abstract: Objective: To describe our surgical experience and clinical outcome in laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with level 1 renal vein @entity5 thrombus. @entity1 and Methods: 11 @entity1 with @entity703 thrombus were treated by LRN plus thrombectomy. The mean age was 66.8 years (SD   11.313); the mean body mass index was 24.76 (SD   5.091). In all cases, the surgical technique was defined by @entity5 characteristics and the surgeon's preferences. Results: Surgery was technically successful in all 11 @entity1 . A hand-assisted approach was performed in 3 @entity1 , while pure laparoscopy was used in 8. The mean surgical time was 108.3 min (SD   28.284); the mean estimated @entity190 was 108.33 ml (SD   106.066); the average hospital stay was 2.8 days (SD   0.707). There was 1 intraoperative complication ( @entity4551 ) that was managed laparoscopically. Pathologic examination confirmed @entity1358 in all cases. There were no positive surgical margins. With a mean follow-up of 29 months (27-39), 2 @entity1 had a recurrence. Conclusion: This report provides further evidence of the technical feasibility, safety and oncologic adequacy of the laparoscopic approach in @entity1358 with level 1 renal vein involvement. A longer follow-up and multi-institutional studies are needed to adequately evaluate its potential oncologic benefit.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Laparoscopic Management of XXXX with Macroscopic Level 1 Renal Vein Involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity4551 :: ('MESH:D022125', 'Disease') :: ['splenic laceration']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['RCC level 1 renal vein tumor']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal Tumors']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity10224 ( @entity10224 ) levels are increased in @entity1 with @entity46 , especially in those with @entity46 (OMAs), deep infiltrating lesions (DIE), and @entity46 ( @entity46 ) compared with controls without @entity46 in a large cohort of operated @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Tertiary-care university hospital. @entity1 : Four hundred six @entity1 with histologically proven @entity46 and 279 @entity1 without @entity46 . INTERVENTIONS: Surgical examination of the abdomino-pelvic cavity. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Preoperative serum @entity10224 antigen levels were evaluated by electrochemoluminescence immunoassay in @entity1 with @entity46 and controls. Correlations between serum @entity10224 levels and clinical and anatomical characteristics of disease severity were examined. @entity1 with @entity46 displayed higher mean serum @entity10224 levels compared with disease-free controls (50.1      62.4 U/mL vs 22.5      25.2 U/mL; p   <=  .001). @entity10224 levels were significantly increased in @entity1 with OMA (60.8      63.5 U/mL) and DIE (55.2      68.7 U/mL) compared with @entity1 with @entity46 (23.2      24.5 U/mL) and controls (22.5      25.2 U/mL). There was no difference in @entity10224 levels between @entity1 with @entity46 and controls and between @entity1 with OMA and DIE. @entity10224 serum levels were correlated with DIE severity: the mean number of @entity75 and worst DIE lesion. CONCLUSION: Serum @entity10224 levels were significantly increased in @entity1 with severe forms of @entity46 , OMA, and @entity75 . In addition, elevated serum @entity10224 levels were associated with more severe and extended @entity75 . In @entity1 with superficial peritoneal lesions, @entity10224 levels were not different from @entity1 without @entity46 .

title: Increased Serum XXXX Is a Marker for Severity of @entity46 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['superficial endometriosis', 'endometriomas', 'endometriosis', 'SUP']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['DIE lesions']

answer: @entity10224 :: (94025,Gene) :: ['Cancer Antigen-125']


abstract: Differentiation of sebocytes is strongly associated with enhanced lipid synthesis and accumulation in the cells. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, which play a critical role in @entity165 homeostasis and lipid metabolism. We examined whether @entity13466 regulated lipid synthesis in the immortalized @entity1 sebaceous gland cell line SZ95. When the SZ95 sebocytes were treated with the ligand of LXR such as @entity18340 or @entity29113 , lipid droplets were accumulated in the majority of cells when examined by @entity21170 staining. The expression of the known LXR targets, such as @entity844 synthase and @entity5068 regulatory-binding protein-1, was induced by @entity18340 . @entity18340 treatment increased expression of @entity13466 but not that of @entity13467 . Transfection of antisense @entity13466 significantly decreased @entity18340 -induced target gene expression and lipid droplet accumulation, suggesting a major role of @entity13466 in differentiation of sebocytes. Further, @entity18340 decreased the expression of @entity3840 and inducible @entity842 synthase that was induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment. Together, these results indicate that important roles of @entity13466 in differentiation and inflammatory signaling in sebaceous glands. Thus, we suggest that LXR ligands could provide a new class of therapeutic agents for sebaceous gland-associated disorders such as @entity19857 and acne.

title: XXXX enhances lipid synthesis in SZ95 sebocytes.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity29113 :: ('MESH:C003585', 'Chemical') :: ['22(R)-hydroxycholesterol']

answer: @entity13466 :: (10062,Gene) :: ['LXRalpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2067 antagonists for secondary prevention in @entity1 with @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) require monitoring and dose adjustments. The synthetic @entity6236 inhibitor, SanOrg34006, has predictable pharmacokinetics and may be administered once weekly without dose adjustments. METHODS: After 5-7 days of enoxaparin treatment, @entity1 with proximal @entity1150 were randomized to receive 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10 mg of SanOrg34006 subcutaneously once weekly or @entity1229 (INR, 2.0-3.0) for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of change in thrombotic burden, as assessed by ultrasonography and perfusion lung scanning at baseline and week 12 +/- 1, and clinical @entity1031 events. This outcome was classified as normalization, no relevant change, or deterioration. Other outcomes were major and other clinically relevant @entity548 . RESULTS: A total of 659 @entity1 were randomized and treated. In 614 (93%) @entity1 the primary efficacy outcome was evaluable. The rates of normalization and deterioration were similar in all SanOrg34006 groups (P = 0.4) and did not differ from the @entity1229 group. There was a clear dose-response for major @entity548 among @entity1 treated with SanOrg34006 (P = 0.003). @entity1 receiving 2.5 mg SanOrg34006 had less @entity548 than did @entity1229 recipients (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: SanOrg34006 dosed at 2.5 mg appears as effective as higher dosages and @entity1229 for secondary prevention in @entity1150 and was not associated with major @entity548 . Therefore, 2.5 mg of SanOrg34006 administered subcutaneously once weekly might be a suitable alternative to dose-adjusted oral @entity2067 antagonist.

title: A novel long-acting synthetic @entity6236 inhibitor (SanOrg34006) to replace @entity1229 for secondary prevention in XXXX . A Phase II evaluation.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin K', 'vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity14 flat and diminutive @entity652 occur, particularly in the right colon. Such lesions may assume a high risk of malignant transformation. @entity5 are known to occur in this group. Chromoscopic colonoscopy enhances detection in @entity1 assuming a moderate to high lifetime risk of @entity14 . AIM: To prospectively assess the efficacy of high-magnification-chromoscopic colonoscopy for the detection of @entity1313 in @entity1 undergoing @entity14 screening. METHODS: Twenty-five asymptomatic @entity1 fulfilling modified Amsterdam criteria underwent "back-to-back" colonoscopy. Conventional colonoscopy with targeted chromoscopy was performed initially followed by pan-colonic chromoscopic colonoscopy. Diagnostic extubation times and volumes of normal saline and @entity654 (IC) were controlled. RESULTS: Using conventional colonoscopy and targeted chromoscopy 24 lesions were detected in 13 @entity1 (20 exophytic/4 flat). Pan-colonic chromoscopy identified a further 52 lesions in 16 @entity1 (17 exophytic/35 flat). Pan-chromoscopy identified significantly more @entity652 than conventional colonoscopy (p= 0.001) and a significantly high number of flat @entity652 (p= 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Pan-colonic chromoscopic colonoscopy improves detection of significant @entity1313 in @entity14 screening. Pan-chromoscopy may help better stratify @entity14 "risk" in this cohort and aid planning of surveillance colonoscopic follow-up.

title: The role of high-magnification-chromoscopic colonoscopy in XXXX screening: a prospective "back-to-back" endoscopic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Interval cancers']

entities_list: @entity654 :: ('MESH:D007203', 'Chemical') :: ['indigo carmine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']


abstract: The upregulation of Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling occurs in virtually all types of @entity8 and is associated with podocyte injury. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the development of @entity8 remain to be elucidated. MicroRNAs  (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs and they have been shown to be regulators of gene expression, mainly by binding to the untranslated region  (UTR) of mRNAs. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the 2  members of the miR-135 family (miR  -135a and @entity28341 ) in podocyte injury and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the damage to podocytes. The results revealed that miR-135a and @entity28341 were upregulated in models of podocyte injury and in glomeruli isolated from @entity1 with @entity628  ( @entity628 ). The ectopic expression of miR-135a and @entity28341 led to severe podocyte @entity66 of the podocyte cytoskeleton. Our findings demonstrated that miR-135a and @entity28341 activated Wnt/b  -catenin signaling and induced the nuclear translocation of @entity3546 . Using luciferase reporter assays, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction  (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis, @entity9459  ( @entity9459 ) was identified as a target gene of miR-135a and @entity28341 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that members of the miR-135 family (specifically miR-135a and @entity28341 ) regulate the expression of @entity9459 , thus playing a role in the development of podocyte @entity66 of the podocyte cytoskeleton. This is an important finding as it may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for podocyte injury-associated @entity8 .

title: miR-135 family members mediate podocyte injury through the activation of Wnt/ XXXX signaling.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathies', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury and the disorder']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity9459 :: ('2932', 'Gene') :: ['glycogen synthase kinase  3b', 'GSK3b']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['b-catenin']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Of the four exocytotic syntaxins (Syns), much is now known about the role of @entity10952 (pre-docked secretory granules [SGs]) and @entity41363 (newcomer SGs) in insulin exocytosis. Some work was reported on @entity49561 's role in biphasic @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but its precise role in insulin SG exocytosis remains unclear. In this paper we examine this role in @entity1 beta cells. METHODS: Endogenous function of @entity49561 in @entity1 islets was assessed by knocking down its expression with lentiviral single hairpin RNA (lenti-shRNA)- @entity7351 . Biphasic GSIS was determined by islet perifusion assay. Single-cell analysis of exocytosis of @entity7351 ( @entity7351 )-positive beta cells (exhibiting near-total depletion of @entity49561 ) was by patch clamp capacitance measurements (Cm) and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), the latter to further assess single SG behaviour. Co-immunoprecipitations were conducted on @entity4009 cells to assess exocytotic complexes. RESULTS: @entity49561 knockdown (KD) of 77% in @entity1 islets caused a concomitant reduction in cognate @entity62677 expression (46%) without affecting expression of other exocytotic proteins; this resulted in reduction of GSIS in the first phase (by 42%) and the second phase (by 40%). Cm of @entity7351 -tagged @entity49561 -KD beta cells showed severe inhibition in the readily releasable pool (by 71%) and mobilisation from reserve pools (by 63%). TIRFM showed that @entity49561 -KD-induced inhibition of first-phase GSIS was attributed to reduction in exocytosis of both pre-docked and newcomer SGs (which undergo minimal residence or docking time at the plasma membrane before fusion). Second-phase inhibition was attributed to reduction in newcomer SGs. @entity62676 co-immunoprecipitated @entity62677 , @entity10048 and @entity15507 , suggesting that these exocytotic complexes may be involved in exocytosis of pre-docked and newcomer SGs. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: @entity49561 is involved in distinct molecular machineries that influence exocytosis of both pre-docked and newcomer SGs in a manner functionally redundant to @entity10952 and @entity41363 , respectively; this underlies @entity49561 's role in mediating portions of first-phase and second-phase GSIS.

title: @entity62676 mediates exocytosis of pre-docked and newcomer insulin granules underlying biphasic XXXX -stimulated insulin secretion in @entity1 pancreatic beta cells.

entities_list: @entity7351 :: ('5987', 'Gene') :: ['red fluorescent protein', 'RFP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 suis strain TKY @entity281 has been strongly associated with the development of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 in a C57BL/6J @entity19 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1. C57BL/6J @entity19 were intragastrically administered @entity24046 strains once daily with 10(8) -10(9) colony-forming units (CFU), starting 2  days before @entity281 with H.  suis TKY (approximately 1  *  10(4) copies of 16S rRNA genes) or @entity1534 Sydney strain 1 (SS1; 3  *  10(8) CFU) and continuing for 14  days after @entity281 . 2. C57BL/6J @entity19 were given powdered feed mixed with lyophilized @entity24046 SBT2055 (LG2055) cells (5  *  10(8) CFU/g), starting 2  weeks before @entity281 with H.  suis TKY and continuing 12  months after @entity281 . RESULTS: 1. Among the 5 @entity24046 strains that we examined, only LG2055 exhibited significantly preventive efficacy against both H.  suis TKY and @entity1534 SS1 at day 15 after @entity281 . 2. Dietary supplementation with LG2055 protected @entity19 from the formation of round protrusive lesions in the gastric fundus 12  months after @entity281 with H.  suis TKY, whereas such lesions had developed in the gastric fundus of nonsupplemented @entity19 12  months after @entity281 . In addition, the formation of lymphoid follicles in gastric mucus layers was suppressed by dietary LG2055 at 3  months after @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: LG2055 administration is effective for suppressing the progression of @entity6595 by reducing H.  suis colonization.

title: XXXX Models for Assessing the Protective Efficacy of @entity24046 SBT2055 against @entity1534 suis Infection Associated with the Development of @entity6595 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity24046 :: ('1596', 'Species') :: ['L.  gasseri', 'Lactobacillus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intragastric infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H.  pylori', 'Helicobacter']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze cumulated data about renal involvement in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and to report on 6 @entity1 with @entity8 . METHODS: We found reports of 159 @entity1 (including our @entity1 ) with @entity195 and specific @entity8 ( @entity2783 69, @entity631 [ @entity631 ] 51, @entity8 35, and @entity1986 4) in our survey. RESULTS: The frequency of @entity8 among @entity195 @entity1 has been reported to vary between 0% to 55%. Male gender is a risk factor for all types of @entity8 . @entity1985 was present in 83% of @entity1 with @entity2783 , and @entity177 was common at the time of diagnosis. The mean interval between the initial manifestation of @entity195 and diagnosis of @entity2783 was shorter in @entity1 than in @entity1 (P =.02). AA-type amyloid fibrils were shown in all cases studied. Vascular involvement was common in the @entity1 with @entity2783 (60%). The renal findings in @entity631 show a wide spectrum, from asymptomatic @entity811 and/or @entity644 to rapidly progressive @entity631 . Several types of @entity8 ranging from minor glomerular changes to crescentic @entity631 are observed in @entity195 . The common types of @entity8 among the reported cases are crescentic @entity631 , proliferative @entity631 , and immunoglobulin A (IgA) @entity1310 . @entity439 may be located throughout the renal artery, from the orifice of the main artery to intrarenal microaneurysms. Another type of @entity8 ( @entity2783 or @entity631 ) and other major vascular involvement were present in all cases with @entity715 . @entity101 is common among @entity1 with @entity8 or @entity850 . Microscopic @entity455 was described in 4 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on data in the literature, we suggest that renal involvement in @entity195 is more frequent than has been recognized, although it is most often mild in nature. @entity2783 is one of the prognostic factors affecting survival. @entity1 with vascular involvement carry high risk for @entity2783 , and administration of @entity3812 to these @entity1 may be beneficial. More evidence is needed to accept @entity1986 as a manifestation of @entity195 . In spite of some difficulties, hemodialysis and renal transplantation are safe treatment options in @entity195 -related @entity5507 .

title: Renal XXXX : a cumulative analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['BD and renal problems', 'renal problems', 'glomerular lesions', 'renal vascular disease', 'renal artery aneurysm', 'renal disease', 'renal BD']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['renal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's disease']


abstract: We analyzed the antioxidant properties of Ilex paraguariensis infusion (Ip) popularly known as mate (m  't  ), by using two experimental models: the induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) by @entity273 ( @entity274 ) and lethality in @entity375 , as well as @entity2625 and lipoxygenase-induced @entity1 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Diploid @entity375 cells were exposed to different concentrations of @entity274 (5-10 mmol/L) in the absence or presence of Ip infusion (10(-1) v/v) or @entity1881 (10(-2) mol/L). Both mate infusion and @entity1881 significantly decreased the dose dependent DSB number, and the lethality induced by @entity274 . @entity6710 and lipoxygenase-induced @entity1 LDL oxidation are inhibited by Ip extracts in a potent, dose-dependent fashion. Dilutions of 5 x 10(-3) v/v provide 50% +/- 10% inhibition. Finally, Ip extracts are potent direct quenchers of the free radical @entity15792 . Dilutions of 2 x 10(-2) v/v produced quenching of more than 30%, which was comparable to that obtained with 0.5-1 mmol/L @entity1881 or the @entity3092 aglycone, respectively. For comparison, total @entity3978 content of Ip, green, and black tea (Camelia sinensis) were 6.5 +/- 0.8; 1.8 +/- 0.5; and 1.13 +/- 0.3 mmol of @entity3092 equivalents per liter, respectively. Their respective free radical quenching activities at dilutions of 1 x 10(-1) v/v were 75% +/- 5%; 35% +/- 5%; and 2% +/- 5%. Ip is thus a rich source of @entity6398 and has antioxidant properties comparable to those of green tea which merit further in vivo intervention and cross-sectional studies.

title: Antioxidant activity of a botanical extract preparation of Ilex paraguariensis: prevention of DNA double-strand breaks in @entity375 and XXXX low-density lipoprotein oxidation.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['Peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity15792 :: ('MESH:C004931', 'Chemical') :: ['1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Early @entity3 is the primary cause of death in @entity320 @entity1 . The adhesion receptor @entity10770 contributes to @entity5 cell functions that are potentially involved in @entity320 growth and @entity3 . We tested whether @entity10770 supports @entity3 of @entity1 @entity320 cells when injected into the bloodstream of immune deficient @entity19 . Comparing variants of the same @entity320 cell type that expressed either @entity1093 , alpha IIb @entity1093 or no @entity1093 integrin, we found that only alpha v @entity1093 strongly supported @entity3 . Inhibition of @entity5 cell alpha v @entity1093 function reduced @entity320 @entity3 significantly and prolonged animal survival. To understand mechanisms that allow @entity1093 , but not alpha IIb @entity1093 to support @entity320 @entity3 , we analyzed proteolytic and migratory activities of the @entity320 cell variants. @entity320 cells expressing @entity1093 , but not those expressing alpha IIb @entity1093 or no @entity1093 integrin, produced the active form of metalloproteinase MMP-2 and expressed elevated mRNA levels of @entity1551 and @entity1552 . This indicates an association between alpha v @entity1093 expression and protease processing. Furthermore, @entity1093 expression was required for efficient @entity320 cell migration toward the matrix proteins fibronectin and @entity4732 . The results suggest that expression of @entity10770 promotes the metastatic phenotype in @entity1 @entity320 by supporting specific adhesive, invasive and migratory properties of the @entity5 cells and that the related @entity9615 IIb @entity1093 cannot substitute for alpha v @entity1093 in this respect.

title: Involvement of @entity5 cell XXXX in hematogenous @entity3 of @entity1 @entity320 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity10770 :: (3685;3690,Gene) :: ['integrin alpha v beta 3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of @entity700 ( @entity700 ). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 103 @entity700 @entity1 in PUMC Hospital from 1994 to 2002. RESULTS: Of the 103 cases (43 @entity1 and 60 @entity1 ), most @entity1 were 40-60 years old. Eighty-five cases (82.5%) were benign masses, of which 36 (35.0%) were non-functional adrenal cortical @entity652 , and 12 (11.7%) were @entity1911 , 1 (1%) was @entity699 and 1 for aldosteronomas. Three cases did not show clinical feature and the diagnosis of @entity1911 were based on 131I-MIBG. Among 18 (17.5%) @entity5 , @entity4304 account for the majority (8 cases, 7.8%). @entity1 with malignant masses were significantly younger than @entity1 with @entity652 (P < 0.05), and the @entity652 were significantly smaller than @entity5 (P < 0.001). A cut-off at 4.0 cm of @entity5 mass size was set for differentiating benign and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: During the diagnosis of @entity700 , it's essential to evaluate hormonal activity and assess for the risk of @entity5 . If the mass size is 4 cm or larger, the risk of @entity5 increases. More attention should be paid to subclinical hyperfunctional state.

title: [A clinical analysis of 103 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal incidentaloma', 'AI']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal carcinomas']

answer: @entity700 :: (MESH:C538238,Disease) :: ['adrenal incidentaloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and method of the large-diameter balloon dilation in the treatment of @entity1318 . METHODS: The hydrophilic guide wire and Wilson-Cook's Savary-Gilliard dilators were inserted into the stomach through the oral cavity under fluoroscopy. The @entity661 (35 mm in diameter) was introduced to the stricture site at the @entity418 through the guide wire and was inflated by the pressure pump (maximum pressure 15 PSI) with the method of "graded intermittent inflation". The balloon was inflated again to the maximum diameter for 3-5 times with the maximum of 8 times. RESULTS: The insertion of the Savary-Gilliard dilators and the @entity661 were technically successful in all the 204 @entity1 . The @entity418 regions of the esophagus was ruptured and cured with conservative treatment in 2 @entity1 . The follow-up time was 1-38 months (mean 18.5 months). Recurrent @entity850 did not occur in any @entity1 . The remission rate of @entity1282 was 100%. The swallowing function was absolutely normal in 152 of the 204 @entity1 (74.5%). CONCLUSION: The Boston's @entity384 is simple and effective in the treatment of @entity1318 . It is considered to be an alternative to surgical procedures.

title: [Large-diameter balloon dilation in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ["Boston's balloon"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['esophageal achalasia']


abstract: A bioassay of @entity63603 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to F344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 @entity19 . Groups of 50 @entity35 and 50 @entity19 of each sex were administered @entity63603 at one of two doses, either 200 or 800 ppm for the @entity35 and either 50 or 100 ppm for the @entity19 , for 101 weeks. Matched controls consisted of 20 untreated @entity35 and 20 untreated @entity19 of each sex. All surviving animals were killed at the end of administration of the test chemical. Mean body weights of the dosed male and female @entity35 were generally lower than those of corresponding controls; mean body weights of the dosed @entity19 were only slightly lower in the males than in the corresponding controls and were unaffected or affected irregularly in the females. Survival was not affected significantly when the @entity35 or @entity19 were administered the test chemical and was 70% or greater in all dosed or control groups. Sufficient numbers of animals were at risk for late-appearing @entity5 . In the @entity35 , @entity157 or neoplastic nodules occurred at incidences that were dose related in both males and females (P</= 0.001), and in direct comparisons the incidences were slightly higher in the high-dose males, high-dose females, and low-dose females (P</= 0.004) than in corresponding controls (males: controls 1/19; low-dose 6/50; high-dose 20/50; females: controls 0/20; low-dose 12/49, high-dose 27/50). In addition, @entity133 or @entity652 occurred in the female @entity35 at incidences that were dose related (P=0.003), and in a direct comparison the incidence was significantly higher in the high-dose group (P=0.017) than in the corresponding control group (controls 0/20; low-dose 3/43; high-dose 11/50). In the female @entity19 , @entity157 occurred at incidences that were dose related (P</= 0.001), and in direct comparisons the incidences were significantly higher (P</= 0.001) in the low- and high-dose animals than in the corresponding controls (controls 0/20, low-dose 18/49, high-dose 40/50). Because historical records of this laboratory for control B6C3F1 male @entity19 show a relatively high incidence of @entity157 , an increased incidence of these @entity5 in @entity63603 dosed male @entity19 as compared with matched controls could not be clearly associated with administration of the test compound. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, @entity63603 was carcinogenic for male and female F344 @entity35 and female B6C3F1 @entity19 , inducing @entity157 or neoplastic nodules in the @entity35 of each sex, @entity133 in the female @entity35 , and @entity157 in female @entity19 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity63603 :: ('MESH:C034089', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,5-trimethylaniline']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity63603 :: (MESH:C034089,Chemical) :: ['2,4,5-trimethylaniline']


abstract: A phase II oriented study with @entity2664 was undertaken in 31 @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ); 30 @entity1 had evaluable disease. The drug was administered through a 30-min intravenous infusion at the dose of 14 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. A minimum of two cycles were required to define treatment response. Twenty @entity1 were previously treated with @entity632 whose total dose was not exceeding 300 mg/m2. Complete response (CR) was documented in 9 @entity1 , and partial response (PR), in 5 for a total response rate of 47% (14 of 30). Of 20 @entity1 previously treated with @entity632 , CR occurred in five and PR in two. The median time to progression was 3 months. @entity2664 was well tolerated, and no @entity1 refused treatment. Mild @entity1431 was evident in 10 @entity1 and @entity882 in 5 @entity1 . In all cases, electrocardiograms (EKGs) was obtained before each treatment cycle. Systolic time intervals and left ventricular ejection fraction were repeated after 3 cycles and at the end of therapy. Laboratory tests failed to document any major @entity299 . @entity2664 is an effective agent in refractory @entity1893 and should be taken into consideration in the design of salvage regimens.

title: @entity2664 : an active agent in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3524 Background: Optimal surgery and optimal adjuvant therapy for stage III RC have not been established yet. Although ME and preoperative radiotherapy are becoming standard practices for RC in the Western countries, ME for clinical stage I RC and ME with extended lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (ELPLND) for clinical stage II or III RCs have been standard practices in Japan. METHODS: NSAS-CC01 is a randomized trial comparing postoperative adjuvant oral UFT (400 mg/m2/day for 5 days every 7 days for 1 year) after complete ME, versus complete ME alone in terms of @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The @entity1 who underwent ME or ME plus ELPLND with microscopic negative margins for pathologic stage III RC (PS 0-2, age 20-75 years, no other adjuvant therapy) were eligible for this trial. Extent of resection was determined by preoperative and intraoperative assessments of @entity5 location and stage according to the guidelines of the Japanese Society for @entity694 . Extent of resection was documented, and pathologic examination was done according to the guidelines. RESULTS: During 1996 to 2001, 276 (140 UFT, 136 surgery alone) @entity1 were allocated from 28 institutions using a randomization center. Pretreatment characteristics were well balanced between the two groups; median age 58 years, male in 60%, the lower RC in 40%, pT3/T4 RC in 80%, ME with ELPLND in 38% of @entity1 . 75% UFT @entity1 completed more than 84% of scheduled doses. Grade 2 and Grade 3 events were observed in 65% and 17% of UFT @entity1 , respectively. Due to them, 18 @entity1 (13%) stopped UFT intake. Planned interim analysis in 2003 (median follow-up: 3 years) revealed significant prolongation of @entity4557 (P=0.001) and @entity1349 (P=0.005) in the UFT group. Three-year @entity4557 rate and @entity1349 rate were 78% and 91% in the UFT group, and 60% and 81% in surgery-alone group, respectively. Local recurrence rates were low in both groups (UFT 6%, surgery alone 10%). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant oral UFT improves survival after complete ME for pathologic stage III RC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Adjuvant oral uracil and tegafur (UFT) improves survival after complete mesorectal excision (ME) for pathologic TNM XXXX (RC): Results of the National Surgical Adjuvant Study (NSAS)-Colorectal Cancer (CC) 01 randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['relapse-free survival', 'RFS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer of the Colon and Rectum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity571 is the most common @entity179 in @entity1 . It usually begins in middle age and is progressive. @entity1118 in older @entity1 presents a significant obstacle in maintaining function and independence. Previous studies have shown that music can improve motivation, elevate mood, and increase feelings of control in older @entity1 . PURPOSE: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to examine the influence of music as a nursing intervention on @entity158 in elders. METHOD: Data were collected using the short form of the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire with 66 elders suffering from @entity1118 . Differences in perceptions of @entity158 were measured over 14 days in an experimental group who listened to music for 20 minutes daily and a control group who sat quietly for 20 minutes daily. All @entity1 completed the Short Form McGill @entity158 Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) on day 1, 7, and 14 of the study. RESULTS: Results of t-tests indicated that those who listened to music had less @entity158 on both the @entity158 Rating Index on day 1 (P = 0.001), day 7 (P = 0.001) and day 14 (P = 0.001) and on the Visual Analogue Scale on day 1 (P = 0.001), day 7 (P = 0.001) and day 14 (P = 0.001), when compared with those who sat quietly and did not listen to music. A repeated measure analysis of variance controlling for pretest measures demonstrated a significant decrease in @entity158 among experimental group @entity1 when compared with the control group on the @entity158 descriptor section of the SF-MPQ (P = 0.001) and the visual analogue portion of the SF-MPQ (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Listening to music was an effective nursing intervention for the reduction of @entity1118 in the community-dwelling elders in this study.

title: Effect of music on @entity1118 in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'osteoarthritis pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteoarthritis pain', 'Chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Congenital and infantile @entity231 produce @entity4457 and can thus cause lifelong @entity227 . Successful management is dependent on early diagnosis and referral for surgery when indicated. Accurate optical rehabilitation and postoperative supervision are essential.The timing of surgery and its relationship to the duration of deprivation is important. Unilateral congenital @entity231 surgery within 6 weeks of birth produces the best outcomes. The equivalent 'latent' period for bilateral @entity227 may be longer at around 10 weeks. @entity227 has a significant impact on the development of fixation stability. @entity1949 , even after early surgery, leads to @entity346 . This is mostly @entity346 ( @entity346 ). The latent period for fixation stability may be as short as 3 weeks. Preoperative @entity9529 ( @entity9529 ) can convert to more benign @entity346 after surgery. @entity11529 implantation is becoming increasingly accepted. A satisfactory long-term refractive result requires that allowance be made for childhood axial growth and myopic shift. In a series of 25 @entity1 (33 eyes) implanted before 12 months of age, the mean myopic shift at 12 months was 4.83 D. This increased to 5.3 D in @entity1 implanted before 10 weeks. The initial desired refractive outcome following IOL implantation is thus @entity3467 , with the degree dependent on the age of the @entity1 . @entity726 or @entity2790 is a common complication following paediatric @entity231 surgery. @entity4353 and surgery in early infancy are risk factors. Tonometry results may be influenced by the increased corneal thickness seen in aphakic and pseudophakic @entity1 . The long-term prognosis of eyes with @entity726 is not necessarily poor but intraocular pressure control may require three or more medications. Surgical intervention appears to be necessary in over a quarter of eyes. @entity3236 ( @entity3236 ) is common in @entity1 undergoing primary lens implantation. Primary capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy reduce the risk of @entity3236 . In the absence of anterior vitrectomy, primary posterior capsulotomy does not prevent @entity227 . Further developments will continue to be driven by clinical research. The prevention of capsule opacification and cellular proliferation may in future be achieved by the use of devices to specifically target epithelial cells at surgery.

title: Advances in the management of congenital and infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11529 :: ('MESH:D020936', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile IOL']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis opacification', 'visual deprivation', 'Visual deprivation', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Major form deprivation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['Microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetropia']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['aphakic glaucoma', 'Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9529 :: ('MESH:D020417', 'Disease') :: ['CN', 'congenital nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus', 'manifest latent nystagmus', 'MLN']

entities_list: @entity3236 :: ('MESH:D058442', 'Disease') :: ['Posterior capsule opacification', 'PCO']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation amblyopia']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: Some @entity1 with @entity3025 also experience @entity409 . Dextranomer/ @entity4023 copolymer (Deflux, Q-MED AB, Uppsala, Sweden) is an effective endoscopic treatment for @entity3025 . In an open label study we investigated the effect of @entity409 on the efficacy of endoscopic treatment with dextranomer/ @entity4023 copolymer in @entity1 with @entity3025 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 320 @entity1 3 to 11 years old with grade II to IV @entity3025 confirmed by voiding cystourethrography underwent endoscopic treatment with dextranomer/ @entity4023 copolymer. Of the @entity1 50 were re-treated with dextranomer/ @entity4023 copolymer because of persistent reflux (grade II or greater). The first implantation technique was recorded on videotape. Voiding cystourethrography and micturition details were recorded at the 3 to 6-month followup visit and compared with baseline measurements. RESULTS: At baseline 13 @entity1 had known @entity409 and 18 were misdiagnosed as not having @entity409 . Of the 50 @entity1 who required re-treatment, the initial implant was correctly positioned in 45 according to the videotape. Endoscopic observation at the time of re-treatment revealed no evidence of the implant in 15 @entity1 . The implant was displaced in 27 @entity1 and remained correctly positioned in 3. A total of 27 @entity1 had @entity409 , the majority of whom had urgency and frequency incontinence, had not received any anticholinergic therapy and had a displaced implant. CONCLUSIONS: Uncontrolled @entity409 contributed to endoscopic treatment failure with dextranomer/ @entity4023 copolymer in our series. Therefore, we suggest that @entity1 with @entity409 be treated at least 6 months before endoscopic therapy with anticholinergics and/or micturition rehabilitation.

title: Influence of @entity409 on the outcome of endoscopic treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present ocular findings in three family members with @entity9712 ( @entity9712 ) associated with a novel @entity62889 mutation. CASES: We examined 21- (Case 1), 17- (Case 2), and 10-year-old (Case 3) male @entity1 who showed wheel-like @entity5409 in the macula and a @entity575 -gray reflex in the peripheral retina. Case 2 was a cousin of Case 1. Case 3 was a brother of Case 2. METHODS: Scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) (dim and bright flash), oscillatory potentials, photopic ERG, and 30-Hz flicker responses were recorded in each @entity1 . The @entity62890 gene was analyzed in @entity1 blood samples by a direct sequencing method. RESULTS: A novel missense mutation ( @entity62889 ) was identified in the @entity62890 gene in each @entity1 . Variable b/a ratios upon scotopic bright flash stimulation were evident (Case 1: right 1.16, left 1.20; Case 2: right 0.98, left 1.01; Case 3: right 0.81, left 0.83). Only Case 3 showed the typical "negative" waveform. The amplitude of rod b-waves was significantly decreased in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Three cases with a novel @entity62889 mutation showed the phenotypic variation in ERG, especially in b/a ratio, which has been considered an important diagnostic parameter.

title: Electroretinographic findings in three family members with XXXX associated with a novel @entity62889 mutation of the @entity62890 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity9712 :: ('MESH:D041441', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked juvenile retinoschisis', 'XLRS']

entities_list: @entity62889 :: ('p|SUB|P|192|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro192Thr']

answer: @entity9712 :: (MESH:D041441,Disease) :: ['X-linked juvenile retinoschisis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been forecasted that the rabbiteye blueberry could inhibit @entity170 . However, the inhibition and prevention of @entity170 via rabbiteye blueberry are still elusive. This study was aim to evaluate the anti- @entity170 effects of rabbiteye blueberry in ovariectomized @entity35 . METHODS: Thirty @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups of ten @entity35 each as follows: sham-operated group (SG), ovariectomized model control group ( @entity64624 ), and ovariectomized rabbiteye blueberry treatment group (OBG). The blood mineral levels, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and @entity9249 ( @entity9249 ) level were determined. The expression analyses of type I collagen, integrin-b1, and @entity2305 ( @entity2305 ) were performed. Besides, the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and bone histomorphometry (BH) were measured. RESULTS: The ALP activity in SG and OBG was significantly lower than that in @entity64624 . For the @entity9249 level, the significant increase of @entity9249 level in OBG was indicated compared with the other groups. The mRNA expression levels of type I collagen, integrin-b1, and @entity2305 in @entity64624 were significantly lower than those in other groups. The @entity79 in @entity64624 were all significantly lower than those in SG and OBG. For BH, blueberry significantly improved the trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, mean trabecular bone number, and bone formation rate, and decreased the trabecular separation, the percent of bone resorption perimeter, and mean osteoclast number in OBG compared with @entity64624 . CONCLUSIONS: The rabbiteye blueberries had an effective inhibition in bone resorption, @entity604 , and reduction of bone strength of ovariectomized @entity35 and could improve the @entity79 , osteogenic activity, and trabecular bone structure.

title: Rabbiteye blueberry prevents XXXX in ovariectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Buruli @entity1066 (BU) disease is a chronic debilitating @entity272 caused by Mycobacteriumulcerans. It is associated with areas where the water is slow-flowing or stagnant. Policy makers take the necessary strategic and policy decisions especially where to target interventions based on available evidence including spatial distribution of the disease. Unfortunately, there is limited information on the spatial distribution of BU in Ghana. The aim of the study was to use Geographical Information System (GIS) technology to show the spatial distribution and hot spots of BU in Greater Accra and Eastern Regions in Ghana. The information could then be used by decision makers to make the necessary strategic and policy decisions, especially where to target intervention. METHODS: We conducted a community case search and spatial mapping in two districts in Eastern region (Akuapem South and Suhum- Kraboa-Coaltar) and two districts in Greater Accra region (Ga West and Ga South Municipalities) of Ghana to identify the spatial distribution of BU cases in the communities along the Densu River. These municipalities are already known to the Ministry of Health as having high case load of BU. Structured questionnaires on demographic characteristics, environmental factors and general practices were administered to the cases.Using the E-trex Garmin @entity262 ( @entity262 ), the location of the case @entity1 was marked along with any important attributes of the community. ArcGIS was used to generate maps showing BU distribution and hot spots. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-seven (257) probable BU @entity1 were enrolled in the study after the case search. These cases and their houses (or homes) were located with the @entity262 . The GIS maps generated showed a varying distribution of BU in the various communities. We observed clustering of BU @entity1 downstream of the Densu River which had hitherto not been observed. CONCLUSIONS: There is clustering of BU in areas where the river was most contaminated. The identified hot spots for BU should be targeted for interventions by policy makers to ensure effective control of BU in Ghana.

title: Application of geographical information system (GIS) technology in the control of Buruli XXXX in Ghana.

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['GPS', 'Geographical Positioning System']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis causes approximately 8.6 million disease episodes and 1.3 million deaths worldwide per year. Although curable with standardized treatment, outcomes for some forms of @entity378 are improved with adjunctive @entity228 therapy. Whether @entity228 therapy would be beneficial in treating @entity1 with @entity1907 is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether adjunctive @entity228 therapy reduces mortality, accelerates clinical recovery or accelerates microbiological recovery in @entity1 with @entity1907 . SEARCH METHODS: We identified studies indexed from 1966 up to May 2014 by searching: Cochrane @entity166 Group's trials register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS using comparative search terms. We handsearched reference lists of all identified studies and previous reviews and contacted relevant researchers, organizations and companies to identify grey literature. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized control trials of recognized antimicrobial combination regimens and @entity228 therapy of any dose or duration compared with either no @entity228 therapy or placebo in @entity1 with @entity1907 were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: At least two investigators independently assessed trial quality and collected data using pre-specified data extraction forms. Findings were reported as narrative or within tables. If appropriate, Mantel-Haenszel meta-analyses models were used to calculate risk ratios. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 18 trials, including 3816 @entity1 , that met inclusion criteria. When compared to taking placebo or no @entity134 , @entity228 use was not shown to to reduce all-cause mortality, or result in higher sputum conversion at 2 months or at 6 months (mortality: RR 0.77, 95%CI 0.51 to 1.15, 3815 @entity1 , 18 studies, low quality evidence; sputum conversion at 2 months RR 1.03, 95%CI 0.97 to 1.09, 2750 @entity1 , 12 studies; at 6 months; @entity4736 .01, 95%CI 1.01, 95%CI 0.98 to 1.04, 2150 @entity1 , 9 studies, both low quality evidence). However, @entity228 use was found to increase @entity1017 (data not pooled, eight trials, 1203 @entity1 , low quality evidence), decrease length of hospital stay (data not pooled, three trials, @entity1 379, very low quality of evidence) and increase clinical improvement within one month (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.24; five trials, 497 @entity1 , low quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: It is unlikely that adjunctive @entity228 treatment provides major benefits for @entity1 with @entity1907 . Short term clinical benefits found did not appear to be maintained in the long term. However, evidence available to date is of low quality. In order to evaluate whether adjunctive @entity288 reduce mortality, or accelerate clinical or microbiological recovery in @entity1 with @entity1907 further large randomized control trials sufficiently powered to detect changes in such outcomes are needed.

title: Adjunctive XXXX therapy for managing @entity1907 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: @entity9504 ( @entity9504 )-specific proteins were determined in nine well-characeterized @entity9504 -transformed hamster cell lines and in @entity9504 -induced hamster and @entity35 @entity5 lines by immunoprecipitation, gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. All cell lines expressed a 60K mol. wt. polypeptide. In several cell lines, the presence of a 58K mol. wt. protein could also be demonstrated by these techniques. Smaller @entity9504 -specific proteins could be detected only in the @entity9504 -transformed hamster cell lines HA12/7 and A2497-3, and in the @entity9504 -induced @entity5 line CLAC3. The quality of the immunoprecipitation tests performed depended primarily on the sera used; their antibody titres varied widely. For at least one of the @entity9504 -transformed hamster cell lines (HA12/7), there was good agreement in the number and mol. wt. of @entity9504 -specific proteins detected by both immunoprecipitation and in vitro translation of hybrid-selected cytoplasmic RNA. There was no clear-cut correlation between the number and the nature of @entity9504 -specific proteins and the way in which the cell lines or @entity5 were obtained. Cell lines with the least number of copies of @entity9504 DNA persisting appeared to express the largest number of @entity9504 -specific proteins.

title: Virus-specific proteins in adenovirus type 12-transformed and XXXX cells as detected by immunoprecipitation.

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['Ad12', 'Adenovirus type 12']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hamster tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: PURPOSE: We characterize the treatment and outcomes of perinephric @entity733 in a contemporary cohort of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the experience with perinephric @entity733 at a single community based hospital. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) was widely available during the study period and experience with radiographic guided percutaneous drainage was extensive. Therapy and intervention for individual @entity1 were dictated by the treating physician. RESULTS: Of the 25 @entity1 identified with perinephric @entity733 3 (12%) ultimately died. Although 40% had multiple risk factors for perinephric @entity733 only 35% were identified at presentation. Urine cultures were positive in 72% of @entity1 and CT had a diagnostic sensitivity of 92%. Ten @entity1 with a mean abscess size of 1.8 cm. were treated with antibiotics alone (mean hospitalization 10 days) while 11 with a mean abscess size of 11 cm. received antibiotics and initial percutaneous drainage (mean hospitalization 30 days). Of the 11 @entity1 treated with percutaneous drainage 4 ultimately required surgical exploration and nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical characteristics of perinephric @entity733 have not changed significantly but improved imaging with CT allows earlier diagnosis and treatment, which likely contributed to the reduced mortality in our cohort compared to historical series. With accurate staging and careful followup, a variety of treatments can be successful, including antibiotics alone or in conjunction with percutaneous drainage and urinary drainage. Open surgical drainage and nephrectomy may eventually be required in some @entity1 and should be considered if adequate drainage is not achieved.

title: Current treatment and outcomes of perinephric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['abscesses']


abstract: Most eukaryotic mRNAs are monocistronic and translated by cap-dependent initiation. LINE-1 RNA is exceptional because it is naturally dicistronic, encoding two proteins essential for retrotransposition, @entity34503 and @entity65851 . Here, we show that sequences upstream of @entity34503 and @entity65851 in @entity19 L1 function as internal ribosome entry sites (IRESes). Deletion analysis of the @entity34503 IRES indicates that RNA structure is critical for its function. Conversely, the @entity65851 IRES localizes to 53 nt near the 3' end of @entity34503 , and appears to depend upon sequence rather than structure. The 40 nt intergenic region (IGR) is not essential for @entity65851 IRES function or retrotransposition. Because of strong cis-preference for both proteins during L1 retrotransposition, correct stoichiometry of the two proteins can only be achieved post-transcriptionally. Although the precise stoichiometry is unknown, the retrotransposition intermediate likely contains hundreds of @entity34503 ps for every @entity65851 , together with one L1 RNA. IRES-mediated translation initiation is a well-established mechanism of message-specific regulation, hence, unique mechanisms for the recognition and control of these two IRESes in the L1 RNA could explain differences in translational efficiency of @entity34503 and @entity65851 . In addition, translational regulation may provide an additional layer of control on L1 retrotransposition efficiency, thereby protecting the integrity of the genome.

title: The dicistronic RNA from the XXXX LINE-1 retrotransposon contains an internal ribosome entry site upstream of each ORF: implications for retrotransposition.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The 24-h heart rate variability and QT-interval adaptation was investigated in perinatally @entity645 -infected preschool @entity1 classified according to immunological status in order to assess autonomic function at early stages of infection. Thirty-five perinatally @entity645 -infected and clinically stable @entity1 (4.8 +/- 0.3 years) were enrolled after approval of the study by the University Hospital Pedro Ernesto Ethics Committee and written informed parental consent was obtained. The @entity1 were classified according to peripheral @entity404 + count (cells/microL) as follows: group 1, N = 11 (>or=1000); group 2, N = 7 (>or=500 and <1000); group 3, N = 17 (<500). Left ventricular ejection fraction (>55%), 24-h RR interval variability ( @entity27320 ) indexes ( @entity10575 , SDANN, SDNN index, r-MSSD) and 24-h QT and Bazett-corrected QT (QTc) were determined, and groups were matched for age, body surface area, and left ventricular ejection fraction, reducing biases in @entity27320 . The peak differences () between the highest and lowest @entity27320 and QT indexes were extracted from nocturnal (1 am-6 am) and daytime (1 pm-6 pm) hourly assessed segments, respectively. Pearsons correlation (r) and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA were used to compare groups. @entity404 + count correlated positively with @entity10575 (r = 0.45; P = 0.003). There were no significant differences in daytime @entity10575 among groups. Nighttime SDNN index (P = 0.01), nighttime r-MSSD (P = 0.003), @entity10575 (P = 0.01), SDNN index (P = 0.03) and r-MSSD (P = 0.004) were significantly lower in group 3 than in the other groups. Expected nighttime QTc-interval lengthening was not observed in all groups. In perinatally @entity645 -infected preschool @entity1 with preserved left ventricular systolic function, parasympathetic-mediated @entity5433 parallels immune status, impairing both @entity27320 and circadian QTc interval adaptation.

title: Circadian cardiac autonomic function in perinatally @entity645 -infected preschool XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the efficacy of teriparatide, denosumab, and oral @entity171 for reducing @entity174 risk in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . METHODS: We searched the literature, via PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, to screen citations from January 1996 to October 2014 for inclusion in this study. A mixed-treatment comparison meta-analysis within a Bayesian framework was performed by WinBUGS version 1.4.3 software. The proportions of @entity1 with @entity174 and @entity1 with @entity174 were analyzed. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis results indicated that all of the therapies-except etidronate-achieved a statistically significant reduction of @entity174 compared with placebo. Teriparatide and denosumab were more effective than @entity561 and @entity562 for reducing @entity174 (teriparatide vs @entity561 : odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% CI, 1.03-2.98; teriparatide vs @entity562 : OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.13-3.19; denosumab vs @entity561 : OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.06-2.67; denosumab vs @entity562 : OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.16-2.92). Teriparatide, denosumab, @entity561 , and @entity562 also reduced the risk of nonvertebral @entity174 compared with placebo. Results of subgroup analysis showed that denosumab (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.37-0.98), @entity561 (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.96), and @entity562 (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.86) can reduce the risk of @entity173 and that @entity562 (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.4-0.88) can also reduce the risk of upper-arm @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Teriparatide, denosumab, @entity561 , and @entity562 are effective in reducing the risk of vertebral and @entity174 in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . Furthermore, denosumab, @entity561 , and @entity562 can reduce the risk of @entity173 , and @entity562 can also reduce the risk of upper-arm @entity174 .

title: Indirect comparison of teriparatide, denosumab, and oral @entity171 for the prevention of vertebral and XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['nonvertebral fractures', 'fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['nonvertebral fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) lead to mutations, genomic instability and apoptotic death, whereas accumulation of apoptotic cells results in excessive autoantigen presentation and autoantibody formation. We aimed to measure DSB levels in @entity1988 , a severe complication of the prototypic @entity792 . METHODS: The intrinsic DNA damage and the apoptosis induction/DSB levels were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of six @entity1 and 10 healthy controls following exposure to genotoxic agents ( @entity3601 , @entity900 ) ex vivo. DSBs were assessed using immunofluorescence quantification of yH2AX foci and comet assay. RESULTS: Intrinsic DNA damage was increased in @entity1252 versus control cells in both assays (Olive Tail Moment units of 15.8        2.3 versus 3.0        1.4 in comet, p   <   0.01; % yH2AX-positive cells: 13.6        1.8 versus 4.6        0.9, p   <   0.01, respectively). Melphalan or @entity900 doses as low as 9.9        4.8 or 29.8        8.3     g/ml, respectively, were sufficient to induce apoptosis in @entity1252 cells; control cells required doses of 32.3        7.7 and 67.7        5.5     g/ml, respectively. Drug-induced DSB levels were increased in @entity1252 versus control cells, with the area under the curve (AUC) for melphalan-induced DSBs being 3050        610 (% yH2AX-positive staining cells)   *   (drug dose) in @entity1 and 1580        350 in controls (p   <   0.05); the corresponding values for @entity900 -induced AUC were 13900        1800 for @entity1252 and 4500        750 for controls (p   <   0.01). Interestingly, within either @entity1252 @entity1 or controls examined, the accumulation of DSBs correlated with apoptosis degrees (all p   <   0.01). Results in @entity1252 cells were not associated with individual disease activity level or treatment modalities at the time of the study. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which increased accumulation of DSBs may render cells more sensitive to apoptosis, thus contributing to the induction of systemic @entity792 .

title: Increased DNA double-strand breaks and enhanced apoptosis in XXXX with @entity1988 .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'systemic autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the past several decades, @entity341 ( @entity341 ) increasing volume has proven to be a difficult challenge to address. With the advent of the Affordable Care Act, there is much speculation on the impact that health care coverage expansion will have on @entity341 usage across the country. It is currently unclear what the effects of Medicaid expansion and a decreased number of uninsured @entity1 will have on @entity341 usage. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify the motivators behind @entity341 use in @entity1 who were admitted to a university teaching hospital in order to project the possible impact of health care reform on @entity341 utilization. METHODS: We surveyed a convenience sample of uninsured @entity1 who presented to the @entity341 and were subsequently admitted to the inpatient setting. RESULTS: Our respondents sought care in the @entity341 primarily because they perceived their condition to be a medical emergency. Their lack of insurance and associated costs of care resulted in delays in seeking care, in reduced access, and a limited ability to manage chronic health conditions. Thus, contributing to their admission. CONCLUSIONS: Affordability will reduce financial barriers to health care insurance coverage. However, efficient and timely access to primary care is a stronger determinant of @entity341 usage in our sample. Health insurance coverage does not guarantee improved health care access. @entity1 may continue to experience significant challenges in managing chronic health conditions.

title: @entity1 Motivators for Emergency Department Utilization: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Survey of Uninsured Admitted XXXX at a University Teaching Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity3009 synthetase inhibitors have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of @entity1834 on the theory that the disorder may be caused by a high level of @entity2918 . However, a causal role of @entity3009 in @entity1834 has not been established, and there is only indirect evidence that the amelioration of @entity1834 by @entity3009 synthetase inhibitors is related to their inhibition of @entity3009 synthesis in the uterus. We, therefore, monitored menstrual @entity3009 release in 14 dysmenorrheic @entity1 in a controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial of @entity5018 (Motrin) and in two dysmenorrheic subjects while they were receiving oral contraceptive therapy and while they were not. A total of 89 menstrual cycles were studied. We found that @entity5018 therapy reduced menstrual @entity3009 release and relieved @entity1834 but that placebo therapy did not. Oral contraceptives decreased menstrual flow, reduced @entity3009 release and also alleviated @entity1834 . We conclude that @entity1834 is related to a high level of menstrual @entity3009 release. @entity5018 inhibits @entity3009 synthesis whereas oral contraceptives inhibit ovulation and cyclic endometrial development. Thus, the two drugs suppress endometrial @entity3009 through different mechanisms. Reduction of menstrual @entity3009 release leads to alleviation of @entity1834 .

title: @entity2918 in XXXX . Comparison of prophylactic and nonprophylactic treatment with @entity5018 and use of oral contraceptives.

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea', 'primary dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin', 'prostaglandin']

answer: @entity1834 :: (MESH:D004412,Disease) :: ['primary dysmenorrhea']


abstract: @entity1031 occurs more frequently in newborns than in older @entity1 or @entity1 . The developing hemostasis system of neonates has decreased concentrations of procoagulant proteins and the naturally occurring anticoagulants and hemostatic control proteins. Overall, neonatal hemostasis provides protection from excessive @entity548 at the expense of an increased risk for @entity1031 . Intensive medical care for premature and ill @entity1 often requires central vascular assess, and the most frequent risk factor for @entity1031 is the presence of an indwelling vascular catheter. @entity1211 in the newborn period varies depending on the location and extent of the @entity715 as well as the risk for @entity697 and later vascular compromise. Therapeutic decisions are guided by practitioners' past experience, published case reports and case series, several large registries, and extrapolation from results of clinical trials in adults with @entity1031 . Valuable consensus guidelines have been compiled by the @entity63722 Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Heparin, either unfractionated or a low molecular weight preparation, is the most commonly utilized anticoagulant to treat @entity1031 in newborn @entity1 . Thrombolytic therapy may be considered if the @entity715 is life or limb threatening and there is no hemorrhagic contraindication. Multicenter, prospective, controlled clinical trials in this important @entity1 population are needed to provide evidence-based data to better inform optimal management.

title: XXXX in the neonatal period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Management of venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous thromboembolism']


abstract: The central role of mitochondria in most pathways leading to @entity204 ( @entity204 ) has focused our investigations into the mechanisms of @entity413 -induced @entity528 . It has been postulated that @entity528 results from mitochondria membrane hyperpolarization and reactive @entity26 species formation. The present study not only provides further evidence to support our model of @entity413 -induced @entity204 but also demonstrates a potent ability for uncoupling proteins (UCPs) to prevent this process. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were screened for @entity5483 expression by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The abilities of individual UCPs to prevent hyperglycemic @entity204 were assessed by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of @entity5483 and @entity5485 . Interestingly, @entity5485 is expressed not only in muscle, but also in DRG neurons under control conditions. @entity5485 expression is rapidly downregulated by @entity4854 in @entity6 @entity35 and by high @entity413 in cultured neurons. Overexpression of UCPs prevents @entity413 -induced transient mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, reactive @entity26 species formation, and induction of @entity204 . The loss of @entity5485 in DRG neurons may represent a significant contributing factor in @entity413 -induced injury. Furthermore, the ability to prevent @entity5485 downregulation or to reproduce the uncoupling response in DRG neurons constitutes promising novel approaches to avert @entity6 complications such as @entity16 .

title: Uncoupling proteins prevent XXXX -induced neuronal oxidative stress and @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'programmed cell death']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic neuronal injury', 'neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: No licensed @entity311 vaccine exists, in spite of intensive development efforts. We have been investigating development of a DNA vaccine to prevent @entity281 . To date, we have established a full-length cDNA expression library from the erythrocytic-stage @entity19 @entity311 parasite, @entity2637 . We found that immunization of @entity19 with combined 2000 clones significantly prolonged survival after challenge infection and that splenocytes from the immunized @entity19 showed parasite-specific cytokine production. We determined the 5'-end one-pass sequence of these clones and mapped a draft genomic sequence for @entity2637 for use in screening vaccine candidates for efficacy. In this study, we annotated these cDNA clones by comparing them with the genomic sequence of @entity3964 . We then divided them into several subsets based on their characteristics and examined their protective effects against @entity281 . Consequently, we selected 104 clones that strongly induced specific IgG production and decreased the mortality rate in the early phase. Most of these 104 clones coded for unknown proteins. The results suggest that these clones represent potential novel @entity311 vaccine candidates.

title: Screening of novel XXXX DNA vaccine candidates using full-length cDNA library.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei', 'P. berghei']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the @entity2118 ( @entity2118 ) values in a healthy Chinese population using the one-wavelength reflectometry method and to investigate the relationships of @entity2118 with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and @entity231 . METHODS: A total of 441 healthy @entity1 , aged 3-81  years old (242 male and 199 female subjects), were enrolled in this study. Demographic and lifestyle data were recorded based on physical examinations and questionnaires. Lens opacities were measured according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). @entity2118 values were measured at 7   of eccentricity, using the one-wavelength reflectometry method (Visucam 200; Carl Zeiss Meditec). @entity2118 values were reported in parameters including 'max' and 'mean' @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ). The original @entity2118 values without automated correction were used for analysis. RESULTS: The average values were 0.303      0.097  d.u. (initials of density units) for the max @entity1781 and 0.109      0.031  d.u. for the mean @entity1781 . A significant inverse relationship was found between age and @entity2118 (for max @entity1781 , b  =  -0.716, p  <  0.001; for mean @entity1781 , b  =  -0.669, p  <  0.001). @entity1 with no @entity231 had higher @entity2118 values than those with moderate @entity231 (p  <  0.001). The @entity2118 values were not associated with sex, BMI or smoking status. CONCLUSION: @entity2118 within 7   of eccentricity, as measured by one-wavelength reflectometry, was found to decrease with increasing age in a healthy Chinese population, and @entity231 had an impact on these measurements. These results provide a reference value for future studies in the Chinese population.

title: Macular pigment XXXX in a healthy Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['OD', 'optical density']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['MPOD', 'macular pigment optical density']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lens opacities']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optical density']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The dietary usage of carrageenan as common food additive has increased observably over the last 50 years. But there is substantial controversy about its safety. Methods. We investigated whether the k-carrageenan could enhance lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity687 expression by studying its actions on the TLR4-NF-kB pathway. The aggravating effect of k-carrageenan on @entity8171 DBS100-induced @entity32 was also investigated in a @entity19 model. Results. Our data show that k-carrageenan pretreatment promoted @entity558 -induced @entity687 expression in HT-29 cells. Although CD14, @entity601 , and TLR4 were upregulated, the binding of @entity558 was not enhanced. However, the pathway of @entity4592 -NF-kB was triggered. Interestingly, k-carrageenan competitively blocked the binding of @entity2823 - @entity558 . Furthermore, pretreatment with k-carrageenan for one week previous to gavage with @entity8171 DBS100 markedly aggravated @entity353 , mortality, and @entity1049 . The secretion of cytokines was unbalanced and the ratio of Tregs was decreased significantly. In addition, k-carrageenan, together with @entity8171 DBS100, enhanced the transcription and secretion of TLR4 and NF-kB. Conclusions. k-Carrageenan can synergistically activate @entity558 -induced inflammatory through the @entity4592 -NF-kB pathway, as indicated by its aggravation of @entity8171 DBS100-induced @entity1960 in @entity19 . General Significance. Our results suggest that k-carrageenan serves as a potential inflammatory agent that magnifies existing @entity32 .

title: k-Carrageenan Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced @entity687 Secretion by Stimulating the XXXX -NF-kB Pathway in HT-29 Cells and Aggravates @entity8171 -Induced @entity32 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity8171 :: ('546', 'Species') :: ['C. freundii', 'Citrobacter freundii']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic damage']

answer: @entity4592 :: (8915,Gene) :: ['Bcl10']


abstract: This study evaluated contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) and three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA) through comparisons with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the follow-up of @entity438 treated with detachable coils. Sixty-seven @entity1 with 79 @entity439 underwent 3D-TOF-MRA, CE-MRA, and catheter angiography one year after coiling. Two independent observers classified recanalization status on images as neck or body remnant or no recanalization. For 3D-TOF-MRA and CE-MRA, the intermodality agreement, interobserver agreement, and correlation with angiography were assessed. Sixty-seven @entity1 with 79 coiled @entity439 agreed to participate in the study. Three @entity439 could not be detected on 3D-TOF-MRA, so they were excluded from this study. Interobserver agreement was very good for 3D-TOF-MRA and CE-MRA (kappa (k): 0.87, 0.94, respectively). Correlation of TOF-MRA with angiography was good (k: 0.76). Correlation of CE-MRA with angiography was excellent (k: 0.91). The sensitivity and specificity of TOF-MRA were 92% and 98%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CE-MRA were 96% and 98%, respectively. After selective embolization of @entity438 , CE-MRA is useful and comparable to DSA in the assessment of aneurysmal recanalization. Agreement with the gold standard is stronger with CE-MRA than with 3D-TOF-MRA.

title: Contrast-Enhanced and Time-of-Flight MR Angiographic Assessment of Endovascular XXXX at 1.5 T.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Coiled Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: @entity1358 is a common @entity5 of the adult kidney that accounts for about 3% of @entity5 . @entity1358 is the most frequent @entity703 and 20-40% of @entity1 develop @entity3 . The absence of appropriate biomarkers complicates diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. In this regard, small noncoding RNAs (microRNAs), which are mutated in several @entity5 including @entity703 , may be optimal candidates as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of this kind of @entity5 . Here we show that @entity1 with @entity703 that express low levels of @entity66064 -5p exhibited a good prognosis compared with @entity1 with unchanged or high levels of this microRNA. Consistently, in @entity703 cells the downregulation of @entity66064 -5p induced an increased @entity522 activity, @entity876 expression as well as decreased @entity3470 activation, leading to stimulation of the apoptotic pathway. Conversely, @entity66064 -5p upregulation enhanced the activity of @entity3470 and promoted both cell proliferation and survival. These biological processes occurred through @entity876 inactivation by proteasome degradation in a mechanism involving @entity7465 -mediated @entity876 ubiquitination. Our results support a role for @entity66064 -5p in balancing apoptosis and cell survival in @entity1358 . In particular, the downregulation of microRNA501-5p promotes a good prognosis, while its upregulation contributes to a poor prognosis, in particular, if associated with @entity876 and @entity7465 overexpression and @entity3470 activation. Thus, the expression of @entity66064 -5p is a possible biomarker for the prognosis of @entity1358 .

title: Differential expression of microRNA501-5p affects the aggressiveness of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic diseases', 'adult malignancies', 'cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'Clear cell renal carcinoma', 'clear cell renal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell kidney carcinoma', 'subtype of kidney cancer', 'kidney carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Although the current literature discusses mesh complications including @entity158 , as well as suggesting different techniques for removing mesh, there is little literature regarding @entity158 outcomes after surgical removal or revision. The purpose of this study is to determine if surgical removal or revision of vaginal mesh improves @entity1 's subjective complaints of @entity2371 associated with original placement of mesh. METHODS: After obtaining approval from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Institutional Review Board, a retrospective review of female @entity1 with @entity158 secondary to previous mesh placement who underwent excision or revision of vaginal mesh from January 2000 to August 2012 was performed. @entity1 age, relevant medical history including menopause status, previous hysterectomy, smoking status, and presence of @entity6 , @entity239 , @entity2335 , and chronic @entity2371 , was obtained. @entity1 ' @entity282 complaints were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 481 @entity1 who underwent surgery for mesh revision, removal or urethrolysis, 233 @entity1 met our inclusion criteria. One hundred and sixty-nine @entity1 (73  %) reported that their @entity158 improved, 19 (8  %) reported that their @entity158 worsened, and 45 (19  %) reported that their @entity158 remained unchanged after surgery. Prior history of chronic @entity2371 was associated with increased risk of failure of the procedure to relieve @entity158 (OR 0.28, 95  % CI 0.12-0.64, p   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Excision or revision of vaginal mesh appears to be effective in improving @entity1 ' @entity158 symptoms most of the time. @entity1 with a history of chronic @entity2371 are at an increased risk of no improvement or of worsening @entity158 .

title: XXXX outcomes after transvaginal mesh revision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: Nerve growth factor (NGF) has the ability to increase the content of peptide transmitter in intact primary sensory afferents of the adult @entity35 . We have previously shown that NGF can also induce a refill of peptide transmitters in @entity2951 -depleted peptidergic nerve terminals of the @entity35 paw skin upon intraplantar injection. The present study was aimed at investigating the neurochemical, immunohistochemical and functional recovery of peripheral and central terminals of @entity2951 -lesioned afferents following administration of recombinant @entity1 @entity4150 (rhNGF-beta). The systemic @entity2951 treatment in adult @entity35 by 50 mg/kg s.c. (day 0) was followed by intraplantar rhNGF-beta injections (4 micrograms each) into one hind paw on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and by the analysis on day 8. The content of the marker peptide @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ) showed a 100% NGF-induced recovery in the peripheral (sciatic nerve) and central axons (lumbar dorsal roots) on the side of the NGF treatment and also in the contralateral sciatic nerve and lumbar dorsal roots. In the terminals of the hind paw skin, the recovery of the @entity4655 content, as measured by radioimmunoassay, was 100% in the plantar and 80% in the dorsal skin ipsilaterally, and 55% in the dorsal and plantar hind paw skin contralaterally. In the lumbar dorsal spinal cord, @entity4655 content recovered by 85% bilaterally. The morphological appearance of the sensory nerve terminals was visualized by @entity4655 -immunohistochemistry. In the paw skin, the @entity4655 -immunoreactive ( @entity4655 -IR) nerve endings were restricted to a fragmentary subepidermal plexus after the @entity2951 treatment, whereas the subsequent NGF treatment caused a bilateral recovery of the subepidermal plexus and an intact reinnervation of the epidermis and blood vessels with free nerve terminals. The @entity2951 -induced fragmentation of the @entity4655 terminal plexus in laminae I and II of the lumbar spinal dorsal horn was also markedly repaired on both sides by the intraplantar NGF injections. The NGF treatment caused the @entity4655 nerve terminals in the spinal cord to regain their ability of releasing transmitter upon @entity2951 stimulation as shown in tissue slice superfusion experiments. These results show that within one week, rhNGF-beta can induce a complete reinnervation of skin and spinal cord with intact @entity4655 -IR nerve terminals after an acute @entity2951 lesion.

title: Regenerative effect of XXXX recombinant NGF on @entity2951 -lesioned sensory neurons in the adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity19729 ( @entity19729 )-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) contributes to @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) development in @entity1614 ( @entity1614 ). b-arrestin2 (barr2) is known to mediate @entity19729 -dependent MAPK activation as well as pro-proliferative and pro-fibrotic signaling in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. We, therefore, investigated whether barr2-dependent signaling contributes to @entity2334 formation in @entity1614 . We utilized a @entity19 model of @entity1614 (Fbn( @entity16866 /+)) to generate a @entity1614 @entity19 model in combination with genetic barr2 deletion (Fbn( @entity16866 /+)/barr2(-/-)). Fbn( @entity16866 /+)/barr2(-/-) @entity19 displayed delayed @entity384 compared to Fbn( @entity16866 /+) @entity19 . The mRNA and protein expression of several mediators of @entity2334 formation including @entity22534 were reduced in the aorta of Fbn( @entity16866 /+)/barr2(-/-) @entity19 relative to Fbn( @entity16866 /+) @entity19 . Activation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 ( @entity8837 ) was also decreased in the aortas of Fbn( @entity16866 /+)/barr2(-/-) @entity19 compared to Fbn( @entity16866 /+) animals. siRNA targeting barr2 inhibited angiotensin-stimulated expression of pro-aneurysmal signaling mediators in primary aortic root smooth muscle cells. @entity7774 -stimulated expression of the pro-aneurysmal signaling mediators @entity22534 was inhibited by blockade of @entity8837 or the @entity12841 , whereas blockade of the transforming growth factor-b receptor had no effect. These results suggest that barr2 contributes to @entity2334 formation in @entity1614 by regulating @entity8837 -dependent expression of pro-aneurysmal genes and proteins downstream of the @entity19729 . Importantly, this demonstration of the unique signaling mechanism by which barr2 contributes to @entity439 formation identifies multiple novel potential therapeutic targets in @entity1614 .

title: The role of b-arrestin2-dependent signaling in @entity2334 formation in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root dilation']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'Marfan Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm', 'TAA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity19729 :: ('11607(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['AT1aR', 'Angiotensin II type 1a receptor']

entities_list: @entity22534 :: ('17390;17395', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-2 and -9', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and -9']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan Syndrome']


abstract: Background. The aim of our study was to determine whether or not the flexibility of the iliotibial band and femoral quadriceps have an impact on @entity8043 , due to their connections with the patellar stabilizers. Material and methods. We examined 62 @entity1 (44 females, 18 males) with a median age of 15 years (range 9-19). All these @entity1 had @entity409 in the tested knees (101). The medial and distal glide of the patella were tested with a manual test according to Kaltenborn's scale. Ober's test was performed to test the tightness of the iliotibial band. The flexibility of the quadriceps femoris was tested while the @entity1 was lying prone with the tested leg on the couch and the other beside it. Results. Statistical analysis based on the c2 test (P=0.05) found no dependence between the flexibility parameters of the iliotibial band or the femoral quadriceps and the parameters of @entity8043 . Of the tested joints, 37.6% showed @entity12352 and positive Ober's test, while 34.7% had @entity12352 and a positive test for femoral @entity121 . Conclusions. The flexibility of the iliotibial band and femoral quadriceps has no direct influence on passive @entity8043 , but can affect the biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint and the location of the point of contact on articular surfaces during dynamic knee work. The flexibility of these muscles should be a diagnostic factor in @entity1 with @entity409 .

title: XXXX and the flexibility of the iliotibial band and the femoral quadriceps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['patellofemoral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12352 :: ('MESH:C535568', 'Disease') :: ['hypomobile patella']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar hypomobility']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps flexibility']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['Patellar hypomobility']