and 20.0%, respectively. @entity1 with @entity420 with score 3 staining had a significantly unfavorable prognosis compared to those with staining scores of 0-2 (p=0.0216). CONCLUSION: @entity1722 overexpression (score 3) in adenocaricinoma was a significantly unfavorable prognostic factor. Since the number of @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity1722 overexpression was small, further investigations will be necessary to clarify the efficacy of molecular targeted therapy for this subgroup.

title: The prognostic significance of @entity1722 overexpression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The psychosocial impact of 'late' @entity2319 in adults has received little research attention. The aim of this study was to examine the views of @entity1 with experience of late @entity2319 living in the UK. Eight @entity1 (six male; age range 33 to 60) were interviewed by a researcher who had undergone appropriate communication skills training. In-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed. Data were analysed using framework analysis to identify themes. Becoming deafened was a devastating experience for many @entity1 who experienced severe @entity458 , social, and employment consequences. They no longer felt they belonged in the hearing world, and neither did they belong in the prelingually deaf world. Onset of @entity2319 had left them in a twilight zone between worlds and had robbed them of their identity. Whilst the support received from health and social care professionals was mixed, all @entity1 valued the peer support and training received on an intensive rehabilitation programme delivered by deafened @entity1 . Findings provide insight into deafened @entity1 ' psychosocial experiences and emphasize the need for support and advice.

title: Living with late XXXX : insight from between worlds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'peoples']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: The mechanism and target cell of the life-prolonging effect of interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) in @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) are controversial. We studied the influence of @entity3027 treatment on the frequency of malignant hematopoietic precursor cells in the peripheral blood (PB) of @entity1860 @entity1 during the course of the disease. PB 10-day colony-forming cells (PB-CFCs) were assessed with regard to their quantity, lineage distribution, and @entity1861 status, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). PB-CFC numbers were determined in 39 @entity1 (29 in the chronic phase, 6 in an advanced stage, and 4 with progression to an advanced stage during follow-up). Thirty-one @entity1 were evaluated either once or several times to determine the @entity1861 status of the colonies. @entity1861 negative PB-CFCs were detectable at diagnosis in 5 of 11 @entity1 . A major reduction of @entity1861 positive colonies to <25% of PB-CFCs was observed in 10/13 determinable @entity3027 treated @entity1 in early and late chronic phases, indicating a high proportion of @entity1861 negativity at the clonogenic cell level. In contrast, only 3 of these @entity1 had a cytogenetic response of <25% Philadelphia chromosome ( @entity12297 )-positive metaphases in bone marrow cytogenetics. Treatment with @entity3027 and/or @entity1862 (HU) during chronic phase was accompanied by a reduction of PB-CFCs to subnormal levels (median 24 CFCs/ml) compared to controls (median 207 CFCs/ml), untreated @entity1 in chronic phase (median 25,979 CFCs/ml), and @entity1 with @entity1442 (median 6,047 CFCs/ml). In @entity9638 (6 @entity1 ), all colonies tested were @entity1861 positive. Our results show that @entity3027 treatment leads to a marked reduction of malignant myeloid precursor cells in the PB of @entity1860 @entity1 , which exceeds the degree of cytogenetic remission. This offers an explanation for the good therapeutic efficacy and even life-prolonging effect of @entity3027 , which is also observed in cytogenetic non-responders.

title: Predominantly XXXX negative myeloid precursors in interferon-alpha treated @entity1860 : a follow-up study of peripheral blood colony-forming cells with fluorescence in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1861 :: (25,Gene) :: ['BCR-ABL']


abstract: The study aim was to quantify efficacy and @entity1 safety of registered nurse-administered procedural sedation and @entity1337 in a regional burn center. The investigators conducted a review of procedural sedation forms for all pediatric and adult @entity1 admitted to this burn center from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2005, for demographic and clinical data including @entity1 age, gender, body weight, TBSA, dates of @entity130 and wound care procedures, length of procedure, pre- and postprocedural @entity158 assessment, procedural sedation/ @entity1337 medications and doses, adverse drug events, and related interventions. During the 12-month study period, a total of 328 burn @entity1 received 1293 procedural sedation procedures; @entity1 subjects ( <= 18 years) received 356 procedures and adult subjects (19-87 years) received 937 procedures. The mean (SD) length of the procedure was 60.1 (22.49) minutes with a range of 10 to 170 minutes. The mean subject age was 34.2 years (range: 6 weeks to 87 years), 67% were male, and the mean TBSA was 17% (0.5-68%). Ninety-four percent received @entity3575 for @entity1337 and 85% received @entity1363 for anxiolysis and @entity2730 . The mean preprocedural @entity158 score was 3.2 and the mean postprocedural @entity158 score was 2 (t = 14.795; df = 1243; P < .001). Ten adverse events, all respiratory related, were documented in eight @entity1 , two of whom experienced a second adverse event for an overall adverse event rate of 0.77%. No @entity1 required intubation. Procedural sedation administered by a registered nurse competent in administration and monitoring in a burn center provided safe and effective @entity158 management during wound care.

title: Efficacy and safety of procedural sedation and XXXX for burn wound care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: We have previously demonstrated beneficial effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on corneal epithelial healing in different in vivo models. In the present study, we investigated the influence on epithelial and stromal healing of topical bFGF after excimer laser keratomileusis in a @entity95 model. The corneas of 24 New Zealand white @entity95 were deepithelialized (7-mm diameter) and subsequently received identical deep stromal laser ablations (depth, 50 microns; 6 D; diameter, 5 mm). The animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: PBS (control); bFGF at 500 ng/application; @entity619 0.1%, and bFGF+ @entity619 (n = 12 eyes/group). All treatments were given four times daily; with bFGF being given until complete epithelial healing and @entity619 and PBS, until 3 months postsurgery. Wound surface regression on time was determined by means of computer-assisted image analysis of @entity941 -stained corneas. @entity5575 was scored using slit-lamp observation and graded following a previously established scoring system. As compared with the other three treatment groups, a highly significant acceleration in the rate of epithelial wound healing was found after bFGF application for 2-3 days only (P < 0.001). A combined therapy (bFGF+ @entity134 ) had no effect on the healing rate. As compared with control values, the peak scores for subepithelial haze were significantly lower in eyes that had received bFGF; the regression on time of the haze in the growth factor group paralleled that in eyes receiving continuous @entity134 treatment. These results demonstrate for the first time the efficiency of a growth factor in modulating the wound-healing response after excimer laser photoablation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Basic fibroblast growth factor modulates corneal wound healing after excimer laser keratomileusis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: HLA-B27/beta2 microglobulin transgenic (TG) @entity35 develop spontaneous @entity1960 when raised under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions or after mono-association with @entity3395 ( @entity3395 ), whereas germ-free TG @entity35 fail to develop intestinal @entity32 . SPF HLA-B27 TG @entity27985 / @entity27985 @entity35 , which are congenitally athymic, remain disease free. These results indicate that commensal intestinal bacteria and T cells are both pivotal for the development of @entity1960 in TG @entity35 . However, it is not known if T cells are also required in the induction of @entity1960 by a single bacterial strain. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the role of T cells in the development of @entity1960 in @entity3395 -monoassociated HLA-B27 TG @entity35 . METHODS: HLA-B27 TG @entity27985 / @entity27985 and @entity27985 /+ @entity35 were monoassociated with @entity3395 for 8-12 weeks. @entity11264 (+) T cells from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of @entity3395 -monoassociated @entity27985 /+ TG donor @entity35 were transferred into @entity3395 -monoassociated @entity27985 / @entity27985 TG recipients. RESULTS: @entity3395 -monoassociated @entity27985 /+ @entity35 showed higher histologic inflammatory scores and elevated colonic @entity3692 mRNA, cecal myeloperoxidase, and cecal @entity3426 levels compared to those in @entity27985 / @entity27985 TG @entity35 that did not contain T cells. After transfer of @entity11264 (+) cells from colitic @entity3395 -monoassociated @entity27985 /+ TG donor @entity35 , @entity3395 -monoassociated @entity27985 / @entity27985 TG recipients developed @entity1960 that was accompanied by @entity3395 -induced IFN-gamma production by MLN cells in vitro and inflammatory parameters similar to @entity27985 /+ TG @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: These results implicate @entity11264 (+) T cells in the development of @entity1960 in HLA-B27 TG @entity35 monoassociated with the nonpathogenic bacterial strain @entity3395 .

title: @entity11264 (+) T lymphocytes mediate XXXX in HLA-B27 transgenic @entity35 monoassociated with nonpathogenic @entity3395 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3395 :: ('821', 'Species') :: ['B. vulgatus', 'Bacteroides vulgatus']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this phase I/II study is to investigate the safety/ @entity137 profile of weekly administration of @entity1205 in combination with @entity900 for the chemo-naive @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), and to evaluate the efficacy of this regime. METHODS: In phase I trial, 15 @entity1 were included. IV infusion of escalating doses of @entity1205 consisting of four levels from 25 to 40 mg/m2 (25, 30, 35, 40 mg/m2) on D1, 8, 15 and @entity900 of 75 mg/m2 on D1 was administered. The regime was repeated every 4 weeks. Blood samples were obtained on D1, 15 in the first cycle to measure the PK. Dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) was determined in cycle 1 and defined as any grade 3 non- @entity1503 which could not be reverted into grade less than grade 2 within 4 days or any grade 4 @entity1503 . Eighty-three @entity1 completed their phase II study with administration of @entity1205 at a dose of 35 mg/m2 based on the data of phase I trial. RESULTS: In the phase I trial, grade 3/4 @entity1398 was mainly observed in @entity1 who received @entity1205 of 40 mg/m2 (level 4) with one @entity1 suffering from an infection signifying dose limiting @entity137 (DLT). @entity1503 including @entity390 / @entity391 , alopecia, fluid retension and @entity1395 were tolerable. Based on these data, the maximum tolerence dose (MTD) did not reach the level of weekly giving @entity1205 at a dose of 40 mg/m2 in combination with @entity900 75 mg/m2 every 4 weeks. The pharmacokinetic/dynamics results There was no statistically significant difference between clearance value among the 4 dose levels of @entity1205 from 25 to 40 mg/m2 when measured by Cmax and AUC. The pharmacokinetics of @entity1205 was not influenced by the presence of co-administration of @entity900 when compared D1 with D15 as based on CmaxN, AUCN and CL. In the phase II trial, totally 83 @entity1 received 216 cycles of chemotherapy. One CR (complete response) and 22 PR (partial response) were achieved with an objective response rate of 27.7% in this series and 30.7% in the evaluable @entity1 . The 1-year survival was 48.6% with a median survival of 10.7 months (range: 3-34 months). Hematologic @entity137 were the major side effects, though most were mild; grade III/IV @entity1398 developed in 15%. The common non-hematologic @entity137 were @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity1395 . CONCLUSION: Weekly consecutive administration of @entity1205 on D1, 8, 15 for 3 weeks plus @entity900 on D1 is tolerable and effective with minimal myelosuppression in chemo-naive @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: [Phase I/II clinical trial of weekly administration of XXXX plus @entity900 for advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematological toxicities', 'hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3965 @entity311 is one of the most important infectious diseases plaguing humanity and causes significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The gold standard of @entity3965 @entity311 diagnosis is the microscopy of blood smears. Although microscopy is a rapid, cost-effective, and readily applicable method, it has many disadvantages, including low sensitivity, specificity, and precision. Therefore, there is a clear need for an effective screening test for @entity3965 @entity311 detection both in high-prevalence areas and developed countries. METHODS: A total of 1761 complete blood count (CBC) samples generated by the automated hematology analyzer (DxH 800   ; Beckman Coulter Inc., Miami, FL, USA) were retrospectively analyzed. The sample pool contained 123 samples from 52 @entity3965 @entity311 @entity1 and 1504 nonmalarial samples including 509 @entity1 with @entity1431 (white blood cell <2000/ L) and 134 normal subjects. RESULTS: The @entity3965 @entity311 samples exhibited easily recognizable typical @entity311 signals on the nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) plots (sensitivity 100%) in DxH 800   . All 1504 samples without @entity3965 infection were negative for @entity311 signal (specificity 100%). The size of @entity3965 @entity311 signals correlated roughly with the parasite burden. CONCLUSION: DxH800    provides very sensitive and specific, easily recognizable @entity3965 @entity311 signals on routine CBC without need for the additional reagents or special procedures.

title: Sensitive detection and accurate monitoring of XXXX parasites on routine complete blood count using automatic blood cell analyzer (DxH800(TM)).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['P. vivax', 'Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium vivax']


abstract: In metazoans, many mRNAs needed for embryogenesis are produced during oogenesis and must be tightly regulated during the complex events of oocyte development. In @entity2199 , translation of the @entity33582 receptor @entity43238 is repressed during oogenesis and is then activated specifically in anterior cells of the early embryo. The KH domain protein @entity32264 represses @entity43238 translation during early stages of meiosis, but the factors that repress @entity43238 during late oogenesis are not known. Here, we provide evidence that the PUF domain protein @entity60237 and two nearly identical PUF proteins @entity60238 and @entity60239 function during a specific period of oocyte differentiation to repress @entity43238 and other maternal mRNAs. Depletion of @entity60237 and @entity60238 /7 together caused defects in oocyte formation and early embryonic cell divisions. Loss of @entity60237 and @entity60238 /7 also caused inappropriate expression of @entity43238 protein in oocytes, but @entity43238 remained repressed in meiotic germ cells. @entity60237 and @entity60238 /7 function was required directly or indirectly for translational repression through elements of the @entity43238 3' untranslated region. Oogenesis and @entity2085 could not be rescued by loss of @entity43238 activity, suggesting that @entity60237 and @entity60238 /7 regulate other mRNAs in addition to @entity43238 . @entity60237 and @entity60238 /7 depletion, however, did not perturb repression of the maternal factors @entity32264 and @entity60240 , suggesting that subsets of maternal gene products may be regulated by distinct pathways. Interestingly, @entity60237 protein was detected exclusively during mid to late oogenesis but became undetectable prior to completion of oocyte differentiation. These results reveal a previously unknown maternal mRNA control system that is specific to late stages of oogenesis and suggest new functions for PUF family proteins in post-mitotic differentiation. Multiple sets of RNA-binding complexes function in different domains of the @entity2199 germ line to maintain silencing of @entity33582 / @entity43238 and other mRNAs.

title: The RNA-binding proteins @entity60237 , @entity60238 , and @entity60239 reveal multiple systems for maternal mRNA regulation during XXXX oogenesis.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic defects']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']


abstract: @entity170 and associated @entity174 are a major health concern in Western industrialized nations. Exercise during growth is suggested to oppose the involutional @entity604 later in life by increasing peak bone mass. The primary aim of the present meta-analysis was to provide a robust estimate of the effect of weight-bearing activities (WBAs) on bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD), during childhood and adolescence. To locate relevant studies up to June 2012, computerized searches of multiple bibliographic databases and hand searches of key journals and reference lists were performed. Results were extracted by two independent reviewers. The quality of the included trials was assessed via the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score. The study group effect was defined as the difference between the standardized mean change for the treatment and control groups divided by the pooled pretest SD. From 109 potentially relevant studies, only 27 met the inclusion criteria. The analyzed training programs were capable of significantly increasing BMC and aBMD during growth. However, the weighted overall effect sizes (ESs) for changes in BMC (ES 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.29; p   <   0.05) and aBMD (ES 0.26; 95% CI, 0.02-0.49) were small. Stepwise backward regression revealed that more than one-third of the observed variance (r(2)    =   0.35) between subgroups of the BMC dataset could be explained by differences in the amount of habitual @entity460 intake per day (beta 0.54, p   <   0.01) and the maturational stage (beta -0.28, p   <   0.01) at baseline. No significant moderators were identified for aBMD, possibly due to the small number of trials investigating WBAs on aBMD. The results of this meta-analysis conclude that WBAs alongside high @entity460 intake provide a practical, relevant method to significantly improve BMC in prepubertal @entity1 , justifying the application of this exercise form as an @entity170 prophylaxis in this stage of maturity.

title: Effects of weight-bearing activities on bone mineral content and density in XXXX and adolescents: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Monotherapy with protease-inhibitors (MPI) may be an alternative to cART for @entity645 treatment. We assessed the impact of this strategy on immune activation, bacterial translocation and @entity32 . METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study comparing @entity1 on successful MPI (n=40) with @entity1 on cART (n=20). Activation, senescence, exhaustion and differentiation stage in @entity404 + and @entity405 + T lymphocyte subsets, markers of monocyte activation, microbial translocation, @entity32 , coagulation and @entity258 were assessed. RESULTS: @entity404 + or @entity405 + T lymphocyte subset parameters were not significantly different between both groups. Conversely, as compared with triple cART, MPI @entity1 showed a higher proportion of activated monocytes ( @entity5750 + @entity4071 -CD163+ cells, p=0.031), soluble markers of monocyte activation (sCD14 p=0.004, sCD163 p=0.002), microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein; @entity5752 p=0.07), @entity32 ( @entity650 p=0.04) and @entity258 (p=0.035). In a multivariate model, a higher level of @entity5750 + @entity4071 -CD163+ cells and sCD14, and presence of @entity258 were independently associated with MPI. Monocyte activation was independently associated with markers of @entity32 ( @entity650 , p=0.006), microbial translocation ( @entity5752 , p=0.01) and @entity258 (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 on MPI showed a higher level of monocyte activation than @entity1 on standard therapy. Microbial translocation and @entity258 were associated with the high level of monocyte activation observed in @entity1 on MPI. The long-term clinical consequences of these findings should be assessed.

title: Protease inhibitor monotherapy is associated with a higher level of monocyte activation, bacterial translocation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-level viremia', 'very low-level viremia']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: A total of 533 operations for recurrent @entity4794 have been performed since 1987. Two hundred and twenty-six @entity1 were operated on under extracorporeal circulation. Indications for open correction of the abnormality as an alternative to transventricular commissurotomy were defined by echocardiographic studies. In 86 @entity1 , @entity339 was accompanied by involvement of other valves: aortic, tricuspid. Mitral prosthesis was required in 216 cases. Valve-preserving operations were made in 10 cases. The hospital mortality was 12.8%, it decreased from 17.5 for the first 126 operations to 7% for the last 100 operations. In @entity256 , the hospital mortality rate was 7.8%, it has reduced by 1.8% in the past 2 years. The hospital mortality was 2.4% for 327 transventricular recommissurotomies. There were 20.9% fatal outcomes in restenosis concurrent with other @entity340 . In mitral- @entity10710 , @entity204 reduced from 23.8% to 9.5%. The mortality rates decreased from 35.7 to 15.4% in @entity4794 and from 33.3% to 18.2% in @entity10710 . High mortality rates in restenosis concurrent with involvement of other valves are mainly related to the baseline status of the @entity1 operated on.

title: [The results of the surgical treatment of recurrent XXXX under artificial circulation].

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral restenosis']

entities_list: @entity10710 :: ('MESH:D014264', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['isolated restenosis']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis', 'mitral-aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular diseases']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) is considered to be a strictly carnivorous fish species that is metabolically adapted for high catabolism of proteins and low utilization of dietary @entity3363 . This species consequently has a " @entity413 -intolerant" phenotype manifested by persistent @entity4854 when fed a high- @entity1735 diet. Gluconeogenesis in adult fish is also poorly, if ever, regulated by @entity3363 , suggesting that this metabolic pathway is involved in this specific phenotype. In this study, we hypothesized that the fate of duplicated genes after the salmonid-specific 4th whole genome duplication (Ss4R) may have led to adaptive innovation and that their study might provide new elements to enhance our understanding of gluconeogenesis and poor dietary @entity1735 use in this species. Our evolutionary analysis of gluconeogenic genes revealed that pck1, pck2, fbp1a, and g6pca were retained as singletons after Ss4r, while g6pcb1, g6pcb2, and fbp1b ohnolog pairs were maintained. For all genes, duplication may have led to sub- or neofunctionalization. Expression profiles suggest that the gluconeogenesis pathway remained active in trout fed a no- @entity1735 diet. When trout were fed a high- @entity1735 diet (30%), most of the gluconeogenic genes were non- or downregulated, except for g6pbc2 ohnologs, whose RNA levels were surprisingly increased. This study demonstrates that Ss4R in trout involved adaptive innovation via gene duplication and via the outcome of the resulting ohnologs. Indeed, maintenance of ohnologous g6pcb2 pair may contribute in a significant way to the @entity413 -intolerant phenotype of trout and may partially explain its poor use of dietary @entity3363 .

title: New insights into the nutritional regulation of gluconeogenesis in carnivorous XXXX ( @entity5660 ): a gene duplication trail.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundRegional specificity allows different skin regions to exhibit different characteristics, enabling complementary functions to make effective use of the integumentary surface. @entity1573 exhibit a high degree of regional specificity in the skin and can serve as a good model for when and how these regional differences begin to emerge.ResultsWe used developing feather and scale regions in embryonic @entity1573 as a model to gauge the differences in their molecular pathways. We employed cosine similarity analysis to identify the differentially regulated and co-regulated genes. We applied low cell techniques for expression validation and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based enhancer identification to overcome limited cell availabilities from embryonic @entity1573 skin.We identified a specific set of genes demonstrating a high correlation as being differentially expressed during feather and scale development and maturation. Some members of the WNT, TGF-beta/BMP, and Notch family known to be involved in feathering skin differentiation were found to be differentially regulated. Interestingly, we also found genes along @entity460 channel pathways that are differentially regulated. From the analysis of differentially regulated pathways, we used @entity460 signaling pathways as an example for further verification. Some voltage-gated @entity460 channel subunits, particularly @entity58631 , are expressed spatio-temporally in the skin epithelium. These @entity460 signaling pathway members may be involved in developmental decisions, morphogenesis, or epithelial maturation. We further characterized enhancers associated with histone modifications, including H3K4me1, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3, near @entity460 channel-related genes and identified signature intensive hotspots that may be correlated with certain voltage-gated @entity460 channel genes.ConclusionWe demonstrated the applicability of cosine similarity analysis for identifying novel regulatory pathways that are differentially regulated during development. Our study concerning the effects of signaling pathways and histone signatures on enhancers suggests that voltage-gated @entity460 signaling may be involved in early skin development. This work lays the foundation for studying the roles of these gene pathways and their genomic regulation during the establishment of skin regional specificity.

title: Emergence of differentially regulated pathways associated with the development of regional specificity in XXXX skin.

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'Chickens', 'chicken']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']