abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of pre-operative and frozen section pathologic evaluation (FSA) in predicting high-risk (HR) histology @entity1204 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1204 at a single institution. Medical records were abstracted for baseline characteristics, surgical reports for staging, and final histology was confirmed by a gynecologic pathologist. RESULTS: 868 @entity1 were identified. Of these, 118 had Grade 3 endometrioid, 36 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), 47 @entity6962 ( @entity6962 ), and 84 uterine @entity1377 (UPSC) histology. Endometrial biopsy (EMB) had an overall sensitivity of 90%, 77% for low grade, 78% for HR, with a specificity of 0%. For dilation and curettage (D_C), overall sensitivity was 85%, 69% for low grade, and 77% for HR. Specificity was 33%. Sensitivities for combined pre-operative testing for G3 endometrioid, @entity1358 , @entity6962 , and UPSC were: 56%, 28%, 72%, and 60%, respectively. For frozen section analysis (FSA), overall sensitivity was 77%, and 67% for low and high grade. For G3 endometrioid, @entity1358 , @entity6962 , and UPSC, sensitivities were 57%, 20%, 74%, 32%, respectively. Specificity was 95%. FSA identified an additional six @entity1 (8%) with UPSC, @entity1358 or @entity6962 that were pre-operatively low risk, providing an 8% improvement in sensitivity but decreased specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative EMB and D_C are overall very sensitive for detecting @entity1204 ; however, sensitivity decreases with HR histology. Pre-op testing will miss 28% of HR diagnoses and FSA provides an opportunity to identify some @entity1 with UPSC, @entity1358 , and @entity6962 . If pre-operative results suggest @entity5 , the surgeon should proceed with comprehensive surgical staging without an FSA.

title: Detection and correlation of pre-operative, frozen section, and final pathology in high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HR cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['CCC', 'clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma', 'CS']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: AIM: @entity2771 (PG) is often applied as an excipient in drug formulations. As these formulations may also be used in neonates, the aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of @entity2771 , co-administered intravenously with @entity1443 (800 mg PG/1000 mg @entity1443 ) or @entity109 (700 mg PG/200 mg @entity109 ) in preterm and term neonates. METHODS: A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed based on 372 PG plasma concentrations from 62 (pre)term neonates (birth weight (bBW) 630-3980 g, postnatal age (PNA) 1-30 days) using NONMEM 6.2. The model was subsequently used to simulate PG exposure upon administration of @entity1443 or @entity109 in neonates (gestational age 24-40 weeks). RESULTS: In a one compartment model, birth weight and PNA were both identified as covariates for PG clearance using an allometric function (CL(i) = 0.0849   {(bBW/2720)(1.69)   ( @entity33037 /3)(0.201)}). Volume of distribution scaled allometrically with current bodyweight (V(i) = 0.967   {(BW/2720)(1.45)}) and was estimated 1.77 times higher when co-administered with @entity109 compared with @entity1443 . By introducing these covariates a large part of the interindividual variability on clearance (65%) as well as on volume of distribution (53%) was explained. The final model shows that for commonly used dosing regimens, the population mean PG peak and trough concentrations range between 33-144 and 28-218 mg l(-1) (peak) and 19-109 and 6-112 mg l(-1) (trough) for @entity1443 and @entity109 formulations, respectively, depending on birth weight and age of the neonates. CONCLUSION: A pharmacokinetic model was developed for PG co-administered with @entity1443 or @entity109 in neonates. As such, large variability in PG exposure may be expected in neonates which is dependent on birth weight and PNA.

title: Developmental pharmacokinetics of XXXX in preterm and term neonates.

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol', 'Propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

answer: @entity2771 :: (MESH:D019946,Chemical) :: ['propylene glycol']


abstract: Four @entity1 had @entity294 due to @entity2718 after receiving chemotherapy for @entity5 . None of the @entity1 had received antibiotics for at least 4 weeks before the onset of @entity294 . At the time of admission of any of these four @entity1 no outbreak of @entity294 was noted on the ward. Each @entity1 was admitted with the acute onset of @entity294 after receiving chemotherapy, at different times of the year. @entity294 was clinically important and was associated with @entity2700 , @entity6064 , and blood in the stool in all cases. Diagnosis of @entity2718 was confirmed by endoscopic examination, positive biopsy specimen, and positive test for toxin in the stool. All @entity1 recovered after undergoing specific treatment. Drugs not believed to carry serious risk to the bowel mucosa may facilitate proliferation of @entity2718 . @entity1 with severe @entity294 after receiving chemotherapy, particularly those with blood in the stool, should be promptly tested for @entity2718 even in the absence of a history of antibiotic administration. Early and specific treatment can prevent additional morbidity and reduce cost of care.

title: @entity2718 @entity294 induced by XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile', 'C difficile']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanisms of @entity339 after @entity474 repair are unclear. METHODS: To gain further insight into @entity339 , real-time three-dimensional echocardiography was performed in 53 @entity1 after @entity474 repair (30 partial and 23 complete) and 40 controls. Mitral valve {x, y, z} coordinates from the annulus, leaflet surface, papillary muscle, and @entity10273 were recorded. Vena contracta area of the regurgitant jet(s) and volume of leaflet prolapse and tethering were measured. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 had mild (group 1) and 30 moderate (group 2) @entity339 . @entity1 in both groups 1 and 2 had more circular annuli than controls. Annular area was greater in group 2 than in group 1 and controls (P < .01). Group 2 had more frequent segmental prolapse in the superior-mural leaflet segment. The anterolateral papillary muscle was more laterally displaced in group 2 than in controls and group 1 at end-diastole (P  = .01 and P  = .05) and formed a more acute angle with the mitral valve annulus than in controls or group 1 (P  = .01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity474 , significant @entity339 is associated with leaflet prolapse, larger annular area, and lateral papillary muscle displacement.

title: Quantitative real-time three-dimensional echocardiography provides new insight into the mechanisms of @entity339 post-repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity10273 :: ('MESH:D019962', 'Disease') :: ['chordal attachments']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect', 'atrioventricular septal defects']

answer: @entity474 :: (MESH:C562831,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular septal defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Suicide risk after discharge from @entity146 inpatient care is high, particularly in the first few weeks. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors and protective factors (that is, factors associated with a reduced risk of suicide), including variation in health care received, for suicide among @entity1 in the two-week postdischarge period. METHODS: This was a national population-based retrospective case-control study of 100 @entity146 @entity1 in England (2004-2006), age 18-65, who died by suicide within two weeks of hospital discharge. These @entity1 were matched on discharge date with 100 living control group @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty-five percent of suicides occurred within a week of discharge, 49% of whom died before their first follow-up appointment. Conditional logistic regression analyses indicated that recent adverse life events and a short (less than one week) final admission were independently associated with postdischarge suicide, as were older age and comorbid @entity146 . Receiving enhanced aftercare (under the Care Programme Approach) was protective of suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Discharged @entity1 viewed as being at high risk of suicide require immediate community follow-up. Mental health services should be mindful of discharging @entity1 after a short admission. The potential role of detrimental life experiences indicates that mental health clinicians need to be aware of the circumstances into which @entity1 are being discharged. Use of enhanced levels of care, such as that offered by the Care Programme Approach, may play a strong role in preventing suicide within two weeks of discharge.

title: Suicide within two weeks of discharge from XXXX inpatient care: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity5935 ( @entity40006 ) is a widely used treatment for @entity1 who are at high risk of @entity3152 . In @entity742 , @entity40006 -induced growth restriction was found to be associated with reduced placenta @entity5804 (PL), a key regulator of fetal growth. We therefore hypothesized that also in @entity1 a single course of @entity40006 administration is associated with a reduction of PL, associated with a deceleration in fetal growth. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of a single course of antenatal @entity40006 in @entity1 on birth weight and PL. METHODS: @entity1 exposed to @entity40006 (2     12  mg; n  =  44) with normally grown fetuses between 23  +  5 and 34  +  0  wks (weeks  +  days of gestation) who delivered between 23  +  5 to 42  +  0  wks were compared to gestational age-matched controls (n  =  49). Maternal gestational blood samples were obtained before, during and after @entity40006 treatment and at the time of birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity40006 effects on fetal anthropometrics, placental morphometry and placental PL-protein and maternal plasma levels. RESULTS: The mean duration of days between @entity40006 administration and birth was 52 days. @entity40006 treatment was associated with decreased birth weight (-18.2%), head circumference (-8.6%), body length (-6.0%), and placental width (-5.5%), as compared to controls. These changes were irrespective of possible maternal confounders (gestational age at birth, maternal age, maternal BMI gain during pregnancy, smoking etc.). However, neither PL-plasma levels within 48  h after @entity40006 treatment nor placental PL-protein levels and maternal plasma levels at birth were changed after @entity40006 treatment. In central regions of the placenta, @entity40006 treatment increased the circumference of syncytiotrophoblast nuclei by  +4.7% and nucleus surface area by  +9.4% compared to controls, but these changes were not related to placental PL-protein or maternal PL-plasma levels at birth. CONCLUSION: A single course of @entity40006 treatment was accompanied with reduced fetal growth, but this growth restricting effect was not associated with altered placental or maternal plasma PL levels. Altered expression of PL appears not to be causal for @entity40006 -induced fetal growth restriction in the @entity1 .

title: Growth restricting effects of a single course of antenatal @entity5935 treatment and the role of @entity1 placental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone']

answer: @entity5804 :: (1443,Gene) :: ['lactogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Deficiencies in coagulant inhibitors protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III increase the risk of @entity49 . We describe 10 young adults with @entity5892 due to deficiencies in these factors. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 younger than 45 years were hospitalized because of acute @entity63 @entity64 diagnosed through computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral angiography was performed in 54 cases. Hematologic and coagulation profiles, autoantibody screen, syphilis serology, and @entity4555 were analyzed in all @entity1 . Among the total cases, Holter monitoring was performed in 13 @entity1 , echocardiography in 20, and cerebrospinal fluid studies for @entity3993 and @entity378 in two. The quantitative analysis of protein C, protein S (by Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis), and antithrombin III (by radial immunodiffusion) was performed on admission and 3 months after @entity64 in all @entity1 and in relatives of six @entity1 . RESULTS: In 10 cases (17%) the @entity64 was attributed to @entity3459 inhibitors: three @entity1 had @entity7131 , two @entity1 had @entity4889 , and five had @entity10647 (three @entity1 and two @entity1 ). The cerebral infarction involved the carotid territory in these 10 @entity1 . None had previous @entity1031 . Eight @entity1 showed a complete recovery. An acquired disorder was presumed in one @entity4889 and in two antithrombin III-deficient @entity1 ; the remainder were considered heterozygous. CONCLUSIONS: The cerebral vasculature may be primarily involved in the deficiency of these natural anticoagulants. Young adults seem to be the most often affected. A knowledge of these new clotting defects will enable the clinician to improve the prevention and treatment of this devastating @entity16 .

title: Ischemic stroke due to XXXX inhibitors. Report of 10 young adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arterial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['protein S deficiency', 'protein S-deficient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity10647 :: ('MESH:D020152', 'Disease') :: ['antithrombin III deficiency']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['deficiency of coagulation']


abstract: Pulmonary decortication for nontuberculous @entity102 has become a rare operation, whose indications and results are now rarely analysed and discussed. The authors report a series of 40 consecutive decortications performed over a period of 15 years. @entity1 : 40 @entity1 treated by pulmonary decortication over 15 years for nontuberculous @entity102 secondary to @entity55 (27 cases; 2/3 of cases), post-traumatic haemothorax (5 cases), @entity281 after pleural tap (5 cases) and @entity295 (3 cases). @entity102 had been present for an average of 6 months (1 to 60 months). Decortication was performed for drainage of persistent pleural suppuration in 22 cases and to release the encysted lung in 18 cases. Decortication, always comprising parietal pleural stripping and visceral decortication, lasted an average of 3 hours (2 to 8 hours), and was accompanied by mean bleeding of 1 litre (of 200 ml to 3.41). RESULTS: 27 @entity1 (67%) had an uneventful postoperative course, with drainage for 6 days and a mean hospital stay of 13 days. 13 @entity1 (33%) developed various complications, mainly re-expansion defects (10 cases), responsible for pyothorax in 4 cases, 3 of which required secondary drainage. One @entity1 died from @entity1321 in a context of peritoneal @entity189 (operative mortality: 2.5%). 25 @entity1 were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 54 months, with complete pulmonary re-expansion in 23 cases (92%) and a residual pouch in 2 cases. Vital capacity (VC) was evaluated in 8 @entity1 , with a mean improvement of 40% (15 to 66%) in 6 @entity1 , stable VC in one @entity1 , and a 25% reduction in the last @entity1 , a smoker and with chronic @entity3617 . CONCLUSION: Pulmonary decortication is an effective, but relatively major operation to treat @entity102 . Encystment must be prevented by effective drainage of @entity3509 , now facilitated by the possibility of early videothoracoscopic @entity456 .

title: [Current indications and results of pulmonary decortication for nontuberculous XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic encysted empyema', 'chronic empyema', 'Chronic empyema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic infection']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural debridement']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic empyema']


abstract: Although surgical resection of @entity1313 has been performed for over a century, complications still occur with distressing frequency. The authors propose a simple preoperative grading scheme to assess surgical risk for resection of primary and secondary intraaxial supratentorial @entity1313 . The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical records, neuroimaging studies, and outcomes of 224 surgeries performed in 207 @entity1 from January 1993 to December 1995 at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation @entity1313 Center. Subsequently, they considered and statistically analyzed multiple variables related to the @entity1 and their lesions. Surgical risk was defined as any complication occurring within 30 days postoperatively, and was divided into transient operative complications, transient medical complications, and new sustained @entity51 . Length of stay was also recorded. The overall incidence of complications was 10.6% and the mortality rate was 2.7%, with a median hospital stay of 3 days. @entity1 age greater than 60 years (p < 0.001), preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale scores of 50 or less (p < 0.03), previous irradiation (p < 0.001), @entity5 location in eloquent regions (p < 0.03), and depth of @entity5 invasion (p < 0.001) independently predicted complicated outcome or increased length of stay. Finally, the authors derived a simple five-tier grading scheme in which these @entity1 risk factors are added together to obtain a grade of I to V that corresponds to outcome and length of hospital stay. This grading scheme may be used to identify @entity1 at higher risk and facilitate comparison of results between institutions and individual surgeons.

title: A proposed preoperative grading scheme to assess risk for surgical resection of primary and secondary intraaxial supratentorial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Tumor', 'brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: The @entity397 of @entity731 plaques is known to be associated with the stresses that act on or within the arterial wall. The extreme @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) is usually recognized as a primary trigger for the @entity397 of vulnerable plaque. The present study used the in-vivo high-resolution multi-spectral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for carotid arterial plaque morphology reconstruction. Image segmentation of different plaque components was based on the multi-spectral MRI and co-registered with different sequences for the @entity1 . Stress analysis was performed on totally four subjects with different plaque burden by fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations. Wall shear stress distributions are highly related to the degree of @entity850 , while the level of its magnitude is much lower than the @entity1642 in the fibrous cap. @entity1642 is higher in the luminal wall and lower at the outer wall, with the lowest stress at the lipid region. Local stress concentrations are well confined in the thinner fibrous cap region, and usually locating in the plaque shoulder; the introduction of relative stress variation during a cycle in the fibrous cap can be a potential indicator for plaque fatigue process in the thin fibrous cap. According to stress analysis of the four subjects, a risk assessment in terms of mechanical factors could be made, which may be helpful in clinical practice. However, more subjects with @entity1 specific analysis are desirable for plaque-stability study.

title: Carotid arterial plaque stress analysis using fluid-structure interactive simulation based on in-vivo magnetic resonance images of four XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WTS', 'wall tensile stress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. Opioid drugs act on specific receptors which are principally classified into mu, delta and kappa subtypes. @entity11393 ( @entity11393 ) is a kappa-selective agent which has been shown to possess potent anti-nociceptive effects but does not show cross tolerance with @entity1286 . 2. We have assessed the neuroendocrine effects of @entity11393 in healthy volunteers with two doses (1.6 and 4.0 micrograms kg-1, i.m.) of the compound. Six male non-smokers aged 19-27 years were studied by use of a randomized, double-blind three-limb placebo-controlled cross-over design. Blood was taken from an in-dwelling venous cannula basally and at 15 min intervals for 2 h for determination of serum @entity701 , prolactin, @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) and @entity2661 . 3. Psychological function was assessed by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) and the Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI) administered before the medication and at 35 min, 1 h 25 min and 2 h afterwards. Cardiovascular variables were recorded at 10 min intervals. Results were analysed by analysis of variance. 4. @entity11393 showed a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent increase in free water clearance, as predicted for a kappa-opioid agonist. It also caused a dose-dependent stimulation of prolactin, (increment over baseline for higher dose 214%), @entity2124 (433%) and @entity701 (215%) release (P < 0.05). There were no significant drug-related changes in plasma @entity2661 , blood pressure, pulse or psychological variables. 5. We have therefore confirmed that kappa-opioids increase free-water clearance and may participate in the stimulation of prolactin and @entity2124 release. In contrast to mu and delta-opioid agonists, this novel kappa-agonist stimulates @entity701 release in @entity1 .

title: The effects of @entity11393 ( XXXX ), a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, on neuroendocrine function in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity11393 :: ('MESH:C051272', 'Chemical') :: ['spiradoline', 'Spiradoline', 'U-62066E']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity11393 :: (MESH:C051272,Chemical) :: ['U-62066E']


abstract: Assessment of prognostic indicators in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is important. The study's aim was to assess the relative contribution of gender, genetics and microbiology on survival in adults with @entity1577 . Adult @entity1 were studied from 1995 to 2005 and data collected included FEV(1) (%predicted), body mass index (BMI), genetics, and microbiology. Data was available on 183 @entity1 in 1995. Forty-five @entity1 died in the subsequent 10 years. @entity1 who died during the study had lower mean (SD) FEV(1) %predicted in 1995 when compared to those remaining alive, 41.5 (15.2)% versus 69.8 (23.2)% predicted, respectively, P<0.001 and they had lower mean (SD) BMI in 1995, 19.2 (3.3) kg/m(2) in comparison to those remaining alive, 20.7 (3.4) kg/m(2), P=0.008. The proportion of @entity1 infected with @entity796 and @entity6402 complex was higher in the group who died during the study compared to those remaining alive, odds ratio 20.9 P<0.0001 and 7.1 P<0.0001, respectively. The presence of the Delta F508 homozygous mutation did not alter survival, P=0.3. @entity1 infected with either @entity796 or @entity6402 complex had reduced survival compared to those without @entity281 , P=0.01 and P<0.0001, respectively. FEV(1)% (P<0.0001), @entity281 with @entity796 (P=0.005) or @entity6402 complex (P=0.03) were the only significant predictors of mortality. This study demonstrates adults who died were more likely to have worse lung function and be infected with either @entity796 or @entity6402 complex. FEV(1)% and @entity281 with @entity796 or @entity6402 complex were the most significant predictors of survival in adults with @entity1577 .

title: Predictors of mortality in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['B.cepacia', 'Burkholderia cepacia']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P.aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Opposing effects of the prebiotic, @entity16468 , have been reported in experimental @entity1960 . We compared the effects of the prebiotic, @entity16468 , alone and in synbiotic combination with @entity10688 BR11, on the development of dextran sulfate @entity1372 -induced @entity1960 in @entity35 . @entity35 consumed an 18 percent casein-based diet or diet supplemented with 6 percent @entity16468 or maltodextrin for 14 days. The synbiotic group was gavaged 1 ml of @entity10688 BR11 (1x10(9) cfu/ml) twice daily. From Days 7 to 14, @entity1960 was induced via 3 percent dextran sulfate @entity1372 in drinking water. Disease activity was assessed daily, and at killing, gastrointestinal organs were measured, weighed, and examined by quantitative histology, proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry, and colonic @entity1589 activity. Administration of dextran sulfate sodium resulted in an increased colitic disease activity, and an increased colon and cecum weight compared with normal controls. Colon and cecum weights were further increased in dextran sulfate @entity1372 + @entity16468 (colon: 19 percent; cecum: 48 percent) and dextran sulfate @entity1372 + @entity16468 / @entity10688 BR11-treated @entity35 (16 and 62 percent) compared with dextran sulfate @entity1372 +vehicle-treatment. Dextran sulfate sodium+fructooligosaccharide-treated @entity35 displayed an 81 percent increase in colonic @entity1589 activity compared with dextran sulfate @entity1372 -treated controls. Histologic damage severity scores increased in dextran sulfate @entity1372 +vehicle, dextran sulfate sodium+fructooligosaccharide, and dextran sulfate @entity1372 + @entity16468 / @entity10688 BR11-treated @entity35 compared with normal controls (P<0.05). Crypt depth increased in all treatments compared with normal controls (P<0.01). No protection from dextran sulfate @entity1372 - @entity1960 was accorded by @entity16468 alone or in synbiotic combination with @entity10688 BR11, whereas @entity16468 actually increased some indicators of @entity1049 .

title: Prebiotic and synbiotic @entity16468 administration fails to reduce the severity of experimental XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity16468 :: ('MESH:C116580', 'Chemical') :: ['fructooligosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity10688 :: ('1613', 'Species') :: ['L. fermentum', 'Lactobacillus fermentum']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic injury']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: The molluscan @entity1951 / @entity398 analogue Lys-conopressin excites neurons in the anterior lobe of the right cerebral ganglion of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Persistent inward currents that underlie the excitatory response were studied with the use of voltage-ramp protocols in the identified neuron RCB1 and other anterior lobe neurons. Under whole cell voltage-clamp conditions, two types of conopressin-activated current could be distinguished on the basis of their voltage dependence: 1) a pacemaker-like current that was activated at potentials above -40 mV (high-voltage-activated current, I( @entity3829 )) and 2) an inward current that was activated at all potentials between -90 and +10 mV (low-voltage-activated current, I(LVA)). Ion substitution experiments indicate that @entity1372 is the main charge carrier for I( @entity3829 ) and I(LVA). Both currents are differentially affected by @entity3409 . I( @entity3829 ) and I(LVA) differ in dose dependence, with median effective concentration values of 7.7 x 10(-8) M and 2.2 x 10(-7) M, respectively. @entity1951 and @entity398 act as weak agonists for the conopressin responses. The kinetics of desensitization and washout of I( @entity3829 ) and I(LVA) are different. The @entity3829 response shows little desensitization, whereas the LVA response desensitizes within minutes (time constant 80 +/- 28 s, mean +/- SD). The time constant of washout on removal of conopressin @entity42969 +/- 63 s for I( @entity3829 ) and 36 +/- 13 s for I(LVA). These results suggest that two distinct conopressin receptors are involved in the activation of both currents. The conopressin-activated currents induce or enhance a region of negative slope resistance in the steady-state current-voltage relation. They differ from a third persistent inward current that is carried by @entity460 and completely blocked by @entity3409 . The presumed functional roles of these currents, possibly including autoregulation, are discussed.

title: @entity1951 / XXXX -related conopressin induces two separate pacemaker currents in an identified central neuron of Lymnaea stagnalis.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin', 'Vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Quantitative @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ) identify individuals with @entity14 with greater levels of accuracy than guaiac tests. We compared the performances of 2 @entity1241 in a population undergoing screening for @entity14 . METHODS: We collected fecal samples from 19,797 individuals in France (age, 50-74 y) who participated in a @entity14 screening program, from June 2009 through May 2011. Samples were analyzed using the Magstream (Fujirebio Inc, Tokyo, Japan) and OC Sensor (Eiken Chemical Co, Tokyo, Japan) (2 samples each) @entity1241 , as well as the @entity1605 guaiac test (SKD, Villepinte, France) (3 samples each). Colonoscopies were performed for @entity1 with positive results from all 3 tests. The cut-off values for levels of hemoglobin in buffer and stools were 55 ng/mL and 180  g/g for the Magstream and 150 ng/mL and 30  g/g for the OC Sensor, respectively. Results from the @entity1241 were compared with those from the guaiac test for cut-off values for stool samples, positivity rates, and the receiver operating characteristic curve values. The numbers needed to screen and the numbers needed to scope to detect an advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 , @entity652 >= 10 mm, or high-grade @entity1141 ) were calculated. RESULTS: A positive test result was found in 1224 @entity1 (6.2%); 1075 (87.8%) underwent a colonoscopy examination. Of these, 334 were found to have advanced @entity5 . Considering the cut-off values associated with the positivity rate of @entity1605 (1.6%), the numbers needed to screen were 239 for @entity1605 , 166 for a 1-sample Magstream FIT, and 129 for a 1-sample OC Sensor FIT; the numbers needed to scope were 3.3, 2.3, and 1.8, respectively. For the same false-positive rate as @entity1605 (0.98%), the true-positive rates for Magstream and OC Sensor @entity1241 were 0.65% and 0.90% respectively, compared with 0.42% for @entity1605 . The OC Sensor FIT had a greater area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value than the Magstream FIT. CONCLUSIONS: Based on results from a large, population-based study, the OC Sensor FIT identifies @entity1 with @entity14 with greater accuracy than the Magstream FIT. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01251666.

title: A population-based comparison of immunochemical fecal occult blood tests for XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Hemoccult II']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal immunochemical tests', 'FITs']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Protein folding and disaggregation are crucial processes for survival of cells under unfavorable conditions. A network of molecular chaperones supports these processes. Collaborative action of Hsp70 and Hsp100 proteins is an important component of this network. J-proteins/DnaJ members as co-chaperones assist Hsp70. As against 22 DnaJ sequences noted in @entity375 , @entity579 genome contains 104 J-genes. @entity579 J-genes were systematically classified into type A (12 sequences), type B (9 sequences), and type C (83 sequences) classes and a scheme of nomenclature of these proteins is proposed. Transcript expression profiles revealed that J-proteins are possibly involved in basal cellular activities, developmental programs, and in stress. @entity19715 is the most abundant J-protein in @entity375 . @entity19715 deleted @entity375 cells are nonviable at 37   C. Two @entity579 ortholog proteins of @entity375 @entity19715 protein namely OsDjA4 and OsDjA5 successfully rescued the growth defect in mutant @entity375 . As Hsp70 and J-proteins work in conjunction, it emerges that @entity579 J-proteins can partner with @entity375 Hsp70 proteins in functioning. It is thus shown that J-protein machine is highly conserved.

title: Functional relevance of J-protein family of XXXX ( @entity579 ).

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) can evolve into @entity784 ( @entity784 ). @entity419 PET has been reported to discriminate between @entity1593 and @entity784 . Because prospective data are lacking, we designed a prospective study to evaluate the potential of @entity419 PET for detection of @entity784 in @entity1 with @entity1593 and compared the results with those obtained using abdominal CT in a referral center. METHODS: Between April 2003 and April 2005, 8 consecutive @entity1 (median age, 66 y; range, 52-89 y) with @entity784 and 30 @entity1 (median age, 61 y; range, 44-71 y) with @entity1593 were included. CT and @entity419 PET were performed on all @entity1 . Histologic evidence of @entity784 was identified in tissue samples obtained during upper @entity344 or surgical resection. RESULTS: Villous atrophy was found in all @entity1 with @entity1593 and all (except 1) @entity1 with @entity784 . Histologic examination of 1 @entity1 with @entity784 localized in the duodenum showed @entity6113 only. @entity419 PET could reveal sites histologically proven to be @entity784 in all 8 @entity1 , whereas CT showed normal findings in 1 @entity1 with @entity784 . @entity419 PET detected unsuspected extraintestinal sites affected by @entity784 in 2 @entity1 . CT showed abnormalities such as a thickened small-bowel wall or @entity3329 in 14 @entity1 with @entity1593 lacking evidence of @entity784 at follow-up. @entity419 PET findings were positive in 3 and equivocal in another 3 @entity1 with @entity1593 . @entity419 PET was more sensitive and specific than CT (100% vs. 87% and 90% vs. 53%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our data show that @entity419 PET is more sensitive in detecting @entity784 in @entity1 with @entity1593 than is CT. @entity419 PET, in addition to conventional CT, is recommended for evaluating @entity1 with @entity1593 .

title: @entity419 PET versus CT for the detection of XXXX in @entity1593 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['Refractory celiac disease', 'RCD']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['EATL in nontumoral mucosa', 'enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma', 'EATL']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The most appropriate procedure for surgical treatment of severe acromioclavicular (AC) @entity2720 was still not clear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of coracoclavicular (CC) reconstruction with ligament augmentation and reconstruction system (LARS) artificial ligaments for the treatment of acute complete AC @entity2720 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 (16 male and 8 female, ages ranged from 21 to 45) with acute complete @entity2720 were treated with CC reconstruction using LARS artificial ligaments. All these dislocations were unstable injuries. Clinical evaluation was used by the Constant scores and VAS. The radiographic evaluation consisted of Zanca radiographs for bilateral AC joint and axillary radiographs for the injured shoulder. RESULTS: All @entity1 had follow-up times of 36  months (range 6-60). The Constant scores rose from 62.3      6.9 preoperatively to 94.5      9.3 at final evaluation (P  <  0.05). Preoperative VAS scores were 5.1      1.7, and the VAS scores at the last review were 0.7      1.4 (P  <  0.05). Follow-up radiographs showed anatomical reduction in 20 @entity1 and slight loss of reduction in 4 @entity1 . Calcification of CC ligament in 4 @entity1 , degenerative change around the AC joint in 2 @entity1 and @entity3061 around screws in one @entity1 were found. CONCLUSIONS: LARS artificial ligament for reconstruction of CC can provide immediate stability and allow early shoulder mobilization with good functional results and few complications. This procedure was an effective and safe method to treat grade III and more @entity2720 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: Evaluation of the coracoclavicular reconstruction using LARS artificial ligament in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['AC joint dislocations', 'joint dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['clavicular osteolysis']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['acromioclavicular joint dislocation']


abstract: A virus isolated from the CSF of a @entity1 who had @entity746 for 7 years, and prolonged pleocytosis in the CSF, was adapted to suckling @entity19 brain by subsequent serial blind passages. This Schu virus belongs to the @entity17991 complex of the genus Flavivirus (Togaviridae). Suckling @entity19 brain homogenate of the 13th passage was used for transmission experiments in various species of laboratory animals. @entity329 infected subcutaneously fell ill after a number of months, lost weight, and had paresis of the legs. Histologically they had @entity548 in different parts of the CNS and inflammatory changes in the gray substance of the spinal cord. Pilot studies with repeated inoculations of small doses of different flavivirus strains suggest a course of the disease in experimental animals which resembles @entity778 insofar as no @entity198 is produced and degenerative changes of the anterior horn cells prevail over inflammatory signs in the spinal cord. After intracerebral application of Schu virus, @entity5434 developed the typical lesions of togavirus @entity8300 with @entity302 , @entity2055 , and paresis. After subcutaneous application, the virus seems to spread along peripheral nerves to anterior spinal roots and spinal cord, where mainly motor neurons of the anterior horn are damaged, and from there to the brain. The histological findings are such that one may assume the disease of the @entity1 was due to the infection with the virus isolated from his CSF. Therefore, the hypothesis may be advanced that at least some of the cases diagnosed as @entity746 are due to a @entity43035 .

title: Attempts to reproduce @entity746 in laboratory animals by inoculation of Schu virus isolated from a XXXX with apparent @entity746 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['slow-virus infections']

entities_list: @entity43035 :: ('MESH:D014036', 'Disease') :: ['togavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['petechial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity8300 :: ('MESH:D013344', 'Disease') :: ['panencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of @entity7290 injection as a primary therapy of @entity600 in cervical region. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity600 in cervical region underwent the therapy of @entity7290 injection between 2009 and 2012 at School of Stomatology, China Medical University. Among them, 16 @entity1 had unilateral submandibular lesions, 20 @entity1 had lesions in anterior cervical regions. The age of @entity1 was from 6 months to 25 years old. The concentration of the drug was 1.6 mg /mL with an addition of @entity3303 . The dose and cycle of treatment were dependent on the lesions' size and @entity1 ' age. The follow-up period was 12 months to 2 years after the last treatment. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 100%, and the curative rate was 94.4%. No serious complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional Injection of @entity7290 provides a safe and effective treatment for @entity600 in cervical region as a primary treatment.

title: [Intralesional XXXX injection in the management of @entity600 in cervical region].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity7290 :: ('MESH:C025703', 'Chemical') :: ['pingyangmycin']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['macrocystic lymphatic malformations']

answer: @entity7290 :: (MESH:C025703,Chemical) :: ['pingyangmycin']


abstract: Costimulation between T cells and @entity11527 is required for adaptive immune responses. @entity2936 , an important costimulatory molecule, is expressed on a variety of cell types, including macrophages and microglia. The aberrant expression of @entity2936 is implicated in diseases including @entity15 , @entity309 , and @entity195 , and inhibition of @entity2936 signaling has beneficial effects in a number of animal models of @entity792 . In this study, we discovered that @entity688 , a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits @entity558 -induced @entity2936 gene expression. We previously demonstrated that @entity558 induction of @entity2936 in macrophages/microglia involves both NF-kappaB activation and @entity558 -induced production of @entity2391 , which subsequently activates STAT-1alpha. @entity688 inhibits @entity558 -induced @entity2391 gene expression and subsequent STAT-1alpha activation, but does not affect NF-kappaB activation. Our results also demonstrate that @entity688 inhibits @entity558 -induced recruitment of STAT-1alpha, RNA polymerase II, and the coactivators @entity16221 and @entity3493 to the @entity2936 promoter, as well as inhibiting permissive histone H3 acetylation (AcH3). @entity688 and @entity558 synergize to induce @entity5740 gene expression in macrophages and microglia. Ectopic expression of @entity5740 attenuates @entity558 -induced STAT activation, and inhibits @entity558 -induced @entity2936 gene expression, comparable to that seen by @entity688 . These results indicate that @entity5740 plays an important role in the negative regulation of @entity558 -induced @entity2936 gene expression by @entity688 .

title: XXXX inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity2936 gene expression through induction of @entity5740 .

entities_list: @entity16221 :: ('1387', 'Gene') :: ['CREB binding protein']

entities_list: @entity5740 :: ('9021', 'Gene') :: ['suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3', 'SOCS-3']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary care is being encouraged to implement multiprofessional, system level, @entity102 management approaches to @entity308 . We undertook this study to identify and assess the quality of RCTs testing system level @entity308 management interventions in primary care and to determine whether these interventions improve recovery. METHOD: Searches of Medline and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials. 'System level' interventions included: multi-professional approach, enhanced inter-professional communication, scheduled @entity1 follow-up, structured management plan. RESULTS: 11 trials met all inclusion criteria. 10 were undertaken in the USA. Most focussed on antidepressant compliance. Quality of reporting assessed using CONSORT criteria was poor. Eight trials reported an increase in the proportion of @entity1 recovered in favour of the intervention group, yet did not account for @entity6661 rates ranging from 5 to 50%. CONCLUSION: System level interventions implemented in the USA with @entity1 willing to take anti-depressant medication leads to a modest increase in recovery from @entity308 . The relevance of these interventions to countries with strong primary care systems requires testing in a randomised controlled trial.

title: A systematic review of complex system interventions designed to increase recovery from XXXX in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Administration of @entity8197 ( @entity8197 ; @entity8197 ) to cultured @entity291 pulmonary artery endothelial cells caused a dose- and time-dependent depletion of cellular @entity855 and depletion of intracellular @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ). The @entity137 of @entity8197 was correlated with an increase of @entity8197 - @entity2041 conjugate in the medium and with an increase in @entity274 generation. Recent studies have suggested that @entity2197 may be useful as a pharmacological agent to prevent oxidant injury. In the present study, treatment with exogenous @entity2197 prevented the loss of cellular @entity2197 and @entity855 caused by @entity8197 . Protection by extracellular @entity2197 involved two mechanisms. In one mechanism, extracellular @entity2197 was degraded by @entity5428 transpeptidase, producing substrates for subsequent intracellular de novo @entity2197 synthesis. We found that the protective effect of extracellular @entity2197 was decreased by inhibiting @entity5428 transpeptidase. In the other mechanism, @entity2197 reacted in the medium with @entity8197 to form a conjugate. Although formation of the @entity8197 - @entity2041 conjugate within cells may contribute to @entity8197 @entity137 , addition of @entity8197 - @entity2041 conjugate to the medium was found to be nontoxic to endothelial cells. Thus exogenous @entity2197 protected endothelial cells by two mechanisms: maintenance of intracellular @entity2197 and prevention of @entity8197 entrance into cells.

title: Exogenous XXXX protects endothelial cells from @entity8197 @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K3', '2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone', 'menadione']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Orbital fat tissue, while important in protecting the eye, can protrude during aging, making a @entity1 look 'tired'. Surgical correction, although traditionally the treatment of choice, can lead to scarring. @entity2434 ( @entity3445 ) has been shown to reduce the size of these fat pads after direct injection. The compound, licensed in Europe for intravenous treatment of fat @entity887 , has recently gained interest for reducing localized fat by subcutaneous injection. However, there is a dearth of clinical data relating to efficacy and side effects. OBJECTIVE: An open-label study was conducted in 21 subjects with the goal of reducing the infraorbital fat pad size. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PPT after injection into infraorbital fat pads. METHODS: Twenty-one subjects were injected with 0.4 ml of PPT every 6 weeks to reduce prominent infraorbital fat pads. Pre- and post-treatment digital photographs were taken to document efficacy. In addition, side effects were recorded on a follow-up questionnaire. RESULTS: In all, 74% of the subjects showed significant improvement after two to three treatments. Five of the enrolled subjects (23%) were non-responsive after two or more procedures and their treatment was discontinued. None of the @entity1 had adverse side effects other than mild burning, erythema and swelling at the injection site. Nearly every @entity1 maintained the results with no evidence of @entity3145 after 6 months. CONCLUSION: PPT injection into infraorbital fat pads resulted in a satisfactory cosmetic effect in most treated subjects. Most subjects required more than one treatment. This simple, office-based treatment provides a non-surgical alternative to @entity1 with prominent infraorbital fat pads. More clinical data are required to fully assess the long-term safety and efficacy of this procedure.

title: Use of XXXX for the correction of lower lid bulging due to prominent fat pads.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

answer: @entity2434 :: (MESH:D010713,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylcholine']


abstract: A 14-year-old Caucasian @entity1 presented with a 4-month history of a slightly @entity203 that began on the hips and later extended to the trunk and upper and lower limbs. The @entity1 did not present fever, @entity353 , or @entity1395 . Physical examination revealed multiple, red, desquamative, oval patches with areas of healthy skin between them, which covered nearly 50% of the body surface area. The palms, soles, face, and mucosa were not affected. In addition, he presented two violet-colored infiltrated plaques on the left thigh and right buttock (Fig. 1). There were multiple, > 1 cm, freely mobile, axillary and inguinal nodes. In follow-up, the @entity1 developed two red-colored, mobile, well-delimited cutaneous nodules of 2.5 cm in diameter in the right hemithorax and lumbar area. The lumbar nodule regressed spontaneously before treatment. The clinical diagnosis was @entity4888 . We obtained three skin biopsies, one from a patch lesion and the others from a nodule; the third was sent to a reference hospital to determine the rearrangement. Histologic examination was similar in the three biopsies and revealed an atypical lymphoid infiltrate in the superficial dermis with epidermotropism and a tumoral nodule of atypical, small-sized lymphocytes in the deep dermis and subcutaneous level (Fig. 2). The atypical infiltrate was CD3+, @entity404 +, @entity405 -, @entity784 ( @entity784 )+/-, Epstein-Barr-encoded RNA (EBER)-, and @entity2940 -. The biopsy of one @entity1002 was compatible with @entity4888 (Fig. 3). Amongst the additional tests carried out was a blood analysis showing 5300 leukocytes (neutrophils, 35%; lymphocytes, 40.7%; monocytes, 16.8%; eosinophils, 6.40%) without S  zary cells, normal @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), immunoglobulin E (IgE) of 497 U/mL (normal, 3-100 U/mL), and @entity2262 of 3.09 mg/L (normal, 1.64 +/- 0.58 mg/L). A bone marrow study and a thoraco-abdomino-pelvic scan were normal. The rearrangement in the skin was monoclonal, whereas in peripheral blood and lymph nodes it was polyclonal. With the diagnosis of @entity4888 stage @entity3480 (according to the TNM classification), treatment was initiated with psoralen plus ultraviolet light A (PUVA), three times a week, plus oral @entity35406 at a dose of 300 mg/m2/day. The parents were informed that this treatment was not approved for this age group and informed consent was obtained. The clinical tolerance to @entity35406 was very good, although low doses of @entity2993 (10 mg/day) and 75-100 mg of @entity1955 were needed to control the expected adverse reactions to oral @entity554 . After 32 sessions of PUVA and 6 months of treatment with oral @entity35406 , the skin patches regressed, except for the plaque on the left buttock and the nodule on the right hemithorax (Fig. 4). There was no evidence of @entity3329 clinically or via sonographic evaluation. @entity35406 was discontinued after @entity1 clearance and resolution of adenopathies. Nevertheless, 5 months after discontinuation of oral treatment, the @entity1 developed multiple, scaling, nonconfluent macules on the trunk and arms affecting almost 30% of the body surface area, which disappeared with the application of @entity38689 . He did not present significant lymphadenopathies.

title: XXXX treated with @entity35406 and PUVA.

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity38689 :: ('MESH:C078007', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone aceponate']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity35406 :: ('MESH:C095105', 'Chemical') :: ['bexarotene', 'Bexarotene']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['pruritic eruption']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['TIA', 'T-cell intracellular antigen']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left axillary adenopathy']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['Juvenile mycosis fungoides']


abstract: @entity28 and @entity101 have been recognized as inflammatory diseases capable of activating the immune system, thus contributing to an increased cardiovascular risk. However, the link between adaptive immunity, @entity28 , and @entity101 is poorly understood. We investigated the relationship of the body mass index (BMI) on the inflammatory, vascular, and immune responses in @entity1 with @entity101 na  ve of anti- @entity101 treatment. @entity101 @entity1 (N = 88) were divided into three groups: normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and @entity28 ( @entity28 ) subjects. Anti-oxidized LDL autoantibodies (anti-oxLDL Abs), anti- @entity755 -D peptide (anti- @entity755 -D) Abs, @entity687 and @entity688 , @entity384 ( @entity384 ) of the brachial artery, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) were assessed. @entity28 @entity1 presented lower levels of anti-oxLDL Abs and @entity688 , higher levels of @entity687 , and impaired @entity384 , when compared to NW and OW (P < 0.05), without differences between groups regarding anti- @entity755 -D Abs. After adjusting for age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, anti-oxLDL Abs were inversely correlated with BMI and waist circumference (r = -0.24, P = 0.02 and r = -0.25, P = 0.02, respectively), whereas @entity755 -D correlated with 24-h ABPM (r = 0.22, P = 0.05 for systolic, and r = 0.29, P = 0.01 for diastolic blood pressure). Regression analyses showed inverse associations of anti-oxLDL Abs with BMI (b = -0.05, P = 0.01) and waist circumference (b = -0.01, P = 0.02); anti- @entity755 -D Abs were associated with systolic and diastolic 24-h ABPM (b = 0.96, P = 0.04; b = 1.02, P = 0.005, for systolic and diastolic 24-h ABPM, respectively). Among @entity101 @entity1 , @entity28 modulates the immune and inflammatory milieu, determining an unfavorable balance of cytokines and reduction in titers of anti-oxLDL Abs. Twenty-four hour ABPM is associated with titers of anti- @entity755 -D Abs.

title: @entity28 modulates the immune response to oxidized LDL in @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity', 'OB']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 presented with a 4-month history of a @entity158 and @entity203 consisting of crusted plaques and @entity4530 on his face, scalp and chest. The @entity1 suffered from @entity10 but was afebrile. Two skin biopsies revealed an epidermis which was eroded and covered by locules of serum and neutrophils. In the underlying dermis, there was a marked mixed inflammatory reaction including lymphocytes, neutrophils and numerous eosinophils. There was exocytosis of eosinophils into several follicles with areas of @entity12620 . A diagnosis of necrotizing @entity1712 was made based upon the clinical and histopathological findings. The diagnosis was supported by the rapid response to a combination of @entity3352 and @entity7265 . The @entity1 has taken continuous @entity3352 (with @entity7619 and @entity396 cover) and @entity7265 for 2 years. If treatment is withdrawn he experiences a flare of his disease within 2 weeks. This case highlights the potentially chronic nature of this disease.

title: Successful treatment of recalcitrant necrotizing @entity1712 using XXXX and @entity7265 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity7619 :: ('MESH:C063129', 'Chemical') :: ['rabeprazole']

entities_list: @entity12620 :: ('MESH:D000507', 'Disease') :: ['follicular mucinosis']

entities_list: @entity7265 :: ('MESH:D002506', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalexin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches and malaise']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['indomethacin']


abstract: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of non-metastatic cells 1 gene ( @entity18962 ) may attribute to the changing of promoter activities. In addition, high @entity18962 protein levels are correlated with negative @entity1600 in @entity356 . This study evaluated possible associations between SNPs in @entity18962 gene and @entity356 susceptibility, clinicopathological parameters, or survival. We obtained @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 404 @entity356 @entity1 and blood samples from 404 controls. SNPs were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A significant correlation between SNPs and lymph node @entity3 risk was found. @entity1 carrying TT genotype in @entity38743 , AA genotype in @entity38744 , TT genotype in @entity38745 , CC genotype in @entity38746 , and GG genotype in @entity38747 were correlated to greater numbers of lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.023 in @entity38743 ; P = 0.015 in @entity38744 ; P = 0.043 in @entity38745 ; P = 0.008 in @entity38746 ; and P = 0.021 in @entity38747 , respectively). Moreover, the haplotype TATCG were associated with positive @entity1600 (P = 0.039) and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.048) compared to the haplotype CTGTT carriers. Furthermore, @entity1 carrying AA genotype in @entity38744 or the haplotype TATCG had poor survival in T4 subgroup (P = 0.038 in univariate and P = 0.014 in multivariate analysis for @entity38744 , and P = 0.017 in univariate and P = 0.012 in multivariate analysis for TATCG, respectively). In conclusion, SNPs in @entity18962 gene may play an important role in regulating @entity1600 and, thus, affect survival in T4 subgroup of @entity356 in a Northern Chinese population.

title: Associations of non-metastatic cells 1 gene polymorphisms with @entity1600 risk of XXXX in Northern Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a modified assessment for retreatment with transarterial chemoembolization ( @entity32451 ) score that may be more suitable for Chinese @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chinese @entity1 with @entity157 who were treated with transarterial chemoembolization in four hospitals were included. A univariate analysis and a multivariate forward Cox regression analysis were used to identify significant prognostic factors of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). A point scoring model was subsequently developed from the training cohort, and the validation process was performed in the validation cohort. RESULTS: The study included 259 @entity1 (124 @entity1 in the training cohort and 135 @entity1 in the validation cohort). Increase in @entity1 -Pugh scores relative to the baseline (P < .001), Barcelona Clinic @entity96 (BCLC) stage B before first transarterial chemoembolization (P = .001), and absence of radiologic @entity5 response (P < .001) were identified as negative prognostic factors for @entity1349 and were used to create the @entity32451 scores. BCLC staging was substituted for @entity5906 aminotransferase increase in the @entity32451 scores. The @entity32451 scores differentiated two groups with distinct prognosis by a cutoff score of 2.5 points (22.9 mo [95% confidence interval (CI), 17.4-28.4] vs 8.9 mo [95% CI, 7.5-10.3] in median survival; P < .001). In the validation cohort, the C index in assessment for retreatment with transarterial chemoembolization ( @entity32451 ) criteria was 0.64, whereas it was 0.82 in @entity32451 criteria. CONCLUSIONS: In Chinese @entity1 with @entity157 , @entity32451 score of > 2.5 before second transarterial chemoembolization was associated with poor prognosis. The @entity32451 score was probably better validated compared with the @entity32451 score.

title: A Modified Model for Assessment for Retreatment with Transarterial Chemoembolization in Chinese XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: To study the substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in fish diets, juveniles @entity16988 ( @entity16988 ) were fed diets (56 % crude protein, 12 % crude lipid) containing either linseed (100LO) or @entity1460 (100SO) oils in comparison with a 100 % fish oil-based diet (100FO) for 90 days. Samples of muscle, liver, and intestine were collected for biochemical analysis and for glucocorticoid receptor-related genes, including GR1 and GR2, and the associated @entity1457 proteins HSP70, HSP90AA, and HSP90AB. Besides, basal levels of plasma @entity701 were also determined. After the feeding period, a stress test, consisting on 5 min of net chasing, was applied to a selected population of each dietary group. Total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils did not induced changes in fish growth and performance, but affected @entity844 profile of muscle, liver, and intestine, reflecting those tissues the characteristic @entity1718 of each type of dietary oil. A tendency to conserve the ARA/EPA ratio could be observed in the different tissues, despite of the level of these @entity1718 in diet. Chasing stress induced an increase of muscle GR1 and a reduction in intestinal GR2 relative expressions at any of the experimental diets assayed. In liver, chasing stress induced an increase in both GR1 and GR2 gene expression in fish fed fish oil diets. Similarly, chasing stress induced an increase of muscle HSP70 and decrease of HSP90AB in liver at any of the experimental diet assayed. Besides, vegetable oils decreased the expression of HSP70 in intestine, being the relative expression of liver HSP90AA increased by the inclusion of linseed oil in the diet, at any of the experimental conditions assayed.

title: Total substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in XXXX ( @entity16988 ) diets: effects on fish performance, biochemical composition, and expression of some glucocorticoid receptor-related genes.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity16988 :: ('28829', 'Species') :: ['Senegalese sole', 'Solea senegalensis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity16988 :: (28829,Species) :: ['Senegalese sole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to explore the characteristics of @entity75 in acute @entity911 state (ACS) in @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ). METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with ACS admitted to our institutions from 1992 to 2015 were exhaustively enrolled. Their medical charts and brain MRI scans were reviewed. RESULTS: Eighteen of 36 ACS @entity1 had @entity854 , mostly high-intensity lesions of various sizes in the cerebral white matter. @entity854 improved after treatment in 12 of 14 @entity1 in follow-up studies. @entity854 were not correlated with ages at the onset of ACS, disease durations of @entity1252 , the presence of anti-DNA, anti-phospholipid or anti-ribosomal P antibodies, or @entity650 levels in sera or cerebrospinal fluid. Notably, @entity854 were significantly associated with the presence of serum anti-Sm antibodies (p   =   0.0067). Finally, eight of the 18 @entity1 with @entity854 , but none of the other 18 @entity1 without @entity854 , died from active @entity1252 . Thus, @entity854 significantly increased the mortality in ACS (p   =   0.0013, HR =10.36 [95% CI: 2.487-43.19]). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that @entity1 with ACS with @entity854 have more @entity66 , resulting in poorer prognoses. The data also indicate that anti-Sm is involved in the development of @entity854 in ACS.

title: Brain MRI in @entity1 with acute XXXX state of diffuse psychiatric/neuropsychological syndromes in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['severe diseases']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusional']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus', 'NPSLE']

answer: @entity911 :: (MESH:D003221,Disease) :: ['confusional']


abstract: The effect of low-dose @entity1951 ( @entity1831 ) on vital regional circulations may be clinically relevant but has not been fully described. We sought to determine the effect of low-dose @entity1831 on systemic haemodynamics, coronary, mesenteric and renal circulations in the conscious normal and septic @entity1 . We studied seven Merino @entity742 using a prospective randomized cross-over double-blind placebo-controlled animal design. We inserted flow probes around aorta, coronary, mesenteric and renal arteries and, three weeks later, we infused low-dose @entity1831 (0.02 IU/min) or placebo in the normal and septic state induced by intravenous @entity526 . In normal @entity742 , @entity1831 (0.02 IU/min) induced a 17% decrease in mesenteric blood flow (393.0+/-134.9 vs 472.1+/-163.8 ml/min, P<0.05) and a 14% decrease in mesenteric conductance (P<0.05). In septic @entity742 , @entity1831 @entity998 by 28% and 22%, respectively (P<0.05). It also decreased mesenteric blood flow and mesenteric conductance by 23% (flow: 468.5+/-159.7 vs 611.3+/-136.3 ml/min, P<0.05; conductance: 6.3+/-2.7 vs 8.2+/-2.7 ml/min/mmHg; P<0.05). Renal blood flow was unchanged but urine output and @entity1011 clearance increased (P<0.05). We conclude that low-dose @entity1831 infusion has similar effects in the normal and septic @entity1 circulation: @entity1168 , decreased cardiac output, decreased mesenteric blood flow and conductance and increased urine output and @entity1011 clearance. This information is important to clinicians considering its administration in @entity1 .

title: Effect of low-dose XXXX infusion on vital organ blood flow in the conscious normal and septic @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'mammal']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate and cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1951 :: (MESH:D014667,Chemical) :: ['vasopressin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: National smoking-specific @entity2 mortality rates are unavailable, and studies presenting estimates are limited, particularly by histology. This hinders interpretation. We attempted to rectify this by deriving estimates indirectly, combining data from national rates and epidemiological studies. METHODS: We estimated study-specific absolute mortality rates and variances by histology and smoking habit (never/ever/current/former) based on relative risk estimates derived from studies published in the 20th century, coupled with WHO mortality data for age 70-74 for the relevant country and period. Studies with populations grossly unrepresentative nationally were excluded. 70-74 was chosen based on analyses of large cohort studies presenting rates by smoking and age. Variations by sex, period and region were assessed by meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS: 148 studies provided estimates (Europe 59, America 54, China 22, other Asia 13), 54 providing estimates by histology ( @entity957 , @entity420 ). For all smoking habits and @entity2 types, mortality rates were higher in males, the excess less evident for never smokers. Never smoker rates were clearly highest in China, and showed some increasing time trend, particularly for @entity420 . Ever smoker rates were higher in parts of Europe and America than in China, with the time trend very clear, especially for @entity420 . Variations by time trend and continent were clear for current smokers (rates being higher in Europe and America than Asia), but less clear for former smokers. Models involving continent and trend explained much variability, but non-linearity was sometimes seen (with rates lower in 1991-99 than 1981-90), and there was regional variation within continent (with rates in Europe often high in UK and low in Scandinavia, and higher in North than South America). CONCLUSIONS: The indirect method may be questioned, because of variations in definition of smoking and @entity2 type in the epidemiological database, changes over time in diagnosis of @entity2 types, lack of national representativeness of some studies, and regional variation in smoking misclassification. However, the results seem consistent with the literature, and provide additional information on variability by time and region, including evidence of a rise in never smoker @entity420 rates relative to @entity957 rates.

title: Indirectly estimated absolute XXXX mortality rates by smoking status and histological type based on a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity620 or @entity9050 is important in wound healing due to its essential role in collagen synthesis. To study wound healing in the periodontium, cells adherent to expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) augmentation membranes, recovered from edentulous ridge augmentation procedures, have been established in culture in our laboratories. The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment of these cells with a @entity41345 , which contains @entity620 metabolites (metabolite-supplemented @entity9050 ), would increase the production of collagenous protein and mineralized tissue in vitro, as compared to unsupplemented @entity41345 ( @entity9050 ). METHODS: Cells derived from ePTFE membranes were cultured with @entity621 and the test agents for 2 to 5 weeks, and the surface areas of the cell cultures occupied by mineralized nodules were measured using computerized image analysis. One experiment tested the effects of @entity41346 , one of the @entity620 metabolites in metabolite-supplemented @entity9050 . Incorporation of radioactive @entity1521 and @entity2228 was used as a measure of total protein (radioactivity precipitated by @entity2974 ) and collagenase-digestible protein (radioactivity released by collagenase digestion.) Co-localization of collagen and fibronectin was examined by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: In vitro treatment of these cells with metabolite-supplemented @entity9050 increased the area of the cell cultures occupied by mineralized nodules after 5 weeks. Cell cultures treated with metabolite-supplemented @entity9050 also exhibited significant increases in total protein. The increase in collagenous proteins in these cultures accounted for 85% of the increase in total protein. The greatest difference between treatment groups was observed in the cell-associated fraction containing the extracellular matrix. The additional collagen exhibited normal co-distribution with fibronectin. In cultures treated with @entity9050 spiked with @entity41346 , the area of mineralized tissue was significantly greater than in @entity9050 -treated cultures, but was less than that observed in cultures treated with metabolite-supplemented @entity9050 . CONCLUSIONS: In vitro treatment with @entity9050 containing @entity620 metabolites enhanced the formation of mineralized nodules and collagenous proteins. @entity41346 may be one of the metabolites influencing the mineralization process. Identifying factors which facilitate the formation of mineralized tissue has significant clinical ramifications in terms of wound healing and bone regeneration.

title: Enhanced production of mineralized nodules and collagenous proteins in vitro by XXXX supplemented with @entity620 metabolites.

entities_list: @entity621 :: ('MESH:C031463', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-glycerophosphate']

entities_list: @entity41346 :: ('MESH:C011369', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium threonate', 'Calcium threonate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C', 'vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity2974 :: ('CHEBI:30956', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloracetic acid']

entities_list: @entity41345 :: ('MESH:C069207', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity41345 :: (MESH:C069207,Chemical) :: ['calcium ascorbate']


abstract: To assess pancreatic perfusion in experimental @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DCE MRI on a 1.5 T MR scanner was performed on 21 piglets with the ligation of pancreatic duct. They were divided into four groups based on pathology, including seven normal @entity1707 and seven, three and four piglets with grade I, II and III @entity1689 , respectively. The signal intensity measured in the pancreatic body on DCE MRI was plotted against time to create a @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) curve for each piglet. The steepest slope (SS), @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and peak enhancement ratio (PER) of the @entity1054 curve were noted. In the four groups, on the @entity1054 curve derived from DCE MRI, the SS was, respectively, 10.88 +/- 1.20, 10.59 +/- 1.02, 6.67 +/- 1.31 and 5.48 +/- 1.97%/s (F = 20.509, p = 0.000) from normal piglets to piglets with @entity1689 . The @entity1054 was 13.82 +/- 3.09, 12.31 +/- 5.52, 20.55 +/- 3.79 and 37.26 +/- 14.56 s (F = 10.681, p = 0.000) and the PER was 62.95 +/- 20.20, 60.44 +/- 20.00, 46.33 +/- 22.70 and 67.65 +/- 32.66% (F = 0.529, p = 0.668), respectively. The SS (r = -0.719, p = 0.000) and @entity1054 (r = 0.538, p = 0.012) of the @entity1054 curve was correlated to the severity of @entity1689 , respectively. DCE MRI has a potential to diagnose moderate to advanced @entity1689 . The SS and @entity1054 of the @entity1054 curve were correlated to the severity of @entity1689 .

title: DCE-MRI in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'grade III CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['signal intensity-time', 'TTP', 'time-to-peak', 'SI-T']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: To assess of the value of conservative and operative treatment of @entity1843 of the knee, a multicenter study was performed. In 12 European countries, 798 cases of @entity4713 of the knee have been collected from 44 hospitals. Results were based on 452 @entity1 with 509 affected knees with minimum follow-up was 1 year (mean follow-up, 3 years and 11 months) and sufficient data for evaluation: 61% were male @entity1 ; 39% female @entity1 ; 318 affected knees were found in juvenile @entity1 ; 191 affected knees were in adult or premature @entity1 . The localization was the medial femoral condyle on the lateral side in 51% (typical site) of @entity1 . Various other sites were involved. Of the 509 affected knees, 154 were treated conservatively, 355 were treated surgically (many with multiple operations). For evaluation, the initial situation (at the time of the diagnosis) was favorable in 198 @entity1 (no effusion, diameter of the lesion < 20 mm and no gross dissection on imaging) and unfavorable (one of the parameters did not meet these prerequisites) in 311 @entity1 . The results were better in young @entity1 than in adult @entity1 . However, in the adolescent group, 22% of @entity1 had abnormal knee at follow-up. The classical localization has a better prognosis than an unusual one. @entity1 with a favorable situation at diagnosis have significantly better results after conservative treatment than those who have undergone operation. When there are signs of dissection, the results are better after operative than after conservative treatment.

title: XXXX : a multicenter study of the European Pediatric Orthopedic Society.

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondritis dissecans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondritis']

answer: @entity1843 :: (MESH:D010008,Disease) :: ['Osteochondritis dissecans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consensus-derived guidelines for @entity101 and @entity6 management were introduced by the National Department of Health to improve quality of care. However, the incorporation of guidelines into clinical practice is largely dependent on the attitudes of health professionals. OBJECTIVE: To audit the responses and examine the attitudes of health professionals in primary care towards the @entity6 and @entity101 care guidelines. DESIGN: Qualitative focus group, in-depth discussions and clinic observations. SETTING: Four @entity497 ( @entity497 ) in the Western Cape. SUBJECTS: Fifteen doctors and 10 professional nurses. METHODS: The responses of health professionals to the guidelines were audited. Their attitudes were evaluated at a single pilot CHC using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Semi-structured interviews based on these themes were conducted at 3 other @entity497 . Clinic consultations were observed to validate the responses. RESULTS: The guidelines were not systematically implemented at local @entity497 and individual doctors consulted the guidelines infrequently. Several themes were identified as barriers to the application of the guidelines, including the consultation process by which the guidelines were developed, time constraints, scepticism about durability of the guidelines, conflict with local practices, health system problems, and @entity1 beliefs. CONCLUSION: The usefulness of passive dissemination of guidelines to health professionals in primary care should be reviewed as several attitudinal barriers to implementation may exist. Guidelines may be adopted more readily if these barriers are addressed.

title: Ambivalence of primary health care professionals towards the South African guidelines for XXXX and @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health centres', 'CHCs']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The present study investigated the effect of acute intragastric (i.g.) administration of dry Hypericum perforatum extract (HPE), containing 0.3% hypericin, on @entity1068 intake in genetically selected Marchigian Sardinian @entity167 -preferring (msP) @entity35 . The i.g. administration of HPE, 125 or 250 mg/kg, induced a 30-40% reduction in @entity1068 intake in @entity35 offered 10% (v/v) @entity1068 for 2 h/day. The effect of these doses was selective, since they modified neither food intake nor food-associated drinking; neither did the same doses modify the @entity35 's gross behaviour in the open-field test. A dose of 500 mg/kg frequently induced immobility and a general suppression of ingestive behaviour. In @entity35 offered 10% @entity1068 for 12 h/day, @entity1068 intake following treatment with 250 mg/kg HPE was significantly lower than that of controls for up to 10 h. The effect on @entity1068 intake was not related to the antidepressant-like effect of HPE revealed in the forced swimming test. In this regard, the effect on @entity1068 intake was observed after a single administration of 125 mg/kg, whereas the antidepressant effect was observed only after repeated treatment with doses higher than 125 mg/kg HPE. The i.g. administration of HPE, 250 mg/kg, did not affect blood- @entity167 levels following i.g. treatment with 0.7 g/kg @entity1068 , the amount usually ingested in a single drinking episode; thus, the effect is not related to changes in the pharmacokinetics of @entity1068 . The present study shows that HPE markedly reduces @entity1068 intake in msP @entity35 , without significantly modifying food intake.

title: Effects of Hypericum perforatum extraction on @entity167 intake in Marchigian Sardinian XXXX -preferring @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity19857 is a chronic from of inflammatory @entity1909 characterized by @entity5105 with predominant localization on the face (nasolabial folds, eyebrows, hair-line and ears). It appears to be caused by proliferation of Malassezia @entity375 . @entity12742 8% gel (Lithioderm 8% gel) is the only drug containing topical @entity1091 salt commercially available in France for the treatment of @entity19857 . The mechanism of action of topical @entity1091 is not well known; it may act through anti-inflammatory and antifungal action. Efficacy and safety were assessed in 2 clinical studies, one versus placebo and the other versus @entity3102 2% foaming gel using the same principal criterion defined as the rate of @entity1 showing complete remission after 2 months of treatment (complete disappearance of both @entity5105 ). @entity12742 8% was significantly more effective than placebo and than @entity3102 2% foaming gel and was well tolerated. Adverse events observed were cutaneous (burning sensation, erythema and @entity111 ), for the most part of mild severity. No cutaneous side effects contributed to those reported with the use of systemic @entity1091 in @entity146 were noted. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that systemic absorption after topical application is low. Lithioderm 8% gel is applied twice daily over a recommended period of 2 months. It constitutes a new alternative in the treatment of @entity19857 , regardless of severity.

title: [ XXXX 8% in the treatment of @entity19857 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19857 :: ('MESH:D012628', 'Disease') :: ['facial seborrheic dermatitis', 'seborrheic dermatitis', 'Seborrheic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['erythema and desquamation']

entities_list: @entity12742 :: ('MESH:C030691', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity12742 :: (MESH:C030691,Chemical) :: ['Lithium gluconate']


abstract: @entity5684 ( @entity5684 ; @entity66 ) is caused by deficiency of the enzyme @entity20102 ( @entity20102 ) and @entity1 present with a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms. The level of activity of @entity20102 , however, does not allow prediction of phenotype. In our study of unrelated individuals with @entity5684 , alterations in the @entity20102 gene could be identified in all 155 @entity1 . Investigations in families in which the occurrence of @entity5684 was sporadic revealed mosaicism in the mothers of a small number of @entity1 and a high frequency of de novo mutations occurring preferentially during male meiosis. Mutations identified in our @entity1 include 27 large alterations and 128 small gene alterations (96 different alterations). These data further confirm the extreme heterogeneity of @entity20102 gene alterations, as more than 330 have been reported to date. This genetic heterogeneity may explain the high degree of clinical heterogeneity in @entity5684 . Therefore, attempts have been made to establish genotype-phenotype correlations in order to provide an indication of the likely prognosis and a basis on which to evaluate treatment. To date, some progress has been made in predicting the clinical phenotype from the genotype although it remains difficult in a few individual cases. However, as the crystallographic 3D structure of @entity20102 is yet to be determined, evaluation of the impact of mutations on @entity20102 activity is often time consuming. Furthermore, if a given mutation is recurrent, some @entity1 carrying the same change may present with different phenotypes, suggesting that factors other than the @entity20102 gene (e.g. other genes, environmental factors) can modulate the clinical phenotype. CONCLUSION: Although genotype-phenotype correlations may be difficult to establish, they will be of increasing importance for choosing the most appropriate therapy for an individual @entity1 , as new therapeutic strategies may be targeted according to phenotype.

title: XXXX : an update on mutation spectrum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity20102 :: ('3423', 'Gene') :: ['iduronate-2-sulphatase', 'IDS']

entities_list: @entity5684 :: ('MESH:D016532', 'Disease') :: ['Mucopolysaccharidosis type II', 'MPS II']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Hunter disease']

answer: @entity5684 :: (MESH:D016532,Disease) :: ['Mucopolysaccharidosis type II']


abstract: 1. A defined medium supporting the proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte precursors isolated from inguinal fat pads of 8-12-day-old @entity19 was developed. 2. It consists of a 1:1 mixture of DME and WAJC404A media supplemented with insulin (10 micrograms/ml), @entity3654 (10 micrograms/ml), fibroblast growth factor (10 ng/ml) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) (90 micrograms protein/ml). 3. DME-F12 medium (1:1 mixture) used as a nutrient mixture in the defined medium of @entity35 and @entity1 adipocyte precursors was inadequate for cultivating @entity19 adipocyte precursors. 4. HDL had a definite beneficial effect on both preadipocyte growth and differentiation. 5. Differentiation was enhanced by addition of @entity619 (10(-9) M) but could be almost completely inhibited by @entity641 ( @entity641 ). 6. @entity641 was shown to be effective only when present in the early stages of differentiation.

title: The primary culture of XXXX adipocyte precursor cells in defined medium.

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta 1', 'TGF-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cortical @entity413 metabolism, brain amyloid b accumulation and hippocampal atrophy imaging have all been suggested as potential biomarkers in predicting which @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) will convert to @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic ability of @entity11703 PET, @entity419 PET and quantitative hippocampal volumes measured with MR imaging in predicting conversion to @entity195 in @entity1 with @entity73 . METHODS: The study group comprised 29 @entity1 with @entity73 who underwent @entity11703 PET and MR imaging. Of these, 22 also underwent @entity419 PET. All subjects were invited back for clinical evaluation after 2 years. RESULTS: During the follow-up time 17 @entity1 had converted to @entity195 while 12 continued to meet the criteria for @entity73 . The two groups did not differ in age, gender or education level, but the converter group tended to have lower MMSE and Word List learning than the nonconverter group. High @entity11703 retention in the frontotemporal regions and anterior and posterior cingulate (p < 0.05) predicted conversion to @entity195 . Also reduced @entity419 uptake in the left lateral temporal cortex (LTC) predicted conversion (p < 0.05), but quantitative hippocampal volumes did not (p > 0.1). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis the measurements that best predicted the conversion were @entity11703 retention in the lateral frontal cortex and @entity419 uptake in the left LTC. Both PET methods resulted in good sensitivity and specificity and neither was significantly superior to the other. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that @entity11703 and @entity419 are superior to hippocampal volumes in predicting conversion to @entity195 in @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: @entity11703 , @entity419 and MR imaging in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: It was recently proposed that the role for @entity12874 synthetase during DNA repair was exerted via a depletion of cellular @entity2125 in order to slow down energy-requiring processes in the cell, notably DNA replication. This would enable the cell to more efficiently repair damaged DNA. In the present study fetal @entity35 pancreatic islet cells were exposed to 2.2 mM @entity3839 (SZ). Using @entity665 labeling and autoradiographic techniques, it was found that cellular nuclear @entity575 grain counts, an index of DNA repair synthesis, were doubled after SZ exposure. However, autoradiographically measured DNA replication remained unaffected. Cellular @entity2125 + @entity2125 contents were reduced by 60% in the SZ-treated islets. Estimates of the @entity12874 synthetase activity showed that this was doubled in islets exposed to SZ. Immediately after the SZ treatment the islets exhibited a 35% reduction in insulin secretion in response to 16.7 mM @entity413 . Taken together, the present findings do not favor the suggested role for @entity12874 synthetase during DNA repair. Rather we observed an increased activity of this enzyme, a lowered cellular @entity2125 + @entity2125 content, and an increased rate of DNA repair synthesis concomitant with an unchanged DNA replicative rate in the SZ-exposed islets.

title: Effects of XXXX exposure in vitro on the replication and repair of DNA in fetal @entity35 pancreatic islet cells.

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']