abstract: @entity15476 (AP) is a @entity19317 in dietary @entity3088 reported as strong antioxidant and elite modulator of PPARy. The current study evaluated the consequence of AP in @entity3044 ( @entity8670 )-induced oxidative stress and @entity583 during b-adrenergic receptor stimulus in @entity35 by persistent hemodynamic, biochemical and histopathological changes. @entity35 received AP (25, 50 and 75  mg/kg/day) or vehicle i.p. for 14  days and @entity8670 (100  mg/kg, s.c.) on 13th and 14th days for initiation of @entity1370 . @entity8670 -treated @entity35 showed evidence of significant dwindle in systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, maximal positive rate of developed left ventricular pressure. In totting up, a noteworthy diminution in activities of @entity908 kinase-MB isoenzyme, @entity2041 , @entity224 dismutase, @entity12609 and level along with rise in @entity1234 content were observed. The shielding function of AP on @entity3044 -induced @entity296 was observed by attenuating all the endogenous parameters and the membrane-bound enzymes. It was confirmed by histopathological examinations. The effect of AP at the doses of 50 and 75  mg/kg showed added apparent than at the dose of 25  mg/kg. Current study thus provides confirmation for protective effects of AP on myocardium in experimentally induced @entity583 .

title: XXXX Attenuates b-Receptor-Stimulated @entity296 Via Safeguarding Cardiac Functions and Escalation of Antioxidant Defence System.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity15476 :: (MESH:D047310,Chemical) :: ['Apigenin']


abstract: Recently large, prospective, randomized studies on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have indicated that the @entity1871 use might interfere with hemostasis and thus increase venous thrombotic events. Therefore, available publications were evaluated to determine whether @entity7828 interfere with hemostasis, either when given alone via oral or parenteral routes or in combination with @entity2082 as synthetic @entity172 or natural @entity172 . There are indications that such interference is dependent upon the type and dose of the @entity1871 , the route of application, the length of treatment and the type and dose of the @entity172 with which it is combined. For natural @entity1420 , no negative effects on the hemostatic system were seen with either oral or parenteral application, in cyclic or continuous regimens, for the doses investigated. Similarly, no unwanted effects were seen with @entity1871 only pills (POP), independent of the type and dose of @entity1871 , or parenteral @entity7828 . With the high-dose @entity7828 used in gynaecological oncology, the increased activation of the hemostatic system resulting from the disease itself has to be taken into account when looking at any increased incidence of @entity1031 events in these @entity1 . For @entity172 / @entity1871 combinations, the risk of @entity1211 is attributed to the @entity172 used. Recent studies showed an increased rate of @entity1031 events in association with desogestrel-and @entity2081 -containing oral contraceptives, compared with those containing levonorgestrel. With HRT, a decrease in antithrombin factors could explain the increased rate of venous thrombotic events. In conclusion, @entity7828 seems to have different effects on the hemostatic system due to their different pattern of biological activities. This was also shown in the arterial vascular system, where some @entity7828 may reduce the endothelium-dependent vasodilating action of @entity172 and stimulate intima proliferation and upregulate thrombin receptor expression while other @entity7828 did not.

title: Differential effects of XXXX on hemostasis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2081 :: ('MESH:C033273', 'Chemical') :: ['gestodene']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity7828 :: (MESH:D011372,Chemical) :: ['progestins']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Higher levels of @entity1243 and @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) have been evaluated as risk factors of @entity740 in @entity1 and general population. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in the associations of @entity1243 and @entity5784 levels and renal function a representative healthy young population in Taiwan. METHODS: The @entity1 aged >= 18 years who underwent health examinations were included and categorized into three groups by gender-specific tertiles of @entity1243 and @entity5784 levels. Estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were estimated according to the modified equation of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). RESULTS: A higher mean @entity5784 level was found in male subjects than females. Mean values of @entity209 risk factors significantly elevated with increasing @entity1243 levels in both genders. Both male and female subjects with higher plasma @entity5784 levels were more likely to have a lower eGFR. Plasma @entity5784 levels were significantly negatively correlated with eGFR in linear regression models adjusted for age and smoking. The associations persisted even after mean arterial pressure and fasting plasma @entity413 were included for adjustments both genders. Plasma @entity5784 level was negatively associated eGFR and the association was more profound for females. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1243 levels did not reveal strong or consistent evidence to support a significant association with eGFR. @entity5784 had a more decisive effect on @entity8 than @entity1243 and may be considered a more sensitive biomarker for Taiwanese adults.

title: The association of XXXX and @entity1255 with @entity8 in a population of Taiwanese adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'renal function impairment', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: The @entity1 was 39-year-old male who had been administrated 20 mg of prednisolone for control of chronic @entity5930 . He consulted the hospital with @entity221 , @entity10 and gait disturbance. The laboratory data of peripheral blood revealed a smoldering @entity1619 . Computed tomogram of the chest and MRI of the brain revealed a mass in the right middle lobe of the lung and a @entity867 in the left hemisphere respectively. Biopsied specimens from the lung and @entity867 showed an Aspergillus like fungus. In spite of placement of an Ommaya reservoir for administration of @entity45980 and control of intracranial pressure, he died. During the course, specific antigen and specific gene were not detected in the peripheral blood, and no viable organism was isolated from the specimens. Post mortem examination revealed @entity75 in the lung, parietal pleura, liver, heart and kidney. After autopsy, @entity2381 was confirmed through a tissue examination using nested PCR for Aspergillus DNA. In this case, we think that viable fungi could endure in the tissue while circulating Aspergillus markers remained undetectable.

title: [A case of @entity2381 with smoldering XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['adult T cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple nodular lesions']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['adult T-cell leukemia']


abstract: Our objective was to perform concomitant taste and salivary analyses in subjects with oral sensory complaints (OSC), including @entity8511 ( @entity8511 ), @entity1702 , and @entity2133 without established etiology, to attempt to find a possible explanation for the mechanism underlying those complaints. @entity8511 is a disorder characterized by a painful @entity809 in clinically normal and healthy oral mucosa. Taste and salivary analyses were performed on 163 subjects with OSC who complained of @entity8511 , taste aberration, or @entity2133 , alone or in combination. These subjects were compared with 84 healthy, age- and sex-matched control subjects. The salivary and taste analyses were found to be helpful in distinguishing control subjects from complaining subjects. The most striking result found was the great similarity of both salivary and taste analyses in the @entity8511 , taste aberration, and @entity2133 groups, which were significantly different from the results obtained in the control group. An oral @entity16 or neurologic transduction interruption induced by salivary compositional alterations is suggested as the possible etiology for the complaints. This report might add an important objective diagnostic tool to the clinician treating such @entity1 . PERSPECTIVE: The merit of the current study stems from the fact that it suggests for the first time a salivary-related local neuropathic mechanism for oral sensorial complaints. This may be of paramount importance, both with respect to the biological background of these complaints and to the possible therapeutic modalities that might be offered to suffering @entity1 .

title: Sialochemical and gustatory analysis in XXXX with oral sensory complaints.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8511 :: ('MESH:D002054', 'Disease') :: ['BMS', 'burning mouth syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['burning or scalding sensation']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic taste aberrations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity14697 ( @entity14697 ) is a very rare, but well known inherited condition of uncertain etiology in which features of premature and accelerated aging are mixed with those of delayed @entity2175 and @entity44 . Appearance at birth and birth weight are usually normal but growth typically slows after 1 year. All organ systems undergo degeneration to such an extent that the @entity1 resembles an old @entity1 or @entity1 . @entity851 , micrognatia, @entity1665 , sculptured nose, prominent scalp veins, @entity393 , @entity407 and @entity4288 characterize the syndrome. Skeletal compromise includes @entity509 and @entity1141 , persistent open fontanelles, severe @entity3061 and @entity174 . There are no intellectual deficits in @entity1 with this syndrome, and intelligence is unaffected. The life span in progeria is @entity4288 . In this case, we review the characteristics of the severe osteolytic compromise in distal arms and limbs and @entity79 in a case of an 8-year-old @entity1 , who was admitted to our hospital with @entity851 and loss of hair. On examination, the @entity1 had the major clinical criteria for @entity14697 as well as severe alterations in osteogenesis, including @entity2122 , short and sculptured nose, @entity52001 , severe @entity1635 , @entity85 and asymmetrical and hypoplastic arms and legs. Generalized @entity2331 and severe osteolytic compromise in distal extremities were found by X-ray examination. In summary, we report the case of an 8-year-old @entity1 who meets the diagnostic criteria for @entity14697 with severe involvement of her bones and joints with a review of the current literature and a possible therapeutic approach.

title: Severe bone changes in a case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'woman', 'child', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature', 'Short stature']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial disproportion']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['early arteriosclerosis', 'shortened by early arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pathological fractures']

entities_list: @entity52001 :: ('MESH:C567313', 'Disease') :: ['delayed dentition']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone deformities']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity14697 :: ('MESH:D011371', 'Disease') :: ['Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome', 'HGPS']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['clavicular deformity']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of subcutaneous fat, prominent joints']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity']

answer: @entity14697 :: (MESH:D011371,Disease) :: ['Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome']


abstract: @entity6846 -producing @entity526 (VTEC) O157:H7 inhibits @entity379 -stimulated @entity669 phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)-1 in epithelial cells, independent of Verotoxins and the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island. Although @entity526 O157:H7 is the major cause of disease in @entity1 , non-O157:H7 VTEC also cause @entity1 disease. However, the virulence properties of non-O157:H7 VTEC are less well characterized. The aims of this study were to define the ability of VTEC strains of differing seropathotypes (classified as A-E) to inhibit @entity379 stimulated @entity6897 -phosphorylation and to further characterize the bacterial-derived inhibitory factor. Confluent T84 and HEp-2 cells were infected with VTEC strains (MOI 100:1, 6h, 37 degrees C), and then stimulated with @entity379 (50 ng/mL) for 0.5h at 37 degrees C. Whole-cell protein extracts of infected cells were collected and prepared for immunoblotting to detect @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity6897 . The effects of @entity526 O55 strains, the evolutionary precursors of VTEC, on @entity6897 - @entity669 phosphorylation were also determined. The effects of isogenic mutants of O-islands 47 and 122 were tested to determine the role of genes encoded on these putative pathogenicity islands in mediating VTEC inhibition of the @entity379 - @entity6897 signaling cascade. To evaluate potential mechanism(s) of inhibition, VTEC O157:H7-infected cells were treated with pharmacological inhibitors, including, @entity2307 and @entity2306 . Relative to uninfected cells, @entity6897 - @entity669 phosphorylation was significantly reduced after 6h infection of both T84 and HEp-2 cells by VTEC strains of all five seropathotypes. @entity526 O55 strains, but not enteropathogenic @entity526 (EPEC), also caused inhibition of @entity6897 - @entity669 phosphorylation, suggesting that this effect was acquired early in the evolution of VTEC. @entity6897 -activation did not recover in epithelial cells infected with isogenic mutants of O-islands 47 and 122, indicating that the inhibitory factor was not contained in these genomic regions. @entity6897 -phosphorylation remained intact when VTEC-infected cells were treated with @entity2307 (0-100 nM), but not by treatment with the more specific PI3-kinase inhibitor, @entity2306 . Inhibition of @entity379 stimulated @entity6897 - @entity669 phosphorylation by VTEC of multiple seropathotypes indicates the presence of a common inhibitory factor that is independent of bacterial virulence in @entity1 . The results of treatment with @entity2307 suggest that the bacterial-derived inhibitory factor employs host cell signal transduction to mediate inhibition of @entity6897 -activation.

title: Multiple seropathotypes of verotoxin-producing XXXX (VTEC) disrupt @entity379 -induced @entity669 phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)-1.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6846 :: ('MESH:D022603', 'Chemical') :: ['Verotoxin']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the modulation of neutrophil apoptosis and @entity39 , elucidate the protecton mechanisms of @entity619 . METHODS: 50 @entity35 were divided into 5 groups. I: normal island @entity19675 . II: artery occlusion for 8 hours, saline given into peritoneal. III: @entity432 for 8 hours, saline given into peritoneal. IV: artery occlusion for 8 hours, @entity619 injected through peritoneal. V: @entity432 for 8 hours, @entity619 injected through peritoneal. @entity19675 survived areas were measured, neutrophil apoptosis and @entity39 values were ananlyzed with FCM. Their morphology were observed with light microscopy. The swallows of apoptotic neutrophil by mascrophages were studied with transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: @entity19675 survived areas I, IV and V groups were higher than that in II and III groups, which in I, IV, V had no significant values. Apoptotic neutrophils values in II and III groups on 1, 3 days were less than that in, but on 6 days, higher than that in I, IV and V. @entity39 neutrophils showed another tendency postoperatively when compared with its apoptotic values. There were more swallows of apoptotic neutrophils in flaps of IV, V groups than that in II, III flaps. CONCLUSION: @entity619 's @entity19675 protection results from modulating of neutrophils apoptosis, decreasing it's @entity39 , increasing swallowings values of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages.

title: [Modulation of the neutrophil died process-mechanisms of the XXXX protection from ischemia-reperfusion with @entity619 ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'Necrotic']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

answer: @entity19675 :: (29624(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['flap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antegrade colonic enemas are used in @entity1 with @entity14 resistant to conservative therapy. A number of different operative techniques are applied, but their effectiveness is by and large unknown. We therefore evaluated the long-term usefulness of the left-sided percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube method in adult @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity14 underwent insertion of a PEG tube colostomy by laparotomy between 1997 and 2006. In 2014, we evaluated how many of the @entity1 had the tube still in place, how the @entity1 coped with the tube, and what the reasons for the removal were. RESULTS: The main indications were severe @entity1142 or fecal @entity322 mainly related to @entity16 . In 2014, 5 out of 21 @entity1 had the tube still in use (median follow-up 14 years, range 11-17 years) and 4 out of 5 deceased @entity1 had had the tube in use until their death, unrelated to this treatment (median follow-up 7 years, range 0-8 years). Four out of the 5 living @entity1 considered the benefit of the tube to be good or excellent. Tubes were removed in 11 (52%) @entity1 for various reasons, local skin irritation being the most common. CONCLUSIONS: A left-sided PEG tube colostomy was removed in over half of the @entity1 , but despite that, it still seems to be a viable long-term option in the treatment of individual @entity1 with @entity14 , when conservative methods are ineffective.

title: Antegrade transverse or sigmoid colonic enema through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube is an option in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal dysfunction']


abstract: Both @entity3045 (sal) and @entity13265 (ipra) are effective bronchodilators in @entity565 @entity1 . However, the issue of their relative status remains unresolved and the clinical factors affecting the responses have also not been adequately defined. The two drugs were compared in 44 asthmatics in a double-blind, randomized crossover, placebo-controlled study. There were four test days on which each @entity1 received the following sequences of drugs: sal-sal-ipra, sal-sal-placebo, ipra-ipra-sal, and ipra-ipra-placebo. Baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was similar on the four days. The change in FEV1 produced by @entity3045 when given as the first bronchodilator was 0.50 +/- 0.30 L as compared to a change of 0.39 +/- 0.27 L produced by @entity13265 (p < 0.01). Both @entity3045 and @entity13265 resulted in statistically similar further improvements in FEV1 when given as the second drug. There was, however, a wide @entity1 -to- @entity1 variability in response, with some @entity1 showing greater improvement with @entity3045 and others with @entity13265 . Younger @entity1 showed a greater response to @entity3045 as compared to older @entity1 , while no such difference was observed with @entity13265 . Males responded better to both the drugs as compared to females. It was concluded that both @entity3045 and @entity13265 are effective bronchodilators in @entity565 @entity1 , although the overall response to @entity3045 appears to be superior. However, some @entity1 may respond better to one or other of the two drugs. Sequential administration of the two drugs may be a justified therapeutic approach as some @entity1 show have further improvement with use of the second drug.

title: Comparison of acute bronchodilator effects of inhaled @entity13265 and XXXX in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: RATIONALE: Changes in @entity935 level are thought to play an important role in both smoking reward and withdrawal symptoms during abstinence. Medications that modulate @entity935 levels may have beneficial effects on both withdrawal symptom levels and on response to smoking lapses during abstinence. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of the selective @entity11927 inhibitor @entity4160 on withdrawal symptoms, smoking behavior and smoking satisfaction ratings. METHODS: Fifteen smokers received @entity4160 (10 mg/day) and placebo (in counterbalanced order) on Monday through Thursday of 2 study weeks, separated by a 2-week washout. During each study week, ad lib smoking sessions were scheduled to assess smoking behavior both before and after a brief period of abstinence. Subjective withdrawal symptoms and mood were measured daily, and a modified Stroop test sensitive to withdrawal was scheduled during the period of abstinence. RESULTS: @entity4160 decreased craving, especially during abstinence, and impaired performance on the modified Stroop test during subjects' attempts to abstain. Medication also reduced number of cigarettes smoked and smoking satisfaction ratings during the smoking sessions both before and after the brief abstinence attempt. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with an important role of @entity935 in smoking behavior and abstinence. They suggest that pharmacological reduction of @entity11927 levels during the early part of a quit attempt may aid in smoking cessation.

title: Effects of @entity4160 ( XXXX ) during smoking and short-term abstinence.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4160 :: ('MESH:D012642', 'Chemical') :: ['Selegiline', 'selegiline']

answer: @entity4160 :: (MESH:D012642,Chemical) :: ['L-deprenyl']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report initial clinical results of transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking with iontophoresis (I-CXL). METHODS: Twenty eyes of 20 @entity1 diagnosed as having progressive @entity9042 who underwent I-CXL were included in this prospective non-randomized clinical study. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent and cylinder refraction, various corneal topography and Scheimpflug tomography parameters, aberrometry, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and endothelial cell count were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: CDVA improved significantly at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (logMAR difference of -0.07    0.01, -0.09    0.03, and -0.12    0.06, respectively; P < .05). Aberrometry remained stable during follow-up and a trend toward improvement was noted. All topographic parameters (including maximum keratometry) were stable during the follow-up, but exhibited a positive non-significant trend toward improvement. Minimum corneal thickness values were stable for up to 12 months postoperatively. None of the @entity1 showed a progression of @entity9042 . Endothelial cell counts did not change significantly (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results up to 1 year postoperatively indicate the efficacy of I-CXL in stabilizing the progression of this @entity179 combined with significant improvement of CDVA. I-CXL, which spares the corneal epithelium, has the potential to become a valid alternative for halting the progression of @entity9042 while reducing postoperative @entity1 @entity158 , risk of @entity281 , and treatment time in select @entity1 ; however, the relative efficacy of this technique compared to standard epithelium-off techniques remains to be determined.

title: Transepithelial iontophoresis corneal collagen cross-linking for progressive XXXX : initial clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: Previous research has shown that neonatal @entity35 can adapt their stepping behavior in response to sensory feedback in real-time. The current study examined real-time and persistent effects of ROM (range of motion) restriction on stepping in @entity10298 @entity35 . On the day of testing, @entity35 pups were suspended in a sling. After a 5-min baseline, they were treated with the serotonergic receptor agonist @entity13613 (3.0mg/kg) or saline (vehicle control). Half of the pups had a Plexiglas plate placed beneath them at 50% of limb length to induce a period of ROM restriction during stepping. The entire test session included a 5-min baseline, 15-min ROM restriction, and 15-min post-ROM restriction periods. Following treatment with @entity13613 , there was an increase in both fore- and hindlimb total movement and alternated steps in @entity10298 pups. P10 pups also showed more synchronized steps than P1 pups. During the ROM restriction period, there was a suppression of forelimb movement and synchronized steps. We did not find evidence of persistent effects of ROM restriction on the amount of stepping. However, real-time and persistent changes in intralimb coordination occurred. Developmental differences also were seen in the time course of stepping between @entity10298 pups, with P10 subjects showing show less stepping than younger pups. These results suggest that sensory feedback modulates locomotor activity during the period of development in which the neural mechanisms of locomotion are undergoing rapid development.

title: Range of motion (ROM) restriction influences XXXX -induced stepping behavior in postnatal day one and day ten @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity13613 :: ('MESH:D011814', 'Chemical') :: ['quipazine']

answer: @entity13613 :: (MESH:D011814,Chemical) :: ['quipazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administration of local anesthetics by a surgically placed wound catheter has recently been shown to reduce the need for postoperative @entity1286 administration in extremely preterm @entity1 undergoing ductus ligation. The primary aim of this randomized safety study was to define the plasma levels of @entity1343 (LB) following two different intermittent infusion regimens. METHODS: Eighteen preterm @entity1 23-27 gestational weeks, median birthweight 721  g scheduled for ductus ligation were included in the study. All @entity1 were anesthetized according to a standardized protocol based on high-dose @entity3575 (25-50   g  kg(-1) ). Before skin closure, a subcutaneous catheter was inserted into the wound. The @entity1 were randomized to receive one of the two intermittent infusion regimens: Group BII: Initial bolus plus early start of the intermittent infusion or Group DII: No bolus plus delayed start (8  h) of the intermittent infusion. Blood samples for determination of LB plasma concentrations were obtained on six occasions during the 24-h postoperative observation period, as well as hourly postoperative @entity158 assessments using the Echelle Douleur Inconfort Noveau (EDIN) @entity158 scale. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of LB ranged from 0.094 to 1.682   g  ml(-1) and 0 to 0.549   g  ml(-1) in group BII and DII, respectively. Both regimens were associated with low postoperative @entity158 scores (24  h median of 0 and 1 in group BII and DII, respectively). No signs of systemic @entity137 were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The two studied intermittent infusion regimens were associated with plasma levels below potentially toxic levels and were both associated with adequate postoperative @entity158 scores.

title: Plasma concentrations of XXXX associated with two different intermittent wound infusion regimens following surgical ductus ligation in preterm @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['local anesthetic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['EDIN pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The results of a randomized comparison study (N9741) showed that @entity901 and infusional @entity1487 (FU) (FOLFOX) was superior to the previous standard of care in the United States, @entity2600 and bolus FU (IFL), as first-line therapy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity694 . The trade-offs between costs and survival for these two regimens have not been explored. METHODS: A post-hoc, incremental cost-effectiveness (ICE) projection using simulated cohorts of @entity1 starting FOLFOX or IFL was tracked for major clinical events, @entity137 , and survival. Recurrence and survival risks were based on clinical trial data. Resource use was projected using observed dose intensity, duration of therapy, delays in therapy, and @entity137 Grade > 2 in N9741. The frequency, costs, and consequences of second-line therapy were examined. The time frame was 5 years, and the perspective was that of Medicare as a third-party payer. RESULTS: Initial treatment with FOLFOX versus IFL had an average incremental cost of dollars 29,523, a survival benefit of 4.4 months, and an ICE of dollars 80,410 per life year (LY), dollars 111,890 per quality-adjusted LY, and dollars 89,080 per progression-free year. By using the 95% confidence interval for the time to progression observed in N9741, the ICE associated with FOLFOX ranged from dollars 121,220 to dollars 59,250 per LY. In the clinical trial, dose delays and skipped doses were frequent. If progression-free @entity1 were treated without delay for the first year or lifetime, then the ICE for FOLFOX increased to dollars 117,910 and dollars 222,200 per LY, respectively. The ICE increased to dollars 84,780 per LY when the model incorporated a revised IFL schedule with lower early @entity137 and similar rates of treatment with second-line regimens. CONCLUSIONS: FOLFOX provided substantial benefits that incurred substantial additional costs. The ICE for FOLFOX fell into the upper range of commonly accepted oncology interventions in the context of the United States healthcare system.

title: Cost-effectiveness projections of @entity901 and infusional @entity1487 versus @entity2600 and bolus XXXX in first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 and multimorbidity are increasingly common among @entity1 in working age. This study explores the impact of type, number and combinations of @entity102 with focus on the role of MSKD on (1) adverse work status (i.e. @entity717 ( @entity717 ), economic unemployment (UE) or receiving a living allowance (LA)) and on (2) the occurrence of sick leave. METHODS: Subjects participating in a Dutch household survey, who were <= 65  years and could have paid work, provided data on socio-demographics and nine physician diagnosed @entity102 . To explore the independent association of each @entity102 , of multimorbidity and of MSKD in context of multimorbidity with 1) work status (employed, @entity717 , LA, UE) and 2) sick leave (SL) in those employed, multinomial logistic regressions and logistic regressions were used, respectively. RESULTS: Among 5396 subjects, MSKD was the most common morbidity (17%), multimorbidity occurred in 755/5396 (14%), 436/755 (61%) of subjects with multimorbidity had an MSKD. For MSKD the odds of @entity717 , LA and UE were 2.06 [95% CI 1.56;2.71], 2.15[1.18;3.91] and 1.35[0.94;1.96], respectively, compared to being employed and the odds of SL in MSKD were 2.29[1.92;2.73]. @entity1032 had a stronger impact on all these outcomes. The odds for adverse work outcomes increased strongly with an increasing number of diseases. When an MSKD was part of multimorbidity, an additional impact on the association with @entity717 and SL was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Multimorbidity has a stronger impact on all work outcomes compared to single @entity102 . The presence of the MSKD in the context of multimorbidity amplifies the chance of @entity717 or SL.

title: Work outcome in XXXX with musculoskeletal diseases: comparison with other @entity102 _ the role of musculoskeletal diseases in multimorbidity.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental diseases']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic diseases', 'chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity453 is a major cause of illness and @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity1252 , but little is known about the prevalence, extent, and causes of coronary-artery @entity731 . METHODS: We used electron-beam computed tomography to screen for the presence of @entity729 in 65 @entity1 with @entity1252 (mean [+/-SD] age, 40.3+/-11.6 years) and 69 control subjects (mean age, 42.7+/-12.6 years) with no history of @entity453 . When @entity730 was detected, the extent was measured by means of the Agatston score. The frequency of risk factors for @entity453 was compared in @entity1 and controls, and the relation between the @entity1 ' clinical characteristics and the presence or absence of @entity729 was examined. RESULTS: The two groups were similar with respect to age, race, and sex. @entity729 was more frequent in @entity1 with lupus (20 of 65 @entity1 ) than in control subjects (6 of 69 subjects) (P=0.002). The mean @entity730 score was 68.9+/-244.2 in the @entity1 and 8.8+/-41.8 (P<0.001) in controls. Levels of total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 were not elevated in @entity1 with lupus, but levels of @entity1674 (P=0.02) and @entity1255 (P<0.001) were. Among @entity1 with lupus, measures of disease activity were similar in those with and those without @entity729 , but those with @entity730 were more likely to be older (P<0.001) and male (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1252 , the prevalence of coronary-artery @entity731 is elevated and the age at onset is reduced. Early detection of @entity731 may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.

title: Premature coronary-artery @entity731 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary-artery calcification', 'Coronary-artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'Premature coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Opportunistic invasive @entity364 (IFIs) have changed. Moreover, a significantly greater therapeutic armamentarium is now available, with liposomal @entity2379 ( @entity19095 ) administered in new ways, for example in higher doses, in combination with other compounds or inhaled. The objective of this study was to review these three aspects. The AmBiLoad study was designed to clarify whether higher doses of @entity19095 could be more efficacious than the licensed dose of 3-5 mg/kg. It was a multicentric study where @entity1 were randomised to receive a 14-day course of 3 mg/kg/day or 10 mg/kg/day @entity19095 . A total of 339 @entity1 were enrolled during the study period (April 2003 to October 2004). Discontinuation of treatment, mainly due to adverse events, was frequent (13% in the standard dose group vs. 24% in the high dose group), and only 66% and 50%, respectively, completed 14 days of randomised treatment. There was no statistically significant difference with regard to favourable overall responses between the treatment groups (50% in the standard dose group vs. 46% in the high dose group; P = 0.65). In addition, there was no significant difference according to type of IFI ( @entity3 , 50% vs. 46% in the standard and high dose groups, respectively). The obvious conclusion of this study was that administration of 10 mg/kg/day @entity19095 to @entity1 with IFI does not improve efficacy but increases @entity137 and price. In vitro and experimental data suggest that the combination of @entity11015 with other antifungal agents may be more effective than monotherapy; however, data regarding the clinical efficacy of @entity19095 in combination with other agents are scarce. The use of inhaled @entity19095 has shown promising results for use as antifungal prophylaxis in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Treatment of invasive XXXX in immunocompromised and transplant @entity1 : AmBiLoad trial and other new data.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: The widely used generic @entity1 -completed measures of health status were developed in the USA or the UK. Few Eastern European versions of these measures have been produced and these have used questionable translation methodologies. Clinical trials now commonly include @entity1 from Eastern Europe and require the use of @entity1 -completed instruments. The absence of such instruments led to the development of a Hungarian version of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). The adaptation process employed (translation, field-testing and psychometric assessment) also served as a test of whether the standardised rigorous methodology used for adapting the NHP could be applied in Eastern Europe. Few problems were found in producing a conceptually equivalent @entity283 that was acceptable to interviewees. Reliability and internal consistency of the @entity283 were comparable to other language versions. The measure also correlated as expected with perceived @entity717 , general health, disease severity and rating of day. This successful adaptation confirms the value of the methodology applied. The @entity283 will be invaluable as an outcome measure in both clinical and health economic trials and (in the absence of a generic quality of life instrument) as a comparator instrument for the validation of future Hungarian adaptations of disease-specific quality of life instruments.

title: Establishing a standard for XXXX -completed instrument adaptations in Eastern Europe: experience with the Nottingham Health Profile in Hungary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Hungarian NHP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: A 28-year-old @entity1 presented with progressive @entity1032 . Thirteen years earlier he had undergone radiation therapy for a @entity979 . Neuroimaging showed a homogeneously enhanced @entity66 along the ventricular wall. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was high. Endoscopic biopsy revealed that the @entity5 was a two-cell pattern @entity3438 . The diagnosis was @entity3438 with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells (STGC). He first received three cycles of chemotherapy with @entity3003 and @entity2879 and then two cycles with @entity1260 , @entity900 , and etoposide. Subsequently, the @entity5 size decreased markedly and the CSF level of HCG returned to normal. However, he died 22 months after the recurrence. Histological verification and measurement of @entity5 markers are necessary for the optimum treatment of @entity2971 . Adequate initial chemotherapy and long-term follow up are essential for @entity1 with @entity3438 with STGC.

title: Germinoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells recurring 13 years after radiotherapy for a XXXX --case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal germinoma']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma']

answer: @entity979 :: (MESH:D010871,Disease) :: ['pineal germinoma']


abstract: @entity174 of the tibial eminence are rare, accounting for less than 1% of the injuries involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Most agree that nondisplaced @entity174 can be managed nonoperatively, but debate exists over the ideal treatment of displaced @entity174 . This systematic review evaluates the outcome of nonoperatively and operatively managed displaced @entity174 . The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried. Inclusion criteria included reported outcomes of displaced @entity174 , minimum 2-year follow-up, and English language. Outcomes reported were pooled and included the following: clinical instability (Lachman/anterior drawer, pivot shift, and KT 1000), @entity1 -reported @entity158 and/or instability, return to sport, Lysholm, Tegner, and the need for ACL reconstruction. Comparison was made in the outcomes of nonoperatively and operatively treated @entity174 and between suture and screw fixation techniques. Overall 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled mean age was 23 years and mean follow-up was 35 months. Clinical instability was seen in 70% of nonoperatively treated @entity1 and 14% of operatively treated @entity1 (p   <   0.0001). @entity1 -reported instability was higher in nonoperatively treated @entity1 (54 vs. 1.2%, p   <   0.0001), as was the rate of ACL reconstruction (10 vs. 1.0%, p   =   0.036). In comparing suture fixation to screw fixation, @entity1 -reported instability and the rate of ACL reconstruction were equivalent. @entity1 treated with screw fixation had a higher incidence of clinically measured instability (Lachman and KT arthrometer) and an increased rate of hardware removal (3.9 vs. 64.9%, p   <   0.05). Surgically managed @entity1 report less instability, are higher functioning, and require fewer ACL reconstructions when compared with nonoperatively treated @entity1 . Suture fixation was associated with improvements in clinical measures of stability and decreased need for hardware removal; however, @entity1 perception of stability and need for ACL reconstruction was no different between the two treatment methods.

title: Treatment of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'tibial eminence fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial eminence fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise-based @entity299 ( @entity299 ) on the fragmented QRS (fQRS) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS: Ninety-seven @entity1 with @entity583 participated @entity299 and 81 @entity1 as a control group were included to the study. The trained @entity1 were grouped according to the presence and persistence of QRS fragmentation on the electrocardiogram (ECG) before and after @entity299 . If the fragmentation was present on the ECG at the beginning of the @entity299 but not on the ECG at the end of @entity299 ; the transient group, if the fQRS persists after @entity299 ; the persistent fQRS group. ECGs obtained from the control group were grouped according to the presence of a fQRS on ECG. RESULTS: Among the trained @entity1 , 45 (46%) did not have a fQRS before @entity299 , whereas 52 (54%) presented a fQRS before @entity299 , which was persistent in 35 @entity1 (the persistent fQRS group) and transient in 17 @entity1 (the transient fQRS group). Among 81 @entity1 included in the control group, fQRS was persistent in 41 @entity1 . Presence of fQRS on the ECG was significantly decreased with @entity299 and it is better in trained group than the control group (P = .034). There were not significant correlations with other characteristics, except @entity101 . CONCLUSION: The existence of the fQRS decreases after @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity583 especially in @entity101 individuals, which may be related to improved electrical stability in the myocardium as a predictor of increase in survival and decrease in major @entity299 .

title: Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves the QRS Fragmentation in XXXX With ST Elevat  on @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CR', 'cardiac events', 'cardiac rehabilitation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In this study, we investigate the toxic effects of @entity5303 on some hematological factors of the @entity7136 @entity7136 , such as white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. At first, LC50 of @entity1953 in @entity7136 was measured during 96 h after exposure. Also, physicochemical parameters of water including pH, dissolved @entity26 , viscosity, temperature, and conductivity were monitored, continuously. The results showed that LC50 values of @entity1953 in @entity7136 were 327 and 328 mg/L in two replicates, respectively. Then, the changes in some hematological factors in the five treatment groups placed under concentration of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/L @entity1953 were compared with the control group. Based on hematological tests conducted in this research, exposure of @entity7136 to 500- and 300-mg/L concentrations of @entity1953 in 48 h showed significant difference (p<0.05) in white blood cell count. The concentration of 500 mg/L @entity1953 in 24 h showed a significant difference in the amount of hemoglobin, number of red blood cells, and hematocrit level as compared with the control group. The concentration of 100 mg/L @entity1953 in 48 h did not show a significant difference in comparison with the control group (p>0.05). Also, the concentration of 500 mg/L @entity1953 in 24 h showed a significant difference in the amount of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin as compared with the control group and other treatments. Also, the percentage of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in a concentration of 200 mg/L @entity1953 in 24 h showed a significant difference as compared with the control group and other treatments.

title: Toxic effects of @entity5303 on hematological factors of XXXX ( @entity7136 ).

entities_list: @entity5303 :: ('MESH:C018021', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalt chloride']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp', 'Cyprinus carpio', 'C. carpio']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['common carp']


abstract: The objective of this study is to examine whether @entity1223 -releasing molecules (CORMs) can decrease the generation of excessive reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in cardiac mitochondria, thereby protecting against postresuscitation @entity296 and cardiac @entity2383 after resuscitation in a @entity35 model of @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ), and further investigated the underlying mechanism. @entity35 suffered 8 minutes of untreated @entity2224 and resuscitation and were randomized into the control group with vehicle infusion and the CORM group with CO-releasing molecule 2 ( @entity15275 ) treatment. Animals in the Sham group were instrumented without induced @entity2224 and resuscitation. Effects of @entity15275 on cardiac function, myocardial oxidative stress, cardiac mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial ROS generation were assessed. Moreover, to further evaluate the direct effect of @entity15275 on cardiac mitochondria isolated from resuscitated @entity35 , we measured mitochondrial function and ROS generation when isolated cardiac mitochondria were directly incubated with different concentrations of ( @entity15275 ). Compared with the Sham group, the control and CORM groups demonstrated @entity299 , increased @entity296 , and aggravated @entity2383 . @entity15275 improved cardiac performance and attenuated @entity296 and oxidative stress in resuscitated @entity35 . Additionally, animals with @entity15275 treatment showed the decreased generation of cardiac mitochondrial ROS, alleviated @entity2383 , and preserved mitochondrial function and complex activities when compared with the control group. In isolated cardiac mitochondria incubated with @entity15275 , low concentrations of @entity15275 (20  mol/L) mildly uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, leading to reduced mitochondrial ROS production. In contrast, high concentrations of @entity15275 (60  mol/L) resulted in the reverse effect presumably due to its excessive uncoupling action. These findings suggest that @entity15275 attenuates oxidative stress of the heart and improves cardiac function after resuscitation. The mechanism was probably that CO, the product of @entity15275 , reduces the production of cardiac mitochondrial ROS and thereby attenuates mitochondrial @entity66 during the postresuscitation period, due to the transient uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration.

title: XXXX -Releasing Molecules Attenuate Postresuscitation @entity296 and Protect Cardiac Mitochondrial Function by Reducing the Production of Mitochondrial Reactive @entity26 Species in a @entity35 Model of Cardiac Arrest.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury and dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction', 'mitochondrial injury', 'mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity1223 :: (MESH:D002248,Chemical) :: ['Carbon Monoxide']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that @entity13563 ( @entity13563 ) requires chromatin repression as well as relaxation at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). @entity12061 and @entity16722 are repressive factors essential for @entity13563 . Here, we identify @entity32772 as an additional compacting factor promoting @entity13563 . Depletion of @entity12061 , SUV39, @entity32772 or @entity5345 confer identical phenotypes. The repressive factors, like @entity5345 , are dispensable for the initiation of resection but promote the extension step causing diminished RPA or @entity6545 foci and @entity13563 in irradiated G2 cells. Depletion of the compacting factors does not inhibit @entity5345 recruitment but at 8 h post IR, @entity5345 foci are smaller and aberrantly positioned compared to control cells. @entity5345 promotes @entity15664 repositioning to the periphery of enlarged foci and formation of a devoid core with @entity5345 becoming enlarged and localized internally to @entity15664 . Depletion of the compacting factors precludes these changes at irradiation-induced foci. Thus, the repressive factors are required for @entity5345 function in promoting the repositioning of @entity15664 during @entity13563 . Additionally, depletion of these repressive factors in undamaged cells causes diminished sister chromatid association at centromeric sequences. We propose a model for how these findings may be functionally linked.

title: @entity32772 , @entity12061 and SUV39 promote repositioning of @entity15664 to extend resection during XXXX in G2 cells.

entities_list: @entity13563 :: ('MESH:C535296', 'Disease') :: ['homologous recombination', 'HR']

answer: @entity13563 :: (MESH:C535296,Disease) :: ['homologous recombination']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Some studies have shown that post-tympanostomy tube @entity2972 (PTTO) is a common complication after tympanostomy tube insertion. There are wide range of controversies about the incidence of PTTO and different methods of preventive treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of early PTTO in persistent @entity2346 media with effusion in our centers. We also investigated the effect of preventive treatments on the incidence of early PTTO in @entity1 with persistent @entity2346 media with effusion. This multi-central study comprised 536 ears belonging to @entity1 with @entity2346 media and effusion for at least 3 months, referred for complications arising from post-tympanostomy tube insertion. The @entity1 were randomly divided into three treatment and control groups. In the first group of @entity1 , the @entity2172 was irrigated with isotonic saline after myringotomy. The second group received oral @entity115 three times a day for 7  days postoperatively. The third group had similar treatment as the second group, in addition to topical @entity2177 drop, 4 drops three times a day for 3  days after operation. The control group did not undergo any treatment. Early post-tympanostomy tube @entity2972 was detected in 6 ears (1.1  %), including 3 (2.2  %) from the control group and 3 (2.3  %) from the first group. There was no statistically significant difference in early PTTO between integrated treatment groups and control group (P  =  0.111). As the total rate of early post-tympanostomy tube @entity2972 was very low, there was no significant difference between the 3 treatment groups and control group. Our study did not support the routine use of preventive therapy. A period of at least 3  months watchful waiting before tympanostomy tube insertion may help reduce the incidence of PTTO.

title: The rationale for preventive treatments for early post-tympanostomy tube XXXX in persistent @entity2346 media with effusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cavity']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

answer: @entity2972 :: (MESH:D002558,Disease) :: ['otorrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The contribution of salt intake to the pathogenesis of @entity101 holds longstanding interest. Recent studies employed the sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) to salt intake as an intermediate phenotype. The validity of this approach relative to the homogeneity of @entity1372 -sensitive @entity101 was investigated while simultaneously controlling multiple putative factors. METHODS: Blood pressure responses to shifts in salt intake were measured in 274 individuals with essential @entity101 in steady-state @entity1372 balance on high (200 mEq) and low (10 mEq) @entity1372 intakes. Univariate and multivariate analyses predicted systolic and diastolic @entity1372 sensitivity based on interactions among demographic factors (age, gender, race, body mass index) and @entity101 type [low- @entity916 (LR), modulator (M), non-modulator (NM)]. RESULTS: The influence of @entity101 type on @entity299 ( @entity299 ) depended on gender (P = 0.03). In females, highest @entity299 was in LR (21, 14, 13 mmHg for LR, M, NM, P = 0.02), while in males highest @entity299 was in NM (11, 10, 16 mmHg for LR, M, NM, P = 0.07). Age predicted @entity299 without interacting with other factors, producing a 2.4 mmHg increase per decade (P = 0.02). @entity101 type affected @entity15071 ( @entity15071 ) (P = 0.002) without interacting with other factors. M had less @entity15071 (6 mmHg) than LR (9 mmHg) and NM (11 mmHg) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: For subjects in @entity1372 balance, the distributions of @entity299 and @entity15071 were unimodal and the mechanisms mediating @entity299 and @entity15071 were different. Controlling for multiple demographic factors, at least two @entity101 types have largest BP responses to @entity1372 intake, reducing the usefulness of blood pressure sensitivity to salt intake as an intermediate phenotype.

title: Controlled analysis of blood pressure sensitivity to @entity1372 intake: interactions with XXXX type.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['SSS', 'systolic salt sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity15071 :: ('MESH:C563897', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'diastolic salt sensitivity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the convergence of five rare phenotypic features in a @entity1 with @entity11157 referred for reproductive endocrinology evaluation. DESIGN: Case report and literature review. SETTING: Major urban @entity249 referral center. @entity1 (S): A 24-year-old nulligravida with @entity31960 ( @entity31960 ), @entity11157 , unilateral @entity43 , septate uterus, and de novo balanced autosomal translocation. INTERVENTION(S): High-resolution chromosomal evaluation, radiographic study of reproductive organs, and assessment of endogenous @entity172 production. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity1 counseling regarding future reproductive options (i.e., donor oocyte in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer), and satisfactory management of hypoestrogenism using oral contraceptives. RESULT(S): We identified a balanced reciprocal translocation 46,XX t(8;9)(q22.1;p24.1), and confirmed unilateral @entity43 with midline intrauterine septum. CONCLUSION(S): Although genetic factors considered contributory to @entity11157 usually involve the X chromosome, in our @entity1 a previously undescribed autosomal translocation was identified in association with @entity31960 , a rare @entity455 . The fundamental role of follicular oxygenation in oocyte competence and subsequent ovarian function is discussed. From the clinical and laboratory findings evident in this unusual case, a developmental hypothesis connecting the vascular abnormalities of @entity31960 and @entity11157 is offered.

title: First reported convergence of @entity11157 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian agenesis']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity31960 :: ('MESH:C536226', 'Disease') :: ['cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita', 'CMTC']

answer: @entity31960 :: (MESH:C536226,Disease) :: ['cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study compared transsphenoidal (TS) and transfrontal (TF) approaches to @entity976 utilizing a national database. METHODS: The Kids' Inpatient Database (2003, 2006, and 2009) was surveyed for @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity976 who underwent a subset of surgical interventions to compare TS and TF surgery. Demographics, hospital variables, and complications/comorbidities were analyzed with multivariate regression. RESULTS: 314 admissions (TS = 104, TF = 210) were identified. The mean age was 14.8 (TS) versus 9.8 (TF) years (p < 0.001). The mean number of diagnoses was 4.6 (TS) versus 6.2 (TF) (p < 0.001). @entity2010 was associated with 38% (TS) and 69% (TF). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak affected 19% TS and 4% TF resections. Other complications and comorbidities included @entity64 (2% TS vs. 5% TF), @entity7961 (5 vs. 8%), @entity204 (0 vs. 1%), @entity129 (1 vs. 6%), @entity715 events (7 vs. 17%), and @entity410 (0 vs. 12%). 98% of @entity1 were discharged home after a mean 6-day length of stay (LOS) after TS, whereas 90% of TF @entity1 had a LOS of 12 days. TS cases were more likely to be privately insured (68%) and from higher income brackets (61%) than TF ones (56 and 2%, respectively) (p < 0.05). In multivariate regression models adjusting for age, sex, race, number of diagnoses, surgical approach, hospital volume, and insurance type, the TS approach was associated with an increased incidence of CSF leak (OR 10, p < 0.001). More documented diagnoses (OR 16-60, p < 0.01) and TF approach (OR 2.6, p < 0.01) were associated with an increased incidence of other complications and comorbidities. Age younger than 10 (b-coefficient 2.3, p = 0.01), more diagnoses (b-coefficient 1.2, p < 0.001), and TF approach (b- coefficient 3.0, p < 0.01) were associated with increased LOS. A higher number of diagnoses were associated with nonhome discharge destinations (b-coefficient 1.29, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TS surgery was associated with an increased incidence of CSF leak but shorter LOS; TF surgery was associated with an increased incidence of other complications. @entity1 undergoing TS surgery were more likely to have private insurance and a higher family income bracket.

title: Transfrontal and Transsphenoidal Approaches to XXXX : A National Perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Craniopharyngioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of axial T2 , T2*, and T1    mapping of lumbar facet joint (LFJ) cartilage for evaluation of @entity528 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined a total of 176 LFJs from 21 volunteers using axial T2 , T2*, and T1    mapping with a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. All LFJs were measured and grouped according to the presence of @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ), the Weishaupt grading system, and the Pfirrmann grade of the adjacent intervertebral disk (IVD). T2 , T2*, and T1    values were analyzed and compared among the different groups. RESULTS: Low interobserver agreement was found in the Weishaupt grading of LFJs (k   =   0.161). The T1    values of LFJs were significantly different between adjacent two Pfirrmann grade of disks (grade I 50.15        3.63 msec / grade II 53.27        3.80 msec, P   =   0.002; grade II 53.27        3.80 msec / grade III 58.40        4.17 msec, P   <   0.01), and in different Weishaupt grades of LFJs (P   =   0.000). T2* values were only found significantly different between Pfirrmann grade I and III of disks (P   =   0.048). There was no significant difference in T2 values of LFJs whatever in Pfirrmann (P   =   0.556) or Weishaupt grades (P   =   0.694). No significant difference was found in T2 , T2*, and T1    values between volunteers with @entity1643 and without @entity1643 (PT2    =   0.783, PT2*=0.311, PT1      =   0.259). CONCLUSION: Axial T1    could be an effective and sensitive method to assess for early degenerative changes in LFJ cartilage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.

title: Feasibility study for evaluating early lumbar XXXX using axial T1   , T2 , and T2* mapping in cartilage.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['early degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['facet joint degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-dose @entity440 has had disappointing results as a palliative therapy in recurrent @entity11 . @entity442 ( @entity442 ) is a thyroid hormone modulated naturally occurring antagonist of @entity440 -induced @entity137 . Thyroid function was suppressed to reduce @entity442 levels in @entity11 @entity1 and high-dose @entity440 administered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity5652 was used to induce @entity1375 in 22 @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 . @entity440 was started within one month and given in escalating doses from 40 mg twice a day up to 80 mg 3 times a day. No significant @entity137 developed. RESULTS: Eleven out of 22 @entity1 became @entity1375 . No @entity1 experienced symptoms of clinical @entity1375 . Median survival was significantly longer in the @entity1375 group (10.1 months versus 3.1 months); p = 0.03. There was a significant decrease in blood levels of @entity442 (p = 0.02). in @entity1375 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 treated for recurrent high-grade @entity11 with high-dose @entity440 had significantly longer survival when @entity1375 was induced with @entity5652 .

title: XXXX -induced @entity1375 with high-dose @entity440 prolongs survival in recurrent high grade @entity11 : a phase I/II study.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['chemical hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['propylthiouracil', 'Propylthiouracil']

answer: @entity5652 :: (MESH:D011441,Chemical) :: ['Propylthiouracil']


abstract: Purpose: To determine the effects of chromosome 1 genotype and cigarette smoking on levels of complement activation and @entity32 in the @entity1 macula. Methods: Donor macular tissue was stratified into three groups by diplotype at the @entity13785 -associated @entity4050 -to- @entity35871 locus: homozygous "risk" (n = 9, 56-78 years), homozygous neutral (n = 2, 64-79 years), and homozygous "protective" (n = 6, 61-78 years) diplotype. Importantly, all donors were homozygous nonrisk at the @entity28250 / @entity13588 locus, so that purely chromosome 1-directed pathways were examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using 14 antibodies, mostly against markers of complement and @entity32 , followed by confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence quantification (all masked to donor status). Results: Donors homozygous risk at @entity4050 -to- @entity35871 exhibited significantly higher levels of terminal complement complex (TCC) in macular Bruch's membrane (BM; P = 0.03), choriocapillaris (CC; P = 0.04), and choriocapillaris intercapillary septa (CC IS; P = 0.03), compared to homozygous protected donors. Smoking was associated with increased TCC in BM (P = 0.05), CC IS (P = 0.03), and @entity3193 ( @entity3193 ; P = 0.01), and with substantially elevated @entity1851 (CRP) levels in RPE (P = 0.04), BM (P = 0.01), CC (P = 0.05), and @entity3193 (P = 0.05). Smoking was associated with higher levels of oxidative stress in macular RPE (P = 0.04) and @entity3193 (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Genetic risk at the @entity4050 -to- @entity35871 locus was associated with higher levels of complement activation at the @entity1 macular RPE-choroid interface, as was cigarette smoking. Levels of CRP were substantially elevated in risk donors with smoking history. Examination of @entity1 macular tissue from donors with "pure" diplotypes allows assessment of @entity13785 -associated pathways driven solely by @entity4050 -to- @entity35871 . These findings have important implications for identifying chromosome 1-directed pathways and therapeutic targets.

title: Assessment of Proteins Associated With Complement Activation and Inflammation in Maculae of XXXX Donors Homozygous Risk at Chromosome 1 @entity4050 -to- @entity35871 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'choroidal stroma']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity6008 are typically wounds that do not heal at a normal rate. @entity73 appears to be due to primary microvascular changes and it is aggravated by ongoing bacteria-driven @entity1333 . The various cytokines identified in experimental wounds are also present in leg @entity1066 . @entity7 is strongly implicated as a promoter of blood vessel growth in @entity1 with @entity66 . In addition, there is good evidence of increased expression of @entity540 , @entity2533 , and PDGF in @entity4165 . All of these growth factors are involved in wound healing. Upregulated @entity2533 is probably one of the main causes of the @entity82 observed in @entity4165 . In leg @entity1066 , cytokines appear to be trapped in the perivascular fibrinoid deposits. It is not the nature and amount of cytokines that are inadequate in leg @entity1066 , but rather their spatial distribution. @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) are resident factor XIIIa-enriched macrophages. They likely play a role in tissue repair when boosted adequately. New therapies aiming at helping the release of cytokines by @entity7674 apparently promote and improve the healing phase.

title: Deciphering the impaired cytokine cascades in XXXX (review).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'Dermal dendrocytes']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired healing']

entities_list: @entity4165 :: ('MESH:C537026', 'Disease') :: ['lipodermatosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic leg ulcers']

answer: @entity6008 :: (MESH:D007871,Disease) :: ['chronic leg ulcers']


abstract: Despite considerable advances in our understanding of teleost immunity, relatively few cytokine genes, including those for interferon (IFN), have been identified at the molecular level. In contrast, numerous studies have shown that following virus infection or exposure to double-stranded RNA, fish or fish cells produce a soluble factor that is functionally similar to @entity1 IFN. A putative catfish (CF) IFN cDNA was identified by BLASTX screening of a catfish EST library generated from a mixed lymphocyte culture enriched for NK-like cells. Consistent with its designation as a putative cytokine cDNA, the 3' non-translated region contained multiple copies of an RNA instability motif. Analysis of the deduced @entity535 sequence of CF IFN showed low levels of identity/similarity to a panel of @entity1 and avian IFN proteins, and markedly higher similarity to a recently identified @entity3392 IFN. To determine if the identified cDNA encoded CF IFN, expression was monitored following infection of @entity4576 ovary (CCO) cells with UV-inactivated catfish reovirus or exposure to double-stranded RNA, treatments which induce IFN or IFN-like activity in catfish and other species. In both cases, upregulation of putative CF IFN mRNA was detected. Moreover, upregulation of CF IFN mRNA was accompanied by the appearance of an antiviral factor in the culture medium. To confirm these results, recombinant CF IFN was synthesized in COS-7 cells and shown to have antiviral activity in CCO cells. Collectively, these results argue strongly that the identified catfish cDNA is an IFN homolog.

title: Identification of a cDNA encoding XXXX interferon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['channel catfish']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['channel catfish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infectious illnesses such as @entity683 and @entity294 are leading causes of absenteeism among Danish school @entity1 . Interventions in school settings addressing hand hygiene have shown to reduce the number of infectious illnesses. However, most of these studies include small populations and almost none of them are conducted as randomized controlled trials. The overall aim of the Hi Five study was to develop, implement and evaluate a multi-component school-based intervention to improve hand hygiene and well-being and to reduce the prevalence of @entity281 among school @entity1 in intervention schools by 20% compared to control schools. This paper describes the development and the evaluation design of Hi Five. METHODS/DESIGN: The Hi Five study was designed as a tree-armed cluster-randomized controlled trial. A national random sample of schools (n   =   44) was randomized to one of two intervention groups (n   =   29) or to a control group with no intervention (n   =   15). A total of 8,438 six to fifteen-year-old school @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The Hi Five intervention consisted of three components: 1) a curriculum component 2) mandatory daily hand washing before lunch 3) extra cleaning of school toilets during the school day. Baseline data was collected from December 2011 to April 2012. The intervention period was August 2012 to June 2013. The follow-up data was collected from December 2012 to April 2013. DISCUSSION: The Hi Five study fills a gap in international research. This large randomized multi-component school-based hand hygiene intervention is the first to include education on healthy and appropriate toilet behavior as part of the curriculum. No previous studies have involved supplementary cleaning at the school toilets as an intervention component. The study will have the added value of providing new knowledge about usability of @entity851 ( @entity851 , text message) for collecting data on @entity166 and absenteeism in large study populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN19287682 , 21 December 2012.

title: The Hi Five study: design of a school-based randomized trial to reduce XXXX and improve hygiene and well-being among 6-15 year olds in Denmark.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short message service', 'SMS']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious illness']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether an antenatal teaching session on position and attachment of the baby on the breast had an effect on postnatal @entity158 , @entity130 and breast feeding duration. The study was planned as a pilot study to allow an adequate sample size to be calculated for a larger study. DESIGN: An observer blind experimental design was used. @entity1 were randomly assigned to either the experimental group teaching session or the control group. SETTING: One public hospital in Western Australia. @entity1 : 70 primiparae who intended to breast feed their baby were recruited from the antenatal clinic of the study hospital at 36 weeks' gestation. INTERVENTION: Antenatal group sessions on position and attachment of the baby on the breast were conducted by a lactation consultant. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS: During the first four postnatal days, position and attachment was measured by LATCH (Latch on, Audible swallow, Type of nipple, Comfort and Help) (Jensen et al 1994), @entity158 was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and @entity130 was measured by the @entity130 Index (NTI). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results indicated that the @entity1 in the experimental group were better able to attach the baby on the breast and had significantly less @entity158 and @entity130 than the control group. At six weeks postnatally, 31 of the 35 @entity1 in the experimental group were breast feeding compared to 10 of the 35 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These initial findings suggest that midwives can make the best use of decreasing resources by using practical 'hands on' antenatal group teaching as an effective strategy to increase breast feeding rates.

title: Positive effects of an antenatal group teaching session on postnatal XXXX , @entity130 and breast feeding rates.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['nipple trauma', 'trauma', 'Nipple Trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nipple pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['nipple pain']


abstract: Changes in relative left-to-right lung blood flow ratios were followed as an index of @entity1317 in left-hemithorax-irradiated @entity35 . Single doses of 11 to 21 Gy gamma radiation resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in relative blood flow to the irradiated lung from 3 to 5 weeks after exposure during the development of @entity55 . Blood flow returned to near normal by 5 weeks after lower doses (11-13.5 Gy). After a single dose of 15 Gy the left-to-right blood flow ratio recovered to 75% of normal at 12 weeks and leveled off. Following 18 Gy irradiation a second period of reduced flow began 16 weeks after exposure. After 21 Gy irradiation flow to the irradiated side remained low for 1 year after exposure. @entity35 that received a single dose of 18 Gy to the left hemithorax were also treated with one or two of the following drugs: @entity3371 , @entity7782 , @entity619 , @entity6566 , @entity2361 , or @entity2544 . @entity619 was most effective at preventing the decrease in blood flow to the irradiated lung when treatment was continued through the @entity55 period and dose was not tapered until 8 weeks after radiation exposure. All other drugs and drug combinations were, for the most part, virtually ineffective after the @entity55 period. There was a relatively poor correlation with earlier vascular permeability surface area product studies. This suggests that endothelial damage, as well as damage to other cell types, contributes to the development of post-irradiation @entity82 in the lung.

title: Vascular response to radiation injury in the XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7782 :: ('MESH:D003533', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproheptadine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular radiation injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of two doses of @entity560 given over 1 year on bone density in ambulatory @entity1 on long-term antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. METHODS: We conducted two parallel, randomized, controlled trials in 72 adults (18 to 54 years old) and 78 @entity1 and adolescents (10 to 18 years) on long-term AED therapy. They received either low-dose @entity560 400 IU/day or high-dose @entity560 4,000 IU/day (adults) and 2,000 IU/day ( @entity1 /adolescents). @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: In adults, baseline @entity79 was lower than that of age- and gender-matched controls vs either a Western or an ethnically identical population. After 1 year, there were significant increases in @entity79 at all skeletal sites compared to baseline in the high-, but not in the low-dose treatment group. However, @entity79 at 1 year remained below normal. In @entity1 , baseline @entity79 was normal vs age- and gender-matched controls and showed significant and comparable increases in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: In ambulatory adults on antiepileptic drugs, high-dose @entity560 therapy substantially increased bone mineral density at several skeletal sites. In @entity1 , both doses resulted in comparable increases in bone mass.

title: Two randomized XXXX trials in ambulatory patients on anticonvulsants: impact on bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Events that occur early after transplantation, particularly immune recognition of allo-endothelium, initiate @entity455 ( @entity455 ). Previous work suggests an important compromise of endothelial integrity as the allo-immune milieu evolves, although mechanisms by which integrity is altered remain unclear. Increased vascular permeability caused by endothelial damage may allow inflammatory cells, lipoproteins, other proteins, and plasma fluid to enter the sub-endothelial space, thereby contributing to the initiation of @entity731 . In this study, we examined endothelial integrity in coronary arteries and the proximal aorta after cardiac transplantation in @entity35 . METHODS: We used Lewis-to-Lewis and Lewis-to-F344 @entity35 heterotopic cardiac transplant models. We studied the effects of @entity205 (5mg/kg/day) therapy compared with saline-treated controls. En face @entity7292 staining was performed to demonstrate endothelial cell borders and gaps. We used scanning electron microscopy to extend @entity7292 findings and to further define the presence and nature of endothelial disruptions. We used transmission electron microscopy to further characterize immune cell identity and interaction with endothelium. RESULTS: Syngrafts and @entity205 -treated allografts showed normal-looking endothelium similar to that observed in arteries from native hearts. However, saline-treated allografts displayed progressive endothelial destruction, including large intercellular gaps, missing cells, and areas of bare extracellular matrix. Exfoliated surfaces were covered by platelets at various stages of adhesion, activation, and spreading. Similarly, we observed numerous leukocytes as either adherent to the endothelial lining or transmigrating into the sub-endothelial space. Cessation of @entity205 therapy was associated with the development of similar abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that, especially when immunosuppression is insufficient, early endothelial damage may promote vascular permeability and thereby initiate @entity455 .

title: Ultrastructural evidence of early endothelial damage in coronary arteries of XXXX cardiac allografts.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['transplant vascular disease', 'TVD']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate how much education midwives in Sweden have undertaken to help them assess @entity167 intake during pregnancy, and what tools they use to identify @entity1 who may be at risk of drinking during pregnancy. DESIGN: a national survey was conducted in March 2006, using a questionnaire constructed by a Swedish team of researchers and clinicians. SETTING: maternity health-care centres in Sweden. @entity1 : 2106 midwives. FINDINGS: nearly all midwives stated that they had excellent or good knowledge concerning the risks associated with drinking during pregnancy. They considered themselves less knowledgeable about detecting pregnant @entity1 with risky @entity167 consumption before pregnancy. The majority of the midwives had participated in some education in handling risky drinking. Almost half of the midwives assessed @entity1 's @entity167 intake before pregnancy. Important facilitators for increased activity concerned recommendations and decisions at different levels (national, local and management) on how to address @entity167 with expectant parents and work with risky drinkers. KEY CONCLUSIONS: more education was associated with more common use of a questionnaire for assessment of @entity1 's @entity167 intake before pregnancy, and more frequent counselling when identifying a pregnant @entity1 whose pre-pregnancy consumption was risky.

title: Approaches to assessment of @entity167 intake during pregnancy in Swedish maternity care--a national-based investigation into midwives' XXXX -related education, knowledge and practice.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'women', 'PARTICIPANT']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pediatric high-grade @entity11 are rare and occasionally hard to classify. These @entity5 often feature a well-demarcated histology and are expected to have a better outcome than ordinary diffuse high-grade @entity11 in adults. We herein report a case of circumscribed high-grade @entity11 that showed a distinct molecular profile and followed an excellent course for 26  years. The @entity1 , a 3-year-old @entity1 at onset, presented with a contrast-enhancing mass in the right temporal lobe and underwent resection. Histologically, the @entity5 mainly consisted of compact bundles of @entity538 -positive spindle cells. With its malignant features including brisk mitotic activity and pseudopallisading @entity39 , a diagnosis of high-grade @entity816 was made and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was administered. After a disease-free period of two decades, the @entity5 recurred locally. The resected @entity5 was histologically identical to the primary @entity5 and additionally contained pleomorphic cells, but lacked eosinophilic granular bodies and reticulin networks. The primary and recurrent @entity5 both harbored the @entity817 @entity8554 mutation, and the recurrent @entity5 was immunonegative for @entity8171 . Combined @entity817 and @entity8171 mutations are rare in @entity11 , with only a pediatric case of @entity463 being reported in the literature. However, our case cannot be regarded as @entity463 because of its well-demarcated histology and excellent course. The distinction of either a diffuse or localized nature in @entity11 is important, particularly in @entity1 , for predicting prognoses and selecting adjuvant therapies that consequently affect life-long health care. The present case provides novel insights into pediatric high-grade @entity816 .

title: A case of high-grade @entity816 with XXXX and @entity8171 mutations following a long-standing course over two decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: The functional status of @entity1 was determined during an acute attack of @entity565 requiring medical intervention. @entity1 were recruited during two months from general practice: all 28 @entity1 consulting for an @entity697 were invited to take part: four refused or were withdrawn from follow up. Matched control @entity1 with @entity565 , not suffering from an acute attack were selected from the practice file. @entity1 were investigated directly after the initial intervention and exactly 14 days later: respiratory symptoms, peak expiratory flow rates and functional status were recorded. In all cases the intervention resulted in the relief of symptoms and a return of peak expiratory flow to the normal predicted range for age, sex and height. After the 14 days, @entity1 had no longer evidence of an exacerbation of their @entity565 . During the attack, there were indications of reduced physical and psychological functions, and reduced daily and social activities. A difference was found in the functional profile of asthmatics with an @entity565 attack and asthmatics without an @entity565 attack. After 14 days, the functional status of all the dimensions had improved. There was no evident correlation to the change in functional status and peak expiratory flow rates. An @entity565 attack hampers the @entity1 in his daily functioning--not only physically, but also in social functioning and feelings. There are indications that the recuperation in terms of functioning takes longer than the symptoms to disappear or the peak expiratory flow to return to normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessing the functional status during an @entity565 attack with Dartmouth COOP charts. Validity with respect to the change in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma attack']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3044 tilt-table testing provides a diagnosis of @entity907 in @entity1 with @entity1163 or near- @entity1163 . Although acute beta-blockade may prevent the development of @entity1163 during @entity3044 tilt-table testing, the use of beta-blockers for chronic prophylaxis may not be effective for some @entity1 who show a positive response to @entity3044 tilt-table testing. We evaluated whether the efficacy of intravenous @entity1406 in preventing symptoms during repeated tests would be helpful in selecting @entity1 suitable for long-term therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 55 @entity1 (35 females, 20 males; mean age 36+/-11 years) who had been chosen from a group referred to our institute with a history of unexplained @entity1163 (> or = 2 @entity1163 ) and a positive response to @entity3044 tilt-table testing. After a positive response to @entity3044 tilt-table testing, 5 mg @entity1406 was infused intravenously as a bolus and the test repeated. Thirty-five @entity1 (group 1) showed a positive response again and 20 (group 2) showed a negative response. We started 50 mg @entity1406 once a day for @entity1 in group 1 while group 2 was divided into 2 subgroups: the first subgroup (group 2a, 12 @entity1 ) was started on 50 mg @entity3756 or 20 mg @entity903 once a day and the second subgroup (group 2b, 8 @entity1 ) was started on 5 mg @entity21172 orally once a day. Two months later, @entity3044 tilt-table testing was repeated. In group 1, 13 of 35 @entity1 (37%) were positive on @entity3044 tilt-table testing while in group 2, 8 of 20 @entity1 (40%) were positive on @entity3044 tilt-table testing (p not statistically significant). The therapies of the two groups were then interchanged. Two months later (4 months from the beginning of the study), the @entity3044 tilt-table test was repeated. Eleven @entity1 in group 1 (31%) and 6 in group 2 (30%, p not statistically significant) showed a positive response again. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that acute beta-blockade response to positive @entity3044 tilt-table testing is not a useful predictor for the assessment of chronic prophylaxis for @entity907 .

title: Usefulness of intravenous XXXX during positive @entity3044 tilt-table test in the choice of treatment for @entity907 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']

entities_list: @entity21172 :: ('MESH:D008879', 'Chemical') :: ['midodrine']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'syncopal episodes']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

answer: @entity1406 :: (MESH:D008790,Chemical) :: ['metoprolol']