abstract: Liposomal nerve growth factor (NGF) was used for the treatment of focal @entity2806 in a @entity35 model. Positive charge inducing agents of @entity5597 (SP) and @entity1752 (S) were formulated in the liposomal NGF. Dose-response of intraventricular injection of liposomal NGF showed significant reduction in @entity1188 volume at the dose of 5 and 10 microg/ @entity35 of NGF. The liposomal NGF formulated with SP or S demonstrated similar results in the reduction of total @entity1188 volume in @entity35 . When we increased the molar ratio of SP and S from 0.15 to 0.3, the @entity1188 volume from @entity35 showed a similar value as that of the control treated with NGF solution. Liposomal NGF was given prior to the development of @entity63 . We found that NGF was effective in prevention of @entity528 . The NGF concentrations in brain for liposomal NGF were maintained in a level significantly higher than those for NGF solution. This was attributed to the positively charged liposomal NGF bound effectively in brain ventricle and caused longer retention time than free NGF for localization in brain. Therefore, the effect of liposomal NGF on reduction of @entity1188 volume was significant. We assumed that the transportation of NGF might go through the cerebrospinal fluid pathway throughout the ventricular system and subarachnoid system to cerebral cortex to produce a therapeutic effect on @entity63 .

title: Treatment of focal XXXX with liposomal nerve growth factor.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5597 :: ('MESH:D013110', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine']

entities_list: @entity1752 :: ('MESH:C009317', 'Chemical') :: ['stearylamine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: Intact and hypophysectomized male @entity575 eels ( @entity4715 ) in fresh water received a single injection of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) (250 C) or solvent (0.15 M @entity1219 ). No effect of solvent was observed. Spermatogonia proliferated in testis of @entity1465 -treated intact or hypophysectomized eels. One month after the injection, primary and secondary spermatocytes were found. After 3 months, numerous spermatozoa were present. In hypophysectomized eels, @entity1465 was also effective even though maturing germ cells were less numerous and spermiation was less frequent than in intact animals. Within 1 week after @entity1465 injection, plasma levels of free and glucuroconjugated @entity3800 ( @entity251 and @entity5444 ) rose significantly in intact and hypophysectomized fish. The highest values were observed within 1 month, and then plasma levels decreased to pretreatment values. The most important changes were observed in the case of free @entity5444 . The long-term effects of @entity1465 can be explained partly by the long half-life of this hormone. The effects of hypophysectomy on the response of testis to @entity1465 caused us to think that some endogenous pituitary secretions must interfere in the intact fish so that maximal effects of @entity1465 , especially on the induction of spermiation, are obtained.

title: Induction of spermatogenesis and spermiation by a single injection of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin in intact and hypophysectomized immature @entity4715 ( @entity4715 L.).

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5444 :: ('MESH:C003600', 'Chemical') :: ['11-oxotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity4715 :: ('7936', 'Species') :: ['Anguilla anguilla']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional functional imaging studies have shown a reduced leftward language lateralization in @entity161 @entity1 . An unanswered question is whether this reduced leftward lateralization is stable over time or is modified over the course of the illness. METHODS: Ten right-handed (RH) @entity1 (DSM-IV) and 10 RH controls were matched one-to-one for sex, age, and level of education. The subjects underwent two separate fMRI sessions while engaged in a story listening task, 21 months apart. After each session, story comprehension (task performance) was assessed through a 12-item questionnaire. The stability of the decreased asymmetry indices in the semantic region of interest (LANG) was investigated with an ANOVA to compare groups and sessions. In order to test the evolution of functional asymmetry indices at an individual level, a linear correlation between both fMRI session asymmetry indices was calculated in all subjects. Correlations between asymmetry indices and the severity of @entity716 or task performances were computed. RESULTS: The asymmetry indices of the LANG were significantly reduced in @entity1 as compared to controls and strongly correlated between sessions. Values of asymmetry indices were unrelated to either @entity716 or task performances. CONCLUSIONS: This reduced leftward lateralization for language did not vary over time and was not influenced by the @entity716 severity or the task performances. This result reinforces the hypothesis that @entity161 is characterized by a particular organization of language.

title: Stability of functional language lateralization over time in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity189 of the biliary tract is a rare @entity5 . To date, there is no therapeutic measure with curative potential apart from surgical intervention. Thus, @entity1 with advanced, i.e. unresectable or metastatic disease, face a dismal prognosis. They present a difficult problem to clinicians as to whether to choose a strictly supportive approach or to expose @entity1 to the side-effects of a potentially ineffective treatment. The objective of this article is to review briefly the clinical trials available in the current literature utilising non-surgical oncological treatment (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) either in @entity1 with advanced, i.e. locally inoperable or metastatic @entity1125 or as an adjunct to surgery. From 65 studies identified, there seems to be no standard therapy for advanced @entity5 . Despite anecdotal reports of symptomatic palliation and survival advantages, most studies involved only a small number of @entity1 and were performed in a phase II approach. In addition, the benefit of adjuvant treatment remains largely unproven. No clear trend in favour of radiation therapy could be seen when the studies included a control group. In addition, the only randomised chemotherapeutic series seemed to suggest a benefit of treatment in @entity1442 , but due to the small number of @entity1 included, definitive evidence from large, randomised series concerning the benefit of non-surgical oncological intervention as compared with supportive care is still lacking. @entity1 with advanced @entity1125 should be offered the opportunity to participate in clinical trials.

title: The role of chemotherapy and radiation in the management of XXXX : a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer', 'cancer of the biliary tract']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['biliary cancer']


abstract: We reported previously that intermittent @entity519 with @entity515 to maintain eucapnia (IH-C) elevates plasma @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) and arterial pressure. In small mesenteric arteries (sMA; inner diameter = 150 microm), IH-C augments @entity1827 constrictor sensitivity but diminishes @entity1827 -induced increases in intracellular @entity141 concentration, suggesting IH-C exposure increases both @entity1827 levels and @entity1827 -stimulated @entity141 sensitization. Because @entity13291 ( @entity13291 ) can mediate @entity141 sensitization, we hypothesized that augmented vasoconstrictor sensitivity to @entity1827 in arteries from IH-C-exposed @entity35 is dependent on @entity13291 activation. In thoracic aortic rings, @entity1827 contraction was not different between groups, but @entity13291 inhibition ( @entity12223 , 3 and 10 microM) attenuated @entity1827 contraction more in IH-C than in sham arteries (50 +/- 11 and 78 +/- 7% vs. 41 +/- 12 and 48 +/- 9% inhibition, respectively). Therefore, @entity13291 appears to contribute more to @entity1827 contraction in IH-C than in sham aorta. In sMA, @entity13291 inhibitors did not affect @entity1827 -mediated constriction in sham arteries and only modestly inhibited it in IH-C arteries. In @entity1360 -permeabilized sMA with intracellular @entity141 concentration held at basal levels, @entity12223 did not affect @entity1827 -mediated constriction in either IH-C or sham sMA and @entity1827 did not stimulate @entity13291 translocation. In contrast, inhibition of @entity13292 ( @entity13293 , 100 microM) prevented @entity1827 -mediated constriction in sMA from both groups. Therefore, IH-C exposure increases @entity1827 vasoconstrictor sensitivity in sMA but not in aorta. Furthermore, @entity1827 constriction is @entity13292 dependent and mediated by @entity141 sensitization that is independent of @entity13291 activation in sMA but not aorta. Thus @entity1827 -mediated signaling in aorta and sMA is altered by IH-C but is dependent on different second messenger systems in small vs. large arteries.

title: @entity13291 contribution to endothelin-mediated contraction in aorta and mesenteric arteries following intermittent @entity519 /hypercapnia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study describes the experience of a tertiary care hospital in the management of differentiated @entity259 . @entity259 accounts for less than 1% of all @entity1 @entity5 . Nevertheless, it is the commonest endocrine @entity5 constituting 90% of @entity8703 . It is the commonest @entity5 in Saudi Arabian @entity1 second to @entity0 . This fact makes differentiated @entity259 an important @entity5 and a challenging disease. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 diagnosed to have differentiated @entity259 in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between 1st January 2000 and 30th September 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. The data included @entity1 's demographic details, clinical diagnoses, co-morbid conditions, relevant investigations, imaging studies, medical and surgical treatment offered, types of surgeries performed, radioactive @entity1496 therapy given, and the complications and outcome of management. Management of these @entity1 follows a clinical care pathway set up by the hospital @entity259 Group representing various multidisciplinary team members. RESULTS: One hundred and eight medical records were reviewed. Of these, 72 (66.7%) @entity1 were females and 36 (33.3%) were males. Median age for the females was 40 years, and for males 45 years. Ninety @entity1 (83.3%) had a @entity1377 , four @entity1 (3.7%) had a @entity189 and fourteen @entity1 (13%) had other types, namely @entity259 , @entity189 and @entity706 . A total of 78 @entity1 underwent various forms of surgery in our hospital and the remaining @entity1 underwent operation in the district hospitals before they were referred to our centre for further management. Complications included @entity548 (1.8%), voice changes (4.5%), and hypocalcaemia (3.8%). The overall outcome showed that 99 @entity1 (91.7%) were alive and well at the time of analysis, 4 @entity1 (3.7%) died and 5 @entity1 (4.6%) were lost to follow up. CONCLUSIONS: This hospital-based epidemiological study, the largest one done in the western part of Saudi Arabia, showed that differentiated @entity259 behavior and the management approach we adopt is not different from other centres of excellence. In spite of the relatively higher number of redo surgery we performed in these @entity1 , yet the incidence of recurrent @entity13587 and hypocalcaemia are similar to what is published in the literature.

title: Consensus-based management of differentiated XXXX in a tertiary care set-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13587 :: ('MESH:D061224', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer', 'medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid cancer', 'Thyroid Cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: @entity3776 dehydrogenase from @entity14921 is denatured in 8 M @entity1133 and dissociated into its two inactive subunits. Denaturation leads to an approximately 80% decrease in protein fluorescence and a 20-nm red shift in the emission maximum. Upon dilution, the @entity1133 -treated enzyme regains catalytic activity (approximately 70%). The reactivated enzyme is indistinguishable from the native enzyme based on a number of physicochemical and enzymological criteria. The kinetics of renaturation and reactivation were monitored by measuring the rates of regain of native fluorescence and appearance of activity and the accessibility of @entity3793 residues toward @entity13201 modification. Regain of native fluorescence was too rapid to measure at 25 degrees C; at 5 degrees C the initial phase was also too rapid, but a slower phase was monitored and shown to obey first-order kinetics with k = (5.9 +/- 1.3) x 10(-3) s-1. Reappearance of activity was measured at several protein concentrations; reactivation followed second-order kinetics with k = (4.85 +/- 0.47) x 10(-3) M-1 min-1. Reactivation was stimulated to different degrees by either the initial or delayed addition of @entity2125 +, @entity1110 +, or @entity3776 . During the initial, rapid phase of renaturation, approximately 3 of the enzyme's 12 @entity3793 residues become unreactive toward @entity13201 ; concomitant with the subsequent reactivation, approximately 7 more histidines become inaccessible to @entity13201 . The data are consistent with a model for enzyme renaturation and reactivation in which the unfolded subunits rapidly refold to an inactive structure that can dimerize slowly to generate native enzyme. Specific ligands stimulate reactivation by binding to refolded subunits or incompletely folded dimers.

title: @entity3776 dehydrogenase from XXXX . Kinetics of reassociation and reactivation from inactive subunits.

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity13201 :: ('MESH:D004047', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl pyrocarbonate']

entities_list: @entity14921 :: ('1245', 'Species') :: ['Leuconostoc mesenteroides']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate', 'Glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity14921 :: (1245,Species) :: ['Leuconostoc mesenteroides']


abstract: Surgical repair of extremity @entity1317 remains controversial. Literature supports both ligation and repair when analyzed for functional recovery. However, few studies review the natural history of venous repair for @entity130 . Twenty @entity1 were prospectively enrolled in a protocol of immediate repair of major extremity veins. Simple venorraphy and complex reconstructions were performed at the discretion of the operative team. @entity1 were studied by contrast venogram on postoperative day 3 and 6 weeks after surgery. @entity1 with occluded repairs at 3 days received a 5-day course of intravenous anticoagulation and were discharged. Overall, patency at 3 days was 55 per cent and increased to 88 per cent at 6 weeks (P < 0.02). Lateral venorraphy and direct reapproximation had higher patency rates than complex repairs at 6 weeks (92% versus 50%; P < 0.05). All veins that were patent at 3 days remained patent (correlation coefficient 1.0). Repair of traumatized extremity veins carries minimal morbidity and has a high rate of early and eventual patency. Long-term anticoagulation in the face of early @entity715 is unnecessary.

title: The natural history of extremity venous repair performed for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['venous injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Acute @entity583 was found to be the main cause of increased long-term mortality in @entity1 after transurethral compared to open prostatectomy in various retrospective studies. We performed a randomized prospective study to compare morbidity and incidence of @entity583 in @entity1 after transurethral compared to open prostatectomy for @entity1067 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 365 @entity1 who were assigned to transurethral (236) or open (129) prostatectomy only according to the size of the prostate and who were followed for 7 to 8 years. The clinical status of the @entity1 in both groups before and after the operation was compared, and the rate of @entity583 and long-term mortality was studied. RESULTS: More @entity1 with a history of @entity64 (5.4 versus 0.8%) and indwelling catheters (16.3 versus 7.6%) before the operation were in the open prostatectomy group. Among the 236 @entity1 operated on transurethrally 31 were reoperated on (6 more than once) during followup compared to 4 of the 129 @entity1 who underwent open prostatectomy. In 15 @entity1 from the transurethral prostatectomy group @entity583 developed compared to 9 @entity1 in the open prostatectomy group. This difference was not statistically significant. The rate of @entity583 after prostatectomy, no matter which approach was used, was greater than 6% and it appeared to be higher when compared to the rate of @entity1188 in the general population of the same age group, which is approximately 2.5% in our county. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall mortality rate between the transurethral and open prostatectomy groups, which was 14.4 and 8.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Open prostatectomy is more effective in overcoming @entity1876 than the transurethral approach. No significant differences in @entity583 or overall mortality rates were found between the 2 groups.

title: Long-term incidence of XXXX after open and transurethral resection of the prostate for @entity1067 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4037 Background: There is great concern that response assessment utilizing RECIST may not be equivalent to methodology previously employed with WHO in the evaluation of @entity418 , as has been seen in other @entity5 types ( @entity5 2003 Oct. 15; 98[8]:1611-9). It is our hypothesis that this discordance may be due in part to the inaccurate use of the long dimension (RECIST) in evaluation of metastatic lymphadenopathy, as it is apparent that the short axis of a lymph node is more predictive of @entity5 than its long axis. In order to test this hypothesis, we developed a new parameter of response called the "Eccentricity Factor" (EF) and evaluated it in a clinical trial in which responses were measured by RECIST and WHO. METHODS: 23 @entity1 with metastatic @entity418 involved in a phase II trial of @entity10186 and @entity1311 were included in this retrospective study. 93 lesions were assessed at baseline and these were subsequently followed on serial CT scans. Response assessment was calculated with both unidimensional and bidimensional @entity5 measurements. A new parameter, "EF", a measure of a @entity5 shape was calculated (EF =    1-(LPD/ @entity601 ) (2) where LPD = largest perpendicular diameter, and @entity601 = maximal diameter). RESULTS: There was a 26% disagreement rate in best overall response between unidimensional (RECIST) and bidimensional (WHO) measurements. 3/23 @entity1 categorized as each PR and @entity1726 by WHO were SD by RECIST. The average change in the EF was 0.45 for those @entity1 with agreement and significantly greater 0.8 (p<0.001) for time points of disagreement between RECIST and WHO. The greater the change in the EF, the greater the discordance between WHO and RECIST as well as the greater the change in @entity5 shape. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a significant difference in response assessment between WHO and RECIST, which may be due in part to the change in eccentricity of @entity5 as measured by the EF. The greater the change in eccentricity, the greater the discordance between WHO and RECIST as well as the greater the change in @entity5 shape. The importance of this factor needs to be prospectively validated but could be critical in assessment of overall @entity5 response in any therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Response assessment parameters in XXXX - conventional and novel techniques.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3572 Background: The relationship between @entity5 radiological (RX) response and long-term outcome is unclear for current drugs. Early response is a proposed efficacy endpoint for drug screening and on-treatment evaluation and warrants investigation as a predictor of long-term outcomes. We previously showed @entity5 shrinkage (ETS) in combination chemotherapy (CT) + cetuximab (cet) regimens identified @entity984 wild-type (wt) mCRC @entity1 (pts) with improved outcome. We used the CRYSTAL and OPUS studies to quantify the predictive power of @entity5 size changes at week (wk) 8 for long-term outcome investigating heterogeneity across treatment arms (CT or CT + cet). METHODS: Tumor @entity984 status and RX data at wk 8 were available for 820 pts from the CRYSTAL study and 297 from the OPUS study. Using investigators' assessments, a relative change in the sum of the longest diameters of @entity75 compared to baseline was calculated. Time-Dependent Receiver-Operating-Characteristics (TDROC) were used to obtain C   indices. Cox regression models and Subpopulation Treatment Effect Pattern Plots (STEPP) identified interaction between ETS and treatment arm. Outcome measures were progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: In both studies TDROC indicated a strong relationship between change in @entity5 size at wk 8 and PFS in @entity984 wt mCRC pts receiving CT + cet. This was weaker in the CT arm. Data were similar for @entity1349 with lower C   indices. Treatment interaction was confirmed by significant interaction terms for PFS in the Cox regression models and for both PFS and @entity1349 with STEPP methodology. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate a strong relationship between ETS and long-term outcome in @entity984 wt mCRC pts receiving CT + cet compared with CT alone. This suggests a possible use for ETS as a predictor of outcome in this setting. Further studies are needed to see how this may impact on clinical decision making. [Table: see text].

title: Early XXXX shrinkage and long-term outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Assessment of predictive utility across treatment arms in the CRYSTAL and OPUS studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesions']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This article was a retrospective analysis on the preoperative CT scan of @entity364 @entity1 . The non-distinctive clinic feature was suggested to improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was made for 176 @entity1 with @entity364 ,which were confirmed by postoperative pathologic diagnosis from January 2000 to January 2008. Every @entity1 was performed both CT examination and nasal endoscopy preoperatively. All @entity1 underwent @entity75 in sinus were cleared and confirmed @entity364 by pathology. Thirty-five cases @entity364 located in sphenoid sinus, 84 cases in maxillary sinus, 49 cases in both maxillary and ethmoid sinus, 3 cases in all sinus, 5 cases in both ethmoid and sphenoid sinus. There were 179 sinuses in 176 @entity1 were infected. RESULT: This group totally had 175 cases (179 sides). One hundred and seventy-three cases had unilateral lesion,3 cases had bilateral lesion. The CT scan showed non-distinctive features including uniform dense, uneven dense in the sinus and bone resorption of the inner side bone wall. Five cases in @entity75 were found @entity730 in CT scan but 8 cases didn't show such features. Among these cases, 5 cases showed uniform dense and 3 cases showed uneven dense. In 84 cases @entity1177 , there were 12 cases without distinctive change, among these cases,8 cases showed uniform dense, 4 cases showed uneven dense and 5 cases had bone resorption. In 49 cases both ethmoid and @entity1177 , 13 cases didn't show distinctive change, among these cases, 9 cases showed uniform dense, 4 cases showed uneven dense and 6 cases had bone resorption. Five cases had @entity730 in the both sphenoid and ethmoid sinus. Totally 81.56% of these @entity1 had @entity730 feature in the CT scan. CONCLUSION: The @entity730 in the lesion of sinus is usually featured as characteristic manifestation of @entity364 . But in clinic, the @entity730 does not exit in some @entity1 CT scan. When being absent of the featured sign in CT scan, the @entity364 have to be diagnosed by other detecting means,even postoperative pathology.

title: [Non-distinctive features on CT scan of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1177 :: ('MESH:D008444', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinus lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sphenoid sinus lesion', 'endoscopic sinus surgery and the lesions']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection', 'fungal sinusitis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal sinusitis']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 with complete T3-12 traumatic @entity451 were fitted with @entity572 ( @entity572 , four cases), @entity11583 ( @entity11583 , 13 cases) or advanced @entity11583 (ARGO, 11 cases). @entity1 were enrolled for 2 months-6 years (median 5 months) in six Italian rehabilitation centres engaged in a common prospective protocol, including a 6 month follow up. After 12-84 (median 20) rehabilitation sessions over a 3-16 week (median 7) period of specific training all of the @entity1 could perform don-doff manoeuvres autonomously in 2.5-15 min (median 6.4), and could walk at least 30 m with a walker (15 cases) or forearm crutches (13 cases) at 10-50 cm/s (median 16.6). @entity572 @entity1 tended to walk more slowly than the others. None of them could walk upstairs, while three out of 13 @entity11583 @entity1 and seven out of 11 ARGO @entity1 could. Six months later, 21 @entity1 still used the orthosis for 0.5-3 h daily (median 2). Only four @entity1 used the orthosis to walk outdoors. As a median they could still attain the speed recorded at discharge. Six @entity1 had decided to abandon the device, while one was wheelchair bound due to a recent spinal intervention. Neither clinical, @entity717 , nor centre and type of orthosis appeared to be predictive of abandonment of the device. During either the training or the follow up periods, six out of 13 @entity11583 and seven out of 11 ARGO had to be repaired by the orthotist 1-10 times (median 3). Thus, in our sample of paraplegics, walking with these orthoses appeared to be a promising form of exercise rather than an alternative to wheelchair locomotion.

title: Restoration of gait with orthoses in thoracic XXXX : a multicentric investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['demographic or locomotor variables']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip guidance orthosis', 'HGO']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['reciprocating gait orthosis', 'RGO']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: Based on the theoretical deep penetration of radio frequencies, we have developed several 27.12 MHz ridged wave guides, with large apertures, and filled with circulating deionized water. Different low impedance matching networks have been tested and a 0-800 W power generator has been designed for this particular clinical use. This can be driven easily by a microcomputer which is used to regulate the temperature at depth by varying the sequencing time and/or by adjusting the @entity6470 power. The complete system, known as HPRL 27, is manufactured by Sairem Ets. Studies of the spatial power density distributions show a relatively homogeneous @entity6470 field for an aperture greater than 30 X 14 cm. Preliminary heating patterns studied in phantoms indicate the possibility of treating volumes greater than 2000 cm3 within the 50 per cent isotherm. Maximum heating is observed between 2 and 5 cm deep with passive cooling, and between 3 and 6 cm deep with active cooling, in which case the 50 per cent isotherm is situated between 2 and 10 cm deep. Preliminary phase I clinical results on 20 @entity1 with @entity530 show the possibility of heating @entity5 to above 42 degrees C with a good @entity1 tolerance. Temperature is controlled by implantable catheters or in the case of pelvic heating, by inserting catheters into the vagina, the rectum and the bladder. This new device is well adapted for the treatment of pelvic @entity5 .

title: Preliminary technical, experimental and clinical results of the use of the HPLR 27 system for the treatment of XXXX by hyperthermia.

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic or thoracic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['deep-seated tumours', 'tumours']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['deep-seated tumours']


abstract: Diet plays no direct role in neutralizing the effects of the basic defect in @entity1577 , but it can prevent some of the acquired damage caused by complications. Adequate caloric intake provides the energy needed for exercise and cell metabolism, a strong diaphragm, normal cellular immunity, and a positive psychological outlook. Clinical management is aimed at achieving good nutrition. @entity1 education about nutrition and use of dietary supplements should be started immediately upon diagnosis. Careful clinical examinations and regular follow-up are necessary to detect complications that will interfere with good nutrition. Complications must be treated aggressively. Psychological and social stresses need to be recognized, and psychological referral may be necessary. The clinician's best tools to achieve these goals are the @entity1 's dietary and gastrointestinal history, the anthropometric measurements taken at each office visit, regular @entity1 assessment, and constant attention to detail in monitoring and charting the course of disease. Extraordinary measures, such as nighttime feedings by @entity5274 and @entity5275 , may be necessary. For best results, these measures must be started before pulmonary complications threaten survival.

title: Diet for XXXX . Nutritional requirements and prescriptions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['nasogastric or gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['intravenous hyperalimentation']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 undergoing spinal surgery were monitored for @entity1372 balance, fluid type, and volume input and output during surgery and for the first 3 postoperative days. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively document the true incidence of the syndrome of @entity6085 and @entity2753 , and identify risk and protective factors for the development of the syndrome of @entity6085 after spinal surgery. METHODS: Data on medical history, surgical procedure, estimated @entity190 , and volumes and types of intraoperative and postoperative fluids were collected on 116 consecutive spinal surgery @entity1 during March to July 1992. RESULTS: One hundred one spinal operations in 96 @entity1 were evaluated. There were 48 males and 48 females, with a mean age of 52 years (range, 16 to 90 years). @entity2753 developed in 45 (44.6%) @entity1 . The etiology of @entity2753 was the syndrome of @entity6085 in seven @entity1 (6.9%), @entity3485 in 19 @entity1 (18%), and other causes in six @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Spine @entity1 are at risk for @entity2753 and the syndrome of @entity6085 . The incidence of the syndrome of @entity6085 was 6.9%. Serum @entity1372 should be monitored postoperatively. @entity1 who undergo a revision operation have an approximately two to four times greater risk of being affected by the syndrome of @entity6085 than those who have primary surgery.

title: XXXX and syndrome of @entity6085 in adult spinal surgery.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['Hyponatremia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the outcome of surgical resection of metastatic @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) in cervical lymph nodes after failure of initial surgery and I(131) therapy. DESIGN: This was a retrospective clinical study. SETTING: The study was conducted at a university-based tertiary @entity5 hospital. @entity1 : A cohort of 95 consecutive @entity1 with recurrent/persistent @entity3557 in the neck underwent initial reoperation during 1999-2005. All had previous thyroidectomy (+/-nodal dissection) and I(131) therapy. Twenty-five patients with antithyroglobulin (Tg) antibodies were subsequently excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Biochemical complete remission (BCR) was stringently defined as undetectable TSH-stimulated serum Tg. RESULTS: A total of 107 lymphadenectomies were undertaken in these 70 @entity1 through January 2010. BCR was initially achieved in 12 @entity1 (17%). Of the 58 @entity1 with detectable postoperative Tg, 28 had a second reoperation and BCR was achieved in five (18%), seven had a third reoperation, and none achieved BCR. No @entity1 achieving BCR had a subsequent recurrence after a mean follow-up of 60 months (range 4-116 months). In addition, two more @entity1 achieved BCR during long-term follow-up without further intervention. In total, 19 @entity1 (27%) achieved BCR and 32 @entity1 (46%) achieved a TSH-stimulated Tg less than 2.0 ng/ml. @entity1 who did not achieve BCR had significant reduction in Tg after the first (P < 0.001) and second (P = 0.008) operations. No @entity1 developed detectable distant metastases or died from @entity3557 . CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection of persistent @entity3557 in cervical lymph nodes achieves BCR, when most stringently defined, in 27% of @entity1 , sometimes requiring several surgeries. No biochemical or clinical recurrences occurred during follow-up. In @entity1 who do not achieve BCR, Tg levels were significantly reduced. The long-term durability and impact of this intervention will require further investigation.

title: Long-term efficacy of lymph node reoperation for persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ratio of systolic lengthening to combined late and postsystolic shortening (L/ @entity1950 ratio) on longitudinal Doppler strain imaging (Doppler SI) may be an index of @entity296 . We hypothesized that measuring the postsystolic index (PSI) and the L/ @entity1950 ratio during @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) could quantitatively identify viable @entity1562 with the potential for regional functional recovery. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with old @entity583 (OMI) underwent DSE with Doppler SI and coronary angiography (Group 1). To clarify the value of measuring the PSI and L/ @entity1950 ratio by DSE with Doppler SI in @entity1 with OMI, these Doppler parameters and visual analysis of wall motion abnormality (WMA) were compared on a segmental basis. To investigate the prediction of regional functional recovery, 10 @entity1 with OMI (Group 2) and stenosis of the infarct-related coronary artery underwent DSE with Doppler SI before and after percutaneous coronary intervention. RESULTS: In Group 1, 143 out of 556 segments showed a biphasic WMA pattern during DSE. There were no segments with evidence of @entity39 . The PSI at peak stress was > or =0.25 in 114 out of 143 segments and the L/ @entity1950 ratio at peak stress was >0 in 82 out of 114 segments. Regarding functional recovery, 42 of the 73 segments with WMA at rest showed improvement after reperfusion. The @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ) showed 86% sensitivity and 71% specificity for predicting regional recovery, while PSI and L/ @entity1950 ratio showed 61% vs. 84% sensitivity and 60% vs. 79% specificity, respectively. The AUC for the ROC curve of the L/ @entity1950 ratio as a predictor of regional recovery was significantly larger compared with that of @entity11535 (0.894 vs. 0.783, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The peak stress L/ @entity1950 ratio could be a specific and quantitative marker for identifying @entity296 that has the potential for regional functional recovery.

title: Longitudinal Doppler strain measurement for assessment of damaged and/or hibernating @entity1562 by XXXX stress echocardiography in @entity1 with old @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion score', 'WMS']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a common disease without robust means of early risk prediction in the population. We studied 282 females with @entity0 , focusing on copy number aberrations in @entity5 -free breast tissue (uninvolved margin, UM) outside the @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In total, 1162 UMs (1-14 per breast) were studied. Comparative analysis between UM(s), @entity5 (s), and blood/skin from the same @entity1 as a control is the core of the study design. We identified 108 @entity1 with at least one aberrant UM, representing 38.3% of cases. Gains in gene copy number were the principal type of mutations in microscopically normal breast cells, suggesting that oncogenic activation of genes via increased gene copy number is a predominant mechanism for initiation of @entity0 pathogenesis. The gain of @entity1722 , with overexpression of @entity1722 protein, was the most common aberration in normal cells. Five additional growth factor receptor genes ( @entity470 , @entity7167 , @entity2856 , @entity7168 , and @entity7169 ) also showed recurrent gains, and these were occasionally present in combination with the gain of @entity1722 . All the aberrations found in the normal breast cells were previously described in @entity5 literature, suggesting their causative, driving role in pathogenesis of @entity0 . We demonstrate that analysis of normal cells from @entity5 @entity1 leads to identification of signatures that may increase risk of @entity0 and our results could influence the choice of surgical intervention to remove all predisposing cells. Early detection of copy number gains suggesting a predisposition toward @entity5 development, long before detectable @entity5 are formed, is a key to the anticipated shift into a preventive paradigm of personalized medicine for @entity0 .

title: Signatures of post-zygotic structural genetic aberrations in the cells of histologically normal breast tissue that can predispose to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Sporadic breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'SBC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'primary tumor', 'PT', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['sporadic breast cancer']


abstract: Orthotopic heart transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage @entity712 , and @entity9909 agents allow for better allograft survival. However, pretransplantation @entity998 status and posttransplantation immunosuppressants contribute toward deterioration of renal function. From 1987 to 2008, 350 @entity1 underwent orthotopic heart transplantation in our hospital. Most of them received anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) as the induction immunosuppressant. The introduction of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) reduced the maintenance level of @entity205 . The 26 @entity1 who developed @entity454 required dialysis. We reviewed the @entity1 characteristics, including pretransplantation status, immunosuppressant regimens and drug levels, time and type of dialysis, and mortality rate. The mean age of these 26 @entity1 was 53 years. Three @entity1 underwent peritoneal dialysis. The overall 1-year survival rate was 96%, and the 5-year survival rate was 80%. The duration from heart transplantation to chronic dialysis correlated with the presence of a pretransplantation diagnosis of @entity6 (P<.05) and an elevated pretransplantation blood @entity1011 level (P=.01), but there was no significant effect of the initial level of @entity205 . In addition, the pretransplantation blood @entity1011 level was also related to the necessity of immediate postoperative hemodialysis (P=.01). There was no significant risk factor in relation to mortality. Regardless of modification of immunosuppressant regimens and initial drug levels, pretransplantation kidney function played an important inverse role in the duration from transplantation to dialysis: the higher the pretransplantation blood @entity1011 , the shorter the duration. While awaiting a heart transplant, more effort should be spent on protecting renal function to avoid early chronic dialysis.

title: XXXX after orthotopic heart transplantation: a single-institute experience.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage renal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: In a previous study, we demonstrated the first evidence that the asphericity ( @entity2574 ) of pretherapeutic FDG uptake in the @entity5 provides independent prognostic information in @entity1 with @entity135 . The aim of this work was to confirm these results in an independent @entity1 group examined at a different site. METHODS: FDG-PET/CT was performed in 37 @entity1 . The @entity5 was delineated by an automatic algorithm based on adaptive thresholding. For the resulting ROIs, the metabolically active part of the @entity5 (MTV), SUVmax, SUVmean, @entity75 ( @entity75 ) and @entity2574 were computed. Univariate Cox regression with respect to progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was performed. For survival analysis, @entity1 were divided in groups of high and low risk according to the parameter cut-offs defined in our previous work. In a second step, the cut-offs were adjusted to the present data. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was performed for the pooled data consisting of the current and the previously described @entity1 group (N = 68). In multivariate Cox regression, clinically relevant parameters were included. RESULTS: Univariate Cox regression using the previously published cut-off values revealed @entity75 (hazard ratio (HR) = 3) and @entity2574 (HR = 3) as significant predictors for PFS. For OS MTV (HR = 2.7) and @entity2574 (HR = 5.9) were significant predictors. Using the adjusted cutoffs MTV (HR = 2.9/3.3), @entity75 (HR = 3.1/3.3) and @entity2574 (HR = 3.1/5.9) were prognostic for PFS/OS. In the pooled data, multivariate Cox regression revealed a significant prognostic value with respect to PFS/OS for MTV (HR = 2.3/2.1), SUVmax (HR = 2.1/2.5), @entity75 (HR = 3.5/3.6), and @entity2574 (HR = 3.4/4.4). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the independent prognostic value of @entity2574 of the pretherapeutic FDG uptake in the @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity135 . Moreover, these results demonstrate that @entity2574 can be determined unambiguously across different sites.

title: Increased evidence for the prognostic value of @entity5 asphericity in pretherapeutic FDG PET for risk stratification in XXXX with @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['TLG', 'total lesion glycolysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) abuse worsens pathophysiological derangements after @entity548 and resuscitation ( @entity8108 /R) that induce @entity99 and strong inflammatory changes via @entity14032 and NF-kB activation. Inhibiting @entity14032 with a cell-penetrating, protease-resistant peptide @entity21192 after @entity8108 /R in @entity19 with healthy livers ameliorated these effects. Here, we studied if @entity14032 inhibition by @entity21192 in chronically @entity167 -fed @entity19 after @entity548 prior to the onset of resuscitation also confers protection. METHODS: Male @entity19 were fed a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing @entity167 or an isocaloric control (ctrl) diet for 4 weeks. Animals were hemorrhaged for 90 min (32    2 mm Hg) and randomly received either @entity21192 (11 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, i. p.) or sterile saline as vehicle (veh) immediately before the onset of resuscitation. Sham animals underwent surgical procedures without @entity8108 /R and were either @entity21192 or veh treated. Two hours after resuscitation, blood samples and liver tissue were harvested. RESULTS: @entity8108 /R induced @entity99 with increased systemic @entity777 levels, and enhanced local gene expression of NF-kB-controlled genes such as @entity8024 and @entity1235 . @entity9829 and NF-kB phosphorylation were increased after @entity8108 /R. These effects were further increased in @entity167 -fed @entity19 after @entity8108 /R. @entity21192 application inhibited the proinflammatory changes and reduced significantly @entity99 after @entity8108 /R in ctrl-fed @entity19 . Moreover, @entity21192 reduces in ctrl-fed @entity19 the @entity8108 /R-induced @entity9829 and NF-kB phosphorylation. However, in chronically @entity167 -fed @entity19 , @entity14032 inhibition did not prevent the @entity8108 /R-induced @entity99 and proinflammatory changes nor @entity9829 and NF-kB phosphorylation after @entity8108 /R. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate, that @entity14032 inhibition is protective only in not pre-harmed liver after @entity8108 /R. In contrast, the pronounced @entity8108 /R-induced @entity409 in @entity19 being chronically fed with @entity1068 cannot be prevented by @entity14032 inhibition after @entity8108 /R and seems to be under the control of NF-kB.

title: Differential Relevance of NF-kB and @entity14032 in the Pathophysiology of @entity548 /Resususcitation-Induced @entity99 after Chronic XXXX Feeding.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1235 :: ('17395(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)9']

entities_list: @entity8024 :: ('15894(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'hepatic damage']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: The 1 month, 1 year, and 10 year actuarial survival rates after operation among 99 consecutive @entity1 with discordant @entity1145 who underwent intracardiac repair are 86%, 75%, and 68%, respectively. The hazard function of @entity204 declines rapidly after operation to reach a low level 6 months postoperatively, and it becomes indistinguishable from that of a matched general population by 4 years. Risk factors for @entity204 include @entity1147 right ventricle, complete @entity616 preoperatively or developing perioperatively, very young or older (greater than 25 years) age, a high hematocrit value, and earlier date of operation. The last indicates improvement in results in recent years. Eleven (11%) of 99 @entity1 had complete @entity616 preoperatively, and 23 (26% of 88) developed it perioperatively. @entity1 with discordant @entity2597 (i.e., corrected transposition) had a lesser probability of developing @entity616 after repair than did those with other ventriculoarterial connections. Seventeen (17%) @entity1 required tricuspid (pulmonary venous) valve replacement or repair at the original intracardiac operation, and eight additional @entity1 developed important @entity337 after repair. Among the risk factors for @entity337 was an @entity4924 of the tricuspid valve. Reoperations (three) for conduit obstruction have been no more common than in @entity1 with concordant @entity1145 . Fifty-seven (81%) of 70 surviving @entity1 are in New York Heart Association Class I and 12 (17%) in Class II. This, and the single-phase hazard function, indicate that the overall results of cardiac repair in @entity1 with @entity1145 could become excellent if the early risks were overcome.

title: XXXX and other events after cardiac repair in discordant @entity1145 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculoarterial connection']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular discordant connection', 'atrioventricular connection']

entities_list: @entity1147 :: ('MESH:D004310', 'Disease') :: ['double-outlet']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ['Ebstein-like anomaly']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'premature death']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['Death']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e14536 Background: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) incidence is increasing in the United States. We compared the outcome of @entity157 @entity1 (pts) over two consecutive decades for a VA population. METHODS: In an IRB-approved protocol, we reviewed the records of pts with diagnosis (dx) of @entity157 seen at a VA Medical Center from 1/1/1990 to 12/31/2009. Demographics, Vietnam era (V) status, stage, alpha-fetoprotein ( @entity160 ) level at dx, @entity1956 ( @entity97 ) and C ( @entity3531 ), heavy @entity285 use (E), tobacco use (T), BMI, @entity6 ( @entity3918 ), ferritin (F) level, and treatment modalities were reviewed. Cox survival regression analysis and tests of proportions were performed. RESULTS: All were @entity1 . There were 42 pts were from the first decade (d1) (1990 to 1999) and 72 pts from the 2nd decade (d1) (2000 to2009). The median (M) age at dx was 62.25 yo (35-87) for the whole population (W). Comparison of two decades is shown in the table. For the second decade, more variables were analyzed: M BMI of 70 pts was 25.3 (16.9-42.4). 34 pts (47.2%) were Caucasian, 33 pts (45.8%) African American, and 5 pts (7%) others. 25pts (34.7%) has @entity3918 , 57 (79%) E use, and 61 (84.7%) T use. Two pts (2.78%) received transplant, 4 (5.56%) resection, 16 (22%) local therapy (L), and 11 pts (15.3%) systemic therapy. In univariate survival analysis, age (p<0.004), stage (p<0.0001), @entity160 (p<0.0017), F (p<0.002), and V (p<0.0001) were significant predictors of survival. In multivariate survival analyses that included stage, @entity160 , F, and V for W, stage (p<0.019), @entity160 (p<0.0008), and F (p<0.035) were significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity157 increased at this medical center. Pts were diagnosed at an earlier stage and survival improved in 2nd decade. Stage, @entity160 , and ferritin levels were independent predictors of survival. [Table: see text].

title: Comparison of outcomes of @entity1 with XXXX ( @entity157 ) over 2 consecutive decades for a VA population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a fibrinogen/ @entity19318 -coated collagen patch (TachoSil) to terminate severe @entity548 in a coagulopathic @entity1707 model with blunt @entity99 . METHODS: Following surgical preparation, which included splenectomy and cystotomy, @entity1003 was induced by exchanging 80% of the animal's blood volume with hydroxyethylstarch 130/0.4 and lactated Ringer's solution. Subsequently, a grade III @entity99 was induced by a force of 238    19 @entity548 was allowed for 30 s. Animals were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo patch ( @entity2708 patch) (control group, n = 7) or a fibrinogen/ @entity19318 patch (FT patch group, n = 7), which was positioned 30 s after injury on the inflicted area. Coagulation parameters, hemodynamic variables, as well as treatment were monitored for 2 h post-injury and patch placement. Histology was obtained to evaluate the equality of @entity99 and to show the morphology of the FT patch. RESULTS: Hemostasis after hemodilution was severely impaired. @entity190 after @entity130 was significantly diminished in the FT patch group (419 mL    90 mL) compared with the control group (1775 mL    358 mL) (P < 0.001). All animals treated with the FT patch survived, whereas 100% of the control group died before reaching the end of the observation period (P < 0.001). Gross sectioning and histology showed an @entity130 with a tight adherence of the FT patch. CONCLUSION: TachoSil under severe @entity1003 effectively controlled @entity548 and successfully prevented @entity548 .

title: Effect of TachoSil in a coagulopathic XXXX model with blunt @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'Newton and free bleeding', 'hemorrhagic death']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'equal degree of injury']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Mandatory surgical exploration of penetrating @entity8 has been advocated for adequate assessment and repair of renal and retroperitoneal injuries. We evaluated 27 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2980 who were thought to be at risk for @entity8 . Twenty-two @entity1 were studied by CT, 11 by excretory urography, and three by angiography. No correlation was found between the presence and amount of @entity811 and the extent of @entity8 . Excretory urography was also of little use; the extent of @entity8 was underestimated, overestimated, or indeterminate in many cases. Computed tomography gave an accurate assessment of the extent of parenchymal damage, perirenal @entity548 , @entity17550 , and extrarenal injuries. Angiography was rarely required to better define renal @entity1317 . Only seven @entity1 required surgical repair; the 20 @entity1 managed nonoperatively included seven @entity1 with @entity8 considered minor by CT evaluation. We conclude that most @entity1 with penetrating @entity130 do not require surgical exploration. The combination of clinical and CT criteria allows confident management in almost all cases. Computed tomography should be the primary diagnostic study in @entity1 with penetrating @entity812 judged to be at risk for renal or other @entity130 .

title: Penetrating XXXX : CT evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lacerations', 'renal injuries', 'renal parenchymal injury', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity17550 :: ('MESH:D014555', 'Disease') :: ['extravasation of urine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['back or flank trauma']

entities_list: @entity2980 :: ('MESH:D014951', 'Disease') :: ['deep stab wounds of the flank and back']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal trauma']


abstract: Anomalies of chromosome number and structure are considered to be the most frequent cause of unexplained, @entity245 and @entity1032 ( @entity336 / @entity90 ). High-resolution, genome-wide, array-based segmental aneusomy profiling has emerged as a highly sensitive technique for detecting pathogenic genomic imbalances. A review of 29 array-based studies of @entity336 / @entity90 @entity1 showed that a yield of at least approximately 19% pathogenic aberrations is attainable in unselected, consecutive @entity336 / @entity90 referrals if array platforms with 30-70 kb median probe spacing are used as an initial genetic testing method. This corresponds to roughly twice the rate of classical cytogenetics. This raises the question whether chromosome banding studies, combined with targeted approaches, such as fluorescence in situ hybridisation for the detection of microdeletions, still hold substantial relevance for the clinical investigation of these @entity1 . To address this question, we reviewed the outcome of cytogenetic studies in all 36,325 @entity336 / @entity90 referrals in the Netherlands during the period 1996-2005, a period before the advent of array-based genome investigation. We estimate that in a minimum of 0.78% of all referrals a @entity2008 would have remained undetected by array-based investigation. These include familial rearrangements (0.48% of all referrals), de novo reciprocal translocations and inversions (0.23% of all referrals), de novo Robertsonian translocations (0.04% of all referrals), and 69,XXX triploidy (0.03% of all referrals). We conclude that karyotyping, following an initial array-based investigation, would give only a limited increase in the number of pathogenic abnormalities, i.e. 0.23% of all referrals with a de novo, apparently balanced, reciprocal translocation or inversion (assuming that all of these are pathogenic), and 0.03% of all referrals with 69,XXX triploidy. We propose that, because of its high diagnostic yield, high-resolution array-based genome investigation should be the first investigation performed in cases of @entity336 / @entity90 , detecting >99% of all pathogenic abnormalities. Performing both array investigation and karyotyping may not be a feasible option when laboratories are faced with a need to limit the number of genetic tests available for each @entity1 . However, laboratories that supplant karyotyping by array-based investigation should be aware that, as shown here, a @entity2008 , with possible pathogenic consequences for the @entity1 or the family, will escape detection in about 0.78% of all @entity336 / @entity90 referrals.

title: Array analysis and karyotyping: workflow consequences based on a retrospective study of 36,325 XXXX with @entity245 in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality', 'balanced chromosomal rearrangement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 have been associated with adverse outcomes after radical cystectomy for lower tract @entity189 . We evaluated the prognostic value of gender in an international cohort of @entity1 treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract @entity189 (UTUC). METHODS: We retrospectively studied 754 @entity1 treated with RNU for UTUC without neoadjuvant chemotherapy at nine centers located in Asia, Canada, and Europe. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to address recurrence-free ( @entity4434 ) and @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) estimates. Median follow-up was 40  months (interquartile range: 18-75). RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 was of @entity1 (516, 68.4%). @entity1 were older than @entity1 at the time of RNU (median: 69.2 vs. 66.5  years; P  =  0.0003). @entity1 were less likely to have high-grade disease, undergo lymph node dissection, and to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Gender was not associated with pathologic stage, lymph node @entity3 , @entity3 , concomitant CIS, @entity5 architecture, or @entity5 necrosis. On univariable Cox regression analyses, there was no association between gender and @entity5 recurrence (P  =  0.76) or @entity5 -specific mortality (P  =  0.30). On multivariable Cox regression analyses that adjusted for the effects of clinicopathologic features, gender was not associated with disease recurrence (P  =  0.47) or @entity5 -specific survival (P  =  0.15). CONCLUSIONS: We found no difference in histopathologic features and outcomes between @entity1 and @entity1 treated with RNU for UTUC. Nevertheless, epidemiologic and mechanistic molecular studies should be encouraged to design, analyze, and report gender-specific associations to aid in our understanding of gender impact on UTUC incidence, progression, and @entity3 .

title: Gender differences in radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: The formation and stability of interaction products between the anti- @entity5 drug @entity900 ( @entity7397 ) and DNA were studied in buccal epithelial and urinary cells from ten @entity5 @entity1 who received @entity7397 -based therapy. Buccal cells were collected 1 h before and 1-2 h after i.v. infusions with @entity7397 . The interaction products were visualized in an immunocytochemical peroxidase assay, using an antiserum against @entity7397 -modified @entity291 thymus DNA. The nuclear staining density was measured by microdensitometry. Nuclear staining densities in buccal cells after infusions of greater than or equal to 20 mg/m2 @entity7397 were always higher than pretreatment values. Repeated sampling from individual @entity1 treated for 2-5 consecutive days with daily doses of 20-70 mg/m2 @entity7397 indicated that @entity7397 -DNA binding in buccal cells increased in proportion to the cumulative total dose of @entity7397 . The variation in dose-density response between @entity1 was 17%. Apparent adduct loss in buccal cells from four @entity1 , as measured 8-17 days after the last infusion, amounted to 67-86%. @entity902 -induced DNA modifications could also be detected in buccal cells from two @entity8082 -treated @entity1 . In vitro experiments with @entity1 buccal cells and lymphocytes indicated linear relationships between DNA modification and either @entity7397 concentration or incubation time. Nuclear staining densities in pretreatment buccal cells from ten @entity5 @entity1 treated in vitro with 33 microM @entity7397 for 1 h revealed that interpatient variation in in vitro DNA modification by @entity7397 was low. No quantitative correlation was found between in situ and in vitro DNA modification.

title: Monitoring of interaction products of @entity900 and @entity8082 with DNA in cells from XXXX -treated @entity5 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity8082 :: ('CHEBI:31355', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II)']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: Glutaminase production in Zygosacchromyces rouxii by solid-state fermentation (SSF) is detailed. Substrates screening showed best results with oatmeal (OM) and wheatbran (WB). Further, a 1:1 combination of OM: WB gave 0.614units/gds with artificial sea water (ASW) as moistening agent. Evaluation of additional @entity505 , @entity1568 , @entity1522 and minerals supplementation was done. A central composite design was employed to investigate effects of four variables, viz. moisture content, @entity413 , @entity4336 steep liquor and @entity1160 on production. A 4-fold increase in enzyme production was obtained. Studies were undertaken to analyze the time course model the microbial growth and nutrient utilization during SSF. Logistic equation (R2=0.8973), describing the growth model of @entity19224 was obtained, with maximum values of micronm and Xm at 0.326h-1 and 7.35% of @entity62 weight loss, respectively. A good-fit model to describe utilization of total @entity1735 (R2=0.9906) @entity1568 concentration (R2=0.9869) with time was obtained. The model was used successfully to predict enzyme production (R2=0.7950).

title: Production of glutaminase(E.C. 3.2.1.5) from XXXX in solid-state fermentation and modeling the growth of @entity19224 therein.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoacids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['dry matter']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19224 :: (4956,Species) :: ['Zygosaccharomyces rouxii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, all known @entity195 genes influence amyloid beta (Abeta). Imaging of Abeta deposition in the @entity1 brain using Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) offers the possibility of using cortical @entity7659 binding as a quantitative endophenotype for genetic studies of late-onset @entity195 (LOAD). METHODS: Heritability of Abeta deposition was determined using 82 elderly siblings from 35 families. Correlation with other Abeta related traits was determined using an unrelated sample of 112 individuals. For both samples, @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) epsilon4 was genotyped and positron emission tomography imaging was performed using the PIB ligand. Mean cortical binding potential (MCBP) was computed from several regions of interest. RESULTS: MCBP has a high heritability (.61, p = .043). Furthermore, 74% of the heritable component cannot be explained by @entity2204 epsilon4 genotype. The unrelated sample reveals that a third of the variance of MCBP cannot be predicted by other biological traits, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta 42 (Abeta42) levels. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that MCBP is a genetic trait and that other more easily measured Abeta related traits such as CSF Abeta42 do not fully explain the variance in MCBP. Thus, MCBP is a useful trait for large-scale genetic studies of LOAD.

title: Cortical binding of pittsburgh compound B, an endophenotype for genetic studies of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: We examined immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain, K light chain, and T cell receptor (TCR) gamma and beta gene configuration in the leukemic cells from a series of @entity1 aged less than 1 year with @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Each of these 11 cases demonstrated leukemic cell surface antigens that have been correlated with a B cell precursor phenotype. Of the 11, lymphoblasts of 4 retained the germline configuration of both Ig and TCR loci, whereas 7 had rearranged the Ig heavy chain gene. Two of these seven showed light chain gene rearrangement. TCB beta chain rearrangement had occurred in only one of the 11 @entity1 ' @entity5 . No TCR gamma chain rearrangements were identified. These results are in contrast to earlier studies of B cell precursor @entity981 in @entity1 in which Ig heavy chain gene rearrangements were evident in every case and approximately 40% showed Ig light chain rearrangement as well. In addition, 45% of cases of B cell precursor @entity981 of @entity1 had rearranged their gamma TCR genes, and 20% had rearranged beta. These data suggest that @entity981 in infancy represents an earlier stage of B cell development than is found in B cell precursor @entity981 of @entity1 . @entity981 in the @entity1 age group has been associated with the worst prognosis of all @entity1 with @entity981 . This study suggests that the disease in @entity1 differs not only clinically, but also at the molecular genetic level, from the disease in @entity1 .

title: Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene configuration in XXXX of infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Tonsillectomy is among the most commonly performed surgical procedures. The development of severe @entity281 after tonsillectomy is a very rare but potentially fatal complication that has not been described in the orthopedic, neurosurgical, or spine literature. PURPOSE: To present @entity697 and @entity733 formation as a complication of a routine tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Case report, literature review. METHODS: A case report was prepared on the clinical and radiographic data of a @entity1 presenting with @entity733 and @entity697 6 weeks after routine tonsillectomy. A review of relevant literature was additionally performed. RESULTS: The @entity1 presented 6 weeks after tonsillectomy with evidence of a @entity281 . Operative debridement with anterior and posterior surgical stabilization was performed. The @entity1 completed a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotics. At 24-month follow-up, the @entity1 showed no signs of @entity281 and demonstrated a stable fusion mass. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity733 and @entity697 has been discussed in a small number of otolaryngology case reports and has not been previously reported in the orthopedic, neurosurgical, or spine literature. Symptoms may be nonspecific, and so a high index of clinical suspicion is needed. Delay in treatment may lead to significant morbidity and even mortality. Successful treatment can be obtained through operative debridement and intravenous antibiotic therapy.

title: XXXX and @entity733 after routine tonsillectomy.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep cervical infection']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cervical osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['prevertebral abscess']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute cervical osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed the association between social support and the severity of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) symptoms in a sample of severely affected @entity1744 @entity1 recruited to an NIH-funded clinical trial. In addition, we examined if the effects of social support on @entity1744 @entity158 are mediated through the effects on stress. METHODS: Subjects were 105 Rome II diagnosed @entity1744 @entity1 (F = 85%) who completed seven questionnaires which were collected as part of a pretreatment baseline assessment. KEY RESULTS: Partial correlations were conducted to clarify the relationships between social support and clinically relevant variables with baseline levels of psychopathology, holding constant number of comorbid medical diseases, age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, and education. Analyses indicated that social support was inversely related to @entity1744 symptom severity. Social support was positively related with less severe @entity158 . A similar pattern of data was found for perceived stress but not quality of @entity73 . Regression analyses examined if the effects of social support on @entity158 are mediated by stress. The effects of social support on bodily @entity158 were mediated by stress such that the greater the social support the less stress and the @entity158 . This effect did not hold for symptom severity, quality of life, or @entity458 . CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: This study links the perceived adequacy of social support to the global severity of symptoms of @entity1744 and its cardinal symptom ( @entity158 ). It also suggests that the mechanism by which social support alleviates @entity158 is through a reduction in stress levels.

title: The ties that bind: perceived social support, stress, and @entity1744 in severely affected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['life impairment']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the role of laparoscopy in the management of @entity249 in a prospective randomised controlled trial. The study comprised of 255 @entity1 as a study group and 257 @entity1 as a control group. All @entity1 had @entity249 . @entity1 in the study group had laparoscopy followed by ovarian stimulation and timed intercourse for six cycles, while @entity1 in the control group were treated directly with ovarian stimulation and timed intercourse for six cycles. Severe adhesions were found in one in each of the two groups, respectively. They were referred directly to the IVF/ICSI programme. Moderate pelvic @entity46 was demonstrated in three cases in the two groups. Again, severe @entity46 was found in two cases in the study groups and they were referred to the IVF/ICSI programme. After 6 months of follow-up, clinical pregnancy occurred in 114/255 (44.7%) in the study group and 107/257 (41.7%) in the control group and the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The miscarriage rate was similar in the two groups. We concluded that laparoscopy could be postponed when proceeding in the management of @entity249 , until ovarian stimulation and timed intercourse had been found to be unsuccessful in achieving pregnancy.

title: Laparoscopy--or not--for management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['unexplained infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['unexplained infertility']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3631 Background: @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ) have a higher incidence and lower survival from @entity694 than Caucasian Americans (C). Disparities among @entity3004 and C have been attributed to multiple factors, including later stage at diagnosis, a higher proportion of poor histopathologic features, inadequate and unequal treatment, and socioeconomic factors. The multidisciplinary management setting provides similarity in management and treatment planning. The objective of this study was to assess pathologic features and survival of @entity14 in @entity3004 and C pts using a large institutional database and comparing national population-based data. METHODS: We compiled data from 4,654 @entity1 with @entity694 treated at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital from 1988-2010 and used Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results registry data from 1988-2004 to compare survival rates. Independent variables included age, racial background, site of primary @entity5 , differentiation, stage at presentation, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival rates for @entity694 and for each stage of the disease. We compared survival rates, using statistical modeling to account for disease characteristics between the two groups. RESULTS: At diagnosis, @entity3004 pts presented with more advanced stage of disease, were more likely to have proximal disease (p<0.0001), had worse overall 5-year survival, and worse survival stage-by-stage than C pts. The odds ratio for risk of nodal involvement was greater for @entity3004 than C pts with @entity5 . @entity3004 pts were more likely to have less differentiated @entity694 , but more well-differentiated @entity5 , younger age, and worse survival stage-by-stage than C pts. Although C pts were more likely to have @entity5 (p<0.0001), they were less likely to have stage IV disease at presentation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3004 pts with @entity14 are more likely to present at a younger age, with later stage, more @entity5 , have higher nodal involvement with lower @entity75 , and less well differentiated @entity5 than C. Additional studies on biological features and molecular markers are ongoing and will be presented.

title: @entity14 in African American and Caucasian XXXX : A comparison of an urban, university hospital with the National Cancer Institute SEER database.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'lower T-tumors', 'proximal tumors', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T-lesions']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'African Americans']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancer', 'colon tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Many @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) develop progressive @entity1282 secretions, leading to drooling. Although external beam radiation is considered to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment, the optimum schedule in terms of dose, target, radiation type, and number of fractions is unknown. The aim of this observational study was to define the most effective schedule for salivary gland irradiation and to compare electron and photon radiotherapy. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity746 (12 females @entity3930 ) with drooling, enrolled for external radiation of salivary glands between 2002 and 2007, were included. @entity1 received different treatment protocols according to the decision of their radiotherapist. Efficacy and safety were assessed at 1 and 6 months after treatment by a neurologist and a radiotherapist using a 4-point Likert @entity1 improvement scale, as follows: 0 (no change), 1 (slight improvement), 2 (good improvement), and 3 (very good improvement). RESULTS: Radiotherapy for drooling was shown to be safe and effective in @entity746 @entity1 with duration of effect expected up to 6 months. Eighty percent of @entity1 felt improved at 1 month and 43% at 6 months after external radiation. @entity1 with sustained improvement at 6 months were treated with electron therapy (>8 MeV; p   =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Electron-based radiotherapy, delivered as five 4Gy fractions to a total dose of 20 Gy, encompassing the whole of the submandibular gland and sparing the upper part of the parotid gland, can be proposed as a safe and effective schedule for the treatment of @entity4164 in @entity1 with @entity746 .

title: Comparison of radiotherapy types in the treatment of XXXX in @entity746 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['sialorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty swallowing']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity4164 :: (MESH:D012798,Disease) :: ['sialorrhea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neurological manifestations of @entity30 are rare, dominated by multiple mononeuropathies, @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) of axonal and demyelinating types, @entity121 and the @entity62 . In our study, we aimed to report electrophysiological follow-up of a @entity1 with chronic @entity8954 associated with newly diagnosed active @entity30 . CASE: A 32-year-old male @entity1 was admitted with the complaints of @entity490 and @entity294 for three years and an ascending weakness of all four extremities since two years. On his medical history he did not have any other disease and none of the members of his family had similar complaints. The neurological examination revealed a weakness of the especially distal muscles (2-3/5) with @entity4894 , @entity2421 and distal atrophia in all extremities. He also had a glove and stocking hypoestesia. Routine biochemical and hematological examination were in normal ranges except @entity1851 . The analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid showed an albumino-cytological dissociation. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that peripheral neurological findings could be regarded as a possible extraintestinal manifestation of @entity30 . It is important to remember that @entity29 may be a reason for a newly diagnosed @entity305 (acute or chronic @entity17 ) and therefore detailed examinations are needed if the @entity1 do not have the commonly observed reasons for the development of @entity305 and be careful in @entity32 @entity1 to develop @entity305 .

title: XXXX and @entity32 demyelinating @entity305 ; a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinated polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathies']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['areflexia']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuritis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the white matter']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn disease']


abstract: 1. The effects of muscarinic agonists applied both by perfusion and ionophoresis to myenteric neurones of the @entity840 ileum were investigated by intracellular recording methods. 2. Perfusion with muscarinic agonists ( @entity934 , @entity5592 , @entity2710 , @entity10257 ) in concentrations of 100 nM to 10 microM caused membrane depolarizations. Brief ionophoretic applications of @entity5592 , or @entity934 in the presence of @entity4033 , evoked depolarizations with a latency of 100 ms to 1 s and a duration of 5-60 s. 3. The depolarizations were completely antagonized by low concentrations (1-10 nM) of the muscarinic antagonists @entity5591 or @entity3897 . 4. The latency and time course of the muscarinic depolarizations were about one thousand times longer than those of nicotinic responses evoked in the same cell by @entity934 applied from the same ionophoresis electrode. 5. The muscarinic depolarization was associated with a conductance decrease and reversed polarity at a membrane potential close to the @entity972 equilibrium potential. 6. The muscarinic depolarization became smaller but did not disappear completely during prolonged (up to 60 min) perfusion or repeated (more than 0.02 Hz) ionophoretic applications of muscarinic agonists. 7. Lower concentrations (3-30 nM) of @entity5592 , which did not change membrane potential, reduced the amplitude and duration of the @entity460 -dependent increase in @entity972 conductance which follows a burst of action potentials. 8. It is concluded that the muscarinic depolarization of myenteric neurones is due to @entity972 inactivation.

title: Muscarinic agonists inactivate @entity972 conductance of XXXX myenteric neurones.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['hyoscine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity10257 :: ('MESH:D018723', 'Chemical') :: ['bethanechol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and severity of physical and @entity458 in young @entity1 due to @entity2670 caused by @entity348 for @entity1778 and the @entity1 's response to hormone treatment. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire and interview. SETTING: Leukaemia unit of oncology hospital. @entity1 : Consecutive series of 46 English speaking @entity1 who had developed @entity2670 after @entity348 and bone marrow transplantation as treatment for @entity1778 . RESULTS: Of the 36 responders, 33 reported some symptoms, vaginal dryness being the most common (29). This profoundly affected sexual function. Although 22 @entity1 had had sexual intercourse within six months after treatment, 16 were less interested in and 18 experienced difficulties with sexual intercourse. Anxieties about sterility, femininity, and appearance were common and reduced self confidence. Almost half reported that they had changed their social habits and restricted their social activities. Treatment seemed effective in abolishing symptoms in 24 @entity1 , but vaginal dryness remained a problem in three. Two @entity1 failed to respond and intercourse remained impossible. CONCLUSIONS: Such @entity1 are vulnerable and access to gynaecologists and endocrinologists soon after treatment would be valuable. The optimal treatment regimen and the long term benefits of treatment have yet to be established.

title: Consequences and treatment of XXXX after @entity348 for @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychosexual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['ovarian failure']


abstract: To assess the impact level on physical fitness and working capacity in @entity1 with @entity9569 , a field study was carried out. According to the records of @entity1 with @entity1442 in Susong County, Anhui Province, 48 advanced cases without other serious @entity102 from endemic areas in two townships and 56 healthy individuals from non-endemic area, served as control group with matched ages between 40 and 70 years and matched sex were investigated with questionnaire, anthropometric measure and hemoglobin level. The impairment level of the liver was measured by ultrasonography and physical fitness was measured by the Step test in the case and control groups. All situations including lifestyle, working, socio-economic status and residing environment was similar in the case and control groups. Average height and weight was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (height = 156.29 and 159.41 cm; weight = 50.72 and 53.92 kg; respectively, all P < 0.05). Thirteen individuals (28.3%) in the case group had moderate reduction of working capacity or even unable to work, but only seven (12.7%) individuals in the control group had moderate reduction of working capacity and all in the control group were able to work (P < 0.01). In the past 1 year, the average working days lost was 4.11 days in the case group and 0.86 day in the control group (P < 0.01). Both groups differed significantly in symptoms of @entity490 , @entity294 and @entity425 (all P < 0.05). Twenty-one cases (43.8%) had grade II @entity409 and eight cases (16.7%) had grade III @entity409 in the case group, whereas seven individuals (12.7%) had grade II @entity409 in the control group (P < 0.01), as assessed by ultrasound. The hemoglobin levels and the power of gripping in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group (Hb = 111.06 and 122.27 g/l; grip = 303.83 and 344.20 N, respectively, all P < 0.01). Physical fitness scores showed the control group (score: 71.84) was significantly fitter than the case group (score: 61.09, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the physical fitness of the case group reduced by 15%. The results showed that physical fitness and working capacity were reduced in advanced cases. Although most of the cases were treated and had reached a status of 'clinical cure', the impact on physical fitness and working capacity still existed.

title: Studies of impact on physical fitness and working capacity of @entity1 with XXXX in Susong County, Anhui Province.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9569 :: ('MESH:D012554', 'Disease') :: ['advanced Schistosomiasis japonica']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the liver']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity9569 :: (MESH:D012554,Disease) :: ['advanced Schistosomiasis japonica']


abstract: To assess the effects of acute @entity1284 on cardiac size, function, and the pulmonary circulation, we studied six anesthetized @entity235 using intravenous digital angiography. Aortocaval (AC) @entity292 were placed in four @entity235 , and @entity292 in both a carotid and iliac artery were placed in two @entity235 . Data were obtained at four points: (1) control stage; (2) partial shunt (PS, where either AC partially open or iliac @entity292 was open and carotid @entity292 was closed); (3) full shunt (FS, AC shunt open or both iliac and carotid shunts open); and (4) control stage 2. @entity551 occurred. With FS, both mean pulmonary artery and wedge pressures increased (p less than 0.05); however, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances declined. Cardiac output rose (1.54 +/- 0.42 L/min at control) to 2.44 +/- 0.84 L/min at PC (P less than 0.05 vs control) and to 3.13 +/- 0.89 L/min at full shunt (p less than 0.01 vs control). Both left (0.40 +/- 0.09 to 0.55 +/- 0.10 to 0.66 +/- 0.10, p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 vs control, respectively) and right (0.34 +/- 0.10 to 0.40 +/- 0.10 to 0.51 +/- 0.09, the latter p less than 0.01 vs control) ventricular ejection fractions rose, as did left (30.7 +/- 13 ml to 35.1 +/- 13 ml to 37.8 +/- 13 ml, the latter p less than 0.05 vs control) and right (37.4 +/- 6.1 ml to 44.2 +/- 16.6 ml to 51.4 +/- 17 ml, the latter p less than 0.01 vs control) ventricular end-diastolic volumes. Atrial volume (determined at ventricular end-systole) also increased (9.4 +/- 3.6 ml to 11 +/- 3.5 ml to 12.9 +/- 4.3 ml, the latter p less than 0.05 vs control). These increases in cardiac function and size occurred in association with a shortening of pulmonary transit time (5.4 +/- 0.8 to 3.5 +/- 0.7 seconds to 2.9 +/- 0.5 seconds, the latter two p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 vs control, respectively), with no significant change in pulmonary blood volume. We conclude that acute @entity1284 produces cardiac chamber dilatation, along with increases in systolic function. Both pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance declined, and the transit time in the pulmonary circulation shortened. Digital intravenous ventriculography is a useful technique for the analysis of the central circulation during acute hemodynamic manipulations.

title: Effects of acute XXXX on cardiac chamber size, function, and the pulmonary circulation: analysis by digital intravenous angiography.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Little change in heart rate (HR) or arterial pressure']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload', 'incremental volume overload']

answer: @entity1284 :: (MESH:D019190,Disease) :: ['incremental volume overload']