abstract: BACKGROUND: Inherited @entity717 ( @entity717 ) conditions are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders that lead to variable degrees of @entity73 . It has been shown that inherited @entity717 can be caused by mutations in over 100 different genes and there is evidence for the presence of as yet unidentified genes in a significant proportion of @entity1 . We aimed at identifying the defective gene underlying an @entity717 in two sibs of an Emirati family. METHODS: A combined approach involving homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing was used to identify the causative mutation. RNA analysis was performed to gain further insight into the pathogenic effect of the detected mutation. RESULTS: We have identified a homozygous splicing mutation ( @entity41608 ) in the @entity41609 gene in the affected @entity1 . @entity41609 is the @entity1 homologue of the @entity238 segment polarity gene @entity41610 that encodes an essential regulator of the wingless/Wnt signaling. The identified mutation alters the first consensus @entity377 of the 5' donor splice junction of intron 5 and the 3' end of exon 5. Transcript analysis revealed that this change leads to an exon skipping event resulting in direct splicing of exon 4 to exon 6. Another mutation in @entity41609 has been described very briefly in an Iranian family with @entity717 and @entity4242 . CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that @entity41609 , a modulator of the WNT pathway, is an indispensable gene to @entity1 cognition and this finding sheds further light on the importance of WNT signaling in @entity1 brain development and/or function.

title: XXXX , a modulator of the WNT signaling pathway, is involved in @entity1 cognition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognition deficits']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive ID', 'ID', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity41609 :: (55180,Gene) :: ['LINS']


abstract: The 18th and early 20th centuries witnessed the disintegration of a unified approach to understanding the @entity1 condition. Political economy, the broad study of @entity1 society, fragmented into an array of university-based disciplines, each reductionistically focused on its narrow arena of specialized research. Medicine, which had been concerned with health in social and historic contexts, narrowed its focus to the microscopic level and to encapsulated understandings of the immediate effects of pathogens and of the structures of disintegrated organ systems. Similarly, anthropology, which continued to wave a banner of holism, retreated for much of the 20th century into fine-grained cultural studies of seemingly isolated @entity1 communities on the one hand, and highly specialized biological and biobehavioral analyses of only tangential concern to cultural concerns on the other. Consequently, it has appeared at times as if anthropology would fragment into two or more disciplines and the opportunity for an integrated understanding of the @entity1 condition would be lost in the process. As we approach ever closer to the 21st century, however, the felt need for interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary reintegration has grown stronger. This trend is manifest increasingly in the field of @entity167 , @entity286 , and drug studies, and suggests one of the places anthropology may be going in the future. In this light, this paper examines the use of a critical biocultural model employed in the anthropological assessment of the Hartford Syringe Exchange Program. This model integrates the political economy of risk behavior, the ethnographic examination of insider understandings, meaning systems and behaviors, and the biological analysis of health-related issues. Methodologically, the assessment combined methods and concepts from all of the major subfields of anthropology.

title: Toward a bio-cultural and political economic integration of @entity167 , XXXX and drug studies in the coming century.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Three strains of @entity35 were used to examine strain-dependency of @entity4174 -induced @entity137 . CCFHB and CCFY1 outbred albino @entity35 and inbred PVG piebald variegated @entity35 were treated weekly with @entity4174 (200 mg/kg/dose x 4). Fifty-six days later, the @entity35 were killed and reproductive parameters evaluated. Strain-related differences in body, testis, prostate, seminal vesicle weights, testis sperm, intratesticular @entity251 , and [125I]hCG binding to testicular LH receptors were observed. Although treatment with @entity4174 affected testis function in all strains, significant interactions occurred between treatment and strain. @entity7813 binding and stem-cell survival were more severely affected in the inbred strain than in outbred strains. Serum @entity251 increased in the outbred strain but decreased in the inbred strain, generating an interaction that obscured possible main effects. Significant strain-related differences in within-group variances demonstrated that measurements were more variable in the outbred strains than in the inbred strain. Testes of the inbred strain appeared to be more sensitive to the effects of @entity4174 than those of the outbred strains. These data illustrate two important toxicologic phenomena: differences in response variability and differences in target-organ sensitivity, both of which were explained by genetic variability.

title: Strain-dependency of XXXX -induced @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['testicular toxicity']

answer: @entity4174 :: (MESH:D011344,Chemical) :: ['procarbazine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) for the treatment of @entity1103 . METHODS: This prospective, consecutive, noncomparative case series included 51 consecutive @entity1 (26 females and 25 males; mean age, 64 years) with diffuse @entity1103 . Inclusion criteria were determined independently of the size of @entity4 , @entity227 , age, metabolic control, type of @entity6 , or previous treatments beyond a 6-month period. At each visit, @entity1 underwent complete eye examination, including determination of best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement, stereoscopic biomicroscopy of the macula, retinal thickness measurement by optical coherence tomography, @entity941 angiography, and fundus photography. After written informed consent was obtained, all @entity1 were treated with a 0.05-mL injection containing 1.25 mg of bevacizumab. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed 6 weeks of follow-up; 23 (45%) completed 12 weeks of follow-up. Sixteen @entity1 (70%) had received at least two intravitreal injections. All @entity1 had undergone previous treatments, such as focal laser therapy (35%), full-scatter panretinal laser therapy (37%), vitrectomy (12%), and intravitreal injection of @entity2713 (33%). The mean diameter of the foveal avascular zone was 503 micro m, with 49% with values of >500 micro m. At baseline, mean visual acuity +/- SD was 25.88 +/- 14.43 ETDRS letters (0.86 +/- 0.38 logMAR of Snellen letters). Mean central retinal thickness by optical coherence tomography +/- SD was 501 +/- 163 micro m (range, 252-1,031 micro m). Mean visual acuity +/- SD increased to 0.75 +/- 0.37 logMAR of Snellen letters at 6 weeks after injection (P = 0.001), with some regression to 0.84 +/- 0.41 logMAR of Snellen letters after 12 weeks. Changes in ETDRS letters were not significant throughout follow-up. Mean retinal thickness +/- SD decreased to 425 +/- 180 micro m at 2 weeks (P = 0.002), 416 +/- 180 micro m at 6 weeks (P = 0.001), and 377 +/- 117 micro m at 12 weeks (P = 0.001). @entity227 correlated weakly (r = -0.480 and P = 0.03 at 6 weeks; r = -0.462 and P = 0.07 at 12 weeks). The increase of visual acuity after 6 weeks as measured by ETDRS charts could be predicted @entity227 . No other factors investigated, such as age, thickness by optical coherence tomography, or previous treatments, were predictive for the increase in visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Even in cases of diffuse @entity1103 not responding to previous treatments such as photocoagulation, intravitreal injection of @entity2713 , or vitrectomy, improvement of visual acuity and decrease of retinal thickness could be observed after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Although our follow-up period was too short to provide specific treatment recommendations, the short-term results encourage further prospective studies with different treatment groups and longer follow-up.

title: Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) therapy for persistent diffuse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['retinal thickness, visual acuity', 'best by baseline visual acuity', 'Changes of retinal thickness and visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: Candida @entity375 are rarely infectious, but frequently cause life-threatening @entity281 in @entity1 immunocompromised by @entity791 or by immunosuppressive therapeutics. The secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) are known virulence factors of pernicious Candida species. The most virulent, @entity5132 , possesses at least nine SAP genes, some of which are specifically expressed from cells with morphologies associated with virulence. Only one of these proteases, @entity44006 , has been previously purified from @entity375 in sufficient quantities for enzymic studies. The other enzymes are present in low amounts in @entity375 culture and are difficult to purify. As a consequence, enzyme properties, including the substrate specificities, of all Saps are poorly studied. Therefore, four Saps that are known to be expressed in @entity5132 , Sap1, @entity44006 , Sap3 and Sap6, were produced in @entity526 as recombinant zymogens and purified in large quantities. These proenzymes were autoactivated and purified as active proteases. The enzymic properties including the substrate specificities at the P(1) and P(1)' sites were determined using a competitive hydrolysis method employing synthetic substrate mixtures. All four Saps cleave peptide bonds between larger hydrophobic @entity1522 , but these somewhat broad specificities differ in detail among the four enzymes at both sites. At the P(1) site, Sap1, @entity44006 and Sap6 prefer Phe while Sap3 prefers Leu. Positively charged @entity1522 are also accommodated, especially by @entity44006 and Sap3. The specificities at P(1)' are broader than at P(1) for all four enzymes. Sap6 prefers Ala, whereas other Saps prefer Tyr. Acidic side chains are also accommodated at this site. Analysis of substrates with a hydrophobic @entity535 in P(1)' reveals that all the Saps possess a unique preference for Ala at this site. The observed differences of residue preferences among Saps may be utilized for the design of specific substrates and inhibitors.

title: Enzymic characteristics of secreted aspartic proteases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity472 ( @entity472 ) in the newborn is treated by balloon or surgical aortic valve intervention with nearly equal success, but the subset of @entity1 with severe @entity1002 present a significant mortality risk. We describe a two-stage surgical management approach for those @entity1 who represent an unusually high failure risk for either @entity2333 or conventional stage 1 single ventricle (Norwood) palliation because of severe @entity1002 at the time of presentation. METHODS: A two-stage surgical palliation was undertaken consisting of surgical @entity358 banding and atrial septectomy (stage 1), followed by patch closure of the @entity38541 bands (stage 2) with @entity3009 infusion continued between stages to maintain right ventricular contribution to systemic perfusion via the ductus arteriosus. RESULTS: Four neonates with @entity472 and severely depressed LV systolic function were treated using this strategy. @entity5988 resolved and systolic function improved in three @entity1 after 2, 2 and 4 weeks, enabling stage 2. @entity1002 did not improve in one @entity1 who expired before conversion to biventricular circulation. Of the three who proceeded to stage 2, one @entity1 continued to have poor biventricular diastolic function that precluded conversion, and this @entity1 also died. The remaining two @entity1 are now alive and well at 34 and 44 months of age. These two had the most severe @entity5988 (internal dimension Z-scores of 6.9 and 7.7) and the worst systolic function (fractional shortening 4 and 10%) at presentation, and both were born prematurely (32 and 35 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: A two-stage surgical approach may improve the likelihood of survival in selected @entity1 with @entity472 presenting with severely depressed LV systolic function. Relief of LV distention may have contributed to the improvement of LV function in these @entity1 .

title: Two-stage biventricular rehabilitation for critical @entity472 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity38541 :: ('MESH:C567804', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect, ligation of the ductus arteriosus and removal of the pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilation']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valvotomy, bilateral pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valvotomy']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Critical aortic valve stenosis', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dilation and dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: Active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ACD-CPR) has been introduced to improve outcome of CPR after @entity1167 . Usually, ACD-CPR is performed with the rescuer kneeling beside the @entity1 (ACD-B), but ACD-CPR with the rescuer in standing position (ACD-S) has been taught and applied in some centres in addition to conventional ACD-CPR (ACD-B). The aim of this randomised and cross-over study was to evaluate the new technique of ACD-S and to compare it with conventional ACD-B. Twelve professional rescuers (aged 30.8 +/- 7.9 years) applied both methods of ACD-CPR on a manikin. We obtained the following results. (1) Duration of CPR performance was comparable for ACD-S (13.2 +/- 7.1 min) and ACD-B (15.5 +/- 10.2 min, P = 0.48). (2) @entity158 in the upper extremity and @entity158 in the vertebral column were the main reasons for break-off by the rescuers. Exhaustion was judged to be similar during ACD-S (5.3 +/- 2.3) and ACD-B (6.2 +/- 2.1; on a rating scale with 1 = no and 9 = complete exhaustion). (3) @entity26 consumption was significantly higher during ACD-S (P < 0.005), whereas heart rate and @entity880 levels did not differ. (4) Decompression forces were lower than compression forces. The averaged decompression forces in both methods were similar during the first 2 min and the last min. Compression forces decreased in ACD-S from 55.1 to 48.9 kp (P = 0.002) and in ACD-B from 52.8 to 47.0 kp (P = 0.069). We conclude that ACD-CPR in standing position can be considered equal to ACD-B in view of maximal duration of CPR, exhaustion of the rescuers and decompression forces. The decrease of compression forces in ACD-S and ACD-B as well as the difference between compression forces in ACD-S and ACD-B seem to be of no clinical relevance, and exhaustion was judged to be similar despite @entity26 consumption being higher in ACD-S than in ACD-B.

title: Active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation in standing position over the XXXX : pros and cons of a new method.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity519 -inducible factors ( @entity7738 and @entity2032 ) are closely related protein complexes that activate transcription of target genes in response to @entity519 . The immunohistochemical expression of these two proteins was investigated in 144 @entity150 tissue samples and correlated with standard clinicopathological features, in order to elucidate their prognostic significance. We also evaluated their possible associations with other angiogenesis related markers such as microvessel density (MVD), @entity7 , @entity1014 phosphorylase, tenascin, fibronectin, @entity876 and @entity588 to further clarify their implication in @entity5 stroma vascularization. Nuclear @entity7738 expression in @entity5 cells was detected in 57.1% of the cases. A trend of correlation of this expression with poorly differentiated @entity5 was observed. In addition, @entity7738 expression was positively correlated with stromal cells @entity1014 phosphorylase expression. Tumors that were progressed in muscle-infiltrating disease showed a higher @entity7738 expression. A higher @entity7738 expression was also observed in @entity5 with an in situ component. In @entity5 cells, low @entity2032 expression was observed in 6.3%, moderate in 31.9% and high in 61.8% of the cases. A trend of correlation of this expression with MVD was observed. In addition, @entity2032 expression was positively correlated with @entity1014 phosphorylase and fibronectin expression. A lower @entity2032 expression was detected in @entity5 that recurred earlier in univariate methods of analysis. @entity2032 was expressed in @entity5 stroma associated cells in 53.5% of specimens and was correlated with @entity5 stage, @entity1014 phosphorylase and tenascin expression. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of both @entity7738 and @entity2032 between primary and recurrent @entity5 . In multivariate analysis including T stage, T grade, multifocality and T size, both @entity7738 and @entity2032 expression were not considered dependent in the prediction of recurrence or progression. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that @entity7738 and @entity2032 expression may help to predict recurrence or progression to muscle invasive disease but not as independent prognostic factors. In addition, the expression of @entity7738 and @entity2032 , appear to play a role in @entity150 , vascularization possibly and in cooperation with other angiogenic factors.

title: @entity519 -inducible factors @entity7738 and @entity2032 expression in XXXX and their associations with other angiogenesis-related proteins.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advance tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of various intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) protocols used in the treatment of @entity792 . DATA SOURCES: Literature retrieval was accessed through MEDLINE (November 1984-March 2007) and a search was conducted using the term intravenous immunoglobulin. References cited in the selected articles were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Inclusion criteria for studies were (1) English language, (2) randomized controlled trials, (3) defined protocols, (4) a minimum of 15 @entity1 , and (5) objective criteria provided to assess clinical outcomes and course. DATA SYNTHESIS: The therapeutic efficacy of IVIG therapy is well established, and defined protocols exist for treatment of @entity573 , immune @entity882 , @entity5011 , @entity32 demyelinating @entity305 , @entity1897 , and autoimmune mucocutaneous @entity4530 . In the absence of a defined protocol, studies have demonstrated that IVIG therapy is effective in the treatment of @entity1737 , @entity6017 , @entity14957 , antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive @entity13571 , @entity6875 , and certain forms of @entity1252 . It might also be of benefit in some @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 . The outcomes are variable in these studies. In @entity137 and @entity6715 , use of IVIG has dramatically influenced clinical response and reduced mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative evidence suggests that the clinical outcomes observed are significantly influenced by the use of a defined protocol. There is a need for multicenter trials approved by the Food and Drug Administration to better define the role of IVIG in many disease states. Such studies would be able to establish the indications for use, optimal dose, frequency of infusions, duration of therapy, and need for gradual withdrawal versus sudden cessation. Defined protocols resulting from the study of a large cohort of @entity1 often convince insurance companies to create policies that provide access to IVIG therapy.

title: Efficacy of various intravenous immunoglobulin therapy protocols in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vasculitides']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['blistering diseases']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy"]

entities_list: @entity14957 :: ('MESH:D016750', 'Disease') :: ['stiff person syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and the safety of a combination regimen of @entity416 and @entity632 as salvage chemotherapy in advanced @entity356 @entity1 who had undergone one or two prior chemotherapy regimens. METHODS: @entity1 received @entity416 , 2,500 mg/m(2)/day PO for 14 days (D1-14) and @entity632 , 30 mg/m(2) IV on day 1 every 3 weeks until disease progression. The response was evaluated according to RECIST criteria, and the @entity137 was evaluated by NCI-CTC (version 2.0). RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 were enrolled. Twenty-six @entity1 were treated as second-line chemotherapy and the remaining @entity1 as third-line chemotherapy. A total of 152 cycles of chemotherapy (median 2, range 1-12) were administered. Median dose intensities of @entity416 and @entity632 were 11,326 and 9.6 mg/m(2)/week, respectively. The overall response rate was 6.7% (95% CI, 4.1-12.5%) and the disease control rate was 46.7% (95% CI, 28.6-87.1%) according to an intent-to-treat analysis. The median progression-free survival was 11.3 weeks (95% CI, 5.6-16.7 weeks). The median overall survival was 29.1 weeks (95% CI, 18.3-39.9 weeks) with one-year survival rate of 24%. Severe (grade III/IV) hematologic and non-hematologic @entity137 was uncommon and included @entity1209 in five (11.1%), @entity1398 in two (4.4%), @entity417 in one (2.2%), and @entity8566 in one @entity1 (2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity416 and @entity632 is a feasible salvage regimen in advanced pre-treated @entity356 .

title: XXXX and @entity632 combination chemotherapy as salvage therapy in pretreated advanced @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['Capecitabine']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the effects of @entity5937 on the weights of pregnant @entity35 , on the food and water consumption during gestation, litters weight at birth, the number of litters at birth and the accumulation of @entity219 in selected organs of the litters. @entity5937 in the dose of 1 mg/l and 20 mg/l drinking water was administered to both pregnant and non-pregnant for the period of gestation. The results indicated a significant [P < 0.005] increase in body weights of pregnant @entity35 when compared with the corresponding controls (non-pregnant and @entity219 free @entity35 ). The values of food consumption in the pregnant @entity35 during 1st, 2nd and 3rd week were significantly [P < 0.05] higher than the value obtained for the non-pregnant and the control of non-pregnant @entity35 . Pregnant @entity35 administered with 20 mg/l of @entity219 drinking water showed a sharp decline in the food consumption from the 3rd week and this was continuous till the end of gestation. The quantity of water consumed by pregnant @entity35 was significantly [P < 0.005] higher than the control group ( @entity219 free non-pregnant @entity35 ). Non-pregnant @entity35 that received 1 mg/l of @entity219 drinking water significantly [P < 0.05] consumed more water than those that received 20 mg/l @entity219 drinking water. There was no significant difference between maternal weights of the experimental and control @entity35 at parturition. @entity35 administered with 1 mg/l @entity219 delivered the biggest litters-size, which was significantly [P < 0.05] different from either those administered with 20 mg/l of @entity219 drinking water or @entity219 free water respectively. The weights of the liver, thyroid, and pancreas from the litters were significantly [P < 0.05] higher than those from the control @entity35 . The liver was found to accumulate significant [P < 0.05] higher concentration of @entity219 when compared with the control group.

title: Some effects of XXXX on maternal and fetal intergrity in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity5937 :: ('CHEBI:35176', 'Chemical') :: ['Zinc sulphate', 'zinc sulphate']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: An immunocytochemical and cytochemical study has been made on the ultrastructural localisation of type III (endothelial) @entity842 synthase, @entity1827 and the binding sites of lectin from Bandeirea simplicifolia to the endothelium surface-associated glycoproteins in the @entity35 left common carotid artery at 1 and 28 d after Fogarty embolectomy balloon catheter-induced injury. Controls were carotid arteries from sham operated @entity35 . In the controls, the immunoreactivity to @entity842 synthase-III and @entity1827 was localised in different proportions in vascular endothelial cells (36.9% +/- 4.3 and 7.6% +/- 2.7, respectively); immunoreactivity was confined to the cytoplasm and the membranes of intracellular organelles and structures. In contrast, staining with lectin was localised on the luminal surface of all endothelial cells. 1 d after injury, platelets were adherent to the endothelium-denuded intima. Some of the platelets displayed, immunoreactivity to @entity842 synthase-III and @entity1827 and were stained with lectin. 28 d after injury, a neointimal thickening of substantial size was present. Subpopulations of the regrown endothelial cells covering the luminal surface of the @entity8233 showed positive immunoreactivity to @entity842 synthase-III and @entity1827 but there was a significant decrease in the proportion of @entity842 synthase-III-containing endothelial cells (17.2% +/- 1.9; P < 0.001) and a significant increase in the proportion of @entity1827 -containing endothelial cells (36.9% +/- 4.7; P < 0.001) compared with the controls. Staining with lectin was associated with the cell membrane of all endothelial cells and in addition with cells located 'deeper' in the @entity8233 which showed lectin-positive plasmalemma, Golgi complex and multivesicular bodies/lysosomes. In conclusion, regenerated endothelial cells of the @entity8233 showed reduced population (2-fold) of @entity842 synthase-III-and increased population (5-fold) @entity1827 -positive cells. The subendothelial location of some lectin-stained cells after balloon catheter injury indicates the heterogeneity of the @entity8233 and suggests that some of these cells are involved in early angiogenesis. 24 h and 28 d after injury some platelets showed positive immunoreactivity for @entity842 synthase-III and @entity1827 .

title: Ultrastructural localisation of XXXX synthase, endothelin and binding sites of lectin (from Bandeirea simplicifolia) in the @entity35 carotid artery after balloon catheter injury.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Older adults in the U.S. have high rates of @entity28 . Despite the demonstrated efficacy of lifestyle interventions among older adults, lifestyle interventions are not widely implemented in community settings. Program delivery by lay health educators (LHEs) might support greater dissemination because of lower delivery cost and greater accessibility. We examined the costs of a LHE-delivered translation of the @entity6 Prevention Program (DPP) evidence-based lifestyle intervention for older adults in Arkansas senior centers. METHODS: This examination of costs used data from a cluster randomized control trial (conducted 2008-2010) in which 7 senior centers (116 @entity1 ) were randomized to implement a LHE-delivered 12-session translation of the DPP lifestyle intervention. We compiled direct lifestyle intervention implementation costs, including training, recruitment, materials, and ongoing intervention implementation support. Weight loss data (at 4-month follow-up) were collected from @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 weight loss averaged 3.7kg at 4-months. The total estimated cost to implement the lifestyle intervention is  2731 per senior center, or  165 per @entity1 . The implementation cost per kilogram lost is  45. CONCLUSIONS: A LHE-delivered DPP translation in senior centers is effective in achieving weight loss at low cost and offers promise for the dissemination of this evidence-based intervention.

title: Examination of costs for a lay health educator-delivered translation of the XXXX Prevention Program in senior centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participant']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast @entity5 survivors suffer physical impairment after oncology treatment. This impairment reduces quality of life (QoL) and increase the prevalence of handicaps associated to unhealthy lifestyle (for example, decreased aerobic capacity and strength, @entity1017 , and @entity1295 ). Recent work has shown that exercise adapted to individual characteristics of @entity1 is related to improved overall and disease-free survival. Nowadays, technological support using telerehabilitation systems is a promising strategy with great advantage of a quick and efficient contact with the health professional. It is not known the role of telerehabilitation through therapeutic exercise as a support tool to implement an active lifestyle which has been shown as an effective resource to improve fitness and @entity85 of these @entity1 . METHODS / DESIGN: This study will use a two-arm, assessor blinded, parallel randomized controlled trial design. @entity1 will be eligible if: their diagnosis is of stages I, II, or IIIA @entity0 ; they are without chronic disease or orthopedic issues that would interfere with ability to participate in a physical activity program; they had access to the Internet and basic knowledge of computer use or living with a relative who has this knowledge; they had completed adjuvant therapy except for hormone therapy and not have a history of @entity5 recurrence; and they have an interest in improving lifestyle. @entity1 will be randomized into e-CUIDATE or usual care groups. E-CUIDATE give @entity1 access to a range of contents: planning exercise arranged in series with breathing exercises, mobility, strength, and stretching. All of these exercises will be assigned to @entity1 in the telerehabilitation group according to perceived needs. The control group will be asked to maintain their usual routine. Study endpoints will be assessed after 8 weeks (immediate effects) and after 6 months. The primary outcome will be QoL measured by The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 version 3.0 and breast module called The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Breast @entity5 -Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. The secondary outcomes: @entity158 (algometry, Visual Analogue Scale, Brief @entity158 Inventory short form); body composition; physical measurement (abdominal test, handgrip strength, back muscle strength, and multiple sit-to-stand test); @entity410 (International Fitness Scale, 6-minute walk test, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form); @entity1295 (Piper Fatigue Scale and Borg Fatigue Scale); @entity148 and @entity308 ( @entity148 and @entity308 Scale); cognitive function ( @entity2205 Making Test and Auditory Consonant Trigram); accelerometry; @entity4269 ; and anthropometric perimeters. DISCUSSION: This study investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of a telerehabilitation system during adjuvant treatment of @entity1 with @entity0 . If this treatment option is effective, telehealth systems could offer a choice of supportive care to @entity5 @entity1 during the survivorship phase. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01801527.

title: Telehealth system (e-CUIDATE) to improve quality of life in XXXX survivors: rationale and study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'People']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['reduce musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity16 may be seen in 5-30% of the @entity1 with @entity2403 ( @entity2403 ). Occasionally, parenchymal neurological involvement in @entity2403 can present as a @entity602 . However, @entity4681 -like presentation is extremely uncommon. Here we are reporting five @entity1 (all male; median age, 38) fulfilling both International Study Group criteria for @entity2403 and El Escorial criteria for @entity746 ( @entity746 ). These @entity1 were identified by a questionnaire sent to the members of the Neuro-Behcet Study Group of the International Study Group for @entity2403 . Three out of five @entity1 had only motor presentations. In two @entity1 , sensory and urinary manifestations were present as well. Spinal cord MRIs were normal in all, and brain MRIs were normal in four @entity1 ; one @entity1 had nonspecific white matter changes. Two @entity1 passed away 1-3 years after diagnosis of @entity746 , and two @entity1 were lost to follow-up 3 and 11 years after admission; one @entity1 is still alive 3 years after onset. The @entity1 that are presented here might represent a rare form of neurological involvement in @entity2403 as well as sole coincidence. Larger prospective series are needed to further answer this issue.

title: Association of @entity746 and XXXX : is there a relationship? A multi-national case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological involvement']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ['BD', "Behcet's disease"]

answer: @entity2403 :: (MESH:D001528,Disease) :: ['Behcet's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We summarize our experience of endoscopic treatment of @entity344 with fibrin glue. @entity1 AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 30 @entity1 with @entity344 (9 internal and 21 external) refractory to standard conservative treatment for at least 10 days. Once the @entity292 was endoscopically located, 4 to 8 ml of reconstituted fibrin glue (Tissucol 2.0) at 37 degrees C was injected through a Duplocath catheter on a weekly basis. RESULTS: The mean age was 59 years (32-87) and 63% were @entity1 . A total of 21.9% of the @entity1 had high output @entity292 . We were able to find all fistular orifices what were located close to the surgical @entity254 . Healing time was 17 days (4-90); 2.8 sessions were required per @entity1 (1-5) but only 2.3 sessions were required in responders. @entity292 was achieved in 75%; (80% in low-output, 25% in high-output and 55.5% in internal @entity292 ). The frequency of @entity292 recurrence was 3.3%. No complications related to the sealing procedure were found. Overall mortality was 10%, but only 6.6% was related to persistence of the @entity292 . CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic treatment of @entity292 with biological glue has a high success rate in sealing without complications, helping to speed up the healing process and reduce costs, particularly in low-output enterocutaneous @entity292 .

title: [Endoscopic treatment of XXXX with biological fibrin glue].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'Complete sealing of fistulas', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal fistulas']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal fistulas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To screen the @entity105 associated genes in @entity356 by gene chip. METHODS: U133A (Affymetrix Santa Clara, CA) gene chip was used to detect differentially expressed genes in @entity5 tissues, paratumor mucosa and normal mucosa. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the screened results. RESULTS: A total of 150 genes were detected with a difference of expression levels more than 3 times in paratumor mucosa compared with normal gastric mucosa, 130 of which were up-regulated and 20 down-regulated. According to the function classifications of the differentially expressed genes, the most common ones were enzyme and enzyme regulon activity associated genes(28, 18.7% ). The frequencies of nuclei acid binding activity associated genes,signal transduction associated genes and protein binding associated genes were 11.3%, 10%, and 8.7% respectively. Seventy-one differentially expressed genes were detected both in @entity5 tissues and paratumor mucosa compared with normal mucosa, 61 of which were up-regulated and 10 down-regulated. Among these 71 genes,e leven genes were localized on chromosome 19, 6 on chromosome 1, 2, 16, 17 respectively. No abnormal differentially expressed gene were detected on chromosome 5, 14, 22 and Y. CONCLUSIONS: These 71 genes differentially expressed both in @entity5 tissues and paratumor mucosa may be associated with @entity105 of @entity356 . The four kinds of genes associated with enzyme and enzyme regulon activity, nuclei acid binding activity, signal transduction, and protein binding should be the main genes for the study of @entity105 in @entity356 .

title: [Screening of @entity105 associated genes in XXXX by gene chip].

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: LytA, the main autolysin of @entity328 , was the first member of the bacterial @entity40296 amidase (NAM-amidase) family of proteins to be well characterized. This autolysin degrades the peptidoglycan bonds of pneumococcal cell walls after anchoring to the @entity1877 residues of the cell wall teichoic acids via its @entity1877 -binding module (ChBM). The latter is composed of seven repeats (ChBRs) of approximately 20 @entity535 residues. The translation product of the lytA gene is the low-activity E-form of LytA (a monomer), which can be "converted" (activated) in vitro by @entity1877 into the fully active C-form at low temperature. The C-form is a homodimer with a boomerang-like shape. To study the structural requirements for the monomer-to-dimer modification and to clarify whether "conversion" is synonymous with dimerization, the biochemical consequences of replacing four key @entity535 residues of ChBR6 and ChBR7 (the repeats involved in dimer formation) were determined. The results obtained with a collection of 21 mutated NAM-amidases indicate that Ile-315 is a key @entity535 residue in both LytA activity and folding. @entity1522 with a marginal position in the solenoid structure of the ChBM were of minor influence in dimer stability; neither the size, polarity, nor aromatic nature of the replacement @entity1522 affected LytA activity. In contrast, truncated proteins were @entity73 in their activity and conversion capacity. The results indicate that dimerization and conversion are different processes, but they do not answer the questions of whether conversion can only be achieved after a dimer formation step.

title: Key role of @entity535 residues in the dimerization and catalytic activation of the autolysin LytA, an important virulence factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity40296 :: ('CHEBI:28920', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acids', 'amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['drastically impaired']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify and compare the reduction in quality of life due to @entity227 using @entity1 preferences (utilities). METHODS: Using a standard time tradeoff method, we obtained utilities for current vision, monocular and @entity1939 , @entity951 , and moderate @entity951 in 60 @entity1 with both vision problems and @entity951 who sought care at the National Eye Institute (NEI), National Naval Medical Center, or Barnes-Jewish Hospital. @entity1 were characterized clinically based on visual acuity and the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI). @entity1 also completed a seven-item version of the NEI Visual Functioning Questionnaire and the SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity1 had a median visual acuity of 20/100 in the worst eye, 20/40 in the better eye, and a median DASI of 24.2 (0 = severe functional limitations due to anginal symptoms, 58.2 = no limitations). There was substantial variation in utilities among @entity1 . The average utility for current vision (relative to ideal vision [= 1.0] and death [= 0.0]) was 0.82; the average utility for @entity951 (relative to no @entity951 [= 1.0] and death [ = 0.0]) was 0.89. Among 26 @entity1 with both @entity227 and @entity1109 , the decrement in utility (on a scale ranging from ideal health [= 1.0] to death [= 0.0]) imposed by current @entity227 was greater than that imposed by current @entity951 (0.146 versus 0.072, p=0.08, Wilcoxon signed rank test). The decrement in utility associated with @entity1939 was greater than the decrement associated with the symptoms of moderate @entity951 (0.477 versus 0.039, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical status is not a surrogate for @entity1 @entity227 . There is substantial variation in utilities within the study population for both experienced and @entity73 states which is not explained by variations in clinical status. Some states of @entity227 may pose a greater quality of life @entity1109 . Because @entity1 preferences for vision vary greatly, individual assessment is warranted for consideration in therapeutic decision making.

title: Utility-based estimates of the relative morbidity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['preferences regarding vision impairment or angina', 'visual impairment and angina', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['theoretical impairment']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['recent anginal symptoms', 'burden than anginal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['binocular blindness']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['current angina', 'angina symptoms', 'angina pectoris', 'angina']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual impairment and angina']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the value of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) in the intraoperative assessment of vascular invasion of soft tissue @entity242 . METHODS: In a 4-year interval, of 337 @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 , 20 @entity1 with @entity5 of the lower limb in close relation to the neurovascular bundle underwent intraoperative @entity5642 (20 MHz). Intraoperative findings were correlated with preoperative imaging, histopathological appearance of the resection specimen and @entity1 outcome. RESULTS: Intraoperative @entity5642 was technically successful in all 20 @entity1 . It correctly predicted vascular involvement (true positive) in ten of 11 @entity1 who required resection of major vessels. There was one false-negative and one false-positive result. With magnetic resonance imaging, there were ten true-positive and three false-positive scans, and one false-negative diagnosis. @entity5642 improved the assessment of vascular involvement in four of the 20 @entity1 . Histopathological examination confirmed complete resection (R0) in 18 @entity1 . Mean survival was 37 months, and no local recurrence was observed in these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Vascular infiltration by soft tissue @entity242 can be visualized accurately by @entity5642 . This may improve intraoperative decisions about vessel resection.

title: Resection of soft tissue @entity242 of the lower limb after evaluation of vascular invasion with intraoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVUS', 'intravascular ultrasonography']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['intravascular ultrasonography']


abstract: Up to 30% of @entity1 relapse after orthognathic operations, and one reason might be incomplete neuromuscular adaptation of the masticatory muscles. Displacement of the mandible in sagittal or vertical directions, or both, leads to stretching or compression of these muscles. The aim of this study was to analyse stretching factors in 35 @entity1 with @entity8895 or prognathism of the mandible (Classes II and III). Tissue samples were taken from both sides of the @entity7871 (anterior and posterior) both before and 6 months after operation. Developmental myosin heavy chains @entity41503 and @entity41504 , the fast and slow MYH 1, 2, and 7, and @entity2247 , forkhead transcription factor (FOX)O3a, calcineurin, and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)1c (stretching and regeneration-specific), were analysed by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Correlations of Class II and III with sagittal and vertical cephalometric measurements ANB and ML-NL-angle were examined, and the results showed significant differences in amounts of @entity41504 (p<0.05), @entity41505 (p<0.05), and @entity16389 (p<0.05) between the 2 groups. Regeneration factor @entity2247 is more dominant in Class II. Surgically, @entity18521 (ML/NL angle) correlated with stretching indicators @entity16389 , calcineurin, and NFAT1c only in Class II @entity1 . This means that stretching of the @entity7871 caused by lengthening of the mandible and raising of the bite in Class II @entity1 was more likely to lead to relapse (similar to that in @entity1 with open bite) than in Class III @entity1 . In conclusion, deep bite should be reduced more by incisor intrusion than by skeletal opening. The focus in these @entity1 should be directed towards physiotherapeutic strengthening of the muscles of mastication, and more consideration should be given to change in the vertical dimension.

title: Genetic stretching factors in XXXX after orthognathic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8895 :: ('MESH:D063173', 'Disease') :: ['retrognathism']

entities_list: @entity7871 :: ('MESH:D014313', 'Disease') :: ['masseter muscle']

entities_list: @entity18521 :: ('MESH:D024343', 'Disease') :: ['bite opening']

answer: @entity7871 :: (MESH:D014313,Disease) :: ['masseter muscle']


abstract: We retrospectively studied the results achieved in adolescent and adult @entity1 with @entity306 , following management of chronically @entity158 @entity572 with the McHale procedure. Thirteen @entity1 with seventeen procedures were included in the study. The indication for surgery was @entity158 in all @entity1 . Limitation in sitting was also reported in eight cases and nursing care was difficult in ten of thirteen @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent clinical and radiological examination of the hips, and a questionnaire was answered by both parents and caretakers. Improvement was noted in all @entity1 with respect to @entity158 . In six @entity1 sitting was tolerated for longer intervals and 10 out of 13 @entity1 were easier to nurse owing to improved mobility of the hip. Although these results appear promising, the procedure had a high complication rate, including @entity2736 , @entity158 caused by hardware, @entity174 and @entity358 , for which a second procedure was necessary in several cases. There was also in several cases a prolonged period of @entity158 postoperatively, for which an additional procedure was needed in eight @entity1 . The McHale procedure is a technique that can provide @entity158 relief and improvement in motion. There is however a high incidence of failure and complications.

title: The McHale procedure in the treatment of the XXXX chronically dislocated hip in adolescents and adults with @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dislocated hips']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['residual pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is an environmental risk factor for developing @entity195 . This may be due, in part, to changes associated with @entity5357 ( @entity477 ) plaque formation, which can occur within hours after injury, regardless of the @entity1 's age. In addition to being precursors of toxic fibrils that deposit into plaques, soluble (nonfibrillar) @entity477 peptides are posited to disrupt synaptic function and are associated with @entity73 in @entity195 . Changes in soluble @entity477 levels and their relationship to @entity477 plaque formation following @entity131 are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To quantify brain tissue levels of soluble @entity477 peptides and their precursor protein in relation to @entity477 plaque formation after @entity131 in @entity1 . DESIGN: Surgically resected temporal cortex tissue from @entity1 with severe @entity131 was processed for biochemical assays of soluble @entity477 peptides with @entity1473 -termini ending in @entity535 40 ( @entity477 (40)) or 42 ( @entity477 (42)) and @entity477 precursor protein to compare @entity1 with cortical @entity477 plaques and those without. @entity1 Nineteen subjects admitted to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center for treatment of severe @entity6075 . RESULTS: @entity1 with severe @entity131 and cortical plaques had higher levels of soluble @entity477 (1-42) but not @entity477 (1-40); half of them were @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) epsilon4 allele carriers. The lowest @entity477 levels were in 1 @entity1 without plaques who was the only subject with an @entity2204 epsilon2 allele. beta-Amyloid precursor protein levels were comparable in the 2 @entity131 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Selective increases in soluble @entity477 (1-42) after @entity131 may predispose individuals with a @entity1545 to @entity195 pathology. This may be influenced by the @entity2204 genotype, and it may confer increased risk for developing @entity195 later in life.

title: Association of increased cortical soluble abeta42 levels with diffuse plaques after severe @entity1545 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['beta-amyloid']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head injury']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: The angiogenic aspect of neurotrophins and their receptors rather than the neuroscientific aspect has been focused. However, their role in @entity8038 is underdiscovered. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of neurotrophin receptors in @entity8038 and the mechanisms of their action. To identify the expression of @entity26303 ( @entity26303 ) in developing retina, tissues of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 26 day-old @entity19 were prepared for experiments. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double staining against glial fibrillary acidic protein and type IV collagen were performed. @entity26303 was expressed mainly along the vessel structure in inner part of retina, especially in retinal astrocyte. In cultured primary astrocyte, recombinant @entity10788 ( @entity10788 ) was used to activate @entity26303 . @entity10788 induced the phosphorylation of @entity26303 , and it also enhanced the level of activated @entity1994 and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) mRNA. Inhibition of @entity3115 ( @entity3115 ) reversed the @entity10788 -induced activation of these two molecules. This study demonstrated that @entity26303 activation on @entity10788 leads to @entity1611 elevation by @entity3115 - @entity1994 pathway and therefore suggested that @entity26303 could be a stimulator of @entity8038 .

title: XXXX -mediated @entity1611 expression of astrocyte in @entity8038 .

entities_list: @entity26303 :: ('18211(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['tropomyosin receptor kinase receptor', 'TrkA', 'Trk']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular development']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity10788 :: (18049(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Nerve growth factor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION. The pathogenesis of essential @entity101 (EH) has a major genetic component and is associated with @entity8 . Normotensive offspring of @entity101 parents are likely to develop EH and are a suitable population for identifying possible relations between genetic and @entity8 . METHODS: We investigated if @entity916 -angiotensinaldosterone system associated genotypes ( @entity2178 [ @entity7742 ] and ACE [I/D]) are related to blood pressure (BP), renal haemodynamics and @entity1372 excretion in sex and age-matched (1835 years) healthy Caucasian offspring of either two parents with EH (n=101, EH-offspring) or two normotensive parents (n=50, controls). The alpha-adducin polymorphism (G460W) was also investigated. RESULTS: Compared to controls, BP, heart rate, renal vascular resistance (RVR) and urinary @entity1372 excretion were, respectively, 5%, 7%, 15% and 20% higher in EHoffspring. In controls, the TT-genotype of the @entity7742 @entity2178 polymorphism was associated with higher BP and higher plasma @entity2178 . By contrast, in EHoffspring the TT-genotype was associated with lower BP and unchanged plasma @entity2178 . Plasma @entity2178 correlated positively with BP in EH-offspring, with a similar tendency (p=0.08) in controls. The distributions of the three candidate polymorphisms were similar in EH-offspring and controls. There were no associations between any of the polymorphisms and any of the renal parameters measured. CONCLUSION: The markedly greater RVR, proportionally larger than the greater BP, supports a role for RVR in the pathogenesis of EH. The lack of association between the candidate polymorphisms and the investigated parameters, even in this homogenous and for @entity101 strongly predisposed group, suggests that the polymorphisms investigated do not play important roles in the pathogenesis of @entity101 .

title: Renal haemodynamics are not related to genotypes in offspring of parents with essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity8314 is a syndrome characterized by @entity6015 and/or @entity3830 in the presence of maternal autoantibodies. We report a female newborn with cutaneous lesions of the @entity8314 born to a clinically asymptomatic mother. She presented with erythematous maculopapules on the face, neck and upper trunk at birth. Complete blood cell count showed @entity1431 and @entity882 . Antinuclear antibodies, anti-Ro/SSA and anti- @entity6016 antibodies were positive in the mother and @entity1 . The @entity272 became annular, erythematous and slightly scaling three weeks later. A skin biopsy performed at seven weeks of age showed @entity4 of the dermis and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration. Immunofluorescent studies showed immune complex deposition of IgG an IgM in the basal zone of epidermis. She received supportive treatment and sun avoidance. @entity1503 recovered by nine weeks of age. @entity272 faded gradually during the following four months, leaving @entity4182 and @entity8721 .

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['residual hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity8314 :: ('MESH:C536397', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal lupus erythematosus', 'neonatal lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity6015 :: ('MESH:C535758', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart block']

answer: @entity8314 :: (MESH:C536397,Disease) :: ['Neonatal lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity6 is an infrequent @entity1735 @entity209 with an estimated incidence of approximately one case every 400,000 to 600,000 live newborns. We present the case of a 1-month-old @entity1 with @entity146 , @entity2011 , and a 24-h history of eagerness to feed, without @entity221 or other associated symptoms. The @entity1 's karyotype, obtained by amniocentesis, was 46XX with a pericentric chromosome 9 inversion. Her birth weight and length were 2,230 g (-2.65 SD) and 46 cm (-1.8 SD), respectively. Glycemic determinations during the first 72 h of extrauterine life oscillated between 90 and 157 mg/dl. Physical examination revealed general involvement, skin and @entity33 , evident signs of @entity2700 , and impaired awareness. Laboratory tests revealed glycemia: 1552 mg/dL, pH 7.16, pCO2: 23.7 mmHg; @entity3157 : 8.1 mEq/L, base excess: -19.1, and positive @entity1270 . After initial stabilization, the @entity1 was treated with intravenous fluids and continuous intravenous regular insulin infusion (initial dose 0.03-0.05 IU/kg/h). After intensive treatment, breast feeding was restored and a short-acting insulin analog was administered subcutaneously after every feed (0.1 to 0.3 IU according to capillary glycemic determinations). Insulin requirements decreased and were discontinued when the @entity1 was 5 months old. Currently, the @entity1 is 2 years and 7 months old and her glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin levels are normal. Anti-islet (ICA and GAD) and anti-tyrosin phosphatase ( @entity9217 ) antibodies were absent, as were mutations in the @entity14224 gene ( @entity14224 ).

title: [ XXXX and pericentric chromosome 9 inversion].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal pallor']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketonemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism disorder']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Transitory neonatal diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dieulafoy's lesion has unique endoscopic and histopathologic characteristics. This is a clinical trial of endoscopic therapy in 24 @entity1 with @entity75 . METHODS: @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to initial endoscopic treatment method. Data were analyzed with respect to clinical and endoscopic characteristics as well as outcomes. The 24 @entity1 were evenly divided into mechanical (9 hemoclipping, 3 band ligation) and injection groups (12). RESULTS: The average number of therapeutic endoscopic sessions needed to achieve permanent hemostasis for the mechanical and injection groups were 1.17 and 1.67, respectively. Initial hemostasis was achieved in 91.7% of @entity1 undergoing mechanical therapy and 75% of those undergoing injection therapy, with none in the former group needing subsequent surgery in comparison to 17% of the latter group. The rate of recurrent @entity548 in the mechanical therapy group was significantly lower in comparison to the injection therapy group (8.3% versus 33.3%, p < 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Higher efficacy in terms of initial hemostasis and less recurrent @entity548 was achieved by mechanical hemostatic therapy with hemoclip and band ligation compared with injection therapy. Endoscopic mechanical therapy is recommended as effective for @entity548 @entity75 .

title: Bleeding XXXX and the choice of endoscopic method: comparing the hemostatic efficacy of mechanical and injection methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ["Dieulafoy's lesions"]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Dieulafoy's lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution and characteristics of the NANDA taxonomy I nursing diagnosis of   @entity258   ( @entity258 ) and its related factors in Primary Care @entity1 from the towns of Fuenlabrada and Legan  s in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, in the period 2003-2009. METHOD: An observational retrospective case series of @entity1 diagnosed by their Primary Care nurse with @entity258 according to the NANDA I taxonomy. This case series was performed in the towns of Fuenlabrada and Leganes (Madrid). Descriptive analysis of the variables obtained from the database management software for electronic health records in Primary Care (OMI AP). Data observed in percentages. The main variable is 00120 NANDA I diagnosis: @entity258 . A total of 342 care plans with a @entity258 diagnosis having completed all the nursing process phases. The NANDA, NOC and NIC classifications were used for the diagnostic formulas, the performance criteria to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of care, and the interventions that were performed to achieve them. The assessment of the nursing process was made according to the Marjory Gordon Functional Health Patterns. RESULTS: The incidence between 2003 and 2009 increased 8-fold. The large majority (80%) were @entity1 , with 52.4% between 40 and 64 years. Eighteen percent of the cases were closed, with 88% positively resolved. The most frequent distinctive characteristic was   negative self-verbalization   (26.5%). The main related factors were   disturbed body image   (23.8%). The most established NOC was   to improve the self-esteem   (41.3%) and its evolution was positive in 61%. Just over half (53.2%) of the interventions were   to increase facing up to responsibilities   and   to boost self-esteem  . More than half (55%) of the diagnoses were made due to psychological causes, with episodes of a feeling @entity148 in 33%. CONCLUSIONS: Although the approach is still difficul, the resolution of psychosocial problems, particularly those of self-esteem, continue to improve. The diagnoses with follow-up show positive results. We must increase our knowledge of psychosocial problems and communication skills in order to respond to the current demands of the population.

title: [Follow-up of primary care XXXX with a NANDA I nursing diagnosis of low self-esteem].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['situational low self-esteem', 'SLS']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-nervousness-tension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The majority of @entity1 @entity5 have aberrancies in the @entity995 ( @entity995 ) pathway. Loss in @entity995 function results from the phosphorylation and inactivation of @entity995 by the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), main regulators of cell cycle progression. Thus, modulators of cdks may have a role in the treatment of @entity1 @entity5 . @entity13449 , the first cdk modulator tested in clinical trials, demonstrates interesting preclinical features: cell cycle block, induction of apoptosis, promotion of differentiation, inhibition of angiogenic processes and modulation of transcriptional events. Initial clinical trials with infusional @entity13449 demonstrated activity in some @entity1 with @entity703 . Main side effects were @entity294 and @entity551 . Phase 2 trials with infusional @entity13449 , other schedules and combination with standard chemotherapies are ongoing. The second cdk modulator tested in clinical trials, @entity42840 , is a @entity6164 inhibitor that can also modulate cdk activity. Similar to @entity13449 , @entity42840 blocks cell cycle progression and promotes apoptosis. Moreover, @entity42840 may abrogate checkpoints induced by @entity1642 due to inhibition of @entity23902 kinase. The first clinical trial of @entity42840 demonstrated very prolonged half-life (approximately 600 h), due to high binding affinity of @entity42840 to the @entity1 alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. Main side effects were @entity10 , @entity391 , @entity519 and @entity4854 . Clinical activity was observed in some @entity1 with @entity320 and @entity706 . Trials of shorter infusions of @entity42840 or in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents are ongoing. Although several important basic and clinical questions remain unanswered, development of cdk modulators is a reasonable strategy for @entity5 therapy.

title: Small molecule modulators of cyclin-dependent kinases for XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13449 :: ('MESH:C077990', 'Chemical') :: ['flavopiridol', 'Flavopiridol']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'Rb']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['genotoxic stress']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas and renal, colon gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A radiographic review of 78 consecutive @entity1 with @entity179 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between rotary olisthesis and neural canal dimensions using radiographic indexes and to establish a gradation system of lateral rotatory olisthesis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity179 is a three-dimensional deformity often associated with @entity612 , although the association is not well defined. METHODS: A total of 78 consecutive @entity1 (average age, 69 years) with de novo @entity179 (79% lumbar, 21% thoracolumbar; average curve, 25 degrees) were studied with plain radiographs and MRI at presentation. Radiographic measurements included lateral translation, anteroposterior olisthesis, Cobb angle, and @entity717 (Nash-Moe grade difference). Computerized measurements of MRI included dural sac cross-sectional area and anteroposterior diameter, minimum subarticular height, and foramen cross-sectional area bilaterally (convexity and concavity). Measurements were conducted twice on each lumbar level (total, 312) and the average was recorded. RESULTS: Lateral translation 5 mm or less (Grade I) was associated with Nash-Moe change 0 (23%) or I (77%), lateral translation 6-10 mm (Grade II) was coupled with Nash-Moe change 0 (20%) or I (80%) and lateral deviation more than 11 mm (Grade III) was associated with I (76%) or II (24%) Nash-Moe change. Maximum @entity717 tended to be at either L2-L3 (48%) or L3-L4 (39%). Increased lateral translation was associated with increased @entity717 (r = 0.37, P < 0.001). Increased anteroposterior olisthesis was associated with decreased anteroposterior diameter (r = -0.18, P < 0.001) and cross-sectional area (r = -0.11, P < 0.05) of the dural sac. Larger segmental Cobb angles were associated with greater foraminal cross-sectional area in the convexity (r = 0.12, P < 0.05). In the concavity, there was no significant correlation (P > 0.05) between indexes of rotary olisthesis and foraminal area or subarticular height. Cross-sectional foraminal area and subarticular height were significantly larger in the convexity than in the concavity of the scoliotic levels. CONCLUSIONS: In degenerative scoliotic curves, lateral translation is associated with rotation. Increased rotary olisthesis does not lead to decreased dural sac area. Anteroposterior olisthesis is inversely correlated to the dural sac anteroposterior diameter and cross-sectional area. With @entity1347 , foraminal cross-sectional area enlarges in the convexity and does not decrease in the concavity. Presence of @entity717 alone does not appear to be associated with reduced neural canal dimensions. Ligamentum flavum @entity1184 , @entity1797 , and @entity8032 are more likely to contribute to stenosis irrespective of @entity1635 .

title: XXXX : radiographic correlation of lateral rotatory olisthesis with neural canal dimensions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['increased segmental Cobb angle']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['posterior disc bulging']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative rotatory lumbar scoliosis', 'degenerative scoliosis', 'Degenerative scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral rotation']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['bony overgrowth']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Degenerative lumbar scoliosis']


abstract: Purpose:: To culture quiescent @entity1 keratocytes and evaluate the effects of ultraviolet light and @entity8728 on @entity1 corneal keratocytes in vitro. Methods:: Keratocytes were obtained from remaining corneoscleral ring donor corneas previously used in corneal transplant surgeries and cultured in DMEM/F12 with 2% FBS until confluence. Characterization of cultured cells was performed by immunofluorescence analysis for anti- @entity16914 , anti- @entity5399 , anti-a-smooth muscle actin, and anti-lumican. Immunofluorescence was performed before and after treatment of cultured cells with either ultraviolet light or @entity8728 . Corneal stromal cells were covered with collagen (200   L or 500   L) and 0.1% @entity8728 , and then exposed to ultraviolet light at 370 nm for 30 minutes. After 24 hours, @entity137 was determined using @entity98 colorimetric assays, whereas cell viability was assessed using @entity5956 and @entity2667 . Results:: Cell cultures achieved confluence in approximately 20 days. Expression of the lumican was high, whereas no expression of @entity16914 , @entity5399 , and @entity1970 was observed. After crosslinking, @entity98 colorimetric assays demonstrated a low @entity137 rate, whereas @entity5956 / @entity2667 staining demonstrated a low rate of apoptosis and @entity39 , respectively, in all collagen-treatment groups. Conclusion:: Keratocytes can be successfully cultured in vitro and characterized by immunofluorescence using lumican. @entity98 colorimetric assays, and @entity5956 , and @entity2667 staining demonstrated a higher rate of cell death in cells cultured without collagen, indicating collagen protects keratocytes from the cytotoxic effects of ultraviolet light.

title: The effects of XXXX and ultraviolet light on keratocytes cultured in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

answer: @entity8728 :: (MESH:D012256,Chemical) :: ['riboflavin']


abstract: We present a case of malignant @entity82 accompanied by prolonged spiking fevers, @entity2402 after @entity5 resection. @entity242 with @entity221 as a primary symptom is rare. Furthermore, in this case, @entity221 was closely related to the clinical course of the @entity5 . In order to detect possible production of febriferous substance(s), we used blood and @entity5 tissue samples to investigate nine candidate cytokines possibly responsible for the @entity221 . Expression of @entity687 mRNA was detected in preoperative peripheral blood mononuclear cells by RT-PCR. Expressions of @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity379 and @entity310 mRNAs were also detected in @entity5 tissue, while @entity1192 , @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity3646 and @entity2247 mRNAs were not. We suspected @entity687 to be a causative factor, and examined its localization by immunohistochemical staining, paraffin sections of @entity5 tissue stained positive for @entity687 . Since infiltrating mononuclear cells were positive for @entity687 , this may explain the @entity5 -associated @entity221 . This case involves intratumoral production of @entity687 as a causative factor, and @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity379 and @entity310 cytokine production might have resulted from stimulation with a substance(s) derived from @entity5 tissue, since the @entity221 disappeared postoperatively. To date the @entity1 is alive and in good health for 7 years and 2 months since the surgery.

title: XXXX producing malignant @entity82 with prolonged @entity221 .

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['which disappeared']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-8']


abstract: We have investigated the expression of leucocyte markers, phenotypic characteristics and cellular relationships of the normal @entity1 fetal hyaloid vasculature using immunohistochemistry, light and electron microscopy. Antibodies against @entity2880 Factor, alpha-smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, @entity2277 , major histocompatibility complex classes-I and -II, @entity1195 (leucocyte-common antigen) and calcitonin gene-related peptide were used to identify the cellular constituents of the hyaloid vasculature in whole mounts. Additional morphological features were described at the ultrastructural level. Endothelial cells throughout the hyaloid system were immunoreactive to @entity2880 Factor and major histocompatibility complex class-I antibodies. Pericytes were immunoreactive to alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody; labeled cells were distributed along large branches of the hyaloid artery, vasa hyaloidea propria, tunica @entity20377 and pupillary membrane but no immunoreactivity was detected on small connecting capillaries. Vessel and non-vessel-associated hyalocytes on the hyaloid artery, vasa hyaloidea propria, tunica @entity20377 , pupillary membrane and vitreous were immunoreactive to major histocompatibility complex classes-I and -II, @entity1195 and calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies. Anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein reactivity was detected on Bergmeister's papilla but not on the hyaloid artery. Cells immunoreactive for @entity2277 were present throughout the hyaloid vasculature including small connecting capillaries. Ultrastructural observations of the hyaloid vasculature revealed junctional complexes, including zonulae adherens, macula adherens and possible zonulae occludens, between adjacent endothelial cells. Fenestrae were not observed in the gestational ages included in the present study. The use of whole mounts in conjunction with specific antisera has provided novel immunohistochemical definitions of the structure and cellular constituents of the @entity1 hyaloid. The results indicate that hyalocytes are a heterogeneous population of leucocyte-lineage cells.

title: The XXXX hyaloid system: cellular phenotypes and inter-relationships.

entities_list: @entity20377 :: ('MESH:D004479', 'Disease') :: ['vasculosa lentis']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5990 is a rare complication of @entity2963 , mostly in the elderly. It accounts for 1%-4% of mechanical @entity1744 and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We present our experience of @entity5990 and discuss current opinion as reported in the literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of medical records of @entity1 in our institution coded for @entity5990 by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD K-563) coding system between January 1998 and December 2005. RESULTS: There were 22 @entity1 with mean age of 77 (58-92) years and a female to male ratio of 4.5:1. Most @entity1 presented with @entity490 , with a median duration of symptoms of 3 (1-28) days. Preoperative diagnosis was made in 77% from a combination of plain x-ray, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) scans; 86.4% of the @entity1 belonged to ASA class of 3 or 4. Twenty @entity1 underwent enterolithotomy alone, and two had one-stage procedure. The mean size of impacted stones was 3.6 (2.5-4.5) cm, with location in the terminal ileum in 17 and jejunum in 5 @entity1 . There were 5 perioperative @entity204 and an episode of @entity255 occurring in one @entity1 18 months after enterolithotomy alone. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5990 is a difficult clinical entity to diagnose. Unreserved use of imaging techniques can improve diagnostic accuracy and speed of therapeutic decision making. Management of @entity5990 must be individualized. The one-stage procedure should be offered only to highly selected @entity1 with good cardiorespiratory reserve and with absolute indications for biliary surgery at the time of presentation.

title: XXXX : diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['Gallstone ileus', 'gallstone ileus']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['Gallstone ileus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anatomical reduction and fixation of unstable @entity1171 is necessary to prevent post-traumatic @entity625 . Malunion of the distal fibula in unstable @entity1171 can lead to late degenerative changes of the ankle. Late reconstruction of the ankle can improve its function and postpone the need for ankle fusion or replacement. METHODS: We discuss three @entity1 who presented with fibular malunion. All developed medial gutter opening, syndesmotic widening, and lateral shift and/or talar tilt. Surgery involved an anteromedial approach to clean the medial gutter, an anterolateral approach to clean the syndesmotic interval, elongation of the fibula by six to eight millimetres and stabilisation with a cervical spine cage and a locked plate. RESULTS: After one  year, all @entity1 had radiologically demonstrated reduction of the talus in the mortise. Improved function was recorded at final follow up. The cage provides several advantages over other fixation methods, including osteoconductive properties, avoiding bone graft donor site morbidity, and the range of sizes allows the surgeon to adjust the amount of elongation. CONCLUSIONS: Using spinal cages to treat @entity1517 has several advantages compared to bone graft and good results can be expected.

title: Using a cervical spine cage to reconstruct XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1517 :: ('MESH:D017759', 'Disease') :: ['malunited fibula fractures']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity1517 :: (MESH:D017759,Disease) :: ['malunited fibular fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pay for performance has become a central strategy in the drive to improve health care. We assessed the long-term effect of the Medicare Premier Hospital Quality Incentive Demonstration (HQID) on @entity1 outcomes. METHODS: We used Medicare data to compare outcomes between the 252 hospitals participating in the Premier HQID and 3363 control hospitals participating in public reporting alone. We examined 30-day mortality among more than 6 million @entity1 who had @entity583 , @entity712 , or @entity55 or who underwent coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) between 2003 and 2009. RESULTS: At baseline, the composite 30-day mortality was similar for Premier and non-Premier hospitals (12.33% and 12.40%, respectively; difference, -0.07 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.40 to 0.26). The rates of decline in mortality per quarter at the two types of hospitals were also similar (0.04% and 0.04%, respectively; difference, -0.01 percentage points; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.01), and mortality remained similar after 6 years under the pay-for-performance system (11.82% for Premier hospitals and 11.74% for non-Premier hospitals; difference, 0.08 percentage points; 95% CI, -0.30 to 0.46). We found that the effects of pay for performance on mortality did not differ significantly among conditions for which outcomes were explicitly linked to incentives ( @entity583 and CABG) and among conditions not linked to incentives ( @entity712 and @entity55 ) (P=0.36 for interaction). Among hospitals that were poor performers at baseline, mortality was similar in the two groups of hospitals at the start of the study (15.12% and 14.73%; difference, 0.39 percentage points; 95% CI, -0.36 to 1.15), with similar rates of improvement per quarter (0.10% and 0.07%; difference, -0.03 percentage points; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.02) and similar mortality rates at the end of the study (13.37% and 13.21%; difference, 0.15 percentage points; 95% CI, -0.70 to 1.01). CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that the largest hospital-based pay-for-performance program led to a decrease in 30-day mortality. Expectations of improved outcomes for programs modeled after Premier HQID should therefore remain modest.

title: The long-term effect of premier pay for performance on XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the outcomes of @entity1 with severely resorbed @entity174 mandibles who were managed with a modified tent-pole procedure. @entity1 AND METHODS: Four edentulous @entity1 (2 male and 2 female; mean age, 59.5 years; range, 52 to 64 years) with a severely @entity174 mandible and less than 10 mm of vertical height of the body of the mandible were treated with an immediate or a delayed protocol (n=2 in each group). In the immediate group, a transcutaneous submental approach was used to provide open reduction with rigid fixation, immediate dental implant placement in the anterior mandible, and an autogenous particulate iliac bone grafting harvested from the posterior iliac crest. In the delayed protocol group, the @entity174 were treated with an open @entity2003 . Six months after @entity174 treatment, the fixation hardware was removed and a tent-pole approach was used to place the dental implants to the anterior mandible with an autogenous bone graft harvested from the posterior iliac crest. Implant fixtures were loaded at 3 months as the @entity1 were fitted with healing caps, and the dental implants were loaded using provisional screw-retained acrylic resin prostheses and bar-retained overdentures afterward. The mean follow-up was 19.8 months (range, 13 to 28 months). RESULTS: The postoperative course and healing of the 4 @entity1 was uneventful, without any @entity174 nonunion. The average @entity133  standard deviation was 7.5  1.17 mm (range, 6.6 to 9.0 mm). There was no bone resorption around any of the endosseous implants on follow-up. All 4 @entity1 wore their dental implant-supported prosthesis comfortably. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary evidence indicates that the modified tent-pole technique may be a safe and effective method to manage the @entity174 severely resorbed mandible using an immediate or a delayed protocol. Much larger-scale prospective evidence is required to further validate this observation.

title: Tent-pole approach to treat severely XXXX mandibles using immediate or delayed protocols: preliminary case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['reduction and rigid fixation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'atrophic fractured', 'fractured', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar augmentation']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['atrophic fractured']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity235 @entity683 virus ( @entity4609 ) and @entity23819 (Sp) are pathogens that cause @entity1576 in @entity235 . Considering @entity2348 following @entity683 are a leading cause of illness and @entity204 , it is of particular meaning to investigate the interaction between these two pathogens. In this study, BALB/c @entity19 were used as a @entity19 model to assess whether inoculation with @entity4609 H3N2 followed by @entity23819 72 h later resulted in exacerbation of disease. Disease was characterized by assessment of body weight loss, titration of virus and bacteria, histopathology, and cytokine production. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater decrease in body weight in the co-infected group compared with the @entity4609 -only and SP-only groups. @entity4609 inoculation increased bacterial colonization, whereas secondary infection with @entity23819 elevated the viral RNA load of @entity4609 in tissues. The histological lesions in the brain, spleen and lung were more severe in the @entity4609 /Sp group than in the singly treated groups. Infection with @entity4609 alone, Sp alone or coinfection stimulated a significantly higher release of cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN)-y, interleukin 6 (IL)-6, @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF-a) and lymphotactin (Lptn), than was observed in the mock-infected group (PBS). Moreover, the levels of IFN-y in the spleen and lung were higher in the @entity4609 /Sp group compared with the @entity4609 -only and Sp-only groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide the first demonstration that the secondary infection of @entity19 with Sp leads to increased clinical signs and lesions during @entity235 @entity683 .

title: XXXX @entity683 virus coinfection with @entity23819 enhances bacterial colonization, virus load and clinical presentation in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'Canine', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius', 'S. pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with @entity28 but the effect has been difficult to quantify using questionnaires. In particular, the shape of the association has not yet been well described. Pedometers provide an opportunity to better characterize the association. METHODS: Residents of households over the age of 25 years in randomly selected census districts in Tasmania were eligible to participate in the AusDiab cross-sectional survey conducted in 1999-2000. 1848 completed the AusDiab survey and 1126 of these (609 @entity1 and 517 @entity1 ) wore a pedometer for 2-weekdays. Questionnaire data on recent PA, TV time and other factors were obtained. The outcomes were waist circumference (in cm) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)). RESULTS: Increasing daily steps were associated with a decline in the @entity28 measures. The logarithmic nature of the associations was indicated by a sharper decline for those with lower daily steps. For example, an additional 2000 steps for those taking only 2000 steps per day was associated with a reduction of 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1,4.4) cm in waist circumference among @entity1 (for @entity1 ; 2.2 (95% CI: 0.6, 3.9 cm)) with a baseline of only 2000, steps compared to a 0.7 (95% CI 0.3, 1.1) cm reduction (for @entity1 ; 0.6 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.0)) for those already walking 10,000 steps daily. In the multivariable analysis, clearer associations were detected for PA and these @entity28 measures using daily step number rather than PA time by questionnaire. INTERPRETATION: Pedometer measures of activity indicate that the inverse association between recent PA and @entity28 is logarithmic in form with the greatest impact for a given arithmetic step number increase seen at lower levels of baseline activity. The findings from this study need to be examined in prospective settings.

title: The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and XXXX in a population-based sample: the AusDiab study.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']