abstract: I hope to report the type, incidence, and clinical outcomes of severe complications from strabismus surgery in the United Kingdom and to help in the discussions involved in the consent process. The main part of the talk will revolve around a BOSU (British Ophthalmic Survey Unit) investigation. Cases were identified prospectively between 1 September 2008 and 31 August 2010. Questionnaire data were requested at the time of the complication recognition and at 6 months' follow-up. Outcome was graded I-V, with a poor or very poor outcome meaning either loss of corrected visual acuity or primary @entity892 . A total of 60 completed reports of adverse events and complications were received during the study period. During the same time,    24   000 strabismus surgeries were carried out in the United Kingdom, yielding an overall incidence of 1 in 400 operations (95% binomial confidence, 1 per 333-500 operations). The most commonly reported complication was perforation of the globe (19 (0.08%)), followed by a suspected slipped muscle (16 (0.067%)), severe @entity281 (14 (0.06%)), @entity3170 (6 (0.02%)), and lost muscle (5 (0.02%)). Overall, complications were reported in adults and @entity1 in equal numbers; however, @entity3170 was significantly more common in adults. A poor or very poor clinical outcome was recorded as 1 operation per 2400. The study limitations are as follows: the denominator was extrapolated from the number of surgeries in England, and there was an almost certain underreporting of cases. Complications with the potential for a poor outcome are relatively common, but the final clinical outcome is good in the majority of cases.

title: What information can we give to the XXXX about the risks of strabismus surgery.

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['position double vision']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['scleritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillary blood vessels, is a feature of a variety of pathological processes. To study the effects of a specific group of hormones (all ligands of the @entity134 / @entity554 /thyroid hormone receptor superfamily) on the angiogenic process in @entity1 , we have used a model system in which @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells from foreskin (hMVEC) are cultured on top of a @entity1 fibrin matrix in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha. This model mimics the in vivo situation where fibrin appears to be a common component of the matrix present at sites of chronic inflammation and @entity5 stroma. Our results show that @entity251 and @entity619 are strong inhibitors and @entity1968 (at-RA) and 9-cis @entity1968 (9-cis RA) are potent stimulators of the formation of capillary-like tubular structures. These effects are mediated by their respective nuclear hormone receptors as demonstrated by the use of specific synthetic receptor agonists and antagonists. @entity53 , @entity1420 , and @entity3873 did not affect or only weakly affected in vitro angiogenesis, which may be related to the lack of significant nuclear receptor expression. Although hMVEC express both thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta, no effect of thyroid hormone on tube formation was found. The effects of @entity251 , @entity619 , at-RA, and 9-cis RA on tube formation were accompanied by parallel changes in @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) expression, at both mRNA and antigen levels. Exogenous suppletion of the medium with single chain @entity2290 enhances tube formation in our in vitro model, whereas quenching of @entity2290 activity (but not of tissue-type plasminogen activator activity) or of @entity2290 binding to @entity2290 receptor by specific antibodies suppressed basal and @entity554 -stimulated tube formation. Moreover, addition of scu-PA to @entity251 - or @entity619 -treated hMVEC restored the suppressed angiogenic activity for a substantial part. Aprotinin, an inhibitor of plasmin activity, completely inhibited tube formation, indicating that the proteolytic properties of the @entity2290 / @entity2290 receptor complex are crucial in this process. Our results show that @entity134 hormones ( @entity251 and @entity619 ) and @entity4878 have strong, but opposite effects on tube formation in a @entity1 in vitro model reflecting pathological angiogenesis in the presence of fibrin and inflammatory mediators. These effects can be explained by hormone-receptor-mediated changes in @entity2290 expression, resulting in enhanced local proteolytic capacity of the @entity2290 / @entity2290 receptor complex.

title: Effect of @entity134 hormones and @entity4878 on the formation of capillary-like tubular structures of XXXX microvascular endothelial cells in fibrin matrices is related to urokinase expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['u-PA', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid', 'all-trans retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity580 in geriatric @entity1 have specific features in geriatric health care facilities and services. The incidence of @entity580 in a long-term care hospital is described. @entity1 AND METHOD: The study was carried in L'AlianCa from Barcelona, a long-term care hospital of 138 beds of geriatric rehabilitation or convalescence. All @entity580 occurred in 1999 were recorded. The criteria of @entity580 were those of McGeer, adapted to make them suitable to a long-term care hospital. The statistical methods employed were the Student'st test to compare means and chi2 to compare proportions. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity580 was 2.8 per 1,000 resident care days, showing a statistically significant increase in the group aged over 75 (p = 0.009). Infected @entity1 had longer hospital stay and greater physical dependence. Lower @entity1729 were the most common type of @entity281 accounting for the 39.7% of the cases. The mortality rate was greater in the infected group (RR: 2.61; CI 95%, 1.60-4.25). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly @entity1 are at greater risk of contracting @entity580 . It is necessary to develop @entity281 control programs useful for the long-term care hospital.

title: [Incidence of XXXX acquired at a health center].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial infections', 'nosocomial infection', 'nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity121 occurs in @entity1 with a @entity17903 ( @entity17903 ), but it is also a frequent problem in @entity1 with @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, and to what extent, @entity2057 specifically occurs in @entity1 with an @entity17903 . DESIGN: Metabolic muscle fatigue was assessed in a series of 21 @entity1 with an @entity17903 , including 13 @entity1 with @entity3914 and 8 @entity1 with various mitochondrial point mutations; 27 @entity1 with @entity4094 ; and 25 healthy controls. Isometric twitch force of the ankle dorsiflexors was measured after supramaximal stimulation of peroneal nerves. Six trains of stimuli (of 1 minute's duration with rates from 0.2 to 5 stimuli per second) were given to each subject. RESULTS: An abnormal decrement of the twitch amplitude that occurred during a stimulation train was found in @entity1 with @entity17903 and in those with @entity4094 . The decrement of the twitch amplitude of controls and of @entity1 with @entity4094 was strongly influenced by their muscle force (P<.001). After subtraction of the influence of the muscle force, specific fatigue was notably higher in @entity1 with @entity3914 than in @entity1 with @entity4094 and in controls, and it correlated well with elevations of serum @entity880 . Specific fatigue was also abnormal in a @entity1 with a mitochondrial @entity62564 mutation, but normal in @entity1 with an @entity23355 or a @entity62565 mutation. The heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA in muscle correlated neither with the force measures nor with the serum @entity880 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, @entity2057 accompanies @entity425 . Specifically, some but not all mitochondrial mutations cause excessive @entity2057 .

title: Increased XXXX is caused by some but not all mitochondrial mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['other neuromuscular disorders', 'ONMD']

entities_list: @entity3914 :: ('MESH:D017246', 'Disease') :: ['chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity17903 :: ('MESH:D017237', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial encephalomyopathy', 'MEM']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic muscle fatigue']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive muscle fatigue']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['metabolic muscle fatigue']


abstract: Stress hormones influence a wide range of cognitive functions, including memory performance and executive function. It is well established that glucocorticoids enhance memory consolidation but impair memory retrieval. While most of the effects have been attributed to glucocorticoid receptors (GR), the importance of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) has been also emphasized. Dysfunctions in @entity2339 have been reported for several @entity146 . While @entity308 ( @entity308 ) as well as @entity4225 ( @entity4225 ) seem to be characterized by enhanced @entity701 release in concert with a reduced feedback sensitivity of the @entity2339 , in @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) a contrary picture has been reported. Despite the fact that altered GR function has been discussed for these disorders only very few studies have investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on cognitive performance in these @entity1 so far. In a series of studies, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on cognition (i.e. declarative memory, working memory and response inhibition) in different @entity146 such as @entity308 , @entity1005 and @entity4225 . While in @entity1 with @entity308 @entity701 administration failed to effect memory retrieval, @entity1 with @entity1005 and @entity4225 showed enhanced rather than impaired memory retrieval after @entity701 administration. These results indicate an altered sensitivity to @entity701 in these disorders. Results from one of our recent studies in the field of social cognition underline the importance of the MR. We found that emotional empathy was enhanced through stimulation of the MR via @entity7842 in healthy @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity4225 . This review aims to integrate these findings and discuss potential mechanisms and implications.

title: Effects of @entity701 on cognition in @entity308 , @entity1005 and XXXX - 2014 Curt Richter Award Winner.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

answer: @entity4225 :: (MESH:D001883,Disease) :: ['borderline personality disorder']


abstract: Cruciferous vegetables, especially broccoli, may prevent @entity5 through anticarcinogenic compounds. For example, broccoli contains isothiocyanates that induce carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes. @entity2041 transferase enzymes conjugate isothiocyanates, leading to excretion. We hypothesized that broccoli consumption in combination with the @entity2041 transferase M1 ( @entity9164 ) null genotype would be associated with a lower prevalence of @entity2513 because of higher @entity8009 levels. We used a case-control study of mainly asymptomatic subjects aged 50-74 years who underwent a screening sigmoidoscopy at either of two Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers during 1991-1993. Cases (n = 459) had a first-time diagnosis of histologically confirmed @entity652 detected by flexible sigmoidoscopy. Controls (n = 507) had no polyp detected. Subjects had a 45-min in- @entity1 interview for information on various risk factors and basic demographic data and completed a 126-item, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Blood samples were used for @entity9164 genotyping. Subjects with the highest quartile of broccoli intake (an average of 3.7 servings per week) had an odds ratio of 0.47 (95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.73) for @entity2513 , compared with subjects who reportedly never ate broccoli. When stratified by @entity9164 genotype, a protective effect of broccoli was observed only among subjects with the @entity9164 null genotype (P for trend, 0.001; P for interaction, 0.01). The observed broccoli- @entity9164 interaction is compatible with an isothiocyanate mechanism.

title: XXXX transferase null genotype, broccoli, and lower prevalence of @entity2513 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity8009 :: ('MESH:C037152', 'Chemical') :: ['isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['Glutathione']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have previously presented microdialysis findings of early intraperitoneal (i.p.) metabolic disturbances, mainly an increased @entity880 / @entity2388 (l/p) ratio, in surgical @entity1 developing @entity260 . The aim of the present study was to investigate i.p. @entity653 and l/p ratio after major surgery with and without complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty @entity1 were followed with microdialysis for 48 h after major abdominal surgery, 44 @entity1 without @entity260 and 16 @entity1 with major surgical complications. Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous (s.c.) measurements of @entity653 , @entity880 , @entity2388 and @entity413 were performed, and the l/p ratio was calculated. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal @entity653 was significantly lower in the complication group compared with the control group (64 vs. 94.6  M; p = 0.0015), while the i.p. l/p ratio was significantly higher in the complication group compared with the control group (13.7 vs. 11.1; p = 0.0073). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, i.p. @entity653 levels were lower and i.p. l/p ratio was higher in the immediate postoperative period in a group of @entity1 with complications. These results might indicate early i.p. disturbances in fat and @entity1735 metabolism in @entity1 who later developed symptoms of @entity260 .

title: Intraperitoneal @entity653 levels and XXXX / @entity2388 ratio: early markers of @entity260 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative major complications']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To assess overall shoulder function a simple examination of the range of motion and strength may not be sufficiently representative. because the shoulder in its daily use is often required for repetitive activities, fatigue at an early stage could be a sign of disturbed shoulder function. Therefore the @entity177 ( @entity177 ) was created to incorporate the factor time into shoulder assessment. With this study the @entity177 was evaluated for its clinical use in the prospective follow-up of a series of @entity1 operated on for rotator cuff tears. METHODS: Using forward flexion, the @entity1 had to lift a 500-g weight onto a shelf placed at a height which he could reach with his extended arm. The achieved height (5 levels possible) and the time he needed for 5 repetitions were recorded. The @entity177 value was calculated by division of the time required by the level of the reached shelf. Thus, a lower @entity177 score represents a better shoulder function. This was tested on 45 @entity1 prior to rotator cuff repair and at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. As validation the SF-36 and the Constant score were evaluated in parallel. Construct, criterion, content and discriminative validity and responsiveness were calculated Results: At all assessments the @entity177 correlated with the Constant score (r = - 0.47 to r = - 0.62) and the SF-36 (r = - 0.26 to r = - 0.61) demonstrating construct validity. As criterion validity the @entity177 correlated with the reported @entity158 (r = 0.34 to r = 0.61), @entity1 ' self-estimation (r = 0.38 to r = 0.59) and doctors' estimation of the @entity1 shoulder function (r = 0.36 to r = 0.54). Known groups validity was positive as the @entity177 could differentiate between shoulders with and without rotator cuff tears. The @entity177 demonstrated a good responsiveness with significant improvement (p = 0.01) after rotator cuff repair. CONCLUSION: Repetitive forward flexion is an important function of the shoulder in daily activities. The @entity177 allows a reliable and valid quantitative measurement of this function. In order to improve functional assessment of the shoulder and scoring we would recommend using this @entity1 - and function-orientated test in combination with the Constant score to document the current status of shoulder function.

title: [Evaluation of a simple test for shoulder function in XXXX with surgically treated rotator cuff injuries].

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['SFT', 'shoulder function test']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 66 year-old @entity1 was introduced to our hospital because of multiple infiltrative pulmonary shadows on February, 2001. We diagnosed @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ) from the clinical and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) findings, and initiated oral @entity134 therapy. Since the abnormal chest shadows disappeared, the dose of @entity134 was decreased and maintained at 10 mg/day. In August 2001, multiple infiltrative shadows returned, and we therefore increased the @entity134 dose to 30 mg/day. The expanding infiltrative shadows were then joined by new multiple nodular shadows. The bronchioalveolar lavage fluid revealed small bodies of cryptococcus species. A positive result for anti-cryptococcus antigen was also obtained from the serum. We then diagnosed @entity358 without @entity693 . Therapy was started with anti-mycotic agents including @entity2379 , @entity4895 and @entity2380 , which proved successful. This case of opportunistic cryptococcus infection in an immunocompromized @entity1 , which responded to anti-mycotic therapy, is reported.

title: [A case of XXXX with multiple nodular shadows under treatment of @entity3616 ( @entity3616 )].

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin-B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['BOOP', 'bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cryptococcosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary cryptococcosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In previous studies of @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ), increased mortality has been reported. The aim of this study was to estimate mortality in @entity1 with @entity934 receptor antibody-positive (AChR-Ab-seropositive) @entity1737 in a nationwide population-based, long-term follow-up study. METHODS: All AChR-Ab-seropositive @entity1737 @entity1 , diagnosed between 1985 and 2005, were identified. Defined by age at diagnosis ( <=50 or >50 years), @entity1 were classified as having early- or late-onset @entity1737 . For comparison, 10 non- @entity1737 individuals from the general population were matched with each @entity1 . All @entity1 and controls were followed until January 1, 2009. Mortality rates and estimated mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were calculated. RESULTS: Of 702 AChR-Ab-seropositive @entity1737 @entity1 , 302 died during follow-up. Overall mortality was higher for @entity1 with @entity1737 (MRR   =   1.41, range 1.24-1.60). In late-onset @entity1 and @entity1 , the MRRs were 1.64 (1.36-1.99) and 1.22 (1.02-1.46), respectively. Total MRR was highest during the first 5 years after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1737 diagnosis is still associated with increased mortality. Muscle Nerve, 2015.

title: Mortality in XXXX : A nationwide population-based follow-up study in Denmark.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is concern that untreated individuals in mass drug administration (MDA) programs for neglected tropical diseases can reduce the impact of elimination efforts by maintaining a source of transmission and re- @entity281 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Treatment receipt was recorded against the community census during three MDAs with @entity4580 for @entity11738 in The Gambia, a hypo-endemic setting. Predictors of @entity3257 were investigated in 1-9 year olds using random effects logistic regression of cross-sectional data for each MDA. Two types of non-participators were identified: present during MDA but not treated (PNT) and eligible for treatment but absent during MDA (EBA). PNT and EBA @entity1 were compared to treated @entity1 separately. Multivariable models were developed using baseline data and validated using year one and two data, with a priori adjustment for previous treatment status. Analyses included approximately 10000 @entity1 at baseline and 5000 @entity1 subsequently. There was strong evidence of spatial heterogeneity, and persistent @entity3257 within households and individuals. By year two, @entity3257 increased significantly to 10.4% overall from 6.2% at baseline, with more, smaller geographical clusters of non-participating households. Multivariable models suggested household level predictors of @entity3257 (increased time to water and household head @entity3257 for both PNT and EBA; increased household size for PNT status only; non-inclusion in a previous @entity11738 examination survey and younger age for EBA only). Enhanced coverage efforts did not decrease @entity3257 . Few infected @entity1 were detected at year three and only one infected @entity1 was EBA previously. Infected @entity1 were in communities close to untreated endemic areas with higher rates of EBA @entity3257 during MDA. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In hypo-endemic settings, with good coverage and no association between @entity3257 and @entity281 , efforts to improve participation during MDA may not be required. Further research could investigate spatial hotspots of @entity281 and @entity3257 in other low and medium prevalence settings before allocating resources to increase participation.

title: Non-participation during @entity4580 mass treatment for XXXX in The Gambia: heterogeneity and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-participation']

answer: @entity11738 :: (MESH:D014141,Disease) :: ['trachoma']


abstract: AIM: To study the relationship between the @entity31202 @entity40967 polymorphism and @entity26 uptake (VO2) before and after exercise training. METHODS: Police recruits (N = 206, 25    4 y) with RR (n = 75), RX (n = 97), and XX (n = 33) genotypes were selected. After baseline measures, they underwent 18 wk of running endurance training. Peak VO2 was obtained by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. RESULTS: Baseline body weight was not different among genotypes. At baseline, XX individuals displayed higher VO2 at anaerobic threshold, @entity1576 point, and exercise peak than did RR individuals (P < .003). Endurance training significantly increased VO2 at anaerobic threshold, @entity1576 point, and exercise peak (P < 2 * 10-6), but the differences between XX and RR were no longer observed. Only relative peak VO2 exercise remained higher in XX than in RR genotype (P = .04). In contrast, the increase in relative peak VO2 was greater in RR than in XX individuals (12% vs 6%; P = .02). CONCLUSION: @entity31202 @entity40967 polymorphism is associated with VO2. XX individuals have greater aerobic capacity. Endurance training eliminates differences in peak VO2 between XX and RR individuals. These findings suggest a ceiling-effect phenomenon, and, perhaps, trained individuals may not constitute an adequate population to explain associations between phenotypic variability and gene variations.

title: Elimination of Influences of the @entity31202 XXXX Variant on @entity26 Uptake by Endurance Training in Healthy Individuals.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory compensation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity40967 :: (p|SUB|R|577|X,ProteinMutation) :: ['R577X']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the size of the trigeminal nerve on magnetic resonance (MR) images of @entity1 with unilateral @entity4254 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained and informed consent was waived for this HIPAA-compliant study. The sizes of the trigeminal nerves in 31 @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ; mean age, 68 years; age range, 44-84 years) with clinically confirmed intractable unilateral @entity4254 were measured before treatment with gamma knife radiosurgery. Images were analyzed separately by two neuroradiologists who were blinded to the side of the face with symptoms. Coronal projection images were used to determine the diameter and cross-sectional area of the trigeminal nerves at 5 mm from the entry point of the nerve into the pons. Comparisons were made by using a paired t test. Interobserver variability was assessed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the trigeminal nerve on the symptomatic side was significantly smaller than the mean diameter on the asymptomatic side in 30 of 31 @entity1 (2.11 mm +/- 0.40 [standard deviation] and 2.62 mm +/- 0.56, P < .001, 95% confidence interval: -0.35, -0.67 mm). The mean cross-sectional area on the symptomatic side was significantly smaller than the area on the asymptomatic side in 27 of 31 @entity1 (4.50 mm(2) +/- 1.75 and 6.28 mm(2) +/- 2.19, P < .001, 95% confidence interval: -2.41, -1.16 mm(2)). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that trigeminal nerve @entity194 can be depicted noninvasively in @entity1 with @entity4254 .

title: Nerve XXXX in severe @entity4254 : noninvasive confirmation at MR imaging--initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Modification of proteins with @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ) is known to alter the function of proteins and regulate the associated biological processes in eukaryotic cells. The development of mass spectrometry (MS) makes high-throughput analysis of @entity13789 modification accessible. However, the identification of @entity13789 modification is still hampered by the low frequency of this modification. Therefore, only a limited number of @entity13789 modification sites have been identified. The enrichment of @entity13789 -modified peptides is critical for the MS analysis of this modification because of its low abundance. Herein, we explored a novel strategy for specifically extracting the @entity13789 -modified peptides using fluorous derivatization through @entity5140 click chemistry combined with following fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). This @entity5140 click chemistry-based derivatization is highly efficient (with a yield of almost 100%) and fast (30 min). Because of the hydrophobicity of the fluorous tag, the signal of fluorous-derivatized @entity13789 -modified peptides was greatly enhanced, making the detection of @entity13789 -modified peptides sensitive. The FSPE further allowed the selective enrichment of fluorous-derivatized @entity13789 -modified peptides from salt solutions and complex mixtures with specificity. Finally, 673 @entity13789 modification sites (607 @entity3793 sites, 60 @entity462 sites, 5 @entity376 sites, and 1 @entity369 site) on 661 @entity13789 -modified peptides mapped to 432 proteins were successfully identified using this novel approach, which presented the largest data set of @entity13789 modification in MCF-7 cells. Three identified proteins were validated by Western blotting.

title: Highly Selective and Large Scale Mass Spectrometric Analysis of XXXX Modification via Fluorous Derivatization and Fluorous Solid-Phase Extraction.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']

answer: @entity11838 :: (MESH:C027576,Chemical) :: ['4-Hydroxynonenal']


abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) accounts for 3% of all @entity5 in adults. The indications for Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) for @entity703 include T1a ( @entity5 4 cm or less, limited to the kidney), elderly @entity1 , @entity8 , comorbidities, poor surgical candidate, and multiple bilateral renal masses. We retrospectively reviewed medical records, specifically investigating the indications, complications and outcomes of RFA and nephrectomy for treatment of @entity1358 in a tertiary medical center with a predominantly Hispanic @entity1 population. Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity1358 were evaluated. Nine @entity1 had RFA, 9 had partial nephrectomy and 31 had radical nephrectomy. All @entity1 among the 3 groups had stage T1N0M0 @entity1358 at diagnosis. @entity5 recurrence was observed in 2 (22%) @entity1 that had RFA, one (11%) @entity1 that had partial nephrectomy and no @entity1 that had radical nephrectomy. One @entity1 had recurrence of the @entity5 at the opposite kidney pole from the initial RFA site 4 years later. This particular @entity1 did not have any @entity5 recurrence at the site of the initial RFA. A second RFA was performed on the recurrent @entity5 with no recurrence upon subsequent follow up visits. The second @entity1 had recurrence of the @entity1358 on 1 year follow that was discovered to be @entity1358 , which is an aggressive type with a poor prognosis. Our results support the clinical utility of RFA in @entity1 with stage T1 @entity1358 who are poor surgical candidates or those with reduced renal function. The clinical utility of RFA as an equally effective approach when compared to partial nephrectomy in @entity1 with stage T1 @entity1358 that meet strict indications for the procedure. The treatment choice should be individualized and based on the characteristics of the @entity703 such as size, location and histological type of @entity1358 . We conclude that RFA presents a safe treatment choice for @entity1 with @entity1358 if long term follow up is maintained.

title: Comparative Outcome of Computed Tomography-guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation, Partial Nephrectomy or Radical Nephrectomy in the Treatment of Stage T1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid RCC', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal carcinomas']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: @entity130 to the central nervous system (CNS) often causes @entity66 . However, because of the CNS complexity and variability in the clinical presentations, efforts to repair damaged CNS tissue and restoring its functions are particularly demanding. On the other hand, recent progress in the regenerative therapy field have led to novel approaches for the treatment of @entity4215 and renewed hopes to overcome the obstacles. It appears that the balance between neurite re-growth-inhibiting and neurite re-growth-inducing molecules determines the axonal re-growth fate. Neurotrophic factors can tilt this balance and indeed promote cell survival and axonal re-growth over @entity179 . One of the promising neurotrophic factors in this field is @entity5392 ( @entity7178 ). METHODS: We transfected @entity35 bone marrow stromal cells with a @entity1 expression vector-inserted @entity1 @entity7178 gene through the use of a non-viral method to prepare @entity1 @entity7178 -overexpressing stem cells under ex  vivo conditions. We transplanted these modified cells to the @entity35 model of spinal cord @entity130 to explore functional recovery after contusion induction. RESULTS: Our data from immunocytochemistry and behavioral tests showed that such cells can act as a powerful potential approach to treat traumatic CNS injuries because these modified cells improved the behavioral test scores in the @entity35 model of @entity1566 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7178 -overexpressing bone marrow stromal cells can ameliorate spinal cord @entity130 and can be used in the treatment of traumatic CNS injuries in the near future.

title: @entity1 @entity5392 -overexpressing stable bone marrow stromal cells in the treatment of a XXXX model of traumatic @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4215 :: ('MESH:D020196', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic CNS injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity5392 :: ('25707(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ciliary neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic injury', 'traumatic injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A model for @entity7521 in @entity95 was developed based on multiple intravenous injections of pregnant does with high concentrations of @entity14329 . A total of 48 pregnant does and 394 newborns were evaluated. Indications of in utero infection included a 7- to 10-fold increase in fetal mortality and a 49% reduction in birth weight. The size of the stillborns varied. Some developed to normal size, whereas others were poorly developed, @entity548 , and 1/10th normal size. Fetuses were surgically removed after 25 to 28 days of gestation and extracts of the fetal tissues were injected into adult @entity95 . @entity75 resulted demonstrating the presence of @entity14329 within the fetal tissues. Treponemes were also demonstrated within splenic tissue from a 1-week-old newborn. Isolated amniotic membranes were placed in Franz Biologic chambers. Viable organisms readily penetrated through the amnion but heat-inactivated organisms did not. Further evidence for in utero transmission of organisms was provided by intradermal injection of 6- to 7-week-old newborns. In control newborns in which the does were not infected during pregnancy, lesions occurred at 90% of the sites injected and developed in typical fashion. In newborns from does infected during pregnancy, lesions occurred in 18% of the sites injected and developed in atypical fashion (flat, nonulcerating, rapid healing). Finally, overt @entity7521 did not occur if the does were immune prior to pregnancy, then infected with @entity14329 during pregnancy. The percent mortalities and birth weights of newborns were equivalent to control newborns from noninfected does.

title: Experimental @entity7521 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Syphilitic lesions']

entities_list: @entity7521 :: ('MESH:D013590', 'Disease') :: ['congenital syphilis']

entities_list: @entity14329 :: ('160', 'Species') :: ['Treponema pallidum', 'T. pallidum']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using low-dose computed tomography (CT) in coronary artery @entity460 scoring and PET attenuation correction for @entity1 in different weight categories undergoing cardiac PET/CT examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity460 scoring computed tomography (CSCT) scans and PET scans of anthropomorphic cardiac phantoms simulating normal-weight, mildly @entity28 , and severely @entity28 @entity1 were acquired with a hybrid PET/CT scanner. CSCT images were acquired at 120   kVp, with tube current ranging from 10 to 550   mA. PET scans were performed in three-dimensional mode, with acquisition time of 3   min/bed position. The image quality of cardiac PET/CT was evaluated by assessing the signal-to-noise ratio. CT-based coronary artery @entity460 quantification was performed using the Agatston scoring system. RESULTS: On the basis of our results, the CSCT protocols using tube currents of 50 and 150   mA should be able to achieve the lowest possible radiation dose while maintaining the desired image quality for normal-weight and mildly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing cardiac PET/CT examinations, respectively. When the proposed low-dose CSCT protocols were performed, radiation dose could be reduced by 83.34 and 50% compared with those from CSCT scans acquired with standard tube current settings for normal-weight and mildly @entity28 @entity1 , respectively. In the scanning of severely @entity28 @entity1 , an increase in tube voltage or current would help improve the reliability of image information provided by cardiac PET/CT. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated the feasibility of low-dose CT protocols for coronary artery @entity460 scoring and PET attenuation correction in cardiac PET/CT to examine @entity1 in different weight categories. The calculations performed in this work should be able to provide practical information to achieve necessary diagnostic information while keeping radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable.

title: The feasibility of low-dose CT protocols for coronary artery XXXX scoring and PET attenuation correction in cardiac PET/CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: @entity1 with undifferentiated @entity490 ( @entity490 ) frequently present to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). The most common diagnosis is the nonspecific @entity490 although missed occult surgical pathology in the haemodynamically stable @entity1 with equivocal symptoms and signs is a potential source of morbidity. The objectives of this study were two-fold. Firstly, to ascertain the accuracy of @entity341 clinicians in the diagnosis of @entity490 , and to delineate if there was a population of @entity1 who would normally require admission to hospital that would be suitable to be managed on a Clinical Decision Unit (CDU) protocol. Secondly, to prospectively evaluate such a strategy by way of a pilot study. METHODS: An initial retrospective cohort study of consecutive @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 with undifferentiated @entity490 were analysed. Data were extracted on admission, length of stay and the correlation between initial @entity341 clinical diagnosis and final discharge diagnosis. Following this, a protocol was developed within our institution for the management of @entity1 with stable @entity490 on a CDU pathway. This was then formally evaluated over a period of 25 months as part of a quality improvement exercise. RESULTS: A total of 501 @entity1 were analysed of whom 48% were admitted from the @entity341 . The initial @entity341 diagnosis was correct in 57% of @entity1 , and 28% of admitted @entity1 were discharged within 48 h with no specific intervention. During the period of the pilot study, 189 @entity1 were entered on to the @entity490 CDU pathway, of which 85% were safely discharged directly from the CDU and 67% within 24 h. Of the 28 @entity1 admitted only four required an operation. Use of the protocol in this population resulted in the initial @entity341 assessment being correct in 69% of cases. CONCLUSION: The management of stable @entity490 within the @entity341 environment on a well-defined CDU pathway is feasible and can facilitate safe, efficient and effective care with early discharge and an increase in the accuracy of the final diagnosis.

title: The Clinical Decision Unit has a role to play in the management of acute undifferentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['AAP', 'abdominal pain', 'acute abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1082 ) is recognized as a major causative agent for cervical @entity189 . Based on their oncogenic potential, HPV subtypes have been divided into high- and low-risk. In Pakistan, screening for HPV in female @entity1 is not commonly practiced, and as a consequence, the degree of HPV prevalence and its correlation with @entity5 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we have attempted to estimate the prevalence of @entity1083 , and also the HPV subtype profile, among @entity15449 @entity1 with @entity5 from varied geographical, racial, and social backgrounds within Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: @entity1 visiting two tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, diagnosed with @entity189 within the past 15 years, were analyzed for HPV subtypes in their @entity5 specimens. Retrospectively, 60 @entity982 -embedded @entity5 biopsies were examined for the presence of HPV DNA. After DNA extraction from these samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the HPV L1 gene using the consensus (general) primers, and primers specific for subtypes 16 and 18. RESULTS: Of the 60 samples analyzed, only one sample was HPV negative; the rest of the samples were positive for the presence of HPV. Of the 59 HPV positive samples, 56 showed the presence of @entity1799 and one sample was positive for HPV18; HPV subtype could not be determined in two samples. CONCLUSION: Our results show a strong relationship between @entity5 among @entity15449 @entity1 . These results underscore the need to implement regular HPV screening for @entity15449 @entity1 . An early diagnosis of @entity1083 will allow better health management to reduce the risk of developing @entity5 .

title: @entity1082 subtype 16 is common in @entity15449 XXXX with cervical carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection and cervical cancer', 'cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Release of @entity1426 from phospholipids by phospholipases A2 (PLA2) is the rate-limiting step in @entity3009 (PG) synthesis. @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha are essential intermediates in interstitial collagenase-mediated degradation of type I collagen, a key step in cervical dilatation at parturition. We demonstrate that PLA2 is present in cytosolic fractions of @entity840 cervix and PLA2 activity is increased during cervical dilatation at parturition. In the cervix of nonpregnant animals, PLA2 activity against @entity2434 (PC) and @entity3633 (PE) was 13 +/- 6 and 49 +/- 27 pmol.min-1.mg protein-1, respectively. Levels were similar at day 25 of pregnancy. At day 50, PLA2-PC increased to 190 +/- 54 pmol.min-1.mg-1, and PLA2-PE rose to 592 +/- 127 pmol.min-1.mg-1. At parturition (68 +/- 2 days) there were further increases of 49-67%. PLA2 activity declined toward basal levels 2 days postpartum. Almost 50% of the enhanced cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) activity at day 50 or at parturition was of high molecular mass and was identified as the "85-kDa cPLA2." Increases in cPLA2 activity at these time points were not, however, associated with increases in cPLA2 protein or phosphorylation of cPLA2, compared with nonpregnant animals. This study suggests that multiple PLA2 enzymes, including cPLA2, are involved in cervical dilatation at parturition.

title: Phospholipase A2 activity is increased in XXXX uterine cervix in late pregnancy and at parturition.

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Transthoracic echocardiography is not a routine test in the pre-operative cardiac evaluation of @entity1 undergoing non-cardiac surgery but may be considered in those with known @entity712 and @entity340 or @entity299 . In this setting, @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ) could find a potential application as an alternative to standard echocardiography in selected @entity1 ; however, its utility in this context has not been investigated. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the conclusiveness of @entity8566 compared to standard echocardiography in this subset of @entity1 . 100 @entity1 scheduled for non-cardiac surgery were randomized to receive a standard exam with a Philips Ie33 or a bedside evaluation with a pocket-size imaging device (Opti-Go, Philips Medical System). The primary endpoint was the percentage of satisfactory diagnosis at the end of the examination referred as conclusiveness. Secondary endpoints were the mean duration time and the mean waiting time to perform the exams. No significant difference in terms of conclusiveness between @entity8566 and standard echo was found (86 vs 96%; P = 0.08). Mean duration time of the examinations was 6.1    1.2 min with @entity8566 and 13.1    2.6 min with standard echocardiography (P < 0.001). @entity8566 resulted in a consistent save of waiting time because it was performed the same day of clinical evaluation whereas @entity1 waited 10.1    6.1 days for a standard echocardiography (P < 0.001). This study suggests the potential role of @entity8566 for pre-operative evaluation of selected @entity1 undergoing non-cardiac surgery, since it provided similar information but it was faster and earlier performed compared to standard echocardiography.

title: Hand-held echocardiography in the setting of pre-operative cardiac evaluation of XXXX undergoing non-cardiac surgery: results from a randomized pilot study.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-held echocardiography', 'HHE']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['complaining cardiac symptoms']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Earlier we found that being added to @entity35 liver mitochondria, @entity7609 ( @entity15409 ) plus @entity141 opened a @entity205 -insensitive pore, which remained open for a short time. Apparently, this pore is involved in the @entity15409 -induced apoptosis and may also take part in the mitochondrial @entity141 recycling as a @entity141 efflux system (Belosludtsev et al. J Bioenerg Biomembr 38:113-120, 2006; Mironova et al. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 39:167-174, 2007). In this paper, we continue studying physiological and regulatory aspects of the pore. The following observations have been made. (1) @entity6894 has been found to facilitate the @entity141 -induced formation of pores in the @entity15409 -containing liposomal membranes. (2) The opening of @entity15409 / @entity141 -induced pore is accompanied by the release of apoptosis-induced factor (AIF) from mitochondria. (3) The rate of @entity15409 / @entity141 -induced swelling of @entity35 liver mitochondria increases substantially with the age of animals. (4) Although the @entity15409 / @entity141 -induced pore opens both in the liver and heart mitochondria, the latter require higher @entity15409 concentrations for the pore to open. (5) The pore opening depends on the resistance of animals to @entity519 : in the highly resistant to @entity519 @entity35 , the mitochondrial @entity15409 / @entity141 -induced pore opens easier than in the low resistant animals, this being opposite for the classical, @entity205 -sensitive MPT pore. The adaptation of the low resistant @entity35 to @entity26 deficiency increases the sensitivity of their mitochondria to PalCaP inductors. The paper also discusses a possible role of the mitochondrial @entity15409 / @entity141 -induced pore in the protection of tissues against @entity519 .

title: Physiological aspects of the mitochondrial @entity205 -insensitive palmitate/ XXXX -induced pore: tissue specificity, age profile and dependence on the animal's adaptation to @entity519 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['Cardiolipin']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: @entity19 were X-irradiated on day 14, 15 or 16 of gestation with 1.0 Gy. This did not result in an increased @entity5 frequency in the offspring until 12 months. @entity19 treated with @entity330 ( @entity331 ) (45 mg/kg) on these gestation days developed a significantly increased @entity5 frequency in the lungs and liver, and in the ovaries after treatment on day 15 of gestation. Additionally this experiment was the first to show that @entity331 treatment on gestation day 14, 15 or 16 results in haemangiosarcomas of the subcutis at a low incidence (2.0, 2.4, 2.6 per cent). After combined treatment with these two agents in the sequence X+ @entity331 and an interval of 4 h, a significantly increased incidence rate of animals with @entity5 was observed in the offspring treated on gestation day 14 or 16. Moreover, the treatment on gestation day 16 exhibited the highest @entity5 frequency per examined animal (5.7) of all treatment groups. This result is due to a relatively uniform increase of all @entity5 types. Within this pattern, the frequency of @entity96 was most marked. The diagnosed @entity96 were significantly augmented after X+ @entity331 treatment on day 16. In the reverse sequence ( @entity331 +X), the total @entity5 outcome was not significantly altered compared with the effects of @entity331 alone. However, detailed analysis also showed a significant @entity96 frequency with treatment on day 15.

title: Postnatal development and @entity5 pattern in NMRI XXXX after combined treatment with @entity330 and X-irradiation on different days of the fetal period.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumours', 'augmentation of the liver tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylnitrosourea']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We wanted to compare the variability in the @entity2415 index (EI) measurements that were computed with standard and high resolution (HR) reconstruction algorithms (RAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 475 @entity1 who underwent CT for surveillance of lung nodules. From this cohort, 50 @entity1 (28 male) were included in the study. For these @entity1 , the baseline and follow-up scans were acquired on the same multidetector CT scanner and using the same acquisition protocol. The CT scans were reconstructed with HR and standard RAs. We determined the difference in the EI between @entity7487 and @entity18246 for the HR and standard RAs, and we compared the variance of these differences. RESULTS: The mean of the variation of the total lung volume was 0.14 L (standard deviation [SD] = 0.13 L) for the standard RA and 0.16 L (SD = 0.15 L) for the HR RA. These differences were not significant. For the standard RA, the mean variation was 0.13% (SD = 0.44%) for EI -970 and 0.4% (SD = 0.88%) for EI -950; for the HR RA, the mean variation was 1.9% (SD = 2.2%) for EI -970 and 3.6% (SD = 3.7%) for EI -950. These differences were significant. CONCLUSION: Using an HR RA appears to increase the variability of the CT measurements of the EI.

title: Reconstruction algorithms influence the follow-up variability in the longitudinal CT XXXX index measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal emphysema']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the natural history and outcome of @entity281 developing in @entity134 treated @entity29 . BACKGROUND: @entity281 occurring in immunosuppressed or immunocompromised @entity1 is a common problem with a significant mortality. @entity281 during the course of @entity29 has been reported in a small number of @entity1 with at least one fatality. METHODS: Four young @entity1 with @entity29 who developed @entity281 while on immunosuppressive therapy, @entity230 , or @entity500 were studied. In each @entity1 the @entity281 was severe, and the three most recently treated @entity1 received @entity1033 . RESULTS: All four @entity1 developed severe @entity281 while receiving immunosuppressive therapy for their disease. Three @entity1 were treated with intravenous @entity1033 with concomitant reduction of @entity134 dosage and recovered completely. One @entity1 , treated in 1980 with antibiotics and reduction in @entity230 , did not receive @entity1033 and also survived. CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 is a relatively uncommon occurrence in @entity29 . If @entity281 occurs, prompt diagnosis and treatment with @entity1033 and concomitant reduction in immunosuppressive therapy (reduction in @entity134 dosage and discontinuation of @entity500 ) should be initiated immediately to limit @entity646 and avoid fatal complications.

title: @entity281 during the course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Varicella infection', 'infection', 'varicella infection']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Congenital left ventricular to right atrial (LV-RA) shunt ( @entity154 ) is rare, while acquired LV-RA shunt has been increasingly reported. As yet, systematically incorporated data of the LV-RA shunt have not been presented. AIM: To present the clinical features, diagnostic challenge and management strategies of congenital and acquired LV-RA shunts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data source was based on a comprehensive literature retrieval of the LV-RA shunt in the period 1990-2013. RESULTS: In comparison with the acquired @entity154 , the @entity154 group of @entity1 were younger and were associated more often with additional @entity4670 . Previous cardiac surgery and @entity884 were the two major aetiologies of the occurrence of the acquired shunts. @entity733 was associated in 10.2% and @entity713 in 13.6% of the acquired group @entity1 . Transoesophageal echocardiography showed a higher diagnostic accuracy, lower missed diagnosis and lower inclusive diagnosis rates, in comparison to transthoracic echocardiography, but the misdiagnosis rates of the two modalities did not differ from each other. Four (4.5%) of the acquired group @entity1 were complicated by @entity713 following surgical or interventional closure of the shunt. Eight (9.1%) @entity1 died in the acquired group, but no @entity1 died in the congenital group. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of an LV-RA shunt is quite challenging, especially in the context of coexisting abnormalities including an additional intracardiac shunt, @entity997 , @entity120 and @entity884 , which have to be carefully differentiated from the shunt by further investigations. A better control of infective complications and careful manoeuvres during surgery may help to keep the LV-RA-sensitive septum intact.

title: Left ventricular to right atrial shunt ( XXXX ): congenital versus acquired.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Gerbode defect', 'congenital Gerbode defect']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorders']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['Paravalvular abscess']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Gerbode defect']


abstract: @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells share many characteristics with neurons and are often used as a simple model system to study ion channels and neurotransmitter release. We infected @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells with a replication deficient adenovirus that induces expression of the common reporters beta-galactosidase and Green Fluorescent Protein via a bicistronic sequence. In perforated-patch recordings performed 48-h postinfection, peak @entity460 currents were reduced 32%, primarily due to loss of omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive current. In contrast, @entity1372 currents were increased 17%. Exocytosis, detected as an increase in membrane capacitance immediately after a single step depolarization, was reduced in proportion to the decrease in @entity460 influx. However, capacitance continued to increase for seconds after the depolarization. The amplitude of this poststimulus drift, or asynchronous exocytosis, was approximately three times that which occurred in a small fraction of control cells. Exocytosis evoked by repetitive stimulation with a train of brief depolarizations was increased 50%. Intracellular @entity460 levels measured during and after stimulation were lower, not higher, in adenovirus-infected cells. Electroporated cells showed reduced @entity460 currents but no enhancement of exocytosis. Cells infected with UV-irradiated virus showed reduced @entity460 currents and enhancement of exocytosis, but the changes were smaller than those caused by intact virus. Our results are consistent with the idea that adenovirus capsid and adenoviral DNA contribute to a @entity141 influx- and [ @entity141 ]i-independent enhancement of exocytosis in @entity291 chromaffin cells.

title: Enhancement of asynchronous and train-evoked exocytosis in XXXX adrenal chromaffin cells infected with a replication deficient adenovirus.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Besides the use of autologous bone grafting several osteoconductive and osteoinductive methods have been reported to improve bone healing. However, persistent non-union occurs in a considerable number of cases and compromised angiogenesisis suspectedto impede bone regeneration. Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBO) improvesangiogenesis. This study evaluates the effects of @entity79 treated with autologous bone grafting in a @entity79 model in @entity95 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four New-Zealand White @entity95 were subjected to a unilateral critical sized diaphyseal radius @entity79 and treated with autologous cancellous bone transplantation. The study groups were exposed to an additional HBO treatment regimen. Bone regeneration was evaluated radiologicallyand histologically at 3 and 6 weeks, angiogenesis was assessed by immunohistochemistry at 3 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: The additional administration of HBO resulted in a significantly increased new bone formation and angiogenesis compared to the sole treatment with autologous bone grafting. These results were apparent after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION: The additionof HBO therapytoautologousbonegraftsleadstosignificantlyimprovedboneregeneration. The increase in angiogenesis observed could play a crucial role for the results observed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Hyperbaric XXXX therapy improves angiogenesis and bone formation in critical sized diaphyseal defects.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect', 'HBO on bone defects']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity13571 is a disease whose prognosis has improved considerably with @entity134 and immunosuppressive treatment, which points up the importance of early diagnosis. In elderly, diagnosis is made more difficult because the frequent onset in the form of a @entity221 with non-specific disturbances in general condition. In these @entity1 it is not uncommon that a kidney involvement is what leads to diagnosis of the disease. @entity811 is almost a constant in vasculitis @entity8 . In their absence, @entity810 in elderly is usually attributed to hemodynamic causes and the frequent presence of iatrogenic tubular factors. This is a report on the case of three elderly @entity1 who presented a @entity221 with @entity1395 , @entity448 and @entity353 . The three cases progressed to @entity810 with no disorders in urinary sediment. In two cases was a history of administration of @entity801 , @entity3352 and iodated contrast. The clinical diagnosis was @entity8 and, when dialysis became necessary, a renal biopsy was done which showed @entity1333 , @entity1310 and in two cases, necrotizing glomerulitis and crescent formation. Treatment with @entity230 and @entity786 was started which improved general condition and renal function in one case. Early renal biopsy is advisable in senile @entity1 with non specific systemic symptoms and progressive @entity810 of unclear origin, even when @entity811 is lacking. In this setting, the appearance of underdiagnosed @entity8 is possible, and consequent immunosuppressive treatment is a factor for consideration.

title: [ XXXX without @entity811 in senile @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal vasculitis', 'toxic and ischemic tubulopathy']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['intersticial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria', 'Hematuria']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile syndrome']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal vasculitis']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 meeting DSM-III criteria for @entity161 , @entity10963 were studied. After a 30 day drug-free period the @entity1 were randomized in two groups. During a year, @entity1 in Group 1 received intramuscular injections of a placebo while Group 2 received recombinant IFN alpha-2b. Both groups took anti- @entity716 medication (APM) as needed on an individual basis, depending on their psychiatric symptomatology. Double blind evaluations, were performed at the beginning and at the end of the trial, using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Reyes Scale for Social Evolution (RSSE). Information about relapses was gathered such as months without relapse, number and duration of the relapses and maximum dosages of APM given for relapse control. The statistical analysis of the results was performed with a matched pairs sign or Student's t tests for comparisons of each group before and after treatment. Groups were compared between them using the Fisher's exact test for frequencies and Student's t test for continuous variables. In Group 1: only one @entity1 improved on the BPRS score; two had improved ratings on the RSSE; 2 @entity1 got worse; and there were no changes in the rest of the group; three @entity1 had no relapses and one increased in relapse frequency. These changes were not significant. The rate of relapses per year and their duration were not significantly modified in Group 1. The maximum dose of APM required for their relapse control was larger than before treatment although not significantly. All these @entity1 required continuous APM. In Group 2 (IFN treated): 6 @entity1 had improved BPRS scores (N = 6, K = 6, p < 0.01) and 5 improved their RSSE scores (n = 5, K = 5, p < 0.05). In 5 @entity1 there were no relapses on their frequency decreased. There was significant reduction in the duration of the relapses (37.8 +/- 14.6 to 20.7 +/- 12.5 days; t = 4.83; d.f. = 9; p = 0.0009) after treatment. Only 3 @entity1 in Group 2 needed continuous APM after a relapse and the maximum dose required for control was significantly less (1281 +/- 527 to 687 +/- 552 @entity2644 -equivalent mg. per day; t = 5.56, p < 0.001). Comparisons between groups showed advantage for the IFN treated group in the BPRS change, proportion of @entity1 needing continuous APM and integral evaluation. These results indicate that alpha IFN may be useful in the treatment of @entity161 , @entity10963 .

title: Treatment of XXXX , paranoid type, with intramuscular recombinant alpha-2b interferon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenic Disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['Paranoid Type']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic disorder']


abstract: In order to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity619 as a single agent without the concomitant infusion of @entity632 and @entity1891 (VAD), an ECOG pilot study was initiated using 40 mg by mouth daily for 4 days every week for 8 weeks. @entity1 who responded were then maintained on the same treatment, but at 2 week intervals. Of the 32 @entity1 evaluable for response, three were completely refractory to all prior therapy. All @entity1 had advanced disease and 26 had received multiple prior treatments. There were 13/32 (40%) objective responses by ECOG criteria. Of the 28 @entity1 evaluable for subjective response, i.e., significant decrease in performance status and/or @entity158 , eight (28.5%) responded. Of the 34 @entity1 evaluable for @entity137 , 19 @entity1 (55%) had moderate to severe side effects, including nine who had central nervous system effects, three who had @entity360 , two who had @entity1151 , one with @entity716 , and four who had serious infections with one @entity204 . Median survival for the entire group was 19 weeks, with 31 weeks in the responders and 9 weeks in the non-responders. Although high-dose @entity619 is capable of producing a significant number of partial responses (40%), it is associated with excessive @entity137 . Less frequent administration of the @entity619 at 2 week intervals was well tolerated in the maintenance of partial response, but has not been studied for efficacy in induction of remission.

title: High-dose XXXX for refractory or relapsing multiple myeloma.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: @entity1 were recruited in four centres in North-West Italy. 138 @entity1 were assessed for eligibility, 113 ones underwent randomisation and 105 completed the study. Newborns aged less than 10 days of life, with gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks, birth weight from 2,500 to 4,300 g and normal physical examination were recruitable. Premature @entity1 and @entity1 affected by outcomes of perinatal @entity519 or @entity1964 have been excluded. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive five drops containing @entity6374 DSM 17938 (108 cfu) with 400 UI of @entity3875 or only 400 UI of @entity3875 daily. The primary endpoints concern the administration of @entity158 relieving agents (cimetropium bromide at least three times per week or simethicone at least five times per week) from baseline to 12 weeks. Additional analyses were done on the percentage of @entity1 that switched from an exclusive breastfeeding to a partial or exclusive formula feeding from baseline to 12 weeks. Data concerning the number of calls to the paediatricians and the number of visits at paediatricians' ambulatories due to infantile colic have been collected by paediatrician and analysed. Comparing the two groups, the relative risk was 0.04 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.01-0.31) for cimetropium bromide, 0.24 (95% CI=0.14-0.41) for @entity21710 and 0.37 (95% CI=0.17-0.80) for the administration of @entity1 formula, showing a protective action of @entity6374 . The treatment group showed a lower number of paediatric consultations related to episodes of @entity1 colic than the control group (P<0.0001). @entity6374 DSM 17938 supplementation at the tested dosage could reduce parental discomfort due to infantile colic. The consumption of this probiotic is associated with a reduction of paediatric consultations for infantile colic, as well as use of @entity158 relieving agents and of @entity1 formula.

title: Preventive effects of oral probiotic on infantile colic: a prospective, randomised, blinded, controlled trial using XXXX DSM 17938.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity21710 :: ('MESH:D012841', 'Chemical') :: ['simethicone']

entities_list: @entity6374 :: ('1598', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri', 'L. reuteri']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising enterocolitis']

answer: @entity6374 :: (1598,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri']


abstract: In this study, PEGylated multiwall @entity505 nanotubes (MWNTs)-based drug delivery system was developed. @entity5018 as a model drug was loaded by physical and chemical method. The surface functionalization of nanotubes was carried out by enrichment of acylated groups. In order to synthesis PEGylated MWNTs, hydrophilic @entity62528 was covalently linked to the MWNTs surface via amidation reaction. Finally, @entity5018 was chemically and physically loaded on the PEGylated MWNTs. The resultants were characterized by FTIR, AFM, and DLS techniques. @entity137 of PEGylated MWNTs were examined by @entity98 assay and the results revealed that @entity970 functionalized nanotubes did not show significant detrimental effects on the viability of L929 Cells. The percent of drug loading for chemically and physically drug payload carrier were determined to be 52.5% and 38%, respectively. The release of @entity5018 from covalently conjugated and non-covalent drug loaded PEGylated MWNTs at pH=7.4, and 5.3 were investigated, as well. From the results, it was found that chemically loaded MWNTs showed much sustained release behavior compared to the physically loaded one, especially at pH=5.3. The kinetic of drug release was also investigated. The results strongly suggest that the chemically conjugated PEGylated MWNTs could be used as controlled release system for various drugs.

title: Preparation and characterization of PEGylated multiwall XXXX nanotubes as covalently conjugated and non-covalent drug carrier: A comparative study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity62528 :: ('CHEBI:53541', 'Chemical') :: ['diamino-polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The distal ulnar artery in the hand is subjected to @entity130 when the hypothenar eminence is used as a hammer. The clinical presentation of @entity432 or @entity439 formation at this site with a history of @entity130 to the hypothenar eminence is termed the @entity1848 ( @entity1848 ) and is most commonly observed in the right hands of @entity1 . Since the @entity130 -inducing activities associated with the @entity1848 are common, the histopathology of this arterial segment in our autopsy population was evaluated. METHODS: The distal ulnar artery in the hand was examined in 21 randomly selected autopsies. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cross sections of artery were assessed using @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E), trichrome and elastic stains as well as immunohistochemistry for @entity2280 and alpha-smooth muscle actin. RESULTS: Intimal @entity1373 is common at this site in the vasculature. The degree of @entity1373 , as assessed by the intima/media ratio, is significantly greater in the right hands of @entity1 than in either their corresponding left hands or in @entity1 . None of the arterial segments examined contained foam cells or extracellular lipid deposits indicative of @entity731 . CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity1317 , @entity1373 is common but is particularly severe in the right hands of @entity1 , correlating with the demographics of the @entity1848 . Although, this arterial segment frequently develops @entity1373 , it is resistant to the development of @entity731 .

title: Intimal @entity1373 in the distal ulnar artery; Influence of gender and implications for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury-prone segment of the distal ulnar artery']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['intimal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1848 :: ('MESH:D037801', 'Disease') :: ['HHS', 'hypothenar hammer syndrome']

answer: @entity1848 :: (MESH:D037801,Disease) :: ['hypothenar hammer syndrome']


abstract: Tetralogy of Fallot, the most common cyanotic @entity299 , has not been closely associated with a specific chromosome defect. The San Luis Valley Recombinant Chromosome 8 [SLV @entity28991 ] syndrome is strongly associated with @entity299 , particularly @entity215 . This article reviews SLV @entity28991 syndrome and other chromosome 8 aberrations to suggest locations for cardiogenic genes. SLV @entity28991 [ @entity28991 ,dup q,inv(8)(p23q22)] syndrome has been found in Hispanic families in the southwestern United States. @entity299 is found in 93.3% of SLV @entity28991 individuals (n = 45), with @entity215 constituting 40.5% of all lesions and @entity20802 , 55.6%. These frequencies exceed the incidence of @entity215 (10%) and @entity20802 (20%) among all @entity1 with @entity299 (P less than 0.003 for both). Review of @entity1 with deletion 8p (n = 13) showed @entity299 in 84.6% with 27.3% being @entity20802 . Among duplication 8q @entity1 (n = 20), 45% had @entity299 with @entity20802 constituting 44%. Neither group differed significantly from expected in its incidence of @entity20802 . Among @entity1 with mosaic trisomy 8 (n = 47), 12 had @entity299 including one @entity20802 . Among 3 @entity1 with other @entity28991 chromosomes, one had a @entity1757 . The cause of @entity299 in SLV @entity28991 cannot be assigned to either the deletion of 8p or the duplication of 8q. The lack of an association between other chromosome 8 abnormalities and @entity215 suggests that genes at the SLV @entity28991 breakpoints or an interaction between genes on both arms of chromosome 8 are important.

title: San Luis Valley recombinant chromosome 8 and XXXX : a review of chromosome 8 anomalies and @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity20802 :: ('MESH:C535464', 'Disease') :: ['conotruncal defect', 'conotruncal defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart disease', 'heart defects', 'heart abnormalities', 'congenital heart disease', 'heart defect']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: The type III secretion system of @entity796 is tightly regulated by various environmental signals, such as low @entity460 and contact with the host cell. However, the exact signals triggering type III secretion are unknown. The present study describes the finding that secretion of @entity796 type III effector molecules requires protein factors from serum and L broth, designated type III secretion factors (TSFs), in addition to the low- @entity460 environment. In the absence of TSF or @entity460 chelator EGTA, basal levels of type III effector molecules are accumulated intracellularly. Addition of TSF and EGTA together effectively triggers the secretion of pre-existing effector molecules in a short time, even before the active expression of type III genes; thus, active type III gene expression does not seem to be a prerequisite for type III secretion. A search for TSF molecules in serum and L broth resulted in the identification of albumin and casein as the functional TSF molecules. Although there is no clear sequence similarity between albumin and casein, both proteins are known to have a low-affinity, high-capacity @entity460 -binding property. Tests of well-studied @entity460 -binding proteins seemed to indicate that low-affinity @entity460 -binding proteins have TSF activity, although the requirement of low-affinity @entity460 -binding ability for the TSF activity is not clear. @entity796 seems to have evolved a sensing mechanism to detect target cells for type III injection through host-derived proteins in combination with a low- @entity460 signal. Disruption of the bacterial ability to sense low @entity460 or TSF might be a valid avenue to the effective control of this bacterial pathogen.

title: Factors triggering type III secretion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of labouring in water during first stage of labour on rates of epidural @entity1337 and operative delivery in nulliparous @entity1 with @entity1266 . DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: University teaching hospital in southern England. @entity1 : 99 nulliparous @entity1 with @entity1266 (cervical dilation rate < 1 cm/hour in active labour) at low risk of complications. Interventions Immersion in water in birth pool or standard augmentation for @entity1266 (amniotomy and intravenous @entity398 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary: epidural @entity1337 and operative delivery rates. Secondary: augmentation rates with amniotomy and @entity398 , length of labour, maternal and neonatal morbidity including infections, maternal @entity158 score, and maternal satisfaction with care. RESULTS: @entity1 randomised to immersion in water had a lower rate of epidural @entity1337 than @entity1 allocated to augmentation (47% v 66%, relative risk 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.49 to 1.01), number needed to treat for benefit (NNT) 5). They showed no difference in rates of operative delivery (49% v 50%, 0.98 (0.65 to 1.47), NNT 98), but significantly fewer received augmentation (71% v 96%, 0.74 (0.59 to 0.88), NNT 4) or any form of obstetric intervention (amniotomy, @entity398 , epidural, or operative delivery) (80% v 98%, 0.81 (0.67 to 0.92), NNT 5). More neonates of @entity1 in the water group were admitted to the neonatal unit (6 v 0, P = 0.013), but there was no difference in Apgar score, infection rates, or umbilical cord pH. CONCLUSIONS: Labouring in water under midwifery care may be an option for slow progress in labour, reducing the need for obstetric intervention, and offering an alternative @entity158 management strategy.

title: Randomised controlled trial of labouring in water compared with standard of augmentation for management of XXXX in first stage of labour.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1266 :: (MESH:D004420,Disease) :: ['dystocia']


abstract: Rising marijuana use and its lowered perceived risk among adolescents highlight the importance of examining patterns of marijuana use over time. This study identified trajectories of marijuana use among adolescents followed from middle through high school, characterized these by co-occurring problem behaviors and teacher-rated academic skills (study skills, attention problems, and @entity4207 ), and tested sixth-grade predictors of trajectory membership. The sample consisted of a randomly-selected cohort of 619 students assessed annually from sixth to twelfth grade. Using group-based modeling, we identified four trajectories of marijuana use: Abstainer (65.6  %), Sporadic (13.9  %), Experimental (11.5  %), and Increasing (9.0  %). Compared to Abstainers, students in the Sporadic, Experimental and Increasing trajectories reported significantly more co-occurring problem behaviors of @entity167 use, cigarette smoking, and physical @entity146 . Sporadic and Experimental users reported significantly less smoking and physical @entity146 , but not @entity167 use, than Increasing users. Teachers consistently rated Abstainers as having better study skills and less attention and @entity4207 than the three marijuana use groups. Compared to Abstainers, the odds of dropping out of high school was at least 2.7 times higher for students in the marijuana use trajectories. Dropout rates did not vary significantly between marijuana use groups. In sixth grade, being male, cigarette smoking, physical @entity146 and attention problems increased the odds of being in the marijuana use trajectories. Multiple indicators-student self-reports, teacher ratings and high school dropout records-showed that marijuana was not an isolated or benign event in the life of adolescents but part of an overall problem behavior syndrome.

title: Marijuana Use from Middle to High School: Co-occurring Problem Behaviors, Teacher-Rated XXXX and Sixth-Grade Predictors.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning problems']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['Academic Skills']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe trends over 20 years in (1) number of admissions for @entity173 , (2) @entity1 ' demographics, type of @entity174 sustained by the @entity1 , and their health status at admission, (3) surgical delays, and (4) acute care outcomes. METHODS: This trend was a study conducted in a Level I @entity130 center in Quebec, Canada. All @entity1 (n = 3174) aged 65 and older, admitted with a @entity173 between 1985 and 2005 were included. Outcome measures were: number of admissions, age, gender, comorbidities at admission, surgical delays, @entity532 , inpatient mortality, discharge destinations. RESULTS: From 1985 to 2005, the number of admissions increased from 56 to 271, age at admission has increased by 2 years both in @entity1 and @entity1 (p < 0.01), @entity1 / @entity1 proportion has remained stable (3.2) over time. The adjusted proportions of minor and severe comorbidities at admission increased by 13% and 5% yearly (p < 0.01). Surgical delays decreased from 4.7 days +/- 16.5 days to 0.9 days +/- 1.9 days (p < 0.01). Acute care length of stay has drastically decreased from 37.0 days +/- 70.9 days to 16.7 days +/- 14.2 days (p < 0.01). Although severe @entity532 did not increase over time, the proportion of @entity1 suffering from minor @entity532 increased by 22%. Inpatient @entity204 has decreased by 4% each year. CONCLUSION: The tremendous increase in the volume of older and sicker @entity1 admitted for @entity173 has put an enormous demand on our Level I @entity130 center. The changes in clinical management implemented to face this challenge have helped improve acute care outcomes.

title: The burden of hospitalized hip @entity174 : patterns of admissions in a level I XXXX center over 20 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['postsurgical complications']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The discovery of hemoglobins in virtually all kingdoms of organisms has shown (1) that the ancestral gene for hemoglobin is ancient, and (2) that hemoglobins can serve additional functions besides transport of @entity26 between tissues, ranging from intracellular @entity26 transport to catalysis of redox reactions. These different functions of the hemoglobins illustrate the acquisition of new roles by a pre-existing structural gene, which requires changes not only in the coding regions but also in the regulatory elements of the genes. The evolution of different regulated functions within an ancient gene family allows an examination of the types of biosequence data that are informative for various types of issues. Alignment of @entity535 sequences is informative for the phylogenetic relationships among the hemoglobins in bacteria, fungi, protists, plants and animals. Although many of these diverse hemoglobins are induced by low @entity26 concentrations, to date none of the molecular mechanisms for their @entity519 induction shows common regulatory proteins; hence, a search for matches in non-coding DNA sequences would not be expected to be fruitful. Indeed, alignments of non-coding DNA sequences do not reveal significant matches even between @entity1 @entity49868 gene clusters, which diverged approximately 450 million years ago and are still expressed in a coordinated and balanced manner. They are in very different genomic contexts that show pronounced differences in regulatory mechanisms. The alpha-globin gene is in constitutively active chromatin and is encompassed by a CpG island, which is a dominant determinant of its regulation, whereas the beta-globin gene is in A+T-rich genomic DNA. Non-coding sequence matches are not seen between avian and @entity1 beta-globin gene clusters, which diverged approximately 250 million years ago, despite the fact that regulation of both gene clusters requires tissue-specific activation of a chromatin domain regulated by a locus control region. The cis-regulatory sequences needed for domain opening and enhancement do show common binding sites for transcription factors. In contrast, alignments of non-coding sequences from species representing multiple eutherian @entity1 orders, some of which diverged as long as 135 million years ago, are reliable predictors of novel cis-regulatory elements, both proximal and distal to the genes. Examples include a potential target for the hematopoietic transcription factor @entity18283 .

title: Hemoglobins from bacteria to XXXX : evolution of different patterns of gene expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The functional potential of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of @entity2247 ( @entity2247 .) in May, July, and August and cultivated on nutrient-rich substrate (1/10 TSBA) and nutrient-poor substrate (cold soil extract agar) was determined. There was no significant difference in numbers of CFU when counted on nutrient rich or poor substrate. Bacterial numbers increased approximately 3-fold in the rhizosphere soil from May to August but was unchanged in bulk soil over the same period. A total of 4474 randomly isolated bacteria were screened for enzymatic activities involved in @entity505 turnover (amylase, cellulase, mannanase, xylanase, and @entity56002 ), @entity1568 turnover (protease, @entity1507 and @entity3542 reductase), and @entity1391 turnover (phosphatase). In the rhizosphere soil, bacteria carrying C and P turnover enzymes were not stimulated by the growing plant whereas protease and @entity1507 and @entity3542 reductase were stimulated by the growing plant. No changes were observed in the bulk soil. Two taxonomic groups were followed: Cytophaga-like bacteria (CLB) and fluorescent pseudomonads, the latter being abundant in the rhizosphere and important contributors to the cycling of organic matter in soil. Unexpectedly in the spring samples, CLB were around 25% of all bacteria isolated, whereas fluorescent pseudomonads made up less than 10%. The relative proportion of these bacterial groups then decreased during the plant growth season but at all times showing a clear rhizosphere effect. Furthermore, up to 70% of the isolates carrying enzymes involved in the turnover of @entity505 , in the May sample, were identified as CLB, indicating the importance of this group in early colonization of the rhizosphere. The fluorescent pseudomonad group contributed less than 3%.

title: Contribution of cytophaga-like bacteria to the potential of turnover of @entity505 , @entity1568 , and phosphorus by bacteria in the rhizosphere of XXXX ( @entity2247 .).

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Species') :: ['barley', 'Hordeum vulgare L']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: AIM: We retrospectively reviewed the treatment outcomes of @entity1205 plus @entity617 chemotherapy in Korean @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: This Study included 106 consecutive Korean @entity1 with @entity263 who were treated with a 3-weekly regimen of @entity1205 plus @entity617 chemotherapy between 2005 and 2011. The oncologic results and treatment-related adverse events were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 66 years. Of the 106 @entity1 , 70 (66.0%) received @entity1205 as the first-line chemotherapy. A 50% reduction in @entity1486 and objective response in measurable lesion were observed in 45 (48.9%) and 14 (17.9%) @entity1 respectively. Fifteen (14.4%) @entity1 experienced grade 3 or higher @entity221 . One @entity1 had a treatment-related @entity204 . median follow-up time was 26.5 months. The median progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 6.0 and 16.0 months respectively. Of several factors examined, multivariate analysis Identified good performance status and first-line setting predict longer OS. The median OS of the @entity1 in the first- and second-line setting was 23.0 versus 11.0 months (Hazard ratio 2.485, 95% confidence interval 1.558-3.966, P < 0.001). The survival rates in the first-line at 12 and 24 months were 73.8% and 47.2% respectively. CONCLUSION: Korean castration-resistant @entity263 @entity1 that receive @entity1205 chemotherapy have a relatively longer survival outcome compared with western countries in the first-line setting. In addition, good performance status and first-line setting predicts longer survival. A prospective study including genetic background associated with the prognosis of @entity263 @entity1 might be required.

title: Treatment outcome of XXXX plus @entity617 for @entity263 in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'mCRPC', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']