abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the advent of numerous protective strategies, @entity1514 and thoracoabdominal aortic replacement remains a high risk. While mortality rates have improved over the last 15 years, the incidence of adverse outcomes ( @entity64 , @entity177 , and @entity451 , as well as death) remains at 13% to 30% in all published series. The use of deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with @entity1167 has been associated with high morbidity in the past; however, we report a single surgeon's experience of improved end-organ protection with low morbidity and mortality utilizing this technique. METHODS: One hundred seventy-three consecutive @entity1 with descending @entity1514 and thoracoabdominal @entity439 were operated on between April 1995 and March 2005. Hypothermic (15 degrees C) cardiopulmonary bypass with @entity1167 and open proximal @entity254 were utilized in all subjects. Visceral arteries were uniformly reimplanted as an island while additional renal artery bypasses were performed as required. Lower intercostals and lumbar arteries were aggressively reimplanted or preserved at the aortic @entity254 . No other adjuncts for spinal cord protection were routinely employed. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 with isolated descending @entity1514 aortic @entity439 and 27 @entity1 with extent I, 49 with extent II, 20 with extent III, and 14 with extent IV @entity2334 underwent operative repair. Ninety percent of cases were elective while 10% were urgent or emergent. There were seven hospital deaths, and the hospital mortality was 4.0%. Operative complications included @entity64 in seven @entity1 (4.1%), @entity451 in four (2.4%), including 0 of 62 ambulatory @entity1 with isolated @entity439 , and @entity810 requiring dialysis in two of 168 operative survivors that were not dialysis-dependent before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Deep hypothermic @entity1167 allows replacement of complex aortic pathology with low mortality. End-organ protection is excellent with lower incidences of dialysis-dependent @entity177 and @entity451 than are reported with other currently used surgical techniques.

title: Optimal end-organ protection for @entity2334 repair using deep hypothermic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'including stroke']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aneurysm repairs', 'aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Body mass index (BMI) may not accurately or adequately reflect body composition or its role in the development of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Ectopic adipose depots may provide a more refined representation of the role of adiposity in @entity65 . Thus, the association of pericardial and intra-thoracic fat with coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) was examined. DESIGN AND METHODS: Nearly 600 white @entity1 and @entity1 , as well as Filipina @entity1 and African-American @entity1 , all without known @entity65 , had abdominal and chest computed tomography (CT) scans at two time points about 4 years apart from which CAC presence, severity and progression, as well as pericardial and intrathoracic fat volumes were obtained. Logistic and linear regression models with staged adjustment were used to assess associations of pericardial and intra-thoracic fat with CAC presence, severity, and progression. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, BMI, sex/ethnic group, ever smoking, and lipids, each standard deviation higher increment of intra-thoracic fat, but not pericardial fat, was significantly associated with 3.84-fold higher odds of prevalent CAC (95% CI (1.54, 9.58), P = 0.004) and a 38.4% higher CAC score (95% CI (3.5%, 90.0%), P = 0.03). Neither pericardial nor intrathoracic fat were associated with CAC progression. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to previous reports, pericardial fat was not associated with the presence, severity or progression of CAC. However, a significant association between intrathoracic fat and both the presence and severity of CAC was demonstrated. Studies measuring fat in the thoracic cavity may consider defining intrathoracic fat as a separate entity from pericardial fat.

title: Associations of pericardial and intrathoracic fat with coronary XXXX presence and progression in a multiethnic study.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity2736 occurring in @entity694 is an exceedingly rare event. The pathogenetic mechanism of @entity5 -related heterotopic bone formation remains unclear. Herein, we describe a rare case of @entity694 with ossification in a 76-year-old @entity1 . We also highlight the etiology of @entity2736 by immunohistochemical evaluation of novel markers such as @entity36265 ( @entity36265 ), @entity12502 , @entity1096 , and @entity3546 . @entity36265 is one of the most potent osteogenetic BMPs. However, no previous research has been performed concerning @entity36265 in @entity2736 arising in @entity694 . Subsequently, we suggest a hypothesis of @entity5 -associated heterotopic bone formation through this case. When osteoblastic indicators including @entity36265 , @entity12502 , and @entity1096 are upregulated in @entity5 cells, osteoblast-like transformation of such @entity5 cells occurs. These @entity5 cells augment the release of interactive osteogenetic factors ( @entity36265 , @entity12502 , and @entity1096 ) and stimulate uncommitted mesenchymal stromal cells into specific osteoblastic differentiation, contributing to heterotopic bone formation. This transformation of @entity5 cells is considered a type of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) because of overexpression of @entity36265 and @entity3546 . @entity1 should be followed closely because EMT has a tendency toward local recurrence. Our findings provide insight into the pathogenetic etiology of @entity2736 in @entity694 .

title: A Rare XXXX with Ossification: Pathogenetic Analysis of Bone Formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity36265 :: ('2658', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein 9', 'BMP9']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification', 'Heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: Some locally advanced @entity5 (i.e. @entity135 , @entity0 and @entity421 ), benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a resultant enhanced operability and a longer disease-free survival. The pharmacological study of the tissue distribution of @entity632 in @entity1 affected by locally advanced @entity0 has shown a preferable tropism of the drug toward the @entity5 and axillary lymph nodes. Median concentrations of the drug in the @entity5 were: 9.68 micrograms/gr at 30 minutes, 8.71 micrograms/gr at 24 hours and 6.44 micrograms/gr at 48 hours. Median concentration in lymph nodes at 48 hours was 10.80 in normal and 16.62 in metastatic. Lower concentrations were found at 48 hours in the mammary gland (mean 1.72 micrograms/gr), skin (mean 0.59 micrograms/gr) and in muscle tissue (mean 1.83 micrograms/gr in normal and 2.41 micrograms/gr in metastatic). As regards acute @entity137 , we observed that @entity1431 was associated with longer plasmatic @entity8034 (3 out of 6 @entity1 ) and that grade II @entity33 was related to high plasma AUC values (3 out of 6 @entity1 ). @entity390 and @entity391 and alopecia seem to be unrelated to plasma pharmacokinetics parameters. After a median follow-up of 36 months it is suggestive that high drug concentrations in @entity189 and in metastatic lymph nodes may be predictive of longer disease-free survival and overall survival. These data give a further rationale for the use of polychemotherapies containing @entity632 in the pre-operative treatment of locally advanced @entity0 .

title: A pharmacological rationale for neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity632 in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'neoplastic diseases']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['grade II-III leukopenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows identification of stress-induced @entity63 and @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity296 . We assessed the left ventricular (LV) functional response to vasodilator stress in @entity1 with advanced @entity296 undergoing pharmacologic stress (PET) perfusion and metabolic imaging. Additionally, we aimed to determine if @entity339 ( @entity339 ), @entity67 and diastolic function influenced the observed LV responses to pharmacologic stress. In 161 @entity1 (81% @entity1 ; 65    13 years), PET and echocardiography were performed within a week for noninvasive evaluation of @entity741 and viability (scored using 17-segment model), as well as @entity67 . @entity1 were stratified based on @entity63 in any segments versus hibernation/scar defects only. The LV volumes, EF by gating and @entity384 ( @entity384 ) index were generated automatically. Wall thickening (WT) scores were determined visually. The subgroup with reversible/ @entity63 segments on PET imaging (N = 55) exhibited greater end-systolic ( @entity5778 ) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) enlargement during stress (13    22 and 16    43 ml increase respectively, vs. 0    18 ml [P < 0.0001] and 2    24 ml [P = 0.01]), a decrease in LVEF during stress (mean -3% vs. +2%), and greater @entity384 indices (mean 1.13    0.18 vs. 1.02    0.12) compared to hibernation/scar only (N = 92). In addition, mean WT scores during stress declined significantly only in the @entity63 subgroup (P < 0.0001 for regional @entity3980 , non- @entity3980 and global wall thickening scores). The prevalence and the severity of @entity67 did not differ between groups. By univariate analysis, global and @entity3980 territory segmental @entity63 , global sum stress score (SSS), @entity384 index, resting EF, @entity5778 enlargement during stress, as well as global WT changes correlated with post-stress LVEF decline. Multivariate predictors included SSS, resting LVEF, and @entity5778 change. Ischemic changes on vasodilator PET imaging are associated with global LV functional decline and @entity384 , presumably due to stunning effect. Severity of @entity67 and @entity339 had limited impact on the above changes.

title: Ischemic changes on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging are associated with left ventricular functional and volumetric change independent of metabolic properties and echocardiographic functional variables in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic defects', 'ischemic', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['TID', 'volumetric dilatation', 'transient ischemic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular and valvular function', 'right ventricular (RV) dysfunction', 'MR and RV dysfunction', 'RV dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity1 papillomaviruses trophic for anogenital epithelia cause benign warts, and certain genotypes are closely associated with cervical @entity5 . By using our modifications of the epithelial raft culture system, we were able to recapitulate and modulate the infectious program of a papillomavirus in vitro for the first time. Small pieces of a @entity6205 containing @entity1082 type 11 were explanted onto a dermal equivalent consisting of a collagen matrix with fibroblasts and were cultured at the medium-air interface. The infected stem cells proliferated rapidly across the matrix, stratified, and differentiated, as judged by histology. The results correlated with the state of epithelial differentiation, which, in turn, was dependent on the type of fibroblast in the matrix. Under conditions where the epithelial outgrowth underwent terminal differentiation, the entire productive program took place, leading to virion assembly. In contrast, using an alternative condition where the outgrowth failed to achieve terminal differentiation, only the E-region RNAs from the E1 promoter accumulated to any appreciable extent. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen was induced in the differentiated suprabasal cells in the productive cyst growth, which also exhibited high copy viral DNA and abundant E6-E7 RNAs. Comparable cells in the nonproductive cyst outgrowth were negative for all three. These results suggest that the E6 and E7 proteins may play a role in establishing a cellular environment conducive to vegetative viral replication. The culture conditions described should be useful for genetic analysis of this family of important @entity1 pathogens and for testing potential pharmacological agents.

title: Production of XXXX and modulation of the infectious program in epithelial raft cultures. OFF.

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['condyloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: Levodopa-induced @entity910 are a common complication of chronic dopaminergic therapy in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The overall prevalence of levodopa-induced @entity910 ranges from 40%-90% and is related to the underlying disease process, pharmacologic factors, and to the duration of high dose levodopa therapy. The mechanisms underlying the emergence of levodopa-induced @entity910 are unknown, although most investigators favor the theory that striatal @entity935 receptor supersensitivity is directly responsible for the development of these @entity910 . In laboratory animals, the pineal hormone @entity2493 has been shown to regulate striatal dopaminergic activity and block levodopa-induced @entity910 (Cotzias et al., 1971). Since the pineal gland is known to be a magnetosensitive organ and as application of external magnetic fields has been shown to alter @entity2493 secretion, we studied the effects of application of external artificial weak magnetic fields in a @entity191 @entity1 with severe levodopa-induced @entity910 ("on-off"). Application of weak magnetic fields with a frequency of 2 Hz and intensity of 7.5 picotesla (pT) for a 6 minute period resulted in a rapid and dramatic @entity191 and an almost complete resolution of the @entity910 . This effect persisted for about 72 hours after which the @entity1 regressed to his pretreatment state. To ascertain if the responses elicited in the laboratory were reproducible, the @entity1 was instructed to apply magnetic fields of the same characteristics daily at home. These subsequent treatments paralleled the initial response with a sustained improvement being maintained during an observation period lasting at least one month. This case demonstrates the efficacy of weak magnetic fields in the treatment of @entity304 and motor complications of chronic levodopa therapy.

title: Magnetic fields in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian', "Parkinson's disease", 'attenuation of Parkinsonian disability', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A multidisciplinary tertiary service for adolescents with @entity29 ( @entity29 ) was commenced in April 2008, aiming to provide specialist treatment for adolescent @entity1 and bridge the gap between existing paediatric and adult surgical services. A single laparoscopic colorectal surgeon who normally treats adult @entity1 has been part of the multidisciplinary team since its inception. AIM: To analyse outcomes for those @entity1 requiring surgical resection during the first 2 years of service. METHODS: In this service evaluation study, all data for @entity1 undergoing surgery from 1 April 2008 to 31 March 2010 were prospectively collected on a dedicated electronic database. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 underwent surgical resection (15 laparoscopic and four open) over the 2-year period. Median @entity1 age was 15 years (range 11-16), and 14 @entity1 were female. Of the 15 laparoscopic resections, eight were subtotal colectomy and ileostomy and seven ileocaecal resection/right hemicolectomy. There was one (6.7%) conversion due to a pericolic abscess. There were four planned open cases, including two subtotal colectomy and ileostomy and two small bowel resections. Median operating time was 150 and 172.5 min in the open and laparoscopic groups respectively. Median length of stay was 6 days (range 3-16) in the laparoscopic group, and 8 days (range 5-13) in the open group. There were three (15.8%) post-operative complications, one (5.3%) readmission within 30 days and no mortality. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that an adult colorectal surgeon can provide a safe and effective service for adolescents with @entity29 , including the provision of laparoscopic resection in this challenging @entity1 group.

title: Laparoscopic adult colorectal surgeon and adolescents with XXXX : a safe combination?

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: The channel-forming protein called VDAC forms the major pathway in the mitochondrial outer membrane and controls metabolite flux across that membrane. The different VDAC isoforms of a species may play different roles in the regulation of mitochondrial functions. The @entity19 has three VDAC isoforms ( @entity35019 , @entity35020 and @entity35021 ). These proteins and different versions of @entity35021 were expressed in @entity375 cells ( @entity375 ) missing the major @entity375 VDAC gene and studied using different approaches. When reconstituted into liposomes, each isoform induced a permeability in the liposomes with a similar molecular weight cutoff (between 3,400 and 6,800 daltons based on permeability to @entity968 ). In contrast, electrophysiological studies on purified proteins showed very different channel properties. @entity35019 is the prototypic version whose properties are highly conserved among other species. @entity35020 also has normal gating activity but may exist in 2 forms, one with a lower conductance and selectivity. @entity35021 can also form channels in planar phospholipid membranes. It does not insert readily into membranes and generally does not gate well even at high membrane potentials (up to 80 mV). Isolated mitochondria exhibit large differences in their outer membrane permeability to @entity2125 depending on which of the @entity19 VDAC proteins was expressed. These differences in permeability could not simply be attributed to different amounts of each protein present in the isolated mitochondria. The roles of these different VDAC proteins are discussed.

title: @entity19 VDAC isoforms expressed in XXXX : channel properties and their roles in mitochondrial outer membrane permeability.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment-related @entity249 is an important issue for @entity5 survivors of reproductive age. We aimed to determine the understanding and management of fertility issues in @entity5 survivors by health care providers. METHODS: We studied 112 @entity1 aged 15-40  years who underwent chemotherapy in Tokushima University Hospital. The gynecologists and oncologists who treated these @entity1 were surveyed regarding their concerns about @entity249 issues in young @entity5 survivors. RESULTS: Of the 112 @entity1 studied, 57 had iatrogenic @entity2588 . Five were referred to reproductive specialists before or during treatment. Three @entity1 with @entity0 were referred after treatment; they could not undergo fertility treatment due to @entity2670 after chemotherapy. Forty-five medical doctors answered the survey: 21 gynecologists (including 9 fertility specialists), 13 oncologists, and 11 surgeons. Of the oncologists and surgeons, 37.5  % (9/24) referred their @entity1 to fertility experts. They listed certain issues regarding the @entity1 : (1) @entity148 that the intervention will alter the prognosis by delaying @entity5 treatment, and (2) a lack of communication between the oncologist and the fertility specialist. Almost all physicians agreed that fertility counseling was needed before chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This report showed the importance of oncofertility counseling and cooperation between oncologists and fertility specialists. Fertility in @entity5 survivors depends on type of @entity5 treatment applied, chemotherapy regimen, and age at treatment. Our institute is now equipped for oncofertility counseling and refers @entity1 for fertility preservation prior to @entity5 treatment.

title: A survey on fertility management in young XXXX of reproductive age treated with chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A Phase II trial of @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) was performed in 33 @entity1 with advanced @entity2 , including 15 @entity1 with inoperable Stage III non-small-cell (NSCLC) and 18 @entity1 with relapsed small-cell ( @entity4153 ) @entity2 . Initial dosage was 320 mg/m2 infused over 24 h; in the absence of hematologic @entity137 , subsequent doses were escalated to 400 mg/m2. @entity1 received a median of two cycles (range 1-13 for NSCLC and 1-5 for @entity4153 ) of therapy. There were no complete or partial responses among the NSCLC @entity1 . Among the @entity4153 @entity1 , two had a partial response. In vitro analysis of the @entity137 of @entity3003 and its parent compound @entity900 by two different methods for 20 NSCLC cell lines suggested that equivalent @entity5 cell kill is achieved by the two compounds, but this occurs at a log lower concentration of @entity900 than of @entity3003 . The in vitro @entity137 against NSCLC of @entity3003 at a concentration predicted to be in the range produced by the dose employed in this Phase II study correlated well with the resulting very modest in vivo benefit. In vitro, a continuous dose-response relationship exists for @entity3003 , suggesting that if higher doses could be administered safely to @entity1 , greater clinical benefit might occur. We conclude that single agent @entity3003 in the dosage and schedule administered has less than 20% activity (95% confidence intervals 0-19%) in NSCLC and an 11% response rate in @entity4153 (95% confidence intervals 2-34%). Despite this outcome, in vitro data in @entity1 NSCLC cell lines suggest higher dosages should perhaps be evaluated before discounting a role for @entity3003 in the management of NSCLC.

title: A phase II trial of @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) in small-cell and non-small-cell XXXX with correlation to in vitro analysis of @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['CBDCA', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The survival of @entity1 who undergo @entity2333 valve replacement (AVR) for severe @entity472 with reduced preoperative ejection fractions (EFs) is not well described in the literature. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 undergoing AVR for severe @entity472 were analyzed using the Northern New England @entity65 Study Group surgical registry. @entity1 were stratified by preoperative EF (>= 50%, 40%-49%, and <40%) and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting. Crude and adjusted survival across strata of EF was estimated for @entity1 up to 8 years beyond their index admission. A total of 5277 @entity1 underwent AVR for severe @entity472 between 1992 and 2008. There were 727 (14%) @entity1 with preoperative EF <40%. Preoperative EF had minimal effect on postoperative morbidity. There was no difference in 30-day mortality across EF strata among the isolated AVR cohort. Preserved EF conferred 30-day survival benefit among the AVR+coronary artery bypass grafting population (EF>= 50%, 96%; EF<40%, 91%; P=0.003). @entity1 with preserved EF had significantly improved 6-month and 8-year survival compared with their reduced EF counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Survival after AVR or AVR+coronary artery bypass grafting was most favorable among @entity1 with preoperative preserved EF. However, @entity1 with mild to moderately depressed EF experienced a substantial survival benefit compared with the natural history of medically treated @entity1 . Furthermore, minor reductions of EF carried equivalent increased risk to those with more compromised function suggesting @entity1 are best served when an AVR is performed before even minor reductions in myocardial function.

title: Impact of preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction on long-term survival after XXXX valve replacement for @entity472 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of 3 different exercise training regimens on @entity410 and coronary risk factor reduction in subjects with @entity64 . DESIGN: A cluster assignment by residential location repeated-measures design. SETTING: University-based medical center. @entity1 : Fifty-five subjects with unilateral @entity385 were assigned to the following groups: intensity (n=18), duration (n=19), and therapeutic exercise (n=18). INTERVENTION: A 14-week intervention with subjects randomized to 1 of 3 interventions: (1) moderate intensity, shorter duration (MISD) exercise (gradually increasing exercise intensity while keeping exercise duration constant at 30 min), (2) @entity258 ( @entity258 ) exercise (gradually increasing duration to 60 min while keeping exercise intensity constant), or (3) conventional therapeutic exercise (TE) consisting mainly of strength, balance, and range of motion activities. All groups exercised 3 days per week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peak @entity26 consumption (VO2peak), submaximal @entity26 consumption (VO2), lipid panel, and resting blood pressure. RESULTS: The MISD group attained more favorable effects on systolic (P<.04) and diastolic blood pressure (P<.002) and total @entity165 (TC) (P<.036) compared with @entity258 and TE groups. Both MISD (P<.029) and @entity258 (P<.045) showed significant reductions in @entity1674 compared with TE (P<.029). There was no significant change in VO2peak and submaximal VO2 in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, both MISD and @entity258 conditions achieved greater clinical and significant gains in coronary risk reduction compared with TE.

title: A preliminary study to examine the effects of aerobic and therapeutic (nonaerobic) exercise on XXXX and coronary risk reduction in @entity64 survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral stroke']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-intensity, longer duration', 'LILD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']


abstract: Forms of @entity7289 -related stigmatisation, following over 10 years of implementation of community directed treatment with @entity3070 (CDTI), were documented through a survey conducted between September and November 2009 to look at perceived changes in stigma over the past 7-10 years. We documented @entity1 's perceptions towards stigma before and after the introduction of CDTI from 1600 structured interviews with households selected from the community treatment registers; in-depth interviews with 57 community leaders, community directed distributors and health personnel; 33 focus group discussions with male and female community members in different age groups (18-24, 25-54 and >= 55 years) and 13 case studies. @entity1 with @entity272 ( @entity272 ) with rough skin, swellings and @entity1910 were the most stigmatised. @entity1 still fear sexual intimacy with infected @entity1 . In the past, @entity1 with @entity272 were considered unclean and stigmatised because of fear of @entity272 transmission and embarrassment. @entity1 who had lived in the community less than 5 years tended to stigmatise @entity272 @entity1 more than those @entity1 who had lived in the community for longer than 5 years. The youth stigmatised the most. Although stigmatisation persists, avoidance of @entity1 with @entity272 decreased from 32.7% to 4.3%. It is notable that treatment availability has improved relationships between healthy @entity1 and those with @entity272 symptoms in endemic communities and this can be attributed to CDTI. Health education should be emphasised in the communities during distribution.

title: Changes in stigma and discrimination of XXXX in Africa.

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'persons', 'People']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['OSD', 'onchocercal skin disease']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity7289 :: (MESH:D009855,Disease) :: ['onchocerciasis']


abstract: Locally or recurrent advanced @entity0 can receive arterial blood supply from various arteries, such as the internal thoracic artery (ITA), the lateral thoracic artery, and the other small arterial branches originating from the subclavian artery. Failure to catheterize and subsequent formation of collateral arterial blood supply from various arteries are some of the reasons why the response to conventional selective transarterial infusion chemotherapy is limited and variable. To overcome this problem, we developed a new subclavian arterial infusion chemotherapy method using an implanted catheter-port system after redistribution of arterial @entity5 blood supply by embolizing the ITA. We named this technique ("redistributed subclavian arterial infusion chemotherapy" (RESAIC)). Using RESAIC, @entity1 can be treated on an outpatient basis for extended periods of time. Eleven @entity1 underwent RESAIC, and the complete remission and partial response rate in 10 evaluable @entity1 was 90%: complete remission [CR] n = 4, partial remission n = 4, stable disease n = 1, and not evaluable n = 1. Three of four @entity1 with CR had no distant @entity3 , and modified radical mastectomy was performed 1 month after conclusion of RESAIC. The resected specimens showed no @entity5 cells, and pathologically confirmed complete remission was diagnosed in each of these cases. Although temporary grade-3 myelosuppression was seen in three @entity1 who were previously treated by systemic chemotherapy, there was no other drug-induced @entity137 or procedure-related complications. RESAIC produced a better response and showed no major complications compared with other studies despite the advanced stage of the @entity5 .

title: Development of a new subclavian arterial infusion chemotherapy method for locally or recurrent XXXX using an implanted catheter-port system after redistribution of arterial @entity5 supply.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'residual cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Use of @entity384 leads to less blood transfusion rates than metallic dilators. Plasma vaporization leads to less @entity190 than @entity384 in this study. The study evaluates a novel technique for the creation of a nephrostomy tract for PCNL. Compared with other techniques, plasma vaporization is a safer procedure that causes lesser @entity190 , requires a shorter hospital stay, causes less radiation exposure, and enables easier nephrostomy tract creation for PCNL. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of plasma vaporization for tract creation in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). @entity1 AND METHODS: In this randomized prospective trial we enrolled 65 @entity1 and assigned each to one of two groups: 33 @entity1 were randomly scheduled to undergo plasma vaporization and 32 were scheduled to undergo @entity384 for tract creation. A @entity162 mounted with a plasma vaporization button electrode or a traditional balloon dilator were used to create the nephrostomy tract. RESULTS: The mean @entity190 , mean length of hospital stay and mean operating time, stone-free rates and @entity260 in the two groups were compared using the t-test or chi-squared test (Fisher's exact test). The plasma vaporization group had a significantly lower mean (SD) decrease in haematocrit level (3.5 [2.8]% vs 6.6 [3.3]%; P = 0.02) and a shorter mean (SD) hospital stay (2.6 [1.2] days vs 5.3 [3.4] days; P = 0.0). There were no significant differences in the operating time, stone-free rate or cases of @entity86 between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The plasma vaporization technique is safe, leads to less @entity190 than the other techniques, and is a simple solution for creating the nephrostomy tract for PCNL.

title: Randomized and prospective trial comparing tract creation using plasma vaporization with XXXX in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar resectoscope']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilatation']


abstract: The current study examined the Fear Avoidance (FA) model of @entity1118 in pediatric @entity1118 @entity1 . Multiple structural equation models were tested in the current study with pairwise parameter comparisons made between younger @entity1 (8-12 years) and adolescents (13-17 years). Within a sample of 350 @entity1 and adolescents, we examined @entity717 and @entity308 in separate models with the following predictor variables- @entity158 , @entity158 catastrophizing, fear of @entity158 , and avoidance of activities-after controlling for duration of @entity158 . For a subset of @entity1 (n = 151), we also tested a brief prospective outcome model with baseline predictor variables and @entity717 at 1-month follow-up. The FA models predicting @entity717 concurrently and prospectively were an excellent fit to the data. The theorized FA model for @entity308 was a poor fit. When the model was modified to include direct pathways from the cognitive processes of @entity158 catastrophizing and fear of @entity158 to @entity308 , the model fit was significantly improved. In the examination of developmental differences between younger @entity1 and adolescent @entity1 , duration of @entity158 contributed to the model for younger @entity1 , whereas @entity158 -related fears were more influential for adolescent @entity1 . PERSPECTIVE: The FA model of @entity1118 appears to be applicable for pediatric @entity1 with some modification to account for developmental differences across childhood. We discuss the developmental, theoretical, and clinical implications of these results.

title: The Fear Avoidance model of XXXX : examination for pediatric application.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['functional disability']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: The historical development of ideas concerning impairment of diffusion in the lungs ( @entity8025 ) is described. The major publications by Riley and Cournand, and others, which showed that impairment of diffusion exists in some diseased lungs were based on careful measurements of the arterial @entity26 tension or saturation of @entity1 . These papers described work carried out in the State of New York. Other workers claim to have shown that impairment of diffusion does not exist in diseased lungs: the impairment of @entity26 transfer in @entity8025 is said to be due to uneven ventilation-perfusion ratios. The publications which adopt this point of view are mostly based on measurements of the concentration of inert gases in the arterial blood. By chance, the workers who found that diffusion is not impaired in diseased lungs were all in the State of California. It is pointed out here that the California workers have failed to recognize that diffusion, like ventilation and perfusion, is distributed, i.e. varies greatly in different alveoli. This led them to ignore the fact that in some alveoli in diseased lungs, diffusion is so greatly impaired that some inert gases do not reach equilibrium at the end of the pulmonary capillary: the tension of inert gas in end-capillary blood is different from the tension of the same gas in @entity133 . This invalidates the basic assumption underlying the inert gas method.

title: Does impaired diffusion for XXXX exist in diseased lungs?

entities_list: @entity8025 :: ('MESH:C536590', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar-capillary block']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar gas']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The use of antibiotics before and after surgery has made infectious complications of neurotologic surgery rare. The neurosurgical literature cites a rate of @entity86 between 1% and 2% for "clean" cases and 1.5% to 2.5% for "clean contaminated" cases, such as cerebrospinal fluid contact with the middle ear or mastoid. Reports of @entity281 after neurotologic procedures are rare in the otologic literature. In this report, two @entity1 with @entity867 occurring in a delayed fashion after surgery are described. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective chart review and case report. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center. RESULTS: @entity1 1 underwent a suboccipital craniotomy for removal of an @entity5513 and had an uneventful postoperative recovery. Three months after surgery, he reported mild unsteadiness. Examination revealed @entity2055 , which led to repeat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a diagnosis of @entity76 . @entity1 2 underwent translabyrinthine removal of an @entity5513 complicated by postoperative @entity796 @entity693 , which responded promptly to intravenous antibiotics. Fifteen months after surgery, he visited a neurologist after having a @entity410 and was treated with anticonvulsants. After a second episode of @entity410 , imaging studies showed a @entity1315 . CONCLUSIONS: The signs of @entity932 may be subtle and can occur weeks or months after surgery, requiring vigilance and a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. A change in postoperative symptoms after @entity5513 surgery should signal further investigation using MRI with @entity2287 .

title: Delayed XXXX after @entity5513 surgery: a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial abscess']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe abscess']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative meningitis']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar abscess']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['mild ataxia']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial abscess']


abstract: AIMS: To assess @entity3077 's effects on inhibition of @entity1423 (IPA), @entity3075 reaction units (PRU; measure of platelet @entity3075 receptor blockade), pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and safety in Chinese @entity1 with stable @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: This was an open-label, single-centre, randomised, study. Thirty-six @entity1 on low-dose @entity117 (75-100   mg/day) received ticagrelor 45, 60 or 90   mg (single dose, days 1 and 7; twice daily [b.i.d.], days 3-6). IPA (final-extent), PRU, and ticagrelor and @entity33511 plasma concentrations were determined. RESULTS: On day 1, peak IPA >80% occurred 2-6   h post-dose (all doses); PRU was markedly reduced at 1   h versus baseline (all doses). With ticagrelor 45 and 90   mg b.i. @entity33512 IPA (mean, SD) was 91% (13%), and 99% (3%), and maximum PRU reduction from baseline (mean, SD) was 82% (17%) and 92% (9%), respectively. Approximate dose-proportional increases (mean [%CV]; 45 vs 90   mg b.i.d.) in ticagrelor Cmax (616 [37] vs 1273 [43] ng/mL) and AUC (3882 [42] vs 8206 [51] ng        h/mL) and @entity33511 parameters were seen. Pharmacodynamic and PK differences between 45 and 60   mg were small. No safety issues were identified. CONCLUSIONS: In Chinese @entity1 with @entity453 , ticagrelor (45, 60 and 90   mg) markedly reduced @entity1423 . The IPA and PRU magnitude increased generally with increasing doses. However, the mean pharmacodynamic differences between 45 and 60   mg doses were small. Following single and multiple doses, the mean Cmax and AUC values of ticagrelor and @entity33511 increased approximately dose-proportionally between 45- and 90-mg doses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of ticagrelor in Chinese XXXX with stable @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3077 :: ('MESH:C503700', 'Chemical') :: ['ticagrelor']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate usage of diagnostic angiography (DA) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for isolated @entity8 while assessing differences in utilization based on @entity130 -level designation. METHODS: Isolated @entity8 from 2000-2013 were identified in the prospectively maintained @entity130 Outcome Study (PTOS) database and stratified by American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) @entity8 grade. Therapeutic intervention and ICD-9 codes identified DA and/or @entity8 performance, while @entity8 was designated through Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes. Univariate and multivariate models identified factors associated with utilization of DA/ @entity8 . RESULTS: Of 449,422 @entity1 entered into the PTOS from 2000-2013, 1628 (0.4%) isolated @entity8 were identified. The majority of @entity1 (1190/1628, 73.1%) experienced low-grade (AAST I-III) renal @entity130 . Though isolated grade IV (41/350, 11.7%) or grade V (10/88, 11.4%) renal @entity130 @entity1 underwent DA/ @entity8 at a greater rate (p<0.001), low-grade @entity1 still underwent DA/ @entity8 4.3% (51/1190) of the time. @entity1 with grade I injuries were significantly more likely to undergo DA/ @entity8 at level 1 @entity130 centers (OR 5.4, CI 1.2-23.8, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Despite overwhelming evidence supporting conservative management for @entity1 with isolated, low-grade traumatic @entity8 , contemporary utilization of DA and @entity8 in such @entity1 treated at @entity130 centers is surprisingly high. Factors accounting for a significant increase in utilization at Level 1 @entity130 centers need to be further elucidated.

title: Unexpected High Rates of Angiography and Angioembolization for Isolated Low Grade Renal XXXX : Results from a Large, Statewide, @entity130 Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury', 'RAE', 'renal angioembolization', 'kidney injuries', 'renal injuries', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Pennsylvania Trauma', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently reported high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 as a predictor of recurrent risk in a subgroup of postinfarction @entity1 defined by @entity1007 and high @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels. We investigated whether a similar high-risk subgroup might exist for incident @entity65 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A graphical exploratory data analysis tool was used to identify high-risk subgroups in a male population-based cohort (n = 3405) from the prevention of renal and vascular end-stage disease study by generating 3-dimensional mappings of risk over the HDL- @entity165 / @entity1851 domain with subsequent use of Kaplan-Meier analysis to verify high-risk. Within-subgroup risk was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Mappings revealed two high-risk subgroups: a low HDL- @entity165 /high @entity1851 subgroup and a high HDL- @entity165 /high @entity1851 subgroup. The low HDL- @entity165 subgroup demonstrated a pattern of metabolic @entity2299 contrasted with a predominantly unremarkable biomarker pattern for the high HDL- @entity165 subgroup. However, in the high HDL- @entity165 subgroup, @entity1851 levels were higher than the low HDL- @entity165 subgroup; and within the high HDL- @entity165 subgroup, @entity1851 predicted risk. Moreover, in the high HDL- @entity165 subgroup, risk was associated with lower @entity412 levels in conjunction with presumptively larger HDL particles. CONCLUSIONS: High HDL- @entity165 and high @entity1851 levels define a subgroup of @entity1 at high-risk for incident @entity65 . High HDL @entity165 -associated risk likely relates to @entity9680 remodelling in the setting of @entity32 . This approach may facilitate identification of additional @entity32 -related mechanisms underlying high HDL @entity165 -associated risk; and potentially influence management of such @entity1 .

title: XXXX reduces HDL protection against primary cardiac risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['impaired HDL particle']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: At the "4th International Meeting on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: on the Way to New Therapies," @entity30886 , 2006, genetics, bacteria-host interactions, immunomodulation, and tissue response were discussed deeply in order to understand, rationalize, and develop novel therapies. About genetics, the importance of a better understanding of the nature of known loci and of the putative associations was stressed. It was confirmed that genotype-phenotype associations in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) have important clinical and therapeutic implications. The importance of the search for dominant bacterial antigens in chronic immune-mediated @entity32 emerged, as well as knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms of bacterial-host interactions. It was discussed how innate and adaptive immunity signaling events can perpetuate @entity32 . Signal transduction pathways provide an intracellular mechanism by which cells respond and adapt to environmental stress. The identification of these signals have led to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity29 and pointed to potential therapeutic targets. It was shown that immune homeostasis is lost in @entity29 , resulting in a complex tissue response involving the action of immune and nonimmune cells. The nonimmune tissue response in @entity29 could be regarded as a new target for control of chronic @entity32 . The changing role of biotherapy in @entity29 was widely discussed and in particular the anti- @entity310 monoclonal antibodies. @entity1261 ( @entity2841 ) and stem cells therapies were also discussed. The risk-to-benefit ratio of the novel therapies was analyzed in detail. Finally, future directions for basic science and the unmet needs for clinical practice were presented.

title: Late-breaking news from the "4th International Meeting on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases" XXXX , 2006.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity30886 :: (10156,Gene) :: ['Capri']


abstract: Differential inhibition of @entity2404 ( @entity3447 ) and prostacyclin (PGI2) biosynthesis has an antithrombotic potential, since it may change the @entity3447 /PGI2 formation ratio in a favourable direction. Very low doses of @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) have been demonstrated to elicit differential inhibition of @entity3447 and PGI2 formation in healthy subjects; whether a similar effect can be obtained in @entity1 with @entity731 is still an open question. We addressed this by analyzing the urinary excretion of the 2,3-dinor-metabolites of @entity3447 (Tx-M) and PGI2 ( @entity14243 -M) in 10 @entity1 with severe @entity731 during 10 consecutive days. The first three days were a basal period, under which no treatment was given. During the subsequent seven days a daily 50 mg oral dose of @entity1281 was administered. In the basal state urinary Tx-M did not differ from that of @entity14243 -M, the median excretion rates of the two eicosanoid metabolites being 526 (range 68-1490) and 562 (range 93-1970) pg/mg @entity1011 , respectively. During @entity1281 treatment urinary Tx-M fell to a lower (p less than 0.001) level than @entity14243 -M. Thus, during the last 5 days of @entity1281 treatment the median excretion of Tx-M was depressed (p less than 0.001) to 148 (range 48-428) pg/mg @entity1011 , while that of @entity14243 -M was decreased (p less than 0.01) to 313 (range 42-2658) pg/mg @entity1011 . These data indicate that a daily 50 mg dose of @entity1281 inhibits cardiovascular formation of @entity1813 in @entity1 with severe @entity731 and increased platelet @entity3447 formation. Furthermore, this dose of @entity1281 inhibits the formation of @entity3447 more than that of PGI2.

title: Differential inhibition of XXXX and prostacyclin synthesis by low dose @entity117 in @entity731 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

answer: @entity2404 :: (MESH:D013928,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane A2']


abstract: In a preceding paper we characterized the in vivo and in vitro induction of cytotoxic effector cells elicited by a novel synthetic immuno-stimulator @entity31651 (7T8OG)2. In the present study we further characterized the cells responsible for the induced @entity137 and the mechanisms together with the lymphokines mediating the immunological response to 7T8OG. Removal of macrophages from 7T8OG activated spleen cell suspensions by various methods resulted in a significant increase in @entity137 to @entity9599 targets. 7T8OG induced effectors did not exert cytotoxic effect on macrophage sensitive @entity19 target cells. In vivo activated effectors when incubated with anti-asialo- @entity11688 antibody plus complement lost completely their ability to lyse @entity9599 targets. Together, these findings indicate that the 7T8OG induced effector cells are not macrophage like. Spleen cells from @entity19 were readily activated by 7T8OG. The induced effectors were resistant to complement mediated lysis using anti-L3T4, anti- @entity6689 or anti- @entity3414 antibodies. Pretreatment of spleen cells with macrophage depleting agents both, in vitro and in vivo and subsequent activation of cells by 7T8OG resulted in effectors with reduced @entity137 . When injected in vivo, 7T8OG induced strong IFN production which paralelled the kinetics of NK cell activation. Furthermore, antibodies to alpha _ beta-IFN but not to gamma-IFN diminished the induction of the cytotoxic activity. Although these findings suggest that activation of NK cells by 7T8OG is most likely to be mediated by alpha _ beta-IFN involvement of other cytokines can not be ruled out.

title: Immunomodulatory activity of a novel nucleoside, XXXX . II. Characterization of induced effector cells and the mechanism of induction.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity31651 :: ('MESH:C061136', 'Chemical') :: ['7-thia-8-oxoguanosine']

answer: @entity31651 :: (MESH:C061136,Chemical) :: ['7-thia-8-oxoguanosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of @entity693 in association with the absence of @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) @entity491 . DESIGN: This was a retrospective analysis of databases of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity693 by @entity5173 reverse transcription-PCR testing. Presence of @entity5173 non- @entity491 at each age group was analysed by use of the two criteria. Clinical variables were compared with regard to the presence of @entity5173 @entity491 . Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors that were associated with @entity5173 @entity491 . SETTING: Two hospitals in South Korea, between January 2008 and August 2011. @entity1 : 390 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity693 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of @entity693 without @entity5173 @entity491 . RESULTS: Among the 390 @entity1 with @entity693 , 16-18% did not have @entity5173 @entity491 . In particular, @entity5173 @entity491 was not present in 68-77% of the neonates with @entity693 , demonstrating that the proportion of @entity5173 @entity491 decreased significantly with age (p<0.001). In multivariate models, younger age (adjusted OR 0.981; 95% CI 0.973 to 0.989), lower peripheral white blood cell count (adjusted OR 0.843; 95% CI 0.791 to 0.899), and shorter interval between onset and lumbar puncture (adjusted OR 0.527; 95% CI 0.315 to 0.882) were associated with the absence of @entity5173 @entity491 in @entity693 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated high proportion of non-pleocytic @entity693 in young @entity1 and identified several clinical factors that contributed to the absence of @entity5173 @entity491 . We suggest that @entity5173 enterovirus PCR testing is likely to detect more cases of @entity693 , especially in young @entity1 .

title: @entity693 without XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CSF', 'cerebrospinal fluid']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['pleocytosis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['enteroviral meningitis']

answer: @entity491 :: (MESH:D007964,Disease) :: ['pleocytosis']


abstract: Caveolae have been implicated in sensing of cell volume perturbations, yet evidence is still limited and findings contradictory. Here, we investigated the possible role of caveolae in cell volume regulation and volume sensitive signaling in an adipocyte system with high (3T3-L1 adipocytes); intermediate (3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes); and low ( @entity165 -depleted 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes) caveolae levels. Using large-angle light scattering, we show that compared to pre-adipocytes, differentiated adipocytes exhibit several-fold increased rates of volume restoration following osmotic cell swelling (RVD) and osmotic cell shrinkage (RVI), accompanied by increased swelling-activated @entity2226 efflux. However, caveolin-1 distribution was not detectably altered after osmotic swelling or shrinkage, and caveolae integrity, as studied by @entity165 depletion or expression of dominant negative @entity3895 -1, was not required for either RVD or RVI in pre-adipocytes. The @entity8277 ( @entity8277 ) localizes to caveolae and its expression dramatically increases upon adipocyte differentiation. In pre-adipocytes, @entity8277 and its effectors @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ) and extracellular signal regulated kinase ( @entity1366 ) localized to focal adhesions and were activated by a 5 min exposure to insulin (100 nM). Osmotic shrinkage transiently inhibited @entity8277 Y(146)-phosphorylation, followed by an increase at t=15 min; a similar pattern was seen for @entity1366 and @entity3818 , in a manner unaffected by @entity165 depletion. In contrast, cell swelling had no detectable effect on @entity8277 , yet increased @entity1366 phosphorylation. In conclusion, differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes exhibit greatly accelerated RVD and RVI responses and increased swelling-activated @entity2226 efflux compared to pre-adipocytes. Furthermore, in pre-adipocytes, @entity3895 -1/caveolae integrity is not required for volume regulation. Given the relationship between hyperosmotic stress and insulin signaling, the finding that cell volume regulation is dramatically altered upon adipocyte differentiation may be relevant for the understanding of insulin resistance and @entity209 .

title: Cell volume regulation and signaling in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and adipocytes: on the possible roles of caveolae, insulin receptors, @entity3818 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['InsR', 'insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1366 :: (5595;5594,Gene) :: ['ERK1/2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), one of the major @entity23382 in green tea, is a potential chemopreventive agent for various @entity5 . The aim of this study was to examine the effect of @entity3090 on the expression of @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) and @entity5 suppression. METHODS: Cell colony formation was evaluated by a soft agar assay. Transcriptional activity of @entity2285 and @entity4041 was determined by luciferase reporter assay. An @entity3090 -HSPs complex was prepared using @entity3090 attached to the @entity13518 (CNBr)-activated Sepharose 4B. In vivo effect of @entity3090 on @entity5 growth was examined in a xenograft model. RESULTS: Treatment with @entity3090 decreased cell proliferation and colony formation of MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells. @entity3090 specifically inhibited the expression of @entity2285 and @entity4041 by inhibiting the promoter activity of @entity2285 and @entity4041 . Pretreatment with @entity3090 increased the stress sensitivity of MCF-7 cells upon @entity1457 (44 degrees C for 1 h) or oxidative stress ( @entity274 , 500 microM for 24 h). Moreover, treatment with @entity3090 (10 mg/kg) in a xenograft model resulted in delayed @entity5 incidence and reduced @entity5 size, as well as the inhibition of @entity2285 and @entity4041 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings demonstrate that @entity2285 and @entity4041 are potent molecular targets of @entity3090 and suggest @entity3090 as a drug candidate for the treatment of @entity1 @entity5 .

title: XXXX suppresses the expression of @entity2285 and @entity4041 and exhibits anti- @entity5 activity in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['catechins']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity13518 :: ('MESH:D003488', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanogen bromide']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']


abstract: Black widow spiders can cause variable clinical scenarios from local damage to very serious conditions including @entity204 . Acute @entity296 is rarely observed and its prognostic significance is not known. We report a rare case of a 35-year-old @entity1 who developed an @entity2401 with @entity3126 requiring mechanical ventilation caused by black widow spider's @entity5900 . The @entity1 was previously healthy. The clinical course was associated with @entity65 . His electrocardiogram revealed ST-segment elevation with T-wave amplitude. The plasma concentrations of cardiac enzymes were elevated. His first echocardiography showed hypokinesis of the left ventricle (left ventricle ejection fraction 48%). Magnetic resonance imaging showed also focal @entity296 of the LV. There was progressive improvement in cardiac traces, biochemical and echocardiographical values (second left ventricle ejection fraction increased to 50%). @entity296 after a spider bite is rare and can cause @entity204 . The exact mechanism of this @entity2401 is unknown. We report a rare case of @entity2401 with @entity3126 requiring mechanical ventilation caused by black widow spider's @entity5900 . We objectively documented progressive clinical and electrical improvement.

title: Reversible @entity2401 after black widow spider XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'Myocardial involvement', 'myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'acute myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['systemic and cardiovascular complaints']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity5900 :: (MESH:D012909,Disease) :: ['envenomation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to compare the efficacy and long-term results of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with those of transcatheter sclerotherapy for the treatment of @entity2312 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 139 cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity2312 underwent endovascular treatment. Of the 139 @entity1 , 104 without @entity157 were enrolled; 27 @entity1 were treated with TIPS, and 77 @entity1 with transcatheter sclerotherapy. Bleeding of @entity2312 and survival rates were compared between the TIPS and transcatheter sclerotherapy groups. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors for gastric variceal bleeding and survival. Changes in liver function were evaluated in each group. RESULTS: The cumulative gastric variceal bleeding rate at 1 year was 20% in the TIPS group and 2% in the transcatheter sclerotherapy group (p < 0.01). The prognostic factor associated with gastric variceal bleeding was the treatment method. The cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were, respectively, 81%, 64%, and 40% in the TIPS group and 96%, 83%, and 76% in the transcatheter sclerotherapy group (p < 0.01). The prognostic factors for survival were the treatment method and the @entity1 -Pugh classification of @entity409 . For @entity1 categorized in @entity1 -Pugh class A, the survival rate was higher in the transcatheter sclerotherapy group than in the TIPS group (p < 0.01). For @entity1 in @entity1 -Pugh classes B and C, no significant difference was seen between the two groups. Liver function tended to improve in the transcatheter sclerotherapy group. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter sclerotherapy may provide better control of gastric variceal bleeding than TIPS. Transcatheter sclerotherapy may contribute to a higher survival rate than TIPS in @entity1 with @entity1 -Pugh class A disease.

title: TIPS versus transcatheter sclerotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity2312 :: (MESH:D004932,Disease) :: ['gastric varices']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Except for North America and Europe, few studies have reported the association among physical activity (PA), @entity410 ( @entity410 ) and @entity209 ( @entity209 ) in youths, especially for rural African youth. AIM: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of PA levels, @entity410 , @entity209 and its indicators, and examine the association between these variables in a school-aged sample of youth from rural Mozambique. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample included 209 @entity1 and adolescents aged 7-15 years old from Calanga, a rural community in Mozambique. PA was estimated with a culturally-specific questionnaire. @entity410 was determined by 1-mile run test. Indicators of the @entity209 included fasting @entity413 , @entity1674 , total @entity165 , blood pressure and body mass index. A continuous metabolic risk score was computed. RESULTS: Results showed high levels of PA and @entity410 and a low prevalence of @entity209 ( < 2%) among @entity1 and adolescents from Calanga. However, there was a moderately high prevalence of elevated blood pressure (81.8%) and @entity1674 (18.7%), respectively. There were no significant associations between PA, @entity410 and @entity209 . CONCLUSION: Youths from Calanga are physically active and possess high @entity410 and their lifestyle may be a protective effect against @entity209 .

title: Physical activity, fitness and the XXXX in rural youths from Mozambique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite possible advantages, few surgical series report specifically on awake craniotomy for intrinsic @entity1313 in eloquent brain areas. OBJECTIVES: Primary: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of fully awake craniotomy (FAC) for the resection of primary @entity1313 (PSBT) near or in eloquent brain areas (EBA) in a developing country. Secondary: To evaluate the impact of previous surgical history and different treatment modalities on outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1998 to 2007, 79 consecutive FACs for resection PSBT near or in EBA, performed by a single surgeon, were prospectively followed. Two groups were defined based on time period and surgical team: group A operated on from March 1998 to July 2004 without a multidisciplinary team and group B operated on from August 2004 to October 2007 in a multidisciplinary setting. For both time periods, two groups were defined: group I had no previous history of craniotomy, while group II had undergone a previous craniotomy for a PSBT. Forty-six @entity1 were operated on in group A, 46 in group B, 49 in group I and 30 in group II. Psychological assessment and selection were obligatory. The preferred anesthetic procedure was an intravenous high-dose opioid infusion (Fentanil 50 microg, bolus infusion until a minimum dose of 10 microg/kg). Generous scalp and periosteous infiltrations were performed. Functional cortical mapping was performed in every case. Continuous somato-sensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and phase reversal localization were available in 48 cases. Standard microsurgical techniques were performed and monitored by continuous clinical evaluation. RESULTS: Clinical data showed differences in time since clinical onset (p < 0.001), slowness of thought (p = 0.02) and @entity2414 (p < 0.001) between study periods and also time since recent @entity410 onset for groups I and II (p = 0.001). Mean @entity5 volume was 51.2 +/- 48.7 cm3 and was not different among the four groups. The mean extent of @entity5 reduction was 90.0 +/- 12.7% and was similar for the whole series. A trend toward a larger incidence of @entity463 multiforme occurred in group B (p = 0.05) and I (p = 0.04). Recovery of previous motor deficits was observed in 75.0% of @entity1 , while motor worsening in 8.9% of cases. Recovery of semantic language deficits, control of refractory @entity410 and motor worsening were statistically more frequent in group B (p = 0.01). Satisfaction with the procedure was reported by 89.9% of @entity1 , which was similar for all groups. Clinical complications were minimal, and surgical mortality was 1.3%. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that FAC is safe and effective for the resection of PSBT in EBA as the main technique, and in a multidisciplinary context is associated with greater clinical and physiological monitoring. The previous history of craniotomy for PSBT did not seem to influence the outcome.

title: Outcome of fully awake craniotomy for lesions near the eloquent cortex: analysis of a prospective surgical series of 79 supratentorial primary XXXX with long follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['supratentorial brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: The effect of radiation therapy combined with lymphoid cells against spontaneous @entity19 @entity1492 (FSa-II) was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo experiment, syngeneic C3H @entity19 were divided into 3 groups. Animals in the first group were injected with 1 x 10(5) @entity5 cells into the right hind leg. Animals in the second and third groups were injected with 1 x 10(5) @entity5 cells mixed with 1 x 10(7) normal lymphoid cells (NLC) or effector lymphoid cells (ELC), respectively. ELC were obtained from spleen and lymph nodes of FSa-II-bearing @entity19 and incubated in vitro for 40 hr to eliminate suppressor T cell function. NLC were obtained from normal @entity19 and incubated in the same way. Irradiation was given using 137Cs unit 3 days after cell inoculation. 12 out of 14 @entity19 (85.7%) inoculated with @entity5 cells mixed with NLC did not show any @entity5 growth at 60 Gy local irradiation. 12 out of 21 @entity19 (57.1%) inoculated with @entity5 cells alone and 6 out of 10 (60%) with @entity5 cells mixed with ELC rejected @entity5 at the same radiation dose. This synergistic effect with NLC was not observed when NLC was inoculated after irradiation, indicating that lymphoid cells should be in contact with @entity5 cells before irradiation. In the 51Cr release assay, lymphoid cells obtained from whole body irradiated (WBI) @entity19 showed 17.8% lysis without irradiation and 28.8% lysis at 5 Gy irradiation. Untreated NLC showed almost no cytotoxic effect at the same radiation dose. This synergistic effect disappeared when WBI lymphoid cells were treated with anti asialo @entity11688 and complement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of radiation therapy combined with natural killer cells against spontaneous XXXX @entity1492 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Genetic outcross and backcross analysis of nonobese @entity6 (NOD/Lt) @entity19 with a related but @entity6 -resistant strain, nonobese normal (NON/Lt), has demonstrated that susceptibility to @entity1723 is controlled in a recessive fashion by multiple genetic loci, including one ( @entity27659 s) associated with H-2 on chromosome 17 and another ( @entity27660 s) associated with Thy-1b/Apoa-1b (formerly @entity19395 ) on chromosome 9. To analyze the separate pathogenic contributions of @entity27659 s and @entity27660 s, two distinct congenic stocks of NOD/Lt @entity19 homozygous on chromosomes 17 and 9 for NON/Lt linkage markers for the respective resistance alleles (Idd-1r and Idd-2r) were developed. The recessive nature of @entity27659 s was confirmed at the fifth backcross generation in that 83% of females and 29% of males homozygous for NOD H-2 haplotype developed @entity6 , whereas no @entity6 occurred in any of the @entity19 homozygous or heterozygous for the NON haplotype. However, codominant and recessive MHC-associated susceptibility genes in this congenic stock were indicated by the finding that at least one copy of the NOD/Lt MHC was required for insulitis development. Virtually no insulitis was detected in the pancreases of @entity19 homozygous for NON haplotype at 42 wk of age, whereas @entity11728 was present in 3 of 19 H-2 heterozygotes and in 7 of 7 @entity6 and 3 of 5 nondiabetic @entity19 homozygous for NOD haplotype. Further indication of the presence of MHC-associated codominant and recessive MHC-associated susceptibility genes was the observation that the NOD MHC haplotype correlated in a codominant fashion with a relative increase in the percentage of splenic T-lymphocytes bearing the Ly-2 surface marker. @entity21628 and concomitant high @entity6 occurred in all genotypic classes of congenic @entity19 carrying @entity3512 / @entity19395 linkage markers for either NOD or NON alleles at @entity27660 . Molecular analysis indicated that the NON-derived @entity27660 r resistance allele had been replaced by recombination with @entity27660 s from NOD. Restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis of two polymorphic markers proximal to @entity3512 , low-density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr and @entity10138 , a protooncogene, confirmed a recombinant chromosome 9, because homozygosity for NOD genomic fragments was found centromeric to an NON congenic segment of at least 20 centiMorgans spanning the @entity3512 and @entity27661 loci.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Genetic control of diabetogenesis in NOD/Lt XXXX . Development and analysis of congenic stocks.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes incidences', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity11728 :: ('MESH:D006362', 'Disease') :: ['heavy generalized insulitis']

entities_list: @entity21628 :: ('MESH:C536711', 'Disease') :: ['Severe insulitis']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The purpose of the present research was to examine the ontogeny of @entity734 in the neonatal @entity35 , using the forelimb-withdrawal response. Thresholds and latencies of the response, changing patterns of responding to shock stimuli, and @entity734 of the response were studied in @entity35 3 to 15 days of age. It was found that although response thresholds do not change during this period of development, response latencies decrease and amplitudes increase. Three- and 6-day old pups remain active much longer following shock than do 10- and 15day-olds. When compared for @entity734 to different frequencies of stimulation, 3-day-old @entity35 pups were found to be much more susceptible to @entity734 at low frequencies than 15-day-olds. Insertion of a simple intense shock in the @entity734 series produced marked dishabituation in the 3-day-olds but little or none in the 15-day-olds. This pattern of results was obtained regardless of the locus of the dishabituating shock. Analysis of response latencies showed that although 15-day-olds responded 2 to 3 times more quickly than 3-day-olds, both age groups responded more rapidly to a strong shock than to a weak one. During @entity734 , response amplitudes of both 3- and 15-day-old pups declined with no change in latency. Age-related differences in @entity734 were shown to be independent of differences in reactivity to shock and more likely due to the emergence of response sensitization.

title: Habituation of the forelimb-withdrawal response in neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['habituation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: One hundred and sixty nine @entity1 with early male pattern @entity1665 ( @entity1665 ) were treated in a random, double-blind fashion with either 2% @entity5491 solution or placebo vehicle for 24 weeks, one ml applied twice daily. After 24 weeks all @entity1 received the active solution until week 48. After 24 weeks the @entity5491 treated @entity1 had increased their non-vellus hair counts significantly more than the placebo treated group; means were 37.6 and 8.8 hairs per reference area, 95% C.I. for difference = 10.85 to 60.75. The rate of non-vellus hair regrowth was also greater among @entity5491 treated @entity1 than placebo treated @entity1 . Nine (12.5%) evaluable @entity5491 treated @entity1 compared with 2 (2.7%) evaluable placebo treated @entity1 reported moderate or dense hair regrowth at week 24. Minimal regrowth was reported by 18 (25%) active group and 15 (20%) placebo group @entity1 . The investigators considered that 3 (2%) of the @entity5491 group and none of the placebo group had moderate hair regrowth and that none had dense regrowth. After 48 weeks treatment 28 (23%) @entity1 considered that they had moderate hair regrowth and the investigators considered that 14 (12%) @entity1 had moderate regrowth. None had dense growth. No serious adverse reactions or @entity204 were reported. @entity5491 solution appeared to be an efficacious and safe treatment for early @entity1665 .

title: Australian trial of topical @entity5491 and placebo in early male pattern XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['baldness', 'androgenic alopecia']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil', 'Minoxidil']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['baldness']


abstract: An autopsy case of @entity5925 following homicidal intoxication of @entity7227 was reported and the toxicological mechanism of @entity10155 against skeletal muscles was discussed. The case was a 44 years old, previously healthy male, drinking a beverage containing PPD, prepared for a homicidal use. Total intake of PPD was about 3 g (63 mg/kg). Principal clinical manifestation of the @entity1 was @entity121 with @entity925 , initially developed in the lower extremities and subsequently extending to all over the skeletal muscles. Laboratory examinations disclosed high CPK (137,600), LDH (3895), GOT (3400) and @entity6283 (545), and @entity491 (26600), indicating massive @entity121 . ECG revealed @entity308 of ST junction in the II and aVF leads. Urine showed dark brownish discoloration and diminished in volume subsequently. Scattered @entity39 of muscular fibers was observed in a biopsy of the femoral muscles. The consciousness was rather clear during the course. The @entity1 collapsed suddenly and soon died in the course of about 30 hours. Clinically, the cause of @entity204 was thought to be @entity810 due to @entity5925 . Afterwards PPD was detected in the urine obtained in the hospital. Autopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis: Renal collecting ductules and distal tubules were occluded by dark brownish myoglobin casts and its epithelium massively necrotized; Skeletal muscles showed @entity39 and were partially associated with @entity32 .

title: [ @entity5925 due to XXXX (hair dye)--report of an autopsy case].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['mild depression']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'scatteredly coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['paraphenylenediamine']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal muscle necrosis', 'muscle rigor']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity7227 :: (MESH:C029728,Chemical) :: ['paraphenylenediamine']


abstract: We investigated whether dried cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) conserved on filter paper can be used as a substrate for accurate PCR diagnosis of important causes of @entity4008 in the Lao PDR. Using mock CSF, we investigated and optimized filter paper varieties, paper punch sizes, elution volumes and quantities of DNA template to achieve sensitive and reliable detection of bacterial DNA from filter paper specimens. FTA Elute Micro Card    (Whatman, Maidstone, UK) was the most sensitive, consistent and practical variety of filter paper. Following optimization, the lower limit of detection for @entity328 from dried mock CSF spots was 14 genomic equivalents (GE)/ L (interquartile range 5.5 GE/ L) or 230 (IQR 65) colony forming units/mL. A prospective clinical evaluation for @entity2260 , @entity11769 and @entity3631 was performed. Culture and PCR performed on fresh liquid CSF from @entity1 admitted with a clinical diagnosis of @entity693 (n = 73) were compared with results derived from dried CSF spots. Four of five fresh PCR-positive CSF samples also tested PCR positive from dried CSF spots, with one @entity1 under the limit of detection. In a retrospective study of @entity2260 samples (n = 20), the median (IQR; range) CSF @entity2260 bacterial load was 1.1   10(4) GE/ L (1.2   10(5) ; 1 to 6.1   10(6) DNA GE/ L). Utilizing the optimized methodology, we estimate an extrapolated sensitivity of 90%, based on the range of CSF genome counts found in Laos. Dried CSF filter paper spots could potentially help us to better understand the epidemiology of @entity4008 in resource-poor settings and guide empirical treatments and vaccination policies.

title: The use of dried cerebrospinal fluid filter paper spots as a substrate for PCR diagnosis of the aetiology of XXXX in the Lao PDR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of personalized peptide vaccination ( @entity2286 ) combined with chemotherapy for @entity1 with previously treated advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 and Methods. Previously treated PS0-1 @entity1 with IIIB/IV @entity470 ( @entity470 ) wild genotype @entity1149 were randomly assigned to @entity1205 (60   mg/m(2) on Day 1) plus @entity2286 based on preexisting host immunity or @entity1205 plus placebo. @entity1205 administration was repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression. Personalized peptides or placebo was injected subcutaneously weekly in the first 8 weeks and biweekly in subsequent 16 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results. @entity2286 related @entity137 was grade 2 or less skin reaction. The median PFS for placebo arm and @entity2286 arm was 52 days and 59 days, respectively. There was no significant difference between two arms by log-rank test (p = 0.42). Interestingly, PFS and overall survival (OS) in humoral immunological responder were significantly longer than those in nonresponder. Conclusion. @entity2286 did not improve the survival in combination with @entity1205 for previously treated advanced @entity1149 . However, @entity2286 may be efficacious for the humoral immunological responders and a further clinical investigation is needed.

title: Randomized Phase II Study of @entity1205 plus Personalized Peptide Vaccination versus XXXX plus Placebo for @entity1 with Previously Treated Advanced Wild Type @entity470 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: Abstract Aims: b-AP15 is a recently described inhibitor of the @entity34987 / @entity34988 deubiquitinases (DUBs) of the 19S proteasome. Exposure to b-AP15 results in blocking of proteasome function and accumulation of polyubiquitinated protein substrates in cells. This novel mechanism of proteasome inhibition may potentially be exploited for @entity5 therapy, in particular for treatment of @entity5 resistant to currently used proteasome inhibitors. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular response to b-AP15-mediated proteasome DUB inhibition. RESULTS: We report that b-AP15 elicits a similar, but yet distinct, cellular response as the clinically used proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 . b-AP15 induces a rapid apoptotic response, associated with enhanced induction of oxidative stress and rapid activation of Jun-N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK)/activating protein-1 signaling. Scavenging of reactive @entity26 species and pharmacological inhibition of JNK reduced b-AP15-induced apoptosis. We further report that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is induced by b-AP15 and is involved in apoptosis induction. In contrast to @entity1749 , ER stress is associated with induction of a-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 phosphorylation. INNOVATION: The findings establish that different modes of proteasome inhibition result in distinct cellular responses, a finding of potential therapeutic importance. CONCLUSION: Our data show that enhanced oxidative stress and ER stress are major determinants of the strong apoptotic response elicited by the 19S DUB inhibitor b-AP15. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 21, 2271-2285.

title: Induction of XXXX cell apoptosis by a proteasome deubiquitinase inhibitor is associated with oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 ( @entity263 ) produce factors that can serve as biomarkers for @entity5 metastasis and bone progression. Transduced GFP expression by @entity5 cells can be imaged to monitor therapy. We exploited both concepts by developing a GFP-expressing PCa cell line that expresses @entity4293 and studying it in an animal model of @entity5 with methods that assess the skeletal progression of this @entity5 . METHODS: We developed a GFP-producing PCa cell line by stable transduction of PC-3 PCa cells. This PC-3 variant was used to study @entity5 progression in an immunocompromised @entity19 model. Skeletal progression of the PCa cells and the effects of @entity5279 administration were evaluated radiologically, fluorometrically, and by measurement of serum @entity5 markers. RESULTS: The PC-3 cells produced extensive @entity79 when injected into the tibia of immunocompromised @entity19 . The skeletal progression of the PC-3 cells could be monitored by GFP optical imaging, X-ray, and by measurements of @entity5 products in serum, notably @entity4293 and @entity5299 . @entity5279 treatment reduced @entity5 burden as assessed at autopsy by imaging and biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5279 treatment exhibited anti- @entity5 effects that were reflected by decreases in serum @entity4293 , @entity5299 , and by GFP and radiological imaging procedures. Imaging of GFP expression enables real-time monitoring of @entity5 growth in the bone. @entity4293 and @entity5299 may be useful as @entity5 biomarkers for PCa that has metastasized to bone. This novel @entity1 PCa model can be used to study the clinical potential of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in the skeletal progression of @entity263 .

title: Monitoring of skeletal progression of @entity263 by GFP imaging, X-ray, and serum @entity5299 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCas', 'Prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate', 'Pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

answer: @entity4293 :: (5744,Gene) :: ['PTHrP']


abstract: Angiogenesis in @entity5 is important for @entity5 growth, invasion, and @entity3 . However, @entity7499 plays also an important role in @entity1583 . We have analyzed the expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in the leukemic blast cells and microvessel density (MVD) in the bone marrow biopsy samples of the @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Bone marrow MVD of the @entity1 with @entity981 was significantly higher compared with normal controls and complete remission (P<0.001), but slightly lower than in @entity1 with relapsed @entity981 (P>0.05). The bone marrow blast @entity7 expression was significantly higher in newly diagnosed @entity981 @entity1 , with predominant strong @entity7 expression as compared with complete remission @entity1 (who had negative or weak @entity7 expression) (P<0.05), whereas initial values were slightly lower than in relapsed @entity1 . There was a strong positive correlation between @entity7 expression and MVD at presentation of @entity981 . Stronger expression of @entity7 on blast cells indicates shorter overall survival in @entity981 . Furthermore, initial values of MVD had positive correlation with overall survival and @entity1778 -free survival (P=0.024 and P=0.017, respectively). Our data suggest that increased @entity7499 (confirmed by immunohistochemical expression of @entity7 in @entity1778 ), and MVD may play an important role in the pathophysiology of @entity981 with prognostic implications. Thus, targeting @entity7 pathway may bring the new approach for @entity981 treatment-using antiangiogenic drugs and @entity669 kinase inhibitors in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens.

title: Increased @entity7499 -associated poor outcome in XXXX : a single center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'leukemic blasts']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']