abstract: Basal parameters for binding and cross-linking of 125I- @entity35 prolactin ( @entity3695 ) to lactogenic ( @entity3695 ) binding species present in crude membrane fraction (CMF) or detergent-solubilized preparations of @entity35 liver have been investigated. (1) The highest specific binding to CMF was obtained with an incubation time of 50 h at 20 degrees C and with a 50 mM @entity17500 buffer adjusted to pH 8.5. (2) Cross-linking of 125I- @entity3695 to binding sites in CMF with @entity17672 (DSS) showed the autoradiographic appearance of an Mr 40,000 binding species. (3) No specific binding or cross-linking of @entity3695 was seen in Triton X-100-solubilized CMF. This is probably due to @entity6000 -induced changes in the physical properties of @entity3695 ) Specific binding of 125I- @entity3695 was detected in CHAPS-solubilized CMF. Following cross-linking the autoradiographic appearance of a binding species with an Mr value of 40,000 was shown. 125I-hGH was cross-linked to three @entity3695 binding species with Mr 82,000, 40,000 and 35,000 in CHAPS-solubilized preparations. (5) In Golgi-enriched low-density membrane preparation 125I- @entity3695 was @entity2198 . It is proposed that the inability of @entity3695 to be @entity2198 present in CHAPS-solubilized preparation is the result of CHAPS-induced changes of @entity3695 binding properties and low solubilizing capacity of CHAPS. (6) In conclusion, this study shows that also the iodinated endogenous hormone, @entity35 prolactin, and not only hGH identifies high and low molecular forms of the @entity35 liver @entity34858 .

title: Binding and cross-linking of iodinated XXXX prolactin to @entity35 hepatic @entity34858 .

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['cross-linked to Mr 82,000 and 35,000 species', 'cross-linked to Mr 82,000, 40,000 and 35,000 species']

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity17672 :: ('MESH:C019358', 'Chemical') :: ['disuccinimidyl suberate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1352 are soft-tissue @entity5 that rarely occur in the head and neck. The purpose of this study was to evaluate their CT and MR imaging appearance and to show that they may have a surprisingly benign imaging appearance. METHODS: Eight @entity1 with histologically proved @entity1352 underwent CT; additionally, MR imaging examinations were performed in five of the eight cases. Attenuation and signal intensity on CT scans and MR images, respectively, were studied by two radiologists. They analyzed the location, size, margins, homogeneity, presence of @entity3018 and infiltrative signs, and enhancement after injection of contrast medium. RESULTS: Four @entity5 were located in the hypopharynx, two arose from the infratemporal fossa, one arose from the maxillary sinus, and one arose from the faucial tonsil. @entity5 sizes ranged from 27 to 70 mm. On CT scans and MR images, six lesions were homogeneous and well defined, with smooth margins. The remaining @entity5 were heterogeneous. In two cases, adjacent tissues were invaded. Calcifications were observed in one case and @entity3018 in two cases. In three cases, the lesions were isointense on T1-weighted MR images and hypointense on T2-weighted MR images, and in the other two cases in which MR imaging was performed, the lesions were both isointense and hypointense on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Only the two local recurrent lesions were multilocular. CONCLUSION: @entity1352 are @entity146 that may appear "benign" in some cases. In a young @entity1 , a @entity1352 may be suspected when a well-demarcated, homogeneous lesion is found in the head and neck.

title: @entity1352 of the head and neck: CT and MR imaging findings of eight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy', 'adenopathies']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial sarcomas', 'synovial sarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To evaluate the neural regulation of postprandial @entity1943 release we studied the effect of blockade of (a) alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic and (b) cholinergic receptors on the plasma @entity1943 , @entity8243 and @entity2690 responses to a standard meal in two groups of five fasting healthy male volunteers. @entity9005 (0.1 mg/kg iv over two minutes then 10 mg/hour for two hours) and @entity1169 (0.15 mg/kg iv over two minutes, then 0.75 mg/kg/hour for two hours) were started just before eating while @entity3897 (0.04 mg/kg/im) was given at 15 minutes on completion of the meal. There was a prompt and sustained rise in plasma @entity1943 after a control meal in all experiments. This rise was arrested by @entity3897 but not altered by either @entity9005 or @entity1169 . The plasma @entity8243 response to a meal was moderately enhanced by @entity9005 and markedly enhanced by @entity3897 . Postprandial @entity2690 release was not affected by alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockade but was abolished by @entity3897 . The effect of @entity3897 on the postprandial plasma @entity1943 rise might have been mediated through reduction in gastric acidity or delay in gastric emptying. Hence we gave five fasting male volunteers and intraduodenal infusion of fat emulsion (25 calories in 30 minutes) on two occasions both alone and after @entity3897 . Plasma @entity1943 rose during the fat infusion alone and this rise was abolished by @entity3897 . These data suggest that (a) cholinergic but not adrenergic mechanisms are important modulators of plasma @entity1943 release after orally ingested and intraduodenally infused nutrients (b) @entity3897 abolishes plasma @entity1943 release independently of its effects on gastric acidity and motility and (c) are consistent with the hypothesis that @entity3897 potentiates postprandial @entity8243 release through reduction of @entity1943 mediated inhibition.

title: Autonomic regulation of postprandial plasma @entity1943 , @entity8243 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity9005 :: ('MESH:D013948', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymoxamine', 'thymoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic importance of T classification and maximum @entity5 thickness ( @entity98 ) on the treatment results of @entity5 treated with interstitial brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between January 1981 and December 1993, 173 cases were eligible for this retrospective analysis. Of 173 @entity1 , 75 were classified as Stage I and 98 as Stage II: maximum @entity5 length ranged from 6 to 40 mm. @entity98 , which ranged from 2 to 38 mm, was measured with ultrasonography and/or palpation. Brachytherapy was performed with @entity3201 hairpins or radium needles following external irradiation in 66 @entity1 , or exclusively in 107 @entity1 . RESULTS: The 5-year local recurrence rates were Stage I, 7%; Stage II, 22%; @entity98 < 8 mm, 8%; and @entity98 > or = 8 mm, 28%. The 5-year regional recurrence rates were Stage I, 15%; Stage II, 29%; @entity98 < 8 mm, 18%; and @entity98 > or = 8 mm, 31%, respectively. The 5-year local recurrence rates of the @entity1 with Stage I and @entity98 < 8 mm of the brachytherapy only group were significantly better than those of Stage II and @entity98 > or = 8 mm (5% and 6% vs. 16% and 24%). The 5-year regional recurrence rates of the @entity1 with Stage I and @entity98 < 8 mm of the brachytherapy-only group were significantly better than those of Stage II and @entity98 > or = 8 mm (14% and 16% vs. 34% and 46%). There was no significant difference in the 5-year regional recurrence rates between the two groups of Stage I and Stage II, @entity98 < 8 mm. However, there was a significant difference in the 5-year regional recurrence rates between the two groups of @entity98 > or = 8 mm (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity5 thickness as well as T classification were prognostic for nodal @entity3 and prognosis. @entity1 with @entity98 > or = 8 mm are more likely to fail in the neck region. These findings suggest that @entity98 should be considered along with T stage in determining strategies for @entity5 .

title: Treatment results of @entity5 with interstitial brachytherapy: maximum XXXX thickness is prognostic of nodal @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage I and II oral tongue cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity18639 ( @entity18640 ) is a mycotoxin produced by @entity18327 and F. proliferatum, common contaminants of @entity2829 . @entity18640 causes toxicological effects in laboratory and domestic animals including @entity1707 . The gastrointestinal tract represents a barrier encountered by exogenous food compounds. The purpose of our study was to determine @entity18640 effects on intestinal immune response. Nine recently weaned piglets orally received 0.5 mg of purified toxin/kg of body weight/day for 7 days, while eight other animals were kept as controls. After necropsy, ileal samples were analyzed for five pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression by RT-PCR. No difference was observed for @entity16318 , @entity22134 , IL-12 and @entity50406 mRNA levels between control and @entity18640 -treated animals. In contrast, @entity18640 treatment induced a significant down-regulation of the expression of @entity9404 mRNA in the @entity1707 ilea. The effect of FB(1) on the @entity9404 expression was also examined in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell line IPEC-1. @entity18640 decreases the expression of @entity9404 , both at the mRNA and protein levels, in a dose-dependant manner. Taken together, our data demonstrate that @entity18640 alters the intestinal immune response by decreasing the level of @entity9404 . This may contribute to the increased intestinal colonization by pathogenic @entity526 that was observed in FB(1)-treated @entity1707 and may have implications for @entity1 /animals consuming @entity18640 -contaminated food/feed.

title: Mycotoxin fumonisin B1 selectively down-regulates the basal @entity9404 expression in XXXX intestine: in vivo and in vitro studies.

entities_list: @entity18327 :: ('117187', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium verticillioides']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe clinical description, biological findings, outcome and prognostic factors of @entity7227 @entity4968 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We report a cohort study spreaded over 6 years (1999-2004), realized in Medical Intensive Care Unit in Ibn-Rochd University Hospital at Casablanca (Morocco). This study included 315 @entity1 admitted for @entity7227 ( @entity10155 ) @entity4968 . Diagnosis was based on: @entity4968 reported by the @entity1 or his family, clinical data, biological findings and qualitative determination of PPD. Epidemiological parameters was obtained at admission. Every day, clinical and biological data, therapy and gravity scores were collected and a mean was calculated. RESULTS: 315 @entity1 were admitted over this period. The mean age was 23+/-9 years. We noticed a clear female predominance (sex-ratio=9.86). The intoxication was voluntarily aiming at autolysis in 93.3% of the cases. The @entity1 were admitted at about 5+/-5.3 hours after the intoxication. The clinical chart was at first dominated by the respiratory and renal symptoms. The mean of @entity9153 was 132,351.8+/-164,978 UI/l. The treatment was especially symptomatic. The mortality was 47%. The multivariate analysis concluded that acid urinary pH, hyperglycaemia, hard muscles, betamimetic drugs and MPM II>0.14 were associated with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: The PPD @entity4968 represents the first cause of toxic @entity5925 in our context and responsible of high mortality. For that, it's necessary to control PPD trade, to inform the medical @entity1 and a rapid management.

title: [ XXXX and @entity7227 @entity4968 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['paraphenylene-diamine']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: Biomedical nanocomposites constituted of bioactive ceramic and resorbable polymer have shown promise for the successful regeneration of bone tissues. We developed herein a novel nanocomposite made up of a bioactive glass in a nanofibrous form and a degradable synthetic polymer, @entity7049 ( @entity1989 ). The glass nanofiber with a bioactive composition was generated via an electrospinning process with an average diameter of approximately 320 nm. The nanofiber was homogenized with @entity1989 solution at various concentrations (up to 35% nanofiber), followed by drying and thermal pressing to produce dense nanocomposites. The nanocomposites showed an internal morphology of uniformly dispersed nanofibers within the @entity1989 matrix. The nanocomposites induced rapid formation of a @entity56978 layer on the surface under a simulated physiological medium. As the amount of bioactive nanofiber increased (from 5 to 25%), the in vitro bioactivity of the nanocomposite was improved. The osteoblast responses to the nanocomposites (compositions with 5 and 25% nanofiber) were assessed in terms of cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Osteoblasts attached and grew well on the nanocomposites and secreted collagen protein at initial culturing periods. The differentiation of cells, as assessed by the expression of alkaline phosphatase, was significantly improved on the nanocomposites as compared to those on pure @entity1989 . Moreover, the mineralized product by the cells was observed to be significantly higher on the nanocomposites with respect to pure @entity1989 . The newly developed nanocomposite constituted of bioactive nanofiber and degradable polymer is considered as a promising bone regeneration matrix with its excellent bioactivity and osteoblast responses.

title: Bioactivity and osteoblast responses of novel biomedical nanocomposites of bioactive glass nanofiber filled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56978 :: ('MESH:C413465', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxycarbonate apatite']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(lactic acid)']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly(lactic acid)']


abstract: The present study was conducted to compare @entity291 embryo developmental quality, after culture in different defined culture media, up to blastocyst stage, and subsequently cultured in media supplemented with @entity5643 (beta-ME) following blastocyst vitrification and thawing. In part one of this study, presumptive zygotes were randomly allocated into the following media: (1) CR1, (2) KSOM, (3) SOF, and (4) sequential KSOM-SOF. In the second part of the study, blastocysts derived from four different culture media were subjected to a solid surface vitrification (35% (v/v) @entity10977 +0.5M Sucrose+5% (w/v) @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ), and tested for the effect of beta-ME on their post-vitrification survival. Following thawing, blastocysts were cultured with or without beta-ME. Culture medium had no effect on cleavage rates; however, a significantly greater number of zygotes cultured in KSOM, KSOM-SOF, or SOF developed to the 8-cell stage, compared with those cultured in CR1. A greater proportion of the zygotes cultured in SOF or KSOM-SOF reached blastocysts, than did those cultured in CR1 or KSOM. The use of sequential KSOM-SOF significantly increased total cell numbers of Day 7 expanded-blastocysts when compared to those cultured in CR1, KSOM, or SOF. Addition of beta-ME into culture media after vitrification and thawing improved blastocyst survival, hatching rates, and total cell numbers of blastocysts. In conclusion, supplementation of beta-ME into culture medium after vitrification and thawing significantly increased blastocyst survival, hatching rates, and their total cell numbers. These results suggest that vitrified IVF embryos should be thawed and briefly cultured in beta-ME medium prior to embryo transfer.

title: Higher survival rate of vitrified and thawed in vitro produced @entity291 blastocysts following culture in defined medium supplemented with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity5643 :: ('CHEBI:41218', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-mercaptoethanol']

answer: @entity5643 :: (CHEBI:41218,Chemical) :: ['beta-mercaptoethanol']


abstract: High mortality among dairy @entity291 constitutes a problem both financially and in relation to animal welfare. Knowledge about causes of @entity204 is a fundamental step toward reducing @entity291 mortality. Several studies have evaluated causes of dairy @entity291 deaths. However, the vast majority of studies describing causes of @entity204 are based on questionnaires with farmers or veterinarians. It is uncertain to what degree such information is sufficient and reflects the true cause of @entity204 or euthanasia. In this study, proximate causes of @entity204 were evaluated based on a thorough necropsy of a random sample of 79 Danish dairy @entity291 at an incineration plant. The necropsy was combined with information about the farmer's perception regarding the cause of @entity204 and information about disease treatments from the Danish @entity291 Database. @entity146 were found to be the most predominant proximate causes of @entity204 . Often the @entity204 occurred after a prolonged period during which the @entity291 suffered several @entity74 , even though this was often not noticed by the farmer. Causes of @entity204 stated by the farmers agreed with the necropsy results in 50 to 64% of cases. Information about disease treatments from the Danish @entity291 Database agreed with the necropsy results in 34 to 39% of cases. All 3 sources of information about cause of @entity204 agreed in only 1 out of 4 cases, and even when the farmer and the disease recordings did agree with the necropsy results, the latter often gave additional information about the cause of @entity204 . In many situations, therefore, a necropsy may be a valuable tool when trying to control excessive @entity291 mortality in a herd.

title: Necropsy as a means to gain additional information about causes of dairy XXXX deaths.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['different disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia and locomotor disorders']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the activity and @entity137 of the combination @entity3003 plus @entity1206 in extensive @entity151 ( @entity151 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A two-stage optimal Simon design was applied. To proceed after the first stage, responses from 8 of 11 treated @entity1 were needed. Overall, 31 responses of 43 treated @entity1 were required to comply with the design parameters. Inclusion criteria were cytohistologically proven @entity151 ; extensive disease; age of 70 years or less; Eastern Cooperative Oncology group performance status (ps ECOG) of 2 or less; normal cardiac, hepatic, renal, and @entity236 ; and no previous chemotherapy. @entity1 were staged by physical examination; biochemistry; chest radiograph; brain, thoracic; and abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scans, and bone scan. All @entity1 received @entity3003 300 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) day 1 and @entity1206 25 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks up to six cycles. Of 43 enrolled @entity1 , 36 were @entity1 and 7 @entity1 , with a median age of 63 years (range, 46 to 70 years). RESULTS: All @entity1 were assessable for response and @entity137 . We observed 32 (74%) objective responses, with 23% complete responses. Median time to progression was 25 weeks, and median survival was 37 weeks. The treatment was well tolerated. The reported main @entity137 were @entity1431 grade 3 in 21% of @entity1 and grade 4 in 5% of @entity1 , @entity417 grade 2 in 11% of @entity1 and grade 3 in 2% of @entity1 , and @entity882 grade 3 in 7% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These data show that @entity3003 plus @entity1206 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in extensive @entity151 . In view of the activity, low @entity137 , and ease of administration, it may be a reasonable alternative to more toxic @entity900 -containing regimens.

title: @entity3003 plus XXXX , a new well-tolerated and active regimen for the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Gruppo Oncologico Centro-Sud-Isole.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow functions']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: The determination that a chemical poses a reproductive risk to @entity1 typically relies upon fertility studies using rodents. However, fertility in rodents is often difficult to disrupt and more sensitive indicators of reproductive function should be included in the risk assessment process. The present discussion compares the sensitivity of fertility to other endpoints following exposure to known reproductive toxicants. In our studies @entity35 were dosed from weaning through puberty , gestation, and lactation. The reproductive function of the male, the female, and the offspring was assessed. The effects of @entity1306 , @entity9454 (MBC), @entity15523 ( @entity11559 ), and @entity7295 are discussed and compared to fertility. For each compound a ratio (SR = sensitivity ratio) of the lowest effect level (LEL) for @entity249 or reduced fecundity to the LEL for the most sensitive physiologic endpoint was calculated. The SR should be large when a compound produces effects over a wide range of doses, but should equal unity when the dose-response curve is very steep. For @entity1306 , which blocked implantation, pubertal landmarks and estrous cyclicity provided rapid and sensitive indicators of the subsequent reproductive failure. The SR = 8 (100/12) for @entity1306 using data from females. In contrast, @entity11559 and MBC directly altered testicular function, and for these compounds, sperm and testicular measures provided sensitive indicators of @entity137 . The SR for MBC was 2 (100/50), while @entity11559 had a SR of 1 (500/500). In the @entity7295 study, fertility was not reduced but most of the pups (F1) died shortly after birth. The SR for @entity7295 is equal to 0.5 (10/20). At 20 mg/kg the treated females were larger and their estrous cycles were erratic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The development of a protocol to assess reproductive effects of toxicants in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1306 :: ('MESH:D008731', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxychlor']

entities_list: @entity9454 :: ('MESH:C006698', 'Chemical') :: ['carbendazim']

entities_list: @entity15523 :: ('MESH:D003993', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyl phthalate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The successful implementation of a preventive dentistry program depends, to a large extent, on the compliance of the @entity1 . The scheduled program would include: recall appointments, all instructions relative to oral hygiene, use of nightly @entity1388 rinses, and control of diet. To ensure that high-risk @entity1 who have cariogenic bacteria are adequately treated, @entity1216 rinses may be required on a periodic basis. The @entity1 's level of risk must determine all treatment decisions. For low-risk @entity1 , the times between recall appointments can be extended when evidence of @entity1167 and remineralization can be documented. High-risk @entity1 should be recalled at least every three months, until evidence of @entity1167 and/or remineralization has been documented. For @entity1 with extremely low saliva flow rates, the combined @entity1216 and @entity1388 method may be required. If the caries risk is still judged to be high according to bacteria counts and/or evidence of further lesion development or progression, more frequent applications of @entity1216 may be required. Because @entity1388 varnish is generally more effective on smooth surfaces than on fissure sites, moderate @entity1547 @entity1 should receive @entity1388 varnish on smooth surfaces, and sealants, when indicated, on fissure sites. As the caries risk of the @entity1 is reduced to a low-risk level, less frequent use of @entity1388 -containing or @entity1388 releasing products is indicated, and there can be longer periods between recall examinations. Three applications of @entity1388 varnish, applied to a single week, appear to provide greater caries protection than two applications per year. Attempts should be made to ensure that the varnish is applied immediately after cleaning the teeth and protected as long as possible after the varnish has been applied (preferably at least 10 hours). @entity1388 varnish appears to be as effective as topical @entity1388 gel and may be safer. Thus, a greater frequently of application is permitted without a significant risk of @entity3296 . Prevention is more cost effective as the @entity1 shifts from a high-risk level to a low-risk level. Recall appointments can subsequently be extended and more conservative prevention treatments are warranted. Over an extended treatment period, the cost for the preservative dentistry option should be comparable to and perhaps less than the cost of placing and replacing dental restorations.

title: XXXX , @entity1388 varnish, and xylitol chewing gum: underutilized preventive therapies?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['caries-risk']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['lesion arrest', 'caries arrest']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'Fluoride']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['Chlorhexidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III with the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) in discriminating in-hospital mortality for intensive care unit (ICU) @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). DESIGN: Prospective, observational, multicenter study. SETTING: 70 Spanish ICUs. @entity1 AND @entity1 : 1711 @entity1 with @entity583 and representative of Spanish ICUs. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: APACHE III score, APACHE III system probability of death (APACHE III probability), SAPS II score and in-hospital mortality were noted for each @entity1 . Two hundred and twenty three (13.0 %) @entity1 died in the hospital. The sensitivity (+/- SE), specificity (+/- SE), and accuracy (+/- SE) for the APACHE III score were, respectively, 75.8 +/- 2.9, 75.9 +/- 1.1, and 75.9 +/- 1.0. The corresponding figures for APACHE III probability were 75.3 +/- 2.9, 79.2 +/- 1.1, and 78.7 +/- 1.0, and for SAPS II 72.2 +/- 3.0, 75.9 +/- 1.1, and 75.4 +/- 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate good discrimination by the three tests. APACHE III probability shows a statistically significant improvement in accuracy and specificity when compared with the two scores.

title: Mortality discrimination in XXXX : comparison between APACHE III and SAPS II prognosis systems. PAEEC Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The @entity3115 ( @entity3115 ) family of enzymes is recruited upon growth factor receptor activation and produces 3' phosphoinositide lipids. The lipid products of @entity3115 act as second messengers by binding to and activating diverse cellular target proteins. These events constitute the start of a complex signaling cascade, which ultimately results in the mediation of cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, chemotaxis, survival, trafficking, and @entity413 homeostasis. Therefore, @entity53863 Ks play a central role in many cellular functions. The factors that determine which cellular function is mediated are complex and may be partly attributed to the diversity that exists at each level of the @entity3115 signaling cascade, such as the type of stimulus, the isoform of @entity3115 , or the nature of the second messenger lipids. Numerous studies have helped to elucidate some of the key factors that determine cell fate in the context of @entity3115 signaling. For example, the past two years has seen the publication of many transgenic and knockout @entity19 studies where either @entity3115 or its signaling components are deregulated. These models have helped to build a picture of the role of @entity3115 in physiology and indeed there have been a number of surprises. This review uses such models as a framework to build a profile of @entity3115 function within both the cell and the organism and focuses, in particular, on the role of @entity3115 in cell regulation, immunity, and development. The evidence for the role of deregulated @entity3115 signaling in diseases such as @entity5 and @entity6 is reviewed.

title: Cellular function of phosphoinositide 3-kinases: implications for development, homeostasis, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The effects of periventricular nucleus (Pe) lesioning on the plasma @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) levels and the anterior pituitary (A.P.) and brain @entity1943 (SRIF) receptors were studied. A transient significant increase in plasma @entity11249 level in lesioned @entity35 was detected 1 day after the operation. This elevated level of plasma @entity11249 started to decrease 3 days after lesioning. These changes were paralleled by an increase in binding of 125I-Tyr11-SRIF-14 to the A.P. 1 day after lesioning. This result could further confirm that the SRIF inhibitory action on @entity11249 release takes place at the A.P. level. Also, a transient increase in binding of the radioligand was detected in some brain areas 1 and 4 days after the lesion. However, the mechanism by which this increase takes place remains to be elucidated.

title: Periventricular nucleus lesioning modulates specific XXXX binding in various brain regions and anterior pituitary.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) are a promising tool for vaccine therapy due to their unique properties as antigen presenting cells and their ability to prime na  ve T cells. Increasing evidence suggests that maturation stage of DC critically influences the fate of the immune response. Generation of monocyte-derived DC for clinically applicable immunotherapy requires the use of well-defined components and stringent culture conditions. An alternative strategy is to use human autologous serum. However, its constituents are not stable and reflect the inflammatory condition of the donor. In order to investigate whether DC properties are influenced by proteins present in the plasma, we matured @entity1 monocyte-derived DC with four main plasma components: @entity2002 , fibronectin, plasminogen or @entity1851 . These purified proteins were added at various concentrations on day 6 after the initial differentiation induced by @entity3646 and @entity2841 . The maturation was assessed by phenotyping of maturation-associated marker ( @entity8730 ) and co-stimulatory molecule @entity2937 as well as IL-12 production. Functional properties of DC were assessed by endocytic activity and mixed leukocyte culture. Our results indicate that @entity2002 had DC-maturation effect comparable to poly-I:C, @entity310 and @entity1421 as a positive control, but it failed to induce IL-12 production. The other plasma proteins had no effect on DC maturation. CRP at high concentration had rather inhibitory effect on DC induced lymphocyte function. We conclude that none of the tested plasma components and acute phase proteins sufficiently induce fully competent mature DC. This finding is important for the preparation of @entity1 DC-based vaccines supplemented by autologous sera.

title: Effects of XXXX plasma proteins on maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 treated with teriparatide for up to 18 months and followed-up for a further 18 months, and to assess the influence of recent prior and incident @entity174 . METHODS: The European Forsteo Observational Study (EFOS) is an observational, prospective, multinational study measuring HRQoL using the EQ-5D. The primary objective was to assess changes in HRQoL during 36 months in the whole study population. A secondary post-hoc analysis examined @entity174 impact on HRQoL in four subgroups classified based on recent prior @entity174 12 months before baseline and incident clinical @entity174 during the study. Changes from baseline were analysed using a repeated measures model. RESULTS: Of the 1581 @entity1 , 48.4% had a recent prior @entity174 and 15.6% of these @entity1 had an incident @entity174 during follow-up. 10.9% of the 816 @entity1 with no recent prior @entity174 had an incident @entity174 . Baseline mean EQ-VAS scores were similar across the subgroups. In the total study cohort (n   =   1581), HRQoL (EQ-VAS and EQ-5D index scores) improved significantly from baseline to 18 months and this improvement was maintained over the 18-month post-teriparatide period. Improvements were seen across all five EQ-5D domains during teriparatide treatment that were maintained after teriparatide was discontinued. Subjects with incident clinical @entity174 had significantly less improvement in EQ-VAS than those without incident @entity174 . Recent prior @entity174 did not influence the change in EQ-VAS during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: EFOS is the first longitudinal study in @entity1 with severe @entity170 in the real world setting to show a substantial improvement in HRQoL during teriparatide treatment that was sustained during subsequent treatment with other medications. The increase in HRQoL was lower in the subgroups with incident @entity174 but was not influenced by recent prior @entity174 . The results should be interpreted in the context of the design of an observational study.

title: Effective @entity170 treatment with teriparatide is associated with enhanced quality of life in postmenopausal XXXX with @entity170 : the European Forsteo Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reduction of midface @entity174 has been associated with the rare but devastating complication of @entity1939 . An increase in intraocular pressure is important in the mechanism of @entity1939 in this setting. In this study, the authors assessed the intraocular pressure in @entity1 who underwent @entity174 (with or without fixation). METHODS: Using applanation tonometry, 29 @entity1 underwent intraocular pressure measurements before, during, and after @entity174 fixation. The contralateral pressures were measured and used as the control. RESULTS: There were 29 @entity1 with a mean age of 35 years, and the mean time to surgery was 5 days. Preoperatively, all @entity1 had normal intraocular pressures and normal visual acuity. All @entity1 underwent a Gillies lift and 18 @entity1 required open reduction and fixation of the frontozygomatic suture (n = 4) or the infraorbital margin (n = 2), and the remainder (n = 12) required fixation of both points. There was no statistically significant increase in the intraocular pressures following the reduction of uncomplicated zygomatic @entity174 . Statistically significant pressure reductions were noted immediately after reduction and fixation. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical reduction of uncomplicated zygomatic @entity174 has no adverse effect on the intraocular pressure. It is the authors' opinion that adjunctive measures to reduce the pressures are unnecessary.

title: Intraocular pressure variations during XXXX and fixation: a clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'zygomatic fracture reduction']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['zygomatic fracture reduction']


abstract: We have analyzed ultrathin sections from isolated @entity291 chromaffin cells grown on plastic support, after fast freezing, by quantitative electron microscopy. We determined the size and intracellular distribution of dense core vesicles ( @entity6094 or chromaffin granules) and of clear vesicles (CVs). The average diameter of @entity6094 is 356 nm, and that of CVs varies between 35-195 nm (average 90 nm). @entity6094 appear randomly packed inside cells. When the distance of the center of @entity6094 to the @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is analyzed, DV density is found to decrease as the @entity1358 is approached. According to Monte Carlo simulations performed on the basis of the measured size distribution of @entity6094 , this decay can be assigned to a "wall effect." Any cortical barrier, regardless of its function, seems to not impose a restriction to a random cortical DV packing pattern. The number of @entity6094 closely approaching the @entity1358 (docked @entity6094 ) is estimated to be between 364 and 629 (average 496), i.e., 0.45 to 0.78 @entity6094 /micron2 @entity1358 . Deprivation of @entity141 , priming by increasing [ @entity141 ]i, or depolarization by high [K+]e for 10 s (the effect of which was controlled electrophysiologically and predicted to change the number of readily releasable granules [RRGs]) does not significantly change the number of peripheral @entity6094 . The reason may be that (a) structural docking implies only in part functional docking (capability of immediate release), and (b) exocytosis is rapidly followed by endocytosis and replenishment of the pool of docked @entity6094 . Whereas the potential contribution of @entity6094 to @entity1358 area increase by immediate release can be estimated at 19-33%, that of CVs is expected to be in the range of 5.6-8.0%.

title: Ultrastructural organization of XXXX chromaffin cell cortex-analysis by cryofixation and morphometry of aspects pertinent to exocytosis.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['cell membrane', 'CM']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and determinants of hyperfiltration (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] >= 120 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)), GFR decline, and @entity8 onset or progression in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with normo- or microalbuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We longitudinally studied 600 hypertensive @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity633 <200  g/min and who were retrieved from two randomized trials testing the renal effect of @entity21594 and delapril. Target blood pressure (BP) was <120/80 mmHg, and HbA(1c) was <7%. GFR, @entity633 , and @entity413 disposal rate (GDR) were centrally measured by @entity6111 plasma clearance, nephelometry in three consecutive overnight urine collections, and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, respectively. RESULTS: Over a median (range) follow-up of 4.0 (1.7-8.1) years, GFR declined by 3.37 (5.71-1.31) mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) per year. GFR change was bimodal over time: a larger reduction at 6 months significantly predicted slower subsequent decline (coefficient: -0.0054; SE: 0.0009), particularly among hyperfiltering @entity1 . A total of 90 subjects (15%) were hyperfiltering at inclusion, and 11 of 47 (23.4%) @entity1 with persistent hyperfiltration progressed to micro- or macroalbuminuria versus 53 (10.6%) of the 502 who had their hyperfiltration ameliorated at 6 months or were nonhyperfiltering since inclusion (hazard ratio 2.16 [95% CI 1.13-4.14]). Amelioration of hyperfiltration was independent of baseline characteristics or ACE inhibition. It was significantly associated with improved BP and metabolic control, amelioration of GDR, and slower long-term GFR decline on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Despite intensified treatment, @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 have a fast GFR decline. Hyperfiltration affects a subgroup of @entity1 and may contribute to renal function loss and @entity8 onset or progression. Whether amelioration of hyperfiltration is renoprotective is worth investigating.

title: Glomerular hyperfiltration and XXXX progression in @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity21594 :: ('MESH:C052035', 'Chemical') :: ['trandolapril']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: We examined the circulatory changes after intravenous thiamylal with additional injection of thiamylal 1 minute before intubation and after @entity1875 at the time of anesthetic induction and endotracheal intubation. Sixty ASA I or II @entity1 were studied after the institutional and informed consents. We compared the following three groups. Group I (n = 20): Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal 5 mg.kg-1 and intubation with the aid of @entity3369 0.1 mg.kg-1. Group II (n = 20): Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal 3 mg.kg-1 and @entity3369 0.1 mg.kg-1. One minute before the intubation, the @entity1 received additional thiamylal 4 mg.kg-1. Group III (n = 20): Anesthesia was induced with @entity1875 2.5 mg.kg-1 and intubation was performed with the aid of @entity3369 0.1 mg.kg-1. We examined the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, heart rate, and rate pressure product (RPP) in the three groups. The examinations were performed before and after induction, soon after intubation, and every one minute after intubation for 5 minutes. After the endotracheal intubation, the systolic blood pressure and heart rate increased in Group I. But the systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly more stable in Group II and Group III. The change of the RPP was slight and most stable in Group II compared with the other two groups. We conclude that additional injection of thiamylal 4 mg.kg-1 following induction of anesthesia with thyamylal 3 mg.kg-1 1 minute before endotracheal intubation is an effective method for minimizing the increase in blood pressure and circulatory changes at the time of rapid induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation.

title: [Circulatory changes at the time of anesthetic induction and endotracheal intubation--comparison of thiamylal induction group and XXXX induction group].

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: The nature of the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation was studied in the proximal (duodenum) and distal (ileum) regions of the @entity35 small intestine. In @entity35 duodenum @entity855 (1 microM-1 mM) produced a concentration-dependent transient relaxation. In ileal segments it produced a slight inhibitory effect at low concentrations (1-10 microM) and a powerful concentration-dependent contractile effect at concentrations equal to or higher than 100 microM. Relaxation similar to that elicited by @entity855 can be induced in @entity35 duodenum with the nicotinic stimulant @entity6958 ( @entity6958 , 0.1 mM) and with @entity1246 ( @entity1246 , 1 mM). @entity6958 had a similar inhibitory effect on distal ileum while @entity1246 barely affected spontaneous activity in this preparation. @entity4524 (0.5 microM)-sensitive relaxation can be elicited in both duodenal and ileal tissues by field stimulation at 0.1 Hz. In the @entity35 duodenum this nerve-mediated relaxation was sensitive to @entity855 desensitization, @entity377 pyrophosphatase (0.25 U/ml) but resistant to the proteolytic enzyme alpha-chymotrypsin (2 U/ml). On the other hand the field stimulation (0.1 Hz)-induced relaxation in the distal ileum was unaffected by @entity855 desensitization (by using both low or high concentration of @entity855 ) and by incubation of the preparation with the two enzymes. These findings provide pharmacological evidence that low frequency field stimulation activates at least two different inhibitory NANC systems in the @entity35 small intestine. @entity6883 ( @entity855 ) appears to be involved as a major transmitter in the duodenal but not in the ileal NANC inhibitory mechanism(s).

title: Pharmacological evidence that at least two different non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory systems are present in the XXXX small intestine.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["Adenosine-5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6958 :: ('MESH:D004246', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylphenylpiperazinium', 'DMPP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Harrison's class IV @entity4808 with greater than 75% exposure present a special problem in @entity130 . This problem is compounded in small @entity1 and or those with a large total body surface area burn, thus limiting the possibility of local flaps and free tissue transfers for coverage and leaving only wound care and skin grafts as options for closure. The literature suggests trephination with a high speed drill until viable bone is reached, then autografting the subsequent granulation tissue. In the most severe cases when the calvarium is deeply thermally injured and drilling down to the level of the Dura does not yield any sign of viability; should the surgeon proceed with removal of the clearly compromised calvarium down to Dura or leave it in place? METHODS: At a pediatric burn center, we reviewed all Harrison's class IV flame burns to the head with more than 75% exposure of the calvarium for a 2.5-year period. Five cases fit our inclusion criteria. RESULTS: All five @entity1 had drilling of the calvarium to debride dead bone. Three of the @entity1 had drilling that reached viable bone and were treated with a combination of early grafting and allowing granulation tissue to form then grafting. Two of the @entity1 had extreme flame burns to the head with large areas having no clinical evidence of viability down to the Dura. The photographic record and CT reconstructions of these two cases are presented. The figures show the progression of healing of the calvarium in each @entity1 . A persistent @entity9332 only in the area of complete removal of calvarium to Dura is seen in each @entity1 's record. The remaining areas demonstrate progressive wound closure with remodeling of the skull in long term follow-up. CONCLUSION: In deep massive @entity4808 to the head it is difficult to achieve wound closure. Trepanation with subsequent grafting and expectant management while awaiting granulation tissue bed is the current recommended treatment for this clinical problem. The @entity146 of surgical debridement of dead bone is largely based on clinical appearance of the tissue. In the cases presented here, complete removal of clinically non-viable burned calvarium resulted in @entity9332 that were avoided when some deep calvarium was left in place despite its poor clinical appearance. The clinical challenge of closing @entity9332 in the reconstructive phase of care should not be underestimated. Therefore, avoidance of a defect if possible by allowing some bone to remain during trephination is recommended.

title: Avoiding XXXX in a Harrison's class IV thermally injured skull.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial defect', 'calvarial defects']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial burns']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['flame injury']

answer: @entity9332 :: (MESH:C537963,Disease) :: ['calvarial defects']


abstract: After large @entity583 , compromised left ventricular (LV) function and changes in the peripheral circulation result in the syndrome of chronic @entity712 . Although treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors improve cardiovascular function, it is difficult to determine whether this benefit is due to changes in organ versus muscle function. The @entity35 model of @entity712 , created by ligating the left coronary artery, results in pathophysiology that is similar to that seen in @entity1 , i.e., increased LV end-diastolic pressure and volume, @entity1184 of the noninfarcted myocardium, prolongation of the time constant of LV relaxation, decreased venous compliance, and increased total blood volume. In noninfarcted papillary muscles, isolated from @entity35 with @entity712 , maximal developed @entity2701 and peak rate of @entity2701 rise (+dT/dt) are decreased, time to peak @entity2701 is prolonged, and @entity296 is increased. Morphologic changes include an increase in papillary muscle myocyte cross-sectional area and an increase in myocardial @entity720 content. @entity3371 (2 g/liter drinking water) alters LV loading by decreasing arterial pressure, increasing venous compliance, and decreasing blood volume. This results in a decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure and volume. In the noninfarcted myocardium, time to peak @entity2701 is shortened, whereas developed @entity2701 , +dT/dt, and @entity121 remain abnormal. @entity3371 decreases myocyte cross-sectional area, but collagen content remains elevated. Thus, in the @entity35 @entity1188 model of @entity712 , treatment with @entity3371 alters LV remodeling and @entity1184 but produces only modest improvement in muscle function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity3371 on contractility after XXXX : experimental observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle stiffness']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Clinical trials using neoadjuvant (primary, preoperative) chemotherapy demonstrate that @entity0 reduction relates to survival. To date, no pre-treatment pathologic, phenotypic, or genotypic @entity5 characteristics predict a @entity1 's likely benefit from @entity1311 . This has led to pilot clinical studies that have attempted to identify whether early cellular responses in vivo can be used to predict the effectiveness of chemotherapy. A potential benefit of such predictive studies will be the ability to tailor specific therapeutic approaches to individual @entity1 . Important issues surrounding this field include how to accurately measure and/or categorize the extent of @entity5 reduction, and how and when to assess @entity0 cellular responses in vivo. Preliminary data indicate that initial apoptotic responses are critical to @entity5 reduction, and that the timing of @entity5 samples for assessment of response is important. Although inherent complete resistance of @entity0 to @entity1311 occurs in a minority of @entity1 , mechanisms of acquired or partial resistance require further study. However, the initial apoptotic response to @entity1311 has been shown to transiently reduce both cell density and intratumoral pressure, providing a window of time when there can be improved penetration of @entity1311 into the @entity5 . Thus a strong initial apoptotic response can set up a compounding benefit from subsequent treatments. Knowledge of @entity0 response to @entity1311 in vivo could lead to therapeutic strategies that enhance the apoptotic response and optimize the dosing schedule, to improve the @entity5 reduction for most @entity1 .

title: XXXX response to @entity1311 in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare prospectively @entity616 alone and @entity616 with sedation with general anaesthesia for the @entity174 in adult @entity1 , with respect to @entity158 perception before, during and after manipulation using a visual analogue scale, radiological position, waiting time, procedure time and cost. Fifty-eight adult @entity1 with closed, displaced @entity174 were included in the study. @entity158 experienced during manipulation was greatest in @entity1 who received @entity616 alone compared with the other two groups. Post-manipulation @entity158 was significantly greater in @entity1 who received a general anaesthetic. Radiological correction was as good in those @entity1 receiving a @entity616 with or without sedation as a general anaesthetic. The waiting and manipulation times and resource costs were greater in those receiving a general anaesthetic. There were no complications related to any of these anaesthetic methods. @entity1 acceptance is greater with a correctly performed @entity616 and sedation technique compared to general anesthesia. It is also more efficient with regard to time and the resources required. This is particularly important for a progressively increasing ambulatory, elderly population who require prompt, safe, effective and painless management.

title: A prospective trial to compare three anaesthetic techniques used for the XXXX of the distal radius.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of distal radius fractures', 'distal radius fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['haematoma block', 'haematoma blocks']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['reduction of fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postintubation @entity6184 (PITS) is a common problem encountered by interventional pulmonologists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) as an adjunctive treatment to rigid @entity384 in @entity1 with PITS. METHODS: Prospective analysis of data from the interventional pulmonology unit of a large tertiary care teaching center in North India. @entity1 with a diagnosis of PITS undergoing rigid @entity384 and @entity1139 (0.4 mg/mL) application were included. The primary outcome was the occurrence of @entity256 . RESULTS: Seven @entity1 underwent rigid @entity384 , followed by the application of @entity1139 at 4 quadrants of the @entity850 . Controlled radial expansion balloon bronchoplasty was also performed, if necessary, in addition to mechanical dilatation using the barrel of the rigid bronchoscope. @entity256 occurred in all 7 @entity1 (100%) and the mean duration to the detection of @entity256 was 27 days. The @entity256 was symptomatic in 6 out of 7 (85.7%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Rigid @entity384 and a single application of @entity1139 is not an effective treatment in the management of PITS.

title: Utility of rigid @entity384 and @entity1138 application in the management of postintubation XXXX : case series and systematic review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoscopic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity6184 :: (MESH:D014135,Disease) :: ['tracheal stenosis']


abstract: @entity5003 ( @entity5003 ) greatly induces osteoclast formation and stimulates bone resorption of @entity19 calvaria in culture. In the presence of soluble @entity777 receptor (sIL-6R), @entity777 similarly induces osteoclast formation, but the potency of @entity777 in inducing bone resorption in organ culture is weaker than that of @entity5003 . To study the differences in bone-resorbing activity between @entity5003 and @entity777 , we examined the effects of the two cytokines on the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In @entity19 calvarial cultures, @entity5003 markedly enhanced the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity5782 (collagenase 3), @entity5780 ( @entity5780 ), @entity1235 ( @entity1235 ), and @entity18238 (stromelysin 1), which associated with increases in bone matrix degradation. A hydroxamate inhibitor of MMPs significantly suppressed bone-resorbing activity induced by @entity5003 . Gelatin zymography showed that both pro- and active-forms of @entity5780 and @entity1235 were detected in the conditioned medium collected from calvarial cultures, and @entity5003 markedly stimulated both pro- and active-forms of the two gelatinases. @entity777 with sIL-6R also stimulated mRNA expression and biological activities of these MMPs, but the potency was much weaker than that of @entity5003 . Conditioned medium collected from @entity5003 -treated calvariae degraded native type I collagen, but 3/4- and 1/4-length collagen fragments were not detected, suggesting that both collagenases and gelatinases synergistically degraded type I collagen into smaller fragments. In @entity19 osteoblastic cells, the expression ofMMP-2, @entity18238 , and @entity5782 mRNAs could be detected, and they were markedly enhanced by @entity634 on days 2 and 5. @entity777 with sIL-6R also induced expression of @entity5782 and @entity5780 mRNAs on day 2, but the expression was rather transient. These results demonstrate that the potency of induction of MMPs by @entity5003 and @entity777 is closely linked to the respective bone-resorbing activity, suggesting that MMP-dependent degradation of bone matrix plays a key role in bone resorption induced by these cytokines.

title: Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -3, -9, and -13) by interleukin-1 and XXXX in @entity19 calvaria: association of MMP induction with bone resorption.

answer: @entity777 :: (16193(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: Generalized @entity3519 occurs in 15 to 25% of @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) and responds poorly to medical and surgical treatments. OBJECT: After the authors observed a @entity1 whose @entity306 was dramatically improved by continuous infusion of intrathecal @entity1772 , they designed this pilot study to evaluate the effect of this treatment on a group of @entity1 with @entity306 . METHODS: The authors assessed the short-term response to intrathecal @entity1772 infusion in 12 @entity1 with @entity306 . An intrathecal catheter was inserted percutaneously and connected to an external microinfusion pump. The infusion began at a rate of 100 microg/day and was increased by 50 microg every 12 hours until the @entity3519 abated, adverse effects occurred, or the dose reached 900 microg/day with no improvement. Two observers, one blinded and one not blinded to the @entity1 's treatment status, viewed videotapes made before and after the infusions and graded the @entity3519 in eight body regions, using a 5-point scale. Overall and regional scores were compared by using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3519 diminished in 10 of 12 @entity1 whose average daily dose of intrathecal @entity1772 was 575 microg. Overall @entity3519 scores and scores for the extremities, trunk, and cervical regions were significantly better after infusion (p = 0.003). The two observers' scores were not significantly different. Programmable infusion pumps were subsequently implanted in eight @entity1 for long-term therapy and improvement was sustained in six (p < 0.05). Intrathecal @entity1772 infusion is a promising treatment option for @entity3519 associated with @entity306 . The effects of intrathecal @entity1772 infusion on @entity3519 can be evaluated by using short-term continuous infusions.

title: Infusion of intrathecal @entity1772 for @entity3519 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'Dystonia', 'generalized dystonia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic CP', 'cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of young @entity1 who have @entity2530 of the femoral head associated with collapse or @entity528 remains a therapeutic challenge, with total hip arthroplasty being a treatment of choice. However, concerns about the durability of the results of hip arthroplasty in this population necessitate long-term evaluation of this treatment option. To determine its advantages and limitations, we evaluated the results of @entity572 in a consecutive series of young @entity1 with advanced @entity2530 . METHODS: We reviewed the results of fifty-five consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties, after an average of 117 months of follow-up, in forty-five @entity1 with a preoperative diagnosis of advanced @entity2530 of the femoral head (Ficat and Arlet stage III or IV). The average age was thirty-one years (range, twenty-one to forty years) at the time of the operation. We collected data prospectively with the use of @entity1 questionnaires and radiographs. RESULTS: Five @entity1 died and one @entity1 was lost to follow-up before the time of the minimum five-year follow-up; this left forty-eight hips in thirty-nine @entity1 for inclusion in the study. Ten (21 percent) of the forty-eight hips required revision. No revisions were due to aseptic failure of the femoral component. Of the remaining twenty-nine @entity1 (thirty-eight hips), twenty-seven (93 percent) reported few or no functional limitations and twenty-three (79 percent) could walk an unlimited distance at the time of the latest follow-up. @entity158 was absent or mild in twenty-five @entity1 (86 percent). Twenty-three @entity1 (79 percent) were employed full-time. Radiographically, thirty-seven femoral components (97 percent) were bone-ingrown and the remaining component was judged to be fibrous stable. All thirty-eight acetabular components were bone-ingrown. CONCLUSIONS: @entity572 remains a reasonable treatment option for advanced @entity2530 of the femoral head. Wear of the bearing surface continues to limit the long-term success rate, but we are encouraged by the predictable long-term stability of the bone-implant interface achieved with cementless fixation. These results compare favorably with those of published reports of total hip arthroplasty with cement in younger @entity1 with @entity2530 .

title: XXXX of the femoral head treated with @entity572 .

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Cementless total hip arthroplasty', 'cementless total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['substantial secondary degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Osteonecrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The activation of various cytokines, e.g. @entity310 , @entity1192 and/or @entity650 , may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity8 and @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ). The systemic effect of these cytokines may be modulated by their circulating soluble receptors. The plasma levels of cytokine receptors may thus also be markers of the activation of these cytokines. MATERIAL/METHODS: The plasma levels of @entity310 , its soluble receptor p75 (sTNF-RII), @entity650 , and the soluble @entity650 receptor (sIL-6R) were measured using ELISA in 17 @entity1 with @entity8 (12 active - ANCA-A, 7 in remission ANCA-R), 9 @entity1 with active @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ), and 5 healthy subjects. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1988 had increased plasma levels of @entity310 , sTNF-RII, @entity650 and sIL-6R in comparison with controls. @entity1 with ANCA-A also had increased plasma levels of @entity310 , sTNF-RII and sIL-6R in comparison with controls, but the increase in the plasma level of @entity650 was not statistically significant, due to the large standard deviation. @entity1 with ANCA-R had increased plasma levels of sTNF-RII in comparison to controls, but the plasma levels of @entity310 were significantly lower in ANCA-R than in ANCA-A. While the ratio of @entity310 to sTNF-RII was significantly lower in all groups of @entity1 than in the controls, the ratio of @entity650 to sIL-6R was significantly increased only in @entity1988 in comparison to controls. CONCLUSIONS: While increased plasma levels of @entity310 may be a nonspecific marker of the activity of @entity8 and @entity1988 , plasma levels of sTNF-RII are also increased in @entity1 with @entity8 in remission. Increased plasma levels of sTNF-RII may inhibit the systemic effects of @entity310 , but may also prolong the half-life of its active form. Plasma levels of sIL-6R are increased both in ANCA-A and in @entity1988 , but their increase is much less pronounced than that of sTNF-RII and cannot effectively block the systemic effects of @entity650 .

title: Soluble cytokine receptors in XXXX and @entity1988 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vasculitis', 'ANCA-positive renal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal vasculitis']


abstract: Gene expression signatures generated from DNA microarray analyses have shown promise as predictive biomarkers of clinical outcome. In this study, we determined a high-risk signature for disease recurrence using @entity406 -fixed @entity213 ( @entity213 ) @entity5 and compared the results with an independent data set obtained from fresh frozen @entity5 . We also showed that genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) signaling deregulation are the most prominent molecular characteristics of the high-risk @entity5 . Gene expression was determined in 40 samples, including 34 @entity406 -fixed tissues and 6 matched frozen tissues, from 29 @entity213 @entity1 . A 75-gene list predictive of disease recurrence was determined by training on the @entity406 -fixed @entity5 data set and tested on data from the independent frozen @entity5 set from 60 @entity213 @entity1 . The difference in recurrence-free survival (RFS) between the high-risk versus low-risk groups in the training and test sets was statistically significant (P = 0.002 and 0.03, respectively, log-rank test). In addition, the gene expression data was interrogated using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to determine biological significance. The most significant sets of genes enriched in the high-risk @entity5 were genes involving EMT, @entity2451 activation, and cell adhesion. In conclusion, global gene expression analysis is feasible using @entity406 -fixed tissue. The 75-gene list can be used as a prognostic biomarker of recurrence, and our data suggest that the molecular determinants of EMT and @entity2451 activation can be targeted as the novel therapy in the identified high-risk @entity1 .

title: Gene expression profiles identify epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and activation of @entity2451 signaling as characteristics of a high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor-kappaB', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The position of electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation in acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is related to the region of @entity1188 , but the relationship between the initial ST-segment elevation and the eventual loss of QRS voltage remains uncertain. The authors examined body surface map data in 76 @entity1 with @entity18564 to clarify this relationship. The @entity1 had no evidence of previous @entity583 , no subsequent @entity583 , and did not receive thrombolytic therapy or other acute interventions. Maps were recorded on admission to the hospital, every 24 hours during the hospital stay, and again at follow-up examinations 6-48 months after the index @entity583 . The region of ST-segment elevation on the initial body surface map was compared to the region of developed voltage loss in the QRS complex as measured by the integral 0-30, 0-40, 0-80, and 30-80 ms body surface maps subsequently recorded 24 hours, 48 hours, and over 6 months after the initial body surface map. There was a relationship between the position of the ST-segment elevation and the loss of the QRS segment voltages, which was pronounced early after @entity583 and diminished months after the @entity583 . The region of ST-segment elevation in the initial body surface map predicts the QRS loss. In the integral QRS0-30 map versus the initial ST-segment map the mean correlation coefficient was -0.54 +/- 0.33 with a median value of -0.67. The integral QRS0-40 map and ST-segment map had a mean correlation coefficient of 0.60 +/- 0.29 and median of 0.66. The mean correlation coefficient is less for the integral QRS0-80 map and nonexistent in the integral QRS30-80 map. This method may be useful for monitoring acute interventions in @entity583 .

title: Relationship of ST-segment elevation to eventual QRS loss in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity18564 :: ('MESH:D056988', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior wall MI']

answer: @entity18564 :: (MESH:D056988,Disease) :: ['acute anterior wall myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative effectiveness of pediatric @entity565 care among @entity1 treated by a dedicated @entity565 center (AC) vs @entity1 who use the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) as a site of primary @entity565 care. METHODS: A retrospective case-control design was used. A random sample of AC cases was selected from a designated comprehensive AC over a 12-month period. Concurrent @entity341 control @entity1 were identified from all cases of pediatric @entity565 from five urban hospitals based on two or more @entity341 visits. Cases and controls were matched (1:2) based on age and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) @entity565 severity of illness classification. A telephone survey was administered to the caregivers of all enrolled @entity1 in the study sample. RESULTS: Four elements of pediatric @entity565 care were examined: quality, access, hospital utilization, and functional impact of disease. Demographic data were similar between the @entity341 cases and the AC controls. In terms of quality of care, the AC @entity1 were more likely to use maintenance antiinflammatory medications, 60.2% vs 22.5% (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9 to 9.7) and more likely to be taking medications at school, 71.4% vs 48.1% (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.5 to 4.7). In terms of access to care, the AC families were more likely to have a physician to call to assist with outpatient management, 98.2% vs 65.0% (OR = 25.3; 95% CI = 9.0 to 76.9). Frequent @entity341 utilization (> or = 1 visit/month) was less likely in the AC @entity1 , 9.2% vs 22.0% (OR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.79) and school absenteeism was lower as well (9.5 +/- 6.7 days vs 16.6 +/- 10.3, p < 0.001). Additionally, the caregivers of the AC @entity1 missed fewer workdays (4.7 +/- 2.8 vs 7.4 +/- 4.1; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Significant disparities in quality, access, resource utilization, and functional impact exist between AC and @entity341 @entity1 . Emergency physicians have a unique opportunity to improve the public health by directing @entity341 @entity1 toward pediatric AC treatment.

title: Dedicated @entity565 center improves the quality of care and resource utilization for pediatric XXXX : a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Although both anatomical and physiological changes in pregnancy may predispose to @entity1290 formation, it still remains an uncommon occurrence. Correct diagnosis is often difficult. Ultrasound has become the primary diagnostic tool, and a limited study excretory urogram is only necessary for complicated cases. @entity1790 during pregnancy occurs more frequently during the later stages of gestation in multiparas, and without a difference in laterality. Conservative management with bed rest, hydration and analgesia can result in spontaneous passage of the majority of stones in gravidas. Past experience indicates that cystoscopy and/or surgery can usually be done safely when absolutely necessary. Pre-existing stone disease can increase the incidence of maternal urinary tract infections by 10-20%. The most common @entity2143 complication of stones during gestation is the precipitation of @entity3465 by renal colic. Unfortunately, most drugs used to treat stone disease are contraindicated in gestation. Experimental evidence suggests that known inhibitors of stone formation are present in gestation, and may help to explain why the incidence of stones is not increased in this particularly @entity12233 state.

title: XXXX and gestation.

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature labour']

entities_list: @entity12233 :: ('MESH:C562793', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuric']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stone']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrolithiasis']

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['Nephrolithiasis']


abstract: The recently described anti-A2/RA33 autoantibodies occur in 20-40% of @entity1 with @entity309 , @entity1252 , and @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ). They are directed to the A2 protein of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex ( @entity24093 ), an abundant nuclear protein associated with the spliceosome. The @entity2733 -terminal half of the antigen contains two conserved RNA binding domains whereas its @entity1473 -terminal part is extremely @entity2228 -rich. The aim of this study was to characterize the autoepitopes of @entity24093 and to investigate the effects of anti-A2/RA33 autoantibodies on possible functions of the antigen. Using bacterially expressed fragments, two major discontinuous epitopes were identified. One containing the complete second RNA binding domain was recognized by the majority of @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity1252 but not by @entity1 with @entity2406 . The second epitope contained sequences of both RNA binding domains and was preferentially targeted by @entity1 with @entity2406 . When the RNA binding properties of the antigen were investigated, oligoribonucleotides containing the sequence motif r(UUAG) were found to bind to a site closely adjacent or overlapping with the epitope targeted by autoantibodies from @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity1252 . Moreover, anti-A2/RA33 autoantibodies from @entity1 with @entity309 or @entity1252 , but not from @entity1 with @entity2406 , inhibited binding of RNA. Thus, anti-A2/RA33 autoantibodies recognize conformation-dependent epitopes located in a functionally important region of the antigen. Furthermore, the specific recognition of an epitope by @entity2406 @entity1 may be used as another argument in favor of considering @entity2406 a distinct @entity2597 .

title: Anti-A2/RA33 autoantibodies are directed to the RNA binding region of the A2 protein of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex. Differential epitope recognition in XXXX , @entity1252 , and @entity2406 .

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['mixed connective tissue disease', 'MCTD']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Gram-negative bacteria the ZnuABC transporter ensures adequate @entity219 import in @entity43813 -poor environments, like those encountered by pathogens within the infected host. Recently, the metal-binding protein ZinT was suggested to operate as an accessory component of ZnuABC in periplasmic @entity219 recruitment. Since ZinT is known to form a ZinT-ZnuA complex in the presence of @entity43813 it was proposed to transfer @entity43813 to ZnuA. The present work was undertaken to test this claim. METHODS: @entity23703 and its structural relationship with ZnuA have been characterized by multiple biophysical techniques (X-ray crystallography, SAXS, analytical ultracentrifugation, fluorescence spectroscopy). RESULTS: The metal-free and metal-bound crystal structures of @entity11621 ZinT show one @entity43813 binding site and limited structural changes upon metal removal. Spectroscopic titrations with @entity43813 yield a KD value of 22  2nM for ZinT, while those with ZnuA point to one high affinity (KD<20nM) and one low affinity @entity43813 binding site (KD in the micromolar range). Sedimentation velocity experiments established that @entity43813 -bound ZinT interacts with ZnuA, whereas apo-ZinT does not. The model of the ZinT-ZnuA complex derived from small angle X-ray scattering experiments points to a disposition that favors metal transfer as the metal binding cavities of the two proteins face each other. CONCLUSIONS: ZinT acts as a @entity43813 -buffering protein that delivers @entity43813 to ZnuA. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Knowledge of the ZinT-ZnuA relationship is crucial for understanding bacterial @entity43813 uptake.

title: The @entity11621 ZinT structure, @entity219 affinity and interaction with the high-affinity uptake protein ZnuA provide insight into the management of periplasmic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: Incontinent @entity1 should be comprehensively investigated by objective tests, especially manometry, continence tests, and electromyography. Manometry can be used to predict the functional outcome and to calibrate the sphincter repair. Pure anatomical defects of the anal and pelvic musculature deserve surgical correction with or without overlapping the muscle ends. If the repair is delayed it should be done after a 3 month interval. A protective colostomy has to be performed in complex cases and in cases with septic complications. Before closing the colostomy, the ano-rectal function should be assessed. Acceptable continence can be restored in the majority of the @entity1 , the outcome depending on the extent of local defects and the severity of concomitant @entity3087 . Skeletal muscle transposition remains an esoteric approach to be used only in selected @entity1 ; the implantation of a neuromuscular stimulator seems to be warranted. In the presence of important functional deficits, sphincter repair may create a situation where additional conservative measures become more effective. A post-anal repair may be considered 3-12 months after rectopexy or sphincter repair. Incontinence based on pure functional defects is initially treated conservatively. A post-anal repair may improve the situation in two thirds of the @entity1 but fails to help those who need it most. Failure seems to be related to a continuing neuropathic process. A peri-anal prosthetic band implant may be a valuable alternative in such @entity1 . A sigmoidostomy is a measure of last resort. The prevention of @entity1241 is most important and concerns surgeons, obstetricians, and physicians.

title: XXXX : indications for repairing the anal sphincter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor neuropathy']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['Fecal incontinence']


abstract: The pattern of dendritic stratification of @entity2479 cells in the fetal monkey ( @entity2608 ) was examined using horseradish peroxidase and retinal explants. Ganglion cells in the @entity2608 are born between embryonic day (E) 30-70 (LaVail et al., 1983). At E60, E67, and E68, approximately 50% of all @entity4494 cells within the central 3.0 mm of the retina had dendritic arbors that were unistratified within the inner plexiform layer (IPL), while the remaining 50% had bistratified arbors. Unistratified cells had relatively flat arbors that ramified within a restricted portion of the IPL. In contrast, bistratified cells had one portion of the arbor that branched in the inner half of the IPL and a second portion that branched in the outer half of the IPL. Relatively few bistratified cells were encountered in the central 1.0 mm of the retina but were more numerous with increasing eccentricity. At E81, E90, and E110, the dendritic arbors of @entity4494 cells increased in both area and complexity, but occupied a relatively small percentage of the total depth of the IPL. The bistratified cells encountered at these fetal ages were typically located in the far retinal periphery. Between E125-E140, the dendritic arbors of individual @entity4494 cells increased in area and depth to occupy a greater proportion of the total IPL than at earlier fetal ages. These observations suggest that @entity4494 cells in the macaque undergo at least three stages of dendritic stratification: (1) an initial period of dendritic growth during which the cells have either unistratified or bistratified dendritic arbors; (2) a loss of the majority of bistratified cells through cell death or remodeling of the arbor; and (3) growth or expansion of the arbor to occupy a greater percentage of the total depth of the IPL. The first two stages are similar to recent observations in the fetal cat (Maslim _ Stone, 1988) with the exception that dendritic development in the primate lacks an initial diffuse ingrowth to the IPL. Additionally, primate @entity4494 cells undergo a third stage of dendritic growth in late fetal development during which the arbor occupies a greater proportion of the depth of the IPL.

title: Early dendritic outgrowth of primate XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey', 'Macaca mulatta']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: In contrast to adults, preweanling @entity35 exhibit behavioral sensitization for only a few days after cessation of @entity935 (DA) agonist treatment. The reasons for this ontogenetic difference are uncertain, but maturational changes in the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor may be responsible, since stimulation of these receptors is necessary for the development of DA agonist-induced sensitization in adult @entity35 . The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between @entity143 receptor functioning and DA agonist-induced sensitization during the preweanling period. To that end, 17-day-old @entity35 were injected (i.p.) on 4 consecutive days with saline or 0.3 mg/kg @entity3390 (a non-competitive @entity143 receptor antagonist) followed, 30 min later, by an injection of saline, 2.5 mg/kg @entity4944 (an indirect DA agonist), or 1.0 mg/kg @entity5563 (a direct DA agonist). Sensitization was tested 2 days later (i.e., at 22 days of age), with @entity35 receiving a challenge injection of saline, @entity4944 , @entity5563 , or @entity3390 . Results showed that the @entity143 antagonist had adult-like effects on the behavioral sensitization of preweanling @entity35 , as @entity4944 - and @entity5563 -induced sensitization were eliminated by @entity3390 pretreatment. When given alone, @entity3390 substantially increased the locomotor activity (i.e., line-crosses) of preweanling @entity35 , an effect that became sensitized with repeated drug treatment. Lastly, preweanling @entity35 already sensitized to @entity3390 did not exhibit cross-sensitization to @entity4944 or @entity5563 . Thus, with few exceptions, @entity143 receptor stimulation appears to modulate sensitization in a similar fashion across ontogeny. This finding suggests that maturational differences in the @entity143 receptor system are not responsible for the lack of long-term sensitization in the younger animal.

title: Ontogeny of @entity935 agonist-induced sensitization: role of XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity3390 :: ('MESH:D016291', 'Chemical') :: ['dizocilpine']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine those @entity1 who have sustained a @entity2123 during surgery for @entity9905 and pinpoint the site of injury vis-a-vis the operative approach. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective review of >1,000 @entity1 undergoing @entity1146 repair. SETTING: The study was performed at a tertiary referral center. @entity1 : The study consists of 10 @entity1 with a @entity2123 from @entity1146 surgery. INTERVENTION: In 1 of 10 @entity1 , the facial nerve was transected. This occurred during the skin incision at the level of the helix. A sural nerve cable graft was used to repair the severed nerve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: High-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone was the most important preoperative study. However, in cases of @entity850 with @entity3540 , the course of the facial nerve may be camouflaged. RESULTS: Ten of >1,000 @entity1 operated on sustained a @entity2123 from @entity1146 surgery. Seven of these @entity1 were those of the authors, whereas three had the initial surgery elsewhere, each by a different surgeon. CONCLUSIONS: For the inexperienced surgeon, the facial nerve is at its greatest risk in the inferoposterior portion of atretic bone just lateral to the middle ear. For the experienced surgeon, the facial nerve is at its greatest risk in those @entity1 with @entity6787 , @entity850 , and an accompanying @entity3540 .

title: XXXX in @entity9905 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity6787 :: ('MESH:C537239', 'Disease') :: ['low-set ears']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity9905 :: ('MESH:C564321', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aural atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['aural stenosis', 'canal stenosis']

answer: @entity2123 :: (MESH:D020220,Disease) :: ['Facial nerve injury']


abstract: Despite the increasing reliance on breakpoint cluster region (bcr) determinations in diagnosis of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ), few reports have dealt with the practical aspects of specimen analysis. In the setting of a routine molecular diagnostics laboratory, samples from 68 @entity1 with active @entity1860 were evaluated for bcr rearrangements, with the use of a variety of enzymes and two probes. The data have been used to develop an efficient strategy for bcr screening and breakpoint determination. Screening with the universal bcr (UBCR) probe on Xba I and BgI II digests yielded bcr rearrangements in 100% of the Ph1-positive @entity1 and three of the seven Ph1-negative @entity1 , giving bcr analysis a sensitivity of 100%. A single-enzyme screen using the UBCR probe would have resulted in a false negative rate of 10%. The false negative rate was determined during the breakpoint site analysis from additional digests hybridized to both the 3' and UBCR probes. The false negative rate for the 3' probe was 26.5%, because of deletions or 5' rearrangements. The method of breakpoint site determination was dependent on screening results. In 78% of cases, one additional hybridization with two enzyme digests was required. During breakpoint site analysis, a rare false negative result was also demonstrated with Bam HI and Eco RI. This screening strategy has made bcr analysis competitive with cytogenetic analysis at the authors' institution; although turnaround time may be slightly longer, bcr analysis can yield information (such as detecting bcr-positive/Ph1-negative @entity1 and determining breakpoint site) that cannot be obtained by cytogenetics.

title: Strategy for breakpoint cluster region analysis in XXXX in a routine clinical laboratory.

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelocytic leukemia']


abstract: It is controversial if the rare @entity48 of the testis should be classified as a variant of mature @entity44 or separately. The spectrum of findings is also ill defined, as is the relationship of @entity48 to @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ). This study therefore reports the findings in five testicular dermoid cysts that occurred in five @entity1 , 17-42 years of age, who presented with testicular masses. Four lesions consisted of a keratin-filled cyst with a thickened wall, whereas one had islands of "shadow" squamous epithelial cells with superimposed @entity730 and ossification ( @entity17390 -like variant). Hair was identified grossly in two cases. On microscopic examination, four @entity5 had hair follicles with sebaceous glands showing a typical, cutaneous-type orientation to an epidermal surface, although no hair shafts were present in two. In addition, the fibrous wall contained smooth muscle bundles (all @entity5 ) and eccrine or apocrine sweat glands (4 @entity5 ). In some cases there were also glands lined by ciliated epithelium (4 @entity5 , including the @entity17390 -like variant), intestinal mucosa (1 @entity5 ), and bone (2 @entity5 ). There was no cytologic atypia or apparent mitotic activity, and no case had @entity2971 in the seminiferous tubules. All @entity1 were clinical stage I and were treated by orchiectomy without adjuvant therapy. All were well on follow-up from 1.5 to 9.5 years later. This study supports that @entity48 may have noncutaneous teratomatous elements and that an important criterion for its diagnosis is the absence of @entity2971 . It also supports that it should be categorized separately from mature testicular @entity44 because of the malignant nature of the latter in postpubertal @entity1 . These observations suggest that there are at least two pathways for testicular @entity44 in postpubertal @entity1 : the more common being through @entity2971 by differentiation from an invasive @entity2971 and the less common one, taken by @entity48 , by direct transformation from a nonmalignant germ cell.

title: @entity48 of the testis: a study of five postpubertal cases, including a XXXX -like variant, with evidence supporting its separate classification from mature testicular @entity44 .

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the unclassified type', 'IGCNU', 'malignant germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity17390 :: ('MESH:D018296', 'Disease') :: ['pilomatrixoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity17390 :: (MESH:D018296,Disease) :: ['pilomatrixoma']


abstract: @entity1051 in polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes, due to @entity2150 , exposes to @entity281 . The risk is all the greater when the @entity1398 is more marked and more lasting. The @entity281 have a different distribution from that commonly observed in normal subjects. There is little inflammatory reaction, no pus formation and bacterial multiplication invades the parenchyma and may create @entity39 due to @entity3885 . The prognosis is very bad. For example, @entity358 in acute @entity1778 of adults, have a mortality greater than 75%. Antibiotic treatment and leukocyte transfusions give disappointing results. The prevention of @entity281 has permitted spectacular progress. Nevertheless, the long-term prognosis is not linked to the @entity281 itself, but to the sub-jacent disease responsible for the @entity3028 . The @entity281 become cured in @entity137 and in @entity1778 where chemotherapy permits one to obtain a remission. The @entity281 remain fatal whatever the treatment used if the medullary aplasia is not curable.

title: [Infections in XXXX and their treatment].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['transient toxic aplasia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1051 :: ('MESH:D013661', 'Disease') :: ['A quantitative deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar obstruction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

answer: @entity3028 :: (MESH:D000380,Disease) :: ['agranulocytosis']