abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 is the most serious long-term complication that can occur after repair of a groin @entity547 . The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of @entity1 who report severe or very severe @entity158 3 months after groin @entity547 repair. METHODS: This was a population-based study of all @entity1 who underwent repair of a groin @entity547 between April 1998 and March 1999 in Scotland. All received a postal questionnaire 3 months after @entity547 repair and those who reported severe or very severe @entity158 at the operation site were asked to complete a further questionnaire 2.5 years later. The main outcome measure included the number of @entity1 with persistent @entity158 and the effect of @entity158 on daily activities and quality of life. RESULTS: Of 5506 @entity1 who underwent repair of a groin @entity547 , 4062 (74 per cent) returned the first questionnaire and 125 (3 per cent) reported severe or very severe @entity158 . Eight-six (72 per cent) of 120 @entity1 (five had died or could not be contacted at the original address) replied to the second questionnaire; 61 (71 per cent) still reported @entity158 , which was severe or very severe @entity158 in 22 (26 per cent) and mild or very mild in 39 (45 per cent). Twenty-nine (48 per cent) sought further medical help from their general practitioner or surgeon. Nine (15 per cent) attended a @entity158 clinic while five (8 per cent) had further surgery. @entity1118 had significant effects (P < 0.001) on all daily activities including walking, work, sleep, relationships with other @entity1 , mood and general enjoyment of life. CONCLUSION: @entity1118 persists in most @entity1 who report severe or very severe @entity158 at 3 months after @entity547 repair, and has a significant effect on the @entity1 ' daily activities and quality of life.

title: Outcome of @entity1 with severe XXXX following repair of groin @entity547 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) fabricated from @entity3584 pretreated heterograft materials, porcine aortic valves or @entity291 pericardium (BP), are widely used in cardiac surgery. BHV progressively fail in clinical use due to @entity528 . Previously we reported that @entity21614 , an oxidized @entity535 , was present in failed clinical BP-BHV explants; unimplanted BP had no detectable @entity21614 . In the same studies BP were demonstrated in vitro to be susceptible to oxidative damage, that could be mitigated with BP covalently modified with the antioxidant, 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propyl amine ( @entity11559 ). The present studies compared in @entity35 subdermal implants @entity3584 pretreated BP to BP modified with either @entity11559 or the chemical reactions used to link @entity11559 . All BP explants regardless of @entity11559 demonstrated reduced @entity720 and increased digestibility by collagenase. However, the @entity11559 -BP explants showed significant inhibition of reduced explant shrink temperatures (an index of crosslinking) compared to control BP. Significant mitigation of calcification was observed in both the BP-DBP and chemically modified explants compared to BP. @entity21614 was not detectable in the 90 day explants. It is concluded that @entity35 subdermal BP implants undergo both calcific and non-calcific @entity528 , but without the formation of @entity21614 , unlike clinical BP explants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: The effects of the covalent attachment of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propyl amine to @entity3584 pre-treated XXXX pericardium on @entity528 , oxidative modification and calcification of @entity35 subdermal implants.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity21614 :: ('CHEBI:50607', 'Chemical') :: ['Dityrosine', 'dityrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['structural degeneration']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity0 is a common @entity5 and the second most frequent cause of @entity204 among @entity1 . Our aim was to perform DNA copy number profiling of 22q in @entity0 using a methodology which is superior, as compared to the ones applied previously. We studied 83 biopsies from 63 @entity5 obtained from 60 female @entity1 . A general conclusion is that multiple distinct patterns of genetic aberrations were observed, which included deletion(s) and/or gain(s), ranging in size from affecting the whole chromosome to only a few hundred kb. Overall, the analysis revealed genomic imbalances of 22q in 22% (14 out of 63) of @entity5 . The predominant profile (11%) was monosomy 22. The smallest identified candidate region, in the vicinity of telomere of 22q, encompasses approximately 220 kb and was involved in all but one of the @entity5 with aberrations on chromosome 22. This segment is dense in genes and contains 11 confirmed and one predicted gene. The availability of multiple biopsies from a single @entity5 provides an excellent opportunity for analysis of possible intra- @entity5 differences in genetic profiles. In 15 @entity5 we had access to two or three biopsies derived from the same lesion and these were studied independently. Four out of 15 (26.6%) @entity5 displayed indications of clonal intra- @entity5 genotypic differences, which should be viewed as a high number, considering that we studied in detail only a single @entity1 chromosome. Our results open up several avenues for continued genetic research of @entity0 .

title: Chromosome 22 array-CGH profiling of XXXX delimited minimal common regions of genomic imbalances and revealed frequent intra-tumoral genetic heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The risks associated with teenage sex include pregnancy and a high rate of @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study compared female teenagers. 32 with @entity2953 and 90 with @entity364 who were treated in the City Center for Skin and @entity2953 in Belgrade from January 2000 to June 2001. An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect data and an univariate logistic regression analysis was performed RESULTS: Thle mean age of @entity1 was 18.2 years. About 40% of respondents reported to have their first sexual intercourse at the age of 14-16 years. The majority of cases and controls had one or two partners, but a greater percentage of cases had six or more partners compared to controls (12.5% vs. 3.3%). Adolescents with @entity2953 frequently had sexual intercourse on the first date (p < 0.05), and more frequently reported previous @entity2953 in their personal history (p < 0.05). Consistent use of condoms was less frequent among cases than among controls, both with steady (9.4% vs. 27.8%) and irregular partners (30.0% vs. 70.6%). The majority of teenagers (95%) thinks that sexual education at schools should be better. DISCUSSION: According to the results obtained, which are in agreement with literature data, teenagers should change their behavior, especially with respect to condom use both during vaginal and anal sex. Health education at schools could probably influence future @entity146 , and counseling for @entity2953 should be offered to all teenagers attending STD clinics. CONCLUSION: The best way to avoid unwanted pregnancy and @entity2953 is to delay the first sexual experience, reduce the number of sexual partners and increase the protection by condom use.

title: [Characteristics of XXXX among teenagers in Belgrade].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal skin infections']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'Venereal Diseases', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sexual behavior']


abstract: The indications for surgery of @entity16453 and the different surgical approaches are discussed in detail. The transnasal approaches should be done only in emergency situations or as first-aid treatment; the transmaxillary approach is not important today. The transpalatinal approach in the head-down position under microsurgical conditions has proved to be much better. Thirty-six cases with @entity16453 were observed in 15 years. Thirty-four @entity1 were operated on in infancy or childhood and controlled later on. Four @entity1 showed bilateral @entity16453 ; the other @entity1 had unilateral complete @entity1146 . In 8 @entity1 a transnasal approach was done, in 6 cases there was a recurrence in the form of a @entity850 and after transpalatinal re-operations there was a relapse in only one case. One @entity1 was operated on the transmaxillary approach. In 25 cases the transpalatinal approach was the method of operation; relapse was seen in 5 cases only and could be revised by transpalatinal approach, one case excepted. Own experience and the present results show that the transpalatinal approach is suitable for adults as well as newborn babies and @entity1 . On account of the better view of the operating area and optimal reconstructive conditions, the transpalatinal approach appears to be safer and long-term results are good.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['complete stenosis']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia', 'congenital choanal atresia']

answer: @entity16453 :: (MESH:D002754,Disease) :: ['choanal atresia']


abstract: Oxidative stress induced by reactive @entity26 species (ROS) increases during lifespan and is involved in @entity1240 processes. The p66Shc adaptor protein is a master regulator of oxidative stress response in mammals. Ablation of p66Shc enhances oxidative stress resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, it has been demonstrated that its deletion retards @entity1240 in @entity19 . Recently, new insights in the molecular mechanisms involving p66Shc and the p53 @entity5 suppressor genes were given: a specific p66Shc/p53 transcriptional regulation pathway was uncovered as determinant in oxidative stress response and, likely, in @entity1240 . p53, in a p66Shc-dependent manner, negatively downregulates the expression of 200 genes which are involved in the G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle and are downregulated during physiological @entity1240 . p66Shc modulates the response of p53 by activating a p53 isoform (p44/p53, also named Delta40p53). Based on these latest results, several developments are expected in the future, as the generation of animal models to study @entity1240 and the evaluation of the use of the p53/p66Shc target genes as biomarkers in @entity1240 @entity66 . The aim of this review is to investigate the conservation of the p66Shc and p53 role in oxidative stress between fish and mammals. We propose to approach this study trough a new model organism, the annual fish @entity29963 , that has been demonstrated to develop typical signs of @entity1240 , like in mammals, including senescence, @entity179 and @entity5 .

title: Modelling the p53/p66Shc Aging Pathway in the Shortest Living Vertebrate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29963 :: ('105023', 'Species') :: ['Nothobranchius furzeri']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['related diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity29963 :: (105023,Species) :: ['Nothobranchius Furzeri']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Right ventricular function is a determinant of prognosis and survival in @entity1 with @entity120 . The pulmonary @entity101 right ventricle has a complex shape. Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography is the primary examination for demonstrating right @entity67 . Nowadays, many indices have been linked with @entity120 . The myocardial performance index (MPI), which may be determined by both conventional Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), is one of these. METHODS: Ninety-three @entity1 with @entity120 were examined retrospectively over 3 years' treatment. The relationship between MPI and right @entity67 was studied, as well as the correlation with various echocardiographic determinants. In addition, we examined the correlation between conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging with reference to the MPI. RESULTS: MPI had a statistically significant relationship with the visual estimation of right @entity67 (r = 0.714, p = 0.001), the degree of @entity338 (r = 0.155, p = 0.048), left ventricular eccentricity index (r = 0.299, p = 0.001 in systole) and the presence of pericardial effusion (r = 0.199, p = 0.008), while it was inversely correlated with left ventricular fractional shortening (r = -0.284, p = 0.001). However, the index had no correlation with tricuspid regurgitant velocity, right ventricular acceleration time or right atrial volume. There was significant agreement between the MPI measured by conventional Doppler echocardiography and by TDI (r = 0.83, p < 0.001; mean value -0.10, SD 0.2). Finally, some @entity1 showed a significant decrease in tricuspid regurgitant velocity and MPI during their treatment. CONCLUSION: Right ventricular MPI has a good correlation with several parameters and can be a good prognostic factor for right @entity67 in @entity1 with @entity120 .

title: Retrospective study of pulmonary @entity101 XXXX : is right ventricular myocardial performance index a vital prognostic factor?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic evidence suggests a link between short sleep duration and cardiovascular risk, although the nature of any relationship and mechanisms remain unclear. Short sleep duration has also been linked to an increase in cardiovascular events. @entity409 has itself been implicated as a mediator of heightened cardiovascular risk. We sought to determine the effect of 8 days/8 nights of partial sleep restriction on endothelial function in healthy @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen healthy volunteers underwent a randomized study of usual sleep versus sleep restriction of two-thirds normal sleep time for 8 days/8 nights in a hospital-based clinical research unit. The main outcome was endothelial function measured by @entity450 ( @entity4631 ). Those randomized to sleep restriction slept 5.1 hours/night during the experimental period compared with 6.9 hours/night in the control group. Sleep restriction was associated with significant impairment in @entity4631 (8.6  4.6% during the initial pre-randomization acclimation phase versus 5.2  3.4% during the randomized experimental phase, P=0.01) whereas no change was seen in the control group (5.0  3.0 during the acclimation phase versus 6.73  2.9% during the experimental phase, P=0.10) for a between-groups difference of -4.40% (95% CI -7.00 to -1.81%, P=0.003). No change was seen in @entity450 ( @entity450 ) in either group. CONCLUSION: In healthy individuals, moderate sleep restriction causes @entity409 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01334788.

title: Experimental sleep restriction causes XXXX in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated brachial artery vasodilatation', 'NFMD', 'non-flow mediated vasodilatation']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic resection has become an accepted approach to @entity674 ( @entity674 ), with acceptable early results published in the literature. Long-term recurrence rates, however, are still unclear, and the management of @entity5 in challenging locations requires exploration. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all @entity1 undergoing a laparoscopic resection of @entity356 in our institution between November 1997 and July 2004 was performed. RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 with 15 @entity5 were evaluated, 5 of which were located high on the lesser curve. All the @entity1 had an attempted laparoscopic approach, with the following procedures performed: stapled wedge excision (n = 8), excision and manual sewing technique (n = 4), and distal gastrectomy (n = 1). Overall, there was a 15% (n = 2) conversion rate. Lesions found in the fundus and greater curvature areas were easily resected via simple stapled wedge excision. High lesser curve @entity5 were more difficult to manage and required a combination of methods for complete excision and preservation of the gastrointestinal junction including intraoperative gastroscopy, excision and manual sewing technique, and reconstruction over an esophageal bougie. There were no postoperative complications, and the length of hospital stay was 4.6 +/- 1.9 days. At a median follow-up period of 46.5 months (mean, 37.4 +/- 26 months), one @entity1 experienced a recurrence (18 months postoperatively), with eventual disease-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic approach to @entity356 is safe and associated with acceptable short- and intermediate-term results. High lesser curve @entity674 can be safely approached laparoscopically using various techniques to ensure an adequate resection margin without compromise of the GE junction.

title: Laparoscopic resection of XXXX : not all @entity5 are created equal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST', 'gastric GIST tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: We presented six @entity1 with @entity189 of the lung. There were 4 male and 2 female whose ages ranged from 43 to 64 years, with a mean age of 54.3 years. While two @entity1 were nonsmoker, four @entity1 were current smoker, with a mean smoking history of 52.5 (30-90) pack-years. Bronchoscopic examination detected endobronchial lesion in three @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity189 was established with cutting needle biopsy in one case and with thoracotomy in five cases. Epithelial component was @entity957 in three cases and @entity420 in the other three cases. There was bone @entity3 in one case. She received chemotherapy and died two months after therapy. Among five @entity1 who underwent surgery, pathologic staging was Stage IB in two @entity1 , Stage IIB in two @entity1 and Stage IV in one @entity1 . Treatment modality was lobectomy in three cases and pneumonectomy in two cases. Survival time for @entity1 after surgery was 2 to 20 months. In conclusion, @entity189 is a rare @entity2 . Diagnosis is frequently established with thoracotomy. These @entity5 have poor prognosis.

title: XXXX of the lung: a report of six cases.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['tumor of the lung']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Pleomorphic carcinoma']


abstract: This paper reports the cases of two Thai @entity1 diagnosed with primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). The first was a thirteen and a half year old male who presented with @entity699 for three years and severe @entity170 . He had hypercortisolemia, a non-suppressible @entity619 suppression test, and low serum @entity4545 . A CT scan showed slight enlargement of both adrenal glands. A bilateral adrenalectomy was performed. The second case was a thirteen-year old female who presented with mild @entity699 for one year with paradoxical response to high-dose @entity619 suppression test. An MRI revealed suspected microadenoma of the left adrenal gland. Blood sampling showed a higher @entity701 level from the left adrenal vein than from the right. A left adrenalectomy was performed, followed by a right adrenalectomy four months later. The pathologies were compatible with PPNAD. Immunostaining for @entity5473 was done in both @entity1 . The cells in the adrenocortical micronodules of both cases were stained intensely with antiserum for @entity5473 , whereas the surrounding adrenal cortex did not.

title: Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease with XXXX immunoreactivity in two thai @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['Cushing syndrome']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity5473 :: (6855,Gene) :: ['synaptophysin']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 (36-71 years old) with histologically proven @entity5734 were treated with a low dose of @entity4020 . The treatment consisted of 1 million I.U. given daily subcutaneously. After 1 month the dose was reduced in all @entity1 1 million I.U. thrice weekly. Four of the 15 @entity1 have been splenectomized, with two @entity1 receiving chemotherapy prior to the IFN treatment. All @entity1 exhibited at least one @entity1503 . The IFN treatment was well tolerated. Only two of the 15 @entity1 experienced mild @entity221 after the first injection, one @entity1 had apathia and mild @entity2147 after 2 months of therapy. At present 15 @entity1 can be evaluated: 6-18 months after start of therapy two @entity1 showed a complete response with normalization of both peripheral blood and bone marrow, 10 @entity1 experienced a partial response, while one @entity1 showed a slight response with improvement of the thrombocyte count only. Two @entity1 showed no improvement after 3 months of therapy; these @entity1 are presently being treated with 5 million I.U. @entity4020 thrice weekly. In spite of the low number of @entity1 these data strongly indicate that @entity4020 is effective in @entity5734 at this low dose.

title: [Low-dose alpha-interferon treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

answer: @entity5734 :: (MESH:D007943,Disease) :: ['hairy cell leukemia']


abstract: The relationship between @entity5163 , nutritional status, and health care was studied prospectively in Guatemalan Indian @entity1 0-24 months of age. Subjects were drawn from the Patulul Project, a nutrition intervention study conducted by the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama. The total population includes 7000 Indians who live on 12 coffee plantations in Guatemala. Data were collected from October 1977 to September 1978 and analyzed by quarter: October-December (dry season), April-June (rainy season), and January-March and July-September (transitional). Most @entity294 was found to occur during the rainy season, yet visits to a simplified health care clinic set up as part of the Patulul Project steadily declined from October to September. The conditional probability of visiting the clinic was calculated at less than 50% for @entity1 with either simple @entity294 or @entity294 with blood and mucus. Although there were no sex differences in the rate of @entity294 , @entity1 with @entity344 were more likely to be taken to the clinic than @entity1 . When @entity1 were grouped by nutritional status (weight-for-age, length-for-age, weight-for-length), the cumulative incidence of and percent time ill with @entity294 with blood and mucus were consistently higher in malnourished @entity1 . The magnitude of the differences between nutritional groups was highest during the rainy season. The effects of @entity294 episodes and visits to the clinic on weight-for-age changes were also examined. @entity1 with initially low weight-for-age (or=75%) and with @entity294 during the trimester gained significantly less weight-for-age during that period than @entity1 without @entity294 . In addition, @entity1 with @entity294 who visited the health clinic gained more weight-for-age than those with @entity294 who did not receive care. @entity294 and health service utilization had less of an effect on well-nourished @entity1 . These results support the hypothesis that the negative nutritional consequences of @entity294 are more significant among malnourished @entity1 and demonstrate the positive effect of a simplified health care program on the nutritional status of @entity1 suffering from @entity344 .

title: XXXX , nutritional status and health care: analysis of their interrelationships.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity5163 :: (MESH:D004403,Disease) :: ['Diarrheal diseases']


abstract: In situ hybridization with 35S-labelled RNA probes was used to study the distribution of transcripts of genes coding for the @entity1968 receptors, @entity19912 , and the cellular binding proteins for @entity1968 ( @entity19913 ) and @entity904 ( @entity60419 ), in @entity19 embryos during the period of early morphogenesis. Primary mesenchyme formation was associated with @entity60419 labelling of both epiblast and mesenchyme of the primitive streak, while the CRABP probe labelled the migrating primary mesenchyme cells. Neural crest cell emigration and migration were associated with CRABP labelling of both neural epithelium (excluding the floor plate) and neural crest cells, while @entity60419 expression was restricted to basal and apical regions of the epithelium (excluding the floor plate). The strongest neuroepithelial signal for CRABP was in the preoptic hindbrain. @entity19916 was present in presomitic stage embryos, being expressed at highest levels in the lateral regions. @entity14933 was associated with crest cell emigration and migration, while @entity19915 was present in the primitive streak region throughout the period of neurulation. There was a change from @entity19916 to @entity19915 expression at the junction between closed and open neural epithelium at the caudal neuropore. @entity14933 and @entity19916 were expressed at specific levels of the hindbrain and in the spinal cord. These distribution patterns are discussed in relation to segmental expression patterns of other genes, and to maturational changes in the caudal neuropore region. The CRABP transcript distribution patterns correlated well with known target tissues of excess @entity554 -induced teratogenesis (migrating primary mesenchyme and neural crest cells, preoptic hindbrain), providing further support for our hypothesis that cells expressing CRABP are those that cannot tolerate high levels of @entity309 for their normal developmental function.

title: @entity1968 receptors and cellular retinoid binding proteins. II. Their differential pattern of transcription during early morphogenesis in XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous cohort study of glass fiber manufacturing, we found a significant @entity2 . This study extends the follow-up period. METHODS: We conducted a historical prospective study of 2557 @entity1 employed in producing glass wool. We obtained work histories, causes and dates of @entity204 , and date and site of @entity5 diagnoses. We computed standardized mortality and incidence ratios ( @entity5047 , SIR). RESULTS: The overall @entity5047 for @entity2 was 163 (95% CI = 118-221). The @entity5047 did not vary consistently by duration of employment and time since first employment. However, plant workers with >20 years' employment and >40 years since first exposure had an @entity5047 for @entity2 of 282 (95% CI = 113-582). The @entity5047 dropped with later date of first exposure, but the trend was non-significant. There was an unexpected overall increase in @entity703 incidence. DISCUSSION: The @entity2 is greater than in other cohorts of glass fiber workers. Since exposure data are lacking from the early years of the plant, we cannot state if the excess was due to glass fibers, other work exposures or other reasons.

title: Mortality and XXXX incidence in Ontario glass fiber workers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increase in lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the results of intraoperative sentinel node detection in @entity694 @entity1 and to compare the number of nodes retrieved per specimen in comparison with standard resection. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing elective @entity694 resection were included in the study. The specimen and the sentinel lymph node were sent for histopathological examination. A group of @entity1 from 2011 who underwent elective resection served as the study control. RESULTS: The control group comprised 56 @entity1 . The average node count was 12.73 (4-27). The study group included 102 @entity1 ; 29 @entity1 had to be excluded because of protocol deviation. Out of the remaining 73 (46 male and 27 female) @entity1 , 24 were N-positive and 2 of them were pN1c. In the remaining 22 @entity1 , the sentinel node was positive in 8 cases, corresponding to a sensitivity of 36.36%. The average lymph node count was 15.97(3-30) after patent blue dye injection. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative @entity1600 is an easy and feasible method. Despite the low sensitivity, the main positive effect of the method is the increased lymph node count per resection specimen.Key words: sentinel node @entity694 intraoperative detection.

title: [Intraoperative XXXX in @entity694 resection - preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node detection']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['sentinel lymph node detection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The direct @entity556 inhibitor @entity24772 , which is rapidly bioconverted to its active form @entity18422 after oral administration, is being developed for the prevention and treatment of @entity1031 . This study assessed the effects of food and repeated dosing on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of @entity18422 after oral administration of @entity24772 to young healthy Japanese males. METHODS: In part one of the two-part study, volunteers (n = 24) were randomised to receive in a crossover fashion a single oral dose of @entity24772 48mg with or without breakfast on 2 days separated by a 2- to 7-day washout period. In the second part of the study, all volunteers received oral doses of @entity24772 48mg every 12 hours for 5 days followed by a single dose on the morning of day 6. RESULTS: The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), peak plasma concentration (C(max)) and urinary excretion of @entity18422 did not differ as a function of whether @entity24772 was taken with or without food. The relationship between the @entity18422 plasma concentration and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT, which reflects the @entity556 inhibitory effect of @entity18422 ) was also independent of concomitant food intake. During repeated dosing, steady-state plasma concentrations of @entity18422 were achieved after the second dose of @entity24772 on day 1 and remained stable through the rest of the dosing period. The @entity18422 AUC and C(max) increased slightly (by 18% and 22%, respectively) on day 6 compared with day 1. The interindividual variability in the @entity18422 AUC and C(max) remained low, as reflected by coefficients of variation of <20% on both day 1 and day 6. The amount of @entity18422 excreted in urine remained stable over the 6 days of repeated dosing. CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of @entity18422 after oral administration of @entity24772 were not affected by food or repeated dosing in healthy Japanese volunteers.

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the oral direct XXXX inhibitor @entity24772 in young healthy Japanese men.

entities_list: @entity18422 :: ('MESH:C109573', 'Chemical') :: ['melagatran']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity24772 :: ('MESH:C426686', 'Chemical') :: ['ximelagatran']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: @entity6898 and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) are mitogenic polypeptides that may contribute to @entity5 cell proliferation. In the present study we examined @entity6898 and @entity540 expression in @entity1 @entity788 . Northern blot analysis of total RNA isolated from 12 @entity788 revealed elevated @entity6898 and @entity540 mRNA levels in 12 and 10 samples, respectively, by comparison with the normal @entity1 pancreas. Immunostaining demonstrated the presence of @entity6898 and @entity540 in many @entity5 cells and in the atrophic acini and ducts adjacent to the @entity5 cells, but to a much lesser extent in the surrounding fibroblasts. By in situ hybridization, both mRNA moieties colocalized with their respective proteins and were abundant in many @entity5 cells. Immunoblotting confirmed that @entity5 tissues with increased @entity6898 and @entity540 immunoreactivity contained elevated levels of both proteins. To determine the significance of @entity6898 and @entity540 expression in the @entity788 cells, immunohistochemical analysis of 78 @entity1 @entity3123 was performed. @entity6898 and @entity540 immunoreactivity was present in the @entity5 cells in 47 (60%) and 44 (56%) of the @entity5 , respectively. There was a significant correlation between the presence of either @entity6898 or @entity540 in the @entity5 cells and advanced @entity5 stage, and the presence of @entity540 and shorter @entity1 survival. These data suggest that @entity6898 and @entity540 are overexpressed in a significant proportion of @entity1 @entity3123 cells and that this overexpression may contribute to disease progression.

title: Overexpression of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors in @entity1 @entity788 correlates with advanced XXXX stage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinomas', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6898 :: ('2246', 'Gene') :: ['aFGF', 'Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF)']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity398 and @entity1951 release from neurohypophysial terminals is closely related to the firing activity of magnocellular neurones in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei. It is well established that activation of GABAA receptors potently inhibits the activity of SON neurones and, thus, hormone release. However, whether postsynaptic GABAB receptors are expressed in magnocellular neurones, and the role they play in controlling their firing activity, is still controversial. In the present work, we combined immunohistochemical and electrophysiological techniques to determine whether activation of GABAB receptors in identified @entity398 and vasopressin neurones modulates their firing activity. Patch-clamp recordings from SON neurones were obtained either in the slice preparation or from acutely dissociated neurones. Activation of GABAB receptors with the selective agonist @entity1772 (10 micro m) inhibited voltage-gated @entity141 currents, reduced the duration of individual action potentials, as well as the magnitude of the hyperpolarizing after-potential. SON firing activity was reduced by @entity1772 , and effect that was accompanied by a small membrane hyperpolarization. The inhibition of firing discharge persisted in the presence of synaptic blockade media, and was also observed in acutely dissociated SON neurones. Finally, GABAB-mediated modulation of firing activity was largely blocked by the @entity141 channel blocker @entity515 (2 mm). In general, @entity1772 modulatory actions were significantly larger, or observed more predominantly, in vasopressin neurones. In summary, these results support the expression of functional postsynaptic GABAB receptors in SON neurones, activation of which efficiently modulates neuronal excitability, in a @entity141 - and cell-type dependent manner.

title: Activation of postsynaptic GABAB receptors modulate the firing activity of supraoptic XXXX and vasopressin neurones: role of calcium channels.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very early @entity1 pregnancy is a state of cardiovascular underfilling. The @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) is directly concerned with @entity1372 and water homeostasis. @entity2178 is known to be the rate-limiting component in the generation of @entity2178 , and hence @entity2178 , in pregnancy. The usual measurement of ' @entity916 activity' does not differentiate between enzyme and substrate. We hypothesized that the RAS is activated from the start of pregnancy; plasma @entity916 concentration (PRC) and @entity2178 will show differential regulation and might stimulate the rise in @entity4770 . METHODS: A prospective study of 12 nulliparous normal @entity1 . PRC and @entity2178 and excretion of @entity4770 and @entity2871 metabolites were measured pre-pregnancy and four to six times after conception to 13 weeks. RESULTS: By 6 weeks gestation, mean PRC was markedly raised and remained stable to 13 weeks. The initial @entity2178 response varied, but rose consistently after 6-8 weeks. Regression analysis showed @entity2178 in the first trimester to be strongly associated with corrected birthweight centile (P < 0.001). Excretion of @entity9610 metabolites was very variable, but rose significantly from 6 weeks; the ratio between @entity4770 and @entity2871 excretion did not alter over this time. There was no correlation between the various hormones measured. CONCLUSION: @entity2178 is known to be rate-limiting in pregnancy. Its association with birthweight may be through effects on early plasma volume expansion and may have implications for intrauterine growth restriction and @entity1468 .

title: A prospective, longitudinal study of the XXXX -angiotensin system, @entity4770 and @entity2871 in the first trimester of normal @entity1 pregnancy: association with birthweight.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin I', 'angiotensin II', 'angiotensinogen', 'Angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: @entity3326 have a lot of advantages compared with conventional substances. It is still disadvantageous that a depot-medication is missing. The role of the form of application has been studied in a @entity161 -out- @entity1 department. In 25 out- @entity1 under therapy with atypical @entity3326 the time of rehospitalisation per year was retrospectively determined and compared with that of 25 out- @entity1 receiving depot-medication. Both groups were comparable with regard to some @entity1 -characteristics and predictors of the course of the disease. It turned out that for @entity1 with depot- @entity3326 the time spent in hospital per year was half of that for @entity1 under atypical drugs. It had been in the same range in both groups 4 to 6 years ago and had decreased until the last year of the catamnesis in @entity1 with depot-medication, but not in those with atypics. Typical @entity3326 as oral medication are disadvantageous in this respect. Despite efforts to reach a good compliance in all @entity1 , preferable effects of atypical drugs with regard to negative symptoms are opposed by less favourable rehospitalisation times. This has to be taken into consideration in differential indication.

title: [The risk of rehospitalisation during therapy with atypical and typical XXXX --a contribution to differential indication].

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical neuroleptics', 'neuroleptics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity3326 :: (MESH:D009459,Disease) :: ['neuroleptics']


abstract: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is thought to result from chronic, cell-mediated, 'autoimmune' @entity16 . Antibody testing is extensively used to define and follow the pre- @entity6 population. However, the assay for cell mediated immunity (CMI) should be more predictive of impending disease. This report shows that it is possible to detect @entity1 islet reactive CMI in the @entity1723 @entity1 . Groups of athymic @entity2659 nu/nu @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with either mononuclear blood cells (MBCs) or plasma from 10 newly diagnosed Type I @entity6 @entity1 and 10 normal control subjects. Both glycemic control and histopathology were used to assay islet specific CMI in @entity6 individuals. None of the injected @entity19 showed any impairment of glycemic control. However, MBCs from six of 10 @entity6 @entity1 , but from none of the 10 normal subjects, induced significant mononuclear cell infiltrate in the pancreas of the recipient @entity19 (P = 0.005). The infiltrate was focused on the islet tissue and no damage was seen in control tissues. No histological abnormalities were observed when plasma was transferred. We conclude that cellular reactivity seen in this model is tissue specific and disease associated. Our findings provide evidence that CMI to @entity1 islet tissue can be detected in @entity1723 @entity1 .

title: Detection of cell-mediated immunity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['islet damage']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'Type I insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type I diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) is an established risk factor for the development of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Recent guidelines detail specific LDL-C cutpoints for therapeutic goals. In practice, LDL-C is usually derived from the Friedewald formula (FF). This calculation is known to be inaccurate with serum @entity412 (TG) concentrations >4.52 mmol/l, however, its accuracy among relatively healthy @entity1 cohorts with TG concentrations < or =4.52 mmol/l is less well studied. METHODS: We studied 661 ambulatory adults with TG concentrations < or =4.52 mmol/l and no overt @entity453 . Fasting @entity1211 panels were obtained. LDL-C was calculated from the FF and also directly measured with the LipiDirect Magnetic LDL assay. Linear regression and paired t-test analyses were performed. RESULTS: Calculated and directly measured LDL-C concentrations were significantly different (4.26+/-0.88 vs. 4.83+/-1.06 mmol/l respectively, p<0.0001). In 93% of measurements directly measured LDL-C exceeded calculated LDL-C. Although calculated and directly measured LDL-C concentrations were related (R=0.90), the discrepancy between them increased linearly with increasing TG concentrations (R=0.67) and clinically important differences existed at normal or slightly increased TG concentrations. Concordant results for NCEP @entity855 -III risk categories were present for only 48.1% of samples. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences between calculated and directly measured LDL-C using the LipiDirect Magnetic LDL assay exist in healthy subjects with TG < or =4.52 mmol/l. These differences are linearly related to TG concentrations and occur frequently at relatively low TG concentrations.

title: Calculated low density lipoprotein @entity165 levels frequently underestimate directly measured low density lipoprotein @entity165 determinations in patients with serum XXXX levels < or =4.52 mmol/l: an analysis comparing the LipiDirect magnetic LDL assay with the Friedewald calculation.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous lipid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: Relationships between structural and functional variables in @entity748 lungs at local and global (or lobar) levels remain to be discovered. This study aims to investigate local alterations of structural variables [bifurcation angle, circularity, airway @entity121 ( @entity121 ), and hydraulic diameter (Dh)] in @entity748 subjects, and their correlations with other imaging and pulmonary function test-based global and lobar metrics, including lung shape, air-trapping, regional volume change, and more. Sixty-one healthy subjects, and 67 nonsevere and 67 severe @entity748 subjects were studied. The structural variables were derived from computed tomography images at @entity358 ( @entity358 ). Air-trapping was measured at functional residual capacity, and regional volume change (derived from image registration) was measured between functional residual capacity and @entity358 . The tracheal diameter and @entity121 predicted by 61 healthy subjects were used to normalize the Dh and @entity121 . New normalization schemes allowed for the dissociation of luminal narrowing and wall thickening effects. In severe @entity748 subjects, the alteration of bifurcation angle was found to be correlated with a global lung shape at @entity358 , and circularity was significantly decreased in the right main bronchus. While normalized @entity121 increased especially in the upper lobes of severe @entity748 subjects, normalized Dh decreased in the lower lobes. Among local structural variables, normalized Dh was the most representative variable, because it was significantly correlated with alterations of functional variables, including pulmonary function test's data. In conclusion, understanding multiscale phenomena may help to provide guidance in the search for potential imaging-based phenotypes for the development and outcomes assessment of therapeutic intervention.

title: Quantitative assessment of multiscale structural and functional alterations in XXXX populations.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['TLC', 'total lung capacity']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['wall thickness', 'WT']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: Chromosome study was made in 30 specimens of @entity2968 ( @entity421 ). In 15 @entity5 , karyotypes were satisfactorily made for chromosome analysis, including 13 GCTs, one @entity421 and one cell-line of same. The karyotypes of all cells were recognized and described according to the international system for @entity1 cytogenetic nomenclature. Karyotype analysis showed that @entity1777 differs from @entity421 both in numerical chromosomal aberrations and in structural chromosomal aberrations. The number of chromosome of @entity1777 concentrated on diploid or subdiploid, with the exception of some superdiploid, while that of @entity421 concentrated on superdiploid or subtriploid. Terminal deletion of chromosome was the most common cytogenetic event in @entity1777 . This resulted in telomere-to-telomere translocations and dicentric chromosomes. Eight of the thirteen successfully analyzed @entity1777 specimens demonstrated telometric fusion or dicentric chromosomes. Superdiploid karyotype was found in six GCTs. Contrast study with DNA flow cytometry showed that the numerical aberrations were consistent with DNA content of @entity1777 . The other structural chromosomal aberrations were ring chromosome, marker chromosome and double minute chromatin bodies etc. The correlation between the chromosome changes and prognosis in @entity1777 has not yet been determined, because of the short term of this study. The cytogenetic changes of @entity421 were much more complicated. The common chromosome structural aberrations were translocation, deletion, maker chromosome and double minute chromatin bodies etc.

title: [Chromosome study on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) and osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity2968 :: (MESH:D018212,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumor of bone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surveillance PET after curative-intent treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) or @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is not  clearly supported by available evidence or the Choosing Wisely campaign. However, the frequency of PET imaging during the surveillance period is relatively unknown. METHODS: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data, 65,748 @entity1 aged 66 years or older who were diagnosed with stage I to IIIA @entity1149 or stage I to III @entity14 from 2001 through 2009 and who underwent surgical resection were identified. Trends in "any PET" or "PET-only" use 6 to 18 months postoperatively were assessed. RESULTS: Any PET use more than doubled over the study period. Eleven percent of @entity1 with @entity1149 and 4% of those with @entity14 diagnosed in 2001 received any PET, compared with 25% of @entity1 with @entity1149 and 13% of those with @entity14 in 2009 (P < .001 for both). Higher stage disease was correlated with higher PET utilization and faster growth in use over the study period. PET-only use also increased over the study period, especially in higher stage disease. Fewer than 2% of @entity1 diagnosed with stage IIIA @entity1149 in 2001 received PET only, compared with 15% of @entity1 diagnosed in 2009 (P  = .014). Similarly, 1% of @entity1 diagnosed with stage III @entity14 in 2001 received PET only, compared with 8% of @entity1 diagnosed in 2009 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: PET utilization during the surveillance period increased between 2001 and 2009. Further research is needed to determine the factors driving use of surveillance PET and to examine relationships between PET and @entity1 outcomes.

title: Trends in the Use of (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET  Imaging in Surveillance of Non-Small-Cell Lung and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the safety and feasibility of a complete integrated approach, including induction chemotherapy with @entity3003 / @entity1311 followed by accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy, and then by consolidation chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity1149 . METHODS: Systemic doses of @entity3003 AUC 6 and @entity1311 (200 mg/m2), 3 weeks out of 4, were planned as induction and consolidation chemotherapy. Weekly @entity3003 AUC of 2 plus @entity1311 (50 mg/m2) were given during thoracic radiotherapy. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were enrolled: 10 were evaluated at the end of chemoradiation and 8 received consolidation chemotherapy. On an intent-to-treat basis, 55% of @entity1 achieved a response after induction therapy, whereas chemoradiation and consolidation therapy increased the response rate by 33% and 16%, respectively. No @entity1 experienced grade > 3 acute hematologic @entity137 during systemic-dose chemotherapy. With the exception of one episode of a severe cardiac adverse event, @entity1503 was similarly tolerable. Severe acute adverse events observed during concurrent chemoradiation were mainly represented by @entity2910 , resulting in interruption of the radiotherapy in 25% of @entity1 . More notably, only one @entity1 experienced serious non-hematologic late @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the present approach seemed feasible, our data did not support any possible advantage in favor of this three-phase integrated treatment, and therefore the design will not be investigated in a subsequent phase II study.

title: Induction therapy with XXXX and @entity3003 followed by hyperfractionated radiotherapy plus weekly concurrent chemotherapy and subsequent consolidation therapy in unresectable locally advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non-hematologic toxicity']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: @entity1 with vascular spiders and @entity2695 , especially on exposed sites, demonstrate considerable psychological morbidity and therefore request treatment. Traditionally, electrosurgical modalities have been used to treat such lesions, but more recently lasers have been introduced. This open study assesses the efficacy of these two treatment modalities, scoring @entity1 ' preference and psychological morbidity before and after treatment. All @entity1 had two vascular spiders or @entity2695 . One lesion was randomized for treatment with the hyfrecator, whilst the other lesion was treated with the @entity17835 (KTP) vascular laser. The end-point of the study was either clearance of lesions or a maximum of three treatments at 2-month intervals. In this first comparative study, we demonstrate that both therapeutic modalities were effective in treating these lesions and in significantly reducing the post-treatment psychological morbidity score. However, on average, only one treatment with the KTP laser was required to achieve clearance compared with two treatments with the hyfrecator. This would result in less clinic visits. In addition, @entity1 favoured the KTP laser because of the lack of side-effects. Both the KTP vascular laser and the hyfrecator were able to clear vascular spiders and @entity2695 , but the KTP laser was superior as fewer treatment episodes were required and @entity1 preferred this treatment modality because of the lack of side-effects.

title: Comparison of XXXX vascular laser and hyfrecator in the treatment of vascular spiders and @entity2695 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity17835 :: ('MESH:C064806', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium titanyl phosphate']

answer: @entity17835 :: (MESH:C064806,Chemical) :: ['potassium titanyl phosphate']


abstract: The goal in this study was to determine how increased impeller power affects enzyme expression in large-scale (80 m(3)), fed-batch @entity12799 fermentations. An approximate 50% increase in average impeller power was achieved by increasing impeller diameter approximately 10%, while operating at slightly reduced speed. Measured decreases in terminal (95%) mixing time show increased power improved bulk mixing. However, batches operated at increased power had lower recombinant enzyme productivity. Biomass assays and image analysis tests showed no significant difference between "high power" and control batches, suggesting that slower growth, altered morphology, or increased hyphal fragmentation were not the cause of reduced productivity. Off-line tests on the shear-thinning, highly viscous broth show @entity26 limitation occurred after transport through the air-liquid interface and imply the limitation may involve bulk mixing. Specifically, @entity26 transfer may be limited to a small zone surrounding each impeller. When this is the case, @entity26 mass transfer will be determined by both impeller shear and fluid circulation, which have been characterized with the energy dissipation/circulation function (EDCF). EDCF values during control fermentations were approximately constant at 25 kW m (-3) s(-1), while EDCF values during "high power" batches fell linearly from 40 to 15 kW m (-3) s(-1). The point at which "high power" EDCF values drop below those in control fermentations corresponds almost exactly with the point at which product titer stops increasing. Thus, our findings suggest @entity26 mass transfer was less efficient during the latter half of "high power" fermentations because of reductions in impeller speed and subsequent decreases in EDCF values. This observation has clear implications during the scale-up of viscous fungal fermentations, implying that not only is the level of impeller power important, but also relevant is how this power is applied.

title: Effects of increased impeller power in a production-scale XXXX fermentation.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12799 :: ('5062', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus oryzae']

answer: @entity12799 :: (5062,Species) :: ['Aspergillus oryzae']


abstract: Pregnant @entity1 with @entity101 are often treated with medication, in our view inappropriately. We examined 222 pregnant @entity1 who were referred because of two blood pressure determinations > 140/90 mm Hg. The @entity1 were primarily treated by nonpharmacological means. Only 44 required medications to maintain a blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg. Twenty-six additional pregnant @entity1 referred for @entity101 were taught to measure their blood pressures at home. Fourteen underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Home and 24-h blood pressure measurements were both significantly lower than those obtained in the office and did not significantly differ from each other. We conclude that most pregnant @entity1 without @entity644 , who show mild to moderate blood pressures > 140/90 mm Hg are best treated conservatively without drugs. Those in whom home or 24-h blood pressures exceed 140/90 mm Hg and who do not respond to nonpharmacologic methods require medication. Finally, "white coat" @entity101 is common in pregnant @entity1 .

title: [Clinical aspects and differential therapy of mild XXXX in pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increases in blood pressure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The extrinsic coagulation pathway is activated when circulating factor VII (FVII) gains access to tissue factor (TF) exposed as a consequence of @entity1317 . Increasing evidence indicates that this TF-dependent activation of the coagulation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of intravascular @entity715 formation. In the present study, we tested the effects of recombinant @entity1 , active site-blocked activated FVII (FVIIai) in a @entity95 model of carotid artery @entity715 . @entity450 ( @entity450 ), due to recurrent @entity715 formation, were obtained in stenotic @entity95 carotid arteries with endothelial injury. Carotid blood flow velocity was measured by a Doppler flow probe. After 30 minutes of @entity450 , the animals received FVIIai (100 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) intracarotid infusion for 10 minutes, n=9). If @entity450 were abolished, animals were followed for 30 additional minutes, after which recombinant @entity1 activated FVII (FVIIa) was infused into the carotid artery (100 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 10 minutes) to determine whether FVIIai could be displaced from TF by FVIIa, thus restoring @entity450 . To establish the duration of action of FVIIai, an additional group of animals received FVIIai at the same dose as above, and after @entity450 were inhibited, they were followed until @entity450 were restored or for up to 6 hours. To determine whether @entity450 could be restored by @entity1425 after their abolition with FVIIai, increasing doses of @entity1425 were administered to a third group of 6 animals. FVIIai abolished @entity450 in 8 of 9 @entity95 (P<.01). This effect was reversible, as FVIIa administration restored @entity450 in all animals. Prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times did not change significantly throughout the study. One single 10-minute infusion exerted complete antithrombotic effects for at least 6 hours, despite the fact that at this time point, plasma FVIIai levels were well below threshold concentrations. @entity1425 restored @entity450 in 3 of 6 animals in which @entity450 were inhibited by FVIIai. FVIIai exerts potent antithrombotic effects in this model; these effects were prolonged even after FVIIai was almost completely cleared from the circulation, probably as a result of the tight binding of FVIIai to TF. Thus, FVIIai might represent an antithrombotic substance of potential interest.

title: Antithrombotic effects of recombinant XXXX , active site-blocked factor VIIa in a @entity95 model of recurrent arterial @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['CFVs', 'Cyclic flow variations']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: During 2 years, 25 @entity1203 @entity1 were hospitalised in the Hansen complications room of Institut Marchoux. Between these @entity1 , 9 developed a Necrotic @entity5406 . A review of the observed clinic effects is established and 3 types of signs are isolated and discussed: @entity39 extension after big nodes on chest and arms, a punch crater complicating small nodes, and a sclerous xylodermia on arms and legs. The course of this complication is estimated about six months average, with pauses and relapses with general and subjectives symptoms. The final course shows side effects: @entity417 , @entity717 of joint movements and cutaneous straps. In the group of 9 @entity1 , 3 died. We did not find relations between the @entity39 phenomenon and therapy or occurred diseases. The best drug to stop the @entity39 processus is @entity2816 400 mg daily and decrease 100 mg when the signs fall near normality. One or two mg/kg each day coricosteroides were tested: the effect is unconstant, the duration of action is shorter. Side effects occur rapidly and @entity1 will become corticostero  d dependent. The importance of bath with disinfectants is high. We did not observed surinfection.

title: [Necrotic course of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['denutrition, functional disabilities']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['Erythema Nodosum Leprosum']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous']

answer: @entity5406 :: (MESH:D004893,Disease) :: ['erythema nodosum leprosum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity166 reflect a continuing problem in @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Based on data from a randomized clinical trial demonstrating a reduction of proven and probable @entity364 ( @entity364 ), @entity7143 has been approved for prophylaxis of @entity364 in @entity3052 @entity1 during induction chemotherapy. Nevertheless, recently published observational studies show contradictory results concerning the efficacy of @entity7143 in this clinical setting. Furthermore, oral suspension @entity7143 is associated with an unpredictable bioavailability that especially depends on nutritional factors or gastric pH value. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the impact of @entity7143 prophylaxis in 70 consecutively evaluable @entity3052 @entity1 who underwent induction chemotherapy at a tertiary care hospital. The incidence of @entity364 classified as proven, probable or possible, antifungal therapy including empiric treatment in high-risk @entity1 and tolerability of @entity7143 were determined. In addition, important clinical cofactors such as co-treatment with proton pump inhibitors and risk factors for @entity55 were analyzed in this study. RESULTS: We can demonstrate that @entity7143 is well tolerated and had to be stopped in only six @entity1 (8.6  %). The overall incidence of @entity364 was 30  % including two @entity1 with proven (2.8  %), four @entity1 with probable (5.7  %) and 15 @entity1 with possible @entity364 (21.4  %). Importantly, 24 out of 49 @entity1 (49.0  %) who did not fulfill the criteria of @entity364 received empiric antifungal therapy. Including @entity1 classified as possible @entity364 , 39 of 70 @entity1 (55.7  %) underwent at least first-line antifungal treatment. CONCLUSION: Our "real-life" data obtained from 70 @entity3052 @entity1 after induction chemotherapy demonstrate the frequent necessity of systemic antifungal treatment despite prophylaxis with oral suspension @entity7143 .

title: Efficacy of antifungal prophylaxis with oral suspension @entity7143 during induction chemotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'IFD', 'invasive fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e18531 Background: @entity1 (pts) may have anaphylactic or grade 3 or higher hypersensitivity reactions to rituximab (R) at the time of infusion that are severe enough to warrant discontinuation of therapy. These pts are generally not re-challenged with R and are often not deemed appropriate for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) out of concern for cross-reactivity. R is a Type I anti- @entity25234 chimeric antibody and I-131 tositumomab ( @entity60021 ) is composed of a purely @entity19 Type II anti- @entity25234 antibody. Because of the differences in antibodies, we sought to determine the tolerance for @entity60021 in pts previously intolerant of R. METHODS: Records for 129 consecutive pts receiving I-131 T after previous exposure to R from 9/2003-4/2009 were reviewed. Pts with infusion reactions to R were identified and their tolerance of @entity60021 infusion was recorded. RESULTS: 7 pts (5.4% of 129) were identified who had severe enough reactions to R precluding further infusion or re-challenge (grade 3 or higher). Severe @entity1353 , stridor or sensation of throat swelling were noted in 4. Two had severe @entity1910 , one of whom had an associated "anaphylactoid" reaction. The remaining pt had severe @entity158 and @entity551 with infusion. At time of RIT, the median age of these pts was 56 (42-70), 6 were female, all had stage III or IV disease, 6 had @entity706 , one had bulky disease, and all had normal LDH. The median number of prior treatments was 2 (1-4) and the median time since last R dose was 15 months (3-31). None of these 7 pts had infusion reactions of any grade with @entity60021 , even without any extra premedication. One pt went on to be re-challenged with R post RIT and had recurrent severe @entity1353 /rigors and @entity221 . CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that RIT with @entity60021 can be given safely in pts with past severe reactions to R, keeping this important salvage option open for such pts. This is potentially related to the structural differences in the antibodies, and for that reason, these data cannot be extrapolated to Y-90 ibritumomab which incorporates R in the regimen.

title: Safety of I-131 tositumomabin in XXXX @entity1 who are intolerant of rituximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: The objective of the study is to describe the nature and type of snowblower-related @entity5883 , including long term follow up. A retrospective study was performed of a cluster of @entity1 injured by snowblower use, presenting to an urban Emergency Department (ED) following a major snowstorm. For each @entity1 , demographic data and subsequent records from outpatient management were reviewed. Interviews were conducted 3 years later to assess long-term outcomes. Eleven @entity1 , all male, presented to the ED with snowblower @entity130 , all to the hand. Injuries included soft tissue lacerations and partial to complete amputations. Ten @entity1 were treated and released and one was admitted. In a 3 year follow-up, few @entity1 reported major sequela. Almost half reported persistent @entity158 , or minor disability. In conclusion, in our series, snowblower @entity130 resulted exclusively in @entity130 to the hand. Most @entity130 can be managed on an outpatient basis. Many @entity1 experience persistent symptoms. All @entity1 had entirely preventable @entity130 .

title: Descriptive epidemiology of a cluster of XXXX from snowblowers.

entities_list: @entity5883 :: ('MESH:D006230', 'Disease') :: ['hand injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity5883 :: (MESH:D006230,Disease) :: ['hand injuries']


abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the induction of innate immune responses which have been implicated in @entity528 induced by global @entity2806 /reperfusion (GCI/R). The present study investigated the role and mechanisms-of-action of @entity1990 signaling in @entity63 -induced hippocampal @entity528 . @entity528 , activation of the @entity1990 signaling pathway, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the PI3K/ @entity1994 signaling pathway in the hippocampal formation (HF) were assessed in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 and @entity1990 knockout ( @entity1990 (-/-)) @entity19 after GCI/R. GCI/R increased expression of @entity1990 protein in the hippocampal formation (HF) and other brain structures in @entity164 @entity19 . Phosphorylation of the inhibitor of kappa B (p-IkappaB) as well as activation of @entity1991 ( @entity1991 ) increased in the HF of @entity164 @entity19 . In contrast, there were lower levels of p-IkappaB and @entity1991 binding activity in @entity1990 (-/-) @entity19 subjected to GCI/R. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was also decreased, while phosphorylation of @entity1994 and @entity6913 were increased in the HF of @entity1990 (-/-) @entity19 after GCI/R. These changes correlated with decreased @entity528 /apoptosis in @entity1990 (-/-) @entity19 following GCI/R. These data suggest that activation of @entity1990 signaling contributes to @entity63 -induced hippocampal @entity528 . In addition, these data suggest that modulation of @entity1990 signaling may attenuate @entity63 in hippocampal neurons.

title: Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling contributes to hippocampal @entity528 following global XXXX /reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity1991 :: ('18033(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor kappa B', 'NFkappaB']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'Neuronal damage']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study was done to evaluate reliability of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass. BACKGROUND: Echocardiographic estimation of LV mass is affected by several sources of variability. METHODS: We assessed intrapatient reliability of LV mass measurements in 183 @entity101 @entity1 (68% @entity1 , 65 +/- 9 years) enrolled in the Prospective Randomized Enalapril Study Evaluating Regression of @entity67 (PRESERVE) trial after a screening echocardiogram (ECHO) showed @entity4346 . A second ECHO was repeated at randomization (45 +/- 25 days later). Two-dimensional (2D)-guided M-mode or 2D linear measurements of LV cavity and wall dimensions were verified by one experienced reader. RESULTS: Mean LV mass was similar at first and second ECHO (243 +/- 53 vs. 241 +/- 54 g) and showed high reliability as estimated by intraclass correlation coefficient (RHO) = 0.93. Within- @entity1 5th, 10th, 90th and 95th percentiles of between-study difference in LV mass were -32 g, -28 g, +25 g and +35 g. Mean LV mass fell less from the first to the second ECHO than expected from a formula to predict regression to the mean (2 +/- 19 vs. 17 +/- 12 g, p < 0.001). Reliability was also high for LV internal diameter (RHO = 0.87), septal (RHO = 0.85) and posterior wall thickness (RHO = 0.83). Substantial or moderate reliability was observed for measures of LV systolic function and diastolic filling (RHO from 0.71 to 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: Left ventricular mass had high reliability and little regression to the mean; between-study LV mass change of +/-35 g or +/-17 g had > or = 95% or > or = 80% likelihood of being true change.

title: Reliability of echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular structure and function: the PRESERVE study. Prospective Randomized Study Evaluating Regression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular Enlargement']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Enlargement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological effects of free radical @entity131 in both testes of the @entity95 experimental model of @entity4115 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The left testes of 8 peripubertal NZW @entity95 (3-6 months) were subjected to 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min of @entity63 by applying a clamp to the spermatic cord, followed by reperfusion. Another set of 8 @entity95 was subjected to 60 min of @entity63 and administered antioxidants ( @entity117 , @entity620 , @entity208 , @entity3092 , @entity224 dismutase) before reperfusion. Both testes of 4 animals per group were harvested at 24 h and the remaining 4 at 3 months. Johnsen scores for spermatogenic activity and other changes were assessed histologically and these were compared with testicular @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), a measure of free radical damage, assayed on testicular homogenates using the thiobarbiturate method. RESULTS: In the 24-hour reperfusion group, apoptotic bodies and giant cells were more prominent in the seminiferous tubules of the left testes compared to the right, and were maximal after 90 min. In the 3-month reperfusion group, giant cells were absent, and apoptotic bodies were reduced in both testes. Testicular @entity1865 showed an increase only in the left testes in the 24-hour reperfusion group, while the 3-month group showed increased @entity1865 levels in both testes, but more on the left. The Johnsen score fell only to 8.0 in the left testes in the 24-hour reperfusion group, but dropped to 2.3 in the 3-month reperfusion group. Only in the 3-month reperfusion group, did antioxidant-treated animals show a fall in Johnsen scores in the left testes, regardless of the type of antioxidant. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm a role for reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in damage to spermatogenic cells in both the @entity717 following torsion, with longer term effects in the torted testis. Currently available antioxidants do not provide any significant long-term protection against morphological damage to the testis by ROS generated in @entity4115 .

title: Morphological responses of the XXXX testis to ischemic/reperfusion injury due to torsion.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['injury on spermatogenic cells']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['testicular torsion']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral and contralateral testes']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: A @entity49 model was produced by vessel wall damage generated by freezing a small segment of the @entity35 jugular vein. The process of @entity715 formation was investigated by electron microscopic study. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that the initiation of @entity715 formation could be deendothelialization caused by freezing of vessel. When blood flow was reestablished, platelets adhered to subendothelium within 1 min. Then platelets aggregated on the adhering platelets, and fibrin net was formed. Finally, thrombi composed predominantly of fibrin and red blood cells with platelet aggregates and leukocytes were generated. An anti-platelet agent, @entity1396 , revealed a potent antithrombotic effect in this model. Because @entity1396 decreased the number of platelet aggregates, reduced the size of aggregates, and inhibited platelet degranulation, it is conceivable that @entity1423 in early phase of @entity715 formation plays a crucial role even in @entity49 model. A synthetic @entity7102 inhibitor, @entity20806 , also showed a potent antithrombotic effect, but a thrombolytic agent, urokinase, was less effective. In conclusion, this model is both platelet- and coagulation-dependent.

title: Effect of @entity1396 and other antithrombotics on the XXXX induced by endothelial damage of jugular vein in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity20806 :: ('MESH:C031942', 'Chemical') :: ['argatroban']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve the survival of @entity1 with stage @entity43 the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial examining two novel treatment strategies: (a) modification of the chemotherapy regimen ( @entity3003 / @entity1311 ) based on evidence of response during treatment and (b) "maintenance therapy," with the monthly administration of single agent @entity1311 (maximum 2 years). METHODS: Individuals with histologically documented stage IV @entity43 initially received a maximum of 3 courses of single agent @entity3003 (AUC 6), with the decision to administer a subsequent course based on specific response criteria (i.e., declines in serum CA-125 or shrinkage of measurable mass lesions). This was followed by single agent @entity1311 (150 mg/m(2)), delivered every 2 weeks for a maximum of 6 courses, again based on evidence of continued response to the treatment program. Finally, in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 , @entity1 received single agent @entity1311 (175 mg/m2) for a maximum of 24 monthly courses. The primary study end point was 2-year overall survival, which was to be compared to the survival of a previously published historical control population [ @entity43 @entity1 treated with a "standard" @entity900 / @entity1311 regimen (GOG 111; McGuire WP, N Eng E J Med 1996; 334:1)]. This analysis was employed to determine if this novel strategy was worthy of further clinical investigation in a controlled clinical trial. RESULTS: There were 53 @entity1 entered this multicenter study, of whom 50 were evaluable for @entity137 and 51 for survival. There were 2 treatment-related @entity204 . Grades 2 and 3 neutrotoxicity were observed in 18 and 4% of @entity1 , respectively. There were no major treatment-related protocol violations. The overall 2-year survival was 48% (95% CI, 34-62%), compared to 60% for the historical control group. CONCLUSIONS: While this trial demonstrated the feasibility of delivering a treatment regimen requiring frequent alternations in therapy based on predetermined changes in objective parameters of response, further exploration of this specific management approach does not appear warranted in @entity43 , based on the survival outcome compared to a reasonably similar historical control population. As this trial demonstrates, the prospective determination of clinical end points in a phase II study (e.g., 2-year survival) that will lead to continued evaluation of a particular investigative strategy in a large-scale randomized trial can be an effective method to reduce the bias and uncertainty often associated with this complex decision process.

title: Phase II trial of single agent @entity3003 followed by dose-intense @entity1311 , followed by maintenance XXXX therapy in stage IV @entity43 : a Southwest Oncology Group trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancers', 'IV epithelial ovarian cancer', 'stage IV ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: There are a number of factors that affect @entity384 in @entity1 with @entity340 . These include large urinary outputs, a noncompliant bladder, and distal ureteric @entity82 . Dilatation alone does not imply obstruction, and careful studies should be obtained to document obstruction prior to considering any surgery. Our prejudice leads us to avoid ureteric reconstruction in the period immediately after @entity340 . Our findings suggest that these @entity1 have @entity1494 immediately after @entity340 period, so it could be hazardous to reimplant the ureter in such a bladder and thereby expose these kidneys to unnecessary high pressures. Each @entity1 with persistent dilatation should be treated on an individual basis. Some will require no treatment, some reimplantation with or without tailoring, and some an augmentation cystoplasty. More conservative approaches include double and triple voiding regimens, intermittent catheterization, anticholinergics, alpha sympathomimetic blockers, and regimens to decrease urinary output. These same regimens also seem to have a role in improving the level of continence, as does the onset of adolescence. Fortunately, the majority of @entity1 with @entity340 can be treated with @entity340 alone. Unfortunately, a number of @entity1 who have creatinines of less than 1.0 mg per dl following treatment in the first year of life will go onto @entity177 years later. Rapid progression to @entity177 usually does not ensue until the teenage period, when @entity644 and @entity101 seem to be the hallmarks. The progressive @entity177 that develops in these @entity1 may be related to the hyperfiltration syndrome that Brenner and Levine reported in @entity1 with a decreased number of @entity4295 . A role for decreased intake of protein may have some influence in preserving the function of @entity1 with a reduced number of @entity4295 and hopefully will affect the ultimate prognosis. The author anxiously awaits the formation and results of studies that will employ such a dietary regimen for @entity1 with a history of severe valves in the hope of preserving renal function. However, such reports are not likely to be forthcoming during this decade.

title: Current issues regarding XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic bladders']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral dilatation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves', 'valve ablation']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral valves']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity3251 frequently relies on PCR tests of @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ). A duplex real-time quantitative PCR test based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer was developed to quantify the parasite load and to decrease the risk of contamination. An internal control based on the detection of 10 pg @entity19 DNA added to the @entity6703 was included to check for PCR efficiency. The relationship between the parasite load and the occurrence of @entity854 in 87 samples of @entity6703 was analyzed. Seven @entity6703 (8%) had a parasitic load > 10(3); 14 (16%) had > 10(2)-< or =10(3); 26 (30%) had > 10-< or = 10(2); and 40 (46%) had < or = 10 parasites/ml. Four of the six @entity6703 with cerebral ventriculomegaly had >10(3) parasites/ml. The other two had 130 and 24 parasites/ml, respectively. No parasitic loads of > 10(3) parasites/ml and no @entity854 were observed in the 11 @entity6703 with @entity3252 in the third trimester. Therefore, there is a trend to associate high parasite count with ultrasonographic abnormality, but the main concern remains early @entity281 . The importance of quantification should be better evaluated with postnatal studies. The duplex LightCycler PCR test currently provides rapid and safe results.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of XXXX by duplex real-time PCR using fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['maternal infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ultrasonographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['maternal toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']

answer: @entity3251 :: (MESH:D014125,Disease) :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']


abstract: Local therapies have been highly effective in the treatment of @entity320 . The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a novel intralesional chemotherapy - @entity900 / @entity1425 injectable gel - for the treatment of refractory or recurrent cutaneous and soft tissue @entity320 @entity3 . The gel is injected directly into the lesion and delivers high concentrations of @entity900 at the injection site, where it is retained for extended periods, with little systemic exposure. A total of 28 @entity1 with refractory or recurrent @entity320 were enrolled in this open-label, multicentre study. Of these, 25 @entity1 with 244 lesions were evaluable for efficacy. Lesions were injected with 0.5 ml (2 mg @entity900 + 0.05 mg @entity1425 ) of gel/cm(3) of @entity5 . @entity1 received up to six weekly treatments within an 8 week period. The objective response rate (complete responses [CRs] plus partial responses [PRs]) for all the @entity5 treated (1-72 per @entity1 ) was 53% (130 out of 244; 114 CRs, 16 PRs). The response rate for the @entity5 (i.e. each @entity1 's single, most symptomatic, largest or most threatening @entity5 ) was 44%. The median response duration for all @entity5 was 347 days (range 30-783 days) and median number of treatments per @entity5 was five (range one to twelve). Systemic @entity137 was negligible; local adverse reactions such as erythema, @entity39 or @entity158 occurred frequently, but were easily managed in most cases. In conclusion, @entity900 / @entity1425 injectable gel was well tolerated, easy to administer, and effective in treating @entity320 confined to the skin or soft tissues.

title: Intratumoral @entity900 / @entity1425 injectable gel for the treatment of XXXX with cutaneous and soft tissue @entity3 of malignant @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'target tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Overlapping sphincter repair is the operation of choice for @entity322 due to @entity130 , @entity130 , or previous anorectal surgery. We present our experience from 1981 to 1990 using the overlapping sphincter repair for @entity322 resulting from childbirth in 21 @entity1 (58%), previous anorectal surgery in 7 (19%), @entity130 in 1 (3%), gynecologic surgery in 1 (3%), multifactorial causes in 1 (3%); the @entity322 was idiopathic in 5 (14%). All 36 @entity1 were operated on by one surgeon and had identical care. There were no deaths. Two @entity1 required colostomy for wound @entity295 . Two additional @entity1 (with @entity322 ) elected to have a colostomy after failure of sphincter repair. Long-term follow-up was possible in 33 @entity1 (92%). Twenty-four @entity1 (73%) were considered to have good to excellent results. Eliminating those @entity1 with @entity322 improved the results significantly. Twenty-two @entity1 (85%) reported good to excellent results. Twenty-four @entity1 (92%) consider their continence better now than before surgery and 25 @entity1 (96%) would undergo the procedure again. In conclusion, overlapping sphincteroplasty has a definite role in treatment of @entity322 due to @entity130 , anorectal surgery, and @entity130 , but a more limited role in treatment of @entity322 .

title: Overlapping sphincteroplasty for acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['anal incontinence', 'incontinence', 'idiopathic incontinence', 'idiopathic anal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric injury', 'obstetric injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['anal incontinence']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN:: This is a retrospective study. OBJECTIVE:: The treatment of severe @entity85 is still a difficult surgical challenge. It is generally significant to identify the related complications performed to a consecutive series of @entity1 with severe @entity85 and managed by one-stage posterior spinal osteotomy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:: We investigated data from 147 consecutive @entity1 (75 males and 72 females) with severe @entity85 and managed by Smith-Petersen osteotomy, pedicle subtraction osteotomy or vertebral column resection between years 2006 and 2012 with more than 2 years follow-up. Mean age was 21.2 (range=14-51 y) years at operation. METHODS:: The @entity1 underwent standing anteroposterior and lateral radiography before and after scoliosis surgery. Age, sex, diagnosis, surgical approach and centrum, all the related complications, treatment and pre- and postoperative Cobb angle in the coronal and sagittal planes were recorded at final follow-up. RESULTS:: There were 17 (11.6%) cases with complications in 147 @entity1 , including spinal cord-related complications in 7 cases (4.8%), superior @entity6029 in 5 cases (3.4%), broken rod and unstable screw hat in 3 cases (2.0%) and @entity281 in 2 cases (1.4%). Among the 17 cases, 15 cases recovered completely and two cases recovered partially. CONCLUSIONS:: The total complication rate of severe @entity85 after one-stage posterior spinal osteotomy without fusion was about 11.6%. Except for the major @entity16 , spine surgeon should also pay more attention on other related complications, especially @entity6029 . Large scale and long term follow-up was warranted to find out more subjective complication rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Level IV, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: One-stage Posterior Spinal Osteotomy in Severe XXXX : A total of 147 Cases.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['complication of neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'spinal deformities', 'spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome', 'SMA syndrome']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Spinal Deformities']