abstract: @entity5 constitute a rare subset of @entity1653 and display a marked propensity for postsurgical recurrence. This retrospective study evaluates the various parameters which alter the recurrence rate. The records of all @entity5 @entity1 treated from 1984 through 1992 were reviewed, and the time to recurrence or current @entity1 status was determined, and the influence of various @entity1 and disease parameters were analyzed. Thirty-eight @entity1 were treated with 48 @entity5 resections performed (28 total and 20 subtotal), 25 at initial presentation and 23 for recurrent disease; 19 @entity1 received postoperative radiotherapy. Subtypes included 32 @entity1653 , 11 @entity2698 , 2 meningiosarcoma, and 3 @entity1653 . Followup ranged from 3 to 144 months, with five @entity1 excluded from analysis. @entity66 free/progression free survival (DFS) at 5 years was 39% following total resection versus 0% after subtotal resection (p=0.001). For all totally excised lesions, the 5-yr DFS was improved from 28% for surgery alone to 57% with adjuvant radiotherapy (p=NS). Adjuvant irradiation following initial resection increased the 5-yr DFS rates from 15% to 80% (p=0.002). When administered for recurrent lesions, adjuvant radiotherapy improved the 2-yr DFS from 50% to 89% (p=0.015), but had no impact on 5-yr DFS. Multivariate analysis indicates extent of resection, adjuvant radiotherapy, and recurrence status are independent prognostic factors. @entity5 display a tendency for post surgical recurrence, with recurrence significantly increased for multicentric and recurrent disease. Complete surgical resection and the administration of adjuvant irradiation following initial resection are crucial to long-term control.

title: XXXX : an indication for initial aggressive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Actuarial disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant meningiomas', 'malignant meningioma']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic meningioma', 'papillary meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of intra-operative frozen section reports at identifying the features of high risk uterine disease compared with final histopathology. DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: The records of 460 @entity1 with uterine @entity5 registered with the Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 1998 were reviewed. Intra-operative frozen section was undertaken in 260 @entity1 with @entity1204 . Frozen section pathology was compared with the final histopathology reports. Inter-observer reliability was assessed using percentage agreement and kappa statistics. Clinical notes were also reviewed to determine if errors resulted in sub-optimal @entity1 care. RESULTS: Respectively, @entity5 grade and depth of myometrial invasion were accurately reported in 88.6% of cases (expected 61.5%, Kappa 0.70) and 94.7% (expected 53.8%, Kappa 0.89). Errors were predominantly attributable to difficulties with respect to the interpretation of @entity5 grade. The error resulted in the @entity1 receiving sub-optimal surgical management in only 11 cases (5.3%) CONCLUSION: Frozen section is accurate at identifying the features of high risk uterine disease in the setting of @entity1204 and can play an important role in directing primary operative management.

title: Accuracy of frozen section for the operative management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The metabolism of lipids may be altered in @entity3458 and @entity8674 @entity1 . METHODS: Plasma lipids in 24 @entity1 with @entity3458 (SS), 15 @entity1 with @entity8674 ( @entity8674 ), 19 individuals with sickle cell trait ( @entity5427 ) and 62 healthy individuals (AA) were measured. RESULT: Total @entity165 concentrations in both sexes with @entity3458 (SS males: 104.7, SS females: 142.7 mg/dl) and @entity8674 ( @entity8674 males: 116.7, @entity8674 females: 137.5 mg/dl) were lower (P<0.05) than @entity5427 ( @entity5427 males: 171.5, @entity5427 females: 185.4 mg/dl) and normal individuals (AA males: 173.7, AA females: 183.0 mg/dl). The mean HDL- @entity165 in males with SS (35.6 mg/dl) and @entity8674 (40.7 mg/dl) were (P=0.001) lower than @entity5427 males (58.9 mg/dl). However, the mean HDL- @entity165 in females with SS (43.2 mg/dl) was lower (P<0.001) than @entity5427 females (62.7 mg/dl). The mean LDL- @entity165 of males with SS (53.8 mg/dl) was lower (P<0.01) than @entity5427 (89.4 mg/dl) and control males (115.9 mg/dl). Males with @entity8674 had a lower (P<0.001) LDL- @entity165 (58.0 mg/dl) compared to control males. In females with SS the LDL- @entity165 (78.3 mg/dl) was lower (P<0.001) than control females (124.3 mg/dl). However, females with @entity8674 had lower (P<0.05) LDL- @entity165 (61.6 mg/dl) than @entity5427 (101.7 mg/dl) and control females. There was no significant difference in total concentrations of @entity165 and @entity1674 between males and females with @entity5427 and those with normal hemoglobin. However, the HDL- @entity165 in both genders with @entity5427 was higher (P<0.001) than normal subjects. Also, the concentration of LDL- @entity165 in both males and females with @entity5427 was lower than control males (P<0.05) and females. CONCLUSIONS: Hemolytic stress could be associated with a significant reduction in plasma lipids and lipoproteins. It appears that @entity1 with @entity3458 and individuals with sickle cell trait are at a lower risk for @entity453 .

title: Plasma lipids in Iranians with @entity3458 : hypocholesterolemia in @entity3458 and increase of HDL- XXXX in sickle cell trait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia', 'ST', 'sickle/beta-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: I. OBJECTIVE. The present study was undertaken in order to determine the onset of @entity2319 , especially whether it is congenital or acquired, making an investigation into the sense of sound direction in monaural @entity393 and @entity2319 and comparing them between @entity393 @entity1 and normal hearers. II. SUBJECTS. This study was carried out on 26 @entity1 with monaural @entity393 , 22 @entity1 with @entity2319 and 10 normal hearers. III. METHODS. A circle with a radius of 1.3m was drawn around a fixed @entity1 's position in a sound proof room, and the circle was divided into 16 directions at an equal angle of 22.5 degrees. A blindfolded hearer was instructed to listen to a speaker for white noise of 60dB (A) for one second and verbally answer in which direction he heard the noise. The normal hearers were tested in 4-, 8-, and 16-directions, and the @entity393 @entity1 were tested in only 8-directions. IV. RESULTS. 1. Normal Hearers The rate of correct answers decreased with increasing directions of sound. The incorrect answers in 4-direction testing were only confusion between forward and backward directions, and similar incorrect answers were made in 8- and 16-direction testing. All other incorrect answers were errors of less than 45 degrees. 2. Monaurally Hearing-impaired @entity1 The rate of correct answers on the whole was low. There was such a relationship between the rate of correct answers and the mean hearing level of @entity1 that the total rate of correct answers decreased with increasing @entity393 . This correlation was statistically significant, and there was a still more significant correlation between the degree of @entity393 and the rate of correct answers as to the right and left directions. Incorrect answers were errors of 90 degrees or less on the healthy side, while errors were made for all directions on the affected side. 3. Monaurally Deaf @entity1 The rate of correct answers was by far lower on the affected side. Whereas many errors were within 45 degrees on the healthy side, errors were made for all directions on the affected side. Judging from the onset of @entity393 , the monaurally deaf @entity1 were divided into a group of 8 @entity1 who obviously had sudden @entity2319 and a group of 9 @entity1 who were presumed to have @entity2319 . The mean rate of correct answers of the former group was superior to the latter group's, particularly on the effected side.

title: [Directional hearing of unilaterally hearing impaired--especially sense of sound direction in monaural XXXX and @entity2319 ].

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['monaural deafness', 'congenital monaural deafness', 'acquired deafness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment', 'hearing-impaired']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing impairment']


abstract: The recent availability of both cordocentesis, a low risk and effective technique for fetal blood sampling, and ultrasensitive/highly specific two-site immunofluorometric assays (IFMA) for pituitary and chorionic glycoprotein hormone (I-LH, I-FSH, and I-CG) measurement prompted us to study the maturation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in 114 normal @entity1 fetuses (49 females and 65 males) from 17-40 weeks gestation. The subjects were selected from 216 consecutive cordocenteses carried out for rapid karyotyping and diagnosis of fetal @entity1503 . In addition, FSH bioactivity (B-FSH) was measured by @entity35 Sertoli cell aromatase induction assay, @entity52871 (alpha-SU) by RIA, and circulating free @entity251 (fT) by direct analog technique. No significant cross-reactions were recorded in the different measurement methods. In particular, alpha-SU did not interfere in any IFMA, and CG cross-reactivity in LH IFMA was 0.5%. Circulating I-LH, I-FSH, and B-FSH levels at 17-24 weeks gestation were significantly higher in female than in male fetuses (I-LH, 48 +/- 4 vs. 6.3 +/- 0.7 U/L; I-FSH, 35 +/- 2 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.1 U/L; B-FSH, 131 +/- 17 vs. 43.4 +/- 5.4 U/L). During the last weeks of gestation, a significant decrease in I-LH and I-FSH levels was seen in both female and male fetuses (I-LH, 0.24 +/- 0.05 and 1.0 +/- 0.3 U/L; I-FSH, 0.45 +/- 0.1 and 0.5 +/- 0.1 U/L), while serum B-FSH remained elevated, but the previously recorded difference between sexes disappeared (54.3 +/- 7.2 and 58.7 +/- 7.3 U/L). Circulating I-CG and alpha-SU levels at midgestation were elevated in both female and male fetuses (I-CG, 117 +/- 29 and 191 +/- 44 U/L; alpha-SU, 143 +/- 16 and 105 +/- 9 micrograms/L, respectively) and decreased thereafter (I-CG, 42 +/- 9 and 26 +/- 6 U/L; alpha-SU, 60 +/- 15 and 37 +/- 6 micrograms/L). Serum fT levels at midgestation were significantly lower in females than in males (4.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 10.0 +/- 0.8 pmol/L) and increased until term, when the difference between sexes disappeared (16.2 +/- 1.8 vs. 17.6 +/- 1.6 pmol/L).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Maturation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in normal @entity1 fetuses: circulating levels of gonadotropins, their common alpha-subunit and free XXXX , and discrepancy between immunological and biological activities of circulating follicle-stimulating hormone.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['infection or hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity52871 :: ('116700(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and @entity148 ( @entity148 ) can help hand surgeons identify opportunities for psychologic support, but they are time consuming. If easier-to-use tools were available and valid, they might be widely adopted. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We tested the validity of shorter versions of the PCS and @entity148 , the PCS-4 and the @entity148 -5, by assessing: (1) the difference in mean scaled scores of the short and long questionnaires; (2) floor and ceiling effects between the short and long questionnaires; (3) correlation between the short questionnaires and the outcome measures (an indication of construct validity); and (4) variability in disability and @entity158 , between the short and long questionnaires. METHODS: One hundred sixty-four new or followup adult @entity1 in one hand surgery clinic completed the @entity148 -18, @entity148 -5, PCS-13, PCS-4, @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, PHQ-2, DASH, and QuickDASH questionnaires, and an @entity158 scale, as part of a prospective cross-sectional study. Mean scores for the short and long questionnaires were compared with paired t-tests. Floor and ceiling effects were calculated. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the correlation between the short and long questionnaires and with outcome measures. Regression analyses were performed to find predictors of @entity158 and disability. RESULTS: There were small, but significant differences between the mean scores for the DASH and QuickDASH (QuickDASH higher), @entity148 -18 and @entity148 -5 ( @entity148 -18 higher), and PCS-13 and PCS-4 (PCS-4 higher), but not the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2. Floor effects ranged between 0% and 65% and ceiling effects between 0% and 3%. There were greater floor effects for the PHQ-2 than for the PHQ-9, but floor and ceiling effects were otherwise comparable for the other short and long questionnaires. All questionnaires showed convergent and divergent validity and criterion validity was shown in multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Content validity, construct convergent validity, and criterion validity were established for the short versions of the PCS and @entity148 . Using shorter forms creates small differences in mean values that we believe are unlikely to affect study results and are more efficient and advantageous because of the decreased responder burden.

title: Abbreviated psychologic questionnaires are valid in XXXX with hand conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['SHAI', 'Short Health Anxiety Inventory']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'ordinal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. The present study examined the interaction of U-50,488H (specific k-agonist) with @entity3988 ( @entity460 channel antagonist) or @entity9898 ( @entity460 channel agonist) on isolated left and right atria of the @entity35 . 2. The inhibitory effects of U-50,488H on left and right atria were unaffected by the k-receptor antagonist @entity4597 (10(-7) and 5 x 10(-7) M) suggesting that they were not mediated via opioid receptors. 3. The inhibitory cardiac effects induced by @entity4596 were antagonized in presence of @entity9898 . The negative inotropic response to the maximum concentration of U-50,488H used in presence of two concentrations of @entity9898 (10(-9), 3 x 10(-9) M) were 19 +/- 0.9% and 9 +/- 0.1% reductions in contractility respectively. These values were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that obtained with the k-agonist alone (76 +/- 3.6%). Similar results were obtained for the negative chronotropism of right atria. 4. The inhibitory effect of U-50,488H was potentiating in the presence of @entity3988 (5 x 10(-8) or 10(-7) M). The IC50 values for U-50,488H obtained in the left (22 +/- 2 x 10(-6) M) and right atria (610 +/- 40 x 10(-6) M) were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased in the presence of @entity3988 . 5. These data demonstrate that transmembrane @entity460 influx may play an important role in the inhibitory cardiac effects of U-50,488H, which may be independent of k-receptor stimulation.

title: Interaction of U-50,488H with XXXX channel agonists and antagonists in different cardiac tissues.

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity11026 ( @entity11026 ) agonists modulate diverse autonomic functions. These actions are believed to involve functionally specialized, second-order neurons in @entity2922 -containing portions of the medial nucleus tractus solitarius (mNTS) at both intermediate (NTSi) and caudal (NTSc) levels. However, the cellular mechanisms subserving @entity11026 -mediated actions within the mNTS have yet to be established. Immunocytochemistry was employed to examine the subcellular distribution of @entity11026 in both the intermediate and caudal mNTS and its association with cells containing the @entity2922 -synthesizing enzyme @entity669 hydroxylase (TH). Quantitative regional comparison using immunogold showed that this receptor was distributed differentially to dendrites (NTSi, 46%; NTSc, 31%) and glia (NTSi, 29%; NTSc, 48%) at different levels of the NTS. Somata, axons, and terminals less frequently contained @entity11026 . The subcellular distribution of @entity11026 relative to catecholaminergic neurons also was similar within both subregions. Approximately 50% of @entity11026 -labeled somata also contained TH. In somatic profiles, @entity11026 labeling was often found in the cytosol and in association with endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, sites of receptor synthesis and trafficking. Approximately 20% of @entity11026 -immunoreactive dendrites also contained TH, where the receptor was often found on extrasynaptic portions of the plasma membrane near unlabeled terminals, some of which made symmetric contacts. However, TH-labeled terminals and dendrites usually were detected in the neuropil at a short distance (<10 microm) from @entity11026 -labeled neurons. @entity11026 -labeled glia frequently apposed unlabeled dendrites and terminals and were often located near TH-immunoreactive dendrites. These results indicate that, within the mNTS, @entity11026 is involved in a variety of autonomic processes, including postsynaptic modulation of mostly noncatecholaminergic dendrites, as well as influencing glia functions.

title: Subcellular localization of alpha-2A-adrenergic receptors in the rat medial nucleus tractus solitarius: regional targeting and relationship with XXXX neurons.

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity11026 :: ('25083(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor', 'alpha2A-AR']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to define the role of endorectal ultrasound in the evaluation of transphincteric @entity292 treated with a seton. METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 affected by @entity292 and treated with the application of a drain seton at the Second Unit of General Surgery of the University of Cagliari were recruited for the study. Clinical and ultrasonographic (US) evaluation, with transanal scans, were performed in each case before operation. Intraoperative demonstration of a transphincteric track was an indication for a partial fistulotomy with the application of a seton, tied up loosely around the external sphincter. If clinical and US evaluation, during follow-up, revealed a good drainage of the @entity292 by the seton and its superficialization, definitive fistulotomy was performed. RESULTS: Endoanal US had an 88.2% accuracy. @entity1463 around the seton was observed in 9 @entity1 (17.6%); in other 9 cases a surgical toilette of the track was necessary because of the bad drainage carried out by the seton. Definitive fistulotomy was performed in 35 @entity1 , whilst 16 are still bearer of the seton. After a mean follow-up of 39.5 months, 1 recurrence (2.9%) has occurred. Functional results were satisfactory: 55.9% of the @entity1 has a perfect continence and 88.2% has a Wexner's @entity322 score of up to 5. CONCLUSIONS: At skilled institutions, endoanal ultrasound allows to optimize the therapy of transphincteric @entity292 treated with a seton and contribute to obtain good results in terms of recurrence and functional outcomes.

title: [Role of endoanal ultrasound in the evaluation of XXXX treated with a seton].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['complex fistula-in-ano', 'fistula', 'fistula-in-ano']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula-in-ano']


abstract: @entity113 is an immunologically mediated, anatomically limited, nonpitting @entity4 that can lead to life-threatening @entity1224 . To predict the risk of airway compromise in @entity113 , we retrospectively reviewed 93 episodes in 80 @entity1 from 1985 to 1995. Intubation or tracheotomy was necessary in 9 (9.7%) cases. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use in 36 cases (39%) was associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (P = 0.05). ICU stay correlated significantly with presentation with voice change, hoarseness, @entity1353 , and @entity1910 (P < 0.05). Voice change, hoarseness, @entity1353 , and stridor were present in @entity1 requiring airway intervention (P < 0.05). On the basis of our data, we propose a staging system by which airway risk may be predicted from the anatomic site of presentation. @entity1 with @entity1910 , @entity4 , @entity4 (stage I), and soft palate @entity4 (stage II) were treated as outpatients and on the hospital ward. @entity1 with @entity4 (stage III) usually required ICU admission. All @entity1 with @entity4 (stage IV) were admitted to the ICU. Airway intervention was necessary in 7% of stage III @entity1 and in 24% of stage IV cases. No @entity204 were caused by @entity113 . Airway risk in @entity113 may be predicted by anatomic site of presentation, allowing appropriate triage with preparation for airway intervention in selected cases.

title: Predicting airway risk in XXXX : staging system based on presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['facial rash', 'rash']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial edema', 'laryngeal edema', 'lingual edema', 'edema', 'lip edema']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema', 'Angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity113 :: (MESH:D000799,Disease) :: ['angioedema']


abstract: Changes in rectal and skin temperatures following intraventricular injection of biogenic @entity4478 and related substances were investigated in @entity35 . Intraventricular injection of @entity1063 in a small dose (6 mug) produced a slight elevation of rectal temperature, but in larger amounts (25-50 mug) resulted in a dose-dependent @entity2332 which was associated with a marked rise of skin temperature. No change was observed in plasma free @entity844 and @entity413 levels and @entity26 consumption after intraventricular injection of @entity1063 (25 mug). Intraventricular injection of @entity2645 and @entity55844 produced a slight fall in the rectal temperature. @entity1063 -induced @entity2332 was more pronounced in @entity35 pretreated with @entity55844 and less in @entity35 pretreated with @entity8490 , as compared with that in controls. Intraventricular injection of @entity2955 (0.75-250 mug) brought about a marked dose-dependent @entity2332 . The second injection of @entity2955 5 days after the first injection had no effect on the body temperature. @entity1063 injection 2 days after the second injection of @entity2955 produced a more pronounced @entity2332 than the change in control @entity35 without pretreatments. @entity1767 did not affect the @entity2332 induced by @entity2955 . Intraventricular injection of @entity935 and @entity3034 showed less effect that @entity1063 had. Intraventricular injection of @entity5333 prior to @entity1063 blocked the @entity2332 and skin temperature elevation which are normally observed following @entity1063 injection, while @entity1169 given in the same way showed less or no effect. Intraventricular injection of @entity2647 produced a dose-dependent @entity2332 , whereas no dose-response relationship was obtained by @entity3044 . These results suggest that in the @entity35 the hypothermic effect of @entity1063 injected intraventricularly is mediated by an action of central alpha-receptor. At high and low ambient @entity2332 was similarly observed following intraventricular injection of @entity750 (25 mug) as at normal room temperature. On the other hand, @entity1063 (25 mug) produced a rise in rectal temperature at high ambient temperature and a marked fall at low ambient temperature. The hypothermic effect of @entity1063 was not different between cold-adapted ones at room temperature. From the results the role of @entity1063 and other biogenic @entity4478 in the brain in thermoregulatory processes was discussed.

title: [Role of brain biogenic @entity4478 in the central thermoregulatory mechanism of the XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity55844 :: ('MESH:C013242', 'Chemical') :: ['safrazine']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity8490 :: ('CHEBI:6912', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine', 'Norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'temperatures hypothermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: To prevent the high mortality rate associated with @entity1755 ( @entity1028 ), population screening at or soon after retirement age has been advocated, with elective operations being performed on @entity1 with the appropriate indications. There is considerable pressure on some health authorities to fund such programmes even though there is substantial uncertainty about the consequent benefits. The ultrasound screening test is acceptable and accurate. Also, other health problems may be detected in the same screen. However, screening would lead to a questionable increase in surgery, as most @entity1 with @entity1028 die from other causes and not from a @entity1756 . In addition, there is an elective operative mortality of around 5 per cent. Furthermore, as many of those who have a positive result on screening would never have known that they harbour an @entity439 , there is the possibility of unnecessary @entity148 arising from the test. An economic analysis has been conducted for two identical, hypothetical cohorts of @entity1 using the best available data. One cohort was assumed to undergo screening and a number of @entity1 were indicated for immediate elective @entity439 repair or for follow-up, and surgery if their @entity439 become large. The other cohort was assumed not to be screened and would thereby face the possibility of @entity397 with its adverse outcome. The survival prospects of the two cohorts were calculated as life expectancies and in terms of life-years: the incremental life-years gained were compared with the incremental costs of the programme. Although there are considerable uncertainties in the analysis parameters, the base-line result and sensitivity analysis indicate that, on the basis of current knowledge, population screening should not be introduced.

title: Population screening for XXXX : do the benefits outweigh the costs?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: @entity463 multiforme (GBM) has associated with it one of the poorest prognoses among @entity1313 . @entity410 and the side effects of anticonvulsants, routinely given for prophylactic purposes, add to @entity1 morbidity. The primary goal of this study was to determine who, of those undergoing craniotomy for GBM resection, is at risk for @entity302 . We studied 72 consecutive @entity1 who underwent craniotomy and palliative resection for GBM. Twenty-nine presented with @entity410 and 17 had postoperative @entity410 . All @entity1 were treated with a postoperative anticonvulsant for at least six months; anticonvulsants were continued longer if there was a postoperative @entity410 . @entity1 factors examined for an association with risk for postoperative @entity410 included age, sex, @entity5 size, @entity5 location, adjuvant therapy, @entity260 and history of preoperative @entity410 . The majority of @entity1 with no prior @entity410 history and who seized postoperatively had their first @entity410 after withdrawal from their anticonvulsant medication. All, but one, of the @entity1 with both pre- and postoperative @entity410 had their first postoperative @entity410 while still on anticonvulsants. Smaller @entity5 size and frontal resection were associated with an increased risk of postoperative @entity410 . Our data suggests that those who do not present with @entity410 and undergo GBM resection may still be prone to seize but more easily protected from postoperative @entity410 with anticonvulsant therapy than @entity1 who present with @entity410 ; resection of frontal @entity5 and @entity5 seemed to indicate an increased risk for postoperative @entity410 .

title: Postoperative epilepsy in @entity1 undergoing craniotomy for XXXX multiforme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Postoperative seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'smaller tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: @entity43335 is a neurotrophin response-specific, developmentally regulated gene that codes for a neurosecretory polypeptide. Its transcription in neuronal cells is selectively activated by the neurotrophins @entity2137 ( @entity2137 ), @entity53499 , which induce survival and differentiation, and not by epidermal growth factor. We studied a short region of the @entity35 @entity43335 promoter which is essential for its regulated expression. A @entity1919 response element (CRE) within this region is necessary for @entity2137 induction of @entity43335 transcription. Two sites upstream of CRE, an E box and a CCAAT sequence, bind nuclear protein complexes and are involved in transcriptional control. The E box has a dual role. It acts as an inhibitor in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, together with a second E box located downstream, and as a stimulator in the @entity2137 -responsive cell line PC12. By expression screening, we have isolated the cDNA for a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, a homolog of the HTF4/HEB E protein, that specifically binds the @entity43335 promoter E box. The E protein was present in various cell lines, including PC12 cells, and was a component of a multiprotein nuclear complex that binds the promoter in vitro. The E box and CRE cooperate in binding to this complex, which may be an important determinant for neural cell-specific expression.

title: Interplay of the E box, the @entity1919 response element, and HTF4/HEB in transcriptional regulation of the neurospecific, neurotrophin-inducible XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity53499 :: ('24225;81737', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity43335 :: (29461(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['vgf']


abstract: Gelatinase ( @entity11798 ) purified from culture medium of MDCK cells by affinity chromatography on gelatin- @entity3367 was tested against type XI collagen. The purified enzyme-digested native type XI collagen in solution, and as reconstituted fibers, at 30, 34, and 37 degrees C. Both substrates yielded the same digestion products, as characterized by @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, but the soluble collagen was cleaved at a higher rate. The first major product seen was an 87-kDa peptide, which was usually associated with one or two peptides migrating between it and alpha 3(XI). With time, a second group of 3 peptides appeared at 78, 75, and 73 kDa. After continued digestion, a third group of peptides was detected with prominent 69- and 67-kDa peptides and minor peptides at 71, 65, and 62 kDa. In overnight (20 hour) digestions, the 60-kDa digestion product accumulated and most of the larger digestion products could no longer be detected. Minor products at 71, 55, and 50 kDa were also noted in these limited digestions. Under the same conditions, denatured type XI was digested to fragments smaller than 13.5 kDa. The enzyme was inhibited by @entity7437 or @entity1098 . Two purified components of cartilage matrix, type II collagen and proteoglycan subunit, as well as crude cartilage homogenates, were not effective inhibitors of the purified enzyme. Similar activity was extracted from @entity235 articular cartilage, and the activity was much stronger in cartilage from @entity2720 than from control joints.

title: Cleavage of type XI collagen fibers by gelatinase and by extracts of osteoarthritic XXXX cartilage.

entities_list: @entity11798 :: ('403733(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 2']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity7437 :: ('MESH:C025205', 'Chemical') :: ['1,10-phenanthroline']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritic joints']

entities_list: @entity3367 :: ('MESH:D012685', 'Chemical') :: ['sepharose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Hypermethylation of the @entity6756 promoter is observed in the majority of sporadic @entity356 with high frequency @entity124 ( @entity124 ), and it contributes to the genesis of @entity356 . Multiple @entity356 is known to have a higher frequency of @entity356 . However, the molecular basis of @entity5 remains obscure. We investigated the role of @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation in the genesis of multiple @entity356 with @entity124 . We analyzed 33 @entity5 from 15 @entity1 with multiple @entity356 (12 double @entity5 and three @entity5 ) for @entity124 , expression of @entity6756 and @entity4311 , and hypermethylation of @entity6756 and @entity4311 promoters. High frequency @entity124 was found in seven out of 33 @entity5 (21%) in five out of 15 @entity1 (33%). All of the @entity5 with high frequency @entity124 had a lack of @entity6756 expression, with the presence of @entity4311 expression, while all the @entity5 with no @entity124 or low frequency @entity124 were positive for both @entity6756 and @entity4311 . All of the @entity5 with no expression of @entity6756 had @entity6756 hypermethylation, whereas @entity6756 hypermethylation was observed in two out of 26 (8%) @entity5 with no or low frequency @entity124 . None of the @entity5 showed @entity4311 hypermethylation. These results suggest that epigenetic changes in the @entity6756 promoter account for the genesis of multiple @entity356 with high frequency @entity124 .

title: Methylation of the @entity6756 promoter in multiple XXXX with @entity124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MSI in these tumors', 'tumors', 'triple tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-positive gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinoma', 'MSI positivity than single gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']


abstract: Several authors have proposed that changes in a small number of regulatory genes may be sufficient for the evolution of novel morphologies. Recent analyses have indicated that @entity13877 branched1 ( @entity13878 ), a putative bHLH transcription factor, played such a role during the morphological evolution of @entity2829 from its wild ancestor, @entity13877 . To address whether or not @entity13878 played a similar role during the evolution of the Andropogoneae, the tribe to which @entity2829 belongs, and to examine the rate and pattern of @entity13878 evolution within this tribe, we analyzed @entity13878 -like sequences from 23 members of the Andropogoneae and five other grasses. Our analysis revealed that the @entity13878 protein evolves slowly within three conserved domains but rapidly outside these domains. The nonconserved regions of the gene are characterized by both a high nonsynonymous substitution rate and frequent indels. The ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site (d(N)) to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (d(S)) was not significantly greater than 1.0, providing no evidence for positive selection. However, the d(N)/d(S) ratio varied significantly among lineages and was high compared with those of other plant nuclear genes. Variation in the d(N)/d(S) ratio among the Andropogoneae could be explained by unequal levels of purifying selection among lineages. Consistent with this interpretation, the rate of nonsynonymous substitution differed along several lineages, while the synonymous substitution rate did not differ significantly. Finally, using @entity13878 , we examined phylogenetic relationships within the Andropogoneae. The phylogeny suggests that the tribe underwent a rapid radiation during its early history and that the monoecious Andropogoneae are polyphyletic.

title: Molecular evolution of the @entity13877 branched gene among XXXX and related grasses.

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: In order to minimize the interactions of clonogenic cells with accessory cells and characterize the direct effect of recombinant @entity851 ( @entity851 ) on @entity3052 colony-forming cells (AML-CFU), the response of @entity2280 + AML-CFU to individual or combined recombinant @entity851 , i.e., @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ), @entity2772 ( @entity2772 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ), and @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ), was studied in 10 @entity1 and compared with the growth response obtained from unfractionated marrow cells. @entity2772 and @entity2841 had a similar stimulating activity on AML-CFU growth. @entity1261 resulted the most efficient stimulus for colony formation and was additive or synergistic with @entity2772 and @entity2841 , @entity6824 , used alone, had a negligible stimulating activity. When @entity2280 + cells were used, @entity1192 by itself had a low stimulating activity and displayed little or no synergy with @entity2772 , @entity2841 , and @entity1261 . On the contrary, when unfractionated cells were used, @entity1192 was very effective in inducing AML-CFU formation and was markedly synergistic with @entity2772 and @entity2841 . These results show that @entity1192 -induced @entity1778 formation is prevalently mediated by accessory cells. @entity650 supported AML-CFU growth in seven of 10 cases, thus showing a direct effect on @entity2280 + leukemic cells, and enhanced the growth of @entity2772 -(+47 to +167%) and @entity2841 -dependent (+60 to +110%) AML-CFU. Recloning studies of single colonies demonstrated that primary @entity2280 + AML-CFU, stimulated by @entity2772 and @entity2841 , generated secondary and tertiary colonies, whereas primary AML-CFU stimulated by @entity1261 and @entity650 failed to give rise to secondary colonies, thus indicating a complete suppression of self-renewal. Sequential recloning of colonies grown in the presence of @entity2772 + @entity650 demonstrated that addition of @entity650 and @entity2772 -containing plates resulted in a nearly complete suppression of self-renewal. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the heterogeneity of the @entity2280 + leukemic cell fraction and indicate the existence of complex regulatory events at the level of @entity2280 + leukemic cells. Data obtained from recloning experiments are of therapeutic interest in view of the clinical application of HGFs in the treatment of @entity2800 .

title: Growth of @entity2280 + acute @entity3052 colony-forming cells in response to recombinant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['HGF', 'hematopoietic growth factors']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemias']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic colony']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['M-CSF', 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic growth factors']


abstract: The novel @entity4463 -labelled derivative of @entity11326 ( @entity7192 ) was used in uptake studies of Arthrobacter sp. @entity6757 capable of utilizing a wide range of organophosphonates as its sole source of @entity3151 . The @entity7192 uptake was greatly stimulated upon @entity1391 deprivation. The uptake obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respective Km and Vmax values of 33 microM and 0.3 nmol.min-1.mg-1 fr.wt. @entity4252 and @entity9955 were competitive inhibitors of @entity7192 uptake. The effect of @entity6546 was more complex than a mere inhibition of @entity7192 uptake since activation occurred at low concentrations. The uptake of @entity7192 by Arthrobacter sp. strain @entity6757 appears to be mediated by a transport system different from the @entity4252 uptake system operating in the same cells. The driving force for @entity7192 uptake by Arthrobacter sp. @entity6757 may be a proton gradient across the cell membrane.

title: Characterization of the XXXX transport system in Arthrobacter sp. @entity6757 using the novel @entity4463 -labelled derivative.

entities_list: @entity4252 :: ('CHEBI:27744', 'Chemical') :: ['Glyphosate', 'glyphosate']

entities_list: @entity11326 :: ('MESH:C027474', 'Chemical') :: ['methylenediphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['orthophosphate']

entities_list: @entity4463 :: ('CHEBI:29304', 'Chemical') :: ['tritium']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity9955 :: ('MESH:C107241', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrophosphate']

answer: @entity11326 :: (MESH:C027474,Chemical) :: ['methylenediphosphonate']


abstract: Background. Intravenous @entity865 ( @entity1456 ) therapy remains underutilized in @entity1 with @entity64 ( @entity64 ). Anecdotal data indicates that physicians are increasingly liable for administering and for failure to administer @entity865 . Methods. An extensive search of Medline, Embase, Westlaw, LexisNexis Legal, and Google Scholar databases was performed. Case studies that involved malpractice litigation in @entity385 and thrombolytic therapy were analyzed systematically. Results. We identified 789 @entity385 cases, of which 46 cases were related to intravenous @entity865 and @entity64 litigation. Case descriptions of 40 cases were available. Data for verdicts were available for 38 @entity1 . The most frequent plaintiff claim was related to failure to administer intravenous @entity865 (38, 95%). Only 2 (5.0%) claim involved complications of treatment with @entity865 . Hospitals were defendants in majority of the 36 cases. Physicians were involved in 33 cases. While ED physicians were involved in 25 (60.52%) cases, neurologists were involved in 8 (20.0%) cases. There were 26 (65%) defendant-favored and 12 (30%) plaintiff-favored verdicts. Conclusion. Physicians and hospitals are at an increased risk of litigation in @entity1 with @entity64 when in IV- @entity865 is being considered for treatment. While majority of the cases litigated were cases where @entity865 was not administered, only about 1 in 20 cases was litigated when complications occurred.

title: Medicolegal considerations with intravenous XXXX in @entity64 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Ischemic Stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic stroke litigation']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: @entity2015 with increased IgM (hyper-IgM recurrent @entity281 ) is thought to be due to a defect of IgM/IgG isotype switching in B cells. Considerable genetic heterogeneity (X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance, acquired forms) exists. We describe a case of @entity23694 associated with @entity9312 in @entity35 -year-old @entity1 with normal B-cell function. Absolute and relative increases of T-suppressor cells ( @entity405 +) and a decrease of circulating @entity404 + ("helper") cells were observed. The @entity404 + cells present were all of the @entity1195 + subtype, representing relatively immature ("naive") helper cells. In contrast, the number of @entity404 + cells within the lymph nodes was increased. When tested fractionally, the @entity1 's @entity405 + cells selectively inhibited synthesis of IgG and IgA by normal B cells, but spared IgM. @entity1619 cells could induce IgG and IgA production by the @entity1 's B cells. These findings suggest (a) a state of selective suppression of IgG and IgA synthesis with exclusive production of IgM, and (b) an abnormal recirculation of immature T-helper cells. This case represents a variant of this heterogeneous syndrome resembling the findings in neonatal lymphocytes and can be distinguished from the "adult" form of @entity23694 which may be due to @entity56239 cells.

title: Expansion of a suppressor T-cell population associated with the XXXX and generalized lymphadenopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Normal allogenic T']

entities_list: @entity9312 :: ('MESH:D015618', 'Disease') :: ['massive lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity23694 :: ('MESH:D053307', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-IgM syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection syndrome']

entities_list: @entity56239 :: ('MESH:C536722', 'Disease') :: ['defective switch T']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['Immunoglobulin deficiency']

answer: @entity23694 :: (MESH:D053307,Disease) :: ['hyper-IgM syndrome']


abstract: Three proximate risk factors for @entity64 are @entity543 , @entity955 , and @entity101 . Phase I of this prospective study was designed to establish the prevalence of these conditions among a population of health maintenance organization beneficiaries by using a rapid screening protocol in order to risk-stratify @entity1 for appropriate management and subsequent cohort analysis. @entity1 at a tertiary care medical center were screened for @entity64 risk by using directed history, a 3-minute carotid "quick-scan'' protocol, an EKG lead II rhythm strip, and bilateral arm blood pressures. @entity1 with any abnormal result underwent specific diagnostic consultation with vascular surgery, cardiology, or primary care. These evaluations included formal carotid duplex ultrasound, 12-lead EKG +/- Holter monitor, and 5-day blood pressure check. @entity1 were then stratified into risk cohorts for appropriate management and future analysis of @entity64 incidence and outcomes. In 8 hours on a single day in October 2002, 294 @entity1 (mean age 69) were screened. Combining history with results of screening and diagnostic tests, the overall prevalence of @entity543 was 6% (n = 17/294), @entity955 7% (n = 21/294), and severe @entity101 5% (n = 16/294). Fifty-nine @entity1 (20%) screened positive for @entity543 by "quick-scan,'' and 29% (n = 17/59) of these had confirmed @entity850 (>50%) in 1 or both arteries by formal duplex. The prevalence of confirmed @entity543 was 37% among those screening positive for 1 artery (odds ratio [OR] 14.6; p<0.001) and 75% among those screening positive for both (OR 74.7; p<0.001). Significant independent predictors of @entity543 by multivariate analysis included @entity453 or @entity583 , smoking, @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack, male gender, and white race (all p<0.05). The prevalence of confirmed @entity850 was 10% with any 3 predictors alone (OR 2.5; p<0.05), 31% with any 4 (OR 21.2; p<0.001), and 50% with all 5 (OR 46.5; p<0.001). Thirty-three @entity1 (11%) were found to have a previously unidentified and untreated @entity943 , and 12% (n = 4/33) of these had confirmed new @entity955 ; 158 @entity1 (54%) had moderate @entity101 and 16 (5%) had severe @entity101 (>180/100). Overall, 82% (n = 242/294) of @entity1 screened required additional diagnostic tests. Based on these results, 11% (n = 31/294) of @entity1 were stratified as high risk, 64% (n = 188/294) as moderate risk, and 25% (n = 75/294) as low risk for future @entity64 . Rapid and efficient screening of a large population for @entity64 risk factors is feasible. The prevalence of undiagnosed, unsurveilled, and untreated @entity543 , @entity955 , and severe @entity101 is significant, as 75% of @entity1 screened had 1 or more confirmed major risk factors for @entity64 . Phase II of this study will investigate the degree of @entity64 risk reduction possible with a multidisciplinary approach to early identification and aggressive treatment of these risks.

title: Rapid high-volume population screening for three major risk factors of future XXXX : phase I results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity2477 are the most common @entity96 . Twenty-four @entity1 who had hepatic resections for giant symptomatic @entity99 during a six year period at a single institute were retrospectively reviewed to analyze indications for surgical treatment and evaluate operative mortality and morbidity. There were 18 @entity1 and six @entity1 varying in age from 41 to 69 years with an average age of 52.5 years. Moderate to severe @entity158 , discomfort, feeling of fullness, bloating and sensation of an abdominal mass were the most commonly reported symptoms. Ten @entity1 had moderate @entity417 and two had severe @entity417 . @entity5 were visualized by ultrasonography in all @entity1 and by computed tomography in 18. Angiography was performed in all @entity1 with diagnostic confirmation of a @entity2695 in all but one @entity1 in whom an @entity5426 was suspected. The resection was feasible in each @entity1 : 20 minor hepatic resections (three wedge, 11 segmentectomies, six bisegmentectomies) and four right hepatic lobectomies were carried out. There were no surgical @entity204 . Two @entity1 had @entity260 : one @entity1 had a @entity55 on the right side and one had wound @entity281 . The benign nature of the @entity5 was confirmed in all. The lesions varied in size from 5.6 to 26 centimeters in diameter. Symptoms and @entity1503 were relieved in all @entity1 in the follow-up. The results of our experience confirm that resection for giant symptomatic @entity99 represents a safe radical curative procedure. Medical treatment is justified in smaller lesions or in asymptomatic @entity1 .

title: Surgical treatment of symptomatic XXXX of the liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['benign hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['Cavernous hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hemangiomas', 'hepatic hemangioma']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['giant hemangiomas']


abstract: The prolonged @entity296 observed after reversible @entity63 ( @entity1562 ) has been postulated to result from an inability of the myocytes to replenish @entity855 stores. Accordingly, one would expect inotropic stimulation to result in minimal increase in contractile function, or possibly even further deterioration. To test this hypothesis, studies were performed in open-chest @entity235 undergoing a 15-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. Systolic wall thickening, an index of regional myocardial function, was measured in the LAD-dependent territory with ultrasonic crystals. Thickening fraction was 20.8 +/- 3.0% (mean +/- standard error of the mean) under baseline conditions, decreased to -18.6 +/- 1.6% during @entity432 , and was still severely @entity308 after 3 hours of reperfusion (2.6 +/- 3.4%). Thickening fraction remained stable between 3 and 4 hours of reperfusion in 5 untreated control @entity235 . In 9 treated @entity235 , @entity3044 (0.1 microgram/kg/min intravenously for 30 minutes starting 3 hours after reperfusion) increased thickening fraction to values (24.8 +/- 4.5%) that were similar to those at baseline. Thirty minutes after discontinuation of @entity3044 administration, thickening fraction had returned to pre- @entity3044 levels. Thus, reperfused, severely @entity308 responds dramatically to beta-adrenergic stimulation without subsequent adverse effects on function in the short-term. These findings imply that the @entity1562 can generate @entity855 , and therefore do not support the view that an inability to replenish @entity855 stores is the cause of @entity409 . More important, this study suggests that @entity409 in @entity1 may be effectively reversed with inotropic therapy without short-term deleterious sequelae.

title: Beta-adrenergic stimulation reverses postischemic XXXX without producing subsequent functional deterioration.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed myocardium', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['stunned myocardium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial dysfunction']


abstract: @entity75 and @entity305 are two syndromes, appearing at different stages in @entity3124 @entity1 . Their aetiology is unclear, but many arguments seem to associate them with @entity1576 in a context of systemic @entity32 (S.I.R.S.) and multiple @entity881 (M.O.D.S.). @entity75 appears early in the course of @entity295 , diagnosis is based on clinical picture and electro-encephalogram. The exact pathogenesis is unclear. Prognosis is related to the underlying pathology, and treatment is supportive. @entity305 is a predominantly motor @entity409 , occurring in a setting of @entity1576 , S.I.R.S., and M.O.D.S. A weaning problem often indicates the presence of @entity305 . Diagnosis is made on history, clinical picture and electromyographic studies. Indeed, motor and sensory conduction studies show a reduction of the amplitude of action potentials. In a later stage fibrillations and positive sharp waves emerge, with a further reduction of action potentials. Follow-up examinations reveal signs of axonal regeneration. The exact aetiology is unknown, but may be related to @entity295 and M.O.D.S. @entity295 and M.O.D.S. are associated with the release of "mediator" substances, and somewhere in this cascade, there might be a toxin, influencing the nerve. A differential diagnosis with @entity121 and neuromuscular transmission defects has to be made. Specific treatment is absent, and prognosis is related to the underlying pathology.

title: Neurological complications in @entity3124 XXXX ; @entity75 , @entity305 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Septic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['axonal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['Critical illness polyneuropathy', 'critical illness polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure cerebral blood flow in @entity1 with @entity3036 and @entity1468 using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity3036 and @entity1468 were studied and compared with normotensive cohorts. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed initially in @entity101 @entity1 after @entity410 treatment or prophylaxis was given. Magnetic resonance imaging flow measurements were made using a phase contrast velocity imaging technique in each middle and posterior cerebral artery. Conventional brain MRI and magnetic resonance angiography of the circle of Willis were performed at the time of flow measurement. @entity1 with @entity1468 and @entity3036 served as their own controls and were matched with normotensive cohorts. All of the @entity101 @entity1 were studied again 4-5 weeks postpartum. Paired t test analysis and an analysis of variance were performed. Considering a 20% minimum detectable difference in flow, the power was 0.80, 0.92, 0.86, and 0.96 for the left and right middle cerebral arteries and the left and right posterior cerebral arteries, respectively. RESULTS: All 28 @entity1 enrolled were studied initially within 24 hours of delivery or of their most recent @entity410 . There were no significant differences in blood flow in either the posterior or middle cerebral arteries in @entity1 with @entity3036 or @entity1468 between the initial studies and those 4-5 weeks postpartum, or compared with their normal counterparts. No findings of @entity2553 were seen. T2-weighted brain images were markedly abnormal in all eight @entity1 with @entity3036 , mildly abnormal in two of ten with @entity1468 , and normal in all ten controls. CONCLUSIONS: No flow changes were seen in the posterior or middle cerebral arteries of @entity1 with @entity3036 and @entity1468 despite the presence of remarkable @entity75 in all @entity1 with @entity3036 . These findings question the role of @entity2553 and @entity1779 , although a vasodilatory effect of @entity1760 could not be excluded.

title: Cerebral blood flow and cranial magnetic resonance imaging in @entity3036 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['severe preeclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['severe preeclampsia']


abstract: Container-grown eggplant (Solanum melongena @entity523 Nees. 'Burpee's Black Beauty') seedlings were conditioned with brief, periodic mechanical stress or @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) in a greenhouse prior to outdoor exposure. Mechanical stress consisted of seismic (shaking) or thigmic (stem flexing) treatment. Exogenous @entity2272 (10(-3) or 10(-4)M) was applied as a soil drench 3 days prior to outdoor transfer. During conditioning, only thigmic stress reduced stem elongation and only 10(-3) M @entity2272 reduced relative growth rate (RGR). Both conditioning treatments increased leaf specific chlorophyll content, but mechanical stress did not affect leaf @entity2272 content. Outdoor exposure of unconditioned eggplant seedlings decreased RGR and leaf-specific chlorophyll content, but tended to increase leaf @entity2272 content relative to that of plants maintained in the greenhouse. Conditioning did not affect RGR of plants subsequently transferred outdoors, but did reduce stem growth. Seismic stress applied in the greenhouse reduced dry weight gain by plants subsequently transferred outdoors. Mechanical stress treatments increased leaf water potential by 18-25% relative to that of untreated plants.

title: Effects of mechanical stress or @entity2271 on growth, water status and leaf XXXX content of eggplant seedlings.

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['L. var esculentum']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['abscisic acid']


abstract: Antidromic circus @entity591 was documented in 36 of 345 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3153 undergoing detailed electrophysiologic evaluation. Twenty-six @entity1 were @entity1 and 10 were @entity1 (mean age +/- standard deviation 26 +/- 12 years [range 12 to 45]). Multiple accessory pathways were identified in 12 of these 36 @entity1 (33%). Ten of the @entity1 (67%) with clinically documented antidromic @entity591 had multiple accessory pathways. @entity1296 and @entity1163 occurred in 61 and 50% of patients with antidromic circus @entity591 . Six @entity1 had clinical documentation of @entity955 , and 4 @entity1 (11%) were resuscitated from @entity2224 . In the 36 @entity1 , 56 distinct antidromic @entity591 were recorded and several different pathways were observed. Orthodromic @entity591 was the most frequently associated @entity943 (72%). Dual atrioventricular nodal pathways were present in 12 @entity1 (33%); however, @entity2917 could be initiated in only 2 of them. Interruption of the accessory pathway was successfully performed in all 20 @entity1 undergoing surgery.

title: Clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of patients with antidromic circus XXXX in the @entity3153 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular nodal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias', 'movement tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['Dizziness']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['movement tachycardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the safety and effectiveness of immediate anterior chamber paracentesis, combined with antiglaucomatous medications, in the intraocular pressure control and relief of symptoms of acute primary @entity2747 (PACG). DESIGN: Prospective noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Eight consecutive @entity1 with their first attack of acute PACG, with intraocular pressure > or =50 mmHg, were recruited into the study. INTERVENTION: On presentation, each @entity1 received topical @entity2134 (4%) and @entity6839 (0.5%), immediate anterior chamber paracentesis, and systemic @entity3791 and @entity2656 as primary treatment. The intraocular pressures at 15 and 30 minutes, and then at 1, 2, 3, 12, and 24 hours, were documented by applanation tonometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptoms, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, @entity3279 , angle status on gonioscopy, pupillary size, and reaction. RESULTS: Ten eyes of eight @entity1 seen with acute PACG were recruited. The mean intraocular pressure was reduced from 66.6 +/- 9.1 mmHg to 15.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg immediately after paracentesis, and then to 17.1 +/- 7.0 mmHg at 15 minutes, 21.7 +/- 10.2 mmHg at 30 minutes, 22.7 +/- 11.0 mmHg at 1 hour, and 20.1 +/- 14.6 mmHg at 2 hours after paracentesis. The mean intraocular pressure was less than 21 mmHg at 2 hours and beyond. There was instant symptomatic relief for all @entity1 . No complications from the paracentesis were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: From this preliminary study, immediate paracentesis seems to be safe and effective in controlling the intraocular pressure and eliminating symptoms in acute PACG.

title: Efficacy and safety of immediate anterior chamber paracentesis in the treatment of acute primary XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate an intervention to improve the quality of care of @entity1 with @entity712 in managed Medicare and Medicaid plans in North Carolina. BACKGROUND: Utilization of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( @entity1289 -I) and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (BB) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 remains suboptimal despite evidence-based guidelines supporting their use. METHODS: Managed care plans identified adult @entity1 with @entity712 during 2000 (preintervention) and from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2002 (postintervention). Outpatient medical records were reviewed to obtain data regarding type of @entity712 , demographics, comorbidities, and therapies. The intervention consisted of guideline summary dissemination, performance audit with feedback, @entity1 -specific chart reminders, and @entity1 activation mailings. RESULTS: We sampled 1613 @entity1 from 5 plans during the preintervention period and 1528 @entity1 during the postintervention period. Assessment of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) increased from 88.2% to 92.5% of @entity1 (P < .0001). Among @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1002 , there was no substantive change in treatment with @entity1289 -I or vasodilators, whereas, appropriate treatment with BB increased from 48.3% (with another 11.9% with documented contraindications) to 67.9% (with another 7.5% with documented contraindications). The quality gap decreased from 39.8% to 24.6% (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: @entity1002 assessment improved despite high preintervention rates. Treatment rates with @entity1289 -I and vasodilators remained high, but did not improve. Treatment rates with BB improved substantially translating into a significant public health benefit. Health-care payers should consider development of financial incentives to encourage collaborative quality improvement programs.

title: Enhancing quality of XXXX care in managed Medicare and Medicaid in North Carolina: results of the North Carolina Achieving Cardiac Excellence (NC @entity1289 ) Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular function', 'left ventricular systolic dysfunction', 'LVF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: This study investigated whether @entity1245 reduce the capacity of animals to wait for food reward. @entity35 trained in a T-maze were allowed to choose between two magnitudes of reward: immediate, but small (two pellets) vs delayed, but large (eight pellets). The @entity35 learned within ten sessions to select (80-100%) the arm leading to the largest reward. Separate groups of @entity35 were then confined for 15, 30 or 60 s in the arm associated with the largest reward before gaining access to the spacially contiguous goal-box. The choice of the other arm was not followed by a period of waiting. Under these conditions, the frequency with which the small-reward arm was chosen increased linearly as a function of the duration of the waiting period. @entity3175 (2-4 mg/kg IP) dose-dependently increased the number of times the small-reward arm was chosen during the sessions for which the waiting period was fixed at 15 or 30 s. @entity11672 (2 mg/kg IP), @entity8685 (16 mg/kg IP) and clobazam (16 mg/kg IP) had similar effects. The action of @entity3175 was counteracted by simultaneous administration of @entity5757 (Ro 15-1788, 8 mg/kg PO). In the absence of confinement, these @entity1245 , @entity3175 (4 mg/kg) excepted, did not modify selection of the large-reward arm. Conversely, the @entity750 uptake blockers @entity38170 (2-4 mg/kg IP) and @entity10897 (8-16 mg/kg IP) dose-dependently increased preference for the arm leading to the delayed (25 s) but large reward. These results suggest that @entity1245 , perhaps by increasing impulsivity, render the animals less prone than controls to tolerate delayed access to reward.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX reduce the tolerance to reward delay in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity38170 :: ('MESH:C018181', 'Chemical') :: ['indalpine']

entities_list: @entity11672 :: ('MESH:D009567', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity10897 :: ('MESH:D015031', 'Chemical') :: ['zimelidine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['chlordiazepoxide']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazepil']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['Benzodiazepines']


abstract: Two liquid chromatography mass spectrometric techniques, i.e. ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-Tof @entity15 ) and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ), were used for quantification, confirmation or identification of six @entity7646 antibiotic residues and/or their degradation products in eggs, raw milk, and/or honey. @entity7187 were extracted from food samples by @entity1626 or @entity1391 buffer (0.1 M, pH 8.0), and sample extracts were further cleaned up using solid-phase extraction cartridges. UPLC/Q-Tof data were acquired in Tof @entity15 full scan mode that allowed both quantification and confirmation of macrolides, and identification of their degradation products. LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 data acquisition was achieved using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), i.e. two transitions, to provide a high degree of sensitivity and repeatability. Matrix-matched standard calibration curves with the use of @entity14698 as an internal standard were utilized to achieve the best accuracy of the method. Both techniques demonstrated good quantitative performance in terms of accuracy and repeatability. LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 had advantages over UPLC/Q-Tof @entity15 in that its limits of detection were lower and repeatability was somewhat better. UPLC/Q-Tof provided ultimate and unequivocal confirmation of positive findings, and allowed degradation product identification based on accurate mass. The combination of the two techniques can be very beneficial or complementary in routine analysis of @entity7646 antibiotic residues and their degradation products in food matrices to ensure the safety of food supply.

title: Analyses of XXXX antibiotic residues in eggs, raw milk, and honey using both ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['Macrolides']

entities_list: @entity14698 :: ('MESH:D015575', 'Chemical') :: ['roxithromycin']

answer: @entity7646 :: (CHEBI:25106,Chemical) :: ['macrolide']


abstract: The authors reported 3 male @entity1 of @entity706 developing from long-standing pyothorax. They had been suffering from @entity4327 for more than 30 years, after artificial pneumothorax therapy for @entity1907 . The most common symptom was @entity662 . It was difficult to detect the @entity5 mass by chest X-ray because of old inflammatory changes. Computed tomography and 67Ga scintigraphy were useful. The lesions tended to grow destroying the surrounding lung, chest wall and ribs. Histologically, 2 cases were diffuse large cell type and one was diffuse intermediate sized cell type. Immunologically, 2 cases were @entity1892 but one was not clearly classified. They received radiotherapy, but 2 cases died of @entity1576 . These findings suggest that @entity1892 might arise following chronic @entity4327 . Therefore such cases should be followed up carefully.

title: [A clinical study on intrathoracic XXXX with chronic @entity4327 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma', 'B-cell type lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pyothorax']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: This study evaluates the efficacy of percutaneous @entity661 (PTA) to treat @entity850 or @entity432 following haemostasis using a @entity40655 ( @entity40655 ) device. Steno- @entity432 occurred in 7 (0.4%) @entity1 , some with @entity613 , others without. Steno- @entity432 was diagnosed immediately after haemostasis in the four @entity1 without @entity613 , but diagnosis was delayed in all three @entity1 with @entity613 . Six of the @entity1 subsequently underwent PTA using a contralateral femoral arterial approach. Technical success, clinical response and vessel patency were evaluated retrospectively. Follow-up angiography revealed @entity432 (<1 cm) in the common femoral or proximal superficial femoral artery in four @entity1 and @entity432 (>1 cm) in the external iliac and common femoral arteries in three @entity1 . PTA was technically successful in all @entity1 (6/6, 100%). Among the three @entity1 who developed delayed onset of @entity613 , one declined treatment and the @entity613 improved in two. Doppler ultrasound obtained 28-129 days (mean; 75 days) after PTA revealed patent arterial flow in six @entity1 . One @entity1 with delayed-onset @entity432 refused the procedure because the symptoms were mild. This study has shown that @entity865 is a useful treatment for steno- @entity432 following haemostasis using the @entity40655 device. Careful angiography and review of the femoral bifurcation prior to use of an @entity40655 device is important.

title: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of @entity40655 device-related femoral artery stenosis or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity40655 :: ('MESH:C567355', 'Disease') :: ['SMC', 'suture-mediated closure']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['transluminal balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['long segmental occlusion', 'occlusion', 'focal segmental steno-occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusive disease']


abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine the reference axes used by the visual system to specify direction of motion of objects by the visual system at the perceptual level. Ten young adults aligned motion of a moving luminous dot on a computer display to body-fixed and external vertical and horizontal plane axes while operating in a dark room. Accuracy of aligning dot motion to earth-fixed vertical, a displayed luminous line (external @entity227 ) of varied orientations, and head and trunk longitudinal axes was tested in one experiment with the display in the vertical frontal plane. In a second experiment, dot motion was aligned to head and trunk anterior/posterior (A-P) axes and to an external @entity227 presented on a horizontal computer screen. Head and trunk orientations were varied in the frontal plane (left/right tilt) when testing vertical plane axes and by rotation of the head and/or trunk about a vertical @entity2270 when testing horizontal plane axes. Perceptual errors were lowest when aligning to earth-fixed vertical in the vertical plane and to an external oblique line in the horizontal plane when head and trunk orientations were varied. Perceptions of horizontal plane motion direction were accurate relative to the trunk-fixed @entity1347 when only head orientation was varied, but large errors were made when trunk orientation was varied. Proprioceptive influences on visual perceptions of motion direction were shown by a dependence of @entity132 on trunk and neck orientations when aligning to all axes. Furthermore, when aligning motion to an external line, the errors depended on orientation of the line in addition to trunk and neck orientations, but not when aligning to intrinsic axes or earth-fixed vertical in the presence of an external line. We conclude that the visual motion system defines direction relative to earth-fixed vertical and an external horizontal reference @entity2270 when available. The trunk-fixed @entity1347 can be used to accurately define motion direction when operating without an external reference if a neutral trunk orientation is maintained.

title: A coordinate system for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['perceptual errors']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual motion perception']


abstract: The subjects were 241 @entity1 with @entity1729 treated at two medical centers in Austria; 161 of the @entity1 were evaluated clinically and, of these, 69 were evaluated bacteriologically. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity800 (n = 101) or a comparison drug ( @entity3403 [n = 27] or @entity115 - @entity798 [n = 33]). The mean age of @entity1 in the @entity800 group was 61 years; that of @entity1 in the comparison groups was 64 years. The mean duration of treatment was nine days; most @entity1 received the study drug intravenously for three days and then orally for four to seven days. In most @entity1 , the doses were 200 mg of @entity800 twice daily; 100 mg of @entity3403 twice daily; or 2,200 mg of @entity115 - @entity798 intravenously two or three times daily, followed by 625 mg orally two to four times daily. The clinical response was rated satisfactory (all pretreatment symptoms disappeared) in 28% of the @entity800 -treated @entity1 and in 22% of the other two groups; improved (all except one symptom improved) in 70% and 65%, respectively; and unsatisfactory in 2% and 13%, respectively. The bacteriologic response was rated satisfactory in 59% of the 39 evaluable @entity800 -treated @entity1 and in 50% of the 30 @entity1 in the other two groups. Most of the unsatisfactory responses were associated with persistent strains of @entity328 . Transient side effects of mild to moderate severity were noted in nine of the 101 @entity800 -treated @entity1 and in seven of the 60 @entity1 in the other two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity1729 : report of a prospective, comparative trial.

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['Ofloxacin']


abstract: Fatigue is a highly prevalent symptom experienced by @entity1 who live with @entity102 , including those with @entity177 who require maintenance haemodialysis. Fatigue, however, is a non-specific and invisible symptom and is a phenomenon that is poorly understood by health care professionals. This study examined the symptom of @entity1295 as experienced by a group of 39 adult haemodialysis @entity1 . The theory of unpleasant symptoms formed the conceptual framework for the study. A descriptive correlational design was utilized to examine @entity1295 from an inductive approach, considering relevant physiological, psychological and situational variables based on a review of the literature. Data were collected using a structured self-report questionnaire and biochemical data from retrospective monthly blood tests. The results of the study indicated that high levels of @entity1295 are experienced, with correspondingly low levels of vitality, in all the areas measured - general @entity1295 , physical @entity1295 , reduced motivation, reduced activity and mental @entity1295 , by adult haemodialysis @entity1 . Individual variation was noted in the dimensions of @entity1295 predominantly expressed. Fatigue was significantly associated with the presence of symptoms such as @entity25 , poor physical health status and @entity308 . No associations between @entity1295 and the biochemical and situational variables measured were noted. Further examination of the data revealed complex relationships between the physiological and psychological factors examined. @entity308 was significantly associated with physical health status, @entity25 , symptoms and @entity148 . Correlations were also noted between symptoms and poor physical functioning, @entity25 and @entity308 . Based on the results, a revised version of the theory of unpleasant symptoms relating to @entity1295 is presented.

title: Fatigue in XXXX with @entity177 who require maintenance haemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problems']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this work was to evaluate response rate, @entity137 , and survival in treatment with intraarterial @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity900 in a neoadjuvant setting; this combination was administered to @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity420 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1 were treated with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Those eligible included @entity1 with previously untreated stage IB, II, or III @entity420 with good performance status. Treatment consisted of bilateral internal iliac artery infusion of @entity900 (a total of 10 mg/day) for 30 min, followed by @entity1487 (a total of 250 mg/day) given by 24-hour continuous infusion for 10 days. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks for a total of two or three cycles. All except one @entity1 with progressive disease underwent radical hysterectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to the whole pelvis to 6 @entity1 ; 3 of the 6 @entity1 with involved common iliac nodes received radiotherapy to a paraaortic field in addition to the whole pelvis. RESULTS: Among 11 eligible @entity1 , 7 had a partial response (64%). Stable disease was observed in 3 cases (27%) and progressive disease in 1 (9%). Histopathological changes related to chemotherapy, however, revealed only mild effects. Of the 24 treatment cycles administered, no Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 was observed and there were no therapy-related @entity204 . The median follow-up period was 30 months (range, 1-65 months). The mean survival period was 34.7 months and the 5-year survival rate was 21.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Intraarterial neoadjuvant chemotherapy effectively reduced @entity5 size in @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity420 ; however, a survival advantage was not clear.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy using low-dose consecutive intraarterial infusions of @entity900 combined with XXXX for locally advanced cervical @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: An isoform of the @entity172 receptor messenger RNA (ER-mRNA) was identified in RNA from the brain of lizards and @entity35 . Poly(A)+ RNA from brain and uteri was reverse transcribed using gene-specific primer for the ER. The resulting complementary DNA was amplified in a polymerase chain reaction followed by cloning and sequencing of the amplified products. This isoform lacks exon four and is designated delta 4 ER-mRNA. Although several isoforms of the ER have been described from cancerous cells, to our knowledge, none has been identified previously in the brain. Furthermore, the delta 4 isoform is the only isoform detected in normal tissue. The delta 4 isoform appeared most abundant in RNA from brain tissue, whereas uterine RNA contained only trace amounts of the isoform. Apparently, tissue-specific alternative splicing accounts for these differences in abundance. Because exon four encodes a part of the @entity134 -binding domain, we predict that the corresponding protein encoded by the isoform will not bind @entity53 and may therefore belong to a growing subclass of the @entity134 /thyroid/vitamin superfamily known as orphan receptors. We predict that the putative delta 4 protein may function as a ligand-independent transcription factor that acts on the same DNA response elements as the conventional ER. The abundance of this isoform in the brain relative to the uterus raises fundamental questions regarding the regulation of @entity172 -responsive genes in different tissues.

title: Identification of an isoform of the XXXX receptor messenger RNA lacking exon four and present in the brain.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Megakaryocytopoiesis is a complex biological process involving a series of cellular events that is initiated with the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell and eventually results in the biogenesis of platelets shed by mature @entity10706 ( @entity10706 ). A hierarchy of @entity1 @entity10706 progenitor cells has been defined by means of studies of in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis. A number of in vitro clonal assays have been established that have aided in the characterization of each of these @entity10706 progenitor cells which can be distinguished by their cellular phenotype, physical characteristics, chemosensitivity, kinetics of colony formation, the size of the colonies that each progenitor cell subclass is capable of producing, and the cytokines required to induce such progenitor-cell-derived colony formation. The kinetics of appearance of these various classes of @entity10706 colonies derived from @entity10706 progenitor cells of differing proliferative capacity are consistent with a sequential developmental relationship between these various cellular subpopulations. The most primitive lineage-restricted @entity10706 progenitor cell identified to date is termed the @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). The @entity1358 can be assayed from fetal but not adult @entity1 marrow, and in vitro it forms large unifocal pure @entity10706 colonies consisting of more than 300 cells (300 to 1,000). The burst forming unit-megakaryocyte is the most primitive @entity10706 progenitor cell that can be assayed from a variety of adult hematopoietic tissues, while the colony forming unit-megakaryocyte is the most differentiated @entity10706 progenitor cell still capable of forming pure @entity10706 colonies in vitro. Furthermore, a number of multipotent progenitor cells have been identified that are capable of producing colonies composed of multiple hematopoietic lineages of which MKs represent a minority component. A bipotent erythromegakaryocytic progenitor cell in @entity1 marrow has been carefully characterized that has the unique ability to form colonies composed exclusively of MKs and erythroblasts. This bipotent progenitor cell has been termed the burst-forming unit erythroid/ @entity10706 and is indicative of the close linkage between features of the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages. Recently the ex vivo incubation of @entity2280 + cells in the presence of a combination of cytokines has resulted in the generation of cell populations enriched for MKs and @entity10706 progenitor cells. Such an ex vivo generated product may serve as a source of a new generation of transfusion products capable of supporting @entity882 @entity1 .

title: XXXX megakaryocyte progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['high proliferative potential cell-MK', 'HPPC-MK']

entities_list: @entity10706 :: ('MESH:D007947', 'Disease') :: ['megakaryocytes', 'MK']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of weekly @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy concurrent with whole pelvic irradiation in @entity1 with locally advanced cervical @entity5 . METHODS: Consenting @entity1 with stage @entity3847 , IIA, IIB, IIIB and @entity189 of the cervix (all cell types) were eligible for this phase I/II trial. Chemotherapy agents were administered in escalating doses to cohorts of three @entity1 at each dose level, pending evaluation of @entity137 from the previous dose level. RESULTS: Thirty-five eligible @entity1 were enrolled on this study, of whom 13 comprised the phase I component. The MTD was determined to be @entity900 40 mg/m2 and @entity1311 40 mg/m2 administered weekly for six cycles with external beam radiation therapy. An additional 21 @entity1 were enrolled in the phase II component at the previously determined MTD, yielding a total of 22 @entity1 at the MTD, of whom 19 were evaluable. Among the evaluable @entity1 treated at the MTD, two had grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal (GI) @entity137 (representing 5 of 113 cycles administered to this cohort) and seven experienced grade 3 or 4 neutrophil toxicity, none occurring prior to the fourth cycle. @entity882 was rare. Radiation therapy was successfully completed in 52% of @entity1 at 8 weeks and in 79% of @entity1 at 9 weeks, with a median of 59 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 and @entity900 combination chemotherapy concurrent with whole pelvic irradiation can be safely administered at the described MTD.

title: Radiation therapy with concomitant @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy in cervical XXXX limited to the pelvis: a phase I/II study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['IVA carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']