abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of two adjuvant therapy regimens in improving surgical cure rates in stage III (Dukes stage C) @entity694 . DESIGN: Randomized, concurrently controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Major @entity5 centers, universities, and community clinics affiliated with the North Cancer Treatment Group, the Southwest Oncology Group, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. @entity1 : Those who had had curative-intent resections of @entity5 in the previous 1 to 5 weeks. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were assigned to observation only, to @entity7305 alone (50 mg orally three times/d for 3 days, repeated every 2 weeks for 1 year), or to this regimen of @entity7305 plus @entity1487 (450 mg/m2 body surface area intravenously daily for 5 days and then, beginning at 28 days, weekly for 48 weeks). MEASUREMENTS: Rates of @entity5 recurrence and @entity204 . Early- and late-treatment side effects. RESULTS: With all 929 eligible @entity1 able to be followed for 5 years or more (median follow-up, 6.5 years), @entity1487 plus @entity7305 reduced the recurrence rate by 40% (P < 0.0001) and the @entity204 rate by 33% (P = 0.0007). @entity7305 reduced the recurrence rate by only 2% and the @entity204 rate by only 6%. With few exceptions, @entity137 was mild and @entity1 compliance was excellent. No evidence of late side effects was seen. CONCLUSION: @entity1487 plus @entity7305 is tolerable adjuvant therapy to surgery; it has been confirmed to substantially increase cure rates for @entity1 with high-risk (stage III) @entity694 . It should be considered standard treatment for all such @entity1 not entered into clinical trials.

title: @entity1487 plus @entity7305 as effective adjuvant therapy after resection of XXXX : a final report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['Levamisole', 'levamisole']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil', 'Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III colon carcinoma']


abstract: We have discovered modified fucosylation of alpha 1-antitrypsin (F-AT) in the sera of @entity43 @entity1 . This was detected by @entity214 /electrophoresis and @entity575 -staining after extracting the sera with the fucose-binding lectin, Lotus tetragonolobus, and was identified as alpha 1-antitrypsin by Western blotting. Initially, high F-AT levels appeared to be related to the recurrence of @entity5 , but later measurements showed that elevated levels were also present in @entity1 who did not respond to therapy. Using an arbitrary grading system, the level of F-AT was assessed in pairs of sera from 29 @entity43 @entity1 undergoing therapy; one specimen collected just after the start of therapy and the other on a later occasion. In 75% of the 15 non-responders, F-AT was higher when measured on a second occasion; whereas in 86% of the 14 responders the second measurement was either unchanged or lower, being frequently undetectable. F-AT levels were also low or undetectable in sera from healthy @entity1 . Eight responders were monitored for F-AT throughout @entity786 chemotherapy. Despite a high @entity5 burden at the start of therapy, all @entity1 had relatively low levels of F-AT and this was maintained throughout remission; the levels only becoming elevated with the recurrence of @entity5 growth. Increased F-AT expression did not appear to be particularly associated with the presence of liver @entity3 and frequently predated any clinical signs of a recurrence. The interesting characteristics of these molecules could make them useful in the management of @entity43 .

title: Fucosylated forms of alpha-1-antitrypsin that predict unresponsiveness to chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalences of @entity627 in Aboriginal Australians. METHODS: The methodology of the Community Oriented Program for the Control of @entity627 (COPCORD) was followed. Everyone aged 15 years or older in Yarrabah, North Queensland, was invited to complete a COPCORD Core Questionnaire. Aboriginal health workers carried out a house-to-house survey during January 2002. @entity1 reporting current @entity85 and 56 others (controls) were examined at the community health center. RESULTS: Eighty percent of the target population was covered during the survey. Eight hundred and forty-seven questionnaires were completed (47% @entity1 ) and 135 @entity1 refused, a response of 86%. Rheumatic symptoms within the previous 7 days were reported by 33% and past symptoms by 22%. The most common sites of current @entity158 were low back (12.5%), knee (11.2%), and shoulder (8.9%). Sixty-seven @entity1 (7.7%) said activities were limited by their symptoms. Two hundred and sixty-three @entity1 were examined, and the most common diagnoses were soft tissue @entity158 (point prevalence 7.4%), @entity571 (5.5%), and @entity1643 (4.3%). The cumulative prevalence of @entity210 was 7.0% in @entity1 and 0.9% in @entity1 over the age of 15 years. The relative risk of @entity210 associated with drinking regularly was 2.5, and with body mass index > 25 was 3.3. No @entity309 or @entity1252 cases were identified, but there were 4 cases of @entity5144 (point prevalence 0.5%). CONCLUSION: This is the first unselected population study of @entity627 in Australian Aboriginals. There was a high prevalence of @entity210 among @entity1 , with modifiable factors of weight and @entity167 identified.

title: XXXX in an Australian Aboriginal community in North Queensland, Australia. A WHO-ILAR COPCORD survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic Diseases', 'rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['Rheumatic disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5517 with @entity3307 ) sets off an inflammatory reaction in the @entity267 which leads to both @entity778 clearance as well as chronic lesions that are orchestrated by @entity404 T cells. Approaches that enhance the function of regulatory T cells (Treg) and dampen effector T cells can be effective to limit @entity1036 ( @entity1036 ) lesion severity. In this report, we have explored the novel approach of inhibiting DNA methyltransferase activity using @entity2591 ( @entity5538 analog) to limit @entity3307 induced @entity3217 . We show that therapy begun after @entity281 when @entity778 was no longer actively replicating resulted in the pronounced reduction in lesion severity with markedly diminished numbers of T cells and non-lymphoid inflammatory cells along with reduced cytokine mediators. The remaining inflammatory reactions had a change in ratio of @entity404 @entity403 +Treg to effector Th1 @entity404 T cells in @entity3217 and lymphoid tissues with Treg becoming predominant over the effectors. In addition, compared to controls, Treg from Aza treated @entity19 showed more suppressor activity in vitro and expressed higher levels of activation molecules. Additionally, cells induced in vitro in the presence of Aza showed epigenetic differences in the Treg Specific Demethylated Region (TSDR) of @entity403 and were more stable when exposed to inflammatory cytokines. Our results show that therapy with Aza is an effective means of controlling a @entity778 -induced inflammatory reaction and may act mainly by the effects on Treg. IMPORTANCE: @entity3307 @entity281 has been shown to initiate an inflammatory reaction in the @entity16922 to @entity3145 and @entity1018 . The inflammatory reaction is orchestrated by @entity379 secreting Th1 cells and regulatory T cells play a protective role. Hence, novel therapeutics that can rebalance the ratio of regulatory T cells to effectors is a relevant issue. This study opens up a new avenue in treating HSV induced @entity16892 by increasing the stability and function of regulatory T cells using DNA Methyltransferase inhibitor- @entity2591 (Aza). Aza increased the function of regulatory T cells leading to its enhanced suppressive activity and diminished lesions. Hence, therapy with Aza which acts mainly by the effects on Treg can be an effective means to control @entity778 induced inflammatory lesions.

title: @entity2591 treatment inhibits the progression of Herpes XXXX by enhancing regulatory T cell function.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Azacytidine']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['SK', 'Stromal Keratitis']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity16922 :: ('MESH:D020265', 'Disease') :: ['cornea leading']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1', 'HSV-1']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['Stromal Keratitis']


abstract: @entity378 is relative uncommon in developed countries. The incidence is still considerable in India, in the Middle East and South America. Neurosurgically important manifestations of @entity378 are @entity6550 , @entity1906 with @entity1276 and @entity1511 . Therefore experiences in the management of these three kinds of neurotuberculosis are described and an overview of the literature is given. The diagnosis of @entity6550 is difficult because the symptoms are similar to those of many other types of @entity5 and the CT-findings are unspecific. Clinical recognition of neurotuberculosis rests mainly on the evidence of the general disease. A positive skin test supports the diagnosis. The management of @entity6551 enclosed stereotactic biopsy to confirm the diagnosis, medical treatment and surgery. But surgery is only indicated for larger symptomatic mass lesions producing midline shift and severe @entity428 . With antituberculous drugs treated @entity6551 begin to decrease in size within the first two months of therapy. @entity1276 is a common complication of @entity1906 . Due to the low incidence the first diagnosis in industrialized countries is a @entity1276 of unknown origin. The diagnosis of @entity1906 is suspected in any case of subacute @entity693 with a CSF profile demonstrating a predominance of lymphocytes, elevated protein value, hypoglycaemia and negative stains for @entity364 , because positive smears for acid-fast bacilli are seldom. Without treatment, @entity1906 is invariably fatal within 4 to 6 weeks. Therefore, when ever @entity1906 is suspected, antituberculous therapy must be started.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX of the CNS--once again a current neurosurgical disease].

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculomas']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tumor']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal organisms']

entities_list: @entity6550 :: ('MESH:D016862', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial tuberculomas']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: Serum from 3 of 4 @entity1 with classical @entity5011 has produced conduction block in a large proportion of motor axons following subperineurial injection into 13 @entity35 sciatic nerves. These effects, although qualitatively similar to those previously described for certain experimental sera (EAN, EAE, and anti-Gal-Cer), are notably slower in evolution. Conduction block does not begin until more than 24 hours after injection and is maximal at about 5 days. Between 6 and 8 days the appearance of long latency responses signals return of conduction in previously blocked axons. Thereafter return to control values is rapid and complete within 10 to 15 days. Six control @entity1 sera injected into 13 sciatic nerves have shown no comparable effect. Correlative morphological studies indicate that these Guillain-Barr   sera produce focal @entity17 which evolves pari passu with conduction block. @entity17 appears to evolve both by @entity952 and by macrophage mediated myelin stripping. A factor is present in the serum of some @entity1 with @entity5011 , which given access to the endoneurial environment produces active @entity17 with conduction block. We believe that the production of this factor could be responsible for the @entity8954 of this disease.

title: [Electrophysiological and morphological effects of the injection of Guillain-Barr   sera in the sciatic nerve of the XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['Demyelination', 'demyelination']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular disruption']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of novel @entity2704 therapies has been slow, in part because of the small number of clinically relevant animal models. We have recently developed a new @entity19 model of chronic @entity2704 using chronic intermittent @entity1242 , a known @entity1 @entity2704 trigger. The objective of this study was to validate this model by testing known and potential @entity2704 -preventive treatments. METHODS: Migraine therapies were administered to male and female @entity19 for 11 days. On day 3, @entity19 were tested with @entity1242 every second day for nine days. Basal and @entity1242 -evoked mechanical @entity56 was evaluated using von Frey filaments. RESULTS: Chronic intermittent @entity1242 produced acute @entity1931 with each administration, and progressive and sustained basal @entity56 . The established preventive @entity2704 therapy @entity1169 effectively blocked the development of acute and chronic @entity1242 -induced @entity1931 , while @entity1092 had no effect. Potential @entity2704 -preventive therapies were also tested: @entity6478 inhibited @entity1242 -induced acute and chronic @entity1931 ; while @entity3393 was ineffective. We also tested the acute @entity2704 therapy @entity9251 , which did not alter @entity1242 -induced @entity1931 , but instead resulted in acute and chronic @entity1931 similar to that observed following @entity1242 administration. CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes the chronic @entity1242 model as an additional screening tool to test novel @entity2704 -preventive therapies.

title: The effects of acute and preventive @entity2704 therapies in a XXXX model of chronic @entity2704 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We encountered a @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with peritoneal dissemination and needle tract implantation, both of which were strongly suspected to have been caused by percutaneous needle biopsy. The @entity1 was a 65-year-old @entity1 . Partial hepatectomy of subsegment VI had been performed following the diagnosis of @entity157 by percutaneous needle biopsy in February 1997. After this first surgery, the @entity1 additionally underwent five further surgeries for the treatment of intrahepatic recurrences, peritoneal recurrences and needle tract implantation caused by the percutaneous needle biopsy. The intrahepatic and peritoneal recurrences were surgically controlled for 3 years after the fifth operation. The needle tract implantation was first resected in February 2001. Since then, treatment by surgery and radiotherapy has been administered twice for local recurrences forming @entity5 thrombosis of the abdominal wall. Now, 7 years after the first surgery, the @entity1 remains alive without any evidence of recurrence. This case report serves to emphasize that needle tract implantation and peritoneal seeding caused by percutaneous needle biopsy are rare but possible complications. When such iatrogenic spreading of malignant cells occurs, @entity146 multimodal treatment is well worth considering. Wide resection of the @entity5 including the adjacent soft tissues should be performed in these cases, considering that the @entity5 spreads along the subcutaneous veins in needle tract implantation of @entity157 and repeated @entity146 surgeries could provide good local control.

title: Aggressive multimodal treatment for peritoneal dissemination and needle tract implantation of XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of new risk markers in @entity472 ( @entity472 ) is of great interest. Here, we hypothesized that the presence of @entity11460 ( @entity11460 ) is an important prognostic marker in both, symptomatic @entity1 undergoing invasive treatment for severe @entity472 , and in asymptomatic @entity1 with severe @entity472 who were primarily treated conservatively. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 300 @entity1 with severe @entity472 (aortic valve area <1.0cm(2) or mean aortic gradient >40mmHg) in sinus rhythm. All @entity1 underwent a 24-h Holter recording for assessment of heart rate turbulence (HRT) and deceleration capacity (DC). @entity1 with both, abnormal DC and HRT were considered to suffer from @entity11460 . RESULTS: The first hypothesis was tested in 216 symptomatic @entity1 who underwent successful aortic valve replacement (AVR) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). During follow-up of 2years, 29 of these @entity1 died. @entity11460 was the strongest independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.6-12.0; p<0.001) with 2-year mortality rates of 50.0% and 10.7% in @entity11460 -positive and @entity11460 -negative @entity1 , respectively (p<0.001). The second hypothesis was tested in 71 @entity1 , who were asymptomatic at study entry and for whom a primarily conservative treatment strategy was proposed. During follow-up, 10 of these @entity1 died. @entity11460 also predicted @entity204 in asymptomatic @entity1 with 2-year mortality rates of 52.4% and 8.7% in @entity11460 -positive and @entity11460 -negative @entity1 , respectively (p=0.010). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11460 is a strong and independent predictor of mortality in symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1 with severe @entity472 .

title: @entity11460 as a predictor of mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['severe autonomic failure', 'SAF']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic valve stenosis']


abstract: @entity403 (+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells inhibit immune responses and temper @entity32 . @entity4155 (+)CD4(+) T (Th17) cells mediate @entity32 of @entity792 . A small population of @entity4155 (+) @entity403 (+)CD4(+) T cells has been observed in peripheral blood in healthy @entity1 beings. However, the biology of @entity4155 (+) @entity403 (+)CD4(+) T cells remains poorly understood in @entity1 . We investigated their phenotype, cytokine profile, generation, and pathological relevance in @entity1 with @entity31 . We observed that high levels of @entity4155 (+) @entity403 (+)CD4(+) T cells were selectively accumulated in the colitic microenvironment and associated @entity694 . The phenotype and cytokine profile of @entity4155 (+) @entity403 (+)CD4(+) T cells was overlapping with Th17 and Treg cells. @entity2800 , @entity1199 , and @entity2533 are essential for their induction from memory CCR6(+) T cells or Treg cells. @entity4155 (+) @entity403 (+)CD4(+) T cells functionally suppressed T cell activation and stimulated inflammatory cytokine production in the colitic tissues. Our data indicate that @entity4155 (+) @entity403 (+) cells may be "inflammatory" Treg cells in the pathological microenvironments. These cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity31 through inducing inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting local T cell immunity, and in turn may mechanistically link @entity1 @entity32 to @entity5 development. Our data therefore challenge commonly held beliefs of the anti-inflammatory role of Treg cells and suggest a more complex Treg cell biology, at least in the context of @entity1 @entity32 and associated @entity189 .

title: @entity4155 + regulatory T cells in the microenvironments of @entity32 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['Myeloid APCs']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aberrant activation of @entity669 kinases, caused by either mutation or gene fusion, is of major importance for the development of many @entity1583 , particularly myeloproliferative @entity5 . We hypothesized that hitherto unrecognized, cytogenetically cryptic @entity669 kinase fusions may be common in non-classical or atypical myeloproliferative @entity5 and related @entity9713 . DESIGN AND METHODS: To detect genomic copy number changes associated with such fusions, we performed a systematic search in 68 @entity1 using custom designed, targeted, high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization. Arrays contained 44,000 oligonucleotide probes that targeted 500 genes including all 90 @entity669 kinases plus downstream @entity669 kinase signaling components, other translocation targets, transcription factors, and other factors known to be important for myelopoiesis. RESULTS: No abnormalities involving @entity669 kinases were detected; however, nine cytogenetically cryptic copy number imbalances were detected in seven @entity1 , including hemizygous deletions of @entity5316 or @entity6863 in two cases with @entity16386 . Mutation analysis of the remaining alleles revealed non-mutated @entity5316 and a frameshift insertion within @entity6863 . A further mutation screen of 187 @entity1 with @entity9713 identified @entity5316 mutations in 27 (14%) and @entity6863 mutations in seven (4%) @entity1 . Analysis of other transcription factors known to be frequently mutated in @entity3052 revealed @entity8102 mutations in six (3%) and @entity8587 mutations in two (1%) @entity1 with @entity9713 . Univariate analysis indicated that @entity1 with mutations had a shorter overall survival (28 versus 44 months, P=0.019) compared with @entity1 without mutations, with the prognosis for cases with @entity6863 , @entity8102 or @entity8587 mutations being particularly poor. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that mutations of transcription and other nuclear factors are frequent in @entity9713 and are generally mutually exclusive. @entity6863 , @entity8102 or @entity8587 mutations may be associated with a poor prognosis, an observation that will need to be confirmed by detailed prospective studies.

title: Transcription factor mutations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16386 :: ('MESH:D054438', 'Disease') :: ['atypical chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity9713 :: ('MESH:D054437', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity9713 :: (MESH:D054437,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms']


abstract: Stereotype threat (ST) refers to a situation in which a member of a group fears that her or his performance will validate an existing negative performance stereotype, causing a decrease in performance. For example, reminding @entity1 of the stereotype " @entity1 are bad at math" causes them to perform more poorly on math questions from the SAT and GRE. Performance deficits can be of several types and be produced by several mechanisms. We show that ST prevents @entity4207 , defined in our task as an increasing rate of search for a target Chinese character in a display of such characters. Displays contained two or four characters and half of these contained a target. Search rate increased across a session of training for a control group of @entity1 , but not @entity1 under ST. Speeding of search is typically explained in terms of learned "popout" (automatic attraction of attention to a target). Did @entity1 under ST learn popout but fail to express it? Following training, the @entity1 were shown two colored squares and asked to choose the one with the greater color saturation. Superimposed on the squares were task-irrelevant Chinese characters. For @entity1 not trained under ST, the presence of a trained target on one square slowed responding, indicating that training had caused the learning of an attention response to targets. @entity1 trained under ST showed no slowing, indicating that they had not learned such an attention response.

title: Stereotype threat prevents XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['perceptual learning']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['perceptual learning']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively compare performance indicators at screen-film mammography (SFM) and @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) in a population-based screening program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The regional ethics committee approved the study; informed consent was obtained from @entity1 . @entity1 aged 45-69 years were assigned to undergo SFM (n=16 985) or @entity2194 (n=6944). Two-view mammograms were interpreted by using independent double reading and a five-point rating scale for probability of @entity5 . Positive scores were discussed at consensus meetings before decision for recall. The group was followed up for 1.5 years ( @entity1 aged 45-49 years) and 2.0 years ( @entity1 aged 50-69 years) to include @entity5 with positive scores at baseline interpretation and to estimate interval @entity5 rate. Recall rates, @entity5 detection, positive predictive values (PPVs), sensitivity, specificity, @entity5 characteristics, and discordant interpretations of @entity5 were compared. RESULTS: Recall rate was 4.2% at @entity2194 and 2.5% at SFM (P<.001). @entity5 detection rate was 0.59% at @entity2194 and 0.38% at SFM (P=.02). There was no significant difference in PPVs. Median size of screening-detected invasive @entity5 was 14 mm at @entity2194 and 13 mm at SFM. Including @entity5 dismissed at consensus meetings, overall true-positive rate at baseline reading was 0.63% at @entity2194 and 0.43% at SFM (P=.04). Sensitivity was 77.4% at @entity2194 and 61.5% at SFM (P=.07); specificity was 96.5% and 97.9%, respectively (P<.005). Interval @entity5 rate was 17.4 at @entity2194 and 23.6 at SFM. The proportion of @entity5 with discordant double readings was comparable at @entity2194 and SFM. CONCLUSION: @entity2194 resulted in a significantly higher @entity5 detection rate than did SFM. The PPVs were comparable for the two imaging modalities.

title: Randomized trial of screen-film versus XXXX with soft-copy reading in population-based screening program: follow-up and final results of Oslo II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['FFDM', 'full-field digital mammography']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'subsequent cancers', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['full-field digital mammography']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to review the experience at the Johns Hopkins Hospital with @entity344 conincident with 3600 laparoscopic sterilizations done between the years 1968 and 1972. @entity1 ' ages ranged from 13 to 48 years and parity 0 to 13. All @entity1 , after giving histories, received physical examination, menatocrit, urinalysis, and Papanicolaou smears. 80% were outpatients. Inpatients had medical illnesses that required preoperative evaluation or had come from long distances. 18% had previous abdominal surgery, which was not considered a contraindication. The 2 incision laparoscope technic was used in the first series of about 1000 pateints. The 1 incision, one burn technic was used for the second series of 1000 @entity1 . A third series of 1600 @entity1 were operated on using a 3 burn modification of the 1 incision technic. @entity344 are those noted in the first 30 days after surgery. In 5 @entity1 electrocoagulated segment of the bowel was recognized at laparoscopy and the extent of the lesion less than .5 cm. Only 1 had immediate laparotomy, and experience shows perhaps she could have been treated expectantly. A second group of 5 @entity344 , not recognized at surgery, were delayed bowel perforations due to electrocoagulation. All were readmitted from the third to the seventh day after the operation. All required laparotomy and resection of the perforated segment of the bowel, which was in the terminal ileum in all 5 cases. 3 recovered promptly, 2 had complicated recoveries with septic pelvic @entity2268 in 1. She was eventually discharged on the 32nd day. All perforations occurred opposite the mesenteric border and microscopic study confirmed the causes as @entity3459 . Perforation size varied from .5 to 4 cm. 1 traumatic @entity130 occurred at the time of the insertion of laparoscope trocar. In this case the small bowel was adherent to the anterior abdominal wall following a previous laparotomy. Simple repair resulted in recovery. Complications were equally frequent with each technic. The 11 cases of @entity344 represent .3% of the 3600 operations. Laparotomy was required in .2%. Metal tubal clips applied with laparoscopy may replace electrocoagulation and thus reduce complications.

title: XXXX of laparoscopy sterilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complication', 'gastrointestinal injuries', 'gastrointestinal complications', 'Gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['thermal coagulation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bowel injury']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma elicited by @entity9735 ingestion has been mainly described in @entity134 -dependent and in non-atopic asthmatics. We have studied a group of 18 young extrinsic asthmatics who presented with @entity565 attacks immediately after eating pickled onions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to ascertain if these @entity565 attacks are elicited by @entity19460 contained in pickled onions and the influence of the dose and pH of onions. METHODS: The @entity6587 of the @entity1 was assessed by a @entity2710 challenge test. Oral challenge tests were performed with @entity9732 (MSB) diluted in lemon juice at pH 4.2 and at pH 3.3 (only in @entity1 who did not react with pH 4.2). Two types of pickled onions, Spanish and Dutch pickled onions, were used for oral challenge in seven of the @entity1 . The Monier-Williams method was used to measure the @entity9734 concentration in pickled onions. RESULTS: The oral provocation test with @entity19461 , pH 4.2, elicited a positive response in six @entity1 (33.3%) and the test at pH 3.3 was positive in three out of 12. No significant difference in PD20 values was found between these groups. Three of the seven @entity1 challenged with Spanish pickled onions had a positive reaction but had no reaction with Dutch pickled onions. The @entity9734 concentration in Spanish pickled onions varied between 765 and 1182 ppm while in Dutch pickled onions were 200 ppm; this exceeded the permitted level (100 ppm). @entity9734 release in Spanish pickled onion samples was nearly 2.5 times higher when the pH of the sample decreased from 4.2 to 3.3. CONCLUSION: High levels of @entity9734 in Spanish pickled onions, and their low pH (3.3) would be the responsible factors of the asthmatic outbreaks after ingestion of Spanish pickled onions by these @entity1 .

title: Pickled onion-induced @entity565 : a model of @entity9735 -sensitive XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity9735 :: ('CHEBI:48854', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfite']

entities_list: @entity9732 :: ('MESH:C005200', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium metabisulfite']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: A cosmid genomic library was prepared from a single individual of the rodent @entity10176 , the mole @entity35 , captured in Israel. The library was screened with a @entity19 probe hybridizing with all @entity19 class I major-histocompatibility-complex (Mhc) genes; the cross-hybridizing clones were isolated; and their restriction maps were prepared using five enzymes. A total of 93 class I-bearing clones could be identified in the library. Forty-five of these clones showed partial @entity3928 and could be arranged into 14 clusters. Eleven of these clusters could be shown to contain two class I genes each; the remaining clusters, as well as most of the non-overlapping clones, each contained one class I gene. After the elimination of clones with possible cloning artifacts and of clones that may carry allelic forms of a given gene in the heterozygous animal, the total number of class I loci identified in Spalax is approximately 65. The high number of loci probably arose from the duplication of either the entire class I set or the different class I families. The high number of gene copies might represent a means of selecting different functional genes from the family in different @entity1 orders. Three of the approximately 65 Spalax class I genes cross-hybridize with a probe specific for the @entity19 K, D, and L genes; two of these genes are in the same cluster. These three elements might possibly be the functional class I genes of the mole @entity35 .

title: Evolutionary expansion of Mhc class I loci in the mole- XXXX , @entity10176 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity10176 :: ('30637', 'Species') :: ['Spalax ehrenbergi']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Patterns of cigarette smoking in Switzerland were analyzed on the basis of sales data (available since 1924) and national health surveys conducted in the last decade. There was a steady and substantial increase in cigarettes sales up to the early 1970s. Thereafter, the curve tended to level off around an average value of 3,000 cigarettes per adult per year. According to the 1981-1983 National Health Survey, 37% of Swiss @entity1 were current smokers, 25% were ex-smokers, and 39% were never smokers. Corresponding porportions in @entity1 were 22, 11, and 67%. Among @entity1 , smoking prevalence was higher in lower social classes, and some moderate decline was apparent from survey data over the period 1975-1981 mostly in later middle-age. Trends in @entity2 @entity204 certification rates over the period 1950-1984 were analyzed using standard cross-sectional methods and a log-linear Poisson model to isolate the effects of age, birth cohort, and year of @entity204 . Mortality from @entity2 increased substantially among Swiss @entity1 between the early 1950s and the late 1970s, and levelled off (around a value of 70/100,000 @entity1 ) thereafter. Among @entity1 , there has been a steady upward trend which started in the mid-1960s, and continues to climb steadily, although @entity2 mortality is still considerably lower in absolute terms (around 8/100,000 @entity1 ) than in several North European countries or in North America. Cohort analyses indicate that the peak rates in @entity1 were reached by the generation born around 1910 and mortality stabilized for subsequent generations up to the 1930 birth cohort. Among females, marked increases were observed in each subsequent birth cohort. This pattern of trends is consistent with available information on smoking prevalence in successive generations, showing a peak among @entity1 for the 1910 cohort, but steady upward trends among females. Over the period 1980-1984, about 90% of @entity2 deaths among Swiss @entity1 and about 40% of those among @entity1 could be attributed to smoking (overall proportion, 85%).

title: Trends in smoking and XXXX mortality in Switzerland.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: AIM: To describe the and the factors that influence their occurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed over a year in the Ophthalmology clinic of Aristide le DANTEC Hospital, including 112 eyes of @entity177 @entity1 followed up in the internal medicine unit of the same hospital. For each @entity1 data of his follow up in the nephrology ward were recorded, even as the ophthalmological clinical examination which included colour test and angiography. All the lesions found were recorded on a questionnaire, seeking for any influence as far as age, sex, duration of signs, dialysis, and general complications were concerned. The analysis was performed using the 2005 Epi-info 6.0 software. RESULTS: Sex ratio was 1.54. 70% were above 40 years old. Blindness was found on 44.6% of the eyes. There were 20.5% cases of eye lids @entity4 , 15.8% conjunctival calcifications, 26.8% @entity231 , 3 cases of @entity2790 , 7.1% corneal lesions. @entity101 was found on 75.9% of the cases, amongst 14.3% classified stage 3, and @entity2479 signs associated on 13.8%, @entity4288 on 14.3% of the cases. 88.1% had confirmed signs of dyschromatopsia. On angiography, there was evidence of @entity75 due to @entity101 , including decrease of the choroidal blood flow, @entity63 areas, and halo peripapillary @entity4 . Age was a risk factor for eye lid @entity4 . Corneal and conjunctival lesions, even as eye lid @entity4 and @entity101 were more frequent on @entity1 , sick for less than a year. @entity101 was a risk factor for @entity5720 , @entity101 , and dyschromatopsia. Corneal and conjunctival calcifications were found mostly on @entity1 on dialysis, whereas they had less eye lid @entity4 , @entity101 , and @entity1020 . CONCLUSION: @entity989 , especially due to @entity101 is the most described. It permits to establish the prognostic of the disease. @entity1 on dialysis show a decrease of that @entity989 , but some sequels might persist which are invalidating, irreversible and may lead to @entity1939 . This can be prevented by early screening of @entity101 and an adequate treatment of @entity177 . Ophthalmologic examination remains a cheap and simple method to prevent the complications.

title: [Ocular lesions in melanodermia @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['High blood pressure', 'hypertensive retinopathy', 'Hypertensive retinopathy', 'high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal oedema']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['papillary lesions']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal lesion', 'retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: @entity5 is one of the most common @entity5 in @entity1 in Poland. Etiopathogenesis of this @entity5 is mainly related to @entity281 . The persistent @entity281 is an important but not the only one sufficient factor in neoplastic transformation. The additional factors include @entity286 smoking. Nowadays, prophylactic programs are conducted as cytologic screening, sexual education as well as decreased @entity286 smoking. The aim of the present paper was the evaluation of correlation of number of smoked cigarettes and duration of smoking habit with histopathological changes uterine cervix. From 143 @entity1 operated due to gynecological problems there were selected 21 cases (medium age 44 years) with @entity5 . In 5 @entity1 preoperative brachytherapy was done. E used immunohistochemical methods (with LSAB system) for evaluation of presence of L1 protein of HPV. The correlation between the stage of @entity5 and presence of viral protein was impossible as clinical records missed the information on @entity286 smoking. In conclusion we would like to stress that evaluation of the possible role of proved and possible neoplastic factors needs a preparation of proper databases.

title: [ @entity286 smoking and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection', 'HPV infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['HPV infection']


abstract: Staging laparotomy for @entity978 was carried out on 110 @entity1 in fertile age at the General Surgery Department of Padua Medical School from 1972 to 1977. An oophoropexy was done during the operation. According to the stage the @entity1 underwent radiation therapy that was associated in some cases to chemotherapy. Complete evaluation was possible only in 66 @entity1 . Eighteen out of the 66 had mantle field and para-aortic lymph node chain radiotherapy. One case of @entity4999 (5.5%) and five pregnancies (27.8%), were found among them. Nineteen had the same type of radiotherapy with MOPP. 3 cases of @entity4999 (15.8%) and 3 pregnancies (15.8%) were found. Five had total nodal irradiation (TNI) according to Kaplan and all of them had @entity4999 (100%). Twenty four had TNI associated to MOPP with 24 cases of @entity4999 (100%). Our results slightly differ from those of other Authors. They showed: 1) that the oophoropexy is not effective using standard surgical technique (probably because of the size of the central shielding) as it causes @entity4999 in 100% of the cases; 2) the incidence of permanent @entity4999 from chemotherapy with MOPP is the same as reported by other Authors; 3) the absence of teratogenic effects by chemotherapy in newborns of these @entity1 .

title: Ovarian function after pelvic lymph node irradiation in @entity1 with XXXX submitted to oophoropexy during laparotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : Adipose-derived stem cells (AdSCs) have recently been shown to differentiate into cardiovascular lineage cells. However, little is known about the fat tissue origin-dependent differences in AdSC function and differentiation potential. AdSC-rich cells were isolated from subcutaneous, visceral, cardiac (CA), and subscapular adipose tissue from @entity19 and their characteristics analyzed. After four different AdSC types were cultured with specific differentiation medium, immunocytochemical analysis was performed for the assessment of differentiation into cardiovascular cells. We then examined the in vitro differentiation capacity and therapeutic potential of AdSCs in @entity63 using a @entity19 @entity583 model. The cell density and proliferation activity of CA-derived AdSCs were significantly increased compared with the other adipose tissue-derived AdSCs. Immunocytochemistry showed that CA-derived AdSCs had the highest appearance rates of markers for endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes among the AdSCs. Systemic transfusion of CA-derived AdSCs exhibited the highest cardiac functional recovery after MI and the high frequency of the recruitment to @entity63 . Moreover, long-term follow-up of the recruited CA-derived AdSCs frequently expressed cardiovascular cell markers compared with the other adipose tissue-derived AdSCs. Cardiac adipose tissue could be an ideal source for isolation of therapeutically effective AdSCs for cardiac regeneration in @entity741 . SIGNIFICANCE: The present study found that cardiac adipose-derived stem cells have a high potential to differentiate into cardiovascular lineage cells (i.e., cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells) compared with stem cells derived from other adipose tissue such as subcutaneous, visceral, and subscapular adipose tissue. Notably, only a small number of supracardiac adipose-derived stem cells that were systemically transplanted sufficiently improved cardiac functional recovery after @entity583 , differentiating into cardiovascular cells in the @entity63 . These findings suggest a new autologous stem cell therapy for @entity1 with @entity741 , especially those with secondary @entity741 after cardiovascular open chest surgery.

title: Cardiac Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Exhibit High Differentiation Potential to Cardiovascular Cells in C57BL/6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia', 'ischemic heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5023 affects airway @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ) and enhances bronchodilation and bronchoprotection induced by beta-adrenergic agonists. @entity1312 ( @entity1312 ), however, induces @entity2488 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypotheses that @entity5023 inhibits @entity2488 after either allergen sensitization or @entity1312 administration and that @entity5023 restores the bronchodilation and bronchoprotective effects of beta-agonists. METHODS: The @entity2488 to @entity2710 induced by @entity1312 or ovalbumin was determined in BALB/c @entity19 , and the provocation concentration of @entity2710 that caused an increase in enhanced pause in expiration of 200% (PC200) was calculated. We compared this response to @entity2710 in control @entity19 with the response after treatment with @entity1312 receptor alpha 2-IgGFc fusion protein ( @entity12443 ) (an @entity1312 blocker), @entity5023 , @entity3045 , @entity10453 , @entity5023 - @entity3045 , and @entity12444 . RESULTS: @entity12443 (PC200, 17.59) completely blocks the @entity2488 -induced effects of @entity1312 (PC200, 7.28; P < .005). After @entity1312 therapy (PC200, 5.90; P < .005), 1 mg/mL of @entity3045 (PC200, 3.38; P = .33), @entity5023 (PC200, 4.59; P = .40), or @entity5023 plus 50 microg/mL of @entity10453 (PC200, 5.59; P = .11) showed no significant bronchoprotection. In nonsensitized @entity19 , @entity5023 plus 0.25 microg/mL of @entity10453 (PC200, 25.90; P < .005) showed significantly greater bronchoprotection than did @entity10453 alone (PC200, 11.08; P = .26). @entity5023 plus 0.3 mg/mL of @entity3045 and @entity5023 plus 1 mg/mL of @entity3045 were significantly more protective than was @entity5023 or @entity3045 alone in ovalbumin-sensitized @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: The protective effects of @entity5023 , beta-agonists, and @entity5023 plus beta-agonists are significantly less in @entity1312 -treated @entity19 than in nonsensitized or ovalbumin-sensitized @entity19 .

title: Effect of @entity1312 on XXXX and the bronchoprotective effect of beta-adrenergic bronchodilators and corticosteroids.

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity12444 :: ('MESH:C422924', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone-salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluticasone', 'fluticasone']

answer: @entity2488 :: (MESH:D001982,Disease) :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']


abstract: alpha 1 Proteinase inhibitor (PI) is the principle inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, an enzyme that degrades many components of the extracellular matrix. Expression and regulation of alpha 1 PI, therefore, affects the delicate balance of elastase and antielastase, which is critical to turnover of connective tissue during homeostasis, tissue injury, and repair. In this study we show that expression of alpha 1 PI in @entity1 monocytes and macrophages is regulated during activation by @entity558 . @entity558 mediates a concentration- and time-dependent increase in the rate of synthesis of alpha 1 PI in mononuclear phagocytes. There is a 4.5-8.7-fold increase in functionally active inhibitor delivered to the cell culture fluid of monocytes. The effect of @entity558 is specific in that it is neutralized by an mAb to the @entity3275 moiety. The increase in expression of alpha 1 PI mediated by @entity558 occurs in the context of other specific changes in the expression of @entity563 proteinase inhibitor genes in mononuclear phagocytes. There is an increase in the rate of synthesis of C1 inhibitor and a decrease in synthesis of @entity5843 . Regulation of alpha 1 PI by @entity558 is distinctive in that it is largely determined by a change in the efficiency of translation of alpha 1 PI mRNA. @entity558 has no effect on the rate of posttranslational processing and/or secretion of alpha 1 PI and, therein, causes greater intracellular accumulation of alpha 1 PI in mononuclear phagocytes from individuals with homozygous PiZZ alpha 1 PI deficiency.

title: Lipopolysaccharide modulates the expression of alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor and other XXXX proteinase inhibitors in @entity1 monocytes and macrophages.

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2 macroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: @entity677 are rare mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract (lessthan 1% of the digestive tract @entity5 ). Of these, less than 1% are found in the esophagus. Surgery is the main treatment of @entity677 and is supported by targeted therapy with tyrosinekinase inhibitors like @entity2213 . We present the case of a female @entity1 of 51 years, admitted in our clinic for a bulkytumor in the posterior mediastinum, diagnosed after investigations performed for fatigue for the great efforts. Clinical examination was unspecific. Chest X-ray and thoraco-abdominal CT identified a widening of the mediastinum through aposterior mediastinal @entity5 mass, determining a deviation to the left of the thoracic esophagus without causing notabledysphagia or respiratory symptoms. It was decided surgery bythoracotomy in V right intercostal space and @entity5 was performed. Histopathology examination confirmed the preoperative suspicion of @entity2910 . Prognosis is reserved, the risk of relapse is very high given the fact that the @entity5 was extracted fragmented. Currently the @entity1 is under treatment with @entity2213 and entered into clinical and imaging follow-up program, according toclinical guidelines.

title: Giant Esophageal XXXX : Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge - Case Report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['total excision ofthe tumor', 'tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate', 'imatinibmesylate']

answer: @entity677 :: (MESH:C564650,Disease) :: ['GIST']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is not enough clinical evidence to make a strong recommendation on the optimal duration of thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular weight heparins (LMWH) in @entity1 undergoing major @entity5 surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: CANBESURE is a randomized, double-blind study which enrolled @entity1 admitted for abdominal or pelvic surgery for @entity5 . They received 3500 IU of @entity3682 subcutaneously once daily for 8 days and were then randomized to receive either @entity3682 or placebo for 20 additional days. Bilateral venography was performed after 20 days and evaluated blinded. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) and all-cause mortality at the end of double-blind period. @entity1211 (proximal @entity1150 , @entity1151 and @entity1211 -related @entity204 ) was also evaluated. The primary safety outcome was major @entity548 . RESULTS: Six hundred and twenty-five and 488 @entity1 were included in the safety and main efficacy analyzes, respectively. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 25 out of 248 @entity1 (10.1%) in the @entity3682 group and 32 out of 240 (13.3%) in the placebo group (relative risk reduction 24.4%; 95% CI: -23.7-53.8%; P = 0.26). At the end of double-blind period, major @entity1211 occurred in 2 (0.8%) and 11 (4.6%) @entity1 , respectively (relative risk reduction 82.4%; 95% CI: 21.5-96.1%; P = 0.010). No significant difference was found in major bleedings. CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks compared with 1 week of prophylaxis with @entity3682 after abdominal or pelvic @entity5 surgery did not significantly reduce the primary efficacy outcome, but decreased major @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) without increasing @entity548 .

title: Extended prophylaxis with @entity3682 for the prevention of @entity1211 after abdominal or pelvic surgery for XXXX : the CANBESURE randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'non-fatal pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity3682 :: ('MESH:C411345', 'Chemical') :: ['bemiparin']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Major venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to evaluate the functional and anatomic outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of symptomatic @entity1713 without @entity1940 in age-related @entity1020 . METHODS: This was a prospective, single-center, uncontrolled, interventional pilot study. Six consecutive eyes (six @entity1 ) with @entity1713 with a visual acuity of 20/63 to 20/100 and no evidence of @entity1940 in age-related @entity1020 participated. @entity1 were given at least one intravitreal ranibizumab injection and were followed for a mean of 66.67    10.3 weeks. Main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measured by Early Treatment @entity6 Study charts and optical coherence tomography, and central macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The mean number of intravitreal ranibizumab injections was 3.0 at the end of follow-up. Regarding BCVA and optical coherence tomography, 33.3% of eyes gained between 19 and 21 letters of BCVA, with a median decrease in central macular thickness of 21  m. There was a statistically significant difference between baseline and final BCVA (P = 0.046). There was a positive correlation between intraretinal fluid by optical coherence tomography and improved BCVA after intravitreal ranibizumab. @entity227 disappeared completely after the first injection in all subjects, with no further recurrences. No @entity1 developed @entity1940 or @entity3202 changes. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal ranibizumab demonstrated anatomic and functional benefit in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1713 without @entity1940 in age-related @entity1020 . Further long-term, randomized, controlled trials should be performed to confirm our preliminary results.

title: Intravitreal ranibizumab for symptomatic @entity1713 without @entity1940 in age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Metamorphopsia']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although some studies have reported an increased incidence of @entity8043 within active populations, few studies have reported incidence rates and examined risk factors for this injury. PURPOSE: To examine the incidence of @entity130 and the influence of demographic and occupational risk factors associated with injury among active-duty United States (US) service members between 1998 and 2007. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Using the Defense Medical Surveillance System, a search was performed for International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision (ICD-9) code 836.3 among all US service members on active duty during the study period. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the rate of @entity8043 per 1000 @entity1 -years at risk to injury. Incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for @entity8043 along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by gender, age, race, branch of military service, and rank while controlling for the other variables in the model. RESULTS: There were a total of 9299 individuals with documented @entity130 among a population at risk of 13 443 448 @entity1 -years. The IR was 0.69 per 1000 @entity1 -years at risk. @entity1 were 61% more likely ( @entity12623 , 1.61; 95% CI, 1.53-1.69) to sustain a @entity130 than @entity1 . Rates were highest in the youngest age group and decreased with increasing age. Service members aged <20 years were 84% more likely ( @entity12623 , 1.84; 95% CI, 1.61-2.10) to sustain a @entity130 as service members aged >= 40 years. Differences were also noted by race, service, and rank. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity130 among US service members was an order of magnitude greater than that previously reported in civilian population studies. Gender, age, race, rank, and branch of military service are important risk factors related to the incidence of @entity130 in this population.

title: Incidence of acute traumatic XXXX among active-duty United States military service members.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocations', 'patellar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocation injuries', 'patellar dislocation injury']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['patellar dislocation']


abstract: Irradiated @entity135 survivors treated in the Hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, spontaneously reported improvement of radiation-induced @entity2133 feeling. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate salivary flow rate and @entity2133 before and after HBO in irradiated @entity135 @entity1 . Eighty @entity1 eligible for HBO treatment on the indication of prevention/treatment of @entity7190 or soft tissue radiation injury were consecutively sampled, of whom 45 had @entity2133 (i.e. @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ) flow rate <0.1ml/min), and 69 complained of @entity2133 . @entity15531 and @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ) were collected prior to and after 30 sessions of hyperbaric @entity26 treatment over 6weeks. @entity2133 was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Each HBO session involved compression to 243kPa (2.4 ATA) for 90min while breathing 100% @entity26 from a facemask or hood. There was a significant decrease in @entity2133 (p<0.001) and slight increase in @entity15531 (p<0.001) and @entity15531 (p<0.001) flow rate, from before HBO as compared to after. Twenty-five of 45 @entity1 with @entity2133 achieved an increased @entity15531 flow rate after HBO. In 12 of these, the flow rates increased to levels not associated with @entity2133 . @entity1 -assessed improvement of @entity2133 and slightly increased @entity15531 and @entity15531 secretion after HBO treatment suggest that HBO may have a beneficial effect on radiation-induced @entity16 .

title: Does hyperbaric @entity26 treatment have the potential to increase salivary flow rate and reduce XXXX in previously irradiated @entity135 @entity1 ? A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry mouth', 'hyposalivation', 'xerostomia', 'Xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland damage']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity15531 :: ('MESH:C531766', 'Disease') :: ['SWS', 'unstimulated whole saliva', 'UWS', 'stimulated whole saliva']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['xerostomia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that increased @entity5 expression of proteins such as @entity3261 ( @entity3261 ) and @entity20034 ( @entity20034 ) in @entity1 with @entity703 would result in increased urine @entity3261 and @entity20034 excretion. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prenephrectomy and postnephrectomy (pseudocontrol) urine samples were collected from 42 @entity1 with an incidental radiographically discovered renal mass and presurgical presumptive diagnosis of @entity703 from July 8, 2008, through @entity17156 , 2009. Also enrolled were 15 control @entity1 who underwent nonrenal surgery and 19 healthy volunteers. Urine @entity3261 and @entity20034 concentrations normalized to urine @entity1011 were determined by sensitive and specific Western blot assays. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD preexcision urine @entity3261 and @entity20034 concentrations (76+/-29 and 117+/-74 arbitrary units, respectively) in @entity1 with a pathologic diagnosis of clear cell (n=22) or papillary (n=10) @entity5 were significantly greater than in @entity1 with @entity703 of nonproximal tubule origin, control surgical @entity1 , and healthy volunteers (combined values of 0.1+/-0.1 and 1.0+/-1.6 arbitrary units, respectively; n=44; P<.001). The @entity3261 and @entity20034 concentrations decreased 88% to 97% in the 25 @entity1 with clear cell or papillary @entity5 who provided postnephrectomy follow-up urine samples. In @entity1 with clear cell and @entity1377 , a linear correlation (Spearman) was found between @entity5 size and preexcision urine @entity3261 or @entity20034 concentration (r=0.82 and 0.76, respectively; P<.001 for each). CONCLUSION: Urine @entity3261 and @entity20034 concentrations appear to be sensitive and specific biomarkers of @entity703 of proximal tubule origin. These biomarkers may be useful to diagnose an imaged renal mass and screen for @entity703 at an early stage. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00851994.

title: Urinary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'kidney cancers', 'kidney cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Due to the steadily progressive development of resistance to the drugs used for treatment, @entity6368 remains a medical concern. @entity21632 is a 6' @entity21633 analogue of @entity6760 with potent activity against @entity114 sensitive and resistant strains of @entity6368 . GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To compare the efficacy of 250 mg @entity21632 i.m. versus 250 mg @entity2756 i.m. for single dose therapy for @entity1 and @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity2954 . STUDY DESIGN: Dual-center, randomized comparative trial. RESULTS: Among evaluable male @entity1 with urethral @entity2954 , 36 of 40 (90%, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 76%-97%) who were treated with @entity21632 were cured, and 22 of 22 @entity1 (100%, [85%-100%]) treated with @entity2756 were cured. Among evaluable female @entity1 with cervical @entity2954 all were cured following @entity21632 (23 of 23) and following @entity2756 therapy (13 of 13). The cure rates for pharyngeal @entity2954 were 67% (8 of 12 @entity1 , 35%-90%) for @entity21632 therapy, and 100% (2 of 2) with @entity2756 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity21632 , 250 mg i.m., is effective, and well tolerated. However, for treatment of uncomplicated genital and pharyngeal @entity2954 , it is not as reliable for therapy as other recommended regimens.

title: Efficacy of 250 mg @entity21632 i.m. vs. 250 mg @entity2756 i.m. for treatment of uncomplicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity21632 :: ('MESH:C043267', 'Chemical') :: ['Trospectomycin sulfate', 'trospectomycin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['gonorrhea']


abstract: Objectives of this study were to compare three nutritional management strategies for dual-purpose herds in Venezuela in 1987 using a deterministic, multiperiod linear programming model of a representative farm. The model maximized discounted net margin (total revenues minus variable costs) from the herd for a 3-yr @entity291 replacement cycle partitioned into six periods. The periods accounted for seasonal variation in forage availability and quality, and the model provided information about optimal animal inventories, animal sales, land in forage, and feed supplements. We compared current nutritional management practices and alternatives allowing optimal supplementation with commercial concentrate, molasses, @entity7243 root, and @entity1133 . Iteration between the programming model and results from the Cornell Net @entity1735 and Protein System assured technical coefficients consistent with predicted animal performance. Compared with management practices relying on commercial concentrate, optimal use of molasses and @entity1133 permitted increases in the stocking rate. Productivity and profit were restricted primarily by energy intake, which was constrained by intakes of NDF and @entity3918 . Alternative management strategies changed the relative importance of nutrient requirements and feed intake constraints. Thus, optimal interventions to alleviate nutritional constraints will vary with current management. Mobilizing adipose and protein tissues during lactation was optimal for most strategies. Supplementing with molasses and @entity1133 instead of commercial concentrate was the most profitable strategy, increasing herd net margin by 16% compared to the predominant feeding strategy in the late 1980s.

title: Economic comparison of nutritional management strategies for Venezuelan dual-purpose XXXX systems.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a technique to measure regurgitant flow throughout the entire cardiac cycle that would more accurately measure @entity337 ( @entity337 ) severity in @entity1 with @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). BACKGROUND: @entity337 is a common problem after CF-LVAD implantation. Current echocardiographic evaluation of @entity337 does not take into account the unique flow properties present in @entity1 with @entity1002 . METHODS: In this prospective study, @entity1 with LVADs who had varying degrees of @entity337 (N  = 20) underwent simultaneous @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). @entity338 ( @entity338 ) across the aortic valve was calculated by subtracting the cardiac output obtained using the Fick method from the total systemic flow measured using the sum of the product of the velocity time integral and the cross-sectional area of the LVAD outflow cannula and aortic valve, respectively. The RFs were then compared with the following: 1) traditional TTE grading parameters; and 2) new TTE parameters unique to LVAD physiology, namely the diastolic flow acceleration and the systolic-to-diastolic peak velocity (S/D) ratio of the LVAD outflow cannula. RESULTS: @entity1 without evidence of @entity337 had an @entity338 approaching zero (2.4    4.6%). @entity1 with trace and mild @entity337 had  an @entity338 of 31.0    5.4%, whereas @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity337 had an @entity338 of 45.8    3.6%. @entity338 correlated better with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) than with vena contracta (correlation coefficient [R]  = 0.73 vs. 0.56). The new TTE parameters (S/D ratio and diastolic acceleration) highly correlated with @entity338 (R  =  0.91 and 0.94, respectively) and more strongly correlated with PCWP than did vena contracta (R  = 0.82 and 0.65 vs. 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: @entity338 measured by simultaneous @entity712 and TTE better correlates with clinical filling pressures than do traditional TTE parameters and may identify significant @entity337 that could be underestimated using conventional measures. Novel TTE parameters, unique to CF-LVAD physiology, better correlate with @entity338 and filling pressures than do our current TTE measurements.

title: Accurate Quantification Methods for XXXX Severity in @entity1 With Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Role of Diastolic Flow Acceleration and Systolic-to-Diastolic Peak Velocity Ratio of LVAD Outflow Cannula.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right-sided heart catheterization', 'RHC']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Regurgitant fraction', 'RF']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AI', 'aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices', 'CF-LVADs']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['Aortic Insufficiency']


abstract: During a period of eight years from 1977, pupils in F primary school in S ward, Tokyo were monitored each year with a general medical check-up to identify and eliminate any @entity1 with urine abnormalities and then the @entity720 : @entity1011 ratio (HOP ratio) in the urine of 4,375 @entity1 chosen at random was measured. The @entity1 's area of residence was classified, according to distance, into three areas. In addition, the @entity1 were classified into four groups depending on their estimated degree of exposure to Environmental @entity286 Smoke (ETS). The relationship between ETS and the HOP ratio was observed annually. The HOP ratio was greatest in schoolchildren living in the area nearest the main roads. The influence of ETS also tended to increase when ventilation rates in their rooms were lowered. The strength of these associations was considered significant depending on the magnitude of the HOP ratio, the correlation coefficient, a two-way layout and relative risk (R.R.). In addition, the consistency and coherence observed in measurements each year suggested a causal relationship. The influence of ETS and area distinctions on the HOP ratio was totally independent and showed virtually no interaction. However, the changes in patterns of indoor smoking from 1980 onwards were not sufficiently accounted for by the previous interview and questionnaire surveys so we introduced an additional bias, namely misclassification of pupils. Subsequently, the possibility of underestimation of the influence of ETS was considered, thereby establishing the need for a revision of the relevant questionnaires.

title: Effects of health of automobile exhaust and environmental XXXX smoke (ETS) in areas alongside main road.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with suspected @entity5818 on the basis of clinical examination were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In paracoronal and parasagittal planes, different measurements of bony structures of the subacromial space and of the glenoid joint were performed, as in the anatomical study reported in the companion paper. A healthy, age-and sex-matched group of 25 @entity1 underwent the same MRI-procedure and the results were compared with those in the @entity1 . Ruptures of the rotator cuff were excluded by means of standard X-rays, physical examination, and ultrasound. The comparison revealed a highly significant difference between the sizes of the subacromial space. Healthy @entity1 had a space that was larger by more than one third than that of the @entity1 . Other parameters did not differ significantly between the two groups. In a further part of the study the insertion zone of the coracoacromial ligament into the undersurface of the acromion was histologically studied in 24 autopsy specimens. Different staining techniques were used to find out whether microscopic changes occur during different stages of life. Cartilage without bone formation of the acromion was found in @entity1 . In adult specimens bony projections of the undersurface of the acromion and thickening of the surrounding fibrocartilage were found, but there was no correlation between ageing and these changes. However, in @entity1 suffering from @entity5818 the subacromial space is reduced. Acromioplasty enlarges the space by resection of the anterior part of the acromion. Bony spurs on the acromion and a thickening of the fibrocartilaginous layer are not degenerative changes, but they are caused by increased tensile strength of the coracoacromial ligament and are not influenced by age.

title: [Role of the subacromial space on development of the XXXX . II].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['impingement syndrome']

answer: @entity5818 :: (MESH:D019534,Disease) :: ['impingement syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of the dual @entity470 / @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) @entity669 kinase inhibitors @entity12379 and @entity12380 on proliferation and clonogenic cell survival of @entity1 @entity1 @entity957 in vitro, and on @entity5 growth after single-dose irradiation in @entity19 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cell proliferation, cell-cycle distribution and clonogenic cell survival after irradiation were assayed with and without @entity12379 or @entity12380 (3, 30, and 300 nM) in vitro. @entity5 volume and @entity5 growth delay ( @entity1120 (V2)) were determined in @entity5 growing in NMRI (nu/nu) @entity19 , treated with (a) @entity12379 (20 mg kg(-1) body weight orally), @entity12380 (3-4 mg kg(-1) body weight orally) or carrier until a final @entity5 diameter of 15 mm, or, (b) 3 days before a 20-Gy single-dose irradiation or, (c) after a 20-Gy single-dose irradiation until reaching the final @entity5 diameter. RESULTS: @entity12379 and @entity12380 significantly increased the doubling time of @entity1 cells in vitro. A marked dose-dependent antiproliferative effect with blockade of the cells in G0/G1-phase of the cell cycle was found. Incubation with @entity12380 or @entity12379 for 3 days marginally increased radiosensitivity of @entity1 cells in vitro. For @entity12379 , this effect was statistically significant (p = 0.006). Daily oral application of @entity12380 or @entity12379 in @entity19 bearing unirradiated @entity5 showed a marked antiproliferative effect with a significant prolongation of @entity5 growth delay (p < 0.0001). After drug application for 3 days, followed by 20-Gy single-dose irradiation, a slight effect of both drugs on @entity5 growth delay was seen. For @entity12380 , this effect was statistically significant (p = 0.007). However, this effect disappeared when @entity5 volumes were normalized to the time point of irradiation suggesting that both drugs showed no or only a slight radiosensitizing effect in vivo. Daily application of @entity12380 or @entity12379 after a single-dose irradiation showed a clear inhibition of @entity5 growth with a significantly longer @entity5 growth delay after drug treatment compared to control @entity5 (p < 0.002). Enhancement ratios were smaller for irradiated than for unirradiated @entity5 , suggesting an additive effect for combinations with radiotherapy. In all treatment arms, the effects of @entity12380 were not significantly different from @entity12379 . CONCLUSION: @entity12380 and @entity12379 showed a clear antiproliferative effect in vitro, whereas radiosensitization was only marginal. The present data are the first to show an effect of combined irradiation and dual @entity470 / @entity1722 inhibition on @entity5 growth delay in vivo. Further preclinical investigations using fractionated irradiation schedules and @entity5 control as experimental endpoint are needed to evaluate a possible curative potential for the combination treatment.

title: Combination of @entity470 / @entity1722 XXXX kinase inhibition by @entity12379 and @entity12380 with irradiation in @entity1 @entity1 @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'FaDu tumors', 'Tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: The study population consists of 424 three-generation families originally ascertained through @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 (CL +/- P) surgical probands by Carter et al [J Med Genet 19:246-261, 1982] in London, England. Carter et al proposed that the @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) could explain the data. The goal of our study was to test that hypothesis, plus alternatives, rigorously. Two approaches were used: 1) Carter et al had proposed that these data were consistent with the predictions of the @entity3628 as presented by Carter [Br Med Bull 25:52-57, 1969]. However, we tested those predictions using standard chi 2 tests and found statistically significant departures from the predictions in these families. 2) Complex segregation analysis under the mixed model was performed. Again, the @entity3628 model could be rejected, as could a model of a major locus alone. The best-fitting model included both major locus and multifactorial components. When the data were analyzed in two parts based on the proband's phenotype (CL vs CL + P) there was some evidence of heterogeneity in that there was a significant proportion of sporadic cases in the families of CL probands but not in the families of CL + P probands. Our results provide no support for the @entity3628 model. The results from segregation analyses of CL +/- P in these families were most consistent with autosomal major gene inheritance plus multifactorial contributions.

title: @entity3384 with or without XXXX : reanalysis of a three-generation family study from England.

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic cleft lip']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['MF/T', 'multifactorial threshold model']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft palate']


abstract: @entity1229 -based anticoagulant therapy is associated with large variability in dose response. Genetic variability in the @entity5058 and @entity5060 genes is associated with increased @entity1229 sensitivity. In addition, rare coding region mutations in @entity5058 have been associated with resistance to @entity1229 . @entity5058 and @entity5060 variability associated with altered @entity1229 response is less well characterized in African and mixed-raced populations such as Brazilians. To determine genetic variability associated with altered @entity1229 response among Brazilian @entity1 , sixty-two adult @entity1 with extreme resistance or sensitivity to @entity1229 were genotyped for variants in @entity5060 and @entity5058 . Of the 51 @entity1 on low doses of @entity1229 , the @entity5058 @entity24745 polymorphism associated with @entity1229 sensitivity was present in 48 (94.1%), including 97% of Caucasians, 82% of African-descent @entity1 , and all 7 (100%) @entity1 of Indian descent. Additionally, 52.9% of @entity1229 sensitive @entity1 had at least one @entity5060 *2 or @entity5060 *3 decreased metabolism allele, 63.6% of Caucasians and 54% of African-descent @entity1 . Of the 11 @entity1 on high doses of @entity1229 , sequencing of @entity5058 revealed a nonsynonymous @entity14691 mutation in two @entity1229 resistant @entity1 , both of African-descent. Brazilian @entity1 requiring low doses of @entity1229 have a high frequency of @entity5058 and @entity5060 variants associated with @entity1229 sensitivity. The presence of the rare @entity5058 @entity14691 in two @entity1229 high dose outlier @entity1 implies that this variant may be more frequent among African Brazilians and has implications for future @entity1229 studies in other populations of African descent.

title: @entity5058 XXXX mutation in African Brazilian @entity1 resistant to oral anticoagulant therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

entities_list: @entity14691 :: ('p|SUB|V|66|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V66M']

answer: @entity14691 :: (p|SUB|V|66|M,ProteinMutation) :: ['V66M']


abstract: 1. The effects of the platelet activating factor (Paf) antagonists alprazolam, @entity3766 , @entity21479 , L 652,731 and @entity21480 have been studied on Paf-induced chemiluminescence (CL) of @entity840 , @entity2432 -activated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. 2. All antagonists produced a shift to the right in the dose-response curve to Paf (0.001-10 mumol l-1). Schild plots for @entity3766 , L 652,731, @entity21479 and @entity21480 were linear, but only for @entity3766 and @entity21479 did the mean slope not differ significantly from unity. Mean pA2 values for @entity3766 and @entity21479 were 6.60 +/- 0.05 and 6.41 +/- 0.14 (mean + s.e.mean) respectively. Calculation of IC50 values for all antagonists (at 0.1 mumol l-1 Paf) gave an order of potency: L 652731 greater than @entity21479 greater than or equal to @entity3766 greater than alprazolam greater than @entity21480 . 3. When individual pA2 values for @entity3766 and @entity21479 were plotted against the maximal CL response to Paf of cell suspensions in the absence of antagonist (reflecting the degree of activation of the macrophages by the @entity2432 ), it was found that the affinity of both antagonists for macrophage Paf receptors remained relatively constant irrespective of the activation state of the cells. 4. We conclude that activation of @entity840 peritoneal macrophages does not account for the increased affinity for macrophage Paf receptors previously observed for @entity21479 . @entity21479 and @entity3766 presumably bind to a site on Paf receptors which is not affected by the activation process, while @entity1401 and @entity21480 are non-specific antagonists. The reason for the difference between the competitive nature of @entity21479 and its structural analogue L 652,731 is unclear.

title: Antagonism of platelet activating factor-induced chemiluminescence in XXXX peritoneal macrophages in differing states of activation.

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity21479 :: ('MESH:C044540', 'Chemical') :: ['kadsurenone', 'Kadsurenone']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: Perianal involvement in @entity30 is common (< or = 50%), distressing, and frequently refractory to treatment. Clinical features include @entity158 and @entity850 , discharging @entity292 , and fissures. The pathogenesis of these lesions is unclear, but local @entity63 and secondary anaerobic infection may play a role. Following three sporadic reports of successful treatment with hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO), we undertook a trial of this method in 10 @entity1 with @entity66 . These @entity1 ' perianal @entity30 had not responded to treatment that included local medications, @entity8834 , @entity288 , @entity868 , or @entity4446 were treated. Treatment was administered in a hyperbaric chamber at a pressure of 2.5 atm absolute. Each session lasted 90 min, and each course consisted of 20 daily sessions. Complete healing occurred in 5 @entity1 after one to two courses. In an additional 2, after three courses, 1 @entity1 improved but did not heal, and 2 did not improve. No adverse effects were noted by any of the 10 @entity1 . Follow-up of 18 months did not reveal any recurrence. These preliminary results confirm that HBO therapy is a safe and efficient therapeutic option for perianal @entity30 .

title: Hyperbaric @entity26 for perianal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8834 :: ('MESH:D012459', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylates']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory perianal disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful induration']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: In this series 49 @entity1 with @entity43 previously treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy received @entity4181 200 mg/m2 i.v. bolus followed by @entity1487 at 370 mg/m2 i.v. bolus daily for 5 days every 4 weeks for the first two courses and subsequent courses were given every 5 weeks. Of this group, 47 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and 44 for response. Of the @entity1 evaluable for response, 15 were considered @entity902 -sensitive and 29 were @entity902 -refractory. The overall response rate was 6/44 (13.6%). There were two complete responders (4.5%) and four partial responders (9.1%). In the @entity902 -sensitive @entity1 , there was one complete response, yielding a response rate of 6.6%, whereas in the @entity902 -refractory @entity1 , there were four partial responses and one complete response for a response rate of 17.2%. Five responses were in the pelvis and there was one response at an extrapelvic site in the abdominal mesentery. The median number of courses delivered was three (range: 1-10). The major adverse effect was myelosuppression with 16/47 (34.0%) experiencing @entity3028 < 1,000/mm3. The median white blood count nadir for the @entity1 experiencing any @entity1431 was 2,700 (range: 400-3,900/mm3). There was one episode of grade 3 @entity882 . Grade 3 intestinal @entity137 was seen in seven @entity1 (14.9%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . In this previously treated population, @entity1487 with high-dose @entity4181 exhibited activity of interest in the @entity902 -refractory population and warrants further investigation.

title: A phase II trial of @entity1487 and high-dose @entity4181 in recurrent XXXX . A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1499 and @entity1499 polyglutamates were quantitatively determined in red blood cells from 12 @entity1 with @entity981 who were treated with @entity1500 (15-20 mg/m2 per week) and daily @entity4446 orally during the steady-state period of erythrocyte @entity1500 concentration (ery- @entity1500 ). The terminal decline of the ery- @entity1500 and its @entity8465 metabolites were determined for up to 15 weeks after cessation of @entity1500 treatment. @entity1499 polyglutamates with 2-4 extra @entity16394 derivatives ( @entity1500 -glu2-5) constituted 75% of the @entity1500 in the entire red blood cell population. @entity1500 -glu3 was the principal metabolite; no @entity1500 -glu6-7 was identified. After discontinuation of @entity1500 therapy, the ery- @entity1500 declined in a non-linear manner because of different half-lives for the individual polyglutamates. From about 5 weeks until 13-15 weeks after the last @entity1500 dose, the erythrocyte @entity1500 elimination curve was linear. The approximate half-life of @entity1500 -glu1 was 2-3 days; for @entity1500 -glu2 it was 4-15 days. The concentration of @entity1500 -glu3-5 remained constant in the erythrocyte throughout its life span and declined only with age-dependent destruction of the red blood cell. It was calculated that 80%-90% of @entity1500 in newly formed reticulocytes was @entity1500 -glu1+2, the remainder being @entity1500 -glu3-5. Mature red blood cells did not form @entity1499 polyglutamates to any significant degree. There was a significant correlation between the amount of @entity1500 -glu3-5 and the steady -state ery- @entity1500 , which to some extent explained the interindividual variation of the ery- @entity1500 in @entity1 with @entity981 in maintenance therapy.

title: XXXX and its @entity8465 derivatives in erythrocytes during and after weekly low-dose oral @entity1499 therapy of @entity1 with @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity16394 :: ('CHEBI:32483', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity8465 :: ('MESH:D011099', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglutamate']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined the effect of @entity4764 on behavioral change even though goal setting is widely used in @entity6 education. The effect of a goal to consume either 6 or 8 servings/day of low glycemic index (LGI) foods was evaluated in this study. METHODS: Adults 40-65 years old with type 2 @entity6 were randomly assigned to the 6 or 8 serving/day treatment group following a 5-week GI intervention. Perceived @entity4764 , commitment, satisfaction, and self-efficacy were evaluated, and four day food records assessed dietary intake. RESULTS: Both groups increased consumption of LGI foods (P<0.001); there were no significant differences in the change in consumption between groups. @entity1 who were more committed to the goal perceived the goal to be less difficult (P<0.01). Those with greater efficacy beliefs were more committed to their goal, perceived the goal to be less difficult, and were more satisfied with their performance (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: A specific goal regarding LGI foods can facilitate the adoption of a lower GI diet. Future research is needed to determine if goal commitment or @entity4764 mediate the process. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Clinicians should help clients set specific goals regarding dietary change.

title: Goal difficulty and goal commitment affect adoption of a lower glycemic index diet in adults with type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['goal difficulty']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']