abstract: BACKGROUND: Three @entity1 , ranging in age from 2 to 6 months, had diffuse and homogeneously opaque corneas, clinically consistent with @entity19769 . Bilateral elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was a feature in all three @entity1 . METHODS: Initially, all @entity1 underwent @entity726 surgery to reduce IOP. Subsequently, a penetrating keratoplasty was performed in one eye of each @entity1 to clear the @entity227 . The excised corneal button was examined by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Postoperatively, all @entity1 maintained clear corneal grafts. Results of histopathologic examination showed an absence of the endothelial cell layer in all @entity1 . The presence of a variably thick collagenous layer posterior to the anterior banded zone of Descemet's membrane and the absence of endothelial cells were noted on transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed absent, or scanty, and abnormal endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: The authors describe three @entity1 with a clear association between @entity10064 and @entity19769 . This combination should be suspected where persistent and total @entity2687 fails to resolve after normalization of IOP.

title: XXXX associated with @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity19769 :: ('MESH:C536439', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacification']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

answer: @entity19769 :: (MESH:C536439,Disease) :: ['Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies suggest that @entity6817 use may be inversely associated with risk of @entity263 , but prior studies have focused predominantly on non-Hispanic white populations. METHODS: We evaluated the association between statin use and @entity263 risk in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). Study @entity1 were 32,091 @entity1 aged 40-79 at baseline, 67% of whom were @entity7864 . Between study enrollment (2002-2009) and December 31, 2010, 570 @entity263 cases were diagnosed, including 324 @entity5 (Gleason score <7 or Gleason pattern 3   +   4) and 107 high-grade @entity5 (Gleason score >7 or Gleason pattern 4   +   3). Analyses of @entity263 were conducted using Cox regression and analyses of grade-specific @entity5 were conducted using competing risks models. RESULTS: Ten percent of @entity7864 @entity1 and 22% of non-Hispanic white @entity1 reported use of statins at study enrollment. As compared to non-use, statin use was associated with a non-significant 14% lower risk of @entity263 in multivariable models (Hazard Ratio [HR]:0.86; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.63-1.18). This association was stronger for high-grade @entity5 (HR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.30, 1.28) than low-grade @entity5 (HR:0.98; 95%CI: 0.65-1.48). Results were similar by race/ethnicity (p-interaction: 0.41) and did not vary by history of @entity1486 [PSA] screening (p-interaction: 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest no strong association between statin use and @entity263 risk overall, and further suggest that if a modest protective effect does exist, it does not vary by race/ethnicity and may be restricted to high-grade @entity5 , although power to detect differences by subgroup was limited. Prostate 75:1384-1393, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX use and risk of @entity263 : Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic black']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['overall prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'low-grade cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity6817 :: (D019821,Chemical) :: ['Statin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The chordae tendinae (CT) are strong, fibrous connections between the valve leaflets and the papillary muscles. Dysfunction of the papillary muscles and chordae is frequent. Mitral valve replacement with preservation of CT and papillary muscles may preserve postoperative left ventricular function better than conventional mitral valve replacement in @entity1 with chronic @entity339 . METHODS: The study was carried out on 116 @entity1 cadaveric hearts. The heart was opened through the atrioventricular valve to view the constituents of the complex. Origin, attachments, insertions, distribution, branching pattern and gross structure of CT were observed and studied in detail. RESULTS: In the present study more than 21 terminologies of CT were defined by classifying it into six different types. Classification is done according to the origin, attachments, insertion, distribution, branching pattern and gross structure. Terminologies defined are as follows. @entity661 chordae, Basal pillar chordae, True chordae, False chordae, Interpillar chordae, Pillar wall chordae, @entity4206 chordae, Cleft chordae, Commissural chordae, First order chordae, Second order chordae, Free zone chordae, Marginal chordae, Rough zone chordae, Straight chordae, Branched-fan shaped chordae, Spiral chordae, Irregular-web chordae, Tendinous chordae, Muscular chordae, Membranous chordae. Basal pillar chordae are found in 9.48%. Mean number of chordae taking origin from apical half of a single papillary muscle or single head of papillary muscle was 9.09 with the range of 3-18. Mean number of the marginal chordae attached to a single @entity4206 was 22.63 ranging from 11 to 35. Strut chordae showed interesting insertion with broad aponeurosis in 38.79% and large muscular flaps in 13.79%. Chordae muscularis were found in 14% and membranous chordae were found in 6%. CONCLUSIONS: This knowledge may prove useful for cardiologists and cardiac surgeons.

title: Morphological study of chordae tendinae in XXXX cadaveric hearts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Apical pillar']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Anisakiosis is a @entity281 that follows consumption of raw or insufficiently pickled, salted, smoked, or cooked wild marine fish infected with Anisakis sp. larvae. We report a case of intestinal anisakiosis in a 50-year-old @entity1 from Quebec who presented with @entity490 and peripheral @entity1712 after eating raw wild-caught salmon from the Pacific Ocean off Canada. Abdominal CT scan showed bowel distension proximal to a segmental jejunal wall thickening, which was resected. The jejunum segment showed a localized area of @entity11534 with @entity4 and a @entity733 rich in eosinophils surrounding a parasite consistent with the third larval stage of Anisakis sp. Diagnostic morphologic characteristics included an unpaired excretory gland (renette cell), Y-shaped lateral epidermal cords, no apparent reproductive system, and a ventriculus (glandular esophagus). These features and the absence of lateral alae excluded Ascaris sp. The absence of ventricular appendage and intestinal cecum excluded other anisakids of the genera Pseudoterranova and Contracaecum. As the popularity of eating raw fish is growing in North America, anisakiosis may be diagnosed more frequently in surgical specimens. This @entity281 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity697 and eosinophilic infiltrates of the stomach, small intestine, colon, omentum, and mesentery, especially with a history of raw marine fish consumption.

title: XXXX intestinal anisakiosis due to consumption of raw salmon.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute abdominal syndromes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal edema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal abscess']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated whether increasing size of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) @entity3 is associated with lower @entity0 -specific survival (BCSS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) independent of the number of positive LNs.  Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data, we identified 8791 @entity1 diagnosed between 1990 and 2003 with node-positive, non-metastatic @entity0 treated with surgery and axillary @entity1600 dissection. Size of the largest involved @entity1600 @entity3 was categorized as   <=2  mm,  >2  mm to  <2  cm, and  >= 2  cm. BCSS and @entity1349 were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank statistics. @entity2166 (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.  Median follow-up was 109  months. Largest @entity1600 size was   <=2  mm,  >2  mm to  <2  cm, and  >= 2  cm in 2219 (25.2  %), 5047 (57.4  %), and 1525 (17.3  %) @entity1 , respectively. The 10-year BCSS for @entity1 with LNs   <=2  mm,  >2  mm to  <2  cm, and  >= 2  cm was 82.9, 75.5, 64.8  %, respectively (p  <  0.001). On multivariable analysis, large (>= 2  cm) @entity1600 size was significantly associated with worsened BCSS (HR: 1.169; p  =  0.026) and @entity1349 (HR: 1.169; p  =  0.006) in addition to age, race, grade, PR status, adjuvant radiation, @entity5 , and number of positive LNs.  Large (>= 2  cm) LNs @entity3 were associated with lower BCSS and @entity1349 after controlling for other known prognostic factors including number of positive LNs. @entity1600 size could be useful to risk-stratify @entity1 for adjuvant therapy if these results are validated in future prospective studies.

title: Effect of lymph node @entity3 size on @entity0 -specific and @entity1349 in XXXX with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['Adjusted hazard ratios']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to find the threshold of benefit for a hypothetical @entity165 -lowering drug below which the subject would not be prepared to take the drug. We also looked at whether proximity to the target event ( @entity583 ) and the subjects' views on drug taking affected this threshold. DESIGN: We studied 307 subjects using a written questionnaire and interview. Group 1 (102 subjects) had just been discharged from the coronary care unit. Group 2 (105 subjects) were taking cardio-protective drugs but had no recent history of @entity583 . Group 3 (100 subjects) had no history of @entity583 and were taking no cardio-protective drugs. RESULTS: Median values for the threshold of benefit below which the subject would not take the preventive drug were 20%, 20%, and 30% absolute risk reduction for Groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Median values for expectation of average prolongation of life were 12, 12 and 18 months respectively. Only 27% of subjects would take a drug offering 5% or less absolute risk reduction over five years. Subjects' views on medicinal drug taking in general and proximity to the target event were predictors of the acceptance of preventive drugs. Eighty percent of subjects wished to be told the numerical benefit of a preventive drug before starting on it. CONCLUSION: For the majority, the expectation of benefit from a preventive drug is higher than the actual benefit provided by current drug strategies. There is a tension between the @entity1 's right to know about the chance of benefiting from a preventive drug and the likely reduction in uptake if they are so informed.

title: Are preventive drugs preventive enough? A study of XXXX ' expectation of benefit from preventive drugs.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of intraoperative @entity221 (IOHT) in the management of stage IV @entity788 . Twenty-seven @entity1 (group A) received pre-operative chemotherapy ( @entity1487 ), by-pass surgery with intraoperative bolus infusion of @entity1487 and post-operatively multi-agent chemotherapy plus @entity2390 and external beam irradiation (45Gy, 25 fractions, 5 days a week). In a non-randomized way, 10 @entity1 (group B) received an additional single session of IOHT (43-45 degrees C, 1h) performed directly on the @entity5 using a waveguide applicator (433MHz) with interstitial measurements of temperature measured. A brief instrument was developed for evaluating @entity1 ' quality of life. No @entity74 ( @entity74 ) was noticed in group B vs 11% (3/27) of @entity74 in group A. There was also a significant increase of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in group B vs A @entity1 (p = 0.029, log-rank test). Moreover, there was a significant improvement for group B vs A @entity1 regarding Karnofsky performance status (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney test), @entity158 score (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney test) and quality of life score (p = 0.031, Mann-Whitney test). A significant correlation was noticed between @entity1349 and thermal parameters such as average T(min) (p = 0.043), average T(max) (p = 0.027) and cumulative minutes T(90) >or= 44 degrees C (p < 0.001). Combined IOHT with chemotherapy (pre-, intra- and post-operative) and external beam post-operative radiotherapy seem to have a potential benefit in the management of unresectable @entity420 , concerning local response, @entity1349 and quality of life. Further clinical studies to evaluate the benefit of IOHT suggested in this study are warranted.

title: Intraoperative @entity221 in conjunction with multi-schedule chemotherapy (pre-, intra- and post-operative), by-pass surgery, and post-operative radiotherapy for the management of unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['sandostatin']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) comprise interesting candidates for myocardial regeneration because of a broad differentiation ability and immune privilege. We aimed to compare the improvement of cardiac function by syngeneic and allogeneic MAPC produced on a large scale using a platform optimized from MAPC research protocols. METHODS: @entity583 was induced in Lewis @entity35 by direct left anterior descending ligation followed immediately by direct injection into the @entity1188 border zone of either Sprague-Dawley or Lewis MAPC from large-scale expansions. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate improvement in cardiac function, and immunohistochemistry was performed to identify MAPC within the @entity1188 zone. RESULTS: Significant increases were observed in functional performance in animals transplanted with expanded MAPC compared with saline controls, with no significant differences between the syngeneic and allogeneic groups. Immunostaining demonstrated significant engraftment of expanded MAPC at 1 day after @entity583 , with <10% of either syngeneic or allogeneic cells remaining at 6 weeks. At this point there was no evidence of myocardial regeneration. However, a significant increase in vascular density within the @entity1188 zone in MAPC-transplanted animals was observed, and MAPC were found to produce high levels of @entity6667 in culture. DISCUSSION: These findings support a model in which delivery of expanded MAPC following @entity583 results in improvement in cardiac function because of paracrine effects resulting in vascular density increases, as well as potentially other trophic effects, supporting newly injured cardiac myocytes. Thus transplantation with MAPC may represent a promising therapeutic strategy with application in the stimulation of @entity2295 in @entity741 .

title: Direct delivery of syngeneic and allogeneic large-scale expanded multipotent adult progenitor cells improves cardiac function after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10208 ( @entity10208 ) is a metabolic inborn error and is characterized by increasing excursion of @entity10209 and its derivates, presented in @entity4242 and @entity3519 . The disease is resulted from mutational inactivation in the @entity45935 gene encoding the @entity65662 dehydrogenase. The defective enzyme causes the accumulation of an excessive level of intermediate breakdown products that leads to the @entity75 . In spite of the clinical features, diagnosis of GAI has been often confusing, because of variability in the clinical manifestations of @entity1 . Early diagnosis and treatment can though prevent irreversible disease progression and consequent @entity75 ; otherwise the affected individuals will die in their first decade of lives. METHODS: The @entity45935 gene was also analyzed to (detect or identify) disease causing mutations using gene amplification and direct sequencing in 18 @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 18 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 (55.5%) were homozygous or compounded heterozygous for the recurrent mutation @entity65663 , three @entity1 (16.7%) were homozygous for the known mutation @entity65664 and one @entity1 (5.6%) was compound heterozygous for @entity65665 . All three detected missense mutations are pathogenic, which cause structural changes in the binding site and tetramerization or functional deficiency. Four other individuals (22.2%) with a preliminary diagnosis of GAI were negative for any pathogenic mutations. CONCLUSION: Most @entity10208 affected @entity1 in southwest Iran are with Persian ethnicity and the most common mutation in Khuzestan Province is prominent in comparison to   previous reports from Iran.

title: Molecular determination of XXXX in individuals from southwest Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity10208 :: ('MESH:D054069', 'Disease') :: ['Glutaric Aciduria type 1', 'GA1']

entities_list: @entity65662 :: ('MESH:C015901', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaryl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity10209 :: ('MESH:C035736', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaric acid']

answer: @entity10208 :: (MESH:D054069,Disease) :: ['glutaric aciduria type I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary valve and left ventricular outflow tract abnormalities (LVOT) may not be absolute contraindications to arterial switch operation (ASO). METHODS: In this study we analyze long-term outcome for 26 such transposition @entity1 (6.3% of our ASO cohort). Median age and weight were 69 days (7 to 3,631 days) and 4.5 kg (2.6 to 34 kg). @entity358 included bicuspid valve (n = 4) and @entity6349 valve (n = 5). The @entity1002 (n = 17) included accessory atrioventricular valve/endocardial cushion tissue, fibromuscular ring, anomalous muscle bands, and @entity9009 . @entity1 with dynamic @entity3585 were excluded. The median preoperative left @entity358 peak systolic pressure gradient was 30 mm (0 to 93 mm), or 50 mm (16 to 93 mm) if @entity1 with isolated @entity340 are excluded. The ASO was performed according to our standard technique with or without LVOT resection or pulmonary valvotomy as required. RESULTS: There were two perioperative @entity204 (7.7%; 95% confidence interval, 0.9% to 25%), and no late @entity204 during 1,934 @entity1 -months of follow-up time. Actuarial freedom from reoperation for neoaortic valve or LVOT problems is 87% (+/- 7) at 130 months, representing two reoperations. One was performed for @entity1887 plus @entity3585 , and the other for isolated @entity3585 . One @entity1 currently has significant @entity1887 , and median gradient at last follow-up is 0 mm Hg (range, 0 to 35 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS: The ASO can be performed in selected @entity1 with @entity3886 and with @entity1002 with early and late survival and functional status similar to that of matched @entity1 with normal pulmonary valves and LVOT (p > 0.05), but with a greater hazard for reoperation (p < 0.05). Selection for ASO should be based on anatomic criteria rather than left @entity358 gradient alone, to avoid assigning these @entity1 with @entity3886 to treatment strategies less satisfactory than ASO.

title: Arterial switch in hearts with left ventricular outflow and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['septal malalignment']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['LVOT obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['neoaortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular to pulmonary artery', 'Pulmonary valve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVOT abnormalities']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary valve abnormalities']


abstract: PURPOSE: We correlated platelet @entity703 characteristics, and evaluated the potential prognostic value of @entity1148 in localized and @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 804 @entity1 operated on for a @entity703 in 2 French centers were included in this study. In all cases TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, @entity5 size, nodal invasion, ECOG score, histological subtype and platelet count were recorded. Survival estimates were compared with the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox model. RESULTS: There were 538 (66.9%) males and 266 (33%) females (ratio 2.02) in the @entity1 group. Median age was 62 years. T stages were T1, T2, T3 and T4 in 284 (35.3%), 116 (14.4%), 387 (48.1%) and 17 (2.1%), respectively. There were 112 (13.9%) and 126 (15.7%) @entity1 with nodal and metastatic invasion, respectively. Platelet count was strongly correlated with T stage (p < 0.001), Fuhrman grade (p < 0.001), @entity5 size (p < 0.001), nodal invasion (p < 0.001) and the presence of distant @entity3 (p = 0.01). In univariate analysis all studied factors were significantly predictive of survival (p = 0.0001). @entity1148 had an impact on prognosis in localized (p < 0.001) and metastatic (p = 0.003) disease. Several factors were retained in multivariate analysis, namely TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, @entity5 size, ECOG score and platelet count. In cases with a platelet count of less than 450,000/mm3, the 5-year survival rate was 70%, compared to 38% when the platelet count was 450,000/mm3 or greater. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet count appears to be an independent prognostic factor in @entity1358 . It reflects a cascade of biological events correlated with @entity146 . This observation opens new perspectives for exploring carcinogenesis mechanisms and @entity5 progression in @entity1358 .

title: Prognostic value of XXXX in @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytosis', 'thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'count to renal tumor']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['thrombocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breastfed @entity1 @entity1 are predominantly colonized by bifidobacteria that thrive on @entity1 milk oligosaccharides (HMO). Two predominant species of bifidobacteria in @entity1 feces are @entity14914 ( @entity14914 ) and @entity13854 . infantis (B. infantis), both of which include avid HMO-consumer strains. Our laboratory has previously shown that B. infantis, when grown on HMO, increases adhesion to intestinal cells and increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity688 . The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of @entity505 source- @entity413 , @entity1132 , or HMO-on the ability of @entity14914 and B. infantis to adhere to and affect the transcription of intestinal epithelial cells on a genome-wide basis. RESULTS: HMO-grown B. infantis had higher percent binding to Caco-2 cell monolayers compared to B. infantis grown on @entity413 or @entity1132 . @entity14914 had low adhesive ability regardless of @entity505 source. Despite differential binding ability, both HMO-grown strains significantly differentially affected the Caco-2 transcriptome compared to their @entity413 or @entity1132 grown controls. HMO-grown @entity14914 and B. infantis both downregulated genes in Caco-2 cells associated with chemokine activity. CONCLUSION: The choice of @entity505 source affects the interaction of bifidobacteria with intestinal epithelial cells. HMO-grown bifidobacteria reduce markers of @entity32 , compared to @entity413 or @entity1132 -grown bifidobacteria. In the future, the design of preventative or therapeutic probiotic supplements may need to include appropriately chosen prebiotics.

title: Bifidobacteria grown on @entity1 milk oligosaccharides downregulate the expression of XXXX -related genes in Caco-2 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13854 :: ('216816', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium longum subsp']

entities_list: @entity14914 :: ('1685', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium breve', 'B. breve']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Elemental @entity349 (Hg(0)) in flue gases can be efficiently captured by mercury chloride ( @entity3143 ) solution. However, the absorption behaviors and the influencing effects are still poorly understood. The mechanism of Hg(0) absorption by @entity3143 and the factors that control the removal were studied in this paper. It was found that when the mole ratio of Cl(-) to @entity3143 is 10:1, the @entity37359 removal efficiency is the highest. Among the main mercury chloride species, HgCl3(-) is the most efficient ion for Hg(0) removal in the @entity3143 absorption system when moderate concentrations of @entity2865 ions exist. The Hg(0) absorption reactions in the aqueous phase were investigated computationally using Moller-Plesset perturbation theory. The calculated Gibbs free energies and energy barriers are in excellent agreement with the results obtained from experiments. In the presence of @entity18765 and @entity9734 , @entity10694 reduction occurred and Hg(0) removal efficiency decreased. The reduced Hg(0) removal can be controlled through increased @entity2865 concentration to some degree. Low pH value in @entity3143 solution enhanced the Hg(0) removal efficiency, and the effect was more significant in dilute @entity3143 solutions. The presence of @entity597 and @entity8326 did not affect Hg(0) removal by @entity3143 .

title: Absorption characteristics of elemental XXXX in mercury chloride solutions.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity583 is an important cause of mortality after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). @entity2614 provides myocardial protection to @entity1 undergoing coronary surgery, but whether it also reduces the incidence of @entity296 in CEA @entity1 is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the cardioprotective effect of low-dose @entity2614 with @entity1875 in @entity1 undergoing CEA. METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized study conducted between November 2011 and December 2013. The study population of 122 @entity1 who underwent CEA were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (n = 62) received @entity1875 for anesthetic maintenance, and Group B (n = 60) additionally received 0.8% end-tidal @entity2614 . The bispectral index was kept at 40-60. @entity296 , defined as @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) levels >0.04 ng/ml, was the primary end-point. Levels of @entity6949 were measured before anesthesia, and at 4, 24, and 72 h after surgery. Perioperative hemodynamic parameters and adverse cardiovascular events after surgery were also recorded. RESULTS: @entity296 was detected in 18 @entity1 in Group A and 7 in Group B. The difference was statistically significant (29.0% vs. 11.7%, P = 0.018). The hemodynamic parameters were comparable between the groups, as were adverse cardiovascular events (P = 0.619). CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity2614 inhalation along with @entity1875 reduces the incidence of @entity296 in symptomatic @entity1 after CEA.

title: Protective Effect of Low-dose @entity2614 Inhalation and XXXX Anesthesia on the Myocardium after Carotid Endarterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'Myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['Propofol']


abstract: Promising new drugs are being evaluated for treatment of @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ), but their impact should be measured against the expected outcome in @entity1 failing current therapies. However, the natural history of @entity66 in the current era remains unclear. We studied 286 @entity1 with relapsed @entity1582 , who were refractory to @entity1749 and were relapsed following, refractory to or ineligible to receive, an IMiD (immunomodulatory drug), had measurable disease, and ECOG PS of 0, 1 or 2. The date @entity1 satisfied the entry criteria was defined as time zero (T(0)). The median age at diagnosis was 58 years, and time from diagnosis to T(0) was 3.3 years. Following T(0), 213 (74%) @entity1 had a treatment recorded with one or more regimens (median=1; range 0-8). The first regimen contained @entity1749 in 55 (26%) @entity1 and an IMiD in 70 (33%). A minor response or better was seen to at least one therapy after T(0) in 94 @entity1 (44%) including >=  partial response in 69 (32%). The median overall survival and event-free survival from T(0) were 9 and 5 months, respectively. This study confirms the poor outcome, once @entity1 become refractory to current treatments. The results provide context for interpreting ongoing trials of new drugs.

title: Risk of progression and survival in @entity1582 relapsing after therapy with IMiDs and XXXX : a multicenter international @entity1582 working group study.

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['bortezomib']


abstract: Functional activity of the vestibular system in relation to behavioral state of fetal @entity742 in utero was studied by cooling and heating of the fetal middle ear and skin (control) with implanted @entity920 -tube heat exchangers. Eye movements and fetal cortical activity were assessed before, during, and after 2 min irrigations with water at 6, 46, or 39.5 degrees C (isothermic). Cold water induced slow-phase eye movements toward the irrigated ear followed by saccades toward the opposite ear after a delay of several seconds. The direction of the response reversed with warm water, and saccades were absent during irrigation with body-temperature water. Cold-water irrigations of the skin over the jaw did not result in @entity346 . Arousal-like responses were elicited with thermal stimulation of the ear or facial skin while the fetus was in either @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) or non- @entity1319 states. Circulation of 39.5 degrees C water through the ear also produced arousal-like responses, possibly due to turbulence-induced noises in the heat exchanger or slight deviations between the irrigation temperature and the actual fetal inner ear temperature. These results suggest that mechanisms responsible for saccade suppression during depressed levels of consciousness (i.e. sleep) are inactive in utero. Fetal behavioral state responsiveness to vestibular and somatosensory thermal stimulation may be of great significance, especially in the premature neonate.

title: Vestibular caloric responses and behavioral state in the fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid eye movement']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: AIM: @entity421 is a highly malignant primary @entity3478 . The study aim to evaluate the prognostic factors influencing the survival rate in our center. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of all @entity1 treated between January 2005 and December 2010. RESULTS: We included 163 @entity1 with an age range of 6-59 years (median   =   19). The median follow-up was 47 months (range 36-84). The overall survival in @entity1 who completed chemotherapy and surgery (n   =   117) was 72% at 2 years and 44% at 5 years. Histologically, 99 (85%) had osteoblastic, 6 (5%) had chondroblastic and 3 (2.5%) had @entity421 . Limb salvage surgery was performed in 80 (49%) and 41 (25%) underwent amputation. However, 46 @entity1 (28%) underwent no surgical intervention and incomplete chemotherapy. In total, 38/79 @entity1 had a good chemotherapy response. There was a significantly better survival rate for limb salvage versus amputation. Independent prognostic factors for survival are compliance to treatment and presence of lung metastasis. CONCLUSION: The overall survival of @entity421 @entity1 was influenced by the presence of pulmonary metastases and compliance to treatment. Histological subtype, different chemotherapy regimens and histological @entity39 after chemotherapy did not significantly influence survival. The @entity1 who did not complete treatment had significantly poorer survival.

title: Prognostic factors and survival rate of XXXX : A single-institution study.

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'telangiectatic osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumor']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalences of @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ) are increasing in the United States. We sought to determine whether nationwide rates of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) hospitalizations have increased in response to temporal trends in prevalence. METHODS: We identified all admissions with a primary diagnosis of @entity30 or @entity31 , or 1 of their complications in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 1998 and 2004. National estimates of hospitalization rates and rates of surgery were determined using the U.S. Census population as the denominator. RESULTS: There were an estimated 359,124 and 214,498 admissions for @entity30 and @entity31 , respectively. The overall hospitalization rate for @entity30 was 18.0 per 100,000 and that for @entity31 was 10.8 per 100,000. There was a 4.3% annual relative increase in hospitalization rate for @entity30 (P < 0.0001) and a 3.0% annual increase for @entity31 (P < 0.0001). Surgery rates were 3.4 bowel resections per 100,000 for @entity30 and 1.2 colectomies per 100,000 for @entity31 and remained stable. There were no temporal patterns for average length of stay for @entity30 (5.8 days) or for @entity31 (6.8 days). The national estimate of total inpatient charges attributable to @entity30 increased from  762 million to  1,330 million between 1998 and 2004, and that for @entity31 increased from  592 million to  945 million. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization rates for @entity29 , particularly @entity30 , have increased within a 7-year period, incurring a substantial rise in inflation-adjusted economic burden. The findings reinforce the need for effective treatment strategies to reduce @entity29 complications.

title: Rising hospitalization rates for XXXX in the United States between 1998 and 2004.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Heterotrimeric G proteins are important in growth-regulating signal transduction. The aim of this study was to characterize the relative expression of G protein alpha subunits in @entity35 colonocytes, colonocyte antipodal plasma membranes, and @entity694 . METHODS: Antipodal plasma membranes were prepared from isolated colonocytes. @entity2985 was administered to @entity35 to induce @entity694 . @entity7504 mutations in the @entity5 were determined by oligonucleotide hybridization and confirmed by primer mediated-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Colonocyte and @entity5 homogenates or membranes were probed for Galpha subunits by Western blotting with isoform-specific antibodies. RESULTS: The expressions of @entity22684 , alphai3, and alphaq/11 were significantly enriched in the basolateral compared with brush border fraction of colonic antipodal plasma membranes. In @entity5 without @entity7504 mutations, the expression of @entity22684 increased 4-fold, Galphas(long) increased 2.5-fold, and Galphai3 increased 1.5-2-fold. Expression did not differ among @entity5 grades. @entity7504 mutations were associated with lowered expression of G proteins, especially Galphao. CONCLUSIONS: In colonocytes, Galpha subunits are localized primarily in basolateral plasma membranes. The increased expressions of @entity22684 and, to a lesser degree, Galphai3 and Galphas(long) in @entity5 was independent of @entity5 grade but was modulated by the presence of @entity7504 mutations.

title: Expression of G protein alpha subunits in normal @entity35 colon and in XXXX -induced @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2985 :: ('MESH:D001397', 'Chemical') :: ['Azoxymethane']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic neoplasms']

answer: @entity2985 :: (MESH:D001397,Chemical) :: ['azoxymethane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The procedure of choice for @entity5845 remains controversial. One of the most effective treatments is the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS), which is, however, associated with a significant morbidity rate. Adjustable gastric banding (AGB) by the laparoscopic approach is an easier procedure with the intent to reduce complication rates. It replaced the sleeve gastrectomy in this study. The objective was to assess the feasibility and safety of this new laparoscopic treatment. METHODS: AGB with duodenal switch (DS) was performed laparoscopically with 7 trocars. A gastric band was appropriately placed below the gastroesophageal junction, followed by BPD/DS with a 250-cm alimentary channel and a 100-cm common channel. RESULTS: All 5 @entity1 were @entity1 , with mean preoperative BMI 52.2 kg/m(2) (40.6 to 64.4). The operations were performed via laparoscopy in a mean of 206 +/- 35 minutes. There was no @entity260 , @entity281 or conversion. Mean hospital stay was 8.8 days (8-11). At 12 months, mean BMI @entity3482 .8 kg/m(2) (26.1-46.0), with continuing weight loss and no @entity4988 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that laparoscopic AGB/DS is feasible, with a low morbidity rate. This technique could combine the long-term weight loss of malabsorptive procedures, with a low-morbidity, adjustable, restrictive procedure. This technique could be used in selected @entity1 , but requires a larger study with longer follow-up.

title: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding with duodenal switch for XXXX : technique and preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: AIM: Implementation and validation of an automatic registration method based on mutual information (MI) for the integration of @entity1514 and abdominal positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) studies, with the purpose to facilitate in a clinical context the inclusion of PET metabolic information in conformal radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: Registration was obtained by modeling a rigid spatial transformation between CT and PET transmission studies. The registration method was based on Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), by iteratively transforming the PET volume, until its optimal alignment to the CT study is achieved, in correspondence of the maximum of NMI. To avoid entrapment in local maxima and to improve convergence speed we introduced a multiresolution scheme. Accuracy of the proposed approach was investigated in experimental data, relative to phantom and @entity1 studies, acquired in conditions similar to clinical situations. RESULTS: In phantom studies the mean error in the 3D space is 3.6 mm (range 3-4 mm) in @entity1514 region and 3.2 mm (range 2.9-3.7 mm) in abdominal region, considerably less than PET spatial resolution. In @entity1 studies the spatial mean error increases with respect to phantom studies (5.4 mm and 5.2 mm for thorax and abdomen, respectively) but remains comparable to the PET spatial resolution. The accuracy of spatial realignment was thus found adequate for the registration of PET/CT registration, if good @entity1 repositioning was adopted. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed registration method, based on MI, was validated for the integration of PET/CT studies of @entity1 candidate for @entity1514 and abdominal conformal RT. The method is automatic and provided with a user interface, thus suitable for clinical use.

title: Automatic registration of PET and CT studies for clinical use in XXXX and abdominal conformal radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity150 is one of the most common @entity5 of the urinary tract. The poor 5-year survival rate of @entity150 represents a challenge for @entity150 treatment. Previous studies demonstrated that @entity1 @entity189 is susceptible to infection by @entity8315 . We used @entity8315 virus-like particles to deliver genes into @entity1 @entity189 cells for possible therapeutic investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reporter plasmids (pEGFP-N3) for expressing green fluorescent protein, LacZ expression plasmids bearing cytomegalovirus or @entity2355 promoter and a functional plasmid (pUMVC1-tk) for expressing @entity1014 kinase were packaged into @entity8315 virus-like particles. Plasmid DNAs were transduced via the @entity8315 virus-like particles into @entity1 @entity189 cells in  vitro and into xenografted @entity1 @entity150 nodules in  vivo. RESULTS: pEGFP-N3 DNA was delivered and green fluorescent protein was expressed in @entity1 @entity189 cells in  vitro and in the tumor nodules of @entity19 in  vivo. The @entity1014 kinase transgene also functioned in  vitro and in  vivo after @entity8315 virus-like particle transduction. The @entity1014 kinase gene transduced @entity189 nodules were drastically reduced in the presence of @entity1033 . In addition, we noted selective @entity2355 -LacZ expression in @entity1 @entity189 cells transduced by @entity8315 virus-like particles. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide a possible future approach to @entity1 @entity189 gene therapy using @entity8315 virus-like particles.

title: Inhibition of @entity1 @entity150 Growth by a Suicide Gene Delivered by XXXX Virus-Like Particles in a @entity19 Model.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity8315 :: ('10632', 'Species') :: ['JC polyomavirus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer', 'invasive bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity8315 :: (10632,Species) :: ['JC Polyomavirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity420 with @entity133 ( @entity133 ) features is a subtype of @entity1149 characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction composed of macrophages and neutrophils and by a distinct natural history with intrapulmonary spread leading to @entity204 due to @entity1576 . We hypothesized that neutrophils could promote aerogenous @entity2220 with @entity133 features. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We examined the effect of neutrophils on A549 cell line detachment in vitro and we quantified desquamation of @entity5 cells on @entity5 tissue (n = 25) and on matched bronchioloalveolar lavage (n = 17) in vivo in a series of @entity1 with @entity420 with @entity133 features. RESULTS: Neutrophils induced @entity1713 mediated by signals through cell-to-cell contact. Detached A549 cells were still viable and able to proliferate in vitro. Neutralization studies identified several membrane-bound molecules involved in detachment (i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1/lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, @entity5 necrosis factor alpha/ @entity5 necrosis factor alpha receptor inhibitor, @entity1192 / @entity1192 receptor, and neutrophil elastase). In @entity5 tissue, shedding was detected in all samples, with a median shedding score of 42% (range, 4-95%). Micropapillary clusters were detected in 23 of the 25 @entity5 tissue samples, with a median micropapillary score of 1.40 (range, 0-2.1), and @entity5 cells were detected in 7 of 17 lavages. The micropapillary score was associated with a high neutrophil count in bronchioloalveolar lavage (P = 0.051). The shedding cell percentage was a significant factor in shorter survival (P = 0.034, univariate Cox analysis). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 shedding is induced by neutrophils. It is a significant factor of shorter survival and may be an important event in @entity420 progression.

title: Neutrophils promote aerogenous XXXX with @entity133 features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinoma', 'BAC']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1alpha']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['spread of lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['spread of lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity12040 is a rare large vessel @entity1333 with incompletely understood etiology. This study was undertaken to perform the first unbiased genome-wide association analysis of @entity12040 . METHODS: Two independent cohorts of @entity1 with @entity12040 from @entity233 and North America were included in our study. The Turkish cohort consisted of 559 @entity1 and 489 controls, and the North American cohort consisted of 134 @entity1 and 1,047 controls of European ancestry. Genotyping was performed using the Omni1-Quad and Omni2.5 genotyping arrays. Genotyping data were subjected to rigorous quality control measures and subsequently analyzed to discover genetic susceptibility loci for @entity12040 . RESULTS: We identified genetic susceptibility loci for @entity12040 with a genome-wide level of significance in @entity650 ( @entity40492 ) (odds ratio [OR] 2.07, P = 6.70 * 10(-9)), @entity31975 / @entity65892 ( @entity65893 ) (OR 1.65, P = 2.34 * 10(-8)), and an intergenic locus on chromosome 21q22 ( @entity65894 ) (OR 1.79, P = 3.62 * 10(-10)). The genetic susceptibility locus in @entity31975 / @entity65892 lies within the leukocyte receptor complex gene cluster on chromosome 19q13.4, and the disease risk variant in this locus correlates with reduced expression of multiple genes including the inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor gene @entity65892 (P = 2.29 * 10(-8)). In addition, we identified candidate susceptibility genes with suggestive levels of association (P < 1 * 10(-5)) with @entity12040 , including @entity11399 , @entity63044 , @entity59303 / @entity65895 , and @entity25449 . CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate novel genetic susceptibility loci for @entity12040 and uncover potentially important aspects of the pathophysiology of this form of @entity1333 .

title: Identification of Susceptibility Loci in @entity650 , XXXX / @entity65892 , and an Intergenic Locus on Chromosome 21q22 in Takayasu Arteritis in a Genome-Wide Association Study.

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

answer: @entity31975 :: (6203,Gene) :: ['RPS9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported the presence of @entity2235 (SV40) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or protein in @entity1 @entity1313 and @entity3478 , @entity3620 , and @entity1893 . However, the small samples and lack of control groups in some reports have made it difficult to assess their reliability. METHODS: Studies were included in this analysis if they met the following criteria: original studies of @entity1 with primary @entity1313 and @entity3478 , @entity3620 , or @entity1893 ; the investigation of SV40 was performed on primary @entity5 specimens; the analysis included a control group; and the same technique was used for cases and controls. Included reports were published from 1975 to 2002. RESULTS: Thirteen studies fulfilled the criteria for the investigation of primary @entity1313 (661 @entity5 and 482 control samples). Specimens from @entity1 with @entity1313 were almost four times more likely to have evidence of SV40 infection than were those from controls (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6 to 5.8). The association was even stronger for @entity2615 (OR = 17; 95% CI: 10 to 28; based on 15 studies with 528 @entity2615 samples and 468 control samples) and for @entity3478 (OR = 25; 95% CI: 6.8 to 88; based on four studies with 303 @entity5 and 121 control samples). SV40 DNA was also more frequent in samples from @entity1 with @entity1893 (OR = 5.4; 95% CI: 3.1 to 9.3; based on three studies with 301 cases and 578 control samples) than from controls. CONCLUSION: These results establish that SV40 is associated significantly with @entity1313 , @entity3478 , @entity3620 , and @entity1893 . Studies are needed to assess current prevalence of SV40 infections.

title: @entity2235 in XXXX @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone cancers', 'bone cancer']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancers', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: TREATMENT OF PAIN: Undertreatment of @entity282 in @entity1 is a problem in clinical practice. This is due to a lack of both knowledge about age-specific aspects of physiology and pharmacology, and routine @entity158 assessment. For example, the fear of side-effects prevents the adequate usage of opioids. It is of major importance to select a route of drug administration where the @entity1 feels comfortable with (avoid intramuscular injections). NON-OPIOID ANALGESICS: Non-opioid analgesics are recommended for basic @entity158 treatment after minor surgical procedures. Instead of using the whole multitude of drugs available, the doctor should stick to those drugs he is familiar with ( @entity1443 , @entity5018 , @entity3522 , @entity10964 ). OPIOIDS: Opioid usage requires individual dose titration and careful monitoring of side-effects (respiratory monitoring, sedation score). The strong opioids @entity22730 and @entity1286 may advantageously be administered as either continuous, or @entity1 -controlled iv- infusion (PCA). FORMS OF THERAPY: In addition to infiltration anesthesia, intraoperatively applied nerve blocks provide excellent @entity158 relief. Epidural analgesia with local anesthetics and/or opioids via a thoracic or lumbar epidural catheter is a therapeutic option after thoracic or abdominal surgery, or after extensive orthopedic or urological interventions. Adjuvant analgesics and nonpharmacologic interventions, i. e. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), are primarily indicated in @entity1 suffering from @entity9 . CONCLUSION: The establishment of @entity158 services and the comprehensive education of both the nursing and the medical staff should help to improve postoperative pediatric @entity158 therapy.

title: [Management of @entity282 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity22730 :: ('MESH:D010892', 'Chemical') :: ['piritramide']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The liver is a common site of @entity3 , with essentially all metastatic @entity5 having been known to spread to the liver. Nearly half of all @entity1 with extrahepatic primary @entity5 have hepatic metastases. The severe prognostic implications of hepatic metastases have made surgical resection an important first line treatment in management. However, limitations such as the presence of extrahepatic spread or poor functional hepatic reserve exclude the majority of @entity1 as surgical candidates, leaving chemotherapy and locoregional therapies as next best options. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is a form of catheter-based locoregional @entity5 treatment modality for unresectable @entity5 , involving trans-arterial injection of microspheres embedded with a radio-isotope Yttrium-90. The therapeutic radiation dose is selectively delivered as the microspheres permanently embed themselves within the @entity5 vascular bed. Use of SIRT has been conventionally aimed at treating primary @entity99 ( @entity157 ) or @entity14 . Numerous reviews are available for these @entity5 types. However, little is known or reviewed on non-colorectal or non-neuroendocrine primaries. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to systematically review the current literature to evaluate the effects of Yttrium-90 radioembolization on @entity96 including those secondary to @entity0 , @entity201 , ocular and percutaneous @entity320 , @entity788 , @entity1358 , and @entity2 .

title: Effects of Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['non-conventional liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and neuroendocrine metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['non-conventional liver tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether the absence of the Fas- @entity9699 system of apoptosis regulation affects @entity871 -induced @entity2479 in a @entity19 model of @entity26 -induced @entity989 . METHODS: C57BL/6 (B6) and congenic @entity9699 -deficient generalized @entity1071 (gld) @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 from postnatal day (P)7 to @entity14800 and then allowed to recover in room air. Eyes obtained from P7, P8, @entity14819 , @entity14800 , @entity3843 , @entity14802 , and @entity5207 , from both @entity871 -injured and room air control animals were processed for histopathologic examination. @entity989 was also qualitatively assessed in @entity2823 -dextran perfused retinas by fluorescence microscopy. TUNEL assays were used to compare apoptosis in B6 and gld @entity19 . Intraretinal blood vessel formation was quantitated by immunolabeling with an anti-type-IV collagen antibody. @entity989 was further assessed by quantitation of preretinal neovascular nuclei on @entity14802 . RT-PCR was used to examine retinal expression of Fas and @entity9699 ( @entity9699 ) over a time course of @entity871 -induced @entity989 . RESULTS: In @entity871 -injured @entity19 , the same degree of vaso-obliteration was apparent on P8, @entity14819 , and @entity14800 in B6 and gld @entity19 . By @entity14802 , the @entity871 -exposed FITC-perfused retinas of both strains exhibited @entity24429 . However, @entity14802 gld @entity871 -exposed retinas exhibited approximately a 50% increase in preretinal neovascular nuclei compared with B6 @entity19 . In addition, a subset of apoptotic cells located solely within the neovascular tufts on @entity14802 were significantly decreased in @entity871 -exposed gld retinas, compared with B6 control animals. RT-PCR showed an increase in the expression levels of Fas in both strains of @entity19 as a result of @entity871 -induced injury. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the Fas- @entity9699 interaction plays an important role in @entity2479 after @entity871 -induced injury. The absence of functional @entity9699 leads to an increased incidence of preretinal neovascular nuclei and decreased retinal apoptosis suggesting that this pathway may serve as a means of regulating endogenous endothelial cell populations in pathologic angiogenesis.

title: XXXX in @entity9699 -deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vaso-obliteration and retinal neovascularization', 'retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity24429 :: ('MESH:C536924', 'Disease') :: ['preretinal neovascular tufts']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinopathy', 'retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Increased retinal neovascularization']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. OBJECTIVE: To compare radiographical analysis and clinical outcomes of spinal osteotomy techniques, including Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO), pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), and vertebral column resection (VCR), and analyze the relationship between preoperative evaluation and postoperative complication incidence. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: These 3 techniques have been extensively reported previously, whereas, few literatures are available on comparing these 3 techniques in management of severe pediatric @entity85 . METHODS: In all the 34 pediatric @entity1 , 14 were treated with SPO, 12 were treated with PSO, and 8 were treated with VCR. All operations were performed by the senior author (L. X.) between 2005 and 2009 in the Institute of @entity85 , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Preoperative Halo-gravity traction was applied for 2 weeks in all @entity1 ; @entity1 were evaluated by using standing radiographs taken before and after traction and after operation and a prospectively collected database with outcomes questionnaires. The @entity260 and its relationship to preoperative assessment were also analyzed in this study. RESULTS: All the 34 @entity1 ' severe pediatric @entity85 (22 females and 12 males) was diagnosed, with an average age of 11.97 years (range, 6-17 yr) and an average follow-up of 66.38 months (range, 48-97 mo). The mean preoperative major curve for each group was 103.43   in the SPO group, 108.08   in the PSO group, and 117.00   in the VCR group, and was corrected to 15.21  , 16.83  , and 25.88  , respectively. The apical vertebral translation was corrected by 73.29% by SPO, 73.35% by PSO, and 59.71% by VCR. The coronal balance was improved from 16.57 mm to 1.50 mm in the SPO group, 17.33 mm to 3.83 mm in the PSO group, and 29.38 mm to 3.63 mm in the VCR group. The mean correction of the kyphotic angle for single SPO was 19.00  , for those with 2 and 3 SPOs, the average correction was 34.40   and 47.5  , and 33.83   for the PSO group, 47.38   for the VCR group. There were significant improvements in the overall clinical outcomes. The overall complication rate was 35.3%. The complication rate was high in @entity1 with @entity1576 and rigid spine. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in coronal correction among these 3 techniques, whereas, the average corrections in the sagittal plane were progressively higher from single SPO to 2 SPOs or PSO to 3 SPOs or VCR. Preoperative @entity1576 and @entity2003 of the @entity85 are associated with a high complication rate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Spinal Osteotomy Techniques in Management of Severe Pediatric @entity85 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity', 'Spinal Deformity']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Analysis of Postoperative Complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The simple test for evaluating hand function (STEF) is widely used for clinical evaluation of upper extremity function in Japan. However, except for test-re-test reliability, its psychometric properties have not been investigated. The aim of this study is to explore its internal consistency, concurrent validity and responsiveness in @entity1 with sub-acute @entity64 . DESIGN: This was a prospective longitudinal study. @entity1 : Thirty-four inpatients who had suffered @entity64 within 60 days of participation were enrolled. METHODS: To investigate its internal consistency and responsiveness, they were assessed with the STEF and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) at admission and 3 weeks later. To explore its concurrent validity, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Motor Activity Log (MAL) and @entity177 ( @entity177   ) were also evaluated at admission. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha for the STEF was 0.98-0.99, indicating excellent internal consistency. The STEF score strongly correlated with the ARAT, FMA and MAL scores and moderately with the @entity177    score. Effect sizes and the standardized response mean were 0.27 and 0.52 for the STEF and 0.30 and 0.95 for the ARAT, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the STEF is reliable, valid and sensitive to changes when applied to @entity1 with sub-acute @entity64 .

title: Psychometric properties of the simple test for evaluating hand function in XXXX with @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemiparetic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Presentation of a novel case, involving the design and implementation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 (CADASIL). METHODS: The disease-causing mutation, @entity63895 ( @entity63896 ) in exon 4 of the @entity7363 gene, was previously identified in the affected father. The family already had a pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis and chose to undergo PGD. A PGD protocol was designed to include @entity851 (STR) markers and an intragenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), coupled to mutation identification. Biopsy was performed at day 3 and blastocysts were transferred on day 5 after fertilization. Standard prenatal diagnosis procedures were employed to confirm the PGD results. RESULTS: One blastomere was removed at day 3 from each of eight embryos. Detection of the c.459C>TNotch3 mutation, coupled to informative polymorphic markers, unambiguously identified three unaffected embryos. Blastocyst transfer resulted in a singleton pregnancy and subsequent prenatal diagnosis confirmed that the fetus was disease-free. CONCLUSIONS: Given the dominant, highly penetrant and potentially serious effects of @entity7363 mutations, PGD for CADASIL may be considered and implemented as a reproductive option, following proper genetic counseling.

title: Pregnancy following preimplantation genetic diagnosis of @entity74 with @entity1188 and XXXX (CADASIL).

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['informative, linked short tandem repeat']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical infarcts']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['leukoencephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polysaccharides often are necessary components of bacterial biofilms and capsules. Production of these biopolymers constitutes a drain on key components in the central @entity505 metabolism, but so far little is known concerning if and how the cells divide their resources between cell growth and production of exopolysaccharides. Alginate is an industrially important linear polysaccharide synthesized from @entity16117 by several bacterial species. The aim of this study was to identify genes that are necessary for obtaining a normal level of alginate production in alginate-producing @entity11763 . RESULTS: Polysaccharide biosynthesis is costly, since it utilizes nucleotide @entity3363 and sequesters @entity505 . Consequently, transcription of the genes necessary for polysaccharide biosynthesis is usually tightly regulated. In this study we used an engineered @entity919 derivative where all genes encoding the proteins needed for biosynthesis of alginate from @entity16117 and export of the polymer are expressed from inducible Pm promoters. In this way we would avoid identification of genes merely involved in regulating the expression of the alginate biosynthetic genes. The engineered strain was subjected to random transposon mutagenesis and a library of about 11500 mutants was screened for strains with altered alginate production. Identified inactivated genes were mainly found to encode proteins involved in metabolic pathways related to uptake and utilization of @entity505 , @entity1568 and phosphor sources, biosynthesis of purine and @entity6635 and peptidoglycan recycling. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the identified mutants resulted in diminished alginate biosynthesis while cell yield in most cases were less affected. In some cases, however, a higher final cell yield were measured. The data indicate that when the supplies of @entity16117 or @entity3007 are diminished, less alginate is produced. This should be taken into account when bacterial strains are designed for industrial polysaccharide production.

title: Identification of genes affecting alginate biosynthesis in XXXX by screening a transposon insertion library.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity16117 :: ('MESH:C027618', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose 6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity919 :: ('216595', 'Species') :: ['P. fluorescens SBW25']

answer: @entity11763 :: (294,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']


abstract: AIMS: This article describes an ongoing study investigating the safety and efficacy of @entity63 -tolerant mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in @entity1 with @entity712 without scarring. This study will follow principles of the previously described mechanistic translational-phase concept whereby the effect of the study agent on laboratory and imaging markers of cardiac structure and function will be tested in a small homogenous cohort with the goal to enhance the understanding of the effect of interventions on cardiac remodeling and performance. STUDY DESIGN: This single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, multicenter, randomized study will assess the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of allogeneic @entity63 -tolerant MSCs in individuals with @entity712 of nonischemic cause, ejection fraction 40% or less, and dysfunctional viable myocardium who have been receiving guideline-directed medical therapy. Eligible @entity1 will have no evidence of baseline replacement scarring on delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Approximately 20 @entity1 will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive an i.v. infusion of @entity63 -tolerant MSCs or placebo. At 90 days, the two groups will undergo crossover and received the alternative treatment. The primary endpoint is safety, as evaluated through at least 1-year post-MSC infusion. Additional efficacy endpoints will include measures of cardiac structure and function, as evaluated by serial cine-CMR and transthoracic echocardiography at 90 and 180 days post-initial infusion. CONCLUSION: This pilot study will explore the safety and effects on cardiac structure and function of i.v. injection of @entity63 -tolerant MSCs in a small homogenous cohort of nonischemic @entity712 @entity1 with reduced ejection fraction and absent replacement scarring on CMR. This study also represents a prospective mechanistic translational-phase study using baseline and serial CMR imaging in @entity712 @entity1 and serves as a potential model for design of future @entity712 trials (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02467387).

title: Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in XXXX with nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic heart failure and dysfunctional viable myocardium', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most randomized trials have shown similar results with @entity923 release (ECTR) and open carpal tunnel release (OCTR); however, there are studies suggesting less @entity282 , faster improvement in grip and pinch strength, and earlier return to work with the endoscopic technique. The goal of this study was to prospectively examine subjective and functional outcomes, satisfaction, and complications after both ECTR and OCTR in the opposite hands of the same @entity1 , serving as their own control. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized study in which @entity1 underwent surgery for bilateral @entity923 . The first carpal tunnel release was performed on the most symptomatic hand-determined by the @entity1 . Operative approach was randomly assigned and, approximately 1 month later, the alternative technique was performed on the contralateral side. Demographic data were obtained, and functional outcomes were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively, including @entity158 score, 2-point discrimination, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing, thenar strength, and overall grip strength. The @entity923 -functional status score and @entity923 -symptom severity score were recorded before surgery and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Overall satisfaction with each technique was recorded at the conclusion of the study. RESULTS: Currently, 25 subjects have completed final visit testing. There were no differences in @entity158 score, 2-point discrimination, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing, thenar strength, or overall grip strength at any of the postoperative time points. @entity923 -symptom severity score and @entity923 -functional status score were not significantly different between groups at any of the evaluations. Overall satisfaction, where @entity1 recorded a number from 0 to 100, was significantly greater in the ECTR group (95.95 vs 91.60, P = 0.04). There were no complications with either technique. DISCUSSION: This interim analysis, using the same @entity1 as an internal control, suggests that both OCTR and ECTR are well tolerated with no differences in functional outcomes, symptom severity and functional status questionnaires, or complications. Although there were no differences between groups using our study metrics, @entity1 still preferred the ECTR, demonstrated by significantly higher overall satisfaction scores at the conclusion of the study.

title: Prospective, Randomized Evaluation of Endoscopic Versus Open Carpal Tunnel Release in XXXX : An Interim Analysis.

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic carpal tunnel', 'carpal tunnel syndrome', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity470 ( @entity470 ) is expressed in the majority of @entity1 @entity5 and has been implicated in the development of @entity5 cell resistance to cyotoxic drugs and to ionizing radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used @entity4562 , a selective small molecule @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitor currently in clinical development. We tested the antiproliferative and the proapoptotic activity of @entity4562 in combination with ionizing radiation in @entity1 colon (GEO), ovarian ( @entity1 ), non-small cell lung (A549 and @entity1 ), and breast (MCF-7 ADR) @entity5 cell lines. The antitumor activity of this combination was also tested in @entity19 bearing established GEO @entity694 xenografts. RESULTS: With ionizing radiation or @entity4562 , a dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed in all of the @entity5 cell lines growing in soft agar. A cooperative antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect was obtained when @entity5 cells were treated with ionizing radiation followed by @entity4562 . This effect was accompanied by inhibition in the expression of the antiapoptotic proteins @entity1836 and @entity588 , and by a suppression of the activated (phosphorylated) form of akt protein. Treatment of @entity19 bearing established @entity1 GEO @entity694 xenografts with radiotherapy (RT) resulted in a dose-dependent @entity5 growth inhibition that was reversible upon treatment cessation. Long term GEO @entity5 growth regressions were obtained after RT in combination with @entity4562 . This resulted in a significant improvement in survival of these @entity19 as compared with the control group (P < 0.001), the RT-treated group (P < 0.001), or the @entity4562 -treated group (P < 0.001). The only @entity19 alive 10 weeks after @entity5 cell injection were in the RT-plus- @entity4562 group. Furthermore, 10% of @entity19 in this group were alive and @entity5 -free after 26 weeks. Similar results were obtained in @entity19 bearing established @entity1 @entity2220 xenografts. Finally, the combined treatment with RT plus @entity4562 was accompanied by a significant potentiation in the inhibition of @entity310 , vascular epidermal growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor expression in @entity5 cells, which resulted in significant antiangiogenic effects as determined by immunohistochemical count of neovessels within the GEO @entity5 . CONCLUSION: This study provides a rationale for evaluating in @entity5 @entity1 the combination of ionizing radiation and selective @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors such as @entity4562 .

title: Enhancement of antitumor activity of ionizing radiation by combined treatment with the selective XXXX - @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity4562 (Iressa).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Calu-6', 'OVCAR-3']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['A549 lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We recently reported the phenomenon of @entity3009 -dependent @entity694 ( @entity694 ) against @entity131 induced by @entity1543 (AA) in the normal colon. This study investigated whether the @entity694 is preserved in the chronic inflamed colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal @entity35 and a @entity1960 model, induced by @entity1959 , received an intracolonal administration (0.5 ml) of saline or AA at low concentration (1%) followed by high concentration (8%) 30 min later. The distal colon was removed 48 h after 8% AA administration, and @entity1960 was assessed by macroscopic scoring and measurement of the @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity. @entity3352 (5 mg/kg), a nonselective cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor, or @entity8228 ( @entity8228 , 1 mg/kg), a COX type 2 selective inhibitor, was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before pretreatment with 1% AA. RESULTS: Intracolonal administration of 8% AA induced @entity1049 (macroscopic score 10.0+/-0.9) and elevated @entity1589 activity (2.8+/-0.2 U/g), which were significantly reduced to 3.3+/-0.8 and 1.8+/-0.2 U/g by 1% AA pretreatment, respectively. @entity3352 abolished the gross mucosal protective effect by 1% AA pretreatment in 8% AA-derived @entity1960 in normal @entity35 while the @entity8228 had no effect. Both @entity3352 and @entity8228 reversed the @entity1589 activity reduction induced by 1% AA pretreatment. In chronic inflamed colon 8% AA treatment resulted in an increase in the macroscopic score to 11.5+/-0.4 from 4.7+/-0.4, but not the @entity1589 activity, which was significantly reduced to 5.7+/-0.9 by 1% AA pretreatment. This gross mucosal protective effect by 1% AA pretreatment in chronic inflamed colon was reversed by @entity3352 while the @entity8228 had no effect. CONCLUSION: These data show that @entity9774 and @entity4665 derived @entity2918 induced by low concentration AA pretreatment reduce the @entity1049 and the increase in the @entity1589 activity in @entity1960 , respectively. The protective effect of @entity9774 is preserved in chronic inflamed colon. These findings support the existence of a low concentration of AA-derived @entity3009 -dependent @entity694 and suggest that @entity694 , which is derived from bacterial breakdown of @entity1735 and protein in the colon, plays a crucial role in the endogenous defense mechanisms.

title: @entity1543 -derived @entity3009 -dependent @entity694 is preserved in XXXX : role of cyclo-oxygenase.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute colonic injury']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'chronic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic AA', 'colonic adaptive cytoprotection', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosal damage', 'colonic mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity8228 :: ('MESH:C080955', 'Chemical') :: ['N-[2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl] methane-sulfonamide', 'NS398']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['chronic colitis']


abstract: Percutaneous catheter ablation is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic drug-resistant @entity955 ( @entity955 ). @entity7623 is a little known complication of @entity955 ablation. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of @entity7623 in the @entity1 who underwent catheter ablation for @entity955 by cryoballoon (CB) or radiofrequency (RF) and to define risk factors for @entity7623 . In all, 104 @entity1 were treated with pulmonary vein (PV) isolation with 2 different technologies: CB in 58 @entity1 (group 1) and open-irrigated tip RF catheter in 46 @entity1 (group 2). @entity7623 was seen in 7 cases (6 cases in group 1 and 1 case in group 2, respectively). The complaints related with @entity7623 began during the procedure in 4 of 6 @entity1 of group 1. The other 3 @entity1 admitted to our outpatient clinic with similar complaints within 72 to 96 hours after the procedure. For @entity7623 cases of group 1, mean minimal CB temperature on inferior PVs was lower and left atrium diameter was smaller. Management was conservative, and the @entity1 have no residual symptoms at 6-month follow-up. The only @entity1 still demonstrating residual symptoms during follow-up was in group 2. Although, clinically manifest @entity7623 is quite common with CB ablation, the process is generally reversible. However, damage may not be as reversible with RF ablation. In conclusion, during cryoablation, lower temperatures on inferior PVs and small left atrium size may be associated with increased risk of @entity7623 , and fluoroscopic guidance may be useful to avoid this complication.

title: XXXX as a Complication of @entity955 Ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroparesis', 'gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity7623 :: (MESH:D018589,Disease) :: ['Gastroparesis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4052 Background: @entity418 commonly expresses cyclo-oxygenase II ( @entity2247 ). @entity2247 inhibition results in decreased cell proliferation and potentiation of chemotherapy and @entity1161 . We reported the preliminary results of a phase II study conducted by the HOG in @entity1 (pts) with potentially resectable @entity418 (ASCO 2003, A 1168). METHODS: All pts received @entity900 (75 mg/m2 d1, 29) and @entity1487 (1000 mg/m2 d1-4, 29-32) with @entity1161 (50.4Gy beginning d1). @entity12698 was administered 200 mg po bid from d1 daily until surgery and then 400 mg po bid until disease progression or excessive @entity137 or a maximum of 5 years. Esophagectomy was performed 4 -6 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR). Secondary endpoints included response rate, @entity137 , overall survival and correlation between @entity2247 expression and pCR. RESULTS: Thirty-one pts were enrolled from 3/01 to 7/02. Of the 22 pts (71%) who underwent surgery 6 had pCR (19% of those enrolled and 27% of those who underwent surgery). The two year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier estimate) for the entire study population was 31%  12% with a median survival of 17 months. @entity2247 expression was performed and graded weak (0 or 1+) or strong (2+ or 3+) on 17 available baseline @entity418 tissue specimens. Out of 17 evaluable pre therapy specimens, 10 (59%) had strong @entity2247 expression. The two-year survival rates for those with weak and strong baseline @entity2247 expression were similar (0.38  0.20 Vs. 0.40    0.15, p=0.473). However, the two year survival was significantly improved in @entity1 who achieved pCR compared to those who did not (0.50  0.35 Vs. 0.26  0.11, p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: 1) Baseline @entity2247 expression in @entity418 tissues does not predict survival in @entity1 with @entity418 treated with @entity900 , @entity1487 , @entity12698 and @entity1161 treatment followed by surgery. 2) Pathological complete response following induction chemoradiation is associated with improved survival. [Table: see text].

title: A phase II study of @entity900 , @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), @entity1161 ( XXXX ) and @entity12698 in @entity1 with resectable @entity418 ( @entity418 ): Updated results from the Hoosier Oncology Group (HOG) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'EC']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['RT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity8 (IRI) can cause delayed graft function, a targeted therapy is not yet available. Because @entity7425 3-kinases (PI3K) p110y and @entity20721   play important roles in immune cell migration and function, we investigated the effects of PI3K p110y- and @entity20721  -specific inhibitors in a @entity19 renal IRI model. METHODS: Renal function was assessed by serum @entity908 and @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. Immune cell migration was assessed by flow cytometry and an in vitro cell migration assay using Transwell plates. Gene expression analysis and a multiplex cytokine/chemokine assay were performed to find cytokines/chemokines whose expression was upregulated in renal IRI and affected by p110y-specific inhibitor. RESULTS: The PI3K p110y-specific inhibitor, but not @entity20721  -specific inhibitor, significantly reduced serum @entity908 levels and @entity4295 . These were accompanied by reduced infiltration of B cells and reduced expression of @entity12426 , a @entity14013 ligand, suggesting that p110y plays an important role in B-cell migration toward injured kidneys. An in vitro cell migration assay revealed for the first time that B-cell migration to injured kidney cells and to @entity12426 requires p110y. CONCLUSIONS: p110y-specific inhibitor ameliorates renal IRI by reducing @entity39 and immune cell migration. This inhibitor may have the potential to reduce @entity177 caused by renal IRI.

title: Reduction in XXXX in @entity19 by a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110gamma-Specific Inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal graft failure']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury']


abstract: @entity146 are @entity1583 characterized by uncontrolled growth of MC and resistance to conventional drugs. In most cases, the @entity4149 kinase (TK) receptor KIT is involved in malignant cell growth. Therefore, several KIT TK-targeting drugs are currently being tested for their ability to block growth of neoplastic MC. We examined the effects of four TK inhibitors ( @entity2213 , @entity25293 , @entity10542 , and @entity8947 ) on C2 @entity235 @entity9600 cells, as well as primary neoplastic @entity235 MC. As assessed by @entity665 incorporation experiments, all TK inhibitors produced dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation in C2 cells with the following IC(50) values: @entity2213 : 269 +/- 180 nM, @entity25293 : 157 +/- 35 nM, @entity10542 : 55 +/- 24 nM, @entity8947 : 12 +/- 3 nM. Growth-inhibitory effects of TK inhibitors were also observed in primary neoplastic mast cells, although IC(50) values for each drug varied from @entity1 to @entity1 , with @entity25293 being the most potent agent in all samples tested. In consecutive experiments, we were able to show that TK inhibitors cooperate with each other in producing growth inhibition in C2 cells with synergistic effects observed with most drug combinations. In flow cytometry and TUNEL assay experiments, growth-inhibitory effects of TK inhibitors were found to be associated with cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Together, these data show that several TK-targeting drugs induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in @entity235 @entity9600 cells in vitro, and that synergistic drug interactions can be obtained. Clinical trials are now warranted to explore whether these TK inhibitors also counteract growth of neoplastic cells in vivo in @entity1 with @entity146 .

title: Synergistic antiproliferative effects of KIT XXXX kinase inhibitors on neoplastic @entity235 mast cells.

entities_list: @entity9600 :: ('MESH:D034801', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytoma']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive MC tumors', 'Aggressive mast cell (MC) tumors']

entities_list: @entity25293 :: ('MESH:C059539', 'Chemical') :: ['midostaurin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['(3)H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Genetic mutations in the @entity8950 gene affect Wnt signaling and lead to changes in bone mass in @entity1 . Our in vivo and in vitro results show that activated mutation @entity63736 of @entity8950 enhances osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis. Inactivating mutation @entity63737 of @entity8950 exerts opposite effects. INTRODUCTION: Mutations in the Wnt co-receptor, @entity8950 , leading to decreased or increased canonical Wnt signaling, result in @entity170 or a high bone mass (HBM) phenotype, respectively. However, the mechanisms whereby mutated @entity8950 causes changes in bone mass are not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied bone marrow composition in iliac crest bone biopsies from @entity1 with the HBM phenotype and controls. We also used retrovirus-mediated gene transduction to establish three different @entity1 mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) strains stably expressing wildtype @entity8950 (hMSC- @entity8950 (WT)), @entity8950 (T244) (hMSC- @entity8950 (T244), inactivation mutation leading to @entity170 ), or @entity8950 (T253) (hMSC- @entity8950 (T253), activation mutation leading to high bone mass). We characterized Wnt signaling activation using a dual luciferase assay, cell proliferation, lineage biomarkers using real-time PCR, and in vivo bone formation. RESULTS: In bone biopsies, we found increased trabecular bone volume and decreased bone marrow fat volume in @entity1 with the HBM phenotype (n = 9) compared with controls (n = 5). The hMSC- @entity8950 (WT) and hMSC- @entity8950 (T253) but not hMSC- @entity8950 (T244) transduced high level of Wnt signaling. @entity13020 inhibited cell proliferation in hMSC- @entity8950 (WT) and hMSC- @entity8950 (T253), and this effect was associated with downregulation of @entity5741 . Both hMSC- @entity8950 (WT) and hMSC- @entity8950 (T253) showed enhanced osteoblast differentiation and inhibited adipogenesis in vitro, and the opposite effect was observed in hMSC- @entity8950 (T244). Similarly, hMSC- @entity8950 (WT) and hMSC- @entity8950 (T253) but not hMSC- @entity8950 (T244) formed ectopic mineralized bone when implanted subcutaneously with @entity692 / @entity9039 in @entity915 /NOD @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8950 mutations and the level of Wnt signaling determine differentiation fate of hMSCs into osteoblasts or adipocytes. Activation of Wnt signaling can thus provide a novel approach to increase bone mass by preventing the age-related reciprocal decrease in osteogenesis and increase in adipogenesis.

title: @entity1 with high bone mass phenotype exhibit enhanced osteoblast differentiation and inhibition of adipogenesis of XXXX mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9039 :: ('MESH:C018392', 'Chemical') :: ['tricalcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']