abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report a high incidence of @entity3136 occurring in @entity1 on a pilot study of the epidermal growth factor receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitor @entity4562 (Iressa) in combination with @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) and external beam radiation therapy for the treatment of locally advanced squamous cell @entity135 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 were enrolled on a pilot phase I trial of oral @entity4562 250 mg/d with 6 weekly doses of @entity1311 (36 or 45 mg/m) and concurrent radiation therapy [66-76 Gray (Gy)]. All had stage III/IVA-B squamous cell @entity135 . @entity1 were evaluated twice weekly by physicians and daily by nursing for adverse events. RESULTS: Six of 9 @entity1 (67%) developed a grade 3 "burning" quality @entity809 . These @entity1 received at least 50 Gy (range 50-70 Gy) to the oral tongue. The @entity1 without grade 3 @entity809 received less than 50 Gy radiation to the oral tongue. The @entity809 was exacerbated by the ingestion of neutral pH liquids such as water. Of the 6 @entity1 , all eventually developed common @entity137 criteria grade 3/4 @entity33 ; however, symptoms continued after resolution of the @entity33 . @entity2682 (Neurontin) was administered to 2 @entity1 as a treatment for @entity21115 . Both @entity1 had near resolution of symptoms despite the evolution of @entity3136 . CONCLUSIONS: Development of "burning"-type @entity809 occurred in @entity1 treated with the combination of @entity4562 , @entity1311 , and external beam radiation of the oral tongue. This dysesthesia was improved by the use of @entity2682 .

title: High incidence of @entity809 on a trial of @entity4562 , @entity1311 , and concurrent external beam radiation for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'oral mucosal dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin', 'Gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['oral dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity21115 :: ('MESH:C564945', 'Disease') :: ['painful mucosal neuropathy']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancers']


abstract: CONTEXT: An association between an adjuvanted (AS03) A/H1N1 pandemic vaccine and @entity2724 has been reported in Europe. OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity2724 risk following administration of a similar vaccine in Quebec. DESIGN: Retrospective population-based study. SETTING: Neurologists and lung specialists in the province were invited to report @entity2724 cases to a single reference centre. POPULATION: @entity1 were interviewed by two sleep experts and standard diagnostic tests were performed. Immunization status was verified in the provincial pandemic influenza vaccination registry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Confirmed @entity2724 with or without @entity2725 with onset of excessive @entity25 between January 1st, 2009, and December 31st, 2010. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a Poisson model in a cohort analysis, by a self-controlled case series (SCCS) and a case-control method. RESULTS: A total of 24 cases were included and overall incidence rate was 1.5 per million @entity1 -years. A cluster of 7 cases was observed among vaccinated @entity1 in the winter 2009-2010. In the primary cohort analysis, 16-week post-vaccination RR was 4.32 (95% CI: 1.50-11.12). RR was 2.07 (0.70-6.17) in the SCCS, and 1.48 (0.37-7.03) using the case-control method. Estimates were lower when observation was restricted to the period of pandemic influenza circulation, and tended to be higher in @entity1 <20 years old and for @entity2725 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Results are compatible with an excess risk of approximately one case per million vaccine doses, mainly in @entity1 less than 20 years of age. However, a confounding effect of the @entity281 cannot be ruled out.

title: Risk of XXXX Associated with Inactivated Adjuvanted (AS03) A/H1N1 (2009) Pandemic Influenza Vaccine in Quebec.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['Narcolepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Refractory sprue is defined as primary or secondary failure to respond to a gluten free diet in @entity1 with @entity66 and may signify cryptic or overt enteropathy associated @entity784 . AIMS: To study in detail jejunal morphology and immunophenotypes in @entity1 with refractory sprue in the search for features that might be useful to predict prognosis. @entity1 : Seven @entity1 are described, representing all such cases identified in our hospital over a 13 year period. METHODS: Biopsy and/or surgical resection specimens were examined by morphology, immunohistochemistry, including enzymatic and immunofluorescent detection, and molecular biology. RESULTS: All @entity1 had phenotypically abnormal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) that lacked @entity405 , T cell receptor alpha beta (or gamma delta), and/or expressed @entity5823 in addition to variable expression of the natural killer cell receptor @entity9706 . A monoclonal T cell population was present in six cases, data from the seventh being inconclusive. Three @entity1 had @entity706 with @entity5823 + @entity5 tissue intervening between intact mucosa that contained neoplastic IELs. Intriguingly, @entity5823 + IELs were observed both a long way away from, and in direct continuity with, the @entity5 in these @entity1 . Such @entity5823 + cells were hardly detected in @entity1 without @entity5 , two of which are in good health several years after the initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that abnormal IELs in @entity1 with refractory sprue are phenotypically heterogeneous. @entity5823 expression by these cells may indicate a worse prognosis, including the occurrence of @entity706 .

title: Heterogeneity of intraepithelial lymphocytes in refractory sprue: potential implications of XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease-like enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['overt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity5823 :: (943,Gene) :: ['CD30']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity419 positron-emission tomography combined with integrated computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is commonly used for advanced @entity5 but its efficiency is discussed in early stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate false negative rate of FDG-PET/CT in @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 treated between 2005 and 2008 for stage @entity3846 cervical @entity5 and @entity5 who underwent a FDG-PET/CT followed by a pelvic lymphadenectomy were studied. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were included with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (16 cervical @entity5 , two @entity5 ). The median age of @entity1 was 41 years. Radical hysterectomy was performed for 16 @entity1 , by a laparoscopic approach in 15 cases and by a laparotomic approach in one case. One @entity1 had a simple hysterectomy and one had exclusive radiotherapy. No @entity1 had pelvic or para-aortic fixation on FDG-PET/CT. Three @entity1 have proven pelvic involvement and one had para-aortic @entity3 . The false-negative rate and negative predictive value of FDG-PET/CT were 17% and 83% respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The accuracy of FDG-PET/CT imaging in predicting the pelvic nodal status is very low in @entity1 with @entity5 and is not able to replace surgical exploration.

title: [The accuracy of FDG-PET/CT in early-stage cervical and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]fluoro-deoxy-glucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal cancer', 'stage I vaginal cancer', 'early-stage cervical and vaginal cancer', 'cancer', 'stage cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vaginal cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity303 and elder abuse prevention are political priorities, there are no evidence-based interventions to reduce abuse by family carers. We have limited understanding of why some family carers, but not others in similar circumstances, behave abusively. We aimed to test our hypothesis, that more @entity303 carers report more abusive behaviours, and dysfunctional coping strategies and carer burden mediate this relationship. METHOD: We interviewed 220 family/friend @entity303 carers from Essex and London Community Mental Health Teams. We used the revised Modified Conflict Tactics Scale to measure abuse. RESULTS: More anxious and @entity308 carers reported more abuse; this relationship was mediated by using dysfunctional coping strategies and higher burden. Abuse was predicted by: spending more hours caring, experiencing more abusive behaviour from care recipients and higher burden. LIMITATIONS: This was a cross-sectional study so we cannot confirm directions of causality. While many carers were willing to report abusive actions, some may not have been and our numbers may be an underestimate. CONCLUSION: Anxious and @entity308 carers are particularly likely to report abusive behaviour when asked. Testing interventions directed at reducing carer @entity148 , @entity308 or changing unhelpful coping strategies, and/or reducing care recipient aggression where possible, is a logical and urgent next step.

title: The determinants of family carers' abusive behaviour to people with XXXX : results of the CARD study.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['anxious dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressed']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of @entity1499 for @entity1 with non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease who fail to respond to systemic @entity288 and/or orbital irradiation. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 with non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease who were treated with @entity1499 at Oregon Health Sciences University between June 1993 and June 2000 were examined. @entity1499 was administered at a median maximum dose of 20 mg per week (range 15-25 mg per week) in conjunction with @entity1501 supplementation. @entity1 were followed with regular ophthalmic examinations, as well as serum liver enzyme levels and blood cell counts. Clinical signs of @entity32 , visual acuity, dosage and duration of @entity1499 therapy, requirement for concurrent @entity228 administration, and adverse drug reactions were recorded. RESULTS: The study cohort included 14 @entity1 (24 eyes) with diagnoses including non-specific @entity32 (n=7), @entity17245 (n=1), @entity1374 (n=3), @entity2883 (n=1), @entity370 (n=1), and @entity10630 (n=1). In all cases, @entity1499 was commenced as a corticosteroid sparing agent. 10 @entity1 (71%) completed a 4 month therapeutic trial of @entity1499 . Median duration of treatment for the nine (64%) @entity1 who experienced clinical benefit was 25 months (range 10-47 months). Six responders were ultimately able to cease @entity1499 , including the single @entity1 who required concurrent long term corticosteroid therapy. Complications included @entity1295 , @entity344 , hair thinning and mild, reversible serum liver enzyme elevation. Two @entity1 (14%) discontinued treatment because of adverse effects. CONCLUSION: @entity1499 is a well tolerated immunosuppressive medication which may benefit @entity1 with recalcitrant non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease.

title: A role for XXXX in the management of non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['regression of the orbital inflammation', 'orbital inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid orbitopathy']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity10630 :: ('MESH:D031249', 'Disease') :: ['Erdheim-Chester disease']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbance']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity17245 :: ('MESH:D020333', 'Disease') :: ['Tolosa-Hunt syndrome']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity31 is conventionally treated with parenteral corticosteroids followed by oral @entity288 . Regular use of corticosteroids is associated with side effects. @entity228 pulse therapy, i.e., use of supraphysiologic dose followed by complete withdrawal, which is likely to have fewer side effects, was tried in the current study. STUDY: @entity619 pulse therapy, i.e., 100-mg/d infusion in 5% dextrose, was used for 3 consecutive days in 14 @entity1 with severe @entity31 . @entity31 activity was assessed on days 7, 15, 30, and 60. The primary end point was defined as the number of @entity1 who achieved clinical remission and an activity index less than 150 at day 15. The second end point was the number of @entity1 who remained in remission and had an activity index less than 150 at 30 and 60 days. None of the @entity1 enrolled got subsequent oral corticosteroids after their 3 days of megadose @entity228 infusion. RESULTS: Clinical remission was achieved in 93% @entity1 (13 of 14 @entity1 ) by day 15. Two of these 13 @entity1 suffered relapse during follow-up, and hence, the clinical remission was sustained in 79% @entity1 at 30 and 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity619 pulse therapy is highly effective in inducing remission in @entity1 with @entity31 , but randomized controlled trials are needed to compare @entity619 pulse therapy with standard oral continuous corticosteroid regimens.

title: A prospective, open-label trial assessing XXXX pulse therapy in moderate to severe @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'Ulcerative colitis disease']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: We reported previously that anti- @entity1534 @entity1534 antibody seropositivity ( @entity4306 +) had an association with interleukin 1B (IL-1B) @entity61976 genotype, especially among smokers. This study examined the association for Japanese Brazilians. In this cross-sectional study, @entity2798 was announced through Japanese Brazilian communities in Sao Paulo, Curitiba, Mogi das Cruzes, and Mirandopolis; 963 Japanese Brazilians (399 males and 564 females) aged 33-69 years participated. Lifestyle data and peripheral blood were collected. An anti- @entity4306 IgG antibody test and genotyping for IL-1B @entity61976 and IL-1RN 86 bp VNTR were independently conducted. The genotype frequency of the IL-1B polymorphism among 947 individuals was 23.9% for C/C genotype, 45.6% for C/T genotype, and 30.5% for @entity1619 genotype. Sex-age-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of @entity4306 + was 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 0.94-1.81) for C/T genotype and 1.45 (1.02-2.07) for @entity1619 genotype relative to C/C genotype. The aOR for 127 current smokers was 2.45 (0.91-6.55) for C/T and 3.49 (1.17-10.46) for @entity1619 , while that for 667 never smokers was 1.21 (0.82-1.78) and 1.36 (0.90-2.05), respectively. The corresponding figures were 2.42 (1.16-5.02) and 3.00 (1.33-6.78) for 226 current drinkers, and 1.21 (0.82-1.78) and 1.36 (0.90-2.05) for 667 non-drinkers. The difference in the OR was observed for milk consumption, salty pickled vegetable eating, and physical exercise practice. 4/4 Genotype of IL-1RN 86 bp VNTR was 84.8%, and had no association with the @entity4306 seropositivity. The observed association between @entity4306 + and IL-1B -31TT indicated that the genetic trait also influences the susceptibility to @entity4306 for Japanese in Brazil.

title: @entity1534 seropositivity and IL-1B XXXX polymorphism among Japanese Brazilians.

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['pylori', 'Helicobacter']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary participation']

answer: @entity61976 :: (c|SUB|C|-31|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C-31T']


abstract: Seventy-eight @entity1 participated in this multicenter, third-party-blinded study comparing a single daily dose of @entity4580 for 5 days (500 mg on day 1 followed by 250 mg/day for days 2-5) with @entity115 (500 mg three times daily) for 10 days in the treatment of acute @entity1180 . A total of 38 evaluable @entity1 contributed to the efficacy analysis. The overall clinical response rate was 100% for both antibiotics. The clinical cure rate, as determined by the investigator, was 73.9% for @entity4580 and 73.3% for @entity115 ; improvement was seen in 26.1% and 26.7% of @entity1 , respectively. The bacteriologic cure rate in these 38 @entity1 was 100% in both groups. Both antibiotics were well tolerated; side effects were reported by 4.9% of @entity1 in the @entity4580 group compared with 8.1% in the @entity115 group. Most of these side effects were @entity344 that were reported by four of five (three @entity115 , one @entity4580 ) @entity1 experiencing side effects. All side effects were mild, and in both groups only minor abnormalities in laboratory data were detected. No @entity1 discontinued the study because of treatment-related side effects. In this study, a 5-day course (one dose per day) of @entity4580 proved to have efficacy, safety, and tolerability that was equal to a 10-day course (three doses per day) of @entity115 in the treatment of acute bacterial @entity1244 .

title: @entity4580 and @entity115 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disturbances']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial maxillary sinusitis']

answer: @entity1180 :: (MESH:D015523,Disease) :: ['acute maxillary sinusitis']


abstract: Background: Since the publication of the 2006 ACCP Cough Guidelines, a variety of tools has been developed or further refined for assessing cough. The purpose of the present Committee was to evaluate instruments used by investigators performing clinical research on chronic cough. The specific aims were to 1) assess the performance of tools designed to measure cough frequency, severity and/or impact in adults, adolescents, and @entity1 with chronic cough; and 2) make recommendations or suggestions related to these findings. Methodology: By following the @entity764 methodological guidelines, the Expert Cough Panel based its recommendations/suggestions on a recently published comparative effectiveness review (CER) commissioned by the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), a corresponding summary published in @entity764 , and an updated systematic review through November 2013. Recommendations or suggestions based on these data were discussed, graded, and voted upon during a meeting of the Expert Cough Panel. Results: We recommend or adults, adolescents (>=  14 years of age) and @entity1 complaining of chronic cough that validated and reliable health-related quality of life (QoL) questionnaires be used as the measurement of choice to assess the impact of cough on adult @entity1 , such as the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and Cough-specific QoL Questionnaire (CQLQ); and for @entity1 , the Parent Cough-specific QoL questionnaire (PC-QOL). We recommend acoustic cough counting to assess cough frequency but not cough severity. There are limited data regarding the performance of visual analogue scales (VAS), numeric rating scales or tussigenic challenges. Conclusions: Validated and reliable cough-specific health-related QoL questionnaires are recommended as the measurement of choice to assess the impact of cough on @entity1 . How they compare is yet to be determined. When used, the reporting of cough severity by VAS or numeric rating scales should be in a standardized fashion. Previously validated QoL questionnaires or other cough assessment tools should not be modified unless the new version has been shown to be reliable and valid. Finally, tussigenic challenges have a role in research settings to understand mechanisms of cough.

title: Tools for Assessing Outcomes in Studies of Chronic Cough: XXXX Guideline and Expert Panel Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['CHEST']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the changes in @entity16843 @entity19 conjunctival forniceal gene expression and their regulation by @entity2005 during the eye-opening stage when the goblet cells first appear. METHODS: Laser microdissection (LMD) was used to collect conjunctival forniceal cells from @entity16843 ( @entity16843 ) day 9, PN14 and PN20 @entity164 ( @entity164 ), and PN14 @entity2005 -conditional null (Klf4CN) @entity19 , in which goblet cells are absent, developing, present, and missing, respectively. Microarrays were used to compare gene expression among these groups. Expression of selected genes was validated by quantitative RT-PCR, and spatiotemporal expression was assessed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: This study identified 668, 251, 1160, and 139 transcripts that were increased and 492, 377, 1419, and 57 transcripts that were decreased between PN9 and PN14, PN14 and PN20, PN9 and PN20, and PN14 @entity164 and Klf4CN conjunctiva, respectively. Transcripts encoding transcription factors @entity60043 , @entity36944 , and @entity60044 that regulate goblet cell development in other @entity33 , and epithelium-specific Ets (ESE) transcription factor family members were increased during conjunctival development. Components of pathways related to the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, glycoprotein biosynthesis, mucosal immunity, signaling, and endocytic and neural regulation were increased during conjunctival development. Conjunctival @entity2005 target genes differed significantly from the previously identified corneal @entity2005 target genes, implying tissue-dependent regulatory targets for @entity2005 . CONCLUSIONS: The changes in gene expression accompanying @entity19 conjunctival development were identified, and the role of @entity2005 in this process was determined. This study provides new probes for examining conjunctival development and function and reveals that the gene regulatory network necessary for goblet cell development is conserved across different @entity33 .

title: XXXX conjunctival forniceal gene expression during @entity16843 development and its regulation by Kruppel-like factor 4.

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal epithelia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: @entity738 of unknown etiology has been considered an important disease of Texas shrimp mariculture since 1985. Samples of @entity11320 ( @entity11320 ) were collected during 1986, 1987, and 1990 from three farms and an experimental mariculture facility with histories of production loss and increased mortality rates. Histologic and ultrastructural examination of shrimp from the four sites demonstrated two morphologically distinct, Gram-negative, double-enveloped, intracytoplasmic bacteria in @entity39 hepatopancreatic epithelium. The more numerous small, pleomorphic rod as well as the helical organism are both taxonomically unclassifiable. The helical organism lacked ultrastructural characteristics of previously described helical or spiral bacteria. The relationship between the two organisms is unknown, but the pleomorphic rod is thought to play a major role in the disease. The role of a bacterial agent(s) in subsequent disease episodes is suggested by the observation that the use of @entity5385 -medicated feed resulted in increased production and survival. @entity4295 and shrimp mortality correlated directly with the extent of @entity281 by the small pleomorphic rod. Individual discrete bacteria were identified microscopically by Steiner and Steiner's method. Three major developmental stages of the disease were characterized based on the extent and number of hepatopancreatic tubular epithelial cells containing bacteria, the degree of tubular @entity32 , and the extent and chronicity of @entity4295 . Additional studies are needed to clarify the roles of the different bacteria identified and the potential role of environmental factors on the disease process.

title: Microscopic and ultrastructural studies of @entity39 hepatopancreatitis in @entity11320 ( XXXX ) cultured in Texas.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomatous hepatopancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatopancreatic tubular epithelial necrosis', 'tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11320 :: ('6689', 'Species') :: ['Pacific white shrimp', 'Penaeus vannamei']

answer: @entity11320 :: (6689,Species) :: ['Penaeus vannamei']


abstract: To study the prevalence of peptic @entity1066 , non- @entity1066 @entity2210 and @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) in the Dutch and Japanese working population, a structured history using a questionnaire on gastrointestinal symptoms during the preceding 3 months was obtained from @entity1 undergoing a periodic medical examination. Principal components factor analysis of questionnaire responses was conducted to examine interrelationships of symptoms. In Holland, 427 @entity1 and 73 @entity1 participated (mean age 48.0 years), while in Japan 196 @entity1 and 35 @entity1 took part (mean age 48.8 years). In both the Japanese and the Dutch population, factor analysis yielded clusters of symptoms consistent with previously defined clinical syndromes: @entity2210 , @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 and @entity1142 -predominant @entity1744 . The prevalences of verified peptic @entity1066 history were 19% and 17% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 14-26% and 7-34%) in Japanese @entity1 and @entity1 in contrast to 5% and 0% (95% CI: 3-8% and 0-5%) in Dutch @entity1 and @entity1 respectively. The ratio of duodenal to gastric @entity1066 was 4.5: 1 in Holland and 1.5:1 in Japan. The 3-month period prevalence of non- @entity1066 @entity2210 was 13% in both the Japanese and the Dutch population and was twice as high in @entity1 as in @entity1 (p < 0.01). There was considerable overlap between @entity2210 subgroups. @entity1744 was present in 25% of the Japanese and in 9% of the Dutch (p < 0.001) and occurred twice as often in @entity1 as in @entity1 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, factor analysis supported the existence of @entity2210 and @entity1744 as distinct syndromes in both countries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Peptic XXXX , non- @entity1066 @entity2210 and @entity1744 in The Netherlands and Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A standard procedure for the treatment of @entity1318 remains to be established. We assessed the usefulness of a laparoscopic Heller myotomy with a Toupet fundoplication (LHT). METHODS: LHT was performed in 30 @entity1 (12 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ; mean age, 41.8 y) who had @entity1318 with severe @entity1282 . Caution was exercised when the esophagus was pulled downward and straightened. Symptoms and esophageal function were evaluated before and after surgery. RESULTS: The esophagus was straightened surgically in 22 (88%) of 25 @entity1 with esophageal curvature on preoperative esophagography. The @entity1282 score decreased to 1.7 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SD) points from a preoperative value of 10. The lower esophageal sphincter pressure decreased significantly. Two @entity1 (7%) had esophageal diverticula as postoperative sequelae. Pathologic acid reflex was noted in 3 @entity1 (12%). CONCLUSIONS: LHT is a useful procedure for straightening the esophagus, reducing lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and relieving @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity1318 .

title: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Toupet fundoplication for XXXX straightens the esophagus and relieves @entity1282 .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'esophageal achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the feasibility of biomarker development in the context of multicenter clinical trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) tissue samples were collected from a prospective adjuvant @entity694 trial (PETACC3). DNA was isolated from @entity5 as well as normal tissue and used for analysis of microsatellite instability, @entity984 and @entity817 genotyping, @entity6912 genotyping, and loss of heterozygosity of 18 q loci. Immunohistochemistry was used to test expression of @entity2215 , @entity1594 , @entity876 , and @entity16981 . Messenger RNA was retrieved and tested for use in expression profiling experiments. RESULTS: Of the 3,278 @entity1 entered in the study, FFPE blocks were obtained from 1,564 @entity1 coming from 368 different centers in 31 countries. In over 95% of the samples, genomic DNA tests yielded a reliable result. Of the immmunohistochemical tests, @entity876 and @entity1594 staining did best with reliable results in over 85% of the cases. @entity2215 was the most problematic test with 46% of failures, mostly due to insufficient tissue processing quality. Good quality mRNA was obtained, usable in expression profiling experiments. CONCLUSIONS: Prospective clinical trials can be used as framework for biomarker development using routinely processed FFPE tissues. Our results support the notion that as a rule, translational studies based on FFPE should be included in prospective clinical trials.

title: Tissue biomarker development in a multicentre trial context: a feasibility study on the PETACC3 stage II and III XXXX adjuvant treatment trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Due to the increasing elderly population, the prevalence of @entity173 in Japanese @entity1 continues to rise. It is well established that @entity1 with either @entity173 or both symptomatic and asymptomatic morphometric @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ) have a poor health prognosis compared with the general population. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate vertebral @entity174 rates among @entity1 with @entity173 and their influence on mortality. We examined 182 cases of @entity173 in @entity1 admitted to our institution between January 2009 and May 2011. The average age at the time of @entity174 was 85  years. Radiographs of the lumbar spine were obtained from all of the @entity1 and the lateral spinal radiographs were examined for evidence of @entity3814 . The @entity1 were classified into two groups, those with @entity3814 and those without. A @entity3814 was identified in approximately 78  % of the @entity1 . The mortality rate 1  year after the @entity173 was approximately 22  % and it was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity3814 . Through multivariate statistics we found that @entity3814 , post-operative complication, @entity4764 after operation and medication for @entity170 were statistically significant. In other words, @entity3814 , post-operative complication and @entity4764 were considered to be poor prognostic factors and medication for @entity170 was likely to improve the prognosis. We concluded that the risk of mortality after @entity173 is significantly greater in @entity1 who also have @entity3814 compared to @entity1 without @entity3814 , and that medication for @entity170 is likely to improve prognosis.

title: Mortality after XXXX with @entity3814 is poor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['VCF', 'vertebral compression fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic hip fractures', 'hip fracture', 'osteoporotic hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['loss of ambulation']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: Contrary to the relatively common @entity5 and @entity5 -like lesions, @entity79 are rare @entity5 with an incidence of 0.8 new cases per 100   000 @entity1 per year. The most common primary malignant @entity5 is @entity421 , followed by @entity511 and @entity2828 . @entity421 and @entity2828 occur predominantly in @entity1 , adolescents and young adults, while @entity511 primarily affect older @entity1 . Most of the @entity5 are located in the extremities and the pelvis and in about 90% of the cases the surgical treatment can be performed by means of a limb-sparing wide resection. An endoprosthetic or biological reconstruction of the resulting defect, depending on several @entity1 - und @entity5 -related factors, is usually necessary. Apart from the surgical treatment, @entity1 with @entity421 and @entity2828 require a pre- and postoperative chemotherapy, while @entity2828 @entity1 often undergo radiation therapy as well. Regular follow-up examinations are required after the completion of treatment for the early detection and management of local and/or systemic recurrences as well as treatment-related complications. An extensive experience in the clinical and imaging features as well as the interdisciplinary treatment of these @entity5 is necessary for optimal @entity1 care. Without it mistakes are often made, which can have grave consequences on the @entity1 ' prognosis and functional outcome. The centralised treatment of these @entity1 in specialised @entity242 centres is therefore recommended.

title: [Interdisciplinary diagnostic and treatment of XXXX of the extremities and trunk].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcomas', 'Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign bone tumours', 'bone tumour', 'tumours', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone sarcomas']


abstract: After demonstrating the failure of a one dimensional approach to treating @entity146 coupled with severe @entity1314 , the authors suggest an organization of services based on the systemic approach. They recommend a personalized program with both external and internal services. With this in mind, the authors present a program developed by professionals involved in the fields of mental health and @entity146 . Co-ordinated by a multidisciplinary team, it requires a specific contribution from all members of the team who are involved in different aspects of the @entity1 's life. To locate potential users of the program, brochures are sent to CLSCs (community health centres), hospitals, public and private resources, @entity791 programs, social workers, and community health workers. Once in treatment, the @entity1 goes through various treatment zones. The first, labelled the reception zone is designated with the initial contact between client and the program. In many instances, a significant other who is close to the client is contacted to take part in the program and help. In the zone of clarification, the client must come to terms with the program and indicate a serious determination to see the program through. The development zone centers on an active reflection of self and the development of new abilities for interpersonal relations, assisting the individual to function autonomously. The goal is for clients to attain a level of self-criticism of their own addiction. The zone of consolidation is optimally reached after about one year in the program. Clients are able to integrate everything learned in the development zone and apply it to their daily life. Community organizations are involved at this stage. The authors conclude that a multidimensional approach, a concerted commitment and a recognition of the contribution of all team members involved in the treatment, are essential elements for tangible results.

title: [Severe XXXX associated with @entity146 ].

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['addictive behavior']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality disorders']


abstract: The complete @entity377 sequence of the genome of a symbiotic bacterium @entity22290 was determined. The genome of @entity19063 was a single circular chromosome 9,105,828 bp in length with an average GC content of 64.1%. No plasmid was detected. The chromosome comprises 8317 potential protein-coding genes, one set of rRNA genes and 50 tRNA genes. Fifty-two percent of the potential protein genes showed sequence similarity to genes of known function and 30% to hypothetical genes. The remaining 18% had no apparent similarity to reported genes. Thirty-four percent of the @entity19063 genes showed significant sequence similarity to those of both @entity49694 and @entity16258 , while 23% were unique to this species. A presumptive symbiosis island 681 kb in length, which includes a 410-kb symbiotic region previously reported by G  ttfert et al., was identified. Six hundred fifty-five putative protein-coding genes were assigned in this region, and the functions of 301 genes, including those related to symbiotic @entity1568 fixation and DNA transmission, were deduced. A total of 167 genes for transposases/104 copies of insertion sequences were identified in the genome. It was remarkable that 100 out of 167 transposase genes are located in the presumptive symbiotic island. DNA segments of 4 to 97 kb inserted into tRNA genes were found at 14 locations in the genome, which generates partial duplication of the target tRNA genes. These observations suggest plasticity of the @entity19063 genome, which is probably due to complex genome rearrangements such as horizontal transfer and insertion of various DNA elements, and to homologous recombination.

title: Complete genomic sequence of @entity1568 -fixing symbiotic bacterium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity49694 :: ('381', 'Species') :: ['Mesorhizobium loti']

entities_list: @entity22290 :: ('224911', 'Species') :: ['Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110']

entities_list: @entity16258 :: ('382', 'Species') :: ['Sinorhizobium meliloti']

answer: @entity22290 :: (224911,Species) :: ['Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110']


abstract: An investigator blind trial was performed comparing @entity60724 , @entity20804 , and placebo in the treatment of @entity1534 associated @entity3621 in @entity1 without peptic ulceration. Fifty @entity1 fulfilled the study criteria. There was a strong correlation between the presence of @entity1534 and histologically confirmed @entity3621 . Clearance of organisms led to improvement of the @entity3621 . @entity1534 was cleared from 15 @entity1 ; of these, 13 had @entity3621 initially, which resolved in 12. Conversely, @entity3621 resolved in only four of 32 @entity1 not cleared of organisms (p less than 0.0001). There was significantly greater improvement in endoscopic appearances in the @entity1 cleared of @entity1534 compared with those whose @entity281 persisted (p less than 0.001). In the three treatment groups organisms were cleared from 14 of 18 @entity1 receiving the locally active @entity60724 , only one of 15 @entity1 receiving @entity20804 , and none of 17 @entity1 taking placebo. These findings suggest that the ideal antimicrobial for the successful eradication of @entity1534 associated @entity3621 should be locally active, stable at low pH, and should penetrate gastric mucus. The resolution of @entity3621 and improvement in endoscopic appearances associated with clearance of @entity1534 support the view that these organisms may play a part in this condition.

title: XXXX and associated @entity3621 : investigator blind, placebo controlled trial of @entity60724 and @entity20804 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity60724 :: ('MESH:C496893', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth salicylate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['C pyloridis', 'Campylobacter pyloridis']

entities_list: @entity20804 :: ('MESH:D015643', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin ethylsuccinate']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Campylobacter pyloridis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some honey types in certain geographical regions may cause toxic effects on @entity1 . This type of honey is known as "mad honey" in @entity233 . The toxic ingredient of this honey is called Grayanotoxin I. The consumption of mad honey can cause severe @entity1168 , @entity551 , @entity1296 , @entity390 and @entity391 . AIMS: Our study is aimed at analysing @entity1 diagnosed with mad honey @entity4968 and their behaviour towards the consumption of this honey after diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional study. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on complaints and findings of mad honey @entity4968 . @entity1 information and findings at the time of admission were compared with those at one month after discharge through telephone interviews. They were asked if either they or their relatives had continued consuming the same honey. Frequency data such as gender, purpose of honey consumption, first complaints and continuance of honey consumption are shown as number (n) and percentage (%). A Chi Square test was conducted to determine the difference between groups. RESULTS: 38 @entity1 were participated in this study; 18 of the @entity1 had to be followed up in a coronary intensive care unit. We were able to reach 34 @entity1 by phone after discharge. It was found that 12 of 16 @entity1 discharged after emergency unit observation or their close relatives were continuing to consume mad honey, whereas 16 (88.9%) of the 18 @entity1 under coronary intensive care had discontinued consuming mad honey. The difference in the continuation of mad honey consumption between @entity1 groups followed-up in the intensive care unit and those discharged after emergency observation was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Hazards associated with and serious consequences following the consumption of mad honey must be clearly explained to @entity1 who are found to be consuming mad honey.

title: Grayanotoxin (mad honey) - ongoing consumption after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been no systemic investigation of the effects of training on endurance at different high-intensity work rates in @entity1 with @entity1030 to date. OBJECTIVES: We wanted to determine the effects of intense endurance training on tolerance to several high-intensity work rates and to establish the relationship between power (WR) and its tolerable duration (t) (t = W'/(WR - @entity2723 ), being W', the curvature constant, thought to be reflective of anaerobic energy availability and/or tolerance to the uncomfortable sensations associated with the high-intensity exercise, and @entity2723 the critical power. METHODS: We studied 27 @entity1 : age 62 +/- 5 years; FEV(1) 1.2 +/- 0.2 liters. Before and after the intervention, the subjects randomly underwent 4 high-intensity constant WR exercise tests. The endurance times of the highest 3 tests were used. RESULTS: Ventilation reached approximately the same level in each of the tests. In response to the training, the average peak increased by 9 +/- 5% (p < 0.0001), @entity2723 by 14 +/- 12% (p < 0.0001) and W' 18 +/- 22% (p = 0.002). In 67% of the @entity1 , @entity2723 increased, accompanied by changes in other related physiological variables of aerobic capacity. In the remaining 33%, W' increased but not @entity2723 . Smaller or no changes in the other variables of aerobic capacity were found in those subjects. This latter group was significantly older and had more hyperinflation (i.e. higher RV/TLC%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that neither an incremental nor a single endurance test at constant WR provides an adequate characterisation of exercise tolerance at other WRs. @entity2723 and W' appear to be important parameters characterizing exercise tolerance over a range high-intensity work rates and identifying two distinct types of response to training.

title: Effects of training on the tolerance to high-intensity exercise in @entity1 with severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: The cyclical changes in heart rate and systemic blood pressure that accompany apneic events are predominantly mediated by fluctuations in the activity of the autonomic nervous system. Increased vagal efferent parasympathetic activity is responsible for the cyclical reductions in heart rate during @entity386 . In contrast, the cyclical elevations in systemic blood pressure are believed to result from recurrent peripheral vasoconstriction mediated by repetitive activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Maximal activation and pressures coincide with @entity386 termination and brief arousal from sleep. These cyclical elevations in systemic pressure during sleep increase ventricular workload and, thereby, may contribute to the development of @entity123 . @entity101 is present during wakefulness in approximately 50% of @entity1 with OSA. Although age and @entity28 are the predominant risk factors for diurnal @entity101 , OSA probably makes an independent contribution in younger obese @entity1 . Sinus @entity1168 , Mobitz type 1 second-degree @entity616 , and prolonged @entity16507 have all been documented in association with the apneic events. Increased @entity1540 has been observed with oxyhemoglobin desaturations below 60%. @entity741 , @entity1188 , @entity944 , and @entity64 all demonstrate similar circadian variations in time of onset. Peak frequencies occur between 6 AM and noon, generally within several hours of awakening. Although sleep is associated with decreased frequencies of these adverse cardiovascular events in the general population, evidence exists linking REM sleep to an increased risk of @entity741 . In @entity1 who habitually snore, epidemiologic data have detected an increased risk for @entity741 and @entity64 . Habitual snoring has also been associated with an increased risk of @entity944 . In @entity1 with clinically significant OSA, there is reasonable information indicating excessive mortality in the absence of treatment. This mortality is predominantly cardiovascular and tends to occur during sleep.

title: @entity101 , cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and XXXX in relation to obstructive sleep apnea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death during sleep', 'sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity16507 :: ('MESH:D054138', 'Disease') :: ['sinus arrest']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish the safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy for @entity726 . METHODS: We studied 109 consecutive @entity1 who underwent planned simultaneous bilateral primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy for @entity726 by a single surgeon from January 1990 through December 1999. The main outcome measures were @entity2790 (IOP), corneal clarity and diameter, visual acuity, bleb characteristics, time of surgical failure and complications. @entity260 including @entity3225 and anaesthetic morbidity and mortality were also analysed. RESULTS: The series consisted of 218 primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy surgeries during 109 anaesthesias. The mean follow-up period was 16.33 +/- 16.22 months. The IOP reduced from 26.4 +/- 5.9 mmHg to 13.5 +/- 4.5 mmHg, with a mean percentage reduction of 46.2 +/- 23.7 (P < 0.0001). The success (IOP < 16 mmHg) probabilities were 90.9%, 88.0% and 69.3% at first, second and third year respectively (Kaplan-Meier analysis). The success probability of 69.3% obtained at third year was maintained till 6 years of follow-up. One hundred and sixty six (76.1%) eyes had significant @entity4 . Postoperatively, the @entity267 cleared in 93 (57.8%) eyes. Clinically, well functioning blebs were present in 114 of 171 eyes (66.6%). Postoperatively, 18 (8.3%) eyes developed @entity8707 and 6 (33.3%) of them required surgical reformation. There was no incidence of @entity3225 or any other sight-threatening complication. Of the anesthetic complications, @entity386 occurred in 17 (15.6%) @entity1 and all were successfully resuscitated. The most serious post-anaesthetic complication was @entity1167 that occurred 5 hours postoperatively following aspiration during feeding in one @entity1 ; this @entity1 could not be resuscitated. Two @entity1 had delayed recovery (2 and 4 hours respectively). The @entity1 who had delayed recovery by 2 hours survived and has completed 3 years of follow-up while the other @entity1 expired 48 hours later. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous bilateral primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy is safe and effective for @entity726 . It obviates the need for long second anaesthesia with its attendant risks. It offers several other benefits to the @entity1 and families.

title: Safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['corneal oedema']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['shallow anterior chamber']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['developmental glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-pulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['developmental glaucoma']


abstract: Although separating @entity674 ( @entity674 ) from @entity81 and @entity3314 is clinically important, this distinction sometimes poses problems for practicing pathologists. In the @entity2213 (Gleevec, @entity2213 ) era, the problem may be further compounded when protocol-driven staining for @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ) is performed on spindle cell proliferations presenting in the bowel wall and mesentery using an antibody known to react with the majority of mesenteric @entity81 when other antibodies are more specific. Because most mesenteric @entity81 have mutations in the pathway and hence have abnormal nuclear accumulation of @entity3546 protein, we studied @entity3546 expression among a panel of other immunohistochemical stains to distinguish @entity81 , @entity674 , and @entity3314 . Examples of @entity674 ( @entity674 , 11), @entity3314 (5), and @entity81 (10) were retrieved from the archives of our institutions. Cases were studied with an immunohistochemical panel consisting of @entity2467 , @entity3546 , @entity2280 , smooth muscle actin, @entity2283 , keratin, and @entity4483 protein. Cases were scored as "negative," "focally positive," or "diffusely positive." In evaluating @entity3546 , nuclear accumulation was required. @entity674 all had @entity2467 (11 of 11, diffuse) and @entity2280 (11 of 11, diffuse) with variable actin (5 of 11, focal) and negative @entity2283 , keratin, @entity4483 protein. All @entity674 lacked @entity3546 (0 of 11). @entity81 had @entity2467 (6 of 10, 3 focal, 3 diffuse), typically expressed more weakly than in @entity674 , actin (5 of 9, focal), and @entity2283 (3 of 8, focal) in keeping with myofibroblastic differentiation but lacked @entity2280 , @entity4483 , and keratin. @entity2467 staining was not eliminated by use of a non-avidin- @entity1885 technique. Nuclear @entity3546 was detected in 9 of 10 @entity81 , including one case associated with @entity1412 . Two of five @entity3314 cases focally expressed @entity2467 . None of the @entity3314 cases had nuclear @entity3546 . @entity3314 cases were otherwise fibroblastic and myofibroblastic with focal actin in 5 of 5 and negative @entity2283 , keratin, and @entity4483 protein but one had @entity2280 (1 of 5, focal). With increasing protocol-driven interest in evaluating bowel wall and mesenteric spindle cell lesions using @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ) antibodies, it is important for practicing pathologists to be aware that lesions other than GISTs are likely to express this antigen using certain antibodies. @entity3546 staining identifies lesions that are, instead, mesenteric @entity81 .

title: @entity3546 immunohistochemistry separates @entity81 from @entity674 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3546 :: ('1499', 'Gene') :: ['beta-Catenin', 'beta-catenin']

entities_list: @entity3314 :: ('MESH:D015436', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosing mesenteritis', 'sclerosing mesenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['Mesenteric fibromatosis', 'mesenteric fibromatosis', 'fibromatoses']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity3314 :: (MESH:D015436,Disease) :: ['sclerosing mesenteritis']


abstract: Limb morphogenesis is an excellent model system to study pattern formation during vertebrate development. The @entity58981 (lgl) insertional mutation can serve as a tool to analyze specific events in limb development at the embryologic, genetic, and molecular levels. Hemizygous @entity19 of this transgenic line are phenotypically normal, but homozygous mutants are inviable and exhibit limb, brain, and craniofacial @entity600 , as well as situs inversus. By morphological analysis of mutant hindlimb buds we show absence of a normal apical ectodermal ridge, a structure required for limb bud outgrowth, and an unusually high degree of mesenchymal and ectodermal cell death. Mutant embryos are extremely sensitive to @entity1968 , a known teratogen with a proposed role in limb development. The hindlimb @entity600 in @entity58981 mutants are less severe when bred into the BALB/c background, suggesting the involvement of other strain-specific genes. Molecular analysis of the disrupted region indicates two tightly linked insertion sites. Sequences flanking the transgene insertions have been cloned and mapped to chromosome 12, near the iv (situs inversus viscerum) locus. Consistent with this, complementation tests confirm allelism of lgl and iv and suggest that the transgene insertion may have disrupted more than one gene. Phylogenetically conserved sequences flanking the transgene insertions were identified and used to isolate candidate lgl and iv cDNAs.

title: XXXX insertional mutation: morphological, molecular, and genetic characterization.

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity58981 :: (16862(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['legless']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allergen exposure and air pollution are two risk factors for @entity565 development and airway @entity32 that have been examined extensively in isolation. The impact of combined allergen and diesel exhaust exposure has received considerably less attention. Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major contributor to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution, which can act as an adjuvant to immune responses and @entity32 . We aimed to clarify whether DE increases allergen-induced @entity32 and cellular immune response in the airways of atopic @entity1 subjects. METHODS: Twelve atopic subjects were exposed to DE 300   g.m(-3) or filtered air for 2  h in a blinded crossover study design with a four-week washout period between arms. One hour following either filtered air or DE exposure, subjects were exposed to allergen or saline (vehicle control) via segmental challenge. Forty-eight hours post-allergen or control exposure, bronchial biopsies were collected. The study design generated 4 different conditions: filtered air   +   saline ( @entity11535 ), DE   +   saline (DES), filtered air   +   allergen (FAA) and DE   +   @entity26183 (DEA). Biopsies sections were immunostained for tryptase, @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ), neutrophil elastase (NE), @entity13221 , @entity404 and interleukin (IL)-4. The percent positivity of positive cells were quantified in the bronchial submucosa. RESULTS: The percent positivity for tryptase expression and @entity11153 expression remained unchanged in the bronchial submucosa in all conditions. @entity404 % positive staining in DEA (0.311        0.060) was elevated relative to @entity11535 (0.087        0.018; p   =   0.035). @entity3646  % positive staining in DEA (0.548        0.143) was elevated relative to @entity11535 (0.127        0.062; p   =   0.034). @entity13221 % positive staining in DEA (0.120        0.031) was elevated relative to @entity11535 (0.017        0.006; p   =   0.015), DES (0.044        0.024; p   =   0.040), and FAA (0.044        0.008; p   =   0.037). @entity13221 % positive staining in FAA (0.044        0.008) was elevated relative to @entity11535 (0.017        0.006; p   =   0.049). NE percent positive staining in DEA (0.224        0.047) was elevated relative to @entity11535 (0.045        0.014; p   =   0.031). CONCLUSIONS: In vivo allergen and DE co-exposure results in elevated @entity404 , @entity3646 , @entity13221 and NE in the respiratory submucosa of atopic subjects, while eosinophils and mast cells are not changed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01792232 .

title: Morphometric analysis of XXXX in bronchial biopsies following exposure to inhaled diesel exhaust and allergen challenge in atopic subjects.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'augment allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity26183 :: ('CHEBI:50904', 'Chemical') :: ['allergen']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2438 is a severe @entity245 with a population prevalence of 1 in 68, and dramatically increasing. While no single pharmacologic intervention has successfully targeted the core symptoms of @entity2438 , emerging evidence suggests that postnatal environmental manipulations may offer greater therapeutic efficacy. Massage therapy, or @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), early in life has repeatedly been shown to be an effective, low-cost, therapeutic approach in ameliorating the cognitive, social, and emotional symptoms of @entity2438 . While early @entity1054 treatment attenuates many of the behavioral aberrations among @entity1 with @entity2438 , the neuroanatomical correlates driving such changes are unknown. The present study assessed the therapeutic effects of early @entity1054 treatment on behavior and neuroanatomy using the valproic acid (VPA) rodent model of @entity2438 . @entity35 were prenatally exposed to VPA on gestational day 12.5 and received @entity1054 shortly following birth. Whereas @entity1054 reversed almost all the VPA-induced alterations in neuroanatomy, it failed to do so behaviorally. The @entity1054 VPA animals, when compared to VPA animals, did not exhibit altered or improved behavior in the delayed non-match-to-sample T-maze, Whishaw tray reaching, activity box, or elevated plus maze tasks. Anatomically, however, there were significant increases in dendritic branching and spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex, orbital frontal cortex, and amygdala in VPA animals following early @entity1054 treatment, suggesting a complete reversal or remediation of the VPA-induced effects in these regions. The results suggest that postnatal @entity1054 , during a critical period in development, acts as a powerful reorganization tool that can ameliorate the neuroanatomical consequences of prenatal VPA exposure.

title: Tactile stimulation improves neuroanatomical pathology but not behavior in XXXX prenatally exposed to valproic acid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['tactile stimulation', 'TS']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Four cigarettes of marijuana or @entity286 in the form of smoke inhaled into the @entity825 were administered to @entity235 daily over a period of nine months. Marijuana caused a slowing of body @entity1017 . Food consumption increased at first and was accompanied by @entity294 ; then it decreased. This suggests a malabsorption of food or a more fundamental metabolic disturbance. The @entity286 smoking group consumed much less food without showing any significant change in body @entity1017 in 3 and 6 months, but it did in 9 months only. In marijuana smoking @entity235 , blood pressure remained unchanged. The resting heart rate was increased (by 32% at 3, 30% at 6, and 15% at 9 months). Alpha1-globulin, eosinophils and lymphocyte count were significantly decreased. A decrease in serum @entity1674 was noted. In addition, a behavioral study permitted us to note a general perturbation in the behaviour of the marijuana smoking @entity235 . The @entity235 showed @entity4207 , probably due to these behavioral perturbations.

title: Toxicity of marijuana and XXXX smoking in the beagle.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of learning']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this observational national multi-centre study was to describe medical care of @entity281 resisting a primary probabilistic treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred and seventy female @entity1 were included during a 9-month period (from 2013, March 20th to 2013, December 7th) by 155  gynaecologists located throughout France. RESULTS: All @entity1 were presenting a @entity365 episode which started about three weeks ago and which was characterized by leucorrhea (93  % cases), itching (88  % cases) and/or vulvar and/or vaginal irritation (88  % cases). In most cases, this episode was previously treated by a short course of an azole antifungal medication. This treatment was initiated by the @entity1 herself without any doctor's prescription in six out of 10  cases and had no influence on the evolution of the original clinical symptoms. Second line treatments included azole antifungal medications (56  % cases), local fixed combinations (antifungal agent and bactericidal antibiotic) (29  %), metronidazole (9  %), oral antibiotics (7.4  %). At the end of the treatment, 85  % @entity1 recovered from vaginitis symptoms. The recovery rate was 82.6  % for @entity1 who got a bacteriological examination and 87.6  % for @entity1 who were treated without any bacteriological examination. The difference is not statistically significant. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results seem to show that a probabilistic medical care is as effective as (but probably more economical than) a therapeutic strategy guided by the results of further examinations in case of failure of a primary treatment. This conclusion should be confirmed by a medico-economic comparison after randomization.

title: [Management of XXXX following failure of a probabilistic treatment: Is the vaginal swab really useful?]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal infections']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vulvo-vaginitis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['vaginal infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3409 ( @entity3280 ) is a common toxic heavy metal ion. We investigated the roles of @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) and @entity462 ( @entity2569 ) in plant responses to @entity3280 stress. The expression of @entity3958 synthetic genes LCD and @entity60050 were induced by @entity3280 within 3   h, and endogenous @entity3958 was then rapidly released. @entity3958 promoted the expression of @entity2569 synthesis-related genes @entity60051 and @entity60052 , which led to endogenous @entity2569 accumulation. The @entity3958 and @entity2569 cycle system was stimulated by @entity3280 stress, and it maintained high levels in plant cells. @entity3958 inhibited the ROS burst by inducing alternative respiration capacity (AP) and antioxidase activity. @entity3958 weakened @entity3280 @entity137 by inducing the metallothionein (MTs) genes expression. @entity2569 promoted @entity6172 accumulation and inhibited the ROS burst, and @entity6172 induced the expression of @entity15355 (PCs) genes, counteracting @entity3280 @entity137 . In summary, the @entity3958 and @entity2569 cycle system played a key role in plant responses to @entity3280 stress. The @entity3280 tolerance was weakened when the cycle system was blocked in lcddes1-1 and @entity60052 mutants. This paper is the first to describe the role of the @entity3958 and @entity2569 cycle system in @entity3280 stress and to explore the relevant and specificity mechanisms of @entity3958 and @entity2569 in mediating @entity3280 stress.

title: @entity3957 - @entity462 cycle system enhances @entity3409 tolerance through alleviating XXXX -induced oxidative stress and ion @entity137 in Arabidopsis roots.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity15355 :: ('MESH:D054811', 'Chemical') :: ['phytochelatin']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: The majority of low-grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) undergo clinical progression toward intermediate- and high-grade @entity706 . This progression is often associated with histologic transformation from follicular to @entity1893 . The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this evolution are presently unknown. In this study, we have analyzed the role in @entity1893 progression of relevant @entity74 affecting proto-oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes. Sequential biopsies from 21 @entity1 with clinical progression with (5 cases) or without (16 cases) evidence of histologic transformation were analyzed for karyotypic changes, @entity517 rearrangements and deletions affecting 6q27 by Southern blot analysis, and @entity876 mutations by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis coupled with direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified products. No novel cytogenetic aberration was detected in association with progression, and all samples analyzed displayed a normal @entity517 gene. Mutations of the @entity876 gene were detected in 4 of 5 cases displaying histologic transformation from follicular to @entity1893 and in none of the 16 cases displaying clinical progression in the absence of histologic transformation. In 1 of these positive cases, the same mutation was also present in the pretransformation biopsy, correlating with the presence of diffuse-type areas within a predominant follicular pattern. In 1 of these cases, a deletion of 6q27 was also detected in the posttransformation biopsy along with a @entity876 mutation. These findings indicate that @entity876 mutations are associated with and may be responsible for histologic transformation of @entity706 .

title: XXXX mutations are associated with histologic transformation of @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", 'diffuse-type NHL']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few data are available regarding pacemaker implantation after pediatric orthotopic heart transplantation. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, indications and associations with regard to pacemaker placement in @entity1 who have undergone orthotopic heart transplantation. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of all @entity1 undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation at our institution from October 1984 to March 2001. Data obtained included demographics, indications for pacemaker, presence of transplant @entity453 and long-term follow-up. @entity1 were divided into: Group 1, @entity1 requiring a pacemaker within 3 months of transplantation; and Group 2, @entity1 requiring a pacemaker beyond 3 months. RESULTS: Pacemakers were required in 7 of 106 (6.6%) transplant recipients. Pacing indications for @entity1 in Group 1 (n = 2) were persistent @entity1168 with pause-related @entity943 and @entity956 with resultant sinus pauses of up to 4 seconds. In Group 2 @entity1 (n = 5), indications for pacing were high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block in 1 @entity1 and episodic sinus pauses up to 3.3 seconds associated with @entity1163 / @entity1296 in the remaining 4 @entity1 . All @entity1 in Group 2 had transplant coronary disease diagnosed within 1 year of pacemaker implantation. All had resolution of symptoms and no complications after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Pacemakers are infrequently required after cardiac transplantation in @entity1 . Despite not meeting classic symptomatic sinus @entity1168 criteria, pacemaker placement should be considered post-transplantation in @entity1 with episodic sinus pauses and @entity1296 or @entity1163 . @entity1 who present with the aforementioned symptoms or high-grade @entity713 should be evaluated closely for the presence or development of transplant @entity453 , as it may be their first symptom.

title: Late pacemaker requirement after pediatric orthotopic heart transplantation may predict the presence of transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection has emerged as a major threat to @entity1 ; however, no effective antiviral treatment or vaccine is currently available. Antibody-based treatment shows promises to control this growing public health problem of EV71 infection, and a few potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting viral capsid protein have been well described. Here, we generated an EV71-specific @entity19 mAb 2G8 that conferred full protection against lethal EV71 challenge in a suckling @entity19 model. 2G8 belonged to IgM isotype and neutralized EV71 at the attachment stage. Biochemical assays mapped the binding epitope of 2G8 to the SP70 peptide, which spanning @entity3689 residues 208-222 on the VP1 protein. Alanine scanning mutagenesis defined the essential roles of multiple residues, including Y208, T210, G212, K215, K218, L220, E221, and Y222, for 2G8 binding. Then, a panel of single mutation was individually introduced into the EV71 infectious clone by reverse genetics, and three mutant viruses, @entity58870 , @entity47006 , and @entity58871 , were successfully recovered and characterized. Biochemical and neutralization assays revealed that @entity47006 mutant partially escaped 2G8 neutralization, while @entity58871 completely abolished 2G8 binding and neutralization. In particular, neutralization assays with @entity1 sera demonstrated that @entity47006 and @entity58871 substitutions are also critical for antibody neutralization in natural infection population. These findings not only generate a protective mAb candidate with therapeutic potential but also provide insights into antibody-mediated EV71 neutralization mechanism.

title: Generation and characterization of a protective mouse monoclonal antibody against XXXX enterovirus 71.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'Human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECT: This study aimed to determine the age- and sex-specific incidence of @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) and its associated risk of causing subsequent @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). METHODS: Using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), a 12-year nationwide database in Taiwan, this retrospective cohort study analyzed the incidence of hospitalization caused by @entity3799 . All @entity1 diagnosed with and admitted for @entity3799 were identified during the study period. The @entity3799 @entity1 were divided into 2 groups, a control group and an operated group. An incidence density method was used to estimate age- and sex-specific incidence rates of @entity3799 . The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses were performed to compare the risk of @entity1566 between the 2 groups. RESULTS: From 1998 to 2009, covering 349.5 million @entity1 -years, 14,140 @entity1 were hospitalized for @entity3799 . The overall incidence of @entity3799 -related hospitalization was 4.04 per 100,000 @entity1 -years. Specifically, males and older @entity1 had a higher incidence rate of @entity3799 . During the follow-up of these @entity1 for 13,461 @entity1 -years, a total of 166 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1566 . The incidence of @entity1566 was higher in the control group than the operated group (13.9 vs 9.4 per 1000 @entity1 -years, respectively). During the follow-up, @entity1566 was more likely to occur in @entity3799 @entity1 who were treated conservatively (crude HR 1.48, p = 0.023; adjusted HR 1.57, p = 0.011) than in those who underwent surgery for @entity3799 . CONCLUSIONS: In a national cohort of eastern Asia, the incidence of @entity3799 -caused hospitalization was 4.04 per 100,000 @entity1 -years, with higher incidences observed in older and male @entity1 . Subsequent @entity1566 was more likely to develop in @entity1 who received nonoperative management than in those who underwent surgery. Therefore, @entity1 with @entity3799 managed without surgery should be cautioned about @entity1566 . However, further investigations are still required to clarify the risks and complications associated with surgery for @entity3799 .

title: Epidemiology of XXXX and its risk of causing @entity1566 : a national cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['CSM', 'cervical spondylotic myelopathy']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylotic myelopathy']


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity7216 ) tube placement is safe in @entity1 with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of all @entity1 undergoing @entity7216 insertion at our institution between June 1999 and June 2006. Post- @entity7216 complications were compared between two groups according to the presence or absence of VP shunts. @entity281 rates, the interval between @entity7216 placement and VP shunt catheter insertion, and long-term follow-up were also investigated. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 qualified for the study. Seven @entity1 (12.7%) had pre-existing VP shunts. All @entity1 received prophylactic antibiotics. The complication rate did not differ between VP shunt @entity1 undergoing @entity7216 ( @entity7216 ) and non-VP shunt @entity1 undergoing @entity7216 (control group) [1 (14.3%) vs 6 (12.5%), P = 1.000]. All @entity1 in the @entity7216 had undergone VP shunt insertion prior to @entity7216 placement. The mean interval between VP shunt insertion and @entity7216 placement was 308.7 d (range, 65-831 d). The mean follow-up duration in the @entity7216 was 6.4 mo (range, 1-15 mo). There were no VP shunt infections, although one @entity1 in the @entity7216 developed a minor peristomal infection during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Complications following @entity7216 placement in @entity1 with VP shunts were infrequent in this study.

title: Is percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement safe in XXXX with ventriculoperitoneal shunts?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['VP shunt infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2227 is the primary excitatory transmitter in adult brain, acting through synapses on dendritic spines and shafts. Early in development, however, when glutamatergic synapses are only beginning to form, nicotinic cholinergic excitation is already widespread; it is mediated by @entity934 activating nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) that generate waves of activity across brain regions. A major class of nAChRs contributing at this time is a species containing a7 subunits (a7-nAChRs). These receptors are highly permeable to @entity460 , influence a variety of @entity460 -dependent events, and are diversely distributed throughout the developing CNS. Here we show that a7-nAChRs unexpectedly promote formation of glutamatergic synapses during development. The dependence on a7-nAChRs becomes clear when comparing @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 with @entity19 constitutively lacking the a7- @entity15683 gene. Ultrastructural analysis, immunostaining, and patch-clamp recording all reveal synaptic deficits when a7- @entity15683 input is absent. Similarly, nicotinic activation of a7-nAChRs in @entity164 organotypic culture, as well as cell culture, increases the number of glutamatergic synapses. RNA interference demonstrates that the a7-nAChRs must be expressed in the neuron being innervated for normal innervation to occur. Moreover, the deficits persist throughout the developmental period of major de novo synapse formation and are still fully apparent in the adult. GABAergic synapses, in contrast, are undiminished in number under such conditions. As a result, @entity19 lacking a7-nAChRs have an altered balance in the excitatory/inhibitory input they receive. This ratio represents a fundamental feature of @entity1274 and shows for the first time that endogenous nicotinic cholinergic signaling plays a key role in network construction.

title: Glutamatergic synapse formation is promoted by a7-containing nicotinic XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the most common @entity5 in the world accounting for 17.6% @entity5 worldwide. The AAR i n I ndian population varies f r om 0.98-15.55. The aim of t he present study was to analyze areduction in neoadjuvant chemotherapy related acute @entity137 in locally advanced @entity2 (stage IIIA and III B) using Wobe Mugos E and its evaluation using micronuclei as a cytogenetic marker. Micronuclei, which are cytoplasmic fragments of DNA, have been used as a biological dosimeter to assess DNA damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourty @entity1 of locally advanced NSCLC were randomized into two study groups between 2001-2003. One group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy using @entity900 and @entity2879 . The other group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy using @entity900 and @entity2879 along with Wobe Mugos E which is a proteolytic enzyme preparation. A study of micronuclei frequency was done pre and post chemotherapy in both groups. RESULTS: Thirty eight @entity1 were available for final evaluation. @entity417 was the most common hematological @entity137 observed. @entity1209 were the most common non -hematological @entity137 seen. Wobe Mugos E was found to reduce the incidence of @entity1210 (p = 0.005), @entity390 (p=0.004), @entity391 (p= 0.003), @entity16 (p = 0.032) and treatment related @entity308 (p= 0.005). A reduction in micronuclei was seen in @entity1 in @entity1 on Wobe Mugos E. (p =0.01). CONCLUSION: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy related acute @entity137 is a major problem in @entity1 with advanced @entity2 . A reduction in micronuclei frequency shows Wobe Mugos E to be effective in reducing chemotherapy related acute @entity137 .

title: Micronuclei evaluation of reduction in neoadjuvant chemotherapy related acute @entity137 in locally advanced XXXX : an indian experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knee @entity158 in @entity306 ( @entity306 ) is associated with increased patellofemoral forces present when walking with flexed knees. In typically developing @entity1 , knee @entity158 and @entity409 are associated with @entity28 , @entity13809 , femoral anteversion, and external tibial torsion. These problems are also common in @entity306 , and may contribute to knee problems in this population. The purposes of this study were to define the prevalence of knee @entity158 and @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity306 , and to identify physical and gait characteristics (using 3-dimensional gait analysis data) that predispose them to such problems. METHODS: Retrospective review of 121 @entity1 with @entity306 , Gross Motor Function Classification System level I to IV, who underwent computerized gait analysis testing. Demographics, range of motion, body mass index and hip, knee, and ankle kinematics were compared between subjects with and without knee @entity158 . RESULTS: Twenty-five of 121 subjects (21%) reported knee @entity158 at the time of testing. Three of 121 subjects (2%) had a history of @entity8043 . Age and sex were significantly related to presence of knee @entity158 . The likelihood of knee @entity158 was almost 5 times higher in females (odds ratio=4.9, [95% confidence interval, 1.8-13.3], P=0.002), with a prevalence of 40% (17/42) in females versus 10% (8/79) in males. The likelihood of knee @entity158 increased with age by approximately 13% per year (odds ratio=1.13, [95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.28], P=0.058). Malignant @entity893 showed a potential relationship to more severe knee @entity158 (P=0.05), which warrants further investigation. Body mass index, pes valgus, and degree of stance knee flexion showed no statistically significant relationships to knee @entity158 (P>0.16). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of knee @entity158 in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity306 is approximately 21%. @entity7194 (2%) and dislocation are rare in these @entity1 . Knee @entity158 is not always related to crouch, femoral anteversion, @entity13809 , or pes valgus. Knee @entity158 in these @entity1 is more prevalent in females, and increases with increasing age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-case-control study.

title: Knee Pain and Patellofemoral Symptoms in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['patellofemoral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity13809 :: ('MESH:D056304', 'Disease') :: ['external tibial torsion, genu valgum', 'genu valgum']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['Patellar subluxation']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar subluxation/dislocation']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effect of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) on gait velocity, @entity158 , and function, in older @entity626 ( @entity571 ) @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty knee @entity571 @entity1 (Kellgren-Lawrence II-III) [72.44 (   6.11) years old] were randomized, using the 'RANDBETWEEN' function in Microsoft Excel, to receive three weekly injections of HA (2 ml of 20 mg/ml HA), or placebo (P) (1.2 ml of 0.001 mg/ml HA), with fifteen @entity1 per group. @entity1 and assessors were blind to treatment. Self-selected and fast gait velocities were measured with the GAITRite system. Knee @entity158 , @entity2693 , and physical function were measured with the Western Ontario @entity571 @entity571 index (WOMAC @entity571 index). Data from 1 week, 3 and 6 months post-treatment were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The HA group significantly improved self-selected and fast gait velocity, while the P group only significantly improved self-selected gait velocity. Mean improvements in self-selected gait velocity [Mean (SD); 95% CI] [1.25 (52.4)cm/s; -18.38; 20.88] and fast gait velocity [7.16 (71.75)cm/s; -19.72; 34.04] were not significantly different between groups. Improvements in WOMAC @entity158 scores were significantly greater in the HA group than the P group [-2.47 (6.39); -4.86; -0.08], while improvements in @entity2693 [-0.87 (2.42); -1.77; 0.04] and physical function [-7.23 (19.77); -14.63; 0.16] scores were not. CONCLUSIONS: The overall effect of HA on gait velocity in older knee @entity571 @entity1 was not significant compared to placebo. The preliminary results of improved fast gait velocity following HA treatment should be investigated further, along with the incidence of falls, in a larger sample of older knee @entity571 @entity1 .ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00778076.

title: The effect of intra-articular hyaluronic acid treatment on gait velocity in older XXXX @entity1 : a randomized, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'McMaster Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: Experience using the @entity4438 sling to manage @entity322 in 10 @entity1 with a @entity1494 is described. The sling was constructed from rectus abdominus fascia in the first 5 cases. Because of 2 sequential failures attributed to inadequacy of the @entity4438 @entity3129 was used in the last 5 cases. Six @entity1 underwent @entity1494 concomitant with sling construction. Of the 10 @entity1 9 were perfectly dry immediately after surgery, although with longer followup several @entity1 became wet. The source of the @entity4438 material used to make the sling did not affect the long-term outcome. Of the 6 @entity1 who underwent augmentation at the time of sling construction 4 remain dry at long-term followup. On the other hand, only 1 of the 4 @entity1 who did not undergo augmentation when the sling was positioned had a good long-term result. @entity4438 was suspected in 3 @entity1 who had difficulty with catheterization after surgery. Three @entity1 required @entity1494 because of changes in detrusor behavior subsequent to sling construction. This series suggests that combining the @entity4438 sling with @entity1494 appreciably increases the likelihood of achieving dryness and that excessive compression of the urethra by the @entity4438 sling may lead to erosion. The sling, as an isolated procedure for @entity322 , should only be used in exceptionally capacious compliant bladders.

title: Use of the @entity4438 sling for XXXX : lessons learned.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3129 :: ('MESH:D005119', 'Disease') :: ['material fascia lata']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial', 'Erosion of the fascial sling']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'bladder augmentation']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['neurogenic incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the reoperation rate on the acromioclavicular (AC) joint after arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASAD) with and without concomitant AC joint surgery and to identify factors related to continued @entity2720 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 1,482 cases without concomitant shoulder pathology that were followed up by physical examination, phone interview, questionnaire, or chart review. Group A, @entity1 who underwent ASAD alone, consisted of 1,091 cases. Group B, @entity1 who underwent ASAD with concomitant AC joint surgery consisting of either co-planing or arthroscopic distal clavicle resection (ADCR), consisted of 391 cases. RESULTS: A total of 22 @entity1 underwent reoperation on the AC joint. The overall reoperation rate was 1.5%, or 22 of 1,482 @entity1 . The index procedure failed in 16 @entity1 from the ASAD group (group A), yielding a reoperation rate of 1.5%. The index procedure failed in 6 @entity1 from the group undergoing ASAD with concomitant AC joint surgery (group B), for a reoperation rate of 1.5%. Reoperation occurred at a mean of 22 months and 8 months for group A and group B, respectively. Overall, 17 of 22 @entity1 (77%) who required AC joint reoperation were either Workers' Compensation (WC) or litigation cases. The reoperation rate was 2.4% for WC @entity1 and 0.8% for non-WC @entity1 . WC status was found to be a statistically significant factor in the rate of reoperation for @entity2720 (P < .05). Of the 22 @entity1 , 10 continued to have @entity158 at a mean of 25.9 months (range, 9 to 53 months) after reoperation. Given the similar rates of reoperation, routine AC joint violation by co-planing or ADCR is not recommended during ASAD. Reoperation for continued @entity2720 was associated with a nearly 50% rate of continued symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that the incidence of reoperation on the AC joint after ASAD with or without concomitant AC joint surgery is small for both groups with a 1.5% rate of reoperation for each group. The incidence of reoperation is lower, at 0.8%, for non-WC cases. In addition, there was a high rate of continued symptoms, with 45% of @entity1 having continued @entity158 after reoperation. Violation of the AC joint during the initial surgery by co-planing or ADCR did not alter the reoperation rate for @entity2720 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

title: XXXX after arthroscopic subacromial decompression with and without concomitant acromioclavicular surgery.

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['AC joint symptoms']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['Acromioclavicular joint reoperation']