abstract: Perfused biofilms of @entity797 reached a pseudo-steady state, with respect to bioburden and the numbers of cells liberated within the perfusates. Biofilm growth rate was slow (approximately 0.006 doublings/h) relative to batch culture (approximately 0.01 doublings/h). MICs were determined for @entity2176 (0.12 mg/L) and @entity11248 (1.2 mg/L) in batch culture. Steady-state biofilms (24 h and 48 h) were perfused continuously for 96 h with medium containing antibiotic at 4 X MIC. Susceptibility was assessed as cfu in the perfusate, indicating growth inhibition, and as cfu for the parent biofilm. @entity2176 at these levels had little or no effect on either parameter, whilst @entity11248 produced a temporary (30 h) reduction in growth rate (99.99% for 24 h biofilms, 50% for 48 h biofilms). Antibiotic concentrations were raised to therapeutic (trough) levels ( @entity2176 , 5 mg/L; @entity11248 , 12 mg/L) and applied continuously to 24 h old biofilms. Neither agent affected viability of the biofilm over 96 h. Biofilm growth rate, however, was decreased markedly over the first 8-10 h of antibiotic treatment and was maintained at the reduced level for approximately 40 h. Thereafter growth of the biofilms gradually returned to pre-exposure levels. The pattern of recovery was different for the two agents suggesting that different mechanisms might be involved. Accordingly biofilms were exposed to successive and concurrent 24 h treatments with @entity2176 (5 mg/L) and @entity11248 (12 mg/L). This led not only to a further 2-3 log reduction in the growth rate but also to a 3 log reduction in the viability of the parent biofilm. Such synergy between the glycopeptide agents might have therapeutic implications for the treatment of @entity797 @entity281 .

title: In-vitro studies of the activity of glycopeptide combinations against XXXX biofilms.

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To clarify the contrast-enhancement pattern of the normal hematopoietic element by isolating the signal of the water fraction in vertebral bone marrow and to investigate whether this approach can be used to characterize bone marrow pathology in several diffuse @entity236 . METHODS: Two groups were examined: 30 normal healthy volunteers and 19 @entity1 with primary diffuse @entity236 ( @entity2150 [n=8], @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) [n=5], @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) [n=4], @entity6582 vera [n=2]). Isolation of the signal of hematopoietic tissue was done by the chemical-shift misregistration effect. Twenty consecutive T1-weighted midsagittal lumbar vertebral images were obtained immediately after the intravenous administration of @entity7241 of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight, and the pattern of the time-intensity curve, the peak contrast-enhancement (CE) ratio, and the washout rate (%/min) of bone marrow in normal volunteers were compared with those in @entity1 suffering from primary diffuse @entity236 . RESULTS: The pattern of the time-intensity curve of @entity1 with @entity2150 showed a low peak value followed by a slow washout. However, the pattern of time-intensity curves in @entity1 with @entity2590 , @entity1860 , and @entity6582 vera was similar to that of normal volunteers. The peak CE ratio of the water fraction in normal marrow ranged from 0.45 to 1.26 (mean +/- S.D.: 0.87 +/- 0.18). @entity1 with @entity2150 showed an abnormally lower peak CE ratio of the water fraction (mean +/- S.D.: 0.34 +/- 0.19, p<0.0001). On the other hand, the peak CE ratio of the water fraction in @entity1 with @entity2590 was significantly higher than that of normal volunteers (mean +/- S.D. 1.35 +/- 0.39, p<0.05). In contrast, the peak CE ratio of @entity1 with @entity1860 or @entity6582 vera did not differ significantly from that of normal volunteers. The mean washout rate of @entity1 with @entity2150 was significantly lower than that of normal volunteers (mean +/- S.D.: 3.50 +/- 2.51%/min vs. 7.13 +/- 1.74%/min, p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the washout rate among @entity1 with @entity2590 , @entity1860 , @entity6582 vera, and normal volunteers. CONCLUSION: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the water fraction provides additional valuable qualitative information about structural changes of the hematopoietic element.

title: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the water fraction of normal bone marrow and diffuse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow diseases', 'bone marrow disease']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenic leukemia']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow disease']


abstract: Intrasellar @entity3976 of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract (suprasellar visual system, SVS), and anteroinferior third ventricle can occur into primary or secondary empty sellae. The anatomic part of this study evaluated the appearance of the SVS in subjects with normal sellae (n = 52), the patterns and prevalence of SVS @entity3976 in enlarged primary empty sellae (n = 24), and the patterns of intrasellar @entity3976 of the SVS in secondary empty sellae (n = 8). The clinical part of this study was to correlate the visual status with the anatomic patterns of the intrasellar herniated SVS. High-resolution MR and CT were used to define the anatomy. MR was superior to CT in all groups in defining accurately the SVS relationship to the sella turcica. In the normal group, the SVS invariably had a straight-line appearance formed by the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and floor of the third ventricle and was above the sella. The SVS was herniated in three of 24 enlarged primary empty sellae. A difference in the appearance of the @entity1640 and infundibular recesses in the primary empty sella group with SVS @entity3976 (dilated recesses and formation of an obtuse angle) and in the secondary empty sella group with SVS @entity3976 (nondilated recesses and formation of an acute angle) was observed. @entity227 in primary empty sellae with SVS @entity3976 were present in two of three subjects. @entity227 may be absent or minimal in primary empty sellae and secondary empty sellae with @entity3976 of the SVS. Progression of the symptoms--visual field defects, @entity1952 , and @entity1018 --is not inevitable. There was no correlation between the severity of @entity227 in either the primary or secondary sellae. We found that intrasellar @entity3976 of the SVS into a primary or secondary empty sella is well delineated with MR, and MR should facilitate decisions concerning surgery or therapy. @entity227 proved to be an unreliable indicator of @entity3976 .

title: XXXX and third ventricle into empty sellae: morphologic and clinical considerations.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual symptoms and the degree of herniation of the SVS', 'Visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Herniation of the suprasellar visual system']


abstract: @entity706 and @entity12293 ( @entity12293 ) in the ocular adnexa are sometimes difficult to differentiate morphologically and have often been categorized together as a @entity1071 . Immunogenotypic characters of these diseases have not yet been well clarified. This study included 76 cases of @entity1071 . These consisted of 52 cases of @entity706 (43 primary and 9 secondary), 22 of @entity12293 , and 2 borderline cases. There were slightly more male than female subjects. Diagnoses were based on morphology and immunophenotypic characteristics. Clonalities were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (VH) genes were sequenced in 10 cases of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 . @entity1074 constituted 86% (37 cases) of the @entity706 . @entity1074 were more indolent, more rarely disseminated, and had a lower death rate than the other @entity706 . Two @entity1 exhibited coexistence of MALT and diffuse large @entity1892 . The average age of @entity1 with @entity12293 was 5.5 years younger than that of those with @entity1074 . One of the cases of @entity12293 later progressed to @entity706 . B-cell clonality was detected by PCR in 57%, 55%, and 0% of @entity706 , @entity1074 and RLHs, respectively. Sequencing of VH genes revealed that the VH3 family was the most commonly expressed germline VH family (70%) and that DP-63, DP-54 and @entity54969 genes were frequently found in the @entity1074 examined. PCR analysis was useful for differentiation between @entity1074 and @entity12293 . Sequence analysis of VH genes showed that an autoimmune mechanism may be involved in the lymphomagenesis of @entity1074 .

title: Clinical, histopathological, and immunogenetic analysis of @entity1071 : characterization of @entity706 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorder', 'ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Malignant lymphomas', 'primary lymphomas', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma', 'MALT lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity12293 :: ('MESH:D019310', 'Disease') :: ['reactive lymphoid hyperplasia', 'RLH']

answer: @entity12293 :: (MESH:D019310,Disease) :: ['reactive lymphoid hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: With the current diagnostic techniques a considerable percentage of occult lymph node @entity3 are missed in the clinically negative (cN0) neck. Therefore, in @entity1 with @entity5 and cN0 neck a total laryngectomy is usually combined with elective neck dissection. Based on the risk of occult lymph node @entity3 the decision whether to perform a neck dissection or not is difficult. In recurrent @entity5 or second @entity5 previous treatment possibly influences lymphatics and metastatic behavior. In this pilot study we investigated the feasibility of @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) identification and potential accuracy of @entity1817 biopsy (SNB) in @entity5 @entity1 undergoing total laryngectomy with elective neck dissection. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with cN0 @entity5 were included. During surgery 40MBq @entity1136 labeled Nanocolloid was endoscopically injected around the @entity5 . Lymphoscintigraphy was not performed. We identified the @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) ex vivo in the neck dissection specimen with a gammaprobe. Histopathological examination of the neck dissection specimen served as reference test. RESULTS: We included 19 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 with untreated necks and six with prior neck treatment. @entity1817 identification was successful in 68.4% (13/19) of @entity1 , and significantly higher in @entity1 with untreated necks (92.3% versus 16.7%, p<0.01). Four of 13 (30.7%) @entity1 would potentially be upstaged by SNB. Sensitivity and negative predictive value would have been 80.0% and 87.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: With the current methodology, @entity1817 identification in @entity5 @entity1 undergoing total laryngectomy is feasible in @entity1 with untreated necks. Further studies are needed to determine the exact accuracy of SNB in total laryngectomy @entity1 .

title: Sentinel node identification in XXXX : Feasible in primary @entity5 with previously untreated neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['SN', 'sentinel node']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: The treatment of @entity7459 ( @entity6836 )-induced @entity4 is controversial. In addition, mechanisms and patterns of @entity4 formation in this form of increased permeability @entity4 are unclear. To ascertain if @entity1667 (MP) is effective in the therapy of @entity6836 -induced @entity4 , we exposed 108 unaesthetized @entity840 , in groups of 12, to 277-448 ppm.hr @entity6836 : in 60, we administered MP just before, and in 48 immediately after exposure. In each group, half the animals were randomly assigned to receive 30 mg/kg MP ip, and the other half saline. Mortality rates and lung water with wet weight/dry weight (W/D) ratios were calculated. @entity4 , periarterial @entity4 , and @entity6836 -induced @entity5924 were graded semiquantitatively by light microscopy from freeze-substituted middle (ML) and lower lobes (LL). We found @entity6836 produced an exposure-dependent increase in lung water (R = 0.70, p less than 0.01). Treatment with MP preexposure produced a fourfold reduction mortality, and and a significant fall in W/D ratios and in alveolar and @entity4 . No difference in the degree of acute @entity5924 was found between treated and untreated animals, although ML had significantly more @entity32 than LL. Treatment with MP immediately after @entity6836 was ineffective since mortality rates, W/D ratios, and alveolar and @entity4 were not lower in the treated animals; there was significantly more @entity4 in the middle lobes of the latter. Both LL and ML had equally abundant @entity4 , but LL had significantly more @entity4 , supporting our previous findings that in @entity6836 -induced @entity4 follows @entity133 , with interlobar discrepancies probably due to differences in lung volume or in ventilation.

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity7459 ( @entity6836 )-induced pulmonary edema in @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lung edema', 'edema interstitial fluid accumulation', 'edema', 'Alveolar edema', 'intestitial edema', 'alveolar edema', 'interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar flooding']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: @entity2520 ( @entity2520 ) are frequently associated in the elderly, both concurring to the loss of @entity89 and finally of teeth. @entity171 @entity604 but have also been associated with @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ), particularly using oncological doses of @entity4381 . The effects and therapeutic margin of @entity4381 on jaw bone therefore remain uncertain. We reappraised the efficacy and safety of @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) in ovariectomized (OVX) @entity12455 ( @entity12455 )-deficient @entity19 , a unique genetic model of @entity89 . Compared to vehicle, @entity5921 1M (100   g/kg/month) and @entity5921 1W (100   g/kg/week) for 3 months both significantly improved femur @entity1555 , trabecular bone volume on tissue volume (BV/TV) and cortical bone volume in both OVX @entity12455 (+/+) and @entity12455 (-/-) (all p<0.01). @entity5921 1M and @entity5921 1W also improved jaw alveolar and basal BV/TV, although the highest dose ( @entity5921 1W) was less efficient, particularly in @entity12455 (-/-). @entity5921 decreased osteoclast number and bone formation indices, i.e. MAR, MPm/BPm and BFR, independently in @entity12455 (-/-) and @entity12455 (+/+), both in the long bones and in deep @entity89 , without differences between @entity5921 doses. @entity5921 1M and @entity5921 1W did not reactivate inflammation nor increase fibrous tissue in the bone marrow of the jaw, whereas the distance between the root and the enamel of the incisor (DRI) remained high in @entity12455 (-/-) vs @entity12455 (+/+) confirming @entity32 and lack of @entity604 . @entity5921 1W and @entity5921 1M decreased osteocyte numbers in @entity12455 (-/-) and @entity12455 (+/+) mandible, and @entity5921 1W increased the number of empty lacunae in @entity12455 (-/-), however no areas of necrotic bone were observed. These results demonstrate that @entity4381 improves jaw @entity2331 and suggest that in @entity12455 (-/-) @entity19 , @entity4381 is not sufficient to induce @entity39 .

title: XXXX effects on @entity89 in ovariectomized @entity12455 -deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['latent inflammation']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'Osteoporosis and periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['bone necrosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['improve alveolar bone loss', 'crestal alveolar bone']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['systemic and jaw osteopenia', 'jaw alveolar bone']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['Zoledronate', 'zoledronate']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity4381 :: (MESH:C088658,Chemical) :: ['Zoledronate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity170 affects @entity1 of all ages, the impact is most pronounced in frail residents in long-term care. Nevertheless, few interventional trials have been performed in this population, and few data on therapeutic alternatives are available in this cohort. PURPOSE: We describe the challenges and lessons learned in developing and carrying out a trial in frail long-term-care residents. METHODS: The @entity4381 in frail Elders to STrengthen bone (ZEST) study was designed to examine the safety and efficacy of a single-dose therapy for @entity170 in frail residents in long-term care in the Pittsburgh area. @entity1 with @entity170 who were 65 years of age and older and currently not on therapy were randomized in a blinded fashion to intravenous @entity4381 or placebo. Follow-up of each @entity1 was planned for 2 years. All @entity1 received appropriate @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation. RESULTS: Seven hundred and thirty-three contacts were made with long-term care residents of nine participating facilities. Of 252 @entity1 screened, 181 were eligible, enrolled, and randomized. Multiple barriers to research in long-term-care facilities were encountered but overcome with direct communication, information sessions, in-service trainings, and social events. Lessons learned included designing the study in a manner that avoided placing an additional burden on an already overcommitted facility staff, a two-stage consent process to separate screening from randomization, and a flexible examination schedule to accommodate residents while obtaining the necessary outcome measurements. Furthermore, a mobile unit accessible to @entity1 containing state-of-the-art dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), assessment for @entity174 , and phlebotomy equipment allows all assessments to be performed on-site at each facility. Serious adverse events are collected from affiliated hospitals in real time with a novel electronic surveillance system. LIMITATIONS: The major limitation is selection of outcomes that can be assessed at participating facilities and do not require transport of @entity1 to hospitals or clinics. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical research for @entity170 can be successfully and safely performed with frail residents in long-term care facilities. Lessons learned from this study may inform future investigations among frail elderly residents of these facilities.

title: Lessons learned from an XXXX clinical trial in frail long-term care residents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid', 'Zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effects of Medicaid managed care ( @entity1139 ) on obstetric service use and program costs in @entity7452 . DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Longitudinal administrative data on Medi-Cal enrollment and claims and encounters related to pregnancy and delivery services were gathered from three counties--two long-standing @entity1139 counties and one traditional fee-for-service Medicaid county--in @entity7452 between 1987 and 1992. STUDY DESIGN: We studied Aid to Families with Dependent @entity1 (AFDC) beneficiaries with live singleton vaginal deliveries with associated hospital stays of 14 days or less. Effects of managed care were examined with respect to prenatal visits, length of stay for delivery, maternal postpartum readmission rates, and total program expenditures. Multivariate analyses examined how the relative effect of managed care on service use and program expenditures in each @entity1139 county evolves over time in comparison to fee-for-service. We controlled for length of Medi-Cal enrollment prior to delivery, data censoring, and individual characteristics such as race and age. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Prenatal care use is consistently lower in the @entity1139 counties, although all three counties' prenatal care provision is well below the national standard. Drastic increases in one-day-stay deliveries were found: up to almost 50 percent of deliveries in @entity1139 counties were one-day stays. Program cost savings associated with @entity1139 enrollment are unambiguous. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1139 cost savings might have come at the expense of reduced provision of prenatal care and shorter delivery length of stay. Future studies should verify any possible causal link and the effects on maternal and @entity1 health outcomes.

title: The long-term effects of Medicaid managed care on obstetrics care in three XXXX counties.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

answer: @entity7452 :: (MESH:D004670,Disease) :: ['California']


abstract: We report a case of @entity304 induced by long term administration of an oral contraceptive. A 38-year-old @entity1 complained of easily stumbling, d  marche    petit pas and @entity1295 in her lower extremities since January, 1991. When examined on April 5, 1991, she explained taking an oral contraceptive for 7 years on her doctor's recommendation after two times artificial abortions. Her facial expression was mask-like and body was bent forward with knee joints flexed and arms flexed at @entity2720 . She had frozen gait with inactive pendulousness of the arms. We could find her @entity2003 in both upper and lower extremities, especially in her right side extremities. A brain MRI finding was @entity1188 which proton density weighted and T2-weighted MR images showed small patches of high-signal intensities in white matter of the bilateral frontal lobes and in left periventricular white matter. Her symptoms improved after stopping administration of the oral contraceptive and starting combination therapy with @entity6915 and @entity2847 . She had some leg @entity1295 at the onset of her next menstruation in May, but it was much less than her previous condition. When her menstruation terminated, those symptoms disappeared and it was possible to stop the administration of @entity2847 and @entity6915 , and her symptoms have improved.

title: [A case of XXXX induced by an oral contraceptive].

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rigidity']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatiguability']

entities_list: @entity6915 :: ('MESH:D009530', 'Chemical') :: ['nicergoline']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarction']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joints']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term stability, complications, and causative factors in eyes that had photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for @entity1714 . SETTING: Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHODS: This study evaluated the results of PRK in 201 @entity735 with a consecutive 5 year follow-up. Preoperative @entity1714 ranged from 2.25 to 12.50 diopters (D), with @entity940 of less than 1.50 D. The Excimer laser was set to a maximum correction of -6.50 D at a 5.0 mm diameter ablation zone. @entity1 with more than 7.00 D of @entity1714 had double-pass PRK with two different ablation zone sizes (5.0 and 4.5 mm). The data were statistically analyzed using polynomial regression for evaluating long-term stability and myopic regression and Cox's proportional hazard model for evaluating causative factors. RESULTS: An uncorrected visual acuity better than 20/25 was achieved in 62.4% of eyes. The main complication after PRK was myopic regression. Mean @entity2516 years after PRK was -2.43 +/- 1.90 D. It was -1.49 +/- 0.60 D in moderately @entity735 (less than 6.50 D) and -3.55 +/- 2.31 D in highly @entity735 (over 7.00 D). According to our evaluation, the possible causative factors for myopic regression were pre-PRK refraction (P < .0001) and post-PRK corneal haze (P = .01); their relative risks were 3.33 and 1.93, respectively. Multivariate analysis eliminated the corneal haze factor. CONCLUSION: Myopic regression occurred as long as 5 years after PRK, with the most important factor for myopic regression being pre-PRK refraction.

title: Five years results of photorefractive keratectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error 5']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies document the value of early combined modality therapy of @entity151 , but also indicate that early @entity1514 radiation adds to myelosuppression and can complicate further chemotherapy. Other studies indicate that simultaneous use of growth factors with @entity1514 radiation may be deleterious. However, temporal separation of growth factor use from cytotoxic therapy may allow dose intensity to be maintained/enhanced during combined modality treatment. We sought to integrate filgrastim into a novel chemoradiation regimen for @entity1 with limited @entity151 using an approach that separated growth factor administration from both chemotherapy and @entity1514 radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity151 were enrolled in a Phase I trial of @entity900 , @entity1260 /mesna, oral @entity2879 , and @entity1514 radiation (1.5 Gy b.i.d. x 30 fractions days 1-19 cycle 1) +/- filgrastim (5 microg/kg/day). Filgrastim was given on days 20-25 of cycle 1 after completion of radiation and following completion of oral @entity2879 in subsequent cycles. The primary end point was determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of chemotherapy. Serial cohorts were treated with and without filgrastim. RESULTS: Because of dose-limiting @entity882 , primarily, and nonhematologic @entity137 , the MTDs with and without filgrastim were identical ( @entity900 20 mg/m2 i.v. and @entity1260 1200 mg/m2 i.v., both given days 1-3, and @entity2879 40 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-14). Filgrastim use shortened the duration of @entity1398 at the MTD (median 4 vs. 7 days), but was not associated with a @entity1398 . Although growth factor administration did not allow dose escalation of this regimen, it did allow chemotherapy doses to be maintained at the MTD more frequently through four cycles of therapy. In the 24 evaluable @entity1 , the overall response rate was 100% (71% partial and 29% complete). CONCLUSIONS: Despite careful attention to the timing of growth factor with chemoradiation, the administration of filgrastim with this regimen did not allow dose escalation. As in many other recent studies of hematopoietic growth factors given prophylactically with chemotherapy, the duration of @entity1398 at the MTD was shortened and the need for dose reduction throughout treatment was reduced in @entity1 receiving filgrastim at the MTD.

title: Integration of filgrastim into chemoradiation for limited XXXX : a Phase I study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'reduction in febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['limited disease small cell lung cancer', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PBL, TdLNL and TIL from twelve @entity5 @entity1 were cultured with @entity5041 for five to seven days and developed into LAK cells and TILs. The killing activities of LAK cells and TILs against K562 cells were measured by the method of 3H-TdR Incorporation. The results were as follows. After activation in vitro by @entity5041 , PBL, TdLNL and TIL augmented in volume, became irregular in shape, and displayed all karyokinetic characteristics. Activated TILs showed cytotoxic activities against @entity5 cells; TdLNL isolated from the @entity5 -draining lymph-nodes were in large quantity. TdLNL could be cultured with @entity5041 alone for a long period, it may be the best way to harvest large quantity of LAK cells. LAK cells, from PBL and TdLNL had the same killing activities against K562 (P > 0.05). TIL activated by @entity5041 in short period also displayed killing activities against K562, but was less potent than LAK cells from PBL and TdLNL (P < 0.05). Lymphocytes of different sources could be effectively induced into LAK cell. On the basis of our experiments, the TdLNL could be used as a best source of LAK cells in the adoptive immunotherapy for @entity5 .

title: [Comparative study on cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from different tissues in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: It is widely accepted that glucagon stimulates GH, ACTH and @entity701 release in @entity1 , though the mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the stimulatory effect of intramuscolar (i.m.) and intravenous (i.v.) glucagon ( @entity367 ) administration on ACTH, @entity701 (F) and GH release in normal adult subjects and to compare its effect on @entity774 with that of @entity6192 . To this goal, in 6 normal young @entity1 (26-32 yrs, 50-58 kg) we studied the ACTH and F responses to either i.m. or i.v. @entity367 (1 mg, approximately 0.017 mg/kg in subjects of 54.1 +/- 1.6 kg) administration as well as to i.v. @entity6192 (2.0 micrograms/kg) or placebo administration. The GH and @entity413 variations after @entity367 administration were also studied. I.v. @entity367 did not modify the spontaneous decrease of ACTH and @entity701 levels observed after placebo. Conversely, i.m. @entity367 elicited clear-cut ACTH and F responses (peak vs baseline, mean +/- SEM: 53.0 +/- 15.2 vs 19.0 +/- 1.5 pg/ml, p < 0.05 and 222.3 +/- 23.8 vs 158.3 +/- 7.0 micrograms/l, p < 0.05) which were higher than those recorded after @entity6192 (28.1 +/- 4.6 vs 17.4 +/- 3.1 pg/ml, p < 0.02 and 182.7 +/- 22.8 vs 114.8 +/- 12.3 micrograms/l p < 0.02), though this difference did not attain statistical significance. Also GH rise was recorded after i.m. but not after i.v. @entity367 administration (11.6 +/- 3.4 vs 3.3 +/- 0.7 micrograms/l, p < 0.05). Thirty min after both i.v. and i.m. @entity367 administration @entity413 levels showed a similar increase followed by similar decrease. The intramuscular administration of @entity367 induced negligible side-effects in some subject (mild and transient @entity390 ) which, on the contrary, were clear in all subjects after its intravenous administration ( @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity591 ). In conclusion, glucagon "per se" is not an ACTH, @entity701 and GH secretagogue. After intramuscular administration glucagon is a stimulus of @entity774 at least as effective as @entity6192 . The mechanisms underlying the ACTH, @entity701 and GH responses to i.m. glucagon unlikely include @entity413 variations or stress.

title: Glucagon is an ACTH secretagogue as effective as XXXX after intramuscolar administration while it is ineffective when given intravenously in normal subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Gene) :: ['hCRH']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the availability of imaging modalities has increased, the finding of @entity145 has become common. Accurate @entity1 counseling regarding physical activity or risk factors for @entity397 or @entity548 has been hampered by the lack of definitive association studies. OBJECTIVE: This case-control study evaluated factors that are associated with @entity145 ( @entity548 , adjacent subdural @entity1410 , or adjacent @entity11757 ) in pediatric @entity1 with previously asymptomatic @entity145 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity145 and @entity548 , adjacent @entity11757 , or adjacent subdural @entity1410 treated at a single institution from 2005 to 2010 were retrospectively identified. Two unruptured/nonhemorrhagic controls were matched to each case based on @entity1 age, sex, anatomical cyst location, and side. Risk factors evaluated included @entity145 size, recent history of @entity542 , and altitude at residence. RESULTS: The proportion of imaged @entity145 that presented either originally or subsequently with a @entity397 or @entity548 was 6.0%. Larger cyst size, as defined by maximal cyst diameter, was significantly associated with @entity548 (P < .001). When dichotomized with a 5-cm cutoff, 9/13 larger @entity397 and/or hemorrhaged, whereas only 5/29 smaller @entity397 /hemorrhaged (odds ratio = 16.5 (confidence interval [2.5,    ]). A recent history of @entity542 was also significantly associated with the outcome (P < .001; odds ratio = 25.1 (confidence interval [4.0,    ]). Altitude was not associated with @entity145 or @entity548 . CONCLUSION: This case-control study suggests that larger @entity145 size and recent @entity542 are risk factors for symptomatic arachnoid @entity548 .

title: Risk factors for pediatric arachnoid XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intracystic hemorrhage', 'cyst rupture/hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity11757 :: ('MESH:D013353', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hygroma']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst rupture', 'arachnoid cysts', 'arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['cysts ruptured', 'rupture', 'cyst rupture']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['cyst rupture/hemorrhage']


abstract: Distribution of @entity6085 , @entity731 , FBALD, GAPDH, G3PDH, G6PDH, GPI, LDH, MDH, PGM, and SOD was identified in retina, heart, muscle, liver, kidney, gills, brain, gut, lung and ovary of the @entity19298 . Data are compared with patterns previously described in dipnoans and other vertebrates. The number of loci expressed for all enzymes was found to be similar to those of diploid Actinopterygii. Differences in the number of loci expressed in Amphibia were found for @entity731 , sG3PDH, GPI, LDH, MDH and SOD. Differences in tissue distribution were noted in @entity731 due to the absence of an intestinal-specific form typical of teleostean fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds, and in GPI and MDH, due to the tissue expression, as in primitive fish. There were also differences in LDH, where a third locus (LDH-C*) was expressed in the gills of @entity19298 annectens and not in the retina or liver tissues, as in teleosts. LDH-A4 was most common in all the tissues. Major differences were noted in the tissue patterns of protein expression in the three dipnoans compared. As expected, the least divergence was found between the two species belonging to the same family (Lepidosirenidae). The highest index of divergence was observed between @entity36214 and @entity37383 , belonging to the families Ceratontidae and Lepidosirenidae, respectively. The divergence is revealed by changes at the enzyme and morphological levels. These results suggest that P. annectens occupies an interesting systematic position, its biochemical characteristics distinguishing it from @entity36214 , @entity37383 , the advanced fish and amphibians.

title: Multilocus isozyme systems in XXXX , @entity19298 annectens: distribution, differential expression and variation in dipnoans.

entities_list: @entity19298 :: ('7886', 'Species') :: ['Protopterus', 'African lungfish']

entities_list: @entity37383 :: ('7883', 'Species') :: ['L. paradoxa', 'Lepidosiren paradoxa']

entities_list: @entity36214 :: ('7892', 'Species') :: ['Neoceratodus forsteri', 'N. forsteri']

answer: @entity19298 :: (7886,Species) :: ['African lungfish']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a prospective study of @entity1 with recent-onset @entity309 to determine the importance of @entity923 ( @entity923 ) or ulnar translation ratio (UTR) in predicting radiographic progression of @entity309 in the wrist, especially with regard to stable or progressive @entity625 . METHODS: We evaluated 106 wrists with early @entity309 . Radiologic misalignment was assessed by measuring @entity923 and UTR. The modified Schulthess classification of rheumatoid wrist involvement was used to classify the subtypes of wrist joint destruction radiographically types I, II, III, and IV, defined as ankylosing, @entity571 , disintegrating, and normal, respectively. We evaluated the wrist joints as stable or progressive by measuring the values of @entity923 and UTR indices. We also examined whether the modified Schulthess classification of rheumatoid wrist involvement subtypes are associated with radiographic progression over 10 years using the baseline @entity923 and UTR indices. RESULTS: The mean @entity923 values of types I and III were 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.43) and 0.37 (95% CI, 0.34-0.39), respectively. The mean UTR values of types I and III were 0.348 (95% CI, 0.336-0.360) and 0.351 (95% CI, 0.339-0.367), respectively. These values indicated that degradation was @entity196 and III than in other types. We then found type I and III wrists to have progressive @entity625 , and type II and IV wrists stable @entity625 . We also found that the baseline @entity923 index was a significant (p < .05) predictor of radiographic progression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that type I and III wrists had radiographic progression and ultimately underwent deformation. This analysis also showed that the baseline @entity923 index was even more useful in predicting radiographic progression after 10 years.

title: Prediction of wrist prognosis in @entity1 with early XXXX according to radiographic classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'wrist arthritis']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['faster in types I']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal height ratio', 'CHR']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: It is well established that pregnancy early in life reduces the risk of @entity0 in @entity1 and that this effect is universal. This phenomenon of parity protection against @entity5 is also observed in rodents. Earlier studies have demonstrated that short-term administration of @entity53 (E) in combination with @entity1420 mimics the protective effect of parity in @entity35 . In this study, the lowest effective E dosage for preventing @entity5 was determined. @entity35 were injected with @entity7044 at 7 weeks of age; 2 weeks later, the @entity35 were subjected to sustained treatment with 20 microg, 100 microg, 200 microg, or 30 mg of E in silastic capsules for 3 weeks. Treatments with 100 microg, 200 microg, and 30 mg of E resulted in serum levels of E equivalent to those of pregnancy and were highly effective in preventing @entity5 . E treatment (20 microg) did not result in pregnancy levels of E and was not effective in reducing the @entity5 incidence. In another set of experiments, we determined the effect of different durations of E with or without @entity1420 treatments on mammary @entity105 . These experiments indicate that a period as short as one-third the period of gestation is sufficient to induce protection against mammary @entity105 . The pioneering aspect of our study in contrast to long-term @entity172 exposure, which is thought to increase the risk of @entity0 , is that short-term sustained treatments with pregnancy levels of E can induce protection against frank @entity5 .

title: Short-term exposure to pregnancy levels of XXXX prevents mammary @entity105 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mammary cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is the most common @entity703 . Despite advances in treatment, 5-year survival rate for metastatic @entity1358 is estimated to be less than 10%. Thus, new therapeutic options for @entity1358 are urgently needed. AIM: In this study, our objective here was to identify a set of discriminating genes in @entity1358 and normal kidney tissue, and predict their underlying molecular pathway in response to @entity1358 using graph-clustering approach and gene ontology (GO) term analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The GSE6344 expression profile was used in this study and the tissues used were either de-identified or were archival tissues. Through Statistical analysis, Network analyses, graph clustering and Pathway enrichment analysis to predict underlying molecular pathway. RESULTS: The results indicated the genes in cluster 1 and cluster 6 were involved in metabolism pathways, such as @entity5601 ( @entity5601 ) signaling pathway and Glycolysis pathway, etc. The genes in cluster 2, 3, 5, and 7 were associated with @entity1358 progression through adhesion pathways, such as @entity628 , Cell adhesion molecules, and Gap junction. Besides, cluster 4 participated in MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinases) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested these pathways play an important role in @entity1358 progression. Further study may pay more attention to confirm the unidentified genes, explore their prognosis for @entity1358 , and novel chemotherapeutic targets.

title: Expression profiling based graph-clustering approach to determine @entity703 related pathway in response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['Focal adhesion']

entities_list: @entity5601 :: ('5465', 'Gene') :: ['PPAR', 'peroxisome proliferator activated receptor']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the kidney']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the long-term cardiac mortality and the relationship between cardiac mortality and @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity2401 who survived after hospital discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1991 and 1996, 32 @entity1 (all males, mean age 21.00 +/- 3.77 years) surviving @entity2401 were included in the study and they were followed up for an average of 16.3 months (range 10.3-26.8 months) after hospital discharge. Clinical evaluation, ECG, and echocardiography were performed on admission, daily while in hospital and at the time of discharge. ECG changes were permanent during the follow-up period. The causes of death of the @entity1 during follow-up period were inferred from the death records of the @entity1 and talking to the @entity1 witnessing @entity1167 . RESULTS: We observed that the @entity1 with @entity714 ( @entity714 ) and T wave inversion at hospital discharge had lower survival rates than that of the @entity1 without these ECG changes in the long term. Although univariate Cox regression analysis identified @entity714 (P = 0.001) and T wave inversion (P = 0.014) as the predictors of survival, only @entity714 was an independent predictor of survival in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Adjusted hazard ratio was calculated as 13.67 for @entity714 (P = 0.001; CI = 2.81-66.28). CONCLUSION: @entity2401 does not only demonstrate a malignant clinical course during acute phase of the disease, but also during the long-term follow-up period, especially in @entity1 with @entity714 and T wave inversion. Besides, T wave inversion and @entity714 can help us to predict survival rate of the @entity1 in long term. Moreover, @entity714 is an independent predictor of long-term survival in @entity2401 .

title: Prognostic significance of @entity854 in XXXX after hospital discharge: a long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['LBBB', 'left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheritic myocarditis', 'Diphtheritic myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['diphtheritic myocarditis']


abstract: The proto-oncogene products @entity470 -l (EGF-Receptor) and @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ), distinct members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, are frequently overexpressed in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). The accumulation of these transmembrane proteins may lead to significant amounts of the respective @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ) that are shed from the @entity5 cell surface and enter blood circulation, thus representing potential serum @entity5 markers. For @entity470 -l and @entity1722 , we determined the @entity3144 serum levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and evaluated the protein expression in @entity5 tissue by immunohistochemistry. The present study included 49 @entity1 (37 untreated, 12 recurrences) and the same number of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In 24 patients @entity3144 serum levels were determined before and 6 weeks after surgery. Mean @entity3144 serum levels for @entity470 and @entity1722 were 54.8+/-1.6 and 153.7+/-6.1 fmol/ml in @entity5 @entity1 , and 54+/-1.5 and 147.9+/-4.5 fmol/ml in healthy controls, respectively. There was no significant difference between untreated and recurrent disease. Serum @entity3144 follow-ups 6 weeks after surgery revealed a significant 12.3% decline of @entity470 but no change of @entity1722 values. Immunohistochemistry showed strong staining for @entity470 in 78% and @entity1722 in 47% of the @entity213 specimens. No correlation was detectable between receptor @entity3144 serum levels and receptor tissue expression, @entity5 stage, and @entity5 differentiation. Hence, @entity3144 serum levels of @entity470 and @entity1722 are not considered to be valuable @entity5 markers in @entity213 .

title: Serum level and tissue expression of c- XXXX -1 and @entity1722 proto-oncogene products in @entity1 with @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['ECD', 'extracellular receptor domains']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['erbB']


abstract: Cryptic gene regulatory elements are sequences that are inactive at their native locations in the genome but have the ability to become functional when positioned adjacent to genes. We have recently isolated such a cryptic sequence from @entity286 , tCUP, that can act as a promoter. A 135-bp fragment spanning extending from position -197 to -62, relative to the transcription start site, was found to promote GUS expression in all of the major organs of transgenic @entity958 plants. Furthermore, this 135-bp fragment complemented the -46 minimal promoter of @entity3260 35S and conferred constitutive expression on transgenic @entity958 plants. An electrophoretic mobility-shift assay showed that nuclear proteins prepared from @entity286 leaves interact with the 135-bp fragment. tCUP has a core promoter that lacks the TATA consensus sequence but addition of a TATA-box sequence increased the core promoter activity by three-fold. The sequence surrounding the transcription start site of tCUP has sequence similarity with the initiator element (Inr), and deletion of this sequence significantly reduced promoter activity, suggesting that an essential Inr element may exist in the tCUP core promoter. Fusion of the GCC-box enhancer element from pathogenesis-related genes to the core promoter elevated tCUP core promoter activity. Our study indicates that cryptic promoters are similar in composition and organization to promoters associated with expressed genes and that their promoter elements can be combined to create composite promoters that are fully functional. This data provides direct evidence that the expression pattern of plant genes can be influenced by cryptic gene regulatory elements when they are brought into juxtaposition with genes through DNA rearrangements.

title: Enhancers and core promoter elements are essential for the activity of a cryptic gene activation sequence from XXXX , tCUP.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To introduce the management of large chest wall defect. METHODS: From Oct. 2005 to @entity1178 . 2009, 6 @entity1 with large chest wall defects were reconstructed by latissimus dorsi muscle flap and @entity702 mesh in one case, reverse latissimus dorsi muscle flap and @entity7502 mesh in one case, free lateral anterior thigh flap in one case, bilateral pectoralis muscle flap in one case, and vertical rectum abdominal muscle flaps in two cases. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up for 1-24 months with good cosmetic and functional results. The flaps survived completely. One case of @entity764 and one case of @entity50 occurred, which healed after debridement. CONCLUSIONS: Every layers of chest wall defects should be reconstructed, respectively. The chest wall defects should be reconstructed by @entity702 mesh and @entity7502 mesh first. The soft tissue defect should be covered with different flaps according to the location, area and the degree of the defects. Latissimus dorsi muscle flap can be as the first-line treatment with the advantages of good blood supply, flexible movement and abundant tissue volume.

title: [The reconstruction of large chest wall defect for 6 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall fistula']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cause of @entity85 in the proximal extremities of @entity1 who have @entity2760 rheumatica is not completely understood. The diffuse and severe discomfort can only be partially explained by the mild joint @entity603 that is observed in these @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the involvement of the synovial structures of the shoulder girdle of @entity1 who have active symptoms of @entity2760 rheumatica. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: 2 secondary referral centers of rheumatology. @entity1 : 13 case- @entity1 who had active symptoms of @entity2760 rheumatica seen during a 6-month period, 9 control- @entity1 who had early symptoms of elderly-onset @entity309 , and 10 age-matched healthy controls. MEASUREMENTS: Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder was done on the 13 case- @entity1 , 9 control- @entity1 , and 10 healthy controls. RESULTS: The frequency of @entity2585 was significantly higher in the case- @entity1 (who had @entity2760 rheumatica) than in the control- @entity1 (who had elderly-onset @entity309 ). The frequencies of @entity603 and @entity2762 of the biceps did not significantly differ between the 13 case- @entity1 and the 9 control- @entity1 . None of the healthy controls showed evidence of fluid accumulation in the joints, bursae, or sheaths of the long head of the biceps. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation of subacromial and subdeltoid bursae in association with @entity603 and @entity2762 of the biceps may contribute to the diffuse discomfort in the shoulder girdle observed in @entity1 with @entity2760 rheumatica.

title: Proximal XXXX in @entity2760 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'synovitis of the glenohumeral joints', 'synovitis of the joints']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial and subdeltoid bursitis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['bursitis']


abstract: Antiarrhythmic drug therapy is often ineffective or poorly tolerated. Combining antiarrhythmic agents with different electrophysiologic properties may have a synergistic antiarrhythmic effect when compared with each drug alone. If a lower dose of each drug can be used, combination therapy may also result in lower incidence of side effects. The goal of our study was to assess the complementary effect of low-dose @entity2683 and @entity1406 , when compared with either drug alone. Ten @entity1 with frequent @entity943 including 7 @entity1 with nonsustained @entity1165 were evaluated in an open-label sequential study. The response to drug therapy was evaluated by 24-h continuous EKG monitoring, exercise stress testing, and echocardiogram after each treatment. Combination therapy effectively reduced @entity943 in 8 @entity1 (80%) in contrast to only 1 @entity1 (10%) on @entity1406 alone and 4 @entity1 (40%) on @entity2683 alone. In 5 @entity1 (71%) @entity1165 was abolished. The number of couplets was reduced from 51 +/- 39 to 1.9 +/- 2.4 (p less than 0.01) and total premature ventricular beats from 7790 +/- 9047 to 597 +/- 515 (p = 0.06). Combination therapy was well tolerated without proarrhythmia or precipitation of @entity712 . It is concluded that low-dose @entity2683 combined with @entity1406 is effective in suppressing @entity943 in selected @entity1 , and enhances the antiarrhythmic effect of either drug alone without significant side effects.

title: Effect of the combination of low-dose XXXX and @entity1406 on @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2683 :: (MESH:D008801,Chemical) :: ['mexiletine']


abstract: @entity1049 are rare in acute @entity788 . Over the last 9 years at St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK, we have managed severe acute @entity788 by intensive supportive therapy followed by sub-total pancreatic resection and/or debridement in those who fail to improve. Of the 22 @entity1 who have undergone this form of surgery, nine were found to have @entity1049 in the form of either @entity39 or perforation. In addition, one @entity1 presenting at West Middlesex University Hospital, Isleworth, UK, had severe acute @entity788 and @entity39 as an unexpected finding at emergency laparotomy. These ten @entity1 comprised seven @entity1 and three @entity1 of median age 59 years and with a median of four Ranson criteria. In seven @entity1 , @entity1049 was discovered at the time of pancreatic surgery or laparotomy for @entity788 and in the remainder it presented between 1 and 3 weeks later as either a @entity292 (n = 2) or persistent @entity1661 (n = 1). The ascending colon was involved in one @entity1 , the splenic flexure and descending colon in one, the transverse colon in three, the splenic flexure alone in four, and one @entity1 had almost total @entity1049 . All @entity1 underwent resection of the involved colon and exteriorization with either a proximal colostomy (n = 7) or ileostomy (n = 3) and a @entity9358 . Pathological examination of the resected colons revealed a spectrum of changes from pericolitis through to ischaemic @entity39 suggesting at least two possible mechanisms. Six @entity1 died from overwhelming sepsis between 1 day and 4 weeks (median 11 days) after colonic resection. Severe acute @entity788 must be recognized as a cause of @entity694 and @entity39 ; this complication is associated with a very poor prognosis despite surgical intervention.

title: XXXX of severe acute @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'almost total colonic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['faecal fistula']

entities_list: @entity9358 :: ('MESH:D009078', 'Disease') :: ['distal mucous fistula']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic complications', 'colonic involvement']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['Colonic complications']


abstract: Early @entity73 characteristic of early @entity195 seems to be produced by the soluble forms of beta-amyloid protein. Such @entity73 correlates with @entity528 that is reflected as alterations in the electroencephalogram of both @entity195 @entity1 and transgenic @entity19 models of such disease. Correspondingly, recent studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to betaAP affects hippocampal oscillatory properties. However, it is still unclear if such @entity528 results from a direct action of betaAP on the hippocampal circuit or it is secondary to the chronic presence of the protein in the brain. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of acute exposure to betaAP(25-35) on hippocampal network activity both in vitro and in vivo, as well as on intrinsic and synaptic properties of hippocampal neurons. We found that betaAP(25-35), reversibly, affects spontaneous hippocampal population activity in vitro. Such effect is not produced by the inverse sequence betaAP(35-25) and is reproduced by the full-length peptide betaAP(1-42). Correspondingly betaAP(25-35), but not the inverse sequence betaAP(35-25), reduces theta-like activity recorded from the hippocampus in vivo. The betaAP(25-35)-induced disruption in hippocampal network activity correlates with a reduction in spontaneous neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, as well as with an inhibition in the subthreshold oscillations produced by pyramidal neurons in vitro. Finally, we studied the involvement of @entity24698 -kinase on the betaAP(25-35)-induced disruption in hippocampal network activity in vitro. Interestingly, we found that such phenomenon is not observed in slices obtained from @entity24698 -knockout @entity19 . In conclusion, our data suggest that betaAP acutely affects proper hippocampal function through a @entity24698 -dependent mechanism. We propose that such alteration might be related to the @entity73 observed, at least, during the early phases of @entity195 .

title: Beta-amyloid protein (25-35) disrupts hippocampal network activity: role of XXXX -kinase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal network dysfunction']

answer: @entity24698 :: (14360(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Fyn']


abstract: A post confluent layer (6th passage) of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was treated with 3 mM @entity1098 ( @entity1098 ) to expose the subendothelial extra-cellular matrix (ECM). Normal @entity1 aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) harvested by mechanical scraping were seeded onto the ECM of the HUVECs. The cells quickly attached and proliferated with normal morphology. To ensure confluency the HAECs were pooled after a brief trypsin/ @entity1098 incubation and seeded onto the ECM of the same HUVECs (6th passage) cell line. They attached within 2 hours, and the cells grew to confluence displaying cobblestone morphology characteristic of phenotypic endothelium. HUVECs (11th passage) were seeded onto (6th passage) HUVECs ECM. The cells attached, proliferated to confluence within the normal time interval (7-8 days) and were positively characterized. A Corvita 6mm graft supplied with a gelatin/heparin matrix was densely seeded with HUVECs (6th passage). These cells also proliferated to confluence. The implications for improving the design of arterial grafts are discussed.

title: The seeding of @entity1 aortic endothelial cells on the extra-cellular matrix of XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['EDTA', 'ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The insertion mutant HF231 of @entity18394 H16 failed to grow anaerobically on @entity1507 and @entity3542 . When grown under @entity26 limitation, mutant HF231 specifically excreted @entity10474 III, an intermediate of @entity1446 biosynthesis. With the help of a Tn5-labeled fragment, we identified and cloned the corresponding wild-type fragment. Sequence analysis of the mutant locus revealed an open reading frame consisting of 1,473 bp, predicting a protein of 491 @entity1522 that corresponds to a size of 54.2 kDa. In the non-coding upstream region, consensus elements that are indicative for binding sites of the anaerobic transcriptional regulator Fnr were identified. The deduced polypeptide showed extensive sequence similarity with various bacterial @entity26 -independent coproporphyrinogen III oxidases designated HemN. HemN catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of coproporphyrinogen III to yield protoporphyrinogen IX. Anaerobic growth on @entity1507 and @entity3542 of mutant HF231 was restored by introducing the hemN gene of A. eutrophus or of @entity796 on a broad-host-range vector. Likewise, the A. eutrophus hemN complemented @entity1446 biosynthesis of a @entity2491 hemF/hemN double mutant during anaerobic and aerobic growth. Analysis of a transcriptional lacZ gene fusion showed that expression of hemN in A. eutrophus is @entity1507 -independent and repressed by @entity26 .

title: The @entity18394 hemN gene encoding the XXXX -independent coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, is required for @entity1446 biosynthesis during anaerobic growth.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity18394 :: ('106590', 'Species') :: ['Alcaligenes eutrophus']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity10474 :: ('CHEBI:23388', 'Chemical') :: ['coproporphyrin']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: To test the hypothesis that oxidative stress is involved in @entity0 , we compared the levels of @entity7599 ( @entity20821 ), an oxidized DNA base common in cells undergoing oxidative stress, in normal breast tissues from @entity1 with or without @entity0 . We found that @entity0 @entity1 (N = 76) had a significantly higher level of @entity20821 than control subjects (N = 49). The mean ( +/- SD) values of @entity20821 /10(5) dG, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection, were 10.7 +/- 15.5 and 6.3 +/- 6.8 for cases and controls, respectively (P = 0.035). This difference also was found by immunohistochemistry with double-fluorescence labeling and laser-scanning cytometry. The average ratios (x10(6)) of the signal intensity of antibody staining to that of DNA content were 3.9 +/- 7.2 and 1.1 +/- 1.4 for cases (N = 57) and controls (N = 34), respectively (P = 0.008). There was no correlation between the ages of the study subjects and the levels of @entity20821 . Cases also had a significantly higher level of @entity7599 DNA glycosylase/apurinic lyase ( @entity9552 ) protein expression in normal breast tissues than controls (P = 0.008). There was no significant correlation between @entity9552 expression and @entity20821 . Polymorphism of the @entity9552 gene was very rare in this study population. The previously reported exon 1 polymorphism and two novel mutations of the @entity9552 gene were found in three of 168 cases and two of 55 controls. In conclusion, normal breast tissues from @entity5 @entity1 had a significantly higher level of oxidative DNA damage. The elevated level of @entity20821 in @entity5 @entity1 was not related to age or to deficiency of the @entity9552 repair gene.

title: Oxidative DNA damage and XXXX DNA glycosylase/apurinic lyase in @entity1 @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity7599 :: (MESH:C040791,Chemical) :: ['8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity706 form a heterogeneous group of @entity5 . They manifest themselves on the skin and are the second most frequent group of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) following @entity344 . The number of epidemiologic studies is small due to limited availability and limited comparability on population-based data. @entity1 AND METHODS: In the present study the first evaluation of the German Central Registry for @entity706 (ZRKL) of the German Society of Dermatology (DDG) is undertaken on the basis of 998 @entity1 . The epidemiology of @entity706 in Germany is compared to other national or regional lymphoma registries. RESULTS: Based on the registration of 998 @entity1 from 26 clinics in Germany,a clear predominance of @entity784 (85 %) in comparison to cutaneous @entity1892 (14 %) is seen. The most frequent representative of @entity37923 is @entity3217 fungoides,composing 62 % of cases with a slight predominance of @entity1 (M:F = 1.6:1). Differences are also seen in stage of the disease at first presentation of @entity1 with @entity706 .While, for example, 80 % of @entity1 with @entity3217 fungoides in Germany present in early stages (I-IIA),in the USA 34 % of @entity1 are in the @entity5 stage or have organ involvement at presentation. CONCLUSIONS: The ZRKL of the DDG for the first time presents epidemiologic data from Germany, allowing comparison with other nations for the study of etio-logical factors and socioeconomic influences. Further, the ZRKL supports the development of uniform and quality-oriented diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options. Finally, the ZRKL provides a foundation for future intensive study of clinical and scientific questions regarding cutaneous T- and @entity1892 .

title: XXXX in Germany: an analysis of the Central @entity706 Registry of the German Society of Dermatology (DDG).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphomas', 'Cutaneous Lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lymphatic neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous lymphomas']


abstract: Postoperative gastrointestinal bowel transit right after colorectal resection has not yet been clarified. Thirty @entity1 with @entity5 were treated in this pilot study. The nasogastric tube was removed on the first postoperative day. One Sitzmarks capsule was given to each @entity1 on the second postoperative day. Abdominal X-rays were taken at 3, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after capsule intake. Distribution of the remaining Sitzmarks capsules were counted on X-ray films to clarify postoperative @entity344 after bowel resection. All Sitzmarks capsules were observed in the stomach at 3 and 6 hours after capsule intake. At 8 hours (second postoperative day), the Sitzmarks capsules were distributed from the stomach to the small intestine. Sitzmarks capsules were distributed in the right side colon at 24 hours (third postoperative day) after intake. Although the main distribution was still in the right side colon, several @entity1 had evacuations accompanied by the disappearance of the Sitzmarks capsules. In 50% of the @entity1 , it took approximately 72 hours (fifth postoperative day) for the first defecation after intake of the capsules. However, the Sitzmarks capsules remained mainly in the right side colon. Eight hours after intake, the majority of the Sitzmarks capsules shifted to the small intestine. Therefore, medication or feeding should be safely possible starting on the second postoperative day. There was no particular impact of bowel resection on upper gastrointestinal transit in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Recovery of upper @entity344 after XXXX surgery: a pilot transit analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal movement']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectosigmoid cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectosigmoid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the safety and cost-effectiveness of same-day discharge after uncomplicated transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (TR-PCI) is well established in Europe and Asia, such data are not available for @entity10479 @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent TR-PCI at our high-volume @entity10479 medical center between 2004 and 2007 were included in this study. The primary end point was in-hospital adverse clinical outcomes between 6 and 24 hours postprocedure. RESULTS: A total of 450 @entity1 were included in this study (aged 59 +/- 11 years). Of these, 13% were female, 27% were @entity6 , 6% had @entity1095 , and 5% had @entity740 . Procedural indications included @entity5749 (49%), @entity1459 (31%), non- @entity583 (NSTEMI) (17%), and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) (3%). All @entity1 received an intra-arterial cocktail of heparin, @entity1855 , and @entity1242 , and 13% of @entity1 received glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Seven percent of @entity1 had 3-vessel disease, 3% had bypass grafts stenoses, and 20% had class B(2)/C lesions. Procedural success rate was 96%. A total of 24 (5.3%) postprocedural complications were observed; however, none occurred between hours 6 to 24, the time differential between same-day and next-day discharge. Thirteen @entity1 (2.9%) experienced significant complications within the first 6 hours (MI, urgent repeat revascularization, and @entity1165 ). Eleven (2.4%) spontaneously resolved minor access complications developed. There were 12 same-day discharges according to the operators' discretion; none required readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Although a low incidence of complications did occur, none would have been impacted by same-day discharge. Those observed before 6 hours would have prevented early discharge, and those occurring after 24 hours would have been unaffected by routine next-day discharge. This observational study demonstrated the safety and feasibility for a prospective evaluation of ambulatory TR-PCI in an American practice setting.

title: Ambulatory discharge after transradial coronary intervention: Preliminary XXXX single-center experience (Same-day TransRadial Intervention and Discharge Evaluation, the STRIDE Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity10479 :: (MESH:D065309,Disease) :: ['US']


abstract: We report a case of drug induced @entity55 caused by Saiboku-To. A 60-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of dry cough, @entity221 and severe @entity1353 after taking Saiboku-To. Blood gas analysis showed marked @entity519 . Chest X-ray obtained on admission showed diffuse ground glass shadows in bilateral lung fields, and computed tomography showed diffuse interstitial shadows. Following @entity134 pulse therapy, clinical symptoms, @entity519 and chest X-ray findings were ameliorated. Against medical advice, she took another Chinese medicine with ingredients similar to those of Saiboku-To. She complained of dry cough, @entity221 and @entity1353 and the chest X-ray again revealed diffuse ground glass shadows in both lung fields. Lymphocyte stimulation test against Saiboku-To and the patch test for Saiboku-To were positive. Therefore, we diagnosed this case as having @entity55 due to Saiboku-To. This is first report of @entity401 due to Saiboku-To.

title: [A case of drug induced XXXX caused by saiboku-To].

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonitis']


abstract: Aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography and computed tomography with @entity25249 (Cho-PET/CT) and whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for diagnostic work-up of @entity263 . @entity1 , METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively 42 @entity1 with @entity263 (n = 17), or increasing levels of @entity1486 (PSA) after curative therapy (n = 25) who had been investigated by both Cho-PET/CT and WB-MRI. MRI, CT, and PET images were separately analyzed by experienced radiologists or nuclear medicine experts, followed by consensus reading. Validation was established by histology, follow-up, or consensus reading. RESULTS: 88/103 detected lesions were considered as malignant: 44 bone @entity3 , 22 @entity5 , 15 lymph node @entity3 , 3 lung, and 3 brain @entity3 . One further lesion was located in the adrenal gland, which was a second @entity5 . Overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for Cho-PET/CT were 96.6%, 76.5%, and 93.3%, resp., and for WB-MRI 78.4%, 94.1%, and 81.0%, resp. 3 vertebral @entity3 had initially been missed by Cho-PET/CT and were found retrospectively. MRI identified 2 bone @entity3 and 1 lymph node @entity3 after being informed about the results of Cho-PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS: Cho-PET/CT and WB-MRI both presented high accuracy in the detection of bone and lymph node @entity3 . The strength of MRI is excellent image quality providing detailed anatomical information whereas the advantage of Cho-PET/CT is high image contrast of pathological foci.

title: Comparison of XXXX -PET/CT and whole body-MRI for staging of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'untreated prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity25249 :: (CHEBI:72322,Chemical) :: ['11C-choline']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity385 secondary to @entity693 were retrospectively identified at our institution over a period of 5 years. They accounted for 47% (17/36) of @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ) and 32% (11/34) of @entity1330 cases. Single @entity1188 were found in 15 @entity1 and multiple @entity1188 in 13. The distribution of single @entity1188 was: basal ganglia 7; internal capsule 3; thalamus 1; cerebellum 1; and cortical @entity1188 3. Therapeutic outcomes at 3 months were determined using a modified Barthel INDEX: At follow-up of 3 months or more, 10 had good outcomes while the other 18 had poor outcomes. The 18 with poor outcomes included six who died, and 12 who had severe @entity16 . @entity1906 and @entity1330 shared similar clinical features, both being frequently associated with other @entity16 , including @entity1276 , @entity129 , and @entity410 in our @entity1 . However, extracranial involvement, such as spinal and @entity358 , was more commonly found in @entity1906 @entity1 . @entity385 can occur in both the acute stage and later stages of treatment. Mortality and morbidity are high, and early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial treatment are essential. If @entity1276 is demonstrated, early ventricular decompression is needed to prevent further @entity1779 .

title: @entity385 in @entity693 : a comparison of @entity1906 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae', 'neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['chronic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis', 'TBM']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarction', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1330 :: (MESH:D016919,Disease) :: ['cryptococcal meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spinal cord independence measure (SCIM) is a newly developed disability scale specific to @entity1 with @entity602 ( @entity602 ). Its sensitivity to functional changes in a whole cohort of @entity602 @entity1 was found to be better than that of the @entity177 ( @entity177 ). OBJECTIVE: o compare the sensitivity to functional changes of the SCIM and the @entity177 in @entity602 subgroups. DESIGN: A comparative self-controlled study. SETTING: The Spinal Department, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel. SUBJECTS: 22 @entity602 inpatients. INTERVENTIONS: Monthly SCIM and @entity177 assessments of the subgroups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Functional change detection rate (FDR) and mean differences between consecutive scores (DCS). RESULTS: The outcome measures of the SCIM were higher than those of the @entity177 for @entity1688 and @entity451 , @entity75 (the @entity177 missed 25-27% of the functional changes detected by the SCIM; DSC 8.2-11.4 vs 5.2-9; P<0.05 in most comparisons). The SCIM did not exhibit this advantage, however, in the functional areas of self-care and mobility in the room and toilet. Further subgrouping yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: The SCIM is more sensitive than the @entity177 to functional changes in the subgroups studied, and has the potential to serve as a universal tool for disability assessment of @entity602 @entity1 .

title: The spinal cord independence measure (SCIM): sensitivity to functional changes in subgroups of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['complete and incomplete lesions']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['SCL', 'spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional independence measure', 'FIM']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord lesion']


abstract: To determine racial and ethnic differences in incidence and survival in @entity1 with @entity149 ( @entity149 ), NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data from 1992 to 2002 were queried. Data were substratified by age (20-49 years vs. 50 or above) and race (White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander [A/PI], American Indian/Alaskan Native [AI/AN]). Incidence of @entity149 and survival were calculated by SEER(*)Stat software. The incidence rates were 0.94 per 100,000 per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-0.98) for Whites, 1.10 (95% CI 0.98-1.22) for Blacks, 0.51 (95% CI 0.28-0.74) for AI/AN, and 0.64 (95% CI 0.56-0.72) for A/PI. In @entity1 aged 20-49 years the rates were 0.72 (95% CI 0.68-0.76) for Whites, 1.43 (95% CI 1.27-1.59) for Blacks, 0.58 (95% CI 0.30-0.86) for AI/AN, and 0.21 (CI 0.15-0.27) for A/PI. In @entity1 over 49 years, the rates were 1.30 (95% CI 1.22-1.38) for Whites, 0.56 (95% CI 0.40-0.72) for Blacks, 0.34 (95% CI 0-0.70) for AI/AN, and 1.31 (95% CI 1.00-1.53) for A/PI. @entity149 incidence for ages 20-49 years for Black @entity1 was twice that for Whites. Incidence for ages over 49 years for Whites was twice that for Blacks. Survival at 12 months, 24 months, and 60 months was higher among Whites than Blacks. Research is needed to determine the origin of these differences.

title: Racial differences in XXXX incidence and survival rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'primary central nervous system lymphoma']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['primary central nervous system lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the @entity86 between standard uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and coblation assisted UPPP, and to evaluate the related risk factors and preventive measures. METHODS: Five hundreds and ninety seven @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) underwent UPPP and coblation assisted UPPP between January 1, 1999, and September 30, 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Two hundred and sixty three @entity1 with coblation assisted UPPP and 334 @entity1 with standard UPPP were treated respectively. Single factor statistic analysis, multiple factors Logistic regress statistic analysis and Wilcoxon test method for related risk factors were applied. RESULTS: A total of 42 @entity1 (7.0%) experienced @entity86 . Among them, 24 @entity1 with coblation assisted UPPP (9.1%) and 18 @entity1 with UPPP (5.4%) had @entity86 . Significant difference was not found in the degree of @entity548 (z = 0.784, P > 0.05), @entity548 site(  (2) = 1.387, P > 0.05) and @entity86 rates (  (2) = 3.14, P > 0.05) between the two surgical techniques. Significant difference was found in the interval of @entity548 after surgery between the two surgical techniques (  (2) = 9.25, P < 0.01). History of @entity101 , smoking, @entity409 was found to be correlated with the @entity86 (Odd-ratio were respectively 7.326, 3.674, 2.707). CONCLUSION: Coblation technique did not significantly increase @entity86 .

title: [Study on XXXX following coblation assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome', 'OSAHS']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage', 'postoperative bleeding', 'UPPP postoperative hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: Intracellullar trafficking of lipids is fundamental to membrane biogenesis. For the synthesis of @entity4291 , @entity2367 is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus by the @entity2367 transfer protein @entity40467 . @entity40467 is phosphorylated by protein kinase D at S132 and subsequently multiple times in a @entity563 -repeat motif, resulting in its inactivation. However, the kinase involved in the multiple phosphorylation remains unclear. Here, we identify the @entity22473 isoform of casein kinase I ( @entity51925 ) as a kinase whose overexpression confers @entity4291 -directed toxin-resistance to @entity3569 ovary cells. In a transformant stably expressing @entity51925 , @entity40467 was hyperphosphorylated, and the intracellular trafficking of @entity2367 was retarded, thereby reducing de novo @entity4291 synthesis. The reduction in the synthesis of @entity4291 caused by @entity51925 was reversed by the expression of @entity40467 mutants that are not hyperphosphorylated. Furthermore, @entity51925 directly phosphorylated @entity40467 in vitro. Among three gamma isoforms, only knockdown of @entity22473 isoform caused drastic changes in the ratio of hypo- to hyperphosphorylated form of @entity40467 in HeLa cells. These results indicate that @entity51925 hyperphosphorylates the @entity563 -repeat motif of @entity40467 , thereby inactivating @entity40467 and down-regulating the synthesis of @entity4291 .

title: Casein kinase I{gamma}2 down-regulates trafficking of XXXX in the synthesis of @entity4291 .

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity2367 :: (CHEBI:17761,Chemical) :: ['ceramide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Longitudinal studies on lone @entity955 are rare and the incidence of @entity101 in this population unknown. This study aimed at investigating the incidence of @entity101 in @entity1 with apparently lone @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Out of 292 consecutive @entity1 presented with permanent or paroxysmal @entity955 , 32 @entity1 were diagnosed as having lone @entity955 according to strict criteria. Three @entity1 were subjected to ablation of the ligament of Marshall, 14 @entity1 to @entity358 , and the remainder were treated with beta blockade. @entity1 were followed-up for a 1-3 year period. During follow-up, 14 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity101 . Thirteen of them had recurrent @entity955 despite ligament of Marshall ablation (1 @entity1 ), @entity358 (4 @entity1 ) and beta blockade (8 @entity1 ). Cox regression analysis revealed that the only significant predictor of development of @entity101 was complete or partial response to antiarrhythmic therapy (beta=3.82, S.E.=1.22, exp(b)=45.63, 95% C.I.=4.17-499.2, p=0.001), independent of age (beta=-0.01, p=0.74), sex (beta=-0.91, p=0.28), left ventricular ejection fraction (beta=0.06, p=0.52), left atrial size (beta=0.58, p=0.7) and kind of antiarrhythmic therapy (ablation or drug therapy) (beta=1.36, p=0.09). In @entity1 with lone @entity955 that did not respond at all to antiarrhythmic therapy, there was a 45.6 times higher risk of diagnosing @entity101 during the next 3 years as compared to responders. CONCLUSION: Approximately 44% of @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of lone @entity955 may represent occult cases of @entity101 . In these @entity1 @entity101 may affect @entity955 recurrence and treatment outcomes, regardless of the mode of antiarrhythmic therapy used.

title: Latent @entity101 in apparently lone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Cardiodepressant and vasodilator effects of PN 200-110 ( @entity4768 ) were investigated in anesthetized open-chest @entity95 and compared with those of @entity594 , @entity3988 or placebo. In order to eliminate compensatory reflexes that may mask negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of blood pressure-lowering agents, the animals were vagotomized and pretreated with 1 mg/kg @entity1169 . Dose-response curves were obtained with 4 doses of each drug in 6 animals. The doses were chosen to cause comparable decreases in blood pressure. PN 200-110 had the highest efficacy with respect to @entity1897 (increase in total peripheral conductance) and coronary blood flow, measured with radioactive-labeled microspheres. It did not decrease myocardial contractile force (measured with a strain gauge). The 2 other compounds caused biphasic changes in coronary blood flow and cardiac output. Their efficacy with respect to @entity1897 was limited by cardiodepression. Their dose-response curve for cardiodepression was flat at the 2 smaller doses and became steeper at the 2 larger doses. @entity594 did not change heart rate; PN 200-110 decreased it minimally and @entity3988 had a dose-dependent negative chronotropic effect. After eliminating autonomic influences on the heart, direct myocardial effects of @entity460 antagonists become demonstrable in whole animals and can be compared with the vascular effects measured in the same animals.

title: Comparison of cardiodepressant and vasodilator effects of PN 200-110 ( @entity4768 ), @entity594 and XXXX in anesthetized @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vasodilatation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity4768 :: ('MESH:D017275', 'Chemical') :: ['isradipine']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different body-related behaviours and cognitions (checking, avoidance, comparison, display) have been shown to be related to unhealthy eating attitudes in a non-clinical sample. AIMS: This study tested whether the use of body-related behaviours is higher in eating-disordered @entity1 than in non-clinical @entity1 . It also examined whether the use of body-related behaviours is associated with psychological characteristics (particularly @entity148 , @entity308 and narcissistic characteristics), controlling for age and eating pathology. METHOD: Ninety-nine adult @entity1 with diagnosed @entity1277 (mean age = 30.4 years, SD = 9.44; mean body mass index = 21.9, SD = 6.39) completed standardized measures of eating pathology, @entity148 and @entity308 , narcissistic characteristics, and body-related behaviours and cognitions. RESULTS: The Body-Related Behaviours Scale (BRBS) had acceptable levels of internal consistency in this group, and its scales were only weakly to moderately correlated with each other. There were no differences between diagnostic groups, but the clinical group had higher scores that a previous non-clinical sample on three of the scales. The four body-related behaviours had different patterns of association with eating pathology, @entity308 and narcissistic features. However, @entity148 was not associated with BRBS scores. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the importance of a wide range of body-related behaviours and cognitions in understanding the @entity1277 . However, the lack of an association with @entity148 is counter to the suggestion that the various behaviours measured by the BRBS reflect safety behaviours on the part of sufferers. @entity308 and narcissistic features might be more important in maintaining such behaviours.

title: Body-related behaviours and cognitions in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']