abstract: The variation in @entity8434 ( @entity8434 ) prevalence and mean intensity was studied in relation to site, season and host age and sex. A total of 12,911 slaughtered animals, 140 @entity20770 , 2668 @entity291 , 6525 @entity742 and 3578 @entity1237 were inspected for hydatid cysts in Al Baha region, Saudi Arabia, in three study areas during four seasons from June 2008 to May 2009. The prevalence of @entity281 was 32.85%, 8.28%, 12.61% and 6.56% in @entity20770 , @entity291 , @entity742 and @entity1237 respectively. The prevalence of the parasite varied significantly in relation to site, season and host age classes and sex in most host species. Spring showed the highest prevalence in @entity20770 , @entity291 and @entity742 . A significant association was found among host age classes and likelihood of @entity281 in all examined hosts and the oldest age class was significantly more likely to be infected. The main effects in parasite intensity were host sex and age in most examined host species. A positive correlation was found between intensity of @entity8434 and host age class in all animal species examined. The most commonly infected organs were liver and lungs which constituted 48.75% and 32.83% respectively, of the total infected organs. There was a significant difference among host species in fertile cysts (P<0.0001). The higher percentages of fertile cysts were in @entity742 (47.67%) and @entity1237 (23.99%) indicating that @entity742 and @entity1237 are the most important intermediate hosts for @entity12047 . Examined hydatid cysts of the liver had a higher fertility rate (38.79%) than those of the lungs (25.13%). Cysts size ranged from 1 to 8cm in diameter. The mean cyst diameter was found in the lungs higher than that in the liver in all hosts. The range in the number of cysts was 1-33 in infected animals. The mean number of cysts was higher in lungs than that in liver in all examined animals. The viability rate of protoscoleces of liver fertile cysts (62.20%) was significantly higher than that of @entity358 (52.73%). In conclusion, these findings of @entity281 , mean abundance and fertility rates of @entity8434 in slaughtered animals, prompt plans for further epidemiological studies and control programmes.

title: Study of XXXX in slaughtered animals in Al Baha region, Saudi Arabia: interaction between some biotic and abiotic factors.

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['CE', 'cystic echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung cysts']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['cystic echinococcosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors affecting rehabilitation outcomes in @entity1 with @entity9282 ( @entity9282 ). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 347 @entity1 who were clinically suspected as having @entity9282 and performed neck ultrasonography to measure @entity12014 ( @entity12014 ) muscle thickness. Fifty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Included were demographic characteristics as well as measurements of cervical range of motion (ROM), @entity12014 muscle thickness, and the abnormal/normal (A/N) ratio, defined as the ratio of @entity12014 muscle thickness on the affected to the unaffected side. RESULTS: Subjects were divided into three groups depending on degree of cervical ROM (group 1A: ROM>60, n=12; group 1B: 60>= ROM>30, n=31; group 1C: ROM <=30, n=11), the @entity12014 muscle thickness (Th) (group 2A: Th<1.2 cm, n=23; group 2B: 1.2 <=Th<1.4 cm, n=18; group 2C: Th>= 1.4 cm, n=13), and the A/N ratio (R) (group 3A: R<2.2, n=19; group 3B: 2.2 <=R<2.8, n=20; group 3C: R>= 2.8, n=15). We found that more limited cervical ROM corresponded to longer treatment duration. The average treatment duration was 4.55 months in group 1A, 5.87 months in group 1B, and 6.50 months in group 1C. @entity12014 muscle thickness and the A/N ratio were not correlated with treatment duration. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity9282 who were diagnosed earlier and had an earlier intervention had a shorter duration of rehabilitation. Initial cervical ROM is an important prognostic factor for predicting the rehabilitation outcome of @entity1 with @entity9282 .

title: The cervical range of motion as a factor affecting outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity12014 :: ('MESH:C535977', 'Disease') :: ['sternocleidomastoid', 'SCM']

entities_list: @entity9282 :: ('MESH:C535425', 'Disease') :: ['congenital muscular torticollis', 'CMT']

answer: @entity9282 :: (MESH:C535425,Disease) :: ['congenital muscular torticollis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have determined postprandial blood @entity413 is an independent risk factor for @entity532 . This risk exists, despite having HbA1C results within acceptable ranges for @entity6 . @entity25040 (1,5AG) has been proposed as an appropriate indicator to detect and screen for postprandial @entity4854 (PPHG). This review discusses the efficacy of 1,5AG to predict PPHG in order to reveal those who may be at risk for @entity532 . DATA SOURCES: An electronic search was conducted from 2003 to 2008 in the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and Pre-CINAHL. Any articles relating to 1,5AG as a marker for PPHG were used. The search was limited to any @entity1 research articles published in English. All articles were reviewed for additional relevant studies. CONCLUSIONS: 1,5AG was found to be a reliable indicator of PPHG, even when HbA1C levels were within target ranges. 1,5AG may be a simple and effective tool for primary care providers to identify those at risk for @entity532 , who would otherwise go unnoticed if assessed by HbA1C alone.

title: Assessing postprandial @entity413 using XXXX : An integrative literature review.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity25040 :: ('MESH:C006584', 'Chemical') :: ['1,5-Anhydroglucitol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity25040 :: (MESH:C006584,Chemical) :: ['1,5-anhydroglucitol']


abstract: Recognizing the enormous impact that quality breast screening mammography can have on reducing @entity0 deaths, we need to determine when @entity1 's and physician's perceived restrictions for mammography examination impede the progress of its use for early @entity5 detection. A uniform system should emphasize valid communication and education between @entity1 and their physicians. @entity1 seek to have a voice in their medical treatment. Yet that responsibility has an emotional price. Physicians and @entity1 must decide together on the most appropriate strategies to enhance communication and adopt specific guidelines they will adhere to, to detect and cure early @entity0 . @entity1 must be educated about breast screening mammography, and physicians must increase their efforts to proclaim its importance. @entity1 need be assured the trend is toward using the most modern mammographic techniques. Quality medical care is medicine's purpose and in @entity1 's best interest. At present, no other diagnostic method is equivalent to mammography and capable of providing an equivalent impact on improving the detection and cure rate of @entity0 . Despite medical activities designed to reduce uncertainty in medicine, scientific evidence has not provided systematic answers as to the "best" way to approach issues of quality, cost, accessibility, or communication for breast screening mammography. No particular expert opinion or preference prevails for breast screening protocols. What is needed is adoption of a multidisciplinary approach, educating and motivating @entity1 and physicians to participate in breast screening activities. With trends directed toward high-volume breast screening operations, low-cost, quality mammography must be available and be impeccably performed. Some activities are natural subjects for financial quantification. It is objectionable to assume, however, that we can accurately place and agree on dollar amounts alone to represent the costs and benefits of screening mammography. The gaps between practices and attitudes about the benefits, risks, and costs of screening mammography suggest that @entity1 are not satisfied with the way physicians, @entity1 , influential groups, or regulatory agencies are balancing all of the elements. Better communication must exist between physicians and their peer groups involved in performing responsible mammography. Better communication must be achieved between physicians and @entity1 to take advantage of the usefulness of quality breast screening mammography. High-quality screening programs must be linked to third-party reimbursement and to legislation, if we are to make a difference. Screening mammography deserves our medical, economic, social, and political attention and action.

title: Use of mammography in screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to provide further evidence for the efficacy/safety of radioembolization using yttrium-90-resin microspheres for unresectable chemorefractory liver metastases from @entity14 (mCRC). METHODS: We followed 104 consecutively treated @entity1 until @entity204 . Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the day of the first radioembolization procedure. Response was defined by changes in @entity5 volume as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) v1.0 and/or a >= 30  % reduction in serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) at 3  months. RESULTS: Survival varied between 23  months in @entity1 who had a complete response to prior chemotherapy and 13  months in @entity1 with a partial response or stable disease. Median OS also significantly improved (from 5.8  months to 17.1  months) if response durability to radioembolization extended beyond 6  months. @entity1 with a positive trend in @entity787 serum levels (>= 30  % reduction) at 3  months post-radioembolization also had a survival advantage compared with those who did not: 15.0 vs 6.7  months. Radioembolization was well tolerated. Grade 3 increases in @entity648 were reported in 5.0  % of @entity1 at 3  months postprocedure. CONCLUSIONS: After multiple chemotherapies, many @entity1 still have a good performance status and are eligible for radioembolization. This single procedure can achieve meaningful survivals and is generally well tolerated. KEY POINTS:     After multiple chemotherapies, many @entity1 are still eligible for radioembolization (RE).     RE can achieve meaningful survival in @entity1 with chemorefractory liver-predominant metastatic @entity14 (mCRC).     @entity5 responsiveness to prior systemic treatments is a significant determinant of overall survival (OS) after RE.     Radioembolization in @entity1 with a good performance status is generally well tolerated.

title: Robust evidence for long-term survival with (90)Y radioembolization in chemorefractory liver-predominant metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The study was aimed at induction/synchronization of estrus in postpartum anestrous Kankrej @entity291 of @entity7040 maintained at an organized farm. The study included use of different hormone protocols, viz., Ovsynch, @entity734 ( @entity734 ), Ovsynch plus @entity734 , and Heatsynch with estimation of plasma @entity1420 on days 0, 7, 9/11 (artificial insemination--AI) and on day 20 post-AI following fixed time insemination. Thirty selected anestrous animals were divided into five equal groups (four treatment and one control), and the findings were compared with the normal cyclic control group of six @entity291 . All the protocols were initiated in @entity291 with postpartum anestrous period of more than 4 months, considering the day of first @entity1176 injection or @entity734 insertion as day 0. The animals were bred by fixed time artificial insemination. Pregnancy was confirmed per rectum on day 60 post-AI in non-return cases. The conception rates at induced/first heat in Ovsynch, @entity734 , Ovsynch + @entity734 , and Heatsynch protocols were 33.33, 66.66, 50.00 and 16.67%, respectively. The corresponding overall conception rates of three cycles post-treatment were 50.00% (3/6), 100.00% (6/6), 66.66% (4/6), and 50.00% (3/6). In normal cyclic and anestrous control groups, the pooled pregnancy rates were 83.33% (5/6) and 16.67% (1/6), respectively. The pooled mean plasma @entity1420 (nanograms per milliliter) concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) higher on day 7 in Ovsynch (5.727    1.26), @entity734 (4.37    0.66), Ovsynch plus @entity734 (3.55    0.34), and Heatsynch (5.92    1.11) protocols as compared with their corresponding values obtained on days 0, 9/11 (AI), and on day 20 post-AI. In anestrous control group, the mean @entity1420 concentration at the beginning of experiment was 0.67    0.33 ng/ml, which was at par with values of all other groups. The overall plasma @entity1420 levels on the day of initiating treatment were low in all groups, with smooth small inactive ovaries palpated per rectum twice at 10 days interval, suggesting that most of the animals used in the study were in anestrous phase. Mean (   SE) values of plasma @entity1420 (nanograms per milliliter) on day 20 post-AI were higher in conceived @entity291 than the non-conceived @entity291 of all the groups, but differed significantly (P < 0.05) only in normal cyclic group. These results suggest that use of different hormone protocols particularly Ovsynch, @entity734 , and Ovsynch + @entity734 may serve as an excellent tool for induction and synchronization of estrus and improvement of conception rate in postpartum anestrous Kankrej @entity291 .

title: Effect of estrus synchronization protocols on plasma @entity1420 profile and fertility in postpartum anestrous Kankrej XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['CIDR', 'controlled internal drug release']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: AIM: To address the role of a dedicated radiologist and high quality CT scanning in staging of @entity1 referred with suspected locally advanced @entity788 . Furthermore, the value of laparoscopy in detecting CT-occult @entity3 in these @entity1 was assessed. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, 116 @entity1 with suspected unresectable @entity788 referred from peripheral hospitals (107) or our own gastroenterology department (9) were analysed. CT scans from referral centres were reviewed and in case of locally advanced disease or uncertain @entity3 , @entity1 underwent a laparoscopy to detect CT-occult @entity3 . @entity1 without @entity3 were offered @entity1487 based chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: After reviewing 107 abdominal CT scans from referral centres, 73 (68%) scans had to be repeated due to unacceptable quality. Locally advanced disease was confirmed in 59 (55%) @entity1 and @entity3 was found in 24 @entity1 (22%). During laparoscopy, @entity3 were found in 24/68 (35%) @entity1 with locally advanced disease on CT scan and @entity3 were confirmed in 3/5 (60%) with suspected @entity3 . Overall, only 46/116 (40%) @entity1 with suspected unresectable disease appeared to have locally advanced @entity788 after adequate staging including laparoscopy in our centre. CONCLUSION: Correct staging is difficult in @entity1 with suspected locally advanced @entity788 and should preferably be performed in centres with technically advanced equipment and experienced radiologists. Laparoscopy should be offered to @entity1 before locoregional therapy.

title: Staging for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiomyocyte apoptosis has been found in @entity712 , but its clinical significance has been difficult to study. We compared the occurrence of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in explanted hearts with the progression of severe @entity712 until the need for transplantation. DESIGN: Using the TUNEL assay, apoptotic cardiomyocytes were quantified in explanted failing hearts from @entity1 with either @entity1000 (n = 21) or @entity299 (n = 14). The percentage was compared with the clinical severity and progression of endstage @entity712 . Samples obtained at autopsy and during open heart surgery served as controls. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was significantly increased in failing hearts regardless of aetiology (medians 0.075% in @entity299 and 0.119% in @entity384 ) compared with control myocardium. In @entity1 with @entity384 , apoptotic cardiomyocytes were more numerous in subjects with a rapidly deteriorating clinical course (0.192%, n = 10) than in @entity1 with intermediate (0.093%, n = 6, P = 0.03) or slow (0.026%, n = 5, P = 0.003) progression. No such association was observed in @entity1 with @entity299 , in whom we found significantly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis adjacent to scars of previous @entity1188 (0.576%) in contrast to the diffuse distribution seen in @entity384 . Expression of @entity588 , an antiapoptotic protein, was increased in all failing hearts by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a consistent feature of end-stage @entity712 in @entity1 and appears to be quantitatively related to the clinical severity of @entity384 . Increased expression of @entity588 in cardiomyocytes indicates activation of an antiapoptotic response. These observations suggest that cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a clinically relevant and potentially modifiable pathophysiological phenomenon in severe @entity712 .

title: Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and progression of XXXX to transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy', 'deterioration in dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goals were to establish performance characteristics of a rapid antigen-detection test and blood agar plate culture performed and interpreted in community pediatric offices and to assess the effect of the pretest likelihood of group A @entity7551 on test performance (spectrum bias). METHODS: Two throat swabs were collected from 1848 @entity1 3 to 18 years of age who were evaluated for @entity697 between November 15, 2004, and May 15, 2005, in 6 community pediatric offices. One swab was used to perform the rapid antigen-detection test and a blood agar plate culture in the office and the other was sent to our laboratory for blood agar plate culture. Clinical findings were used to calculate the McIsaac score for each @entity1 . The sensitivities of the office tests were calculated, with the hospital laboratory culture results as the criterion standard. RESULTS: Thirty percent of laboratory blood agar plate cultures yielded group A streptococcus (range among sites: 21%-36%). Rapid antigen-detection test sensitivity was 70% (range: 61%-80%). Office culture sensitivity was significantly greater, 81% (range: 71%-91%). Rapid antigen-detection test specificity was 98% (range: 98%-99.5%), and office culture specificity was 97% (range: 94%-99%), a difference that was not statistically significant. The sensitivity of a combined approach using the rapid antigen-detection test and back-up office culture was 85%. Among @entity1 with McIsaac scores of >2, rapid antigen-detection test sensitivity was 78%, office culture sensitivity was 87%, and combined approach sensitivity was 91%. Positive diagnostic test results were significantly associated with McIsaac scores of >2. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of the office culture was significantly greater than the sensitivity of the rapid antigen-detection test, but neither test was highly sensitive. The sensitivities of each diagnostic modality and the recommended combined approach were best among @entity1 with greater pretest likelihood of group A @entity7551 .

title: Performance of a rapid antigen-detection test and throat culture in community pediatric offices: implications for management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcus pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute pharyngitis']

answer: @entity7551 :: (MESH:D010612,Disease) :: ['pharyngitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) as well as risk of disease progression and mortality. We hypothesized that @entity1 diagnosed with lower-risk @entity263 and who elected @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) for their @entity5 management would likely initiate lifestyle changes that lead to weight loss. METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled in the Prostate Active Surveillance Study (PASS), a multicenter prospective biomarker discovery and validation study of @entity1 who have chosen @entity3457 for their @entity263 . Data from 442 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 within 1 year of study entry who completed a standard of care 12-month follow-up visit were analyzed. We examined the change in weight and body mass index (BMI) over the first year of study participation. RESULTS: After 1 year on @entity3457 , 7.5% (33/442) of @entity1 had lost 5% or more of their on-study weight. The proportion of @entity1 who lost 5% or more weight was similar across categories of baseline BMI: normal/underweight (8%), overweight (6%) and @entity28 (10%,   (2) test P=0.44). The results were similar for @entity1 enrolled in the study 1 year or 6 months after diagnosis. By contrast, after 1 year, 7.7% (34/442) of @entity1 had gained >5% of their weight. CONCLUSIONS: Only 7.5% of @entity1 with low-risk @entity263 enrolled in @entity3457 lost a modest (   5%) amount of weight after diagnosis. Given that @entity28 is related to @entity263 progression and mortality, targeted lifestyle interventions may be effective at this 'teachable moment', as @entity1 begin @entity3457 for low-risk @entity263 .

title: A diagnosis of XXXX and pursuit of @entity3457 is not followed by weight loss: potential for a teachable moment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['incident prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active surveillance', 'AS']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Underdiagnosed @entity308 and @entity148 are well-recognized issues in chronic @entity302 , but the evolution of these symptoms after diagnosis is not well understood. We aimed to identify mood trajectories after a first @entity410 , and to examine factors impacting these trajectories. METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 were evaluated at 1, 3, and 12 months with (1) the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, and (2) a semistructured interview assessing @entity1 ' initial psychological reaction to the @entity410 at 1 month (limited vs. pervasive loss of control). The SAS Institute's TRAJ data modelling procedure was employed to delineate trajectories. KEY FINDINGS: Two @entity308 and three @entity148 trajectories were identified, with significant overlap. The majority of @entity1 (    74%) followed a trajectory with low @entity308 throughout the study, and either low or moderate @entity148 . A minority followed trajectories with high @entity308 and @entity148 from diagnosis (    16%). @entity1 with high levels of distress were adversely affected by @entity410 recurrence and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), whereas those with low levels were not. Trajectories were predicted by the @entity1 's sense of loss of control early after diagnosis and were weakly related to demographic and medical variables (age, gender, education, relationship status, @entity146 history, and prior @entity302 events). SIGNIFICANCE: Methods that account for heterogeneity in @entity1 responses are critical for developing a clinically relevant understanding of adjustment after a newly diagnosed @entity410 . Most @entity1 appear to be resilient in the face of early @entity410 , whereas those at risk of longer-term @entity458 may be evident from diagnosis. Early screening for @entity308 and @entity148 is warranted.

title: Psychological trajectories in the year after a newly diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological difficulties']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity3446 (SRL) on the growth of transplanted @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in @entity19 . METHODS: HepG2 cells were Implanted into the liver of @entity19 . The implanted @entity19 were then treated with SRL and @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ). The expression of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and @entity4698 ( @entity4698 ) was detected by immunohistology, microvessel density (MVD) was counted by immunostaining with anti- @entity22416 antibody for endothelial cells. @entity5 apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS: The @entity5 weight was (352+/-38) mg, (683+/-53) mg and (675+/-45) mg in SRL, @entity1140 and control group respectively. The @entity5 weight was significantly decreased in SRL group (P < 0.01), and there was no difference between @entity1140 group and control group. The expression of @entity1611 and @entity4698 protein was remarkably down-regulated in SRL group compared to control group (P < 0.05), and it was not significantly different between @entity1140 group and control group (P > 0.05). Compared to the control group, MVD was significanly decreased in SRL group, and the apoptosis index of @entity5 cell was significantly higher in SRL group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: SRL inhibits transplanted @entity96 growth by reducing @entity5 angiogenesis, inhibiting @entity5 proliferation and inducing @entity5 apoptosis.

title: [Effects of @entity3446 on the growth of transplanted XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['HCC tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity4698 :: ('18538(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity717 ( @entity717 ) proficiency or the ability to perform basic skills (e.g., throwing, catching and jumping) has been linked to participation in lifelong physical activity. @entity717 proficiency amongst @entity1 has declined in the previous 15 years, with more @entity1 performing @entity717 at a low-mastery level. These declines may help explain the insufficient levels of participation in health promoting physical activity seen in today's youth. The after school time period (e.g., 3 to 6 p.m.), is increasingly considered an opportune time for physical activity interventions. To date, little research has examined the potential for after school programming to improve @entity717 proficiency. @entity1 (n=40, 6-10 years) of two existent physical activity based after school programs, a low-organized games and a sports-based program, were pre- and post-tested for @entity717 proficiency using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) over an 11-week period. The sports-based program @entity1 showed no improvement in @entity717 over the 11-week study (p=0.91, eta(2)=0.00) and the games-based program @entity1 significantly improved their proficiency (p=0.00, eta(2)=0.30). No significant (p=0.13, eta(2) = 0.06), differences were found in change in @entity717 scores between the low-organized games program @entity1 and the sport-based program @entity1 . These results suggest that after school programs with a low-organized games-based focus may support a moderate improvement in @entity717 proficiency in young @entity1 . Better training of after school program leaders on how to teach @entity717 may be necessary to assist @entity1 in acquiring sufficient proficiency in @entity717 .

title: Contributions of After School Programs to the Development of Fundamental Movement Skills in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Fundamental movement skill', 'FMS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: @entity1956 immunoglobulin (HBIg) and @entity16332 combination has been accepted as the best way to control @entity1956 recurrence after liver transplantation. However, the optimal dose of HBIg and the target titer of @entity1956 surface antibody (HBsAb) remain unclear. We report our satisfactory experience with high-dose HBIg in the early period followed by low-dose @entity28943 with @entity16332 . Subjects comprised five @entity1 with @entity879 ( @entity879 ) and 18 @entity1 with @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ) who underwent liver transplantation. HBIg at a dosage of 200 IU/kg per day was administered for one week postoperatively. Thereafter, HBIg was administered only for HBsAb titer <100 IU/L. After six months, HBIg was withdrawn in @entity879 and administered in @entity1575 only for HBsAb titer <10 IU/L. @entity16332 was administered to two @entity879 and all @entity1575 cases. Although two @entity1 with @entity1575 showed transient @entity1956 surface antigen (HBsAg) recurrence, all @entity1 remained HBsAg-negative at the final follow-up date. This method allows reliable and cost-effective control of @entity1956 recurrence.

title: Short-term high-dose followed by long-term low-dose @entity1956 immunoglobulin and @entity16332 therapy prevented recurrent XXXX after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine', 'Lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'fulminant hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['LC', 'liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: We performed unbiased analysis of @entity134 -related compounds to identify novel @entity195 ( @entity195 ) plasma biomarkers using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy. The analysis revealed that @entity19980 was found to be decreased in @entity195 plasma versus controls. To precisely quantify variations in @entity19980 , we established an analytical method to measure @entity19980 and @entity165 . Using this LC-based method, we discovered that @entity19980 and the @entity19980 / @entity165 ratio are significantly decreased in @entity195 . Finally, the validation of this assay using 109 clinical samples confirmed the decrease of @entity19980 in @entity195 as well as a change in the @entity19980 / @entity165 ratio in @entity195 . Interestingly, we could also observe a difference between mild @entity73 and control. In addition, the decrease of @entity19980 was somewhat more significant in females. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis between controls and @entity195 , using plasma @entity19980 shows a score of 0.80, indicating a good discrimination power for this marker in the two reference populations and confirms the potential usefulness of measuring plasma @entity19980 levels for diagnosing @entity195 . Further analysis showed a significant correlation of plasma @entity19980 with Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Although larger sample populations will be needed to confirm this diagnostic marker sensitivity, our studies demonstrate a sensitive and accurate method of detecting plasma @entity19980 concentration and suggest that plasma @entity19980 could become a powerful new specific biomarker for early and easy @entity195 diagnosis.

title: Identification of a new plasma biomarker of XXXX using metabolomics technology.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity19980 :: ('MESH:D003897', 'Chemical') :: ['desmosterol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity5 attributable to occupational exposure occur each year. These @entity5 appear most often after the worker has retired. Since 1995, a system of @entity910 ( @entity910 ) has been set up for former workers, but it remains largely underused. DESIGN: The SPIRALE program is a public health intervention aimed at identifying the former workers having been exposed to @entity1355 or wood dust during their working life and to propose them a @entity910 . Additionally, it is also an epidemiologic research on the longterm effects of occupational exposure.We report the results of first years of the program conducted in 2006-2008, in 13 districts. SETTING AND @entity1 : a self-administered questionnaire was sent to 50 000 newly retired @entity1 , to identify potential past occupational carcinogen exposure. For respondents detected as possibly exposed, exposure was assessed in Health Screening Centres and a @entity910 was recommended if necessary. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation rate, rate of confirmed exposure, increased rate of @entity910 , satisfaction about the program. RESULTS: The participation rate was 24%. From 12 002 questionnaires analysed, 72% of respondents were identified as possibly exposed: 3%to wood dust, 50%to @entity1355 and 19%to both exposures. Exposure to @entity1355 was confirmed for 73.4%, and according to the level of exposure, @entity910 was recommended for 47.1%. Wood dust exposure was confirmed for 56.7%. In these districts, @entity910 for @entity1355 increased by 45% and for wood dust by 600%. Additional surveys showed that @entity1 showed a high degree of satisfaction about the program. CONCLUSIONS: The results are positive in terms of detection, information and medical surveillance of exposed workers.

title: Post-retirement surveillance of workers exposed to XXXX or wood dust: first results of the French national SPIRALE Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['PRMS', 'post-retirement medical surveillance']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestos']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clarify whether the evaluation of cell-cycle regulatory protein @entity993 can serve as a prognostic factor in @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB cervical @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 130 surgically treated @entity1 with @entity5 with at least a 5-year follow-up. The expression of @entity993 was investigated independently by 2 experienced pathologists using immunohistochemistry. The prognostic significance of established prognostic factors and @entity993 expression were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In a univariate analysis, lymph node status, @entity5 diameter, Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) score, lymph vascular space invasion, and @entity993 expression were significant prognostic factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). We found a correlation between @entity993 expression and lymph node status, @entity5 diameter, invasion, and GOG score. The @entity993 expression was a statistically significant prognostic factor for @entity1349 in a univariate analysis (log-rank test, P = 0.03). In a multivariate analysis, only lymph node status and @entity5 diameter were statistically significant prognostic factors for @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that a low @entity993 expression is associated with lymph node @entity3 , deep stromal invasion, @entity5 diameter more than 20 mm, and high GOG score and had a prognostic influence on @entity1349 in a univariate analysis in a series of 130 @entity1 with @entity5 . Lymph node status and the diameter of the @entity5 were the only statistically significant prognostic factors in multivariate analysis.

title: @entity993 as a prognostic factor of early cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'FIGO stage IB cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity21204 is a rare and potentially fatal entity characterized by @entity999 from @entity715 of the internal jugular vein after oropharyngeal infection. The etiologic agent is not always an anaerobic bacterium. We report a @entity1 with a @entity21204 variant who presented with @entity715 of both the right internal jugular vein and the splenic vein as well as @entity1151 caused by @entity794 , which proved resistant to @entity3256 , @entity115 , and @entity2177 . The @entity1 was thought to have acquired the infection during the exploration of a river cave in @entity233 10 days before his admission to the hospital. Such caves are natural reservoirs of infectious microorganisms. METHODS: The @entity1 had a physical examination, coagulation screening tests, tests of @entity556 generation and fibrinolysis, coagulation inhibitors, activated protein C resistance, early and late serological tests (including autoantibodies), computed tomographic studies of the chest and abdomen, and bacterial examination of peripheral blood. Bacterial investigations were made on samples collected from the river cave. RESULTS: After having undergone a 6 week course of antimicrobial treatment and anticoagulant therapy, the @entity1 recovered from the infection with no residual complications, and the signs and symptoms of @entity21204 resolved. CONCLUSION: The results probably indicate an exposure of the @entity1 to soil-based @entity794 . This observation suggests the action of environmental factors that may contribute to the development of this rare syndrome.

title: XXXX variant: @entity794 associated with @entity715 of both the right internal jugular vein and the splenic vein after the exploration of a river cave.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['septic emboli']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['septic pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity21204 :: ('MESH:D057831', 'Disease') :: ['Lemierre syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity21204 :: (MESH:D057831,Disease) :: ['Lemierre syndrome']


abstract: Since adolescents are now engaging in sexual activity in their early years, @entity146 needs to be explored to prevent contact with HPVs and other @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ), including @entity5 . This qualitative study aimed to explore this question from adolescents' view points in their natural context. The @entity1 were 19 individuals aged 13-19 years living in rural families in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. The preliminary findings indicated that factors contributing to low sexual risk behavior were helping family to do housework, an emphasis on learning, listening to parents, and following their advice. Adolescent behavior leading to high sexual risk included being very close to friends, having a wide social circle, going out for enjoyment at night time, returning home late at night, drinking @entity285 , smoking, paying less attention to learning, not listening to parents, and not following their advice. Adolescent @entity146 was found to comprise: 1) sexual activities themselves; 2) non-disclosure of having sex; and 3) protective behavior. Sexual activities were ranked from low risk to high risk of @entity458 . Low risk included having a steady @entity1 /girlfriend, hugging, and kissing. High risk @entity146 featured unprotected sex, abuse or rape, and abortion. Important influences were: eagerness to learn and try to have sex, mens' sexual desire, peer group value of having sex, and material value. The adolescents demonstrated no willingness to disclose having a @entity1 / @entity1 friend, having sex and negative consequences like becoming pregnant. Sexual protective behavior was up to males, whether they were willing to use a condom, with females having little power to negotiate. The study suggests that inappropriate adolescent risk behavior and social values need to be a focus of attention for education. In particular, families need to take action by early detection of adolescent sexual risk behavior.

title: Adolescent XXXX behavior in Thailand: implications for prevention of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girl', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STD', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual health']


abstract: @entity1759 has been implicated in @entity5 progression and @entity3 , but the mechanism(s) involved is as yet poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that @entity1759 isoforms containing the alternatively spliced exon v3 carry heparan @entity597 side chains and are able to bind heparin-binding growth factors. In the present study, we have explored the possibility of a physical and functional interaction between @entity1759 and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor ( @entity18942 /SF), the ligand of the receptor @entity669 kinase @entity1916 . The @entity18942 /SF- @entity1916 pathway mediates cell growth and motility and has been implicated in @entity5 invasion and @entity3 . We demonstrate that a CD44v3 splice variant efficiently binds @entity18942 /SF via its heparan @entity597 side chain. To address the functional relevance of this interaction, Namalwa @entity2109 cells were stably co-transfected with @entity1916 and either CD44v3 or the isoform CD44s, which lacks heparan @entity597 . We show that, as compared with CD44s, CD44v3 promotes: (i) @entity18942 /SF-induced phosphorylation of @entity1916 , (ii) phosphorylation of several downstream proteins, and (iii) activation of the MAP kinases @entity1366 . By heparitinase treatment and the use of a mutant @entity18942 /SF with greatly decreased affinity for heparan @entity597 , we show that the enhancement of @entity1916 signal transduction induced by CD44v3 was critically dependent on heparan @entity597 moieties. Our results identify heparan @entity597 -modified @entity1759 ( @entity1759 ) as a functional co-receptor for @entity18942 /SF which promotes signaling through the receptor @entity669 kinase @entity1916 , presumably by concentrating and presenting @entity18942 /SF. As both @entity1759 and @entity1916 are overexpressed on several types of @entity5 , we propose that the observed functional collaboration might be instrumental in promoting @entity5 growth and @entity3 .

title: Heparan XXXX -modified @entity1759 promotes hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced signal transduction through the receptor @entity669 kinase @entity1916 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: Dissemination of @entity5 cells is strongly associated with reduction in quality of life, worsening of prognosis, and remains the primary cause of therapeutic failure and high mortality in @entity5 . A crucial factor in the progression of @entity3 is the ability to establish a functioning blood vessel network. Consequently therapeutic strategies which selectively target @entity5 vasculature may hold promise for the treatment of @entity3 . A complicating factor in the assessment of the efficacy of vascular targeting therapies is that the metastatic process can result in multiple @entity1313 at various stages of growth and vascularity in a single organ. The goal of this project was to utilize a @entity957 (SCCVII) model to characterize the development of metastatic lung lesions and their associated vasculature. @entity19 were injected with @entity5 cells via the tail vein to introduce a reproducible number of lung @entity3 . At various times after cell injection, lungs were removed and serial sections were taken throughout the lobes for morphometric analysis. @entity5 volumes were calculated for each nodule using 2 @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) stained sections that were a known distance apart. Sections adjacent to those used for size determination were reserved for immunohistochemical staining with @entity5231 to identify blood vessels associated with each nodule. The results showed that although the median @entity5 volume increased from 0.006 to 0.51 mm(3) between 7 and 18 days post SCCVII cell injection, a range of @entity5 sizes existed at all-times. Irrespective of the time of assessment, nodules with volumes  <= 0.5 mm(3) had a constant vessel density while those with volumes >0.5 mm(3) showed increasing vessel densities with increasing size. These findings indicate that the methodology outlined in this study can identify @entity3 in various stages of vascular development and could therefore be applied to evaluate and distinguish therapeutic interventions that seek to prevent the initiation of blood vessel networks and those targeting already established expanding @entity5 vasculature. Examining the efficacy of such approaches, alone or in combination, in the treatment of @entity3 in a preclinical model could lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for @entity3 .

title: Vascular development in @entity19 lung XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['rodent squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3102 has the ability to lower serum @entity251 to castrate level within 48   h. As the prostate is an @entity342 -dependent organ, we investigated the effect of the use of @entity9940 in combination with @entity3102 in cases of acute urinary retention (AUR) due to benign @entity1069 (BPO). METHODS: We recruited @entity1 with AUR secondary to BPO but those with @entity8 were excluded. Following urethral catheterization, the @entity1 were randomized into two equal groups. The first group received @entity9940 (0.4   mg   o.d.) and @entity3102 (200   mg t.d.s.) while the second one had @entity9940 and placebo. The drugs were maintained for 7 days and then the @entity1 were put on trial without catheter (TWOC). The successful cases were assessed with peak flow rate (PFR) and the post-void residual urine volume (PVRV) was also estimated. RESULTS: We included 106 @entity1 with a mean age of 64.1  5.2 years and a mean prostate size of 61.6  14.6   g in the two groups. The received medications were well tolerated by all @entity1 and none of them had discontinued the prescribed drugs. The incidence of the successful TWOC was significantly higher in the combined treatment group (77.35%) compared to the @entity9940 group (58.84%; P=0.01). Among those who had a successful TWOC, the PFR and the PVRV were also significantly better in the combined treatment group compared to the other one (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with AUR due to BPO can be treated safely with a combination of @entity3102 and @entity9940 to get a better success rate of TWOC.

title: Role of combined use of @entity3102 and XXXX in management of acute urinary retention due to benign @entity1069 (a randomized controlled trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic or renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1398 is a common complication during treatment of @entity1583 and hematopoietic cell transplantation. Empiric antibiotic therapy in this setting, while standard of care, commonly leads to microbial resistance. We have previously shown that cycling antibiotics in this @entity1 population is feasible. This report provides long-term follow-up of cycling antibiotics in this @entity1 population. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of @entity1583 @entity1 with @entity221 , we sought to evaluate the role of empiric antibiotic cycling in preventing antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic cycling was initiated in March 2002 and, until June 2005, antibiotics were cycled every 8  months (Cycling Period A). From July 2005 to December 2009, antibiotics were cycled every 3  months (Cycling Period B). The rates of @entity2259 , resistance, and complications were compared to a retrospective cohort (Pre-cycling Period). RESULTS: The rate of gram-negative @entity2259 decreased when compared to Cycling Periods A and B (5.3 vs. 2.1 and 3.3 episodes/1000 @entity1 -days, respectively, P  <  0.0001), most likely owing to implementation of @entity1536 prophylaxis. The resistance profile of the gram-negative organisms isolated remained stable over the 3 time periods, with the exception of an increase in @entity1536 resistance during the cycling periods. @entity2259 rates remained stable, but @entity2176 -resistant Enterococcus (VRE) increased significantly (0.1 vs. 1.0 and 1.6 episodes/1000 @entity1 -days, respectively, P  =  0.005) during cycling periods. Mortality rates were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic cycling for @entity221 was effectively implemented and followed over an extended time period. Gram-negative resistance remained stable, but there is some concern for selection of resistant gram-positive bacteria, specifically VRE. Although antibiotic cycling did not seem to cause resistance in our study, further study is necessary to clarify the effect of cycling on antibiotic resistance, @entity1 outcomes, and hospital cost.

title: Extended follow-up of an antibiotic cycling program for the management of @entity1398 in a XXXX and hematopoietic cell transplantation unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies', 'hematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Gram-positive bacteremia']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematologic malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Foot infections are a common reason for hospitalization and a cause of complications in @entity1 with @entity6 . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of microorganisms found on culture in complicated @entity6 in hospitalized @entity1 , and the sensitivity of the causative microorganisms to antimicrobial agents. METHODS: Between December 2001 and December 2005 in our department, 84 samples in 62 @entity6 @entity1 with moderate/severe @entity281 were collected for microbiological study. RESULTS: At least one microorganism was isolated in 88% of samples. The most frequently isolated germ group was gram-positive bacteria (55% of the samples), with @entity794 (33%) in the first position, followed by @entity796 (12%), Enterococcus spp. (9%), and @entity526 (8%). Culture for anaerobic microorganisms was only performed in half the samples; 25% were positive, and Peptostreptococcus spp. predominated. Among the multiresistant microorganisms, @entity3256 -resistant staphylococci aureus ( @entity794 ) were the most common, accounting for 38% of the isolated strains of @entity794 , ie, 12% of all samples. As to the gram-negative microorganisms, nearly 30% of @entity526 strains were resistant to @entity115 / @entity798 and @entity2177 . CONCLUSION: Most of the cultures in our study were monomicrobial, with @entity794 being the most prevalent microorganism, followed by enterobacteria and @entity796 . The main resistant microorganism in @entity6 requiring hospitalization was @entity3256 -resistant golden @entity794 , which was found in 12% of the series.

title: [ XXXX . Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of the causative microorganisms].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic foot infections']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA', 'staphylococcus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic foot infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify veterinarians' approaches and concerns when managing @entity235 and feline @entity1 with acute and @entity410 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHOD: A questionnaire was distributed to veterinarians to determine how many @entity235 and @entity468 they were actively treating for @entity410 , their anticonvulsant drug (ACD) preferences for treating acute and @entity410 and whether serum anticonvulsant concentrations and/or biochemical analytes were routinely measured. Additional questions involved the respondent's year and place of graduation and identified concerns they faced when managing @entity1 with @entity302 . RESULTS: @entity109 was the most commonly used ACD for managing @entity410 in both @entity235 and @entity468 , with 82% of respondents using a combination of @entity109 and @entity27801 to manage @entity302 in @entity235 . Most respondents (96%) felt comfortable managing @entity410 in @entity235 , but only 63% were comfortable managing affected @entity468 . Routine monitoring of serum ACD concentrations and of liver biochemical analytes was performed routinely by 71% and 45% of respondents, respectively. Of the respondents, 86% graduated from Australian universities and of these 53% had graduated after 1985. CONCLUSION: Veterinarians identified when to commence medication, whether regular monitoring of serum ACD concentrations and liver enzyme activity was necessary, and if the cost was justified. Veterinarians also identified the need to balance dose rates and side-effects by using combination therapy, and the importance of providing accurate information to clients about what to expect in terms of @entity410 control for their pet.

title: Veterinarians' preferences for anticonvulsant drugs for treating @entity302 in @entity235 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'chronic seizure disorders']

entities_list: @entity27801 :: ('MESH:C039004', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium bromide']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenobarbitone', 'phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorders', 'refractory seizure disorders']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: Efficient and targeted delivery approach to transfer exogenous genes into macrophages is still a great challenge. Current gene delivery methods often result in low cellular uptake efficiency in vivo in some types of cells, especially for the Kupffer cells (KCs). In this article, we demonstrate that amphiphilic core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of well-defined hydrophobic @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) cores and branched @entity12279 ( @entity8681 ) shells (denoted as @entity8681 @ @entity4625 NPs) are efficient nanocarriers to deliver microRNA (miRNA)-loaded plasmid to the KCs. Average hydrodynamic diameter of @entity8681 @ @entity4625 NPs was 279 nm with a narrow size distribution. The NPs also possessed positive surface charges up to +30 mV in water, thus enabling effective condensation of negatively charged plasmid DNA. Gel electrophoresis assay showed that the resultant @entity8681 @ @entity4625 NPs were able to completely condense miRNA plasmid at a weight ratio of 25:1 (N/P ratio equal to 45:1). The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry results showed that the @entity8681 @ @entity4625 /miRNA NPs displayed @entity137 and cell apoptosis activity against the KCs. The maximum cell transfection efficiency reached 34.7% after 48 hours, which is much higher than that obtained by using the commercial Lipofectamine    2000 (1.7%). Bio-transmission electron microscope observation revealed that the @entity8681 @ @entity4625 NPs were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of the KCs. Furthermore, when compared to the control groups, the protein expression of target nuclear factor kB P65 was considerably inhibited (P<0.05) both in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that the @entity8681 @ @entity4625 NPs with a unique amphiphilic core-shell nanostructure are promising nanocarriers for delivering miRNA plasmid to KCs.

title: Amphiphilic core-shell nanoparticles containing dense XXXX shells for efficient delivery of microRNA to Kupffer cells.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PMMA', 'poly(methyl methacrylate)']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['low cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneimine']

answer: @entity12279 :: (MESH:D011094,Chemical) :: ['polyethyleneimine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Solid @entity5 (SPT) of the pancreas is very rare. This study was performed to analyze the expression of Wnt signal target genes ( @entity1917 [ @entity1917 ], @entity4910 , and @entity517 ) and Ki-67 in resected SPTs to determine their clinicopathologic characteristics according to their expression. METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2005, 23 @entity1 underwent pancreatic resections for SPT of the pancreas. Among 23 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues, 12 were evaluated as a pilot study. Immunohistochemistry was performed using various detection and antigen retrieval methods to detect @entity1917 , @entity4910 , @entity517 , and Ki-67. The expression of Wnt target genes was correlated with clinicopathologic features of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Solid @entity5 of the pancreas always showed cytoplasmic/nuclear accumulation of [ @entity3546 , frequent expression of @entity4910 , and low proliferation index. @entity1917 , @entity4910 , @entity517 , and Ki-67 were not correlated with microscopic features suggesting malignant potential (P > 0.05). @entity5 size was closely related to microscopic features of malignant potential and apparently has an inverse relationship with the expression of @entity4910 and Ki-67 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low proliferative index and associated @entity1917 expression may cause an unpredictable clinical course in this @entity5 . Subtle changes in the intracellular environment, not pathologic (morphologic) changes, may elucidate the unpredictable clinical course of this @entity5 .

title: Expression of Wnt target genes in solid XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1917 :: ('4316', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-7', 'MMP-7']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pseudopapillary tumor', 'pseudopapillary tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity402 ( @entity402 ) is no longer an experimental method; it is increasingly being used as a standard diagnostic tool for the characterization of @entity1 with aeroallergen- and food-triggered disorders. Some technical aspects of this test still remain to be answered. We aimed to study the reproducibility of this test over time in the general @entity1 population. METHODS: In a general population of 118 @entity1 , we investigated the reproducibility of duplicate APTs with four food allergens in their native form, which were repeated at set intervals from the first test: 7 days (group 1), 14 days (group 2), and 21 days (group 3). RESULTS: We observed very poor reproducibility on both sides of the back in all three studied subgroups. The reproducibility rates and Cohen's kappa values did not improve when we did not consider the side of the back. There were no differences in the prevalence of atopy between the subjects with reproducible and nonreproducible @entity402 results. All three groups studied showed no difference in the prevalence rates of atopy. There was no relationship between @entity402 and skin prick test positivity for the same allergen. Questionnaire-derived data about previous food-related reactions did not help in the evaluation of the doubtful nonreproducible @entity402 results with food allergens. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the reproducibility of food APTs is poor and unsatisfactory over time, and there is an urgent need for the development of optimal, stable, and good-quality @entity402 testing substances.

title: Reproducibility of food atopy patch tests over time in the general XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['APT', 'atopy patch test']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: Dorsal and ventral nerve roots from clinically normal @entity235 aged 3 months to 13 years have been examined. The L6, L7 roots were selected and samples removed from the roots within the sub-arachnoid space and within the root sleeves. Routine light microscopy, electron microscopy and single fibre studies have been made. The single teased fibre results have been analysed statistically for the correlation of internodal length and diameter. With increasing age there was marked evidence of @entity17 and remyelination. @entity17 were present and there were numerous fibres showing a marked variation in internodal length. In younger animals these features were not seen. @entity6441 was uncommon. In older animals myelin balloons, similar to those described proximal to @entity2950 , were commonly found. These were present in both dorsal and ventral roots. The ballooning appeared to result from a splitting of the myelin sheath. The intervening space was non-staining but sometimes contained myelin debris. No evidence of @entity2950 was present in these roots or peripheral nerves. These studies suggest that both the ballooning and @entity17 and remyelination are age related.

title: Age changes in the dorsal and ventral lumbar nerve roots of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['Paranodal and segmental demyelination', 'demyelination']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian type degeneration']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cell model suggested that @entity5 progression is driven by the overpopulation of @entity5 stem cells and eradicating or inhibiting the symmetric division of @entity5 stem cells would become the most important therapeutic strategy. However, clinical evidence for this hypothesis is still scarce. To evaluate the overpopulation hypothesis of @entity5 stem cells the association of percentage of @entity5439 + @entity5 cells with clinicopathological parameters in @entity694 was investigated since @entity5439 is a putative @entity5 stem cell marker shared by multiple solid @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Tumor tissues matched with adjacent normal tissues were collected from 104 stage IIIB @entity694 @entity1 who were subject to radical resection between January, 1999 to July, 2003 in this center. The @entity5439 expression was examined with immunohistochemical staining. The correlation of the percentage of @entity5439 + cell with clinicopathological parameters and @entity1 ' 5-year survival was analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity5439 + cells were infrequent and heterogeneous distribution in the @entity5 tissue. Staining of @entity5439 was localized not only on the glandular-luminal surface of @entity5 cells but also on the invasive budding and the poorly differentiated @entity5 with ductal structures. Both univariate and multivariate survival analysis revealed that the percentage of @entity5439 + @entity5 cells and the invasive depth of @entity5 were independently prognostic. The @entity1 with a lower percentage of @entity5439 + @entity5 cells (less than 5%) were strongly associated with a higher 5-year survival rate than those with a higher percentage of @entity5439 + @entity5 cells (greater than or equal to 55%). Additionally, no correlation was obtained between the percentage of @entity5439 + @entity5 cells and the other clinicopathological parameters including gender, age, site of primary mass, pathologic types, grades, and invasive depth. CONCLUSION: The fact that a higher percentage @entity5439 + cells were strongly associated with a poorer prognosis in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity694 implicated that @entity5439 + @entity5 cells contribute to the @entity5 progression, and the overpopulation hypothesis of @entity5 stem cell seems reasonable.

title: Higher percentage of @entity5439 + cells is associated with poor prognosis in @entity694 XXXX with stage IIIB.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The use of @entity6950 exposes @entity1 to @entity6950 -induced @entity882 , which is a challenging issue for both diagnosis and @entity1 management. We sought to describe the clinical presentation, management and outcome of a series of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6950 -induced @entity882 after heart valve surgery. METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6950 -induced @entity882 during the postoperative period of heart valve surgery over a 6-year period were prospectively enrolled in a single-centre registry. Clinical and biological data were collected. In-hospital and mid-term outcomes were assessed. Information regarding the occurrence of all medical events including death, recurrence of @entity882 was collected. RESULTS: We identified 93 @entity1 (incidence proportion = 2.8%). Most @entity1 (82%) were asymptomatic with @entity882 at the time of diagnosis. The other main circumstance of diagnosis was the occurrence of @entity1031 events in 17 @entity1 (6 strokes, 10 @entity715 and 1 peripheral embolic event). The in-hospital mortality rate was 1%. No thrombolysis, interventional procedure or redo surgery was performed. Danaparoid @entity1372 was used as @entity6950 replacement therapy in most cases (96%) and leading to complete and uneventful @entity715 resolution in all cases with only one possibly related major @entity548 complication. During a mean follow-up of 36    20 months, no @entity1 presented recurrence of any @entity6950 -induced @entity882 -related complication. CONCLUSIONS: In this contemporary series of @entity1 , @entity6950 -induced @entity882 incidence was low and @entity882 was the most frequent presentation. Conservative management with early diagnosis and substitutive anticoagulation therapy introduction was associated with a low rate of clinical events and a remarkably good outcome with a low mortality rate.

title: Presentation, management and outcome of XXXX -induced @entity882 after valvular heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events and/or thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia', 'isolated thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve thrombosis', 'thrombus']

answer: @entity6950 :: (MESH:D006493,Chemical) :: ['heparin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   The prosthesis commonly used for the treatment of @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) lacks elasticity to replace the diaphragm's mechanical properties and does not follow the natural growth of the @entity1 treated. Objective   To determine the appropriate properties required for the prostheses, a CT study on healthy @entity1 was conducted. Methods   Two methods of diaphragmatic surface analysis are assessed: the diaphragmatic surface is either estimated using surface 2D estimations (method 1), or calculated using length measures on thoracoabdominal CT scans from @entity1 (method 2). @entity1 are divided into two groups depending on their age: group 1: n   =   9; median age: 2.0 months (0.1-9.5); group 2: n   =   9; median age: 182.6 months (158.5-235.5). Growth factor between the two groups is calculated and the two methods are statistically compared. Results   The ratio group 2/group 1 of the diaphragmatic surfaces was 4.3        0.2 on the left side and 4.0        0.2 on the right side for method 1, and 5.1        0.2 on the left side and 5.1        0.3 on the right side for method 2. The difference in the median values between both methods is statistically significant for both the left and right sides (p   =   0.022 and p   =   0.002, respectively). Hence, the two methods cannot be used exchangeably. Conclusion   The treatment of @entity2914 with @entity154 remains a challenge because of the high incidence of @entity547 probably due to prosthesis defect; thus it is important to estimate the diaphragmatic surface precisely. We aim to develop a prosthesis material that can be commonly used and found a mean diaphragmatic growth factor of approximately 4 to 5 from early childhood to adolescence.

title: Computed Tomographic Study of the Pediatric Diaphragmatic Growth: Application to the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['large defect']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia recurrence']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although priority is often given to treat the @entity5 itself, focus should also be directed to prevention and improvement of oral complications that may occur as a result of @entity5 and/or its treatment. This study compares periodontal treatment results in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing chemotherapy by monitoring clinical conditions and C-reactive-protein (CRP) levels. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 were allocated to one of two groups: @entity1 with @entity2521 ( @entity2521 ) (n = 18) and @entity1 with @entity0 and @entity2521 ( @entity4004 / @entity2521 ) (n = 17). The following clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 45, 90, and 180 days after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT): 1) @entity92 ( @entity92 ); 2) clinical attachment level (CAL); 3) plaque index (PI); 4) gingival index (GI); 5) CRP; and 6) complete blood count. Clinical parameters and CRP levels were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: @entity2521 and @entity4004 / @entity2521 groups presented a statistically significant decrease in @entity92 after NSPT at 45, 90, and 180 days compared with baseline ( @entity2521 <0.05). There was a CAL gain in the @entity2521 group and a significant reduction in PI and GI at 45, 90, and 180 days for both groups ( @entity2521 <0.05). At 180 days after NSPT treatment, the @entity4004 / @entity2521 group showed a higher number of residual pockets ( @entity2521 <0.05) compared with the @entity2521 group (46.48    26.80 and 7.58    7.40, respectively). The @entity2521 group demonstrated a significant reduction in CRP levels at 45 and 180 days after NSPT compared with baseline ( @entity2521 <0.05), whereas this reduction was not observed in the @entity4004 / @entity2521 group. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity0 who were undergoing chemotherapy responded to periodontal non-surgical therapy, although with less favorable results than @entity1 with @entity2521 without @entity5 , and may require additional or adjunctive periodontal treatments.

title: Preliminary Results of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in XXXX With @entity0 Undergoing Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'P']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Collection of wastewater in segregated streams is one of the new concepts in domestic wastewater management. One such stream is yellow water which is mainly @entity1 urine. Direct use of this richest fraction in terms of nutrients on plants as fertilizer is one of the recommendations as the final end use. Indirect use of urine as fertilizer may also be exercised after various modes of processing. One of those is processing with clinoptilolite to transfer plant nutrients onto the @entity10091 and then to recover them subsequently. One of the significant factors in this process is the initial nutrient loading with which clinoptilolite is charged. This paper aims to investigate the transfer of @entity3104 and @entity972 from source-separated urine onto clinoptilolite, concentrating upon surface concentrations attained and removal efficiencies under various initial @entity3104 loadings. The results have indicated that variations in initial loading have no significant effect in terms of removal efficiencies up to 10 mg @entity17114 /g clinoptilolite. Highly acceptable efficiencies could be attained up to 15 mg @entity17114 (+)/g clinoptilolite after which the efficiency goes down as initial loading is increased. Overall, increased initial loadings result in higher final surface concentrations but decreased removal efficiencies.

title: The effect of initial loading on the removal of @entity3104 and @entity972 from source-separated XXXX urine via clinoptilolite.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The R2R3-MYB is one of the largest families of transcription factors, which have been implicated in multiple biological processes. There is great diversity in the number of R2R3-MYB genes in different plants. However, there is no report on genome-wide characterization of this gene family in @entity2708 . In the present study, a total of 205 putative R2R3-MYB genes were identified in @entity2708 D genome ( @entity34417 ), that are much larger than that found in other cash crops with fully sequenced genomes. These GrMYBs were classified into 13 groups with the R2R3-MYB genes from Arabidopsis and @entity579 . The @entity3689 motifs and phylogenetic tree were predicted and analyzed. The sequences of GrMYBs were distributed across 13 chromosomes at various densities. The results showed that the expansion of the @entity34417 R2R3-MYB family was mainly attributable to whole genome duplication and segmental duplication. Moreover, the expression pattern of 52 selected GrMYBs and 46 GaMYBs were tested in roots and leaves under different abiotic stress conditions. The results revealed that the MYB genes in @entity2708 were differentially expressed under salt and drought stress treatment. Our results will be useful for determining the precise role of the MYB genes during stress responses with crop improvement.

title: Genome-Wide Identification of R2R3-MYB Genes and Expression Analyses During Abiotic Stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity34417 :: ('29730', 'Species') :: ['G. Raimondii', 'Gossypium raimondii']

answer: @entity34417 :: (29730,Species) :: ['Gossypium raimondii']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Metastatic @entity420 from an unknown primary site is a common clinical problem. Determining the cytokeratin (CK) 7/ @entity2225 pattern of @entity5 is one of the most helpful procedures for this purpose since the @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + pattern is typical of @entity14 . @entity6628 , a critical nuclear transcription factor for intestinal development, is expressed in intestinal epithelium and @entity420 . In the present study, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of @entity6628 expression and the @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + phenotype in differentiating @entity14 from @entity356 . METHODS: @entity5822 / @entity2225 staining pattern and @entity6628 expression were evaluated in 118 cases of colorectal, 59 cases of gastric, and 32 cases of @entity788 . The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + phenotype and of @entity6628 expression were analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + immunophenotype was expressed by 75 of 118 (64%) colorectal and 3 of 59 (5%) @entity356 and was not observed in any @entity788 . The @entity5822 +/ @entity2225 + immunophenotype was expressed in 24/118 (20%) of colon, 28/59 (48%) of gastric and 7/32 (22%) of @entity788 . The @entity5822 +/ @entity2225 - expression pattern was observed in only 2% (2 of 118) of @entity14 . @entity6628 was expressed in 114 of 118 (97%) colorectal, 36 of 59 (61%) gastric, and 5 of 32(16%) @entity788 . There was no significant association between @entity6628 expression and @entity5 differentiation in @entity14 . In @entity356 , @entity6628 expression was more common in @entity4056 than in @entity189 . The @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + phenotype showed a specificity of 96.7% in predicting @entity14 , which was superior to that of @entity6628 expression. @entity6628 expression at both cut-off levels (> 5% and > 50%) had a higher sensitivity (96.6% and 78%) than the CK phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Both the @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + phenotype and expression of the antibody @entity6628 are highly specific and sensitive markers of colorectal origin. @entity6628 expression should be a useful adjunct for the diagnosis of intestinal @entity420 , particularly when better established markers such as @entity5822 and @entity2225 yield equivocal results. The @entity5822 -/ @entity2225 + phenotype is superior in its specificity and positive predictive value and might be preferred. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4851011866354821.

title: The value of @entity6628 and cytokeratins 7 and 20 expression in differentiating @entity14 from extraintestinal gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas: XXXX -/20+ phenotype is more specific than @entity6628 antibody.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal type tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse type carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic and gastric adenocarcinomas', 'gastric tumors', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity5822 :: (3855,Gene) :: ['cytokeratin 7']


abstract: Intravenous @entity2643 (AIV) is used to treat @entity943 . @entity551 is the dose-limiting adverse event of AIV and is considered to be due to the cosolvents ( @entity6496 80 and @entity7471 ) in the formulation. To minimize @entity551 , the initial loading dose of AIV (150 mg) is diluted to 1.5 mg/ml and slowly infused over 10 minutes. PM101 is a cosolvent-free intravenous formulation of @entity2643 . The present study was designed to assess any potential @entity551 effect of PM101 (50 mg/ml) on the administration of the loading dose (150 mg) as an undiluted bolus push. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study in healthy @entity1 subjects receiving placebo (5% @entity413 in water, n = 112) or PM101 (bolus push, n = 112). The primary end point was the noninferiority assessment of placebo versus PM101 for change in systolic blood pressure. For comparison, the standard loading dose of AIV (150 mg) was infused at 1.5 mg/ml over 10 minutes, and a rapid loading dose of AIV (150 mg) was infused undiluted (50 mg/ml) over 15 seconds. PM101 was noninferior to placebo, with changes from baseline systolic blood pressure for placebo and PM101 of -4.25 +/- 4.2 and -4.83 +/- 5.0 mm Hg, respectively. Neither regimen of AIV altered systolic blood pressure compared to placebo. Transient and significant increases in heart rate were observed in both AIV groups and with PM101 but not placebo. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that PM101 is devoid of @entity551 in healthy @entity1 subjects. The absence of a @entity551 effect of AIV in this population suggests that further evaluation is needed in a @entity1 population with @entity299 .

title: Evaluation of the effects of PM101, a cyclodextrin-based formulation of intravenous XXXX , on blood pressure in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7471 :: ('MESH:D019905', 'Chemical') :: ['benzyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6496 :: ('CHEBI:53426', 'Chemical') :: ['polysorbate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effectiveness and @entity1 satisfaction with the use of @entity11440 at low doses for treating @entity1119 . METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2010, 35 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1119 were treated with @entity11440 . Data were collected from 30 @entity1 (five @entity1 were lost to follow-up). During the first week, @entity1 received 2.5 mg of @entity11440 once a day, 2.5 mg twice a day from the eighth to the 42nd day, and from the 43rd day to the end of the 12th week, 5 mg twice a day. All of the @entity1 underwent two evaluations: before and after the @entity11440 treatment, using a clinical questionnaire, and a clinical protocol for quality of life. RESULTS: More than 70% of @entity1 experienced an improvement in @entity1119 . Most of the @entity1 showed improvements in quality of life (66.6%). The side effects were minor, the most frequent being @entity2133 (76.7%). CONCLUSION: @entity1119 with @entity11440 presents good results and improves quality of life. We believe that this therapeutic alternative is an excellent choice for the initial treatment of @entity1119 .

title: Use of XXXX for treating @entity1119 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['Treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis', 'plantar hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

answer: @entity11440 :: (MESH:C005419,Chemical) :: ['oxybutynin']


abstract: @entity121 ( @entity121 ) has been proposed as an alternative to posterolateral thoracotomy (PLT) for @entity358 . This issue has been addressed by few clinical reports. To explore that subject, a prospective, controlled randomised, double-blind trial comparing @entity121 through the auscultatory triangle and PLT was planned. The study included @entity1 scheduled for @entity1149 and were followed for three years. The primary endpoints were @entity158 , analgesic consumption and post-thoracotomy @entity158 . The secondary endpoints included morbidity plus shoulder and pulmonary functions. The trial randomised 100 @entity1 into two groups. @entity282 results were similar, although analgesic consumption was higher in the PLT group (P=0.001). The @entity121 group had a shorter hospital stay (P=0.003). Three years @entity6413 was unaffected by the type of incision. The @entity1 suffered more than @entity1 during the early and late postoperative time. An inverse correlation between incision length and @entity158 was found. Immediate shoulder strength was significantly better in the @entity121 group (P=0.004) but @entity260 were comparable. The two incisions results were very similar in the @entity1 outcome, however, few aspects indicated the @entity121 as the more suitable incision for @entity358 .

title: Muscle sparing versus posterolateral thoracotomy for XXXX : randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6413 :: ('MESH:D038223', 'Disease') :: ['post-thoracotomy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lobectomy for stage I or II non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary function and complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['MST', 'Muscle sparing thoracotomy']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary lobectomy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of accelerated radiotherapy in @entity1 with primary high grade @entity11 , where acceleration is used as a means of delivering a shortened course of radical radiotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two-hundred and eleven @entity1 with primary high grade @entity11 were treated at the Royal Marsden NHS Trust between 1987 and 1997 with accelerated radiotherapy (55 Gy in 34 fractions twice daily), to planning target volume ( @entity343 ) defined as enhancing @entity5 and a 3 cm margin. All had histologically confirmed high grade @entity11 (53 anaplastic @entity816 , 137 @entity463 multiforme, 4 @entity3038 , 5 gemistocytic @entity816 , 12 high grade @entity816 not otherwise specified). The mean Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was 90 and median age was 54 years (range 19-77). RESULTS: Of 211 @entity1 entered, 201 were able to complete radiotherapy; 39 @entity1 (19%) had deterioration in KPS during radiotherapy and this was transient in 11. Median survival of 211 @entity1 was 10 months with 1 year, 2 year, and 3 year survival probabilities of 38%, 14%, and 8% respectively. Age and extent of excision were independent prognostic factors for survival. Previous comparison to matched cohort receiving 60 Gy in 30 daily fractions did not demonstrate significant survival difference. CONCLUSION: Accelerated radiotherapy is a feasible treatment approach for @entity1 with high grade @entity11 . The survival and functional outcome are comparable to conventional radiotherapy and the treatment is without serious acute @entity137 . While acceleration of conventional dose irradiation could be tested in randomised studies, it is unlikely this approach would result in a clinically meaningful survival benefit. Accelerated radiotherapy therefore remains one of the ways of delivering radical irradiation in @entity1 with high grade @entity11 . However, it adds complexity to what is a palliative treatment regimen and the rationale and advisability should be re-examined, particularly in terms of impact on quality of life, true @entity1 preference, and health economic considerations.

title: Modifying radical radiotherapy in high grade XXXX ; shortening the treatment time through acceleration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: Fifteen hundred sixty-six @entity1 with @entity420 of the endometrioid type (AC) were studied. These accounted for 78.9% of all 1985 @entity1 with confirmed @entity1204 diagnosed in Norway in the period 1970 through 1978. Four hundred and sixty-nine @entity1 (29.9%) had well-differentiated @entity5 , 677 (43.2%) were moderately and 420 (26.8%) poorly differentiated. Eighty-one percent of the @entity1 had surgicopathologic @entity5 , 11% Stage II, 6% Stage III, and 2% Stage IV. Mean age at diagnosis was 62.1 years (range, 36 to 91). The crude 5-year and 10-year survival rates for all @entity1 were 74.1% and 62.2%, respectively. Five-year crude survival was 86.8% for Grade 1 and 58.3% for Grade 3 @entity5 . The 5-year crude survival for @entity1 with @entity5 was 88.7% as opposed to 46.9% for @entity1 with @entity5 infiltrating to the serosa. Sixty-six percent of the @entity1 with vessel invasion survived for 5 years in contrast to 88.6% for @entity1 without vessel invasion. Histologic grade, @entity2617 , vessel invasion, and lymphocyte reaction surrounding the @entity5 were strongly interrelated. Multivariate analysis showed that the age of the @entity1 at the time of diagnosis was the most important single prognostic factor. Disregarding age, survival in operated @entity1 was more dependent on the depth of myometrial invasion than on grade and stage of disease.

title: XXXX in Norway. A study of a total population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage I disease', 'tumor', 'intramucosal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial infiltration']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: A total of 64 @entity1 less than 15 years of age with @entity565 caused by silk were studied. The diagnosis was based on a history of wheezing, positive skin tests to silk, positive conjunctival or nasal provocation tests, or serum IgE-Sw (silk waste). The average age of onset was 4 years 2 months. Sex ratio (M:F) was 3.6:1. A positive skin test is essential for the diagnosis. Conjunctival provocation tests were performed in 80% of cases because of reliability, safety, and convenience. The first symptom appeared an average of 10 months after initial exposure to silk. In 61% of @entity1 , @entity565 was accompanied by @entity2023 but in only 14% of cases by @entity2024 . In most cases, @entity565 occurred in winter, due to seasonal use of bed quilts or clothes filled with silk. Silk is a highly potent allergen. The average mean wheal diameter elicited by silk in prick testing was larger than two @entity112 equivalent prick tests. A cross reactivity exists among mulberry silk, and @entity12638 cocoons, batryticated @entity12638 , and @entity12638 chrysalis.

title: Silk-induced @entity565 in XXXX : a report of 64 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity12638 :: ('7091', 'Species') :: ['silkworms', 'silkworm']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']