abstract: Studies of @entity53 and @entity440 actions to modulate the actions of thyroid hormone ( @entity1954 , T3) in the @entity35 have shown that a subset of @entity172 responses require T3 for expression. Also, @entity440 acts as a partial agonist in @entity172 responses that are T3 independent, but acts as a full @entity172 agonist in T3-dependent responses. This study examined whether the differing behavior of @entity440 (a @entity42332 antiestrogen) in T3-independent and T3-dependent @entity172 responses would be shared with @entity1299 , a steroidal antiestrogen. An ovariectomized-thyroidectomized @entity35 model was used. Drug vehicle, @entity440 alone (0.4 mg/kg), @entity1299 alone (2 mg/kg) or @entity440 plus @entity1299 were given for 3 weeks to ovariectomized-thyroidectomized @entity35 with or without T3 replacement (10 microg/kg). T3-independent @entity172 responses measured were the induction of uterine growth and induction of pituitary growth hormone (GH) in the absence of T3. T3-dependent @entity172 responses measured were antagonism of T3-evoked increases in pituitary GH, body weight, tibia length and hepatic malic enzyme, and increases in serum @entity1674 . @entity440 acted as a partial agonist in T3-independent @entity172 responses, whereas @entity1299 acted as a potent pure antagonist in such responses; it lacked agonist efficacy and totally blocked @entity440 effects. In T3-dependent @entity172 responses, @entity440 acted as a full @entity172 agonist. @entity1299 acted as a weak agonist in some T3-dependent responses and lacked agonist efficacy in others. Moreover, @entity1299 had poor efficacy in blocking @entity440 actions in T3-dependent responses. The results indicate that @entity1299 , like @entity440 , displays a duality in its pharmacological behavior which pivots on the T3 dependence of the @entity172 response.

title: @entity440 and @entity1299 interactions with thyroid hormone in the ovariectomized-thyroidectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity42332 :: ('MESH:C037749', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenylethylene']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During maximal @entity450 , capillaries provide the greatest resistance to flow. A major determinant of capillary resistance is viscosity. We, therefore, hypothesized that abnormal @entity301 ( @entity301 ) reserve observed during @entity407 is secondary to increased blood viscosity and not abnormal coronary vasomotion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Maximal @entity450 was induced in 9 @entity235 using @entity859 . Serum @entity412 levels were increased by incremental doses of Intralipid. A good correlation was noted between serum @entity412 levels and blood viscosity (r=0.82). Neither total coronary blood volume nor myocardial blood volume changed with increasing serum @entity412 levels, indicating lack of vasomotion. Myocardial vascular resistance (MVR) increased with increasing @entity412 levels (r=0.84), while hyperemic @entity296 ( @entity296 ) decreased (r=-0.64). The decrease in hyperemic @entity296 was associated with a decrease in blood velocity (r=-0.56). These findings were confirmed with direct intravital microscopic observations in the @entity19 cremaster muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing lipid levels in a fully dilated normal coronary bed causes no change in large or small vessel dimensions. Instead, the @entity101 causes capillary resistance to rise, which attenuates hyperemic @entity301 . Therefore, the abnormal @entity301 reserve associated with @entity407 is due to increase blood viscosity and not abnormal vascular function.

title: Decrease in @entity301 reserve during @entity407 is secondary to an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MBF', 'myocardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in blood viscosity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CBF', 'coronary blood flow']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['increase in blood viscosity']


abstract: The optimal post-remission therapy for @entity1 with @entity3052 remains controversial. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and consolidation chemotherapy are the major options. In order to evaluate their respective value the European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation conducted a prospective registration study. @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3052 were registered at the time of HLA-typing and intention to treat in case of presence or absence of an HLA-identical donor was recorded. 27/79 (34%) @entity1 HLA-typed at diagnosis had an identical donor identified. The estimated survivals at 3 years from HLA-typing were 44% and 21% among @entity1 with or without HLA-identical donor, respectively (P = 0.02). 22/26 (85%) @entity1 for whom allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was intended were transplanted but only 15/47 (32%) @entity1 for whom autologous bone marrow transplantation was intended were indeed transplanted (P < 0.001). The survival was 50%, 29% and 17% (P = 0.004) for @entity1 treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, autologous bone marrow transplantation, or chemotherapy, respectively. 40/68 @entity1 HLA-typed in first complete remission had an HLA-identical donor. The estimated 3-year survival among @entity1 typed in first remission with and without HLA-identical donors was 42% and 35% (n.s.), respectively. This technique of early @entity1 registration illustrates the problems of @entity1 selection during the course of the disease and might be used as a complement to randomized trials when comparing bone marrow transplantation and other treatment options.

title: Bone marrow transplantation for XXXX : an EBMT Leukaemia Working Party prospective analysis from HLA-typing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukaemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloblastic leukaemia']


abstract: The integrity of cerebral microvessels requires the close apposition of the endothelium to the astrocyte endfeet. Integrins alpha1beta1 and alpha6beta4 are cellular matrix receptors that may contribute to cerebral microvascular integrity. It has been hypothesized that focal @entity63 alters integrin expression in a characteristic time-dependent manner consistent with @entity528 . The effects of @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and various periods of reperfusion on microvasclar integrin alpha1beta1 and alpha6beta4 expression were examined in the basal ganglia of 17 primates. @entity55732 colocalized with the endothelial cell antigen @entity2279 in nonischemic microvessels and with glial fibrillary acidic protein on astrocyte fibers. Rapid, simultaneous, and significant disappearance of both @entity10503 and @entity8652 subunits and integrin alpha6beta4 occurred by 2 hours @entity2500 , which was greatest in the region of @entity528 ( @entity63 core, Ic), and progressively less in the peripheral (Ip) and nonischemic regions (N). Transcription of subunit @entity8652 mRNA on microvessels increased significantly in the Ic/Ip border and in multiple circular subregions within Ic. Microvascular integrin alpha1beta1 and integrin alpha6beta4 expression are rapidly and coordinately lost in Ic after @entity2500 . With loss of integrin alpha1beta1, multiple regions of microvascular @entity8652 mRNA up-regulation within Ic suggest that microvessel responses to focal @entity63 are dynamic, and that multiple cores, not a single core, are generated. These changes imply that microvascular integrity is modified in a heterogeneous, but ordered pattern.

title: Rapid loss of microvascular integrin expression during focal brain ischemia reflects XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity55732 :: ('3672;3688', 'Gene') :: ['Integrin subunits alpha1 and beta1']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron injury']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuron injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Crude extracts of Boophone disticha are used in Southern African traditional medical practice for the management of various illnesses and conditions and have also been abused for their claimed euphoric and hallucinogenic effects. Unfortunately, ingestion of Boophone disticha has resulted in @entity137 and @entity204 . The results of a recent acute @entity137 study in a @entity35 model insinuated that central nervous system (CNS) @entity750 overdrive could be the cause of @entity137 in B. disticha @entity4968 . The present work sought to test that hypothesis by investigating whether pre-treatment of B. disticha poisoned BALB/c @entity19 with the CNS acting @entity750 antagonist, @entity7782 , has a dose-dependent protective effect on @entity137 and mortality. METHODS: A hydroethanolic extract of B. disticha was used in all the experiments. Five groups each with 10 animals were constituted as follows; a negative control group (received 10 ml/kg Normal Saline), a positive control group (received 375 mg/kg of the B. disticha extract), and three test groups each receiving 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg @entity7782 intraperitoneally 15 minutes before oral gavage administration of 375 mg/kg B. disticha extract respectively. The Functional Observational Battery was used to evaluate neurobehavioral and physiological changes resulting from @entity137 of the plant extract. The @entity19 were then placed in an open field for another five minutes and the number of rearings and border crossings were counted and recorded. @entity854 , @entity910 , mobility, arousal and stereotypical behavior were also scored according to predefined criteria. All open field investigations were recorded electronically using a LABTEC Webcam(  ) and results were later analysed and recorded by one of the group members. All results were entered on data collection forms. Time to @entity204 (survival time) was considered as the time period from dosage with Boophone disticha to time of @entity204 . The study follow up period was 7 days and those @entity19 that were alive at the end of the 7 day follow-up period were considered as having survived the @entity4968 episode. The Kaplan Meier plot and Log-rank test were used to compare differences in mortality and median time to @entity204 for @entity19 in the 5 treatment groups. RESULTS: We found that @entity7782 pre-treatment led to a dose-dependent decrease in mortality from 80% in the group not pre-treated with @entity7782 , to 30% in the 15 and 20 mg/kg @entity7782 pre-treated groups (n = 10 per group, p < 0.05). There was also a dose-dependent increase in median survival times amongst the groups (p < 0.0001). Pre-treatment with @entity7782 also resulted in a decrease of other toxic symptoms associated with Boophone disticha. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity7782 has a dose-dependent protective effect on mortality and @entity137 produced by exposure to Boophone disticha in our @entity19 model of @entity137 .

title: Pre-treatment of BALB/c @entity19 with a centrally acting @entity750 antagonist ( XXXX ) reduces mortality from Boophone disticha @entity4968 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7782 :: ('MESH:D003533', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproheptadine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary motor movements']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Gait abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity7782 :: (MESH:D003533,Chemical) :: ['cyproheptadine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Fibrinolytic agents are effective in the treatment of acute @entity385 . However, logistic and clinical factors limit their use. Neuroprotective drugs pose less risks and can be used even before performance of computed tomography of the brain as they are not detrimental in @entity64 . These aspects, in theory, will allow the use of neuroprotective drugs in larger number of @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of a neuroprotection protocol and the potential usefulness of @entity6624 in acute @entity385 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty seven @entity1 admitted with a clinical diagnosis of acute @entity385 (later confirmed with computed tomography) received, within 12 hours of onset of symptoms, @entity6624 500 mg intravenously in a single bolus daily for 7 days. Neurological outcome in this group was compared with a group of 37 @entity1 admitted during the 6 month period before the initiation of the trial and not treated with @entity6624 . Groups were matched by National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) on admission. RESULTS: @entity1 treated with @entity6624 (aged 69+/-14 years) improved on their NIHSS from admission (5.7+/-4.2) to discharge (4.7+/-4.5), p= 0.015. The control group (aged 60+/-17 years) did not change between admission (5.7+/-4.3) and discharge (5.2+/-3.5), ns. @entity1 treated within 6 hours of admission (n= 12) had more substantial improvement, from 5.4+/-2.3 on admission to 3.9+/-2.9 at discharge, p= 0.008. There were no differences in vascular risk factor profile between the groups. @entity6624 was well tolerated in every subject. CONCLUSIONS: A protocol of @entity64 management using neuroprotective agents presents clear logistic advantages allowing the inclusion of larger number of @entity1 . @entity6624 appears as a safe and potentially effective option.

title: [Neuroprotection in acute XXXX . Practicability of guidelines for treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6624 :: ('MESH:D003566', 'Chemical') :: ['Citicoline', 'citicoline']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke', 'acute stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Deceased donor kidney transplantation in long-term dialysis @entity1 in Japan has been increasing because of a severe lack of donors. Parathyroid glands of long-term dialysis @entity1 often show qualitative morphological changes from @entity4383 . Only a few studies have reported the clinicopathological analysis of persistent @entity2742 after kidney transplantation in long-term (>10 years) dialysis @entity1 . This study on consecutive deceased donor kidney transplantation performed from 2002 to 2010 measured biochemical parameters related to @entity79 and examined parathyroid tissues in parathyroidectomy cases. Thirty-four subjects (22 males; mean age, 53.8        7.9 years; mean dialysis period, 14.4        4.3 years) were enrolled. Multivariate analysis of potential predictors for the @entity2741 group at 12 months after transplantation showed that pre-transplantation and early post-transplantation @entity460 and parathyroid hormone levels were significant determinants. Pathological examination showed that a number of glands showed @entity4383 , even in small glands weighing   <   100   mg. In long-term dialysis @entity1 , @entity2742 and @entity2741 developed at an early stage after transplantation and persisted for a long period (>4 years), with @entity4383 being found even in low-weight parathyroid glands. Pre-transplant high @entity460 and parathyroid hormone levels were the predictors for the prolonged @entity2741 . Persistent @entity2742 was considered to be caused by remaining @entity4383 , even if the glands were small. Although the best treatment option is to perform a parathyroidectomy in the waiting period before transplantation, we suggest that it be performed in cases with prolonged @entity2741 of >6 months after transplantation.

title: Clinicopathological analysis of persistent XXXX and @entity2742 after kidney transplantation in long-term dialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and mineral disorders']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular hyperplasia', 'diffuse to nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity2741 :: (MESH:D006934,Disease) :: ['hypercalcemia']


abstract: Considering that in gynecologic @entity189 cells and cellular @entity5 parts can be left in the abdominal space leading to an increased growth of recurrences due to a change in the cell-kinetic situation, 19 @entity1 with advanced gynecologic @entity5 were treated locally with 15 mg @entity1138 or 30 mg (40 mg) @entity2664 dissolved in 1000 mg saline before the operation was completed. The course of disease after intraoperative, intraperitoneal chemotherapy given in addition to the usual chemo- or radiotherapeutic regimen was as follows: in 14 @entity1 assessed up to now, a NED state was achieved 4 times, while there was a partial remission in 2 cases and a SD situation in one. In two @entity1 there was progression. In the group with recurrent treatment (5 @entity1 ), a further progressive course was observed in 4 @entity1 . In one case there was a partial remission. With @entity2664 serum levels between in 10-60 ng/ml, two subilium situations and postoperative @entity390 were noticed as side-effects. Among the changes noted in the chemical laboratory, there was one @entity1431 grade IV and five @entity1431 as well as various intermittent alterations of the liver values and electrocytes. One case of wound healing disturbances with prolapsed small intestine convolution in the wound area was observed in the @entity5 growth developing in the abdominal wall. The side-effects of the intraoperative and intraperitoneal therapy with cytostatics were generally acceptable. Given the observed courses of the disease, a continuation of the intraperitoneal therapy form aimed against postoperative residual and aggressively growing @entity5 cells would appear to be justifiable.

title: Intraoperative, intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced gynecological XXXX . A report on the acceptability of a new therapeutic regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia', 'grade III-leukopenias']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: We report a rare case of @entity4550 occurring secondary to a @entity281 followed by therapeutic (orthodontic) extraction. A 16  year old female @entity1 presented to the dental office with a left orbital @entity5768 for the @entity7873  days. PNS view, CT scan revealed an abscess in relation to medial, lateral superior inferior walls of the orbit associated with naso ethmoidal and left maxillary sinus. Through nasal endoscopy, middle meatus antrostomy and ethmoidectomy was performed for the drainage of pus from the orbit, ethmoid and maxillary sinus under general anesthesia. Immediately regression of orbital swelling was noticed. Eyeball movements improved. @entity9467 and @entity5768 declined. With the advent of higher antibiotics, @entity2694 rarely occurs secondary to dental causes except in a very few cases. Complete elimination of pus from orbital cavity, para nasal air sinuses and appropriate antibiotic coverage at the earliest forms the mainstay of treatment. The nasal endoscopic approach with orbital decompression is the most acceptable atrumatic, cosmetic and functional procedure.

title: A rare case of XXXX followed by therapeutic(orthodontic) extraction.

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['Epiphora reduced']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dental infection']

entities_list: @entity4550 :: ('MESH:D054517', 'Disease') :: ['orbital cellulitis']

answer: @entity4550 :: (MESH:D054517,Disease) :: ['orbital cellulitis']


abstract: As a result of the St Vincent declaration, a Belgian "task force" was installed in 1992 and consequently 16 working groups were formed. They presented their objectives in 1995. The working group "prevention and treatment of @entity2316 " started the implementation of a screening program to obtain an overview of the presentation of @entity2316 , the amputation rate and the prevalence of @entity1 with a foot at risk. This study reports the results from 43 out of 73 Flemish @entity6 centres. 1653 @entity1 were enrolled in this study (53% @entity1 , 47% @entity1 , median age 61). 34.6% were type 1 and, 65.4% type 2. One or more arterial pedal pulses were absent in 28%, 30.5% had an abnormal monofilament test, 35% @entity272 and 28% @entity600 . Still 19% smoked, 15.8% had visual problems and 11% had already developed an @entity1066 previously. @entity1066 were reported in 8.7% of which almost 2/3 belonged to Wagner class I. 69 (3.87%) of the @entity1 had had amputations. According to the four-risk categories-scale 46.3% of the @entity1 belonged to the highest one; @entity1095 , previous amputations, previous @entity1066 , and @entity13144 . In our region we didn't have previous data on the prevalence and morbidity of the amputation rate with @entity6 @entity1 . We observed 3.87% amputations, which is rather high in comparison with international data (0.44% - 2.4%). The general follow-up of @entity6 can be organised in co-operation with other care providers. A national program therefore is going to start in the next months. We all have to be aware of the size of the problem to offer the best possible prevention. As we have seen, the use of inlay soles and podiatrist-made ortheses for example is very low. We hope that all care providers will participate in this important project, so that they will acquire a specific attitude towards these @entity1 . In daily clinical practice there are some key-roles to be respected by all health care providers. In our opinion the next are of the utmost importance: take off your @entity6 @entity1 's shoes when they visit you; give specific education if your @entity1 has a foot at risk; if an @entity1066 is present, carefully follow-up is mandatory and if no good evolution of the @entity1066 is seen, an early referral to a @entity6 foot clinic is obvious. Together we can lower down the amputation rate of @entity2316 . And that would be a marvelous implementation of the St Vincent declaration in Belgium.

title: The XXXX Foot Project of Flanders, the northern part of Belgium: implementation of the St Vincent consensus. Sensibilisation and registration in @entity6 centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic foot problems']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'Ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity13144 :: ('MESH:D001177', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot joints']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic']


abstract: A hypothesis of selective predisposition for @entity24497 and @entity148 has been tested in a prospective study. The primary material for the investigation consisted of 4,000 city inhabitants who had registered a private car. Almost all of these could be invited to a group investigation by questionnaire in the autumn of 1959. Out of those invited, 83% participated, and out of these, 3,019 were males (the secondary material). Six years later, the registers of public psychiatric out- and in- @entity1 units in the city were examined as to the appearance in 1960 or later of the @entity1 in the secondary material. One hundred and fourteen of these @entity1 were found in the registers. For each of these @entity1 ten controls, matched for age, were chosen from the rest of the secondary material. Thirty-seven of the @entity1 had had a @entity308 and 17 a @entity24497 as the main diagnosis, and 17 had an @entity148 state as the main or secondary diagnosis. As independent factors were chosen the Sj  bring personality factors sub-validity (psychasthenic traits), @entity249 (hysteroid habitual attitude), as well as subclinical phenomena related to the neurasthenic, @entity308 . It was not possible to show a specific predisposing power of the background factors investigated. Psychasthenic premorbid personality, however, was significantly related to @entity308 , and also showed a strong tendency to an association with @entity24497 and @entity148 .

title: Predisposition for mental syndromes: A study comparing predisposition for @entity308 , @entity24497 and XXXX state.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['sub-stability (syntonia) and sub-solidity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive and anxiety syndromes']

entities_list: @entity24497 :: ('MESH:D009440', 'Disease') :: ['drepression, neurasthenic syndrome', 'neurasthenic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety states', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Duplication or expansion of directly repeated sequence elements is associated with a number of @entity1 @entity74 . To study the mechanisms of repeat expansion, we have developed a plasmid assay in @entity526 . Our assay involves two simple repeats of 787 bp in length; expansion to three or more copies of the repeat can be selected by restoration of an intact @entity803 -resistance gene. Expansions occurred at relatively high rates, >10(-5), in the population. Both RecA-dependent recombination and RecA-independent slipped misalignments contributed to the observed expansion events. Mutations that impair DNA polymerase III (DnaE, DnaQ subunits) or the replication fork helicase, DnaB, stimulated both RecA-dependent and RecA-independent expansion events. In these respects, the properties of repeat expansion resemble repeat deletion and suggest that difficulties in DNA replication may trigger both classes of rearrangements. About 20% of the RecA-independent expansion events are accompanied by reciprocal sister-chromosome exchange, producing dimeric plasmids carrying one triplicated and one deleted locus. These products are explained by a model involving misaligned strands across the replication fork. This model predicts that the location of a replication stall site may govern the types of resulting rearrangements. The specific location of such a stall site can also, in theory, account for propensity towards expansion or deletion of repeat arrays. This may have relevance to trinucleotide repeat expansion in @entity1 @entity74 .

title: Expansion of DNA repeats in XXXX : effects of recombination and replication functions.

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases', 'genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concerns have been raised that @entity440 may be associated with @entity308 . To investigate this question, we examined the psychological effects of @entity440 treatment for @entity0 prevention on @entity1 at different levels of risk for clinical @entity308 who were enrolled in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project's @entity0 Prevention ( @entity3881 ) Study. METHODS: A total of 11 064 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive for 5 years daily doses of 20 mg of @entity440 or placebo in the @entity3881 study, a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled chemoprevention trial. Each @entity1 was prospectively assessed for @entity308 risk on the basis of medical history items collected at the baseline examination and placed in a high-, medium-, or low-risk group. Every 6 months, for a total of 36 months, the @entity1 were assessed for @entity308 symptoms by completing the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) questionnaire. Scores of 16 or higher were indicative of an episode of affective distress. Differences between the risk groups and treatment arms were analyzed by logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: @entity1 in the higher risk @entity308 groups were more likely to score 16 or higher on the CES-D (percent follow-up examinations with a score of > or = 16: high-risk group = 35.7%, with 95% confidence interval [CI] = 32.5% to 38.9%; medium-risk group = 19.2%, with 95% CI = 18.1% to 20.3%; and low-risk group = 8.7%, with 95% CI = 8.3 to 9.1%) and to have these scores more frequently and for longer periods than @entity1 in the lower risk groups. Within each @entity308 risk group, there was no difference in the proportion of @entity1 scoring 16 or higher by treatment assignment ( @entity440 versus placebo) (odds ratio = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.02). A post-hoc analysis indicated that the lack of a @entity440 effect was not a result of differential missing data. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians need not be overly concerned that treatment with @entity440 will increase the risk for or exacerbate existing @entity308 in @entity1 . Nevertheless, physicians should continue to screen for and treat or refer potential cases of @entity308 encountered in routine clinical practice.

title: @entity440 and XXXX : more evidence from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project's @entity0 Prevention ( @entity3881 ) Randomized Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The inflammatory response in endogenous @entity1596 or after anterior segment surgery was noted to be substantially greater in heavily pigmented eyes. Because varying amounts of melanin are released into the anterior chamber after @entity32 , it was hypothesized that a proinflammatory effect of melanin might account for the enhanced inflammatory response in these eyes. To test this hypothesis, albino (BALB/c) or pigmented (C57BL/6) @entity19 were challenged in the anterior chamber 2 weeks after a subcutaneous foot pad injection of horse serum or conalbumin dissolved in Freund's complete adjuvant. The degree of @entity32 in the challenged eyes was determined by histologic examination 72 hr after the challenge. In all cases, the inflammatory infiltrate consisted mainly of polymorphonuclear leukocytes suggestive of an @entity8753 . An anterior chamber challenge of horse serum-sensitized BALB/c or C57BL/6 @entity19 with horse serum alone resulted in mild @entity32 , which was augmented markedly by challenge with a combination of horse serum and melanin. The presence of melanin in the anterior chamber similarly increased the inflammatory response of conalbumin-sensitized @entity19 to anterior chamber challenge with conalbumin. Melanin in the anterior chamber also significantly (P less than 0.05) augmented the inflammatory response of conalbumin-sensitized @entity19 to a horse serum challenge, but it did not significantly augment the inflammatory response of horse serum-sensitized @entity19 to a conalbumin challenge. The heterologous antigens induced minimal @entity32 in the absence of melanin. Injection of melanin alone did not evoke an inflammatory response. Ocular challenge with melanin alone or in combination with antigen induced minimal @entity32 in nonsensitized @entity19 . However, preincubation of melanin with sera from horse serum-sensitized @entity19 significantly increased its proinflammatory capacity when injected with horse serum into the anterior chamber of nonsensitized @entity19 . In vitro binding studies using @entity2822 -conjugated @entity19 immunoglobulin G showed a high binding capacity of melanin for immunoglobulin G. It was concluded that the presence of free melanin in the anterior chamber can @entity32 . Although the mechanism(s) by which melanin augments @entity32 has not been defined, these data suggest that the binding of serum components (such as antibodies) to melanin may contribute to its proinflammatory effect.

title: Augmentation of XXXX by melanin.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation', 'inflammation', 'increase intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity8753 :: ('MESH:D001183', 'Disease') :: ['Arthus reaction']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['intraocular inflammation']


abstract: @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) are still serious medical problem. Classical procedure requires two cavities approach and implantation of vascular prosthetic in the place of @entity439 --Crawford's procedure. Significant progress was made during last years by using endovascular procedures (stentgrafts). Alternative is hybrid procedure--prosthetic appliance of @entity8 and then stentgraft implantation in whole thoracic-abdominal aorta. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was comparative analysis of classical and hybrid procedures in @entity439 treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1989-2011 in Department of Vascular, General and Transplantological Surgery Medical University in Wroc  aw and Surgical Department of 4th Military Clinical Hospital in Wroc  aw 53 @entity1 were operated due to @entity2334 . Classical Crawford's procedure was performed in 41 @entity1 (group I) and hybrid procedure was performed in 12 @entity1 (group II). Additionally 7 @entity1 required aortic arc branches reconstruction due to achieve optimal conditions to stentgraft amplantation. Procedures were performed at one or two stages. RESULTS: Mortality in @entity1 treated classically (group I) depended on type of @entity439 in Crawford's classification. In type I-II mortality rate was 54% ((7 deaths/12 @entity1 ), in type III do V 17% (5 deaths/ 29 @entity1 ). In the group after hybrid procedure (group II) mortality rate was 28% (2 deaths/ 7 @entity1 ) in type I-II and 20% (1 death/5 @entity1 ) in type III to V. Observed serious perioperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Endovascular procedures development enabled introducing of new methods in @entity2334 treatment (hybrid procedures) and allowed to get better results. 2. Clear advantage of hybrid procedures above classical Crawford's procedure is observed in type I and II of @entity2334 . 3. Mortality and morbidity rates recommend hybrid procedure in type I and II of @entity2334 . 4. Surgical results of classical and hybrid procedures in type III-V @entity2334 treatment are comparative, with indication on classical approach.

title: Rusults of classical crawford and hybrid operations in XXXX treatment--comparative assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['TAAA', 'Thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic-abdominal aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['visceral and kidney arteries']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['thoracic-abdominal aorta aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether there is inherent @entity940 in @entity1 with Fuchs' @entity5502 (FHI). @entity1 AND METHODS: A case-controlled study of 48 @entity1 with unilateral FHI was conducted. These @entity1 had no history of previous surgery or previous diagnosis of @entity726 or @entity231 . The controls were the fellow eyes of the @entity1 , and the cases were the FHI eyes. All eyes were refracted, and the results were analyzed with descriptive and parametric statistics. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 and 27 @entity1 were studied. The mean age was 39.5 years. The mean keratometric value for the @entity940 in the FHI eye was 2.2 diopters (D) (standard deviation +/-1.19) and 0.96 D (+/- 0.64) in the controls (p= 0.000). Refractive @entity940 was 1.44 D (+/-1.45) in FHI eyes and 0.38 D (+/-0.62) in the controls (p= 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with unilateral FHI have inherent @entity940 in the disease eye.

title: XXXX associated with Fuchs' @entity5502 .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism', 'corneal astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['heterochromic iridocyclitis']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['Astigmatism']


abstract: We report six previously healthy @entity1 who several days after a prodromal illness had an acute @entity75 that @entity5856 a biphasic course. It appears to constitute a recognizable syndrome with a good prognosis that can be differentiated from other @entity75 of obscure origin as previously defined by Lyon et al. The active phase was dominated by @entity772 or @entity911 and by @entity910 , including disordered gesticulation and attacks of @entity910 or limb @entity3519 associated with permanent @entity2003 and culminating in opisthotonic posturing. Repeated @entity410 were observed in only two @entity1 . Permanent slow waves were recorded on the electroencephalogram in all @entity1 , even during bursts of @entity910 . Cerebrospinal fluid and results of serologic studies were normal throughout the course of the disease, and attempts at viral isolation and antiviral antibody detection yielded negative results. Brain imaging either showed no abnormalities or suggested a moderate degree of @entity2657 . The recovery phase, which extended for several weeks, was characterized by a rapid return of motor function and persistent @entity73 . Nonverbal reasoning recovered long before verbal expression returned to normal. Four @entity1 eventually recovered fully, whereas two had mild sequelae.

title: @entity772 associated with intense bursts of @entity910 and @entity73 : an acute XXXX of obscure origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and cognitive disturbances']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial dyskinesia', 'abnormal movements']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Greater Green Triangle @entity6 prevention program was conducted in primary health care setting of Victoria and South Australia in 2004-2006. This program demonstrated significant reductions in @entity6 risk factors which were largely sustained at 18 month follow-up. The theoretical model utilised in this program achieved its outcomes through improvements in coping self-efficacy and planning. Previous evaluations have concentrated on the behavioural components of the intervention. Other variables external to the main research design may have contributed to the success factors but have yet to be identified. The objective of this evaluation was to identify the extent to which @entity1 in a @entity6 prevention program sustained lifestyle changes several years after completing the program and to identify contextual factors that contributed to sustaining changes. METHODS: A qualitative evaluation was conducted. Five focus groups were held with @entity1 who had completed a @entity6 prevention program, several years later to assess the degree to which they had sustained program strategies and to identify contributing factors. RESULTS: @entity1 value the recruitment strategy. Involvement in their own risk assessment was a strong motivator. Learning new skills gave @entity1 a sense of empowerment. Receiving regular pathology reports was a means of self-assessment and a motivator to continue. Strong family and community support contributed to personal motivation and sustained practice. CONCLUSIONS: Family and local community supports constitute the contextual variables reported to contribute to sustained motivation after the program was completed. Behaviour modification programs can incorporate strategies to ensure these factors are recognised and if necessary, strengthened at the local level.

title: Sustaining modified behaviours learnt in a XXXX prevention program in regional Australia: the role of social context.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) in the @entity35 leads to chronic stimulation of the @entity2339 and the loss of its diurnal rhythmicity. We have investigated the effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) and different levels of @entity2819 replacement upon plasma ACTH levels and anterior pituitary @entity9210 ( @entity9210 ), GH and @entity3695 mRNAs during the development of @entity1753 . In control ADX animals, we observed the negative feedback effects of exogenous @entity2819 on plasma ACTH and anterior pituitary @entity9210 mRNA. In the ADX animal with @entity1753 , however, the increased @entity9210 mRNA which was observed was not reduced by exogenous @entity2819 on day 7 of @entity1753 , although the negative feedback effect of @entity2819 on plasma ACTH was intact. On day 14, however, even high dose @entity2819 replacement failed to have a significant feedback effect on the raised levels of plasma ACTH. In control ADX animals, @entity2819 replacement resulted in increased anterior pituitary GH mRNA and reduced @entity3695 mRNA. In contrast, in ADX animals with @entity1753 , GH mRNA was reduced and there was a further decrease in @entity3695 mRNA. In these animals, @entity2819 replacement did not affect GH or @entity3695 mRNA expression. These data demonstrate a disruption of the normal mechanisms underlying feedback inhibition of the @entity2339 by glucocorticoids during @entity1753 . Similarly, the glucocorticoid-dependent regulation of GH and @entity3695 mRNA expression is altered in @entity1753 .

title: Glucocorticoid-mediated responses of plasma ACTH and anterior pituitary XXXX , growth hormone and @entity3695 mRNAs during adjuvant-induced arthritis in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'Adjuvant arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity9210 :: (24664(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['pro-opiomelanocortin']


abstract: We compared the effects of controlled-release and immediate-release @entity1286 preparations in adult @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity5 and report methodologic approaches to @entity158 evaluation. The study consisted of a two-phase randomized crossover trial preceded by a titration phase; all phases were conducted under double-blind conditions. To evaluate @entity158 intensity, a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Present @entity158 Intensity scale of the McGill @entity158 Questionnaire were used. Additional @entity1286 solution for @entity158 was used as an outcome measure. @entity158 was evaluated nine times daily, which permitted correlation of @entity158 scores with the pharmacokinetic patterns of the test drugs. Side effects were rated once daily, using a scale from 0 to 3. To assess the relative importance of side effects, a @entity137 index was designed based on both the intensity and duration of each side effect. The overall VAS @entity158 scores during treatment with controlled-release and immediate-release @entity1286 were 1.3 (SD = 0.1) and 1.4 (SD = 0.2), respectively. Use of supplemental @entity1286 solution for @entity158 expressed as the percentage of the daily dose of the test drug was 5.5% for the controlled-release drug and 10.9% for the immediate-release drug. Differences in @entity158 scores, side effects, and supplemental @entity1286 requirement between the two groups were not significant. We discuss methodologic issues in double-blind clinical trials of analgesics, in particular the validity of " @entity1 Preference" as an outcome measure and problems related to the titration phase.

title: The evaluation of analgesic effects in @entity5 XXXX as exemplified by a double-blind, crossover study of immediate-release versus controlled-release @entity1286 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'breakthrough pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many physicians are not adhering to the recommendations found in evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Physicians who practise in tertiary care settings may show better adherence to guideline recommendations than physicians who practise in other settings. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between the practice setting of admission for @entity583 and discharge prescriptions for cardiac drugs recommended in evidence-based guidelines. @entity1 AND METHODS: Discharge prescription data from a prospective cohort of @entity1 with @entity583 admitted at five tertiary care (n=250) and five community hospitals (n=331) in Quebec from December 1996 to November 1998 were examined. RESULTS: The proportions of @entity1 who were prescribed recommended drugs at tertiary care hospitals compared with those at community hospitals were as follows: beta-blockers (78% versus 74%, respectively; 95% CI around the difference - 4% to 11%), lipid-lowering drugs (45% versus 39%, respectively; 95% CI - 2% to 15%) and @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors (44% versus 57%, respectively; 95% CI - 22% to - 5%). In adjusted analyses, practice setting was not associated with the prescription of beta-blockers (odds ratio [OR] for tertiary care 1.36; 95% CI 0.82 to 2.24) or lipid-lowering drugs (OR for tertiary care 1.06; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.68). However, tertiary care admission reduced the likelihood of @entity1289 inhibitor prescription (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.77). This association may have been due to the increased likelihood of @entity1289 inhibitor prescription for @entity1 with @entity101 at community hospitals (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.23 to 3.67). The results also showed that older @entity1 were less likely to be prescribed beta-blockers or lipid-lowering drugs, @entity1 were less likely to be prescribed beta-blockers and @entity1 with @entity6 were less likely to be prescribed lipid-lowering drugs (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.89). CONCLUSION: No strong association was found between the practice setting of admission for @entity583 and discharge prescriptions for cardiac drugs recommended in evidence-based guidelines. Prescription rates for recommended drugs were high, yet results suggest that there is room for improvement with regard to @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity1 and older @entity1 .

title: Discharge prescriptions following admission for XXXX at tertiary care and community hospitals in Quebec.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: In spite of the solid evidence that beta-blockade reduces mortality and morbidity in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) this therapy continues to be underused in clinical praxis. The reason for this may lie in scarcity of knowledge about the mechanisms of beta-blockade action. The major aim of this study was to investigate in vivo whether selective beta(1)-blockade may improve cardiac energy metabolism in @entity35 with @entity583 in early postinfarct @entity5707 phase. @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was induced in male @entity35 by ligation of the left coronary artery. Two different groups of @entity35 were studied, @entity35 with @entity583 treated with @entity1406 (5 mg/kg/h; n = 9) and @entity35 with @entity583 saline treated (n = 9). The treatment with @entity1406 was given by subcutaneously implanted minipumps and was initiated at 3 days postinfarct and during the period of 4 weeks. All @entity35 were investigated with noninvasive methods (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and transthoracic echocardiography 3 days after induction of @entity583 and 4 weeks later. @entity1734 / @entity855 ratio was normalized after the treatment with @entity1406 while it was 50% lower in the saline group (p < 0.001). In the @entity1406 group stroke volume and ejection fraction increased while deceleration time of mitral early filling was longer (all p < 0.05). Left ventricular weight as well as volumes and dimensions were similar between the groups. Plasma levels of @entity1063 (p = 0.058), adrenaline (p < 0.01) and brain natriuretic peptide (p = 0.09) were lower in the @entity1406 group. Selective beta(1)-blockade with high dose of @entity1406 initiated in the early postinfarct phase improves myocardial energy metabolism and function and prevents overactivation of sympathetic system. The beneficial effect on myocardial bioenergetics may be an important mode of action of beta-blockers which contributes to the clinical benefits of the therapy in @entity712 .

title: Selective beta(1)-blockade improves cardiac bioenergetics and function and decreases neuroendocrine activation in XXXX during early postinfarct @entity5707 .

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['remodeling']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The IF protein nestin and the @entity32408 musashi are expressed by neural progenitor cells during CNS development. Their expression in @entity5 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the histopathological scores correlated with levels of @entity462 cathepsins that are known prognostic markers in several @entity5 . METHODS: The levels of nestin, musashi, and cathepsins B and L were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of biopsies from 87 @entity1 with primary CNS @entity5 . To confirm the immunohistochemical data, nestin expression was analyzed by real-time PCR in 12 @entity1313 biopsies. The exact location of nestin-positive cells was determined by mapping the distribution of nestin in a highly invasive @entity1 @entity11 xenograft model. RESULTS: Immunostaining revealed nestin to be expressed in 95.8% and musashi in 80% of the @entity1 biopsies. The total IHC score for nestin was significantly higher in high- than in low-grade @entity5 (P < .0001). No difference was observed for musashi (P = .11). Real-time PCR of nestin expression confirmed the immunohistochemical data. Nestin expression was shown to be a strong prognostic marker for decreased overall survival (P = .0001), whereas musashi expression has no prognostic significance. Moreover, nestin was shown by Cox regression analysis to be a stronger prognostic marker than cathepsins B and L. IHC staining of nestin in a xenograft model showed that its expression is localized mainly in the invasive @entity5 cells at the @entity5 periphery. CONCLUSIONS: Nestin is shown to be a strong prognostic marker for @entity11 . The presented data links the invasive @entity11 cells to CNS precursor cells, indicating that the most malignant cells in the @entity11 may well be closely related to the @entity11 stem cells.

title: Neural stem cell markers, nestin and musashi proteins, in the progression of @entity1 XXXX : correlation of nestin with prognosis of @entity1 survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma malignancy', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity32408 :: ('27303', 'Gene') :: ['RNA-binding protein']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To further investigate mechanisms of isolated @entity2726 (ISP) in normal individuals, we experimentally elicited ISPs by facilitating sleep onset REM periods (SOREMP), a prerequisite of ISPs, and examined behavioral and psychological measurements relating to ISP appearances. DESIGN: The multi-phasic sleep/wake schedule (MPS) began at approximately midnight and ended when net sleep reached 7.5 hours. @entity1 were awakened after every 5 min of REM sleep to obtain a maximum number of SOREMPs. Upon each awakening, mentation reports and subjective measurements were collected. Performance tests were then assigned. SETTING: Sleep lab, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neurosciences, Japan. @entity1 : Thirteen healthy Japanese students (10 males) with high self-reported frequencies of ISPs but no other @entity2724 -related symptoms. INTERVENTIONS:                 <AbstractText Label="MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">From 184 sleep interruptions, 8 ISP episodes were obtained. In within @entity1 comparisons between episodes with and without ISPs, the vigilance task (VT) reaction times were elevated before SOREMPs with ISPs. In between analyses (ISP vs non-ISP), the ISP group showed poorer performance, more complaints of physical, mental, and @entity6004 , @entity1295 and increased stage 1 throughout the entire schedule. VT hit rates remained constant in the non-ISP group, but dropped in the later part of schedule in the ISP group. Subjective sleepiness dropped over time in the non-ISP group while it slightly increased in the ISP group. CONCLUSIONS: ISP is likely to appear as a phenotype of REM dissociation during SOREMP when @entity1 with low tolerance for disrupted sleep-wake rhythms are placed in this type of schedule.

title: Factors related to the occurrence of isolated XXXX elicited during a multi-phasic sleep-wake schedule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2726 :: ('MESH:D020188', 'Disease') :: ['sleep paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['increased subjective fatigue']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

answer: @entity2726 :: (MESH:D020188,Disease) :: ['sleep paralysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability to transfect a @entity19 pancreas with a @entity1 cytokine regulatory gene ( @entity688 [ @entity688 ]) and examine the duration of transgene expression, its effect on the normal pancreas, and its antiinflammatory effect during acute @entity788 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Interleukin-1beta and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha are known detrimental mediators during the progression of acute @entity788 , and blockade of either cytokine results in decreased severity of @entity788 and improved survival. Although gene therapy has been proposed as a method to deliver protein-based therapy during a number of conditions, no means of effectively transfecting the pancreas without inducing injury has been developed. METHODS: A plasmid- @entity1 @entity688 construct (pMP6- @entity688 ) complexed with cationic liposomes was administered by single intraperitoneal injection to healthy @entity19 . Effective transfection (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for @entity688 mRNA), transfected cell type (in situ polymerase chain reaction for @entity688 DNA), and the effect on the normal pancreas were determined. Additional animals were transfected to determine the effects of this regulatory gene on the severity of @entity788 . RESULTS: Nearly 80% of all pancreatic cells expressed @entity1 DNA that was subsequently transcribed into mRNA through day 14. The transfection event had no effect on amylase, lipase, or pancreatic histologic appearance. Successful transfection could attenuate subsequently induced @entity788 (all parameters p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Transient transfection of a @entity1 @entity688 gene can be accomplished into all cell types of @entity19 pancreata using a plasmid/ liposome vector. The DNA is effectively transcribed into intact mRNA and does not cause @entity32 or acinar cell damage. Transfer of this cytokine regulatory gene decreases the severity of @entity788 , demonstrating a benefit of gene therapy during this acute inflammatory process.

title: Transient XXXX gene therapy: a novel cytokine regulatory strategy for experimental @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8875 ( @entity8943 -) has concentration dependent antithyroid properties and a role in the etiology of @entity5651 has been suggested in several studies. In 1991 an epidemiological survey conducted in the region of Halle/Leipzig (Saxony), an area with significant air pollution, suggested an inverse relationship between urinary @entity1496 (I-)/ @entity8943 - excretion and @entity5651 prevalence. 10 years later, we reinvestigated the same industrial area to clarify if the situation has changed after the elimination of most industrial waste products and moreover, if @entity8943 - excretion levels alone or in combination with air pollution or smoking as a @entity8943 - source are critical for thyroid function. DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated a cohort of 708 probands for I-, @entity8943 - and @entity1011 excretion in spot urine samples and determined the prevalence of @entity5651 and thyroid nodules by high resolution ultrasonography. RESULTS: Probands with @entity5651 (n = 79, 11%) had significantly higher urinary @entity8943 - excretions than probands without (3.9 +/- 2.8 vs 3.1 +/- 3.4 mg @entity8943 -/g @entity1011 ) and significantly lower urinary I-/ @entity8943 - ratios than @entity1 without @entity1374 (41 +/- 38 vs 61 +/- 71 microg I-/mg @entity8943 -/l). Mean urinary I- excretions were not different between probands with or without @entity5651 . Smokers showed significantly elevated urinary @entity8943 -/ @entity1011 ratios in comparison to non-smokers (4.3 +/- 4.3 vs 2.4 +/- 2.1 mg @entity8943 -/g @entity1011 ). ANOVA revealed a prediction of thyroid volume through age (P < 0.001), gender (P < 0.001), body weight (P < 0.05) and smoking (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our investigation, age, gender and smoking (raising @entity8943 - levels by CN- inhalation) were predictive for thyroid volume and the urinary I-/ @entity8943 - ratios were able to detect probands with an increased risk of developing @entity5651 in contrast to urinary I- excretion levels alone. These data suggest, that in an era and area of decreased @entity3789 pollution, @entity8943 - may remain a cofactor in the multifactorial aetiology of @entity5651 .

title: The role of XXXX in the etiology of @entity5651 in an industrial metropolitan area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8875 :: ('MESH:C031760', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity8875 :: (MESH:C031760,Chemical) :: ['thiocyanate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4847 of the central nervous system are rare, usually benign @entity5 . Three cases with @entity5 recurrences have previously been reported in the literature. The authors report a case of a malignant @entity4847 in a @entity1 age 8 years and analyze the biologic characteristics of this @entity5 . METHODS: The @entity5 was analyzed by histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural techniques. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mixed, attenuating, contrast-enhancing mass in the right posterior temporal lobe. Histopathology of the resected specimen revealed a uniformly S-100 positive and @entity5 with a characteristic distribution of spindle and epithelioid cells, with the latter almost entirely confined to the invading edge of the @entity5 . There was extensive brain infiltration in the form of lobules and fingerlike processes with a targetoid appearance. The spindle cells showed palisading and had elongated, wavy nuclei. Electron microscopy demonstrated basal lamina around both cell types with scattered Luse bodies in between. The @entity1 is perfectly healthy and recurrence free 17 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This represents the fourth and the youngest case in the literature of a malignant @entity4847 and highlights the distinctive clinicopathologic features of these @entity5 . First, these @entity5 have very great infiltrative potential, as observed histopathologically and reflected in their frequent recurrences. Second, epithelioid cells confined to the infiltrative edge suggest their aggressive role. Epithelioid cells have been shown to represent a malignant component of @entity808 with malignant transformation; however, this case does not have any evidence of origin from a preexisting @entity808 . Third, despite histologic similarities to neuraxial @entity10053 , none of the @entity5 had any evidence of divergent differentiation towards astrocytic or neuronal lineage, and had a much worse prognosis. Fourth, the event free survival after initial resection appears to be an important predictor of overall survival in the reviewed cases. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy have not been successful in the treatment of this rare entity. Hence, an accurate diagnosis and planned extensive resection appear to be the key elements in its management.

title: Malignant XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['systemic schwannomas', 'benign schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reticulin rich biphasic tumor', 'tumor', 'malignant schwannomas', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic neuroepithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['Intraparenchymal nerve sheath tumors', 'intracerebral nerve sheath tumor']

answer: @entity4847 :: (MESH:D018317,Disease) :: ['intracerebral nerve sheath tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Factors influencing the progression of @entity73 to @entity1 -perceived disability are not well known. We sought to better understand this relationship in the setting of injury. METHODS: We followed a cohort of 302 @entity1 with lower extremity @entity174 over a 1-year period. Physical impairment was assessed by range of motion, strength, and @entity158 . Range of motion and strength were assessed together as a proportion of normal function of the extremity (impairment score). @entity158 was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) @entity158 score. Disability was assessed using the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), a widely used measure of @entity1 -perceived limitations of everyday activities attributable to illness. The SIP was administered during hospitalization to assess preinjury baseline. Impairment assessment and readministration of the SIP were performed at 12 months after injury. RESULTS: Impairment in leg function (range of motion and strength) was highly correlated (p < 0.001) with overall SIP score at 12 months, but accounted for only 23% of the variance in overall SIP scores. Likewise, VAS @entity158 score was highly correlated (p < 0.001) with overall SIP score at 12 months, but accounted for only 29% of the variance in overall SIP scores. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, variables that were independently associated with overall SIP score included impairment score, VAS @entity158 score, preinjury SIP, poverty status, education status, social support, having hired a lawyer, and involvement with workers' compensation. These variables accounted for 52% of the variance in overall SIP scores at 12 months. CONCLUSION: The degree of @entity73 accounts for only a small amount of the variance in disability from lower extremity @entity174 . Identifiable @entity1 characteristics including age, socioeconomic status, preinjury health, and social support together with impairment account for over half of the variance in long-term disability. Further research is needed to increase understanding of other factors that influence the progression of @entity717 , especially those factors that may be amenable to intervention.

title: @entity717 after lower extremity XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['physical impairment']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairment to disability']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Five molecular weight grades of @entity7049 were characterized using gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and viscometry to determine the effect of molecular weight on the glass transition temperature and the intrinsic viscosity. In addition, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was used to assess the dynamic storage modulus and the damping factor of the polymer samples by detecting motional and structural transitions over a wide temperature range. Significant relationships were found between the molecular weight and these polymer properties. The five grades of @entity7049 were also incorporated as binders into matrix tablet formulations containing the model drug @entity2544 and microcrystalline cellulose. Dissolution studies showed significant correlations between the properties of the polymer and the matrix release profiles of the tablets. The release of @entity2544 slowed down progressively as the polymer molecular weight increased. The differences in release became less significant and reached a limiting asymptotic value as the molecular weight increased to 138,000. Further, tablet index testing was utilized to determine the compaction properties of the polymer granulations. Although there was no correlation with the molecular weight of @entity1989 , brittle fracture index testing indicated very low brittleness for all granulations tested. However, bonding index determinations correlated very well with both the physical-mechanical properties of the polymer and drug release profiles.

title: The influence of polymer glass transition temperature and molecular weight on drug release from tablets containing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(DL-lactic acid)']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly(DL-lactic acid)']


abstract: Two class III peroxidases from @entity958 , @entity51680 and @entity51681 , have been studied in this paper. Their encoding genes are mainly expressed in roots; @entity51680 transcripts were also found in leaves and stems. Light activates the expression of both genes in seedlings. Transformed seedlings producing @entity51680 -GFP or @entity51681 -GFP fusion proteins under the control of the @entity3260 35S promoter exhibit fluorescence in the cell walls of roots, showing that the two peroxidases are localized in the apoplast, which is in line with their affinity for the @entity141 -pectate structure. The role they can play in cell wall was investigated using (1) insertion mutants that have suppressed or reduced expression of @entity51680 or @entity51681 genes, respectively, (2) a double mutant with no @entity51680 and a reduced level of @entity51681 transcripts, (3) a mutant overexpressing @entity51681 under the control of the @entity3260 35S promoter. The major phenotypic consequences of these genetic manipulations were observed on the variation of the length of seedling roots. Seedlings lacking @entity51680 transcripts have shorter roots than the wild-type controls and roots are still shorter in the double mutant. Seedlings overexpressing @entity51681 exhibit significantly longer roots. These modifications of root length are accompanied by corresponding changes of cell length. The results suggest that @entity51680 and @entity51681 , two highly homologous @entity958 peroxidases, are involved in the reactions that promote cell elongation and that this occurs most likely within cell walls.

title: Two cell wall associated peroxidases from XXXX influence root elongation.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Recent studies using the technique of the @entity1 genome screening in families with multiple siblings suffering from @entity66 have suggested the presence of at least four different chromosomes in the predisposition to suffer from @entity66 . Two loci in chromosome 6 appear to be important in disease susceptibility. Other studies based on cytokine gene polymorphisms have found a strong association with a particular haplotype in the @entity310 locus. This haplotype carries a gene for a high secretor phenotype of @entity310 . The finding may be important in understanding the heterogeneity of inflammatory response. Evidence has been presented in favour of a predominantly Th1 pattern of cytokine production by the @entity66 associated HLA-DQ restricted T cell clones. HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8 restricted gliadin-specific T cells have been shown to produce @entity379 , which appears to be an indispensable cytokine in the damage to enterocytes encountered in the small intestine, since the histological changes can be blocked by anti- @entity379 antibodies in vitro. @entity310 , also produced by several T cell clones, may in conjunction with @entity379 have a toxic effect or enhance the @entity379 -induced increase of HLA-class II expression on surface enterocytes. In the lamina propria this leads to an increased expression of adhesion molecules such as @entity2071 on T lymphocytes and macrophages. Th1 cells also activate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that migrate in the epithelial layer, and stimulate further @entity5523 macrophages to produce @entity379 and @entity310 enhancing the inflammatory response. During this process autoreactive T cells proliferate, creating a situation which is very similar to the process that takes place in @entity792 . Occasionally, this inflammatory destruction of the small intestinal integrity initiated by gluten peptides goes further and develops into a proper @entity792 which requires the use of immunosuppressive drugs in addition to a gluten-free diet.

title: Advances in the immunogenetics of XXXX . Clues for understanding the pathogenesis and disease heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in subventricular zone (SVZ) produce new striatal neurons during several months after @entity64 , which may contribute to recovery. Intracerebral grafts of NSPCs can exert beneficial effects after @entity64 through neuronal replacement, trophic actions, neuroprotection, and modulation of @entity32 . Here we have explored whether @entity1 fetal striatum-derived NSPC-grafts influence striatal neurogenesis and promote recovery in @entity64 -damaged brain. T cell-deficient @entity35 were subjected to 1h @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). @entity1 fetal NSPCs or vehicle were implanted into ipsilateral striatum 48 h after @entity2500 , animals were assessed behaviorally, and perfused at 6 or 14 weeks. Grafted @entity1 NSPCs survived in all @entity35 , and a subpopulation had differentiated to neuroblasts or mature neurons at 6 and 14 weeks. Numbers of proliferating cells in SVZ and new migrating neuroblasts and mature neurons were higher, and numbers of activated microglia/macrophages were lower in the ischemic striatum of NSPC-grafted compared to vehicle-injected group both at 6 and 14 weeks. A fraction of grafted NSPCs projected axons from striatum to globus pallidus. The NSPC-grafted @entity35 showed improved functional recovery in stepping and cylinder tests from 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Our data show, for the first time, that intrastriatal implants of @entity1 fetal NSPCs exert a long-term enhancement of several steps of striatal neurogensis after @entity64 . The grafts also suppress striatal @entity32 and ameliorate @entity51 . Our findings support the idea that combination of NSPC transplantation and stimulation of neurogenesis from endogenous NSPCs may become a valuable strategy for functional restoration after @entity64 .

title: Grafted @entity1 neural stem cells enhance several steps of endogenous neurogenesis and improve behavioral recovery after @entity2500 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Among dialysis @entity1 , only 23% have a normal echocardiogram, about 10% have recurrent or chronic @entity712 , and 17% have asymptomatic @entity741 . The predisposing factors for @entity712 are @entity384 , @entity71 , and @entity741 . @entity384 , a @entity299 , includes among its risk factors age, @entity2742 , and smoking. @entity1184 results in @entity67 , and its predictors include age, @entity101 , @entity3775 accumulation, @entity417 , and, perhaps, @entity2742 . @entity741 is due to the presence of @entity453 and also to @entity66 caused by the reduction in coronary vasodilator reserve and altered myocardial @entity26 delivery and use. The clinical outcome of @entity712 is comparable to that of nonrenal @entity1 with medically @entity712 . @entity4346 is an important independent determinant of survival. A subset have @entity71 with severe @entity1184 and have a bad survival, as low as 43% have a 2-yr survival after the first admission to hospital with @entity712 . The prognosis for those with @entity384 is less severe but is worse than those with normal echocardiogram. The survival of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity741 was little different from that of @entity1 without symptoms, suggesting that the underlying @entity296 had an adverse impact on survival independent of @entity63 . Much research needs to be undertaken on the risk factors, natural history, and therapy of the various types of @entity299 prevalent in dialysis @entity1 .

title: The natural history of @entity296 in dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['refractory heart failure', 'congestive heart failure', 'cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonatherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophic disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Dilated cardiomyopathy', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic disease', 'hypertrophic hyperkinetic disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'Ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of systolic function', 'cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2903 and @entity4020 (IFN-alpha-2b) are both active in @entity320 . Therefore, the efficacy and safety of @entity2903 in combination with pegylated IFN-alpha-2b in @entity1 with @entity320 without brain metastases was investigated. METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed, unresectable, American Joint Committee on @entity5 @entity320 were enrolled in an open-label, Phase II study. The primary endpoints were @entity5 response and safety. @entity1 received @entity2903 (75 mg/m2/dayx6 weeks with a 2-week break between cycles) plus concomitant subcutaneous pegylated IFN-alpha-2b (0.5 microg/kg/wk, continuously). Treatment was continued until unacceptable @entity137 or disease progression occurred. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 (median age, 55 years) with @entity320 and a median of 3 metastatic sites were enrolled and received a median of 1 cycle (i.e., 8 weeks) of therapy (range, 0-6 cycles). Eleven @entity1 (31%) (95% confidence interval, 16% to 47%) had an objective @entity5 response, including 3 with clinical complete response durations of 6 months, 20 months, and 32+ months and 8 with partial responses. Three @entity1 with a partial or mixed response were subsequently rendered free of clinically detectable disease with surgery. The median survival was 12 months with a median follow-up among survivors of 16 months. No @entity1 developed brain metastases while receiving study treatment. Treatment was generally well tolerated. @entity1503 consisted mainly of @entity2905 and @entity1431 (National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria Grades 1-3); no Grade 4 hematologic @entity137 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity2903 plus pegylated IFN-alpha-2b had antitumor activity and was well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity320 . Therefore, further study is warranted.

title: Phase II study of @entity2903 plus pegylated @entity4020 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['Temozolomide', 'temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma', 'Stage IV melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous reports have suggested that disturbances in @entity460 regulation may underlie the pathophysiologic characteristics of @entity3010 and that @entity460 supplementation may be an effective therapeutic approach. To evaluate the effect of @entity4959 on the luteal and menstrual phases of the menstrual cycle in @entity3010 , a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter clinical trial was conducted. STUDY DESIGN: Healthy, premenopausal @entity1 between the ages of 18 and 45 years were recruited nationally across the United States at 12 outpatient centers and screened for moderate-to-severe, cyclically recurring @entity1109 . Symptoms were prospectively documented over 2 menstrual cycles with a daily rating scale that had 17 core symptoms and 4 symptom factors (negative affect, water retention, food cravings, and @entity158 ). @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive 1200 mg of elemental @entity460 per day in the form of @entity4959 or placebo for 3 menstrual cycles. Routine chemistry, complete blood cell count, and urinalysis were obtained on all @entity1 . Daily documentation of symptoms, adverse effects, and compliance with medications were monitored. The primary outcome measure was the 17-parameter symptom complex score. RESULTS: Seven hundred twenty @entity1 were screened for this trial; 497 @entity1 were enrolled; 466 were valid for the efficacy analysis. There was no difference in age, weight, height, use of oral contraceptives, or menstrual cycle length between treatment groups. There were no differences between groups in the mean screening symptom complex score of the luteal (P = .659), menstrual (P = .818), or intermenstrual phase (P = .726) of the menstrual cycle. During the luteal phase of the treatment cycle, a significantly lower mean symptom complex score was observed in the @entity460 -treated group for both the second (P = .007) and third (P < .001) treatment cycles. By the third treatment cycle @entity460 effectively resulted in an overall 48% reduction in total symptom scores from baseline compared with a 30% reduction in placebo. All 4 symptom factors were significantly reduced by the third treatment cycle. CONCLUSIONS: @entity460 supplementation is a simple and effective treatment in @entity3010 , resulting in a major reduction in overall luteal phase symptoms.

title: @entity4959 and the @entity3010 : effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms. XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual syndrome']

answer: @entity3010 :: (MESH:D011293,Disease) :: ['Premenstrual Syndrome']


abstract: @entity43 ( @entity43 ) is the major @entity5 mortality cause in Sweden. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term survival and prognostic factors of a complete population-based 5-year cohort of 682 @entity1 with invasive @entity43 in western Sweden (population around 1.6 million). Data relating to @entity41 after surgery, FIGO stage, grade, histopathologic subtype, ploidy status, adjuvant chemotherapy (the prepaclitaxel period), and disease state (recurrence and @entity204 ) were reported to a quality register in a prospectively kept database and were controlled against the Swedish National Cancer Registry for completeness. The median follow-up durations for the prospectively collected data in the Cox analysis and for the survival analysis that was made for all @entity1 were 81 months (range, 52-109 months) and 11.7 years (range, 8.7-14.1 years), respectively. No @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The relative 10-year survival rate was 38.4% (95% confidence interval, 34.5%-42.8%). The median relative survival time was 4.3 years (95% confidence interval, 3.6%-5.2%). In the univariate Cox regression analysis, prognostic significances for age, stage, @entity41 , histopathologic subtype of @entity19862 , grade, CA-125, and ploidy status were seen. In the multivariate analysis, age, stage, @entity41 after surgery, and postoperative CA-125 were of prognostic significance. In conclusion, 4 major prognostic factors were found for @entity43 in this population-based cohort study that also presents nearly accurate long-term survival owing to the nonselective nature and completeness regarding @entity1 and follow-up of the study.

title: A population-based 5-year cohort study including all cases of XXXX in western Sweden: 10-year survival and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'Epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer']

entities_list: @entity19862 :: ('MESH:D018284', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Central @entity1386 , @entity2690 resistance and @entity101 are clearly interrelated but the mechanisms underlying this association have not been thoroughly elucidated. As renal @entity1372 handling plays a central role in salt-sensitive forms of @entity101 , we investigated the relation of renal tubular @entity1372 handling to @entity551 and @entity2690 sensitivity. DESIGN: Population-based study. @entity1 : Five hundred and fifty-five untreated Olivetti male workers, aged 25-75 years. SETTING: Olivetti factory medical centers in Pozzuoli and Marcianise (Naples, Italy) MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometric indices, serum @entity2690 , homeostatic model assessment index of @entity2690 sensitivity, blood pressure, fractional excretions of @entity414 and exogenous @entity1091 (as markers of renal tubular @entity1372 handling). RESULTS: In univariate analysis, measures of central @entity1386 (i.e. sagittal abdominal diameter and umbilical circumference) were directly correlated with serum @entity2690 (P < 0.001) and blood pressure levels (P < 0.001) and inversely associated with the fractional excretions of @entity414 and @entity1091 (P = 0.01-0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, the same anthropometric indices but not the measures of @entity1897 (arm circumference and tricipital skinfold thickness), were significant predictors of the fractional excretion of @entity414 and @entity1091 , independently of age, blood pressure and serum @entity2690 levels (P = 0.01-0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal @entity1386 was associated with altered renal tubular @entity1372 handling apart from @entity2690 resistance and @entity101 . The data indicate that @entity1 with prevalent abdominal @entity1386 have an enhanced rate of tubular @entity1372 reabsorption, mainly at proximal sites. These findings provide a possible mechanistic link between central @entity1386 and salt-dependent @entity101 .

title: Altered renal @entity1372 handling in XXXX with abdominal @entity1386 : a link to @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral adiposity']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal adiposity, blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: As the evidence base supporting the use of laxatives in @entity1 is very limited, we undertook an updated systematic review to clarify the issue. A comprehensive literature search was carried out to identify randomised controlled trials of @entity968 ( @entity970 ) versus either placebo or active comparator, in @entity1 aged <18 years with primary chronic @entity1142 . Outcomes were assessed as either global assessments of effectiveness or differences in defaecation rates. Seven qualifying studies involving 594 @entity1 were identified. Five were comparisons of @entity970 with lactulose, one with milk of magnesia and one with placebo. Study duration ranged from 2 weeks to 12 months. @entity970 was significantly more effective than placebo and either equivalent to (two studies) or superior to (four studies) active comparator. Differences in study design precluded meaningful meta-analysis. Lack of high quality studies has meant that the management of childhood @entity1142 has tended to rely on anecdote and empirical treatment choice. Recent publication of well designed randomised trials now permits a more evidence-based approach, with @entity970 -based treatments having been proven to be effective and well-tolerated first-line treatment.

title: @entity968 ( @entity968 ) laxatives in @entity1 with functional XXXX and faecal impaction: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: We previously reported that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) promote collateral circulation in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). There have been many reports on the beneficial effects of @entity7743 blockers (ARBs) on the cardiac microvasculature. Therefore, the following studies were performed to evaluate the association between treatment with an @entity11882 and the enhancement of coronary collateral circulation as assessed by the Rentrop Score (RS) (Study 1) and to compare these results to those obtained with an ACE-I (Study 2). The subjects were 456 @entity1 with @entity951 who underwent coronary angiography. Study 1: Those who had one (1-V), two (2-V) or three significantly stenosed vessels (3-V) and who received only an @entity11882 without any other anti- @entity101 medication were defined as the @entity11882 group (n=81), and age-, sex- and body mass index-matched subjects (n=146) were selected as a comparative group. There were no significant differences in the percentage of @entity1 with RS>or=1 between the two groups. Study 2: Those who received an ACE-I as the only anti- @entity101 treatment were defined as the ACE-I group (n=67), which was matched to the @entity11882 group in Study 1. The percentage of @entity1 with RS>or=1 in the ACE-I group was significantly higher than that in the @entity11882 group as assessed by a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis. In addition, @entity1 with 3-V disease who were treated with an ACE-I, but not an @entity11882 , were most likely (odds ratio [confidence Interval]): 27.7 [4.8-161.0]) to show enhanced collateral circulation, as assessed by a multiple logistic regression analysis. These results suggest that treatment with an ACE-I, but not treatment with an @entity11882 , was associated with the enhancement of collateral circulation in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: @entity7743 blockers do not promote coronary collateral circulation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The 38C13 @entity19 @entity1892 model was used to study the effect of the preinjection of unlabelled anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the subsequent biodistribution of 131I-anti-idiotype mAb. @entity19 with established @entity5 received 0-500 micrograms of unlabelled anti-idiotype mAb 24 h prior to the administration of 131I-anti-idiotype (specific), or both 125I-anti-idiotype and 131I-isotype-matched irrelevant control (nonspecific) mAb. @entity19 were counted daily in a gamma counter and sacrificed at 2-144 h following injection. @entity19 were dissected and the weight and activity of the animals and organs were measured. @entity19 were bled periodically and circulating idiotype levels were measured using an ELISA assay. Five hundred micrograms of unlabelled anti-idiotype mAb increased the retention time of the specific but not the nonspecific mAb in all organs and @entity5 . Following pretreatment with unlabelled mAb, the cumulative @entity5 /whole body and @entity5 /normal organ ratios became similar to those of the nonspecific mAb, with concentration ratios (specific/nonspecific mAb) of approximately 1, which persisted until 96 h post injection when circulating idiotype reappears in antigen excess. In the absence of unlabelled mAb there was less retention in @entity5 and normal tissue. This is presumed to be due in part to decreased levels of circulating 131I-mAb secondary to rapid plasma clearance of antigen-antibody complexes and @entity5 cell mediated dehalogenation, which results when the specific mAb specifically binds the targeted antigen. Thus, the addition of unlabelled mAb increased the retention by decreasing the specific behavior of the anti-idiotypic antibody.

title: The effect of unlabelled monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the biodistribution of 131I-anti-idiotype mAb in XXXX @entity1892 .

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The application frequency of topical corticosteroids is a recurrently debated topic. Multiple-daily applications are common, although a superior efficacy compared to once-daily application is not unequivocally proven. Only few pharmacokinetic studies investigating application frequency exist. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dose (Experiment 1) and application frequency (Experiment 2) on the penetration of @entity2995 ( @entity43518 ) into @entity1 stratum corneum (SC) in vivo. The experiments were conducted on the forearms of 15 healthy volunteers. In Experiment 1, single @entity43518 doses (300 microg/cm(2) and 100 microg/cm(2)) dissolved in @entity1324 were applied on three sites per arm. In experiment 2, single (1 x 300 microg/cm(2)) and multiple (3 x 100 microg/cm(2)) @entity43518 doses were similarly applied. SC samples were harvested by tape stripping after 0.5, 4 and 24 h (Experiment 1) and after 4, 8 and 24 h (Experiment 2). Corneocytes and @entity43518 were quantified by UV/VIS spectroscopy and HPLC, respectively. @entity43518 amounts penetrated into SC were statistically evaluated by a paired-sample t-test. In Experiment 1, @entity43518 amounts within SC after application of 1 x 300 microg/cm(2) compared to 1 x 100 microg/cm(2) were only significantly different directly after application and similar at 4 and 24 h. In Experiment 2, multiple applications of 3 x 100 microg/cm(2) yielded higher @entity43518 amounts compared to a single application of 1 x 300 microg/cm(2) at 4 and 8 h. At 24 h, no difference was observed. In conclusion, using this simple vehicle, considerable @entity43518 amounts were retained within SC independently of dose and application frequency. A low @entity43518 dose applied once should be preferred to a high dose, which may promote higher systemic exposure.

title: Topical bioavailability of XXXX : effect of dose and application frequency.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']