abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical efficacy of functional electrical therapy in the rehabilitation of grasping function for quadriplegics. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized intervention-versus-control trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital for @entity1566 in Toronto, Canada. METHODS: A total of 21 @entity1 with new @entity1566 ranging from C3 to C7 were randomly assigned to two groups: Control (N=9) and Intervention (N=12). The intervention was functional electrical therapy, which consisted of repetitive grasping exercises using a neuroprosthesis that applied surface electrical stimulation to the arm to generate and/or assist grasping movements. It was applied by registered Occupational Therapists in a clinical setting. Main outcome measures were: Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM), and the Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory Hand Function Test. Consumer perceptions of functional electrical therapy were assessed via qualitative interviews. RESULTS: Differences between the Control and Intervention groups could be observed although they are not significant due to an insufficient number of @entity1 . Consumer perceptions were positive, including improved Activities of Daily Living and self-satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Functional electrical therapy has the potential to be an effective treatment modality to restore grasping function in @entity1688 . It can be implemented by occupational therapists in a clinical setting. Further research is required to establish suitable indications for @entity1 selection. In addition, a larger number of @entity1 is needed to demonstrate statistical significance of the Functional Electrical Therapy.

title: Functional electrical therapy: retraining grasping in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Questions remain concerning the physiologic capabilities of the right @entity432 as a bypass graft in the clinical setting. Our last 90 consecutive pedicle right @entity432 grafts were prepared with intraluminal @entity3302 and @entity1855 . Our series comprised 81 male and 9 female @entity1 with average body surface areas of 1.92 m2. Ages ranged from 11 to 79 years (mean 57.2 years). A second to fourth revascularization was undertaken in 32 @entity1 (35.5%). The following arteries were bypassed: posterior descending artery, 63; right coronary artery, 23; distal right, 4; circumflex, 2; left anterior descending, 1; and diagonal, 1. Free flow rates ranged from 42 to 660 ml/min (mean 179.96 ml/min). Internal diameters measured 1.5 to 4.0 mm (mean 2.20 mm) at the anastomotic sites. Pedicle lengths ranged from 16 to 26 cm (mean 19.2 cm). Inotropic support was required in 11 @entity1 (12%) and had no adverse effects on right @entity432 grafts. There were 2 hospital deaths (2.2%). Angina has recurred in 6 @entity1 . One @entity1 with @entity296 required transplantation 2 years after coronary bypass grafting. Repeat angiography showed widely patent grafts in 18 @entity1 and generalized narrowing in 4 grafts. In only 2 @entity1 of our total experience has right @entity432 grafting been aborted because of inadequate conduit size. One right @entity432 had visible @entity731 . This study shows that distal right @entity432 sizes are comparable with sizes of target coronary arteries. However, neither flow nor size is as consistent when compared with internal thoracic artery grafts. Higher flow rates are related to graft anatomic characteristics and larger body surface areas. Spasm, secondary to harvest in these vasoreactive grafts, can be managed appropriately by intraluminal vasodilating drugs. However, use of the right @entity432 should be avoided in a setting with possible competition of flow.

title: Right XXXX used for coronary artery bypass grafting. Evaluation of flow characteristics and size.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['gastroepiploic artery']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['gastroepiploic artery']


abstract: Stress-induced neuroendocrine activities influence the regulation of endocrine glands and axes. Weight loss-related @entity1640 amenorrhea is a typical stress-induced physiopathological condition. It is characterized by increased adrenal cortex activation and by reduced GH, LH, FSH and gonadal @entity134 hormone levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of @entity48858 , a neurotropic drug (1800 mg/day for 7 days) or placebo administration on ACTH, @entity701 , GH, LH, FSH and PRL plasma levels in @entity1 with @entity1640 amenorrhea related to @entity353 . Hormonal parameters and the pulsatile release of @entity701 (6-hour pulsatility, sampling every 10 minutes) were evaluated before and after 7 days of treatment. @entity48858 administration significantly reduced mean plasma ACTH (from 21.7+/-1.7 to 15.4+/-1.2 pg/ml, p<0.05) and @entity701 levels (from 12.2+/-0.7 to 9.7+/-0.7 ng/ml, p<0.05) and increased GH levels (from 1.4+/-0.5 to 3.0+/-0.9 ng/ml, p<0.05). A significant reduction of @entity701 pulse amplitude was observed (p<0.01) while no change in pulse frequency occurred. No changes were observed in placebo-treated subjects. LH, FSH and PRL levels were not modified by placebo or @entity48858 administration. In conclusion, in @entity1 with @entity1640 amenorrhea related to @entity353 @entity48858 induced a significant decrease of @entity701 secretion and an increase of GH release by @entity48858 administration, suggesting that this drug exerts a specific neuroendocrine modulatory role.

title: @entity48858 decreases stress-related hormone secretion in @entity1 with XXXX amenorrhea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity48858 :: ('MESH:C038979', 'Chemical') :: ['Pivagabine', 'pivagabine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic']


abstract: Risk factors for @entity3146 have most often been studied in high-grade lesions. Furthermore, in a high proportion of the studies, @entity1082 ), the most significant risk determinant of cervical @entity5 , was not taken into account when evaluating other risk factors. To compare risk factors for ASCUS (atypical cells of undetermined significance), @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) and @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ), we conducted a case-control study among 20 to 29 year-old @entity1 participating in a prospective cohort study in Copenhagen. It included 131 @entity1 with ASCUS, 120 @entity1 with @entity2784 , 79 @entity1 with @entity2784 and 1,000 randomly chosen, cytologically normal, control @entity1 . All @entity1 had a personal interview and a gynecological examination including a Pap smear and cervical swabs for HPV DNA detection using general primer-mediated polymerase chain reaction. The most significant risk determinant of all 3 disease categories was the presence of genital HPV DNA. The risk factor pattern was nearly identical for ASCUS and @entity2784 , but differed significantly from that for @entity2784 . Stratified analysis by HPV-status showed that, apart from, respectively, smoking and parity among HPV-positive @entity1 , and smoking and number of sex partners among HPV-negative @entity1 , no additional risk factors were observed for ASCUS and @entity2784 . In contrast, among HPV-negative @entity1 with @entity2784 , long-term use of oral contraceptives was the most important risk factor. However, our result should be taken with great caution as it is based on very small numbers, and as it is unknown whether the HPV-negative lesions constitute a true entity. Among HPV-positive @entity1 , the risk of @entity2784 was associated with e.g., years of sex life without barrier contraceptive use, early age at first genital warts and smoking. Whether the risk factors that are applicable only to @entity2784 represent factors related to progression remains unknown.

title: Different risk factor patterns for high-grade and low-grade intraepithelial lesions on the cervix among HPV-positive and HPV-negative young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'LSIL', 'HSIL', 'high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIM: In Germany computer-assisted hip replacement (CAHR), e. g., ROBODOC, has been carried out in several thousand cases. After a period of enthusiasm, the technique now faces growing resistance from both @entity1 and physicians. After CAHR many @entity1 complain about persistent @entity158 and problems with walking. Due to these problems, @entity1 very often ask whether they have a @entity128 . In general, it is important to know whether or not there is a specific risk of @entity128 with CAHR. At present neurological data are inconsistent, and neurophysiological studies have not yet been reported. METHODS: We have analysed a case series of 29 @entity1 after CAHR with ROBODOC in 30 operated joints. All @entity1 underwent a systematic neurological and neurophysiological examination. RESULTS: In 3 out of 30 operated sites functionally relevant @entity128 were found, which led to disability in the first year after surgery. @entity2319 due to @entity128 was not found. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence of a specific risk of @entity128 after CAHR. The incidence of @entity16 in the first year after operation might be higher than in classical hip replacement (3.1 %).

title: [Nerve injuries after computer-assisted hip replacement: case series with 29 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['partial and transient nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury', 'nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['Permanent disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The question was asked whether kinetics of CA19-9 would serve as a predictor of chemotherapeutic outcome in advanced @entity788 treated with @entity136 and @entity900 . Twenty one @entity1 , 5 females and 16 males (median age 56 yrs, range 36-71 yrs) suffering from @entity420 of the exocrine pancreas were analysed. Chemotherapy was applied for a median of 6 courses (range 2-21). Four @entity1 achieved a complete remission, four a partial remission (OR = 38%), while stable disease was documented in 8 and progressive disease in 5 @entity1 . Among 4 CR @entity1 , all demonstrated a significant decline of CA 19-9 levels during the initial three treatment courses with apparent half-lifes of 15, 18, 24, and 33 days. At a cut-off level of 37 U/mL, all CR @entity1 reached normal values in the course of treatment. All @entity1 achieving PR showed a decrease of CA 19-9 values at apparent half-lifes of 9, 16, 88 and 89 days. Among @entity1 with stable disease, CA19-9 transiently decreased in 7/8 @entity1 and remained stable in 1 @entity1 . However, values increased later in all @entity1 after a median of 3 treatment courses (range 2-9). In @entity1 with disease progression, CA 19-9 initially increased in 4/5 @entity1 , while a further @entity1 did so only beyound 100 days of treatment. In conclusion, kinetics of CA19-9 serum concentration may serve as an early indicator of response to @entity136 / @entity900 chemotherapy in advanced @entity788 .

title: CA19-9: a pedictor of response in XXXX treated with @entity136 and @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand the coinfection status of @entity2069 sensu lato (B.b.s.l) and spotted @entity221 group Rickettsia (SFGR) in Hunchun of Jilin province, China. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer of B. b. s. l and ompA of SFGR in ticks was collected in Hunchun,Jilin province. The amplification products of positive ticks were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted by PHYLIP software package. RESULTS: The infection rate of B. b. s. l was 36.0% in @entity10054 ticks and the SFGR was discovered in @entity10054 ticks,with an infection rate of 2.0%. The coinfection rate of both agents was 2.0%. In 327 Dermacentor siltarum ticks, the positive rates of B. b. s. l and SFGR were 30.9% and 29.1% respectively. 55 ticks (16.8%) were coinfected with the two pathogens. The sequence analysis of B. b. s. l showed that the B. b. s. l in Jilin area, which were highly homologous, all belonged to @entity25974 genotypes. The sequence analysis of SFGR positive products showed that the DNA secquence of the newly detected agent (JL-95) was close to the two previously described rickettsiae which were detected in I. ricinus from Slovakia (called IRS3 and IRS4). Phylogenetic relationships inferred from the comparison of these sequences with those of other genus Rickettsiae indicated that JL-95, IRS3 and IRS4 constituted a new rickettsial genotype and formed a separate cluster among the spotted @entity221 group Rickettsiae. CONCLUSION: Coinfection of B. b. s. l and SFGR existed in Hunchun, Jilin province. The sequencing of specific fragment confirmed a new SFGR which was different from other rickettsiae known in China.

title: [Study on the coinfection status of XXXX sensu lato and spotted @entity221 group Rickettsia in ticks from Hunchun, Jilin province].

entities_list: @entity10054 :: ('34615', 'Species') :: ['Ixodes persulcatus', 'I. persulcatus']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

answer: @entity2069 :: (139,Species) :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the carrier rate of @entity328 and the susceptibility of @entity2260 to 10 different antimicrobial drugs among @entity1 in China. METHODS: Nasopharageal swab specimens were collected from randomly selected 3578 out- @entity1 with @entity1729 aged 1 month to 5 years in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou 2000-2002 so as to isolate @entity2260 . The susceptibility of these strains to @entity2929 and @entity3405 antibiotics ( @entity114 , @entity115 / @entity798 , @entity5504 , @entity2261 and @entity2756 ) was determinated by E-test MIC method, and the susceptibility to @entity2755 , @entity803 , @entity207 / @entity206 and @entity2177 was determinated by disk diffusion method. RESULTS: A total of 892 strains of @entity2260 were isolate from the 3578 @entity1 with a carrier rate of 24.9% (9.0%-36.0%). 634 isolates of @entity2260 were tested to examine their susceptibility to @entity2755 , 199 to @entity2177 , and 887 to the other 8 antimicrobial drugs. The insusceptibility rate of @entity2260 to @entity114 was 39.9%, and the resistance rate was 6.4%. The resistance rate to cefaclor was 20.4%. The insusceptibility rate to @entity2261 was 19.0%. The susceptibility rate to @entity115 / @entity798 was 98.5% and that to @entity2756 was 97.2%. More than 80% of the isolates were resistant to @entity2929 , @entity803 , and @entity207 / @entity206 . @entity2755 resistance was less common (32.3%) than the resistance to other non- @entity3405 antibiotics, except for @entity2177 to which the resistance rate was 2.0%. The national insusceptibility rates for @entity3405 antibiotics did not vary significantly during the three years with the widest varying range of 5.1% for @entity114 (38.1%-43.2%). Each of the three cities had their different varying patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility, especially for @entity3405 antibiotics. Multi-drug resistance was common (88.7%). Strains of @entity2260 insusceptible to @entity114 were significantly more common than those susceptible to @entity114 (99.1% vs. 78.8%, chi(2) = 50.36, P < 0.001), and strains of @entity2260 insusceptible to @entity2929 were significantly more common than those susceptible to @entity2929 too (95.8% vs. 17.1%, chi(2) = 360.26, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial resistant @entity2260 has already become a serious problem in China. Ongoing surveillance study on the antimicrobial resistance of @entity2260 is necessary for appropriate antimicrobial use in clinical work and modification of medical strategies for @entity1 's health.

title: [Carrier rate of @entity328 and susceptibility thereof to antimicrobial drugs among XXXX in China: a surveillance study in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou 2000-2002].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5504 :: ('MESH:D002433', 'Chemical') :: ['cefaclor']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphamethoxazole', 'sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloramphenicol', 'chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the number of @entity1 of childbearing age in New South Wales whose @entity1 are at risk of the @entity20458 ( @entity717 , @entity4242 , @entity600 ). SETTING: New South Wales, 1996. DESIGN: Comparison of number of @entity1 with @entity814 aged 15-44 years on the NSW @entity814 database (observed number) with expected number derived from population data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Observed and expected numbers of @entity1 with @entity814 (defined as blood @entity815 levels > or = 400 mumol/L, and @entity815 -restricted diet recommended) by age; number with no clinical contact with the @entity814 service in previous year; outcomes of pregnancies in @entity1 with @entity814 (January 1994 to July 1996). RESULTS: 110 @entity1 aged 15-44 years with @entity814 were listed on the database. The expected number was 145 (95% confidence interval, 122-171). The difference was greatest in the 30-44 years age group (born before comprehensive newborn screening), with only 55% of the expected number listed. Sixteen @entity1 who had been diagnosed with @entity814 at birth were not having regular follow-up, while 18 @entity1 had been diagnosed only after investigation of abnormalities in their @entity1 . Of 28 pregnancies managed by the NSW @entity814 service, 19 were considered unaffected by the @entity20458 and five affected (another three did not reach term; one outcome was unknown). Of 46 unmanaged pregnancies, all were affected. CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need for better follow-up of @entity1 with @entity814 and for education of health professionals about the @entity751 , its recognition, the risks of untreated pregnancy and the benefits of dietary treatment.

title: XXXX : a continuing problem.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity20458 :: ('MESH:D017042', 'Disease') :: ['maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) syndrome', 'maternal PKU syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['MPKU syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity20458 :: (MESH:D017042,Disease) :: ['Maternal phenylketonuria']


abstract: In order to investigate whether, by analogy with early @entity356 , evidence of a malignant cycle could be found in early gastric @entity1893 (EGL), a study of 135 surgical specimens (46 gastrectomies, 80 aboral resections, nine local excisions) was performed. A malignant cycle was considered to have been shown when regenerative changes in the mucosa and @entity82 of the adjacent submucosa were detected. The depth of @entity5 infiltration was characterized using the UICC classification for @entity356 . An EGL was found in 51.1% of cases (n = 69). The correlation between depth of infiltration and the histological classification of @entity5 proved statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Evidence of a malignant cycle was demonstrated in 72.5% of EGLs as compared with 27.3% in @entity6595 showing @entity2617 (AL). The same held true for the histological classification of @entity706 . Findings consistent with a malignant cycle were found in 72.7% of low-grade compared with 37.7% of @entity1893 . The difference in distribution proved to be statistically significant in both cases (p < 0.001). Most cases were localized in the antral region (53.6% of EGLs, 40.9% of ALs) and the lower third of the stomach (44.9% of EGLs and 33.3% of ALs). Detecting evidence of a malignant cycle, especially in EGL, has important diagnostic implications, requiring a careful search for minute @entity706 -associated irregularities in the neighbourhood of healed lesions, with the aim of determining the proper locations for a diagnostic biopsy.

title: Evidence of a malignant cycle in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['deeper infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade lymphomas', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: @entity146 manifestations are common post @entity64 . @entity308 has a prevalence rate of 9% to 34% in the initial 3 to 6 months following @entity64 and is the most common neuropsychiatric sequel of @entity64 . @entity308 ( @entity308 ) has a significant adverse impact on the course of rehabilitation following @entity64 , resulting in overall impaired functional outcome. An increased risk of suicide and increased mortality have been reported. The association of @entity308 and @entity64 is well established, highly complex, and multifactorial in origin, and the etiology of @entity308 involves size, location and number of lesions, @entity64 subtype, @entity64 severity, social handicap, and family support. Additionally, @entity308 itself is an independent risk factor for @entity64 . In this article, we review the complex pathogenesis of @entity308 and summarize pharmacological treatment options. Because of recent important results that may relate to underlying cellular restorative processes, we focus on early prophylactic treatment, particularly as it involves selective @entity750 uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). There is a recently recognized synergy between functional recovery and @entity308 prophylaxis. New evidence that antidepressants, and SSRIs in particular, can make a substantial contribution to @entity64 recovery is explored.

title: XXXX : a review emphasizing the role of prophylactic treatment and synergy with treatment for motor recovery.

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Poststroke depression', 'Depression', 'depression', 'PSD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Poststroke depression']


abstract: Problem theory points to an a priori relation between six key problems of living, to which @entity1 have adapted through evolution. @entity1 are guided through the problems one by one, learning to switch between them automatically and unawares. The first problem of raising hope of certainty (about the environment), is dealt with in the right hemisphere (RH). The second of raising hope of freedom (or power to control), is dealt with in the left hemisphere (LH). Here adventurousness and ignoring the goodness of outcomes potentially create recklessness. When uncertainty rises the RH activates a backup with an override that substitutes immobility, takes over sensory inputs, but allows obedience to parental commands, and a cut-out that stops new work on the freedom problem. Support for the use of the backup by @entity1 is found in the immobility that precedes the crying in strange conditions, and in childhood EEGs. The hypothesis that the backup is active in deep hypnosis imposes accord on findings that appear contradictory. For example it accounts for why observations during deep hypnosis emphasize the activity of the RH, but observations of responsive @entity1 not under hypnosis emphasize the activity of the LH. The hypothesis that the backup is active in @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is supported by (a) fMRI observations that could reflect the cut-out, in that part of the precuneus has low metabolism, (b) the recall of motionlessness at the time of the @entity130 , (c) an argument that playing dead as a defence against predators is illogical, (d) the ease of hypnosis. With @entity5748 ( @entity5748 ), the theory is consistent with up to six alters that have executive control and one @entity130 identity state where childhood @entity130 are re-experienced. Support for the cut-out affecting the @entity130 identity state comes from suppression of part of the precuneus and other parts of the parietal lobe when the @entity130 identity state is salient and a general script about a @entity130 is listened to. Support also comes from the ease of hypnosis. The cut-out acts independently of the override. It is linked to low metabolism at the same point in the left precuneus by evidence from all three conditions, hypnosis, @entity1005 and @entity5748 . The concept of dissociation is not required with any of the hypotheses.

title: A right hemisphere safety backup at work: hypotheses for deep hypnosis, XXXX , and @entity5748 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'infants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['dissociative identity disorder', 'DID']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumas', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']


abstract: Three @entity5 cell lines, the @entity1 @entity342 independent @entity263 PC-3, @entity342 dependent @entity263 and @entity1 @entity1860 cell line K-562, were treated with Sephadex G-100 sf fractions of Vipera lebetina venom and with HUVEC apoptosis inducing heterodimeric metalloproteinase (VLAIP) from the same venom. The venom was separated into nine fractions using size-exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-100 sf. The effect of V. lebetina venom gel filtration fractions on the viability of studied @entity5 cells was different: high molecular mass fractions were the most effective on PC-3 cells. The viability of LNCaP cells was inhibited most strongly by the third fraction. The first and the second fractions contain different metalloproteinases including VLAIP that also most effectively reduced the viability of PC-3 cells. VLAIP decreased PC-3 cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner but did not induce apoptosis as shown by DNA fragmentation assay. VLAIP induced changes in cell shape, rounding up and detachment. VLAIP inhibited the PC-3 cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins collagen I, fibronectin and @entity4732 but not to fibrinogen. VLAIP had no significant effect on the viability of LNCaP and K-562 cells. VLAIP was also capable to inhibit @entity857 - and collagen-induced @entity1423 dose-dependently. IC(50) was determined to be 1.89   M and 0.94   M, respectively.

title: Effect of HUVEC apoptosis inducing proteinase from Vipera lebetina venom (VLAIP) on viability of XXXX cells and on @entity1423 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['LNCaP prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: To dissect mechanisms that co-ordinate specific events in thymopoiesis we have characterized alterations in thymic structure and function caused by expression of a transgene. This gene encodes SV40Tag and is specifically expressed in a subset of @entity9075 ( @entity9075 ) cells around birth. As a result the number of immortal @entity9075 cells increases, thymic mass increases (up to 3 g), and thymopoiesis is expanded. The latter is reflected by a approximately 100-fold increase of the major thymocyte subsets and increased peripheral T cell counts. Grossly hyperplastic thymi retain many but not all morphological features of a normal thymus. Also in grafts, SV40Tag+ @entity9075 cells steer expansion (up to 8 g) and organize a tissue with mainly cortex-like features that includes mainly SV40Tag+ @entity9075 cells, thymocytes, and macrophages. To investigate expression of specialized gene functions in the immortal @entity9075 cells, a cell line was derived. The Epi-A1 cell line expresses the genes for major histocompatibility complex class I and II, @entity3512 , interleukin (IL)-6, @entity10191 , @entity11580 . Most importantly, Epi-A1 cells also express the @entity58 receptor and the @entity10898 ( @entity10898 ), a factor that, in concert with commitment factors, channels progenitors into hemopoietic lineages. The expression of low constitutive levels of @entity10898 mRNA does not require @entity58 , but @entity10898 mRNA levels are increased dramatically in response to @entity58 . Since constitutive expression of @entity10898 mRNA in vivo is restricted to a small subset of @entity9075 cells in the thymus, our findings reveal a novel specific interaction between thymocytes and a specialized subset of @entity9075 cells.

title: Thymic hyperplasia in transgenic mice caused by immortal epithelial cells expressing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9075 :: ('MESH:C536905', 'Disease') :: ['thymic epithelial', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity11580 :: ('21809(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, and transforming growth factor-beta 3']

answer: @entity10898 :: (17311(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['c-kit ligand']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present preoperative and early postoperative data for 504 @entity1 who underwent duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) for severe @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ). BACKGROUND: The pancreatic head is considered to be the pacemaker of the disease in alcohol-induced @entity1689 . Indications for surgery in @entity1689 are intractable @entity158 and local complications. DPPHR offers the advantage of treating the complications related to the inflammatory process in the head, relieving the @entity158 , and preserving the bilioduodenal anatomy, and it may have the potential to change the natural course of @entity1689 . METHODS: Between November 1972 and December 1998, 504 @entity1 with @entity1689 and an inflammatory mass in the pancreatic head were treated surgically after medical @entity158 treatment for a median of 3.6 years. The procedure resulted in a hospital mortality rate of 0.8%. A continuous follow-up investigation lasting up to 26 years was conducted, during which the @entity1 were reevaluated four times (1983, 1987, 1994, 1996). Between November 1982 and October 1996, 388 @entity1 treated surgically were reinvestigated to evaluate the late outcome; the follow-up rate was 94% (25 @entity1 were lost to follow-up). The reinvestigation evaluation included @entity413 tolerance test, exocrine pancreatic function test, @entity158 status, physical status, professional and social rehabilitation, and quality of life. RESULTS: After an observation period of up to 14 years, 78.8% of the @entity1 were @entity158 .5% had (yearly) @entity158 . 91.3% were considered as @entity158 .7% had continuing @entity490 ; 12% had abdominal complaints. During the 14 years of follow-up, only 9% were admitted to the hospital for acute episodes of @entity1689 . Endocrine function was improved in 11%; in 21%, @entity6 developed de novo. The rate of hospital admission for acute episodes decreased from 69% before surgery to 9% after surgery. In the clinical management period of 9 years (median), the frequency of hospital admission dropped from 5.4 per @entity1 before surgery to 2.7 after surgery. Fourteen years after surgery, 69% of the @entity1 were professionally rehabilitated; in 72%, the quality of life index (Karnofsky criteria) was 90 to 100 and in 18%, it was <80. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity8883 in whom an inflammatory mass has developed in the pancreatic head, DPPHR results in a change in the natural course of the disease in terms of @entity158 status, frequency of acute episodes, need for further hospital admission, late death, and quality of life.

title: Duodenum-preserving head resection in XXXX changes the natural course of the disease: a single-center 26-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-free; 8', 'pain', 'pain syndrome', 'completely pain-free and 12']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1082 ) is known to infect the epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract; however, major questions regarding prevalence and persistence of @entity281 , and their relation to local immune response, remain unanswered. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the tonsil T cell immune response to HPV and compare this to the frequency of detectable virus at this site. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of @entity5 -free adults undergoing routine tonsillectomy. METHODS: Mucosal immune responses to recombinant @entity1799 L2E6E7 and HPV6 L2E7 antigens were measured by tonsillar T-lymphocyte proliferation assay in 13 subjects. HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was assessed by PCR and reverse line-blot hybridization in an expanded population of 44 subjects. RESULTS: Proliferative T-cell responses to @entity1799 and HPV6 were identified in all @entity1 . The presence of a CD45RO+ T cell population responsive to HPV6 L2E7 was confirmed in three of six subjects tested. There were no CD45RO+ responses to @entity1799 L2E6E7 and no evidence of current or latent @entity1083 of the tonsil. CONCLUSIONS: T cell memory to @entity1082 can be identified in tonsil tissue from an adult population in the absence of concurrent @entity1083 . How novel HPV vaccines might augment this preexisting cell-mediated immunity is an essential area for investigation.

title: Tonsil T cell immunity to XXXX in the absence of detectable virus in healthy adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus', 'Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess long-term costs of resectoscopic endometrial ablation versus hysterectomy in @entity1 with @entity931 . DESIGN: Controlled cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Multispeciality group practice. @entity1 : Sixty-four @entity1 who underwent endometrial ablation during 1992-1994 and 46 @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy during 1990-1992. To attain comparable controls, @entity1 with uterine size exceeding 14 weeks or uterine weight greater than 300 g, ovarian pathology, @entity46 , or @entity5 were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: Endometrial ablation and hysterectomy, followed by economic evaluation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Direct costs were hospitalization charges, professional fees, preoperative depot @entity3086 , and gynecologic care during 3 years after primary surgery. Indirect costs were calculated based on known demographic data, recovery time, and lost productivity. Surgical outcomes, complications, repeat surgeries, menstrual outcomes, and overall @entity1 satisfaction were assessed. Operating time (38 vs 107 min), hospital stay (0.7 vs 2.7 days), frequency of @entity260 (6.3% vs 21.7%), and recuperation time (5 vs 32 days) were less with endometrial ablation than with hysterectomy. Mean follow-up was 48.5 months (range 36-68 mo), with rates of @entity2588 , @entity1866 , and eumenorrhea of 49%, 29%, and 8%, respectively. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. There were eight failures (12%): repeat endometrial ablations (2 @entity1 ), abdominal hysterectomy (1), and laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy (5). Most @entity1 (85%) remained satisfied with the operation. Total direct costs/case for endometrial ablation were  5434 versus  8417 for hysterectomy; respective indirect costs/case were  525 and  3360. Conclusion. Long-term direct and indirect costs of endometrial ablation were significantly less than those of hysterectomy ( 5959 vs  11,777) for the treatment of @entity931 .

title: Long-term economic evaluation of resectoscopic endometrial ablation versus hysterectomy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['hypomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: It has been proposed that the ovarian medulla exerts an intra-ovarian inhibitory effect on primordial follicle activation in @entity291 . We tested this hypothesis using cortical ovarian explants and determined whether growth factors could alter follicle activation or primary follicle health. Ovaries were obtained from @entity291 fetuses, and cortical slices were cultured on Millicell culture inserts for up to 8 days. Within 2 d of culture, the proportion of primordial follicles decreased from 70.1 +/- 3.5 to 6.4 +/- 3.4% (P<0.05), and the proportion of primary follicles increased from 23.8 +/- 3.3 to 79.7 +/- 5.5% (P<0.05). The proportion of secondary follicles was relatively stable (6 to 13%). Morphological examination indicated that 91.9 +/- 3.7, 76.7 +/- 8.8, and 71.8 +/- 10.4% of primordial, primary, and secondary follicles, respectively, were considered to be healthy in slices of fresh tissue; these proportions were not altered by up to 8 d of culture (P>0.05). The proportion of all classes of follicles and their morphological health were not affected by the addition of medullary slices to the culture well, nor by the culture of corticomedullary slices (P>0.05). The addition of FSH, insulin-like growth factor-I, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, or transforming growth factor-beta did not alter primordial follicle activation or the morphological health of primary or secondary follicles. The addition of @entity18323 ( @entity18323 ) decreased the proportion of primary follicles that were healthy from 67.6 +/- 5.1 to 36.8 +/- 4.7% (P<0.05). In conclusion, these data do not support the existence of a medullary inhibitor of primary follicle activation but suggest a role for @entity18323 in the regulation of primary follicle development.

title: Effect of growth factors and co-culture with ovarian medulla on the activation of primordial follicles in explants of XXXX ovarian cortex.

entities_list: @entity18323 :: ('540388(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha', 'TGFalpha']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some @entity1 develop @entity644 and progressive @entity177 after unilateral nephrectomy, although the majority of @entity1 maintain normal renal function. Reasons to explain this different evolution are not known. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 73 @entity1 who had undergone unilateral nephrectomy 13.6 +/- 8.6 years before. @entity1 with @entity154 in the remaining kidney, @entity74 , or @entity8 at the time of nephrectomy were excluded. All of the 73 included @entity1 showed normal renal function and negative @entity644 at nephrectomy. The @entity1 's medical records were reviewed, and clinical and analytical data throughout follow-up were obtained. RESULTS: Fifty-three out of the 73 @entity1 (group I) showed a normal renal function and negative @entity644 at the cross-sectional study. The remaining 20 @entity1 (group II) showed @entity644 (3.4 +/- 3.1 g/day). The time elapsed between nephrectomy and @entity644 appearance was 10.1 +/- 6.1 years. Thirteen @entity1 of group II had developed @entity177 (serum @entity1011 at the cross-sectional study of 3.9 + 3.2 mg/dL) in addition to @entity644 . The time elapsed between @entity644 appearance and the onset of @entity177 was 4.1 +/- 4.3 years. @entity177 showed a slowly progressive course in most of these @entity1 . There were no significant differences between group I and group II @entity1 in age, gender, renal function, or blood pressure at the time of nephrectomy. In contrast, group II @entity1 showed a body mass index (BMI) that was significantly higher than group I at nephrectomy (31.6 +/- 5.6 vs. 24.3 +/- 3.7 kg/m(2), P < 0.001), at cross-sectional study (33.3 +/- 6.6 vs. 25.1 +/- 3.5 kg/m(2), P < 0.001), and throughout follow-up. Among the 14 @entity28 (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)) @entity1 at the time of nephrectomy, 13 (92%) developed @entity644 / @entity177 . In contrast, among the 59 @entity1 with BMI < 30 kg/m(2), only 7 (12%) developed these complications (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier estimated probability of negative @entity644 and normal renal function 10 years after nephrectomy was 40 and 70%, respectively, in @entity28 @entity1 at nephrectomy. At 20 years after nephrectomy, these percentages were 8 and 35%, respectively. In contrast, in nonobese @entity1 , the probability of negative @entity644 and normal renal function was 93 and 98%, respectively, at 10 years (P < 0.001) and 77 and 91%, respectively, at 20 years (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of developing @entity8 was only statistically correlated with BMI at the time of unilateral nephrectomy (odds ratio 1.34, 1.03 to 1.76 CI). CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 @entity1 are at risk for developing @entity644 and @entity177 after unilateral nephrectomy. Regular and long-term follow-up are recommended in these @entity1 .

title: Influence of XXXX on the appearance of @entity644 and @entity177 after unilateral nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal renal function', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal insufficiency', 'renal failure', 'renal insufficiency', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The surface polysaccharides of @entity14441 128C53 sm(r)rif(r) (parent) and its exo(-1) mutant were isolated and characterized. The parent carries out normal symbiosis with its host, @entity3587 , while the exo(-1) mutant does not nodulate the @entity3587 . The following observations were made. (a) The parent produces lipopolysaccharide (LPS), typical acidic @entity16290 ( @entity16290 ), and three additional polysaccharides, PS1, PS2, and PS3. The PS1 and PS2 fractions are likely to be the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and are identical in composition to the @entity16290 . The PS3 fraction is a small-molecular-weight glucan. (b) The exo(-1) mutant produces LPS, @entity16290 , and a PS3 fraction, but does not produce significant amounts of either PS1 or PS2. The LPS from the exo(-1) mutant appears to be identical to the parental LPS. Analysis of the @entity16290 from exo(-1) shows that it consists of two polysaccharides. One polysaccharide is identical to the LPS and comprises 70% of the exo(-1) @entity16290 . The second polysaccharide is identical to the exo(-1) PS3 and comprises 30% of the exo(-1) @entity16290 . This result shows that the exo(-1) mutant does not produce any of the typical acidic parental @entity16290 and that the major polysaccharide released into the media by the exo(-1) mutant is intact LPS. The exo(-1) mutant PS3 fraction was found to contain two polysaccharides, PS3-1 and PS3-2. The PS3-2 polysaccharide is identical to the parental PS3 described above. The PS3-1 polysaccharide has a composition similar to the polysaccharide portion of the LPS. This result suggests that the exo(-1) mutant produces LPS polysaccharide fragments. These LPS polysaccharide fragments are not produced by the parent strain.

title: A Comparison of the Surface Polysaccharides from XXXX 128C53 smrif with the Surface Polysaccharides from Its Exo Mutant.

entities_list: @entity14441 :: ('384', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium leguminosarum']

entities_list: @entity16290 :: ('MESH:C564877', 'Disease') :: ['EPS', 'extracellular polysaccharide']

answer: @entity14441 :: (384,Species) :: ['Rhizobium leguminosarum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of hookworm-related @entity10629 (HrCLM) with a single dose of oral @entity3070 has not been adequately evaluated to date. Response rates reported in three large studies varied from 77% to more than 95%. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy of @entity3070 in the treatment of HrCLM. METHODS: We retrospectively studied all returning travellers with HrCLM who consulted in our institution. @entity1 were then treated with a single, 200  g/kg dose of @entity3070 , orally. RESULTS: Sixty-two travellers (35 female, 27 male, mean age 35.6 years) with HrCLM and creeping @entity1909 were included. Six @entity1 (10%) also had associated @entity5293 . Fifty-nine @entity1 (95%) completely responded with one @entity3070 dose. The response rate was 98% in the 56 @entity1 presenting with only creeping @entity1909 and 66% in the six @entity1 presenting with additional @entity5293 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of a single dose of oral @entity3070 is higher in @entity1 with only creeping @entity1909 than in those with associated @entity5293 .

title: The efficacy of single dose @entity3070 in the treatment of hookworm related XXXX varies depending on the clinical presentation.

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5293 :: ('MESH:D006725', 'Disease') :: ['hookworm folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity10629 :: ('MESH:D007815', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous larva migrans']

answer: @entity10629 :: (MESH:D007815,Disease) :: ['cutaneous larva migrans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: As our understanding of the pathophysiology of @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ) expands, new avenues arise for pharmacological intervention. Recent evidence suggests that @entity1690 results from a loss of myenteric plexus inhibitory neurons resulting in unopposed cholinergic tone. @entity2390 inhibits postganglionic cholinergic neurons, and thus we hypothesize that administration of @entity2390 will decrease sphincteric pressure in individuals with @entity1690 . METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 presenting with recurrent @entity490 and @entity1690 (basal pressure > 40 mm Hg) were studied. The study was prospective, placebo controlled, and blinded. @entity1 allocation was consecutive. Sphincter of Oddi manometry was performed in standard fashion. The test group (n = 19) received @entity2390 (100 microg i.v.), and the control group (n = 19) received i.v. saline. Basal, phasic, and duct pressures as well as phasic amplitude and frequency were recorded before and 3 min after the i.v. infusion. Changes in these parameters before and after i.v. infusions were compared. RESULTS: @entity2390 caused a statistically significant reduction in peak and basal sphincter of Oddi pressures relative to saline (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). @entity2390 did not significantly affect wave amplitude, wave frequency, or duct pressure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2390 has the potential to be a valuable addition to the armamentarium for the medical management of @entity1690 .

title: XXXX relaxes the hypertensive sphincter of Oddi: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction', 'SOD']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide', 'octreotide acetate']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['Octreotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prognostic relevance of histopathologic findings in @entity356 is well established. Studies on DNA-ploidy are still scanty and contradictory. METHODOLOGY: Histopathologic parameters, DNA ploidy and S-phase were evaluated in 78 @entity5 @entity1 curatively resected, using @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity5 (50%) were @entity2007 . No significant correlation was found between histologic data and ploidy, but @entity5 with nodal involvement were more frequently @entity2007 . In univariate analysis, @entity5 location (p=0.05), @entity5 size (p=0.01), differentiation grade (p=0.02), Lauren classification (p=0.01), deeper infiltration of gastric wall (p=0.001), nodal affectation (p=0.0000) and number of lymph nodes (p=0.01), @entity2802 stage (p=0.0000), type of gastrectomy performed (p=0.04), and DNA ploidy (p=0.04) significantly influenced survival. S-phase values had no effect on prognosis. In the multiple regression model, factors independently associated with survival were @entity2802 stage (p=0.0009), nodal affectation (p=0.01) and, marginally, ploidy (p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity356 curatively resected, the more relevant prognostic factors were stage and nodal involvement. Fifty percent of the @entity5 were @entity2007 . Aneuploidy was significantly associated with poorer prognosis.

title: DNA content by flow cytometry in XXXX : pathology, ploidy and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: A consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity8579 ( @entity8579 ) is reported. A total of 53 cases were diagnosed, treated, and followed by one department during the period 1971-1990. Curative surgery was considered in all cases after suppression of acid secretion and after localization of the @entity5 . Exploratory laparotomy was not employed. Of the 53 @entity1 13 (24%) died from metastatic @entity7581 during the study. @entity5 were ultimately located in 31 of the @entity1 , and 21 of these @entity1 were operated. A total of 12 @entity1 (21%) were cured. The best results were obtained after Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy in @entity1 with small @entity5 located after percutaneous transhepatic portography with blood sampling for @entity8243 assay. In this group 9 of 10 operated @entity1 were cured. @entity7582 did not seem to preclude curative resection. The findings support an aggressive attitude toward local diagnosis and surgical treatment in @entity8579 @entity1 , but they also stress the need for improvements in methods for localizing @entity5 .

title: Surgical treatment of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7582 :: ('MESH:D018761', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome', 'ZES']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma']

answer: @entity8579 :: (MESH:D015043,Disease) :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']


abstract: Introduction.    It is suggested that @entity323 ( @entity323 ) may be an early risk factor for @entity65 . Aim.    The goal of this study was to determine whether development of @entity323 precedes the onset of @entity453 in response to a @entity8928 ( @entity8928 ), thereby establishing whether the @entity8928 differentially impacts the endothelium in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, a goal was to determine if diet-induced @entity323 is reversible with intracavernosal @entity24268 treatment. Methods.    Male @entity35 were fed a @entity8928 for 4, 8, or 12 weeks, or a control diet for 8 weeks. Erectile function was evaluated by measuring the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and @entity551 ( @entity551 ) in response to electrical field stimulation of the cavernosal nerve near the major pelvic ganglion, in the absence and presence of @entity24268 . Coronary artery endothelial function was evaluated ex vivo with cumulative doses of @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) applied to segments of the left anterior descending coronary artery preconstricted with @entity750 . Main Outcome Measures.    Erectile function was assessed as the @entity551 response to electrical field stimulation (EFS), normalized to MAP. Coronary artery endothelial function was assessed as the effective concentration producing 50% of a maximal response (EC50 ) of the @entity3451 response. Results.    The @entity551 /MAP response to EFS was significantly attenuated following both 8 and 12 weeks of the @entity8928 compared with the control diet (P   <   0.05). @entity24268 treatment augmented the @entity551 /MAP response in all @entity8928 groups (P   <   0.05). The coronary artery EC50 of the @entity3451 response was not different from control following 4 or 8 weeks but was significantly elevated following 12 weeks of the @entity8928 (P   <   0.01). Conclusions.    These data suggest that erectile function is reduced prior to coronary artery endothelial function in response to the @entity8928 . Improvement of erectile function with @entity24268 in @entity8928 @entity35 indicates that @entity842 synthase uncoupling is a key mechanism in diet-induced @entity323 . La Favor JD, Anderson EJ, Hickner RC, and Wingard CJ. @entity323 precedes @entity453 in @entity35 fed a high-fat, high- @entity969 , Western pattern diet. J Sex Med 2013;10:694-703.

title: @entity323 precedes XXXX in @entity35 fed a high-fat, high- @entity969 , Western pattern diet.

entities_list: @entity24268 :: ('MESH:C016727', 'Chemical') :: ['sepiapterin', 'Sepiapterin']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity8928 :: ('MESH:D020241', 'Disease') :: ['Western diet', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracavernosal pressure', 'ICP']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: The effect of @entity6514 ( @entity6514 ) and @entity47929 (alpha TG) on proliferation and polyclonal activation of lymphocytes was studied in cultures of spleen cells from C3H @entity19 . Inclusion in serum-free or serum-containing medium of the optimal concentration (5 x 10(-5) M) of either 2-ME or alpha TG resulted in highly significant uptake and incorporation of tritiated @entity1014 ( @entity665 ) into DNA and in morphological blast transformation. These phenomena were dose-dependent, with both lower and higher doses causing less marked effects. The kinetic peak of these responses was found to occur at day 3 of culture. Improved cellular viability could not explain these results, because by day 3 there was no significant difference in viability between cells cultured in the presence or absence of 2-ME. 2-ME evoked a proliferative response in cultures of congenitally athymic (nu/nu) spleen cells that exhibited a similar but lower dose-response profile compared with that of heterozygous (nu/+) littermates. Cultures of bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes, generated by treatment of spleen cells with rabbit antithymocyte serum and complement, incorporated @entity665 to a degree at least equal to that of normal spleen cell cultures. Thymus-dependent (T) cells did not support significant 2-ME, alpha TG, or Concanavalin A responses in the absence of serum. However, when cultured in 5% fetal calf serum, definite T-cell responses occurred, though always of a lower magnitude than B-cell responses in this system. When the enriched B-cell and T-cell preparations were co-cultured, a synergistic response was noted. Macrophage dependency of the 2-ME and alpha TG effect was shown to be minimal. It is likely that the greater effectiveness of alpha TG relative to 2-ME is due to differences in the chemical structure of these two @entity1432 compounds. The advantages of utilizing 2-ME and alpha TG as probes in the study of lymphocyte activation are evaluated and their possible mechanisms of action are discussed.

title: Nonspecific activation of XXXX lymphocytes. I. Proliferation and polyclonal activation induced by @entity6514 and @entity47929 .

entities_list: @entity47929 :: ('MESH:C009465', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-thioglycerol']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-ME', '2-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of hysterectomy for @entity1 with @entity3567 . METHODS: A total of 68 cases of @entity1469 treated by hysterectomy from 1985-1997 at PUMC hospital was retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-eight cases were diagnosed as @entity1466 and 30 as invasive mole. RESULTS: Twenty-three elder @entity1 who didn't desire to preserve fertility were selected for hysterectomy after short courses of chemotherapy. Twenty-two of them had complete remission (95.6%). The average total course of chemotherapy was 4.2. Of twenty-seven chemo-refractory cases who were suspected of an @entity75 in the uterus, delayed hysterectomy as an adjunct to chemotherapy was performed. Twenty of them achieved complete remission (74.1%), with an average 9.4 courses of chemotherapy. Emergency hysterectomy was indicated in 18 @entity1 with uterine perforation or life-threatening @entity548 . Seventeen of the emergent cases had complete remission (94.4%), who had received an average 7.6 courses of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Although the development of effective chemotherapy has resulted in improved survival of @entity1 with @entity3567 , hysterectomy remains an important adjunct treatment in a selected subset of @entity1 . Modified radical hysterectomy is recommended for the indicated @entity1 .

title: [The role of hysterectomy in the therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['isolated lesion']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic tumor']

answer: @entity3567 :: (MESH:D014328,Disease) :: ['gestational trophoblastic tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The presence of a Y chromosome in the extrascrotal gonad of @entity1 with @entity4998 has been associated with a high risk of GB and, potentially, GCT. Recently, modern sophisticated genotyping has revealed a subgroup of @entity1950 cases with a mosaic karyotype expressing a Y chromosome. We sought to evaluate this group of @entity1 and address their risk of @entity5712 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records and genotyping of all females newly diagnosed with @entity1950 between 1990 and 2002 at @entity1 's Hospital in Denver. All @entity1 with @entity1950 and Y chromosome mosaicism underwent gonadectomy, and the specimens were evaluated for the presence of @entity5712 on histological analysis and to identify Y chromosome on genotyping. RESULTS: A total of 192 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity1950 were identified between January 1990 and December 2002. Seven records were unavailable and 19 @entity1 did not have karyotypic analyses available in the hospital charts. Of the remaining 166 @entity1 67 exhibited mosaic cell lines, of whom 8 had 45,X0/46,XY mosaic pattern and 59 had mosaic patterns without Y chromosomal elements. All 8 @entity1 with Y mosaicism underwent uneventful laparoscopic gonadectomy on an outpatient basis. One @entity1 observed to have bilateral dysgenetic gonads after gonadectomy was excluded from the study. @entity5712 (bilateral 2 @entity1 , unilateral 1) was detected in 3 of 7 @entity1 (43%) with Y mosaicism. CONCLUSIONS: In our series 4.8% of evaluable @entity1 with @entity1950 carried a 45,X0/46,XY karyotype. @entity5712 can be evident even at an early age in streak gonads with Y mosaicism and may be bilateral. We recommend prophylactic laparoscopic gonadectomy of streak gonads in @entity1 with @entity1950 who carry a Y mosaic genotype, because fertility is not an issue, surgical morbidity is minor and there may be a high potential for @entity5 in this population.

title: XXXX and Turner syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['intersex disorders']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma', 'Gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of gonadoblastomas']

answer: @entity5712 :: (MESH:D018238,Disease) :: ['Gonadoblastoma']


abstract: The authors compared @entity3990 and @entity19611 in a double-blind study conducted on 81 @entity1 ( @entity19611 in 40 @entity1 ; @entity3990 in 41 @entity1 ) undergoing computed body tomography (CT) for a variety of indications at the Flinders Medical Centre in South Australia. Each study was assessed for image quality and rated as diagnostic or nondiagnostic. @entity1 were monitored for blood pressure measurement, pulse rate, and respiration rate before and after contrast administration and were observed for the occurrence of side effects. Subjective assessments of heat and @entity158 sensations also were obtained from the @entity1 . With the exception of one @entity1 studied with @entity3990 , all investigations were rated as either good or excellent. In all cases, the examination was considered diagnostic. No adverse reactions were noted after administration of either contrast material, except in one @entity1 who felt nauseated. Because the @entity1 had reported feeling nauseated before the examination, this side effect was considered to be coincidental. One @entity1 experienced mild @entity158 from injection of @entity3990 . In no cases were any drug-related or clinically significant changes in vital signs noted. In this study, both @entity3990 and @entity19611 were well tolerated and effective, with few side effects after intravenous administration for contrast enhancement during whole-body CT.

title: A randomized double-blind trial of XXXX and @entity3990 in contrast-enhanced computed body tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['iopamidol']

answer: @entity19611 :: (MESH:C054871,Chemical) :: ['ioversol']


abstract: A 64-year-old @entity1 who had suffered from @entity6 and a recurrent intractable @entity1066 of the foot developed subacute transverse @entity602 with severe inflammatory reactions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed @entity75 in both @entity1514 . In plain X-ray film, although intervertebral spaces of the lumbar spines were apparently normal on the supine position, they became narrow spaces on the sitting position. The aspiration biopsy from the intervertebral spaces of the lumbar spines showed non-specific necrotic tissues. These findings suggested that the destruction of the intervertebral disks also occurred simultaneously. According to the clinical course and radiological studies, we diagnosed this @entity1 as @entity4034 , and performed the antibiotics therapy. Although he showed no change in his signs and symptoms due to transverse @entity602 , radiological studies exhibited an improvement of both the lumbar and @entity1514 . In addition, MRI studies in the lumbar lesions revealed low intensity signals on both T1 and T2 weighted images before the antibiotics therapy. It was suggested that lumbar lesions were older than the @entity1514 . Serial studies including bone X-ray film and MRI were not only useful for the diagnosis of @entity4034 but also for an evaluation of the lesions.

title: [A case of transverse @entity602 caused by pyogenic XXXX having extended from a pedal @entity1066 ].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['destructive lesions']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['upper thoracic and lumbar spines', 'thoracic lesions']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the technique of renal radiofrequency (RF) thermal ablation. Case report of a successful nephron-sparing surgery after failure of the RF thermal ablation of a @entity1358 in a @entity1 with a single kidney. METHODS: A @entity1 presenting with a @entity1358 in a single left kidney was treated by RF thermal ablation. The failure of the technique was patent on follow-up after demonstration of a central area of @entity39 surrounded by a peripheral contrast enhancing area. Nephron sparing surgery was indicated as salvage procedure. RESULTS: Surgical excision of the @entity5 with a safety margin, without renal pedicle clamping was undertaken. Fat tissue and hemostatic synthetic material were placed in the surgical bed. Pathology report: @entity1358 with changes secondary to central @entity39 . Twenty-four month postoperative follow-up: fatty renal nodule with small fibrous tracts inside in the area of the @entity5 . No evidence of contrast enhancing areas. Normal renal function (sCr 0.7 mg/dl, @entity1133 24 mg/dl). CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency thermal ablation is a relatively new technique. Its oncological efficacy greatly depends on appropriate case selection. One of its main caveats is achieving an area of tissue ablation enough to completely destroy the @entity5 . When the technique fails, renal surgery (nephron sparing or not) seems to be the most recommended alternative.

title: [Nephron sparing renal surgery as salvage treatment after failure of radiofrequency thermal ablation in a XXXX with a single kidney and @entity1358 ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The effect of @entity6359 on plasma @entity167 concentration was studied in 24 healthy male subjects who demonstrated high apparent @entity1068 first-pass metabolism after oral (p.o.) and intravenous (i.v.) @entity1068 administration (i.e. AUC(po) < or = 40% of AUC(i.v.), where AUC is area under the plasma @entity1068 concentration-time curve). Six of the original 30 subjects screened (20%) did not demonstrate high first-pass metabolism and were excluded. In a randomized open crossover study, oral @entity1068 pharmacokinetics were assessed after breakfast in the morning following a 3-day regimen of @entity6359 , 40 mg/day, and following a no-drug control period. @entity6359 increased the area under the plasma @entity1068 concentration-time curve (AUC0-t) by 29% (7.1 vs 5.5 mg.h/dL, P = 0.006) and maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) by 23% (9.2 vs 7.5 mg/dL, P = 0.013). The changes in @entity1068 AUC0-t and Cmax may have been associated with changes in gastric emptying, as they were inversely correlated with changes in the time at which maximal plasma concentration was attained. There was considerable intra-individual variation in @entity1068 AUC and Cmax. As a result, regression to the mean is a potentially confounding problem in @entity1068 pharmacokinetic studies when subjects are selected on the basis of having low AUC(po), and properly controlled randomized studies of substantial size are required to detect modest drug effects. Small effects on @entity1068 pharmacokinetics have now been demonstrated with all four of the major H2-receptor antagonists, but these effects are seen only under specific experimental conditions and appear to be unimportant clinically.

title: XXXX increases plasma @entity167 concentration in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine', 'Famotidine']

answer: @entity6359 :: (MESH:D015738,Chemical) :: ['Famotidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The success of central @entity281 (CLABSI) prevention programs in intensive care units (ICUs) has led to the expansion of surveillance at many hospitals. We sought to compare non-ICU CLABSI (nCLABSI) rates with national reports and describe methods of surveillance at several participating US institutions. DESIGN AND SETTING: An electronic survey of several medical centers about infection surveillance practices and rate data for non-ICU @entity1 . @entity1 : Ten tertiary care hospitals. METHODS: In March 2011, a survey was sent to 10 medical centers. The survey consisted of 12 questions regarding demographics and CLABSI surveillance methodology for non-ICU @entity1 at each center. @entity1 were also asked to provide available rate and device utilization data. RESULTS: Hospitals ranged in size from 238 to 1,400 total beds (median, 815). All hospitals reported using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions. Denominators were collected by different means: counting @entity1 with central lines every day (5 hospitals), indirectly estimating on the basis of electronic orders ([Formula: see text]), or another automated method ([Formula: see text]). Rates of nCLABSI ranged from 0.2 to 4.2 infections per 1,000 catheter-days (median, 2.5). The national rate reported by the CDC using 2009 data from the National Healthcare Surveillance Network was 1.14 infections per 1,000 catheter-days. CONCLUSIONS: Only 2 hospitals were below the pooled CLABSI rate for inpatient wards; all others exceeded this rate. Possible explanations include differences in average central line utilization or hospital size in the impact of certain clinical risk factors notably absent from the definition and in interpretation and reporting practices. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether the national benchmarks are low or whether the hospitals surveyed here represent a selection of outliers.

title: Central XXXX surveillance outside the intensive care unit: a multicenter survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['line-associated bloodstream infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['line-associated bloodstream infection']


abstract: Testicular @entity3800 are known to influence not only the secretion but also the bioactivity and molecular composition of pituitary FSH. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic @entity342 blockade and castration on the molecular heterogeneity of the gonadotrophin. Groups of male adult @entity35 (five animals per group) received one of the following treatments: vehicle, the non-steroidal anti- @entity3800 casodex (20 mg/kg per day) or @entity12194 (20 mg/kg per day), or castration. After 8 weeks, the animals were killed and individual pituitary homogenates fractionated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) on @entity969 density gradients in the pH range 2.5-8. FSH was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the individual fractions and by invitro bioassay (Sertoli cell aromatase bioassay) in pools of fractions which were combined according to pH intervals of 0.5 units. Bioactive and immunoreactive FSH were also measured in sera and unfractionated pituitary extracts. @entity251 and inhibin were assayed in sera by RIA. A significant increase in serum immunoreactive and bioactive FSH was demonstrated in @entity12194 -treated and castrated animals, whereas the pituitary content of bioactive FSH remained unchanged in the four groups. Serum @entity251 and inhibin were undetectable in castrated animals and significantly increased in those treated with @entity12194 . By RIA, the IEF profiles of the @entity12194 -treated and castrated @entity35 showed a significant reduction of the FSH isoforms with 3.5 < pI < 4, with a significant increase in the isoforms with pI > 4 only in the castrated group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Microheterogeneity of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone in male XXXX : differential effects of the chronic @entity342 deprivation induced by castration or @entity342 blockade.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND Tumor treatment is the mainstay of therapy for @entity16 ( @entity16 ), but it is only effective in some cases and other treatment options are limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the short-term use of a combination of @entity229 and @entity1140 for acute neurologic worsening in PND in which intracellular antigens are targeted. DESIGN Retrospective single-center case series of @entity1 with PND treated with @entity1140 . SETTING The Rockefeller University Hospital, a research hospital in New York, New York. @entity1 Twenty-six @entity1 with PND with high titer (>= 1:1000) anti-HuD, anti-Yo, or anti- @entity21969 autoantibodies were enrolled. @entity1 were referred from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center or self-referred. Two @entity1 discontinued intervention owing to adverse events. INTERVENTIONS @entity1 were treated with @entity1140 , 0.15-0.30 mg/kg per day, in 2 divided oral doses with 60 mg per day of oral @entity229 , tapered off during 1 to 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was median survival. Neurologic examinations before and after treatment as well as adverse events are described. RESULTS Median survival time was 52 months from time of diagnosis. Some @entity1 experienced neurologic improvement that was functionally meaningful. The incidence of adverse events was similar to that generally reported with @entity1140 . CONCLUSIONS A short course of @entity229 and @entity1140 to target central nervous system T cells in @entity1 with PND with acute neurologic decline in which intracellular antigens are targeted was well tolerated and warrants further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00378326.

title: Cellular immune suppression in XXXX targeting intracellular antigens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic neurologic disorders', 'PNDs']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We determined the prevalence, range and factors influencing the use of complementary therapy among hemifacial @entity2473 @entity1 and compared the patterns of use of complementary therapies across different @entity717 in a systematic pooled analysis of published literature. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was administered to 96 hemifacial @entity2473 @entity1 evaluating frequency of complementary therapy use, and factors influencing @entity1 ' decision to seek these therapies. We also performed a PubMed search of epidemiology studies on use of complementary therapies in @entity717 . RESULTS: Fifty-one per cent of @entity1 had tried complementary therapies, of which 47% reported some perceived benefit and 4.1% informed their doctor. Acupuncture (71.4%) and facial massage (17.6%) were most commonly used. Complementary therapy use was associated with greater @entity6517 severity. The mean cost of treatment was about  78 per month. We identified eight articles on use of complementary therapies in @entity717 ; @entity191 (5), @entity3519 (1). Twenty-five to 88% of @entity1 had tried complementary therapies, of which 32-70% reported some benefit. Trials of acupuncture (2-63%) and massage (7-38%) were reported across the spectrum of @entity717 studied. Mean cost of complementary therapies varied from 43 to 102 USD per month. CONCLUSION: Complementary therapies are used by over 50% of @entity6517 @entity1 , and the use is correlated with severity of disease. Despite differences in race, culture and population demographics, acupuncture and massage are used by @entity1 across the spectrum of @entity717 .

title: Complementary therapies in hemifacial spasm and comparison with other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['Tourette syndrome (2) and dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['movement disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that are critical regulators of @entity66 , including @entity5 , which may represent a novel class of @entity5 biomarkers. AIMS: We hypothesized that @entity8397 ( @entity8397 ) and @entity20157 ( @entity20157 ), which were altered in lymphatic metastatic tissues, could be directly assayed in the serum and used to detect the lymph node status of cervical @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed serum levels of @entity8397 and @entity20157 in 80 @entity1 with stage I-IIA of cervical @entity5 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Blood samples were collected before surgery and therapy. Logistic regression was used to measure the influence of different variables. Receiver operating characteristic analysis could evaluate the sensitivity and specificity in separating lymph node @entity3 (LNM) (+) @entity1 from LNM (-) patients by serum @entity8397 and @entity20157 . RESULTS: We found that the expression level of @entity8397 was significantly higher in cervical @entity5 @entity1 compared to healthy controls (p=0.004), @entity1 with LNM tended to have overexpression of @entity8397 (p=0.000), the odds ratio was 1.552. The expression level of @entity20157 in cervical @entity5 @entity1 was also significantly increased in comparison to the healthy @entity1 (p=0.000), while downregulated @entity20157 was correlated with LNM (p=0.001), the odds ratio was 0.849. When @entity8397 was used for differentiation of LNM (+) @entity1 from LNM (-) @entity1 , the value of the area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) was 0.734  0.058, the sensitivity and specificity of serum @entity8397 were 75% and 72.5%, respectively, the cut-off point was 3.0. But the AUC of @entity20157 was only 0.658  0.061, which showed low accuracy, the sensitivity and specificity were 65% and 62.5%, respectively, the cut-off point was 0.13. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the circulating @entity8397 may be a potential biomarker for detecting the lymph node status of cervical @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Circulating @entity8397 and @entity20157 for screening lymph node XXXX in early @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Experiments were performed with BALB/c @entity19 to elucidate the roles of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the acquisition of protective immunity to @entity744 and to compare infection immunity with immunity developed through vaccination with a @entity11170 ( @entity11170 ) of @entity744 . @entity19 convalescing from a @entity281 with @entity744 displayed a high level of resistance to reinfection, as evidenced by splenic bacterial counts decreased over 10,000-fold from control groups at 2 weeks after challenge. Passive transfer assays revealed that protection was mediated by both T lymphocytes and antibodies but that antibodies had a substantially greater role on the basis of log units of protection that were transferred. Antibodies specific for @entity11170 proteins in sera from convalescent @entity19 were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G 2a and 3 isotypes. Vaccination with @entity11170 conferred good protection against @entity744 , but protection was greatly enhanced by the incorporation of @entity17080 or other adjuvants. Protection provided by the @entity11170 vaccine resulted largely from immune responses to its protein moieties. A critical evaluation of the protective efficacy of the rough lipopolysaccharide component of @entity11170 was precluded by its poor immunogenicity in BALB/c @entity19 . @entity11170 - @entity17080 afforded protection against challenge infection with @entity744 as good as that which developed after a @entity281 and as good as or better than that provided by attenuated @entity6467 vaccine strain Rev 1. Passive transfer experiments confirmed that the magnitudes of both humoral and cell-mediated forms of protective immunity were equivalent in @entity19 vaccinated with @entity11170 - @entity17080 and those recovering from a @entity281 . Protective immunity to @entity744 in @entity19 therefore resembled that to @entity6469 , except that the relative roles of humoral and cell-mediated immunity, rather than being equivalent, were shifted toward a greater role for antibodies.

title: Protective immunity to @entity744 in BALB/c XXXX following recovery from @entity281 or immunization with subcellular vaccines.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection']

entities_list: @entity6469 :: ('235', 'Species') :: ['Brucella abortus']

entities_list: @entity744 :: ('236', 'Species') :: ['Brucella ovis', 'B. ovis']

entities_list: @entity11170 :: ('MESH:D019584', 'Disease') :: ['hot saline extract', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The effect of rapid weight reduction on left ventricular function and blood pressure was studied in 34 @entity28 subjects, who all weighed more than 30% above their ideal body weight. Subjects with co-existing @entity101 (N = 15) and proven @entity453 (N = 9) were included to assess contributions from these factors. Blood pressure (BP) was measured both indirectly and by direct ambulatory intra-arterial methods. Radionuclide ventriculography was performed at rest and at exercise, before and after dieting, which was supervised in hospital (daily intake 330 kCal day-1 for 4 weeks). Dieting induced a @entity353 of (mean +/- SD) 9.6 +/- 3.5 kg (P less than 0.0001) in the whole group. The mean daytime intra-arterial blood pressure fell from 157 +/- 23/90 +/- 15 to 144 +/- 21/85 +/- 13 mmHg (P less than 0.0001). The fall in @entity551 did not reach significance in the normotensive and ischaemic groups. The mean resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the whole group showed a significant reduction after @entity353 from 61 +/- 10% to 56 +/- 6% (P less than 0.005). Although the individual groups showed a fall in LVEF, the effect was most marked in the @entity101 group, from 65 +/- 9% to 57 +/- 5% (P less than 0.002). Before dieting none of the groups achieved a 'normal' 5% rise in LVEF above basal in response to exercise, the @entity101 and the ischaemic groups both showing non-significant falls. This phenomenon was, however, reversed after @entity353 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improvement in left ventricular function after rapid @entity353 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ambulatory intra-arterial diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The existence of a @entity5 -specific T-cell immune response to @entity1 @entity320 has been well documented. In contrast, the existence of @entity5 -specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte to @entity43 remains controversial despite the abundant lymphocytic infiltrates in the @entity5 of these @entity1 . METHODS: Tumor-associated lymphocytes (TAL) from the @entity5 and @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from the solid @entity5 were isolated from six untreated @entity1 with @entity43 . TAL and TIL were grown with initial anti-cluster of differentiation of T cells (CD3), low-dose @entity1199 , and @entity5 stimulation. T-cell lines were analyzed in functional studies. RESULTS: At 5 weeks, TAL and TIL from five of six @entity1 were > 50% @entity405 +, and one of six was > 70% @entity404 +. In all five pairs of @entity405 positive cultures, both TAL and TIL exhibited high levels of @entity5 -specific @entity137 for @entity5 , respectively. T-cell recognition of @entity5 was mediated through the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex and was human leukocyte antigen class I restricted. TAL and TIL lysed autologous ascitic @entity5 equally well; however, TAL-mediated tumoricidal activity against autologous solid @entity5 was consistently and significantly poorer than TIL-mediated killing. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be expanded from both TAL and TIL. However, @entity48353 do not kill solid @entity5 as efficiently as TIL. This suggests the requirement of TIL, or a combination of TIL and TAL, for effective immunotherapy.

title: T-cell recognition of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'tumor', 'ascite and solid tumor', 'malignant ascites and solid tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity1 with a family history of @entity0 are commonly offered regular clinical or mammographic surveillance from age 30. Data on the efficacy of such programmes are limited. Clinical, pathological and outcome data were recorded on all @entity5344 diagnosed within @entity0 surveillance programmes at collaborating centers in Norway and the UK up to the end of 2005. These have been analyzed according to the mutation status of the affected @entity1 ( @entity5345 +ve, @entity2674 +ve or mutation-negative). @entity0 was diagnosed in 442 @entity1 subsequently followed for a total of 2095 years. Eighty-nine (20%) had @entity5345 mutations, 35 (8%) @entity2674 mutations and in 318 (72%) no mutation could be detected ("mut neg"). Five-year survival in @entity5345 was 73% compared to 96% in @entity2674 and 92% in mut neg (p = 0.000). Among @entity5345 mutation-carriers, 5-year survival was 67% for cases diagnosed as @entity189 in situ, 84% for node-negative invasive @entity5 and 58% for those with @entity13849 involvement (p > 0.05). For @entity2674 mutation-carriers the corresponding figures were 100, 100 and 90% (p > 0.05), while for mut neg @entity1 they were 100, 97 and 71% (p = 0.03). Regular surveillance in @entity1 at increased familial risk of @entity0 is associated with a good outcome if they carry @entity2674 mutations or no detectable mutation. Carriers of @entity5345 mutations fare significantly worse, even when their @entity5 are diagnosed at an apparently early stage. The differences in outcome associated with different genetic causes of disease were associated with demonstrated differences in @entity5 biology. The findings demonstrate the outcome for genetically different @entity0 detected within a programme for early diagnosis and treatment, which is relevant to genetic counseling when @entity1 at risk have to chose between the options for preventing @entity204 from inherited @entity0 .

title: Surveillance for XXXX : Differences in outcome according to @entity5345 mutation status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'familial breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['familial breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity1569 are known to suffer from @entity19157 . However, the data available regarding @entity19157 and its characteristics in @entity1569 are sparse. OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of @entity111 and various related clinical characteristics in 101 @entity1 with extensive @entity1569 . METHODS: A structured questionnaire was used. RESULTS: Generalized @entity111 was a feature of @entity1569 in 84% of the @entity1 . In 77% of these it appeared on a daily basis. It involved all areas of the body, had prolonged duration and appeared mainly in the evening and at night. The @entity111 significantly affected quality of life. Important daily factors that were found to exacerbate the @entity19157 were ambient heat (81%), skin dryness (80%), sweating (65%) and stress (55%). Important factors that were found to ameliorate @entity19157 were sleep (57%) and cold showers (55%). The @entity111 was found to be unresponsive to most available antipruritics, including phototherapy. @entity19157 intensity as reflected by a visual analogue scale did not correlate with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores; however, a highly significant correlation was obtained between the affective descriptors and @entity19157 intensity in the worst @entity19157 states (r = 0.6, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity111 is a common feature of @entity1569 and affects quality of life.

title: The prevalence and clinical characteristics of @entity111 among @entity1 with extensive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent studies have gained widespread information about the complex regulation of genetic, environmental, immunologic, and pharmacologic factors that contribute to the development of @entity56 inflammatory @entity272 such as @entity483 . Neuroimmune mechanisms, however, still remain to be elucidated. This review will focus on the interaction between the cutaneous immune and peripheral nervous system in @entity56 inflammatory skin such as @entity483 . RECENT FINDINGS: Neuropeptides and neuropeptide-positive nerve fibres are prominently increased in lesions of @entity483 . The density of nerve fibres is increased while peripheral nerve endings are in an active state of excitation. In this regard, neurotrophins particularly described for their functional role on nerve cells are also expressed in @entity483 skin. In addition, neurotrophins modulate the functional role of eosinophils as main target effector cells in @entity483 , as described recently. Interestingly, eosinophils are capable of @entity2252 as well as neuropeptide production itself, pointing to a bidirectional communication between neuronal cell populations and main target effector cells. SUMMARY: Neurotrophins and neuropeptides modulate both the functional activity of sensory neurons and immune cells. We have therefore developed the concept of a neuroimmune network between target effector cells and sensory nerves that links pathogenic events to dysfunctions of the cutaneous immune and peripheral nervous system in @entity56 inflammatory @entity272 .

title: Neuroimmunological findings in XXXX @entity272 .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']