abstract: We have shown in previous studies that metastatically-competent variant subpopulations (B5, C1) derived from a non-metastatic @entity19 mammary adenocarcinoma ( @entity10591 ) have a pronounced growth advantage over their non-metastatic @entity5 cell counterparts in @entity5 . As a result, @entity5 can be progressively overgrown by cells having the competence to spread elsewhere in the body. This occurs despite any evidence to indicate an intrinsic in vivo growth rate advantage of the metastatic cells when grown as isolated populations. This suggested that cell-cell interactions between metastatic and non-metastatic @entity5 populations may be involved in the metastatic cell growth dominance process. Evidence was therefore sought for growth factors released by @entity10591 cells which could preferentially stimulate the B5 or C1 variants and thereby mediate this cell-cell interaction process. We found that cocultures of @entity10591 and C1 or B5 cells with irradiated C1, B5, or @entity10591 "feeder" cells showed significant stimulation of C1 and B5 by @entity10591 "feeder" cells. Cell growth stimulation in response to EGF, @entity13898 , @entity641 , @entity10245 , PDGF, NGF, @entity7424 , or @entity10247 demonstrated that only @entity641 could duplicate this effect. A repeat of the coculture experiment in the presence of specific neutralizing anti- @entity641 antibodies was therefore undertaken and this was found to markedly reduce the stimulation of C1 or B5 cells by irradiated @entity10591 cells. Conditioned media from the @entity10591 and C1 cell lines was quantitated for @entity641 activity and contained 4.5 ng/ml and 2.0 ng/ml, respectively. However, the majority of the @entity641 released by @entity10591 cells was found to be spontaneously active, whereas 70% of the @entity641 released by C1 cells was in its latent form. Scatchard analysis revealed approximately four times the number of @entity641 receptors, of similar type and affinity, present on C1 as compared with @entity10591 cells. The in vitro results support the hypothesis that active @entity641 released by @entity10591 cells may stimulate the proliferation of metastatic variant cells in a paracrine like fashion. In vivo evidence for this was obtained by showing that coinjection of irradiated @entity10591 cells could selectively stimulate @entity5 growth of viable C1 cells and this effect was markedly diminished by neutralizing polyclonal anti- @entity641 antibodies. Taken together, the results suggest a novel role for @entity641 in clonal evolution of @entity5 growth and as a molecular mediator of @entity5 cell- @entity5 cell interactions involved in facilitating @entity5 progression.

title: Reduction of XXXX activity abrogates growth promoting @entity5 cell-cell interactions in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignant tumor']

answer: @entity641 :: (21803(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TGF-beta']


abstract: A retrospective investigation of 75 @entity1098 -decalcified Jamshidi biopsies collected over a 2-year period at Aarhus University Hospital was performed. The biopsies originated from 75 @entity1 suffering from idiopathic @entity4018 , other @entity102 , or other conditions with known associations with @entity4018 . The relative volumes of trabecular and woven bone, as well as haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic tissue, were estimated histomorphometrically. The degree of @entity82 was estimated semiquantitatively. Finally, the thickness of trabecular osteons was estimated from the number of lamellae by counting. @entity1 with idiopathic @entity4018 had statistically significantly more bone tissue than the other groups of @entity1 . The @entity16455 was primarily due to woven bone. Larger cancellous osteons also suggested a positive balance in bone remodelling. The amount of bone tissue showed furthermore a statistically significant increase through the groups of @entity11998 vera, essential thrombocythaemia, @entity1860 and idiopathic @entity4018 . Parallel to the increase in the amount of bone, an increase in the degree of marrow @entity82 was detected. The positive correlation between the amount of bone and the degree of marrow @entity82 was statistically highly significant (p=0.0008).

title: A histomorphometric study of haematological disorders with respect to marrow XXXX and @entity16455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow fibrosis', 'myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16455 :: ('MESH:D010026', 'Disease') :: ['osteosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukaemia']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Recent studies indicate that aging is associated with dysfunctional changes in @entity158 modulatory capacity, potentially contributing to increased incidence of @entity158 in older adults. However, age-related changes in offset @entity1337 (offset), a form of @entity158 inhibition, remain poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate age differences in offset @entity1337 of @entity158 in healthy younger and older adults. To explore the peripheral mechanisms underlying offset, an additional aim of the study was to test offset at 2 anatomical sites with known differences in nociceptor innervation. A total of 25 younger adults and 20 older adults completed 6 offset trials in which the experimental heat stimulus was presented to the volar forearm and glabrous skin of the palm. Each trial consisted of 3 continuous phases: an initial 15-second @entity158 stimulus (T1), a slight increase in temperature from T1 for 5 seconds (T2), and a slight decrease back to the initial testing temperature for 10 seconds (T3). During each trial, subjects rated @entity158 intensity continuously using an electronic visual analogue scale (0-100). Older adults demonstrated reduced offset compared to younger adults when tested on the volar forearm. Interestingly, offset @entity1337 was nonexistent on the palm for all subjects. The reduced offset found in older adults may reflect an age-related decline in endogenous inhibitory systems. However, although the exact mechanisms underlying offset remain unknown, the absence of offset at the palm suggests that peripheral mechanisms may be involved in initiating this phenomenon.

title: Offset XXXX is reduced in older adults.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['temporal pain', 'pain', 'heat pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is a @entity146 of complex pathogenesis caused by @entity879 . We studied the etiology of @entity75 in a @entity19 model of @entity99 induced by either bile duct ligation or @entity7008 administration. We report that stimulation of cerebral @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major intracellular energy sensor, is a compensatory response to @entity1578 . This function of AMPK is regulated by endocannabinoids. The cannabinoid system controls systemic energy balance via the cannabinoid receptors @entity50331 . Under normal circumstances, AMPK activity is mediated by CB-1 while @entity14651 is barely detected. However, @entity14651 is strongly stimulated in response to @entity1578 . Administration of @entity839 ( @entity839 ) augmented AMPK activity and restored brain function in WT @entity19 but not in their @entity14651 KO littermates. These results suggest that @entity99 is a disease of energy flux. @entity14651 signaling is a cerebral stress response mechanism and makes AMPK a promising target for its treatment by modulating the cannabinoid system.

title: Cannabinoids ameliorate XXXX following @entity1578 via @entity860 -activated protein kinase.

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['THC', 'delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic encephalopathy', 'HE']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cerebral dysfunction']


abstract: Coronary @entity730 are always associated with @entity453 . Sensitive radiographic technology can detect coronary @entity460 before @entity731 becomes symptomatic. A total of 1461 asymptomatic high-risk adult subjects were studied with digital subtraction fluoroscopy to detect coronary @entity460 . Risk factor data were recorded including age, sex, family history, smoking history, @entity6 history, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, left @entity123 on ECG, total serum @entity165 level, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , and total @entity165 /HDL ratio. Digital subtraction fluoroscopy in the left anterior oblique projection was performed in all subjects. The prevalence of @entity730 in at least one major coronary artery was high (58.3%). Eleven percent had coronary @entity460 in all three major arteries. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant correlations (p < 0.05) between the prevalence of coronary @entity460 and age, smoking history (relative risk = 1.30), @entity6 history (relative risk = 1.24), and family history (relative risk = 1.26). In older subjects (at least 65 years of age), smoking and serum lipoproteins assumed greater importance as contributors to coronary @entity460 , whereas in younger subjects a history of @entity6 was more significant. Coronary @entity730 are prevalent in high-risk asymptomatic subjects. Their occurrence is closely related to most known risk factors.

title: Prevalence of fluoroscopic coronary XXXX in high-risk asymptomatic persons.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific deposits']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcific deposits']


abstract: @entity291 which have been infected with @entity4021 ( @entity4021 ) virus can be differentiated from those that have been vaccinated on the basis of the detection of antibody to one or more of the @entity778 . @entity291 which have been protected by vaccination can become persistently infected with @entity4021 virus (FMDV) without ever showing clinical signs. Vaccinated, protected @entity291 which are persistently infected cannot be distinguished from animals that merely have been vaccinated on the basis of serological tests for antibody to the structural proteins of FMDV. Sera were collected from groups of @entity291 for varying periods after exposure to @entity281 under experimental conditions. On the basis of isolation of virus from probang samples collected during the course of the experiments it was possible to classify the @entity291 according to the following criteria; naive, infected and eliminated the virus (convalescent), infected and persistently infected with FMDV (carriers), vaccinated alone, vaccinated and either convalescent or carrier. Sera were examined for antibody to the NS proteins Lb, 2C, 3A, 3D, and 3ABC by an indirect profiling ELISA using @entity526 -expressed fusion proteins as antigens. Considerable variation was observed in the antibody response to NS proteins of both naive and vaccinated animals following @entity281 . The extent of individual variation was so great that convalescent animals could not be differentiated from carrier animals on the basis of their antibody response to any of the NS proteins examined. The majority of vaccinated, protected animals showed an antibody response to NS proteins, particularly 3ABC, following exposure to @entity281 . However, the carrier state was demonstrated in some vaccinated, protected animals in which no antibody response to any of the NS proteins could be detected. The detection of antibody to NS proteins can therefore be used on a group, or herd, basis to detect circulation of virus in a vaccinated population but further investigations in the field are required to determine the sampling level necessary for statistical acceptance. On an individual animal basis, however, freedom from antibody to NS proteins in a vaccinated animal, or an animal of unknown history, does not necessarily imply that the animal is free from @entity281 with @entity4021 virus and, furthermore, the titre of antibody to NS proteins is not a useful predictive measure of whether or not an infected animal has successfully eliminated the virus.

title: Antibody to the nonstructural proteins of XXXX virus in vaccinated animals exposed to @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['non-structural (NS) proteins of the virus']

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['foot-and-mouth disease', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity4021 :: (MESH:D005536,Disease) :: ['foot-and-mouth disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES) in the treatment of saphenous vein graft (SVG) disease. BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of SVG lesions with bare metal stents (BMS) is associated with frequent in-stent restenosis, @entity74 in nonstented SVG segments, and suboptimal clinical outcomes. While SES have been shown to reduce restenosis rates in various native lesion subsets, the long-term clinical impact of SES use in SVG lesions is less clear. METHODS: We compared our first 59 @entity1 who underwent SES implantation in SVGs with 50 consecutive @entity1 who received BMS in an equivalent time period prior to SES availability. Clinical outcomes were compared in both groups. RESULTS: Baseline clinical variables between the two groups were similar. Mean graft age in the SES cohort was older than that in the BMS cohort (12.9 years vs. 9.4 years). At follow-up, the SES group had a 24.6% absolute lower incidence of major adverse @entity299 (MACE) (25.4% vs. 50.0%), driven by a 20.7% absolute lower incidence of target vessel revascularization (TVR) (15.3% vs. 36.0%). The SES treatment group had a 24.1% lower rate of clinical restenosis (11.9% vs. 36.0%). The use of a SES was an independent negative predictor of MACE at a mean follow-up of 20 months (odds ratio [OR]= 0.48,P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the placement of longer stents in @entity1 with older, smaller SVGs, the use of SES in the treatment of SVG lesions appears to be safe and is associated with less clinical restenosis and more favorable long-term clinical outcomes as compared with BMS.

title: Long-term clinical benefit of XXXX -eluting stents compared to bare metal stents in the treatment of saphenous vein graft disease.

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progression of disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of its @entity158 -attenuating and sedative properties oral @entity3652 has been used as premedication in @entity1 and adults. We wanted to compare in @entity1 scheduled for adenoidectomy safety and efficacy of oral @entity3652 with a premedication that causes similar preoperative sedation and relief of @entity158 at the venepuncture site. We also evaluated the effect of i.v. @entity10445 added to these combinations. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 between 10 and 15 kg of body weight scheduled for day-case adenoidectomy were randomly assigned to one of four groups: groups DG and DS received @entity3522 12.5 mg and @entity3175 0.5 mg/kg rectally, EMLA cream at the venepuncture site, and placebo orally; groups KG and KS received @entity3652 6.0 mg/kg orally, placebo cream at the puncture site, and placebo rectally; additionally, groups DG and KG received glycopyrrolate 5 microg/kg, and groups DS and KS received placebo intravenously. We recorded perioperatively scores (open scale 1-9) for stridor, sedation, @entity548 , @entity390 , @entity158 , heart rate, the need for analgesics and registered psychotomimesis and well-being at home. RESULTS: The @entity1 of the K-groups became more tearful during separation from their parents (P=0.0072). No other differences were found between the @entity3652 and @entity3175 / @entity3522 groups before and after premedication until induction of anaesthesia. Oral @entity3652 produced unpleasant psychotomimesis in four out of 59 @entity1 . During the first 10 min postoperatively, the score for stridor was significantly higher in group KS than in the D-groups; stridor scores > or = 6 were seen in one @entity1 of the D-groups (DS) and in six @entity1 of the K-groups (n.s.), of whom three developed @entity8822 (one reintubation). @entity10445 diminished salivation in all groups, but had no effect on stridor scores. Additionally, glycopyrrolate delayed the onset of eating at home. CONCLUSION: Premedication with racemic oral @entity3652 6 mg/kg does not seem to be suitable for upper airway procedures. Addition of i.v. glycopyrrolate before the induction of anaesthesia significantly reduced the scores for salivation.

title: Efficacy and safety of premedication with oral @entity3652 for day-case adenoidectomy compared with rectal @entity3175 / XXXX and EMLA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate', 'Glycopyrrolate']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2133 is known to cause severe @entity158 in the intraoral structures, and many @entity2133 @entity1 have been suffering from @entity158 . In development of an appropriate treatment, it is crucial to study the mechanisms underlying @entity158 associated with @entity2133 , yet the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. To evaluate the mechanisms underlying @entity158 related to @entity2133 , the dry-tongue @entity35 model was developed. Hence, the mechanical or heat nocifensive reflex, the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphorylated @entity4860 -IR immunohistochemistries, and the single neuronal activity were examined in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis of dry-tongue @entity35 . RESULTS: The @entity3347 to mechanical, but not heat, stimulation of the tongue was significantly decreased on day 7 after tongue drying. The mechanical, but not heat, responses of trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis nociceptive neurons were significantly enhanced in dry-tongue @entity35 compared to sham @entity35 on day 7. The number of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-immunoreactive cells was also significantly increased in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis following noxious stimulation of the tongue in dry-tongue @entity35 compared to sham @entity35 on day 7. The decrement of the mechanical @entity3347 ( @entity3347 ) was reversed during intracisternal administration of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibitor, @entity4286 . The trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis neuronal activities and the number of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-immunoreactive cells following noxious mechanical stimulation of dried tongue were also significantly decreased following intracisternal administration of @entity4286 compared to vehicle-administrated @entity35 . Increased number of the phosphorylated @entity4860 -IR cells was observed in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis of dry-tongue @entity35 , and the number of phosphorylated @entity4860 -IR cells was significantly reduced in @entity4286 -administrated @entity35 compared to the vehicle-administrated tongue-dry @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the pERK-pGluR1 cascade is involved in central sensitization of trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis nociceptive neurons, thus resulting in tongue mechanical @entity1931 associated with tongue drying.

title: ERK- @entity4860 phosphorylation in trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis neurons is involved in XXXX associated with dry tongue.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['HWT', 'head-withdrawal reflex threshold']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry mouth', 'Dry mouth']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['intraoral pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the occurrence and resolution of @entity132 following bone harvesting from the symphysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 30 @entity1 , skin sensitivity of the chin/lower lip area and pulp sensitivity of all mandibular anterior teeth were assessed preoperatively, at the time of suture removal, at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. In addition, bone defect dimensions of the donor site were measured intraoperatively, and distances from defect margins to adjacent anatomical structures, such as root apices, mental foramen and inferior border of mandible, were assessed postoperatively on a panoramic radiograph. RESULTS: Pulp sensitivity changes were found in 18.6% of adjacent teeth at the time of suture removal. At the 6-month follow-up, 8.1% of teeth, and at the 12-month re-examination, 0.6% of teeth presented with altered sensitivity. This decrease over time of the number of affected teeth per @entity1 with sensitivity changes was significant (P=2.35e-007). Lower @entity3384 was only observed in one @entity1 postoperatively, with complete resolution at the 6-month follow-up. Radiographic measurements of distances between donor defect and adjacent anatomical structures only reached significant difference for one parameter in @entity1 with sensitivity changes compared with @entity1 without sensitivity changes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 must be informed about possible transient and long-term sensitivity changes of adjacent teeth and soft tissues following bone harvesting from the chin. However, by correctly placing mucoperiosteal incisions and bone cuts, the risk of sensitivity changes can be minimized.

title: XXXX following bone harvesting in the symphysis: a prospective clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['lip hypaesthesia']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory disturbances']

answer: @entity132 :: (MESH:D010468,Disease) :: ['Neurosensory disturbances']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Despite the growing number of instruments for the prospective measurement of post-traumatic @entity2730 ( @entity865 ) after traumatic @entity1545 , fundamental issues about the natural history of its resolution and methods of examination remain unresolved. The aims of the present study were to: (1) examine the sequence of resolution of disorientation and @entity2730 , and (2) determine if the method of measuring the memory component affected the duration of @entity865 . METHODS: The sample comprised 31 severely injured @entity1 admitted to a @entity1545 rehabilitation unit who were examined daily until they emerged from @entity865 . They were administered a composite @entity865 scale, covering orientation and memory items from standard @entity865 scales. @entity1 were consecutively allocated to one of two groups according to the method of measuring the memory component. Each group was administered identical materials with a different procedure. RESULTS: The most common sequence for resolution of disorientation in both groups was @entity1 , followed by place, then time. Overall, @entity2730 resolved before disorientation in 94% of cases. Correlation coefficients between return of components of orientation and memory were all highly significant, ranging from r=0. 81 to 0.93. Significant variability occurred in the number of days to emerge from @entity865 according to the scale used. There was evidence that the method of measuring memory influenced the @entity1 's capacity to consistently sustain criterion scores on the scale. CONCLUSIONS: These results are contrary to findings in mildly injured @entity1 , in whom orientation usually returns before memory. They also demonstrate that the duration of @entity865 will be dictated by the method used. These findings raise validity issues with respect to the prospective measurement of @entity865 , and in particular determining when an individual @entity1 has emerged from @entity865 , which require further investigation.

title: Resolution of disorientation and XXXX during post-traumatic @entity2730 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

answer: @entity2730 :: (MESH:D000647,Disease) :: ['amnesia']


abstract: Adult male and female @entity1050 @entity35 (F0) were dosed with @entity3584 (GA; CAS number 111-30-8) in drinking water at concentrations of 0 (controls), 50, 250, or 1000 ppm for a 10-wk prebreed period and through mating, gestation, and lactation. Resultant F1 offspring, selected to be parents of the next generation, were continued on the same regime from prebreed through lactation. Twenty-eight parental animals per sex per generation for each dose group were evaluated for clinical signs, body weight (absolute and gain), and water and food consumption. The offspring were evaluated for survival and body weight to weaning. Necropsy and light microscopic examination of removed tissues were conducted in all F0 and F1 parents and in 10 offspring/sex/group/generation. Average daily consumptions of GA (as mean +/- SD) for the low, intermediate, and high concentrations were respectively 4.25 +/- 0.87, 17.50 +/- 4.16, and 69.07 +/- 14.58 mg/kg/d for F0 parental males, and 6.68 +/- 0.78, 28.28 +/- 4.09, and 98.37 +/- 11.71 mg/kg/d for F0 parental females. The corresponding values for the F1 parents were 4.53 +/- 1.02, 21.95 +/- 4.88, and 71.08 +/- 16.21 mg/kg/d for males and 6.72 +/- 0.84, 29.57 +/- 5.41, and 99.56 +/- 16.72 mg/kg/d for females. There were no effects on parental fertility and mating performance or on pup viability and litter size in any generation. No apparent treatment-related histopathology was seen in parents or offspring. Parental body weights and body weight gains were significantly reduced at 1000 ppm at a few isolated time periods, particularly during prebreed. Food consumption was significantly reduced at 1000 ppm for F0 and F1 parents during the prebreed and gestation periods, and at 250 ppm for F0 males during prebreed and gestation and F1 females during gestation and lactation. Water consumption by the F0 and F1 parents of the 250 at 1000 ppm groups was reduced throughout the prebreed period. At 1000 ppm, average litter weights were reduced over lactation d 21-28 for the @entity7102 offspring. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) for adult @entity137 was 50 ppm and for offspring 250 ppm. There were no indications of reproductive @entity137 , and the NOEL for this study was therefore > 1000 ppm.

title: Two-generation reproduction study by dosing with XXXX in the drinking water of @entity1050 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

answer: @entity3584 :: (MESH:D005976,Chemical) :: ['glutaraldehyde']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recalcitrant @entity2633 may be a disabling condition. Treatment of this condition is still controversial. AIMS: In the present prospective study, we evaluated the long-term results of autologous blood injection for the treatment of recalcitrant @entity2633 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. METHODS: A total of 42 elbows of 40 consecutive @entity1 (28 female, 12 male) were enrolled in this prospective study. Seven @entity1 left the study (3 @entity1 moved to another city, 1 @entity1 died in the second week due to a @entity299 , 1 @entity1 quit the study because of the resolution of @entity158 in the fourth week and 2 @entity1 did not agree to the second injection). Thirteen @entity1 were lost to third year follow-up. Therefore, a total of 21 elbows of 20 @entity1 with 3 years of follow-up were included in this study. The mean age of the @entity1 was 47.25 years (range, 20-68 years). RESULTS: Visual analogue scale (VAS), Nirschl score and grip strength were significantly improved after injections when compared to before treatment. The best improvement in terms of grip strength, Nirschl score and VAS score was detected at the one year follow-up. The improvement in Nirschl and VAS score sustained until the third year. CONCLUSION: We suggest that autologous blood injection for the treatment of recalcitrant @entity2633 is an effective, safe and successful procedure in the long-term.

title: Autologous Blood Injection Works for Recalcitrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart condition']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['Lateral Epicondylitis']


abstract: Thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting @entity977 cause @entity16414 in the presence of "inappropriately" elevated concentrations of TSH. TSH production under these circumstances escapes the normal negative feedback effect of thyroid hormone. We propose that this defective negative feedback is mediated by an abnormality of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) expression. Two TSH-secreting @entity977 were analyzed by immunocytochemistry for TR isoform protein expression and by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for TR isoform mRNA expression. The results obtained from these @entity5 were compared with the findings from six normal @entity1 pituitaries. Neither @entity5 examined expressed detectable levels of nuclear @entity22910 or @entity11112 proteins, in contrast to the normal pituitaries studied, which expressed all TR isoforms. Application of RT-PCR, however, revealed mRNAs encoding each TR isoform in all tumorous and normal tissues examined. Semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed similar levels of expression of @entity22910 and @entity11112 isoform mRNAs in @entity5 and normal tissue, in contrast to the observed difference in TR proteins. Absent @entity22910 and @entity11112 protein expression, in association with normal mRNA levels, implies a post-transcriptional defect in TR mRNA processing in TSH-secreting @entity652 . Reduced TR expression in these @entity5 may explain defective negative feedback of thyroid hormone on TSH production, and may also contribute to uncontrolled @entity5 growth.

title: An abnormality of thyroid hormone receptor expression may explain abnormal thyrotropin production in thyrotropin-secreting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16414 :: ('MESH:D006981', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroxinemia']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumors']


abstract: Difficulty in filtering relevant auditory information in background noise is one of the features of @entity2438 . Auditory filtering processes can be investigated at the peripheral level as they are hypothesized to involve active cochlear mechanisms which are regulated by the efferent activity of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system. The aim of the present work was therefore to assess these peripheral auditory processes in 22 @entity1 and adolescents with @entity2438 compared with age- and gender-matched normal controls. Active cochlear mechanisms were evaluated with transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and MOC system efficiency was assessed via TEOAEs which are decreased when stimulating the contralateral ear with noise. The MOC system evaluation was performed on 18 of the 22 @entity1 . In both studies, results were analysed according to age (from 4 to 10 years and from 11 to 20 years). The main result concerns the asymmetry of the efferent system which differs in individuals with @entity2438 . Several neural processes might be hypothesized as involved in the results obtained as the MOC system which originates in the brainstem received regulating controls from upper brain structures including auditory cortex. Lateralization abnormalities at the auditory periphery may reflect indirectly a problem at a higher level of auditory processing. A second important result shows a decrease in TEOAE amplitude with age, in @entity1 , that may correspond to a decrease in hearing sensitivity.

title: Peripheral auditory asymmetry in infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: The stimulatory effect of TRH on @entity3695 ( @entity48027 ) secretion by the anterior pituitary gland (APG) of the pseudopregnant (PSP) @entity35 was studied in vivo and in vitro. TRH, 500 micrograms, did not increase @entity48027 release during the @entity48027 peaks which are generated daily between 01.00 and 12.00 for about 10 days (mean height of the peaks: 302 +/- 99 ng @entity19264 ), nor did TRH induce @entity48027 secretion during the phase of low (12 +/- 1 ng @entity48027 @entity19264 ) secretion (the "interphase", between 20.00 and 01.00 h). 25 mg/kg b.w. of the dopamine- (DA) release blocking drug, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone-2 ( @entity11222 ) did not itself induce peaks of @entity48027 during the interphase, but in 1 animal out of 6 which were treated with this dose of @entity11222 , TRH (500 micrograms) induced a peak of @entity48027 with a height of 264 ng @entity19264 x 100 mg @entity11222 /kg b.w. induced during the interphase peaks of @entity48027 which were as high as spontaneous @entity48027 peaks (343 +/- 95 ng @entity19264 ). TRH increased these @entity48027 peaks to 844 +/- 48 ng @entity19264 . Apparently, @entity11222 not only lowers DA concentrations but also somehow increases the TRH-responsiveness of the lactotrophs. In vitro, the secretion of @entity48027 by incubated pituitary glands was suppressed to the same extent by 5 x 10(-8) and 10(-6) M DA. TRH stimulated @entity48027 secretion in the presence of 5 x 10(-8) M DA, but not in the presence of 10(-6) M DA or in the absence of DA. It is concluded that in vitro TRH acts as a physiological antagonist of DA. It is suggested that in vivo the effectivity of TRH as a @entity48027 -releasing factor may be modulated by DA and that this effect of DA is independent from its @entity48027 -release suppressing effect.

title: Dopamine and TRH-induced @entity3695 secretion in pseudopregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The main objective of this study was to compare bedside sonographic detection of hemoperitoneum with diagnostic peritoneal lavage/laparotomy in the @entity1 with blunt @entity1661 . A retrospective review was conducted of all blunt @entity130 @entity1 that underwent emergency department (bedside) sonography to rule out intraperitoneal @entity548 at a level I @entity130 center in 1991 to 1992. @entity1 were included in the study population only if: (1) the results of the ultrasound examination were interpreted before any other diagnostic studies, and (2) a diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) or laparotomy was performed. The ultrasound examination consisted of a single right inter/subcostal longitudinal view with the @entity1 in the trendelenburg position performed by the emergency physician or surgeon. A real-time sector scanner with a 3.5 MHz probe was used. The presence of an anechoic (black) stripe between the liver and the right kidney (Morrison's pouch) was interpreted as a positive study, and the absence of this finding was interpreted as a negative study. A positive DPL was defined as > or = 10 mL of gross blood or a blood cell count > or = 100,000/mm3 in the returned lavage fluid, and a positive laparotomy as > or = 100 mL of intraperitoneal blood. Forty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria for the study. Eleven @entity1 (24%) in this population had either a positive DPL or laparotomy. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of bedside sonography in identifying intraperitoneal @entity548 was 81.8%, 93.9%, and 90.9%, respectively. The ultrasound study provided an answer in less than 1 minute in most @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Emergency department ultrasound in the evaluation of blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who are intubated in the ICU are at risk of developing pressure @entity130 and lips from endotracheal tubes. Clear documentation is important for pressure wound care; however, no validated instruments currently exist for the staging of pressure @entity5932 . Instruments designed for the assessment of pressure @entity130 to other bodily regions are anatomically unsuited to the @entity3384 . OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and then assess the reliability of a novel scale for the assessment of pressure @entity5932 . METHODS: The Reaper Oral Mucosa Pressure Injury Scale (ROMPIS) was developed in consultation with ICU nurses, clinical nurse educators, Intensivists, and experts in pressure wound management. ICU nurses and portfolio-holders in pressure wound care from Peninsula Health (Victoria, Australia) were invited to use the ROMPIS to stage 19 de-identified clinical photographs of oral pressure @entity130 via secure online survey. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) was calculated using Krippendorff's alpha (a). RESULTS: Among ICU nurses (n=52), IRR of the ROMPIS was a=0.307; improving to a=0.463 when considering only responses where @entity130 were deemed to be stageable using the ROMPIS (i.e. excluding responses where respondents considered an injury to be unstageable). Among a cohort of experts in pressure wound care (n=8), IRR was a=0.306; or a=0.443 excluding responses indicating that wounds were unstageable. CONCLUSIONS: An instrument for the assessment and monitoring of pressure @entity130 and lips has practical implications for @entity1 care. This preliminary study indicates that the ROMPIS instrument has potential to be used clinically for this purpose; however, the performance of this scale may be somewhat reliant on the confidence or experience of the ICU nurse utilising it. Further validation is required.

title: Inter-rater reliability of the Reaper Oral Mucosa Pressure Injury Scale (ROMPIS): A novel scale for the assessment of the severity of pressure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['lips and mouth']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the mouth and oral mucosa', 'injuries to the oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injuries to the mouth']

answer: @entity5932 :: (MESH:C565008,Disease) :: ['injuries to the mouth and oral mucosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of Epley and Semont maneuvers in treating @entity345 ( @entity345 ). DESIGN: Systematic search of the medical literature to identify studies that used Epley or Semont maneuvers in randomized controlled trials to treat BPP'V. Studies were examined blind and the results of the studies with a satisfactory methodological quality were pooled. SUBJECTS: Four studies of adults with a clinical diagnosis of @entity345 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjective sensation of @entity9468 7 and 30 days after treatment, positional objective nystagmus and @entity9468 evoked by the Dix-Hallpike test ( @entity587 ) 7 and 30 days after treatment. RESULTS: Seventy percent of Epley maneuver-treated adults and 95% of placebo-treated adults reported new episodes of @entity9468 at 7 days. Moreover, 100% had a positive @entity587 (odds ratio 0.11; p = 0. 0072). However, 30 days after treatment 59% of treated adults (Epley or Semont) remained asymptomatic and 89% were unresponsive to @entity587 . Subjective remission of @entity345 occurred in 47% of placebo-treated subjects, but only 27% had a negative @entity587 (odds ratio 0.05 for Epley maneuver-treated evaluated by @entity587 ). CONCLUSIONS: The Epley canalith repositioning procedure or Semont maneuver had a significantly higher efficacy rate in @entity1 with @entity345 than placebo procedures, but results must be evaluated at 30 days by @entity587 . @entity587 is an easy, low-cost and effective method for assessing the outcome of treatment in @entity1 with @entity345 .

title: [Meta-analysis of the treatment of XXXX by Epley and Semont maneuvers].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity345 :: ('MESH:D065635', 'Disease') :: ['BPPV', 'benign paroxysmal positional vertigo']

answer: @entity345 :: (MESH:D065635,Disease) :: ['benign paroxysmal positional vertigo']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of laser-assisted lead extraction for upgrade of existing pacemakers and defibrillators in @entity1 with central @entity432 . BACKGROUND: Implantable cardiac defibrillators and biventricular pacing have become the accepted therapeutic measures for @entity1 with @entity712 . Many @entity1 who are candidates for device therapy, however, already have existing right ventricular leads and the presence of central @entity432 . Upgrade of existing devices in these @entity1 is a dilemma, which is increasingly encountered by device-implanting physicians. Laser-assisted extraction of existing leads can facilitate access for device upgrade and provide an alternative to lead abandonment and contralateral implant. METHODS: We review our experience with laser-assisted lead extraction in @entity1 , referred for upgrade of existing devices, who were found to have, or known to have, ipsilateral subclavian @entity2994 . RESULTS: Over the past 3 years, 18 @entity1 (13 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ; mean age 63.9 +/- 16 years) with subclavian @entity2994 underwent successful laser-assisted lead extraction (total 29 leads) and upgrade of existing leads to defibrillators and/or biventricular systems. Mean implant duration prior to extraction was 70.8 +/- 43.5 (11-192) months. Cannulation of the coronary sinus and placement of a transvenous left ventricular lead were achieved in all 13 @entity1 in whom it was attempted. No complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Laser-assisted lead extraction is a safe and effective approach, allowing for ipsilateral device upgrade in @entity1 with existing devices and central @entity432 .

title: Central XXXX is not an obstacle to device upgrade with the assistance of laser extraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['venous occlusion']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Digestive surgery is often necessary for surgical management of advanced @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a series of 62 @entity1 with @entity43 , postoperative morbidity and mortality, overall survival after 5 years and disease-free survival after 2 years were studied and corelated with several @entity1 criteria (age, stage of the disease, @entity66 , type of surgery, @entity10224 normalisation delay, @entity260 and hospital stay). @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the surgical treatment. The first group (n = 17) included @entity1 treated by gynecologic and digestive surgery, the second group (n = 45) included @entity1 treated by gynecologic surgery only. All @entity1 were proposed for chemotherapy included platyn salt. Mean age was 60 years (range: 20-83). The stage of the @entity5 was stage IIIa in 7 cases, stage IIIb in ten and stage IIIc in 45. RESULTS: Postoperative mortality was 3.5% (2/62). Postoperative morbidity was 26% (13/62). No statistical differences were noted for hospital stay, general morbidity, surgical morbidity when a gastric resection or a colon resections or a splenectomy were performed. Overall survival at 5 years was 56%. @entity66 less than 2 cm3 is the only prognostic factor for overall survival (56% vs 23% [P = 0.03]) and disease-free survival (86% vs 46% [P = 0.02]). CONCLUSION: This study including 62 @entity1 confirmed the prognostic significance of extensive cytoreductive surgery for treatment in advanced @entity43 without increasing the postoperative morbidy and mortality.

title: [Interest in intestinal resection for treatment of advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'stage III ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian epithelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity31336 @entity46608 mutation is the most common cause of @entity2383 ; yet there is limited awareness of @entity8442 ( @entity8442 ) in this disorder. We aimed to determine the prevalence, severity, and clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity31336 -related @entity2383 manifesting with @entity8442 . METHODS: In this large, observational cohort study, we assessed the clinical, molecular, and radiological characteristics of @entity1 with genetically determined @entity31336 -related @entity2383 , who presented with severe symptoms suggestive of @entity1744 in the absence of an occluding lesion. RESULTS: Between January 2009 and June 2015, 226 @entity1 harbouring the @entity31336 mutation were recruited to the Medical Research Council Centre @entity2383 @entity1 Cohort, Newcastle. Thirty @entity1 (13%) presented acutely with @entity8442 . Thirteen of these @entity1 had a preceding history of @entity64 -like episodes, whereas 1 presented 27 years previously with their first @entity64 -like episode. Eight @entity1 developed @entity8442 concomitantly during an @entity64 . Regression analysis suggested @entity64 was the strongest predictor for development of @entity8442 , in addition to @entity296 , low body mass index and high urinary mutation load. Poor clinical outcome was observed in 6 @entity1 who underwent surgical procedures. INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest, in this common @entity2383 , that @entity8442 is an under-recognized, often misdiagnosed clinical entity. Poor clinical outcome associated with @entity64 and acute surgical intervention highlights the importance of the neurologist having a high index of suspicion, particularly in the acute setting, to instigate timely coordination of appropriate care and management with other specialists. Ann Neurol 2016;80:686-692.

title: @entity8442 , XXXX , and @entity2383 : A lethal combination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke-like episode']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal pseudo-obstruction', 'IPO']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease', 'Mitochondrial Disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Alteration in crossbridge behavior and myocardial performance have been associated with @entity3999 isoenzyme composition in animal models of @entity1283 or @entity194 . In the hypertrophied @entity1 heart, myocardial performance is altered without significant changes in @entity3999 isoenzymes. To better understand this discrepancy, isometric heat and force measurements were carried out in 1) control and @entity1284 @entity1 myocardium, 2) control, pressure-overload, and @entity1378 @entity95 myocardium, and 3) control and @entity1375 @entity35 myocardium. In control @entity1 myocardium, peak isometric twitch @entity2701 was 44.0 +/- 11.7 mN/mm2, and maximum rate of @entity2701 rise was 69.2 +/- 21.0 mN/sec.mm2. In @entity1284 @entity1 myocardium, peak twitch @entity2701 and maximum rate of @entity2701 rise were reduced by 55% (p less than 0.05) and 65% (p less than 0.05), respectively. The average force-time integral of the individual crossbridge cycle, calculated by myothermal techniques, was increased by 85% (p less than 0.005) in @entity1284 @entity1 myocardium. In control and hormonally altered myocardium, both across and within species (control @entity1 , control @entity35 , control @entity95 , @entity1375 @entity35 , and @entity1378 @entity95 ), there was a close relation between the crossbridge force-time integral and the percentage of V3-type @entity3999 isoenzyme in the myocardium. However, hemodynamically altered ( @entity1284 @entity1 and pressure-overload @entity95 ) myocardium did not follow this relation. Across and within species, there were significant correlations between maximum rate of @entity2701 rise and average @entity2701 -dependent heat rate (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001) and between maximum rate of @entity2701 fall and average @entity2701 -independent heat rate (r = 0.82; p less than 0.025). Furthermore, there were close inverse relations between these heat rates and the crossbridge force-time integral. In addition, there was an inverse relation between @entity2701 -independent heat and the crossbridge force-time integral. Across and within species total @entity296 was significantly correlated with the crossbridge force-time integral (relative total heat, r = -0.84, p less than 0.02; relative total-activity related heat, r = -0.88, p less than 0.01). The present findings indicate that 1) factors separate from @entity3999 isoenzymes account for the altered crossbridge cycle in @entity1284 @entity1 and pressure-overload @entity95 myocardium, 2) changes in excitation-contraction coupling processes accompany changes in the crossbridge cycle within and across species, and 3) the force-time integral of the crossbridge cycle is a major determinant of total @entity296 .

title: Energetics of isometric force development in control and XXXX @entity1 myocardium. Comparison with animal species.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial energy turnover']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume-overload']

answer: @entity1284 :: (MESH:D019190,Disease) :: ['volume-overload']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate survival, progression free survival (PFS) and @entity137 of @entity1 with newly diagnosed high risk @entity2946 who were treated with weekly @entity1891 concurrently during irradiation followed by adjuvant @entity3003 and @entity1891 . @entity1 AND METHODS: High risk @entity2946 @entity1 with @entity86 that was >1.5 cm2 and/or @entity3 (M+) were planned to receive craniospinal irradiation (CSI) 36 Gy followed by boost to the posterior fossa for a total of 55.8 Gy. Concomitantly during radiation, @entity1 received weekly @entity1891 1.5 mg/m2. Six weeks after completion of radiation therapy, @entity1 were scheduled on a regimen of weekly @entity1891 (1.5 mg/m2) and @entity3003 (150 mg/m2) for 4 weeks, 3 weeks rest then another cycle for a total of 48 weeks. RESULTS: The study included seventeen high risk @entity2946 @entity1 presented to Ain Shams University hospitals and Sohag Cancer Center between November 2001 and March 2005. Their median age was 8.4 years (range from 5 to 14 years), they were 12 males and 5 females. The overall survival at three year was 70.6% and the 3-year PFS was 58.8%. The 3-year overall survival for M+ @entity1 was 50% Vs. 81.8% for M0 @entity1 (p=0.04). The 3-year PFS was 50% for M+ @entity1 Vs. 63.6% for M0 @entity1 (p=0.15). The treatment was well tolerated. During CSI, 3 @entity1 only (17.6%) developed grade 3 @entity1398 . During adjuvant chemotherapy, the complications were more frequent and of deeper degree. Grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 were observed in 5 @entity1 (29%). One @entity1 (6%) developed grade 3 @entity1897 . CONCLUSION: Our results show that the present chemotherapy and radiotherapeutic approach is able to improve overall survival and PFS in high risk @entity1 with gross residual disease but not in @entity1 with @entity3 (M+) that may require more intensive therapy.

title: Concomitant weekly XXXX and radiation followed by adjuvant @entity1891 and @entity3003 in the treatment of high risk @entity2946 : Ain Shams University Hospital and Sohag Cancer Center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative gross residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: @entity547 are a common complication of ostomy construction. We have developed a method of repair that uses two strips of @entity7502 prosthetic mesh through a midline incision. The medical records of 19 @entity1 who underwent @entity547 repair were retrospectively reviewed. All nine @entity1 operated on for this condition by the senior author (R.G.P.) (group 1) underwent repairs with this technique. All ten @entity1 operated on by other surgeons in our center (group 2) underwent repairs in which the stoma was moved, the fascia was directly repaired through a parastomal incision, or the fascia was repaired via a midline incision. No @entity1 in group 1 had recurrences while five @entity1 in group 2 had recurrences. Neither group developed strictures or stomal prolapse. Our method of repair is technically easy and has excellent results. It is especially suitable in very large @entity547 in which incisional @entity547 is likely in the original stoma site if the stoma is moved.

title: Repair of XXXX using @entity7502 mesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias', 'Parastomal hernias', 'parastomal hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['parastomal hernias']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to review recent literature on mini-invasive surgical technique for the treatment of female stress @entity322 (SUI). Surgical aspects, intraoperative and perioperative complications and objective and subjective outcomes were analyzed and compared. METHODS: The PubMed databank from 2000 to February 2007 was searched for original prospective and randomized studies in English, on surgical treatment of female SUI, which avoided a laparotomic access to the female pelvis. Studies had to investigate at least 40 @entity1 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 38 prospective studies were found: 27 of them were on mid-urethral slings; 8 assessed urethral injections; and 3 radiofrequency treatment. Fifteen studies were randomized. Follow-ups ranged from 12 to 60 months, except for sexual function which had a 6-month follow-up. Ten out of 38 studies assessed @entity1 who did not refer pelvic organ prolapse or detrusor overactivity and had not undergone any previous anti- @entity322 procedure. CONCLUSION: Mid-urethral slings showed good outcomes and are safe and brief to perform and have a relatively short learning curve. Urethral injections showed discouraging results, as they have poor outcomes and repetitive treatments are frequently necessary. Injections can be used in @entity1 with contraindications to major surgical procedures, with @entity1690 as the main cause of @entity322 . Radiofrequency showed worse results than mid-urethral slings and is a valuable choice in @entity1 who refuse more invasive procedures. The development of studies with longer follow-ups on mini-invasive surgical techniques are encouraged.

title: Mini-invasive techniques for the treatment of female stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: @entity56 are frequently exacerbated between midnight and early morning, suggesting a role for the biological @entity16067 . Mast cells (MC) and eosinophils are the main effector cells of @entity56 and some MC-specific or eosinophil-specific markers, such as tryptase or @entity11153 , exhibit circadian variation. Here, we analysed whether the circadian @entity16067 is functional in @entity19 and @entity1 eosinophils and MC. @entity19 jejunal MC and polymorphonuclear cells from peripheral blood (PMNC) were isolated around the circadian cycle. @entity1 eosinophils were purified from peripheral blood of non-allergic and allergic subjects. @entity1 MC were purified from intestinal tissue. We found a rhythmic expression of the @entity16067 genes @entity14733 , @entity17989 , @entity14731 and @entity14734 and eosinophil-specific genes mEcp, mEpo and @entity10927 in @entity19 PMNC. We also found circadian variations for @entity307 , @entity5394 , @entity8713 , @entity16067 , hEdn and @entity11153 mRNA and @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ) in @entity1 eosinophils of both healthy and allergic @entity1 . @entity16067 genes @entity14733 , @entity17989 , @entity14731 and @entity14734 and MC-specific genes mMcpt-5, mMcpt-7, mc-kit and mFc  RI a-chain and protein levels of @entity18798 and mc-Kit showed robust oscillation in @entity19 jejunum. @entity1 intestinal MC expressed @entity307 , @entity5394 and @entity8713 as well as hTryptase and hFc  RI a-chain, in a circadian manner. We found that pre-stored @entity112 and de novo synthesized cysteinyl leukotrienes, were released in a circadian manner by MC following IgE-mediated activation. In summary, the biological @entity16067 controls MC and eosinophils leading to circadian expression and release of their mediators and, hence it might be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity566 .

title: The circadian XXXX is functional in eosinophils and mast cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['hEcp', 'ECP', 'eosinophil cationic protein']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Mouse', 'mouse', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'Allergic diseases']

answer: @entity16067 :: (9575,Gene) :: ['clock']


abstract: AIM: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of @entity18573 with enteric-coated @entity2983 in inducing endoscopic remission in @entity1 with mild to moderate active @entity31 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with mild to moderate active @entity31 were randomized to receive either @entity18573 , 3 g/day (n = 88), or @entity2983 , 3 g/day (n = 80), for up to 12 weeks. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 treated with @entity18573 , 52.2% achieved endoscopic remission, compared with 48.8% of @entity1 treated with @entity2983 . This difference was not significant (P = 0.67). There was a nonsignificant trend for @entity1 with left-sided @entity1960 or a more severe endoscopic grade to achieve remission if they were treated with @entity18573 than if they were treated with @entity2983 . Both treatments were comparable with respect to clinical activity index and an investigator's global assessment. Seventy @entity1 reported one or more adverse events; adverse events were seen in 45% of @entity18573 -treated @entity1 and in 36% of @entity2983 -treated @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 treated with @entity18573 and nine @entity1 treated with @entity2983 withdrew from the study because of adverse events. One @entity1 treated with @entity18573 compared with two treated with @entity2983 stopped treatment because of @entity294 . Serious adverse events occurred in three @entity1 treated with @entity18573 and in four treated with @entity2983 . CONCLUSION: Therapeutic effectiveness and tolerance to the treatment did not differ between @entity18573 , 3 g/day, and @entity2983 , 3 g/day, in inducing endoscopic remission in @entity1 with mild to moderate active @entity31 within 12 weeks of treatment.

title: @entity18573 versus @entity2983 in the treatment of mild to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity18573 :: ('MESH:C032587', 'Chemical') :: ['olsalazine sodium']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Eighteen years of experience with cervical screening in the Center for Social Gynecology in Marseilles has demonstrated the existence of a group at high risk of @entity3799 . Its characteristics are early initiation of sexual activity, @entity2953 , sexual promiscuity, and an unfavorable socioeconomic environment. @entity1613 are sometimes observed before the age of 18. Pap tests are done during preabortion consultations at the Center except in very young @entity1 , those who are too emotionally distressed, and those with @entity32 from vaginitis. The test may be done before the abortion because in the first trimester the cells do not yet show changes that would interfere with interpretation of the Pap smear. Bleeding after the abortion interferes with reading the slide. Results of 405 Pap tests conducted during a reference period from August 1992 to July 1993 among @entity1 seeking abortions at the Center for Social Gynecology were compared to those of 1601 @entity1 undergoing gynecological examinations at two other centers. Among @entity1 at the Center for Social Gynecology and the other two centers respectively, 3.5% and 1.4% were diagnosed with @entity6205 , 1.5% and 1.2% with @entity1141 , and 1.25% and 0.5% with @entity6205 and @entity1141 . During the reference period, only 20% of @entity1 were screened. The number of lesions detected suggests that a higher proportion of @entity1 should be screened in this population of @entity1 often lacking regular medical care.

title: [Demand for abortion. Detection of cervical cancer and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammations']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease']

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['condylomas']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['Precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['precancerous lesions']


abstract: As in other pathological processes of the heart, the contribution of @entity7994 is not limited to optimal anatomical evaluation but also offers functional or etiological information (approach of tissue characterization). In this work we report on our experience in evaluating normal and pathological pericardium with @entity7994 @entity7959 echo sequences. The results with 41 @entity1 , including @entity2294 , thickening, and mass are discussed and confronted with previously reported data. Contrary to classical echocardiographic notions, @entity2294 are more frequently in the anterior than posterior location (26/30 vs. 19/30 p less than 0.03). Not only does @entity7994 provide a precise and positive diagnosis, but also a rather clear distinction appears in @entity7959 echo sequences between @entity2294 with high signal intensity and other effusions with lower signal (high intensity found in 6/6 @entity1 with @entity2294 versus only 8/24 in the remaining group; p less than 0.01). When constriction signs are present, @entity7994 solves the difficult differential diagnosis between pericardial thickening and @entity296 . In paracardiac primary or @entity3 pericardial involvement is clearly demonstrated. Distinction between paracardiac, respectively pericardial cyst or false @entity439 is possible. We conclude that @entity7994 is a new imaging method, complementary to echocardiography and/or computed tomography in the evaluation of pericardial pathology especially when @entity2294 , @entity3822 , or @entity5 etiologies are suspected. Important technological improvements are needed to solve the problem of long acquisition time and to improve the possibilities of tissue discrimination.

title: XXXX echo @entity7994 in the evaluation of pericardial disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['hemopericardium', 'pericardial effusions', 'pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumoral']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity7959 :: (10927,Gene) :: ['Spin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity1 with large @entity1615 has been associated with increased surgical complexity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether surgical correction of larger @entity1615 increased the utilization of health-care resources and to identify potential predictors associated with increased perioperative health-care resource utilization. METHODS: A nested cohort of @entity1 with @entity1615 with @entity23498 and 1B curves were identified from a prospective longitudinal multicenter database. Four perioperative outcomes were selected as the primary health-care resource utilization outcomes of interest: operative time, number of vertebral levels instrumented, duration of hospitalization, and allogeneic blood transfusion. The effect of curve magnitude on these outcomes was assessed with use of univariate and multivariate regression. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty-five @entity1 with a mean age of 15    2 years were included. The mean main thoracic curve was 54.4      7.8  . Larger curves were associated with longer operative time (p = 0.03), a greater number of vertebral levels instrumented (p = 0.0005), and the need for blood transfusion (with every 10   increase associated with 1.5 times higher odds of receiving a transfusion). In addition to curve magnitude, surgical center, bone graft method, and upper and lower instrumented levels were strong predictors of operative time (R2 = 0.76). The duration of hospitalization was influenced by the surgical center and intraoperative @entity190 (R2 < 0.4), whereas the number of levels instrumented was influenced by the curve magnitude, curve correction percentage, @entity5788 , and surgical center (R2 = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: Correction of larger curves was associated with increased utilization of perioperative health-care resources, specifically longer operative time, a greater number of vertebral levels instrumented, and higher odds of receiving a blood transfusion.

title: Is larger scoliosis curve magnitude associated with increased perioperative health-care resource utilization?: a multicenter analysis of 325 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5788 :: ('MESH:C562952', 'Disease') :: ['upper instrumented vertebra']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves']


abstract: Importance: Late toxic effects are common after definitive radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for @entity5 and are considered a significant contributor to decreased quality of life for survivors. The incidence of severe late toxic effects may be reduced by modern narrow-margin image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT), current supportive care improvements, and the changing epidemiology of @entity5 . Objective: Assess the incidence of severe late toxic effects after modern definitive non-operative treatment for @entity5 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : For this single-institution retrospective review, 156 @entity1 with stage I-IVB @entity957 of the oropharynx treated between April 2009 and February 2015 at a tertiary-referral academic multidisciplinary head and neck practice were recruited. Interventions: Definitive narrow-margin IG-IMRT to a dose of 66 Gy (to convert milligray to rad, multiply by 0.1) or higher with or without concurrent @entity900 . Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the prospectively collected 2-year cumulative incidence of severe late toxic effects (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or higher) occurring 3 months or more after radiotherapy. Toxic effect end points investigated included esophageal stricture requiring dilation, @entity1174 hospitalization, @entity10107 , delayed feeding tube insertions, and @entity7190 . Feeding tube dependence at 1 year was also considered a severe late toxic effect. Secondary outcomes collected include physician-reported grade 2 or higher neck @entity82 and @entity2133 . The competing risks of recurrence and @entity204 were accounted for using the Gray method. Results: One-hundred fifty-six @entity1 (median [range] age, 58 [37-96] years) were identified; 130 @entity1 (83%) were HPV positive. Concurrent @entity900 was delivered in 131 @entity1 (84%) and 5 @entity1 (3%) underwent an adjuvant neck dissection. The median (range) follow-up for survivors was 22 (4-73) months from diagnosis. The projected 2-year locoregional control was 93% (95% CI, 88.4%-97.6%) and overall survival was 88% (95% CI, 82.2%-94.0%). Thirty-eight @entity1 (23%) required a feeding tube during treatment. The cumulative incidence of severe late toxic effects adjusted for competing risks at 2-year posttreatment was 2.3% (95% CI, 0%-5.6%). One @entity1 required free-flap reconstruction for grade 3 @entity7190 at 47 months. At 1 year, 2 @entity1 (1%) experienced grade 2 neck @entity82 and 38 @entity1 (23%) experienced grade 2 @entity2133 . Conclusions and Relevance: These results suggest that severe late toxic effects after modern definitive IG-IMRT, with or without @entity900 , for @entity5 is likely uncommon. The importance of late toxic effect reduction in current and future investigational strategies, including clinical trials, should be considered.

title: Modern Image-Guided Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for XXXX and Severe Late Toxic Effects: Implications for Clinical Trial Design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharynx cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['vocal dysfunction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Oropharynx Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the formation and rates of @entity3236 ( @entity3236 ) in eyes with @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) versus @entity1346 intraocular lenses (IOLs) using an in vivo objective method. SETTING: Taipei Municipal Yang-Ming Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 40 eyes with senile @entity231 receiving phacoemulsification with capsular implantation of an IOL from March to April 1997. The uneventful surgeries were performed using the stop and chop method by the same surgeon. Twenty eyes received a @entity4625 IOL (Pharmacia 812A) and 20, a @entity1346 IOL (AMO SI-30NB). One year later, digital retroillumination images taken with the EAS-1000 anterior segment analysis system (Nidek) were used to analyze posterior capsule transparency over the central 3.0 and 5.0 mm optic zones and evaluate the degree of @entity3236 over the central and peripheral zones. RESULTS: Over the central 5.0 mm optic zone, mean transparency of the capsule was 87.71% +/- 11.35% (SD) in the @entity1346 group and 79.22% +/- 21.10% in the @entity4625 group (P = .17). Over the central 3.0 mm optic zone, the means were 97.17% +/- 5.96% and 86.32% +/- 19.60%, respectively (P = .048). Mean opacity in the central zone was 75.18 +/- 13.22 digital opacity units (OUs) in the @entity1346 group and 80.24 +/- 7.93 OUs in the @entity4625 group (P = .18). The means in the peripheral zone were 88.49 +/- 18.47 OUs and 90.35 +/- 9.98 OUs, respectively (P = .71). CONCLUSION: The posterior capsule in the @entity1346 IOL group was more transparent than in the @entity4625 IOL group over the central 3.0 mm optic zone after 1 year follow-up.

title: Digital retroilluminated photography to analyze XXXX in eyes with intraocular lenses.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PMMA', 'poly(methyl methacrylate)']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsule opacification', 'PCO']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity3236 :: (MESH:D058442,Disease) :: ['posterior capsule opacification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is highly effective with a low complication rate. However, lesions created by RF energy are irreversible, inhomogeneous, and therefore potentially proarrhythmic. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the magnitude and importance of long-term proarrhythmic effects of RF energy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 1991 and 1995, 120 @entity1 underwent RF ablation for @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ). @entity1 data were collected by contacting @entity1 and/or filling out a questionnaire, and medical files were screened for recurrent, documented @entity943 , pharmacological treatment, and repeated EP study. Referring cardiologists were asked about recurrences of @entity591 . Fourteen @entity1 (11%) were lost to follow-up. During a mean follow-up of 10 years, six @entity1 died. Recurrences of @entity2917 were not any more observed after 3 years after ablation. A total of 29 @entity1 (24%) suffered from new @entity943 , 6 from type 1 @entity956 , 6 from @entity591 , 9 from @entity955 , and finally 16 from symptomatic premature @entity11706 (PACs), needing medical treatment or a combination of these @entity943 . Nine @entity1 underwent pacemaker implantation, 4 after developing procedural atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances, 2 after His ablation for permanent @entity955 , 1 @entity1 for @entity1817 , and another 2 @entity1 after developing late @entity713 , respectively, 7 and 9 years after ablation. CONCLUSION: During long-term follow-up after RF ablation for @entity2917 , no @entity2917 recurrences were observed, but 29 @entity1 (24%) suffered from new @entity943 or late @entity713 . This potential proarrhythmic effect of RF energy promotes the application of alternative energy sources for ablative therapies for @entity943 .

title: Ten year follow-up after radiofrequency catheter ablation for XXXX in the early days forever cured, or a source for new @entity943 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['AVNRT', 'atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial contractions']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2917 :: (MESH:D013611,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia']


abstract: We report a 63-year-old male case of @entity2883 . His complaints were cough and fever, and chest X-ray showed subpleural infiltrative opacities in the bilateral lungs and small nodular lesions in the middle portion of the right lung. He had been treated as bacterial @entity55 at another hospital without any improvement and was referred to this hospital. Chest CT scan disclosed several small nodular lesions in the subpleural region of the right lung, consolidation in the posterior mediastinum, and the left @entity1143 . Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed inflammatory granulation with predominantly lymphocytes and @entity39 in the peribronchiolar region. Although these findings suggested @entity2883 , open lung biopsy was performed because both antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and antibodies to @entity7134 were negative and ear, nose, and @entity854 were not found. Pathologic findings consisted mainly of @entity32 with lymphocytes, histiocytes, and multinucleated giant cells, and @entity1333 with @entity39 . Furthermore, the @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity3170 by an ophthalmologist. No renal involvement was found. Standard treatment with @entity786 and glucocorticoid resulted in marked improvement within a couple of weeks, and the @entity1 was in complete remission eight months after initiation of therapy. This case is of interest in that the distribution of lesions was not typical and ANCA was negative.

title: [A case of @entity2883 with @entity3170 , mediastinal lesions, and XXXX and without serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['micro-necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['throat abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral episcleritis']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: Infantile @entity234 associated @entity9058 ( @entity9058 ) is a rare clinicopathological entity, difficult to diagnose and fatal if untreated. The diagnosis should be considered in young @entity1 with @entity221 and @entity381 . We report two cases of @entity9058 caused by @entity234 . In the first case, a 3-month-old @entity1 was admitted with @entity221 and @entity3043 , leading to the diagnosis of @entity9058 based on complete clinical and biological features including hemophagocytosis on bone marrow smears. Investigations for an underlying genetic, @entity209 and an infectious trigger were negative. Primary or @entity74 was suspected and immunosuppressive treatment ( @entity230 and @entity205 ) was instituted. A second bone marrow examination performed 1 month later revealed leishmania. The @entity1 was treated with liposomal @entity2379 and recovered rapidly. In the second case, a 10-year-old @entity1 was hospitalized with @entity221 , @entity3043 , and a @entity5 . He had a history of recurrent infections. The bone marrow biopsy showed leishmania and treatment with liposomal @entity2379 was delivered. After 3 days of treatment, the improvement was judged inadequate and the @entity1 presented biological signs of @entity9058 . He was treated with @entity230 . An underlying @entity465 (interleukin-12/interferon-y @entity74 ) was secondarily diagnosed.

title: [Infantile XXXX , an etiology of easily curable @entity9058 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['HLH', 'hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumoral syndrome']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic hemophagocytic syndrome', 'axis disorder']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To research for the ideal treatment of isolated @entity3029 with the elbow after reduction. METHODS: 36 @entity1 of isolated @entity3029 after closed reduction (male 26, female 10; left 14, right 22; dominant extremity 21, undominant extremity 15; average age 22) were examined by varus and valgus stress test and push-draw test. Satisfactory stability from 30 degrees to 130 degrees flexion of the elbow was found in all @entity1 . For the 30 @entity1 below 35 years old, long-arm posterior splint was applied to immobilize the @entity2720 at 90 degrees flexion and pronation for one week. For 6 @entity1 over 35 years old, we only immobilized the @entity2720 for 3 to 5 days with a neck-wrist sling. Prompt active motion begin after the swelling and @entity158 reduced slightly, but the last 30 extension was not allowed for the first 1 to 2 weeks. Forceful passive motion and stretching of the @entity2720 were avoided in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The average follow-up time was 9 months (3 - 15 months). Range of motion and muscle power were regained within 3 - 4 months. 32 @entity1 rehabilitated completely and 4 of the 6 @entity1 decreased extension for 5 degrees - 10 degrees. No unstable symptoms and signs or recurrent dislocation were found. No ectopic calcification or post-traumatic arthritic changes were found on X-ray follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The ulna-humeral joint is one of the most highly constrained joints in the body with intrinsic stability. Bony structure is stable enough to allow for capsular and ligamental structure healing, even during active motion. For isolated @entity3029 joint, short-term immobilization and early functional exercise are desirable. Elbow instability and recurrent dislocation are rare and do not necessitate long-term strict immobilization.

title: [Does simple XXXX necessitate strict immobilization?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joint']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['posterior dislocation', 'posterior dislocation of the elbow']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['posterior dislocation of the elbow']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity454 ) is a preferred option in dealing with these chronically ill @entity1 . The pediatric renal transplant program at University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine was begun in 1986 at St. Luke's Hospital and subsequently shifted to the @entity1 's Mercy Hospital as experience was accumulated. To date 35 transplants have been performed in 31 recipients. Fifty-one per cent of the @entity1 transplanted were adolescents (older than 13 years) and 91% of the @entity1 were older than 4 years. Sixteen of the 35 transplants were from living related donors and 19 @entity1 received their kidneys from cadaveric donors. Immunosuppression consisted of @entity288 , @entity500 , @entity205 and antilymphoblast globulin. No @entity1 died following transplantation with a functioning kidney. Allograft survival with living related transplants at one year and three years was 91% and 86% respectively. Cadaveric allograft survival at one year and three years was 78% and 46% respectively. Most kidneys were lost due to either acute or chronic rejection although there were three @entity1 who lost their kidney due to primary nonfunction, including one @entity1 age 23 months. The growth pattern of all but the youngest @entity1 (< or = 2 years) following transplantation showed no evidence of accelerated growth. Results in this early series of pediatric renal transplant @entity1 is encouraging from the standpoint of @entity1 and allograft survival and even though accelerated growth is not seen in the older @entity1 , it seems to offer a better quality of life for @entity1 with @entity454 .

title: A seven year experience with kidney transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal transplantation for pediatric end stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['pediatric end stage renal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Analysis of effects of non-operative treatment of @entity892 complicating @entity231 surgery with IOL implantation or secondary IOL implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 22 @entity1 with @entity892 occurring after @entity231 surgery with IOL implantation or secondary IOL implantation were enrolled into the study. Only the @entity1 who were not eligible for surgery or declined surgical treatment, were included. Each @entity1 had complete ophthalmic and orthoptic examination with Hess-screen-test and prism alternate cover tests. Predicting factors of persistent @entity892 were determined. RESULTS: The therapy consisted of prism correction in 77.3% of @entity1 and prism with botulin toxin injections in 9.1% of @entity1 . In two @entity1 @entity892 persisted due to cyclotrophia and decentration of IOL, and these @entity1 were eventually treated surgically. The treatment was succesful in 72.7% of @entity1 in whom single vision was achieved. In 18.2% of @entity1 occasional @entity892 was found and in 9.1% the therapy was not effective. Disorders precipitated by prolonged @entity231 --related occlusion and uncorrected @entity4118 , disorders resulting from surgical @entity130 to extraocular muscles (retrobulbar or peribulbar anesthesia) and preexisting complications of ocular alignment, all predict related persistent @entity892 after IOL implantation. CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity231 surgery with IOL and secondary IOL implantation should be performed before the loss of binocular function. (2) Retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia may cause surgical @entity130 , therefore topical anesthesia is recomended. (3) Prism correction (with or without botulin toxin injection) is an effective therapy.

title: [Nonoperative treatment of XXXX after IOL implantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['muscular trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity892 :: (MESH:D004172,Disease) :: ['diplopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is the aim of this study to describe both the relationship between age and prevalence as well as age and 5-year incidence of @entity725 ( @entity725 ) for a homogeneous population cohort. The result of the regression model for the prevalence are compared with the models of Tuck-Crick and Quigley-Vitale. In addition, estimations for the number of 5-year incidence cases of @entity725 are provided for individuals at the age of 40-80 years in Austria for the years in 2001-2006, 2010-2015, 2020-2025 and 2030-2035. @entity1 AND METHODS: The "Salzburg Moorfields @entity726 Study" (SMCGS) is embedded in a government-supported @entity726 prevention programme in Salzburg county, Austria, which is designed for a screening and follow-up period of at least 10 years. Each subject receives a complete ophthalmological examination. In total, the findings of 853 subjects are analysed and evaluated applying the guidelines of the @entity726 society. RESULTS: The results of the regression analysis for the prevalences are in good agreement with the models of Tuck-Crick and Quigley-Vitale. The best correlation was found for individuals between 40 and 80 years of age. The 5-year incidences increase is statistically significant (p < 0.001) with increasing age: the 5-year incidences of individuals at the age of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 years are 0.07 % (95 % confidence interval: 0.005 - 0.9 %), 0.2 % (0.04 - 1.2 %), 0.7 % (0.3 - 1.9 %), 2.3 % (1 - 5.2 %) and 6.9 % (1.7 - 24.0 %), respectively. CONCLUSION: The age-dependent prevalences in this @entity726 screening program are in good agreement with the regression models of Tuck-Crick and Quigley-Vitale, especially in the age range of 40 - 80 years. The model for the 5-year incidences describes the tight relationship between age and 5-year risk for @entity725 . We estimate the number of new @entity725 cases in Austria in 2001-2006, 2010-2015, 2020-2025 and 2030-2035 at the age between 40 and 80 years to reach 49 100, 52 100, 62 000 and 69 600 @entity1 , respectively.

title: [On the relationship between age and prevalence and/or incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma in the "Salzburg-Moorfields XXXX Study"].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'glaucoma blindness', 'European glaucoma', 'Collaborative Glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Collaborative Glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity11162 is a clinicopathological entity characterised by protracted watery @entity294 and an increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the surface epithelium of the colonic mucosa. This report describes two @entity1 with symptoms similar to those of @entity11162 and an increased number of IELs, but within the cryptal epithelium. METHODS: The numbers of IELs were assessed in colorectal biopsies from the two @entity1 . Sections were stained immunohistochemically for CD3, @entity405 , @entity2225 , and @entity13433 . RESULTS: The colorectal biopsies had an abnormally high number of IELs in the epithelium of the crypts but not in the surface epithelium. The IELs in the crypts were CD3+++, @entity405 +, @entity13433 +, and @entity2225 -. CONCLUSIONS: The histological diagnosis in these two @entity1 was @entity2214 . @entity1 with similar symptoms and an increased number of IELs in the surface epithelium are now filed at this department as having surface @entity2214 . Immunohistochemistry showed that the cryptal IELs were cytotoxic suppressor T cells. Interestingly, a case of @entity11162 was recently recorded in a non- @entity1 primate dying after years of protracted chronic @entity294 . It is possible that antigens present in the lumen of the crypts elicit a lymphocytic reaction within the cryptal cells.

title: @entity2214 : a new phenotype of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphocytic colitis', 'cryptal lymphocytic colitis', 'lymphocytic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic coloproctitis', 'cryptal lymphocytic coloproctitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

answer: @entity11162 :: (MESH:D046730,Disease) :: ['lymphocytic colitis']


abstract: The unique pharmacokinetic properties of @entity1937 make it a potentially useful adjuvant during general anesthesia for ambulatory surgery. @entity3575 , inexpensive and easy to administer, is the most common opioid used for this purpose. As an adjuvant to general anesthesia for outpatient gynecologic surgery, we questioned if @entity1937 was cost-effective as an alternative to @entity3575 . Thirty-four @entity1 undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy or hysteroscopy were prospectively and randomly assigned to a standard practice (n = 18) or a study (n = 16) group. Standard practice @entity1 received @entity3575 (3 microg/kg) before induction; study @entity1 received @entity1937 by continuous infusion (0.5 microg x kg. @entity1009 ) at induction, then 0.2 microg x kg x @entity1009 )). @entity2614 was titrated to a Bispectral index value of 40-55. We investigated recovery profiles, @entity1 and health care professional satisfaction, and drug costs. The incidence of rescue antiemetic treatment (2 of 16 vs. 8 of 18; P = 0.013) and the @entity390 visual analog scale scores during second stage recovery (0.2 vs. 0.6; P = 0.044) were more frequent in the study group. However, the incidence of intraoperative adverse events and other postoperative sequelae, recovery times, @entity158 and @entity390 visual analog scale scores, opioid analgesic dosage requirements in the postanesthetic care unit, and satisfaction survey responses were similar between groups. Perioperative drug costs per @entity1 were  17.72 more in the @entity1937 (vs. @entity3575 ) group.

title: A comparison of the cost-effectiveness of @entity1937 versus XXXX as an adjuvant to general anesthesia for outpatient gynecologic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']