abstract: OBJECTIVES: Metabolomics-based diagnosis or prediction of risk may improve @entity1 outcomes and improve understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity656 ( @entity656 ). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a risk factor for developing @entity656 . This pilot study examined metabolomes of @entity1 before and after ERCP, hypothesizing that metabolomics could differentiate between @entity1 who did and did not develop post-ERCP @entity788 , and that biomarkers associated with development of @entity656 could be identified. METHODS: @entity1 at high risk for developing post-ERCP @entity788 were prospectively enrolled at the University of Minnesota from October 2012 to February 2014. Urine and serum samples were collected before ERCP, 2   h after ERCP, and daily thereafter if @entity1 were admitted to the hospital with @entity656 . @entity788 severity was calculated with Bedside Index for Severity in Acute @entity788 (BISAP) and Modified Glasgow scores. @entity1 who developed @entity656 (n=9) were matched to @entity1 who did not develop @entity656 (n=18) by age and gender. Urine and serum metabolites were profiled with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to detect changes in metabolic profiles associated with development of @entity788 . @entity209 were constructed to probe functional relationships among metabolites. RESULTS: Of the 113 enrolled @entity1 , 9 developed mild @entity656 according to BISAP and modified Glasglow scores. PLS-DA showed common differences between pre- and post-ERCP metabolic profiles in urine and serum regardless of @entity656 status, characterized by increases in serum and urine @entity16623 and serum @entity413 . Pre-ERCP lipase levels were somewhat elevated in those who went on to develop @entity656 , though this did not reach statistical significance. @entity209 differed between @entity1 with @entity656 and those without after ERCP; however, metabolomics did not identify specific prognostic or diagnostic markers of ERCP-induced @entity656 . @entity5906 and @entity2734 were identified as well-connected hubs in post-ERCP serum networks of cases and were correlated with @entity5906 transaminase (AST) and white blood cell count levels. These features were not evident in controls. Serum @entity5906 was elevated in @entity656 @entity1 relative to those without @entity656 after ERCP (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, ERCP was found to induce global changes in urine and serum metabolomes indicative of alterations in pancreatic function and insulin resistance. This should be taken into consideration in future research on this topic. Post-ERCP serum metabolic networks indicate functional differences surrounding @entity5906 metabolism between @entity1 with @entity656 and those without. Further study must be done in larger @entity1 populations to test elevated lipase as a prognostic biomarker associated with risk of developing @entity656 and to examine active metabolic mechanisms at work.

title: Stereotypical Metabolic Response to Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Show Alterations in Pancreatic Function Regardless of Post-Procedure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5906 :: ('D001224', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate', 'Aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic networks']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: Recent findings by Weissman, Klerman, Markowitz, and Ouellette (1989) that subjects with @entity4697 , with and without comorbid conditions, may be at increased risk for suicide attempts have been controversial. In an attempt to further investigate this finding, we utilized the original National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) suicide questions in an outpatient @entity146 clinic. We examined @entity1 with @entity4697 (n = 101). other @entity148 (n = 47), @entity161 (n = 22). and major @entity308 (n = 19). No significant differences were found among all four groups on any of the ECA suicide ideation questions. Only two (2%) of the @entity4697 @entity1 and none of the other groups made a suicide attempt in the past year. While 17% of @entity1 with @entity4697 and 9% of @entity1 with other @entity148 reported having made a suicide attempt at some other time in their life, the @entity161 (33%) and @entity308 groups (40%) reported significantly greater histories of suicide attempts. In a forward stepwise regression analysis for @entity4697 @entity1 , a history of @entity734 and comorbid @entity308 predicted suicidality. The actual clinical risk for suicide attempts in @entity4697 @entity1 appears to occur when they suffer with comorbid diagnoses. These results highlight the need to aggressively treat @entity4697 @entity1 so they do not suffer the all-too-common sequelae of @entity308 and @entity734 .

title: Suicidality in @entity4697 : a comparison with @entity161 , @entity308 , and other XXXX outpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited information is available as to whether local cellular immunity in early-onset @entity2521 (EOP) subjects harboring @entity3841 (Aa) differs from that in @entity1 without Aa. In addition, the effect of scaling and root planing on various lymphocyte subsets is described rather sparsely. METHODS: In 10 subjects with early-onset @entity2521 harboring Aa (EOP-Aa) and in 10 subjects without Aa (EOP-nonAa), clinical measurements were recorded and gingival biopsies were performed before and after scaling and root planing. The specimens were cut into serial sections; using the alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase technique, monoclonal antibodies to @entity2225 (B cells), @entity5823 (plasma cells), and CD45RO (T-memory cells) were applied as well as polyclonal antibodies to alpha, gamma, and mu chains (Ig A, G, and M). Cells were counted from an area of 0.25 mm2 in areas showing the largest infiltration. RESULTS: Before therapy, mean counts of all cell phenotypes were found to be markedly enhanced in the EOP-Aa group compared to EOP-nonAa subjects. Following scaling and root planing, the numbers of all phenotypes decreased in both groups. However, comparing the data before and after therapy in the EOP-Aa group, the P value was <0.05 only for @entity5823 -positive cells. In the EOP-nonAa group, the differences before and after therapy reached statistical significance (P<0.05) for all cell counts, except for IgM-positive cells. Furthermore, reduction of probing depth and gain of clinical attachment reached the 0.05 level of statistical significance only in EOP-nonAa subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In EOP subjects harboring Aa, inflammatory cell subsets were detected in 2- to 3-fold higher numbers compared to @entity1 without Aa. Scaling and root planing resulted in a decrease of all cell phenotypes studied in individuals without Aa, whereas in subjects with Aa, the only significant decrease that was seen occurred in plasma cells.

title: Some effects of non-surgical therapy on gingival inflammatory cell subsets in @entity1 with early-onset @entity2521 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity3841 :: (714,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9384 ( @entity9384 ) are a functional @entity1740 associated with voice misuse and abuse in @entity1 . There are few reports addressing vocal parameters in @entity1 with @entity9384 , especially after a period of vocal rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to describe measurements of vocal parameters including Fundamental Frequency (FF), Shimmer (S), and Jitter (J), videonasolaryngoscopy examination and clinical perceptual assessment, before and after voice therapy in @entity1 with @entity9384 . Voice therapy was provided using visual support through Speech-Viewer software. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity9384 were studied. An acoustical analysis of voice was performed and compared with data from subjects from a control group matched by age and gender. Also, clinical perceptual assessment of voice and videonasolaryngoscopy were performed to all @entity1 with @entity9384 . After a period of voice therapy, provided with visual support using Speech Viewer-III (SV-III-IBM) software, new acoustical analyses, perceptual assessments and videonasolaryngoscopies were performed. RESULTS: Before the onset of voice therapy, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in mean FF, S and J, between the @entity1 with @entity9384 and subjects from the control group. After the voice therapy period, a significant improvement (p<0.05) was found in all acoustic voice parameters. Moreover, perceptual voice analysis demonstrated improvement in all cases. Finally, videonasolaryngoscopy demonstrated that vocal nodules were no longer discernible on the vocal folds in any of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: SV-III software seems to be a safe and reliable method for providing voice therapy in @entity1 with @entity9384 . Acoustic voice parameters, perceptual data and videonasolaryngoscopy were significantly improved after the speech therapy period was completed.

title: Voice parameters and videonasolaryngoscopy in XXXX with vocal nodules: a longitudinal study, before and after voice therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice disorder']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['VN', 'Vocal Nodules']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intra-operative photodynamic therapy has been applied with acridine orange (AO-PDT) to @entity1 musculoskeletal sarcomas for the past 4 years, resulting in a low local recurrence rate, within 10%, after intra-marginal @entity5 resection and excellent limb function. However, it is still unclear why @entity9186 (AO) specifically accumulates in @entity5 cells, especially in @entity5 cells. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of AO accumulation in @entity85 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-two @entity85 , including 35 malignant and 27 @entity5 , were studied. Using freshly resected @entity5 material, the extracellular pH (pHe) was measured and the fluorescence intensity of AO accumulated in the @entity5 was measured by an image analyzer after ex vivo exposure to 1.0 microg/ml AO, followed by blue excitation. In the in vitro study, @entity7999 was exposed to @entity1 @entity19 @entity421 cells, in order to inhibit V-ATPase, subsequently causing a decrease in the pHgradient (deltapH) between the intracellular pH (pHi) and extracellular pH (pHe) or between the pHi and the pHe. AO accumulation and the cytocidal effect of AO were evaluated. RESULTS: The results of the in vivo study, using @entity1 materials freshly resected at surgery, revealed that the pHe of the @entity85 was significantly lower than that of the @entity5 and normal muscles or adipose tissues and also showed that the AO fluorescence intensity of the @entity85 was significantly stronger than that of the @entity5 and normal muscles or adipose tissues. The results also revealed that the AO fluorescence intensity negatively correlated with the pHe in @entity5 and normal tissues. The in vitro study showed that @entity7999 inhibited the accumulation of AO in acidic organelles, such as lysosomes, and that the cytocidal effect of AO-PDT was also remarkably inhibited. DISCUSSION: Based on results of the in vivo and in vitro studies, it is suggested that @entity85 have a large deltapH between the pHi and the pHe or between the pHi and the vaculolar pH and also that a large @entity19510 increases AO accumulation in @entity5 . We, therefore, believe that AO-PDT may be more effective in highly @entity85 than low grade ones, because of their acidity. CONCLUSION: AO accumulation in @entity85 was dependent on the @entity19510 between the pHi and the pHe, or between the pHi and the vacuolar pH.

title: Acridine orange used for photodynamic therapy accumulates in XXXX depending on pH gradient.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal tumors', 'malignant musculoskeletal tumors']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

entities_list: @entity7999 :: ('MESH:C040929', 'Chemical') :: ['bafilomycin A1']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['malignant musculoskeletal tumors']


abstract: The anti-skin aging effects of @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) have been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo models. Accumulating data suggest that @entity3090 possesses important antioxidant and photoprotective properties. Our previous study demonstrated that heat exposure induces cutaneous angiogenesis and inflammatory cellular infiltration, disrupts the dermal extracellular matrix by inducing matrix metalloproteinases, and alters dermal structural proteins, thereby causing premature skin aging. In the present study, we examined whether @entity3090 may inhibit expression of @entity3334 in heat-stimulated @entity1 dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, we investigated the inhibitory mechanism of @entity3090 on heat-induced @entity3334 expression. Western blot analysis and @entity3334 promoter assay revealed that @entity3090 markedly inhibited @entity1457 -induced @entity3334 expression in @entity1 dermal fibroblasts. In addition, we found that @entity1457 increased AP-1 DNA binding activity, and @entity1178 was found to be increased mostly by heat stimulation in a supershift assay, which were suppressed by @entity3090 treatment. Also, in Western blotting, @entity3090 significantly inhibited the heat-induced expression of AP-1 constituent proteins, @entity1178 , @entity11346 and @entity1639 . These results demonstrated that @entity3090 has abilities to inhibit heat-induced collagenolytic @entity3334 production via interfering with AP-1 pathways. Therefore, we propose that @entity3090 may be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment for @entity1457 -induced skin aging (thermal skin aging).

title: XXXX prevents @entity1457 -induced @entity3334 expression by inhibiting AP-1 activity in @entity1 dermal fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vaccinations are preventive measures against serious infections. In relation to the number of vaccinations per year, the incidence of severe complications is extremely low. @entity1 : Two weeks after vaccinations against @entity99 , @entity1956 and @entity22073 in preparation for a trip to Africa a 21-year-old @entity1 experienced an acute and irreversible @entity2194 . Whereas vision acuity did not recover the @entity1019 disappeared within 6 weeks. Cerebrospinal fluid showed a lymphocytic pleocytosis. Oligoglonale bands were absent. Pathological parameters were not presented in the serum. The MRI showed a hyperintense thickening of optic nerve,as well as a hyperintense focus in right temporal side using the T(2)W-Sequence. CONCLUSION: Only few cases have been reported with @entity16 , such as @entity198 , following vaccinations each of the above mentioned. As no other causes for the @entity32 were found, the optic nerve involvement must have been caused by the vaccination. Which of the three vaccinations caused @entity198 can not be classified.

title: [Neuritis of the optic nerve after vaccinations against @entity99 , @entity1956 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision to 0,05 and nasal visual field defect in the left eye']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity22073 :: ('MESH:D015004', 'Disease') :: ['yellow fever']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A']

answer: @entity22073 :: (MESH:D015004,Disease) :: ['yellow fever']


abstract: @entity2498 ( @entity2498 ) have played a key role in @entity1 societies throughout history, with important cultural significance and as a source of food and materials. This relationship can be traced back to the earliest @entity1 cultures and continues to the present day. @entity1 are thought to be responsible for the movement of a considerable number of deer throughout history, although the majority of these movements are poorly described or understood. Studying such translocations allows us to better understand ancient @entity1 -wildlife interactions, and in the case of island colonizations, informs us about ancient @entity1 maritime practices. This study uses DNA sequences to characterise @entity2498 genetic diversity across the Scottish islands (Inner and Outer Hebrides and Orkney) and mainland using ancient deer samples, and attempts to infer historical colonization events. We show that deer from the Outer Hebrides and Orkney are unlikely to have originated from mainland Scotland, implying that @entity1 introduced @entity2498 from a greater distance. Our results are also inconsistent with an origin from Ireland or Norway, suggesting long-distance maritime travel by Neolithic @entity1 to the outer Scottish Isles from an unknown source. Common haplotypes and low genetic differentiation between the Outer Hebrides and Orkney imply common ancestry and/or gene flow across these islands. Close genetic proximity between the Inner Hebrides and Ireland, however, corroborates previous studies identifying mainland Britain as a source for @entity2498 introductions into Ireland. This study provides important information on the processes that led to the current distribution of the largest surviving indigenous land @entity1 in the British Isles.

title: Colonization of the Scottish islands via long-distance Neolithic transport of XXXX ( @entity2498 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'mammal', 'people', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity2498 :: ('9860', 'Species') :: ['Cervus elaphus', 'Red deer', 'red deer']

answer: @entity2498 :: (9860,Species) :: ['red deer']


abstract: Heat acclimatisation/acclimation involves a complex of adaptations which includes @entity1168 , rectal temperature, perceived exertion as well as increased plasma volume and sweat rate. These adaptations serve to reduce physiological strain, improve an athlete's ability to exercise in a hot environment, and reduce the incidence of some forms of @entity221 . Few differences exist in the ability of @entity1 and @entity1 to acclimatise to heat. Typically, older runners do not perform in the heat as well as younger runners, but physical training can negate differences between these groups. Hormonal adaptations (e.g. @entity1369 , vasopressin) during @entity6167 encourage fluid-electrolyte retention and cardiovascular stability. Athletes with high maximal aerobic power (VO2max) acclimatise to heat faster (and lose adaptations slower when they are inactive in a cool environment) than athletes with low VO2max values. Physical training in a cool environment improves physiological responses to exercise at high ambient temperatures. In attempting to optimise @entity6167 , athletes should maintain fluid-electrolyte balance, exercise at intensities greater than 50% VO2max for 10 to 14 days, and avoid factors (e.g. sleep loss, @entity166 ) which are known to reduce heat tolerance. Once acclimatisation has been achieved, inactivity results in a decay of favourable adaptations, after only a few days or weeks.

title: The induction and decay of XXXX in trained athletes.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['heat acclimatisation']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['heat illness']

answer: @entity6167 :: (MESH:D018883,Disease) :: ['heat acclimatisation']


abstract: Urine flow, @entity1372 excretion, mean arterial blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined in the conscious unrestrained @entity35 infused with @entity2421 saline. The effects of vasopressin infused at 24 and 160 pmol/min and @entity398 infused at 30 and 200 pmol/min were determined. The lower doses of each hormone gave plasma concentrations within the physiological range whereas the higher doses produced plasma concentrations equivalent to those seen following dehydration. @entity1951 produced dose-dependent antidiuretic and natriuretic responses. Hormone infused at both rates increased the clearance of @entity1372 , but only the higher dose caused a significant increase in GFR. Fractional excretion of @entity1372 was significantly elevated by both doses. @entity398 produced dose-dependent diuretic and natriuretic responses. Again both rates of infusion increased the clearance of @entity1372 , but only the higher dose caused a significant increase in GFR. The lower dose caused a significant increase in the fractional excretion of @entity1372 . It appears, therefore, that increases in GFR may have a role in the natriuretic response to both hormones. However, this response can also be seen when GFR remains unchanged. This fact, together with the observed increases in the fractional excretion of @entity1372 , indicates that these hormones have additional tubular actions.

title: The effect of @entity1951 and @entity398 on glomerular filtration rate in the conscious XXXX : contribution to the natriuretic response.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['Vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To audit the information content of pathology reports of oesophageal and @entity356 resection specimens in Wales. METHODS: All such reports from the 16 NHS histopathology laboratories in Wales in a one year period were evaluated for their information content. Two standards were used: (1) best practice reporting, and (2) a minimum dataset required for informed @entity1 management that included clear statements on histological @entity5 type, depth of @entity5 invasion, lymph node involvement, and completeness of excision. RESULTS: 282 reports were audited. Minimum standards were achieved in 77% of gastric resections (156/203) and 53% of oesophageal resections (42/79). All laboratories achieved minimum standards in some @entity356 reports (range 50-100%); three laboratories did not achieve minimum standards in any @entity5 reports (range 0-100%). Best practice reporting was achieved in only 20% of gastric and 18% of @entity5 reports. Failure to include an explicit statement on completeness of excision or involvement of the oesophageal circumferential resection margin were the most frequent causes of inadequate reporting. Most other data items were generally well reported, but apparent inadvertent omission of just one item was noted in many of the substandard reports. CONCLUSIONS: This audit shows the need to improve the information content of pathology reports in @entity356 . The widespread implementation of template proforma reporting is proposed as the most effective way of achieving this. Multidisciplinary meetings of clinicians involved in @entity5 management should provide a forum for greater communication between pathologists and surgeons, and help to maintain standards of pathological practice.

title: Oesophageal and XXXX pathology reporting: a regional audit.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric and oesophageal cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Although ring @entity130 are not common, when they do occur their management is still a challenging problem in reconstructive surgery. In this report, we present our microsurgical experiences with Kay's class III and IV ring @entity130 . A total of six @entity1 with ring @entity130 were operated on between 2000 and 2004. Three @entity1 were in class III with @entity455 , and the remaining three were in class IV. The study consisted of four male and two female @entity1 whose ages ranged from 23 to 43 (mean age 32). Average ischaemic time was 2.2 h (range 1-4 h). The ring finger was involved in all cases and microsurgical repair was performed using axillary block anaesthesia. The bone was detached at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint and soft tissues at the proximal phalanx level with the preserved proximal interphalangeal joint and flexor digitorum superficialis tendon in all cases. Because the zone of injury is more extensive, we debrided the avulsed digital artery over a long distance, and used long interpositional vein grafts radically in all @entity1 . @entity1211 was accomplished by performing at least two vein anastomoses using vein grafts when necessary. Both digital nerves were repaired primarily after debridement. Results indicated that microsurgical repair had a success rate of 100%. The authors conclude that microsurgical reconstruction of ring @entity130 with intact proximal interphalangeal joint and flexor digitorum superficialis tendon yields superior results, both functionally and aesthetically, even in complete amputation.

title: Unique superiority of microsurgical repair technique with its functional and aesthetic outcomes in ring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['inadequacy of both arterial and venous circulation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion injuries']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous drainage']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['avulsion injuries']


abstract: Although multicentric @entity12692 is a rare but life-threatening @entity2194 are extremely uncommon. We present a case of refractory @entity1596 accompanied with @entity12692 successfully treated with tocilizumab. A 58-year-old @entity1 with @entity12692 was introduced for refractory @entity1596 to Chiba University Hospital. Large cells were detected in the anterior chamber and increased vascular permeability of retinal vessels has been found in both eyes. Although the @entity1 was treated with oral and eye drop @entity134 treatment, the @entity1596 symptoms had not decreased. The serum levels of CRP and @entity650 were increased. The level of @entity650 concentration in the anterior chamber was the same as the serum level of @entity650 . The humanized anti- @entity650 receptor-antibody (tocilizumab) was administrated for the @entity1 because of poor general condition. After tocilizumab treatment, large cells in the anterior chamber were undetectable and vascular permeability was improved in FA. The serum levels of CRP and @entity650 decreased and the general condition improved. The side effect of tocilizumab was not observed during the treatment. Tocilizumab treatment was significantly effective for @entity1596 accompanied with @entity12692 . Although it is extremely rare, @entity1596 accompanied with @entity12692 may be one of the hallmarks to consider tocilizumab treatment.

title: Refractory @entity1596 in XXXX with @entity12692 successfully treated with tocilizumab.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['disease, eye complications']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['Castleman disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is increasingly performed as an alternative to oral anticoagulation (OAC) in @entity1 with nonvalvular @entity955 ( @entity955 ). We sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of treating OAC contraindicated @entity1 with LAAC compared with @entity117 alone. METHODS: A probabilistic @entity1 -level Markov microsimulation model with a lifetime horizon was performed to assess the discounted lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of LAAC compared with @entity117 for @entity1 with @entity955 with contraindications to OAC. Baseline characteristics were based on a published multicenter Canadian LAAC experience. Clinical events included @entity64 , @entity548 , @entity583 , and procedure-related complications. Event rates for @entity64 and @entity548 were based on the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores. The relative efficacies of LAAC and @entity117 , as well as utility scores, were obtained from the published literature. Canadian procedural and long-term costs were obtained from the Ontario Case Costing Initiative and the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. RESULTS: @entity117 was less effective than LAAC (4.25    0.53 vs 4.66    0.34 quality-adjusted life years, respectively). The average discounted lifetime cost was CAD 30,748    11,600 for LAAC and  38,974    18,783 for @entity117 . Thus, LAAC was dominant, being more effective and less expensive. Our results were robust with a relatively low degree of uncertainty, as LAAC was the preferred option in more than 90% of simulations at a willingness-to-pay threshold of  50,000. CONCLUSIONS: LAAC is a novel @entity64 preventative therapy for nonvalvular @entity955 and is a cost-effective alternative to @entity117 in @entity1 with contraindications to OAC.

title: Cost-Effectiveness of Left Atrial Appendage Closure for XXXX Prevention in @entity955 @entity1 With Contraindications to Anticoagulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: While it is well established that obstacle crossing is impaired following @entity64 , it is not known whether obstacle crossing improves as gait improves following @entity64 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether obstacle crossing changed over a one month time period in @entity1 with a @entity64 . Twenty @entity1 receiving rehabilitation following a @entity64 were tested on two occasions one month apart. @entity1 received usual care rehabilitation, including physiotherapy, between the tests. The main outcome measure was obstacle crossing speed as @entity1 stepped over a 4-cm high obstacle. Secondary measures were spatiotemporal variables. Data were collected via a three dimensional motion analysis system. When leading with the affected limb no changes in obstacle crossing speed or spatiotemporal variables were observed over the one month period. When leading with the unaffected limb, crossing speed significantly increased (p=.002), and affected @entity2205 limb swing time (p=.03) and crossing step double support time reduced (p=.016). While not significant, the lead and @entity2205 limb pre-obstacle distance increased (p=.08), and lead swing time (p=.052) reduced. Change in obstacle crossing speed did not correlate with change in level gait speed. Obstacle crossing does not necessarily improve over a one month time period in @entity1 receiving rehabilitation following @entity64 . These findings suggest that there may be a need for more targeted training of obstacle crossing, particularly when leading with the affected limb.

title: Obstacle crossing following XXXX improves over one month when the unaffected limb leads, but not when the affected limb leads.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'recent stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report the 3-month efficacy of monthly intravitreal ziv-aflibercept in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Prospectively, consecutive @entity1 with @entity6 underwent intravitreal injection of 0.05   ml of compounded ziv-aflibercept (1.25   mg) from March 2015 to November 2015. Monitoring of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), @entity32 , @entity231 progression and retinal structure by spectral domain optical coherence tomography was carried out at baseline, 1   week, 1   month, 2   months and 3   months after 3   monthly injections. RESULTS: A total of 17 eyes (11 right eyes and 6 left eyes) were treated. The @entity1 were divided into 10 Caucasians and 6 Indians, 11 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , and had a mean age of 61.5 years. Five eyes were treatment-na  ve cases and 12 eyes were treatment non- @entity4024  ve with last treatment received at least more than 4-month interval. Mean BCVA in log MAR (equivalent Snellen visual acuity) improved from baseline 0.70 (20/100) to 0.49 (20/60) at 1   month, 0.43 (20/50) at 2   months and 0.42 (20/50) at 3   months (p   <=    0.003). Central macular thickness decreased from mean baseline 517.5 to 388.1    m at 1 week, 355.4    m at 1   month, 351.4    m at 2 months and 322.2    m at 3   months (p   <=    0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Off-label use of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept improves visual acuity, without detectable @entity2194 or systemic side effects in @entity6 . It offers a less expensive alternative to the approved intravitreal aflibercept (Eylea), especially in the low/middle-income countries and in countries where Eylea is not available.

title: Three-month outcome of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept in eyes with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DME', 'diabetic macular oedema']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular oedema']


abstract: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knees is a functionally limiting disability. Physical therapy (PT) is considered a useful treatment for @entity571 , although evidence is qualitative. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure the effects of a 3-month PT program (n = 40; 20 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 ) with knee @entity571 . Muscle function and functional assessment parameters were measured. All data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in handgrip strength and endurance, limb volume, or angular velocity after PT. Maximal muscle length was significantly increased. Muscle strength significantly increased for the hamstrings (9% and 19%) and @entity121 (8% and 24%) for the @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Endurance improved for the @entity121 (26% and 39%) and hamstrings (18% and 28%) for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Functionally, there were significant improvements in the ability to climb stairs, rise from a chair, and walk. Walking time (50 ft) and the difficulty and @entity158 of performing various activities decreased. Most improvements had occurred after 1 month of PT. For the first time, the effects of a PT program have been quantitatively measured for @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Quantitative effects of physical therapy on muscular and functional performance in subjects with XXXX of the knees.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Proteo-b-glucan from Maitake (PGM) is a strong immune regulator, and its receptor is called @entity39379 . Cumulative evidence suggests that @entity140 receptors are important for the treatment of @entity308 . Here, we report that PGM treatment leads to a significant antidepressant effect in the tail suspension test and forced swim test after sixty minutes of treatment in @entity19 . After five consecutive days of PGM treatment, this antidepressant effect remained. PGM treatment did not show a hyperactive effect in the open field test. PGM significantly enhanced the expression of its receptor @entity39379 , as well as p- @entity9446 (S845) and @entity9446 , but not @entity9449 or @entity9445 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after five days of treatment. The @entity39379 inhibitor @entity26538 was able to block the antidepressant effect of PGM. At the synapses of PFC, PGM treatment significantly up-regulated the p- @entity9446 (S845), @entity9446 , @entity9449 , and @entity9445 levels. Moreover, PGM's antidepressant effects and the increase of p- @entity9446 (S845)/ @entity9446 lasted for 3 days after stopping treatment. The @entity140 -specific antagonist @entity18713 was able to block the antidepressant effect of PGM. This study identified PGM as a novel antidepressant with clinical potential and a new antidepressant mechanism for regulating prefrontal @entity39379 / @entity140 receptor signalling.

title: The Prefrontal XXXX / @entity140 Receptor Signaling Pathway Mediates The Robust and Prolonged Antidepressant Effect of Proteo-b-Glucan from Maitake.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity26538 :: ('MESH:C008247', 'Chemical') :: ['Laminarin']

answer: @entity39379 :: (56644(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Dectin-1']


abstract: Nanofiltration (NF) is a well-established process used in drinking water production to effectively remove Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and organic micropollutants. The presence of NOM has been shown to have contrasting results on micropollutant retention by NF membranes and removal mechanisms are to date poorly understood. The permeate water quality can therefore vary during operation and its decrease would be an undesired outcome for potable water treatment. It is hence important to establish the mechanisms involved in the removal of organic micropollutants by NF membranes in the presence of NOM. In this study, the retention mechanisms of pesticide @entity1304 (ES) in the presence of @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) by two NF membranes, TFC-SR2 and TFC-SR3, a "loose" and a "tight" membrane, respectively, were elucidated. The results showed that two mechanisms were involved: (1) the formation of ES- @entity7245 complexes (solute-solute interactions), determined from solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), increased ES retention, and (2) the interactions between @entity7245 and the membrane (solute-membrane interactions) increased membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) and decreased ES retention. @entity7245 concentration, pH, and the ratio between micropollutant molecular weight (MW) and membrane MWCO were shown to influence ES retention mechanisms. In the absence of @entity7245 -membrane interactions at pH 4, an increase of @entity7245 concentration increased ES retention from 60% to 80% for the TFC-SR2 and from 80% to 95% for the TFC-SR3 due to ES- @entity7245 complex formation. At pH 8, interactions between @entity7245 and the loose TFC-SR2 increased the membrane MWCO from 460 to 496 g/mol and ES retention decreased from 55% to 30%, as @entity7245 -membrane interactions were the dominant mechanism for ES retention. In contrast, for the "tight" TFC-SR3 membrane the increase in the MWCO (from 165 to 179 g/mol), was not sufficient to decrease ES retention which was dominated by ES- @entity7245 interactions. Quantification of the contribution of both solute-solute interactions and solute-membrane interactions is hence fundamental in understanding the removal mechanisms of micropollutant by NF membranes in the presence of NOM in order to optimize the treatment process.

title: Retention of pesticide XXXX by nanofiltration: influence of organic matter-pesticide complexation and solute-membrane interactions.

entities_list: @entity1304 :: ('MESH:D004726', 'Chemical') :: ['Endosulfan']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['HA', 'humic acids']

answer: @entity1304 :: (MESH:D004726,Chemical) :: ['Endosulfan']


abstract: INTRODUCTION/HYPOTHESIS: Stress incontinence with @entity3133 is less common in @entity1 with @entity3134 (rectocele) compared with those with @entity1347 (cystocele). METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a cohort of prospectively enrolled @entity1 with symptomatic @entity3577 at or beyond the hymen and prolapse-reduced stress @entity322 (SUI) testing. Subjects were included if they had anterior- or @entity3134 with at least a 1 cm difference in @entity3577 quantification (POP-Q) points Ba and Bp (N   =   214). We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of post-reduction SUI between the two groups. RESULTS: Comparing posterior (n   =   45) and anterior (n   =   169) prolapse groups, we identified similar rates of post-reduction SUI (posterior: 6/45, 13.3 %; anterior:18/169, 10.7 %; p   =   0.52) and SUI without reduction (posterior:4.4 %; anterior:11.2 %; p   =   0.26). Maximum prolapse size was slightly larger in anterior than in posterior @entity1 (+3.1 vs +2.0 cm beyond the hymen, p   =   0.001), while a higher proportion of posterior subjects reported a prior hysterectomy (p   =   0.04). Among posterior subjects, lower maximum urethral closure pressure values (MUCP; p   =   0.02) were associated with post-reduction SUI. In contrast, among @entity1347 , larger prolapse measured at POP-Q point Ba (p   =   0.003) and maximum POP-Q measurement (p   =   0.006) were each associated with higher rates of post-reduction SUI and were highly correlated with each other (R   =   0.90). CONCLUSIONS: We observed similar rates of post-reduction SUI in @entity1 with @entity3577 . Factors affecting the anterior and posterior prolapse groups differed, suggesting different mechanisms of continence protection. These findings suggest that reduction incontinence testing for operative planning would be as relevant to posterior-predominant prolapses as it is to anterior prolapse.

title: Post-reduction stress XXXX rates in posterior versus anterior @entity3577 : a secondary analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior-predominant prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3134 :: ('MESH:D011391', 'Disease') :: ['posterior-predominant prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3133 :: ('MESH:D014596', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal prolapse reduction']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse', 'anterior- and posterior-predominant pelvic organ prolapse']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: We have shown in previous studies that metastatically-competent variant subpopulations (B5, C1) derived from a non-metastatic @entity19 mammary adenocarcinoma ( @entity10591 ) have a pronounced growth advantage over their non-metastatic @entity5 cell counterparts in @entity5 . As a result, @entity5 can be progressively overgrown by cells having the competence to spread elsewhere in the body. This occurs despite any evidence to indicate an intrinsic in vivo growth rate advantage of the metastatic cells when grown as isolated populations. This suggested that cell-cell interactions between metastatic and non-metastatic @entity5 populations may be involved in the metastatic cell growth dominance process. Evidence was therefore sought for growth factors released by @entity10591 cells which could preferentially stimulate the B5 or C1 variants and thereby mediate this cell-cell interaction process. We found that cocultures of @entity10591 and C1 or B5 cells with irradiated C1, B5, or @entity10591 "feeder" cells showed significant stimulation of C1 and B5 by @entity10591 "feeder" cells. Cell growth stimulation in response to EGF, @entity13898 , @entity641 , @entity10245 , PDGF, NGF, @entity7424 , or @entity10247 demonstrated that only @entity641 could duplicate this effect. A repeat of the coculture experiment in the presence of specific neutralizing anti- @entity641 antibodies was therefore undertaken and this was found to markedly reduce the stimulation of C1 or B5 cells by irradiated @entity10591 cells. Conditioned media from the @entity10591 and C1 cell lines was quantitated for @entity641 activity and contained 4.5 ng/ml and 2.0 ng/ml, respectively. However, the majority of the @entity641 released by @entity10591 cells was found to be spontaneously active, whereas 70% of the @entity641 released by C1 cells was in its latent form. Scatchard analysis revealed approximately four times the number of @entity641 receptors, of similar type and affinity, present on C1 as compared with @entity10591 cells. The in vitro results support the hypothesis that active @entity641 released by @entity10591 cells may stimulate the proliferation of metastatic variant cells in a paracrine like fashion. In vivo evidence for this was obtained by showing that coinjection of irradiated @entity10591 cells could selectively stimulate @entity5 growth of viable C1 cells and this effect was markedly diminished by neutralizing polyclonal anti- @entity641 antibodies. Taken together, the results suggest a novel role for @entity641 in clonal evolution of @entity5 growth and as a molecular mediator of @entity5 cell- @entity5 cell interactions involved in facilitating @entity5 progression.

title: Reduction of @entity641 activity abrogates growth promoting XXXX cell-cell interactions in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignant tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity50265 ( @entity50265 ) is @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We constructed a recombinant immunotoxin, HN3-mPE24, which contains a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. The toxin portion lacks most of domain II and has seven point mutations in domain III to remove the B-cell epitopes thought to be responsible for causing off-target side effects and immunogenicity. We also fused a bivalent HN3 to mPE24. We tested these two molecules for @entity50265 binding and @entity137 in @entity157 cell models. The KD values of HN3-mPE24 and HN3-HN3-mPE24 for @entity50265 -expressing @entity5 cells were 12 nM and 1.4 nM, respectively. The IC50 values of HN3-mPE24 and HN3-HN3-mPE24 for @entity157 cells were 0.2 nM and 0.4 nM, respectively. We also evaluated their @entity137 and anti- @entity5 efficacy in @entity19 . The maximum tolerated doses of @entity50266 -mPE24 and HN3-HN3-mPE24 were 7 mg kg-1 and 3.6 mg kg-1, respectively. We treated @entity19 with 5 mg kg-1 of HN3-mPE24 intravenously every other day for ten injections. The alpha-fetoprotein level of HN3-mPE24 treated group was approximately 700 fold less than that of the untreated group (1.1  g ml-1 vs. 692.1  g ml-1). In addition, 25% of the @entity19 treated with HN3-mPE24 survived to the end of this study, which was 105 days after @entity96 implantation. In conclusion, the HN3-mPE24 immunotoxin caused @entity96 regressions and extended survival with no significant side effects in @entity19 . It is a promising candidate for the treatment of @entity96 that may be readily translated to @entity1 .

title: Construction of an immunotoxin, HN3-mPE24, targeting XXXX for @entity96 therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'HCC tumor', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity50265 :: (14734(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['glypican-3']


abstract: @entity8434 is endemic in the Rio Negro province of Argentina. After 30 years of control using @entity2039 in @entity235 the transmission rate to @entity1 and @entity742 has decreased significantly, however transmission persists. The objective of the study is to assess the impact of the inclusion of the EG95 vaccine for @entity742 in the control programme, including analysis of the vaccine's operative feasibility in field conditions. The vaccine was applied in an area comprising four communities of native @entity1 including 79 farms with 3146 @entity742 and 311 @entity235 in total. Seventy one farms were designated as control areas where no vaccinations were undertaken while vaccinations of @entity742 undertaken on 91 farms. @entity742 received two vaccinations with the EG95 vaccine followed by a single booster injection when the animals were 1-1.5 years of age. Farm locations were defined using GPS coordinates for the houses. Evidence for @entity12047 transmission was monitored by coproantigen ELISA on samples of @entity235 faeces, by @entity12047 -specific PCR using soil samples, and anti-E. granulosus antibody assessments in sera from 2 to 4 teeth @entity742 , purgation of @entity235 to detect @entity12047 worms and necropsy on adult @entity742 . Before the vaccine was introduced, 26.2% of @entity742 with 2-4 teeth were positive using ELISA/WB, the prevalence decreased to 7.8% at the third year following use of the vaccine. Necropsy of animals older than 6 years (not vaccinated) showed that 66.1% of animals were infected with @entity12047 . In @entity235 , 4% was found positive for @entity12047 using arecoline purgation and 24.7% of the farms were infected using coproELISA/WB. During the first year of vaccination 2721 @entity742 received the first vaccine dose and 2448 received a booster. In the second year 2138 @entity742 were initially vaccinated and 1745 received a booster, and 1308 animals received the third dose. During the third year 1110 @entity742 received the first dose from which 539 received a booster and 723 animals received the third dose. An analysis of advantages and limitations of the diagnostic techniques used and the ability of the geospatial analysis to detect risk area are included. Based in the immunodiagnostic techniques, the EG95 vaccine has been able to prevent the @entity281 in animals up to 3 years old. Also, the difficulties in the field for the correct vaccine administration and the social features and habits that may impact on @entity8434 control are included in the analysis.

title: Pilot field trial of the EG95 vaccine against ovine XXXX in Rio Negro, Argentina: early impact and preliminary data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic echinococcosis', 'echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['E. granulosus', 'Echinococcus granulosus']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['cystic echinococcosis']


abstract: @entity170 is suspected as a potential risk factor in @entity2520 . However, the detailed relationship between these diseases is unclear. The particular models of laboratory animals for the both diseases are needed to clarify the interactive influence route. In this article, we introduce the animal models for both diseases, review the relationship between @entity170 and @entity2520 in animals and report our laboratory study. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of an ovariectomy on the progression of experimental @entity2521 in @entity35 . Thirty female @entity35 as control, 30 sham-operated @entity35 and 30 ovariectomized @entity35 (OVX group) were included. In the maxillary molars of every @entity35 , a nylon thread was ligated to induce experimental @entity2521 . The results were as follows : at 6 and 12 weeks in the OVX group, the levels of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) had decreased more significantly. The periodontal tissues in the OVX group showed a severer @entity32 and alveolar bone resorption. From these results, it is suggested that the @entity3604 may affect the progression of periodontal lesions in @entity35 . It will be necessary to clarify with a molecular mechanism with the establishment of animal models in both diseases in the future.

title: [The relationship between @entity2520 and XXXX in animals].

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic conditions']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Although recent advances in microsurgical @entity5513 has made it possible to preserve, morphologically, the cochlear nerve as well as the facial nerve, functional @entity2103 is often encountered following total @entity5 . In order to avoid such functional morbidity, a surgical procedure can be proposed in which the tumoral capsule attached to a functional structure such as the facial nerve is intentionally left. Along with this surgical procedure and postoperative course observation, postoperative regrowth of the @entity5 should be precisely evaluated. A few recent reports about this problem have been published since CT scan and MRI have become available. The authors reviewed 66 cases in which postoperative evaluation by high resolution CT scan of the @entity5513 has been carried out in their department more than one year after surgery. Multiple factors such as age at onset, sex, preoperative period, @entity5 size, vascularity, extent of the @entity5 removal, residual site, and pathological findings on HE stain were studied in relation to the @entity5 regrowth. Four cases showed regrowth of the @entity5 , and one of these @entity5 was reoperated on. The percentage of regrowth was 7.5% among the @entity5 which were not totally removed. No significant risk factors for @entity5 regrowth were noticed in these cases, but @entity5 regrowth tended to be found in younger @entity1 . The @entity41 which showed regrowth were always located in the internal auditory meatus. In this study, it is apparent that, percentagewise, @entity5 regrowth is not so prevalent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Evaluation of the postoperative regrowth of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['removal of acoustic neurinomas', 'acoustic neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the facial nerve']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neurinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand the actions of glucocorticoids on the development and @entity2346 media with effusion. METHODS AND DESIGN: The middle ears of 20 @entity35 were exposed to 35 microL of either 300-mOsm Krebs-Ringer solution (control; n = 5) or lipopolysaccharide, 1 mg/mL, dissolved in Krebs-Ringer solution (n = 15). Among the group that received lipopolysaccharide, 10 @entity35 were randomly selected to receive @entity619 (1 mg/kg intramuscularly), either 2 hours (n = 5) or 24 hours (n = 5) before the introduction of lipopolysaccharide. Middle ear fluid was sampled after 2, 4, and 6 hours of exposure. OUTCOME MEASURES: Middle ear fluid volume and albumin content were determined as measures of vascular extravasation. Histological sections of the @entity2172 were used to quantify the degree of leukocyte exudation. Data were analyzed by 1- or 2-way analysis of variance with the significance level set at P < .05. RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide exposure caused a significant increase in the mean +/- SEM middle ear fluid volume from 29.9 +/- 0.99 to 45.8 +/- 1.4 microL between the 2- and 6-hour samplings. Lipopolysaccharide exposure caused a significant increase in the albumin content of middle ear fluid from 70.1 +/- 19.2 to 271.0 +/- 93.1 micrograms between the 2- and 6-hour samplings. Both increases were significant compared with controls. Lipopolysaccharide also caused a significant increase in leukocytes localized to the @entity2172 . Pretreatment of animals with @entity619 for either 2 or 24 hours inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced changes. There were no differences between 2- and 24-hour pretreatment with @entity619 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity619 inhibits the development of endotoxin-induced @entity2346 media with effusion.

title: The role of glucocorticoids in endotoxin-mediated XXXX media with effusion.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear mucosa']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['progression of endotoxin-mediated otitis', 'otitis']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: Many @entity5 @entity1 develop @entity5 -reactive immune responses against antigens that are either expressed on the surface of @entity5 cells or released from them into the peripheral circulation. In this study, @entity5 -reactive immunoglobulins, present in the sera of @entity43 @entity1 , were used to identify commonly recognized @entity5 -associated antigens on @entity43 cells. Western immunoblot analysis of cellular proteins, obtained from @entity43 cell line, demonstrated several commonly recognized immunoreactive proteins. Two of these proteins (Mr 32,000 and 71,000) were selected for further investigation. Cellular proteins isolated from normal @entity1 @entity43 , in a similar fashion, failed to exhibit corresponding immunoreactivity to these proteins. As an additional control, sera from normal (nontumor-bearing) individuals failed to identify these proteins on Western immunoblots. Furthermore, the absorption of the @entity43 @entity1 ' sera with normal ovarian epithelial tissue did not remove the reactivity of these two proteins. The Mr 32,000 and 71,000 proteins were subsequently purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, separated by @entity214 -PAGE, transferred to the @entity22059 membrane, and digested with trypsin. These resulting tryptic fragments were separated by microbore reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and selected fragments were sequenced by mass spectrometry. This sequence analysis identified the Mr 32,000 protein as @entity10815 and the Mr 71,000 as @entity413 -regulated protein 78 (member of the @entity1457 protein family). The identities of @entity10815 and @entity413 -regulated protein 78 were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Additionally, the presence of @entity10815 was demonstrated in association with immune complexes in vivo. Currently, the common antigenic epitopes of these proteins are being defined.

title: Humoral immune responses to @entity10815 and XXXX -regulated protein 78 in @entity43 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian epithelia', 'ovarian cancer', 'ovarian tumor', 'UL-1 ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity22059 :: ('MESH:C024865', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylidene difluoride']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Three point mutations of the @entity3492 ( @entity3492 ) gene associated with @entity74 were studied using in vitro expression systems. Mutation @entity6384 results in an @entity535 substitution in the first transmembrane domain of the connexin protein, @entity49361 is located in the second transmembrane domain and W44C is in the first extracellular loop. Wild-type and mutated connexin vectors were constructed and transfected into communication-deficient HeLa cells to obtain transient expression of the connexin proteins. Intercellular coupling was subsequently assessed by examining transfer of Lucifer yellow between cells. All three mutations resulted in impaired intercellular coupling. The mechanistic reasons for the functional inadequacies of the mutated proteins were investigated. First, intracellular trafficking and targeting of the expressed connexins were determined by immunohistochemistry. Mutation @entity49361 was inefficiently targeted to the plasma membrane and retained in intracellular stores whereas the other two were targeted to the plasma membrane. Oligomerization assays showed that connexins @entity6384 and @entity49361 failed to assemble efficiently into hexameric gap junction hemichannels, but the W44C mutation did so. A cell-free translation system showed that the mutated proteins were inserted into microsomal membranes but the mutations have different effects on the post-translational properties of the expressed proteins. The results point to the conclusion that mutations in the transmembrane domains of connexin proteins influence gap junction assembly.

title: Properties of XXXX gap junctional proteins derived from mutations associated with non-syndromal heriditary deafness.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity49361 :: ('p|SUB|W|77|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['W77R']

entities_list: @entity6384 :: ('p|SUB|M|34|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M34T']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary deafness']

answer: @entity3492 :: (2706,Gene) :: ['connexin26']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The upsurge in the reported cases of @entity66 ( @entity66 ) has led to a re-appraisal of the earlier held views that it was a rare entity in Nigeria. The advent of colonoscopy has contributed in no small way to this change. We sought to determine the clinical characteristics, indications for colonoscopy, and intra-procedural findings among these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on the colonoscopy records from four private endoscopy units based in Lagos State, Nigeria. The records were drawn from a 5-year period (August 2010 to July 2015). The endoscopy logs and reports were reviewed, and the bio data, indications, and colonoscopy findings were gleaned. RESULTS: A total of 265 colonoscopies were carried out in the stated period. Of these, 28 (10.6%) had @entity66 . Of the @entity1 with @entity66 , 5 (17.9%) were females while 23 (82.1%) were males. Their ages ranged from 46 to 94 years (mean = 68.2    11 years). Fifteen @entity1 had been referred for the procedure on account of @entity360 alone (15 = 53.6%). Other reasons for referral included @entity490 alone (2 = 7%), @entity360 plus @entity490 (5 = 17.9%), and change in bowel habits (3 = 10.8%). Ten (35%) @entity1 had pan-colonic involvement. Regional disease involved the right side alone in only one case (3.5%) while the other combinations of sites are as follows; 6 (21.4%) in the sigmoid colon alone, 2 (7%) in the descending colon alone, 5 (17.9%) in the sigmoid-descending colon, 4 (14.3%) in the sigmoid-descending-transverse colon, thus the sigmoid colon was involved in 25 (89.3%) cases. Five cases (17.9%) had endoscopic features suggestive of @entity4436 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity66 should no longer be regarded as a rare problem in the Nigerian @entity1 . The study findings support the notion of higher prevalence among the elderly, in males, and of sigmoid colon involvement.

title: XXXX at colonoscopy in Lagos State, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Diverticular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) distinguishes pituitary-dependent @entity699 ( @entity699 ) from @entity11060 with a high degree of certainty, but has not been reliable in predicting the location of an @entity652 within the pituitary gland. We investigated whether @entity4090 measurements during IPSS would improve @entity5 localization. METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 with suspected ACTH-dependent @entity699 who underwent IPSS between 1997 and 2009 were studied retrospectively. Twenty-eight @entity1 who had an identifiable @entity5 that stained for ACTH on histopathology are the subject of this study. Intersinus ACTH gradients before and after adjustment for @entity4090 were compared with surgical findings and pathology. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging localized a @entity977 in 17/28 (61%) @entity1 . Using a maximum intersinus ACTH gradient of >= 1  4 before or after @entity6192 stimulation, we could diagnose the @entity5 location correctly in 15/28 (54%) @entity1 . By comparison, @entity5 lateralization by means of a dominant (>= 1  4) @entity4090 -adjusted ACTH intersinus gradient was correct in 21/28 (75%) @entity1 (P = 0  041). Tumour localization was correct in 23/28 (82%) @entity1 when MRI and @entity4090 -adjusted ratio data were combined. Fourteen @entity1 with proper bilateral IPS venous sampling (as determined by concurrent IPS to peripheral @entity4090 ratio >= 1  8) either had correct localization of the @entity5 (n = 12) or had a central lesion (n = 2). In none of these 14 @entity1 was the dominant @entity4090 -adjusted ACTH ratio associated with a @entity5 on the opposite side of the gland. CONCLUSION: @entity4090 measurement, during IPSS, improves our ability to correctly localize the @entity977 site in @entity699 .

title: @entity4090 measurement during inferior petrosal sinus sampling improves the localization of XXXX in @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity11060 :: ('MESH:D000182', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic ACTH syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Improvements in the diagnosis of early @entity0 depend on a physician's ability to obtain the information necessary to distinguish nonpalpable @entity5 . Viscoelastic features that describe mechanical properties of tissues may help to distinguish these types of lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with nonpalpable, pathology-confirmed Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) 4 or 5 breast lesions (10 benign, 11 malignant) detected by mammography were studied. Viscoelastic parameters were extracted from a time sequence of ultrasonic strain images, and differences in the parameters between @entity5 were compared. Parametric data were color coded and superimposed on sonograms. RESULTS: The strain retardance time parameter, T(1), provided the best discrimination between @entity5 (P < .01). T(1) measures the time required for tissues to fully deform (strain) once compressed; therefore, it describes the time-varying viscous response of tissue to a small deforming force. Compared to the surrounding background tissues, malignant lesions have smaller average T(1) values, whereas benign lesions have higher T(1) values. This tissue-specific contrast correlates with known changes in the extracellular matrix of breast stroma. CONCLUSION: Characterization of nonpalpable breast lesions is improved by the addition of viscoelastic strain imaging parameters. The differentiation of malignant and benign BI-RADS 4 or 5 @entity5 is especially evident with the use of the retardation time estimates, T(1).

title: Ultrasonic viscoelasticity imaging of nonpalpable XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignant and benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the proportion of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) visiting office-based rheumatologists for persistently active @entity309 despite past or current @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) treatment, and to describe the management of these @entity1 in France in 2003. METHODS: All French rheumatologists were invited to participate in a cross-sectional postal survey. During a predetermined week, they were to include the first 2 @entity1 seen for @entity309 with a history of past or current @entity1500 treatment. Adequacy of current treatment was assessed based on the 28-joint Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) and on current @entity1500 and corticosteroid regimens. RESULTS: Of the 1800 French rheumatologists, 492 returned 838 assessable @entity1 questionnaires. Mean @entity1 age was 58 years and mean time since @entity309 diagnosis was 10 years; 77% of @entity1 were currently taking @entity1500 , and 51% a corticosteroid. High dosages were noted for @entity1500 (> 15 mg/week) in 20% of @entity1 and for corticosteroid therapy (> 10 mg/day) in 5%. Nevertheless, 41% of @entity1 had active @entity309 (DAS28 score 3.2 to 5.1) and 7% had very active @entity309 (DAS28 score > 5.1). The treatment was left unchanged in 78% of @entity1 , and biological therapy was contemplated in only 16% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Although half of @entity1500 -treated @entity1 with @entity309 visiting office-based rheumatologists had active or very active disease, a change in treatment was rarely considered.

title: Most rheumatologists are conservative in active XXXX despite methotrexate therapy: results of the PRISME survey.

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To isolate @entity1 prostatic epithelial plasma membranes for the identification of cell surface proteins in the therapeutic targeting of @entity5 cells while permitting the retrieval of banked samples for clinical purposes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Radical prostatectomies from 84 @entity1 (median, 61 years; prostate-specific antigen, 5.9; 66% nonpalpable) were processed with alternate, mirror image slices submitted for histology and tissue banking. Benign and malignant foci were macrodissected from the banked sections using the pathologically mapped, mirror image histology sections as a guide. Epithelial plasma membranes were isolated using novel immunomagnetic purification and their purity was assessed. Tissue homogenates were probed by Western blot for malignant ( @entity6639 ) and benign ( @entity4206 ) markers to test the accuracy of this protocol. Selected banked tissue slices were retrieved, thawed, and compared pathologically to their corresponding routinely processed alternate slices. RESULTS: Plasma membrane preparations showed the enrichment of epithelial plasma membrane markers (prostate-specific membrane antigen and epithelial-specific antigen) with minimal marker expression from nonepithelial cells or intracellular organelles. @entity5 homogenates showed up-regulated @entity6639 and down-regulated @entity4206 , whereas benign homogenates showed up-regulated @entity4206 and down-regulated @entity6639 . There was 30% benign ( @entity4206 +) contamination in @entity5 ( @entity6639 +) contamination in benign slices. Retrieved tissues showed the retention of immunoreactivity while their histology was always adequate for diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully isolated purified epithelial plasma membranes from benign and malignant @entity1 prostates and provided validation data for the accuracy of our protocol in a prostate-specific antigen-screened cohort. Our method also enabled the retrieval of banked tissues for clinical purposes with the retention of good histologic and immunohistochemical quality.

title: Isolation of XXXX prostatic epithelial plasma membranes for proteomics using mirror image tissue banking of radical prostatectomy specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer slices and <6% cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effect of intracoronary (i.c.) pretreatment with @entity3988 on regional myocardial function and the development of @entity1188 was investigated in regionally ischemic, reperfused porcine hearts. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was distally ligated in 16 @entity1707 for 20-90 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Eight @entity1707 were treated with increasing doses of i.c. @entity3988 (0.375 mg/min, 0.75 mg/min, 1 mg/min) prior to @entity63 . Eight @entity1707 served as controls. Regional myocardial function was assessed by implanted ultrasonic crystals. @entity1188 size was determined as ratio of infarcted (tetrazolium stain) to @entity63 (dye technique). I.c. @entity3988 mainly depressed early systolic shortening (isovolumetric contraction) and lengthening during the first half of diastole. Pretreatment with this @entity460 antagonist significantly delayed the development of @entity1188 . In control experiments, a mean infarct size of 74% was found after 45-min @entity63 . At that time no @entity1188 was observed in the treated group, where @entity1188 started to evolve after 60-min @entity63 . It is concluded that the favorable action of i.c. @entity3988 can mainly be ascribed to a reduced myocardial @entity26 consumption at the onset of @entity63 .

title: The effect of intracoronary XXXX on regional myocardial function and development of @entity1188 in porcine hearts.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: The primary aim of this paper is to present clinical and radiographic aspects of odontogenic @entity3291 diagnosed at the Stomatology Clinic of Bauru School of Dentistry, University of S  o Paulo, Brazil and to compare them with data reported in a series published in the literature. A second objective is to report a clinical case of @entity3291 in a 9-year-old @entity1 in whom the lesion involved the anterior region of the maxilla. Dental records between 1975 and 2000 were reviewed and seven cases diagnosed as @entity3291 were found in individuals aged from nine to 60 years. Of these, four occurred in @entity1 and three in @entity1 . The mandible was affected in five cases and the maxilla in two. All @entity1 presented with asymptomatic swelling in the affected area. A mixed radiographic result was observed in five @entity1 , while in two @entity1 the lesion was completely radiolucent. The borders of the lesion were well-defined in six @entity1 . In four cases there was dental displacement, although root resorption was not observed in any of these. The treatment of choice was surgical excision. Four cases did not recur during the period of follow-up, which varied from nine months to 19 years. It was concluded the clinico-radiographic study of odontogenic @entity3291 should be continually refined with the aim of offering the @entity1 an appropriate treatment, since the lesion presents a high potential for recurrence.

title: XXXX --a case report and clinico-radiographic study of seven tumors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['odontogenic myxoma', 'myxomas']

answer: @entity3291 :: (MESH:D009232,Disease) :: ['Odontogenic myxoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: High-altitude @entity519 , or decreased @entity26 levels caused by low barometric pressure, challenges the ability of @entity1 to live and reproduce. Despite these challenges, @entity1 populations have lived on the Andean Altiplano and the Tibetan Plateau for millennia and exhibit unique circulatory, respiratory, and hematological adaptations to life at @entity2222 . We and others have identified natural selection candidate genes and gene regions for these adaptations using dense genome scan data. One gene previously known to be important in cellular @entity26 sensing, @entity35361 ( @entity35361 ), shows evidence of positive selection in both Tibetans and Andeans. Interestingly, the pattern of variation for this gene differs between the two populations. Continued research among Tibetan populations has identified statistical associations between hemoglobin concentration and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype at @entity35361 and a second gene, @entity2032 ( @entity2032 ). METHODS: To measure for the effects of @entity35361 and @entity2032 altitude genotypes on hemoglobin concentration among Andean highlanders, we performed a multiple linear regression analysis of 10 candidate SNPs in or near these two genes. RESULTS: Our analysis did not identify significant associations between @entity2032 or @entity35361 SNP genotypes and hemoglobin concentration in Andeans. CONCLUSIONS: These results contribute to our understanding of the unique set of adaptations developed in different highland groups to the @entity519 of @entity2222 . Overall, the results provide key insights into the patterns of genetic adaptation to @entity2222 in Andean and Tibetan populations.

title: Andean and Tibetan patterns of adaptation to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2222 :: ('MESH:C535833', 'Disease') :: ['high altitude']

entities_list: @entity2032 :: ('2034', 'Gene') :: ['endothelial PAS domain protein 1', 'EPAS1']

answer: @entity2222 :: (MESH:C535833,Disease) :: ['high altitude']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4006 ( @entity4006 (  )), launched in the UK in December 2006, is indicated for the treatment of smoking cessation in adults (>= 18  years of age). In 2008, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK issued a warning suggesting that @entity4006 was associated with disparate @entity146 , including @entity308 , suicidal thoughts and behaviour. In response to this regulatory warning, the Drug Safety Research Unit conducted a modified prescription-event monitoring (M-PEM) study to monitor the safety of @entity4006 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and examine the pattern of neuropsychiatric events reported to general practitioners (GPs) in England during the immediate postmarketing period for @entity4006 . METHODS: A postmarketing surveillance study was conducted using the observational cohort technique of M-PEM. @entity1 were identified from dispensed prescriptions issued by primary care physicians between December 2006 and March 2007. Data on exposure, previous history of @entity146 and events reported during and after treatment were collected from questionnaires. In order to determine whether hazards for neuropsychiatric events of interest ( @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity146 , suicidal ideation, non-fatal self-harm) were non-constant over time (which could indicate a possible association with the drug), the pattern of events was examined by plotting the smoothed hazard function estimate and then fitting a Weibull model. The Weibull model shape parameter (b) and 95  % confidence interval were used as a test for a non-constant hazard function (where a value of 1 indicates a constant hazard over time). In addition to this analysis, the difference in @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) between month 1 and months 2-3 were calculated and compared. RESULTS: The cohort comprised of 12,159 @entity1 (median age 47  years [interquartile range 19]; 56.9  % [n  =  6924 female]). The number of events reported during treatment, reason for stopping, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and the p-value for the Weibull shape parameter were as follows: @entity308 (n  =  94; 42; 19; p  =  0.144); @entity148 (n  =  94; 49; 9; p  =  0.009); @entity146 (n  =  7; 4; 2; p  =  0.465); suicidal ideation (n  =  8; 4; 1; p  =  0.989) and non-fatal self-harm (n  =  5; 1; 0; p  =  0.771). No differences in the @entity2101 between months 1 and months 2-3 were found for any of the events. CONCLUSION: Whilst between 7 and 17  % of neuropsychiatric events were attributed to the drug by GPs and approximately 20-50  % were given as reasons for stopping, no signal was raised using the ID differences approach, and only @entity148 was flagged as a potential signal for an ADR using the Weibull model. The signal for @entity148 requires further evaluation to determine whether the drug plays a part in the development of @entity148 or whether it is a withdrawal symptom caused by smoking cessation. Analysis methods will lack power when the numbers of events are low even when a large number of @entity1 are included in the study.

title: XXXX events with @entity4006 : a modified prescription-event monitoring study in general practice in England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4006 :: ('MESH:C500838', 'Chemical') :: ['varenicline', 'Champix', 'Varenicline']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'psychiatric illness', 'neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['IDs', 'incidence densities']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Neuropsychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to study the imaging features, management, and outcome of @entity14515 and @entity29 associated with molecular targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 48 @entity1 with @entity5 who developed @entity14515 or intestinal perforation were found by searching a radiology database. Of these @entity1 , 24 @entity1 (13 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ; mean age, 61 years; range, 39-83 years) receiving molecular targeted therapy without any confounding factors for @entity14515 or perforation were selected. Initial and follow-up CT scans were evaluated by two radiologists; medical records were reviewed to note clinical features, management, and outcome. RESULTS: Seventeen (70.8%) @entity1 were asymptomatic. @entity14 (n = 10) and @entity1358 (n = 5) were the most common @entity5 ; bevacizumab (n = 14) and @entity2240 (n = 6) were the most common associated drugs. Imaging findings included intestinal perforation (20 sites in 18 @entity1 ), @entity14515 (n = 10), @entity843 (n = 8), @entity516 (n = 7), @entity292 formation (n = 7), and fluid collections (six collections in five @entity1 ). Fifteen (62.5%) @entity1 were treated conservatively, seven (29.2%) underwent surgery, and two (8.3%) underwent percutaneous drainage. Molecular targeted therapy was discontinued in 22 of 24 @entity1 ; findings resolved in 19 @entity1 , remained stable in one, and worsened in one. One @entity1 died after surgery. In both instances where the drug was continued, the abnormality worsened. Findings recurred in three of four @entity1 in whom the drug was restarted after initial resolution. CONCLUSION: Radiologists should be aware of intestinal complications associated with molecular targeted therapy, including @entity14515 , @entity29 , and @entity292 formation. Most @entity1 can be treated conservatively after discontinuation of molecular targeted therapy. Continuing or restarting molecular targeted therapy can cause worsening or recurrent @entity14515 or perforation.

title: @entity14515 and XXXX associated with molecular targeted therapy: an emerging problem and the role of radiologists in its management.

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel perforation']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14515 :: ('MESH:D011006', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatosis intestinalis', 'pneumatosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['bowel perforation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At therapeutic dosage, @entity14746 and @entity39970 induce significant inhibition of skin reactivity to @entity112 . The consistency of their efficacy, that is, efficacy with the least interindividual variability among subjects, has not been carefully assessed, however. OBJECTIVE: To compare the consistency and efficacy of these antihistamines on skin reactivity. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers participated in a randomized double-blind crossover study. The areas of wheals and flares induced by increasing (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/mL) @entity112 concentrations, administered by prick tests, were measured before and four hours after intake of 10 mg of each @entity16206 , allowing concentration-response curves to be established. The threshold @entity112 concentrations inducing wheal areas of 3 @entity202 (positivity) were calculated by interpolation. The coefficient of variation ( @entity168 /mean %) was used to evaluate the consistency of the response. RESULTS: Pretreatment concentration-response curves were similar, and threshold concentrations identical (0.29 mg/mL and 0.34 mg/mL for @entity14746 and @entity39970 , respectively). For both, curves were lower after treatment than before. After @entity14746 , the threshold concentration was significantly higher (217 mg/mL) than after @entity39970 (0.82 mg/mL) (P < .001), and total inhibition of the wheal reaction was observed in 21 of 24 @entity1 at the lowest @entity112 concentration and in 17 of 24 at the highest. @entity39970 never totally inhibited reaction, even to 5 mg/mL of @entity112 . Over the entire concentration-response curve, the coefficient of variation for the wheal reaction was 6.3% for @entity14746 and 72.6% for @entity39970 , and, for flares, 11.0% and 83.7%, respectively. Hence, variability was much lower after @entity14746 . CONCLUSION: Our study shows clearly that the efficacy of a single therapeutic dosage of @entity14746 is consistently good for suppression of cutaneous reactivity to @entity112 in healthy volunteers. The need for @entity39970 to metabolize into the active @entity46877 might explain its lesser consistency.

title: Consistency of the efficacy of XXXX and @entity39970 on skin reactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity14746 :: ('MESH:D017332', 'Chemical') :: ['cetirizine']

entities_list: @entity46877 :: ('MESH:C058251', 'Chemical') :: ['carebastine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity39970 :: ('MESH:C058249', 'Chemical') :: ['ebastine', 'Ebastine']

answer: @entity14746 :: (MESH:D017332,Chemical) :: ['cetirizine']


abstract: Effects of supplementing growing steers consuming forage-based diets with high levels of partially hydrogenated tallow on feed intake, digestibility, live @entity1017 , and carcass characteristics were determined in this study. In Exp. 1, Holstein steer @entity291 were fed bermudagrass hay alone (Control) and with a ground @entity4336 -based concentrate at .95% BW ( @entity3918 basis) plus partially hydrogenated tallow at 0 (Basal), .33 (low fat; LF), or .67% BW (high fat; HF) in a Latin square. Total DMI was increased by concentrate supplementation and was lower for HF than for LF (P < .05; 3.18, 3.83, 4.25, and 3.17 kg/d for Control, Basal, LF, and HF, respectively). In Exp. 2, grazing Angus x Hereford steers (270 kg +/- .4 initial shrunk BW) were fed the same supplements as in Exp. 1 for 84 or 98 d and slaughtered. Live @entity1017 was increased (P < .05) by concentrate supplementation (1.01, 1.34, 1.41, and 1.30 kg/d for Control, Basal, Low, and High, respectively). The concentration of total lipids in longissimus muscle was 2.51, 2.53, 3.05, and 3.03% of wet tissue for Control, Basal, LF, and HF, respectively (Basal > the mean of LF and HF; P < .07); the proportion of @entity7609 in total @entity1718 was similar among treatments. Fat supplementation did not markedly affect sensory, taste, or tenderness characteristics of longissimus muscle. In conclusion, supplementing grazing beef steers with high levels of partially hydrogenated tallow, with slaughter at approximately 400-kg shrunk BW, tended to increase fat in longissimus muscle without altering the @entity7609 level in @entity1718 , although sensory, taste, and tenderness characteristics were not modified.

title: Effects of supplementing growing steers with high levels of partially hydrogenated tallow on feed intake, digestibility, live XXXX , and carcass characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the use of free jejunal flap in reconstruction for circumferential defect after @entity5 resection of hypopharyngeal and cervical @entity418 . METHODS: Retrospective review of 51 @entity1 who underwent circumferential pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with free jejunal flap after @entity5 ablation. RESULTS: In 51 @entity1 , 5 had flap failure and the flap success rate was 90% (46/51). Forty-five @entity1 had oral intake after operation excluding one who had @entity254 stenosis and 5 who had flap failure. The 1-year and 3-year survival rate was 62% and 48% respectively. Positive surgical marginal status and external invasion including thyroid gland, carotid artery, skin and pre-vertebral area were indicators for bad prognosis. Except 5 @entity1 who had flap failure, one of which died from @entity281 , no other severe @entity532 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 reconstructed with free jejunal flap after resection of hypopharyngeal and cervical @entity418 had low mortality and few @entity532 . Those without positive surgical margin and external invasion including thyroid gland, carotid artery, skin and pre-vertebral area had higher survival rate. Most of them had good quality of life. The choice of free jejunal flap for reconstruction of hypopharyngoesophageal defect was appropriate in selected @entity1 who had guarantee of negative surgical margin and no external invasion.

title: [Reconstruction with free jejunal interposition for defect after @entity5 resection of hypopharyngeal and cervical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal infection']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: @entity4854 exerts negative effects on B-cell functions that may involve oxidative stress. This was tested for by investigating effects of @entity22891 ( @entity270 ), known as a free radical scavenger, on B-cell functions. For in vivo testing, @entity35 pancreatic islets were transplanted syngeneically under the kidney capsule in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . Transplanted @entity35 were treated with @entity22891 (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally injected every other day) or @entity1460 oil for 2 or 6 weeks. Graft-bearing kidneys were then perfused and insulin release was measured after stimulation sequentially with @entity413 (27 mmol/L) and @entity534 (10 mmol/L). @entity22891 treatment for 2 or 6 weeks failed to restore @entity413 -induced insulin secretion, whereas treatment for 2 but not for 6 weeks enhanced basal insulin release (by 24%, p < 0.05) and @entity369 -induced release (by 79%, p < 0.05). Treatment did not affect graft content of preproinsulin mRNA. The presence of @entity22891 (50 microg/ml) in vitro enhanced @entity413 (27 mmol/L)-stimulated insulin release from batch-type incubated islets by 33% (p < 0.05). Exposing islets to @entity22891 for 1 day in the presence of 38 mmol/L @entity413 enhanced @entity413 -stimulated insulin release (by 25%, p < 0.05), @entity534 -stimulated release (by 37%, p < 0.05) and elevated islet insulin content (by 20%, p < 0.05). These effects of exposure to @entity22891 were lost when the culture period was extended up to 3 weeks. It is concluded that @entity22891 exerts moderate beneficial effects on B-cell functions during short to intermediate length of high @entity413 exposure. These effects are, however, insufficient to support a major role for oxidative stress behind glucotoxicity toward B cells.

title: Interactions between XXXX and @entity413 on B-cell functions in the @entity35 : an in vivo and in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity22891 :: ('CHEBI:18145', 'Chemical') :: ['D-alpha-tocopherol', 'D-alpha tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']