abstract: Hepatic arterial infusion of @entity10049 is an effective treatment for unresectable hepatic metastases from @entity14 . Despite its pharmacological advantage of higher @entity5 drug concentration with minimal systemic @entity137 , hepatic arterial infusion of @entity10049 is characterized by regional @entity137 , including @entity16 resembling @entity991 (5-29% of treated cases). Unlike previous reports describing biliary damage of both @entity6687 , a case series of @entity2876 after hepatic arterial infusion with @entity10049 is herein described. Between September 1993 and February 1999, 54 @entity1 received intraarterial hepatic chemotherapy based on continuous infusion of @entity10049 (dose escalation 0.15-0.30 mg/kg/day for 14 days every 28 days) plus @entity619 28 mg. Twenty-seven @entity1 underwent laparotomy to implant the catheter into the hepatic artery, the other 27 @entity1 receiving a percutaneous catheter into the hepatic artery through a transaxillary access. Five @entity1 (9.2%) developed @entity137 with @entity1087 and @entity255 (3 cases), alterations of liver function tests and radiological features of @entity253 . They received from 9 to 19 cycles (mean 14.5 +/- 6.3 cycles) of @entity10049 infusion with a total drug delivered dose ranging from 20.3 to 41.02 mg/kg (mean: 31.4 +/- 13.5 mg/kg). @entity2876 was discovered by computed tomography scan and ultrasound, followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and/or percutaneous cholangiography in 3 cases. Radiological findings included common @entity99 , common @entity99 in 2 cases, common bile duct obstruction in 1 case, and intrahepatic bile ducts dilation without a well-recognized obstruction in 1 case. Two @entity1 were treated by sequentially percutaneous biliary drainage and @entity384 while 1 @entity1 had an endoscopic transpapillary biliary prosthesis placed. Percutaneous or endoscopic procedures obtained the improvement of hepatic function and cholestatic indexes without subsequent @entity1087 or @entity255 . In two @entity1 suppression of @entity10049 infusion allowed the improvement of hepatic function. The present series suggests that in some @entity1 receiving hepatic arterial infusion of @entity10049 @entity2876 may represent the primary event leading to a secondary intrahepatic biliary damage that does not correlate with specific @entity10049 @entity137 but results from @entity1157 and @entity281 , recurrent @entity255 and eventually @entity253 . Aggressive research for extrahepatic @entity253 is advised, since an early nonsurgical treatment of @entity2876 may prevent an irreversible intrahepatic @entity253 worsening the prognosis of metastatic @entity409 .

title: Extrahepatic biliary stenoses after hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of XXXX (FUdR) for liver metastases from @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'biliary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary damage']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile stasis']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['floxuridine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['Extrahepatic biliary sclerosis', 'extrahepatic biliary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary sclerosis', 'biliary tract abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic duct complete obstruction in 1 case', 'hepatic duct stenosis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity10049 :: (MESH:D005467,Chemical) :: ['floxuridine']


abstract: Controversy regarding the nosological position of the syndrome of @entity4610 , @entity2055 and @entity4894 ( @entity4894 ) exists. The @entity409 was presumed to represent an unusually symmetrical @entity129 . To investigate the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations in this rare syndrome we reviewed 109 reports describing 243 cases. The @entity4610 was remarkable in its constant association with a @entity6447 . It was described to be remarkably symmetrical at all stages of development and recovery. From the early description of the syndrome by Fisher the @entity4610 was observed to evolve as a symmetrical failure of upgaze followed by loss of lateral gaze and last by downgaze, recovery develops in the opposite pattern. Despite the severe nature of the @entity4610 , 58 @entity1 were reported to have sparing of downgaze and 192 (79%) had relative sparing of the eye lids. Active lid retraction and preserved Bell's phenomenon, despite upgaze @entity912 , were described in 22 and 15 @entity1 respectively. Upper lid jerks were described in 2, @entity1319 in 2, convergence @entity2473 in 6, @entity1319 in 15 and horizontal dissociated nystagmus in 11. Interestingly 23 were reported to present with @entity912 of abduction progressing to lateral gaze @entity912 and 5 had @entity912 of abduction and contralateral gaze @entity912 . Four had defective vestibulo-ocular reflex despite recovery of upgaze, 10 had central type nystagmus including rotatory, retractory and rebound nystagmus. Relative preservation of optokinetic nystagmus and preservation of vestibulo-ocular reflex despite an otherwise complete @entity4610 were reported in 6 and 2 @entity1 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of the syndrome of XXXX , @entity2055 and @entity4894 : a review.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral cranial nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['areflexia', 'Miller Fisher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ["Parinaud's syndrome", 'internuclear ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar type ataxia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4610 :: (MESH:D009886,Disease) :: ['ophthalmoplegia']


abstract: Fifty-three asymptomatic Tanzanian school @entity1 with 400-31,000 asexual @entity3964 parasites/microliter of blood were given standard, one-half, one-quarter, or one-eighth of the recommended @entity8775 treatment dose of 25 mg base/kg body weight. @entity8775 and main metabolite concentrations were determined in 100 microliters of capillary blood using a high performance liquid chromatographic method. In the standard, one-half, and one-quarter dose groups, all @entity1 cleared the parasites within three days after treatment. Reappearance was noted in one of the @entity1 in the one-quarter dose group during 49-56 days of followup. Among the @entity1 given one-eighth of a dose, two had an RII response and four had an RI response with early recrudescence. All 24-hour in vitro micro-tests (n = 30) showed full susceptibility for @entity8775 . Adverse gastrointestinal reactions were reported by eight @entity1 on the first day after treatment, four of whom had been given a standard dose. These @entity1 had higher @entity8775 concentrations one day after treatment than the other @entity1 in this group (P less than 0.05). In the standard dose group (n = 13), the area under the curve of capillary whole blood concentrations of @entity8775 versus time was 52.4-112.1 mumol/liter x days. The highest concentration on day 1 was 2.75-7.20 mumol/liter and the median terminal half-life was 17.4 days. The highest concentrations of the main metabolite were observed 1-2 weeks after treatment and the median half-life was 18.9 days. The concentrations in the other groups were approximately proportional to those in the standard dose group both for @entity8775 and the metabolite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Standard and reduced doses of XXXX for treatment of @entity3964 in Tanzania: whole blood concentrations in relation to adverse reactions, in vivo response, and in vitro susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['Mefloquine', 'mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity8775 :: (MESH:D015767,Chemical) :: ['mefloquine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports from Ethiopia suggest that oesophageal @entity5 are due to thermal injury of hot food and beverages. However, in most other countries diet plays an important role. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of diet and incidence of @entity189 in Ethiopia. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: All adult @entity1 , who were either referred or self referred from other health institutions, were investigated in Mexico Higher Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: All @entity1 who presented for endoscopy for the duration of one year, February 1st to January 2002, were included in the study. RESULTS: There were 902 adult @entity1 of whom 596 (66%) were male and 306 (34%) were female. The age range was 16 to 81 with a mean of 37 and the male to female ratio was 1.95:1. Christians out-numbered Muslims. There were more merchants than office workers or peasants. Those who came from Addis Ababa were 600 (66%) and the rural @entity1 were 302 (34%). The ethnic groupings indicated Amhara, Gurage and Oromo to be the predominant ones. Six hundred sixty two @entity1 ate tef, 140 ate @entity3505 and 100 ate kocho (Qocho). There were 27 specimens, which had malignant cells. Thirteen specimens failed to show malignant cells. Thirteen (13%) Qocho eaters had @entity5 , nine (6.5%) @entity3505 eaters had @entity5 and only five of tef eaters (0.70%) were affected. @entity1282 was the single most common symptom with which @entity1 presented in cases of @entity5 . @entity5 was located in upper, middle and EG junctional area in 5, 12 and 10 @entity1 respectively. There were 16 cases of squamous cells and 11 cases of @entity420 of a total of 40 specimen taken. Thirteen specimens failed to show malignant cells. CONCLUSION: Kocho (Qocho) eating appearsto be associated with developing @entity5 of the oesophagus.

title: Staple Ethiopian diet and XXXX of the oesophagus.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer of oesophagus', 'cancer of oesophagus']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of oesophagus']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early limb @entity432 following endovascular treatment of aorto-iliac @entity439 is not uncommon (4%-13%). To assess whether the femoral artery entry site could potentially cause this complication, we prospectively evaluated the @entity2096 ( @entity3795 ) and distal external iliac artery (EIA) with intraoperative duplex scans (IDS). METHODS: There were 134 @entity1 with @entity1029 treated with endografts since 2002 at our institution. Age ranged from 65 to 89 years (mean: 77 +/- 7 years). Aneuryx (n = 41), Zenith (n = 50), and Excluder (n = 43) endografts were used for repair. All procedures were performed via open exposure of the @entity3795 . Introducer diameter varied from 12 mm to 22 mm. All @entity1 underwent IDS of the @entity3795 and distal EIA after repair of the arteriotomies. RESULTS: In 34 @entity1 (25%), we documented intimal dissections causing severe (>70%) stenoses. Of the 271 arteries that were examined, 38 (14%) had abnormal findings that demanded intervention. These were repaired with flap excision, tacking sutures revision, or patch angioplasty (n = 36). Repeat IDS confirmed the adequacy of the repair. No statistical difference was noted if the site of larger introducer sheath and the incidence of flap formation. In addition, 10 small flaps or plaques were visualized but did not create significant @entity850 . No differences were noted in the incidence of positive duplex exams between each type graft (P = .4). No early or late iliac limb @entity432 were noted. Follow-up of 94% was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Completion arterial duplex scans are helpful in detecting a substantial number of clinically unsuspected technical defects caused by introducer sheaths. Timely diagnosis and repair of these defects may decrease the incidence of early limb @entity432 following endograft placement.

title: Iatrogenic injuries of the common femoral artery ( XXXX ) and external iliac artery (EIA) during endograft placement: an underdiagnosed entity.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal nonruptured abdominal aorto-iliac aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusions', 'occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral common femoral artery']

answer: @entity3795 :: (31658,Species) :: ['CFA']


abstract: A group of 150 @entity8803 strains isolated from @entity293 in @entity1 were included in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that these isolates were sensitive to most antimicrobial agents. All strains were sensitive to @entity114 , @entity5821 , @entity801 , @entity7913 , @entity206 and @entity6616 . Resistance to @entity803 was present in 10.6% of the strains, to @entity2755 in 4%, to @entity2929 in 1.3% and to @entity3639 in 1.3%. All strains were resistant to @entity10278 as well as to @entity8801 and @entity802 . Plasmid analysis showed that 82% of the strains harboured plasmids, some of them with complex plasmid profiles. Most plasmids were considered to be cryptic, although antibiotic resistance plasmids were identified in 18 isolates. @entity803 resistance was encoded by a plasmid of c. 2.8 MDa, @entity2755 resistance by a plasmid of c. 2.9 MDa and @entity2929 resistance by a plasmid of c. 1.6 MDa. @entity3639 resistance could not be linked to the presence of any specific plasmid. Plasmid profiling seemed to be a good method for differentiating among @entity8803 strains.

title: Diversity of plasmids in @entity8803 isolated from XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity6616 :: ('MESH:D009582', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurantoin']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity8801 :: ('MESH:D009675', 'Chemical') :: ['novobiocin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptomycin', 'streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity8803 :: ('29385', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus saprophyticus', 'S. saprophyticus']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline', 'Tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity10278 :: ('MESH:D019256', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium chloride']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both topical 40% @entity9989 in @entity3733 ( @entity28299 ) and oral @entity1033 ( @entity3073 ) are useful in @entity4091 ( @entity4091 ). This is the first clinical trial which compares the efficacy of both drugs in the course of the disease and in the prevention of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). METHODS: @entity1 of both sexes older than 18 years, with a @entity4091 of less than 4 days were selected. @entity1 with otic or @entity4091 , serious concomitant illness or pregnant or breast-feeding @entity1 were excluded. Following a double dummy design, the @entity1 received at random topical @entity28299 and oral placebo, or oral @entity3073 and topical placebo. Topical treatment was applied during 4 days and oral treatment during 7 days. The evolution of the disease (number of individual lesions, evolution of symptoms, use of analgesic drugs and eventual appearance of complications) was controlled on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and weekly until its resolution. RESULTS: The group of @entity1 treated with @entity28299 (85) showed a better evolution of the disease than those treated with @entity3073 (86) in some of the parameters controlled: day of first and all vesicles drying (p less than 0.05), last day of moderate-intense @entity158 (p less than 0.05), hyperaesthesia (p less than 0.05) and itching (p less than 0.05) and last day of analgesic use (p less than 0.01). The appearance of new vesicles during treatment was lower in the @entity28299 treated group (p less than 0.01). A tendency favouring @entity28299 can be observed in the appearance of @entity9 . CONCLUSIONS: In our study topical 40% @entity9989 in @entity3733 was better than oral @entity1033 in 7 of the 14 clinical parameters studied.

title: [A topical solution of 40% XXXX in @entity3733 compared to oral @entity1033 in the treatment of @entity4091 . A double-blind multicenter clinical trial].

entities_list: @entity9989 :: ('MESH:D007065', 'Chemical') :: ['idoxuridine']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['HZ', 'herpes zoster', 'ophthalmic zoster']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['PHN', 'post-herpetic neuralgia']

answer: @entity9989 :: (MESH:D007065,Chemical) :: ['idoxuridine']


abstract: This study examines the long-term outcomes of a cohort of @entity1 with @entity1582 who were treated with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens after a minimum follow-up of 5 years at our centre. A total of 53 @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (Allo- @entity12497 ) between January 2000 and January 2007 were identified. The median follow-up of living @entity1 was 84 months (51-141). The median age of the @entity1582 @entity1 was 50 (28-70) years. Fifty-one @entity1 (96%) received a transplant from a sibling donor. The median time between diagnosis and Allo- @entity12497 was 34 months (6-161), and the median time between auto- @entity12497 and Allo- @entity12497 was 10 months (1-89). Fifty-one @entity1 (96%) received at least one auto- @entity12497 ; 24 @entity1 (45%) received a tandem auto-Allo- @entity12497 . At last follow-up, 21 @entity1 (40%) are alive > 5 years post RIC Allo- @entity12497 . At last follow-up, 14 (26%) are in first complete remission (CR), and four @entity1 (8%) in second CR after donor lymphocyte infusion or re-induction with one of the new anti- @entity1582 drugs ( @entity1749 or @entity6985 ) after Allo- @entity12497 . Eight @entity1 (38%) among these long survivors received one of these new drugs as induction or relapse treatment before Allo- @entity12497 . Disease status and occurrence of cGvHD were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS); hazard ratio (HR) = 0.62 (0.30-1.29, P = 0.20). Acute GvHD was correlated with higher transplant-related mortality; HR = 4.19 (1.05-16.77, P = 0.04). No variables were associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). In conclusion, we observe that long-term disease control can be expected in a subset of @entity1582 @entity1 undergoing RIC Allo- @entity12497 . After 10 years, the @entity1349 and PFS were 32% and 24%, respectively. The PFS curve after Allo- @entity12497 stabilizes in time with a plateau after 6 years post Allo- @entity12497 .

title: Long-term outcome after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning in XXXX with @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Genomics technologies are used in several disciplines, including toxicology. However, these technologies are relatively new, and their applications require further investigations. When investigators apply these technologies to in vitro experiments, two major issues need to be clarified: a) can in vitro @entity137 studies, in combination with genomics analyses, be used to predict the @entity137 of a compound; and b) are the generated toxicogenomics data reproducible between laboratories? These questions were addressed by an interlaboratory study with laboratories of four pharmaceutical companies. We evaluated gene expression patterns from cultured @entity35 primary hepatocytes after a 24-hr incubation with @entity21371 (MP). Extensive data analysis showed that comparison of genomics data from different sources is complex because both experimental and statistical variability are important confounding factors. However, appropriate statistical tools allowed us to use gene expression profiles to distinguish high-dose-treated cells from vehicle-treated cells. Moreover, we correctly identified MP in an independently generated in vitro database, underlining that in vitro toxicogenomics could be a predictive tool for @entity137 . From a mechanistic point of view, despite the observed site-to-site variability, there was good concordance regarding the affected biologic processes. Several subsets of regulated genes were obtained by analyzing the data sets with one method or using different statistical analysis methods. The identified genes are involved in cellular processes that are associated to the exposure of primary hepatocytes to MP. Whether they are specific for MP and are cause or consequence of the @entity137 requires further investigations.

title: Gene expression analysis of the hepatotoxicant XXXX in primary @entity35 hepatocytes: an interlaboratory study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21371 :: ('MESH:D008701', 'Chemical') :: ['methapyrilene']

answer: @entity21371 :: (MESH:D008701,Chemical) :: ['methapyrilene']


abstract: Abdominal ultrasound is the primary imaging study for @entity1 with suspected @entity3123 . Unless the @entity5 is large, this test might not be abnormal. The next appropriate test in the diagnostic work-up is the EUS. If this technique is not available, dual-phase spiral CT might be ordered instead. In cases which remain unclear or require palliative relief of @entity253 . It has been proposed that diagnosis and staging of a @entity3123 can be afforded by an all-in-one investigation using MRI, MRCP and MR-angiography. But at present, the superiority of MRI for diagnosing @entity788 is insufficiently established. Conventional angiography does no longer play a role in the staging process. Fine-needle aspiration of focal @entity660 is only recommended in @entity1 who have unresectable lesions or who are more likely to have a focal inflammatory lesion in chronic @entity788 . Laparoscopy is indicated if there is a high likelihood of unrecognized peritoneal or hepatic micrometastases in @entity1 who are otherwise candidates for a surgical cure. Furthermore, laparoscopy should only be performed if the proof of @entity3 precludes further surgery or if palliative surgery is not necessary. Tumor markers and genetic markers might help to detect @entity788 . However, the optimal screening method for the diagnosis of early and potentially curable @entity788 is not in sight as yet.

title: [Gastroenterology diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The detection of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutations on small biopsy or fine-needle aspiration samples is required to guide therapy in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). In this study, the authors compared results from @entity470 mutation testing on both cytologic smears and surgical specimens and also compared the performance of platforms using 2 different technologies (pyrosequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction) for both specimen types. METHODS: Specimens from 114 @entity1 were divided into 2 subsets. The first subset had 60 paired cytology smears and surgical specimens, including 37 paired specimens from the same site and 23 paired specimens from different sites. The second subset consisted of nonpaired cytology smears and @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) tissues (including 8 cell blocks), which were compared on the pyrosequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction platforms. Laser-capture microscopy was used to enrich @entity5 in the FFPE specimens before DNA extraction. RESULTS: All cytology smears that were used in the study were adequate for analysis on both platforms. Comparison between smears and concurrent FFPE tissues from the same anatomic site had a concordance rate of 97%. The concordance rate between the pyrosequencing platform and the real-time polymerase chain reaction platform was 84% and 85% for FFPE tissues and cytology smears, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that direct extraction and analysis of @entity470 mutations from cytology smears can be performed successfully on both a pyrosequencing platform and a real-time polymerase chain reaction platform with results comparable to those achieved in matched surgical specimens. In fine-needle aspiration/endobronchial ultrasound samples with limited tissue, cytology smears can be important for molecular analysis. @entity5 ( @entity5 Cytopathol) 2013;121:361-369.    2012 American @entity5 Society.

title: Comparative study of XXXX mutation analysis on cytology smears and surgical pathology specimens from primary and metastatic lung carcinomas.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: Little attention has been directed toward the action of atrial peptides on integrated cardiovascular function. In conscious @entity235 intravenous injection of atriopeptin 24 (10 micrograms/kg) reduced mean arterial pressure (11 +/- 3.2%), mean left atrial pressure (32 +/- 8.6%), left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (24 +/- 4.3%), and increased heart rate (25 +/- 6.2%). LV dP/dt and @entity64 volume increased 17 +/- 4.0 and 12 +/- 3.3%, respectively. Cardiac output increased 39 +/- 6.3%. These effects were only acute, lasting less than 10 min. The @entity591 and increase in LV dP/dt were abolished by combined beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic blocking agents. During an infusion of atriopeptin 24 (10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) blood flow, as measured with radioactive microspheres, increased to both the left (101 +/- 35%) and right kidney (122 +/- 37%) and to the spleen (140 +/- 50%). However, blood flow to the stomach, large and small intestine, pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle did not change, indicating the selectivity of the atriopeptin. Blood flow in the right ventricle, septum, and in all layers of the left ventricle increased slightly, resulting in no change in the @entity450 ratio most likely due to the changes in myocardial function, i.e., heart rate and @entity64 volume. Thus, in conscious @entity235 , atriopeptins increase myocardial performance most likely indirectly secondary to baroreflex unloading after the direct @entity551 effects of atriopeptin 24. This serves to increase cardiac output at a time when @entity8 are increased.

title: Integrated cardiac and peripheral vascular response to atriopeptin 24 in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and splenic blood flows']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['endocardial-to-epicardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: This study analyzed prognostic factors at primary diagnosis and at first recurrence for impact on survival after isolated locoregional failure. The aims were: (1) assessment of prognostic factors for time to second locoregional failure, distant failure, and survival in isolated locoregional recurrence of @entity0 after mastectomy; and (2) investigation of the impact of a second locoregional failure on dissemination and survival. Between 1983 and 1985, 99 @entity1 who had undergone mastectomy and then developed isolated local and/or regional recurrences, were treated with radical excision and radiotherapy; none of these @entity1 had distant metastases. Survival and the times to second local failure and distant @entity3 were analyzed according to potential prognostic factors. The median follow-up was 123 months; 38 @entity1 were still alive. Median survival was 89 months and the 10-year survival rate was 38%, with no difference between local and regional recurrences. A total of 43 @entity1 developed a second locoregional recurrence after a median of 73 months; primary @entity5 size and initial node status were significant independent prognostic factors. The annual hazard rates for recurrence were similar for @entity1 developing local failure or systemic recurrence. The 10-year rate of dissemination was 49% for @entity1 with locoregional control, compared with 51% for @entity1 who had a second locoregional recurrence. The prognostic factors for survival were node status at mastectomy and haemoglobin level at first recurrence. The development of a second locoregional recurrence was not associated with an increased risk of dissemination or reduced survival. Differences in prognostic factors for locoregional control and distant metastases suggest that these recurrences represent different biological entities that require different treatment strategies. However, as the achievement of locoregional control had no influence on prognosis, the use of systemic adjuvant therapy may be warranted in a subset of these @entity1 .

title: Survival and pattern of failure following locoregional recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Cytokeratins are epithelial markers whose expression is not lost during malignant transformation. The level of soluble cytokeratin fragment 19 was measured with an enzyme immunoassay method developed by Boehringer Mannheim (Enzymum-test CYFRA 21-1) in the serum of 200 male and 50 female @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity2 (120 planocellulare and 80 @entity420 in males; 22 planocellulare and 28 @entity420 in females). The comparative group comprised 50 young healthy males and 50 females without any clinical proof for @entity5 or any other @entity358 . The aim of this investigation was to find out if any possible statistical difference exists in the serum level of CYFRA 21-1 between @entity1 with @entity2 and healthy controls, and also between different types of @entity2 . The mean value of serum CYFRA 21-1 in @entity1149 (6.25 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in healthy controls (1.26 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). Sensitivity for CYFRA 21-1 (using 3.3 ng/ml, a cut-off value corresponding to a 98% specificity for healthy controls) in @entity1149 was 60.5%. Positive CYFRA 21-1 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity189 planocellulare (66.2%) than in @entity420 (52.1%). CYFRA 21-1 levels were significantly different between @entity957 (6.52 ng/ml) and @entity420 (5.86 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that CYFRA 21-1 may be a useful @entity5 marker in @entity1149 , especially in @entity189 planocellulare. CYFRA 21-1 may also be useful in identification of the preoperative stages of diseases and the postoperative monitoring of @entity1149 .

title: Serum @entity5 marker CYFRA 21-1 in the diagnostics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non Small Cell Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['NSCLC lung cancer']


abstract: Pregnancy-associated @entity0 (PABC) is not a rare event. The association frequently imposes a management challenge. We intended to review the clinical features, therapy, and outcome of @entity1 with PABC seen at a single institution over a five-year period and to compare those with that seen in a matched control group. Data of all @entity1 with PABC diagnosed during pregnancy were retrospectively reviewed (Group I). For each @entity1 in Group I, three matched controls with @entity0 without pregnancy were identified (matched for age, stage, and year of diagnosis, Group II). 72 @entity1 in Group I and 216 in Group II were identified. Their median age was similar (34 vs 35 y, respectively). The median number of prior pregnancies for @entity1 in Groups I and II was 5. @entity1 had shorter duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis as compared with their controls (5.6 vs 9.4 months, P < 0.0001). 3%, 31%, 40%, and 26% of @entity1 had Stage I to IV, respectively. A pattern that was similar to that seen in our @entity0 population. Pregnancy was terminated in 34 @entity1 (47%), while 38 (53%) had normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. 47 @entity1 in Group I had surgery; 37 (52%) had modified radical mastectomy and 10 (14%) had conservative surgery. In 37 @entity1 surgery was performed after termination of pregnancy and 10 had surgery performed during pregnancy. The median number of positive lymph nodes in Group I was 4 as compared with 2 for @entity1 in Group II. No @entity1 in Group I had systemic chemotherapy during first trimester, while only 4 (6%) and 3 (4%) received adjuvant or neoadjuvant during second and third trimester, respectively. No @entity600 in the newborns was diagnosed. None of the @entity1 in Group I received radiotherapy during pregnancy. Over a median of 47.5 months, 48 (67%) @entity1 in Group I were alive as compared to 126 (58%) in Group II, with no difference in the median survival (P= 0.79). Comparing @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between the two groups stage for stage also showed no significant difference. Also there was no difference in progression-free survival between the two groups. Cox proportional hazard model identified advanced stage as the only independent adverse prognostic variable that influenced @entity1349 in Group I. Despite that this series included a relatively young population with a high fertility rate, the study confirmed the lack of a survival difference between @entity1 with PABC and their matched controls.

title: Pregnancy-associated XXXX : a case-control study in a young population with a high-fertility rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity263 , treated with localized @entity5 @entity221 (LTH), can potentially serve as a source of @entity5 antigen, where dying apoptotic/necrotic cells release @entity5 peptides slowly over time. In addition, LTH-treated cells can release @entity1457 proteins that can chaperone antigenic peptides to antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells. We attempted to discern whether sequential LTH and intratumoral dendritic cell and/or systemic @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) would activate antitumor immune response in a syngeneic @entity19 model of @entity263 (RM-1). Palpable RM-1 @entity5 , grown in the distal appendage of C57BL/6 male @entity19 , were subjected to LTH (43.7 degrees C for 1 h) x 2, separated by 5 days. Following the second LTH treatment, animals received either PBS or dendritic cells (2 x 10(6)) intratumorally (every 3 days for three injections). Separate cohorts also received i.v. injection of recombinant adenovirus-expressing @entity19 @entity2304 (AdGMCSF), 1 day after LTH. Control animals received AdenoLacZ or AdenoGFP. Intratumoral dendritic cell injection induced @entity5 -specific T-helper cell activity (IFNgamma ELISPOTS) and CTL activity, which was further augmented by AdGMCSF, indicating amplification of @entity5 -specific @entity630 immunity. The combination of LTH, AdGMCSF, and intratumoral dendritic cell injection resulted in significant @entity5 growth delays when compared with animal cohorts that received LTH alone. These results support an in situ autovaccination strategy where systemic administration of @entity2304 and/or intratumoral injection of autologous dendritic cells, when combined with LTH, could be an effective treatment for local and systemic recurrence of @entity263 .

title: Localized XXXX combined with intratumoral dendritic cells induces systemic antitumor immunity.

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: @entity5 cell dissemination in the bone marrow is an independent prognostic marker for relapse and survival for @entity1 with primary @entity0 . @entity4293 ( @entity4293 ) is expressed in most @entity5 and bone metastases of @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity4293 acts as an autocrine growth factor for @entity0 cells in vitro and there is evidence that it is especially important for osseous @entity3 . For a sensitive detection of @entity4293 -positive disseminated @entity5 cells a reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction ( @entity138 /PCR) assay for @entity4293 transcripts in the peripheral blood (PB) and in the bone marrow (BM) has been established. In mixing studies, the sensitivity of the reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction ( @entity138 /PCR) for @entity4293 was one @entity5 cell in 1 x 10(6) mononuclear cells. At this level of sensitivity, transcripts of @entity4293 were detected in none of 30 PB samples and in 3 of 25 BM samples of healthy volunteers; there were also no transcripts of @entity4293 in the PB and BM of 6 @entity1 with benign breast lesions. The PB samples of 31 @entity1 and the BM samples of 34 @entity1 with predominantly @entity0 were tested for @entity4293 expression along with immunocytology against @entity2873 ( @entity2873 ) as a standard immunological detection technique. @entity4293 expression was shown in 9 of 31 @entity1 in the PB and in 9 of 34 @entity1 in the BM. In 30 @entity1 , PB and BM samples were available simultaneously. There were cases of combined positive findings in the PB and the BM (4/30) and of isolated positivity in the PB (5/30) or in the BM (4/30). Compared to immunocytology, @entity138 /PCR assay of @entity4293 assay was significantly more sensitive in the peripheral blood (8/30 by @entity138 /PCR compared to 1/30 by immunocytology). In the bone marrow there were cases of positivity for both markers (2/34), cases of isolated positivity by immunocytology for @entity2873 (3/34) and cases of isolated positivity for @entity4293 transcripts (7/34). In conclusion the @entity138 /PCR assay for @entity4293 transcripts is a feasible and very sensitive technique for the detection of @entity5 cell dissemination in the PB, even in @entity1 with @entity0 . The specificity of detection of @entity4293 transcripts in the bone marrow is limited, possibly because of autochthonous expression of @entity4293 in osteoblastic cells. The clinical follow-up of the subgroups of @entity1 at risk, as defined by this assay, will show its prognostic significance for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction analysis of parathyroid hormone-related protein for the detection of XXXX cell dissemination in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of @entity1 with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4293 :: ('5744', 'Gene') :: ['PTHrP', 'Parathyroid-hormone-related protein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The effect of local anaesthetics on spinal nociception and activation of the @entity2339 ( @entity2339 ) was examined in a porcine model of abdominal surgery. A standardised laparotomy without visceral involvement was performed on 24 @entity1707 . One group received a unilateral infiltration of mixed @entity3303 and @entity1341 in skin, muscle and peritoneum of the surgical area prior to surgery (n=12), while local anaesthetics were replaced by isotonic saline in a second group (n=12). A sham group was subjected to anaesthesia (n=8), but did not undergo surgery. Two hours after surgery, half of the @entity1707 from each group were perfused with @entity406 and the spinal cord was taken out for stereological quantification of the total number of @entity51876 -like-immunoreactive ( @entity51876 -LI) neurones in the dorsal horn. Surgery with saline gave rise to a significant increase in the number of @entity51876 -LI neurones ipsilaterally (107,001+/-16,548; p<0.001) as well as contralaterally (12,766+/-3,842; p<0.01) compared to the sham group. In animals undergoing surgery with LA, the number of @entity51876 -LI neurones ipsilaterally was not significantly different from the sham group (p=0.78), and was reduced significantly both ipsilaterally (6960+/-1662; p<0.001) and contralaterally (3974+/-1131; p<0.05) compared to the saline group. In the other half of each group, blood samples, for determination of ACTH, @entity701 , @entity24696 and @entity23677 concentrations, were drawn prior to and at predetermined time-points during and after surgery. Surgery with saline gave rise to dramatic increases in plasma ACTH and @entity701 (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) within 15 min of incision. In contrast, no changes from the initial concentrations of ACTH and @entity701 were observed in @entity1707 receiving local anaesthetics. No changes in plasma concentrations of @entity24696 or @entity23677 were observed in either of the groups. These results indicate that spinal nociception and @entity2339 activation caused by laparotomy in @entity1707 can be attenuated by use of infiltration and incisional local anaesthetics prior to surgery. The present model provides a valuable tool in the evaluation of analgesic treatment during surgery, offering objective measures of both nociception and stress.

title: Local anaesthetics attenuates spinal nociception and @entity2339 activation during experimental laparotomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis', 'HPA-axis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of the reverse transposition of pedicled soleus muscle flap in repairing soft tissue defects after @entity174 . METHODS: From May 2002 to June 2006, 14 @entity1 (11 males, 3 females; aging 20-50 years) with soft tissue defects after @entity174 underwent repairing operations with the reverse soleus muscle flaps. The soft tissue defects ranged from 7.0 cm x 3.5 cm to 10.0 cm x 6.0 cm. Of the @entity1 , Pilon @entity174 were treated by internal fixations in 9 cases, open Pilon @entity174 were treated by external fixations in 5 cases. The area of muscle flap ranged from 8.5 cm x 5.5 cm to 12.5 cm x 7.5 cm. RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved primary healings, and the grafting skin survived. Twelve flaps survived completely but 2 flaps had mild @entity281 , which survived after dressing change. Eleven @entity1 were followed up for 3 to 26 months, averaged 15 months. The flap appearances were good and smooth without @entity1066 . The dorsiflexion ranges of ankle joint were 10-25 degrees, and @entity1411 were 15-40 degrees. The gait was normal. CONCLUSION: The reverse soleus muscle flap is no need to reveal blood vessel pedicle and has constant position of anatomy. It has big muscle belly, convenient-to-move and circuitation 180 degrees. It is profitable to reduce @entity281 rate and to promote wound healing to raise local osteotylus.

title: [Repair of soft tissue defect by reverse soleus muscle flap after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Pilon fracture fixation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar flexion ranges']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pilon fracture fixation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the advantages of fibrinolytic therapy in @entity583 only about 20% of these @entity1 receive this therapy. We studied @entity1 excluded from fibrinolysis to identify subgroups with high mortality, which could derive benefit from more liberal interpretation of the indications for fibrinolytic therapy. METHODS: Retrospective chart review to identify @entity1 with @entity583 in our coronary care unit 7/88-7/89. All @entity1 received a questionnaire one year after this @entity583 . @entity1 not answering the questionnaire were contacted by phone or the information was sought from their physician. Indications for thrombolysis (with streptokinase or rTPA) were ST elevations of greater than or equal to 2 mm in greater than 2 adjacent leads and the absence of contraindications. RESULTS: In 231/242 (95%) of the identified @entity1 a complete follow-up was obtained, 32% were age greater than 70 years, 30% were admitted greater than 6 h after the beginning of the symptoms, 64% did not fulfil the ECG criteria for thrombolysis, 21% (49/231) received thrombolytic therapy. The mortality after one year was 20.3% in @entity1 not treated with thrombolysis and 8.2% in @entity1 with thrombolysis (difference 12.1%, 95% confidence interval 2.9-21.3%, p = 0.048). @entity1 with preceding old @entity1188 (n = 58) fulfilled the ECG criteria for thrombolysis in a significantly smaller proportion (21% vs 41%, p = 0.004). Of all @entity1 12% were excluded from thrombolytic therapy due to a negative initial ECG and yet developed a Q ware @entity1188 . The one year mortality of @entity1 not given thrombolysis and with a Q wave @entity1188 was 24% (22/93, p = 0.02 as compared to @entity1 with thrombolysis), in @entity1 with non Q wave @entity1188 it was 13% (11/82, p = 0.41) and in @entity1 with ambiguous ECG it was 57% (4/7, p = 0.006). The mortality in @entity1 with a preceding @entity1188 was 31% and significantly higher than in @entity1 with a first @entity1188 (16%, p = 0.049) and in @entity1 receiving thrombolysis (8.2%, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: By excluding @entity1 with @entity583 from thrombolytic therapy a group with high first year mortality is selected. Most @entity1 are excluded because of an initial ECG not showing enough @entity63 to fulfil the criteria for thrombolytic therapy. A prospective study of thrombolytic therapy using less rigid ECG criteria in the subgroups with the highest mortality ( @entity1 with preceding @entity583 or ambiguous ECG) seems necessary.

title: [Are ECG criteria for indications for thrombolysis in acute XXXX defined too narrowly?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: The spectroscopic characterizations of solid substrate room temperature phosphorescence (SS-RTP) of @entity12598 ( @entity15409 ) have been studied. Strong RTP signal at 615nm can be induced on filter paper in the presence of TIAc. The interaction between @entity291 thymus DNA (ctDNA) and @entity15409 has been investigated at pH 6.90 using fluorescence, UV-vis, SS-RTP and cyclic voltammogram spectroscopy. Strong binding affinity of @entity15409 with DNA is revealed from the absorption and fluorescence studies in the liquid state. With the addition of ctDNA, the fluorescence intensity of @entity15409 is enhanced greatly and UV-vis spectra show no apparent hypochromicity and red shift, which indicates that @entity15409 intercalates into ctDNA bases. However, this conclusion could not explain the phenomena from fluorescence polarization and denatured DNA measurements, which indicate that groove binding is at least the main binding mode. Binding constant and binding site size have been calculated to be 2.57x10(4)L/mol and 0.16 based on Scatchard plot from fluorescence titration data. Groove binding has also been supported by phosphorescence lifetime and anion quenching experiments. Above studies demonstrate that there should exist intercalative binding and groove binding in the interaction of @entity15409 and DNA. Furthermore, cyclic voltammogram study suggests that electrostatic binding exists at the same time exactly. Taken together, the binding model obtained in this study is mixed-mode.

title: Study on the phosphorescence characterizations of XXXX on the solid substrate and its interaction with ctDNA.

entities_list: @entity12598 :: ('MESH:C005413', 'Chemical') :: ['palmatine']

answer: @entity12598 :: (MESH:C005413,Chemical) :: ['palmatine chloride']


abstract: An observational study was conducted to determine immunogenicity before and after primary and secondary vaccinations with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in a cohort of 40 elderly @entity1 with chronic @entity358 . Safety of this vaccine was also compared between primary and secondary vaccination. We analyzed serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) for serotypes 6B, 14, 19F, and 23F and compared adverse local and systemic reactions. The levels of serotype-specific IgG and the OIs significantly increased 1 month after primary and secondary vaccinations. Peak levels of IgG after secondary vaccination were 5-20% lower than those after primary vaccination, while serotype-specific OIs after secondary vaccination were comparable with those after primary vaccination. The levels of serotype-specific IgG required for 50% killing significantly decreased 1 month after vaccination. These values for serotypes 14, 19F, and 23F were slightly elevated immediately before secondary vaccination, but those for serotype 6B did not change. After secondary vaccination, these values declined slightly for serotypes 14, 19F, and 23F and remained low for serotype 6B. Although self-limited local and systemic reactions were more frequent after secondary vaccination compared with primary vaccination, no serious systemic reaction was found after either vaccination. Our data suggest a sustained functional serotype-specific IgG after primary and secondary vaccination and confirmed the safety of secondary vaccination among elderly individuals with @entity1030 .

title: Sustained functional serotype-specific antibody after primary and secondary vaccinations with a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in elderly @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['OI', 'opsonization index']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic lung disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Quality-of-care indicators have not yet been defined for @entity1 with @entity150 . Nonetheless, certain aspects of @entity150 care can be evaluated to quantify the quality of care delivered. We sought to determine trends in continent urinary diversion to evaluate the adoption of this more optimal reconstruction. METHODS: Subjects who underwent radical cystectomy for a primary diagnosis of @entity150 were identified from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample. We identified covariates independently associated with utilization of continent urinary diversion after radical cystectomy using multivariate logistic regression modeling. We then examined trends in diversion type based on @entity1 and hospital characteristics and examined the impact of hospital volume on use of continent reconstruction. RESULTS: Our weighted sample included 5,075 subjects (14.3%) who underwent continent urinary diversion and 30,295 subjects (85.7%) who underwent an ileal conduit. Independent correlates of continent diversion included younger age, male gender, having private insurance, and undergoing surgery at an urban teaching hospital. Hospitals performing continent diversions on more than 40% of their cystectomies had a yearly cystectomy volume of 0.8 surgeries. Subjects treated at high-volume hospitals trended toward lower rates of comorbid conditions. CONCLUSIONS: We identified substantial disparities in continent diversion which, based on yearly trends, are unlikely to improve in the near future. Continent reconstructions are not the exclusive domain of high-volume cystectomy centers. Yet efforts to increase rates of this complex reconstruction must concentrate on technique dissemination and better definition of the quality-of-life detriments incurred by cystectomy @entity1 .

title: Quality of care in XXXX : trends in urinary diversion following radical cystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: @entity32766 venom contains many phospholipase A2 ( @entity23834 ) toxins. In the present study two toxic PLA2s have been purified from the @entity32766 ( @entity32766 ) venom by column chromatography. The NN-XIa-and NN-XIb-PLA2s have mol. wts between 10,700 and 15,000. The NN-XIa- @entity23834 induces myotoxic effects, @entity4 and @entity2359 in @entity19 and has an i.p. LD50 of 8.5 mg/kg body weight. The NN-XIa- @entity23834 is also cytotoxic to Ehrlich ascites @entity5 cells. The other @entity23834 , NN-XIb, in contrast has an i.p. LD50 of 0.22 mg/kg body weight, and it induces acute @entity2359 . The NN-XIb- @entity23834 is devoid of the other biological activities which are exhibited by NN-XIa- @entity23834 .

title: Comparative characterization of two toxic phospholipases A2 from @entity32766 ( XXXX ) venom.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity32766 :: ('35670', 'Species') :: ['Naja naja naja', 'Indian cobra']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity32766 :: (35670,Species) :: ['Naja naja naja']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity302 EL @entity19 has been studied extensively as a model of @entity302 . Although EL @entity19 have a @entity410 occasionally during routine handling associated with cage changing, most studies have used vigorous tossing or shaking procedures for @entity410 induction. A new @entity410 testing procedure was developed that involved @entity12168 and simulated situations associated with emotional stress in rodents. This new testing procedure was used to identify and characterize several environmental risk factors that influence @entity410 predisposition in EL @entity19 . METHODS: Ten adult EL @entity19 were monitored for 7 days under 24-h light/dark video surveillance to assess the frequency of spontaneous @entity410 . The development of handling-induced @entity410 also was studied in EL @entity19 , in nonepileptic @entity24350 and DDY @entity19 , and in reciprocal @entity24350 x @entity35819 hybrids from ages 30-180 days. RESULTS: @entity410 induction was necessary in EL @entity19 , as spontaneous clinical @entity410 were not observed. Handling-induced @entity410 susceptibility was strongly age and gender dependent in naive EL @entity19 (not previously handled) and peaked approximately 90 days, with males significantly more susceptible than females. No @entity410 were induced by handling in the nonepileptic @entity19 strains ( @entity24350 and DDY) over the testing period. Handling and @entity410 at young ages in EL and EL x @entity24350 F1 hybrid @entity19 significantly enhanced their @entity410 susceptibility when they were tested again 1 month later. A significant "Gowers effect" was seen also in EL @entity19 . Furthermore, susceptibility was higher in @entity24350 x @entity35819 hybrids than in their reciprocal EL x @entity24350 F1 hybrids at 90-150 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity410 susceptibility in EL @entity19 was significantly influenced by a number of environmental factors including age, gender, maternal/paternal effects, prior handling, and @entity410 history. The emotional stress/fear response is the likely trigger for @entity410 induction in EL @entity19 . An early life experience stress-diathesis model, similar to that proposed for @entity308 in @entity1 , was applicable to the development of @entity410 susceptibility in EL @entity19 . The new @entity410 test will be useful for defining gene-environment interactions and in identifying susceptibility genes for @entity302 .

title: Environmental risk factors for @entity302 in EL XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'multifactorial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['gentle handling']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In 1983 Talpaz et al. (43) for the first time demonstrated the efficacy of interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). This observation has been confirmed by several study groups in the consecutive years. An overview over the 7 largest trials including more than 400 @entity1 reveals response rates (partial and complete hematological remissions) of 55 to 91%. In contrast to conventional chemotherapy @entity3027 treatment resulted in a decrease of Philadelphia-chromosome positive metaphases (cytogenetic remissions) in 19 to 47% of these @entity1 . A complete disappearance of the Philadelphia chromosome was found in 5 to 10% of @entity1 . The following factors influence the response to @entity3027 in @entity1 with @entity1860 : phase and duration of the disease, several well defined risk factors, and IFN-dose. Currently available data are strongly suggestive for a survival benefit of @entity1 with cytogenetic remissions, although definitive prove by phase-III trials is lacking. Actual studies focus on combinations of @entity3027 and cytostatics, e.g. low-dose @entity2592 .

title: [Value of interferon-alpha in treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the prognostic significance of serial @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) in new heart transplant recipients and to examine the relation between persistent @entity854 and the eventual development of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) as assessed by angiography. BACKGROUND: Allograft @entity453 is a major cause of graft failure. However, clinical diagnosis of the @entity66 remains difficult. The reasons for this include the diffuse nature of the disease and its predilection for the microvasculature, which are not easily detected by coronary angiography. Identifying @entity1 at risk for the development of @entity453 early after transplantation may allow such @entity1 to be targeted for aggressive treatment options to prevent subsequent @entity299 and early graft failure. METHODS: Twenty-two new heart transplant recipients were selected to undergo serial DSE at the time of their regularly scheduled endomyocardial biopsy. In addition, @entity1 underwent scheduled annual coronary angiography. DSE was performed in 5-min stages with infusion of intravenous @entity452 at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 microg/kg body weight per min. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 had 91 DSE studies and 45 coronary angiograms. The @entity1 were categorized into three groups based on the echocardiographic results. Group 1 (n = 7) had normal serial stress echocardiographic studies. Group 2 (n = 4) had transient inducible @entity854 . Group 3 (n = 11) developed persistent @entity854 . During a mean follow-up time of 32 +/- 11 months (range 5 to 50), 8 (73%) of 11 @entity1 in Group 3 developed events. The events included @entity453 (n = 7), @entity583 ( @entity583 ) (n = 1) and @entity204 (n = 3). The @entity1 who developed an @entity583 had a normal coronary angiogram. No @entity299 or @entity66 occurred in either Group 1 or 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity452 -induced @entity854 , which are persistent in new heart transplant recipients, are predictive of the development of @entity453 , @entity583 or @entity204 .

title: @entity452 stress echocardiography early after heart transplantation predicts development of allograft XXXX and outcome.

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease', 'angiographic disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'angiographic CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to provide a simple, pharmacokinetic rationale for great similarity in the extent ( @entity1334 ) of gastrointestinal absorption of about 100 different, diverse compounds between @entity1 and the @entity35 in linear dosing range, and to test the general applicability of a novel empirical method to correlate the non-linear @entity1334 between the @entity1 and the @entity35 by normalizing doses by body surface area (BSA) or body weight 0.67. METHOD: The mean small intestinal transit time (t) of 36 @entity35 was estimated from the reported study, and this was used to compare with that in @entity1 . The reported great similarity in apparent first-order absorption rate constants (k) of seven structurally diverse compounds between the two species were obtained. Extensive computer search was made and non-linear @entity1334 data for the two species were obtained for @entity10010 , @entity1033 , @entity35855 and @entity54311 . RESULTS: The mean t for @entity35 was estimated to be 3.32 h which is almost identical to that reported in @entity1 . The great similarity in @entity1334 between @entity1 and @entity35 in linear absorption range can be rationalized by similar t and k between the two species. The markedly different @entity1334 vs dose/kg of body weight profiles between @entity1 and @entity35 for the four drugs showing dose-dependent @entity1334 were found to collapse when doses were normalized by BW0.67. CONCLUSION: For @entity1334 not limited by the solubility problem, the great similarity in @entity1334 between @entity1 and @entity35 in linear absorption range can be rationalized by the similar t and k. For non-linear @entity1334 drugs, great similarity in @entity1334 can also be obtained between @entity1 and @entity35 when doses are normalized by BSA or BW0.67. Regardless of absorption properties (active, passive or facilitated), similar @entity1334 between the two species may be generally obtained when doses used in @entity1 are about 5 to 7 times lower than that in @entity35 . The above findings may be valuable in drug development.

title: Similarity in the linear and non-linear oral absorption of drugs between XXXX and @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity54311 :: ('MESH:C036625', 'Chemical') :: ['pafenolol']

entities_list: @entity10010 :: ('MESH:D002740', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorothiazide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary @entity43 cells obtained from fresh @entity5 have many advantages over established cell lines. Therefore, a procedure for the specific and efficient purification of such neoplastic cells is critical. We report an effective immunomagnetic method for the isolation of @entity5 cells from the ascitic fluid of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity43 . METHODS: This procedure incorporates the use of monoclonal antibody (mAb) CC49, which recognizes the @entity5 -associated glycoprotein 72 ( @entity2797 ). @entity2797 is highly expressed on @entity43 cell surfaces with little or no reactivity with normal tissues. Also used in this protocol are immunomagnetic beads, which bind to the CC49 mAb via a secondary antibody. When @entity43 cells adhere to the magnetic beads, a magnetic field is used to separate the @entity5 cells from all other cellular components. RESULTS: Using ascitic fluid from five @entity1 , we found that preparations before purification contained between 38 and 52% neoplastic cells. Using our method, we produced preparations that were between 63 and 96% pure for @entity5 cells, thus obtaining an average increase in @entity5 cell enrichment of 86%. CONCLUSION: We, therefore, believe this method is preferable for producing high yields of pure ovarian neoplastic cells. We are now employing this technique in our laboratory to provide a stringent and pure template for our studies on gene transfer to primary @entity43 cells.

title: An immunomagnetic-based method for the purification of XXXX cells from @entity1 -derived ascites.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian tumor', 'ovarian adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity526 are gut microbiota bacteria that can cause disease in some @entity1 and other animals, including @entity235 and @entity468 that @entity1 often keep as pets. Diarrheagenic @entity526 (DEC) strains are classified into six categories: enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), and diffuse-adhering @entity526 (DAEC). In this study 144 and 163 @entity526 colonies were isolated from the fecal samples of 50 @entity235 and 50 @entity468 , respectively, with and without @entity294 from a Veterinary Hospital (clinical isolates). The virulence factors were determined using multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. Adherence assays, antibacterial susceptibility and serotyping (somatic or flagellar antigens) were performed on DEC isolates. We found 25 (17.4%) and 4 (2.5%) DEC strains isolated from @entity235 and @entity468 , respectively. Only the EPEC and EAEC pathotypes were found in both animals. Meanwhile, genes from other pathotypes (STEC, EIEC, and ETEC) were not found in these clinical isolates. All of the DEC strains showed @entity3913 -resistant adherence to HEp-2 and HeLa cells, and aggregative adherence was predominant in these isolates. Multiresistant strains to antimicrobials were found in most DEC strains including usual and unusual antimicrobials in veterinary practices. The serotypes of these DEC isolates were variable. The ONT serotype was predominant in these isolates. Some serotypes found in our study were described to @entity1 DEC. Here, we demonstrate that pets carry virulent DEC genes, which are mainly strains of EPECs and EAECs. The presence of these virulence factors in isolates from animals without @entity294 suggests that pets can act as a reservoir for @entity1 @entity281 .

title: Detection of diarrheagenic @entity526 strains isolated from @entity235 and XXXX in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: Irradiation of @entity19 with ultraviolet-B (UVB) can suppress @entity56 "systemically", even if hapten is applied to the non-irradiated skin site. We previously reported the factors influencing UVB-induced "local" immunosuppression. To obtain the most effective systemic immunosuppression, we further investigated the effect of the following factors on @entity56 to @entity18581 ( @entity18581 ): UVB dose, dividing exposure, timing of sensitization after irradiation, area of exposure, hapten concentration, age, and genetic basis. The suppression was enhanced by increasing UVB dose. When 1 J/cm2 of UVB was exposed, 4 daily divided exposures (0.25 J/cm2 x 4) was more suppressive than a single (1 J/cm2 x 1) or double divided (0.5 J/cm2 x 2) exposure. Five or 10 day intervals between irradiation and sensitization induced stronger suppression than 1 or 3 day intervals. When the total energy (Joule, J) was kept constant, the exposure of low dose-UVB to a large area (0.5 J/ cm2 x 16.45 cm2) suppressed @entity56 more strongly than did high dose-UVB to a small area (2 J/cm2 x 4.11 cm2). When 25 ml of @entity18581 solution was applied, high concentration induced lower suppression. The stronger suppression was most prominent in the young (7 week) than in the old (22 week) @entity19 . No difference was found in the systemic immunosuppression between C3H/HeN and Balb/c @entity19 . These results suggest that not only UVB dose but also various factors should be taken into consideration to effectively induce systemic immunosuppression.

title: Suppressive effect of ultraviolet B radiation on contact sensitization in XXXX . II. Systemic immunosuppression is modulated by ultraviolet irradiation and hapten application.

entities_list: @entity18581 :: ('MESH:D004139', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrofluorobenzene', 'DNFB']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['contact hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Appropriate treatment of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) remains a controversial issue. Whereas some authors recommend a conservative approach, based on the considerable rate of spontaneous remissions, others utilize early immunosuppressive treatment for most @entity1985 @entity1 with @entity8 . Our retrospective study consisted of 34 @entity1 who presented with @entity8 between the period from 1987 to 2002. The @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the type of treatment they received the immunosuppressive group comprised 18 @entity1 who received corticosteroids with/without other immunosuppressive drugs and the supportive group comprised 16 @entity1 who were treated with anti platelet drugs as supportive therapy. The amount of @entity644 at the base line was significantly higher in the immunosuppressive group than in the supportive group(4.7 +/- 2.9 vs. 2.7 +/- 2.7 g/24 h). At the end of the follow-up, complete remission was achieved more frequently in the immunosuppressive group than in the supportive group(9/18 vs. 3/16). This suggests that immunosuppressive treatment has the effect of decreasing @entity644 . At the end of the follow-up, 3 @entity1 in the immunosuppressive group and 2 @entity1 in the supportive group showed @entity177 (serum @entity1011 concentration > or = 1.5 mg/dl). Side effects besides @entity6 were not seen as a result of immunosuppressive treatment. Our findings suggest that immunosuppressive treatment in @entity8 cases appears to be beneficial for decreasing @entity644 , but the effect on prevention of @entity177 was not evident.

title: [Clinical outcome assessment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IMN', 'idiopathic membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: Coccidiosis in poultry is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, which is responsible for worldwide economic losses. The methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves was used in vivo for its pharmacological, antioxidant, and anticoccidial properties. Four groups of @entity19 were investigated. The first group was inoculated only with sterile saline and served as the control group. The second group was treated by oral gavage with neem extract (500  mg/kg) daily for 4  days. The third and fourth groups were infected with 10(3) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria papillata. The fourth group was also treated once daily with neem extract for 4  days. @entity982 sections from the jejunum as well as jejunal homogenate were prepared for the histopathological and biochemical investigations, respectively. The data showed that @entity19 infected with E. papillata revealed an output of 6.5       10(5)        29,753 oocysts per gram feces on day   4 postinoculation. This output is significantly decreased to 2.7       10(5)        37,341 oocysts in neem-treated @entity19 . Infection with E. papillata induced marked histopathological alterations in the jejunum in the form of @entity32 , vacuolation of the epithelium, and destruction of some villi. Also, the neem extract greatly diminished body weight loss of infected @entity19 . Moreover, the number of goblet cells stained with Alcian blue within the infected villi was significantly lowered (P    <=   0.05). In addition, E. papillata enhanced lipid peroxidation and @entity842 production in both serum and jejunum with concomitant reduction in @entity2041 . Neem induced marked improvements in all of the studied parameters as well as the histopathological features of the jejunum. Our study revealed that neem as a natural product has protective effects against E. papillata-induced @entity7843 .

title: Protective effect of Azadirachta indica extract against Eimeria papillata-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['coccidiosis']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity7843 :: (MESH:D003048,Disease) :: ['coccidiosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Variations in thyroid function are known to be associated with changes in adrenocortical activity. Previous studies in animals have suggested that long-standing @entity1378 may be associated with diminished adrenal functional reserve despite a continuing hyperactivity of the @entity2339 . In @entity1 , there has been no direct assessment of adrenal secretory reserve in clinical @entity2743 . This study aimed to assess adrenocortical reserve in response to low-dose ACTH, following @entity619 suppression, in @entity1 with severe @entity2743 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 (four @entity1 and six @entity1 , 30-45 years) with severe long-standing @entity2743 due to @entity66 (n=4) were studied at diagnosis and again when in a stable euthyroid state following drug therapy for 8-12 months. All @entity1 underwent ACTH stimulation tests at 0800h with ACTH(1-24) ( @entity5304 ; 0.1microg/kg body weight, i.v.) following overnight suppression of the @entity2339 with @entity619 (1mg per os at 2300h). Serum @entity701 was assayed at -15, 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90min after the administration of ACTH. RESULTS: The mean (+/-s.d.) peak and delta @entity701 responses to ACTH (634.5+/-164nmol/l and 618+/- 196nmol/l respectively), as well as the net area under the response curve (36769+/-12188nmol/lx min) in the @entity1378 @entity1 were significantly lower compared with the values when the same @entity1 were euthyroid (911+/-157nmol/l, 905+/-160nmol/l and 57652+/-10128nmol/lxmin respectively; P<0.005). Subnormal peak @entity701 responses (<500nmol/l) were observed in two severely @entity137 @entity1 . The findings were independent of the cause of @entity2743 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with severe @entity2743 , @entity701 secretion in response to low-dose ACTH stimulation, following @entity619 suppression, is lower in the @entity1378 than in the euthyroid state. It appears that @entity2743 is associated with @entity73 of adrenocortical reserve.

title: The effect of XXXX on adrenocortical reserve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease (n=6) or toxic nodular goitre"]

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['subtle impairment']

entities_list: @entity5304 :: ('MESH:D003366', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortrosyn']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: The steps in the pathogenesis of nerve @entity130 are depicted in Figure 1. Localisation of @entity4430 to nerve, Schwann cell @entity281 _ responses, as yet unknown mechanisms of injury, @entity194 , and finally @entity17 . These steps, and the mechanisms responsible for them, occur quickly in the course of this disease (as noted, even the earliest diagnostic lesions have @entity3002 ), but they are also chronic processes that may contribute to progressive @entity128 over a period of many years unless interrupted by treatment, and even after cure of the @entity281 in some @entity1 . A common feature throughout this pathogenesis is inflammation--within and around the nerve. @entity32 is not only defined by its chemical mediators such as cytokines and chemokines, but by one of the most basic phenomena of @entity4 . The extent to which @entity4 might contribute to nerve @entity130 has not been reviewed because it has not been studied in nerves affected by @entity1201 , although clinically, surgeons who perform neurolysis are convinced that they are decompressing nerves sustaining injury due to increased ( @entity4 ?) pressure. @entity32 in and around nerves is undoubtedly driven, in part, by the immunological responses in each of the portions of the immunologic spectrum of @entity1201 , but some inflammatory phenomena may be non-specific inflammation related to @entity281 and foreign material (i.e., mycobacterial components). Few if any fixed associations can be made between the steps outlined in this conceptual framework of events; even the depicted sequence of these events is uncertain. Considerable additional data is needed to determine the connections between these processes and their underlying mechanisms. Additionally, although much emphasis is given to myelinated fibres (and @entity17 ) in studies of the biology of @entity16 , the small, sensory fibres in the skin are not myelinated. Additional studies of mechanisms of injury to these nerves is required. The results of all of these studies can be reasonably expected to identify new points for clinical intervention in--and possibly the prevention of--nerve @entity130 .

title: The biology of nerve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'inflammation--edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['leprosy neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['sensory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['axonal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in leprosy']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury in leprosy']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate disturbances of vascular tonicity regulation in @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ) @entity1 using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) with calculation of amplitude-frequency blood flow fluctuations (variability) basing on the mathematical model wavelet-transformation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial included 101 @entity1 with verified @entity2631 aged 21-60 years (mean 52.3 years, 97 females). In addition, 15 and 10 @entity1 with primary and secondary Raynaud syndrome diagnosed by @entity12169 criteria, respectively, entered the trial. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. Cardiovascular @entity1 were not included in the study. Microcirculation was investigated with laser analyzer of capillary circulation in the tip of left hand finger III and external surface of the left arm. Endothelial motor function was studied in the tests with reactive @entity450 and @entity1242 . RESULTS: @entity2631 @entity1 were found to have a significantly higher variability and endothelial rhythm amplitude index in arm skin, reduced microcirculation, the variation index and high neurogenic tonicity in the hand finger tip. A direct correlation was found between severity and area of @entity272 (of the arm, in particular) and their amplitude of endothelial fluctuations (r = 0.38, p = 0.03) of circulation in the arm skin. Persistent correlations between skin count and LDF values were not registered. There was a significant regression of flow-dependent dilation of the brachial artery in @entity2631 @entity1 independent of classic cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: @entity2631 @entity1 have defects in regulation of vascular tonicity both in microcirculation and middle-caliber arteries. Vasomotor activity of the middle-caliber vessels is low in the absence of conventional @entity65 risk factors. LDF detects changes in local regulation in cardiovascular @entity1 confirming the role of @entity74 in its pathogenesis. The trend to systemic DE in cardiovascular @entity1 is associated with both disease-mediated @entity455 ( @entity1066 of finger tips, @entity120 ) and @entity65 markers.

title: [Endothelial dysfunction in XXXX : clinicopathogenetic correlations].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'scleroderma systematica']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendothelial disorders']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma systematica']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment following a response to chemotherapy to improve @entity5 and to identify the factors contributing to survival benefit. METHODOLOGY: In total, 148 @entity1 with cStage IV @entity356 were treated with S-1 and CDDP. We retrospectively evaluated the factors contributing to a survival benefit and the significance of surgical treatment. RESULTS: The 148 cStage IV @entity1 included 107 males with a median age of 61 years. The overall response rate was 54.7%. After chemotherapy, 97 @entity1 underwent surgery. R0 resection was successfully performed in 51 (52.6%) @entity1 . The overall @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of the @entity1 was 16.8 months, with a 5YSR of 16.4%. The @entity1349 of @entity1 who went on to receive surgery was 22.5 months, and the 5YSR was 19.6%. In the multivariate analysis of 97 @entity1 who underwent surgery, R0 resection, lymph node dissection of D2/D3 and obtaining a CR/PR from chemotherapy were the only independently prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The use of multi-modal treatment, including surgical treatment, at an appropriate time was well tolerated and effective for @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Significance of surgical treatment in multimodal therapy for stage IV highly advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A previous trial (the @entity34022 Acute @entity64 Study) generated the hypothesis that @entity34022 is effective in @entity1 with a major @entity385 (total anterior circulation syndrome), and this was tested in the present study. METHODS: A total of 1198 @entity1 with major @entity385 and a combination of limb @entity425 , higher @entity409 , and @entity227 were randomly assigned to @entity34022 (68 mg/kg IV over 24 hours) or placebo. The study drug was initiated within 12 hours of symptom onset. Functional outcome and neurological recovery were assessed at days 7, 30, and 90, with the proportion of @entity1 with a Barthel Index > or =60 at last follow-up as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: The @entity1 were randomly assigned equally, and the two treatment groups were well matched for baseline characteristics, including @entity64 severity (mean National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score 16.9+/-5.2). Ninety-six percent were classified as total anterior circulation syndrome. The proportion of @entity1 reaching a Barthel Index score of > or =60 was 42% in the @entity34022 -treated group and 46% in the placebo-treated group (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.05; P=0.11). There was no evidence of efficacy on any secondary outcome variables (modified Rankin Score, National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale, Scandinavian @entity64 Scale, and 30-day CT @entity1188 volumes) compared with placebo. Subgroup analysis showed a similar lack of treatment effect in @entity1 treated early (<6 hours) and in those treated later (6 to 12 hours). Somnolence was an expected pharmacological effect of @entity34022 , and this occurred during treatment as an adverse event in half of the @entity1 randomly assigned to study drug. CONCLUSIONS: The target population was selected, and sufficient drug was given to produce the expected pharmacological effect in the brain. @entity34022 does not improve outcome in @entity1 with major @entity385 .

title: @entity34022 Acute @entity64 Study in XXXX (CLASS-I): final results.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deficits']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity34022 :: ('MESH:D002719', 'Chemical') :: ['Clomethiazole', 'clomethiazole']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and negative predictive value of D-dimer levels measured by fast enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) in @entity1151 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective study of consecutive @entity1 with suspicion of @entity1151 attended in the Emergency Room of the Hospital de La Princesa in Madrid, Spain. @entity1031 was diagnosed with an algorithm established in the hospital, and D-dimer levels were determined by fast ELISA (VIDAS D-dimer Assay) in each @entity1 suspected of @entity1151 . @entity1 with negative findings from a test not considered a reference method for @entity1031 were followed for 3 months. RESULTS: Of 132 @entity1 with clinical suspicion, 28 (21.2%) were positive and 104 (78.7%) were negative for @entity887 . D-dimer levels were below 0.5 microg/mL in 31 @entity1 , 30 of whom did not have @entity1151 whereas 1 did. D-dimer levels were abowe 0..5 microg/mL in 101 @entity1 ; @entity1031 did not occur in 74 of these but was reported in the remaining 27. For a value of 1 microg/mL, 66 @entity1 had values below the cut off, 3 of whom presented @entity1151 . The remaining 66 @entity1 had D-dimer levels above or equal to 1 microg/mL; 25 of them had a positive diagnosis for @entity887 and 41 had a negative diagnosis. Sensitivity and negative predictive values were 96.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.8%-99.9%) and 96.8% (95% CI, 81.5%-98.8%), respectively, at a cut off of 0.5 microg/mL; and 89.2% (95% CI, 70.6%-97.2%) and 95.45% (95% CI, 86.4%-98.8%), respectively, at a cut off of 1 microg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: In an emergency room, @entity1031 can be excluded if plasma levels of D-dimer measured by fast ELISA are below 0.5 microg/mL because of the high negative predictive value at this cut off.

title: [Usefulness of fast ELISA determination of D-dimer levels for diagnosing XXXX in an emergency room].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A comprehensive evaluation of polypathological @entity1 (PP) should always include a functional evaluation. For this purpose, a modified version of the Barthel Index (BI) is the most applied questionnaire, and it consists of a 10-variable scale. The aim of this study was to develop a screening and confirmation tool to diagnose high disability with the fewest number of dimensions of the BI as possible. METHOD: This present cross-sectional observational multicentre study included PP attended in 36 Spanish hospitals that were divided into two geographical areas (Western and Eastern). The Western area was considered to be the derivation subgroup of PP, and the Eastern area was the validation subgroup. Complete disability for each item (value of 0) was assessed for the diagnosis of severe disability. Diagnostic validity indices (sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values [NPV and @entity2286 , respectively], and negative and positive likelihood ratios [NLR and PLR, respectively]) were determined for the derivation subgroup. The dimensions with the best diagnostic validity indices were then used to evaluate the validation subgroup. RESULTS: The analysis included 1521 PP, 753 PP from the Western area and 768 PP from the Eastern area. Needing complete help for bathing showed the highest NPV and lowest NLR in the derivation/validation subgroups (NPV 96.87/95.54, NLR 0.07/0.13). Being disabled for feeding alone showed high @entity2286 and PLR values ( @entity2286 97.97/95.65, PLR 109.25/49.62), as did disability for transfers ( @entity2286 98.48/97.96, PLR 143.36/107.68). In addition, complete disability for feeding and transfers had the best @entity2286 and PLR in both subgroups ( @entity2286 100/100, PLR X/0). CONCLUSIONS: A two-dimension mini-Barthel Index may represent a reliable diagnostic test for severe disability in PP.

title: Reliability of a short questionnaire for the diagnosis of severe disability in polypathological XXXX attended in hospital setting.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We investigated the efficacy and tolerability of 20 mg @entity9251 nasal spray in the acute treatment of @entity2686 attacks in an open-label study. 10 @entity1 met the criteria of the International @entity10 Society (IHS) for episodic or chronic @entity2686 and were enrolled in our study. The primary efficacy measure was " @entity158 free" 30 minutes after treatment. Secondary end-points included " @entity10 response" (defined as @entity10 improvement from "very severe", "severe" or moderate" @entity158 to "mild" or "no" @entity158 ) 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after treatment. We also assessed the @entity1 's overall treatment satisfaction at the end of the study. @entity9251 nasal spray was applied in 154 "moderate" to "very severe" @entity2686 attacks. 30 minutes after nasal spray application, 50% of attacks were completely aborted and 58% of attacks responded to treatment. The overall efficacy of @entity9251 nasal spray was considered "excellent" in two, "good" in four, "reasonable" in two and "poor" in two @entity1 . Eight @entity1 indicated their intention to treat further attacks with intranasal @entity9251 . Seven @entity1 were interviewed after a follow-up period of six months. Four @entity1 continued to treat all @entity2686 attacks with the intranasal @entity9251 formula, two @entity1 had switched to subcutaneous @entity9251 and one @entity1 was in remission since the end of the study. We conclude that 20 mg @entity9251 nasal spray might be an alternative therapy for the treatment of @entity2686 attacks, but double-blind studies are needed to further evaluate its efficacy.

title: Treatment of acute @entity2686 with 20 mg XXXX nasal spray--an open pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['Sumatriptan', 'sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity9251 :: (MESH:D018170,Chemical) :: ['sumatriptan']