abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have developed a wine fermentation procedure that takes advantage of the metabolic features of a previously characterized Metschnikowia pulcherrima strain in order to reduce @entity1068 production. It involves the use of M. pulcherrima/ @entity375 mixed cultures, controlled oxygenation conditions during the first 48  h of fermentation, and anaerobic conditions thereafter. The influence of different oxygenation regimes and initial inoculum composition on @entity375 physiology and final @entity1068 content was studied. The impact of oxygenation on @entity375 physiology goes beyond the first aerated step and influences yields and survival rates during the anaerobic stage. The activity of M. pulcherrima in mixed oxygenated cultures resulted in a clear reduction in @entity1068 yield, as compared to @entity375 . Despite relatively low initial cell numbers, @entity375 always predominated in mixed cultures by the end of the fermentation process. Strain replacement was faster under low oxygenation levels. M. pulcherrima confers an additional advantage in terms of dissolved @entity26 , which drops to zero after a few hours of culture, even under highly aerated conditions, and this holds true for mixed cultures. @entity167 reduction values about 3.7  % (v/v) were obtained for mixed cultures under high aeration, but they were associated to unacceptable volatile acidity levels. In contrast, under optimized conditions, only 0.35  g/L @entity1543 was produced, for an @entity167 reduction of 2.2  % (v/v), and almost null dissolved @entity26 during the process.

title: The impact of @entity26 on the final XXXX content of wine fermented by a mixed starter culture.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anaplasmataceae agents, piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp. have emerged as important pathogens among domestic and wild felines. The present work aimed to detect the presence of species belonging to the Anaplasmataceae family, piroplasmas and Hepatozoon spp. DNA in blood samples of domesticated and stray @entity468 in the city of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, midwestern Brazil. Between January and April 2013, whole blood samples were collected from 151 @entity468 (54 males, 95 females and two without gender registration) in the city of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. DNA extracted from cat blood samples was submitted to conventional PCR assays for Theileria/ @entity743 /Cytauxzoon spp. (18S rRNA, ITS-1), Ehrlichia spp. (16S rRNA, dsb, groESL), Anaplasma spp. (16S rRNA, groESL) and Hepatozoon spp. (18S rRNA) followed by phylogenetic reconstructions. Out of 151 sampled @entity468 , 13 (8.5%) were positive for Ehrlichia spp. closely related to @entity4209 , 1 (0.66%) for Hepatozoon spp. closely related to Hepatozoon americanum and Hepatozoon spp. isolate from a wild felid, 1 (0.66%) for Cytauxzoon sp. closely related do Cytauxzoon felis, and 18 (11.9%) for @entity743 /Theileria (one sequence was closely related to @entity743 , eight for @entity743 vogeli, five to Theileria spp. from ruminants [Theileria ovis, Theileria lestoquardi] and four to Theileria sp. recently detected in a cat). The present study showed that Ehrlichia spp., piroplasmids (B. vogeli, Theileria spp. and Cytauxzoon spp.) and, more rarely, Hepatozoon spp. circulate among stray and domesticated @entity468 in the city of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, midwestern Brazil.

title: Tick-borne agents in domesticated and stray XXXX from the city of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, midwestern Brazil.

entities_list: @entity743 :: ('MESH:D001404', 'Disease') :: ['Babesia bigemina', 'Babesia']

entities_list: @entity4209 :: ('944', 'Species') :: ['Ehrlichia canis']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2736 about the elbow joint can lead to considerable functional disability, including the loss of @entity717 . Many procedures have been described for the treatment of @entity19386 . Varying degrees of success have been achieved with regard to the improvement of the flexion arc, but less success has been reported in terms of the restoration of @entity717 . The success of treatment is associated with the extent of @entity2736 , soft-tissue scarring, and anatomical distortion. A new and simple technique to address the unresectable @entity19386 is described. METHODS: Seven @entity1 were managed with a partial proximal radial resection distal to the @entity8213 and were followed for an average of eighty months (range, twenty-four to 144 months). RESULTS: Forearm rotation improved from an average fixed pronation of 5 degrees to an average arc of 98 degrees (range, 40 degrees to 175 degrees ). The average functional score improved from 57 points preoperatively to 81 points at the time of the final review. Complications included reankylosis at the site of the resection and @entity3165 in one @entity1 each. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of a 1-cm-thick section of the proximal part of the radial shaft provides a safe and reliable method of improving @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity2736 of the elbow. A single technical factor that seems to positively influence the result is the application of bone wax at the resection site. This simple procedure is ideally suited for @entity1 who have a @entity19386 that (1) is too extensive to allow a safe and discrete resection, (2) involves the articular surface, and (3) is associated with an @entity85 .

title: Proximal radial resection for @entity19386 : a new technique to improve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar-nerve sensory neurapraxia']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification', 'Heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['forearm rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['anatomical deformity']

entities_list: @entity19386 :: ('MESH:C562408', 'Disease') :: ['proximal radioulnar synostosis']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['forearm rotation']


abstract: The presence of inflammatory changes and mucopus production in an enterocystoplasty may be similar to the condition of diversion @entity1960 and starvation @entity294 caused by a lack of luminal short-chain @entity1718 (SCFAs). We postulate a therapeutic role for intravesical SCFA. Because this treatment will also contact the urothelium, we have assessed the effect on cellular proliferation by utilizing primary urothelial cells in culture. Primary urothelial cells were grown from biopsy samples of normal urothelium obtained intraoperatively. A cocktail of SCFA used in the treatment of diversion @entity1960 was incubated with these cells for time intervals ranging from 30 minutes to 72 hours at drug concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 20 mmol/L @entity4876 equivalent (BE). The @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay was used to measure the residual viable biomass to assess growth inhibition. These experiments were repeated on cells grown on matrigel substrate. The @entity1 urothelial cancer line RT112 was likewise exposed to SCFAs to assess selectivity between primary and transformed cells. Primary urothelial cells in culture undergo growth inhibition when exposed to SCFAs. The concentration of SCFAs required to reduce the general biomass by 50% or more (IC> or =50) was 20 mmol/L BE when exposure was for 2 hours or less. When drug exposure was prolonged for 72 hours, the IC> or =50 was 2.5 mmol/L BE. Cells grown on matrigel had their growth similarly inhibited. The IC > or = 50 for the @entity1 cell line was 2.5 mmol/L BE after 72 hours of drug incubation. Primary urothelial cells in culture undergo a time- and dose-dependent growth inhibition when exposed to SCFAs. This inhibition is particularly apparent at the higher doses similar to those in use in clinical practice. Cells grown on a matrigel substrate suffer growth attenuation similar to that affecting cells grown on @entity852 plates. In vivo assessment in a rodent intravesical model is advisable before considering instillations in @entity1 .

title: Effects of short-chain XXXX on primary urothelial cells in culture: implications for intravesical use in enterocystoplasties.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of clinical management changes resulting from inpatient ophthalmic consultations for @entity12045 and the associated costs. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. @entity1 : Three hundred forty-eight inpatients at a tertiary care center between 2008 and 2012 with positive fungal blood culture results, 238 of whom underwent an ophthalmologic consultation. METHODS: Inpatient charts of all fungemic @entity1 were reviewed. Costs were standardized to the year 2014. The Student t test was used for all continuous variables and the Pearson chi-square test was used for categorical variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity2194 , rate of change in clinical management, mortality rate of fungemic @entity1 , and costs of ophthalmic consultation. RESULTS: Twenty-two (9.2%) of 238 consulted @entity1 with @entity12045 had @entity2194 . Twenty @entity1 had @entity6519 and 2 had @entity3225 . Only 9 @entity1 (3.7%) had a change in management because of the ophthalmic consultation. One @entity1 underwent bilateral intravitreal injections. Thirty percent of consulted @entity1 died before discharge or were discharged to hospice. The total cost of new consults was  36  927.54 ( 204.19/initial level 5 visit and  138.63/initial level 4). The cost of follow-up visits was  13 655.44 ( 104.24/visit). On average, 26.4 @entity1 were evaluated to find 1 @entity1 needing change in management, with an average cost of  5620.33 per change in 1 @entity1 's management. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical management changes resulting from ophthalmic consultation in fungemic @entity1 were uncommon. Associated costs were high for these consults in a @entity1 population with a high mortality rate. Together, these data suggest that the usefulness of routine ophthalmic consultations for all fungemic @entity1 is likely to be low.

title: Outcomes, impact on management, and costs of XXXX consults in a tertiary care setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular involvement']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['fungal eye disease']


abstract: The role of membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRP) in the protection of @entity5 cells in vivo against elimination by the immune system is still unknown. In this study the effect of expression of these mCRP by cervical @entity5 cells was investigated. In situ expression of mCRP was observed on cervical @entity189 , normal cervical epithelial cells, and the surrounding stroma. Deposition of C3 and C5b-9 was sporadically found on the @entity5 cells and the surrounding stroma. A low expression of @entity806 was statistically significantly associated with deposition of C3. Comparable expression patterns were shown on primary @entity5 cell suspensions. A relatively high deposition of C4c was found on these @entity5 cells, indicating classical pathway activation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that @entity9819 and @entity1009 were the most potent inhibitors of C3 deposition and classical pathway-mediated lysis, respectively, on cervical @entity5 cell lines. The feasibility of increasing complement activation at the @entity5 cell membrane surface was demonstrated with an anti-HLA Class I*anti- @entity9819 bispecific mAb. The potential immunotherapeutic applicability was investigated with both anti-G250*anti- @entity9819 and anti- @entity5960 *anti- @entity9819 bispecific mAbs. An approximate 2-fold increase in C3 deposition, compared with the parental anti- @entity5960 mAb, was attained with an anti- @entity5960 *anti- @entity9819 bispecific mAb when the @entity5 -associated antigen was expressed in sufficient amounts. These results demonstrate that when @entity5 -associated antigens are expressed in adequate amounts, bispecific mAbs in vivo may be potent immunotherapeutic agents to enhance an inflammatory reaction at the @entity5 site.

title: The inhibitory effect of XXXX , @entity9819 , and @entity1009 on complement activation after immunotherapeutic treatment of cervical carcinoma cells with monoclonal antibodies or bispecific monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'cervical tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity806 :: (4179,Gene) :: ['CD46']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Host response to infection and other forms of tissue injury have been termed @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). This inflammatory response can frequently be accompanied by oxidative injury in one or more organ systems in the body. The objective of this report was to clarify the possible role of oxidative stress in the development of @entity881 ( @entity881 ) in @entity1 with @entity1850 . DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity1 : A total of 214 consecutive @entity1 (mean age, 57.1 +/- 17.4 yrs; range, 13 to 84 yrs; 148 @entity1 and 66 @entity1 ). At the time of admission, 139 @entity1 fulfilled the clinical criteria for @entity1850 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We measured plasma concentrations of @entity4466 reactant substances (TBARS), as an index of oxidative stress, every day from the point of admission to the intensive care unit until discharge or @entity204 . Furthermore, all variables of the @entity1850 score and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score were collected every day. At the time of admission, plasma TBARS concentrations in @entity1850 @entity1 with @entity881 were significantly higher than those in @entity1850 @entity1 without @entity881 (2.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/mL, p <.01), and there was a significant correlation between plasma TBARS concentration and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (r2 =.18, p <.001). Furthermore, the duration of @entity1850 persistence was significantly associated with the percentage increase in plasma @entity42333 concentration during @entity1850 persistence in those @entity1 in whom the duration of @entity1850 was confirmed (r2 =.73, p <.001). The duration of @entity1850 was significantly higher in @entity1 who developed @entity881 than in @entity1 who did not develop @entity881 (6.9 vs. 3.2 days, p <.001). The percentage increase in plasma TBARS concentration during @entity1850 was also significantly higher in @entity1 who developed @entity881 than in @entity1 who did not develop @entity881 (57.1% vs. 15.8%, p <.001). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that processes of oxidative stress in connection with continued @entity1850 may promote the development of @entity881 .

title: Possible role of increased oxidant stress in @entity881 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome']


abstract: This study examines age-related differences and temporal trends in hospital and long-term survival after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) over a 2-decade-long (1975 to 1995) experience. A total of 8,070 @entity1 with validated @entity583 hospitalized in all acute care hospitals in the Worcester, Massachusetts, metropolitan area (1990 census population 437,000) were studied over 10 one-year periods between 1975 and 1995. This population included 1,326 @entity1 aged <55 years (16.4%), 1,768 @entity1 aged 55 to 64 years (21.9%), 2,325 @entity1 aged 65 to 74 years (28.8%), 1,880 @entity1 aged 75 to 84 years (23.3%), and 771 @entity1 aged > or = 85 years (9.6%). Compared with @entity1 <55 years, @entity1 55 to 64 years were 2.2 times more likely to die during hospitalization for @entity583 , whereas @entity1 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and > or = 85 years were at 4.2, 7.8, and 10.2 times greater risk of dying, respectively. Similar age disparities in the risk of dying were seen when controlling for additional prognostic factors. Despite the adverse impact of increasing age on hospital survival after @entity583 , declining in-hospital death rates were seen in each of the age groups under study, with declining magnitude of these trends with advancing age. Among discharged hospital @entity1 , increasing age was related to a significantly poorer long-term prognosis. Trends toward improving long-term prognosis were seen in @entity1 discharged in the mid-1990s compared with those discharged in the mid- to late 1970s for @entity1 aged <85 years. The present results demonstrate the marked impact of advancing age on survival after @entity583 . Despite the adverse impact of age on prognosis, encouraging trends in prognosis were observed in all age groups, although to a lesser extent in the oldest elderly @entity1 . These findings emphasize the low death rates in middle-aged @entity1 with @entity583 and the need for targeted secondary prevention efforts in elderly @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Age-related trends in short- and long-term survival after XXXX : a 20-year population-based perspective (1975-1995).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Unit discharges of the reticular neurons and EMGs of extensors and flexors were recorded in the 4 limbs of thalamic @entity468 during stepping on a motor-driven treadmill to study the functional role of the @entity63675 ( @entity63675 ) reflex in locomotion. (1) Reticular neurons showed alterations of increased or decreased discharge rate depending on the phase of the step cycle; they were divided into input (ascending), output (reticulospinal, R-S) and internuncial neurons underlying the @entity63675 reflex. (2) R-S neurons showed increased spikes from the end o the stance to the beginning of the swing phase; in this period, flexor muscle EMGS were obtained. The spikes decreased or disappeared when extensor EMGs were observed. To analyze the relationship between activity in R-S neurons and flexor muscles, R-S neuron spikes were used for triggering and post-spike EMGs were averaged. Averaged EMGs of the correlated flexor revealed a 12 and 6 ms latency for hind- and forelimbs, respectively. Most R-S neurons elicited EMGs of flexor in muscles of one ipsilateral leg, some elicited flexor EMGs of both the ipsilateral fore-and hindlimbs. (3) Input neurons of the reticular formation from spinal ascending tracts fired spikes upon touching of the skin over the correlated limb. During stepping, they showed two types of response patterns: a burst discharge appeared for the leg which was swinging and touching the belt, the other pattern was of continuous discharges at the end of stance and at the beginning of swing phases. (4) Internuncial neurons which relay impulses between the input and output neurons also showed alternate firings depending on the phase of the step cycle. Spikes could be elicited by touching the skin over the 4 limbs. (5) The relationship among the activities of the 3 groups of reticular neurons was analyzed by the post- or pre-spike averaging technique and appropriate latency responses were obtained. (6) The results indicate that flexor EMGs were excited by cutaneous afferents via the @entity63675 reflex in @entity468 stepping on the treadmill. The role of the @entity63675 reflex in locomotion is discussed.

title: Reticular neuron activities associated with locomotion in thalamic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63675 :: ('MESH:D055534', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'spino-bulbo-spinal']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: We examined the changes in ingestive behavior, serum @entity413 (Glc) and free @entity1718 (FFA) concentrations in male @entity35 following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity8037 (SPM). In satiated @entity35 , over a 53.3 nmol of SPM suppressed feeding and drinking behavior in a dose-dependent manner. The median suppressive dose was 90.8 nmol for feeding behavior and 68.3 nmol for drinking behavior. @entity11667 also suppressed ingestive behavior but the potency was appreciable weak compared to that of SPM, and the occurrence of the maximal suppression was observed 2-3 days later than that of SPM. The most significant @entity448 and adipsia induced by SPM appeared between 16 and 36 hr after i.c.v. administration. SPM (180 nmol) produced a biphasic increase in serum @entity49498 concentration. The 1st peak was at 1 hr and the other peak was 24 hr after the dosing. The same dose of SPM elevated serum FFA concentrations gradually, and the maximal increase appeared 24 hr after the injection. As less than a 120 nmol dose of SPM did not alter serum Glc and FFA concentrations, there seems to be no causal relation between SPM-induced @entity448 , and changes in serum Glc and @entity6334 concentrations. Nevertheless, the findings that a very small dose of SPM produced @entity448 and adipsia support the possibility that SPM may play some functional role in the brain.

title: Changes in ingestive behavior, serum XXXX and free @entity1718 concentrations in @entity35 following intracerebroventricular injection of @entity8037 .

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['Spermidine']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the scavenging action of @entity2942 ( @entity10219 ) on intracerebral amyloid b protein (Ab) aggregation and the abnormal phosphorylated tau protein and its mechanism in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity35 ' brain. METHODS: Ab1-40 was injected into the right @entity1249 region hippocampus to establish the @entity195 model. Successfully modeled @entity35 were divided into the model group, the low, middle, high @entity10219 group. @entity35 were administered with @entity10219 (18.5, 37.0, 74.0 mg/kg) by gastrogavage. Besides, a sham-operation group was set up. Expression levels of Ab1-40 and Tau p-Ser262 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-protein ligase E3 were measured by Western blotting.The content of 26S proteasome was detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical results showed that the number of Ab and Tau p-Ser262 positively reacted neurons significantly increased in model group, when compared with the sham-operation group (P < 0.01). Results of Western blot showed expression levels of ubiquitinated protein were up-regulated and those of Ub-protein ligase E3 were down-regulated in the model group (P < 0.01). ELISA results showed that the content of 26S proteasome significantly decreased in @entity195 @entity35 ' brain (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, expression levels of Ab1-40, Tau p-Ser262, and Ub significantly decreased; expression levels of Ub-protein ligase E3 apparently increased; the content of 26S proteasome significantly increased in each @entity10219 treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Best effect was shown in 37.0 mg/kg and 74.0 mg/kg @entity10219 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ub proteasome pathway (UPP) participated in the occurrence of @entity195 . @entity10219 could obviously reduce intracere- bral Ab1-40 accumulation and abnormal tau phosphorylation.

title: [The mechanism of @entity2942 for eliminating waste product accumulation in cerebral neurons of XXXX @entity35 via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway].

entities_list: @entity2942 :: ('MESH:C493220', 'Chemical') :: ['tenuigenin']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Acute @entity12127 is usually suspected by typical clinical findings supported by laboratory tests. Investigations of the colon are usually delayed 1 to 2 months until the acute situation is resolved. We studied 53 @entity1 with an initial clinical diagnosis of @entity697 by performing early water-soluble contrast enema of the colon. The initial diagnosis proved to be uncertain, as 26 @entity1 (49%) had acute @entity12127 as their final diagnosis. There were ten @entity1 who had @entity6522 , but without radiologic signs of @entity697 . Four of these @entity1 had some other disease responsible for their symptoms. Thirteen @entity1 had normal findings at early water-soluble contrast enema. Three @entity694 and one @entity1960 were diagnosed. There were no complications related to the radiologic studies. We conclude that early water-soluble contrast edema of the left colon is safe and useful in investigating @entity1 with suspected acute @entity12127 . If the finding is normal, investigations can be directed elsewhere without undue delay.

title: Early water-soluble contrast enema in the diagnosis of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity6522 :: ('MESH:D043963', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis of the colon']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinomas']

answer: @entity12127 :: (MESH:D004239,Disease) :: ['colonic diverticulitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity488 ( @entity14492 ) based antiretroviral therapy is expanding worldwide. However discontinuation of @entity14492 containing regimens is common in some @entity1 , particularly black @entity1 , due most often to neuropsychiatric side effects. These adverse drug effects often result in premature drug discontinuation, as well as considerable morbidity. METHODS: We genotyped @entity5944 , @entity11670 and @entity5322 , which encode enzymes principally involved in @entity14492 metabolism, from @entity1 enrolled in the multinational SMART, FIRST and ESPRIT studies, for whom outcome data of treatment adherence was available. @entity1 with loss or decrease of function single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the above genes were assigned a risk score based upon the number of SNPs present weighted relative to whether @entity11670 (main metabolism pathway) and/or @entity5944 and @entity5322 (accessory pathways) were involved. Cox regression models were used to study the association between high genetic risk and time from initiation to @entity14492 discontinuation. Failure was defined as discontinuation of an antiretroviral regimen other than for virologic failure or protocol determined discontinuation. FINDINGS: @entity1 with highest pharmacogenetic risk, as defined by cumulative SNPs in @entity5944 , @entity11670 and @entity5322 , have an increased risk of discontinuation of @entity14492 containing therapy compared to @entity1 with lower genetic risk scores (adjusted HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2, 3.1, P  =  0.009). High genetic risk score was not associated with an increased risk of discontinuing @entity5194 or @entity5198 . High genetic risk was present more often in blacks compared to non-blacks (Adjusted OR 4.5, 95% CI: 1.9,10.5), and treatment discontinuation was also increased in blacks overall (Adjusted HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0, 1.9). However, high genetic risk was more associated with treatment discontinuation than race alone for both blacks (Adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.8, 4.8) and non-blacks (Adjusted OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.5, 18.0). INTERPRETATION: Premature discontinuation of ART delays the time to effective long term viral suppression, and is associated with significant morbidity. Pharmacogenetic testing may predict those with a high risk of @entity14492 discontinuation, and therefore should be considered in @entity1 in whom initiation of @entity14492 based ART is being considered. FUNDING: Funded by NIH.

title: Investigation of XXXX Discontinuation in Multi-ethnic Populations of HIV-positive Individuals by Genetic Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5194 :: ('MESH:C413408', 'Chemical') :: ['atazanavir']

entities_list: @entity488 :: ('MESH:C098320', 'Chemical') :: ['Efavirenz']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

answer: @entity488 :: (MESH:C098320,Chemical) :: ['Efavirenz']


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the strength of spastic muscles using Biodex System 3 within a group of @entity1 with @entity1269 in after- @entity64 population. Measurements of the moments of force in @entity508 were conducted under isostatic conditions. We analysed the values obtained for both limbs in order to determine the @entity508 level on an Ashworth scale (0-4). The subjects were 10 @entity1 with @entity1269 and varying @entity508 selected from an after- @entity64 population. The analysis showed that spastic muscles activated less force than non-spastic muscles of the same @entity1 . Furthermore, in a spastic limb, higher values of force were noted in the flexors than in the extensors of the elbow. In a non-spastic limb, the values of force were higher in the extensors of the elbow joint than in flexors. It is worth adding that the dynamics of force exposure, defined by a gradient of force, was much lower in spastic muscles than in non-spastic ones. Objective estimation of muscle force can be done by measuring the moments of force in particular groups of muscles upon the isokinetic contraction appearing. The repeatability of measurements may enable the kind of kinesitherapy to be determined as well as the assessment of the effectiveness of exercises in regard to force increase and dynamics of spastic muscles.

title: Objective measurements of muscle force in a group of after- @entity64 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity', 'elbow flexors and extensors of both spastic and non-spastic limbs']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the development of unique opioid-dependence treatment in remote communities that combines First Nations healing strategies and substitution therapy with @entity4783 - @entity1510 . DESIGN: Quantitative measurements of community wellness and response to community-based opioid-dependence treatment. SETTING: Remote First Nations community in northwestern Ontario. @entity1 : A total of 140 self-referred opioid-dependent community members. INTERVENTION: Community-developed program of First Nations healing, addiction treatment, and substitution therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Community-wide measures of wellness: number of criminal charges, addiction-related medical evacuations, @entity1 protection agency cases, school attendance, and attendance at community events. RESULTS: The age-adjusted adult rate of opioid-dependence treatment was 41%. One year after the development of the in-community healing and substitution therapy program for @entity4784 , police criminal charges had fallen by 61.1%, @entity1 protection cases had fallen by 58.3%, school attendance had increased by 33.3%, and seasonal influenza immunizations had dramatically gone up by 350.0%. Attendance at community events is now robust, and sales at the local general store have gone up almost 20%. CONCLUSION: Community-wide wellness measures have undergone dramatic public health changes since the development of a First Nations healing program involving opioid substitution therapy with @entity4783 - @entity1510 . Funding for such programs is ad hoc and temporary, and this threatens the survival of the described program and other such programs developing in this region, which has been strongly affected by an @entity4784 .

title: Community-wide measures of wellness in a remote First Nations community experiencing @entity4784 : evaluating outpatient @entity4783 - XXXX substitution therapy in the context of a First Nations healing program.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence', 'opioid-dependence epidemic']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) can present with distinct clinical variants. Identifying the earliest neurodegenerative changes associated with each variant has implications for early diagnosis, and for understanding the mechanisms that underlie regional vulnerability and disease progression in @entity195 . We performed voxel-based morphometry to detect @entity194 patterns in early clinical stages of four @entity195 phenotypes: @entity194 ( @entity194 , "visual variant," n = 93), logopenic variant primary progressive @entity2026 (lvPPA, "language variant," n = 74), and memory-predominant @entity195 categorized as early age-of-onset (EOAD, <65 years, n = 114) and late age-of-onset (LOAD, >65 years, n = 114). @entity1 with each syndrome were stratified based on: (1) degree of functional impairment, as measured by the clinical @entity303 rating (CDR) scale, and (2) overall extent of @entity1010 , as measured by a neuroimaging approach that sums the number of brain voxels showing significantly lower gray matter volume than cognitively normal controls (n = 80). Even at the earliest clinical stage (CDR   =   0.5 or bottom quartile of overall @entity194 ), @entity1 with each syndrome showed both common and variant-specific @entity194 . Common @entity194 across variants was found in temporoparietal regions that comprise the @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ). Early syndrome-specific @entity194 mirrored functional brain networks underlying functions that are uniquely affected in each variant: Language network in lvPPA, posterior cingulate cortex-hippocampal circuit in amnestic EOAD and LOAD, and @entity227 in @entity194 . At more advanced stages, @entity194 patterns largely converged across @entity195 variants. These findings support a model in which neurodegeneration selectively targets both the @entity15131 and syndrome-specific vulnerable networks at the earliest clinical stages of @entity195 . Hum Brain Mapp, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Atrophy patterns in early clinical stages across distinct phenotypes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual networks']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Posterior cortical atrophy', 'atrophy', 'PCA']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['posterior default mode network', 'DMN']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: By a retrospective study and literature review we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Sentinel Node Biopsy (SNB) and @entity419 positron emission tomography (PET) for early detection of lymph node @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Every @entity1 presenting with a @entity320 without clinical lymph node involvement and a Breslow index over 1 mm or a recurrence was subjected to a preoperative PET scan and a sentinel node biopsy. Over a period of 10 months, 5 @entity1 were included. They were submitted to conventional staging techniques, PET and SNB. RESULTS: In none of the @entity1 the PET scan showed signs of lymph node involvement or distant @entity3 . However, two @entity1 , both with a Breslow index of 1.4, had micrometastases in the sentinel node. CONCLUSION: Already in this small group of @entity1 , PET scanning missed two @entity3 (40%). This is confirmed by several recent publications, stating that the resolution of positron emission tomography is about 5 mm and thus insufficient to detect micrometastases. Several larger series showed a sensitivity of PET to detect lymph node involvement of 15-50%. Therefore we conclude that PET is of limited use in these @entity1 without palpable lymph nodes. Sentinel node biopsy however proves to be a useful tool and should be considered in the initial staging of @entity320 without palpable lymph node or distant @entity3 .

title: Initial staging of XXXX by positron emission tomography and sentinel node biopsy.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether or not individuals with a normal body mass index (BMI) (18.5 kg/m(2)-24.9 kg/m(2)), but who also fulfill the criteria for the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) class, can be associated with @entity2998 . METHODS: The subjects were consecutive in- @entity1 with a normal BMI (18.5 kg/m(2)-24.9 kg/m(2)) in the Medical Department of Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital enrolled between September 1996 and February 2006. The subjects were 452 @entity1 aged 69+/-15 (mean+/-standard deviation) years and 542 @entity1 aged 74+/-13 years. Carotid @entity731 was assessed by carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) on B-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 with BMI 18.5 kg/m(2) to 20.9 kg/m(2), the odds ratios of the @entity209 were 2.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-4.76) for @entity1 with BMI 21 kg/m(2) to 22.9 kg/m(2) and 6.13 (95% CI, 3.57-10.5) for @entity1 with BMI 23.0 kg/m(2) to 24.9 kg/m(2) after controlling for age, smoking status, high low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and @entity414 . Using the same regression model and BMI categories in @entity1 , the odds ratios were 2.52 (95% CI, 1.42-2.83) and 4.38 (95% CI, 2.42-7.92), respectively. Multivariate-adjusted carotid @entity121 was significantly greater in @entity1 with than without @entity209 , especially in @entity1 with BMI 23.0 kg/m(2) to 24.9 kg/m(2). Although in @entity1 , there were no inter-group differences in categories of normal BMI and @entity209 . CONCLUSION: Individuals in the upper normal BMI range have a relatively high prevalence and are at increased risk of having @entity209 . Therefore, screening of individuals with normal or slightly elevated BMI is important in preventing @entity731 .

title: Carotid XXXX in normal-weight @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity9578 carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) biosynthesis is a multi-step process in which specific chaperones are involved. Recently, a novel polypeptide, @entity63866 ( @entity63866 ), has been identified as a protein that is necessary for proper assembly of this enzyme in @entity2829 cells ( @entity2829 ). However, neither its specific function nor its mode of action have as yet been determined. The results presented here show that the prokaryotic homolog of @entity63866 from @entity10414 is expressed in cyanobacterial cells and interacts with a large Rubisco subunit (RbcL). Using a heterologous expression system, it was demonstrated that this protein promotes Rubisco assembly in @entity526 cells. Moreover, when co-expressed with RbcL alone, a stable RbcL- @entity63866 complex is formed. Molecular mass determination for this Rubisco assembly intermediate by size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering indicates that it consists of an RbcL dimer and two @entity63866 molecules. A purified RbcL- @entity63866 complex dissociated upon addition of a small Rubisco subunit (RbcS), leading to formation of the active holoenzyme. Moreover, titration of the octameric (RbcL8) core of Rubisco with @entity63866 results in disassembly of such a stucture and creation of an RbcL- @entity63866 intermediate. The results presented here are the first attempt to elucidate the role of cyanobacterial @entity63866 in the Rubisco biosynthesis process.

title: Rubisco Accumulation Factor  1 from XXXX participates in the final stages of @entity9578 carboxylase/oxygenase assembly in @entity526 cells and in  vitro.

entities_list: @entity10414 :: ('146786', 'Species') :: ['Thermosynechococcus elongatus']

entities_list: @entity9578 :: ('MESH:C001933', 'Chemical') :: ['Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity10414 :: (146786,Species) :: ['Thermosynechococcus  elongatus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The frequency and characteristics of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) subtypes per the Third Universal Definition of @entity583 classification system using high-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin assays with sex-specific cutoffs is not well known. Our objective was to describe the diagnostic characteristics of type 1 (T1MI) and type 2 (T2MI) @entity583 using an @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) assay with sex-specific cutoffs. METHODS: A total of 310 consecutive @entity1 with serial @entity6949 measurements obtained on clinical indication were studied with contemporary and @entity6949 (hs- @entity6949 ) assays. Ninety-ninth percentile sex-specific upper reference limits (URLs) for the hs- @entity6949 assay were 16 ng/L for females and 34 ng/L for males. The Third Universal Definition of @entity583 consensus recommendations were used to define and adjudicate @entity583 . RESULTS: A total of 127 (41%) @entity1 had at least 1 hs- @entity6949 above the sex specific 99th percentiles, whereas 183 (59%) had an hs- @entity6949 within the reference interval. Females had more @entity296 related to supply/demand @entity63 than males (39% vs 18%, P = 0.01), whereas males had more multifactorial or indeterminate injury (52% vs 33%, P = 0.05). There were 32 (10%) acute MIs, among which 10 (3%) were T1MI and 22 (7%) were T2MI. T2MI represented 69% (22 out of 32) of all acute MIs, whereas T1MI represented 31% (10 out of 32). Ninety-five @entity1 (31%) had an increased hs- @entity6949 above the 99th percentile but did not meet criteria for acute @entity583 . The most common triggers for T2MI were @entity591 , @entity551 /shock, and @entity101 . CONCLUSIONS: We found there were fewer @entity583 diagnoses by the hs- @entity6949 assay, contrary to the commonly accepted idea that hs- @entity6949 will lead to excessive false-positive diagnoses.

title: Diagnosis of Type 1 and Type 2 @entity583 Using a High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Assay with Sex-Specific 99th Percentiles Based on the Third Universal Definition of XXXX Classification System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'hs-cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prognosis of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) @entity1 displaying @entity17558 (+12) remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the influence of the proportion of cells with +12, and other clinical and biologic factors, in time to first therapy (TTFT) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), in 289 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1072 carrying +12. Median @entity1349 was 129   months. One hundred seventy-four @entity1 (60.2%) presented +12 in <60% of cells. TTFT and @entity1349 for this subgroup were longer than for the subgroup with +12 in >= 60% of cells, with a median TTFT of 49   months (CI95%, 39-58) vs 30   months (CI95%, 22-38) (P   =   0.001); and a median @entity1349 of 159   months (CI95%, 119-182), vs 96   months (CI95%, 58-134) (P   =   0.015). Other factors associated with a shorter TTFT were: Binet stage, B symptoms, @entity3329 , @entity381 , high lymphocyte count, 11q-, high @entity6393 , and high LDH. In the multivariate analysis, clinical stage, +12 in >= 60% of cells, high lymphocyte count, B symptoms, and 11q- in addition, resulted of significance in predicting shorter TTFT. Significant variables for @entity1349 were: Binet stage, @entity3329 , @entity381 , high LDH, high @entity6393 , 11q-, and @entity3053 . In the multivariate analysis, only Binet stage, 11q-, and high @entity6393 significantly predicted @entity1349 . @entity1072 with +12 entails a heterogeneous group with intermediate prognosis. However, a high proportion of cells carrying +12 separates a subgroup of @entity1 with poor outcome. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: A high proportion of cells carrying @entity17558 is associated with a worse outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6393 :: ('3135', 'Gene') :: ['b2 microglobulin', 'b2microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'shorter OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED:     BACKGROUND: @entity455 , arising secondary to @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ) is unusual. There have also been a few reports of @entity50 ( @entity50 ) in @entity1906 . A case of @entity1906 , complicated simultaneously by @entity7025 and @entity50 , is being presented here. CASE: A 1-year-old @entity1 presented with febrile @entity75 , @entity391 , @entity410 and @entity1269 . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was suggestive of @entity1906 . Extensive @entity1188 were noted in the magnetic resonance imaging, involving @entity2500 (MCA), anterior cerebral artery and the left MCA. Magnetic resonance venogram revealed @entity50 and magnetic resonance angiography showed bilateral moyamoya pattern of @entity4065 . @entity1 was started on antitubercular therapy and low molecular weight heparin. CONCLUSIONS: Early vascular involvement affecting both arterial and venous structures has not hitherto been reported in @entity378 . Early recognition of secondary complications of @entity378 is crucial to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with @entity1906 .

title: A Combination of Moyamoya Pattern and Cerebral XXXX : A Case of Tubercular @entity455 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['right middle cerebral artery']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['TBM', 'tubercular meningitis']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya syndrome']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['CNS tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['left transverse venous sinus thrombosis', 'cerebral venous sinus thrombosis', 'CVST']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Venous Sinus Thrombosis']


abstract: AIM: To determine the efficacy of 0.1% @entity1140 ointment in @entity1 with perianal @entity30 ( @entity30 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective randomized trial enrolled 20 @entity1 with perianal @entity30 as anal fissures and @entity9292 . The inclusion criteria were rectovaginal or extrasphincteric @entity292 and purulent leakages. A study group comprised 11 @entity1 , including 9 with anal fissures and 2 with @entity292 . A control group included 9 @entity1 , including 8 with fissures and 1 with @entity292 . The study group received systemic therapy with @entity500 2 mg/kg/day and @entity1140 ointment 2 mg/day; the control group had systemic therapy with @entity500 2 mg/kg/day, hormone ointment 1 mg/day, and @entity868 suppositories 250 mg/day. Control examination and perianal @entity30 activity index (PCDAI) determination were done 6 and 12 weeks after therapy initiation. RESULTS: At 6 weeks after beginning the study, local examination revealed the signs of anal fissure epithelialization in 5 (45.5%) of the 11 @entity1 in the study group and in 3 (33.3%) of the 9 @entity1 in the control one. At 12 weeks, fissure epithelialization and @entity292 obliteration were stated in 6 (54%) @entity1 in the study group and in 3 (33%) of the 9 @entity1 in the control group. At 12 weeks, PCDAI in the study and control groups was 2.00 and 4.44 scores (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that topical 0.1% @entity1140 ointment versus antibacterial suppositories and hormone ointments is effective in treating @entity1 with perianal @entity30 . Topical 0.1% @entity1140 ointment therapy caused a reduction in PCDAI.

title: [Efficiency of XXXX therapy for perianal @entity30 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['rectal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: This paper reports the clinical syndrome of @entity879 ( @entity879 ) following liver transplantation. @entity879 was defined as the sudden onset of @entity1578 [ @entity75 and prolonged International Normalised Ratio (INR)] without arterial @entity715 in the setting of a liver allograft. FHf post-transplant was seen in 8/154 (5.2%) adult @entity1 undergoing transplantation. These eight @entity1 developed a clinical syndrome characterised by: (a) a rapid rise in ALT levels to above 1000 U/l (mean maximum 1600 U/l), (b) a sudden increase in the INR to above 5 (mean maximum 5.6), (c) the development of high fever, (d) the persistence of @entity882 (mean nadir 40 x 10(9)/dl), (e) a progressive rise in the @entity648 (mean maximum 400 mumol/l) and (f) the development of @entity99 . In seven cases this @entity751 following good initial graft function at day 6 post (mean)-transplant. In one case the above syndrome developed immediately after liver transplantation. Four of the eight @entity1 developed @entity177 associated with systemic @entity520 (mean pH 6.84). All of these @entity1 died (mean day 11). Four @entity1 developed systemic @entity5838 . Two of these four @entity1 underwent successful retransplantation (on days 12 and 13) and remain alive at a mean of 11 months post-transplant. Six of the eight @entity1 received OKT3 therapy without any apparent affect on clinical outcome. Compared to control group of @entity1 (n = 28), 8 versus 2/28 had a positive cross-match with donor lymphocytes (P = NS), 1/8 versus 7/28 were @entity6910 -non-identical (P = NS), 3/8 versus 10/21 had total @entity3998 mismatches (P = NS) and 5/7 versus 6/16 had UW ischemic times above 10 h (P = NS). No @entity1 had main hepatic artery @entity715 on angiography although four @entity1 had evidence of intrahepatic microthrombi or arterial @entity39 at autopsy. In all cases the histology showed massive @entity6243 . Three cases had evidence of @entity5501 whilst foam cell @entity4065 was seen in two cases. Immunofluorescence was performed in three cases. In two cases there was evidence of immunoglobulin, @entity465 in blood vessels. In conclusion, we describe an uncommon clinical syndrome occurring post liver transplant. This syndrome represents humorally mediated allograft rejection but there seems to be no relationship with tissue matching (antibody, @entity6910 , @entity3998 ) or donor ischaemic times. If recognised earlier in the absence of @entity177 , urgent retransplantation seems to be the only effective therapy.

title: XXXX post liver transplantation: clinical syndromes, correlations and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity6243 :: ('MESH:D006474', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure', 'FHF']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complement and fibrin deposition']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome occurred']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive lesions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['Fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: Late log-phase @entity526 B/r cells are 1.6 times more sensitive to killing by X rays than are stationary-phase cells when grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) + @entity413 . The number of single-chain breaks formed per krad is the same for log- and stationary-phase cells. Stationary-phase cells show a somewhat greater ability to repair single-chain breaks (especially after high doses of X rays) than do log-phase cells. The rapidity and extent of postirradiation deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) degradation are greater in log-phase cells than in stationary-phase cells. The enhanced viability exhibited by stationary-phase cells thus appears to correlate both with enhanced single-chain break repair and the reduced degradation of DNA. Cells grown to stationary phase in peptone medium (PO cells) are 3.4 times more sensitive to killing by X rays than cells grown to stationary phase in peptone medium supplemented with @entity413 and @entity1391 buffer (PG cells). The yield of single-strand breaks is the same for both types of cells (but the absolute yield is about two times higher than in the cells grown in BHI + @entity413 ). The kinetics for the repair of single-chain breaks are the same for both types of cells for about 30 min. After this time period, further repair ceases in the PO cells but continues in the PG cells, provided that @entity413 is present in the medium. Postirradiation DNA degradation is both more rapid and more extensive in PO cells than in PG cells whether or not @entity413 is present in the postirradiation incubation medium. The survival of stationary-phase @entity526 B/r grown in PO or PG medium is likewise unaffected by the presence of @entity413 in the plating medium, and thus correlates better with the lower DNA degradation seen in the PG cells than with the increased strand rejoining, since this latter process requires the presence of @entity413 .

title: Production and repair of radiochemical damage in XXXX deoxyribonucleic acid; its modification by culture conditions and relation to survival.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity1086 can be highly lethal @entity5 . Relatively little is known about the genetic abnormalities that underlie these @entity5 , particularly with respect to their timing in neoplastic progression. The authors evaluated 5 noninvasive @entity1141 and 33 invasive @entity1086 ( @entity4153 , 27 @entity4153 , of which 16 were accompanied by an in situ @entity189 component) for expression of the protein products of the @entity986 , @entity876 , @entity1594 , and @entity996 @entity5 suppressor genes by immunohistochemistry. @entity5 were also evaluated for the presence of activating @entity984 oncogene mutations. Seventy-five percent of @entity4153 demonstrated loss of @entity986 expression, whereas 63% accumulated high levels of @entity876 . Loss of @entity1594 and @entity996 expression was less frequent, seen in 19% and 4% of the @entity5 , respectively. Thirty percent of @entity5 harbored activating @entity984 mutations. In contrast, 100% of the @entity4153 of the gallbladder demonstrated inactivation of the @entity996 / @entity986 pathway; 67% showed loss of @entity996 expression, and the other 33% lost @entity986 expression. Eighty-three percent of @entity4153 accumulated high levels of @entity876 , whereas loss of @entity1594 expression and activating @entity984 mutations were not found. Among 15 evaluable in situ components, 13 harbored the same alterations found in the invasive component. Inactivation of @entity986 and @entity876 occur in the majority of @entity4153 . @entity1594 inactivation and @entity984 mutations occur in a significant minority of cases. @entity996 loss is uncommon in @entity4153 , but virtually all @entity4153 inactivate the @entity986 / @entity996 pathway, usually by @entity995 protein loss. It is noteworthy that all of these alterations occur at the level of @entity189 in situ.

title: Immunohistochemical and genetic analysis of non-small cell and small cell XXXX and their precursor lesions.

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['6 small cell carcinomas', 'non-small cell gallbladder carcinomas', 'non-small cell gallbladder carcinoma', 'non-small cell carcinomas', 'small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms', 'tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinomas', 'Gallbladder carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed severe @entity2142 due to donor-derived passenger lymphocytes is observed in minor and/or bidirectional ABO-mismatched transplants, especially after @entity146 ( @entity146 ). The incidence is reported in up to 30 percent of @entity1 and can result in @entity177 ( @entity177 ) and @entity204 . STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A first group of 32 @entity1 (historical control) underwent @entity146 followed by allogeneic hematopoietic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation at our institution. In 5 of 10 @entity1 with a minor and/or bidirectional ABO-mismatched graft, severe @entity2142 was observed, leading to @entity204 in 3 of them. Therefore, we initiated a protocol with prophylactic red blood cell (RBC) exchange in minor and/or bidirectional ABO mismatch of a second group of @entity1 (study group) and investigated the incidence of @entity2142 , transplant-related mortality (TRM), and overall survival (OS) and compared these data with the historical control group. Twenty-two of 80 @entity1 in the study group had a minor and/or bidirectional ABO-mismatched donor. RESULTS: In 20 @entity1 , a prophylactic RBC exchange was performed. Three @entity1 showed mild to moderate @entity1792 reactions, and in 1 @entity1 the procedure had to be stopped because of @entity551 . Eighteen of 20 @entity1 engrafted uneventfully, 1 @entity1 rejected his graft, and another 1 showed signs of mild @entity2142 . In the minor and/or bidirectional ABO-mismatched setting @entity1 in the study group had a lower risk for TRM at 1 year compared to @entity1 in the historical control group (16% vs. 53%, p < 0.05) and a better 1-year OS (65% vs. 40%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: RBC exchange is a safe procedure, reducing the incidence of delayed severe @entity2142 and thus the risk of TRM in minor and/or bidirectional ABO-mismatched cases.

title: Prophylactic red blood cell exchange for prevention of severe XXXX in minor ABO-mismatched allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation after @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced-intensity conditioning', 'RIC']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'MOF']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['immune hemolysis', 'hemolysis']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['immune hemolysis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aim of the present study was to investigate the relations between myocardial mechanics and the extent of @entity1184 and @entity82 in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). Forty-five consecutive @entity1 with @entity1121 and 15 subjects without structural @entity299 were included. Cardiac magnetic resonance with late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) imaging was performed to evaluate biventricular function, LV mass index and presence/extent of LGE, expression of replacement @entity82 . Myocardial T1 relaxation, a surrogate of @entity82 , was measured from Look-Locker sequence. Feature-tracking analysis was applied to LV basal, mid and apical short-axis images to assess systolic and diastolic global LV circumferential strain (CS) and strain rate ( @entity9362 ). Peak systolic CS and @entity9362 were significantly higher among @entity1121 @entity1 as compared to control subjects (p  =  0.015 and p  =  0.007, respectively). The ratio of peak @entity9362 during early filling to peak systolic @entity9362 was significantly lower among @entity1121 @entity1 (p  =  0.002). At multivariate linear regression analysis, LV mass index (p  <  0.001) and   %LV LGE (p  =  0.011) were significantly and independently related to peak systolic CS; LV mass index (p  <  0.001) and   %LV LGE (p  =  0.023) were significantly and independently related to peak systolic @entity9362 ;   %LV LGE (p  =  0.021) and T1 ratio (p  =  0.006) were significantly and independently related to the ratio of peak @entity9362 during early filling to peak systolic @entity9362 . LV systolic mechanics are enhanced and LV diastolic mechanics are impaired in @entity1121 . Extent of @entity1184 and replacement @entity82 influence the LV systolic mechanics while extent of replacement @entity82 and @entity82 influence the LV diastolic mechanics.

title: Systolic and diastolic myocardial mechanics in @entity1121 and their link to the extent of @entity1184 , replacement XXXX and @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Quantifying population exposure level to @entity286 smoke is important for investigating its adverse effects on @entity1 health. We aimed to investigate the feasibility and application of using population hair concentrations of @entity1239 and @entity4874 to indicate their exposure level to @entity286 smoke among pregnant @entity1 . Our study recruited 256 mothers who delivered healthy babies and collected their hair samples from scalp, of which 172 mothers were self-reported non-passive smokers and the other 84 mothers were self-reported passive smokers. We analyzed @entity1239 and @entity4874 concentrations of the hair section grown during the early pregnancy. The linear relationship between @entity4874 and @entity1239 was developed and validated by internal cross-validation method. Our results revealed that self-reported passive smokers had higher concentrations of @entity1239 [2.08 (1.00-4.46) ng/mg hair, i.e. median value (inter-quartile range)] and @entity4874 [0.063 (0.041-0.148) ng/mg hair] than non-passive smokers [1.35 (0.58-2.59) ng/mg hair of @entity1239 and 0.049 (0.022-0.087) ng/mg hair of @entity4874 , respectively]. There existed a linear regression model between hair @entity4874 and @entity1239 concentrations, i.e. [ @entity4874 ]  =  0.024  *  [ @entity1239 ]+0.0184 (R(2)  =  0.756) for this population. The internal cross-validation squared correlation coefficient slightly increased from 0.689 to 0.734 with the training subjects varying from 20% to 90%, suggesting that this regression model had high robustness and predictive accuracy. It was concluded that @entity1239 in maternal hair can evaluate the hair @entity4874 level and reflect maternal passive exposure level to ambient @entity286 smoke with high sensitivity.

title: Using @entity1239 in scalp hair to assess maternal passive exposure to XXXX smoke.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: The effect of @entity53 -17beta (E(2)) implants on the in vitro secretion of @entity4090 (PRL) and its modulation by vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ) in a marine teleost, sea bream (Sparus aurata L.), was determined. Experiments were conducted during winter and spring. During winter, fish (n=130, body weight 50-70 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups; control and E(2) treated (10 mg/kg, wet weight). Fish were sacrificed after 7 days treatment and in vitro pituitary cultures in Ringer bicarbonate supplemented with increasing doses (0-200 nM) of @entity3549 were carried out for 18 h. Culture medium was analysed by PAGE and secreted PRL quantified by densitometry. Fish treated with E(2) secreted significantly more PRL (P<0.05) in vitro than control fish. In E(2) primed fish @entity3549 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of PRL secretion in vitro. @entity3549 had no detectable effect on the secretion of PRL from control pituitaries. Treatment with E(2) had a different effect during spring; PRL secretion was significantly decreased (P<0.01) compared with the control fish. Anatomical evidence of abundant @entity3549 immunoreactive nerve fibres in neurohypophysial (NH) tissue penetrating the rostral pars distalis provide further evidence supporting an action for @entity3549 in the regulation of PRL cells. In conclusion, the responsiveness of PRL in the pituitary gland varied with season. Moreover, in the sea bream @entity3549 appears to modulate PRL secretion from E(2) primed pituitary glands.

title: The regulatory action of estrogen and vasoactive intestinal peptide on XXXX secretion in sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.).

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examines stress factors, resources of coping, psychopathological symptoms and their influence on health-related quality of life (QoL) in @entity1 after heart or lung transplantation. METHODS: 82 @entity1 were examined with the questionnaires SF-36 (QoL), HADS-D ( @entity148 and @entity308 ), IES-R and PTSS-10 (post traumatic @entity66 , @entity1005 ) 32.3 (4-86) months after transplantation. Stress factors, resources and diagnostic criteria for @entity1005 were investigated by structured interview. RESULTS: In the entire sample, @entity148 , @entity308 and QoL were in the range of normal population. A subgroup of 13 @entity1 with a @entity1005 diagnose had significantly reduced QoL. @entity148 and intrusion explained the 42 % variance of psychosocial score of QOL. CONCLUSIONS: There was a lower influence of @entity308 on the medical score of QoL. Psychological symptoms such as @entity148 , @entity308 and @entity1005 significantly influence QoL after heart or lung transplantation. @entity1 with a @entity1005 diagnose had poor QoL. Screening for @entity1005 should be part of routine evaluation after organ transplantation.

title: [The influence of @entity148 , @entity308 and post traumatic XXXX on quality of life after thoracic organ transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['stress disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE:       Digital pathology diagnostics are often based on subjective qualitative measures. A @entity19 model of early-phase @entity1124 provides a controlled environment with a priori knowledge of the genetic mutation and stage of the disease. Use of this model enables the application of supervised learning methods to digital pathology. A computerized diagnostics system for histological detection of @entity788 was developed and tested. METHODS  : Pathological H_E-stained specimens with early @entity660 were identified and evaluated with a system that models @entity5 detection using a top-down object learning paradigm, mimicking the way a pathologist learns. First, the dominant primitives were identified and segmented in the images, i.e., the ducts, nuclei and @entity5 stroma. A boost-based machine learning technique was used for duct segmentation, classification and outlier pruning. Second, a set of morphological features traditionally used for @entity5 diagnosis which provides quantitative image features was employed to quantify subtle findings such as duct deformation and nuclei malformations. Finally, a visually interpretable predictive model was trained to distinguish between normal tissue and @entity5 lesions, given ground truth samples. RESULTS  : A predictive success rate of 92  % was achieved using tenfold cross-validation and 93  % on an independent test set. Comparison was made with state-of-the-art classification algorithms that are not interpretable as visible features yielded the contribution of individual primitive features to the prediction outcome. CONCLUSIONS  : Quantitative image analysis and classification were successful in preclinical histology diagnosis for early-stage @entity788 . The usage of annotated contours coupled with interpretable supervised learning methods and outlier pruning can be adapted to other medical imaging tasks. The usage of interpretable supervised learning techniques may improve the success of CAD in histopathological diagnosis.

title: Computer-aided diagnostics in digital pathology: automated evaluation of early-phase XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'premalignant cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The present paper covers the health benefits of low glycaemic index foods, such as pulses. Nutritional factors potentially play a crucial role in health and disease. A low-fat, high- @entity1735 diet is often recommended as a part of a healthy life-style. Historical works have shown that @entity1735 foods differ in their ability to affect post-ingestive glycaemia. The glycaemic index concept allows a ranking of @entity1735 -rich foods in terms of their blood @entity413 raising potential. Pulses are foods with very low glycaemic index values. Numerous studies have documented the health benefits that can be obtained by selecting foods of low glycaemic index. These benefits are of crucial importance in the dietary treatment of @entity6 : glycaemic control is improved as well as several metabolic parameters, such as blood lipids. The results of @entity1 studies have been confirmed by animal experiments in the field of @entity6 . Diets with low glycaemic index value improve the prevention of @entity301 in @entity6 and healthy subjects. In @entity28 or overweight individuals, low-glycaemic index meals increase satiety and facilitate the control of food intake. Selecting low glycaemic index foods has also demonstrated benefits for healthy @entity1 in terms of post-prandial @entity413 and lipid metabolism. Several public health organizations have recently integrated consideration of the glycaemic index in their nutritional recommendations for @entity1 with @entity209 and for the general population.

title: Health benefits of low glycaemic index foods, such as pulses, in XXXX @entity1 and healthy individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Intravenous (i.v.) treatment of conscious @entity8147 -salt @entity101 @entity35 with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Labiatae) (EOOG) induced a @entity551 effect that seems related to an active vascular relaxation rather than withdrawal of sympathetic tone. To corroborate this hypothesis, the present study examined the vascular effects of EOOG and its main constituent, @entity4744 (EUG) and the putative mechanisms underlying these effects. Additionally, the role of the vascular beta(2)-adrenergic mechanism in the mediation of EOOG-induced @entity551 has also been investigated. In conscious @entity8147 -salt @entity101 @entity35 , the EOOG-induced @entity551 was reversible and remained unchanged by i.v. pretreatment with @entity1169 (2 mg/kg). In isolated aorta preparations with intact endothelium from @entity8147 -salt @entity101 @entity35 , EOOG (1-1000 microg/mL) and EUG (0.006-6 mM) relaxed the @entity2647 -induced contraction similarly with IC(50) [geometric mean (95% confidence interval)] values of 226.9 (147.8-348.3) microg/mL and 1.2 (0.6-2.1) mm, respectively. Vasorelaxant effects of EOOG were significantly altered by removal of the vascular endothelium [IC(50) = 417.2 (349.5-497.8) microg/mL]. In a @entity460 -free medium, the @entity3282 -induced contractions were significantly reduced and even abolished by EOOG at 300 and 1000 microg/mL, respectively, whereas EOOG (1000 microg/mL) did not have any significant effect on @entity5834 -induced contractions. Similar results were obtained with EUG (1.8 and 6 mM) on both @entity3282 - and @entity5834 -induced contractions, respectively. The data suggest that @entity551 responses to EOOG in @entity8147 -salt @entity101 @entity35 are due to an active vascular relaxation, which is partly dependent upon the integrity of the vascular endothelium and seems predominantly mediated through an inhibition of plasmalemmal @entity141 influx rather than @entity141 -induced @entity141 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

title: Pharmacological evidence of XXXX -channel blockade by essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum and its main constituent, @entity4744 , in isolated aortic rings from @entity8147 -salt @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Adequate muscle mass is critical for @entity1 health. The molecular pathways regulating maintenance and growth of adult skeletal muscle are little understood. @entity14855 (CN) is implicated as a key signaling molecule in @entity1184 . Whether CN is involved in all forms of muscle growth or in different muscles is unknown. Here, we examine the role of CN in regulating maintenance of muscle size and growth of @entity2057 in the soleus (slow) and plantaris (fast). The CN inhibitor @entity205 (CsA) differentially affects muscle growth and maintenance depending on muscle phenotype. The plantaris is more severely affected by @entity870 than the soleus in both growth conditions. One-week vs. 2-wk CsA treatment suggests that both CN-dependent and CN-independent growth occur in the atrophied soleus, whereas plantaris growth appears to be totally CN dependent. Our results suggest that CN regulates multiple types of muscle growth, depending both on muscle phenotype and stage of myofiber growth. Differential expression of components of the CN pathway occurs and may contribute to the differences between muscles.

title: XXXX differentially regulates maintenance and growth of phenotypically distinct muscles.

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['atrophied muscle']

answer: @entity14855 :: (CHEBI:53439,Chemical) :: ['Calcineurin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plasma neurohormones were analyzed for prediction of adverse outcomes and response to treatment in 415 @entity1 with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction randomly assigned to receive @entity1405 or placebo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Atrial natriuretic peptide, @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ), or @entity1063 (NE) levels above the group median were associated with increased mortality rates and heart failure. On multivariate analysis, both @entity3876 and NE interacted with treatment to predict death or heart failure independent of age, New York Heart Association class, and left ventricular ejection fraction. For placebo, supramedian levels of @entity3876 were associated with 3-fold the mortality rate of inframedian levels (20/104; 19% vs 6/99; 6%; P<0.01). For @entity1405 , mortality rate was comparable in these 2 subgroups (12/109; 11% vs 8/94; 9%; NS). Corresponding rates for heart failure were 29/104 (28%) versus 3/99 (3%; P<0.001) for placebo and 16/109 (15%) versus 7/94 (7%; NS) for @entity1405 . High NE levels did not predict additional benefit from @entity1405 , which significantly reduced heart failure admissions only in those with NE levels below the median (13.1% to 4. 0%; P<0.01). In the 23% of the study population with supramedian @entity3876 but inframedian levels of NE, @entity1405 reduced hospital admission with heart failure by >90% (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1405 reduced mortality rates and heart failure in those with higher pretreatment @entity3876 levels but lesser activation of plasma NE. Neurohumoral profiling may guide introduction of beta-blockade in heart failure.

title: Neurohumoral prediction of benefit from XXXX in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol', 'Carvedilol']

answer: @entity1405 :: (MESH:C043211,Chemical) :: ['carvedilol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize available data concerning pathophysiology and management of @entity3152 and their use in clinical practice. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology od the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General Teaching Hospital, Prague. DESIGN: Review article. METHODS: Compilation od published data from scientific literature. CONCLUSION: Birth canal infections seem to play a key role in the ethiopathogenesis of @entity3465 ; the related biochemical changes significantly affect perinatal morbidity and mortality. Other potential causes, particularly hormone @entity209 or uteroplacental ischaemia have been intensively studied. The particular pathogenetic process of @entity3465 is @entity32 . This process is related to both mother and fetus. Fetal inflammatory response (FIRS)--can occur without maternal response--is connected with significant increase in perinatal morbidity. FIRS is characterised by defined laboratory, histological and clinical criteria. Effective primary prevention of @entity3465 does not exist at present. The sensitivity and specificity of the laboratory markers having been used so far is low. Thus, the research is focused on finding new @entity32 markers to allow early identification of pregnant @entity1 at a high risk of @entity32 . The screening of @entity1 at a high risk by means of new laboratory and ultrasound tests belongs to the most important steps in secondary and tertiary prevention of @entity3465 . Intensive research of potential trigger mechanisms has been carried out, including a variety of gene types, which are potentially related to the process of @entity3465 . We try to exercise new informations about pathophysiology of @entity3152 in prenatal care, firstly about thrombophillias and gestagens. We also use a principles of "evidence based medicine" and revalue importance of @entity230 , tocolytics and antibiotics.

title: [News in pathophysiology and management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'premature delivery and fetal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism disorders']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Presentation of Onyx outcomes in the embolization of @entity853 , regarding the clinical efficacy and safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 29 years old female @entity1 , with a @entity1462 of the right upper thigh complicated with skin @entity1066 , healed in 2011, referred for light @entity158 and @entity2701 at the site of the lesion. Physical examination revealed a scar of a previous @entity1066 , extensive venous collateral network and tenuous expandability of the @entity600 . Angiography revealed a high @entity1462 , with arterial and venous component, through branches of the internal iliac, common and profunda femoral arteries, involving the right thigh, from the root to the middle third, on the lateral side. @entity1 was proposed for arterial catheterization and endovascular embolization, which consisted in five embolization sessions with an interval of 3 weeks, through contralateral femoral catheterization, firstly with coils; in the remaining, it was decided to embolize with Onyx, through distal catheterization of the sinus with microcatheter. RESULTS: All sessions coursed without major complications, registering @entity158 complains on the first post-procedure day which reversed with anti-inflammatory medication. There was no skin @entity39 or significant elevation of tissue @entity39 markers. Distal embolization of @entity600 sinus with Onyx was achieved in all sessions without significant reflux or recurrence of the embolized branch, with decreased of the sinus size, no @entity158 complaints and the lack of expandability after the 5 sessions. CONCLUSION: Used primarily in @entity1504 , there is now a growing utilization of Onyx in the embolization of extracranial @entity600 , given the physical properties, with promising initial results, particularly in high-flow injuries. A recent study demonstrated a significant @entity600 sinus, low rate of recanalization and re-expansion, with high clinical safety. The clinical result of this @entity1 demonstrated the high efficacy and safety in the use of embolic agent, making its use promising in the treatment of a wide range of @entity1462 .

title: [The use of Onyx in the embolization of XXXX : Efficacy and safety].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial vascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation', 'reduction of the malformation']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['flow vascular malformation', 'vascular malformations', 'vascular malformation']

answer: @entity853 :: (MESH:D009139,Disease) :: ['extracranial vascular malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: DNA repair mechanisms, environment-mediated drug resistance and @entity5 initiating cells (CIC) are three major research concepts that can explain the chemoresistance of @entity43 ( @entity43 ). The objective was to test if changes in the expression of potential markers associated with drug resistance before and after chemotherapy would correlate with @entity902 resistance, defined as a recurrence within the first year after chemotherapy cessation, and with survival, in advanced @entity43 . METHODS: We included 32 @entity1 with stage IIIC-IV @entity43 who underwent laparoscopy to evaluate the extent of @entity189 , neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( @entity3003 / @entity1311 ) and interval surgery. Biopsies taken during the initial laparoscopies and interval surgeries were evaluated using immunohistochemistry for the expression of 7 proteins: @entity2467 , @entity1759 and @entity14215 to evaluate CIC; @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity1841 to evaluate environment-mediated drug resistance; and @entity11833 to evaluate DNA repair. Expression measurements were correlated with @entity3908 resistance and survival. The markers' relevance was confirmed in vitro using chemoresistance tests and flow cytometric measurements of the proportion of @entity1759 + cells. RESULTS: 17 @entity1 were chemoresistant and 15 @entity1 were chemosensitive. We observed increases in @entity1759 , @entity650 and @entity11833 expression and stable @entity14215 , @entity2467 , @entity687 , and @entity1841 expression. Reduced expression of @entity5 initiating cell markers and increased expression of environment-mediated drug resistance markers were associated with poor prognosis. We also demonstrated that @entity1759 + cells had survival advantages in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in @entity1759 and @entity687 expression on @entity5 cells appeared to correlate with overall survival and should be further tested as predictors of chemoresistance using larger cohort.

title: Predictive markers of chemoresistance in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['stages epithelial ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: The medical records of 66 surviving @entity1 born with @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) were reviewed to determine which factors are involved in the development of a recurrent @entity547 . Fifty-seven @entity1 had a left-sided defect and 9 @entity1 had a right sided defect. In 54 @entity1 the defect was closed primarily and 12 @entity1 required a prosthetic patch. Nine of the 66 @entity1 (14%)--5 @entity1 (9%) with a left-sided defect and 4 @entity1 (44%) with a right-sided defect--developed a recurrent @entity547 on the average of 4.0 months (range 0.2-6.9) after the initial repair. Except for one, all @entity1 with a recurrence presented with dyspnoea (n = 5) and/or feeding problems (n = 6). Of these 9 recurrences 4 @entity1 (7%) had primary closure of the defect and in 5 @entity1 (42%) a prosthetic patch was required. Four of the 11 @entity1 (36%) who needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) had a recurrence versus 5 @entity1 (9%) who were conventionally treated. A hernial sac was found in 4 @entity1 during the repair of the recurrent @entity547 . In 3 of them the initial defect was closed primarily. In conclusion, large-patch repaired defects and right-sided defects are risk factors for the development of a recurrent @entity547 . Furthermore the lack of a biological union between the sutured patch and the diaphragm tissue remnants is likely to be the cause of a reherniation. Meticulous inspection for a hernial sac during the initial operation could reduce the incidence of a reherniation.

title: Recurrent XXXX ; which factors are involved?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Assessing retention rate and risk factor for drug discontinuation is important for drug evaluation. We examined a 3-year retention rate and the risk factor for discontinuation due to insufficient efficacy (IE) and adverse events (AE) in Japanese @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) who are receiving etanercept ( @entity13469 ). METHODS: Data were collected from 588 @entity1 treated with @entity13469 as a first biologic from the Tsurumai Biologics Communication Registry. Baseline characteristics for the incidence of both IE and AE were analyzed using the Cox proportional-hazards regression model. @entity1 were divided into groups based on age and concomitant @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). Drug retention rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared among groups using the log-rank test. RESULTS: @entity13469 monotherapy without concomitant @entity1500 [ @entity1500 ] was significantly related to a higher incidence of discontinuation due to IE [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.226, 95% CI 1.363-3.634]. Older age and @entity1500 were significantly related to a higher incidence of discontinuation due to AE [HR = 1.040, 1.746, 95% CI 1.020-1.060, 1.103-2.763, respectively]. The @entity1500 />=  65 years group had the lowest retention rate (p < 0.001). The discontinuation rate due to IE was lower in the @entity1500 /< 65 years group compared to < 65 years/ @entity1500 , >=  65 years/ @entity1500 group (p = 0.006, p < 0.001, respectively). The discontinuation rate due to AE was highest in the @entity1500 />=  65 years group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the risk of discontinuation due to IE was high in the @entity1 who did not use concomitant @entity1500 and that the risk of discontinuation due to AE was high in elderly @entity1 who did not use concomitant @entity1500 .

title: Longterm retention rate and risk factor for discontinuation due to insufficient efficacy and adverse events in Japanese @entity1 with XXXX receiving etanercept therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity1159 alter the mechanical properties of articular and @entity2383 . Reversibility of a contracture depends on the restoration of the elasticity of both structures. We determined the differential contribution of articular and @entity2383 to @entity1159 during spontaneous recovery. @entity35 (250, divided into 24 groups) had one knee joint surgically fixed in flexion for six different durations, from 1 to 32 wk, creating @entity1159 of various severities. After the fixation was removed, the animals were left to spontaneously recover for 1 to 48 wk. After the recovery periods, animals were killed and the knee extension was measured before and after division of the transarticular posterior muscles using a motorized arthrometer. No articular limitation had developed in contracture of recent onset ( <=2 wk of fixation, P > 0.05); muscular limitations were responsible for the majority of the contracture (34    8   and 38    6  , respectively; both P < 0.05). Recovery for 1 and 8 wk reversed the muscular limitation of contractures of recent onset (1 and 2 wk of fixation, respectively). Long-lasting contractures (>= 4 wk of fixation) presented @entity16913 , irreversible in all 12 durations of recovery compared with controls (all 12 P < 0.05). @entity1159 of recent onset were primarily due to @entity2383 , and they were reversible during spontaneous recovery. Long-lasting contractures were primarily due to articular structures and were irreversible. Comprehensive temporal and quantitative data on the differential reversibility of mechanically significant alterations in articular and @entity2383 represent novel evidence on which to base clinical practice.

title: Quantitative and temporal differential recovery of articular and muscular limitations of XXXX ; results in a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity16913 :: ('MESH:C535884', 'Disease') :: ['articular limitations']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['Knee flexion contractures', 'joint contractures', 'knee flexion contractures', 'Joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['muscular structures']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['knee joint contractures']


abstract: @entity167 exposure during pregnancy is a well-recognized public health problem. Accurate assessment of prenatal @entity167 exposure is especially important to identify @entity1 in need of intervention. In this study, a 36-item prenatal questionnaire was utilized to survey a representative sample of prenatal care providers to examine prevalence rates of exposure. The questionnaire included three common screening tools for @entity167 use during pregnancy and the items necessary to establish a maternal risk profile. In North Dakota, 1081 pregnant @entity1 were included in the sample. Eighty (7.4%) were Native American and 952 (88%) were White. The @entity13982 screening tool was positive for 253 (23.4%) of the @entity1 . Native American @entity1 had a 71% increase in positive @entity13982 screenings compared to White @entity1 . Logistic regression was used to develop a high-risk model. The data from prenatal care can also be used for maternal risk stratification. Early identification can provide opportunity for early interventions to decrease total exposure during pregnancy and to improve the outcome for the @entity1 .

title: Prenatal XXXX exposure assessment: multiple embedded measures in a prenatal questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']