abstract: AIM: Post ischemic disturbances of myocardial metabolism that may contribute to postoperative @entity712 and are accessible to metabolic treatment have been identified early after coronary surgery. Knowledge derived from these studies may not be applicable to other @entity1 groups. Therefore we studied myocardial energy metabolism in @entity1 operated for @entity472 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) because of @entity472 without significant regurgitation were studied before and immediately after surgery. Myocardial uptake of @entity26 and energy substrates was assessed with coronary sinus catheter technique. RESULTS: Free @entity1718 (FFA) were the main source of myocardial energy before and after AVR. A significant uptake of @entity880 was only recorded preoperatively. A significant uptake of @entity2227 of the same magnitude as previously described in coronary @entity1 was found pre- and postoperatively. Postoperatively a relative decrease of myocardial @entity26 extraction ratio (P<0.001) and @entity26 consumption (P=0.14) by approximately 20% was observed. CONCLUSION: Preoperative and postoperative metabolic adaptation with substantial uptake of @entity2227 , previously claimed to be due to chronic or repetitive @entity63 , was demonstrated. The results indicate that oxidative metabolism had not fully recovered when the procedure was completed. However, the potentially unfavorable postoperative metabolic state with predominant reliance on FFA as energy source was out-balanced by the unloading effect of AVR with a reduction in myocardial @entity26 extraction.

title: Myocardial metabolism before and after valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['isolated aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is the most common and a cost-effective surgical remediation for older adults with long-standing @entity571 . In parallel with the expanding population of older adults, the number of TKAs performed annually is projected to be 3.48 million by 2030. During this surgery, a tourniquet is used to stop blood flow to the operative leg. However, the molecular pathways that are affected by tourniquet use during @entity348 continue to be elucidated. We hypothesized that components of the catabolic @entity16389 (i.e., @entity17094 , @entity37678 , and @entity19003 ) pathway, as well as the cellular stress pathways [i.e., stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/ @entity4675 and MAPKs], are upregulated during @entity348 . The purpose of this study was to measure changes in transcripts and proteins involved in muscle cell catabolic and stress-activated pathways. We obtained muscle biopsies from subjects, 70    1.3 yr, during @entity348 , from the vastus lateralis at baseline (before tourniquet inflation), during maximal @entity63 (just before tourniquet release), and during reperfusion. Total tourniquet time was 43    2 min and reperfusion time was 16    1. Significant increases in @entity16389 downstream targets, @entity37678 and @entity17094 , were present for mRNA levels during @entity63 ( @entity37678 , P = 0.04; @entity17094 , P = 0.04), and protein expression during @entity63 ( @entity37678 , P = 0.002; @entity17094 , P = 0.001) and reperfusion ( @entity17094 , P = 0.002). Additionally, stress-activated @entity4675 gene expression (P = 0.01) and protein were elevated during @entity63 (P = 0.001). The results of this study support our hypothesis that protein degradation pathways are stimulated during @entity348 . Muscle protein catabolism is likely to play a role in the rapid loss of muscle volume measured within 2 wk of this surgery.

title: XXXX , @entity17094 , and the stress-activated protein kinases are upregulated in muscle cells during total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TKA', 'Total knee arthroplasty']

answer: @entity37678 :: (114907,Gene) :: ['MAFbx']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to document, in adult and pediatric @entity1 populations, the development, descriptive statistics,and test-retest reliability of cross-cutting symptom measures proposed for inclusion in @entity4987 . METHOD: Data were collected as part of the multisite @entity4987 Field Trials in large academic settings. There were seven sites focusing on adult @entity1 and four sites focusing on @entity1 and adolescent @entity1 .Cross-cutting symptom measures were self-completed by the @entity1 or an informant before the test and the retest interviews, which were conducted from 4 hours to 2 weeks apart. Clinician-report measures were completed during or after the clinical diagnostic interviews. Informants included adult @entity1 , @entity1 @entity1 age 11 and older, parents of all @entity1 @entity1 age 6 and older, and @entity1939 for adult @entity1 unable to self-complete the measures. Study @entity1 were sampled in a stratified design,and sampling weights were used in data analyses. The mean scores and standard deviations were computed and pooled across adult and @entity1 sites. Reliabilities were reported as pooled intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: In adults, test-retest reliabilities of the cross-cutting symptom items generally were good to excellent. At the @entity1 and adolescent sites, parents were also reliablereporters of their @entity1   s symptoms,with few exceptions. Reliabilities were not as uniformly good for @entity1 respondents, and ICCs for several items fell into the questionable range in this age group. Clinicians rated @entity716 with good reliability in adult @entity1 but were less reliable in assessing clinical domains related to @entity716 in @entity1 and to suicide in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results show promising test-retest reliability results for this group of assessments, many of which are newly developed or have not been previously tested in @entity146

title: XXXX field trials in the United States and Canada, Part III: development and reliability testing of a cross-cutting symptom assessment for @entity4987 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric populations']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal guardians']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity4987 :: (1398,Species) :: ['DSM-5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Migration and proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) are based on interactions between cellular integrins and extracellular matrix proteins (ECMs). We were able to design polymers substituted with @entity53135 - and SO3- groups that counteract LEC proliferation through modification of the integrin/ECM interaction. The objective of this study was to compare the cell proliferation-inhibiting properties of differently substituted copolymers with those of a homopolymer. METHODS: Polymers were synthesized by radical polymerization and characterized by nuclear resonance spectroscopy. Second-passage @entity95 LECs were cultured either on @entity4625 homopolymers (control) or on substituted @entity4625 copolymers. Cells were counted on days 2, 7, and 17. Cell vitality was evaluated by @entity3460 staining. Experiments were run in quadruplicate. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: Compared with control, cells cultured on copolymers grew to significantly lower cell numbers. The inhibitory effect became evident at day 2 after seeding and persisted throughout the experiment. Different ratios of COO-/SO3- substitutions yielded different grades of inhibition. No toxic effect was seen on @entity95 LECs. CONCLUSIONS: The tested copolymers inhibit cell proliferation and are nontoxic. Further evaluation could lead to the development of new intraocular lens materials that prevent secondary @entity231 .

title: Inhibition of lens epithelial cell proliferation by substituted XXXX intraocular lenses.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['PMMA']


abstract: We describe an optical technique using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to obtain simultaneous and independent recordings from numerous ion channels via imaging of single-channel @entity141 flux. Muscle nicotinic @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) receptors made up of alphabetagammadelta subunits were expressed in @entity1238 oocytes, and single channel @entity141 fluorescence transients (SCCaFTs) were imaged using a fast (500 fps) electron-multiplied c.c.d. camera with @entity20048 as the indicator. Consistent with their arising through openings of individual nicotinic channels, SCCaFTs were seen only when a nicotinic agonist was present in the bathing solution, were blocked by curare, and increased in frequency as roughly the second power of [ @entity1617 ]. Their fluorescence amplitudes varied linearly with membrane potential and extrapolated to zero at about +60 mV. The rise and fall times of fluorescence were as fast as 2 ms, providing a kinetic resolution adequate to characterize channel gating kinetics; which showed mean open times of 7.9 and 15.8 ms when activated, respectively, by @entity1617 or @entity8622 . Simultaneous records were obtained from >400 channels in the imaging field, and we devised a novel "channel chip" representation to depict the resultant large dataset as a single image. The positions of SCCaFTs remained fixed (<100 nm displacement) over tens of seconds, indicating that the nicotinic receptor/channels are anchored in the oocyte membrane; and the spatial distribution of channels appeared random without evidence of clustering. Our results extend single-channel TIRFM imaging to ligand-gated channels that display only partial permeability to @entity141 , and demonstrate an order-of-magnitude improvement in kinetic resolution. We believe that functional single-channel imaging opens a new approach to ion channel study, having particular advantages over patch-clamp recording in that it is massively parallel, and provides high-resolution spatial information that is inaccessible by electrophysiological techniques.

title: "Optical patch-clamping": single-channel recording by imaging XXXX flux through individual muscle @entity934 receptor channels.

entities_list: @entity8622 :: ('MESH:C009335', 'Chemical') :: ['suberyldicholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: The @entity18871 is an uncommon, highly vascular, locally invasive, non encapsulated @entity5 . In spite of its benignity the above mentioned peculiarities make the therapy very hard. The estrogenic hormones and the radiotherapy were used for years but there were many iatrogenic after-effects. The preferred treatment is surgical. Many surgical approaches were used. Everyone has advantages and disadvantages. The choice may be free for @entity5 of small or medium size. When the @entity5 is very large, stage III A or more, a single approach isn't enough. A double approach is mandatory; one must be an infratemporal approach (pre o postauricular). We present a case of @entity18871 stage III B which is a good pattern of the above mentioned statements.

title: [Giant XXXX : which surgical approach?].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile angiofibroma']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['juvenile angiofibroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is a dearth of data on the predictors of insight in @entity161 . This study attempted to assess the predictors of insight in a cohort of first-episode @entity161 followed up over 5 years. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed to have Diagnostic and statistical manual of @entity146 (4th ed.; DSM-IV) @entity161 (n = 131) were assessed prospectively for insight, psychopathology and explanatory models of @entity221 over a 5-year period using standard instruments. Multiple linear regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to assess predictors of insight. RESULTS: We could follow up 95 (72.5%) @entity1 , 5 years after recruitment. A total of 65 of these @entity1 interviewed at 60 months (68.4%) achieved remission. Cross-sectional evaluations suggest a relationship between insight, @entity716 rating and explanatory models of @entity221 with good insight and medical models associated with good outcome. However, baseline and @entity221 data do not predict insight scores at 5 years. Serial longitudinal assessment of insight is negatively associated with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores and positively associated with the number of nonmedical explanatory models of @entity221 held by @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These findings argue that insight and explanatory models of @entity221 are secondary to psychopathology, course and outcome. They are dependent on the trajectory of the @entity1 's @entity221 , are not independent of the condition and call for multifaceted understanding of the issues.

title: Predictors of insight in first-episode XXXX : a 5-year cohort study from India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['illness', 'early illness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity, repeatability and stability of the Motor Readiness Questionnaire for @entity64 (MRQS). SUBJECTS: One hundred and eighty-seven @entity64 @entity1 (160 @entity1 ; 143 white; mean age = 57.5+/-8.8; mean time since @entity64 = 10.1+/-7.3 months) at a rehabilitation hospital in the Midwestern United States. DESIGN: Prospective survey, in which the MRQS was administered to each @entity1 once. The MRQS was also administered to 25 subjects twice to measure test-retest reliability. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The MRQS, a transtheoretical model-based, 23-item self-report survey was administered to examine reliability (internal consistency and stability), validity (concurrent) and factor structure. RESULTS: The MRQS showed good reliability for its component scales and total score, and the previously identified MRQS factor structure was confirmed. Stability and concurrent validity were also high. CONCLUSIONS: The MRQS appears to adequately capture @entity64 @entity1 ' motivational readiness and has ability to discriminate between individuals in various stages of readiness. MRQS scores appear to be repeatable over time. However, more research is needed before the MRQS is used.

title: Psychometric evaluation of the Motor Readiness Questionnaire for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: @entity410 may increase neuronal vulnerability later in life. Therefore, @entity159 was induced with @entity4176 (KA) during the first and second postnatal (P) weeks to determine whether early @entity410 shift the window of neuronal vulnerability to a younger age. KA was injected (i.p.) once (1x KA) on P13, @entity10276 or P30 or three times (3 x KA), once on P6 and P9, and then either on P13, @entity10276 or P30. After 1x KA, onset to behavioral @entity410 increased with age. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed interictal events appeared with maturation. After 3 x KA, spike number, frequency, spike amplitude, and high-frequency synchronous events and duration were increased at P13 when compared to age-matched controls. In contrast, @entity10276 and P30 @entity35 had decreases in EEG parameters relative to @entity10276 and P30 @entity35 with 1x KA despite that these animals had the same history of perinatal @entity410 on P6 and P9. In P13 @entity35 with 1x KA, @entity575 impregnation, @entity1710 / @entity1711 and TUNEL methods showed no significant @entity131 and damage was minimal with 3 x KA. In contrast, @entity10276 and P30 @entity35 with 1x KA had robust eosinophilic or TUNEL positive labeling and preferential accumulation of @entity575 ions within inner layer @entity1249 neurons. After 3 x KA, the @entity1249 but not @entity1251 of @entity10276 and P30 @entity35 was preferentially protected following 3 or 6 days. Although paradoxical changes occur in the EEG with maturation, the results indicate that early perinatal @entity410 do not significantly shift the window of hippocampal vulnerability to an earlier age but induce a tolerance that leads to long-term neuroprotection that differentially affects endogenous properties of @entity1249 versus @entity1251 neurons.

title: Perinatal XXXX preferentially protect @entity1249 neurons from @entity410 -induced damage in prepubescent @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'Neonatal seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal injury']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the first study on the quantitative assessment of @entity1014 phosphorylase (TP) activity in @entity1 with @entity1149 . TP is identical to the platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor with its angiogenic activity. Thus, it is believed that TP activity in @entity5 tissues plays an important role in disease progression. METHODS: Using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay, the TP activity in @entity2 tissues was measured quantitatively in 39 @entity1 with primary @entity2 who underwent pulmonary lobectomy between July 1999 and May 2000. RESULTS: The mean value of TP activity in @entity5 tissues was significantly higher than the level in normal lung tissues (226 U/mg protein vs. 46 U/mg protein, respectively; P < 0.0001). TP activity in normal lung tissues was high in male @entity1 (male vs. female, respectively: 56.1 U/mg protein vs. 29.3 U/mg protein; P = 0.001) and in heavy smokers (Brinkmann index [BI] > or = 600 [57.9 U/mg protein] vs. BI < 600 [31.7 U/mg protein]; P = 0.001). Conversely, the TP activity in @entity5 tissues was correlated with neither gender nor smoking status. Although there was no difference in the TP activity among histologic types, well-differentiated @entity5 exhibited a significantly lower level of TP activity compared with the activity in both moderately and poorly differentiated @entity5 . However, the TP activity in @entity5 tissues was not correlated with disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: High TP activity in @entity5 tissues from @entity1 with primary @entity2 did not reflect the malignant potential of the disease.

title: XXXX phosphorylase activity in @entity1149 tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['Thymidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity712 , physical evaluation and clinical judgment may be inadequate for prognostic stratification. HYPOTHESIS: Information obtained with simple bedside tests would be helpful in @entity1 management. METHODS: We report on 142 outpatients with @entity712 seen at our @entity712 unit from 2007 to 2010 (ages 69.4    8.9 years; ejection fraction [EF] 30.6    6.1%; 43% with @entity1652 ). At their first visit, we assessed levels of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) (pg/mL), evaluated transthoracic conductance (TFC) (1/k  ) by transthoracic bioimpedance, and performed echocardiography. RESULTS: Four-year mortality was 21.2%. At multivariate analysis, surviving and deceased subjects did not differ regarding New York Heart Association, age, gender, @entity712 etiology, or EF at index visit. @entity1 who died had higher @entity3876 and TFC ( @entity3876 = 884    119 pg/mL vs 334    110 pg/mL; TFC = 50    8/k   vs 37    7/k  , both P < 0.001]. @entity1 with @entity3876 < 450 pg/mL and TFC < 40/k   had a 2.1% 4-year mortality, compared to 46.5% mortality of @entity1 having @entity3876 >=  450 pg/mL and TFC >=  40/k  . @entity3876 >=  450 pg/mL and TFC >=  40/k   showed high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (88%)in identifying @entity1 who died at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of @entity3876 and impedance cardiography during the first assessment of a @entity1 in a @entity712 unit identified those carrying a worse medium-term prognosis. This approach could help the subsequent management of @entity1 , allowing better clinical and therapeutic strategies.

title: Transthoracic bioimpedance and XXXX assessment for prognostic stratification of outpatients with chronic @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'systolic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['implanted defibrillators and/or resynchronization devices']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity3876 :: (4879,Gene) :: ['brain natriuretic peptide']


abstract: The effectiveness of @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity12609 (CAT), @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) and @entity208 in prevention of peritoneal adhesion formation induced by @entity455 and reperfusion of an ileal segment was investigated in @entity35 . The ischaemic period was 30 min. Group A (n = 20) were controls, group B (n = 15) received SOD 15,000 U/kg i.v. and group C (n = 17) the same dose of CAT immediately before induction of ischaemia. In group D (n = 20) @entity3733 20 mg/kg was given i.v. 5 min before ischaemia, and group E (n = 20) received @entity208 orally 50 mg/kg daily for 2 days and also 2 hours before ischaemia. Ten days later adhesions had developed in 80% of group A, 40% of group B, 47% of group C and 45% of groups D and E (p less than 0.05). The severity of the adhesions was significantly less in the pretreated groups than in the controls. @entity26 -derived free radicals may be pathogenetically important for such adhesion formation. Xanthine oxidase is the principal source of @entity26 radicals after a 30-min period of complete regional intestinal ischaemia.

title: The role of XXXX -derived free radicals in peritoneal adhesion formation induced by ileal ischaemia/reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['complete vascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulphoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify short-term factors influencing psychological outcome of termination of pregnancy for @entity2241 , in order to define those @entity1 most vulnerable to psychopathology. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort of 217 @entity1 and 169 @entity1 completed standardized questionnaires 4 months after termination. Psychological adjustment was measured by the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). RESULTS: @entity1 and @entity1 showed high levels of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms (44 and 22%, respectively) and symptoms of @entity308 (28 and 16%, respectively). Determinants of adverse psychological outcome were the following: high level of doubt in the decision period, inadequate partner support, low self-efficacy, lower parental age, being religious, and advanced gestational age. Whether the condition was Down syndrome or another disability was irrelevant to the outcome. Termination did not have an important effect on future reproductive intentions. Only 2% of @entity1 and less than 1% of @entity1 regretted the decision to terminate. CONCLUSION: Termination of pregnancy (TOP) for @entity2241 affects parents deeply. Four months after termination a considerable part still suffers from posttraumatic stress symptoms and @entity308 feelings. @entity1 who are at high risk could benefit from intensified support.

title: A prospective study on parental coping 4 months after termination of pregnancy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal anomaly']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['fetal anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. One of the main difficulties is obtaining adequate specimens for bacteriological confirmation of the disease in @entity1 .The aim of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for the diagnosis of @entity378 . METHODS: In a prospective study conducted at the paediatric hospital in Bangui in 2007-2009, we used fine-needle aspiration to obtain samples for diagnosis of @entity378 from 131 @entity1 aged 0-17 years with persistent @entity3298 . RESULTS: Fine-needle aspiration provided samples that could be used for bacteriological confirmation of @entity378 . Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid-fast bacilli was positive in 42.7% of samples, and culture identified @entity378 in 67.2% of cases. Of 75 samples that were stain-negative, 49 (65.3%) were culture-positive, while 12 stain-positive samples remained culture-negative. Ten of the 12 stain-positive, culture-negative samples were from @entity1 who had received previous antimicrobial therapy. With regard to phenotypic drug susceptibility, 81/88 strains (91.1%) were fully susceptible to @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity3110 and @entity3639 , six (6.8%) were resistant to one drug, and one multidrug-resistant strain was found. CONCLUSIONS: Fine-needle aspiration is simple, cost-effective and non-invasive and can be performed by trained staff. Combined with rapid molecular diagnostic tests, fine-needle aspirates could improve the diagnosis of @entity378 and provide valuable information for appropriate treatment and drug resistance.

title: Fine-needle aspiration for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis in XXXX in Bangui, Central African Republic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity42028 gene encoding @entity114 resistance can be located either chromosomally or on plasmids. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relationships and to determine the location of the @entity42028 gene in @entity794 isolated in @entity291 @entity1271 in Finland and Sweden. METHODS: Seventy-eight b-lactamase positive @entity794 isolates from @entity291 @entity1271 (34 from Finland and 44 from Sweden) were included in the study. The localization of @entity42028 gene was determined by Southern blotting. The @entity42028 genes of the isolates were sequenced and the sequences were translated to beta-lactamase proteins and further grouped as different protein signatures. The isolates and, as control, 33 Swedish and 36 Finnish beta-lactamase negative isolates were typed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: In 26 out of 34 Finnish isolates (76.5%) and in 25 out of 44 Swedish isolates (56.8%) the @entity42028 gene was localized on a plasmid. Six different protein signatures were found. One signature was found only in four Swedish isolates, but all other signatures were found both in Finnish and Swedish isolates. The PFGE results revealed a diversity of @entity794 clones. The protein signatures were not clearly associated with certain pulsotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The plasmid location of the @entity42028 gene was not statistically significantly more common in Finland than in Sweden, and hence does not explain the higher proportion of @entity114 -resistant isolates of @entity794 causing @entity291 @entity1271 in Finland compared to Sweden.

title: Genetic basis of @entity114 resistance of @entity794 isolated in @entity291 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The safety and usefulness of the SILS-TAPP (transabdominal pre-peritoneal) procedure remain unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the safety and usefulness of the SILS-TAPP procedure compared with standard laparoscopic TAPP and TEPP (totally extra-peritoneal pre-peritoneal) procedures. @entity1 AND METHODS: 85 @entity1 underwent @entity169 (TEPP, 30 @entity1 ; TAPP, 20 @entity1 ; SILS-TAPP, 35 @entity1 ) from 2007 to 2011. The operative outcomes of the three groups were compared. RESULTS: There was no difference in the @entity1 ' characteristics among the three groups. The TEPP Group had a longer operation time. One @entity1 in the SILS-TAPP group had an intraoperative complication. One @entity1 in the TAPP group had a @entity260 , and one @entity1 had ileus and one had an umbilical hernia in the SILS-TAPP group. The postoperative hospital stay was not significantly different among the three groups. There were no recurrences in the TEPP group, 1 case of recurrence (5.0%) in the @entity11327 group, and 1 case (2.9%) in the SILS-TAPP group. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings show that the SILS-TAPP repair is safe and feasible for the repair of adult @entity169 .

title: The safety and usefulness of the single incision, transabdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic technique for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Spherulosis of the breast is a rare but distinct benign morphological entity. As there are few cytological reports of breast spherulosis, the significance of spherulosis among cytological specimens is unclear. The objective was to document cytological aspects of spherulosis. METHODS: A total of 3491 consecutive breast fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples and 69 nipple discharge cytology samples were reviewed. Papanicolaou-stained slides with or without Romanowsky staining were analysed. The corresponding 1926 histological specimens were also reviewed. RESULTS: We detected 17 cases of @entity1413 ( @entity1413 ) and/or @entity3079 ( @entity3079 ) among 3560 breast cytology specimens (0.48%). All samples were from @entity1 , who varied in age from 22 to 69 years. @entity1413 and/or @entity3079 were present in 15 of 3491 FNAC specimens (0.43%) and in two of 69 nipple discharge cytology specimens (2.9%). Corresponding histological specimens were available for 14 of the 17 specimens. Of the 14 specimens, 12 consisted of @entity15779 , one of @entity1557 , and one of @entity3923 . There was no spherulosis among the 1251 cytological specimens of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Cytological evidence of spherulosis is a good indicator of @entity15779 .

title: Significance of collagenous and XXXX in breast cytology specimens.

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous spherulosis', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['fibrocystic change']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous spherulosis', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity15779 :: ('MESH:D018300', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papilloma']

answer: @entity3079 :: (MESH:D002288,Disease) :: ['mucinous spherulosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect on FEV1 and clinical outcomes of adding @entity13265 to @entity3045 in the treatment of @entity697 . METHODS: We conducted a pooled analysis of three randomized double-blinded clinical trials conducted in the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. The studies enrolled 1,064 @entity1 aged 18 to 55 years who presented at the emergency department with @entity697 . @entity1 were randomized to treatment with a combination of nebulized 2.5 mg @entity3045 plus 0.5 mg @entity13265 , or 2.5 mg @entity3045 alone. Medications were administered at baseline and, in the US study, at 45 min. FEV1 was measured at baseline, 45 min, and 90 min. @entity1 were followed up for 48 h after hospital discharge for occurrence of @entity565 exacerbation and hospitalization. RESULTS: Treatment groups were comparable at baseline. Of the 1,064 @entity1 randomized, 1,015 @entity1 (95%) remained in the study for measurement at 45 min, and 961 @entity1 (90%) completed the final measurement at 90 min. Comparison of overall improvement in FEV1 at 45 min indicated a better response for @entity1 receiving combination therapy (mean difference=43 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-20, 107). The distribution of change in FEV1 was skewed by a small number of @entity1 with extreme values (38 of 1,064=3.6%) that may have been due to unreliable lung function testing. Removing these outliers produced a larger and more precise estimate of effect (mean difference=55 mL, 95% CI=2,107). Because the distribution was skewed, we performed nonparametric analyses that showed evidence of a beneficial effect of combination therapy. The difference between median values at 45 min is 40 mL (Wilcoxon p value=0.03). In addition, 4.9% (95% CI=-1%, 11%) more @entity1 in the combination group achieved at least 20% of their potential improvement, as measured by the difference between their baseline FEV1 and their predicted FEV1. @entity1 receiving combination therapy had lower risk for each of three clinical outcomes: the need for additional treatment (relative risk [RR]=0.92, 95% CI=0.84, 1.0), risk of @entity565 exacerbation (RR=0.84, 95% CI=0.67, 1.04), and risk of hospitalization (RR=0.80, 95% CI=0.61, 1.06). CONCLUSION: Adding @entity13265 to @entity3045 in the treatment of @entity697 produces a small improvement in lung function, and reduces the risk of the need for additional treatment, subsequent @entity565 exacerbations, and hospitalizations. These apparent benefits of adding @entity13265 were independent of the amount of beta-agonist that had been used earlier in the attack, and possibly related to a @entity1729 . Confirmatory studies are needed, especially for clinical outcomes.

title: The effect of adding @entity13265 to XXXX in the treatment of @entity697 : a pooled analysis of three trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['recent upper respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: We studied 20 @entity1 with @entity2 that invaded the tracheal carina who were operated on during a recent 12-year period. Fifteen @entity1 underwent sleeve pneumonectomy, two had pneumonectomy, one had lobectomy with wedge resection of the carina, and two @entity1 had sleeve resection of the carina followed by reconstruction of the carina. There were two @entity1 with postsurgical @entity5 , 15 with stage IIIB, and three with stage IV disease that involved intrapulmonary @entity3 . However, the operations of 13 @entity1 were curative resections in which the surgical margin was negative for disease. Sleeve pneumonectomy was performed only in the last 3 years of the study period, after we had confirmed the safety and good results of bronchoplastic surgery by our experience of 100 cases of @entity9876 . Hence, the period of follow-up in this group is too short to assess long-term survival. Eleven @entity1 are alive, three died within 1 month after operation (15%), three died in the hospital beyond 1 month after the operation, and three died after discharge from hospital. Nine of the 11 surviving @entity1 have no evidence of disease 1 month to 2 1/2 years after the operation, but two are alive with supraclavicular lymph node @entity3 . The 1-year and 2-year survival rates for 17 cases (excluding the three operative @entity204 ) were both 59% by the Kaplan-Meier method. Two different methods were used to adjust the difference of calibers of the @entity825 and the bronchus. The first method involved the shift of the edge of the cartilagonous portion of the bronchus against the edge of the cartilaginous portion of the @entity825 and the other involved cutting the tracheal wall as a wedge-shaped piece to shorten the diameter of the tracheal caliber. To prevent complications after resection of the tracheal carina in 11 recent cases with sleeve pneumonectomy, anastomoses were protected by a pedicle fat flap nourished by internal thoracic artery and vein. No postoperative complications of anastomoses developed in any of these cases.

title: Resection of tracheal carina for XXXX . Procedure, complications, and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IIIA lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity9876 :: ('MESH:D020232', 'Disease') :: ['sleeve lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histologically diffuse-type @entity356 is well known to have a poor prognosis and is often complicated with @entity1143 . We evaluated the efficacy of a low dose of @entity900 combined with @entity1499 and @entity1487 (MFP therapy) in diffuse-type advanced @entity356 . METHODS: The study group comprised 47 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity1143 or @entity843 were actively enrolled. @entity1499 (30 mg/m(2) per day) plus @entity1487 (600 mg/m(2) per day) was administered on days 1 and 8. @entity900 (6 mg/m(2) per day) was given daily for 14 days after which there was 14 day's rest. @entity460 leucovorin (15 mg) was administered after @entity1499 . RESULTS: The overall response rate was 38.3%. Ascites disappeared or decreased in 15 of 23 @entity1 (disappeared in 9). @entity1143 disappeared or decreased in 6 of 8 @entity1 (disappeared in 4). Of the 21 @entity1 with poor oral intake at study entry, 15 (71.4%) were able to orally ingest food. @entity1503 of grade 3 or higher comprised @entity1431 in 10 @entity1 (21.3%) and @entity1398 in 9 (19.1%). Nonhematologic @entity137 included @entity448 and @entity390 / @entity391 , in 1 @entity1 each (2.1%). The median survival time was 211 days. CONCLUSION: MFP therapy is useful for the management of diffuse-type inoperable and recurrent @entity356 , even in @entity1 with conditions such as @entity1143 , @entity843 , or @entity7749 who have a poor prognosis or cannot eat solid food.

title: A phase II study of combined chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity1487 , and low-dose @entity900 (MFP) for histologically diffuse-type advanced and recurrent @entity356 (KDOG9501).

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'Pleural effusion', 'abdominal and pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate', 'Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity7749 :: ('MESH:D008205', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangitis carcinomatosa']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Previous studies from our laboratories have shown that carcinogenic peroxisome proliferators significantly increase the mRNA levels of peroxisomal beta-oxidation genes in the @entity35 liver by enhancing the transcriptional activity. Because of a good correlation between the inducibility of peroxisome proliferation and carcinogenicity of this class of xenobiotics, we proposed that sustained induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation system and the resultant oxidative stress form the basis for @entity105 . Since this concept implies that @entity5 should develop only in tissues which display maximal peroxisome proliferation, we have now assessed the degree to which @entity12609 and the three beta-oxidation genes are expressed in liver and 12 extrahepatic tissues of adult @entity35 fed for 2 weeks a diet containing 0.025% @entity17544 (w/w), a peroxisome proliferator. In the @entity17544 -treated @entity35 , the levels of @entity12609 mRNA increased to less than 2-fold in liver, kidney, intestine, and heart, but no change was detected in other tissues. The mRNA levels of the three genes of beta-oxidation system in the liver of adult @entity35 treated with @entity17544 increased greater than 20-fold. In contrast, in the kidney, small intestine, and heart the increases in the mRNA levels of all three beta-oxidation genes were small and varied from 2- to 4-fold following @entity17544 treatment. @entity17544 did not significantly increase the levels of these mRNAs in the other nine tissues. These results correlated well with the levels of peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity, peroxisome volume density, and the immunologically quantified proteins in various tissues. These results provide evidence for the presence of beta-oxidation enzymes in peroxisomes of many tissues of @entity35 and for tissue (cell)-specific differences in the inducibility of mRNAs of these beta-oxidation genes. The marked inducibility of beta-oxidation genes in liver and subsequent development of @entity96 support the hypothesis that @entity5 develop in tissues that show inducibility of peroxisome proliferation vis a vis beta-oxidation system following exposure to peroxisome proliferators.

title: Comparison of constitutive and inducible levels of expression of peroxisomal beta-oxidation and XXXX genes in liver and extrahepatic tissues of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity17544 :: ('MESH:C019304', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofibrate', 'Ciprofibrate']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity12609 :: (24248(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['catalase']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the accuracy of data on myocardial function provided by @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ), a new echocardiographic application that allows quantitative measurements of myocardial wall velocities, could help towards a better understanding of the natural history of @entity296 . DESIGN: Eighteen @entity1 with active @entity2012 (ten @entity1 and eight @entity1 ; mean age 48.0+/-15.0 years) with no other detectable cause of @entity299 underwent @entity3145 . Thirteen healthy individuals matched for age and body mass index acted as a control group. METHODS: Ejection fraction (EF), transmitral early/late diastolic velocity (E/A) ratio and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) were measured by conventional echocardiography; systolic peak (Sv) and early (Ev) and late (Av) diastolic peak velocities, Ev/Av ratio and regional IVRT (IVRTs) were obtained by @entity3145 . RESULTS: All @entity1 showed appreciably abnormal left ventricular global diastolic function represented by prolongation of the IVRT (P<0.001). Using @entity3145 we found a prolongation of IVRTs and inversion of the Ev/Av ratio. In addition, the Ev/Av ratio proved to be significantly negatively correlated with IVRT; this correlation was not present in the case of the E/A ratio. Furthermore, a decrease in Sv was detected in the basal segment of the lateral wall (P<0.01), which had the greatest degree of @entity67 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3145 confirmed the acknowledged @entity67 that accompanies @entity296 and highlighted the greater sensitivity of regional @entity3145 with respect to global Doppler diastolic indexes. Furthermore, by revealing an impairment of regional systolic function in presence of a normal EF, the findings with @entity3145 contradicted the largely accepted theory that systolic function remains normal for several years in @entity1 affected by @entity296 .

title: XXXX in @entity2012 : evidence by pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['acromegalic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging', 'PWTDI']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac dysfunction']


abstract: Fifteen adults with @entity1643 (M = 4 years), age 18 to 43 years (M = 29 years), participated. All but one were moderately to highly hypnotizable (M = 7.87; modified 11-point Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C [Weitzenhoffer _ Hilgard, 1962]), and significantly reduced @entity158 perception following @entity1337 instructions during cold-pressor @entity158 training. In Part 1, somatosensory event-related potential correlates of noxious electrical stimulation were evaluated during attend and @entity1337 ( @entity1337 ) conditions at anterior frontal (Fp1, Fp2), midfrontal (F3, F4), central (C3, C4), and parietal (P3, P4) regions. During @entity1337 , hypothesized inhibitory processing was evidenced by enhanced N140 in the anterior frontal region and by a prestimulus positive-ongoing contingent cortical potential at Fp1 only. During @entity1337 , decreased spatiotemporal perception was evidenced by reduced amplitudes of @entity19689 (bilateral midfrontal and central, and left parietal) and @entity3493 (right midfrontal and central). @entity1337 led to highly significant mean reductions in perceived @entity158 and distress. @entity1337 is an active process that requires inhibitory effort, dissociated from conscious awareness, where the anterior frontal cortex participates in a topographically specific inhibitory feedback circuit that cooperates in the allocation of thalamocortical activities. In Part 2, the authors document the development of self-efficacy through the successful transfer by @entity1 of newly learned skills of experimental @entity158 reduction to reduction of their own @entity1118 . Over three experimental sessions, @entity1 reported @entity1118 reduction, increased psychological well-being, and increased sleep quality. The development of "neurosignatures of @entity158 " can influence subsequent @entity158 experiences (Coderre, Katz, Vaccarino, _ Melzack, 1993; Melzack, 1993) and may be expanded in size and easily reactivated (Flor _ Birbaumer, 1994; Melzack, 1991, 1993). Therefore, hypnosis and other psychological interventions need to be introduced early as adjuncts in medical treatments for onset @entity158 before the development of @entity1118 .

title: XXXX : 1. Somatosensory event-related potential changes to noxious stimuli and 2. Transfer learning to reduce @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['hypnotic analgesia', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'sensory pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['Hypnotic analgesia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reconstruction after wide local excision of @entity320 in the head and neck can be formidable. Many @entity5 lie close to vital structures, and excision must carefully balance preservation of form and function. For small defects, primary closure or skin grafting is satisfactory. However, it has become increasingly evident that more advanced reconstructive procedures can improve the outcome in terms of both function and aesthetics. This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of flap closure after wide local excision of @entity320 in the head and neck and to develop a set of surgical recommendations on the basis of our experience. METHOD: We reviewed 35 @entity1 who underwent 39 flap closures at The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center after wide local excision of @entity135 . Local flaps were primarily used to close defects after the resection of superficial or intermediate-thickness @entity320 . Pedicle and free flaps were used to cover larger defects resulting from the excision of extensive @entity5 . The flap closures were compared with an analogous database of 560 @entity320 resections that underwent primary closure or skin grafting. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 population was 57 years. The most common location for @entity5 presentation was the cheek, followed by the ear, forehead, and lip. Pathologic findings most commonly demonstrated @entity320 , and the average defect size was 30.7 cm(2). Local flaps were used most often for reconstruction. The only variable that significantly predicted local recurrence was the depth of the @entity5 . Local, pedicle, or free flaps did not decrease the ability of detecting local recurrence or increase this number compared with primary closure and skin grafting. @entity260 were detected in seven @entity1 . We found flap closure to achieve excellent functional and aesthetic results. CONCLUSION: Although primary closure is the ideal method of reconstruction for small defects, flap closure provides a versatile and safe alternative when simple closure would yield unsatisfactory results. With careful planning, flap closure offers an exceptional functional and aesthetic result and may even enhance contour defects after extensive neck or parotid dissections. Moreover, our experience with flap closure did not appear to delay the detection of local recurrence and may have even served to decrease the incidence of local failure after wide local excision of @entity135 . Copyright 2000 John Wiley _ Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 8-15, 2001.

title: The role of soft tissue reconstruction after XXXX resection in the head and neck

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck melanomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Major postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'superficial spreading melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: From December 1989 to May 1995, a prospective study of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out in our department, in order to assess the reliability and safety of this method in the case of acute @entity2679 . During this period, 1453 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acute @entity2679 was diagnosed in 280 @entity1 , based on clinical history and macroscopic lesions. Only 221 cases (15%) were included in the study after positive histology was obtained (M: 86; F: 135). The mean age was 62 years (20-90). Sixty-two @entity1 (28%) were classified as ASA III and IV. The mean interval between the first symptoms and the operation was 9.9 days (1-53). The mean operating time was 130 minutes (45-420). Conversion to an open procedure was necessary in 22 cases (10%). The operative mortality was 0.9% (2 ASA IV @entity1 ) and the overall morbidity was 13.5%. A @entity1157 occurred in 0.4% of cases (1/221). In conclusion, laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute @entity2679 is a safe procedure, when performed by operators experienced in laparoscopic surgery.

title: [Is laparoscopic cholecystectomy effective and reliable in acute XXXX ? Results of a prospective study of 221 pathologically documented cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many surgeons have found laparoscopic fundoplication effective management of medically recalcitrant @entity354 ( @entity354 ) associated with sliding @entity357 . The anatomic distortion and technical difficulty inherent with repair has limited the use of laparoscopy for repair of "giant" @entity357 (gPH). METHODS: Since July 1993, we have accomplished laparoscopic repair of @entity357 in 54 of 60 (90%) @entity1 . Five @entity1 had @entity37460 with @entity13209 , and 53 @entity1 had large sliding/paraesophageal type III herniation. Two @entity1 had true @entity547 . None had gastric incarceration. Median age was 53 years and 28 of 60 (47%) were @entity1 . @entity662 and @entity1282 were primary complaints from 39 of 60 (65%). Heartburn with or without regurgitation was present in 52 of 60 (85%). Preoperative manometry and prolonged pH testing were obtained on 43 of 60 (72%) and 44 of 60 (73%) @entity1 , respectively. Principles of repair included reduction of the @entity547 , excision of the sac, crural approximation, and fundoplication over a 54F bougie (Nissen, 41; @entity24254 ; Toupet, 18) to "pexy" the stomach within the abdomen and to control postoperative reflux. RESULTS: Mean operative time was 202+/-81 minutes. Conversion to "open" repair was required in 6 @entity1 ( @entity1208 in 2 @entity1 and difficult @entity547 sac dissection in 4 @entity1 ). One postoperative mortality occurred as a result of @entity295 and @entity177 after an intraoperative esophageal perforation. Follow-up barium swallow performed in 44 of 60 @entity1 demonstrated recurrent @entity357 in 3 @entity1 . @entity1109 have been relieved in all but 3 @entity1 . Reoperation for recurrent @entity357 has been required in these latter 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although technically challenging, laparoscopic repair of @entity357 is a viable alternative to "open" surgical approaches. Control of the herniation and the @entity1 's symptoms are equivalent and hospitalization and return to full activity are shorter.

title: Laparoscopic management of giant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain']

entities_list: @entity13209 :: ('MESH:D006045', 'Disease') :: ['total intrathoracic stomachs']

entities_list: @entity37460 :: ('MESH:C565629', 'Disease') :: ['classic type II hernias']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['type I hiatal hernias', 'paraesophageal herniation', 'paraesophageal hiatal hernias', 'hiatal hernias', 'paraesophageal hernias']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic esophageal injury']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['parahiatal hernias', 'hernia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['paraesophageal herniation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between early to moderate @entity735 using summary data reports from the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), the @entity9999 Nerve Fiber Analyzer ( @entity9999 ), and the Optical Coherence Tomograph (OCT). DESIGN: Comparative cross-sectional study @entity1 : One eye each of 50 normal subjects and 39 @entity726 @entity1 with early to moderate @entity227 (mean deviation, -5.04 +/- 3.32 dB; range, -0.85 to -13.2 dB). METHODS: Three experienced graders masked to @entity1 identity and diagnosis evaluated each summary data report from the HRT, @entity9999 , and OCT independently. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Each summary report was classified as either normal or glaucomatous. Sensitivity and specificity are reported for each grader, and agreement between graders is reported. RESULTS: For the HRT, sensitivity and specificity ranged from 64% to 75% and 68% to 80%, respectively. Agreement (kappa +/- standard error [SE]) between observers one and two, two and three, and one and three was 0.73 +/- 0.07, 0.77 +/- 0.07, and 0.67 +/- 0.08, respectively. For the @entity9999 , sensitivity and specificity ranged from 72% to 82% and 56% to 82%, respectively. Agreement (kappa +/- SE) between observers one and two, two and three, and one and three was 0.66 +/- 0.08, 0.66 +/- 0.08, and 0.50 +/- 0.09, respectively. For the OCT, sensitivity and specificity ranged from 76% to 79% and 68% to 81%, respectively. Agreement (kappa +/- SE) between observers one and two, two and three, and one and three was 0.73 +/- 0.07, 0.58 +/- 0.08, and 0.51 +/- 0.09, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: When used alone, HRT, @entity9999 , and OCT summary data reports can differentiate between normal and @entity735 with mild to moderate @entity227 . However, none of the instruments provided sensitivity and specificity that justify summary data reports being used as a screening tool for early to moderate @entity726 .

title: Using optical imaging summary data to detect XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field damage', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous and normal eyes', 'glaucomatous eyes']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG) helps @entity1 with @entity6 maintain glycemic control. However, few reports exist on whether ambient temperature can influence SMBG values. AIM: To investigate the effect of ambient temperature on the association between SMBG and plasma @entity413 (PG) values. METHODS: The study was conducted between 2003 and 2010 in @entity6 @entity1 (n=2777, male/female = 1216/1561, mean age = 60.5   13.6 years) for whom the measurements of SMBG and PG were performed simultaneously (66,197 samples were measured). SMBG and PG were both measured by enzyme methods. Correlation coefficients were determined between SMBG and PG values, and the differences between their values were compared based on the temperature. RESULTS: SMBG and PG were closely correlated at each temperature. The PG-SMBG difference was smallest at an ambient temperature of 20  C, around which SMBG differed from PG with temperature; namely, the SMBG value decreased as the ambient temperature increased, while the SMBG value increased as the ambient temperature decreased. DISCUSSION: The present data indicate that the ambient temperature can minimally but significantly influence SMBG values. Further studies about the relevance of these findings on @entity1 self-care are warranted.

title: Influence of ambient temperature on the correlation between self-monitoring of blood @entity413 and plasma XXXX values in @entity6 management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The effects of insulin and @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) on amylase secretion, transmembrane movement of 45Ca2+ and K+, membrane potential and cyclic @entity377 levels in the isolated @entity19 pancreas were investigated. Insulin alone had no effect on either amylase secretion or 45Ca2+ fractional efflux but it markedly potentiated the @entity1617 -evoked amylase secretion and significantly reduced the @entity1617 -induced 45Ca2+ fractional efflux. These effects were dose related. Insulin evoked a small membrane hyperpolarization and an increase in K+ efflux. The islet hormone had virtually no effect on @entity1617 -induced membrane depolarization but it markedly enhanced the @entity1617 -elicited K+ efflux. Both insulin and @entity1617 had marked time-dependent effects on the metabolism of @entity268 ( @entity1919 ). Insulin increased and @entity1617 decreased @entity1919 concentration when applied separately. However, when added together, insulin and @entity1617 caused a rapid and sustained elevation of @entity1919 levels. Superfusion of @entity19 pancreatic fragments with an exogenous lipid-soluble derivative of @entity1919 ( @entity8279 ) caused dose-dependent increases in amylase secretion. @entity5393 also markedly enhanced, in a dose-dependent manner, the @entity1617 -evoked amylase secretion. It is concluded that insulin may exert its potentiating action on @entity1617 -evoked amylase output in the @entity19 pancreatic acinar cells by elevating both cytoplasmic @entity141 and @entity1919 levels.

title: Mechanism of action of insulin on XXXX -evoked amylase secretion in the @entity19 pancreas.

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['Dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ["dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Based on latest analyses disclosing an inverse association between ring-like structures in @entity2118 ( @entity45264 ) spatial profile and age-related @entity1020 , we performed additional analyses of @entity45264 measurements obtained in @entity1 of our earlier @entity8665 nutrition effects measured by autoflourescence (LUNA) study to disclose if oral @entity8665 (L) and @entity7695 (Z) can attenuate, amplify, or generate a ring structure. METHODS: A total of 97 subjects attended the last follow-up visit 3 months after discontinuation of a 6-month trial of 12 mg L and 1 mg Z supplementation. Of the subjects, 11 eyes had a secondary peak (ring-like structure) and 8 had an implied pericentral plateau/shoulder on the slope of @entity45264 density profile (intermediate distribution). RESULTS: L and Z intake led to a general shift toward higher @entity45264 values in eyes without ring structure. The difference between mean optical density of retinal @entity45264 (Diff @entity45264 ) at last follow-up and baseline was +0.16 density units (D.U.) at 0   eccentricity. Increments at 0.25  , 0.5  , 1  , and 2   (all P < 0.0001) decayed exponentially with higher eccentricity. @entity45264 showed comparatively slight central changes in eyes with ring and intermediate distribution (diff_MPOD at 0   +0.03 and +0.09), and increased at minimum (+0.06, P = 0.01) and maximum (+0.07, P = 0.02) of the ring, and at inner (+0.07, P = 0.04) and outer (+0.09, P = 0.01) radius of the pericentral "shoulder." CONCLUSIONS: Ring structures were neither attenuated nor generated de novo following supplementation. Individuals with second peak/implied plateau in the slope of the profile appear to have the most effective retinal stabilization of L and Z located at a pericentral rather than the central location.

title: Profiles of XXXX optical density and their changes following supplemental @entity8665 and @entity7695 : new results from the LUNA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['macular pigment']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity2118 :: (MESH:D010859,Disease) :: ['macular pigment']


abstract: This paper will describe the biomedical support aspects of @entity1 in space with respect to the vestibular system. The vestibular system is thought to be the primary sensory system involved in the short-term effects of space @entity11535 although there is increasing evidence that many factors play a role in this complex set of symptoms. There is the possibility that an individual's inner sense of orientation may be strongly coupled with the susceptibility to space @entity11535 . A variety of suggested countermeasures for space @entity11535 will be described. Although there are no known ground-based tests that can predict space @entity11535 , the search should go on. The long term effects of the vestibular system in weightlessness are still relatively unknown. Some preliminary data has shown that the otoconia are irregular in size and distribution following extended periods of weightlessness. The ramifications of this data are not yet known and because the data was obtained on lower order animals, definitive studies and results must wait until the space station era when higher primates can be studied for long durations. This leads us to artificial gravity, the last topic of this paper. The vestibular system is intimately tied to this question since it has been shown on Earth that exposure to a slow rotating room causes @entity11535 for some period of time before adaptation occurs. If the artificial gravity is intermittent, will this mean that @entity1 will get sick every time they experience it? The data from many astronauts returning to Earth indicates that a variety of @entity10582 are present, especially immediately upon return to a 1-g environment. Oscillopsia or apparent motion of the visual surround upon head motion along with @entity2194 for a given head motion, all indicate that there is much to be studied yet about the vestibular and CNS systems reaction to a sudden application of a steady state acceleration field like 1-g. From the above information it is obvious that the vestibular system does have unique requirements when it comes to the biomedical support of space flight. This is not to say that other areas such as cardiovascular, musculo-skeletal, immunological and hematological systems do not have their own unique requirements but that possible solutions to one system can provide continuing problems to another system. For example, artificial gravity might be helpful for long term stabilization of @entity79 or cardiovascular deconditioning but might introduce a new set of problems in orientation, vestibular conflict and just plain body motion in a rotating space vehicle.

title: Vestibular factors influencing the biomedical support of XXXX in space.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate eye motions']

entities_list: @entity10582 :: ('MESH:D007088', 'Disease') :: ['sensory illusions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone demineralization']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['motion sickness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated that minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy (VAP) can be performed via a lateral approach on the line of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The aim of this study was to compare the results of this technique with those of conventional parathyroidectomy (CP) in a case-control study. METHODS: Over a 2-year period, 80 VAP were attempted. The selection criteria were as follows: sporadic @entity459 , no history of previous neck surgery, no @entity1374 , suggestion of a single @entity652 on preoperative imaging. A rapid intraoperative @entity461 ( @entity461 ) assay was performed. The procedure was completed successfully in 68 @entity1 . A case-control study of 68 @entity1 who underwent CP for a single @entity652 was performed. The controls were matched for age and sex. RESULTS: All of the @entity1 were normocalcemic at follow-up. No statistically significant differences between the VAP and the control groups were found for age, sex, pre- and postoperative calcemia and @entity461 , @entity652 weight, operating time, complication rate, or postoperative stay. One VAP @entity1 developed recurrent @entity3746 . @entity1 who underwent VAP required less analgesics (p < 0.0001) and were more satisfied with the cosmetic results (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that VAP by the lateral approach has some advantages over CP in terms of @entity282 and cosmetic results.

title: Video-assisted parathyroidectomy via the lateral approach vs conventional surgery in the treatment of sporadic XXXX : results of a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Mutation of one of the @entity462 residues in the redox active @entity1520 of @entity39631 reductase from @entity526 results in @entity55748 with @entity2569 138 remaining or @entity45156 with @entity2569 135 remaining. The expression system for the genes encoding thioredoxin reductase, wild-type enzyme, @entity55748 , and @entity45156 has been re-engineered to allow for greater yields of protein. Wild-type enzyme and @entity55748 were found to be as previously reported, whereas discrepancies were detected in the characteristics of @entity45156 . It was shown that the original @entity45156 was a heterogeneous mixture containing @entity45156 and wild-type enzyme and that enzyme obtained from the new expression system is the correct species. @entity45156 obtained from the new expression system having 0.1% activity and 7% @entity1785 fluorescence of wild-type enzyme was used in this study. Reductive titrations show that, as expected, only 1 mol of @entity6857 /mol of FAD is required to reduce @entity45156 . The remaining @entity1432 in @entity55748 and @entity45156 has been reacted with @entity8865 to form mixed @entity1525 . The half time of the reaction was <5 s for @entity2569 138 in @entity55748 and approximately 300 s for @entity2569 135 in @entity45156 showing that @entity2569 138 is much more reactive. The resulting mixed @entity1525 have been reacted with @entity2569 32 in @entity55749 mutant thioredoxin to form stable, covalent adducts @entity45156 - @entity55749 and @entity55748 - @entity55749 . The half times show that @entity2569 138 is approximately fourfold more susceptible to attack by the nucleophile. These results suggest that @entity2569 138 may be the @entity1432 initiating @entity32738 - @entity1520 interchange between thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin.

title: Formation and properties of mixed @entity1525 between thioredoxin reductase from @entity526 and thioredoxin: evidence that @entity462 -138 functions to initiate @entity32738 - XXXX interchange and to accept the reducing equivalent from reduced @entity1785 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity8865 :: ('MESH:D004228', 'Chemical') :: ["5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)"]

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity6857 :: ('MESH:D004227', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dithionite']

entities_list: @entity55749 :: ('p|SUB|C|35|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C35S']

entities_list: @entity1525 :: ('MESH:D004220', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfides']

entities_list: @entity39631 :: ('CHEBI:15967', 'Chemical') :: ['thioredoxin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['disulfide']


abstract: It has long been recognized that @entity73 occurs in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) particularly among @entity1 with a chronic progressive course. @entity15 is considered a type of "subcortical @entity303 " in which cognitive and @entity146 resemble those observed in @entity1 with a @entity75 . The Bicycle Drawing Test is employed for the neuropsychological assessment of @entity73 specifically that of mechanical reasoning and visuographic functioning. It also provides clues concerning the @entity1 's organizational skills which are subserved by the frontal lobes. Extracerebral pulsed applications of picotesla flux intensity electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been shown to improve cognitive functions in @entity1 with @entity15 . I present three @entity1 with long standing symptoms of @entity15 who, on the initial baseline, pretreatment Bicycle Drawing Test, exhibited @entity73 manifested by omissions of @entity1957 . All @entity1 demonstrated progressive improvement in their performance during treatment with EMFs lasting from 6-18 months. The improvement in cognitive functions, which occurred during the initial phases of the treatment, was striking for the changes in organizational skills reflecting frontal lobe functions. These findings demonstrate that progressive recovery of cognitive functions in @entity15 @entity1 are observed over time through continued administration of picotesla flux intensity EMFs. It is believed that the beneficial cognitive effects of these EMFs are related to increased synaptic neurotransmission and that the progressive @entity73 noted in these @entity1 is associated with slow recovery of synaptic functions in monoaminergic neurons of the frontal lobe or its projections from subcortical areas.

title: Progressive XXXX in @entity15 from treatment with electromagnetic fields.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive improvement']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['essential details and deficient organizational skills']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive improvement']


abstract: The hydraulic conductivity of the @entity35 proximal tubular wall was determined using colloidal solutions perfused in short (50--200 mum) (SMP) or long (90--200 mum) (LMP) proximal tubular segments. In SMP human serum albumin (HSA) or @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ) was added to @entity9592 solutions. A Lp of 0.019 nl-min-1-mm-1-mm Hg-1 was found when high colloid concentrations were used while values of 0.055--0.092 were found when low colloid concentrations were used. In other experiments, the Lp was determined by perfusing short tubular segments with pure raffinose solutions. A value of 0.015 nl-min-1-mm-1-mm Hg-1 was found. This is twice the value found when raffinose solutions were perfused through long tubular segments and it is concluded that the short microperfusion technique overestimates Lp with a factor of two. When microperfusions of long tubular segments were conducted, @entity12468 was added to an equilibrium solution consisting of @entity1219 (110 mM) and raffinose (80 mM). Lp was found to be 0.018--0.021 when high colloid concentrations were used, while a value of 0.029 was found when a low colloid concentration was used. As found in both SMP and LMP a decrease in Lp's with increasing colloid concentrations indicates that a significant influence of radial concentration differences is highly probable. It is therefore suggested that the highest Lp derived when using the lowest colloid concentrations represents the best estimate. With this Lp value (0.03--0.05 nl-min-1-mm-1-mm Hg-1) and the existing transtubular hydrostatic and oncotic pressure difference it can be calculated that these passive forces might constitute the driving force for 1/3 of the fluid reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.

title: The hydraulic conductivity of the XXXX proximal tubular wall determined with colloidal solutions.

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity466 ( @entity466 ) present with @entity1292 that are almost universally fatal in infancy. The mainstay treatment for these @entity1 is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, but sustained polyclonal T cell reconstitution is too often unsatisfactory. Although transplantation is conventionally performed by i.v. administration of HSC, we hypothesized that an intrathymic strategy would be superior. Indeed, several progenitor cell populations are incapable of homing to the thymus, the major site of T cell differentiation, and it appears that there are extensive time periods during which the thymus is refractory to progenitor cell import. To test this hypothesis, nonconditioned @entity1 @entity6755 -deficient @entity466 @entity19 were intrathymically injected with WT bone marrow progenitor cells, a procedure accomplished without surgical intervention. Upon intrathymic HSC injection, there was a more rapid T cell differentiation, with mature thymocytes detected by 4 weeks after transplantation. Intrathymic injection of HSC also resulted in significantly higher numbers of peripheral T cells, increased percentages of na  ve T cells, and more diverse T cell receptor repertoires. Moreover, T cell reconstitution after intrathymic transplantation was obtained after injection of 10-fold fewer donor HSC. Thus, this intrathymic transplantation approach may improve the outcome of @entity466 @entity1 by enhancing T cell reconstitution.

title: Intrathymic administration of hematopoietic progenitor cells enhances T cell reconstitution in @entity6755 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity466 :: (MESH:D016511,Disease) :: ['severe combined immunodeficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the value of laryngeal electromyography (EMG) in monitoring @entity1 with @entity3746 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscles of 40 @entity1 (10 females, 30 males; mean age 32 years; range 18 to 61 years) with @entity3746 were monitored with laryngeal electromyography. The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to time to presentation after symptom onset, i.e. within 1-3 months (group 1; n=14), and after at least 12 months (group 2; n=26). Electromyography was repeated every three months in group 1, and in the third and sixth months in group 2. RESULTS: Initial EMG examinations showed polyphasic reinnervation potentials and partial @entity528 in 21 laryngeal nerves in group 1. Recovery was expected in these @entity1 . Repeat EMGs revealed normal findings in 17 laryngeal nerves, yielding a prognostic estimation of 80.9% (17/21). In group 2, none of the @entity1 demonstrated polyphasic potentials or motor unit potentials suggesting reinnervation on admission. The earliest and latest recoveries were observed in the fourth and eleventh months (mean 6.4 months) in group 1, respectively. However, group 2 @entity1 were followed-up for at least 18 months after the onset of their symptoms and none manifested clinical and electrophysiologic improvement. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that EMG is a useful technique in the estimation of prognosis of @entity1 presenting in the early period of @entity3746 .

title: [The value of laryngeal electromyography in the prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity3746 :: (MESH:D014826,Disease) :: ['vocal cord paralysis']


abstract: A 28-year-old @entity1 with recurrent @entity4 was found to have increased values in several liver function tests (GOT 162 U/l, @entity6283 356 U/l, gamma-GT 643 U/l, @entity648 3.0 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 925 U/l). Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated lymph node enlargements up to 3 cm, dilated intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, as well as a cyst of 3 cm size in the pancreatic tail. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and punch biopsy of the liver revealed @entity991 . In addition to the eyelid swellings the @entity1 also had protrusion of the @entity551 (800/microliter) and marked increase in polyclonal IgG (6930 mg/dl) with @entity3329 suggesting the diagnosis of @entity9233 ( @entity9233 , @entity1112 ), confirmed by lymphocyte surface marker analysis. However, histological examination of a lymph node was more suggestive of a @entity784 . Treatment with @entity10055 (250 mg three times daily) and @entity617 (initially 2 mg/kg daily) quickly led to normal biochemical values and regression of the eye changes. In addition, treatment with interferon alpha-2b (initially 3 mill. U daily for 10 days) was begun. The @entity1157 disappeared 6 months later. The @entity1 has been in full remission for 25 months ( @entity617 dosage reduced to 12.5/7.5 mg alternating daily and interferon alpha-2b 3 mill. U three times weekly). This response makes @entity9233 with secondary involvement of the bile ducts the most likely diagnosis.

title: [ @entity9233 with dysproteinemia and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling of both upper eyelids']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['lymphogranulomatosis X']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the bile ducts']

entities_list: @entity9233 :: ('MESH:D007119', 'Disease') :: ['angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia', 'AILD']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['left eyeball, blood eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although acute @entity2072 use has been temporally associated with @entity510 ( @entity510 ), the prevalence of @entity2553 and the clinical outcome of @entity1 experiencing @entity510 associated with @entity2072 exposure are unclear. We have analyzed this @entity1 population in our institution to address these issues. METHODS: Between 1992 and 1999, 440 @entity1 presented to our institution with @entity510 . This sample was retrospectively analyzed to determine which @entity1 had used @entity2072 within 72 hours of @entity510 as documented by urine toxicology studies or @entity1 history. These @entity1 were then compared with control @entity510 @entity1 without recent @entity2072 exposure through univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity510 @entity1 (6.1% of total) had either urine toxicology positive for @entity2072 metabolites (20 @entity1 , 74%) or a history of @entity2072 use within 72 hours of @entity510 (7 @entity1 , 26%). @entity2072 users were more likely to experience @entity2553 defined as a delayed clinical deficit (from 3 to 16 days after @entity510 ) unexplained by concurrent CT scan and either responsive to hypervolemic and/or @entity101 therapy or accompanied by angiographic confirmation of vessel narrowing than control subjects (63% versus 30%; odds ratio [OR], 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77 to 8.62; P=0.001). @entity1 using @entity2072 were younger than control subjects (mean age, 36 versus 52 years; P<0.0001). @entity439 of the anterior circulation were observed more frequently in @entity2072 users than in control subjects (97% versus 84%; OR, 6.89; 95% CI, 1.18 to 47.47; P=0.029). A significant difference was not observed, however, in the discharge Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores between the 2 groups (P=0.73). Differences were not observed between the 2 groups when the distributions of sex, @entity101 , admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale @entity510 grade, and @entity439 were analyzed. @entity2357 models identified variables independently associated with @entity2553 and discharge GOS score. Only a thick blood clot on the admission CT (OR, 7.46; 95% CI, 3.95 to 14.08; P<0.0001) and recent @entity2072 use (OR, 6.41; 95% CI, 2.14 to 19.23; P=0.0009) were independently associated with @entity2553 . @entity2072 use was not independently associated with the discharge GOS score. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there is an increased prevalence of @entity2553 in @entity510 @entity1 with recent @entity2072 exposure but no difference in clinical outcome. In addition, these @entity1 are younger and more likely to have anterior circulation @entity439 .

title: @entity2072 use is an independent risk factor for XXXX after @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'aSAH']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysms', 'multiple aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['cerebral vasospasm']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of @entity1311 plus @entity902 -based chemotherapy in the treatment of extraovarian peritoneal serous @entity1377 (EPSPC) and @entity43 ( @entity43 ). Only the @entity1 treated with initial surgery plus postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and having FIGO stage IIIC disease with omental and/or peritoneal involvement were analyzed. Thirty-two @entity1 with EPSPC and 43 with @entity43 were included in this study. The median age, mean CA-125, and volume of @entity8056 were higher in @entity1 with EPSPC. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to other prognosticators. The median overall survival (OS) durations were 30 months (95% CI 24.8-35.3) in @entity1 with EPSPC and 28 months (95% CI 21.1-34.9) in those with @entity43 (P= 0.35). The 3-year OS rates in the @entity1 and controls were 28% and 31%, respectively (P= 0.84). In @entity1 with EPSPC, only optimal cytoreduction was significantly related to progression-free survival and OS durations as a prognostic factor. In the EPSPC group, 65.5% of the @entity1 (19/29) had lymphatic involvement, compared to 88.4% (38/43) in the @entity43 group (P= 0.02). As an adjuvant therapy, the @entity1311 plus @entity902 -based combination regimen had similar effects on survival in the EPSPC and @entity43 groups.

title: Long-term survival after @entity1311 plus @entity902 -based combination chemotherapy for extraovarian peritoneal serous XXXX : is it different from that for @entity43 ?

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian serous papillary cancer', 'OSPC']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5203 has proven efficacy in the treatment of @entity102 and @entity2023 , but it has not been evaluated in the subpopulation of @entity748 @entity1 with @entity1109 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of @entity5203 treatment in improving the control of @entity565 symptoms during the @entity566 season in @entity1 with active @entity565 and seasonal aeroallergen sensitivity. METHODS: Adults with a history of @entity102 who are also symptomatic during the @entity566 season and with skin test sensitivity to seasonal aeroallergens were enrolled in a randomized, parallel-group, multicenter study with a 1-week, single-blind, placebo run-in period followed by 3 weeks of double-blind treatment during the spring of 2004. After the run-in period, eligible @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either oral @entity5203 (10 mg) or placebo. Daytime and nighttime @entity565 symptom scores, beta-agonist use, and morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates were recorded daily using an electronic diary. The primary end point was mean change from baseline to week 3 in the daytime @entity565 symptom score. RESULTS: Of 455 randomized @entity1 , 433 completed the study. Compared with placebo, treatment with @entity5203 resulted in a significant improvement from baseline in the daytime @entity565 symptom score (-0.54 vs -0.34; P = .002) and in beta-agonist use, nighttime symptoms, and peak expiratory flow rates. Few @entity1 in the @entity5203 and placebo groups discontinued study participation because of @entity565 (1.3% and 3.0%, respectively). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity102 and seasonal aeroallergen sensitivity, @entity5203 treatment provided significant @entity565 control during the @entity566 season compared with placebo.

title: Efficacy of @entity5203 during the XXXX season in @entity1 with @entity102 and seasonal aeroallergen sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal asthma symptoms']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast', 'Montelukast']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: @entity328 is a pathogen associated with a range of @entity3 . Despite the identification of the majority of virulence factors expressed by @entity2260 , knowledge of the strategies used by this bacterium to trigger @entity281 , especially those originating at wet-surfaced epithelia, remains limited. In this regard, we recently reported a mechanism used by a nonencapsulated, @entity2024 -causing strain of @entity2260 SP168) to gain access into ocular surface epithelial cells. Mechanistically, strain SP168 secretes a @entity219 metalloproteinase, encoded by a truncated zmpC gene, to cleave off the ectodomain of a vital defense component - the membrane mucin MUC16 - from the apical glycocalyx barrier of ocular surface epithelial cells and, thereby invades underlying epithelial cells. Here, we compare the truncated SP168 ZmpC to its highly conserved archetype from @entity2260 serotype 4 (TIGR4), which has been linked to pneumococcal virulence in previous studies. Comparative @entity377 sequence analyses revealed that the zmpC gene corresponding to strain SP168 has two stretches of DNA deleted near its 5' end. A third 3 bp in-frame deletion, resulting in the elimination of an @entity493 residue, was found towards the middle segment of the SP168 zmpC. Closer examination of the primary structure revealed that the SP168 ZmpC lacks the canonical LPXTG motif - a signature typical of several surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria and of other pneumococcal @entity219 metalloproteinases. Surprisingly, in vitro assays performed using recombinant forms of ZmpC indicated that the truncated SP168 ZmpC induces more cleavage of the MUC16 ectodomain than its TIGR4 counterpart. This feature may help explain, in part, why @entity2260 SP168 is better equipped at abrogating the MUC16 glycocalyx barrier en route to causing @entity2024 .

title: Identification of an atypical @entity219 metalloproteinase, ZmpC, from an @entity2024 -causing strain of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2260 :: ('2104', 'Species') :: ['S. pneumoniae (strain', 'S. pneumoniae strain', 'S. pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive and noninvasive infections']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']