abstract: @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) is the most common and pharmacoresistant form of @entity302 . Problems that cause pharmacoresistance may include delayed therapy due to late consultation, especially in developing countries. Our study aimed at unraveling consequences of delayed drug treatment using a @entity35 model of @entity1315 . Following @entity2134 -induced @entity159 interrupted after 4 @entity5698 were continuously videorecorded for onset and recurrence of spontaneous @entity410 . The animals were then treated for 50 days with @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ; first-line drug in @entity1315 and effective also in @entity35 ), starting at @entity410 onset (27.22+/-3.38 days after @entity159 ) or 50 days later, and compared with @entity302 untreated @entity35 and non- @entity302 @entity2050 -treated ones. Convulsive @entity410 frequency and duration, and hippocampal cell changes were evaluated. In particular, parvalbumin-containing hippocampal interneurons, astrocytes and microglia were characterized with immunohistochemistry and quantitative analyses. Prompt administration of @entity2050 suppressed @entity410 ; delayed treatment only decreased frequency of @entity410 , which were also relatively prolonged. In hippocampal regions, histopathological damage, parvalbumin immunoreactivity loss, and glial activation were very marked after delayed treatment, and were reduced only slightly compared to untreated @entity302 , but enhanced compared to early treatment. The data on high frequency and duration of @entity410 in late-therapy @entity35 indicate that delayed @entity2050 administration caused a high degree of drug resistance. This condition was subserved by severe damage in the hippocampus, presumably consequent to long-term @entity410 recurrence. Overall the data indicate that the paradigm of delayed treatment of limbic @entity302 could provide a model of drug-refractory @entity1315 with @entity131 .

title: Drug resistance and XXXX after delayed treatment of @entity2134 -induced @entity302 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsive seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'Temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal damage']


abstract: Changes in the innervation of the heart (right atrium), mesenteric blood vessels, vas deferens and superior cervical ganglia have been examined following long-term sympathectomy of the mature @entity35 . Patterns of innervation were investigated by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, while levels of @entity1063 and neuropeptides were measured by neurochemical assays. Large doses of @entity2997 (80 mg/kg) were given daily for four weeks to 12-14 week-old male @entity35 which were killed at 18-20 weeks of age. @entity2922 -containing nerves were severely depleted or absent in all tissues, together with a reduction in @entity1063 content. Neuropeptide Y levels were depleted by 97% in vas deferens, 78% in mesenteric vein and 50% in right atrium and superior cervical ganglion. Increases in levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide were seen in the mesenteric vein (up seven-fold), superior cervical ganglia (up 11-fold) and vas deferens (prostatic portion up three-fold), which were also evident by assessment of immunolabelling of nerve fibres. Calcitonin gene-related peptide levels were not increased in the right atrium. In addition, an increase in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerve fibre density was seen in the mesenteric artery and vas deferens, although no significant differences were observed in assays of vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in any tissue. No changes were seen in the innervation of any of the tissues by substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres either by immunohistochemical or immunochemical assay assessment. This study indicates that there are selective changes in the mature nervous system in response to the loss of sympathetic nerves. Differences between these changes and the response of the developing nervous system to long-term sympathectomy are discussed.

title: @entity2997 sympathectomy of mature XXXX leads to increases in calcitonin gene-related peptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing nerves.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Over the last 20 years, the treatment of @entity697 has been transformed by the development of the laparoscopic approach. And yet the net value of this approach continues to be debated. Laparoscopic appendectomy is associated with a lower complication rate and a shorter period of disability in the general population. While operative costs are higher, the global cost of laparoscopic appendectomy is lower than for open appendectomy. There is a somewhat higher rate of abdominal abscess for the laparoscopic route. Laparoscopic appendectomy shows clear advantages in @entity28 @entity1 and in those with gangrenous or @entity698 . The laparoscopic approach is contra-indicated during pregnancy due to a higher incidence of @entity2208 . Treatment of the @entity2466 by ligature decreases the expense associated with the use of a surgical stapler. When @entity8529 is encountered during appendectomy, it should be removed in all pediatric @entity1 ; in adults, Meckel's diverticulectomy in adults should be performed only for clear-cut pathology. Surgeons continue to innovate and refine appendectomy techniques but many questions remain to be answered.

title: [Surgical techniques of appendectomy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal stump']

entities_list: @entity8529 :: ('MESH:D008467', 'Disease') :: ["Meckel's diverticulum"]

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: 14 previously untreated @entity1 with @entity6340 according to Fredrickson underwent a controlled clinical trial. The study was designed to clarify the effects of @entity12880 on the bloodlipids. All @entity1 were willing to cooperate. After leaving their usual dietary habits all of them were given for seven to ten days a "prudent" diet. This diet was rich in vitamins; it had a low caloric-content. 20% of the calories consisted of proteins, 35% of @entity3363 (sweets were omitted) and about 45% of fats with a PS-factor of about 2.2. After the initial dietary treatment all @entity1 were given twice daily for 14 days 500 mg @entity12880 . During the use of the "prudent" diet the serum- @entity165 -levels decreased in average with 14.8%. Compared to the values at the beginning of the trial the difference was statistically highly significant. The average-values of @entity1674 , @entity36150 and the relative percentage of HDL, LDL and VLDL remained unchanged. After the @entity1 received @entity12880 there was an additional decrease of the serum- @entity165 -values of 14.8%. The total decrease of the @entity165 -levels compared to the initial values amounted to 27.4%. Furthermore, there was a reduction of the phosphatids in the serum of 14.1% compared to the initial value and of 9.9% compared to the value after dietary treatment alone. Under the combined effects of a "prudent" diet with @entity12880 the HDL increased significantly. It can be assumed that @entity12880 reduces the serum- @entity165 -levels in cases of @entity5522 by decreasing the LDL-fraction, which is rich in @entity165 , and by increasing the HDL-fraction.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with a "prudent" diet and @entity12880 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity36150 :: ('MESH:D010743', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatides']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6340 :: (MESH:D006938,Disease) :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa']


abstract: We present a 58-year-old female with gradual @entity73 over 6 months. Her motor examination was notable for @entity2045 , brisk reflexes with @entity1795 , and a cautious gait without @entity2055 . Cognitive testing revealed mildly impaired attention, but profoundly @entity73 . There were no manifestations of @entity1669 . Routine laboratory analysis was unrevealing. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was remarkable only for an elevated protein of 0.64 g/L (normal <0.45 g/L). Electroencephalography demonstrated intermittent @entity73 . Brain MRI with @entity2287 demonstrated extensive bilateral subcortical and periventricular white matter T2-weighted and hyperintensity on fluid attenuated inversion recovery MRI. Elevated anti-thyroperoxidase antibody of 8.07 IU/mL (<5.61 IU/mL) and thyroglobin antibody of 9.85 IU/mL (<4.11 IU/mL) were found and @entity134 responsive @entity75 associated with @entity1669 was diagnosed. @entity1667 (1 g daily for 3 days) resulted in dramatic improvement in cognition and mobility, which remained on follow-up.

title: A patient with @entity134 responsive @entity75 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline and gait instability', 'bitemporal slowing', 'impaired calculation, judgment and visual memory']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['flexor plantar responses']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']


abstract: In this investigation cryogels composed of @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) were prepared by repeated freeze thaw method followed by in situ precipitation of @entity1947 nanoparticles within the cryogel networks. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X- @entity16039 diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X- @entity16039 spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the nanocomposites. The morphologies of native @entity939 cryogels and @entity939 cryogel- @entity1948 nanocomposites were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The SEM analysis suggested that cryogels show a well-defined porous morphology whereas TEM micrographs revealed the presence of nearly spherical and well separated @entity1947 nanoparticles with diameter<100nm. XRD results showed all relevant Bragg's reflections for crystal structure of @entity1947 nanoparticles. Thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG- @entity11510 ) was conducted to evaluate thermal stability of the nanocomposites. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites were determined in terms of tensile strength and percent elongation. Biocompatible nature was ascertained by anti-haemolytic activity, bovine serum albumin (blood protein) adsorption and in vitro @entity137 tests. The prepared nanocomposites were also investigated for swelling and deswelling behaviours. The results revealed that both the swelling and deswelling process depend on the chemical composition of the nanocomposites, number of freeze-thaw cycles, pH and temperature of the swelling medium. The developed biocompatible @entity939 cryogel- @entity1948 nanocomposites were also tested for antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

title: Evaluation of XXXX based cryogel- @entity1947 nanocomposites for possible applications as wound dressing materials.

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (vinyl alcohol)']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['poly (vinyl alcohol)']


abstract: The numerous reports on lysis of blood (trypomastigote) forms of @entity1527 by specific antibodies plus complement have systematically shown that a certain proportion of parasites survives. However, it is not known whether the insensitive organisms represent a subpopulation (or clones) or a certain developmental phase of otherwise morphologically identical parasites. In this work, we established that partial lysis was not due to the use of insufficient amounts of lytic reagents. Thus, supernatants of lytic reaction mixtures killed the same proportion of @entity1527 as previously unused reagents. Moreover, in parallel tests in which the trypomastigote concentration was up to four times greater than that used in standard lysis tests, the percentages of lysis were comparable. Incubation periods as long as 4 h did not increase the extent of lysis beyond the value observed after only 1 h, indicating that the routinely used 1-h incubation was appropriate. The extent of lysis was not increased by additional amounts of antibody, complement, or both. Instead, trypomastigotes surviving immune lysis, washed, and incubated with fresh diluent for 45 to 120 min before being used in new lysis tests did manifest additional sensitivity to immune lysis. Three successive @entity281 in @entity19 with parasites which had survived immune lysis led to the production of trypanosomes that displayed the same level of resistance to immune lysis as the original, untreated parasite population. Of interest, the average @entity5895 of these groups of @entity19 did not evidence a tendency to increase, as might have occurred if an immune-lysis-resistant subpopulation had been selected. Since trypomastigotes exhibiting resistance to immune lysis can eventually become sensitive, resistance to immune lysis does not represent an insensitive parasite subpopulation. This resistance appears to be modulated by the presence of the lytic reagents and might involve expression of as yet unidentified surface components playing a role in complement activation.

title: Modulation of sensitivity of blood forms of XXXX cruzi to antibody-mediated, complement-dependent lysis.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemias']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Painful @entity1897 has been correlated with various voltage-gated @entity1372 channel mutations in sensory neurons. Recently @entity34911 , a voltage-gated @entity1372 channel subtype, has been established as a genetic influence for certain @entity158 syndromes. In this study, we performed a genetic study in six unrelated multigenerational Japanese families with @entity158 . Affected @entity1 (n = 23) were characterized by infantile recurrent @entity158 episodes with spontaneous mitigation around adolescence. This unique phenotype was inherited in an autosomal-dominant mode. Linkage analysis was performed for two families with 12 affected and nine unaffected members, and a single locus was identified on 3p22 (LOD score 4.32). Exome analysis (n = 14) was performed for affected and unaffected members in these two families and an additional family. Two missense variants were identified: @entity34912 and @entity34913 in @entity34911 . Next, we generated a knock-in @entity19 model harboring one of the mutations ( @entity34913 ). Behavioral tests (Hargreaves test and cold plate test) using @entity34913 and @entity196 ( @entity196 ) @entity19 , young (8-9 weeks old; n = 10-12 for each group) and mature (36-38 weeks old; n = 5-6 for each group), showed that @entity34913 @entity19 were significantly (p < 0.05) more hypersensitive to hot and cold stimuli than @entity196 @entity19 . Electrophysiological studies using dorsal root ganglion neurons from 8-9-week-old @entity19 showed no significant difference in resting membrane potential, but input impedance and firing frequency of evoked action potentials were significantly increased in @entity34913 @entity19 compared with @entity196 @entity19 . However, there was no significant difference among @entity34911 ( @entity196 , @entity34913 , and @entity34912 )-overexpressing @entity19 cell lines. These results suggest that our novel mutation is a gain-of-function mutation that causes @entity158 . The @entity19 model developed here will be useful for drug screening for @entity158 associated with @entity34911 mutations.

title: Infantile XXXX Episodes Associated with Novel @entity34911 Mutations in Familial @entity158 in Japanese Families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'infantile familial episodic pain', 'episodic pain syndrome', 'familial episodic pain syndrome', 'peripheral pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: @entity308 and @entity148 have been reported in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) and in @entity1 with @entity922 ( @entity922 ). However, the precise mechanisms that lead to @entity308 in these @entity1 are still unclear. In this study we evaluated with the Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI) and the Beck @entity148 Inventory (BAI) @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity922 and compared them to controls. We also correlated BDI and BAI scores with clinical parameters. Kruskall-Wallis followed by Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test, Chi-square and Spearman test were used. @entity1 with @entity15 had higher depressive and @entity148 scores than controls. The BDI and BAI scores of @entity1 with @entity922 were not significantly different from controls. There was a positive correlation between BDI, BAI and EDSS. Our results corroborate the view that @entity15 @entity1 have higher @entity308 and @entity148 levels than control subjects. @entity148 and @entity308 also seem to progress according to the severity of the disease.

title: @entity148 and XXXX in @entity922 and @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressive and anxiety symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is one of the most common diagnoses in adult and pediatric @entity1 undergoing lung transplantation (LTx). A changing pattern of indications for LTx among @entity1 with @entity1577 has been noted. This study analyzes the prevalence and characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1577 who underwent LTx in the current era. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed using data from the United Network of Organ Sharing database of all LTx performed from 1999 to 2013 (N = 20,345). Sub-analyses focused on @entity1 (<18 years old). @entity1 with @entity1577 who underwent LTx were assigned to early (1999-2003), mid (2004-2008), and current (2009-2013) eras based on the date of the procedure as well as before and after implementation of the new lung allocation score system in 2005. RESULTS: @entity1577 was the indication for LTx in 14% (2,877) of who @entity1 underwent LTx, a decrease from >17% in the early era to <13% in the current era (p < 0.001). In the pediatric cohort, @entity1577 was the indication for LTx in 383 (53%) @entity1 , a proportion that also decreased across eras (early, 60%; mid, 53%; current, 47%; p = 0.009). The mean age of @entity1 with @entity1577 undergoing LTx increased across the eras (early, 28 years    10; mid. 28 years    10; current, 30 years    11; p < 0.001). Pre-transplant ventilator use and incidence of pan-resistant infections also increased (p < 0.001), whereas pre-transplant forced expiratory volume in 1 second and waitlist times decreased (p < 0.001) in @entity1 with @entity1577 . Graft survival across the eras remained similar (p > 0.05) at 5.1 years overall. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of LTx performed for @entity1577 has significantly decreased over time, a trend especially pronounced in pediatric @entity1 . The change in pre-transplant characteristics across eras indicates a trend to perform LTx in more clinically ill and older @entity1 with @entity1577 . The overall post-LTx survival has not changed.

title: Changing demographics and outcomes of lung transplantation recipients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare mechanical epithelial separation using the epi-LASIK technique with @entity167 assisted separation (LASEK). METHODS: @entity1 deemed suitable for surface ablation were randomized to receive epi-LASIK in one eye and LASEK in the other eye. If epi-LASIK failed, the procedure was converted to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), forming the third comparison group. The outcome measures were @entity282 , vision, refraction, and haze. @entity1 were followed for 3 months. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 (95 eyes) were included in this study (38 epi-LASIK, 19 PRK, and 38 LASEK eyes). There was a 33% rate of conversion from intended epi-LASIK to PRK. Epi-LASIK @entity1 were found to have significantly less @entity158 in the first few hours after surgery but at 4 hours all @entity1 had the same levels of @entity158 , which improved to minimal or no @entity158 at 24 hours. No significant difference was noted among groups for vision, @entity2516 , and haze; however, epi-LASIK @entity1 had the best day 1 visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Epi-LASIK offers comparable visual and refractive results to other surface ablation techniques with lower levels of @entity282 only for the first 2 hours. However, there was a high rate of flap failure and conversion to PRK.

title: XXXX following epi-LASIK, LASEK, and PRK for myopia.

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: We have experienced 2 cases of intracavernous induration after @entity130 caused by a motorcycle @entity3368 . Case 1. A 28-year-old male was admitted to our department complaining of painless indurations of the penile radix. Cavernosography showed segmental filling defect in left corpus cavernosum. Because @entity323 was noted, resection of the induration was carried out. Microscopic section of the excised tissue showed only @entity82 . Case 2. A 20-year-old male visited our clinic with chief complaints of induration of the penile radix and @entity323 . Corpus cavernosography demonstrated filling defect in bilateral corpus cavernosum. We recommended the resection of the indurations, but the @entity1 refused. A brief review on etiology and therapy of intracavernous @entity82 was made.

title: [Intracavernous indurations after @entity130 caused by a motorcycle XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile disturbance']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the external genital parts']

answer: @entity3368 :: (10010,Gene) :: ['tank']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ), the relative contribution of culprit versus non-culprit lesions to subsequent major adverse @entity299 (MACE) after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) remains unknown. Elucidating this relationship will shed light on the contributions of @entity27 to the advancement of @entity453 . METHODS: In a cohort of 105 @entity1 who underwent an overnight sleep study after @entity583 , 98 were diagnosed with @entity27 ( @entity894 ( @entity894 ) >= 5). The clinical outcomes at 5-year follow-up were determined. MACE was defined as a composite of @entity204 , reinfarction and repeat revascularisation. A culprit lesion was defined as the lesion involved in the initial @entity583 , and a non-culprit lesion as any lesion in the entire coronary tree outside the culprit lesion. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (median @entity894 : 28.1) developed MACE, of whom 12 presented with reinfarction and 6 with repeat revascularisation for stable @entity951 . There was no @entity204 . Based on repeated coronary angiography, the MACE was related to the culprit lesion in 4 @entity1 and the non-culprit lesion in 12 @entity1 . The lesion responsible for the MACE was indeterminate in 2 @entity1 , as coronary angiography was declined. The median duration from index @entity583 to culprit lesion-related and non-culprit lesion-related MACE were 10.5 and 20   months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of MACE among @entity1 with @entity27 and @entity583 was 18.4%, and most of the events were related to non-culprit lesions rather than the culprit lesion during the initial @entity583 .

title: Culprit versus non-culprit lesion related adverse XXXX in @entity1 with @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['AHI', 'Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the new surgical technique of @entity4 puncture (CMOP) in @entity1 with longstanding @entity4 refractory to standard treatments. DESIGN: Interventional, retrospective case series METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity1 with chronic @entity4 from @entity455 for whom maximal medical or surgical treatment failed and who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and CMOP. Clinical findings, best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, stereo colour fundus photography, intravenous @entity941 angiograms, and optical coherence tomography were obtained before and after treatment to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were included in the study. @entity4 was due to @entity6 in five @entity1 , central @entity2994 in one @entity1 and branch @entity2994 in one @entity1 . Preoperative intravitreal steroids failed for all @entity1 , and three @entity1 also had focal grid photocoagulation. Previous pars plana vitrectomy, with elevation of the posterior hyaloid, internal limiting membrane peeling, and intravitreal @entity134 injection, had failed in three @entity1 . The median time to CMOP was 488 days. Resolution or improvement of cystoid @entity4 occurred in all @entity1 as determined by @entity941 angiography or optical coherence tomography, or both. However, visual acuity was unchanged in five @entity1 , declined in one @entity1 and stable in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity4 does improve quantitatively after CMOP, the technique fails to improve visual acuity in @entity1 .

title: Cystoid puncture for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'cystoid macular oedema', 'Cystoid macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['cystoid macular oedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylactic treatment of unruptured small @entity438 is still controversial due to the low risk of @entity397 . Distinguishing which small @entity439 are at risk for @entity397 has become important for treatment. Previous studies have indicated a variety of hemodynamic properties that may influence @entity1756 . This study uses hemodynamic principles to evaluate these in the context of ruptured and unruptured small @entity439 in a single location. METHODS: Eight small internal carotid artery-ophthalmic artery (ICA-Oph) @entity439 (<10 mm) were selected from the University of California, Los Angeles, database. We analyzed @entity397 -related hemodynamic characteristics including flow patterns, @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ), and flow impingement using previously developed @entity1 -specific computational fluid dynamics software. RESULTS: Most @entity1756 had complicated flow patterns in the @entity439 domes, but all of the unruptured cases showed a simple vortex. A reduction in flow velocity between the parent artery and the @entity439 sac was found in all the cases. Inside the @entity439 , the highest flow velocities were found either at the apex or neck. We also observed a trend of higher and more inhomogeneous @entity1642 distribution within @entity1756 (10.66 +/- 5.99 Pa) in comparison with the unruptured ones (6.31 +/- 6.47 Pa) (P < .01). CONCLUSION: A comparison of hemodynamic properties between ruptured and unruptured small ICA-Oph @entity439 found that some hemodynamic properties vary between small @entity439 although they are similar in size and share the same anatomical location. In particular, @entity1642 may be a useful hemodynamic factor for studying small @entity1756 .

title: XXXX -specific hemodynamic analysis of small internal carotid artery-ophthalmic @entity438 .

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['brain aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A challenge of @entity5 therapy is to optimize therapeutical options to individual @entity1 . Cancers with similar histology may show dramatically different responses to therapy, indicating that a refined approach needs to be developed to classify @entity5 by intrinsic characteristics that may predict response to chemotherapy. Global expression profile-based classification has the potential to identify such @entity5 -intrinsic subclasses. Pemetrexed effectiveness has been related to the expression of its target thymidylate synthase. The relatively frequent resistance of @entity957 to Pemetrexed is correlated with high levels of thymidylate synthase expression. METHODS: A global expression profile-based molecular classification of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) was performed. Gene expression was used to predict Pemetrexed responsiveness. The distinct molecular attributes of NSCLCs predicted likely to be resistant to Pemetrexed were bioinformatically characterized. We tested if routine immunohistochemical markers can be used to distinguish putative Pemetrexed responders, predicted by gene signatures, from nonresponders. RESULTS: Ninety NSCLCs were divided into six subclasses by gene expression signatures. The relevance of this novel phenotyping was linked to other @entity5 characteristics. Two of the subclasses correlated to putative Pemetrexed resistance. In addition, the identified signature genes characterizing putative Pemetrexed responsiveness predicted therapeutic benefit in a subset of @entity957 . CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression signatures can be used to identify @entity1149 subgroups and have potential to predict resistance to Pemetrexed therapy. We suggest that a combination of classical pathological markers can be used to identify molecular @entity5 subclasses associated with predicted Pemetrexed response.

title: Expression profiling-based subtyping identifies novel XXXX subgroups and implicates putative resistance to pemetrexed therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The oculo-cerebral-renal syndrome of Lowe is an @entity1112 characterized by severe @entity1032 , @entity231 , @entity8 , @entity851 , @entity2421 , @entity726 , and rickets. Recently, it has been found that serum concentrations of the muscle enzymes are elevated, providing evidence that there is primary muscle involvement in this disorder. The @entity8 that occur have also been further delineated. @entity8 presents within the first year of life, followed by a serum @entity1011 level that increases with age. @entity177 generally occurs in the fourth decade of life. We report two @entity1 with @entity258 who presented with new onset of @entity810 ( @entity810 ). Workup of their @entity810 established the diagnosis of @entity4295 with evidence of @entity5925 in one case. These @entity1 were treated aggressively with dialysis and had subsequent recovery of renal function to their baseline state. We suggest that @entity1 with @entity258 who present with an acute change in their renal function should be treated early with vigorous hydration therapy. If dialysis is indicated, it should be initiated. Furthermore, these @entity1 should be promptly evaluated for evidence of @entity5925 with alkalinization of the urine if possible.

title: @entity4295 associated with @entity258 : possible role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular dysfunction', 'renal functional abnormalities', 'Renal tubular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cataracts']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ["Lowe's syndrome"]

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity1576 and other @entity1576 in the early phase of acute @entity788 (AP) is not well investigated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of @entity1576 , and its impact on mortality in the early phase AP. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study including 359 @entity1 admitted with acute @entity788 . Information was gathered from electronic @entity1 records. We defined @entity1576 based on the modified Marshall scoring system in the revised Atlanta criteria. Predictors of @entity1576 were evaluated in univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The cohort included 188 @entity1 and 171 @entity1 with a mean age of 56.1 years. Respiratory complications including @entity1143 , @entity55 and @entity891 were registered in 80 @entity1 (22%), 100 (29%) needed @entity26 therapy, 27 (8%) continuous positive airway pressure, and six (2%) mechanical ventilation. Thirty-two @entity1 (9%) were treated with bronchodilators and 12 (3%) with @entity230 . Thirty-one @entity1 (9%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for @entity1576 . Five of these @entity1 (16%) did not have @entity1143 , @entity891 or @entity55 . Predictors of @entity1576 in multivariable analysis were age (OR 1.04; CI 95% (1.03-1.07)) and smoking (OR 2.67; CI 95% (1.21-5.86)). Thirteen @entity1 died in hospital. The Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests showed that @entity1 with @entity1576 had increased in-hospital mortality as did @entity1 with cardiovascular and @entity177 (P  <  0.01 for all analyses). CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory complications are frequent in the early phase of AP. Respiratory, cardiovascular and @entity177 is associated with a poor outcome. The fact that @entity1 without @entity1143 , @entity891 , or @entity55 may develop @entity1576 , suggests that @entity647 , possibly associated with systemic @entity32 , may be important.

title: Risk factors for and impact of XXXX on mortality in the early phase of acute @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'effusion']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: The incidence of @entity706 and @entity1582 is increased in @entity309 ( @entity309 ), though the reasons for this are incompletely understood. The predictive value of @entity1581 in @entity309 for the later development of lymphoproliferative @entity5 was assessed. A serum paraprotein was discovered in 23 @entity1 (14 female) with a median age of 58 years and a median duration of @entity309 of six years. The paraprotein was quantified and further investigations, including a bone marrow examination and skeletal survey, were undertaken to study the possible development of a @entity1071 . Secondary Sj  gren's syndrome was noted in 12 @entity1 . The paraprotein was monoclonal in 21 @entity1 and was classed as IgG (12 cases), IgA (six cases), or IgM (three cases). @entity17477 were seen in two @entity1 . Free light chains were found in the urine of eight @entity1 . @entity236 were found in 13 subjects. The bone marrow was abnormal in four of six @entity1 with an IgA paraprotein, in two of three with an IgM paraprotein but in only five of 12 @entity1 with an IgG paraprotein. @entity1 were followed up for a median of four years, and five @entity1 with an abnormal bone marrow developed @entity1582 , of whom three had an IgA lambda paraprotein. Two other @entity1 developed @entity1893 . @entity79 were seen in four @entity1 , three of whom developed @entity1582 , but the presence of urinary free light chains was not specific for the development of @entity5 . Paraproteinaemia in @entity309 indicates monoclonal B cell proliferation and carries a high risk of malignant transformation.

title: Prognostic significance of paraproteinaemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity17477 :: ('MESH:C563516', 'Disease') :: ['Biclonal paraproteins']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Extra-articular bone erosions']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:     Several studies have described volumetric @entity75 in first-episode @entity716 . The extent to which these differ in @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity6406 , or are related to subsequent clinical outcome, is unclear. We examined volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in young @entity1 with a first episode of @entity716 , and compared these @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity161 versus @entity716 . We then assessed whether baseline MRI abnormalities in the entire sample predicted subsequent clinical outcome. METHODS:     A total of 28 adolescent @entity1 with first-episode @entity716 and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers were scanned using a 1.5 T scanner. MRI data were processed and analysed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We assessed clinical outcome three years after the initial scan. RESULTS:     @entity1 had smaller grey matter (GM) volumes than controls in frontal, insular, parietal, and cerebellar cortex. @entity1 with an @entity716 had greater GM volume in the right posterior cingulate than both controls and @entity1 with @entity161 , but less GM volume in the left cerebellum and insula. In the sample as a whole, smaller right hippocampus GM volume was associated with poor clinical outcome at three-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:     Volumetric @entity75 are evident in young adults presenting with a first episode of both @entity6406 and @entity161 , but there are also significant differences between these two @entity1 groups. Clinical outcome after the first episode may be related to the severity of @entity854 at presentation.

title: @entity75 in first-episode @entity716 : differences between @entity6406 and XXXX and relationship to clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['volumetric abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['affective psychosis', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity6406 :: ('MESH:D000341', 'Disease') :: ['affective psychoses']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Photon correlation spectroscopy was used to study both F-actin and F-actin/ @entity17178 networks in solution. The measured autocorrelation functions were analyzed with the inverse Laplace transform CONTIN. The resulting frequency distributions consist of maximal five relatively narrow peaks. This rather unexpected finding disagrees with the frequency spectra calculated for an entangled rigid rod model. For this model, we expect spectra consisting of a single broad peak. Factors like flexibility, deviation from an experimental length distribution, interference with chemical reactions, and translation-rotation coupling that would influence the profile of the frequency distribution could be excluded by comparison of the data with model calculations or qualitative estimates. We conclude that our data for F-actin are consistent with the dynamics of an infinite network stable on the time scale of the observed modes. Further support for this interpretation is provided by a comparison with frequency spectra of actin/ @entity17178 networks. These appear to be very similar in shape. The main peak of these spectra that corresponds to the slow motions shifts to lower frequencies with increasing @entity2915 . It appears that higher frequency modes of the gel are more efficiently damped with progressive @entity2915 , resulting in a predominance of the slow motions in the spectra. This behavior has been already found in other systems and seems to be a general feature of @entity262 .

title: Dynamics of F-actin and F-actin/ XXXX networks as studied by photon correlation spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-link density']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linked systems']

answer: @entity17178 :: (2318,Gene) :: ['filamin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neuroimaging is crucial in the presurgical evaluation of @entity1 with medically @entity302 . To improve the moderate sensitivity of @entity419 -positron emission tomography ( @entity419 -PET), our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to localize the @entity410 -onset zone (SOZ) in PET studies deemed normal by visual assessment. METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 with medically @entity302 whose @entity419 -PET was visually evaluated as normal were retrospectively included. Twenty of these @entity1 had undergone surgical intervention. PET images were analyzed by SPM8 using a corrected p-value of p < 0.05 and three uncorrected p-values of p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.005, matched with minimum cluster sizes of k > 0, k > 20, k > 100, and k > 200, respectively. The SPM-identified potential @entity410 zone (SZ) was compared to the SOZ, which was determined by consensus during @entity1 management meetings in the @entity302 unit, taking into account presurgical tests. Studies in which the SPM-identified potential SZ was concordant with the SOZ were considered "correctly localizing." RESULTS: The SPM threshold combination with the least restrictive p-value and greatest minimum cluster size achieved the highest rate of correctly localizing studies. When p < 0.005/k > 200 was used, 40% (22/55) of studies were correctly localizing, and the concordance obtained in the surgically intervened subgroup was substantial (   = 0.607, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.258-0.957), which was comparable to the concordance obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (   = 0.783, 95% CI 0.509-1.000). SIGNIFICANCE: SPM offers improved SOZ localization in @entity419 -PET studies that are negative on visual assessment. For this purpose, statistical parametric maps could be thresholded with liberal p-values and restrictive cluster sizes.

title: XXXX -onset zone localization by statistical parametric mapping in visually normal (18) F-FDG PET studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18) F]fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18) F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 -induced excessive bronchial secretion is not rare, but seldom discussed. This study emphasizes its recognition, pathophysiology and treatment. METHODS: We prospectively collected data from 19 consecutive @entity64 @entity1 with bronchorrhea who were admitted within 2 days of @entity64 onset. RESULTS: Sixteen of them (84%) suffered from @entity385 , and 3 @entity1 (16%) had @entity548 . All of them had brainstem involvement, and 11 of them (58%) had localized lesions in the dorsal lateral medulla. In 15 @entity1 (79%), copious secretion developed within 3 days after @entity64 onset. The frequency of expectoration was variable with fluctuation, and half of the @entity1 (47%) had to spit every 2-5 min during its climax. The duration of increased secretion ranged from 4 days to over 2 months. Half of the @entity1 (53%) received anticholinergic treatment, and the response was fair to good. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide clinical evidence that @entity64 @entity1 with dorsal medulla involvement might present with bronchorrhea which seemed to be mediated via a parasympathetic mechanism. This is a treatable disease, and early diagnosis and treatment may greatly reduce @entity1 ' suffering, avoid antibiotics abuse, reduce the incidence of @entity1174 , and shorten the length of hospitalization.

title: Bronchorrhea following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Investigating @entity5 oxygenation in @entity0 with the Eppendorf device is hampered by the deep location and inadequate fixation of the @entity5 within the breast. In order to ensure the correct site of pO(2) measurements, guiding aids were introduced and the reliability of the refined method was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For guidance of the needle electrode, a metal trocar was inserted up to the @entity5 rim. Its positioning and all transtumoral tracks of the needle electrode were monitored continuously by ultrasonography. Thus, 150 @entity5 measurements in 148 @entity1 were evaluated. In a phantom, the possible influence of the metal trocar was assessed and the measurements of two histographs with five different needle electrodes were compared. RESULTS: In 88% of measurements (132/150) complete or partial sonographic demarcation of the @entity5 was possible. 83.2% of the tracks (437/525) could be controlled by ultrasonography. Overall, in 60% of measurements (90/150) all values derived reliably from within the @entity5 . In vitro, an influence of the metal trocar on the measurements could be excluded. Differences between histographs were in accordance with tolerance limits. CONCLUSION: From theoretical considerations and the phantom experiments a significant negative impact of the technical modifications could be excluded. Instead, the method described here showed to be beneficial in measuring @entity5 oxygenation in @entity0 . The authors strongly advise to consider exclusively intratumoral pO(2) values as proven by ultrasonography for oxygenation profiling, as in 40% of all measurements the origin of single pO(2) values or tracks was questionable.

title: Technical improvement of pO(2) measurements in XXXX : investigation of the feasibility in @entity1 and in vitro validation of the method.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Following on from previous studies on dermal @entity32 in the isolated perfused @entity291 udder, a new in vitro model of the isolated haemoperfused @entity291 uterus was established for studies on acute inflammatory reactions (for example, eicosanoid synthesis and regulation of @entity21740 [ @entity21740 ] and @entity17440 ) caused by ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. The organs and blood used in this study were obtained from a slaughterhouse. Within 2 hours of slaughter, uterine perfusion was re-established, by using a mixture of homologous blood and Tyrode solution (4:1). After equilibration, several deposits of @entity1426 (5 mg and 0.1 mg) and @entity9393 (0.1 mg) were injected into the myometrial tissue. Tissue biopsies were taken from treated and untreated areas at 180 and 300 minutes after the onset of haemoperfusion, for measuring @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) levels. In addition, the regulation of @entity21740 and @entity17440 mRNA was investigated by using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. @entity9610 levels were determined by using an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Because both an increase in @entity1421 concentration and up-regulation of COX mRNA were observed, the inhibitory effects of @entity619 , added to the perfusion medium, were studied. @entity619 caused a significant decrease in tissue @entity1421 production, but did not induce down-regulation of @entity17440 mRNA. In conclusion, the isolated haemoperfused @entity291 uterus was introduced as an in vitro model of acute @entity32 , induced by I-R injury. The suitability of the model for investigating anti-inflammatory substances was demonstrated. Use of the isolated haemoperfused @entity291 uterus in pharmacological research and drug screening may contribute to reducing the number of animals used for testing.

title: Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the isolated haemoperfused XXXX uterus: an in vitro model of acute @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['Eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonylethanolamide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: This study aimed to establish whether the bacterial density of spontaneous sputum is affected by the time and mode of sample storage. Ten @entity1 with @entity4595 collected all sputum expectorated over 45 min. The samples were aliquoted and processed at 25 degrees C for qualitative and quantitative bacteriology at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h from expectoration. Further aliquots were stored at 25 degrees C, 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C for 24 and 48 h prior to processing. The species present was identified and median (interquartile range) sputum log(10) bacterial density (c.f.u. ml(-1)) calculated. All samples cultured grew @entity796 and for two @entity1 @entity794 additionally grew for all samples. There was no significant difference in @entity796 density in samples processed at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h following expectoration [8.2 (7.8-8.3) c.f.u. ml(-1), 8.0 (7.8-8.3) c.f.u. ml(-1), 8.0 (7.9-8.2) c.f.u. ml(-1), 8.1 (7.9-8.2) c.f.u. ml(-1), respectively, P=0.392]. Storage for 24 and 48 h at 4 degrees C did not significantly change the bacterial load compared with processing at 1 h [8.03 (7.6-8.2) c.f.u. ml(-1), P=0.07, and 7.96 (7.49-8.22) c.f.u. ml(-1), P=0.09, respectively]. Storage for 24 and 48 h at -20 degrees C significantly reduced @entity796 density [7.1 (6.1-7.7) c.f.u. ml(-1), P=0.005, and 6.9 (6.2-7.6) c.f.u. ml(-1), P=0.008, respectively]. Storage at 25 degrees C for 24 and 48 h was associated with a significant increase in bacterial load [8.3 (8.1-8.6) c.f.u. ml(-1), P=0.009, and 8.4 (8.1-8.5) c.f.u. ml(-1), P=0.03, respectively]. Bacterial density was not affected by storage for up to 6 h following expectoration at 25 degrees C; beyond this, storage at 4 degrees C is preferred.

title: Do processing time and storage of sputum influence quantitative bacteriology in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychiatric problems in @entity1 are rising and reported cases represent only the tip of the iceberg; large number remains unreported in India. There is limited data on childhood @entity146 and mental health needs in Northern-India. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this research was to study the extent and nature of @entity146 in school @entity1 in a defined geographical area and to study their psychosocial correlates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional study, Childhood Psychopathology Measurement Schedule (CPMS) was used to measure the magnitude of 982 students in the age group of 10-15 years from four randomly selected schools in a city of North India. Screening stage was followed by detailed evaluation stage in which @entity1 were diagnosed by ICD-10 criteria. Statistical analysis was done by percentage and Chi-square test. RESULTS: The results showed that among 982 students, 199 (20.2%) had @entity146 morbidity. Most of them were in the age group of 13-14 yrs, from middle income group and were second in birth order. No significant sexual preference was found regarding distribution of the disorders. Specific @entity913 ; other @entity25 like @entity1021 , @entity8599 ; tension @entity10 found to be the most @entity74 followed by @entity13390 , @entity71 , @entity13617 , @entity11795 . CONCLUSION: Epidemiological studies should be started early in childhood and carried longitudinally for development of preventive, promotional and curative programme in the community.

title: Psychopathology of school going XXXX in the age group of 10-15 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['sleep talking']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent disorders']

entities_list: @entity13390 :: ('MESH:D020184', 'Disease') :: ['sleep terror']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['non organic sleep disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increased cardiovascular (CV) reactivity has been associated with worse CV prognosis. Though @entity1316 ( @entity1316 ) have been associated with increased CV reactivity during behavioral stressors, the extent to which @entity1316 and their interaction with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) influences exercise-induced CV reactivity has not been evaluated. METHODS: Five hundred twenty-six @entity1 underwent nuclear exercise stress testing. Cardiovascular parameters were assessed at rest, every 2 minutes during exercise, and at peak exercise. @entity1316 were measured using a structured @entity146 interview, the Primary Care Evaluation of @entity146 , and @entity301 was defined as having a history of @entity583 , revascularization, @entity712 , and/or cerebrovascular event. RESULTS: @entity301 @entity1 exhibited lower peak exercise heart rate (F = 9.40, p = .002) compared with @entity1 without @entity301 . Submaximal data showed that @entity1 with @entity301 had a slower rate of increase of heart rate (F = 4.29, p = .04) and diastolic blood pressure (F = 3.27, p = .04). There was an interaction of @entity301 and @entity1316 , indicating that in @entity1 with @entity301 , the rate of submaximal @entity101 (F = 3.08, p = .047) and rate-pressure product (F = 5.13, p = .006) was greater in @entity1 with a @entity601 compared with those without a @entity601 . These differences were not observed in @entity1 with no @entity301 . No other main or interaction effects of @entity1316 and @entity301 were observed. CONCLUSION: Though @entity1316 alone do not seem to be associated with higher levels of stress CV reactivity, their combination with @entity301 leads to increased submaximal exercise-induced CV reactivity. Prospective studies are needed to explore the causal relationship between these variables.

title: The role of XXXX in exercise-induced cardiovascular reactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders', 'MDs']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated circulating levels of biomarkers of @entity731 (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule: sICAM-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor: @entity2289 and soluble @entity2936 ligand: sCD40L) in @entity1 with @entity1561 proven through biopsy and control subjects, and correlated them with the histological disease severity. We further explored liver protein expression of @entity2071 , @entity2936 and @entity2289 in @entity1 with different histological forms of @entity1561 and control liver biopsies. @entity1 AND METHODS: We included 215 individuals: 113 @entity1 with @entity1561 (simple steatosis n=45 and NASH n=68) and 102 control subjects. Circulating levels of the biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Liver expression of @entity2071 , @entity2936 and @entity2289 was assessed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antihuman antibodies. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1561 , in comparison with control subjects, showed significantly higher circulating levels of sICAM-1 (605.3+/-34.6ng/ml vs. 356.5+/-24.6ng/ml, p=5.9 x 10(-6)), @entity2289 (22.8+/-1.7ng/ml vs. 19.0+/-2.1ng/ml, p=0.0149) and sCD40L (1347.5+/-513.7pg/ml vs. 804.5+/-396.1pg/ml, p=0.0229), results expressed as mean+/-SE. sICAM-1 was a strong predictor of histological severity of @entity1561 , after adjusting for potential confounders. In addition, @entity1 with @entity1561 showed significantly higher liver staining scores for @entity2071 and @entity2289 than control liver biopsies. @entity2071 immunoreactivity in lobular inflammatory infiltrate showed high scores in NASH @entity1 ; a significant correlation was found between both the degree of @entity1560 and the severity of necroinflammatory activity and liver @entity2071 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that @entity1561 is associated with elevated circulating levels and abnormal liver expression of molecular mediators of @entity731 . Additionally, @entity2071 may be involved in @entity409 and @entity32 .

title: Circulating levels and hepatic expression of molecular mediators of @entity731 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity204 of both @entity1 and @entity1 across the world. Overexpression and activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (EGFR1) are frequently observed and associated with poor prognosis. To inhibit the function of EGFR1, multiple antibodies and small-molecule @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKI) that target EGFR1 have been developed. Even though some @entity1 respond to these TKI, subsequent studies reveal that this is not the case for all @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . In this study, we determine whether activation and expression levels of EGFR1, @entity22166 , @entity584 , @entity4104 , and @entity8945 are dependent on the activating mutations of EGFR1. Protein lysates and DNA have been isolated from @entity5 and corresponding normal tissues of 16 @entity1149 @entity1 . Genomic-DNA is used to sequence the exons 18, 19, and 21 of EGFR1, and exon 2 of @entity984 . Protein lysates were used to determine the expression or phosphorylation levels of @entity470 , @entity4104 , @entity22166 , @entity584 , and @entity8945 . Our results revealed that 16 @entity5 samples of @entity1149 @entity1 showed no mutation in any of the indicated exons of EGFR1 and @entity984 albeit significant levels of activation or expression of the above-mentined oncogenes. In @entity1149 @entity1 , the @entity5 micro-environment can be as important as the activating mutations of EGFR1. TK therapy may also be considered for @entity1 who show high levels of activation of EGFR1 even in the absence of activating mutations.

title: Differential expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR1), @entity22166 , XXXX , @entity4104 , and @entity8945 in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['AKT']


abstract: @entity1643 , in its acute and chronic forms, is one of the most common health problems and is frequently evaluated by rheumatologists. The multiple possible diagnoses associated with this symptom make correctly attributing @entity615 to a specific disease difficult. This dilemma necessitates an organized approach to separate @entity1 with mechanical disorders from those with rare @entity74 . The most common forms of @entity615 are mechanical. Gradual modifications in the axial skeletal structures over time result in @entity74 that generally occur later in an individual's lifespan. The diagnostic process that identifies these mechanical disorders is straightforward and does not require expensive radiological or laboratory tests in the early phases of the evaluation. Most @entity1643 resolves without intervention, but some reports suggest that episodes of @entity615 are persistent or recurring for a substantial minority of @entity1 . Therapies for @entity615 can be nonpharmacological, pharmacological or surgical. All interventions have limited capacity to resolve @entity1643 . Nonsurgical therapies are preferred for @entity121 and @entity27590 . Surgical interventions can resolve the @entity158 and @entity612 more rapidly than conventional therapy, but surgical benefit wanes over time.

title: XXXX --a rheumatologist's view.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity27590 :: ('MESH:D055013', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pathological disorders', 'systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and dysfunction of disc herniation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injuries']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Mechanical low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1663 ( @entity1663 ) is a non-scarring @entity393 , the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood. Genetic predisposition, @entity792 , and stress may each play a role. @entity6785 ( @entity6785 ) is a cytokine that plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function. It also initiates @entity32 and immune response by regulating a number of proinflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to study serum and lesional skin biopsy @entity6785 levels in @entity1663 @entity1 and to assess their associations with disease severity. METHODS: This study included 30 @entity1 with @entity1663 and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Quantitative measurements of @entity6785 concentrations in sera and skin samples were obtained in both @entity1 and control subjects. Associations with disease severity (assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool) were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean    standard deviation (SD) @entity6785 levels in serum and skin were significantly higher in @entity1663 @entity1 (45.03    26.98 ng/ml and 73.83    29.81 ng/ml, respectively) than in controls (7.73    1.62 ng/ml and 0.40    1.12 ng/ml, respectively) (P < 0.01). Mean    SD serum and skin @entity6785 levels were also found to be higher in severe @entity1663 (69.93    11.51 ng/ml and 100.80    13.77 ng/ml, respectively) than in mild @entity1663 (20.13    6.84 ng/ml and 46.87    9.65 ng/ml, respectively) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The finding that @entity6785 is increased in serum and lesional skin of @entity1663 @entity1 indicates its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: Evaluation of @entity6785 ( @entity6785 ) levels in serum and lesional skin of XXXX with alopecia areata.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6785 :: ('4282', 'Gene') :: ['Macrophage migration inhibitory factor', 'MIF']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hair loss condition']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity1663 :: ('MESH:D000506', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'Alopecia areata']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Adverse effects of @entity1245 limit their clinical use; these effects might be reduced without altering therapeutic effects by administering other positive @entity1246 (A) modulators (i.e., neuroactive @entity230 ) with @entity1245 . One concern with this strategy involves reversing these combined effects in case of @entity1445 . The current study examined whether @entity5757 can attenuate the combined effects of two @entity1245 , @entity1363 and @entity12029 , and the combined effects of @entity1363 and the neuroactive @entity134 @entity7997 , in four monkeys discriminating @entity1363 . Each positive modulator produced >= 80% @entity1363 -lever responding. Interactions between @entity1363 and either @entity12029 or @entity7997 were additive. @entity5757 antagonized the @entity1245 when they were administered alone or in combination. Schild analyses yielded slopes that did not deviate from unity, regardless of whether @entity1245 were administered alone or together; the pA(2) value for @entity5757 was 7.58. In contrast, @entity5757 enhanced the effects of @entity7997 with 0.32 mg/kg @entity5757 shifting the @entity7997 dose-effect curve 2-fold leftward. @entity5757 attenuated the combined effects of @entity1363 and @entity7997 , although antagonism was not dose-dependent. Thus, the interaction between two @entity1245 was similar to that of a @entity1245 and a neuroactive @entity134 ; however, @entity5757 more efficiently attenuated a combination of two @entity1245 compared with a combination of a @entity1245 and a neuroactive @entity134 . Although the magnitude of antagonism of a @entity1245 combined with a neuroactive @entity134 was reduced, these results support continued exploration of the use of combinations of positive modulators to enhance therapeutic effects while reducing adverse effects.

title: Quantitative analyses of antagonism: combinations of @entity1363 and either @entity12029 or @entity7997 in rhesus monkeys discriminating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12029 :: ('MESH:D005445', 'Chemical') :: ['flunitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity7997 :: ('MESH:D011280', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnanolone']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil', 'Flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: The parametric response map (PRM) was evaluated as an early surrogate biomarker for monitoring treatment-induced tissue alterations in @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) was performed on 15 @entity1 with @entity213 at baseline and 3 weeks after treatment initiation of a nonsurgical organ preservation therapy (NSOPT) using concurrent radiation and chemotherapy. PRM was applied on serial apparent diffusion coefficient ( @entity16151 ) maps that were spatially aligned using a deformable image registration algorithm to measure the @entity5 volume exhibiting significant changes in @entity16151 ( @entity16151 ). Pretherapy and midtherapy @entity16151 maps, quantified from the DWIs, were analyzed by monitoring the percent change in whole- @entity5 mean @entity16151 and the PRM metric. The prognostic values of percentage change in @entity5 volume and mean @entity16151 and @entity16151 as a treatment response biomarker were assessed by correlating with @entity5 control at 6 months. Pixel-wise differences as part of @entity16151 analysis revealed regions where water mobility increased. Analysis of the @entity5 @entity16151 histograms also showed increases in mean @entity16151 as early as 3 weeks into therapy in @entity1 with a favorable outcome. Nevertheless, the percentage change in mean @entity16151 was found to not correlate with @entity5 control at 6 months. In contrast, significant differences in @entity16151 and percentage change in @entity5 volume were observed between @entity1 with pathologically different outcomes. Observations from this study have found that diffusion MRI, when assessed by @entity16151 , has the potential to provide both prognostic and spatial information during NSOPT of @entity135 .

title: A feasibility study of parametric response map analysis of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans of XXXX @entity1 for providing early detection of therapeutic efficacy.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity737 ( @entity737 ) are indicated in @entity1 with @entity1789 ( @entity1789 ), @entity3441 ( @entity3441 ), or @entity10689 ( @entity10689 ) who are at high risk for @entity1164 . The optimal @entity1479 programming for reducing inappropriate shocks in these @entity1 remains to be determined. We investigated the difference in the mean cycle length of @entity591 that activated either @entity1479 in these three @entity1 groups to determine the optimal @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) zone for minimizing @entity1479 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We selected 41 @entity1 (35 @entity1 ) (mean age  standard deviation=42.6  13.0 year) who received @entity1479 shocks between April 1996 and April 2014 to treat @entity1789 (n=24), @entity3441 (n=9), or @entity10689 (n=8). Clinical and @entity1479 interrogation data were retrospectively collected and analyzed for all events with @entity1479 shocks. RESULTS: Of the 244 episodes, 180 (73.8%) shocks were appropriate and 64 (26.2%) were inappropriate. The mean cycle lengths of the @entity591 that activated appropriate and inappropriate shocks were 178.9  28.7 ms and 284.8  24.4 ms, respectively (p<0.001). The cutoff value with the highest sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between appropriate and inappropriate shocks was 235 ms (sensitivity, 98.4%; specificity, 95.6%). When we programmed a single @entity2224 zone of  <=270 ms, @entity1479 were reduced by 70.5% and appropriate shocks were missed in 1.7% of these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Programming of a single @entity2224 zone of  <=270 ms in @entity1 with @entity1789 , @entity3441 , or @entity10689 could reduce @entity1479 , with a low risk of missing appropriate shocks.

title: @entity591 Cycle Length in Appropriate versus Inappropriate Defibrillator Shocks in @entity1789 , Early Repolarization Syndrome, or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['BS', 'Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['ERS', 'early repolarization syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1479 :: ('OMIM:252500', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate ICD shocks', 'appropriate or inappropriate ICD shocks', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity10689 :: ('MESH:C537182', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'idiopathic ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity10689 :: (MESH:C537182,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the association between anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor (anti- @entity2874 ) therapy and mortality in a national cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: We prospectively followed up 12,672 @entity1 who were beginning anti- @entity2874 therapy and 3,522 biologic-naive @entity1 receiving disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) until either July 31, 2008, or @entity204 , whichever occurred first. Notification of @entity204 and cause of @entity204 was received from the UK National Death Register. Mortality was compared using Cox proportional hazards models. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for the confounding effects of baseline differences between groups, including age, sex, disease severity, disability, and comorbidity. Missing baseline data were accounted for using multiple imputation. RESULTS: When compared with the DMARD cohort, the anti- @entity2874 cohort was younger (median age 57 years versus 61 years), had greater disease activity (median Disease Activity Score in 28 joints 6.6 versus 5.1), and had greater disability (median Health Assessment Questionnaire score 2.1 versus 1.6). @entity1 in the DMARD cohort were more likely to have a history of @entity583 (4.8% versus 3.1%) and @entity1030 (8.1% versus 4.8%) but were less likely to have had @entity308 (16.5% versus 18.9%). There were 9,445 and 50,803 @entity1 -years of followup in the DMARD and anti- @entity2874 cohorts, respectively, during which time 204 DMARD-treated and 856 anti- @entity2874 -treated @entity1 died. The weighted mortality hazard ratios in the anti- @entity2874 cohort were as follows: all-cause 0.86 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.64-1.16), circulatory disease 0.73 (95% CI 0.44-1.23), @entity5 0.65 (95% CI 0.39-1.09), and @entity1576 0.81 (95% CI 0.36-1.83). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that, compared with standard DMARD therapy, treatment with anti- @entity2874 therapies was not associated with an increase in mortality.

title: No evidence of association between anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor treatment and mortality in XXXX with @entity309 : results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We prepared the core-shell structure @entity632 lipiodol microemulsions (ADM-CSLMs) and evaluated their in vivo antitumor effects in combination with @entity8584 ( @entity7725 ). Two types of ADM-CSLMs, @entity632 liposome-lipiodol microemulsion(ADM-LLM) and @entity632 microsphere lipiodol microemulsion (ADM-MLM), were prepared through the emulsification method. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of ADM-CSLMs were measured by the high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The size and shape of the ADM-CSLMs were determined by an atom force microscopy (AFM), a transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a particle size analyzer, respectively. The synergistic effects of @entity7725 and ADM-CSLMs for @entity5 treatment of @entity189 drug-resistance cell was evaluated by the @entity98 method, the activation of @entity224 dismutase (SOD) was detected by chemiluminescence, and the ADM accumulation in cells was measured by flow cytometry. @entity25970 was transplanted to the livers of the male SD @entity35 , ADM-CSLMs were administrated to the livers of the @entity35 by intervention hepatic artery embolization through microsurgery. The @entity5 growth and animal survival were evaluated. The results show that the average diameter of ADM-LLM and ADM-MLM were 4.23    1.2  m and 4.67    1.4  m, respectively, and their ADM encapsulation efficiency were 83.7% and 87.2% with respect to loading efficiency of 82  g/ml and 91  g/ml. The @entity5 growth and animal survival in two of the ADM-CSLMs combined with @entity7725 groups were significantly higher than that of ADM only treatment, ADM liposome combined with @entity7725 (P < 0.01), as well as the ADM microsphere combined with @entity7725 (P < 0.01). Therefore, ADM-CSLMs are useful carriers for the treatment of @entity189 and their anti- @entity5 effect can be enhanced by @entity7725 in a suitable concentration.

title: Preparation of the core-shell structure @entity632 lipiodol microemulsions and their synergistic anti- @entity5 effects with XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8584 :: ('MESH:D004050', 'Chemical') :: ['Diethyldithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity25970 :: ('MESH:D002279', 'Disease') :: ['Walker-256 carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity8584 :: (MESH:D004050,Chemical) :: ['diethyldithiocarbamate']


abstract: @entity977 are currently classified by histological, immunocytochemical and numerous ultrastructural characteristics lacking unequivocal prognostic correlations. We investigated the prognostic value of a new clinicopathological classification with grades based on invasion and proliferation. This retrospective multicentric case-control study comprised 410 @entity1 who had surgery for a @entity5 with long-term follow-up. Using pituitary magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of cavernous or sphenoid sinus invasion, immunocytochemistry, markers of the cell cycle (Ki-67, mitoses) and @entity876 , @entity5 were classified according to size (micro, macro and giant), type (PRL, GH, FSH/LH, ACTH and TSH) and grade (grade 1a: non-invasive, 1b: non-invasive and proliferative, 2a: invasive, 2b: invasive and proliferative, and 3: metastatic). The association between @entity1 status at 8-year follow-up and age, sex, and classification was evaluated by two multivariate analyses assessing disease- or recurrence/progression-free status. At 8  years after surgery, 195 @entity1 were disease-free (controls) and 215 @entity1 were not (cases). In 125 of the cases the @entity5 had recurred or progressed. Analyses of disease-free and recurrence/progression-free status revealed the significant prognostic value (p  <  0.001; p  <  0.05) of age, @entity5 type, and grade across all @entity5 types and for each @entity5 type. @entity5 (grade 2b) had a poor prognosis with an increased probability of @entity5 persistence or progression of 25- or 12-fold, respectively, as compared to non-invasive @entity5 (grade 1a). This new, easy to use clinicopathological classification of @entity5 has demonstrated its prognostic worth by strongly predicting the probability of post-operative complete remission or @entity5 progression and so could help clinicians choose the best post-operative therapy.

title: A new prognostic clinicopathological classification of pituitary adenomas: a multicentric case-control study of 410 XXXX with 8 years post-operative follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive and proliferative tumours', 'pituitary endocrine tumours', 'tumours', 'pituitary tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) has become a viable alternative treatment for @entity1 suffering with @entity356 . Surgeons have long thought that @entity28 might increase the rate of @entity260 . We set out to clarify the effect that @entity28 has on performing LADG for the treatment of @entity356 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 97 @entity1 who had undergone LADG for @entity356 between May 1998 and March 2004. We measured the degree of @entity28 by using the body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)), and we compared the surgical outcomes between the normal BMI group (BMI < 23 kg/m(2)) and the high BMI group (BMI > or = 23 kg/m(2)). We further subdivided the @entity1 into four groups: normal BMI males and normal BMI females, and high BMI males and high BMI females, and we analyzed them in terms of operation times, numbers of retrieved lymph nodes, and rates of @entity260 . RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the normal and high BMI groups in terms of the @entity1 ' characteristics, surgical outcomes, postoperative courses, @entity260 , and operation times. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of retrieved lymph nodes or in the rate of @entity260 among the four groups (P = 0.5030 and P = 0.3489, respectively). However, there was a statistically significant difference in operation times among the four groups (P = 0.004). Specifically, the males in the high BMI group required a longer operation time than did the females with a normal BMI (P = 0.006) and the females with a high BMI (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: For LADG in @entity1 with @entity356 , @entity28 may affect the operation time, and @entity1 with high BMI require a longer operation time than do @entity1 with normal or high BMI.

title: The impact of @entity28 on LADG for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['early gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['early gastric cancer']


abstract: The effects of drugs on isolated spleen strips from the cod, @entity7980 , have been investigated. Affinities and intrinsic activities for various agonists were determined from cumulative dose-response curves. Contractions were produced by @entity934 , @entity2710 or @entity5402 . The response to @entity934 was considerably potentiated by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor BW 284 C51. @entity2710 -induced responses were competitively blocked by @entity3897 (pA2 = 8.2), indicating the presence of muscarinic receptors. @entity1239 did not contract the spleen strips. @entity1425 , @entity1063 or @entity2647 contracted the preparations and so did @entity3044 in high concentrations. Competitive blockade of the @entity1063 -induced contraction was obtained with @entity3160 (pA2 = 6.1), @entity5521 (pA2 = 6.0) and @entity1169 (pA2 = 3.4), and non-competitive blockade with @entity5333 (pM50 = 7.0), indicating that alpha-adrenoceptors mediate the contractions produced by the adrenergic agonists. @entity3044 caused a slight relaxation of preparations precontracted with @entity2710 . This effect was abolished by @entity1169 suggesting the presence of beta-adrenoceptors. Judged from the pA-values for the competitive antagonist, arterial and capsular/trabecular smooth muscles have slightly different alpha-adrenoceptor properties.

title: Effects of some adrenergic and cholinergic drugs on isolated spleen strips from the cod, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine']

entities_list: @entity7980 :: ('8049', 'Species') :: ['Gadus morhua']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine', 'Methacholine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity7980 :: (8049,Species) :: ['Gadus morhua']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Treatment options for recurrent high-grade @entity11 after a complete course of radiotherapy comprise surgery, reirradiation and chemotherapy but the efficacy of any of the given salvage treatments is limited. In order to further define the role of short-term radiotherapy as retreatment option for selected @entity1 , we analyzed outcomes after treatment with a hypofractionated radiation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Treatment outcomes (overall survival and treatment-associated @entity137 ) were analyzed retrospectively in 31 @entity1 treated between 1994 and 2007. Hypofractionated radiotherapy was performed after three-dimensional CT planning with a median total dose of 20 Gy in a single department. RESULTS: With a median interval of 20 months from primary radiotherapy, two grade III and 29 grade IV @entity5 were reirradiated. Pretreatment consisted of surgery and involved-field radiotherapy (median 59 Gy). 77% of the @entity1 received additional chemotherapy before the second course of radiotherapy, and 48% were treated after secondary resection. The median overall survival after hypofractionated radiotherapy was 10.2 months, and the median overall survival time after primary diagnosis 30.9 months. No severe @entity137 was observed. CONCLUSION: Hypofractionated reirradiation with 20 Gy given over 1 week is a practicable and well-tolerated treatment option for @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 . The overall survival was comparable to the reported outcomes from other series including those with longer treatment protocols.

title: Hypofractionated reirradiation for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: Genetic factors affect host susceptibility to pathogens. In this population-based case control study, we explored the genetic polymorphisms of @entity4155 , @entity2939 and @entity6991 in association with @entity1907 in a Chinese Han population. We recruited 1601 @entity1907 @entity1 matched with 1526 healthy controls and genotyped twelve functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After the correction for multiple comparisons, two SNPs ( @entity35758 and @entity35759 ) in the @entity2939 gene remained significant. Individuals carrying the @entity35759 -AG genotype (vs. AA) had a significantly increased risk of either clinical @entity378 (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11-1.53) or sputum smear-positive @entity378 (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.13-1.61). Stratification analysis revealed that the effects of genetic variations on @entity378 were more evident among non-smokers. @entity1 with haplotype @entity2939 @entity35760 G-rs10759932C had a significantly increased risk of @entity378 (OR: 3.43, 95% CI: 2.34-5.05). Moreover, we found that SNPs of @entity35761 in @entity4155 and @entity35310 in @entity4654 were weakly related to a prognosis of @entity378 . Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms of @entity4155 and @entity2939 may play a role in host susceptibility to @entity378 in the Chinese Han population. More work is necessary to identify specific causative variants of @entity378 underlying the observed associations.

title: Genetic polymorphisms of @entity4155 , XXXX , @entity2939 and @entity6991 in association with the risk of @entity1907 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity4654 :: (112744,Gene) :: ['IL-17F']


abstract: In an international population-based case-control study carried out in 8 centres in 6 countries, we investigated the role of specific medical conditions in the aetiology of @entity1313 in adults. Recruited were 1,178 @entity11 and 331 @entity1653 cases and 2,493 age- and gender-matched population controls. Only medical conditions occurring at least 2 years before @entity1313 diagnosis were considered. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a conditional logistic regression model. Heterogeneity between centres was tested. No association between @entity1653 and previous medical conditions was observed. For @entity11 , there was an increased risk associated with @entity302 (RR = 6.55, 95% CI 3.40-12.63), but this was considerably weaker for @entity302 of more than 20 years duration. The risk remained elevated after adjustment for use of anti- @entity302 drugs. There was a statistically significant inverse association between @entity11 and all @entity56 combined (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.49-0.71); this was also observed for specific @entity56 , namely, @entity565 and @entity484 . Subjects who reported a history of @entity166 (e.g., colds, flu) showed a 30% reduction in risk (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.85). The decreased risks for @entity11 in subjects reporting a history of @entity56 or @entity166 may indicate an influence of immunological factors on the development of @entity11 . The association between @entity11 and @entity302 has to be interpreted cautiously and needs further investigation.

title: Role of medical history in @entity1313 development. Results from the international adult XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic conditions']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumour']