abstract: Losses of functions from chromosome 17 are the most frequent @entity74 in @entity1 @entity0 . To assess the biological role of chromosome 17 in the development of @entity0 , we transferred a normal @entity1 chromosome 17 to two @entity0 cell lines. No viable clone maintaining an intact chromosome was obtained in either MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7. Only one MDA-231/H17 clone contained the long arm of the transferred chromosome 17. Interestingly, this clone lost the ability to induce @entity5 in @entity19 , indicating that at least one gene mapping to the long arm of chromosome 17 could suppress the tumorigenic phenotype. The @entity876 protein most likely was responsible for the selective loss of the short arm of the chromosome. Both cell lines have no wild-type @entity876 activity. MDA-MB-231 carries a single mutant @entity876 allele, while MCF-7 carries two wild-type alleles, but @entity876 protein is excluded from the nucleus. Transfection in both cell lines of vectors expressing wild-type @entity876 produced only clones with rearrangements of the transfected @entity876 complementary DNA. Thus, nonregulated expression of the @entity876 protein driven by the strong cytomegalovirus promoter may have triggered a rapid process of cell death. Stable expression of a mutant @entity876 in MCF-7 cells proved that nuclear localization of the protein was possible; however, no progression toward an @entity172 -independent tumorigenic phenotype was induced. This work indicates that functional inactivation of the wild-type @entity876 protein and of the product of a gene located on 17q are essential to the development of @entity0 .

title: @entity5 and growth suppression of XXXX cells by chromosome 17-associated functions.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Previous experiments demonstrated that the selectively bred Sardinian @entity167 -preferring (sP) @entity35 possess a genetically based proclivity to consume pharmacologically relevant doses of @entity2932 ( @entity2933 ). The present study was aimed at comparing the reinforcing properties of @entity2933 and @entity1068 , measuring the propensity of sP @entity35 to consume @entity2933 and @entity1068 when both drugs were concomitantly available. Initially, two groups of sP @entity35 ( @entity1068 -naive and @entity1068 -experienced, respectively) were forced to consume @entity2933 in order to help them discover the reinforcing properties, which could then prevail over the unpleasant taste of the @entity2933 solution. Subsequently @entity2933 (at concentrations increasing from 1 to 6% w/v) was offered in free choice with water and all @entity35 consumed pharmacologically relevant amounts of @entity2933 . Finally, under the free-choice regimen between @entity2933 (presented to each @entity35 at its preferred concentration), @entity1068 and water, daily @entity1068 intake averaged approximately 6 g/kg (i.e. the amount of @entity1068 usually consumed by sP @entity35 ), whereas @entity2933 intake declined by approximately 75%. In the few @entity35 showing a high intake of @entity2933 , @entity1068 intake was not altered. No difference in @entity2933 drinking behaviour was ever recorded between @entity1068 -naive and @entity1068 -experienced @entity35 . The results of the present study demonstrate that freely available @entity2933 is not capable of altering @entity1068 preference and consumption in sP @entity35 and suggest that the postulated reciprocal substitutability of the two drugs does not completely include the reinforcing properties, at least in sP @entity35 and when oral self-administration of @entity2933 is considered. The results also provide a model of the low abuse liability of @entity2933 observed in @entity1 alcoholics.

title: @entity2932 versus @entity167 preference in Sardinian @entity167 -preferring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2932 :: ('MESH:C111420', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-hydroxybutyric acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In recent years, the use of RigiScan and ultrasound to assess @entity323 has fallen from favour. However, in a small minority of specialist cases, where a vascular, neurogenic or psychogenic aetiology requires confirmation, there remains a need for further investigation. To establish if in a preliminary assessment the use of nocturnal RigiScan or male impotence diagnostic ultrasound system (MIDUS) represents best practice as a diagnostic investigation in @entity1 with a history suggestive of @entity347 . @entity1 attending both urological and psychosexual therapy clinics with @entity323 were assessed using a generic assessment schedule. @entity1 with a history suggestive of @entity455 were offered the opportunity of dual investigation of their condition. After screening using a provocative RigiScan using visual stimuli that gleaned inconclusive results, @entity1 were offered the chance to enter a study with both nocturnal RigiScan and MIDUS investigation. These were confined for the purposes of this study to RigiScan events, peak systolic flow velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic flow velocity (EDV) from ultrasound examination where an abnormal EDV is defined as in excess of 4.5 cm/s and a normal PSV is variously defined as being greater than 35 cm/s. In all, 38/43 (88%, 95% CI: 76-95%) of @entity1 had a nocturnal event exceeding 3 min on the RigiScan investigation. This compares with 17/43 (40%, 95% CI: 26-54%) of @entity1 with a normal EDV blood flow of less than 4.5 cm/s (P<0.017) and 32/43 (74%, CI: 60-85%) of @entity1 with a normal PSV flow greater than 35 cm/s (NS). Rigiscan and ultrasonography of the cavernosal vessels are of equal usefulness in suspected @entity546 although where @entity5501 is suspected, ultrasonography is more specific.

title: A comparison between portable ultrasound (MIDUS) and nocturnal RigiScan when confirming the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular erectile disorder']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['arterial penile disease']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['vascular organic erectile disorder']

answer: @entity347 :: (MESH:D019965,Disease) :: ['vascular organic erectile disorder']


abstract: Authors performed in two @entity1 a macroscopically complete exeresis of a @entity424 . The first case concerns a 27 years old @entity1 , submitted to surgery in 1971, soon after a delivery, who exhibited a @entity5 in all points identical to the one described by G. Horrax an D. Henderson (1939). The second case concerns a male subject submitted to surgery in May 1973 because of a lesion extending from C2 to L2 and corresponding to a @entity424 , surrounded by two voluminous @entity45 , with respectively cervical and dorsal-lumbar localization. Such cases rare, with sometimes difficult clinical and roentgenologic diagnosis, raise before all problems of surgical tactics. We are dealing here with @entity424 , few favourable to roentgentherapy. Their management is surgical, i.e. complete exeresis. The few common extent of some of these @entity5 to the totality of the spinal cord does not modify in any manner such a principle. The same may be said of some etiologic circumstances, such as pregnancy, that often enough constitute a postponing of diagnosis and mangement detrimental for the @entity1 . Only, the march of the surgical procedure may be object of discussion. The here reported experience lets appear that, when necessary, complete exeresis may be performed in one session under the same conditions and with the same spinal risks than for a less extensive @entity5 . At long term the problem of @entity508 of lower extremities has to be considered. However, in spite of extensive laminectomy, no major @entity85 is to be noted.

title: [ XXXX . Apropos of 2 cases with complete exeresis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['benign ependymomas', 'panspinal ependymoma', 'dorsal fleshy ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'analogous tumor']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pseudosyringomyelic cysts']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of the vertebral column']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['Pan-spinal ependymoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2023 is one of the most common allergic inflammatory diseases characterized by a predominant @entity61 response with antigen-specific IgE synthesis. @entity21692 plays important roles in activation and maintenance of memory CD8+T cells capable of producing @entity60 , which regulates @entity61 responses. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the roles of endogenous @entity21692 in @entity32 , we examined @entity2023 in @entity21692 knockout (KO) @entity19 sensitized with @entity10328 followed by intranasal rechallenge with @entity10328 . METHODS: IL-15KO @entity19 were sensitized intraperitoneally with @entity10328 /complete Freund's adjuvant on day 0 and @entity10328 /IFA on day 7, and then were intranasally challenged with @entity10328 on days 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25. Nasal symptoms and histologic changes were examined. IgE production and @entity61 responses were measured by ELISA. Purified CD8+T cells or recombinant @entity21692 were administered into @entity10328 -sensitized @entity19 . RESULTS: The levels of IgE production and @entity61 responses in IL-15KO @entity19 were comparable to those in control @entity19 after @entity10328 sensitization. However, sneezing, infiltration of eosinophils into the nasal mucosa, and @entity61 cytokine production were aggravated in @entity10328 -sensitized IL-15KO @entity19 after intranasal challenge with @entity10328 . Adoptive transfer of CD8+6 T cells from @entity10328 -sensitized @entity19 suppressed the @entity61 responses in @entity19 but not in IL-15KO @entity19 . Administration of @entity21692 with @entity10328 significantly prevented the development of @entity2023 in @entity10328 -sensitized @entity19 . CONCLUSION: We demonstrate with IL-15KO @entity19 that endogenous @entity21692 plays an important role in suppression of @entity2023 at effector phase. Intranasal administration of @entity21692 is useful as a therapeutic approach to control @entity2023 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Intranasal administration of recombinant @entity21692 might become new immunotherapy for @entity2023 .

title: XXXX prevents @entity2023 through reactivation of antigen-specific CD8+ cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity21692 :: (16168(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-15']


abstract: AIM: The aim was to assess feasibility of a 3   +   1 week inpatient rehabilitation program for @entity5 survivors, to explore characteristics of the attending @entity1 and examine changes in work status, symptoms and functioning, level of @entity1295 , exercise and physical performance following rehabilitation. METHODS: This was an open intervention study involving @entity5 survivors having completed primary @entity5 treatment. The multidisiplinary program consisted of physical training, @entity1 education and group sessions. @entity1 were assessed at primary stay (T0), at follow-up stay 8-12 weeks later (T1), and six months after T1 (T2). Symptoms and functioning were assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment Core Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, physical @entity1295 by Fatigue Questionnaire, physical exercise by The Nord- Tr  ndelag Health Study Physical Activity Questionnaire and physical performance by aerobic capacity (VO(2max)), 30 second Sit-to-stand (STS) and @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ). Linear mixed models were used in analyses. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-four of 163 included @entity1 (82%) completed both rehabilitation stays and returned questionaires at T2. The majority of completers were females (81%), @entity0 survivors (60%), highly educated and with mean age of 52.8 years (SD of 8.1). @entity1 had higher level of symptoms and @entity1295 and lower functioning at admission compared to a Norwegian reference population. However, they reported higher physical exercise level and 47% reported improved work status from T0 to T2. Symptoms and functioning, @entity1295 , physical exercise and physical performance improved significantly from T0 to T1 and were maintained at T2. CONCLUSIONS: The rehabilitation program was feasible and symptoms and functioning normalized following rehabilitation. The program mainly recruited well-educated @entity0 survivors, reporting relative high level of physical exercise. More focus should be put on recruiting and selecting those who need comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation and also compare the effects of inpatient with outpatient rehabilitation programs.

title: Feasibility and changes in symptoms and functioning following inpatient XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['MSL', 'Maximum Step Length']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: There are conflicting data concerning the safety and biocompatibility of @entity505 nanotubes (CNTs). In some reports CNTs have been used for gene delivery without significant @entity137 , whereas in others various cytotoxic effects were observed, including induction of intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS), DNA damage, and apoptosis. Although it is clear that CNT production methods, purity, and functionalization treatments impact on biocompatibility, most of the published reports lack detailed characterization of the CNT samples used. We investigated the effect of various physicochemical features of multiwalled @entity505 nanotubes (MWCNTs) on @entity137 and biocompatibility with cultured @entity1 @entity521 cells by using @entity98 , WST-1, Hoechst, and oxidative stress assays. In vitro experiments confirm that after 3 days of incubation with three different types of CNTs dispersed in @entity12185 solution, 0.01% cell viability is not affected and apoptosis and ROS are not induced in the SH-SY5Y cells. With prolonged cultures and continued propagation in the presence of MWCNTs, the loss of cell viability was minimal for pure MWCNTs (99% purity), but cell proliferation decreased significantly for 97% purity MWCNTs and acid-treated MWCNTs (97% purity, surface oxidation 8%); no intracellular ROS were detected. When the concentration of CNTs increases, purity and surface oxidation seem to affect cell viability (ED(25) is 48, 34.4, and 18.4 mug/mL, respectively, for 99% purity MWCNTs, 97% purity MWCNTs, and acid-treated 97% purity MWCNTs. Our results indicate that concentrations of 5-10 mug/mL MWCNTs seem ideal for studies on the design and development of artificial MWCNT nanovectors for gene and drug therapy against @entity5 . FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: With prolonged cultures, loss of cell viability was minimal for preparations with 99% purity, but significant adverse effects were detected with 97% purity and with acid-treated preparations. A concentrations of 5-10 mug/mL of MWCNTs seems ideal for gene and drug therapy against @entity5 .

title: Influence of purity and surface oxidation on cytotoxicity of multiwalled @entity505 nanotubes with @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: Nanoparticles (1-100 nm) comprise the latest technological advances designed to do everything from absorb environmental toxins to deliver drugs to a target organ. Recently, however, they have come under scrutiny for the potential to cause environmental damage. Because compounds in this miniature size range have chemical properties that differ from those of their larger counterparts, nanoparticles deserve special attention. Our main objective was to assess the potential impact that nanoparticles may have on release into aquatic environments. We prepared @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) and @entity16820 ( @entity12201 ) nanoparticles by filtration in @entity6188 or by sonication. Daphnia magna were exposed to the four solutions using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 48-h acute @entity137 tests. Images of the particle solutions were recorded using transmission-electron microscopy, and the median lethal concentration, lowest-observable-effect concentration, and no-observable-effect concentration were determined. Exposure to filtered @entity12201 and filtered @entity3759 caused an increase in mortality with an increase in concentration, whereas fullerenes show higher levels of @entity137 at lower concentrations. Exposure to the sonicated solutions caused varied mortality. Understanding the potential impacts of nanoparticles will help to identify the most appropriate nanotechnology to preserve the aquatic environment while advancing medical and environmental technology.

title: Daphnia magna mortality when exposed to @entity6701 and XXXX ( @entity12201 ) nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity16820 :: ('MESH:D037741', 'Chemical') :: ['fullerene']

entities_list: @entity6188 :: ('MESH:C018674', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrofuran']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity16820 :: (MESH:D037741,Chemical) :: ['fullerene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to differentiate @entity914 ( @entity2403 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ) in first-episode @entity716 @entity162 (FEPM). METHODS: All 134 @entity1 from an epidemiological first-episode @entity716 cohort (N=786) with FEPM and an 18-month follow-up final diagnosis of @entity2403 (n=36) or @entity162 (n=98) were assessed with respect to pre-treatment, baseline and outcome differences. Second, @entity1 with baseline @entity162 who shifted (shifted @entity162 ) or did not shift to @entity2403 ( @entity2403 ) over the follow-up period were compared regarding pre-treatment and baseline differences. RESULTS: @entity2403 @entity1 displayed a significantly longer duration of untreated @entity716 (DUP; effect size r=0.35), a higher illness-severity at baseline (r=0.20) and more traumatic events (Cramer-V=0.19). @entity2403 @entity1 displayed a significantly higher non-adherence rate (Cramer-V=0.19); controlling for time in treatment and respective baseline scores, @entity2403 @entity1 had significantly worse illness severity (CGI-S; partial     =0.12) and psychosocial functioning (GAF; partial   (2)=0.07) at 18-months, while @entity162 @entity1 were more likely to achieve remission of positive symptoms (OR=4.9, 95% CI=1.8-13.3; p=0.002) and to be employed/occupied (OR=7.7, 95% CI=2.4-24.4, p=0.001). The main discriminator of stable and shifted @entity162 was a longer DUP in @entity1 shifting from @entity162 to @entity2403 . CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to distinguish @entity162 with @entity716 symptoms and @entity2403 in @entity1 presenting with FEPM. Longer DUP is related to @entity2403 and to a shift from @entity162 to @entity2403 . Compared to @entity162 , @entity2403 had worse outcomes and higher rates of non-adherence with medication. Despite these differences, both diagnostic groups need careful dimensional assessment and monitoring of symptoms and functioning in order to choose the right treatment.

title: Differentiating schizoaffective and @entity162 in first-episode XXXX @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar-I-disorder', 'BD', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recently, variable @entity1820 including early stage @entity5 are treated by endoscopic procedure. However, the discrepancy of histologic diagnosis may sometimes exist between the pretreatment forceps biopsy results and those of post treatment specimen. So the prediction of @entity5 is important in the aspect of treatment selection. In this study, we investigated the predictable factors of the histologic discrepancy through the clinical, endoscopic features of the lesion diagnosed as @entity420 in the post-endoscopic treatment specimen after the @entity652 was diagnosed by the endoscopic forceps biopsy. METHODS: From March 2005 to April 2009, 129 @entity356 lesions (129 @entity1 ) which were not diagnosed as @entity5 and treated with endoscopic procedure were enrolled retrospectively. We compared the pretreatment endoscopic forceps biopsy results and post-treatment specimen biopsy results, then, analyzed the @entity5 characteristics. RESULTS: Twenty-one cases (16.3%) were diagnosed as @entity5 after endoscopic treatment. Especially, discrepancy occurred more frequently in @entity308 than in flat or elevated lesions (41.7% vs. 13.7%, p=0.012), and in lesions diagnosed as high grade @entity652 than low or moderate grade @entity652 (33.3% vs. 11.1%. p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In cases of @entity308 in the pretreatment endoscopy or those diagnosed as high grade @entity652 in the pretreatment forceps biopsy, we should consider combined @entity5 . Therefore, treatment modalities ensuring accurate diagnosis and potentially curative resection, should be carefully selected and performed in cases which have these features.

title: Predictable factors of histologic discrepancy of XXXX between the endoscopic forceps biopsy and endoscopic treatment specimen.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed type lesions', 'depressed lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'tumor', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal track tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine possible changes in Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) scores related to changes in emergency management, such as intubation and chemical @entity912 , and the potential impact on outcome prediction. @entity1 : 10 228 @entity1 from the @entity131 Model Systems national database. DESIGN: Retrospective study examining 5-year epochs from 1987 to 2012. MAIN MEASURES: GCS score assessed in the Emergency Department (GCS scores for intubated, but not paralyzed, @entity1 were estimated with a formula using 2 of the 3 GCS components), Outcome: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) assessed at rehabilitation admission. RESULTS: The rate of intubation prior to GCS scoring averaged 43% and did not increase across time. However, a clear increase over time was observed in the use of paralytics or heavy sedatives, with 27% of @entity1 receiving this intervention in the most recent epoch. Estimated GCS scores classified 69% of intubated @entity1 as severely brain injured and 8% as mildly injured. The GCS accounted for a modest, yet consistent, amount of variability (approximately 5%-7%) in @entity177 scores during most epochs. CONCLUSIONS: Given the frequency of intubation and/or @entity912 following @entity1545 in this sample, estimating GCS or exploring other means to gauge @entity130 is beneficial, particularly because a portion likely did not sustain severe @entity1545 . There is no evidence for declining predictive utility of the GCS over time.

title: Application and clinical utility of the Glasgow XXXX scale over time: a study employing the NIDRR traumatic @entity1545 model systems database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury severity']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2963 is more frequent in @entity1 after gastrectomy, due to dissection of vagal branches and gastrointestinal reconstruction. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from November 2008 to March 2012. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: prophylactic cholecystectomy (PC) and standard gastric surgery only (SS) for curable @entity5 . We planned three end points: evaluation of the number of @entity1 who developed symptoms and needed further surgery for @entity2963 after standard @entity356 surgery, evaluation of the incidence of @entity2963 overall after standard @entity356 surgery and perioperative complications or costs of prophylactic cholecystectomy. The present study answers to the last end point only. RESULTS: After 40  months from the beginning of study, 172 @entity1 were eligible from 9 Centers. Ten @entity1 refused consent and 32 were excluded due to flawing of inclusion criteria (not confirmed @entity420 and no R0 surgery). Therefore, final analysis included 130 @entity1 : 65 in PC group and 65 in SS. Among PC group, 12 @entity1 had surgical complications during the perioperative period; only 1 biliary leakage, conservatively treated, might have been caused by prophylactic cholecystectomy. 6 @entity1 had surgical complications in SS group. One @entity204 occurred in PC group due to @entity1151 . Differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, no differences were significant in duration of surgery, @entity190 , hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant cholecystectomy during standard surgery for @entity356 seemed to add no extra perioperative morbidity, mortality and costs to the sample included in the study.

title: The Cholegas Study: safety of prophylactic cholecystectomy during gastrectomy for XXXX : preliminary results of a multicentric randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis', 'cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Primary care physicians (PCPs) are uniquely positioned to detect @entity320 . Effective educational interventions targeted at PCPs may improve early @entity320 detection. A previous in- @entity1 Basic @entity1489 Triage (BSCT) 2-hour course demonstrated significant short-term improvement in provider practices, attitudes, ability, confidence, and knowledge. We conducted a randomized trial to test the efficacy of the BSCT course implemented as a web-based learning program, compared to a similar (control) web-based course on weight assessment. METHODS: We recruited a sample of 57 PCPs and 3,341 of their @entity1 from four geographically diverse centers. @entity1489 control activities by PCPs were assessed by physician survey and by chart review and @entity1 telephone interview about their recent visit to their @entity212 at baseline and at 1--2 months and 12 months after course completion. RESULTS: Some effect of intervention on @entity1489 parameters was self-reported by physicians; this was not confirmed by @entity1 survey or chart-extracted data. Rates of @entity1489 control practices by PCPs were low across both groups before and after intervention. The positive changes in physician-reported behaviors (total body skin examination [TBSE]), intentions (discuss @entity1489 detection), confidence (performing TBSE), office practices, and knowledge (58% skin versus 49% control) were neither matched by differences in practice reported by their @entity1 , nor persisted in a longer term follow-up, hence may be attributable to physician recall bias due to the experience of the course or desire to please study investigators and were less dramatic as compared to our previously reported in- @entity1 BSCT intervention. Thus this approach by itself appears unlikely to result in improved @entity1489 issues. CONCLUSIONS: Given previous success with our in- @entity1 course, the features required to make WBL a more effective tool for medical education must be further explored.

title: Effect of a web-based curriculum on primary care practice: basic XXXX triage trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['PCP handling of skin cancer', 'Skin Cancer', 'skin cancer', 'Skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Solar keratoses are @entity1613 in chronically UV-damaged skin with histological features consistent with pre-invasive @entity957 . They require therapeutic intervention in order to prevent progression towards @entity189 . Treatment options include topical medications and destructive methods. We report on a new approach--topical bioinductive therapy with imiquimod 5% cream. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective case series, 7 @entity1 with solar keratoses have been treated with topical imiquimod 5%. The cream was applied 5 days/week over 2 weeks. After end of treatment, the outcome was assessed at regular control visits and, in some cases, histologically confirmed. One @entity1 was followed up as untreated control. RESULTS: In 6 of the 7 treated @entity1 , the lesions cleared completely; one @entity1 did not respond. The @entity1 did not show new solar keratoses during a follow-up period of about 2 years. The untreated @entity1 showed spontaneous clearance of his keratoses. Local skin reactions during treatment included erythema, @entity4 and @entity2681 in varying degrees, all of which completely resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Bioinductive therapy with imiquimod 5% cream represents a promising therapeutic approach for cutaneous @entity1613 such as solar keratoses.

title: [Solar keratosis: from precancerous lesion to pre-invasive XXXX --therapeutic approach with a bioinductive method].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The immunohistochemical expression of @entity1722 and cytofluorimetric data were retrospectively analyzed in a group of @entity43 . Thirty-three out of 94 (35%) cases showed a specific @entity19601 / @entity1722 immunoreaction. No correlation between @entity19601 / @entity1722 expression and any of the clinico-pathologic parameters examined was observed. As far as cytofluorimetric data are concerned, 38 out of 69 (55%) of the @entity5 were diploid (DNA index = 1) while 31 (45%) were aneuploid (DNA index from 1.10 to 2.50 with a median value of 1.50). @entity43 were defined as of low and high S-phase fraction in 68% and 32% of the cases, respectively. @entity5 ploidy and S-phase fraction did not correlate with the clinico-pathologic characteristics or @entity55835 oncoprotein expression. @entity5 had a higher S-phase fraction (mean: 15.81 +/- 13.44) than @entity5 (mean: 8.89 +/- 7.98) (P < 0.01). @entity19601 / @entity1722 expression failed to affect significantly both overall and progression free survival. On the other hand @entity5 ploidy was found to be related to the prognosis of advanced @entity43 @entity1 although the difference was not statistically significant. As far as progression free survival is concerned, the median time to recurrence was not reached for diploid cases whereas it was 21 months for aneuploid cases (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival for @entity1 with a low S-phase fraction (58%) was significantly higher than for @entity1 with high S-phase fraction @entity5 (28%) (P < 0.01). Median time to recurrence was 48 and 17 months for low and high S-phase fraction @entity5 @entity1 , respectively (P < 0.05). However, in a multivariate analysis both @entity5 ploidy and S-phase fraction did not retain their prognostic value. The assessment of the role of the parameters examined in improving the prognostic characterization of @entity43 @entity1 should be investigated in large multicenter clinical trials.

title: Expression of @entity1722 oncoprotein, DNA-ploidy and S-phase fraction in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['primary advanced ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'diploid tumors', 'Aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A pilot prospective pre- and post-intervention study. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a dynamic standing program using the Segway Personal Transporter results in any measurable physiological effects in individuals with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) using both qualitative and quantitative measures of @entity508 , @entity158 and @entity1295 . SETTING: International Collaboration of Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. METHODS: Eight individuals with @entity1566 ASIA (American @entity3510 ) A-D, who could stand with or without the assistance of bracing or supports, participated in a 4-week dynamic standing program using a Segway (3 per week, 30-min sessions). The main outcome was @entity508 as measured by the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ). Secondary measures included the @entity1566 -Spasticity Evaluation Tool, @entity158 Outcomes Questionnaire, and Fatigue Severity Scale. RESULTS: The dynamic standing sessions were associated with immediate improvements in @entity508 ( @entity2653 ) (P<0.001) and self-reported @entity158 (P<0.05). Fatigue levels decreased, however this was not significant. There is little evidence to suggest that these beneficial outcomes may have lasting effects. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic standing on the Segway may be effective for short-term @entity508 reduction and decreased @entity158 and @entity1295 . Future work should examine a larger sample size and help to propose mechanisms for potential reductions in @entity508 .

title: Spasticity changes in XXXX following a dynamic standing program using the Segway.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury Association']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Modified Ashworth Scale', 'MAS']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['SCI']


abstract: Mitochondrial Complex II (succinate: @entity12931 oxidoreductase) is purified in a partially inactivated state, which can be activated by removal of tightly bound @entity5911 (E.B. Kearney, et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 49 1115-1121). We crystallized Complex II in the presence of @entity5911 or with the endogenous inhibitor bound. The structure showed a ligand essentially identical to the "malate-like intermediate" found in Shewanella Flavocytochrome c crystallized with @entity8516 (P. Taylor, et al., Nat. Struct. Biol. 6 1108-1112) Crystallization of Complex II in the presence of excess @entity8516 also gave the malate-like intermediate or a mixture of that and @entity8516 at the active site. In order to more conveniently monitor the occupation state of the @entity17636 site, we are developing a library of UV/Vis spectral effects induced by binding different ligands to the site. Treatment with @entity8516 results in rapid development of the @entity8516 difference spectrum and then a very slow conversion into a species spectrally similar to the OAA-liganded complex. Complex II is known to be capable of oxidizing malate to the enol form of @entity5911 (Y.O. Belikova, et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 936 1-9). The observations above suggest it may also be capable of interconverting @entity8516 and @entity5910 . It may be useful for understanding the mechanism and regulation of the enzyme to identify the malate-like intermediate and its pathway of formation from @entity5911 or @entity8516 .

title: Crystallographic studies of the binding of ligands to the @entity17636 site of Complex II, and the identity of the ligand in the " XXXX -inhibited" state.

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity8516 :: ('CHEBI:29806', 'Chemical') :: ['fumarate']

entities_list: @entity5911 :: ('MESH:D062907', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaloacetate']

entities_list: @entity17636 :: ('CHEBI:28965', 'Chemical') :: ['dicarboxylate']

answer: @entity5911 :: (MESH:D062907,Chemical) :: ['oxaloacetate']


abstract: We analyzed 519 catheterization procedures performed over a period of two years retrospectively. Several risk factors related to the @entity1 or catheterization were analyzed. The incidence of complications was 6.2%. The most common major and minor complications were @entity715 that required intervention and transient @entity943 , respectively. The incidence of complications during interventional studies was higher (9.7%) when compared to that in diagnostic procedures (5.4%). The independent risk of any complication was greatest up to 1 year of age (p = 0.02). The risks of a major complication (p = 0.003) and development of @entity715 (p = 0.02) were significantly greater in @entity1 <1 year of age by univariate analysis. The risks of pediatric cardiac catheterization continue to decline. The complication rates associated with interventional catheterization were significantly higher than with diagnostic catheterization in this study. Younger age, particularly <1 year of age, is the strongest predictor of development of any complication.

title: Complications of cardiac catheterization in pediatric XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['arterial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: BK @entity8 (BKVN) is a significant cause of @entity813 in kidney transplant recipients, but its course in simultaneous @entity8 (SPK) recipients is less well studied. The presence of dual organs limits the ability to reduce maintenance immunosuppression, typically the first intervention in the management of BKVN. METHODS: A single center, retrospective review was conducted of 205 SPK transplants performed from January 1, 2000 to April 30, 2006. RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial cumulative rate of BKVN was 5.6%. Diagnosis occurred at a median of 20 months after transplant; mean serum @entity1011 was 2.6, and geometric mean BK serum viral load was 709,274 copies/mL at diagnosis. There was no statistical difference in the cumulative rate according to the use of induction therapy: rabbit antilymphocyte globulin (5-year rate 6.8%, 4/59), alemtuzumab (5-year rate 5.1%, 5/146). Treatment consisted of immunosuppression reduction and half received @entity7076 . Eight of nine kidney allografts eventually failed, but all @entity1 retained pancreatic allograft function. CONCLUSIONS: BKVN occurs in 5.6% of SPK recipients. There is no difference in the cumulative rate of BKVN between @entity1 who received alemtuzumab or rabbit antilymphocyte globulin.

title: Development of BK @entity8 in recipients of simultaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'pancreas-kidney']

entities_list: @entity7076 :: ('MESH:C059262', 'Chemical') :: ['cidofovir']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['pancreas-kidney transplantation']


abstract: @entity2720 are among the most important structures that give us complex motor abilities as @entity1 . @entity179 , such as @entity625 , cause loss of normal joint functioning and affect over 40 million @entity1 in the USA and approximately 350 million @entity1 worldwide. Therapies based on regenerative medicine hold the promise of effectively repairing or replacing damaged joints permanently. Here, for the first time, we introduce a model for synovial joint regeneration utilizing the @entity1573 embryo. In this model, a block of tissue that contains the prospective elbow is excised, leaving a window with strips of anterior and posterior tissue intact (window excision, WE). In contrast, we also slice out the same area containing the elbow and the distal piece of the limb is pinned back onto the stump (slice excision, SE). Interestingly, when the elbow is removed via WE, regeneration of the joint takes place, whereas the elbow joint does not regenerate following SE. In order to investigate whether the regeneration response recapitulates the developmental program of forming joints, we used @entity26885 and @entity23927 ( @entity23927 ) as joint tissue specific markers, and @entity1935 and Col-9 as cartilage markers for in situ hybridization on sections at different time points after WE and SE surgeries. Re-expression of @entity26885 and @entity23927 is observed in the WE samples by 60h after surgery. In contrast, the majority of the samples that underwent SE surgery did not express @entity26885 and @entity23927 . Also, in SE fusion of cartilage elements takes place and the joint interzone does not form. This is indicated by continuous Col-9 expression in SE limbs, whereas Col-9 is downregulated at the joint interzone in the regenerating WE samples. This order and pattern of gene expression observed in regenerates is similar to the development of a joint suggesting that regeneration recapitulates development at the molecular level. This model defines some of the conditions required for inducing joint regeneration in an otherwise nonregenerating environment. This knowledge can be useful for designing new therapeutic approaches for joint loss or for conditions affecting joint integrity in @entity1 .

title: Regeneration of the elbow joint in the developing XXXX embryo recapitulates development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative joint diseases']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial joints']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of adding @entity12691 to @entity1341 administered in the caudal epidural space in @entity1 undergoing genitourinary (GU) procedures. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blinded, controlled study. SETTING: University affiliated pediatric hospital. @entity1 : 200 ASA physical status I and II male @entity1 between 6 months and 10 years of age. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomized to receive either 0.25% @entity1341 with 1:200,000 epinephrine alone (Group 1) or 0.25% @entity1341 with 1:200,000 epinephrine plus 30 micrograms/kg @entity12691 (Group 2) administered via the caudal epidural space prior to @entity954 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 were evaluated postoperatively until discharge. Measurements included requirement of additional analgesic, sedation, @entity158 / comfort scores, and a 24-hour analgesic follow-up. Significantly fewer @entity1 in the @entity12691 group required rescue @entity1286 in the postanesthesia care unit (p < or = 0.001). The total number of @entity1286 doses administered to Group 2 was significantly less than Group 1 (p < or = 0.001). 52% of @entity1 in Group 1 compared with 28% in Group 2 required administration of additional analgesics following discharge from the hospital (p < or = 0.003), with 23% of Group 1 requiring a @entity10425 compound compared with 8% in Group 2 (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of 30 micrograms/kg @entity12691 to 0.25% @entity1341 with @entity1425 via the caudal epidural space is a safe, effective means to increase duration of @entity1337 following GU procedures.

title: Caudal epidural @entity12691 plus XXXX versus @entity1341 in pediatric outpatient genitourinary procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) events by initiating an angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor on diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 may increase survival and decrease costs. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of @entity1289 inhibitor initiation in normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric, and macroalbuminuric @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: A cohort of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 was followed for 8 years in a Markov model. Clinical outcomes included @entity65 events, dialysis, all-cause mortality, and the composite endpoints of the 3 events. Probabilities and costs were obtained from the literature. One-way and two-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the model. RESULTS: Implementation of @entity1289 inhibitor therapy on diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric @entity1 is a dominant strategy (ie, more effective and less costly) across all outcomes. In macroalbuminuric @entity1 , an additional  4.10 and  4.58 saves one life and avoids one composite endpoint, respectively; however, in these @entity1 , not giving an @entity1289 inhibitor is dominant for prevention of @entity65 events and dialysis. This is due to a 28.62% higher mortality rate in @entity1 not receiving an @entity1289 inhibitor. Thus, analysis of the composite endpoint shows that not giving an @entity1289 inhibitor does not remain dominant. A limitation of our study is the inability to determine causality. CONCLUSIONS: If every newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in the US was prescribed an @entity1289 inhibitor, our model shows that 68,314 @entity65 events would be averted, 46,410 lives would be saved, and 48 @entity1 would be prevented from needing dialysis over 8 years. These findings suggest that @entity1289 inhibitors prevent numerous events in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who are normoalbuminuric at diagnosis, in addition to those already identified as being at risk for @entity65 events.

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in XXXX 2 @entity6 : a Markov model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: Few empirical studies have investigated the role of @entity25 in the course of adolescent bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). The present study examined the longitudinal associations between @entity25 , mood symptom severity, and psychosocial functioning in a 2-year follow-up of @entity1 with adolescent BSD. Fifty-three adolescents with BSD (mean [S.D.] age: 14.6 [1.6]) participated in a two-site randomized trial of family focused treatment for adolescents (FFT-A) or enhanced care, a briefer psychoeducational treatment; both treatments were administered with pharmacotherapy. Sleep disturbance was assessed with the Adolescent Sleep Habits Questionnaire (ASHQ) filled out by @entity1 every 6 weeks in the first study year and every 3 months in the second year. Main outcomes included clinician-rated measures of @entity162 , @entity308 and @entity73 over 2 years. Sleep impairment was significantly associated with @entity162 and @entity308 severity scores and @entity73 ratings across the 2-year follow-up. Despite its efficaciousness in reducing mood symptoms, FFT-A was not more effective than enhanced care in improving sleep habits. Sleep impairment may play a substantial role in the course of adolescent BSD. Youth with BSDs may benefit from targeted psychosocial interventions that emphasize sleep regularity.

title: Sleep impairment, mood symptoms, and psychosocial functioning in adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial impairment']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep impairment', 'sleep disruption']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of components of the @entity209 in adolescents with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ), and their associations with @entity28 in subjects with and without @entity1566 and @entity3570 . METHODS: Fifty-four subjects (20 @entity1566 and 34 @entity3570 ) age 11 to 20 years with @entity73 from @entity1746 paraparesis were recruited from a hospital-based clinic. Sixty able-bodied subjects who were oversampled for @entity28 served as controls (CTRL). Subjects were categorized as @entity28 if their percent trunk fat measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was > 30.0% for males and > 35.0% for females. Ten @entity1566 , 24 @entity3570 , and 19 CTRL subjects were classified as @entity28 . Fasting serum samples were collected to determine serum @entity413 , insulin, and lipid concentrations. @entity209 was defined as having > or =3 of the following components: (a) @entity28 ; (b) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) <45 mg/dL for males; <50 mg/dL for females; (c) @entity1674 2100 mg/dL; (d) systolic or diastolic blood pressure > or =95th percentile for age/ height/gender, and (e) insulin resistance determined by either fasting serum @entity413 100-125 mg/dL; fasting insulin > or =20 microU /mL; or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance > or = 4.0. RESULTS: @entity209 was identified in 32.4% of the @entity3570 group and 55% of the @entity1566 group. @entity209 occurred at a significantly higher frequency in @entity28 subjects ( @entity3570 = 45.8%, @entity1566 = 100%, CTRL = 63.2%) than nonobese subjects ( @entity3570 = 0%, @entity1566 = 10%, CTRL = 2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity209 in adolescents with @entity3570 / @entity1566 is quite high, particularly in @entity28 individuals. These findings have important implications due to the known risks of @entity65 and @entity6 associated with @entity209 in adults, particularly those with @entity602 .

title: @entity209 in adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['SB', 'spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mobility impairments']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord dysfunction']


abstract: It has been reported that intermittent administration of @entity1 @entity461 (h- @entity4727 ) promotes @entity79 after surgery for @entity3604 . If @entity79 is promoted by the administration of h- @entity4727 during pre-operative waiting period, we can prevent prolonged bed rest. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of pre-operative h- @entity4727 treatment on cancellous bone union and its mechanism for @entity174 healing in ovariectomized @entity35 as a model for @entity170 . Ovariectomized 7-month-old female @entity35 underwent an osteotomy of the proximal tibia as a @entity174 model, and h- @entity4727 (30  g/kg body weight) or vehicle was administered as a pre-operative treatment for one week. After the one-week treatment, tibiae were fixed with wire for osteosynthesis, and h- @entity4727 or vehicle was administered for 1 or 3 weeks following wire fixation. In addition to bone histomorphometry, we used alcian blue/ @entity1710 stained sections for evaluating cartilage volume and immunostained sections for analyzing the expression of @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) for cell proliferation and that of @entity30933 and @entity6037 , differentiation markers for cartilage cells and osteoblasts, respectively. Pre-operative treatment with @entity4727 significantly increased bone volume. Pre-operative and pre- to post-operative treatment with @entity4727 for 2 weeks significantly promoted bone union. Pre-operative treatment with @entity4727 significantly increased cartilage volume, and pre- to post-operative treatment with @entity4727 for 2 weeks significantly increased the percentage of cells positive for @entity6037 (p < 0.01), but not @entity1975 or @entity30933 . Pre-operative administration of h- @entity4727 enhances bone union by promoting cartilage formation and cell differentiation to osteoblasts, but not by promoting cell proliferation.

title: Intermittent administration of XXXX @entity461 before osteosynthesis stimulates cancellous bone union in ovariectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Neurological soft signs (NSS) - i.e. discrete @entity51 and motor function - are frequently found in @entity161 and @entity146 . Hence, persistence of NSS herald chronicity in first episode @entity161 . To investigate the cerebral correlates of persisting NSS over time, 20 @entity1 with @entity5665 @entity161 underwent T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after remission of the acute symptoms and after 1 year of follow-up. NSS were rated on the Heidelberg Scale. Twenty age- and gender-matched control subjects were scanned once. Longitudinal @entity62 ( @entity62 ) changes were measured by using tensor based morphometry (TBM). At follow-up, @entity1 demonstrated significantly decreased NSS scores. For further analysis, the @entity1 sample was dichotomized into @entity1 with decreasing NSS scores and @entity1 with persistently increased scores, respectively. While @entity1 with decreasing NSS exhibited only localized changes within the left frontal lobe, cerebellum, and cingulate gyrus, @entity1 with persistently increased scores showed pronounced @entity62 reductions of the sub-lobar claustrum, cingulate gyrus, cerebellum, frontal lobe, and middle frontal gyrus. Results were confirmed after correction for multiple comparisons. These findings support the hypothesis that persisting NSS refer to progressive cerebral changes in @entity5665 @entity161 . Since NSS can be assessed in any clinical environment, this association facilitates the prospect that NSS can help to establish prognosis in @entity5665 @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: Neurological soft signs and @entity62 changes: a longitudinal analysis in @entity5665 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5665 :: ('MESH:C563278', 'Disease') :: ['first-episode']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['vary with psychopathological symptoms in the course of the disorder']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits of sensory']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gray matter', 'GM']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic rejection is assumed to be the principle cause of @entity130 leading to @entity5924 ( @entity5924 ) after lung transplantation (Tx). To better understand the contribution of chronic rejection in the development of @entity5924 in allografted lungs, we examined the histopathological changes and cytokine expression in inadequately immunosuppressed @entity35 lung allografts. METHODS: Three groups of @entity35 were studied: group I, control nontransplanted Lewis (Lew) @entity35 (n=5); group II, syngeneic Lew-to-Lew isografts (n=25); and group III, Brown Norway-to-Lew allografts (n=25). Groups II and III received two single doses of @entity205 on postoperative days 2-3. Transplanted animals were killed (n=5) at monthly intervals from 2 months to 6 months after Tx. Resected lungs were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 , Masson's trichrome, and Van Gieson's elastin, and immunostained with antisera to @entity3426 , IL-8, and @entity664 ( @entity664 ). The intensity of immunostaining was graded from 0 to 4 (0=no staining, 4=strong staining). RESULTS: In groups I and II, normal airways and vessels were observed. Minimal intensity and distribution of immunostaining for all markers were detected in groups I and II. Group III allografts demonstrated acute grade II-III vascular rejection with mild @entity130 and @entity32 at 2 months after Tx. At 6 months after Tx, all allografts demonstrated severe and diffuse chronic vascular rejection. Late airway changes consistent with @entity5924 were detected in four of five allografts, however, these lesions were expressed infrequently. Immunohistochemical findings revealed moderate to strong expression for IL-8 and @entity664 over the airway epithelium, acute and chronic inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts in allografts at 2 months after Tx. Despite focal development of @entity5924 at 6 months, intensity and distribution of immunostaining significantly decreased for all three cytokine markers. CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate immunosuppression of @entity35 lung allografts leads primarily to chronic vascular rejection but fails to induce severe and diffuse development of @entity5924 . In this animal model, cytokines @entity3426 , IL-8, and @entity664 are likely to play an important role in the early inflammatory phase but not during the late proliferative events of chronic rejection.

title: Immunohistochemical characterization of inflammatory and proliferative events during chronic rejection in XXXX lung allografts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['OB', 'obliterative bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolar injury', 'airway injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The present report describes a case of right @entity715 in an active 49-year-old @entity1 with a @entity1701 . In 1984, the @entity1 was admitted for autoimmune @entity5714 ; during the hospitalization it was diagnosed a chronic @entity1956 . In July 1991, the @entity1 had @entity221 , mild @entity1087 , @entity381 and @entity3043 ; a diagnosis of @entity5734 was made but it was not subsequently confirmed. Interferon therapy was started and the @entity1 's clinical course mildly improved. However, over the same year, he experienced again a clinical deterioration. Lumbar @entity63 @entity1066 occurred. The @entity1 underwent elective splenectomy. Bone marrow biopsy revealed @entity751 . @entity1333 with @entity2883 was diagnosed. The @entity1 's condition improved after splenectomy. Repeated laboratory tests showed positivity for antiphospholipid antibodies. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the presence of a right @entity715 , confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The @entity1 was started on long-term anticoagulant therapy, that resulted effective in reducing @entity715 size.

title: [Primary XXXX with left atrial intracardiac thombosis].

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotizing vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['mielodisplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial thrombus', 'thrombus']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid antibody syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report successful corticosteroid treatment of @entity1781 associated with @entity1596 . METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were identified with @entity1596 and @entity1781 without clinical or angiographic evidence of @entity2479 . Ages ranged from 14 to 37 years (median age, 27). All @entity1 were treated with either oral and/or subtenon's corticosteroids. Partial regression of the neovascularization was observed in all @entity1 within 2 to 6 weeks (median, 5 weeks) after initiating treatment. Eight of nine @entity1 had complete resolution of @entity2295 at a median of 3 months (range, 2 to 42 months) after initiation of treatment and a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 7 to 144 months). Recurrence of @entity2295 occurred in two @entity1 , but it regressed again after further corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1781 may occur in @entity1 with @entity1596 in the absence of @entity2479 . This neovascularization can be successfully treated with @entity288 .

title: Corticosteroid therapy for @entity1781 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['disc neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['uveitis', 'chronic uveitis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['Optic disc neovascularization', 'optic disc neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['chronic uveitis']


abstract: Clinical stage @entity263 is a locally advanced disease at risk of having micrometastasis.Since clinical T staging is potentially inaccurate, PSA and Gleason score are also added at biopsy for risk stratification. The recurrence rate after radical prostatectomy alone or radiotherapy alone is generally high. Therefore, multimodal treatment is required. Recent multiple randomized trials have shown survival benefits of radiotherapy combined with long-term hormonal therapy. Dose escalation utilizing intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or brachytherapy has the potential benefit of exerting local control. Since previous trials used conventional external radiotherapy, the optimal duration of hormonal therapy combined with dose escalated radiotherapy remains unknown. On the other hand, some @entity1 can be cured by radical prostatectomy alone, and approximately half of @entity1 with adverse features after surgery can be rescued by adjuvant radiotherapy. Primary hormonal therapy is used widely and has shown favorable results in @entity1 with @entity263 , particularly in Japan. Based on the life expectancy and comorbidity of an individual @entity1 , hormonal therapy can be chosen as a primary treatment. There are controversies over treatment options such as surgery, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy in clinical @entity263 . The clinical results of these treatments are reviewed and several unresolved issues are addressed here.

title: [Controversy over treatment options in clinical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['T3 prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['T3 prostate cancer']


abstract: We evaluated patterns of abnormal lung parenchyma on CT scans in six specific @entity1030 and then applied those findings in the differential diagnosis of these lung parenchymal patterns in 56 subjects. There were 48 @entity1 with @entity1030 (43 with histologic proof) consisting of @entity2416 (n = 20), @entity370 (n = 16), @entity189 (n = 7), @entity3008 (n = 2), @entity137 (n = 2), and @entity1712 (n = 1). Including eight CT scans of normal control subjects, 56 CT scans were assessed independently by two readers (R1 and R2). Chest radiographs, most of which were obtained within 1 week of CT examination, were available in 48 of the 56 subjects. CT scans were evaluated for specific parenchymal features including disease distribution, lung distortion, thickening of bronchovascular bundles and polygon walls, bronchiectasis, cysts, and nodules, to determine the association of each abnormal feature with the different diseases. Diagnosis was then made from the overall CT appearance of the lungs and, on a separate occasion, from the appearance of the chest radiograph. The correct diagnosis was made from the CT appearance in 54 of 56 @entity1 (R1) and in 50 of 56 @entity1 (R2). Correct diagnoses were made from the chest radiographs in 42 of 48 @entity1 (R1) and 43 of 48 @entity1 (R2). We have identified features that are reproducible and useful when describing CT scans of @entity1 with @entity1030 . Interpretation of the appearance of the lung on CT scans was accurate in diagnosing @entity2416 , @entity370 , and @entity189 .

title: XXXX : specific diagnosis by using CT.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangitic carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['usual interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Chronic lung diseases']


abstract: In order to assess the efficacy and tolerability of new long acting @entity2847 : Parlodel MR (oral form) and Parlodel LAR (injectable form suitable for repeatable administration) 40 @entity1 (29 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ) with @entity5 with @entity4089 (PRL 70 micrograms/l) were investigated in a double blind study. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups of 20. In the first group Parlodel R or Parlodel MR in equivalent doses was given, the other group was administered Parlodel R or Parlodel LAR. During the next 6 months 20 @entity1 were treated with Parlodel MR and the other 20 with Parlodel LAR. In all @entity1 pituitary and peripheral hormones, CT scan and visual fields were examined before and after 28 days of @entity2847 treatment. During the next six months 20 @entity1 were treated with Parlodel MR while the other 20 with Parlodel LAR. Serum PRL fell in all @entity1 and values in the normal range were obtained in 36 @entity1 . In 30 out of 35 @entity1 with signs of @entity5 in CT scan, a significant @entity5 shrinkage was observed. Most @entity1 achieved considerable clinical improvement: disappearance of @entity21696 , resumed menses in @entity1 , increased potency in @entity1 . There were no difference in efficacy in Parlodel R, Parlodel MR and Parlodel LAR, but in the case of Parlodel LAR the least number of side effects was found. Treatment with long acting @entity2847 -Parlodel MR and LAR of @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity4089 is an efficacious, safe and better tolerated method than Parlodel R treatment.

title: New long-acting @entity2847 (Parlodel MR and Parlodel LAR) in the treatment of @entity5 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'pituitary tumours', 'pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity21696 :: ('MESH:C535402', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhoea']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: Many studies report the negative correlation between the endogenous @entity251 (T) level and majority of risk factors for @entity4288 , as well as the presence and the extent of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity1 . @entity586 ( @entity587 ) as a non-aromatizable @entity342 produces more favourable changes in the hormone profile than T. A constant level of @entity3800 , independent on liver function, may be achieved by their transdermal administration. The aim of our study was to determine in a double-blind placebo study whether a 12-week treatment with transdermal @entity587 can decrease exercise-induced ischaemia in males with @entity453 . All @entity1 underwent symptom-limited treadmill stress testing at the beginning of the study and after @entity587 treatment. The selected preliminary results are presented in this paper. Until now the study group has comprised ten @entity1 with stable @entity453 and @entity393 concentration. No side effects of treatment were noted during the study. Chronic @entity587 administration increased significantly: total exercise time, time to the onset of angina and time to 1 mm ST @entity308 . Our results are consistent with the previous publications investigating T effects. The changes of heart rate and systolic blood pressure indicate rather direct coronary-relaxing effect of @entity587 than peripheral one.

title: [Effect of XXXX treatment on exercise induced ischemia in @entity1 with stable ischemic heart disease].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased morning total T']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity586 :: (MESH:D013196,Chemical) :: ['dihydrotestosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the functional role of @entity1 testicular protein @entity54713 . DESIGN: Controlled experimental study. SETTING: University research laboratory. ANIMAL(S): ICR strain of @entity19 . INTERVENTION(S): Testicular tissue and sperms were collected from 12- to 16-week-old male @entity19 ; cumulus-oocyte complexes were harvested from mature female @entity19 after inducing superovulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Expression of @entity54713 in @entity19 testis was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, its localization in @entity19 sperm was evaluated by immunofluorescence, and the functional role of @entity54713 in the process of fertilization was determined by CTC staining and in vitro fertilization. RESULT(S): In @entity19 testis, @entity54713 was immunolocalized to elongating spermatids and the staining was confined to the head. Immunoreactivity in @entity19 sperm was mainly seen in the acrosomal region and this expression pattern was not altered in capacitated sperm. However, after the acrosome reaction (AR), the intensity of the fluorescence staining attenuated significantly. @entity54713 antiserum significantly inhibited @entity19 sperm capacitation and the AR in a concentration-dependent manner and the presence of anti- @entity54713 serum, during co-incubation of gametes, produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the percentage of zygotes. CONCLUSION(S): @entity54713 protein is a component of sperm acrosome, which plays a functional role in sperm capacitation and the AR and is consequently necessary for fertilization.

title: XXXX testicular protein @entity54713 is involved in sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity174 of the skeletally immature pelvis are relatively rare. We performed a retrospective analysis of 10 years experience of paediatric @entity174 in @entity1 admitted a Level 1 @entity130 Centre in London. All @entity1 evacuated to the Royal London Hospital by the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) were entered on a comprehensive @entity130 database. This contains data about the time, date and mechanism of injury; nature of the injuries sustained; Injury Severity Score (ISS), Revised @entity130 Score (RTS) and Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS). @entity1 were studied to obtain the following information in addition to that available from the @entity130 database: management of the pelvic @entity174 , length of stay in the intensive care unit and on the ward, and clinical outcome. @entity174 were classified as open type or closed type and stable or unstable type in the database. 44 @entity1 with pelvic @entity174 were admitted via @entity341 in 10 years and seven @entity1 died in that group. The mean age was 11.4 (range 6-16) and 28 male and 16 female @entity1 . Commonest mechanism of injury was pedestrian hit by the car and predominantly stable @entity130 was found in skeletally immature pelvis. Commonest associated injury was long bone @entity174 followed by @entity542 . ISS, GCS and RTS were significantly (p<0.05) altered in the non-survivors compared to the surviving group. All @entity1 save one were treated conservatively allowing gradual mobilisation. In conclusion, @entity174 in @entity1 may themselves have a good long term outcome with conservative management, but they are an indicator of serious other bodily injuries which carry a high mortality.

title: XXXX : 10 years experience in a @entity130 centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'pelvic fractures', 'Fractures', 'Pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Helicopter Emergency Medical Service', 'HEMS']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Paediatric pelvic fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the most effective imaging modality in the investigation of @entity158 ( @entity158 ). METHODS: A narrative review of the available literature was conducted. A total of 326 studies were identified by a literature search, ten of which were included for review. Seven studies investigated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ), one plain radiography and one bone scintigraphy. RESULTS: On analysis, MRI was found consistently to have the highest correlation with clinical and intraoperative findings. @entity4653 and plain radiography provided encouraging results. However, conclusions drawn from this were limited by the paucity of data. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided encouraging results, although conclusions drawn from them were limited by the paucity of data. We believe that MRI should be the current investigation of choice for @entity158 . However, further study is required in the form of multicentre, randomized controlled trials to confirm the validity of the conclusions presented here.

title: A systematic review of imaging modalities in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['GTPS', 'greater trochanteric pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['USS', 'ultrasound scan']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['greater trochanteric pain syndrome']


abstract: 1. The effects of the potent @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor ( @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor, SNRI), @entity352 , on the cumulative food intake of freely-feeding male @entity35 during an 8 h dark period were investigated and compared to those of the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, SSRI), @entity905 ; the selective @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor, @entity5554 ; the @entity750 and @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors, @entity906 and @entity4480 ; and the @entity750 releaser and @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, @entity4899 . 2. @entity352 (3 and 10 mg kg-1, p.o.) and @entity4899 (1 and 3 mg kg-1, p.o.) produced a significant, dose-dependent decrease in food intake over the 8 h dark period. These responses became apparent within the first 2 h following drug administration. 3. @entity905 (3, 10 and 30 mg kg-1, p.o.), and @entity5554 (3, 10 and 30 mg kg-1, p.o.) had no significant effect on food intake during the 8 h dark period. However, a combination of @entity905 and @entity5554 (30 mg kg-1, p.o., of each) significantly decreased food intake 2 and 8 h after drug administration. 4. @entity906 (100 and 300 mg kg-1, p.o.) and @entity4480 (30 mg kg-1, p.o.) also significantly decreased food intake in the 2 and 8 h following drug administration. 5. The results of this study demonstrate that inhibition of @entity750 and @entity1063 reuptake by @entity352 , @entity906 , @entity4480 , or by a combination of @entity905 and @entity5554 , markedly reduces food intake in freely-feeding @entity35 and suggest that this may be a novel approach for the treatment of @entity28 .

title: Comparison of the effects of @entity352 and other monoamine reuptake inhibitors on food intake in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5554 :: ('MESH:C011386', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoxetine']

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['(+)-fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity352 :: ('MESH:C058254', 'Chemical') :: ['Sibutramine', 'sibutramine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['Venlafaxine', 'venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10210 and @entity5279 are @entity171 , a class of chemical compounds originally used to soften hard water and prevent soap scum. @entity10210 was serendipitously found to abate calcification in a @entity1 with @entity5442 ossificans progressiva. OBJECTIVE: Review the basic pharmacology of these compounds, as well as clinical uses of the approved and nonapproved forms. DISCUSSION: @entity10210 is approved for the treatment of @entity2741 , @entity4261 , and ectopic calcification, and has been used to treat @entity2742 and @entity1790 with limited success. Recently it has been used to treat @entity170 . @entity5279 is approved to treat @entity2741 . These two drugs are the only @entity171 available in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trials with @entity10210 have aroused widespread interest in the application of @entity171 to treat @entity170 . Many trials are underway to evaluate these new drugs. More information will be available within the next 5 years.

title: From bathtub ring to @entity170 : a clinical review of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate', 'Pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity10210 :: ('MESH:D012968', 'Chemical') :: ['Etidronate', 'etidronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease of bone"]

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity171 :: (MESH:D004164,Chemical) :: ['bisphosphonates']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity750 , a key denominator of the brain-gut axis is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal function as well as cognition, mood and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-mediated neuroendocrine responses. AIM: To assess the effects of an acutely increased serotonergic activity, using a 20 mg intravenous @entity837 challenge test on visceral perception, affective memory performance, mood and neuroendocrine responses, respectively, in @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 @entity1 and controls. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind crossover design, 14 @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 @entity1 and 14 matched controls were studied under @entity837 and placebo conditions, respectively. Visceral perception was scored in response to rectal distensions. Affective memory performance, mood, levels of @entity4545 , @entity701 , prolactin and biochemical parameters of serotonergic metabolism were simultaneously assessed. RESULTS: Visceral perception did not significantly differ between the @entity837 and placebo condition. @entity837 administration enhanced affective memory performance because of a bias towards positive material but no significant changes in mood. @entity837 significantly increased plasma @entity750 , @entity4545 and @entity701 levels compared with placebo. @entity837 did not differentially affect the @entity1 or control group. CONCLUSIONS: We have provided evidence that acutely increased serotonergic activity influences neuroendocrine responses and cognition in @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 and controls without a significant effect on visceral perception.

title: The effects of an acute serotonergic challenge on brain-gut responses in @entity1744 XXXX and controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'Citalopram']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The limited form of @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA), formerly known as @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) primarily involves the head and neck region, including the orbit, but is often a diagnostic challenge, particularly as it commonly lacks positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) titres or classical features on diagnostic orbital biopsies. The purpose of this study was to relate biopsy findings with clinical outcome and to determine which histopathological features are predictive of a clinical diagnosis of GPA. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 234 @entity1 identified from the database of the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology Department of Eye Pathology as having had orbital biopsies of orbital inflammatory disorders performed between 1988 and 2009. Clinical records were obtained for the @entity1 and analysed to see whether @entity1 had GPA or not, according to a standard set of diagnostic criteria (excluding any histopathological findings). Biopsy features were then correlated with the clinical diagnosis in univariate and multivariate analyses to determine factors predictive of GPA. RESULTS: Of the 234 @entity1 , 36 were diagnosed with GPA and 198 with other orbital pathologies. The majority of biopsies were from orbital masses (47%). Histology showed a range of acute and chronic inflammatory pictures in all biopsies, but the presence of neutrophils (P<0.001), @entity1333 (P<0.001), @entity39 (P<0.001), eosinophils (P<0.02) and macrophages (P=0.05) were significantly associated with a later clinical diagnosis of GPA. In a multivariate analysis, only tissue neutrophils (OR=3.6, P=0.01) and @entity1333 (OR=2.6, P=0.02) were independently associated with GPA, in contrast to previous reports associating eosinophils and @entity39 with the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophil, eosinophil and macrophage infiltration of orbital tissues, together with @entity1333 and @entity39 , are all associated with a clinical diagnosis of GPA, but only neutrophil infiltration and @entity1333 are independently associated with this diagnosis. These features may assist in the establishing the diagnosis of limited GPA among @entity1 with @entity2694 , particularly in the absence of positive serum ANCA titres.

title: Histopathological features predictive of a clinical diagnosis of ophthalmic @entity2883 with XXXX (GPA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['early orbital disease']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', 'Polyangiitis', 'Granulomatosis', "Wegener's Granulomatosis"]

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['polyangiitis']


abstract: Quantifying chest wall kinematics and rib cage distortion during ventilatory effort in subjects with @entity1408 ( @entity1408 ) has yet to be defined. We studied 24 @entity1 : 19 during maximal @entity2798 (MVV) and 5 during MVV and cycling exercise (CE). By optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) we assessed operational volumes in upper rib cage, lower rib cage and abdomen. Ten age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. @entity1 exhibited mild restrictive lung defect. During MVV end-inspiratory and end-expiratory volumes of chest wall compartments increased progressively in controls, whereas most @entity1 avoided dynamic hyperinflation by setting operational volumes at values lower than controls. Mild rib cage distortion was found in three @entity1 at rest, but neither in @entity1 nor in controls did MVV or CE consistently affect coordinated motion of the rib cage. Rib cage displacement was not correlated with a CT-scan severity index. Conclusions, mild rib cage distortion rarely occurs in @entity1408 @entity1 with mild @entity154 . OEP contributes to clinical evaluation of @entity1408 @entity1 .

title: Chest wall kinematics in young subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive defect']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'Pectus excavatum']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary ventilation']

answer: @entity1408 :: (MESH:D005660,Disease) :: ['Pectus excavatum']


abstract: The levels of lipid @entity273 (LHPs) in vitreous are elevated in a variety of @entity989 . Recently, we have shown that increased levels of LHPs in the vitreous enhanced leukocyte-endothelium interaction in the retina, which should contribute to the initial disturbance of the retinal microcirculation. Based upon the previous work, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of @entity968 - @entity224 dismutase ( @entity970 -SOD), one of the important enzyme antioxidants, on leukocyte-endothelial interaction in the retinal microcirculation under LHP-induced oxidative stress. Male Brown- @entity35 weighing approximately 250 g were used. LHP(18:2) was made from @entity4722 (LA) with lipoxygenase and 10 microg of LHP dissolved in 5 microl of @entity33504 buffer (SBB, 0.02 m) was slowly injected into the vitreous using a 33-gauge needle. @entity970 -SOD (5000 units/kg) was given intravenously 5 min before LHP injection. At 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr after the vitreous injections, we evaluated the number of rolling leukocytes along the major retinal veins and the number of leukocytes that accumulated in the retinal microvasculature with @entity8574 orange digital fluorography. In LHP-treated @entity35 , leukocyte rolling along the major retinal veins was maximal at 6 hr after LHP injection. The number of rolling leukocytes in the @entity970 -SOD-treated @entity35 was decreased to 5.5% of those in the LHP-treated @entity35 at 6 hr after LHP injection (P<0.01). No rolling leukocytes were observed in either control or vehicle-treated eyes. The number of accumulated leukocytes in LHP-treated eyes started to increase at 12 hr, and peaked at 24 hr which was significantly higher than in both control and vehicle-treated eyes (P<0.01). The number of accumulated leukocytes in the @entity970 -SOD-treated @entity35 was reduced by 88.0% at 24 hr (P<0.01). Intravenous injection of @entity52385 significantly inhibited the leukocyte rolling and its accumulation under LHP-induced oxidative stress. These results suggest that @entity970 -SOD might attenuate various retinal microcirculatory disorders associated with LHP.

title: Protective effect of @entity968 - @entity224 dismutase on leukocyte dynamics in @entity35 retinal microcirculation under lipid XXXX -induced oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity33504 :: ('MESH:C010634', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium borate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Norway rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydroperoxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The abnormal response to activated @entity3790 could be the mechanism to explain the prothrombotic role of @entity3459 factor levels. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of factor VIII, II, or X ( @entity2801 , FII, or FX) levels on activated @entity3790 resistance technique and its association with the resistant phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The correlation between APCR and @entity2801 was assessed in 36 samples, after Desmopressin infusion and the correlation between FII or FX and APCR in 15 @entity1 with plasma levels between 100-125 U/dl. Also, the effect of the addition of purified @entity1 factors (FII, FX) to a normal plasma pool (final concentration: 100, 120, 140, 180, 220 U/dl) was estimated on the APCR technique. RESULTS: APCR values correlated with @entity2801 increase (r(Spearman) = 0.839; p < 0.001); APCR was abnormal (<2.4) in 9/36 samples, showing higher @entity2801 values in the abnormal group (VIII(abnormalAPCR) = 176.7 +/- 14.2; VIII(normalAPCR) = 103.5 +/- 8.0). APCR did not correlate with endogenous FII (r(Spearman) = 0.423) or FX (r(Spearman) = -0.169). However, the addition of @entity1 FII or FX to the normal plasma pool caused a decrease in APCR (r(SpearmanFII) = -0.843; r(SpearmanFX) = -0.958) without reaching abnormal (<2.4) results. @entity2801 levels may be associated with a resistant phenotype at values >153.0 U/dl, according to the linear regression analysis. Exogenous FII or FX levels greater than 120 U/dl would affect the APCR, without obtaining abnormal results. CONCLUSIONS: The data do not allow the direct association of the FII or FX increase with a defect in the @entity3790 system in the current conditions.

title: Endogenous or exogenous coagulation factor level and the response to activated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['elevated coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

answer: @entity3790 :: (5624,Gene) :: ['protein C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although there has been substantial progress in controlling @entity5695 in South Korea, the reported number of @entity5695 case- @entity1 has gradually been increasing during the last decade. To address this, we summarized the surveillance data on @entity5695 collected during the period 1955-2011. Detailed epidemiologic and clinical data were determined, primarily using data from recent years. METHODS: We analyzed data from the national surveillance system to describe the occurrence of @entity5695 . The annual numbers of reported @entity5695 case- @entity1 were identified for the period 1955-2000. For 2001-2009, information including limited demographic characteristics and the date of onset of symptoms were identified. For 2010-2011, detailed epidemiologic and clinical information of reported @entity5695 case- @entity1 were collected. RESULTS: During 1955-2011, the secular trend was characterized by a gradual decrease in the reported number of cases from 1955 to the late 1990s, then a recent increase starting in the early 2000s. In 2009, a large number of reported cases occurred in @entity1 <1 year of age. In 2011, an increase in reported cases among adolescents and adults aged >= 15 years was observed. During 2010-2011, 29.8% of reported cases were not immunized and 11.3% had not been immunized in a timely manner. Of adolescents and adults aged >= 15 years, 91.7% did not have a record of immunization. CONCLUSIONS: During 2010-2011, a shift in age group was observed in @entity5695 case- @entity1 : 33.8% were young @entity1 <3 months of age and 29.0% were adolescents and adults >= 15 years of age. Considering that @entity1 without timely vaccination may be vulnerable to an increased risk of @entity281 , steps to provide timely vaccination to @entity1 , to provide Tdap vaccination to adolescents and adults, and to enhance surveillance to capture adult @entity5695 cases should be taken in South Korea.

title: National XXXX surveillance in South Korea 1955-2011: epidemiological and clinical trends.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis infection']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

answer: @entity5695 :: (MESH:D014917,Disease) :: ['pertussis']